bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and yield response of peanut to simulated drift of glufosinate at vegetative and reproductive growth stages
Authors: Daramola Olumide S. , Singh Navjot , Iboyi Joseph E. , Devkota Pratap
Published: November 2023

The increased incidence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has led to an exponential increase in the use of glufosinate on glufosinate-resistant corn, cotton, and soybean crops. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate peanut response to glufosinate at 25 and 60 d after planting, corresponding to vegetative (V3) and reproductive (R4) growth stages, at 1.2, 4.7, 18.9, 75.5, and 302 g ai ha−1 representing 1/514 to 1/2 of the labeled rate of 604 g ha−1. Peanut injury and canopy and yield reductions from glufosinate were <10% when applied at 1.2, 4.7, and 18.9 g ha−1. However, at 75.5 and 302 g ha−1 peanut injury ranged from 24% to 72% at the V3 exposure timing and 33% to 54% at the R4 exposure timing. Similarly, glufosinate applied at 75.5 and 302 g ha−1 reduced peanut canopy width by 10% to 23% at the V3 exposure timing and by 43% to 57% at the R4 exposure timing. Averaged across exposure timing, peanut yield was reduced by 15% and 61% when glufosinate was applied at 75.5 and 302 g ha−1, respectively. Averaged across rates, peanut yield reduction was 18% at the V3 exposure timing, with glufosinate at 298 g ha−1 required to cause an estimated 50% reduction in yield. Peanut yield was reduced by 20% when glufosinate was applied at the R3 peanut growth stage, whereas glufosinate applied at 243 g ha-1 caused an estimated 50% reduction in yield. There was no difference in normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) values between untreated plants and peanut exposed to glufosinate at 1.2, 4.7, and 18.9 g ha−1. However, peanut exposed to glufosinate at 75.5 and 302 g ha−1 was distinguished from untreated plants with lower NDVI values. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, the best timing for assessing potential yield reduction based on injury was between 2 and 4 wk after treatment.
Escalating Hot‐Dry Extremes Amplify Compound Fire Weather Risk
Authors: Fan Xuewei , Miao Chiyuan , Zscheischler Jakob , Slater Louise , Wu Yi , Chai Yuanfang , AghaKouchak Amir
Published: November 2023

Fire weather compounded by extremely hot and dry conditions often severely impacts society and ecosystems. To mitigate and better adapt to these compound fire weather (CFW) events, a better understanding of recent and future CFW trends is needed. Here we show that in the period 1981–2020, the global average frequency and intensity of CFW events increased by 0.6 days/yr and 0.4%/yr, respectively. Increases in temperature and decreases in relative humidity were responsible for significant trends in the frequency of CFW events in 81.7% and 58.6% of locations, respectively. The same trends contributed to significant increases in CFW intensity in 72.1% and 57.9% of locations. We further demonstrate that anthropogenic climate change (due primarily to greenhouse gas emissions) has aggravated the frequency and intensity of CFW events, particularly in the Amazon region, with over 2‐fold and 1.3‐fold increases, respectively. Future projections reveal that other (individual) fire weather events are likely to shift toward CFW events accompanied by hot‐dry conditions, along with an expected rise in CFW intensity. Furthermore, the increased occurrence of CFW events is likely to substantially augment future population exposure to CFW conditions. Under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, climate change is estimated to contribute 62.6% of the projected increase in population exposure to CFW events by the end of this century. Our findings underscore the urgent need for strong climate action to reduce population exposure to the growing threat of future fire weather events compounded with hot and dry conditions.
STIM1 in tumor cell death: angel or devil?
Authors: Ren Ran , Li Yongsheng
Published: November 2023

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is involved in mediating the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), driving the influx of the intracellular second messenger calcium ion (Ca2+), which is closely associated with tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism and immune processes. STIM1 is not only regulated at the transcriptional level by NF-κB and HIF-1, but also post-transcriptionally modified by miRNAs and degraded by ubiquitination. Recent studies have shown that STIM1 or Ca2+ signaling can regulate apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis in tumor cells and act discrepantly in different cancers. Furthermore, STIM1 contributes to resistance against antitumor therapy by influencing tumor cell death. Further investigation into the mechanisms through which STIM1 controls other forms of tumor cell death could aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Moreover, STIM1 has the ability to regulate immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the basic structure, function and regulation of STIM1, summarize the signaling pathways through which STIM1 regulates tumor cell death, and propose the prospects of antitumor therapy by targeting STIM1.
Biallelic ATP2B1 variants as a likely cause of a novel neurodevelopmental malformation syndrome with primary hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Yap Patrick , Riley Lisa G. , Kakadia Purvi M. , Bohlander Stefan K. , Curran Ben , Rahimi Meer Jacob , Alburaiky Salam , Hayes Ian , Oppermann Henry , Print Cristin , Cooper Sandra T. , Le Quesne Stabej Polona
Published: November 2023

ATP2B1 encodes plasma membrane calcium-transporting-ATPase1 and plays an essential role in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis that regulates diverse signaling pathways. Heterozygous de novo missense and truncating ATP2B1 variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype of variable expressivity. We describe a proband with distinctive craniofacial gestalt, Pierre-Robin sequence, neurodevelopmental and growth deficit, periventricular heterotopia, brachymesophalangy, cutaneous syndactyly, and persistent hypocalcemia from primary hypoparathyroidism. Proband-parent trio exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous ATP2B1 variants: a maternally inherited splice-site (c.3060+2 T > G) and paternally inherited missense c.2938 G > T; p.(Val980Leu). Reverse-transcription-PCR on the proband’s fibroblast-derived mRNA showed aberrantly spliced ATP2B1 transcripts targeted for nonsense-mediated decay. All correctly-spliced ATP2B1 mRNA encoding p.(Val980Leu) functionally causes decreased cellular Ca2+ extrusion. Immunoblotting showed reduced fibroblast ATP2B1. We conclude that biallelic ATP2B1 variants are the likely cause of the proband’s phenotype, strengthening the association of ATP2B1 as a neurodevelopmental gene and expanding the phenotypic characterization of a biallelic loss-of-function genotype.
Temperate species underfill their tropical thermal potentials on land
Authors: Moore Nikki A. , Morales-Castilla Ignacio , Hargreaves Anna L. , Olalla-Tárraga Miguel Ángel , Villalobos Fabricio , Calosi Piero , Clusella-Trullas Susana , Rubalcaba Juan G. , Algar Adam C. , Martínez Brezo , Rodríguez Laura , Gravel Sarah , Bennett Joanne M. , Vega Greta C. , Rahbek Carsten , Araújo Miguel B. , Bernhardt Joey R. , Sunday Jennifer M.
Published: November 2023

Understanding how temperature determines the distribution of life is necessary to assess species’ sensitivities to contemporary climate change. Here, we test the importance of temperature in limiting the geographic ranges of ectotherms by comparing the temperatures and areas that species occupy to the temperatures and areas species could potentially occupy on the basis of their physiological thermal tolerances. We find that marine species across all latitudes and terrestrial species from the tropics occupy temperatures that closely match their thermal tolerances. However, terrestrial species from temperate and polar latitudes are absent from warm, thermally tolerable areas that they could potentially occupy beyond their equatorward range limits, indicating that extreme temperature is often not the factor limiting their distributions at lower latitudes. This matches predictions from the hypothesis that adaptation to cold environments that facilitates survival in temperate and polar regions is associated with a performance trade-off that reduces species’ abilities to contend in the tropics, possibly due to biotic exclusion. Our findings predict more direct responses to climate warming of marine ranges and cool range edges of terrestrial species.
Interictal invasive very high-frequency oscillations in resting awake state and sleep
Authors: Revajová Karin , Trávníček Vojtěch , Jurák Pavel , Vašíčková Zuzana , Halámek Josef , Klimeš Petr , Cimbálník Jan , Brázdil Milan , Pail Martin
Published: November 2023

Interictal very high-frequency oscillations (VHFOs, 500–2000 Hz) in a resting awake state seem to be, according to a precedent study of our team, a more specific predictor of a good outcome of the epilepsy surgery compared to traditional interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, 80–500 Hz). In this study, we retested this hypothesis on a larger cohort of patients. In addition, we also collected patients' sleep data and hypothesized that the occurrence of VHFOs in sleep will be greater than in resting state. We recorded interictal invasive electroencephalographic (iEEG) oscillations in 104 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in a resting state and in 35 patients during sleep. 21 patients in the rest study and 11 patients in the sleep study met the inclusion criteria (interictal HFOs and VHFOs present in iEEG recordings, a surgical intervention and a postoperative follow-up of at least 1 year) for further evaluation of iEEG data. In the rest study, patients with good postoperative outcomes had significantly higher ratio of resected contacts with VHFOs compared to HFOs. In sleep, VHFOs were more abundant than in rest and the percentage of resected contacts in patients with good and poor outcomes did not considerably differ in any type of oscillations. In conclusion, (1) our results confirm, in a larger patient cohort, our previous work about VHFOs being a specific predictor of the area which needs to be resected; and (2) that more frequent sleep VHFOs do not further improve the results.
Prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of immunogenic cell death-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Xu Jun , Yang Jun , Pan Xianzhu , Wang Jian
Published: November 2023

In recent years, genes associated with immunogenic cell death (ICD)-related genes have garnered significant interest as potential targets for immunotherapy. As a frontier in cancer treatment, immunotherapy has notably enhanced the therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. However, since only a subset of patients benefits from this treatment approach, there is an imperative need for biomarker research to enhance patient sensitivity to immunotherapy. Expression of ICD-related genes and clinical patient data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Utilizing univariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed a signature for predicting the overall survival of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. A genomic feature analysis was performed, incorporating tumor mutation burden (TMB) and copy number variation (CNV). The immunological characteristics were analyzed via the ssGSEA and GSEA algorithms, with the resulting data visualized using R software (version 4.2.1). According to the univariate regression analysis for COAD, AIM2 emerged as the gene most significantly associated with overall survival among the 32 ICD-related genes in the TCGA dataset. Patients were divided into two groups based on high or low AIM2 expression, and genomic differences between the groups were explored. Patients expressing high levels of AIM2 had a higher TMB and a lower CNV. In addition, these patients had elevated immune checkpoint, immune cell, and immune function scores, thus indicating increased sensitivity to immunotherapy. TIDE analysis further confirmed that these patients were likely to respond more effectively to immunotherapy. Subclass mapping analysis corroborated our findings, demonstrating that patients with high AIM2 expression responded more positively to immunotherapy. Additionally, our study found that the suppression of AIM2 could significantly enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities of colon cancer cells. In this research, we identified a novel prognostic signature suggesting that patients with higher AIM2 expression levels are more likely to respond favorably to immunotherapy.
Deciphering salivary microbiome signature in Crohn’s disease patients with different factors contributing to dysbiosis
Authors: Elzayat Hala , Malik Talha , Al-Awadhi Haifa , Taha Mazen , Elghazali Gehad , Al-Marzooq Farah
Published: November 2023

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. An imbalanced microbiome (dysbiosis) can predispose to many diseases including CD. The role of oral dysbiosis in CD is poorly understood. We aimed to explore microbiome signature and dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome in CD patients, and correlate microbiota changes to the level of inflammation. Saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (HC) and CD patients (n = 40 per group). Salivary microbiome was analyzed by sequencing the entire 16S rRNA gene. Inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and calprotectin) were measured and correlated with microbiome diversity. Five dominant species were significantly enriched in CD, namely Veillonella dispar, Megasphaera stantonii, Prevotella jejuni, Dolosigranulum pigrum and Lactobacillus backii. Oral health had a significant impact on the microbiome since various significant features were cariogenic as Streptococcus mutans or periopathogenic such as Fusobacterium periodonticum. Furthermore, disease activity, duration and frequency of relapses impacted the oral microbiota. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies led to the emergence of a unique species called Simonsiella muelleri. Combining immunomodulatory agents with monoclonal antibodies significantly increased multiple pathogenic species such as Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Loss of diversity in CD was shown by multiple diversity indices. There was a significant negative correlation between gut inflammatory biomarkers (particularly calprotectin) and α-diversity, suggesting more inflammation associated with diversity loss in CD. Salivary dysbiosis was evident in CD patients, with unique microbiota signatures and perturbed species that can serve as disease biomarkers or potential targets for microbiota modulation. The interplay of various factors collectively contributed to dysbiosis, although each factor probably had a unique effect on the microbiome. The emergence of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of CD patients is alarming since they can disturb gut homeostasis and induce inflammation by swallowing, or hematogenous spread of microbiota, their metabolites, or generated inflammatory mediators.
Food without agriculture
Authors: Davis Steven J. , Alexander Kathleen , Moreno-Cruz Juan , Hong Chaopeng , Shaner Matthew , Caldeira Ken , McKay Ian
Published: November 2023

Efforts to make food systems more sustainable have emphasized reducing adverse environmental impacts of agriculture. In contrast, chemical and biological processes that could produce food without agriculture have received comparatively little attention or resources. Although there is a possibility that someday a wide array of attractive foods could be produced chemosynthetically, here we show that dietary fats could be synthesized with <0.8 g CO2-eq kcal−1, which is much less than the >1.5 g CO2-eq kcal−1 now emitted to produce palm oil in Brazil or Indonesia. Although scaling up such synthesis could disrupt agricultural economies and depend on consumer acceptance, the enormous potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as well as in land and water use represent a realistic possibility for mitigating the environmental footprint of agriculture over the coming decade.
Skilful predictions of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Dunstone Nick , Smith Doug M. , Hardiman Steven C. , Hermanson Leon , Ineson Sarah , Kay Gillian , Li Chaofan , Lockwood Julia F. , Scaife Adam A. , Thornton Hazel , Ting Mingfang , Wang Lei
Published: November 2023

The Summer North Atlantic Oscillation is the primary mode of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic region and has a significant influence on regional European, North American and Asian summer climate. However, current dynamical seasonal prediction systems show no significant Summer North Atlantic Oscillation prediction skill, leaving society ill-prepared for extreme summers. Here we show an unexpected role for the stratosphere in driving the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation in both observations and climate prediction systems. The anomalous strength of the lower stratosphere polar vortex in late spring is found to propagate downwards and influence the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation. Windows of opportunity are identified for useful levels of Summer North Atlantic Oscillation prediction skill, both in the 50% of years when the late spring polar vortex is anomalously strong/weak and possibly earlier if a sudden stratospheric warming event occurs in late winter. However, we show that model dynamical signals are spuriously weak, requiring large ensembles to obtain robust signals and we identify a summer ‘signal-to-noise paradox’ as found in winter atmospheric circulation Our results open possibilities for a range of new summer climate services, including for agriculture, water management and health sectors.
Avoiding some common mistakes in straight line regression. Part 1
Authors: Analytical Methods Committee, AMCTB No. 113
Published: November 2023

This article summarises the principles and assumptions underlying linear regression plots as used in method validation and in calibration experiments, and warns of problems that may arise when the assumptions are not valid.
Spectrally tunable near-infrared photoluminescence in MP3O9:Cr3+ (M = Al, Ga, In) phosphate phosphors
Authors: Jiang Lipeng , Jiang Xue , Zhang Liangliang , Lv Guocai , Su Yanjing
Published: November 2023

A highly thermally stable phosphate system was reported and a wide range of spectral tuning (787–894 nm) was achieved by varying the M ion in the MP3O9:Cr3+ (M = Al, Ga, In) family.
Unique and outstanding catalytic behavior of a novel MOF@COF composite as an emerging and powerful catalyst in the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali , Mirhosseini-Eshkevari Boshra
Published: November 2023

The creation of an emerging porous structure using the hybridization of UiO-66-NH2-MOF with a covalent organic framework based on terephthaldehyde and melamine (UiO-66-NH2-MOF@COF), was assessed using SEM, XRD, EDX/mapping, FT-IR, BET, and TGA analyses.
Rearrangement of thiazolidine derivatives – a synthesis of a chiral fused oxathiane–γ-lactam bicyclic system
Authors: Kamińska Karolina , Iwan Dominika , Trojnar Jakub , Daszkiewicz Marek , Rode Joanna E. , Wojaczyński Jacek , Wojaczyńska Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

Chiral fused lactam–thiazolidine or novel lactam–oxathiane systems are stereoselectively prepared using l-cysteine.
Surfactant-enhanced ZnOx/CaO catalytic activity for ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
Authors: Fu Hongyu , Bai Haifeng , Abulizi Abulikemu , Okitsu Kenji , Maeda Yasuaki , Ren Tiezhen , Wang Shengyan
Published: November 2023

The production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) is very important for improvement of the environment and reduction of fossil fuel-based energy consumption.
Testing MURaM and MPS-ATLAS against the quiet solar spectrum
Authors: Witzke Veronika , Shapiro Alexander I. , Kostogryz Nadiia M. , Mauviard Lucien , Bhatia Tanayveer S. , Cameron Robert , Gizon Laurent , Przybylski Damien , Solanki Sami K. , Unruh Yvonne C. , Yue Li
Published: November 2023

Context. Three-dimensional (3D) radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are the only way to model stellar atmospheres without any ad hoc parameterisations. Several 3D radiative MHD codes have achieved good quantitative agreement with observables for our Sun.

Aims. We aim to validate the most recent version of the MURaM code by comparing MURaM results to well-established quiet-Sun measurements, in particular spatially averaged measurements that are relevant for stellar studies. This extends the number of solar observables that MURaM can reproduce with high precision. Our validation is an essential condition to ensure that MURaM can be used to accurately calculate the spectra of other cool stars.

Methods. We simulated the solar photosphere and upper convection zone, which harbours a small-scale-dynamo. Using time series of 3D snapshots, we calculated the spectral irradiance, limb darkening, and selected spectral lines, which we compared to observations.

Results. The computed observables agree well with the observations; in particular, the limb darkening of the quiet Sun is reproduced remarkably well.
Perceptual evaluation of an ambisonic auralization system of measured 3D acoustics
Authors: Fargeot Simon , Vidal Adrien , Aramaki Mitsuko , Kronland-Martinet Richard
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a perceptual experiment aimed at assessing the spatial quality of acoustic environment rendering using a 4th order ambisonic auralization system. A novel test protocol is developed for this purpose, based on comparing the perceived spatial attributes of sound sources in both real (in-situ) and virtual listening conditions (loudspeaker-based ambisonic auralization of measured SRIRs). The perceptual evaluation is conducted using a specific reporting method combined with a virtual reality interface, enabling simultaneous assessment of perceived distance, angular position, and apparent width of sound sources. The test is conducted in three “office like” rooms, varying in reverberation properties and size. The results highlight differences in spatial perception between (a) real rooms and (b) their reproduction through the auralization system. Overall, localization performance is worse in auralized conditions than in real conditions, as evidenced by a clear increase in localization errors in azimuth and elevation, along with an increase in reported source width. This study also reveals that the spatial accuracy of the auralization depends on the rooms being auralized.
Determinants of MSME Compliance in Paying Taxes (Case Study of Sea Product Processing MSME in Bintan District)
Authors: Lidya Rikayana Hadli , Septiana Gina , Haryadi Teddy , Uzaimi Achmad , Febriand Adel Jack
Published: November 2023

In Indonesia, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 59 of 2017. SDGs is a document that contains global goals and targets from 2016 to 2023. Funds are needed to support sustainable development so the government needs to have a source of funding. One of the largest sources of funding in Indonesia is taxes. State revenues from taxes account for more than 80% of all revenues received from 2017 to 2022. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of tax knowledge, taxpayer awareness, income, tax sanctions and tax services on taxpayer compliance. The object of the research is MSMEs processing sea products in Bintan Regency. This research used quantitative descriptive method. Results of the research are that awareness and level of service partially influence taxpayer compliance and knowledge, income and tax sanctions do not influence taxpayer compliance. Regression analysis calculations obtained R2 of 0.632. Thus, the Tax Knowledge, Taxpayer Awareness, Income, Tax Sanctions and Services variables can explain the Taxpayer Compliance variable by 63.2%, the remainder (36.8%) is explained by other variables.
Evaluation of Different Culture Methods on The Growth Performance of Seaweed (Kappaphycus striatum) in Pelakak Village Waters Lingga District
Authors: Muzahar Muzahar , Wulandari Rika , Septiani Putri Dwi , Yulianto Tri , Irawan Henky
Published: November 2023

The seaweed culture activities are relatively new and only few people perform them in Lingga District. Specifically, Kappaphycus striatum has recently been cultured for the last three culture periods. This condition causes the seaweed culturists have no appropriate data associated with a proper culture method, following the water characteristics around the culture area. A study regarding the different culture methods on the growth performance of K. striatum in Pelakak Village waters, Lingga District, Riau Islands has never been reported. This study aimed to determine the effect of different culture methods on the growth performance of Kappaphycus striatum seaweed. This study used a completely randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, namely bottom method (P1), off-bottom (P2), and longline method (P3). There were 351 seaweed seeds with 100 g weight per each seed, that are placed in nine culture plots. The culture plot was constructed as a 4 m × 1.5 m square with wooden stakes at both ends and polyethylene ropes installed at a distance of 0.5 m. Each rope stretch was tied at 0.3 m distance for seed planting. Parameters observed in this study were absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, and production rate of the seaweed. The results showed that the absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, and production rate were affected by the culture method (p<0.05). The seaweed group reared in a longline method (P3) obtained the best results, compared to other methods, at 2.34% per day for specific growth rate and 245.7 g/m2 for production rate. Therefore, the longline method can be applied in the Pelakak Village waters, Lingga District.
Study of the Utilization of Heavy Metal Biosorption (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni) with Chitosan from Crab and Kupang Shell Waste
Authors: Fitri Annisa , Eka Eka , Edelwis Tri Widya , Pardi Hilfi
Published: November 2023

Pollution is defined as the entry of an object, substance or energy into the aquatic environment that has a negative impact on living things. This study aims to determine the adsorbent absorption of crab shell ash and kupang ash to the levels of heavy metal chromium (Cr), CrChromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) in standard solution. Shell ash is made by calcination using a furnace at 900 ° C for ± 9 hours. The standard solution was added to the shell then stirred and allowed to stand for 8 hours. and for metal analysis using a Serum Spectrophotometer. metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomer. From the results of the study, it was found that the absorption capacity of crab and kupang ash on Fe and Cu metals reached 100%. The absorption capacity of the three metals on Co, Mn and Ni is not too different with values above 99%. Shell ash was able to absorb Cr more than the other compared to other shell ashes with a value of 99.91%.
The Assemblage of Carnivore Fish Composition (Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Haemulidae and Serranidae) of a Thousand Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Risandi Dwirama
Published: November 2023

The pivotal contribution of the Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, and Serranidae families to coral reef ecosystems, coupled with their significance as targets for fishing activities, underscores the importance of understanding their presence and population dynamics in formulating effective coastal management policies. Employing the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method, we conducted a carnivorous fish study at 14 station locations in the Thousand Islands. This group exhibited a diverse array of 17 species distributed across four families (Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, and Serranidae). Notably, Cephalopolis micropion emerged as the predominant carnivorous species, constituting 48.35% of the relative frequency. Site location KSBC.14 (Pari Island) displayed the highest diversity and abundance of carnivorous fish species, with 11 species and 1457 individuals per hectare (Ind./ha). KSBC.12 (Pramuka Island) also have highest abundance and additionally recorded the highest carnivorous fish biomass at 188.43 kg/ha. These findings provide valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of carnivorous fish populations, informing conservation and management strategies in coral reef ecosystems.
Estimated Carbon Stock In The Mangrove Sylvo-Ecotourism Area, Tanjung Piayu Village, Sei Beduk District, Batam Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Febrianti , Azizah Diana , Putra Romi Lenza , Febriansyah Pajri , Zakia Rahima , Tobing Bontor L. , Noordianto Muhammad Hendy , Rahinanto Bagtis Dwi
Published: November 2023

The mangrove ecosystem acts as a carbon absorber in the atmosphere with more absorption capacity than other types of forest ecosystems. The mangrove sylvo-ecotourism area in Tanjungpiayu Village, Batam City, is part of the forest and land rehabilitation program carried out by BPDAS Sei Jang Duriangkang in the Riau Islands region. In an effort to provide data and information regarding the potential for carbon absorption in mangrove forest ecosystems resulting from the rehabilitation program, it is necessary to calculate the stored carbon stock as a reference for monitoring in subsequent years. The research was carried out from August to September 2023. The method used was the roaming method without harvesting using an allometric model. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the value of biomass, carbon stock and CO2 absorption. The analysis results show that the average total mangrove biomass at the top surface (ABG) and below the surface (BGB) is 420.50 tons/Ha with a biomass composition of AGB of 265.23 tons/Ha, and BGB of 155.27 tons/Ha. Ha. The average value of total carbon stock is 197.63 tonC/Ha with a carbon stock composition of AGB of 124.66 tonC/Ha and BGB of 72.97 tonC/Ha. Furthermore, the average value of total carbon uptake is 724.65 CO2 e ton /Ha with a carbon uptake composition of ABG of 457.07 CO2 e ton /Ha and BGB of 267.58 CO2 e ton /Ha.
Reviving History: Strategies for Sustainable Healthy Settlement on Penyengat Island as a Cultural Treasure
Authors: Martias Indra , Rifardi Rifardi , Agrina Agrina , Suprayogi Imam
Published: November 2023

An example of a traditional coastal community imbued with Malay cultural elements may be seen on Penyengat Island, a tiny island in Indonesia’s Riau Archipelago Province. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has recommended Penyengat Island as a World Heritage site due to its 46 cultural heritage sites that are dispersed around the island. The increase in population occasionally requires more residential land, so many residents build housing on the remaining sites of cultural heritage buildings on Penyengat Island. This study aims to ascertain the sustainability situation and methods for planning wholesome communities in the coastal regions of Penyengat Island's cultural heritage. The method used was a Multidimensional Scale approach with the Rapid Appraisal-Index Sustainability of Settlement ordination technique to produce an arrangement strategy through a prospective analysis approach. Studies of the literature and field surveys were used to gather data. The sample used in this study was the head of the family with inclusion criteria. The results of the sustainability analysis showed that the value of the ecological dimension index in the range of 51.71 – 60.67 is entirely sustainable at RW1 to RW5. The economic dimension in the field of 40.46 – 48.23 is quite a sustainable status in RW1 to RW5. The socio-cultural size range of 48.97 – 51.78 is entirely sustainable at RW1 locations and RW2-RW5 sites are less sustainable. The institutional, legal dimension in the value range of 50.18-71.24 is entirely sustainable at RW1 to RW5 locations. Green infrastructure dimension in the value range of -0.12 – 6.72 unsustainable at locations R1 to RW5. The prospective analysis showed 11 critical attributes for developing a long-term settlement strategy for the cultural heritage of Penyengat Island’s coastal area. The primary strategy for settlement arrangement included (1) Strengthening institutions, governance, and settlement arrangement regulations and (2) Community empowerment. In summary, these two main strategies are critical factors in the sustainability of Penyengat Island as a residential area and cultural heritage that must be preserved. Furthermore, the private sector assumed responsibility for the holistic development of residential areas and cultural heritage on Penyengat Island.
The difference between threshold of oil sludge discharge to the sea based on MARPOL 1973/1978 and the provision of oil sludge threshold in Indonesia’s seawater quality regulation that causes pollution in Bintan Coast, Indonesia
Authors: Ferdi  , Arjuna Hendra , Syofyan Syofirman , Thahira Atika
Published: November 2023

The coast of Bintan, Indonesia, has long been polluted by oil sludge. pollution caused by oil sludge in coastal areas continues and worsens during the north monsoon season, and has not been resolved to date. This occurs because there are differences in determining the threshold for disposing of oil waste into the sea based on MARPOL 1973/1978 and the provision of oil sludge threshold in Indonesia’s seawater quality regulation that causes pollution in Bintan Coast, Indonesia. Research into this provision must be carried out immediately in order to stop the pollution that occurs. The research carried out is prescriptive research, which aims to obtain advice regarding what should be done about the problem being studied. Legal materials collected through field research and book research will be researched qualitatively. The results of its application provide an understanding of the realization of the correct implementation of the normative legal rules being investigated. So it is necessary to amend the threshold for oil waste disposal regulated in MARPOL by adapting to the sea water quality standard regulations for each country, especially in this case there is a clear difference in the threshold compared to the provision of oil sludge threshold in Indonesia.
PESTEL Analysis of Blue Economy Development Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Mahadiansar Mahadiansar , Alfiandri Alfiandri , Marliani Marliani
Published: November 2023

The Blue Economy, which prioritizes the sustainable use of marine resources to support inclusive economic growth and improve community welfare, is one of Indonesia's efforts to encourage sustainable economic development. In implementing the Blue Economy in Indonesia, several approaches must be taken, such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. The research method used is the Post-positivism method, which sees that social reality is formed by human construction. The research results show the importance of these approaches in ensuring the success of this program and maintaining better economic and environmental sustainability. The Blue Economy is expected to be able to contribute to encouraging sustainable and equitable economic development for the community. The importance of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal approaches in the Blue Economy must be implemented effectively to achieve this program's success. Economic sustainability and a healthy and sustainable environment must also be considered in developing the marine and fisheries economic sector
What Market Structures and Factor Influencing Tuna Exports? (Case Study: Indonesia)
Authors: Osmaleli Osmaleli , Hana Hana , Tridoyo Kusumastanto
Published: November 2023

Tuna is one of the main exports of fish from Indonesia and has great potential for export. Despite having great potential, Indonesia only ranks second as a tuna producing country in ASEAN. This study aims to (1) examine the structure of Indonesia's international tuna market, and (2) analyze the factors affecting Indonesia's tuna exports in the international market. The research method is secondary data. The methods of analysis are the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) and Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) and panel data regression. Novelty of this research that the market structure of fresh and frozen tuna is a perfectly competitive market, while canned tuna is an oligopoly. Indonesia's fresh, frozen and canned tuna has strong export competitiveness in the America and Japan as well as Indonesia is a rising star in the America, France and Bulgaria markets for canned tuna products. Analysis of panel regression data proves the variable which affects the value of Indonesia's tuna exports is the export price of tuna fish.
‘Care for Environment, Care for Each Other’: Environmental Values and GESI (Gender Equality and Social Inclusion) Institutionalization among Secondary Education Students in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Azhari , Niko Nikodemus , Charin Rizky Octa Putri , Casiavera  , Rahmi Khairi , Wahyudi Herry
Published: November 2023

This study evaluates Kepulauan Riau-Indonesia's efforts to infuse international environmental norms into the curriculum of coastal schools, crucial due to their vulnerability to climate change. The study explores whether this integration not only heightens environmental awareness but also nurtures empathy among students, fostering care for their peers and society. A survey of 400 secondary education students in Kepulauan Riau was conducted, gauging attitudes toward environmental issues and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI). The research aimed to assess the impact of the integrated curriculum on students' values and perceptions of others in the realm of environmental concerns. DiD analysis and ANCOVA revealed a significant link between the integrated curriculum and positive student values. Environmental education not only enhanced environmental awareness but also fostered empathy and care for peers and society. The integration of environmental education and GESI principles transformed students into socially responsible individuals, nurturing a sense of community. Educational institutions embracing environmental values play a transformative role. Schools integrating environmental education and GESI principles cultivate values transcending self-interest, fostering genuine empathy and care. This integration not only shapes environmentally conscious citizens but also nurtures a society characterized by compassion and solidarity, emphasizing the critical role of education in fostering social and environmental responsibility.
Theoretical analysis of transmission error in rack and pinion systems
Authors: Ulacia Ibai , Sánchez Miryam B. , Iñurritegui Aurea , Arana Aitor , Larrañaga Jon , Pedrero José I.
Published: November 2023

Rack and pinion drive systems are widely used in machine tools with long travel distances because the stiffness is independent of the travelled distance, in contrast to other drive systems such as ballscrews. Although the inherent backlash problem of gear systems has been solved by means of utilizing two pinions independently preloaded, the time-varying mesh stiffness causes periodic position differences between the motor encoder and table position, which is known as transmission error, and may lead to vibrations and dynamic load. Few experimental works have analyzed such transmission error, but there are no theoretical approaches in the scientific literature. Therefore, this work aims to first extend previous analytical and approximate equations for mesh stiffness of gearing to rack and pinion systems and validate them with finite element methods. Finally, the effect of geometry variations, such as pressure angle and tooth thickness tolerance, on transmission error is discussed.
Improving the wear resistance of 3D printed spur gears through a free-form tooth flank optimization process
Authors: Kalligeros Christos , Papalexis Christos , Georgiou Dimitrios , Krifos Dimitrios , Vakouftsis Christos , Terpos Klearchos , Goudas Konstantinos , Balis Panagiotis , Kontaris Theodoros , Kaisarlis Georgios , Tsolakis Antonios , Zalimidis Pavlos , Sapidis Nickolas , Provatidis Christopher G. , Spitas Vasilios
Published: November 2023

Involute gears have traditionally been the preferred choice for gear transmission systems due to their simplicity and interchangeability. However, there are applications where they do not provide the most durable and efficient solution. While the cost of implementing optimized non-involute gears in most applications often outweighs their comparative advantages, the advent of additive manufacturing has opened up possibilities for designers to explore alternative gear tooth profiles. This is particularly relevant in the realm of plastic gears, where optimized non-involute gears produced through 3D printing can address their primary drawbacks, such as surface durability and wear resistance. In this study, a comprehensive free-form optimization process was conducted to determine the optimal tooth profile that minimizes wear on 3D printed spur gears during operation. The tooth flank geometry was represented using a 4th order B-spline curve, and a genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimum positions of the control points aiming to minimize wear depth across the tooth flanks. The spur gears were manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) with PLA material. The parameters of the additive manufacturing process were experimentally fine-tuned to achieve the best possible accuracy. To evaluate the performance of the optimized free-form gears, two case studies were implemented, demonstrating that the optimized gears achieved a remarkable reduction of average wear depth by more than 50% and a reduction of maximum wear depth by more than 69% compared to standard involute gears. To further validate the effectiveness of the optimization method, experiments were carried out using an FZG test rig. The profiles of the tooth flanks were measured on a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) before and after the experiments to compare the wear depth against the standard involute gears. The results revealed a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the tooth flanks, with a reduction of wear depth of 44.1%.
Design, research, and production of gear wheels for mining machines
Authors: Ustynenko Oleksandr , Bondarenko Oleksiy , Klymenko Sergij , Riabchenko Sergij , Protasov Roman
Published: November 2023

The current state of the Ukrainian fuel and energy complex requires a continuous increase in coal production. As part of concept implementation for the coal industry development now created and introduced into serial production a new generation of mining machines. The most loaded element of mining machine is its gear wheels of cutting part. Calculations for the strength and durability of gearings have been carried out. The modelling of the teeth stress-strain state by the finite element method has also been carried out.

Works were carried out on the processing of parts of gearboxes of mining machines.

Investigations of the processes of blade processing of gears and shafts of gearboxes of coal combines were carried out. The state of the surface layer, the quality and accuracy of processing these parts with a blade tool made of superhard materials are determined. Researches of grinding of an involute profile of gear wheels of gearboxes of mining machines are carried out. A study was made of the surface quality and accuracy of gears after grinding with special abrasive wheels.

The influence of processing processes with a tool made of superhard materials on the strength and durability of gear drives of mining machines is determined.
Energy efficiency analysis of double suction centrifugal pumps with new impeller geometry
Authors: Tuleshov Amandyk , Issametova Madina , Askar Azhayev , Akzhan Tanysabayeva
Published: November 2023

The development of energy saving determines the importance of improving the efficiency of equipment that uses most of the energy consumed. Pumping equipment is one of the most significant consumers of electrical energy. Thus, the drive of pumps (mainly centrifugal pumps) at some CHPPs consumes up to 10 % of the total energy produced at the plant [1]. In general, the total share of consumption of pumping equipment operated in industry, according to various estimates, is from 15 to 25 % of all generated electricity. In this paper, a new impeller configuration (with variable blade curvature) for double suction centrifugal pumps with higher efficiency was proposed. The head and efficiency of centrifugal pump with different vane grids were compared. The main conclusions are that the static pressure and relative velocity have increased in the modernised impeller, leading to an increase in hydraulic and overall efficiency, the kinetic energy of turbulence has less pulsation. the operating point of the pump has shifted. In spite of the fact that the average integral efficiency has increased in the modified pump, the operating point of the pump is shifted to the side of decreasing flow by 1.5%. The theory of the variable curvature vane system was verified by computational methods.
Load carrying capacities of gears with a lattice structure body
Authors: Nestorovski Blagoja , Angeleska Elena , Avramov Nikola
Published: November 2023

Lattice structures are type of topology structures that have complex geometry, composed of multiplicated unit cells through which a pattern is generated. Lattice structures are of great interest in engineering due to their strength-to-weight ratio. There has been an increasing trend for their application as infill patterns in a variety of engineering parts and elements. However, the complexity of the lattice geometries, makes them difficult to be produced by conventional methods. Therefore, additive manufacturing technologies have been used as technologies for production of parts containing lattice structures. In this research, the focus is placed on analyzing various unit cell structures and their application in conventional gears as their structure body. One specific lattice structure is chosen and generated. Several characteristics of the lattice structure can vary, like the cell size, density, wall thickness etc. The lattice shape will remain the same for all the analysis. The lattice is optimized by weight reduction and maintaining load carrying capacity of the gears. Different samples are examined using FEM (Finite Element Method) in terms of determination the load carrying capacity. The results for the optimized gear body structures are elaborated, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for application of gears with a specific lattice structure are provided.
Technological aspects of grinding the side surfaces (relieving) of the teeth gear-cutting worm hobs
Authors: Sandler Aleksandr
Published: November 2023

Contact line geometry at relieving of tooth flanks of gear cutting hobs and functional relations for calculation of relieving machine setting parameters for achieving the required accuracy of the tooth profile of the generating rack are determined. They include the setting angle of the grinding wheel axis and profiles of grinding wheel active surfaces for each of the tooth flanks. A method of calculating the single setting angle of the grinding wheel axis for both tooth flanks of the hob is developed.
Patientencafé für Herz- oder Lungentransplantierte und Wartelistenpatienten
Authors: Busch Astrid
Published: November 2023

Die Sonnenstrahlen blinzelten durch die Wolken und die Blätter der Bäume malten tänzelnde Schatten auf den Weg von der Klinik zum ehemaligen Schülerinnen-Schwestern-Wohnheim, in dem ich vor fast 25 Jahren gewohnt hatte. Es war ein milder Tag Ende Mai und ich freute mich auf die Patient*innen und ihre Familien, die ich nach 3 Jahren Pandemie selten oder gar nicht mehr gesehen hatte.