bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematics and Researcher Proclivities in Product Design: History, Success, and Pivot to the Future
Authors: Moskowitz Howard , Moskowitz David , Sherman Robert , Gere Attila , Radvanyi Dalma , Zemel Ryan
Published: April 2021

We present a short history of product design, tracing its origins to statistics, market (consumer) research, and sensory analysis. Product design has been influenced by the proclivities and beliefs of its developers, as well as by corporate needs in the world of business. We show how these beliefs first expanded research into product design, but then contracted it as corporate demands changed. We finish with a new paradigm, appropriate for a business world where speed, cost, accuracy, and agility are the new foundations of success.
Thinking Like an Amora
Authors: Moskowitz Howard
Published: April 2021

This chapter deals with topics related to product development in a very complex market using original study tools, making a parallel with the Talmud and its principles. These are obviously metaphors, which, through application examples, allow us to predict consumer behavior.
Mass spectrometry-based serum lipidomics strategy to explore the mechanism of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. leaves in the treatment of ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Rongjin , Liu Shu , Liu Tianshu , Wu Jiajie , Zhang Hongxu , Sun Zhiheng , Liu Zhongying
Published: April 2021

This study utilized the lipidomics strategy combined with the quantification of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and inflammation level to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of ESL for ischemic stroke.
Mechanically rollable photodetectors enabled by centimetre-scale 2D MoS2 layer/TOCN composites
Authors: Yoo Changhyeon , Ko Tae-Jun , Han Sang Sub , Shawkat Mashiyat Sumaiya , Oh Kyu Hwan , Kim Bo Kyoung , Chung Hee-Suk , Jung Yeonwoong
Published: April 2021

Wafer-scale CVD-2D MoS2 layers integrated on cellulose TOCN substrates are configured into rollable 3D forms. These MoS2/TOCN composites exhibit intriguing photo-responsiveness unattainable with traditional photodetectors of fixed physical forms.
Segregation-controlled self-assembly of silver nanowire networks using a template-free solution-based process
Authors: Shin Ji Won , Lim Hyo-Ryoung , Cho Hong-Baek , Kwon Young-Tae , Choa Yong-Ho
Published: April 2021

Metal conductive patterning has been studied as an alternative to the most commonly used indium tin oxide electrodes.
Structural design of pyrene-functionalized TEMPO-containing polymers for enhanced electrochemical storage performance
Authors: Xue Wenwen , Mutlu Hatice , Li Hongjiao , Wenzel Wolfgang , Theato Patrick
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the importance of rational structural design of pyrene-functionalized radical (i.e. 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, TEMPO) copolymers for enhanced electrochemical performance by providing insightful guidance for designing high-performance polymer-based electrodes for energy storage applications.
Size-dependent hydrogen trapping in palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wang , Magnin Yann , Förster Daniel , Bourgon Julie , Len Thomas , Morfin Franck , Piccolo Laurent , Amara Hakim , Zlotea Claudia
Published: April 2021

The irreversible H trapping sites are the octahedral interstitials located at the subsurface of Pd nanoparticles.
Electrochemical sensing of pioglitazone hydrochloride on N-doped r-GO modified commercial electrodes
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava Monika , Prakash Rajiv
Published: April 2021

Sensing of pioglitazone hydrochloride power over porous Nr-GO modified electrodes.
Proximity-induced exponential amplification reaction triggered by proteins and small molecules
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Wang Hong-Peng , Dong Ruo-Lan , Li Si-Yao , Wang Zhi-Gang , Liu Shu-Lin , Pang Dai-Wen
Published: April 2021

A biosensor was designed based on proximity-induced exponential amplification reaction, which was suitable to detect proteins and small molecules.
Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed anti-arylmetallative cyclizations onto acyclic electron-deficient alkenes
Authors: Gillbard Simone M. , Green Harley , Argent Stephen P. , Lam Hon Wai
Published: April 2021

Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed reactions of (hetero)arylboronic acids or alkenylboronic acids with substrates containing an alkyne tethered to various acyclic electron-deficient alkenes are described.
Fabrication of single phase CsPbBr3 films via in situ metal reaction
Authors: Guo Lijia , Liu Manying , Lei Yan , Mi Liwei , Zheng Zhi
Published: April 2021

We developed an in situ metal reaction strategy to fabricate single phase CsPbBr3 films by reacting Pb precursors with a mixture of CsBr and HBr. The purity of the CsPbBr3 film can be controlled by tuning the thickness of sputtered Pb.
Removal mechanism and quantitative control of trichloroethylene in a post-plasma-catalytic system over Mn–Ce/HZSM-5 catalysts
Authors: Chang Tian , Chen Qingcai , Fan Hao , Shen Zhenxing , Zhang Bin , Huang Yu , Veerapandian Savita K. P. , De Geyter Nathalie , Morent Rino
Published: April 2021

The optimization of the TCE degradation process was achieved and the TCE degradation pathway in the PPC system was proposed.
Surface modified novel magnetically tuned halloysite functionalized sulfonic acid: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Gupta Princy , Sharma Chandan
Published: April 2021

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of magnetically tuned halloysite solid acid, the physiochemical properties of which are thoroughly studied using different characterization techniques and has been successfully used for the synthesis of bisamides and 4H-pyrans.
Enhanced selectivity of the CO2 reverse water–gas reaction over a Ni2P/CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Cui Sha , Wang Xiaosheng , Wang Luhui , Zheng Xianmin
Published: April 2021

A novel strategy for the application of Ni2P/CeO2 to the CO2 RWGS reaction is presented. Ni2P/CeO2 shows a high CO selectivity and stability, compared to Ni/CeO2, and would be a very promising catalyst for use in the CO2 RWGS reaction.
N-Heterocyclic silylenes as ambiphilic activators and ligands
Authors: Krahfuss Mirjam J. , Radius Udo
Published: April 2021

Recent developments of the use of N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), higher homologues of Arduengo-carbenes, as ambiphilic activators and ligands are highlighted and a comparison of NHSi ligands with NHC and phosphine ligands is provided.
Chemical components and chain-length distributions affecting quinoa starch digestibility and gel viscoelasticity after germination treatment
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Guan Xiao , Gong Bo , Li Cheng
Published: April 2021

Germination affects the starch digestibility and gel viscoelasticity of quinoa flour by modifying the amylose chain-length distributions.
Realizing poly(ethylene oxide) as a polymer for solid electrolytes in high voltage lithium batteries via simple modification of the cell setup
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Homann Gerrit , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: April 2021

Cell failure of polymer electrolytes is rather the result of short circuits instead of assumed electrolyte oxidation. A spacer with a constant and defined distance can avoid this failure, thus realize a benchmark system for a more systematic R&D.
Experimental measurement of local high temperature at the surface of gold nanorods using doped ZnGa2O4as a nanothermometer
Authors: Glais Estelle , Maître Agnès , Viana Bruno , Chanéac Corinne
Published: April 2021

Nanothermometry using luminescent particles is applied for the temperature readout of photoexcitated gold nanorods with high spatial resolution using common optical equipment highlighting the limitations of conventional thermometers and IR camera.
Correction: Bimetallic nanocatalysts supported on graphitic carbon nitride for sustainable energy development: the shape-structure–activity relation
Authors: Kuna Ewelina , Mrdenovic Dusan , Jönsson-Niedziółka Martin , Pieta Piotr , Pieta Izabela S.
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Bimetallic nanocatalysts supported on graphitic carbon nitride for sustainable energy development: the shape-structure–activity relation’ by Ewelina Kuna et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2021, 3, 1342–1351, DOI: 10.1039/D0NA01063D.
Lipid nanotubes as an organic template for the fabrication of carbon nanostructures by pyrolysis
Authors: Jajcevic Kristina , Sequeira Ashlin Mario , Kalbacova Jana , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Sugihara Kaori
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the fabrication of pyrolytic carbon nanostructures through pyrolysis of lipid nanotube templates.
Rational construction of K0.5V2O5 nanobelts/CNTs flexible cathode for multi-functional potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Zhuang Chenfei , Xu Junmin , Li Liang , Xu Tingting , Dai Shuge , Wang Xinchang , Li Xinjian , Wang Ye
Published: April 2021

The K0.5V2O5/CNTs film delivers good electrochemical performance as the cathode for both half and full KIBs. Interestingly, a cable-shaped KIB with the flexible cathode shows potentials as the power source of wearable electronics.
Rutile TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced photocatalytic oxygen evolution performance
Authors: Fu Bing , Wu Zhijiao , Guo Kai , Piao Lingyu
Published: April 2021

The controllable exposure of reactive crystal facets coupled with the coordinatively unsaturated site architecture is a novel and ideal approach to constructing an efficient photocatalytic system.
High speed growth of MAPbBr3 single crystals via low-temperature inverting solubility: enhancement of mobility and trap density for photodetector applications
Authors: Cho Yunae , Jung Hye Ri , Kim Yeon Soo , Kim Yejin , Park Joohee , Yoon Seokhyun , Lee Yousil , Cheon Miyeon , Jeong Se-young , Jo William
Published: April 2021

High-quality CH3NH3PbBr3 hybrid perovskite single crystal growth and outstanding optoelectronic application using the complete dissolution at low temperatures based on low temperature solubility, which has been demonstrated for the first time.
Composition processing property relationship of vitrimers Based on polyethyleneimine
Authors: Jarach Natanel , Golani Daniel , Asaf Ofer , Dodiuk Hanna , Shamir Yoav , Goldbourt Amir , Kenig Samuel , Naveh Naum
Published: April 2021

An innovative use of characterization methods to establish correlation between chemical composition and material properties in imine based RCBPs, and a novel understanding of chemical processes that occur during heating\ processing of such polymers.
Core growth of detonation nanodiamonds under high-pressure annealing
Authors: Bogdanov Denis , Bogdanov Alexander , Plotnikov Vladimir , Makarov Sergey , Yelisseyev Alexander , Chepurov Aleksei
Published: April 2021

The present paper reports the results of a study of the X-ray and Raman spectra of detonation nanodiamonds after high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) annealing at different temperatures.
Regulation of divalent metal ions to the aggregation and membrane damage of human islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers
Authors: Wang Yajie , Meng Feihong , Lu Tong , Wang Chunyun , Li Fei
Published: April 2021

Their is a counteraction between a decrease in the disruptive ability of metal-associated oligomer species and an increase in the quantity of oligomers promoted by the metal binding in the activity of hIAPP induced membrane damage.
An effective solution to simultaneously analyze size, mass and number concentration of polydisperse nanoplastics in a biological matrix: asymmetrical flow field fractionation coupled with a diode array detector and multiangle light scattering
Authors: Luo Xing-ling , Wu Ying-ting , Zhang Ling-yan , Li Ke-xin , Jia Tian-jiang , Chen Yi , Zhou Li-hong , Huang Pei-li
Published: April 2021

AF4-DAD-MALS is proposed to separate polydisperse nanoplastics and detect their size, mass and number concentration in a biological matrix.
Metal-doped bipyridine linked covalent organic framework films as a platform for photoelectrocatalysts
Authors: Hosokawa Tomoya , Tsuji Masaki , Tsuchida Kosei , Iwase Kazuyuki , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji , Kamiya Kazuhide
Published: April 2021

Metal-doped covalent organic framework films are a novel polymeric platform for photoelectrocatalysts.
An all-in-one and scalable carbon fibre-based evaporator by using the weaving craft for high-efficiency and stable solar desalination
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xiao Xingfang , Zhao Guomeng , Yang Hongjun , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti , Xu Weilin , Wang Xianbao
Published: April 2021

We report a woven carbon fiber-based, salt-resistant evaporator for solar desalination. Cotton yarns in the weft direction avoid carbon fiber separation and in the warp direction supply sufficient liquid for steam generation, with a high performance (1.87 kg m−2 h−1).
Correction: One-step conversion of CsPbBr3 into Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3@Ta2O5 core–shell microcrystals with enhanced stability and photoluminescence
Authors: Zhang Manli , Li Yao , Du Kaimin , Gao Xuan , Lu Yu , Wen Ding , Yao Shuang , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘One-step conversion of CsPbBr3 into Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3@Ta2O5 core–shell microcrystals with enhanced stability and photoluminescence’ by Manli Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 1228–1234, DOI: 10.1039/D0TC05039C.
Inositol pyrophosphates promote MYC polyubiquitination by FBW7 to regulate cell survival
Authors: Lolla Padmavathi , Shah Akruti , Unnikannan C.P. , Oddi Vineesha , Bhandari Rashna
Published: April 2021

The transcription factor MYC regulates cell survival and growth, and its level is tightly controlled in normal cells. We report that serine pyrophosphorylation — a posttranslational modification triggered by inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecules — controls MYC levels via regulated protein degradation. We find that endogenous MYC is stabilized and less polyubiquitinated in cells with reduced inositol pyrophosphates. We show that the inositol pyrophosphate 5-IP7 transfers its high-energy beta phosphate moiety to pre-phosphorylated serine residues in the central PEST domain of MYC. Loss of serine pyrophosphorylation in the PEST domain lowers the extent of MYC polyubiquitination and increases its stability. Fusion to the MYC PEST domain lowers the stability of GFP, but this effect is dependent on the extent of PEST domain pyrophosphorylation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 can bind directly to the PEST domain of MYC, and this interaction is exclusively dependent on serine pyrophosphorylation. A stabilized, pyrophosphorylation-deficient form of MYC increases cell death during growth stress in untransformed cells. Splenocytes from mice lacking IP6K1, a kinase responsible for the synthesis of 5-IP7, have higher levels of MYC, and show increased cell proliferation in response to mitogens, compared with splenocytes from wild type mice. Thus, control of MYC stability through a novel pyro-phosphodegron provides unexpected insight into the regulation of cell survival in response to environmental cues.
Prediction of hematocrit through imbalanced dataset of blood spectra
Authors: Decaro Cristoforo , Montanari Giovanni Battista , Bianconi Marco , Bellanca Gaetano
Published: April 2021

In spite of machine learning has been successfully used in a wide range of healthcare applications, there are several parameters that could influence the performance of a machine learning system. One of the big issues for a machine learning algorithm is related to imbalanced dataset. An imbalanced dataset occurs when the distribution of data is not uniform. This makes harder the implementation of accurate models. In this paper, intelligent models are implemented to predict the hematocrit level of blood starting from visible spectral data. The aim of this work is to show the effects of two balancing techniques (SMOTE and SMOTE+ENN) on the imbalanced dataset of blood spectra. Four different machine learning systems are fitted with imbalanced and balanced datasets and their performances are compared showing an improvement, in terms of accuracy, due to the use of balancing.
Consensus rule for wheat cultivar classification on VL, VNIR and SWIR imaging
Authors: Işık Şahin , Özkan Kemal , Demirez Duygu Zeynep , Seke Erol
Published: April 2021

To facilitate the quality assessment of wheat cultivars, diverse imaging tools and techniques have been applied in order to omit the expert decision, which can cause failure in the identification of the wheat cultivar's label and its quality simultaneously. To minimize the risks caused by the expert's decision, a promising framework for identification is greatly required to more effectively assess wheat type. Therefore, to be beneficial to this association, two methods have been developed by performing traditional and modern feature extraction algorithms on visible light (VL), visible near‐infrared (VNIR) and short‐wave infrared (SWIR) imaging as well as a fusion of these imaging systems. The proposed systems are called the bag of word (BoW) framework and convolutional neural networks (CNN) framework. With regard to wheat cultivar detection, the consensus rule has been established based on decisions predicted by CNN and BoW frameworks. The accuracy results obtained by consensus rule indicate that we have achieved 99.94% and 68.94% in case of CNN framework and BoW framework, respectively. Experimental results suggest that BoW features are not suitable to represent and match texture patterns such as repeated wheat kernels in an image, whereas CNN features always outperform handcrafted elements and properties for all datasets.
Risk‐adjustable stochastic schedule based on Sobol augmented Latin hypercube sampling considering correlation of wind power uncertainties
Authors: Ma Zeyang , Gao Jianwei , Hu Wenqiang , Dinavahi Venkata
Published: April 2021

The risks associated with wind power forecast (WF) deviations are of paramount importance to many power system participants (PSPs). However, traditional sampling approaches are computationally prohibitive to model these deviations. Additionally, setting a risk level for satisfying different PSPs receives little attention. This paper constructs a risk‐adjustable stochastic day‐ahead scheduling (RSDS) model to balance the risk requirements of PSPs, and proposes a Sobol‐augmented Latin Hypercube Sampling (SaLHS) approach to improve sampling efficiency for scenario generation process in RSDS. At first, SaLHS and D‐vine copula are combined to generate WF error scenarios for RSDS considering correlations of wind farms. Specifically, SaLHS improves the uniformity and removes the correlation of random samples. Then, a Glue‐VaR‐based generation adequacy index (GVGAI) is proposed to measure operational risk. By adjusting the parameters of GVGAI, a desirable risk level can be obtained considering requirements of different PSPs. Furthermore, a multi‐objective RSDS model is constructed considering operational cost and GVGAI. At last, an entropy‐Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment method is proposed to find the best compromise solution for RSDS model based on the Pareto front obtained by an ε‐constraint method. A modified IEEE‐RTS system is used to validate the effectiveness of proposed method via numerical simulations.
Low‐frequency performance of openable flexible double‐loop Rogowski coil
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Huang Hui , Jiao Chaoqun
Published: April 2021

Double‐loop Rogowski coils have become increasingly popular in the market because of their high sensitivity and flexible usage compared to their extended single‐loop coils. Due to the high number of turns (thousands) and its small turn diameter (<0.17 mm), it is very hard to draw 3D models of double‐loop coils with graphical software, let alone calculate electrical quantities by simulating them on the computer. To meet market's needs for designing high‐accuracy double‐loop coil, a method for calculating its low‐frequency coefficient of the double‐loop coil is presented. This calculation method is applicable to low‐frequency current‐carrying conductors of various geometric configurations. All experimental results verify the methods. Using this method, the errors of five typical double‐loop coils caused by three representative current‐carrying conductors are compared. The double‐loop coils are also compared with two relative single‐loop coils. These methods can quickly and accurately measure their errors of double‐loop coil with thousands of turns under different application environments. These methods are very useful for designing highly accurate double‐loop coils for a given application.
Pflege bei Mukoviszidose – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Köller Melanie , Meyer Cornelia
Published: April 2021

Leben mit der chronischen Erkrankung Mukoviszidose heißt heute: Leben mit einer gut erforschten Erkrankung, die aber vom Patienten und deren Familien und Angehörigen eine lebenslange Therapiedisziplin verlangt. Pflegerische Interventionen variieren in Intensität und Art innerhalb der verschiedenen Krankheitsstadien. Die Autorinnen geben einen Überblick über Diagnosestellung und Therapiemöglichkeiten und zeigen die wichtigsten Pflegeinterventionen, um Betroffene bestmöglich zu versorgen.
Kognitive Neurowissenschaft der psychischen Resilienz
Authors: Wackerhagen Carolin , Reppmann Zala , Riepenhausen Antje , Milos Veer Ilya , Walter Henrik
Published: April 2021

Resilienz, die Fähigkeit, trotz widriger Umstände psychisch gesund zu bleiben oder es wieder zu werden, ist ein Phänomen, das auch neurowissenschaftlich untersucht wird. Längsschnittliche neurowissenschaftliche Studien, in denen Resilienz als Ergebnis einer erfolgreichen Anpassung an Stress definiert wird, gibt es nur wenige. Erkenntnisse zur Neuropsychobiologie der Resilienz lassen sich jedoch aus Querschnittsstudien ableiten, in denen die Resilienz der Teilnehmenden retrospektiv eingeschätzt wurde. Dieser Artikel stellt ein biopsychosoziales Modell der Resilienz vor, fasst aktuelle neurowissenschaftliche Ergebnisse zusammen und macht methodische Vorschläge für die neurowissenschaftliche Resilienzforschung. Relevante neuronale/neuroendokrine Netzwerke der Resilienz sind das limbisch-kortikale Netzwerk der Stressreaktion, das meso-kortiko-striatale Netzwerk der Belohnungsverarbeitung sowie das Default Mode Netzwerk der interozeptiven Informationsverarbeitung. Kognitive und verhaltensbezogene Strategien, welche die Herunterregulation der Stressreaktion, die Heraufregulation positiven Erlebens sowie flexible Wechsel zwischen intro- und extrozeptiver Prozessierung ermöglichen, können Resilienz begünstigen.
Resilienzforschung und Prävention
Authors: Helmreich Isabella , Tüscher Oliver , Gilan Donya , Lutz Beat , Lieb Klaus
Published: April 2021

Das Leibniz-Institut für Resilienzforschung (LIR) vereint durch seine einzigartige interdisziplinäre Forschungsprogrammatik translationale, transdiagnostische und mehrdimensionale Resilienzforschung mit angewandter Gesundheitsprävention und Wissenstransfer in die Gesellschaft in einem Institut. Die aus der Grundlagen- und klinischen Resilienzforschung gewonnenen neurobiologischen und humanpsychologischen Erkenntnisse werden dazu genutzt, übergeordnete Resilienzmechanismen im Gehirn besser zu verstehen. Darauf basierend werden effektive und evidenzbasierte Präventionsprogramme entwickelt, die Betroffenen helfen, besser mit Stress, widrigen Lebensumständen und psychischen Erkrankungen umzugehen. Zudem wird dem Transfer der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse des LIR in die Fach- und allgemeine Öffentlichkeit ein besonderer Stellenwert eingeräumt. Durch seinen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Ansatz trägt das LIR nicht nur im Rahmen der Verhaltens-, sondern auch der Verhältnisprävention zur Vermeidung stressbedingter Folgeerkrankungen bei und hat somit ein hohes gesamtgesellschaftliches Präventionspotenzial.
Den Genderkäfig verlassen – Beachtung von Genderaspekten in der Behandlung männlicher Substanzabhängigkeit
Authors: Vosshagen Arnulf
Published: April 2021

Männer dominieren im Konsum und der Abhängigkeit von Alkohol und illegalen Drogen. Ein Bezug zur Lebenssituation von Männern und deren Art ihre Männlichkeit zu konstruieren, wird jedoch in der Suchttherapie, -forschung und Therapieausbildung selten gezogen. Die männliche Geschlechtsrolle stellt heute eine größere Pluralität zur Verfügung. Sie basiert jedoch weiterhin grundsätzlich auf traditionellen Elementen von Stärke und Invulnerabilität. Ein Diskurs unter Männern über die Gefahren und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten von männlichem Verhalten hat nicht wirklich begonnen. Stattdessen wächst global eher eine Rückentwicklung hin zu starren Frauen- und Männerbildern. Männer sterben jedoch nach wie vor früher als Frauen, häufig an Suizid und sind z. B. deutlich häufiger inhaftiert. Dieser Artikel fokussiert die enge Beziehung von Männern zur Substanzabhängigkeit und appelliert für eine gendersensible Beachtung männlicher Geschlechtsrollenaspekte in der Suchttherapie. Als Beispiele für ein mögliches Vorgehen wird auf ein Manual zum Thema und eine kürzlich erschienene Videoreihe verwiesen.
Alkylcarbagermatranes Permit an Alkylation-Terminated Catellani Reaction
Authors: Xiao Bin , Jiang Wei-Tao
Published: April 2021

We highlight our recent researches on an alkylation-terminated Catellani reaction using alkylcarbagermatranes. This strategy highlights the unique structure and property of alkylcarbagermatranes and also fills the gap in the Catellani reaction where alkylation termination was missing.
Spinal Perineural Cysts among European Patients
Authors: Kozłowski Piotr , Kalinowski Paweł , Kozłowska Magdalena , Jankiewicz Małgorzata , Budny Agnieszka , Starosławska Elżbieta , Burdan Franciszek
Published: April 2021

Background A perineural (Tarlov) cyst is a fluid-filled lesion occurring between the perineurium and the endoneurium of spinal nerve roots. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of perineural cysts, detected incidentally in patients with symptomatic degenerative disk disease.

Materials/methods The study was based on the retrospective data gathered during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations.

Results and Conclusions Out of 3,128 spinal MRI examinations, perineural cysts were detected in 286 patients (9%). The cysts were most commonly observed in the sacral region, followed by thoracic, cervical, and lumbar regions. Cysts were more common in women than in men and the average age of patients was 54.8 years. In the majority, a single cyst was found. The average longest dimension of the lesion was 11.72 mm.
Prehospital Impact on Family Members of Road Traffic Accident
Authors: Raju Birudu , R. Kanmani T. , Konar Subhas , Shukla Dhaval , kukkehalli Raghavendra
Published: April 2021

Background Prehospital care is nonexistent in most rural and semiurban areas. The implementation of golden hour care is still unachieved. The psychosocial problems of family members who accompany the traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors after road traffic accidents (RTA) are not given attention during prehospital care. Therefore, the current study was aimed to understand the prehospital psychosocial impact on family members.

Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency and Trauma Care Centre at National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru between July 2017 to April 2018. Forty-five (n = 45) referred family members providing care for trauma survivors were purposively recruited in the study. Structured checklists were administered to measure the psychological reactions and psychosocial problems experienced by the family members during prehospital care. Data analysis was analyzed using the R software 3.0.1 version.

Results TBI survivor's mean age was found to be 33 years (33.09 ± 13.20), of which males were 23 (51.1%) and females were 22 (48.9%), respectively. The result depicted first aid was provided by unskilled people after an average of 41 minutes (41 ± 30). The results further showed that family members had experienced agitation (100%), shock (82.2%), fatigue and headache (75.6%), depression (66.7%), feeling of hopelessness (55.6%) helplessness, and lack of support from family and financial constraints (48.9%) during prehospital care.

Conclusion Psychosocial interventions need to be provided during prehospital care by trained medical and psychiatric social work professionals to address the need of family members during the crisis.
Delirium Research in India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Kathiravan Sanjana , Dua Devakshi
Published: April 2021

Delirium is the most common psychiatric diagnoses encountered in patients with various medical-surgical illnesses, in all the treatment set-ups, with relatively higher incidence and prevalence in the intensive care units. As delirium is encountered in multiple specialties, it is important to understand the research on this diagnosis. This study aims to assess the research output involving patients of delirium from India. A comprehensive search was undertaken using Medline (PubMed) and other databases. Search words included were “delirium,” “delirious,” “delirium tremens” AND “India.” No filters were used. Internet and hand searches yielded 305 articles. Out of these articles, 151 had the terms “delirium,” “delirious,” “delirium tremens” in the title and these were included for the review. Additionally, 14 articles were included for the review, although these did not have these terms in the title, but delirium was one of the major outcome parameters in these studies. Majority of the papers were original articles (n= 81), and these were followed by, case reports (n= 58), review articles (n= 10), letter to the editor (not as case reports but as a communication;n= 13), editorials (n= 2) and one clinical practice guideline. Most of the original papers have either focused on epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, outcome, etc.), symptom profile, with occasional studies focusing on effectiveness of various pharmacological interventions. There is a dearth of research in the field of delirium from India. There is a lack of studies on biomarkers, evaluation of nonpharmacological interventions, and evaluation of prevention strategies. It is the need of the hour to carry out more studies to further our understanding of delirium in the Indian context.
Substrate-enhanced photothermal nano-imaging of surface polaritons in monolayer graphene
Authors: Menges Fabian , Yang Honghua , Berweger Samuel , Roy Anirban , Jiang Tao , Raschke Markus B.
Published: April 2021

Surface polaritons comprise a wealth of light–matter interactions with deep sub-wavelength scale confinement of electromagnetic modes. However, their nanoscale localized dissipation and thermalization processes are not readily accessible experimentally. Here, we introduce photothermal force microscopy to image surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in monolayer graphene through their non-radiative SiO2 substrate dissipation. We demonstrate the real-space SPP imaging via photo-induced atomic force detection, and from comparison with scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy imaging attribute the force response to substrate dissipation-enhanced thermal expansion. This work illustrates that nano-optical tip–sample induced dissipative forces facilitate a direct mechanical detection of surface polariton interactions with monolayer sensitivity.
Simulations of stably stratified flow past two spheres at Re = 300
Authors: Cocetta F. , Szmelter J. , Gillard M.
Published: April 2021

Flows past two spheres immersed in a horizontally moving, linearly stratified fluid are investigated at a moderate Reynolds number of 300. Characterization of flow patterns considers representative geometrical configurations defined by varying both the distance between the spheres and their relative orientation to the free stream direction. Simulations are performed on unstructured meshes chosen to accurately resolve the dynamics of fluids in regions close to the spheres for Froude numbers Fr∈[0.25,∞]. Results illustrate the evolution of boundary layers, separation, and the wakes interaction under the influence of a gravity induced buoyancy force. Computations utilize a limited area, nonhydrostatic model employing non-oscillatory forward-in-time integration based on the multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm. The model solves the Navier–Stokes equations in the incompressible Boussinnesq limit, suitable for describing a range of mesoscale atmospheric flows. Results demonstrate that stratification progressively dominates the flow patterns as the Froude number decreases and that the interactions between the two spheres' wakes bear a resemblance to atmospheric flows past hills.
Noise-based analysis of the reliability of silicon solar cells
Authors: Jia Xiaofei , He Liang
Published: April 2021

With silicon solar cells as the research object, this paper takes their nondestructive character and analyzes their quality with noise-based technology. Through the stress aging of samples and the testing of various types of noise, including 1/f noise, microplasma noise, and G-R noise, in the cells in the laboratory, the noise characteristics are analyzed. The research results show that noise is correlated with defects in silicon solar cells. The different types of noise can be used to characterize different parts and types of defects in the cells according to the mechanism of generation of noise and the failure physics of photovoltaic devices, and thereby, the evaluation of the quality and analysis of the reliability of solar cells can be achieved.
Coleophora deauratella (red clover casebearer).
Authors: Cottrell Vicki
Published: April 2021

Coleophora deauratella is a moth species native to Europe, eastern Siberia and the Middle East. It was introduced into North America in the 1960s, becoming a significant pest of Trifolium pratense seed crops in Ontario, Canada in 1989. Based on a study of genetic diversity from a limited number of European populations of C. deauratella, the most probable source of North American populations was found to be Switzerland; further sampling within Europe may improve geographical resolution of the source population. Within North America, C. deauratella has been identified as an invasive in Alberta and Ontario in Canada and Oregon and New York in the USA. It has been an invasive pest in New Zealand since its discovery there in 2015, where it has devastated T. pratense crops.
Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed).
Authors: Cortat Ghislaine
Published: April 2021

C. arvensis, commonly known as bindweed, is a climbing herbaceous perennial native to Eurasia. This species is present in most parts of the world where it has been accidentally introduced as a contaminant of both agricultural and horticultural seed. C. arvensis produces a long lived root system and up to 500 seeds per plant. This species can grow very rapidly where it competes with native vegetation and agricultural and horticultural crops for nutrients, moisture, light and space. As a result, neighbouring plants may become smothered leading to a decrease in biodiversity and a reduction in crop yield. Control of this species is difficult due to the longevity of seeds in the soil bank (up to 20 years) and the ability of small fragments of rhizome to produce new shoots.
Indian cassava mosaic virus (Indian cassava mosaic).
Authors: Alabi Olufemi J
Published: April 2021

Other than their countries of origin, India and Sri Lanka for ICMV and SLCMV, respectively, SLCMV has also been reported in India (Dutt et al., 2005; Jose et al., 2011) and Cambodia (Wang et al., 2016) while new strains of ICMV have been identified as causative agents of Jatropha curcas mosaic disease in Jatropha curcas from India (Snehi et al., 2012), Nigeria (Kashina et al., 2013) and Singapore (Wang et al., 2014). The primary means of spread of both viruses is via movement of infected cassava cuttings while secondary spread is facilitated by members of the Bemisia tabaci complex. Both ICMV and SLCMV are not on the IUCN or ISSG alert lis.
Salvinia molesta (kariba weed).
Authors: Parys Katherine , Mikulyuk Alison
Published: April 2021

S. molesta is a free-floating aquatic plant native to south-eastern Brazil. It has been spread widely throughout the world during the past 50 years and is invasive in a variety of aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers and rice paddies. Based on the environmental, economic and human health impacts, S. molesta ranks a close second behind water hyacinth on a list of the world's most noxious aquatic weeds. It has also been recently added onto the list of the world's 100 most invasive species.
Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort).
Authors: Heger Tina
Published: April 2021

S. inaequidens is a herbaceous perennial considered native to South Africa. It has spread rapidly in North and Central Europe following its accidental introduction from South Africa in wool exports. In the absence of rigorous phytosanitary controls, it is very likely to spread further along roads and railways. As its present realized niche differs to a large extent from its equilibrium niche (Vacchiano et al., 2013), it has to be expected that the species will spread into grasslands and pastures in the near future. S. inaequidens is a prolific achene producer, has vigorous growth and is toxic. Its economic impacts are currently minimal, and so far, no environmental impacts have been observed; however, due to its toxicity, its potential to spread into arable land should be considered a serious threat for cattle and human health. This species should in no case be considered for cultivation, even though its usefulness for health care (for example) has been demonstrated.
Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper).
Authors: Garcia-Moll Alberto
Published: April 2021

S. nitens (Thunberg) is a short-horned grasshopper classified in the Family Acrididae. It is native to southwestern North America, Central America and northern South America. It was first reported as invasive in the Hawaiian archipelago in 1964 and is now present on all the main Hawaiian islands. S. nitens is solitary and non-migratory, but under certain conditions can form swarms or outbreaks and cause damage to crops and native plant species. In 2002 and 2004 outbreaks on the Hawaiian island of Nihoa posed a threat to all the vegetation on the island, particularly endangered plant species.
Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

Genetics: The chromosome number reported for C. ternatea varies from 2n = 14 to 2n = 16 (Gandhi and Patil, 1993; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016). Breeding system: Flowers of C. ternatea are cleistogamous, but a small level of outcrossing occurs and most flowers are self-pollinated. In the wild, flowers are visited by insects, primarily bees (Staples, 1992). Physiology and Phenology: C. ternatea is a perennial climbing, scrambling or trailing herb with a strong woody rootstock. Individual plants may live for several years and grow into large vines if undisturbed. C. ternatea shows epigeal germination. The radicle emerges within 48-72 hours and seedlings emerge in 3-6 days. Early growth is rapid in warm moist conditions. This fast-growing herb can cover the ground in 4-6 weeks when sown at a population of 4 plants/m2 (Staples, 1992; Cook et al., 2005). Growth of established plants is mostly from the apices of the main axis and axillary branches; very few new shoots arise from ground level. Growth is more or less continuous in the tropics (Staples, 1992; Cook et al., 2005).In China, C. ternatea has been recorded flowering and fruiting from June to November (Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016). In Panama, it has been collected with flowers in February, April, July, August and November (Flora of Panama, 2016). In Costa Rica, flowering can occur throughout the year (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016). Pods mature in 8-10 weeks after flowering and break readily once fully dry. Hand-harvested seed often remains hard-seeded for a long time and requires scarification prior to sowing. Mechanical abrasion, hot water or sulphuric acid can be used to break this dormancy (Staples, 1992; Cook et al., 2005; FAO, 2016). Associations: As with other nitrogen-fixing legumes, C. ternatea has a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria (Cook et al., 2005). In cultivation, C. ternatea has been grown successfully with Pennisetum purpureum, Digitaria eriantha, Andropogon gayanus, Dichanthium aristatum, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, Sorghum bicolor, and Megathyrsus maximum (Cook et al., 2005). Environmental Requirements: C. ternatea prefers to grow in humid and sub-humid habitats at elevations from sea level to 1600-1800 m and mean annual temperature ranging from 15 to 28°C (Staples, 1992). It is adapted to a wide range of soil types from sandy to deep alluvial loams and heavy clays with pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.9 (McCosker and Osten, 1999; FAO, 2016). This species shows drought tolerance and it is able to grow in dry and semiarid habitats with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to 900 mm and survive for up to 5-6 months with only 400 mm of rainfall. C. ternatea also shows moderate frost tolerance and some tolerance to salinity conditions. This species does not tolerate flooding or waterlogging. It is normally grown in full sunlight but moderately shade-tolerant (Staples, 1992; Cook et al., 2005; FAO, 2016).
Populus alba (silver-leaf poplar).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick
Published: April 2021

P. alba, the white or silver-leaved poplar, is widely grown as an ornamental for its silvery foliage. It is a fast-growing tree utilized in afforestation and reforestation due to its resistance to drought, salt and wood borers. It is not as important commercially as poplar species of sect. Aigeiros, but its adaptation to warm conditions allows it to be cultivated in Mediterranean regions and in Central Asia. P. alba is widely used in interspecific breeding programmes to introduce valuable traits, such as high rooting ability of stem cuttings, into economically more valuable species, particularly P. tremula of sect. Populus. P. alba hybridizes readily with this closely related species, the resulting hybrid, known as grey poplar (Populus x canescens), being intermediate morphologically between its parents, with a thin, grey, downy coating on the leaves, which are also much less deeply lobed than in white poplar. It exhibits marked hybrid vigour, with trees displaying vigorous growth and reaching 40 m in height and over 1.5 m in trunk diameter, much larger than either of its parents.P. alba is suitable for propagation by tissue culture and is used as a subject for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.
Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine
Published: April 2021

S. parahyba is a fast growing tree, and is used widely in mixed plantations in Brazil for land reclamation, environmental purposes and also as an ornamental and shade tree. In some South American countries the species is used in agroforestry systems. In Ecuador, it has been planted since the 1980s for timber production; there are currently about 12,000 ha. Its low quality wood is mainly used for light boxes (such as for packing fruits) and corestock veneers. It is considered excellent for pulp and short-fibre paper production, with fibre length varying from 1.10 to 1.59 mm.
Integrating DATA 2000 Waiver Training into Undergraduate Medical Education: The Time is Now
Authors: Riser Elly , Holterman Leigh Ann , Maruti Sanchit , Brooklyn John R. , DeVoe Stephen G. , Tompkins Bradley J. , Drouin Jacqueline , Sobel Halle G.
Published: April 2021

Background

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from opioid use disorder (OUD). To prescribe MOUD, physicians must obtain a DEA waiver through requirements outlined in the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000). We developed an Addiction Medicine curriculum that features DATA 2000 waiver training at the Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine (LCOM).

Methods

All third-year medical students completed a virtual DATA 2000 waiver training at the commencement of clinical clerkships. We conducted a curriculum needs assessment followed by pre- and post-training surveys to evaluate MOUD pharmacology knowledge and best prescribing practices.

Results

Of LCOM students surveyed, 77.6% reported interest in being waivered to prescribed MOUD for OUD treatment. Third-year medical students demonstrated increases in both MOUD Pharmacology Knowledge from 64.2% to 84.8% (chi-squared = 40.8; p < .001) and MOUD Best Prescribing Practices from 55.9% to 75.2% (chi-squared = 29.9; p < .001).

Discussion

Surveys showed the majority of students felt waiver training was relevant to their future practice. An online DATA 2000 waiver training format effectively improved student knowledge of MOUD. Conclusion: This curriculum exposed medical students to DATA 2000 waiver training, MOUD pharmacology and best practices, and increased the number of future physicians eligible to treat OUD using MOUD.
Rab2 regulates presynaptic precursor vesicle biogenesis at the trans-Golgi
Authors: Götz Torsten W.B. , Puchkov Dmytro , Lysiuk Veronika , Lützkendorf Janine , Nikonenko Alexander G. , Quentin Christine , Lehmann Martin , Sigrist Stephan J. , Petzoldt Astrid G.
Published: April 2021

Reliable delivery of presynaptic material, including active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins from neuronal somata to synaptic terminals, is prerequisite for successful synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. However, molecular mechanisms controlling the somatic assembly of presynaptic precursors remain insufficiently understood. We show here that in mutants of the small GTPase Rab2, both active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins accumulated in the neuronal cell body at the trans-Golgi and were, consequently, depleted at synaptic terminals, provoking neurotransmission deficits. Ectopic presynaptic material accumulations consisted of heterogeneous vesicles and short tubules of 40 × 60 nm, segregating in subfractions either positive for active zone or synaptic vesicle proteins and LAMP1, a lysosomal membrane protein. Genetically, Rab2 acts upstream of Arl8, a lysosomal adaptor controlling axonal export of precursors. Collectively, we identified a Golgi-associated assembly sequence of presynaptic precursor biogenesis dependent on a Rab2-regulated protein export and sorting step at the trans-Golgi.