bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placebo From an Enactive Perspective
Authors: Arandia Iñigo R. , Di Paolo Ezequiel A.
Published: June 2021

Due to their complexity and variability, placebo effects remain controversial. We suggest this is also due to a set of problematic assumptions (dualism, reductionism, individualism, passivity). We critically assess current explanations and empirical evidence and propose an alternative theoretical framework—the enactive approach to life and mind—based on recent developments in embodied cognitive science. We review core enactive concepts such as autonomy, agency, and sense-making. Following these ideas, we propose a move from binary distinctions (e.g., conscious vs. non-conscious) to the more workable categories of reflective and pre-reflective activity. We introduce an ontology of individuation, following the work of Gilbert Simondon, that allow us to see placebo interventions not as originating causal chains, but as modulators and triggers in the regulation of tensions between ongoing embodied and interpersonal processes. We describe these interrelated processes involving looping effects through three intertwined dimensions of embodiment: organic, sensorimotor, and intersubjective. Finally, we defend the need to investigate therapeutic interactions in terms of participatory sense-making, going beyond the identification of individual social traits (e.g., empathy, trust) that contribute to placebo effects. We discuss resonances and differences between the enactive proposal, popular explanations such as expectations and conditioning, and other approaches based on meaning responses and phenomenological/ecological ideas.
Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Food Security, and Dietary Diversity Among Sociology Students at the Central University of Venezuela
Authors: Hernández Pablo , Camardiel Alberto
Published: June 2021

Venezuela is currently in a difficult social, political, and economic situation that has exposed people to many factors, including socioeconomic disadvantages, food insecurity, and lack of access to healthy and nutritious foods. These factors are associated with low dietary diversity, especially for economically dependent university students. In this study, we aimed to identify the associations between socioeconomic status, food security, and dietary diversity among sociology students at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV). This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and November 2016 on a simple random sample of 270 students. Indicators were calculated using data collected by the Mendez-Castellano socioeconomic questionnaire, the Community Childhood Hunger Identification Projects Scale of Food Security adapted and validated for Venezuelans (Cronbach's alpha = 0.898), and the validated dietary diversity scale for individuals. The rate response was 100%. It was observed that most of the sample is located between the socioeconomic status of the rich and middle class (82.6%), presents some degree of food insecurity (85.9%), and maintains a diet with low dietary diversity (54.8%). Our main finding is that the socioeconomic status in the households of those students is not associated with either their food security level or their dietary diversity, but these constructs are related in a significant statistical way. In particular, the odds of a student household having a diverse diet instead of a monotonous diet are 3.92 (95% CI: 2.91; 4.93) times greater for those in food security instead of moderate/severe food insecurity. It is concluded that these students have a multifactorial critical food situation, in which the food right is violated, which could affect their permanence and academic performance.
Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Granulosa Cells of Chicken Preovulatory Follicles: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Katarzyńska-Banasik Dorota , Kozubek Anna , Grzesiak Małgorzata , Sechman Andrzej
Published: June 2021

The continuous development of poultry production related to the growing demand for eggs and chicken meat makes it necessary to use modern technologies. An answer to this demand may be the use of nanotechnology in poultry farming. One of the promising nanomaterials in this field are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are used as disinfectants, reducing microbial pollution and the amounts of greenhouse gases released. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on the proliferation and apoptosis process in the granulosa cells of chicken preovulatory follicles. The in vitro culture experiment revealed that both 13 nm and 50 nm AgNPs inhibited the proliferation of the granulosa cells. However, a faster action was observed in 50 nm AgNPs than in 13 nm ones. A size-dependent effect of AgNP was also demonstrated for the caspase-3 activity. AgNPs 13 nm in size increased the caspase-3 activity in granulosa cells, while 50 nm AgNPs did not exert an effect, which may indicate the induction of distinct cell death pathways by AgNPs. In conclusion, our study reveals that AgNPs in vitro inhibit granulosa cell proliferation and stimulate their apoptosis. These results suggest that AgNPs may disrupt the final stage of preovulatory follicle maturation and ovulation.
Comprehensive Analysis of a Coast Thunderstorm That Produced a Sprite over the Bohai Sea
Authors: Pan Cong , Yang Jing , Liu Kun , Wang Yu
Published: June 2021

Sprites are transient luminous events (TLEs) that occur over thunderstorm clouds that represent the direct coupling relationship between the troposphere and the upper atmosphere. We report the evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that produced only one sprite event, and the characteristics of this thunderstorm and the related lightning activity are analyzed in detail. The results show that the parent flash of the sprite was positive cloud-to-ground lightning (+CG) with a single return stroke, which was located in the trailing stratiform region of the MCS with a radar reflectivity of 25 to 35 dBZ. The absolute value of the negative CG (−CG) peak current for half an hour before and after the occurrence of the sprite was less than 50 kA, which was not enough to produce the sprite. Sprites tend to be produced early in the maturity-to-dissipation stage of the MCS, with an increasing percentage of +CG to total CG (POP), indicating that the sprite production was the attenuation of the thunderstorm and the area of the stratiform region.
Screening of Novel Laccase Producers—Isolation and Characterization of Cold-Adapted Laccase from Kabatiella bupleuri G3 Capable of Synthetic Dye Decolorization
Authors: Wiśniewska Katarzyna M. , Twarda-Clapa Aleksandra , Białkowska Aneta M.
Published: June 2021

Psychrophilic laccases catalyzing the bond formation in mild, environmentally friendly conditions are one of the biocatalysts at the focus of green chemistry. Screening of 41 cold-adapted strains of yeast and yeast-like fungi revealed a new laccase-producing strain, which was identified as Kabatiella bupleuri G3 IBMiP according to the morphological characteristics and analysis of sequences of the D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA domain and the ITS1–5,8S–ITS2 region. The extracellular activity of laccase in reaction with 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at the optimal pH 3.5 was 215 U/L after 15 days of growth in a medium with waste material and 126 U/L after 25 days of cultivation in a defined medium. Copper (II) ions (0.4 mM), Tween 80 (1.0 mM) and ascorbic acid (5.0 mM) increased the production of laccase. The optimum temperature for enzyme operation is in the range of 30–40 °C and retains over 60% of the maximum activity at 10 °C. New laccase shows high thermolability—half-life at 40 °C was only 60 min. Enzyme degradation of synthetic dyes was the highest for crystal violet, i.e., 48.6% after 1-h reaction with ABTS as a mediator. Outcomes of this study present the K. bupleuri laccase as a potential psychrozyme for environmental and industrial applications.
Towards Dual-Metal Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Alkynes
Authors: González-Belman Oscar , Brotons-Rufes Artur , Tomasini Michele , Falivene Laura , Caporaso Lucia , Jiménez-Halla Jose , Poater Albert
Published: June 2021

Poly (vinyl ethers) are compounds with great value in the coating industry due to exhibiting properties such as high viscosity, soft adhesiveness, resistance to saponification and solubility in water and organic solvents. However, the main challenge in this field is the synthesis of vinyl ether monomers that can be synthetized by methodologies such as vinyl transfer, reduction of vinyl phosphate ether, isomerization, hydrogenation of acetylenic ethers, elimination, addition of alcohols to alkyne species etc. Nevertheless, the most successful strategy to access to vinyl ether derivatives is the addition of alcohols to alkynes catalyzed by transition metals such as molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, iridium and rhodium, where gold-NHC catalysts have shown the best results in vinyl ether synthesis. Recently, the hydrophenoxylation reaction was found to proceed through a digold-assisted process where the species that determine the rate of the reaction are PhO-[Au(IPr)] and alkyne-[Au(IPr)]. Later, the improvement of the hydrophenoxylation reaction by using a mixed combination of Cu-NHC and Au-NHC catalysts was also reported. DFT studies confirmed a cost-effective method for the hydrophenoxylation reaction and located the rate-determining step, which turned out to be quite sensitive to the sterical hindrance due to the NHC ligands.
Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles as a Magnetic Modifier of Bioanode and Biocathode in a Biofuel Cell and Biobattery
Authors: Chomicz Roman , Bystrzejewski Michał , Stolarczyk Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

This work demonstrates the application of magnetic carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) for the construction of bioelectrodes in a biobattery and a biofuel cell. It has been shown that carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles are a suitable material for the immobilization of laccase (Lc) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) and fructose dehydrogenase (FDH). The system is stable; no leaching of the enzyme and mediator from the surface of the modified electrode was observed. The onset of the catalytic reduction of oxygen to water was at 0.55 V, and catalytic fructose oxidation started at −0.15 V. A biobattery was developed in which a zinc plate served as the anode, and the cathode was a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles, laccase in the Nafion (Nf) layer. The maximum power of the cell was ca. 7 mW/cm2 at 0.71 V and under external resistance of 1 kΩ. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) for this system was 1.51 V. In the biofuel cell, magnetic nanoparticles were used both on the bioanode and biocathode to immobilize the enzymes. The glassy carbon bioanode was coated with carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles, 1,4-naphthoquinone, fructose dehydrogenase, and Nafion. The cathode was modified with carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles and laccase in the Nafion layer. The biofuel cell parameters were as follows: maximum power of 78 µW/cm2 at the voltage of 0.33 V and under 20 kΩ resistance, and the open-circuit voltage was 0.49 V. These enzymes worked effectively in the biofuel cell, and laccase also effectively worked in the biobattery.
Reduced mGluR5 Activity Modulates Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Gonzalez-Lozano Miguel A. , Wortel Joke , van der Loo Rolinka J. , van Weering Jan R. T. , Smit August B. , Li Ka Wan
Published: June 2021

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is an essential modulator of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory; whereas in pathological conditions, it is an acknowledged therapeutic target that has been implicated in multiple brain disorders. Despite robust pre-clinical data, mGluR5 antagonists failed in several clinical trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying mGluR5 function. In this study, we dissected the molecular synaptic modulation mediated by mGluR5 using genetic and pharmacological mouse models to chronically and acutely reduce mGluR5 activity. We found that next to dysregulation of synaptic proteins, the major regulation in protein expression in both models concerned specific processes in mitochondria, such as oxidative phosphorylation. Second, we observed morphological alterations in shape and area of specifically postsynaptic mitochondria in mGluR5 KO synapses using electron microscopy. Third, computational and biochemical assays suggested an increase of mitochondrial function in neurons, with increased level of NADP/H and oxidative damage in mGluR5 KO. Altogether, our observations provide diverse lines of evidence of the modulation of synaptic mitochondrial function by mGluR5. This connection suggests a role for mGluR5 as a mediator between synaptic activity and mitochondrial function, a finding which might be relevant for the improvement of the clinical potential of mGluR5.
Regulation of GH and GH Signaling by Nutrients
Authors: Caputo Marina , Pigni Stella , Agosti Emanuela , Daffara Tommaso , Ferrero Alice , Filigheddu Nicoletta , Prodam Flavia
Published: June 2021

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body maintenance, and in conditions of energy deprivation, favor catabolic feedback mechanisms switching from carbohydrate oxidation to lipolysis, with the aim to preserve protein storages and survival. IGF-I/insulin signaling was also the first one identified in the regulation of lifespan in relation to the nutrient-sensing. Indeed, nutrients are crucial modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the complex orchestration of utilization of nutrients in cell and tissues. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the reciprocal feedback among the GH/IGF-I axis, macro and micronutrients, and dietary regimens, including caloric restriction. Expanding the depth of information on this topic could open perspectives in nutrition management, prevention, and treatment of GH/IGF-I deficiency or excess during life.
Surface Heterostructure of Aluminum with Carbon Nanotubes Obtained by Laser-Oriented Deposition
Authors: Kamanina Natalia , Borodianskiy Konstantin , Kvashnin Dmitry
Published: June 2021

Al is one of the most widely applicable metallic materials due to its advanced properties. However, its main drawback is its strength, which is relatively low compared to ferrous alloys. This issue may be resolved using different approaches. In the present work, a heterostructure of Al substrate with a modified surface with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied. This heterostructure was obtained using the laser-oriented deposition technique. The obtained results showed a slight reduction in the reflectivity of the obtained Al substrate with embedded CNTs compared to pure Al. Additionally, the obtained surface heterostructure showed enhancement in microhardness and higher hydrophobicity. Simulation of the CNT embedding process revealed that CNT penetration strongly depends on the diameter. Hence, the penetration increases when the diameter decreases.
Information and Self-Organization II: Steady State and Phase Transition
Authors: Haken Hermann , Portugali Juval
Published: June 2021

This paper starts from Schrödinger’s famous question “what is life” and elucidates answers that invoke, in particular, Friston’s free energy principle and its relation to the method of Bayesian inference and to Synergetics 2nd foundation that utilizes Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle. Our presentation reflects the shift from the emphasis on physical principles to principles of information theory and Synergetics. In view of the expected general audience of this issue, we have chosen a somewhat tutorial style that does not require special knowledge on physics but familiarizes the reader with concepts rooted in information theory and Synergetics.
Automatic Overcurrent Protection Coordination after Distribution Network Reconfiguration Based on Peer-To-Peer Communication
Authors: Valenzuela Alex , Simani Silvio , Inga Esteban
Published: June 2021

Electrical power systems represent a fundamental part of society, and their efficient operations are of vital importance for social and economic development. Power systems have been designed to withstand interruptions under already provided safety and quality principles; however, there are some extreme and not so frequent events that could represent inconveniences for the correct operation of the entire system. For this reason, in recent years the term resilience, which serves to describe the capacity of a system to recover from an unwanted event, has been analyzed on planning, operation and remedial actions. This work is focused on the implementation of a topological reconfiguration tool, which is oriented to change the structure of primary feeders based on changing the status of switchgears. Once the distribution network has been reconfigured, an algorithm of protection coordination is executed based on communication peer-to-peer between Matlab and PowerFactory, which develops an adaptive calculation to determine the current setting and the time multiplier setting. The reconfiguration and coordination protection algorithms could be implemented and evaluated on different distribution networks, areas and locations.
A Novel DSP-Based MPPT Control Design for Photovoltaic Systems Using Neural Network Compensator
Authors: Tsai Ming-Fa , Tseng Chung-Shi , Hung Kuo-Tung , Lin Shih-Hua
Published: June 2021

In this study, based on the slope of power versus voltage, a novel maximum-power-point tracking algorithm using a neural network compensator was proposed and implemented on a TI TMS320F28335 digital signal processing chip, which can easily process the input signals conversion and the complex floating-point computation on the neural network of the proposed control scheme. Because the output power of the photovoltaic system is a function of the solar irradiation, cell temperature, and characteristics of the photovoltaic array, the analytic solution for obtaining the maximum power is difficult to obtain due to its complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainties of parameters. The innovation of this work is to obtain the maximum power of the photovoltaic system using a neural network with the idea of transferring the maximum-power-point tracking problem into a proportional-integral current control problem despite the variation in solar irradiation, cell temperature, and the electrical load characteristics. The current controller parameters are determined via a genetic algorithm for finding the controller parameters by the minimization of a complicatedly nonlinear performance index function. The experimental result shows the output power of the photovoltaic system, which consists of the series connection of two 155-W TYN-155S5 modules, is 267.42 W at certain solar irradiation and ambient temperature. From the simulation and experimental results, the validity of the proposed controller was verified.
Making Whiteness Visible and Felt in Fairview
Authors: Pearce Michael
Published: June 2021

In this article I analyse how Jackie Sibblies Drury’s play Fairview makes white audience members feel white. As a play that exposes whiteness and calls white people to account for their racism, Fairview speaks to contemporary global antiracist activism efforts. Therefore, I begin by situating Fairview in the transatlantic cultural and political context of Black Lives Matter. I then discuss the theatrical devices Drury employs in Fairview in order to make whiteness felt before going on to analyse a range of white audience responses to the production at London’s Young Vic Theatre in 2019/2020. I reflect on these responses in relation to how white people react to accusations of white privilege and power in the public sphere and identify shared strategies for sustaining whiteness. In conclusion, I consider Fairview as a model of affective antiracist activism.
EU27 Higher Education Institutions and COVID-19, Year 2020
Authors: Sobral Sónia Rolland , Jesus-Silva Natacha , Cardoso Abílio , Moreira Fernando
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 forced higher education institutions to reinvent themselves. The (usually) face-to-face education has swapped to distance contingency education. This change brought about numerous challenges that impose adjustments in several dimensions, such as pedagogical strategies and the dependence on teaching platforms and computer systems—and, above all, the new relationship between the various actors (students, teachers, and management staff). All the sudden changes, combined with uncertainty concerning what was happening, created several strategies and options. This paper has the main purpose of analyzing the scientific production on higher education of EU27 academic institutions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in journals indexed in Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science and Elsevier’s Scopus. The sample is composed of 22 articles in total. The results show that the articles were published in 19 journals; their main focuses are Higher Education, COVID-19, and distance learning. In our database, we find several types of concerns, which shows that HEIs have a wide range of dimensions. We intend this article to be an instrument, not only to identify what was done in 2020, but to point out clues for the future.
Hybrid Tele and In-Clinic Occupation Based Intervention to Improve Women’s Daily Participation after Breast Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Loubani Khawla , Kizony Rachel , Milman Uzi , Schreuer Naomi
Published: June 2021

Background: Women after breast cancer (BC) cope with decreased daily participation and quality of life (QOL) due to physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. This study examined a hybrid occupation-based intervention, Managing Participation with Breast Cancer (MaP-BC), to improve daily participation in their meaningful activities. Methods: Thirty-five women after BC phase were randomly allocated to the MaP-BC intervention (n = 18) or control (n = 17) group (standard care only). Assessments were administered at baseline (T1), 6-week (T2), and 12-week (T3) post-T1. Main outcome: perceived performance and performance-satisfaction with meaningful activities according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Secondary outcomes: retained activity levels (Activity Card Sort), QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast), cognitive abilities (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function), and upper-extremity functioning (Disability of Arm, Shoulder, Hand). Results showed significant interaction (group x time) effects for the primary outcome in performance, F(2,66) = 29.54, p = 0.001, ɳP2 = 0.472, and satisfaction, F(2,66) = 37.15, p = 0.000, ɳP2 = 0.530. The intervention group improved more in performance, t = 5.51, p = 0.0001, d = 1.298, and satisfaction, t = −5.32, p = 0.0001, d = 1.254, than the control group between T1 and T2. Secondary outcomes demonstrated within-group improvements. Conclusion: MaP-BC, a comprehensive occupation-based hybrid intervention tailored to women’s functional daily needs after BC, improved participation in meaningful activities within a short period.
The Negative Impact of Varicocele on Basic Semen Parameters, Sperm Nuclear DNA Dispersion and Oxidation-Reduction Potential in Semen
Authors: Gill Kamil , Kups Michal , Harasny Patryk , Machalowski Tomasz , Grabowska Marta , Lukaszuk Mariusz , Matuszewski Marcin , Duchnik Ewa , Fraczek Monika , Kurpisz Maciej , Piasecka Malgorzata
Published: June 2021

Since varicocele is so common in infertile men, this study intends to analyse the relationships between varicocele and conventional semen characteristics, sperm nuclear DNA dispersion and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in semen. Varicocele-positive and varicocele-negative infertile men (study groups) showed significantly lower standard sperm parameters and higher sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and ORP in semen than healthy volunteers and subjects with proven fertility (control groups). A lower proportion of low SDF levels (0–15% SDF) and higher incidence of high SDF levels (>30% SDF), as well as a higher prevalence of high ORP values (>1.37 mV/106 sperm/mL), were found in the study groups vs. the control groups. Moreover, infertile men had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) for low SDF levels and significantly higher ORs for high SDF levels and high ORP. SDF and ORP were negatively correlated with sperm number, morphology, motility and vitality. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between SDF and ORP. The obtained results suggest that disorders of spermatogenesis may occur in varicocele-related infertility. These abnormalities are manifested not only by reduced standard semen parameters but also by decreased sperm DNA integrity and simultaneously increased oxidative stress in semen.
Investigating Cooking Activity Patterns and Perceptions of Air Quality Interventions among Women in Urban Rwanda
Authors: Campbell Catherine A. , Bartington Suzanne E. , Woolley Katherine E. , Pope Francis D. , Thomas Graham Neil , Singh Ajit , Avis William R. , Tumwizere Patrick R. , Uwanyirigira Clement , Abimana Pacifique , Kabera Telesphore
Published: June 2021

Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass cooking with traditional stoves is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) worldwide. Air quality interventions such as improved cookstoves (ICS) may mitigate HAP-related impacts; however, poor understanding of contextual socio-cultural factors such as local cooking practices have limited their widespread adoption. Policymakers and stakeholders require an understanding of local cooking practices to inform effective HAP interventions which meet end-user needs. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 36 women residing in biomass-cooking fuel households in Kigali, Rwanda to identify cooking activity patterns, awareness of HAP-related health risks and ICS intervention preferences. Overall, 94% of respondents exclusively used charcoal cooking fuel and 53% cooked one meal each day (range = 1–3 meals). Women were significantly more likely to cook outdoors compared to indoors (64% vs. 36%; p < 0.05). Over half of respondents (53%) were unaware of HAP-related health risks and 64% had no prior awareness of ICS. Participants expressed preferences for stove mobility (89%) and facility for multiple pans (53%) within an ICS intervention. Our findings highlight the need for HAP interventions to be flexible to suit a range of cooking patterns and preferred features for end-users in this context.
Unusual Quadrupedal Locomotion in Rat during Recovery from Lumbar Spinal Blockade of 5-HT7 Receptors
Authors: Sławińska Urszula , Majczyński Henryk , Kwaśniewska Anna , Miazga Krzysztof , Cabaj Anna M. , Bekisz Marek , Jordan Larry M. , Zawadzka Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

Coordination of four-limb movements during quadrupedal locomotion is controlled by supraspinal monoaminergic descending pathways, among which serotoninergic ones play a crucial role. Here we investigated the locomotor pattern during recovery from blockade of 5-HT7 or 5-HT2A receptors after intrathecal application of SB269970 or cyproheptadine in adult rats with chronic intrathecal cannula implanted in the lumbar spinal cord. The interlimb coordination was investigated based on electromyographic activity recorded from selected fore- and hindlimb muscles during rat locomotion on a treadmill. In the time of recovery after hindlimb transient paralysis, we noticed a presence of an unusual pattern of quadrupedal locomotion characterized by a doubling of forelimb stepping in relation to unaffected hindlimb stepping (2FL-1HL) after blockade of 5-HT7 receptors but not after blockade of 5-HT2A receptors. The 2FL-1HL pattern, although transient, was observed as a stable form of fore-hindlimb coupling during quadrupedal locomotion. We suggest that modulation of the 5-HT7 receptors on interneurons located in lamina VII with ascending projections to the forelimb spinal network can be responsible for the 2FL-1HL locomotor pattern. In support, our immunohistochemical analysis of the lumbar spinal cord demonstrated the presence of the 5-HT7 immunoreactive cells in the lamina VII, which were rarely 5-HT2A immunoreactive.
Regulation of Monocytes/Macrophages by the Renin–Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy: State of the Art and Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Moratal Claudine , Laurain Audrey , Naïmi Mourad , Florin Thibault , Esnault Vincent , Neels Jaap G. , Chevalier Nicolas , Chinetti Giulia , Favre Guillaume
Published: June 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by albuminuria, loss of renal function, renal fibrosis and infiltration of macrophages originating from peripheral monocytes inside kidneys. DN is also associated with intrarenal overactivation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), an enzymatic cascade which is expressed and controlled at the cell and/or tissue levels. All members of the RAS are present in the kidneys and most of them are also expressed in monocytes/macrophages. This review focuses on the control of monocyte recruitment and the modulation of macrophage polarization by the RAS in the context of DN. The local RAS favors the adhesion of monocytes on renal endothelial cells and increases the production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and of osteopontin in tubular cells, driving monocytes into the kidneys. There, proinflammatory cytokines and the RAS promote the differentiation of macrophages into the M1 proinflammatory phenotype, largely contributing to renal lesions of DN. Finally, resolution of the inflammatory process is associated with a phenotype switch of macrophages into the M2 anti-inflammatory subset, which protects against DN. The pharmacologic interruption of the RAS reduces albuminuria, improves the trajectory of the renal function, decreases macrophage infiltration in the kidneys and promotes the switch of the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2.
Bladder Hyperactivity Induced by Oxidative Stress and Bladder Ischemia: A Review of Treatment Strategies with Antioxidants
Authors: Wu Yi-Hsuan , Chueh Kuang-Shun , Chuang Shu-Mien , Long Cheng-Yu , Lu Jian-He , Juan Yung-Shun
Published: June 2021

Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, including frequency, urgency, nocturia and urgency incontinence, has a significantly negative impact on the quality-of-life scale (QoL) and can cause sufferer withdrawal from social activities. The occurrence of OAB can result from an imbalance between the production of pro-oxidants, such as free radicals and reactive species, and their elimination through protective mechanisms of antioxidant-induced oxidative stress. Several animal models, such as bladder ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) and ovarian hormone deficiency (OHD), have suggested that cyclic I/R during the micturition cycle induces oxidative stress, leading to bladder denervation, bladder afferent pathway sensitization and overexpression of bladder-damaging molecules, and finally resulting in bladder hyperactivity. Based on the results of previous animal experiments, the present review specifically focuses on four issues: (1) oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system; (2) oxidative stress in OAB and biomarkers of OAB; (3) OAB animal model; (4) potential nature/plant antioxidant treatment strategies for urinary dysfunction with OAB. Moreover, we organized the relationships between urinary dysfunction and oxidative stress biomarkers in urine, blood and bladder tissue. Reviewed information also revealed the summary of research findings for the effects of various antioxidants for treatment strategies for OAB.
Augmented Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Has Therapeutic Potential for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Stimulating Anabolic Turnover in Bovine Nucleus Pulposus Cells under Changes in Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Takeoka Yoshiki , Paladugu Phani , Kang James D. , Mizuno Shuichi
Published: June 2021

Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are exposed to changes in hydrostatic pressure (HP) and osmotic pressure within the intervertebral disc. We focused on main disc matrix components, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and hyaluronan (HA) to elucidate the capability of augmented CSPG to enhance the anabolism of bovine NP (bNP) cells under repetitive changes in HP at high osmolality. Aggrecan expression with CSPG in the absence of HP was significantly upregulated compared to the no-material control (phosphate buffer saline) under no HP at 3 days, and aggrecan expression with CSPG under HP was significantly higher than the control with HA under HP at 12 days. Collagen type I expression under no HP was significantly lower with CSPG than in controls at 3 days. Although matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression under HP was downregulated compared to no HP, it was significantly greater with HA than the control and CSPG, even under HP. Immunohistology revealed the involvement of mechanoreceptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 activation under HP, suggesting an HP transduction mechanism. Addition of CSPG had anabolic and anti-fibrotic effects on bNP cells during the early culture period under no HP; furthermore, it showed synergy with dynamic HP to increase bNP-cell anabolism at later time points.
Comparative Transcriptome-Based Mining of Senescence-Related MADS, NAC, and WRKY Transcription Factors in the Rapid-Senescence Line DLS-91 of Brassica rapa
Authors: Yi So Young , Rameneni Jana Jeevan , Lee Myungjin , Song Seul Gi , Choi Yuri , Lu Lu , Lee Hyeokgeun , Lim Yong Pyo
Published: June 2021

Leaf senescence is a developmental process induced by various molecular and environmental stimuli that may affect crop yield. The dark-induced leaf senescence-91 (DLS-91) plants displayed rapid leaf senescence, dramatically decreased chlorophyll contents, low photochemical efficiencies, and upregulation of the senescence-associated marker gene BrSAG12-1. To understand DLS molecular mechanism, we examined transcriptomic changes in DLS-91 and control line DLS-42 following 0, 1, and 4 days of dark treatment (DDT) stages. We identified 501, 446, and 456 DEGs, of which 16.7%, 17.2%, and 14.4% encoded TFs, in samples from the three stages. qRT-PCR validation of 16 genes, namely, 7 MADS, 6 NAC, and 3 WRKY, suggested that BrAGL8-1, BrAGL15-1, and BrWRKY70-1 contribute to the rapid leaf senescence of DLS-91 before (0 DDT) and after (1 and 4 DDT) dark treatment, whereas BrNAC046-2, BrNAC029-2/BrNAP, and BrNAC092-1/ORE1 TFs may regulate this process at a later stage (4 DDT). In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of BrAGL8-1, BrAGL42-1, BrNAC029-2, BrNAC092-1, and BrWRKY70-3 of B. rapa provides insight into the regulation of these genes. Our study has uncovered several AGL-MADS, WRKY, and NAC TFs potentially worthy of further study to understand the underlying mechanism of rapid DLS in DLS-91.
Gender-Dependent Phenotype in Polycystic Kidney Disease Is Determined by Differential Intracellular Ca2+ Signals
Authors: Talbi Khaoula , Cabrita Inês , Schreiber Rainer , Kunzelmann Karl
Published: June 2021

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by loss of function of PKD1 (polycystin 1) or PKD2 (polycystin 2). The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A has a central role in ADPKD. Expression and function of TMEM16A is upregulated in ADPKD which causes enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signaling, cell proliferation, and ion secretion. We analyzed kidneys from Pkd1 knockout mice and found a more pronounced phenotype in males compared to females, despite similar levels of expression for renal tubular TMEM16A. Cell proliferation, which is known to be enhanced with loss of Pkd1−/−, was larger in male when compared to female Pkd1−/− cells. This was paralleled by higher basal intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in primary renal epithelial cells isolated from Pkd1−/− males. The results suggest enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels contributing to augmented cell proliferation and cyst development in male kidneys. Enhanced resting Ca2+ also caused larger basal chloride currents in male primary cells, as detected in patch clamp recordings. Incubation of mouse primary cells, mCCDcl1 collecting duct cells or M1 collecting duct cells with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enhanced basal Ca2+ levels and increased basal and ATP-stimulated TMEM16A chloride currents. Taken together, the more severe cystic phenotype in males is likely to be caused by enhanced cell proliferation, possibly due to enhanced basal and ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ levels, leading to enhanced TMEM16A currents. Augmented Ca2+ signaling is possibly due to enhanced expression of Ca2+ transporting/regulating proteins.
(2S*,4S*)-4-[(E)-(2,2-Dimethylhydrazono)methyl]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[(E)-styryl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
Authors: Clerigué José , Ramos M. Teresa , Menéndez J. Carlos
Published: June 2021

The Povarov reaction of p-anisidine, cinnamaldehyde and methacrolein dimethylhydrazone afforded a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivative bearing 2-styryl, 4-methyl and 4-dimethylhydrazono substituents in a fully diastereoselective fashion. This is the first example of the combination of a type I aza-vinylogous Povarov reaction and a type II vinylogous Povarov reaction in the same process.
Multiblock Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: In Situ Studies of Structural and Morphological Evolution under Strain
Authors: Anokhin Denis V. , Gorbunova Marina A. , Abukaev Ainur F. , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: June 2021

The structural evolution of multiblock thermoplastic polyurethane ureas based on two polydiols, poly(1,4-butylene adipate (PBA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), as soft blocks and two diisocyanites, 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), as hard blocks is monitored during in situ deformation by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. It was shown that the urethane environment determines the crystal structure of the soft block. Consequently, two populations of crystalline domains of polydiols are formed. Aromatic TDI forms rigid domains and imposes constrains on the crystallization of bounded polydiol. During stretching, the TDI–polydiol domains reveal limited elastic deformation without reorganization of the crystalline phase. The constrained lamellae of polydiol form an additional physical network that contributes to the elastic modulus and strength of the material. In contrast, polydiols connected to the linear semi-flexible HMDI have a higher crystallization rate and exhibit a more regular lamellar morphology. During deformation, the HMDI-PBA domains show a typical thermoplastic behavior with plastic flow and necking because of the high degree of crystallinity of PBA at room temperature. Materials with HMDI-PCL bonding exhibit elastic deformation due to the low degree of crystallinity of the PCL block in the isotropic state. At higher strain, hardening of the material is observed due to the stress-induced crystallization of PCL.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Calcium-Phosphate Coating on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants
Authors: López-Valverde Nansi , López-Valverde Antonio , Aragoneses Juan Manuel , Macedo de Sousa Bruno , Rodrigues María João , Ramírez Juan Manuel
Published: June 2021

Ca-P coatings on Ti implants have demonstrated good osseointegration capability due to their similarity to bone mineral matter. Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched electronically in February 2021 for preclinical studies in unmodified experimental animals, with at least four weeks of follow-up, measuring bone-to-implant contact (BIC). Although 107 studies were found in the initial search, only eight experimental preclinical studies were included. Adverse events were selected by two independent investigators. The risk of bias assessment of the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Finally, a meta-analysis of the results found no statistical significance between implants coated with Ca-P and implants with etched conventional surfaces (difference of means, random effects: 5.40; 99% CI: −5.85, 16.65). With the limitations of the present review, Ca-P-coated Ti surfaces have similar osseointegration performance to conventional etched surfaces. Future well-designed studies with large samples are required to confirm our findings.
Photoautotrophs–Bacteria Co-Cultures: Advances, Challenges and Applications
Authors: Scognamiglio Viviana , Giardi Maria Teresa , Zappi Daniele , Touloupakis Eleftherios , Antonacci Amina
Published: June 2021

Photosynthetic microorganisms are among the fundamental living organisms exploited for millennia in many industrial applications, including the food chain, thanks to their adaptable behavior and intrinsic proprieties. The great multipotency of these photoautotroph microorganisms has been described through their attitude to become biofarm for the production of value-added compounds to develop functional foods and personalized drugs. Furthermore, such biological systems demonstrated their potential for green energy production (e.g., biofuel and green nanomaterials). In particular, the exploitation of photoautotrophs represents a concrete biorefinery system toward sustainability, currently a highly sought-after concept at the industrial level and for the environmental protection. However, technical and economic issues have been highlighted in the literature, and in particular, challenges and limitations have been identified. In this context, a new perspective has been recently considered to offer solutions and advances for the biomanufacturing of photosynthetic materials: the co-culture of photoautotrophs and bacteria. The rational of this review is to describe the recently released information regarding this microbial consortium, analyzing the critical issues, the strengths and the next challenges to be faced for the intentions attainment.
Self-Sustained Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network with Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System for Internet of Smart Home-Building (IoSHB) Applications
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Md. , Mishu Mahmuda Khatun , Amin Nowshad , Nadarajah Mithulananthan , Roy Rajib Baran , Rahman Kazi Sajedur , Buhari Adamu Muhammad , Binzaid Shuza , Shakeri Mohammad , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh
Published: June 2021

Conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in smart home-building (SHB) are typically driven by batteries, limiting their lifespan and the maximum number of deployable units. To satisfy the energy demand for the next generation of SHB which can interconnect WSNs to make the internet of smart home-building (IoSHB), this study introduces the design and implementation of a 250 mW to 2.3 W energy harvesting device. The proposed device is dynamically autonomous owing to the integration of embedded solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and power storage through a supercapacitor (SC; 5 V, 0.47 F) capable of powering WSNs for 95 s (up to 4.11 V). The deployed device can harvest indoor and outdoor ambient light at a minimum illumination of 50 lux and a maximum illumination of 200 lux. Moreover, the proposed system supports wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to do data transfer to a webserver as a complete internet of things (IoT) device. A customized android dashboard is further developed for data monitoring on a smartphone. All in all, this self-powered WSN node can interface with the users of the SHBs for displaying ambient data, which demonstrates its promising applicability and stability.
Why Do Consumers Intend to Purchase Natural Food? Integrating Theory of Planned Behavior, Value-Belief-Norm Theory, and Trust
Authors: Carfora Valentina , Cavallo Carla , Catellani Patrizia , Del Giudice Teresa , Cicia Gianni
Published: June 2021

Natural labels are increasingly present in the market and appreciated by consumers, despite formal regulation still missing. Knowing the psychosocial factors that may predict natural food choice may be useful to understand what drives consumers to choose this category of food. We analyzed the antecedents of consumers’ intention to purchase natural food, testing a theoretical model that integrates the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, and consumers’ trust in natural food. A sample of Italian participants (N = 1018) filled an online questionnaire assessing intention to buy natural food, TPB and VBN variables, and trust in the natural food supply chain. The model applied yielded results which confirmed the predictiveness of the tested integrated model. Attitude and perceived behavioral control were the strongest antecedents of intention, followed by trust and personal norm. Consumers’ intention to buy natural food was also associated with their evaluation of the consequences and possibilities related to the purchase behavior, as well as with their moral evaluation attributable to pro-environmental determinants.
Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Burton-Pimentel Kathryn J. , Fleuti Charlotte , Blaser Carola , Scherz Valentin , Badertscher René , Marmonier Corinne , Lyon-Belgy Noëlle , Caille Aurélie , Pidou Véronique , Blot Adeline , Bertelli Claire , David Jérémie , Bütikofer Ueli , Greub Gilbert , Dardevet Dominique , Polakof Sergio , Vergères Guy
Published: June 2021

The gut microbiota adapts to age-related changes in host physiology but is also affected by environmental stimuli, like diet. As a source of both pre- and probiotics, dairy and fermented foods modulate the gut microbiota composition, which makes them interesting food groups to use for the investigation of interactions between diet and ageing. Here we present the effects of excluding dairy products and limiting fermented food consumption for 19 days on gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites of 28 healthy, young (YA) and older (OA) adult men. The intervention affected gut microbial composition in both groups, with significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in bacteria of the Clostridiales order. Lower fasting levels of glucose and insulin, as well as dairy-associated metabolites like lactose and pentadecanoic acid, were observed after the intervention, with no effect of age. The intervention also decreased HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Dairy fat intake was positively associated with the HDL cholesterol changes but not with the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, restricting the intake of dairy and fermented foods in men modified their gut microbiota and blood metabolites, while the impact of the dietary restrictions on these outcomes was more marked than the effect of age.