bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault using Shallow Seismic Reflection in the Southern Section of the Longmenshan Fault Zone
Authors: Li Dahu , Liao Hua , Ding Zhifeng , Wu Pingping
Published: January 2017

A significant number of Chinese and international earthquake disaster surveys indicate active faults as the root cause of earthquakes. Areas along fault lines experience the most severe damage and a greater number of personal injuries compared to regions on either side of the fault. Therefore, by adopting the shallow seismic reflection method to accurately detect the location and distribution of active faults, and developing effective measures to evade active faults, we can reduce earthquake disaster damage and economic losses. On April 20, 2013, the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake occurred near the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault (SDF) in the southern section of the Longmenshan fault zone. Because of its relatively high rate of earthquake activity, complex seismo-tectonic environment, and unique geological conditions, achieving usable data with seismic reflection is not easy. For that reason, available shallow seismic data of the SDF is extremely scarce. In our work, we carefully designed a survey to meet the constraints of the project and we have identified the precise location and near-surface structural form of the NE-trending SDF in the disaster area of the earthquake. The seismic surveys were located in Shuangshi Town of Lushan County and Daxi of Baoxing County. The detection of the SDF provided a scientific basis for selecting sites for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction to avoid these active fault zones, and reduce possible disastrous losses that could be caused by future earthquakes.
Electric-Hydraulic Correlations in Layered Aquifers: A Case Study of the Surficial Aquifer of Emirate Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ikard Scott J. , Kress Wade
Published: January 2017

Longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance are bulk electrical properties of a geoelectric formation and can be correlated with the bulk transmissivity of an aquifer within the formation. In aquifers that are electrically-resistive relative to adjacent layers in a horizontally layered Earth, bulk transverse resistance has been shown to correlate with aquifer transmisivity. Conversely, in aquifers that are electrically-conductive relative to adjacent layers, a correlation between bulk longitudinal conductance and aquifer transmissivity has been demonstrated. In both cases, previous investigations have relied on small datasets that have yielded coefficients of determination (R2) that are typically in the range of 0.6 to 0.7 to substantiate these relations. This paper explores electric-hydraulic relations of the surficial aquifer of Emirate Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, by using a larger dataset compared to previous studies of these relations. Geophysical logs from 26 wells are used to correlate the bulk electrical properties of the aquifer, which are computed from deep electromagnetic (EM) induction resistivity logs, to the bulk transmissivity of the surficial aquifer, which is modeled from neutron porosity logs. The bulk longitudinal conductance was highly correlated (R2 = 0.8387) with the bulk transmissivity of the surficial aquifer. The bulk Dar-Zarrouk resistivity is negatively correlated with the aquifer transmissivity; an R2 value of −0.5604 is obtained.
Simultaneous Estimation of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure for PUNQ-S3 Model With a Damped Iterative-Ensemble-Kalman-Filter Technique
Authors: Zhang Yin , Fan Zhaoqi , Yang Daoyong , Li Heng , Patil Shirish
Published: January 2017

A damped iterative-ensemble-Kalman-filter (IEnKF) algorithm has been proposed to estimate relative permeability and capillary pressure curves simultaneously for the PUNQ-S3 model, while its performance has been compared with that of the CMOST module, iterative-ensemble-smoother (IES) algorithm, and traditional ensemble-Kalman-filter (EnKF) technique. The power-law model is used to represent the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves, while three-phase relative permeability for oil phase is determined by use of the modified Stone II model. By assimilating the observed production data, the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves are inversely, automatically, and successively updated, achieving an excellent agreement with the reference cases. Not only are the associated uncertainties reduced significantly during the updating process, but also each of the updated reservoir models predicts the production profile that is in good agreement with the reference cases. Although the damped IEnKF technique shows the highest accuracy on estimation results, history-matching results, and prediction performance for the PUNQ-S3 model, its computational expense is still high compared with the other three techniques. In addition, the variations in the ensemble of the updated reservoir models and production profiles of the damped IEnKF provide a robust and consistent framework for uncertainty analysis.
Modeling Patterns of Total Dissolved Solids Release from Central Appalachia, USA, Mine Spoils
Authors: Clark Elyse V. , Zipper Carl E. , Daniels W. Lee , Orndorff Zenah W. , Keefe Matthew J.
Published: January 2017

Surface mining in the central Appalachian coalfields (USA) influences water quality because the interaction of infiltrated waters and O2with freshly exposed mine spoils releases elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) to streams. Modeling and predicting the short‐ and long‐term TDS release potentials of mine spoils can aid in the management of current and future mining‐influenced watersheds and landscapes. In this study, the specific conductance (SC, a proxy variable for TDS) patterns of 39 mine spoils during a sequence of 40 leaching events were modeled using a five‐parameter nonlinear regression. Estimated parameter values were compared to six rapid spoil assessment techniques (RSATs) to assess predictive relationships between model parameters and RSATs. Spoil leachates reached maximum values, 1108 ± 161 μS cm−1on average, within the first three leaching events, then declined exponentially to a breakpoint at the 16th leaching event on average. After the breakpoint, SC release remained linear, with most spoil samples exhibiting declines in SC release with successive leaching events. The SC asymptote averaged 276 ± 25 μS cm−1. Only three samples had SCs >500 μS cm−1at the end of the 40 leaching events. Model parameters varied with mine spoil rock and weathering type, and RSATs were predictive of four model parameters. Unweathered samples released higher SCs throughout the leaching period relative to weathered samples, and rock type influenced the rate of SC release. The RSATs for SC, total S, and neutralization potential may best predict certain phases of mine spoil TDS release.

Core Ideas

Appalachian mine spoil specific conductance leaching patterns were modeled.

Weathering type influenced specific conductance at the beginning and end of the leaching period.

Rock type influenced rates of specific conductance release.

Considering all mine spoils, RSATs predicted four model parameters.
Impacts of EndemicMaoridrilusEarthworms (Megascolecidae) in Biosolids‐Amended Soil
Authors: Kim Young‐Nam , Robinson Brett , Horswell Jacqui , Boyer Stephane , Dickinson Nicholas
Published: January 2017

Biosolids can be a valuable fertilizer for agriculture and in ecological restoration, although there are concerns about contaminants. Earthworm activity, including vermicomposting of biosolids, may influence the efficacy of their use. We investigated how two New Zealand endemic anecic species ofMaoridrilus(cf.Eisenia fetida) responded to biosolids amendment and affected the mobility of nutrients and trace elements as well as greenhouse gas emissions in biosolids‐amended soil. Earthworms were incubated with mixtures of biosolids‐amended soil (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50% biosolids by volume) for 21 d. All species survived in the soil–biosolids mixtures but not in 100% biosolids. The native earthworms,Maoridrilus transalpinusandMaoridrilussp.2, increased KCl‐extractable NH4+and NO3−by up to 29%, substantially more thanE. fetida. All species significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and Ca(NO3)2–extractable Cu but significantly decreased dehydrogenase enzymes activity in biosolids‐amended soil. Concentrations of Ca(NO3)2–extractable Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, and Zn varied between earthworm species and with biosolids addition rates. New Zealand native earthworms exacerbated N2O emissions from soil, whereasE. fetidadid not.Eisenia fetidais clearly a preferred species for vermicomposting biosolids and is more tolerant of high concentrations of biosolids. However, New Zealand native earthworms may be more suitable for improving the fertility of soil amended with biosolids.

Core Ideas

Locally sourced earthworms are a potential resource for the treatment of biosolids‐amended soil.

Maoridrilusspp. increased biosolids mineralization more thanEisenia fetida.

Native earthworms enhanced microbial activity but increased N2O emission.
Passive Biological Treatment of Mine Water to Reduce Conductivity: Potential Designs, Challenges, and Research Needs
Authors: Smyntek Peter M. , Wagner Rachel C. , Krometis Leigh‐Anne , Sanchez Sergio Carvajal , Wynn‐Thompson Theresa , Strosnider William H. J.
Published: January 2017

The remediation of mine water to preserve receiving water quality has advanced substantially over the past half century, but prospective regulations to limit the conductivity of mining‐impacted waters pose a significant new challenge. Conventional approaches to reduce high levels of conductivity in these mine waters are often costly, requiring high levels of maintenance and significant inputs of energy and refined chemicals. In contrast, passive biological treatment (PBT) systems are a relatively low‐cost, low‐maintenance treatment technology for mine waters that have been used for over three decades. However, their practical ability to reduce conductivity is unclear, given previous research reports focused on the removal of metals, acidity, and solids. A systematic literature review to identify previous reports of PBT systems at the laboratory or field scale that include evaluations of changes in conductivity suggests that decreases in conductivity of 30 to 40% are achievable. Substantial variability in performance is common, however, and conductivity increased markedly in some systems. This variation may be associated with the dissolution of limestone, which is a key treatment material in some systems. Although the development of PBT to serve as pre‐, post‐, or stand‐alone treatment systems targeting conductivity may reduce overall treatment cost in some settings, optimization of these designs requires an increase in the number of published conductivity datasets from similar systems, detailed reports on the key ions contributing to elevated conductivity region to region, and further investigation of the underlying biochemical processes responsible for conductivity reductions.

Core Ideas

Passive treatment of mine waters is a low‐maintenance option for conductivity reduction.

Passive treatment systems can reduce conductivity by 30–40%, but efficacy is variable.

The use of limestone in passive treatment systems may prevent conductivity reduction.

More datasets on conductivity reduction by passive treatment systems are needed.

Regional ionic profiles of conductivity will improve passive treatment system design.
The Relationship between Land Use and Vulnerability to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in an Urban Watershed
Authors: Tasdighi Ali , Arabi Mazdak , Osmond Deanna L.
Published: January 2017

Characterization of the vulnerability of water bodies to pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources requires understanding the relationship between land use and water quality. This study aims (i) to explore the influence of upstream land use on annual stream water concentrations and loads of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) and (ii) to characterize the vulnerability of water bodies to TN and TP pollution as a function of land use under varying climatic conditions. Multiple linear regression models were used across 23 stream locations within the Jordan Lake watershed in North Carolina between 1992 and 2012 to explore land use–water quality relationships. The percentage of urban land use and wastewater treatment plant capacity were the most important factors with strong (R2 > 0.7) and significant (p < 0.01) positive correlations with annual TN and TP concentrations and loads. Percent agricultural land was negatively correlated with TN in 18 out of 21 yr of the study period. Using analysis of covariance, significant (p < 0.01) differences were determined between models developed for urban land use with TN and TP loads based on annual precipitation. Using concentrations instead of loads resulted in a nonsignificant difference between models for average and wet years. Finally, a procedure was developed to characterize the vulnerability to TN and TP pollution, computed as the probability of exceeding the nutrient standard limits. Results indicated that the vulnerability to TN and TP was controlled primarily by urban land use, with higher values in dry years than normal and wet years.

Core Ideas

Strong and significant relationships were found between land use and water quality.

Urban land/ wastewater treatment capacity were dominant factors in regression models.

Significant differences found between land use–water quality models for wet/dry years.

The impact of rainfall on land use–water quality models was better captured by loads.

Vulnerability to TN and TP were controlled by urban land use in dry years.
Increased Soluble Phosphorus Loads to Lake Erie: Unintended Consequences of Conservation Practices?
Authors: Jarvie Helen P. , Johnson Laura T. , Sharpley Andrew N. , Smith Douglas R. , Baker David B. , Bruulsema Tom W. , Confesor Remegio
Published: January 2017

Cumulative daily load time series show that the early 2000s marked a step‐change increase in riverine soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads entering the Western Lake Erie Basin from three major tributaries: the Maumee, Sandusky, and Raisin Rivers. These elevated SRP loads have been sustained over the last 12 yr. Empirical regression models were used to estimate the contributions from (i) increased runoff from changing weather and precipitation patterns and (ii) increased SRP delivery (the combined effects of increased source availability and/or increased transport efficiency of labile phosphorus [P] fractions). Approximately 65% of the SRP load increase after 2002 was attributable to increased SRP delivery, with higher runoff volumes accounting for the remaining 35%. Increased SRP delivery occurred concomitantly with declining watershed P budgets. However, within these watersheds, there have been long‐term, largescale changes in land management: reduced tillage to minimize erosion and particulate P loss, and increased tile drainage to improve field operations and profitability. These practices can inadvertently increase labile P fractions at the soil surface and transmission of soluble P via subsurface drainage. Our findings suggest that changes in agricultural practices, including some conservation practices designed to reduce erosion and particulate P transport, may have had unintended, cumulative, and converging impacts contributing to the increased SRP loads, reaching a critical threshold around 2002.

Core Ideas

A step‐change increase in river SRP loads to Lake Erie occurred in the early 2000s.

∼35% of the increased SRP loads was attributed to higher runoff volumes.

∼65% was from increased SRP delivery (source availability and transport efficiency).

Watershed P stores declined, but conservation tillage and tile drainage increased.

Well‐intentioned conservation measures may have contributed to increased SRP loads.
Effects on the Underlying Water Column by Extensive Floating Treatment Wetlands
Authors: Strosnider W. H. , Schultz S. E. , Strosnider K. A. Johnson , Nairn R. W.
Published: January 2017

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are an emerging engineering option with promise for simultaneous water quality improvement and habitat creation. Relatively little research has been published regarding their construction or effects on the underlying water column. In this field‐scale experiment, four different extensive FTW designs were constructed using minimal materials, including drainpipe, burlap, mulch, utility netting, and reused polyethylene bottles. The FTWs were then planted with Typha spp. (cattail) and Juncus effusus L. (common rush). Over 28 mo, the water column beneath FTWs in two test ponds was compared to that in an open water control pond. The ponds (190 ± 10 m2) were fed with well water enriched with nitrate to emulate agricultural ponds. Although observed differences were relatively small, statistically significant differences were noted. With respect to the control, waters underneath FTWs had lower dissolved oxygen, sulfate, nitrate, and pH, dampened diurnal temperature fluctuations, and greater alkalinity. The FTWs created habitat and were colonized by species of insects, birds, amphibians, snails, and spiders. Results indicated that Typha spp. is suitable for FTW creation. However, a more supportive planting matrix is suggested to encourage faster plant growth and protect against wind and wave action damage. Although plant growth was limited, results suggest that FTWs may be applied to encourage less aerobic and more organic rich and thermally insulated conditions for water quality improvement in agricultural ponds and other aquatic systems while also creating valuable habitat.

Core Ideas

Floating treatment wetlands have water quality and habitat creation promise.

Relatively little is known of their effects on the underlying water column.

Four different minimalist “extensive” designs were tested in a field‐scale experiment.

Habitat was created for insects, birds, amphibians, snails, and spiders.

Dissolved oxygen, sulfate, nitrate, and diurnal temperature range were decreased.
Fate and Effect of Antibiotics in Beef and Dairy Manure during Static and Turned Composting
Authors: Ray Partha , Chen Chaoqi , Knowlton Katharine F. , Pruden Amy , Xia Kang
Published: January 2017

Manure composting has general benefits for production of soil amendment, but the effects of composting on antibiotic persistence and effects of antibiotics on the composting process are not well‐characterized, especially for antibiotics commonly used in dairy cattle. This study provides a comprehensive, head‐to‐head, replicated comparison of the effect of static and turned composting on typical antibiotics used in beef and dairy cattle in their actual excreted form and corresponding influence on composting efficacy. Manure from steers (with or without chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin feeding) and dairy cows (with or without pirlimycin and cephapirin administration) were composted at small scale (wet mass: 20–22 kg) in triplicate under static and turned conditions adapted to represent US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Thermophilic temperature (>55°C) was attained and maintained for 3 d in all composts, with no measureable effect of compost method on the pattern, rate, or extent of disappearance of the antibiotics examined, except tylosin. Disappearance of all antibiotics, except pirlimycin, followed bi‐phasic first‐order kinetics. However, individual antibiotics displayed different fate patterns in response to the treatments. Reduction in concentration of chlortetracycline (71–84%) and tetracycline (66–72%) was substantial, while near‐complete removal of sulfamethazine (97–98%) and pirlimycin (100%) was achieved. Tylosin removal during composting was relatively poor. Both static and turned composting were generally effective for reducing most beef and dairy antibiotic residuals excreted in manure, with no apparent negative impact of antibiotics on the composting process, but with some antibiotics apparently more recalcitrant than others.

Core Ideas

Antibiotics excreted in their natural forms did not influence manure composting.

Antibiotic dissipation did not always follow single‐phase first‐order kinetics.

Composting enhanced antibiotic removal from manure, but tylosin was recalcitrant.
Dairy Manure Total Solid Levels Impact CH4 Flux and Abundance of Methanogenic Archaeal Communities
Authors: Habtewold J. , Gordon R. J. , Wood J. D. , Wagner‐Riddle C. , VanderZaag A. C. , Dunfield K. E.
Published: January 2017

Stored liquid dairy manures are methane (CH4) emission hotspots because of the large amount of slurry volatile solids (VS) converted into CH4 by methanogens under anaerobic conditions. Our research has indicated that a reduction of total solids (TS) of slurries before storage can reduce CH4 emissions. In the current study, methanogen abundance was characterized in tanks with different CH4 emissions. Using mesoscale slurry storage facilities equipped for continuous gaseous emission monitoring, we stored dairy slurries having TS from 9.5 to 0.3% for up to 6 mo. Samples were taken after Day 30 and Day 120 of the storage (20 May–16 Nov. 2010) from the upper and bottom layers of the slurries. Methanogenic communities were studied by targeting the gene encoding the α subunit methyl‐coenzyme M reductase (mcrA), which catalyzes the final step of methanogenesis. Interestingly, mean abundances of methanogens increased by ∼8 and 23% at the top and bottom sections, respectively, as slurry TS decreased from 9.5 to 0.3%. Cumulative CH4 emissions, however, decreased by ∼70% as slurry TS decreased from 9.5 to 0.3%. Nevertheless, compared with Day 30 of storage, mean abundances of methanogens were relatively higher at Day 120 (up to 19%), consistent with an increase in the cumulative CH4 emissions. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gel electrophoresis analysis indicated a low methanogen diversity, with most bands sequenced closely related to the genus Methanocorpusculum (>95% amino acid sequence similarity), the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Results suggest that available carbon substrate and not methanogen abundance may be limiting cumulative CH4 emissions at reduced TS levels of dairy slurries.

Core Ideas

Reduction of total solids levels of stored dairy slurry can reduce cumulative CH4 flux.

Abundance and activity of methanogens increase as dairy slurry total solids decrease.

Volatile solids‐to‐CH4 conversion rates appear to be higher as dairy slurry total solids decrease.

Substrate availability, not methanogen population, limits cumulative CH4 flux.
Methyl Red Decolorization Efficiency of a Korea Strain of Aspergillus sp. Immobilized into Different Polymeric Matrices
Authors: Kim Beom‐Su , Blaghen Mohamed , Lee Kang‐Min
Published: January 2017

Intensive research studies have revealed that fungal decolorization of dye wastewater is a promising replacement for the current process of dye wastewater decolorization. The authors isolated an Aspergillus sp. from the effluent of a textile industry area in Korea and assessed the effects of a variety of operational parameters on the decolorization of methyl red (MR) by this strain of Aspergillus sp. This Aspergillus sp. was then immobilized by entrapment in several polymeric matrices and the effects of operational conditions on MR decolorization were investigated again. The optimal decolorization activity of this Aspergillus sp. was observed in 1% glucose at a temperature of 37 °C and pH of 6.0. Furthermore, stable decolorization efficiency was observed when fungal biomass was immobilized into alginate gel during repeated batch experiment. These results suggest that the Aspergillus sp. isolated in Korea could be used to treat industrial wastewaters containing MR dye.
Pengembangan Model Jenjang Karir Perawat Klinis di Unit Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit
Authors: Kolibu Febi Kornela , Hariyanto Tatong , Pusparahaju Arhwinda
Published: January 2017

Perawat klinik di RSBB terdiri dari pegawai tetap dan pegawai kontrak. Pengembangan karir yang selama ini dilaksanakan di RSBB berdasarkan masa kerja dan pelatihan yang diikuti oleh perawat belum dilaksanakan sesuai dengan jenjang karir profesional perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengembangan karir perawat klinik di rumah sakit Baptis Batu (RSBB) dan menyusun rancangan pengembangan karir profesional perawat di rumah sakit Baptis Batu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Oktober-November 2013. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara dan focus group discussion (FGD) dengan Direktur rumah sakit, manajer sumber daya manusia, kepala komite keperawatan, manajer keperawatan, kepala-kepala ruangan dan perwakilan perawat di unit rawat inap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar perawat (96,7%) memiliki latar belakang pendidikan DIII keperawatan, belum terdapat pola khusus dalam pelaksanaan recruitment, rotasi dan promosi perawat. Rancangan jenjang karir profesional perawat di RSBB disusun berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan, masa kerja dan uji kompetensi. Dari setiap level jenjang karir, perawat akan dibagi dalam kategori perawat junior, middle dan senior dan diikuti dengan pemberian penghargaan berupa remunerasi.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan karir, perawat klinik
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Sistem Identifikasi Pasien di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit
Authors: Anggraini Dewi , Hakim Lukman , Imam Cecilia Widjiati
Published: January 2017

Keamanan pelayanan di rumah sakit dimulai dari ketepatan identifikasi pasien. Rumah sakit harus membangun sistem yang menjamin bahwa pelayanan yang tepat diberikan kepada pasien yang tepat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab belum optimalnya pelaksanaan sistem identifikasi pasien serta mencari alternatif solusi untuk mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan sistem identifikasi pasien di Ruang Rawat Inap RS.X Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan focus group discussion (FGD), wawancara, pengamatan serta studi dokumen. Identifikasi prioritas alternatif solusi menggunakan brainstorming dengan mempertimbangkan urgency, severity/seriousness, growth (USG). Secara struktur sistem identifikasi pasien cukup lengkap. Â Pengetahuan perawat tentang sistem identifikasi pasien cukup baik. Sikap perawat dan petugas lain terhadap pelaksanaan prosedur identifikasi pasien adalah positif namun tidak selalu melakukan prosedur verifikasi sesuai ketentuan terutama untuk tindakan yang menurut perawat tidak berisiko terutama pada saat shift sore dan malam. Â Keterbukaan untuk melaporkan insiden pada petugas masih belum optimal. Kendala dan hambatan terutama dirasakan masih sulit merubah kebiasaan untuk selalu melakukan verifikasi, terkadang pasien mengeluh jika terlalu sering ditanya identitasnya, tidak dirasakan adanya kendala ketersediaan gelang identitas, kadang-kadang terjadi salah cetak nama pada stiker identitas. Penyebab utama belum optimalnya pelaksanaan sistem identifikasi pasien berhubungan dengan sistem supervisi terhadap pelaksanaan prosedur identifikasi yang belum optimal serta budaya safety yang masih perlu terus ditingkatkan.Kata Kunci: Budaya keselamatan pasien, keselamatan pasien, sistem identifikasi pasien
Analisis Variasi Pengelolaan Appendicitis Acuta di Rumah Sakit Wava Husada Malang
Authors: Muzzamil Muzzamil , Mansur Muhammad , Suryadi Muhammad Arif
Published: January 2017

Pelayanan appendicitis tidak menerapkan sistim paket dan mengalami Â banyak variasi, termasuk variasi biaya. Peneliti telah melakukan penelitian data catatan rekam medis terhadap pasien appendicitis acuta bulan Juni, Juli dan Agustus 2013 dengan jumlah sampel 21 pasien. Data dianalisa menggunakan regresi linier untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berbagai variabel. Analisa hubungan antara biaya obat dan biaya tindakan terhadap biaya total perawatan menunjukkan bahwa biaya obat dan biaya tindakan sangat berpengaruh terhadap biaya total perawatan (r2=0,731, p<0,001). Analisa hubungan antara biaya total perawatan dengan lama perawatan menunjukkan bahwa pasien yang membayar lebih mahal dirawat lebih lama dan pengaruh biaya terhadap lama perawatan sebesar 29,8% (r2=0,296, p=0,011). Variasi pelayanan pasien menyebabkan variasi pada total biaya perawatan. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi variasi, terdapatnya kendali mutu dan biaya adalah penerapan clinical pathway.Kata Kunci: Appendicitis akut, clinical pathway, kendali biaya, kendali mutu, variasi pelayanan
Perbedaan Persepsi Sehat-sakit Pasien Menjadi Alasan Utama Kejadian Pulang Paksa
Authors: Nofiyanto Eko , Koeswo Mulyatim , Utami Endah Woro
Published: January 2017

Pulang paksa merupakan salah satu indikator kurangnya mutu pelayanan kesehatan karena dapat mempengaruhi kesembuhan, dan biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kejadian pulang paksa di ruang Dahlia II RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei pada 30 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan pertanyaan terbuka dan tertutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 46,67% pasien setuju bahwa persepsi sehat-sakit menjadi alasan utama kejadian pulang paksa dan bukan mutu maupun keterjangkauan biaya.Kata Kunci: Kejadian pulang paksa, persepsi sehat-sakit, rawat inap
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TERINTEGRASI DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN SPIRITUAL
Authors: Syawahid M. , Retnawati Heri
Published: January 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika terintegrasi dengan pengembangan kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual (KES) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Pengembangan model pembelajaran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel yang telah dimodifikasi. Melalui proses pengembangan, telah dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika terintegrasi dengan pengembangan KES dan instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran matematika terintegrasi dengan pengembangan KES telah memenuhi kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Kriteria kevalidan terlihat dari  hasil analisis kevalidan perangkat pembelajaran matematika yang memenuhi kriteria valid, kriteria kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dilihat dari kepraktisan menurut guru yang memenuhi kriteria mudah digunakan dan kepraktisan menurut siswa yang positif. Kriteria keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berdasarkan pada persentase ketercapaian ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal  sebesar 80%; persentase jumlah siswa yang mendapat skor KES dengan katagori minimal tinggi adalah 80%. Kata Kunci: KES, matematika dan perangkat pembelajaran.
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN (KTSP) MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wibowo Rakhmat , Wutsqa Dhoriva Urwatul
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) tingkat pemahaman guru Matematika SMP tentang KTSP; (2) pelaksanaan KTSP mata pelajaran Matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta, yang meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi formatif yang dikembangkan oleh Scriven. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 24, yaitu 14 guru Matematika SMP Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta dan 10 guru Matematika SMP Swasta di Kota Yogyakarta yang ditentukan dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes, angket, panduan observasi, panduan wawancara dan dokumen. Teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang meliputi tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pemahaman guru Matematika SMP di Kota Yogyakarta terhadap KTSP dalam kategori cukup baik; (2) perencanaan pembelajaran berada pada kategori baik; (3) pelaksanaan pembelajaran berada pada kategori baik; dan (4) hasil penilaian pembelajaran berada pada kategori baik. Kata kunci: pemahaman KTSP, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian pembelajaran
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP DENGAN METODE INKUIRI PADA PERSAMAAN DAN PERTIDAKSAMAAN LINEAR SATU VARIABEL
Authors: Hilman Hilman , Retnawati Heri
Published: January 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan metode inkuiri pada persamaan dan pertidaksamaan linear satu variabel, dengan kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif ditinjau dari prestasi dan kepercayaan diri siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Reiser Dempsey. Pengembangan terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran yang terdiri dari silabus, RPP, LAS, dan tes ulangan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kevalidan produk pengembangan ditentukan oleh validasi ahli, kepraktisan produk pengem-bangan ditentukan oleh penilaian guru, dan siswa, sedangkan keefektifan produk pengembangan ditinjau dari prestasi dan kepercayaan diri siswa. Prestasi yang dicapai siswa mencapai rata-rata 76,94 melampaui KKM yakni 70, sedangkan kepercayaan diri siswa dari 55,88% menjadi 82,35% pada kategori minimal baik. Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, inkuiri   DEVELOPING LEARNING MATERIALS MATHEMATICS WITH INQUIRY METHOD FOR EQUATIONS LINEAR AND INEQUALITY OF ONE VARIABLE Abstract The aim of this study produces mathematics instructional materials, on linear equations and inequalities one variable with inquiry methods that valid, practical, and effective criteria in terms of student achievement and self-confidence. This study is developmental research. It is adapted from Reiser Dempsey models. The research through several phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instructional materials is consists of syllabi, lesson plans, student sheet activity, and daily tests. The results showed that is the valid criteria valid, practical, and effective. Validity of development product is determined by the expert validation, the practicality is determined by the assessment of teachers, and students, while the effectiveness in terms of student achievement and self-confidence. Achievements of students achieving an average of 76.9412 beyond the KKM 70, while the confidence of students from 55.88% to 82.35% on minimal good category. Keywords: development, learning instructional materials, inquiry
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN KALKULUS UNTUK MENCAPAI KETUNTASAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Azka Raekha , Santoso Rusgianto Heri
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran kalkulus MA yang meliputi silabus, RPP, LKS, dan instrumen penilaian untuk mencapai ketuntasan belajar dan keman-dirian belajar; (2) mendeskripsikan kualitas hasil pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran kalkulus MA untuk mencapai ketuntasan belajar dan kemandirian belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran kalkulus dengan menggunakan model pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan Thiagarajan, Semmel, dan Semmel. Tahap-tahap yang dilalui sampai diperoleh perangkat pembelajaran kalkulus yang valid, praktis, dan efektif meliputi: (1) tahap pendefinisian, (2) tahap perencanaan, dan (3) tahap pengembangan. Uji coba yang dilakukan meliputi uji coba ahli/validasi ahli, uji coba terbatas, dan uji coba lapangan. Uji coba lapangan dilakukan di MA PK Ma’arif 01 Kebumen pada dua kelas XI IPS. Penelitian ini menghasil-kan perangkat pembelajaran kalkulus untuk MA kelas XI IPS terdiri atas silabus, RPP, LKS, dan THB yang berkualitas dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Masing-masing komponen perangkat pembelajaran yang terdiri atas silabus, RPP, LKS, dan THB telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk mencapai ketuntasan dan kemandirian belajar siswa. Kata kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, kalkukus, ketuntasan belajar, kemandirian belajar.   DEVELOPING A CALCULUS TEACHING PACKAGE TO ACHIEVE MASTERY AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING Abstract This research aims to: (1) develop a calculus teaching package consisting of syllabus, lesson plan, worksheet, and test of Islamic high school to achieve mastery and self-regulated learning; (2) describe the quality of the calculus teaching in Islamic high school to achieve mastery and self-regulated learning. This research is a developmental research which develops calculus teaching package using the development model adapted from Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel. The steps to get valid, practical, and effective calculus teaching package are: (1) definition step, (2) planning step, and (3) development step. The try out consisted of expert judgment, small group try out, and field try out. The field try out was held in MA PK Ma’arif 01 Kebumen at two classes of XI IPS. The research produces a calculus teaching package for class XI IPS students of MA consisting of the syllabus, lesson plan, worksheet, and test which are qualified and suitable for the teaching and learning process. Each teaching package component is valid, practical, and effective to achieve students’mastery learning and self-regulated learning. Keywords: development, teaching package, calculus, mastery learning, self-regulated learning
Analisis kesulitan kognitif dan masalah afektif siswa SMA dalam belajar matematika menghadapi ujian nasional
Authors: Azis Azis , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: January 2017

Penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat dan letak kesulitan belajar matematika siswa pada aspek kognitif dan kategorisasi masalah belajar matematika siswa pada aspek afektif dalam menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 SMA di Kota Baubau. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian dengan metode survei. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik pengukuran (tes diagnostik), kuisioner, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesulitan belajar matematika yang dialami oleh siswa untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal Ujian Nasional berada pada kategori sedang; letak kesulitan belajar matematika siswa pada aspek kognitif dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal Ujian Nasional dilihat dari segi pengetahuan faktual dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar, segi pengetahuan konseptual dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar, dan segi pengetahuan prosedural dengan persentase interval kesulitan sebesar; dan kategorisasi masalah belajar matematika siswa pada kategori aspek afektif dalam menghadapi Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 SMA di Kota Baubau secara umum berada pada kategori rendah.Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar matematika, kognitif, afektif, ujian nasional SMA An Analysis of Difficulty on Cognitive and Problem on Affective of SMA Students in Mathematics Learning Facing National ExaminationAbstractThis study aims to describe the degree of student’s learning difficulty of mathematics on cognitive and categorization of student’s learning problem on affective aspect in accomplishing mathematic items in facing national final exam of SMA Baubau municipality in 2013/2014 academic year. The research type uses survey method. The technique of data collecting made use of diagnostic test that is National final exam items in 2012/2013 academic year which was modified by the researcher, questionnaires, and interviews. The research result indicates that the degree of students’ learning difficulty of mathematics to accomplish national final exam items is in the medium category; the students’ learning difficulty of mathematics on cognitive aspect in accomplish national final exam items viewed from factual knowledge  with students’ difficulty  interval percentage , conceptual knowledge aspect with students’ difficulty interval percentage , and procedural knowledge aspect with students’ difficulty interval percentage ; and the categorization of students’ learning problem of mathematics on affective aspect in facing National final exam in 2013/2014 academic year of SMA Baubau municipality generally is in the low category.Keywords: Learning difficulty of mathematics, cognitive, affective, SMA National final exam
Keefektifan cooperative learning STAD dan GI ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan komunikasi matematis
Authors: Sapitri Sapitri , Hartono Hartono
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan GI, dan (2) manakah yang lebih efektif antara kedua metode tersebut ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan GI keduanya efektif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan keefektifan diantara keduanya  ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada pembelajaran himpunan di kelas VII.Kata Kunci: STAD, GI, berpikir kritis, komunikasi matematis. The Effectiveness of the Cooperative Learning STAD and GI in Terms of Critical Thinking and Mathematical CommunicationAbstractThis study aims to describe: (1) the effectiveness of cooperative learning model of STAD type and GI, and (2) the more effective model between the two in terms of critical thinking skills and students' mathematical communication. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The results show that cooperative learning of STAD type and GI approach are effective. There is no difference between them in terms of the effectiveness of critical thinking skills and the students’ mathematical communication skills  in the teaching of the material on sets to class VII.Keywords: STAD, GI, critical thinking, mathematical communication
Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran trigonometri menggunakan Adobe Flash CS3 untuk siswa SMA
Authors: Khuzaini Nanang , Santosa Rusgianto Heri
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran trigonometri menggunakan ADOBE FLASH CS3 untuk pembelajaran matematika siswa SMA kelas X semester II dan mengetahui kelayakan produk multimedia dari aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan untuk pembelajaran matematika di SMA Kelas X Semester II. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pengembangan Borg dan Gall yang dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu: pertama, pendahuluan yaitu studi pustaka dan studi lapangan; kedua, pengembangan yaitu perencanaan dan pengembangan produk awal; dan ketiga, uji lapangan yaitu uji pengembangan terbatas, uji coba kelompok kecil, dan uji coba lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa multimedia yang dihasilkan dalam pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran matematika trigonometri adalah baik dilihat dari aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan suatu multimedia pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran matematika, adobe flas CS3, trigonometri Developing an Trigonometry Multimedia Instruction Using Adobe Flash CS3 for SMA Student AbstractThis research aims to develop trigonometry multimedia intruction using ADOBE FLASH CS3 for the teaching of mathematics on the semester II class X of SMA and reveal the feasibility of the product in the aspects of validity, practicality and effectiveness aspec. This research is development research use Borg and Gall development models, conducted through three phases: first, introduction that included the study of literature and field studies; second, development that included the planning and development of the initial product; trird, field testing which included a limited development testing, a small group testing, and field trials. The result of research indicating that resulted in the development of multimedia learning multimedia math Trigonometry is good seen from the aspect of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a multimedia learning.Keywords: development mathematics multimedia instruction, adobe flash CS3, trigonometry
Keefektifan pendekatan problem posing dan problem solving dalam pembelajaran kalkulus II
Authors: Palobo Markus
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pendekatan problem posing dan problem solving serta membandingkan keefektifan pendekatan problem posing dengan problem solving ditinjau dari sikap mahasiswa terhadap Kalkulus dan prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest non equivalent comparison group design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Universitas Musamus Merauke. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika semester II yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Pengujian keefektifan pendekatan problem posing dan problem solving menggunakan uji one sample t-test dan untuk mengetahui pendekatan mana yang lebih efektif menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendekatan problem posing efektif ditinjau dari sikap terhadap Kalkulus dan prestasi belajar; (2) pendekatan problem solving efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar; dan (3) pendekatan problem posing lebih efektif dari pada pendekatan problem solving ditinjau dari sikap mahasiswa terhadap Kalkulus.Kata Kunci: pendekatan problem posing, pendekatan problem solving, sikap terhadap kalkulus, prestasi belajar The effectiveness of problem posing and problem solving approach in calculus II learning AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness of problem posing and problem solving approach, and to compare the effectiveness between problem posing and problem solving approach in terms of attitude toward Calculus and learning achievement. This study was a quasi-experimental study using the pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group design. The population of this study were student of Musamus University. The sample in this study were 2nd semester students of mathematics educations departement who were divided into two groups. To assess the effectiveness of the problem posing and problem solving approach, the one sample t-test was carried out and to determine the more effective approach, independent sample t-test was used. The results of this study show that (1) the problem posing approach was effective in terms of attitude towards Calculus and learning achievement; (2) problem solving approach was effective in terms of learning achievement; and (3) problem posing approach was more effective than problem solving approach in terms of students attitude toward calculus.Keywords: problem posing approach, problem solving approach, attitude toward Calculus, leraning achievement
RANCANG BANGUN SIMULASI PEWARNAAN SEPEDA MOTOR BERBASIS KOMPUTER
Authors: Sitohang Hotmian
Published: January 2017

Belakang ini bisnis pewarnaan atau air brush motor sangat disukai. Setiap toko pengecatan atau pemasangan stiker selalu dipadati motor-motor yang baru maupun yang lama untuk  diwarnai atau di beri sticker agar warna asli tidak rusak dan pudar. Pewarnaan yang dilakukan pada sepeda motor meliputi pewarnaan body, tebeng depan, tebeng belakang, kaca lampu, spion, pelang dan bagian lainnya. Rata-rata para penggemar  pewarnaan kendaraan bermotor melakukan proses pewarnaan untuk tujuan  tertentu, misalnya motornya agar lebih menarik atau hanya ingin sekedar tampil beda.  Dari hasil observasi di Kota Palangka Raya terlihat setiap toko pewarnaan sepeda motor sangat diminati bahkan hampir setiap hari toko-toko pewarnaan penuh, sehingga membuat customer ngantri. Terkadang juga customer mau mewarnai tapi bingung menentukan warna apa yang sesuai dengan motornya. Sering kali juga terjadi sudah diwarnai ternyata tidak sesuai dengan cat awal motor atau warna nyorak. Penulis tertarik membuat simulasi pewarnaan motor berbasis komputer yang dimana nantinya akan dimasukkan gambar motor dan tinggal menyesuaikan seperti apa yang mau diwarnai. Bahkan disiapkan macam-macam pewarnaan motor yang populer saat ini. Aplikasi ini juga menyiapkan pewarnaan sebagian motor. Dimana kadang kala customer hanya mau mewarnai spion atau pelang, maka aplikasi ini akan memilih sesuai dengan yang mau diwarnai saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini supaya mempermudah customer dalam menentukan pewarnaan motor, sedangkan manfaatnya untuk customer adalah lebih singkat waktu dan penyesuaian  warna motor.