bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to measure cultural competence when evaluating patient-centred care: a scoping review
Authors: Ahmed Sadia , Siad Fartoon M , Manalili Kimberly , Lorenzetti Diane L , Barbosa Tiffany , Lantion Vic , Lu Mingshan , Quan Hude , Santana Maria-Jose
Published: July 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify patient-centred quality indicators (PC-QI) and measures for measuring cultural competence in healthcare.

Design

Scoping review.

Setting

All care settings.

Search strategy

A search of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts and SocINDEX, and the grey literature was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they reported indicators or measures for cultural competence. We differentiated PC-QIs from measures: PC-QIs were identified asa unit of measurement of the performance of the healthcare system, which reflects what matters to patients and families, and to any individual that is in contact with healthcare services.In contrast, measures evaluate delivery of patient-centred care, in the form of a survey and/or checklist. Data collected included publication year and type, country, ethnocultural groups and mention of quality indicator and/or measures for cultural competence.

Results

The search yielded a total of 786 abstracts and sources, of which 16 were included in the review. Twelve out of 16 sources reported measures for cultural competence, for a total of 10 measures. Identified domains from the measures included: physical environment, staff awareness of attitudes and values, diversity training and communication. Two out of 16 sources reported PC-QIs for cultural competence (92 structure and process indicators, and 48 outcome indicators). There was greater representation of structure and process indicators and measures for cultural competence, compared with outcome indicators.

Conclusion

Monitoring and evaluating patient-centred care for ethnocultural communities allows for improvements to be made in the delivery of culturally competent healthcare. Future research should include development of PC-QIs for measuring cultural competence that also reflect cultural humility, and the involvement of ethnocultural communities in the development and implementation of these indicators.
Qualitative study of barriers to clinical trial retention in adults with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Henshall Catherine , Narendran Parth , Andrews Robert C , Daley Amanda , Stokes Keith A , Kennedy Amy , Greenfield Sheila
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Regular physical exercise may preserve β cell function in newly diagnosed adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, clinical trials to test this theory require the recruitment and retention of adults with new-onset T1D, which can be challenging. We sought to determine the overall experiences of newly diagnosed adults with T1D in an exercise study, to understand issues that influence the retention of trial participants in such studies.

Design

Qualitative methodology using individual face-to-face (n=6) and telephone interviews (n=14). Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using the framework method.

Setting

The study took place at five participating UK hospitals.

Participants

Twenty participants, aged 19–55 years, in the Exercise for Type 1 Diabetes study were interviewed to explore their study experiences and identify motivators and deterrents towards the study. Participants in control and intervention arms were interviewed, as were people with T1D who had completed (n=16) and withdrawn (n=4).

Results

Participants revealed barriers and facilitators to retention; the majority were generalisable to clinical trials of people with newly diagnosed T1D. Coming to terms with a diagnosis of T1D, lack of time, work pressures, level of health professional support, volume, clarity and consistency of information and feedback and a desire for knowledge about their condition were all cited as influencing factors to trial retention.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to examine the experience of being involved in an exercise trial by people with T1D. Findings suggest appointments could be shorter, available outside of working hours and planned longer in advance; study information should be clear, consistent and in electronic and paper formats; questionnaires need minimising; healthcare support and feedback needs providing regularly; thought is required around how to support non-exercising arm participants. These considerations may improve participant retention rates in new-onset T1D studies.
Transforming concepts in patient safety: a progress report
Authors: Gandhi Tejal K , Kaplan Gary S , Leape Lucian , Berwick Donald M , Edgman-Levitan Susan , Edmondson Amy , Meyer Gregg S , Michaels David , Morath Julianne M , Vincent Charles , Wachter Robert
Published: July 2018

In 2009, the National Patient Safety Foundation’s Lucian Leape Institute (LLI) published a paper identifying five areas of healthcare that require system-level attention and action to advance patient safety.The authors argued that to truly transform the safety of healthcare, there was a need to address medical education reform; care integration; restoring joy and meaning in work and ensuring the safety of the healthcare workforce; consumer engagement in healthcare and transparency across the continuum of care. In the ensuing years, the LLI convened a series of expert roundtables to address each concept, look at obstacles to implementation, assess potential for improvement, identify potential implementation partners and issue recommendations for action. Reports of these activities were published between 2010 and 2015. While all five areas have seen encouraging developments, multiple challenges remain. In this paper, the current members of the LLI (now based at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement) assess progress made in the USA since 2009 and identify ongoing challenges.
Weight(s) of complicity
Authors: Walker Alec , London Alex John
Published: July 2018

International non-governmental organisations (INGO) face a dilemma when deciding whether to intervene in crisis situations where their efforts can be exploited or co-opted by others: intervene and risk becoming complicit with wrongdoing or sit on the sidelines and consign vulnerable people to the ravages of neglect or oppression. In “‘He who helps the guilty, shares the crime’? INGOs, moral narcissism and complicity in wrongdoing,” Buth et al argue that concerns about complicity often stifle ethical debate and encourage moral narcissism. We argue that neglecting concerns about complicity can foster a different form of moral narcissism and that where worries of complicity are present, aid efforts face three types of risk: risks to others created by contributing to wrongful acts or bad outcomes; risks to the moral integrity of the INGO and its personnel; and risks to social trust in the INGO. In the end, we challenge the assumption that there is a unique, ethically best way to reconcile these values. We suggest that the causes of justice and humanity might be better served by a diverse community of INGOs who each gives different weight to these concerns, than if each INGO adopts the same framework for reconciling these competing demands.
Safety and maintenance of response for tofacitinib monotherapy and combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of pooled data from open-label long-term extension studies
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Takiya Liza , Maniccia Anna , Kwok Kenneth , Wang Lisy , van Vollenhoven Ronald F
Published: July 2018

Objective

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This post hoc analysis evaluated patients receiving tofacitinib monotherapy or combination therapy, as well as those who switched from monotherapy to combination therapy (mono→combo) or vice versa (combo→mono) in long-term extension (LTE) studies.

Methods

Data were pooled from open-label LTE studies (ORAL Sequel (NCT00413699; ongoing; data collected 14 January 2016) andNCT00661661) involving patients who participated in qualifying index studies. Efficacy outcomes included American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 rates, change from baseline in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-4(ESR)), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index and DAS28-4(ESR) and CDAI low disease activity and remission. Safety was evaluated over 96 months.

Results

Of the 4967 patients treated, 35.4% initiated tofacitinib monotherapy, 64.6% initiated combination therapy, 2.6% were mono→combo switchers and 7.1% were combo→mono switchers. Patients who switched multiple times were excluded. Of those who initiated monotherapy and combination therapy, 87.8% (1543/1757) and 82.0% (2631/3210), respectively, remained on the same regimen throughout the study; efficacy was maintained. Incidence rates (IRs) for serious adverse events with tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg twice daily, respectively, were 9.42 and 8.41 with monotherapy and 8.36 and 10.75 with combination therapy; IRs for discontinuations due to AEs were 7.13 and 6.06 with monotherapy and 7.82 and 8.06 with combination therapy (overlapping CIs). For mono→combo and combo→mono switchers, discontinuations due to AEs were experienced by 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively, within 30 days of switching.

Conclusion

Tofacitinib efficacy as monotherapy or combination therapy was maintained through month 48 and sustained to month 72, with minimal switching of treatment regimens. Safety was consistent over 96 months.

Clinical trial registration

NCT00413699(Pre-results) andNCT00661661(Results).
Strong lensing and observables around 5D Myers–Perry black hole spacetime
Authors: Kuniyal Ravi Shankar , Nandan Hemwati , Papnoi Uma , Uniyal Rashmi , Purohit K. D.
Published: July 2018

We study the motion of massless test particles in a five-dimensional (5D) Myers–Perry black hole spacetime with two-spin parameters. The behavior of the effective potential in view of different values of black hole parameters is discussed in the equatorial plane. The frequency shift of photons is calculated which is found to depend on the spin parameter of black hole and the observed redshift is discussed accordingly. The deflection angle and the strong deflection limit coefficients are also calculated and their behavior with the spin parameters is analyzed in detail. It is observed that the behaviors of both deflection angle and strong field coefficient differs from Kerr black hole spacetime in four dimensions in General Relativity (GR), which is mainly due to the presence of two-spin parameters in higher dimension.
Gravitational collapse of interacting combination of dark matter and dark energy in the context of brane world regime
Authors: Shah Hasrat Hussain , Rahaman Farook
Published: July 2018

In the scenario of an optimal consideration that is, homogeneous and flat spacetime, we study the Black Hole (BH) formation from the gravitational collapse of a spherical symmetric clump of matter in the case of the specific Dark Matter (DM) model interacting with Dark Energy (DE) in the context of the brane world regime. This clump of matter constituted of DM, [Formula: see text] and DE, [Formula: see text]. In the present model, we consider anisotropic pressure in the energy–momentum tensor with a polytropic equation of state (EoS), [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Our results show that the gravitational collapse of an interacting combination of DM and DE leads to the formation of BH in the presence of brane tension. Recent work provides the generalization of isotropic pressure to an-isotropic pressure in the energy–momentum tensor for the specific interacting combination model of DM and DE in a brane world regime.
Picosecond nonlinear refraction of C2H4Cl2 and C2H4Br2 at 532nm studied with Z-scan technique
Authors: Kuo Yu-Ting , Huang Po-Yuan , Li Yi-Ci , Tang Jaw-Luen , Wei Tai-Huei
Published: July 2018

We investigated optical nonlinear refraction (NLR) of C2H4Cl2 and C2H4Br2 using the [Formula: see text]-scan technique with 532[Formula: see text]nm 17 picosecond pulses delivered at 10[Formula: see text]Hz. We found that the latter shows larger positive Kerr nonlinear refractive index than the former, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/W versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/W. According to our additional study on time-resolved Raman-induced Kerr effect, this observed trend is ascribed to stronger inter-molecular motions of diffusive reorientation and polarizability distortion in C2H4Br2 than in C2H4Cl2. This study helps to understand the nonlinear response of molecular motions to electric-field in great details which have not been well-defined previously.
An Overview of Parameters Influencing the Performance of Hermetic Reciprocating Compressor for Domestic Applications
Authors: Samuel K. John , Thundil Karuppa Raj R. , Edison G.
Published: July 2018

The performance of the refrigeration system mainly depends on the hermetic compressor. Of different compressors used in the refrigeration and air conditioning industries, hermetic reciprocating compressors are still efficient and have its place in domestic applications. This paper presents a review of most critical parameters and their influence on the hermetic reciprocating compressor performance. A detailed study is done on parameters like backflow, effective force and flow areas, valve dynamic behavior, etc. This study mainly concentrated on compressor valves which influence the performance of the hermetic compressor to a much greater extent. Finally, the study reveals that these parameters are playing a vital role in influencing the performance of the refrigeration system. Advanced numerical techniques involving combining fluid flow and structural analysis involving Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) may give a better insight of the flow physics happening inside the compressors and the effect of fluid force on valve fluttering, back pressure and dynamics characteristics can be revealed in depth to optimize the performance of the hermetic compressor for household applications involving air conditioners, refrigerators, water coolers, chillers, etc.
Faster Base64 Encoding and Decoding Using AVX2 Instructions
Authors: Muła Wojciech , Lemire Daniel
Published: July 2018

Web developers use base64 formats to include images, fonts, sounds, and other resources directly inside HTML, JavaScript, JSON, and XML files. We estimate that billions of base64 messages are decoded every day. We are motivated to improve the efficiency of base64 encoding and decoding. Compared to state-of-the-art implementations, we multiply the speeds of both the encoding (≈ 10 ×0) and the decoding (≈ 7 ×). We achieve these good results by using the single-instruction-multiple-data instructions available on recent Intel processors (AVX2). Our accelerated software abides by the specification and reports errors when encountering characters outside of the base64 set. It is available online as free software under a liberal license.
Evaluating Quality in Use of Corporate Web Sites
Authors: Fogli Daniela , Guida Giovanni
Published: July 2018

In our prior work, we presented a novel approach to the evaluation of quality in use of corporate web sites based on an original quality model (QM-U) and a related methodology (EQ-EVAL). This article focuses on two research questions. The first one aims at investigating whether expected quality obtained through the application of EQ-EVAL methodology by employing a small panel of evaluators is a good approximation of actual quality obtained through experimentation with real users. To answer this research question, a comparative study has been carried out involving 5 evaluators and 50 real users. The second research question aims at demonstrating that the adoption of the EQ-EVAL methodology can provide useful information for web site improvement. Three original indicators, namely coherence, coverage and ranking have been defined to answer this question, and an additional study comparing the assessments of two panels of 5 and 10 evaluators, respectively, has been carried out. The results obtained in both studies are largely positive and provide a rational support for the adoption of the EQ-EVAL methodology.
Optimizing Whole-Page Presentation for Web Search
Authors: Wang Yue , Yin Dawei , Jie Luo , Wang Pengyuan , Yamada Makoto , Chang Yi , Mei Qiaozhu
Published: July 2018

Modern search engines aggregate results from different
verticals
: webpages, news, images, video, shopping, knowledge cards, local maps, and so on. Unlike “ten blue links,” these search results are heterogeneous in nature and not even arranged in a list on the page. This revolution directly challenges the conventional “ranked list” formulation in ad hoc search. Therefore, finding proper
presentation
for a gallery of heterogeneous results is critical for modern search engines.

We propose a novel framework that learns the optimal
page presentation
to render heterogeneous results onto search result page (SERP). Page presentation is broadly defined as the strategy to present a set of items on SERP, much more expressive than a ranked list. It can specify item positions, image sizes, text fonts, and any other styles as long as variations are within business and design constraints. The learned presentation is content aware, i.e., tailored to specific queries and returned results. Simulation experiments show that the framework automatically learns eye-catchy presentations for relevant results. Experiments on real data show that simple instantiations of the framework already outperform leading algorithm in federated search result presentation. It means the framework can
learn
its own result presentation strategy purely from data, without even knowing the “probability ranking principle.”
Phyllanthusmin Derivatives Induce Apoptosis and Reduce Tumor Burden in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Late-Stage Autophagy Inhibition
Authors: Young Alexandria N. , Herrera Denisse , Huntsman Andrew C. , Korkmaz Melissa A. , Lantvit Daniel D. , Mazumder Sarmistha , Kolli Shamalatha , Coss Christopher C. , King Salane , Wang Hongyan , Swanson Steven M. , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Zhang Xiaoli , Phelps Mitch A. , Aldrich Leslie N. , Fuchs James R. , Burdette Joanna E.
Published: July 2018

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a lethal gynecological malignancy with a need for new therapeutics. Many of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs are derived from natural products or their semi-synthetic derivatives. We have developed potent synthetic analogues of a class of compounds known as phyllanthusmins, inspired by natural products isolated from Phyllanthus poilanei Beille. The most potent analogue, PHY34, had the highest potency in HGSOC cell lines in vitro and displayed cytotoxic activity through activation of apoptosis. PHY34 exerts its cytotoxic effects by inhibiting autophagy at a late stage in the pathway, involving the disruption of lysosomal function. The autophagy activator, rapamycin, combined with PHY34 eliminated apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy inhibition may be required for apoptosis. PHY34 was readily bioavailable through intraperitoneal administration in vivo where it significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines in hollow fibers, as well as reduced tumor burden in a xenograft model. We demonstrate that PHY34 acts as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with nanomolar potency and significant antitumor efficacy as a single agent against HGSOC in vivo. This class of compounds holds promise as a potential, novel chemotherapeutic and demonstrates the effectiveness of targeting the autophagic pathway as a viable strategy for combating ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2123–35. ©2018 AACR.
Dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoint Blockade Promotes Antitumor Immune Responses through CD4+Foxp3− Cell–Mediated Modulation of CD103+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: Beavis Paul A. , Henderson Melissa A. , Giuffrida Lauren , Davenport Alexander J. , Petley Emma V. , House Imran G. , Lai Junyun , Sek Kevin , Milenkovski Nicole , John Liza B. , Mardiana Sherly , Slaney Clare Y. , Trapani Joseph A. , Loi Sherene , Kershaw Michael H. , Haynes Nicole M. , Darcy Phillip K.
Published: July 2018

Immunotherapy is widely accepted as a powerful new treatment modality for the treatment of cancer. The most successful form of immunotherapy to date has been the blockade of the immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Combining inhibitors of both PD-1 and CTLA-4 increases the proportion of patients who respond to immunotherapy. However, most patients still do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors, and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism by which these checkpoint inhibitors enhance antitumor immune responses is required to more accurately predict which patients are likely to respond and further enhance this treatment modality. Our current study of two mouse tumor models revealed that CD4+Foxp3− cells activated by dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade modulated the myeloid compartment, including activation of conventional CD103+ dendritic cells (DC) and expansion of a myeloid subset that produces TNFα and iNOS (TIP-DCs). CD4+Foxp3− T cell–mediated activation of CD103+ DCs resulted in enhanced IL12 production by these cells and IL12 enhanced the therapeutic effect of dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. Given the importance of these myeloid subsets in the antitumor immune response, our data point to a previously underappreciated role of CD4+Foxp3− cells in modulating this arm of the antitumor immune response. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1069–81. ©2018 AACR.
МЕДИКО-ЕКСПЕРТНІ КРИТЕРІЇ ОБМЕЖЕННЯ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИ НАСЛІДКАХ ПЕРЕНЕСЕНОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ
Authors: Matyash M. M. , Onopriyenko O. P.
Published: July 2018

Мета: адаптувати Міжнародну класифікацію функціонування, обмеження життєдіяльності та здоров’я (МКФ) для використання при обстеженні хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.Матеріали і методи. У ангіоневрологічному відділенні Броварської центральної лікарні проведено дослідження 110 хворих працездатного віку із наслідками перенесеного інсульту. Всі хворі пройшли стандартне клінічне неврологічне обстеження і тестування за МКФ.Результати. Визначено чинники, розроблено критерії обмеження життєдіяльності у головних сферах життя. Доведено, що адаптація МКФ дозволяє застосовувати її при експертній діагностиці, формулюванні правильного клінічного, функціонального діагнозу, дає можливість оцінити потенціал і ефективність реабілітаційних заходів у хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.Висновки. 1. Застосування МКФ дає змогу об’єктивно оцінити стан хворих, реабілітаційний потенціал і ефективність проведення реабілітаційних заходів у хворих із наслідками перенесеного інсульту.2. Використання розроблених нами критеріїв обмеження життєдіяльності дозволить підвищити якість медико-соціальної експертизи хворих, які перенесли інсульт, а подальші дослідження оптимізувати нові підходи до реабілітації цієї категорії хворих та адаптації в суспільстві.
МОНІТОРИНГ ОСНОВНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ᾽Я УКРАЇНИ У 2017 р.
Authors: Zakrutko L. I. , Bilan L. G. , Ilnitskaya L. V. , Novgorodskaya L. M. , Myslytskyi O. V.
Published: July 2018

Мета: провести моніторинг основних засобів інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України у 2017 р.Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано основні засоби інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України, розроблені у 2017 р. Застосовано методи експертної оцінки, статистичного, системного, структурно-логічного та кластерного аналізу.Результати. Ретроспективний аналіз основних засобів інноваційного забезпечення у сфері охорони здоров’я України у 2017 р. показав, що за даний період найбільше було розроблено методичних рекомендацій та інформаційних листів установами МОЗ України – 83,74 % та 80,95 % відповідно. Установи-розробники найбільшу увагу приділяли проблемам «Фармакологія. Фармація. Клінічна фармакологія і клінічна фармація. Організація і управління фармацією» та «Стоматологія». За вказаний період науковцями було запропоновано найменшу кількість як методичних рекомендацій, так й інформаційних листів за медичними напрямами «Медична генетика», «Судова медицина» та «Урологія».Висновки. Для підвищення рівня здоров᾽я населення та покращення якості його медичного обслуговування необхідно розробляти більше засобів наукової комунікації з подальшим їх впровадженням у практичну діяльність закладів охорони здоров᾽я.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ТА ПРИРОДНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ В УКРАЇНІ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Pazynych L. M. , Sytenko O. R. , Smirnova T. M.
Published: July 2018

Мета: висвітлити деякі питання надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру на основі вивчення літературних джерел.Матеріали і методи. Застосовано бібліосемантичний та аналітичний методи.Результати. Значне антропогенне і техногенне навантаження території України, зростання ризиків виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру, загострення стану гідротехнічних споруд, з одного боку, та відсутність загальноприйнятих поглядів щодо цільових, функціональних, організаційних та інших складових механізмів державного управління у галузі медичного захисту за умов надзвичайних ситуацій техногенного та природного характеру, а саме подолання медико-санітарних наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій, збереження життя і здоров’я людей – з іншого зумовлює необхідність науково-теоретичного обґрунтування й розробки Програми їх подолання та попередження.Висновки. Забезпечення сталого соціально-економічного розвитку України має супроводжуватися формуванням безпечного для суспільства і кожної людини стану життєвого довкілля, забезпеченням сучасної системи безпеки, яка би ґрунтувалася на принципах міжнародного права, та координувалась Програмою реагування галузі охорони здоров’я на надзвичайні ситуації.
Megakaryocytic Leukemia 1 Bridges Epigenetic Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Macrophages to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yu Liming , Yang Guang , Zhang Xinjian , Wang Peng , Weng Xinyu , Yang Yuyu , Li Zilong , Fang Mingming , Xu Yong , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo
Published: July 2018

Background:

Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzed by the NADPH oxidases (NOX), is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The underlying epigenetic mechanism remains elusive.

Methods:

We evaluated the potential role of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), as a bridge linking epigenetic activation of NOX to ROS production and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Results:

Following IR injury, MKL1-deficient (knockout) mice exhibited smaller myocardial infarction along with improved heart function compared with wild-type littermates. Similarly, pharmaceutical inhibition of MKL1 with CCG-1423 also attenuated myocardial infarction and improved heart function in mice. Amelioration of IR injury as a result of MKL1 deletion or inhibition was accompanied by reduced ROS in vivo and in vitro. In response to IR, MKL1 levels were specifically elevated in macrophages, but not in cardiomyocytes, in the heart. Of note, macrophage-specific deletion (MϕcKO), instead of cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation (CMcKO), of MKL1 in mice led to similar improvements of infarct size, heart function, and myocardial ROS generation. Reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that MKL1 directly bound to the promoters of NOX genes to activate NOX transcription. Mechanistically, MKL1 recruited the histone acetyltransferase MOF (male absent on the first) to modify the chromatin structure surrounding the NOX promoters. Knockdown of MOF in macrophages blocked hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced NOX transactivation and ROS accumulation. Of importance, pharmaceutical inhibition of MOF with MG149 significantly downregulated NOX1/NOX4 expression, dampened ROS production, and normalized myocardial function in mice exposed to IR injury. Finally, administration of a specific NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 dampened ROS generation and rescued heart function after IR in mice.

Conclusions:

Our data delineate an MKL1-MOF-NOX axis in macrophages that contributes to IR injury, and as such we have provided novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Improving Delivery of Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Heart Disease in a High‐Burden Setting: Outcome of a Stepped‐Wedge, Community, Randomized Trial
Authors: Ralph Anna P. , de Dassel Jessica L. , Kirby Adrienne , Read Clancy , Mitchell Alison G. , Maguire Graeme P. , Currie Bart J. , Bailie Ross S. , Johnston Vanessa , Carapetis Jonathan R.
Published: July 2018

Background

Health system strengthening is needed to improve delivery of secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic heart disease.

Methods and Results

We undertook a stepped‐wedge, randomized trial in northern Australia. Five pairs of Indigenous community clinics entered the study at 3‐month steps. Study phases comprised a 12 month baseline phase, 3 month transition phase, 12 month intensive phase and a 3‐ to 12‐month maintenance phase. Clinics received a multicomponent intervention supporting activities to improve penicillin delivery, aligned with the chronic care model, with continuous quality‐improvement feedback on adherence. The primary outcome was the proportion receiving ≥80% of scheduled penicillin injections. Secondary outcomes included “days at risk” of acute rheumatic fever recurrence related to late penicillin and
acute rheumatic fever
recurrence rates. Overall, 304 patients requiring prophylaxis were eligible. The proportion receiving ≥80% of scheduled injections during baseline was 141 of 304 (46%)—higher than anticipated. No effect attributable to the study was evident: in the intensive phase, 126 of 304 (41%) received ≥80% of scheduled injections (odds ratio compared with baseline: 0.78; 95% confidence interval
,
0.54–1.11). There was modest improvement in the maintenance phase among high‐adhering patients (43% received ≥90% of injections versus 30% [baseline] and 28% [intensive],
P
<0.001). Also, the proportion of days at risk in the whole cohort decreased in the maintenance phase (0.28 versus 0.32 [baseline] and 0.34 [intensive],
P
=0.001). A
cute rheumatic fever
recurrence rates did not differ between study sites during the intensive phase and the whole jurisdiction (3.0 versus 3.5 recurrences per 100 patient‐years,
P
=0.65).

Conclusions

This strategy did not improve adherence to
rheumatic heart disease
secondary prophylaxis within the study time frame. Longer term primary care strengthening strategies are needed.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier:
ACTRN
12613000223730.
Enclosure is Back!
Authors: Warwick Harry
Published: July 2018

Peter Linebaugh’sStop, Thief!aims to ‘join the alarm against neoliberalism’ by invoking the bloody history of enclosure. The essays collected in this book range in their focus from Karl Marx’s intellectual formation, to the history of the Luddites, to the privatisation of Mexicanejidos. Linebaugh’s idiosyncratic style, resisting abstraction and high theory, inscribes the nuances of the class struggle into the context of the commons. It effectively makes the case for a renewed focus on enclosure today.
Peliosanthes longicoronata (Asparagaceae), a new species from central Vietnam
Authors: VISLOBOKOV NIKOLAY A. , TANAKA NORIYUKI , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , KUZMICHEVA EVGENIYA A. , ROMANOV MIKHAIL S.
Published: July 2018

Peliosanthes longicoronata is described and illustrated as a new species from central Vietnam (Ha Tinh Province, Vu Quang National Park). The new species has comparatively long staminal corona, that is mentioned in the specific epithet. The new species resembles P. teta, but differs in its solitary, upward-facing flowers and a white, tubular, distally incurved staminal corona.
Description of Neoxantholinus koghianus sp. n. and its larva from New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholinini)
Authors: BORDONI ARNALDO , STANIEC BERNARD
Published: July 2018

Neoxantholinus koghianus sp. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and the detailed external structure of its late (L2-3) and early (L1) larval instars from New Caledonia are described and illustrated. The morphological differences between L1 and L2-3 of N. koghianus sp. n. involve four characters. Diagnostic larval characters for the genus Neoxantholinus are given for the first time.
The taxonomic status of Myotis aelleni Baud, 1979 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Authors: NOVAES ROBERTO LEONAN M. , WILSON DON E. , RUEDI MANUEL , MORATELLI RICARDO
Published: July 2018

Myotis aelleni Baud, 1979 was described based on a large series from Chubut, Argentina, and is known only from the type locality and Río Negro, also in Argentina. According to the original description, M. aelleni is closest morphologically to M. chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1840), but can be distinguished based on the tricolored dorsal hairs and skull size and shape. The taxonomic status of M. aelleni has been questioned but the species is still treated as valid. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of the type series of M. aelleni, and series of M. chiloensis, including the neotype, we recognize M. aelleni as a junior synonym of M. chiloensis. M. aelleni and M. chiloensis have bicolor dorsal hairs and cannot be distinguished on the basis of the skull size and shape. After synonymy, M. chiloensis occur from Central Chile and western Argentina to central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego archipelago. Twenty-one species of Myotis occur in South America, including Trinidad and Tobago.
Description of the female of Colocharis hungi Torréns (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae) and identification key for the species of Colocharis
Authors: SCHOENINGER KARINE , SILVA THIAGO S. R. , KAWADA RICARDO , TORRENS JAVIER
Published: July 2018

The female of Colocharis hungi Torréns (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) is newly described, detailing the characters that distinguish this species. In addition, we provide images and comments for C. hungi, diagnoses for all species of Colocharis Heraty, a key to species, and a distribution map for the species.
New species of Acanthocinini Blanchard, 1845 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Rondônia state, Brazil and notes on some genera
Authors: NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. DE L. , HEFFERN DANIEL
Published: July 2018

Three new species of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from Rondônia State, Brazil, are described and illustrated: Leptostylus obrienorum, Nyssodrysina maculosa and Urgleptes curvatum. We also present a brief generic discussion about these genera.
Deep Ultraviolet Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Trace Explosives
Authors: Zrimsek Alyssa B. , Bykov Sergei V. , Asher Sanford A.
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate deep ultraviolet (UV) photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) of trace explosives using a sensitive microphone at meter standoff distances. We directly detect 10 µg/cm2 of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and ammonium nitrate (AN) with 1 s accumulations from a 3 m standoff distance. Large PAS signals for standoff detection are achieved by exciting into the absorption bands of the explosives with a 213 nm laser. We also investigate the impact of the deep UV photochemistry of AN on the PAS signal strength and stability. We find that production of gaseous species during photolysis of AN enhances the PAS signal strength. This deep UV photochemistry can, however, limit the PAS signal lifetimes when detecting trace quantities.
Psychological Interventions Promoting Resilience Among Transgender Individuals: Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM)
Authors: Matsuno Emmie , Israel Tania
Published: July 2018

Transgender people experience disproportionately high mental and physical health risks. Minority stress theory identifies distal and proximal stressors that contribute to negative mental health outcomes for transgender people, and suggests that resilience factors can buffer the negative influence of these stressors. In this article, we aim to synthesize the psychological literature on resilience strategies among transgender people and position it within the minority stress framework and introduce an adapted model called the transgender resilience intervention model (TRIM). The TRIM suggests that social support, community belonging, family acceptance, participating in activism, having positive role models, and being a positive role model are group-level resilience factors. Self-worth, self-acceptance and/or pride, self-definition, hope, and transition are individual-level factors that promote resilience. Community, group, and individual interventions and their potential influence on resilience are discussed. The model calls for the development of additional interventions aimed at increasing resilience for transgender people.
Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on Driver Behavior at Passive Rail Level Crossings
Authors: Larue Grégoire S. , Wullems Christian , Sheldrake Michelle , Rakotonirainy Andry
Published: July 2018

Objective:

The behavioral validation of an advanced driving simulator for its use in evaluating passive level crossing countermeasures was performed for stopping compliance and speed profile.

Background:

Despite the fact that most research on emerging interventions for improving level crossing safety is conducted in a driving simulator, no study has validated the use of a simulator for this type of research.

Method:

We monitored driver behavior at a selected passive level crossing in the Brisbane region in Australia for 3 months ( N = 916). The level crossing was then replicated in an advanced driving simulator, and we familiarized participant drivers ( N = 54) with traversing this crossing, characterized by low road and rail traffic.

Results:

We established relative validity for the stopping compliance and the approach speed.

Conclusion:

This validation study suggests that driving simulators are an appropriate tool to study the effects of interventions at passive level crossing with low road and rail traffic, which are prone to reduced compliance due to familiarity.

Application:

This study also provides support for the findings of previous driving simulator studies conducted to evaluate compliance and approach speeds of passive level crossings.
Introduction to a Special Issue on the Impact of Immigrant Legalization Initiatives: International Perspectives on Immigration and the World of Work
Authors: Cook Maria Lorena , Gleeson Shannon , Griffith Kati L. , Kahn Lawrence M.
Published: July 2018

This article is the third in a series to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the ILR Review. The series features articles that analyze the state of research and future directions for important themes the journal has featured over its many years of publication. In this issue, we also feature a special cluster of articles and book reviews on one of the most critical labor market issues across the globe—the legalization and integration of immigrants into national labor markets.

Despite the urgent need for immigration reform in the United States, there is a paucity of US research that looks at the impact of a shift from unauthorized to legal immigrant status in the workplace. The US immigration literature has also paid little attention to immigrant legalization policies outside of the United States, despite the fact that other countries have implemented such policies with far more regularity. The articles in this special issue draw on studies of legalization initiatives in major immigrant destinations: Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Together they underscore the importance of cross-national perspectives for understanding the range of legalization programs and their impact on immigrant workers, the workplace, and the labor market. These findings contribute to key questions in migration scholarship and inform the global policy debate surrounding the integration and well-being of immigrants.
Computational development of a practical educational tool for state estimation of power systems using the MATLAB optimization toolbox
Authors: Zamora-Cárdenas EA , Pizano-Martínez A , Lozano-García JM , Gutiérrez-Martínez VJ , Cisneros-Magaña R
Published: July 2018

State estimation is one of the most important processes to perform a reliable monitoring and control of the steady-state operating condition of modern electric power systems; thus, it is currently a fundamental part in the development of research to enhance the monitoring and security of the smart grids operation. This important topic is taught in advanced courses of operation and control of power systems, for graduate and undergraduate power engineering students. However, the most used software packages for simulation and analysis of power systems by researchers, students, and educators have put little attention on the state estimation module. Due to this fact, this paper proposes an approach to develop the computational implementation of a practical educational tool for state estimation of electric power systems using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. In this proposal, the formulation of the state estimation problem consists of developing a general digital code to implement an objective function based on the weighted least squares method. While the lsqnonlin function of the MATLAB optimization toolbox solves the formulated state estimation problem. Simplifying both research and educational processes, this tool helps graduate and undergraduate students to improve learning, understanding, and the times of implementation and development of research in state estimation. Simulations of an equivalent model of the Mexican interconnected power system consisting of 190 buses and 46 machines are used to test and validate the proposal performance.
Analysis of damage outcome in the strength of polymer composite materials
Authors: Silva Pedro , Matos João E , Durão Luís MP
Published: July 2018

The specific characteristics of composite materials, like carbon fibre-reinforced plastics, have been leading to their rising importance and widespread use. As these parts are normally produced in a near-net shape, secondary operations, like drilling, are necessary prior to their assembly in complex structures. It is still difficult to define a machining process that enables free-damage holes, due to the peculiar laminar nature of these materials. So, the definition of a drilling process that minimizes delamination and increases reliability in produced parts is combined with satisfactory cost and productivity is still of major importance in the composites manufacturing industry. In this paper, two sets of unidirectional coupons from plates with carbon fibre as reinforcement and epoxy resin as matrix are drilled using five different drilling tool strategies and two feed rates for uneven damage extension. One of the strategies is the use of a pre-drilling option. Then the delamination is assessed using enhanced radiography and, finally, three diverse mechanical tests are performed on the resulting coupons: three-point bending, four-point bending and pin bearing. The results allowed establishing and modelling, with the help of statistical tools, the relations between the damaged area caused by drilling and the material’s mechanical resistance. The three-point bending resistance does not vary greatly with the damage area. On the other hand, the bearing resistance and the four-point bending resistance decrease with the increase of the damaged area.
A vibration-based identification of elastic properties of stitched sandwich panels
Authors: Li Nan , Ben Tahar Mabrouk , Aboura Zoheir , Khellil Kamel
Published: July 2018

Stitched sandwich becomes popular in structural application owing to its better performance in the transverse direction with respect to classical sandwich structure and relatively low-cost additional stitching process. The identification of its elastic properties is essential for offering a tailored structure for specific applications. A non-destructive identification method based on vibration test is proposed to obtain these parameters. The number of parameters is firstly reduced by a sensibility analysis. The retained parameters are identified by minimizing the cost function which indicates the gap between measured frequencies from vibration test and calculated frequencies from a finite element model. This method is applied to a stitched sandwich panel and its elastic properties are successfully identified.
Culture Change in Nursing Homes: What Is the Role of Nursing Home Resources?
Authors: Chisholm Latarsha , Zhang Ning J. , Hyer Kathryn , Pradhan Rohit , Unruh Lynn , Lin Feng-Chang
Published: July 2018

Quality of care has been a long-standing issue in US nursing homes. The culture change movement attempts to transition nursing homes from health care institutions to person-centered homes. While the adoption of culture change has been spreading across nursing homes, barriers to adoption persist. Nursing homes that disproportionately serve minority residents may have additional challenges implementing culture change compared with other facilities due to limited financial and staffing resources. The objective of this study was to examine how nursing home characteristics are associated with culture change adoption in Central Florida nursing homes. This cross-sectional study included 81 directors of nursing (DONs) who completed the Artifacts of Culture Change survey. In addition, nursing home organizational data were obtained from the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports (CASPER). A logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between high culture change adoption and nursing home characteristics. The overall adoption of culture change scores in Central Florida nursing homes was low. Nevertheless, there was variability across nursing homes in the adoption of culture change. High culture change adoption was associated with nursing homes having lower proportions of Medicaid residents.
Ultrasonographic assessment of ophthalmic diseases in low-income countries
Authors: Pujari Amar , Swamy Deepa R , Singh Rashmi , Mukhija Ritika , Chawla Rohan , Kumar Atul
Published: July 2018

We undertook a study between December 2016 and February 2017 on 1637 of 2101 patients with clearly documented findings. These underwent ocular B-scan ultrasonography (USG). Their ages were in the range of 10 days to 92 years; among these patients, 921 (56.26%) were male and 224 (13.68%) were children. Among the adults, 669 (40.86%) patients had anterior segment and 636 (38.85%) had posterior segment pathology. In addition, there were 108 (6.59%) with orbital pathology. Our experience is that USG is an effective, quick, low-cost and non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of various ocular and orbital conditions in high patient volume centres (including children and adults) especially where resources are limited.