bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historia i prahistoria nieistniejącej już dziś wsi Kuców
Authors: Nierychlewska Anna , Olędzki Marek
Published: March 2023

Treść artykułu stanowi historia i prahistoria nieistniejącej już wsi Kuców, znajdującej się dawniej w gminie Kleszczów, nieopodal miasta Bełchatowa. Właśnie to sąsiedztwo z wielką kopalnią odkrywkową węgla brunatnego „Bełchatów” przyniosło jej zagładę. Rozrastający się areał kopalniany doprowadził bowiem do tego, że jeszcze przed 1991 r. trzeba było wywłaszczyć i ewakuować tamtejszych mieszkańców, a w 1993 r. wszelkie ślady materialne ich egzystencji bezpowrotnie zniknęły. Tym niemniej opisywana wieś kucowska mogła się pochwalić bogatą, sięgającą średniowiecza historią, a także wydobytą przez łopaty archeologów, nie mniej imponującą prahistorią. Wszakże miejsce to, z pewnymi, dłuższymi i krótszymi przerwami, eksploatowano rolniczo już od epoki neolitu, kontynuując tę działalność przez epokę brązu i okres rzymski. Tak też było do lat 90. XX w. Przesłanki badawcze, które o powyższym zaświadczają są niżej przez obojga autorów skrupulatnie analizowane.
Polityka fundacyjna podskarbich koronnych w XVI i XVII wieku Analiza wybranych przykładów
Authors: Gryglewski Piotr
Published: March 2023

W systemie rządów dawnej Rzeczypospolitej podskarbi koronny był jednym z najważniejszych centralnych urzędów ministerialnych. Dostojnicy piastujący tę funkcję sprawowali pieczę nad dochodami i wydatkami państwa, odpowiadając bezpośrednio przed sejmem. Niewątpliwie osiągnięcie tej godności stanowiło wyjątkową nobilitację dla przedstawicieli poszczególnych rodów dawnej Polski. W tekście, analizującym wybrane ścieżki kariery podskarbich z przełomu XVI i XVII w., zostały poruszone dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, czy i w jaki sposób objęty urząd przekładał się na politykę fundacyjną? Drugie zagadnienie dotyczy specyfiki tytułowej godności i jej potencjalnego wpływu na działania fundacyjne i umocnienie rodu. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zestawienia i porównania wybranych postaci podskarbich koronnych działających w czasach Zygmunta III i Władysława IV. W tym okresie funkcję tę sprawowali m.in. przedstawiciele Firlejów, Warszyckich, Ligezów i Daniłłowiczów. Zaproponowana metoda analizy dotyczy dwóch płaszczyzn aktywności dostojników. Z jednej strony przybliża ich ścieżki kariery, z drugiej zaś zestawia je z działalnością fundacyjną, głównie na polu architektonicznym. Ważnym czynnikiem charakteryzującym ten urząd było uposażenie dostojnika dobrami królewskimi, które w niezbędny sposób zabezpieczało jego zadania finansowe. Taka sytuacja dotyczyła zasobnego Jana Firleja. W innych przypadkach uposażenie królewskie wyprzedzało awans na urząd. Wyjątkową pozycją w tym zakresie dysponowali Daniłłowicze. Pojawienie się urzędu podskarbiowskiego w dziejach rodu z jednej strony mogło być oznaką osiągniętej pozycji, w innych przypadkach dopiero przyspieszało ten awans. Materialną oznaką budowanej pozycji były fundacje architektoniczne – rezydencjonalne lub sakralne. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że każda z przeanalizowanych postaci w czytelny sposób aktywizowała swoje działania fundacyjne w okresie sprawowania urzędu. Topograficznie koncentrując swoją uwagę na dobrach rodowych, ale również starając się zachować związek z dworem i administrowanymi królewszyznami. Innym, intersującym uzupełnieniem możliwości, jakie dawał urząd podskarbiego, było prawo umieszczania na emisji monet herbu rodowego.
AFIKSĀSI FIL-KITĀB AL-MUQODDIMAH AL-HADRAMIYAH BINADHARIYYATI MUHAMMAD ALI AL-KHULLY
Authors: Fadzilah Illa , Chotimah Dien Nur
Published: March 2023

Affixation is adding morpheme to a word that may cause a change in the meaning. The presence of an affix can give new meanings to the words including those in Arabic language. Affixes consist of four divisions according to Muhammad Ali al-Hilli, prefix (initial), infix (middle), suffix (final), and confix (initial and final). The questions in this research: (1) What are the divisions of affixes in the Hadrami Introduction book? (2) How is the affixation process? This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, and the method of data collection used is reading and writing. The data analysis method used is data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show 173 words with prefixes, 20 words with infixes, 12 words with suffixes, and ​​5 words with confixes. The total data analyzed is 205 words. The process of affixation of the words in the Hadrami Introduction includes the prefix added y, m, t, a, a ot, os ot to the beginning of nominative words, and infixes ie in the middle of the nominative case. The suffixes cover y at the end of the nominative words, and for confixes are by adding the hamza, taa, meem (initial) and wat, waw(final).
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS ON THE CONCEPT OF LOVE IN NIZAR QOBBANI’S RISALAH MIN TAḤT AL-MĀ'I
Authors: Fikri Maulana Muhammad , Al Anshory Abdul Muntaqim , Ramdhani Mikail Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The language of poetry often uses distinctive languages ​​and contains many signs. This requires special studies, including semiotic studies. This study aims to analyze the Arabic poetry Risalah Min Taht Al-Ma'i by Nizar Qobbani based on Michael Riffaterre's semiotic perspective, which includes heuristics & hermeneutics, indirectness of expression, matrix, model, variant, and hypogram. This research is qualitative with the main data in the form of the arabic poetry Risalah Min Taht Al-Ma'i by Nizar Qobbani. Data collection techniques used are reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is in the form of qualitative data analysis techniques, which consist of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the arabic poetry Risalah Min Taht Al-Ma'i by Nizar Qobbani talks about love as a force that has a big influence on life, realized from various aspects of human emotions. This data is contained in heuristic and hermeneutic processes, indirect expressions that use language styles such as metaphors and personifications, divided into matrixes, models & variants, and motivated by a hypogram that is in accordance with the concept of love
FEMALE MASCULINITY IN THE NOVEL "WANASITU ANNI IMRA'AH" BY IHSAN ABDUL QUDDUS BASED ON JOHN BEYNON'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Muntahana Nuratul , Basid Abdul
Published: March 2023

Unlike other masculinity studies on man masculinity, this study studies female character masculinity in the novel Wanasitu Anni Imra'ah by Ihsan Abdul Quddus. The purposes of this study are to describe the form of masculinity in female characters and explain the emergence background of masculinity in female characters using John Beynon's Perspective. This is qualitative research. Data collection techniques used are reading technique and note-taking technique. To analyze the data, the researcher used the Miles and Huberman technique which consists of three steps; data reduction, data exposure, and verification. The results of this study are: 1) the form of masculinity includes the desire of being the chairman of the committee, the leader in the family, in command of her child, rising from failure, never feeling weak, wishing to be a man, rejecting the role of a wife, good at playing soccer, good at boxing, proficient in swordplay; 2) the emergence background of masculinity in the Suad character, such as: being active in school activities, family devotion, divorce, escape from destruction, high opinionated and ambition, strong principle, father's hope of having a son, don't want to be a helper for her husband, and unable to refrain herself, her boxer cousin.
TAGHYIRĀT AL-AUZAN AL-ARUDIYAH FI ṢYI’IR ‘ALA SAHIL AL-BAHR LANĀ GARĀBAH: DIRĀSAH TAHLILIYAH ARUDIYAH
Authors: Rosul Moh. Sahumi , Roziki Khafid
Published: March 2023

The changes of wazan in a verse is normal so that poets can choose the correct sentence and does not harm the beauty in poetry associated with wazan. Prosody is still used until today, although many modern poets do not use it to write poetry, but rather use free poets unconstrained in wazan. Abbas Mahmoud al-Akkad is a modern Egyptian poet best known for a form of classical poetry that still follows formulas in prosody. The objectives of this research are: 1) to know the bahr used in the poetry of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Akkad; 2) To know the wazan changes that occur in his poem. The researcher used the qualitative descriptive approach by taking the subject of the research, the poetry of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Akkad, entitled "On the sea coast, we have a strangeness" in Al-Akkad's Diwan. The researcher obtained the data by downloading, reading and recording, and then verifying the validity of the data through a deep understanding. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman method through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this research are; 1) that the wazan used in his poetry is the wazan of ​​speed in all the verses; 2) Umm al-Zahhaf, which is mentioned in his poetry, is the scavenger of folding and al-Khuban, and in it is the reason for the fall, endowment and slack. The researcher also found some changes in wazan that are inconsistent with slips and ills, and the researcher concluded that these are errors in modern poetry.
Müfredat Al-Ashaq Al-Soufi bein Al-Tabrizi Walromi
Authors: SHOUSH Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على بعض مفردات العشق الصوفي من خلال ما وصل إلينا من أدب صوفي لشمس الدين التبريزي وجلال الدين الرومي، وهذه المفردات هي نموذج لمفردات التصوف العامة، بل الإنسانية الراقية التي نحتاج إليها في الزمن المادي المعاصر.

وتبدأ الدراسة بالتعرف على معنى العشق في اللغة، ثم تعريف موجز بشمس الدين التبريزي وحياته ولقائه بجلال الدين الرومي وما نتج عن هذا اللقاء من أدب رفيع، والتعرف على جلال الدين الرومي والمولوية وأثر شمس الدين التبريزي فيه، ثم عرض لمضامين العشق الصوفي عرضًا، ثم عرض لمفردات العشق الصوفي التي أشرنا إليها ومثلنا لها من خلال كلمات وأبيات شعرية لشمس الدين التبريزي وجلال الدين الرومي.
İlkokulda Milli-Manevi Değerlerin Kazanımında Sosyal ve Kültürel Faaliyetlerin Etkisi
Authors: BATMAZ Onur
Published: March 2023

İlkokul öğrencilerinin milli-manevi değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanan bu çalışma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, ölçüt örnekleme tekniğiyle seçilen Yozgat il merkezinde eğitim-öğretime devam eden 206 ilkokul 3 ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamındaki veriler, Koç ve Budak (2021-b) tarafından geliştirilen “Milli Değerlerin Kazanımında Sosyal ve Kültürel Faaliyetlerin Etkisi Ölçeği” ile Koç ve Budak (2021-a) “Manevi Değerlerin Kazanımında Sosyal ve Kültürel Faaliyetlerin Etkisi Ölçeği” ile toplamıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS istatistik program kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda; ilkokul öğrencilerinin milli-manevi değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisinin “tamamen katılıyorum” düzeylerinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin milli-manevi değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisinin sınıf ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılığa neden olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Milli-manevi değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisinin faaliyet sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ilkokul öğrencilerinin milli değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisi ile manevi değerlerin kazanımında sosyal ve kültürel faaliyetlerin etkisi arasındaki ilişkinin; pozitif yönlü, yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur.
Financial Risk Management of the Russian Economy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kolchin S. P. , Glubokova N. Y. , Gordienko M. S. , Semenova Galina N. , Khalilova Milyausha K.
Published: March 2023

The research objects are the tax and budgetary policies of the Russian Federation. In this research, financial (budgetary) risks are understood as a decrease in the balance of the state (national) budget resulting from a reduction in revenues or an increase in expenditures. This research considers production in the main sectors of the economy as a key factor of financial risk in the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to analyze the main directions of the budgetary and tax policy of the Russian Federation aiming at supporting the economy and the population during the spread of COVID-19, which is especially relevant in connection with the expected recession in a number of sectors of the economy and a decrease in the level of employment and, accordingly, the well-being of citizens. In these conditions, it is necessary to adjust the budgetary and tax policy to preserve the state’s social obligations and expand social and economic support for businesses and citizens to smooth out the negative consequences of the impact of restrictive measures. The authors applied systemic and institutional approaches and statistical methods. The main results of the research reflect the need to (1) implement support measures (tax and budgetary incentives) for small and medium-sized enterprises, on which the crisis provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic has had the most destructive impact, and (2) to expand the volume of budgetary financing of social programs for financial risk management of the Russian economy during the COVID-19 pandemics.
Study on Application and Practice of Variable Axial Force Cable in Reinforcement System of Powerhouse Truss
Authors: Shen Zizhen , Hong Min , Li Xunfeng , Shen Zigang , Wang Lianbo , Wang Xueping
Published: March 2023

Long-span steel structure trusses are widely used in factory buildings, but with the growth of service time and the increase of dynamic load fatigue, a considerable part of the long-span truss with dynamic load appears serious transverse cracks at the bottom of the middle span and oblique deformation of the abdomen in the operation process. The U-shaped cracks at the bottom and belly, as well as the mid-span down deflection of the main truss, reduced the functional function of the factory building truss structure, and had to limit the original crane load, which affected the normal safety and durability of the structure. Therefore, the application principle of the variable axial force cable system in the long-span factory building truss structure and 3D3S software modeling [1] were used. Analyzing and studying the reinforcement method of large-span powerhouse truss can provide practical experience for subsequent similar projects. In view of the above phenomenon, the large-span powerhouse trusses of Hongcheng Powerhouse 1 and No.2 located in Tonglu, Zhejiang Province are used as the research object, and the variable axial force cable method is proposed to strengthen and lift the load. Considering the span of large-span powerhouse truss, the cable system with 22m controlling force of 400kN is proposed to be selected for powerhouse 1, and the cable system with variable axial force of 24m is proposed to be selected for Powerhouse 2. The force model of large-span truss is established by using the finite element method commonly used to analyze the force of truss. Under two working conditions, The influence of reinforcement effect is analyzed and compared from three aspects: stiffness, bearing capacity and stability. And the phenomenon of uneven stress distribution is analyzed. The stress distribution characteristics of each node are understood by simulating the most disadvantageous node plates with the greatest internal force before and after reinforcement.
Automated Document Orientation Correction Using Skew and Inversion Rectification With Hough Line Transformation and Machine Learning
Authors: shafi sadaf , Atif Amara , Shafi Huzaib
Published: March 2023

Document deskewing is a fundamental problem in document image processing. While existing methods have limitations, such as Hough Line Transformation that can deskew images upside down, and Deep Learning models that require huge amounts of human labour and computational resources and still fail to deskew while taking care of orientation, OCR-based methods also struggle to read text when it is tilted. In this paper, we propose a novel, simple, cost-effective deep learning method for fixing the skew and orientation of documents. Our approach reduces the search space for the machine learning model to predict whether an image is upside down or not, avoiding the huge search space of predicting an angle between 0 and 360. We finetuned a MobileNetV2 model, which was pre-trained on imagenet, using only 200 images and achieve good results. This method is useful for automation-based tasks, such as data extraction using OCR technology, and can greatly reduce manual labour.
A Comparative Study of the Photostabilization of Polyvinyl Chloride with Nano and Micro Nickel Oxide
Authors: Jasim B. E. , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Aboud N. A.A.
Published: March 2023

NiO nanoparticle synthesis by chemical method and characterized by XRD with crystal size 11.72 nm and grain size 13 nm from FESEM image also NiO micro used ,two NiO as an additive to evaluate the possibility of producing photodegradable polymers, the practical application of solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC- NiO composite films) was investigated. PVC has a negative impact on the environment since its polymer degrades slowly, yet it has a wide range of industrial applications and the amount used shows no evidence of diminishing use. Thus, a synthesis of modified PVC- NiO micro and nano has been studied with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 (hours) as irradiation time and a number of spectroscopic analyses such as FTIR and UV-VIS. Additionally, the effects of adding nanostructures to PVC chains on optical stability testing procedures were examined through indices (ICO, IPO, and IOH), weight loss measurements, UV and viscosity.
Effect of Green-biosynthesis Aluminum Nanoparticles (Al NPs) on Salmonella enterica Isolated from Baghdad City
Authors: AlShaheeb Zahraa A. , Thabit Zaid A. , Oraibi Asma G.
Published: March 2023

This study is aimed to Green-synthesize and characterize Al NPs from Clove (Syzygium aromaticumL.) buds plant extract and to investigate their effect on isolated and characterized Salmonella enterica growth. S. aromaticum buds aqueous extract was prepared from local market clove, then mixed with Aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3. 9 H2O, 99.9% in ¼ ratio for green-synthesizing of Al NPs. Color change was a primary confirmation of Al NPs biosynthesis. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were identified and characterized by AFM, SEM, EDX and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. AFM data recorded 122nm particles size and the surface roughness RMs) of the pure S. aromaticum buds aqueous extract recorded 17.5nm particles size, while the results of Al NPs in the tested sample recorded 21nm particles size with surface roughness RMs about 2.35nm. SEM images revealed the presence of Al NPs with diameters ranged from 33.5-70.4nm with regular spiracles shape particles in the prepared biosynthesized nanoparticle sample. The EDX spectrum analysis showed that the Aluminium weight ratio was 1.75, while it was 50.498 in the Al NPs sample prepared from aqueous extract. UV-Visible spectroscopy data revealed that biosynthesized Al NPs were absorbed at 213nm while Aluminum nitrate was absorbed at 258nm. These results indicate the formation of Al NPs. The antibacterial activity showed that Al NPs exhibited having high antibacterial activity on Salmonella spp. isolates compared to the effect of the control agent (imipenem) in this experiment. We conclude that biosynthesized Al NPs from clove aqueous extract can be exploited as natural antibacterial compounds to inhibit the growth of Salmonella.
New Records of Non-Diatom Algae in Aquatic Habitat along Greater Zab River Path from Bekhma to Gwer District in Erbil Province, Iraq
Authors: Shareef Chiyai M. , Aziz Farhad H.
Published: March 2023

A study of non-diatom algal species composition in twelve sites from Greater Zab River path within Erbil Province, was carried out from April 2021 to January 2022 with monthly sample collection in twelve studied sites. Among them site 4,5,6,7 and 9 are the first for algal study in this area. The 112 different species of algae belong to 33 genera, 25 families, 13 orders and 4 divisions have been identified. The predominant genera included Spirogyra and Cosmarium 17, 8 taxa respectively. 13 taxa were new recorded to Iraqi Kurdistan algal flora and 9 of them were new recorded to Iraqi algal flora: Botryosphaerella sudetica, Muriella magna, Gloeotaenium loitlesbergianum, Apiocystis brauniana, Anabaena oscillarioides, C. distentum, C. tutum, C. contractum var. minutum, kirchneriella irregularis, Oedogonium suecicum f. australe, Coelastrum indicum, Oocystis lacustris, and Pediastrum braunii. Also, there were three new genera for Iraqi algal flora which including: Botryosphaerella, Muriella and Apiocystis. A brief description as well as the measurement is given for each species. Water temperatures ranged from 17.3 to 20.08 ºC, hydrogen ion concentration and electrical conductivity value ranged from 7.44 to 7.88 and 433.20 to 721.56 μS.cm-1 for all studied sites respectively. The aim of this study is to identify algal taxa in studied sites.
Importance of Real-Time Data to Improve Operational Efficiency for Unconventional Drilling in Argentina
Authors: Fernandes Rui , Orellana Natera Manuel Adrian , Barros Carolina S M , Nogueira Alisson , Tjitrosoemarto Dismas Bismo , Skjævesland Stian , Zainoune Sanna
Published: March 2023

YPF is the most active drilling operator in Argentina, and in the last few years, its drilling and workover activities have been growing significantly. In 2018, as part of the digitalisation journey of the company, a Monitoring and Control Centre was established with a long-term vision to standardise and change the way unconventional wells are drilled in Argentina.

This paper describes an initiative to build infrastructure that manages real-time data across multiple unconventional assets, by using a real-time monitoring platform which follows the WITSML 1.4.1.1 industry standard. This project was divided into three strategic stages: implementation of a tool to acquire real-time data through WITSML, implementation of the tool and new workflows to improve data quality, by working closer with data providers, and improvements in drilling performance with the help of real-time data. Implementing the above strategies improved operational efficiencies and provided lessons learnt for each stage of implementation.
Regional Evaluation of the Natural Radionuclides Behavior at the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (Colombia)
Authors: Echavez Reinel Andres , Villamil Hernan Dario , Cardenas Jose Carlos , Perez Edgar Ricardo
Published: March 2023

The development of unconventional reservoir explorations at the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) from Colombia has allowed to determine the natural radionuclides concentration and doses and its interaction with all matrices related with the hydraulic fracturing technic, associated with the local conditions (weather, industrial processes around, and soil). The main objective of this project is to evaluate the behavior of natural radionuclides in the unconventional reservoir environment at MMVB considering all conditions around, comparing the results with other cases related, generating a start point to the radioactive characterization of the area. The study area selected for this project was Kalé, the first research project for hydraulic fracturing in Colombia, locating in Puerto Wilches – Santander at the MMVB, a region recognized for the palm crops. In this case, were selected 81 sampling points for doses (natural background) around Kalé's area using portable detectors and 44 sampling points for activity concentrations using ICP-MS and gamma spectrometry, measuring natural radionuclides such as: U-238, Th-232, Ra-226, Ra-228, K-40 and Pb-210. The results obtained were compared with other cases related around the world in unconventional reservoirs from USA, Argentina and China, and additionally in relation to palm crops. The results of effective doses obtained in the Kalé's area were in a range from 0.07 to 0.39 mSv/y, well below the limit value established by the International Commission for Radioactive Protection (ICRP) of 1 mSv/y, demonstrating a very low risk of radioactive affection. On the other hand, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were variables according to radioisotope; for natural decay of U-238 from 18 to 80 Bq/kg, in secular equilibrium with Ra-226; for Th-232 from 22 to 103 Bq/kg, in secular equilibrium with Ra-228, whereas that K-40 showed a range from 162 to 611 Bq/kg and Pb-210 from 37 to 140 Bq/kg. The comparison with other cases around the world demonstrated that Kalé's area is very influenced for the weather, industrial processes around and specially for palm crops, in this way, the behavior of natural radionuclides at MMVB may be closely related not only to the geological conditions, but also with external processes in the area. The results of this project representing an important data to strengthen the baseline of necessary information need to the evaluation of radiometric risks in extractive processes in oil & gas in Colombia, to avoid health and environmental affections.
Design and Drilling Performance of Two Exploratory Wells in Argentinean Parva Negra Oeste Shale Gas Field from the Vaca Muerta Formation. Experiences and Lessons Learnt.
Authors: Matesanz Martin , Bodini Santiago Alejandro , Quintero Ramirez Jesus , Diz Raul , Forni Luis Pablo , Fumagalli Nicolas Alberto
Published: March 2023

Parva Negra Oeste field is located 90 km north-west far from Añelo City in Neuquén Province, Argentina. It is considered an unconventional dry gas field targeting Vaca Muerta Formation in exploration phase. It is located on the east flank of Dorso de los Chihuidos with presence of over-pressure and faulting. Several wells were drilled in the area in order to test production and acquire information, which showed a complex drilling scenario and an abandonment rate of 40%.

In order to define well architecture, nearby well's events were studied in a radius of 15 km, detecting gas kicks and mud losses at different depths and formations. With this information shoe depth, operative mud window and contingency casing were defined with focus in well integrity and operational hazard control. These problematic events were integrated with the seismic data and zones of structural quietness were selected in order to reduce the probability of occurrence.

Both wells were successfully drilled. Although gas kicks were detected, at similar depths to nearby wells and at new zones or formations, with the use of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and appropriate mechanical design, these events overcome successfully in a short period of time. Depth Interval from 1000 to 2000 mts (Agrio and Huitrin Formations) had a higher hardness than expected and abundant carbonates, decreasing rop for this interval of the first well. For second well, with the rock hardness log of the first well, the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and drilling parameters were modified, with better results. A contingency liner was considered in order to isolate Quintuco Formation from Vaca Muerta Formation, but it was not needed. In both cases, all logging information were effectively acquired and 90 mts of core were extracted in the second well, with a recovery factor of 100%.

This paper provides experiences and techniques to successfully drill in a zone where information is scarce and neighbor wells were abandoned in a high rate.
Enhancing Stimulation Efficiency in a Highly Fractured Open-Hole Carbonate Reservoir Section by Diversion Design Using Advanced Modelling Techniques
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Velazquez Diana L. , Ramirez Carmen J. , Fragachan Francisco E. , Briceno Juan
Published: March 2023

Stimulation fluids injected into a reservoir take the path of least resistance, leaving behind under-stimulated areas. As a result, the stimulation efficiency and effectiveness are reduced, affecting the overall production potential. The placement efficiency of a stimulation treatment depends on maximizing fluids contact in the zone of interest (good penetration) and uniform distribution across the section. To achieve uniform distribution, existing higher permeability areas or natural fractures must be efficiently and temporarily blocked, diverting the treatment towards the section with low permeability and higher skin. This process is known as diversion.

In this paper, we utilize an analytical model based on computational fluid dynamics and discrete element modeling to simulate treatment placement efficiency and diversion effectiveness in high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) carbonate formations, from a long open hole highly fractured reservoir interval in a well in South America. The case study demonstrates that parameters playing a key role were flow rate, spacers between diverting pills, type of diversion fluid carrier, rheology of carrier fluid, number of diversion stages, and displacement rate. The modeling calibrated against an actual field case demonstrates the space for improvement that can be customized depending upon the type of application.

The results indicate that without using diversion, the lower part of the openhole section is left under-stimulated in comparison to the top section as the top section had the presence of natural fractures. When diversion was utilized to optimize the design, the stimulation efficiency in the lower section improved considerably and ultimately had a high impact on the production of the well. This paper uses an actual case study to demonstrate the value created and overall production enhancement despite the excellent results achieved. It also summarizes the engineering workflow to optimize diversion design in carbonates HPHT openhole formations.

We believe that an engineering approach is critical in the design of a successful stimulation in an open hole with considerable presence of natural fractures in some parts of the section of interest. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of advanced modeling in evenly distributing the stimulation fluid and thereby increasing its effectiveness enhancing the production across the target zone. A case study from a field job in South America will be presented based on job evaluation and actual well production performance. Actual well intervention and treatment design are discussed. The lessons learned from this case study can be applied for stimulation design and planning for future jobs in the area.
Laboratory and Digital Petrophysical Multiscale Analysis of Porosity Types in Vaca Muerta Formation in El Mangrullo Field
Authors: Naides Claudio Hugo , Marchal Denis Andre
Published: March 2023

Unconventional shales reservoirs are complex in terms of composition, variable scales of analysis (from centimeter to nanometer) and petrophysical properties. To characterize these reservoirs, detailed analyses are required, including studies of rock samples in a wide range of scales.

Extracted from a shale gas well (El Mangrullo Field, southwest of Neuquén Basin), the studied core involves a 123 m thick section within the lower enriched section (informally subdivided into Cocina, Parrilla, Orgánico Inferior y Orgánico Superior intervals) of Vaca Muerta Formation.

This study consists in processing, interpreting, and integrating all the information from routine petrophysical laboratory studies (Tight Rock Analysis - TRA), well logs and high-resolution rock analysis (Digital Rock Analysis - DRA) using a customized and tailored workflow that provides quantitative and qualitative results.

Permeability, total and effective porosity, organic porosity, and their distribution and another petrophysical properties (like pore size distribution, etc.) are characterized. The integration of the laboratory and DRA results allows the elaboration of a permoporous properties model. This model allowed us to integrate petrophysical model with the production of horizontal wells drilled in different sections of Vaca Muerta Formation.
Geomechanical Characterization of the Parva Negra Oeste Block (Neuquina Basin)
Authors: Paris Martin , Nawratil Alejandro , Quintero Jesus
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is the geomechanical characterization of the VacaMuerta formation, in the Parva Negra Oeste block. Therefore, the existing information was analyzed and two pilot wells were drilled, whose data serves as the basis for characterizing the geomechanics of the area.

Overpressure has been detected as the main risk during drilling, not only in the Vaca Muerta formation but also in overlying formations. For this reason, two pilot wells were drilled using the MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) system to keep the well under control. While drilling, this system allows Build Up Tests and LOT to be performed dynamically to adjust the operating mud window and provide data for future wells. At the same time, a core of the formation and a complete set of borehole logs were obtained, which includes crossed dipole acoustics, NMR and borehole image logs.

The pore pressure model is calibrated based on the Build UpTests performed while drilling. On the core a scatch test was carried out, which is used to calibrate themechanical strength of the rock, with high vertical resolution. Additionally, the borehole image logs turn out to be essential to evaluate the continuity of the carbonate layers, which are usually seen byconventional logs as barriers to the propagation of hydraulic fractures, being in some cases true tabular layers and other cases concretions. In the latter case, they will not constitute barriers to the propagation of hydraulic fractures. All this allowed to generate an adjusted VTI geomechanical model.

The MPD turns out to be useful for geomechanics, not only achieving quality LOT, but also multiple build up tests, which were used to calibrate the operating window (pore and fracture pressure). The geometry of the calcareous layers can be characterized by the borehole image logs, allowing to distinguish between tabular layers, which have lateral continuity, from calcareus concretions with lenticular geometry, which will not significantly limit the growth of hydraulicfractures. This feature cannot be discriminated with conventional logs.
Development and Application of Layer Intensity Index Based on Image Logs in Lacustrine Shale Oil Formation-A Case Study from Sichuan Basin
Authors: Hao Jing , Luo Xin , Yu Dai Guo , Liao Shu Hong , Hou Ke Jun , Wang Yue , Zhao Xian Ran , Liu Bo , Zhao Meng , Wu Jin Long , Mo Jing
Published: March 2023

Lacustrine shale oil is the hottest recent topic in the main basins of China. To better understand the reservoir controlling factors, operators acquire borehole images, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and geochemical logs, which help them identify the sweet spots in shale oil formations. These reveal that that the layering textures have a close relation to key reservoir parameters, such as porosity, and total organic carbon (TOC), etc.

The objective of this study is to develop and apply a "layer intensity index" method to the lacustrine shale oil formations of Sichuan Basin. To do this, we developed a quantitative estimation workflow based on borehole image processing, and obtained a "layer intensity index" after image flattening, binary processing, and horizontal edge detection on resistivity image logs. With calibrations of core data, the layer intensity index can reflect the degree of layer development in the shale oil formation. Based on this parameter, the shale oil formation could be classified into three categories based on this parameter: highly layered zone, medium layered zone, and massive zone.

In this study, the typical shale oil zones are identified based on the integration of the layer intensity index and other key petrophysical parameters. A good shale oil zone has relatively high layer intensity, TOC, porosity, and clay content. In this study we found that the layer intensity index is well-correlated with the effective porosity (PHIE) and TOC. Finally, the high TOC, high effective porosity, and highly layered pay zone is recognized as sweet spots of the shale oil reservoir. The evaluation result was then provided to the operator for horizontal well drilling design.

The layer intensity index was obtained using an innovative process workflow in the lacustrine shale oil formation of the Sichuan Basin. This quantitative layer intensity analysis has enriched the application of resistivity image logs and could be widely used in other similar shale oil reservoirs.
Sustained Anulus Pressure in NoC Wells. Prevention and Remediation Using Polymeric Isolating Materials
Authors: Rivelli Lavallen Sofia , García Eiler Luciana Martina , Mucci Marcela Zaira , Arribillaga Jofre Lucas Martin , Gimutky José , Morris Walter
Published: March 2023

Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) is a common issue that affects shale plays wells worldwide. The cement sheath barrier deteriorates due to extremely high hoop stresses generated in the cement annulus during fracture treatments. These stresses are approximately one order of magnitude higher than the cement maximum tensile stress.

Once cement sheath fails, gas or oil migrates from high-pressured subsurface formations through vertical cracks along the annulus. Pressure at the wellhead can reach values above the installation maximum rate which persistently rebuilds after bleed-down operations.

The presence of SAP means that well integrity has been compromised generating serious safety and environmental risks for operators.

After conducting several finite element simulation studies, that demonstrated the failure hypothesis, a research project was conducted to design an isolating material that would withstand service conditions generated during well termination and its overall life cycle. A polymeric sealing ma terial with high deformation capacity, consequently low Young's modulus, high toughness and bonding properties was developed.

The material was tested following API recommended practices and ASTM standards. A procedure to prevent SAP in new wells was proposed. Five well of different Vaca Muerta shale fields were isolated combining a cement slurry batch with a polymeric formulation pumped in tandem. Also, a repair procedure for wells showing SAP was proposed and successfully tested using a similar polymeric system. This procedure consisted of injecting a 14,8 ppg formulation in the annulus in a pump and relief (P&R) manner.

The pilot test is currently under evaluation. Wells isolated with the polymeric formulation have not presented SAP after more than eight months, nor have the two remediation operations conducted so far. Annular pressure of new and repaired wells is being monitored to determine treatment effectiveness.
Fracture Design Optimization Utilizing 3D Simulation Models & Sensitivity Analysis for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Shoostari Esan , Watson Marshall C. , Gorell Sheldon Burt , Kocoglu Yildirim , Taqi Ali Yousef , Zhang Hao
Published: March 2023

Hydraulic fracturing is the gateway for achieving new levels of unconventional resource production. However, hydraulic fracturing requires careful planning and optimized design for it to be profitable. There are multiple parameters that affect the performance of a hydraulic fracture design. One of the most important parameters that effect the performance of hydraulic fracturing is the fracture cluster spacing (FCS). FCS design is a complicated task especially for a new area due to the complexity of rock mechanics involved in unconventional reservoirs. We developed a novel sensitivity analysis approach to optimize the FCS using a 2D and 3D hydraulic fracturing models built with field data acquired from a well producing in the Eagle Ford. Our optimization criteria include fracture conductivity, fracture cluster length, fracture cluster width, proppant coverage, and fluid loss. The main optimization constraint during the fracture design was to avoid stress shadowing effects and screenout issues. This approach consists of two phases. Phase 1: Investigation of optimum clusters per stage number. Phase 2: Creation of the optimum fracture design. First step in our methodology is generating the simulation model by importing the log data to distinguish potential pay zone(s) and calculate the stress profile of these zone(s). Second step is to build a permanent 2D simulation model by selecting a perforation design, optimum proppant size, proppant type, pumping rate, and fluid type to finally attain an injection schedule for the 3D model. The final step is to optimize the 3D model’s performance by selecting the ideal FCS per stage. Our results show that the optimum cluster design is 3 fractures per stage with 200 feet spacing between fracture clusters (FCS). We observed that most cases outside the optimum design will cause stress shadowing which needs to be avoided for the sake of fracture efficiency and well productivity. Although, this FCS design is for a specific area, our comprehensive sensitivity analysis approach will be a guide to many operators to design fracture jobs more efficiently in the future because stress shadowing can happen for any area in the world. Our optimization study also revealed that we can get an efficient hydraulic fracture design with low number of clusters which will have a positive impact on the environment due to water preservation. It will also reduce the cost of the operation and the time it takes to complete the fracture job.
Vaca Muerta Corrosiveness and Its Impact in Production Strategy
Authors: Gawantka da Silva Lelio Alberto , Toro Padilla Roberto , Molina Mariano Sebastián , Benedetto Claudio Fabián , Olivo Pedro , Mazzina Ramiro
Published: March 2023

The complexity of the problem and the severity of corrosion found at certain fields of shale gas in Vaca Muerta made necessary to develop a program that included predictive analysis through semi-empirical corrosion-erosion models, comparison of materials through the installation of coupons in downhole wells and, finally, the execution of several pilots in the field under real operating conditions. On top of this, an exhaustive monitoring of the physical-chemical conditions of the fluids and the performance of the analyzed materials was executed.

The corrosion problem associated with the development of Vaca Muerta is extremely complex. Aggressive agents such as CO2 were observed in a wide range of quantities, accompanied by a high concentration of chlorides in the flow-back water together with high initial flows and the presence of a high concentration of sand of fracture (proppant) in the early stage of the well. The combination of these agents presupposes a risky scenario for some tubular materials.

Therefore, to limit the probability of failure and ensure the integrity of the installations during the production life, a coupon evaluation program was carried out in the field with alloys containing 3% and 13% Cr, accompanied by predictive analysis, loss of thickness in pipe through different models known in the industry. Finally, a pilot program has been executed at the field, monitoring the pipes with successive multi-fingers calipers to determine the impact of corrosion on the materials.

The conclusion of this entire process made it possible to establish a production strategy that minimizes the risk of failure due to corrosion and contributes to the integrity of the downhole installations during their service life, minimizing interventions and ensuring the operational continuity of the well.

All this process is going to be presented at this work, detailing the engineering process prior to propose an alternative to mitigate the problem from the joint vision of an operator in the region and a tubular manufacturer.
Fatty acid synthesis suppresses dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid use
Authors: Worthmann Anna , Ridder Julius , Piel Sharlaine , Evangelakos Ioannis , Musfeldt Melina , Voß Hannah , O'Farell Marie , Fischer Alexander , Adak Sangeeta , Sundd Monica , Siffeti Hasibullah , Haumann Friederike , Kloth Katja , Bierhals Tatjana , Heine Markus , Pertzborn Paul , Pauly Mira , Scholz Julia-Josefine , Kundu Suman , Fuh Manka , Neu Axel , Tödter Klaus , Hempel Maja , Knippschild Uwe , Semenkovich Clay , Schlüter Hartmut , Heeren Joerg , Scheja Ludger , Kubisch Christian , Schlein Christian
Published: March 2023

Metabolic diseases are closely linked to aberrant synthesis of endogenous fatty acids in the liver, called de novo lipogenesis (DNL), which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN). The composition of complex lipids consists of saturated or monosaturated fatty acids, which can be endogenously produced, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are strictly dietary. Compositional differences between individuals are insufficiently understood and may influence the onset and progression of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Here we show that DNL critically determines the use of dietary PUFA. A patient with a hypofunctional heterozygous de novo Arg2177Cys variant in FASN exhibited an elevated composition of PUFA, which was phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of FASN with TVB-2640 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In mice, the incorporation rate of supplemented omega-3 PUFA during an obesogenic diet was increased by genetic or pharmacologic reduction of DNL. Mechanistically, we show that the FASN variant exhibited a cysteine-dependent, non-enzymatic acetylation of FASN, which resulted in hyperubiquitinylation and decreased protein stability. The study reveals that PUFA storage is an active, enzymatic process controlled by FASN, DGAT2 and MFSD2A and that combining FASN inhibition and PUFA supplementation exerts additive beneficial metabolic effects. These findings provide evidence that the success of PUFA supplementation may depend on the rate of endogenous DNL and that combined PUFA supplementation and FASN inhibition may be a promising approach in metabolic disease.
A New Detection Jamming Attack Model on VANET Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Obeidat Ibrahim , Mughaid Ala , Alofishat Osama
Published: March 2023

Research on Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) has been the main attractive Research effort these days, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an extension of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), where vehicles can communicate with each other in a form of the intelligent transport system (ITS). The communication between vehicles can be interfered with by Denial of Service (DoS) attacks such as jamming attacks, launching on the control channel, and causing significant network performance degradation. These attacks have an impact on the network by lowering network performance; earlier, there has been a lot of study for improving network performance by employing routing protocols. When a jammer can interpret data link layer protocols, it becomes as energy efficient as legitimate nodes. In this Research, we have built a model that examines the performance of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) under jamming attacks to provide EVA(Enhancement Voting Algorithm) based on global Trust( Direct Trust and Indirect Trust)for detecting jamming attacks. Route request (RREQ), and route reply (RPLY) packets are utilized in the route discovery phase. In the route maintenance phase, Route Error (RERR) and HELLO packets are used. These packets are also measured while assessing trust because they contribute significantly to routing activities. Although misbehaving nodes can handle those packets, their likelihood of being used is lower than that of well-behaving nodes. Three trust levels are defined based on the computed global trust value to make the best routing decision, which will be implemented in NS3 simulation. We use Bonnmotion to create and analyze mobility scenarios, which serve as a tool for investigating mobile multi-hop network scenario characteristics. The scenarios were exported for the network simulators NS3 to create a mechanism approach. The network's performance is evaluated in terms of QoS parameters and throughput (PDR), signal intensity, RSSI, carrier sensing time, energy consumption, average delay, and throughput to identify network performance under jamming attacks. It is examined that after malicious nodes which send data above the assigned value have been labeled as malicious nodes and removed from the network, the network performance significant Improvement.