bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Selfish Man Wise?: Considerations of Context in Proverbs 10.1-22.16 With Special Regard To Surety, Bribery and Friendship
Authors: Scherer Andreas
Published: March 2007

Some verses within Prov. 10.1-22.16 that are concerned with the topics of offering surety, bribery and friendship seem to support a self-seeking and ruthless attitude towards life. However, the respective contexts of the verses in question contradict such an interpretation by stressing the great importance of responsible thought and action. On the one hand, a person has to cope with the challenges of daily life. Since one is in the first place responsible for one's own welfare and the welfare of the family, committed to one's care, one can afford no exaggerated scrupulosity. On the other hand, a person is equally obliged to the principles of righteousness, which imply loyalty to the poor and abstaining from unjust practices and wicked intentions.
The Dispersion of Kinship Ties in Modern Society: Contemporary Data and Historical Speculation
Authors: Fischer Claude S.
Published: March 2007

This essay uses a 1977 survey of social networks to describe "modern" California kinship. Respondents' active relations with kin outside the household— relations involving existing or likely exchanges-tend to be geographically dispersed and focused on immediate kin, especially parents and adult children; extended kin ties are largely latent. The degree of dispersion varies systematically with respondent characteristics; notably, the more educated respondents tended to have the most dispersed networks and to be least dependent on kin. Assuming that this pattern is indeed a "modern" development, the article examines alternative explanations for its appearance and speculates that it may have been most stimu lated by twentieth-century developments in space-transcending technologies.
Servants and the Household Unit in an Elizabethan English Community
Authors: McIntosh Marjorie K.
Published: March 2007

During the early modern period many English young people spent five to ten years as servants, leaving their parental families in their teens to live with and work for another household until they were financially able to set up their own homes, usually in their mid- or late twenties. Servants were employed in agriculture, crafts, retailing, and domestic work. The place of servants in the large manor of Havering, Essex, 1560-1620, may be examined through a listing of communicants by household unit, parish registers, and other local records. The mean projected household size in the urbanized parish of Romford was 4.2 people, including 0.9 servants. Servants constituted about 20 percent of the total population; around 40 percent of all households included a servant. Havering's servants gained occupational training, accumulated cash and goods, and often formed lasting friendships with their masters and peers.
Migration and the Family in Colonial New England: the View From Genealogies
Authors: Adams John W. , Kasakoff Alice Bee
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the migrations of the married men of six New England families from 1620 to 1850 using published genealogies as the data source. Their location at the time of vital events is used to investigate (1) per sistence rates; (2) distances between fathers, sons, and brothers during their life times ; and (3) the extent to which kin were found in the same community. Our data show more mobility than do town studies and reveal the importance of the nuclear family over more distant kin.
Family Economies in Agrarian Mexico, 1750-1910
Authors: Tutino John
Published: March 2007

Studies of Mexican agrarian history long have focused on great estates and peasant communities, institutions presumed to dominate rural life. This essay suggests, however, that the agrarian poor first organized their lives in families—groups that dealt creatively with powerful people and institutions. It explores the ways the rural poor organized family economies not wholly subject to either great estates or villages. The conclusion is that family organization allowed the agrarian majority more independence from elites and powerful insti tutions than is generally accepted.
The Marriage Alliance in the Roman Elite
Authors: Dixon Suzanne
Published: March 2007

Elite marriage in Rome in the late Republic and early Empire was con tracted between noble houses of equivalent status, often for immediate political gains. Contrary to views advanced by some scholars, spouses nonetheless enter tained strong expectations of conjugal loyalty and happiness but marriage was relatively fragile. Power was vested in the older generation rather than men as such. A separate matrimonial regime was usually maintained during marriage and dowry was essentially recoverable on divorce or widowhood. Upper class women were therefore relatively independent although they subordinated in dividual preference to corporate interests. Their primary loyalty was to their natal kin but they observed the obligation to redistribute their dowry and patrimony in the following generation to their children, who belonged to the father's lineage.
Images of Kinship
Authors: Wheaton Robert
Published: March 2007

This article surveys representations of kin in trans-alpine Western Europe from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century, with particular attention to the Netherlands and Germany. In the Middle Ages most such images occurred in a religious context where kin appeared in funeral monuments or as donors in devotional images. In the sixteenth century kin images were transformed under the influence of Erasmian Christian humanism and Protestantism into apparently secular portraits. Interpreted on a symbolic level, however, they reflect the set of values that kinship ideally supported: the family as an institution, sustaining the moral, spiritual, and material well-being of its members from generation to generation. The symbolic expression of these values shifted from a basically religious idiom in the sixteenth century to a naturalistic one in the eighteenth The changing treatment of dead members of the family is considered in this light.
Household and Family On the Castilian Meseta: the Province of Cuenca From 1750 To 1970
Authors: Reher David Sven
Published: March 2007

The present article presents some of the more salient results of a research project on family and society in the province of Cuenca in Spain between the eighteenth century and 1970. Based fundamentally, though not exclusively, on the Laslett-Hammel classification system, the data gathered reveal the overwhelming predominance of simple family forms throughout the province and in different social groups, as well as the lack of any fundamental evolution during the more than 200 years studied. The determinants of the system, its implications, as well as the reasons for its long-term stability, are all examined in the light of demographic, economic, geographical and cultural factors.
Fertility Patterns Among Soviet Immigrants To Israel: the Role of Cultural Variables
Authors: Ben-Barak Shalvia
Published: March 2007

The conclusion of research on the European fertility decline that cultural vari ables play a significant role is supported by questionnaire data from a study of 1979-1980 Soviet immigrants to Israel. The study was carried out using a causal model with path analysis and latent variables, and revealed that the specific number of children in a Soviet family was determined by family attitudes and values about the role and status of the woman in the family, by the number of children in the parental home, and by the amount of assistance the parents gave to the young couple. The causal model enabled the measurement of the relative direct and indirect effects of cultural variables.
Women, Family, and the Law, 1750-1942
Authors: Saraceno Chiara
Published: March 2007

The period under examination witnessed the process of constitution and stabi lization of the nation-state and the first stages in the development of modern social legislation. This period was characterized by intense legislative activity on the part of the state in the areas of family relations and the status of women both within and outside of the family. Although the nuclear family structure was strengthened from the legal point of view, the authority of males/ husbands over women was increased. The priority accorded to women's familial role was supported not only by the regulations contained in the civil and criminal codes concerning social conjugal relations and the practice of sexuality, but also by the laws governing access to labor, labor relations, and hours. The gradual extension of state intervention to areas concerning relations and behavior in civil society and the extension of regulatory measures concerning "women's place in the family" appear to be closely linked and interdependent.
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes as Carbonization Agents in Intumescent Blends. Part 2: Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Ammonium Polyphosphate Blends
Authors: Bugajny Michel , Le Bras Michel , Bourbigot Serge
Published: March 2007

Melt blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) additives in a polypropylene matrix improves fire proper ties of the polypropylene-based materials via an intumescence process. In this study, the protective effect of intumescence is studied considering the thermal stability of a particular FR PP/TPU/APP blend in the conditions of its thermo-oxidative degradation.

Thermogravimetric analysis allows the computation of the degradation rate of a particular system using the Invariant Kinetic Parameters method. The study shows that a reaction between APP and TPU leads to the formation of the intumescent shield and gives a material with improved thermal stability.

Finally, we present the computed temperature of the degradation front of the blend that is proposed as a probe for the estimation of the fire retardancy.
Long-Term Incentives for Management, Part 2: Stock- Price Appreciation Grants
Authors: Graskamp Edward D.
Published: March 2007

Incentives that are tied to the appreciation in the price of the company's stock are the cornerstone of long-term incentive programs for managers. The pros and cons of such incentives are discussed here.
Sharing Across The Board: Du Pont's Achievement Sharing Program
Authors: McNutt Robert P.
Published: March 2007

To ensure that the people contributing to its success share in the rewards- and the risks-of achieving its earnings objectives, Du Pont's Fibers Department set up a variable pay system for virtually all its employees.
Skill-Based Pay Case Number 3: Honeywell Ammunition Assembly Plant
Authors: Ledford Gerald E. , Tyler William R. , Dixey William B.
Published: March 2007

While the management of the division that adopted skill-based pay in the early 1980s supported the use of that pay system, they found that the system needed revision over the years to remedy a number of problems.
Implementing a Gainsharing Plan : What Companies Need To Know
Authors: Beck David
Published: March 2007

Effective gainsharing programs must respond to employee values, suit the organization's financial situation, and draw on its past experiences in measuring performance.
Employee Benefits: Trends and Issues in the 1990s
Authors: Ellis Wilson H.
Published: March 2007

As the decade unfolds, employers will face a seemingly impossible challenge: to lower their benefits costs while ensuring that employees have adequate health care and retirement protection.
Conjoint Directorship: Clarifying Management Roles Between the Board of Directors and the Executive Director
Authors: Leduc Robert F. , Block Stephen R.
Published: March 2007

There are a number of management roles that must be played if a nonprofit organi zation is to be successful. Drawing on the work of Mintzberg, ten managerial roles in nonprofit organizations are reviewed and prescriptions about the appropriate al location of each role between board and staff are advanced. Throughout, it is stres sed that recognition of the skills of the executive director and the responsibilities of the board of directors is critical for appropriately assigning the various functions. Finally, teamwork should be the ultimate goal of the board and staff in order to move the organization toward fulfilling its mission.
The Citizens Commission on AIDS: A Private-Sector Response to an Epidemic
Authors: Levine Carol
Published: March 2007

The Citizens Commission on AIDS for New York City and Northern New Jersey was created by a consortium of foundations to stimulate private- sector leadership in the region. Its activities included creating and seeking endorsements for a set of principles on AIDS and the workplace, advocat ing more drug-treatment facilities and community-based alternatives to hospital care, and continuing support for prevention and education. The commission format has advantages as well as disadvantages, which are explored in this case study.
Document supply in the new information environment
Authors: Cornish Graham P.
Published: March 2007

Interloans and document delivery are being fundamentally altered by the new information environment created by technology development, economic change, new attitudes to information demand and supply, and different professional roles. The conventiional routines involved in identifying user needs, locating documents, requesting and transmitting them are all being rev olutionized in the light of these changes and are bringing their own impetus for other changes in atti tudes and procedures. Concludes that the future for interloans and document delivery is bright provid ed that libraries and others can respond to the radical changes tak ing place.
The management of stock in minority languages in British public libraries
Authors: Cooke Madeleine , Feather John , Malley Ian
Published: March 2007

In recent years there has been growing concern about the need for UK public libraries to provide materials in minority foreign languages (Asian languages for immigrants from the Indian subconti nent, other Asian countries and languages of European immigrant communities). Describes the results of a questionnaire survey of 110 library authorities in England, Scotland and Wales, conducted by Leicestershire Library and Information Plan (LLIP), at the request of Library and Information Co-operation Council (LINC), to collect factual data concerning the levels of expenditure on books in the range of languages covered. Eighty-three of the 110 public library authorities responded, plus four of the regional library systems. Reports data for lan guages coverd by region (27 different lan guages) ; projected expenditure for each language for 1991-92; and the use of library co-operatives. Notes the common est languages covered, the fact that the annual expenditure on purchase of such books exceeded 5000 pounds in only 13 authorities, and the services of co-opera tives was valued. The need for further provision of languages from Western Europe was noted. On the basis of this interim report, the following five topics were identified as being worth further investigation: organizational structures; adequacy of provision; stock manage ment; financial provision; and strategic issues. Concludes with prioritized recom mendations to be built into a 3 year plan.
New dimension in British bibliographical control: a review article
Authors: Grogan D.J.
Published: March 2007

Reviews three of the CD-ROM data bases published quarterly by Bowker-Saur Ltd: British Humanities Index (BHI Plus) ; Current Technology Index (CTI Plus); and Applied Social Sciences Abstracts and Indexes (ASSIA Plus). Presents a concise but comprehensive account of the histo ry of the databases, from their earliest days in printed form and published by the Library Association, UK, to their sale to Bowker-Saur and launch as CD-ROM databases, using simi lar search software to that used by the rest of the Bowker Plus range of CD-ROM databases. Describes the installation of the software and the typical search options available. Notes the particular advantages of searching the CD-ROM databases over the printed versions and remarks on the shortcomings of the loose leaf printed manuals. Stresses that these databases are not only valuable as retrospective search tools for the lit erature but can also be used to answer quick, factual, reference questions.
Ethics for librarians: a narrow view
Authors: Marco Guya.
Published: March 2007

Offers a definition of ethics for librarians, inspired by recent concerns in the USA about the Code of Ethics (1981) of the American Library Association (ALA) and by examination of other codes of ethics, such as that produced by the Library Association, UK, and the writings of librarians and ethicists. Argues that much of this ethical codifying has been made redundant by changes in the definition of the library profession, but defines those situations where a code of ethics can be useful: collection development; reference ser vices ; equal treatment of library users; and aspects of profit taking on the part of librarians. Concludes with notes on the revision of the 1981 Code of Ethics, adopted by the ALA on 28 June 95, comparing the 2 codes and noting the differences where applicable.
Determining losses in academic libraries and the benefits of theft detection systems
Authors: Foster Cathy
Published: March 2007

The first part of the article reports on a study, undertaken at a small college library, to determine the accuracy of the statistical sampling techniques used for determining the number of books missing from library collections, com pared with taking a full inventory. A full inventory of circulating stock was performed involving a total of 5742 books (4000 general non fiction and 1742 specialist titles). The interval method of statistical sampling was used as a quick method of determining losses and five methods of sampling are described and discussed, those of: Bommer and Ford; Miller and Sorum; Clark; Niland and Kurth; and Griffith. Results for book losses determined via sampling methods were found to be very close to actual inventoried results, with a particularly acceptable result obtained when only one per cent of the collection was checked. The Bommer and Ford method came closest with a loss figure of 8.06 per cent compared with the inventory figure of 8.20 per cent. The second part of the article considers different ways of allocating a monetary value on replacing the lost material. The costs obtained (varying between 5 000 and £20 000) are compared and used as the basis for a cost benefit analysis of the introduction of library theft detection systems. Concludes that such secu rity systems would be justified, both in the short term or over a five year peri od. Provided the average price of replacing each book is greater than or equal to £13.56, the initial cost of the theft detection system and its first year's operating costs will be met by savings in replacement costs.
Management Strategies of Venture Capital Funded Firms
Authors: Ramachandran K.
Published: March 2007

Most studies on venture capital have focused on the strategies and criteria followed by venture capitalists (VCs), and there have been only a few efforts made to study high-technology firms funded by VCs. This article reports the findings from a study of the strategies of venture capital supportedfirms particularly in areas such as tech nology, people, marketing, finance and organisational growth. It is concluded that in the case of technology intensive firms, their strategies are naturally driven by tech nology, but along with this, it is their appreciation for and application of the other functional strategies that makes them winners. The result is the creation of a unique supply of complex resources within each organisation. Many of the entrepreneurs have been able to create and sustain market pull for their products because of the synergistic effect of their resources and strategies.
Founder Characteristics and Start-up Policies of Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Comparison between British and Indian Enterprises
Authors: Manimala Mathew J.
Published: March 2007

An earlier study by the author on 'Entrepreneurial Heuristics' had shown that entrepreneurial performance (especially in terms of innovativeness which is the essence of entrepreneurship) varies significantly with the types of policies and strategies adopted by the enterprise/entrepreneur during the start-up phase. Such policies and strategies were then designated as 'heuristics' because of their non- formal and evolutionary nature. In an entrepreneurial venture the primary source of such policies, strategies or heuristics is naturally the founder who normally has the maximum influence on the decisions made in the enterprise. Based on this logic, it was decided to undertake a follow-up study to ascertain the extent of such association, if any, between the founder characteristics and start-up policies. Coinciding with the design of the follow-up study, the author obtained data from British enterprises using the same research design. This research investigated two important issues in entrepreneurship: (a ) the relationship between founder-characteristics and start-up policies of the enterprise, and (b) comparison of British and Indian enterprises in terms of their start-up policies and founder characteristics. The present paper deals only with the second part. The first part is mentioned here only to explain the rationale for choosing the variables. There are four sets of variables being investigated in this study: (a ) Background and early experiences of the entrepreneur, (b ) Personal policies (traits) of the entrepreneur, (c ) Motives of the entrepreneur and (d) Management practices (policies and strategies) of the enterprise. The findings are explained and a few hypotheses generated on cross-cultural perspectives on entrepreneur ship and enterprise management.
Impact of Financial Incentives on Entrepreneurial Development in Backward Regions—A Case Study of Deoria District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mall C.P.
Published: March 2007

The dearth of entrepreneurs is one of the reasons for the economic backward ness of a region. To induce people to launch business ventures, most govern ments offer various kinds of incentives. This paper describes the impact of financial incentives on the emergence of new entrepreneurs in a backward region in India.
Corporate Entrepreneurship: A Review
Authors: Rieple Alison , Vyakarnam Shailendra
Published: March 2007

For a long time, research in entrepreneurship remained centred around individual personalities. With the emergence of large corporations, con tributing to the growth of wealth and employment, interest in the or ganisational characteristics linked with high growth has increased, resulting in a diversity of approaches; many of which are in conflict with each other. This paper summarises the body of literature on entrepreneur ial processes within existing organisations, concentrating on policies and practices which encourage creativity and innovation in a corporate con text.
Refugees as Entrepreneurs: The Case of the Indian Bicycle Industry
Authors: Singh Sukhpal
Published: March 2007

Like many other industries, bicyle production in India developed after Independence. But unlike most other industries which remained concen trated in metropolitan centres, bicycle manufacturing took roots in up country towns, defying competition from metropolitan enterprises. This paper, discussing the factors responsible for the success of the northern entrepreneurs, emphasises that various concessions given by the govern ment to the refugees from Pakistan played a critical role.
Adaptation and Resource Management in the Small-Medium Firm
Authors: Hendry Chris , Arthur Michael , Jones Allan
Published: March 2007

This paper seeks to provide some practical insights into how smaller firms can grow. At the same time, it questions the current emphasis on entre preneurship as 'the relentless pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources currently controlled'. To achieve its objective, the paper locates the growth challenge for small firms in the initial resource conditions they set up for themselves through successful start-up, and suggests that more radical product-market initiatives are generated in response to internal resource issues. Primary orientation to the external environment drives only incremental development.
Ethnic Enterprise in the Decentralised Textile Industry of Surat, India
Authors: Menning Garrett
Published: March 2007

The paper explores the role of ethnic networks in the contemporary art silk industry of Surat, Gujarat, India's largest production centre of synthetic fabrics. It is argued that one of the secrets of its success is a system of ethnic entrepre neurship in which business people rely on informal networks based on ties of kinship, caste, sect and place of origin. Participation in these flexible networks gives merchants and manufacturers access to community resources, and allows them to minimise costs, adapt to market fluctuations and avoid government restrictions. Examples are given from four business communities to illustrate how the industry functions.
Women Entrepreneurs from Southern India: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Das Mallika
Published: March 2007

This study profiles women entrepreneurs who own and manage small- to medium- sized enterprises in two southern Indian states—Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Based on their reasons for starting a business, the women are classified into three cate gories : 'chance', 'forced' and 'created or pulled' entrepreneurs. The paper argues that while there are similarities between these three groups in terms of certain demographic variables, they do differ in terms of critical business variables such as sales volume, expected growth and success factors. The start-up problems faced by the women entrepreneurs in this study are similar to those encountered by their counterparts elsewhere. However, the level of work—family conflicts are found to be lower in the case of the former.
Management Education and the Teaching of Ethics: Pedagogy, Practice and the Challenge of a New Initiative
Authors: Giri Ananta Kumar
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the issue of teaching of ethics in management education with specific reference to the debate on this and pedagogic interventions in India and the United States. It describes, among others, the initiative taken at Harvard Business School to teach ethics to MBA students as well as the effort made by the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta to teach ethics and human values to the students. It is argued that all these pedagogic initiatives can help us to be more reflective about the predicament of ethics in our practice of management in particular and life in general. In conclusion, it is argued that the universe of discourse of ethics must be broadened whereby ethical orientation does not refer to one's minimalist concern of being legally correct but to pursuing actively the well-being of others, especially of those who do not matter much to the managers of systems.
The Value of Narrative in Business Writing
Authors: RENTZ KATHRYN C.
Published: March 2007

As in the fields of composition and technical writing, the emphasis on hierarchical organization of texts in business writing has led to a devaluation of narrative, perhaps because the kind of knowledge that narrative creates has been insufficiently understood. By elucidating the special properties of narrative as a mode of discourse and as a cognitive instrument, this article argues for the potential power of narrative in many common business writing situations.
Theory and Curriculum
Authors: BLYLER NANCY ROUNDY
Published: March 2007

Business and technical communication have conventionally been separated in academe—a separation that formalist rhetorical theory has supported. Epistemic rhetorical theory, however, suggests that this separation does not reflect the profession's current understanding of workplace discourse. This article demonstrates that the labels business and technical communication are not helpful in understanding two workplace documents: a memorandum and a report. The article then explores the increased explanatory power in two epistemic theoretical approaches, social construction and paralogic hermeneutics, after which the article discusses the radical implications of these approaches for a curricular dialogue concerning workplace writing. Finally, the article describes interests inside and outside academe that preserve the status quo and thus mitigate against curricular change, positing that such change would be difficult, but not impossible, to achieve.
Legal Literacy and the Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: TAYLOR TODD
Published: March 2007

Teachers of professional writing should try to integrate legal literacy into undergraduate writing courses in order to provide students with the kinds of literacies that many instructors and researchers want to promote in classes today. On one level, the almost complete exclusion of legal writing from most undergraduate professional writing classes should be reconsidered. This practice fails to meet the needs of a significant number of students who are considering careers in the legal profession. This neglect allows the legal system to remain a mystery to our students. This article analyzes how current literacy theory supports the integration of legal writing into the undergraduate curriculum and examines some of the relationships between rhetoric and legal writing pedagogy.
Learning to Write Professionally
Authors: FREEDMAN AVIVA , ADAM CHRISTINE
Published: March 2007

Drawing primarily on theories of situated learning, this study compares novices learning written genres in two different institutional settings within similar disciplines: university students in public administration courses and graduate student interns placed in government agencies. Observational and textual analyses of novices learning to write the genres necessary for these settings point to differences in writing goals, guide-learner roles, text evaluations, and learning sites. The results show that when students move from the university to the workplace, they not only have to learn new genres but they need to learn new ways to learn these new genres.
The Career Decision Scale: How Good Does it Have to be?
Authors: Osipow Samuel H.
Published: March 2007

For more than 15 years, various writers have debated the underlying structure of the Career Decision Scale. Some are convinced it is best conceived to be a unidimensional measure, while others believe it is multidimensional. The present comment focuses on the paper by Shimizu, Vondracek, and Schulenberg (this issue) which promotes the multidimensional nature of the measure. An attempt to highlight some of the issues in this debate from the point of view of one of the Career Decision Scale's authors is made.
More Evidence for the Relationship Between Holland's Personality Types and Personality Variables
Authors: Holland John L. , Johnston Joseph A. , Francis Asama N.
Published: March 2007

This correlational study, using an adult sample of 175 men and 123 women, replicates the correlational patterns between the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1985a) and the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI/FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1989) observed in earlier investigations. The relationships between the SDS and the Personal Styles Inventory (PSI; Silver & Malone, 1993)—developed to measure six personality disorders or styles from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.) ( DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987)—were also explored. Canonical and simple correlational analyses indicate that the SDS is more closely related to the NEO PI/FFI than to the PSI. These analyses lend support to the formulation for some of Holland's Personality types.
Career Indecision Scales Do Not Measure Foreclosure
Authors: Brisbin Laurel A. , Savickas Mark L.
Published: March 2007

Career indecision scales may obscure important differences between students who are committed to self-chosen vocational goals and students who are committed to goals chosen for them by significant others. To examine this possibility, 199 students responded to a measure of identity status along with the Career Decision Scale (Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1976), My Vocational Situation (Holland, Gottfredson, & Power, 1980), and the Career Decision Profile (Jones, 1989). A MANOVA using identity status as the independent variable and the three decisional measures as dependent variables indicated that the decisional measures discriminated the diffused and moratorium groups from each other and from the identity achieved and foreclosed groups. However, the measures did not discriminate between the achieved and foreclosed groups.
The Scale Structure of Multi-Scale Measures: Application of the Split-Scale Method to the Task- Specific Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale and the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Gati Itamar , Osipow Samuel H. , Fassa Naomi
Published: March 2007

The present study evaluated the internal structure of two translated multiple-scale questionnaires: the Task-Specific Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale (TSOSS; Osipow, Temple, & Rooney, 1993) and the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale (CDMSE; Taylor & Betz, 1983). Data were obtained during a pilot study for testing the Hebrew versions of the TSOSS and the CDMSE. Cluster analysis applied to the split scales was found to complement the traditional method used to assess the psychometric properties of the instruments. As proposed by its authors, the TSOSS was found to possess four distinct scales in both language versions. The elimination of problematic items from the Hebrew version revealed the five hypothesized factors assumed to underlie the CDMSE. The proposed clustering analysis of the split scales appears to have potential application to the refinement process of other multi-scale instruments as well.
Examining the Personal Meaning of Inventoried Interests During Career Counseling
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: March 2007

The present article seeks to renovate the career counseling use of interest inventories as personality indicators by making explicit the link between inventoried interests and their personal meaning to clients. Interest denotes a relationship between the individual and the environment, one to the advantage of the individual. The chief advantage of an interest to the individual is that it cultivates a solution to a personal problem. Viewing interests as a developmental pathway encourages the interpretation of interest inventory results from a psychology of use. A focus on how the client uses an interest prompts counselors to trace a measured interest both backward to its origin in private preoccupations and forward to its expression in public occupations. Using interest inventories as personality indicators helps clients to conceptualize the impetus of their movement (needs), the direction of that movement (values), and the style of that movement (interests). Counseling that includes a coherent narration of the why, what, and how of an individual's movement in the world can clarify the client's occupational choices and enhance that client's ability to make career decisions.
Enforcing International Environmental Agreements: Lessons from the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Mumme Stephen P.
Published: March 2007

One of the main problems of international environmental treaties is the lack of compliance. This papers evaluates the effectiveness of sanctions employed in the United States-Mexico Environmental Cooperation Agreement and subsidiary agreements. The successes and shortfalls of these agreements offer lessons for effective compliance and enforcement for the North American Free Trade Agreement and other international environmental agreements.
Understanding social work in the home health care setting
Authors: Williams Elaine
Published: March 2007

Social work is one of the least understood services in home health care. Frequently, social work ers are limited to the provision of concrete services, such as linkage with community resources or long-term planning. Social workers are capable of providing a wide range of services beyond community resources, including short-term therapy and crisis intervention. Clear understand ing and interpretation of the regulations are necessary to utilize the full range of reimbursable social work services. This article reviews skilled social work services in the home health care setting, as defined by the Medicare guidelines in the Home Health Agency Manual. The key ingredient for justifying reimbursement of skilled social work services is the identification of social and emotional problems impacting the patient's medical condition, treatment plan, or rate of recovery together with the establishment of a social work treatment plan and clear and concise documentation of findings. Other issues related to the delivery of social work services will be examined, including understanding the social work codes, supervision of social work assistants, appropriate social work referrals, and productivity expectations. Key words: social work, home health care, skilled social work services
Home mechanical ventilation: What are all the options ?
Authors: Votroubek Wendy L.
Published: March 2007

Children requiring mechanical ventilation are increasingly cared for in the home setting. The goals for these children at home include ensure medical safety of the child, optimize the child's quality of life, use respiratory equipment safely and properly, and prevent or minimize compli cations. Although positive pressure ventilation with a tracheostomy is the technique most com monly used in the home setting, other options are available. These include the negative pressure ventilation systems, diaphragmatic pacing, continuous positive airway pressure with nasal mask, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The type of ventilation unit used depends on diagnosis, pathology, age, and size of the child. The various ventilation choice issues are discussed. It is hoped that with the presented information the reader will better understand various ventilation methods and be able to safely care for the child at home. Key words: me chanical ventilation, negative pressure ventilation systems, diaphragmatic pacing, continuous positive airway pressure ventilation
Large Dense Numerical Linear Algebra in 1993: the Parallel Computing Influence
Authors: Edelman Alan
Published: March 2007

This article surveys the current state of applications of large dense numerical linear algebra and the influence of parallel computing. Furthermore, it attempts to crys tallize many important ideas that are sometimes mis understood in the rush to write fast programs.
Performance Attributes for Code and Workload Analysis On Cray X-Mp and Y-Mp Systems
Authors: Delic George
Published: March 2007

A Performance Analysis Tools (PAT) report implement ing hpm and perftrace software, installed under UNICOS on CRAY X-MP and Y-MP systems, was de signed at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. The report presents a concise summary of code performance characteristics using 28 performance attributes grouped into four categories: operations and instruc tions, scalar to vector load balance, memory utilization, and input/output utilization. Demonstrated applications of this performance metric include code performance analysis in a case study, workload analysis for a 24- code sample, and performance comparison of CRAY X-MP and Y-MP processors. The analysis of the case study shows that a precise performance assessment was possible using this metric without the necessity of source code analysis. Measurements with the 24-code sample established realistic performance ranges in the metric and were also used to compare performance of CRAY X-MP and Y-MP models. Although the clock pe riod on the Y-MP was reduced by 29% relative to the X-MP, increases of 52% were observed in instruction fetch rates and vector MFLOPS, with a corresponding rise of 39% in computational intensity.
Detailed Chemistry Modeling of Laminar Diffusion Flames On Parallel Computers
Authors: Ern Alexandre , Douglas Craig C. , Smooke Mitchell D.
Published: March 2007

We present a numerical simulation of an axisymmet ric, laminar diffusion flame with finite-rate chemistry on serial and distributed-memory parallel computers. We use the total mass, momentum, energy, and spe cies conservation equations with the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written in vorticity-velocity form. The computational algorithm for solving the re sulting nonlinear coupled elliptic partial differential equations involves damped Newton iterations, Krylov type linear-system solvers, and adaptive mesh refine ment. The results presented here are the first in which a lifted diffusion flame structure is obtained on a non- staggered grid. The numerical solution is in very good agreement with previous numerical and experimental data.
Campus-Wide Computing : Early Results Using Legion At the University of Virginia
Authors: Grimshaw Andrew S. , Nguyen-Tuong Anh , Lewis Michael J. , Hyett Mark
Published: March 2007

The Legion project at the University of Virginia is an architecture for designing and building system services that provide the illusion of a single virtual machine to users, a virtual machine that provides both improved response time via parallel execution and greater throughput. Legion targets workstation clusters and larger wide area assem blies of workstations, supercomputers, and parallel super computers. The authors have built a working Legion pro totype called the Campus-Wide Virtual Computer (CWVC). The CWVC extends an existing object-oriented parallel processing system by aggressively incorporating lessons learned in the last 20 years of heterogeneous distributed computing. In this paper, the authors describe the challenges that they overcame to realize a working CWVC and characterize the performance of a production biochemistry application.
I. Far East
Authors: Jilek W.G.
Published: March 2007

This section begins with abstracts of articles by B. KIMURA, who compares psychiatric observations made in Germany with those made in his own country, Japan. He found significant differences in the frequency of depressive states and in the nature of depressive ideas on comparison of patients in these two countries. In his treatise on guilt experience and climate, Kimura tries to reduce cultural differences of psychic phenomena and the variations in religious-moral attitudes, which are often used to explain these differences, to ecological conditions. In a third article Kimura approaches the problem of schizophrenia from the viewpoint of psycholinguistics. Abstracts of these are followed by abstracts of articles by P.M. YAP and by K. KIM and T. KIM. Yap studies the kinds of anxiety reactions to be found among Western ex patriate outpatients in Hong Kong, causes of such reactions, and socio- psychiatric consequences they entail. K. Kim and T. Kim concerned themselves with initiation dreams of Korean shamans.
6. Africa
Authors: Peterfy G.
Published: March 2007

F. PISZTORA, an Hungarian psychiatrist who spent a prolonged period at the psychiatric department of the University of Algiers, describes sociocultural factors relevant to mental ill health in Algeria. Conflict areas which have been identified concern the relationship between men and women, the in dividual versus the tribe, and the traditional Moslem style of life versus the modern European style of life. Another Hungarian author, E. VARGA, presents the case history of a schizophrenic Sudanese student treated at Budapest, who, despite superficial acculturation to European life, adhered at least during his mental illness to the belief system shared by the majority of the uneducated indigenous population of his country of origin. M. ASSAEL and G. A. GERMAN reporting from Uganda concern themselves with the question of whether the ongoing process of migration from village to city in Uganda proper, or country to country within the African continent, accounts for higher rates of mental illness. Finally D. DE CASO, C. GIORDANO, and J.-P. LEHMANN report from the Ivory Coast the case history of a patient suffering from an acute anxiety state (bouffée délirante), whose clinical picture vividly reflects his cultural back ground. The effectiveness of the treatment of this patient by traditional procedures can be demonstrated.
Clinical supervision: users' perspectives
Authors: Hadfield Denise
Published: March 2007

■ The clinical supervision relationship is valuable for the development of good practice.

■ The necessary ingredients of clinical supervision are safety, impartiality, support, trust and respect.

■ Reflection of thoughts, feelings and actions allows debriefing, challenge and understanding.

■ The perceived outcomes of clinical supervision are personal, professional and clinical skills development.

■ Aligning clinical supervision with PREP may provide motivation for Nurses and Trusts.
Corporate Financial Structures in India†
Authors: Green Christopher J. , Murinde Victor , Suppakitjarak Joy
Published: March 2007

We document the financial structure of a sample of Indian non-financial companies using a new and unique dataset consisting of a panel containing the published accounts of almost 900 companies that published a full set of accounts every year during 1989-99. In a new departure in the literature, the dataset includes quoted and unquoted companies. We compare the sources-uses approach to analyzing company financial structures with the asset-liability approach. We use both approaches to characterize and to compare the financial structures of Indian com panies over time; between quoted and unquoted companies; and between com panies which belong to a business group and those that do not. Finally, we compare our results to those obtained previously for India and for the industrial countries.
What Type of Competition Policy and Law Should a Developing Country Have? 1
Authors: Adhikari Ratnakar , Knight-John Malathy
Published: March 2007

This article addresses a crucial policy question—what sort of a competition law and policy should a developing country have? The underlying thesis that we embrace is that the development dimension is key. The article looks at the objectives of competition law and policy across countries, followed by a discussion of key competition policy concerns that have bearing on consumer welfare, economic efficiency and competitiveness of domestic enterprises. It also provides a brief sketch on the contours of competition policy and a benchmark for the enactment and effective implementation of competition law from a developing country's perspective. The article also touches upon international competition policy issues to the extent they have a bearing on domestic competition concerns. The analysis that follows, shows that each developing country should have its sui generis com petition policy and law—tailored to suit its country-specific requirements, and that no one size fits all.
The Challenge at Needeep High
Authors: Detert James R , Louis Karen Seashore
Published: March 2007

This case is intended for use as a culminating experience in courses or workshops that deal with planning and systemic improvement in general or with leadership and management under high stakes accountability settings, more specifically.
Vibrational Cooling Process of S1 trans-Stilbene in Ionic Liquids Observed with Picosecond Time-resolved Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Iwata Koichi , Yoshida Kyousuke , Takada Yuta , Hamaguchi Hiro-o
Published: March 2007

Vibrational cooling rates in room temperature ionic liquids were measured with picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. The 1570-cm−1 Raman band of the first excited singlet (S1) state of trans-stilbene was used as a “Raman thermometer.” The recorded vibrational cooling rates in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (emimTf2N) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (bmimTf2N) were close to those in ordinary molecular solvents despite a large difference in thermal diffusivity. The result is consistent with the assumption that local structures are formed in the ionic liquids.