bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educating Law Enforcement Officers about Mental Illness: Nurses as Teachers
Authors: Loucks Jeannine S.
Published: May 2013

With the advent of new psychotherapeutic agents, many individuals with mental illness are living successfully in communities. However, they may become involved in situations with law enforcement officers, which may lead to potentially negative experiences. During police academy training, new officers may receive training focused on optimizing interactions with people with physical/mental disabilities; however, this may be inadequate to enable effective communication between officers and individuals with mental illness. Given the growing prevalence of mental illness, it is increasingly likely that officers will encounter such individuals. An exemplar educational program geared to staff police officers in the city of Orange, California is described. This program provides law enforcement officers with training about psychiatric disorders and affected individuals, effective communication skills, and interventions that may assist in management of field contacts with individuals with mental illness. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 51
(7), 39–45.]
Utilization of Splice Skew Joint with Key on Reconstruction of Historical Trusses
Authors: Šobra Karel , Fajman Petr
Published: May 2013

Currently, for reconstruction of historical trusses traditional carpentry joints are used. For many years these joints are constructed in the same way. Unfortunately, the mechanical behaviour of these joints and influence of their parts and geometry of joints to the joint stiffness are not well known. To improve these joints, it is necessary to know their behaviour. This paper describes a study recently completed on the vertical splice skew joint with a key. Experimental tests were performed and compared to the numerical results of three-dimensional finite element model created using ATENA 3D.
Research of the Construction Industry Efficiency in China — Based on DEA Panel Data Approach
Authors: Zhou Wei Zhong , Liu Chun Lu
Published: May 2013

The efficiency of the construction industry is analyzed based on provinces panel data in China in this paper. The Mean Number of Employee and the Mean Completed Investment are used as inputs. The Mean Actual Sales of Commercial Houses and the Mean Net Profit are used as outputs. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is used to measure the efficiency of the construction industry. Shanghai and Zhejiang are found technically efficient. Shandong is scale efficient but technology efficiency is lower. There are two provinces are decreasing returns to scale and other provinces are increasing returns to scale. On the whole, the technology efficiency of the construction industry of China is lower. Based on the conclusions, the paper proposes some suggestions to improve the efficiency of the construction industry in China.
Low Energy Residential Building Design for Hot Arid Climate: A Green Approach
Authors: Brar Tejwant Singh , Kamal M. Arif
Published: May 2013

Large part of North–Western India has Hot Arid climate which is characterised by hot summers, humid monsoon, and extremely cold winters, and also there is a difference in daily maximum and mean temperatures of as much as 15 to 20°C and this results in high energy demand to achieve comfort conditions. Green buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate.
The Analysis of Passive Design in Zero-Energy Buildings: A Case Study of Solar Decathlon
Authors: Chen Cheng , Du Rong Wen , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2013

In order to promote the development of the zero-energy buildings, the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon is held biennially, in which every team is required to design, build and operate an energy-efficient house powered by the sun. This paper is focused on the innovative passive design in the Solar Decathlon 2011 in following five categories: the indoor and outdoor space, the envelop, the ecological system as well as the shading structure. Based on the case studies, it is suggested that the solar house is emphasizing more flexible living space, the multifunctional envelop and the ecological landscape.
The Development and Application of the Green Construction Technology in Small and Mid-Sized Cities - A Case Study of Jincheng, Shanxi Province
Authors: Cui Ming Min , Liu Yuan Ping
Published: May 2013

This paper sets as the research object the development and application of the green construction technology in the city of Jincheng and makes an analysis on the representative examples selected respectively from three different types of buildings, that is, residential, office and commerrcial buildings, to summarize the technical achievements as well as raise the relevant suggestions for the further development of the green construction technology, which will play an important role to guide the improvement and advancement of the green buildings in small and mid-sized cities.
On the Modern Chinese Church Building – A Case Study of the Lady Chapel in Bansi Mountain
Authors: Lei Yun , Liu Yuan Ping
Published: May 2013

The Lady Chapel of Bansi Mountain located in Yangqu county of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province is the largest Catholic Pilgrimage site in the northern China. Its building is an important works of the modern religious constructions. This paper utilizes the case-study method. By taking the Lady Chapel in Bansi Mountain as an example this article makes a comprehensive analysis from four aspects, that is, form design, surrounding environmental design, building materials and building structure after the investigation and surveys. Furthermore, a conclusion is made to encourage further study of the modern church buildings.
Green Technology Applied in the Greening of Buildings’ Outer Skins
Authors: Wang Run Sheng , Xu Jing
Published: May 2013

Wall greening can reduce the loss of energy through the outer skin of a building and achieve the effect of greening and beautification. Allow for the development of green technology, this article analyses the classical type of greening the exterior wall by lianas, then introduces some lightweight wall greening technology and finally analyses the application of computer simulation technology, such as Building Information Modeling (‘BIM’), to the future of wall greening.
Ecological Effect of Water Cyclic Utilization in Green Architecture
Authors: Zhang Chang Rui , Zhao Chun Mei , Tian Yong , He Long
Published: May 2013

Green architecture, a termed entitled to the architectures which dedicate great importance to the environment, is one of the characteristics of the sustainable design in which environmental sustainability is more important [1]. In the modern notion of architecture and programming, rain water is usually treated as “castoff”, or as eternal energy splurged by us. Some irrational design produces a lot of unsinkable ditches and culverts crossed underground, which leads to drainage and wastage of the water in the earth. Extensive artificial lawn accelerates the water evaporation of the earth. Large amount of unsinkable reinforced tough paving layer in cities disturbs the ecological balance of the earth, etc.. All these above give more grave non-ecological factors to the concrete jungle. When talking about the recycle and reuse of water in city, we should thinking about promoting the life system balance in ecosphere, which is the theme of this thesis. This thesis tries to give a systematic and in-depth discussion on architectural water recycle design by collecting materials, to give an ecological recycle design of preserving, saving and purifying water on the aspect of architecture and environment. Through the analysis on infiltration, storage and reuse of rain water in cities of different countries and regions, this thesis tries to expatiate the contribution of rain water collection and evaporation to the urban ecology, and proposes ecological way of water use considering regional climate to achieve the aim of eternal water use in urban ecological system.
Approach to Calibrated Simulation Tool for Improved Building Performance
Authors: Shika Suleiman Aliyu , Sapri Maimunah , Sipan Ibrahim , Abubakar Alkali Ibrahim , Umar Aminu , Wakawa Usman Bukar
Published: May 2013

Simulation tools represent continuous, stochastic processes in buildings by discrete time-step, deterministic model estimations. All models make assumptions when representing real buildings. Detailed models more closely represent the operation of the real building and allow Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) to be investigated at finer resolution, using fewer assumptions. This paper presents a systematic, evidence-based approach to calibrated simulation. This approach yields a calibrated model that is based solely on referenced sources of information about the building. The proposed methodology builds on some of the best techniques from the reviewed literature and combines these with an evidence-based approach that uses version control software to track the calibration process.Although the process produces a single, deterministic model for an inherently stochastic process (building operation), such an approach can produce meaningful conclusions where sub-utilities hourly measured data and significant resources for further investigation and measurement are available.
Experimental Research on Compressive Strength of Ready-Mixed Concrete when Mixed with Fly Ash and Mineral Powder
Authors: Shi Zhi Qiang , Gao Li Li
Published: May 2013

Production cost and emissions of pollutants can be reduced through mixing industry waste, such as mineral powder and fly ash, into ready-mixed concrete. Two approaches are adopted to the experiments to research the effect of mineral powder and fly ash on the compressive strength of ready-mixed concrete: (1) fixing the amount of fly ash, while substituting equivalent amount of mineral powder for cement. (2) fixing the amount of cement, while increasing the amount of mineral powder and decreasing that of fly ash. The result of the experiment shows: when equivalent amount of mineral powder substitutes for 16% of the cement, the result is the best－the strength of concrete is deceased less than 5%. The experiment also concludes that: keeping the usage of cement constant and adding 10%-15% of mineral powder into concrete, the strength of concrete can be increased about 30%.
Performance of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Replacement of Concrete Sludge Aggregate as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim , Amat Roshazita Che , Rahim Nur Liza , Sallehuddin Shamshinar
Published: May 2013

The use of waste materials in construction industry is very essential in order to reduce the depletion of natural sources. Thus, this study is focused to determine the performance of lightweight foamed concrete made with concrete sludge aggregate (CSA) and to determine the optimum proportion of CSA that can gives optimum compressive strength. Strength is one of the most important properties of concrete since the first consideration in structural design is that the structural elements must be capable of carrying necessary loads. CSA has been use as partial substitution to normal coarse aggregate to manufacture structural lightweight foamed concrete. Two different sets of CSA proportion have been prepared with foamed injected through mixing processes. 25% and 50% of CSA for production of lightweight concrete were designed according to proper mix design. It is found that maximum percentage of CSA that contribute to the highest compressive strength of 25MPa is 50% of CSA replacement. Its density is 1837 kg/m3 with water adsorption of 16.35%. The usage of concrete sludge aggregate as construction material can be further promoted in order to solve major environmental issues.
Research on the Permanent Deformation Behavior of Asphalt Mixture with Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag
Authors: Chen Zong Wu , Wu Shao Peng , Xie Jun , Chen Ju Yong
Published: May 2013

Steel slag, a kind of industrial waste, has been considered applying in road construction as aggregate based on abundant indoor tests. The permanent deformation performance of asphalt mixture with Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag is evaluated by test with UTM-25 and simulation with equations at different temperatures and various stress levels in this study. Results show that the permanent deformation behavior of BOF base asphalt mixture is relatively sensitive to temperature and it can be perfectly modeled with proper equations, otherwise, strain per load cycle of specimen is responsible for mixture failure instead of accumulated permanent strain.
Evaluation & Degradation Prediction on the Environmental Resistance of WPC Windows
Authors: Choi Jung Jin , Park Ju Won
Published: May 2013

In the development of WPC windows, it is of utmost importance to have a proper assessment process on the functionality and durability, which is necessary to assure that those properties are maintained during the lifetime of the products. The current paper investigates the WPC windows’ usability, which was done through the initial performance (water absorption: 2.30%, flexural modulus: 1,610 MPa, etc.) and reliability evaluation (color difference (ΔE), surface analysis, degradation tendency after accelerated life test) of the developed WPC windows. A degradation prediction model for WPC is also presented. In the development of WPC windows, it is of utmost importance to assure that those properties are maintained during the lifetime. The current paper investigates the WPC windows’ usability, which was done through the initial performance (water absorption 2.30%, Flexural modulus 1.610 MPa, etc.) and reliability evaluation (Color differences after accelerated life test) of the developed WPC windows. In addition, it presented degradation prediction model for WPC windows.
Nature Regeneration — Study on the Ecological and Regional Performance of Earthen Materials in Chinese Contemporary Architecture
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Zhang Xi , Sun Xu Yang
Published: May 2013

In recent years, under the background of global energy crisis and the deterioration of the ecological environment, more and more attention has been paid to the earthen buildings for its outstanding ecological and regional performance. Through three cases, this paper discusses the application status of earthen materials in Chinese contemporary architecture. With the accumulation on the experience of technology and construction of the earthen materials, it will surely have a more diverse performance in the future.
Influence of Activity of Waste Slag Powder on Slag Cement Strength
Authors: Zhou Sheng Bo , Shen Ai Qin , Li Geng Fei
Published: May 2013

As a kind of additional, waste slag may improve cement and concrete durability. However, the influence lies on the slag activity for several original waste slag. In this paper, the influence of activity for different original waste slag on the strength of slag cement was analyzed by using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectrometer). The results showed that the order of slag cement strength prepared by different slag is T> H> C> J. The combination mode of silicon and aluminum in the waste slag microstructure greatly affect reactive quantity of slag powder, so that the cement strengths are obviously different. And the hydration activity of slag is more when silicon mainly exists in the form of oxide and aluminum mainly exists in the form of aluminates.
Development and Engineering Application of Dry-Mixing Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Yi Bo , Li Yan He , Ding Shi
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the application background of ordinary concrete is introduced first, and our purpose is to research the advantages of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete relative to ordinary concrete. Some studies on mechanical properties, working performance and durability of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete are brought into this paper. The results shows that the application of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete produced economic and social effects.
A Study of the Effects of Ingredients to the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites (NFC)
Authors: Oh Ju Seok , Nam Song Woo , Choi Sun Woong
Published: May 2013

The importance of NFC (Natural Fiber Composite) as construction materials is widely accepted all over the world. But it seems that NFC manufacturers have complicated information about the effect of ingredients to their products. Hence systematic study for optimum composition of NFC is needed. This study is aimed to elucidate the effect of ingredients to the mechanical properties of NFC. We devised design of experiments to draw a firm conclusion. The experiments were conducted with polymer processing machines which are widely accepted in polymer processing industries. The result of ANOVA analysis showed that the most important ingredient of NFC is wood flour. And as the length of wood flour increases, the mechanical properties are enhanced. Contrary to wood flour, base resin has little effect to the mechanical properties of NFC. The effect of coupling agent to flexural modulus is not ignorable, but the effect to flexural strength is different from that of flexural modulus.
The Effects of the University Science Park on Urban Development in China
Authors: Zhang Jun Jie , Li Heng
Published: May 2013

Over the past two decades, a surprising number of University Science Parks have emerged and developed in China. The reason for the phenomenon is that the reinforcement of strategies to establish University-Industry relationship is regarded as a crucial development policy to help China overtake the west (Wu, 2007). Under the rapid growth, the University Science Park (USP) is involved in a series of changes of urban areas[1] .As the USP develops faster, those effects will become more and more notable. Only if comprehensive evaluation of the effects is realized, could the USP be more beneficial to urban development. Then, with supporting data from the Hsinchu University Science Park, the economic, cultural, and environmental effects of the University Science Park on urban area will be explained in section 3.
Environment Landscape Design and Construction of the Green Building — A Case Study of Green Magic School Environment Landscape in National Cheng Kung University
Authors: Wang Miao
Published: May 2013

With the promotion of low-carbon and energy-saving green building concept and technology, in addition to an important aesthetic ornamental value, the environment landscape surrounding buildings also possesses a key ecological meaning and environmental protection function. Making a case study of the green magic school roof garden and garden landscape in National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), through the application of the method in the case study like native plants, environmental protection material in landscape design through water saving, low maintenance, this paper discusses how to build green building and at the same time pays attention to the design and construction strategies of green landscape with ecological environmental protection concept. This research brings the significant meaning on studying and draw-on for us to create a beautiful, practical and sustainable "green landscape".
Exergy Analysis of Hot-Water Heating System Conditioning Methods
Authors: Yang Jian Meng , Cheng Nan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2013

The reasonable heating regulation directly affect the heating of the economy, and thus its exergy analysis is imperative. In order to optimize the heating system, three regulation methods used in heating system are analyzed in this paper. They are quality regulation, flow mass regulation and stage-flow-mass-changing quality regulation. Each method has a different effect on energy saving and energy loss. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, this paper analyzes the total energy loss of these three methods by dividing the heating system into subsystems including boiler , indoor heat dissipation equipment and outdoor pipe network and the circulating pump. It is demonstrated theoretically that flow mass regulation is the best way for saving energy and quality regulation is the worst.
Research on the Ecological Characteristics and Transformation of Traditional Cave Dwelling in Central Part of Shanxi Province - Taking Hougou Village, Yuci as an Example
Authors: Zhao Xue Jing , Shi Qian Fei
Published: May 2013

Cave dwelling is a typical traditional building form in the Loess Plateau of China. The thesis analyses the ecological characteristics of cave dwelling in Hougou village of Yuci from the green building perspective. It summarizes its strengths and shortages based on low carbon energy saving. The transformation methodologies include adding sunlight rooms, making high windows in the northern walls and adding vertical shaft for lighting and ventilation. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the inside thermal environment by using simulation software and aims to provide suggestions to the green building issues.
Analysis of 85 Green Buildings within the GreenBuildingplus Project: A Basis for Supporting Energy Efficient Investments
Authors: Carlucci Salvatore , Pagliano Lorenzo , Pietrobon Marco
Published: May 2013

In many countries the availability of data about the energy performance of low-energy buildings is quite limited and this lack of information refrains potential investments on green buildings. In 2004, in order to contribute to generate and collect reliable performance data, the European Commission launched the GreenBuilding (GB) Programme aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in both existing and new non-residential buildings on a voluntary basis. Under the umbrella of the GB Programme, the GreenBuildingPlus (GB+) Project operated from 2007 to 2010. One of the activities developed in the project was the creation of a European database on building energy performance. The authors developed a Data Collection Tool, which was used by building owners and their consultants to provide a detailed description of the candidate buildings and their energy efficiency and renewable energy features. In this paper, we present a selection of the results of a statistical analysis of the detailed data of 85 green buildings. The main outputs of the GB+ project are: the total primary energy saved by the 85 buildings amounted to about 115 000 MWh per year and the average percentage of savings is 54%, hence much higher than 25% requested by the GB Programme.
Regeneration and Improvement of the Underground Courtyards in South Shanxi — Taking Zhangdian Town of Pinglu County as Example
Authors: Shi Qian Fei , Li Shao Ying
Published: May 2013

As original forms of ecological building, underground cave dwellings contain rich construction ideas which embody modern culture including low carbon emissions, energy efficiency, environmental protection and harmony. Taking Zhangdian Town of Pinglu County in Shanxi as an example, this thesis made a study on the classification of the destruction of the underground courtyards in this region by collection and investigation of the first hand data on the spot. Then, a method for reinforcing, repairing and rebuilding is put forward according to different situations. The improvement for better cave dwelling environment is also proposed from the aspect of natural ventilation, lighting, thermal insulation, waterproofing, seepage proofing, traffic and so on, which set the base of the further development of underground courtyards.
Explore Underground Space Development in Ecotourism Area Based on Environmental Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Zi Wei , Yang Xiao Bin
Published: May 2013

As a result of the popularity of ecotourism in China, the number of tourists has increased and the development scale of tourism area has expanded constantly. It will inevitably affect natural landscape and ecological balance. In order to protect the environment and maintain the sustainable development of ecotourism area, this paper argues that underground space utilization in ecotourism area is an effective method. By introducing the contemporary situation of ecological tourist area in China, it points out the necessity of underground space development. Combined with the characteristics of underground space, the advantages and disadvantages of underground space development in ecotourism area were analyzed. The main principles of underground space development in ecotourism area were discussed. From the perspective of overall planning in ecotourism area, the calculation method for underground space demand was proposed.
A Brief Discussion on Energy-Saving Technology of the Single Residential Building
Authors: Zhao Jing
Published: May 2013

The energy crisis and environmental degradation bring increasingly apparent threat to human civilization development. As a producer of energy consumption, construction has attracted people's attention. It would advance the building to move in the direction of sustainable development and curb the negative impact of energy consumption on global ecology just by taking action to improve once construction's way and complying with the design concept of energy-saving. By applying a variety of energy-saving technologies on a single residential building design, the paper illustrates the design principles and method of green architecture. We try to use creative and technical means to achieve sustainable development of construction.
Experimental Study on Cr6+ Adsorption in Water about the Daily Waste Peanut Shell
Authors: Wang Chao Jin , Li Tai Hang , Tang Ling Lu , Zou Zhou , Liu Wen Ji , Xie Jing , Wang Ying
Published: May 2013

The peanut shell was used as the adsorbent of Cr6+ in this paper. A series experiences have been discussed and studied through the following three aspects, which were the adsorption time, modification effect and contact area. The results showed that the peanut shell for the removal rate of Cr6+ presented increasing tendency over time. In condition of 25°C, 1.0g unmodified peanut shell,50mL 30mg·L-1 Cr6+ solution, the initial pH value 1.0 and contact time 300min, the adsorption rate of Cr6+ was only 71%. In the same conditions, the removal rate of modified peanut shell was 75%, compared to the unmodified increasing by 4%. Thus modified treatment for peanut shell has no significant effect on the adsorption effect. And In condition of 25°C, 50mL 30mg·L-1 Cr6+ solution, the initial pH value 1.0 and contact time 270min, the removal rate of 1.0g modified peanut shell was 75%, but the modified peanut shell powders removal rate was 99%, representing an increase of 25% before crushing, thus to increase the contact area can improve the adsorption effect.
Preparation of Calcium Sulfate Anhydrate Whisker and a Primary Investigation of its Arsenic Removal Performance
Authors: Chen Xiao Juan , Yang Liu Chun , Zhang Jun Feng , Huang Yan
Published: May 2013

Calcium sulfate whisker (CSW) was prepared through the method of cooling recrystallization. In an attempt to develop its new application in environmental protection, we investigated the effect of calcination on the material properties and arsenic uptake performance of calcium sulfate whisker anhydrate (CSAW), which was obtained from CSW calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. Moreover, XRD, SEM, optical microscope, and FT-IR were used to characterize CSW samples. It was found that calcination played an important role in the whisker structure through changing the content of crystal water and the morphology. The CSAW material exhibited a high removal rate of As3+/As5+under strongly alkaline condition.
Removal of Natural Organic Matter of Artificial Lake by Modified Fly Ash
Authors: Wu Chang Nian , Wang Li , Ling Qi , Tang Yu Chao , Huang Jian , Pan Fa Kang
Published: May 2013

Coal fly ash (CFA) modified by sulfuric acid treatment was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing natural organic matter (NOM) in an artificial lake. The specific surface areas and SEM images of modified coal fly ash (MCFA) and CFA were observed. Two equilibrium models were compared to evaluate NOM removal process with a better fitting using the Freundlich model. Kinetic studies were also carried out to fit the experimental data. The pseudo second-order provided the highest coefficients of determination.
Study on the Environmental Friendliness of Biomass Dishware Based on Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Guo An Fu , Zhao Jian , Li Jian Feng , Li Fang Yi , Wei Ai Qing
Published: May 2013

Biomass materials are the best substitute for those made of plastic packaging materials all over the world. Widespread application of these materials can control or eliminate the increase of white pollution problem effectively. In this paper, the analysis model of biomass 450 ml lunch box was established based on Life Cycle Assessment, and then the environment Friendliness of the box, such as resource consumption, environment quality and human health, was analyzed. The results have shown that the resource consumption, environment quality and human health of biomass products were 26.6mPt, 6.23mPt, 16mPt, and these parameters of plastic products were 291mPt, 12.1mPt, 74.1mPt. Therefore, the biomass products have better environmental Friendliness than plastic products.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by two Kinds of Pillared Bentonites
Authors: Wang Zhen , Cheng Ze Sheng , Liu Yu , Bo Na Na , Li Shu Ping
Published: May 2013

The hydroxy-aluminum pillared bentonite(OH-Al-bent) and aluminum pillared bentonite(Al-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. The yield of products and the adsorbent capabilities for Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions including adsorption time, reagent dosage, the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) and PH that might influent the adsorption performance were also investigated. It was observed that the adsorption capabilities of OH-Al-bent was better than Al-bent. The efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) removal were better when the dosage of the sorbent was higher. And a reagent dosage of 7g/L, adsorption time of 60min, PH of 4 were selected as an optimum conditions.
Column Experiment on Cr (VI) Reduction with SiO2-Coated Fe Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Yong Chao , Liu Ke Jia , Ren Bo Zhi
Published: May 2013

SiO2-coated Fe nanocomposites (Fe@SiO2) were prepared without using any of surface-coupling agents. The outer SiO2 coating offered new possibilities for the control of Fe core agglomeration. In order to investigate Cr (VI) reduction in open systems that simulated subsurface conditions, sand column experiments were conducted. When 10 mg/L of Cr (VI) was injected into the columns, the removal efficiencies of Cr (VI) by the Fe@SiO2 were 65 mg Cr/g Fe. The transport tests in deionized water-saturated sand columns indicated that 88.03% of Fe@SiO2 was eluted. Nonetheless, the mobility of Fe@SiO2 decreased when encountering 10 mmol/L Na+ and Ca2+. Presumably, 15 mg/L humic acid enhanced the mobility of Fe@SiO2. Overall, the results of this study indicate that Fe@SiO2 has the potential to become an effective reactive material for in situ groundwater remediation.
Influence of Organic Alkali on the Preparation of Lignin-Based Anionic Adsorbents and their Performance in the Removal of Nitrate
Authors: Wang Zhen , Bo Na Na , Cheng Ze Sheng , Liu Ying , Liu Yu
Published: May 2013

Lignin-based anionic exchange resin was synthesized by modified alkali lignin after reaction with epichlorohydrin and triethylamine in the weak alkaline medium provided by pyridine in the organic medium of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The influence of pyridine on synthesis process and yield of products were discussed. The product was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy analysis and the adsorbent capabilities for N from aqueous solution were also exploited. The factors that might influent the adsorption performance were investigated. An adsorbent dosage of 0.2g, adsorption time of 100min, pH of 4 and the initial concentration of nitrate concentration was 10mg/l were selected as optimum conditions.
Strength and Durability Characteristics of Polymer Modified Concrete Incorporating Vinyl Acetate Effluent
Authors: Noruzman A. H. , Ismail M. , Bhutta M. A. R. , Yusuf T. O. , Shehu I. A. , Hassan I. O.
Published: May 2013

Waste generation from surface coating industries brings about worsening of the environmental scenery and human health in the world. The production of these wastes is detrimental to surrounding areas in landfill or dumping spaces, therefore necessary action is required to minimize the unpleasant situation. This research is aimed at using waste generated from the manufacture of paint known as vinyl acetate effluent as an admixture in concrete. The material is rinse water taken from the cleaning process reactor. Concrete of 0% vinyl acetate effluent cured in water with those of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% by weight of cement were produced and cured using Japanese standard. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and durability at 3, 7 and 28 days. Findings show that incorporating of 2.5% of Vinyl acetate effluent improves strength properties of concrete. Higher resistance of water absorption and sulfate conditions were observed in polymer modified concrete. The study has shown that incorporating vinyl acetate effluent in producing polymer modified concrete could bring lights of using the waste material for sustainable and environmental preservations.
Study on Production Technology of Paper Wooden Compound Pallets
Authors: Guo Jian Hai , Huang Jun Yan , Sun Xin , Wu Shuang Ling , Ma Jie
Published: May 2013

The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.
Tertiary Treatment of Paper Industries Effluent with Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Process in the Presence of Modified Bentonite Powdery Electrodes
Authors: Wang Zhen , Cheng Ze Sheng , Liu Yu , Bo Na Na , Liu Ying
Published: May 2013

Tertiary treatment wascarried out to treat pulp and paper effluent from secondary treatment processby a three-dimensional electrode system equipped with modifiedbentonites as powdery electrode. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified bentonite (CTAB-bent) and hydroxy-aluminum pillaredorganic bentonite (OH-Al-CTAB-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRDand FTIR spectroscopy analysis.The impacts such as the dosage of particle electrode, electrolysis times,current density were on the COD removal efficiency and decolorization effect ofeffluent were also investigated. The results showed that the experimentscarried out by three-dimensional electrode system with OH-Al-CTAB-bent weresufficient for the COD and color removal efficiency. A current density of 30mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 40min, and the particle electrodedosage of 1.6g/L were selected as an optimum conditions that allows fast andlow cost treatment. The effluent can achieve the discharge standard of waterpollutants for pulp and paper industry (GB3544-2008) after electrolysis.
Factors Influencing the Removal of As(V) from Groundwater by NF/RO
Authors: Ma Wei Fang , Liu Wen Jun , Zhang Pan Yue , Guo Hao
Published: May 2013

The effect of coexisting sulfate [(SO4)2-], pH, and conversion rate on arsenic (As) removal from groundwater through nanofiltration, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, and membrane fouling was studied. The results show that As concentration in permeate water was less than 10 μg/L when the feed As concentration was less than 135 μg/L, whereas As concentration after RO was less than 10 μg/L in all cases even if feed As concentration was more than 199 μg/L; these values in permeate water nearly meet the arsenic content level prescribed by China’s drinking water standards. The As rejection rate decreased with the increase in feed As and coexisting ion concentration, whereas the opposite occurred with regard to pH and conversion ratio. The decreasing percentage of the As rejection rate remained the same when arsenic concentration increased by 1 μmol or when (SO4)2- increased by 0.5 mol. The As rejection rate did not change significantly when the feed As concentration exceeded 200 μg/L. The As rejection rate increased when pH increased, and an ideal rejection rate was achieved at pH 6.5. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the main fouling component was CaCO3 which was deposited in the membrane pores and decreased the As rejection rate.
The Influence Factors of Compressive Strength and Production of Mineral Polymer of Aluminum Rocks in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Qiong Qiong , Xiong Yu Qiang
Published: May 2013

Aluminous rocks from Xiuwen County, Guizhou are the main raw materials, mixed some kaolin mineral. Water glass and alkaline activators are used to product polymer materials, the main experimental indicators are the compressive strength. Here, the studies on amount of water glass and alkaline activator, solid-liquid ratio, amount of kaolin and effects on compressive strength of Geopolymer have been proceeded respectively. The result shows that: the highest compressive strength of geopolymers is17.94 Mpa, with aluminous rock 40g, solid-liquid ratio 2.2, water glass12g and alkali activator 2.01g, as well as kaolin 18.02g.
Green and Efficient Coal Slurry Drying Process
Authors: Zeng Qing Liang , Li Xian Peng , Wang Xing Hua , Zhang Bin , Cui Zhe
Published: May 2013

The existing coal slurry drying process efficiency is low and discharge waste gas and water. So a green and efficient coal slurry drying process was putted forward in this paper. A technical support was provided for construction of resource-saving and environment friendly mining area.
The Influence of Ph Value on the Treatment of Direct Sun-Proof Dyes Wastewater by Iron Trichloride
Authors: Tian Yu Ping , Wang Bo
Published: May 2013

The treatment of dyeing wastewater is a problem of great difficulty and a focus of public owing to its high color intensity, varying water quality and poor biodegradability. The optimal pH values of iron trichloride in treating three kinds of direct sun-proof dyeing wastewater were studied. Experimental results show when the concentration of iron trichloride was 2g/L, the optimum pH value were 8,6 and 7 for three kinds of simulated dye wastewater of direct sun-proof light green, yellow and scarlet.Under these conditions, the removal rate of turbidity were 88.7%, 89.5% and 92.9%, and the removal rate of color were 83.6%, 62.3% and 79.6%.
Seismic Hazard Estimation in East China Offshore Areas
Authors: Zhang Li Fang , Peng Yan Ju , Wang Zhen Ming
Published: May 2013

In this study, we chose East China offshore areas as study region(N25°~41°，E117°~126°).According to the tectonic environments and characteristics of earthquake the seismotectonic units were established, taking Gaussian spatially smoothing only based on the input earthquake catalog, and fault-rupture-oriented elliptical smoothing to calculate the seismic activity rate in each cells. The maps for the distribution of horizontal peak ground acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years were obtained through using the method of seismic hazard analysis based on cell source. While the total number of earthquakes unchanged, two-stage smoothing procedure deals with the error of epicenter location, contains the seismotectonic information in elliptical smoothing seismicity model. This method build up a simple and easy methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, especially for those place where not yet been clearly master the seismic tectonic information and with distributed Seismic activity.
Comparison of the Roles of Tea Polysaccharides and Polyphenols in Growth Inhibition of Hepatoma H22 Cells in Mice
Authors: Fan Yan Li , Wang Wen Hang , Hu Yuan Shu , Rong Qi , Teng An Guo , Liu An Jun
Published: May 2013

The effects of tea polysaccharides (TPS) and polyphenols (TPP) on the growth inhibition of hepatoma H22 cells in mice including the roles of them in immune stimulation were investigated. The results showed that TPS and TPP both significantly inhibited the growth of H22 transplantable tumor in mice without statistical difference, both remarkably decreased the spleen index and increased the thymus index compared with that of model group (p<0.05). In addition, TPS and TPP significantly improved the splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS, and notably enhanced the macrophage phagocytosis towards neutral red. The comparison showed the effect of TPS on immune stimulation was superior to that of TPP to some extent.
Effects of the Protein in Wheat Straw on Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Lian Jie , Zhang Tao , Yu Meng , Wang Xin Ming
Published: May 2013

The article used acid protease to remove the protein in wheat straw, and investigated the influence of wheat straw without the protein to enzymatic hydrolysis. By the single factor experiments, the cellulose degradation rate of wheat straw removed the protein was significantly higher than untreated, in the same conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis. It is shortening 24h of enzymatic hydrolysis time and reducing enzyme dosage 90mg/g. By the orthogonal experiments, the optimal reaction conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw with protein removed is the cellulase dosage 170mg, enzymatic time 56h, solid-liquid ratio 1:20, pH 4.8, the reaction temperature 50°C. Compared to the untreated, the cellulose degradation rate increased by 35.58%.
Structure and Physical Properties of Liquid Ni2Sb98 Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Lv Ting , Zheng Hong Liang , Guo Feng Xiang , Tian Xue Lei
Published: May 2013

The liquid structure of Ni2Sb98 eutectic alloy is studied with the method of X-ray diffraction and measurements of viscosity in this paper. Covalent bonding structures, which are characterized by the shoulder on the high- Q side of the first peak of structure factors, are observed over the full measuring temperature range. And the split of second peak of the pair correlation function suggests that the chemical short-range order structure exits in the melt. Correspondingly, variation of the viscosity obeys the Arrhenius law except the abrupt point near 1025K and the electrical resistivity changes abnormally at about 1020K. In addition, the coordination numbers prove that the A7-like structure is almost destroyed in liquid Ni2Sb98 alloy. This research is aim to provide new insight into the structure evolution of liquid alloys during the cooling process.
Influence of Cortical Layer Thickness of Alveolar Bone on Stress Distribution over Implant Supported Region
Authors: Liao Ching Tsun , Tseng Chwei Goong , Shih Kan Shan , Chuang Wei Min
Published: May 2013

This study discusses the stresses in alveolar bones with various thicknesses of cortical layer around the implanted fixed partial denture subject to occlusion or external load. The stresses induced by occlusion and external loads can vary with the condition of the bone. For verification, a physical model with identical shape to the digital model and with similar material properties, loads, and boundary conditions was built. The data obtained from the physical model agreed well with that obtained from the simulations performed on the digital model. After the reliability of the finite element method (FEM) digital model had been confirmed, stresses induced by occlusion and external loads were studied. The induced stress level on the cortical bone increased with the decrease in the cortical layer. When the cortical layer vanished, the induced stress level significantly dropped. The soft cancellous bone supported the implanted complex completely once the cortical layer had gone. However, the induced displacement continued to increase more rapidly as the cortical layer thickened or vanished. A lateral load applied to the complex was also studied. The movement between the natural bone and the implant increased with the decrease in the cortical layer. This could lead to the stability problem of the implant denture and osseointegration. The results indicate that patients with thinner cortical bone carried a higher risk of failure during the restoration.
Mechanism of Peptide Changes during Drying Fermented Soybean Meal
Authors: Guan Jun Jun , Yang Guo Hao , Wang Jin Shui , Jia Feng
Published: May 2013

To investigate the effect of drying temperature on the fermented soybean meal, we examined the water content, protein solubility, and kinetics and thermodynamics of small peptide elimination. Results showed that the drying process of the fermented soybean meal could reduce the water content to safe level, and higher temperature (> 70 °C) would shorten the drying time, but at the same time, decrease the protein solubility and the content of small peptides. Kinetic parameters indicated that the highest rate constant k at 90°C was 18.6 times of the lowest k at 50°C and temperature effect was stronger than the time effect in the reaction, as a result, reducing their content. Thermodynamic calculation appeared that there was the chemical endothermic reaction of peptides and higher temperature also accelerated the elimination of the small peptides in this drying system.
Optimization of Multi-Strain Solid State Fermentation to Improve the Content of Soybean Meal Protein by Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Yang Guo Hao , Guan Jun Jun , Wang Jin Shui , Jia Feng
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to optimize the variables which affect the protein content of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with multi-strain in solid state condition. Response surface methodology (Box-behnken design) was used to design the experiments. Also, the effects of each factor and their interactions on protein content were analyzed. Regression equation between the influencing factors (moisture content, inoculation ratio and fermentation period) and the response value (protein content) was established and the results revealed that the optimal conditions were 56% moisture content, 9.5% inoculation ratio and fermentation periods was 43.5 h. Under these conditions, the actual protein content of FSBM reached 56.96%, which was very close to the predicted value (57.08%). The good correlation between predicted and actual values proved the validity of the response model.
Research on Oxidation of Phenanthrene to Phenanthrenequinone with TBHP
Authors: Luo Ying Ji , Liu Zu Yu
Published: May 2013

The oxidation of phenanthrene with TBHP into phenanthrenequinone has been studied. Reaction conditions were investigated by orthogonal test, and main technical parameters optimized. The optimum preparation conditions of TBHP were as follows: molar ratio of H2O2 to tert-butyl alcohol: 2:1; molar ratio of H2SO4 to tert-butyl alcohol: 0.4:1; reaction temperature: 60°C; reaction time: 4 h. And for the preparation of phenanthrenequinone the optimum conditions: molar ratio of TBHP to phenanthrene: 5:1; MoO2(acac)2 (catalyster) content: 0.05g(per 5g phenanthrene); reaction time: 4h.
Emulsifying and Foaming Properties of Wheat Gluten Influenced by High Pressure Microfluidization
Authors: Yan Nai Jun , Liu Guo Qin , Chen Lu Yao , Liu Xin Qi
Published: May 2013

The changes in emulsifying and foaming properties of wheat gluten treated by dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) were identified. Solutions of wheat gluten (4%, w/w) in water or in pH=2 aqueous solution were treated by various pressure (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 MPa) microfluidization. It was found that DHPM treatment could effectively improve the emulsifying property and foam stability of wheat gluten in water, but decrease the foaming capacity of wheat gluten in water and emulsifying and foaming properties of wheat gluten in pH=2 aqueous solution. These results may be useful to the food processing industry.