bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Low-energy Electron Diffraction to Ordering at Crystal and Quasicrystal Surfaces
Authors: McRae EC , Malic RA
Published: June 2013

The value of the low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) technique for the evaluation of surface ordering depends on the ability to measure the intensity profiles of diffraction beams with respect to the associated surface component of the electron momentum transfer. Beam profiles, if measured with sufficient accuracy, may be interpreted to characterise the extent of surface order (e.g. distribution of step spacings) and to differentiate between different modes of disordering (e.g. surface melting versus roughening). The ability to measure LEED intensity profiles has been enhanced by use of low-current well-defined primary electron beams in conjunction with position-sensitive detection (PSD) of the diffracted electrons. The following are examples of applications ofLEED-PSD. Compositional Ordering at Ordering Alloy CU3Au (100) and (110) Surfaces: The ordering of the (100) surface is .believed to conform to a conventional picture in which the already-ordered bulk acts as a template, but the profiles measured in the course of ordering of the (110) surface are of the shapes expected if the ordering occurred first at the surface. Disordering of Ce(111) Surface 150 K below the Bulk Melting Temperature: The intensities and profiles are inconsistent with surface .melting or roughening, but a model based on molecular dynamics simulations is not ruled out. Order and Disordering at Decagonal Quasicrystal AI65 CUI 5 C02 0 Surfaces: At room temperature the quasi crystalline order is well developed at both the 'ten-fold' surface (perpendicular to the ten-fold surface (perpendicular to the ten-fold periodic axis) and a 'two-fold' one (parallel to the ten-fold axis) as evidenced by narrow beam profiles. The ten-fold surface undergoes a disordering transition at 700 K, but the temperature dependence of the profiles is unlike that expected for the roughening transition anticipated theoretically.
Linear Force-free Magnetic Fields and Coronal Models
Authors: Durrant CJ
Published: June 2013

I am grateful to Dr N. Seehafer for drawing attention to the fact that the basis vector for writing linear force-free solutions in spherical geometry is the radius vector r and not the unit radius vector r. In order to correct the results given in Section 3 of Durrant (1989). it suffices to replace the spherical Bessel functions iI. ni, hI by riI. rnI. rhI. The only effect of this replacement is to change the radial dependence of B8 and Bef> in the limit of large r to eiOCr fr. Thus the total magnetic density for the exterior volume r> R is unbounded. This result is now consistent with the fact that the cartesian components of B satisfy the Helmholtz equation.
Studies of Autoionising States by Photon and Electron Impact
Authors: Comer John
Published: June 2013

A variety of techniques can be used to probe the excitation and decay of auto ionising states. Photoelectrons produced by monochromatic synchrotron radiation can be recorded as a function of both photon energy and electron emission energy to identify autoionising state energies and final states. Electron impact measurements are a complementary technique particularly for states excited by optically forbidden transitions.
Excitation of Molecular Clouds and the Emission from Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: G Burion Michael
Published: June 2013

The observation and theory of UV excitation of molecular clouds (i.e. photodissociation regions) and the shock excitation of molecular clouds is reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on the emission from molecular hydrogen. Recent advances in near-IR instrumentation have engendered new observations which are challenging our theoretical understanding of these fundamental physical processes.
Young Stellar Objects and Herbig-Haro Objects
Authors: Zealey WJ
Published: June 2013

Our current understanding of Herbig-Haro objects and their relationship with young stellar outflows is reviewed. The role of multi-waveband observations in the visible, infrared and radio in the study of outflows is discussed with examples drawn from the HH1, HH24 and HH54 outflow complexes. The current theories are briefly considered in the light of spectroscopic and morphological data. It is concluded that although the general mechanism of outflows is understood, the details of the outflowing material's origin and the collimation mechanism remain largely unanswered.
The Physics of Tachyons I. Tachyon Kinematics
Authors: L Dawe Ross , C Hines Kenneth
Published: June 2013

A new formulation of the theory of tachyons is developed using the same two postulates as in special relativity. Use is made of a 'switching principle' to show how tachyons automatically obey the laws of conservation of energy, momentum and electric harge. Tachyonic mechanics is further developed by a consideration of tachyonic rods and clocks. There follows a discussion of the conservation of electric charge and the apparent visual appearance of a tachyonic cube.
Hamiltonian Moments and the Lanczos Method in the Heisenberg Model
Authors: CL Hollenberg Lloyd , J Griffin Christopher
Published: June 2013

The connected Hamiltonian moments (Hn)c of the one-dimensional s = ~ Heisenberg model with respect to the Neel state are calculated up to n = 17. Subsequent calculation of the Hamiltonian moments (Hn) allows the first nine iterations of the Lanczos diagonalisation to be determined analytically for arbitrary lattice size.
Foreword
Authors: Neilson David , P Das Mukunda
Published: June 2013

This volume contains lectures given at the second of the series of international Gordon Godfrey workshops. These workshops have been held annually since 1991 at the University of New South Wales, each covering a novel research area in condensed matter physics that is of topical interest. They are jointly organised by the School of Physics at the University of New South Wales and the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University. The late Gordon Godfrey was an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of New South Wales. He bequeathed his estate for the promotion and teaching of theoretical physics within the university.
Molecular Dynamics of the Phase Transition in Solid Deuterated Methane
Authors: Kansal MK , Trikha SK
Published: June 2013

The rotational dynamics of a single deuterated methane molecule in the presence of its twelve nearest neighbours has been studied by using a computer simulation technique. The three-dimensional motion of the tetrahedral molecule is described by the appropriate algorithm equations, as well as by the well known Lennard-Jones potential. The importance of the inverse-twelfth-power repulsive potential for the dynamics of the deuterated methane molecule is also highlighted. The second-nearest neighbour interactions contribute only 7% to the potential energy of the whole system and this hardly affects the dynamics of the central molecule. A detailed analysis of the direction cosine data reveals a change in the dynamical behaviour of the molecule around the transition temperature, which could be attributed to the singularity observed in the specific heat data. Corresponding to the Lennard-Jones potential, the period of oscillation of the central molecule comes out to be 0�38xlO-12 s. Making use of the (dimensionless) average rotational kinetic energy at the transition, (ERK)critical = 6�3, and the period, the transition temperature is found to be 27�7 K, which is in quite good agreement with one of the ..\-type transition temperatures reported by Clusius et al.
Investigation of Magnetic Ordering in RCo12B6 (R = Y, Nd) by 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Cadogan JM , Campbell SJ , Zhao XL , Wu E
Published: June 2013

Mossbauer spectra of YC012B6 and NdCo12B6 doped with enriched 57Fe have been obtained at various temperatures between 4�2 K and room temperature. The spectrum of YC012B6 at 4�2 K indicates that the Co sublattice orders in the crystallographic basal plane. NdCo12B6 orders along or close to the crystallographic c-axis at 4�2 K and undergoes a spin-reorientation with increasing temperature until at ~55 K the magnetisation lies in or near the basal plane.
How Successfully Does Angle-resolved Photoemission Determine the Band Structure of Semiconductors?
Authors: Leckey Robert , Riley John , Cai Yong , Faul Jurgen , Ley Lothar
Published: June 2013

Both the calculation and the experimental determination of the band structure of simple materials using the techniques of photoemission have now reached levels of considerable sophistication and maturity. Indeed, it is often claimed that the determination of the detailed electronic band structure of semiconductors, for example, is almost routine using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with synchrotron radiation. In this paper we will discuss the extent to which this claim is justified, illustrating the discussion with recent results from a number of III/V semiconductors. We will demonstrate the model-dependent nature of current interpretations of the experimental data, and will show that the technique is presently limited due to the scarcity of information concerning excited band states well above the vacuum level.
On Parametric and Dispersive Integrals
Authors: Delbourgo R
Published: June 2013

Parametric and dispersive representations of self-energy integrals for particles of arbitrary mass in any dimension look very different. We establish their equivalence explicitly and suggest ways in which the parametric form might prove suitable for tackling Schwinger-Dyson equations in gauge theories.
Calculation of Electron Impact Ionisation of Atomic Hydrogen with the Exact Final-state Boundary Conditions
Authors: A Konovalov Dmitry , E McCarthy Ian
Published: June 2013

We present a new and very powerful theoretical method-a distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) with an arbitrary final-state electron-electron correlation function. This method combines the flexibility of including any theoretically desired electron-electron correlation and the physical clarity of the DWBA method. Calculations explore the use of an auxiliary final-state wave function with the exact boundary condition, in attempting to describe the absolute cross sections for ionisation of helium in coplanar symmetric kinematics and to resolve discrepancies between theory and experiment.
A Nuclear Orientation Study of Terbium Ethyl Sulphate
Authors: Back PJ , Bleaney B , Bowden GJ , Stone NJ
Published: June 2013

Terbium ethyl suphate (TbES) has been studied by nuclear orientation using radioactive 160Tb. It is found that (i) it is difficult to cool the terbium nuclei below ~50 mK because of the long nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time TIN; (ii) application of small magnetic fields of the order 0�1 T produces a dramatic increase in the value of TIN; the long electronic relaxation time T1E makes it difficult to determine the Curie temperature Tc in such experiments; and (iv) the saturation magnetic moment is approximately 7�35I'B. No nuclear magnetic resonance transitions were detected when radio-frequency fields at frequencies from 190 to 920 MHz were applied, but a long series of resonance absorption peaks was observed with a frequency separation of 26�3(3) MHz. Their origin ascribed to magneto-acoustic modes within magnetic domains, rather than to magnetostatic modes, magnetic spin waves, or resonances within domain walls.
John Bolton ? Some Early Memories
Authors: Westfold KC
Published: June 2013

A review is given of a long collaborative association with J. G. Bolton and his colleagues, first in 1948 at the Dover Heights station of the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics, followed by joint visits to European astronomical institutions, and later in at the California Institute of Technology, to which Bolton had been appointed to institute a radio-astronomy program in the Department of Astrophysics.
John Bolton and the Rainmakers
Authors: Milne DK
Published: June 2013

Between 1953 and 1955 John Bolton disappeared temporarily from the world of astronomy to work with the Radiophysics Laboratory's Rain and Cloud Physics group. This paper is a brief account of what he was doing during this period.
John Bolton as a Pioneer of OH Spectroscopy
Authors: Whiteoak JB
Published: June 2013

Following the discovery of interstellar OH by US astronomers in 1963,John Bolton and colleagues used the Parkes telescope for pioneering work on the OH clouds towards the centre of our galaxy. The OR was found to have a large range of velocities. All four ground-state transitions at � GRz were detected, but with relative intensities differing markedly from theoretical and laboratory values.
Electron Impact Excitation-Autoionisation of the (2s2)1S, (2p2)1D and (2s2p)1P Autoionising States of Helium
Authors: Samardzic O , Hurn J-A , Weigold E , Brunger MJ
Published: June 2013

The electron impact excitation of the (2s2)1S, (2p2)1D and (2s2p)1p autoionising states of helium and their subsequent radiationless decay was studied by observation of the ejected electrons. The present work was carried out at an incident energy of 94�6 e V and for ejected electron scattering angles in the range 25-135�? This study was conducted simultaneously with an (e, 2e) investigation into these same autoionising states with the results of this latter work being discussed elsewhere. The lineshapes observed in the present ejected electron spectra are analysed using the Shore-Balashov parametrisation. As part of the analysis procedure we determine numerically rigorous confidence limits for the derived parameters. We believe this is the first time that such error limits are presented in the literature for the derived parameters. No previous experimental or theoretical work has been undertaken at the incident energy of the present investigation but, where possible, the resulting parameters are qualitatively compared against the 80 eV results of other experiments and theory.
Cultural Influences on Physics Education
Authors: Lingbiao Gao
Published: June 2013

This paper gives a brief description of the cultural influences in China today on education in general, and on the teaching and learning of physics in particular. The discussion focuses on (a) the emphasis on moral and intellectual development as the aims of physics education, (b) the content of the school physics course, teaching strategies and the reform of physics teaching, and (c) students' approaches and conceptions of learning, their ways of thinking and their understanding of concepts in physics.
Swarms in Periodically Time Dependent Electric Fields
Authors: Kumar Kailash
Published: June 2013

The transport theory of swarms in a time dependent electric field is formulated in terms of the Boltzmann equation expressed as an integral equation in time. It allows for a convenient physical description of the time development of the swarm for the case of a periodically time dependent field. The exact solution of the ideal charge transfer or BGK model, obtained earlier by Robson and Makabe, is expressed in a closed form.
The Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Bright Spark for Australia's Future
Authors: Neunnan DS , Brennan MJ
Published: June 2013

A dielectric barrier or silent discharge is the name given to a transient gas discharge occurring between two electrodes separated by one or two layers of dielectric material. They have formed the basis of commercial ozonisers for nearly a century but, despite the maturity of this technology, significant experimental and theoretical questions remain to be answered about the operation of these discharges before they can be fully exploited in new applications. Of particular interest is the potential that dielectric barrier discharges display for development as sources of intense, monochromatic, incoherent UV/VUV radiation. This paper briefly outlines the current status of the field with regard to research into the operation and UV/VUV radiative spectroscopy of dielectric barrier discharges. Some applications of these sources are briefly discussed and some of the theoretical models proposed to explain their operation are outlined. The paper concludes with a summary and outlook of the experimental and theoretical project that is being set up under a collaborative venture by CQU and ANU to study dielectric barrier discharges.
An Overview of Recycling in Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: E McClelland David
Published: June 2013

Recycling refers to optical techniques used in laser interferometers to enhance their signal response for a given input power. Driven by the quest to detect gravitational waves using interferometers, a host of configurations have been proposed over the last ten years. Here, these techniques are summarised, and their tolerance to wavefront distortion considered along with their applicability to long and mid baseline laser interferometers.
Modelling the Large Scale Structure of the Universe after COBE
Authors: Quinn PJ
Published: June 2013

N-body models running on supercomputers have been widely used to explore the development of structure in the expanding Universe. Recent results from the COBE satellite have provided a global normalisation of these models which now allows detailed comparisons to be drawn between observations and model predictions. Some predictions of the cold dark matter primordial perturbation spectrum are now shown to be consistent with surveys of galaxy redshifts.
Progress in Measuring the Hubble Constant
Authors: Mould Jeremy
Published: June 2013

The Hubble Space Telescope is breaking a long-standing impasse in physical cosmology. The distances of galaxies sufficiently remote for their random velocities to be negligible can now be measured in two steps, the first using Cepheid variable stars as standard candles to approximately 20 Mpc, the second using a variety of secondary distance indicators to distances 10 times larger. The present key project on the Hubble Constant aims to measure Ho to 10%. Current results with approximately 20% uncertainty suggest that cosmologists will be offered a dilemma: an open Universe or a vacuum energy dominated Universe.
Excited-state Structure and Dynamics of Nitric Oxide probed by Resonant Four-wave Mixing Techniques
Authors: McCormack EF , Pratt ST , Dehmer PM , Dehmer JL
Published: June 2013

We review the results from two experiments that used resonant four-wave mixing (RFWM) techniques to investigate double-resonance transitions in NO. In the first experiment, laserinduced grating decay curves that reveal quantum beats due to the hyperfine structure of the A 2Σ, υ' = 0 state were observed and interpreted. In the second, multistate interactions between the L 2II1/ 2,3/2, υ = 8 and Q 2II1/ 2,3/2, υ = 0 states were investigated, and new assignments were made. The results highlight the potential of RFWM techniques for probing excited-state physics.
Interaction of Highly Charged Ions with Surfaces
Authors: Burgdörfer Joachim , Reinhold Carlos , Hägg Lotten , Meyer Fred
Published: June 2013

An overview is given of recent advances in the theoretical description of the interaction of multiply charged ions with surfaces. Simulations are presented displaying the formation of hollow atoms when slow highly charged ions approach the surface. It is shown that above-surface neutralisation proceeds via hollow-atom formation. Relaxation of the multiply excited states to the ground state occurs only subsequent to the close encounter with the topmost atomic layer.
Physical Implications of the Gravitational Fluxoid
Authors: Agop M , Ciubotariu C , Gh Buzea C , Buzea C , Ciobanu B
Published: June 2013

A physical model which considers a U1 gauge invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous symmetry-breaking and minimally coupled to a gravitoelectromagnetic field is proposed. Its topological charge is identified with the gravitational ftuxoid. In this paper we analyse the spin-gravitomagnetic field interaction and the kinetic moment-gravitomagnetic field interaction.
8Be Level Properties from the Low-energy 7Li(p, γo)8Be Cross Section
Authors: Barker FC
Published: June 2013

R-matrix fits to 7Li(p, γo)8Be cross section data for Ep ≤ 1500 keV give reduced width amplitudes of the 1+ levels of 8Be at 17.64 and 18.15 MeV having signs in agreement with shell model calculations, contrary to previous fits to less-extensive data.
Some Recent Developments in the Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solids
Authors: Leckey Robert
Published: June 2013

A selective review of some recent achievements in the general area of the
photoelectron spectroscopy of solids is presented emphasising full hemisphere
data collection. The current state of development of both surface structure
and electronic band structure determinations is illustrated with an emphasis
on materials for which electron correlation effects are significant.
Interference and Spin Effects in Relativistic (e, 2e) Collisions
Authors: Keller Stefan
Published: June 2013

The interpretation of the triply differential cross sections for ionisation of
inner-shell states of high-Z atoms by relativistic electrons is discussed for
the case of coplanar asymmetric scattering geometry. It is demonstrated that
both strong-field and relativistic interference effects lead to distinct
structures in the experimental data. Elements of a similar analysis of spin
asymmetries measured in experiments with transversely polarised electrons are
also presented.
Magnetic Stress in Solar System Plasmas
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: June 2013

Magnetic stresses play an important role in the dynamics of geophysical
systems, from deep inside the Earth to the tenuous plasmas of deep space. In
the magnetic dynamos inside the sun and the planets, the magnetic stresses of
necessity rival the interior mechanical stresses. In solar system plasmas,
magnetic stresses play critical roles in the transfer of mass, momentum and
energy from one region to another. Coronal mass ejections are rapidly expelled
from the sun and their interplanetary manifestations plough through the
pre-existing solar wind. Some of these structures resemble flux ropes, bundles
of magnetic field wrapped around a central core, and some of these appear to
be almost force-free. These structures and similar ones in planetary
magnetospheres appear to be created by the mechanism of magnetic reconnection.
Solar system plasmas generally organise themselves in giant cells in which the
properties are rather uniform, separated by thin current layers across which
the properties change rapidly. When the magnetic field on the two sides of one
of these current layers changes direction significantly (by over 90°), the
magnetic field on opposite sides of the boundary may become linked across the
current sheet. If the resulting magnetic stress can accelerate the plasma out
of the reconnection region, the process will continue uninterrupted. If not,
the process will shut itself off. Such continuous reconnection can occur at
the Earth’s magnetopause and those of the magnetised planets.
Reconnection in the terrestrial magnetotail current sheet and the jovian
current sheet occurs in a setting in which the flow can be blocked on one
side, causing reconnection to be inherently time-varying. At Jupiter, this
mechanism also separates heavy ions from magnetospheric flux tubes so that the
ions can escape but Jupiter can retain its magnetic field. Despite the very
wide range of parameters and scales encountered in heliospheric plasmas, there
is surprising coherence in the mechanisms in these varying environments.
Bulk Viscosity and Particle Creation in Brans - Dicke Theory
Authors: Singh G. P. , Beesham A.
Published: June 2013

The effect of bulk viscosity on the evolution of the spatially flat
Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) models in the
context of open thermodynamical systems, which allow for particle creation, is
analysed within the framework of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory. The BD field
equations are modified with the incorporation of a creation pressure and bulk
viscous stress. A class of physically plausible models has been taken into
consideration. The behaviour of the particle number density and bulk viscosity
is discussed with the evolution of the Brans–Dicke scalar field.
Cold Target Helium Recoil Ion Momentum Imaging: Understanding Correlated Electron Motion in the Double Ionisation Process
Authors: Schmidt-Böcking H. , Mergel V. , Dörner R. , Bräuning H. , Achler M. , Spielberger L. , Jagutzki O. , Weber T. , Khayyat Kh. , Ullrich J. , Cocke C. L. , Prior M. H. , Azuma Y. , Awaya Y. , Kambara T.
Published: June 2013

Novel imaging techniques enable a highly efficient detection of ions and
electrons from ionising multi-fragmentation processes of atoms and molecules
induced by photons and charged particles. From position and time-of-flight
measurements the vector momenta of these fragments are determined. These
devices combine 4Π solid angle with high resolution in momentum space.
They deliver multi-dimensional images of the multi-particle break-up
processes. These fully differential cross sections unveil the physical
processes dominating the reaction. We discuss double ionisation of He induced
by photons and fast protons, which is one of the most fundamental two-electron
systems. New results are presented. In a speculative manner the future
perspectives with respect to the investigation of dynamical electron–
electron correlation are discussed.
Angular Distribution of Hydrogen Fragment Ions in H+ - H2 Collisions
Authors: Siegmann Bärbel , Hippler Rainer
Published: June 2013

The angular distribution of H+ fragment ions
produced in 5–25 keV
H+–H2 collisions was
investigated in coincidence with Lyman-α photons. The observed photons
arise from electron capture to the projectile H(2p) state and/or from the
fragmentation of the H2 molecule via
2sσg, 2pσu or
2pΠ u states of the excited
H+2*
ion. An analysis of the measured angular distributions has been performed to
distinguish the separate degenerate channels available to an emitted
Lyman-α photon. The results show similarities to the data of Lindsay
et al. (1987) who measured the non-coincident angular
distribution of H+ fragment ions within the same
energy range.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
(Mulsant) (Coccinellidae: Scymninae): a review of biology, ecology, and use in biological control with particular reference to potential impact on non-target organisms.
Authors: Kairo M. T. K. , Paraiso O. , Gautam R. D. , Peterkin D. D.
Published: June 2013

Over the years,
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been used in both classical and augmentative biological control programmes. The ladybird is also considered important in certain conservation biological control programmes. This paper provides a critical review of the literature pertaining to its biology, ecology and use, with a particular emphasis on potential impact on non-target organisms.
C. montrouzieri
has many of the attributes of an effective natural enemy, including a rapid development rate, high reproductive potential, good adaptation to a range of tropical and subtropical climates, high prey consumption rates by both adults and larvae and ease of rearing. The coccinellid has been introduced into at least 64 countries/territories to control more than 16 pest species.
C. montrouzieri
is a polyphagous predator that exploits hosts in at least eight hemipteran families. It is noteworthy that it has adapted to feed on new insect families in some new localities where it has been introduced. Although the wide host range has allowed its use against a variety of pest species, it is also a good indicator of the potential to feed on non-target species. In view of the continued interest to utilize the predator in new non-native localities, questions have arisen regarding its potential to cause negative impacts, especially against non-target organisms. Given the wide recorded host range, it seems unnecessary to conduct additional host range tests as significant decisions can be made based on the available information. Thus, when the available data are interpreted based on a centrifugal process, it is apparent that the ladybird has a potentially very broad host range. Therefore, even without additional studies, it would be reasonable to assume that the ladybird has the potential to extend its host range in unpredictable ways. Clearly, the beetle would provide a good model for conducting post-release studies, especially where the predator has been established for a long time. Such studies would not only provide insight into the impact of introducing generalist non-native coccinellid predators but also help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms limiting host range.
Who Benefits from a Job Change
Authors: Pavlopoulos Dimitris , Fouarge Didier , Muffels Ruud , Vermunt Jeroen K
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we use panel data from the UK and Germany to investigate the effect of employer changes and in-firm job changes on year-to-year wage mobility of male full-time workers. Following segmentation theories and the job search theory, we study whether this effect differs for the low- and high-wage workers. As wage growth is endogenous to the decision of changing jobs, a two-stage Heckman selection approach is used. Specifically, we first estimate a random-effects multinomial logit model for the selection into a job transition and then a fixed-effects panel regression model for the wage growth. The findings suggest that both external and in-firm job changes result into substantial wage gains for the low-paid workers but not for the medium- or high-paid workers. However, the wage gain of low-paid workers due to an in-firm job change is only observed in the UK and is less pronounced than their gain by an external job change. In the German labour market, the later effect is insignificant. The results indicate that low-paid workers profit more from a voluntary change of employer in the coordinated German labour market and from a voluntary in-firm change in the liberal British labour market.
Variation of Hilbert coefficients
Authors: Ghezzi Laura , Goto Shiro , Hong Jooyoun , Vasconcelos Wolmer
Published: June 2013

For a Noetherian local ring

(

R

,

m

)

(\mathbf {R}, \mathfrak {m})

, the first two Hilbert coefficients,

e
0

e_0

and

e
1

e_1

, of the

I
I

-adic filtration of an

m

\mathfrak {m}

-primary ideal

I
I

are known to code for properties of

R

\mathbf {R}

, of the blowup of

Spec
⁡
(

R

)

\operatorname {Spec}(\mathbf {R})

along

V
(
I
)

V(I)

, and even of their normalizations. We give estimations for these coefficients when

I
I

is enlarged (in the case of

e
1

e_1

in the same integral closure class) for general Noetherian local rings.
An embedding theorem
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. , Shuster L.
Published: June 2013

We consider a weighted space

W
1

(
2
)

(

R

,
q
)

W_1^{(2)}(\mathbb R,q)

of Sobolev type:
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W 1 Superscript left-parenthesis 2 right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis double-struck upper R comma q right-parenthesis equals StartSet y element-of upper A upper C Subscript l o c Superscript left-parenthesis 1 right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis colon double-vertical-bar y double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis Baseline plus double-vertical-bar q y double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis Baseline greater-than normal infinity EndSet comma">

W
1

(
2
)

(

R

,
q
)
=

{
y
∈
A

C

loc

(
1
)

(

R

)
:
‖
y

‖

L
1

(

R

)

+
‖
q
y

‖

L
1

(

R

)

>
∞
}

,

W_1^{(2)}(\mathbb R,q)=\left \{y\in AC_{\operatorname {loc}}^{(1)}(\mathbb R): \|y\|_{L_1(\mathbb R)}+\|qy\|_{L_1(\mathbb R)}>\infty \right \},

\]
where

0
≤
q
∈

L
1

loc

(

R

)

0\le q\in L_1^{\operatorname {loc}}(\mathbb R)

and
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar y double-vertical-bar Subscript upper W 1 Sub Superscript left-parenthesis 2 right-parenthesis Subscript left-parenthesis double-struck upper R comma q right-parenthesis Baseline equals double-vertical-bar y double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis Baseline plus double-vertical-bar q y double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis Baseline period">

‖
y

‖

W
1

(
2
)

(

R

,
q
)

=
‖
y

‖

L
1

(

R

)

+
‖
q
y

‖

L
1

(

R

)

.

\|y\|_{W_1^{(2)}(\mathbb R,q)}=\|y\|_{L_1(\mathbb R)}+\|qy\|_{L_1(\mathbb R)}.

\]

We obtain a precise condition which guarantees the embedding
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W 1 Superscript left-parenthesis 2 right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis double-struck upper R comma q right-parenthesis right-arrow with hook upper L Subscript p Baseline left-parenthesis double-struck upper R right-parenthesis comma p element-of left-bracket 1 comma normal infinity right-parenthesis period">

W
1

(
2
)

(

R

,
q
)
↪

L
p

(

R

)
,
 
p
∈
[
1
,
∞
)
.

W_1^{(2)}(\mathbb R,q)\hookrightarrow L_p(\mathbb R),\ p\in [1,\infty ).

\]
In Defence of Service Provision Changes?
Authors: Wynn-Evans Charles
Published: June 2013

The introduction in 2006 of the service provision change, as an alternative form of relevant transfer for the purposes of the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006, was intended to enhance legal certainty and employee protection in relation to changes of providers of labour-intensive activities. The Government has now embarked upon consultation over potential reform of various aspects of the domestic transfer of undertakings legislation, including a proposal to repeal its provisions relating to service provision changes. This article assesses the proposed abolition of service provision changes by reference to the policy considerations that led to their introduction, the jurisprudence in the intervening period and the arguments now deployed in support of the proposed reform of the legislation. The case for retention of the service provision change regime argues not only that the case law since 2006 has narrowed the differences between service provision changes and ‘traditional’ transfers of undertakings, thereby addressing to a significant extent the concerns raised by critics of the service provision change concept about its expansion of the transfer legislation; it also contends that the abolition of service provision changes would be a retrograde step, not solely in terms of employee protection. The application of the transfer legislation in the context of labour-intensive activities would then revert to the uncertain and unsatisfactory legal position created by the ECJ decision in Ayse Süzen and its interpretation in the associated domestic case law. The case for repeal argues that the service provision change regime constitutes unnecessary ‘gold-plating’ of the domestic transfer legislation and leads to impaired market efficiency. This debate not only reflects the difficulties arising from the technicalities of the transfer legislation; it also derives to a significant extent from the inevitable conflict between employment protection and its effect on competition in relation to the provision of services.
Principles of wound care
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Principles of wound care
Principles of blood transfusion
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Principles of blood transfusion
Perioperative anticoagulation management
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Perioperative anticoagulation management
Principles of care of critically ill patients
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Principles of care of critically ill patients
Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Principles of infection control
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Principles of infection control
Ingestion of foreign bodies
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Ingestion of foreign bodies
Oesophageal cancer
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Oesophageal cancer
Gastric cancer
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Gastric cancer
Acute appendicitis
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Acute appendicitis
Haemorrhoid disease
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Haemorrhoid disease
Colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Colorectal cancer
Acute pancreatitis
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Chronic pancreatitis
Gallstone disease
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Gallstone disease
Surgical management of liver metastasis
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Surgical management of liver metastasis
Prevention of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS)
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Prevention of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS)
Chronic limb ischaemia
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Chronic limb ischaemia
Breast cancer
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Breast cancer
Thyroid nodules and cancer
Authors: Jibawi Abdullah , Cade David
Published: June 2013

Thyroid nodules - Thyroid cancer
Quantitative Imaging of Gene Expression in Drosophila Embryos
Authors: Surkova Svetlana , Myasnikova Ekaterina , Kozlov Konstantin N. , Pisarev Andrei , Reinitz John , Samsonova Maria
Published: June 2013

Quantitative measurements derived using sophisticated microscopy techniques are essential for understanding the basic principles that control the behavior of biological systems. Here we describe a data pipeline developed to extract quantitative data on segmentation gene expression from confocal images of gene expression patterns in Drosophila. The pipeline consists of image segmentation, background removal, temporal characterization of an embryo, data registration, and data averaging. This pipeline has been successfully applied to obtain quantitative gene expression data at cellular resolution in space and at 6.5-min resolution in time. It has also enabled the construction of a spatiotemporal atlas of segmentation gene expression. We describe the software used to construct a workflow for extracting quantitative data on segmentation gene expression and the BREReA package, which implements the methods for background removal and registration of segmentation gene expression patterns.
Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream versus adapalene 0.1% gel in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Takigawa Masahiro , Tokura Yoshiki , Shimada Shinji , Furukawa Fukumi , Noguchi Norihisa , Ito Taisuke ,   The Acne Study Group
Published: June 2013

This multicenter, randomized parallel group study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream (combination therapy) compared with adapalene gel (monotherapy) during 12‐week treatment of acne vulgaris. A total of 184 Japanese patients aged above 12 years with moderate to severe acne as indicated by the Japanese severity grading criteria were randomized to combination therapy (n = 84) and monotherapy (n = 100) groups, both having comparable demographic and baseline characteristics. Adapalene was applied only to inflammatory acne lesions in order to minimize skin irritation and ensure the treatment results. Efficacy and safety evaluations, treatment compliance and satisfaction with drug application were periodically monitored. The combination therapy provided a significantly greater efficacy than adapalene in decrement of inflammatory papulopustular lesions at 4 weeks and thereafter (P = 0.0056). The overall judgment of the therapeutic efficacy by the physician at the end of study revealed a significant difference (P = 0.02496) between the groups in favor of combination therapy. Dryness was reported in a greater proportion of patients undergoing monotherapy than combination therapy at weeks 2 and 4 (P = 0.04652). The patient self‐assessment in satisfaction with the drug application at the end of study revealed a significant difference (P = 0.00268) between the groups in favor of combination therapy. Among 76 strains of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from 87 patients, no strain was resistant to nadifloxacin. Thus, the simultaneous use of adapalene and nadifloxacin may provide an additive and complementary effect, resulting in clinical superiority and greater patient adherence compared to adapalene monotherapy.
Variation in herbivore‐induced plant volatiles corresponds with spatial heterogeneity in the level of parasitoid competition and parasitoid exposure to hyperparasitism
Authors: Poelman Erik H. , Harvey Jeffrey A. , van Loon Joop J. A. , Vet Louise E. M. , Dicke Marcel
Published: June 2013

Reproductive success for species in which offspring are confined to a distinct resource depends on the ability of parents to locate reproductive sites as well as the quality of these sites in terms of the food source, risk of predation and competition. To locate hosts for their offspring, parasitic wasps, or parasitoids, use plant odour blends induced by herbivore feeding. These herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) may also be used by competitors and predators. Therefore, offspring of parasitoids that respond to the most conspicuous odours may find themselves more frequently involved in competition or predation risk.

We studied cultivars of Brassica oleracea that are known to differ in volatile production that underlies attractiveness to parasitoids and asked whether variation in this parameter is associated with a heterogeneous distribution of intrinsic competition among parasitoid larvae and predation risk by hyperparasitoids that parasitize parasitoid larvae or pupae. We inoculated field‐grown plants with Pieris caterpillars and, thereafter, exposed them to the natural parasitoid community. We measured the frequency of multiple incidences of parasitism in these herbivores. Cocoons of the parasitoids were collected to identify the degree of hyperparasitism associated with different Brassica cultivars.

Pieris caterpillars on cultivars that were more attractive to Cotesia parasitoids were more commonly parasitized by several females of the same (superparasitism) or different wasp species (multiparasitism) than caterpillars on less attractive plants. Cocoons of parasitoids on attractive plants also more frequently produced hyperparasitoids.

Our results show that there is heterogeneity in intrinsic competition and risk of hyperparasitism for parasitoids on different cabbage cultivars and that this heterogeneity is likely generated by variation in attraction of parasitoids to HIPVs of these cultivars. We conclude that parasitoids may find themselves between a rock and a hard place as cues for host presence may also predict high levels of competition and risk of predation. We speculate that this affects selection on parasitoid responses to plant odours and enhances selection on traits that make wasps better intrinsic or extrinsic competitors as well as selection for adaptive traits – such as crypsis – that protect them against hyperparasitoids.
Patterns of top‐down control in a seagrass ecosystem: could a roving apex predator induce a behaviour‐mediated trophic cascade?
Authors: Burkholder Derek A. , Heithaus Michael R. , Fourqurean James W. , Wirsing Aaron , Dill Lawrence M.
Published: June 2013

The loss of large‐bodied herbivores and/or top predators has been associated with large‐scale changes in ecosystems around the world, but there remain important questions regarding the contexts in which such changes are most likely and the mechanisms through which they occur, particularly in marine ecosystems.

We used long‐term exclusion cages to examine the effects of large grazers (sea cows,Dugong dugon; sea turtlesChelonia mydas) on seagrass community structure, biomass and nutrient dynamics. Experiments were conducted in habitats with high risk of predation (interior of shallow banks) and lower risk (edges of banks) to elucidate whether nonconsumptive (risk) effects of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), a roving predator, structure herbivore impacts on seagrasses.

In lower‐risk habitats, excluding large herbivores resulted in increased leaf length forCymodocea angustataandHalodule uninervis.C. angustatashoot densities nearly tripled when released from herbivory, whileH. uninervisnearly disappeared from exclusion cages over the course of the study.

We found no support for the hypothesis that grazing increases seagrass nutrient content. Instead, phosphorus content was higher in seagrasses within exclosures. This pattern is consistent with decreased light availability in the denserC. angustatacanopies that formed in exclosures, and may indicate that competition for light led to the decrease inH. uninervis.

Impacts of large grazers were consistent with a behaviour‐mediated trophic cascade (BMTC) initiated by tiger sharks and mediated by risk‐sensitive foraging by large grazers.

Our results suggest that large‐bodied grazers likely played important roles in seagrass ecosystem dynamics historically and that roving predators are capable of initiating aBMTC. Conservation efforts in coastal ecosystems must account for such interactions or risk unintended consequences.
The tetraspanin geneMaPls1contributes to virulence by affecting germination, appressorial function and enzymes for cuticle degradation in the entomopathogenic fungus,Metarhizium acridum
Authors: Luo Sha , He Min , Cao Yueqing , Xia Yuxian
Published: June 2013

In most eukaryotes, tetraspanins regulate cellular activities by associating with other membrane components. In phytopathogenic fungi, the tetraspaninPls1controls appressorium‐mediated penetration. However, regulation ofPls1and its associated signalling pathways are not clear. In this study, theMaPls1gene from the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium acridumwas functionally characterized.MaPls1was highly expressed in mycelium and appressorium, and accumulated on the plasma membrane or in the cytoplasm. Compared with a wild‐type strain, the deletion mutant ΔMaPls1had delayed germination and appressorium formation and impaired turgor pressure on locust wings, but normal germination on medium and non‐host insect matrices. Bioassays showed that ΔMaPls1had decreased virulence and hyphal body formation in haemolymph when topically inoculated, but was not different from wild type when the insect cuticle was bypassed. Moreover, the ability to grow out of the cuticle was impaired in ΔMaPls1. Digital gene expression profiling revealed that genes involved in hydrolysing host cuticle and cell wall synthesis and remodelling were downregulated in ΔMaPls1.MaPls1participated in crosstalk with signalling pathways such as the cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐dependent protein kinaseAand calmodulin‐dependent pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrated the important roles ofMaPls1at the early stage of infection‐associated development inM. acridum.