bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dust Polarization in Four Protoplanetary Disks at 3 mm: Further Evidence of Multiple Origins
Authors: Harrison Rachel E. , Looney Leslie W. , Stephens Ian W. , Li Zhi-Yun , Yang Haifeng , Kataoka Akimasa , Harris Robert J. , Kwon Woojin , Muto Takayuki , Momose Munetake
Published: May 2019

We present polarimetric observations of four Class II protoplanetary disks (DG Tau, Haro 6–13, RY Tau, and MWC 480) taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 3 mm. The polarization morphologies observed fall into two distinct categories: azimuthal polarization (DG Tau and Haro 6–13) and polarization parallel to the disk minor axis (RY Tau and MWC 480). The mechanisms responsible for disk polarization at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths are currently under debate. In this Letter, we investigate two mechanisms capable of producing polarized dust emission in disks: self-scattering and grain alignment to the radiation anisotropy. The polarization morphologies of DG Tau and Haro 6–13 are broadly consistent with that expected from radiation alignment (though radiative alignment still does not account for all of the features seen in these disks), while RY Tau and MWC 480 are more consistent with self-scattering. Such a variation in the polarized morphology may provide evidence of dust grain size differences between the sources.
Release calls of four species of Phyllomedusidae (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: Mângia Sarah , Camurugi Felipe , Pereira Elvis Almeida , Carvalho Priscila , Röhr David Lucas , Folly Henrique , Santana Diego José
Published: May 2019

Anurans emit a variety of acoustic signals in different behavioral contexts during the breeding season. The release call is a signal produced by the frog when it is inappropriately clasped by another frog. In the family Phyllomedusidae, this call type is known only for Pithecophusayeaye. Here we describe the release call of four species: Phyllomedusabahiana, P.sauvagii, Pithecopusrohdei, and P.nordestinus, based on recordings in the field. The release calls of these four species consist of a multipulsed note. Smaller species of the Pithecopus genus (P.ayeaye, P.rohdei and P.nordestinus), presented shorter release calls (0.022–0.070 s), with higher dominant frequency on average (1508.8–1651.8 Hz), when compared to the bigger Phyllomedusa (P.bahiana and P.sauvagii) (0.062–0.107 s; 798.7–1071.4 Hz). For phyllomedusid species, the release call might indicate a phylogenetic signal, because species of the same genus have similar acoustic traits.
Cardiovascular Event Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared with Type 2 Diabetes: A 15-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Agca Rabia , Hopman Luuk H.G.A. , Laan Koen J.C. , van Halm Vokko P. , Peters Mike J.L. , Smulders Yvo M. , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Nijpels Giel , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Voskuyl Alexandre E. , Boers Maarten , Lems Willem F. , Nurmohamed Michael T.
Published: May 2019

Objective.

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) risk is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, longterm followup studies investigating this risk are scarce.

Methods.

The CARRÉ (CARdiovascular research and RhEumatoid arthritis) study is a prospective cohort study investigating CVD and its risk factors in 353 patients with longstanding RA. CV endpoints were assessed at baseline and 3, 10, and 15 years after the start of the study and are compared to a reference cohort (n = 2540), including a large number of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM).

Results.

Ninety-five patients with RA developed a CV event over 2973 person-years, resulting in an incidence rate of 3.20 per 100 person-years. Two hundred fifty-seven CV events were reported in the reference cohort during 18,874 person-years, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.36 per 100 person-years. Age- and sex-adjusted HR for CV events were increased for RA (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.57–2.72, p < 0.01) and DM (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02–2.22, p = 0.04) compared to the nondiabetic participants. HR was still increased in RA (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32–2.50, p < 0.01) after additional adjustment for CV risk factors. Patients with both RA and DM or insulin resistance had the highest HR for developing CVD (2.21, 95% CI 1.01–4.80, p = 0.046 and 2.67, 95% CI 1.30–5.46, p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion.

The incidence rate of CV events in established RA was more than double that of the general population. Patients with RA have an even higher risk of CVD than patients with DM. This risk remained after adjustment for traditional CV risk factors, suggesting that systemic inflammation is an independent contributor to CV risk.
Erreurs méthodologiques dans l’évaluation des projets d’investissement
Authors: Boyer Marcel
Published: May 2019

Malgré les développements et enseignements récents en évaluation de projets d’investissement, des erreurs analytiques perdurent, représentant autant d’approches non conformes aux meilleures pratiques. Dans cet article, nous présentons cinq de ces méprises, toutes sources de biais dans l’évaluation des investissements : utiliser le coût de financement du gouvernement comme coût du capital (taux d’actualisation) dans l’évaluation des investissements publics plutôt qu’une approche intégrant le coût du risque transféré et supporté par les contribuables ; utiliser le coût moyen pondéré du capital (CMPC) de l’entreprise pour évaluer l’ensemble de ses investissements plutôt que des taux différenciés en fonction des niveaux et profils de risque des projets ; utiliser la value actualisée nette (VAN) avec un seul taux d’actualisation des flux financiers nets d’un projet lorsque ce projet est tributaire de multiples sources de risque systématique plutôt qu’une approche VAN optimisée (VANO) ; utiliser la VAN lorsque le gestionnaire du projet peut modifier, accélérer, ralentir, voire reporter ou abandonner le projet en cours de réalisation plutôt qu’une approche valorisation options réelles (VOR) ; utiliser la personnalité juridique des partenaires dans les projets de partenariat public/privé plutôt que la nature des risques effectivement partagés et supportés par chacun. Bien que ces erreurs soient davantage présentes pour certaines dans le public, pour d’autres dans le privé, on les retrouve dans plusieurs décisions des opérateurs, gestionnaires et managers des deux secteurs. Elles peuvent engendrer d’importantes pertes de valeur pour les entreprises et organisations privées et publiques.
Monetary Policy Frame works after the Global Financial Crisis: is there a Convergence Towards an Integrated Inflation Targeting (IIT)?
Authors: Pereira da Silva Luiz A.
Published: May 2019

Cet article revient sur l’évolution des cadres de politique monétaire après la crise financière mondiale, en se concentrant sur les pays à revenu intermédiaire qui ont adopté un régime de ciblage de l’inflation. Ces pays sont confrontés à des difficultés découlant des flux de capitaux importants, de la volatilité des taux de change et des booms du crédit qui menacent leur stabilité financière. Pour y remédier, ils ont combiné les interventions sur les marchés des changes, les outils macroprudentiels et la politique monétaire dans un « régime intégré de ciblage de l’inflation » visant à atteindre les objectifs de stabilité macroéconomique et financière. L’approche est intégrée car les politiques monétaires et macroprudentielles opèrent principalement par les mêmes canaux de transmission. Elles ont toutes deux une incidence sur le coût des emprunts publics et, par conséquent, sur la croissance du crédit, qui a toujours été liée à l’instabilité macro économique et financière. En ce sens, cette expérience pourrait tirer des enseignements utiles pour certains pays à revenu plus élevé qui sont aussi des économies ouvertes soumises à des défis similaires.
Au marché des conversations anonymes : parler de soi en exil
Authors: Gimel Josué , Milliot Virginie
Published: May 2019

Lors de deux enquêtes ethnographiques menées dans les cafés du quartier des Quatre-Chemins entre Aubervilliers et Pantin et sur les marchés informels d’objets de récupération Porte Montmartre, les auteurs se sont intéressés aux formes de sociabilité publique qui animent ces univers de précarité et de déracinement. L’article montre que l’anonymat permet des jeux conversationnels et des récits de vie qui jouent un rôle déterminant en termes de construction du soi.
Combination of microwave and gamma irradiation for reduction of aflatoxin B1 and microbiological contamination in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Patil H. , Shah N.G. , Hajare S.N. , Gautam S. , Kumar G.
Published: May 2019

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a natural carcinogen commonly present in food and feed which has deleterious effects on human and animal health. Combination treatment of microwave heating and gamma irradiation has been investigated. Artificially spiked peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were used with a concentration of 300 μg/kg of AFB1 to evaluate the treatment efficacy. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of AFB1 was carried out by one dimensional thin layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Gamma irradiation (5, 7 and 9 kGy) alone reduced 20 to 43% of AFB1, while, only low power microwave heating (360, 480 and 600 W) reduced it by 59 to 67%. The synergistic effect of a combination treatment at 7 and 9 kGy of irradiation at any of the chosen microwave power levels and sequence of treatment was able to reduce >95% in artificially spiked peanuts. Knowing the limitation of ELISA, an Ames test was employed to determine the mutagenicity of AFB1 in combination-treated (7 kGy and 600 W) artificially spiked peanut samples, resulting in an 80-85% reduction of its mutagenicity. Quality parameters of peanuts in terms of moisture content, water activity, hardness, colour, peroxide value and free fatty acid were evaluated and observed to be retained after combination treatments. Post-treatment sensory analysis in respect of appearance, colour, texture, taste, aftertaste and overall acceptability gave satisfactory scores. The microbiological safety of treated peanuts (exclusive and combination of 7 kGy and 360-600 W) was assessed in terms of total bacterial count, aerobic spore count, and yeast and mould count. The microbiological load was completely eliminated after exclusive gamma irradiation or the combination treatments. Combination treatment (7 kGy and 600 W) demonstrated 71 to 87% reduction in AFB1 from naturally contaminated peanuts and is recommended for further commercial application.
Futurs apocalyptiques
Authors: Bessire Lucas
Published: May 2019

Cet article décrit la topographie sociale du futurisme apocalyptique chez les Ayoreo du Paraguay, récemment contactés, afin d’examiner les nouvelles manières d’être au monde qui émergent dans un contexte post-contact très difficile. Il montre que le futurisme apocalyptique dépasse les limites temporelles à la fois de la « culture traditionnelle » et du « christianisme ». Fondé sur les spectres de la violence, ce futurisme procède de la certitude que la survie biologique exige une redéfinition profonde de l’humanité. Les sensibilités apocalyptiques ne se réduisent pas à des valeurs locales ou à la transcendance de la mort. Elles redessinent plutôt le seuil qui oppose humains et non-humains.
Faire le deuil d’un monde qui meurt
Authors: Chamel Jean
Published: May 2019

Le catastrophisme né des enjeux écologiques peut-il être pensé comme apocalyptique ? Tel semble être le cas pour un réseau franco-suisse de « collapsologues » qui anticipent non pas la fin du monde mais la fin d’un monde ouvrant sur une nouvelle civilisation. Ils insistent sur la nécessité de mener une transformation intérieure, au croisement de l’écologie et des spiritualités alternatives, en explorant des pratiques de reconnexion à soi, au vivant et à la Terre associées au New Age. Cette écologie spirituelle peut en effet être interprétée comme une résurgence apocalyptique de ce courant, dont la dimension millénariste était présente dès l’origine.
Undermining life
Authors: Krøijer Stine , Kollöffel Mike
Published: May 2019

Since 2015 Ende Gelände has become the slogan of a growing anti-coal movement in Germany, which has united around protests against the continued expansion of lignite mining in the country. The slogan plays on the double of meaning of “an area coming to an end” and “a practice in an area being ended”, pinpointing in this way both the main problem with mining and its possible solution. In this essay we visually convey the landscapes of destruction in a German brown coal region, and argue that the massive destruction of the landscape works as a synecdoche for the apocalypse. Local villagers’ experiences of having their form of life ended owing to open-cast mining, and radical environmental activists’ ongoing preparations for a Day X and an ensuing post-apocalyptic scenario, entail a substitution of the area (gelände) for the whole world.
Former une communauté par la fin
Authors: Haddad Élise
Published: May 2019

De nombreuses images médiévales représentent la fin du monde terrestre. Le Jugement dernier en est la forme la plus connue aujourd’hui, surtout en sculpture monumentale. C’est lui qui, à partir du xiiie siècle, orne presque chaque façade des cathédrales gothiques conservées jusqu’à nos jours. Dans ce texte, nous remontons à des époques antérieures, pour décrire la variété des représentations eschatologiques qui se développent jusqu’au xiie siècle. À la fin des temps vient l’Apocalypse – mais laquelle ? Révélation de la conformité du monde avec l’ordre divin ou explication de son irréductible déchéance, discours politique, spirituel – ou plus souvent les deux à la fois –, mais aussi témoignage privilégié d’une cosmologie : l’Apocalypse donne lieu à des mises en images dont sont examinés les variantes et les enjeux sociaux.
Signalétique de l’apocalypse
Authors: Ogorzelec-Guinchard Laetitia
Published: May 2019

Comment élaborer une signalétique propre à dissuader toute personne de s’introduire dans les sites d’enfouissement de déchets radioactifs au cours des prochains millénaires ? C’est à ce défi que tentent de répondre les acteurs engagés dans les projets de centres de stockage en couche géologique profonde. Au regard des échelles de temps considérées, comment en effet garantir le confinement de la radioactivité ? Comment éviter les intrusions volontaires ou accidentelles ? Comment rendre tangible et signaler le danger de ces sites aux générations futures ? Cet article propose d’envisager certaines conséquences de l’horizon temporel sous lequel se placent les responsables français et américains de projets de centres d’enfouissement. Quelles prises sur le futur peuvent-ils se donner par-delà l’effondrement possible des institutions humaines ? Quelle forme d’apocalypse leurs projections révèlent-elles ?
CSR Practices and Theory of Planned Behavior in an Organizational Context
Authors: Guan Helen , Wang Carolyn
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of planned behavior to examine how managers' attitudes toward CSR, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control influence CSR practice in an organization. Previous CSR studies have paid less attention to how managers' perceived behaviors influence CSR practices in an organization. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from different organizations in the UK and USA. The results show managers' attitudes toward CSR, social pressures from stakeholders as subjective norms, and how managers' perceived behaviors affect CSR practices, in terms of how managers play important leadership roles in the relationship between their behaviors and CSR practices in an organization. This chapter makes a significant contribution to our understanding of why CSR is a kind of window dressing in an organization. It includes eight sections: introduction, the notion of CSR and CSR practices, theory of planned behavior and CSR practices, research method, discussion, conclusion, theoretical and practical implications, and limitations.
Intergenerational Governance and Leadership Around the World
Authors: Puaschunder Julia Margarete
Published: May 2019

In the eye of current intergenerational concerns, the study of global intergenerational balances leverages into a necessary and blatant demand but is up-to-date limited. Intertemporal transfers between generations have not been captured on a global scale. Pursuing to fill laissez-faire gaps on intergenerational concerns, outlining public or private sector endeavors in coordinating intergenerational exchange would provide concrete means how to balance intertemporal benefits and burdens between overlapping generations in a fair way. In the contemporary extensive writing on inequality, unraveling intergenerational equity opens ways to steer intertemporal social mobility. Therefore, the creation of a contemporary macroeconomic intergenerational transfer model with attention to public and private sector contributions as well as benefit and burden sharing are proposed and preliminary results presented.
Governance and Economic Growth in the Arab Region
Authors: Abdelbary Islam , Benhin James K. A.
Published: May 2019

The explanations for the failure of the Arab regimes to provide the kind of sound governance for their people that can deliver prosperity is undoubtedly a quite complex and nested issue. However, the most significant reasons have tended to be associated or rooted in the political legacy of dictatorship. This chapter attempts to contribute to the existing literature in three ways. First, it evaluates the governance system in Arab states not only from general view as most of the previous research but also from each aspect of institutions. Second, a comparative assessment is conducted between the Arab region to other developed and developing regions, and within the region itself to highlight the similarities and differences among the region's countries. Third, an examination is made of particular relationships concerning Arab governance, which has raised interesting issues in recent research.
The Economic Reform and Political Transition
Authors: Abdelbary Islam , Benhin James K. A.
Published: May 2019

The failures in the Arab development have strongly been attributed to a wave of protests that spread throughout most of the Arab region, popularly referred to as the “Arab Spring.” The Arab street seemed to have made clear that it is no longer willing to accept these models of reforms. To further understand the drivers and origins of the Arab Spring, this chapter contributes to investigating why Arab economies have failed to achieve sustained and inclusive development through evaluating the impact of socioeconomic reforms on economic performance. In other words, the chapter attempts to examine whether the performance of the region has been disappointing because ACs economies have lagged behind in terms of reforms or due to the reform programs themselves.
Simulative Approach to Realize All Optical-Frequency-Encoded Dibit-Based Integrated Logic Gates
Authors: Ghosh Bitan , Sarkar Partha Pratim
Published: May 2019

Optics is considered a potential candidate for the realization of logic devices, digital optical systems for communication, and computation exploiting its super-fast speed. Optical logic gates also can act on the basis of frequency conversion process of some nonlinear materials. Further, in this chapter, the authors have mentioned the dibit representation technique for reducing bit error problem at the input and output terminals of all optical digital logic circuits and a control input for selecting particular logic operation. Here the authors have proposed frequency encoded all optical dibit-based integrated AND and OR logic gates with control input, where a single circuit acts as both AND logic gate and OR logic gate using the optical switches like reflected semiconductor optical amplifier and add/drop multiplexer.
Language Patterns and Cognitive-Sentient Reality
Authors: Gaiseanu Florin
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores correlations between modern and ancient science as they apply to cognitive-sentient reality. The ancient wisdom and worldviews were based on a combination of reason and introspection—the frontier between certainty and uncertainty. This exploration was paramount in Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, Indian, and other cultures and philosophies. This contemplation is actually universal, and virtually all culture has contributed to the structuring of fundamental sentient patterns of cognitive reality. Taking into account some recent scientific discoveries at micro/macro levels, the concepts of certainty/uncertainty, and information science, the chapter argues the coincidence between the ancient model of chakras and a newer cognitive-informational model. Based on these correlations, a new model of cognitive-sentient exploration of reality (CSER) is discussed relative to its use as in analytical/synergistic model for research on cosmic sentience.
Human Cultural Evolution Is Completely Immersed in Natural Evolution
Authors: Holmgren Jan
Published: May 2019

Human culture is presently setting a disastrous mark on planet Earth, overexploiting its resources, causing global warming, causing mass extinctions. We appear already to be in a new geological period, the Anthropocene. The natural sciences are crucial for the understanding of those processes. Equally important are decisions in human culture to act on the large challenges in humane and rational ways. Whitehead's evolutionary Philosophy of Organism, with the introduction of atomic microfeels, inspires a coherent cosmology characterized by the basic position of human consciousness. The humane aspects (pre-physical, metaphysical) of human culture (e.g. the humanities, the religions, the arts) are shown to be importantly causal in the universe. Human empathy and altruism (loving attitudes) combined with rationalism and truthfulness must be enhanced as central ambitions in human societies, not least in areas like politics and economy. The suggested worldview, accepting complementarity, is named multi-aspect monism (MAM).
Liquid Humanitarianism
Authors: Rizvi Syed Ismyl Mahmood
Published: May 2019

Evolution is fluid, and it adapts to the shapes of its containers. This chapter contemplates the idea of liquid humanitarianism in the process of adapting to its cultural containers. True humanitarianism is evolving from the earlier stage defined by the term “humanism,” which has focused primarily on human self-interest rather than geocentric interest. Collective cognitive transcendence from a humanist state to a humanitarian state constitutes initiation into an infinite cosmic reality that is based on the emerging quantum perspective of science.
Myth and Storytelling
Authors: Boguszewicz-Kreft Monika , Kreft Jan , Żurek Piotr
Published: May 2019

Myth and mythologization have been accompanying organizations, their leaders, and even their products. Considering management, the history of an organization, its models, and underlying values undergo the process of mythologization. Myths are conveyed via storytelling. Considering the case of the Walt Disney Company, which has become a “narrative company,” the myth used to accompany its founder, who carefully developed it. Applied by the company and always present, storytelling has contributed to the corporate hegemony, strengthening a new marketing paradigm – “mythocracy,” a belief that an organization that has something to sell cannot do so without storytelling. At the same time, while the cultural heritage of Disney is fully commodified, storytelling becomes closer to propaganda. In the environment of digital media, a lot of our knowledge about an organization comes as a result of storytelling marketing, and the marketing-ization of an organization identity takes place. It usually occurs when the boundary between an organization and its receivers (producers) becomes blurred.
Mythologization of New Media Organizations Illustrated With the Example of Google
Authors: Hapek Monika Ewelina
Published: May 2019

Google is a corporation whose main objective, from the point of view of the critical theory, is to generate profit and maximize its shareholders' wealth. As an organization and as a browser, Google is accompanied by some myths. One of the myths related to Google is about the possibility of finding answers to all questions free of charge. The myths about the organization may be strengthened as a result of providing and sharing tools that satisfy all needs of the users. The organization is able to sustain the myth of being indispensable and omnipotent. In accordance with the interpretation under the critical theory, there is only an appearance of gratuitousness. This publication is to conduct a critical analysis of the Google myths that are sustained by the organization's strategy and to present them in line with the effort to maximize the profitability of the new media corporation being analyzed. The author thinks that the analysis of the myth in the context of the strategy constitutes an uncommunicated pattern that is, however, copied by numerous new media organizations.
Decline of Traditional Marketing Communication Forms in Generation Y
Authors: Kuczamer-Kłopotowska Sylwia , Aycı Ali
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents and discusses the validity of the hypothesis of the decline of the traditional marketing forms among millennials. Based on the literature analysis, the introduction deals with the theoretical aspects of marketing communication, both in its traditional and contemporary forms. The specific character of the Gen Y communication patterns is also presented, following some analyses of the literature and desk research. The empirical section presents the findings from a series of individual in-depth interviews conducted exclusively for this publication with Polish and Turkish millennials, as well as with some managers of an FMCG company. In conclusion, it can be said that the new media are definitely the most important communication channel for the aforementioned group of consumers, and similar tendencies (with some local differences) can be seen in both Turkish and Polish markets. However, it has been shown that not all the traditional media analyzed have lost relevance.
Three Dimensions of Myth in Post Advertising
Authors: Laberschek Marcin , Popiołek Malwina
Published: May 2019

This chapter addresses the issue of the myth in contemporary advertising. An example here is the campaign called “#polishboy” made by the Polish clothing company Reserved. The authors examine the various elements of the ad: “Help! Help! Polish boy wanted!:)” (here considered as a post ad), which appeared in social media in 2017, and caused a lot of emotional reactions among the internet users. Trying to analyze and explicate what influenced the fact that this controversial advertisement gained such popularity, the authors conducted a qualitative analysis pointing the different dimensions of the myth in the ad.
Cultural Experiences of Early Childhood Teachers and the Relationship to Self-Reported Multicultural Teaching Competencies
Authors: Onchwari Grace
Published: May 2019

Various studies around multicultural education have looked at ways to identify the multicultural teaching competencies teachers need to teach diverse learners. Many of these studies have closely focused on teacher's perceptions, sensitiveness and behavior. However, there are limited studies regarding how teacher's cultural experiences are associated with multicultural teaching competencies. This chapter looked at the cultural experiences of early childhood teachers and how those relate to the teacher's multicultural teaching competencies. Fifty-seven early childhood teachers were investigated that were recruited from a state early childhood education conference by completing The Wayson's multicultural teaching scale. Positive correlations were identified suggesting a possible link between teacher's cultural experiences and their multicultural teaching competencies.
Story Cubing Strategies
Authors: Amodei Michelle L. , Strong Laura J.
Published: May 2019

Educational expectations vary according to a child's culture. In the United States and many other parts of the world, the population of young people entering the educational system is becoming more culturally diverse. In response, educators seek new ways to adapt pedagogical practices to meet the needs of diverse learners. Storytelling is a universal approach that is practiced in many cultures, and story cubes are highly motivating because they encourage children's personal and relevant contributions while addressing the following language domains: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The first part of this chapter provides a framework for linking the needs of dual language learners to developmentally appropriate practices using storytelling, and the second part addresses the importance of storytelling for young children who are dual language learners while providing specific strategies for using story cubes as a culturally responsive approach to enhancing and supporting linguistic, social, and cognitive development.
A Comparative Study on the Curriculum in the Community-Based Chinese Heritage Language (CHL) Schools and Dual Language Immersion (DLI) Program
Authors: Yuan Shizhan
Published: May 2019

This chapter compares and contrasts the curriculum, pedagogy, instructional materials, and extracurricular activities in a community-based CHL school and a Chinese-English DLI program in a southeast state of the US to discern how each is promoting Chinese immigrant children's heritage language and cultural learning. The author also explored how each school was supported by the local community. The result of this study indicates that the curriculum of the community-based CHL school was more focusing on teaching heritage culture as well as the reading and writing of Chinese words. In the Chinese-English DLI program, its cultural study curriculum in the social studies classes was more focused on the US citizenship education. However, in the social studies classes, teachers in the DLI program were able to integrate more Chinese literacy learning activities into the subject content instruction.
PBL Implementation in Material Science and Engineering Education at Chinese Universities
Authors: Song Xiu
Published: May 2019

Traditional university education with ordinary lectures is changing to more practical and actively student-centered learning systems. Materials science and engineering is originally the study of actual engineering materials but now becomes more interdisciplinary and sophisticated in the rapidly advancing industrial society. It is very necessary to cultivate the practical materials engineers and it also becomes a big challenge for Chinese universities to make a change. PBL is one of the potential approaches for Chinese universities. This chapter describes PBL theories, discusses PBL principles, PBL models, and also some PBL experiences at Aalborg University. In addition, this chapter exposes how PBL could be applied to materials science and engineering education in Chinese universities, and a case of PBL implementation has been given to show the process of transformation from traditional education at Chinese universities to PBL in the materials science and engineering field.
The Change Towards PBL
Authors: Wang Fei
Published: May 2019

This chapter proposes the design of course groups PBL at program level for students from the BSc. programs of Robot Engineering (RE) at Northeastern University (NEU), China. The overall courses are divided into four groups throughout Grades 1 to 4. In this chapter, the authors provide background information about student cultivation and discipline construction in RE, and then they discuss correlation of characteristics between PBL and RE program, which indicates the reasons for applying PBL in RE. Finally, they introduce the detailed design of course groups.
Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Viral and Cellular Defective Ribosomal Products Encoded by Alternative Reading Frames
Authors: Zanker Damien J. , Oveissi Sara , Tscharke David C. , Duan Mubing , Wan Siyuan , Zhang Xiaomu , Xiao Kun , Mifsud Nicole A. , Gibbs James , Izzard Lenny , Dlugolenski Daniel , Faou Pierre , Laurie Karen L. , Vigneron Nathalie , Barr Ian G. , Stambas John , Van den Eynde Benoît J. , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Chen Weisan
Published: May 2019

The importance of antiviral CD8+ T cell recognition of alternative reading frame (ARF)–derived peptides is uncertain. In this study, we describe an epitope (NS1-ARF21–8) present in a predicted 14-residue peptide encoded by the +1 register of NS1 mRNA in the influenza A virus (IAV). NS1-ARF21–8 elicits a robust, highly functional CD8+ T cell response in IAV-infected BALB/c mice. NS1-ARF21–8 is presented from unspliced NS mRNA, likely from downstream initiation on a Met residue that comprises the P1 position of NS1-ARF21–8. Derived from a 14-residue peptide with no apparent biological function and negligible impacts on IAV infection, infectivity, and pathogenicity, NS1-ARF21–8 provides a clear demonstration of how immunosurveillance exploits natural errors in protein translation to provide antiviral immunity. We further show that IAV infection enhances a model cellular ARF translation, which potentially has important implications for virus-induced autoimmunity.
CUL7 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mediates the Degradation of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and Regulates the Ig Class Switch Recombination in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Luo Yuewen , Liu Yang , Wu Liyang , Ma Xiancai , Liu Qin , Huang Feng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Junsong , Luo Haihua , Yang Yanyan , Lu Gen , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua , Zeng Yixin , Pan Ting , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2019

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in Ig genes. The activity and protein levels of AID are tightly controlled by various mechanisms. In this study, we found that CUL7 E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically mediated AID ubiquitination. CUL7 overexpression or knockdown influenced the decay of AID, affecting AID protein levels and subsequently IgA class switching in CH12F3 cells, a mouse B lymphocyte cell line. Further analysis indicated that CUL7 mediated AID ubiquitination by forming a complex with FBXW11. In a CUL7fl/flCD19cre+ mouse model, we demonstrated that CUL7 knockout significantly enhanced AID protein levels in B cells in the germinal center and increased both the IgG1 and IgA class switching. Collectively, our results reveal a subtle regulation mechanism for tightly controlling AID protein levels. The manipulation of this pathway may be useful for regulating AID abundance and efficiency of Ig class switching and is therefore a potential target for developing immunologic adjuvants for vaccines of various pathogens such as HIV-1 and influenza viruses.
Thrombocytopenia in solid tumors: Prognostic significance
Authors: Ghanavat Majid , Ebrahimi Mina , Rafieemehr Hassan , Maniati Mahmood , Maleki Behzad Masumeh , Shahrabi Saeid
Published: May 2019

Solid tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that result from out-of-control proliferation of cells. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication among patients with solid tumors that predispose them to bleeding disorders. The aim of this review article is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the risk and incidence of thrombocytopenia in solid tumors. It can be argued that thrombocytopenia is a poor prognostic factor in solid tumors that can result from several factors such as polymorphism and mutation in some transcription factors and cytokines involved in megakaryocytic maturation or from the adverse effects of treatment. Therefore, an understanding of the exact mechanism of thrombocytopenia pathogenesis in each stage of solid tumors can help in developing therapeutic strategies to decrease bleeding complications in these malignancies.
Major-, minor-, and trace-element geochemistry of sulphide indicator minerals from surficial sediments,
southwestern Northwest Territories
Authors: King R D , Piercey S J , Paulen R C , Petrus J A
Published: May 2019

Till sample surveys were conducted near the headwaters of the Mackenzie River in 2007, 2008, and 2012, as part of the Northwest Territories Geological Survey's Protected Area Strategy surveys. Numerous sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite grains
were recovered from many of the till samples. No proximal, up-ice mineralized bedrock source for these sulphide grains has been found to date, with the nearest known outcropping bedrock source of sphalerite and galena being the Qito Pb-Zn showing (~274 km to the northeast) and the Pine Point
Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposit (~400 km to the east). The sulphide indicator mineral grains were analysed via electron probe micro analysis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine their major, minor and trace elemental composition to elucidate
their potential bedrock source and to characterize the potential host mineralization type. Sphalerite grains are Fe-poor, having up to 5.07 wt% (6.38 mol% FeS) with Cd abundances up to 2.21 wt% (0.97 mol% CdS); they also have variable Cu, Ga, Ge, In, Ag, Sn, As, Te, Sb, and Bi. Most
trace elements in galena are below the limit of detection with the exception of Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, and Bi. Similarly, most trace elements in chalcopyrite are in low abundance, with the exception of Zn, Ge, As, Se, Ag, In, Sn, and Bi. Arsenopyrite grains contain Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Se, Ag, In, Sb,
Te, Au, and Bi; all other elements analysed are below the detection limit. The trace element compositions of sphalerite and galena are indicative of deposition in a low temperature (and low aS2) environment, such as carbonate-hosted MVT Pb-Zn mineralization. Chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite mineral
chemical data do not provide signatures that are diagnostic of a specific deposit type.
Reducing the Rate of Blood Culture Contamination in the Emergency Department of a University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alshamrani Salma , Al-Surimi Khaled
Published: May 2019

Objective: Blood culture is an important laboratory test to determine bacteremia in Fungemia in patient's blood. Frequent blood culture contamination (BCC) leads to unnecessary treatment, waste of laboratory resources, and false-positive blood culture. The College of American Pathologist Accreditation states that monitoring of BCC rate should be within average 2%–3%. Based on May 2015 to May 2016 data at King Khalid University Hospital, it showed that we had experienced a consistent increase in BCC rate with an average of 4.6%. Emergency department (ED) had the highest contamination rate (5.7%). The aim of this study was to reduce the rate of contamination to <2%. Methods: A multidisciplinary quality team has been formed, (IHI) the institute for healthcare improvement model, used for improvement and other relevant quality tools for testing and implementing the choice of solution. Several plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles have been conducted to test the proposed solutions. All PDSA cycle data on the project measures were extracted from the lab information system to be analyzed and presented on run and control charts. Results: Over a 6-month period, a reduction in the BCC rate at the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital reached 1.5% compared with the baseline at 4.0%. There was a significant reduction in BCC in the adult ED, which reached zero rates. However, BCC in the pediatrics ED was reduced to 1.5%, resulting from changes that were proposed, tested, and implemented during the running period. Essentially, the results of this initiative both met and exceeded the benchmark by 2%–3%. Conclusion: Standardizing work processes based on updated policy and procedures, conducting regular audits, and sending feedback are practical evidence-based strategies that lead to reducing BCC in the ED.
Prevalence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) gene G894T polymorphism and its association with hypertension: a population-based study with Brazilian women
Authors: Lira Neto Abel Barbosa , Farias Myrla C. O. , Vasconcelos Nancy B. R. , Xavier Jr Antonio F. , Assunção Monica L. , Ferreira Haroldo S.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, accounting for millions of deaths each year. The reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the catalysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is associated with higher blood pressure (BP) levels. This reduction might be because of genetic polymorphisms. This study investigated the prevalence of the eNOS gene G894T polymorphism in women from northeast Brazil and its association with hypertension.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional study included 810 women (aged 19–49 years). Sociodemographic, health, anthropometric, and BP data were collected. Hypertension was defined according to the following criteria: systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg, the regular use of antihypertensive medication, or some combination thereof. Epithelial cells from the cheek mucosa were obtained for DNA extraction. Genotyping was performed via real-time PCR. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and its 95% CI as calculated via Poisson regression.

Results

The frequencies of the GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 57.1%, 35.7%, and 7.2%, respectively. For each of these genotypes, the prevalence of hypertension in women was 17.9%, 23.6%, and 34.4%, respectively. Relative to the GG genotype, the PRs after adjusting for cofounding factors were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.95–1.61, p = 0.11) for GT and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.16–2.67, p < 0.01) for TT.

Conclusions

The T allele of the G894T polymorphisms is associated with hypertension in women. This may have implications for prevention and treatment.
Cardiac parasympathetic modulation in the setting of radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Osório Thiago G. , Paparella Gaetano , Stec Sebastian , Chierchia Gian , Asmundis Carlo
Published: May 2019

The cardiac autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Although, pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone in today’s approach to atrial fibrillation ablation, a considerable proportion of patients will recur with atrial arrhythmias following this procedure, especially in the non-paroxysmal forms. The pulmonary vein isolation indirectly targets and ablate the ganglionated plexi. This might ultimately enhance the efficacy of the procedure, but an optimal ablation strategy and a reliable method to confirm and quantify the efficacy of vagal denervation following the procedure might be necessary, thus leading to significantly better results.
Does a virtual functional training induce cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults after a single session and over weeks?
Authors: Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz de , Oliveira Leonardo Dos Santos , Souza Alesandra Araujo de , Brito Aline De Freitas , Monte Raysa Catarina Cavalcante Figueredo do , Costa Manoel da Cunha
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Active video games (AVG) provide an attractive alternative to sedentary behaviours and may bring some health benefits. However, single-session and chronic cardiovascular effects of AVG remain unclear. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of single-session and 4-week virtual functional training on cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults.

Methods

In a pre-experimental study, 8 university students performed a 30-minute AVG session (Nike Kinect Training® game) at the intensity of 64% (based on heart rate [HR]) and twice a week for 4 weeks (8 sessions). HR and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after each session. A generalized estimating equation model and t-test were used to examine changes in cardiovascular responses over time (p < 0.05). Effect size was calculated by Cohen’s d.

Results

A single session did not promote post-exercise hypotension (PEH). However, SBP (6.6–9.0 mm Hg) and DBP (4.5–5.5 mm Hg) decreased in 3/8 and 2/8 sessions, respectively. In pre/post-intervention comparisons at rest, small to large reduction effects were found for SBP (–3.0 mm Hg, d = 0.3), DBP (–4.7 mm Hg, d = 0.6), HR (–9 bpm, d = 0.8), and double product (–1389.3 mm Hg × bpm, d = 1.6).

Conclusions

Virtual functional training reduced cardiac workload (chronic effect) and promoted PEH in some sessions among normotensive adults. These findings have practical applications for improving physical activity with attractive exercise forms, which should be recommended for healthy people.
Validity of the Dickson index regarding primary school physical education
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Zanevska Lyudmyla
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The paper is dedicated to the problem of testing physical capacity in primary school with the use of the Ruffier-Dickson test. The research aimed to verify the Dickson index corrected for the children’s age with the intention of usage in primary school physical education.

Methods

Four groups of healthy males – aged 6, 7, 8, and 18 years – were randomly selected, 30 participants in each. One way ANOVA, t-test for independent samples, and intra-correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the validity of the Dickson index for the original and age-corrected functions. It was assumed that Dickson index values should not depend upon age among healthy participants in normal physical capacity.

Results

Invalidity of the original Dickson index for 6–8-year-old children was shown, with a significant difference of their results from those of the adults (p < 0.001). The use of the index formula corrected for the age of children gives no significant difference between all the groups (p = 0.817) and a good level of validity, taking into consideration the corresponding intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.688. This conclusion is supported with t-test results (p = 0.915), which show a rather good level of the test validity.

Conclusions

To guarantee the validity of the Dickson index, the results of heart rate measurements should be reduced proportionally to the ratio of a normal heart rate of the young patients’ population to the normal heart rate in adults.
Characteristics of people’s binge-watching behavior in the “entering into early adulthood” period of life
Authors: Starosta Jolanta , Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Lizińczyk Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Background

The study focuses on psychological conditions of the phenomenon of binge-watching. The aim of the article was to characterize the frequency and motivation to perform binge-watching in a group of young adults. Another goal of the research was to present the results of preliminary adaptation works on two scales that were previously non-existent in Polish literature, which may be used to study binge-watching.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 854 female and 150 male participants aged 19-26 years. The participants of the research were students of Polish universities. The following research methods were applied in the study: Polish adaptation of the Viewing Motivation Scale by Alan M. Rubin and the author’s tool – Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors by Jolanta Starosta.

Results

The conducted analysis revealed a significant association between high frequency of binge-watching and escape motivation (ρ = .55, p < .05) and motivation to deal with loneliness (ρ = .42, p < .05). Furthermore, these two motivations correlate signifi-cantly with such predictors of risk for behavioral addiction as Loss of control and neglect of duties and Emotional reactions. Research has shown that the Polish adaptation of the Viewing Motivation Scale and the Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors are tools that meet psychometric standards.

Conclusions

The study shows that participants have various motivations to binge-watch series. The individuals who binge-watch with the highest frequency had a tendency to have escape motivation and motivation to deal with loneliness. There are some relations with various motivation and frequency of binge-watching with risk factors for behavioral addiction. The methods presented in the study – the Viewing Motivation Scale and the Questionnaire of Excessive Binge-Watching Behaviors – may be useful in learning about the phenomenon of binge-watching.