bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Burnout in Canadian Pathology Initiative
Authors: Keith Julia
Published: August 2022

Context.—

Burnout affects 44% of physicians, negatively impacts physicians and the patient care that they provide, and can be assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Forces contributing to physician burnout have been identified and grouped into 7 dimensions. Burnout within pathology has not been well studied.

Objective.—

To identify the prevalence of burnout within Canadian pathology, drivers of burnout important in pathology, and pathologist burnout mitigation strategies at an individual and departmental level.

Design.—

An electronic survey was disseminated by participating departmental chiefs and the Canadian Association of Pathologists. Survey content included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and 3 free-text questions, including: “What do you find most stressful about your work?” and “What is working for you, at an individual or departmental level, to mitigate against burnout?” Comparative statistics were performed by using Pearson χ2. Significant relationships were sought between pathologist burnout and potential drivers, using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Responses to the qualitative questions were themed and mapped onto the 7 dimensions of burnout.

Results.—

Four hundred twenty-seven pathologists participated in the survey from all 10 Canadian provinces. The prevalence of burnout in Canadian pathology was 58% (246 respondents), and there were significant differences by gender and years in practice. Drivers of pathologist burnout included workload and chronic work-related pain. The most frequently reported effective departmental strategy to mitigate against burnout mapped to “organizational culture,” and the approach that most individual pathologists have taken to mitigate against burnout involves work-life integration.

Conclusions.—

Burnout within Canadian laboratory medicine is prevalent, and workload is a major driver.
COVID-19 child vaccinations: Promoting children’s right to equality, education, food and health
Authors: Sujee Z , Ndlela S
Published: August 2022

The pandemic has adversely impacted children. The vaccine roll-out to children aged 12 - 17 years is important to curb the spread of the virus and allow children to revert to some form of normality. Children’s rights to equality, education, health and food have been impeded during the pandemic. However, there is a persistent hesitancy towards the vaccine roll-out. This is apparent from a case before the High Court in Pretoria, in the pending matter between the African Christian Democratic Party and others v The Minister of the National Department of Health: Dr M Phaahla and Others. SECTION27’s intervention as amicus curiae highlights the importance of vaccines, and provides evidence to illustrate the adverse impact of the pandemic on learners’ rights to equality, education, food and health. Further, the evidence illustrates the inequalities that exist among learners.
Cherry-picking, selective reading and the creation of straw arguments?
Authors: De Roubaix M
Published: August 2022

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Risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions following paediatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Essa S , Mogane P , Moodley Y , Motshabi Chakane P
Published: August 2022

Background. Unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) have important implications in the general management of patients. Research in this area has been conducted in the adult and non-surgical population. To date, there is no systematic review addressing risk factors in the paediatric surgical population.Objective. To synthesise the information from studies that explore the risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions following surgery in children through a systematic review process.

Method. We conducted a systematic review of published literature (PROSPERO registration CRD42020163766), adhering to the Preferred Reporting of Observational Studies and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) strategy used was based on: population – paediatric population, exposure – risk factors, comparator – other, and outcome – unplanned ICU admission. Data that reported on unplanned ICU admissions following paediatric surgery were extracted and analysed. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results. Seven studies were included in the data synthesis. Four studies were of good quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score ≥7 points. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) estimate of unplanned ICU stay was 2.69% (0.05 - 8.6%) and ranged between 0.06% and 8.3%. Significant risk factors included abnormal sleep studies and the presence of comorbidities in adenotonsillectomy surgery. In the general surgical population, younger age, comorbidities and general anaesthesia were significant. Abdominal surgery and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery resulted in a higher risk of unplanned ICU admission. Owing to the heterogeneity of the data, a meta-analysis with risk prediction could not be performed.

Conclusion. Significant patient, surgical and anaesthetic risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admission in children following surgery are described in this systematic review. A combination of these factors may direct planning toward anticipation of the need for a higher level of postoperative care. Further work to develop a predictive score for unplanned ICU stay is desirable.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in PICU – how are we doing?
Authors: Van Wyk L , Applegate J T , Salie S
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection in children, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. A previous study in 2013 showed that VAP rates decreased dramatically after implementation of a VAP bundle and appointing a VAP coordinator. As part of a ‘Plan, Do, Study, Act’ cycle, it was necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions.Objective. To evaluate the VAP rate in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over 2 years (2017 - 2018), and to describe the causative organisms and antibiotic sensitivity/resistance patterns during this period.

Methods. This was a retrospective, descriptive study using the existing PICU VAP database as well as clinical folders.Results. Over the 2 years, 31 VAP cases were identified. The VAP rate for 2017 was 4.0/1 000 ventilator days and 5.4/1 000 ventilator days for 2018. Compliance with the VAP bundle was 68% in 2017 and 70% in 2018. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) duration of ventilation in 2017 was 9 (6 -12) days and 15 (11 - 28) days in 2018. The median (IQR) length of PICU stay in 2017 was 11 (8 - 22) days and 25 (17 - 37) days in 2018. The most common cultured organism was an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems. Conclusion. Our VAP rate has not decreased since 2013. It is imperative that we improve compliance with the VAP bundle, in order to reduce VAP rates. K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common organisms causing VAPs and empiric use of piptazobactam and amikacin is still appropriate.
A Compact Circular Polarized MIMO Fabric Antenna with AMC Backing for WBAN Applications
Authors: Pathan T. U. , Kakde B.
Published: August 2022

A compact high-isolation diversity and circular polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fabric antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications is presented. A metamaterial (MTM)-inspired radiating element is used for the miniaturization of the presented fabric antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a denim substrate and has a dimension of 58 mm x 23 mm x 1.6 mm. The circular polarization is achieved by trimming the two diagonal corners of the radiating elements. A defected ground structure (DGS) comprising two U-slots is placed underneath each radiator to increase the bandwidth of the presented antenna. The isolation characteristics between the two antenna elements are increased by 20 dB by cutting a slit in a ground plane. The proposed CP-MIMO antenna incorporates an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer to limit backward radiation towards the human body and hence enhances the gain. This antenna has been created on a denim substrate with permittivity εr =1.6 and 1.6 mm thickness. The proposed antenna offers a fractional bandwidth of 6.6 % (2.38-2.54 GHz), and an impedance bandwidth about 160 MHz. The antenna has a peak gain of 2.5 dBi without AMC and 4.5 dBi with AMC. To validate the simulation results, a prototype for the proposed antenna has been fabricated and experimentally characterized. Due to its small size, low specific absorption rate (SAR), ease of integration, and robustness, this antenna is a good option for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications.
Urethral Sounding: Experience from Two Tertiary Care Centres in Northern India
Authors: Khan Mohd Mubashir Ali , Singh Gyanendra , Kumar Mukesh , Goel Apul
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Foreign bodies have been removed from urethra and bladder of young females since time immemorial. Various explanations have been offered by the patients but the variety, multiplicity and large sizes indicate masturbation as the major cause. Aim: To study the characteristics and find out the actual motive of urethral sounding at two tertiary care centres in Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2021 to December 2021 analysing the records of all patients who presented to urology emergency of King George’s Medical University, Lucknow and Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah between June 2006 and June 2020 with foreign bodies in the urethra or urinary bladder. Data regarding the age, marital status of patient, type of foreign body and its location in the lower urinary tract, presence of any psychiatric illness, method of removal of the foreign body and possible cause of insertion of the foreign body from the records were collected. Data was segregated, coded and recorded in the Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet. Descriptive data were presented as percentages and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 by IBM USA. Results: A total of 21 patients presented to the urology emergency with foreign body in the lower urinary tract between June 2006 and June 2020. None of the patients had any known psychiatric illness and all of them were adult males with age ranging from 18 to 45 years. Eight patients were managed by removal of foreign body with the help of artery forceps while 12 patients underwent cystoscopic removal of foreign body. One patient who had knotted electric wire in urinary bladder required laser fragmentation. Thirteen of the patients confessed to urethral masturbation while the rest offered vague explanations like accidental insertion or simply inquisitiveness. Conclusion: The results of this retrospective study indicate that urethral masturbation using foreign body exists in the healthy adult males. It generally does not come into notice until the patient ends up with impaction of the foreign body. More studies need to be done to see whether this could be a possible cause of urethral stricture in patients with inadequate history.
Comparison of Conventional Pap Smears versus Liquid Based Cytology for Clinicopathological Patterns of Cervical Lesions at a Tertiary Care Centre, Bangalore, India
Authors: Anushree CN , Priyanker Sonal , Hugar Nagaraj Narasappa , Manjunatha YA
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) technique has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its extensive use has not been possible due to the limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity markedly. False negativity of CPS is also very high so Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) was introduced. Aim: To compare cytomorphological patterns, diagnostic utility and adequacy of smears of cervical lesions on CPS and LBC. Materials and Methods: This study was a Prospective descriptive study, conducted in Department of Pathology of Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore for 19 months during November 2018 to May 2020 on 250 cases. The samples were taken with cervix-brush. First, a CPS was prepared and was immediately alcohol-fixed. After that same brush head was rinsed in LBC vial containing methanol. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 (SPSS) and R environment 3.2.2 for data analysis. Results: Most of the patients were in the fourth decade of life and 160 cases (64%) presented as white discharge per vaginum. Total 231 (92.4%) smears were satisfactory on CPS and 233 (93.2%) smears on LBC. The number of Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) increased from 4 cases (1.6%) in CPS to 6 cases (2.4%) in LBC in this study. Rate of detection of High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) was more with LBC (11 cases, 4.4%) compared to that of CPS (7 cases, 2.8%). It was seen that in this study, sensitivity and specificity of LBC is better than CP in detecting LSIL and HSIL, but except specificity of CP was more than LBC in detecting LSIL. Present study showed overall sensitivity of 77.1% in CP and 94.3% in LBC and specificity of 97.2% and 100% in CP and LBC, respectively. The p-value calculated was <0.001 which was highly significant. Conclusion: The LBC technique showed clear background, well preserved cytomorphological details, removal of extra mucus, blood and inflammatory cell infiltrate as compared to CPS technique. Atypical cells or abnormal cells were seen better and were detected more by LBC as compared to CPS.
Management of Iceberg Lettuce Quality
Authors: Meena Satyveer Singh , Kulakarni Achyut , Vikash .
Published: August 2022

In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the quality deterioration of iceberg lettuce during its supply chain i.e. during the pre-harvesting, harvesting and post-harvesting period. Further, it was tried to identify the cost of cultivation of iceberg lettuce per hectare and the crop rotation followed by the farmers. The Nilgiris District of the Tamilnadu state was the study area for this research. For this study, 30 farmers were selected for data collection based on convenience sampling. From these farmers during the pre-harvesting, harvesting and post-harvesting period every 10 samples of iceberg lettuce heads were taken for inspection and observations were recorded during quality inspection. From the study, it was found that the major part of the quality deterioration takes place during the post-harvest period. This paper focused on the comparison of the quality parameters done before dispatch and after, the knowledge of iceberg lettuce growing farmers. It was identified for the chemical application the spraying techniques used for the growing of iceberg lettuce. These current practices of farmers for the chemical application and spraying techniques are compared with the standard practices to identify the loopholes in the current practices of the farmers. It was found that the total cost of cultivation was 66495 rupees/acre.
The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Liquidity, and Leverage on Financial Distress
Authors: Utami Siska Widia , Dirman Angela
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study aims to find empirical evidence and analyze the effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, liquidity, and leverage on financial distress. In addition, this research can also be used as a reference for further researchers as well as a reference for stakeholders (investors, creditors, and the government) in making relevant and reliable decisions.

Study Design: The method used is quantitative research with secondary data taken from the company's financial statements with data collection techniques using purposive sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2020. The number of research samples is 63 data.

Methodology: Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: The results of this study indicate that: (1) Institutional Ownership has no significant effect on Financial Distress. (2) Managerial Ownership has no significant effect on Financial Distress. (3) Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on Financial Distress. (4) Leverage has a negative and significant effect on Financial Distress.
Exploring the Benefits of Technology Adoption on Business Performance among Unregistered SMEs: Insights from Nigeria
Authors: Gbemisola Ogbolu , Adetola Adelaja Ayotunde
Published: August 2022

This study in its capacity explore the significance of technology adoption among unregistered small or micro businesses in the informal economy. To achieve this objective, initial observations were carried out by researchers over a time period on unregistered business owners operating in an informal economy. The study adopts an interview data collection method. The findings reveal that initially, these business owners had no intention of adopting technology into their business model. However, they did. Given this, the adopted technology (simple mobile phones) gave them some unprecedented opportunities over others in terms of work flexibility and expanded customer networks via referral. Unintentionally, the interview findings also reveal that with the simple technology adopted by this informal and unregistered businesses, customers were able to make business transactions from their comfort zone and enhance their individual security consciousness.
Farmers’ Knowledge of Insecticides Usage and Hazard in Some Selected Communities in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Shindi H. A. , Hamisu S. , Aiki I. P. , Dabo M. , Senchi D. S. , Unashi Y. B. , Warah M. M.
Published: August 2022

A study was carried out to assess the farmer’s knowledge of insecticides usage and hazard in some selected communities in Danko/Wasagu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the majority (69 percent) of the respondents were men, 53 percent of them were within the age range of 41 – 60 years, and 50 percent of them had a family size of 1-5 persons. Many of the respondents (36 percent) had one form of formal education or the other. Most of the respondents 62 percent got their farmland through inheritance. Results also revealed that the majority of the respondents (95 percent) are aware of insecticides, with 55 percent using them to spray their crops. Many respondents 96 percent used insecticides before; the majority of the respondents 75 percent used insecticides to control insect pests in their homes and farms. The findings revealed that the majority (91 percent) of the respondents were aware of insecticides hazard and 70 percent are aware of the health implication of these insecticides and result from the negative effect of insecticides revealed that a high proportion of 40 percent strongly agreed on the negative effect of insecticides. More so the majority 89 percent of respondents are aware of safety and precaution measures, and 82 percent agreed that the use of protective clothes during spraying is a safe and precaution measure. It is concluded that the majority of the farmers are aware of insecticides and their health hazards. It is recommended that farmers should be more sensitized about the danger of insecticides and when handling them proper care should be taken and should always use protective clothes during their application (spray) to protect themselves and avoid body contact.
Prevalence, Factors, and Perception against Covid-19 Vaccine Uptakes among Clinical Years of Medical Students at Al- Neelain University, Sudan, 2021
Authors: El-Hadi Ebtihal A. , Khatim Osama , Abdalla Moneer A. , A. Abdalla Murtada , Y. Hammad Almoeiz , A. Elbashir Safa
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study was conducted to the faculty of medicine at Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan to study the Prevalence, Factors, and Perception against Covid-19 Vaccine Uptakes among Clinical Years students.

Background: Medical students are among the frontline healthcare providers that are most likely to come into contact with COVID-19 patients. As soon as a vaccine is available, it is critical to obtain high COVID-19 immunization coverage rates in this group. They will be charged with offering vaccine recommendations and counseling vaccine-hesitant individuals as future healthcare providers.

Research Methods: This research was conducted to faculty of medicine at al-Neelain University, data of 180 students in a clinical year was collected by using online Google form questionnaire that was made from similar studies and standardized survey. The verbal consent was obtained from each participant.

Results: The study was conducted on 180 students, of which 50 (27.8%) were vaccinated and 130 (72.2%) un vaccinated, the majority of vaccinated groups are from fourth years which are 34 (32.4%), no significant differences between male and females ( p-value 0.1 ) regarding the vaccine uptake, but shows a Correlation between Age and receiving COVID-19 vaccine (P-value = 0.04 which is significant) in which the age of 19-20 is most aged vaccinated 17% of our students’ dose not trust safety of the vaccine and concern about their side effect, 7.1% does not think vaccine is effective, 6% does not know where to get vaccination and .5% relate their refusing of vaccine to a religious manner.

Conclusion: This study shows large number of unvaccinated medical student and highlights the need for an educational curriculum about the safety and effectiveness to promote uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Effect of Desiccant Beads on Groundnut Bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) Infestation in Stored Groundnut
Authors: Singh Rashmirekha , Mishra P. R.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of desiccant beads on the stored groundnut against groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier. The experiment was carried out in the storage laboratory of Department of Entomology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2019-20 in Completely Randomised Design. Groundnut pods(100 grams) in each treatment were mixed with 2 types of beads viz., zeolite beads and sodium aluminium silicate in four different ratios (1:1, 1:0.9, 1:0.8, 1:0.7) along with an untreated control and the observations on the fecundity, adult emergence, weight loss(%), moisture content, germination(%) were recorded during 6 months of storage at an interval of 60 days. Among the different treatments, the pods mixed with zeolite beads in 1:1 ratio was found to be the most superior treatment after 2, 4 and 6 months with the lowest fecundity (14.67, 25.67 and 34.33 eggs, respectively) and adult emergence (10.00, 17.33 and 25.00 adults, respectively). However, all the treatment dosages were found significantly superior over control which recorded maximum weight loss due to bruchid infestation. It was also noted that there was reduction in moisture content of the groundnut kernels with the increase of storage period with desiccant beads as these beads absorbed the moisture from the groundnut and created unsuitable environment for insect development and infestation. These beads did not show any adverse effects on the germination of groundnut.
Comparison of Linear and Non-linear Models for Coconut Yield Prediction in Coimbatore Using Weather Parameters and External Factors
Authors: Madeshwaran K. , Eswari A. , Duraisamy M. R. , Praneetha S. , Selvi B. Senthamizh
Published: August 2022

Coconut is the world's most significant plantation crop, and it is grown in practically every country. As Coimbatore is the leading producer of coconut in Tamil Nadu, followed by Thanjavur and Kanyakumari, this study is centred on the Coimbatore area. West Coast Tall is a popular cultivar that produces more than other types. The West Coast Tall (WCT) cultivar was used in this research. In this paper, four models were developed such as Ridge, Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO), Elastic net (ELNET) regression methods and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Further, we validate this model using field-level data from TNAU coconut research farm for two years. The purpose of this communication is to find the best fit model for prediction of coconut yield using weather parameters and external factors in Coimbatore district. The models were selected based on different performance metrics such as RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and R2. Among the four models developed in the study, the ELNET model is found to be best model for prediction of coconut yield based on weather and external factors for the available data in the studied region.
Effect of Foliar Application of GA3, NAA and Urea on Fruit Physiological Characterstics of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Banarasi Karaka
Authors: Kumar Trivendra , Gautam Rakesh Kumar , Gangwar Vishal , Kumar Deepak , Veersain . , Singh Navdeep , Kumar Avdhesh
Published: August 2022

Among subtropical fruits Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) one of the most common fruit crop, grown under neglected soil types. It is a drought hardy and can grow under the most hazardous conditions of soil, water and climate and thus it has rightly been recommended for the arid and desert area of India [1]. It is found growing wild as well as in cultivated forms throughout the warmer regions up to an altitude of 1500 metres above Mean Sea Level. The experiment comprised 13 treatments consisting of foliar spray of GA3, NAA, Urea and control. The treatments are as follows- T0 Control (water spray), T1 (GA3 @10 ppm), T2 (GA3 @20 ppm), T3 (NAA @20 ppm), T4 (NAA @40 ppm), T5 (Urea @1.0%), T6 (Urea @1.5%), T7 (GA3 @10 ppm + NAA @20 ppm + Urea @1.0%), T8 (GA3 @20 ppm + NAA @40 ppm + urea @1.5%). Mentioned solutions with different concentration were sprayed by foot sprayer in the morning hours and selected branches were fully drenched. On the basis of sprays of plant growth regulators i.e. GA3 and NAA and urea as well as their combined treatments influenced different parameters in this research trial. The combined treatments of GA3 20 ppm + NAA 40 ppm + urea 1.5% maximized initial fruit set, fruit retention, fruit volume, length of fruit, fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp weight, pulp/stone ratio and minimized the fruit drop, stone weight content. The second effective treatment was GA3 10 ppm + NAA 20 ppm + urea 1.0% identified in present investigation.
Biomass Valorization to Chemicals over Cobalt Nanoparticles on SBA-15
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega , Triyono Triyono , Nandini Elizabeth Selia , Suarsih Endah
Published: August 2022

A series of heterogeneous catalysts based on cobalt supported on SBA-15 were prepared through wet impregnation and co-impregnation assisted by ethylene glycol (EG) methods. The cobalt oxide catalysts generated after the drying and calcination process were denoted as CoO/SBA-15w and CoO/SBA-15c for a wet- and co-impregnation method, respectively. Subsequent to the reduction process, the reduced cobalt catalysts were obtained and denoted as Co/SBA-15w and Co/SBA-15c. The TEM images revealed the catalysts prepared through these methods show very clear distinctions that the catalyst prepared by wet impregnation shows large aggregates of cobalt particles on the external surface of SBA-15 due to their inability to enter the channels. The catalysts were evaluated on the hydrocracking of pyrolyzed -cellulose as a biomass model. The results showed that the reduced cobalt-based catalysts are having higher conversion value and selectivity towards the 2-furancarboxaldehyde reached ca. 20%. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA   License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
O RIO CAPITAL IMAGINADO PELA CRÍTICA CINEMATOGRÁFICA: os casos de Rio Fantasia e Rio, 40 graus
Authors: Altmann Eliska
Published: August 2022

No artigo, busca-se verificar como o Rio de Janeiro, “cidade-capital”, foi imaginado por críticos cinematográficos brasileiros. Por meio de críticas aos filmes Rio fantasia (1957), de Watson Macedo, e Rio, 40 graus (1955), de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, pretende-se entender como a então Capital Federal foi descrita e legitimada por agentes que formam julgamentos, quiçá, para a posteridade.
POLÍTICAS SOCIALES Y ORGANIZACIONES POPULARES EN ARGENTINA (2003-2011): mediación social y movilización política en los barrios periféricos de Buenos Aires
Authors: Trenta Arnaud
Published: August 2022

El artículo se inscribe en los debates en torno a las rupturas y continuidades entre los gobiernos nacionales argentinos de las últimas décadas a partir del análisis de las políticas sociales focalizadas de lucha contra la pobreza. La investigación examina particularmente las relaciones entre las organizaciones sociales y el Estado durante los dos primeros gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2011) y se focaliza en la ejecución de un programa de inclusión social denominado “Ingreso Social con Trabajo”, que apunta a la creación de cooperativas de trabajo en barrios carenciados. Los resultados de la encuesta empírica exhiben cierta continuidad en el diseño y la implementación de las políticas sociales entre los años 1990 y 2000 a través del modelo de transferencias condicionadas de ingreso. De igual manera, ilustra una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre las clases populares y el Estado a través de la alianza política entre el gobierno nacional y las organizaciones sociales.
O CAPITALISMO IMATERIAL E A PRODUÇÃO DE SI, SEGUNDO ANDRÉ GORZ
Authors: Gianinazzi Willy
Published: August 2022

Ao analisar a evolução do capitalismo contemporâneo (automação, informatização, globalização), André Gorz sublinha suas consequências sociais (desemprego, precariedade, desigualdades, pobreza). Focando sua análise nas transformações do trabalho (valorização da inteligência e da imaginação) que acompanham essas mutações, ele decifra a emergência de uma inteligência coletiva de que o capitalismo tenta se apropriar, mas que se confunde com a “produção de si”, isto é, com atividades nas quais as faculdades pessoais podem se desenvolver fora do trabalho subordinado. Uma riqueza de novo tipo é criada; ela é qualitativa e fundada nos vínculos sociais de cooperação. A renda básica é concebida como uma âncora existencial transitória, que permite esse salto.
O MARXISMO DE ANDRÉ GORZ
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: August 2022

Gorz era marxista? Seria mais justo e mais apropriado falar de uma presença do marxismo no seu pensamento. Um pensamento que pode ser caracterizado como um socialismo ecológico - um ecossocialismo - que se inspira em Marx e em certos marxistas heterodoxos na sua crítica da sociedade (capitalista) existente e na sua formulação de um projeto de sociedade (comunista) alternativa. Há marxismo em Gorz, e sua obra, uma das mais importantes na ecologia crítica do século XX, não pode ser compreendida sem essa dimensão.
RACIONALIDADE ECONÔMICA, TRABALHO E ECOLOGIA EM ANDRÉ GORZ
Authors: Langer André
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a análise crítica de André Gorz sobre o trabalho e a ecologia política a partir da centralidade que o conceito de racionalidade econômica no capitalismo adquire em seu pensamento. Para ele, a extensão ilimitada da racionalidade econômica ao trabalho e à natureza é considerada sem futuro do ponto de vista da sociedade. Gorz reconhece a íntima relação entre a crítica do capitalismo e a tarefa da ecologia política. Outro aspecto presente em sua obra, menos explorado, é a relação entre trabalho e crise ecológica. O capitalismo apropria-se do trabalho ou emprego não apenas para os seus interesses, mas também os transforma em instrumentos de destruição da natureza. Este paper objetiva também, fiel ao espírito do próprio Gorz, embora de maneira sucinta, indicar alguns horizontes alternativos.
UMA CRITICA ÀS PRÁTICAS DE CONCILIAÇÃO NA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Samagaia Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

Trata-se de uma Resenha do Livro de Jaime Hillesheim, cujo titulo é: Conciliação Trabalhista: ofensiva sobre os direitos dos trabalhadores na periferia do capitalismo. O objeto de estudo sobre o qual se debruça o autor nesta obra é a prática de Conciliação, analisada como elemento mediador das relações na construção histórica da sociedade brasileira e no sistema jurídico, sobretudo no que concerne à justiça do trabalho.
AS TEORIAS DO TRABALHO DE HONNETH E UNGER: reconhecimento e produtivismo inclusivo
Authors: Visser Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, comparam-se duas escolas de pensamento da teoria social a partir do conceito de trabalho. Estendem-se, então, suas contradições internas. De um lado, a teoria do reconhecimento comporta um conceito de trabalho que se deixa definir por seu valor sociocultural e simbólico, inserido na hierarquia moral ocidental. Seu paradigma é a sociedade salarial e a regulação estatal da paridade das relações profissionais. Já o construtivismo institucional entende o conceito de trabalho como atividade produtiva destinada à inovação. Seu enquadramento teórico visa a recuperar a aliança entre progresso técnico-material com o incremento da experiência social dos indivíduos.HONNETH’S AND UNGER’S THEORIES OF LABOR: recognition and inclusive productivismIn this article two currents of social thought will be compared taking into account the concept of labor. On one side, the theory of recognitiondefines labor by its cultural and symbolic value, which is conceived in the Western moral hierarchy. Its paradigm is the wage labor and the regulation of contracts. On the other hand, the theory of institutional constructvism understands labor as a productive activity oriented by innovation. It tries to reconcile technical and material progresswith the deepening of the social experience of the individuals.Key words: Labor. Recognition. Institutional constructivism. Social theoryLA THÉORIE DU TRAVAIL DE HONNETH ET UNGER: reconnaissance et productivisme inclusifL’article analyse deux écoles de pensée à partir de la catégorie de travail. En suite on ira analyser leurs contradictions internes. D’un côté, la théorie de la reconnaissance défine le concept de travail par sa valeur culturelle et symbolique, encerré dans l’hiérarchie morale occidentale. Son paradigme est la société salariale et la régulation des rapports profissionels par l’État. D’autre côté, le constructivisme institutionnel délimite la catégorie de travail entendue comme activité productive orientée par l’innovation. Son cadre théorique vise recuperer l’aliance entre le progrès téchinique, matérial et l’aprofondissement de l’expérience sociale des individus.Mots-clés: Travail. Reconnaissance. Constructivisme institutionnel. Théorie sociale.
DE SÃO PAULO A PARIS: o jovem Michael Löwy entre socialismo e sociologia
Authors: Querido Fabio Mascaro
Published: August 2022

Mais conhecido por sua afortunada trajetória internacional, em especial por aquela que se inicia a partir do final dos anos 1960 na França, Michael Löwy deu os primeiros passos de seu itinerário intelectual em São Paulo, na segunda metade da década de 1950, época em que cursou a graduação em Ciências Sociais na Faculdade de Filosofia da USP, então localizada na Rua Maria Antônia. O objetivo deste artigo é exatamente analisar a importância desse processo de formação intelectual de Löwy, entre o final da década de 1950 e meados da de 1970. Busca-se analisar algumas das linhas de força desse momento da trajetória intelectual do autor, das suas primeiras pesquisas sobre o movimento operário no âmbito da sociologia paulista até seus trabalhos mais teóricos – realizados na França – sobre as obras de Marx, Lukács e outros “intelectuais revolucionários”.FROM SÃO PAULO TO PARIS: the young Michael Löwy between socialism and sociology Although to be better known for his international trajectory, especially that which began in the late 1960s in France, it was in São Paulo that Michael Löwy began his intellectual itinerary in the second half of the 1950s. The purpose of this article is to analyze the importance of this process of intellectual formation of Löwy, between the late 1950s and the mid - 1970s. The aim is to analyze some of the leading threads of the intellectual trajectory of the author, from his first researches on the labor movement within the sociology of São Paulo until his more theoretical work in France, on the works of Marx, Lukács and other “revolutionary intellectuals”. Keywords: Intellectuals. Sociology. Socialism. Cosmopolitism. Engagement.DE SÃO PAULO À PARIS: le jeune Michael Löwy entre socialisme et sociologie Bien que plus connu par sa trajectoire internationale brillant, notamment celle qui a commencé à la fin des années 1960 en France, Michael Löwy a fait les premiers pas de son parcours intellectuel à São Paulo dans la seconde moitié des années 1950, lorsqu’il a suivi le cours de Sciences Sociales à la Faculté de Philosophie de l’USP, alors située à la rue Maria Antônia. Le but de cet article est d’analyser l’importance de cette période pour la formation intellectuelle de Löwy, entre la fin des années 1950 et le milieu des années 1970. On cherche à analyser certains des fils conducteurs de cette période de la trajectoire intellectuelle de l’auteur, dès ses premières recherches sur le mouvement ouvrier au sein de la sociologie de São Paulo jusqu’à son travail plus théorique en France sur les œuvres de Marx, Lukacs et d’autres «intellectuels révolutionnaires». Mots-clés: Intellectuels. Sociologie. Socialisme. Cosmopolitisme. Engagement.
O MARXISMO LIBERTÁRIO DE MICHAEL LÖWY
Authors: Traverso Enzo
Published: August 2022

Neste ensaio, originalmente proferido como conferência, Enzo Traverso analisa algumas das linhas de força da trajetória intelectual de Michael Löwy, dos seus primeiros trabalhos sobre Marx, Lukács e Goldmann às suas reflexões mais recentes sobre Benjamin ou sobre o romantismo. Aplicando à análise do autor o mesmo método que ele utilizara para compreender os autores sobre os quais investigou, Traverso defende a hipótese de que, embora nascido no Brasil, Löwy pode ser visto como um “intelectual francês que combina e supera duas tradições que marcaram profundamente a história, a cultura e a política do século XX: a do judaísmo da Europa Central de antes da Schoah e a da esquerda latino-americana posterior à revolução cubana”.THE LIBERTARIAN MARXISM OF MICHAEL LÖWY In this essay, originally delivered as a conference, Enzo Traverso analyzes some of the strengths of Michael Löwy’s intellectual trajectory, from his early work son Marx, Lukacs, and Goldmann to his more recent reflection son Benjamin or on Romanticism. Applying to the author’s analysis the same method that he used to understand the authors he investigated, Traverso defends the hypothesis that, although born in Brazil, Löwy can be seen as a “French intellectual who combines and surpasses two traditions that marked deeply history, culture and politics of the twentieth century: that of Central European Judaism before Schoah and that of the Latin American left after the Cuban revolution.” Keywords: Intellectuals. Judaism. Central Europe. Latin America. Libertarian Marxism.LE MARXISME LIBERTAIRE DE MICHAEL LÖWYDans cet essai, à l’origine livré comme une conférence, Enzo Traverso analyse certains des fils conducteurs du parcours intellectuel de Michael Löwy, depuis ses premiers travaux sur Marx, Lukacs et Goldmann à ses réflexions plus récentes sur Benjamin ou sur le romantisme. Appliquant à l’analyse de l’auteur la même méthode qu’il avait utilisée pour comprendre les auteurs sur lesquels il a travaillé, Traverso soutient l’hypothèse selon laquelle, bien que né au Brésil, Löwy peut être considéré comme un “intellectuel français unissant et dépassant deux traditions qui ont profondément marqué l’histoire, la culture et la politique du XXe siècle: celle du judaïsme d’Europe centrale d’avant la Schoah et celle de la gauche latino-américaine d’après la révolution cubaine”. Mots-clés: Intellectuels. Judaïsme. Europe centrale. Amérique latine. Marxisme libertaire.
Framework for Clinical Trials in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (FINESSE)
Authors: Markus Hugh S. , van Der Flier Wiesje M. , Smith Eric E. , Bath Philip , Biessels Geert Jan , Briceno Emily , Brodtman Amy , Chabriat Hugues , Chen Christopher , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Egle Marco , Ganesh Aravind , Georgakis Marios K. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Kwon Sun , Launer Lenore , Mok Vincent , O’Brien John , Ottenhoff Lois , Pendlebury Sarah , Richard Edo , Sachdev Perminder , Schmidt Reinhold , Springer Melanie , Tiedt Stefan , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Verdelho Ana , Webb Alastair , Werring David , Duering Marco , Levine Deborah , Dichgans Martin
Published: August 2022

Importance

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes a quarter of strokes and is the most common pathology underlying vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. An important step to developing new treatments is better trial methodology. Disease mechanisms in SVD differ from other stroke etiologies; therefore, treatments need to be evaluated in cohorts in which SVD has been well characterized. Furthermore, SVD itself can be caused by a number of different pathologies, the most common of which are arteriosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. To date, there have been few sufficiently powered high-quality randomized clinical trials in SVD, and inconsistent trial methodology has made interpretation of some findings difficult.

Observations

To address these issues and develop guidelines for optimizing design of clinical trials in SVD, the Framework for Clinical Trials in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (FINESSE) was created under the auspices of the International Society of Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders. Experts in relevant aspects of SVD trial methodology were convened, and a structured Delphi consensus process was used to develop recommendations. Areas in which recommendations were developed included optimal choice of study populations, choice of clinical end points, use of brain imaging as a surrogate outcome measure, use of circulating biomarkers for participant selection and as surrogate markers, novel trial designs, and prioritization of therapeutic agents using genetic data via Mendelian randomization.

Conclusions and Relevance

The FINESSE provides recommendations for trial design in SVD for which there are currently few effective treatments. However, new insights into understanding disease pathogenesis, particularly from recent genetic studies, provide novel pathways that could be therapeutically targeted. In addition, whether other currently available cardiovascular interventions are specifically effective in SVD, as opposed to other subtypes of stroke, remains uncertain. FINESSE provides a framework for design of trials examining such therapeutic approaches.
3D Meniscus‐Guided Evaporative Assembly for Rapid Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Perovskite Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Kim Seongchan , Jo Sae Byeok , Yun Tae Keun , Lee Sol , Kim Kwanpyo , Choi Young Jin , Kang Joohoon , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: August 2022

Low‐dimensional nanostructures of halide perovskites have been receiving extensive research interest for their superior optical, electrical, and stability characteristics over their conventional bulk counterparts. In particular, the unique surficial characteristics of well‐defined 1D nanowires have shown high feasibility for high performance optoelectronic applications. The key aspect of endorsing this nanoscale form factor in practical applications lies in securing dimensional uniformity and controllability in large scales, which generally requires complicated lithographic procedures. In this work, a simple, rapid, and widely applicable strategy for the direct synthesis and printing of well‐aligned nanowire arrays on a large scale is demonstrated. By employing blade coating methods with sophisticatedly controlled stick‐slip motions, periodically resolved transverse 3D meniscus enables uniform directional growth of highly crystalline CsPbI3 nanowires without the need for templates. A systematic investigation of morphological evolutions with respect to kinetic processing variables is conducted, along with a comprehensive suite of structural and optical analyses for the synthesized nanowire arrays. A single nanowire photodetector is employed to demonstrate the superiority and applicability of the fabrication strategy. Finally, a 2D image recognition is demonstrated by using an array of photodetectors fabricated via a fast (<2 min) direct printing of nanowire arrays on wafers.
Endolysosomal cholesterol export: More than just NPC1
Authors: Lu Albert
Published: August 2022

NPC1 plays a central role in cholesterol egress from endolysosomes, a critical step for maintaining intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Despite recent advances in the field, the full repertoire of molecules and pathways involved in this process remains unknown. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of NPC1‐independent, alternative routes. These may involve vesicular and non‐vesicular mechanisms, as well as release of extracellular vesicles. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that bypass NPC1 function could have important implications for the development of therapies for lysosomal storage disorders. Here we discuss how cholesterol may be exported from lysosomes in which NPC1 function is impaired.
Design, development, and implementation of a simulation application for gifted students in robotics teaching
Authors: Tosunoğlu Ergin , Yildiz Durak Hatice
Published: August 2022

The fact that gifted students have different developmental characteristics compared with their peers makes it necessary to differentiate their educational activities. For this reason, different teaching programs and materials are needed to meet the learning needs of gifted students correctly. The purpose of this study is to design, develop, and implement a simulation‐based virtual application for gifted secondary school students to be used in robotics technologies education. The effects of the application on the academic achievement of the participants, satisfaction, self‐confidence, the development levels of the students, the importance of the design elements for the students, and the metacognitive awareness levels were examined. In addition, a qualitative analysis of participant views was made. The research was created with embedded research design, which is one of the mixed research methods. As a result of the research, the academic success of gifted students in robotics, their satisfaction with simulation programs, their self‐efficacy, the skills, and importance they attach to the use of simulation, and their metacognitive awareness levels showed positive development.
Impact of religious freedom rulings on higher ed will unfold over time
Authors: Porter Michael , Zangl Michael
Published: August 2022

The concluding weeks of a notable U.S. Supreme Court term included significant opinions involving religious rights that will require institutions of higher education to tread carefully when addressing issues involving religion.
Did court dismiss director's Title VII claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2022

Virginia Tech hired a Black woman as its Director of Upward Bound and Talent Search. A white woman eventually became her supervisor. The director received favorable performance reviews and raises during her time in the role. Her supervisor never disciplined or sanctioned her. Virginia Tech never demoted her, cut her pay, or adjusted her job duties.
Uxoricide by a schizophrenic patient with delusional misidentification syndromes: A case report
Authors: Bougatf Sameh , Hamdi Ghada
Published: August 2022

Delusional misidentification syndromes in psychiatric disorders might result in dangerous behavior leading sometimes to homicide. An early diagnosis and thorough follow up is important to avoid such consequences.