bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of cross-flow vibrations in the flow-induced rotations of an elastically mounted cylinder-plate system
Authors: Tang Tao , Zhu Hongjun , Xiao Qing , Chen Quanyu , Zhong Jiawen
Published: June 2024

Vibration and rotation represent two common fluid–structure-interaction phenomena, which can occur independently or concurrently. While extensive research has been conducted on individual vibration/rotation cases, there is relatively limited literature on coupled cases. However, it is crucial to recognize that coupled responses, such as those observed in falling leaves, are more prevalent in both natural occurrences and engineering scenarios. Hence, this study aims to investigate the influence of cross-flow vibrations on the flow-induced rotations of an elastically mounted cylinder-plate system. A broad range of rotational reduced velocities, spanning Uθ = 2–18, is examined across four distinct vibrational reduced velocities, namely Uy = 5, 8, 12, and 18. Numerical results indicated that a bifurcation phenomenon, wherein the cylinder-plate deflects to a non-zero equilibrium position, occurs at relatively high values of Uθ and Uy. Four distinct response modes have been identified: vibration-dominated, rotation-dominated, augmentation (VIV-like), and augmentation (galloping-like) mode. These response modes exert significant influence on phase angles between rotary angle and displacement as well as vortex shedding modes. In the rotation-dominated region, VIV-like region, and galloping-like region, phase angles exhibit a continuous decreasing trend, a consistent level of 180° and 90°, respectively. Transitions between vibration and rotation responses result in sharp increases in phase angles. The wake flow in the rotation-dominated mode and VIV-like mode demonstrates a 2S mode (two single vortices), while the vibration-dominated mode is characterized by a predominant 2T mode (two triplets of vortices). In the galloping-like region, large amplitudes lead to the increase in numbers of vortices, presenting 2S, 2S*, and 2P (two pairs of vortices) mode at Uy = 8, and 2P, P + S (one pair and one single vortices) and 2P+S (two pairs and one single vortices) mode at Uy = 12, where the 2S* mode consists of two single vortices, each exhibiting a tendency to split into two smaller vortices as they migrate downward. The mechanism behind the notable amplification of rotation/vibration responses is elucidated. Apart from the pressure difference induced by vortex shedding, the additional driving force resulting from relative motion in the transverse direction contributes to the total torsional force, thereby leading to significant rotary responses. Furthermore, the streamlined profile accounts for the escalation in vibration amplitudes.
High-order meshless global stability analysis of Taylor–Couette flows in complex domains
Authors: Unnikrishnan Akash , Narayanan Vinod , Vanka Surya Pratap
Published: June 2024

Recently, meshless methods have become popular in numerically solving partial differential equations and have been employed to solve equations governing fluid flows, heat transfer, and species transport. In the present study, a numerical solver is developed employing the meshless framework to efficiently compute the hydrodynamic stability of fluid flows in complex geometries. The developed method is tested on two cases of Taylor–Couette flows. The concentric case represents the parallel flow assumption incorporated in the Orr–Sommerfeld model and the eccentric Taylor–Couette flow incorporates a non-parallel base flow with separation bubbles. The method was validated against earlier works by Marcus [“Simulation of Taylor-Couette flow. Part 1. Numerical methods and comparison with experiment,” J. Fluid Mech. 146, 45–64 (1984)], Oikawa et al. [“Stability of flow between eccentric rotating cylinders,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 2355–2364 (1989)], Leclercq et al. [“Temporal stability of eccentric Taylor–Couette–Poiseuille flow,” J. Fluid Mech. 733, 68–99 (2013)], and Mittal et al. [“A finite element formulation for global linear stability analysis of a nominally two-dimensional base flow,” Numer. Methods Fluids 75, 295–312 (2014)]. The results for the two cases and the effectiveness of the method are discussed in detail. The method is then applied to Taylor–Couette flow in an elliptical enclosure and the stability of the flow is investigated.
Spin-dependent bandgap renormalization and state-filling effect in Bi2Se3 observed by ultrafast Kerr rotation
Authors: Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Mizukoshi Yu , Fukuda Takumi , Fons Paul , Hase Muneaki
Published: June 2024

We investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics of the prototypical topological insulator Bi2Se3 using time-resolved Kerr rotation (polarization-change) measurements across near-infrared wavelengths. The Kerr rotation angle ΔθK of Bi2Se3 was found to significantly depend on the photon energy around a resonance transition (∼1.0 eV) of bulk states, as well as the ellipticity of the pump light, in the presence of spin excitation. The observed photon-energy dependence of ΔθK can be well simulated by assuming spin-dependent refractive-index changes in the presence of bandgap renormalization and state-filling effect upon photoexcitation. Our study delivers comprehensive insights into the opto-spintronic properties of bulk Bi2Se3 and the fundamental physical processes underlying polarization changes. These findings are expected to be crucial in developing ultrafast magneto-optical memory devices, which can perform read-and-write operations in the terahertz regime.
When soil becomes fuel: identifying a safe window for prescribed burning of Tasmanian vegetation growing on organic soils
Authors: Prior Lynda D. , Storey Kathryn , Williamson Grant J. , Bowman David M. J. S.
Published: June 2024

Background Flammable vegetation in Tasmania, Australia often grows on organic soils that can burn if sufficiently dry. Aims To develop an approach to identify a safe window for prescribed burning of vegetation on Tasmanian organic soils, when vegetation is dry enough to be combustible, yet organic soils are unlikely to burn. Methods We compiled a dataset of when organic soils did and did not burn when exposed to vegetation fires. Focussing on moorland, we used binomial modelling to estimate the probability of organic soil burning in relation to soil dryness index (SDI) computed from climate data. Vegetation combustibility was inferred from fuel moisture content estimated from climate data and records of area burnt. Key results Risk of soil fire varied with vegetation. In moorland, modelling predicted a 17% risk when SDI was 10, a conservative estimate because our dataset was biased towards positive records of soil fire. Using an SDI threshold of 10, the average annual number of ‘safe combustible’ days varied across Tasmania from 26 to 53. Conclusions This approach can be used to refine safe burning guidelines on organic soil. Implications This approach, when applied to an improved dataset, will assist fire management on organic soils.
Activation of CGRP neurons in the parabrachial nucleus suppresses addictive behavior
Authors: Pyeon Gyeong Hee , Kim Joung-Hun , Choi June-Seek , Jo Yong Sang
Published: June 2024

Punishment such as electric shock or physical discipline employs a mixture of physical pain and emotional distress to induce behavior modification. However, a neural circuit that produces behavior modification by selectively focusing the emotional component, while bypassing the pain typically induced by peripheral nociceptor activation, is not well studied. Here, we show that genetically silencing the activity of neurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the parabrachial nucleus blocks the suppression of addictive-like behavior induced by footshock. Furthermore, activating CGRP neurons suppresses not only addictive behavior induced by self-stimulating dopamine neurons but also behavior resulting from self-administering cocaine, without eliciting nocifensive reactions. Moreover, among multiple downstream targets of CGRP neurons, terminal activation of CGRP in the central amygdala is effective, mimicking the results of cell body stimulation. Our results indicate that unlike conventional electric footshock, stimulation of CGRP neurons does not activate peripheral nociceptors but effectively curb addictive behavior.
Tangible traces of language ideologies
Authors: Baiwir Esther , Berns Janine , Steffens Marie
Published: June 2024

As the last issue of the Belgian Journal of Linguistics (BJL), this volume delves into linguistic ideologies. Language usage and the evaluations we make about it are intricately intertwined: even in the absence of visual cues of the speaker or writer, we intuitively develop perceptions about the sociolinguistic context of our interlocutor. The language employed often offers subtle hints about their age, gender, or social and regional origins. Particularly in spoken discourse, we find ourselves assessing not just their accent, but also forming impressions about the individual’s likability, perceived arrogance or intelligence, and various other attributes. Similar to its predecessors spanning 36 volumes, the content of this ultimate issue of the BJL is diverse, encompassing historical sources that shed light on language ideologies of bygone eras, insights from the language classroom, and perspectives from everyday language users.
The native speaker ideal in FL pronunciation teaching practice
Authors: Berns Janine , van Vuuren Sanne
Published: June 2024

Language teaching practice is known to come with more or less implicit views on what ‘good pronunciation’ sounds
like. However, over the past decades, frameworks such as the communicative approach to language learning and the wish for social
inclusion have led to a gradual shift in normative thinking, with intelligibility becoming increasingly valued over the
acquisition of a native-like accent, especially at lower levels of proficiency. This contribution traces the evolution of
pronunciation norms, ideologies and teaching practices for French and English. We zoom in on the past 150 years, a period in which
the relative importance of English and French in international communication was gradually reversed and foreign language learning
became a school subject, readily accessible to all pupils. We will supplement our historical overview by an exploratory
investigation of current foreign MA foreign language teacher trainees’ experiences and attitudes. While a near-native accent is
still seen as a sign of academic success for language students, this new generation of language professionals is very much aware
of the fact that pupils who start learning languages in secondary school should first and foremost be sensitized to the target
language pronunciation in a safe environment, with feasible and communicatively-relevant norms.
Trends in cognitive-linguistic research on metonymy
Authors: Barcelona Antonio
Published: June 2024

This article is a brief introduction to the theory of conceptual metonymy and a brief survey of research on this
area. The first section presents the cognitive-linguistic notion of metonymy, including a discussion of the various problematic
aspects of this notion. This is followed by a longer section illustrating some of the main types of metonymies. The section
devoted to the ubiquity of metonymy surveys research on its involvement in cognition, grammatical meaning and form, pragmatic
inferencing and discourse, linguistic change, and non-linguistic areas like art and gesture; it ends with a brief note on
metonymic triggers and chains, and on its multilevel operation. The chapter ends with a reflection on future directions.
Concepts that fit in a (Roman) hand
Authors: Tur Cristina
Published: June 2024

The Roman author Lucius Anneus Seneca (4 BC–65 AC), the main representative of Stoic philosophy in Latin
literature, wrote several tragedies in verse in which the Latin noun manus ‘hand’ has a remarkable incidence,
almost doubling the occurrence of other terms more related to tragic themes, such as scelus ‘crime’ or
mors ‘death’. This paper is based on the hypothesis that this high frequency is linked to the concept of
embodiment as well as on the metonymies and metaphors used in Seneca’s figurative language to encode abstract concepts. The
occurrences of the term manus in a corpus composed of Seneca’s dramatic and philosophical texts have been
analysed, paying attention to the metonymic and metaphorical contexts where it appears. As a result, it has been observed that
this word can refer to multiple realities such as individuals, actions, identity, control, or power.
Metaphorical and non-metaphorical meaning from spatial relations
Authors: Falck Marlene Johansson , Okonski Lacey
Published: June 2024

Speakers regularly use their experiences of spatial relations to construe linguistic meaning in metaphorical and
non-metaphorical ways. Still, we have yet to identify the meaning-bearing functions that different spatial relations commonly
serve. This paper focuses on into relations. Using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English, we apply an Embodied
Scenes approach to identify the categories of concepts that are regularly construed with ‘into relations’1 and the actions that are commonly involved. More generally, we aim to show how spatial metaphors can be
systematically studied by investigating the collocates of prepositions and prepositional constructions.
Morphosyntactic retention and innovation in Sheng, a youth language or stylect of Kenya
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Githiora Chege , Kanana Erastus Fridah , Marten Lutz
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the morphosyntax of the East African Swahili-based urban youth language or stylect Sheng.
Research on urban youth languages has often focused on these varieties as sites of rapid change and linguistic creativity.
However, we show that many of the structural features which appear to make Sheng stand out when compared to (Standard) Swahili are
widespread across East African Bantu languages. We examine nominal and verbal domains, as well as clausal syntax, and highlight
areas in which Sheng exhibits features in common with its contact languages, as well as features which appear to reflect instances
of independent innovation. The study shows that Sheng is not a “simplified” version of Swahili which deviates from the grammar of
Swahili in a range of ad hoc ways. Rather, the language exhibits features of retention and contact-induced borrowing, as well as
systematic changes which are reflective of variation across the Bantu languages.
Pseudo-supersymmetric approach to the Dirac operator in the Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Yeşiltaş Özlem
Published: June 2024

We have discussed the Dirac equation in Schwarzschild spacetime using pseudo-supersymmetric quantum mechanics and have obtained the partner Hamiltonian of the initial Hamiltonian operator. We demonstrate that the partner metric tensors, corresponding to these Hamiltonians, can be derived using the intertwining relations inherent in pseudo-supersymmetric approaches. We have seen that the Schwarzschild metric may be expanded into Schwarzschild–Tangherlini metric using the aspects of pseudo-supersymmetry. Furthermore, we have derived approximate solutions for the radial component within the framework of N = 2 supersymmetry with the corresponding radial potential graphs presented. Subsequently, our discussion extends to the quasinormal modes, focusing particularly on the asymptotic limits as r approaches

±
∞

.
Denoising algorithm for inclined tunnel point cloud data based on irregular contour features
Authors: Song Pengfei , Jin Fengxiang , Ji Min , Liang Taitao , Li Qiang
Published: June 2024

In response to the problem where current traditional denoising algorithms cannot effectively remove noise from inclined tunnel point cloud data with irregular contours. This paper proposes a denoising algorithm for inclined tunnel point cloud data based on irregular contour features. The algorithm combines the DBSCAN clustering algorithm with polynomial curve fitting to obtain sequential point cloud slices along the perpendicular direction to the centerline of the inclined tunnel. By identifying and extracting irregular contour feature points from these slices, it achieves the extraction of irregular wall shapes inside the tunnel. Based on these irregular wall shape features, noise points are effectively removed using distance iteration calculations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively handle the irregular shapes and elevation variations in inclined tunnel point cloud data and achieve good denoising performance for various types of noise within the tunnel. This algorithm lays a solid foundation for subsequent three-dimensional modeling of tunnels with high precision.
Crystal orbital overlap population based on all-electron ab initio simulation with numeric atom-centered orbitals and its application to chemical-bonding analysis in Li-intercalated layered materials
Authors: Takahara Izumi , Shibata Kiyou , Mizoguchi Teruyasu
Published: June 2024

Crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) is one of the effective tools for chemical-bonding analysis, and thus it has been utilized in the materials development and characterization. In this study, we developed a code to perform the COOP-based chemical-bonding analysis based on the wave function obtained from a first principles all-electron calculation with numeric atom-centered orbitals. The chemical-bonding analysis using the developed code was demonstrated for F2, Si, CaC6, and metals including Ti and Nb. Furthermore, we applied the method to analyze the chemical-bonding changes associated with a Li intercalation in three representative layered materials: graphite, MoS2, and ZrNCl, because of their great industrial importance, particularly for the applications in battery and superconducting materials. The COOP analysis provided some insights for understanding the intercalation mechanism and the stability of the intercalated materials from a chemical-bonding viewpoint.
Proton 3D dose measurement with a multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Chen Qinghao , Haefner Jonathan , Smith Winter , Darafsheh Arash , Zhao Tianyu , Harrison Nathan Andrew , Zhou Jun , Lin Liyong , Lu Weiguo , Shen Liuxing , Jiang Hao , Zhang Tiezhi
Published: June 2024

Objective. In current clinical practice for quality assurance (QA), intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) fields are verified by measuring planar dose distributions at one or a few selected depths in a phantom. A QA device that measures full 3D dose distributions at high spatiotemporal resolution would be highly beneficial for existing as well as emerging proton therapy techniques such as FLASH radiotherapy. Our objective is to demonstrate feasibility of 3D dose measurement for IMPT fields using a dedicated multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device. Approach. Our developed MLSIC comprises a total of 66 layers of strip ion chamber (IC) plates arranged, alternatively, in the x and y direction. The first two layers each has 128 channels in 2 mm spacing, and the following 64 layers each has 32/33 IC strips in 8 mm spacing which are interconnected every eight channels. A total of 768-channel IC signals are integrated and sampled at a speed of 6 kfps. The MLSIC has a total of 19.2 cm water equivalent thickness and is capable of measurement over a 25 × 25 cm2 field size. A reconstruction algorithm is developed to reconstruct 3D dose distribution for each spot at all depths by considering a double-Gaussian–Cauchy–Lorentz model. The 3D dose distribution of each beam is obtained by summing all spots. The performance of our MLSIC is evaluated for a clinical pencil beam scanning (PBS) plan. Main results. The dose distributions for each proton spot can be successfully reconstructed from the ionization current measurement of the strip ICs at different depths, which can be further summed up to a 3D dose distribution for the beam. 3D Gamma Index analysis indicates acceptable agreement between the measured and expected dose distributions from simulation, Zebra and MatriXX. Significance. The dedicated MLSIC is the first pseudo-3D QA device that can measure 3D dose distribution in PBS proton fields spot-by-spot.
GPU-accelerated parallel image reconstruction strategies for magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Quelhas Klaus N , Henn Mark-Alexander , Farias Ricardo , Tew Weston L , Woods Solomon I
Published: June 2024

Objective. Image reconstruction is a fundamental step in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). One of the main challenges is the fact that the reconstructions are computationally intensive and time-consuming, so choosing an algorithm presents a compromise between accuracy and execution time, which depends on the application. This work proposes a method that provides both fast and accurate image reconstructions. Approach. Image reconstruction algorithms were implemented to be executed in parallel in graphics processing units (GPUs) using the CUDA framework. The calculation of the model-based MPI calibration matrix was also implemented in GPU to allow both fast and flexible reconstructions. Main results. The parallel algorithms were able to accelerate the reconstructions by up to about

6
,
100

times in comparison to the serial Kaczmarz algorithm executed in the CPU, allowing for real-time applications. Reconstructions using the OpenMPIData dataset validated the proposed algorithms and demonstrated that they are able to provide both fast and accurate reconstructions. The calculation of the calibration matrix was accelerated by up to about 37 times. Significance. The parallel algorithms proposed in this work can provide single-frame MPI reconstructions in real time, with frame rates greater than 100 frames per second. The parallel calculation of the calibration matrix can be combined with the parallel reconstruction to deliver images in less time than the serial Kaczmarz reconstruction, potentially eliminating the need of storing the calibration matrix in the main memory, and providing the flexibility of redefining scanning and reconstruction parameters during execution.
Investigation of degradation dynamics of 265 nm LEDs assisted by EL measurements and numerical simulations
Authors: Piva Francesco , Buffolo Matteo , Roccato Nicola , Pilati Marco , Longato Simone , Susilo Norman , Vidal Daniel Hauer , Muhin Anton , Sulmoni Luca , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Santi Carlo De , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo
Published: June 2024

We studied four AlGaN-based 265 nm LEDs with increasing QW thickness (1.4, 3, 6 and 9 nm) during a constant current stress at 100 A cm−2. We focused our attention on the parasitic components of the emission spectra at low current levels and on the optical power recovery observed at high current levels. We associated every parasitic peak or band to a region in the device where they can be generated, also demonstrating if they are related to band-to-band emission or radiative emission through defects. At high current levels, we showed the simultaneous effect of the decrease in injection efficiency in the active region and the increase in non-radiative recombination, by fitting the EQE curves with a mathematical model. Moreover, we associated the optical power recovery with a generation of negative charge near the active region, which led to an increase in injection efficiency in the QW.
Development of a novel two-way 3D printed flexible spiral composite actuator based on shape memory alloy wire and its control
Authors: Önder E T , Sümer B , Başlamişli S C
Published: June 2024

Soft robotics find its applications across numerous of scientific and industrial fields, spanning from medicine and surgery to gripper technology, assistive devices, and exploration in underwater and space. The study introduces a soft actuator design for soft robotics, produced using 3D printing technology, offering an efficient alternative to traditional molding and curing methods. A shape memory alloy wire is integrated to the spiral body printed using a flexible filament. The spiral enhances the actuation stroke (AS) to 2 cm for a wire of 189 mm in length, while actuation in the literature is typically accomplished through an axial AS of 3%–5% of the wire’s length. Four types of spirals with increasing gaps are prepared to observe the cooling effect. Their performances are evaluated in terms of AS and time through image processing in order to determine the optimal configuration. An electrical current constraint is established to prevent potential damage, and spiral control is attained using a proportional–integral–derivative controller. Moreover, a pick and place operation showcases the spiral’s ability to autonomously lift a gripped object weighing 6.5 g, achieving a specific displacement of 6.5 mm. Subsequently, the object is lifted down to its initial position using a two-way actuator that utilizes the stored energy within the spiral’s structure and elastic effect. The proposed actuator has the potential to be widely applied across various soft robotic applications, including medical robots, delicate gripping robots, and bioinspired robots.
Diffusion of small-size aliphatic alcohols and the chemical actuation of shape memory polyurethane
Authors: Shen Yucen , Dumlu Hakan , Varnik Fathollah , Eggeler Gunther , Neuking Klaus
Published: June 2024

Three types of aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol) are used to actuate a programmed ESTANE ETE 75DT3 (abb. SMP-E), a polyether-based polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP). In this paper, we analyze the diffusion behavior of these small molecules in SMP-E and the relationship between the solvent diffusion and shape recovery using a weight gain study and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). From the results, all three alcohols show behavior similar to Fickian diffusion in SMP-E. During the diffusion process, the molecular switch (MS) of thermoplastic SMP-E transforms from the glassy state to the rubber-like state depending on the time-dependent local alcohol concentration. The diffusion of small molecules enhances shape recovery and the related evolution of the polymer structure. As a feedback effect, the rate of diffusion changes as small molecules penetrate into the sample. To study this issue, we used three methods to determine the diffusion coefficients at short, intermediate and long times. The data on short time diffusion reflects the glassy state of the sample. The intermediate times correspond to 50% solvent saturation, where the shape recovery is nearly completed. The long-time analysis, on the other hand, provides an average diffusion coefficient for the entire process. The SAXS results show the diffusion path and provide evidence that the alcohol molecules equally diffuse into both MS and entropy elastic component phase of SMP-E.
Heat transfer in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: mechanism and modulation
Authors: Yin Wenlei , Wang Hao , Wang Xiaohan , Yin Rui , Chen Qi , Jia Xiaoqing , Wang Huabing , Zhang Labao , Wu Peiheng
Published: June 2024

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely applied in quantum information and deep-space exploration owing to their high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and wide spectral response. In particular, the heat transfer in SNSPDs largely affects their performance parameters (e.g. quantum efficiency, count rates and recovery time), which can be modulated to optimize the performance and develop novel devices. Considering the potential of SNSPDs and the significance of heat transfer, the most recent progress toward understanding the mechanism and the modulation of heat transfer in SNSPDs is critically reviewed, with particular emphasis on the macroscopic correlation with device performance parameters and the microscopic analysis of existing theories, especially at interfaces. Furthermore, representative novel devices inspired by the need for heat transfer modulation in SNSPDs are discussed in detail. Finally, the development of heat transfer in SNSPDs is placed in perspective with the aim of highlighting future theoretical directions and practical applications.
Flight verification of cooling self-sustaining high-temperature superconducting motor
Authors: Zheng Jinxing , Sun Jinxin , Liu Fei , Liu Xufeng , Peng Junyi , Zhang Jiong , Zhang Chi , Zhu Lei , Zhu Xiaoliang , Huang Chen , Cheng Yuan , Su Dongdong
Published: June 2024

The global shift towards sustainable development and technological advancements has propelled the energy transition trend. Recognizing the substantial environmental impact of conventional commercial airplanes, there is a growing urgency to develop a sophisticated superconducting motor system for commercial aviation. The advent of high-temperature superconducting motors presents a transformative leap, offering significant advantages in power density and efficiency when compared to traditional motors. To validate the issues that future liquid-hydrogen superconducting electric airplanes may encounter, a kilowatt-class aerospace high-temperature superconducting motor is designed. Based on the requirements of airborne applications, critical parameters such as electromagnetic characteristics, operating characteristics, and AC losses have been analyzed. Furthermore, extensive research and testing have been conducted on the superconducting motor magnet, leading to the successful assembly of a prototype. The superconducting motor has a rated output power of 2.7 kW and a rated speed of 5000 rpm. Rigorous ground operation performance tests have also been conducted to ensure the feasibility and reliability of the motor in practical applications. Benefiting from the topological structure design, the superconducting motor has an excellent sealing performance at low temperatures. The superconducting motor can maintain low temperature and high vacuum for a long time, when the vacuum pump is removed and the liquid nitrogen inlet is closed after the motor is completely cooled. The culmination of these endeavors is the realization of a successful flight validation of an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a high-temperature superconducting motor, demonstrating a sustained flight of nearly one hour.
Global flux-driven gyrofluid simulations of internal transport barrier formation by external torque in weak magnetic shear configuration
Authors: Ko S.H. , Kim S.S. , Jhang Hogun , Kim Juhyung
Published: June 2024

Using a global gyrofluid code, we conduct comprehensive flux-driven simulations incorporating external heat and momentum sources/sinks. They involve an external torque ramp while keeping a heating power constant. Simulations show the formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in ion heat and parallel momentum in weak magnetic shear configuration. The ITB formation is attributed to the reduction of turbulent transport accompanied by strong

E
×
B

flow shear generation, where the majority of

E
×
B

shear arises from plasma rotation shear. In contrast, only a minor confinement improvement is observed in strong magnetic shear configuration. There exists a substantial difference in the rotation shear between the weak and strong magnetic shear cases at the same amount of external torque. Transport analysis implies that the difference comes from intrinsic rotation generated by residual stress. Global linear simulations demonstrate that the effect of

E
×
B

shear on

k
∥

symmetry breaking is enhanced in weak magnetic shear configuration, explaining the origin of the difference in intrinsic rotation. The ITB is not achieved when the external torque is injected in counter-direction to intrinsic rotation. It is also shown that threshold torque for the ITB formation depends on power and the ratio of external torque to heating power should exceed a critical value to attain an ITB.
The volume polynomial of lattice polygons
Authors: Soprunov Ivan , Soprunova Jenya
Published: June 2024

We prove that every indefinite quadratic form with non-negative integer coefficients is the volume polynomial of a pair of lattice polygons. This solves the discrete version of the Heine–Shephard problem for two bodies in the plane. As an application, we show how to construct a pair of planar tropical curves (or a pair of divisors on a toric surface) with given intersection number and self-intersection numbers.
Degenerate complex Monge-Ampère type equations on compact Hermitian manifolds and applications
Authors: Li Yinji , Wang Zhiwei , Zhou Xiangyu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we show the existence and uniqueness of bounded solutions of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampère type equations on compact Hermitian manifolds and obtain the asymptotics of these solutions. As applications, we give partial answers to the Tosatti-Weinkove conjecture and Demailly-Păun conjecture.
Quivers and curves in higher dimension
Authors: Argüz Hülya , Bousseau Pierrick
Published: June 2024

We prove a correspondence between Donaldson–Thomas invariants of quivers with potential having trivial attractor invariants and genus zero punctured Gromov–Witten invariants of holomorphic symplectic cluster varieties. The proof relies on the comparison of the stability scattering diagram, describing the wall-crossing behavior of Donaldson–Thomas invariants, with a scattering diagram capturing punctured Gromov–Witten invariants via tropical geometry.
Islamic Prayer in Mainstream US Television and Film
Authors: Aslan Rose
Published: June 2024

The chapter examines depictions of Islamic prayer in mainstream American TV shows and films, arguing they are frequently inaccurate and connect prayer to violence. Media often portrays Islamic prayer as sinister, exotic, and foreign, perpetuating stereotypes. Some attempt nuance but still subtly associate prayer with extremism. Positive change is evident in recent shows depicting prayer naturally, though issues remain. The rise of Muslim media creators is improving representation, with accurate, nonthreatening portrayals. However, the dominant media narrative continues to influence public perceptions of Muslims. Understanding patterns in portrayals of prayer illuminates broader media representation of Islam and responses to Muslims in the United States.
Marx's Ethical Vision
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina
Published: June 2024

“The communists do not preach morality at all”; this line from The Communist Manifesto might seem to settle the question of whether Marxism has anything to offer moral philosophy. And yet Marx issued both trenchant critiques of “bourgeois” morality and thundering condemnations of capitalism’s “vampire-like” destruction. He decried commodity-exchange for corroding human beings’ ability to value one another for who they are, not how much their lives could be traded away for. He expressed apparently ethical views about human nature, the conditions necessary for human flourishing, and the desirability of bringing such conditions about—views that are interwoven throughout his life’s work, from his youthful philosophical poetry to his unfinished masterpiece, Capital. Renewed attention to Marx’s distinctively “dialectical” and historical materialist approach to conflict and change makes sense of this apparent tension in his thought. Following Marx, Marx’s Ethical Vision centers labor—human beings satisfying their needs through conscious, purpose-driven, and transformative interaction with the material world—as the essential human activity. Working people’s struggles reveal capitalism’s worst ravages while pointing to a better future and embodying the only way there: rational transformation of their relationships to themselves, to one another, and to the natural world, so that the human condition emerges not as something they must bear but as something they joyfully create. Rather than “preach morality,” the key task for moral philosophy is to theorize in the light that workers’ struggles for freedom shine on capitalism—an existential threat to humanity and the defining ethical problem of our time.
Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Patrono Carlo
Published: June 2024

During the past 30 years, several developments have occurred in the antiplatelet field, including the role of aspirin in primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There have been several attempts to develop antiplatelet drugs more effective and safer than aspirin and a shift in emphasis from efficacy to safety, advocating aspirin-free antiplatelet regimens after percutaneous coronary intervention. Evidence supporting a chemopreventive effect of low-dose aspirin against colorectal (and other digestive tract) cancer has also strengthened. The aim of this article is to revisit the role of aspirin in the prevention of atherothrombosis across the cardiovascular risk continuum, in view of developments in the antiplatelet field. The review will offer a clinical perspective on aspirin’s mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of its clinical efficacy and safety.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON S-GLYCOPROTEINS PURIFIED FROM DIFFERENT S-GENOTYPES IN SELF-INCOMPATIBLE BRASSICA SPECIES I. PURIFICATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Nishio Takeshi , Hinata Kokichi
Published: June 2024

S-glycoproteins, i.e. stigma glycoproteins that are heritable in correlation with S allele in self-incompatible Brassica species, were apparently purified for three S alleles in B. oleracea. From SDS gel electrophoresis, the estimated molecular weight for two of the S-glycoproteins was 57,000. The other S-glycoprotein was considered to be heterogeneous with molecular weights of 60,000 and 65,000. Distinct differences in amino acid content were found; in general, cysteine, methionine and histidine were low, and serine, glutamate, glycine, leucine, arginine and aspartate were high and variable between the S-glycoproteins. Differences in the isoelectric point were mainly attributed to the amino acid composition of each S-glycoprotein.
Stress-induced changes in magnetite: insights from a numerical analysis of the Verwey transition
Authors: Fuchs Helena , Kontny Agnes , Schilling Frank R
Published: June 2024

Magnetic susceptibility behaviour around the Verwey transition of magnetite (≈125 K) is known to be sensitive to stress, composition and oxidation. From the isotropic point (≈130 K) to room temperature, decreasing magnetic susceptibility indicates an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In this study, we present a model which numerically analyses low-temperature magnetic susceptibility curves (80–280 K) of an experimentally shocked (up to 30 GPa) and later heated (973 K) magnetite ore. To quantify variations of the transition shape caused by both shock and heating, the model statistically describes local variations in the Verwey transition temperature within bulk magnetite. For the description, Voigt profiles are used, which indicate variations between a Gaussian and a Lorentzian character. These changes are generally interpreted as variations in the degree of correlation between observed events, that is between local transition temperatures in the model. Shock pressures exceeding the Hugoniot elastic limit of magnetite ($ \ge $5 GPa) cause an increase in transition width and Verwey transition temperature, which is partially recovered by heat treatment. Above the Verwey transition temperature, susceptibility variations related to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy are described with an exponential approach. The room temperature magnetic susceptibility relative to the maximum near the isotropic point is reduced after shock, which is related to grain size reduction. Since significant oxidation and cation substitution can be excluded for the studied samples, variations are only attributed to changes in elastic strain associated with shock-induced deformation and annealing due to heat treatment. The shocked magnetite shows a high correlation between local transition temperatures which is reduced by heat treatment. The model allows a quantitative description of low-temperature magnetic susceptibility curves of experimentally shocked and subsequently heat-treated polycrystalline magnetite around the Verwey transition temperature. The curves are accurately reproduced within the experimental uncertainties. Further applications for analysing magnetite-bearing rocks seem possible if model parameters, such as for oxidation are included into the model.
Dengue NS1 Antibodies Are Associated With Clearance of Viral Nonstructural Protein-1
Authors: Premazzi Papa Michelle , Mendoza-Torres Evelyn , Sun Peifang , Encinales Liliana , Goulet Joseph , Defang Gabriel , Vihasi Jani , Cheng Ying , Suchowiecki Karol , Rosales Wendy , Amdur Richard , Porras-Ramirez Alexandra , Rico-Mendoza Alejandro , Herrera Gomez Carlos , Nicholes Samuel , Zuluaga Ivan , Halstead Liam , Halstead Scott , Simon Gary , Porter Kevin , Lynch Rebecca M , Chang Aileen Y
Published: June 2024

Background

Dengue vascular permeability syndrome is the primary cause of death in severe dengue infections. The protective versus potentially pathogenic role of dengue nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) antibodies are not well understood. The main goal of this analysis was to characterize the relationship between free NS1 concentration and NS1 antibody titers in primary and secondary dengue infection to better understand the presence and duration of NS1 antibody complexes in clinical dengue infections.

Methods

Hospitalized participants with acute dengue infection were recruited from Northern Colombia between 2018 and 2020. Symptom assessment, including dengue signs and symptoms, chart review, and blood collection, was performed. Primary versus secondary dengue was assessed serologically. NS1 titers and anti-NS1 antibodies were measured daily.

Results

Patients with secondary infection had higher antibody titers than those in primary infection, and there was a negative correlation between anti-NS1 antibody titer and NS1 protein. We demonstrate that in a subset of secondary infection, there were indeed NS1 antigen-antibody complexes on the admission day during the febrile phase that were not detectable by the recovery phase. Furthermore, dengue infection status was associated with higher circulating sialidases.

Discussion

The negative correlation between antibody and protein suggests that antibodies may play a role in clearing this viral protein.
Frondoside A of Cucumaria frondosa (Gennerus, 1767): Chemistry, biosynthesis, medicinal applications, and mechanism of actions
Authors: Fagbohun Oladapo F , Rollins Amanda , Mattern Lindsey , Cipollini Kendra , Rupasinghe HP Vasantha
Published: June 2024

Cucumaria frondosa (Gennerus, 1767) or orange-footed sea cucumbers are traditional food and are used as natural sources of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. Currently, the introduction of value-added sea cucumber products to the global market has inspired basic research on frondoside A and other saponins in sea cucumbers. These saponins serve as a means of their chemical defence. However, recent studies revealed that exposure to these saponins can lead to irritating symptoms from aerosolization of various holothurins. Moreover, extraction methods are critical to the bioavailability of various bioactive compounds found in sea cucumbers. Therefore, we have critically reviewed recent studies on the chemistry, biosynthesis, and pharmacological properties of frondoside A. Furthermore, the mechanism of actions of frondoside A was postulated and further studies are required for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Frondoside A was first discovered from Cucumaria frondosa, and it is involved in protein kinase (PI3K/AKT/ERK1/2/p38 MAPK, RAC/CDC42 PAK1, NFκB/MAPK/JNK, and LXR-β) signalling pathways. It is also involved in the suppression of MYC oncogene transcriptional factors implicated and upregulated in over 70% of cancer types. Future research needs to be aimed at optimized green extraction techniques, efficient delivery methods, safety, and efficacy.
Ozone enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Guo Jiayou , Guo Jiayi , Cheng Beibei , Gong Mengxiao , Sun Xingbang , Zhang Hongwei , Ma Jianxin
Published: June 2024

Radioresistance is increasingly developed in esophageal cancer. Increasing radiation sensitivity can reduce the mortality of esophageal cancer. To investigate the effect and mechanism of ozone on the radiotherapy sensitization of esophageal carcinoma. KYSE150 cells were xenografted subcutaneously into nude mice and irradiated with 8 Gy radiation according to different subgroups (sham, radiation, ozone and radiation+ozone group (n = 10 per group)). Half of the mice were used to determine the body weight, tumor size and tumor weight. Half of the mice were used to collect peripheral blood. The serum was centrifuged to detect circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) using commercial kits. The levels of phosphorylation AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) were measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting in the tumor tissues of mice. Ozone alone or combined with radiation therapy significantly reduced the body weight, tumor volume and tumor weight of esophageal cancer compared to the sham group. The ELISA results showed that the levels of cf-DNA, IFN-γ, MPO-DNA complexes, TNF-α, IL-6, HIF-1α and MMP-9 in the peripheral blood of mice treated with ozone combined with radiation were significantly lower compared with the radiation group. Ozone, synergistically with radiation, significantly increased the protein expression of p-AMPK and SR-A. Ozone may increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps.
Adaptive modifications in plant sulfur metabolism over evolutionary time
Authors: Kopriva Stanislav , Rahimzadeh Karvansara Parisa , Takahashi Hideki
Published: June 2024

Sulfur (S) is an essential element for life on Earth. Plants are able to take up and utilize sulfate (SO42–), the most oxidized inorganic form of S compounds on Earth, through the reductive S assimilatory pathway that couples with photosynthetic energy conversion. Organic S compounds are subsequently synthesized in plants and made accessible to animals, primarily as the amino acid methionine. Thus, plant S metabolism clearly has nutritional importance in the global food chain. S metabolites may be part of redox regulation and drivers of essential metabolic pathways as cofactors and prosthetic groups, such as Fe–S centers, CoA, thiamine, and lipoic acid. The evolution of the S metabolic pathways and enzymes reflects the critical importance of functional innovation and diversifications. Here we review the major evolutionary alterations that took place in S metabolism across different scales and outline research directions that may take advantage of understanding the evolutionary adaptations.
The Competition Law and Institutions of the European Union
Authors: Alison Jones , Brenda Sufrin , Niamh Dunne
Published: June 2024

This chapter sketches the history and functions of the EU and its institutions in order to set the EU competition rules in context. It then describes the competition provisions themselves and outlines the way in which the rules are applied and enforced, including the public enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 under Regulation 1/2003, the control of mergers with a European dimension under Regulation 139/2004, public enforcement by the national competition authorities of the Member States, and the role of private enforcement. It discusses the position and powers of the European Commission, particularly the role of the Competition Directorate General (DG Comp); the powers of the EU Courts; the significance of fundamental rights and the general principles of EU law in competition cases; the application of competition rules to particular sectors of the economy; and the application of the EU rules to the EEA.