bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Far-infrared Radiation on the Hyperfine Anomaly of the OH 18 cm Transition
Authors: Ebisawa Yuji , Sakai Nami , Menten Karl M. , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: January 2019

We present observations of the four hyperfine structure components of the OH 18 cm transition (1612, 1665, 1667 and 1720 MHz) toward Heiles Cloud 2 (HCL2) in Taurus and the dense cores L183 and L169. Toward the peculiar straight structure in the northern part of HCL2, the 1720 MHz line shows absorption against the cosmic microwave background at a velocity of ∼5.5 km s−1, whereas the 1612 MHz line shows brighter emission than expected in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Such an intensity anomaly is also observed toward TMC-1 (CP), L183, and L169, where the 1612 MHz line is stronger and the 1720 MHz line is weaker than those expected under LTE. We conduct statistical equilibrium calculations considering the effect of far-infrared (FIR) radiation from surrounding clouds and find that the absorption feature of the 1720 MHz line can be reproduced by the following conditions: gas kinetic temperature lower than about 30 K, OH column density higher than 1015 cm−2, H2 density lower than 103 cm−3, and an ortho-to-para ratio of H2 lower than 1. Therefore, the absorption feature of the 1720 MHz line is considered to trace relatively cold and dense gas that is surrounded by a warm envelope consisting of CO-dark molecular gas.
A Census of Galaxy Constituents in a Coma Progenitor Observed at z > 3
Authors: Shi Ke , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Dey Arjun , Huang Yun , Malavasi Nicola , Hung Chao-Ling , Inami Hanae , Ashby Matthew , Duncan Kenneth , Xue Rui , Reddy Naveen , Hong Sungryong , Jannuzi Buell T. , Cooper Michael C. , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Röttgering Huub J. A. , Best Phillip N. , Tasse Cyril
Published: January 2019

We present a detailed census of galaxies in and around PC 217.96+32.3, a spectroscopically confirmed Coma analog at z = 3.78. Diverse galaxy types identified in the field include Lyα emitters (LAEs), massive star-forming galaxies, and ultramassive galaxies (

) which may have already halted their star formation. The sky distribution of the star-forming galaxies suggests the presence of a significant overdensity (δ
SFG ≈ 8 ± 2), which is spatially offset from the previously confirmed members by 3–4 Mpc to the west. Candidate quiescent and post-starburst galaxies are also found in large excess (a factor of ∼8–15 higher surface density than the field’s), although their redshifts are less certain. We estimate that the total enclosed mass traced by the candidate star-forming galaxies is roughly comparable to that of PC 217.96+32.3 traced by the LAEs. We speculate that the true extent of PC 217.96+32.3 may be larger than previously known, half of which is missed by our LAE selection. Alternatively, the newly discovered overdensity may belong to another Coma progenitor not associated with PC 217.96+32.3. Expectations from theory suggest that both scenarios are equally unlikely (<1%) in the cosmic volume probed in our survey. If confirmed as a single structure, its total mass will be well in excess of Coma’s, making it an exceptionally large cosmic structure rarely seen even in large cosmological simulations. Finally, we find that the protocluster galaxies follow the same star formation rate–M
* scaling relation as the field galaxies, suggesting that the environmental effect at z ∼ 4 is a subtle one at best for normal star-forming galaxies.
Hydrodynamics of Circumbinary Accretion: Angular Momentum Transfer and Binary Orbital Evolution
Authors: Muñoz Diego J. , Miranda Ryan , Lai Dong
Published: January 2019

We carry out 2D viscous hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary accretion using the moving-mesh code AREPO. We self-consistently compute the accretion flow over a wide range of spatial scales, from the circumbinary disk (CBD) far from the central binary, through accretion streamers, to the disks around individual binary components, resolving the flow down to 2% of the binary separation. We focus on equal-mass binaries with arbitrary eccentricities. We evolve the flow over long (viscous) timescales until a quasi-steady state is reached, in which the mass supply rate at large distances

(assumed constant) equals the time-averaged mass transfer rate across the disk and the total mass accretion rate onto the binary components. This quasi-steady state allows us to compute the secular angular momentum transfer rate onto the binary,

, and the resulting orbital evolution. Through direct computation of the gravitational and accretional torques on the binary, we find that

is consistently positive (i.e., the binary gains angular momentum), with

in the range of

, depending on the binary eccentricity (where

are the binary semimajor axis and angular frequency); we also find that this

is equal to the net angular momentum current across the CBD, indicating that global angular momentum balance is achieved in our simulations. In addition, we compute the time-averaged rate of change of the binary orbital energy for eccentric binaries and thus obtain the secular rates

and

. In all cases,

is positive; that is, the binary expands while accreting. We discuss the implications of our results for the merger of supermassive binary black holes and for the formation of close stellar binaries.
Deciphering the Large-scale Environment of Radio Galaxies in the Local Universe: Where Are They Born? Where Do They Grow? Where Do They Die?
Authors: Massaro F. , Álvarez-Crespo N. , Capetti A. , Baldi R. D. , Pillitteri I. , Campana R. , Paggi A.
Published: January 2019

The role played by the large-scale environment in the nuclear activity of radio galaxies (RGs) is still not completely understood. Accretion mode, jet power, and galaxy evolution are connected with their large-scale environment on scales from tens to hundreds of kiloparsecs. Here we present a detailed statistical analysis of the large-scale environment for two samples of RGs up to redshifts z
src = 0.15. The main advantages of our study over studies in the literature are the extremely homogeneous selection criteria of the catalogs adopted to perform our investigation. This is also coupled with the use of several clustering algorithms. We performed a direct search of galaxy-rich environments around RGs by using them as beacons. To perform this study we also developed a new method that does not appear to suffer from a strong z
src dependence as other algorithms do. We conclude that, despite their radio morphological classification (FR I versus FR II) and/or their optical classification (high- or low-excitation radio galaxy (HERG or LERG)), RGs in the local universe tend to live in galaxy-rich large-scale environments that have similar characteristics and richness. We highlight that the fraction of FR I LERGs inhabiting galaxy-rich environments appears to be larger than that of FR II LERGs. We also found that five out of seven FR II HERGs, with z
src ≤ 0.11, lie in groups/clusters of galaxies. However, we recognize that, despite the high level of completeness of our catalogs, when restricting to the local universe, the low number of HERGs (∼10% of the total FR IIs investigated) prevents us drawing a strong statistical conclusion about this source class.
CO Outflow Survey of 68 Very Low Luminosity Objects: A Search for Proto-brown-dwarf Candidates
Authors: Kim Gwanjeong , Won Lee Chang , Maheswar Gopinathan , Kim Mi-Ryang , Soam Archana , Saito Masao , Kiyokane Kazuhiro , Kim Sungeun
Published: January 2019

We present the results of a systematic search for molecular outflows in 68 Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs) from single-dish observations in CO isotopologues, finding 16 VeLLOs that show clear outflow signatures in the CO maps. Together with an additional three VeLLOs from the literature, we analyzed the outflow properties for these 19 VeLLOs, identifying 15 VeLLOs as proto-brown-dwarf (proto-BD) candidates and 4 VeLLOs as likely faint protostar candidates. The proto-BD candidates are found to have a mass accretion rate (∼10−8–10−7
M
⊙ yr−1) lower than that of the protostar candidates (≳10−6
M
⊙ yr−1). Their accretion luminosities are similar to or smaller than their internal luminosities, implying that many proto-BD candidates might have had either small accretion activity in a quiescent manner throughout their lifetimes, or be currently exhibiting relatively higher (or episodic) mass accretion than in the past. Outflows of many proto-BDs show strong trends of being less active if they are fainter or have less massive envelopes. The outflow forces and internal luminosities for more than half of the proto-BD candidates seem to follow the evolutionary track of a protostar with an initial envelope mass of ∼0.08 M
⊙, indicating that some BDs may form in less massive dense cores in a similar way to normal stars. But, because there also exists a significant fraction (about 40%) of proto-BDs with a much weaker outflow force than expected from the relations for protostars, we should not rule out the possibility of other formation mechanism for BDs.
Fast, Ultraluminous X-Ray Bursts from Tidal Stripping of White Dwarfs by Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Authors: Shen 申荣 Rong-Feng 锋
Published: January 2019

Two X-ray sources were recently discovered by Irwin et al. that are compact companions to elliptical galaxies showing ultraluminous flares with fast rise (∼minute) and decay (∼hour), and with a peak luminosity ∼1040–41 erg s−1. Together with two other sources found earlier, they constitute a new type of fast transients that cannot be attributed to neutron stars, but might be due to intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs;

). The flaring behavior is recurrent for at least two sources. If the flare represents a short period of accretion onto an IMBH during the periastron passage of a donor star on an eccentric (i.e., repeating) or parabolic (non-repeating) orbit, we argue that the flare’s rise time corresponds to the duration during which the donor’s tidally stripped mass joins a residual disk at the pericenter. This duration is in turn equal to three other timescales: the duration of stripping, the sound crossing time of the donor, and the circular orbit time at the pericenter radius. Only a white dwarf (WD) can have a sound crossing time as short as one minute. Therefore, the donor must be a WD and it was stripped of ∼10−10
M
⊙ upon each passage at several to tens of Schwarzschild radii from the IMBH. The flux decay corresponds to the viscous drainage of the supplied mass toward the hole. Aided by long-term X-ray monitoring, this type of fast transient would be an ideal target for next-generation gravitational wave detectors.
Discovery of Stars Surrounded by Iron Dust in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Marini Ester , Dell’Agli Flavia , Criscienzo Marcella Di , Puccetti Simonetta , García-Hernández D. A. , Mattsson Lars , Ventura Paolo
Published: January 2019

We consider a small sample of oxygen-rich, asymptotic giant branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud, observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope, exhibiting a peculiar spectral energy distribution, which can hardly be explained by the common assumption that dust around Asymptotic Giant Branch stars is primarily composed of silicate grains. We suggest that this uncommon class of objects is the progeny of a metal-poor generation of stars, with metallicity Z ∼ 1–2 × 10−3, formed ∼100 Myr ago. The main dust component in the circumstellar envelope is solid iron. In these stars the poor formation of silicates is set by the strong nucleosynthesis experienced at the base of the envelope, which provokes a scarcity of magnesium atoms and water molecules, required for the silicate formation. The importance of the present results to interpret the data from the incoming James Webb Space Telescope is also discussed.
Seismological Determination of the Alfvén Speed and Plasma Beta in Solar Photospheric Bright Points
Authors: Cho Il-Hyun , Moon Yong-Jae , Nakariakov Valery M. , Yu Dae Jung , Lee Jin-Yi , Bong Su-Chan , Kim Rok-Soon , Cho Kyung-Suk , Kim Yeon-Han , Lee Jae-Ok
Published: January 2019

The Alfvén speed and plasma beta in photospheric bright points (BPs) observed by the Broadband Filter Imager (BFI) of the Solar Optical Telescope on board the Hinode satellite are estimated seismologically. The diagnostics is based on the theory of slow magnetoacoustic waves in a non-isothermally stratified photosphere with a uniform vertical magnetic field. We identify and track BPs in a G-band movie by using the 3D region growing method, and align them with blue continuum images to derive their brightness temperatures. From the Fourier power spectra of 118 continuum light curves made in the BPs, we find that light curves of 91 BPs have oscillations with properties that are significantly different from oscillation in quiet regions, with the periods ranging 2.2–16.2 minutes. We find that the model gives a moderate value of the plasma beta when γ lies at around 5/3. The calculated Alfvén speed is 9.68 ± 2.02 km s−1, ranging in 6.3–17.4 km s−1. The plasma beta is estimated to be of 0.93 ± 0.36, ranging in 0.2–1.9.
Strepsiptera of Canada
Authors: Straka Jakub
Published: January 2019

In Canada, the order Strepsiptera consists of 27 known species representing five families: Corioxenidae (1 species), Elenchidae (1 species), Halictophagidae (5 species), Stylopidae (15 species), and Xenidae (5 species). These totals represent an increase of 21 species since the 1979 assessment. Half of these species represent unpublished records recently discovered by study of stylopized hosts in museum collections and DNA barcoded species. It is estimated that as many as 19 more species will eventually be discovered in Canada. DNA barcode sequences are available for 4 Canadian species. The fauna of Canada is poorly surveyed and there is a need to fill knowledge gaps with increased examination of museum specimens for stylopized hosts, broader field surveys (including use of pheromone-baited traps), and more effort to obtain DNA samples.
Phthiraptera of Canada
Authors: Galloway Terry D.
Published: January 2019

There are approximately 463 species of parasitic lice recorded in Canada, in three suborders: Amblycera, six families; Ischnocera, two families; Anoplura, eight families. At least an additional 361 species may eventually be recorded based on presence of suitable hosts and proximity to known distributions. Approximately 41 species are introduced non-native species. Only about 54% of the expected chewing louse fauna has been recorded, and considerable collecting effort is needed, especially for lice infesting passerine birds, shorebirds, and seabirds. The sucking louse fauna is well known, with approximately 88% of the expected fauna recorded. Investigations into ecology of lice and the nature of relationships with their hosts are badly needed. Barcode Index Numbers are available for only 13 species of parasitic lice in Canada.
Ephemeroptera of Canada
Authors: Jacobus Luke M.
Published: January 2019

Thus far, 335 currently valid species in 82 genera and 21 families of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have been documented from Canada, remarkably representing a little more than half of the combined species richness of Canada, Mexico and the USA. The current known species richness for Canada represents an increase of 11.3% as compared to that reported in 1979. Species richness is greatest in the families Heptageniidae (83), Baetidae (76) and Ephemerellidae (45). A total of 328 DNA Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) are available for Canadian mayfly species. The greatest net gains anticipated for future species tallies are for Baetidae (25), Heptageniidae (10) and Leptophlebiidae (10). A total of 66 more species overall is anticipated for Canada, with greatest gains potentially coming from lentic habitats across Canada and from far eastern and far western areas in general. However, even metropolitan areas should not be overlooked for the potential of discovery.
Raphidioptera of Canada
Authors: Blades David C.A.
Published: January 2019

There are eight species in two families of Raphidioptera known from Canada, an increase of one species since the prior assessment in 1979. Another four species are likely to occur in Canada based on DNA evidence and distributional records. The Barcode of Life Data System currently lists ten Barcode Index Numbers for Canadian Raphidioptera.
Mantodea, Blattodea, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, and Phasmida of Canada
Authors: Miskelly James , Paiero Steven M.
Published: January 2019

In the last 40 years, the number of species in the orthopteroid orders has increased by ~10% from that known in 1979. The largest order, the Orthoptera, has increased from 205 to 235 species known in Canada. The number of Blattodea has increased from 14 to 18 species, while Dermaptera has increased from 5 to 6 species. The number of species of Mantodea (3) and Phasmida (1) known in Canada have remained unchanged. Most new species records reported in Canada since 1979 have resulted from new collections along the periphery of the range of more widespread species. Some species reported since 1979 are recent introductions to Canada, including species restricted to homes or other heated buildings. The taxonomy of these orders has also changed, with only the Dermaptera having maintained its order definition since the 1979 treatment. Additional orthopteroid species are likely to occur in Canada, particularly in the orders Orthoptera and Blattodea. DNA barcodes are available for more than 60% of the species known to occur in Canada.
Acari of Canada
Authors: Beaulieu Frédéric , Knee Wayne , Nowell Victoria , Schwarzfeld Marla , Lindo Zoë , Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. , Lumley Lisa , Young Monica R. , Smith Ian , Proctor Heather C. , Mironov Sergei V. , Galloway Terry D. , Walter David E. , Lindquist Evert E.
Published: January 2019

Summaries of taxonomic knowledge are provided for all acarine groups in Canada, accompanied by references to relevant publications, changes in classification at the family level since 1979, and notes on biology relevant to estimating their diversity. Nearly 3000 described species from 269 families are recorded in the country, representing a 56% increase from the 1917 species reported by Lindquist et al. (1979). An additional 42 families are known from Canada only from material identified to family- or genus-level. Of the total 311 families known in Canada, 69 are newly recorded since 1979, excluding apparent new records due solely to classification changes. This substantial progress is most evident in Oribatida and Hydrachnidia, for which many regional checklists and family-level revisions have been published. Except for recent taxonomic leaps in a few other groups, particularly of symbiotic mites (Astigmata: feather mites; Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae), knowledge remains limited for most other taxa, for which most species records are unpublished and may require verification. Taxonomic revisions are greatly needed for a large majority of families in Canada. Based in part on species recorded in adjacent areas of the USA and on hosts known to be present here, we conservatively estimate that nearly 10,000 species of mites occur in Canada, but the actual number could be 15,000 or more. This means that at least 70% of Canada’s mite fauna is yet unrecorded. Much work also remains to match existing molecular data with species names, as less than 10% of the ~7500 Barcode Index Numbers for Canadian mites in the Barcode of Life Database are associated with named species. Understudied hosts and terrestrial and aquatic habitats require investigation across Canada to uncover new species and to clarify geographic and ecological distributions of known species.
Trichoptera of Canada
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , deWaard Jeremy R. , Morse John C. , Rasmussen Andrew K.
Published: January 2019

Trichoptera, or caddisflies, are common members of freshwater ecosystems as larvae and are important indicators of aquatic system health. As such, the species are relatively well studied, with keys available for larvae and adults of many of the taxa occurring in Canada. The number of species recorded from Canada since 1979 (Wiggins 1979) has increased from 546 to 636, an increase of 16.4%. Of those species newly recorded, 17 represent newly described taxa since 1979. Taking into consideration the species likely to be subsequently found in Canada based on records in adjacent parts of the United States and results from DNA barcoding, an estimated 129–181 species remain to be documented in Canada.
Fantasy et boréalisme. Smaug, une étude de cas
Authors: Adam Virginie
Published: January 2019

Smaug est le dragon maléfique voleur de trésor et principal antagoniste du roman The Hobbit (1937), premier texte publié de Tolkien à mettre en scène la Terre du Milieu. Universitaire et poète, il tire son inspiration de textes médiévaux anglais et norrois, écrits par des Scandinaves ou évoquant le Nord : Smaug ressemble fort à Fáfnir, le monstre tué par le héros Sigurðr, et au dragon de Beowulf . Tolkien a réutilisé certaines caractéristiques de ces œuvres mais au lieu de les rapporter à leur espace originel, la Scandinavie, il s’en sert pour créer un lieu fictionnel. Dans cet article, on examinera les implications liées à l’utilisation d’éléments boréalistes dans un roman fantasy , en utilisant Smaug comme étude de cas. Quels traits thématiques et rhétoriques Tolkien a-t-il emprunté à la description de ces dragons nordiques ? Quelles conséquences entraîne le recourt à ces éléments boréalistes déconnectés de leur référent géographique originel ?
Interrompre la distriveillance
Authors: Birchall Clare , Alloa Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

Les sujets numérisés sont façonnés par ce qu’il faudrait appeler, à la suite de Rancière, le partage numérique du sensible – un arrangement qui détermine ce qui est visible, dicible et connaissable. Or cet arrangement implique des formes de surveillance distribuée, qu’on appellera « distriveillance », caractérisées par un transfert de la surveillance d’État vers les sujets eux-mêmes. Il est urgent d’interrompre ce partage de données automatisé pour ouvrir à nouveau à d’autres mises en commun.
Stephen Tracy the epigraphist
Authors: Habicht Christian
Published: January 2019

The following is the text of a talk delivered at the River Club in Colombus, Ohio, on the occasion of Stephen Tracy’s retirement from the Department of Classics at Ohio State University to assume the Directorship of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. In co-operation with Greek computer specialists Tracy has now pioneered the use of computers to study hands; see Stephen V. Tracy and C. Papaodysseus, “The Study of Hands on Greek Inscriptions. The Need for a Digital Approach”, American Journal of Archaeology, 113, 2009, 99-102, and other work listed below in “The Scholarly Work of Stephen V. Tracy”.
Levobupivacaine combined with dexamethasone for serratus plane block can provide long-lasting analgesia in multiple rib fractures
Authors: Di Pietro Santi , Mascia Benedetta , Perlini Stefano , Iotti Giorgio Antonio
Published: January 2019

Serratus plane block (SPB) is a technique of regional anesthesia that has recently been proposed to treat pain in rib fractures. In this context, SPB is currently performed using a variety of local anesthetics at different concentrations and dilutions, reporting a duration of pain control up to 12 hours following the procedure. To the best of our knowledge, the addition of dexamethasone to the local anesthetic for this specific regional block has never been documented. Here we report three patients that were treated for multiple rib fractures with SPB, which included combined dexamethasone and levobupivacaine. Interestingly, the obtained pain control lasted between 23 to 45 hours following the block, thus helping to minimize the opioid use in our patients.
The will to embrace: An analysis of Christian-Muslim relations
Authors: Baatsen Ronald Allen
Published: January 2019

No abstract available
Направленное кратковременное преобразование Фурье и квазиасимптотика обобщенных функций
Authors: Buralieva Jasmina Veta , Saneva Katerina , Atanasova Sanja
Published: January 2019

Доказан результат абелева типа, связывающий квазиасимптотическую ограниченность обобщенных функций умеренного роста с асимптотикой их направленного кратковременного преобразования Фурье (НКВПФ). Также доказано несколько результатов абелево-тауберова типа, характеризующих квазиасимптотическое поведение обобщенных функций из $\mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ в терминах их НКВПФ с заданным направлением.
Beyond Chrismukkah
Authors: Mehta Samira K.
Published: January 2019

The rate of interfaith marriage in the United States has risen so radically since the sixties that it is difficult to recall how taboo the practice once was. How is this development understood and regarded by Americans generally, and what does it tell us about the nation’s religious life? Drawing on ethnographic and historical sources, Samira K. Mehta provides a fascinating analysis of wives, husbands, children, and their extended families in interfaith homes; religious leaders; and the social and cultural milieu surrounding mixed marriages among Jews, Catholics, and Protestants. Mehta’s eye-opening look at the portrayal of interfaith families across American culture since the mid-twentieth century ranges from popular TV shows, holiday cards, and humorous guides to “Chrismukkah” to children’s books, young adult fiction, and religious and secular advice manuals. Mehta argues that the emergence of multiculturalism helped generate new terms by which interfaith families felt empowered to shape their lived religious practices in ways and degrees previously unknown. They began to intertwine their religious identities without compromising their social standing. This rich portrait of families living diverse religions together at home advances the understanding of how religion functions in American society today.
Knowledge and Perception of Diabetes and Available Services among Diabetic Patients in the State of Qatar
Authors: Al-Thani Al-Anoud , Farghaly Aiman , Akram Hammad , Khalifa ShamsEldin , Vinodson Benjamin , Loares Alma , Abou-Samra Abdul-Badi
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Diabetes is a major public health concern in Qatar. This study examined diabetes knowledge and perception of available services for diabetes control among diabetic patients in Qatar.Methods: Data from 300 diabetic patients were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire between February and May 2015 at Hamad Medical Corporation healthcare facilities in Qatar. Survey responses were represented as frequencies, and Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions across gender. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 31% of patients had Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (females 36.6%, males 26.5%) and 54% had Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) (males 56.6%, females 50%). Knowledge about diabetes types did not differ by sex (P=0.16). 32.3% of patients were treated for diabetes-related complications including: high cholesterol (39.2%), vision problems (33.1%), hypertension (30.0%), and foot problems (25.1 %). Most patients were diagnosed at primary care clinics (41.7%). During visits, 78.3% of patients reported that they were fully advised about different diabetes tests. 57.0% of patients had ≥4 visits for diabetes checkups in the past 12 months. 66.7% of patients reported that they were confident or very confident in managing their diabetes as a result of their healthcare visits in the past year. The majority of patients reported receiving diabetes-related guidance from physicians (89.7%).Conclusions: Study participants had variable knowledge of diabetes, its complications and risk factors, and services available to diabetics. More comprehensive education and awareness about diabetes is recommended for both patients and family members. At the provider level, further improvement in patient counseling and promotion of available services can be beneficial.
Worlds of Color
Authors: Jerng Mark C.
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes how the term “world” becomes a category of racial meaning. Tracking the new coining of phrases such as “colored world,” “yellow world,” and “brown world” during and after the Russo-Japanese War, it shows the ways in which this discourse constructs new ways of seeing that are linked less to scientific racism or social Darwinism and more to modes of futurology that animate race as a historical tendency in the world. It analyzes popular and influential histories of the future such as B.L. Putnam Weale’s Conflict of Colour (1909), Charles Pearson’s National Life and Character: A Forecast (1893), and Brooks Adams’s Law of Civilization and Decay: An Essay on History in relation to newspaper discourse on the yellow peril in order to see how race is used as forecast.
On the Possibilities of an Antiracist Racial Worldmaking
Authors: Jerng Mark C.
Published: January 2019

This conclusion synthesizes the main analyses of the book and explores its implications for transforming our conventional ideas about the literary and historical foundations of race and racism. It then analyzes the work of W.E.B. DuBois for the way in which he navigates genre, race, and world in several of his works including Black Reconstruction, “The Comet,” and Worlds of Color. In DuBois, this conclusion finds the possibilities of an anti-racist racial worldmaking.
“A Source of Mortification to All Truly Loyal Men”
Authors: Orr Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

In this essay, Timothy Orr focuses on the Allegheny Arsenal in Pittsburgh to reveal how employers used allegations of partisan disloyalty to weaken the rights and protections of war workers. As Orr relates, political discrimination underlay the purge of fifteen factory workers charged with disloyal speech in May 1863. The men were accused by fellow workers of uttering statements critical of Lincoln and his war policies. Their dismissal following an extrajudicial inquiry sparked a heated partisan exchange in area newspapers. Orr argues that popular attitudes toward war workers during the Civil War contrasted sharply with those of the World Wars. In the latter era, this work was seen more clearly in patriotic terms, as a substitute for military service in the national cause. In the Civil War, however, military work alone was not satisfactory proof of patriotism. Workers in military manufacturing then were held to a standard of loyalty regulating not just actions but also their words.
Experiments in Exile
Authors: Harris Laura
Published: January 2019

Comparing the radical aesthetic and social experiments undertaken by two exile intellectuals, James and Oiticica, Harris chart a desire in their work to formulate alternative theories of citizenship, wherein common reception of popular cultural forms is linked to a potentially expanded, non-exclusive polity. By carefully analyzing the materiality of the multiply-lined, multiply voiced writing of the “undocuments” that record these social experiments and relay their prophetic descriptions of and instructions for the new social worlds they wished to forge and inhabit, however, Harris argue that their projects ultimately challenge rather than seek to rehabilitate normative conceptions of citizens and polities as well as authors and artworks. James and Oiticica’s experiments recall the insurgent sociality of “the motley crew” historians Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker describe in The Many-Headed Hydra, their study of the trans-Atlantic, cross-gendered, multi-racial working class of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Reading James’s and Oiticica’s projects against the grain of Linebaugh and Rediker’s inability to find evidence of that sociality’s persistence or futurity, Harris show how James and Oiticica gravitate toward and seek to relay the ongoing renewal of dissident, dissonant social forms, which are for them always also aesthetic forms, in the barrack-yards of Port-of-Spain and the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, the assembly lines of Detroit and the streets of the New York. The formal openness and performative multiplicity that manifests itself at the place where writing and organizing converge invokes that sociality and provokes its ongoing re-invention. Their writing extends a radical, collective Afro-diasporic intellectuality, an aesthetic sociality of blackness, where blackness is understood not as the eclipse, but the ongoing transformative conservation of the motley crew’s multi-raciality. Blackness is further instantiated in the interracial and queer sexual relations, and in a new sexual metaphorics of production and reproduction, whose disruption and reconfiguration of gender structures the collaborations from which James’s and Oiticica’s undocuments emerge, orienting them towards new forms of social, aesthetic and intellectual life.
Undocuments
Authors: Harris Laura
Published: January 2019

In this chapter I examine what was produced by way of the work or working in the organization/organ and the nests: an effusion of documents, largely proposals for projects that have yet to be carried out. I examine two key texts—not the master works for which James and Oiticica are generally recognized, but ambitious, messy, unresolved, unfinished works that lay, for a long time, unedited in their archives, “Notes on American Civilization” and Newyorkaises, considering they way they are proposed but not (until posthumously published) closed, and examine their resistance to the terminal condition of “work,” which they manifest as documents, or undocuments, that aspire to their own dissolution in a socialization of the intellectual function that would enact the very sociality James and Oiticica desire. I argue that these open documents or undocuments are the site, or at least a site, through which the motley crew or something like it might be reproduced and extended. I explore their reconfigurations of reproduction, as a sexual, but not necessarily heterosexual or even biological process. By ending (or not ending) with their non-endings, I mean to offer not conclusion to the experiment pursued here, but an invitation to begin it anew.
Ink, Mass Culture, and the Unconscious
Authors: Zieger Susan
Published: January 2019

Chapter three studies ink, an ephemeral material of mass print, because its cultural history reveals a mystified model of the unconscious as media storage that still has currency. For tens of millions of new writers, ink was a flawed technology; its blots and splashes signified the chaos of unreason. At the same time, gazing at pooled ink to see remote events or the future became a well-known pastime and cultural referent; from an older model of divination, it emerged as a psychological performance. Later in the century, deliberately spilling and spattering ink to make random forms became a social, aesthetic, and scientific practice. Inkblot games, art, and psychological tests formalized and standardized the quotidian ink accident; ink began to materialize the unconscious. Wilkie Collins, in his novel The Moonstone (1868), represented ink-gazing as a nascent figuration of the unconscious – not the deep, Freudian subjectivity of hidden, conflicting drives, but as information stored and hidden out of sight.
Oh Capitano!
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

Italian adventurer and sea captain Celso Cesare Moreno traveled the world lying, scheming, and building an extensive patron/client network to establish his reputation as a middleman and person of significance. Through his machinations, Moreno became a critical player in the expansion of western trade and imperialism in Asia, the trafficking of migrant workers and children in the Atlantic, the conflicts of Americans and Native Hawaiians over the fate of Hawaii, and the imperial competitions of French, British, Italian, and American governments in an important era of imperial expansion during the nineteenth century. This book teases out Moreno's enormous peculiarities and fascination as well as his significance. It examines how he repeatedly sought a role at the center of a globalizing world with gusto and had no qualms about lying or betraying others. Dragged by his uncontrollable polemical passions, the old Captain died alone, unloved by anyone and with no meaningful relations to others. With its focus on Moreno, this book illustrates some of the most puzzling cultural traits of emigrant Italian elites. Called a “carpetbagger,” “land pirate,” “extinct volcano,” among many other derogatory monikers, Celso emerges in this fascinating biography as a multifaceted, chameleon-like personality not reducible to a single epithet.
The Treasures of Asia
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter chronicles Celso Cesare Moreno's exploits in Asia, beginning with his decision to take to the sea like other Italian missionaries, explorers, and traders before him, such as Marco Polo and Vasco da Gama. Moreno's initial zone of activity was the Mediterranean, but he later made his way to the Cape of Good Hope, the Horn of Africa, the Red Sea, and finally, India. Arriving in Calcutta in June 1859, Moreno became entangled in a bitter dispute with Giovanni Casella, a successful merchant, and Father Vincenzo Bruno, a missionary. The chapter also considers Moreno's role in the Sepoy Mutiny during his time in India; his “discovery” of Sumatra; his sojourn in China, where he became involved in the Taiping Rebellion; his failed attempt to convince the Italian government to establish a colony in Sumatra; his efforts to sell Sumatra to Napoleon III; and his travel to Indochina to explore scantly known regions, among other objectives.
The New Italian America
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. , Durante Francesco
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Celso Cesare Moreno's role in a new Italian America as a kind of senior mediator between the American establishment and the immigrant “reality.” After suffering defeat in the Italian elections, Moreno returned to the United States to resume his lobbying activities in Congress and the White House. In the new America, he discovered that Italian emigration and newspapers have both grown numerically. This chapter shows how Moreno emerged as an influential spokesman and a combative defender for Italian Americans. The discussion focuses on Moreno's lobbying, beginning with his involvement in the U.S. presidential election of 1884, followed by his campaign against the padrone system which he had denounced in the 1870s. The chapter also considers Moreno's dispute with Baron Francesco Saverio Fava, Italy's first ambassador to Washington; his testimony in both the Senate and the House of Representatives regarding immigration; and his imprisonment for libel.
“The Uprising of a Great People”
Authors: Brodrecht Grant R.
Published: January 2019

Chapter one explores northern evangelical devotion to the Union during the Civil War by looking at its intersection with the public words of Abraham Lincoln. His public words were often particularly attuned to evangelicals’ hearts and minds and seemingly reflected their own understanding of the Union in relation to God. The chapter reveals northern evangelicals’ belief in the supremacy of providence, while relating it to Lincoln’s own preoccupation with the divine meaning of the war. Furthermore, northern evangelicals perceived the Union in terms of an Old Testament-like covenantal relationship to God, which meant that God had been historically at work shaping a Christian-American people who were obligated to live unto him and fight to save the Union. This outlook was reflected in Lincoln’s thanksgiving and fast-day proclamations, and, consequently, mainstream northern evangelicals generally supported his vision for saving their country.
1864
Authors: Brodrecht Grant R.
Published: January 2019

The second chapter looks at northern evangelicals in relation to the election of 1864. Although the war’s evolving aim, which now included emancipation, reflected northern white evangelicals’ misgivings regarding slavery, during 1864 many nevertheless downplayed slavery-related issues. The year began with high hopes surrounding Ulysses S. Grant’s promotion to lead all Union forces, but by late summer his Virginia campaign had stalled and precipitated much anxiety in the North. In the face of Democratic opposition and abolitionist criticism,mainstream evangelicals cast 1864 as the dénouement of the war, if not the nation’s entire history. The enhanced drama benefitted Lincoln, for the more desperate things appeared, the more desperately mainstream evangelicals supported him. Contrary to the desires of evangelical abolitionists, most northern evangelicals saw the election of 1864 as fundamentally about saving the Union.
From Moses to Joshua
Authors: Brodrecht Grant R.
Published: January 2019

The fourth chapter surveys the generally positive reception northern evangelicals gave Andrew Johnson following Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865 and through the remainder of the year. Flowing from their desire to see one whole, Christian America realized, northern evangelicals explicitly encouraged Johnson to follow in Lincoln’s steps and act as a willing vehicle of providence to speedily restore the Union. With Congress in recess until December, Johnson had a relatively free hand to direct Reconstruction and produce sectional reconciliation, and his initial Reconstruction policy generally met with northern evangelical approval. Rather than advocating for racial justice, non-radical northern evangelicals remained animated by a vision of national Christian oneness and were ready with Andrew Johnson to declare the Union restored by December 1865.
Introduction
Authors: Librett Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the two essays published in this book. In the two essays, the author reads the art of the portrait in terms of an ontology of the subject while construing the subject's being in terms of its artistic portrayal. He argues that subject and portrait are to be inscribed in each other, and he sketches in broad strokes the intertwining histories of each. Inthe author's portrait of portraiture, the history of portraiture (which is illustrated with a selective Ahnengalerie, or gallery of portraits) gives access to a history of the subject, and the converse. While the author's depiction of these histories remains just a sketch, it provides a rigorous conceptual orientation for both art-historical and philosophical discussions of the portrait and its subject.
Look
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

This “look” expresses what, precisely? Its exercise: its regularity, its particular kind of constancy … the ground no longer masks the person to which it lent the alibi of a history, of a fiction, of both a distant sense and a role. It seems that this is what the portrait continually repeats: the fact that there is no longer any attested or organized sense but, above all, no longer any delegation of sense....
L’altro ritratto
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

L’altro ritratto: This expression, formulated in Italian, was initially proposed as a theme for an art exhibit.1 Two meanings of the phrase immediately arise: On the one hand, “the other portrait” suggests a portrait different from the one we know, the one we think we have passably identified in terms of a notion or idea of “portrait”; on the other hand, and according to the proper resources of Italian, “the other withdrawn [...
Character
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

However the painter, the photographer, or the sculptor also works at pulling the other back from this abyss. But in this case it is a matter of an operation that is entirely different from that of a copy or a cast. The death mask shows nothing more than the look of a dead face—that is, a face that has become a stranger to itself. In certain respects, this look is instructive regarding the look of death—if we disregard the various techniques that must be used to make the cast both possible and acceptable—but it intensifies the enigma of the identity to self....
The Eye
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

In one way or another though, the portrait is in some sense aimed at a distant and unattainable reality, one in relation to which it is measured and thought. The portrait is turned toward the recoil, removal, or withdrawal of an alterity and it is only exposed to our gazes in order to show us how it is exposed to this alterity. More precisely, the alterity of its “subject”—in the pictorial sense, its figure, as well as in the ontological sense, the ipseity within the figure—opens the retreat and carries away the withdrawal, the interminable sliding toward a depth whose thin surface in two dimensions indicates that it is unfathomable....
Visageity
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

If it is not always, or even primarily, a matter of the portrait in the sense in which we distinguish it from other kinds of representation—landscapes, scenes, objects, non-mimetic forms—it could well be that the portrait involves an element, a valence, or an urge that takes place in every type of visual proposition: the visibility of visuality and through it, a “visageity” that one could also discern in a landscape or a still-life. To content ourselves with just one formulation of this important and already well-worked theme, we will cite Jean-Louis Schefer: “The experience of seeing poses the question of sense in a complex way, primarily in that the ‘thing’ seen or contemplated is only visible by a kind of activity that is going on within it.”...
Ipseity
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The birth of the portrait1 therefore takes place under a double constraint: The face of a person, a particular person, must be represented, and he or she must be represented according to the sameness of “self” of which he or she is the witness, the expression, in sum the revelation, and indeed also the un-representability. The first exigency moves in the direction of what we call “realism;” the second in the direction of the in-figurable ...
Revelation
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

Much later, an artist like Urs Lüthi sets about representing the many stages of his own transformation from a young man into an old woman (Figure 14).1

What has changed most from Rembrandt to Lüthi could well be the affective tone of the portrait. In the case of Rembrandt, this tone remains in the register of an affirmation whose self-confidence is not seriously shaken by suspicions of anxiety which, whatever their possible legitimacy, are going to be sought more behind the painting than in it, in rumors about personal psychology. In the case of Lüthi, on the other hand, by going through the phases of transformation, he specifically paints a disquiet or doubt on the subject of who is seeing him- or herself being seen and who no longer recognizes him- or herself as a consequence....
Infinite Detachment
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2019

The portrait no longer possesses an “authenticity” that is not placed on hold, at a distance, or in doubt. To put it in Heidegger’s terms: “Authentic existence is nothing which hovers over entangled everydayness, but is existentially only a modified grasp of everydayness.”1...
Foucault, Fanon, Intellectuals, Revolutions
Authors: Alessandrini Anthony C.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Michel Foucault’s writings on Iran, alongside several texts by Frantz Fanon, in order to bring out certain aspects of their respective approaches to ongoing revolutions. It argues that such approaches are necessary for postcolonial studies to do justice to the revolutions of our time, such as the still-unfolding struggles of the Arab Spring.