bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nucleating Additions on the Crystallization in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Tian Qing Bo , Wang Yue , Feng Li Ming , Wang Xiu Hui , Gao Hong
Published: March 2009

The crystallization behaviors and microstructural developments in the CaO-MgO- Al2O3-SiO2
glass with Fe2O3, ZrO2 and F as additives were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray
diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. In the glass sample with 1.0wt% Fe2O3, only
surface crystallization were observed, in which a three-layer compound surface containing the fine
dendrite, finer fibrous morphology and particle-shaped crystals was formed respectively from the near
free surface to the inner region. The crystalline phases precipitated were anorthite and wollastonite at
1000°C, and diopside at 1040°C. The addition of ZrO2 suppressed the nucleation and growth of the
crystalline phases. The addition of another 4.0wt% fluorine into the glass with a pair of 1.0wt% Fe2O3 and
2.0wt% ZrO2 induced the bulk crystallization, the surface and bulk crystallizations were both observed at
1040°C. At the surface, a three-layer morphology, which had similar morphology to the glass with
1.0wt% Fe2O3 was formed. In the bulk region, the block-shaped crystalline phases were precipitated
homogeneously in the residual glass.
Comparison of the DC and AC Conductivities of Li2O-P2O5 Glass
Authors: Pan Ji Yong , Cao Xue Qiang
Published: March 2009

Lithium phosphate glass with composition of 45Li2O-55P2O5 (in mol%) was prepared by the
conventional melt quenching method and the electrical properties were examined by DC conductivity and
impedance spectra. It was found that the difference between DC conductivity and DCtot conductivity
deduced from impedance spectra was distinct. Difference of activation energies obtaining by DC and
DCtot conductivity implied that the conduction mechanism was different. The glass of 45Li2O-55P2O5 is
lithium ion conductor while the oxygen ion in the glass can migrate in some conditions.
Preparation of Titania Film by Pyrolysis of Chelated Tetrabutyl Titanate
Authors: Zhang Shao Hua , Hu Bing Feng , Xie Bing , Zhang Si Yu , Li Feng Yi
Published: March 2009

Preparation of titania films by pyrolysis of chelated tetrabutyl titanate was investigated. Films
of tetrabutyl titanate were first formed on glass substrates by spin coating, and TiO2 films were prepared
after annealing at 500°C. The influences of annealing temperature, AcAc concentration, Ti(OBu)4
concentration, PEG amount and coating times on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 films were studied,
and the films were characterized by XRD and DTA.
Visible Light Photoreduction Properties of N-Doped TiO2 Nanostructured Films
Authors: Wu Xiao Meng , Ling Yun Han , Li Yin , Huang Zhao Hui
Published: March 2009

N-doped TiO2 nanostructured composite (TiO2-N) films with excellent photocatalytic performance
under visible light were successfully formed on glass and stainless steel substrates by spin-coating
process. The photoreduction performance of as-prepared coatings was characterization by reduction of
Ag+ and measurement of photovoltaic response. It was found that Ag+ can be easily reduced to metallic
Ag and obvious photocurrent and photovoltage were observed by V-I recording under visible light
irradiation. Crystalline structure, nitrogen states in the lattice, composition and surface morphology of the
nanostructured films were analyzed by XRD, XPS and SEM.
Joining TiB2-Ni Cermets with Ti6Al4V by Pulse Current Heating
Authors: Peng Yong , Fu Zheng Yi , Wang Wei Min , Wang H. , Wang Yu Cheng , Zhang Jin Yong , Zhang Qing Jie
Published: March 2009

Pulse current heating technology is used to join TiB2-Ni cermets with Ti6Al4V at different
temperatures (1023K, 1073K and 1123K) with 7MPa pressure and Cu foil and Ni foil are used as joining
interlayer. Joint points increase with welding temperature. The microstructure of joints is observed
through SEM images and micrographs. The diffusion coefficient (D0) of Cu at the Cu/TiB2 interface is
calculated by the EPMA patterns. The diffusion principle of pulse current heating and influences of
electric field and current on atom diffusion are studied.
Size Dependent Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Rod-Shaped Oxide Eutectic Ceramic
Authors: Liu Xie Quan , Lu Xiao Bo , Liu Jing Zhi , Li Bao Feng
Published: March 2009

Rod-shaped oxide eutectic ceramics fabricated through SHS process can acquire outstanding
mechanical properties. First, Eshebly-Mori-Tanaka method was used to study Thermal Stress Field of
rod-shaped oxide eutectic ceramics, and then average strain of rod-shaped oxide eutectic ceramics
aroused thermal inconsistency is obtained. The effective thermal expansion longitudinal strain and
transverse strain of rod-shaped oxide eutectic ceramics are determined by the average strain. Rod-shaped
oxide eutectic ceramics is transverse isotropy and has two independent thermal expansion coefficients.
The results show that the thermal expansion coefficients of rod shaped oxide eutectic ceramics are
dependent on the diameter of nano-fiber. The thermal expansion coefficients will decrease when the
diameter of nano-fiber decrease. When the diameter of nano-fiber is bigger than 300nm, the thermal
expansion coefficients of rod shaped oxide eutectic ceramics is constants.
Multi-Scale Modelling of Sintering
Authors: Pan Jing Zhe , Huang Ruo Yu
Published: March 2009

Sintering models at the atomistic, particle and component scales are briefly reviewed and
problems in the current generation of sintering models are highlighted. A strategy of multi-scale
modelling is proposed and our progress in the multiscale modelling is reported. Mathematical details of
the models are left out and the paper is set out to demonstrate what is possible in the next generation of
sintering models.
Flying Combustion Experiments and Numerical Simulation for Ti-B4C-C Agglomerated Particles during the Self-Reactive Spray Forming Process
Authors: Wang Jian Jiang , Hu Wen Bin , Liu Hong Wei , Du Xin Kang
Published: March 2009

With Ti-B4C-C as self-reactive spray forming system, the flying combustion process of the
sprayed particles was studied by means of water-quenching experiments and numerical simulation. It was
found that after the particles have been heated in the oxyacetylene flame for a short time, Ti in the
particles melts first and then infiltrates B4C and C. The SHS reaction of the sprayed particles takes place
subsequently. Then the liquid ceramic beads appear and crystallize into ceramic grains finally. By the
ANSYS finite element analysis, it can be known that the SHS reaction of the sprayed particles starts after
they have left the muzzle for about 9.5×10-4s and lasts about 1.45×10-3s before the ceramic beads solidify.
The calculated optimal melting distance for the spray particles is about 116mm, which is consistent with
the experimental results on the whole.
Practical Advances on the Hot Wire Technique
Authors: Dos Santos Wilson Nunes
Published: March 2009

In this work, a numerical simulation model is proposed with the purpose of determining the
minimum and maximum measuring time for the hot wire parallel technique. An alternative experimental
arrangement is also proposed for materials with thermal conductivity higher than 15W/mk. In this case,
the experimental thermal transient is detected very close to surface of the hot wire, and it will be called
hot wire surface technique. When using this arrangement, the time interval considered for the calculations
may be several times bigger than that one corresponding to the parallel technique. Experimental results
obtained with the surface technique are also checked against those ones obtained with the parallel
technique.
Preparation and Characterization of Silica-Alumina-Pillared Montmorillonites with High Surface Area
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Bao Xiao Jun , Wang Ting Hai , Wang Yong Gang
Published: March 2009

The silica-alumina-pillared montmorillonite materials (SiAl-MMT) were developed by a
novel method, which combined several techniques such as ion-exchange, intercalation and surfactant
modification. The morphology, composite structure and pore properties of such composite materials,
were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM),
Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra, as well as Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherms.
The layer structure of the prepared materials retained and their pore structures were found to be
slit-shaped pores located between plate-like particles. The prepared SiAl-MMT materials had a BJH
pore volume of 0.63cm3 g-1, a remarkably high BET specific surface area beyond 1000 m2 g-1, and a
narrow pore size distribution in the mesoporous region 3.5-4 nm after thermal treatment at 600 °C.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC Whisker-Reinforced ZrB2 Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic
Authors: Hu Ping , Zhang Xing Hong , Han Jie Cai , Meng Song He , Wang Bao Lin
Published: March 2009

SiC whisker-reinforced ZrB2 matrix ultra-high temperature ceramic were prepared at 2000°C
for 1 h under 30MPa by hot pressing and the effects of whisker on flexural strength and fracture toughness
of the composites was examined. The flexural strength and fracture toughness are 510±25MPa and
4.05±0.20MPa⋅m1/2 at room temperature, respectively. Comparing with the SiC particles-reinforced ZrB2
ceramic, no significant increase in both strength and toughness was observed. The microstructure of the
composite showed that the SiC whisker was destroyed because the SiC whisker degraded due to rapid
atom diffusivity at high temperature. The results suggested that some related parameters such as the lower
hot-pressing temperature, a short sintering time should be controlled in order to obtain SiC whiskerreinforced
ZrB2 composite with high properties.
Reactive Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of ZrB2-SiC-ZrC Composites
Authors: Wu Wen Wen , Zhang Guo Jun , Kan Yan Mei , Wang Pei Ling
Published: March 2009

ZrB2-SiC based composites with 0,5 and 15 vol% addition of ZrC were synthesized via reactive
hot pressing at 1800°C using Zr, Si and B4C as raw materials. The mechanical properties of the
composites were investigated. The composite of ZSC15 that contained 15 vol% of ZrC has the highest
hardness. ZSC5 with 5 vol% of ZrC owns a most homogenous microstructure and the highest fracture
toughness and flexural strength.
Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of LixTixNi1-2xO Thin Films
Authors: Zhao Cui Hua , Zhang Bo Ping , Liu Yong , Li Song Jie
Published: March 2009

LixTixNi1-2xO (x =0, 10 and 20 at. %) thin films with 200 nm in thickness were deposited on
Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) by a sol-gel spin-coating method. All samples have a uniform microstructure. The
grain sizes grew from 100 nm to 300 nm by co-doping Li and Ti. The LiTiNiO thin films consist of NiO,
NiTiO3 and Li2NiO2, while the Li-free thin films consist of NiO, NiTiO3 and NiTi0.99O3. The dielectric
properties of the LiTiNiO thin films improved obviously by co-doping Li and Ti, but excess Li increases
the amount of Li2NiO2 phase and decreases the dielectric properties. The dielectric constants at 100 Hz
for the Li0.1Ti0.1Ni0.8O and Li0.2Ti0.2Ni0.6O thin films are 506 and 388 respectively. Appropriate co-doping
contents of Li and Ti are important to obtain a high dielectric property.
Dynamic Observation of Fracture Process in a Silicon Carbide- Matrix Laminated Ceramic Composite
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yuan Guang Jiang , Tong Jian Feng , Du Lin Hu , Chen Da Ming , Zhai Hong Xiang
Published: March 2009

The dynamic process of crack initiation and propagation in a SiC/BN-Al2O3 laminated
composite was observed in situ by scanning electron microscopy. During a bending test with a
single-edge notched-beam specimen, an interfacial crack first initiated in the interlayer near the notch tip,
after which a through-thickness crack formed in the matrix layer at the notch tip. After the
through-thickness crack had grown across the first matrix layer, it was deflected by the next interlayer and
again became an interfacial crack. Interfacial cracks and through-thickness cracks were generated
alternately until the composite failed. The load-displacement plot of the laminated composite exhibited
several peaks, each caused by one propagation of a through-thickness crack. The toughening mechanisms
of the laminated composite included crack deflection, interfacial cracking, and through-thickness branch
cracking.
Material Design of Alkaline Niobate Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Kakimoto Kenichi
Published: March 2009

Nb-based systems have been considered to be the most attractive ceramic system in the
research field of lead-free piezoceramics, since excellent piezoelectric properties were reported in
(Li,Na,K)NbO3-based solid solution (LNKN) systems. This article reviews the characteristic and recent
research activity for several kinds of the niobate systems including LiNbO3, NaNbO3, KNbO3,
tungsten-bronze niobate. The importance of material design for enhancement of piezoelectric properties
and their stability in the wide temperature range is also described for LNKN system.
A Micro Piezoelectric Motor with a Disk-Pivot Structure
Authors: Chu Xiang Cheng , Ma Long , Li Long Tu , Gui Zhi Lun
Published: March 2009

A micro piezoelectric motor with a disk-pivot structure is presented. Different from conventional wobble-type piezoelectric motor using piezoelectric rod or cylinder, piezoelectric disc is used to excite wobble modes and metal cylinder stator is used to amplify the transverse displacement, metal rod rotor is actuated to rotate. The outer diameter of the actuator is 14mm. In this paper, the performances of the motor are characterized, where a high rotation speed and a high toque are obtained. The property of start-up period movement of the motor was studied by a high-speed camera. The toque of the motor was calculated by the property of the start-up movement.
Interfacial Behavior of SiC-Based Boundary Layer Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Hai Long , Xu Hong Liang , Lu Hong Xia , Yang Dao Yuan
Published: March 2009

SiC-based boundary layer capacitors were prepared by hot pressing. XRD, TEM and the high-resolution TEM techniques were used to characterize the sintered samples. It was found that the width of the grain boundary within the SiC-based boundary capacitors was about 200 nm. Extremely high dielectric constant of >2,400,000 appeared in a wide temperature range from 590oC to 730oC, with the maximum of >2,900,000. The critical temperature was about 500oC. Space charge polarization was detected as the temperature increased. Nano grains in the boundary phase were observed, which might enhance the space charge behavior.
Fabrication of Ni-Based Anode Supported SOFCs by Aqueous Tape Casting
Authors: Wu Ye Fan , Chen Hua Long , Huang Zu Zhi , Cheng Liang , Luo Ling Hong
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the sintering behavior of Ni/YSZ anode and YSZ electrolytes fabricated by
aqueous tape casting were studied. This study involved tape casing of Ni/YSZ (8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized
ZrO2) anode, and co-sintering of anode supports and electrolytes. At last, thickness of 140 mm (after
sintering) with uniform microstructure and ~30% porosity anode and thickness of ~10 0m (after sintering)
with high density (> 95%) and electrolyte were achieved.
Manufacture of Electrolyte Component of SOFC
Authors: Liu Ze , Han Min Fang , Lei Ze
Published: March 2009

The manufacture of the electrolyte film is crucial for the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells
(SOFCs). This paper reviews the main methods for fabricating the electrolyte film, which are generally
classified as chemical methods, physical methods and ceramic molding methods. The characteristics of
each method and its application are discussed.
Ultraviolet Photoluminescence on Nano-Crystalline 6H-SiC
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Tong Wei , Tang Zheng Xin , You Jing Han , Liu Xiang Ru , Chen Qing Dong
Published: March 2009

SiC films were prepared by HFCVD technique on (111) Si substrate. The composition and the
structure of the films were investigated using EDX, XRD and transient fluorescence. Results indicated the
films deposited were nanocrystalline and the calculation of the grain size gave a further confirmation. PL
measurement of the present films showed that there existed a strong ultraviolet emission at room
temperature.
Development of A Novel Elasticoluminescent Material with Calcium Aluminosilicate
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yamada Hiroshi , Imai Yusuke , Xu Chao Nan
Published: March 2009

We successfully developed a novel elasticoluminescent (EML) material with water resistance,
CaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ (CAS). The crystal structure, photoluminescence (PL) and EML properties were
characterized for both CAS and the typical EML material SrAl2O4:Eu2+(SAO). Contrary to SAO, CAS
showed superior water resistance property. No changes were found in the XRD patterns, and the PL, EML
intensities, during the whole examination of water immersion test.
Blue-Greenish Light Emission from Stress-Activated SrCaMgSi2O7:Eu
Authors: Zhang Hong Wu , Yamada Hiroshi , Terasaki Nao , Xu Chao Nan
Published: March 2009

We have revealed that SrCaMgSi2O7:Eu phosphors emits blue-greenish light under the
application of a mechanical stress, called as mechanoluminescence (ML). The ML showed a similar
spectrum as photoluminescence, which indicated that ML is emitted from the same center of Eu2+
ions as PL. Such a blue-greenish light of ML emission can be seen by the naked eye when pressing the
sample. In addition, the ML intensity of SrCaMgSi2O7:Eu proportionally increased with the increase
of mechanical load.
Dielectric Properties of MgAl2O4 Transparent Nano-Ceramic
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Deng Xue , Chang Xiang Hui , Lu Tie Cheng , Jiang Yi Hang , Zhu Jian Guo
Published: March 2009

Dielectric constant and dielectric dissipation of MgAl2O4 transparent nano-ceramics were
measured at different frequencies. The results indicated that the transparent nano-ceramic has a very low
dielectric constant and low dielectric dissipation in frequency range of 1K~9MHz, but the dissipation of is
independent of frequency. The dielectric constant of the transparent nano-ceramic does not vary signifycantly
with temperature.
Preparation of Bi-Based High Curie Temperature PTCR Ceramic
Authors: Liang Yun He , Pu Yong Ping , Miao Hong Yan
Published: March 2009

PTCR ceramic samples of two systems, Bi4Ti3-xNbxO12+x/2(BTNO, 0≤x≤0.01) and Bi4Ti3O12 +
(1-z)BaTi1-xNbxO3+x/2+2.0mol%TiO2 (BTO+(1-z)BTNO, 0≤x≤0.01, 0≤z≤1.0), were prepared by mixed
oxide method. The properties of the sapmples were characterized by XRD, AFM and electrical properties
testing. The results showed that single BaBi4Ti4O15 was obtained when x=0.05 and z=0.5. The roomtemperature
resistivity of BTO+(1-z)BTNO ceramic sintered in air was 102-1045·cm. The minimum
resistivity occurred at Nb content of about 0.3mol%.
One-Step Electrodeposition of CIGS Thin Films from Alcohol Solution on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Long F. , Wang Wei Min , Li Jian Jun , Zou Zheng Guang
Published: March 2009

CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) precursor films were fabricated on Mo foils by one-step electrodeposition in water and alcohol solutions. The precursor films were annealed in Ar atmosphere at 450°C to synthesize the polycrystalline thin films. The current density vs. potential curves of Cu2+, In3+, Ga3+ and Se4+ was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The compositions of CIGS, were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrum. The morphology and phase structure of films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.
Self-Organized High Aspect Ratios Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Anodization
Authors: Tao Jin Liang , Zhao Jian Ling , Xu Rong Qing , Mi Ying Juan , Kang Ying Ru , Li Yang Xian
Published: March 2009

The self-organized nanotube arrays were fabricated in glycerol electrolyte containing different additives, such as deionized water or ethylene glycol. The effects of anodization conditions, including anodic voltage, electrolyte viscosity, additives and ion concentration on the pores size and morphology were studied. Combined with preoxidation process, high aspect ratio titania nanotube arrays were formed rapidly in glycerol and saturated NaF solutions at 60 V for 1 h. SEM observation showed that a film with the thickness of about 10μm was obtained. A possible mechanism of the nanotubes growth was presented.
Effect of Dopant on N-Type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Thermoelectric Materials Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Cho Dong Choul , Lee Jae Seol , Lim Chul Ho , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: March 2009

The n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 compounds were fabricated to investigate the characterization of spark
plasma sintering with various SbI3 dopant contents. The Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 compounds with SbI3 dopant content is
exhibited n-type conduction characterization, but the Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 compounds without SbI3 dopant content is
exhibited p-type conduction characterization. The maximum Seebeck coeficient represented with 0.05wt.%
SbI3 dopant content. The Seebeck coefficient of the sintered sample with increasing sintering temperature is
increased from -158 to -182 μV/K. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity with 0.05wt.% SbI3
dopant content were 1.0 m and 1.33 W/mK, respectively.
Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of AgPb18SbTe20 Materials via Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
Authors: Li H. , Cai Ke Feng , Wang H.F. , Wang L. , Li X.L.
Published: March 2009

AgPb18SbTe20 nano-powders have been synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis method at 180
°C for 20 h, using AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2, Sb(NO3)3, Na2TeO3 as starting materials and KBH4 as a reductant.
AgPb18SbTe20 bulk thermoelectric materials were obtained by pressureless sintering at 450 °C or 520 °C
under argon atmosphere, after uniaxial pressing the as-synthesized powders into pellets. The phase
composition and thermal effects of as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and DSC-TG analyses, respectively. Electrical properties of the as-prepared bulk materials were
measured from room temperature to about 700 K, and the maximum power factor of 85 μW/mK2 was
achieved at 600 K for the sample sintered at 723 K for 3 h.
Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of (Ca1-x-yKxBiy)3Co4O9 Ceramic
Authors: Hu Hao Ming , Deng Yuan , Li Jian , Wang Guang Sheng
Published: March 2009

The precursor of (Ca1-x-yKxBiy)3Co4O9 was synthesized by sol-gel method using nitrate salts as raw materials and citrate acid as agent. The final product was obtained after the precursor was calcined at 800°C for 4 h. The polycrystalline bulk samples were fabricated by a conventional sintering process at 900°C for 12 h. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the microstructures and the composition of the samples. The transport properties of the samples at room temperature were determined by measuring electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. The Bi and K-doped samples show an excellent transport properties even at room temperature. The value of power factor of (Ca0.90K0.075Bi0.025)3Co4O9 reaches 1.42×10-4Wm-1K-2 at 293K, close to the performance of pure Ca3Co4O9 at 1000K.
Phase Transition Activity Characteristics of Nanosized AlOOH in the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanosized α-Al2O3
Authors: Liao Hai Da , Huang Lian Xiao , Meng Yan Bin , Wu Bo Lin , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: March 2009

α-Al2O3 nanopowders were prepared by a novel synthesis process, using the nanosized
α-Al2O3 obtained from pyrolyzing ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide as seeds and the
self-dispersed nanosized AlOOH crystal powders as precursors. Based on their good self-dispersion in
water, the α-Al2O3 seeds were dispersed evenly into the AlOOH sol by the new homodispersion mixing
technique. This process enables the conversion of AlOOH to alumina at 190°C (hydrothermal
temperature), in which the alumina is calcined to nanosized alpha-alumina having an average length to
diameter ratio of 60nm:15nm at 930°C. In the synthesis reaction for transforming the AlOOH to alumina,
the effect of superfine pulverization and self-dispersion of the precursors was studied.
Preparation of High-Purity Ultrafine α-Al2O3 by Solid-State Reaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Hao Cheng Wei , Wu Bo Lin , Li Ji Yan
Published: March 2009

Ammonium aluminium carbonate hydroxide (AACH), with a small quantity of γ-AlOOH, was synthesized through solid-state reaction at room temperature using AlCl3·6H2O and NH4HCO3 as raw materials and polyethylene glycol (PEG-10000) as the dispersant. After calcined at 1100°C for 1.5h, α-Al2O3 powders with primary particle sizes of 20~30nm were obtained. The crystal phase, particle size and morphology of the high-purity ultrafine α-Al2O3 were characterized. The results showed that a small quantity of γ-AlOOH in the AACH decomposed and formed crystal seeds. The presence of crystal seeds reduced the nucleation activation energy and therefore reduced the phase transformation temperature.
Water Debinding for Zirconia Powder Injection Molding
Authors: Xie Zhi Peng , Wang Lin Lin , Yang Xian Feng , Zhang Zhen Ting
Published: March 2009

Water debinding is an important debinding technique for ceramic injection molding. However
cracks or blisters usually generate during water extraction. In this paper, two types of multi-component
binder systems were studied: (1) a major fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and a minor fraction of
polyvinyl butyra (PVB) and other additives. (2) a major fraction of PEG, and a minor fraction of
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other additives. Mechanism of defects generation was
investigated, and PEGs with various molecular weights were introduced to avoid cracks or blisters during
the process. Further more, the compatibilities of PEG/PVB and PEG/PMMA were studied. The results
showed that PEG and PMMA exhibited better compatibility, with the feedstock more homogeneous and
sintered ceramic parts higher strength.
Effects of Substitution SiC for SiO2 on Microwave Heating of ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 System Composites
Authors: Fan Wei , Liu Jia Chen , He Xin , Wan Wei , Liu Chang
Published: March 2009

As a foundational research for microwave sintering or joining of ceramics related to ternary
ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 system, effects of substitution SiC for SiO2 on rates of raising temperature, phase
evolutions and microstructures were investigated. Influences of microwave power and holding time on
heating were examined in means of detecting formation of mullite. It was proved to be an effective means
to substitute SiC for SiO2 in microwave heating of ternary ZrO2-Al2O3-SiO2 system.
Electrical Characterization and Microstructures of Tb-Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Sun Y.H. , Chen Min , An W.K. , Cai A.H. , Liu J. , Su K.L.
Published: March 2009

Tb-doped bismuth titanate (BixTbyTi3O12: BTT) and pure Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) thin films with
random orientation were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique.
These samples had polycrystalline Bi-layered perovskite structure without preferred orientation, and
consisted of well-developed rod-like grains with random orientation. Tb doping into BIT caused a large
shift of the Curie temperature (TC) from 675°C to lower temperature. The experimental results indicated
that Tb doping into BIT result in a remarkable improvement in dielectric property.
Surface Characteristics and Aqueous Dispersibility of Commercial Silicon Nitride Powders: Comparison of As-Received Powders
Authors: Dai Jian Qing , Huang Yong , Ma Jing Tao , Xie Zhi Peng
Published: March 2009

Particular attention is paid in this paper to understanding the surface characteristics and
aqueous dispersibility of as-received commercial powders. The different production methods and specific
pulverization processes used for the four powders studied (FD1, FD2, M11, UBE) result in obvious
differences in such powder properties as surface groups, aqueous dispersibility, and water-soluble ions.
Texturing of Si3N4 Ceramics via Strong Magnetic Field Alignment
Authors: Zhu Xin Wen , Suzuki Tohru , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Sakka Yoshio
Published: March 2009

This paper reports the texture development in Si3N4 by strong magnetic field alignment
(SMFA), using slip casting of α-Si3N4 raw powder (SN-E10) and pressureless sintering. The texture of
β-Si3N4 in the green and sintered bodies was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The a, b-axis and c-axis aligned β-Si3N4 has been obtained by the
static and rotating magnetic field of 12 T, respectively. The β-seed addition and prolonged sintering both
enhance the texture, but the former is more efficient. This work suggests an efficient SMFA strategy of
producing highly textured β-Si3N4, particularly the unidirectionally c-axis aligned β-Si3N4 by seeding the
α-raw powder using the less-agglomerated β-phase particles.
Preparation of β-Sialon from Fly Ash by Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation Reaction
Authors: Huang Jun Tong , Fang Ming Hao , Liu Yan Gai , Huang Zhao Hui
Published: March 2009

Single phase Sialon was synthesized successfully from fly ash by carbothermal reductionnitridation
reaction in this paper. The effects of synthesizing temperature (1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C
and 1450°C) and carbon content (stoichiometric content, exceeding 10%, 50% and 100%) on the final
production were studied by XRD and SEM. Synthesis mechanism of β-Sialon was also analysized.
The results indicated that single phase β-Sialon with z=3 was obtained using fly ash as raw materials
and carbon black of stoichiometric content as reducer by carbothermal reduction- nitridation reaction
in flow nitrogen at 1450°C for 3h. Temperature and content of carbon had significant effect on the
synthesis of β-Sialon.
Preparation of Titanium Diboride Reticulated Porous Ceramics
Authors: Han Shao Wei , Wang Wei Min , Fu Zheng Yi , Wang Hao
Published: March 2009

Using a reticulated polyurethane sponge with interconnected pores as primal framework and
immersing into TiB2 slurry consisting of Ni and Mo as sintering additives, a porous TiB2 ceramics with
high porosity and interconnected pores was prepared by immersing and high temperature sintering
process. The rheology of TiB2 slurry which used silica sol as a binder was studied. The optimum condition
of the slurry suitable for impregnating the polyurethane sponge was obtained. The flexural strength of the
porous reticulated TiB2 ceramics can reach 1 MPa.
Mapping of Composition, Phase Transitions and Properties in Oxidized Ti3SiC2
Authors: Oo Zeya , Low It Meng , Palmquist Jens Petter , Avdeev M.
Published: March 2009

The oxidation characteristics, composition profile and phase transition of Ti3SiC2 in the
temperature range 20-1400°C have been investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction and secondary ion
mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Anatase has been observed to form at ~600°C, rutile at ~750°C and
cristobalite at ∼1300°C. Depth-profiling results by SIMS and Vickers indentation have revealed a distinct
gradient in composition and microhardness within the surface oxide layers.
Cerium-Phytic Acid Passivation Treatment on Galvanized Steel
Authors: Liu G.M. , Yang L. , Yu F. , Tian Ji Hong , Duo Shu Wang , Du N.
Published: March 2009

In order to improve corrosion resistance of galvanized steel, a novel cerium-phytic acid
passivation treatment was studied. The process of cerium-phytic acid passivation on galvanized
steel was optimized. The corrosion resistance of cerium-phytic passivated samples was tested by
dropping test and weight loss test. The electrochemical behaviors of cerium, phytic acid and
cerium-phytic acid passivated samples in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution were investigated by polarization
curve and AC impendence spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion equivalent circuit established
according to impedance characteristics. The corrosion current density of the samples were treated
by cerium and phytic acid was 8.52 × 10-5 A/cm2 and 9.39 × 10-5 A/cm2, respectively, However, the
samples were passivated by cerium-phytic acid the corrosion current density decreased to 1.76 ×
10-5 A/cm2, respectively. The test results showed that cerium-phytic acid passivated samples
exhibited better corrosion resistance than that of cerium or phytic acid passivated sample under the
same test conditions.
Effect of Microbes on the Early Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Jiang Li Whu , Cao G. , Mao Xu Hui , Gan Fu Xing
Published: March 2009

In China’s freshwater environment, the eutrophication phenomenon has become more
and more serious in recent years. The changes of water quality may induce the variation of metal’s
corrosion behavior. In this paper, carbon steel as common material of hydraulic structure was the
investigated object, and its early corrosion behavior affected by microbes (algae and microbe) in
eutrophic lakes was studied using immersion test, electrochemical measurements and infra-red
spectrometry techniques. The experimental waters were natural eutrophic water and microbescleaned
water. The former was fetched from eutrophic East Lake in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of
China, and the preparation of later was making natural eutrophic water sterilized and algae removed
by UV radiation. In order to present the changes of carbon steel’s corrosion behavior in natural
eutrophic freshwater with and without microbes, comparative experiments were conducted in lab.
Both weight loss method and electrochemical techniques showed that, the corrosion rates of carbon
steel decreased in early stage for the influence of microbe existence. The analysis of infrared spectra
indicated that, corrosion product on the surface of coupons taken from natural eutrophic water,
mainly were δ hydroxyl ferric oxide, magnetic iron ore, γ hydroxyl ferric oxide, α hydroxyl ferric
oxide and β hydroxyl ferric oxide, with relative concentration ratio of 1:0.314:1.003:0.634: 0.654.
While corrosion product on the surface of carbon steel taken from the microbes-cleaned water,
mainly were α hydroxyl ferric oxide and γ hydroxyl ferric oxide, with relative concentration ratio of
1:1.215.
Surface Properties of 3000°C High Melting Point Material by Powder Mixed EDM
Authors: Hu Fu Qiang , Zhang Hong , Zhao Wan Sheng , Wang Zhen Long , Hu Ding , Yu Yang
Published: March 2009

Two kinds of specimen made of a kind of Ta-W alloy material with high melting point about 3000°C were processed by a traditional EDM (TEDM) and a powder mixed EDM (PMEDM) separately, and its surface characteristics were tested. After processing, their surfaces had the roughness of Ra 0.542μm and Ra 0.174μm, respectively. Moreover, their surface wear-resistance was studied on a CJS111A friction and wear tester. The micro-appearances on the wear surfaces were observed and analyzed by using a SEM. The test results indicated that the better wear-resisting ability the specimen, the higher wear rate displayed during the test the grinding balls. The wear rates of grinding balls corresponding to the two processed surfaces are 2.4×10-5 mm3/m for the TEDM and 1.4×10-4 mm3/m for the PMEDM, and the latter is 5.8 times of the former. The results show that the PMEDM is better at improving the wear-resistance, roughness and hardness than the TEDM, which means that the technique of PMEDM has a great potential in processing the special material.
Effect of Chamfered PCBN Tool Edge Geometries on Hard Turning Process
Authors: Chen Tao , Yan Fu Gang , Wu Chun Ya , Pen Hong Min , Liu Xian Li
Published: March 2009

By cutting experiments, this paper investigates the effect of various chamfer widths and chamfer angles on cutting force, cutting temperature, and chip morphology when hardened steel GCr15(HRC60+2) is machined with PCBN tools. The research results indicate that with the enlargement of chamfer angle both cutting temperature and main cutting force increase gradually, and especially, radial force increases more significantly. In addition, it is shown that as chamfer width increases both cutting force and cutting temperature rise. The analytical results of chips derived from cutting experiments reveal that chamfer angle being 20º, chips are the thickest and less serrated. Furthermore, chip thickness diminishes gradually with the increment of chamfer width.
Large Plastic Deformation and Ultra-Fine Grained Structures Generated by Machining
Authors: Deng Wen Jun , Xia Wei , Li Yong , Wan Zhen Ping , Tang Yong
Published: March 2009

Microstructure of machined copper chips at very low velocity was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the machined chip produced by reasonable combinations of machining parameters is virtually entirely occupied by isolated equiaxed submicron grains of 100~300nm in size with high-angle boundaries. A finite element model was developed to study large plastic deformation in plain orthogonal machining copper. The numerical results show most of the grain refinement associated with the formation of ultra-fine grained chip may be attributed to the large shear strain imposed in the deformation zone. It is feasible to take machining process as a method of preparing ultra-fine grained materials. But the optimal design of the machining process requires a precise and quantitative understanding of the mechanics of deformation-induced subgrain microstructure.
Effects of Conditioning Parameters on Pad Performances
Authors: Wei Xin , Yuan Hui , Xiong Wei , Xie Xiao Zhu
Published: March 2009

This paper studied the effects of the off-process conditioning parameters on the pad
performances. The pad conditioning was evaluated based on the measurement of pad removal rate,
the observation of the conditioned pad surface. The performances of conditioned pads were
evaluated also by the material removal rate (MRR) and the surface roughness of polished wafers in
the CMP experiments of LiTaO3 crystal wafers.
Study on Inner Micro-Grooves of Heat Pipe Spinning Process and Multi-Tooth Mandrel
Authors: Li Yong , Tang Yong , Li Xi Bing , Deng Wen Jun , Zeng Zhi Xin
Published: March 2009

The manufacturing process of micro-grooves inside thin-walled copper heat-pipe is always
complicated and difficult. Separately adopted GCr15 and W18Cr4V multi-tooth mandrel, a series of
experiments have been done to machine axially inner micro-grooves of micro-heat-pipe with oil-filled
steel-ball spinning technology to analyze the mandrel effect and failure mechanism. It was studied
how the tooth-shape of multi-tooth mandrel affects the inner micro-groove shape of the copper tube
and how the working position of multi-tooth mandrel affects groove-wall surface morphology and
groove path. The wear and fracture characteristics of multi-tooth mandrel are introduced. It is proved
that the form of GCr15 mandrel failure in machining micro-grooves is tooth-broken or
tooth-collapsed, and its service life is short. Differently, the form of W18Cr4V mandrel failure is felt
wear, and its service life is long.
Study on Dry WEDMed Surface Quality of Mould Steel
Authors: Wang Tong , Zhang Xin Fu , Zhao Xue Fang
Published: March 2009

This paper studies the surface quality of tool steel with high-speed wire electrical
discharge machining (WEDM) method, which is conducted in gas to improve the accuracy of finish
cut, and compares the surface quality in atmosphere and in emulsion dielectric. Experiment results
showed that WEDM in atmosphere offers advantages such as better straightness and higher material
removal rate. With the growth of wire winding speed, the removal rate and straightness error will
increase significantly either in atmosphere or in liquid. Along with the feed increasing, the
discharge gap lengthes decrease successively under the both media conditions, and the straightness
is obviously improved in atmosphere. Regardless of the use of atmosphere or emulsion, an optimum
feed will exist, which makes the roughness the lowest and the removal rate the highest.
A Micro Milling Model Considering Metal Phases and Minimum Chip Thickness
Authors: Wang Jin Sheng , Shi Jia Shun , Gong Ya Dong , Abba G. , Cai Guang Qi
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a micro milling model is brought forward. The influences of different metal phases and the minimum chip thickness are considered in the model. The cutting forces and the surface generation in the micro milling process are predicted. Through the experiment validation, the results correlate to the model very well.
Tool Cutting Force Modeling in High Speed Milling Using PSO-BP Neural Network
Authors: Zheng Jin Xing , Zhang Ming Jun , Meng Qing Xin
Published: March 2009

The theory and the algorithm of Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based for neural
network training were applied in the research of the modeling of milling force in high speed
machining. The PSO was used to train connection weights of multi-layer feed forward neural network
until the fitness error tended to be stable. Then BP algorithm was adopted to accomplish cutting force
forecasting based on optimized initial weights, which take full use of the global optimization of PSO
and local accurate searching of BP. The results of simulation showed that with comparison with other
BP algorithms, PSO-BP not only effectively shortens the time of training networks, but also greatly
improves the accuracy of prediction and universal approximation. PSO technique can act as an
alternative training algorithm for ANNs.
Mechanism of Brittle-Ductile Transition of Single Silicon Wafer Using Nanoindentation Techniques
Authors: Sun Yu Li , Zuo Dun Wen , Li Duo Sheng , Chen Rong Fa , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

Hardness, elastic modulus and scratch resistance of single silicon wafer are measured by
nanoindentation and nanoscratching using a nanoindenter. Fracture toughness is measured by
indentation using a Vickers indenter. The results show that the hardness and elastic modulus at a peak
indentation depth of 100 nm are 12.6 and 166.5 GPa respectively. These values reflect the properties
of the silicon wafer, the bulk material. The fracture toughness value of the silicon wafer is 0.74
Mpa·m1/2. The material removal mechanisms are seen to be directly related to the normal force on the
tip. The critical load and scratch depth estimated from the scratch depth profile after the scratching
and the friction profile are 138.64 mN and 54.63 nm respectively. If the load and scratch depth are
under the critical values, the silicon wafer will undergo plastic flow rather than fracture. The critical
scratch depth is different from that calculated from the formula of critical-depth-of-cut described by
Bifnao et al and some reasons are given.
Numerical Analysis on the Process of Laser Continuous Peen Forming of Metal Plate
Authors: Jiang Su Qing , Zhou Jian Zhong , Huang Shu , Du Jian Jun , Sun Yue Qing , Yang Ji Chang
Published: March 2009

The principle of laser peen forming (LPF) is introduced, the loading model of laser shock wave is established. This paper focuses on applying finite element analyses, instead of a complicated experimental procedure, to predict the development, magnitude and distribution of residual stresses induced by laser impacts on a metal plate, and dynamic process of laser continuous peen forming is realized with the FEM code ABAQUS. Based on the numerical analysis, the laser processing parameters can be optimized and the deformation contour of metal plate can be analyzed. The results calculated by the finite element method are correlated well with the available experimental results. The simulated results also reveal that adjusting the laser energy appropriately can result in an anticipated shape of plate in LPF process.
Forming and Control of Feed-Direction Burr in Drilling
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Fan Shu Tian , Zhu Yun Ming , Pei Hong Jie , Qu Hai Jun , Li Qin Feng
Published: March 2009

A forming model of the feed-direction burr for drilling process is made in this paper. The feed-direction burr formation is studied by experiment. The related theories are analyzed. The influence factors of the feed-direction burrs are pointed out. Furthermore, a certain number of measures to prevent and decrease the burr in drilling process are advanced.
Research on a Framework of Agent-Based Collaborative Job-Shop Scheduling
Authors: Jiao Guang Ming , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

Because of the fierce competition among manufacturers and customers’ diverse needs, it is essential for manufacturers to organize virtual organization to enhance their agilities to the market. However, the job-shop scheduling becomes very complex and very difficult in a temporary virtual organization. To achieve a harmonious collaborative engineering environment, a framework of agent-based collaborative job-shop scheduling is proposed and resource conflicts are discussed, and the theory of rough set and fuzzy appraise are applied to mediate these conflicts.
The Fatigue Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels: Role of Microstructure
Authors: Vogt Jean Bernard
Published: March 2009

The paper analyzes the role of microstructure on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of duplex stainless steels. The alloys are investigated in their as received condition and after ageing at 475°C. The fatigue resistance and the cyclic accommodation of these DSS are strongly controlled by the volume fraction of α and γ "phases which is related to the chemical composition in particular nitrogen. It is shown that DSS with a high fraction of austenite present a good combination of fatigue resistance and cyclic softening especially in the aged condition. The mutual interaction between ferrite and austenite referred to load transfer is beneficial for increasing the fatigue resistance. Alloying with nitrogen appears to be a promising way to master an optimised microstructure leading to high mechanical resistant DSS.
An Investigation of the High Cycle Fatigue and Final Fracture Behavior of Aluminum Alloy 2219
Authors: Srivatsan T.S. , Vasudevan Satish , Park Lisa , Lederich R.J.
Published: March 2009

In this research paper, the cyclic stress amplitude controlled fatigue response and
fracture behavior of an Al-Cu (Aluminum Association designation 2219) is presented and
discussed. The alloy was provided as a thin sheet in the T62 temper in the fully anodized
condition. A small quantity of the as-provided sheet was taken and the surface carefully prepared to
remove the thin layer of anodized coating. Test specimens of the alloy, prepared from the two
sheets (anodized and non-anodized), were cyclically deformed under stress amplitude control at
two different load ratios with the primary objective of establishing the conjoint influence of
magnitude of cyclic stress, load ratio and intrinsic microstructural effects on cyclic fatigue life and
final fracture characteristics. The high cycle fatigue resistance of the alloy is described in terms of
maximum stress, load ratio, and microstructural influences on strength. The final fracture behavior
of the alloy sheet is discussed in light of the concurrent and mutually interactive influences of
intrinsic microstructural effects, deformation characteristics of the alloy microstructure, magnitude
of cyclic stress, and resultant fatigue life.