bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Radiodiagnosis of Pseudogynecomastia, Gynecomastia and Breast Cancer in Men
Authors: Воротынцева Н. , Vorotynceva N. , Мошуров И. , Moshurov I. , Ганзя М. , Ganzya M.
Published: August 2018

Background: With the growth in the equipment clinics with modern diagnostic equipment is increasing the detectability of male breast pathology. In this connection there is a need to determine X-ray characteristics of some forms of the male breast pathology especially breast cancer, because in Russia it stills a problem of detecting male breast cancer at early stages. Purpose: To determine the diagnostic capabilities of chest CT to detect various pathologies of the male breast and to identify the statistically significant radiological symptoms for the differential diagnosis of pseudogynecomastia, gynecomastia and breast cancer. Material and methods: 150 chest CT of men who were screened and treated for the various diseases in the Voronezh Regional Clinical Diagnostic Center and Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2013–2015. X-ray examinations (13 chest CT, 4 PET-CT and 16 mammography) of 31 male patients with breast cancer who were surgically treated at the Voronezh Regional Oncology Hospital in 2010–2016 are presented. Results: The obtained data on the prevalence of pseudogynecomastia and gynecomastia in men who have no presenting complaints about changes in breast. Determined the forms of gynecomastia in this group of patients. Identified radiographic signs that allow a differential diagnosis between gynecomastia and breast cancer. Conclusions: 1. Gynecomastia is a common pathology of the male breast diagnosed by chest CT, and was diagnosed in 68.7 % of patients, who have no presenting complaints about changes in breast. In 96.1 % of cases, gynecomastia had a dendritic form. Diffuse glandular and nodular were rare forms of the disease and were respectively 2.9 % and 1 % of all cases of this disease. 2. Statistically significant signs of malignant character of breast masses in men were: a) the connection of the tumor with skin, areola or nipple in the form of «track» to them, thickening of the skin, «pulling» of the skin or nipple to neoplasm or their immediate invasion by tumor; b) tumor invasion into the pectoralis major muscle; c) presence of microcalcifications in neoplasm; d) presence of pathologically altered axillary lymph nodes. The determination of these radiological symptoms require immediate consultation of an oncologist. 3. Statistically significant signs of the benign character of breast masses in men were: a) bilateral lesion and the symmetry of the changes in the breasts; b) adipose tissue inclusions in breast masses. When detection gynecomastia it needs the consultation of urologist, endocrinologist, oncologist. 4. Awareness of physicians and radiologists on the possibility of developing breast cancer in men and the knowledge of the symptoms of this disease is crucial to detect male breast cancer at early stages and, as a consequence, more successful treatment and a favorable prognosis.
Speaking out on strangles
Authors: de Brauwere Nic
Published: August 2018

Redwings' Head of Welfare and Behaviour Nic de Brauwere MRCVS explains why the charity's updated Strangles: Speak Out information pack reflects appetite for change in the horse world
Increasing Self-Advocacy for Secondary Students With Disabilities: Evaluating Effects of ME!
Authors: Mazzotti Valerie L. , Rowe Dawn A. , Wall Jennifer C. , Bradley Katie E.
Published: August 2018

Self-determination skills are a critical skill set that may increase the likelihood of students with disabilities attaining positive inclusive experiences in school that lead to inclusion into society. Although a number of self-determination curricula exist, there is limited research that evaluates the effectiveness of the ME! curriculum for improving secondary students with disabilities' self-advocacy knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the ME! on self-advocacy and self-awareness knowledge and skills for secondary students with disabilities. Results demonstrated a functional relation between the ME! and participants' knowledge of ME! content. All participants showed increased participation during posttransition planning meetings. Findings support use of the ME! for enhancing students' self-advocacy and self-awareness knowledge and skills and generalizing that knowledge to authentic, inclusive contexts. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Distinguir donde la ley no distingue. Las madres privadas de libertad por fuera del sistema de Asignaciones Familiares.
Authors: Arcidiácono Pilar
Published: August 2018

Desde 2009 Argentina masificó el sistema de Asignaciones Familiares con la creación de la Asignación Universal por Hijo ( AUH ) y también se hicieron cambios y ampliaciones en las tradicionales Asignaciones para trabajadores asalariados. Sin embargo, aquí se analizará un grupo minoritario que no accede a estas prestaciones. Son las madres que conviven con sus hijos menores de 4 años en contexto de encierro, tema que llegó a sede judicial y tuvo sentencia favorable de la Sala IV de la Cámara de Casación Penal.
La reforma universitaria de 1918: reflexiones en su centenario
Authors: Quiroga Hugo , Bacolla Natacha
Published: August 2018

Editorial
El ocaso de la «argentina liberal» y la tradición republicana. Reflexiones en torno a los discursos públicos de Agustín Justo, Roberto Ortiz y Marcelo T. de Alvear, 1930-1943
Authors: Losada Leandro
Published: August 2018

El artículo aborda la crisis de la «Argentina liberal», convencionalmente asociada con el golpe de Estado de 1930 . Para ello, se analizan los discursos públicos de tres figuras insoslayables de la política argentina entre 1930 y 1943 , que, además, se pensaron y fueron vistas como liberales: Agustín Justo, Roberto Ortiz y Marcelo T. de Alvear.
La democracia cristiana y la iglesia durante la última dictadura. Catolicismo, política y derechos humanos
Authors: Fabris Mariano
Published: August 2018

Este artículo busca arrojar luz sobre los vínculos existentes entre el Partido Demócrata Cristiano y la Iglesia católica en la historia reciente. Con este propósito se analizan las posiciones que asumió un grupo de dirigentes democristianos en la etapa posterior al golpe de estado de 1976 y durante la etapa de apertura política que se desenvolvió, con límites, en 1981.
De silencios, diatribas y apoyos. Los intelectuales de izquierda frente a la Guerra de Malvinas
Authors: Moretti Ignacio
Published: August 2018

¿Cómo se posicionó la izquierda intelectual frente a la guerra de las Malvinas? ¿Qué mapas conceptuales y marcos comprensivos fundamentaron su posicionamiento? ¿La variable explicativa medular sobre sus disímiles posturas publicas frente a la guerra remite a sus trayectorias intelectuales e ideológicas diferenciales o a otras circunstancias? Con el objetivo de intentar delinear respuestas exploratorias y siempre tentativas para dichas preguntas, este artículo buscará explicitar, describir y analizar los posicionamientos de un variado grupo de intelectuales de izquierda que representan distintas configuraciones especiales, pertenencias ideológicas y trayectos, y que generalmente no han sido objeto privilegiado de los abordajes especializados: la revista Punto de Vista, el colectivo intelectual de la revista Testimonio Latinoamericano y Néstor Perlongher.
Organización partidaria, liderazgos y dirigentes 1983-1991
Authors: Bollini Luciana
Published: August 2018

Se trata de una reseña de la obra de Marcela Ferrari y Virginia Mellado (compiladoras), Buenos Aires, EDUNTREF , 2016 , 336 pp.
MALFORMACIÓN EN EL PICO DE UN INDIVIDUO DE MARTÍN PESCADOR CHICO (Chloroceryle americana) EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL PRE–DELTA, DIAMANTE, ENTRE RÍOS (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Quiroga Virginia Mariela , Lammertink Martjan
Published: August 2018

Existen diferentes casos de malformaciones en picos de aves que pueden deberse a varios factores particulares. En esta nota se presenta la descripción de un ejemplar de Martín pescador chico Chloroceryle americana en el Parque Nacional Pre–Delta, provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina) con marcadas malformaciones en la mandíbula superior y a las bases de ambas mandíbulas de su pico. Se discute la baja frecuencia mundialmente de registros de Martin pescadores (Alcedinidae) con malformaciones en el pico.
COMUNICACIÓN DE LA CIENCIA ENTRE CIENTÍFICOS Y PERIODISTAS: CÓMO PASAR DEL DESEO A LA ACCIÓN
Authors: De Tezanos Pinto Paula
Published: August 2018

Introducción

La responsabilidad de cualquier investigador es realizar su investigación con rigurosidad y calidad y comunicar los resultados en ámbitos académicos (Figura 1a.). Sin embargo, en la actualidad muchos de los temas con los que se confronta la sociedad —escasez de agua, seguridad alimentaria, destrucción del ecosistema, inequidad de ingresos, pobreza, etc.— están íntimamente relacionados con la ciencia. Es por ello que actualmente el rol del científico debe ubicarse en la intersección de la investigación, los medios, la política y la sociedad civil (Baron, 2010) (Figura 1a–d). Este rol expandido implica que los científicos deben recorrer el camino hacia una comunicación más frecuente y de alta calidad en las noticias (Baron, 2010). Y de esta manera ampliar el alcance de las investigaciones científicas y su impacto. Cuando los periodistas prestan atención a un determinado tema (de ciencia) el público toma conciencia y los tomadores de decisiones deciden que es un tema que no se puede ignorar (Wells, 1996; Baron, 2010) (Figura 1e–f ). Es así que, cuando un tema determinado es el foco de atención de los medios, esto tiende a forzar a una resolución: ya sea proteger una especie, remover un dique, detener una obra, etc. (Baron, 2010). Según Baron (Science Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnrXkKCn7g), en los últimos años se modificó el paradigma; antes los científicos se preguntaban por qué era importante comunicar su ciencia
The national between the global and the local: Commemorating the First World War in Germany
Authors: Mulligan William
Published: August 2018

Algunos comentaristas alemanes se han referido al año 2014 como el Supergedenksjahr –el año de la súperconmemoración– que señala el 25 aniversario de la caída del Muro de Berlín, el 75 aniversario del comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el centenario del estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Este artículo ofrece varias observaciones acerca de la conmemoración de la Primera Guerra Mundial dentro del contexto más amplio de las política con respecto al pasado en la Alemania contemporánea. En primer lugar, la Primera Guerra Mundial emerge de las sombras de otros dos eventos de enorme importancia en la historia alemana del siglo XX –el Tercer Reich y la división de Alemaniasuperada en 1989. Si esto se mantendrá así es incierto, puesto que la atracción por los otros dos eventos se mantiene pujante. En segundo lugar, si hubo algún debate primordial en Alemania sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial se debe en gran parte al éxito del libro Sonámbulos, de Christopher Clark. Su tesis sobre la responsabilidad compartida se analizó en contraposición a la tesis de fondo de Fritz Fischer, que atribuía gran parte de la responsabilidad a los imprudentes líderes alemanes. A su vez, el resurgimiento del debate sobre la culpabilidad de la guerra se relacionó con los debates actuales sobre el rol de Alemania en la política europea. Para terminar, la conmemoración se ha caracterizado por un alejamiento del marco estado-nación, por lo que muchas exhibiciones y programas adoptan o una perspectiva global o local.
“All Quiet on the French Front”: The First World War Centenary in France and the Challenges of Republican Consensus
Authors: Varley Karine
Published: August 2018

Las conmemoraciones del centenario de la Primera Guerra Mundial en 2014 en Francia se han descrito por muchos comentaristas como marcadas por un nivel de consenso en contraposición al entorno político general y a los recuerdos divisivos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aún así, a pesar de los deseos comunes de honorar el poilu como un símbolo de los sacrificios de todos los soldados franceses, este artículo sostiene que la aparición del consenso enmascara tensiones más profundas entre los recuerdos de la Primera Guerra Mundial y las ideas y valores que sustentan la República Francesa. Durante la guerra y el periodo posterior, los mitos de la nación en armas sirvieron para legitimar la movilización y los inmensos sacrificios del pueblo francés. Las guerras de la Revolución Francesa establecieron la noción de la responsabilidad de los franceses en la defensa de su país, creando una conexión cercana entre el servicio militar, la ciudadanía y la membresía de la nación. Sin embargo, estas ideas se desafiaron por los recuerdos de los motines de 1917 y por los castigos impuestos a aquellos que desafiaron órdenes. Tras haber sido excluidos durante largo tiempo de las conmemoraciones oficiales, en 2014 el gobierno francés procuró rehabilitar la memoria de los soldados que fueron disparados para sentar ejemplo por cometer actos de desobediencia, espionaje y ofensas criminales. El recuerdo de aquellos soldados avivó las discrepancias sobre hasta qué punto habían consentido por voluntad propia a luchar y sacrificar sus vidas. De hecho, las reclamaciones de que los soldados habían sido «víctimas» reticentes socavaron los mitos de la «Unión Sagrada» de 1914 y los mismos cimientos de los conceptos republicanos de la nación.
Rusia a lo largo de los mandatos presidenciales de George W. Bush y Putin
Authors: Deyermond Ruth
Published: August 2018

El conflicto sobre la idea de democracia fue un factor clave en el deterioro de las relaciones bilaterales entre los Estados Unidos y Rusia a lo largo de la segunda etapa del mandato presidencial de George W. Bush (2005-2009). El apoyo gubernamental y no gubernamental estadounidense a la democratización de la región postsoviética fue visto por Rusia como un encubrimiento de los avances de los intereses nacionales estadounidenses en la zona, a expensas de los de Rusia. Como respuesta Rusia desarrolló estrategias prácticas y discursivas para contrarrestarlos. Los debates sobre el estado de la democracia Rusa, sobre la idea de «democracia soberana» y sobre la guía democrática (u otra) de las relaciones exteriores de los Estados Unidos emergieron durante esta etapa como lugares –y evidencia– de las disputas entre ambos estados. Este artículo sostiene que la retórica de fomento de la democracia estadounidense combinada con un patrón claro de instrumentalización del concepto de democracia que alentó –en los contextos de una más general política exterior asertiva estadounidense y de las «revoluciones de colores»– la respuesta de la instrumentalización de la idea y uso de «democracia» por las élites políticas rusas, que emplearon el concepto como la base de un reto discursivo al dominio global estadounidense. Como consecuencia, no solo es el contenido del término «democracia» motivo de discusión sino que, de modo crítico, la disputa ha quedado unida a temas como la identidad estatal, la seguridad estatal y conceptos de relaciones internacionales. «Democracia», por lo tanto, parece que se mantendrá como una fuente y como un medio de articular el descontento en la relación de los Estados Unidos con Rusia y los estados de Asia Central en un futuro previsible.
El aprendizaje institucional ruso y las operaciones regionales de paz: los casos de Georgia y Moldavia
Authors: Davies Lance
Published: August 2018

Este artículo examina el comportamiento de Rusia con respecto a los conflictos intraestatales en sus espacios regionales próximos a partir de 1990. La documentación existente atribuye la posición de Rusia principalmente a una extensión de su lógica de seguridad principal basada en el fomento de los intereses regionales hegemónicos. Aunque estos intereses no pueden ser ignorados, este artículo propone que la falta de aprendizaje institucional de Rusia de la doctrina y práctica de las operaciones de paz ha sido también un factor determinante, aunque descuidado, al dar forma a su respuesta ante los conflictos. Se argumenta que esto está integrado en un subconjunto persuasivo de lógicas de seguridad secundarias, basadas en la preocupación legítima por la seguridad y estabilidad regionales. Este análisis se basa en el cuestionamiento de los conflictos regionales en Georgia y Moldavia, puesto que ambos son los casos más reveladores de la experiencia de Rusia en operaciones de paz. El artículo concluye con unos breves comentarios sobre la crisis actual en Ucrania y cómo se relaciona esta con la reacción de Rusia al conflicto regional intraestatal.
Momentos de transición. El organismo ruso y la intervención internacional
Authors: David Maxine
Published: August 2018

Desde la anexión rusa de Crimea en Marzo de 2014 y el conflicto en curso en Ucrania, han proliferado las especulaciones sobre la posible dirección de la política exterior rusa y sus relaciones con Occidente. Relativamente pocos análisis hasta el momento han situado las acciones de Rusia en un contexto de debate más amplio sobre la intervención internacional y los valores posmodernos, que es lo que este artículo pretende conseguir. Apoyándonos en las ideas del Análisis de Política Exterior sobre los debates organismo-estructura, se argumenta que las acciones recientes de Rusia deben ser consideradas como una respuesta a la evolución a largo plazo de la intervención internacional. Además, se centra en la necesidad de reconocer el impacto de las unidades sobre las estructuras sistémicas y por lo tanto contribuye a la bibliografía sobre la relación organismo-estructura. El presente artículo sitúa la política exterior rusa en el contexto más amplio del pensamiento moderno versus el posmoderno, argumentando que el motor primordial de la política exterior rusa en la actualidad es asegurarse de que el sistema internacional que emerge tras las estructuras de la Guerra Fría es un sistema reformado, en el que Rusia tiene voz y en el que se establecen y se mantienen los principios fundamentales del derecho y del orden internacionales.
Pronóstico de Divisas Latinoamericanas con Modelos de Volatilidad Estática y Estocástica
Authors: Roldán Martínez Laura Camila
Published: August 2018

Context: The currency market is known as the most liquid market in the financial system. Its strong repercussion in the economy is tied to the capitalization and the impulse that this market offers through the increase of investments and therefore of macroeconomic effects that is found in the development of the economy, For these reasons, it is relevant to study models that predict the behavior of the main Latin currencies.Method: Two models are proposed for the prognosis and the identification of factors implicit in the behavior of these currencies. The first proposed model corresponds to the Black-Scholes, which allows obtaining the future price of the currency based on integrating price processes, a Wiener process and a static volatility is recognized. The second model is Heston, which describes the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset and assumes a stochastic volatility.Results: After the application of the proposed mmodels, their efficiency are evaluated by means of the Diebold-Mariano Test, in order to identify the forecast model that best adapts models, their efficiency are to the real behavior of the parities.Conclusions: It is identified that the Heston model offers a better fit to the forecast, assuming random volatility in the short term for each of the currencies, while the long term presents the largest adjustment of the Black & Scholes model, It is evident that the longer the forecast time, the greater the uncertainty and the greater the prediction error.
Cerrar ciclos, suscitar espirales
Authors: Rojas Sergio A.
Published: August 2018

Cycles eliciting spirals (Editor's Note)
O ensino dos números racionais por meio de atividades de pesquisa e investigação: buscando desenvolver o pensar
Authors: Ott Felcher Carla Denize , Andrejew Ferreira André Luis
Published: August 2018

Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación de maestría  que estudió la enseñanza de los números racionales en la perspectiva de desarrollo del pensamiento,  considerando el contenido como componente curricular necesario.  Para ello,  desarrollamos una investigación-acción en una escuela pública del municipio de Canguçu,  para lo cual creamos un grupo cerrado en la red social Facebook, denominado F@ceMAT,  lo que nos permitió crear un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje.  En este grupo dispusimos imágenes,  textos, videos, juegos didácticos, objeto de aprendizaje, investigaciones, desafíos y principalmente situaciones problema.  Por medio de ello,  priorizamos la búsqueda y la indagación llevando al estudiante a leer, interpretar, elaborar, calcular  y reformular, lo que propició la interacción entre los sujetos de investigación para desarrollar su pensamiento.  Percibimos la dificultad de los alumnos en la comprensión y solución de los ejercicios propuestos,  así como su compromiso y el reconocimiento de la importancia de la interacción entre pares, alumno-alumno, docente-alumno,  de tal forma que los estudiantes pudieron aclarar dudas y desarrollar ideas.  Concluimos que las actividades de búsqueda e indagación contribuyeron a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los números racionales,  posibilitando el cambio de paradigma tradicional  de enseñanza,  el cual aún se limita a resolver listas de ejercicios.
Le due vie del Sal 1 nell’interpretazione di san Tommaso d’Aquino
Authors: Dąbrowski Wiesław
Published: August 2018

Dwie drogi Ps 1 w interpretacji św. Tomasza z  AkwinuWe Wstępie - aby rozwiać błędne, ale rozpowszechnione mniemania o działalności uniwersy- teckiej św. Tomasza z Akwinu - Doktor Anielski, który swojej Summy teologii nigdy nie wykładał, jest przedstawiony jako egezegeta Pisma Świętego: tu jako komentator Psalmów, gdyż trzeba pa- miętać, że w Średniowieczu profesor teoglogii był magister in Sacra Pagina, czyli zajmował się właśnie egzegezą Pisma Świętego. W swoim kometarzu św.  Tomasz twierdzi - podobnie jak          i współcześni bibliści - że Ps 1 jest wstępem do całego Psałterza. Akwinata dzieli Ps 1 na dwie główne części: Processus ad beatitudinem, gdzie ukazuje dążenie wszystkich ludzi do szczęśliwo- ści i porównuje dwie drogi: drogę bezbożnych i drogę sprawiedliwych, chociaż używa innych wyrażeń; oraz Felicitatis eventus, gdzie porównuje wyniki tych dążeń i dróg: sprawiedliwi osiąga- ją wieczną szczęśliwość, którą jest sam Bóg; natomiast bezbożni - wieczne potępienie; stąd św. Tomasz wiele miejsca poświęca obrazowi drzewa i sądowi ostatecznemu. Teksty komentarza Akwi- naty do Ps 1, wsparte też jego komentarzami do Ewangelii św. Jana i do Corpus Paulinum, są kon- frontowane ze współczesnymi komentarzami biblijnymi, co pozwala na zauważenie różnic w po- dejściu do tekstów świętych, a także dostrzec bogactwo myśli teologiczno-biblijnej i duchowej Doktora Anielskiego. Ta myśl jest nadal bardzo aktualna i pozwala na ciągłe trwanie w nauce, moralności i duchowości Kościoła katolickiego.
Indian Music to Celebrate Christmas in Moxo Jesuit Reductions, Bolivia
Authors: Nawrot Piotr
Published: August 2018

The subject of Indian music and Indian influence on baroque music from the former Jesuit Reductions in South America needs new studies, and what has been said on this matter up to now by musicologists and ethnomusicologists needs revision. The finding of almost 13,000 pages of baroque music from the Chiquito and Moxo Reductions in Bolivia gives us new opportunity to clarify Native American’s attitude toward music introduced in the missions by the missionaries and to illustrate their influence on music created or written anew in the missions by the missionaries and local musicians. In the context of music for Christmas celebration a serious of arguments are discussed to clarify the presence of “Indian” components in the baroque music from America, as well as coexistence of autochthonous and “new music” in the missions.
Kapłan sługą miłosierdzia. Refleksja moralno-pastoralna w kontekście Nadzwyczajnego Jubileuszu Miłosierdzia (8 grudnia 2015 – 20 listopada 2016)
Authors: Kluz Marek
Published: August 2018

The Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy announced in the bull Misercicordiae vultus by the Holy Father Francis, becomes an opportunity to reflect on the priestly vocation in the context of the truth about mercy. The practice of authentic mercy is a fundamental task of priestly life. In this perspective it seems that the mercy as the style of the priestly life requires to be presented again with new enthusiasm and with renewed pastoral activity. This is a key task for the Church.Therefore, the moral-pastoral reflections included in this publication aim to - in the light of the documents of the Church, especially the writings and statements of popes: John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis - encourage in the Holy Year to rediscover and revive the sense of identity and essential tasks of priestly ministry fulfilled primarily in preaching and practicing the virtue of mercy.
Characterizing Sexual Agreements With One's Most Recent Sexual Partner Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Feinstein Brian A. , Dellucci Trey V. , Sullivan Patrick S. , Mustanski Brian
Published: August 2018

Men who have sex with men (MSM) often create sexual agreements with their partners, but little is known about agreements with serious versus causal partners. We used data from 472 young MSM to examine agreements with one's most recent partner, individual differences across types of partnerships and agreements, and predictors of condomless anal sex (CAS). Two-thirds of participants did not have agreements. Monogamous agreements were most common among those who were seriously dating their partner, but also present among those who were casually dating their partner and those who were not dating their partner. Participants who were seriously dating their partner reported the most frequent sexual health communication. Participants without agreements reported the lowest frequency of and comfort with sexual health communication. Participants who were seriously dating their partner and those with monogamous agreements were most likely to report CAS. HIV prevention should address communication with serious and casual partners.
Elevated HIV and STI Prevalence and Incidence Among Methamphetamine-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men in Los Angeles County
Authors: Reback Cathy J. , Fletcher Jesse B.
Published: August 2018

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased HIV/STI infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). From March 2014 through January 2016, 286 methamphetamine-using MSM enrolled in a study to reduce methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviors. Participants were tested for HIV/STIs at baseline and every 3 months for 9 months. At baseline, 115 participants (40.2%) were HIV–positive; three participants seroconverted (incidence = 2.6/100 person-years). Baseline testing diagnosed 77 STI cases (21 chlamydia, 18 gonorrhea, 38 syphilis); by 9-month follow-up, 71 incident STIs were diagnosed (22 chlamydia, 24 gonorrhea, 25 syphilis); 78% occurred among HIV–positive participants. Despite efforts to reduce sexual risks among methamphetamine-using MSM, HIV/STI prevalence and incidence remain elevated.
Tetrode Recording from the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice Coupled with Four-Point-Irradiation Closed-Loop Optogenetics: A Technique to Study the Contribution of Hippocampal SWR Events to Learning
Authors: Rangel Guerrero Dámaris K. , Donnett James G. , Csicsvari Jozsef , Kovács Krisztián A.
Published: August 2018

With the advent of optogenetics, it became possible to change the activity of a targeted population of neurons in a temporally controlled manner. To combine the advantages of 60-channelin vivotetrode recording and laser-based optogenetics, we have developed a closed-loop recording system that allows for the actual electrophysiological signal to be used as a trigger for the laser light mediating the optogenetic intervention. We have optimized the weight, size, and shape of the corresponding implant to make it compatible with the size, force, and movements of a behaving mouse, and we have shown that the system can efficiently block sharp wave ripple (SWR) events using those events themselves as a trigger. To demonstrate the full potential of the optogenetic recording system we present a pilot study addressing the contribution of SWR events to learning in a complex behavioral task.
Evidence against the Detectability of a Hippocampal Place Code Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nolan Christopher R. , Vromen Joyce M.G. , Cheung Allen , Baumann Oliver
Published: August 2018

Individual hippocampal neurons selectively increase their firing rates in specific spatial locations. As a population, these neurons provide a decodable representation of space that is robust against changes to sensory- and path-related cues. This neural code is sparse and distributed, theoretically rendering it undetectable with population recording methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Existing studies nonetheless report decoding spatial codes in the human hippocampus using such techniques. Here we present results from a virtual navigation experiment in humans in which we eliminated visual- and path-related confounds and statistical limitations present in existing studies, ensuring that any positive decoding results would represent a voxel-place code. Consistent with theoretical arguments derived from electrophysiological data and contrary to existing fMRI studies, our results show that although participants were fully oriented during the navigation task, there was no statistical evidence for a place code.
Dorsal BNST α2A-Adrenergic Receptors Produce HCN-Dependent Excitatory Actions That Initiate Anxiogenic Behaviors
Authors: Harris Nicholas A. , Isaac Austin T. , Günther Anne , Merkel Kevin , Melchior James , Xu Michelle , Eguakun Eghosa , Perez Rafael , Nabit Brett P. , Flavin Stephanie , Gilsbach Ralf , Shonesy Brian , Hein Lutz , Abel Ted , Baumann Arnd , Matthews Robert , Centanni Samuel W. , Winder Danny G.
Published: August 2018

Stress is a precipitating agent in neuropsychiatric disease and initiates relapse to drug-seeking behavior in addicted patients. Targeting the stress system in protracted abstinence from drugs of abuse with anxiolytics may be an effective treatment modality for substance use disorders. α2A-adrenergic receptors (α2A-ARs) in extended amygdala structures play key roles in dampening stress responses. Contrary to early thinking, α2A-ARs are expressed at non-noradrenergic sites in the brain. These non-noradrenergic α2A-ARs play important roles in stress responses, but their cellular mechanisms of action are unclear. In humans, the α2A-AR agonist guanfacine reduces overall craving and uncouples craving from stress, yet minimally affects relapse, potentially due to competing actions in the brain. Here, we show that heteroceptor α2A-ARs postsynaptically enhance dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) neuronal activity in mice of both sexes. This effect is mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels because inhibition of these channels is necessary and sufficient for excitatory actions. Finally, this excitatory action is mimicked by clozapine-N-oxide activation of the Gi-coupled DREADD hM4Di in dBNST neurons and its activation elicits anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. Together, these data provide a framework for elucidating cell-specific actions of GPCR signaling and provide a potential mechanism whereby competing anxiogenic and anxiolytic actions of guanfacine may affect its clinical utility in the treatment of addiction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStress affects the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety and addiction. Guanfacine is an α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2A-AR) agonist with actions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) that produces antidepressant actions and uncouples stress from reward-related behaviors. Here, we show that guanfacine increases dorsal BNST neuronal activity through actions at postsynaptic α2A-ARs via a mechanism that involves hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation channels. This action is mimicked by activation of the designer receptor hM4Di expressed in the BNST, which also induces anxiety-like behaviors. Together, these data suggest that postsynaptic α2A-ARs in BNST have excitatory actions on BNST neurons and that these actions can be phenocopied by the so-called “inhibitory” DREADDs, suggesting that care must be taken regarding interpretation of data obtained with these tools.
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Enhances Reward Learning through Potentiation of Mesolimbic Dopamine System Function
Authors: Kutlu Munir Gunes , Brady Lillian J. , Peck Emily G. , Hofford Rebecca S. , Yorgason Jordan T. , Siciliano Cody A. , Kiraly Drew D. , Calipari Erin S.
Published: August 2018

Deficits in motivation and cognition are hallmark symptoms of multiple psychiatric diseases. These symptoms are disruptive to quality of life and often do not improve with available medications. In recent years there has been increased interest in the role of the immune system in neuropsychiatric illness, but to date no immune-related treatment strategies have come to fruition. The cytokine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to have trophic and neuroprotective properties in the brain, and we recently identified it as a modulator of neuronal and behavioral plasticity. By combining operant tasks that assess discrete aspects of motivated behavior and decision-making in male mice and rats with subsecond dopamine monitoring via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we defined the role of G-CSF in these processes as well as the neural mechanism by which it modulates dopamine function to exert these effects. G-CSF enhanced motivation for sucrose as well as cognitive flexibility as measured by reversal learning. These behavioral outcomes were driven by mesolimbic dopamine system plasticity, as systemically administered G-CSF increased evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens independent of clearance mechanisms. Importantly, sustained increases in G-CSF were required for these effects as acute exposure did not enhance behavioral outcomes and decreased dopamine release. These effects seem to be a result of the ability of G-CSF to alter local inflammatory signaling cascades, particularly tumor necrosis factor α. Together, these data show G-CSF as a potent modulator of the mesolimbic dopamine circuit and its ability to appropriately attend to salient stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEmerging evidence has highlighted the importance of the immune system in psychiatric diseases states. However, the effects of peripheral cytokines on motivation and cognitive function are largely unknown. Here, we report that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a pleiotropic cytokine with known trophic and neuroprotective properties in the brain, acts directly on dopaminergic circuits to enhance their function. These changes in dopaminergic dynamics enhance reward learning and motivation for natural stimuli. Together, these results suggest that targeting immune factors may provide a new avenue for therapeutic intervention in the multiple psychiatric disorders that are characterized by motivational and cognitive deficits.
Muscle Synergies Obtained from Comprehensive Mapping of the Cortical Forelimb Representation Using Stimulus Triggered Averaging of EMG Activity
Authors: Amundsen Huffmaster Sommer L. , Van Acker Gustaf M. , Luchies Carl W. , Cheney Paul D.
Published: August 2018

Neuromuscular control of voluntary movement may be simplified using muscle synergies similar to those found using non-negative matrix factorization. We recently identified synergies in electromyography (EMG) recordings associated with both voluntary movement and movement evoked by high-frequency long-duration intracortical microstimulation applied to the forelimb representation of the primary motor cortex (M1). The goal of this study was to use stimulus-triggered averaging (StTA) of EMG activity to investigate the synergy profiles and weighting coefficients associated with poststimulus facilitation, as synergies may be hard-wired into elemental cortical output modules and revealed by StTA. We applied StTA at low (LOW, ∼15 μA) and high intensities (HIGH, ∼110 μA) to 247 cortical locations of the M1 forelimb region in two male rhesus macaques while recording the EMG of 24 forelimb muscles. Our results show that 10–11 synergies accounted for 90% of the variation in poststimulus EMG facilitation peaks from the LOW-intensity StTA dataset while only 4–5 synergies were needed for the HIGH-intensity dataset. Synergies were similar across monkeys and current intensities. Most synergy profiles strongly activated only one or two muscles; all joints were represented and most, but not all, joint directions of motion were represented. Cortical maps of the synergy weighting coefficients suggest only a weak organization. StTA of M1 resulted in highly diverse muscle activations, suggestive of the limiting condition of requiring a synergy for each muscle to account for the patterns observed.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCoordination of muscle activity and the neural origin of potential muscle synergies remains a fundamental question of neuroscience. We previously demonstrated that high-frequency long-duration intracortical microstimulation-evoked synergies were unrelated to voluntary movement synergies and were not clearly organized in the cortex. Here we present stimulus-triggered averaging facilitation-related muscle synergies, suggesting that when fundamental cortical output modules are activated, synergies approach the limit of single-muscle control. Thus, we conclude that if the CNS controls movement via linear synergies, those synergies are unlikely to be called from M1. This information is critical for understanding neural control of movement and the development of brain–machine interfaces.
The Gay Divorce of Music and Dance: Choreomusicality and the Early Works of Cage-Cunningham
Authors: Callahan Daniel M.
Published: August 2018

This article explores the early collaborations of John Cage and Merce Cunningham, in which music and dance were united structurally and in expressive intent. Drawing on unexamined archival materials, I begin by highlighting the thematic content of the earliest Cage-Cunningham collaborations, Credo in Us (1942) and Four Walls (1944), of Cunningham's (rather than Martha Graham's) choreography for the Revivalist's solo in Appalachian Spring (1944), and of Cage's The Perilous Night (1943–44), premiered at the couple's debut concert. These works all portray a conflict between sexual desire and social conformity through marriage, a theme of pressing import as Cage left his wife to become Cunningham's partner. I then elucidate the programmatic nature of the first and last works that Cunningham choreographed to the music of Satie, Idyllic Song (1944) and Second Hand (1970), both of which use Cage's arrangements for piano of Satie's Socrate. Placing Cunningham's personal choreographic notes in dialogue with my own observation of rehearsals and performances, I suggest that Second Hand dramatizes not only the Socratic texts set in Satie's score but also the couple's relationship and their earlier dependence on and subsequent rejection of personal expression, a rejection that heightened their status within the postwar avant-garde. Instead of dismissing the collaborations of the 1940s as “early” or “anomalous,” I suggest that they are fundamental to understanding how Cage and Cunningham's relationship prior to their de facto marriage led to one of the most productive divorces in the history of artistic collaboration.
Acesso à informação, política digital e sustentabilidade ambiental no Brasil
Authors: Rothberg Danilo
Published: August 2018

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre a esfera da transparência proativa on-line das políticas de sustentabilidade ambiental no Brasil. Foram avaliadas as informações sobre políticas da área disponíveis em 284 páginas web dos portais de governo dos 26 Estados brasileiros, Distrito Federal e Ministério do Meio Ambiente por meio de análise de conteúdo orientada por categorias formuladas com apoio na literatura sobre avaliação de políticas públicas. A análise indica, como resultados, que os portais exibem de 14% a 47% das informações tidas como necessárias para a caracterização completa de uma política da área, conforme o contexto teórico-metodológico da pesquisa. A interpretação dos resultados sugere uma associação de fatores a ser explorada por estudos futuros: quanto mais desenvolvido for o agronegócio em nível macrorregional, maior será o desempenho da macrorregião na transparência online. A correspondência entre transparência de governo e desenvolvimento econômico tem sido explorada por vários estudos e é recolocada pelos resultados da presente pesquisa.
Coração sonoro: comunicação, afetos e sociabilidades maquínicas em festas de música eletrônica
Authors: Das Neves Thiago Tavares , Da Silva Josimey Costa
Published: August 2018

Este artigo explora formas de afetar e de ser afetado em festas de música eletrônica com base nas ideias de Spinoza e com o uso do método cartográfico de pesquisa empírica. Afetos, máquinas e sociabilidade são operadores conceituais para análise de aspectos da dimensão comunicacional das festas. Afetos não são exclusivos do plano dos sujeitos; são fluxos de passagens para diversas formas de expressão e afetação, segundo a perspectiva de Deleuze & Guattari. A comunicação é vista como afeto e fluxo a partir das perspectivas de Morin, Beth & Pross e Marcondes Filho. Propõe-se que os suportes e ações comunicativas nessas festas incidem diretamente sobre os corpos e alteram o processo de sociabilidade. Assume-se, com suporte em Latour, que os afetos são produzidos e potencializados também por meio das máquinas de música e de comunicação, o que implica em repensar o conceito de sociabilidade e considerar como atores sociais também os participantes não humanos.
Arquiteturas da notícia em apps jornalísticos: características e tendências
Authors: Nishiyama Alexandra Fante
Published: August 2018

Com o conceito de mobilidade, possível pelos dispositivos, a conexão à Internet banda larga e a popularização do aparato tecnológico, a sociedade demanda novas qualidades a narrativa jornalística. A partir de um ecossistema que envolve o conteúdo jornalístico, os smartphones (hardware) e os aplicativos jornalísticos (software), questionou-se quais as características da arquitetura da notícia para dispositivos móveis em aplicativos jornalísticos de empresas de comunicação brasileiras e portuguesas, considerando os atributos e as potencialidades do suporte? O estudo apresenta uma análise feita a partir da observação de conteúdo jornalístico, publicado em aplicativos de notícias brasileiros e portugueses, traça perspectivas, discute as estruturas narrativas adotadas e apresenta as configurações das arquiteturas das notícias veiculadas pelo suporte, indicando tendências.
As finalidades do jornalismo: percepções de veículos, jornalistas e leitores
Authors: Reginato Gisele Dotto
Published: August 2018

O objetivo do artigo é discutir as finalidades do jornalismo, a partir da percepção de veículos, jornalistas e leitores, os principais sujeitos participantes do contrato de comunicação jornalístico. A metodologia utilizada é a Análise de Discurso. Foram analisados os discursos dos veículos Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, de 85 jornalistas brasileiros e de 250 leitores. A pesquisa trata das principais finalidades apontadas pelos sujeitos e traz a proposta de que o jornalismo tem 12 finalidades a cumprir: a) informar de modo qualificado; b) investigar; c) verificar a veracidade das informações; d) interpretar e analisar a realidade; e) fazer a mediação entre os fatos e o leitor; f) selecionar o que é relevante; g) registrar a história e construir memória; h) ajudar a entender o mundo contemporâneo; i) integrar e mobilizar as pessoas; j) defender o cidadão; k) fiscalizar o poder e fortalecer a democracia; l) esclarecer o cidadão e apresentar a pluralidade da sociedade.
Arquitetura da Informação para ambientes informacionais digitais
Authors: Carvalho Angela Maria Grossi de , França Maira Nani
Published: August 2018

ResumoResenha do livro Information Architectutre: for the web and beyond de autoria de Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville e Jorge Arango.Palavras-chave: Arquitetura da informação. Ambientes informacionais digitais. Design digital. AbstractReview of the book Information Architectutre: for the web and beyond by Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville e Jorge Arango.Keywords: Information Architecture. Digital information environments. Digital design. ResumenReseña del libro Information Architectutre: for the web and beyond de la autoría de Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville y Jorge Arango.Palabras clave: Arquitectura de la Información. Ambientes informacionales digitales. Diseño digital.
Epistemologias plurais: pensando as ciências da comunicação desde a América Latina
Authors: Maldonado Gómez de la Torre Alberto Efendy , Pires Julherme José
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo, problematizamos as questões envolvidas com a formação de novas epistemologias de pesquisa, especialmente da área das ciências da comunicação, a partir do contexto latino-americano. Localizamos e esmiuçamos o conceito de epistemologia, sua interrelação com o problema do conhecimento e as ciências avançadas. Problematizamos as epistemologias fundantes dos campos das ciências humanas, de forma diacrônica, e nos aprofundamos na vertente da comunicação. A partir de uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, pensamos epistemologicamente a investigação científica em comunicação a partir das óticas solidária e cidadã na América Latina. E, por fim, articulamos essas problemáticas e suscitamos a busca por práxis cientificas com a finalidade de transformar nossa região, um dos papéis determinantes que podem enriquecer nosso campo de pesquisa e a elevar sua relevância.
ASPIRIN RESISTANCE CANDIDATE GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Grinshtein Yu. I. , Kosinova A. A. , Grinshtein I. Yu.
Published: August 2018

The review presents the current literature evidence on the most likely genetic polymorphisms of aspirin resistance, such as polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase, glycoproteins GP Ib/IIIa, GP Ibα, GP VI, and adenosine diphosphate receptors P2Y1 and P2Y12. The authors discuss the prevalence of these polymorphisms in laboratory and clinical aspirin resistance, as well as their association with the risk of cardiovascular events during aspirin treatment.
HEART AND AGE (PART I): AGEING THEORIES AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
Authors: Akasheva D. U. , Strazhesko I. D. , Dudinskaya E. N. , Naydenko E. V. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: August 2018

Heart ageing is a complex process including multiple cellular and molecular-level changes and resulting in different ageing phenotypes within the same biological species. According to the existing ageing theories, the multiple interacting mechanisms of ageing include somatic mutations, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial defects. The review presents the most accepted ageing theories and discusses morphological characteristics of heart ageing on subcellular, cellular, and organ levels.
PATHOGENETIC TREATMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: THE PLACE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS
Authors: Taratukhin E. O. , Teplova N. N.
Published: August 2018

The paper describes the key aspects of arterial hypertension pathogenesis and the relevant therapeutic strategies. The authors discuss the role of increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypervolemia as factors which can be targeted by calcium channel blockers. The new evidence on this medication class, including the third-generation calcium antagonists, is presented.