bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDUCED AND LOGARITHMIC DISTANCES WITH MULTI-REGION AGGREGATION OPERATORS
Authors: Alfaro-García Víctor G. , Merigó José M. , Plata-Pérez Leobardo , Alfaro-Calderón Gerardo G. , Gil-Lafuente Anna M.
Published: April 2019

This paper introduces the induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging IOWLAD and multiregion induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging MR-IOWLAD operators. The distinctive characteristic of these operators lies in the notion of distance measures combined with the complex reordering mechanism of inducing variables and the properties of the logarithmic averaging operators. The main advantage of MR-IOWLAD operators is their design, which is specifically thought to aid in decision-making when a set of diverse regions with different properties must be considered. Moreover, the induced weighting vector and the distance measure mechanisms of the operator allow for the wider modeling of problems, including heterogeneous information and the complex attitudinal character of experts, when aiming for an ideal scenario. Along with analyzing the main properties of the IOWLAD operators, their families and specific cases, we also introduce some extensions, such as the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging IGOWLAD operator and Choquet integrals. We present the induced Choquet logarithmic distance averaging ICLD operator and the generalized induced Choquet logarithmic distance averaging IGCLD operator. Finally, an illustrative example is proposed, including real-world information retrieved from the United Nations World Statistics for global regions.
A Data-driven Technique for Measuring Stellar Rotation
Authors: Gilhool Steven H. , Blake Cullen H.
Published: April 2019

Measuring stellar rotational velocities is a powerful way to probe the many astrophysical phenomena that drive, or are driven by, the evolution of stellar angular momentum. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven approach to measuring the projected rotational velocity,

v

sin

i

. Rather than directly measuring the broadening of spectral lines, we leverage the large information content of high-resolution spectral data to empirically estimate

v

sin

i

. We adapt the framework laid down by The Cannon, which trains a generative model of the stellar flux as a function of wavelength using high-fidelity reference data, and can then produce estimates of stellar parameters and abundances for other stars directly from their spectra. Instead of modeling the flux as a function of wavelength, however, we model the first derivative of the spectra, as we expect the slopes of spectral lines to change as a function of

v

sin

i

. This technique is computationally efficient and provides a means of rapidly estimating

v

sin

i

for large numbers of stars in spectroscopic survey data. We analyze Sloan Digital Sky Survey Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, constructing a model informed by high-fidelity stellar parameter estimates derived from high-resolution California Kepler Survey spectra of the same stars. We use the model to estimate

v

sin

i

up to 15

km

s

−
1

for 27,000 APOGEE spectra, in fractions of a second per spectrum. Our estimates agree with the APOGEE

v

sin

i

estimates to within 1.2

km

s

−
1

.
Shock Waves and Energy Dissipation in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Authors: Park Junseong , Ryu Dongsu
Published: April 2019

Shock waves play an important role in turbulent astrophysical media by compressing the gas and dissipating the turbulent energy into the thermal energy. Here, we study shocks in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence using high-resolution simulations. Turbulent Mach numbers of

and initial magnetic fields of plasma beta β
0 = 0.1–10 are considered, targeting turbulences in interstellar and intracluster media. Specifically, we present the statistics of fast and slow shocks, such as the distribution of shock Mach numbers (M
s) and the energy dissipation at shocks, based on refined methodologies for their quantifications. While most shocks form with low M
s, strong shocks follow exponentially decreasing distributions of M
s. More shocks appear for larger

and larger β
0. Fast shock populations dominate over slow shocks if β
0 ≫ 1, but substantial populations of slow shocks develop in the cases of β ≲ 1, i.e., strong background fields. The shock dissipation of turbulent energy occurs preferentially at fast shocks with M
s ≲ of a few to several, and the dissipation at strong shocks shows exponentially decreasing functions of M
s. The energy dissipation at shocks, normalized to the energy injection, ϵ
shock/ϵ
inj, is estimated to be in the range of ∼0.1–0.5, except for the case of

and β
0 = 0.1, where the shock dissipation is negligible. The fraction decreases with

it is close to ∼0.4–0.6 for

, while it is ∼0.1–0.25 for

. The rest of the turbulent energy is expected to dissipate through the turbulent cascade. Our work will add insights into the interpretations of physical processes in turbulent interstellar and intracluster media.
Processamento de fishburguer utilizando subprodutos da filetagem de tilápia: Caracterização físico-química, análise do congelamento e avaliação da vida de prateleira
Authors: Muzzolon Eloiza , Biassi Deise Caroline , Konopka Danieli Natali , De Oliveira Jaqueline , Poliseli-Scopel Fábio Henrique , Molardi Bainy Eduarda
Published: April 2019

O presente trabalho objetivou elaborar e caracterizar físico-quimicamente fishburguer à base de polpa de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), além de analisar o processo de congelamento e avaliar o shelf life do produto final. Elaborou-se fishburguer utilizando subprodutos da filetagem da tilápia, como a carne mecanicamente separada de carcaça (CMS-C) e das aparas do corte em “V” (CMS-V). Realizaram-se análises da composição centesimal, rendimento na cocção (%RC) e de textura do produto final. A temperatura inicial de congelamento (Tf) e os parâmetros de congelamento foram determinados a partir das curvas de congelamento. Por fim, o shelf life do fishburguer durante 15 semanas de armazenamento congelado foi estudado. O fishburguer apresentou alto conteúdo de umidade (73,3 ± 0,2) %, proteínas (13,7 ± 0,2) % e baixo teor de lipídios (6,7 ± 0,5) %. O %RC foi de aproximadamente 80 % devido à baixa capacidade de retenção de água (alto %EW). O produto atingiu a Tf de ‑2,2 ± 0,2 ºC em 20,7 ± 6,6 min, com perfil de congelamento lento. Os tempos e as velocidades de congelamento nos intervalos de 0 a -5 ºC (zona crítica) e 0 a ‑18 ºC (congelamento completo) apresentaram diferença significativa. Não ocorreram alterações significativas nos parâmetros de qualidade analisados durante o armazenamento congelado, exceto para redução da contagem microbiana final e a mudança da coloração do fishburguer cru, que se tornou mais amarelada e menos avermelhada, a partir da sexta semana.
Postharvest conservation of fresh and minimally processed ‘Dekopon’ tangerine in different temperatures and storage times
Authors: Reis Luzia Caroline Ramos dos , Ferreira Ester Alice , Elias Heloisa Helena Siqueira , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valerio , Rios Alessandro De Oliveira
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of refrigeration and the storage time of fresh and minimally processed tangerine 'Dekopon' seeking to increase its useful life for marketing. In experiment 1, the harvested fruit were stored in temperatures of 4, 8 and 12 °C and analyzed in 0, 5 and 10 days. In experiment 2, the fruit were minimally processed and storage at temperatures of 4, 8 and 12 °C and analyzed 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The analysis of the evaluated data were weight loss, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio TSS:TA, Vitamin C and color parameters. The results for experiment 1 showed that in general, day 0 presented higher values of physicochemical parameters and day 5 at 8 °C presented higher concentration of vitamin C. For experiment 2, in the minimally processed fruit, day 3 demonstrated more retention of physicochemical parameters, except for mass loss and day 12 at 4 °C resulted in a higher content of vitamin C.
Anti-genotoxic and anti-mutagenic activity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as assessed by in vitro tests
Authors: Janosch D. , Dubbert S. , Eiteljörge K. , Diehl B.W.K. , Sonnenborn U. , Passchier L.V. , Wassenaar T.M. , von Bünau R.
Published: April 2019

Anti-genotoxic or anti-mutagenic activity has been described for a number of Gram-positive probiotic bacterial species. Here we present evidence that Gram-negative Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) also displays anti-genotoxic/anti-mutagenic activity, as assessed in vitro by the Comet Assay and the Ames Test, respectively. This activity was demonstrated by use of the mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and benzo(a) pyrene (B[a]P). For both assays and all three test agents the anti-genotoxic/anti-mutagenic activity of EcN was shown to be concentration dependent. By the use of extracts of bacteria that were inactivated by various procedures (heat treatment, ultrasound sonication or ultraviolet light irradiation), mechanistic explanations could be put forward. The proposed mechanisms were enforced by treating the bacterial material with proteinase K prior to testing. The mutagen H2O2 is most likely inactivated by enzymic activity, with catalase a likely candidate, while several explanations can be put forward for inactivation of B[a]P. NQO is most likely inactivated by metabolising enzymes, since the formation of the metabolite 4-aminoquinoline could be demonstrated. In conclusion, the in vitro results presented here make a strong case for antimutagenic properties of EcN.
Bienestar social: un objetivo compartido. Sobre la alianza entre los derechos humanos y el trabajo social
Authors: Cubillos-Vega Carla
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se analiza la relación histórica que existe entre los derechos humanos y el desarrollo del trabajo social, abordando las implicaciones que tiene el enfoque de los derechos en la profesión y su papel en la defensa y promoción de los derechos humanos. Para ello, se utiliza como método la revisión y discusión de la bibliografía científica -en los ámbitos de la teoría de los derechos humanos y de la historia del trabajo social- y de las recientes investigaciones que evidencian la aplicación de este enfoque en la intervención social contemporánea en el ámbito internacional. Este análisis permite ofrecer una serie de motivos para incorporar un enfoque crítico de los derechos en la intervención social, así como reafirmar la alianza que existe entre el trabajo social y los derechos humanos en torno a un objetivo común: la promoción del bienestar social.
Contribución al conocimiento de los murciélagos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) del Parque Natural de Penyagolosa (provincia de Castellón)
Authors: Albesa Joaquín , Ros Jacques
Published: April 2019

Se exponen los principales resultados obtenidos en los muestreos efectuados en agosto de 2004 en el Parque Natural de Penyagolosa. La comunidad de quirópteros del Parque Natural está integrada por al menos 14 especies. Diez de ellas fueron localizadas en los muestreos, siendo ocho nuevas citas tras ellos. La revisión de la bibliografía e informes técnicos más recientes permiten añadir las restantes cuatro especies. De entre las especies localizadas en los muestreos, destacan las forestales Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758) y Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774); las fisurícolas Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) y Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774) y la cavernícola Myotis escalerai Cabrera, 1904. Plecotus auritus y Pipistrellus pipistrellus son las especies mayormente localizadas en consonancia, en la primera de ellas, con el carácter netamente forestal del Parque Natural y, en la segunda, con su carácter generalista y por ello ser la especie más abundante en el interior de la Comunidad Valenciana. La información obtenida sobre P. auritus y B. barbastellus confirma la presencia de poblaciones en un contexto de elevado valor biogeográfico al tratarse, en la primera de las especies, de una población situada en el límite meridional de su área de distribución y, en la segunda de ellas, al ser una especie con una distribución restringida a determinados ambientes forestales del interior.
Transient Heat and Reactant Consumption Investigation in a Cylindrical Pipe of Variable Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Lebelo Ramoshweu Solomon
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the transfer of heat with reactant (oxygen) consumption in a stockpile of reactive material. A reactive material is any carbon or hydrocarbon containing component in a stockpile that readily reacts with the oxygen due to exothermic chemical reaction, where self-ignition may take place if heat generation rate during the combustion process within the stockpile, may exceed the rate of heat release to the surrounding environment. The study is modeled in a long cylindrical pipe whose material thermal conductivity varies with the temperature at a given time. The heat and mass transfer partial differential equations governing the problem were solved numerically using the finite difference method (FDM). Kinetic parameters embedded within the reaction system were analyzed to understand their effects on the temperature and the reactant consumption process. The results shew that the parameters that influence the increase in temperature, increase also the consumption rate of the reactant.
Numerical Investigation of Coupled Surface Radiation and Natural Convection in a Triangular Shaped Roof (Gabel Roof) under Winter Conditions
Authors: Amrani Abdel Illah , Dihmani Nadia , Amraqui Samir , Mezrhab Ahmed
Published: April 2019

In the building, roof is a major element contributing to the space thermal load. Due to its importance, this component has been widely studies in the literature and under various climatic conditions. In this paper, a numerical study was carried out for the coupling of natural convection and surface radiation heat transfer in a triangular shaped roof with eave (Gabel roof) for cold climates. The numerical solution is obtained using a finite volume method based on the SIMPLER algorithm for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. Concerning the radiation exchange, the working fluid (air) is assumed to be transparent, so only the solid surfaces (assumed diffuse-grey) give a contribute to such exchange. Governing parameters on heat transfer and flow fields are Rayleigh number (Ra), aspect ratio (A) and eave lengths (e*). Numerical results are obtained to display the isotherms, streamlines and the heat transfer rate in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers. We found that the production of several circular cells is proportional to the decrease of aspect ratio and the increase of Rayleigh number. In addition, the heat transfer is much more pronounced in the presence of thermal radiation.
Effects of Heat and Mass Flux Conditions on Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Casson Fluid over a Curved Stretching Surface
Authors: Murthy M. Krishna
Published: April 2019

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Casson fluid over a curved stretching surface with the effects of heat and mass flux conditions are studied. Casson fluid is one of the non-Newtonian fluid. Human blood is taken as example of Casson fluid. The flow, heat transfer and the mass transfer characteristics are found by a curved stretching sheet with flux conditions. The governing partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential using similarity transformations and are solved using the Runge-Kutta Fourth order method along with shooting technique. The effects of pertinent governing parameters on the fluid velocity, the temperature and the concentration are shown with help of the graphs. The Skin frication coefficient and the Nusselt number are calculated numerically. The present results have been good agreement when compared with existing results under some special cases.
75As NMR Studies of Magnetic Properties of the Magnetic Superconductor CaK(Fe0.967Ni0.033)4As4
Authors: Ding Qing Ping , Meier William R. , Böhmer Anna E. , Budk'o Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C. , Furukawa Yuji
Published: April 2019

We have carried out75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to investigate a new antiferromagnetic (AFM) state, the so-called hedgehog spin-vortex crystal (SVC) in CaK(Fe0.967Ni0.033)4As4. The hedgehog SVC order is clearly demonstrated by the direct observation of internal magnetic induction along the c axis at the As1 site (close to K) and a zero net internal magnetic induction at the As2 site (close to Ca) below an AFM ordering temperature of TN~ 45 K. In the superconducting (SC) state, the NMR signal intensity decreases suddenly just below Tc~ 20 K due to Meissner effect, evidencing the coexistence of the hedgehog SVC AFM and SC states from a microscopic point of view.
Magnetic, Magnetocaloric and Magnetoresonance Properties of (1-x)La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/xGeO2 (x=0, 0.15)
Authors: Gavrilova Tatiana , Gilmutdinov Ildar , Yatsyk Ivan , Chupakhina Tatiana , Deeva Julia , Lyadov Nikolay M. , Fazlizhanov Ilshat , Shestakov Alexey , Shustov Vladimir , Kabirov Yurii , Eremina Rushana
Published: April 2019

0.85La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/0.15GeO2composite material and pure La0.7Sr0.3MnO3were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetometry and magnetic resonance methods. It was observed that both samples demonstrate the ferromagnetic properties, while the absolute value of the magnetization, the magnetic entropy change and the magnetic ordering temperature decrease in composite in comparison with pure La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. The magnetic resonance spectra of investigated (1-x)La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/xGeO2(x=0, 0.15) can be attributed to the superposition of magnetic resonance spectra from magnetically anisotropic particles with different orientations.
Structural Evolution in the Systems TAl3-xGex (T = Zr, Hf)
Authors: Maryskevych Danylo , Tokaychuk Yaroslav O. , Gladyshevskii Roman E.
Published: April 2019

The crystal structures of the binary compounds ZrAl3 and HfAl3 at 600°C belong to the structure type ZrAl3 (Pearson symbol tI16, space group I4/mmm, a = 4.00930(11), c = 17.2718(7) Å for ZrAl3 and a = 3.9849(3), c = 17.1443(15) Å for HfAl3). Substitution of Ge atoms for Al atoms in ZrAl3 and HfAl3 led to the formation of the ternary compounds ZrAl2.52(1)Ge0.48(1) and HfAl2.40(1)Ge0.60(1), respectively, where the latter is probably part of a solid solution extending from the high-temperature modification of HfAl3. The crystal structures belong to the tetragonal structure type ht-TiAl3 (tI8, I4/mmm, a = 3.92395(11), c = 9.0476(4) Å for ZrAl2.52Ge0.48 and a = 3.9021(2), c = 8.9549(8) Å for HfAl2.40Ge0.60). The structure types ZrAl3 and ht-TiAl3 are both members of the family of close-packed structures.
Comparison of non-invasive methods of assessing liver fibrosis in combination ART-experienced Zimbabweans
Authors: Nherera Brenda , Mhandire Kudakwashe , Nyazika Tinashe K. , Makura Alfred , Musarurwa Cuthbert , Mapondera Prichard T. , Stray-Pedersen Babill , Matarira Hilda T.
Published: April 2019

Background: The prevalence of morbidity and mortality associated with liver disease among HIV-infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is high. Early screening of liver disease is essential, as it provides an opportunity for successful treatment. Hence, there is a need for reliable, inexpensive and non-invasive early markers of hepatic damage.Objectives: Non-invasive algorithms are available for assessing the extent of liver fibrosis as markers of ongoing inflammatory damage. This study compared the use of the FibroTest, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, APRI test and AST:ALT ratio in assessing liver fibrosis in combination ART-experienced individuals.Methods: In a comparative cross-sectional study, 79 participants between the ages of 8 and 62 years were recruited. The performance of each fibrosis algorithm was determined using established cut-off scores for clinically significant liver fibrosis.Results: The prevalence of liver fibrosis as determined by the FibroTest, FIB-4 index, APRI test and AST: ALT ratio were 19.0%, 21.5%, 12.7% and 79.7%, respectively. For individual biomarkers, A-2M concentration (p < 0.001) and AST activity (p = 0.003) remained significantly elevated in participants with fibrosis than those without as defined by FibroTest and APRI test, respectively, after adjustments for multiple comparisons.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a high prevalence of asymptomatic liver fibrosis among combination ART-experienced individuals in Zimbabwe, and this warrants adequate monitoring of liver fibrosis in individuals on ART. Discordance of fibrosis results among the algorithms and individual biomarkers and calls for further work in identifying optimal biomarkers for detection of asymptomatic fibrosis.Keywords: Liver fibrosis; Non-invasive methods; Biomarkers; Combination anti-retroviral therapy; Zimbabwe.
Epidural analgesia for percutaneous kyphoplasty in a patient with multiple medical comorbidities
Authors: Alfahel Waseem S , Dabbous Alia S , Thompson Mark E
Published: April 2019

Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure intended to stabilize the fractured bone and restore bone height. It involves percutaneous introduction of an inflatable bone tamp into a fractured vertebral body, followed by injection of bone cement into the ballooned pocket. Anesthetic options typically considered for this procedure include intravenous sedation or general anesthesia. These patients are often elderly, frail, in significant pain, and may poorly tolerate sedation or general anesthesia in the prone position. Spinal anesthesia has been suggested as an alternative method. However, it has major limitations. We would like to report a case of a 79-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities, who presented for kyphoplasty, where epidural anesthesia was conducted and successfully provided adequate analgesia as well as optimal surgical conditions.

Key messages:

Epidural anesthesia can provide successful operating conditions for kyphoplasty.

General anesthesia need not be a default technique in medically complex patients.

There may be many other procedures where regional techniques may provide surgical anesthesia.
Minimal energy solutions to the fractional Lane–Emden system: Existence and singularity formation
Authors: Choi Woocheol , Kim Seunghyeok
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we study asymptotic behavior of minimal energy solutions to the fractional Lane–Emden system in a smooth bounded domain

\Omega

(-\Delta)^s u = v^p, \ (-\Delta)^s v = u^q, \ u, v > 0 \text{ in } \Omega \quad \text{and} \quad u = v = 0 \text{ on } \partial \Omega

for

0 < s < 1

under the assumption that

(-\Delta)^s

is the spectral fractional Laplacian and the subcritical pair

(p,q)

approaches to the critical Sobolev hyperbola. If

p = 1

, the above problem is reduced to the subcritical higher-order fractional Lane–Emden equation with the Navier boundary condition

(-\Delta)^s u = u^{\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}-\epsilon}, \ u > 0 \text{ in } \Omega \quad \text{and} \quad u = (-\Delta)^{s /2} u = 0~\text{on}~\partial \Omega

for

1 < s < 2

. The main objective of this paper is to deduce the existence of minimal energy solutions, and to examine their (normalized) pointwise limits provided that

\Omega

is convex, generalizing the work of Guerra that studied the corresponding results in the local case

s = 1

. As a by-product of our study, a new approach for the existence of an extremal function for the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality is provided.
From Gaussian estimates for nonlinear evolution equations to the long time behavior of branching processes
Authors: Beznea Lucian , Ignat Liviu I. , Rossi Julio D.
Published: April 2019

We study solutions to the evolution equation

u_t=\Delta u-u +\sum _{k\geqslant 1} q_k u^k

,

t > 0

, in

{\mathbb R}^d

. Here the coefficients

q_k\geqslant 0

satisfy

\sum_{k\geqslant 1}q_k=1 < \sum_{k\geqslant 1}k q_k < \infty

. First, we deal with existence, uniqueness, and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as

t\to +\infty

. We then deduce results on the long time behavior of the associated branching process, with state space the set of all finite configurations of

{\mathbb R}^d

. It turns out that the distribution of the branching process behaves when the time tends to infinity like that of the Brownian motion on the set of all finite configurations of

{\mathbb R}^d

. However, due to the lack of conservation of the total mass of the initial non linear equation, a deformation with a multiplicative coefficient occurs. Finally, we establish asymptotic properties of the occupation time of this branching process.
On the local monodromy of $A$-hypergeometric functions and some monodromy invariant subspaces
Authors: Fernández-Fernández María-Cruz
Published: April 2019

We obtain an explicit formula for the characteristic polynomial of the local monodromy of

A

-hypergeometric functions with respect to small loops around a coordinate hyperplane

x_i = 0

. This formula is similar to the one obtained by Ando, Esterov and Takeuchi for the local monodromy at infinity. Our proof is combinatorial and can be adapted to provide an alternative proof for the latter formula as well. On the other hand, we also prove that the solution space at a nonsingular point of certain irregular and irreducible

A

-hypergeometric

D

-modules has a nontrivial global monodromy invariant subspace.
La mano del creador en la obra de Le Corbusier
Authors: Granero Martín Francisco
Published: April 2019

Se plantea la relación mano-arquitectura en alusiones a la obra artística-arquitectónica de Le Corbusier, desde pequeños dibujos en el poema del ángulo recto al valor otorgado como monumento, en la equivalencia del ojo-dibujo de arquitectura. Establecimientos de la relaciones de órganos-sentidos con esencias, y como refiere Pallasmaa (2012),  la mano no solo como ejecutor fiel y pasivo de las intenciones del cerebro, sino con la intencionalidad y habilidades propias en los procesos del pensamiento y como motivo de la producción del arte y la arquitectura. La mano abierta significa una imagen clave en la obra de Le Corbusier cuya importancia creció itinerariamente desde el proyecto de monumento a Vaillant-Couturier hasta el citado de Chandigarh, y mediante la infinidad de dibujos y pinturas.
Dibujar a ciegas. Cartografias del espacio oculto en la Catedral de Sevilla
Authors: García García Tomás , Montero Fernández Francisco J.
Published: April 2019

¿Cómo dibujar el espacio cuando no lo vemos? Este ensayo propone al lector una experiencia: cierren los ojos para ver mejor, intenten dibujar aquello que ahora no vemos. Dibujar a ciegas supone una estimulación creativa sobrecogedora, el cuerpo se convierte en herramienta, en bastón que nos guía en el intento. A ciegas, el tacto, el oído o el olfato se convierten en formas de percepción más objetivas y científicas que la propia vista. Resulta fascinante tratar de dibujar un plano de aquello que no se ha visto pero sí olido o tocado. Usando como referencia la familia de grabados realizados por Pablo Picasso sobre el minotauro y la ceguera, nos adentraremos en un mundo oculto y desconocido, aletargado en las entrañas de la Catedral de Sevilla, con la difícil tarea de intentar cartografiarlo. Extraños dibujos que emergen de la oscuridad, en los que la base no es la luz sino su ausencia. Estas cartografías ciegas sugieren más que representan, proponen una acción, favorecen la interacción del lector con ellas. Al abrir el dibujo una sombra reveladora se desparrama sobre nuestra mesa.
In praise of colour in the representation of the four Imperial Cities of Morocco
Authors: Chiavoni Emanuela
Published: April 2019

Se presenta una experiencia que se realizó mediante el dibujo, dirigida al conocimiento del patrimonio cultural de las cuatro ciudades imperiales de Marruecos. Una especie de Grand Tour de estudio que tuvo lugar entre Marrakech, Essaouira, Fès y Meknès en el que participaron artistas, pintores y arquitectos italianos y españoles acompañados por el maestro Pedro Cano 1. La investigación, orientada a la lectura crítica de los aspectos materiales y inmateriales de los sitios visitados, ha llevado a la interpretación de la identidad social, arquitectónica y urbana de los diferentes lugares, creando un diario de viajes a través de ilustraciones y dibujos. El tema se centró en la percepción inédita del espacio, las necesidades del alma y el complejo entramado entre arquitectura y cuerpo. La construcción de imágenes emocionales de hecho permite reflexionar mejor sobre la complexidad del patrimonio arquitectónico y urbano y pensar de forma más lúcida en su protección y mejora.
Representando el tiempo: polivalencia espacial en las viviendas Diagoon y Centraal Beheer
Authors: Grijalba Bengoetxea Alberto , Merino del Río Rebeca , Grijalba Bengoetxea Julio
Published: April 2019

A finales de la década de los sesenta, Herman Hertzberger trabaja en dos proyectos que, si bien poseen naturalezas distintas, se guían por el mismo principio estructurante: la polivalencia espacial. Este concepto, característico del imaginario de Hertzberger, se nutre a nivel teórico y gráfico de las investigaciones publicadas en Forum años antes. Tanto en las viviendas experimentales tipo Diagoon en Delft, como en el edificio de oficinas Centraal Beheer en Apeldoorn, Hertzberger presenta la polivalencia como la solución arquitectónica que permite soportar el cambio y el crecimiento característicos de sociedad de masas. A través de un análisis de distintos croquis inéditos, que datan de finales de los sesenta, y se refieren a las primeras fases del diseño de ambos proyectos, se pretende desvelar el mecanismo gráfico empleado por Hertzberger en el diseño de formas polivalentes, prestando especial atención al factor tiempo, por su papel fundamental en su definición y representación.
Lidar measurements of thin laminations within Arctic clouds
Authors: McCullough Emily M. , Drummond James R. , Duck Thomas J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Very thin ( < 10 m) laminations within Arctic clouds have been observed in all seasons using the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar (CRL) at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; located at Eureka, Nunavut, in the Canadian High Arctic). CRL's time (1 min) and altitude (7.5 m) resolutions from 500 m to greater than 12 km altitude make these measurements possible. We have observed a variety of thicknesses for individual laminations, with some at least as thin as the detection limit of the lidar (7.5 m). The clouds which contain the laminated features are typically found below 4 km, can last longer than 24 h, and occur most frequently during periods of snow and rain, often during very stable temperature inversion conditions. Results are presented for range-scaled photocounts at 532 and 355 nm, ratios of 532∕355 nm photocounts, and the 532 nm linear depolarization parameter, and with context provided by twice-daily Eureka radiosonde temperature and relative humidity profiles.
Analysis of atmospheric CH4 in Canadian Arctic and estimation of the regional CH4 fluxes
Authors: Ishizawa Misa , Chan Douglas , Worthy Doug , Chan Elton , Vogel Felix , Maksyutov Shamil
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The Canadian Arctic (> 60∘ N,
60–141∘ W) may undergo drastic changes if the Arctic warming trend
continues. For methane (CH4), Arctic reservoirs are large and
widespread, and the climate feedbacks from such changes may be potentially
substantial. Current bottom-up and top-down estimates of the regional
CH4 flux range widely. This study analyzes the recent observations
of atmospheric CH4 from five arctic monitoring sites and presents
estimates of the regional CH4 fluxes for 2012–2015. The
observational data reveal sizeable synoptic summertime enhancements in the
atmospheric CH4 that are distinguishable from background
variations, which indicate strong regional fluxes (primarily wetland and
biomass burning CH4 emissions) around Behchoko and Inuvik in the
western Canadian Arctic. Three regional Bayesian inversion modelling systems
with two Lagrangian particle dispersion models and three meteorological
datasets are applied to estimate fluxes for the Canadian Arctic and show
relatively robust results in amplitude and temporal variations across
different transport models, prior fluxes, and subregion masking. The
estimated mean total CH4 flux for the entire Canadian Arctic is
1.8±0.6 Tg CH4 yr−1. The flux estimate is partitioned
into biomass burning of 0.3±0.1 Tg CH4 yr−1 and the
remaining natural (wetland) flux of 1.5±0.5 Tg CH4 yr−1. The summer natural CH4 flux
estimates clearly show inter-annual variability that is positively correlated
with surface temperature anomalies. The results indicate that years with
warmer summer conditions result in more wetland CH4 emissions. More
data and analysis are required to statistically characterize the dependence
of regional CH4 fluxes on the climate in the Arctic. These Arctic
measurement sites will aid in quantifying the inter-annual variations and
long-term trends in CH4 emissions in the Canadian Arctic.
On the fine vertical structure of the low troposphere over the coastal margins of East Antarctica
Authors: Vignon Étienne , Traullé Olivier , Berne Alexis
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this study, 8 years of high-resolution radiosonde data at nine Antarctic
stations are analysed to provide the first large-scale characterization of
the fine vertical structure of the low troposphere up to 3 km altitude over
the coastal margins of East Antarctica. Radiosonde data show a large spatial
variability of wind, temperature and humidity profiles, with different
features between stations in katabatic regions (e.g., Dumont d'Urville and
Mawson stations), stations over two ice shelves (Neumayer and Halley
stations) and regions with complex orography (e.g., McMurdo). At the Dumont
d'Urville, Mawson and Davis stations, the yearly median wind speed profiles
exhibit a clear low-level katabatic jet. During precipitation events, the
low-level flow generally remains of continental origin and its speed is even
reinforced due to the increase in the continent–ocean pressure gradient.
Meanwhile, the relative humidity profiles show a dry low troposphere,
suggesting the occurrence of low-level sublimation of precipitation in
katabatic regions but such a phenomenon does not appreciably occur over the
ice shelves near Halley and Neumayer. Although ERA-Interim and ERA5
reanalyses assimilate radiosoundings at most stations considered here,
substantial – and sometimes large – low-level wind and humidity biases are
revealed but ERA5 shows overall better performance. A free simulation with
the regional polar version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model
(Polar WRF) (at a 35 km resolution) over the entire continent shows
too-strong and too-shallow near-surface jets in katabatic regions especially
in winter. This may be a consequence of an underestimated coastal cold air
bump and associated sea–continent pressure gradient force due to the coarse
35 km resolution of the Polar WRF simulation. Beyond documenting the
vertical structure of the low troposphere over coastal East Antarctica, this
study gives insights into the reliability and accuracy of two major
reanalysis products in this region on the Earth. The paper further underlines
the difficulty of modeling the low-level flow over the margins of the ice
sheet with a state-of-the-art atmospheric model.
A new description of probability density distributions of polar mesospheric clouds
Authors: Berger Uwe , Baumgarten Gerd , Fiedler Jens , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this paper we present a new description of statistical probability density functions
(pdfs) of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). The analysis is based on observations of
maximum backscatter, ice mass density, ice particle radius, and number density of ice
particles measured by the ALOMAR Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar for all PMC seasons from 2002
to 2016. From this data set we derive a new class of pdfs that describe the statistics of
PMC events that is different from previous statistical methods using the approach of an
exponential distribution commonly named the g distribution. The new analysis describes
successfully the probability distributions of ALOMAR lidar data. It turns out that the
former g-function description is a special case of our new approach. In general the new statistical function can be
applied to many kinds of different PMC parameters, e.g., maximum backscatter, integrated
backscatter, ice mass density, ice water content, ice particle radius, ice particle
number density, or albedo measured by satellites. As a main advantage the new method
allows us to connect different observational PMC distributions of lidar and satellite
data, and also to compare with distributions from ice model studies. In particular, the
statistical distributions of different ice parameters can be compared with each other on
the basis of a common assessment that facilitates, for example, trend analysis of PMC.
Drier spring over the US Southwest as an important precursor of summer droughts over the US Great Plains
Authors: Erfanian Amir , Fu Rong
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study addresses the role of atmospheric moisture budget in determining the onset and development of the summer droughts over the North American Great Plains (GP) using two state-of-the-art reanalysis datasets. We identified zonal moisture advection as the major cause of the severe tropospheric drying during the extreme droughts of southern GP 2011 and northern GP 2012. For both events, an eastward advection of anomalously dry and warm air in the free troposphere in spring sets the stage for the summer drought, leading to a sharp drop of relative humidity above the boundary layer, enhancing dry entrainment, and suppressing deep convection. Further breakdown of the zonal advection into the dynamic (caused by circulation anomalies) versus thermodynamic (caused by moisture anomalies) contributions revealed dominance of the thermodynamic advection in the tropospheric drying observed during the onset of both 2011 and 2012 droughts. The dependence of thermodynamic advection on moisture gradient links the spring precipitation in the Rockies and southwestern US, the source region of the anomalous dry advection, to the GP summer precipitation (with correlations > 0.4 using gauged-based data). The results of this study improve our predictive understanding of summer drought onset mechanisms over the GP.
Estimation of Coarse Woody Debris Stocks in Intact and Degraded Forests in the Brazilian Amazon Using Airborne Lidar
Authors: Scaranello Marcos A. S. , Keller Michael , Longo Marcos , dos-Santos Maiza N. , Leitold Veronika , Morton Douglas C. , Pinagé Ekena R. , Espírito-Santo Fernando D. B.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Coarse dead wood is an important component of forest carbon stocks, but it is rarely measured in Amazon forests and is typically excluded from regional forest carbon budgets. Our study is based on line intercept sampling for fallen coarse dead wood conducted along 103 transects with a total length of 48 km matched with forest inventory plots where standing coarse dead wood was measured in the footprints of larger areas of airborne lidar acquisitions. We developed models to relate lidar metrics and Landsat time series variables to coarse dead wood stocks for intact, logged, and burned or logged and burned forests. Canopy characteristics such as gap area produced significant individual relations for logged forests. For total fallen plus standing coarse dead wood (hereafter defined as total coarse dead wood), the relative root mean square error for models with only lidar metrics ranged from 33 % in logged forest to up to 36 % in burned forests. The addition of historical information improved model performance slightly for intact forests (31 % against 35 % relative root mean square error), not justifying the use of number of disturbances events from historical satellite images (Landsat) with airborne lidar data. Lidar-derived estimates of total coarse dead wood compared favorably to independent ground-based sampling for areas up to several hundred hectares. The relations found between total coarse dead wood and structural variables derived from airborne lidar highlight the opportunity to quantify this important, but rarely measured component of forest carbon over large areas in tropical forests.
A new age model for the Pliocene of the Southern North Sea Basin: evidence for asynchronous shifts of marine and terrestrial climate
Authors: Dearing Crampton-Flood Emily , Noorbergen Lars J. , Smits Damian , Boschman R. Christine , Donders Timme H. , Munsterman Dirk K. , ten Veen Johan , Peterse Francien , Lourens Lucas , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, 3254–3025 ka) represents the most recent interval in Earth's history where atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to today. The reconstruction of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and modeling studies have shown that global temperatures were 2–4 °C warmer than present. However, detailed reconstructions of marginal seas and/or coastal zones that enable linking climate evolution in the marine realm to that on the continents are lacking. This is in part due to the absence of precise age models for coastal zones, as they are generally dynamic systems with varying sediment and fresh water inputs. Here, we present a multi-proxy record of Pliocene climate change in the coastal Southern North Sea Basin (SNSB) based on the sedimentary record from borehole Hank, the Netherlands. The marginal marine setting of the Hank borehole during the late Pliocene provides an excellent opportunity to correlate marine and terrestrial signals, due to continental sediment input mainly from the proto-Rhine-Meuse river. We improve the existing low-resolution palynology-based age model for the Hank borehole using oxygen stable isotope measurements (δ18O) of the endobenthic foraminifera species Cassidulina laevigata, integrated with biochrono- and seismostratigraphy. Identification of hiatuses and freshwater effects in the record allows us to accurately isolate glacial-interglacial climate signals that can be linked to a reference global benthic δ18O stack. In tandem with the biostratigraphic age control this results in an age framework for the SNSB for the Late Pliocene (~ 3200–2800 ka). Our multi-proxy reconstruction for the mPWP shows a strong agreement between lipid biomarker and palynology-based terrestrial temperature proxies, which suggest a stable climate, 1–2 °C warmer than present. In the marine realm, however, biomarker-based SSTs show a large range of variation (10 °C). Nevertheless, the fluctuation is comparable to other SST records from the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, suggesting that a common factor, most likely variations in the North Atlantic Current, exerted a strong influence over SSTs in the North Atlantic at this time.
Saharan dust events in the European Alps: role in snowmelt and geochemical characterization
Authors: Di Mauro Biagio , Garzonio Roberto , Rossini Micol , Filippa Gianluca , Pogliotti Paolo , Galvagno Marta , Morra di Cella Umberto , Migliavacca Mirco , Baccolo Giovanni , Clemenza Massimiliano , Delmonte Barbara , Maggi Valter , Dumont Marie , Tuzet François , Lafaysse Matthieu , Morin Samuel , Cremonese Edoardo , Colombo Roberto
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The input of mineral dust from arid regions impacts snow
optical properties. The induced albedo reduction generally alters the
melting dynamics of the snowpack, resulting in earlier snowmelt. In this
paper, we evaluate the impact of dust depositions on the melting dynamics of
snowpack at a high-elevation site (2160 m) in the European Alps (Torgnon,
Aosta Valley, Italy) during three hydrological years (2013–2016). These
years were characterized by several Saharan dust events that deposited
significant amounts of mineral dust in the European Alps. We quantify the
shortening of the snow season due to dust deposition by comparing observed snow
depths and those simulated with the Crocus model accounting, or not, for the
impact of impurities. The model was run and tested using meteorological data
from an automated weather station. We propose the use of repeated digital
images for tracking dust deposition and resurfacing in the snowpack. The
good agreement between model prediction and digital images allowed us to
propose the use of an RGB index (i.e. snow darkening index – SDI) for
monitoring dust on snow using images from a digital camera. We also present
a geochemical characterization of dust reaching the Alpine chain during
spring in 2014. Elements found in dust were classified as a function of
their origin and compared with Saharan sources. A strong enrichment in Fe
was observed in snow containing Saharan dust. In our case study, the
comparison between modelling results and observations showed that impurities
deposited in snow anticipated the disappearance of snow up to 38 d a out of
a total 7 months of typical snow duration. This happened for the season
2015–2016 that was characterized by a strong dust deposition event. During
the other seasons considered here (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), the snow
melt-out date was 18 and 11 d earlier, respectively. We conclude that the
effect of the Saharan dust is expected to reduce snow cover duration through
the snow-albedo feedback. This process is known to have a series of further
hydrological and phenological feedback effects that should be characterized
in future research.
Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Detección de la Soledad Existencial en pacientes con enfermedades avanzadas
Authors: Viel Sirito Silvia , Limonero Joaquín T. , Maté Méndez Jorge , Mateo Ortega Dolors , Bernaus Martí Montserrat , Castejón Itey Vanesa , Sánchez Julvé Cruz , Martínez-Romans Jaume , Sirgo Agustina , Rubio Beatriz , Forn Vilanova Lourdes , Fraguell Clara , Gómez Romero María José
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas y la utilidad clínica de la Escala de Soledad Existencial (EDSOL) en enfermos hospitalizados con enfermedad avanzada. Método: Para determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala, se administró la escala EDSOL junto con otros instrumentos a 103 pacientes adultos con enfermedades avanzadas ingresados en 5 unidades de cuidados paliativos de hospitales catalanes. Resultados: La escala presenta una excelente fiabilidad medida a través del alfa de Cronbach (0,902) y una adecuada estabilidad temporal (r=0,71). La escala mostró correlaciones positivas y significativas con ansiedad y depresión de la escala HADS y con la suma total de la misma, así como con la valoración clínica psicológica (p<0,01). A través del análisis estadístico de las curvas ROC se determinó que la escala presentaba una sensibilidad del 79,8% y una especificidad del 74,6% y se sugiere que el punto de corte para la detección de la EDSOL sea una puntuación de 5. Conclusiones: La EDSOL presenta unas buenas propiedades psicométricas, es sencilla, breve, fiable y fácil de administrar. Consideramos que es una escala útil para detectar la presencia de soledad existencial en enfermos hospitalizados que padecen enfermedades avanzadas.