bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de estimación de los indicadores del Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking)
Authors: Pandiella-Dominique A. , Moreno-Lorente L. , García-Zorita C. , Sanz-Casado E.
Published: May 2018

El interés en los rankings globales de universidades ha crecido significativamente a lo largo de los últimos 10 años. El uso de indicadores simples y sintéticos, la facilidad de interpretación de la información que contienen, el fomento de la competencia entre las universidades, así como la posibilidad de compararlas entre sí, son algunos de los factores que han popularizado su aplicación. Al mismo tiempo, sus críticos han identificado problemas en relación a cuestiones tanto conceptuales como técnicas y metodológicas. Este artículo aborda tres temas que han suscitado un intenso debate metodológico sobre los rankings de universidades: la replicabilidad de los resultados, la relevancia de los indicadores, y la recopilación de datos. También propone una herramienta para estimar las puntuaciones de los dos indicadores de mayor interés para la mayoría de las universidades (Documentos publicados en Nature o Science y publicaciones en WoS). Se informa sobre un método alternativo desarrollado para calcular la puntuación de cualquier universidad en los dos indicadores de ranking más importantes de Shanghái. Una de las principales características del método propuesto es que los input necesarios son fácilmente accesibles para los gestores de política científica, autoridades académicas, estudiantes, y otros grupos de interés, pudiéndose aplicar directamente. Además, con este modelo también se pueden estimar las puntuaciones para las universidades que no figuran entre las primeras 500 en el ranking de Shanghái.
Santa Juana: The Opening Season in Spain (1925–26)
Authors: Rodríguez Martín Gustavo A.
Published: May 2018

This article describes and analyzes the production of Santa Juana (the Spanish version of Saint Joan, translated by Julio Broutá) staged by Margarita Xirgu and her company during the 1925–26 season. The outlook of this article is informed by a number of elements that contribute to provide a holistic account of this historic production. First is the sociopolitical situation of Spain at the time, under the military dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In more specific terms, while a brief overview of the Spanish theater scene is in order, the fundamental considerations here have to do with the personal and professional qualities of lead actress and impresario Margarita Xirgu, as well as with the technical details of the production. In addition, this article also provides a summary of the critical reception of Santa Juana in the Spanish press.
Plays Present and Unpresent: Updating Shaw's Drama in Performance
Authors: Christian Mary
Published: May 2018

Present-day directors of Shaw's plays, like Shaw himself, have expressed concern regarding the plays' possible dating, yet are ambivalent at the prospect of modernizing them. This article discusses the potential opportunities and challenges of setting Shaw's plays in the present. Peter Hinton's 2015 Shaw Festival production of Pygmalion serves as a case study, using costume and set design, video, and revised characterizations to reinforce and refocus the play's concern with class hierarchy and upward mobility. Hinton's production offers an example of the ways in which a carefully considered modernization of Shaw's work can not only demonstrate the continuing relevance of the social problems Shaw dramatized, but also illustrate more effectively the role of such problems in shaping individual personalities and relationships.
Schism and the Spirit in Hugh Bourne's Theology
Authors: Pedlar James E.
Published: May 2018

It is normally argued that theological issues were not at stake in the separation of the Primitive Methodist Connexion from Wesleyan Methodism. While it is true that the flashpoint issues were methodological, there were underlying theological differences that contributed to the schism. Primitive Methodist co-founder Hugh Bourne had a pneumatocentric theology that prioritized the personal work of the Holy Spirit over the Spirit's work through the community. His Spirit-centred perspective led the Primitive Methodists to a more participatory and egalitarian understanding of the church, but offered little reason to resist separation from Wesleyan Methodism when conflict arose.
Competencias de manipuladores de alimentos de Comayagua, Siguatepeque y La Paz, febrero a junio 2016
Authors: Houghton Cuevas Arnold Enrique , Suazo Argeñal Gustavo Enrique , Pérez Gonzales Gustavo Enrique , Obando Andrade Luis Magin
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue el de caracterizar las competencias de los manipuladores de alimentos de los municipios de Comayagua, Siguatepeque y La Paz en el periodo febrero a junio del 2016. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo transversal con el uso de las escalas tipo Likert para la medición de la actitud y habilidad sanitaria en los entrevistados. Se elaboraron preguntas que evaluaron el grado de apropiación de los conocimientos por esta población. La unidad de análisis son los manipuladores de alimentos de las vías públicas y estacionarios y de observación son los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, que tienen este grupo de la economía informal. La muestra se seleccionó mediante el Muestreo Probabilístico Estratificado, obteniéndose que el 94% de los manipuladores tuvieron conocimientos acertados, 90% de ellos, manifestaron Habilidades favorables y el 95% Actitudes favorables. Los procesos de capacitación enmarcados en los proyectos de vinculación realizados por el CURC en el abordaje de la educación sanitaria de los manipuladores de alimentos, han tenido un efecto positivo en el cambio de los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes de las personas entrevistadas.
Ausencia de infecciones asintomáticas de malaria en una región endémica de Honduras
Authors: Fontecha Gustavo , Carmenate Lino , Garcia Joel , Erazo Brian , Amador Juan , Yanes Nestor , Buezo Isis , Martel Fabiola , Carrasco Mariela
Published: May 2018

Ha existido un progreso considerable en la lucha contra la malaria en el mundo. En Honduras encontramos una reducción de los casos de más de 17,000 a 3,564 en la última década. Para cumplir con las metas de eliminación de la malaria, las estrategias deben de considerar a todos los individuos infectados por malaria en las intervenciones, por lo que adquiere mayor valor  los esfuerzos enfocados en identificar las infecciones asintomáticas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia de casos de infección asintomática de malaria en 3 comunidades del municipio de Iriona, Colón, Honduras para enero del 2015. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en las comunidades de Ciriboya, Punta Piedra y Cusuna, Colón durante enero del 2015. Mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple se incluyeron 145 participantes. Se realizó el diagnóstico de infección de malaria asintomática mediante gota gruesa, PCR convencional y PCR anidada. En el análisis microscópico no se detectaron muestras de gota gruesa positivas, resultando en una prevalencia de 0.00%. El abordaje molecular tampoco detectó infecciones. Los hallazgos de este estudio concuerdan con el patrón de estudios anteriores en Honduras y con el avance que se ha tenido contra la malaria en el país. La detección activa de casos es recomendada para intervenciones en lugares donde la transmisión de la malaria se ha reducido hasta niveles bajos, por lo que su implementación en Honduras debe de ser parte de la estrategia integral de los programas de eliminación.
Erosión hídrica en suelos de laderas cultivadas con café sin sombra, en Copán Honduras
Authors: Lopez Guevara Juan Manuel
Published: May 2018

Se analizaron efectos de la erosión hídrica en suelos de laderas cultivados con café sin sombra en una zona del departamento de Copán Honduras, durante la época lluviosa de 2016, por medio de la estimación de las variaciones en la pérdida del suelo y en el escurrimiento superficial. Se planteó un diseño completamente al azar, cuyas unidades experimentales fueron constituidas por parcelas de escorrentía y erosión instaladas en áreas con 46% promedio de pendiente, cultivadas con café en tres diferentes rangos de edades. Los resultados del análisis de varianza muestran diferencias estadísticas que indican que la reducción de la escorrentía y de las pérdidas de suelo se deben a cambios en la densidad del follaje del cultivo del café a medida que va creciendo. Los análisis de correlación y regresión entre la precipitación, la escorrentía, y entre ésta y la pérdida de suelo muestran que existe una asociación positiva media en ambos casos. En todos los casos, la diferencia en los volúmenes de escorrentía y las pérdidas por erosión entre la cobertura boscosa y las diferentes edades es significativa, demostrando la capacidad del follaje para interceptar y amortiguar la energía cinética de las gotas de lluvia que generan el arrastre de las partículas de suelo, y el potencial de absorción y almacenamiento de la capa de material orgánico que cubre el suelo y del tejido radicular para influir en la circulación del agua en el suelo.
Arqueoastronomía en el Sitio Arqueológico de Yarumela
Authors: Ramos Castro Josue Erubel
Published: May 2018

El Sitio Arqueológico de Yarumela es considerado como uno de los sitios prehispánicos más antiguos del corredor mesoamericano en honduras, tiene una existencia casi de aproximadamente 3200 años, hoy en día se encuentra localizado entre los departamentos de Comayagua y La Paz. Se cree que los habitantes que ocuparon el sitio en su momento más asombroso tenían un conocimiento avanzado en cuanto a observación de los cuerpos celestes. En esta investigación se consideró específicamente los movimientos aparentes del sol sobre el horizonte oeste para determinar el alineamiento entre las estructuras en los días de los equinoccios y solsticios. Según las investigaciones realizadas por arqueólogos este sitio fue ocupado durante el período formativo (1000 a.C. a 250 d.C) donde se desarrolló una sociedad indígena que formó la base de la cultura Lenca encontrada por los conquistadores en 1537 (Dixon, Boyd, 1991) citado en (Ramos , 2014,en prensa). La metodología utilizada fue medir el acimut de la puesta del sol por el horizonte y el acimut de las estructuras como también la altura de la montaña específicamente por donde se oculta el sol y así determinar la orientación y alineamientos de las estructuras con respecto al sol.
Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica: Desafíos en la UNAH
Authors: Zorto Aguilera Fernando José
Published: May 2018

La universidad se encuentra en un momento crucial, puesto que nos adentramos en un tiempo donde las políticas de investigación terminar su vigor, dado que se crearon para desarrollar un avance mucho más contundente en el desarrollo de la cultura de la Investigación científica y postgrado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) en un transcurso de cinco años, los cuales culminan en el año 2019. Por tal motivo, la UNAH tiene el reto de plantearse nuevos derroteros. Es así que es importante verificar que muchas de las actividades planteadas en las políticas como tal se han venido cumpliendo y esto lo refleja los últimos 10 años de fomento de la investigación científica de la UNAH.Por esta razón, este ensayo se encuentra estructurado para dar seguimiento a estos diez años y como estamos terminando esta década de impulsar la cultura de la innovación y la investigación científica dentro de la universidad. Por consiguiente se plantearán los desafíos que se tendrán en la próxima década los miembros del Sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología de Honduras (SICyT) dentro de la Universidad, la cual es la innovación y la transferencia tecnológica dentro de un mercado que pueda aprovechar los desarrollos bien logrados en dichos ecosistemas, donde interactúen entes y personas que dedican su vida a la investigación científica y tecnológica.
El subdesarrollo y la crisis capitalista del último tercio del siglo XX
Authors: Arrizabalo Montoro Xabier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 49, 1996: 7-24
Sobre cultura y participación política
Authors: Sermeño Angel
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 49, 1996: 81-103
A Study on Reducing the Sleeping in Class Phenomenon in Japanese Universities through Student Motivation
Authors: Mihara Kei
Published: May 2018

Sleeping in class is a common phenomenon among students in Japanese universities. There are several possible reasons for this: tiredness from daily routines such as commuting, difficulty concentrating in 90-minute classes, or a lack of motivation to study. As for English as a foreign language (EFL) classes, it is possible that university students are not as motivated as high school students, considering that English education in Japan is generally aimed at preparing students for university entrance examinations. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine ways to prevent students from sleeping in class by improving their motivation. Based on the results of questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews, this study seeks to identify ways in which student attention and alertness in class can be improved. The participants in this study were asked to take a vocabulary test before completing exercises in their textbook. After four weeks, follow-up research was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The study results showed that taking a vocabulary test at the beginning of class is an effective method of motivating students, but that motivation alone cannot prevent university students from sleeping in class.
Hypothesis Testing for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Needs at Fuji City
Authors: Higuchi Yuki , Okubo Akane , Suzuki Daisuke , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: May 2018

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. Hypothesis testing was executed based on that. We have set 9 Null hypotheses. In the hypothesis testing, 4 cases out of 9 null hypotheses were rejected and nearly half of hypotheses were insisted clearly. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated.
The Demographics of Patients with Skin Cancer who Underwent Surgery in Diyarbakır and Performed Surgical Techniques
Authors: ÖZALP Burhan , CALAVUL Abdulkadir , TAŞKAN Sinan , YILDIRIM Mirza
Published: May 2018

Objective:
The major factor for developing malignant skin cancers is sunlight exposure.
This study aimed to evaluate the demographics of patients with skin cancers who
underwent surgery in Diyarbakır where the population is exposed to more
sunlight than most other Turkish cities.Methods:
The medical records of patients who underwent surgery for malignant skin cancer
excision between 2011 and 2016 were searched using University Hospital’s
patient database program. Data about patients’ demographics, cancer features,
and the surgical techniques performed were collected. Results:
Over a 5-year period, 190 patients underwent surgical excision. The male to
female ratio was 1.56, and the mean age was 65.8 ± 15.7 (range, 20-94) years.
The most common skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma (n=138, 72.7%), followed
by squamous cell carcinoma (n=45, 23.7%) and malignant melanoma (n=5, 2.6%).
The most common surgery was primary excision, which was performed in 90 of 190
patients (47.36%); tissue reconstruction with a skin graft or flap surgery was
required for the remaining 100 (52.63%), showing a significant difference
(p<0.001).Conclusion:
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer, and less than half of the
patients sought treatment immediately after they recognized the lesion. The
public should be educated about skin cancers to increase early diagnosis and
encourage timely treatment, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality from
skin cancer.
Association of signal transducer and activator of transcription, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 positivity with antiviral treatment in cirrhotic liver samples from patients with the hepatitis B or C virus
Authors: TATLI Faik , KIRIMLIOĞLU Saime Hale , YILMAZ Sezai , GÖZENELİ Orhan , KAYAALP Cüneyt , KARINCAOĞLU Melih , DİRİCAN Abuzer , BARUT Bora , KIRIMLIOĞLU Vedat
Published: May 2018

Objective: Terminal liver disease due to viral hepatitis infections is an important health problem. This study aimed to compare the expression of members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family (STAT-1, -2, -3, -5a, and -5b) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in hepatectomy material from patients who received antiviral treatment and underwent a liver transplantation due to terminal liver failure. Methods: The study consisted of 45 patients who underwent a liver transplantation due to chronic liver failure associated with viral hepatitis (hepatitis C virus [HCV] or hepatitis B virus [HBV]). The patients were divided into three groups according to the drug treatments they received prior to the liver transplantation: Group A: lamivudine, Group B: adefovir, and Group C: interferon or interferon + ribavirin. Results: In the study population, 9 (20%) patients were females and 36 (80%) were males. The mean age was 45.7 (29–69) years. STAT-2, -3, and IL-6 expression were significantly higher in hepatocytes in Group A (p<0.05). Conclusion: High STAT-3, high IL-6, and low STAT-1 expression were associated with optimum hepatocyte regeneration and liver metabolic function. In this regard, lamivudine was the most effective drug in the present study.
Kör teknik ile supraklavikülar blok uygulanan hastalarda bupivakain ile levobupikainin’in etkilerinin karşılaştırması
Authors: BAHAR İlhan , DEMİRKIRAN Hilmi , KARAMAN Haktan
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde son zamanlarda sık kullanılmaya
başlanan supraklavikular bloğun etkiniğilini değerlendirmeyi düşündük.Yöntemler: Çalışmaya alınan hastalarının tamamı kör teknik
ile supraklavikülar blok uygulanan hastalardı. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı ve
Grup levopubivakain (L); 25 hastaya levobupivakain (%0,5; 5 mg/ml) 20 ml
üzerine 20 ml SF ile tamamlanarak 40 ml ve Grup bupivakain (B); 25 hastaya
bupivakain (%0,5; 5 mg/ml) 20 ml üzerine 20 ml SF tamamlanarak 40 ml uygulanan
hastalar dahil edildi. Hastalar; Amerikan anestezistler birliği (ASA)
sınıflaması, yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, motor blok başlama süresi, duysal blok
başlama süresi, postoperatif aneljezik ihtiyacı ve komplikasyon açısından
değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Her iki grup arasında: yaş, kilo, boy, cinsiyet,
ASA açısından fark yoktu. Grup B hastalarında motor blok başlama süresi
ortalama ± standart sapma (ort±ss) (5,15 ± 3,55) dakika bulunurken, Grup L deki
hastaların motor blok başlama süresi ort±ss (9,3 ± 7,1) dakika bulundu
(p=0,01). Bupivakain gruptaki hastaların duysal blok başlama süresi ortalama
19,46 ± 11,10 dakika iken, levobupivakain gruptaki hastaların duysal blok
başlama süresi ortalama 25,36 ± 11,15 dakika bulundu (p=0,04).Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bupivakain ile levopubikaine göre daha
erken duysal ve motor blok sağlandığını ve kör teknik ile yapılan
supraklavikuler bloğun deneyimli kişiler tarafından yapıldığında pnömotoraks
açısından da güvenli bir uygulama olabileceğini bulduk.
Analysis of obligatory measures against anthropic risks in Spanish football stadiums
Authors: López-Fernández J. , García-Unanue J. , Luis Felipe J. , Burillo P. , Sánchez-Sánchez J. , Gallardo L.
Published: May 2018

Objetivos: a) Desarrollar una herramienta para evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de las medidas de seguridad obligatorias frente a los riesgos antrópicos en los estadios de fútbol españoles; b) analizar y describir el nivel de seguridad de seis estadios de fútbol (dos por división).

Métodos: Una herramienta de 150 ítems divididos en 10 categorías fue elaborada para analizar la situación de los estadios de fútbol españoles.

Resultados: El porcentaje de cumplimiento de las medidas obligatorias entre los estadios analizados es muy heterogéneo: 2ª División B (52%) 2ª División (85%) y 1ª División (97%). Las categorías menos implementadas son: planes de seguridad (71%), medidas de alto riesgo (69%), documentación de seguridad (67%) y medios tecnológicos (61%).
Conclusión: Ninguno de los seis casos estudiados cumplieron con el 100% de las medidas de fútbol obligatorias. Esta herramienta puede ser útil para ayudar a alcanzar el cumplimiento de todas las medidas de seguridad obligatorias
Análisis comparativo de la calidad percibida por espectadores en deportes de combate
Authors: Angosto Sánchez S. , Martínez-Abellán A. , Rabadán Iniesta J. C. , López-Gullón J. M.
Published: May 2018

El interés por conocer las percepciones del espectador respecto a la calidad y el valor del servicio, se ha trasladado a los eventos deportivos. Conocer cuáles son los elementos determinantes para alcanzar la satisfacción general del espectador, propiciará a los organizadores una mayor lealtad y mejora en la planificación de próximos eventos. Este estudio analiza, a través de un cuestionario, las  distintas dimensiones de calidad percibida, que presenta un evento deportivo de combate, calidad de servicio global, satisfacción general, elementos de la competición e intenciones futuras, según la percepción del espectador en los Campeonatos de España absolutos de las modalidades deportivas de Taekwondo y Lucha Olímpica. La dimensión de calidad percibida fue la peor valorada de forma global por los espectadores de los dos campeonatos, siendo la calidad de resultado la menos puntuada. Sin embargo, las intenciones futuras fueron el factor más valorado, existiendo pequeñas diferencias entre ambos eventos. Estos resultados son relevantes para los gestores de eventos deportivos para planificar estrategas para la mejora del servicio.
New Perspectives On Automatic And Morphophonological Alternations: Harmonic Processes In Two Peninsular Varieties Of Spanish
Authors: Neumann Farrah , Kanwit Matthew
Published: May 2018

The present study investigated vowel harmony (VH) in two varieties of Peninsular Spanish - Eastern Andalusian and Montañes. Despite both varieties exhibiting VH, the triggers and targets for each variety result in metaphonic alternations that are quite distinct. Although previous research has extensively documented the VH of Andalusia and Montañes, no study has yet systematically compared the two using a singular metric for determining automatic (i.e., phonological) and morphophonological alternations.To address these questions, VH in each variety is described in detail and then classified as either an automatic or morphophonological alternation according to the following eight criteria indicated in Haspelmath and Sims (2010): phonological versus morphological or lexical conditioning, phonetic coherency, phonetic distance, restriction to derived environments, extension to loanwords, sensitivity to speech-style, creation of new segments, and restriction to the word level. In order to gain a more compete understanding of the morphology-phonology interface in Spanish, we explore similarities and differences in the VH of Eastern Andalusia and of the north of Spain. We seek to determine if VH in each region is more characteristic of automatic or morphophonological alternations.An in-depth analysis of the VH in each variety is revealed that a binary classification was less appropriate than viewing these alternations on a continuum. The nuanced representation of these alternations on a continuum is a unique contribution to the literature on Spanish VH and provides a fresh perspective on the nature of VH alternations in Peninsular Spanish.
The object-gap pseudorelative generalization
Authors: Aldama García Nuria
Published: May 2018

Previous literature contains two different points of view regarding the subject-object asymmetry related to the DP head of pseudorelatives (PRs). Some authors claim that the DP head can only be interpreted as the subject of the embedded predicate (subject-gap PRs). Other authors point towards the possibility of finding other constituents (e.g. direct object) in head position (object-gap PR), too. In this paper I claim that there are certain languages that only allow the DP head to be the subject of the embedded predicate, that is, they only allow subject-gap PRs, whereas other languages allow both subject-gap and object-gap PRs. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present the object-gap pseudorelative (PR) generalization to account for the cross-linguistic availability of subject-gap and object-gap PRs: the availability of object-gap PRs is subject to object clitic doubling. The structure of this paper goes as follows. Section 1 introduces PRs. Section 2 presents data about subject-gap and object-gap PRs. Section 3 gives some remarks on object clitic doubling. Section 4 presents the object-gap PR generalization. Conclusions and further research issues are presented in section 5.
Próteses auditivas: estudo comparativo das dificuldades auditivas e do benefício da amplificação em pacientes usuários de amplificação não linear e linear.
Authors: Bucuvic Érika Cristina , Iório Maria Cecília Martinelli
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e comparar as dificuldades auditivas e o benefício da amplificação em novos usuários de aparelho auditivo segundo as variáveis tipo de amplificação linear e não linear e tempo de uso, por meio do questionário de auto-avaliação APHAB. Foram avaliados 42 pacientes adultos com perda auditiva de grau leve a severo, distribuídos de acordo com o tipo de amplificação utilizada, sendo 13 pacientes usuários de amplificação não linear e 29 pacientes usuários de amplificação linear. O questionário de auto-avaliação APHAB, desenvolvido por Cox e Alexander em 1995, foi aplicado aos pacientes dos diferentes grupos antes da adaptação e após dois e seis meses. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. Os pacientes usuários de circuitos de amplificação linear apresentaram melhor desempenho nas subescalas FC (facilidade de comunicação), RV (reverberação) e BA (barulho ambiente), não sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa. O benefício obtido após dois e seis meses de uso da amplificação foi satisfatório. O desconforto para sons intensos, subescala (SI), foi maior para os pacientes usuários de amplificação linear. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas no desempenho de pacientes usuários de circuitos de amplificação linear e não linear, porém houve uma tendência de os pacientes usuários de amplificação linear apresentarem menor dificuldade em diferentes ambientes acústicos. O benefício com o uso do aparelho de amplificação é satisfatório independentemente do tipo de amplificação e do tempo de uso.
Imagem corporal e sexualidade de adolescentes com cegueira, alunos de uma escola pública especial em Feira de Santana, Bahia
Authors: França Dalva Nazaré Ornelas , Azevedo Eliane Elisa de Souza e
Published: May 2018

Seis adolescentes com cegueira congênita, alunos da Fundação Jonathas Telles de Carvalho, em Feira de Santana, concordaram em participar da presente pesquisa respondendo questionários e outros instrumentos de entrevista sobre imagem corporal e sexualidade. Os resultados demonstram que os adolescentes com cegueira têm fiel percepção de sua imagem corporal, que é construída a partir do que lhe dizem e pelo toque do próprio corpo. Em todos os adolescentes foi observado elevado nível de auto-estima e autopercepção como sexualmente atraentes. Existe consciência das transformações corporais da adolescência, embora com desinformação e receio sobre as mesmas. Todavia prevalece o desejo de construir uma relação afetivo-sexual, desejo esse semelhante ao dos adolescentes videntes. A ausência no país de um modelo pedagógico especial para educação sexual de portadores de deficiência visual agrava os desafios desta fase da vida e predispõe a preconceitos por parte da sociedade.
Ação do EDTA sobre a camada residual nos terços cervical, médio e apical do canal radicular
Authors: Gesteira Maria De Fátima Malvar , Silva Silvio José Albergaria da , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de , Lenzi Henrique , Rocha Maria Celina B. Siquara da
Published: May 2018

Concluída a instrumentação, é possível constatar a deposição, na superfície dentinária, de um extrato de material orgânico e inorgânico de aparência amorfa, superfície irregular e granulosa, denominado camada residual. Com o presente estudo, buscou-se analisar, in vitro, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, o efeito do EDTA, nas concentrações de 3%, 5%, 10% e 17%, na remoção da camada residual e na desobstrução dos túbulos dentinários. Da amostra constituída de 80 dentes, foram selecionados randomicamente 8 unidades para compor o grupo controle negativo (GC1) e 8 para constituir o grupo controle positivo (GC2); os 64 restantes compuseram os 8 grupos experimentais (GExp). Após a instrumentação do canal radicular, foi realizada a irrigação final com as soluções de EDTA em teste. A análise das fotomicrografias com magnitude de 2000X revela que o terço apical apresentou grau de limpeza inferior aos terços cervical e médio.
Fungos anaeróbios
Authors: Ximenes Eduardo De Aquino
Published: May 2018

A descoberta de fungos anaeróbios obrigatórios no rume de ovelha por Orpin, em 1975, impulsionou estudos sobre tais microrganismos em laboratórios de diferentes partes do mundo. Estes estudos têm mostrado que os fungos anaeróbios não contêm mitocôndrias; em vez disso, apresentam organelas conhecidas como hidrogenossomas, que estão envolvidas na geração de energia. Estes fungos ainda produzem enzimas que são encontradas sob a forma de um complexo multiprotéico de alta massa molecular, similar ao celulossoma produzido por bactérias anaeróbias, ou individualmente. Diferentes enzimas hidrolíticas, produzidas por variadas espécies destes fungos, principalmente celulolíticas e hemicelulolíticas, têm sido isoladas e caracterizadas. Estas enzimas, em geral, têm atividades específicas similares ou maiores do que outras produzidas por fontes aeróbias correspondentes, tendo, portanto, grande potencial para aplicação industrial.
Editorial
Authors: Araújo Maria Thereza Barral
Published: May 2018

Editorial
Perfil epidemiológico do câncer infantil em população atendida por uma unidade de oncologia pediátrica em Salvador-Bahia
Authors: Diniz Andrea Borges , Regis Catarina De Andrade , Brito Nilma Pimentel de , Conceição Lílian Souza , Moreira Lilia Maria Azevedo
Published: May 2018

O câncer na infância é um evento raro, que representa cerca de 1% das neoplasias diagnosticadas nos países em desenvolvimento. O planejamento de medidas preventivas requer estudos epidemiológicos em diferentes áreas geográficas, os quais ainda são insuficientes para a definição de ocorrência, distribuição e fatores de risco da doença. Este trabalho descreve o perfil epidemiológico do câncer infantil em uma unidade de oncologia pediátrica de Salvador. Foram tomados para o estudo os prontuários dos pacientes admitidos na instituição no período de 1995 a 2003. Dos 465 pacientes estudados, 57,8% eram do sexo masculino, 50,8% eram pardos e 40,1% eram naturais da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Os tipos de câncer mais freqüentes foram as leucemiùs, seguidas pelos linfomas e osteossarcomas, 39,5%, 18,9% e 9,9% respectivamente. Como principais causas de óbito, destacaram-se, em ordem decrescente: leucemias, osteossarcomas, linfomas e neuroblastoma. A sobrevida global livre de doença no período representou 51% da população estudada, o número de óbitos 38,3% e o número de abandonos de tratamento, 2,4%. Em 21% dos casos, havia relatos de outros casos de câncer na família e em 4% foi registrada exposição anterior a algum tipo de agente reconhecidamente tóxico. No entanto, a análise de possíveis fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias foi prejudicada em virtude da falta de registro desses aspectos na maioria dos prontuários analisados. São necessários novos estudos sobre o tema, que possam contribuir para a epidemiologia do câncer infantil e associar possíveis fatores de risco em áreas geográficas específicas.
Análise de sinais fenotípicos no reconhecimento precoce da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi
Authors: Matos Yara Guedes Machado de , Passos Eliane Costa , Carvalho Acácia Fernandes Lacerda de , Moreira Lília Maria Azevedo
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar uma possibilidade de combinação de traços fenotípicos, incluindo dermatóglifos, que possa ser utilizada como um método de triagem para a identificação de possíveis portadores da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi. Isso poderia permitir o encaminhamento para tratamentos precoces, que venham melhorar o desenvolvimento intelectual, a qualidade de vida e o convívio social, especialmente daqueles portadores que dependem da saúde pública e que não dispõem de condições para exames mais dispendiosos e especializados.
Avaliação da proteína C reativa em pacientes portadores de gengivite e periodontite crônica generalizada
Authors: Bittencourt Marília Da Silva Pereira , Terezan Marilisa Lugon Ferreira , Aquino Régia Bruna Martins
Published: May 2018

Uma relação positiva entre doença periodontal e o nível sérico elevado de proteína C reativa tem sido sugerida, assinalando que a avaliação dessa proteína de fase-aguda pode ser uma ferramenta de valor para identificar mudanças na saúde periodontal de pacientes, particularmente em indivíduos de alto risco a periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis séricos de proteína C reativa em pacientes portadores de gengivite e periodontite crônica e compará-los com os de pacientes periodontalmente saudáveis. 15 pacientes sistematicamente saudáveis (42±2,5anos) foram divididos em três grupos (gengivite, periodontite e controle), e foram submetidos ao exame periodontal e ao exame de proteína C reativa. A análise dos dados laboratoriais não mostrou alterações estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05%) nos níveis séricos de proteína C reativa entre os pacientes avaliados, exceto em um paciente do grupo de periodontite que possuía a condição periodontal mais severa e apresentou nível de proteína C reativa mais elevado (0,6mg/dl). Porém esse dado não obteve significância estatística (p=0,18). Os resultados sugerem que o nível elevado de proteína C reativa em pacientes periodontais pode estar relacionado com a severidade da doença; porém um aumento no número da amostra estudada deve ser considerado, a fim de reforçar o valor estatístico da diferença encontrada.
Etiopatogenia do cisto radicular. Parte I
Authors: Santos Luciano Cincurá Silva , Ramos Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves , Meira Thiago Martins , Figueiredo Claudia Roberta Leite Vieira de , Santos Jean Nunes dos
Published: May 2018

As lesões periapicais crônicas decorrem principalmente da infecção dos canais radiculares, devido à doença cárie. Sabese que o processo imuno-inflamatório é a base de formação dos granulomas dentários e cistos radiculares, favorecido pela defesa primária e mediado por células como macrófagos e neutrófilos, ou através de uma defesa específica, mediada por linfócitos e células apresentadoras de antígenos, como as Células de Langerhans. O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar os aspectos gerais sobre a etiopatogenia dos cistos radiculares, cuja complementação a respeito destas lesões e a avaliação morfológica das mesmas serão objeto da segunda parte deste estudo.
Development of a bsd‐blasticidin selection system in Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Soga Akira , Ko‐ketsu Mami , Fukumoto Shinya
Published: May 2018

Plasmodium berghei is used as a rodent model for the study of malaria. However, multiple genetic manipulations are restricted by the paucity of selectable markers. The bsd‐blasticidin selection system is widely used for eukaryotic cells; however, it could not previously be used for P. berghei due to toxicity to the rodent host. Here, we report the application of this selection system in P. berghei using an in vitro selection method. The desired bsd‐integrated mutants are enriched by more than 90% within 2 weeks when using this system. Furthermore, the bsd marker can be used sequentially with established pyrimethamine‐ and puromycin‐resistant markers. This system allows deeper understanding of malaria parasite biology through extensive genetic manipulation of P. berghei.
Understanding of the Ultrastable K‐Ion Storage of Carbonaceous Anode
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Yu , Xie Yihao , Tao Peng , Li Qinyi , Yan Chenglin
Published: May 2018

Carbon‐based materials are considered to be one of the most promising materials for negative electrodes of the future, because of their good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and environmental benignity. However, to date, the underlying principles of K‐ion storage in carbonaceous anodes remain elusive, which greatly hinders the development of such a category of anodes. Herein, the ultrastable K‐ion storage of carbonaceous anode through systematic analyses, including comprehensive electrochemical characterizations, kinetics calculations, and structural/compositional evolution mechanism studies, is theoretically elucidated and experimentally verified. Specifically, it is found that the uniquely envelope‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets with high pseudocapacitive could bring ultrastable storage of potassium ions, delivering a high initial reversible capacity of 367 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and retain 70.5 and 75.6% at current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1 after 1000th cycle, respectively. This study could enlighten researchers on further progress in the field of carbonaceous K‐ion battery negative electrode with a long cycle life.
Plant Sunscreen and Co(II)/(III) Porphyrins for UV‐Resistant and Thermally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: From Natural to Artificial
Authors: Cao Jing , Lv Xudong , Zhang Peng , Chuong Tracy T , Wu Binghui , Feng Xiaoxia , Shan Changfu , Liu Jiacheng , Tang Yu
Published: May 2018

The poor UV, thermal, and interfacial stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) makes it highly challenging for their technological application, and has drawn increasing attention to resolving the above issues. In nature, plants generally sustain long exposure to UV illumination without damage, which is attributed to the presence of the organic materials acting as sunscreens. Inspired by the natural phenomenon, a natural plant sunscreen, sinapoyl malate, an ester derivative of sinapic acid, is employed to modify the surface of electron transport materials (ETMs). The interfacial modification successfully resolved the UV stability and reduced the poor interfacial contact between ETM and perovskite. The best efficiency of fabricated PSCs is up to 19.6%. Furthermore, we employed a mixture of Co(II) and Co(III)‐based porphyrin compounds containing the excellent Co(II)/Co(III) redox couple to substitute the commonly used hole transport material, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spiro‐bifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), to resolve the thermal degradation of PSCs noted at and above 80 °C that originates from ion diffusion of I− and CH3NH3+ (MA+) ions from perovskite into spiro‐OMeTAD. Finally, the stable PSCs with the best efficiency up to 20.5% are successfully fabricated.
Monolithic Flexible Vertical GaN Light‐Emitting Diodes for a Transparent Wireless Brain Optical Stimulator
Authors: Lee Han Eol , Choi JeHyuk , Lee Seung Hyun , Jeong Minju , Shin Jung Ho , Joe Daniel J. , Kim DoHyun , Kim Chang Wan , Park Jung Hwan , Lee Jae Hee , Kim Daesoo , Shin Chan‐Soo , Lee Keon Jae
Published: May 2018

Flexible inorganic‐based micro light‐emitting diodes (µLEDs) are emerging as a significant technology for flexible displays, which is an important area for bilateral visual communication in the upcoming Internet of Things era. Conventional flexible lateral µLEDs have been investigated by several researchers, but still have significant issues of power consumption, thermal stability, lifetime, and light‐extraction efficiency on plastics. Here, high‐performance flexible vertical GaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated by silver nanowire networks and monolithic fabrication. Transparent, ultrathin GaN LED arrays adhere to a human fingernail and stably glow without any mechanical deformation. Experimental studies provide outstanding characteristics of the flexible vertical μLEDs (f‐VLEDs) with high optical power (30 mW mm−2), long lifetime (≈12 years), and good thermal/mechanical stability (100 000 bending/unbending cycles). The wireless light‐emitting system on the human skin is successfully realized by transferring the electrical power f‐VLED. Finally, the high‐density GaN f‐VLED arrays are inserted onto a living mouse cortex and operated without significant histological damage of brain.
Strain‐Driven and Layer‐Number‐Dependent Crossover of Growth Mode in van der Waals Heterostructures: 2D/2D Layer‐By‐Layer Horizontal Epitaxy to 2D/3D Vertical Reorientation
Authors: Choudhary Nitin , Chung Hee‐Suk , Kim Jung Han , Noh Chanwoo , Islam Md Ashraful , Oh Kyu Hwan , Coffey Kevin , Jung YounJoon , Jung Yeonwoong
Published: May 2018

Heterogeneously integrated 2D van der Waals (vdW) solids composed of compositionally distinct atomic layers are envisioned to exhibit exotic electrical/optical properties unattainable with their monocomponent counterparts. However, the underlying principle for their morphology‐controlled chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth and its associated growth variables have not been clarified, leaving their projected technological opportunities far from being realized. Herein, by employing tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanowires as a model system that uniquely enables the detailed atomic‐scale inspections of 2D/2D interfaces, the CVD growth mechanism of 2D molybdenum/tungsten disulfide vdW vertical stacks is studied. By employing extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization, an intriguing growth mode transition is identified in these materials, i.e., 2D/2D layer‐by‐layer horizontal epitaxy to 2D/3D vertical layer reorientation, and it is confirmed that it is driven by varying 2D layer numbers. Corroborating molecular dynamics simulations clarify that the internal strain accumulated during the course of 2D layers growth dictates the final growth mode, further supported by TEM strain map analysis. This study not only sheds a new insight on better understanding the growth principles for 2D vdW heterostructures but also offers important technical guidance on tailoring their functionalities toward exploring 2D/2D heterojunction devices.
A General Strategy for In Situ Growth of All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I, and Cl) Perovskite Nanocrystals in Polymer Fibers toward Significantly Enhanced Water/Thermal Stabilities
Authors: Liao Hao , Guo Shibo , Cao Sheng , Wang Lin , Gao Fengmei , Yang Zuobao , Zheng Jinju , Yang Weiyou
Published: May 2018

Currently, all‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I, and Cl) perovskites (IPs) are emerging as excellent candidate materials for exploring optoelectronic devices, due to their superior optical/electronic performances. However, their intrinsic poor stability greatly limits their practical applications. Here, a general strategy is reported for in situ growth of all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (IPNCs) in polymer fibers with highly uniform size and spatial distribution, which is based on one‐step electrospinning of solutions containing IPs precursors and polymers. It is verified that the IPNCs of CsPbX3 can be uniformly encapsulated within the polymer fibers with finely tuned compositions, by rationally adjusting the ratios of PbX2 and CsX salts in the raw solutions. Consequently, the photoluminescence (PL) emissions of CsPbX3@polymer fibers can be readily tuned to cover the whole visible range. The obtained CsPbBr3@polymer fibers exhibit fundamentally improved water/thermal stabilities with a PL quantum yield (QY) of 48%. Their PL QY retains beyond 70% of its original value after being immersed in water for 192 h and maintains over 50% after being heated at 80 °C for 120 min. Furthermore, the light emitting diodes with high brightness based on CsPbBr3@polymer fibers are constructed, suggesting their promising applications.
Charge Transfer Doping Modulated Raman Scattering and Enhanced Stability of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots on a ZnO Nanorod
Authors: Hu Liang , Amini Mozhgan N. , Wu Yunyi , Jin Zhengyuan , Yuan Jun , Lin Ruibin , Wu Jiahao , Dai Yanmeng , He Haiping , Lu Yangfan , Lu Jianguo , Ye Zhizhen , Han Su‐Ting , Ye Jian , Partoens Bart , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: May 2018

Black phosphorus (BP) has recently triggered an unprecedented interest in the 2D community. However, many of its unique properties are not exploited and the well‐known environmental vulnerability is not conquered. Herein, a type‐I mixed‐dimensional (0D‐1D) van der Waals heterojunction is developed, where three‐atomic‐layer BP quantum dots (QDs) are assembled on a single ZnO nanorod (NR). By adjusting the indium (In) content in ZnO NRs, the degree and even the direction of surface charge transfer doping within the heterojunction can be tuned, which result in selective Raman scattering enhancements between ZnO and BP. The maximal enhancement factor is determined as 4340 for BP QDs with sub‐ppm level. Furthermore, an unexpected long‐term ambient stability (more than six months) of BP QDs is revealed, which is ascribed to the electron doping from ZnO:In NRs. The first demonstration of selective Raman enhancements between two inorganic semiconductors as well as the improved stability of BP shed light on this emerging 2D material.
A Memory Structure with Different Control Gates
Authors: Dai Mingzhi , Guan Jianmin , Song Zhitang
Published: May 2018

Memory is a key and fundamental component in integrated circuits (IC). A dominant volatile memory is the dynamic random access memory (DRAM) with one transistor and one capacitor, whose footprint is comparable to about two transistors. Memory structure needs further simplification according to IC's scaling‐down requirement. However, most updated structures at present are still mainly limited in lab. Here, a memory structure with one transistor is demonstrated. The advantages of this new structure over conventional memory structures include the simplification of the structure by saving a capacitor space in DRAM, and thus the simplification of fabrication process. Typical characterization of the memory device is also performed, and very quick response time (≈1 ns), which is faster than most present memories in the foundry, that is, 2 ns or more, is reported. Both simulation and experiments are performed to explain the memory working mechanism. The memory programming functions are implemented through the junction caused by control gate. This structure could be scaled down by using lithography processes in the foundry, which could ensure a fair reliability and enable immediate applications for information technology electronics as a potential alternative candidate for DRAM.