bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning integrated care from the Dutch
Authors: Bartolomeu Pires Sandra , Portillo Mari Carmen , Achterberg Wilco
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This article aims to gather lessons from a research interchange between England and The Netherlands, reflecting on the countries’ delivery of integrated care across adult and elderly long-term care and how to transfer learning across contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper describes the Dutch health and care system, using four key components of integrated care described in the literature: person-centred, expert knowledge, continuity and coordination.

Findings

The Dutch deliver integrated care expertise in each component assessed. The weakest integrated care characteristics in England are multi-sectoral coordination and person-centred care.

Originality/value

This article develops an overview of integrated care delivery in The Netherlands and puts a spotlight on the importance of exchanging real-world experiences, not just evidence-based, to collaboratively improve integrated care in England. There is no need to reinvent the all-wheel, a lot of good is already done, tested and proved.
Sharia crowdfunding in Indonesia: a regulatory environment perspective
Authors: Syarif Muhammad Fazlurrahman , Aysan Ahmet Faruk
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand the practices and rules of Sharia crowdfunding policies in Indonesia given the rapid growth of financial technology and the increasing importance of crowdfunding as a funding alternative for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study used qualitative methods, exploratory methods and literature studies for data collection. The focus is on understanding the regulatory environment and institutional framework that support Sharia crowdfunding in Indonesia.

Findings

Despite a specific law regulating Sharia crowdfunding, several authoritative institutions in Indonesia offer FinTech, crowdfunding and Sharia crowdfunding services. Some regulations have been issued, such as Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 19/12/PBI/2017 and Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation Number 37/POJK.04/2018, which was later amended to Number 57/POJK.04/2020. This study emphasizes the crucial role of OJK in providing security guarantees for implementing FinTech, including crowdfunding. At the same time, Sharia crowdfunding also follows fatwas issued by DSN-MUI.

Research limitations/implications

This study describes Sharia crowdfunding policies in Indonesia and indicates that further research could delve deeper into specific cases and examine the impact of these policies on the growth and sustainability of Sharia crowdfunding.

Practical implications

This study underlines the need to enhance Sharia crowdfunding standards and to create rules that explicitly address this issue. This has implications for regulatory authorities, FinTech companies and MSMEs seeking to leverage Sharia crowdfunding.

Social implications

This study suggests potential social implications, including a more inclusive financial system that complies with Islamic principles and supports MSMEs' growth.

Originality/value

This study is unique in its focus on Sharia crowdfunding policies in Indonesia, providing a comprehensive view of the regulatory landscape and existing institutional framework.
The more creative, the more silent? The effect of subordinates’ creative deviance on leader silence
Authors: Wen Shan Shan , Zhang Long , Zhang Kai , Ouyang Min
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Silence is a commonly seen phenomenon at the workplace. However, little is known about the cause and effect of leader silence. Drawing on the affective events theory, we develop a moderated mediation model to examine the effect of subordinates’ creative deviance on leader's authoritative silence and test the moderating effect of subordinates’ political skills.

Design/methodology/approach

Our research adopts a novel bottom-up perspective to investigate the subordinates’ influence on leader silence. A two-wave survey study involving 196 corporate team leaders in China was employed.

Findings

We found that leader’s workplace anxiety mediated the relationship between subordinates' creative deviance and leader's authoritative silence and subordinates’ political skills moderated the mediating effect.

Originality/value

Our research contributes to the leader silence literature in three folds. First, we employ the AET framework to study leader silence from the emotional perspective. Second, this research adopts a bottom-up angle to reveal the influence of subordinates’ behavior on leader silence. Third, the political skills lens offers novel explanation of why the anxious emotions triggered by followers’ creative deviance vary among leaders.
Enhancements in design education by integrating advanced learning technologies (AR/VR) in architectural schools
Authors: Hafizi Nazgol
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study’s main goal is to assess how augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies affect the architectural design process in a learning environment. Enhancing spatial awareness, advancing design communication and encouraging design experimentation are the main goals. This study promotes the reform of design education by incorporating AR/VR technology into architectural programs.

Design/methodology/approach

The integration of advanced technologies in design, particularly AR and VR, in architectural education is examined in this theoretical paper. The approach includes a thorough literature analysis to understand the state of AR and VR in design education today. Furthermore, the research incorporates insights and findings from a semester-long course named “Advanced Technologies in Design”. Through the use of AR and VR breakthroughs in design projects, this course gave students a hands-on learning experience and a deeper knowledge of the possibilities of these technologies.

Findings

The study discovered that students’ spatial knowledge and communication abilities are greatly impacted when AR/VR technologies are included into architecture instruction. Students learned about the possibilities of these technologies for architectural design through practical experimentation and project-based learning. Furthermore, AR/VR technologies open the door to more creative and environmentally friendly building solutions with their immersive experiences and interactive displays. The results imply that incorporating these technologies into design education fully can better equip aspiring architects to successfully alter the built environment.

Originality/value

By investigating the integration of VR and AR in architecture education, this research sets new standards. With an extensive methodology that incorporates a survey of the literature and learnings from a semester-long course, it presents a distinctive viewpoint. The research offers informative recommendations for educators and institutions by showcasing the revolutionary potential of AR/VR technology in design education. Adopting these technologies helps students become more innovative in sustainable design and more equipped to tackle future architectural difficulties. All things considered, this study emphasizes how unique and beneficial it is to use AR/VR technologies to improve architectural practice and teaching.
Species‐specific stoichiometric effects of leaf litter on algal growth, production, and cell quotas
Authors: Ho Pei‐Chi , Nakajima Suzuna , Urabe Jotaro
Published: September 2024

Dissolved organic matter and nutrients released from leaf litter are important cross‐ecosystem resources supporting freshwater food webs. Dissolved organic matter supports heterotrophic organisms in freshwater communities. However, the role of nutrients released from leaf litter in the autochthonous production in aquatic ecosystems is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated how dissolved nutrients released from leaf litter affect algal growth, biomass production, and cellular elemental ratios. Specifically, we experimentally examined the response of green algae to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released from leaf litter of 11 temperate tree species and the degree of deficiency of nutrient elements other than N and P relative to algal demand in these litter leachates by supplementing these elements. We found that algal growth did not significantly increase with dissolved N or P in the leaf leachates. In contrast, algal biomass production increased with dissolved N concentration, regardless of amendment. Algal growth and production limitation by deficiency of elements other than N and P was found only in the leachate of Japanese hemlock, indicating that the concentrations or release efficiencies of these elements in this leaf litter were lower than those of N and P relative to algal requirements. More importantly, leaf litter leachates from different tree species altered algal cell quotas and C:N:P ratios, which would affect secondary production. These results suggest that variations in leaf litter leachate stoichiometry caused by vegetation change would affect the abundance and chemical composition of phytoplankton, and thus the trophic transfer efficiency between phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton.
Successful treatment of a non‐small‐cell lung cancer patient harboring HIP1‐ALK (H28:A20) and CTNNB1 p.S45del with alectinib
Authors: Longo Vito , Pesola Francesco , Lacalamita Rosanna , Catino Annamaria , Montrone Michele , Marech Ilaria , Pizzutilo Pamela , Montagna Elisabetta Sara , Tommasi Stefania , Galetta Domenico
Published: September 2024

This is the first case report of a non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient harboring HIP1‐ALK (H28:A20) and CTNNB1 p.S45del treated with first‐line alectinib. Approximately 5% of NSCLC patients are reported to have anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and among these EML4‐ALK is the most frequent fusion variant. However, in recent years the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical laboratories has become increasingly widespread, identifying a lot of new ALK fusion partners as well as a large quantity of co‐occurring genomic alterations. Unfortunately, the growing number of genomic alterations detected by NGS does not always correspond to adequate knowledge of their clinical significance, often resulting in an empiric treatment of patients harboring uncommon mutations.
Investing in Canadian Senior Housing Companies: Chartwell, Sienna, and Extendicare*
Authors: Mansurov Alisher , Pilon Marc
Published: September 2024

This case study is designed to enhance students' analytical thinking skills by presenting broad financial and nonfinancial information on three publicly traded Canadian senior housing companies. The focus is on students' ability to use the provided financial data and ratios for assessing financial performance and performing a valuation analysis in the context of the senior housing sector. The case also discusses the financial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the three companies, in addition to opportunities and risks for the sector going forward. The novelty of this case study also comes from the use of valuation methods that are not traditionally used in accounting‐based case studies. External accounting data are used to teach students about valuation methods that are more prominently used in the finance discipline.
Earnings quality on the street
Authors: Khan Urooj , Peddireddy Venkat , Rajgopal Shiva
Published: September 2024

We develop a composite firm‐year earnings quality score (EQSCORE) that uses signals based on fundamental analysis. We obtain a proprietary data set of 613 reports about aggressive reporting practices over 2004–2009 for 230 unique firms from a research firm (RF). From these reports, we identify red flags of poor earnings quality relating to (1) sales quality, (2) margin quality, (3) cash flow quality, (4) corporate governance, (5) audit, and (6) others. We construct the EQSCORE using 51 signals employed by the RF and a novel approach that imitates the RF's process for discovering earnings quality. The EQSCORE outperforms existing composite models of earnings quality in identifying accounting and auditing enforcement releases and restated firm‐years and predicts future stock returns. The corporate governance–related and audit‐related red flags included in the EQSCORE complement accounting‐based red flags and enhance the ability of the EQSCORE to identify firms with poor earnings quality.
LadderFuelsR: A new automated tool for vertical fuel continuity analysis and crown base height detection using light detection and ranging
Authors: Viedma O. , Silva C. A. , Moreno J. M. , Hudak A. T.
Published: September 2024

Widespread fuel accumulation in various strata is increasing the risk of high‐severity, crown‐fires. Knowing the vertical forest structure is a crucial factor for fire management planning.

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have successfully retrieved the main characteristics of the vertical structure of forests. However, detecting and vertically mapping the various fuel strata that can act as ladder fuels (i.e. fuel arrangements that will bring the fire from the surface to the canopy) is challenging and limits our ability to manage the most hazardous forests.

Here we show how using LiDAR data and the LadderFuelsR package, developed in the R platform, can provide an automated tool for analysing the vertical fuel structure of a forest and to calculate crown base height (CBH) at tree‐level, among other parameters. We include a suite of tools integrated into a sequential workflow for: (1) calculating the leaf area density (LAD) profiles of each segmented tree; (2) identifying gaps and the non‐continuous fuel layers present; (3) estimating the vertical distance between fuel layers; and (4) retrieving their base height and depth. Additionally, other functions recalculate previous metrics after considering vertical distances greater than certain threshold and calculates the LAD percentage comprised in each fuel layer removing fuel layers below a specified value. Moreover, it calculates tree's CBH based on three criteria: maximum LAD, and both the largest and the last vertical distance between fuel layers. Additionally, when the LAD profiles showed only one fuel layer with CBH at the minimum base height, it identifies the tree's CBH by performing a segmented linear regression. Finally, a collection of plotting functions is developed to represent all previous metrics.

This tool has been tested with different LiDAR sensors and thousands of trees in several Pinus pinaster forest areas in Central Spain, and its accuracy has been evaluated using field‐based tree CBH in Pinus palustris Mills dominated forests in Florida (USA). This tool provides accurate information about the vertical structure of a forest, which can be used for prioritizing treatment areas to reduce fire hazard or identify high crown‐fire risk areas.
Which route to elite turnover leads to women's political empowerment in developing countries?
Authors: Mondjeli Mwa Ndjokou Itchoko Motande , Fokou Pepoung Dzeukoh Murielle
Published: September 2024

It's commonly accepted that policymakers should promote women's inclusion for a more inclusive society. Drawing from the literature on democratic and non‐democratic routes of elite turnover, this study analyses the effects of elite turnover on women's political empowerment (WPE) by comparing two main routes: political alternation and internal conflict. We measure WPE by using women's political empowerment index (WPEI) from the varieties of democracy database. Based on a large sample of 128 developing countries over the period 1980–2021, the ordinary least square fixed effect and Driscoll‐Kraay fixed effects estimations show that elite turnover has a positive and statistically significant impact on WPE. Similar evidence is found when decomposing the WPEI in its sub‐indices notably women's political participation, civil society participation, and women's civil liberties sub‐indices. This result is also supported by the view that elite turnover increases education, as well as the institutional environment which therefore enables WPE. These results are robust to alternative estimation techniques including the system generalized method of moments and two‐stage least squares (GMM and IV 2SLS). Furthermore, the results remain unchanged when considering the majority of the geographical locations of our sample (it is insignificant for the MENA region) and the role of decentraliszation.
Geology of the Tour de France: taking a sports audience by surprise
Authors: Van Hinsbergen Douwe J.J. , Carpenter Mark B. , Been José , Naudé Marjolein N.
Published: September 2024

Every year, tens of millions of cycling enthusiasts watch and read about the Tour de France, one of the largest sports events of the year. For hours on end, they wait in anticipation of the climax of the race, and these hours are filled by commentators and journalists with background information about riders, the course, history, cuisine, culture and architecture. Little do they realize that every day the peloton is actually setting out on a beautiful excursion through what is one of the most geologically and geographically diverse regions in the world. The Geo‐Sports project provides journalists, readers, and viewers with accessible excursion guides, in written and video format, on websites and social media. In this article, we explain the rationale and background of the project, and we hope you will join us in lifting the veil to expose the beauty of the natural world and its role in our society.
Premortalism and the Problem of Involuntary Suffering
Authors: Hronich Andrew
Published: September 2024

In a recent article, James Spiegel has suggested ways in which premortalism may bolster the free will defence in response to the logical problem of evil. Building on his presentation, this present article further reinforces the premortalist free will defence whilst also critiquing similarly related defences (such as the necessity of nomic regularity for significant freedom). Contrary to expectation, the premortalist defence is compatible with diverse accounts of divine knowledge (i.e., middle knowledge, dynamic omniscience, etc.) and does not present overly problematic questions of identity if substance dualism is presupposed. More importantly, the premortalist free will defence raises critical questions of consent and agential contractualism that are often overlooked in the literature. Over against a consequentialist framework, the premortalist defence acknowledges the importance of treating the agent as an end in and of herself. Questions of eschatology naturally arise, and contra James Spiegel, this article will propose that universalism, the belief that eventually all will be saved, is nigh undeniable on a premortalist account, given perfect being theism.
The short‐term postoperative pain and impact upon quality of life of pulpotomy and root canal treatment, in teeth with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Patel Neha , Khan Iftekhar , Jarad Fadi , Zavattini Angelo , Koller Garrit , Pimentel Tiago , Mahmood Kazim , Mannocci Francesco
Published: September 2024

Background

Few studies focus upon patient‐reported outcomes in endodontics.

Aim

To determine whether full pulpotomy offers a less painful, improved health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with root canal treatment (RCT) in cases of irreversible pulpitis (IP) in the 7 days after the treatment.

Methodology

One hundred sixty‐eight participants presenting with symptoms of IP were randomized to either pulpotomy (n = 86) or RCT (n = 82). Two participants were excluded, 61 participants underwent full pulpotomy with Biodentine (35.7%), 80 had RCT (46.8%), and 25 were randomized to have pulpotomy which progressed to RCT (PRCT) due to uncontrollable bleeding (14.6%). Clinical and radiographic assessments, using CBCT and periapical radiographs, were carried out preoperatively, for the evaluation of the results only CBCT images were used. Pain (VAS) and HRQoL (EQ 5D) assessments were carried out at baseline and Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post‐baseline. Analysis included descriptive and continuous variables, chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, and two‐sample t‐tests.

Results

In pulpotomy and RCT groups, VAS pain decreased significantly over the first week (p < .001). The magnitude of reduction was similar in RCT and pulpotomy (p = .804), RCT and PRCT (p = .179), pulpotomy vs. PRCT (p = .144) and in the comparison of combined RCT /PRCT groups (ORCT) with Pulpotomy (0.729). However, the overall level of VAS pain was significantly higher in the PRCT group than in the Pulpotomy (p = .045) and RCT group (p = .049). Using CBCT, significantly more radiolucencies were found in the PRCT group than in the pulpotomy group and overall teeth presenting with CBCT radiolucencies had significantly higher pain scores (p = .015), particularly at Days 1, 3 and 5. There were significant differences in many OHRQoL domains (Questions 1, 6, 11 and 12) between RCT and PRCT groups with higher frequencies of the impact of oral health problems at Day 0 and Day 7 in the PRCT group.

Conclusion

In the treatment of IP, pulpotomy is as effective as RCT in reducing post‐operative pain, and improving QoL and HRQoL, teeth displaying uncontrollable bleeding and periapical radiolucencies detected using CBCT are associated with more intense postoperative pain and lower QoL.
Development and validation of damage and failure models for the design of ceramic matrix composite components
Authors: Steinkopff Thorsten , Keppeler Roman
Published: September 2024

In this paper, test results for woven ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) based on an oxide matrix and oxide fiber are presented. Stress–strain curves under cyclic loading for different in‐plane fiber orientations as well as strength values for different fiber orientations under tension and compression and under pure shear are presented. Based on the experimental data, a nonlinear damage model is derived which allows to determine the progressive degradation of the elastic moduli and the nonelastic remanent strain in a satisfactory manner. It has been implemented into the finite element code ANSYS and shows excellent convergence behavior. To predict the failure of CMC components, the failure mode concept proposed by Cuntze is extended to include friction effects due to tension and compression on the in‐plane shear failure mode. The predicted failure onset matches the experimental data very well, whereas existing models like the max‐stress or the Tsai–Hill criteria show larger deviations.
The role of dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' verbal and multimodal responses in predicting vocabulary outcomes
Authors: van der Klis Anika , Junge Caroline , Adriaans Frans , Kager René
Published: September 2024

There is robust evidence that infants' gestures and vocalisations and caregivers' contingent responses predict later child vocabulary. Recent studies suggest that dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' responses are more robust predictors of children's vocabularies than these behaviors separately. Previous studies have not yet systematically compared different types of dyadic combinations. This study aimed to compare the predictive value of (a) frequencies of infants' behaviors (vocalisations, points, and shows + gives) regardless of caregivers' responses, (b) frequencies of infants' behaviors that elicited verbal responses, (c) frequencies of infants' behaviors that elicited multimodal responses, and (d) frequencies of infants' behaviors that did not elicit any responses from caregivers. We examined 114 caregiver‐infant dyads at 9–11 months and children's concurrent and longitudinal vocabulary outcomes at 2–4 years. We found that infants' points elicited a large proportion of verbal responses from caregivers which were related to children's later receptive vocabularies. We also found that only shows + gives that elicited caregivers' responses related to infants' concurrent gesture repertoires. In contrast, infants' behaviors that did not elicit responses negatively related to child vocabulary. The results highlight the importance of examining dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' responses during interactions when examining relations to children's vocabulary development.
Capacity sharing between competitors considering consumer switching
Authors: Xiao Wei , Li Kai
Published: September 2024

The mismatch between supply and demand is a prevailing phenomenon due to fluctuations in market demand. A common practice employed to align capacity with demand is capacity sharing, whereby a firm possessing excess capacity collaborates with others that are incapable of meeting captured demand. This paper investigates the strategic interactions between two competing firms with asymmetric capacities in the presence of capacity sharing. Following some observed phenomena, unilateral consumer switching is allowed once stockout occurs. Two typical capacity‐sharing contracts, namely, linear transfer payment (LTP) and revenue sharing (RS), are examined. We show analytically that the presence of capacity sharing can always benefit the firm with insufficient resources. However, the impacts on the firm that is not constrained by capacity under the RS contract depend heavily on the RS rate. We also find that the RS contract outperforms the LTP contract for both firms if the negotiated RS rate is at an intermediate level. The results obtained through the comparison between the scenarios of no capacity sharing, LTP, and RS provide suggestions of much practical value for the operation of capacity sharing.
Migraine impact and functional disability
Authors: Lipton Rb , Stewart Wf , Korff M Von
Published: September 2024

This article reviews the substantial impact of migraine on individual headache sufferers and on society. While the individual impact of migraine is determined by pain and role dysfunction, the societal impact is primarily determined by work loss and disability in the work place and at home. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that migraine is very common, substantially under diagnosed and often inadequately treated. Improving health care delivery to persons with migraine could substantially reduce the individual and societal impact of the illness. Migraine ranges in severity, with mild headache and no disability on one extreme and excruciating pain and complete disability on the other. Because of this spectrum of severity, diagnosis alone does not provide enough information to permit the selection of optimal therapy. A headache grading system might help headache sufferers and clinicians match the therapy not only to the diagnosis but to the overall severity of illness; such a system provides the best hope for cost effective health care interventions.
Identifying the Numerical Components Affecting Soybean (Glycine max) Yield Under Waterlogging at Reproductive Stages
Authors: Ploschuk Rocio Antonella , Miralles Daniel Julio , Kavanová Monika , Striker Gustavo Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Waterlogging is a critical abiotic stress increasing in importance due to more intense, erratic rainfall associated with climate change. Waterlogging leads to significant yield losses in sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Identifying soybean genotypes and traits associated with better waterlogging tolerance is of high interest. We assessed the response of six soybean genotypes, selected from a field screening of over 190 genotypes, to 10 days of waterlogging at the R1 (onset of flowering) and R4 (grain filling) stages. We evaluated yield and its components, as well as shoot and root dry weights (DW) at the end of the waterlogging treatments and at maturity, along with morphological traits such as plant branch number, stem diameter and plant height. By integrating all these traits, a waterlogging tolerance index (WTI) was calculated for each genotype to rank their sensitivity. The WTI showed variations among genotypes from 0.61 to 0.77, indicating genotypic variation in response to waterlogging. Greater reductions in root DW compared to shoot DW were observed immediately after waterlogging. By maturity, shoot DW of waterlogged plants was more severely reduced than root DW in all genotypes. Despite similar DW losses at R1 and R4 at physiological maturity, seed number per plant and 100‐seed weight responses differed between the treatments. Genotypes that performed well under control conditions suffered significant yield reductions of 70%–85% after waterlogging, mainly due to fewer fertile nodes and seeds per pod, with some also experiencing a notable decrease in 100‐seed weight. In contrast, other genotypes had milder responses, with less severe reductions in seed and pod traits. Identifying breeding soybean genotypes tolerant to waterlogging during reproductive stages that maintain the number of fertile nodes and pods per node without changes in seeds per pod could significantly mitigate yield losses from waterlogging.
Barriers to accessing home and community‐based services among family caregivers of Veterans
Authors: Trivedi Ranak , Ngo Victoria , Lee Trevor , Humber Marika Blair , Risbud Rashmi , Jacobs Josephine C. , Lorenz Karl , Asch Steven M. , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores , Leykum Luci K. ,   the Elizabeth Dole Center of Excellence for Veteran and Caregiver Research
Published: September 2024

Background

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has long recognized the importance of having a rich complement of home and community‐based resources for the Veteran population. For Veterans experiencing disability‐related impairments, home‐ and community‐based services (HCBS) facilitate aging in place and alleviate family caregivers' burden. However, even in the enriched VA context, HCBS are underutilized. Our objective was to understand unmet needs and barriers to accessing HCBS from the perspectives of Veterans' family caregivers.

Methods

This multi‐method study recruited family caregivers of Veterans seen within a major VA Health Care System. Eligible caregivers provided care for at least 8 h/week in the prior 6 months, to a Veteran with 1+ impairments in instrumental activities of daily living. Recruitment was conducted via flyers, physician referrals, registries, and chart reviews. Participants completed 1‐h semi‐structured interviews to assess unmet psychosocial needs and barriers to accessing VA and non‐VA HCBS. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

A total of 23 caregivers (62.9 + 13.5 years; 74% women; 52.2% White; 26.1% Black; 95.2% pre‐9/11) provided 8.4 ± 6.3 h of daily care. Most had provided care for more than 1 year; nine had cared for their Veteran for 5+ years. The following themes were identified: (1) need for clear, accurate, timely information about HCBS; (2) lack of time, amplified by COVID‐19 restrictions; (3) need for respite to manage their own health and other caregiving responsibilities; and (4) perceived difference in care needs that can strain caregivers' relationship with the care recipient.

Conclusions

In addition to known barriers including lack of timely knowledge, service delays, and caregiver stress, Veteran–caregiver disagreements emerged as a novel barrier to using HCBS. A multi‐pronged approach that addresses these barriers may increase timely access to HCBS.
‘It's especially good just to know that you're not the only one’: a qualitative study exploring experiences with online peer support programmes for the Fragile X community
Authors: Haber T. , Davies L. , Hinman R. S. , Bennell K. L. , Bruce W. , Jewell L. , Borda A. , Lawford B. J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Accessing peer support can be difficult for people with, or carers of people with, inherited intellectual disabilities. One way to improve access is to provide services online, yet few studies have explored people's experiences with online peer support programmes. We aimed to explore experiences with such programmes for communities affected by fragile X‐associated conditions.

Methods

Qualitative study involving individual semi‐structured interviews with 16 people with, or carers of people with, a fragile X‐associated condition (n = 4 adult premutation carriers; n = 12 parents/carers of children/adults), who participated in at least one of three online peer support programmes: educational webinars, Facebook discussion group and small peer group sessions via Zoom. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop themes.

Results

Three overarching themes relating to experiences were as follows: (1) uncertainty and value of shared experiences, (2) support navigating healthcare, (3) advantages being online, but still a place for in‐person events. Educational webinars were perceived to be a valuable source of information about fragile X‐associated conditions although people had variable information needs. Facebook discussion groups enabled people to connect with others, although participants expressed some competing preferences for how the groups were organised. Zoom peer group sessions were perceived to help participants feel supported by others, but that consistency in organisation was important.

Conclusions

Online peer support programmes were perceived to be beneficial, bridging informational gaps and facilitating social connection. However, participants believed there was still a place for in‐person events, some felt educational webinars did not always meet their needs and some had privacy concerns.
Efficacy and Safety of a Home‐Use Light‐Emitting Diode Neck Device for Improvement in Neck Wrinkles: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Sham Device, Superiority Verification, Confirmatory Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Jang Jiwoo , Park Sang Hyun , Jung Jae‐A , Cha Chihwan , Lee Bo Hyun , An Jung Kwon
Published: September 2024

Background

Light‐emitting diode (LED) light sources have become an increasingly popular choice for the treatment and rejuvenation of various dermatological conditions.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of neck rejuvenation, patient satisfaction, and the safety of LED application to the neck in an Asian population.

Methods

This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, sham device study. Seventy participants were enrolled in the study. The participants wore the home‐use LED neck device for 9 min a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 60 sessions. The Lemperle Wrinkle Scale (LWS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were used to evaluate the results of both investigators and participants. The thyroid gland was examined using ultrasonography to evaluate the safety of the investigational device.

Results

The percentage of participants with improved LWS at Week 12 was significantly higher in the study group. Additionally, the percentage of participants with improved LWS was significantly higher in the study group at Weeks 8, 12, and 16. The LWS at Week 12 corrected with baseline values was found to be significantly different between the two groups. GAIS showed significant differences at 8, 12, and 16 weeks in the investigators' evaluation but not in the participants' evaluation. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance at Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 also confirmed a significant difference between the two groups only in investigator assessment. No significant thyroid‐related complications were observed.

Conclusion

LED application to the neck may be considered a satisfactory and safe procedure for neck rejuvenation.
Assessment of different treatment alternatives for patients with total maxillectomy
Authors: Arı Ilgın , Acar Gülin , Tosun Emre , Muhtaroğulları Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To assess the biomechanical advantages of combining zygoma and partial subperiosteal implants for maxillary reconstruction in severely atrophic maxillae, offering potential solutions to the challenges posed by traditional reconstruction methods.

Material and Methods

A finite element analysis used a craniofacial model simulating a totally resected maxilla. Four treatment scenarios (SCs) were evaluated: SC‐1, the quad zygoma approach; SC‐2, two zygoma implants (ZIs) and a one‐piece subperiosteal implant (SI); SC‐3, two ZI and a two‐piece SI; and SC‐4, four ZI and a one‐piece SI. Stress distributions on bone, implants, abutments, and metal frameworks were compared under occlusal forces.

Results

For the simulated bone regions under vertical and oblique forces, SC‐4 values were higher than SC‐1, while SC‐2 and SC‐3 values were comparable for pmax and pmin. In addition, SC‐2 and SC‐3 values were lower than those of SC‐1 and SC‐4. The most balanced von Mises stress values on the ZIsand were observed in SC‐3 under vertical and oblique forces. Furthermore, lower von Mises stress values on the abutments were seen in SC‐3 under oblique and vertical forces. Although the lower von Mises stress values on the metal frameworks at the lateral incisor and first premolar side were seen in SC‐3, lower von Mises values were observed in SC‐4 in the first molar region.

Conclusions

Overall, this study suggests that combining zygoma and partial subperiosteal implants may be a promising approach for reconstructing severely atrophic maxillae. These implants may offer improved biomechanical properties compared to ZIs alone.
Repeatability of different mobile phone applications for color measurement in dentistry
Authors: Dang Anh Duong , Belles Donald M. , Gonzalez Maria D. , Aponte‐Wesson Ruth A. , Paravina Rade D.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To assess the repeatability of various color‐measuring mobile phone applications (MPAs) on dental materials in clinically relevant shades in 1‐mm thickness.

Materials and Methods

A benchtop spectrophotometer was used as a reference instrument. Seven MPAs were used: Color Analysis, Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, Color Grab, and Colorimeter from Android, and Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, ColorMeter RGB, and Optishade from iOS. Color measurements were performed on 1‐mm thickness slices of CAD‐CAM materials, Vita Enamic shades 1M2, 2M2, 3M2, 4M2, and Vitablocs Mark II shades A1C, A2C, A3C, A4C (n = 10, for a total 80 specimens). The specimens were measured at three time periods, Day 0, Day 1, and Day 7, and three measurements were made on each day, to mimic short‐, medium‐, and long‐term repeatability. The color differences were analyzed using the CIEDE2000 formula, with the corresponding color difference (ΔE00), and mean color difference from the mean (MCDM00). One‐way ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, and Paired sample t‐tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Optishade from iOS showed the lowest mean color difference among the MPAs (ΔE00 = 0.2 (SD 0.1), 0.3 (SD 0.2), and 0.2 (SD 0.1) at Day 0, 1, and 7, respectively, and ΔE00 = 0.5 (SD 0.3) for all three periods Days 0–1, 0–7, and 1–7). Material‐dependent variations in the repeatability of color measurements were observed.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant difference among color measurements using MPAs and a spectrophotometer, among the MPAs, and materials. The spectrophotometer exhibited the highest repeatability across the tested time periods. The iOS Optishade showed the highest repeatability among the MPAs.
Children as insurance revisited: Impact of children on private insurance adoption among older parents
Authors: Ci Zhaoxue
Published: September 2024

The old‐age security motive for fertility implies that children are substitutes for parents' old‐age insurance. However, demographic dynamics and the evolution of social welfare schemes may challenge this notion. Meanwhile, as population aging is placing heavy pressure on the social security systems, private insurance has become a crucial supplement for hedging risks. In light of the present trends, this research examines the impact of the number of children on private insurance adoption among older parents in China. This research exploits the “Later, Longer, Fewer” campaign to instrument variations in the number of children. Instrumental variable estimates reveal that the likelihood of older parents having private insurance increases with the number of children they have. The positive effect is more pronounced among older adults, who are less reliant on children and have more access to alternative resources. Further analyses indicate that adverse selection and information channels are potential mechanisms.
Rural reticence to inform physicians of cannabis use
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Servinsky Timothy J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Over 75% of Americans have legal access to medical cannabis, though physical access is not uniform and can be difficult for rural residents. Additionally, substantial stigma remains in using medical cannabis, particularly within the health care system. This article argues that rural Americans may be particularly affected by such stigma and may thus be more likely to not report cannabis use to health care providers.

Methods

Data were obtained from 1,045 adult Pennsylvanians using a self‐administered web panel omnibus survey. Rurality was determined by overlaying Zip Code Tabulation Areas with urban areas, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Primary outcomes were prior use of cannabidiol (CBD) or marijuana and reporting of such use to medical professionals. Covariates utilized in logistic regressions included rurality, gender, age, race/ethnicity, political affiliation, political ideology, and veteran status.

Findings

Living in an urban area was positively associated with disclosure of marijuana use to health care providers as compared to those in rural areas, although there were no differences found in CBD disclosure.

Conclusions

Stigma surrounding marijuana usage may have a disproportionate impact on health outcomes for rural residents who use marijuana. Nonreporting prevents effective holistic medical care and can result in negative drug interactions and other side effects.
Microscopic slickenside as a record of weak shock metamorphism in the surface layer of asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Miyahara Masaaki , Noguchi Takaaki , Matsumoto Toru , Tomioka Naotaka , Miyake Akira , Igami Yohei , Seto Yusuke , Haruta Mitsutaka , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Ohtaki Kenta K. , Dobrică Elena , Leroux Hugues , Le Guillou Corentin , Jacob Damien , de la Peña Francisco , Laforet Sylvain , Mouloud Bahae‐Eddine , Marinova Maya , Langenhorst Falko , Harries Dennis , Beck Pierre , Phan Thi H. V. , Rebois Rolando , Abreu Neyda M. , Gray Jennifer , Zega Thomas , Zanetta Pierre‐M. , Thompson Michelle S. , Stroud Rhonda , Burgess Kate , Cymes Brittany A. , Bridges John C. , Hicks Leon , Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , Bland Phil A. , Zolensky Michael E. , Frank David R. , Martinez James , Tsuchiyama Akira , Yasutake Masahiro , Matsuno Junya , Okumura Shota , Mitsukawa Itaru , Uesugi Kentaro , Uesugi Masayuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Sun Mingqi , Enju Satomi , Takigawa Aki , Michikami Tatsuhiro , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumoto Megumi , Nakauchi Yusuke , Abe Masanao , Nakazawa Satoru , Okada Tatsuaki , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Yoshikawa Makoto , Miyazaki Akiko , Nakato Aiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Usui Tomohiro , Yada Toru , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nagashima Kazuhide , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Sakamotoa Naoya , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Watanabe Sei‐ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: September 2024

The surface morphology of regolith grains from the C‐type asteroid Ryugu was studied in search of evidence of impact events on the asteroid. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that ~8% of C0105‐042 Ryugu grains have a smooth surface on one side of the grains. One of these grains has striated linear grooves (striations) on its smooth surface. Transmission electron microscopy of the grain showed that a porous fine‐grained Mg‐Fe phyllosilicate assemblage, which is the main component of Ryugu grains, is compacted near the smooth surface. The smooth surface with striations closely resembles a slickenside, a characteristic texture found in terrestrial fault rocks formed by shear deformation. There is no evidence of melting/decomposition in the Mg‐Fe phyllosilicates near the smooth surface, indicating that the shear heating temperature is less than ~1100 K. Assuming that the average length of the striations corresponds to the minimum displacement of the micro‐fault, the shock pressure recorded in the C0105‐042 Ryugu grain is estimated to be <~4.5 GPa by a fault mechanics calculation. The shock pressures of C0105‐042, together with those of C0014 (~2 GPa) and C0055 (>~3.9 GPa) in previous studies suggest that the impact velocities recorded in these grains are < ~0.89–1.63 km s−1. Based on the impact velocities, these grains may record an impact event that occurred when asteroid Ryugu was in the orbit in Main Belt.
Two new species of Vireya Rhododendron (Ericaceae), from Tambrauw, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Mambrasar Yasper M. , Elliott Alan C. , Cameron Kennet M.
Published: September 2024

Two new species of Vireya Rhododendron, Rhododendron mulyaniae sp. nov. and R. engelbertii sp. nov. were discovered in Tambrauw, Papua, Indonesia. Rhododendron mulyaniae resembles R. angiense in that the scales under the leaf are dendroid, but differs in having elliptic to narrowly elliptic leaves, lacking hairs on petiole, having a tubular funnel shaped corolla. Rhododendron engelbertii resembles to R. carstensense in leaf shape but differs by having narrowly tapering leaf base, scales present on the petiole, and a corolla densely scaly on the outside. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and provisional conservation threat status of these newly described species are provided.
Kant's nutshell argument for idealism
Authors: Hogan Desmond
Published: September 2024

The significance or vacuity of the statement, “Everything has just doubled in size,” attracted considerable attention last century from scientists and philosophers. Presenting his conventionalism in geometry, Poincaré insisted on the emptiness of a hypothesis that all objects have doubled in size overnight. Such expansion could have meaning, he argued, “only for those who reason as if space were absolute … it would be better to say that space being relative, nothing at all has happened.” The logical empiricists concurred, viewing the universal doubling hypothesis as illustrating the intrinsic metrical amorphousness of continuous manifolds. It is striking, therefore, to find Kant invoking a universal contraction in space and time to support his famous doctrine of transcendental idealism. In one of several completely neglected passages, he writes: “The proof that the things in space and time are mere appearances can also be grounded on the fact that the whole world could be contained in a nutshell and the entirety of elapsed time in a second without the least difference being met with.” Kant's “also” may suggest an idealist argument distinct from any proposed in published works. Here I ask: What is the meaning of Kant's Nutshell Argument for Idealism?