bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoral optical coherence tomography and angiography combined with autofluorescence for dental assessment
Authors: Le Nhan , Lu Jie , Tang Peijun , Chung Kwok-Hung , Subhash Hrebesh , Kilpatrick-Liverman LaTonya , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: May 2022

There remains a clinical need for an accurate and non-invasive imaging
tool for intraoral evaluation of dental conditions. Optical coherence
tomography (OCT) is a potential candidate to meet this need, but the
design of current OCT systems limits their utility in the intraoral
examinations. The inclusion of light-induced autofluorescence (LIAF)
can expedite the image collection process and provides a large field
of view for viewing the condition of oral tissues. This study
describes a novel LIAF-OCT system equipped with a handheld probe
designed for intraoral examination of microstructural (via OCT) and
microvascular information (via OCT angiography, OCTA). The handheld
probe is optimized for use in clinical studies, maintaining the
ability to detect and image changes in the condition of oral tissue
(e.g., hard tissue damage, presence of dental restorations, plaque,
and tooth stains). The real-time LIAF provides guidance for OCT
imaging to achieve a field of view of approximately 6.9
mm × 7.8 mm, and a penetration depth of 1.5 mm to
3 mm depending on the scattering property of the target oral tissue.
We demonstrate that the proposed system is successful in capturing
reliable depth-resolved images from occlusal and palatal surfaces and
offers added design features that can enhance its usability in
clinical settings.
Anxiety, depression, and substance experimentation in childhood
Authors: Klein Robert J. , Gyorda Joseph A. , Jacobson Nicholas C.
Published: May 2022

Previous research has demonstrated that adults with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders are significantly more likely to show pathological use of drugs or alcohol. Few studies, however, have examined associations of this type in children. A better understanding of the relationships between affective disorders and substance experimentation in childhood could help clarify the complex ways in which pathological substance use symptoms develop early in life. The present study included 11,785 children (Mage = 9.9) participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses were evaluated as concurrent predictors of experimentation with alcohol and tobacco. A series of linear regressions revealed that children with either depressive or anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to experiment with alcohol or tobacco. However, children with both depressive and anxiety diagnoses were not more likely to experiment than children without a diagnosis. These results suggest that anxiety or depressive diagnoses in childhood may be associated with a greater likelihood of substance experimentation, but severe psychological distress may suppress these effects.
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease doesn’t induce cell death in human cells in vitro
Authors: Komissarov Alexey , Karaseva Maria , Roschina Marina , Kostrov Sergey , Demidyuk Ilya
Published: May 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has extremely rapidly spread worldwide. In order to develop the effective antiviral therapies, it is required to understand the molecular mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The main protease, or 3C-like protease (3CLpro), plays the essential role in the coronavirus replication that makes the enzyme a promising therapeutic target. Viral enzymes are known to be multifunctional. Particularly, 3CLpro of SARS-CoV was shown to induce apoptosis in addition to its main function. In the present study we analyzed the cytotoxicity of active SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and its inactivated form upon their individual expression in four human cell lines. For this purpose, we constructed a protein biosensor which allows to detect the proteolytic activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and confirmed the expression of the active protease in all cell lines used. We studied viability and morphology of the cells and found that both active and inactivated enzyme variants induce no cell death in contrast to the homologous 3CL protease of SARS-CoV. These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro is unlikely contribute to the cytopathic effect observed during viral infection directly.
A one-step foraminoplasty via a large trephine in percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Yu Zhaoyu , Lu Yao , Li Yong , An Yan , Wang Bo
Published: May 2022

Background

Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a widely used basic technique for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with advantages including causing less trauma and fast recovery. The secure, efficient, and rapid enlargement of the intervertebral foramen is a key step in PELD procedures. However, the conventional multi-step trephine system for foraminoplasty involves complicated surgical procedures. In this study, we reported an improved one-step foraminoplasty via a large trephine with simplified surgical procedures, reduced radiation exposure, and shortened operative time.

Methods

70 LDH patients who underwent PELD were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The conventional multi-step trephine system was used for foraminoplasty in 35 patients in the multi-step (MS) group, and the single large trephine was used in the other 35 patients in the one-step (OS) group. Indicators including the operative time, the time to establish the working cannula, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, the radiation dose, and postoperative complications were compared between the MS and OS group.

Results

The operative time and the time to establish the working cannula in the OS group was significantly shorter than that in the MS group (P < 0.01); intraoperative fluoroscopy times and the radiation dose in the OS group were significantly smaller than those in the MS group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative VAS scores and ODI scores (2 days and 3 months after the surgery) were significantly lower than the preoperative scores in both groups (P < 0.01), and there was no statistical difference in VAS scores or ODI scores between the two groups at the same time points (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The one-step foraminoplasty via a single large trephine is an optimized technique evolving from the conventional multi-step foraminoplasty, showing significant superiority in simplified operation, shorted operative time, and reduced radiation exposure.
Health insurance, healthcare utilization and language use among populations who experience risk for tuberculosis, California 2014–2017
Authors: Readhead Adam , Flood Jennifer , Barry Pennan
Published: May 2022

Background

California tuberculosis (TB) prevention goals include testing more than ten million at-risk Californians and treating two million infected with tuberculosis. Adequate health insurance and robust healthcare utilization are crucial to meeting these goals, but information on these factors for populations that experience risk for TB is limited.

Methods

We used data from the 2014–2017 California Health Interview Survey (n = 82,758), a population-based dual-frame telephone survey to calculate survey proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified by country of birth, focusing on persons from countries of birth with the highest number of TB cases in California. Survey proportions for recent doctor’s visit, overall health, smoking, and diabetes were age-adjusted.

Results

Among 18–64 year-olds, 27% (CI: 25–30) of persons born in Mexico reported being uninsured in contrast with 3% (CI: 1–5) of persons born in India. Report of recent doctor’s visit was highest among persons born in the Philippines, 84% (CI: 80–89) and lowest among Chinese-born persons, 70% (CI: 63–76). Persons born in Mexico were more likely to report community clinics as their usual source of care than persons born in China, Vietnam, or the Philippines. Poverty was highest among Mexican-born persons, 56% (CI: 54–58) and lowest among Indian-born persons, 9% (CI: 5–13). Of adults with a medical visit in a non-English language, 96% (CI: 96–97) were non-U.S.-born, but only 42% (CI: 40–44) of non-U.S.-born persons had a visit in a non-English language.

Discussion

Many, though not all, of the populations that experience risk for TB had health insurance and used healthcare. We found key differences in usual source of care and language use by country of birth which should be considered when planning outreach to specific providers, clinic systems, insurers and communities for TB prevention and case-finding.
Agreement of total corneal power between 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography and Scheimpflug tomography in normal and keratoconic patients
Authors: Asawaworarit Rosepon , Satitpitakul Vannarut , Taweekitikul Parichart , Pongpirul Krit
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate agreement of total corneal power (TCP) measured by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA 2), Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam AXL), and swept-source optical biometer (IOLMaster 700) in normal and keratoconic patients.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Biometric values were measured by each device for three times by two operators to evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of TCP. The agreement of TCP and other parameters including total corneal astigmatism, anterior keratometry, anterior corneal astigmatism, posterior keratometry, posterior corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth, white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), central corneal thickness, and intraocular power were also evaluated.

Results

This study enrolled 100 healthy participants and 34 patients with keratoconus. The repeatability and reproducibility of TCP were high in all devices (ICC > 0.9). The agreement of TCP was excellent among three devices in both groups (ICC > 0.9). However, the agreement of TCP between CASIA 2 and IOLMaster 700 was slightly lower in healthy participants (ICC = 0.867) and keratoconic patients (ICC = 0.852) with mean differences of more than 1.0 diopter is clinically significant. Wider 95% limit of agreement were found in keratoconic eyes. Most of other parameters showed good to excellent agreement except WTW which showed poor to moderate agreement in both groups. IOL power showed clinically significant differences in patients with keratoconus.

Conclusions

The agreement of TCP measured by three devices was excellent in normal and keratoconic patients. However, TCP cannot be used interchangeably between devices.
Das deutsch-spanische Parallelkorpus PaGeS: aufbau und nutzungsmöglichkeiten
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Doval Irene , Sánchez Nieto María Teresa ,   Universidad de Valladolid
Published: May 2022

In diesem Beitrag wollen wir das Parallel Corpus German Spanisch, PaGeS1, vorstellen. Es ist ein bidirektionales Spanisch<>Deutsch Parallelkorpus, das seit 2017 zu Unterrichts- und Forschungszwecken online frei zugänglich ist. Zuerst wird die Zusammensetzung des Korpus-PaGeS vorgestellt. Dann werden die Arbeitsschritte in der Konstruktion des PaGeS-Korpus beschrieben: Design und Datenerhebung, Vorverarbeitung der Texte, Metadaten, Alignierung und linguistische Annotation. Die nächsten Abschnitte sind der Organisation der Textressourcen in PaGeS sowie den Wegen gewidmet, auf denen der Benutzer sich der verschiedenen Suchoperatoren bedienen kann, um Suchanfragen zu formulieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden eine Reihe von Suchanfragebeispielen vorgestellt, die Belege abrufen, bei denen typische sprachenpaarbedingte bzw. linguistische Übersetzungsprobleme im Sprachenpaar Deutsch/Spanisch zusammen mit ihren Lösungen durch professionelle Übersetzer beobachtet werden können. Somit wird dem Leser der Weg geebnet, selbständig das Potential von PaGeS für Forschung und Lehre zu entdecken. Schließlich wird auf die zukünftige Entwicklung des Korpus hingewiesen.
Traducir y descubrir construcciones
Authors:   Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Mellado Blanco Carmen , Iglesias Iglesias Nely M. ,   Universidad de Salamanca
Published: May 2022

En esta comunicación presentamos, en el marco de nuestro proyecto de investigación en curso, CONSTRIDIOMS, una propuesta de descripción de construcciones fraseológicas del alemán que incluye la vertiente contrastiva con el español. Frente a las construcciones fraseológicas sustantivas, es decir aquellas que tienen todos sus constituyentes saturados léxicamente (p. ej. sich (um etw.) den Kopf zerbrechen), las construcciones fraseológicas se caracterizan por poseer constituyentes o slots abiertos que se actualizan en el discurso. En cuanto al significado, se observa con frecuencia un fuerte contenido pragmático. Nos detendremos más detalladamente en el nivel interlingüístico, en el que la búsqueda de equivalentes funcionales se lleva a cabo a través de corpus paralelos, en concreto, de PaGeS, partiendo del método contrastivo unilateral (Kątny/Olszewska/Socka 2014). Dicho proceso de búsqueda y sistematización de equivalentes funcionales constituirá, a su vez, el punto de partida para la detección de (nuevas) construcciones fraseológicas en la lengua meta. Como caso de estudio nos centramos en la construcción [aus VOLL Nsg{somatónimo}], que licencia constructos como los extraídos del corpus Timestamped JSI web corpus 2014-2020 German (Sketch Engine): aus vollem Herzen, aus voller Kehle, aus voller Brust, aus vollem Hals(e), aus voller Lunge, con distintos grados de lexicalización. La construcción se caracteriza por una clara función intensificadora, pudiendo coocurrir en su perfil sintagmático con una serie definida de verbos, principalmente relacionados con la emisión de sonidos. Por medio del análisis de corpus paralelos trataremos de determinar qué construcciones intensificadoras del español recogen el significado y función de la citada construcción alemana.
Crude extract of Jatobá leaves promotes canine osteosarcoma cell D17 proliferation
Authors: Vieira V. S. , Cruz V. S. , Nepomuceno L. L. , Soares N. P. , Arnhold E. , Teixeira W. F. P. , Vieira D. S. , Borges J. C. A. , Paixão F. M. , Araújo E. G.
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: New substances for neoplasm treatment have to be carefully studied to minimize adverse effects and prevent disease progression stimulation. Jatobá is a typical tree of the Cerrado and Caatinga biome, with antifungal, antimicrobial, larvicide, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate the action of the crude extract of Jatobá leaves (EBFJ) on canine osteosarcoma (CO) cells and analyze the expression of biomarkers in neoplasm progression.

Materials and Methods: D17 cells were cultured and subjected to treatment with EBFJ at different concentrations (10 μg/ mL; 100 μg/mL; 1000 μg/mL; 2000 μg/mL; and 5000 μg/mL) and exposure times (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). The tetrazolium reduction assay and the immunocytochemistry technique, with anti-Bcl2, anti-p53, and anti-Ki-67 antibodies, were used to observe the effect of the extract on cell proliferation.

Results: Doses of 2000 μg and 5000 μg had cell viability of 300.80% and 361.84%, respectively. The extract did not show significant cytotoxicity of samples with the control group. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with EBFJ, with a statistical difference from the group without treatment.

Conclusion: EBFJ was not cytotoxic and had a proliferative effect on CO D17 cells. The confluence of cells, the number of labeled cells, and the expression of Bcl2, Ki-67, and p53 were higher in the groups treated with the extract.
A gyermekvédelmi szakellátásban élő fiatalok online kockázati kitettsége és digitális médiahasználatának jellemzői
Authors: Jakab György , Németh Szilvia , Patai Rita , Timár Borbála , Bethlenfalvy Ádám
Published: May 2022

A jelen tanulmányban bemutatásra kerülő pilot-akciókutatás elem alapvető célja az, hogy megismerje a gyermekvédelmi szakellátás keretében szocializálódó fiatalok digitális médiahasználatát és az ehhez kapcsolódó kockázati kitettségét edukációs programok és egyéb beavatkozások adekvát fókuszainak kialakítása érdekében.
A gyermekvédelmi szakellátásban élő fiatalok médiahasználatát és digitális profilozását célzó akciókutatás
Authors: Jakab György , Rajnai Richárd , Németh Szilvia , Patai Rita , Timár Borbála , Bethlenfalvy Ádám , Szijártó Zsolt
Published: May 2022

2021 őszén az állami gyermekotthonokban és nevelőszülőknél élő fiatalok médiahasználati szokásait vizsgáltuk. Elsősorban arra voltunk kíváncsiak, hogy milyen mértékben vannak kiszolgáltatva ezek a fiatalok a digitális világ kockázatainak. Az eredmények megjelenítése érdekében különböző digitális profilokat (perszónákat) hoztunk létre, amelyek szemléletesen mutatják a kockázatok mértékét. A tematikus blokk ennek a több szakaszból álló kutatásnak az eredményeit és tanulságait tartalmazza. Az első írás röviden összefoglalja a kutatás céljait, körülményeit és alapvető hipotéziseit.
Mudanças legais recentes favorecendo a grilagem e o descumprimento da função socioambiental da terra no Brasil
Authors: Araujo Carlos Vinicius Gomes , Sauer Sergio
Published: May 2022

O cenário de instabilidade democrática e desmonte de políticas, que marca o Brasil mais profundamente a partir de 2016, é constituído também por mudanças e desestruturação das políticas fundiárias e socioambientais. Uma mudança marcante aconteceu com a edição da Medida Provisória nº 759, em dezembro de 2016, pelo então presidente Michel Temer, convertida na Lei 13.465, em 11 de julho de 2017. Mudanças e desmontes, provocadas pela Lei 13.465, foram aprofundadas com a edições dos Decretos, regulamentando aspectos da política de assentamentos (titulação e reconhecimento, por exemplo) e da regularização de posses ilegais de terras públicas em todo o país. A análise deste desmonte é feito com base em um resgate histórico de aspectos da legislação agrária brasileira, da colonização portuguesa até o estabelecimento da função socioambiental da terra na Constituição de 1988. As análises, explicitando a destruição de políticas e a grilagem, se estendem para propostas legislativas e executivas em andamento. Discussões da MP 910, editada em 2019, mas que caducou em 2020, se estendem para os Projetos de Lei 2.633/2020 e o 510/2021, e outras medidas legais e Instruções Normativas como, por exemplo, a IN 105/2021, que instituiu o Programa Titula Brasil.
Using a Technology-based Instructional Package to Teach Students with ASD to Construct Sentences
Authors: Carpenter Megan E. , Pennington Robert C , Walker Meghan
Published: May 2022

In the current study, we investigated the effects of a technology-based instructional package on accurate sentence construction of three middle school students with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs. The autonomous package used constant time delay to teach students to select words to construct sentence frames. We evaluated the effectiveness of the package using a single case multiple probe research design. Data indicated that two of the participants increased accurate sentence construction.
A Pilot Study of Adult Disability Services and Legislative Advocacy Among Parents of Youth with Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan , Rios Kristina , Aleman-Tovar Janeth , Rossetti Zach
Published: May 2022

Although parents of individuals with multiple disabilities have spearheaded legislation for students with disabilities, little is known about their legislative advocacy experiences with respect to adult disability policy and, relatedly, adult disability services. In this pilot study, we examined the perspectives and experiences of nine parents of youth with multiple disabilities with respect to legislative advocacy via two focus groups. Most participants had negative perceptions of their: legislators, adult disability policies, and, relatedly, adult disability services. Many participants suggested changes to increase the flexibility of Medicaid Home and Community Based Services. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.
Identidad regional y la política y legislación educativa de la Transición Democrática Española (1979-1985)
Authors: Hijano del Rio Manuel , Martín Zúñiga Francisco
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo aborda las relaciones entre identidad y Política Educativa durante el período histórico español denominado Transición Democrática, entre 1979 y 1985. En ese sexenio, España vive un periodo de transformación de un régimen dictatorial a otro democrático, y de uno centralizado a otro descentralizado. Nace un sistema educativo donde las identidades regionales cobran especial importancia como elemento esencial para el ejercicio de su autonomía plena. El objetivo general de esta investigación es demostrar que la identidad se convierte en uno de los ejes fundamentales de las políticas educativas en este periodo. El análisis utiliza de forma exhaustiva cuarenta y dos textos legales, como son los Estatutos de Autonomía y los Decretos y Leyes aprobados por las Comunidades Autónomas españolas. Por otro lado, se utilizan encuestas elaboradas por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), organismo público español, para estudiar si la aplicación de esta nueva normativa contribuye a la transformación real de las identidades regionales de las generaciones más jóvenes. Los resultados demuestran que las culturas regionales son elementos relevantes en la normativa autonómica de los primeros años de la Transición española y consiguen cambiar los “sentimientos” regionales de la población juvenil.
Analysis of the Categories and Strategies of Cross-cultural Conflicts in the operating process of Chinese Multinational Enterprises in the United States
Authors: Zhu Linsen
Published: May 2022

This paper with its focus on Chinese Multinational enterprises operating in the United States has a threefold contribution to the existing literature. First, it summarizes the salient features of the ‘Double Circulation"strategy. Part of it means Chinese enterprises “Going-out” by buying into firms and businesses abroad and by encouraging foreign investment (“Bringing-in”). Second, attention is drawn to importance of understanding the nature and scope of the cultural conflicts that can arise in the trans-cultural organizations that now have to operate in a new and different work culture and work place culture. Third, a typology of cultural dimensions to management are discussed to give the reader a better appreciation of the complexity faced by both Chinese multinational enterprises and the workers who are the subject of a ‘take-over’. By analyzing the cultural differences between China and the United States and the cultural conflicts caused by the trans-cultural organizations, this paper proposes a solution to the cross-cultural communication and management of Chinese multinational companies investing in the United States.
Components and singularities of Quot schemes and varieties of commuting matrices
Authors: Jelisiejew Joachim , Šivic Klemen
Published: May 2022

We investigate the variety of commuting matrices.
We classify its components for any number of matrices of size at most 7.
We prove that starting from quadruples of

8
×
8

{8\times 8}

matrices,
this scheme has generically nonreduced components, while up to degree 7
it is generically reduced. Our approach is to recast the problem as
deformations of modules and generalize an array of methods: apolarity,
duality and Białynicki–Birula decompositions to this setup.
We include a thorough review of our methods to make the paper
self-contained and accessible to both algebraic and linear-algebraic
communities. Our results give the corresponding statements for the Quot
schemes of points, in particular we classify the components of

Quot
d

⁡

(

𝒪

𝔸
n

⊕
r

)

{\operatorname{Quot}_{d}(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{A}^{n}}^{\oplus r})}

for

d
≤
7

{d\leq 7}

and all r, n.
Uniqueness of convex ancient solutions to hypersurface flows
Authors: Lynch Stephen
Published: May 2022

We show that every convex ancient solution of mean curvature flow with Type I curvature growth is either spherical, cylindrical, or planar. We then prove the corresponding statement for flows by a natural class of curvature functions which are convex or concave in the second fundamental form. Neither of these results assumes interior noncollapsing.
Proust – Philosophie als ästhetische Praxis
Authors: Wille Katrin
Published: May 2022

The philosophical reading of Proust’s Recherche presented here suggests Proust’s aesthetic method as a model for philosophy (as an aesthetic practice). The term “aesthetic” refers to the constitutive role of sensation, perception, and sensuality for the practice of philosophising. In Proust’s peculiar descriptions a specific form of “sentient thinking” (empfindendes Denken) takes shape. This thinking is characterised by the entanglement of the particular as detailed description and the general as theoretical reflection. With reference to Proust, the philosophical practice of describing is developed into a central element of philosophy as aesthetic practice.
Diversification Decisions of Family SMEs under Uncertainty: Goals as a Rule of Thumb
Authors: Doucet Pablo , Requejo Ignacio , Suárez-González Isabel
Published: May 2022

Leveraging on the behavioural mixed gamble lens, we contend that heterogeneity in organisational goals leads to different diversification behaviours in family firms. Using survey and archival data on a sample of 988 family SMEs homogenous in their (high) family involvement level, we show that family SMEs that pursue nonfinancial (financial) goals exhibit lower (higher) probability of extending the boundaries of the firm to new product and/or market domains. Interestingly, in the face of threats, only those family SMEs that prioritise financial goals exacerbate their propensity to diversify, while increased vulnerability leads to an even lower probability of adopting diversification decisions among family SMEs with nonfinancial goals.
Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Parihar Sonam , Kumar Krishan , Saini Surendra , Parewa Vijay
Published: May 2022

Indeed, all the heterocycles comprises of either “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bonds in their skeleton and construction of these bonds has laid the foundation stone of organic chemistry. The present researchers are continually attempting to develop new strategies for synthesizing miscellaneous structurally divergent molecular entities and these bond forming reactions are the fundamental tools. As a consequence, a colossal upheaval is witnessed in development of benign and sustainable synthetic routes for green bond-forming reactions envisaging carbon–carbon/heteroatom. This chapter is aimed towards highlighting the recent developments perceived in “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bondconstruction especially emphasising greener perspectives i.e. carbocatalysis.
HLA DRB1 alleles, IFN-γ and TGF-β Gene Variants in childhood ALL patients
Authors: Oguz Suleyman Rustu , Senturk Ciftci Hayriye , Gokce Muge , Ogret Yeliz , Kivanc Demet , Ozdilli Kursat , Atay Avni , Savran Oguz Fatma , Aydin Filiz
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a complex clinical syndrome with organ dysfunction as a consequence of a severe immunological reaction mediated by mainly T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our aim is to evaluate the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles, IFN-γ and TGF-β gene variations, with childhood ALL (c-ALL) patients and with GvHD after transplantation.

Methods

This study included 30 high-risk c-ALL patients and 100 controls. HLA-DRB1 alleles were studied by the NGS method, and TGF-β and IFN-γ variations were studied by the PCR-RFLP method.

Results

The rates of HLA-DRB1*15 alleles and IFN-gamma CC genotype were significantly higher in c-ALL patients (p=0.004, p=0.036 respectively). Association of the HLA-DRB1*15 alleles with the TGF-β TC genotype was found with a higher rate in the patient group (p=0.031). Association of the DRB1*04 allele with the IFN-γ CC genotype was found with a higher rate in the patient group (p=0.028). Acute GvHD developed in eight of 19 patients who underwent transplantation. IFN-γ CT was found to have a protective role in occurrence of aGvHD (p=0.044). Association of the DRB1*15 allele with IFN-γ TT was found with a higher rate in a GvHD (p=0.050).

Conclusions

It is thought that polymorphism of HLA-DR15 and IFN-γ CC may contribute to the development of c-ALL, while IFN-γ CT might be protective for aGvHD.
Effect of Uniaxial Compression on Coal Nanostructure as Measured by Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Tai Zhenyu , Guo Xiaodong , Zhang Cun , Tao Yafei
Published: May 2022

To study the effect of uniaxial compression on coal nanostructure during uniaxial compression, in situ synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering experiments were carried out on four coals with different ranks under uniaxial compression. According to the scattering data during the uniaxial compression process, the fractal characteristics and the variation feature of fractal dimension with stress were obtained. Four coals with different ranks all possess two fractal characteristics: pore fractal occur in the smaller pore range (7–17 nm) in the high q value range, and surface fractal occur in the larger pore range (17–52 nm) in the low q value range. For two low rank coals, with increasing stress, the pore fractal dimension DP decreased and the surface fractal dimension DS increased, respectively; the variation trends of DP and DS were obvious. This indicates that with increasing stress, the heterogeneity and complexity of the pores decrease, the surface roughness of the pores increases, and stress has a significant effect on the nanopore structure. The smaller pores are more susceptible to stress, and the influence range of stress on low rank coals is larger than that on high rank coals. The change rate of fractal dimension (RD) has a poor relationship with compressibility during uniaxial loading and is related to coal rank. The RD per unit stress for high rank coals is larger than that for low rank coals. Nanostructure response to uniaxial compressive stress is more significant in low rank coals than in high rank coals. Compared with low rank coals, high rank coals have strong aromatization and molecular structure, and the nanostructures are less susceptible to failure under uniaxial stress.
EDITORIAL / REDAKSIONEEL
Authors: Green Sulina
Published: May 2022

The current issue of Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk presents research findings on the work-related concerns and occupational demands experienced by social service providers in service delivery and by social work educators.
Accessing sexualized violence services and supports for women in rural Nova Scotia: A qualitative study
Authors: Heggie Clare , Jackson Lois , Steenbeek Audrey
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Women who experience sexualized violence can face significant barriers to accessing services and supports, including fear of victim blaming, stigma, and fear of re-traumatization.  To date, there is a paucity of research that specifically examines the experiences of women accessing sexualized violence services and supports in rural places, and the potential unique or additional barriers they may face. Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences of women living in rural [province] who accessed services or supports after experiencing sexualized violence. Methods: Participants were recruited through community organizations and social media. Interviews were conducted with nine women in Fall 2019. Data were analyzed using feminist-thematic analysis. Results: Findings indicate that the women shared experiences of navigating a fragmented system of services and supports, many reported harmful experiences with the justice system and formal healthcare system, and some also experienced positive experiences with community-based services. Enhancing community-based services is recommended as one key strategy for improving access to sexualized violence services and supports in rural communities.
EFL students’ self-regulated online learning in the expository and analytical writing course
Authors: Salsabila Firnanda
Published: May 2022

The online learning environment provides a flexible learning environment where the students can learn anytime and anywhere despite the distance. Since the teaching and learning process shifts into online learning, the students should be able to manage their learning process by themselves. Implementing self-regulated online learning could help the students to be responsible for their learning process to achieve good academic performance. Several previous studies already discussed the implementation of self-regulated online learning across four language skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, in writing courses, the previous studies did not mention the specific writing text applied in self-regulated online learning. This study aimed to identify the frequency of the undergraduates’ use of forethought phase, performance phase, and self-reflection phase in self-regulated online learning toward expository and analytical writing course. The instrument used in this study was the OSEL Questionnaire which consisted of three phases: forethought phase, performance phase, and self-reflection phase. The subject enrolled in this study were 46 students from the freshmen class of the English Education program at one state university in Indonesia. In general, the result showed that three phases in self-regulated online learning toward expository and analytical writing course have medium means which were above 3.00. Only task strategies that had the lowest mean from all the sub-points were presented. Further discussion will explain previous studies and theories that support the finding of this research.
Teachers’ strategies to teach writing Explanation texts
Authors: Hidayat Dadan , Jaenudin Jejen
Published: May 2022

The strategy in teaching is very important for the teacher in teaching writing, especially in teaching writing explanation text. The teacher must have a variety in teaching to help the students study successfully. This research was intended to find out the teaching strategies used by the teachers at SMAN 10 Garut. The purposes of this research are to identify some of the teachers' strategies and techniques used in teaching writing explanations. The data needed is gained through a sample consisting of 4 SMAN 10 Garut (Senior High School) teachers. The teachers are provided with 18 questionnaires. The responses are in the form of Yes, Sometimes, and No to the statements given. Then, the result is formulated by using: = f × 100%. This research used the descriptive method and employed qualitative data. The writer observed the teachers in teaching writing explanation text and using teachers' observation form also. Based on the findings, (61. 11%) of the respondents perceive that various teaching strategies were needed for the students. Based on the writer's interpretation, it is suggested that the teachers practice specific strategies for teaching writing explanations.
TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRODYNAMICS OF THE NAS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kyrylenko O.V.
Published: May 2022

The history and achievements of the Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for 75 years of its existence, related to the formation and development of scientific achievements in the fields of energy, electrical engineering, and power engineering of Ukraine, are briefly considered. References 65.
INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF WATER MOVEMENT AT ITS TREATMENTS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY PULSE BARRIER DISCHARGE
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Bereka V.O. , Bozhko I.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kondratenko I.P.
Published: May 2022

A study of the energy efficiency of the pulsed barrier discharge during water treatment in the aerosol state depending on the energy of the pulses (21-72 mJ), their repetition rate (50-300 Hz), the concentration of organic impurities in water (50-100 mg / l) and water content (1.6−3.2%) in the water-air mixture. The discharge was generated by unipolar short pulses (~ 100 ns) in an electrode system with vertically arranged cylindrical electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm, the distance between which was 2 mm. The highest energy yield, which was obtained by decomposing the impurity by 90%, was 32 g / kWh. In order to determine the influence of water movement parameters on the energy efficiency of a pulsed barrier discharge under similar conditions, the energy efficiency of this type of discharge during water movement in film, drip and aerosol states was compared. It is concluded that water treatment should be carried out in the drip state on the submillimeter size of the drops. In the case of such water movement, the energy efficiency of the pulsed barrier discharge is ≈30% higher than in aerosol. References 15, figures 6, table 1.
APPROXIMATION ENVELOPES OF QUASI-SINUSOIDAL DIGITAL-ANALOG SIGNALS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Karasinskiy O.L. , Tesik Yu.F. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Moroz R.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

The principle of setting the instantaneous values of signals with smoothed envelopes using first-order basis splines, which is optimal from the point of view of equipment costs and the computing power of a microprocessor is proposed. A computer model of a multiphase generator has been developed with the help of which the principles of stepwise and linear approximation of the signal envelope have been investigated. References 11, figures 5, table 1.
Helminth Diversity in Teleost Fishes from the South Orkney Islands Region, West Antarctica
Authors: Kuzmina T. A. , Vishnyakova K. O. , Lisitsyna O. I. , Korol E. M. , Kuzmin Yu. I.
Published: May 2022

Helminths of 12 fish species collected near the South Orkney Islands, West Antarctica were studied. In the whole sample of 115 fish specimens, we identified one species of Monogenea, 5 species of Trematoda, 4 species of Cestoda, 5 species of Nematoda, and 7 species of Acanthocephala. All cestode species, 3 species of nematodes, and 5 species of acanthocephalans were represented only by larval stages; fish are definitive hosts for the remaining 10 helminth species. Details of composition and structure of helminth communities were studied in 3 fish species: Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg, 1906), Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905, and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Norman, 1937, each represented by more than 20 specimens in a sample. In these hosts, 19, 8, and 16 helminth species were found, correspondingly. In the helminth communities of C. aceratus and P. georgianus, the highest values of the infection prevalence and abundance were recorded for larval cestodes (Diphyllobothrium sp., Tetrabothriidea), nematodes (Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp.), acanthocephalans (Corynosoma spp.), as well as adults of the trematode Neolebouria georgiensis Gibson, 1976. The same trematode species and larval cestodes predominated in the helminth community of C. gunnari. All recorded species of parasites are generalists, each known from a range of fish hosts in Antarctica.
Monitoring of Animal Dirofilariosis Incidence in Kharkiv Region of Ukraine
Authors: Paliy A. P. , Sumakova N. V. , Pavlichenko O. V. , Palii A. P. , Reshetylo O. I. , Kovalenko L. M. , Grebenik N. P. , Bula L. V.
Published: May 2022

A total of 38 species of mosquitoes of the Culicidae family of two subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae belonging to 6 genera, were identified on the territory of Kharkiv Region from 2009 to 2019. Dirofilaria larvae were found in 932 insects, which was 4.46 % of the surveyed mosquitoes. The prevalence of the infection of female mosquitoes by dirofilaria was 4.46 ± 0.24 %, while the mean intensity of dirofilariae was 5.4 ± 2.1. Infection of mosquitoes with dirofilariae is currently detected in 11 districts of Kharkiv Region and the city of Kharkiv. The infection rate of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes was 3.83 ± 0.63 %, of the genus Culex — 0.75 ± 0.34 %, of the genus Anopheles — 0.12 ± 0.39 %, whereas females of the genera Culiseta, Coquillettidia, and Uranotaenia were uninfected. It was found that in Kharkiv Region there were 2 types of canine dirofilariae — Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) and Dirofilaria repens (Railliet & Henry, 1911), with a predominance of Dirofilaria repens. For the period from 2009 to 2019, we examined 378 blood samples from dogs (190 males and 188 females) aged from 8 months to 13 years with suspected dirofilariasis. According to the results of the studies, 140 samples were positive, the prevalence of infection by the larvae of Dirofilaria spp. in blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis was 37.03 ± 0.12 %, while infection with Dirofilaria immitis was 2.86 ± 0.45 %, and Dirofilaria repens — 97.35 ± 0.24 %. The number of positive samples from mongrel dogs was 42 (30 %). It was found that cats are more often amicrofilariaemic than dogs.
Distribution of Sibling Species Yellow-legged Gull, Larus michahellis and Caspian Gull, Larus cachinnans (Charadriiformes, Laridae), on the Black Sea Coast
Authors: Tsvelykh A. N.
Published: May 2022

Distribution of sibling species Larus cachinnans (Pallas, 1811) and Larus michahellis (J. F. Naumann 1840) were studied on coast of the Black Sea. Originally, Larus michahellis breeds on seaside cliffs and rocky islets of the Southern part of the Black Sea and of the Crimean Peninsula. Having adapted to breeding on the roofs of buildings, this species is spread to the north along the seaside: to Novorossiysk on the eastern coast, to Constanta on the western one. Additionally, an isolated population of Larus cachinnans breeds on low-lying islands and sand spits mostly in the Northwestern Black Sea. Here, the species spreads on the seaside from Constanta northward to Karkinitian Bay. Further to the east, breeding populations of Caspian Gull are found on the Black Sea coast only at the southeastern edge of the Taman Peninsula to the south to Anapa. The coast of the Sea of Azov, adjacent to the northeastern part of the Black Sea, is densely populated by Larus cachinnans. Only in the southern part of the Sea of Azov, on the coast of the Kerch Peninsula, there is a small population of Larus michahellis.
Cochlear Implants for Deaf Children With Early Developmental Impairment
Authors: Oghalai John S. , Bortfeld Heather , Feldman Heidi M. , Chimalakonda Niharika , Emery Claudia , Choi Janet S. , Zhou Shane
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Infants with profound hearing loss are typically considered for cochlear implantation. Many insurance providers deny implantation to children with developmental impairments because they have limited potential to acquire verbal communication. We took advantage of differing insurance coverage restrictions to compare outcomes after cochlear implantation or continued hearing aid use.

METHODS

Young children with deafness were identified prospectively from 2 different states, Texas and California, and followed longitudinally for an average of 2 years. Children in cohort 1 (n = 138) had normal cognition and adaptive behavior and underwent cochlear implantation. Children in cohorts 2 (n = 37) and 3 (n = 29) had low cognition and low adaptive behavior. Those in cohort 2 underwent cochlear implantation, whereas those in cohort 3 were treated with hearing aids.

RESULTS

Cohorts did not substantially differ in demographic characteristics. Using cohort 2 as the reference, children in cohort 1 showed more rapid gains in cognitive, adaptive function, language, and auditory skills (estimated coefficients, 0.166 to 0.403; P ≤ .001), whereas children in cohort 3 showed slower gains (−0.119 to −0.243; P ≤ .04). Children in cohort 3 also had greater increases in stress within the parent-child system (1.328; P = .02), whereas cohorts 1 and 2 were not different.

CONCLUSIONS

Cochlear implantation benefits children with deafness and developmental delays. This finding has health policy implications not only for private insurers but also for large, statewide, publicly administered programs. Cognitive and adaptive skills should not be used as a “litmus test” for pediatric cochlear implantation.
Future Directions for Mapping Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zaman Junaid AB , Grace Andrew A , Narayan Sanjiv M
Published: May 2022

Mapping for AF focuses on the identification of regions of interest that may guide management and – in particular – ablation therapy. Mapping may point to specific mechanisms associated with localised scar or fibrosis, or electrical features, such as localised repetitive, rotational or focal activation. In patients in whom AF is caused by disorganised waves with no spatial predilection, as proposed in the multiwavelet theory for AF, mapping would be of less benefit. The role of AF mapping is controversial at the current time in view of the debate over the underlying mechanisms. However, recent clinical expansions of mapping technologies confirm the importance of understanding the state of the art, including limitations of current approaches and potential areas of future development.
Preprocedural Discrimination of Posteroseptal Accessory Pathways Ablated from the Right Endocardium from Those Requiring a Left-sided or Epicardial Coronary Venous Approach
Authors: Lebloa Mathieu , Pascale Patrizio
Published: May 2022

The success of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the accessory pathway (AP) depends on the accurate localisation of the bypass tract. In that respect, posteroseptal or inferior paraseptal APs often pose a diagnostic challenge because of the complex anatomy at the crux of the four cardiac chambers. Considering the differences in procedure risks and success rate depending on the need for a left-sided approach or a coronary sinus ablation, an accurate anticipation of the precise location of inferior paraseptal APs is critical to inform the consent process and guide the initial mapping strategy. Here, the preprocedural clues to discriminate APs that can be ablated from the right atrium, from those requiring a left-sided or epicardial coronary venous approach, are reviewed. Both manifest and concealed APs will be considered and, following the diagnostic process made by the operator before interpretation of the intra-cardiac signals, each of the following aspects will be addressed: clinical context and initial probability; and 12-lead ECG analysis during baseline ECG with manifest AP, maximal preexcitation, and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia.