bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro toxicity and control of Meloidogyne incognita in soybean by rosemary extract
Authors: Müller Mônica Anghinoni , Mioranza Thaísa Muriel , Stangarlin José Renato , Kuhn Odair José , Battistus Andre Gustavo , Istchuk Ademar Novais , Fuchs Felipe
Published: March 2016

The control of nematodes in plants can be challenging, and there is a need for alternative, environmentally conscious methods for their management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) on the in vitro toxicity and control of Meloidogyne incognita in CD 206 and CD 215 soybean cultivars. Using an in vitro assay, 500 M. incognita eggs per plate were observed for 15 days after incubation with rosemary extract at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Soybean plants were studied under greenhouse conditions, and starting at V3 stage, were sprayed weekly with the same concentration of rosemary extract for 64 days. Three days after the first treatment, each soybean plant was inoculated with 1800 eggs and 400 second-stage juveniles (J2). At the end of this essay, number of eggs and J2 in the roots and soil, number of galls, and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Our results showed that in the in vitro assay, rosemary extract reduced the number of M. incognita eggs that hatched. Under greenhouse conditions, the CD 206 cultivar showed a 48% reduction in the number of galls, as well as fewer eggs in the soil and a lower RF. Similarly, in the CD 215 cultivar, the number of eggs was reduced and the RF was lower. These results indicate the potential for rosemary extract to control M. incognita in soybean crops.
Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) sous vide: characterization and quality parameters
Authors: Ramos Fabiane De Cássia Pontes , Lourenço Lúcia Fátima Henriques , Joele Maria Regina Sarkis Peixoto , Sousa Consuelo Lúcia de , Ribeiro Suezilde Conceição do Amaral
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological, physical and physico-chemical quality parameters of sous vide preparation of pen-reared tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). To prepare the tambaqui sous vide, 200 g of fillet, 50 g of basil sauce (1:4 fish fillet:sauce ratio) and 10 mL of 5% sodium lactate were used. The product was then vacuum-packaged, pasteurized at 65 ºC for 12.5 min and refrigerated. The presence of Salmonella spp., sulfite-reducing Clostridium and Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the samples analyzed. The coliform count at 45 ºC and coagulase-positive staphylococci were below the limit (103) permitted by the law in vigor. Water retention capacity and chloride content analyses revealed that the tambaqui fillet differed significantly (P<0.05) from the sous vide because of the addition of basil sauce. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of the fillet and sous vide were below the limits established by the law, indicating good quality. The lightness (L*) and yellow color (b*) of the fillet and the sous vide did not differ significantly (P>0.05), but the red color (a*) decreased in the sous vide, which is related to the addition of basil sauce. The chroma (C*) and hue angle (ho) differed significantly (P<0.05), and the fillet samples were lighter in color, whereas the sous vide was characterized by yellow color. The n-6/n-3 ratios found for the fillet and the sous vide are within the recommended values, which is important for human metabolism. The fillet and sous vide also had high calcium, zinc, magnesium and potassium concentrations. It is concluded that tambaqui sous vide is a good source of nutrients, rich in fatty acids and minerals essential for human health.
Efeitos da temperatura e umidade durante o armazenamento semi-hermético sobre parâmetros de avaliação da qualidade dos grãos e do óleo de soja
Authors: Ziegler Valmor , Marini Leornor João , Ferreira Cristiano Dietrich , Bertinetti Ismael Aldrighi , Silva Wagner Schellin Vieira da , Goebel Jorge Tiago , Oliveira Maurício De , Elias Moacir Cardoso
Published: March 2016

A soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) é a oleaginosa mais cultivada no mundo, sendo de grande importância na alimentação humana, animal e para produção de biodiesel. A qualidade do produto a ser comercializado é diretamente influenciada pelas técnicas de armazenamento, sendo que a umidade dos grãos, a temperatura e o tempo de armazenamento são os principais responsáveis pela maioria das alterações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e da umidade durante o armazenamento semi-hermético sobre parâmetros químicos e tecnológicos de avaliação da qualidade dos grãos de soja. Os grãos foram armazenados durante 12 meses, em sistema semi-hermético, com duas combinações de temperatura (15 a 25 °C) e humidade (12 e 16%) e, em seguida, avaliados quanto a ocorrência de pragas, as variações da umidade, os níveis de lipídios e proteínas, solubilidade proteica, qualidade do óleo, carotenoides, cor, entalpia e peso de mil grãos. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do tempo de armazenamento conduz a alterações nos parâmetros químicos e tecnológicos. A preservação dos parâmetros de acidez do óleo e peso de mil grãos são mais dependentes da umidade, enquanto que a incidência de pragas, a solubilidade da proteína, a entalpia, os níveis de carotenoides e os parâmetros de preservação da cor foram preservados pela redução da temperatura.
Influence of seasonality, timing of insemination and rectal temperature on conception rate of crossbred dairy cows
Authors: Souza Fransérgio Rocha de , Campos Carla Cristian , Silva Natascha Almeida Marques da , Santos Ricarda Maria dos
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) on conception rate (CR), as well as the effects of seasonality (spring-summer vs. autumn-winter) and timing of artificial insemination (AI) (morning vs. afternoon) on RT and CR in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr). The experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in Centralina, MG, where 1,219 conventional and fixed-time inseminations were analyzed. The RT was measured immediately before AI using a digital thermometer. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography between 28 and 60 days after AI. T The effects of seasonality and timing of AI on RT were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test and the effects of RT (above or below the average), seasonality and timing of AI on CR were analyzed with a Chi-squared test, both using the SAS program. The RT average was 39.4°C. Cows with RT ? 39.4°C had lower CR than cows with RT < 39.4°C (25.78% vs. 32.54%; P = 0.0096). During spring-summer, cows had higher RT (39.44°C ± 0.025 vs. 39.27°C ± 0.022; P < 0.0001) and lower CR (25.49% vs. 31.75%; P = 0.0146) compared with autumn-winter. Cows inseminated in the morning had lower RT (38.96°C ± 0.022 vs. 39.60°C ± 0.018; P < 0.0001) and higher CR (32.86% vs. 26.06%; P = 0.0102) than cows inseminated in the afternoon. In conclusion, crossbred dairy cows with rectal temperature equal to or greater than 39.4°C had lower conception rate. Moreover, rectal temperature and conception rate were affected by seasonality and insemination time.
Parasitological and molecular detection of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs of Recife, Pernambuco and evaluation of risk factors associated
Authors: Silva Vanessa Carla Lima da , Lima Evilda Rodrigues de , Dias Mirella Bezerra de Melo Colaço , Fukahori Fernanda Lúcia Passos , Rego Michelle Suassuna de Azevedo , Pinheiro Júnior José Wilton , Kim Pomy De Cássia Peixoto , Leitão Renata Serpa Cordeiro Sá , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido , Carieli Elisa Paula de Oliveira
Published: March 2016

This work aims to detect the presence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs from Recife, Pernambuco via molecular and parasitological detection methods, and to assess the risk factors associated with this parasite. A total of 146 dogs (male and female) of varying breeds and ages that presented clinical symptoms of babesiosis were assessed at a clinical care center in the Veterinary School Hospital. Blood was obtained via venopuncture for hemoparasite detection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a commercial kit, DNA was extracted from blood samples. For the PCR reaction, an approximately 590 base pair long genetic sequence was used to detect the presence of B. canis vogeli. The forward primer, denoted as BAB1 (5’-GTG AAC CTT ATC ACT TAA AGG-3’), was specific for a conserved region on the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia spp., and the antisense primer was denoted as BAB4 (5’-CAA CTC CTC CAC GCA ATC G-3’). PCR results suggested that the percentage of Babesia canis vogeli infection was 4.8%. Through descriptive statistical analysis of the data, we observed that there was higher frequency of parasite infection associated with male dogs above two years of age, with a defined breed, from the countryside, are domiciled, and also suffer from tick infestation. We conclude that regardless of the type of risk factor, babesiosis can be found throughout Recife, Pernambuco, and its prevalence does not vary in most regions of Brazil. Our results indicate that PCR is a sensitive test for the detection of blood parasites, and should be performed as a clinical routine.
Spatial analysis of areas likely to harbor American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Pereira de , Fonseca Adevair Henrique da , Silveira Andrea Kill , Goes Maria Hilde De Barros , Silva Jorge Xavier da , Pereira Maria Julia Salim
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição espacial de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) no município de Seropédica, segundo graus de favorabilidade para sua ocorrência. O Sistema de Análise Geoambiental Vista-SAGA foi utilizado na preparação das bases de dados (mapas temáticos), análise ambiental, assinaturas e combinação. Os graus de favorabilidade foram obtidos por avaliações procedidas sobre os fatores uso do solo e cobertura vegetal, tipo de solo e geomorfologia (fatores geoambientais) e altitude e declividade (fatores topográficos). Os fatores utilizados nas análises foram selecionados com base na literatura e na viabilidade técnica para a preparação das bases de dados. Pesos e notas foram atribuídos aos fatores e suas categorias, respectivamente, conforme a relevância para o ciclo de vida de parasitos do gênero Leishmania e de seus vetores. Os resultados das análises ambientais foram categorizados para representarem a distribuição espacial da favorabilidade, classificada como áreas pouquíssimo favorável, pouco favorável, favorável, muito favorável e muitíssimo favorável para ocorrência de LTA. Os resultados das assinaturas evidenciam que o município apresenta 6,81% da área classificada muitíssimo favorável, 65,14% muito favorável, 17,98 % favorável, 2,39% pouco favorável e 0,07% pouquíssimo favorável. As assinaturas sobre os mapas de resultados e temáticos permitiram não só localizar, mas também caracterizar o perfil dos ecossistemas quanto ao risco para a ocorrência de LTA, indicando que o município de Seropédica pode ser classificado como muito favorável para ocorrência desta doença tanto em áreas rurais quanto peri-urbanas e urbanas. Estes resultados poderão subsidiar a tomada de decisões dos órgãos responsáveis pelo controle e prevenção da LTA em Seropédica. Além disso, o geoprocessamento como ferramenta de integração de dados se mostrou uma alternativa de baixo custo para áreas onde haja dificuldade para realização de inquéritos.
Blood gases of horses subjected to jugular vein occlusion during treadmill exercise
Authors: Dias Deborah Penteado Martins , Silva Marco Augusto Giannoccaro da , Albernaz Raquel Mincarelli , Gomide Lina Maria Wehrle , Martins Carla Braga , Bernardi Nara Saraiva , Barbosa José Carlos , Queiroz-Neto Antonio De , Lacerda-Neto José Corrêa de
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral jugular vein occlusion via temporary surgical ligature on arterial blood gases in horses during treadmill exercise. Six horses performed three exercise tests (ETs). ET1, considered to be the control, was performed in horses without jugular occlusion. ET2 and ET3 were performed in horses with unilateral and bilateral occlusion via temporary surgical ligature of the jugular veins, respectively. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) were determined. The PO2 showed decreased values during ET2 and ET3, suggesting that horses presenting acute jugular thrombophlebitis may have airflow limitations when exercising.
Ruminal degradation of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of banana peel treated with limestone
Authors: Monção Flávio Pinto , Reis Sidnei Tavares dos , Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio , Sales Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de , Alves Dorismar David , Aguiar Ana Cássia Rodrigues de , Oliveira Euclides Reuter de , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dry matter degradation and neutral detergent fiber of banana peel treated with limestone. The banana peel has been acquired from a candy manufacturer that after washing with chlorinated water to 1% and pulp removal was discarded. The banana peel in nature was treated with 1, 2, 3 and 4% of limestone in the natural matter, homogenized and pre-dried in the sun for 120 hours. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% inclusion of limestone) with 3 repetitions. The dry matter potential degradability, showed no difference (P>0.05) in the levels compared to the control with an average of 67.58%. The insoluble degradation fraction rate of dry matter and the fiber fraction did not differ (P> 0.05) between levels and control. In relation to effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber, there was an increase of 3.47% for each percentage unit increased limestone. In relation to the ruminal degradation parameters of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber is not recommended the utilization of limestone as an additive in the treatment of banana peel.
Performance and economic viability of protein supplementation for grazing cattle steers in the wet and dry-wet transition season
Authors: Pereira Junior Wolney Alvim , Paulino Mario Fonseca , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Paulino Pedro Veiga Rodrigues , Silva-Marques Renata Pereira da , José Neto Antônio , França Dagberto , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana Keiko
Published: March 2016

The objective was to evaluate performance and economic viability of protein supplementation of grazing beef cattle in the wet and dry-wet transition season. Eighty non-castrated Nellore steers, body weight of 371 ± 11.3 kg were used in the experiment. The treatments were the following: SM – Mineral supplement; Protein mineral supplements (SMP 20% FS - soybean meal: 410 g/animal; SMP 40% UR - urea: 223 g/animal; and SMP 40% UP - protect urea: 236 g/animal). It was used a complete random design with 20 replicates per treatment. There was a difference in the results (P<0.05) of PMS 40% UP compared with SM, with average daily gain (ADG) of 1.06 kg/animal for SMP 40% UP and 0.95 kg/ animal for SM, respectively. There was difference (P<0.10) in the fat accumulation rate in longissimus dorsi muscle (Tx.EGLD) between treatments. The PMS 40% UP supplement showed an accumulation of fat 0.018 mm/day while the SMP 40% UR had a lower rate of fat 0.011 mm/day. There was no effect (P> 0.10) of treatments on the rate of accumulation of fat in the rump region. All treatments presented a positive net margin. The best net margin was observed for treatment PMS 40% UP, that is, R$123.92 per animal/period, whereas the smallest was observed in treatment PMS 20% FS, that is, R$98.91 per animal/period. Protein supplementation with a source of protected nitrogen can be used as a strategy to increase the performance of beef cattle on pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during the wet and dry-wet transition.
Características da carcaça e composição tecidual de cortes comerciais de cordeiros alimentados com resíduos da bananicultura
Authors: Carmo Tânia Dayana do , França Xisto Antônio Alves , Geraseev Luciana Castro , Viegas Carlos Renato , Costa Neto Paulo Pedro , Duarte Eduardo Robson , Bahiense Raphael Nogueira
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do feno de Cynodon spp. por feno de resíduos da bananicultura nas características de carcaça e composição tecidual dos cortes comerciais de cordeiros Santa Inês terminados em confinamento. Utilizou-se 25 cordeiros, não castrados, com idade média de cinco meses, peso vivo inicial de 26,95 kg (± 1,5), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (1= 40% de feno Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 2= 20% de feno de folha de bananeira e 20% de feno de Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 3= 40% de feno de folha de bananeira + 60% concentrado, 4= 20% de feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e 20% de feno de Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 5= 40% de feno de pseudocaule de bananeira + 60% concentrado) e cinco repetições. Os cordeiros foram abatidos aos 69 dias de experimentação. As variáveis avaliadas foram: peso vivo sem jejum (PVSJ), peso vivo com jejum (PVCJ), medidas morfométricas in vivo e da carcaça, peso da carcaça quente e fria (PCQ, PCF), rendimento da carcaça quente e fria (RCQ, RCF), rendimento biológico e perda por resfriamento. As carcaças foram divididas em oito cortes comerciais, sendo o pernil, paleta e lombos dissecados em músculo, gordura e osso. Os animais alimentados com feno de pseudocaule apresentaram maior PVSJ, PVCJ, comprimento corporal, PCQ, PCF, entretanto, o RCQ, RCF, medidas morfométricas da carcaça, pesos e rendimentos dos cortes comerciais não foram alterados pelos tratamentos. O uso do feno de pseudocaule permite a obtenção de carcaças mais pesadas, entretanto, os coprodutos alteram as características e rendimento da carcaça e dos cortes comerciais avaliados.
Response of soybean and corn to soil mechanical intervention and agricultural gypsum application to the soil surface
Authors: Somavilla Lucindo , Pinto Marlo Adriano Bison , Basso Claudir José , Da Ros Clovis Orlando , Silva Vanderlei Rodrigues da , Brun Thiarles , Santi Antônio Luis
Published: March 2016

Agricultural gypsum is considered an important tool in the improvement of soil chemical properties; however, crop responses to its application are contradictory. Studies have shown that the physical effects of soil mechanical intervention is short-lasting and has little impact on grain yield. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate corn and soybean response to soil mechanical interventions and to the application of agricultural gypsum to soil surface. The experiment involved cultivation of two crops each of soybean (i. e., 2009/2010 and 2011/2012 crop years) and corn (i. e., 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 crop years) with application of agricultural gypsum (0, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha-1) to the soil surface during the winter of 2009, after 12 years under continuous no-tillage system and two types of mechanical intervention: chisel plowing and plowing+harrowing. Soybean responded to mechanical interventions conducted in an area under continuous no-tillage system, but showed an increase of only 10% (114 kg ha-1) in the grain yield with the use of agricultural gypsum in the 2011/2012 crop year. Gypsum caused a higher increase in the grain yield of corn than that of soybean. Moreover, the crop response to gypsum application varied considerably in the 2010/2011 crop year after mechanical interventions under continuous no-tillage cultivation.
Combined Traditional Water Harvesting (Zai) and Mulching Techniques Increase Available Soil Phosphorus Content and Millet Yield
Authors: Moussa Boubacar M. , Diouf Abdoulaye , Abdourahamane Salamatou I. , Axelsen Jørgen Aagaard , Ambouta Karimou J. M. , Mahamane Ali
Published: March 2016

Mismanagement of soil fertility is one of the major challenges for farmers in the Sahelian zone of Niger. This study, conducted in 2012 and 2013 in western part of Niger, aimed at examining the effects of combined Zai and Mulching techniques on soil fertility and millet productivity. The experimental design was a randomized Fischer block with four treatments (Zai, mulching, Zai + mulching and Control) and four replicates. In the Zai treatment, 200 g cattle manure was added per Zai hole (2.8 t/ha) and millet straw (2.0 t/ha) was spread in the mulching treatment. The control treatment did not receive cattle manure or millet straw. The measurements concerned grain and straw yield of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) as well as physico-chemical soil characteristics. The results show that the Zai + mulching treatment improved soil fertility parameters and grain yield significantly. The content of available phosphorus and clay in the soil was doubled after two years. The soil organic carbon content had increased from 0.45 to 2.1 g kg-1. The cation exchange capacity and pH had increased by one compared to the control. The content of total nitrogen (0.1 to 0.2 g kg-1) and total potassium (8.6 to 57.8 mg kg-1) did not vary significantly between treatments. An increase of 250 kg ha-1 grain of millet compared to the control was obtained. Concerning the straw yield, the highest values were obtained by Zai treatment in both years (855±216 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 843±313 kg ha-1 in 2013) and Zai + mulching in 2013 (888±251 kg ha-1). The combination Zai + mulching improved the soil fertility and millet productivity and can be used to restore degraded soils.
An Electrostatic Nursery Shelter for Raising Pest and Pathogen Free Tomato Seedlings in an Open-Window Greenhouse Environment
Authors: Takikawa Yoshihiro , Matsuda Yoshinori , Nonomura Teruo , Kakutani Koji , Okada Kiyotsugu , Morikawa Shinya , Shibao Manabu , Kusakari Shin-ichi , Toyoda Hideyoshi
Published: March 2016

The electrostatic nursery shelter reported in this work was a transparent film-covered rectangular box with three electric field screens on each of the long sides of the box. This arrangement prevents flying pests and airborne fungal pathogens from entering the nursery space. Insulated conducting wires (ICWs) were used as electrodes to create electric fields. The ICWs were arrayed in parallel, and linked to direct-current voltage sources. The ICW layers were negatively or positively charged with equal voltages to form dipoles; i.e., ICW(–) and ICW(+). The electric field screen consisted of three layers of the ICWs; i.e., an ICW(–) layer on either side of an ICW(+) layer. Four species of major tomato pests were used in a blowing assay: whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) and tomato leaf miner flies (Liriomyza sativae). The ICWs were located to capture test pests that were mechanically blown into the electric-field screen. The electrostatic force to capture the insects was directly proportional to the applied voltage, and at voltages of 1.2 kV or greater, the screen exerted sufficient force to capture all of the test pests. An assay in a pest-infested greenhouse revealed that the ICWs captured all the pests that approached the screen, and the plants within the shelter remained pest-free. In addition, we show that the electric-field-screened shelter remained spore-free in the presence of continuous exposure to the conidia of tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici).
Analysis of Leaf Area Index Dynamic and Grain Yield Components of Intercropped Wheat and Maize under Straw Mulch Combined with Reduced Tillage in Arid Environments
Authors: Yin Wen , Chai Qiang , Guo Yao , Feng Fuxue , Zhao Cai , Yu Aizhong , Hu Falong
Published: March 2016

Knowledge on effect of yield formation under straw combined with plastic film mulch is important in highlighting the importance of cultivating high-efficient and high-yield crops in the arid environments. In this study, we developed a ‘double-mulching’ system, i.e., plastic film coupled with straw mulch, integrated together with intensified strip intercropping. We determined (i) the responses of leaf area index improvement to the integrated double mulching system, and (ii) Its effects on yield formation process and mechanism of intercropped wheat and maize under the integrated systems. Experiments were carried out in northwest China in 2009 to 2011. Results showed that wheat-maize strip intercropping in combination with plastic film and straw covering on the soil surface (i.e., NTS) increased maize yield by 27 to 42% compared to conventional monoculture maize, and increased wheat yield by 149 to 160% compared to conventional monoculture wheat. The crops on NTS had higher harvest index of maize, an increase of 8.2 to 21.6% than that of conventional monoculture maize. NTS system increased spike number (i.e., SN) by an average of 30.4%, increased kernel number per spike (i.e., KNS) by an average of 10.8%, and increased thousand-kernel weight (i.e., TKW) by an average of 7.0% of intercropped wheat in comparison with conventional monoculture wheat. Similarly, there was an average increase of 5.7% of SN, 23.8% of KNS, and 7.5% of TKW under intercropped maize in comparison with conventional monoculture maize. Moreover, the treatment on NTS had greater leaf area index (i.e., LAI) an average increase of 64.1% than that in conventional monoculture maize. Similarly, LAI had an average increase of 29.3% than conventional monoculture wheat. Path analysis exhibited that straw mulching combined with reduced tillage increased the grain yield of intercropped wheat by improving KNS, and increased the grain yield of intercropped maize by improving SN. We conclude that the intercropping system in combination with plastic film and straw mulching can be an effective system for boosting crop productivity via improving yield components and LAI under limited resources in arid enviroments.
UHPLC/ESI-MS/MS Determination of 187 Pesticides in Wine
Authors: Wang Jian , Cheung Wendy
Published: March 2016

This paper presents an ultra HPLC/electrospray ionization-tandem MS method to determine pesticides in wine. We adopted the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERs) method for extraction and used core-shell column to achieve ultra-HPLC to develop and validate a simple and fast method to analyze 187 pesticide residues in red and white wine samples. Pesticide residues were extracted from wine samples using QuEChERS. Ultra HPLC/electrospray ionization-tandem MS quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves with isotopically labeled standards or a chemical analogue as internal standards with an analytical range from 5.0 to 500.0 μg/L. The method performance characteristics that included overall recovery, intermediate precision, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated according to a nested experimental design. Generally, 98.4% (in red wine) and 96.8% (in white wine) of the pesticides had recoveries between 71 and 120%; 98.9% (in red wine) and 99.5% (in white wine) of the pesticides had the intermediate precision ≤20%; and 99.5% (in red wine) and 98.4% (in white wine) of the pesticides had measurement uncertainty ≤50%.
Adaptation of Teacher Power Use Scale to Lower Secondary Students and Student Teachers
Authors: Vlčková Kateřina , Mareš Jan , Ježek Stanislav
Published: March 2016

Moc lze definovat jako schopnost ovlivnit názory, hodnoty a jednání ostatních. Jasně stanovené mocenské vztahy ve třídách umožňují realizaci kurikulárních cílů. Začínající učitelé často bojují s ustanovením těchto vztahů. Vlivná typologie sociální moci jakožto vztahového jevu autorů Frenche a Ravena (1959) rozlišuje donucovací, odměňovací, legitimní, referenční a expertní bázi moci učitele. V této metodologické studii popisujeme adaptaci nástroje Teacher Power Use Scale – TPUS (Schrodt, Witt, & Turman, 2007) určeného k měření těchto bází moci. Adaptace se zaměřuje na úpravu dotazníku specificky pro český kontext a také pro studenty učitelství a jejich žáky na druhém stupni základních škol (oproti původní verzi, která byla zaměřena na univerzitní učitele a jejich studenty v anglosaském kontextu). Dostupný výzkumný vzorek sestával z 1686 žáků z 96 tříd druhého stupně základních škol vyučovaných 96 studenty učitelství v průběhu jejich dlouhodobé praxe. Získaná data v zásadě podporují teorii Frenche a Ravena a původní TPUS. Nicméně vnímání bází moci studentů učitelství je u žáků druhého stupně jednodušší. Báze legitimní a donucovací silně korelovaly, jinými slovy byly žáky vnímány jako jeden faktor. Toto zjištění odpovídá výsledkům výzkumu bází moci učitele zkoumaných na jiných vzorcích žáků v českém kontextu.
Exploring an Interprofessional Staff-Training Model: Application for Teachers and Therapists Working with Children Diagnosed with Autism
Authors: Slim Lina , Zipp Genevieve Pinto
Published: March 2016

Increased prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has generated higher special needs enrollment in schools requiring teachers and therapists to acquire, incorporate and implement specialized strategies needed to address unique educational and behavioral challenges facing children diagnosed with ASD. Budget cuts have generated a shortage of qualified professionals with expertise in autism interventions. Currently, staff training is minimal, ineffective or lacking on how to do acquire these skills. More effective staff training may provide an avenue for addressing this shortage. This study investigates the impact that an Interprofessional Staff Training Procedure (STP), consisting of Video Self‐Monitoring (VSM), Performance Feedback (PF) and Reflection (R) with and without Mentoring has on sustained and generalized teacher performance on two Dependent Variables – application of the Learn Unit (LU) and Rate of Effective Instruction (ROI). An exploratory study was conducted with 10 female teachers instructing 3‐5 year old autistic children in two private schools utilizing principles of Applied Behavior Analysis. Teacher performance on LU and ROI was evaluated after: Phase 1 – 2‐hour workshop; Phase 2 – training period using STP with and without Mentoring and Phase 3 – follow‐up period when STP and Mentoring are removed. While the STP appeared to enhance teacher performance and sustainability of procedural integrity, the greatest and most consistent improvement in performance was observed among teachers who received STP plus Mentoring as opposed to STP alone. Findings revealed that adding Mentoring to an existing STP appears to enhance teacher performance and Procedural Integrity with sustainable outcome.
Inter-Professional Collaborative Care: A Way to Enhance Services for Adults with Intellectual Disability and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Summers Jane , Bartha Christina , Desarkar Pushpal , Duggan Lisa , Fineczko Julia , Golding Lew , Shahrami Ali , Uranis Christopher
Published: March 2016

This article describes our inter-professional mental health service for adults with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. The service consists of an inpatient unit and outpatient program that are closely aligned and operate within a mental health and addictions teaching hospital. We provide information about recent changes to our model of care and the structures and activities that are used to support inter-professional team development and team functioning. Roles and functions of different mental health professionals on the team are outlined and case examples of adults with intellectual disability and complex mental health needs are provided to illustrate how the inter-professional team members work together.
Beliefs Toward Social and Cognitive Competences in People with Down Syndrome
Authors: Marcone Roberto , Esposito Simona , Caputo Antonietta
Published: March 2016

The inclusion of a person with intellectual disability, such as Down Syndrome (DS), depends not only on the skills of the person himself, but also on the attitude that other persons have to him. Most of the studies that focused on the attitude towards people with DS did not thoroughly investigate the beliefs on the competences of people with DS. Our aim is to identify the commonly held beliefs towards the social and cognitive competences of people with DS. Specifically, we want to verify if there are any differences among the beliefs held by parents of Typical Development (TD) children, parents of people with DS and people without children. A second aim is to evaluate a possible association between the level of knowledge about the Syndrome and related positive beliefs. 363 subjects from 18 to 70 years old (M = 37.56; S.D. = 14.73) were recruited. The sample was divided in three different groups: 1) subjects with TD children; 2) subjects with DS children and 3) subjects without children. An ad hoc self-report questionnaire was administered. Results show that people with Down Syndrome are considered more competent in terms of motor skills, but less competent in social skills. The level of knowledge of the Syndrome correlates positively with beliefs in all competences. There are differences in beliefs between the three groups: parents with DS children have more positive beliefs about all skills, especially as regards the socialization. Knowing the beliefs on the skills of DS people can be very useful, in order to improve inclusiveness of those with DS.
Une division sociale du travail linguistique
Authors: Das Sonia N.
Published: March 2016

Les politiques nationalistes et internationales exercent des influences diverses sur la valeur économique et le capital social rattachés à des variétés de tamoul, enseignées comme deux langues d’origine différentes dans les écoles des communautés sri-lankaise et indienne et les écoles publiques de langue française et de langue anglaise à Montréal (Québec). En réinterprétant la division locale du travail linguistique en milieu scolaire francophone et anglophone à Montréal, les immigrants indiens et les réfugiés sri-lankais poursuivent chacun de leur côté différentes stratégies pour financer deux programmes d’enseignement de langue d’origine distincts et s’associent avec différents partenaires pour les mettre sur pied. Alors que les Sri-Lankais veulent conserver une variété littéraire du tamoul perçue comme dépositaire de leur patrimoine culturel et liée à leur prétention d’authenticité culturelle, les immigrants indiens veulent pour leur part moderniser leur variété plus familière du tamoul afin de s’ouvrir aux marchés internationaux et de favoriser la mobilité sociale de ses locuteurs en leur permettant de rejoindre une modernité mondiale. Ces différentes évaluations d’une langue minoritaire mettent en relief les dynamiques concurrentielles et collaboratives du néolibéralisme.
Quand légitimité rime avec productivité
Authors: Duchêne Alexandre , Flubacher Mi-Cha
Published: March 2016

L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence la manière dont les processus de légitimation des langues et des locuteurs s’articulent à des logiques de productivité économique. En partant d’une recherche ethnographique conduite dans un centre d’appels – terrain emblématique de l’économie néolibérale – situé dans une ville ouvrière bilingue en Suisse, nous montrerons que les compétences langagières des travailleurs font l’objet d’une célébration en termes économiques (du point de vue du repositionnement industriel de la municipalité et de la productivité des centres d’appels). En effet, dans l’industrie de la communication, où la parole est la matière première du travail et où le marché visé est national, le plurilinguisme des travailleurs (dans notre cas le français, l’allemand et l’italien) est considéré comme un instrument central de la productivité. Cependant, cet idéal plurilingue se confronte à une réalité du bassin de travail, qui s’avère moins plurilingue qu’escompté, obligeant les entreprises à reconfigurer les exigences langagières, allant dans le sens d’un monolinguisme germanophone et d’un bilinguisme français-italien. Cette situation induit alors une hiérarchisation au sein des classes ouvrières entre monolingues et bilingues et entre monolingues germanophones et monolingues francophones et italophones. L’instrumentalisation économique du plurilinguisme est alors fortement reliée à des enjeux de classes sociales et de stratification sociale, profitant avant tout aux institutions de pouvoir. L’adossement du plurilinguisme à une logique de marché et de transformations industrielles conduit, quant à lui, à reproduire les rapports de pouvoir entre les langues et les locuteurs, tout en maintenant les travailleurs les plus fragilisés économiquement dans des positions sociales précaires.
Trajectoires de croissance et structures de gouvernance élargies : une lecture des représentations des dirigeants-fondateurs de startups1
Authors: Tarillon Caroline , Grazzini Frédérique , Boissin Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2016

Certaines startups soutenues par le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) ont connu et connaissent encore de très grandes réussites. Cependant, on observe une très forte hétérogénéité des trajectoires de croissance de ces entreprises.

Cette recherche s’appuie sur l’idée que ces trajectoires de croissance dépendent notamment des représentations des dirigeants en matière de gouvernance, par exemple la structure de l’actionnariat ou les relations avec les parties prenantes. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous proposons l’utilisation d’un modèle théorique élargi de la gouvernance d’entreprise s’appuyant à la fois sur les prismes coercitif et cognitif. Ce point de vue intégrateur est particulièrement adapté pour étudier dans toute sa complexité la question de la gouvernance dans le contexte des startups. Les résultats obtenus s’appuient sur des entretiens réalisés avec seize dirigeants de startups, créées entre 1999 et 2013. Ils confirment notamment la vision très large de la gouvernance de certains dirigeants de startups et l’importance de celle-ci dans le soutien de la croissance.
Persistance dans le temps des déterminants de la croissance des PME
Authors: Gueguen Gaël , Janssen Frank , Giacomin Olivier
Published: March 2016

La littérature sur les déterminants de la croissance des PME est abondante. Les principaux facteurs étudiés concernent les caractéristiques de l’industrie, de l’entreprise, de la stratégie et de l’entrepreneur. L’idée soutenue dans ce travail est que les déterminants traditionnels de la croissance, et notamment les caractéristiques initiales du dirigeant (lors de la création), ont une influence variable au fil du temps sur celle-ci. Nous attendons notamment une diminution de l’influence des caractéristiques initiales du dirigeant. Afin de vérifier cette proposition, nous avons mesuré l’impact de facteurs considérés par la littérature comme explicatifs du développement de la PME trois puis cinq années après la création de celle-ci. Notre échantillon concerne 2 350 PME provenant de plusieurs secteurs d’activité. Nos résultats indiquent que les déterminants expliquent moins bien la croissance de la PME cinq ans après sa naissance que trois ans après. Cette diminution concerne particulièrement l’influence du dirigeant, le secteur et les caractéristiques de l’entreprise.
Diversité des stratégies de croissance de l’entreprise artisanale et profil du dirigeant
Authors: Thévenard-Puthod Catherine , Picard Christian
Published: March 2016

La croissance est un thème central de la recherche en entrepreneuriat et en stratégie d’entreprise. Pourtant si un grand nombre d’études existent sur la croissance des PME, des « high growth firms » ou des « startups », très peu de travaux concernent les très petites entreprises déjà existantes, et,a fortiori, les entreprises artisanales (EA). Or on peut légitimement penser que les moyens plus restreints dont disposent ces entreprises de plus petite taille et leur plus grande focalisation sur le métier colorent fortement leurs choix de croissance et nécessitent des recherches spécifiques. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cet article est de lever le voile sur les stratégies réellement mises en oeuvre par les EA pour croître et sur les facteurs expliquant l’adoption de ces stratégies. En se fondant sur onze études de cas, les résultats obtenus montrent que les stratégies de croissance des EA sont beaucoup plus variées que ce que la littérature le laissait initialement entendre. Ils mettent également en avant l’influence forte du profil du dirigeant dans les choix de modalités de croissance.
Les PME axées sur la durabilité et à forte croissance : une approche par les paradoxes1
Authors: Bérard Céline , Bruyère Christelle , Saleilles Séverine
Published: March 2016

Cet article vise à explorer les tensions paradoxales présentes dans les PME axées sur la durabilité et à forte croissance, ainsi que les pratiques mises en oeuvre pour faire face à ces tensions. La recherche repose sur l’étude d’un cas unique, une PME française pionnière du secteur bio. L’analyse de ce cas permet d’identifier quatre tensions paradoxales majeures, qui s’intensifient de manière progressive durant les phases de forte croissance : identité normative et utilitariste, croissance interne et externe, exploration et exploitation, désorganisation et structuration. Elle permet de plus de repérer un ensemble de clés stratégiques, qui ont permis aux situations paradoxales de trouver leur équilibre dans des logiques de dialogue et de différenciation.
Le comportement du dirigeant de PME français face au seuil des 50 salariés1
Authors: Grandclaude Didier , Nobre Thierry
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine l’impact des seuils sociaux sur l’intention de croissance et les comportements des dirigeants de PME français. Pour les organisations patronales, ces seuils, notamment celui des 50, sont un frein à l’intention de croître des dirigeants et expliquent, en grande partie, le déficit du nombre d’entreprises de taille intermédiaire (ETI) sur le territoire. La problématique des effets de seuils et de son incidence sur la croissance n’a, jusqu’à présent, pas constitué un objet de recherche en soi. Une étude qualitative est menée pour analyser en profondeur l’impact du seuil des 50 salariés sur les intentions et comportements des dirigeants. Dans un premier temps descriptif, les intentions et comportements adoptés et projetés face aux seuils sont identifiés. Puis, dans une logique analytique, les facteurs inhibant et facilitant le franchissement des seuils sont examinés.
Croissance des PME par l’internationalisation : l’effet de levier réticulaire des chambres de commerce françaises à l’étranger
Authors: Mira-Bonnardel Sylvie
Published: March 2016

L’internationalisation constitue un des vecteurs de croissance des entreprises souvent lourd et complexe pour les PME. Dès lors, le dirigeant de PME doit aussi s’appuyer sur des externalités de réseaux lui permettant de déployer son action dans un périmètre suffisamment étendu pour créer de la valeur tout en engageant des ressources mesurées. Dans ce cadre-là, nous avons analysé le rôle des services d’appui des chambres de commerce et d’industrie françaises à l’étranger dans le développement de petites entreprises à l’international. À partir de l’exemple de la CCI française au Japon, nous montrerons dans cet article comment les chambres de commerce françaises à l’étranger s’apparentent, dans leur action, à des clubs d’affaires et jouent un rôle prédominant dans l’installation des entreprises françaises au sein des écosystèmes locaux facilitant ainsi considérablement le processus d’internationalisation des PME, leur permettant de s’affranchir du traditionnel processus d’internationalisation incrémental.
L’implication organisationnelle des personnels-cadres dans les PME : le rôle de la tontine d’entreprise en contexte camerounais1
Authors: Nkakleu Raphaël , Manga Benjamin
Published: March 2016

La recherche sur l’implication organisationnelle (IO) reste d’actualité en raison de la controverse autour de la tridimensionnalité de l’IO et de ses déterminants (Cohen, 2007 ; Biétry, 2012 ; Klein et al., 2012 ; Meyer et al., 2012). Notre article tente de montrer que la tontine d’entreprise, en tant que réseau social de solidarités financières et sociales sur les lieux de travail, est un levier d’implication organisationnelle dans les PME camerounaises. Une étude empirique menée auprès de 225 cadres de 192 PME camerounaises révèle un caractère prédictif de la tontine sur l’implication affective et l’implication normative du personnel-cadre tontinier à leur organisation. Ceci nous amène à suggérer des pratiques de GRH adaptées au contexte socioculturel et professionnel ambiant.
Same day HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy initiation affects retention in Option B+ prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission services at antenatal care in Zomba District, Malawi
Authors: Chan Adrienne K , Kanike Emmanuel , Bedell Richard , Mayuni Isabel , Manyera Ruth , Mlotha William , Harries Anthony D , van Oosterhout Joep J , van Lettow Monique
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Data from the Option B+ prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) program in Malawi show considerable variation between health facilities in retention on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In a programmatic setting, we studied whether the “model of care,” based on the degree of integration of antenatal care (ANC), HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and ART service provision–influenced uptake of and retention on ART.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women seeking ANC at rural primary health facilities in Zomba District, Malawi. Data were extracted from standardized national ANC registers, ART registers and ART master cards. The “model of care” of Option B+ service delivery was determined at each health facility, based on the degree of integration of ANC, HTC and ART. Full integration (Model 1) of HTC and ART initiation at ANC was compared with integration of HTC only into ANC services (Model 2) with subsequent referral to an existing ART clinic for treatment initiation.

Results and discussion

A total of 10,528 women were newly registered at ANC between October 2011 and March 2012 in 23 rural health facilities (12 were Model 1 and 11 Model 2). HIV status was ascertained in 8,572 (81%) women. Among 914/8,572 (9%) HIV‐positive women enrolling at ANC, 101/914 (11%) were already on ART; of those not on treatment, 456/813 (56%) were started on ART. There was significantly higher ART uptake in Model 1 compared with Model 2 sites (63% vs. 51%; p=0.001), but significantly lower ART retention in Model 1 compared with Model 2 sites (79% vs. 87%; p=0.02). Multivariable analysis showed that initiation of ART on the same day as HIV diagnosis, but not model of care, was independently associated with reduced retention in the first six months (adjusted odds ratio 2.27; 95% CI: 1.34–3.85; p=0.002).

Conclusions

HIV diagnosis and treatment on the same day was associated with reduced retention on ART, independent of the level of PMTCT service integration at ANC.
Ultracompact 100 Gbps coherent receiver monolithically integrated on silicon
Authors: Tu Zhijuan , Gong Pan , Zhou Zhiping , Wang Xingjun
Published: March 2016

This work describes an ultracompact coherent receiver monolithically integrated on silicon. The coherent receiver integrates one 1D grating coupler, one 2D grating coupler, two 90° hybrids, and eight Ge photodetectors in an area of only 1.3 × 1.4 mm2, which is about half the size of the smallest previously reported receiver. The design and performances of the components and the integrated coherent receiver are presented. The receiving of 100 Gbps polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK) signals is also successfully demonstrated.