90. The Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (DIVA) trial: Results of a Clinical Trial of a Bundled VAP Diagnostic Stewardship Intervention
Authors: Albin Owen , Troost Jonathan , Thomas Michael , Hyzy Robert , Konkle Mark , Andrew Weirauch J , Rao Krishna , Kaye Keith S 
Published: November 2023

Background

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is commonly overdiagnosed & a primary driver of antibiotic overuse within intensive care units (ICUs). Antimicrobial stewardship programs have successfully leveraged diagnostic stewardship interventions (DSIs) to prevent overdiagnosis/overtreatment of diverse clinical syndromes, yet this approach has not been extended to VAP. In this trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility & efficacy of a novel DSI care bundle (DSI-CB) targeting VAP.

Methods

The DIVA trial (NCT05176353) was a pilot/feasibility trial conducted in 2 ICUs at Michigan Medicine from February 2022-February 2023. A DSI-CB targeting the respiratory culture testing pathway was implemented sequentially in study ICUs, using an interruptive electronic health record clinical decision support tool & modifications to microbiology laboratory workflows (Table 1). Providers were counseled on DSI-CB use during bimonthly educational sessions during trial rollout & via monthly email reminders thereafter. Rates of prespecified co-primary safety and secondary efficacy outcomes were compared between the postintervention study cohort & 5-year preintervention historical controls using negative binomial regression. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate ICU antibiotic utilization rates (ICU-AURs) to account for temporal trends.

Results

1810 patients were admitted to study ICUs following DSI-CB implementation, 29% of whom were eligible for DSI-CB use. DSI-CB was utilized in 77% of eligible patients. Patient demographics, comorbidities & measures of acute severity of illness were similar pre- & post-intervention. DSI-CB implementation was not associated with increases in primary adverse safety outcomes (Table 2). DSI-CB implementation was associated with significant reductions in rates of total respiratory cultures ordered, rates of positive respiratory cultures & reductions in both total & broad-spectrum ICU-AURs (Table 2, Figure 1).

Conclusion

Implementation of a novel VAP DSI-CB was safe, feasible & associated with significant reductions in rates of respiratory culture positivity and ICU-AURs. This represents the first trial of a DSI targeting VAP & a novel avenue for ICU antimicrobial stewardship. Large-scale trials are warranted.

Disclosures

Owen Albin, MD, Biomeriux: Grant/Research Support|Charles River Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Weirauch J. Andrew, RRT, Drager Medical: Equipment loaned for research purposes, but no monetary funds were provided.|Jones and Bartlett Learning: Honoraria Krishna Rao, MD, MS, Merck & Co.: Grant/Research Support|Rebiotix: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|VenatoRx: Advisor/Consultant|VenatoRx: Honoraria