bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor market policies and European crises
Authors: Bertola Giuseppe
Published: March 2014

This paper studies theoretically and empirically why and how labor policies may reduce productivity and employment in order to stabilize labor incomes and redistribute resources. It proposes a specific stylized model where the tradeoffs facing labor policies are influenced by structural factors, inspects the empirical relevance of this mechanism in European data, and outlines the proposed theoretical perspective’s implications for reform design in crisis-hit economies.

JEL codes

D78; J38
Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 is a novel inhibitory receptor for surfactant protein D
Authors: Olde Nordkamp Marloes J M , van Eijk Martin , Urbanus Rolf T , Bont Louis , Haagsman Henk P , Meyaard Linde
Published: March 2014

The collagenous C-type lectin, SP-D, is a multitrimeric glycoprotein present at mucosal surfaces and is involved in host defense against infections in mammals. SP-D has immunomodulatory properties, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. SP-D contains collagen domains. LAIR-1 is an inhibitory immune receptor at the cell surface of various immune-competent cells that binds collagen. We hypothesized that the immunomodulatory functions of SP-D can be mediated via interactions between its collagen domain and LAIR-1. Binding assays show that SP-D interacts via its collagenous domain with LAIR-1 and the related LAIR-2. This does not affect the mannan-binding capacities of SP-D, which induces cross-linking of LAIR-1 in a cellular reporter assay. Functional assays show that SP-D inhibits the production of FcαR-mediated reactive oxygen via LAIR-1. Our studies indicate that SP-D is a functional ligand of the immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1. Thus, we have identified a novel pathway for the immunomodulatory functions of SP-D mediated via binding of its collagenous domains to LAIR-1. This may provide a mechanism for the unexplained immunomodulatory function of the collagenous domains of SP-D.
Sustained Alterations of Hypothalamic Tanycytes During Posttraumatic Hypopituitarism in Male Mice
Authors: Osterstock Guillaume , El Yandouzi Taoufik , Romanò Nicola , Carmignac Danielle , Langlet Fanny , Coutry Nathalie , Guillou Anne , Schaeffer Marie , Chauvet Norbert , Vanacker Charlotte , Galibert Evelyne , Dehouck Bénédicte , Robinson Iain C. A. F. , Prévot Vincent , Mollard Patrice , Plesnila Nikolaus , Méry Pierre-François
Published: March 2014

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of hypopituitarism, which compromises patients' recovery, quality of life, and life span. To date, there are no means other than standardized animal studies to provide insights into the mechanisms of posttraumatic hypopituitarism. We have found that GH levels were impaired after inducing a controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. Furthermore, GHRH stimulation enhanced GH to lower level in injured than in control or sham mice. Because many characteristics were unchanged in the pituitary glands of CCI mice, we looked for changes at the hypothalamic level. Hypertrophied astrocytes were seen both within the arcuate nucleus and the median eminence, two pivotal structures of the GH axis, spatially remote to the injury site. In the arcuate nucleus, GHRH neurons were unaltered. In the median eminence, injured mice exhibited unexpected alterations. First, the distributions of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 between tanycytes were disorganized, suggesting tight junction disruptions. Second, endogenous IgG was increased in the vicinity of the third ventricle, suggesting abnormal barrier properties after CCI. Third, intracerebroventricular injection of a fluorescent-dextran derivative highly stained the hypothalamic parenchyma only after CCI, demonstrating an increased permeability of the third ventricle edges. This alteration of the third ventricle might jeopardize the communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. In conclusion, the phenotype of CCI mice had similarities to the posttraumatic hypopituitarism seen in humans with intact pituitary gland and pituitary stalk. It is the first report of a pathological status in which tanycyte dysfunctions appear as a major acquired syndrome.
Modeling metabolic homeostasis and nutrient sensing in Drosophila: implications for aging and metabolic diseases
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Edward , Perrimon Norbert
Published: March 2014

Over the past decade, numerous reports have underscored the similarities between the metabolism of Drosophila and vertebrates, with the identification of evolutionarily conserved enzymes and analogous organs that regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is now well established that the major metabolic, energy-sensing and endocrine signaling networks of vertebrate systems are also conserved in flies. Accordingly, studies in Drosophila are beginning to unravel how perturbed energy balance impinges on lifespan and on the ensuing diseases when energy homeostasis goes awry. Here, we highlight several emerging concepts that are at the nexus between obesity, nutrient sensing, metabolic homeostasis and aging. Specifically, we summarize the endocrine mechanisms that regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and provide an overview of the neuropeptides that regulate feeding behavior. We further describe the various efforts at modeling the effects of high-fat or -sugar diets in Drosophila and the signaling mechanisms involved in integrating organ function. Finally, we draw attention to some of the cardinal discoveries made with these disease models and how these could spur new research questions in vertebrate systems.
Selectivity of Old and New Insecticides and Behaviour of Vespidae Predators in Coffee Crop
Authors: Fernandes Flavio Lemes , Silva Paulo Roberto da , Gorri Jessica Emiliane Rodrigues , Pucci Laís Franchini , Silva Ítalo Willian da
Published: March 2014

Organophosphates are old agrochemicals that are toxic for wasps (Vespidae) that are predators of insect pests. However, chlorantraniliprole is the first insecticide produced from the new anthranilic diamide class, which binds to ryanodine receptor modulators. This study uses chlorpyrifos, triazophos, pyridaphenthion and new chlorantraniliprole insecticides that have not yet been extensively tested for effects on non-target organisms. Adults of the predatory wasps were exposed to concentrations of organophosphate inseticides and the most toxic was used for a behavior test. The trial area, located in the Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, received two treatments: with insecticide and without insecticide. Chlorpyrifos, the most toxic insecticide, was used in the dose of 1.5L/ha. In order to evaluate the predation, the number with predation action (injuries made by the wasps) in the leaves were accounted. Behavior activities collect of nine colonies Protonectarina sylveirae, Brachigastra lecheguana, Polybia sp. and Polistes versicolor works were quantified. All colonies were in the adult phase. The colonies were observed by 12h, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The number of wasps that leaved and returned to the nest, type of sources collected (glucidic foods, prey larvae, matherial for construction of the nest). The most toxic insecticide was chlorpyrifos and the most selective was chlorantraniliprole. The species and frequencies of wasps predator were: P. sylveirae (71.50%), B. lecheguana (12.00%), Polybia sp. (7.00%) and P. versicolor (1.00%). Chlor-pyrifos presented not selective and changes in the behavior to the predatory wasps.
Radiocarbon Dating, Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Brown Jerry
Published: March 2014

Lists in tabular form the radiocarbon dates of 28 samples of organic materials taken from the Barrow peninsula and spit (Pleistocene Gubik formation); 26 consist of peat, driftwood, etc, and two are artifacts. From these a detailed geomorphic and cryopedological chronology of the area is attempted. The highly polygonized tundra areas are judged to be less than 8300 yr old. Much of the older peat has been reworked. The artifacts are from the second millenium AD. A correction is made in Arctic, v 18, no 2, p 122.
Ice Drilling in Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3) with a Portable Mechanical Drill
Authors: Buck Beaumont M.
Published: March 2014

Reports an Apr 1964 attempt by General Motors Corp engineers to assess the feasibility of using the Houston Model V-100 portable drilling rig (illus) for drilling through ice islands. When used in its "pressure mode", it proved satisfactory to a depth of 100 ft. A method by which the drill hole can be kept free of ice for subsequent investigations, using diesel oil and an electric heat drill is described.
Joint Canada-U.S. Survey in the Mount Kennedy Region
Authors: Surveys and Mapping Branch Canada.
Published: March 2014

In 1935 a National Geographic Society glaciological expedition working in the St. Elias mountain range near the Alaska-Yukon Territory boundary described an unnamed mountain in the area as "magnificent, a granite peak sheathed in snow and ice on the south and west sides, and on the north and east sides has fantastic rock cliffs." Thirty years later this same peak was officially named Mount Kennedy in honour of the late President John F. Kennedy. A surge of activity in the area followed immediately. Senator Robert Kennedy climbed the mountain, an expedition sponsored by the National Geographic Society is engaged in producing a large scale map of the mountain and its environs, and a joint U.S.-Canadian party has just completed a survey through the area which will determine the precise geographic position of the mountain's summit and its elevation. The survey party was composed of six men from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and two men from the Surveys and Mapping Branch of the Canadian Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. The main purpose of the work was to connect existing surveys along the Alaska Highway with similar surveys along the Alaskan coast. The work will strengthen the control surveys throughout the area and provide new control points for mapping. The decision to include Mount Kennedy in the survey, while adding a touch of glamour to the operation, greatly increased the difficulties. The survey itself consists of five main stations, connected by traverse, with auxiliary points established at alternate stations to provide additional checks on field measurements. The lengths of the four traverse courses varied from eight to thirty-nine miles; the distances were measured by electronic distance measuring equipment, and the angles were measured with precise theodolites using signal lights and heliotropes for targets. ...
Alaskan Temperature Fluctuations and Trends: An Analysis of Recorded Data
Authors: Hamilton Thomas D.
Published: March 2014

Relates recorded temperature data for Alaska to documented trends of annual world mean temperature, which show a warming trend from 1880 to 1940 followed by cooling (graphed). The records of the 20 Alaskan stations are described in detail and their reliability assessed. The state is divided into five regions, and the trends analyzed exhaustively by region, a composite mean being constructed for the state. Distinction is made between trend and fluctuation, utilizing 4 and 8 yr running means and 3 and 5 yr weighted means (8 yr means graphed). Fluctuation extremes at 7 yr intervals until 1948 are identified, with minor fluctuations subsequently. All regions show a pronounced warm maximum around 1940 with the interior region showing an unusually great warming 1910-1935 (approx 3 F). The 8 yr running means for the Alaska composite 1870-1960 (graphed) shows a close relationship to the world temperature trends for the same period, the warm peak occurring in 1941. The limited precipitation and freeze-thaw data available do not appear to correlate directly with temperature trends.
Effects of the 1964 Alaskan Earthquake on Glaciers and Related Features
Authors: Ragle R.H. , Sater J.E. , Field W.O.
Published: March 2014

Describes an aerial photographic reconnaissance in Apr and Sept 1964 of the approx 30,000 sq mi area most seriously affected by the Mar 27 earthquake to assess the extent to which glacial features had been modified. Little change was apparent in glacial basins, lakes or tidewater calving, much less than after the 1899 and 1958 earthquakes of comparable violence. Some rock slides on to glaciers were impressive. The effects are related to the Tarr and Martin (No 17449) theory of earthquake avalanche supply, but it may be several years before evidence to test the applicability of the theory to the 1964 earthquake is apparent. 25 air photos with detailed descriptive notes illus the features described. Condensed version of the text was pub in Arctic 1965. v 18, no 2, p. 135-37.
Observations on Arctic and Subarctic Health
Authors: Albrecht, M.D. C. Earl
Published: March 2014

Comments on the problems of public health in northern regions of Canada and Alaska, particularly emphasizing the difficulties due to permafrost, poor sanitation and inadequate housing. The principal diseases affecting the native population are discussed, including typhoid, tuberculosis, parasitism and epidemics. The serious problem of accidents is mentioned (55% of all deaths over one yr in the Yukon). Statistics indicating rapid improvements in public health, particularly through control of tuberculosis, are given. The role of government and private organizations and future plans for increasing control of environment are discussed.
Ice-Push Ramparts in the George River Basin, Labrador-Ungava
Authors: Peterson James A.
Published: March 2014

Reports field work on ice-push ramparts in the Whitegull Lake area of Quebec Province (55 30 N, 64 15 W). Modes of formation of ramparts during the partial open water season are reviewed and examples illus. Raised shorelines described by Low (No 10377) are re-interpreted as possible ice-push ramparts. Comparison of the Labrador Peninsula lakes with proglacial lakes in Baffin Island may assist interpretation of these features.
Access to Meighen Island, N.W.T.
Authors: MacKay D.K. , Arnold K.C.
Published: March 2014

Discusses the problem of access by light aircraft to the Polar Continental Shelf Project's icecap station on Meighen from Isachsen on Ellef Ringnes Island. Data are tabulated to show the incidence of poor visibility and other hazards at Meighen Island, and a calculation of probability indices for successful round-trip flights in different months and conditions is attempted. Warning is given that these low figures indicate that planning of work on Meighen should allow ample margin of time to cover delays due to unsuitable flying conditions.
Profitable Exchanges and Contacts Between U.S.S.R. and Canada
Authors: Golubev Lev
Published: March 2014

Describes the visit in 1965 by a Canadian party under A. Laing, Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources; its itinerary included research institutions in Moscow and Leningrad, the Bratsk hydropower station, also Yakutsk and Noril'sk where the permafrost station construction projects were viewed. The Russian party under A. Slivinskii, Vice-Chairman of the State Building Committee subsequently visited Canada, going to Hay River, Inuvik, and other northern points of interest. Exchange of permafrost and building specialists is planned.
Marine Platform of Probable Sangamon Age, and Associated Terrace Deposits, Cape Thompson Area, Northwestern Alaska
Authors: Sainsbury C.L. , Kachadoorian Reuben , Campbell R.H. , Scholl D.W.
Published: March 2014

Reports geomorphic studies, as part of the US Atomic Energy Commission's investigations in this area 1958-1962. A coastal terrace, observed and measured along a 20-mi section crossing Ogotoruk Creek, is described and its origin, age, and morphology discussed. The feature is complex, consisting of a marine platform planed across bedrock, overlying marine and beach deposits, and a depositional upper surface of nonmarine sediments which coincides in area and configuration with the platform, possibly as a result of factors unique to polar areas. The marine platform and gravels record the last high stand of sea level, 28-40 ft above the present, which occurred about 38,000 yr ago. Other evidence in the area indicates still higher seas in earlier times.
Polar Exploration with Nimbus Meteorological Satellite
Authors: Popham R.W. , Samuelson R.E.
Published: March 2014

Discusses the use of photographs from spacecraft to determine various kinds of features, based on experiences with Nimbus I during Aug-Sept 1964. Advanced Vidicon Camera System photographs of sea and glacier ice in Canada, Greenland, and the Antarctic are shown; and the nature and quality of data yielded are considered. The striking pattern of sunlight and shadows resulting from low sun angle near the poles is noted, also a method for estimating heights of peaks, glacier slopes, etc from length of the shadows. Surface temperatures and snow and ice emissivities in the Antarctic were determined from High Resolution Infra-Red photographs.
Relationship of White Spruce to Lenses of Perennially Frozen Ground, Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska
Authors: Viereck Leslie A.
Published: March 2014

Reports investigations of perennially frozen mounds beneath individual trees growing in silty clay on a terrace of the McKinley River. Climate, vegetation and parent material of the spruce stand are described. The mounds, 2-4 m in diam, contain a frozen lens-shaped core. The permafrost results from lower temperatures under the trees due to less snow cover and a thicker moss layer. A proposed cycle of development and collapse of the tree mounds is outlined.
Icefield Ranges Research Project [1965]
Authors: Ragle Richard H.
Published: March 2014

The Icefield Ranges Research Project (IRRP) began its fifth research season 5 May 1965 when those people who were studying meteorology and climatology arrived in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, for a two-day briefing under the direction of Mr. H. Wahl, Chief Forecaster for the Department of Transport weather station. Personnel involved in other research continued to Kluane Lake to open the base station and to begin checking and calibrating equipment and instruments. Kluane Station (870 m.) was fully operational by 10 May. The Kaskawulsh and Divide Stations (1730 m. and 2640 m.) were in operation by, respectively, 14 and 28 May. Seward Station (1850 m.) was opened 8 July for a three week intensive micro-meteorological study. Kaskawulsh terminus camp and three other satellite camps also were occupied during part of the summer. Personnel departed from Kluane Lake by Institute bus, carryall, and aircraft on 20 August. In the course of the 15-week research season there were 14 programs involving 47 people. Research included studies in glaciology, glacial hydrology, geophysics, dielectric measurements in snow and radio wave propagation, climatology and meteorology, geomorphology and glacial chronology, stream morphology, plant and animal ecology, and aerial photography and mapping. To support the field parties, over 300 hours were flown by the Arctic Institute's Helio Courier aircraft and over 300 landings were made on glaciers and unprepared surfaces. Among the members of the summer program were three Doctorate and three Master's degree candidates. IRRP was amplified in 1965 by a National Science Foundation program of Research Participation for College Teachers. Six teachers took part in a 10-week program in which they were given an opportunity to observe and assist in a number of activities within the broadest boundaries of their chosen field of science. As a consequence, three teacher participants have been awarded Academic Year Extension grants by the National Science Foundation to continue research in the St. Elias Mountains during 1966 and 1967. A research program in part logistically supported by IRRP and complementary to the IRRP hydrological traverse was undertaken by a five member team of scientists from the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N.H. The project involved snow studies in vertical profile on the north side of Mount Logan to elevations in excess of 5400 m. ...
The Movement of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Coachman L.K. , Barnes C.A.
Published: March 2014

Re-evaluates sixty years' oceanographic data from the Arctic Ocean, examining nearly 300 deep-water stations, and using the "core-layer" method of Wust to interpret the movement of the Atlantic layer. Stations are grouped in 16 areas and the average curve for each group plotted on a temperature-salinity diagram. Temperature and salinity changes which take place in the Atlantic water while and entity in the Arctic Basin are graphed. The temperature maximum is reduced by about 3.5 C, and the salinity at max. temperature is reduced by about 0.2 %. Superimposed on the T-S relationship is an arbitrary scale indicating percentage retention of the original characteristics. The velocity of the Atlantic layer is found (from current velocity, eddy coefficients and station data) to range 1-10 cm/sec and values of Kz (vertical eddy coefficient) generally to range 1-20 sq cm/sec. Percentage retention of characteristics from the T-S diagram is mapped to suggest a relation between the flow of Atlantic water and bathymetry, distance, time, as well as the T-S features. Assuming the velocity along the core to be 3 cm/sec, the constant vertical eddy coefficient to be 10 sq cm/sec, and with other assumptions on temperature distribution, an estimate of 8,000,000 sq cm/sec is obtained for the constant lateral eddy coefficient.
The Annual Emptying of Lake George, Alaska
Authors: Stone Kirk H.
Published: March 2014

Description and partial interpretation of the natural emptying of this ice-dammed lake in south-central Alaska. Regional and site characteristics, the 1951 observations and other emptyings since 1935 are described; and the age of the lake as evidenced by terracettes, willows, alders, and exposed deltas, is considered. When studied July 20, 1951, it was about 2-4 mi wide, 11-12 mi long, 114 ft deep, and dammed by Knik Glacier. In 12 days, the lake water had undercut the glacier ice and escaped, leaving three small, shallow lakes with 42 % less water surface. The drop in level (up to 12 in/hr) was accompanied by the rise of Knik River from 7 to nearly 20 ft depth, and flooding. A trend is noted toward earlier emptying and greater flooding.
Net Radiation Studies in the Schefferville Area
Authors: Davies John A.
Published: March 2014

Describes summer 1961 radiation measurements in northern Quebec - Labrador. The study was made (methods noted) to test a correlation established by Orvig (No. 74547) from data obtained in 1958, viz a correlation coefficient of 0.777 between the mean daytime net flux and the daily total short-wave radiation. The 1961 measurements showed a close similarity to the 1958, as did the correlation coefficient of 0.736; data for the two years are tabulated.
University of Alaska Gulkana Glacier Project, 1962
Authors: Péwé Troy L.
Published: March 2014

Notes studies of glaciology and glacial geology in the central Alaska Range. The re-formation of foliation at the base of the Gulkana and East Gulkana were especially considered. Recent moraines, dated by lichenometry, indicate minor advances in the mid-18th and mid-19th centuries. For the 1960-61 investigations, see No. 74769.
Royal E. Shanks
Authors: North America Arctic Institute Of
Published: March 2014

Royal E. Shanks was born in Ada, Ohio on November 11, 1912. He lost his life on August 4, 1962 while swimming and studying a coral reef in a bay of the Caribbean Sea in Porte Limon, Costa Rica. He completed his M. S. in 1937 and received his Ph.D. degree a year later. From 1940 to 1946 Dr. Shanks held the post of Professor of Biology at Austin Peay State College in Tennessee with brief periods of service in both the Army and Navy. In 1947 he joined the University of Tennessee as an Associate Professor of Botany and became a Professor two years later. In 1955 a concern with environmental aspects of ecosystems led him to propose some fundamental studies in the most simple environments, those of the arctic regions. It was this interest that developed a close relationship and association between Dr. Shanks and the Arctic Institute of North America. From 1955 until the time of his death he received six grants from the Institute for the study of composition, structure, and productivity of tundra vegetation in northern Alaska. During his field studies in Alaska Dr. Shanks covered an extensive area on the northern coast of Alaska extending eastward nearly to the Canadian border and southward to the mountains and forests. Numerous publications have resulted from this research. Not only has Dr. Shanks made a considerable contribution to arctic research, but his ability has been recognized by his election to office in a number of scientific societies. A colleague of Dr. Shanks has said, "his manner was gentle, his activity great, his enthusiasm contagious".
The Devon Island Expedition 1960-64
Authors: Koerner R.M. , Gill A. , Apollonio S. , Greenhouse J.P. , Hyndman R.D.
Published: March 2014

The establishment of the Arctic Institute's Devon Island Base Station and the progress of the research program in 1960 and 1961 were reported in brief summaries and preliminary field reports in Arctic 13:270-71 and 14:252-65, and a review of the research from September 1961 to September 1962 appeared in Arctic 15:317-320. Preliminary field reports for that period are presented here. ...
The Instituto Antarctico Argentino
Authors: LeSchack Leonard A.
Published: March 2014

... In view of the number of organizations annually participating in these expeditions, the Argentine Government decided to establish one central organization to be responsible for the scientific work done by Argentina in the Antarctic. In addition, this organization was to be the common repository for information gathered on previous Argentine expeditions, as well as for that of future endeavours. The Instituto Antartico Argentino was therefore established in Buenos Aires. It is a scientific and technical organization whose mission is to study the nature of the antarctic region. From its inception, it has steadily grown to occupy a prominent position in antarctic affairs and become the leading organization influential in all Argentine antarctic problems. By Presidential Order the organization entitled "Instituto Antartico Argentino 'Coronel Hernan Pujato' " was established on 17 April 1951 under the administration of the Minister of Technical Affairs. The name honored Coronel Hernan Pujato, who commanded the first Argentine Army antarctic expedition. He became the Institute's first Director. With the preparations for the International Geophysical Year underway, the Institute's activities expanded and Captain Rodolfo N. Panzarini, now a retired rear admiral, was named Director. He still retains this position and is the main driving force behind the organization (see Fig. 1). At the time of his nomination, the organization officially took the name "Instituto Antartico Argentino" (I.A.A.). The Institute is an in-house polar organization, containing in one building the entire administrative staff, scientists, technicians, laboratories, shops, and equipment storage facilities necessary to carry out scientific investigations in the Antarctic. There is an advantage in keeping under one roof the majority of persons with an active interest in antarctic work so that they can confer easily with one another, exchange data, and have easy access to a polar library. Such a closely knit organization constitutes a potentially powerful voice in antarctic affairs. This voice perhaps is not as great a consideration in the present thinking of other polar organizations as it is with the Argentines, whose interest in Antarctica, and in particular the Palmer Peninsula area, is very strong. ...
Settlement Types and Community Organization in Northern Canada
Authors: Fried J.
Published: March 2014

Summarizes 1961-1962 field studies of settlements resulting from post-World War II development in the Northwest Territories. On criteria of community planning, function, and social structure, seven settlement types are distinguished: isolated technical, e.g. weather stations; military; outpost service, e.g. Dorset; serviced native enclave, e.g. Akudlik at Churchill; regional administrative; frontier; and mining. Each type is characterized as to social organization and population. Civil servants, as to their reaction to settlement life, as is the white settlers, and aboriginals are noted danger of arrested cultural transition among the aboriginals.
Bird Numbers on Tundra in Baffin Island
Authors: Watson Adam
Published: March 2014

Reports a survey in a mountain valley at 67 N. on eastern Baffin during the 1953 Arctic Institute expedition. Some 389 adult birds of eight species were counted in a square-mile study area in mid-June; density varied with habitat, being greatest on wet grassy and sedgy flats; comparisons are made with three other arctic bird counts. Breeding success, 60 % for passerine birds, was estimated by counting nests and fledged broods in July.
Implications of a Pre-Dorset Lance Head from the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Taylor, Jr. William E.
Published: March 2014

Describes and considers the cultural affinities of an ivory lance head and its presumably associated grey chert end blade from northern Baffin Island. Its pre-Dorset origin is based on similarity to materials collected by Meldgaard (No. 66668) near Igloolik. Comparisons are made with lance and harpoon heads of Dorset age from the Eastern Arctic and specimens from various cultural stages during the first and perhaps second millenium B.C. in Alaska. Consistent occurrence of certain attributes indicates the probability of their being found also in the Denbigh Flint Complex.
Promoting the Decay of Sea-Ice
Authors: Mellor Malcolm
Published: March 2014

Proposes a method for hastening the spring melting by hosing the ice with sea water. This would raise the salinity of the surface from approx. 5 per mil in the Arctic, to 20 or 30 per mil, resulting in increased absorption of solar radiation, greater surface heat, etc., which in turn would weaken the ice. This method, utilizing submersible pumps, should be relatively inexpensive.
An Approach to Polar Research
Authors: Jones T.O.
Published: March 2014

Discusses role of the National Science Foundation in U.S. research in the Arctic and Antarctic. For the latter NSF has fostered a coordinated basic research program. Some features of it and techniques developed might be utilized in a bipolar program on problems of common interest, e.g. conjugate phenomena of the upper atmosphere, international cooperation, etc. Proposals for basic research in the Arctic are welcomed.
Notes on the Shoreline Recession Along the Coast of the Yukon Territory
Authors: Mackay J. Ross
Published: March 2014

The 150-km.-long stretch of the coast between Herschel Island and the Mackenzie Delta terminates in bluffs cut into Pleistocene silts, sands, and gravels. No bedrock has yet been observed; if present, its occurrence must be very local. The coastal bluffs which are up to 50 m. high, are constantly being undermined by waves and by the melting of numerous thick tabular ground-ice sheets lying close to sea-level. As the ice sheets are found only in fine-grained sediments, coastal retreat is especially rapid long silty to clayey bluffs. Similarly rapid recession has taken place along the northern coast of Alaska and from the Mackenzie Delta east to Langton Bay. It is the purpose of this note to describe some of the geomorphological and historical evidence fo recession of the coast of the Yukon Territory. The field observations were made while the writer was carrying out studies for the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa.
A Thermograph for Use in the Arctic
Authors: Adhav R.S.
Published: March 2014

Describes a portable, battery-operated instrument designed to record long-term temperate variation of the permafrost. The four-part unit can operate unattended, on a one-hr/day basis for up to 240 days. Temperatures in four ranges from -25 to +25° C can be recorded at six depths with an accuracy of two percent of the range.
Some Soil-Inhabiting, Freshwater, and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes from the Canadian Arctic and Alaska
Authors: Mulvey Roland H.
Published: March 2014

Lists nematode genera (and the number of species in each) collected on the Canadian Arctic Expedition in 1915-1916, and at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, in 1962. The former collection, identified by N.A. Cobb, but not hitherto reported (cf. No. 2817 pt. F), comprises 22 genera containing 47 species, about half of which are cosmopolitan. The Lake Hazen collection is the first the the High Arctic; it contains at least 30 described and several undescribed genera, comprising 60 or more species. Gen. Plectus is abundant in both collections.
Notes on Lodge Plans in the Lake Indicator Area of South-Central Quebec
Authors: Rogers Edward S.
Published: March 2014

Reports on Cree Indian lodges as observed in an area northeast of Lake Mistassini in 1953. Remains of an earth-covered conical lodge, four house pits, and a log cabin are described, also an occupied cabin. The dwellings span a 50-75 yr. period; their locations in relation to the lake, floor excavation, etc. indicate they were used during the early winter. According to informants, the area was visited at approx. 10-yr intervals, each site occupied once and only one at a time. Transition from earth-covered conical lodges to European-style cabins is noted, also distribution of the conical lodge in the Eastern Canadian Subarctic.
Phytoplankton in Coastal Waters of the Arctic Ocean at Point Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Bursa Adam
Published: March 2014

Reports 1954 investigations of plant plankton with special attention to the quantitative dynamics of different taxonomic groups of flagellates. Samples were taken June 12-Sept. 7 at 25 stations in six ecological niches and cycles: below the ice, meltwater pools, coastal and offshore (to about 10 mi) leads, lagoons and lakes along the shore, inshore waters, sandy and muddy sites. The species found and listed include 90 diatoms, 79 dinoflagellates, 19 minor flagellates, 12 algae, and 18 ciliates. Among them are five new species for which taxonomic description is given, as it is for Amphidiopsis kafoidi Woloszynska, a rare species previously known only from the Baltic.
Notes on Culture Change and Personality Adjustment Among the North Alaska Eskimos
Authors: Chance Norman A.
Published: March 2014

Discusses the effects of rapid transition to western culture, as investigated at Kaktovik on Barter Island since 1958. Due to various factors, noted, this community adjusted to wage labor at a nearby DEW Line radar installation without undue disruption. The effects on individual mental health, as indicated by the Cornell Medical Index questionnaire, were examined in 1960. Results suggest that individuals whose knowledge of white culture was less than their degree of identification with it tended to be more emotionally disturbed than those whose knowledge matched or exceeded their identification. Women showed more symptoms of disturbance than men; other demographic factors (age, education, etc.) had no apparent influence.
Observations of Musk Oxen on Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Maher William J. , Holmes Richard T.
Published: March 2014

Notes summer 1963 observations of Ovibos moschatus. On a reconnaissance flight over the northern third of the island on Aug. 2 nearly sixty were seen, indicating greater abundance than hitherto supposed. Only two were seen south of the reconnaissance area during a two-month period; apparently they concentrate in the northern part at least during the summer.
L.E. Borden
Authors: North America Arctic Institute Of
Published: March 2014

Dr. L. E. Borden, an Associate of the Arctic Institute of long standing, died at Vancouver, B.C., Canada last summer at the age of 86. He was the last surviving member of the first Canadian Arctic Expedition in the Neptune under Capt. A. P. Low, in which he took part as medical officer. He had in his custody documents relating to Capt. Low's taking possession of "the island of Ellesmere land and all the smaller islands adjoining it". This declaration was read in the Canadian House of Commons in 1956, when the question of Canadian sovereignty over the Arctic Archipelago was being debated.
Arctic Ice Island and Ice Shelf Studies: Part I
Authors: Crary A.P.
Published: March 2014

Summarizes some physical characteristics of ice island T-3 and its presumed source, the ice shelf off northern Ellesmere. Investigations since 1952 are described, results tabulated and graphed. The maximum ice thickness of the ice shelf was 60 m and that of T-3, 68 m (averaging 0.905 gm/cm³ in density from the surface to a depth of 16 m). Dust from dirt layers (collecting in small holes) on T-1 and T-3 appears to have originated from a land mass underlain partly by volcanic rock and partly by metamorphic and plutonic types and to have been wind-deposited. Deep cores on T-3 revealed a sequence of dirt layers to 28 m with clear ice below, the composition and grain size the same in all the layers; the heaviest were near the surface (amounting to 114-122 gm/m²) and at depths of 25 and 28 m (80 gm/m²). Four types of ice were observed on Ellesmere ice shelf and on T-3 in 1953 and 1954: iced firn, glacier, lake and sea ice; in 1955 only iced firn and lake ice were identified on the island. Temperatures recorded below the depth of annual change at the ice rise near Ward Hunt Island were -17.7 °C at 12.2 m and -17.3 °C at 18.0 m. Rocks, and plant and animal specimens found on T-3 are examined in relation to the possible origin of the island. Strand cracks at the junction between floating and grounded ice on the Ward Hunt ice shelf are also considered. From SIPRE [Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment].
Salmon Investigations on the Koksoak River, 1957
Authors: Power G.
Published: March 2014

Continuing the investigations that were begun at the George River in 1956, the salmon population of the Koksoak River was examined during the summer of 1957. Sampling was by the use of nylon gill nets placed at various stations along the river and its two major tributaries, the Kaniapiskau and the Larch. A fairly large sample of juvenile salmon was obtained by angling. It was found that probably the majority of the Koksoak salmon travel up the Larch River to spawn. How far they can ascend is not known, but they do so for a minimum of 60 miles and probably can go much farther. Only the lower 20 miles of the Kaniapiskau River are accessible to salmon, beyond this they are stopped by the 60-foot Limestone Falls. On the basis of catches of adult salmon twenty times as many ascend the Larch than the Kaniapiskau; however, since only one salmon was taken in the Kaniapiskau in 30 net nights, this estimate is probably not reliable. The Eskimo salmon fishery at Fort Chimo was observed when it was in full swing and a good sample of the catch was examined. This fishery can hardly be described as intensive and undoubtedly the Eskimo could obtain far more salmon. The major obstacles are (1) the high cost of gear; (2) the difficulties of fishing the Koksoak River at Fort Chimo due to the large size of the stream and the strong tidal currents; (3) the coincidence of the fishing season and the time of seasonal employment in loading and unloading the ships. This occupation is very attractive because the Eskimo can earn $1.40 per hour, whereas fishing does not bring in cash, only a supply of dog food for the winter. ... In addition to collecting, physiological studies on the speckled trout [brook trout] and the Atlantic salmon were continued. These involved measurements of the basal oxygen consumption of these fish under different temperature regimes at different seasons. Results obtained for the speckled trout in previous years suggested that diurnal temperature fluctuations at low temperatures had an exaggerated effect on the oxygen consumption of the fish. To complement the hourly measurements of temperatures made in conjunction with the physiological experiments, a number of continuous recordings were obtained using a thermograph .... The results of these investigations, which were supported by a Banting Fund grant from the Arctic Institute of North America and a grant from the Department of Fisheries, Quebec, will be published in detail later.
Glacial Boulders on the Arctic Coast of Alaska
Authors: McCarthy Gerald R.
Published: March 2014

Reports incidental observations made in the Barrow-Cape Simpson area 1949-50. Pleistocene glaciers of Alaska did not extend north beyond the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, yet glacial boulders have been reported near and along the coast. Altogether 56 such erratic boulders from sheltered spots on the shore, as far as 8-9 mi inland on the tundra and a few from the present sea floor were examined. Their location and size, rock type with field description and petrographic analysis are tabulated. Of granite (16), diabase (17), quartzite (10), etc., they range in weight from 2-3 lbs. to 4-5 tons. They are thought to represent morainic material left by melting icebergs, and the bergs to have been produced from glaciers in widely separated areas.
The Evolution of the Freshwater Races of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) in Eastern North America
Authors: Power G.
Published: March 2014

Information is presented on distribution of landlocked salmon, including the Hamilton, Upper George, Koksoak and Larch Rivers, Knob and other lakes in Quebec-Labrador. Size, weight and growth rate are given on the Ouananiche (landlocked) salmon of Lakes Astray and Aigneau. Theories on the origin and distribution of Atlantic freshwater salmon are discussed; effects of climate and isolation are considered.
Permafrost, Water-Supply, and Engineering Geology of Point Spencer Spit, Seward Peninsula, Alaska
Authors: Black Robert F.
Published: March 2014

Contains results of geologic reconnaissance of the spit, autumn 1945, by author and William P. Brosge, to determine the character of the permafrost and the availability of potable water for use by a construction group and a service group of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The geography, geology, climate, permafrost conditions, engineering, geology and hydrology of the area are treated in turn. Spits like Point Spencer can be classed among the barrier-bars or offshore bars; supply of fresh water in such areas is always limited; permafrost is the factor which permits its preservation in natural or artificial basins, and this must be considered in planning construction.
Naming of Birds as Part of the Intellectual Culture of Indians at Old Crow, Yukon Territory
Authors: Irving Laurence
Published: March 2014

Lists common, scientific and local native names for 103 species of birds found in this area. Recognition and naming of birds was done with great accuracy and completeness by the Kutchin Indian informant, suggesting the ability to be the result of an anciently perfected system of intellectual culture. Comparison with North Alaskan Eskimo bird names disclosed only two of 91 species with the same name, indicating the paucity of intellectual culture exchanges in contrast to the more liberal material cultural exchanges of these neighboring peoples.
The Kayakers of Igdlorssuit
Authors: Drever H.I.
Published: March 2014

... The Greenland kayak, although very manoeuvrable and efficient, is at the same time so absurdly small and frail that to chase a seal in it seems almost an impertinence. The contempt that no doubt the seal must feel on seeing a kayak usually coincides with the swift arrival of a harpoon thrown with unerring accuracy at the base of its neck. But that is not always the end of the hunt; it is sometimes the end of the hunter. Very few families in Igdlorssuit have not lost a father, a brother or a son by drowning during a seal's last frantic fight for its life. ..
Observations on the Physical Properties of Sea-Ice at Hopedale, Labrador
Authors: Weeks Wilford F. , Lee Owen S.
Published: March 2014

Preliminary results are reported of field studies 1955-56 by the U.S. Air Force Cambridge Research Center, the Hydrographic Office and SIPRE on the general physical properties of sea ice; methods of measurement are described. Characteristics of sea water during the freezing period are outlined: formation, structure, and salinity of the initial ice cover, formation and characteristics of infiltrated snow-ice, growth of the ice and influencing factors, density of the ice at various periods, and crack formation are discussed. Data on the salinity of sea ice formed during during wave action and that of sheet-ice, hourly averages of air and ice temperatures at various levels, snow and slush density and thickness, observed slush levels and theoretical water levels are shown. Salinity of ice before and after the slush layer froze, and that of deteriorating ice , salinity of ice vs. ice thickness, thickness of ice versus degree-days, the density of the ice, and measured ice densities vs. theoretical density of air-free sea ice at -15 C are figured and discussed. The orientation of sea ice c-axes and of infiltrated snow-ice c-axes are diagrammed.--From SIPRE.
Prehistory in the Dismal Lake Area, N.W.T., Canada
Authors: Harp, Jr. Elmer
Published: March 2014

Reports on the summer 1955 archeological survey of the Coronation Gulf area. Test diggings at three sites on Dismal Lake (1:a, 1:b, 2) and one at Kamut Lake yielded numerous chipped and flaked stone implements (knives, scrapers, poin.ts, burins, etc.). The large proportion of microlithic artifacts at Dismal-2 and Kamut Lake sites is noted and "the ancestral role of microlithic technology" in the American Arctic stressed. The central position of the Dismal-Kamut Lake complexes and the technological relationship of the microlithic Dismal-2 complex to the western sites of Engigstciak (AB. No. 46551), Anaktuvuk Pass and Cape Denbigh as well as east to the Sarqaq culture of West Greenland, Independence I & II in Pearyland (AB. No. 52343) and the proto-Dorset T-1 site on Southampton Island (AB. No. 44425, 50311) are discussed. Dismal-2 is related in some way to the Dorset culture, it shows traits of all stages from proto- to late Dorset. The ecology of the Dorset culture and its dual land- and sea-oriented economy are dealt with and the musk-ox considered an important game animal in the Dismal Lake area. In the "geographical funnel" of Alaska-northwest Canada, compounds of culture occur, attesting it an area where Old World impulses met, diffused and gave rise to New World complexes including the "Eskimo" traits found in archaic Indian cultures of the east coast from Labrador to Maryland.
Geological Investigations in Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands, 1956
Authors: Thorsteinsson R. , Tozer E.T.
Published: March 2014

Contains account of a Canadian Geological Survey reconnaissance of western Ellesmere and eastern Axel Heiberg Island carried out during Apr.-Sept. 1956. The various journeys from Eureka by dog sled, on foot, and by powered canoe are reported in detail with information on the snow and ice conditions encountered and mention made of an unexpected shore ice condition on the east side of Eureka Sound. Eskimo remains were found on both islands: tent rings, animal traps, sled runners, and a tomb. Wildlife observed is listed in appendix with note of numbers, localities, etc. Geological results are outlined and the previous geologists' work on rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary ages are described. Special emphasis is given to structural features, Tertiary rocks affected by deformation cover a greater area than formerly believed and lie in a belt east of rocks affected by Paleozoic deformation. Thrust faulting, unconformities, and gypsum piercements are considered.