bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model
(NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0): 2. Optimization scheme and identical
twin experiment of atmospheric CO2 inversion
Authors: Niwa Yosuke , Fujii Yosuke , Sawa Yousuke , Iida Yosuke , Ito Akihiko , Satoh Masaki , Imasu Ryoichi , Tsuboi Kazuhiro , Matsueda Hidekazu , Saigusa Nobuko
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A 4-dimensional variational method (4D-Var) is a popular technique for inverse modeling of atmospheric constituents, but it is not without problems. Using an icosahedral grid transport model and the 4D-Var method, a new atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) inversion system has been developed. The system combines off-line forward and adjoint models with a quasi-Newton optimization scheme. The new approach is then used to conduct identical twin experiments to investigate optimal system settings for an atmospheric CO2 inversion problem, and to demonstrate the validity of the new inversion system. It is found that a system of forward and adjoint models that has less model errors but with non-linearity performs better than another system that conserves linearity with exact adjoint relationship. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the prior error correlations is confirmed; the global error is reduced by about 15 % by adding prior error correlations that are simply designed. With the optimal setting, the new inversion system successfully reproduces the spatiotemporal variations of the surface fluxes, from regional (such as biomass burning) to a global scale. The optimization algorithm introduced in the new system does not require difficult decomposition of a matrix that establishes the correlation among the prior flux errors. This enables us to design the prior error covariance matrix more freely.
Atmospheric Inverse Modeling via Sparse Reconstruction
Authors: Hase Nils , Miller Scot M. , Maaß Peter , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Warneke Thorsten
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Many applications in atmospheric science involve ill-posed inverse problems. A crucial component of many inverse problems is the proper formulation of a priori knowledge about the unknown parameters. In most cases, this knowledge is expressed as a Gaussian prior. This formulation often performs well at capturing smoothed, large-scale processes but is often ill-equipped to capture localized structures like large point sources or localized hot spots. Over the last decade, scientists from a diverse array of applied math and engineering fields have developed sparse reconstruction techniques to identify localized structures. In this study we present a new regularization approach for ill-posed inverse problems in atmospheric science. It is based on Tikhonov regularization with sparsity constraint and allows bounds on the parameters. We enforce sparsity using a dictionary representation system. We analyze its performance in an atmospheric inverse modeling scenario by estimating anthropogenic US methane emissions from simulated atmospheric measurements. Different measures indicate that our sparse reconstruction approach is better able to capture large point sources or localized hot spots than other methods commonly used in atmospheric inversions. It captures the overall signal equally well, but adds details on the grid scale. This can be of great value in many research projects. We show an example for source estimation of synthetic methane emissions from the Barnett shale formation.
Benchmark levels for the consumptive water footprint of crop production for different environmental conditions: a case study for winter wheat in China
Authors: Zhuo La , Mekonnen Mesfin M. , Hoekstra Arjen Y.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Meeting growing food demands while simultaneously shrinking the water footprint (WF) of agricultural production is one of the greatest societal challenges. Benchmarks for the WF of crop production can serve as a reference and be helpful in setting WF reduction targets. The consumptive WF of crops, the consumption of rainwater stored in the soil (green WF), and the consumption of irrigation water (blue WF) over the crop growing period varies spatially and temporally depending on environmental factors like climate and soil. The study explores which environmental factors should be distinguished when determining benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of crops. Hereto we determine benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of winter wheat production in China for all separate years in the period 1961–2008, for rain-fed vs. irrigated croplands, for wet vs. dry years, for warm vs. cold years, for four different soil classes, and for two different climate zones. We simulate consumptive WFs of winter wheat production with the crop water productivity model AquaCrop at a 5 by 5 arcmin resolution, accounting for water stress only. The results show that (i) benchmark levels determined for individual years for the country as a whole remain within a range of ±20 % around long-term mean levels over 1961–2008, (ii) the WF benchmarks for irrigated winter wheat are 8–10 % larger than those for rain-fed winter wheat, (iii) WF benchmarks for wet years are 1–3 % smaller than for dry years, (iv) WF benchmarks for warm years are 7–8 % smaller than for cold years, (v) WF benchmarks differ by about 10–12 % across different soil texture classes, and (vi) WF benchmarks for the humid zone are 26–31 % smaller than for the arid zone, which has relatively higher reference evapotranspiration in general and lower yields in rain-fed fields. We conclude that when determining benchmark levels for the consumptive WF of a crop, it is useful to primarily distinguish between different climate zones. If actual consumptive WFs of winter wheat throughout China were reduced to the benchmark levels set by the best 25 % of Chinese winter wheat production (1224 m3 t−1 for arid areas and 841 m3 t−1 for humid areas), the water saving in an average year would be 53 % of the current water consumption at winter wheat fields in China. The majority of the yield increase and associated improvement in water productivity can be achieved in southern China.
Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India
Authors: Penny Gopal , Srinivasan Veena , Dronova Iryna , Lele Sharachchandra , Thompson Sally
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The complexity and heterogeneity of human water use over large spatial areas and decadal timescales can impede the understanding of hydrologic change, particularly in regions with sparse monitoring of the water cycle. In the Arkavathy watershed in south India, surface water inflows to major reservoirs decreased over a 40 year period during which urbanization, groundwater depletion, modification of the river network, and changes in agricultural practices also occurred. These multiple, co-varying drivers along with limited hydrological monitoring make attribution of the causes of water scarcity in the basin challenging, and limit the effectiveness of policy responses. We develop a novel, spatially distributed dataset to understand hydrologic change by characterizing trends in surface water area in nearly 1700 rainwater harvesting and irrigation structures known as tanks. Using an automated classification approach with subpixel unmixing, we classified water surface area in tanks in Landsat images from 1973 to 2010. The classification results compared well with a reference dataset of water surface area of tanks (R2 = 0.95). We modeled water surface area of 42 clusters of tanks in a multiple regression on simple hydrological covariates and time, and found distinguishable trends in water surface area in different regions of the watershed. Agricultural areas with considerable groundwater irrigation exhibited the strongest drying. Urban land use was associated with intra-urban drying, likely due to tank encroachment, and downstream periurban wetting, likely due to increased urban effluents. Disaggregating the watershed-scale hydrological response via remote sensing of surface water bodies over multiple decades yielded a spatially resolved characterization of hydrological change in an otherwise poorly monitored watershed. This approach presents an opportunity for understanding hydrological change in heavily managed watersheds where surface water bodies integrate upstream runoff and can be delineated using satellite imagery.
An upper limit for slow earthquakes zone: self-oscillatory behavior through the Hopf bifurcation mechanism from a model of spring-block under lubricated surfaces
Authors: Castellanos-Rodríguez Valentina , Campos-Cantón Eric , Barboza-Gudiño Rafael , Femat Ricardo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The complex oscillatory behavior of a springblock model is analyzed via the Hopf bifurcation mechanism. The mathematical springblock model is generated by considering the Dieterich–Ruinas's friction law and the Stribeck's effect. The existence of self-sustained oscillations in the transition zone – where slow earthquakes are generated within the frictionally unstable region – is determined. An upper limit for this region is proposed as a function of seismic parameters and frictional coefficients which are concerned with presence of fluids in the system. The importance of the characteristic length scale L, the implications of fluids, and the effects of external perturbations in the complex dynamic oscillatory behavior as well as in the stationary solution, are take into consideration.
Influence of atmospheric stratification on the integral scale and fractal dimension of turbulent flows
Authors: Tijera Manuel , Maqueda Gregorio , Yagüe Carlos
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this work the relation between integral scale and fractal dimension and the type of stratification in fully developed turbulence is analyzed. The integral scale corresponds to that in which energy from larger scales is incoming into a turbulent regime. One of the aims of this study is the understanding of the relation between the integral scale and the bulk Richardson number, which is one of the most widely used indicators of stability close to the ground in atmospheric studies. This parameter will allow us to verify the influence of the degree of stratification over the integral scale of the turbulent flows in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The influence of the diurnal and night cycles on the relationship between the fractal dimension and integral scale is also analyzed. The fractal dimension of wind components is a turbulent flow characteristic, as has been shown in previous works, where its relation to stability was highlighted. Fractal dimension and integral scale of the horizontal (u′) and vertical (w′) velocity fluctuations have been calculated using the mean wind direction as a framework. The scales are obtained using sonic anemometer data from three elevations 5.8, 13 and 32 m above the ground measured during the SABLES 98 field campaign (Cuxart et al., 2000). In order to estimate the integral scales, a method that combines the normalized autocorrelation function and the best Gaussian fit (R2 ≥  0.70) has been developed. Finally, by comparing, at the same height, the scales of u′ and w′ velocity components, it is found that the turbulent flows are almost always anisotropic.
Winter mass balance of Drangajökull ice cap (NW Iceland) derived from satellite sub-meter stereo images
Authors: Belart Joaquín M. C. , Berthier Etienne , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Anderson Leif S. , Pálsson Finnur , Thorsteinsson Thorsteinn , Howat Ian , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Jóhannesson Tómas , Jarosch Alexander H.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Sub-meter resolution satellite stereo images allow the generation of high resolution, accurate digital elevation models (DEMs). Repeated acquisitions of stereo images from Pléiades, in October 2014 and May 2015, and from WorldView2 (WV2), in February 2015, over Drangajökull ice cap (NW-Iceland) are used to estimate the geodetic glacier-wide mass balance on sub-annual time scales. Relative adjustment of the DEMs is performed with and without a pre-existing lidar DEM as source of ground control points (GCPs), and resulting statistics in snow-free and ice-free areas reveal similar vertical accuracy
Lefort y la Revolución húngara de 1956. La singularidad teórico-política de su interpretación
Authors: Eiff Leonardo
Published: November 2016

El artículo analiza el impacto de la Revolución húngara de 1956 en el pensamiento político de Claude Lefort desde sus comienzos como intelectual y militante de una organización revolucionaria hasta su consagrada teorización acerca de la democracia en contraposición con el totalitarismo. Para ello, el artículo reconstruye los rasgos principales de la Revolución húngara y recoge tres interpretaciones del suceso —la de Jean Paul Sartre, Raymond Aron y Hannah Arendt— a fin de contrastarlas con la de Claude Lefort; también, con idéntico fin, indaga las discrepancias en el seno de Socialisme ou barbarie ocasionadas como consecuencia del acontecimiento húngaro. En el plano teórico-político, el artículo pretende mostrar la relación estrecha entre democracia, revolución y emancipación en la noción de democracia salvaje movilizada por Lefort, revelando la existencia de un hilo conductor entre la ponderación lefortiana de la Revolución húngara y dicha noción crucial.
Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle in Three Dogs (Four Elbows)
Authors: Grand Jean-Guillaume Robert
Published: November 2016

Transcondylar screw fixation was performed using a minimally invasive percutaneous technique on three dogs (four elbows) diagnosed with incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. The technique was performed using an aiming device in all four elbow joints and assisted by intraoperative fluoroscopy in one. All screws were successfully placed on first attempt and no elbow joint required repositioning of the transcondylar screw. On immediate postoperative radiographs, median transcondylar screw angulation was 2.9° and median percentage of screw eccentricity relative to the theoretical center of the humeral condyle was 14%. No short-term postoperative complications (<1 mo) were observed. The surgical technique described is a feasible option for surgical management of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in dogs that allowed accurate transcondylar screw placement and orientation.
Thromboembolism in Dogs with Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Non-Neoplastic Chronic Small Intestinal Disease
Authors: Jacinto Ana M. L. , Ridyard Alison E. , Aroch Itamar , Watson Penny J. , Morrison Linda R. , Chandler Marge L. , Kuzi Sharon
Published: November 2016

Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) are suggested to be at increased risk of developing thromboembolic events. However, with some exceptions, there are very few reports of thromboembolism in such dogs. This multicentre retrospective observational study describes a case series of thromboembolism (TE) in eight dogs with PLE secondary to non-neoplastic, chronic small intestinal disease. Seven dogs had poorly controlled PLE when the thromboembolic event occurred. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) occurred in six dogs, while one dog developed splenic vein thrombosis and another had concurrent splenic vein and aortic TE. Six dogs died, all with PTE. Antithrombin activity was decreased in one of two dogs in which it was measured. Serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were measured in three dogs and cobalamin was subnormal in all three. Serum magnesium, measured in two dogs, was low in both. Dogs with uncontrolled chronic small intestinal disease and PLE are at risk for developing serious life-threatening TE, mostly PTE.
Use of PET/CT and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteosarcoma Metastases
Authors: Selmic Laura Elizabeth , Griffin Lynn R. , Nolan Michael W. , Custis James , Randall Elissa , Withrow Stephen J.
Published: November 2016

This case report describes the use of two new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma (OSA) in one dog. The dog was initially presented for positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) as full-body staging following amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of OSA of the proximal tibia. The initial PET/CT did not show evidence of metastatic disease. Six mo after OSA, diagnosis pulmonary metastatic nodules were identified and oral toceranib phosphate was initiated. Twelve mo postdiagnosis the dog developed neck pain and non-ambulatory tetraparesis and was diagnosed with a C7 vertebral metastatic lesion based on magnetic resonance imaging. A second PET/CT was performed to screen for further metastatic lesions, and a nodule within the right ischium was identified. The C7 and ischial lesions were treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). Sixteen mo postdiagnosis, a third PET/CT was performed due to increasing size of the pulmonary nodules and a right-sided liver metastasis was detected. The liver mass was treated with SRT. The PET/CT scans facilitated identification of gross metastatic lesions that were subsequently treated with SRT, which resulted in clinical improvement of the dog's neurological signs.
Intradural Dirofilariasis in a Dog with Chronic Cervical Pain
Authors: Bonawandt Kathleen Ann , Berg Jason M. , Joseph Richard J. , Stefanacci Joseph D.
Published: November 2016

A 7 yr old female spayed Yorkshire terrier was referred to the author's institute for a 5 mo history of recurrent cervical spinal pain. Neurologic examination did not reveal any deficits. Hematologic and serum analyses were within normal limits. Thoracic radiographs that incorporated the cervical spine did not show structural abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated a contrast enhancing, intradural extramedullary lesion at the level of the C2 vertebra. Hemilaminectomy was performed, during which a long, narrow nematode was visualized upon opening of the dura mater. The parasite was alive when removed during surgery, and the dog recovered with complete resolution of symptoms. The parasite was submitted and confirmed as a male adult Dirofilaria immitis. This is a novel case of an intradural D. immitis infection in the dog with a magnetic resonance imaging description of spinal D. immitis.
A Contribution of PAR for the Prevention and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes among the Elderly in Thailand
Authors: Bootsri Siripun , Nakornkate Kasam , Sukonthasab Suchitra
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: A rise in the number of elderly people in society increases the need for disease prevention and health promotion services as the growing figure entails more patients suffering from chronic illnesses, such as hypertension and diabetes. In order to prevent and control these non-communicable diseases, Participation Action Research (PAR) can be a powerful mechanism for engaging the elderly in PAR, and has the potential to provide a way to enhance the health of the elderly, consequently; it is necessary to design an appropriate health promotion model involving community participation.OBJECTIVE: This participation action research aims to develop a health promotion model integrating community participation for the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes in the elderly and to implement a local intervention.METHODS: Mixed methodologies of mainly a qualitative approach and a supported quantitative approach with a questionnaire were employed. This was community-based participatory action research in which the researchers and community partners were the main participants. The PAR model was developed interactively in collaboration with the setting of local administration, the public sector, and the private sector. The process involved assessing the situation, taking action to promote community participation based on the analysis, implementing the solution, and testing the model and evaluating the model applying the After Action Review (AAR) approach.RESULTS: A health promotion model was developed and then piloted by the community team. The model is designed to improve the health behavior of the elderly; preventing and controlling hypertension and diabetes; providing continuous health education, especially regarding the importance of nutrition; physical activity; stress management; and facilitating the access of the vulnerable elderly to health services. The results showed that all the sectors, namely, families, schools, and temples, were involved in every stage of the research. The research results indicate that the model can build community health-promotion capacity, partnership development, community health plans, and community innovation and build a supportive environment.CONCLUSION: The paper illustrates that PAR has the potential to provide a way to make the significant role of community participation in a project for the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes and for the promotion of healthy aging in a rural setting. Moreover, PAR can enhance program design and implementation based on the sharing of best practices and the active engagement of community members. In this way, the elderly can perceive benefits of group participation in enhancing their self-care ability, their sense of empowerment, and their ability to learn to prevent, control and sustain changes in their health behavior.
The Effect of Education Program of the Couples Based on the BASNEF Model on Spousal Support and Mental Health of Pregnant Women
Authors: Moridi Azam , Modarres Maryam , Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Forooshani Abas Rahimi
Published: November 2016

Pregnancy is a natural physiological phenomenon while during pregnancy women are exposed to physical and mental changes which can affect their health and fetus. This study aimed to study the effect of young couples programs based on the BASNEF model on the mental health spouse support of pregnant women in 2014 years. This study was a quasi-experimental study. Statistical population was selected including 125 couples who referred to health centers of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Centers were also selected through random cluster among health centers of Hormozgan and 2 centers were randomly assigned for implementation of intervention and 2 centers were selected as control. Training intervention was implemented on the basis of the BASNEF model which includes young couples training as face to face for four sessions of 60 minutes at health centers. 4 weeks after completing the training, post-test was performed. Instruments used in this study include 3 questionnaires: demographic information, BASNEF Model, spousal support, mental health assessment questionnaire, which was completed before and 4 weeks after the intervention in both intervention and control groups. Data was extracted and was analyzed using SPSS21 software. Average of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, behavior in the intervention group showed significant differences than the control group (P <0.001). The spouses support and Mental health scores in the intervention group showed no significant difference than the control group (P <0.001). The programmed trainings using health education model be used instead of education. Educating young couples be used instead of individual care of pregnant women and also help to promote family health with the presence of their wives in prenatal care and applied proper education.
Collaborative Practice – wat is het en wat brengt het?
Authors: van Arkel Wampie , van Noort Irene
Published: November 2016

Collaborative Practice – what is it and what are the benefits?

This article is about the process of Collaborative Practice, also known as Collaborative law, and more specific collaborative divorce. The aim of this article is to explain what the process entails, when it can be used, what the benefits for clients are and what a professional can gain by making this method his own.

The history of the Collaborative Practice process and the manner the process was introduced from the United States to Europe are reported. Furthermore, the development of the Collaborative Practice community in Europe, with a focus on the expansion in the Netherlands and Belgium, is described.

On the basis of a practical case the process will be explained and the findings, experiences and reviews from the multidisciplinary team and the clients will be exemplified.
Family cohesion: A study on caregiving daughters of parents with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Falcão Deusivania Vieira da Silva , Teodoro Maycoln Leoni Martins , Bucher-Maluschke Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro
Published: November 2016

In this regard, investigating these aspects might facilitate the evaluation of family relations and the development of interventions that create, keep, restore, or enhance the skills families need to better deal with the disease. Based on this information, the objective of this chapter is to present and discuss investigative research on family cohesion and hierarchy from the perspective of caregiver daughters of elderly with Alzheimer’s in four situations: before the disease, currently, in conflict, and ideally. 32 women caretakers and their respective parents (6 fathers and 26 mothers) diagnosed with possible or probable AD participated in the survey. The instruments used were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in an Open Interview with a Semi-Structured Script, and the Family System Test (FAST). We observed that before onset of the disease, the caregivers generally perceived themselves to have more hierarchy than their siblings, χ2(2) = 4.92, p < .10. The current situation showed a greater number of caregivers in higher hierarchical positions than their siblings (72%), and a lesser number of siblings than expected in higher hierarchical positions than the caregivers, χ2(2) = 18.32, p < .001. The ideal representation showed that most caregivers did not want themselves or any of their siblings to have more power than the other (66.7%), χ2(2) = 14.89, p < .001. Comparing conflict representations to ideal representations showed that family members demonstrated lower cohesion in conflict situations than in ideal situations, z = -2.86, p < .01.
Men hva' med kongen? Om tekstlingvistisk analyse
Authors: Togeby Ole
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Om vurderende udsagn og emotive prædikater
Authors: Glismann Otto
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Particles, Prefixes and Preposition Stranding
Authors: Herslund Michael
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Norman Fairclough: Discourse and Social Change
Authors: Madsen Helle Lehrmann
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Når den ene samtalepartner ikke er dansker
Authors: Glahn Esther
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Écriture og stil
Authors: Levy Jette Lundbo
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Ideo-lingvistik
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Nyhedsinterviewet: med barnet som gæst
Authors: Thomsen Zen Legêne
Published: November 2016

Adskillige studier har undersøgt hvilke praksisser der karakteriserer nyhedsinterviewinteraktion. Studierne har overvejende fokuseret på kritiske interviews med politikere og andre offentlige personer, og interviews med såkaldt almindelige mennesker er kun i begrænset omfang blevet beskrevet. Denne artikel undersøger med en konversationsanalytisk metode hvad der kendetegner nyhedsinterviews med børn i morgen-tv. Med afsæt i en diskussion af hvordan man som analytiker kan godtgøre om barneidentitet er relevant for deltagerne, argumenteres der for at barneidentitet ikke blot bliver gjort relevant når interviewpersonerne eksplicit tilskrives identiteter som ”12-årig” og ”elevrådsformand”; barneidentitet forekommer også at være relevant uden at kategorien eksplicit nævnes når (1) spørgsmålsdesignet indikerer at interviewpersonen ikke forventes at kunne svare fyldestgørende, når (2) interviewpersonens svar viser sig at være utilstrækkeligt, og når (3) det behandles som påfaldende at interviewpersonerne tilskrives identiteter som ”ekspert” og ”landmand” der almindeligvis forbindes med et voksent domæne. Der argumenteres videre for at den potentielle modsætning mellem identiteterne ”barn” og ”ekspert” kan være med til at forklare hvorfor journalister oplever børn som vanskelige at interviewe. Mikrosproglige analyser af hvordan barneidentitet gøres relevant i journalist-barn-interaktion, er vigtige fordi de kan være med til at kvalificere debatten om hvad der karakteriserer gode nyhedsinterviews med børn.
Tag sprog alvorligt! En oversigt over funktionel grammatik
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Ulla-Britt Kotsinas: Ungdomsspråk. Ord och stil
Authors: Kristiansen Tore
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Dialogiske genrer i den mundtlige diskurs
Authors: Møller Erik
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Tekstgennemgang (C.F. Jacobi's lovtale over ærkebiskop Absalon, 1769)
Authors: Karker Allan
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Göteborgkorpusen för talspråk
Authors: Allwood Jens , Grönqvist Leif , Ahlsén Elisabeth , Gunnarsson Magnus
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Kvantitativ terminologi. En sprogstatistisk tilgang til automatisk identifikation og udtrækning af teksttypiske og -begrænsede lemmata i fagsprogstekster
Authors: Blom Bjarne
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Pia Jarvad, Frans Gregersen, Lars Heltoft, Jørn Lund og Ole Togeby (red.): Sproglige åbninger. E som Erik, H som 70. Festskrift for Erik Hansen 18. september 2001
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Ortografien som handicap? Stavetilegnelse i Rødovre og Reykjavìk
Authors: Juul Holger , Sigurdsson Baldur
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Dansk Funktionel Lingvistik
Authors: Harder Peter
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Funktionel Diskurs Grammatik - og Funktionel Pragmatik
Authors: Thomsen Ole Nedergaard
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Om relationen mellem informationelle valg og forudsigelser i forståelsen af sekvenser af sætninger
Authors: Borchmann Simon
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Manuel og maskinel excerpering af neologismer
Authors: Halskov Jakob , Jarvad Pia
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
På godt forskelligt dansk
Authors: Ejstrup Michael
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Prosodiske fraser og syntaktisk struktur i spontan tale
Authors: Tøndering John
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Nøgle til lydskrift
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Infinitiv og ledsætning som subjekt i moderne dansk
Authors: Larsen Peter Harms
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Sjældne og sære sammensætninger
Authors: Andersen Margrethe Heidemann , Diderichsen Philip
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Dårligt fra start. En undersøgelse af børns sproghandlinger med fokus på den multiple lineære regressionsanalyse som redskab til at identificere signifikante forskelle
Authors: Hyttel-Sørensen Liva
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Samtalesprogets grammatik. Fire fænomener og nogle metodiske overvejelser
Authors: Brøcker Karen Kiil , Hamann Magnus Glenvad Tind , Jørgensen Maria , Lange Simon Bjerring , Mikkelsen Nicholas Hedegaard , Steensig Jakob
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Epistemisk positionering i dansk talesprog
Authors: Mortensen Janus
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
At filtrere og pakke data: repræsentationsproblemet
Authors: Karrebæk Martha Sif
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Sprogpsykologi, nogle emner og problemer
Authors: Hermann Jesper
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Et forsøg på at explicere begrebet "Semantisk struktur"
Authors: Andersen Peter Bøgh
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Om administrationen af ordet i samtaler
Authors: Larsen Peter Harms
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Synchronous beta rhythms of frontoparietal networks support only behaviorally relevant representations
Authors: Antzoulatos Evan G , Miller Earl K
Published: November 2016

Categorization has been associated with distributed networks of the primate brain, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Although category-selective spiking in PFC and PPC has been established, the frequency-dependent dynamic interactions of frontoparietal networks are largely unexplored. We trained monkeys to perform a delayed-match-to-spatial-category task while recording spikes and local field potentials from the PFC and PPC with multiple electrodes. We found category-selective beta- and delta-band synchrony between and within the areas. However, in addition to the categories, delta synchrony and spiking activity also reflected irrelevant stimulus dimensions. By contrast, beta synchrony only conveyed information about the task-relevant categories. Further, category-selective PFC neurons were synchronized with PPC beta oscillations, while neurons that carried irrelevant information were not. These results suggest that long-range beta-band synchrony could act as a filter that only supports neural representations of the variables relevant to the task at hand.
Measuring Risks of Organizational Failure in Contract Exchange Structures
Authors: Carboni Julia L.
Published: November 2016

Governmental agencies increasingly contract out service delivery, but have little understand- ing of the systemic risk associated with dependence on contractors in service delivery networks. In this study, affiliation network concepts are used to develop a structural index of government dependence on actors in service delivery networks without joint service delivery. Networks in- clude direct links to government funders and indirect links among contracted programs based on shared parent organizations. Understanding the structure of governance arrangements has practical implications for governance, in terms of understanding government dependence on a particular contractor and the risk associated with organizational failure of those contractors. Governance structures may also influence individual incentives to perform. This study makes two contributions to the governance literature. First, the study offers conceptualization of con- tracted programs as networked structures of exchange even where joint production does not oc- cur. Second, an index is proposed to capture the position of individual organizations in complex networks of exchange with government. This index can be used to determine the dependence of government on a specific actor in the service delivery network along with the risk to the network should a particular organization fail. This index can also be incorporated into statistical models of contract performance.
Nanoengineered Endocytic Biomaterials for Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Wang Yingxue , Sun Chunhui , Liu Zhaoying , Zhang Shengmin , Gao Ke , Yi Fan , Zhou Wenjuan , Liu Hong
Published: September 2024

Stem cells, ideal for the tissue repair and regeneration, possess extraordinary capabilities of multidirectional differentiation and self‐renewal. However, the limited spontaneous differentiation potential makes it challenging to harness them for tissue repair without external intervention. Although conventional approaches using biomolecules, small organic molecules, and ions have shown specific and effective functions, they face challenges such as in vivo diffusion and degradation, poor internalization, and side effects on adjacent cells. Nanoengineered biomaterials offer a solution by solidifying and nanosizing these soluble regulating molecules and ions, facilitating their uptake by stem cells. Once inside lysosomes, these nanoparticles release their contents in a controlled “molecule or ion storm,” efficiently altering the intracellular biological and chemical microenvironment to tune the differentiation of stem cells. This newly emerged approach for regulating stem cell fate has attracted much attention in recent years. This method has shown promising results and is poised to enhance clinical stem cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the design principles for nanoengineered biomaterials, discusses the categories and characteristics of nanoparticles, summarizes the application of nanoparticles in tissue repair and regeneration, and discusses the direction of nanoparticle‐enhanced stem cell therapy and prospects for its clinical application in regenerative medicine.
Mechanistic Understanding of the Underlying Energy Storage Mechanism of α‐MnO2‐based Pseudo‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Lei , Wang Zaifa , Cui Hantao , Guo Yunna , Ye Zhangran , Li Hui , Zhang Xinyu , Jia Peng , Zhang Qiaobao , Zhang Liqiang
Published: September 2024

Manganese dioxide (α‐MnO2) has attracted significant research interest in supercapacitors recently. However, the reaction mechanism of α‐MnO2 in supercapacitors remains unclear. Therefore, a nano‐supercapacitor using Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) is conducted and investigated the reaction mechanism of α‐MnO2 based on three ionic liquids (ILs). It found that in the aprotic ionic liquid (AIL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIMOTF), α‐MnO2 nanowires (NWs) undergo an oxidation reaction due to the presence of an active proton at the second position (H2) of the imidazole ring. As a result, α‐MnO2 NWs undergo a phase transition and transform into Mn3O4, exhibiting pseudo‐capacitive properties. Furthermore, characterization of the macroscopic α‐MnO2 electrodes after cycling reveals that after the initial charging cycles, the dominant energy storage mechanism of the supercapacitor transitions from pseudo‐capacitance to a dual‐layer capacitance formed by the combination of Mn3O4 and unreacted α‐MnO2. Simultaneously, due to the coexistence of these two energy storage mechanisms, the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor in EMIMOTF electrolyte reaches up to 80 F g−1, and the cycle number reaches as high as 1000 cycles. The results are expected to provide insights into the selection of electrolytes in supercapacitors and offer a fundamental understanding of the internal reaction mechanisms in capacitors.
Understanding the limitations of grain yield monitor technology to inform on‐farm research
Authors: Gauci Alysa , Fulton John , Shearer Scott , Barker David J. , Hawkins Elizabeth , Lindsey Alexander J.
Published: September 2024

Yield monitoring technology (YM) is a valuable tool to evaluate crop performance in on‐farm research (OFR). However, limited information exists on utilizing this technology to accurately inform OFR. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of grain yield monitor mass flow sensors to detect changes in corn (Zea mays L.) yield for different plot lengths, provide a recommended minimum plot length to utilize YM in OFR, and determine if differences in estimating yield existed between YMs. Six treatment lengths that varied in distance of intentional yield differences (7.6, 15.2, 30.5, 61.0, 121.9, and 243.8 m) were created by alternating high‐yield (202 kg N/ha application) and low‐yield (0 kg N/ha application) plots. A total of four grain YMs with impact‐style mass flow sensors were used within two commercially available combines. Yield comparisons were made between the plot combine and YMs to evaluate the accuracy of each technology for detecting the magnitude of yield change across lengths using analysis of variance and exponential regression curves. Results indicated that the mass flow sensors were not sensitive enough to detect quickly changing flow rates for alternating yield changes in small plot lengths. Minimum plot lengths ranged from 43 to 107 m depending on YM. Significant differences were observed between grain YMs from different manufacturers. Future work could evaluate the influence additional crops or smaller yield differences have on the optimum OFR plot length.
Growing at the arid edge: Anatomical variations in leaves are more extensive than in stems of five Mediterranean species across contrasting moisture regimes
Authors: Alon Asaf , Ginzburg Neta , Zemach Hanita , Voet Hillary , Cohen Shabtai , David‐Schwartz Rakefet
Published: September 2024

Premise

Increasing aridity in the Mediterranean region affects ecosystems and plant life. Various anatomical changes in plants help them cope with dry conditions. This study focused on anatomical differences in leaves and xylem of five co‐occurring Mediterranean plant species namely Quercus calliprinos, Pistacia palaestina, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus lycioides, and Phillyrea latifolia in wet and dry sites.

Methods

Stomatal density, stomatal length, leaf mass area, lamina composition, percentage of intercellular air spaces, and mesophyll cell area in leaves of plants in wet and dry sites were analyzed. Xylem anatomy was assessed through vessel length and area in branches.

Results

In the dry site, three species had increased stomatal density and decreased stomatal length. Four species had increased palisade mesophyll and reduced air space volume. In contrast, phenotypic changes in the xylem were less pronounced; vessel length was unaffected by site conditions, but vessel diameter decreased in two species. Intercellular air spaces proved to be the most dynamic anatomical feature. Quercus calliprinos had the most extensive anatomical changes; Rhamnus lycioides had only minor changes. All these changes were observed in comparison to the species in the wet site.

Conclusions

This study elucidated variations in anatomical responses in leaves among co‐occurring Mediterranean plant species and identified the most dynamic traits. Understanding these adaptations provides valuable insights into the ability of plants to thrive under changing climate conditions.
Diurnal patterns of floral volatile emissions in three species of Narcissus
Authors: Losch Florian , Weigend Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Premise

Plants generate a wide array of signals such as olfactory cues to attract and manipulate the response of pollinators. The present study addresses the temporal patterns of scent emission as an additional dimension to the scent composition. The expectation is that divergent floral function is reflected in divergent qualitative and temporal emission patterns.

Methods

We used GC‐ion mobility spectrometry with an integrated pre‐concentration for automated acquisition of the temporal trends in floral volatile emissions for N. viridiflorus, N. papyraceus, and N. cantabricus subsp. foliosus.

Results

We found a considerable increase in scent emissions and changes in scent composition for N. viridiflorus at night. This increase was particularly pronounced for aromatic substances such as benzyl acetate and p‐cresol. We found no diurnal patterns in N. papyraceus, despite a similar qualitative composition of floral volatiles. Narcissus cantabricus subsp. foliosus showed no diurnal patterns either and differed considerably in floral scent composition.

Conclusions

Scent composition, circadian emission patterns, and floral morphology indicate divergent, but partially overlapping pollinator communities. However, the limited pollinator data from the field only permits a tentative correlation between emission patterns and flower visitors. Narcissus papyraceus and N. cantabricus show no clear diurnal patterns and thus no adjustment to the activity patterns of their diurnal pollinators. In N. viridiflorus, timing of scent emission indicates an adaptation to nocturnal flower visitors, contradicting Macroglossum as the only reported pollinator. We propose that the legitimate pollinators of N. viridiflorus are nocturnal and are still unidentified.
Evaluating the Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Blood Phenylalanine Levels in Phenylketonuria Patients
Authors: Afseth Cassandra , Knutsen Josh , Lamborn Thomas , Vucko Erika , Havens Kirsten , Shim Soo , Baker Joshua
Published: September 2024

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disorder that causes the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in tissues, leading to intellectual disability, seizures, and socioemotional challenges. The role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in PKU management has not been formally studied, and this investigation evaluates the association between in‐home and in‐office factors on blood Phe levels in PKU patients. We conducted a retrospective chart review on over 200 patients attending the well‐resourced PKU Clinic at Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Data included patients' average Phe level, various demographic information, and CDC/ATSDR social vulnerability index (SVI) score. The analysis revealed no significant association between social vulnerability status and average Phe level. However, a significant correlation was found between sapropterin dihydrochloride use and average Phe level. Age interacted separately with sex assigned at birth, pegvaliase use, total Phe samples submitted, and the presence of genetic testing to significantly influence the average Phe level. This study highlights the multifactorial influences on PKU management and underscores the importance of social resources, such as clinic social workers and state‐provided formula, in modulating the effects of SDOH on PKU control. Further research in different healthcare settings is needed to understand the social determinants affecting PKU patients comprehensively, which will strengthen advocacy efforts for this population.
SF3B2 Haploinsufficiency Associated With Hirschprung Disease and Complex Cardiac Defect Without Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Del Viso Florencia , Zhou Dihong , Starling Susan , Fleming Emily , Saunders Carol
Published: September 2024

Haploinsufficiency of SF3B2 is associated with craniofacial microsomia, characterized by mandibular hypoplasia and microtia, often with preauricular tags or pits, epibulbar dermoids, and cleft palate. In addition, extracraniofacial anomalies may be present, such as skeletal, cardiac renal, and abnormalities of the central nervous system. Variants have been either de novo or inherited, and both inter‐ and intrafamilial variability has been observed. Here we describe a patient referred for exome sequencing for a complex congenital heart defect and Hirschsprung disease found by exome sequencing to be heterozygous for a loss of function variant, c.945dup (p.Val316SerfsTer5), in SF3B2. This variant was inherited from a parent with an isolated cardiac defect. Interestingly, neither have the defining craniofacial features or other dysmorphisms. This report further illustrates the degree of phenotypic variability seen in SF3B2‐related disease and expands the spectrum to include Hirschsprung disease.