bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nogai ethnopedagogy: types, means and methods of education
Authors: Карданова Б.Б. , Телепень С.В. , Зинеева З.З.
Published: March 2021

Авторы рассматривают этнопедагогику ногайцев, представляющую собой целостную воспитательную систему, в которую входят такие понятия, как объект, субъект, функции и виды, факторы, методы, средства, организация воспитания и т. д. Прослеживается связь всех видов воспитания с историческим прошлым народа, особенностями его жизненного уклада. Статья основывается на материалах полевых исследований, проведенных авторами в среде кубанских, ставропольских, дагестанских и астраханских ногайцев. Ногайскому народу удалось создать эффективную систему воспитания, основанную на общечеловеческих ценностях. Главным субъектом воспитания выступала традиционная ногайская семья, которая и в настоящее время опирается на традиционные ценности ногайской этнопедагогики.

The authors consider the Nogai ethnopedagogy as an integral educational system which includes such concepts as object, subject, functions and types, factors, methods, means, organization of education, etc. The connection of all types of education with the historical past of the people, and the peculiarities of their way of life are traced. The article is based on the materials of the field research conducted by the authors among the Kuban, Stavropol, Dagestan and Astrakhan Nogais. The Nogai people managed to create an effective system of education based on universal values. The main subject of education was a traditional Nogai family, which is still based on the traditional values of Nogai ethnopedagogy.
The processes of adaptation and transformation of the Altai traditional ethics in the modern sociocultural environment
Authors: Садалова Т.М.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме выявления основ традиционной этики алтайцев сквозь призму рассмотрения системы традиционной культуры, которая формировалась с древнейших времен. В традиционном обществе этика являлась непосредственной реализацией моральных ценностей. Учитывая, что каждый исторический этап развития народа вносит новации в традиционную культуру и этику как положительного, так и отрицательного характера, эти новации проходят периоды адаптации, что в целом нарушает, трансформирует и деформирует целостность традиционной этики. Автор фокусируется на жизнеспособности традиционной этике в новых условиях.

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the foundations of the Altaians traditional ethics by considering the system of traditional culture, which has been formed since ancient times. In traditional society, ethics was the direct realization of moral values. Considering that each historical stage of people’s development introduces both positive and negative innovations in traditional culture and ethics, these innovations undergo periods of adaptation, which generally violates, transforms and deforms the integrity of traditional ethics. The author focuses on the viability of traditional ethics in the new conditions.
Estágio curricular supervisionado de Matemática no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Faria Rejane Waiandt Schuwartz de Carvalho , Passos Caroline Mendes dos , Rossinol Aline Marçal , Batista Luciano Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

Com abordagem metodológica de cunho qualitativo, este artigo tem por objetivo expor as experiências vivenciadas durante a realização de duas disciplinas de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado de Matemática na modalidade remota, sob a ótica dos estagiários e das professoras orientadoras. Após ser destacado o cenário de adaptações imposto pelo vírus SARS-coV2, especialmente no âmbito educacional, são apresentados os relatos de dois estagiários, estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática e, também de duas professoras que orientaram as disciplinas de estágio nesse novo contexto. Erros e acertos foram expostos, registrando um momento novo na trajetória acadêmica dos autores. No entanto, cabe destacar que o trabalho desenvolvido em colaboração foi a grande contribuição, mostrando que todos os envolvidos em um processo educacional, alunos da Educação Básica, estagiários, professores, diretores, coordenadores pedagógicos, pais e familiares, podem sair fortalecidos desse processo, munidos de novas ferramentas, em busca de uma educação em que os sujeitos envolvidos desempenhem um papel participativo.

Palavras-chave: Educação matemática. Ensino remoto. Educação básica. Estágio curricular obrigatório. Experiência de sala de aula.
Ulaş–Kangal (Sivas, Türkiye) arası bölgenin florası
Authors: GÖKTAŞ Oktay , AKPULAT Hüseyin Aşkın
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırma, Ulaş – Kangal (Sivas) arası florasını kapsamaktadır. Araştırma materyali, 18 ay süre ile toplanan bitki örneklerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu süre içinde toplanan 420 örnekten, 218 takson tayin edilmiştir. 218 taksonun 57’si (%26,1) Türkiye için endemiktir. Araştırma bölgesinin florasını 36 familya ve 128 cins ve 218 takson oluşturmaktadır. Toplam taksonlardan 2’si Pteridophyta, 216’si Spermatophyta bölümlerine aittir. Angiospermae alt bölümü 216 taksona sahiptir. Sırasıyla, Angiospermae alt bölümüne ait taksonların 197’si Dicotyledonea, 19’u Monocotyledonea sınıfında yer almaktadır. Taksonların bitki coğrafyası bölgelerine dağılım oranları şöyledir: İran-Turan elementleri 90 (%41,3), Avrupa-Sibirya elementleri 8 (%3,7), Akdeniz elementi 19 (%8,7), geniş yayılışlı ve yayılışı bilinmeyenler 101 (%46,3). En büyük on familya ve takson sayıları şu şekildedir: Asteraceae (46), Lamiaceae (28), Fabaceae (21), Liliaceae (14), Boraginaceae (13), Brassicaceae (12), Caryophyllaceae (11), Papaveraceae (9), Ranunculaceae / Scrophulariaceae (8), Rosaceae (4) En büyük on cins ve takson sayıları şöyledir: Astragalus (9), Salvia (9), Centaurea (7), Anthemis (4), Allium (5), Papaver (4), Achillea (4), Erysimum (4), Helichrysum (4), Thymus (3).
„Méltán nevezhetni chinai Homérnak”
Authors: Tokaji Zsolt
Published: March 2021

Az ókori kínai dalgyűjtemény, a Dalok könyve – mint a konfuciánus kánon része – a XVIII. századtól kezdve vált ismertté Európában. Mivel a XX. század közepéig nem akadt tudományos felkészültséggel és kínai nyelvtudással is rendelkező magyar orientalista, a kezdetben a Kínáról szóló információkat közvetítő nyelveken (német, angol, francia) keresztül interpretálva váltak elérhetővé a nagyközönség számára. A tanulmány jelentősége abban áll, hogy számos olyan, eddig rejtőzködő forrást tár fel, amelyek gazdagítják a XIX. századi magyar nyelvű ismeretanyag tárházát Kínával és a kínai kultúrával kapcsolatban. Ezek közül is különösen értékesek azok a források, amelyek a kínai versek első magyar nyelvű fordításait, műfordításait képviselik. A tanulmány első részében a Dalok könyvével kapcsolatos ismeretek, recepciók és legkorábbi fordítások olvashatók a XIX. század elejétől 1878-ig.
Bartos Huba – Hamar Imre: Kínai–magyar szótár 包甫博–郝清新: 汉匈词典
Authors: Ésik Szandra
Published: March 2021

Bartos Huba – Hamar Imre: Kínai–magyar szótár包甫博–郝清新: 汉匈词典,Budapest, ELTE Konfuciusz Intézet – Akadémiai Kiadó, 2019. 2079 oldal
Karhatalom a huszadik században Magyarországon
Authors: Tarján G. Gábor
Published: March 2021

The author provides an overview of the organisation of police forces in Hungary in the 20th century.
A Szegedi Határrendészeti Kirendeltség rendészeti tevékenységének társadalmi megítélése
Authors: Éberhardt Gábor
Published: March 2021

The author provides an overview of the tasks of a Hungarian Border Policing department.
Identifying Radio-active Galactic Nuclei among Radio-emitting Galaxies
Authors: Kozieł-Wierzbowska D. , Asari N. Vale , Stasińska G. , Herpich F. R. , Sikora M. , Żywucka N. , Goyal A.
Published: March 2021

Basing our analysis on ROGUE I, a catalog of over 32,000 radio sources associated with optical galaxies, we provide two diagnostics to select the galaxies where the radio emission is dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), referred to in the paper as radio-AGNs. Each of these diagnostics can be applied independently. The first one, dubbed MIRAD, compares the flux F

W3 in the W3 mid-infrared band of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer telescope, with the radio flux at 1.4 GHz, F
1.4. MIRAD requires no optical spectra. The second diagnostic, dubbed DLM, compares the 4000 Å break strength, D
n(4000), with the radio luminosity per unit stellar mass. The DLM diagram has already been used in the past, but not as stand-alone. For these two diagrams, we propose simple, empirical dividing lines that result in the same classification for the objects in common. These lines correctly classify as radio-AGN 99.5% of the extended radio sources in the ROGUE I catalog, and as star-forming galaxies 98%–99% of the galaxies identified as such by their emission-line ratios. Both diagrams clearly show that radio-AGNs are preferentially found among elliptical galaxies and among galaxies hosting the most massive black holes. Most of the radio sources classified as radio-AGNs in the MIRAD or DLM diagrams are either optically weak AGNs or retired galaxies.
The Central Engines of Fermi Blazars
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Domínguez A. , Ajello M. , Olmo-García A. , Hartmann D.
Published: March 2021

We present a catalog of central engine properties, i.e., black hole mass (M
BH) and accretion luminosity (L
disk), for a sample of 1077 blazars detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This includes broad emission-line systems and blazars whose optical spectra lack emission lines but are dominated by the absorption features arising from the host galaxy. The average M
BH for the sample is

, and there is evidence suggesting the association of more massive black holes with absorption-line systems. Our results indicate a bimodality of L
disk in Eddington units (L
disk/L
Edd) with broad-line objects tend to have a higher accretion rate (L
disk/L
Edd > 0.01). We have found that L
disk/L
Edd and Compton dominance (CD; the ratio of the inverse Compton to synchrotron peak luminosities) are positively correlated at the >5σ confidence level, suggesting that the latter can be used to reveal the state of accretion in blazars. Based on this result, we propose a CD-based classification scheme. Sources with CD > 1 can be classified as high-Compton-dominated or HCD blazars, whereas those with CD ≲ 1 are low-Compton-dominated (LCD) objects. This scheme is analogous to that based on the mass accretion rate proposed in the literature; however, it overcomes the limitation imposed by the difficulty in measuring L
disk and M
BH for objects with quasi-featureless spectra. We conclude that the overall physical properties of Fermi blazars are likely to be controlled by the accretion rate in Eddington units. The catalog is made public at http://www.ucm.es/blazars/engines and Zenodo.
Records and descriptions of caddisflies from Natma Taung National Park and adjacent localities in the Chin Hills of Myanmar (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Authors: Mey Wolfram , Malicky Hans
Published: March 2021

During several excursions to the Chin Hills of Myanmar from 2001 to 2015, rich collections of caddisflies were made which form the basis of the present taxonomic and biogeographic study. A total of 106 species were identified including seven new species. They are described as Arctopsyche subflavasp. nov., Hydromanicus abdominalissp. nov., Cheumatopsyche janosolahisp. nov., Lepidostoma subpanaitossp. nov., Aplatyphylax pumilussp. nov., Adicella natmataungensissp. nov. and Triaenodes mindatensissp. nov.

Illustrations of the male genitalia and images of the adults are provided. Two species names were recognised as junior synonyms: Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2000, = Hydropsyche januha Oláh & Barnard, 2008, syn. nov.; Hydropsyche khasigiri Oláh & Barnard, 2008, = Hydropsyche kiogupa Oláh & Schefter, 2008, syn. nov.

In an attempt to determine the biogeographic character of the fauna, the known ranges of all resident species were plotted into three longitudinal transects from 85°–95°E, 95–98°E and 98°–108°E, ranging from the eastern Himalayas to northern Vietnam. About half of the species have ranges extending over all three transects. The fauna is equally composed of western and eastern species qualifying the Chin Hills as part of a transition zone including palearctic elements. Most of the species, which are widely distributed in south-east Asia, are members of the suborder Annulipalpia. The investigations of the authors yielded 77 autochthonous species, which have been unrecorded from the country including the newly-described taxa. This brings the number of species records from Mynamar to 304.
Fertiliser effect on Swiss chard of black soldier fly larvae-frass compost made from food waste and faeces
Authors: Chirere T.E.S. , Khalil S. , Lalander C.
Published: March 2021

Inadequate organic waste management can have adverse health effects and pollute the environment. If the energy and nutrients in organic waste were to be used efficiently, they could increase food security. Composting using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae can convert organic waste into two valuable products: organic fertiliser, in the form of treatment residues, and animal feed protein, in the form of larvae. To demonstrate the feasibility of using BSF treatment residues as organic fertiliser, more knowledge is needed about the effect of BSF larvae-frass compost on plant growth and performance. This study examined the effect on growth of Swiss chard of five fertiliser treatments: (1) BSF larvae-frass compost of human faeces (BSF-F); (2) BSF larvae-frass compost of food waste (BSF-FW); (3) cow manure (CM), the most commonly used organic fertiliser globally; (4) an inorganic fertiliser containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); and (5) a negative control with no fertiliser. The results revealed that BSF larvae-frass compost of human faeces and food waste gave comparable yields to inorganic fertilisers, and significantly higher yields than the unfertilised control. The percentage increase in fresh weight of leaves in the treatments compared to the unfertilised control were 132% for BSF-FW, 115% for BSF-F, 118% for NPK and 86% for CM. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all treatments involving fertiliser gave differences in soil nutrient concentrations. PCA also revealed a positive correlation between soil nitrate concentration and yield. Thus, using BSF larvae-frass compost as fertiliser could be a way of efficiently returning plant nutrients in faeces and organic waste to the food chain.
Evaluation of Chemerin in Acute Coronary Syndrome and its Role in Cardiodiabetics
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Prajapati Rajpal , Saxena Piyush , Singh Anshul , Misra Vatsala
Published: March 2021

Objectives:

Chemerin is a proinflammatory adipokine whose role in metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance is well known. Chemerin has shown to carry a good prognostic/predictive value in patients of Coronary Artery Diseases (both chronic as well as acute) in the studies done in the US and Europe. However, no such study has been reported from India. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate Chemerin in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and assess their role in cardiodiabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

We included seventy cases of ACS and further subdivided them into two groups - (1) with co-existing diabetes mellitus (ACS-DM) (n = 33) and (2) without co-existing DM (ACS-NDM) (n = 37). Thirty healthy age and sex matched controls were included for comparison. Chemerin levels were measured by ELISA, hs C Reactive Protein (hs CRP) by turbidimetric assay, Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB) by immunoinhibition (IFCC method) and Troponin I (Trop I) by Chemiluminescent Microparticle immunoassay. All the data were analyzed using Social Science Statistics Calculators.

Results:

Serum Chemerin levels were highest in ACS-DM (0.80 ± 0.61 ng/ml) as compared to ACS-NDM (0.42 ± 0.22 ng/ml) and controls (0.25 ± 0.10 ng/ml). On comparison, the difference amongst all was statistically significant. Furthermore, Chemerin showed a positive correlation with all the three parameters of ACS – hs CRP, CK- MB and Trop I.

Conclusion:

Chemerin levels are markedly elevated in ACS patients, more so in those with coexisting diabetes [cardio diabetics]. Chemerin is a novel biomarker of ACS.
Impact of a Pharmacy-Led Fall Prevention Program for Institutionalized Older People
Authors: Gross Kylee , King Ashley N. , Steadman Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of pharmacy interventions on recurrence of falls in older people.DesignProspective case-crossover study.SettingLECOM Health Nursing and Rehabilitation (LNR) and Senior Living Center (SLC) and Millcreek Community Hospital older adult behavioral health and inpatient rehabilitation units (IRU).ParticipantsTwenty and 15 residents of the SLC and LNR, respectively, and 5 and 2 patients of the older adult behavioral health unit and IRU, respectively, experienced a fall during the 8-week study period.InterventionsMedication reviews were conducted by a pharmacist assessing for fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). Adverse effects, drug interactions, and nonpharmacologic causes were evaluated, and recommendations were made to reduce future fall risk.Main Outcome MeasuresRecommendation acceptance rate, FRID use, and incidence of recurrent falls.ResultsEighty percent of fall risk-reduction recommendations were accepted and implemented by the medical team. The mean number of potential FRIDs prescribed per participant was reduced from 3.71 to 3.38. There was a 12.4% reduction in recurrent falls after pharmacy intervention (P= 0.0336; odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.783 [1.045-3.112]).ConclusionPharmacist interventions for older people who experience a fall were associated with a high acceptance rate by health care providers, a reduction in FRID use, and decreased rate of recurrent falls.
Comunicación interna y crisis reputacional. El caso de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Authors: Vázquez-Sande Pablo , García-Abad Lito , Pineda-Martínez Paula
Published: March 2021

La Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) se ha visto sacudida en los últimos meses por variosescándalos de corrupción que trascendieron a la opinión pública debido a la amplia cobertura querealizaron al respecto la mayoría de medios de comunicación españoles. En este contexto de crisis, seanalizan los mensajes que en los últimos dos años (noviembre 2016 – octubre 2018) recibieron losestudiantes actuales de la institución por parte del rectorado de la URJC a través del correoelectrónico corporativo. Se plantea una investigación que emplea como técnica el análisis decontenido y que se centra en un stakeholder especialmente sensible desde el punto de vista de lacomunicación interna, los alumnos. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan tres tendencias: uncomportamiento mayoritariamente reactivo y no proactivo; una demora considerable en la gestión delos diferentes conflictos que se sucedieron; y la preferencia por la estrategia de la transferencia deresponsabilidades.
Editorial message: Maternal and Newborn Mortality- Still the Greatest Disparity between Low-Income and High-Income Countries
Authors: Haileamlak Abraham
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Study
Authors: Zekewos Alemayehu , Loha Eskindir , Egeno Tariku , Wubshet Kindie , Merga Zelalem
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Like in all populations of the world, recently, diabetes became serious health problem in Ethiopian population, as indicated by few community- and institution-based studies. As high as 6.5% diabetes prevalence was reported in Addis Ababa while 5.1% in urban setting and 2.1% in rural setting of Northwest Ethiopia have been reported. This study aimed to provide additional data on the magnitude of diabetes and associated risk factors. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes in Bona District and identify contributing risk factors.METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cross-sectional community based survey for diabetes and associated factors was done from February-June, 2016 on a total of 2670 participants in the age range of 15-110 years. Participants were recruited to the study by using a two-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire from consented participants. Data were entered, checked for quality and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20.0. Since the outcome variable was ordered categorical, we used ordinal regression model to identify associated factors. There was no multicollinearity among the independent variables included in the model. All the independent variables with p<0.25 during bivariate analysis wereincluded in the multivariate model. The level of significance wasset at P value < 0.05.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabetes (1.9%) from our survey was so high in rural setting that prevention and control mechanisms should be designed. The risk factors include advanced age (β=1.04(0.57-1.50)), systolic hypertension (β=0.59(0.01-1.18)), high waist circumference (β=0.86(0.34-1.39)) and postsecondary education (β=0.87(0.03-1.71)).KEYWORD: Diabetes, prevalence, risk factors
Treatment Pattern and Factors Associated with Blood Pressure and Fasting Plasma Glucose Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Police Referral Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Shimels Tariku , Abebaw Melesse , Bilal Arebu I. , Tesfaye Tariku
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of T2DM in Ethiopia is on the rise according to certain studies. Appropriate management approaches are required to achieve desired goals of therapy in the clinical setup. This study was conducted to assess the treatment pattern and the factors associated with BP and FPG control among patients with T2DM in Federal Police Referral Hospital.METHOD: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from 15th October 2016 to 15th January 2017. A Systematic random sampling technique was employed in selecting the study participants. Data was collected using semi-structured interview and visiting medication records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Out of a total of 414 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 361 were successfully interviewed and considered for further analysis. Target BP level was achieved in 206(57.1%) of the patients, whereas the proportion of hypertensive diabetics who attained the recommended BP target was 19.4% (n=40). Of the 361 participants who were checked about their current FPG level, only 142(39.3%) were found to be <130mg/dl. However, 87(24.1%) participants were found to control both BP and FPG levels. Gender, military status, comorbidity, type oftherapy and dietary adherence showed a statistically significant association with outcome variables.CONCLUSION: The proportion of participants with T2DM who achieved target BP, FPG or both was suboptimal. A comprehensiveapproach that involves targeted education on self-management strategies, individualized treatment plans, and continuous evaluation of treatment outcomes should be practiced.KEYWORDS: Blood pressure, Cross sectional study, Ethiopia, Fasting plasma glucose control, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Health Professionals’ Stigma towards the Psychiatric Ill in Nigeria
Authors: Ubaka Chukwuemeka Michael , Chikezie Chioma Mirrian , Amorha Kosisochi Chinwendu , Ukwe Chinwe Victoria
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Stigma affects the quality of life of the mentallyill, and health professionals are considered to be involved in possessing negative attitudes towards them. We evaluated the  prevalence of stigmatization among different health professionals in Nigerian hospitals.METHODS: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative survey assessing attitudinal views of health professionals (doctors, pharmacists, and nurses) regarding mental illness in two hospitals in Eastern Nigeria. The survey utilized the 40-item Community Attitude to Mental Illness, CAMI-2 questionnaire. The prevalence and the factors that contribute to negative attitudes among this cohort were assessed. Statistical analysis using T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were conducted.RESULTS: Attitudes to all the four constructs of the CAMI-2 werenon-stigmatizing. Stigmatizing attitudes were significantly higheramong pharmacists, doctors and then nurses (p<0.006). Health professionals who did not have contact with the mentally ill (p<0.0001), who were males (p=0.008) and had lower years of working experience (p=0.031) expressed significantly higher stigmatizing attitudes towards the mentally ill.Conclusions: Nigerian health professionals were largely non-stigmatizingtowards the mentally ill. However, being a pharmacist, of male gender, and working in a non-psychiatric hospital were associated with stigmatizing attitudes when they exist.KEYWORDS: Mental illness; Stigma; Health Professionals;Survey
Magnitude of Cryptococcal Antigenemia among HIV Infected Patients at a Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Derbie Awoke , Ayalew Workneh , Mekonnen Daniel , Alemu Megbaru , Mulugeta Yihun
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is one of the common opportunistic fungal infections among HIV infected patients living in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The magnitude of thedisease at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH) in particular and in Ethiopia at large is not well explored.METHODS: A retrospective document review and analysis was done on records of 137 HIV infected patients who visited FHRH ART clinic from 1 Sep to 30 Dec 2016 and had registered data on their sex, age, CD4 count and cryptococcal antigen screening result. The cryptoccocal antigen (CrAg) detection was done by the IMMY CrAg® LFA (Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay) kit from patient serum as per the manufacturer’s instruction. All data were entered, cleared, and analyzed using SPSS v20. Descriptive data analysis and cross tabulation were done to assess factors associated with cryptococcal antigenemia. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than or equal to 0.05.RESULTS: More than half of the participants, 54.7% (75/137), included in the study were females. The median age of the participants was 32.0 years (ranged: 8-52 years). The mean CD4 count was 51.8 with SD of 26.3 (range 3-98). All the patients were HIV stage IV. The proportion of positive cryptococal antigen from serum test was at 11.7% (95% CI: 7.3-18.1%). The IMMYCrAg® LFA result was found statically associated with patient sex (p= 0.045). However, it was not associated with patient age group and the CD4 count (P>0.05)CONCLUSIONS: This study provided baseline data on the magnitude of cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV positive patients that is not touched before in the studied area. The results of the study showed that this opportunistic fungal infection is an important health concern among HIV patients. Further studies with sound design employing adequate sample size should be considered.
Tuberculosis Burden in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2016: Evidence from the Global Burden of Diseases 2016 Study
Authors: Deribew Amare , Deribe Kebede , Dejene Tariku , Tessema Gizachew Assefa , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Lakew Yihune , Amare Azmeraw T. , Bekele Tolessa , Abera Semaw F. , Dessalegn Muluken , Kumsa Andargachew , Assefa Yibeltal , Kyu Hmwe , Glenn Scott D , Misganaw Awoke , Biadgilign Sibhatu
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The burden of Tuberculosis (TB) has not been comprehensively evaluated over the last 25 years in Ethiopia. In this study, we used the 2016 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) data to analyze the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of tuberculosis (TB) in Ethiopia over the last 26 years.METHODS: The GBD 2016 is a mathematical modeling using different data source for Ethiopia such as verbal autopsy (VA), prevalence surveys and annual case notifications. Age and sex specific causes of death for TB were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling (CODEm). We used the available data such as annual notifications and prevalence surveys as an input to estimate incidence and prevalence rates respectively using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool.RESULTS: In 2016, we estimated 219,186 (95%UI: 182,977-265,292) new, 151,602 (95% UI: 126,054-180,976) prevalent TB cases and 48,910(95% UI:40,310-58,195) TB deaths. The age-standardized TB incidence rate decreased from 201.6/100,000 to 88.5/100,000 (with a total decline of 56%) between 1990 to 2016. Similarly, the age-standardized TB mortality rate declined from 393.8/100,000 to 100/100,000 between 1990 and 2016(with a total decline of 75%).CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia has achieved the 50% reduction of most of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) targets related to TB. However, the decline of TB incidence and prevalence rates has been comparatively slow. The country should strengthen the TB case detection and treatment programs at community level to achieve its targets during the Sustainable Development Program (SDGs)-era.
The Prevalence of Malaria in Tselemti Wereda, North Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shiferaw Meresa , Alemu Megbaru , Tedla Kiros , Tadesse Desalegn , Bayissa Sena , Bugssa Gessessew
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: A significant segment of the world’s population is at risk of contracting malaria infection at any one time. In Ethiopia, sustained control efforts have been made in the past decade to fight malaria. Yet, it remains as the major cause of morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic problems in the country. The intensified control of malaria can further be augmented by analyzing health facility based malaria data. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of malaria infection in Northwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia from February-April 2016. All blood film results reported between January 2013 and December 2015 in the seven health centers were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 41,773 patients with chief malaria complaint were screened for malaria in the three years period. The overall prevalence of microscopically confirmed malaria was 28.1%. Males (29.5%) were more affected by malaria than females (26.5%). Malaria was also higher in the age group >15 years (32.6%) followed by 5-15 years (29.3%) and under-five children (20.5%). Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and mixed infectionsaccounted for 58.2%, 35.5% and 6.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of confirmed malaria cases was observed during spring (35.6%) and summer (25.1%). Higher prevalence of slide positive malaria was recorded in Dima (46.1%), Cherecher (45.3%) andFyel wuha (35.3%) health centers.CONCLUSION: Malaria specific outpatient cases were high in the study area. Both plasmodia species were of public health significance in the area with predominance of Plasmodiumfalciparum.
Impact of Operational Definitions on the Predictors and Prevalence of Asthma Estimates: Experience from a University Students’ Survey and Implications for Interpretation of Disease Burden
Authors: Desalu Olufemi O. , Sanya Emmanuel O. , Adeoti Adekunle O. , Aderibigbe Sunday A. , Kolo Philip M.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Inconsistent operational definitions during asthma surveillance can lead to inaccurate estimation of disease burden and formulation of health policy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different definitions on the prevalence estimates and predictors of asthma among university students in Ilorin, Nigeria. The secondary aim was to compare level of agreement of the different definitions.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to August 2015. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was self administered by 1485 students. Asthma diagnosis was based on five definitions used in previous studies in the country. These were ECRHS, International Study of Asthma, Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), Probable, Modified ECRHS and Modified Probable asthma definitions.RESULTS: The prevalence rates varied from 10.4 to 24.1% depending on the definition. Prevalence obtained by using ECRHS definition significantly differed from estimates by other definitions (Z score ≥ 1.96 p<0.0001) except modified probable asthma. Identified predictors of asthma varied from five to six depending on the definition, and their strength also differed by definition. Regardless of the definition, reported nasal allergy, skin allergy, family history of nasal allergy, asthma and parental smoking were the predictors of asthma. The Kappa statistics demonstrated a fair to almost perfect association between the ECRHS and other asthma definitions (Kappa = 0.334-0.841, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates and predictors of asthma are affected by operational definitions. Researchers need to adopt a uniform definition for accurate estimation of disease burden, international comparison of result and formulation of prevention policy.
Hypospadias Repair in Ethiopia: A Five Year Review
Authors: Mammo Tihitena Negussie , Negash Samuel A. , Negussie Teamir , Getachew Hanna , Dejene Belachew , Tadesse Amezene , Derbew Miliard
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Hypospadias repair is one of the problematic issues in pediatric surgery. As a result of the multiple complications following the procedure, a variety of techniques have been used and newer methods continue to emerge. There is still controversy regarding the best method of repair. We aimed to determine the outcome of surgery and factors contributing to unfavorable outcomes in children with hypospadias.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review undertaken from September 2009 to August 2014. The research was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All children who underwent hypospadias repair and had regular follow-up were included in the study.RESULTS: A total of 202 boys aged less than 13 years were assessed. Most surgeries (80.3%) were performed in children older than 18 months. Transverse incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) was frequently performed for distal hypospadias (71.2 %), while transverse ventral preputal flap (TVPF) was the most common procedure done for proximal hypospadias (62.8 %). Overall success rate for first surgery was 55.9 %. There was a high rate of major post-operative complications (44.1%) of which urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) was the most common (31.2%) followed by meatal stenosis and glans breakdown (7.4 % each). These complications were found to be higher in those who were operated at a later age and those with proximal hypospadias (p=0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). There was also a significant difference among the type of procedures with TIP and TVPF having the least complications (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: From our experience, we found TIP a relatively safe and reliable method of repair for distal hypospadias while TVPF single stage repair was superior in the proximal ones. The high rate of complications in our institution was associated with higher burden of severe hypospadias and older age at surgery.
Utilization and Determinants of Postnatal Care Services in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chaka Eshetu E. , Abdurahman Ahmed A. , Nedjat S. , Majdzadeh R.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care use is vital in saving mother and newborn lives which is a continuum of care for maternal, neonatal and child health. This reviewaimed to determine the utilization and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia.METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched on June 25, 2017. The study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were done independently by two reviewers. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effectsmodel.RESULTS: Nine articles were included in the review. The pooled estimate for utilization of the service was 32% (95% CI: 21%, 43%). The pooled results of determinants of postnatal care use was statistically significant among those mothers who had ability to make decisions (1.89; 1.25, 2.54), had a history of antenatal care utilization (2.55; 1.42, 3.68), received more than two antenatal care visits (1.84; 1.28, 2.40), and received the service from skilled service provider (3.16; 1.62, 4.70). It was also found that mothers who gave birth in health faciliteis (2.13; 1.14, 3.12), had middle monthly income, richer, were from urban areas, and had knowledge of obstetric danger signs were significantly associated with increased odds of postnatal care use.CONCLUSION: Utilization of the services is low in Ethiopia. Antenatal care utilization, skilled service provider, being from urban area and delivery in health facility had a significant effect on postnatal care utilization. More rigorous studies are needed to identify determinant with the causal association to postnatal care utilization. The review was registered on PROSPEROCRD42017060266.
Demographic, Life Style and Job-Related Determinants of Quality of Life of Industrial Manufacturing Employees: An Application of Multilevel Latent Class Regression on a Large Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rabanipour Najmeh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Feizi Awat , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Employees are one of the key elements of an organization and measure the quality of life (QoL) provides reliable assessment of health and wellbeing in this population. This study aimed at investigating the QoL in a large sample of Iranian industrial manufacturing employees and its determinants.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted was in 2015, 3063 people were selected among 16000 Esfahan Seal Company's employees using multistage cluster sampling. QoL was evaluated by EQ-5D questionnaire, mental health by GHQ-12, physical activity by IPAQ, job stress by Effort–Reward Imbalance questionnaire. Self-report questionnaire was used for gathering demographic characteristics. Multilevel latent class regression analysis was used for data analysis using R (3.4.3).RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 36.74 (7.31), and 91.5% of them were males. The mean (SD) sleep duration was 7.11 (1.17), and 95.4% of the participants had normal mental health. Latent class analysis classified employees into two classes (high (82.4%) and low QoL (17.6%)). Also employees’ job categories classified into high and low QoL classes (79.55% and 20.45%, respectively). Latent class regression showed that lower age (OR=0.93; P< 0.0001), being male (OR=1.75; p=0.009), lower levels of education (OR=2.1; P< 0.0001), normal mental health (OR=12.4; P< 0.0001), higher sleep duration (OR=1.2; P< 0.0001) and lower BMI (OR=0.96; P=0.016) were significant predictors of being in high QoL class.CONCLUSION: Our study provides data about the QoL of industrial manufacturing employees along with its significant determinants. The findings picture the ways for improving QoL, finally increasing the efficiency and productivity of workforce by directing health policies appropriately.
Editorial message
Authors: Haileamlak Abraham
Published: March 2021

Editorial message from the E-I-C of the journal.
Aphalia: An Extremely Rare Congenital Genitourinary Malformation-A Case Report
Authors: Berhane Melkamu , Abera Gersam , Alemu Seifu , Eshetu Beza
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Congenital aphalia is an extremely rare, urogenital malformation of the external genitalia characterized by congenitally absent penis in a karotypically XY child. It occurs 1 in 30 million live births.So far, only less than 100 cases have been reported.CASE DETAILS: A 3-hour old newborn was diagnosed with aphalia after being referred from health center for respiratory distress and congenital malformation of the external genitalia. He had deranged renal function tests, hypoplastic kidneys, small patent foramen ovale and ventricular septal defect. Management of the acute conditions and parental counseling were done, but he passed away on the 8th day of life, due to the underlying diseases.CONCLUSION: A patient with aphalia needs thorough evaluation for possible associated malformations. Management is multistaged and multidisciplinary. Parental counselling should be started as early as possible, and their decision should be respected.
Genotypic Characterization of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes from Bacteria Isolates in Selected Municipal Drinking Water Distribution Sources in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Timilehin Adesoji. A. , Olufemi Olatoye. I. , Adeniyi Ogunjobi. A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria could lead to treatment failure of infectious diseases and could be transferred by non-potable water. Few studies have investigated occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) among bacteria including Aminoglycoside Modifying Genes (AMGs) from Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) in Nigeria. Here, we aimed at characterization of AMGs from DWDS from selected states insouthwestern Nigeria.METHODS: One hundred and eighty one (181) MDR bacteria that had been previously characterized using 16S rDNA and showed resistance to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic were selected from treated and untreated six water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria. MDR bacteria were PCR genotyped for three AMGs:aph (3´´)c, ant (3´´)b and aph(6)-1dd.RESULTS: Out of 181 MDR bacteria genotyped, 69(38.12%) tested positive for at least one of the genotyped AMGs. Highest (50, 27.62%) detected gene was ant (3”)c followed by aph (3")c(33,18.23%). Combination of aph(3")c and ant (3")b in a single bacteria was observed as the highest (14, 7.73%) among the detected gene combination. Alcaligenes sp showed the highest (10/20) occurrence of ant (3")b while aph(3")c was the highest detected among Proteussp (11/22). Other bacteria that showed the presence of AMGs include: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Bordetella, Brevundimonas, Chromobacterium, Klebsiella, Leucobacter, Morganella, Pantoae, Proteus, Providencia, Psychrobacter and Serratia.CONCLUSIONS: High occurrence of ant (3”)c and aph (3”)c among these bacteria call for urgent attention among public health workers, because these genes can be easily disseminated to consumers of these water samples if present on mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrons and transposons.
Editorial message
Authors: Haileamlak Abraham
Published: March 2021

Editorial message from the Editor in Chief.
Giant Mesenteric Lipoma Causing Small Bowel Volvulus: A Case Report
Authors: Suga Yisihak , Abdi Esak , Bekele Mahteme
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: A lipoma of the small bowel mesentery is a rare clinical entity. It rarely causes intestinal obstruction mainly due to volvulus.CASE: We report a case of a 25 years old male who presented with acute exacerbation of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Plain abdominal x-ray showed complete small bowel obstruction. At laparotomy, there was small bowel volvulus with a big yellow mass as an axis. Enbloc resection and end-to-end ileal anastomosis was done.CONCLUSION; Mesenteric lipoma are rare. They should be considered in cases of long standing abdominal pain.
Factors Predicting Responses to HIV/AIDS Prevention Messages among Wollega University Students, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Desalegn Waktole Zelalem , Godesso Roro Ameyu , Abebe Gebretsadik Lakew
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Since the first HIV/AIDS cases were reported in 1981, HIV has become one of the world’s most serious health and development challenges. Messages should be persuasive and appealing in order to bring the desired effect among the target group. This study aims to assess the factors associated with responses to HIV/AIDS prevention messages among university students.METHODS: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire. A total of 710 Wollega University regular students drawn by multi-stage sampling were included. The data were summarized and organized with different descriptive measures and regression analysis using SPSS 16.0.RESULTS: Six hundred ninety-three (693), 429(61.9%) male and 264 (38.1%) female students were participated making a response rate of 97.6%. The mean age of the respondents was (21.27+ 1.703) (males = 21.60+1.618; females = 20.72+1.701). About 252(36.4%) of the respondents were sexually active, and the mean age of sexual initiation was (18.08+ 2.416), male (18.47+2.294), and female (17.43+2.491). Perceived severity, perceived self and response efficacy of abstinence significantly predicted the current practice of abstinence (R=0.304, adjR2 =0.087). Perceived self-efficacy of being faithful significantly predicted the current practice of being monogamous (R=0.218, adjR2 =0.042). Perceived self and response efficacy of condom use significantly predicted practice of consistent condom use (R=0.398, adjR2 =0.153).CONCLUSION: Perceived self and response efficacy more predicted HIV/AIDS prevention methods than other variables; so an intervention planned targeting those variables would be more successful on HIV/AIDS prevention in the university.
Energy Simulation of Marine Currents through Wind Tunnel with use the Haar Wavelet for Electromagnetic Brake Systems
Authors: Belardi Aldo A. , Piccinini Antônio H.
Published: March 2021

A demand clean and renewable energy through the use of submerged turbines. Using this new source of energy we can grow the production of electrical energy in a sustainable way. This paper presents the simulation of maritime currents using a wind tunnel which allows the comparison of speed variations of water compared to air. It also features a brake system that uses a magnetic sensor in real time using the wavelets. As an example, it can be the ones mentioned concerning the feedback control system applied in a brand WEG motor of 100 hp with 2 poles 3500rpm rotation. Using software tools, the Acquired data are post-processed.
Solar Hydrogen from Glycerol-Water Mixture
Authors: Fai Kait Chong , Nurlaela Ela
Published: March 2021

The photocatalytic activity of titania supported bimetallic Cu-Ni photocatalysts were assessed for hydrogen production from water and also a mixture of glycerol-water system under visible light illumination. Addition of 2.0 mL glycerol to 8.0 mL water enhanced the solar hydrogen production from 6.1 mL to 9.5 mL. If metal was not incorporated onto TiO2 , the hydrogen production was minimal, 2.0 mL after 2 hr reaction. The band gap for bimetallic Cu-Ni/TiO2 was 2.78 eV compared to 3.16 eV for TiO2 . Photooxidation of glycerol produced glyceraldehyde, glycolic acid and oxalic acid.
A Phenomenological Study of the Leadership Experiences of the Charter School Founder-Administrator in Florida
Authors: Thomas Kathy , Lacey Candace
Published: March 2021

This qualitative study examined the dual leadership role of a charter school founder-administrator. The question asked, How do charter school leaders who serve as founders and administrators describe their experiences as academic and business leaders? A phenomenological approach and constructivist perspective supported a unique appreciation of the participants’ lived experiences. The researchers sought to understand how the participants experienced their sometimes conflicting, sometimes overlapping, and sometimes unique experiences. Participant interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim; the researchers coded the transcripts. Two core categories and 11 themes were identified. The findings suggest these administrator-founders share a common understanding of the uniqueness of their experiences in this dual role.
Families Healing Together: Exploring a Family Recovery Online Course
Authors: Estrada Samantha
Published: March 2021

Family members who are trying to support their loved one are often overburdened with stress, and health issues. Research has shown that families who receive family psychosocial education and support can have a dramatic impact on recovery outcomes and their family’s overall well-being. Family psychoeducation is not common. Families Healing Together (FHT) is an online family mental health recovery program that was developed to address this critical gap in family mental health care services. Using an exploratory case study methodology to understand how the program’s philosophy and practice impacts the program’s participants as well as how the participants perceive the benefits and limitations of the program. Findings suggest that the strengths of the program lie in the individual customization of the program to the consumer as well as the underlying message of hope of the program.