bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pandemic and Food Insecurity in Small Cities of the Global South: A Case Study of Noapara in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Feisal , Ruszczyk Hanna A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed fault lines in food systems in a small city in Bangladesh. It identifies specific challenges in smaller cities that lack the resources of larger ones to deal with challenges such as a pandemic. It also looks at the rapid-response research done during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic building on a larger project that was already examining food security and inequalities. The chapter delineates the challenges imposed by COVID-19 on food security in Noapara and identifies associated coping mechanisms undertaken by affected residents. It describes Noapara as a thriving city that has a national transportation road bisecting the city and railway that links the city to the rest of Bangladesh.
Ruling the Pandemic
Authors: Cowan Dave
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, a case study demonstrates how apparently binary lines between lawfulness and unlawfulness, and between formal and informal models of government have blurred. In the period until the late 1970s, when relations between central and local government were characterized as autonomous and laissez-faire, there are plenty of examples of government by circular which lacked any form of legislative backing, but which were simply accepted as providing the basis for an obligation. What the case study exposes is the way in which policy-making has blurred lines between different types of legislation, and producing entirely new ways of governing by letter, usually heralded by self-congratulatory and inaccurate tweets. Of course, it may well be said that this is the price we have to pay for governing in an emergency; and, no doubt, there is something in that. It might also be said that, certainly as far as secondary legislation is concerned, these processes have been in place for some time. The real test, however, will be how these new techniques of government are used and developed as we move out of Lockdown and back to some sort of normality in everyday life.
Remote Justice and Vulnerable Litigants: The Case of Asylum
Authors: Gill Nick
Published: January 2022

The recent acceleration in the use of remote justice in the UK, prompted by COVID-19, raises the question of how such changes affect litigants in person and vulnerable litigants. The latter include children and young adults, immigration detainees, those using English as an additional language, those facing mental health difficulties or who are neuro-diverse, those with alcohol or drug dependencies, and those who are excessively fearful and anxious. This chapter presents the results of a study which attempts to understand appellants’ experiences of asylum appeal hearings, conducting interviews with asylum appellants as well as legal professionals, and observing appeal processes from the public galleries of hearing rooms in the UK and various other European countries.
Introduction
Authors: Doucet Brian , Filion Pierre , van Melik Rianne
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores schisms the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and expanded, including measures taken to mitigate or eradicate societal gaps. It provides a background on the compilation of critical urban voices across various disciplines, geographies, and perspectives in order to examine the urban challenges of the pandemic and its impact on new and existing inequities in cities around the world. It also reviews housing systems and inter-related processes of design, finance, and policy. The chapter highlights the experiences of housing during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly stories of life during lockdown. It elaborates how the pandemic has reshaped many experiences of the home, both in terms of one's private dwelling and other public-, semi public-, and private-spaces that perform functions associated with the ‘home’.
Parks in a Pandemic: Attachments, Absences, and Exclusions
Authors: Dobson Julian
Published: January 2022

One of the ironies of the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK has been the sudden prominence of public parks and green spaces, as these spaces have been the undervalued poor relations of urban planning for more than a decade. This chapter draws on recent research on the importance of urban green spaces for mental wellbeing and the impacts of COVID-19 on users’ experiences of urban parks and public spaces in Sheffield. It describes which publics are served by public space in a pandemic, and who is excluded and made invisible through shifting perceptions and uses of green spaces.
America Under COVID-19: The Plight of the Old
Authors: Low Setha , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia
Published: January 2022

How can we alleviate the plight of older people during COVID-19? This chapter takes stock and assesses the effectiveness of the efforts against the pandemic in the US, particularly for people over 60. It argues that this age category is often an afterthought for policy makers. The consequences of oversight, the fear of death, increased stigma and discrimination and the consequences of physical distancing and social isolation are adding to the anxiety and loneliness of the elderly. The chapter introduces four principles of the allocation of public space that privilege the old and most vulnerable citizens in parks and on public transit.
Public Libraries in Crises: Between Spaces of Care and Information Infrastructures
Authors: Corble Alice , van Melik Rianne
Published: January 2022

This chapter investigates shifting public library meanings and practices in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom during and after the crisis. In both countries, public libraries were already in some state of crisis prior to COVID-19 due to a decade of austerity measures. On top of that, the COVID-19 pandemic severely hampered the library’s function as social infrastructure, as libraries were being closed down for a while and reopened under strict regulations. This crisis-upon-crisis perpetuates social injustice for the most vulnerable of library users and workers, whose lives and livelihoods depend on social investment in libraries as spaces of care. This raises the question of who the public library is for, when services are stripped back to the bare functional minimum of information provision, and their vital social spaces and infrastructures are barred from urban life.
The Mundane and (Extra)Ordinary Public Spaces in India: Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Through an Everyday Lens in Chennai City
Authors: Rajendran Lakshmi Priya , Anjumuthu Aamstrong
Published: January 2022

In India, the lockdown imposed due to the pandemic is considered unprecedented for the sheer size of the population it affected and the extent of the mobility that happens within and across the cities it impacted. However, very little has been discussed in relation to public spaces and everyday life in Indian cities. The impact of the lockdown on public spaces can mean different things to different user groups. Using a socio-spatial lens, this chapter critically reflects on the role of everyday public spaces in Indian cities during the pandemic and how they potentially provide revealing insights on power relations and urban inequalities. Drawing upon theories from human geography, phenomenology, urban studies, environmental psychology, the chapter situates urban informality in public spaces in India within the everyday socio-spatial narratives of identity and belonging, the right to city and equity opportunities in cities.
Polarized image near-natural color fusion algorithm for target detection
Authors: Meng Jin , Cao Tianxing , Peng Jianyu , Wang Zhida , Wang Shifeng
Published: January 2022

In some automatic systems, target detection is a common task, and visible images are common sources of raw data. Researchers have confirmed that polarization information highlights manmade targets. We propose an algorithm that fuses polarized and visible images to improve detection accuracy. First, the polarization parameter and visible images are simultaneously converted to the HSV color space. The initial fused image after adjusting the hue and saturation will be transformed into the lab color space. Then, the bisecting

k

-means algorithm is employed to segment the visible image. The visible and initial images are divided into three types of regions for color transfer in lab color space. Finally, the fused image is transformed back to the RGB color space, and the PolarLITIS data set is applied. The experimental results show that the gradient and contrast of the fused image are improved by 115% and 235.3%, respectively, compared with the visible image, and the final fused image is suitable to view with the naked eye. The proposed algorithm significantly improves accuracy.
Bi-modal near-infrared fluorescence and ultrasound imaging via a transparent ultrasound transducer for sentinel lymph node localization: publisher’s note
Authors: Park Jeongwoo , Park Byullee , Yong Uijung , Ahn Joongho , Kim Jin Young , Kim Hyung Ham , Jang Jinah , Kim Chulhong
Published: January 2022

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 47, 393 (2022)10.1364/OL.446041.
Parasitism preference of Chalcid hymenopteran Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) confirms higher parasitism against housefly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae
Authors: Rauf Imran , Khuhro Niaz Hussain , Memon Raza Muhammad , Khan Imtiaz Ahmed
Published: January 2022

The housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is capable of transmitting many pathogens that cause severe diseases in humans and animals. Mostly the management tactics rely on synthetic chemicals, but these chemicals creates lethal effects on biological ecosystem. For natural and safe options, bio-control strategy is one of the choice. The present study was a part of such effort to use this strategy and validate the biological performance of the potential pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) against house fly and provide alternative and safe control of filthy flies. This is the first report on parasitism potential and preference of D. giffardii against house fly. The D. giffardii, early reported as an effective pupal parasitoid of tephritid flies, here in the case presented, showed overall 70% reduction in the house fly population by parasitizing pupae. The parasitism efficiency and longevity of hymenopteran parasitoid was remarkably noted two-fold higher and one-fold more female production on house fly pupae as compared to primary hosts (Tephritids). Furthermore, sex ratio of the resultant progeny was also confirmed the dominancy of female by 74% as compared to males. Based on the novel findings we therefore conclude that D. giffardii is the best bio-control agent for controlling house flies.
Mapping and size estimation of men who have sex with men in virtual platforms in Delhi, India
Authors: Isac Shajy , Parmar Purnima , Boodman Carl , Ola Shishram , Washington Reynold , Mishra J. K. , Kumar Parveen , Becker Marissa
Published: January 2022

Introduction

In India, the HIV epidemic is concentrated among Key Populations (KPs), such as men who have sex with men (MSM), who bear a disproportionate burden of HIV disease. Conventional targeted interventions (TI) mitigate HIV transmission among MSM by focusing on physical hotspots. As increasingly, there is a shift within India’s MSM community to connect with sex partners online, novel approaches are needed to map virtual platforms where sexual networks are formed. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of MSM in Delhi using virtual platforms to connect for sex and to describe patterns of their use.

Methods

The study was conducted in the state of Delhi among MSM over 18 years of age who used virtual platforms to look for sexual partners. Virtual platforms were identified through community consultations. Size estimation was carried out by enumerating the number of online users, accounting for duplication across sites and time and based on interviews with 565 MSM.

Results

28,058 MSM (95% CI: range 26,455–29,817) use virtual sites to find sexual partners. We listed 14 MSM specific virtual sites, 14 general virtual sites, 19 social networking pages and 112 messenger groups, all used by MSM. Five virtual sites met feasibility criteria to be included in the virtual mapping. Of the MSM on these sites, 81% used them at night and 94% used them on Sundays, making these the peak time and day of use. Only 16% of users were aware of organizations providing HIV services and 7% were contacted by peer educators in the preceding three months. Two-fifths (42%) also visited a physical location to connect with sexual partners in the month prior to the study.

Discussion

TI programs that focus on physical hotspots do not reach the majority of MSM who use virtual sites. MSM active on virtual sites have a low awareness of HIV services. Virtual mapping and programmatic interventions to include them must be incorporated into current public health interventions to reach MSM at risk of HIV.
Relations between body and clothing in performance: Costume as an activator of bodily actions
Authors: Imparato Joana
Published: January 2022

This article reflects upon the relationship between body and costume in the character ‘Woman from the Past’ in the production Life and Times of Carlos & Carlos directed by Emílio Di Biasi in in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on the account of the performer Gaby Imparato about her scenic dress, I investigate the dynamics of body–costume relationship based on Bodymedia Theory, which reassesses the concept of body concerning design processes and practices in the production of scenic costumes and in the costume design research literature. The theory provides tools to discuss costumes and bodies intertwined in a co-defined relationship while onstage, inviting us to rethink predetermined resources in costume production. The performer’s account helps to verify how the costume designer’s intentions and stimuli offered to the body onstage, predefined in the costume design, find other paths to developing scenic actions. This proposition allows me to discuss the relationship between body and costume onstage when understood as an articulator of perception and action. Thus, I can enunciate costume as an activator of bodily actions in rehearsals and on the scene.
Agentic Aharya: Vibrant masks from South Asia
Authors: Chatterjee Deepsikha
Published: January 2022

This essay foregrounds visuals of masks and costumes from Chhau and Bhaona performances from South Asia. Using a new materialist lens along with writings on ritual images, it reflects on how these masks and costumes have agency. Referred to as Aharya in the Indian context, the masks and costumes of the case studies straddle a unique position between performative objects, religious objects and everyday decorative objects. This multiple positionality endows the masks and costumes an agency that displaces the traditional subject–object binaries of actor and costume. Highlighting Aharya’s inherent affective and ritual properties and foregrounding the mask-makers’ use of local materials, centuries-old techniques and their skills and creativity to conceptualize masks that work alongside and beyond performances, the visual essay shows how these objects exceed the maker and the performer and reach wider audiences.
The European Tradition
Authors: Weltak Marcel
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the European influences on Surinamese music and provides a survey of the most important classical music composers as well as detailing the music of military and police brass bands, church choirs, and bazuinkoor ensembles that played music with heavy European influences. European classical music in Suriname was mainly influenced by German composers, and predominately Johannes Sebastian Bach. The most plausible explanation for this can be found in the largest European religious denomination in Suriname the Protestant church founded by Moravian missionaries.

Another influence stems from English church music that dates to the time of English rule. English hymns that together with German chorales that were played by the bazuinkoor (choir of trumpets) small ensembles of brass instruments, ended up becoming vehicles for the composer’s repertoire. The earliest songs were almost purely European, but gradually evolved to incorporate popular local rhythmic patterns to become part of compositions.
Surinamese Jazz in the Netherlands
Authors: Weltak Marcel
Published: January 2022

Surinamese jazz musicians began playing jazz in The Netherlands earlier than they did in Suriname, and jazz has different backgrounds in both countries as well. This chapter deals with the rise and reception of Surinamese jazz musicians in The Netherlands from the 1930s through to the 1970s.

“It cannot be a coincidence,” wrote Herman ‘Doctor Jazz’ Openneer, “that Surinamese jazz began in The Netherlands in 1935.” The fee people like Armstrong commanded for a performance was much too high for many promotors in those days. Someone soon came up with the idea of offering Surinamers contracts and giving them American names. From then on Theodoor Kantoor was known as Teddy Cotton, and Arthur Parisius became Kid Dynamite. The Dutch believed that all blacks who played jazz were American. Rumor has it a notice was sent to Suriname: “Guys, come to Holland and take your guitar and two drumsticks with you.”
Jazz in Suriname
Authors: Weltak Marcel
Published: January 2022

There was an enormous influx of jazz in Suriname itself, especially in the decades after World War II. Jazz and swing got their niche alongside other more traditional native music and European classical and ‘light’ entertainment music. Many Surinamers were inspired by jazz from the United States. A few of them founded their own jazz bands. Jazz records came into the country via the American soldiers who were stationed in Suriname during World War II “to protect the bauxite industry.” Musicians in Paramaribo first heard and saw the North American orchestras in the movie houses.
Diary 1 2006–2007
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter begins the personal diary of experiences at the terreiro (temple) in Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro, and contact with Babá Carlos Ojé Dúdú, the elder Egúngún priest of Xango Cá Te Espero. This chapter explores contact with the dead as exemplified by the appearance to Babá Carlos of the spirit of Betty Barney, the first person to bring Egúngún to the US. The pioneering of Egúngún in the US is discussed. It is advanced that the purpose of bringing Egúngún to the US was to forever break the psychological chains of slavery for Black Americans. It is proposed that the spirit of the author’s godmother, Betty Barney, followed him to Brazil. This chapter discusses the possibility of summoning her spirit and the ritual obligation involved; it is related to the author of his obligation to finish her work.
Bringing Up Manga
Authors: Exner Eike
Published: January 2022

More than two decades after the creation of the mimetic form of comics in the USA, editors at magazines and newspapers in Japan, through the importation and translation of such comic strips, drastically changed the trajectory of graphic narrative there. Their efforts between 1923 and 1940 led to the adoption of the American comic strip as the primary model for Japanese graphic narrative, and modern manga should be considered the offspring of these translated comic strips. In this chapter, Eike Exner documents the pivotal role of the editors who imported comic strips or encouraged Japanese artists to imitate them. Though their contributions tend to be overlooked, editors like Kubo Akira, Matsui Komazō, Inui Shin’ichirō, Takada Tomoichirō, Katō Ken’ichi and—first and foremost—Suzuki Bunshirō were responsible for the genesis of contemporary Japanese comics no less than artists were. Without them, modern manga might have developed very differently.
“All That Shakespeare Stuff”
Authors: Sabeti Shari
Published: January 2022

Students and teachers constitute an increasingly important public for comics and graphic novels. While comics and education have not always had a positive history, now it seems that the relationship has blossomed. Teachers employ graphic novels and comic book adaptations to address a changing literacy landscape dominated by visual and digital forms of knowledge. In this chapter, Shari Sabeti analyses literary adaptations into the comics medium—specifically, the most challenging of verbal texts taught in schools, Shakespeare. Using the concept of public pedagogy to foreground adaptors’ own perspectives on the pedagogical work of adapting Shakespeare into the comic book form, it posits the “educational” comic book and “Shakespeare” as sites where pedagogies are enacted between adaptors, text, and the reading public.
Follow the Readers
Authors: Galdieri Christopher J.
Published: January 2022

Who we select as our leaders says something about who we imagine ourselves to be, and stories about superhero teams frequently turn on questions of leadership. The creators behind the Legion of Super-Heroes went so far as to hold elections where readers cast ballots to choose which character would serve as team leader. The results of the Legion’s elections suggest that readers often advanced an expansive conception of heroism by electing characters who did not necessarily fit the heroic mold that was prevalent in superhero comics at the time. In this chapter, Christopher J. Galdieri examines these elections. Legion fans in many cases ensured that the team was led by characters who were female, underestimated, or identified by readers as gay. In doing so, these fans challenged existing conceptions of what heroes truly are.
Christmas: Boxing Day Eve
Authors: McGregory Jerrilyn
Published: January 2022

This study commences by examining Boxing Day’s foundation, colligating the cultural holiday from its ancient origins—including Egypt. Boxing Day also owes its existence to Catholicism, which invested December 26 with St. Stephen—the first Christian martyr. McGregory locates, by way of the medieval crusades, an apposite site for cultural amalgamation and the introduction of Baksheesh—an Arabic word and possible homonym. This Middle East practice of tipping connects Victorian trade unions and the merchant class with British Boxing Day and mumming—masquerading in elaborate costumes. In 1871, the Bank Holiday Act established Boxing Day as a public holiday throughout the British Commonwealth of Nations, spawning a precise timeline for the already established cultural productions performed in the Protestant ACW.
“Military Drums Remain”: Gombeys, John Canoe, and The 26th
Authors: McGregory Jerrilyn
Published: January 2022

McGregory argues to extend ACW from the American Tidewater states to St. Augustine, Florida. The impetus here is to contextualize Bermuda’s Gombey Dancers in order to analogize this performance community with that of a North Florida reciprocal support network. The fascination is a speculative one engaging Bermuda’s Gombey Dancers, U.S. John Canoe, and their possible North Florida “cousin”—a Shooting Match held on December 26 in Tallahassee. The chapter also introduces the ascendancy of bass and snare drums (western military instruments), which take on new meaning(s) and rhythms in multiple contexts.
Foreday Morning
Authors: McGregory Jerrilyn
Published: January 2022

Chapter six engages the nocturnal orientation of the aforementioned seasonal festal productions. Throughout Africa and the African Diaspora, darkness is especially foreboding. While on the surface appearing universal, this chapter analyses the cultural specificity relative to darkness. The phrase, “in total darkness,” conveys both literally and figuratively this communal festive response. On the one hand, the night time is the right time casting out of the shadows of history the force of darkness, by inviting an endarkened, collective experience. On the other hand, total darkness also denotes Boxing Day’s basic obscurity. This chapter, then, traces the multiple cultural, historical, and political subtexts for such a trope.
Conclusion
Authors: McGregory Jerrilyn
Published: January 2022

The conclusion, “From Carnivalesque to Ritualesque” is one of reflection and projection. As island communities fragment, practitioners no longer seek just the carnivalesque psychic release but support obligatory rituals, directed at enculturating their young in the face of injustice and oppression. For many the perpetuation and preservation of Gombeys, Junkanoos, as well as J’ouvert fulfill time-honored practices conducive to exhibiting cultural politics with the possibility for social change. Dialectically speaking, locals view their living cultural traditions as an industry but not just for the sake of commodification but for the sake of each consummated ritualized moment, unleashing a cyclical spirit that lasts year-round.
Association among hsCRP Levels, Bone Mineral Density, and Periodontal Parameters in Postmenopausal Women
Authors:   Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India, aasthabaldodia626@gmail.com, Baldodia Aastha , kumar Sharma Rajinder ,   Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India, Tewari Shikha ,   Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, India, Arora Aman ,   Private Practice, Faridabad, India, amanarora8412@gmail.com
Published: January 2022

Association of Osteoporosis and periodontitis is well documented. Osteopenia being the initial state of bone loss prior to osteoporosis; finding its correlation with clinical attachment loss holds significance in the process of establishing early reduction in BMD as a risk factor for periodontitis. Objectives: The present cross sectional study aimed to explore the association of osteopenia with serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and periodontal parameters in narrow age range postmenopausal (PM) women. Methods: 112 participants in this single centred cross sectional study were bifurcated into test group: osteopenic PM women [n=62], and control group: normal bone mineral density [BMD] PM women [n=50]. BMD, serum levels of hsCRP, and periodontal parameters were recorded. Results: Clinical attachment loss [CAL] and hsCRP were found to be signiﬁcantly higher in the osteopenic PM group. Conclusion: An association of osteopenia with increased CAL in PM women was found, implicating postmenopausal osteopenia associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The present study hints towards the comprehensive management of Periodontitis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women by maintaining a good coordination between the physicians and dentists.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Pineapple Hump (Ananas comosus) on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro
Authors:   Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, abdulsoulisa@yahoo.co.id, Gani Soulissa Abdul , Lombardo Billy ,   Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, billylombardo.bl@gmail.com, Sari Widyarman Armelia ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, armeliasari@trisakti.ac.id
Published: January 2022

Background: Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral health problems in Indonesia that affects supporting tissues of the teeth. Porphyromonas gingivalis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Alternative therapy with natural plant extracts, including pineapple (Ananas comosus) hump extract may inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause periodontal disease. Objective: To determine the effect of pineapple hump extract on bacterial growth and adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. Method: The bacterial inhibition test was performed by the agar well diffusion method, and biofilm density measurements were made using the biofilm assay method. Results: Pineapple hump extract can inhibit bacterial growth optimally at a concentration of 100%, with an average zone of inhibition of 7.3 mm. The extract at a 50% concentration can eradicate the biofilms in a 6 h incubation time with an average OD of 0.124. The Shapiro-Wilk method confirmed a normal distribution of the data. Both one-way ANOVA and post hoc test showed a significant difference between the inhibitory ability of pineapple hump extract and between concentrations to restrict formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. Conclusion: Pineapple hump extract was able to inhibit bacterial growth and eradicate the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms in vitro.
Globalny system akademicki i stratyfikująca rola badań naukowych
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: January 2022

The global stratification of higher education institutions is accompanied by the vertical differentiation of the academic profession. The various segments of the profession and the various components of higher education systems have been drifting apart. A general contrast emerges between the haves and have-nots in terms of working conditions and the attractiveness of the academic profession at the individual level; and the global visibility in league tables and access to national research funding at the institutional level. In massified systems, the traditional teaching-research nexus will be maintained in practice almost exclusively in the small elite sub-sector. The opportunities at the disposal of institutions will vary immensely in the future, but the most important, qualitative distinction will be between the top 1,000 universities and the rest (comprising about 25,000–30,000 institutions).
Uczony jako intelektualista publiczny. Przykład religioznawstwa
Authors: Sztajer Sławomir
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the role of public intellectuals, with particular emphasis on scholars specializing in the study of religions. While various functions and aims of public intellectuals are taken into account, the article focuses primarily on risks related to scholars’ engagement in public discourse. The history of the academic study of religion shows that many of its representatives were involved in various ideological endeavors, including political ideologies. It is argued that the main role of the public intellectual in the study of religion is not to be a functionary of religious institutions nor even an interpreter of religious traditions, but a critical researcher who impartially popularizes knowledge about religions and highlights the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of the religious world.
Fasting Blood Glucose but not TMAO is Associated with In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Boda , Xue Yajun , Zhou Jie , Sun Shenjie , Lv Tingting , Zhang Ou , Geng Yu , Miao Guobin , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2022

Background: The purpose of our study was to assess whether the occurrence of ISR might be associated with plasma TMAO levels in patients with ACS after DES implantation.

Methods: This was a single center retrospective case-control study, in which 64 symptomatic patients with repeated coronary angiography after PCI and 15 patients with ISR were included in the ISR group, and 49 patients without ISR were included in the non-ISR group. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure plasma TMAO levels.

Results: No significant differences were observed in plasma TMAO between the ISR and non-ISR groups. Plasma TMAO levels showed no significant correlation with ISR, but were significantly positively correlated with diabetes mellitus, serum HbA1c levels and serum creatinine levels; moreover, they were significantly negatively correlated with female sex. ISR was significantly positively correlated with diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose levels, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and syntax score; in addition, it was significantly negatively correlated with platelets. Logistic regression analysis indicated that fasting blood glucose was the only independent predictor of ISR.

Conclusion: Plasma TMAO may not be associated with ISR and plaque burden in patients with ACS after DES implantation, whereas FBG may predict the development of ISR in these patients.
Hallazgo de restos arqueológicos en Chullkumayu, en la cuenca alta del río Pampas—Ayacucho
Authors: Conde Vilca Juan
Published: January 2022

En el año 2012, durante la construcción de la carretera que conectaría las capitales de los distritos de Chuschi y Totos, dejaron al descubierto restos arqueológicos, específicamente en el lugar conocido por la población como Chullkumayu. Estos restos fueron hallados en las coordenadas UTM 565821 E, 8497275 N, a 2 941 m.s.n.m., en la margen derecha de la subcuenca del río Chullkumayu, en la margen izquierda de la cuenca alta del río Pampas. Políticamente, se encuentra en la jurisdicción de la comunidad campesina de Quispillaccta, distrito de Chuschi, provincia de Cangallo y región de Ayacucho. Se encuentra a 4 km aproximadamente al Oeste de Quispillaccta, a 2 km aprox. al Sureste de Pirhuamarka y a 3 km aprox. de Llacctahurán.
Educação a Distância e Ensino Remoto: oposição pelo vértice
Authors: Veloso Braian , Mill Daniel
Published: January 2022

Durante a pandemia, adotou-se aquilo que, apesar de algumas variações terminológicas, se convencionou chamar de Ensino Remoto (ER), opondo-o à Educação a Distância (EaD). Neste ensaio, temos como objetivo avaliar as aparentes distinções, problematizando-as. Concluímos que os esforços voltados a separar diametralmente as duas realidades são, em muitos sentidos, equivocados. Defendemos, sob esse prisma, que o ER, se se quer preservar sua dimensão emergencial, nada mais é do que uma configuração possível para tudo aquilo que chamamos de EaD, pois compreende, fundamentalmente, a separação no espaço e/ou no tempo entre os sujeitos, bem como o uso de tecnologias que viabilizam a mediação pedagógica.
Qualitätssicherung für FDT-basierte Produkte
Authors: Peeters Katrien , Weller Thomas
Published: January 2022

Die Funktionsfähigkeit und damit den Markterfolg ihrer Technologie zur Integration von Feldgeräten in Automatisierungssysteme sichert die FDT Group durch ein spezielles Qualitätskonzept. Es umfasst die Zertifizierung von DTMs und Rahmenapplikationen auf Einhaltung der FDT-Spezifikation ebenso wie Interoperabilitätstests und Vorgaben zur einheitlichen und leicht beherrschbaren Gestaltung der Bedienoberflächen. Den Nutzen daraus ziehen die Anwender in Form besonders hoher Funktionssicherheit der FDT-Technologie in ihren Anlagen.
Genauigkeit von Messgeräten überwachen
Authors: Hauff Thomas , Liang Wushan , Strauß Matthias , Brecher Christian , Obdenbusch Markus
Published: January 2022

In komplexen Schutzeinrichtungen, bei denen mehrere Messsignale durch mathematische Berechnungen zu einem sicherheitsrelevanten Resultat verknüpft werden, können Messfehler das Resultat beträchtlich verfälschen. Bereits eine geringe Verschlechterung der Messunsicherheit muss daher zuverlässig erkannt werden. Es wurde eine Strategie entwickelt, um das Driften von Messsignalen in Schutzeinrichtungen durch Vergleich redundanter Kanäle automatisch zu detektieren. Als partial proof test zwischen Kalibrierungen werden die redundanten Kanäle gegeneinander geprüft. Dazu können in regelmäßigen Abständen die Differenzen der Kanäle bei ungestörten Testsituationen überwacht werden. Die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Methode zur Drifterkennung wurde durch eine Analyse der Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit verifiziert. Zur Vereinfachung sollen normale Betriebsdaten anstelle definierter Testsituationen verwendet werden. Das erfordert eine hohe Qualität der zu vergleichenden Signale, was in der Praxis wegen Fluktuationen der Messsignale nicht ohne weitere Maßnahmen möglich ist. Daher wurde eine Methode zur Trendanalyse der Signale entwickelt. Dazu werden ein rekursives Tiefpassfilter und ein Differenzierer zur Vorverarbeitung der Signale verwendet, sodass sich die Methode in typischen sicherheitsgerichteten Steuerungen einfach online realisieren lässt.
OPC UA and ISA 95
Authors: Brandl Dennis , Hunkar Paul , Mahnke Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

ISA 95 bietet ein Informationsmodell, das Materialien, Personal, Equipment, technische Anlagen, und andere Information auf der Ebene des Produktionsprozessmanagements repräsentiert. OPC UA offeriert eine verlässliche Kommunikationsinfrastruktur. Die Fähigkeiten zur Informationsmodellierung von OPC UA ermöglichen die generische und konfigurierbare Repräsentation der ISA 95-Information und den schnellen synchronen Datenaustausch, wie er für Produktionsabläufe erforderlich ist. Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen Ansatz zur Abbildung von ISA 95 nach OPC UA, der den interoperablen Informationsaustausch ermöglicht.
FDI und das Internet der Dinge
Authors: Schulz Dirk
Published: January 2022

Mit Field Device Integration (FDI) ist ein industrieweiter Konsens bezüglich einheitlicher Geräteintegration in der Prozessautomatisierung gefunden. Mit der Veröffentlichung der IEC 62769 ist die zugehörige Standardisierung der FDI-Kerntechnologie abgeschlossen, erste Produkte wurden auf der Hannovermesse 2015 vorgestellt. Abwärtskompatibilität zu EDDL und herstellerübergreifende Unterstützung dieses Standards sind die Garanten für nachhaltigen Investitionsschutz in bestehenden Produktionsanlagen. Die gemeinsame Entwicklung einer FDI-Referenzimplementierung durch die Mitglieder der FDI-Cooperation sorgt für Interoperabilität zwischen verschiedenen Herstellern von Feldgeräten und Gerätemanagementsystemen. Mit der OPC-UA-Schnittstelle gestaltet sich vertikaler Datenzugriff barrierefrei. Investitionsschutz, Interoperabilität, Stabilität und vertikale Integration sind die Kernvorteile, die FDI bereits in der hierarchischen Systemarchitektur der heutigen Automatisierungspyramide ausspielen kann. Nun steht mit Industrie 4.0 eine neue Herausforderung für Automatisierungsindustrie und produzierendes Gewerbe an. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht, wie FDI die Integrationsaufgaben der Industrie 4.0 erfüllen kann und wie sich die Auflösung der Automatisierungspyramide mit Sicherheit und Kontrolle über Anlagenassets (Investitionen) vereinbaren lässt.
Selbstoptimierende Produktionssysteme
Authors: Stemmler Sebastian , Abel Dirk , Adams Oliver , Klocke Fritz
Published: January 2022

Um konventionelle Produktionsmaschinen für ein zu fertigendes Produkt einzustellen, ist ein fundiertes Prozess- und Maschinenverständnis des Fachpersonals notwendig. Zur Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrades wird im Beitrag das Konzept selbstoptimierender Produktionssysteme vorgestellt. Essenziell ist dabei der systematische Aufbau zusätzlicher Regelschleifen. Mit Hilfe einer modellbasierten prädiktiven Regelung wird eine Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, mit der die hardwarenahen Regelungen von den übergeordneten Optimierungsverfahren entkoppelt werden können und so die Übertragbarkeit der Selbstoptimierung verbessert werden kann.
Didaktischer Ansatz zur Entwicklung künstlicher neuronaler Netze
Authors: Van de Sand Ron , Schulz Sebastian , Reiff-Stephan Jörg , Stolpmann Alexander
Published: January 2022

Die zunehmende Komplexität zukünftiger Automatisierungssysteme erfordert den vermehrten Einsatz von maschinellen Lernmethoden, wodurch neue Anforderungen an die Lehre an Hochschulen im Bereich der Ingenieurwissenschaften gestellt werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen didaktischen Ansatz zur projektbasierten Wissensvermittlung anhand des autonomen Fahrens. Im vorgestellten Lehrprojekt wird ein künstliches neuronales Netz (KNN) zur Steuerung eines autonomen Fahrsystems entwickelt.Darüber hinaus wird das Funktionsprinzip von genetischen Algorithmen als globale Optimierungsverfahren gelehrt und als Methodik zur Strukturoptimierung von KNN angewendet.
Sicherheitslebenszyklen für die modulare Automation in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Pelzer Florian
Published: January 2022

Die Flexibilisierung modularer Anlagen stellt die Vorgehensweisen zur Risikoreduktion mit PLT-Sicherheitseinrichtungen vor neue Herausforderungen. Um Flexibilitätseinbußen zu verringern, muss der gesamte Sicherheitslebenszyklus sowie die darin enthaltenen Tätigkeiten für die Anforderungen der modularen Automation angepasst werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die bestehenden Lebenszyklusmodelle aus IEC 61508 und IEC 61511 hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die Anwendung in modularen Anlagen untersucht. Dafür werden die Anforderungen aus Sicht der Process Equipment Assemblies und modularen Anlagen aufgelistet, die einzelnen Phasen der Normen dagegen verglichen und entsprechend ihrer Eignung bewertet. Zur Evaluierung wurden die abgeleiteten Sicherheitslebenszyklen im Rahmen mehrerer Fokusgruppen-Workshops mit Fachexperten auf die Erfüllung der normativen Anforderungen sowie auf Verständlichkeit und Durchführbarkeit geprüft. Das Ergebnis ist jeweils ein Sicherheitslebenszyklus für das PEA- sowie das Anlagenengineering, in dem die Anforderungen umgesetzt wurden.
The Ethernet-APL Engineering Process
Authors: Niemann Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2022

The vision “Industrial Ethernet down to the sensors and actors” became reality. At the Achema fair in June 2021 Ethernet-APL got introduced to the market. Base of this technology is a 2-wire Ethernet that conveys information as well as energy to the sensors and actors of the automation system. Ethernet-APL is based on 2 wire Ethernet standard IEEE 802.3cg [1] running at 10 Mbit/s. An additional specification, the Ethernet-APL Port Profile Specification [2], defines additional parameters for the use of the technology in the process industry, especially in areas with potentially explosive atmosphere. As a next step, potential users need to become familiar with the engineering process of Ethernet-APL networks. For this purpose, the APL project provides the Ethernet-APL Engineering Guideline [3] that covers the main areas of planning, installation and acceptance test. This article will give an overview on the Ethernet-APL engineering process and show the relevant planning steps.
Reaktionen von Flohkrebsen und Makrozoobenthos auf die Nachrüstung einer Kläranlage mit einer Pulveraktivkohlestufe
Authors: Peschke Katharina , Burmester Janne , Hermann Markus , Köhler Heinz-r. , Reitter Katharina , Scheurer Marco , Wurm Karl , Triebskorn Rita
Published: January 2022

Die vorgestellte Arbeit ist Teil des BMBF-Verbundprojekts „SchussenAktivplus“, das an den Bodenseezuflüssen Schussen und Argen durchgeführt wird. Die Kläranlage (KA) Langwiese bei Ravensburg, welche in die Schussen einleitet, wurde im Winter 2013 mit einer Pulveraktivkohlestufe aufgerüstet. Im hier vorgestellten Teil des Projektes wurde der Gesundheitszustand von Flohkrebsen (Gammarus spec.) und die Integrität der Makrozoobenthosgemeinschaft an Probestellen ober- und unterhalb der KA sowie vor und nach Ausbau der KA untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der Ausbau der KA mit einer Pulveraktivkohlestufe bereits 15 Monate nach Einbau positiv auf den Gesundheitszustand von Flohkrebsen und die Artengemeinschaft des Makrozoobenthos auswirkt.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVOS INTANGÍVEIS E RENTABILIDADE DAS EMPRESAS:
Authors: De Araújo Januário Alessandro Henrique , Dantas Alves Victor Sandeje , Bomfim Gomes Hellen
Published: January 2022

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o efeito causado na rentabilidade pelo grau de intangibilidade das empresas com ações negociadas na [B]³. Justifica-se pela relevância que o mercado atribui à investigação do comportamento dos ativos intangíveis na estrutura das organizações. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa. A amostra é composta por 160 empresas não financeiras e 1.280 observações. Os dados foram coletados por meio da base Bloomberg® em janeiro de 2020, relativos ao período de 2011 a 2018, analisados por regressão em painel com efeitos aleatórios e efeitos fixos. Os testes estatísticos e seus diagnósticos do modelo da regressão foram gerados com suporte do software Stata®. Os resultados indicam que o grau de intangibilidade, liquidez corrente e a variação da receita apresentam efeito positivo e significativo na rentabilidade das empresas, diferente do endividamento, que apresenta efeito negativo. A contribuição do estudo está em ampliar a discussão acerca dos ativos intangíveis e sua relação com o desempenho das empresas, utilizando empresas de oito setores econômicos distintos.
A Crise na Biodiversidade e suas Reverberações na Saúde Humana: um Panorama Teórico
Authors: Araújo Santos Lázaro
Published: January 2022

O declínio da biodiversidade devido as ações humanas têm sido documentadas há muito tempo. Contudo, nas últimas décadas esse declínio tem atingidos valores alarmantes. Como resultado da perda da diversidade biológica observa-se inúmeras consequências, o presente trabalho, enfocara nas consequências sanitárias, e, dessa forma discutirá quais são as principais reverberações que a atual crise na biodiversidade acarreta a saúde humana. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas em diferentes plataformas acadêmicas. Após análise dos artigos selecionados, inferiu-se que as principais consequências da perda da biodiversidade para saúde humana foram:  Aumento no número de doenças zoonóticas; crescimento no número de pessoas que adoeceram direta, ou indiretamente – devido a mudanças climáticas e a emergência e/ou re-emergência de enfermidades provenientes da poluição. Assim, sugere-se que estudos que incorporem as duas dimensões, saúde e biodiversidade, possam ocorrer com maior ênfase, tendo em vista que compreender essa correlação não só nos auxiliará na construção de mecanismo de proteção como, também, poderá ajudar na elaboração de medidas para evitar doenças com potencial pandêmico. Além disso, faz-se necessário a inserção de ações conservacionistas dentro das políticas de saúde global, uma vez que diferentes quadros patológicos são oriundos das modificações que a humanidade vem realizando à biodiversidade. 
 
Palavras-chave: Conservação. Diversidade Biológica. Políticas Sanitárias.
 
Abstract
Biodiversity decline due to human actions has been documented for a long time. However, in recent decades this decline has reached alarming levels. As a result of the loss of biological diversity, there are numerous consequences, this work will focus on the health consequences, and thus will discuss what are the main reverberations that the current crisis in biodiversity causes to human health. Therefore, bibliographic searches were carried out in different academic platforms. After analyzing the selected articles, it was inferred that the main consequences of the loss of biodiversity for human health were: Increase in the number of zoonotic diseases; growth in the number of people who became ill directly or indirectly due to climate change and the emergence and/or re-emergence of illnesses arising from the emergency. Thus, it is essential that incorporating as two dimensions, health and biodiversity, occur with greater emphasis, considering that understanding this comparison of studies not only in aids in the construction of a protection mechanism, but also can help in the definition of measures to prevent diseases with pandemic potential. In addition, it is necessary to insert conservation actions within global health policies, since different pathological conditions arise from the modification that humanity has been making to biodiversity.
 
Keywords: Conservation. Biological Diversity. Health Policies.
Adapting literature works taught in schools into music
Authors: Do Thi Thach
Published: January 2022

Thanks to the interference and encounter with many arts, literary texts can be “recreated” to new forms of art which include music. This article will deal with the concept of adaptation, the formation history and the process of adaptation, the close relationship between music and literature, which is the basic of literary adaptation. In terms of music adaptation activitities in schools this article points out the pros and cons, thereby proposing some matters involving in methods of adapting literature to music.