bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pien Tze Huang regulates phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes in mice of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Jinxia , Wang Shicong , Lan Wenliang , Ji Ming , Li Mei
Published: February 2023

The Chinese medicine formula Pien Tze Huang (PZH) has been applied to the treatment of various diseases, the reported anti-tumor mechanisms included regulation of inflammation-associated cytokine secretion and cancer growth pathways. However, the potential influence of PZH on tumor metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the global effect of PZH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with the anti-tumor agent sorafenib based on tandem mass tag (TMT) label proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in addition to parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verification. It was observed that PZH could inhibit tumor weight by 59–69% in different concentrations. TMT proteomic studies indicated that fructose/mannose metabolism and glucagon signaling pathway in PZH group, and arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway in sorafenib group, were significantly enriched, while glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was found to be enriched remarkably both in PZH and sorafenib groups in TMT phosphoproteomic study. PRM verification further indicated that both PZH and sorafenib could down-regulate phosphorylations of the glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinases 1, fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase A, phosphoglycerate mutase 2 and lactate dehydrogenase A chain, while phosphorylations of long chain fatty acid CoA ligase in fatty acid activation and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in glycolysis were significantly inhibited by PZH and sorafenib, respectively. This study proposed that PZH shared a similar anti-tumor mechanism of metabolic regulation to sorafenib, but differed in the regulation of some metabolic nodes. This is the first time to uncover the relationship between the anti-tumor effect of PZH and metabolic related enzymes, which distinguished from the known mechanisms of PZH. These data provided the potential molecular basis for PZH acting as a therapeutic drug for HCC, and offered cues of manipulation on Warburg effect under the treatment of PZH.
Core Concepts for a Course on Materials Chemistry
Authors: Radhakrishnan T P
Published: February 2023

Anyone who has taught materials chemistry will be aware that it is an expansive subject. Whilst this makes it exciting, it can also overwhelm students who end up lost in the detail. This book provides an antidote.

Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, Core Concepts for a Course on Materials Chemistry is a distillation of the fundamental topics born out of the author’s 30 years of teaching experience.

Covering many broad themes in materials chemistry, this textbook provides teachers and students with the essential concepts in a concise form. Taking a systematic approach, the book is arranged into seven chapters:

Solid State Structure

Defects and Non-stoichiometry

Thermal Properties

Electrical Properties

Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties

Materials Synthesis and Fabrication

The author adopts a telescopic approach to each area, capturing the broader picture before detail is revealed, allowing students to readily make logical connections. The strong visual focus conveys complex ideas in a comprehensive style, supporting the physical and analytical presentation.

A note on how to effectively use the book is included for instructors, making this text easy to embed in existing or new materials chemistry courses. Students will benefit from the numerous examples that place the topics in the right context, and the exercises that test comprehension. Suitable for chemists and materials scientists, this book is ideal for self-study, as well as for the efficient teaching of a course.
March of the Pigments
Authors: Orna Mary Virginia
Published: February 2023

Take a colorful walk through human ingenuity.

Humans have been unpacking the earth to use pigments since cavemen times. Starting out from surface pigments for cave paintings, we’ve dug deep for minerals, mined oceans for colors and exploited the world of plants and animals. Our accidental fumbles have given birth to a whole family of brilliant blues that grace our museums, mansions and motorcars. We’ve turned waste materials into a whole rainbow of tints and hues to color our clothes, our food and ourselves. With the snip of a genetic scissor, we’ve harnessed bacteria to gift us with “greener” blue jeans and dazzling dashikis. As the pigments march on into the future, who knows what new and exciting inventions will emerge?

Mary Virginia Orna, a world-recognized expert on color, will lead you through an illuminating journey exploring the science behind pigments. Pausing for reflections en route to share stories around pigment use and discoveries informed by history, religion, sociology and human endeavour, this book will have you absorbing science and regaling tales.  Jam packed with nuggets of information, March of the Pigments will have the curiously minded and the expert scientist turning pages to discover more.
A Healthy, Wealthy, Sustainable World
Authors: Emsley John
Published: February 2023

This book explains to the general reader the roles of chemistry in various areas of life ranging from the entirely personal to the worryingly global. These roles are currently not widely appreciated and certainly not well understood. The book is aimed at educated laypeople who want to know more about the world around them but have little chemical knowledge. The themes relate to the importance of chemistry in everyday life, the benefits they currently bring, and how their use can continue on a sustainable basis. Topics include: Health - conquering the diseases and stresses which still threaten us. Food - the role of agrochemicals and food chemists. Water - drinking water; the seas as a resource of raw materials. Fuels - what are they and from what are they made? Plastics - what are the used for and can they be sustainable? Cities - what role has chemistry in modern life? Sport - chemistry has changed the game. The world stands at a crossroads. What route to the future should we take? The road to a sustainable city beckons, but what effect will this have on chemistry, which appears so dependent on fossil resources? Its products are part of everyday living, and without them we could regress to the world of earlier generations when lives were blighted by disease, famines, dirt, and pain. In fact the industries based on chemistry the chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries could be sustainable and not only benefit those in the developed world but could be shared by everyone on this planet and for generations to come. This book shows how it might be achieved.
Alcohol and its Role in the Evolution of Human Society
Authors: Hornsey Ian S
Published: February 2023

Archaelogists and anthropologists (especially ethnologists) have for many years realised that man's ingestion of alcoholic beverages may well have played a significant part in his transition from hunter-gatherer to agriculturalist. This unique book provides a scientific text on the subject of 'ethanol' that also aims to include material designed to show 'non-scientists' what fermentation is all about. Conversely, scientists may well be surprised to find the extent to which ethanol has played a part in evolution and civilisation of our species.
The Chemists' War: 1914–1918
Authors: Freemantle Michael
Published: February 2023

Within months of the start of the First World War, Germany began to run out of the raw materials it needed to make explosives. As Germany faced imminent defeat, chemists such as Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch came to the rescue with Nobel Prize winning discoveries that overcame the shortages and enabled the country to continue in the war. Similarly, Britain could not have sustained its war effort for four years had it not been for chemists like Chaim Weizmann who was later to become the first president of the State of Israel.

Michael Freemantle tells the stories of these and many other chemists and explains how their work underpinned and shaped what became known as The Chemists’ War. He reveals:

• how chemistry contributed to the care of the sick and wounded and to the health and safety of troops;

• how coal not only powered the war but was also an important source of the chemicals needed for the manufacture of explosives, dyes, medicines and antiseptics;

• how Britain’s production of propellants relied on the slaughter of tens of thousands of whales;

• how a precious metal played a critical role in the war;

• how poisonous chemicals were used as weapons of mass destruction for the first time in the history of warfare and how chemists developed gas masks for protection against these weapons;

• how the British naval blockade of Germany imperilled agricultural production in the United States.

The book will appeal to the general reader as well as the many scientists and historians interested in the Great War.
Everything Is Natural: Exploring How Chemicals Are Natural, How Nature Is Chemical and Why That Should Excite Us
Authors: Kennedy James
Published: February 2023

Since the early 1990s, advances in toxicology have allowed scientists to detect traces of adulterant substances in everyday products – even down to parts per billion concentrations. We can now detect the presence of harmful ingredients at levels so low that they actually cause no harm.

Nonetheless, we get scared. We are now able to overreact to harmless, negligible sources of contamination and flock to ‘natural’, ‘organic’ and ‘chemical-free’ alternative products at elevated prices instead. This urge is driven in part by a set of interesting psychological quirks called the naturalness preference or biophilia. While exposure to many aspects of nature improves our physical and mental wellbeing, marketers are taking advantage of our naturalness preference by selling us ‘organic’ and ‘natural’ products with no functional advantage, sometimes to the detriment of the environment, and that have the unfortunate added effect of peddling a fear of conventional products that do not make such natural connotations. This fear of chemicals, exaggerated by marketers, has led some of us to seek nature in the form of expensive consumer product, which offer almost none of the benefits of spending time outdoors in real nature (which is free of charge).

We thus chase nature in the wrong form. We feel guilt, anxiety and mental stress from being coaxed into paying a hefty premium price for "natural" products that are neither safer nor more effective than conventional ones, and forget to appreciate real nature in the process.

This book explores the history of chemical fears and the recent events that amplified it. It describes how consumers, teachers, doctors, lawmakers and journalists can help make better connections with the public by telling stories that are more engaging about chemistry and materials science. Written in a sympathetic way, this book explains both sides of the argument for anyone with an interest in science.
The Science of Ice Cream
Authors: Clarke Chris
Published: February 2023

Ice cream as we recognize it today has been in existence for at least 300 years, though its origins probably go much further back in time. Before the development of refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions but its advance to commercial manufacture was helped by the first ice cream making machine patented by Nancy Johnson in Philadelphia in the 1840s. The second edition of The Science of Ice Cream has been fully revised and updated with new material. The book still begins with the history of ice cream, subsequent chapters looking at the link between the microscopic and macroscopic properties and how these relate to the ultimate texture of the product you eat. Information on nutritional aspects and developments in new products and processes for making ice cream have been added and the books is completed with some suggestions for experiments relating to ice cream and how to make it at home or in a school laboratory. The book has authenticity and immediacy, being written by an active industrial practitioner, and is ideal for undergraduate food science students as well as those working in the food industry. It is also accessible to the general reader who has studied science to A-level and provides teachers with ideas for using ice cream to illustrate scientific principles.
A Primer in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation: Concepts to Applications
Authors: Stephan Douglas
Published: February 2023

Written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as those chemists unfamiliar with “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)”, this text serves as an introduction to the both the concept and application of FLPs in hydrogenation catalysis.

The book begins by setting the stage as it was around the turn of the century. While the dramatic impacts of catalysis were undeniable, there was dependence of such technologies on transition metal chemistry. Contrastingly, the chemistry of main group elements was dominated by Lewis acid-base behavior. However, these perceptions were altered with the discovery of the ability of “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)” to activate dihydrogen. The basic features, and mechanisms of action of these unique main group systems are chronicled, while the evolution of the initial findings to applications in catalytic hydrogenation is discussed. A subsequent chapter focuses on the breadth of organic substrates for which borane based FLP hydrogenations are effective. This is furthered with a chapter on the metal-free enantioselective reductions. FLP chemistry is not limited to systems involving boranes and this book also catalogues a range of FLP hydrogenation catalysts involving elements from across the periodic table. The final chapter in the book describes other directions of interest where the application of the concept of FLPs hydrogenation are beginning to emerge.

Ideal for course use and self study, this book provides synthetic chemists with a fresh, expert introduction to the field. The reader will be left recognizing that hydrogenation catalysts is a domain no longer limited to transition metals.
Synthetic Methods in Organic Electronic and Photonic Materials: A Practical Guide
Authors: Parker Timothy , Marder Seth
Published: February 2023

With the development of courses on materials synthesis and the need to carry out specific chemical transformations in the laboratory, good practical advice will be needed for those requiring more detail on conjugated materials synthesis. The purpose of this book is to give researchers and students an introduction and reference that efficiently provides general information for each important synthetic method category and a number of examples from the literature to convey practically important variations. It is useful as an outline for advanced organic and materials science courses as well as a good introduction and desk reference for new and experienced researchers in the field.
Water Droplets to Nanotechnology: A Journey Through Self-Assembly
Authors: Innocenzi Plinio , Malfatti Luca , Falcaro Paolo
Published: February 2023

The ability of nanostructures to organize into complex arrangements leads to unique materials with valuable applications. Self-assembly is therefore a key concept for nanotechnology, but it can be quite a complex and difficult subject to approach. Water Droplets to Nanotechnology gives a simple and general overview of the different self-assembly processes which are at the basis of recent developments in nanotechnology.

The book shows how simple phenomenon from everyday examples can become sophisticated tools for self-assembly and the fabrication of nanomaterials. By exploring the coffee stain and tears of wine phenomena, the first part looks at how the evaporation of a droplet of colloidal solution can be used in designing organized structures. This leads onto more complex systems such as templated porous materials, photonic crystals, colloidal nanocrystals and quasi-crystals through to bottom-up systems for designing hierarchal materials.

By taking the reader on a journey from everyday life to the secrets of nanotechnology, the book is suitable for a non-specialist audience interested in self-assembly as well as the wider perspectives and latest developments of nanoscience.
Histological Techniques: An Introduction for Beginners in Toxicology
Authors: Maynard Robert , Downes Noel , Finney Brenda
Published: February 2023

Histological techniques form the basis of many areas of research, yet they can often be poorly understood. Aimed at postgraduate students and those at an early stage of their career, this title provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to histological techniques. With detailed images and slides, this book provides a unique overview of the area while providing the reader with a guide to how to use and incorporate histological techniques within their own research. Written by experts working within the field, this book is an essential handbook for anyone wanting to learn more about histological methods and how to apply them successfully.
Petroleum Engineering Explained: Basic Concepts for Novices
Authors: Shallcross David
Published: February 2023

Assuming no mathematical or chemistry knowledge, this book introduces complete beginners to the field of petroleum engineering. Written in a straightforward style, the author takes a practical approach to the subject avoiding complex mathematics to achieve a text that is robust without being intimidating.

Covering traditional petroleum engineering topics, readers of this book will learn about the formation and characteristics of petroleum reservoirs, the chemical properties of petroleum, the processes involved in the exploitation of reservoirs, post-extraction processing, industrial safety, and the long-term outlook for the oil and gas production. The descriptions and discussions are informed by considering the production histories of several fields including the Ekofisk field in the North Sea, the Wyburn Field in Canada, the Manifa Field in Saudi Arabia and the Wilmington Field off the Californian Coast. The factors leading up to the well blowouts on board the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Mantara Field in the Timor Sea are also examined. With a glossary to explain key words and concepts, this book is a perfect introduction for newcomers to a petroleum engineering course, as well as non-specialists in industry.

Professor David Shallcross is one of the foremost practitioners in chemical engineering education worldwide. Readers of this book will find his previous book, Chemical Engineering Explained, a useful companion.
The Cosmic-Chemical Bond
Authors: Williams David A , Hartquist T W
Published: February 2023

Introducing astrochemistry to a wide audience, this book describes how molecules formed in chemical reactions occur in a range of environments in interstellar and circumstellar space, from shortly after the Big Bang up to the present epoch. Stressing that chemistry in these environments needs to be driven, it helps identify these drivers and the various chemical networks that operate giving rise to signature molecules that enable the physics of the region to be better understood. The book emphasises, in a non-mathematical way, the chemistry of the Milky Way Galaxy and its planet-forming regions, describes how other galaxies may have rather different chemistries and shows how chemistry was important even in the Early Universe when most of the elements had yet to be formed. This book will appeal to anyone with a general interest in chemistry, from students to professional scientists working in interdisciplinary areas and non-scientists fascinated by the evolving and exciting story of chemistry in the cosmos.
Molecular Modelling: Computational Chemistry Demystified
Authors: Bladon Peter , Gorton John , Hammond Robert B
Published: February 2023

This book is a practical, easy to use guide for readers with limited experience of molecular modelling. It will provide students at the undergraduate and early postgraduate chemistry level with a similar entry to modelling. The needs of independent readers are catered for by the inclusion of instructions for acquiring and setting up a suitable computer. Unlike many other textbooks in this field, the authors avoid extensive discussion around complex mathematical foundations behind the methods, choosing instead to provide the reader with the choice of methods themselves. To further these aims of the book, compact discs are included that provide a comprehensive suite of modelling software and datasets. The continuing interest of the pharmaceutical industry in molecular modelling in early stage drug design is recognized by the inclusion of chapters Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. There is a chapter on modelling of the solid state, a subject that is also of importance for pharma, where problems due to polymorphism in the crystalline forms of drugs are often encountered in the later design stages.
Maths for Chemists
Authors: Doggett Graham , Cockett Martin
Published: February 2023

The two volumes of Maths for Chemists provide an excellent resource for all undergraduate chemistry students but are particularly focussed on the needs of students who may not have studied mathematics beyond GCSE level (or equivalent). The texts are introductory in nature and adopt a sympathetic approach for students who need support and understanding in working with the diverse mathematical tools required in a typical chemistry degree course. The early chapters of Maths for Chemists Volume I: Numbers, Functions and Calculus provide a succinct introduction to the important mathematical skills of algebraic manipulation, trigonometry, numbers, functions, units and the general grammar of maths. Later chapters build on these basic mathematical principles as a foundation for the development of differential and integral calculus. In spite of the introductory nature of this volume, some of the more important mathematical tools required in quantum chemistry are deliberately included, through a gradual introduction to, and development of, the concept of the eigenvalue problem. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.
Immunogenicity assessment of swim bladder-derived biomaterials
Authors: Kong Yuanyuan , Liu Jing , Jiang Honghui , Song Lili , Kong Deling , Wang Zhihong
Published: February 2023

The swim bladder-derived material did not elicit significant aberrant immune responses by in vitro and in vivo assays, giving strong confidence for its application in tissue engineering or medical devices.
Self-assembled nanomaterials for ferroptosis-based cancer theranostics
Authors: Ma Guiqi , Wang Kaiqi , Pang Xinlong , Xu Shanbin , Gao Yuan , Liang Yubo , Yang Jiaxin , Zhang Xinyu , Sun Xiao , Dong Jian
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in ferroptosis-based self-assembled anti-cancer nanomaterials are summarized, with particular emphasis on their detailed mechanisms for inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells as well as their unique advantages and future challenges.
Nanoscale characterization of the sequestration and transformation of silver and arsenic in soil organic matter using atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Akbari Alavijeh Mozhgan , Schindler Michael , Wirth Mark G. , Qafoku Odeta , Kovarik Libor , Perea Daniel E.
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the sequestration of silver and arsenic ions in soil organic matter at the nanoscale using the combination of atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, ion mill thinning and scanning electron microscopy.
Cross-talk and integrative post-translational modifications
Authors: Wu Si , Pino Lindsay
Published: February 2023

Si Wu and Lindsay Pino introduce this Molecular Omics themed issue on cross-talk and integrated post-translational modifications.
Degradation of ciprofloxacin by a constitutive g-C3N4/BiOCl heterojunction under a persulfate system
Authors: Lin Yingzi , Wang Yu , Shi Chunyan , Zhang Dongyan , Liu Gen , Chen Lei , Yuan Baoling , Hou Ao , Zou Deqiang , Liu Xiaochen , Zhang Qingyu
Published: February 2023

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a third-generation quinolone antimicrobial with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is not fully metabolized in the human body, resulting in more than 70% of CIP being excreted into water as a prodrug.
Numerical simulation and parameter optimization of micromixer device using fuzzy logic technique
Authors: K Karthikeyan , Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , P Saravanan , Alodhayb Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Simulated result of Y-shaped herringbone serpentine channel micromixer with obstacles.
Interfacial electronic and vacancy defect engineering coupling of the Z-scheme CsSnBr3/SnS2 heterostructure for photovoltaic performance: a hybrid DFT study
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Lin Yanming , Li Jiayi , Wei Xinru , Peng Ying , Wang Zhengkun , Maheskumar V. , Jiang Zhenyi , Du Aijun
Published: February 2023

Interfacial coupling of Z-scheme CsSnBr3/SnS2 heterostructure induces a narrowing band gap and reduces carrier recombination rate. Coupling interface and Br vacancy defects of CsSnBr3 has excellent photovoltaic performance.
A multifunctional paper-based supercapacitor with excellent temperature adaptability, plasticity, tensile strength, self-healing, and high thermoelectric effects
Authors: Xiong Chuanyin , Yang Qi , Dang Weihua , Zhou Qiusheng , Jiang Xue , Sun Xuhui , Wang Zequn , An Meng , Ni Yonghao
Published: February 2023

In recent years, the development of multi-functional supercapacitors with high flexibility and strong environmental adaptability has gradually become a focus of attention.
A rational design of polymers through donor modulation to weaken the aggregation-caused quenching effect for NIR-II fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhu Yaowei , Li Lili , Sun Bin , Zhang Min , Zhang Chunmei , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Li
Published: February 2023

Two D–A polymers, namely P-TB and P-TP,have been successfully applied for the live mice NIR-II fluorescence imaging. V-shaped P-TB possesses no obvious ACQ effect within 600 μM, outlining a prospective tactics to design conventional NIR-II fluorescent polymers.
p-Type ohmic contact to MoS2via binary compound electrodes
Authors: Ren Yin-Ti , Chen Yuan-Tao , Hu Liang , Wang Jiang-Long , Gong Peng-Lai , Zhang Hu , Huang Li , Shi Xing-Qiang
Published: February 2023

Both n- and p-type ohmic contact to MoS2 can be obtained via different CuS surfaces, due to the weak metallicity and large work function variation of the CuS surfaces, and due to interface quasi-bonding between CuS and MoS2.
Band-engineered dual-band visible and short-wave infrared photodetector with metal chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Qin Tianling , Mu Ge , Zhang Shuo , Luo Yuning , Chen Menglu , Tang Xin
Published: February 2023

A metal chalcogenide colloidal quantum dot-based dual-band detector consisting of two stacked photodiodes is reported that features bias-controlled visible and short-wave infrared dual operation modes.
Assessing Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Strengths via Auditory Brainstem Response: Measurement and Variability in Normal-Hearing Individuals
Authors: Holtmann Laura Christine , Strahlenbach Amadea , Hans Stefan , Jung Lea , Lang Stephan , Eichler Theda , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Optimal measurement settings to measure the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) in humans have not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to advance the representation of the MOCR in auditory brainstem response (ABR) as an addition to the current diagnostic portfolio.

Participants and Method:

Twelve female and 14 male normal-hearing adults participated in the study. Potential effects of a contralateral acoustic stimulus (CAS) on amplitude changes were investigated by recording ABR waveform profiles on the left side at click intensities of 50/60/70 dB nHL with and without CAS (60 dB SPL). Secondly, to detect potential chronological order influences, measurement settings were rearranged on the right side and measurements were repeated. Additionally, ABR thresholds were recorded with and without a CAS in 10 patients.

Results:

When the effect of contralateral suppression was analyzed on the basis of amplitude changes, there was a change under administration of the CAS signal that was statistically significant. Interestingly, the order of recordings affected the degree of amplitude change. In three out of 10 patients, reproducible suppression effects on ABR thresholds were detectable upon CAS presentation.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the largest study dealing with the recording of the MOCR elicited by a contralateral noise via ABR in normal-hearing individuals. Effects of MOCR are measurable via amplitude changes upon CAS administration. Chronological orders influence the impact of this effect on amplitude changes. Optimal measurement settings have not yet been defined. However, experiments such as this study may help to further improve measurements, and thus advance the representation of the MOC reflex in ABR as an addition to the current diagnostic portfolio.
MetaFL: Metamorphic fault localisation using weakly supervised deep learning
Authors: Fu Lingfeng , Lei Yan , Yan Meng , Xu Ling , Xu Zhou , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: February 2023

Deep‐Learning‐based Fault Localisation (DLFL) leverages deep neural networks to learn the relationship between statement behaviour and program failures, showing promising results. However, since DLFL uses program failures as labels to conduct supervised learning, a labelled dataset is a requisite of applying DLFL. A failure is detected by comparing program output with a test oracle which is the standard answer for the given input. The problem is, test oracles are often difficult, or even impossible to acquire in real life, and that has severely restricted the application of DLFL since we have only unlabelled datasets in most cases. Thus, MetaFL: Metamorphic Fault Localisation Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning is proposed, to provide a weakly supervised learning solution for DLFL. Instead of using test oracles, MetaFL uses metamorphic relations to prescribe expected behaviour of a program, and defines labels of metamorphic testing groups by verifying integrity in each group of test cases. Hence, a coarse‐grained labelled dataset can be built from the originally unlabelled one, with which DLFL can work now, utilising a weakly supervised learning paradigm. The experiments show that MetaFL yields a performance comparable to plain DLFL under ideal condition (i.e. the labels of datasets are available). MetaFL successfully extends the methodology of DLFL from supervised learning to weakly supervised learning, and a fully labelled dataset is no longer mandatory for applying DLFL.
SPDEs with space interactions and application to population modelling
Authors: Makhlouf K. , Agram N. , Hilbert A. , Øksendal B.
Published: February 2023

We consider optimal control of a new type of non-local stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). The SPDEs havespace interactions, in the sense that the dynamics of the system at timetand position in spacexalso depend on the space-mean of values at neighbouring points. This is a model with many applications,e.g.to population growth studies and epidemiology. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong, smooth solutions of a class of SPDEs with space interactions, and we show that, under some conditions, the solutions are positive for all times if the initial values are. Sufficient and necessary maximum principles for the optimal control of such systems are derived. Finally, we apply the results to study an optimal vaccine strategy problem for an epidemic by modelling the population density as a space-mean stochastic reaction-diffusion equation.
High Prevalence of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients Diagnosed with
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Leblebicier Merve Akdeniz , Özlü Aysun , Bakçepınar Gülsüm , Cihan Emine
Published: February 2023

Objective To evaluate foot function and prevalence of tarsal tunnel
syndrome in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome as compared with
healthy individuals.

Methods This prospective study included 111 participants, including 63
female patients with fibromyalgia (mean age: 46.17±6.64 years) and 48
female healthy controls (mean age: 46.16±9.38 years) who met the
selection criteria. The participants were evaluated for Tinel’s sign and
asked about the presence of foot pain and paraesthesia in both groups. In
addition, the participants were assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact
Questionnaire and Foot Function Index (FFI) for functionality. Bilateral
electrophysiological studies of the tibial, peroneal, sural, medial and lateral
plantar nerves were performed.

Results Tarsal tunnel syndrome was present in 20 extremities of the
patients with fibromyalgia (15.9%) and four extremities of the controls
(4.2%)(p=0.005). Paraesthesia was observed in 56 extremities in
the fibromyalgia group (44.4%) and 10 extremities in the control group
(10.4%)(p<0.001). Tinel’s sign was positive in 69
extremities (54.8%) in the fibromyalgia group and 17 in the control
group (17.7%)(p<0.001). The total number of painful feet was 123
(97.6%) in the fibromyalgia group and 22 (22.9%) in the control
group (p<0.001). The mean total FFI was 66.26±60.80 for the
right foot and 66.28±64.12 for the left foot in the FMS group; in the
control group, it was 16.02±31.01 and 16.87±34.14, respectively.
Both values exhibited a statistically significant difference between the two
groups (p<0.001)

Conclusion In patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, paraesthesia and foot
pain may be seen more frequently. Therefore, electrophysiological evaluation of
the lower extremities may be recommended in these patients.
Komplikatives Hämatomediastinum einer 76-jährigen Patientin nach Durchführung einer endosonografisch gesteuerten transbronchialen Kryobiopsie (EBUS-TBKB) bei Verdacht einer Lymphomerkrankung
Authors: Schwick Björn , Kintsler Svetlana , Lindemann-Docter Katharina , Jonigk Danny , Sodi Luna José Miguel , Krüger Ingo
Published: February 2023

Wir präsentieren den Fall einer Patientin mit schwerem Verlauf einer komplikativen mediastinalen Blutung nach endosonografisch gesteuerter transbronchialer Kryobiopsie (EBUS-TBKB) bei Verdacht einer fortgeschrittenen Lymphomerkrankung. Die EBUS-TBKB ist eine noch nicht routinemäßig angewandte effektive Untersuchungsmethode in der interventionellen Pneumologie zur Diagnose von Erkrankungen mit mediastinalen Lymphknotenvergrößerungen und intrathorakalen Tumoren, mit der große Gewebezylinder im Mediastinum gewonnen werden können. Aufgrund der hohen diagnostischen Wertigkeit der endobronchialen ultraschallgesteuerten transbronchialen Nadelaspiration (EBUS-TBNA) zur Abklärung einer Lymphadenopathie sollte die Untersuchung nicht als Routineanwendung erfolgen. Indikationen für eine primäre EBUS-TBKB können sich bei Verdacht auf intrathorakale maligne Lymphome oder andere seltene Tumoren, bei denen umfangreiches unfragmentiertes Gewebematerial für die Diagnosefindung erforderlich ist, ergeben. Eine seltene und bisher nicht in der Literatur beschriebene Komplikation ist ein Hämatomediastinum, sodass vor Intervention eine sorgfältige Risikoabwägung von möglicherweise auftretenden Blutungskomplikationen erfolgen sollte und die invasivere Mediastinoskopie eine sicherere Untersuchungsmethode sein kann.
Implementing an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome and Decision Support Tool in Early Intervention
Authors: Rizk Sabrin , Kaelin Vera C. , Sim Julia Gabrielle C. , Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Khetani Mary A. , Murphy Natalie J. , McManus Beth M. , Leland Natalie E. , Stoffel Ashley , James Lesly , Barnekow Kris
Published: February 2023

Objective The aim of the study is to identify and prioritize early intervention (EI) stakeholders' perspectives of supports and barriers to implementing the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM), an electronic patient-reported outcome (e-PRO) tool, for scaling its implementation across multiple local and state EI programs.

Methods An explanatory sequential (quan > QUAL) mixed-methods study was conducted with EI families (n = 6), service coordinators (n = 9), and program leadership (n = 7). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to share select quantitative pragmatic trial results (e.g., percentages for perceived helpfulness of implementation strategies) and elicit stakeholder perspectives to contextualize these results. Three study staff deductively coded transcripts to constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data within CFIR constructs were inductively analyzed to generate themes that were rated by national early childhood advisors for their relevance to longer term implementation.

Results All three stakeholder groups (i.e., families, service coordinators, program leadership) identified thematic supports and barriers across multiple constructs within each of four CFIR domains: (1) Six themes for “intervention characteristics,” (2) Six themes for “process,” (3) three themes for “inner setting,” and (4) four themes for “outer setting.” For example, all stakeholder groups described the value of the YC-PEM e-PRO in forging connections and eliciting meaningful information about family priorities for efficient service plan development (“intervention characteristics”). Stakeholders prioritized reaching families with diverse linguistic preferences and user navigation needs, further tailoring its interface with automated data capture and exchange processes (“process”); and fostering a positive implementation climate (“inner setting”). Service coordinators and program leadership further articulated the value of YC-PEM e-PRO results for improving EI access (“outer setting”).

Conclusion Results demonstrate the YC-PEM e-PRO is an evidence-based intervention that is viable for implementation. Optimizations to its interface are needed before undertaking hybrid type-2 and 3 multisite trials to test these implementation strategies across state and local EI programs with electronic data capture capabilities and diverse levels of organizational readiness and resources for implementation.
Plasma optics: A perspective for high-power coherent light generation and manipulation
Authors: Riconda C. , Weber S.
Published: February 2023

Over the last two decades, the importance of fully ionized plasmas for the controlled manipulation of high-power coherent light has increased considerably. Many ideas have been put forward on how to control or change the properties of laser pulses such as their frequency, spectrum, intensity, and polarization. The corresponding interaction with a plasma can take place either in a self-organizing way or by prior tailoring. Considerable work has been done in theoretical studies and in simulations, but at present there is a backlog of demand for experimental verification and the associated detailed characterization of plasma-optical elements. Existing proof-of-principle experiments need to be pushed to higher power levels. There is little doubt that plasmas have huge potential for future use in high-power optics. This introduction to the special issue of Matter and Radiation at Extremes devoted to plasma optics sets the framework, gives a short historical overview, and briefly describes the various articles in this collection.
Experimental study of the burning characteristics of dead forest fuels
Authors: Sahila A. , Boutchiche H. , Viegas D. X. , Reis L. , Pinto C. , Zekri N.
Published: February 2023

Background A deeper physical understanding of flame behaviour is necessary to make more reliable predictions about forest fire dynamics. Aims To study the container size effect on the combustion characteristics of herbaceous fuels. Methods Dead samples were put in cylindrical containers of different sizes, and were ignited at the lowest circumference of the basket in the absence of wind. Key results In the growth phase, there is an anomalously fast relaxation of the fuel mass accompanied by a super-diffusion of the emitted gas species, whereas in the decay phase, there is a stretched exponential relaxation and the gas species sub-diffuse through the porous fuel. The crossover between these two anomalous processes occurs when the flame is fully developed. Thomas’s correlation between flame height and fuel bed size, and the two-third power law dependence of the normalised flame height on the Froude number, fit the experimental data well. The flame height variation with burning rate exhibits a hysteresis cycle, implying the existence of memory effects on flame formation. Conclusions The observed relaxation regimes and hysteresis cycle seem to drive fire dynamics and behaviour. Implications Further investigation of the influence of the fuel geometry and porosity on these properties is necessary.
Ad hoc concepts, affective attitude and epistemic stance
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel
Published: February 2023

In relevance-theoretic pragmatics thelower-levelorfirst-order explicatureis a propositional form resulting from a series of inferential developments of the logical form. It amounts to the message the speaker communicates explicitly. Thehigher-levelorsecond-order explicatureis a description of the speech act that the speaker performs, her affective attitude towards what she says or her epistemic stance to the communicated information. Information about the speaker’s affective attitude or epistemic stance need not solely be represented in the latter, though. It could be included as beliefs in the mental files of pragmatically adjusted conceptual representations featuring in lower-level explicatures. Those beliefs would originate as lexical pragmatic processes operate and their representation would be triggered by elements like evaluative morphemes, expressive expletives, insulting terms and evidential participles. Although they may be true or false in their own right, such beliefs would not affect the truth-conditional content of the expressed proposition.
From implicit to explicit
Authors: Blochowiak Joanna , Grisot Cristina , Degand Liesbeth
Published: February 2023

The presence of discourse relations can be marked explicitly with lexical items such as specialized and underspecified connectives or left implicit. It is now well established that the presence of specialized connective facilitates the processing of these relations. The question is to gauge how different degrees of explicitness affect the processing of discourse relations. This study investigates this question with respect to two relations, which are fundamental to our cognition and which are closely tied: causal relations and temporal relations. We carried out a self-paced reading experiment, in which we sought to compare the cost of inferring the presence of causal vs. temporal relations in the absence vs. presence of a connective indicating a given relation in French. For the explicit marking, two types of connectives were tested – one specialized for each relation (doncfor causality andpuisfor temporality) and one underspecified (etin its temporal and causal readings). Overall, our results confirm the facilitator role of discourse connectives: we find that explicit discourse relations are processed faster than implicit ones. The specific (rather than underspecified) connective facilitates processing for temporal relations but not for causal relations; and temporal relations were read equally fast as causal relations.
On the strength of presumptions
Authors: Bodlović Petar
Published: February 2023

Traditionally, a presumption is a dialogically privileged, yet defeasible proposition that allocates the burden of proof to a party who challenges it. This paper investigates the strength of presumptions. First, it explains how ‘strength’ contributes to defining the concept of presumption. Second, it provides an overview of (contextual, justificatory, and deontic) factors determining a presumption’s strength. Finally, it analyses the predominant view that defines strength in terms of the Challenger’s burden of proof: the stronger (weaker) the presumptionp, the more (less) difficult it is to prove non-p. I argue that the latter proposal applies only to practical presumptions, and that strength is conceived differently for cognitive presumptions.
Asymmetric Markovian control of quantum entanglement
Authors: Daeichian Abolghasem , Mirzaee Mehdi
Published: February 2023

Expanding utilization of entangled states in quantum technologies, such as quantum information, is a motivating force of developing new methods for enhancement and stabilization of quantum entanglement. This study focuses on using asymmetric lawsto control the entangled states of a quantum systemconsistingof two atoms, each confined in a cavity.The effect of asymmetry laws has been explored in three different scenarios. First, the effect of an asymmetric drive Hamiltonian on a closed quantum system, in which neither the cavity nor the atoms exhibit losses, is studied. Here, the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the total system Hamiltonian have been obtained and the time evolution of the system state has been derived. Also, the fidelity of the system in terms of the asymmetric drive Hamiltonian has been derived analytically. In the second scenario, the stationary solution of an open quantum system, which includes losses in a master equation approach, is derived and the concurrence is studied in terms of the asymmetric drive Hamiltonian and coupling constant. The last scenario is devoted to applying feedback rulesto an open quantum system where some heuristic feedback control laws have been proposed. The simulation results show the concurrence boosting in a larger range of driving field and feedback strength when applying the introduced feedback rules.
Certain Volterra-type integral equations involving some special functions
Authors: Samar Chander Prakash , Saxena Hemlata
Published: February 2023

In this study, we investigated the solution of certain Volterra-Type integral equations including S-function, Mittag-Leffler function with six parameters and generalized Mittag-Leffler function

E

∝
,
β
,
v
,
σ
,
ɤ
,
p

μ
,
δ
,
b
,
q

(
z
)

respectively. The solutions of these Volterra-Type integral equations are obtained by the method of Laplace transform. Also obtained the Laplace transform of S-function, Mittag-Leffler function of six parameters and generalized Mittag-Leffler function. Some known and new results are also obtained in special cases. A number of results involving special functions can be obtained by giving particular values for parameters in S-function. The results obtained are useful in applied science, engineering and technology.
Dark energy from a geometrical gauge scalar-tensor theory of gravity
Authors: Madriz Aguilar José Edgar , Montes M , Bernal A
Published: February 2023

In this paper we obtain some cosmological solutions that describe the present period of accelerating expansion of the Universe in the framework of a geometrical gauge scalar-tensor theory of gravity. The background geometry in the model is the Weyl integrable and we found a class of power law solutions for the Weyl scalar field when an invariant metric is employed in a power law expanding universe. We obtain a deceleration and an equation of state parameters (EoS) in agreement with PLANCK 2018 observational data for some specific parameters of the model. The deceleration parameter tends asymptotically to −1/2 and the phantom divide line can be crossed by the EoS parameter in this model.