bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiochromic films in Radiation Hardness Space Application
Authors: Casolaro P , Campajola L , De Luca D
Published: June 2019

The characteristics of radiochromic films such as the direct visualization of radiation field, ease of use and data analysis are suited for the dosimetry monitoring in tests of radiation hardness space applications. In particular, in this work, in order to study the dependence of radiation type, energy and dose rate, as well as the dynamic range of EBT3 Gafchromic films, a set of films was exposed to radiation sources used in total ionizing dose (60Co gamma- and 90Sr/90Y beta-rays). The results have been found to be particularly suited for the employment of this kind of films in radiation hardness assurance tests.
Two-dimensional effects in Fowler-Nordheim field emission from transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Urban F , Passacantando M , Giubileo F , Iemmo L , Luongo G , Grillo A , Di Bartolomeo A
Published: June 2019

We report field emission from bilayer MoS
2 and monolayer WSe
2 synthesized by CVD on SiO
2/Si substrate. We show that the emitted current follows a Fowler-Nordheim model modified to account for the two-dimensional confinement of charge carriers. We derive the figures of merit of field emission and demonstrate that few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides are suitable for field emission applications.
Thermal Behaviour of Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 Glassy Alloy
Authors: Aji Daisman P.B. , Triyono  , Mujalis Yusep
Published: June 2019

Estimating entropy of glass cannot be performed using the time-dependent and irreversible part of the heat capacity (Cp
) which is measured in the glass-formation range. The difference of the estimate and the real change in entropy can be determined by calculating the change in the CpdT and CpdlnT integrals before and after isothermal annealing by using DSC. In this paper, we report this estimation difference for Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 glassy alloy. The minimized annealing results in the CpdlnT integrals for the cooling and the heating paths approach the same value. We affirm that entropy is an ensemble-averaged value since the Clausius limits show that the estimation of the residual entropy is not affected significantly by irreversibility and its value can be estimated from the Cp
data.
Removal and Kinetics Adsorption Fe (II) Ions in Ground Water using Sugarcane Bagasse of Various Treatments Adsorbent with Column Method
Authors: Halim ZU , Cut AR , Said AB
Published: June 2019

After the water adsorption process, the content of Fe (II) ion meets drinking water standard below 0.3 ppm. Based on the kinetic indicator of the absorption coefficient of correlation (R2), the adsorption rate constant k1 and k2 and the calculated qe and qe extrapolation data can be concluded the content of Fe (II) ions in groundwater above 0.3 ppm can cause serious problems for human health. A relatively effective, efficient, safe, environmentally friendly separation method is the adsorption method. The mechanism of adsorption of Fe (II) ions in the well water can be studied using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. Based on the experimental design, fixed variables consisted of 50 g of adsorbent, 20 mesh particle size, 10-liter adsorbate volume, 4liters/min flow rate and operating temperature at room temperature. The independent variable consists of contact time and the type of treatment of the adsorbent. Variation of contact time 0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180; 210; 240 minutes and type of adsorbent treatment: without treatment, physical treatment and chemical treatment (H2SO4 0.5N and NaOH 0.5N). The results showed that the adsorption of Fe (II) ion was influenced by contact time and type of adsorbent treatment. that the kinetic adsorption of Fe (II) ion is showing the second order pseudo adsorption kinetics with R2 value for the adsorbent without treatment: 9636, physical treatment: 0.9028, treatment with H2SO4 0.5N: 0.9578, treatment with NaOH 0.5N: 0.9967. Results of qe of adsorption kinetics for non-treated adsorbents: 0.224 mg/g, physical treatment: 0.257 mg/g, treatment with H2SO4 0.5N: 0.258 mg/g and NaOH treatment 0.5N: 0.218 mg/g.
The Effect of Chemical Composition on Grain Size and Formability of the Free-Lead Cu-30Zn Alloy: A Short Review
Authors: Ibrahim Akhyar , Rizal Samsul , Ali Nurdin , Huzni Syifaul
Published: June 2019

The increasing demand for free-lead Cu30Zn alloy for all industrial applications has prompted to develop the grain size and formability. One of the major challenges facing the researcher and industry is decreasing the formability and machinability which requires continuous improvements in design and fabrication techniques. The current trend for free-lead Cu30Zn alloy in these categories is reviewed. Results show that developments in free-lead Cu30Zn alloy are affected by a lot of factors such as chemical composition, microstructure, grain size, strain and hardness. A highly developed system with characteristics of compromised decision making became more favorable and initiated an interesting intervention since the casting, cold working, and heat treatment is controlled.
Effect of Metallization Condition on Mechanical Strength of Multi Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Authors: Yunus Azwar , Saifuddin
Published: June 2019

During each processing step of multicrystalline (mc) silicon solar cells production, it requires a good mechanical stability to avoid cell breakage. Therefore, wafers and cells with a good mechanical stability are absolutely important. The cracking of silicon wafer solar cells is one of the major failures of solar module. Hence, it is important to evaluate the mechanical strength of solar cells and influenced factor. The present work focuses on determining the effect of metallization conditions on mechanical strength of multi crystalline silicon solar cells. A 4-point bending method was used to measure the fracture strength and data is statistically evaluated by a Weibull analysis for interpretation of the flaws within the specimen. It was observed that drying temperature at 250 °C provides better results than 350 °C. It was found that the contact formation between metal layer and silicon wafer (i.e. eutectic layer) has a significant effect on mechanical properties of mc-silicon solar cells. Moreover, the mesh sizes of screen printing produce different thickness of metal layer without altering the strength of silicon wafer. It was discovered that the metallization process was responsible to alter the mechanical strength of mc-silicon solar cell. It is also observed that the crack can initiate from the edge and surface defects and propagate along the preferred crystallographic plane. It was found that the edge defects look like more dominant as crack initiation.
Optimization of Angle Adjustment Between Two Cutters’ Blades of Dry Areca Nut Peeling and Controlling Machine
Authors: Darmein  , Usman R. , Rusli
Published: June 2019

The peeling-machine of dry areca nut is currently not working optimally. The nuts remained unpeeled properly since the machine is not equipped with an automatic power breaker as the peeler process has been completed or the machine life time is continuously. Undoubtedly, this is less efficient and wasteful of energy. From this point of views, it is necessary to conduct advanced research on appropriate technology to modify the peeling-machine so that it can peel dry areca nuts to the maximum for all available sizes. The research method includes the assembly of areca peeling-machine with a modification of the angle between the two cutters’ blades, the dimensions of the main cutter shape 191 mm in diameter cylinders that can be arranged into 12 cutters function as a peeler and a second cutter 163 mm in diameter with 20 cutters function towards the skin through the exhaust channel, rotation in the equal direction of 800 rpm. The peeler process is set to the angle between the two cutters’ blades and directed to the further process so that the dried areca nut that has been cut can be separated between the seeds and the skin. That is the expected result of the peeling-machine that can peel the dry areca nuts for all sizes optimally.
Feasibility of Utilize Sidoarjo Mud as Replacement Material in Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Binder
Authors: Syukri  , Fauzi Amir , Majuar Edi , Mulizar
Published: June 2019

Sidoarjo mudflow (SM) is an alternative source material in the construction which was generated from natural disasters of volcano mudflow in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The source material of SM has high Si and Al content that contributed to geopolymer binder. Yet, it was categorized as low Ca content that caused prolong setting time in the geopolymer binder. This study aimed to increase the Ca content by incorporating the source material of SM in FA based geopolymer so that was able to provide short setting time in the field. The results showed that the particle properties of SM material were agglomerate irregular shape and rough surface. The increase of SM replacement caused the reduction of workability in fresh geopolymer mortar. Replacement of 40% SM in FA based geopolymer provided the short setting time less than 2.5 hours. The replacement of 15% SM in FA based geopolymer enhanced the compressive strength of 7.6%. However, the highest compressive strength of 9.4% was obtained by the replacement of 10% SM.
Effects of Ultraviolet-Enhanced Ozonation on Degradation of Ammonia and Urea in Fertilizer Plant Wastewater
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf AR , Mulana Farid , Said Syahiddin Dahlan
Published: June 2019

Ammonia and urea contained in fertilizer plant wastewater are pollutants to the environment. High concentration of ammonium and urea in wastewater can affects algae blooms in ecosystem which will generate various diseases in aquatic biota. It is known that there are many methods for degradation of ammonium and urea contained in fertilizer plant wastewater. One of potential method is ultraviolet-enhanced ozonation. Ozonation is oxidation with O3 that generates hydroxyl radicals which subsequently react with organic contaminants, while UV irradiation can break down O3 molecules and produce radical ions OH∗. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of the utilization of the ultraviolet-enhanced ozonation method in degradation of various initial ammonium (100-300 ppm) and urea concentration (100-300 ppm) in inlet feed of ozonation-UV irradiation combination system. Some important variables such as contact time (0-120 minutes) and ozone feed rate of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.21 g/h were evaluated. Degradation process was carried out in two steps; ozonation and UV irradiation. Ozonation process was carried out in a contacting tank at constant feed flow rate of 1.5 l/min and at room temperature, while UV irradiation process was conducted in pipeline equipped with UV lamp at various contact time. The ultraviolet-enhanced ozonation could degraded ammonium and urea nitrogen up to 83.6% and 63.8%, respectively, at ozone feed rate 1,21 g/h, contacting time 60 and 120 min, initial feed concentration of ammonia (100 ppm) and urea (40 ppm).
Polyurethane/Bentonite/Chitosan Blend for Improved Thermal and Protection Microorganisms for Paint Application
Authors: Rihayat T , Suryani  , Satriananda  , Yunus M , Sariadi  , Fitria
Published: June 2019

In this study polyurethane synthesis was carried out using the pre-polymer method using the reaction of Toulena Diisocyanate (TDI) with oleic acid-based palm oil polyols. To provide heat resistance properties for coating paint material, add bentonite (B) and chitosan (K) to polyurethane samples. The concentrations of bentonite and chitosan used were 1% b / b, 2% b / b and 3% b / b, respectively. Palm oil-based oleic acid polyol samples were analyzed for chemical compound structure using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) obtained by O-H group at a wavelength of 3437.15 cm-1. Preparation of bentonite and chitosan purification was done by adding cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide solution to bentonite solution and CH3 3 COOH 2% solution and NaOH into chitosan solution, successfully increasing the d-spacing layer with the acquisition of 1.144 nm to 1.513 nm in bentonite and 1.117 nm to 1.475 nm in chitosan and an increase in the value of heat resistance is evidenced by the results of observations using XRD and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).
Effect of ZnO / Clay Nanoparticles Concentration Ratios to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Cassava Starch Bioplastics Film for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Sariadi  , Harunsyah  , Raudah
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, conventional plastics are extensively used in almost daily activities such as the plastic packaging bags produced from polyethylene and polypropylene. However, the products from these polymers cause the environmental problem. To solve this problem the conventional plastic can replace with biodegradable plastic. The main objective of this study is to improve mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic by the addition of percent ratio ZnO/Clay nanoparticles as enforcement. All biodegradable plastic was formed by casting method. The addition of ZnO/clay nanoparticles in the plastic films was varied from 0:1%, 0.1:0.9%, 0.2:0.8%, 0.3:0.7%, 0.4:0.6%, 0.5:0.5%, 0.6:0.4%, 0.7:0.3%, 0.8:0.2% 0.9:0.1% and 1:0% (w/w) by weight of starch. Structural characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface morphologies of the plastic film were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that the tensile strength (TS) was improved significantly with the addition of ZnO/Clay nanoparticles. The optimum tensile strength obtained was 10.87 M.Pa on the additional of ZnO/Clay nanoparticles by 0.3:0.7% and plasticizer by 25%. Based on data of FTIR, the produced film plastic does not change the group function and it can be concluded that the interaction in biodegradable plastic produced was only a physical interaction. The biodegradable plastic based on cassava starch-ZnO/Clay nanoparticles and plasticizer glycerine showed that interesting mechanical properties being transparent and clear.
Utilization of Sunti Acid Extract as Electrolyte Gel for Used Batteries Recharge
Authors: Safitri R , Putri F U P , Koto M R , Marwan  , Syamsuddin Y
Published: June 2019

Carambola wuluh is one of Indonesia’s natural resources that is still less optimized in its utilization. Generally, people use Carambola wuluh only to be processed into sunti acid which is then used as a flavor enhancer in cooking. The content of oxalic acid in sunti acid can be utilized as a raw material for the gel electrolyte which will be used to recharge used batteries. This study aims to determine the potential of sunti acid extract for the recharging process of used batteries. The voltage obtained from the electrolyte gel of the sunti extract is greater when compared to the accuser voltage. The results showed that the best compositions for obtaining the optimum voltage and current strength was 7% (w / v), NaCl 1.25% (w / v) and Glycerol 40% (v / v) for the electrolyte gel and addition of 10% NaOH 1M and 0.01% KMnO4, based on the volume of the electrolyte gel, to increase the voltage and the strength of the resulting current. The results obtained are expected not only to turn on the LED lights and the motor drive (dynamo), but also be an alternative material for recharging used batteries.
IoT Techniques Implementation to Coordinate Single-phase Rooftop PVs in Three-phase LV Network
Authors: Safitri Nelly , Yassir  , Rachmawati  , Hayati Raisah
Published: June 2019

As the single-phase rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) are installed into the three-phase low voltage (LV) distribution network, the network voltage profiles become unbalanced. Although the load at the customer side has already imbalanced the network, as the single-phase rooftop PVs with random ratings of 1-5kW are installed, the power quality issues, such as voltage magnitude and angle, frequency, active and reactive powers become significantly noticeable. This is because of the grid infrastructure from plants to beyond the customer side is disrupted as several utility devices added into the network. This paper aims to implement the concept of several internets of things (IoT) techniques into the electric and communication infrastructures as they are virtuously cycling, enabling, amplifying and reinforcing the infrastructure development. This concept also applied to the voltage regulation technique (VRT), in order to improve the voltage unbalanced and other power quality issues. This communication-based VRT has been conducted by the authors in their previous studies. The results show that the concept of IoT techniques successfully implemented if both communication devices and technology properly selected and designed. Additionally, the considered classifying of the communication layers also plays an important role to coordinate sensors actuators and meters along the feeder of the LV network.
Prediction for Biodiesel Quality using the Dielectric Properties
Authors: Rahmawati
Published: June 2019

Measurement of the quality of biodiesel during the purification process is necessary to ensure biodiesel meets the required standards. Water and glycerol concentrate critical parameters of the quality of the final product of biodiesel. The impurities of biodiesel (water and glycerol) have a strong correlation with dielectric properties due to polarity changes. Measurement of electrical properties produces 14 dielectric parameters namely impedance (Z), Modulus Young (Y), Phase, Capacitation series (Cs), Parallel capacitance (Cp), Displacement (D), Series Inductance (Ls), Parallel Inductance (Lp), Electric charge (Q), Series Resistance (Rs), Conductance (G), Parallel Resistance (Rp), electric susceptibility (X) and induction field (B). Parameters selection are needed for the efficiency of determining the quality of biodiesel. The research objective is to predict the quality of biodiesel during the purification process using the selected dielectric parameter analysis. The process of selecting parameters uses feature selection (Relief) and quality classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The election results show the parameters related to the purity of biodiesel are parallel capacitance (Cp), series resistance (Rs), and impedance (Z) and parallel inductance (Lp) at weights greater than 0.05. Based on the test, the AUC (Area under ROC) value is 0.87, the accuracy is 0.94 for the quality that meets (YES) and that does not meet (NO) biodiesel quality requirements.
Production Potential Baby Corn (Zea Mays, L) From Some Variety in Bengkalis Riau
Authors: Surtinah
Published: June 2019

The land in Bengkalis is dominated by peat soil, which has low fertility, so to support the production of food crops, certain efforts are needed so that the land is efficient. Baby Corn is a type of fruit vegetable produced from corn plants harvested at a young age. Baby corn supply in Bengkalis comes from Pekanbaru, to reduce the amount of Baby Corn supply, the peat land must be empowered. Different varieties of corn will produce different production, even if planted in the same location. Testing of corn varieties on the condition of peatlands needs to be done to determine the potential of varieties to produce under these conditions. The purpose of this study was to obtain varieties that gave the best Baby Corn results in Pekanbaru. The treatment designs used five corn varieties, namely Bisi-1, P-12, C-7, CPI-1, and Aijuna. The environmental design used a completely randomized design. Data analysis used variance and continued with Duncan test at p 0.05. The results of the study showed that the P-12 variety was the highest yielding variety compared to the other four varieties. Adaptability of P-12 varieties is considered better than the other four varieties.
Decolorization of Reactive black-5 Dye by UV based photocatalytic with immobilized ZnO nanoparticles onto ceramic plate surface
Authors: Aditya W , Notodarmodjo S , Helmy Q
Published: June 2019

The textile wastewater contains components of dye and inorganic salts which are very dangerous when they are directly discharged into the water body without any prior treatment. In this study, the ability of immobilized ceramic/ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for decolorization of Reactive black 5 dyes was investigated. A laboratory scale of rotating disc type reactor with UV-C lamp and dip coating method to immobilize nanoparticles were used in this study. Ceramic/ZnO NPs were then characterized by SEM-EDS. EDS result has shown that 82% of ZnO NPs were dispersed on the ceramic surface with maximum catalyst dosage of 5.5 mg/cm2. It was achieved after 3 cycles of impregnation process at 500°C. Photocatalytic activity of ceramic/ZnO NPs was strongly depended on pH and RB5 initial concentration. It possesses the highest photocatalytic activity (100% of decolorization efficiency) at the extreme alkaline condition and low RB5 concentration (3 mg/L) after 90 min of treatment time.
Utilization of Durian Shell Waste With Janeng Pati as a Raw Material of Briquette for Renewable Energy
Authors: Irhamni  , Saudah  , Diana  , Ernilasari  , Suzanni M A
Published: June 2019

Bio-briquette is an alternative energy substitute for fuel produced from organic materials or agricultural waste (biomass) which is underutilized, especially durian shell waste. This study aims to see the effect of differences in ash content, heating value, and bio-briquette flame test. The making of this bio-briquette uses 1:2 starch from the bio-briquette weight, the bio-briquette particle size is 8 mesh. The bio-briquette is cylindrical. The result showed that the bio-briquette produced had met the fuel standards of households. Durian shell bio-briquette produces 7.7% ash content, the heat value produced is greater than 5000 cal/gr which is 5040 cal/gr with a 55-minute flame test. Based on the combustion test, the bio briquette.
Performance Evaluation on PV Panels with Cooling Optimization utilizing Phase Changing Materials
Authors: Fazri  , Rizal TA , Amin M , Hamdani
Published: June 2019

The performance of solar panels is very dependent on the absorption of solar radiation. Some of the absorbed energy is converted into electricity, while the rest transformed into heat. However, PV-panels may experience intense heat that causes heat radiation in PV-panels increases. This radiation on the PV panel has a negative impact on the output of electrical energy produced and has the potential to reduce the performance of the solar panel. Therefore, it is necessary to design a PV-Panel cooling system to maintain the temperature of the panel so as not to exceed its effective working temperature. The cooling media which is currently claimed to be relatively more effective than water or air coolers is a cooling medium based on Phase Change Material (PCM). PCM can absorb, store and release energy in the form of latent heat. The purpose of this study is to maintain the PV-panel temperature so as not to exceed the effective working temperature using PCM as a cooling medium. Currently, three PV-panels underwent a performance test. Two of them equipped with PCM-tallow based cooling systems, and PCM-paraffin, while the other one using no PCM and serves as a benchmark for the whole PV-panel cooling performance test result. Tests are carried out from 08:00 to 18:00 local time in bright air conditions. The variables used include the temperature distribution of the top of the panel, the middle panel, and the bottom panel. The results showed that the use of PCM-tallow and PCM-paraffin could maintain the temperature of solar panels below 50 °C, relatively better than the PV-panels that use air as a cooler.
Angle Setting Between Two Cutters’ Blades of Dried Areca Nut Peeling Machines Due to Increase Its Production
Authors: Darmein  , Usman Ramli , Rusli
Published: June 2019

Areca peeling machine is developed specifically for the setting angle between the two cutter blades, which creates a shear force in the incision of dried areca nuts so that it can improve the quality of the peeling results. This study aims to obtain energy-efficient technology that can increase the yield of stripping areca nuts on one machine. The research method that will be carried out is to arrange the cutting angle between the two cutters, it is expected that the dried areca nut can be peeled for all available sizes, from the smallest size, 14 mm to the largest one, 46 mm. Based on the results of peeling by setting the formed angles and by adjusting the varying distances obtained data on the size between (1 - 2.5) mm with the angle of 2.87 degrees, it produces 83.3 pieces peeled areca nut. The graph shows that the results are increased, whereas areca nuts are peeled and some are damaged and partially destroyed. From the obtained data of the number of round fruit and dried areca nuts reached 52.59%, and the time in-between and areca nut yield reached 42.77% while the number of dried areca nuts that were not peeled was 25.96%.
Modification Design of Shredded Meat Machine Using 1.5 Hp Motor Driver
Authors: Sumardi  , Hasrin
Published: June 2019

The high level of consumption of processed beef products is a promised business opportunity to be developed. The shift in people’s consumption patterns in consuming processed meat products from fresh meat into ready to eat processed products has encouraged some parties to develop technology in terms of processing beef. The way of making shredded meat is still conventional, using bare-hands, knives or forks to slice meat after cooked into a shredded part. Obviously, the process of making shredded meat is taking times, more power, and by pounding using forks is considered to be less safe for workers. The purpose of this study was to obtain a simpler beef machine for raw materials to make shredded meat using 1.5 horsepowers (hp) drive motor. Modified the design of construction by designing the casing cylinder, the hopper inlet and outlet, the tub and the table, developing a new machine that is able to be tested. 1 kg of beef so that the results of the measurement of the sound texture of the fiber consisted of 0.5 mm fiber thickness, 30mm length; 1mm fiber thickness, 35mm long and 1.5mm fiber thickness, 35mm long. The capacity of the results of beef steaming is 3.3 ounces/minute or 1kg per 3 minutes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the more the gap in the casing, the better the smoother the results could be.
Contractor Project Organization Problems on the Implementation of Building Construction at Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Hanif
Published: June 2019

The efforts to improve manpower quality are the efforts that are done by the contractor to improve its work quality. Improving the manpower quality principally influences of internal and external factors. The objective of this study is to answer the internal factors that influence project team performance quality in organization structure of contractor project at building construction implementation and to determine the variables that are needed to improve contractor enterprise quality. This research used a building construction project which have done in 2017 at Lhokseumawe city, collecting by disseminating Likert questionnaire. Respondents were chosen from contractor elements, those were project managers and field supervisors. This research used descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that the overlapping of job descriptions among division in project organization project, the ability to put workers in project, the ability of adaptation in any changes, the tools and machines condition that is used, and the time realization that appropriates to project schedule that is done, are the dominant sub aspects influenced project performance optimization. The influence of organization aspect, workers aspect, physical environment aspect, tools and technology that are used in project aspect, and team performance quality in contractor project organization aspect towards project performance optimization aspect was 69,6%.
Sorption Isotherm Models on Methylene Blue-Baking Filter Dust Activated Carbon
Authors: Raudah  , Fona Zahra , Habibah Ummi , Ulfa Amelia , Ayuni  , Maysarah  , SyuruFirrahmah
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal characteristics of methylene blue on baking filter dust carbon using three models of isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Baking filter dust from aluminum industrial waste was prepared as an adsorbent to adsorb methylene blue under room temperature. The BFD was prepared using KO + KI as impregnation agent. Isotherm characteristics were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. BFD-MB was contacted and stirred in a batch process, sampling was done in a specific interval of time in order to acquire the concentration adsorbed onto the BFD. Spectrophotometer UVVIS was used to analyze the absorbance of the MB samples and the concentrations were determined using the calibration method. According to the result, Freundlich model best fit adsorption system data sets studied in this work with the R2 0.949.
The Effects of Solvent Type on The Performance of Flat Sheet Polyethersulfone/Brij58 Membranes
Authors: Wahab M.Y. , Muchtar S. , Arahman N. , Mulyati S. , Riza M.
Published: June 2019

Selection of the appropriate solvent plays an important role in the characteristics of the membrane formation. Flat-sheet polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were formation via non-solvents induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. PES as a polymer, Brij58 as hydrophilic surfactant and three types of solvent were used to prepare the dope solution. This paper attempts to show the effects of three different solvents there are; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) on characterizations and performance of fabricated membranes. The fabricated membranes in this study were characterized by measuring water contact angle and mechanical properties. The performance of fabricated membranes was carried out using a dead-end ultrafiltration module. Solubility between solvent and non-solvent is an essential factor in the membrane formation process. The porosity of membrane fabricated from the system of PES/Brij/DMAc was higher than membrane made from another system, so that the water permeability of this membrane was higher than others. The membrane fabricated with DMAc as solvent had a tensile strength of 12.42 kgf/mm2.
Application of Fuzzy Quality on Dempster-shafer for Pest and Disease Diagnosing of Chili (Case Study on Tidal Swamp Land)
Authors: Muliadi  , Budiman Irwan , Sofyan Antar , Pratama Muhammad Adhitya , Nurdin
Published: June 2019

Expert systems are usually used only to help get the results of a diagnosis faster. In the expert system, a method usually used to support a diagnosis process. In this research using the method of Fuzzy and Dempster-Shafer. Fuzzy methods used to find the scale of values belief a fact with fuzzyfication process, while the Dempster-Shafer method used to combine pieces of the facts to calculate the likelihood of an event. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the method of Fuzzy and Dempster-Shafer can be applied to the expert system to provide disease diagnosis chili. Where the results of the expert system will produce a presentation about the likelihood of diagnosis of plant diseases chili. Fuzzy weights obtained are Low 0.15, Medium 0.4 and High 0.65.
Perceptron Partition Model to Minimize Input Matrix
Authors: Azmi Zulfian , Nasution Mahyuddin K.M. , Zarlis Muhammad. , Mawengkang Herman , Efendi Syahril
Published: June 2019

Implementation of Neuron Network model using Perceptron has not given optimal result in real time learning. The large number of inputs expressed in matrix form makes the process slower in pattern recognition. So, it takes characteristic to represent all the input matrices by using the partition method. By partitioning each input and with the best weight and using the activation function will produce an output value. And learning is valid in recognizing patterns only 1 iteration only. Further validation is done on the water mill control module with dissolved oxygen input, water pH, salinity and water temperature. With Perceptron Partition learning algorithm more real-time than perceptron model. Testing on the waterwheel input whether rotating or stopping by Matrix Laboratory software simulation.
Experimental Study of Heat-absorbent Foam Concrete Wall based Macro-encapsulation of Beef Tallow/Damar Gum in Building
Authors: Ismida Y , Amin M , Hamdani  , Amna U , Fazri  , Akbar C
Published: June 2019

Generally, the foam concrete that designs as the current building wall is without considering the heat absorbent. Therefore, it is necessary to find additional materials that able to absorb the heat energy. One of them is Phase Change Material (PCM). Beef tallow is an organic material of PCM that has a high heat storage capability. Commonly, an aggregate requires in the manufacture of foam concrete as reinforcement materials. This aggregate can be changed with macro-encapsulation of PCM. This study aimed to find the ability of foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum in absorb heat energy that will be applied in building walls. This research was conducted experimentally with the primary materials of cement, fine sand, water, foam agent, catalyst, sika, and macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum. This foam concrete wall was made with the dimension of 80 x 80 x 10 cm and varied with a mixture of beef tallow / damar gum of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The wall concrete heater was simulated with using four lamps with the power of 200 watts. The type-K thermocouple was placed on samples at 2 points, inside and on the surface which connected with Agilent 34970A. The results showed that the effect of adding PCM resulted in a decreasing of the temperature inside and on the surface of foam concrete walls. The amount of temperature decrease due to the addition of 5% PCM is from 51.9 °C to 44.7 °Cor decreased by 13.87% inside of foam concrete walls and 75.64 °C to 51.9 °C or down to 21.87% on the surface of foam concrete walls. Overall, this foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum is better to use as heat-absorbent in building wall application compare with foam concrete wall without using macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum.
Augmented Reality Application for Introduction Traditional House and Objects of Aceh
Authors: Mursyidah  , Indrawati  , Ramadhona
Published: June 2019

The traditional house is one of the highest culture of art value. Lack of knowledge about traditional houses and traditional Acehnese objects among the general public, making the cultural values of Aceh diminishing. Efforts to improve realization of Acehnese people to preserving a culture of Aceh, one of them is by making Augmented Reality technology as a medium to visualize traditional house and traditional Acehnese objects to be 3D animation. The method used in this research is marker based tracking. The software that used was Vuforia, blender 3D and unity. In this application, a user will find an animation traditional house of Aceh and 9 3D object traditional object of Aceh. Conclusions from the study are augmented reality technology can be applied to Android devices, with the best distance test results of a camera reading the marker is 20 cm to 60 cm and 0° to 40° for the best angle.
Application of Janeng Fruit (Dioscorea Hispida Dennst) on Mortality Killing the Golden Snails
Authors: Sami Muhammad , Fata Khairil
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soaking of tuber extracts on Janeng extract on mortality of golden snail, which had been carried out from April to September 2017 for six months in Blang Crum Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe City. The materials and tools were used in this research such as janeng tuber, pestl as test object, taro leaf, hand sprayer, blender, weighing scale, measuring cup, plastic container, scale container, net, rubber band, plastic rope, extract storage container, camera and writing instruments. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatment of janeng tuber extract consisting of: 0% concentration (control), 2.5% concentration, 5% concentration, 7.5% concentration, and 10%. Each treatment was repeated three times. The number of snails needed in the object of testing moluskasida 300 individuals (5 treatments x 3 replications x 20 snails). Snail death observations were carried out at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 hours after application. The results showed that the death of snails were influenced by the concentration of tuber extracts and the time of immersion (maceration). The highest mortality of snail was obtained by using 10% janeng tuber concentration and 75 hours maceration time of 86.7%.
A Feature Extraction Technique Based on Factor Analysis for Pulsed Eddy Current Defects Categorization
Authors: Latif Nurul A’in Ahmad , Abidin Ilham Mukriz Zainal , Azaman Noorhazleena , Jamaludin Nordin , Mokhtar Ainul Akmar
Published: June 2019

Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is an advance Non-destructive testing that is widely used in multiple industries for surface and subsurface defect detection. Normally, the conventional features extractions are conducted based on time to peak and peak value response. However, signals extraction could be a confusing for a thin specimen because times to peak for both surface and subsurface defects are occurred at almost similar time. This paper introduced the application of confirmatory Factor Analysis for defect categorizing for stainless steel thin plate. Through this statistical method, two categories of defects namely surface and subsurface defects are clearly to be distinguished between one to another.
A Millimetre-wave Probe for Fast Screening and Evaluation of Corrosion in Planar Conductors: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Li Wenjia , Li Yong , Tan Jianguo , Abidin Ilham Mukriz Zainal , Hu Jinhua , Chen Zhenmao , Wu Yongzhuo
Published: June 2019

Planar conductors are commonly used in critical mechanical structures. Due to high-temperature and high-pressure environment, corrosion may occur in in-service planar conductors, and seriously threatens structural integrity and safety. Hence, it is indispensable to detect and evaluate corrosion using Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques before structural failure. As a technique complementary to other Electromagnetic NDT methods, Microwave NDT is found to be advantageous in terms of high efficiency and accuracy in inspection of conductors subject to surface flaws. In this paper, a millimetre-wave probe for efficient detection and evaluation of corrosion in planar conductors is proposed and intensively investigated via simulation. A 3D Finite Element (FE) model of the proposed probe is established based on electromagnetic wave theory. The characteristics of the microwave propagation along with the mechanism regarding corrosion detection are intensively analysed. The probe structure and parameters are subsequently optimised in an effort to enhance the detectability, sensitivity and accuracy in corrosion evaluation. Besides, signal processing techniques involving extraction of features from the S-parameter in the function of frequency are investigated.
Optimising the acceptability and feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder in older adults
Authors: Lawrence Vanessa , Kimona Kate , Howard Robert J , Serfaty Marc A , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Livingston Gill , Wilkinson Philip , Walters Kate , Jones Rebecca , Wuthrich Viviana M , Gould Rebecca L
Published: June 2019

Background

generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in later life with a prevalence of 3–12%. Many only partially respond to cognitive behavioural therapy or pharmacotherapy and can be classified as treatment resistant. These patients experience poor quality of life, and are at increased risk of comorbid depression, falls and loneliness. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an emerging therapy, which may be particularly suited to this population, but has not been tailored to their needs.

Objectives

to optimise the acceptability and feasibility of ACT for older adults with treatment-resistant GAD.

Design

a person-based approach to ground the adapted ACT intervention in the perspectives and lives of those who will use it.

Methods

first, we conducted qualitative interviews with 15 older adults with GAD and 36 healthcare professionals to develop guiding principles to inform the intervention. Second, we consulted service users and clinical experts and interviewed the same 15 older adults using ‘think aloud’ techniques to enhance its acceptability and feasibility.

Results

in Stage 1, older adults’ concerns and needs were categorised in four themes: ‘Expert in one’s own condition’, ‘Deep seated coping strategies’, ‘Expert in therapy’ and ‘Support with implementation’. In Stage 2, implications for therapy were identified that included an early focus on values and ACT as a collaborative partnership, examining beliefs around ‘self as worrier’ and the role of avoidance, validating and accommodating individuals’ knowledge and experience and compensating for age-related cognitive changes.

Discussion

Our systematic approach combined rigour and transparency to develop a therapeutic intervention tailored to the specific needs of older adults with treatment-resistant GAD.
New horizons in arginine metabolism, ageing and chronic disease states
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A , Rodionov Roman N , McEvoy Mark , Zinellu Angelo , Carru Ciriaco , Sotgia Salvatore
Published: June 2019

The elucidation of the metabolic pathways of the amino acid arginine and their role in health and disease have been an intensive focus of basic and clinical research for over a century. The recent advent of robust analytical techniques for biomarker assessment in large population cohorts has allowed the investigation of the pathophysiological role of specific arginine metabolites in key chronic disease states in old age, particularly those characterised by a reduced synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide, with consequent vascular disease and atherosclerosis. Two arginine metabolites have been increasingly studied in regard to their potential role in risk stratification and in the identification of novel therapeutic targets: the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the arginine analogue homoarginine. Higher circulating concentrations of ADMA, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, have been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. By contrast, there is emerging evidence that homoarginine might exert cardioprotective effects. This review highlights recent advances in the biological and clinical role of ADMA and homoarginine in cardiovascular disease and other emerging fields, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and depression. It also discusses opportunities for future research directions with the ultimate goal of translating knowledge of arginine metabolism, and its role in health and disease, into the clinical care of older adults.
Back to Basics: Overdiagnosis Is About Unwarranted Diagnosis
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn
Published: June 2019

Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of unified measures. This spurs great controversies. Etymologically, overdiagnosis means too much diagnosis and stems from the inability to distinguish what is important from what is not. Accordingly, in order to grasp, measure, and handle overdiagnosis, we should revive medicine’s original goal and reconnect diagnosis to what matters to professionals and patients: knowledge and suffering, respectively. This will make overdiagnosis easier to define and measure, and eventually less difficult to reduce.
Strigolactones and their crosstalk with other phytohormones
Authors: Omoarelojie L O , Kulkarni M G , Finnie J F , Van Staden J
Published: June 2019

Background

Strigolactones (SLs) are a diverse class of butenolide-bearing phytohormones derived from the catabolism of carotenoids. They are associated with an increasing number of emerging regulatory roles in plant growth and development, including seed germination, root and shoot architecture patterning, nutrient acquisition, symbiotic and parasitic interactions, as well as mediation of plant responses to abiotic and biotic cues.

Scope

Here, we provide a concise overview of SL biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways and SL-mediated plant responses with a detailed discourse on the crosstalk(s) that exist between SLs/components of SL signalling and other phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates and salicylic acid.

Conclusion

SLs elicit their control on physiological and morphological processes via a direct or indirect influence on the activities of other hormones and/or integrants of signalling cascades of other growth regulators. These, among many others, include modulation of hormone content, transport and distribution within plant tissues, interference with or complete dependence on downstream signal components of other phytohormones, as well as acting synergistically or antagonistically with other hormones to elicit plant responses. Although much has been done to evince the effects of SL interactions with other hormones at the cell and whole plant levels, research attention must be channelled towards elucidating the precise molecular events that underlie these processes. More especially in the case of abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellin, jasmonates and salicylic acid for which very little has been reported about their hormonal crosstalk with SLs.
Mammalian Annotation Database for improved annotation and functional classification of Omics datasets from less well-annotated organisms
Authors: Bick Jochen T , Zeng Shuqin , Robinson Mark D , Ulbrich Susanne E , Bauersachs Stefan
Published: June 2019

Next-generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an increasing number of mammalian and other genomes allow gene expression studies, particularly RNA sequencing, in many non-model organisms. However, incomplete genome annotation and assignments of genes to functional annotation databases can lead to a substantial loss of information in downstream data analysis. To overcome this, we developed Mammalian Annotation Database tool (MAdb, https://madb.ethz.ch) to conveniently provide homologous gene information for selected mammalian species. The assignment between species is performed in three steps: (i) matching official gene symbols, (ii) using ortholog information contained in Ensembl Compara and (iii) pairwise BLAST comparisons of all transcripts. In addition, we developed a new tool (AnnOverlappeR) for the reliable assignment of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Ensembl gene IDs. The gene lists translated to gene IDs of well-annotated species such as a human can be used for improved functional annotation with relevant tools based on Gene Ontology and molecular pathway information. We tested the MAdb on a published RNA-seq data set for the pig and showed clearly improved overrepresentation analysis results based on the assigned human homologous gene identifiers. Using the MAdb revealed a similar list of human homologous genes and functional annotation results regardless of whether starting with gene IDs from NCBI or Ensembl. The MAdb database is accessible via a web interface and a Galaxy application.
The microbial challenge of winemaking: yeast-bacteria compatibility
Authors: Bartle Louise , Sumby Krista , Sundstrom Joanna , Jiranek Vladimir
Published: June 2019

The diversity and complexity of wine environments present challenges for predicting success of fermentation. In particular, compatibility between yeast and lactic acid bacteria is affected by chemical and physical parameters that are strain and cultivar specific. This review focuses on the impact of compound production by microbes and physical interactions between microbes that ultimately influence how yeast and bacteria may work together during fermentation. This review also highlights the importance of understanding microbial interactions for yeast-bacteria compatibility in the wine context.