bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QRT-PCR-based DNA Homologous Recombination Associated 4-Gene Score Predicts Pathologic Complete Response to Platinum-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zuo Ke , Yuan Xiaoying , Liang Xizi , Sun Xiangjie , Liu Shujin , Connell Philip P. , Li Xingmin , Yang Wentao
Published: March 2021

BackgroundCumulative evidences suggested the addition of platinum agents as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) could improve pathologic complete response (pCR) in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Previous studies showed DNA homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) was a potential biomarker predicting pCR in ER-negative breast cancer. It would be helpful to personalize the use of platinum agents if a predictive biomarker for platinum sensitivity could be developed. Therefore, we tried to develop a HRD gene expression score to predict tumor sensitivity to platinum-based NACT in TNBC.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 127 TNBC patients from 2012 to 2017 was included in this study. All of them were diagnosed and received platinum-based NACT in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Clinical data and pathological data of the patients were collected and reviewed. By using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression level of eight HRD associated genes was analyzed from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core needle biopsy samples which obtained before NACT. A random forest model was built to estimate the weight of each gene expression level and clinical-pathological factors. Samples were randomized into the training set and validation set with different splitting percentage from 50%:50% to 90%:10%. The training set was used to modulate parameters and select the best model using 5-fold cross validation. The performance of the final model was evaluated in the validation set. ResultsA 4-gene (BRCA1, XRCC5, PARP1, RAD51) expression signature scoring system was developed. TNBC with higher score had nearly quadruple likelihood to achieve pCR to platinum-based NACT compared with a lower score [odds ratio (OR)=3.878; P<0.001]. At the cut-off value of -2.644, the 4-gene score system showed high sensitivity in predicting pCR in breast (93.0%) and pCR in both breast/axilla (91.8%), while, at the cut-off value of -1.969, the 4-gene score showed high specificity for pCR in breast (85.7%) and pCR in both breast/axilla (80.8%). 4-gene score was positively correlated with Ki-67≥40% (P=0.002), but negatively correlated with positive lymph nodes counts (P=0.003). ConclusionThe qRT-PCR-based 4-gene score can be used as an effective predictor of pCR to platinum-based NACT in TNBC.
How Should a Global Carbon Budget be Estimated?
Authors: Clements Paul
Published: March 2021

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the authority for estimating a carbon budget for keeping to the Paris Agreement’s 1.5—2°C target for limiting global warming, has indicated a budget of 580—1170 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from 2018. This budget is based largely on Earth system models using data from the instrumental record over the industrial period. During the prior 800,000 years, however, a range of 120 parts per million (ppm) in atmospheric CO2 was associated with about a 6°C change in temperature, while temperature has only risen about 1°C with the 130 ppm increase in atmospheric CO2 in the industrial period. The paleoclimate record indicates that the anthropogenic increase in CO2 up to the present commits Earth to significant additional warming, such as from reduced albedo as Arctic sea ice melts and further CO2 release from vegetative stores. Instrumental data and model updates also indicate greater warming from these sources than IPCC models predict. Additionally, reductions in CO2 emissions to meet the Paris warming target will also reduce cooling from aerosols, which the IPCC may also have underestimated. Together, these factors indicate that CO2 emissions consistent with the IPCC’s carbon budget are likely to lead to at least 2—2.5°C global warming.

I draw on the sustained critique of IPCC findings by Hansen and his colleagues, who have argued that the paleoclimate should be considered on par with Earth system models in climate analysis, and for more ambitious targets for reducing CO2 emissions.
Solar energy and regional coordination as a feasible alternative to the 'Battery of Asia' plan
Authors: Siala Kais , Chowdhury A.F.M. Kamal , Dang Thanh , Galelli Stefano
Published: March 2021

Strategic dam planning and the deployment of decentralized renewable technologies are two elements of the same problem, yet they are normally addressed in isolation. Here, we show that an integrated view of the power system capacity expansion problem could have transformative effects for the 'Battery of Asia' plan. We demonstrate that Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia have tangible opportunities for meeting projected electricity demand and CO2 emission targets with less hydropower than currently planned--options range from halting the construction of all dams in the Lower Mekong to building 82% of the planned ones. The key enabling strategies for these options to succeed are solar PV and regional coordination, expressed in the form of centralized planning and cross-border power trading. The alternative expansion plans would slightly increase the cumulative costs, but limit the fragmentation of additional river reaches, thereby offering more sustainable pathways for the Mekong’s ecosystems and riparian people.
Food-grade γ-aminobutyric acid production by immobilized glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus plantarum in rice vinegar and monosodium glutamate system
Authors: Yao Li-Li , Cao Jia-Ren , Lyu Chang-Jiang , Fan Fang-Fang , Wang Hong-Peng , Cao Hong-Wei , Huang Jun , Mei Le-He
Published: March 2021

Objectives γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid, considered a potent bioactive compound. This study focused on biosynthesis of food-grade GABA by immobilized glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from Lactobacillus plantarum in the rice vinegar and monosodium glutamate (MSG) reaction system.Results The gene encoding GadB from L. plantarum has been heterologously expressed in Lactococcus lactis and biochemically characterized. Recombinant GadB existed as a homodimer, and displayed maximal activity at 40℃ and pH 5.0. The Km value and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of GadB for L-Glu was 22.33 mM and 1.04 L/(mmol·s), respectively, with a specific activity of 24.97 U/mg protein. Then, purified GadB was encapsulated in gellan gum beads. Compared to the free enzyme, immobilized GadB showed higher operational and storage stability. Finally, 9.82 to 21.48 g/L of GABA have been acquired by regulating the amounts of catalyst microspheres ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 g (wet weight) in 0.8 mL of the designed rice vinegar and MSG reaction system. Conclusions The method of production GABA by immobilized GadB microspheres mixed in the rice vinegar and MSG reaction system is introduced herein for the first time. Especially, the results obtained here meet the increased interest in the harnessing of biocatalyst to synthesize food-grade GABA.
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using Chrysopogonzizanioidesgrass extract, its applications in Photodegradation and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: More Paresh , Inamdar Vrushali , Suresh Shraddha , Dindorkar Shreyas , Peddakolmi Shreya , Jain Khushi , Khona Nandini , Khatoon Summaiya , Patange Sunil
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using Zinc nitrate hexahydrate as an oxidizer and Chrysopogonzizanioides (Vetiver) grass as a novel fuel. The X Ray Diffraction pattern as well as the Rietveld refinement showed a single-phase wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size and the lattice strain were estimated using Williamson-Hall plot. A very small value of lattice strain indicates that there is no strain and the crystal lattice is very stable. Thepresence of various functional groups in the plant extract and the Zinc –Oxygen bonding in the ZnONPs were confirmed by FTIR. The surface morphology was investigated using SEM and it showed nanorod like structure. The elemental mapping was carried out using EDAX. The EDAX spectrum suggests formation of ZnO nanorods along with high proportion of carbon and low proportion of Si as well as K might have resulted from the rich organic profile of Chrysopogon zizanioidesgrass extract. Within the UV- Visible Spectrum at 300 nm, the highly blue shifted strong absorption band was observed due to the strong quantum confinement effect. The band gap was observed to be 3.628 eV. The photodegradation of RB2 dye was studied over ZnONPs catalyst and it showed excellent photocatalytic activity. The catalyst was active up to five cycles without losing much of its efficiency. Further antimicrobial activity was tested against broad range of micro-organisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and much prevalent human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each micro-organism was determined using broth micro dilution assay.
A Comprehensive Survey on the Impact of Renewable Energy Sources in Power System Operation and Control
Authors: Tatikayala Vinay Kumar , Dixit Shishir
Published: March 2021

The concern for huge increasing electricity demand, fossil fuel depletion, developed infrastructure reliability, carbon footprint reduction insisted the power utility companies to uptake RES (Renewable Energy Sources). The improved adoption of RES like wind energy and solar energy into the prevailing transmission and distribution networks led to several problems. These problems could be rectified by optimizing the power system parameters like frequency response, inertia, stability, battery usage, efficiency and power loss. This review hence provide a comprehensive analysis on the impact of renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy on power system operation and control in accordance with the major findings of the existing works. This review highlights the difficulties in the installation of solar and wind power with adoptable solutions. The challenges of power systems regarding the encoding of non-linearized function could be rectified by AI (Artificial Intelligence). The paper also insists the importance of artificial intelligence algorithm in the optimization of power system parameters. Artificial intelligence methods is useful for resolving various issues in power systems such as control, scheduling, forecasting etc. Few artificial algorithms such as Atom search optimization, Particle swarm optimization, Salp swarm optimization were investigated in this review for improving the performance of the power system. In spite of optimization analysis, the paper investigate various storage system types for improving the power system in accordance with cost, application and operation characteristics. Proper understanding of these systems is necessary for the future designing and hence through revision of state of art characteristics has been performed in this paper.
Comparing Insecticide-Treated Nets Access-Use Based On Universal Household and Population Indicators Vis-A-Vis Measures Adapted to Sleeping Spaces in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Yohannes , Sudhakar Morankar , Alemayehu Guda , Abebe Lakew , Birhanu Zewdie
Published: March 2021

Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) access-use has been pivotal monitoring indicator for malaria prevention and control, particularly in resource limited settings. Objectives: To compare ITN access-use based on universal household and population indicators and measures adapted to sleeping spaces Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, March, 2019. 762 HHs were sampled for the survey. We used multi-stage followed by simple random sampling. Monitoring and evaluation reference group’s (MERG’s) indicators were used for measuring ITN access-use. MERG’s indicators are each adapted ITN access-use to sleeping spaces. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Differences of estimates of ITN access-use based on the two methods reported as magnitude of over/under estimations, at p-value <0.05. Results: Based on MERG’s approach, the study revealed household (HH) based indicators as such: HH ownership of at least 1 ITN (92.6%), sufficiency of ITN for every two people in HH (50.3%), and saturation of ITN for every 2 people in HHs with any ITN (54.6%). Moreover, population based indicators were: population with ITN access (P3=78.6%), people who slept under ITN previous night (63.0%), people who slept under ITN among who accessed it (73.1%), ITN use-gap (26.9%). Equivalent indicators of HH ownership, sufficiency, saturation, people accessed at where they actually slept, and people slept under ITN among those who accessed where they slept estimated at 71.3%, 49.4%, 69.3%, 66.3%, and 92.1%, respectively. MERG’s approach over-estimated ownership, people’s access, and behavior-failures by 21.3%, 12.3%, 19.0%, respectively. Over-estimation occurred for reasons such as many sleeping spaces lack ITN and > 2 people actually sleep in one space. Conclusions: MERG’s universal indicators over estimated households and populations ITN access-use as a result of absence of measures capturing access-use values at spaces where people actually slept. Consequently, measures adapted to sleeping contexts revealed potential misdistributions practiced when the existing indicators are in use. Insertion of sleeping spaces into existing approach will be worthwhile and needs to be promoted as it improves curiosity in ITN distribution, produces closer estimates and prevents malaria prevention and control programs from overlooking access-use challenges.
Novel risk assessment of Cd in earthworms and leeches based on bioavailability through in vitro digestion/Caco-2 and MDCK cells
Authors: Zuo Tiantian , Luo Fei-ya , He Huai-zhen , Jin Hong-yu , Sun Lei , Xing Shu-xia , Li Bo , Gao Fei , Ma Shuangcheng , He Lang-chong
Published: March 2021

Little data are available about the extent of bio-accumulation of heavy metals in traditional animal medicines (TAMs). In the present study, the oral bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in earthworms and leeches was investigated through in vitro PBET digestion/Caco2 and MDKC cell models. We are the first to create an innovative assessment strategy which has capacity to offer a more precise evaluation of Cd-associated health risks in TAMs, by combinational usage of bioavailable Cd levels, the duration and frequency of the exposure to TAMs obtained by questionnaire data, as well as safety factor of TAMs. Our data showed that the percentage of bioavailability for Caco-2 cells in earthworms and leeches ranged from 3.29–14.17% and 4.32–12.61%, respectively. The percentage of bioavailability of MDCK cells in earthworms and leeches ranged from 4.83–15.74% and 6.53–15.04%, respectively. After adjusting by the bioavailability of Cd to target hazard quotient (THQ), excitingly, our findings manifested that the health risks induced by the ingestion of earthworms and leeches were acceptable in the clinic. Our novel strategy has capacity to offer a more realistic and accurate assessment of Cd-associated health risks in TAMs. Besides, our key findings suggest that bioavailability characterization cannot be ruled out and health risks should be assessed on the basis of the bioavailable Cd levels rather than total levels.
Anti-human Glioma Cancer Potentials of Neobavaisoflavone as Natural Antioxidant Compound and Its Inhibition Profiles for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes with Molecular Modeling and Spin Density Distributions Studies
Authors: Chen Mingsheng , Zhao Haikang , Cheng Yingying , Wang Linlin , Zhang Yuelin
Published: March 2021

Introduction: In this study, the anti-human glioma cancer potentials of Neobavaisoflavone as natural antioxidant compound and its inhibition profiles for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with molecular modeling and spin density distributions studies were investigated. Material and Methods: To investigate the antioxidant properties of Neobavaisoflavone, the DPPH test was performed in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as control. The cell viability of Neobavaisoflavone was low against common human glioma cancer cell lines, i.e. LN-229, U-87, and A-172 cell lines without any cytotoxicity effect on the normal cell line. Results: Neobavaisoflavone inhibited half of the DPPH in the concentration of 125 µg/mL. The best anti-human glioma cancer effects of Neobavaisoflavone against the above cell lines was in the case of LN-229 cell line. Also, important anti-human glioma cancer capacities of Neobavaisoflavone against popular human glioma cancer cell lines are linked in this study. IC50 values Neobavaisoflavone, 63.87 nM for AChE and 112.98 nM for BChE were calculated with % Activity-[Inhibitory] graphs. Values inhibitor dissociation constant of the enzyme, Ki, were found as 2.08±0.31 nM for AChE and 135.03±26.38 nM for BChE.Conclusion: According to the above results, Neobavaisoflavone may be administrated for the therapy of diverse kinds of human glioma cancers in humans. Also, molecular modeling calculations were made to compare the biochemical activities of the neobavaisoflavone molecule against enzymes. In these calculations, the enzymes used are acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. After molecular docking calculations, ADME/T analysis was performed to examine the properties of neobavaisoflavone molecule to be used as a drug in the future. Then, various parameters for the anti-oxidant activity of the neobavaisoflavone molecule were calculated.
Electronic structure and magnetization of Zn1-xCoxO ternary alloys with zinc-blende, rocksalt and wurtzite phases
Authors: Souleh K. , Smain T. , Lidjici H. , Lagoun B. , Boucenna M. , Bouarissa Nadir
Published: March 2021

First-principles all electrons density-functional calculations for the band structure and magnetization of Zn1 − xCoxO ternary magnetic alloys, in three phases namely zinc-blende, rocksalt and wurtzite have been reported. The computations are spin-polarized. An inspection of our electronic properties showed that the alloy system of interest exhibits a semiconducting character where the nature of the gap depends on the considered phase. An analysis of electronic charge density suggests that the bonding has a partially covalent character for ZnO which becomes weaker as far as the Co concentration increases. CoO is found to reach a total magnetization of 3 µB per cell for zinc-blende and rocksalt phases and 6 µB per cell for wurtzite phase.
Nomogram predicts the overall survival of patients with Glioma
Authors: Xu Junming , Li Honglin , Zou Yuanyuan , Yu Chunjiao
Published: March 2021

Aim Our study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the cancer-specific surviva (CSS) of patients with Glioma. Patients and methods Patients diagnosed with glioma between 2004 and 2016 were collected from the SEER database. On the basis of the logistic regression model, the nomogram was established, the C-index was used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomogram, and the Decision Curve Analysis was used to evaluate the clinical use of the nomogram. Results 2626 eligible patients were randomly divided into training group (n=1864) and verification group (n=762). Nomogram had better discrimination ability, the C index of the training cohort was 0.74, and the C index of the verification cohort was 0.736. This new predictive model has shown better discriminative ability and greater benefits in both training and validation cohorts to predict CSS in patients with Glioma.Conclusion A nomogram was constructed to predict the CSS of Glioma patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. The verification showed that the nomogram had better discrimination and calibration ability, indicating that the nomogram can be used to predict the CSS of Glioma patients and guide the treatment of Glioma patients.
MitoQ Inhibits Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated Mitophagy
Authors: Dou Shi-Ying , Zhang Jiu-Na , Xie Xiao-Li , Liu Ting , Hu Jun-Li , Jiang Xiao-Yu , Wang Miao-Miao , Jiang Hui-Qing
Published: March 2021

Mitophagy plays an important role in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its relationship with mitophagy remains unclear. This study evaluated mitophagy during HSC activation and the effects of MitoQ on mitophagy in cell culture and in an animal model of the activation of HSCs. We found that MitoQ reduced the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis. While activation of primary HSCs or LX-2 cells was associated with reduced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, MitoQ reduced intracellular ROS levels, enhanced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, and inhibited the activation of HSCs. After knocking down the key mitophagy-related protein, PINK1, in LX-2 cells to block mitophagy, MitoQ intervention failed to inhibit HSC activation. Our results showed that MitoQ inhibited the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Colony formation in three species of the family Scenedesmaceae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus acutus, Tetradesmus dimorphus) exposed to sodium dodecyl sulfate and its interference with grazing of Daphnia galeata
Authors: Oda Yusuke , Sakamoto Masaki , Miyabara Yuichi
Published: March 2021

By mimicking the info-chemicals emitted by grazers, the common anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can induce colony formation in the green algal genus Scenedesmus at environmentally relevant concentrations. The morphogenetic effects can hinder the feeding efficiency of grazers, reducing energy flow along the pelagic food chain from Scenedesmus to consumers. Despite this potential ecological risk, few studies exist on whether the SDS-triggered induction of colonies is common in other species of the family Scenedesmaceae. Here, we investigated the effects of SDS on the growth and morphology of three species of Scenedesmaceae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Scenedesmus acutus, and Tetradesmus dimorphus) and on the clearance rates of Daphnia galeata grazing on the SDS-induced colonies. SDS triggered colony formation in all algal species at concentrations nonlethal to them; however, the induction levels of colony formation were generally lower than for those in the Daphnia culture medium. We also found that the SDS-induced colonial algae reduced D. galeata clearance rates. Our results highlight the potential effect of SDS on the Daphnia–Scenedesmaceae system by evoking the morphological response of Scenedesmaceae at concentrations below those that exert toxicity. Such disruptive effects of pollutants on predator–prey interactions should be considered within the framework of ecological risk assessments.
Single-site Laparoscopic High Ligation of the Extraperitoneal Hernia Sac with an Epidural Needle for Incarcerated Ovarian Hernia in Infants
Authors: Wang Yunjin , Chen Liu , Zhang Qiliang , Zhang Jianqin , Cui Xu , Zhou Chaoming
Published: March 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-site laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation with an epidural needle for incarcerated ovarian hernia in infants and young children.Methods: The clinical data of 38 infants with incarcerated ovarian hernia who underwent single-site laparoscopic extradural needle extraperitoneal hernia sac ligation from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Results: All procedures were successfully performed in laparoscopy with no need for conversions to open surgery. All patients were discharged 1-2 days after the operation. During hospitalization and follow-up, there were no complications, such as intestinal or bladder injury, abdominal wall vascular injury, ovarian atrophy, hernia recurrence and contralateral indirect hernia. However, three patients had complications, including two cases of poor healing of the umbilical incision and one case of suture granuloma. Conclusions: Single-site laparoscopic high ligation of the extraperitoneal hernia sac with an epidural needle is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of incarcerated ovarian hernia in infants and young children. It has the advantages of minimal trauma, no scarring and good cosmetic effects.
Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Community in Two Citrus Cultivars With Different Resistance to Citrus Canker
Authors: Liu Bing , Lai Jiahao , Wu Simeng , Jiang Junxi , Kuang Weigang
Published: March 2021

The selective infection of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri to citrus cultivars is universally known, but it is not clarified whether there is a relationship between endophytic bacteria and the resistance of host variety to canker disease. In order to explore the relationship, Satsuma mandarin and Newhall navel orange were collected respectively as samples of resistant or susceptible cultivars to citrus canker disease, and endophytic bacterial community of two citrus cultivars were analyzed by using a next-generation, Illumina-based sequencing approach. Simultaneously, the seasonal dynamics of endophytic bacterial community and dominant genera were analyzed. The results showed that there were four dominant groups including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in all samples at phylum level. Endophytic bacteria were the most abundant in spring samples, then in summer and autumn samples. There were some differences between endophytic bacterial community of resistant citrus and that of susceptible citrus to canker disease, and the endophytic bacteria of Satsuma mandarin are more abundant than that of Newhall navel orange. According to the analysis of dominant bacteria in two citrus cultivars, it was found that some endophytic bacteria with antagonistic characteristics existed universally in all samples, although the dominant bacteria in different seasonal sample were different. However, in Newhall navel orange of susceptible citrus to canker disease, there were not only some bacteria against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, but also some cooperative bacteria of canker occurrence like Stenotrophomonas.
Predictive Value of Lymphocyte Percentage and CRP Level for Early Detection of Deep Surgical Site Infection Following Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Dang Shajie , Duan Dapeng , Gong Liqun , Wei Ling , Wang Jue
Published: March 2021

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of laboratory predictors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, and WBC differential count, for the early diagnosis of deep surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior lumbar spinal surgery. We also sought to determine the diagnostic thresholds for these markers.Methods: A total of 243 patients participated in the study: 11 patients who developed deep SSI after lumbar spinal surgery (SSI group) and 232 non-SSI patients as controls (non-SSI group). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC differential count, CRP level, and ESR were determined 1 day before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD3, and POD7. The diagnostic thresholds for these markers were determined with the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: CRP, ESR, and WBC were significantly higher in the SSI group than in the non-SSI group on POD3 and POD7 ( P < 0.05). The lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower in the SSI group, compared with the non-SSI group, on POD3 ( P < 0.05). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that lymphocyte percentage < 11.5% on POD3 (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 75.4%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.919), and C-reactive protein level > 26 mg/L on POD7 (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 87.7%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.954) were significant laboratory predictors for the early detection of SSI.Conclusion: Lymphocyte percentage < 11.5% on POD3 and CRP levels > 26.5 mg/L on POD7 are reliable predictors for SSI after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.
Epidemiology of Gout and Hyperuricemia in New Caledonia
Authors: Bardin Thomas , Magnat Elodie , Clerson Pierre , Richette Pascal , Rouchon Bernard
Published: March 2021

Objectives. New Caledonia is a Pacific island of 270,000 inhabitants with mixed ethnicities, including Melanesians (39.1%), Polynesians (10.2%) and people from European ancestry (27.2%). This study aimed at determining the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the general population and the various ethnicities of New Caledonia.Methods. A 3-degree random sample of the population aged 18 to 60 years was adjusted according to the 2014 New Caledonia census. Face-to-face planned interviews and physical measurements were performed by trained nurses. All consenting participants underwent capillary measurement of creatinine; all consenting men and only women older than 40 years underwent point-of-care uricemia testing . Gout was defined by a validated algorithm. Two definitions of hyperuricemia were used: capillary level equivalent to plasma uric acid level > 360 µmol/l (6 mg/dl) and > 420 µmol/l (7 mg/dl) and/or urate-lowering drug treatment for both thresholds.Results. We included 1.144 participants (adjusted mean age 37.7±12.0 years; adjusted sex ratio 50.4% men). The adjusted prevalence of gout was 3.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2–4.9). Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5–16.8), 4.1% (1.8–8.9), and 2.6% (1.4–4.7) for Polynesians, Europeans and Melanesians, respectively, and 1.9% (0.5–6.6) for other ethnicities. Prevalence of hyperuricemia, determined in 658 participants, was 67.0% (61.9–71.6) and 37.0% (32.3–42.0) for the 360- and 420-µmol/l thresholds, respectively, and was significantly greater for Polynesians and Melanesians than Europeans for both thresholds.Conclusions. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia was high, including in patients of European descent.
Integrated Navigation on Vehicle Based on Low Cost MEMS SINS/GNSS using LS-SVM
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhao Hui , Su Zhong , Qiao Likang , Dong Yiping
Published: March 2021

The high-precision initial alignment time for the MEMS SINS/GNSS combination system is too long, and it is difficult to ensure the flexible navigation of existing low-cost vehicles. A LS-SVM-assisted fast alignment method is proposed, which uses MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers and dual-antenna satellite receivers to achieve fast alignment under MEMS SINS/GNSS. Based on the analysis of traditional coordinates and strapdown inertial navigation, the dynamic error model is given. The self-aligned frame of LS-SVM is proposed. At the same time, the EKF filter for training is designed and the motion characteristics of the car body are selected. The state equations and observations, using the EKF to train the LS-SVM model, ultimately achieve fast alignment. Finally, the proposed method is simulated and tested. The final attitude alignment accuracy is better than 0.2° and the alignment time is 10s. Compared with the EKF alignment method under the traditional direct transfer alignment, the alignment accuracy and the alignment time are significantly improved, which can meet the requirements of low-cost vehicle flexibility.
SLCO and SLC22 Solute Carriers: Establishing Differential Expression Patterns in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tumour Samples
Authors: Sutherland Rachel , Meeson Annette , Lowes Simon
Published: March 2021

Background: The uptake of nutrients essential for cell growth and survival is facilitated by solute carrier (SLC) transporters. The SLCO and SLC22 subfamilies mediate the uptake of substrates relevant to breast cancer (BC), including steroid hormones and anticancer drugs, and accumulating evidence suggests that altered expression of these transporters may affect BC pathogenesis by influencing cell proliferation and anticancer drug resistance. Methods: The differential expression of 11 SLCO and 14 SLC22 transporters was investigated using semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines and in human BC tissue samples. Results: 8 SLCO and 10 SLC22 transporters were expressed in at least one cell line. Of these SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLCO3A1, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A4 and SLC22A16 showed higher expression in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells. Conversely, SLCO2A1, SLCO4A1, SLCO4C1, SLCO5A1, SLC22A5 showed higher expression in MCF-7 than MDA-MB-231 cells. In four human breast cancer samples, there was variable expression of the 25 SLC transporters, however, 11 SLCO and 9 SLC22 transporters were detected in at least one sample. Conclusion: BC cells express a variety of SLCs capable of transporting a range of steroid hormones and clinically relevant anticancer drugs, which could implicate them in BC pathogenesis and anti-cancer drug resistance.
In Situ Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene by a Melt Cobranching Reaction
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Le , Li Xiaolong , Luo Zhu , Li Jianjun , Xia Xiaosong , Linghu Changkai
Published: March 2021

Incompatible polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are difficult to separate in mixed recycling streams such as waste plastic packaging, which makes these polyolefin mixtures unsuitable for high-quality products. In this work, based on the free radical branching reaction, a co-branching reaction of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends was carried out in the presence of the peroxide, free radical regulator and multifunctional acrylate monomer, and a star-like long-chain branching (LCB) copolymer was acquired. The effect of in situ compatibilization on the structure and mechanical properties of iPP/HDPE was investigated, and the compatibilization mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the mechanical properties of the modified blends were largely improved, and efficient in-situ compatibilization of iPP and HDPE could be taken place in a wide process window. Moreover, the size of the dispersed phase in the modified blend was clearly decreased, and the interfacial thickness increased. Compared with the pure iPP/HDPE blend, the initial crystallization temperature of iPP in the modified iPP/HDPE blend was increased, and long branched chains of the LCB copolymer were physically entangled with the chemical identical homopolymers or even participate in the crystallization of iPP and HDPE. Thanks to the in situ compatibilization strategy, the compatibility of iPP/HDPE was significantly improved.
Comparison of Weight Per Volume and Protein Nitrogen Units in Non-standardized Allergen Extracts: Implications for Prescribing Subcutaneous Immunotherapy
Authors: Dua Benny , Park Jane , Kim Harold
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAllergen extracts used in subcutaneous immunotherapy are standardized or non-standardized. Standardized extracts are available in specific biological potencies, presumably making their biological activity more consistent. The majority of allergen extracts are non-standardized and may have less consistent potencies. Non-standardized extracts are labeled as weight per volume or protein nitrogen units (PNUs). Neither method allows for any direct information regarding the extract’s biologic potency. The purpose of this study was to compare weight per volume versus PNU concentrations for 4 non-standardized allergen extracts prepared by two allergen manufacturers. The potencies were compared in application in current North American practice recommendations.MethodsThe weight per volume and PNU values were provided for 4 non-standardized extracts – birch, short ragweed, dog hair and Alternaria – from HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. Weight per volume and PNU concentrations were compared for each of these extracts from both manufacturers. From the raw data, we calculated the corresponding PNU values for a weight per volume of 1:100 and 1:200 for each extract. Similarly, we calculated the corresponding weight per volume for a range of PNU values, for 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 PNU/ml.ResultsBirch extract has low PNU concentration, below 5000, for a weight per volume of 1:200 for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. In contrast, for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer ragweed extract, a weight per volume of 1:200 corresponds to a PNU concentration greater than 5000. Dog extract for a weight per volume of 1:200, and even for 1:100, corresponds to very low PNUs for both companies. For Alternaria, corresponding PNU concentrations for HollisterStier is low at only 500 while over 5000 for Stallergenes Greer. Corresponding weight per volumes for PNU values for these extracts can be found in the manuscript.Conclusions Our results show variability when comparing weight per volume and PNU concentrations for both Hollister-Stier and Stallergenes Greer products. We suggest selecting a PNU dose that corresponds to a weight per volume of 1:200 as this may improve patient safety. Our recommendations for starting PNU dose for the four non-standardized extracts are highlighted in the manuscript. If the starting PNU concentration is considerably below 5000 for a weight per volume of 1:200 slow up-titration is advised. Conversely, for PNU concentrations above 5000 for weight per volume of 1:200 we suggest a maintenance dose of 5000 PNU.
An Overwhelming Infection After Laparoscopic Transvaginal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Procedure for Right Hemi-colonic Radical Resection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shi Jian , Li Jian-Nan , Wang Min , Yu Ling-Yun , Han Xu , Zhao Ze-Yun , Yang Ting-Ting , Liu Tong-Jun , Yang Yong-Ping
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) procedure, as one of sub-surgical procedure selections of NOSE, has been well discussed recently. Although most studies argued receiving better post-surgical outcomes than laparoscopic right hemi-colonic radical resection, disadvantages of laparoscopic transvaginal NOSE have seldom been reported. Herein, we reported a case with an overwhelming infection after laparoscopic transvaginal NOSE, even leading a sudden cardiac arrest, and also performed a review of the literature of NOSE, in hopes of expending experience with NOSE for every general surgeon.CASE PRESENTATIONA 78-year-old female patient was diagnosis with ascending colon carcinoma (cT3N0M0). After pre-surgical preparation, a laparoscopic transvaginal NOSE was performed. At the 1st day post-surgery, a septic shock was manifested, with an acute cardiac failure. An intensive care unit therapy was given immediately, including anti-inflammatory therapy, anti-shock therapy, cardiac functional supporting therapy. At the 2nd day post-surgery, there was a sudden cardiac arrest. A cardiac emergency treatment was immediately given to her, following a comprehensive therapy. After a supporting treatment, this patient was discharged from our department at 12 days post-surgically, with a normal manifestation of blood pressure level, breath rate, heart rate, body temperature, white blood cell count, et al. However, a complaint of intermittent precordial pain still existed when discharging from our department. She was transferred to cardiovascular medicine department for a further treatment on cardiac function then. After another 18 days treatment, she left from hospital.CONCLUSIONSConsidering many clinical trials on NOSE with positive clinical outcomes, NOSE was recommended to an optional surgical treatment for gastrointestinal carcinoma. However, this case report reminders general surgeons that post-surgical complications to NOSE, some are even fatal, still has possibility to come out. A thorough evaluation pre-operationally and an appropriate therapy post-operationally are crucial and inevitable.
Investigation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons based Gas sensor: Far and Near field Analysis
Authors: Afsheen Sumera , Iqbal Tahir , Khalid Anum , Ijaz Mohsin , Bashir Almas , Abrar Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Tehseen Aqsa , Zafar Maria , Iqbal Khalid , Rafique Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This research work reports the plasmonic-based biosensing using attenuated total reflection (ATR). A photon beam falls on the metallic film through an angle higher than critical angle of glass. SPPs are produced along the metal/analyte interface. An optimum gold (Au) film has been used to sense the refractive index of analyte lying next to it while utilizing the sensitivity power of electric field of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Such Nanoplasmonic devices have been designed and optimized utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) in licensed version of COMSOL 5.4, RF module. Reflection spectra have been extracted for far-field analysis, whereas shift in the position of SPP dip has been exploited to compute sensitivity of the device. By controlling the film thickness and angle of light incidence, the sensitivity of the device is enhanced. It is worth mentioning that the spectral range was brought in visible region where most of the practical devices work very well. The sensitivity of 18200 nm/RIU has been achieved for optimum angle and gold film thickness. Hence such devices have various sensing applications in medical diagnostics.
Visualization and Validation of Twin Nucleation and Early-stage Growth in Magnesium
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Jian , Wang Jian , Pan Zhiliang , Wang Xin , Zhang Dalong , Wang Y , Ciston Jim , Minor Andrew , Xu Mingjie , Pan Xiaoqing , Rupert Timothy , Mahajan Subhash , Lavernia Enrique , Beyerlein Irene , Schoenung Julie
Published: March 2021

The abrupt occurrence of twinning when Mg is deformed leads to a highly anisotropic response, making it too unreliable for structural use and too unpredictable for observation. Here, we describe an in-situ transmission electron microscopy experiment on Mg crystals with strategically designed geometries for visualization of a long-proposed but unverified twinning mechanism. Combining with atomistic simulations and topological analysis, we conclude that twin nucleation occurs through a pure-shuffle mechanism that requires prismatic-basal transformations. Also, we verified a crystal geometry dependent twin growth mechanism, that is the early-stage growth associated with instability of plasticity flow, which can be dominated either by slower movement of prismatic-basal boundary steps, or by faster glide-shuffle along the twinning plane. The fundamental understanding of twinning provides a pathway to understand deformation from a scientific standpoint and the microstructure design principles to engineer metals with unprecedented combinations of properties from a technological standpoint.
Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Lc-ms/ms Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Giha Hayder Ahmed , Abdulwahab Rabab Asghar , Abbas Jaafar , Shinwari Zakia , Alaiya Ayodele
Published: March 2021

Sex and gender has large impact in human health and disease prediction. Men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome while their phenotypes differ markedly. In this study, serum samples from healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics databases were used for proteins/peptides (PPs) identification and their gene localization. Results revealed that, the PPs which differed significantly (p<0.05 ANOVA) in abundance with fold change (FC) of ³1.5, were twenty, 11 were up-regulated in women (up to 8-folds), and 9 were up-regulated in men but with much lower FC, however, all PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was up-regulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity (6), lipid metabolism (5), gene expression (3) connective tissue (3), and others. The identified PPs were discussed within their physiological and pathological context, in relation to sex e.g. Apo-B100 (pathological cholesterol) was unregulated in men while the inflammatory/immunity related PPs, including Alpha-1-acid glycoproteins, were up-regulated in women. Finally, we propose proteomic as an ideal complementary tool for study of the molecular basis of the sex-biased gene expression.
Does a “Cushion Effect” Really Exist? A Morphomic Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users with Serious Blunt Abdominal Injury
Authors: Tee Yu-San , Cheng Chi-Tung , Hsieh Chi-Hsun , Kang Shih-Ching , FU CHIH-YUAN , Derstine Brian A. , Su Grace L. , Wang Stewart C.
Published: March 2021

Background: The severity of injury from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) depends on complex biomechanical factors, and the body features of the injured person account for some of these factors. By assuming that vulnerable road users (VRU) have limited protection resulting from vehicle and safety equipment, the current study analyzed the characteristics of fat distribution measured by computed tomography (CT) imaging and investigated the existence of a “Cushion effect” in VRU.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 592 VRU involved in MVCs who underwent CT scans. Visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area were measured and adjusted according to total body area (TBA) and are presented as the visceral fat ratio and the subQ fat ratio (subcutaneous fat ratio). Risk factors for serious abdominal injury [maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAISabd ≥ 3)] resulting from MVCs were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: MAISabd ≥ 3 was observed in 104 (17.6%) of the patients. The SubQ fat ratio at the L4 vertebral level was significantly lower in the MAISabd ≥ 3 group than in the MAISabd < 3 group (24.9 ± 12.0 vs 28.1 ± 11.9%; p=0.015). A decreased L4 subQ fat ratio was associated with a higher risk for MAISabd ≥ 3 in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.063; 95% CI 0.008-0.509; p = 0.009).Conclusion: The current study supported the “Cushion effect” theory, and protection was apparently provided by subcutaneous fat tissue. This concept may further improve vehicle and safety designation in the future.
Electricity Demand Prediction of Smart Grid in Smart Cities Using K-means Algorithm
Authors: Wang Shurui , Song Aifeng , Qian Yufeng
Published: March 2021

The aims are to unify big data management among various departments in smart city construction, establish a centralized data collection and sharing system, and provide fast and convenient big data services for smart applications in various fields. The national grid industry is taken as the research object. A new electricity demand prediction model is proposed based on smart city big data’s characteristics. This model integrates meteorological, geographic, demographic, corporate, and economic information to form an intelligent big database. The K-mean algorithm mines and analyzes the data to optimize the electricity user information. The electricity prediction model is established using the Backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm. The electricity market is evaluated through an in-depth exploration of data relationships to verify the effectiveness of the model proposed. Results demonstrate that the K-mean algorithm can significantly improve electricity user segmentation accuracy, separate the different regional electricity consumption, and categorize different electricity users. The electricity demand network model constructed can significantly improve the prediction accuracy, and the mean error rate is 3.2671%. The model’s training time improved by the additional momentum factor is significantly reduced, and the mean error rate is 2.13%. The above results can provide a theoretical and practical basis for electricity demand prediction and personalized marketing, as well as development planning for the electricity sector.