bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Development Inequalities in Kenya: Can Devolution Succeed Where Other Strategies Failed?
Authors: Laji Adoyo
Published: March 2019

Regional development planning strategies are often applied to reduce and in the long run eliminate major inequalities and disparities among regions. Since independence, the government of Kenya has employed numerous regional development planning strategies with the aim of addressing the worsening trend of spatial inequalities. These strategies include growth centre strategy, service centre strategy, District Focus for Rural Development and Rural Trade and Production Centers among others. Nonetheless, the effort of the government to create balanced regional development in all parts of the country has not borne any fruit. Instead, the country is still grappling with a dual spatial system characterized by polarized and unequal development in favour of those regions that had comparative advantage at independence. The introduction of the devolved system of governance, however, heralds the optimism that regional spatial inequalities would gradually be addressed. This paper explores the origin and dynamics of regional disparities and unbalanced development in Kenya and thereafter interrogates the potential of devolution in promoting balanced development of the various regions in the country. A desk study approach was used in undertaking this study. It was established that with devolution, there has been a marked increase in funds available for development in various regions of the country. As such, it offers the potential to redress the hitherto unbalanced regional development in Kenya.
El crecimiento de maestrías y doctorados según el Plan de Desarrollo Estratégico del Sistema de Educación Superior de Honduras 2014-2023
Authors: Salgado Chavarría Claudio Fernando
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de este ensayo es indagar acerca del crecimiento de maestrías y doctorados que se estipula en el Plan de Desarrollo Estratégico del Sistema de Educación Superior de Honduras 2014-2023. Primero, hacemos una exposición sucinta del contenido y objetivos estratégicos del Plan. Seguidamente, describimos los objetivos y las acciones que versan sobre maestrías y doctorados. A continuación, examinamos los avances de dichos programas a 2016, tanto en cantidad como en normativas emitidas respecto a esos grados académicos. El ensayo finaliza con un planteamiento acerca de la importancia de la formación de docentes para el Plan de Desarrollo Estratégico y con sugerencias en ese sentido.

Palabras claveDesarrollo estratégico, educación superior, planificación, posgrados
The Antecedents of Green Purchase Intention among Malaysian Consumers
Authors: Mei Ooi Jen , Ling Kwek Choon , Piew Tan Hoi
Published: March 2019

The objectives of this research are to identify the factors influence the green purchase intention and to determine the relationships between the factors (determinants) and green purchase intention among Malaysian consumers. A descriptive research was conducted to address the research objectives. The survey research was undertaken among the Malaysians who are members of one of the Activist Groups in which is a Non-government Organization (NGO) in Malaysia. The adopted sampling method was simple random sampling. There were 230 usable questionnaires which were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 19. Five hypotheses were developed for this research and all hypotheses were tested using Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of the study indicated that government initiative has the most significant influence on green purchase intention among Malaysian consumers. In contrast, eco-label failed to show significant relationship to green purchase intention. The finding of insignificant impact of eco-label on the green purchase intention from this study is in contrast with the finding from Nik Abdul Rashid (2009) because both studies were carried out among Malaysian consumers.
Postoperative pain relief in general surgery – recommendations of the Association of Polish Surgeons, Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Polish Association for the Study of Pain and Polish Association of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Treatment
Authors: Wordliczek Jerzy , Zajączkowska Renata , Dziki Adam , Jackowski Marek , Richter Piotr , Woroń Jarosław , Misiołek Hanna , Dobrogowski Jan , Paśnik Krzysztof , Wallner Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

It is estimated that there are over 310 million surgeries performed in the world every year. Appropriate analgesic management in the perioperative period constitutes a fundamental right of every patient, significantly reducing the number of postoperative complications and the time and costs of hospitalization, particularly in the high-risk group of patients (ASA III-V) subject to extensive surgical procedures and hospitalized in intensive care units.
Despite such significant arguments speaking for the conduct of effective analgesia in the perioperative period, nearly 79% of patients operated in hospitalization settings and 71% of patients operated in outpatient settings (so-called first day surgery) experienced postoperative pain of moderate, strong or extreme intensity. Hence, effective relief of postoperative pain should constitute one of the priorities of integrated, modern perioperative management, the components of which apart from adequate analgesia involve early nutrition through the alimentary canal, early patient activation and active physiotherapy. In the currently published “Guidelines”, a team of authors has updated the previous “Recommendations” primarily in terms of methods for optimizing postoperative pain relief and new techniques and drugs introduced for postoperative pain therapy in recent years. The algorithms of postoperative pain management in different treatment categories were also updated.
Beyond a Northern Paradigm
Authors: Hogan Linda , Heyer Kristin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2019

Notwithstanding the commitment to the inclusion of historically underrepresented communities, Christian ethics continues to be dominated by the voices, concerns, norms and methodologies of scholars from the northern hemisphere. This paper analyses the state of the field through the lens of the Catholic Theological Ethics in a World Church network whose mission is to promote international exchange. It assesses the lacunae arising from the northern-centric nature of Christian ethics as practiced in the northern hemisphere, highlights the inflection points, and considers the likely re-prioritization of concerns that will flow from the systemic inclusion of the multiple, diverse voices of majority world scholars.
CLO19-036: Folate Receptor alpha Expression in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Authors: Helgason Thorunn , Damodaran Senthil , Hess Kenneth R. , Symmans W. Fraser , Moulder Stacy L.
Published: March 2019

Background: Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein that binds and internalizes folate, which is a cofactor required for DNA/RNA synthesis and cell growth and proliferation. There is a marked up-regulation of FRα in many solid tumors; in contrast, FRα has a minimal expression in adult normal tissue. Mirvetuximab soravtansine is an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a maytansinoid, N2'-Deacetyl-N2'-(4-mercapto-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl)-maytansine (DM4), conjugated to an anti-FRα antibody, M9346A. Once bound to the FRα and internalized, the anti-mitotic agents are released and inhibit tubulin polymerization and microtubule assembly, leading to cell death. Here we report the expression of FRα+ on residual tumor samples in metastatic TNBC. Methods: 68 patients (Pts) with stage IV TNBC underwent prescreening to determine if residual tumor tissue expressed FRα. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were sent to Ventana Translational Diagnostics CAP/CLIA Laboratory for analysis using an in-house developed assay, Ventana OptiView DAB Detection kit, and the Ventana BenchMark Ultra automated slide stainer. FRα expression was evaluated by board certified pathologists using a scoring scale 1+ (low), 2+ (medium), and 3+ (high). For the purposes of study entry, FRα expression on cell surface was required to be low, defined as >25% of cells having 1+ expression. Results: 12% (8/68) of evaluated TNBCs had moderate to high rates of FRα expression. The median age of pts screened for FRα was 53 years. Moderate to high FRα expression rates were more common in Black and Asian patients (Table 1). Conclusion: Our prospective study has demonstrated that moderate to high expression of FRα in metastatic TNBC is 12%, which is lower than previously reported. An ongoing phase II study will determine efficacy for mirvetuximab soravtansine in advanced TNBC. Acknowledgement: This study was approved and funded in part by the NCCN Oncology Research Program from general research support provided by ImmunoGen, Inc.
CLO19-049: Central Lymph Node Dissection in the Clinically Node-Negative (cN0) Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Is it Necessary?
Authors: Suresh Girish M. , Ramachandra C. , Arjunan Ravi , Halkud Rajshekar
Published: March 2019

Background: Surgery is the treatment of choice in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which is the most common thyroid malignancy and frequently has metastases in the central compartment lymph nodes (CLN). There is debate among surgeons whether removing normal-appearing lymph nodes in the central neck (prophylactic lymph node dissection) is better than removing only the abnormal-appearing lymph nodes. Herein, we review the potential utility of central compartment lymph nodal dissection (CLND) on surgical outcome and disease-free follow-up of PTC and 5-year survival of patients operated on at our center. Methods: A total of 246 patients from February 2009 to March 2012 who were treated for PTC in our Kidwai Cancer Institution was analyzed retrospectively. 135 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and CLND were assigned to Group A, which was compared with 111 patients who received total thyroidectomy, without CLND, who were assigned to Group B by evaluation of postoperative complications (recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, hoarseness, hypocalcemia, and hemorrhage rates) and recurrence at the time of Iodine131 treatment and subsequently at 60 months follow-up. Results: In the present study, Mean DFS and OS did not differ in both groups. Male gender and age more than 45 years had statistically significant DFS but without any impact on OS. There was a significant postoperative complication in group A compared to group B (P≤.001), with a very minimal recurrence in the central neck. 4 patients (3.6%) had recurrences in CLN. Conclusion: Considering the significant postoperative complication, which outweighs benefit, we conclude that for cN0 PTC, routine CLND is not necessary.
QIM19-126: NCCN Member Institution Patient Education and Teaching for Biliary Stents and Drains
Authors: Drapek Lorraine C. , Driskill Karen , Pinheiro Natasha , Harris Ronald , Iyer Renuka , Acquisto Susan
Published: March 2019

Background: Biliary obstruction often occurs with hepatobiliary cancers. Treatment consists of internal biliary stents or external biliary drains. Patient education regarding signs and symptoms of cholangitis, change of stents, or care of biliary drains is both critical and challenging. The Nursing Advisory Board of the Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation (CCF) found patient questions regarding stents and drains posted on the CCF website. Quality of life is impacted by treatment complications as well as lack of knowledge regarding living with stents or drains. Aim: To compare stent and biliary drain patient education practices of NCCN Member Institutions across the United States. Methods: A 40 item information survey was sent to the NCCN Member Institutions by email. Intended respondents were nursing or health professionals who provided patient instruction regarding biliary stents drains. The survey was sent to interventional radiology and endoscopy departments. It included questions regarding demographics of respondents, patient education and instructions, supplies provided, signs and symptoms to be reported, and follow-up appointments. Results: There were 26 survey responses. Of the 26 responses, 23 responses were complete. Patient education regarding stents or drains was predominantly completed by registered nurses (74%), or nurse practitioners (26%). The largest number of respondents practiced in interventional radiology (52%), endoscopy (13%), and other (30%), which included gastroenterology, or surgery. Verbal and written instructions were provided by 87% of NCCN centers. There was variation in survey responses regarding biliary drains. Survey responses regarding biliary stents were more cohesive. A schedule for stent change was provided by 75% of NCCN Member Institutions, although there was variation on length of time between stent exchanges. The majority of patients at these institutions receive education regarding signs and symptoms to report (95%). Conclusion: Discharge instructions to patients with external drains are inconsistent. Although there is some agreement among NCCN Member Institutions, the schedules for stent change vary. Patient education and instruction is predominantly provided by nurses and NPs. The importance of teaching signs and symptoms to report is evident in this sample. Standardized patient instructions post stents or external biliary drains may enable patients to care for drains and will help nurses and NPs reinforce consistent education.
CLO19-028: Incidence and Management of Toxicities Associated With Anti-PD1 and Anti-PD-L1 Treatment Among Patients Enrolled in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Brown Victoria T. , Antol Dana Drzayich , Racsa Patrick N. , Ward Melea A. , Naidoo Jarushka
Published: March 2019

Background: Anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy is standard-of-care for patients with a variety of advanced malignancies. Although clinical trials report a lower incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities than observed with cytotoxic agents, it is imperative that clinicians identify and manage the unique toxicities of these agents. We aimed to identify real-world incidence of immune-related toxicities and management for patients treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents prior to publication of clinical practice guidelines. Methods: Patients enrolled in a Humana Medicare Advantage plan who initiated any anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy September 1, 2014–February 28, 2018 were identified. NCCN Guidelines for immune-related toxicity were used to determine appropriate pharmacy and medical codes from administrative claims data for toxicity identification and management. ICD-10 codes were examined for patients requiring hospital or ED visits, and HCPCS and NDC codes were used for patients requiring toxicity treatment (eg, corticosteroids, anti-TNFα). Results: 6,005 patients were identified; 39.1% were female, median (IQR) age was 72 years (67–77). The majority (64.7%) had thoracic cancers; 16.3% genitourinary cancers; and 12.8% skin cancers. The median number of anti-PD1/PD-L1 doses received was 4 (2–8). Overall, 62.5% (n=3,751) of patients experienced >1 toxicity with half (n=1,913) requiring an inpatient stay or ED visit, and the other half (n=1,838) receiving outpatient toxicity medication. A similar proportion of patients developed >1 toxicity, regardless of age: <75 years, 62.4% (n=2,416); and 62.5% (n=1,335) >75 years. Systemic corticosteroids were used by 61.3% (n=2,300) of patients that experienced toxicity. The most frequently observed toxicity in this dataset by organ system was cardiovascular (18.5%, n=1,108), which was comprised largely of arrhythmias (13.7%; n=823), and endocrine toxicities (15.8%; n=950), mostly type 2 diabetes (11.9%; n=714). Conclusion: Real-world data from a large Medicare Advantage plan indicate that half of patients receiving anti-PD1/anti-PD-L1 may experience a toxicity resulting in an inpatient stay or ED visit with no difference by age. While attribution of toxicity may be challenging using claims data, the spectrum of immune-related toxicities in the real world may differ from those reported in clinical trials. Future research should evaluate incidence and management of toxicities post-guideline release and monitor changes in site of care for management.
YIA19-003: Size Matters: Larger Size CD19-Positive Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Inhibit Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Function
Authors: Kenderian Saad S. , Cox Michelle , Sakemura Reona , Lucien-Matteoni Fabrice , Yang Nan , Sinha Sutapa , Forsman Cynthia , Hefazi Mehrdad , Schick Kendall , Boysen Justin , Parikh Sameer A. , Kay Neil E.
Published: March 2019

Background: Unprecedented clinical outcomes were reported after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART19) therapy. However, the complete response rate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is much lower, at approximately 20%–30%. Several immune defects have been identified in CLL that result from the complex interaction between CLL cells and the microenvironment. This leukemic microenvironment is rich with extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by B-CLL cells. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of EVs play in the diminished CART response seen in some CLL patients. Methods: EVs were isolated from peripheral blood of 16 patients with untreated CLL at different Rai stages and risk profile by FISH. Cytometry was used to determine size, number of particles per μl, and CD19 expression. To investigate the impact of EVs on CAR T-cell functions, CART19 cells were stimulated with either CLL B cells or the CD19-positive cell line JEKO and different effector functions were analyzed. Results: Two patterns of EVs in CLL patients were identified; a single versus 2 distinct EV populations, characterized by size (small [EVssmall] and large [EVslarge], Fig 1A). In 25% of patients, EVs were CD19 positive (EVCD19+). CD19 positivity was detected only in patients with the EVslarge (Fig 1B). The EVs concentration, CD19 expression (EVsCD19+ vs EVsCD19-), or the size (EVssmall vs EVslarge) did not correlate with disease stage (early vs advanced Rai stage) or risk profile of CLL (low vs high risk). To investigate our hypothesis that EVs could modulate CART19 function, CART19 cell effector functions were examined in the presence of EVsCD19+, EVsCD19-, EVssmall, or EVslarge. EVs alone were insufficient to stimulate CART19 cells. However when CART19 cells were stimulated with the CD19-positive cell line JEKO, their effector functions were reduced only in the presence of EVsCD19+ but not EVsCD19-. This included a significant reduction in CART-specific killing (Fig 1C) and a reduction in cytokine production. The impairment of CART cell functions was independent of the size of EVs, ie, there was no impairment of CART functions with large or small size EVCD19- in co-culture. Conclusion: We identify CD19-positive large size EVs from patients with CLL and demonstrate that these EVs play a role in the leukemic microenvironment by reducing CAR T-cell activity. Studies are ongoing to define the mechanism(s).
YIA19-005: Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer Combining CAR-Engineered T Cells with Targeted Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Priceman Saul J. ,   Yukiko Yamaguchi,   Elizabeth Epps,   John Burnett, Forman Stephen J.
Published: March 2019

Repairing defects in antitumor immunity has been a longstanding challenge in prostate cancer, and in recent years cellular immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for controlling advanced disease. To date, therapies including tumor vaccine and adoptive T-cell immunotherapy have made remarkable headway in solid cancers. Several validated prostate-specific tumor antigens are available as targets for T-cell therapy, including prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is overexpressed in metastatic disease. We are in late-stage preclinical development of PSCA-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells with plans to initiate a clinical trial early 2019 for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Immune checkpoint pathways, including the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA4), have emerged as critical drivers of immunosuppression in solid cancers, by limiting both adaptive antitumor immunity as well as adoptive T-cell therapies. Unfortunately in prostate cancer, checkpoint inhibition has led to underwhelming responses, likely due to the low mutational load and immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that antitumor activity of PSCA-CAR T cells will elicit checkpoint pathways that dampen antitumor immune responses and reduce overall clinical outcomes. Herein, we utilize an shRNA approach to knockdown checkpoint receptors as a rational combinatorial strategy that targets checkpoint pathways to improve overall therapy with PSCA-CAR T cells for metastatic prostate cancer. We have successfully developed a multiple shRNA knockdown approach to simultaneously disrupt 3 pathways that may hamper CAR T-cell activity in the tumor. These CAR T cells with shRNA knockdown of checkpoint receptors will be directly compared with checkpoint pathway inhibitor antibody therapies in xenograft models of prostate cancer, with the hope that next generation CARs will resist this break on the immune system in solid tumors.
QIM19-127: Novel Admission Checklist for Malignant Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Gauvin Gabrielle , Selesner Leigh , Chwistek Marcin , Collins Molly , Denlinger Crystal , Itzen Mark ,   LCSW, Patrick Kenneth , Farma Jeffrey
Published: March 2019

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a frequent presentation of advanced abdominal malignancy. Despite the frequency of MBO and the availability of NCCN Guidelines for its management, clinicians struggle to create a personalized care plan accounting for a patient’s current condition, prognosis, and goals of care. The aim of this project is to develop a discussion tool to implement on admission to ensure realistic prognostication and appropriate involvement of the patient, caregivers, and multidisciplinary team in treatment decisions. Methods: At our tertiary care center, a multidisciplinary team composed of surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, palliative care specialists, hospitalists, social workers, and nutritionists developed an algorithm to implement when a patient is admitted with MBO. The algorithm was influenced by the NCCN Guidelines for palliative care but was designed as a single-page checklist that could be easily executed by all team members. Results: The MBO admission checklist is divided into 4 sections. The general assessment section includes information about the etiology, severity, and reversibility of the current and past MBO. Also, the patient’s resuscitation and functional status are reviewed. The cancer care coordination/communication section covers the patient’s oncological history and estimated lifespan, as well as the need for further coordination of care and a goals of care discussion. The subsequent portion covers the management plan, with specific decisions resulting from a goals of care discussion as well as the need for specialized consults. The medical, procedural, and operative interventions the team and patient discussed as options are also documented. A key portion is the risks and benefits discussion for each treatment modality. Lastly, the discussion about future considerations section explores the patient’s wishes for the next episode of MBO. Conclusions: The goal of this checklist is to ensure that a comprehensive discussion is held between the different services involved in a patient’s care at every admission for MBO in order to provide a personalized management plan and improve communication. The next step in our study is to assess the effectiveness of implementation of the checklist as well as its impact on patient satisfaction, quality of life, early hospice referral, and outcomes.
The Role of Remittance-Induced Credit Expansion in a Short-Run Keynesian Macroeconomic Model
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Sharma Basu
Published: March 2019

This paper introduces a remittance-induced credit expansion in a static Keynesian macroeconomic model. A credit expansion in the monetary sector results in lowering the equilibrium level of interest rates, which in turn stimulates interest-sensitive consumption and investment. Secondly, the paper introduces a direct effect of remittances on investment. With the two extensions in a static Keynesian model of remittances, the paper derives the equilibrium level of national income and shows the effects of interactions of remittances with the monetary sector on national income. The results of the paper are illustrated numerically.
Montaigne carnettiste
Authors: Gerbier Laurent , Langlet Irène
Published: March 2019

Des Essais de Montaigne, nous n’avons pas les carnets ; n’y a-t-il pas cependant une certaine fécondité théorique à essayer de lire les Essais eux-mêmes comme des carnets ? Une telle lecture, qui emprunte à la théorie des textes possibles son coup de force herméneutique tout en s’appuyant sur la théorie du carnettisme littéraire contemporain, met en évidence dans le constant travail d’annotation et de griffonnage de Montaigne une inversion inattendue : dans les Essais, le carnet vient après le livre, et non pas avant. Cette hypothèse, qui s’inscrit dans une poétique du support matériel plutôt que de la forme, permet également d’examiner l’enjeu moral de ce griffonnage carnettiste.
Des tessons éparpillés
Authors: Beaulieu Étienne
Published: March 2019

« Quel est mon art ? », se demande Joubert, ne sachant exactement ce qu’il est en train de faire en griffonnant sur le papier des pensées se changeant sans avertissement en petits dessins (des fleurs, sa femme en robe et à chapeau, des personnages de Villeneuve, des épis de maïs, son billard où il aime entendre les boules s’entrechoquer, etc.). Sans trop s’en douter, mais en pressentant néanmoins quelques conséquences de son geste, Joubert invente une nouvelle manière d’écrire, sinon l’écriture elle-même, au sens où elle se distinguera quelques décennies plus tard, avec le romantisme plus précisément, des belles-lettres héritées de l’Ancien Régime, c’est-à-dire de l’éloquence, de la belle parole, des règles du bien dire, en un mot de la rhétorique classique.
Créer une forme de l’informe : Le Poids du monde de Peter Handke
Authors: Dion Robert
Published: March 2019

Consacré au premier livre de Peter Handke à se présenter tel le fruit d’une écriture journalière et discontinue, cet article vise d’abord à en montrer la singularité par rapport au genre même du carnet et aux pratiques littéraires en général. Le Poids du monde constitue en effet un ouvrage où doit s’inventer une nouvelle façon de percevoir, d’écrire, voire de faire oeuvre, puisqu’il semble que ce soit dans un en deçà de la littérature que doive désormais s’élaborer la nouvelle écriture que revendique Handke. Dans cette perspective, j’entends ici retracer les linéaments d’un tel programme marqué par une défiance systématique vis-à-vis des formes et des réflexes littéraires institués, au sein de l’oeuvre surtout, et dégager les traits généraux de son exécution. Je serai, du même coup, conduit à envisager le rapport au lecteur qu’instaure le carnet-journal, puisqu’une nouvelle littérature implique nécessairement une transformation de l’expérience de lecture de celui qui la reçoit.
L’enracinement de Jean-Pierre Issenhuth
Authors: Mainguy Thomas
Published: March 2019

Cet article examine la démarche poursuivie par Jean-Pierre Issenhuth dans ses carnets en s’inspirant de la notion d’enracinement définie par Simone Weil. La pratique du carnet d’Issenhuth prend d’abord forme à travers un adieu à la poésie, considérée comme un langage trop artificiel pour permettre un contact direct avec le dehors. À l’inverse, les carnets sont conçus pour favoriser les rapprochements avec la « réalité rugueuse ». Ils sont imperméables à l’intériorité et Issenhuth les utilise pour explorer son rapport d’identité avec la nature et les animaux. Cette appartenance au monde lui apparaît toutefois corrélative au travail, à l’action concrète, qu’il priorise avant tout. Ses carnets montrent ultimement qu’il est un lecteur actif, un lecteur qui écrit comme on construit une cabane, conjuguant de ce fait son activité littéraire avec son projet d’enracinement.
Membandingkan Kompetensi Pustakawan Pendidikan dengan Pustakawan Pelatihan
Authors: Wicaksono Moch. Fikriansyah
Published: March 2019

Abstrak

Perpustakaan merupakan lembaga yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi bagi para penggunanya. Berhasil atau tidaknya perpustakaan bergantung dari kemampuan pengelola perpustakaan. Di dalam perpustakaan terdapat dua jenis pustakawan, pertama pustakawan berlatar belakang pendidikan perpustakaan dan kedua pustakwan yang berlatar belakang pelatihan perpustakaan. Perbedaan kompetensi pustakawan inilah yang menjadi menarik untuk dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut. Dalam paper ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kompetensi antara pustakawan pendidikan dengan pustakawan pelatihan di perpustakaan sekolah. Data diambil dengan survey pada pustakawan pendidikan dan pelatihan, dan kemudian data diolah menggunakan uji Independent sampel t test. Hasil dari uji ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kompetensi pustakawan pendidikan dengan pustakawan pelatihan karena nilai  uji independent t test sebesar 0,000, sehingga hasil 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah kompetensi antara pustakawan berlatar pendidikan dengan berlatar pelatihan tidaklah sama, maka dari hasil ini penting bagi  perpustakaan untuk memilih pustakawan yang berkompeten untuk mengelola perpustakaan sekolah mereka.

Kata Kunci: Perpustakaan Sekolah, Kompetensi, Pustakawan Diklat, Pustakawan Pelatihan, Pustakawan pendidikan

Abstract

The library is an institution that aims to provide information for its users. The success or failure of the library depends on the ability of the library manager. Inside the library there are two types of librarians, first is librarians with a library education background and the second is librarians with library training background the differences competence between both librarians become an interesting discourse for futher study. This paper aims to compare the competencies between education librarians and training librarians in the school library. The data was taken by a survey of education and training librarians, and then the data was processed using the Independent t test sample test. The results of this test indicate that there are significant differences between the competence of education librarians and training librarians because the independent t test value is 0,000, so the results are 0,000 <0,05. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the competencies between librarians with educational background and training background are not the same, so from this result it is important for all libraries director to choose competent librarians to manage their school libraries.

Keywords: School Library, Competence, Training Librarian, Training Librarian, Educational Librarian
Evaluasi Koleksi Di Upt Pusat Perpustakaan Iain Surakarta Berdasarkan Silabus Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam
Authors: Maslahah Khoirul , Hasanah R Nushrotul
Published: March 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis ketersediaan koleksi serta faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan koleksi di Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Surakarta sesuai dengan daftar bacaan pada silabus bahan ajar mata kuliah wajib program studi Bimbingan Konseling Islam.  Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode checklist Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koleksi perpustakaan Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Surakarta belum memenuhi kebutuhan koleksi bahan ajar wajib program studi Bimbingan Konseling Islam. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor,pengadaan bahan pustaka dilakukan hanya setahun sekali. penyediaan dana oleh pihak institut untuk dana pengadaan bahan pustaka yang relatif rendah untuk kategori perpustakaan perguruan tinggi, berakibat pada sedikitnya alokasi pengadaan koleksi bahan ajar pada setiap program studi yang ada di IAIN Surakarta. Hal lain yang menjadi sebab rendahnya ketersediaan bahan ajar yaitu kurangnya koordinasi dan kerjasama antara pihak Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Surakarta dengan program studi, sehingga penetapan judul-judul yang diusulkan kepada rekanan kurang sesuai harapan yang menjadi kebutuhan program studi.
When art meets crisis: the Portuguese story and beyond
Authors: Silva Augusto Santos , Guerra Paula , Santos Helena
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on how the Portuguese arts have dealt with the Portuguese crisis, in the years 2011-2014, when the country was subjected to a financial bailout. The approach is based on a cross-section analysis, considering the domains of literature, fine arts, visual arts and cinema, music and performing arts. It emphasizes three distinct and complementary ways through which the relation between arts and society was developed in these years. The first way is the directly political positioning of artists, through artistic works and performances. The second way is the presence of the crisis as a background of several artistic creations of this time. And the third way is the one by which the crisis projects a new light into consistent topics of the Portuguese artistic imagination, stressing the centrality of collective identity and self-reflexivity. The Portuguese case suggests how promising can be for the sociological explanation of social processes the consideration of their cultural and artistic dimensions.
O tempo de residência e de contacto com a criança após divórcio ou separação: experiências de mães e de pais
Authors: Marinho Sofia
Published: March 2019

O artigo examina as práticas e os significados subjetivos que dividem o tempo parental e como estes moldam papéis parentais, identidades e a relação com a criança quer nas experiências de mães e pais separados, quer na aplicação da Lei do Divórcio N.º 61/2008. Com base num inquérito online, revela-se que a lei é resistida e manteve o uso do género para alocar tempo parental no regime de residência e contacto. Neste, as mães residentes vivem a relação entre a gratificação afetiva e identitária e a sobrecarga parental. Ao invés, os pais não residentes lidam com a privação parental e a submissão à paternidade tradicional. No regime de residência alternada abraça-se a partilha parental e os desafios da concertação educativa, nem sempre aceites na aplicação da Lei.
Percursos migratórios e trajetórias de vida de descendentes de imigrantes chineses
Authors: Gaspar Sofia
Published: March 2019

O número de imigrantes chineses em Portugal tem aumentado consideravelmente desde a década de 2000. A consequente sedentarização destes imigrantes assim como dos seus descendentes, leva a questionar de que modo se desenvolve a sua integração social na sociedade portuguesa. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar algumas dimensões estruturantes da vida de descendentes de imigrantes chineses: trajetória imigratória, contexto familiar, percurso escolar e inserção no mercado de trabalho. Esta análise será desenvolvida com o recurso aos discursos obtidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas a estes jovens. Na parte final do artigo, são apresentadas algumas questões decorrentes desta temática, para reflexão futura.
Recensão: Moda e Feminismos em Portugal. O Género Como Espartilho [Cristina Duarte, 2017, Lisboa, Temas e Debates – Círculo de Leitores]
Authors: Cerqueira Carla
Published: March 2019

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Trainee-teacher: A Second or a Secondary Teacher in the Classroom? Emotional Aspects of Teaching Practicum in the “Academia Class” Program
Authors: Nissim Yonit , Naifeld Edni
Published: March 2019

This research focused on the practicum experience in the Academia Class program. This article puts a spotlight on the emotional aspects, thoughts, feelings and perceptions concerning co-teaching in this unique program. The research is a mixed-methods study (qualitative and quantitative).The research population included 125 teachers, 51 (40.8%) practicing trainer teachers, 36 (28.8%) trainee-teachers, 18 (14.4%) kindergarten trainer teachers and 20 (16%) early childhood trainee-teachers.

The research questions were: “Is the trainee-teacher a second or a secondary teacher in the class? Do the trainer-teachers and trainee-teachers have a common motivation to adopt co-teaching and what is that motivation? How do the trainer-teachers and trainee-teachers describe their feelings and emotions within the framework of the practicum in the Academia Class program, especially with regard to co-teaching?

The main findings indicate that the trainer-teachers in schools saw the trainee-teachers as a second teacher in the classroom already from the first day of their practicum (3.86), while the trainee kindergarten teachers were not seen as second kindergarten teachers (2.86) by their trainers. This difference was found to be significant. In contrast it was found that in early childhood education, the trainee-teachers reported that they felt they were an integral part of the kindergarten staff in a more significant manner - synergetic teaching (3.94) than did the trainee-teachers in the schools (3.03). Moreover, it was found that there was a gap between the way in which the trainee-teachers perceived themselves as second teachers in co-teaching (3.27) and the way in which they were perceived by the trainer-teachers (3.45) and kindergarten teachers (3.78) The trainee-teachers saw themselves as equal (over-evaluation) to the teachers/kindergarten teachers, in contrast to the perceptions of the trainer-teachers in schools and kindergartens.

From the qualitative analyses, we found several categories that were identified as meaningful: interpersonal interaction, suitable training and preparation, high-quality teachers/student-teachers, motivation and emotions expressed because of this unique experience. Content analysis of the reflective consideration of the program participants to this question indicated that subjective interpersonal interactions (trainee-trainer in schools and in kindergartens) produced various feelings. These findings echoed and complemented the findings from the quantitative part of the research. The main conclusion from the findings is that the trainee-teachers were seen as secondary trainee-teachers and not as second teachers. In contrast, in the kindergartens although the trainee-teachers were not portrayed as second teachers, over the year they felt a sense of equality with the kindergarten teacher  and as  full participants  in the pedagogic work of the kindergarten teacher  received  a higher level of co-teaching.
Attitudes to School Teacher and Peers – Mixed Ethnicity Groups Compared to Majority and Minority Student Networks
Authors: Holfve-Sabel Mary-Anne
Published: March 2019

Aims: The general aim of this study was to investigate students’ attitudes to school, teacher and peers in voluntarily-chosen networks with respect to ethnicity and gender.

Study Design: Self-reports on attitudes were collected from 12-year old students in 77 grade 6 classes in the city of Göteborg, Sweden. Social networks were made up of students who voluntarily and reciprocally chose each other to be with during breaks.

Place and Duration of Study: Sampling of all data autumn 2003. Work up of sociometric data 2016.

Methodology: Based on a previous two-level confirmatory factor analysis, three school factors and four relational factors were identified. Social network analysis of the choices was carried out using a Matlab program identifying reciprocal (bilateral) choices. Three categories of network were identified using the names of their members. Mixed ethnicity networks were compared to majority (Scandinavian), and minority networks (Non-Scandinavian). Members outside networks were labelled “Outsiders”.

Results: One out of five students was classified non-Scandinavian. Non-Scandinavian networks had high scoring for the categories “Interest in School” and “Working Atmosphere”. In Scandinavian networks, girls were more anxious at school and scored relationships to their classmates and the view of their peers significantly lower than the male students. Girls in this category also felt that disruption in the classroom was more common while the boys were, apparently, more tolerant of it. Within Mixed networks, gender differences were exclusively dependent on Non-Scandinavian students’ attitudes. Non-Scandinavian girls in the Mixed networks were surprisingly similar to their female Scandinavian peers. Individuals outside networks were overrepresented among Non-Scandinavians. They showed weaker relationships with classmates, had more problems with peers and were more anxious at school. Furthermore, they considered disruption during lessons to be common.

Conclusion: Promotion of a mixture of ethnicities appeared best for improving attitudes to school. Immigrant children were overrepresented in the Outsider group, and at risk of rejection.
Impact of Thermal Treatment on Anatomical and Mechanical Properties of Ricinodendron heudelotii Wood
Authors: Iyiola E. A. , Ayanleye S. O. , Catherine O. , Olufemi B. , Faruwa F. A. , Wekesa A.
Published: March 2019

The study examined the impact of thermal treatment on anatomical and mechanical properties Ricinodendron heudelotii wood. Wood samples were oven dried at 105°C and cooled in a desiccator to a constant weight before the thermal treatment. Heat treatment of wood was carried out in a Furnace at 120°C, 140°C and 160°C for 45 minutes and 90 minutes. The Density, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and the anatomical properties were assessed. The results for Density of Ricinodendron heudelotii wood showed decrease from 279 kg/m3 (120°C at 45 minutes) to 256 kg/m3 (160°C at 90 minutes) while that of control was 281 kg/m3   which was lower than the treated samples. The increase in temperature with time had effect of the color of wood as it changed from creamy white to dark brown. The image of untreated and treated samples showed no significant changes within and among treatment groups as there was no effect of treatment time and exposure on the samples.

The MOE of heat treated Ricinodendron heudelotii increased from 2064.84 N/mm2 (140°C for 45 minutes) to 2271.93 N/mm2 (160°C for 90 minutes) while MOR decreased from 40.56 N/mm2 (140°C for 90 minutes) to 33.53 N/mm2 (160°C for 90 minutes). The study revealed that the wood could be used in a light furniture as unnecessarily heavy wood is not important. Also, the study proved effective in improving the modulus of elasticity of the wood.
Deep Ultraviolet Light Source from Ultrathin GaN/AlN MQW Structures with Output Power Over 2 Watt
Authors: Wang Yixin , Rong Xin , Ivanov Sergey , Jmerik Valentin , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Hui , Wang Tao , Wang Ping , Jin Peng , Chen Yanan , Kozlovsky Vladimir , Sviridov Dmitry , Zverev Michail , Zhdanova Elena , Gamov Nikita , Studenov Valentin , Miyake Hideto , Li Hongwei , Guo Shiping , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Yu Tongjun , Qin Zhixin , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Wang Xinqiang
Published: March 2019

High‐output‐power electron‐beam (e‐beam) pumped deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources, operating at 230–270 nm, are achieved by adjusting the well thickness of binary ultrathin GaN/AlN multiple quantum wells. These structures are fabricated on high‐quality thermally annealed AlN templates by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. Owing to the reduced dislocation density, large electron–hole overlap, and efficient carrier injection by e‐beam, the DUV light sources demonstrate high output powers of 24.8, 122.5, and 178.8 mW at central wavelengths of 232, 244, and 267 nm, respectively. Further growth optimization and employing an e‐gun with increased beam current lead to a record output power of ≈2.2 W at emission wavelength of ≈260 nm, the key wavelength for water sterilization. This work manifests the practical levels of high‐output‐power DUV light sources operated by using e‐beam pumping method.
Metamorphosis of Seaweeds into Multitalented Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Shin Myoungsoo , Song Woo‐Jin , Han Jung‐Gu , Hwang Chihyun , Lee Sangyeop , Yoo Seokkeun , Park Sewon , Song Hyun‐Kon , Yoo Seungmin , Choi Nam‐Soon , Park Soojin
Published: March 2019

Transition metal ion dissolution due to hydrofluoric acid attack is a long‐standing issue in the Mn‐based spinel cathode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Numerous strategies have been proposed to address this issue, but only a fragmentary solution has been established. In this study, reported is a seaweed‐extracted multitalented material, namely, agar, for high‐performance LIBs comprising Mn‐based cathode materials at a practical loading density (23.1 mg cm−2 for LiMn2O4 and 10.9 mg cm−2 for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, respectively). As a surface modifier, 3‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is employed to enable the agar to have different phase separation behaviors during the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation process, thus eventually leading to the fabrication of an outstanding separator membrane that features a well‐defined porous structure, superior mechanical robustness, high ionic conductivity, and good thermal stability. The GPTMS‐modified agar separator membrane coupled with a pure agar binder to the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite full cell leads to exceptional improvement in electrochemical performance outperforming binders and separator membrane in current commercial products even at 55 °C; this improvement is due to beneficial features such as Mn2+ chelation and PF5 stabilizing capabilities. This study is believed to provide insights into the potential energy applications of natural seaweeds.
The dramatic effect of intravenous glycyrrhizin on acute‐on‐chronic hepatic failure in chronic hepatitis B patients without liver cirrhosis
Authors: Lin Chien‐Chu , Weng Meng‐Tzu , Chung Chen‐Shuan , Liang Cheng‐Chao
Published: March 2019

Chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation carries a high risk of mortality even in the era of advanced antiviral agents. Derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, glycyrrhizin is a natural compound possessing anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties and having a membrane‐stabilizing effect. The significant reductive effect of its aqueous solution, Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC), on serum levels of transaminases has been previously demonstrated. Furthermore, it is effective in the treatment of subacute hepatic failure. In this prospective case series, we examined the efficacy of the combination treatment of glycyrrhizin and entecavir on acute‐on‐chronic hepatic failure in chronic hepatitis B patients. Every patient received a combination of oral entecavir and intravenous SNMC 100 mL (glycyrrhizin 200 mg) daily for 5 days. We evaluate the 3‐ and 6‐month survival rates, percentage of patients returning to liver compensation within 30 days, and the days of hospital stay. Ten patients were enrolled in this study. Before treatment, the mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels were 2101 ± 931 IU/L and 7.4 ± 2.2 mg/dL, respectively. The ALT level nearly halved after 2 days of treatment. The average hospital stay was 6.3 ± 1.3 days, and the 3‐ and 6‐month survival rate was 100%. A return to liver compensation within 30 days was achieved in eight patients (80%). This preliminary study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of combination treatment of SNMC and entecavir for about 5 days, which may result in shorter hospital stays and good survival of chronic hepatitis B patients with acute‐on‐chronic hepatic failure.