bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable Fabrication of Neuromorphic Devices Using Inkjet Printing for the Deposition of Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductor
Authors: Gärisch Fabian , Schröder Vincent , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Ligorio Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have highlighted the critical need for energy‐efficient hardware solutions, especially in edge‐computing applications. However, traditional AI approaches are plagued by significant power consumption. In response, researchers have turned to biomimetic strategies, drawing inspiration from the ion‐mediated operating principle of biological synapses, to develop organic neuromorphic devices as promising alternatives. Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) materials have emerged as particularly noteworthy in this field, due to their potential for enhancing neuromorphic computing capabilities. Together with device performance, it is crucial to select devices that allow fabrication via scalable techniques. This study investigates the fabrication of OMIEC‐based neuromorphic devices using inkjet printing, providing a scalable and material‐efficient approach. Employing a commercially available polymer mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (BTEM‐PPV) and a lithium salt, inkjet‐printed devices exhibit performance comparable to those fabricated via traditional spin‐coating methods. These two‐terminal neuromorphic devices demonstrate functionality analogous to literature‐known devices and demonstrate promising frequency‐dependent short‐term plasticity. Furthermore, comparative studies with previous light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and neuromorphic OMIEC devices validate the efficacy of inkjet printing as a potential fabrication technique. The findings suggest that inkjet printing is suitable for large‐scale production, offering reproducible and stable fabrication processes. By adopting the OMIEC material system, inkjet printing holds the potential for further enhancing device performance and functionality. Overall, this study underscores the viability of inkjet printing as a scalable fabrication method for OMIEC‐based neuromorphic devices, paving the way for advancements in AI hardware.
Ru(II)‐catalyzed ortho C−H Arylation of Heterocyclic Biaryls
Authors: Pinheiro Erick M. C. , Couto Daniel P. , Oliveira Caio C.
Published: November 2024

Ru(II)‐Pheox complexes are known catalysts for carbene insertion reactions. Herein we teach them a new trick: how to perform ortho C−H arylation processes! Our operationally simple protocol tolerates structurally diverse directing groups and both aryl iodides and diaryliodonium salts as transfer groups.
Biosynthesis of (−)‐Vinigrol
Authors: Xu Run , Zou Yi
Published: November 2024

(−)‐Vinigrol is one of the most complex and challenging molecules in total synthesis; however, the parallel biosynthetic strategy employed by nature for the synthesis of this compound has not yet been identified. In this study, we identified a minimal gene cluster encoding a diterpene cyclase (VniA) and a cytochrome P450 (VniB) which enables the synthesis of (−)‐vinigrol through three steps. VniA first cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate to generate an unusual vinigrol‐type diterpene skeleton, and then VniB catalyzes the allylic C(sp3)−H iterative oxidation. Further genome mining investigation provides new fungal sources for this rare and valuable vinigrol‐type diterpene skeleton.
High‐Potential and Stable Organic Cathode for Rechargeable Batteries with Fast‐Charging and Wide‐Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Wang Haotian , Liu Gaopan , Zhou Wen , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Organic carbonyl compounds have been recognized as promising electrodes due to multiple active sites, abundant element resources and flexible structural designability, while their practical applications are still hindered by the easy solubility and low discharge potential. Herein, a novel bipolar polymer composite (TAC) was well‐designed by grafting p‐type triphenylamine units onto n‐type anthraquinone to form an extended π‐conjugated structure and in situ growing on carbon nanotubes, which was proved not only with higher discharge potential but also effectively suppress the dissolution issues. Moreover, TAC combined the advantages of different active sites and behaved a dual‐ion storage mechanism. Benefitting from the in situ polymerization process, TAC with tube‐type core–shell structure exhibited enhanced electron transport and improved utilization of active sites, resulting in high capacity (193 mAh g−1), outstanding rate performance (fast charging within 17 s), long‐term stability (a high capacity retention of 87 % after 1000 cycles) and high mass loading (10 mg cm−2). Additionally, TAC can well adapt to the temperature change, outputting a capacity of 72 mAh g−1 at −60 °C and 165 mAh g−1 at 80 °C. Such versatile polymer structure inspires the design of high performance organic materials for rechargeable batteries to satisfy high stability and wide temperature operations.
Diacylated 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 as an Alternative Template for Fluorescent Sensors of Calcium Ions
Authors: Smith Oscar G. , Anene Jennifer C. , Wheeler Simon
Published: November 2024

The performance of many known fluorescent sensors for Ca2+ is pH‐dependent. We set out to address this by preparing a novel calcium sensor based on diacylated 1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 and containing no basic centres. The sensor is sensitive to sub‐millimolar levels of Ca2+ and partially tolerant of an aqueous environment. However, it suffers from a lack of selectivity over some other divalent cations, and retained pH sensitivity in the acidic range. The relations between these properties and the sensor's structure are discussed.
Conceptual models of the sociotechnical: Introduction to special issue
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Organisciak Peter , Thomer Andrea , Weber Nicholas M.
Published: November 2024

This special issue of the “Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology” examines conceptual models as products of, and tools for, critical inquiry in Information Science (IS). The papers included in this issue present diverse perspectives on how conceptual models impact sociotechnical systems, spanning topics such as knowledge organization, representation, and information system design. Key themes include the intersection of model development with ethical considerations, the historical and future implications of conceptual modeling decisions, and the potential for conceptual models to address issues of power, representation, and justice in emerging technologies. This introduction situates the contributions within broader discussions of conceptual modeling in IS and highlights the field's unique approach to reflexive critique and sociotechnical analysis.
Developing a circular economy framework for e‐commerce packaging materials: A study on behavioural intentions of online consumers
Authors: Ram Nitin , Ahmad Parvez , Toth‐Peter Agnes , de Torres de Oliveira Rui , Acharyulu GVRK
Published: November 2024

The exponential growth of e‐commerce brings the need for sustainable business models to address the negative environmental impacts of packaging. This study used a bibliometric analysis, the theory of planned behaviour and stakeholder theory to explore the behavioural intentions of consumers in adopting a circular economy model for e‐commerce packaging materials. Surveying 362 respondents in the Indian market, our findings revealed e‐commerce users were likely to participate in a closed‐loop system, with environmental concern and attitude emerging as pivotal factors. The study's novelty lies in examining consumers' willingness to engage in circular economy practices, using an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour. We propose leveraging existing reverse logistics networks for e‐commerce packaging that incorporate circular economy principles for packaging sustainability. The study contributes to the theory by emphasising the primacy of environmental concerns over financial incentives in motivating consumer participation in the emerging economies context. We advance the prioritisation of environmental considerations by e‐commerce consumers, which necessitates a focus on education and knowledge development on the circular economy. Building upon our findings from the Indian market context, we propose key recommendations for practice and policy, which could be applicable to other emerging markets and contribute to their CE adoption.
An Integrated Nomogram Combining Deep Learning and Radiomics for Predicting Malignancy of Pulmonary Nodules Using CT‐Derived Nodules and Adipose Tissue: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Miao Shidi , Xuan Qifan , Xie Hanbing , Jiang Yuyang , Sun Mengzhuo , Huang Wenjuan , Li Jing , Qi Hongzhuo , Li Ao , Wang Qiujun , Liu Zengyao , Wang Ruitao
Published: November 2024

Background

Correctly distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules can avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. This study aimed to construct a deep learning radiomics clinical nomogram (DLRCN) for predicting malignancy of pulmonary nodules.

Methods

One thousand and ninety‐eight patients with 6–30 mm pulmonary nodules who received histopathologic diagnosis at 3 centers were included and divided into a primary cohort (PC), an internal test cohort (I‐T), and two external test cohorts (E‐T1, E‐T2). The DLRCN was built by integrating adipose tissue radiomics features, intranodular and perinodular deep learning features, and clinical characteristics for diagnosing malignancy of pulmonary nodules. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for feature selection. The performance of DLRCN was assessed with respect to its calibration curve, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, we compared it with three radiologists. The net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and subgroup analysis were also taken into account.

Results

The incorporation of adipose tissue radiomics features led to significant NRI and IDI (NRI = 1.028, p < 0.05, IDI = 0.137, p < 0.05). In the I‐T, E‐T1, and E‐T2, the AUCs of DLRCN were 0.946 (95% CI: 0.936, 0.955), 0.948 (95% CI: 0.933, 0.963) and 0.962 (95% CI: 0.945, 0.979), The calibration curve revealed good predictive accuracy between the actual probability and predicted probability (p > 0.05). DCA showed that the DLRCN was clinically useful. Under equal specificity, the sensitivity of DLRCN increased by 8.6% compared to radiologist assessments. The subgroup analysis conducted on adipose tissue radiomics features further demonstrated their supplementary value in determining the malignancy of pulmonary nodules.

Conclusion

The DLRCN demonstrated good performance in predicting the malignancy of pulmonary nodules, which was comparable to radiologist assessments. The adipose tissue radiomics features have notably enhanced the performance of DLRCN.
Walking and talking for well‐being: Exploring the effectiveness of walk and talk therapy
Authors: Prince‐Llewellyn Hannah , McCarthy Paul
Published: November 2024

Despite the rising trend of integrating nature and movement into talking therapy, the extent of empirical support remains limited. This study explored the effects of a walk and talk intervention on adult mood and well‐being using a multiple baseline design with pre, post and follow‐up assessments. Five adults (3 males and 2 females) from a technology company took part in a walk and talk intervention lasting approximately 6–8 sessions. They completed self‐report measures at baseline, post‐intervention and follow‐up, with semi‐structured interviews conducted at follow‐up. Results showed a reduction in psychological distress and an increase in well‐being for all participants from baseline to follow‐up. Qualitative data from a thematic analysis supported these findings: participants found the natural, calming effect of the outdoors, combined with the movement of walking, facilitated a sense of freedom to express themselves and, in doing so, maximise the benefits of the therapeutic space. These included gaining a broader perspective, heightened self‐awareness and greater acceptance of oneself, others and life's challenges. This study offers real‐world evidence supporting walk and talk therapy as an effective intervention for adult well‐being and mood.
Alkaloids Isolated from Vepris glandulosa with Antidiabetic Properties: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Ojuka Prince , Ochieng Charles O. , Ndarawit Wilberforce , Nyongesa Daniel W. , Mukavi Justus , Nyabuga Nyariki James , Apollo Seth , Santos Cleydson B. R. , Kimani Njogu M.
Published: November 2024

Diabetes is a major global health issue and as current treatments fail, the search for new antidiabetic drugs is crucial. This investigation, focusing on identifying potential antidiabetic compounds from the endangered plant species Vepris glandulosa, led to the isolation of two known alkaloids, choisyine acetate (1) and choisyine (2). The study established the in vitro inhibitory activities and in silico molecular interaction of the two alkaloids with α‐amylase based on IC50 values, Linewaever‐Burk/Dixon plot kinetic analyses and Molecular docking, respectively. The α‐amylase inhibition assay revealed noncompetitive inhibition for both compounds with IC50 and Ki values of 4.74±0.17 and 4.75 mM for compound 1, and 11.29±0.44 and 12.37 mM for compound 2, respectively. In comparison, the standard drug acarbose displayed a competitive mode of inhibition, with IC50 and Ki values of 11.99±0.02 and 12.68 mM, respectively. The binding affinities with α‐amylase were −6.42 and −6.07 kcal/mol for compounds 1 and 2, respectively relative to acarbose −8.03 Kcal/mol. Moreover, these two compounds’ predicted physicochemical and ADMET properties justified their potential as lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds demonstrated remarkable inhibition potential comparable to the standard drug, highlighting their potential as viable alternatives in managing diabetes.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activities of Novel Ether Conjugates of Dihydroartemisinin and Zerumbone: Evidenced by Integrating Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Assay
Authors: Hung Truong Ngoc , Hung Nguyen Phi , Nghi Do Huu , Ha Nguyen Xuan , Loc Vu Thanh , Hai Pham The , Trang Luu Hanh , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Luu Van Chinh
Published: November 2024

O‐alkylation of the hydroxy compounds, including acetaminophen, starting compounds for the synthesis of the drug, and natural compounds with the bromides of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and zerumbone, produced twenty novel ether conjugates 15a‐j and 16a‐j, respectively. Their structures were elucidated by 1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and HRMS data. Their in vitro cytotoxic activity was screened using three cancer cell lines: HepG2, HeLa, and PC‐12. The results showed that eight out of ten conjugates in series 15a‐j containing DHA skeleton exhibited activity against the tested cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 4.26–47.37 μM. Notably, all conjugates in series 16a‐j containing zerumbone scaffolds inhibited the growth of HepG2, HeLa, and PC12 with IC50 in the range of 4.46–35.07 μM. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking to target anti‐liver cancer in the above 20 synthetic compounds, 271 intersection targets were discovered, including 5 targets with high degree values (EGFR, ESR1, AKT1, MDM2, and NFKB1). Artemisinin derivative 15i gave the highest binding energy for targets AKT1, EGFR, and NFKB1, while zerumbone‐murrayafoline A ether 16g in the remaining series also gave the highest energy for proteins EGFR, AKT1, and NFKB1.
Transgender and ASD identities associated with risk of suicide
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

Using data from students at colleges and universities, researchers has found that the combination of autism with transgender or gender‐nonconforming identities is associated with greater odds of suicide attempts. The findings point to a need to interventions for college students with autism and gender‐nonconforming identities.
AAP, HHS warn against expulsions and suspensions
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

In October the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued an important policy statement giving guidance to schools — and parents — on student suspension and expulsion. These two consequences for unacceptable student behavior are severe, and traditionally reserved for “behaviors that caused serious harm, such as bringing a weapon to school.” Suspension and expulsion exclude the student from school.
Role of Surfactants on Electrocatalytic Activity of Co/Al Layered Double Hydroxides For Hydrogen and Oxygen Generation
Authors: Rosely C V Sijla , John Honey
Published: November 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have recently attracted much attention in the scientific community as a prominent catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because they are economical, extremely stable, and highly active. Literature on LDH alone and their hybrids for catalyzing water oxidation are readily available, but LDH catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is meager. Here, we synthesized Co/Al‐based LDH systems that efficiently perform as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and OER. Exfoliation of this layered material via anion intercalation into a few layers further enhanced its activity. In this work, we reported the synthesis of Co/Al LDHs via coprecipitation followed by hydrothermal method and different surfactant‐functionalized LDHs (with anionic surfactant: SDS, cationic surfactant: CTAB, and nonionic surfactant: PEG 4000). SDS‐modified LDH (s LDH) showed notable stability and competent results in hydrogen evolution in addition to oxygen evolution. The exfoliation of s LDH caused enhancement in the high specific surface area about 6.8 times compared to pristine LDH, as evident from BET data. The onset potential for HER as obtained from the polarization curve for s LDH is −0.41 V versus RHE, with Tafel slope of 67.4 mV/dec. Similarly, OER onset potential and corresponding Tafel slope are 1.53 V versus RHE at 10 mA/cm2 and 90.2 mV/dec, respectively.
Trimethyl Lock Based Tools for Drug Delivery and Cell Imaging – Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Skwarecki Andrzej S. , Stefaniak‐Skorupa Joanna , Nowak Michał G.
Published: November 2024

Trimethyl lock (TML) systems have become increasingly important in medicinal and bioorganic chemistry, particularly for their roles in the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and as integral components in fluorogenic probes for cellular imaging. The simplicity and efficiency of their synthesis have established TML systems as versatile platforms for the controlled release of active molecules under particular physiological conditions. This review consolidates recent advancements in the application of TML systems, with a focus on their use in drug delivery, cellular imaging, and other areas where precise molecular release is crucial. Additionally, we discuss the synthetic strategies employed to construct TML‐based conjugates, underscoring their potential to enhance the specificity and efficacy of bioactive compounds in various biomedical applications.
Von der Normenarbeitsgemeinschaft zur Interessengemeinschaft
Authors: Oestreich Volker
Published: November 2024

Die NAMUR wird 75 Jahre alt. Sichere Produktionsprozesse durch Automatisierungskompetenz unter Berücksichtigung von Umweltschutz und Gesundheit ist eines ihrer wichtigen Ziele.
Kein Produkt mehr ohne Cybersecurity
Authors: Fluchs Sarah
Published: November 2024

Der Cyber Resilience Act der EU [1] wird voraussichtlich dieses Jahr in Kraft treten. Erstmals müssen mit dem CRA nicht nur Betreiber, sondern auch Hersteller Cybersecurity nachweisen: Alle digitalen Produkte müssen Security‐Anforderungen erfüllen, damit sie auf dem europäischen Markt verkauft werden dürfen. Der Anwendungsbereich ist riesig; viele Automatisierungsprodukte gehören dazu. Das ist eine Riesenchance für Betreiber, den Dialog über Cybersecurity‐Anforderungen mit ihren Herstellern auf eine neue, konstruktivere Ebene zu heben.
Risikoreduktion in Ex‐Umgebungen
Authors: Garbsch Matthias
Published: November 2024

Sicherheitsmängel bei Pumpen können katastrophale Folgen haben – von Produktionsausfällen bis hin zu rechtlichen Konsequenzen für das Management. Unternehmen müssen daher auf eine umfassende und normgerechte Sicherheitsstrategie setzen. Durch die Einhaltung der Betriebssicherheitsverordnung und den Einsatz von zertifizierten Systemen wie Jumo Safety Performance lassen sich Schäden vermeiden und gesetzliche Anforderungen erfüllen. Wer sich im Normen‐Dschungel zurechtfindet, schützt nicht nur die Produktion, sondern auch die Geschäftsführung vor Risiken und Straftaten.
Insights into C−H Activation Reactivity of Fe (IV)O Porphyrinoid Complexes: A Computational Investigation
Authors: Kaur Lovleen , Mandal Debasish
Published: November 2024

This work presents a detailed comparative analysis of C−H activations catalyzed by three different Fe(IV)O porphyrinoid complexes. The study considers the usual heme porphyrin (complex I) as the base compound, porphyrazine (complex II), which is obtained by replacing carbon with nitrogen at the meso position, and phthalocyanine (complex III), which is obtained through the peripheral benzoannulation of porphyrazine. The main focus here is to explore the impact of bridging groups and peripheral functionalization in heme systems on reactivity. Chloride is used as the axial ligand for all complexes and dihydroanthracene (DHA) is used as the substrate. Factors such as distortion energy and different electron acceptor orbitals significantly affect the overall reactivity. The effect of substitution on quantum mechanical tunneling, using H/D kinetic isotope effect studies, is also included. The results reveal a fascinating reactivity order: meso nitrogen substitution enhances reactivity, while additional benzo‐annulation hinders reactivity, leading to the order complex II >complex I >complex III. In comparison to the usual model compound I, which is Fe(IV)O‐porphyrin π cation radical with an −SH axial ligand, complex II was found to be more reactive. The electron affinity of the Fe(IV)O complexes and the dissociation energy of the forming Fe(IV)O−H bond aligns with observed reactivity trend. These findings support the use of accessible iron frameworks derived from porphyrin in C−H activation processes.
Ferrofluid Droplet Chains in Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chandrasekar Varun , Lu Jian Ren , Dierking Ingo
Published: November 2024

Dispersing ferrofluids in liquid crystals (LCs) produces unique systems which possess magnetic functionality and novel phenomena such as droplet chaining. This work reports the formation of ferrofluid droplet chains facilitated by the topological defects within the LC director field, induced by the dispersed ferrofluid. The translational and rotational motion of these chains could be controlled via application of external magnetic fields. The process of the droplet chain formation in LCs can be stabilized by the addition of surfactants. The magnetic colloidal particles in the ferrofluid located at the interface between the ferrofluid and the LC are arranged so that a boundary layer was formed. The velocities and boundary layer thickness values of ferrofluid droplet chains in nematic 5CB (4‐Cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl) were investigated for varying average droplet sizes and number of droplets in a chain. The creation and behaviour of ferrofluid droplet chains in 5CB with the addition of the surfactant polysorbate 60 (Tween‐60) and without, was comparatively investigated. The integration of liquid crystals and ferrofluids along with the incorporation of functional materials facilitates the innovative development of advanced materials for future applications.
Still dare to be different? Peers' CSR engagement and analysts' response to focal firms' CSR strategies
Authors: Zou Hailiang , Qi Guoyou , Ma Hanyang
Published: November 2024

This study investigates how security analysts' response to focal firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies varies with the level of CSR engagement among peer firms, about which contradictory arguments can be drawn from the perspectives of legitimacy and competitive dynamics. Legitimacy theory underscores the importance of conformity to peers' behaviors, while the competitive dynamics perspective suggests that firms should differentiate from their peers. The optimal distinctiveness theory suggests an orchestration between CSR conformity and CSR differentiation, combining the arguments of legitimacy and competitive dynamics. Based upon a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2018, this study uses a second‐hand panel dataset and employs three‐way interactions and the generalized method of moments (GMM) system. The empirical results show that as CSR engagement among peer firms increases, heavier legitimacy pressure is imposed on focal firms, and their CSR scope conformity attracts more analyst coverage, and this effect is more prominent for firms in institutionally developed regions. On the other hand, the competitive advantage gained from CSR emphasis differentiation is weakened by rivals' engagement in CSR, and the influence of CSR emphasis differentiation on analyst recommendation is weakened by peers' CSR engagement, and in highly competitive industries, this effect of peers' CSR engagement is stronger. We propose that peers' CSR engagement has different impacts on the importance of CSR conformity and differentiation. Finally, both the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor/CD74 axis in traumatic spinal cord injury: lessons learned from animal and human studies
Authors: Rubio Serina , Somers Veerle , Fraussen Judith
Published: November 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition leading to long‐term impairment of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Following the initial injury, a series of additional events is initiated further damaging the spinal cord. During this secondary injury phase, both an inflammatory and immune modulatory response are triggered that have damaging and anti‐inflammatory properties, respectively. The proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74 have been extensively studied in traumatic SCI. MIF expression is increased in spinal cord tissue after experimental SCI, mainly in astrocytes and microglia, as well as in the plasma of SCI patients. Functionally, MIF and CD74 were shown to regulate astrocyte viability, proliferation and cholesterol metabolism, microglia migration, and neuronal viability. Moreover, inhibition of the MIF/CD74 axis improved the functional recovery of SCI animals. We provide a detailed overview of studies analyzing the role of MIF and CD74 in traumatic SCI. We describe results from animal studies, using rat and mouse models for SCI, and human studies. Furthermore, we propose a new path for investigation, focused on B cells, that might lead to a better understanding of how MIF and CD74 contribute to the secondary injury cascade following traumatic SCI.
Exploitation of Mining Resources in El Argar Culture: Bronze Age Metallurgy in the Hinterland of the Western Betic Cordillera (Southeastern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Murillo‐Barroso M. , Aranda Jiménez G. , Lozano Rodríguez J. A. , Lackinger A. , Stos‐Gale Z. , Rodríguez J. , Álvarez‐Valero A. M. , Gil Ibarguchi J. I. , Montero‐Ruiz I.
Published: November 2024

This research addresses the territorial organisation of metallurgical production during the El Argar Bronze Age (2200–1550 cal bc) in the inner areas of El Argar territory through lead‐isotope and trace element analyses of geological copper ores, archaeometallurgical remains and copper‐based artefacts. Results from 31 mineral and 35 archaeological samples suggest that the exploitation of copper resources in the studied region was significant and had a similar impact than other mining districts of El Argar territory. This, therefore, leads the hierarchical and centralised production model to be questioned. It also appears that the copper ore deposits in the coastal regions that were intensively exploited during the Copper Age were used less intensively in the El Argar period. At that time, copper was mostly procured from ore deposits in the inland areas of El Argar territory: that is, ore deposits within the Alpine orogeny hinterland (inland areas of the Betic Cordillera, from Granada to Baza). Other artefacts were sourced from outside the Alpine geological domain, but still on the fringe of El Argar territory (the foothills of the Sierra Morena‐Linares mining district) or even from ore deposits definitely outside El Argar territory itself (the Los Pedroches Variscan region and elsewhere).
Nationwide cohort study on the risk of high‐grade cervical dysplasia and carcinoma after conservative treatment or hysterectomy for adenocarcinoma in situ
Authors: Schaafsma Mirte , Schuurman Teska N. , Kootstra Pien , Issa Deli , Hermans Ivo , Bleeker Maaike C. G. , Zusterzeel Petra L. M. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Siebers Albert G. , Mom Constantijne H. , van Trommel Nienke E.
Published: November 2024

Internationally, little consensus exists about the best treatment for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). This study aimed to determine the incidence of recurrent high‐grade cervical dysplasia and development of local cervical cancer after treatment for AIS. This nationwide, retrospective cohort study included patients with AIS, who were treated by a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ), cold‐knife conization (CKC), or hysterectomy between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2021 in the Netherlands. Pathology reports were retrieved from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (Palga). Primary outcomes were the cumulative incidences of high‐grade cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, and AIS) and local cervical cancer up to 20 years after primary treatment. In total, 4243 patients with AIS were included. The primary treatment was a LLETZ, CKC, or hysterectomy in 1593, 2118, and 532 patients, respectively. The incidence of recurrent high‐grade cervical dysplasia after LLETZ (10.5%; 95%CI: 8.6–12.3) was higher than after CKC (5.5%; 95%CI: 4.4–6.6, p <.0001). When a radical excision, that is, surgical margins free of dysplasia at end of treatment, was achieved, the incidence of recurrent high‐grade dysplasia and local cervical cancer did not differ between LLETZ (5.6% [95%CI: 3.3–7.9] and 1.9% [95%CI: 0–4.4]) and CKC (4.7% [95%CI: 3.5–5.8], p = .631 and 1.5% [95%CI: 0.7–2.3], p = .918). After hysterectomy, none of the patients developed cervical dysplasia or local cervical cancer. Conservative treatment for AIS can be considered a safe and final treatment modality when a radical excision is achieved.
Excited state relaxation mechanisms of paracetamol and acetanilide
Authors: Valverde Danillo , Beal Roiney , Gonçalves Paulo Fernando Bruno , Borin Antonio Carlos
Published: November 2024

The photochemical pathways of acetanilide and paracetamol were investigated using the XMS‐CASPT2 quantum chemical method and the cc‐pVDZ (correlation consistent polarized valence double‐) basis set. In both compounds, the bright state is the second excited state, designated as a La) state. Through a detailed exploration of the potential energy profile and the conical intersection structure between the La) and ground states, we gained a better understanding of how cleavage might occur in both molecules upon photoexcitation. Other potential relaxation mechanisms, including crossings with the dark and La) states, are also discussed in detail.
The Role of Pain Medications in Modulating Peripheral Nerve Injury Recovery
Authors: Allgood JuliAnne E. , Whitney Logan , Goodwin Jeffrey , Chong Brian S. H. , Brooks Amanda , Pullan Jessica
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are common, costly, and cause significant pain. Effective management of PNIs involves tailoring medications to the injury type as well as understanding the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics to support nerve regeneration and reduce pain. Opioids act on opioid receptors to significantly reduce pain for many patients, but there are significant addiction risks and side effects. In addition, opioids may exacerbate pain sensitivity and affect nerve regeneration. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen act on cyclooxygenase enzymes and are commonly used for nerve pain, with 34.7% of people using them for neuropathic pain. While effective for mild pain, they are often combined with opioids, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogs, lidocaine, or corticosteroids for more severe pain. Corticosteroids, mimicking adrenal hormones like cortisol, treat PNI‐related inflammation and pain. Their pharmacokinetics are complex, often requiring local injections in order to minimize systemic risks while effectively treating PNIs. Lidocaine, a common local anesthetic, blocks ion channels in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerves, providing strong analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. If used improperly, lidocaine can cause neuronal toxicity instead of anesthetic effect. GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and its drug analogs like pregabalin and gabapentin can alleviate neuropathic pain by binding to voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, inhibiting neurotransmitter release. These pain medications are commonly prescribed for PNIs despite a limited guidance on their effects on nerve regeneration. This review will discuss these drug's mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and their clinical application to highlight their effect on the PNI recovery.
Role of Orphan ParA Proteins in Replication and Cell Division in Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4
Authors: Parwin Shabnam , Srivastava Preeti
Published: November 2024

Bacteria have a very well‐regulated mechanism for chromosome segregation and cell division. This process requires a large number of complex proteins to participate and mediate their functionality. Among these complex proteins, ParA and ParB play a vital role for the faithful segregation of chromosome. In Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4, besides the essential parAB operon, there are three orphan copies of parA genes. Here, we report that the orphan ParA2 and ParA3 have distinct roles in the cell cycle. The disruption of the orphan parA2 or parA3 gene resulted in elongated cells. Multiple septal rings and mislocalised septa were observed in ΔparA3 and ΔparA2 mutants, respectively. The subcellular localization of ParA2 revealed a distinct ring‐ and ribbon‐like structure. On the other hand, orphan ParA3 was localized slightly away from the poles. The orphan ParA proteins were found to interact with ParB, the strongest interaction was observed with ParA2. Further, asynchronous replication initiation was observed in ΔparA3 mutants suggesting its role in replication. This is the first report demonstrating the distinct roles of orphan parA genes from Rhodococcus.
Effects of Bacillus spp. inoculation on suggested shoot tolerance mechanisms in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under iron toxicity
Authors: Weinand Tanja , Asch Julia , Asch Folkard
Published: November 2024

Background

In areas of lowland rice production, high iron concentrations in the soil often lead to yield reductions. Local adapted varieties possess different adaptation mechanisms, which, however, are not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that endophytic bacteria can influence plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including iron toxicity.

Aim

This study aims at analyzing the effects of different Bacillus isolates on distinct shoot tolerance mechanism in different rice cultivars grown under iron toxicity.

Methods

Three lowland rice cultivars, varying in their tolerance against iron toxicity (IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3, Sahel 108, Suakoko 8), were inoculated with three Bacillus strains (two of B. pumilus and one of B. megaterium). One week after Bacillus inoculation plants were subjected to high iron levels (1000 ppm) for 7 days. Leaf symptom scoring was used to assess tolerance levels. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (PRX) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Transcription of genes related to iron toxicity (OsFER, OsFRO1, OsNRAMP6) was determined by RT‐qPCR. Bacterial production of NO was evaluated by measuring nitrite levels in the culture supernatants.

Results

In general, iron toxicity affected the activities of APX, GR, CAT, and PRX but not SOD activity. Only PRX activity in response to iron differed between cultivars with a significantly stronger increase in IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3. Inoculation with B. pumilus Ni9MO12 led to higher activity of CAT in the leaf sheaths of all cultivars and an increase in GR activity in the sheaths that was significantly higher in Suakoko 8. In the young leaf blades of IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3, transcription of OsFRO1 and OsNRAMP6 was not significantly affected by Bacillus inoculation, whereas accumulation of OsFER mRNA was significantly higher in iron‐stressed, B. pumilus Ni9MO12 inoculated plants compared to non‐inoculated, non‐iron‐stressed plants. Nitrite concentration as an indicator for NO production was increased in B. pumilus Ni9MO12 culture supernatants.

Conclusion

Our results show that in the sensitive cultivar IR31785‐58‐1‐2‐3‐3 tolerance to iron toxicity increases when inoculated with B. pumilus Ni9MO12, coinciding with higher levels of ferritin transcription. NO production by the Bacillus isolate might confer the promotion of OsFER gene transcription in the inoculated plants.
Development of supercritical technology to obtain improved functional dietary fiber for the valorization of broccoli by‐product
Authors: Rivas María Ángeles , Benito María J. , Martín Alberto , de Guía Córdoba María , Gizaw Yesuneh , Casquete Rocío
Published: November 2024

Background

This research aimed to enhance the functional value of dietary fiber from broccoli leaves using supercritical fluid technology. By optimizing pressure, temperature, and time parameters through response surface methodology, the study sought to improve the bioactive properties of the fiber and develop a predictive model for its chemical composition and functional properties.

Results

Structural analysis indicated that modified samples had a higher concentration of oligosaccharides than control samples did, with significant increases in galacturonic acid and neutral sugars after supercritical fluid technology treatment, highlighting enhanced pectin release due to cell wall degradation. Functional properties, such as water solubility, glucose absorption capacity, and antioxidant activity, improved significantly under optimized conditions (191 bar, 40 °C, 1 h). Multivariate analysis confirmed the effectiveness of supercritical fluid technology in enhancing the dietary fiber properties, achieving a global desirability value of 0.805.

Conclusion

These results underscore the potential of supercritical technology for valorizing broccoli leaf by‐products, enhancing their health‐promoting characteristics and functional applications in the food industry. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced Lipidomics Analysis of Breast Cancer Cells Using Three‐phase Liquid Extraction and Ultra High‐performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: He Binhong , Ye Fengying , Feng Jieqing , Zhou Ting
Published: November 2024

Lipid extraction of complex biological samples is essential for high‐quality data in liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based lipidomics. This study introduces a three‐phase liquid extraction (3PLE)‐ultra‐high‐performance LC coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem MS method. This method was successfully applied to lipidomics analysis of breast cancer cells, including highly metastatic MDA‐MB‐231 and slightly metastatic MCF7 cells. The 3PLE method employed an n‐hexane/methyl tert‐butyl ether/acetonitrile/water solvent system that formed one aqueous and two organic phases. Neutral and polar lipids were enriched in the upper and middle organic phases, respectively, and combined for detection, thereby reducing analysis time. Compared with the Bligh and Dyer method, 3PLE achieved higher sensitivity and detected more features, with over a 50% increase in the relative abundance of nearly 50% of the differential lipids. In total, 21 differential lipids were identified in the MDA‐MB‐231 group and 22 in the MCF7 group compared to normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). Pathway analysis suggested that lipid changes in breast cancer cells were associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. The study presents a highly efficient lipidomics method, providing a scientific foundation for understanding breast cancer pathogenesis and aiding in diagnosis.
Surface Coating of ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles with Polyacrylic Acid: A Facile Approach to Enhance Chemical Stability for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yamane Setsuko , Yusri Abdul Hadi Bin , Chen Po‐yu , van der Vlies André J. , Mabrouk Amira Ben , Fetzer Isabelle , Hasegawa Urara
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticles of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8 NPs), which are the subclass of metal‐organic frameworks consisting of Zn ion and 2‐methylimidazole, have been identified as promising drug carriers since their large microporous structure is suited for encapsulating hydrophobic drug molecules. However, one of the limitations of ZIF‐8 NPs is their low stability in physiological solutions, especially in the presence of water and phosphate anions. These molecules can interact with the coordinatively unsaturated Zn sites at the external surface to induce the degradation of ZIF‐8 NPs. In this study, herein a facile approach is reported to enhance the chemical stability of ZIF‐8 NPs by surface coating with polyacrylic acid (PAA). The PAA‐coated ZIF‐8 (PAA‐ZIF‐8) NPs are prepared by mixing ZIF‐8 NPs and PAA in water. PAA coating inhibits the degradation of ZIF‐8 NPs in water as well as phosphate‐buffered saline over 6 days, which seems to be due to the coordination of carboxyl groups of PAA to the reactive Zn sites. Furthermore, the PAA‐ZIF‐8 NPs loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) show cytotoxicity in human colon cancer cells. These results clearly show the feasibility of the PAA coating approach to improve the chemical stability of ZIF‐8 NPs without impairing their drug delivery capability.
Synthesis and Binding Properties of High‐Affinity Histidine‐Bearing Polymers for Wood Lignin
Authors: Hinohara Rika , Aso Yuji , Kobayashi Naoko , Saito Kaori , Watanabe Takashi , Tanaka Tomonari
Published: November 2024

The pursuit of molecules capable of binding to wood lignin is pivotal for advancing lignin degradation technology, particularly when combined with lignin degradation catalysts. In this study, synthetic polymers bearing histidine moieties, demonstrating remarkable affinity for wood lignin are reported. These polymers, featuring varying degrees of histidine substitution in the form of histidine methyl esters, are synthesized through controlled radical polymerization of an activated ester‐bearing monomer, employing a fluorescein‐labeled chain transfer agent and subsequent postpolymerization amidation with histidine methyl ester. The binding properties of these histidine‐bearing polymers with milled wood lignin under aqueous conditions are investigated. Qualitative assessment of lignin‐binding capabilities involve spectroscopic analysis of changes in absorbance of visible light and fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, quantitative evaluation is conducted through surface plasmon resonance measurements to determine the binding parameters of the polymers with wood lignin. Notably, polymers with higher histidine substitution exhibit enhanced binding affinity compared to those with lower histidine substitution levels.
Linker Group Fluorination Boosts Photovoltaic Performance of Branch‐Connected Dimerized Acceptors
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Jia Xinyuan , Ma Kangqiao , Zhao Wenkai , Liang Huazhe , Yao Zhaoyang , Long Guankui , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

Branch‐connected dimerized acceptors can take full advantages of four end units in enhancing molecular packing comparing to that of terminal‐connected ones, thus potentially reaching the best balance between stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two branch‐connected dimerized acceptors, namely D1 and D2, are developed by employing bithiophene and difluorinated bithiophene as linker groups, respectively. Induced by the fluorine atoms on linker group, D2 affords a larger molar extinction coefficient, more importantly, the optimized nanoscale film morphology and superior charge transport behavior comparing to D1. Consequently, D2‐based binary OSCs render a good PCE of 16.66%, outperforming that of 15.08% for D1‐based ones. This work highlights the great significance of linker group screening in designing high‐performance branch‐connected dimerized acceptors.
Factors Influencing the Bid‐Winning of Respondents in the Context of Crowdsourcing
Authors: Xu Yanjing , Lu Yue
Published: November 2024

This article takes crowdsourcing as the research background, collects secondary data from the Yipin Freelancer website, constructs panel data of “respondent–date,” and uses the research framework of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) to study the key factors influencing the bid‐winning probability of respondents. The study found that for the central path, there is a nonlinear inverted U‐shaped relationship between the respondents' success experience and skill diversity and the bid‐winning probability. For the peripheral path of task settings, the study found that a larger task bonus, more bonus recipients, and longer task deadlines are beneficial for respondents to win bids successfully. Finally, this article discusses the theoretical and practical significance of the research.
Rodent ischemic stroke models and their relevance in preclinical research
Authors: Thaysen Maria , Westi Emil , Clarkson Andrew N. , Wellendorph Petrine , Kristensen Mie
Published: November 2024

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke caused by an occluded vessel accounting for the majority of cases. Current treatments are limited to recanalization, either through thrombectomy or thrombolysis. Approved pharmacological interventions to suppress stroke‐associated excitotoxicity and neuroinflammatory events, leading to brain tissue death, are still lacking. Although numerous preclinical studies have been performed, they have yet to be translated into clinically relevant interventions. First‐line preclinical in vivo studies include the use of rodent ischemic stroke models, which vary in terms of how well they replicate human stroke pathophysiology and phenotype (including the formation of blood clot, blood–brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and edema generation). Thus, rodent ischemic stroke models must be carefully chosen according to the specific pharmacological intervention to be tested. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the five most commonly used rodent ischemic stroke models and critically assess their advantages and limitations, with a primary focus on the acute phases of stroke.