bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Packers and Imaging: A Case Report
Authors: TUTAR Onur , AKDENİZ Yonca Senem , İKİZCELİ İbrahim , İKİZCELİ Türkan
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The body-packer is an international smuggler who ingests packed illicit drugs. Imaging is very important for diagnosis and management of these patients. Case report: We present a case of cocaine body-packing detected through scan. A 50-year-old Brazilian male was brought to the emergency department for detailed clinical examination and to verify any possible illicit drug packages within the gastrointestinal system. After the absence of drug intoxication symptoms, we performed abdominal computed tomography scan. And it showed the presence of ingested packets from stomach to rectum. The patient was kept under surveillance and during his observation in hospital he excreted all cocaine packets.Conclusion: Body packers put themselves at considerable risk as rupture of packet inside the body may be fatal. The patients should be monitored to detect complications, enabling early treatment, and to remove or assist in the expulsion of drug packages from the body. Computed tomography is a fast, reliable and reproducible method for detection of ingested packets.
Konjenital Adrenal Hiperplazi Vakalarında CYP21A2 Geni Kopya Sayısı Değişimlerinin MLPA Tekniği İle İncelenmesi
Authors: MAMMADOV Bakhtiyar , KALAYCI YİĞİN Aysel , ÖZDEMİR Filiz , ÖZAYDIN Ahmet , SEVEN Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Konjenital adrenal hiperplazi (KAH), adrenal steroid yapımının bozukluğu ile oluşan ve otozomal resesif kalıtım gösteren ailesel hastalıklar grubundandır. Adrenal kortekste kolesterolden kortizol sentezini sağlayan beş enzimden herhangi birinin eksikliği sonucu oluşmaktadır. KAH’ın karakteristik özelliği, kuşkulu genital yapı ve bozulmuş cinsel gelişimdir. KAH’ın en sık nedeni ise 21-hidroksilaz enzim eksikliğidir. 21-hidroksilaz enzim eksikliğine bağlı KAH’ın, ‘klasik’ ve ‘klasik olmayan’ olarak 2 tipi vardır. Klinik tablodaki farklılıklar 21-hidroksilaz genindeki mutasyonların oluşturduğu yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişikliklere bağlıdır.İki steroid 21-hidroksilaz geni (CYP21A2 aktif gen, CYP21P psödogen) 6. kromozomun kısa kolu üzerinde bulunur. Aktif genin defektine neden olan mutasyonlar aktif gen ile psödogenin birbirine çok yakın ve oldukça homolog olmalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. DNA dizisinin intergenik rekombinasyonları sonucunda delesyonlar, duplikasyonlar, gen konversiyonları ve nokta mutasyonlar meydana gelir. CYP21A2’nin psödogeninin bulunması nedeniyle 21-hidroksilaz enzim eksikliğine bağlı gelişen KAH’a sadece CYP21A2 genine yönelik dizi analizi çalışmalarıyla doğru tanı konulmasında çoğu kez aksaklıklar yaşanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda; Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik Anabilim Dalı’na CYP21A2 geni mutasyon analizi için yönlendirilen hastalar klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularıyla tekrar değerlendirilmeye alındı ve dizi analizinde saptanması mümkün olmayan kopya sayısı değişikliklerinin belirlenmesi hedeflendi. Böylece; hastaların tanısını kesinleştirerek, tedavilerinin gecikmeden yapılmasının sağlanması ile birlikte CYP21A2 genine yönelik yapılan mutasyon analizlerinde MLPA yönteminin kolay, nispeten ucuz, hızlı ve güvenilir bir yöntem olduğunun gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmaya dahil ettiğimiz 28 hastada uygulamış olduğumuz MLPA yöntemiyle, 1 hastada genin büyük kısmını kapsayan homozigot, 2 hastada heterozigot delesyon ve 1 hastada ise heterozigot duplikasyon saptanmıştır.
RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF INNOVATION BEHAVIOR OF NEW GENERATION ENTREPRENEURS IN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
Authors: Zhao Aiwu , Sun Zhenzhen , Guan Hongjun , Jia Jingyuan
Published: April 2020

Innovation of new generation entrepreneurs is crucial to the development of a country. Empirical research method can analyze the history and current situation, but it is difficult to reflect the dynamic process and evolution trend under different scenarios. In this paper, we adopt computational experiment method to model the decision-making process of new generation entrepreneurs. Multi-agent evolution model is constructed to simulate individual behavior of different types of new generation entrepreneurs under different scenarios. By the comparison of different results, it analyses the evolutionary rules of innovation behaviors and explores guidance policies to promote entrepreneurs’ innovation behavior and achieve better innovation performance. The experimental results show that although internal elements such as individual’s innovative spirit, innovative ability and cognition of social capital determine the innovation intention, the capital, technology and talent conditions are also very important for innovation implementation. New generation entrepreneurs with different risk preferences should objectively evaluate and treat innovation risks according to their own characteristics. This helps to reduce the negative impact of innovation risk on continuous innovation. Meanwhile, government should pay attention to establishing risk guarantee mechanism such as innovation insurance fund to promote the innovation of new generation entrepreneurs.
Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing Power Spectrum from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data
Authors: Faúndez M. Aguilar , Arnold K. , Baccigalupi C. , Barron D. , Beck D. , Beckman S. , Bianchini F. , Carron J. , Cheung K. , Chinone Y. , Bouhargani H. El , Elleflot T. , Errard J. , Fabbian G. , Feng C. , Fujino T. , Goeckner-Wald N. , Hamada T. , Hasegawa M. , Hazumi M. , Hill C. A. , Hirose H. , Jeong O. , Katayama N. , Keating B. , Kikuchi S. , Kusaka A. , Lee A. T. , Leon D. , Linder E. , Lowry L. N. , Matsuda F. , Matsumura T. , Minami Y. , Navaroli M. , Nishino H. , Pham A. T. P. , Poletti D. , Puglisi G. , Reichardt C. L. , Segawa Y. , Sherwin B. D. , Silva-Feaver M. , Siritanasak P. , Stompor R. , Suzuki A. , Tajima O. , Takatori S. , Tanabe D. , Teply G. P. , Tsai C. ,   (The Polarbear Collaboration)
Published: April 2020

We present a measurement of the gravitational lensing deflection power spectrum reconstructed with two seasons of cosmic microwave background polarization data from the Polarbear experiment. Observations were taken at 150 GHz from 2012 to 2014 and surveyed three patches of sky totaling 30 square degrees. We test the consistency of the lensing spectrum with a cold dark matter cosmology and reject the no-lensing hypothesis at a confidence of 10.9σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties. We observe a value of A
L = 1.33 ± 0.32 (statistical) ±0.02 (systematic) ±0.07 (foreground) using all polarization lensing estimators, which corresponds to a 24% accurate measurement of the lensing amplitude. Compared to the analysis of the first-year data, we have improved the breadth of both the suite of null tests and the error terms included in the estimation of systematic contamination.
Choked Accretion onto a Schwarzschild Black Hole: A Hydrodynamical Jet-launching Mechanism
Authors: Tejeda Emilio , Aguayo-Ortiz Alejandro , Hernandez X.
Published: April 2020

We present a novel, relativistic accretion model for accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole. This consists of a purely hydrodynamical mechanism in which, by breaking spherical symmetry, a radially accreting flow transitions into an inflow-outflow configuration. The spherical symmetry is broken by considering that the accreted material is more concentrated on an equatorial belt, leaving the polar regions relatively under-dense. What we have found is a flux-limited accretion regime in which, for a sufficiently large accretion rate, the incoming material chokes at a gravitational bottleneck and the excess flux is redirected by the density gradient as a bipolar outflow. The threshold value at which the accreting material chokes is of the order of the mass-accretion rate found in the spherically symmetric case studied by Bondi and Michel. We describe the choked accretion mechanism first in terms of a general relativistic, analytic toy model based on the assumption of an ultrarelativistic stiff fluid. We then relax this approximation and, by means of numerical simulations, show that this mechanism can operate also for general polytropic fluids. Interestingly, the qualitative inflow-outflow morphology obtained appears as a generic result of the proposed symmetry break, across analytic and numeric results covering both the Newtonian and relativistic regimes. The qualitative change in the resulting steady-state flow configuration appears even for a very small equatorial-to-polar-density contrast (∼0.1%) in the accretion profile. Finally, we discuss the applicability of this model as a jet-launching mechanism in different astrophysical settings.
Properties of Streamer Wave Events Observed during the STEREO Era
Authors: Decraemer Bieke , Zhukov Andrei N. , Van Doorsselaere Tom
Published: April 2020

Transverse waves are sometimes observed in solar helmet streamers, typically after the passage of a coronal mass ejection (CME). The CME-driven shock wave moves the streamer sideways, and a decaying oscillation of the streamer is observed after the CME passage. Previous works generally reported observations of streamer oscillations taken from a single vantage point (typically the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft). We conduct a data survey searching for streamer wave events observed by the COR2 coronagraphs on board the STEREO spacecraft. For the first time, we report observations of streamer wave events from multiple vantage points by using the COR2 instrument on both STEREO A and B, as well as the SOHO/LASCO C2+C3 coronagraphs. We investigate the properties of streamer waves by comparing the different events and performing a statistical analysis. Common observational features give us additional insight on the physical nature of streamer wave events. The most important conclusion is that there appears to be no relation between the speed of the CME and the phase speed of the resulting streamer wave, indicating that the streamer wave speed is determined by the physical properties of the streamer rather than the properties of the CME. This result makes streamer wave events excellent candidates for coronal seismology studies. From a comparison between the measured phase speeds and the phase speeds calculated from the measured periods and wavelengths, we could determine that the speed of the postshock solar wind flow in our streamers is around 300 km s−1.
Structurer, encadrer et lisser l’évaluation : les écrits de l’AERES/HCERES
Authors: Barats Christine , Née Émilie
Published: April 2020

Les écrits produits par l’Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (AERES), devenue en 2013 le Haut Conseil de l’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (HCERES), occupent une place centrale à la fois comme cadre d’une pratique évaluative et comme produit de cette pratique. Combinant une analyse sémiologique et discursive, nous avons examiné les enjeux et les effets de sens de ces écrits évaluatifs, que ce soit au regard de leur identité, de leur complexité énonciative ou de leur « raison graphique ». L’incarnation visuelle et graphique de cette nouvelle instance rend ainsi compte de la dimension agonistique et axiologique de l’évaluation. L’analyse des écrits produits (référentiels, rapports…) montre leur dimension formulaire et met au jour la prégnance d’un outil d’analyse emprunté à la stratégie d’entreprise, la matrice SWOT, appréhendée comme une technologie intellectuelle au sens de J. Goody.
Le #Bookporn sur Instagram : poétique d’une littérature ornementale ?
Authors: Siguier Marine
Published: April 2020

Cet article propose une analyse du phénomène « bookporn » sur Instagram, qui correspond à la mise en scène du livre selon un certain nombre de normes visuelles implicites, structurées à la fois par les usages des internautes et le cadrage éditorial de la plateforme. Il s’agira de montrer que loin d’être l’incarnation d’un ethos littéraire à rebours du flux médiatique, les effets « poétisants » de ces iconographies épousent les normes édictées par le dispositif, plus qu’ils ne les renversent. À cet égard, la présence du livre sur Instagram ne relève pas d’un processus de subversion des logiques du réseau social, mais constitue plutôt la déclinaison d’une potentialité de thématisation offerte par Instagram. À travers les pratiques du « bookporn » se pose donc la question de ce que la littérature fait aux réseaux sociaux, mais également de ce que les réseaux sociaux font à la mise en représentation du littéraire.
Revealing new leads for the impact of galacto-oligosaccharides on gut commensals and gut health benefits through text mining
Authors: Sijbers A.M. , Schoemaker R.J.W. , Nauta A. , Alkema W.
Published: April 2020

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are linked to various health benefits, such as the relief of symptoms of constipation. Part of the beneficial effects of GOS are thought to be the consequence of their bifidogenic effect, stimulating the growth of several Bifidobacterium species in vivo. However, GOS may exert additional effects by directly stimulating other bacterial species or by effects that bifidobacteria may have on other commensals in the gut. To get a better insight into the potential health effects induced by GOS, a good understanding of the gut ecosystem, the role of GOS and bifidobacteria is important. An increasing number of 16S DNA profiling and metagenomics studies have led to an expanding inventory of genera, species and strains that can be found in the human gut. To investigate the potential connection of these commensals with GOS and bifidobacteria, we have undertaken a text-mining study to chart the literature landscape around these commensals. To this end, we created controlled vocabularies describing GOS, a large set of gut commensals and a number of terms related to gut health, which were used to mine the entire MEDLINE database. Co-occurrence text-mining revealed that a large number of commensals found in the gut have a connection with Bifidobacterium species and with gut health effects. Word frequency analysis provided more insight into the functional nature of these relationships. Combined co-occurrence search results pointed to putative novel health benefits indirectly linked to bifidobacteria and GOS. The potential beneficial effects of GOS on the protection of epithelial function and epithelial barrier impairment and appendicitis are interesting novel leads. The text-mining approach reported here revealed a number of novel leads through which GOS could exert health effects and that could be investigated in dedicated studies.
An Integrated Conceptual Model for m-Government Acceptance in Developing Countries: The Case Study of Jordan
Authors: Alqaralleh Bassam A. Y. , Al-Omari Ahmad H. , Alksasbeh Malek Zakarya
Published: April 2020

Mobile information and communication technology changed how people and businesses can benefit from government public services at any time and from anyplace. The success or failure of mobile government services is becoming more dependent on satisfying the needs and the expectations of both citizens and business organizations. This paper reviews and analyses some existing empirical studies that examine m-Government acceptance in some developing countries. Then, a new integrated conceptual model for examining some important key factors that may affect m-Government acceptance in Jordan from user perspective was proposed.  An empirical test was conducted using a questionnaire to explore the effect of the following factors: Trust in mobile channel, trust in government, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, service quality and user satisfaction on the behavioural intention to use m-Government applications. Finally, justification of the proposed integrated model and formulation of the associated hypotheses was conducted.
Applying Concept Map to Game-Base Concept Assessment
Authors: Lai Chien-Hung , Jong Bin-Shyan , Hsia Yen-Teh , Lin Tsong-Wuu
Published: April 2020

There have been lots of studies using traditional concept assessment to measure student’s learning achievement. This study adding game elements in concept assessment try to measure student’s learning achievement, and compare this result with traditional concept assessment to see what’s the difference between traditional concept assessment and adding game element in concept assessment.     Traditional concept assessment using SPRT method in multiple-choice to measure student’s concept mastery, our study using the same method and present this method in concept game so that student won’t feel boring and tiring during this assessment. Our study observe each student’s feedback and their concept mastery by using game element to display concept assessment, and analyze is using concept game assessment can shorten student’s test time and improve student learning concept knowledge after assessment, the result shows that when student using concept game assessment they can know their concept mastery immediately by seeing process bar present as their life so the test time will be shorten, and student’s concept knowledge was improved after concept game assessment. Student’s feedback shows that they prefer concept game assessment because they can measure their concept mastery during the concept game assessment; this study shows that adding game element in concept assessment can improve student’s concept mastery and shorten the test time student took.
« Ce n’est pas par pitié… » : l’appel à la pitié, critiques et alternatives
Authors: Doury Marianne
Published: April 2020

L’appel aux émotions – et, en particulier, l’appel à la pitié – est une stratégie persuasive que l’on peut voir à l’œuvre dans des discussions d’ordre privé, mais aussi, plus massivement, dans la défense de certaines causes, notamment des causes humanitaires. L’appel à la pitié est pourtant parfois pointé comme problématique, et lorsqu’il est disqualifié, il devient nécessaire de recourir à des stratégies argumentatives alternatives. Dans cet article, on fait un point rapide sur l’appel à la pitié, envisagé d’abord dans une perspective rhétorique, puis dans une perspective argumentative. On identifie quelques-unes des critiques adressées à l’appel à la pitié. A partir d’un corpus à visée illustrative, rassemblé via des recherches sur Internet à partir du syntagme « pas par pitié » d’une part, de l’examen des campagnes lancées par des organismes à vocation humanitaire d’autre part, on identifie plusieurs stratégies argumentatives alternatives (principalement, l’appel à la solidarité et l’argument de l’intérêt bien compris), dont on montre comment elles cherchent à déjouer les critiques adressées à l’appel à la pitié. On conclut sur le discours de dénonciation de l’« assistanat » que l’on considérera comme celui qui, parmi les discours de critique des rhétoriques visant à justifier une action altruiste, a le mieux « pris » socialement, et qui circule largement dans l’espace public en France.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Prevents Mortality Caused by Septic Peritonitis in Mice
Authors: Kono Hiroshi , Furuya Shinji , Sun Chao , Akazawa Yoshihiro , Nakata Yuuki , Fukushima Hisataka , Wakana Hiroyuki , Fujii Hideki , Ichikawa Daisuke
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) prevents mortality due to sepsis in mice. Mice were given PACAP at designated time points before or after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and organ injury and mortality were investigated. Serum inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed after CLP. Plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were also measured. Isolated tissue macrophages (Mfs) were incubated with or without PACAP, and production of cytokines was measured. Activation of NF-κB was investigated in tissue Mfs isolated from CLP animal in the presence and absence PACAP in vitro. PACAP treatment significantly prevented acute lung injury and mortality after CLP. Plasma endotoxin levels and bacterial load were not different between PACAP-treated and nontreated groups. Increased serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in animals treated with vehicle were significantly blunted in PACAP-treated animals after CLP. Furthermore, serum IL-10 levels were significantly greater in the PACAP-treated group compared with the vehicle group. Production of HMGB1 and TNF-α by isolated hepatic Mfs was significantly inhibited in the presence of PACAP, whereas production of IL-10 by isolated hepatic Mfs and interstitial lung Mfs was significantly increased. Plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were significantly greater in the animals treated with PACAP compared with vehicle after CLP. Activation of NF-κB was significantly inhibited by PACAP in the hepatic Mfs compared with other tissue Mfs. PACAP prevents mortality due to septic peritonitis by inhibiting inflammation via NF-κB activation and possible effects on the brain.
A MicroRNA-1–Mediated Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by the JAK-STAT Pathway in the Invertebrate Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Zuo Hongliang , Weng Kejia , Luo Mengting , Yang Linwei , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Xu Xiaopeng
Published: April 2020

The JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways are conserved cellular signaling cascades orchestrating a variety of biological processes. The regulatory interactions between these two pathways have been well studied in vertebrates but less concerned in invertebrates, hindering further understanding of immune signaling evolution. The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is now an important model for studying invertebrate immunity and cellular signaling mechanisms. In this study, the microRNA-1 (miR-1) molecule from L. vannamei was identified, and its mature and precursor sequences were analyzed. The miR-1 promoter contained a STAT binding site and its transcriptional activity could be regulated by the JAK-STAT pathway. The target gene of miR-1 was identified as MyD88, the upstream component of the Dorsal (the NF-κB homolog) pathway. By suppressing the expression of MyD88, miR-1 attenuated activation of the Dorsal pathway. With miR-1 as the mediator, STAT also exerted a negative regulatory effect on the Dorsal pathway. Moreover, miR-1 was involved in regulation of the expression of a set of immune effector genes and the phagocytic activity of hemocytes and had an inhibitory or excitatory effect on antibacterial or antiviral responses, respectively. Taken together, the current study revealed a microRNA-mediated inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by the JAK-STAT pathway in an invertebrate, which could contribute to immune homeostasis and shaping immune responses.
Communication Pathology: The Way In Africa*
Authors: Hugo Rene
Published: April 2020

Universities in Southern Africa are currently deeply involved in transformation processes in order to ensure world class tertiary education. More specifically in the case of vocationally oriented tertiary programmes, it has become necessary to provide answers to questions like: are the academic outcomes of higher education relevant to and accountable in the context of the workplace? For the Department of Communication Pathology at the University of Pretoria the answer is unequivocal - a programme that aims to provide learning opportunities for professionals who must eventually render a service to a specific population (the individual with a speech, voice; language or hearing disorder), should ensure that the characteristics of this population serve as the basis for strategic planning. This population is an African population. Educational programmes, research projects and community service must therefore be africanised.
Attitudes of a Group of Primary School Teachers Towards The Educational Inclusion of Hearing-Impaired Learners in Regular Classrooms
Authors: Keith Kerry , Ross Eleanor
Published: April 2020

Research has clearly demonstrated a link between the attitudes of regular education teachers and the success of inclusion of learners with special educational needs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of a group of junior primary school teachers from the Gauteng area towards the inclusion of hearing-impaired children into regular classes. A survey research design was employed which utilized a questionnaire as the research tool. Analysis of results indicated that the teachers surveyed were relatively positive in their attitudes towards inclusion. Greater exposure to disability in terms of training and experience was related to more positive attitudes. Similarly, more positive attitudes were related to greater perceived competence in teaching hearing-impaired pupils. All of the teachers surveyed felt that speech-language pathologists and audiologists (SLPs As) should be involved in facilitating inclusion of hearing-impaired children. Many of the respondents expressed concern regarding their lack of training, knowledge and skills. The findings from the research project highlight the need for an adequate training and support system for teachers prior to the implementation of an inclusive educati9nal policy, and the potential role of SLPs As in this regard.
Perceptions of Tinnitus in a Group of Senior Citizens
Authors: Sourgen Pamela M. , Ross Eleanor
Published: April 2020

Although previous research has highlighted the debilitating effects of tinnitus on quality of life, most studies appear to have targeted the general population, with few researchers focusing specifically on elderly persons. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of tinnitus in a group of 20 senior citizens. A questionnaire based on existing research instruments developed by Stouffer and Tyler (1990) and Wilson et al. (1991) was used to elicit information regarding the auditory-perceptual characteristics of tinnitus, effects of tinnitus on lifestyle, perceived causes, factors aggravating or ameliorating tinnitus and coping strategies employed. Results supported findings from earlier research and indicated that tinnitus did indeed exert an impact on respondents' lives with 65% avoiding noisy situations, 65% having difficulty relaxing, and 55% struggling to follow conversations. Almost two-thirds, namely 70%, of respondents reported feelings of frustration, 60% and 55% mentioned feelings of tenseness and irritability respectively, while 50% experienced depression associated with the tinnitus. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the education of health care professionals, management of tinnitus patients in general, public and patient awareness campaigns, the establishment of Tinnitus Self Help Groups, and further research.
Use of the NAL-AB Wordlists as a South African English Speech Discrimination Test
Authors: Wilson Wayne J. , Jones Beverley , Fridjhon Peter
Published: April 2020

South Africa still lacks a South African English specific speech discrimination test. As an alternative, this study investigated the use of the Australian English, National Acoustic Laboratories Arthur Boothroyd (N AL-AB) wordlists to assess the speech discrimination of South African English speakers. Thirty South African English speakers were tested at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 25 dBHL  (audiometer dial reading) and their performance-intensity functions were compared qualitatively to the NAL-AB wordlist normative data. Results showed three general patterns; similar performance for both groups; poorer performance by the South African English speakers at the low to mid presentation intensities only; and poorer performance by the South African English speakers across most presentation intensities. Use of the NAL-AB wordlists at threshold levels or for site of lesion assessment was therefore concluded to be unwise. Use of these wordlists at supra-threshold levels, however, would provide a valid and reliable option for the speech discrimination assessment of South African English speakers.
Measurement report: Characteristics and sources of non-methane VOCs and their roles in SOA formation during autumn in a central Chinese city
Authors: Zhang Haixu , Chen Chunrong , Yan Weijia , Wu Nana , Bo Yu , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation due to their dual roles as precursors and oxidant producers. In this work, the VOC species in Xinxiang, a mid-sized city located in Henan Province in central China, were measured and analysed from November 5th to December 3rd, 2018. Based on online monitoring with proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and canister grab samples, 53 VOC species are obviously detected, and the most abundant categories are oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and benzenoids. Compared with field measurements in other regions, the mixing ratios of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), acetaldehyde, and C3 carbonyls are at high levels, indicating intensive anthropogenic emissions in Xinxiang. According to the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, benzenoids are mainly emitted from solvent evaporation (~47 %), residential heating (~19 %), industrial emission (~16 %), and vehicle exhaust (~10 %), while the contributions from biogenic and secondary sources as well as thermal power generation are minor. However, the emissions of total OVOCs from the six resolved sources are similar. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) results show that the transport contribution for VOCs is not intensive, but the cities within Henan Province or in the neighbouring provinces may influence the mixing ratios to some extent. The roles of benzenoids and OVOCs in SOA formation are investigated by estimating the mass of oxidation products and rates of OH radical production. Among the observed VOCs, toluene has the largest SOA formation potential (SOAFP), while its weight in SOA formation declines with the aggravation of pollution. On the other hand, the SOA concentration shows a good relationship with OH exposure, which highlights the importance of the atmospheric oxidation capacity, especially in polluted periods. Formaldehyde is the strongest radical contributor, and the contribution of acetaldehyde is also significant in this study. Furthermore, solvent evaporation, industrial emissions, and vehicle exhaust are estimated as the top three anthropogenic contributors with the highest SOAFP and radical contribution rate.
Linking Drought Forecast Information to Smallholder Farmer’s Strategies and Local Knowledge in Southern Malawi
Authors: Streefkerk Ileen , Winsemius Hessel , van den Homberg Marc , Werner Micha , Comes Tina , Ertsen Maurits , Mittal Neha , Gumbi Gumbi
Published: April 2020

Most people of Malawi are dependent on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. This leaves them vulnerable to drought and changing rainfall patterns due to climate change. Farmers have adopted local strategies and knowledge which have evolved over time to help in reducing the overall vulnerability to climate variability shocks. One other option to increase the resilience of rainfed farmers to drought, is providing forecast information on the upcoming rainfall season. Forecast information has the potential to inform farmers in their decisions surrounding agricultural strategies. However, significant challenges remain in the provision of forecast information. Often, the forecast information is not tailored to farmers, resulting in limited uptake of forecast information into their agricultural decision-making.

Therefore, this study explores how drought forecast information can be linked to existing farmers strategies and local knowledge on predicting future rainfall patterns. By using participatory approaches, an understanding is created of what requirements drought forecast information should meet to effectively inform farmers in their decision-making. Based on these requirements a sequential threshold model, using meteorological indicators based on farmer’s local knowledge was developed to predict drought indicators (e.g. late onset of rains and dry spells). Additionally, using interviews among stakeholders and a visualisation of the current information flow, further insights on the current drought information system was developed.

The results of this research show that local knowledge has a predictive value for forecasting drought indicators. The skill of the forecast differs per location with an increased skill for Southern locations. In addition, the results suggest that local knowledge indicators have an increased predictive value in forecasting the locally relevant drought indicators in comparison the currently used ENSO-related indicators. This research argues that the inclusion of local knowledge could potentially improve the current forecast information by tailoring it to farmer's forecast requirements and context. Therefore, the findings of this research could be insightful and relevant for actors or research fields involved in drought forecasting in relation to user-specific needs. 
Quantifying the impacts of human water use and climate variations on recent drying of Lake Urmia basin: the value of different sets of spaceborne and in situ data for calibrating a global hydrological model
Authors: Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Araghinejad Shahab , Tourian Mohammad J. , Ebrahimi Kumars , Döll Petra
Published: April 2020

Abstract. During the last decades, the endorheic Lake Urmia basin in northwestern Iran has suffered from declining groundwater tables and a very strong recent reduction in the volume of Lake Urmia. For the case of Lake Urmia basin, this study explores the value of different locally and globally available observation data for adjusting a global hydrological model such that it can be used for distinguishing the impacts of human water use and climate variations. The WaterGAP Global
Hydrology Model (WGHM) was for the first time calibrated against multiple
in situ and spaceborne data to analyze the decreasing lake water volume,
lake river inflow, loss of groundwater, and total water storage in the
entire basin during 2003–2013. The calibration process was done using an
automated approach including a genetic algorithm (GA) and non-dominated
sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Then the best-performing calibrated
models were run with and without considering water use to quantify the
impact of human water use. Observations encompass remote-sensing-based time
series of annual irrigated areas in the basin from MODIS, monthly total
water storage anomaly (TWSA) from GRACE satellites, and monthly lake volume
anomalies. In situ observations include time series of annual inflow into
the lake and basin averages of groundwater level variations based on 284
wells. In addition, local estimates of sectoral water withdrawals in 2009
and return flow fractions were utilized. Calibration against MODIS and GRACE data alone improved simulated inflow into Lake Urmia but inflow and lake volume loss were still overestimated, while groundwater loss was underestimated and seasonality of groundwater storage was shifted as
compared to observations. Lake and groundwater dynamics could only be
simulated well if calibration against groundwater levels led to an adjustment of the fractions of human water use from groundwater and surface
water. Thus, in some basins, globally available satellite-derived observations may
not suffice for improving the simulation of human water use. According to
WGHM simulations with 18 optimal parameter sets, human water use was the
reason for 52 %–57 % of the total basin water loss of about 10 km3 during 2003–2013, for 39 %–43 % of the Lake Urmia water loss of about 8 km3, and for up to 87 %–90 % of the groundwater loss. Lake inflow was 39 %–45 % less than it would have been without human water use. The study shows that even without human water use Lake Urmia would not have recovered from the significant loss of lake water volume caused by the drought year 2008. These findings can support water management in the basin and more specifically Lake Urmia restoration plans.
Brief communication: simple-INSYDE, development of a new tool for flood damage evaluation from an existing synthetic model
Authors: Galliani Marta , Molinari Daniela , Ballio Francesco
Published: April 2020

Abstract. INSYDE is a multi-variable, synthetic model for flood damage assessment to dwellings. The analysis and use of this model highlighted some weaknesses, linked to its complexity, that can undermine its usability and correct implementation. This study proposes a simplified version of INSYDE which maintains its multi-variable and synthetic nature, but has simpler mathematical formulations permitting an easier use and a direct analysis of the relation between damage and its explanatory variables.
In Praise of Ambiguity: Everyday Christianity through the Lens of Existential Anthropology
Authors: Premawardhana Devaka
Published: April 2020

A recent theoretical move among ethnographers of religion challenges the social scientific tendency to reduce people’s beliefs and practices to one or another religious tradition, to a religious affiliation assumed to operate as a master identity. Some scholars advancing this move draw on the insights of existential anthropology to emphasize the ambiguities and indeterminacies of religious life. The aim of this article is to argue for the relevance of existential anthropology for ethnographic approaches to the study of World Christianity. That relevance lies not only in existential anthropology’s capacity to convey the complexity of everyday religion, but also in the entanglements of existentialism itself with multiple aspects of Christian theology, past and present.
A Historian/Historian of Religions’ Response
Authors: Young Richard Fox
Published: April 2020

As a historian-cum-historian of religion, I welcome the fine collection of essays in this special issue of the journal, contributed by a promising cohort of emerging ethnographers of World Christianity. As a non-ethnographer, I employ as a baseline measure of their endeavors the characteristic historiography of the field, in particular the value it places on indigenous appropriation over missionary transmission (an approach pioneered by Andrew Walls and Lamin Sanneh, among others). I couple that with a studied conviction that Christianity in the global South invariably emerges out of a matrix conditioned by a complex of pre-existing religions, varying, naturally, by time and place. In the following, I bundle the six authors into a group of two, whose case studies illuminate contrastive poles in the practice of ethnography for World Christianity, and a group of four, who each espouse a theory-laden ethnography intended to change the trajectory of the field, even as they emerge from it.
Managua, Salsa City y Noche de piedras
Authors: Uriarte Iván
Published: April 2020

La cité, la cita, die Stadt, the city, ha sido, desde sus inicios, desde los primeros trazos de Vitrubio, la raíz explorativa de la novela, bien se trate de Petronio, de Restif de la Bretonne o Sebastien Mercier, arco voltaico que ya nos introduce en la ciudad como tal preludiando Los misterios de París de Eugene Sue, La Fille au yeux d’or de Balzac, uno de los más extraordinarios textos que he leído sobre el despertar de una ciudad, una ciudad con puertas, como era el París que el gran novelista todavía logra incorporar a La Comedia Humana. Vasto y apasionado tema: el corazón de la novela misma. Esa ciudad que el exiliado Constantinos Petros Cavafis había cantado con nostalgia sentimental e irredimible, y que Henry.
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS QUESTIONNAIRE: ADAPTAÇÃO CULTURAL E VALIDAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA PARA PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Michinov Estelle , Luna Thaís Duarte da Costa , Conde Poliana Dos Santos , Pereira-Caldeira Natalia Maria Vieira , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação cultural e a validação semântica do Standard Precautions Questionnairepara profissionais de saúde brasileiros.Métodos: estudo desenvolvido entre 2017 e 2018 no Rio de Janeiro. A adaptação cultural incluiu atradução, o consenso sobre a versão em português, a avaliação por especialistas, a retrotradução,o consenso e a comparação com a versão original, a avaliação semântica e a validação semântica.Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados.Resultados: na validação de conteúdo, as pontuações variaram de 0.60 a 1.00 e a pontuação foiigual a 0.96, indicando que os itens são muito representativos. Na avaliação semântica, 22 (80%)itens foram considerados relevantes e 24 (100%) itens foram considerados claros e compreensíveispor todos os profissionais.Conclusão: os itens da versão brasileira do instrumento foram representativos e relevantes paraa prática clínica de profissionais de saúde na avaliação dos obstáculos para aderir a precauçõespadrão. Estudos são necessários para avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DO ESTUPRO EM ADOLESCENTES: CARACTERÍSTICAS E IMPACTOS
Authors: Abreu Paula Daniella de , Santos Zailde Carvalho dos , Lúcio Firley Poliana Da Silva , Cunha Tarcisio Neves da , Araújo Ednaldo Cavalcante de , Santos Claudia Benedita dos , Vasconcelos Eliane Maria Ribeiro de
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre as taxas brutas de violência por estupro e ano de ocorrência e opadrão espacial da ocorrência dos casos notificados de violência por estupro contra adolescentes.Método: estudo ecológico com tendência temporal, constituído a partir das notificações no períodode 2009 a 2014, referentes aos casos de violência por estupro contra adolescentes residentes noestado de Pernambuco, coletados por município pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos deNotificação. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do programa TerraView versão 4.2.2, pormeio das bases cartográficas digitais dos municipais de Pernambuco e quantitativo populacionaldisponibilizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia de Estatística.Resultados: constatou-se a correlação linear positiva em relação às variáveis representadas pelastaxas brutas e ano de ocorrência e associação espacial entre os municípios.Conclusão: o enfrentamento deste agravo requer mudanças de concepções culturais e suportegovernamental para efetivação de ações intersetoriais de saúde.
AVALIAÇÃO DE FATORES DE RISCO PARA COMPLICAÇÕES NO PERIOPERATÓRIO RELACIONADAS À SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE
Authors: Ponte Vanessa Aguiar , Massena Anderson Mariano , Silva Alan Sidney Jacinto da , Araújo Thiago Moura de
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar fatores de risco para complicações perioperatórias relacionadas à segurança dopaciente, mediante uso de um instrumento de avaliação.Método: estudo transversal com abordagem exploratória realizado em um hospital no estado doCeará, de março a abril de 2017.Resultados: destaca-se a não aplicação das escalas de Glasgow e Aldrete-Kroulik e a ausência deidentificação do paciente. Em mais de 69% da amostra não se obteve o termo de consentimento pararealização da cirurgia e o anestesiologista não se manteve presente na realização do procedimentocirúrgico. Houve significância na relação entre a verificação das queixas no pré-operatório e ascirurgias eletivas e de urgência (p<0,001).Conclusão: diversos riscos podem ocasionar complicações no perioperatório, estes são evitáveisse os profissionais seguirem as recomendações de segurança do paciente orientadas pelaOrganização Mundial de Saúde, aliada à adoção de protocolos e checklists. Esse estudo demostraquais resultados podem ser obtidos ao se adotar tais procedimentos.
NOTIFICAÇÃO DA SÍFILIS ADQUIRIDA EM UMA SUPERINTENDÊNCIA REGIONAL DE SAÚDE DO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Freitas Grazielle Miranda , Nascimento Murilo César do , Loyola Edilaine Assunção Caetano de , Tavares André Silva , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Terra Fábio De Souza
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar as notificações dos casos de sífilis adquirida em uma Superintendência Regionalde Saúde do Sul de Minas Gerais.Método: estudo transversal-descritivo-analítico dos 294 casos de sífilis notificados entre janeiro de2010 e junho de 2017. Na coleta utilizou-se um instrumento elaborado pelos pesquisadores e osdados foram analisados com os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. Estimou-se oodds ratio das variáveis, com o intervalo de confiança de 95%.Resultados: observou-se maior frequência de pessoas com faixa etária de 20 a 35 anos, 162(55,1%); sexo masculino, 203 (69%); escolaridade de ensino médio completo, 58 (19,7%); resultadodo teste não-treponêmico reagente, 256 (87,1%), 156 (53,1%); classificação clínica em fase terciária,89 (30,3%). A variável sexo apresentou associação significativa com o comportamento sexual(p<0,001).Conclusão: a avaliação das notificações foi alcançada, o que pode favorecer a detecção precoce, odiagnóstico apropriado e o tratamento imediato à pessoa.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ADOLESCENTES SOBRE O PROCESSO DE ADOECER E ADOLESCER COM CÂNCER
Authors: Costa Marta Solange Camarinha Ramos , Silva Silvio Éder Dias da , Ramos Aline Maria Pereira Cruz , Panzetti Tatiana Menezes Noronha , Santana Mary Elizabeth de
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: descrever as representações sociais de adolescentes sobre o processo de adoecimentode câncer.Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, embasado na Teoria das RepresentaçõesSociais, com 31 adolescentes em tratamento oncológico em um hospital público, em Belém doPará. Realizado com entrevistas individuais, submetidas à análise temática indutiva.Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias temáticas: o câncer como doença psicossocial; avivência do adoecer e adolescer com câncer; e o enfrentamento das alterações corporais advindasdo adoecimento.Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para a compreensão das representações sociais sobre o câncer naadolescência, subsidiando o enfermeiro na construção de conhecimentos junto ao adolescentecom câncer, para assistência de maior qualidade.
HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM CONCEPT AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES: INTRODUCTION INTO THE DEBATE ON THE NEW ICOM MUSEUM DEFINITION
Authors: Folga-Januszewska Dorota
Published: April 2020

The topic discussed in the paper is the change and evolution the concept of museum (Greek: museion, Latin: musaeum) has been undergoing for over 2500 years, as well as many of its different meanings: from the definition of a spot in space, including a place of worship, up to the name of learning form, research and knowledge centre, collection of texts and poetry, music and theatre festival, synonyms of a dictionary and encyclopaedia, library and a secluded study spot, up to large institutions co-creating culture and educating socially. Once museums had become social institutions, the process of defining their organizational form and their mission limits began. The International Council of Museums (ICOM), as an organization grouping museum employees and museologists, namely both practitioners and theoreticians, ever since its establishment in 1946 has on a number of occasions initiated works on a shared definition of museum. The paper assembles all the ICOM-proposed definitions in 1946–2007 presented both in English and Polish. The latest proposal submitted at the Kyoto ICOM General Conference on 7 September 2019 (Annex 1), however, for the first time aroused a heated debate and was not finally voted on by the ICOM General Assembly; instead, the debate has continued on the proposed phrasing since. The historical overview of the museum concept and the history of the ICOM museum definition presented against the opinions of invited Polish museum professionals is the ‘record of time’, documenting the considerations on the role and tasks of museum in contemporary society.
Minderjährigenehen in Deutschland
Authors: Schulte-Rudzio Florentine Katharina
Published: April 2020

Im Zuge der zunehmenden Zuwanderung nach Deutschland ist die Thematik von Minderjährigenehen neu in den Fokus gerückt. Der Gesetzgeber hat auf das scheinbar zunehmende Phänomen „Minderjährigenehe“ mit dem Gesetz zur Bekämpfung von Kinderehen reagiert. Der BGH hält den neu eingeführten Art. 13 Abs. 3 Nr. 1 EGBGB für verfassungswidrig und hat die Frage dem Bundesverfassungsgericht vorgelegt. Die Kernfrage der vorliegenden Analyse lautet demnach: Ist das Gesetz zur Bekämpfung von Kinderehen mit den Vorgaben der Verfassung, des Europa- und Völkerrechts vereinbar? Durch Überprüfung und Vergleich zwischen alter und geltender Rechtslage zum Umgang mit Minderjährigenehen in Deutschland werden Empfehlungen zur Rechtslage de lege ferenda vorgelegt.