bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Road Map for a Domestic Wind Turbine Manufacturıng Industry in Turkey
Authors: Erdoğdu M. Mustafa , Karaca Coşkun
Published: February 2014

Climate change is now widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe. In large part this is due to emissions of so-called “greenhouse gases,” which mainly result from the production of energy using fossil fuels. In addition to environmental problems, some countries with limited fossil fuel reserves also suffer from energy-dependency. Turkey, for instance, now imports over 90 percent of its oil and natural gas at an annual cost of approximately US$35 billion. Turkey’s dependence on imported energy portends negative effects on both national security and the economy. More investment in renewable energy has thus become vital. In this context, wind energy appears not only to be the most cost-efficient, medium term solution for energy dependency, but also for global climate change mitigation. Wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts because it does not generate either atmospheric contaminants or thermal pollution. It also makes economic sense because while the costs of most forms of energy are rising, the costs of wind energy are decreasing. This chapter explores the way in which a strong domestic wind turbine manufacturing industry can be nurtured in Turkey. For this purpose, the chapter focuses particularly on some key measures such as investment subsidies, tax exemptions, corporate financing schemes, and information dissemination.
International Stock Investment Portfolio Management Strategies for Emerging Economies
Authors: Sayin H. Cem , Çakan Sinan
Published: February 2014

People or companies canalize their money to consumption or retain it for the future. Their desire to use their savings to obtain extra income gave birth to the concept of investment. They do this in a frame of expectations about the future. Expectations are the foundation of all investment decisions. This chapter focuses on how an investment and portfolio management process should be and explains different portfolio management strategies. It also includes different types of stock investments. The chapter intends to teach how one can choose a stock and manage money effectively. For this aim, the chapter includes value investment style, growth investment sytle, technical investment style, momentum investment style, fundamental investment style, and beyond. It is very important to know which strategy best fits your aims and your characteristics, so you will be able to learn this through this chapter. In addition, it is important to know how these strategies can used together effectively. In this chapter, an investor will find answers to questions about stock investment.
Water Model on Fine Inclusion Removal by Bubble Flotation in RH Refining Process
Authors: Yang Chun Jie , Tang Fu Ping , He Tao , Fu Qiang
Published: February 2014

With the development of socio-economic and science and technology, People are more strict to the requirement of steel quality. A physical model was established according to the “similarity theory” to simulate the real 180t RH-TB vacuum refining device. Liquid steel is simulated by Nacl solution, Fine inclusions is simulated by high density polypropylene less than 0.04mm in diameter. The influence regularity of treatment time, lift gas flow rate and method of addition, the amount and time of NaHCO3 addition on the inclusions removal rate have been discussed, the optimal values for each influence factor have been found and can be used in optimizing the refining technology.
First-Principles Study on the Corrosion Mechanism of Degradable Medical Mg Alloys in the Medium Containing Cl-
Authors: Zhang Guo Ying , Luo Zhi Cheng , Tang Jie , Liu Ye Shu , Liu Chun Ming
Published: February 2014

A first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been used to perform a comparative theoretical study of the adsorption H2O and Cl- on a degradable medical Mg alloy (0001) surface. It is found that H2O molecules bind preferentially at atop sites with a large tilt angle away from the surface normal, Cl- ions are energetically favoured adsorbed on hcp hollow sites. In the aqueous solution containing Cl-, the preferential adsorption of Cl- over H2O on Mg surface prevents the Mg surface passivation and induces the corrosion of degradable medical Mg alloys. For H2O adsorption, the ineraction between H2O molecule and Mg surface makes Mg hydration, and thereby Mg alloy surface passivates and the formation of the protective Mg(OH)2. For Cl- ion adsorption, a 0.44e charge translation from Cl- ion to the Mg alloy surface makes the corrosion potential of Mg alloy surface negativly shifted. Thereby, the activity and the corrosion of magnesium alloy are enhanced. This can explain why degradable medical magnesium alloys corrode quickly in physiological media containing high concentrations of chloride ions.
The Moisture of Ceramic Powder and the Importance of Monitoring this Parameter during Drying in the Spray Dryer
Authors: Orlovský Imrich , Hatala Michal , Duplák Ján
Published: February 2014

The article discusses research drying process of ceramic powder in a spray dryer. The aim was to create a mathematical model of the drying process and the identification of parameters affecting drying. Mathematical model was used to create balance equation, from which it was expressed parameter - the mensural moisture of granulate u2. Monitored parameter was the absolute moisture of drying gas outputs the kiln Y2. Based on the measured and calculated values was created graph of the dependence Absolute moisture of drying gas outputs of the kiln on Mensural moisture of material outputs of the kiln.
Effects of Yttrium on Cyclic Oxidation Resistance of Co-10Cr-5Al Alloy at 700 °C
Authors: Bai Ling Yun , Xu Xian Chao , Xiang Jun Huai , Zheng Yun Xiang , Wang Jun
Published: February 2014

The cyclic oxidation behavior of Co-10Cr-5Al alloys in atmosphere at 700 °C was investigated. The addition of 0.3 at.% Y changed the oxidation behavior from the approximate parabolic rate law to complex mode. The scale grown on the surface of Co-10Cr-5Al cracked seriously, while the oxide scale the Y doped alloy had better adhesive property. Yttrium doped in the sample promoted the forming of continuous Al2O3layer and decreased the oxidation rate of Co-10Cr-5Al alloys.
Design of a Mechanical Oil Kneader Based on Ergonomic Studies of the Traditional Kneading Process
Authors: Ali M.A. , Muhammad I.W.
Published: February 2014

The traditional groundnut oil processing is a popular commercial value addition activity, especially amongst women in Northern Nigeria. The process comprises of seven sub-processes, which include roasting, de-skinning, winnowing, milling, kneading, frying and forming of groundnut cake. Past studies have shown that the kneading sub-process was more strenuous and time consuming. To address these limitations, relevant data from ergonomics studies of the traditional kneading process were incorporated into engineering design procedure to develop a mechanical oil kneader that has similar motion with the traditional, but incorporates components that confer mechanical advantages. Comparative evaluation of the kneading process using same quantity of groundnut (i.e. 6.5kg) revealed that average percent oil extracted was 34.7% with the mechanical kneader, whilst it was 26.4% by the traditional process; and extraction efficiency for the kneader was 71.3% and 52.8% for the traditional. Time wise, the mechanical kneader required only 32% of the time used for kneading same weight with the traditional. In effect, the mechanical kneader enhances the volume of oil extraction and reduces the processing duration by 68%.
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Biologically Inspired Robotic Fin Actuated by Soft Actuators
Authors: Muhammad Razif Muhammad Rusydi , Elango Natarajan , Mohd Nordin Ili Najaa Aimi , Mohd Faudzi Ahmad Athif
Published: February 2014

In this paper, a robotic fin was idealized with three rays, which are serially connected by thin flexible rubber membranes. Each ray consists a two chamber braided soft actuator operated by pneumatic pressure at the maximum of 20 kPa. The bending of the ray is achieved by alternating the supply of air to the chamber. The soft actuator bends to the right when the left chamber is pressurized and moves to the left when the right chamber is pressurized. The propulsive wave motion along the fin is thus achieved by oscillating the rays at the same frequency but in different phases. The finite element (FE) analysis was conducted in MARC®, nonlinear FE software, from which the lateral displacements of the rays and the corresponding effect on the membranes were measured. The wave amplitude of the fin was computed from the simulation results. The wave motion of the robotic fin and its corresponding pressure distributions were also observed and presented.
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies of Biodegradable WE43 Stent
Authors: Lu Chun Lan , Dong He Yan , Wang Wei , Yang Gang
Published: February 2014

Magnesium alloys are very biocompatible and show promise for use in implant device. The focus of this article lies in the evaluation of the degradation performance and biological response of a paclitaxel-eluting biodegradable stent based on WE43 magnesium alloy by in vivo and in vitro studies. The corrosion characteristics analyzed by immersion testing in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) for 24h. Severe corrosion took place reveal fast degradation, lead to the stent strut easily fracture during expanding. The chemical nature of this conversion in vivo was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). For the endothelial surface coverage and the microstructure of the stent were also investigated by SEM. The results show that the deployment of the stent in arteries was safe, endothelial coverage occurred above stent struts and between struts after implanted 6 weeks, and more slowly than stainless steel stent and paclitaxel-eluting stainless steel stent. The grains boundaries of the stents are easily corroded in vivo environment, which should strongly affect the radial strength and mechanical integrity of the stent, leading early recoil contribute to restenosis.
Recycling and Synthesis of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 from Used Power Battery by Electrolytic Method
Authors: Xie Ying Hao , Yu Hai Jun , Ou Yan Nan , Li Chang Dong
Published: February 2014

The Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode materials recover from used power battery synthesized using the electrolytic method to investigate its microstructure and electrochemical properties. The X-ray diffract ion (XRD) patterns of the prepared powders showed a hexagonal α–NaFeO2 structure (space group: R-3m, 166) and the existence of Li2MnO3 phase in the composite structure. The morphology of the prepared powders consisted of spherical agglomerates with particle size varying from 5 to 18μm. The size increased with increasing the spacing of titanium plate electrodes. The observed discharge capacity for the Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 electrode (the spacing of titanium plate electrodes is 5, 7.5, 10 mm) for the first cycle was 167, 150, and 121 mAhg-1, respectively.
A Study on Application of Surfactants in Cemented Carbides Ball Milling
Authors: Kai Tang , Jie Yan
Published: February 2014

Several surfactants were studied in cemented carbides ball milling in this paper by analyzing cemented carbides mechanical properties and SEM images. Appropriate surfactants used in ball milling were selected to replace commonly used surfactant, stearic acid. Impacts of surfactants on hardness, magnetic force and magnetic saturation were also discussed. Oleic acid and AEO-3 as the better surfactant than stearic acid were selected after experiments. How containing oxygen compound affects the cemented carbide mechanical property cannot be recommended at this stage; further investigations are required.
Artificial Ceramic Metamaterial with Meshed Grid Structure for Radome Application
Authors: Zhang Xian Gao , Miao Xi Geng , Fang Xiao Wei , Wang Hai Lian , Zhang Ling , Zhao Zhi Ya , Liu Ruo Peng
Published: February 2014

We investigated a novel artificial metamaterial that includes two plates of quartz glass dielectric material and a Ag microstructure sandwiched between the two plates. The Ag grid layer was designed and subsequently prepared by tape casting and screen printing. The transmission characteristics of this metamaterial were able to be controlled by adjusting the geometry parameters of the Ag grid such as the width of the strip and the size of the unit cell. Our work has demonstrated the possibility that the ceramic metamaterial can be used as a transmission material capable of work at high temperatures below the melting point of the metal.
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous ZnO-CNT Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Plasma Jet Chemical Vapor Deposition System
Authors: Su Chun Hsi , Zhang Zhe Ming , Huang Shih I
Published: February 2014

In the present study, we fabricated the CNT-porous ZnO composite by Microwave Plasma Jet Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPJCVD) System. The morphology and characteristics of the CNT-porous ZnO were examined by SEM, EDS and Raman spectrometer. Finally, a few carbon content was found to exist within the CNT-porous ZnO nanocomposite.
Influence of Interfacial Exchange Interaction on the Two-Phase Relaxation Time of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Afremov Leonid L. , Iliushin Ilia G.
Published: February 2014

Within the frame of two-phase superparamagnetic nanoparticles the effect of magnetic and geometric properties of superparamagnetic nanoparicles on the time of their magnetic relaxation has been defined. With increasing of volume the time of relaxation grows rapidly. Metastability conditions of magnetic states have been developed. Growth of exchange constant magnitude of interphase interaction results in increasing of relaxation time regardless of exchange constant sign.
Preparation of Al2O3-TiO2 Complex Supports by Nano-Scale Self-Assembly Technique
Authors: Li Ping , Tang Zhi Fang , Liu Guo Min , Zhao Shan Lin , Zhang Jin Hui
Published: February 2014

By using the orthogonal method to evaluate the optimum experiment parameters for preparing mesoporous Al2O3-TiO2 supports which can be used for resid hydrotreating catalyst by its large pore volume, the two-step nanoscale self-assembly technique was successfully adopted. The experimental conditions were obtained, such as: the amount of surfactant; the ratio of raw materials, the amount of precipitation reagent and the reaction time. TEM was employed to characterize the A12O3-TiO2 complex supports. The test results revealed that the specific surface area of Al2O3-TiO2 complex supports reached to the largest under the optimized experimental condition. The TEM result also showed that TiO2 was homogeneously distributed in the complex support. The pore distribution of the complex support obtained was stable, which promises the best candidate for the support to resid hydrotreating catalyst.
Removal of Silver (I) from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Beads
Authors: Nitayaphat Walaikorn , Jintakosol Thanut
Published: February 2014

Chitosan/CNT nanocomposites were prepared by blending chitosan with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and forming composite beads. The composites were used as Ag+ adsorbents. Adsorption equilibrium experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, CNTs concentration, pH value, and adsorbent dosage level. The equilibrium time of Ag+ adsorption was found to be 160 min. Composite adsorbent had the highest adsorption efficiency when the weight of CNTs was 0.01 wt%. The maximum Ag+ removal took place at the initial pH value of 3. The optimum adsorbent dosage for Ag+ removal was 5 g. Under above optimal conditions the maximum Ag+ removal was 99.7%. The adsorption isotherm of chitosan/CNT nanocomposite bead agreed well with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.393 mg/g.
Control of the Texture Structure Size in Anisotropic Etching of Silicon
Authors: Komori Junki , Sueto Tsuyoshi , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: February 2014

Reflection losses of light at the silicon surface cause a reduction in conversion efficiency of silicon solar cell. There is anisotropic etching silicon to form a textured structure on the silicon surface by a simple wet process as a method of reducing the reflectivity. Further, miniaturization of the textured structure to the nanosize will improve the conversion efficiency by reducing the reflectivity. In this study, we formed texture structure of 1 μm size by applying the particles on a silicon surface as an etching mask.
Mechanism of Memristor with TiO2-x/TiO2/TiO2+x Nano Thin Three Layers
Authors: Bai Xiao Hui , Li Lin Lin , Ai Chun Ping
Published: February 2014

The paper is concerned on the properties of the new ideal circuit element, a memristor. We proposed memristor with nanothin three layers of Pt/ TiO2-x/TiO2/TiO2+x/Pt sandwiched structure in this paper,based on study of the working principles of HP memristor. As the new TiO2+x layer and its expansion effect,the switching speed of the new structure memristor mentioned would be faster. The paper gives the test result and mechanism of the new structure memristor, such as characteristic analysis results of Pt nanowire, memristor, repetitiveness and V-I characteristic hysteretic curve of three layers memristor by using semiconductor tester.
Optimized Responsivity of Size-Tailored SbBiSe3 Nanowire Photodetectors
Authors: Huang Rong , Zhang Jie , Wei Fen Fen , Kong Tao , Cheng Guo Sheng
Published: February 2014

Single-crystalline Sb2Se3 and SbBiSe3 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The SbBiSe3 NW photodetectors defined by a photolithography microfabrication approach exhibited an enhanced electrical transport and improved spectra responsivity compared with Sb2Se3 NW photodetectors. Moreover, the size of synthesized NWs was tailored to optimize the photoelectric performances. Results indicated that the responsivity increased with the thicker or shorter NWs, which were further revalidated by theoretical calculations.
Curing Kinetics Analysis and Properties Researches of Cyanate Composites
Authors: Dang Jing , Yang Li , Han Wen
Published: February 2014

The powdery nitrile butadiene rubbers (P-NBRs) are employed to improve the comprehensive properties of the bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY). The addition of P-NBRs affecting on the curing kinetics of the composites is analyzed and characterized by gelation test, differential scanning calorimentry (DSC) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). And the contents of P-NBRs affecting on the mechanical and dielectric properties of the P-NBRs/BADCY composites are also investigated. Results show that the addition of P-NBRs has little influence on the cure activation energy. The mechanical properties of the P-NBRs/BADCY composites are optimal with 5 wt% P-NBRs. The dielectric constant values of the P-NBRs/BADCY composites are increased with the increasing addition of P-NBRs.
Effect of Epoxy-Functionalized Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene on the Morphology and Rheological Properties of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) Blends
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Ting , Liu Xin Ping , Xiao Li Ren , Qian Qing Rong , Xu Jing , Huang Bao Quan , Chen Qing Hua
Published: February 2014

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in the presence of styrene (St) monomer (AGS) was used as a compatibilizer in the immiscible poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) (PBT/ASA) blends. SEM analyses display a better dispersion of ASA particles in the PBT matrix with the content of AGS less than 4.0 wt% compared with the PBT/ASA blends. Rheological measurements show that the melt elasticity and melt strength of blends increase with increasing ABS-g-(GMA-co-St) content. The behavior of blends shifts from “liquid-like” to “solid-like” and the relaxation time moves to higher values by introducing AGS. 3.0 wt% AGS is the optimum concentration for PBT/ASA system.
Catalysis Investigation of PET Depolymerization with Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Liu Na , Ma Yong Shuai , Shu Ke Wen , Wu Bo , Zhang Dong
Published: February 2014

The catalytic effect of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid for PET hydrolysis reaction under microwave irradiation has been investigated through orthogonal experiment in this article, and the influence of main reaction conditions has also been studied. The results shown that the influence level sequence of reaction factors was: catalyst kind > reaction time > reaction temperature > catalyst dosage. According to a further study of catalyst dosages influence on PET depolymerization degree, the optimal reaction condition was finally concluded as below: [Hexanemi [HSO4] used as catalyst, catalyst dosage: 0.01 mol/2 g PET, reaction time: 210 min, reaction temperature: 195 °C.
Preparation and Properties of Polyimide/MWNTs-COOH Antistatic Composites
Authors: Lv Yong Hui , Deng Bao Xiang
Published: February 2014

The acidified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs-COOH) was obtained by nitric acid treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).The PI/MWNTs-COOH composite films were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The thermal stability, resistance and mechanical properties of PI/MWNTs-COOH composite were evaluated. The results showed that: the composites maintained a good thermal stability with the addition of the MWNTs-COOH; the resistance of the composite film dropped at first, and rose up later. While the tensile strength increased at first and then decreased. In conclusion, the PI/MWNTs-COOH composite films exhibited better thermal, antistatic and mechanical properties compared with neat PI.
Compatibility Effect of Reactive Copolymers on the Morphology, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene Blends
Authors: Lin Xin Tu , Qian Qing Rong , Xiao Li Ren , Huang Qiao Ling , Zeng Li , Chen Qing Hua , Zhang Hua Ji
Published: February 2014

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted ethyleneoctene multi-block copolymer (OBC) in the presence of the styrene (St) monomer (OBC-g-(GMA-co-St)) was prepared and then used as a compatibilizer for recycled Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene (R-PET/PP) blends. The morphological, rheological and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The results show that the compatibilization between R-PET and PP blends is improved by the introduction of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St). The SEM results show that all R-PET/PP blends exhibit a matrix-dispersed droplet type morphology, and the addition of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) results in a finer morphology and better adhension between the phases. In addition, the storage moduli (G'), loss moduli (G") and the Charpy impact strength of the blends increase with increasing OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) content, while the the flexural strength decreases slightly.
Thermal Conductivity Cyanate Ester Resin Composites Filled with Boron Nitride
Authors: Zhao Chun Bao , Xu Sui Chun , Qin Yu Fang , Su Lei , Yang Xu Jie
Published: February 2014

Boron nitride (BN) powder was modified by silane coupling agent, and a series of cyanate ester resin composites containing the modified BN were prepared. The effect of volume fraction of BN on the thermal conductivity, electrical insulation properties of these composites was investigated. Results show that addition of a little of BN powder can improve thermal conductivity of the composites effectively, while the composites still retain the relatively good electrical insulation and low dielectric constant. When the volume fraction of BN was 23.6%, the thermal conductivity of composite increased to 1.33 W/(m·K), which is 4.6 times that of pure resin.
Synthesis of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Silicon Oxide Beads Untreated and Glutaraldehyde Treated
Authors: Sulaiman Syazwan Liyana , Abu Bakar Muhamad Subri , Ahmad Sufizar , Taib Hariati
Published: February 2014

Synthesised PVA/CS/SiO2 beads had been considered as a promising alternative to conventional means of heavy metal removal. The PVA/CS/SiO2 beads were successfully synthesised through a simple dropwise method and different ratio of cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde (GLA) of 0, 0.25M and 0.5M were used to cross-link the PVA/CS/SiO2 beads. Solubility and swelling behavior of the beads were also investigated within the prescribed time of 24h in three different medium of acidic, distilled water and alkaline solution. Result of solubility test showed that PVA/CS/SiO2 beads without GLA dissolves in acidic medium but insoluble in distilled water and alkaline solution. Meanwhile, the PVA/CS/SiO2 beads cross-linked with GLA did not dissolve in all three mediums. The swelling test revealed that PVA/CS/SiO2 beads without cross-linked with GLA showed the highest of swelling in acidic solution which was 225.2% and PVA/CS/SiO2 beads cross-linked with 0.5M GLA recorded the lowest of swelling in acidic solution which was 98.6%. This concluded that as the cross-linking ratio increased, the swelling behaviour of the PVA/CS/SiO2 beads decreased.
The Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers to Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Pei Hong Ying , Shen Gui Jun , Du Yu
Published: February 2014

A benefit of imprinted polymers is the possibility to prepare sorbents with selectivity pre-determined for a particular substance, or group of structural analogues. The application most close to a wider acceptance is probably that of solid phase extraction for clean-up of environmental and biological samples. The technique of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid phase extraction (MISPE) is performance and high selectively, compared with traditional sorbents. In this paper, the preparation and application of MIPs would be reviewed.
Synthesis and Dispersing Performance of Hyperbranched Dispersant
Authors: Guan Ru Qi , Liu Yan Mei , Li Hai Hua , Tai Yu Lei , Chao Guo Ku , Zhao Ya Juan
Published: February 2014

Different hyperbranched polyester were synthesized by a simple one-pot melt polymerization method.The acid value,hydroxyl value and NMR were detected, we discussed the effect of proportion of DMPA,reaction temperature, vacuum level and vacuum time on acid value, hydroxyl value.The results show that the high efficient hyperbranched dispersant can be synthesized by the mass ratio of DMPA is 42.14%, vacuum time is 6h, vacuum degree is 30 kPa, and the stability kinetic is under 0.2.
Research on Application of Fractal Theory for SiO2/UPR Granular Composites
Authors: Kong Xiang Wen , Pang Xiao Bin , Wang Ji Hui , Liu Jun
Published: February 2014

This paper presents an introduction to the approach to calculation of fractal dimension of SiO2/UPR granular composites. The porosity of quartz mixture, the density, the optimum amount of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and the mechanical properties of the SiO2/UPR granular composites were tested. The relationship between the four factors and the fractal dimension was analyzed and the relation expressions were obtained by fitting. For the SiO2/UPR granular composites, fractal theory is not only used for the design of gradation and the optimum amount of UPR, but also for calculating and evaluating the mechanical properties. Research shows that the fractal dimension plays a role of linking the microstructure and the macroscopic properties of the SiO2/UPR granular composites.
The Effect of the Die Temperature on the Solidification Behaviour of the Al/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite: A Comparative Study of Experimental and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: P Gurusamy , Balasivanandha Prabu S. , Paskaramoorthy R.
Published: February 2014

This paper discusses the influence of die temperature on the solidification behaviour of A356/SiCp composites fabricated by squeeze casting method. Information on the solidification studies of squeeze cast composites is somewhat scarce. Experiments were carried out by varying the die temperatures for cylindrical shaped composite castings K-type thermocouples were interfaced to the die and the temperature-time history was recorded to construct the cooling curves. The cooling curves are also predicted from the finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS 13. The experimental and predicted cooling curves are not in good agreement. In addition to, the experimental and theoretical solidification times are studied. It was understood that the increase in the die temperature decreases the cooling rate.
Performance Evaluation of Liquid Nitrogen as Coolant in Turning of Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC)
Authors: Muthuraman Vadivel , Pradeepkumar Murugesan
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the turning of Al/SiC (LM-13) composite using Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) as coolant. The influence of machining performance parameters such as cutting force, cutting temperature and surface finish were investigated under wet and cryogenic machining. The results proved that the application of cryogenic LN2 coolant reduced the cutting temperature and the cutting force for about 19 to 30% and 24 to 35% respectively. The surface finish of the machined part is about 10 to 23% better than in the conventional coolant. Thus it was proved that the application of cryogenic coolants reduced the cutting force and temperature which resulted in an appreciable improvement in surface finish in machining of Al/SiC MMC.
Effect of Strontium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Solid A356 Al Alloy
Authors: Sangchan Atchara , Plookphol Thawatchai , Wannasin Jessada , Wisutmethangoon Sirikul
Published: February 2014

Effect of strontium (Sr) addition on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy produced by GISS process were investigated in this study. Strontium addition resulted in both grain refinement and modification of eutectic Si. The maximum average ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 291.06 MPa and 17.31%, respectively, were obtained from the T6 heat-treated specimen containing 0.08wt%Sr. The excessive addition of strontium (0.2wt%Sr), however, seemed to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the alloy as a result of the Al2Si2Sr particle formation.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Rapidly Solidified Sm(CobalFe0.11Cu0.10Zrx)7 Alloys
Authors: Li Li Ya , Ge Yi Cheng , Peng Yuan Dong
Published: February 2014

We reported a systematic study of the effect of Zr content on the structural and magnetic properties of rapidly quenched Sm (CobalFe0.11Cu0.10Zrx)7 alloys with x varying from 0 to 0.04. The results show that the addition of Zr greatly affected the microstructure and magnetic properties of the heat-treated ribbons. The Zr-free ribbon had crystallized as the 1:7H structure as the main phase while the ribbon with Zr addition adopted the 2:17R structure type. A Sm2Co7 phase was observed in the heat-treated ribbons when the Zr content x increased to 0.04. It is found that while the Zr content was increased from 0 to 0.04, saturation magnetization of the heat-treated ribbons was decreased from 11.9kGs to 3.3 kGs, and the intrinsic coercivity was increased from 0.07 kOe to 11.7 kOe. The highest intrinsic coercivity, Hci=11.7 kOe, was obtained in the ribbon with Zr content of 0.03.
Morphology-Driven Stark Shift Switching in Ge/Si Type-II Heterointerfaces
Authors: Miyake Yasuyuki , Yasutake Yuhsuke , Fukatsu Susumu
Published: February 2014

Morphology-related anomaly was found in the photoluminescence (PL) of Ge/Si type-II double heterostructures with varying Ge coverage. PL Stokes shifts of 2-D Ge wetting layers functioning as a quantum well for holes switched from negative to positive under electric field as Ge coverage crossed 3.7 monolayers, which correlates well with the onset of Stranski-Krastanow growth mode transition. The origin of such shift polarity switch is discussed in terms of the linear Stark effect in an asymmetric confinement potential developing due to 3-D Ge islands.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.2Cu Alloy Extruded Sheet
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Zhi Min , Chen Wei
Published: February 2014

Mechanical properties of Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.2Cu alloy extruded sheet were investigated by tensile tests. Microstructures were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that no matter in the L direction or in the T direction, the tensile strength and yield strength decrease with the increasing of the extrusion temperature in different states. The tensile strength and yield strength in the L direction are higher than in the T direction at different extrusion temperatures and different treatment states. When temperature is 340°C, the highest tensile strength is 780 MPa and the highest yield strength is 753 MPa in the two-stage solution and two-stage aging state. The reason for the higher mechanical properties are in the L direction in different states is mainly depend on the distribution direction of the grains.
Laser-Induced Copper Deposition from Solution: Removing the Thermodynamic Restrictions
Authors: Safonov Sergey V. , Fateev Sergey A. , Logunov Lev S. , Khairullina Evgeniia M. , Kochemirovsky Vladimir.A.
Published: February 2014

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The study showed that organic alcohols with 1,2,3,5,6 hydroxyl groups can be used as reducing agents for laser-induced copper deposition from solutions (LCLD).Multiatomic alcohols, sorbitol, xylitol, and glycerol, are shown to be effective reducing agents for performing LCLD at glass-ceramic surfaces unless they are weak reductants. Hypothesis of 2-photon photoeffect during laser induced copper deposition was discussed. Using the described dechnique one can obtain high-conductivity copper micro wires on dielectric surfaces for microelectronics and sensor applications
Separation of Trace Heavy Metal Ions from Leaching Liquor of Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4
Authors: Zou Xing , Qiu Xiao Dan
Published: February 2014

Separation of trace heavy metal ions with BaS from solutions of five kinds of systems was studied. One was prepared with the solution (called as original solution here) leached from pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4, and the other four kinds of systems were prepared in the laboratory according to the composition of the original solution. They are respectively: a ternary system of NiSO4CoSO4ZnSO4; two quaternary systems of (NH4)2SO4NiSO4CoSO4ZnSO4 and MnSO4NiSO4CoSO4ZnSO4; a quintuple system of MnSO4(NH4)2SO4NiSO4CoSO4ZnSO4. The experiments have researched the effect of reaction time and dosage of BaS on the separation of heavy metal ions. According to the results, it took the five systems 10minutes to reach the equilibrium state and re-dissolution was found in the results. As the increasing of BaS dosage, the residual heavy metal ions would reduce, but the results of five systems were different when the same BaS was used.
Metallic Layer Reflectance Analysis Using Design of Experiment
Authors: Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Say Ong Tee , Yih Kok Soo
Published: February 2014

In this work, a Full Factorial Experimentation technique, Design of Experiment (DOE) was developed and used to control the parameter of RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) process on a silicon wafer with aluminium layer. The objective of this work is to examine the Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) process on aluminium with different parameter, which are temperature, vacuum, RF (Radio Frequency) power and gas flow. Then, AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) and Lambda 950 spectrometer are used to analyse the grain size and light reflectance on the test specimen after RIE process. From the result, all four parameters of RIE were give an effect on grain size and surface reflectance on the test specimen. The parameter of gas flow is the most influence factor for grain size and surface reflectance in RIE process for aluminium layer compared to other parameters in this work.
Investigation on the Dielectric Properties of Pulverized Oil Palm Frond and Pineapple Leaf Fiber for X-Band Microwave Absorber Application
Authors: Baharudin Elfarizanis , Ismail Alyani , Alhawari Adam Reda Hasan , Zainudin Edi Syams , Majid Dayang L.A. , Che Seman Fauziahanim
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the results on dielectric properties of pulverized material based on agricultural waste namely oil palm frond and pineapple leaf fiber for microwave absorber application in the X-band frequency range. The investigation is started by identifying the pulverized materials permittivities and loss tangents using coaxial probe technique, followed by density measurement comprising the determination of bulk and solid densities. Then, by using dielectric mixture model, the solid particle dielectric properties were determined. It is observed that the air properties give quite an effect on the permittivity and loss tangent of the pulverized materials. It is also found that the lower the material density the higher material dielectric constant will be. Furthermore, the results show that, both oil palm frond and pineapple leaf fiber are potential to be X-band absorber with average dielectric constant of 4.40 and 3.38 respectively. The loss tangents for both materials were observed to be more than 0.1 which mark them as lossy materials.
Low Temperature and Copper Induce Viable but Nonculturable State of Salmonella typhi in the Bottled Drinking Water
Authors: Jiang Lu
Published: February 2014

Salmonella in the normal state were injected into the sterile bottled drinking water with the concentration of 107CFU/ml finally. Then these samples were respectively treated by 4°C, -20°C, copper, the two latter samples were found that their numbers of bacteria colonies reduced to zero on the solid culture medium and the absorbance had no change in the liquid culture medium, they had no reproduction and can not be cultured, which had been thought that the cells were all dead. The ways of alteration in temperature, adding of tween20 and catalase may help awake up their culturability in the experiment. The samples had entered the so-called viable but nonculturable state (VBNC).
Application of Membrane Science to Remove Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) and Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs): A Review
Authors: Halakoo Elnaz , Adabi Javid , Aalinezhad Sara , Layeghi Moghaddam Alireza , Rahimi Alireza
Published: February 2014

To date, membrane technology is of great concern while conventional processes are not able to fulfill prosperous separation. The presence of EDCs in the environment indicates that conventional treatment plants (CTPs) may have limited capability to remove these compounds. Membrane process such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) can produce high quality effluents suitable for reuse applications. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is a promising method for water and wastewater treatment because of its ability to produce high-quality effluent that meets water quality regulations. This paper aimed to provide a review of recent research on feasibility of membrane technology such as MBR, NF and RO and also their application to remove EDCs and PhACs from aqueous solution which are highly harmful and toxic. The major factors which exert influence on the separation of these organic micropollutants have been also studied.
Design and Manufacturing Bio Composite (Sugarcane Bagasse – Polyvinyl Acetate) Panel that Characterized Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Laksono Pringgo Widyo , Rochman Taufiq , Setyanto Hari , Pujiyanto Eko , Diharjo Kuncoro
Published: February 2014

The use of sugarcane bagasse for providing avaibility of raw material have been attracting attention. The benefits using natural fiber such as sugarcane bagasse are eco-friendly, low cost considerations because widespread avaibility, high stiffness, better thermal stability, and biodegradability. Sugarcane bagasse and (Polyvinyl acetate, PVAc) have been shown to possess the ability of being applied as raw material for manufacturing of bio composite panel at 10mm thickness (fixed variable) by three mesh sizes (20,30 dan 40) with ratio of the composition 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15%. The specimen have been emphasized at 3:2 and 2:1. This research was conducted to investigate possibility of manufacturing bio composite panel that its characteristic resistance to the thermal conductivity. This bio composite speciments were tested for thermal conductivity test according to ASTM E-1225. The results revealed that optimum design for bio composite panel obtained that emphasis at 3:2, filtered by mesh size 20, ratio composition sugarcane bagasse 85% and PVAc 15%. The test result shown that panel has thermal conductivity resistance value (R) 17,089 °C/W. Thus, it can be concluded that bio composite panel can be manufactured successfully from sugarcane bagasse and PVAc as the matrix mixture.
Derivatives of Hydantoin: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity on HepG2 Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Jiang Lu , Zeng Bin
Published: February 2014

Based on the study of rhodanine derivative WL-276,some novel compounds were synthesized,and their anti-tumor effects were screened by MTT method. Hydantoin is rhodanine of electronic derivative. Compounds of 3a-3d were obtained by Aldol reaction, whose structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR. Furthermore, preliminary pharmacological results suggested that compounds 2a had strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 tumor cells.
Study of Interlayer Element Effect on Properties of AlCrTiSiN Thin Film
Authors: Usana-Ampaipong Tharanon , Prapasuk Sirawut , Feung-Im Kawiphong , Tuchinda Karuna , Wathanyu Kessaraporn , Surinphong Surasak , Panich Nurot
Published: February 2014

In this work, the effect of different interlayer elements on the properties of the top AlCrTiSiN film, i.e. titanium and chromium called as Ti/AlCrTiSiN and Cr/AlCrTiSiN, respectively, was studied. The film was deposited by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition on tungsten carbide (WC) specimen which is extensively used as cutting tools material. Various properties including the surface hardness, the scratch resistance and tribological performance were later studied. The surface hardness of both Ti/AlCrTiSiN and Cr/AlCrTiSiN coatings were higher than 29 GPa. The critical load for both coating suggesting supurb adhesion strength of the coating system. However, Ti interlayer was found to result in higher critical compressive stress for first damage and full delamination at room temperature. The wear resistance of coated specimens was far better than the uncoated one both at room temperature and high temperature, i.e. ball on disc tests at room temperature, 300 °C, and 500 °C were performed. The coeeficient of friciton of both coatings were found to depend strongly on the wear behavior of the system and the characters of the wear debris. A sign of better tribological performance at high temperature, i.e. 500°C, could be noticed with Cr interlayer as the lower mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion became more crucial in film damage phenomina at such temperature.
High Heat Treatment Analysis on Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Sauli Zaliman , Chin They Yee , Nee Loh Sek
Published: February 2014

Barium strontium titanate becomes famous among the microelectronic field due to its dielectric properties. Sol-gel method was used to prepare the Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO3 and was deposited on SiO2 substrate. The temperatures used in the heat treatment process were high temperature, 650°C. For high heat treatment temperature, the process was carried in 2 different times which were 15 min and 60min.The effect of the different temperature and time in the heat treatment process were analysed by using XRD. 650°C for 15 min and 60min, there are clearer peaks observed and the intensity of the 110 peak was sharper.
Transparent Conducting SnO2:Al Films Prepared on α-Al2O3 (0001) by MOCVD
Authors: Ji Feng , Tan Yong Liang , Lv Chang , Hou Zhen Tai
Published: February 2014

1-10% (atomic ratio of Al/Sn) Aluminium-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Al) single crystalline films were prepared on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrates by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The films were annealed in air at 400 °C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C, respectively. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the samples were investigated. The obtained films were rutile structure with high a-axis orientation. The Hall mobility and carrier concentration of the samples were varied with the Al concentration increasing and different anneal temperature. The average transmittance for the SnO2:Al films in the visible range was over 82% and the absorption edge shifted to the shorter wavelength with Al concentration increasing. The position of Al3+ in the lattice was influenced by anneal temperature. After high temperature annealed, the location of SnO2 (200) diffraction peak shifted slightly towards low 2θ direction which was due to the lattice relaxation, and the absorption edge of the films shifted to the shorter wavelength because of the Burstein-Moss effect.
Study on the Electrochemical Performance of High Tap Density LiFePO4/C Synthesized by Spray-Drying
Authors: Lu Cheng , Chen Lin , Gu Yi Jie , Chen Yun Bo , Wang Meng , Zuo Ling Li , Liu Hong Quan , Wang Yan Min
Published: February 2014

LiFePO4/C materials were synthesized by spray-drying using FePO4·2H2O, LiOH·H2O as raw materials, glucose as reducing agent and conductive additive. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C were tested and analyzed. The morphology of the LiFePO4/C was biconcave and round looked similar to red blood cells, the tap density of the material up to 1.45g/cm3. The electrochemical performance of the material was excellent. The LiFePO4/C had an initial discharge specific capacity of 161.8mAh/g at rate of 0.1C and its specific capacities were 148.7, 120.9mAh/g at rates of 1, 5C rate, respectively. The discharge capacity remained at 95.8%, 81.7% after 500, 1000 cycles respectively at rate of 5C.
Effect of Hot Processing Parameters on the Deformation Behavior of Superalloy GH4169
Authors: Zhang Xue Min , Kang Fu Wei , Zhao Jun Ling
Published: February 2014

Superalloy GH4169 as one of high temperature structural material is widely used in aviation industry. Isothermal compression of superalloy GH4169 has been conducted on Gleebe-1500D hot simulation at the deformation temperatures ranging from 950°C to 1100°C,the strain rates ranging from 0.01s-1 to 10s-1, and the height reduction of 50%. Effect of processing parameters ,i.e. deformation temperature, strain rate and strain, on the hot deformation behaviors of superalloy GH4169 was studied. The research shows that the fine dynamic recystallization grains could be obtained at the condition of high deformation temperature and low strain rate. Constitutive equation of superalloy GH4169 was established by experimental data. Error analysis showed that calculated stress values by the established constitutive equation were coincident with experimental data well, and it provided the theory basis to optimize forging processing of superalloy GH4169.
Experimental Study on Enhancement of Steel Mechanical Properties by High Pressure Jet Quenching
Authors: Chang Chia Hao , Lin Fang Zhou , Lee Zong Han , Wang Bo Han , Huang Rin Yo , Wu Cheng En , Huang Chin Chuan , Wei Chia Min
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study is to enhance the strength of steel by increasing the percentage of martensite microstructure with a high pressure water jet quenching. JIS SS400 carbon steel was chosen as a test sample. The cooling rate of surface and center reached approximately 180oC/sec and 65oC/sec, respectively. After this quenching process, the metallographic analysis showed that the steel turned into martensite structure. Furthermore, the tensile strength of sample increased from 363MPa to 543MPa; the yielding strength increased from 284MPa to 420Mpa. In general, the overall enhancement of mechanical strength was about 140%.