bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Occupational Factors, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Military Women in Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kwon Eunji , Park Jeongok , Kim Sue , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: February 2021

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important concept to consider both individuals' ability to manage their daily lives and health status across the lifespan. Despite this variable's importance, there is a lack of clarification on the factors associated with HRQOL, especially for military women. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with HRQOL of military women in the Korea Army.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 196 participants who were currently within their 5-year service period. Differences in HRQOL according to general and occupational factors were analyzed using the independent t-test and analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the HRQOL of women serving as military junior officers.Results: The mean score for the physical component summary (PCS) of HRQOL was 56.0±5.8, and that for the mental component summary (MCS) of HRQOL was 47.2±10.0. For depression, the mean score was 5.4±5.2, whereas 19.4% of the participants scored more than 10 out of 27 points, which means moderate to severe. No variables showed statistically significant relationships with the PCS. However, significant relationships with the MCS were found for rank (β = -3.63, p <. 001), duty time (β = -4.93, p = .029), perceived stress (β = -0.61, p <. 001), and depression (β = -0.90, p <. 001).Conclusions: Although depression levels were not severe, it was a significant factor of HRQOL and thus the need for depression screening and regular depression management in women serving in the ROK Army to improve their HRQOL. Considering these results, nursing officers should conduct frequent testing related to mental health and take steps to manage high-risk groups. This study also contributes to the literature by providing basic data for the establishment of an appropriate health service environment and systematic health management policies.
Single Base Station Positioning based on Multipath Parameter Clustering in NLOS Environment
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Qihong , Zhou Mu , Yang Xiaolong , Nie Wei , Xie Liangbo
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a scattering area model based on the spatial layout and a joint clustering algorithm for processing multipath parameters extracted from the model. First of all, we construct a scatter area model based on the spatial layout of obstacles near the base station and then collect the multipath signals needed for positioning and extract parameters. Second, we use the joint clustering algorithm improved by k-means clustering and mean shift clustering algorithm to process the parameters and extract useful information. Third, the processed information is combined with the spatial layout information of the scattering area model to construct equations, and then the solving problem of equations is converted into a least-squares optimization problem. Finally, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution and estimate the mobile target position. The simulation results show that the positioning algorithm in this paper can use a single base station to locate the target in an outdoor Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment, and the accuracy is improved compared with the traditional positioning algorithm.
Exogenous H2S Preventing PDC-E1 Translocation to Nucleus and Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Diabetic State
Authors: Zhang linxue , Jiang xiaoshu , Li mingyu , Kang jiaxin , Chen lingxue , Tang jingyuan , Zhang shiwu , Lu fanghao , zhang weihua
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe poliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main cause of diabetic vascular complications. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous molecule, is involved in modulating multiple physiological functions. H2S could inhibit VSMCs proliferation induced by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, however, the mechanisms are unclear. ResultsOur results showed that H2S level was lower and expression of proliferative protein for PCNA and CyclinD1 was higher in db/db mice aorta and VSMC treated by glucose and palmitate, whereas, exogenous H2S decreased PCNA and CyclinD1 expression. We found that mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E1 (PDC-E1) was significantly translocated to the nucleus of VSMCs with the treatment of high glucose and palmitate, and it increased the level of acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation (H3K9Ac). Exogenous H2S inhibited PDC-E1 translocation from mitochondria to nucleus, due to PDC-E1 being modified via S-sulfhydration. In addition, PDC-E1 was mutated at Cys101. Overexpression of PDC-E1 mutated at Cys101 enhanced histone acetylation (H3K9Ac) and VSMCs proliferation.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that H2S regulated PDC-E1 S-sulfhydration at Cys101 to prevent its translocation from mitochondria to nucleus and inhibit VSMCs proliferation in diabetic conditions.
Early Signs of Atypical Pneumoconiosis in a Dental Technician in Italy: a Case Report
Authors: Tiraboschi Mara Maria , Sala Emma , Ferroni Matteo , Tironi Andrea , Borghesi Andrea , Gilberti Maria Enrica , Ceruti Paolo , Sansone Emanuele , Palma Giuseppe De
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND Dental technicians are at high risk of pneumoconiosis, usually driven by inhalation of mixed dusts, including metals. An etiological diagnosis is not easy to be performed, particularly in advanced stages. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of an atypical early pneumoconiosis occurring in a 47-year-old dental technician who developed early respiratory symptoms shortly after beginning work. She described the work environment as dusty and lacking relevant primary prevention tools. A chest CT showed multiple peripheral pseudonodular lesions in both lower lobes; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial aspirate (BAS) evidenced numerous macrophages with reflective metal bodies included into the cytoplasm, that at scanning electron microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis resulted Zirconium and Aluminum, whereas Tungsten (W) was localized outside cells. End of shift urinary concentrations of W were substantially raised as compared to pre-shift (1,1 vs 0,2 µg/L). CONCLUSIONS We concluded for diagnosis of early work-related pneumoconiosis due to abnormal occupational exposure to metals. The case demonstrates the need also for dental professionals to comply with industrial hygiene standards and to be monitored by occupational health physicians.
The Transfer Mechanism of Pollution Industry in China Under Multi-factor Combination Model--Based on Industry, Location and Environment Perspectives
Authors: li chuang , xia wenjing , wang liping
Published: February 2021

In the process of industry transfer, how to ensure the sustainable development of ecological environment is a very important problem for every local government. Therefore, this paper introduces environmental factors into the transfer mechanism of pollution industry, establishes a Triangle Model, and empirically studies the transfer mechanism of China’s pollution industry under various combination scenarios based on the panel data of 30 provinces in 2000–2015. The results show that: (1) The pollution industry transfer is the result of the change of regional competitive advantages; the industrial advantage is the primary factor of pollution industry transfer in China and is positive role in attracting industrial transfer. (2) With the continuous promotion of regional coordination strategy and ecological civilization construction, the attraction of regional factors to industry transfer has been reduced, and the inhibition of environmental factors to pollution industry is increasing. In addition, it is worth noting that China’s pollution industry had not gone to “innovation highland” but “environmental depression” during the research period, that is, the phenomenon of PHH more likely happened during the process of industry transfer among Chinese provinces. The paper suggests that all provinces should adhere to the concept of green development and promote industrial transformation and upgrading through industry transfer.
Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotics, Antibiotic-Resistance Genes and Bacterial Communities in Hospital Wastewater
Authors: Yao Shijie , Ye Jianfeng , Yang Qing , Hu Yaru , Zhang Tianyang , Jiang Lei , Munezero Salvator , Lin Kuangfei , cui changzheng
Published: February 2021

Hospital wastewater contains a variety of human-related antibiotics and pathogens, which makes the treatment of hospital wastewater essential. However, there is a lack of research on these pollutants in hospital wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the characteristics and removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in independent treatment processes of hospitals of different scales (primary hospital H1, secondary hospital H2, and tertiary hospital H3) were investigated. The occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs in wastewater from three hospitals varied greatly. The first-generation cephalosporin cefradine was detected at a concentration of 2.38 μg/L in untreated wastewater of H1, while the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime had the highest concentration, 540.39 μg/L, in H3. Ofloxacin was detected at a frequency of 100% and had removal efficiencies of 44.2%, 51.5%, and 81.6% for H1, H2, and H3, respectively. The highest relative abundances of the β-lactam resistance gene blaGES-1 (1.77×10-3 copies/16S rRNA), quinolone resistance gene qnrA (8.81×10-6 copies/16S rRNA), and integron intI1 (1.86×10-4 copies/16S rRNA) were detected in the treated wastewaters. The concentrations of several ARGs were increased in the treated wastewater (e.g., blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10 and blaTEM-1). Several pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas) were observed with high relative abundances in the treated wastewater. These results suggested the co-occurrence of novel antibiotics, ARGs, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in hospital wastewater that may spread into the receiving water environment.
C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Is a Powerful Prognostic Indicator for Survival in Surgically Resected Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Xianglong , Cui Jian , Li Zijian , Zhao Gang
Published: February 2021

Background Systemic inflammation and malnutrition may promote tumor progression. C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) is linked with poor long-term survival of several malignant tumors.Purpose To explore the predictive value of CAR in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 325 patients with GIST who underwent radical surgery from 2009 to 2018. The cut-off point of CAR was set using X-tile software. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression model were used to study the prognostic value of CAR. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve(tROC) was drawn, and the prognostic accuracy of CAR, Glasgow prognosis score (GPS), and NIH risk classification was compared by the area under the curve (AUC).Results The best cut-off point of CAR was 0.55. Increased CAR was associated with the location of the lower digestive tract, larger tumor size, higher mitotic index, higher NIH risk classification, lower ALB, higher CRP, and higher GPS (all p<0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that CAR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.598, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.385-4.874; p=0.003) was an independent predictor of overall survival. Additionally, the AUC of CAR was lower than that of NIH risk classification at 2-year (0.601vs. 0.775, p=0.002) and 5-year (0.629 vs. 0.735, p=0.069). However, the AUC of NIH risk classification was significantly increased (2-year OS 0.801, p=0.251; 5-year OS 0.777, p=0.011) when it was combined with CAR.Conclusions CAR is a new independent predictor of poor survival in patients with GIST. CAR combined with NIH risk classification can effectively improve the performance of prognosis prediction.
Effect of Dip-Coating Cycle on Some Physical Properties of Cu2NiSnS4 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: ZITI Ahmed , HARTITI Bouchaib , BELAFHAILI Amine , LABRIM Hicham , FADILI Salah , RIDAH Abderraouf , TAHRI Mounia , THEVENIN Philippe
Published: February 2021

Quaternary semiconductor Cu2NiSnS4 thin film was made by the sol-gel method associated to dip-coating technique on ordinary glass substrates. In this paper, we have studied the impact of dip-coating cycle at different cycles: 4, 5 and 6 on the structural, compositional, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics. CNTS thin films have been analyzed by various characterization techniques including: X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy and four-point probe method. XRD spectra demonstrated the formation of cubic Cu2NiSnS4 with privileged orientation at (111) plane. Crystallite size of cubic CNTS thin films increase with from 6.30 to 9.52 with dip-coating cycle augmented. Raman scattering confirmed the existence of CNTS thin films by Raman vibrational mode positioned at 332 cm− 1. EDS investigations showed near-stoichiometry of CNTS sample deposited at 5 cycles. Scanning electron microscope showed uniform surface morphologies without any crack. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated that the optical absorption values are larger than 104 cm− 1, Estimated band gap energy of CNTS absorber layers decrease from 1.64 to 1.5 eV with dip-coating cycle increased. The electrical conductivity of CNTS thin films increase from 0.19 to 4.16 (Ω cm)-1. These characteristics are suitable for solar cells applications.
University Student’s Lifestyle Changes During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Spanish Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Ruiz-Zaldibar Cayetana , García-Garcés Laura , Vicario-Merino Ángel , Mayoral-Gonzalo Noemí , Lluesma-Vidal Marta , Ruiz-López Montserrat , Pérez-Manchón David
Published: February 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has an impact on the university student’s lifestyles. The present study aims to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyles among Spanish university students during the confinement.
Method:

An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a 2-time cut was conducted during the month of April in 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data was then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. The STROBE cross-sectional reporting guidelines were followed on this study.
Results

76.3% of the participants were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students had significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students have been especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = .010). For women, social and family relationships (p < .001), personality (p < .001), interior (p < .001) and career (p < .001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise practice (p < .001), social and family relationships (p < .001) and career (p = .002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < .001) and alcohol (p < .001). Gender (p = .008) and obesity (p = .044) are the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire.
Conclusions

The Spanish university students’ lifestyles have worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially women who were the most affected. Some aspects such as those related to social and emotional behaviors have been deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.
Trade-Off Between Duration of Pupal Hypoxia For Irradiation and Transportation and Quality Control Parameters of Sterile Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera Tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Gaire Sushil Kumar , Rempoulakis Polychronis , Taylor Phillip W. , Mainali Bishwo P.
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
High Rates of Streptococcus Agalactiae Clindamycin and Erythromycin Resistance in Vietnamese Pregnant Women
Authors: Du Vu , Dung Pham Thai , Toan Nguyen Linh , Mao Can , Bac Nguyen Thanh , Tong Hoang Văn , Son Ho Anh , Viet Nguyen Thanh
Published: February 2021

Background

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Maternal GBS colonization rates vary depending on geographic area, ethnic and social conditions worldwide. Many studies suggested the continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide decision-making and planning prevention and control strategies. Here, we report the rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS from Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 year period.
Methods

We worked with 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women at < 37 weeks of gestation at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020. The data were recorded and retrieved from the computerized laboratory database. GBS was identified according to the American Society for Microbiology’s guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the VITEK 2 system or E-test strips. The results were calculated according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Results

The positivity for GBS was 8.02% (310/3863) and the highest resistance rate was to tetracycline 89.66% (234/261), followed by 76.23% (202/265) for erythromycin, 58.21% (156/268) for clindamycin. The multidrug-resistance rate was 59.19% (161/272), and 8.46% (23/272) of isolates were resistant to 6 to 7 of the 12 antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin in the absence of erythromycin resistance was found in 6/272 (2.2%) samples. The resistance rate to clindamycin was significantly increased (p < 0.01) over the time study period. Nevertheless, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.
Conclusion

Our results indicate that penicillin and ampicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases for Vietnamese pregnant women. However, antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was high. Thus, it reinforces the need for continuous surveillance of GBS to provide data to guide planning prevention and control strategies.
Identifying Unintentional Medication Discrepancies at Admission among Elderly Inpatients in Vietnam
Authors: Dong Phuong Thi Xuan , Pham Van Thi Thuy , Nguyen Linh Thi , Nguyen Thao Thi , Nguyen Huong Thi Lien , Hua Susan , Li Shu Chuen
Published: February 2021

Background Elderly patients are at high risk of unintentional medication discrepancies during transition care as they are more likely to have multiple comorbidities and chronic diseases that require multiple medications. The main objective of the study was to measure the occurrence and identify risk factors for unintentional medication discrepancies in elderly inpatients during hospital admission.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from July to December 2018 in a 800-bed geriatric hospital in Hanoi, North Vietnam. Patients over 60 years of age, admitted to one of selected internal medicine wards, taking at least one chronic medication before admission, and staying at least 48 hours were eligible for enrolment. Medication discrepancies of chronic medications before and after admission of each participant were identified by a pharmacist using a step-by-step protocol for the medication reconciliation process. The identified discrepancies were then classified as intentional or unintentional by an assessment group comprised of a pharmacist and a physician. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors of medication discrepancies.Results Among 192 enrolled patients, 328 medication discrepancies were identified; of which 87 (26.5%) were unintentional. 32.3% of patients had at least one unintentional medication discrepancy. The most common unintentional medication discrepancy was omission of drugs (75.9% of 87 medication discrepancies). The logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between the number of discrepancies at admission and the type of treatment wards. Conclusions Medication discrepancies are common at admission among Vietnamese elderly inpatients. This study confirms the importance of obtaining a comprehensive medication history at hospital admission and supports implementing a medication reconciliation program to reduce the negative impact of medication discrepancy, especially for the elderly population.
Descriptive epidemiology and survival analysis of acromegaly in Korea
Authors: Yun Soo Jin , Lee Jung Kuk , Park Jinsun , Park So Young , Chin Sang Ouk
Published: February 2021

Acromegaly is a rare, slowly progressive disease. Its mechanism is not fully understood, and epidemiological research on Korean patients with acromegaly is scarce. To determine the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly and assess the comorbidities and survival benefits based on treatment options. This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database to evaluate the incidence of newly diagnosed acromegaly cases during 2013–2017. During the 5-year period, 1,093 patients were newly diagnosed with acromegaly. The average annual incidence was 4.2 cases per million per year, and the prevalence was 32.1 cases per million during this period. The incidence of hypertension was low after medical treatment (hazard ratio 0.257, 95% confidence interval: 0.082–0.808, P = 0.0201), but the incidence of diabetes showed no significant difference across treatment modalities. Over a period of 6 years since diagnosis, we found that patients treated for acromegaly had a significantly higher survival rate than those untreated (P = 0.0003). The annual incidence rate of Korean patients with acromegaly was similar to that reported in previous studies. Using nationwide population data, our study emphasized the importance of treatment in acromegaly patients.
Collinsella provencensis sp. nov., a new species identified from healthy human gut microbiota.
Authors: BENABDELKADER Sarah , LO Cheikh Ibrahima , NAUD Sabrina , DIONE Niokhor , ALIBAR Stéphane , FADLANE Amael , FOURNIER Pierre-Edouard , FENOLLAR Florence , Lagier Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2021

A Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterium was isolated from the stool sample of a healthy French volunteer. A taxonogenomics approach was adopted to characterize it. Cells are rod shaped non-spore-forming and non-motile. Growth of strain Marseille-P3740 occurs at 37°C in anaerobic atmosphere at pH 7. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis of the novel strain Marseille-P3740 displayed 96.31% similarity in nucleotide sequence with Collinsella intestinalis strain JCM 10643, the phylogenetically closest related species with standing in nomenclature. C16:0, C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 are the major cellular fatty acid components. The genomic of strain Marseille-P3740T is 1.74 Mbp long with 59.1 mol% of G + C content. Based on the taxonogenomic description and the phenotypic and biochemical properties of this bacterium, we propose the strain Marseille-P3740T (= CSUR P3740 = CCUG 70947) as a new species, Collinsella provencensis sp. nov.
Effect of Employing Chromium as a Buffer Layer on the Crystallinity of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films Grown by LPCVD
Authors: Chen Xi , Luan Kairan , Zhang Wenbo , Liu Xiuhuan , Zhao Jihong , Hou Lixin , Gao Yanjun , Song Junfeng , Chen Zhanguo
Published: February 2021

Using chromium (Cr), which was deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, as a buffer layer for synthesizing high-quality hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) was demonstrated. The effect of growth temperature and annealing process on the quality of the Cr buffer layer was investigated. The characterization of the dependence of hBN film quality on growth temperature, substrate, and annealing process was discussed. All evidence shows that using a Cr buffer layer can significantly improve the crystalline quality of hBN. A DUVPD based on hBN film using Cr as the bottom electrode was fabricated with a small leakage current. The photocurrent is 3.5 nA at a bias of 500 V, and it exhibits good switching characteristics.
Nurse Leaders’ Reflections and Difficulties Fighting the NCP Epidemic： A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Tang Lihua , Da Huanyuan , Lu Huan , Shi Xinping , Li Lu
Published: February 2021

Objective. To understand the difficulties and survival strategies in nursing during NCP outbreak, and to reflect and summarize the experience. Background. Since December 2019, the highly infectious novel coronavirus pneumonia overwhelmed health care systems and medical workers who had to provide care in situations involving high personal risk and stress, some becoming infected and dying. Nurse leaders had to develop new strategies for nursing care. Methods. Using the phenomenological research method in qualitative research, 8 head nurses who participated in NCP treatment were interviewed in-depth, and then Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to summarize.Results. Working under great pressure, nursing leaders led the team through a period of crisis: shock and fear, learning in chaos, supporting nurses, and rewarding nurses. Conclusion. As important intervention performers in the crisis, nurse leaders need to have their own outstanding leadership to effectively manage internal conflicts and interpersonal relationships, strengthen teamwork training and establish supportive system so as to better deal with the management of similar public health events in the future. Relevance to clinical practice. Findings will assist nurse leaders to prepare themselves in the outbreak. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to disaster management in similar infectious outbreaks in the future.
Isoconazole and Clemizole Hydrochloride Partially Reverse the Xeroderma Pigmentosum C Phenotype
Authors: Kobaisi Farah , Sulpice Eric , Barette Caroline , Fayyad Nour , Fauvarque Marie-Odile , Badran Bassam , Fayyad-Kazan Mohammad , Fayyad-Kazan Hussein , Gidrol Xavier , Rachidi Walid
Published: February 2021

Xeroderma Pigmentosum protein C (XPC) is involved in recognition and repair of bulky DNA damage such as lesions induced by Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. XPC-mutated cells are, therefore, photosensitive and accumulate DNA damage leading to increased cancer incidence. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify chemicals capable of normalizing the XP-C phenotype (hyper-photosensitivity and accumulation of photoproducts). Fibroblasts from XP-C patients were treated with a library of approved chemical drugs. Out of 1280 tested chemicals, 16 showed ≥ 25% photo-resistance with RZscore above 2.6 and two drugs were able to favor repair of 6 − 4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP). Among these two compounds, Isoconazole could partially inhibit apoptosis of the irradiated cells especially when cells were post-treated directly after UV irradiation while Clemizole Hydrochloride-mediated increase in viability was dependent on both pre and post-treatment. No synergistic effect was recorded following combined drug treatment and the compounds exerted no effect on the proliferative capacity of the cells post UV exposure. Amelioration of XP-C phenotype is a pave way towards understanding the accelerated skin cancer initiation in XP-C patients. Further examination is required to decipher the molecular mechanisms targeted by these two chemicals.
Incorporating Missing Outcome Data in The Sample Size Calculation For a Future Trial: A Case Study Using a Single Trial, a Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Spineli Loukia
Published: February 2021

Background: To illustrate the advantages of using network meta-analysis (NMA) as compared to a trial or a pairwise meta-analysis to estimate the amount of missing outcome data (MOD) for a target comparison in order to adjust the required sample size for possible participant losses in a future trial.Methods: We introduced the concept of transitive risks to obtain the absolute risks of MOD for all interventions of the network. We used the network of a published systematic review on a binary outcome to apply the proposed concept and to calculate the required sample size in a future trial for a selected target comparison. For that comparison, we also calculated the required sample size using the corresponding trials separately, and after pooling these trials in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Ignoring MOD from the sample size calculation led to the smallest sample size. When either trial was considered, the risk of MOD ranged from 1% to 13% in the compared intervention arms, therefore, increasing the sample size from 1% to 12%. Performing a pairwise meta-analysis yielded a risk of MOD equal to 6% and 9% in the active and control arms, respectively, which inflated the sample size by 8%. Using NMA, the corresponding risks of MOD were 10% and 13%, which increased the sample size by 13%. Conclusions: Provided that the transitivity assumption holds, incorporating the absolute risks of MOD in the sample size calculation for a target comparison of the network led to better planning of a future trial.
Predictors of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis
Authors: Quan Zhou , Xin-feng Zhou , Jun-xin Zhang , Xin Tian , Hui-lin Yang , Fan He , Tao Liu
Published: February 2021

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is widely reported as a very common postoperative complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip and knee in elderly patients, leading to a variety of adverse effects. We sought to investigate predictors of delirium after TJA.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to May 2020 for studies examining POD following TJA in elderly patients. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) of those who experienced delirium compared to those who did not were calculated for each variable. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the study quality evaluation. Results: Fifteen studies with 31 potential factors were included in the meta-analysis. In the primary analysis, 9 factors were associated with POD, comprising advanced age (MD 3.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–5.83), dementia (OR 24.85; 95% CI 7.26–85.02), hypertension (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.31–3.89), diabetes (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.15–3.55), stroke (OR 14.61; 95% CI 5.26–40.55), psychiatric illness (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.45–5.08), use of sedative-hypnotics (OR 6.42; 95% CI 2.53–16.27), lower preoperative levels of hemoglobin (MD −0.56; 95% CI −0.89–−0.22), and lower preoperative mini-mental state examination score (MD −0.40; 95% CI −0.69–−0.12). Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, of which 24 factors were additionally correlated with POD using single studies.Conclusions: We identified predictors of POD in elderly patients following TJA. These findings may be used to identify patients with a high risk of delirium who are most likely to benefit from postoperative recovery.
Low and Medium dose Statins Improve Function and Prognosis of Asian Ischemic Stroke Patients with Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Cui Chaohua , Bao Jiajia , Gao Lijie , He Li
Published: February 2021

Background: For acute ischaemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis combined with statins might increase the therapeutic effect; however, it is uncertain whether this is effective. Additionally, statins can increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage in ischaemic stroke patients, further raising doubts regarding the safety of this combination. Methods: Data from consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis were prospectively collected. Efficacy outcomes included NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score improvement at 7 days after admission and mRS (Modified Rankin Scale) improvement at 90 days. Safety outcomes included haemorrhage events in the hospital and death events within 2 years. Results: The study finally included 222 patients. The statin group had a higher percentage of NIHSS improvement at 7 days (p<0.001) and a higher percentage of a favourable functional outcome (FFO) (p<0.001) at 90 days. The statin group had a lower percentage of intracerebral haemorrhage (p<0.001) and gastrointestinal haemorrhage (p=0.004) in the hospital and a lower percentage of death events (p<0.001) within 2 years. Logistic regression indicated that statin use was significantly related to NIHSS improvement (OR=2.291, p=0.014), a lower percentage of intracerebral haemorrhage (OR=0.379, p=0.008) and gastrointestinal haemorrhage (OR=0.027, p=0.023), and a lower percentage of death events (OR=0.196, p<0.001). Conclusion: For Asian acute ischaemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis, the use of low- and medium-dose statins was related to NIHSS improvement of moderate stroke patients at 7 days, with a reduced percentage of haemorrhage events in the hospital and a lower percentage of death events within 2 years, especially for moderate stroke or noncardioembolic stroke patients.
The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa
Authors: Ajaero Chukwuedozie Kelechukwu , Wet-Billings Nicole De , Atama Chiemezie , Agwu Prince , Eze Eberechukwu Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Background

The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa.
Methods

Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15–64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5,206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis
Results

More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4–6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants.
Conclusions

These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.
Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute kidney injury within 1-month after lung transplantation
Authors: Kim Nam Eun , Kim Chi Young , Kim Song Yee , Kim Ha Eun , Lee Jin Gu , Paik Hyo Chae , Park Moo Suk
Published: February 2021

Background

After lung transplantation (LT), some patients are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality.
Method

Among 161 patients who underwent LT at Severance hospital in Seoul, Korea from October 2012 to September 2017, 148 patients were retrospectively enrolled.
Results

59 (39.8%) developed AKI within 1-month after LT. Stage I or II, and stage III AKI were recorded in 26 (17.5%) and 33 (22.2%), respectively. AKI III usually occurred within 7 days after transplantation (early vs. late AKI III, 72.5% vs 21.1%). Pre-operative anemia, units of red blood cells transfused during surgery, colistin intravenous infusion for treating multi drug resistant pathogens were independent risk factors for AKI development. Post-operative bleeding, grade 3 PGD within 72 hrs, and sepsis were more common in the AKI group. Patients with AKI III ([24/33] 72.7%) had significantly higher 1-year mortality than the no-AKI ([18/89] 20.2%), and AKI I or II group ([9/26] 34.6%), log-rank test, P < 0.001).
Conclusion

AKI was associated with worse post-operative outcome, 3-month, and 1-year mortality after LT. Severity of AKI was usually determined in early post op period after LT, so optimal post-operative management as well as recipients selection should be considered.
Three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an Electric Submerged Arc Furnace
Authors: Karalis Konstantinos , Karalis Nikolaos , Karkalos Nikolaos , Antipas Georgios S.E. , Xenidis Anthimos
Published: February 2021

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is proposed for the analysis of the operation of a submerged electric arc furnace (EAF) used in the ferronickel production. The three-dimensional mathematical model was initiated for the time dependent solution of the fluid flow, heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena. The physical properties of the slag, which has crucial role in the EAF operation were previously determined using classical molecular dynamics simulations and empirical relationships. The analysis revealed that the main slag properties affecting the EAF operation are the density, viscosity and electrical conductivity – the latter two being mutually dependent. The high electrical conductivity values of the slag favors melting via the high Joule heat produced within the slag region. Calculation of the dimensionless Péclet and Reynolds numbers revealed that the slag velocities play a decisive role in heat transfer and further indicate that the slag flow is laminar. The average slag velocity calculated 0.0001 m/s with maxima in the vicinity of the electrodes.
Quantification of Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain Using Quantitative MRI
Authors: Liu Angie Landgren , Blystad Ida , Tisell Anders
Published: February 2021

Gadolinium depositions in the brain caused by Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) represent a topical issue since depositions have been confirmed, but their potential effects remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to show that quantitative MRI provides an alternative to conventional MRI for detection of gadolinium depositions without the need for reference areas, while also avoiding methodological limitations associated with conventional MRI, facilitating future studies on the subject. This retrospective observational cohort study of longitudinally acquired data uses quantitative MRI to quantify gadolinium depositions in six areas of the brain; the dentate nuclei, globus pallidi, thalami, pons, white matter and frontal cortex grey matter of 43 patients who received two to five doses of Magnevist (a linear GBCA) from 2009 to 2015. R1 was measured at baseline and after four years in the six areas of the brain of each patient. The changes in R1 were examined using a Paired-Samples T test. The correlation between doses of Magnevist and R1 was analysed using an Independent-Samples T test. There was a significant increase in R1 (p<0.05), consistent with gadolinium depositions in the dentate nuclei, globus pallidi and grey matter. No significant increase of R1 was found in the thalami, white matter or pons. A correlation between doses of Magnevist and R1 was found in the dentate nuclei and grey matter, but not in the globus pallidus. The results suggest that quantitative MRI is an alternative to conventional MRI for early detection of gadolinium depositions, while additionally providing quantitative measurements for comparison and follow-up.
Numerical Characterization of the Load Distribution in Ball Screws
Authors: Sangalli Luca , Oyanguren Aitor , Larrañaga Jon , Arana Aitor , Izquierdo Mikel , Ulacia Ibai
Published: February 2021

Load distribution in ball screws is a representation of the ball contact stress, and it is fundamental to understanding the behavior of these machine elements. This work aims to conduct a multi-variable analysis of the load distribution in ball screws. For this purpose, a numerical tool is developed for the generation and calculation of ball screw FEM models, which has been validated against the state of the art. Many different design variables are studied in order to obtain a general characterization of the morphology of the load distribution in ball screws. The two most characteristic features, the non-uniformity at a local and global level are identified, along with as the possible causes of their appearance and the consequences that they may cause.
Predicting the loss to follow-up of HIV-infected patients on ART in a rural area in South Africa using generalized gamma distributions
Authors: Bengura Pepukai
Published: February 2021

Background - Long-term regular follow-up and high retention are the anticipated outcomes for the wellness and longevity of HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral treatment. However, these anticipated outcomes are marred by patient loss to follow-up (LTFU) which is currently exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors to LTFU among HIV/AIDS patients on ART at two rural district hospitals in South Africa.Methods— This is a retrogressive observational study whereby a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until loss to follow-up occurred or until the end of the observation period at Carolina and Embhuleni hospitals. An institutional based retrospective cohort study was undertaken among children, adolescents and adults living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART clinic between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2017. Loss to follow up was defined as not taking an ART refill for a period of 90 days or longer from the last attendance for refill and not yet classified as ‘dead’ or ‘transferred-out’ patient. Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using Generalized gamma distribution to identify the predictors of loss to follow up among HIV/AIDS patients while Kaplan-Meier model was used to estimate and compare the LTFU survival probabilities of heterogenous groups among the patients.Results— Of the 357 patients, 60.5% were female. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 36.2 (14.1), 15.4 (3.5), and 5.1 (3.5) years for adults, adolescents, and children, respectively. From 357 HIV/AIDS patients, 93 (26.05%) were lost to follow-up. Empirical results show that the Weibull distribution gives the best fit to the data. The Weibull model determined the Factors associated with significant risk factors to patient loss to follow up as: regimen EFV+D4T+3TC [HR: 2.0 CI;(1.3–3.1)], regimen EFV+AZT+3TC [HR: 2.9 CI;(1.3–6.4)], regimen EFV+3TC+TDF [HR: 10.0 CI;(3.9–25.9)], regimen NVP+3TC+TDF [HR: 10.6 CI;(1.8–62.4)], follow up CD4 [HR: 1.0 CI;(1.0–1.0)], log(follow up viral load) [HR: 0.8 CI;(0.7–0.9)], marital status (married) [HR: 0.4 CI;(0.3–0.8)], marital status (cohabitation) [HR: 0.6 CI;(0.3–0.9)], ART adherence (fair) [HR: 2.4 CI;(1.3–3.4)], ART adherence (good) [HR: 4.6 CI;(2.2–9.5)] and age [HR: 1.02 CI;(1.0–1.04)]. Discussion— Effective control and tracing measures in the at-risk population and in defaulters need to be stepped up especially during this COVID-19 period, to improve retention in hospitals. There is also need for careful adherence counseling and assessment of medication supplies.Conclusion— LTFU is more pronounced among females and is highest among adolescents. Patients with increased risk for LTFU were consistent with ART regimens, viral load, age, CD4 count, adherence and marital status.
Excess mortality by patient’s multimorbidity, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors, among Diffuse Large B–cell and Follicular lymphomas patients in England: A population-based multilevel study
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Belot Aurélien , Quartagno Matteo , Luque-Fernandez Miguel Angel , Bonaventure Audrey , Gachau Susan , Majano Sara Benitez , Rachet Bernard , Njagi Edmund Njeru
Published: February 2021

Background

Socioeconomic inequalities of survival in patients with non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) persists, which may be explained by patients’ comorbidities. We aimed to assess the association between co/multimorbidity and survival in patients diagnosed with Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBCL) or Follicular lymphoma (FL) in England accounting for other socio-demographic characteristics.
Methods

Population-based cancer registry data was linked to Hospital Episode Statistics. We used a flexible multilevel excess hazard model to estimate 5–year net survival and excess mortality by patient’s multimorbidity and comorbidity status adjusted for sociodemographic, economic, healthcare factors, and accounting for the patient’s area of residence.
Results

Overall, 15,516 and 29,898 patients were diagnosed with FL and DLBCL in England between 2005–2013, respectively. Respectively, those with comorbidities and multimorbidities had 1.3 (95% Confidence Interval -CI-: 1.20–1.40) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.27–1.87) times higher excess mortality compared to those without comorbidities. Patients in most deprived areas showed 26% (95% CI 1.20–1.32) excess mortality risk compared to those in least deprived areas.
Conclusion

Co/multimorbidities are consistently associated with poorer survival among patients diagnosed with DLBCL or FL. Comorbidities and multimorbidity need to be considered when planning public health interventions targeting haematological malignancies in England.