bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free versus Non-Gluten-Free Pre-Packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Carrie Ka Wai , Tjhin Anna , Barrett Eden , Coyle Daisy H. , Wu Jason H.Y. , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The consumption of gluten-free foods has continued to increase in recent years. Given their higher intake among individuals both with and without a medically diagnosed gluten allergy or sensitivity, it is important to understand how the nutritional quality of these foods compares against non-gluten-free foods. As such, we aimed to compare the nutritional quality of gluten-free and non-gluten-free pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong. Methods: Data from 18,292 pre-packaged food and beverage items in the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used. These products were categorized as (1) “declared gluten-free”; (2) “gluten-free by ingredient or naturally gluten-free”; and (3) “non-gluten-free” according to information presented on the package. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR), energy, protein, fibre, total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat, carbohydrates, sugars, and sodium content between products in different gluten categories, overall and by major food category (e.g., bread and bakery products) and region of origin (e.g., America, Europe). Results: Products declared gluten-free (mean ± SD: 2.9 ± 1.3; n = 7%) had statistically significantly higher HSR than those gluten-free by ingredient or naturally gluten-free (2.7 ± 1.4; n = 51.9%) and non-gluten-free (2.2 ± 1.4; n = 41.2%) (all pairwise comparisons p < 0.001). Overall, non-gluten-free products have higher energy, protein, saturated fat, trans-fat, free sugar and sodium, and less fibre compared with products in the other two gluten categories. Similar differences were observed across major food groups and by region of origin. Conclusions: Non-gluten-free products sold in Hong Kong were generally less healthy than gluten-free products (regardless of the presence of gluten-free declaration). Consumers should be better educated on how to identify gluten-free foods, given that many gluten-free foods do not declare this information on the label.
Suppression of Heart Failure With PAR1 Pepducin Technology in a Pressure Overload Model in Mice
Authors: Fletcher Elizabeth K. , Ngwenyama Njabulo , Nguyen Nga , Turner Susan E. , Covic Lidija , Alcaide Pilar , Kuliopulos Athan
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

PAR1 (protease-activated receptor-1) contributes to acute thrombosis, but it is not clear whether the receptor is involved in deleterious inflammatory and profibrotic processes in heart failure. Here, we employ the pepducin technology to determine the effects of targeting PAR1 in a mouse heart failure with reduced ejection fraction model.

METHODS:

After undergoing transverse aortic constriction pressure overload or sham surgery, C57BL/6J mice were randomized to daily sc PZ-128 pepducin or vehicle, and cardiac function, inflammation, fibrosis, and molecular analyses conducted at 7 weeks

RESULTS:

After 7 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, vehicle mice had marked increases in macrophage/monocyte infiltration and fibrosis of the left ventricle as compared with Sham mice. PZ-128 treatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis. Despite no effect on myocyte cell hypertrophy, PZ-128 afforded a significant reduction in overall left ventricle weight and completely protected against the transverse aortic constriction-induced impairments in left ventricle ejection fraction. PZ-128 significantly suppressed transverse aortic constriction-induced increases in an array of genes involved in myocardial stress, fibrosis, and inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS:

The PZ-128 pepducin is highly effective in protecting against cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of left ventricle function in a mouse model.
Mechanical force induces mitophagy-mediated anaerobic oxidation in periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Cui Shuyue , Fu Yajing , Wang Jixiao , Liu Jiani , Wei Fulan
Published: July 2023

Background

The preference for glucose oxidative mode has crucial impacts on various physiological activities, including determining stem cell fate. External mechanical factors can play a decisive role in regulating critical metabolic enzymes and pathways of stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are momentous effector cells that transform mechanical force into biological signals during the reconstruction of alveolar bone. However, mechanical stimuli-induced alteration of oxidative characteristics in PDLSCs and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Herein, we examined the expression of LDH and COX4 by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We detected metabolites of lactic acid and reactive oxygen species for functional tests. We used tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining and a transmission electron microscope to clarify the mitochondrial status. After using western blot and immunofluorescence to clarify the change of DRP1, we further examined MFF, PINK1, and PARKIN by western blot. We used cyclosporin A (CsA) to confirm the regulation of mitophagy and ceased the stretching as a rescue experiment.

Results

Herein, we ascertained that mechanical force could increase the level of LDH and decrease the expression of COX4 in PDLSCs. Simultaneously, the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDLSC reduced after stretching, while lactate acid augmented significantly. Furthermore, mitochondrial function in PDLSCs was negatively affected by impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) under mechanical force, and the augment of mitochondrial fission further induced PRKN-dependent mitophagy, which was confirmed by the rescue experiments via blocking mitophagy. As a reversible physiological stimulation, the anaerobic preference of PDLSCs altered by mechanical force could restore after the cessation of force stimulation.

Conclusions

Altogether, our study demonstrates that PDLSCs under mechanical force preferred anaerobic oxidation induced by the affected mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitophagy. Our findings support an association between mechanical stimulation and the oxidative profile of stem cells, which may shed light on the mechanical guidance of stem cell maintenance and commitment, and lay a molecular foundation for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Graphical Abstract
Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank
Authors: Jin Danyao , Trichia Eirini , Islam Nazrul , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben
Published: July 2023

Background

The role of fatty acids in coronary heart disease (CHD) remains uncertain. There is little evidence from large-scale epidemiological studies on the relevance of circulating fatty acids levels to CHD risk. This study aims to examine the independent associations of the major circulating types of fatty acids with CHD risk.

Methods

UK Biobank is a prospective study of adults aged 40–69 in 2006–2010; in 2012–2013, a subset of the participants were resurveyed. Analyses were restricted to 89,242 participants with baseline plasma fatty acids (measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and without prior CHD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations with incidence CHD, defined as the first-ever myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, coronary-related death, or relevant procedure. And the major types of fatty acids were mutually adjusted to examine the independent associations. Hazard ratios were corrected for regression dilution using the correlation of baseline and resurvey fatty acids measures.

Results

During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 3,815 incident cases of CHD occurred. Independently of other fatty acids, CHD risk was positively associated with saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), inversely associated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but there was no strong evidence of an association with omega-6 PUFA: HR per standard deviation higher were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.09–1.20), 1.15 (1.10–1.21), 0.91 (0.87–0.94), and 1.04 (0.99–1.09) respectively. Independently of triglycerides and cholesterol, the inverse association with omega-3 PUFA was not materially changed, but the positive associations with SFA and MUFA attenuated to null after adjusting for triglycerides levels.

Conclusions

This large-scale study has quantitated the independent associations of circulating fatty acids with CHD risk. Omega-3 PUFA was inversely related to CHD risk, independently of other fatty acids and major lipid fractions. By contrast, independently of other fatty acids, the positive associations of circulating SFA and MUFA with CHD risk were mostly attributed to their relationship with triglycerides.
Spontaneous massive fetomaternal hemorrhage: two case reports and a literature review of placental pathology
Authors: Zheng Yushuang , Li Donglu , Li Xinran , Zheng Aman , Wang Fan
Published: July 2023

Background

Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a rare event during pregnancy that may cause severe fetal anemia or death.

Case presentation

This paper reports two cases of fetomaternal hemorrhage with unexplained reasons. Both cases required emergency caesarean sections for non-reassuring fetal status and were treated with neonatal blood transfusion. Fetomaternal hemorrhage was confirmed via maternal Kleihauer-Betke test.

Conclusion

We found parenchymal pallor, increased nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs), and syncytial knots (SKs) in the placentas, which are compatible with fetal anemia. Immunohistochemical staining indicated VEGF, CD34, and CD31 expression in the endothelial cells of the capillaries, characteristic of massive FMH placenta. This article also reviews the particular histopathological changes in FHM placenta according to the placental lesion classification system.
Downregulation of MAL2 inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating β-catenin/c-Myc axis
Authors: An Lijun , Gong Huiyuan , Yu Xiaojing , Zhang Wangming , Liu Xiaohua , Yang Xiaomin , Shu Liping , Liu Jielin , Yang Liuqi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 (MAL2) is mainly involved in endocytosis under physiological conditions and mediates the transport of materials across the membranes of cell and organelle. It has been reported that MAL2 is significantly upregulated in diverse cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of MAL2 in breast cancer (BC).

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis and Immunohistochemical assay were applied to detect the correlation between MAL2 expression in breast cancer tissues and the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Functional experiments were carried out to investigate the role of MAL2 in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms involved in MAL2-induced β-catenin and c-Myc expression and β-catenin/c-Myc-mediated enhancement of BC progression were confirmed by western blot, β-catenin inhibitor and agonist, Co-IP and immunofluorescence colocalization assays.

Results

Results from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and clinical samples confirmed a significant upregulation of MAL2 in BC tissues than in adjacent non-tumor tissues. High expression of MAL2 was associated with worse prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that MAL2 knockdown reduced the migration and invasion associating with EMT, increased the apoptosis of BC cells in vitro and reduced the metastatic capacity in vivo. Mechanistically, MAL2 interacts with β-catenin in BC cells. MAL2 silencing reduced the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc, while the β-catenin agonist SKL2001 partially rescued the downregulation of c-Myc and inhibition of migration and invasion caused by MAL2 knockdown in BC cells.

Conclusion

These observations provided evidence that MAL2 acted as a potential tumor promoter by regulating EMT and β-catenin/c-Myc axis, suggesting potential implications for anti-metastatic therapy for BC.
Congenital coralliform cataract is the predominant consequence of a recurrent mutation in the CRYGD gene
Authors: Wang Kai-Jie , Wang Jue-Xue , Wang Jin-Da , Li Meng , Zhang Jing-Shang , Mao Ying-Yan , Wan Xiu-Hua
Published: July 2023

Background

Congenital cataract is a leading cause of treatable childhood blindness and both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Among the already characterized phenotypes, coralliform cataract is a rare special form of congenital cataracts. Although previous studies had shown that mutations in the γD-crystallin (CRYGD) can result in congenital coralliform cataracts, no conclusive genotype-phenotype correlation might be drawn. Here we aimed to identify the spectrum and frequency of CRYGD gene mutations in congenital coralliform cataracts of Chinese origin.

Methods

The medical records of 392 Chinese families with congenital cataracts were reviewed between January 2011 and December 2021. The families, clinically documented to have congenital coralliform cataracts, were screened for mutations in candidate CRYGD gene. The genomic DNA of all subjects was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR amplified and direct sequencing were performed to identify the disease-causing mutation.

Results

A total of 12 families with coralliform cataracts were recruited in this study in the past 10 years, accounting for 3.1% of the families with congenital cataracts. Of the 12 families, all affected individuals presented with bilateral non-progressive coralliform cataracts since birth, with the best-corrected Snellen visual acuities ranging from 20/200 to 20/25. A recurrent c.70 C > A (p. P24T) mutation in CRYGD was identified in 10 families (83.3%) with congenital cataract, which co-segregated with all affected individuals and was not observed in unaffected family members or ethnically matched normal controls.

Conclusions

The coralliform cataract is characterized by being bilateral, non-progressive and present at birth. A recurrent p.P24T CRYGD mutation occurs independently in 83.3% of the Chinese families with congenital coralliform cataracts and most likely represents a mutational hot spot, which underscore the relations between coralliform cataract and p.P24T CRYGD.
Phenytoin-induced dyskinesia: a case report
Authors: Shah Kashvi C. , Patel Nishi S. , Vasani Paritosh , Khadela Avinash , Chavda Vivek P. , Vora Lalitkumar
Published: July 2023

Background

Dyskinesia is a movement disorder categorized by involuntary movement of muscle. Although dyskinesia can be brought on by taking medications, it can also be a symptom of a variety of diseases. Antiepileptic drug-induced involuntary movements have been well researched. Rare reports have been made for dyskinesia, a type of dystonia caused by phenytoin. The mechanism of its occurrence must be succinctly studied.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old Asian patient taking phenytoin (100 mg twice daily) experienced symptoms of perioral muscle involuntary movement, impaired speech, and generalized tremors and was admitted to the hospital. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed significant development of encephalomalacia and porencephaly. The serum phenytoin levels were in the toxic range (33 g/ml). These were suggestive of phenytoin-induced dyskinesia. Levetiracetam and clonazepam were initiated, and the patient showed significant improvement in the symptoms.

Conclusion

This case presented a substantial reference value for the differential diagnosis and treatment prognosis of phenytoin-induced dyskinesia. The phenytoin-induced dyskinesia in this patient was successfully reversed with prompt identification and treatment. According to the case study’s findings, such people may benefit from periodic therapeutic drug monitoring.
Characterization of volatile compounds of Perilla crop (Perilla frutescens L.) in South Korea
Authors: Sa Kyu Jin , Jang So Jung , Lee Sookyeong , Park Hyun , Cho Jungeun , Sung Jungsook , Lee Ju Kyong
Published: July 2023

This study was performed to identify and profile the volatile compounds present in three different types of Perilla leaves collected from South Korea. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas-chromatograph-mass spectrometry. In total, 41 volatile compounds were identified belonging to nine chemical classes (six alcohols, seven aldehydes, two benzodioxoles, two esters, three ethers, four ketones, five monoterpenes, one phenylpropanoid, and eleven sesquiterpenes). In cultivated type of var. frutescens (CF), weedy type of var. frutescens (WF), and weedy type of var. crispa (WC), a total of 34, 39, and 41 volatile compounds, respectively, were identified. The predominant compound in CF and WF was perilla ketone (PK; 87.2% and 64.5%, respectively) and in WC was perilla aldehyde (PA; 26.4%). There were 29 and 27 volatile compounds that showed significant differences of content between WC and CF or WF, respectively. In terms of chemotype based on the volatile compounds, CF and WC were PK type and PA or phenylpropanoid (PP) types, respectively. WF accessions, which were PK and PP types in chemical composition, showed intermediate characteristics in the composition of volatile compounds compared with CF and WC. The results obtained in this study identified successfully the composition and content of volatile compounds in Perilla crop in South Korea. These results will provide useful information for industries and research related to Perilla crop.
Jellyfish detritus supports niche partitioning and metabolic interactions among pelagic marine bacteria
Authors: Tinta Tinkara , Zhao Zihao , Bayer Barbara , Herndl Gerhard J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Jellyfish blooms represent a significant but largely overlooked source of labile organic matter (jelly-OM) in the ocean, characterized by a high protein content. Decaying jellyfish are important carriers for carbon export to the ocean’s interior. To accurately incorporate them into biogeochemical models, the interactions between microbes and jelly-OM have yet to be fully characterized. We conducted jelly-OM enrichment experiments in microcosms to simulate the scenario experienced by the coastal pelagic microbiome after the decay of a jellyfish bloom. We combined metagenomics, endo- and exo-metaproteomic approaches to obtain a mechanistic understanding on the metabolic network operated by the jelly-OM degrading bacterial consortium.

Results

Our analysis revealed that OM released during the decay of jellyfish blooms triggers a rapid shuffling of the taxonomic and functional profile of the pelagic bacterial community, resulting in a significant enrichment of protein/amino acid catabolism-related enzymes in the jelly-OM degrading community dominated by Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Alteromonadaceae and Vibrionaceae, compared to unamended control treatments. In accordance with the proteinaceous character of jelly-OM, Pseudoalteromonadaceae synthesized and excreted enzymes associated with proteolysis, while Alteromonadaceae contributed to extracellular hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates and organophosphorus compounds. In contrast, Vibrionaceae synthesized transporter proteins for peptides, amino acids and carbohydrates, exhibiting a cheater-type lifestyle, i.e. benefiting from public goods released by others. In the late stage of jelly-OM degradation, Rhodobacteraceae and Alteromonadaceae became dominant, growing on jelly-OM left-overs or bacterial debris, potentially contributing to the accumulation of dissolved organic nitrogen compounds and inorganic nutrients, following the decay of jellyfish blooms.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that specific chemical and metabolic fingerprints associated with decaying jellyfish blooms are substantially different to those previously associated with decaying phytoplankton blooms, potentially altering the functioning and biogeochemistry of marine systems. We show that decaying jellyfish blooms are associated with the enrichment in extracellular collagenolytic bacterial proteases, which could act as virulence factors in human and marine organisms’ disease, with possible implications for marine ecosystem services. Our study also provides novel insights into niche partitioning and metabolic interactions among key jelly-OM degraders operating a complex metabolic network in a temporal cascade of biochemical reactions to degrade pulses of jellyfish-bloom-specific compounds in the water column.
Pattern and frequency of involuntary movements: hospital-based study
Authors: El Tallawy H. N. , Shalash A. S. , Abdelhamed M. A. , Elsabrout R. E.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aims to detect pattern and frequency and risk factors of movement disorders in Assiut university hospital.

Methods

This is a hospital-based study, all patients with involuntary movements, attending Assiut university hospital; inpatient and outpatient clinics.

Results

Most of cases were males (58.5%), within the age group between 20 and 60 years (59.2%) and illiterate (62.8%). In our study parkinsonism was the most common movement disorder (32.1%), followed by chorea (22.5%), then dystonia (17.8%).

Conclusions

Movement disorders are common cause of disability of patients in our study, with high frequency attending our hospital inpatient department and outpatient clinic, highlighting the need for future specialized movement disorder clinic in our hospital, promoting health care and management of patients. With the need of further studies regarding management of such patients.
Bladder-Sparing Treatment With Radical Dose Radiotherapy Is an Effective Alternative to Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Clinically Node-Positive Nonmetastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Swinton Martin , Mariam Neethu Billy Graham , Tan Jean Ling , Murphy Katherine , Elumalai Thiraviyam , Soni Manjusha , Ferrera Alexandra , Richardson Charlotte , Walshaw Richard , Mistry Hitesh , Ramani Vijay , Song Yeepei , Birtle Alison , Henry Ann , Chan Joachim , Hoskin Peter , Choudhury Ananya
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE

Bladder-sparing trimodal therapy (TMT) is an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) according to international guidelines. However, there are limited data to guide management of nonmetastatic clinically node-positive bladder cancer (cN+ M0 BCa). We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of survival outcomes in node-positive patients to inform practice.

METHODS

Data from patients diagnosed with cN+ M0 BCa were collected from participating UK Oncology centers offering both TMT and RC. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes were collected with details of treatment and clinical factors.

RESULTS

A total of 287 patients with cN+ M0 BCa were included in the survival analysis. Median OS across all patients was 1.55 years (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.82 years). Receiving radical treatments was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.44; P < .001) compared with receiving palliative treatment. Radically treated patients (n = 163) received RC (n = 76) or radical dose radiotherapy (RT, n = 87); choice of radical treatment showed no association with OS (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.41; P = .76) or PFS (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.08; P = .12) on multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSION

Patient cohorts with cN+ M0 BCa had equivalent survival outcomes whether treated with surgery or radical RT. Given the known morbidities of RC—in a patient group with poor survival—this study confirms that bladder-sparing TMT treatment should be a treatment option available to all patients with cN+ M0 BCa.
Factors influencing the effectiveness of nature-based interventions (NBIs) aimed at improving mental health and wellbeing: Protocol of an umbrella review
Authors: Shrestha Topaz , Chi Cheryl Voon Yi , Cassarino Marica , Foley Sarah , Di Blasi Zelda
Published: July 2023

Several systematic reviews support the use of nature–based interventions (NBIs) as a mechanism of enhancing mental health and wellbeing. However, the available evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions is fragmentary and mixed. The heterogeneity of existing evidence and significant fragmentation of knowledge within the field make it difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding the effectiveness of NBIs. This mixed method umbrella review aims to synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of nature–based interventions through a summative review of existing published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Greenfile, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Environment Complete (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Health Policy Reference Centre and Google Scholar will be performed from inception to present. The search strategy will aim to find published systematic reviews of nature–based interventions (NBIs) where improving health and wellbeing is an explicit goal. This is a mixed method review, and systematic reviews with both quantitative and qualitative data synthesis will be considered. Two authors will independently perform the literature search, record screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of each included systematic review and meta-analysis. The individual qualitative and quantitative syntheses will be conducted in parallel and combined in an overarching narrative synthesis. The quantitative evidence will be used to assess the strength and direction of the effect of nature–based interventions on mental health and wellbeing outcomes. Evidence drawn from qualitative studies will be analysed and synthesised to understand the various pathways to engagement, involvement process and experiential factors that may mediate experiences. The risk of bias of the systematic reviews will be assessed using a 16-item Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklist.

Trail registration: This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022329179).
Analysis of human invasive cytotrophoblasts demonstrates mosaic aneuploidy
Authors: Weier Jingly F. , Ferlatte Christy , Baumgartner Adolf , Nguyen Ha Nam , Weier Beatrice A. , Weier Heinz-Ulrich G.
Published: July 2023

A total of 24 chromosome-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probes for interphase nucleus analysis were developed to determine the chromosomal content of individual human invasive cytotrophoblasts derived from in vitro cultured assays. At least 75% of invasive cytotrophoblasts were hyperdiploid and the total number of chromosomes ranged from 47 to 61. The results also demonstrated that these hyperdiploid invasive cytotrophoblasts showed significant heterogeneity. The most copy number gains were observed for chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 19, 21, and 22 with average copy number greater than 2.3. A parallel study using primary invasive cytotrophoblasts also showed a similar trend of copy number changes. Conclusively, 24-chromosome analysis of human non-proliferating cytotrophoblasts (interphase nuclei) was achieved. Hyperdiploidy and chromosomal heterogeneity without endoduplication in invasive cytotrophoblasts may suggest a selective advantage for invasion and short lifespan during normal placental development.
How does environmental punishment affect regional green technology innovation?—Evidence from Chinese Provinces
Authors: Wang Wei , Wen Jie , Luo Zhigao , Luo Wenyi
Published: July 2023

As an important means of environmental regulation, environmental punishment lacks in empirical evidence on its impact on regional green technology innovation in China. Based on panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper systematically examines the relationship between environmental punishment and regional green technology innovation. It is found that environmental punishment has the quantity and quality enhancing effects on regional green technology innovation, and the quantity enhancing effect is greater than the quality enhancing effect. There is no significant effect difference between monetary punishment and non monetary punishment on green technology innovation effect, but the effect of punishment on institutions is obviously greater than that of punishment on individuals. And the performance of ecological provinces and provinces with better legal environment is also relatively better. Environmental punishment enhances the quantity and quality of green technology innovation through pressure, and improves the quality of green technology innovation through deterrence. Besides, in China, deterrence promotes regional green technology innovation together with the Central Government’s environmental protection inspection, the national green manufacturing strategies and other policies concerned.
Kidney damage on fertility and pregnancy: A Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ren Jin , Huang Qiuyan , Lie Xiaowei , Tong Xingli , Yao Qi , Zhou Ge
Published: July 2023

Background

Low fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes are commonly observed in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, a causal relationship between low fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes with CKD remains unclear. Besides, whether mild kidney dysfunction can affect fertility and pregnancy still needs exploration. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the causal effect of kidney damage on fertility and pregnancy using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

We first used two-sample MR to examine the effects of kidney damage on fertility and pregnancy. Next, we introduced the Bayesian model averaging MR analysis to detect major causal relationships and render the results robust. The genetic instruments and outcome data were derived from various large genome-wide association studies.

Results

Adverse pregnancy outcomes: Our analyses supported a suggestive causal effect of CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rapid on stillbirth, with CKD having an odds ratio (OR) of 1.020 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002 to 1.038] and eGFR rapid having an OR of 1.026 (95% CI 1.004–1.048). We also discovered a suggestive causal effect of eGFR on spontaneous abortion, with an OR of 2.63 (95% CI 1.269 to 5.450). Moreover, increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was regarded as a potential risk factor for pre-eclampsia (OR = 1.936; 95% CI 1.065 to 3.517) and gestational hypertension (OR = 1.700; 95% CI 1.002 to 2.886). Fertility assessment: The results indicated that eGFR and UACR had a suggestive causal relationship with the anti-Müllerian hormone level (eGFR beta: 1.004; UACR beta: 0.405).

Conclusions

Our study used MR to demonstrate a suggestive causal relationship between kidney damage and fertility and pregnancy. We reported that mild kidney dysfunction might be a risk factor for reduced fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Dynamic renal detection may help preserve fertility and reduce the risk of pregnancy loss.
Rational social distancing in epidemics with uncertain vaccination timing
Authors: Schnyder Simon K. , Molina John J. , Yamamoto Ryoichi , Turner Matthew S.
Published: July 2023

During epidemics people may reduce their social and economic activity to lower their risk of infection. Such social distancing strategies will depend on information about the course of the epidemic but also on when they expect the epidemic to end, for instance due to vaccination. Typically it is difficult to make optimal decisions, because the available information is incomplete and uncertain. Here, we show how optimal decision-making depends on information about vaccination timing in a differential game in which individual decision-making gives rise to Nash equilibria, and the arrival of the vaccine is described by a probability distribution. We predict stronger social distancing the earlier the vaccination is expected and also the more sharply peaked its probability distribution. In particular, equilibrium social distancing only meaningfully deviates from the no-vaccination equilibrium course if the vaccine is expected to arrive before the epidemic would have run its course. We demonstrate how the probability distribution of the vaccination time acts as a generalised form of discounting, with the special case of an exponential vaccination time distribution directly corresponding to regular exponential discounting.
Evaluating the impact of injury prevention interventions in child and adolescent sports using the RE-AIM framework and CERT: A systematic review
Authors: Hughes Thomas , O’Hara John , Burton Alan , London Nick , Emmonds Stacey
Published: July 2023

Background

Participation in sport is a popular pastime for children and adolescents that improves their physical health, mental health and motor skills. Musculoskeletal injuries are a relatively common downside of sports participation and can have negative long-term consequences. Injury prevention programmes have demonstrated effectiveness in child and adolescent sports, provided compliance is adequate. However, little is known about the factors which relate to their impact on the wider community and whether the prevention programmes have been adopted and maintained in the long-term. The objective of this review was to assess the current literature on exercise-based injury prevention interventions in child and adolescent sports (aged under 19 years) against the‘Reach’,‘Effectiveness’,‘Adoption’,‘Implementation’,‘Maintenance’(RE-AIM) framework and Consensus of Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), to ascertain level of reporting for the components which relate to external validity.

Methods

Seven electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and The Cochrane Library, were searched from date of inception to July 2022 using the themes of: ‘Child and Adolescent’,‘Sport’,‘Injury’ and ‘Prevention’. Eligibility criteria included: Experimental trial design, exercise-based intervention programmes, primary outcome of injury incidence and participants aged under 19 years. Two reviewers assessed each trial independently against the RE-AIM model dimension items checklist (RE-AIM MDIC) and Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) before reaching a consensus on reporting.

Results

Forty-five unique trials met the eligibility criteria. Mean reporting level for all studies across the whole RE-AIM MDIC was 31% (SD ± 16.2%, Range 7–77%). The domain of‘effectiveness’was the most comprehensively reported (60%), followed by‘implementation’(48%),‘reach’(38%),‘adoption’(26%) and‘maintenance’(7%). The mean reporting score for the CERT was 50% (SD ± 20.8, range 0–81%).

Conclusion

Published data on injury prevention in child and adolescent sports is highly focussed on the effectiveness of the intervention, with little consideration given to how it will be adopted and maintained in the long-term. This has led to considerable gaps in knowledge regarding optimal programme implementation, with a lack of data on adoption and maintenance contributing to the gap between research and practice. Future research needs to place greater focus on external validity and consider incorporating the study of implementation and feasibility as part of effectiveness trial design. This approach should provide the data that will help narrow the considerable gap between science and practice.

Trial registration

PROSPERO Registration numberCRD42021272847.
Prevalence of Osteopathy In Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Facciorusso Antonio , Maida Marcello , Capurso Gabriele , Chandan Saurabh , Spadaccini Marco , Rossi Roberta Elisa , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro , Duggan Sinead , Conwell Darwin L. , Hart Phil A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

& Aims: Individuals with chronic pancreatitis are at increased risk for nutritional complications during their clinical course. We appraised the literature to provide updated estimates of the prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteopathy in chronic pancreatitis using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

Search strategies were developed for major databases from inception through October 2021. Outcomes of interest included rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis based on DXA scan as well as risk factors. A random effects model was used for analysis and results were expressed as pooled cumulative rates along with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

From an initial total of 1704 identified articles, we ultimately selected 17 studies which involved 1,659 subjects (n=1067 men) with chronic pancreatitis. The pooled rate of osteopathy was 58% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 49% - 67%; P <0.001; I2 = 91.8%). The pooled rate of osteoporosis was 18% (95% CI: 12% - 23%; P <0.001; I2 = 86.3%), while the pooled rates of osteopenia was 39% (95% CI: 31% - 48%; P <0.001; I2 = 91.53%). In the systematic review, factors associated with decreased bone mineral density included smoking, alcohol consumption, older age, female sex, low BMI, and decreased vitamins D and K and fecal elastase levels.

Conclusion:

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have high rates of osteopathy when assessed with DXA imaging. Additional studies with longitudinal follow-up are needed to understand the observed heterogeneity, the cumulative burden of disease, and rate of bone loss in CP.
THE PRACTICE OF SUBSTITUTE HEIRS IN INDONESIAN RELIGIOUS COURT: Restricted Interpretation
Authors: Mu’in Fathul , Faisal Faisal , Fikri Arif , Asnawi Habib Shulton , Nawawi M Anwar
Published: July 2023

As part of reformation outcomes, the substitute heir in Islamic inheritance law has been long heeded by Indonesian jurists. However, amidst the facet of the traditional scheme, Indonesian Religious Court judges (judex factie) have not shared the same implementation of this succession. This article endeavors to examine the practice of substitute heir in the field. Relies on the Religious Court decisions as the primary source, this article argues that the norm of substitute heir (Article 185 of The Compilation of Islamic Law) has been implemented restrictedly according to The Compilation and the Supreme Court consensus. Restricted interpretation means the descendants of the pre-deceased side-relative was not accounted as substitute heir. It implies that the state reformation attempt in Islamic inheritance law has not come into play in the way the state desires.[Sebagai bagian dari hasil reformasi, substitute heir dalam hukum waris Islam telah lama diperhatikan oleh para ahli hukum Indonesia. Namun, di tengah sisi skema tradisional, hakim Pengadilan Agama Indonesia (judex factie) belum memiliki kesamaan pelaksanaan suksesi ini. Artikel ini mencoba mengkaji praktek penerapan substitute heir di lapangan. Berpijak pada putusan Pengadilan Agama sebagai sumber data utama, artikel ini berargumen bahwa norma ahli waris pengganti (Pasal 185 Kompilasi Hukum Islam) telah dilaksanakan secara terbatas menurut Kompilasi dan konsensus Mahkamah Agung. Penafsiran terbatas berarti keturunan dari kerabat menyamping yang telah meninggal dunia terlebih dahulu tidak diperhitungkan sebagai ahli waris pengganti. Ini menyiratkan bahwa upaya reformasi negara dalam hukum waris Islam belum diterapkan sesuai yang diinginkan negara.]
ANALISA TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS SISTEM PERBAIKAN DAUN PROPELLER YANG PATAH PADA KM. MANDIRI DUA TANPA DOCKING
Authors: Manik Parlindungan
Published: July 2023

At a sailing in a territorial to sea or river, ship propeller frequently collide object or foreign object which float, causing damage at propeller, throw in the form of curving, crack or broken at propeller blade. When this damage do not improve immediately; repaired will generate harm effect to ship construction or parts of machinery. Therefore ship should be immediately to repair (emergency docking) to improve the propeller. But is not easy to get docking space to repair because docking space schedule is very strike, existing graving dock in country. So that ship have to kick one's heels to be able to docking space, which meaning of big loss of time and also expense. The air of this research technical analysis possibility implementation to propeller repairf by floating repair system in territorial water closest with damage location of propeller and compare efficiency economic value and time if repair of propeller done in graving dock or executed by floating repair in graving dock. In this research, repair propeller without docking can be executed by arranging ship trim by arranging ballast tank to be reached space which last for working. Hereinafter worked repair of blade propeller thickly , pitch, aerofoil, wide of blade, obtained mains material type from source which have been collected by either from Owner Surveyor, picture - technique picture and also blade propeller which still goodness. Result of analysis indicate that technically repair of propeller which broken can be executed without docking and economically will be more be efficient up to 700%,in comparison with executed in Graving Dock, and will be more be efficient up to 300% when compared with executed in floating repair system
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GAS O2 PADA PENGELASAN CO2 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA INTI FLUKS DAN SOLID TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIS DAN VISUAL BASE METAL ST42 MARINE PLAT
Authors: Budi Santosa Ari Wibawa
Published: July 2023

Weld CO2 is processing electric arc welding where gas carbondioksida or CO2 as component of metal fluid canopy where at welder process there will be liquefaction of metal, in order not to invite oxidation process, what causes the happening of porosity at weldment metal. Where porosity will reduce strength to draw the metal. At welder process surely happened liquefaction process of metal. Liquefaction of the metal because hot influence where temperature dissociation energy of diatomic used by electric current and oksidator attachment, to get strong weld joint is by enough temperature to liquefy metal which will be jointed, where increasingly temperature would increasingly in and the metal wide melts. If happened addition of gas O2 at welder process hence adding oxidation process meaning to increasingly temperature. In consequence is applied welding flux core electrode to lessen porosity generated by temperature. Purpose of this research to know strength value draws, bending and visual from result of weld welder CO2 with addition of gas O2 counted 0%, 5%, 10% at steel ST42 joint I plate Thick 10 mm Marine Plate with welding flux core electrode and Solid. Method used in this research is experiment method, that is experimental method directly to object. In this case steel ST42 joint I Thick plate 10 mm 24 piece weld by using gas CO2. To get research data is applied observation method by using testing machine draws and bending and test EDSA. Data which collected then is analysed the correlation. Result of research shows existence of strength difference to draw and bending and penetration depth between additions of gas O2 counted 0%, 5% and 10% with welding flux core electrode and Solid. Based on result of research suggested in doing welder kontruksi steel ST42 with Thick 10 mm joint I at weld process CO2 majoring strength to draw suggested to applies welding flux core electrode with current 230 A, while majoring strength of compress is suggested to applies electrode solid, that strength draws and compress and penetration either from result of maximum weldment.
ANALISA PENGARUH PERUBAHAN PANJANG CHORD DAN KETEBALAN BLADE PADA TURBIN PEMBANGKIT TENAGA ARUS DENGAN METODE CFD
Authors: Trimulyono Andi , Andriawan Ryan
Published: July 2023

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has territorial waters wider than the land, so the Indonesian seas provide a very large alternative energy, such as energy produced from ocean currents. This energy can produce a very large kinetic energy and environmentally friendly. During this ocean current energy generation power that has developed and patented a type of Darrieus Water Turbine propulsion and turbine vertical Axiz kobolt. In this study, using a turbine with NACA 0018 foil type, by modifying the NACA 0018 foil with changing chord length and thickness of the blade to get a big lift and drag are smaller than the foil using a standard numerical method Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Single foil modified by reducing the thickness of the blade to be at 50%, 80%, 95% decline in the value of CL and the ratio CL / CD. While the modifications with the addition of a chord of 5%, 10%, 15% an increase in the value of CL and the ratio CL / CD. Based on these results the best modifications for a single foil is to increase the length of 15% chord. As for the best modification of the group for the thickness is the thickness of 95% occurred at 9.9 seconds with a maximum torque Nm ² 1,72.10 and chord length for modification is the addition of 5% occurred in 4.3 seconds with a maximum torque of 1,84.10 Nm ²
War on People
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: July 2023

A War on People takes up two interrelated concerns increasingly of import to political anthropologists and theorists. The first is the seemingly widespread lack of motivation for participating in political activity. The second is the political and intellectual focus on critique rather than on offering alternatives for possible futures. This book addresses these concerns by offering an ethnographically and theoretically rich look at the political and ethical activity of some unlikely political actors—active and former users of heroin and crack cocaine. Despite this unlikelihood, however, this book shows and argues that the globally networked anti–drug war movement—organized and run by drug users—is, in fact, at the forefront of offering an alternative political and social imaginary. In particular, the book focuses on how this anti–drug war imaginary and political activity is enacting nonnormative, open, and relationally inclusive alternatives to such key ethical-political concepts as community, freedom, and care. Ultimately, A War on People argues that in a contemporary condition increasingly characterized by widely diffused complexity and war as governance, an anthropology of potentiality is needed to discern and creatively conceptualize the emerging not-yet of the worlds we research and inhabit.