bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Response of Dynamical Systems with Fractional Derivative Term under Wide-Band Excitation
Authors: Zhao Jun-Feng
Published: November 2016

Transient solution of a fractional stochastic dynamical system under wide-band noise excitation is investigated. Generalized Harmonic Balance technique is firstly used to approximate restoring force of the given system as an amplitude-dependent form. In this way, stochastic averaging method then can be applied to transform the system into an Ito differential equation. Furthermore, the fractional derivative in the integral-differential form can be equivalent to a combination of periodic functions after the averaging procedure. As the following, Galerkin method therein is utilized to obtain the transient probability density functions by solving associated Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation. As an example, the Rayleigh oscillator is studied to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approaches. Numerical results show that exact stationary solution and transient solution derived from Galerkin method are in good agreement with those from Monte Carlo Simulation.
Vitamin D3 Prevents Calcium-Induced Progression of Early-Stage Prostate Tumors by Counteracting TRPC6 and Calcium Sensing Receptor Upregulation
Authors: Bernichtein Sophie , Pigat Natascha , Barry Delongchamps Nicolas , Boutillon Florence , Verkarre Virginie , Camparo Philippe , Reyes-Gomez Edouard , Méjean Arnaud , Oudard Stéphane M. , Lepicard Eve M. , Viltard Mélanie , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Friedlander Gérard , Capiod Thierry , Goffin Vincent
Published: November 2016

Active surveillance has emerged as an alternative to immediate treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Accordingly, identification of environmental factors that facilitate progression to more aggressive stages is critical for disease prevention. Although calcium-enriched diets have been speculated to increase prostate cancer risk, their impact on early-stage tumors remains unexplored. In this study, we addressed this issue with a large interventional animal study. Mouse models of fully penetrant and slowly evolving prostate tumorigenesis showed that a high calcium diet dramatically accelerated the progression of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, by promoting cell proliferation, micro-invasion, tissue inflammation, and expression of acknowledged prostate cancer markers. Strikingly, dietary vitamin D prevented these calcium-triggered tumorigenic effects. Expression profiling and in vitro mechanistic studies showed that stimulation of PC-3 cells with extracellular Ca2+ resulted in an increase in cell proliferation rate, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) amplitude, cationic channel TRPC6, and calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) expression. Notably, administration of the active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol reversed all these effects. Silencing CaSR or TRPC6 expression in calcium-stimulated PC3 cells decreased cell proliferation and SOCE. Overall, our results demonstrate the protective effects of vitamin D supplementation in blocking the progression of early-stage prostate lesions induced by a calcium-rich diet. Cancer Res; 77(2); 355–65. ©2016 AACR.
Basophils Promote Tumor Rejection via Chemotaxis and Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Sektioglu Ibrahim M. , Carretero Rafael , Bulbuc Nadja , Bald Tobias , Tüting Thomas , Rudensky Alexander Y. , Hämmerling Günter J.
Published: November 2016

Elevated numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg) in patient tumors are known to inhibit efficient antitumor T-cell responses. To study the mechanisms controlling tumor rejection, we assessed different mouse models for Treg depletion. In Foxp3DTR knock-in mice, about 99% Treg depletion was achieved, resulting in complete rejection of transplanted HCmel12 melanomas in a CD8+ T-cell–dependent way. In contrast, about 90% Treg depletion obtained in BAC transgenic Foxp3.LuciDTR4 mice failed to induce complete rejection of HCmel12 melanomas, demonstrating that residual Tregs were able to control CD8+ T-cell responses against the tumor. Ninety-nine percent of Treg depletion provoked drastic changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as strong infiltration of CD8+ T cells and basophils. Intratumoral basophils enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration via production of chemokines CCL3 and CCL4; antibody-based blocking of these chemokines inhibited CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Therapeutic induction of basophilia by IL3/anti-IL3 antibody complexes, combined with transfer of CD8+ T cells, resulted in enhanced T-cell infiltration and tumor rejection. Our study identifies a critical role basophils play in tumor rejection and that this role can be exploited for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 77(2); 291–302. ©2016 AACR.
IL6 Signaling in Peripheral Blood T Cells Predicts Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Miyahira Andrea K. , Simons Diana L. , Lu Xuyang , Chang Andrew Y. , Wang Carrie , Suni Maria A. , Maino Vernon C. , Dirbas Frederick M. , Yim John , Waisman James , Lee Peter P.
Published: November 2016

IL6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, which acts directly on cancer cells to promote their survival and proliferation. Elevated serum IL6 levels negatively correlate with survival of cancer patients, which is generally attributed to the direct effects of IL6 on cancer cells. How IL6 modulates the host immune response in cancer patients is unclear. Here, we show the IL6 signaling response in peripheral blood T cells is impaired in breast cancer patients and is associated with blunted Th17 differentiation. The mechanism identified involved downregulation of gp130 and IL6Rα in breast cancer patients and was independent of plasma IL6 levels. Importantly, defective IL6 signaling in peripheral blood T cells at diagnosis correlated with worse relapse-free survival. These results indicate that intact IL6 signaling in T cells is important for controlling cancer progression. Furthermore, they highlight a potential for IL6 signaling response in peripheral blood T cells at diagnosis as a predictive biomarker for clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1119–26. ©2016 AACR.
Breast Cancer Resistance to Antiestrogens Is Enhanced by Increased ER Degradation and ERBB2 Expression
Authors: Shibata Tomohiro , Watari Kosuke , Izumi Hiroto , Kawahara Akihiko , Hattori Satoshi , Fukumitsu Chihiro , Murakami Yuichi , Takahashi Ryuji , Toh Uhi , Ito Ken-ichi , Ohdo Shigehiro , Tanaka Maki , Kage Masayoshi , Kuwano Michihiko , Ono Mayumi
Published: November 2016

Endocrine therapies effectively improve the outcomes of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, the emergence of drug-resistant tumors creates a core clinical challenge. In breast cancer cells rendered resistant to the antiestrogen fulvestrant, we defined causative mechanistic roles for the transcription factor YBX1 and the levels of ER and the ERBB2 receptor. Enforced expression of YBX1 in parental cells conferred resistance against tamoxifen and fulvestrant in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, YBX1 overexpression was associated with decreased and increased levels of ER and ERBB2 expression, respectively. In antiestrogen-resistant cells, increased YBX1 phosphorylation was associated with a 4-fold higher degradation rate of ER. Notably, YBX1 bound the ER, leading to its accelerated proteasomal degradation, and induced the transcriptional activation of ERBB2. In parallel fashion, tamoxifen treatment also augmented YBX1 binding to the ERBB2 promoter to induce increased ERBB2 expression. Together, these findings define a mechanism of drug resistance through which YBX1 contributes to antiestrogen bypass in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res; 77(2); 545–56. ©2016 AACR.
Threshold Analysis and Biodistribution of Fluorescently Labeled Bevacizumab in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Koch Maximilian , de Jong Johannes S. , Glatz Jürgen , Symvoulidis Panagiotis , Lamberts Laetitia E. , Adams Arthur L.L. , Kranendonk Mariëtte E.G. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Anton G.T. , Aichler Michaela , Jansen Liesbeth , de Vries Jakob , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , Schröder Carolien P. , Jorritsma-Smit Annelies , Linssen Matthijs D. , de Boer Esther , van der Vegt Bert , Nagengast Wouter B. , Elias Sjoerd G. , Oliveira Sabrina , Witkamp Arjen J. , Mali Willem P.T.M. , Van der Wall Elsken , Garcia-Allende P. Beatriz , van Diest Paul J. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Walch Axel , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: November 2016

In vivo tumor labeling with fluorescent agents may assist endoscopic and surgical guidance for cancer therapy as well as create opportunities to directly observe cancer biology in patients. However, malignant and nonmalignant tissues are usually distinguished on fluorescence images by applying empirically determined fluorescence intensity thresholds. Here, we report the development of fSTREAM, a set of analytic methods designed to streamline the analysis of surgically excised breast tissues by collecting and statistically processing hybrid multiscale fluorescence, color, and histology readouts toward precision fluorescence imaging. fSTREAM addresses core questions of how to relate fluorescence intensity to tumor tissue and how to quantitatively assign a normalized threshold that sufficiently differentiates tumor tissue from healthy tissue. Using fSTREAM we assessed human breast tumors stained in vivo with fluorescent bevacizumab at microdose levels. Showing that detection of such levels is achievable, we validated fSTREAM for high-resolution mapping of the spatial pattern of labeled antibody and its relation to the underlying cancer pathophysiology and tumor border on a per patient basis. We demonstrated a 98% sensitivity and 79% specificity when using labeled bevacizumab to outline the tumor mass. Overall, our results illustrate a quantitative approach to relate fluorescence signals to malignant tissues and improve the theranostic application of fluorescence molecular imaging. Cancer Res; 77(3); 623–31. ©2016 AACR.
Hemodialysis Decreases the Etiologically-Related Early Vascular Aging Observed in End-Stage Renal Disease: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Bia Daniel , Galli Cintia , Zócalo Yanina , Valtuille Rodolfo , Wray Sandra , Armentano Ricardo , Cabrera-Fischer Edmundo
Published: November 2016

Aims: To analyze the early vascular aging (EVA) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, attempting to determine a potential association between EVA and the etiology of ESRD, and to investigate the association of hemodialysis and EVA in ESRD patients during a 5-year follow-up period. Methods: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was obtained in 151 chronically hemodialyzed patients (CHP) and 283 control subjects, and in 25 CHP, who were followed-up after a 5-year lapse. Results: cfPWV increased in ESRD patients compared to control subjects. The cfPWV-age relationship was found to have a steeper increase in ESRD patients. The highest cfPWV and EVA values were observed in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of the EVA in HD patients on a 5-year follow-up. Conclusion: Patients in ESRD showed higher levels of EVA. cfPWV and EVA differed in ESRD patients depending on their renal failure etiology. CHP showed an EVA reduction after a 5-year follow-up period.
Characterisation of Prognosis and Invasion of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Podoplanin and E-Cadherin Expression
Authors: Hesse Kristina , Satzger Imke , Schacht Vivien , Köther Brigitta , Hillen Uwe , Klode Joachim , Schaper Katrin , Gutzmer Ralf
Published: November 2016

Background: Around 5% of all cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) metastasise. Metastases usually locate in regional skin and lymph nodes, suggesting collective cancer invasion. The cellular level of tumour invasion and prognostic parameters remain to be characterised. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin (marker for collective cancer invasion) and podoplanin (marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT], single-cell invasion) expression in 102 samples of metastatic and non-metastatic cSCC and 18 corresponding skin and lymph node metastases to characterise the invasion of cSCC. Immunohistochemical results were retrospectively correlated with clinical data. Results: E-cadherin was highly expressed in metastatic and non-metastatic cSCC and skin metastases. This suggests collective cancer invasion. However, E-cadherin was downregulated in poorly differentiated cSCC and lymph node metastases, suggesting partial EMT. Podoplanin was significantly upregulated in metastatic (p = 0.002) and poorly differentiated (p = 0.003) cSCC. Overexpression of podoplanin represented a statistically independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Collective cancer invasion is likely in cSCC. In lymph node metastases and poorly differentiated cSCC, partial EMT is possible. Podoplanin is an independent prognostic parameter for metastasis.
The Protective Effect of Brown-, Gray-, and Blue-Tinted Lenses against Blue LED Light-Induced Cell Death in A2E-Laden Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Park Sang-il , Jang Young Pyo
Published: November 2016

A2E-laden ARPE-19 cells were exposed to a blue light to induce cytotoxicity, in order to investigate the protective effects of various tinted ophthalmic lenses against photo-induced cytotoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells laden with A2E, known to be among the etiologies of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Different-colored tinted lenses with varying levels of tint and different filtering characteristics, such as polarized, blue-cut, and photochromatic lenses, were placed over the cells, and the protective efficacies thereof were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase assay. When tinted lenses were placed over ARPE-19 cells, there were different reductions in cytotoxicity according to the colors and tint levels. The level of protection afforded by brown-tinted lenses was 6.9, 36.1, and 49% with a tint level of 15, 50, and 80%, respectively. For gray-tinted lenses, the protective effect was 16.3, 35, and 43.4% for the corresponding degree of tint, respectively. In the case of blue-tinted lenses, a protective effect of 20% was observed with 80% tinted lenses, but 15 and 50% tinted lenses provided no significant protection. In addition, photochromic lenses showed a protective effect but blue-cut lenses and polarized lenses provided no significant protection. Tinted lenses significantly reduced cytotoxicity in RPE cells irradiated with blue light. The protection was more efficient in lenses with a brown or gray tint than in blue-tinted lenses. Tinted glasses may provide significant protection against potential blue-light-induced photochemical and photo-oxidative damage in RPE cells.
Integrated Use of Lung Ultrasound and Chest X-Ray in the Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Vizioli Luca , Ciccarese Federica , Forti Paola , Chiesa Anna Maria , Giovagnoli Marco , Mughetti Martina , Zompatori Maurizio , Zoli Marco
Published: November 2016

Background: Current data have shown that lung ultrasound (LUS) may be useful in the detection of interstitial lung disease (ILD) by the evaluation of B-lines, the sonographic marker of pulmonary interstitial syndrome. Nevertheless, no prospective study has compared LUS to chest X-ray (CXR) for ILD assessment, and there is no general agreement on the specific echographic diagnostic criteria for defining ILD. Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to compare the accuracy of LUS and CXR in the detection of ILD using high-resolution CT (HRCT) as the gold standard and (2) to compare the accuracy of different echographic diagnostic criteria for ILD diagnosis. Methods: LUS was performed on 104 patients undergoing HRCT for suspected ILD. In 49 patients, a CXR scan performed within 3 months of HRCT was analyzed. ILD was defined as the presence of ≥5 B-lines in ≥3 chest areas. A total B-line score (TBLS) was also calculated, as in previous studies. The observers evaluating LUS and CXR were blinded to the HRCT results and clinical data. Results: On HRCT, ILD was assessed in 50 patients. CXR was specific (91%; 95% CI 80-100) but not sensitive (48%; 95% CI 28-67). Conversely, LUS showed high sensitivity (92%; 95% CI 84-99) and low specificity (79%; 95% CI 69-90). Using a TBLS, sensitivity did not change, while specificity decreased. Conclusions: LUS could be a sensitive tool for ILD detection. CXR and LUS have different but complementary features, and their combined use could reduce the need for HRCT. The use of different diagnostic criteria for defining ILD does not affect sensitivity but influences specificity.
Morphology and Ciliary Motion of the Middle Ear Mucosa of Neonatal and Adult Gerbils
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Huizhan , He Nancy T. , Shen Na , Li Yi
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Since the middle ear cavity plays an important role in middle ear effusion, the goal of this study is to examine the morphological and functional development of the middle ear mucosa in neonatal and adult gerbils. Methods: Gerbils aged between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P26 were used for the experiments. The morphological development of the middle ear cavity was measured by using the celloidin embedding method and scanning electronic microscope. Ciliary motion was determined and calibrated by a photodiode-based measurement system. Results: The area of the middle ear increased significantly from 0.42 ± 0.02 mm2 (n = 8) at P1 to 2.6 ± 0.03 mm2 (n = 8) at P26. At P1, all regions were covered by densely populated ciliated cells. A significant reduction of the density of ciliated cells was found between P8 and P18 (p < 0.05). The beat frequency at P1 is not statistically different from that of P8 (p > 0.05). However, the beat frequency increased significantly between P8 and P18 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Middle ear mucosa underwent a significant change between P1 and P18. The cilia morphology and function (ciliary motion) are fully mature at P18. This may explain the high incidence of middle ear effusion in the neonatal period in humans.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy Does Not Affect Ovarian Reserve or Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Authors: Song Taejong , Lee San-Hui , Kim Woo Young , Heo Eun Jin , Kim Tae-Joong
Published: November 2016

Objective: To determine whether opportunistic salpingectomy in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy has any deleterious effects on ovarian reserve and surgical risk. Study Design: We performed a retrospective review of patients who had no desire for future child bearing and who were undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic myomas at 4 institutions. Among them, 41 patients concurrently underwent opportunistic salpingectomy (the opportunistic salpingectomy group) and 65 patients did not undergo salpingectomy at the time of laparoscopic myomectomy (the no-salpingectomy group). The primary and secondary outcome measures were change of ovarian reserve determined by the rate of decline in the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level from before surgery to 3 months post-surgery, and surgical outcomes. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There were also no differences in surgical outcomes, such as operative time, operative bleeding, hospital stay, or complications between groups. The decline rate in AMH was 18.6% (interquartile range (IQR) 2.6-46.8%) in the opportunistic salpingectomy group and 10.4% (IQR 2.6-46.8%) in the no-salpingectomy group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.593). Conclusion: Opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of laparoscopic myomectomy was not associated with negative effects on ovarian reserve or increased surgical risk.
ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКУ ВИНИКНЕННЯ АТОПІЧНОГО ДЕРМАТИТУ В ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Fedortsiv O. Ye. , Mochulska O. M.
Published: November 2016

Атопічний дерматит – мультифакторне захворювання. Із сучасної точки зору, атопія є генетично гетерогенною патологією, для розвитку якої необхідний комплекс багатьох спадкових чинників, що взаємодіють між собою з факторами навколишнього середовища із сумуючим ефектом. Справжні причини розвитку алергічних захворювань ще не встановлені, проте добре вивчені фактори ризику їх формування,які умовно поділяються на ендогенні й екзогенні.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ХВОРИХ ІЗ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: Kozak D. V. , Shafranskyi V. V. , Koval V. B. , Salaida I. M.
Published: November 2016

Досягнення сучасної внутрішньої медицини, впровадження в широку клінічну практику принципів доказової медицини, суттєве розширення арсеналу лікарських засобів і немедикаментозного лікування потребують від лікаря не тільки теоретичних знань типової клінічної картини захворювання, але і вміти здійснити організацію реабілітаційного процесу.
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ ВНУТРІШНІХ ОРГАНІВ У ТВАРИН РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ, ЯКІ ЗАЗНАЛИ ХРОНІЧНОГО СТРЕСУ
Authors: Mits I. R. , Denefil O. V. , Andriishyn O. P.
Published: November 2016

Вивчено вплив хронічного пренатального, постнатального і комбінованого стресу на зміни морфологічної структури ендокринних залоз молодих щурів різної статі. Виявлено порушення морфологічної будови щитоподібної залози, яке було найбільше виражене у тварин, які зазнали комбінованого стресу. В надниркових залозах вираженішимибули зміни у самців, які зазнали хронічного постнатального і комбінованого стресу, порівняно з самицями. Пошкодження були найбільшими у всіх тварин, які зазнали дії комбінованого стресу: зростала активність клубочкової і зменшувалася пучкової зон.У тимусі найбільшими зміни були у самців із пренатальним, у самиць – з комбінованим стресом. У статевих органахнайбільшi зміни були в щурів обох статей із комбінованим стресом. Виявлені зміни вказують на можливий розвиток хронічного запалення, вторинних імунодефіцитних станів.
Altered Smooth Muscle Cell Force Generation as a Driver of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Authors: Milewicz Dianna M. , Trybus Kathleen M. , Guo Dong-chuan , Sweeney H. Lee , Regalado Ellen , Kamm Kristine , Stull James T.
Published: November 2016

The importance of maintaining contractile function in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is evident by the fact that heterozygous mutations in the major structural proteins or kinases controlling contraction lead to the formation of aneurysms of the ascending thoracic aorta that predispose to life-threatening aortic dissections. Force generation by SMC requires ATP-dependent cyclic interactions between filaments composed of SMC-specific isoforms of α-actin (encoded by
ACTA2
) and myosin heavy chain (
MYH11
).
ACTA2
and
MYH11
mutations are predicted or have been shown to disrupt this cyclic interaction predispose to thoracic aortic disease. Movement of the myosin motor domain is controlled by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain on the myosin filament, and loss-of-function mutations in the dedicated kinase for this phosphorylation, myosin light chain kinase (
MYLK
) also predispose to thoracic aortic disease. Finally, a mutation in the cGMP-activated protein kinase (
PRKG1
) results in constitutive activation of the kinase in the absence of cGMP, thus driving SMC relaxation in part through increased dephosphorylation of the regulatory light chain and predisposes to thoracic aortic disease. Furthermore, SMCs cannot generate force without connections to the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions, and mutations in the major protein in the extracellular matrix, fibrillin-1, linking SMCs to the matrix also cause thoracic aortic disease in individuals with Marfan syndrome. Thus, disruption of the ability of the aortic SMC to generate force through the elastin–contractile units in response to pulsatile blood flow may be a primary driver for thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.
High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Apolipoprotein M Limits Endothelial Inflammation by Delivering Sphingosine-1-Phosphate to the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1
Authors: Ruiz Mario , Frej Cecilia , Holmér Andreas , Guo Li J. , Tran Sinh , Dahlbäck Björn
Published: November 2016

Objective—

Plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are potent antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory particles. However, HDL particles are highly heterogenic in composition, and different HDL-mediated functions can be ascribed to different subclasses of HDL. Only a small HDL population contains apolipoprotein M (ApoM), which is the main plasma carrier of the bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Vascular inflammation is modulated by S1P, but both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles have been ascribed to S1P. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of ApoM and S1P in endothelial anti-inflammatory events related to HDL.

Approach and Results—

Aortic or brain human primary endothelial cells were challenged with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as inflammatory stimuli. The presence of recombinant ApoM-bound S1P or ApoM-containing HDL reduced the abundance of adhesion molecules in the cell surface, whereas ApoM and ApoM-lacking HDL did not. Specifically, ApoM-bound S1P decreased vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin surface abundance but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Albumin, which is an alternative S1P carrier, was less efficient in inhibiting VCAM-1 than ApoM-bound S1P. The activation of the S1P receptor 1 was sufficient and required to promote anti-inflammation. Moreover, ApoM-bound S1P induced the rearrangement of the expression of S1P-related genes to counteract TNF-α. Functionally, HDL/ApoM/S1P limited monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and maintained endothelial barrier integrity under inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions—

ApoM-bound S1P is a key component of HDL and is responsible for several HDL-associated protective functions in the endothelium, including regulation of adhesion molecule abundance, leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and endothelial barrier.
Association of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival According to Ambulance Response Times After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rajan Shahzleen , Wissenberg Mads , Folke Fredrik , Hansen Steen Møller , Gerds Thomas A. , Kragholm Kristian , Hansen Carolina Malta , Karlsson Lena , Lippert Freddy K. , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp-Pedersen Christian
Published: November 2016

Background:

Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but it is unknown to what degree bystander CPR remains positively associated with survival with increasing time to potential defibrillation. The main objective was to examine the association of bystander CPR with survival as time to advanced treatment increases.

Methods:

We studied 7623 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between 2005 and 2011, identified through the nationwide Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between time from 911 call to emergency medical service arrival (response time) and survival according to whether bystander CPR was provided (yes or no). Reported are 30-day survival chances with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals.

Results:

With increasing response times, adjusted 30-day survival chances decreased for both patients with bystander CPR and those without. However, the contrast between the survival chances of patients with versus without bystander CPR increased over time: within 5 minutes, 30-day survival was 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.8–16.4) versus 6.3% (95% CI: 5.1–7.6), corresponding to 2.3 times higher chances of survival associated with bystander CPR; within 10 minutes, 30-day survival chances were 6.7% (95% CI: 5.4–8.1) versus 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5–3.1), corresponding to 3.0 times higher chances of 30-day survival associated with bystander CPR. The contrast in 30-day survival became statistically insignificant when response time was >13 minutes (bystander CPR vs no bystander CPR: 3.7% [95% CI: 2.2–5.4] vs 1.5% [95% CI: 0.6–2.7]), but 30-day survival was still 2.5 times higher associated with bystander CPR. Based on the model and Danish out-of-hospital cardiac arrest statistics, an additional 233 patients could potentially be saved annually if response time was reduced from 10 to 5 minutes and 119 patients if response time was reduced from 7 (the median response time in this study) to 5 minutes.

Conclusions:

The absolute survival associated with bystander CPR declined rapidly with time. Yet bystander CPR while waiting for an ambulance was associated with a more than doubling of 30-day survival even in case of long ambulance response time. Decreasing ambulance response time by even a few minutes could potentially lead to many additional lives saved every year.
Sleepwalking Through the Thirteenth Century: Some Medieval Latin Commentaries on Aristotle’s De somno et vigilia 2.456a24-27
Authors: Thörnqvist Christina Thomsen
Published: November 2016

In De somno et vigilia, Aristotle states that sleep is an incapacitation of the first sense organ that occurs when the capacity for sensation has been exceeded. In the same treatise, however, Aristotle also mentions the phenomenon of motion and other waking acts performed in sleep and claims that sense perception is a necessary condition for such acts to occur. When the medieval exegesis on the Parva naturalia evolved in the thirteenth century, how Aristotle’s remark on motion in sleep could be reconciled with his definition of sleep as an incapacitation of the senses became one of the most frequently discussed problems. This article analyzes the theories on this subject in the most influential commentaries on Aristotle’s treatises on sleep and dreaming in the thirteenth century.
Sextus Empiricus’ Outlines of Pyrrhonism in the Middle Ages
Authors: Wittwer Roland
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the authorship and reception of the medieval translation of Sextus Empiricus’ Outlines of Pyrrhonism. It is shown that its traditional ascription to Niccolò da Reggio (born ca. 1280) cannot be maintained, because the translation must have circulated already in the late 1270s. Its author is difficult to identify: the closest stylistic parallels are found with the anonymous translator of Aristotle’s De partibus animalium. With Alvaro of Oviedo († ca. 1282) and the otherwise unknown Johannes de Peretis two early readers can be named. Though a copy was accessible in Viterbo at this time and another copy possibly travelled around in Italy in the 1320s, no philosophical or other impact can be determined. A single reference is found in Peter of Auvergne’s Quaestiones-commentary on Aristotle’s Politics. Its origin is difficult to assess.
The Porcupine Tango: What Ethnography Can and Cannot Do for Theologians
Authors: Spickard James
Published: November 2016

Ethnography and theology are two contrasting life-activities, regulated by separate ideals. Like other sciences, ethnography is regulated by the ideal of ‘truth’. It gathers data about human communities, particularly their worldviews and their tacit social practices. New data correct old conclusions, forcing ethnographers to discard the ideas with which they began their investigations. Following the regulative ideal helps them avoid placing their concerns about those of the people they study. Theologians (and others) can use ethnographic methods to gather data about congregational life, how people practice their religions, etc., but this practice itself is not ‘doing’ theology.
Lucinid bivalves of Guadeloupe: diversity and systematics in the context of the tropical Western Atlantic (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lucinidae)
Authors: TAYLOR OHN D. , GLOVER EMILY A.
Published: November 2016

Intensive sampling of molluscs from the intertidal to depths of 800 m around the islands of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles (KARUBENTHOS 2012, 2015) recovered 25 species of Lucinidae. All the Guadeloupe species are described and illustrated including details of larval shells and the taxonomy revised within the context of the wider western Atlantic fauna and recent classifications. Concurrent molecular analysis has helped separate frequently confounded species. ‘Myrtea’ pristiphora is placed in the Leucosphaerine genus Myrtina previously known from the Indo-West Pacific. A second western Atlantic species of Callucina, C. pauperatus previously known from the Pliocene of Jamaica is recognised from the southern Caribbean and off Brazil. The deeper water species ‘Myrteopis’ lens is placed in Afrolucina previously known from the eastern Atlantic. Lucinids commonly identified as Ctena orbiculata are shown to belong to two distinct species, C. orbiculata in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida and C. imbricatula in the Caribbean. Epicodakia is recognised for the first time in the western Atlantic with E. pectinata widely distributed across the region and E. filiata recorded from deeper water. Three species of Lucina are recognised, Lucina pensylvanica in the Gulf of Mexico and Florida and the similar Lucina roquesana from the Caribbean and Bahamas while the smaller L. aurantia has a wide distribution from central America to the Bahamas. A new species of Parvilucina, P. latens is described; this is similar to P. pectinella but has an internal ligament. The long problematic species ‘Codakia’ cubana is assigned to Ferrocina. A new genus, Guyanella is introduced for Parvilucina clenchi the smallest known lucinid. A critical reassessment of the lucinid fauna of the western Atlantic Ocean identifies 46 species for the region with 33 of these living at depths less than 200 m. Deeper-water habitats have been much less investigated except at sites of hydrocarbon seeps. Some species are widespread throught the whole region but others have more restricted ranges. Notable are species pairs, for example of Ctena, Lucina, Lucinisca and Parvilucina that are either largely Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico/Floridian in distribution. Although extralimital, two problematic species from the mid-south Atlantic island of St Helena are refigured and placed in Cavilinga.
Two new species of Portanini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: FELIX MÁRCIO , MEJDALANI GABRIEL
Published: November 2016

Two new species, Portanus restingalis and Paraportanus marica, are described and illustrated from Restinga de Maricá, a sandy coastal plain in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Comparative notes on the two new species are given. Portanus youngi and Paraportanus eburatus are newly recorded from Brazil and Guyana, respectively. A checklist of all known species of Portanini with their geographic distribution is provided.
Two new species of Haploperla (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: November 2016

Two new species of the chloroperline genus Haploperla, H. tuanjiena sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China and H. datongensis sp. nov. from Qinghai Province, China are described and illustrated. Haploperla tuanjiena is characterized by terga 10 with a medially triangular sclerotized area and the epiproct subtriangular, anterolateral margin sclerotized with apex acute. Haploperla datongensis is characterized by the epiproct tongue-shaped, anterior margin and anteroventrally strongly sclerotized. The new species are compared with similar taxa of the genus. An identification key is provided for the seven known Chinese species of Haploperla.
A new species of Oreodera Audinet-Serville, 1835 from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) and new geographical records
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , BOTERO JUAN PABLO
Published: November 2016

Oreodera antonkozlovi, new species from Ecuador is described and illustrated. A key to species of Oreodera, currently known from Ecuador, is provided. Moreover, the following new country records are reported in Oreodera: O. basicretata (Brazil); O. cretata (Peru); O. sororcula (Brazil); O. wappesi (Costa Rica and Guatemala). Additionally, new state records from Brazil are added: O. bituberculata (Goiás); O. griseozonata (Amapá); O. melzeri (Amazonas).
Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences
Authors: CERÍACO LUIS M. P. , GUTIÉRREZ ELIÉCER E. , DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: November 2016

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016.
Salient Cues and Wayfinding in Alzheimer’s Disease Within a Virtual Senior Residence
Authors: Davis Rebecca , Ohman Jennifer M. , Weisbeck Catherine
Published: November 2016

Wayfinding is a problem for persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), especially in complex environments such as senior residential communities. In this study, persons with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a control group of older adults were asked to navigate a virtual reality simulation of a senior residential community. Subjects had to find their way repeatedly over multiple trials for two consecutive days in standard (no extra cues) and salient (colorful, memorable cues placed at key decision points) cue conditions. The results showed that all subjects found their way faster and more effectively in the salient cue condition than in the standard cue condition. Those in the AD/MCI group were significantly more impaired in wayfinding ability compared with those in the control group. Persons with impaired wayfinding ability due to AD and MCI can find their way more effectively in virtual environments enhanced with salient environmental cues.
A data mining approach to the diagnosis of failure modes for two serial fastened sandwich composite plates
Authors: Ballı Serkan
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to diagnose and classify the failure modes for two serial fastened sandwich composite plates using data mining techniques. The composite material used in the study was manufactured using glass fiber reinforced layer and aluminum sheets. Obtained results of previous experimental study for sandwich composite plates, which were mechanically fastened with two serial pins or bolts were used for classification of failure modes. Furthermore, experimental data from previous study consists of different geometrical parameters for various applied preload moments as 0 (pinned), 2, 3, 4, and 5 Nm (bolted). In this study, data mining methods were applied by using these geometrical parameters and pinned/bolted joint configurations. Therefore, three geometrical parameters and 100 test data were used for classification by utilizing support vector machine, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest methods. According to experiments, Random Forest method achieved better results than others and it was appropriate for diagnosing and classification of the failure modes. Performances of all data mining methods used were discussed in terms of accuracy and error ratios.
Views on Depression From Traditional Healing and Psychiatry Clinics in Uganda
Authors: Johnson Laura R. , Chin Eu Gene , Kajumba Mayanja , Kizito Simon , Bangirana Paul
Published: November 2016

In Uganda, depression is a growing concern, yet mental health professionals are in short supply, and help is often sought from traditional healers. To develop an integrated system of care, we must understand sociocultural aspects of depression including beliefs about help seeking and treatment. In a mixed methods study, we used semi-structured interviews and self-report measures to assess depressed patients ( N = 30) seeking treatment in traditional healing ( n = 15) and psychiatry clinics ( n = 15) near Kampala, Uganda. We assessed demographics, symptoms, treatment characteristics, and explanatory models (EMs) of depression (e.g., labeling the problem, cause, impact on life, best type of treatment). We predicted differences across treatment settings. To further explore EMs, we assessed differences in EMs of patients and their providers by interviewing patient–provider dyads ( n = 8 dyads). Patients in both settings were similar in demographics, symptoms, perceived cause, seriousness, and impact of depression. However, patients at traditional clinics were more likely to desire herbal remedies, while those in psychiatry clinics were more likely to desire modern medication. Patient–provider dyads also had different treatment beliefs, with patients desiring financial assistance, social support, and medication, and providers more likely to suggest counseling or advice. The study highlights the need to understand diverse beliefs and treatment trajectories in a multicultural context.
Training 3-Month-Old Babies for the Future
Authors: Ulitsa Natalie , Keller Heidi , Otto Hiltrud
Published: November 2016

This study focuses on parenting, both as a belief system and a set of practices, in a context of cultural transition during immigration. Parenting beliefs and practices are modified in the process of immigration by negotiating cultures when new cultural sensibilities are constructed. The main focus of our study was parenting beliefs and practices among 1.5 generation of Jewish immigrant mothers from Former Soviet Union (FSU). We compared socialization goals of this group ( n = 30) with first generation ( n = 15) of FSU immigrant mothers and with secular nonimmigrant Israeli born mothers ( n = 20). Our results indicate that the most important socialization goal—education, learning, and goal orientation—does not differ between the first generation and 1.5 generation of immigrant mothers, reflecting preservation of major values from the culture of origin. The second and third most important socialization goals of the 1.5-generation FSU immigrant mothers, self-confidence and social skills, are the same as the goals of the Israeli secular mothers, pointing to a process of incorporation of adaptive values from the host society. However, Israeli mothers posed happiness, positivity, and joy of life as their preferred socialization goal for children. Moreover, this study showed that the 1.5-generation immigrant mothers’ socialization goals and perceptions of good mothering are reflected in their behavior and discourse practices toward their babies during play situations.
Examination of the relationships between subjective clothing comfort assessment and physiological parameters with wear trials
Authors: Grujic Dragana , Geršak Jelka
Published: November 2016

The paper explores the relationship between subjective assessment of wearing comfort and objectively determined physiological parameters (mean skin temperature, skin relative humidity, amount excreted in sweat absorbed in clothing) in a warm environment. The experiment involved five young girls who wore two different models of women’s summer clothing (women’s dresses and women’s blouse plus shorts) made from five different raw materials, but of nearly identical structural characteristics . The investigation consisted of 450 individual tests. All wearing trial tests were performed under artificially designed ambient conditions within a computer-controlled climatic chamber. It was found that there existed a relationship between subjective assessment of wearing comfort and objectively determined physiological parameters of the test subjects. The statistical analysis results showed that coefficients of multiple linear regression in dependence of the subjective assessment of the degree of skin moisture Wskin on climatic conditions had the value of R2 = 0.87, based on physiological parameters, such as skin temperature Tskin and skin relative humidity RHskin (R2 = 0.90), and on the amount of excreted sweat Esweat and the amount of sweat absorbed within clothing Wsweat (R2 = 0.87).
Individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with life satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of a population-based sample from Hong Kong
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yueh , Chang Shu-Sen , Yip Paul
Published: November 2016

We examined the relationships between individuals’ life satisfaction and individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics and evidence for cross-level interactions. We used data on individuals’ life satisfaction and a range of individual- and household-level characteristics from the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (2011) with linkage to neighbourhood-level aggregated data extracted from the 2011 census. The neighbourhood-level variables included the poverty rate and four factors derived from factor analysis based on 21 variables. Multilevel models were used to allow for the hierarchical nature of the data. Most of the variance in life satisfaction could be explained by individual- and household-level characteristics. Neighbourhood-level characteristics accounted for a small proportion (around 5% or less) of the variance. Most of the individual- and household-level characteristics studied were associated with life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was negatively associated with local poverty rate and three neighbourhood factors (deprivation, social fragmentation and ageing). There was evidence of cross-level interactions. For example, the level of life satisfaction decreased with an increasing neighbourhood poverty rate among individuals who did not receive Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), but CSSA recipients had a higher level of life satisfaction in areas with higher poverty rates. The negative effect of neighbourhood poverty on life satisfaction was more marked in individuals who rented or owned their homes than in those who lived in public housing. Our results have implications for urban policies that may improve life satisfaction such as financial and housing support for high risk individuals.
2016 Hans O. Mauksch Address
Authors: Lowney Kathleen S. , Price Anne M. , Gonzalez Guittar Stephanie
Published: November 2016

Given that so many college students take Introduction to Sociology or Social Problems or both, we wondered about the amount of content overlap in these courses. We designed a study that used content analysis of syllabi from these courses in order to measure the amount of convergence between the two classes. In our sample, nearly 70 percent of the content was similar. More worrisome, some significant concepts, such as research methods and symbolic interactionism, were barely mentioned in either course. Given the new political economy of general education and more specifically higher education, we raise questions about the implications of such course content convergence and encourage the discipline to begin to address these issues.
Modeling Community Engagement in an Undergraduate Course in Psychology at an HBCU
Authors: Henderson Dawn X.
Published: November 2016

This article describes an undergraduate course in community psychology at an Historically Black University. The course integrated community engagement using a local neighborhood revitalization project as a platform for students to volunteer, prepare a historical analysis, and sense of community project. The course aims to fulfill a requirement under the Counseling, Community, and Health Foundation for psychology majors. The course used applied experiences within a neighborhood context to introduce students to theories and principles in community psychology. The article will discuss implications for undergraduate psychology education and the value of providing undergraduate community psychology courses to students.