bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercalating Graphite‐Based Na‐Ion Battery Anodes with Integrated Magnetite
Authors: Karunarathna Rukshan , Ranasinghe Arachchige Harsha , Karunarathne Shadeepa , Wijesinghe W. Parakrama Sanjeewa Lakshitha , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Mantilaka M. M. M. Prasanga Gayanath , Kannangara Yasun Y. , Abdelkader Amr M.
Published: December 2024

Graphite is known as the most successful anode material found for Li‐ion batteries. However, unfortunately, graphite delivers an ordinary capacity as anode material for the next‐generation Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to difficulties in intercalating larger Na+ ions in between the layers of graphene due to incompatible d‐spacing. The methodologies investigated in deriving suitable anode structures for SIBs are found to be either less effective, expensive, or rather too complex in most cases. Herein, a simple strategy is introduced to derive suitable anode materials for SIBs through a modified electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The introduced exfoliation process is able to graft Fe3O4 (magnetite) on graphite allowing the structure to expand, supporting a swift intercalation and deintercalation of Na ions. The synthesized magnetite‐functionalized graphene nanoplatelets are identified as a well‐suited anode material for SIBs, with its efficient intercalation obtained through the expanded interlayer spacing of 3.9 Å and the surface redox pseudocapacitive activity attained through the surface‐grafted magnetite. The effectiveness of the synthesized is reflected in the obtained high discharge capacitance of 420 mAh g−1, with 96% capacitive retention over 1000 cycles. The study opens new opportunities for prospective low‐cost anode materials for energy storage applications.
“I Should Pay:” Interaction Ritual Presentation in PK Live Streaming
Authors: Bao Han , Joo Hyoungil
Published: December 2024

This study examines the phenomenon of “PK Live streaming” on Douyin, a leading Chinese social platform for short‐form content. Through participant observation and in‐depth interviews, the study explores the underlying motivations that drive users to participate fervently in PK Live streaming. Notable for its direct format, heightened emotional intensity and symbolic components, PK Live streaming has generated significant financial gains. The results of the study highlight the important role of interaction rituals in shaping user behavior during PK Live streaming sessions. This analysis elucidates how the strategic deployment of interaction rituals in PK Live streaming systematically engages users, capturing their attention and driving platform success.
Intimacy in the Occupational Rehabilitation Group for Ultra‐Orthodox Women of Low Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Sagiv Zuri Gitit , Shoshana Avihu
Published: December 2024

This ethnographic study of an occupational rehabilitation group for low socioeconomic status ultra‐Orthodox women in the Israeli labor market investigates the expression, and role, of intimacy. The findings demonstrate that intimacy appeared early on, revealing an immediate intersubjective understanding between the women, which manifested in empathy, harmony and advocacy, and shared language. They experienced a cross‐cultural encounter with a neoliberal model contradicting their values and culture and used their similarity and applied intimacy to emphasize their shared identity and oppose the neoliberal discourse. We discuss intimacy as a practice of hidden, everyday resistance counteracting intercultural tensions and conflicts.
On the Time Consistent Solution to Optimal Stopping Problems with Expectation Constraint
Authors: Christensen S. , Klein M. , Schultz B.
Published: December 2024

We study the (weak) equilibrium problem arising from the problem of optimally stopping a one-dimensional diffusion subject to an expectation constraint on the time until stopping. The weak equilibrium problem is realized with a set of randomized but purely state dependent stopping times as admissible strategies. We derive a verification theorem and necessary conditions for equilibria, which together basically characterize all equilibria. Furthermore, additional structural properties of equilibria are obtained to feed a possible guess-and-verify approach, which is then illustrated by an example.
Consumer views on the use of digital tools for reporting adverse drug reactions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dedefo Mohammed Gebre , Lim Renly , Kassie Gizat M. , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Salekdeh Nava Nikpay , Roughead Elizabeth , Kalisch Ellett Lisa
Published: December 2024

Background

The application of digital technologies has shown benefits in enhancing pharmacovigilance activities but consumers views on the use of these tools for this purpose are not well described.

Aim

To explore consumers’ views on using digital tools to report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and identify key features that consumers want in digital tools for ADR reporting.

Method

An online survey was conducted among adults who had taken medicine in the previous six-months in Australia. The development of questions was guided by the Combined Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour (C-TAM-TPB) framework. Responses to closed-ended questions were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square/Fisher’s exact test, while free-text responses were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

A total of 494 responses were included in the analysis. Eighty-seven percent of respondents preferred using digital tools for reporting ADRs. Consumers indicated a free-text space for describing ADRs (90%) as important or very important features of digital tools for ADR reporting, followed by acknowledgement of their report submission (87%) and receiving summary of previously reported ADRs (87%). Women (p < 0.001), advanced smartphone users (p < 0.001), and previous digital healthcare tool users (p = 0.017) showed higher intention to use digital tools. Consumers emphasized the importance of ease-of-use, accessibility, receiving medicine safety information, feedback, and advice for reporting ADRs via digital tools.

Conclusion

Consumers prefer using digital tools for reporting ADRs and place high value on features such as a free-text space for describing ADRs, acknowledgement of report submissions, and access to summaries of previously submitted reports.
Glucose regulation and association with Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone – differences across Middle Eastern and Caucasian ethnicities
Authors: Dhaher Nadine Fadhel , Wändell Per , Bennet Louise
Published: December 2024

Background

Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants to Europe have a heavy burden of metabolic disorders including a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity as compared to native-born Europeans. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent conditions in people originating from the ME.

Aims

To study the differences in the levels of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) across ME and European ethnicity, and the effect of 25(OH)D and PTH on insulin action and secretion.

Methods

Vitamin D and PTH levels were assessed in a population-based cohort of 918 participants (449 Swedes and 469 Iraqis) aged 30–75 years. The differences between the groups in the adjusted levels of Vitamin D and PTH were studied using multiple regression analysis. Differences in insulin action and secretion, in relation to risk markers including Vitamin D and PTH, were assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Results

Vitamin D and PTH adjusted levels differed significantly between the groups; 92% of the Iraqi-born versus 45% of the Swedish-born individuals had Vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L. The mean levels of PTH (SD) were higher in Iraqi-born compared to native Swedish-born (5.1 (2.3) vs. 3.8 (1.6) pmol/L, p = < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity was lower in Iraqi-born (79.16 vs. 98.97, β -0.085, 95% CI −.163 to −.007) but after adjustment for the confounding effect of Vitamin D, the differences in insulin action observed between the groups were no longer significant.

Conclusion

The ethnic differences in insulin action could be explained by differences in the levels of Vitamin D.
A review on detection and differentiation of maize diseases and pests by imaging sensors
Authors: Pfordt Annette , Paulus Stefan
Published: December 2024

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important cereal crops globally, providing food, feed, and fuel for humans and animals. However, the production of maize is frequently challenged by various stresses that can severely impact crop yield and quality. Early detection and identification are critical for implementing timely and effective control measures to reduce their impact. Therefore, it is essential to establish effective disease and pest monitoring and management strategies to ensure sustainable maize production and maintain food security. Conventional detection methods relying on visual assessments by human experts are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and subjective. The emergence of imaging sensors, computer vision technologies, and high throughput platforms has revolutionised the detection and differentiation of crop diseases, offering a non-invasive and rapid approach. In this publication, we present a review on imaging sensors for the detection and differentiation of symptoms on maize caused by diseases and pests. The main advantages and limitations of each imaging sensor, along with its applications and case studies for maize disease detection, are introduced and discussed. Recent advances in the visible, near-infrared, and hyperspectral imaging for maize disease detection are highlighted, and the importance of different sensors is discussed. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in this field, highlighting the potential of imaging sensors for improving maize production and identifying future research directions in this area.
3D printed artificial coral reefs: design and manufacture
Authors: Pham Loan Thi , Huang Jie Yi
Published: December 2024

Applying 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology to design and manufacturing can create a diverse configuration of the marine landscape. However, this combination of 3D technology and artificial coral products is still in the initial stage of research and application. Therefore, this study introduces a novel design shape model, bridging theory and experimental models. Two innovative design models have been presented, and one has been manufactured and assembled based on the optimal assembling process. The paper aims to propose a design shape model for artificial coral reefs that employs innovative 3D concrete printing technology to create rough surfaces with openings and cavities similar to those found in natural rocks. The proposed design shape for artificial coral reefs, successfully trialed in this research, can be used as a reference model. The procedure for essential works, including drawing, printing, assembling, and some techniques, is helpful for understanding and implementing the works presented in the study. The application of 3D concrete printing technology to an artificial reef fulfills an identified need and plays a crucial role in marine ecosystem restoration and protecting endangered habitats, thereby making a significant social impact while promoting sustainable development in construction. This paper fulfills an identified need to apply 3D concrete printing technology to manufacturing artificial coral reefs.
The role of fluid–structure coupling in the generation of an attractive squeeze-film force
Authors: Ramanarayanan S. , Sánchez A.L.
Published: December 2024

Developed in this study is a theoretical description of squeeze-film lubrication systems that involve the flexural oscillation of a thin plate near a parallel wall. Such systems were discovered in recent experiments to produce load-bearing attractive forces that are a thousandfold stronger than those generated by rigid oscillators, which typically favour repulsion. Analyses of squeeze-film gas flow driven by a presumed plate deformation reproduce the observed magnification of attractive load capacity, but exhibit serious discrepancies with crucial aspects of the experimental measurements – most importantly, the precise distribution of air pressure along the film. The discrepancies are resolved in this study by accounting for the presence of two-way-coupled fluid–structure interactions whereby the undulations of the plate, modelled here with use of the classical Kirchhoff–Love equation, are affected non-negligibly by the evolving pressure, described by a modified Reynolds lubrication equation that accounts for compressibility. The resulting problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication is solved with use of perturbation methods that exploit the limit of small oscillation amplitudes. The analysis ultimately provides an explicit expression specifying the attractive load capacity of a squeeze-film system as a function of relevant operating parameters – including, in particular, the amplitude and frequency of the localized excitation force exerted on the plate. The rudimentary theory derived here may be readily generalized to guide the analysis and development of a wide variety of emerging engineering systems that exploit the vibration-induced squeeze-film effect – such as wall-climbing soft robots and contactless grippers.
What Can the Public Humanities Learn about Impact from the Environmental Humanities?
Authors: Holm Poul , Hartman Steven
Published: December 2024

We present two examples of how the environmental humanities have built bridges with governments and made effective policy interventions. Lessons can be drawn about how public humanities can help develop social and cultural understanding and societal resilience.
A Multi‐Decade Tracer Study of the Circulation and Spreading Rates of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pasqualini A. , Schlosser P. , Newton R. , Smethie W. M. , Friedrich R.
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, we present tritium‐3He (3H‐3He) apparent ages and hydrographic data from 21 expeditions spanning 27 years of Arctic Ocean section work (1987–2013) to estimate flow paths and spreading velocities of the Atlantic Waters (AW) circulation on a pan‐Arctic scale. Tracer data not only corroborate the well‐organized cyclonic flow along the continental slope but also introduce a temporal dimension to these observations. Additionally, they provide insights into other circulation branches of the Atlantic layer, which are hypothesized to be influenced by deep submarine ridges. Tracer measurements indicate that mean spreading rates vary across different branches of the circulation pattern. Along the boundary current, spreading velocities range from approximately 0.7 to 1.5 cm s−1, with no significant difference observed between the waters of the two vertically stacked Atlantic branches. Within the limits of our method, tracer data support the hypothesis originally proposed by Rudels et al. (1994), https://doi.org/10.1029/gm085p0033—of stable pathways in the Atlantic Layer, influenced by topographic constraints.
Distinct Energy Budgets of Mars and Earth
Authors: Guan Larry , Li Liming , Creecy Ellen C. , Jiang Xun , Wang Xinyue , Martínez Germán , Toigo Anthony D. , Richardson Mark I. , Sánchez‐Lavega Agustín , Lee Yeon Joo
Published: December 2024

The radiant energy budget (REB) is a fundamental physical parameter for planetary bodies, though studies constraining the REB for bodies beyond Earth are relatively limited. We generate the first meridional profiles of Mars' REB at seasonal and annual timescales through measurements based on long term multi‐instrument observations from spacecraft orbiting Mars. Then, we compare our findings to Earth's REB using contemporary satellite data sets. Each planet exhibits remarkably distinct seasonal REB distributions due to differences in their orbital, atmospheric, and surface properties. Annually, Earth's REB exhibits a tropical energy surplus and a deficit at the poles. In contrast, Mars' annual REB displays an inverted meridional distribution with significant hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, global dust storms significantly modify the Martian REB. Our observations are employable in future studies to improve models on Mars' general circulation, meteorology, and polar ice cap evolution.
Neuroinflammatory history results in overlapping transcriptional signatures with heroin exposure in the nucleus accumbens and alters responsiveness to heroin in male rats
Authors: Floris Gabriele , Zanda Mary Tresa , Dabrowski Konrad R. , Daws Stephanie E.
Published: December 2024

Recent progress in psychiatric research has highlighted neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of opioid use disorder (OUD), suggesting that heightened immune responses in the brain may exacerbate opioid-related mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms resulting from neuroinflammation that impact opioid-induced behaviors and transcriptional pathways remain poorly understood. In this study, we have begun to address this critical knowledge gap by exploring the intersection between neuroinflammation and exposure to the opioid heroin, utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, to investigate transcriptional changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an essential region in the mesolimbic dopamine system that mediates opioid reward. By integrating RNA sequencing with bioinformatic and statistical analyses, we observed significant transcriptional overlaps between neuroinflammation and experimenter-administered heroin exposure in the NAc. Furthermore, we identified a subset of NAc genes synergistically regulated by LPS and heroin, suggesting that LPS history may exacerbate some heroin-induced molecular neuroadaptations. We extended our findings to examine the impact of neuroinflammatory history on responsiveness to heroin in a locomotor sensitization assay and observed LPS-induced exacerbation of heroin sensitization, indicating that neuroinflammation may increase sensitivity to opioids’ behavioral effects. Lastly, we performed comparative analysis of the NAc transcriptional profiles of LPS-heroin rats with those obtained from voluntary heroin intake in a rat model of heroin self-administration (SA) and published human OUD datasets. We observed significant convergence of the three datasets and identified transcriptional patterns in the preclinical models that recapitulated human OUD neuropathology, highlighting the utility of preclinical models to further investigate molecular mechanisms of OUD pathology. Overall, our study elucidates transcriptional interconnections between neuroinflammation and heroin exposure, and also provides evidence of the behavioral ramifications of such interactions. By bridging the gap between neuroinflammation and heroin exposure at the transcriptional level, our work provides valuable insights for future research aimed at mitigating the influence of inflammatory pathways in OUD.
Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening
Authors: Ramani Anand , Pasquini Giovanni , Gerkau Niklas J. , Jadhav Vaibhav , Vinchure Omkar Suhas , Altinisik Nazlican , Windoffer Hannes , Muller Sarah , Rothenaigner Ina , Lin Sean , Mariappan Aruljothi , Rathinam Dhanasekaran , Mirsaidi Ali , Goureau Olivier , Ricci-Vitiani Lucia , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Wollnik Bernd , Muotri Alysson , Freifeld Limor , Jurisch-Yaksi Nathalie , Pallini Roberto , Rose Christine R. , Busskamp Volker , Gabriel Elke , Hadian Kamyar , Gopalakrishnan Jay
Published: December 2024

Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple hiPSC lines. These High Quantity brain organoids (Hi-Q brain organoids) exhibit reproducible cytoarchitecture, cell diversity, and functionality, are free from ectopically active cellular stress pathways, and allow cryopreservation and re-culturing. Patient-derived Hi-Q brain organoids recapitulate distinct forms of developmental defects: primary microcephaly due to a mutation in CDK5RAP2 and progeria-associated defects of Cockayne syndrome. Hi-Q brain organoids displayed a reproducible invasion pattern for a given patient-derived glioma cell line. This enabled a medium-throughput drug screen to identify Selumetinib and Fulvestrant, as inhibitors of glioma invasion in vivo. Thus, the Hi-Q approach can easily be adapted to reliably harness brain organoids’ application for personalized neurogenetic disease modeling and drug discovery.
Assessing the feasibility of using a data-driven corrosion rate model for optimizing dosages of corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Jayaweera Chamanthi Denisha , Fernandes del Pozo David , Hitsov Ivaylo Plamenov , Van Haeverbeke Maxime , Diekow Thomas , Verliefde Arne , Nopens Ingmar
Published: December 2024

Optimizing dosages of corrosion inhibitors requires experimental data gathered from time-consuming methods. The current study examines the feasibility of optimizing inhibitor dosages using a model trained for predicting corrosion rates more easily measured using linear polarization resistance in a full-scale cooling water system. A comprehensive study on variable selection showed that linearly correlated variables are necessary to predict corrosion trends. The Sobol sensitivity of inhibitors is trivialized by variables linearly correlated to the corrosion rate. The study highlights the importance of achieving high model prediction accuracy and high Sobol sensitivity of inhibitors to the corrosion rate, for using the model for inhibitor dosage optimization.
Addressing brain metabolic connectivity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a novel graph theory-driven application of 18F-FDG-PET with antipsychotic dose correction
Authors: De Simone Giuseppe , Iasevoli Felice , Barone Annarita , Gaudieri Valeria , Cuocolo Alberto , Ciccarelli Mariateresa , Pappatà Sabina , de Bartolomeis Andrea
Published: December 2024

Few studies using Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-PET) have examined the neurobiological basis of antipsychotic resistance in schizophrenia, primarily focusing on metabolic activity, with none investigating connectivity patterns. Here, we aimed to explore differential patterns of glucose metabolism between patients and controls (CTRL) through a graph theory-based approach and network comparison tests. PET scans with 18F-FDG were obtained by 70 subjects, 26 with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), 28 patients responsive to antipsychotics (nTRS), and 16 CTRL. Relative brain glucose metabolism maps were processed in the automated anatomical labeling (AAL)-Merged atlas template. Inter-subject connectivity matrices were derived using Gaussian Graphical Models and group networks were compared through permutation testing. A logistic model based on machine-learning was employed to estimate the association between the metabolic signals of brain regions and treatment resistance. To account for the potential influence of antipsychotic medication, we incorporated chlorpromazine equivalents as a covariate in the network analysis during partial correlation calculations. Additionally, the machine-learning analysis employed medication dose-stratified folds. Global reduced connectivity was detected in the nTRS (p-value = 0.008) and TRS groups (p-value = 0.001) compared to CTRL, with prominent alterations localized in the frontal lobe, Default Mode Network, and dorsal dopamine pathway. Disruptions in frontotemporal and striatal-cortical connectivity were detected in TRS but not nTRS patients. After adjusting for antipsychotic doses, alterations in the anterior cingulate, frontal and temporal gyri, hippocampus, and precuneus also emerged. The machine-learning approach demonstrated an accuracy ranging from 0.72 to 0.8 in detecting the TRS condition.
A safe insect-based chikungunya fever vaccine affords rapid and durable protection in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Adam Awadalkareem , Woolsey Courtney , Lu Hannah , Plante Kenneth , Wallace Shannon M. , Rodriguez Leslie , Shinde Divya P. , Cui Yingjun , Franz Alexander W. E. , Thangamani Saravanan , Comer Jason E. , Weaver Scott C. , Wang Tian
Published: December 2024

Eilat (EILV)/chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an insect-based chimeric alphavirus was previously reported to protect mice months after a single dose vaccination. The underlying mechanisms of host protection are not clearly defined. Here, we assessed the capacity of EILV/CHIKV to induce quick and durable protection in cynomolgus macaques. Both EILV/CHIKV and the live attenuated CHIKV 181/25 vaccine protected macaques from wild-type (WT) CHIKV infection 1 year after a single dose vaccination. Transcriptome and functional analyses reveal that EILV/CHIKV triggered T cell, memory B cell and antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner. EILV/CHIKV induced more robust, durable, and broader repertoire of CHIKV-specific T cell responses than CHIKV 181/25; whereas the latter group induced more durable memory B cells and comparable or higher CHIKV -specific neutralization and binding antibodies. EILV/CHIKV and an inactivated WT CHIKV protected macaques from WT CHIKV infection and CHIK fever (CHIKF) within 6 days post vaccination. Transcriptome analysis showed that the chimeric virus induced multiple innate immune pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling, antigen presenting cell activation, and NK receptor signaling. EILV/CHIKV triggered quicker and more robust type I interferon and NK cell responses than the inactivated WT virus vaccine. Lastly, we developed a guinea pig sensitization model and demonstrated that the chimeric virus produced in insect cells, did not cause skin hypersensitivity reactions. Overall, EILV/CHIKV is safe, and confers rapid and long-lasting protection in cynomolgus macaques via preferential induction of robust innate immune signaling and superior T cell immunity.
Chilling- and dark-regulated photoprotection in Miscanthus, an economically important C4 grass
Authors: Haupt Jared , Glowacka Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

Tolerance of chilling dictates the geographical distribution, establishment, and productivity of C4 crops. Chilling reduces enzyme rate, limiting the sink for the absorbed light energy leading to the need for quick energy dissipation via non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Here, we characterize NPQ upon chilling in three Miscanthus accessions representing diverse chilling tolerance in C4 grasses. High chilling tolerant accessions accumulate substantial amounts of zeaxanthin during chilling nights in both field and growth chamber settings. Chilling-induced zeaxanthin accumulation in the dark enhances rate of NPQ induction by 66% in the following morning. Based on our data, the emerging ways for the unique regulation of NPQ include post-translational regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), VDE cofactor accessibility, and absence of transcriptional upregulation of zeaxanthin conversion back to violaxanthin. In the future, more studies will be required to obtain further evidence for these ways contributions to the chilling-dark regulation of NPQ. Engineering dark accumulation of zeaxanthin will help improve crop chilling tolerance and promote sustainable production by allowing early spring planting to maximize the use of early-season soil moisture. Driving the engineered trait by chilling inducible promoter would ensure the minimization of a trade-off between photoprotection and photosynthesis efficiency.
Response strategies to acute and chronic environmental stress in the arctic breeding Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)
Authors: Wu Zhou , Hindle Matthew M. , Bishop Valerie R. , Reid Angus M. A. , Miedzinska Katarzyna , Pérez Jonathan H. , Krause Jesse S. , Wingfield John C. , Meddle Simone L. , Smith Jacqueline
Published: December 2024

The potentially devastating effects of climate change have raised awareness of the need to understand how the biology of wild animals is influenced by extreme-weather events. We investigate how a wild arctic-breeding bird, the Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus), responds to different environmental perturbations and its coping strategies. We explore the transcriptomic response to environmental adversity during the transition from arrival at the breeding grounds to incubation on the Arctic tundra. The effects of an extremely cold spring on arrival and a severe storm during incubation are examined through RNA-seq analysis of pertinent tissues sampled across the breeding cycle. The stress response, circadian rhythms, reproduction, and metabolism are all affected. A key gene of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, FKBP5, was significantly up-regulated in hypothalamus. The genome assembly and gene expression profiles provide comprehensive resources for future studies. Our findings on different coping strategies to chronic and acute stressors will contribute to understanding the interplay between changing environments and genomic regulation.
Taxonomic variability and functional stability across Oregon coastal subsurface microbiomes
Authors: Soufi Hengameh H. , Porch Robert , Korchagina Masha V. , Abrams Joseph A. , Schnider Jared S. , Carr Ben D. , Williams Mark A. , Louca Stilianos
Published: December 2024

The factors shaping microbial communities in marine subsurface sediments remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the microbiome of subsurface sediments within a depth range of 1.6–1.9 m, at 10 locations along the Oregon coast. We used metagenomics to reconstruct the functional structure and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to estimate the taxonomic composition of microbial communities, accompanied by physicochemical measurements. Functional community structure, in terms of the proportions of various gene groups, was remarkably stable across samples, despite the latter covering a region spanning over 300 km. In contrast, taxonomic composition was highly variable, especially at the level of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Mantel correlation tests between compositional dissimilarities and geographic distances revealed only a moderate influence of distance on composition. Regression models predicting taxonomic dissimilarities and considering up to 20 physicochemical variables as predictors, almost always failed to select a significant predictor, suggesting that variation in local conditions does not explain the high taxonomic variability. Permutation null models of community assembly revealed that taxa tend to strongly segregate, i.e., exclude each other. We conclude that biological interactions are important drivers of taxonomic variation in subsurface sediments, and that this variation can decouple from functional structure.
Odor prediction of whiskies based on their molecular composition
Authors: Singh Satnam , Schicker Doris , Haug Helen , Sauerwald Tilman , Grasskamp Andreas T.
Published: December 2024

Aroma compositions are usually complex mixtures of odor-active compounds exhibiting diverse molecular structures. Due to chemical interactions of these compounds in the olfactory system, assessing or even predicting the olfactory quality of such mixtures is a difficult task, not only for statistical models, but even for trained assessors. Here, we combine fast automated analytical assessment tools with human sensory data of 11 experienced panelists and machine learning algorithms. Using 16 previously analyzed whisky samples (American or Scotch origin), we apply the linear classifier OWSum to distinguish the samples based on their detected molecules and to gain insights into the key molecular structure characteristics and odor descriptors for sample type. Moreover, we use OWSum and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to classify the five most relevant odor attributes of each sample and predict their sensory scores with promising accuracies (up to F1: 0.71, MCC: 0.68, ROCAUC: 0.78). The predictions outperform the inter-panelist agreement and thus demonstrate previously impossible data-driven sensory assessment in mixtures.
Long term porosity of solid electrolyte interphase on model silicon anodes with liquid battery electrolytes
Authors: Grill Jonas , Popovic-Neuber Jelena
Published: December 2024

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of great importance for battery electrodes in terms of cycling as well as for its shelf life. While SEI formation on silicon anodes is generally only studied after the first charge and discharge of cells and initial reaction of electrolyte, we show the formation of a liquid/solid SEI in symmetric cells with silicon electrodes in contact with carbonate and glyme-based electrolytes under close to open circuit conditions and its behavior during long-term ageing. Activation energies of SEIs were measured via temperature-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the contribution of liquid/solid phases to ion transport. The effect of different solvents, salts, their concentrations, and final water content of the glyme-electrolyte on the SEI was studied in detail. SEIs formed in cells with glyme-based electrolytes are generally more porous than the ones in cells with carbonate-based electrolytes. The addition of vinylene carbonate to glyme electrolyte is shown to be beneficial for its SEI, as it causes lower and more stable SEI resistances over time. A small amount of water in glyme electrolytes causes a denser SEI without much change in SEI resistance.
The role of redox and structure on grain growth in Mn-doped UO2
Authors: Murphy Gabriel L. , Bazarkina Elena , Rossberg André , Silva Clara L. , Amidani Lucia , Bukaemskiy Andrey , Thümmler Robert , Klinkenberg Martina , Henkes Maximilian , Marquardt Julien , Lessing Jessica , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Hennig Christoph , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Huittinen Nina
Published: December 2024

Mn-doped UO2 is considered a potential advanced nuclear fuel due to ameliorated microstructural grain growth compared to non-doped variants. However, recent experimental investigations have highlighted limitations in grain growth apparently arising from misunderstandings of its redox-structural chemistry. To resolve this, we use synchrotron X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy measurements supported by ab initio calculations to cross-examine the redox and structural chemistry of Mn-doped UO2 single crystal grains and ceramic specimens. Measurements reveal Mn enters the UO2 matrix divalently as $$({{{Mn}}}_{x}^{+2}{{U}}_{1-x}^{+4}){{O}_{2-x}}$$

(

M
n

x

+
2

U

1
−
x

+
4

)

O

2
−
x

with the additional formation of fluorite Mn+2O in the bulk material. Extended X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements unveil that during sintering, the isostructural relationship between fluorite UO2 and Mn+2O results in inadvertent interaction and subsequent incorporation of diffusing U species within MnO, rather than neighbouring UO2 grains, inhibiting grain growth. The investigation consequently highlights the significance of considering total redox-structural chemistry of main and minor phases in advanced ceramic material design.
Cohort trends in intrinsic capacity in England and China
Authors: Beard John R. , Hanewald Katja , Si Yafei , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Moreno-Agostino Dario
Published: December 2024

To understand how the health of older adults today compares to that of previous generations, we estimated intrinsic capacity and subdomains of cognitive, locomotor, sensory, psychological and vitality capacities in participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Applying multilevel growth curve models, we found that more recent cohorts entered older ages with higher levels of capacity, while subsequent age-related declines were somewhat compressed compared to earlier cohorts. Trends were most evident for the cognitive, locomotor and vitality capacities. Improvements were large, with the greatest gains being in the most recent cohorts. For example, a 68-year-old participant of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing born in 1950 had higher capacity than a 62-year-old born 10 years earlier. Trends were similar for men and women and were generally consistent across English and Chinese cohorts. Possible causes include broad societal influences and improvements in medical care.
Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in human placentas derived from assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Auvinen Pauliina , Vehviläinen Jussi , Rämö Karita , Laukkanen Ida , Marjonen-Lindblad Heidi , Wallén Essi , Söderström-Anttila Viveca , Kahila Hanna , Hydén-Granskog Christel , Tuuri Timo , Tiitinen Aila , Kaminen-Ahola Nina
Published: December 2024

Background

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been associated with increased risks for growth disturbance, disrupted imprinting as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms and whether they are a result of the ART procedures or the underlying subfertility are unknown.

Methods

We performed genome-wide DNA methylation (EPIC Illumina microarrays) and gene expression (mRNA sequencing) analyses for a total of 80 ART and 77 control placentas. The separate analyses for placentas from different ART procedures and sexes were performed. To separate the effects of ART procedures and subfertility, 11 placentas from natural conception of subfertile couples and 12 from intrauterine insemination treatments were included.

Results

Here we show that ART-associated changes in the placenta enriche in the pathways of hormonal regulation, insulin secretion, neuronal development, and vascularization. Observed decreased number of stromal cells as well as downregulated TRIM28 and NOTCH3 expressions in ART placentas indicate impaired angiogenesis and growth. DNA methylation changes in the imprinted regions and downregulation of TRIM28 suggest defective stabilization of the imprinting. Furthermore, downregulated expression of imprinted endocrine signaling molecule DLK1 associates with both ART and subfertility.

Conclusions

Decreased expressions of TRIM28, NOTCH3, and DLK1 bring forth potential mechanisms for several phenotypic features associated with ART. Our results support previous procedure specific findings: the changes associated with growth and metabolism link more prominently to the fresh embryo transfer with smaller placentas and newborns, than to the frozen embryo transfer with larger placentas and newborns. Furthermore, since the observed changes associate also with subfertility, they offer a precious insight to the molecular background of infertility.
Weight illusions explained by efficient coding based on correlated natural statistics
Authors: Bays Paul M.
Published: December 2024

In our everyday experience, the sizes and weights of objects we encounter are strongly correlated. When objects are lifted, visual information about size can be combined with haptic feedback about weight, and a naive application of Bayes’ rule predicts that the perceived weight of larger objects should be exaggerated and smaller objects underestimated. Instead, it is the smaller of two objects of equal weight that is perceived as heavier, a phenomenon termed the Size-Weight Illusion (SWI). Here we provide a normative explanation of the SWI based on principles of efficient coding, which dictate that stimulus properties should be encoded with a fidelity that depends on how frequently those properties are encountered in the environment. We show that the precision with which human observers estimate object weight varies as a function of both mass and volume in a manner consistent with the estimated joint distribution of those properties among everyday objects. We further show that participants’ seemingly “anti-Bayesian” biases (the SWI) are quantitatively predicted by Bayesian estimation when taking into account the gradient of discriminability induced by efficient encoding. The related Material-Weight Illusion (MWI) can also be accounted for on these principles, with surface material providing a visual cue that changes expectations about object density. The efficient coding model is further compatible with a wide range of previous observations, including the adaptability of weight illusions and properties of “non-illusory” objects. The framework is general and predicts perceptual biases and variability in any sensory properties that are correlated in the natural environment.
A handheld biofluorometric system for acetone detection in exhaled breath condensates
Authors: Zhang Geng , Ichikawa Kenta , Iitani Kenta , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Mitsubayashi Kohji
Published: December 2024

We developed a portable enzyme-based bioluminescent sensor to detect acetone in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Analysis of EBC acetone levels acquired from ten volunteers after 4 hour and 16 hour fasting showed significant differences.
Optical biosensor arrays based on nanozymes for environmental monitoring and food safety detection: principles, design, and applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Jiao , Xie Ling
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a deep overview of current advancements in nanozyme-based optical biosensor arrays for environmental monitoring and food safety.
Transition metal-promoted Fe-based catalysts for photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Shuai , Wang Yuting , Chen Guangyao , Ma Wanli , Chen Yingquan , Wang Xianhua , Zeng Kuo , Yao Yonggang , Sun Hongqi , Yang Haiping , Chen Hanping
Published: December 2024

The photo-enhancement in photothermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation over Fe-based catalysts can be tailored by transition metal promoters.
Pediococcus acidilactici Y01 reduces HFD-induced obesity via altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles and modulating adipose tissue macrophage M1/M2 polarization
Authors: Wang Yujing , Xue Yu , Xu Huan , Zhu Qian , Qin Kaili , He Zhonglei , Huang Aixiang , Mu Min , Tao Xinrong
Published: December 2024

P. acidilactici Y01 has the anti-obesity effect possibly via altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles and modulating adipose tissue macrophage M1/M2 polarization.
Polyphenol oxidase cross-linking enhances whey protein-induced systemic food allergy by regulating miRNA in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Yang Ruoting , Bai Tianliang , Yang Fan , Yan Yuting , Wu Yong , Meng Xuanyi , Gao Jinyan , Hu Chunqiu , Li Xin , Chen Hongbing
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the exacerbating effects of polyphenol oxidase cross-linked whey protein on systemic food allergic reactions.
Manufacturing of nanomaterial composites and flexible electronic devices with record high performance for human-technology design, human–computer interaction, biomedical sensing and soft robotics
Authors: Madhavan R.
Published: December 2024

Flexible electronic devices and technologies are developed using large-scale strategies and nanomaterial composites for human-technology design, human–computer interaction, biomedical and bioelectronics, soft robotics, sensing technologies, etc.
Synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones from 4-hydroxycoumarins and aminocrotonates under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Begum Shahnaz , Kashameni Sravani , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Atmakur Krishnaiah , Bhimapaka China Raju
Published: December 2024

A new one-pot approach was developed for the construction of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones by reacting 4-hydroxycoumarins with aminocrotonates under solvent-free conditions.
Increasing excited state lifetimes of Cu(i) coordination complexes via strategic surface binding
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , London Henry C. , Pattadar Dhruba , Worster Charlotte , Salpage Sahan R. , Jakubikova Elena , Saavedra S. Scott , Hanson Kenneth
Published: December 2024

Molecules undergo a structural change to minimize the energy of excited states generated via external stimuli such as light.
The corrosion resistance of white ultra-high performance concrete under the coupling environment of acid rain and carbonization
Authors: Hu Huiying , Ma Rui , Tian Ziyang , Rong Zhidan , Sun Daosheng
Published: December 2024

The coupling acid rain and carbonization significantly accelerated the corrosion at alternant condition, increased the ratio of macro and capillary pores.
An NIR-driven biosensor based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence effect and a signal amplification strategy for miRNA detection
Authors: Liu Dabin , Zhu Wenzhang , Qiu Bin , Zhang Shiqian
Published: December 2024

Herein, a fluorescent biosensor was used for the detection of miRNA-155 based on the UCNP@PDA/AuNP (UP/Au) composite and two TMSD steps. The proposed biosensor exhibited sensitive detection of miRNA-155 with a low limit of detection of 19.76 fM.
Desorption of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides from transition metal oxide nanoparticles – investigation by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Elmorsi Eman T. , Lai Edward P. C.
Published: December 2024

Desorption of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides from transition metal oxide nanoparticles – investigation by capillary electrophoresis.
Sustainable by (crystal) design: novel materials for agriculture via active ingredient cocrystallization
Authors: Ammar Mohamed , Ashraf Sherif , Gonzalez-Casamachin Diego Alexander , Baltrusaitis Jonas
Published: December 2024

Novel material design for sustainable development of agriculture is of key importance.
Cationizable transcytosis manganese nano-oxygenator for enhanced chemo-dynamic immunotherapy in deep tumour tissue
Authors: Zhong Kai , Song Wenqi , Li Zhisheng , Zhao Peng , Zhong Yanling , Hu Lei , Huang Hanwen , Mo Jianwen , Xia Xiaolin
Published: December 2024

Effective delivery of therapeutic agents for solid tumour treatment is impeded by multiple obstacles, which causes impaired penetration to deep avascular tumour tissue that exists in a hypoxic immune cold environment.
Glutaraldehyde functionalized reduced graphene oxide based resistive sensors for detection of PCA3
Authors: Konthoujam Bolivia , Bhandari Nikita , Ghagane Shridhar C. , Nerli Rajendra B. , Shukla Sudhanshu , Ghosh Ruma
Published: December 2024

Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) has emerged as a critical biomarker for the early detection of prostate cancer, complementing the traditional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
Recent advancements in chiral spintronics: from molecular-level insights to device applications. A prospect based on the interplay between physical and chemical properties of chiral systems
Authors: Mishra Suryakant , Jones Andrew C. , Fontanesi Claudio
Published: December 2024

This review discusses recent advancements in chiral-based spin-electronic devices achieved using suitable combinations of organic, inorganic and hybrid materials.