bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẬT ĐỘ TRỒNG RỪNG ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ NĂNG SUẤT RỪNG TRỒNG TRÀM LÁ DÀI (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) TẠI LONG AN VÀ CÀ MAU
Authors: Kiều Mạnh Hà , Vu Dinh Huong , Nguyễn Xuân Hải , Nguyễn Văn Lưu , Ninh Văn Tuấn , Nguyễn Văn Đăng , Lê Thanh Quang , Huỳnh Trọng Khiêm
Published: February 2025

Thí nghiệm mật độ trồng rừng Tràm lá dài được triển khai tại 2 địa điểm là huyện Thạnh Hóa, tỉnh Long An và huyện Trần Văn Thời, tỉnh Cà Mau với 4 công thức thí nghiệm khác nhau, bao gồm (i) M1 (Mật độ trồng 5.000 cây/ha); (ii) M2 (Mật độ trồng 10.000 cây/ha); (iii) M3 (Mật độ trồng 20.000 cây/ha); (iv) M4 (Mật độ trồng 40.000 cây/ha). Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định mật độ trồng rừng tối ưu với mục tiêu là nâng cao năng suất rừng trồng. Sau 24 tháng tuổi, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, tỷ lệ sống giảm dần theo thời gian từ giai đoạn 12 đến 24 tháng tuổi và không có sự khác biệt giữa các công thức thí nghiệm tại các mật độ trồng khác nhau ở cả 2 địa điểm. Tại Long An, tăng trưởng đường kính cao nhất là ở mật độ trồng M1, tăng trưởng chiều cao và năng suất rừng trồng cao nhất là mật độ trồng M3. Tại Cà Mau, tăng trưởng đường kính và chiều cao tốt nhất là ở mật độ trồng M1, năng suất rừng trồng cao nhất là ở mật độ trồng M4. Năng suất rừng trồng ở các mật độ trồng M1, M2, M3 và M4 tại Cà Mau cao vượt trội so với năng suất rừng trồng tại Long An lần lượt là 62,8%, 55,7%, 47,8% và 59,2%. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu chứng tỏ rằng, trồng rừng Tràm lá dài mật độ 20.000 cây/ha (M3) ở Long An và 40.000 cây/ha (M4) ở Cà Mau có năng suất rừng cao nhất.
ANALISIS WISATA PERAIRAN HUTAN MANGROVE SEBAGAI PENDORONG KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA KUALA LANGSA KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Putri Delvi Adelia , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat jumlah wisatawan, aktivitas pariwisata, partisipasi masyarakat, daya tarik objek wisata, pendapatan, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Kuala Langsa sebagai objek wisata air. Dimana terdapat peluang bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh pendapatan lebih dan mendukung program pemerintah untuk mempromosikan tempat wisata di Desa Kuala Langsa. Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa kelima variabel independen secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat (0,000 f Tabel 2.25). Uji t parsial juga menunjukkan bahwa kelima variabel independen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R-squared) sebesar 82,3% menunjukkan bahwa model regresi mampu menjelaskan hampir seluruh variasi dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat
Kata kunci : Jumlah wisatawan, aktivitas pariwisata, partisipasi
Translations
Authors: Morris Karen M.
Published: February 2025

Instructions to prepare Homberg's pyrophorus.
Exploring the Novel Potential of Newly Discovered Thermophile Metallosphaera Sedula: Insights into DNA Polymerase IV and Adenylyl Cyclase; Breakthroughs in Biotechnology and Industrial Innovation
Authors:   School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala, Pakistan, Ilyas Ambreen , Javed Hina , Batool Khadija ,   Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,   Department of Zoology, University of the Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
Published: February 2025

Background: In this study, we conducted comprehensive genomic and proteomic analyses to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological responses, employing advanced sequencing and bioinformatics tools. Thermophilic archaea are a rich source of stable enzymes (extremozymes) that can function at extreme temperatures and pH levels. Metallosphaera sedula is a recently discovered thermophilic archaeon with significant potential in biotechnology and industrial applications due to its unique metabolic pathways and enzymatic machinery.

Objective: To explore the biotechnological and industrial applications of Metallosphaera sedula, focusing on its enzymes, DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, and their roles in biomining, carbon fixation, and bioleaching.

Methods:

Genomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to characterize the enzymes of M. sedula.
Structural predictions were made using tools like AlphaFold and Sable.
Physiochemical properties were assessed using Expasy ProtParam.
Sequence alignments were performed using BLASTp against patented, metagenomic, and Protein Data Bank (PDB) sequences.

Results: M. sedula stabilizes at severe temperatures (75 °C) and acidic conditions (pH 2.0–4.5) using a unique carbon fixation process. Key enzymes, DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, were featured by their unique structures and functions, with molecular weights of 39,194.59 Da and 20,993.03 Da, respectively. Their sequence similarities put forward the potential for industrial uses.

Conclusion: Metallosphaera sedula presents an optimistic course of action for biotechnological revolutions, specifically in biomining and carbon fixation. Its enzymes, such as DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, offer powerful activity under severe environments, making them appropriate for industrial processes like biofuel synthesis and metal extraction.
Le mépris de la cour : la littérature anti-aulique en Europe (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)
Authors: Peyrebonne Nathalie , Tarrête Alexandre , Thomine Marie-Claire
Published: February 2025

Confrontés à l’émergence de la société de cour, telle que Norbert Élias l’a analysée, les auteurs hésitent entre fascination et dénonciation. Avec ironie et parfois cynisme, la poésie, les narrations, le théâtre dépeignent à la fois les attraits et les dangers de la vie curiale. À côté des traités qui enseignent comment réussir dans le monde, de Castiglione à Gracián, fleurit aussi une littérature du refus ou de la satire, qui vilipende les valeurs de la cour, fait l’éloge de la retraite ou appelle à la révolte. Bien des œuvres sont traversées par ces postulations contradictoires, hésitant entre la recherche d’une morale adaptée aux contraintes sociales et la tentation de la fuite loin des cours corrompues et corruptrices. La publication en Espagne de l’ouvrage d’Antonio de Guevara, le Mespris de la cour et l’éloge de la vie rustique (1539), puis ses traductions à travers toute l’Europe, ont cristallisé un thème déjà très vivant dans la littérature antique puis médiévale : celui de la satire du milieu urbain, des sphères du pouvoir et de la cour, conjuguée à l’éloge d’une vie simple, « médiocre » et rustique. Cette topique morale et politique traverse ensuite toute la littérature et la philosophie politique, de la Renaissance à l’Âge classique.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in computer vision
Authors: Núñez Javier González
Published: February 2025

Generative AI has revolutionized computer vision by enabling machines to synthesize and enhance visual data. Advances in deep learning, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and diffusion models, have led to high-quality image generation with applications in medical imaging, data augmentation, and autonomous systems. Despite its potential, challenges like ethical concerns, dataset biases, and computational costs remain critical for future research and implementation. This paper explores the evolution of generative AI, its methodologies, applications, and the ethical and computational challenges it presents.
Reporting guidelines
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Adhering to reporting guidelines is essential for ensuring that research is transparent, reproducible, and meets international standards. These guidelines provide a framework for presenting data, methodologies, and outcomes clearly and comprehensively, making it easier for readers and reviewers to evaluate your work.
Steps to writing a research paper
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Writing a research paper is a systematic and methodical process that takes an idea from conception to publication. This section outlines the essential steps to create a well-structured and impactful research paper, providing practical guidance at every stage.
General writing rules and standards
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

IMRaD Structure: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The IMRaD structure is a widely adopted format for organising research papers, particularly in scientific and clinical research. It stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion—four core sections that provide a logical flow and organisation for presenting research findings. Understanding and following this structure is essential for clear, systematic, and effective communication of research.
Journal selection and submission
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Selecting Journals: Scope, Audience, and Impact Factor. Selecting the right journal for your research paper is a crucial step in publication. The journal you choose can affect your work's visibility, impact, and credibility. Understanding various factors will help you make an informed decision when submitting your research.
Classroom assessment and evaluation with artificial intelligence
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: February 2025

The learning process needs to be innovative and creative to meet the changing demands of education. Innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping the educational landscape by streamlining routine tasks like instruction and assessment. Examining the role of AI in the classroom, particularly as it relates to instruction and student performance, is central to this chapter. A number of educational technology platforms have made extensive use of AI. The term "artificial intelligence" (AI) refers to the practice of creating computer programs with cognitive abilities similar to those of humans. Teachers will soon be able to delegate tasks like taking attendance, correcting student work, administering quizzes and examinations, explaining material, and creating administrative reports to machines. In contrast to the human mind, particularly that of educators, technology is only able to function systematically and automatically in response to human orders. Hence, the instructor would possess unparalleled intelligence. Similar to how AI sprang out during the industrial revolution, it is a product of human creativity. This chapter provides a literature review on using AI in education, discusses applications of artificial intelligence in education, focuses on the role of AI in classroom education, and presents an overview on how the AI based techniques can enhance the assessment and evaluation in the educational process.
Background study of Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Authors: Eze Esther Chinwe
Published: February 2025

This chapter recounts an overview of the project, with the aim and objectives. It presents a summary of the project investigation report as well as an overall structure of the entire report. In today’s ever-evolving business environment, businesses have become global, highly interconnected, and completely dependent on the internet, and with this, the probability of organizations becoming victims of data breaches or various cyber-attacks and threats is increasingly high. As the use of the Internet increases, the number of users who use the Internet and access the information using the Internet within or outside the organization also increases, hence the implementation of Identity and Access Management (IAM). This has made IAM an important area of technology. The concept of IAM is simply the process of managing who has access to a piece of information and what information. The key activities involved in IAM include creating identities for users and systems. Identity and Access Management (IAM) holds a crucial foundation for business benefits in terms of saving cost, management control, productivity in the operation of a business, and most especially, improving business growth for e-commerce purposes (Mayuri & Sridevi, 2017).
Cloud security vulnerabilities: Analysing DDoS attack methods and mitigation strategies
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Cloud computing systems are intensely competitive compared with traditional computing. It is now a suitable internet method to access applications, services, and resources using various network access techniques. Cloud computing enables simple data access between cloud service providers and cloud computing clients from anywhere, any time. It can efficiently distribute and release resources, hence, it enables users to only pay for resources that are used. Although, governments, businesses, and organizations have moved all or most of their IT systems to the cloud (Kati et al. 2022); many security concerns with cloud computing prevent its adoption and use. This is because cloud computing enables access to the environment and services through the internet. Cloud Computing is more vulnerable to security problems that could result in unsatisfactory service (Bamasag et al. 2022). Figure 1 displays the benefits of cloud computing that make it more competitive compared to traditional computing. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a popular security concern, which is a cyberattack where several infected systems or compromised virtual machines attack a single target (the cloud), creating a denial of service to cloud users of the targeted system. A zombie or bot is a computer that is being controlled by an invader whereas, a botnet is referred to as a zombie army which is a collection of hijacked computers (Cheema et al. 2022).
Background study of DDoS attacks
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

The section primarily entails an understanding of the following factors: Overview of DDoS attacks, Classification of DDoS attacks, DDoS attacks operating techniques, Cloud computing system, DDoS threats on a cloud system, Owncloud platform, DDoS attack in cloud networks, method of DDoS attacks in the cloud environment DDoS attack tools used in the cloud system, owncloud platform, programing language and machine learning. This is because the project's goal is to develop DDoS detection systems for cloud environments aided by machine learning.
Strategic recommendations for enhancing DDoS defense mechanisms in cloud environments
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

As presented and motivated in the introduction of this project study, a DDoS detection system for a cloud environment aided by a machine learning modem technique was implemented and a comparative analysis modem was conducted. The CICFlowMeter was used to extract the new dataset to CSV format which includes obtaining the proper flow features for the model building. Furthermore, feature selection using person correlation coefficient improved the accuracy performance of the ML models training with Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbors achieving a rate of 100% accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score except for Naive Bayes with a 98% accuracy, 97% precision, 99% recall and 98% F1 score. Also, the open-source dataset performs very well with RF, DT and KNN achieving an accuracy of 100%, SVM 95% and NB 99%. Overall, the new dataset outperforms the open-source dataset with an accuracy score of 99.6% while the benchmark achieved 98.8%. Based on the results achieved, all the models selected, the new datasets and the open-source dataset used for this study are ideal models and datasets for intrusion detection.
A Descriptive Study of Vascular Access Devices Among Adult and Pediatric Home Infusion Patients
Authors:   Infusion Nursing Consultant, McElroy Barbara , Haines Danell ,   National Home Infusion Association, Charron Jennifer ,   National Home Infusion Association
Published: February 2025

Introduction
The Infusion Nurses Society recommends selecting the optimal vascular access device (VAD) for the therapy plan. These recommendations are primarily driven to identify peripheral vs. central vascular access based on infusate properties, the frequency and duration of infusions, unique patient features, and resources available. The objectives of this study are to describe the utilization of VADs in the home infusion setting and identify trends in specific medication treatments and patient populations.

Methods
This study is a descriptive, retrospective review of patient data collected by the National Home Infusion Foundation for its benchmarking program. Throughout 2021 and 2022, 12,968 patient cases were de-identified and submitted using a formatted Excel® file. The patient cases were to include status at discharge, age, type of VAD, and if applicable adverse drug reaction. For the patient case to be eligible for this study, VAD, patient age, and therapy type data had to be included. The data was analyzed using IBM Analytics Software, Statistical Product and Service Solutions. Frequency and percentages were determined for patient age group and therapy type while cross tabulation analysis was used to gain an in-depth understanding of the VAD usage for the different home infusion therapies.

Results
The final data set included 10,967 patient cases and was analyzed to determine the patient demographics, most common type of home infusion VAD, and the type of devices used with the different therapy types. In almost two-thirds (n=7,193) of the patient cases, a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was used as the therapy access device. A midline was used as the VAD in 13.12% of the cases, and a peripheral access device in 8.59% of the cases.

Conclusion
In this study of VAD utilization in the home infusion setting, PICC was reported in two-thirds of all patients included. When analyzed by therapy type, PICC was reported as the primary VAD for the administration of parenteral nutrition, antiinfectives, and inotrope therapies. The high utilization of PICCs in this study validates its selection for medication administration in the home site of care.
A Retrospective Descriptive Study of Remdesivir Treatment in the Home or Outpatient Setting Among Adult Patients Diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors:   Kaiser Permanente Southern California Home Infusion Pharmacy, Nguyen Julia , Hechter Rulin ,   Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Ling Grant Deborah ,   Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Shi Jiaxiao ,   Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Portugal Cecilia ,   Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Towner William ,   Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation
Published: February 2025

Background
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, early conflicting evidence complicated implementation of therapy. Despite this dilemma, comprehensive outpatient care including integration of remdesivir treatment was scaled up in a multi-center, integrated health care system. This retrospective descriptive report describes program characteristics and learnings from the frontline.

Methods
Treatment guidelines, medical center policies, implementation checklists, and workflow diagrams were evaluated for cohesion. From a pool of eligible patients with COVID-19 enrolled in remote patient monitoring (RPM), a sub-cohort of patients 18-75 years of age who had received remdesivir between December 15, 2020 and August 31, 2022, either in tents/infusion center staffed with nurses proximate to hospitals or via home infusion was identified via prescription dispensing database.

Results
Among 21,766 patients who enrolled in a COVID-19 pandemic RPM, >95% had positive COVID-19 evaluation and 80% entered the program from the emergency room or hospital. A subset of 1,776 patients was treated with remdesivir of which 1,427 (80%) received treatment before the FDA expanded indication. Highest outpatient remdesivir quantity dispensed occurred between July 2022 and December 2022 associated with prevalence of the highly transmissible Omicron and subvariants. Average outpatient remdesivir treatment duration was 2.59 days.

Conclusions
Rapid implementation of comprehensive outpatient care of COVID-19 was facilitated by multiple factors including expeditious adoption of RPM and telehealth to support traditional home health and advanced medical care at home. While patients treated with remdesivir comprised a small percentage of all RPM patients, this critically timed option during recurrent surges helped to relieve strained hospital resources.

Keywords: COVID-19, remdesivir, home infusion, outpatient, implementation
Participation of Women in Financial Inclusion -Performance of SHG (Self-Help Group)-Bank Credit Linkage Program
Authors: Nagouda Sakalesh ,   Research Scholar , XIME Research Centre, Affiliated to University of Mysore, & Assistant Professor, VTU Belagavi.School of Business & Management CHRIST [Deemed to be university] Bengaluru, shekharappa Veera ,   Prof.Dr Veerashekharappa Research Guide University of Mysuru Retired Associate Professor,SIT Tumkur-PGDMS&RC Tumkur.Karnatak, Malar Mercia Selva ,   Associate Professor, XIME, Electronic City Bengaluru-29
Published: February 2025

Financial inclusion and economic development go hand in hand. Financial inclusion ensures an
improved economic position for the poor. The initiatives taken for financial inclusion are mainly
in rural and semi-urban areas where poverty is rampant as there is a high concentration of poor
people. The financial intermediaries mainly commercial banks, engaged in the process of financial
inclusion witness growth in the activities. Everyone stands to win if women get access to financial
services. Boosting women’s financial inclusion and economic empowerment is an integral part
of overall economic development. Women’s participation in financial inclusion is on the rise,
be it credit (borrowings), savings, credit repayment and credit outstanding as parameters and
also, they form lion’s share compared to another gender when it comes to other parameters.
The participation in the process of financial inclusion led by women’s help groups, is tremendous
during the last decade, resulting in a reduction in poverty, unemployment and improvement,
particularly in family income. This indicates that women are becoming more enterprising, effective
and efficient in utilising the funds for their economic development.
ASSESS THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PUBLIC NURSING STUDENTS, PAKISTAN
Authors: Awan Abdul Sami , Brohi Farha , Buriro Hina , Soomro Maria , Sarki Bakhtawar
Published: February 2025

Background: Anxiety disorders are psychological conditions characterized by excessive worry, heightened arousal, and fear, while stress impairs cognitive functions such as focus, decision-making, and problem-solving. High levels of psychological distress can negatively affect students’ academic performance and overall well-being, leading to poor health outcomes, including an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Nursing students are particularly susceptible due to the dual demands of academic and clinical responsibilities.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate public nursing students in Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 25, 2025, to January 25, 2025, across three public nursing colleges: College of Nursing (CON) Female Shikarpur, CON Male Jacobabad, and CON Female Sukkur. A total of 170 students participated, with the sample size calculated using OpenEpi at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. A convenience sampling method was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on the DASS-21 scale, comprising demographic information and three subscales for depression, anxiety, and stress. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29, with descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages.
Results: Among the participants, 29.41% (n=50) were male, and 70.5% (n=120) were female. Age distribution revealed 17.64% (n=30) were under 20 years, 72.94% (n=124) were aged 20–25, and 9.41% (n=16) were above 25. Anxiety levels showed 55.28% (n=94) in the normal range, 12.94% (n=22) mild, 19.41% (n=33) moderate, and 12.35% (n=21) severe. In terms of stress, 90.58% (n=154) were classified as normal, 7.05% (n=12) mild, 2.35% (n=4) moderate, and 5.29% (n=9) severe. Depression levels were normal in 69.4% (n=118), mild in 17.05% (n=29), moderate in 13.52% (n=23), and no participants reported severe depression.
Conclusion: The study findings indicate a significant prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among nursing students, with female students appearing more susceptible to psychological distress. These results highlight the need for universities to strengthen mental health resources and implement targeted interventions, particularly for female students, to improve their psychological well-being and academic performance.
ORAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC KINDEY DISEASE: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Abbas Minahil , Younas Zulkaif , Bhatti Farwa Shabir , Attiq Malika , Babar Surat , Shakoor Asma , Butt Hira
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive systemic disorder characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. This decline often results in various complications, including significant oral health issues. These oral manifestations may arise directly from systemic effects of CKD or indirectly due to medications used for its treatment. Common oral complications include candidiasis, de-papillated tongue, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), each posing distinct diagnostic and management challenges.
Objective: To present and analyze three clinical cases of oral manifestations in patients with different stages of CKD, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to oral care in these individuals.
Methods: This case series evaluated three patients diagnosed with CKD who presented with distinct oral health issues. Comprehensive oral examinations were conducted using the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Clinical findings were confirmed with histopathological evaluations when necessary. Each case was managed using condition-specific treatments, including topical and systemic antifungals, oral hygiene therapy, and supportive care such as hydration and nutritional counseling.
Results:

Case 1: A 35-year-old male with end-stage renal disease (serum creatinine: 10 mg/dL) undergoing dialysis presented with candidiasis. Treatment resulted in complete resolution within two weeks.
Case 2: A 50-year-old female with stage 3 CKD (serum creatinine: 2 mg/dL) presented with a de-papillated tongue. Oral hygiene improvement and nutritional support addressed the issue effectively.
Case 3: A 24-year-old female with end-stage renal disease (serum creatinine: 6 mg/dL) developed ANUG. A combination of scaling, root planing, debridement, and antibiotic therapy successfully managed the condition.

Conclusion: CKD patients are susceptible to various oral complications due to systemic immunosuppression and treatment-related side effects. Timely dental evaluation and management are essential to prevent oral health deterioration in these individuals. A multidisciplinary approach, involving both nephrologists and dental professionals, is vital for improving overall patient outcomes.
Avian Immune System Unveiled: A Comprehensive Prospective
Authors: Jamil Aamina , Hameed Ibtisam , Rizwan Muhammad Usman , Fiaz Muhammad , Usmani Muhammad Tahir , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Aim of the Study: This study focuses on the immunological mechanisms of avian species specifically of poultry species, which are vital for global food security. Avian immune responses mechanism is like other animals’ immune response mechanism, but they have also developed distinct characteristics that are due to their unique physiology.
Methodology: As this is a review article, it focuses on comprehensive review of all available and possible literature regarding avian immune system including innate immunity, adaptive immunity and over all functioning of immune response.
Findings: The innate immune system serves as the primary defense mechanism, characterized by immediate reactions through physical barriers and cellular components such as macrophages. These innate defenses are promptly activated by pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. The bursa of Fabricius plays a pivotal role in humoral immunity by enabling the differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells responsible for antibody production. Conversely, T lymphocytes undergo maturation in the thymus and are vital for cell-mediated immunity. Helper T cells stimulate B cells, while cytotoxic T cells target and eliminate infected or cancerous cells. These processes result in efficient immune defenses, but with limitations on immune gene rearrangements distinct from those in mammals, resulting in variations in B-cell receptor diversity. This limitation may influence vaccine efficacy and increase susceptibility in case of stress or chronic infections.
Conclusion: Avian immunology plays a vital role in vaccination strategies that enhance health management practices in poultry production systems which results in enhanced global food security.
confluence of mystery and love in Hindi fiction : Analysis of thrillers, fiction and romantic novels
Authors:   सहायक आचार्य , राजकीय महाविद्यालय बीरमाना,  श्री गंगानगर., Shankar Gori
Published: February 2025

यह शोधपत्र हिंदी कथा साहित्य में थ्रिलर, फिक्शन और रोमांटिक उपन्यासों में प्रकट होने वाले रहस्य और प्रेम के संगम का विश्लेषण करता है। अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि कैसे इन उपन्यासों में कथानक की संरचना, प्रतीकात्मक भाषा एवं शैलीगत नवाचार के माध्यम से रहस्य और प्रेम के तत्व पाठकों पर भावनात्मक एवं बौद्धिक प्रभाव डालते हैं। साहित्य समीक्षा एवं सैद्धांतिक ढांचे के आधार पर, शोध में संरचनात्मकवाद, पाठकीय विमर्श और सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक सिद्धांतों का सहारा लिया गया है। गुणात्मक विश्लेषण एवं तुलनात्मक पद्धति का उपयोग करते हुए, चयनित उपन्यासों में इन दोनों मूल्यों की अभिव्यक्ति और उनके आपसी संबंधों का विस्तृत अध्ययन किया गया है। परिणामस्वरूप पाया गया कि रहस्य की गहराई और प्रेम की विविध अभिव्यक्ति न केवल कथा के रोमांच एवं आकर्षण को बढ़ाती है, बल्कि समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं पर भी प्रकाश डालती है। यह शोधपत्र उपन्यासों में प्रयुक्त आधुनिक कथा तकनीकों, उनके सामाजिक संदर्भ एवं पाठकीय सहभागिता की व्यापक विवेचना प्रस्तुत करता है, जिससे हिंदी कथा साहित्य के समकालीन विमर्श में एक नवीन दृष्टिकोण स्थापित होता है। अध्ययन की सीमाएँ एवं भविष्य के अनुसंधान के संभावित आयाम भी इस शोधपत्र में चर्चा के लिए प्रस्तुत किए गए हैं।
LasB activation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Quorum sensing-mediated release of an auto-activation inhibitor
Authors: Lee Cheol Seung , Li Xi-Hui , Jeon Chae-Ran , Lee Joon-Hee
Published: February 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes three major proteases: elastase B (LasB), protease IV (PIV), and elastase A (LasA), which play crucial roles in infection and pathogenesis. These proteases are activated sequentially from LasB in a proteolytic cascade, and LasB was previously thought to undergo auto-activation. However, our previous study suggested that LasB cannot auto-activate independently but requires additional quorum sensing (QS)-dependent factors for activation, as LasB remained inactive in QS-deficient P. aeruginosa (QS-) even under artificial overexpression. In this study, we provide evidence for the existence of a LasB inhibitor in QS- mutants: inactive LasB overexpressed in QS- strains was in its processed form and could be reactivated upon purification; when full-length LasB was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, a heterologous bacterium lacking both LasB activators and inhibitors, the protein underwent normal processing and activation; and purified active LasB was significantly inhibited by culture supernatant (CS) from QS- strains but not by CS from QS+ strains. These findings demonstrate that a LasB inhibitor exists in QS- strains, and in its absence, LasB can undergo auto-activation without requiring an activator. Based on these results, we propose an updated hypothesis: the QS-dependent LasB activator functions by removing the LasB inhibitor rather than acting directly on LasB itself, thus preventing premature LasB activation until QS response is initiated.
Wisdom "Nurturing" Childhood, Holding up the Future: Effectiveness and Experience of Intelligent Children Care Model Service in Hangzhou Based on Implicit Interaction Theory
Authors: Shen Kefan , Pan Yixuan , Huang Shaotong , Hong Chenmin , Wu Yinglin
Published: February 2025

How to accelerate the construction of a childcare service system for infants and toddlers aged 0-3 years old to meet the growing demand for diversified services is not only related to the implementation of the macro population policy, but also an important issue to make up for the short boards of people's livelihoods and alleviate the predicaments that infant and toddler childcare is currently facing. In the era of rapid development of information technology, the information technology-enabled childcare model brings new opportunities. Based on this, this study adopts a mixed research methodology to describe the current status of good services of the smart childcare model in Hangzhou from three perspectives: the degree of model development, service perception, and service content, and to apply this experience to assess its effectiveness. Finally, based on the theory of implicit interaction and the current situation, these experiences and insights are summarized and promoted, and can provide lessons for research in other regions.
A Study of Women's Image in Western Artworks from a Feminist Perspective
Authors: Zhao Yundi
Published: February 2025

A study of Western art works through the lens of feminism aims to unveil and dissect the status and portrayal of women in art, along with their profound socio-cultural implications. Spanning from the mythological goddesses of ancient Greece and Rome, through the humanistic women of the Renaissance, to the court beauties of the Baroque and Rococo eras, and finally to the realist and impressionist representations of women from the 19th to early 20th century, these transformations not only reflect societal reshaping of women's roles but also mirror the evolution of power dynamics and gender perceptions. The advancement of feminist theory and art criticism has enriched and deepened this field of study. By systematically analyzing the images of women across different historical periods, one can discern their marginalization, objectification in art, and how female artists challenge traditional perceptions through their own creations. Feminist art criticism not only scrutinizes the representation of women in artworks but also emphasizes the gender power relations and socio-cultural contexts underlying these images, offering fresh dimensions for understanding and appreciating Western art works. This ongoing research is not merely a reevaluation of women's status in art but also a continuous impetus towards societal gender equity.
Optimasi Pemilihan Cafe Terbaik Menggunakan Rank Order Centroid dan Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Yantika Mega Juni , Mardianto Mardianto , Ilcham Ilcham
Published: February 2025

Choosing the optimal café can be difficult due to the necessity of objectively evaluating several variables, including food quality, comfort, pricing, service, and supplementary amenities. This study seeks to enhance the selection process for the optimal cafe by employing the Rank Order Centroid (ROC) approach for criterion weighting and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method for ranking alternatives. Data were collected via questionnaires and firsthand observations of multiple cafés, with criteria assessed according to consumer preferences. ROC was employed to ascertain proportional criteria weights, whereas SAW aggregated normalized values and weights to generate alternative ranks. The findings indicated that Cafe 2 attained the maximum preference score of 0.70, establishing it as the premier recommendation. The integration of ROC and SAW demonstrated efficacy in producing objective, systematic, and transparent outcomes, rendering it suitable for decision support systems that aid consumers in selecting the optimal cafe
Pendekatan Konseling Afirmasi Positif untuk Peningkatan Prestasi dan Pengurangan Perilaku Negatif
Authors: Baeda Abd. Gani , Tukatman Tukatman , Siagian Heriviyatno Julika , Nasus Evodius , Syahruddin Muh.
Published: February 2025

Academic performance and personal conduct are two interrelated facets within the field of education. Nonetheless, numerous obstacles, including insufficient motivation, diminished self-confidence, and adverse conduct, can impede the achievement of optimal learning results. This initiative seeks to employ a positive affirmation counseling methodology to improve academic performance and mitigate adverse behaviors among participants. The applied strategy encompasses problem identification via focus group discussions, execution of individual and group-based positive affirmation counseling, and assessment of outcomes through questionnaires and observation. The results demonstrate that positive affirmation approaches significantly enhance learning motivation, transform participants' mindsets, and diminish negative behaviors that previously obstructed the learning process. Participants indicated enhanced self-confidence and improved stress management in academic settings. In conclusion, the positive affirmation method has demonstrated efficacy in cultivating healthy mindsets and enabling individuals to realize their academic and social potential.
Onko valvottu hampaiden harjaus tehokas keino ehkäistä kariesta lapsilla?
Authors: Twetman Svante , Gudrun Sveinsdóttir Eva , Julihn Annika , Laitala Marja-Liisa , Slåttelid Skeie Marit
Published: February 2025

Päivittäinen hampaiden harjaus fluorihammastahnalla on karieksen ehkäisyn kulmakivi kaikissa ikäryhmissä. Valvottua hampaiden harjausta kouluympäristössä on pidetty keinona ehkäistä lasten kariesta ja tasoittaa sosioekonomisia eroja hampaiden terveydessä, mutta sen vaikutukset ovat kyseenalaisia. Etsimme aiheeseen liittyviä systemaattisia katsauksia neljästä tietokannasta ja sisällytimme analyysiin neljä katsausta, joiden harhan riski oli matala tai kohtalainen. Katsaukset kattoivat 16 alkuperäistutkimusta, joista vain kolme oli Euroopasta. Tutkimusten tulokset olivat ristiriitaisia, ja siten tieteellistä näyttöä valvotun hampaiden harjauksen maitohammaskariesta ehkäisevästä vaikutuksesta on vähän. Kouluikäisiä lapsia koskevissa tutkimuksissa ei ollut positiivista vaikutusta puoltavia tuloksia. Heikko tieteellinen näyttö selittyy osittain alkuperäistutkimusten metodologisilla heikkouksilla. Esimerkkejä kustannustehokkaista, valvotuista hampaiden harjausohjelmista sekä eurooppalaisissa että kehittyvien maiden esikouluissa on kuitenkin olemassa. Ohjelmista ei ole raportoitu haitallisia vaikutuksia.
RELACIJE OSOBINA LIČNOSTI PETOFAKTORSKOG MODELA I MOTIVACJE KOD ODBOJKAŠA JUNIORA
Authors: Ivanović Miroljub
Published: February 2025

Cilj ovog transverzalnog istraživanja bio je dvostruk: provera metrijske karakteristike mernih instrumenata upitnika i ispitivanje interakcije modela „Velikih pet“ faktora ličnosti – Big five (kao prediktora) i motivacionih dimenzija (kao kriterijuma) na uzorku odbojkaša juniora. Prigodni uzorak je obuhvatio (N = 218) srpskih odbojkaša juniora prosečne starosti (M uzrast = 18.05, SD = 1.52). Korišćeni su sledeći merni instrumenti: Upitnik za merenje „Velikih pet“ faktora ličnosti (BFI), Upitnik sportske motivacije (SAI) i Upitnik task i ego orijentacije u sportu (TEOSQ). Kronbah alfa koeficijentom pouzdanosti utvrđeno je da su vrednosti interne konzistencije instrumenata zadovoljavajuće, što pokazuje da su pogodni za korišćenje u srpskom sportskom kontekstu. Primenjenom kanoničkom korelacionom analizom ekstrahovane su dve kanoničke funkcije statistički značajne na nivou (p ≤ 0.03). Prvi par izolovanih kanoničkih faktora, uz 37% objašnjene ukupne varijanse determinišu varijable crte ličnosti: savesnost, ekstraverzija i otvorenost, kao i motivacione dimenzije: motiv za postizanje dominacije, motiv za postizanje uspeha i ciljna usmerenost na zadatak. Drugi par izdvojenih kanoničkih faktora u skupu osobina ličnosti definišu varijable: neuroticizam, ugodnost i savesnost (na negativnom polu), te motiv za izbegavanje neuspeha i ciljna usmerenost na ishod (na pozitivnom polu). Ta izolovana kanonička latentna varijabla upućuje na sklonost mladih sportista ka izbegavajućem obrascu ponašanja. Empirijski nalazi sprovedenog istraživanja mogu da se koriste u selekciji igrača i upravljanju procesom sportske pripreme i takmičenja odbojkaša u juniorskom uzrastu. Dobijene kanoničke strukture mogu da doprinesu boljem razumevanju uzajamne zavisnosti latentnih varijabli u adolescentskoj odbojkašoj populaciji, koje na srpskom govornom području još uvek nisu dovoljno istražene niti naučno objašnjene.
UTICAJ PROGRAMIRANOG FITNES VEŽBANJA NA SKOLIOTIČNO LOŠE DRŽANJE
Authors: Bićanin Predrag , Gajević Aco , Radovanović Dragan , Stojiljković Stanimir , Ivanović Jelena
Published: February 2025

Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 79 dečaka predškolskog uzrasta od 6 i 7 godina, od kojih 40 u eksperimentalnoj i 39 u kontrolnoj grupi. Svi ispitanici su bili uključeni u dečiju školu sporta. Eksperimentalna grupa je, pored redovnih programskih aktivnosti u okviru dečije škole sporta (3 puta nedeljno, u trajanju od 6 meseci), bila uključena u 48 dodatnih (2 puta nedeljno) trenažnih časova vežbanja u sportskim (fitnes) klubovima. U cilju utvrđivanja efekata šestomesečnog fitnes vežbanja na skoliotično loše držanje dece predškolskog uzrasta korišćene su sledeće varijable dobijene primenom „Spinal Mouse“ uređaja: stepen zakrivljenosti u torakalnom delu, stepen zakrivljenosti u lumbalnom delu i nagib kičmenog stuba. Iako su ispitivanjem utvrđeni mali do umereni efekti, rezultati dvofaktorske analize varijanse (od pη2= .009 do pη2= .076) pokazuju da je napredak eksperimentalne grupe značajno veći u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Za razliku od kontrolne grupe, razlike između inicijalnog i finalnog merenja u eksperimentalnoj grupi bile su statistički značajne na generalnom (Wilks` Lambda .724, F= 9.663, p= .000) i parcijalnom nivou (F= 13.891, p= .000 za stepen zakrivljenosti u torakalnom delu, F= 6.181, p= .015 u lumbalnom delu i F= 13.551, p= .000 za inklinaciju kičmenog stuba). Takođe, sa aspekta pojedinačnih nalaza koeficijenta eta vidljivo je da je vrednost dobijenih efekata različita između grupa u korist eksperimentalne grupe (eksperimentalna od pη2= .073 do pη2= .151, kontrolna od pη2= .006 do pη2= .018). Na osnovu analiziranih parametara, može se zaključiti da stalna primena predloženog programa može značajno poboljšati posturalni status, kao i sprečiti loše držanje tela koje u budućnosti može rezultirati pojavom deformiteta.
SOCIOLOGICAL VIEWS ON SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION AND SPORTS HOOLIGANCY
Authors: Ćorluka Bojan
Published: February 2025

The paper will be based on a comparative explanation of social disorganization and sports hooliganism from the point of view of sociological science. The very problem of the work is directed to the explanation of sports hooliganism as aggressive behavior. In order to maintain a stable social order, a normative and value consensus is needed, as well as effective institutional mechanisms of social control. Each system has its own logic of development, it is based on a certain method of production that reproduces all other types of activities such as: ideology, politics, culture, lifestyle and sport. Every sports hazard includes not only unexpectedness and surprise when it comes to the final result, but also a risk that satisfies the audience's need for strong excitement, in which the personality is emptied and freed from aggressiveness. This phenomenon can lead to violence, i.e. into a situation where the impossibility of achieving the rational is justified by the irrational. Social disorganization leads to a break in the balance, as well as a loss of social control, which is accompanied by the breakdown of formal and informal patterns of social relations, which causes the inability to act effectively in accordance with the set goals. The paper advocates the view that in the spread of sports hooliganism, the primary social context is primary, and not biological and psychological dispositions.
DEVELOPMENT OF EXPLOSIVE POWER IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Cicović Borisav , Dragosavljević Slavko , Setiawan Edi
Published: February 2025

The goal. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the development of explosive strength in school-age children. Method. The literature search was performed using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results. Analysis of the studies showed significant and consistent improvements in key parameters of explosive power, including, but not limited to, increased jump height, decreased sprint time, improved agility, as well as greater speed and precision in the execution of specific sports skills, indicating the potential of training . to contribute to better athletic performance and physical fitness of children. Conclusion. Studies suggest that structured training can significantly improve explosive power.
INFLUENCE OF MOTOR SKILLS ON SPRINTER RUNNING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Murić Benin , Kahrović Izet , Mekić Raid , Špirtović Omer , Čaprić Ilma , Pajović Lazar , Radenković Oliver
Published: February 2025

Motor skills have a significant impact on success in sprint running, as they enable optimal development of movement speed and efficiency. Research shows that there is a positive correlation between developed motor skills and better results in sprinting disciplines. The aim of this research is to determine statistically significant relationships between motor skills and individual criterion variables of sprinting speed in high school students aged 68 high school students in Novi Pazar, ages 15 and 16. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the motor coordination tests with the stick (MKOR) and agility on the ground (MONT) have the highest correlation. These findings indicate that coordination and agility are interrelated components of motor skills, which together contribute significantly to the overall sports performance of high school students how specific training programs aimed at improving coordination and agility can affect sprint performance in high school students, considering that motor tests of coordination with the bat and agility on the ground showed the highest correlation with success in sprint running