bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motion Principle and Experimental Research on a Swing Joint Differential Driven by Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Tang Yuan Gui , Zhang Ai Qun
Published: September 2013

A kind of shape memory alloy (SMA) differential drive method and its experiment equipment can be used in swing joint of a micro amphibious robot is presented. According to its motion character, motion principle of the swing joint differential driven by SMA is analyzed. The basic thermodynamic performance of the SMA springs with different structural parameters is researched by experimentation. Aiming at the SMA differential actuator composed by SMA springs in different structural parameters, experimental research and analysis on the response ability of the SMA actuator is carried out in various driving condition and environment, which can be used to provide experimental base and data support for applying SMA drive technique in propulsive area of underwater vehicles.
Effects of Rare Earth Metal Ce Additions on the 1150°C Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Ni-20Cr Alloy
Authors: Nan Hong Qiang , Li Jin Shan , Hu Rui , Yuan Liang , Kou Hong Chao , Zhang Tie Bang
Published: September 2013

Isothermal oxidation behavior was investigated for Ni-20Cr alloy with addition of different Ce 0 (wt)%, 0.042(wt)% and 0.094(wt)% at 1150°C for 100h.The surface and cross-section microstructures of the oxide scales were analyzed by EPMA(Eelectron Probe Micro-Analysis). The addition of Ce in Ni-20Cr alloy may improved the cohesion between the matrix and the oxide scales significantly and increased the oxidation resistance of Ni-20Cr alloy. Compared with 0 (wt)%Ce and 0.042(wt)% Ce in Ni-20Cr alloys, the oxide scales on Ni-20Cr alloy with addition of 0.094(wt)% Ce showed compact, which limited the internal oxidation.The cross-section microstructure of oxide scales presented three complicated oxide layers, which were Cr2O3, SiO2and Al2O3from the oxide scales to the matrix.
The Preparation, Morphology and Electrical Properties of Polystyrene/Graphene Nanocomposite Foams Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Ying Hu , Zhou Li Kuo , Li Chao Qun
Published: September 2013

In this work, polystyrene/ graphene nanocomposite foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide. Chemically reduced graphene oxide were incorporated into PS using latex mixing. Subsequently, the nanocomposites were foamed with supercritical CO2, the foaming temperature is varied. The morphology and electrical properties of the foamed samples were discussed. It is suggested that foaming temperature has significant influence on the morphology of foams. For those samples foamed at higher temperature, foams have thin cell wall and low density even when the content of graphene is relatively high, while they possess good electrical conductivity, may be used as light weight functional materials.
Characterization of Cathode Materials Ln0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1Co0.7Fe0.3O2.85 (Ln=La, Pr and Nd) Synthesized by Microwave Sintering Techniques
Authors: Zhao Jie , Fu Jiang , Fu Yong , Zhao Yu Na , Ma Yong Chang
Published: September 2013

Sr, Ca and Fe doped cathode materials Ln0.7Sr0.2Ca0.1Co0.7Fe0.3O2.85(LnSCCF, Ln=La, Pr and Nd; abbreviated as L-72173, P-72173 and N-72173) were synthesized by microwave sintering (MWS) techniques. The formation process, phase structure and composition were characterized using TG/DTA, XRD and EDS. The thermal expansion behavior of the samples was analyzed in the range of 20-950 °C by thermal dilatometer. The electrical conductivity of the samples was measured with DC four-terminal method from 25 to 900 °C. The X-ray diffraction shows that the samples exhibit a single phase with rhombohedral or cubic perovskite structure after sintered at 1200 °C for 20 min. The electrical conductivity of the samples increases with temperature up to a maximum, and then decreases gradually at higher temperature owing to the creation of oxygen vacancies. The small polaron hopping is regarded as the conducting mechanism (T 550 °C). L-72173 has higher mixed conductivity ( >300 S·cm-1) in 550-800 °C. The average TECs of L-72173, P-72173 and N-72173 are 1.389× 10-5K-1, 1.417 × 10-5K-1and 1.416 × 10-5K-1in the range of 25-800 °C, respectively. They are thermally matched to the GDC better than the YSZ and SDC.
Electronic Structures in LaTiO3/LaAlO3 Multilayers
Authors: Kan Er Jun
Published: September 2013

We demonstrate the existence of a hidden degree of freedom controlling the orbitalordering in [LaTiO1/[LaAlO5 multilayers with comprehensive density-functional theorycalculations. The orbitals of two-dimensional (2D) 3d1state of Ti atoms in the multilayers alwayscontain large dxy components, which is unexpected from crystal field theory (first Jahn-Tellerdistortion). The competition between first and second Jahn-Teller distortion induces variousmagnetic properties. Thus, transition-metal oxides/non-transition-metal oxides multilayers mayprovide an important direction to manipulate the spin and orbital ordering in magnetic materials.
Research on Particle Flow Erosion Precision Electroforming Technology
Authors: Dai Nai Chang , Yu Sheng Dong
Published: September 2013

t is possible to get electroforming deposit with numerous special functions by adoption of traditional electroforming technique, but in which there are defects such as uneven electroforming deposit and unstable performance, etc. In order to enhance the quality and speed of electroforming deposit, this article has proposed the particle flow erosion precision electroforming technology, particle flows such as huge amount of micro glass bead is used in the process of electro-deposit for erosion of electroforming deposit surface, so that micro glass beads continuously abrade and impact cathode surface. As indicated in electroforming test of metallic nickel, in comparison with traditional electroforming technology, particle flow erosion precision electroforming technology can effectively change the microscopic structure of electroforming deposit, refine grain and realize evener distribution of grains, so as to reduce the diffracted intensity of all crystal faces and enhance mechanical property of electroforming deposit.
Study on the Combustion Performance of the Building Insulation Materials
Authors: Chen Yan Fei , Zhuang Shuang , Yang Liang
Published: September 2013

The use of insulation materials in modern buildings has made a huge contribution to energy saving. However, due to the poor heat resistance of the insulation material, much heat and toxic fumes will release when burning, a serious threat to the safety of life and property, hence its shortcoming cant be ignored. The calorific value of building materials is the important parameters to characterize the potential fire hazard of building materials and its also the essential basic data to calculate its combustion releases heat and fire load; non-combustibility test can determine whether the material directly contributes to fire. The methods mentioned above were used in this paper to study the typical eight types building insulation materials in China, and further combustion performance analysis and proposal were made to give recommendations for improvement.
Investigation on Seismic Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Structures under Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Wang Chang Qing
Published: September 2013

Based on the ever finished investigations of physical and mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), and a series of experimental studies on the durability, the fatigue behavior, mechanical behavior and the seismic behavior of RAC components. A full scale model of a one-storey block masonry structure with tie column + ring beam + cast-in-place slab system and a one fourth scaled model of a 6-storey frame structure, which are made of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete, are tested on a shaking table by subjecting it to a series of simulated seismic ground motions, and the seismic behaviors of the RAC structures were experimentally investigated. The dynamic characteristics and the seismic response were analyzed and discussed. The overall seismic performance of RCA structures are evaluated, the analysis results show that the recycled aggregate concrete structures with proper design exhibits good seismic behavior and can resist the earthquake attacks under different earthquake levels in this study. It is feasible to apply and popularize the RAC block masonry buildings less than 2 stories and the RAC frame buildings less than 6 stories in the region where the seismic fortification intensity is 8.
Study on the Anti-Static Desulphurization Gypsum Fiberboard
Authors: Liu Yan Long , Tang Chao Fa , Shen Wen Hao , Han Ji Wen , Du Hong Shuang
Published: September 2013

The fiber of the agriculture and forestry biomass resources and the processing residues is main raw materials as a reinforcing material, the calcinated calcium sulfate hemihydrates by industrial flue gas desulfurization waste is a binder, adding efficient composite retarder to increase the initial setting time of gypsum and meet the production process requirements, adding conductive carbon black to reduce system resistance gypsum fiber to produce and meet the requirements of antistatic products. By semi-dry process, we produced the retardant, waterproof, environmental friendly and anti-static desulfurization gypsum fiberboard. Desulfurization gypsum antistatic fiberboard can meet the market demand for functional products used widely in antistatic floor, antistatic wall panel etc. The production of anti-static desulfhurization gypsum fiberboard expands the application range of desulfhurization gypsum, at the same time, which changes the structure of the forestry industry and has a positive effect on improving the forestry economic operation quality, efficiency and international competitiveness.
Special Nylon Fabric as a New Material for Reinforcing Cement Composite
Authors: Teymouri Parisa , Zargaran Mojdeh , Attari Nader K.A.
Published: September 2013

Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a new composite material in structural engineering, in which textile fabrics are used as reinforcement. In recent years, much research has been done to investigate the bending behavior of TRC samples. The focus of this research is on the use of low performance yarns as reinforcement and investigating the effect of finesse of yarns and reinforcement ratio on the bending behavior of TRC samples. The comparison of samples strengthened with same number of fabric layers but made up different finesses show that ultimate strength of samples increases in the yarns with lower finesse. Meanwhile the results show that reinforcement ratio is an important factor on bending behavior of TRC samples and strain hardening behavior can be obtained in 1/15% of reinforcement ratio in coarser yarns.
Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Marine Applications
Authors: Ertuğ Burcu
Published: September 2013

Most widely used material in ship hull construction is undoubtedly the steel. Composite materials have become suitable choice for marine construction in 1960s. The usage of the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) in marine applications offers ability to orient fiber strength, ability to mold complex shapes, low maintenance and flexibility. The most common reinforcement material in marine applications is E-glass fiber. Composite sandwich panels with FRP faces and low density foam cores have become the best choice for small craft applications. The U.S Navy is using honeycomb sandwich bulkheads to reduce the ship weight above the waterline. Composites will play their role in marine applications due to their lightness, strength, durability and ease of production. It is expected that especially FRP composites will endure their life for many years from now on in the construction of boat building.
A Study of Performance on Anti-Pollution Flashover Coating Based on Composite Room Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber
Authors: Guo Mei Xia , Xue Shou Hong , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Wang Zhi Ying , Zhang Wen Zhan
Published: September 2013

The article totally discusses the influence of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to the property of room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber (RTV) pollution flashover coating, inclduding hydrophobic, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. It is turned out that the PTFE can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the coating only if the contents of PTFE has no impact on the mechanical property, flame retaradant and heat resisting property of the coating and highly enhances the hydrophobicity property.
The Comparative Study of NOx Oxidation Using PMS Catalyzed by Co3O4/GO and Mn3O4/GO
Authors: Sun Xiu Zhi , Li Deng Xin
Published: September 2013

This paper compared two kinds of catalysts, Co3O4/GO and Mn3O4/GO, which were applied to catalyze PMS for NOx oxidation. The parameters of the pH, PMS concentration, catalyst concentration, reaction time and the temperature were investigated. Under the same parameters, the results showed that the oxidation efficiency were 70% and 50%, respectively.
Study on Synthesis and Performance of Collagen-Modified Polylactide
Authors: Liu Lei Li , Su Rui Xia , Li Xiao
Published: September 2013

In this paper, collagen modified polylactide (CPLA) was synthesized by means of graft modification, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and FITC-labeled fluorescence spectra. The performance of CPLA was characterized with hydrophilicity test and degradability test. The results showed that collagen had successfully grafted on the polylactide (PLA) and the graft ratio of collagen on CPLA was about 5%. The water absorotion of CPLA was significantly higher than PLA and its hydrophilicity was better than PLA. Moreover, there was no obvious acid-catalyzed self-accelerating degradation behavior in the degradation process of CPLA. The results suggested that CPLA showed a great potential as particles for drug delivery.
Product Distributions of Benzene Alkylation with Propylene Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Sun Xiao Yan , Xiang Shu Guang
Published: September 2013

The usability of artificial neural networks (ANN) for the estimation of the product distributions was investigated. The study was performed by following a model catalysis reaction, benzene alkylation with propylene on zeolite MCM-22. The effects of temperature, the ratio of benzene/propylene (B/P) and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the product distributions were studied. Data obtained from different courses were used for training of the ANN and one set of data obtained from another courses was used for testing of the trained network. This network was designed as a Back-Propagation (BP) network with four neurons in the input layer, N neurons in the hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer. The network was trained till the mean square value between the targets and the outputs obtained was 1×10-4. The product distributions for the isopropylbenzene, di-isopropylbenzene and tri-isopropylbenzene were estimated using the trained network. The regression coefficient of determination showed a good correlation between estimated and experimental data sets for both train and test data sets. There are high correlations between experimental and estimated time course curves and that was another proof of the high performance of ANN for estimation of the product distributions of alkylation reaction.
Effect of Ionic Liquid Pretreatment on the Enzymatic Saccharification of Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Liao Wei , Wang Zhao Mei , Li Bing Jie
Published: September 2013

onic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mi Cl) was used to pretreat sugarcane bagasse (SCB), followed by regeneration of SCB by addition of deionized water. The regenerated SCB exhibited enhancement in enzymatic saccharification with an average 3.1-fold enhancement in yield of reducing sugar produced compared to untreated SCB in the kinetic study. The maximum yield of glucose and reducing sugar produced were 2.6% and 4.3% respectively for untreated SCB, whereas the maximum yield of glucose and reducing sugar produced were more significant with value of 7.2% and 16.6% respectively for IL-pretreated SCB. This paper suggested that the IL-pretreatment of SCB could be a useful pretreatment method to increase the yield of sugars produced in enzymatic saccharification.
The Binary Vapor-Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Citronella Oil under High Vacuum
Authors: Chen Qiu , Gu Li Li , Zhang Zheng Hui
Published: September 2013

Citronellal, citronellol and geraniol are the main components of the natural plant citronella oil, and their vapor-liquid phase equilibrium relationship is the critical data to separate, purify the citronella oil and design rectifying column. Citronella oil is a thermo-sensitive material, so the separation under high vacuum conditions could lower its boiling point and maintain its quality. This paper adopts the precise vapor-liquid phase equilibrium instrument to collect the binary system of citronellal-citronellol, citronellal-geraniol and citronellol-geraniol with the absolute pressure of 1.2kPa. Meanwhile, the corresponding phase equilibrium diagrams are drawn, which provide data support for the distillation of citronella oil.
Experimental Study on Controlled Impact Effect in Plastic Deformation Processes
Authors: Penchev Todor , Karastojanov Dimitar , Altaparmakov Ivan
Published: September 2013

Controlled impact may be done if the source of additional force is placed on one of the impact bodies and this force is acting during the impact time. The use of Industrial Rocket Engine (IRE), produced in Bulgaria, enables the controlled impact technology. A laboratory set up was created in order to explore the controlled impact. Experiments on plastic deformation of lead specimens were conducted on this devise using controlled impact. An increase of the specimen deformation was obtained compared to the common free-fall impact deformation as well as a decrease of the rebound to zero (we called that a sticking impact). The results obtained make clear that the use of IRE propelled production machines for plastic deformation technologies improve those processes and decrease the production drain.
A Review on Biodiesel Synthesis Using Catalyzed Transesterification Base Ionic Liquids as Catalyst
Authors: Han Ben Yong , Zhang Wu Di , Chen Yu Bao , Yin Fang , Liu Shi Qing , Zhao Xing Ling
Published: September 2013

onic liquid is a green catalyzer and solvent which can be designed by changing the structure of its cation or anion. Ionic liquid has been used in diverse chemical reactions. Especially, Ionic liquids as environmentally friendly catalysts were applied in biodiesel production. Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids have many merits, such as no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to environment, and reusability. In this paper, the advances in the base ionic liquids catalysts and their application in biodiesel production were reviewed. The characterization of the ionic liquids were summarized. In addition, the prospect for the application of the basic ionic liquids to catalyze biodiesel production was also stated. Since the cost of ionic liquid may be an issue, there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.
Effect of Co60γ Ray Irradiation on Thermoplastic Corn Starch Plastic
Authors: Tang Hao , Jiang Hai Tian , Guo Bin , Li Pan Xin
Published: September 2013

Corn starch was irradiated by 60Coγ ray, and then the thermoplastic starch plastic (TPS) was prepared by adding glycerol. Microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the corn starch and starch plastic were studied in details by FTIR, DSC and SEM. Results showed that the starch macromolecular structure was damaged by irradiation, and with increased irradiation time, the temperature of melt endothermic peak and tensile strength decreased, elongation at break increases for starch plastic, the thermoplastic property of starch was enhanced obviously.
Study of Nonlinear Effect about Laser-Induced Processes of Nanodispersed Gold in Mineral Association
Authors: Leonenko N.A. , Vanina E.A. , Kapustina G.G. , Veselova E.M.
Published: September 2013

Object of researches is continuous laser radiation sources on the mineral samples, the objects of alluvial layers, which contain gold, not extracted by gravitational methods. The formation of different structural surfaces of gold is established, general laws governing agglomeration and concentration of sub-micron gold are revealed.
Physical Properties Study of TiO2 Nanoparticle Synthesis via Hydrothermal Method Using TiO2 Microparticles as Precursor
Authors: Razali Mohd Hasmizam , Ahmad-Fauzi M.N. , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Sreekantan Srimala
Published: September 2013

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method using TiO2 microparticle powder (Merck) as precursor. TiO2 microparticles powder (~160 nm) was mixed with 10 M NaOH and treated hydrothermally at 150 °C and 2 MPa pressure in autoclave for 24 hours. After hydrothermal reaction was completed, the sample was washed, dried and heated at 500 °C for 2 hours to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectroscopy. UV-Vis DRS was used to determine the band gap energy. Field emissions and transmissions electron microscopy images revealed that nanoparticles obtained was about 14 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase phase (tetragonal). The band gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined to be 3.32 eV.
Performance Research of PUE/Modified Nanosilicon Carbide / Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Wen Qing Zhen , Cheng Qing , Zhu Jin Hua
Published: September 2013

The KH-550 was modified by KH-560, and a new surfactant was got, which was used to modify nanosilicon carbide. Series of modified polyurethane elastomers (PUE) were prepared with 2,4-toluene diisosocyanate (TDI), poly (propylene glycol)(PPG-2000), modified nanosilicon carbide, carbon nanofibers and 3,3'-4,4'-dianino-diphenymethane (MOCA). The influence of different amount of filler on the mechanical properties, wear resistance of composite materials was investigated. The dispersion degree of nanofiller in matrix was analysised by SEM. The results showed that the comprehensive properties of composite had been greatly improved.
Computational Modeling of the Pulling Force in a Conventional Pultrusion Process
Authors: Carlone Pierpaolo , Palazzo Gaetano S.
Published: September 2013

Pultrusion process is gaining increasing attention in several sectors, due to the high productivity and quality achievable. Recent researches highlighted the influence of the pulling force on the quality of pultruded products. In this paper a pulling force model, accounting for compacting, viscous, and frictional effects in a conventional pultrusion process has been implemented. The model is based on the combination of an impregnation, a thermochemical, and a frictional sub-models. Obtained outcomes evidenced, for the considered case,adominant role of the viscous drag.
Development of Embedded Laser Marking Controller Based on ARM9
Authors: Fang Yu , Wang Dong Yun , Yu Qi Wei , Wei Yang Xiu
Published: September 2013

The existing laser marking control systems are mainly based on PC and PCI laser drivers. PC is used for editing marking information and extracting marking data. The rapid processing capacity of PC makes the laser making machine achieve faster processing speed. However, it cannot be used in the outdoors and bad situations. In older to make the laser marking system widely adapt to various environments, an embedded laser marking controller is developed. It is based on ARM9 and LINUX. It can be easily operated and can achieve wonderful marking.
Macro-Micro Modeling Analysis for a Two-Steps Micro Reactor
Authors: Chen Xue Ye , Zeng Hong
Published: September 2013

A macro-micro modeling method was presented for simulating the phenomenon in three-dimensional micro reactor. This paper discusses the use of macro-micro modeling method to predict the concentration variation of various reactants in the reactor. The macro model was used to predict the overall behavior of the reactor. The micro model was used to predict the local behavior of the reactor. With the macro-micro modeling method, the computational efficiency has been significantly improved. The macro-micro modeling method will facilitate design of the micro reactor.
The Influencing Factors and Assessment Model of Fatigue Life of Shaft
Authors: Yuan Yong Zhuang
Published: September 2013

Predicting the life of part is emphasis base of Product Lifecycle Management, and is emphasis progress of modern product design. By exact and full analyze the influencing factors of real life of shaft, contribute to real life and design life coincidence of shaft. It can decrease property damage with product ahead of schedule failure. By comparative analysis and analytical method researched the influencing factors of shaft in used . The life predicting model of reality use is discussed and amended at present. It draws a reasonable predicting model of fatigue life. The model includes influencing factors of all in actual and decrease the error of predicting life compare with the life of real. It will establish the base of design of anti-fatigue of shaft.
A Low-Cost Head Supported Eye Tracker with High Precision
Authors: Chen Jie Chun , Ma Shi Quan , Zhao Li Ping
Published: September 2013

This paper discusses a low cost head-supported eye tracker. To measure the coordinates associated with a subjects gaze point fallen on a monitor, the subject places his head on a head support and keeps his head fixed. Meanwhile, a camera is used to capture images of the subjects left or right eye. The subjects gaze point fallen on a monitor can be determined according to the relative position of the pupil and glint in an eye image. This paper presents not only the principle of this eye tracker, but also the methods used to detect the pupil and glint in an eye image. At last, this paper presents some experimental results, and the experimental results show that the maximal average error of the experimental apparatus is 15 pixels or 0.4 in degrees.
Core Conductive Yarn Based Integral Knitted ESD Garments Part I. Metallic Core Conductive Yarns Investigation
Authors: Donciu Codrin
Published: September 2013

A research regarding the integral knitted structures for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective garments with core conductive fibres is currently undergoing. The results of the research will be published in three papers. The current paper presents a study on the knitted structures made with metallic core conductive fibres. A number of 15 samples made with different types of fibres were manufactured and tested for their ESD characteristics. From the experimental results, conclusions were drawn about ESD performances of tested samples.
Neutronic Performance of Small Long-Life Boiling Water Reactor Using Thorium as Fuel and the Addition of Protactinium as Burnable Poisons
Authors: Trianti Nuri , Su’ud Zaki , Arif Idam , Riyana Eka Sapta
Published: September 2013

Thorium has a possibility as alternative nuclear reactor fuel. Thorium has several good neutronic properties so that could provide higher capacity factor, more stable and insoluble, very resistant to weapon-material proliferation, and more cost effective. On the other hand, regarding the previous study [, neutronic performance of Thorium utilization as nuclear fuelwithout burnable poison materials additionyielded high excess reactivity. In order to handle this safety consideration without increase control mechanically, there was possible to add burnable poison (BP) materials. BP materials could absorb faster from fuel burn up because they have high cross section capture. Besides, they could left poison residue as few as they can in the end of fuel cycle. Protactinium, Pa, was a nuclide which has the same characteristic such standard BP materials. This paper describes the effect of addition of Pa-231 towards excess reactivity and operation time. The optimized design resulted in boiling water reactor with active volume 5,193.034 liter, power 182 MWt, operation time 28 years and maximum excess reactivity 0,56% dk/k. These specifications were obtained using fuel percentage composition of U-232 as much as 10 13% and Pa-231 as much as 9.36 16.01%.
Application of Modified CANDLE Burnup to Very Small Long Life Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor
Authors: Monado Fiber , Su’ud Zaki , Waris Abdul , Basar Khairul , Ariani Menik , Sekimoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2013

Gas-cooled Fast Reactor is a good candidate for fourth generation nuclear power plant that projected to be used started in 2030. In this study, modified CANDLE burn-up strategy is adopted to create 300 MWt long life Gas-cooled Fast Reactor with metallic fuel U-10wt%Zr without enrichment. This design demonstrated excellent performance with the average discharge burn-up is about 25.9% HM.
Analysis on Even Mass Plutonium Production of Different Loading Materials in FBR Blanket
Authors: Permana Sidik , Trian Novi , Waris Abdul , Suud Zaki , Mail I. , Suzuki Mitsutoshi
Published: September 2013

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear facilities such as from accumulated SNF commercial reactors becomes one of the important issues in term of reducing environmental impact and fuel sustainability as well as nuclear nonproliferation point of view when those SNF materials can be recycled and utilized as new fuel loaded into the reactors. Minor actinides (MA) as one of the important material of spent nuclear fuels can be recycled and transmuted into some useful materials which can be utilized to increase the fuel breeding capability as well as for increasing protected plutonium production from the view point of nuclear nonproliferation issue. Increasing some even mass isotopic plutonium compositions are estimated to increase the level of proliferation resistance level in term of material barrier point of view. The objective of this study is to analyze the proliferation resistance aspect of nuclear fuel based on plutonium production of different loading materials in the FBR blanket. Evaluation is based on some basic parameters of reactor operation analysis, such as reactor operation time which is adjusted to 800 days operation per cycle for 4 fuel batches systems which is refered to the large FBR type of Japan Sodium Fast Reactor (JSFR) design. The results show some nuclear fuels behavior during reactor operation for different loading materials and cycles. Minor actinide (MA) material loading as doping material gives some significant plutonium productions during reactor operation. Some obtained actinide productions have different profiles such as some reducing compositions in americium and neptunium actinide compositions with the time which depends on initial loading material. Some plutonium vector compositions are evaluated from Pu-238 to Pu-242 to estimate the proliferation resistance level as isotopic material barrier of plutonium. Some significant contributions for increasing even mass plutonium as plutonium protected material are shown by Pu-238 from all doping material as well as additional production of Pu-240 and Pu-242 in certain conditions.
Irradiation and Cooling Process Effects on Material Barrier Analysis Based on Plutonium Composition of LWR
Authors: Permana Sidik , Trian Novi , Waris Abdul , Zaki Su'ud , Mail I. , Suzuki Mitsutoshi
Published: September 2013

Nuclear fuel utilization program from front-end up to back-end processes especially spent fuel management have been monitored and safeguarded by the IAEA in order to ensure the utilization of nuclear fuels from all nuclear facilities including nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities are dedicated only for civil and peaceful purposes. Nuclear fuel production processes including reactor criticality condition is one of the major topics in term of nuclear fuel sustainability which related to energy security issues. Meanwhile, reduction level or preventing processes of nuclear fuel utilization from its potential risk from nuclear explosive purposes should be also strengthened and prioritized. To increase the intrinsic proliferation resistance of nuclear fuel, one of the potential ways is by increasing the material barrier level such as isotopic barrier. In case of plutonium, increasing the intrinsic properties of plutonium isotopes can be used by increasing material barrier of even mass number (Pu-238, Pu-240 and Pu-242). In this study, the effect of different irradiation process during reactor operation which related to discharged fuel burnup have been used and decay time to analyzed its dependeny to plutonium production as well as plutonium production dependency to decay or cooling time processes. Fuel production analysis of the reactor are based on the spent fuel of light water reactor (LWR) with different discharged fuel burnup (33 GWd/t, 50 GWd/t and 60 GWd/t) and different decay or cooling time process (1 to 30 years cooling time). Fuel behavior optimization of LWR design are obtained by using ORIGEN code by employing some modules for analyzing fuel production dependencies to burnup and decay time processes. In this study, two parameters for investigating the material barriers are adopted such as decay heat (DH) and spontaneous fission neutron (SFN) compositions. The compositions of DH and SFN are sensitive to the composition of isotopic plutonium especially more sensitive to even mass plutonium composition. Higher discharged fuel burnup level produces more even mass plutonium compositions and effectively reduce Pu-239 production because of more fissile Pu-239 are consumed for higher burnup. Isotopic Pu-238 gives the highest DH contributor, while Isotope Pu-240 obtains the highest contribution of SFN followed by other plutonium isotopes. DH and SFN compositions of plutonium can be increased effectively by increasing burnup process. Longer decay time is also effective to increase SFN compositions because of its dependency to all even mass plutonium while it gives less DH compositions because of its dependency to the contribution of Pu-238.
Desain Study of Pb-Bi Cooled Fast Reactors with Natural Uranium as Fuel Cycle Input Using Special Shuffling Strategy in Radial Direction
Authors: Su’ud Zaki , Irka Feriska H. , Imam Taufiq , Sekimoto H. , Sidik P.
Published: September 2013

Design study of Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using special radial shuffling strategy has been performed. The reactors utilizes UN-PUN as fuel, Eutectic Pb-Bi as coolant, and can be operated without refueling for 10 years in each batch. Reactor design optimization is performed to utilize natural uranium as fuel cycle input. This reactor subdivided into 6 regions with equal volume in radial directions. The natural uranium is initially put in region 1, and after one cycle of 10 years of burn-up it is shifted to region 2 and the region 1 is filled by fresh natural uranium fuel. This concept is basically applied to all regions. The calculation has been done by using SRAC-Citation system code and JENDL-3.2 library. The effective multiplication factor change increases monotonously during 10 years reactor operation time. There is significant power distribution change in the central part of the core during the BOC and the EOC. It is larger than that in the case of modified CANDLE case which use axial direction burning region move. The burnup level of fuel is slowly grows during the first 15 years but then grow fastly in the rest of burnup history. This pattern is a little bit different from the case of modified CANDLE burnup scheme in Axial direction in which the slow growing burnup period is relatively longer almost half of the burnup history.
Comparative Study of the Hydrodynamic Performance of Shorter and Longer Blades in a Swirling Fluidized Bed
Authors: Venkiteswaran Vinod Kumar , Anwar Sulaiman Shaharin , Raghavan Vijay R.
Published: September 2013

Fluidized beds have been widely used in industrial processes. The inefficiency of current systems provides opportunities for improvement and development of new fluidized bed techniques. The swirling fluidized bed is an outcome of such a quest. The main shortcomings of present day SFB systems are the underutilization of available annular area and massing of bed particles at the periphery of the bed column. In this work the authors report the effect of increasing the annular area in a Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) by using longer blades for the distributor and compare it to the conventional blade length of 50 mm. Distributor blades of two different lengths, 50 mm and 100 mm, was used in this work and the bed height was measured with spherical bed particle of three different sizes (4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm) at varying bed weight and superficial velocity. For a given bed weight, the benefits are achieved through a lower bed pressure drop as well as better quality of fluidization.
An Approach to Calculate the Directions of Crystal Defects in Synchrotron Radiation Topography
Authors: Yu Wan Li , Jia Xiao Peng , Yuan Qing Xi
Published: September 2013

An approach was proposed to calculate the directions of crystal defects in the research of synchrotron radiation topography (SRT). The calculating method was deduced based on the theory of homogeneous coordinates. When spherical coordinates of a crystal defect had been calculated in a radiograph, the directions of the defect on any other radiograph, taken after the specimen had been turned around any axis in the SRT experiments, could be calculated. The directions of crystal defects can be determined by the methods previously been used only if the images of the same defects are similar in the topographs, but it is often not the case in the SRT experiments. With the method proposed in this paper, it is convenient to analyze the defects in different radiographs on which the images of the same defects are dissimilar. An example was taken to show the use of the method.
Response Function of Collimated Detector for Non Axial Detector-Source Geometry
Authors: Wirawan Rahadi , Djamal M. , Waris A. , Handayani Gunawan , Kim Hong Joo
Published: September 2013

Response function is a fundamental parameter for all detectors in order to analyze the energy distribution of gamma ray which undergoes scattering interaction with the material. The response functions of a 3 in. x 3 in. NaI(Tl) collimated detector for non axis detector-source geometry has been calculated using a Monte Carlo approach from GEANT4 simulation code with 0.662 MeV of mono-energetic of photon gamma ray. Collimated Pb with 4 cm thickness and 2 cm of holes diameter were employed for shielding. The source was assumed as an isotropic point source and it is placed at various positions to the detector axis. The comparison between the measured energy response functions and the simulated energy response functions after normalization were also performed in order to validate the modeling results.
Solar Refrigerating Systems
Authors: Sarbu Ioan , Valea Emilian , Sebarchievici Calin
Published: September 2013

Along with the global warming impacts and climate changes, the demands for air conditioning and refrigeration have increased. Therefore, providing cooling by utilizing renewable energy such as solar energy is a key solution to the energy and environmental issues. In this paper are presented theoretical basis and practical applications for cooling technologies assisted by solar energy and their recent advances. The ejector cycle represents the thermo-mechanical cooling system, and has a higher coefficient of performance (COP) but require a higher heat source temperature than other cycles. Based on the thermal COP of each cycle, the absorption cycle which represents the thermal cooling is preferred to the ejector cycle. Next to improving efficiency of solar cooling technologies, research on advanced solar collector is the most important research topic.
Small Multi-Agent Wind Solar Hybrid Power Generation System Design and Implementation
Authors: Chang Jiang , Peng Yan , Feng Xiao Jun
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces a method of design and implementation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on multi-agent. The paper mainly introduces the system hardware structure chart and the parameters design of Buck-Boost circuit. It also introduces the software design of wind power and solar power generation agent module and storage battery charging and discharging agent module. Finally the system wind solar hybrid switching waveforms are analyzed, the waveform analysis can show that the circuit switch is normal and work stably.
Effect Study of Large-Scale PV Power Access to HVDC System
Authors: Han Hua Ling , Li Zhen , Shi Tao , Chen Ning
Published: September 2013

In order to realize electric power high voltage, large capacity, long distance transmission and regional power grid interconnection, dc transmission system is an important technical means, and it plays an important role for cross-regional given of new large-scale energy power generation. Based on large scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation access to the northwest power grid as the object, this article set up PV power station model, analysis the influence of large-scale PV power access to HVDC system under different PV station operating mode and the grid disturbance situation. At last this paper puts forward suggestions and measures to guarantee stable operation of large scale PV power generation access to the system.
The Optimization Model of Wind Power and Thermal Power Jointly Run under the TOU Price
Authors: Ju Li Wei , Tan Zhong Fu , Yin He , Chen Zhi Hong
Published: September 2013

In order to be able to absorb the abandoned wind, increasing wind-connect amount, the paper study the way of wind power, thermal power joint run and puts forward wind power, thermal power joint run optimization model based on the energy-saving generation dispatching way under the environment of TOU price and the target of minimizing the cost of coal-fired cost, unit commitment and pollution emissions. The numerical example finds, the TOU price can realize the goal of peak load shifting, increasing the electricity demand in the low load and reducing electricity demand in the peak load. The model can increase the amount of wind-connect grid, absorb the abandoned wind, reduce the use of coal-fired units under the environment, increase the average electricity sales price and profit of Power Company. Therefore, the model has significant economical environmental benefits
Energetic Analysis of Solar-Supplied Processes for Methane, Biogas and Wood Chip Production
Authors: Cotana Franco , Rossi Federico , Nicolini Andrea , Filipponi Mirko , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: September 2013

An interesting application of solar energy for methane production is here analysed in terms of energetic efficiency. The application (called Solargas) is constituted by photovoltaic (PV) panels, an electrolyser and a Sabatier reactor. PV panels pick up the solar energy to supply the electrolyser. The electrolyser produces hydrogen from water; the produced hydrogen is used in a Sabatier reactor to obtain methane. Solargas system is here compared to typical biogas and wood chip production systems in terms of the ratio between the output fuel energy and the input solar energy.
An Ultra Low Voltage Resonant Converter for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Guo Shi Zhong , Xie Kai , Ye Ying Hao , Li Xiao Ping
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a ultra low voltage resonant converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting.A key challenge in designing energy harvesting system is that thermoelectric generators output a very low voltage (-0.3V~0.3V). Therefore, a power converter is used to boost the output voltage of the energy transducer and transfer energy into an energy buffer for storage. The converter operates from input voltages ranging from-500mV to-60mV and 60mV to 500mV while supplying a 4.2 V DC output. The converter consumes 88μW of quiescent power, delivers up to 1.6 (1.8) mW of output power, and is 65(67)% efficient for a-100mV and 100mV input, respectively.
Research on Ingot Casting Process and Properties of Poly-Silicon
Authors: Zhao Bai Tong , Gao Wen Xiu , Jia Cheng Chang
Published: September 2013

Temperature gradient and solidification rate are two key parameters during polysilicon directional solidification, which are varied to improve the polysilicon production process. Dendritic growth, distribution of impurities, Minority carrier lifetime and resistivity mapping are also discussed in this paper. A better quality of polysilicon ingot is presented by optimized casting process.
A Review on Pitch Angle Control Strategy of Variable Pitch Wind Turbines
Authors: Tan Chao , Wang Hong Hua
Published: September 2013

This paper summarizes the development process of wind turbines control technology, reviews the application of traditional control, sliding mode variable structure control, H robust control, adaptive control, fuzzy control, artificial neural network control and integrated control in the pitch angle control system of variable pitch wind turbines, points out its present situation and development prospect.
Principles of Unsaturated Flow in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Lv Zhi Kai , Gu Dai Hong , He Shun Li , Zhang Hai Yong , Mo Shao Yuan
Published: September 2013

The future of the energy sector in the coming years is expected to be significantly affected by unconventional gas resources. Flow through porous media has many applications in the chemical, petroleum, gas, and pulp and paper industries, as well as in soil remediation and material characterization. In petroleum and natural gas production, flow through porous media has significance in the production of gas and/or oil. There are many characteristics of tight reservoir rock resulting in high and complex water saturation such as tiny pore throat, poor sorting, high displacement pressure, and so on. The one hand, the gas seepage is affected by the slippage effect, resulting in the abnormal gas relative permeability. On the other hand, the residual water of the tight core is controlled by displacement pressure. This study is directly related to gas reservoir engineering and is specifically focused to obtain fundamental information for two phase flow through low permeability porous media (Tight Sand Gas).
Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Wear for Nuclear Inconel 690 Alloy
Authors: Mei Jin Na , Xue Fei , Huang Lei , Wang Zhao Xi , Zhang Guo Dong , Shu Guo Gang , Li Jin Shan , Fu Heng Zhi
Published: September 2013

Finite element method to analyze the fretting wear characteristics based on Hertz theory, Coulomb friction law and a modified Archard wear equation, has been applied to a cylinder-on-flat configuration for typical steam generator tube material Inconel 690 alloy and typical anti-vibration bar material Inconel 600 alloy (Cr plating) in the nuclear power plant, under gross slip and partial slip conditions. The evolutions of contact profile, surface contact variables with increase in wear cycles are predicted. The slip regime is predicted to have significant effects on the fretting wear behavior. Under the gross slip regime, it is found that the peak contact pressure occurs at the center of the contact scar, and the actual relative slip is slightly smaller than the applied value. The contact width increases, and the peak pressure decreases gradually with increase in wear cycles. Whereas under the partial slip regime, the peak contact pressure occurs at the stick-slip boundary, the actual relative slip is much smaller than the applied value, and no relative slip occurs in the stick zone. The contact width increases gradually, and the peak pressure increases rapidly with increase in wear cycles.