bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern Kinesio Taping on Arm Swing, Balance, and Gait Parameters among Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moon Seo-Jeong , Han Sang-Yong , Park Dong-Hwan
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping on arm swing, balance, and gait parameters among chronic stroke patients. (2) Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomized into proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping during gait training (n = 14) and gait training (n = 14) groups. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping during gait training group employed proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping during 15 min treadmill-based gait training five times a week for four weeks, while the gait training group underwent the same gait training without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping. Arm swing angle was measured using the Image J program, static balance was assessed with an AMTI force plate, dynamic balance was evaluated through the Timed Up and Go test, and gait parameters were recorded using the GAITRite system and the Dynamic Gait Index. (3) Results: After 4 weeks of training, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping during gait training group exhibited significant improvements in all variables compared to the baseline (p < 0.05), whereas the gait training group did not show statistically significant differences in any variables (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern kinesio taping during gait training in enhancing arm swing angle, balance, and gait parameters.
Monoclonal Antibodies as a Therapeutic Strategy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in a Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Chun , Pan Yu-Ling , Chen Ying , Yang Tsung-Hsuan , Hsu Erh-Tung , Huang Yu-Ting , Chiang Ming-Hsien
Published: February 2024

The development of severe multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has recently intensified because of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), routine antibiotic administration is not recommended for patients with supposed or confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or pneumonia, unless bacterial infection is clinically suspected. However, recent studies have pointed out that the proportion of non-essential antibiotic use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains high. Therefore, the silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance remains a pressing issue regardless of the present threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent or delay entry into the postulated post-antibiotic era, the long-term advocacy for the rational use of antibiotics, the optimization of infection control procedures, and the development of new antibacterial agents and vaccines should be underscored as vital practices of the antibacterial toolbox. Recently, the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies has gradually received attention following the advancement of biotechnology as well as enhanced drug discovery and development in cancer research. Although decent progress has been made in laboratory-based research and promising results have been obtained following clinical trials of some of these products, challenges still exist in their widespread clinical applications. This article describes the current advantages of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies, the development of associated clinical trials, and some perceived future perspectives and challenges. Further, we anticipate the development of more therapeutic agents to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections as well as to increase the resilience of current or novel agents/strategies.
Microbial Pathway Thermodynamics: Stoichiometric Models Unveil Anabolic and Catabolic Processes
Authors: Ebenhöh Oliver , Ebeling Josha , Meyer Ronja , Pohlkotte Fabian , Nies Tim
Published: February 2024

The biotechnological exploitation of microorganisms enables the use of metabolism for the production of economically valuable substances, such as drugs or food. It is, thus, unsurprising that the investigation of microbial metabolism and its regulation has been an active research field for many decades. As a result, several theories and techniques were developed that allow for the prediction of metabolic fluxes and yields as biotechnologically relevant output parameters. One important approach is to derive macrochemical equations that describe the overall metabolic conversion of an organism and basically treat microbial metabolism as a black box. The opposite approach is to include all known metabolic reactions of an organism to assemble a genome-scale metabolic model. Interestingly, both approaches are rather successful at characterizing and predicting the expected product yield. Over the years, macrochemical equations especially have been extensively characterized in terms of their thermodynamic properties. However, a common challenge when characterizing microbial metabolism by a single equation is to split this equation into two, describing the two modes of metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. Here, we present strategies to systematically identify separate equations for anabolism and catabolism. Based on metabolic models, we systematically identify all theoretically possible catabolic routes and determine their thermodynamic efficiency. We then show how anabolic routes can be derived, and we use these to approximate biomass yield. Finally, we challenge the view of metabolism as a linear energy converter, in which the free energy gradient of catabolism drives the anabolic reactions.
Ultrafast Process Characterization of Laser-Induced Damage in Fused Silica Using Pump-Probe Shadow Imaging Techniques
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Zhang Jian , Wang Shengfei , Geng Feng , Zhang Qinghua , Cheng Jian , Chen Mingjun , Xu Qiao
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of laser-induced damage in fused silica using a time-resolved pump-probe (TRPP) shadowgraph. Three typical ultra-fast processes, laser-induced plasma evolution, shockwave propagation and material fracture splashing, were quantitatively investigated. The results indicate that the diameter of plasma is proportional to the pulse laser energy and increases linearly during the pulse laser duration with an expansion rate of approximately 6 km/s. The maximum shockwave velocity on the air side is 9 km/s, occurring at the end of the pulse duration, and then rapidly decreases due to air resistance, reaching approximately 1 km/s around a 300 ns delay. After hundreds of nanoseconds, there is a distinct particle splashing phenomenon, with the splashing particle speed distribution ranging from 0.15 km/s to 2.0 km/s. The particle sizes of the splashing particles range from 4 μm to 15 μm. Additionally, the smaller the delay, the faster the speed of the splashing particles. Overall, TRPP technology provides crucial insights into the temporal evolution of laser-induced damage in fused silica, contributing to a comprehensive understanding essential for optimizing the performance and safety of laser systems.
Iodine-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanocages without Templates Strategy for Boosting Zinc-Ion Storage by Nucleophilicity
Authors: Niu Ruiting , Fan Huailin , Ban Qingfu , Zhou Dezhi , Zhao Lekang , Yu Jiayuan , Chen Qifeng , Hu Xun
Published: February 2024

Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHCs) combining merits of battery-type and capacitive electrodes are considered to be a prospective candidate in energy storage systems. Tailor-made carbon cathodes with high zincophilicity and abundant physi/chemisorption sites are critical but it remains a great challenge to achieve both features by a sustainable means. Herein, a hydrogen-bonding interaction-guided self-assembly strategy is presented to prepare iodine-doped carbon nanocages without templates for boosting zinc-ion storage by nucleophilicity. The biomass ellagic acid contains extensional hydroxy and acyloxy groups with electron-donating ability, which interact with melamine and ammonium iodide to form organic supermolecules. The organic supermolecules further self-assemble into a nanocage-like structure with cavities under hydrothermal processes via hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking. The carbon nanocages as ZHCs cathodes enable the high approachability of zincophilic sites and low ion migration resistance resulting from the interconnected conductive network and nanoscale architecture. The experimental analyses and theoretical simulations reveal the pivotal role of iodine dopants. The I5−/I3− doping anions in carbon cathodes have a nucleophilicity to preferentially adsorb the Zn2+ cation by the formation of C+-I5−-Zn2+ and C+-I3−-Zn2+. Of these, the C+-I3− shows stronger bonding with Zn2+ than C+-I5−. As a result, the iodine-doped carbon nanocages produced via this template-free strategy deliver a high capacity of 134.2 mAh/g at 1 A/g and a maximum energy and power density of 114.1 Wh/kg and 42.5 kW/kg.
Piezoelectric Applications of Low-Dimensional Composites and Porous Materials
Authors: Luo Xiaoqiang , Li Qingbin , Wang Yichao
Published: February 2024

Low-dimensional (LD) materials, with atomically thin anisotropic structures, exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties, prominently featuring piezoelectricity resulting from the absence of centrosymmetry. This characteristic has led to diverse applications, including sensors, actuators, and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. While piezoelectric effects are observed across zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) LD materials, challenges such as effective charge separation and crystal structure imperfections limit their full potential. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions, with the integration of LD materials with polymers, ceramics, metals, and other porous materials proving a key strategy to significantly enhance piezoelectric properties. This review comprehensively covers recent advances in synthesizing and characterizing piezoelectric composites based on LD materials and porous materials. The synergistic combination of LD materials with other substances, especially porous materials, demonstrates notable performance improvements, addressing inherent challenges. The review also explores future directions and challenges in developing these composite materials, highlighting potential applications across various technological domains.
Fracture Performance Study of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Resin Matrix Composite Winding Layers under UV Aging Effect
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhou Feiyu , Zou Chao , Zhao Jianping
Published: February 2024

There is limited research on the fracture toughness of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials under accelerated UV aging conditions. In this study, the primary focus was on investigating the influence of varying durations of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at different temperatures on the Mode I, Mode II, and mixed-mode fracture toughness of CFRP laminates. The results indicate that with increasing UV aging duration, the material’s Mode I fracture toughness increases, while Mode II fracture toughness significantly decreases. The mixed-mode fracture toughness exhibits an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Furthermore, as the aging temperature increases, the change in the fracture toughness of the material is more obvious and the rate of change is faster. In addition, the crack expansion of the composite layer of crack-containing Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders was analyzed based on the extended finite element method in conjunction with the performance data after UV aging. The results reveal that cracks in the aged composite material winding layers become more sensitive, with lower initiation loads and longer crack propagation lengths under the same load. UV aging diminishes the overall load-bearing capacity and crack resistance of the hydrogen storage cylinder, posing increased safety risks during its operational service.
Electromyography-Based Biomechanical Cybernetic Control of a Robotic Fish Avatar
Authors: Montoya Martínez Manuel A. , Torres-Córdoba Rafael , Magid Evgeni , Martínez-García Edgar A.
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a cybernetic control and architectural framework for a robotic fish avatar operated by a human. The behavior of the robot fish is influenced by the electromyographic (EMG) signals of the human operator, triggered by stimuli from the surrounding objects and scenery. A deep artificial neural network (ANN) with perceptrons classifies the EMG signals, discerning the type of muscular stimuli generated. The research unveils a fuzzy-based oscillation pattern generator (OPG) designed to emulate functions akin to a neural central pattern generator, producing coordinated fish undulations. The OPG generates swimming behavior as an oscillation function, decoupled into coordinated step signals, right and left, for a dual electromagnetic oscillator in the fish propulsion system. Furthermore, the research presents an underactuated biorobotic mechanism of the subcarangiform type comprising a two-solenoid electromagnetic oscillator, an antagonistic musculoskeletal elastic system of tendons, and a multi-link caudal spine composed of helical springs. The biomechanics dynamic model and control for swimming, as well as the ballasting system for submersion and buoyancy, are deduced. This study highlights the utilization of EMG measurements encompassing sampling time and μ-volt signals for both hands and all fingers. The subsequent feature extraction resulted in three types of statistical patterns, namely, Ω,γ,λ, serving as inputs for a multilayer feedforward neural network of perceptrons. The experimental findings quantified controlled movements, specifically caudal fin undulations during forward, right, and left turns, with a particular emphasis on the dynamics of caudal fin undulations of a robot prototype.
Schatten Index of the Sectorial Operator via the Real Component of Its Inverse
Authors: Kukushkin Maksim V.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study spectral properties of non-self-adjoint operators with the discrete spectrum. The main challenge is to represent a complete description of belonging to the Schatten class through the properties of the Hermitian real component. The method of estimating the singular values is elaborated by virtue of the established asymptotic formulas. The latter fundamental result is advantageous since, of many theoretical statements based upon it, one of them is a concept on the root vectors series expansion, which leads to a wide spectrum of applications in the theory of evolution equations. In this regard, the evolution equations of fractional order with the sectorial operator in the term not containing the time variable are involved. The concrete well-known operators are considered and the advantage of the represented method is convexly shown.
Quality of Life of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ligocka Natalia , Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina , Wszołek Katarzyna , Wilczak Maciej , Tomczyk Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by multiple hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and disturbances in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of life of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to identify any factors within the study group that may impact the scores related to quality of life. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out among women diagnosed with PCOS. An original questionnaire, developed through an online Google Forms survey, was utilized as the research instrument and distributed through social networks and support groups to women facing PCOS. This study encompassed a participant pool of 200 women with PCOS, aged 24 years or older. For the analytical component, Pearson’s χ2 test was employed—a nonparametric test designed to assess the relationship between two variables measured on a qualitative scale. The chosen level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The analysis revealed that the quality of life of the women under study was not linked to the duration of the disease or comorbidities. However, a significant association was observed with the inconvenience caused by PCOS symptoms. Women experiencing very bothersome symptoms of PCOS reported a lower quality of life compared to those with symptoms rated as not very bothersome. Despite the majority of women with PCOS rating their quality of life as good or very good, they often find the associated symptoms of PCOS bothersome. Women reporting lower quality of life tend to acknowledge the impact of PCOS on their lives, experience a sense of lack of control over the disease, struggle with depression, and do not accept their physical appearance. Conclusions: Hence, the support from specialists like endocrinologists, gynecologists, and nutritionists becomes crucial for many women dealing with PCOS. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, incorporating a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity can assist in managing the troublesome symptoms of PCOS, thereby enhancing overall quality of life. In instances of emotional difficulties, seeking psychological support is equally important, and the significance of support and acceptance from loved ones should not be overlooked.
Effects of Resistant Starch Infusion, Solely and Mixed with Xylan or Cellulose, on Gut Microbiota Composition in Ileum-Cannulated Pigs
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Bai Yu , Wang Zhenyu , Ye Hao , Han Dandan , Zhao Jinbiao , Wang Junjun , Li Defa
Published: February 2024

Fermentation of dietary fiber (DF) is beneficial for gut health, but its prebiotic effects are often impeded in the distal large intestine because of the fast degradation of fermentable substrates. One way to enhance the prebiotic effect of DF is to deliver fibers to the lower parts of the gut, which can be achieved by mixing different kinds of fiber. Therefore, in the present study, an ileum-cannulated pig model was employed to investigate the fermentation influence in the large intestine by infusing resistant starch solely (RS, fast fermentable fiber) and mixing with other fibers (xylan or cellulose). Twenty-four ileum-cannulated growing pigs were divided into four groups: one control group receiving saline ileal infusions and three experimental groups infused with RS, RS with xylan, or RS with cellulose. Fecal and plasma samples were analyzed for gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and blood biochemistry. Results indicated no significant differences between the RS and control group for the microbiome and SCFA concentration (p > 0.05). However, RS combined with fibers, particularly xylan, resulted in enhanced and prolonged fermentation, marked by an increase in Blautia and higher lactate and acetate production (p < 0.05). In contrast, RS with cellulose infusion enriched bacterial diversity in feces (p < 0.05). Blood biochemistry parameters showed no significant differences across groups (p > 0.05), though a trend of increased glucose levels was noted in the treatment groups (p < 0.1). Overall, RS alone had a limited impact on the distal hindgut microbiota due to rapid fermentation in the proximal gut, whereas combining RS with other fibers notably improved gut microecology by extending the fermentation process.
Epidemiology of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among Children and Adults Seeking Care at Hospitals in Two Geographically Distinct Rural Areas in Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Subhra , Johura Fatema-Tuz , Sultana Marzia , Zhang Xueyan , Sadique Abdus , George Christine , Monira Shirajum , Sack David , Sack Richard , Alam Munirul
Published: February 2024

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections undeniably continue to have substantial morbidity and mortality in younger children; however, limited data are available on the disease burden of older children and adults and on ETEC epidemiology by geographical location at the subnational level. Facility-based surveillance over the years was established to identify patients with ETEC diarrhea in two geographically distinct areas in rural Bangladesh, Chhatak in the north and Mathbaria in the southern coastal area. ETEC was highly prevalent in both areas, while the proportions, toxin types and colonization factors varied by location, season and age groups. Children < 5 years old and adults between 20 and 60 years old were at the highest risk of ETEC diarrhea which required urgent care. This study underscores the importance of capturing subnational and seasonal variations in ETEC epidemiology. ETEC vaccine developers and public health stakeholders may need to target adults between 20 and 60 years of age in addition to young children as new vaccines currently under development become licensed and introduction begins.
Efficacy of Crataegus Extract Mixture on Body Fat and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Adults: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Song Jungbin , Kim Do-Yeon , Lee Han Songyi , Rhee Sang Youl , Lim Hyunjung
Published: February 2024

A Crataegus Extract Mixture (CEM) is a combination of extracts from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves and Citrus unshiu peels, well-known herbs used for treating obesity and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a CEM on the body fat and lipid profiles in overweight adults. A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted on 105 subjects aged 20–60 years with body mass indexes between 25 and 30 kg/m2. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either a high dose of the CEM (400 mg tid), a low dose of the CEM (280 mg tid), or a placebo. Body fat was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometric measurements. The blood lipid and adipokine profiles were measured before and after the administration. After 12 weeks, the reductions in the fat percentages measured by DXA and BIA were significantly greater in the CEM groups than in the placebo group. The CEM also significantly decreased the body weights, body mass indexes, and blood leptin levels. An additional per-protocol analysis revealed that the high dose of the CEM also lowered the blood levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No adverse events occurred after the CEM treatment. Our results suggest that CEMs are safe and effective for reducing the body fat and body weight and regulating the blood lipid and leptin levels in overweight or mildly obese individuals.
A Plant-Based Cholesterol-Lowering Diet Score Correlates with Serum LDL-Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Polesel Jerry , Di Maso Matteo , Esposito Giovanna , Vitale Sara , Palumbo Elvira , Porciello Giuseppe , Calabrese Ilaria , Minopoli Anita , Grilli Bruna , Cavalcanti Ernesta , Serraino Diego , Celentano Egidio , Jenkins David J. A. , Augustin Livia S. A.
Published: February 2024

Background: A cholesterol-lowering diet score was previously developed for epidemiological studies; its association with serum lipid profile was not confirmed yet. Methods: The score was developed as an adaptation of the dietary portfolio for cholesterol reduction, assigning one point for adherence to seven dietary indicators and ranging from 0 (null adherence) to 7 (highest adherence). The score was calculated for breast cancer patients enrolled in the DEDiCa study using a 7-day food record; serum lipid profile, including total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was evaluated in serum at baseline. Results: Patients with the highest adherence to the cholesterol-lowering diet (i.e., score ≥ 4) reported lower LDL-C level than women with score 0–1 (median: 107 mg/dL and 122 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.01). The proportion of women with LDL-C above the recommended limit of 116 mg/dL was 60.0% with score 0–1 and 42.6% with score ≥4. Although the score directly correlates with consumption of foods from vegetal sources, it was mildly associated with the healthful plant-based diet index (r-Spearman = 0.51) and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (r-Spearman = 0.30) Conclusions: These results provide experimental evidence that the cholesterol-lowering diet score is capable of detecting a specific plant-based dietary pattern that affects circulating cholesterol levels.
Nourishing the Mind: How Food Security Influences Mental Wellbeing
Authors: Ejiohuo Ovinuchi , Onyeaka Helen , Unegbu Kingsley C. , Chikezie Obinna G. , Odeyemi Omowale A. , Lawal Adebola , Odeyemi Olumide A.
Published: February 2024

Food insecurity is a significant public health problem worldwide and critical to mental health. There is a complex relationship between food security and mental health. We carried out a narrative review study aiming to address how food insecurity impacts mental wellbeing by focusing on the mental health repercussions of food insecurity, recognizing its pivotal role in attaining Sustainable Development Goals 2 (on hunger) and 3 (on enhancing global wellbeing). A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, incorporating Google searches for pertinent reports and policy documents. To address these questions, we emphasized and elucidated the interconnectedness between food security and mental health. The review shows that food security and mental health share a profound relationship influenced by multifaceted factors like socioeconomic conditions, access to nutritious food, and societal inequalities. We then provide recommendations for integrating food security into mental health strategies based on the insights and conclusions drawn. Strategies ranging from sustainable farming practices to urban agriculture initiatives and digital mental health services demonstrate avenues for enhancing food safety and mental wellbeing. This highlights the need for collaborative interdisciplinary efforts and systemic reforms to address these interconnected challenges.
Antibacterial Potential of Essential Oils and Silver Nanoparticles against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates
Authors: Meroni Gabriele , Laterza Giulia , Tsikopoulos Alexios , Tsikopoulos Konstantinos , Vitalini Sara , Scaglia Barbara , Iriti Marcello , Bonizzi Luigi , Martino Piera Anna , Soggiu Alessio
Published: February 2024

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emergent zoonotic agent associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). This work aimed to describe the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against 15 S. pseudintermedius strains isolated from pyoderma. The four EOs, namely Rosmarinus officinalis (RO), Juniperus communis (GI), Citrus sinensis (AR), and Abies alba (AB), and AgNPs were used alone and in combination to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All strains were MDR and methicillin-resistant. Among the antibiotic cohort, only rifampicin, doxycycline, and amikacin were effective. EOs’ chemical analysis revealed 124 compounds belonging to various chemical classes. Of them, 35 were found in AR, 75 in AB, 77 in GI, and 57 in RO. The monoterpenic fraction prevailed over the sesquiterpenic in all EOs. When EOs were tested alone, AB showed the lowest MIC followed by GI, AR, and RO (with values ranging from 1:128 to 1:2048). MBC increased in the following order: AB, AR, GI, and RO (with values ranging from 1:512 to 1:2048). MIC and MBC values for AgNPs were 10.74 mg/L ± 4.23 and 261.05 mg/L ± 172.74. In conclusion, EOs and AgNPs could limit the use of antibiotics or improve the efficacy of conventional therapies.
Human Adenovirus Entry and Early Events during Infection of Primary Murine Neurons: Immunofluorescence Studies In Vitro
Authors: Słońska Anna , Miedzińska Aleksandra , Chodkowski Marcin , Bąska Piotr , Mielnikow Aleksandra , Bartak Michalina , Bańbura Marcin W. , Cymerys Joanna
Published: February 2024

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen, which can lead to various clinical symptoms and—in some cases—central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions, such as encephalitis and meningitis. Although the initial events of virus entry have already been identified in various cell types, the mechanism of neuronal uptake of adenoviruses is relatively little understood. The aim of this study was to investigate early events during adenoviral infection, in particular to determine the connection between cellular coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), clathrin, caveolin, and early endosomal proteins (EEA1 and Rab5) with the entry of HAdVs into primary murine neurons in vitro. An immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy analysis were carried out to determine HAdV4, 5, and 7 correlation with CAR, clathrin, caveolin, and early endosomal proteins in neurons. The quantification of Pearson’s coefficient between CAR and HAdVs indicated that the HAdV4 and HAdV5 types correlated with CAR and that the correlation was more substantial for HAdV5. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis using chlorpromazine limited the infection with HAdV, whereas inhibition of caveolin-mediated endocytosis did not affect virus entry. Thus, the entry of tested HAdV types into neurons was most likely associated with clathrin but not caveolin. It was also demonstrated that HAdVs correlate with the Rab proteins (EEA1, Rab5) present in early vesicles, and the observed differences in the manner of correlation depended on the serotype of the virus. With our research, we strove to expand knowledge regarding the mechanism of HAdV entry into neurons, which may be beneficial for developing potential therapeutics in the future.
Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Benzofuran–Indole Hybrids as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Yechan , Lee Sunhee , Lee Younho , Song Doona , Park So-Hyeon , Kim Jieun , Namkung Wan , Kim Ikyon
Published: February 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), also known as ErbB1 and HER1, belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. EGFR serves as the primary driver in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC. In this study, we synthesized a novel chemical library based on a benzofuran–indole hybrid scaffold and identified 8aa as a potent and selective EGFR inhibitor. Interestingly, 8aa not only showed selective anticancer effects against NSCLC cell lines, PC9, and A549, but it also showed significant inhibitory effects against the double mutant L858R/T790M EGFR, which frequently occurs in NSCLC. In addition, in PC9 and A549 cells, 8aa potently blocked the EGFR signaling pathway, cell viability, and cell migration. These findings suggest that 8aa, a benzofuran–indole hybrid derivative, is a novel EGFR inhibitor that may be a potential candidate for the treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
Soil Moisture Conservation through Crop Diversification and Related Ecosystem Services in a Blown-Sand Area with High Drought Hazard
Authors: Lóczy Dénes , Dezső József , Weidinger Tamás , Horváth László , Pirkhoffer Ervin , Czigány Szabolcs
Published: February 2024

Soil moisture reserves are a key factor in maintaining soil fertility and all other related ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration, soil biodiversity, and soil erosion control). In semiarid blown-sand areas under aridification, water preservation is a particularly crucial task for agriculture. The international Diverfarming project (2017–2022), within the EU Horizon 2020 Program, focused on the impacts of crop diversification and low-input practices in all pedoclimatic regions of Europe. In this three-year experiment conducted in the Pannonian region, the impact of intercropping asparagus with different herbs on some provisioning and regulating ecosystem services was evaluated in the Kiskunság sand regions. Relying on findings based on a range of measured physical and chemical soil parameters and on crop yields and qualitative properties, advice was formulated for farmers. The message drawn from the experiment is somewhat ambiguous. The local farmers agree that crop diversification improves soil quality, but deny that it would directly influence farm competitiveness, which primarily depends on cultivation costs (such as fertilization, plant protection, and labour). Further analyses are needed to prove the long-term benefits of diversification through enriching soil microbial life and through the possible reduction of fertilizer use, while water demand is kept at a low level and the same crop-quality is ensured.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter in Five Health Centers in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Arifalo Kikelomo Mabinuola , Adamu Ademola , Kenni Amoke Monisola
Published: February 2024

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM) concentrations, focusing on PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in five primary health centers (PHCs): Arakale (Urban), the Federal College of Agriculture (FECA) (Urban), Iju (semi-urban), Oba-Ile (semi-urban), and Owode (Rural) within Akure local government areas in Nigeria. The primary novelty of this research lies in its detailed exploration of the toxicity potential of these PM fractions, providing valuable insights into the local air quality and associated health risks. This study assesses the health implications by calculating the toxicity potential (TP), relative risk (RR), excess risk (ER), and attributable fractions (Afs) for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. The results reveal varying RR values for all-cause mortality, with Arakale showing a slight elevation (RR: 1.061), indicating potential health risks. ER values for cardiopulmonary mortality range from 14.728 ± 7.25 to 19.04 ± 0.38, emphasizing the substantial excess risk associated with long-term PM2.5 exposure. The study also uncovers Afs for cardiopulmonary mortality ranging between 11.03 ± 0.31 and 19.22 ± 0.04, underscoring the significant contribution of PM to cardiovascular and respiratory health risks. Similarly, Afs for lung cancer mortality range from 10.03 ± 0.012 to 17.13 ± 0.10, highlighting the substantial association between PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer risk. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions in the studied locations to mitigate the heightened health risks associated with particulate matter pollution. The calculated RR, ER, and AF values offer crucial insights into the complex relationship between PM exposure and adverse health outcomes, providing a foundation for informed decision-making and future research endeavors.
Research on the Resource Treatment and Comprehensive Utilization of Carbon Containing Wastes Using Pyrolysis–Gasification Two-Stage Recycling
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Xiang , Yan Shubin , Luo Yunxia
Published: February 2024

Carbon containing waste has a certain calorific value and utilization value due to the presence of carbon elements. However, the current treatment methods are mostly traditional landfill disposal, incineration, or expensive physical and chemical reaction methods, which clearly do not comply with the rules of the current clean and resource-saving society. In this paper, a new technology and system for carbon containing wastes is proposed, which comprehensively treats and recycles carbon containing wastes, including solid waste, wastewater, waste gas, etc., using pyrolysis–gasification two-stage-cycle technology. The calculation results indicate that the technical scheme proposed in this article is feasible and can achieve the recycling of intermediate and final products, the efficient and clean utilization of carbon containing waste, and the graded utilization of energy. The clean utilization rate of carbon containing waste can be effectively improved, the energy consumption and cost of separate treatments can be reduced, and zero waste emissions can be completely achieved by the comprehensive pyrolysis–gasification two-stage-cycle treatment and resource utilization technology, which is one of the preferred solutions for future resource-saving societies.
Characterizing the Early Acidic Response in Advanced Small Modular Reactors Cooled with High-Temperature, High-Pressure Water
Authors: Sultana Abida , Meesungnoen Jintana , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul
Published: February 2024

Utilizing Monte Carlo multi-track chemistry simulations along with a cylindrical instantaneous pulse (Dirac) irradiation model, we assessed the initial acidic response in both subcritical and supercritical water under high radiation dose rates. This investigation spans a temperature range of 300 to 500 °C at a nominal pressure of 25 MPa, aligning with the operational conditions anticipated in proposed supercritical water (SCW)-cooled small modular reactors (SCW-SMRs). A pivotal finding from our study is the observation of a significant ‘acid spike’ effect, which shows a notable intensification in response to increasing radiation dose rates. Our results bring to light the potential risks posed by this acidity, which could potentially foster a corrosive environment and thereby increase the risk of accelerated material degradation in reactor components.
Multiscale Feature Extraction U-Net for Infrared Dim- and Small-Target Detection
Authors: Wang Xiaozhen , Han Chengshan , Li Jiaqi , Nie Ting , Li Mingxuan , Wang Xiaofeng , Huang Liang
Published: February 2024

The technology of infrared dim- and small-target detection is irreplaceable in many fields, such as those of missile early warning systems and forest fire prevention, among others. However, numerous components interfere with infrared imaging, presenting challenges for achieving successful detection of infrared dim and small targets with a low rate of false alarms. Hence, we propose a new infrared dim- and small-target detection network, Multiscale Feature Extraction U-Net for Infrared Dim- and Small-Target Detection (MFEU-Net), which can accurately detect targets in complex backgrounds. It uses the U-Net structure, and the encoders and decoders consist of ReSidual U-block and Inception, allowing rich multiscale feature information to be extracted. Thus, the effectiveness of algorithms in detecting very small-sized targets can be improved. In addition, through the multidimensional channel and spatial attention mechanism, the model can be adjusted to focus more on the target area in the image, improving its extraction of target information and detection performance in different scenarios. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other advanced algorithms in detection performance. On the MFIRST, SIRST, and IRSTD-1k datasets, we achieved detection rates of 0.864, 0.962, and 0.965; IoU values of 0.514, 0.671, and 0.630; and false alarm rates of 3.08 × 10−5, 2.61 × 10−6, and 1.81 × 10−5, respectively.
Field Programmable Gate Array-Based Smart Switch to Avoid Inrush Current in PV Installations
Authors: Martínez-Figueroa Gerardo de J. , Córcoles Felipe , Bogarra Santiago
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces an FPGA-based implementation of a smart switch designed to avoid inrush currents occurring during the connection of single-phase transformers utilized in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The magnitude of inrush currents is notably impacted by the residual flux within the transformer core and the precise moment of energization relative to the wave cycle. Alternative methods frequently hinge on intricate procedures to estimate residual flux. This challenge is adeptly circumvented by the innovative smart control system proposed herein, rendering it a cost-effective solution for grid-connected PV systems. The proposed solution for mitigating inrush current remains effective, even in the face of challenges with current and voltage sensors. This resilience arises from the system’s ability to learn and adapt by leveraging information acquired from the network.
Optimized OTSU Segmentation Algorithm-Based Temperature Feature Extraction Method for Infrared Images of Electrical Equipment
Authors: Liu Xueli , Zhang Zhanlong , Hao Yuefeng , Zhao Hui , Yang Yu
Published: February 2024

Infrared image processing is an effective method for diagnosing faults in electrical equipment, in which target device segmentation and temperature feature extraction are key steps. Target device segmentation separates the device to be diagnosed from the image, while temperature feature extraction analyzes whether the device is overheating and has potential faults. However, the segmentation of infrared images of electrical equipment is slow due to issues such as high computational complexity, and the temperature information extracted lacks accuracy due to the insufficient consideration of the non-linear relationship between the image grayscale and temperature. Therefore, in this study, we propose an optimized maximum between-class variance thresholding method (OTSU) segmentation algorithm based on the Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm, which accelerates the segmentation speed by optimizing the threshold determination process using OTSU. The experimental results show that compared to the non-optimized method, the optimized segmentation method increases the threshold calculation time by more than 83.99% while maintaining similar segmentation results. Based on this, to address the issue of insufficient accuracy in temperature feature extraction, we propose a temperature value extraction method for infrared images based on the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional linear methods, this method achieves a 73.68% improvement in the maximum residual absolute value of the extracted temperature values and a 78.95% improvement in the average residual absolute value.
Finger Vein Identification Based on Large Kernel Convolution and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Li Meihui , Gong Yufei , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: February 2024

FV (finger vein) identification is a biometric identification technology that extracts the features of FV images for identity authentication. To address the limitations of CNN-based FV identification, particularly the challenge of small receptive fields and difficulty in capturing long-range dependencies, an FV identification method named Let-Net (large kernel and attention mechanism network) was introduced, which combines local and global information. Firstly, Let-Net employs large kernels to capture a broader spectrum of spatial contextual information, utilizing deep convolution in conjunction with residual connections to curtail the volume of model parameters. Subsequently, an integrated attention mechanism is applied to augment information flow within the channel and spatial dimensions, effectively modeling global information for the extraction of crucial FV features. The experimental results on nine public datasets show that Let-Net has excellent identification performance, and the EER and accuracy rate on the FV_USM dataset can reach 0.04% and 99.77%. The parameter number and FLOPs of Let-Net are only 0.89M and 0.25G, which means that the time cost of training and reasoning of the model is low, and it is easier to deploy and integrate into various applications.
Evaluating User Perceptions of a Vibrotactile Feedback System in Trunk Stabilization Exercises: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Floessel Philipp , Lüneburg Lisa-Marie , Schneider Julia , Pohnert Nora , Foerster Justin , Kappert Franz , Lachmann Doris , Krzywinski Jens , Platz Uwe , Disch Alexander Carl
Published: February 2024

Low back pain patients often have deficits in trunk stability. For this reason, many patients receive physiotherapy treatment, which represents an enormous socio-economic burden. Training at home could reduce these costs. The problem here is the lack of correction of the exercise execution. Therefore, this feasibility study investigates the applicability of a vibrotactile-controlled feedback system for trunk stabilisation exercises. A sample of 13 healthy adults performed three trunk stabilisation exercises. Exercise performance was corrected by physiotherapists using vibrotactile feedback. The NASA TLX questionnaire was used to assess the practicability of the vibrotactile feedback. The NASA TLX questionnaire shows a very low global workload 40.2 [29.3; 46.5]. The quality of feedback perception was perceived as good by the subjects, varying between 69.2% (anterior hip) and 92.3% (lower back). 80.8% rated the feedback as helpful for their training. On the expert side, the results show a high rating of movement quality. The positive evaluations of the physiotherapists and the participants on using the vibrotactile feedback system indicate that such a system can reduce the trainees fear of independent training and support the users in their training. This could increase training adherence and long-term success.
Impact of PCA Pre-Normalization Methods on Ground Reaction Force Estimation Accuracy
Authors: Kammoun Amal , Ravier Philippe , Buttelli Olivier
Published: February 2024

Ground reaction force (GRF) components can be estimated using insole pressure sensors. Principal component analysis in conjunction with machine learning (PCA-ML) methods are widely used for this task. PCA reduces dimensionality and requires pre-normalization. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of twelve pre-normalization methods using three PCA-ML methods on the accuracy of GRF component estimation. Accuracy was assessed using laboratory data from gold-standard force plate measurements. Data were collected from nine subjects during slow- and normal-speed walking activities. We tested the ANN (artificial neural network) and LS (least square) methods while also exploring support vector regression (SVR), a method not previously examined in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. In the context of our work, our results suggest that the same normalization method can produce the worst or the best accuracy results, depending on the ML method. For example, the body weight normalization method yields good results for PCA-ANN but the worst performance for PCA-SVR. For PCA-ANN and PCA-LS, the vector standardization normalization method is recommended. For PCA-SVR, the mean method is recommended. The final message is not to define a normalization method a priori independently of the ML method.
Excessive Oxygen Administration in High-Risk Patients Admitted to Medical and Surgical Wards Monitored by Wireless Pulse Oximeter
Authors: Mathar Clara E. , Haahr-Raunkjær Camilla , Elvekjær Mikkel , Gu Ying , Holm Claire P. , Achiam Michael P. , Jorgensen Lars N. , Aasvang Eske K. , Meyhoff Christian S.
Published: February 2024

The monitoring of oxygen therapy when patients are admitted to medical and surgical wards could be important because exposure to excessive oxygen administration (EOA) may have fatal consequences. We aimed to investigate the association between EOA, monitored by wireless pulse oximeter, and nonfatal serious adverse events (SAEs) and mortality within 30 days. We included patients in the Capital Region of Copenhagen between 2017 and 2018. Patients were hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) or after major elective abdominal cancer surgery, and all were treated with oxygen supply. Patients were divided into groups by their exposure to EOA: no exposure, exposure for 1–59 min or exposure over 60 min. The primary outcome was SAEs or mortality within 30 days. We retrieved data from 567 patients for a total of 43,833 h, of whom, 63% were not exposed to EOA, 26% had EOA for 1–59 min and 11% had EOA for ≥60 min. Nonfatal SAEs or mortality within 30 days developed in 24%, 12% and 22%, respectively, and the adjusted odds ratio for this was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–1.01) for every 10 min. increase in EOA, without any subgroup effects. In conclusion, we did not observe higher frequencies of nonfatal SAEs or mortality within 30 days in patients exposed to excessive oxygen administration.