bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel vector field analysis for quantitative structure changes after macular epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: Bae Seok Hyun , Go Sojung , Kim Jooyoung , Park Kyu Hyung , Lee Soochahn , Park Sang Jun
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to introduce novel vector field analysis for the quantitative measurement of retinal displacement after epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. We developed a novel framework to measure retinal displacement from retinal fundus images as follows: (1) rigid registration of preoperative retinal fundus images in reference to postoperative retinal fundus images, (2) extraction of retinal vessel segmentation masks from these retinal fundus images, (3) non-rigid registration of preoperative vessel masks in reference to postoperative vessel masks, and (4) calculation of the transformation matrix required for non-rigid registration for each pixel. These pixel-wise vector field results were summarized according to predefined 24 sectors after standardization. We applied this framework to 20 patients who underwent ERM removal to obtain their retinal displacement vector fields between retinal fundus images taken preoperatively and at postoperative 1, 4, 10, and 22 months. The mean direction of displacement vectors was in the nasal direction. The mean standardized magnitudes of retinal displacement between preoperative and postoperative 1 month, postoperative 1 and 4, 4 and 10, and 10 and 22 months were 38.6, 14.9, 7.6, and 5.4, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a computerized, reproducible, and scalable way to analyze structural changes in the retina with a powerful visualization tool. Retinal structural changes were mostly concentrated in the early postoperative period and tended to move nasally.
Enhanced accuracy through machine learning-based simultaneous evaluation: a case study of RBS analysis of multinary materials
Authors: Magchiels Goele , Claessens Niels , Meersschaut Johan , Vantomme André
Published: April 2024

We address the high accuracy and precision demands for analyzing large in situ or in operando spectral data sets. A dual-input artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm enables the compositional and depth-sensitive analysis of multinary materials by simultaneously evaluating spectra collected under multiple experimental conditions. To validate the developed algorithm, a case study was conducted analyzing complex Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) spectra collected in two scattering geometries. The dual-input ANN analysis excelled in providing a systematic analysis and precise results, showcasing its robustness in handling complex data and minimizing user bias. A comprehensive comparison with human supervision analysis and conventional single-input ANN analysis revealed a reduced susceptibility of the dual-input ANN analysis to inaccurately known setup parameters, a common challenge in material characterization. The developed multi-input approach can be extended to a wide range of analytical techniques, in which the combined analysis of measurements performed under different experimental conditions is beneficial for disentangling details of the material properties.
Monte Carlo simulation of the effect of melanin concentration on light-tissue interactions in transmittance and reflectance finger photoplethysmography
Authors: Al-Halawani Raghda , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panicos A.
Published: April 2024

Photoplethysmography (PPG) uses light to detect volumetric changes in blood, and is integrated into many healthcare devices to monitor various physiological measurements. However, an unresolved limitation of PPG is the effect of skin pigmentation on the signal and its impact on PPG based applications such as pulse oximetry. Hence, an in-silico model of the human finger was developed using the Monte Carlo (MC) technique to simulate light interactions with different melanin concentrations in a human finger, as it is the primary determinant of skin pigmentation. The AC/DC ratio in reflectance PPG mode was evaluated at source-detector separations of 1 mm and 3 mm as the convergence rate (Q), a parameter that quantifies the accuracy of the simulation, exceeded a threshold of 0.001. At a source-detector separation of 3 mm, the AC/DC ratio of light skin was 0.472 times more than moderate skin and 6.39 than dark skin at 660 nm, and 0.114 and 0.141 respectively at 940 nm. These findings are significant for the development of PPG-based sensors given the ongoing concerns regarding the impact of skin pigmentation on healthcare devices.
The role of cerebellum in learned vocal communication in adult songbirds
Authors: Radic Rebecca , Lukacova Kristina , Baciak Ladislav , Hodova Vladimira , Kubikova Lubica
Published: April 2024

Injury, tumors, ischemia, and lesions in the cerebellum show the involvement of this region in human speech. The association of the cerebellum with learned birdsong has only been identified recently. Cerebellar dysfunction in young songbirds causes learning disabilities, but its role in adult songbirds has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in adult birdsong. We created bilateral excitotoxic lesions in the DCN of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and recorded their songs for up to 4 months. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry, we validated the lesion efficacy. We found that the song duration significantly increased from 14 weeks post-op; the increase in duration was caused by a greater number of introductory notes as well as a greater number of syllables sung after the introductory notes. On the other hand, the motif duration decreased from 8 weeks after DCN lesions were induced, which was due to faster singing of syllables, not changes in inter-syllable interval length. DCN lesions also caused a decrease in the fundamental frequency of syllables. In summary, we showed that DCN lesions influence the temporal and acoustic features of birdsong. These results suggest that the cerebellum influences singing in adult songbirds.
Benign synthesis of terpene-based 1,4-p-menthane diamine
Authors: Wenzel Jonas O. , Santos Correa Luis , Schmidt Sarah , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: April 2024

Terpenes represent a promising renewable feedstock for the substitution of fossil resources in the synthesis of renewable platform chemicals, like diamines. This work describes the synthesis and full characterization of 1,4-p-menthane diamine (1,4-PMD) obtained from α-terpinene (1). A two-step procedure using dibenzyl azodicarboxylate (DBAD) and H2 as rather benign reagents was employed under comparatively mild conditions. Both C–N bonds were formed simultaneously during a visible-light mediated Diels–Alder reaction, which was investigated in batch or flow, avoiding regioselectivity issues during the amination steps that are otherwise typical for terpene chemistry. Heterogeneously catalyzed quadruple hydrogenation of the cycloadduct (2a) yielded 1,4‑PMD (3). While the intermediate cycloadduct was shown to be distillable, the target diamine can be sublimed, offering sustainable purification methods.
The laboratory parameters-derived CoLab score as an indicator of the host response in ICU COVID-19 patients decreases over time: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schoenmakers Tom , Leers Mathie P. G. , Gorissen Stefan H. M. , van Loo Inge H. M. , van Rosmalen Frank , Aydeniz Eda , Schellens Joep , Driessen Marielle , Deneer Ruben , de Venne Wilhelmine P. H. G. Verboeket-van , Wolffs Petra F. G. , van Mook Walther N. K. A. , van Bussel Bas C. T. ,   the CoLaIC-consortium, Ament Stephanie , Arbous M. Sesmu , Bekers Otto , van Berckel Miranda , Boer Arjan-Kars , van Dam Dirk W. , Deneer Ruben , van Doorn William P. T. M. , Dormans Tom P. , Evers Silvia M. M. A. , Frenzel Tim , de Geus-Bosma Madeleen , Gillis Judith , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Koek W. Nadia H. , Linssen Kitty , Meex Steven J. R. , Mostard Guy J. M. , Mostard Remy L. M. , Otterspoor Luuk C. , van Riel Natal A. W. , Stals Frans , van Westreenen Harro , Wolthuis Albert , van Mastrigt Ghislaine , Peeters Andrea
Published: April 2024

The CoLab score was developed and externally validated to rule out COVID-19 among suspected patients presenting at the emergency department. We hypothesized a within-patient decrease in the CoLab score over time in an intensive care unit (ICU) cohort. Such a decrease would create the opportunity to potentially rule out the need for isolation when the infection is overcome. Using linear mixed-effects models, data from the Maastricht Intensive Care COVID (MaastrICCht) cohort were used to investigate the association between time and the CoLab score. Models were adjusted for sex, APACHE II score, ICU mortality, and daily SOFA score. The CoLab score decreased by 0.30 points per day (95% CI − 0.33 to − 0.27), independent of sex, APACHE II, and Mortality. With increasing SOFA score over time, the CoLab score decreased more strongly (− 0.01 (95% CI − 0.01 to − 0.01) additional decrease per one-point increase in SOFA score.) The CoLab score decreased in ICU patients on mechanical ventilation for COVID-19, with a one-point reduction per three days, independent of sex, APACHE II, and ICU mortality, and somewhat stronger with increasing multi-organ failure over time. This suggests that the CoLab score would decrease below a threshold where COVID-19 can be excluded.
3D printed orthopedic prostheses for domestic and wild birds—case reports
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Rannier R. A.
Published: April 2024

Regardless of the species, birds are exposed to injuries that lead to amputation of part of the body structure and often euthanasia. Based on the need for new technologies that improve the quality of life of birds with locomotor problems, the present case reports aimed to describe the development of custom-made three-dimensional (3D) prostheses for domestic and wild birds that suffered amputation or malformation of the hind limb. Using the measurements of the bird, a digital model was created for 3D printing using fused deposition modeling technology (FDM) by the Brazilian company 3D Medicine. In this study we report the use of 3D prosthesis for the rehabilitation of three birds with locomotor disorders in Brazil, the animals adapted to the custom-made prosthesis with an improvement in quality of life, better distribution of body weight, locomotion, and landing. This study describes the development of 3D prostheses for birds in Brazil, the first report of this technology for these species, and the pioneering development of socket prostheses for small birds. 3D prostheses offer a high-efficiency solution to improve the quality of life of animals with amputations and malformations of the hind limbs. In addition, 3D technology provides valuable tools for veterinary medicine, developing custom-made models for the most different anatomical demands of animal patients.
Association between changes in habitual stepping activity and cognition in older adults
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Bray Nick W. , Quirion Isadora , Ahmadi Shirko , Faivre Pierre , Gallant Francois , Gagnon Caroline , Sénéchal Martin , Dupuy Olivier , Bélanger Mathieu , Mekari Said
Published: April 2024

Advancing age is associated with declines in cognitive function. Although physical activity is thought to protect against this decline, it is unclear how a short-term uptake in daily steps or a decline in day-to-day step variability may contribute to cognition among older adults. We tested associations between changes in step counts, day-to-day step variability and executive cognitive functions among older adults taking part in a physical activity intervention. Thirty-seven older adults (33 females; 71.4 ± 6.3 years) completed a 10-week personalized physical activity intervention. Participants wore a Fitbit to measure daily step counts throughout the study. They also completed a computerized Stroop task before and after the intervention. Average step counts and step count variability via average-real-variability (ARV) were determined. Compared to pre-intervention, step counts increased (p < 0.001) and step variability decreased post-intervention (p = 0.04). Models describing the changes in step counts and ARV over the 10-weeks were cubic (both, p < 0.04). Reaction times during the simple (p = 0.002) and switching (p = 0.04) conditions were faster post-intervention. Change in step variability was positively associated with the change in reaction time for the switching condition (β = 0.029, p = 0.002). On average, a reduction in day-to-day step variability was associated with improvements in cognitive flexibility.
Evaluating the accuracy of cerebrovascular computational fluid dynamics modeling through time-resolved experimental validation
Authors: Luisi Claudio A. , Witter Tom L. , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael
Published: April 2024

Accurate modeling of cerebral hemodynamics is crucial for better understanding the hemodynamics of stroke, for which computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a viable tool to obtain information. However, a comprehensive study on the accuracy of cerebrovascular CFD models including both transient arterial pressures and flows does not exist. This study systematically assessed the accuracy of different outlet boundary conditions (BCs) comparing CFD modeling and an in-vitro experiment. The experimental setup consisted of an anatomical cerebrovascular phantom and high-resolution flow and pressure data acquisition. The CFD model of the same cerebrovascular geometry comprised five sets of stationary and transient BCs including established techniques and a novel BC, the phase modulation approach. The experiment produced physiological hemodynamics consistent with reported clinical results for total cerebral blood flow, inlet pressure, flow distribution, and flow pulsatility indices (PI). The in-silico model instead yielded time-dependent deviations between 19–66% for flows and 6–26% for pressures. For cerebrovascular CFD modeling, it is recommended to avoid stationary outlet pressure BCs, which caused the highest deviations. The Windkessel and the phase modulation BCs provided realistic flow PI values and cerebrovascular pressures, respectively. However, this study shows that the accuracy of current cerebrovascular CFD models is limited.
Effect of different shapes of steel fibers and palygorskite-nanofibers on performance of ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Huang Yingying , Kong Dewen , Li Yi , Zhou Shenghui , Shu Jing , wu Bing
Published: April 2024

Herein, a practical ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) was created by adding two different shapes of steel fibers and curing them at ambient temperature using palygorskite-nanofiber (PN) as the modifier. The compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity, and porosity were analyzed to determine the effects of the steel fibers and PNs on the UHPC mechanical and physical properties. The steel fibers and PNs were found to improve these properties. The UHPC mechanical properties were outstanding at 1.5% fiber dosage, while physical properties were excellent at 1.0% fiber dosage. The mechanical and physical characteristics of UHPC were preferably at a PN dosage of 0.2% and the fiber dosage of 1.0%. The compressive and flexural strengths of straight-steel-fiber UHPC were 145.57 and 19.67 MPa, respectively, i.e., 42.0 and 109.4% higher than those of the reference specimens (i.e., those without fibers or PNs); the water absorption capacity and porosity decreased by 50.1 and 60.7%, respectively. The compressive and flexural strengths of hooked-end-steel-fiber UHPC were 18.3 and 96.0% higher than those of the reference specimens, respectively, and the water absorption capacity and porosity decreased by 43.2 and 29.8%, respectively. These results could provide vital information for the promotion and practical application of UHPC.
Vitamin C regulates skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration by promoting myoblast proliferation through its direct interaction with the Pax7 protein
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Tian Bo , Yu Hong , Li Shuang , Li Shufeng , Su Jingyan , Tong Huili
Published: April 2024

This study shows that VC binds to Pax7 to up-regulate the expression and nuclear translocation of Pax7, thereby up-regulating the expression of Myf5 to promote proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and mice skeletal muscle post-injury regeneration.
Deciphering cycling voltage-dependent failures of O3-layered cathode for sodium ion battery
Authors: Zhao Xuejiao , Zhang Lihan , Wang Xiaoqi , Li Jinhui , Zhang Lin , Liu Di , Yang Rui , Jin Xu , Sui Manling , Yan Pengfei
Published: April 2024

Interfacial degradations dominate the performance decay of O3-layered cathode during low-voltage cycling; high voltage cycling induced bulk failures cause rapid performance decay due to transition metal cation migration.
Photocatalytic ethene synthesis from ethane dehydrogenation with high selectivity by ZnO-supported Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Wenyu , Shi Wenwen , Cai Junjian , Wei Fen , Lin Xiahui , Lu Xuefeng , Ding Zhengxin , Hou Yidong , Zhang Guigang , Wang Sibo
Published: April 2024

A Pt/ZnO photocatalyst is efficient and reusable for ethene production from ethane dehydrogenation with simulated sunlight, affording outstanding C2H4 productivity of 867.8 μmol h−1 g−1 and selectivity of 97.56%.
Enhanced white rot control in garlic bulbil using organic–inorganic hybrid materials as coating membranes
Authors: Bessa Lorena Alves de Melo , Nazário Mariane Luísa Ferreira , Izumi Celly Mieko Shinohara , Constantino Vera Regina Leopoldo , Lourenço Valdir , Lopes Everaldo Antônio , Mizubuti Eduardo Seiti Gomide , Tronto Jairo
Published: April 2024

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials have a range of applications due to their unique properties.
Rational and controllable syntheses of variants of modified N-confused N-fused porphodimethenes and a porphotrimethene with adaptive properties
Authors: Jana Manik , Sahoo Sumit , Kottekad Sanjay , Usharani Dandamudi , Rath Harapriya
Published: April 2024

Striking compromise between flexibility and rigidity via built-in fused tetra pentacyclic moiety (5.5.5.5): Highly stable meso-aryl substituted core modified N-confused N-fused calix[4]phyrin analogues as selective fluoride ion receptors via deprotonation and/or anion recognition mechanism.
The cooperative effect of Co and CoO in Co/CoO enabled efficient catalytic hydrogenation and demethoxylation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol
Authors: Singh Bhupendra Pratap , More Ganesh Sunil , Bal Rajaram , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: April 2024

Guaiacol, a key building block of lignin, which is the intricate glue that holds biomass, was transformed into cyclohexanol, an industrial chemical used as a solvent, nylon precursor, and plasticizer over a Co/CoO catalyst.
A passive star polymer in a dense active bath: insights from computer simulations
Authors: Yadav Ramanand Singh , Sharma Sanaa , Metzler Ralf , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: April 2024

In 2D simulations, we analyze how a passive star polymer in a bath of active Brownian particles influences the nucleation delay of motility induced phase separation, especially in the region where nucleation is crucial for phase separation.
Print-Rich Speech Sound Therapy Sessions: The Theory Behind It and Plans for Implementation
Authors: Moody Mary Allison , Timm-Fulkerson Catherine C. , Westmoreland Jennifer , Dennis Lindsay R. , Farquharson Kelly
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Print knowledge is a powerful predictor of later reading abilities, which are crucial to children's academic success. Children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) are at risk for literacy difficulties. Speech sound therapy is an opportune time to address not only speech sound production but also the connections between speech sounds and their associated letters and letter patterns. This tutorial aims to provide a rich source of evidence to support the use of print and print-referencing in speech sound therapy sessions. We include feasible suggestions for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to facilitate print-rich experiences for children with SSDs. Incorporating orthography into therapy sessions, through activities such as shared book reading, allows SLPs to address speech sound errors while supporting children's literacy development.

Conclusions:

This tutorial provides an overview of the risk of literacy deficits in children with SSDs and describes the theoretical underpinnings of why incorporating print is a powerful learning tool. We expand on the research behind print referencing in preschool classrooms. Finally, we provide detailed examples, including book lists and therapy ideas for a variety of ages, to help SLPs add print referencing to their therapy toolkit.
Disaster scenario optimised link state routing protocol and message prioritisation
Authors: Aliyu Umar , Takruri Haifa , Hope Martin , Gidado Abubakar Halilu , Adamu Hamid Abubakar
Published: April 2024

Natural and artificial (human‐made) disasters have been steadily increasing all over the world, signifying the importance of providing reliable and energy friendly communication network to survivors in the aftermath of a disaster. On the other hand, low‐battery devices running optimised link state routing (OLSR) protocol often experience quick power failure which restricts their ability to communicate for a necessary period during rescue operations. To extend the lifespans and prioritise message delivery on low‐battery devices, the authors examine disaster scenario optimised link state routing (DS‐OLSR) protocol ALERT message and propose an innovative solution to prioritise messages based on the device battery energy level, leading to more energy conservation, packet delivery as well as better emotional state of survivors. An ALERT message is a novel message type added to mobile ad‐hoc network's (MANET) popular OLSR protocol for energy efficiency. The proposed DS‐OLSR Protocol and Message Prioritisation (DS‐OLSRMP) as an extension of DS‐OLSR modifies the multipoint relay mechanism and uses a prioritisation technique which classify nodes into four priority groups: Critical, High, Medium, and Low priorities. These priority groups help in prioritising both message delivery and message status notifications for devices with low battery energy. The DS‐OLSRMP was implemented in a Network Simulator, version 3.29 and compared with DS‐OLSR, OLSRv1 and OLSRv2. The simulation results show that DS‐OLSRMP performs better than DS‐OLSR, OLSRv1 and OLSRv2 in terms of energy conservation and packets delivery in the simulation of both sparse and dense network scenarios.
Changes in humus content on the territory of agricultural lands in the Issyk-Kul basin of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kurenkeev Tolomush , Sariyeva Gulmira , Asanbekova Chynara , Abdyramanova Nazira , Niiazova Rahila
Published: April 2024

The Issyk-Kul valley of Kyrgyzstan has very large diversity of soil types which is developed by complex of abiotic and biotic factors including mountain-valley landscapes and different climatic conditions. We found that there is a process of significant loss of humus content in almost all studied areas of the Issyk-Kul region, both in the upper and lower layers of the soil. The humus content has been significantly decreased in the upper layer of valley soils during the past four decades. Among them, mountain-valley chestnut and dark chestnut soils, represented in the Issyk-Kul region, showed themselves to be the most depleted. Here, the difference in humus content between the top arable and non-arable layers is 40%. More stable humus content is shown in the mountain light chestnut and mountain-valley light brown soils, presented in certain areas of the Ton, Ak-Suu and Tyup districts. Apparently significant decrease in the humus content in chestnut soils is associated with intensive long-term anthropogenic use, including non-compliance with agrotechnical standards.
Modifiedment the Performance of Q-learning Algorithm Based on Parameters Setting for Optimal Path Planning
Authors: Fallooh Noor H. , Sadiq Ahmed T. , Abbas Eyad I. , hashim Ivan A.
Published: April 2024

In engineering, the use of mobile robots to teach automatic control is becoming more common because of the interesting experiments that can be conducted with them. In this paper, a mobile robot that applies reinforcement learning in different scenarios is shown, to get rewards, the agent learns by acting in the environment. creating a balance between new information and our current understanding of the environment. In this way, the algorithm can be divided into two stages: the learning stage and the operational stage. In the first phase, the robot learns how to go from where it is to a known destination, it builds a learning matrix that is subsequently utilized during the operational stage using the rewards and environment data. In this paper, the algorithm was studied in terms of rapid learning for the mobile robot and reducing the process of repetition in learning by specifying the values of alpha (α) and gamma (γ) in a way that is appropriate for preserving the variance and differentiation between them. To evaluate the robot’s adaptability to various dynamic situations, several simulated test scenarios were executed. In the testing situations, several target motion kinds and numbers of obstacles with various dynamicity patterns were used. The test scenarios illustrated the robot’s adaptability to various settings.
Seismic Evaluation of Retrofitting Technique Using Bracing Systems for Steel Multi-Story Building
Authors: Hassan Zainab Q , Al-Wazni Saad
Published: April 2024

A bracing system is the one of effective retrofitting methods for existing high buildings to support the lateral loads. Structural bracings increase the stiffness and stability of the building and the energy dissipation capacity. In this research, the numerical study of retrofitting a multi-story steel building near Imam Ali Holy Shrine in Najaf, Iraq has been conducted. The retrofitting mechanism includes a test of four different bracing systems such as X-bracing, V-bracing, Diagonal-bracing and IV-bracing located in the x and y-axis of the model. The seismic analysis using the elastic response spectrum method was performed for two types of earthquakes, weak and strong. The comparison among different parameters is discussed such as maximum lateral displacement, story drift ratio and base shear values. The seismic load was applied in two axes of the building model simultaneously and the results of the parameters in the x and y-axis were extracted. The results show that the retrofitting using four bracing system types increases the capacity of energy dissipation of the existing building model to seismic load by reducing the maximum lateral displacement in the x-axis by 55%, 44%, 41%, and 30% for X, IV, V and Diagonal-bracing, respectively. However, the X-bracing has a significant increase of the shear base value of the model by 39% and 49% in the x and y-axis, respectively, which means cost-effective compared with the other bracing types. Therefore, the IV-bracing type has an appropriate effect on the strength of the building against seismic load with reasonable cost-effectiveness.
Designing a Deep Autoencoder Neural Network for Detecting Sound Anomalies in Smart Factories Using Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Alagele Zaman Raad Hammadi , Alkafaje Shuhub Ahmed Malik , Jabar Ruaa Satar
Published: April 2024

Modern world technologies such as the integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and machine learning (ML) enhance the challenges of smart industrial management. Detecting anomalies in predictive maintenance within smart factories, and monitoring machine health to prevent unexpected breakdowns. This research presents an advanced model for designing automatic encoders capable of distinguishing between sounds emitted by machines in industrial environments and identifying faults. The MIMII dataset and advanced feature extraction techniques, such as MFCCs, are adopted as key factors in making the proposed model. The four evaluation measures: accuracy, recall, recall, and F1 score, in addition to the confusion matrix, were also adopted. To evaluate the model's performance. The results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed deep neural network model designed for autoencoders in the field of artificial audio classification. With a commendable accuracy rate of 93.95% and F1 score of 95.31%,
Analysis and Simulation of Three-Input DC-DC Converter with Bipolar Symmetric Outputs
Authors: Majeed Narjis Muayad , Hassan Turki Kahawish
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a three-input high-gain DC-DC converter with bipolar symmetric outputs. The advantages of a bipolar DC grid are higher reliability, flexibility, and efficiency as compared with the unipolar DC grid. Therefore, the proposed converter is designed to connect directly with the bipolar DC grid due to its bipolar symmetric outputs. The three input voltage sources to the converter are operated in a sequential manner from the first voltage source to the last one, with each source providing power at a level proportional to its duty cycle. Similarly, when the sources are equal, they operate in a sequential manner with their specific power. In addition, the proposed converter is designed to provide the required power to the grid under both simultaneous or individual from three input voltage sources. A double-loop PI controller is applied to regulate the converter output voltages and the control loop is analyzed and the transfer function relating reference voltage to output voltage is derived. Voltage balance control is provided to ensure that the outputs remain symmetrical despite changes in load conditions or input voltage. A converter with a power rating of 1000W and output voltage levels of 200V, -200V, and 400V is designed. The three supply voltage of 150V,100V, and 75V are used. The converter is tested under a variation of supply voltages and load using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
An Effective Method for Compute the Roughness of Fractal Facades Based on Box-Counting Dimension (Db)
Authors: Al-Janabi Israa Mohsin Kadhim , AL-Mammori Zahraa Ahmed , Abd Mosehab Sabah Mohammed , ALaaraji Fatin.H. , Hussein Aqeel Abdulhasan , Naser Raghda A. , AL-Rubaie Noor
Published: April 2024

Benoit Mandelbrot coined the word “fractal” in the late 1970s, but an object is now defined as fractals in form known to artists and mathematicians for centuries. A fractal object is self-similar in that the subsections of the object are somewhat similar to the whole object. No matter how small the subdivision is, the subsection contains no less detail than the whole. Atypical example of a fractal body is the “snowflake curve” (invented by Helga von Koch (1870-1924) in 1904. There are as many relationships between architecture, the arts, and mathematics as symmetry. The golden ratio, the Fibonacci sequence in this paper explain the method of counting box and measuring the roughness ratio. And small scale analysis after calculating the box to understand fractal concepts, we must know two dimensions. Through analyzing the samples in the research, it has been proven that fractal geometry is present everywhere in our lives in nature, in buildings, and even in plants and its role in architecture is to find fractal systems that appeal to our inclinations for dynamic vitality. Therefore, finding such fractals enables us to create high-performance structures that achieve psychological, aesthetic and environmental aspects in an integrated design. Therefore, Self- Similarity Dimension (Ds) Box-counting Dimension (Db.) All of these dimensions are directly related to the fractional dimension of Mandelbrot (D). In all similar constructions there is a relationship between the scale factor and the number of the smaller pieces the original construction is divided into.
Hydraulic characteristics of gypseous sand soil using modeled oedometer cell
Authors: Saeed Hadeer , Mahmood Mohammed Shakir
Published: April 2024

The current study investigates the permeability of the sand soil using a modified Odometer cell with a constant head connected to a data logger and computer software. The soil sample is taken from the Al-Jameah district in Al-Najaf city, Iraq. The soil is classified as “SP” according to the unified soil classification system, with a gypsum content of 29%. A modified Oedometer with computerized water volume change is adopted. The samples are disturbed and remolded into the Odometer cell with different densities of 90% and 95% of the maximum Proctor dry density and initially dry. Each of the specific density samples is subjected to three different water heads: 80, 100, and 120 cm. The first head (80cm) is applied to the initially dry soil up to a saturated and steady state. While the other heads are subjected after the completion of the first one. The results of the modification are verified with the results in the literature and it is more flexible and accurate due to the digital recording of the data by the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). The results of the water volume change versus time and the coefficient of permeability state that the dry condition (first head) of the specimen is the longest duration of the test for both 90% and 95% density in the change from dry to saturated and then to steady condition. For a 95% density longer than the 90% as expected, but after completing the saturation by the first head, there are method results of the 90% and 95% density, and this may be attributed to the higher water head and/or the effect of the gypsum dissolution.
Design of Miniaturized Microwave Filtering-Balun Component for Wireless Applications
Authors: Zwain Haider , Alkhafaji Naser
Published: April 2024

This research paper introduces a new design being Minkowski-like fractal filtering-balun MLFFB based on the dual-mode ring resonator. The structure has three ports, converting the signal from one unbalanced port to two balanced ports (i.e., 180° phase shift). The proposed design can act as a filter and balun simultaneously using one dual-mode ring resonator. The fractal curves are applied to have compact designs. The 0th, 1st, and 2nd iterations of the Minkowski-like fractal curves are applied to demonstrate the miniaturization ratio obtained in the proposed work. The miniaturization ratios are 47.8% and 73% of the 1st iteration and 2nd iteration of the Minkowski balun-filtering components, respectively, compared to the 0th iteration. Also, the filtering balun has a distinctive feature, which is the control of the phase error and magnitude imbalance of the two balanced ports, depending on the size of the perturbation part. Several structures have been designed, modeled, and analyzed utilizing the Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Each design iteration is evaluated and optimized to attain the best performance. The operating frequency is 2.4 GHz, and the realized transmission coefficients are S21 = -7 dB and S31 = -6.5 dB, which are less than expected ideal values because the substrate is a lossy type, being FR4. The S11 is less than -10 dB. The proposed design is a good candidate for narrow-band wireless applications.
Evaluate Flexible Job Scheduling Problem Using Elitist Ant
Authors: Ali Zainab , Hassan Luma S.
Published: April 2024

One significant approach that is frequently utilized in many applications, particularly in industry, is scheduling .An extension of job scheduling, the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), has a number of real-world uses .This subject has received a lot of attention due to its significance and complexity .This research discusses the importance of scheduling in real-life operations, particularly in production scheduling. It presents a model using Elitist Ant (EAS) to compute the maximum value (makspane) of the flexible job shop scheduling problem(FJSP). The model programmed by Python ver. (3.) with two instance from Brandimarte dataset to optimize logistics costs and meet customer demand. The study deduce that there are two relations by using two new formula. Firstly, the relation between number of elitist ant and total ants . Also, the evaporate value is effected by the first relation directly.
Recycling Process of Copper Alloys
Authors: Hussein Jassim Hussein Zahraa , Fadhil Kadhim Zaineb
Published: April 2024

This work gives a diagram of the copper (cu) reusing handle, from the scrap updating to the softening handle. Developments and unused patterns with respect to the cu reusing innovations are highlighted. Copper reusing offers focal points in terms of natural and financial benefits. The nearness of pernicious pollutions in reused copper combinations is expanding and this is often the most disadvantage in case compared to essential combinations. The nonstop development of undesired components can be moderated by distinctive advances, preparatory operations, and medicines, and by the advancement of the dissolving handle. Downsizing and weakening are conceivable arrangements to reduce the rate of debasements, but they are not sustainable in case the ultimate utilize of Al amalgam persistently increments. The most targets within the advancement of the Al reusing are appeared and examined. In particular, the advancement of preparatory medicines of the scrap, as sorting, comminution and de-coating, is detailed and a audit of the softening innovations is additionally displayed. Be that as it may, the choice of performing preparatory operations to the softening organize, in this way making strides the working conditions amid the heater running, could be a trade-off between costs and handle effectiveness.
Soil Strengthening by Using Cement and Binders for Concrete Constructions at Mudar Al-Janabi’s school in Kufa
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Azeez Alyaa , Raheem Hassen Douread , Ayad Jaafar Azhar
Published: April 2024

There are many methods and devices needed to stabilize the ground, and the commonly used method around the world is to inject soil (cement and additives) in the spaces inside the structure, or to displace liquids and gases of within it. The benefit of this method lies in its economic feasibility by reducing the high costs of the soil replacement process and reducing the risk of collapse of some existing buildings, due to irregular subsidence of the structure. There are many factors that cause the irregular subsidence, such as: high groundwater, degree of acidity, percentage of organic materials, percentage of salts and the composition and components of the soil. More important than that is the building’s load on the soil for existing buildings. Therefore, it is good to inject the soil with soil stabilizing chemicals under the foundations at specific locations depending on the type of project. These materials form a secondary foundation under the original foundation of the building. It helps stabilize the building and resists changes in the soil that cause collapses. Choosing the correct method for deep soil stabilization depends on several conditions such as the type and alternative layers of soil, loading volume, location and type of project and other things. In this research, the latest methods of soil treatment, especially gypsum soil, and the techniques necessary for it using sodium silicate as binder were reviewed and studied. Soil was injected into the Mudar Al-Janabi School, and the cost of this school amounted to more than one and a half billion Iraqi dinars. It was in danger of collapsing because its soil was gypsum, and recommendations were made to demolish it. In terms of economic feasibility, the soil was treated after careful technical and advisory evaluation at a total cost that did not exceed 10 million Iraqi dinars. The injection showed satisfactory results through our follow-up for a year by reducing the collapse of the building through a decrease in the width of the shear cracks in the building walls by 50% and 100% after six months of the first and second phase of the injection, respectively.
Investigation of Seismic Response of Irregular Steel Buildings: A Case Study of U-Shaped Structures
Authors: Abdulsadah Mohammed Halah , Shawky Abdulsahib Wael
Published: April 2024

Tills paper presents a dynamic analysis focusing on the influence of plan shape on tall steel structures. The study specifically investigates the seismic behavior of two 22-story buildings, one with a square plan and the other adopting a U-shaped configuration. Utilizing OpenSEES platform for nonlinear time history analysis, the research sheds light on the impact of plan irregularities on fundamental time periods, displacements, drift ratios, and base shear. Results reveal that the U-shaped building experiences liiglier dynamic response compared to the square shaped reference building, the U-shaped building experiences liiglier time periods across all modes due to increased mass and irregular stiffness distribution in the building's grid. Top story displacements reveal an increase in maximum displacement by 30% compared to the reference structure, showing a non-linear pattern. Inter-story drift ratios had peaks at the 8th and 18th floors showing increments of 43% and 117%. respectively. The time liistoiy response illustrates a liiglier response over time for the U-shaped building, indicating distinct behavioral differences. Base shear time liistoiy revealed liiglier values for the U-shaped building over time, including a 48% increase in maximum base shear compared to the reference building. These findings reveal the significant effect of plan regularity in tall steel building design on the seismic response and the importance of considering it in building design.
Evaluating the perception of virtual reality in historical sites
Authors: Alzubaidy Doaa M. , Abdulmunem Al-Tameemi Osamah
Published: April 2024

Virtual reality (VR) has revolutionized the way we can experience historical sites, providing us with an immersive experience like never before. However, it is crucial to establish evaluation standards to ensure an authentic and engaging experience. This research solves the problem of evaluating perception in virtual reality of historical sites and demonstrates its effectiveness. The hypothesis of the research is clarified by identifying various indicators and factors, such as visual realism, accuracy of historical information, and creating interactive environments for visitors to achieve a realistic perception during their virtual experience of historical sites. The research aims to highlight the effectiveness of virtual reality in historical sites, and its importance in promoting economic tourism, education, documentation, and heritage preservation of buildings with both material and moral values. The historical site (Taq Kisra - Iraq) was chosen as a study area to apply the research indicators and demonstrate the validity of its hypothesis, creating a simulation of the building using 3D programs. After that, (30 samples) of visitors were selected in the applied aspect of the research, and the results of their responses to the virtual experience of the chosen site were counted during their virtual visit to it through a questionnaire that explained the importance of perception indicators for the response to virtual reality, to help us reach results that transport the virtual carpenter to an image closer to reality, achieving immersion and interaction Human. The results confirmed the importance of perception in virtual reality and depend on several indicators and factors. The most important of which are visual realism, sound design, interaction, and accuracy. The visual realism index is one of the most important factors affecting perception. The findings were statistically counted and graphically similar to it, reaching the rate of 87%. This led back to the most significant desired objective: achieving the isolation of perception in virtual reality experiences in historical sites. That aids in transmitting the past with realism and accuracy of information.
An experimental investigation into the characteristics and performance of reactive powder concrete to choose the ideal mix
Authors: Jaafar Azhar Ayad , Azeez Alyaa Abdulrazzaq , Hassen Douread Raheem , Yussof Mustafasanie M
Published: April 2024

reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) originated in the early 1990s as a cutting-edge concrete material renowned for its outstanding strength, durability, and ductility. Its remarkable durability attributes stem from a low water-cement ratio, high density, and elevated strength. With high ductility, RPC exhibits significant deformation capabilities before reaching failure. Additionally, its low porosity contributes to reduced material permeability, enhancing resistance against chemical attack and water infiltration. The primary goal of this experimental investigation is to choose an ideal mix for reactive powder concrete after implementing several experimental mixes based on mixing ratios implemented during previous studies to choose the optimal mix. Subsequently, the chosen mixture underwent testing at 7 days to assess its behavior and mechanical properties, utilizing six standard cylindrical specimens (10*20) cm and six cubes (15*15) cm. The results demonstrated a substantial increase in the ultimate compressive strength of the (RPC) specimen by 72% compared to the Normal Concrete (NC) specimen. Moreover, the tensile strength of the RPC exhibited a 35.4% increase compared to the (NC) specimen. The stress-strain analysis indicated a remarkable 118% increase in the (RPC) specimen's maximum stress compared to the (NC) counterpart. In contrast, the strain values for ordinary concrete rose by 22.5% at the point of maximum stress compared to the RPC specimen. Specifically, the tensile stress of the (RPC) specimen increased by 10% compared to the (NC), accompanied by a 29% uptick in tensile strain for the RPC specimen at the point of maximum stress. Furthermore, the (RPC) specimen demonstrated a 38.2% increase in the Modulus of Elasticity and a 35.7% increase in Poisson's ratio compared to the (NC) specimen.
Experimental investigation of model piles subject to lateral load in cohesionless soil
Authors: Al-Fahham Nabaa A. , Al-Jazaairry Ali A.
Published: April 2024

In this research work, the way piles behave in sandy soil and are exposed to lateral forces was examined experimentally by using several lab examinations. These tests were performed on a model of steel piles, including a closed-ended circular pile, a closed-ended square pile, and an H pile. The outcomes of the experimental tests were presented as load-displacement diagrams to examine how pile length and shape affected lateral load capability. Moreover, along the length of the pile, the bending moments were obtained and presented as relationships between the bending moment and the pile length. Therefore, it can be said that piles' capacity to support lateral loads rises with increasing pile length for each of the study's pile shapes. Additionally, it finds that the H-pile has a greater lateral load capacity and maximum bending moment than other piles.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease Severity: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mohammed Madhat Ibrahem , Kadhim Karrar N. , Mohamed Farhan , Shafry Mohd Rahim Mohd , Najjar Fallah H. , Ramadhan Ali J.
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease emerges as a profoundly distressing neurological condition affecting older individuals, pre-ending itself as an insufficiently addressed and often overlooked ailment that poses a growing concern for public health. In the past decade, there has been a notable surge in endeavors aimed at unraveling the disease’s origins and devising pharmacological interventions. Recent advancements encompass enhanced clinical diagnostic criteria and refined approaches for managing cognitive impairments and behavioral challenges. The pursuit of symptomatic relief primarily centered on cholinergic therapy has been subject to rigorous scrutiny through randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing cognitive function, daily activities, and behavioral aspects. This research delves into the utilization of diverse algorithms for the classification of Alzheimer’s disease severity, employing CNN, DenseNet, VGG19, and ensemble learning approaches. The obtained accuracy scores underscore the supremacy of the Ensemble model, surpassing the performance of the other models with an impressive accuracy level of 94%.