bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hail the Spectator: Embodiment, Injustice, and Film
Authors: Wan Marco
Published: July 2021

How does film move us into caring about injustice, and what role do the qualities specific to the medium play in the process? In this article, I provide an answer to these questions by building on ideas about embodied spectatorship from film studies. I argue that the haptic nature of certain cinematic images can trigger a sensuous, corporeal response to unjust acts and processes in their viewers, and thereby cultivate in them a commitment to justice. I will anchor my argument through a close reading of Wong Jing’s Hail the Judge, a Hong Kong comedy about a woman who is framed for the murder of her family.
Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF
Authors: Levitt B. Blake , Lai Henry C. , Manville Albert M.
Published: July 2021

Ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species — including in aquatic environments — that rely on the Earth’s natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as ‘habitat’ so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced — a subject explored in Part 3.
Experimental and analytical study of bio-based epoxy composite materials for strengthening reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Assih Jules , Ivanova Ivelina
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new approach to strengthen reinforced concrete structures using natural fiber composites. Natural fibers are often used in civil engineering for thermal or acoustic insulation, but rarely are they employed to strengthen structures. Natural fiber composites are constituted of a matrix based on epoxy adhesive and aligned continuous fiber reinforcements. In this study, we investigate several fibers (carbon, hemp, fiberglass, and linen) in tensile and bending tests. The bending results show twice the magnification of the ultimate bending load in a strengthened specimen. The study also evaluates the stress distribution in the structure. In the case of a beam strengthened by a bonded carbon plate, the functioning of an assembly single lap and the optimal anchor length was determined by analogy. The analytical study describes the shear and peel stresses in the adhesive, composite, and concrete joints, revealing the optimum values of shear stress near the ends of the adhesive joint. The same was observed in concrete. The tests showed the influence of strengthening on the ultimate load and stiffness as well as the concentration of shear stresses at the ends of the adhesive joint.
More diversity enGENDERed by African languages: an introduction
Authors: Güldemann Tom , Fiedler Ines
Published: July 2021

We give an overview of current research questions pursued in connection with an ongoing project on nominal classification systems in Africa, with a particular focus on Niger-Congo. We first introduce our cross-linguistically applicable methodological approach which provides new insights into the design of a range of gender systems on the continent. We then apply these ideas to the “noun class” systems of Niger-Congo. We focus on non-canonical phenomena of poorly known languages, which attest to an unexpected systemic diversity beyond the well-known Bantu type and promise to change the synchronic and diachronic perspective on the gender systems of this family.
Imperfect Sound Forever
Authors: DeLaurenti Christopher
Published: July 2021

What is phonography? In this essay, Christopher DeLaurenti, a phonographer with three decades of experience, maps an axiomatic 13-lesson pedagogy through an abbreviated history of field recording, from Jesse Walter Fewkes in 1890 to Tony Schwartz in the early 1960s. This paper surveys various meanings and uses of the term phonography from a text published in 1701 to the formation in 2000 of the phonography listserv, an online community of makers of field recordings. The author, himself an early member of the phonography listserv, discusses three traits to define phonography as a community in the early 2000s: inexpensive recording equipment; a community of knowledge; and the “easy fidelity” made possible by portable and lightweight Digital Audio Tape (DAT) and MiniDisc (MD) recorders. The author contrasts the traits of phonography with elements of soundscape composition as articulated by Barry Truax, Hildegard Westerkamp, and Andra McCartney. The paper concludes by proposing possible elements of post-phonography, including remote control recording, the possibility of voice print identification, and the generation of unimagined data.
Improvising with Architecture
Authors: Collins Nicolas
Published: July 2021

In Pea Soup a self-stabilizing phase shift network nudges the pitch of audio feedback to a different resonant frequency every time the feedback starts to build. The familiar shriek is replaced with unstable patterns of hollow tones, a site-specific raga reflecting the acoustical personality of the room. These architectural melodies can be influenced by movement in the space, other sounds, or even by a draft of cold air. This essay covers the history of the work, from its earliest iteration in hardware when the author was a student in the 1970s through its software reconstruction in the early 2000s, as well as its influence on the author’s subsequent musical projects.
Invisible, as Music / But Positive, as Sound
Authors: Shook Jen
Published: July 2021

This essay reflects upon how teaching with podcasts—as well as students’ creation of audio self-portraits, audio character portraits, and digital presentations of Indigenous playwrights’ work—directed both students and professor to consider identity and positionality in new ways. Riffing on rhetorics of the ocular vs the aural in discussions of identity, performance, and embodiment, here transcultural and transdisciplinary connections emerge to consider listening as a technology for relationality.
DEEP LEARNING TECHNOLOGY OF CONVOLUTIONALNEURAL NETWORKS FOR FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION
Authors: Petrosiuk Denys V. , Arsirii Olena O. , Babilunha Oksana Ju. , Nikolenko Anatolii O.
Published: July 2021

The application of deep learning convolutional neural networks for solving the problem of automated facial expression recognition and determination of emotions of a person is analyzed. It is proposed to use the advantages of the transfer approach to deep learning convolutional neural networks training to solve the problem of insufficient data volume in sets of images with different facial expressions. Most of these datasets are labeled in accordance with a facial coding system based on the units ofhuman facial movement. The developed technology of transfer learning of the public deep learning convolutional neural networksfamilies DenseNet and MobileNet, with the subsequent “fine tuning”of the network parameters, allowed to reduce the training time and computational resources when solving the problem of facial expression recognition without losing the reliability of recognition of motor units. During the development of deep learning technology for convolutional neural networks, the following tasks were solved. Firstly, the choice of publicly available convolutional neural networks of the DenseNet and MobileNet families pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset was substantiated, taking into account the peculiarities of transfer learning for the task of recognizing facial expressions and determining emotions. Secondary, amodel of a deep convolutional neural network and a method for its training have been developed for solving problems of recognizing facial expressions and determining human emotions, taking into account the specifics of the selected pretrained convolutional neural networks. Thirdly, the developed deep learning technology was tested,and finally, the resource intensity and reliability of recognition of motor units on the DISFA set were assessed. The proposed technology of deep learning of convolutional neural networks can be used in the developmentof systems for automatic recognition of facial expressions and determination of humanemotions for both stationary and mobile devices. Further modification of the systems for recognizing motor units of human facial activity in order to increase the reliability of recognition is possible using of theaugmentation technique.
A novel approach to a rare case of non-islet cell hypoglycaemia
Authors: Dharmaputra R K , Wan K L , Samad N , Herath M , Wong J , Sarlos S , Holdsworth S R , Naderpoor N
Published: July 2021

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of non-islet cell hypoglycaemia. Treatment of this condition is complex and typically involves long-term use of glucocorticoids. Immunotherapy may provide an alternative in the management of this autoimmune condition through the suppression of antibodies production by B-lymphocyte depletion. We present a case of a 62-year-old male, with refractory hypoglycaemia initially presenting with hypoglycaemic seizure during an admission for acute psychosis. Biochemical testing revealed hypoglycaemia with an inappropriately elevated insulin and C-peptide level and no evidence of exogenous use of insulin or sulphonylurea. Polyethylene glycol precipitation demonstrated persistently elevated free insulin levels. This was accompanied by markedly elevated anti-insulin antibody (IA) titres. Imaging included CT with contrast, MRI, pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound and Ga 68-DOTATATE position emission tomography (DOTATATE PET) scan did not reveal islet cell aetiology for hyperinsulinaemia. Maintenance of euglycaemia was dependent on oral steroids and dextrose infusion. Complete resolution of hypoglycaemia and dependence on glucose and steroids was only achieved following treatment with plasma exchange and rituximab.

Learning points

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) should be considered in patients with recurrent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in whom exogenous insulin administration and islet cell pathologies have been excluded.

Biochemical techniques play an essential role in establishing high insulin concentration, insulin antibody titres, and eliminating biochemical interference. High insulin antibody concentration can lead to inappropriately elevated serum insulin levels leading to hypoglycaemia.

Plasma exchange and B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab and immunosuppression with high dose glucocorticoids are effective in reducing serum insulin levels and hypoglycaemia in insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS).

Based on our observation, the reduction in serum insulin level may be a better indicator of treatment efficacy compared to anti-insulin antibody (IA) titre as it demonstrated greater correlation to the frequency of hypoglycaemia and to hypoglycaemia resolution.
Characterization of an early 20th century Chinese manuscript with foxing stains
Authors: Li Jing , Li Yuhu , Luo Yujia , Terigele  , Jia Zhihui , Fu Peng
Published: July 2021

Foxing spots are reddish-brown, brown, or yellowish spots in irregular shapes that are commonly discovered on paper materials. Effects of such foxing spots on degradation of Chinese papers have rarely been reported. In this study, a 20th century Chinese manuscript with few foxing stains was examined to explore the cause of stain formation. The paper areas with foxing stains were more acidic than those without the stains, while no obvious differences in cellulose crystallinity and iron and copper contents were observed when comparing paper areas with and without foxing spots via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), respectively. For further exploration, few fungal hyphae and spores in various sizes were observed using SEM, leading to increased mean roughness of the paper surface for the foxed area. This is further supported by the presence of amide II in the foxed area only, as detected via attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Fungal culture was then carried out to demonstrate that fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria solani were present. This research provides an improved understanding of the effects of foxing spots on Chinese archives and informs of further conservation efforts.
Yearning for learning: Engaging the Disengaged Through Socially Inclusive University-Community Partnerships
Authors: Broadbent Carolyn
Published: July 2021

Social injustices are often experienced by marginalised groups in Australia today. There are limited opportunities for these people to participate in learning experiences within a supportive environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of one strong university-community partnership initiative called the Clemente Canberra program that works with community agencies to promote the value of learning throughout life. The paper covers organisational procedures related to the program components, selection processes, teaching and learning strategies, role of learning partners and the management of challenging behaviours and risk. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the program in building new knowledge and skills and increasing the participants’ level of achievement, confidence and sense of self-efficacy.
Didactics: Between Modernity and Tradition
Authors: Cheradi Nadia , Sahraoui Intissar , Amour Mustapha , Gahar Sabrina
Published: July 2021

Didactics tries to deduce teaching procedures from the structure of the object to be taught. It will work mainly on the organization of the knowledge to be taught by renewing the concepts of pedagogy and creating devices for learning. If the structure of the educational triangle remains invariable between the teacher, the pupil and knowledge, then, its forms are in continuous evolution. At present, didactics relies on new technology. In parallel, the main importance of teacher-pupil transfer movements that influence the learning process. The latter is also related to teachers’ education and the contribution of new technology.
The Russian World and the System of National Values in the Social Philosophy of Russia
Authors: Teplykh Nikita V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. This study examines the peculiarity of the phenomenon of the “Russian world” as a complex socio-value phenomenon of the existence of the Russian society. From the time of ancient Russian society to the present, many important value dominants of “Russianness” retain their identity and relevance. Russian social thought has clearly identified the main axiological themes of modernity: collectivism, spirituality, religiosity, and the traditional nature of human social existence. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze the issues of the correlation of the national values of Russians and the ideas of the “Russian world” in the socio-philosophical context of the Russian philosophical tradition. Materials and Methods. The issues of a systematic and integrated approach to the problems of identifying the specifics of Russian philosophy and its representation of the phenomenon of the value dominants of the Russian world are methodologically quite debatable. However, most of the concepts of social philosophy in Russia in this regard analyze this issue from a value-normative position. The comparative-historical and complex approaches in the methodology of solving the problems of research of the “Russian world” are considered important. The results of the study. The specifics of the topic under consideration affect both socio-axiological and socio-cultural trends in the development of Russian society from its origins to the present day. The systematic resolution of the polemics around the phenomena and elements of the “Russian world” in philosophy and historical science is concentrated in the perspective of the continuous development of Russian social thought. This feature allows us to reveal the value of traditionalism and continuity of the Russian society. Discussion and Conclusion. In the context of dynamically changing trends of our time, it is important to identify the current issues of preserving the traditions and value “codes” of Russian society. The problems of continuity and influence of the ideas of the “Russian world” had a significant impact on the social thought of Russia. Many of the value bases of the existence of Russians have proved vital to this day: collectivism, spirituality, and tradition are an important asset of public Russian thought.
Mining Possession in Russia in the Confrontation Between the State and Factory Owners at the Turn of the XIX and XX Centuries
Authors: Neklyudov Evgeny G.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The study is aimed at determining the importance of the legal factor in the development of large-scale industrial production in a developing economy. It is devoted to the study of the unique possession law in the mining industry of the Russian Empire. Materials and Methods. On the basis of the documentation of the commissions and institutions of the mining department, legislation, journalism and scientific literature, the history of the preparation of the reform of possession law in the mining industry in Russia is reconstructed, covering the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the essence of this restrictive right, which extended to the factories of the Urals, Zamoskovye and the Caucasus. Results and Discussion. It is shown that the views of the state and breeders-possessors initially coincided on the need to abolish the possession rights, but fundamentally differed in terms of its qualifications, which was reflected in the development of a reform option that suited both parties. At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries this led to an open confrontation between the state and the plant owners, who advocated alternative projects of redemption or opening of the possessions. Conclusion. In this situation, the general reform of possession law was replaced by a fairly effective practice of individual removal from factories of an obsolete legal status.
Rankings universitarios internacionales: aplicación de indicadores a la producción científica de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas en Scopus, 2015- 2019
Authors: Ramos Hernández Cynthia , Peralta González María Josefa
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Se aplican indicadores de rankings universitarios internacionales en la producción científica institucional, para contribuir a mejorar el posicionamiento universitario a escala internacional. Metodología: El diseño es cuantitativo y se combinaron técnicas bibliométricas con el análisis documental. Primeramente se describe el posicionamiento cubano en el Scimago Institutions Ranking (SIR) a nivel global y en las dimensiones de indicadores, luego se caracteriza la producción científica de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas (UCLV), indizada en Scopus mediante algunos indicadores del Scimago Institutions Ranking (SIR). Finalmente se compararon los indicadores de liderazgo, acceso abierto, número de citas y excelencia entre la UCLV y la Universidad de La Habana (UH) con el objetivo de caracterizar las posiciones obtenidas en el SIR. Resultados: Es cercano el posicionamiento de la UCLV y la UH en el SIR, sin embargo son relevantes las diferencias de la producción científica de la UH con respecto a la UCLV. La UCLV tiene dos facultades que aportan la mayor producción científica en Scopus (FMFC y FQF) y en total la institución obtuvo bajos resultados en los indicadores del  SIR aplicados. Al menos el 50% de la producción científica se realizó con liderazgo.  Conclusiones: La aplicación de indicadores de rankings universitarios internacionales a nivel meso posibilita una mejor compresión y acercamiento a las posiciones obtenidas por las universidades en el SIR. Ofrece información sobre qué aspectos tener en cuenta para mejorar el posicionamiento y por tanto la visibilidad internacional de las universidades. El estudio es pionero en la aplicación de indicadores de ranking en instituciones cubanas para contribuir a mejorar su posicionamiento a escala internacional.
Comparison of the performance of a domestic solar water heater in different climates in Algeria
Authors: Baki Touhami
Published: July 2021

A simulation with TRNSYS of an individual solar water heater for the hot water needs of an average family in Algeria was made; three cities of different climates were chosen to the north on the coast, in the highlands and in a desert region, the solar water heater consists of a flat panel of 4m² and a storage tank of 300 liters, a back-up electrical energy is activated when solar radiations are insufficient or during the night, the consumption of domestic hot water leaving the tank at 60 °C follows a typical profile, the results show significant performance in the south and similar data in the north and in the highlands.
Old Forests from Dobrogea’s Plateau
Authors: Vechiu Emilia , Dinca Lucian , Breabăn Iuliana Gabriela
Published: July 2021

From the oldest times, the forest has been the main food, shelter and energy source, playing an essential role in the development of human societies. Old stands are characterized by their long life, large heights and diameters and by their help in conserving biodiversity. The surfaces occupied by old stands have decreased lately because of their wood mass high value which leads to exploitation. This is furthermore coupled with climate changes, urbanization and human influences. These stands occupy a surface of 128.500 ha in the forests from Dobrogea’s Plateau, where broad-leaved species are preponderant (Quercus sp., Fraxinus ornus, Tilia tomentosa, Acer sp.). As such, the present paper intends to characterize the oldest stands from Dobrogea’s Plateau with the help of forest management plans realized during 1993-2007. The main characteristics analyzed in this study for stands older than 120 years were: location, surface, height, diameter, structure, forest type, soil type, altitude, exposition, slope and consistency. Stand older than 100 years occupy only 4% of the total surface and are composed of linden, brown oak and pedunculate oak which grow and develop on common luvisols.
Current Status and Challenges of Microalgae as an Eco-Friendly Biofuel Feedstock: A Review
Authors: Mishra Neha , Mishra Saurabh , Prasad Ranu
Published: July 2021

Global warming, depleting energy reserve and raising demand have created a upsurge for alternative and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Currently, microalgae have recognized as a promising biofuel feedstock’s due to the several unique characteristics includes high productivity, no competition for arable land, fresh water and high CO2 sequestration efficiency. High caloric value, low density and low viscosity make it promising source of renewable energy. They also serve the dual purpose of biofuel production along with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which could be utilize for phyco-remediation, food, animal feeds, fertilizers, drugs etc. In spite of huge opportunity, only few algae species were investigated till date. This review paper presents the brief view on the potential of microalgae for biofuel feedstock, different culturing system, algal conversion technology. In addition, hurdles in commercialization of algal based biofuel technology and strategies were also discussed.
Research on the infiltrations in an earth dam. Case study: Cuibul Vulturilor Reservoir, Vaslui County, Romania
Authors: Balan Ioan , Hogaș Horațiu , Crenganiș Loredana , Balan Isabela , Corduneanu Flaviana , Țopa Denis
Published: July 2021

The dam of the reservoir Cuibul Vulturilor, located on the Tutova river is an inhomogeneous earth dam with a maximum height of 15.0 m, with a clayey central core and lateral prisms made of clayey-dusty sands. For tracking the evolution of body dam seepage, 12 piezometers and a drainage pipe with discharge in the downstream connection channel of the bottom outlet are used. The paper presents the characteristic elements of the theoretical infiltration curve in the dam It also shows the hydro isohypses for the dam drawn with SURFER program, using the maximum hydrostatic levels in the piezometers measured in the year 2019. The distribution of the hydro isohypses across the dam is strongly influenced by the location of the piezometers and the other point of measuring the hydraulic head. The pattern circulation of the infiltration water inside the dam body could be studied with increased accuracy, if the dam had been equipped with several piezometers. Even in these conditions, it is clearly observed that the regime of infiltrations through the dam body is similar to the theoretical way of behavior.
Terrorism and Jihad in Islamic Perspective
Authors: Putra Doly Andhika , Sumaryani Ni Made
Published: July 2021

Being the most discussed issue in various parts of the world (including Indonesia), Terrorism is considered contrary to humanitarian understanding, which causes losses, both economically, politically, and psychologically. The issue of Terrorism has recently become a hot topic of public discussion. The reason is that terrorists massively use the word Jihad as a justification for their actions. This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach as the primary writing approach. In-depth search for various literature appropriate to the discussion of Jihad and Terrorism from an Islamic point of view. Religion is one of the motivations for a person to join a terror group. Religion is one reason that encourages the emergence of Terrorism due to the oppression that occurs in religion in a specific country. Call it Syria, which is famous for its wars; from there, terrorist groups spread to Indonesia by igniting the spirit of Jihad as citizens who share the same religion share the same fate. After a deeper investigation, the Jihad often campaigned by terror groups is not like Jihad from an Islamic point of view.
Robert Pippin, Metaphysical Exile: On J.M. Coetzee’s Jesus Fictions.
Authors: Abraham Ibrahim
Published: July 2021

Robert Pippin, Metaphysical Exile: On J.M. Coetzee’s Jesus Fictions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 137, ISBN: 9780197565940 (hbk). US$74.00.
Implementation of sulfuric acid leaching for aluminum and iron removal for improvement of low-grade silica from quartz sand of Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiyono Eko , Handayani Murni , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Irawan Januar , Febriana Eni , Firdiyono Florentinus , Yustanti Erlina , Sembiring Safetyana Nazaretha , Nugroho Firdaus , Muslih Ersan Yudhapratama
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has very abundant reserves of silica, but progressive studies on the deposition of this material are very few, resulting in limited applications of silica. This work refers to the purification of silica from quartz sand originated from Sukabumi, Indonesia to obtain high-purity silica, which can be applied as important raw materials for special purposes. The aim of our research is to improve low-grade silica from quartz sand by removing impurities, especially aluminum and iron removal, using sulfuric acid leaching. In order to achieve the aim, the effect of reaction time and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching process was investigated. The effectiveness of sulfuric acid for the impurities removal was observed. The chemical composition of the samples before and after leaching was studied using X-ray fluorescence. The mineralogical analysis of the starting materials and the products was conducted using X-ray diffraction. Microstructure analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, and EDS test was used to show the element composition at different points. The experimental results show that the optimum condition of the leaching process occurs at a reaction time of 5 hours with a sulfuric acid concentration of 10 N. The silica levels increase from 93.702 % to 96.438 %. Aluminum and iron impurities reduced from 4.691 % to 2.712 % and from 0.641 % to 0.094 %, respectively. At this optimum point, sulfuric acid is very effective to remove aluminum and iron impurities up to 42 % and 85 %, respectively. The results of this research can be a very significant opportunity to increase the value added of quartz sand from Sukabumi, which can enhance the quality of low-grade silica to provide better raw materials for glass industries.
Assessment of speech intelligibility in university lecture rooms of different sizes using objective and subjective methods
Authors: Prodeus Arkadiy , Didkovska Maryna
Published: July 2021

The scores of speech intelligibility, obtained using objective and subjective methods for three university lecture rooms of the small, medium, and large sizes with different degrees of filling, were presented. The problem of achieving high speech intelligibility is relevant for both students and university administration, and for architects designing or reconstructing lecture rooms. Speech intelligibility was assessed using binaural room impulse responses which applied an artificial head and non-professional quality audio equipment for measuring. The Speech Transmission Index was an objective measure of speech intelligibility, while the subjective evaluation of speech intelligibility was carried out using the articulation method.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of parameters of impulse response as a measure of speech intelligibility showed that Early Decay Time exceeded the score of the T30 reverberation time but was ineffective in a small lecture room. The C50 clarity index for all the considered lecture rooms was the most informative. Several patterns determined by the influence of early sound reflections on speech intelligibility were detected. Specifically, it was shown that an increase in the ratio of the energy of early reflections to the energy of direct sound leads to a decrease in speech intelligibility. The exceptions are small, up to 30‒40 cm, distances from the back wall of the room, where speech intelligibility is usually slightly higher than in the middle of the room. At a distance of 0.7–1.7 m from the side walls of the room, speech intelligibility is usually worse for the ear, which is closer to the wall. The usefulness of the obtained results lies in refining the quantitative characteristics of the influence of early reflections of sound on speech intelligibility at different points of lecture rooms.
Design of liquid composite materials for shielding electromagnetic fields
Authors: Glyva Valentyn , Bakharev Volodymyr , Kasatkina Natalia , Levchenko Oleg , Levchenko Larysa , Burdeina Nataiia , Guzii Sergii , Panova Olena , Tykhenko Oksana , Biruk Yana
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the principles of design and the examined protective properties of liquid materials for shielding the electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range. The materials were made on the basis of iron ore concentrate and a pigment additive, with water-dispersed and geopolymer paints used as a matrix. The tests of protective properties for the electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency showed that the electric field shielding coefficients at a concentration of the screening substance of 15−60 % (by weight) equaled 1.1−8.6; magnetic field – 1.2−5.3. The shielding coefficients of the material based on a water-dispersed paint are lower than those of a geopolymer one, which can be explained by the oxidation of an iron-containing component and a decrease in electrical conductivity. The shielding coefficients of the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2.45 GHz are 1.2−7.9. The highest coefficients are inherent in the material with filler made of iron ore concentrate and titanium-containing pigment powder in a ratio of 1:1.
To design materials with the required (predictable) protective properties, the relative magnetic, dielectric permeability of materials was calculated. It is shown that the obtained data are acceptably the same as the results from direct measurements of magnetic and dielectric permeability and could be used to calculate the wave resistance of the material and the predicted reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. Thus, there is reason to assert the need to build a database on the frequency dependence of effective magnetic and dielectric permeability in order to automate the design processes of composite materials with predefined protective properties.
Improving the wear resistance of heavy-duty elements in tribomechanical systems by a combined laser-thermochemical processing method
Authors: Kindrachuk Myroslav , Dukhota Oleksandr , Тіsov Oleksandr , Korbut Evgen , Yurchuk Alina , Kharchenko Volodymyr , Naumenko Nila
Published: July 2021

This paper reports an analysis of the state of tribological support in the aviation industry. The use of surface strengthening technologies to extend the resource of friction node parts has been prioritized. Modern combined technologies of nitriding and laser treatment of steel surfaces have been reviewed. The mechanism has been elucidated that damages steel 30H2NVFA in the jackscrew actuator of transport aircraft flaps, which occurs due to insufficient surface hardness of the material after a generally accepted heat treatment. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis revealed a high concentration of oxygen on the surface: up to 41.4 at. %; the friction surface carbonation has been detected, especially significant at the surface of the pitting damage. A comprehensive technology of surface strengthening by nitriding+laser selective hardening has been suggested. The radiation power was 1 KW, the diameter of the focus spot was 2.5 mm, and the pitch between the focus spot centers was 2.5 mm. The total area of laser processing was 70 %. The steel temperature exceeded Ас3 and corresponded to the hardening temperature range. The depth of the nitrided layer increased to 400 µm, the maximum hardness on the surface was 1,350–1,380 HV0.2. The formation of a solid nitrided layer with a thickness of 200‒250 µm was observed, as well as a transition zone composed of column-shaped iron nitrides, which are introduced into the matrix material. As a result, a sharp gradient in the mechanical properties disappears. The tests confirmed that the wear resistance of the comprehensively treated surface was 2.1 times higher under dry friction conditions, and 4.5 times higher when lubricated with the "Era" grease (RF), compared with the 30H2NVFA steel nitrided by the conventional technology. In addition, there was no fragile destruction of the surface; the interaction with oxygen reduced significantly
Development of the set models and a method to form information spaces of scientific activity subjects for the steady development of higher education establishments
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Kuchansky Alexander , Andrashko Yurii , Omirbayev Serik , Mukhatayev Aidos , Faizullin Adil , Toxanov Sapar
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the basic conceptual apparatus required to form information spaces for scientific activity subjects. Multiple models have been built to identify collective and individual scientific activity subjects, including information on the subjects' publication citations, their abstracts, as well as their indicators in scientometric databases, etc. A conceptual scheme of interaction between collective and individual scientific activity subjects has been described, taking into consideration the dynamics of their productivity.
A method has been proposed to form the information spaces for the collective and individual scientific activity subjects such as higher education establishments and scientists. The method involves a series of stages to identify and construct citation and scientific cooperation networks, to form subject scientific spaces, and, based on them, to devise methods in order to quantify productivity. The results of methods application form the components of the relevant information spaces of scientific activity subjects. The spaces to be built could be used to solve the task of selecting subjects for the implementation of joint scientific and educational projects. In addition, these spaces could be applied to form the organizational and functional framework of the collective scientific activity subjects, including their structural units, which would contribute to ensuring their stable development.
Creating the information spaces of scientific activity subjects underlies resolving those issues that would stimulate investment in research and innovation, strengthen cooperation between universities, improve the efficiency and productivity of the scientific enterprise. It has been confirmed experimentally that the potential of a collective subject of scientific activity, including individual subjects, the rate of change of identifiers of whom is positive, would have a non-negative potential. A rate of change in the normalized indicators of identifiers of individual and collective scientific activity subjects has been calculated for the period from January 2019 to December 2020 for three higher education establishments
Devising technology for dairy products involvinglow-esterified pectin products
Authors: Nabiyeva Zhanar , Zhexenbay Nurshash , Iskakova Galiya , Kizatova Maigul , Akhmetsadykova Shynar
Published: July 2021

The issue relatedto removing heavy and radioactive metals from the body is relevant all over the world. Chemical preparations for removing heavy metals and radionuclides are not effective enough, causing the depletion of trace elements in the body. It is effective to use substances contained in natural foods that do not cause side effects and provide for protective action. These substances include pectin, safe natural detoxifying agents that remove toxins from the body.
When processing fruits and vegetables, pectin remains in the pomace thatis valuable for obtaining competitive products. There are techniques to produce pectin from plant raw materials by using enzymes that are harmless to health. The use of pectin concentrates in combination with dairy raw materials makes it possible to obtain biologically complete products with functional properties.
A concentrate containing 5 %of pectin was used in the study reported in this paper.
Raw materials were studied in terms of important indicators of their quality and safety, to determine their suitability and further use in yogurt technology. The formulations of yogurts have been devisedinvolving the application of low-esterified beet pectin concentrate, whose degree of etherification is 34.7 % and the complex-forming capacity is 290 mg Рb2+/g. It has been established that the most optimal sample contains pectin in the amount of 0.5 % per milk mass. To preserve the vitamin composition, the yogurts were prepared under the classic pasteurization regime of 72 to 75 °C with a 20 s aging.
In the future, the industrial implementation of the devised technologies and formulations of pectin-containing dairy products could provide the population with products that have functional properties and contribute to the prevention of socially significant diseases
Determining the influence of structural and operational parameters of a double bearing on the thickness of its disc
Authors: Nazin Vladimir
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the main advantages of hydrostatic dynamic bearings of the double type, which have several lubricant films. It is indicated that they have an increased carrying capacity, by 1.8 times, and an extended range of stable operation, by 1.5 times, compared to conventional sleeve bearings with one lubricating film. The importance of determining the thickness of the bearing disk has been demonstrated, as it affects its durability. The goal was to investigate the impact of changes in the operational and structural parameters of a double bearing on the thickness of its disk. A sequence for determining the disk thickness has been proposed, including a joint solution to Reynolds equations, the balance of work fluid flow rate, as well as determining the loads acting on a bearing disk, which makes it possible to rationally assign the thickness of the bearing disk. The most common and effective methods of successive approximations have been used in the numerical implementation of Reynolds equations and flow rate balances. The action of centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the disk has been taken into consideration in determining the total load acting on the bearing disk. The bending strength of the bearing disk was considered under its exposure to the total load. It was noted that due to the high flow rate of the working liquid pumped through the bearing, and the small change in the temperature of the liquid inside the bearing, the temperature deformations of the disk were not taken into consideration. The magnitude of change in the thickness of the double bearing disk has been determined, caused by the action of centrifugal forces in the examined range of angular speeds of the disk's rotation with the shaft.
The reported results could be especially useful in the design of rotor supports for nuclear power plants where bearings have large dimensions, as well as for other units in power plants.
Development of the method for encoding service data in cryptocompression image representation systems
Authors: Barannik Vladimir , Sidchenko Serhii , Barannik Natalia , Barannik Valeriy
Published: July 2021

The demand for image confidentiality is constantly growing. At the same time, ensuring the confidentiality of video information must be organized subject to ensuring its reliability with a given time delay in processing and transmission. Methods of cryptocompression representation of images can be used to solve this problem. They are designed to simultaneously provide compression and protection of video information. The service component is used as the key of the cryptocompression transformation. However, it has a significant volume. It is 25 % of the original video data volume. A method for coding systems of service components in a differentiated basis on the second cascade of cryptocompression representation of images has been developed. The method is based on the developed scheme of data linearization from three-dimensional coordinates of representation in a two-dimensional matrix into a one-dimensional coordinate for one-to-one representation of this element in a vector. Linearization is organized horizontally line by line. On the basis of the developed method, a non-deterministic number of code values of information components is formed. They have non-deterministic lengths and are formed on a non-deterministic number of elements. The uncertainty of positioning of cryptocompression codograms in the general code stream is provided, which virtually eliminates the possibility of their unauthorized decryption. The method provides a reduction in the volume of the service component of the cryptocompression codogram. The service data volume is 6.25 % of the original video data volume. The method provides an additional reduction in the volume of cryptocompression representation of images without loss of information quality relative to the original video data on average from 1.08 to 1.54 times, depending on the degree of their saturation
Development of a model of a subsystem for forecasting changes in data transmission routes in special purpose mobile radio networks
Authors: Divitskyi Andriy , Salnyk Serhii , Hol Vladyslav , Sydorkin Pavlo , Storchak Anton
Published: July 2021

This research addressed the issue of improving the quality of service for the control system of mobile radio networks. The analysis of the forecasting sphere concerning the methods of service quality of mobile radio networks for special purposes, in particular, forecasting the time of congestion of data transmission routes is carried out. It is found that these methods are used in wired and computer networks operating at the network and data link levels. The basic parameters of the protocols of the channel and network layers of mobile radio networks are highlighted. Forecasting methods are analyzed: temporal extrapolation, causality, expert, and the main disadvantages are indicated. A model of a control system for mobile radio networks with a forecasting subsystem is shown. The features of mobile radio networks, which form the requirements for routing methods, are described. A lot of requirements have been put forward for the model of a control system for mobile radio networks. The structure of a model of a control system for mobile radio networks with an improved forecasting subsystem is proposed. On the basis of genetic algorithms, the tasks that arise in the process of identification, training and forecasting in the forecasting subsystem are solved. The operation of the processes consists in building a base of rules aimed at identifying significant dependencies in a time series based on the use of a genetic algorithm. It is based on the use of evolutionary principles to find the optimal solution. Application of the proposed model will allow real-time identification and will significantly improve the quality of service for mobile radio networks. It will increase the speed and volume of data processed during training, improve the quality and reliability of predicting changes in data transmission routes