bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rolls on the Ellesmere Ice Shelf
Authors: Hattersley-Smith G.
Published: March 2014

Surface rolls are characteristic features of both the Ellesmere ice shelf and the floating ice islands derived from it. These surface features are described and their origin and evolution discussed. Various theories of origin are considered which involve such forces as pressure from the polar pack, movement of glaciers, temperature variations, tidal movements and wind. Of these, wind action appears the most likely to have caused the rolls, and it is suggested that their development was analogous to the formation of seif dunes in desert. "They should be regarded as fossil snow dunes that have been perpetuated by the annual drainage of melt-water."
An Arctic Alaskan Kelp Bed
Authors: Mohr John L. , Wilimovsky Norman J. , Dawson E. Yale
Published: March 2014

Reports the discovery of a kelp bed near Point Barrow and describes its composition, both red and brown algae and associated fauna: a few polychaetous annelids, arthropods and six fishes, one, Enophrys diceraus new to arctic waters and kelp beds are rare in arctic Alaska waters limited in species and in number of individuals. The general poverty of marine algae is thought due to the prevalence of sediments north of Alaska and to silting effects by sea ice in winter.
Development of Young Varying Lemmings (Dicrostonyx)
Authors: Hansen Richard M.
Published: March 2014

An outline of growth and development of Dicrostonyx groenlandicus rubricatus from birth till the age of 40 days. Appearance of hair and teeth, motion, development of sense organs, weaning, appearance of defensive behavior and of sexual maturity are traced, and weight increase recorded. Observations were made on a laboratory colony established from specimens captured at Umiat, Alaska.
Greenland Today
Authors: Brun Eske
Published: March 2014

... Greenland forms an integral part of the Danish kingdom, and its area of 780,000 square miles is about fifty times that of the rest of Denmark put together. ... Greenland is the largest island in the world, measuring from south to north more than 1,500 miles, but five-sixths of the area is covered by the vast ice cap, which has a thickness of up to 10,000 feet. Only a narrow coastal fringe is ice-free, and even there arctic conditions prevail and forests are non-existent. ... The 25,000 Greenlanders [0.5% of the total Danish population] who inhabit the coasts, in particular the southern part of the west coast, are of mixed Eskimo and Scandinavian extraction. The connection between Greenland and Scandinavia goes back a thousand years to the time of the Vikings .... The Greenlanders now all belong to the national Lutheran Church of Denmark, and in every respect enjoy equal status with other members of the Danish population. Politically, Greenland constitutes a part of the Danish democracy. Popularly elected local councils administer local affairs, and two Greenlanders, elected in Greenland, sit in the Folketing, the Danish Parliament. ... The economy of Greenland is based primarily on the sea. The land offers few facilities for economic development. ... The primitive economy was originally founded on seal-hunting, but the change in world climate, which has taken place during the last generation has forced the Greenlanders to reorganize their economic life as the seal vanished from southern Greenland waters and fish appeared to take its place. ... For nearly a hundred years the mineral cryolite, the bulk of which is used in the aluminium industry, has been mined at Ivigtut, in southwest Greenland. ... Since the war, an intensive geological survey of the whole of Greenland has been undertaken .... Greenland is remarkable for, among other things, the fact that there is no income tax - not yet! But there is other taxation, especially on spirits, tobacco, and various other luxuries. The revenue from these taxes goes to the local councils, which spend the bulk of it on social welfare, especially the care of the aged, invalids, orphans, etc. ... the Danish Government has assumed responsibility for the health services. The climate, and the poor housing that still exists in many places have meant that the health conditions in the past have not been good. Tuberculosis, in particular, has always been a scourge. ... The work of educating the people of Greenland began over two hundred years ago and it is a hundred years since illiteracy was abolished. ... there is at present a great deal of activity in adult education .... In a period that has seen the breaking-up of great colonial empires and the attaining of independence by former colonies, the opposite development has taken place in Greenland: a former colony has been integrated into the kingdom. ...
Variations of Blue, Hoh, and White Glaciers During Recent Centuries
Authors: Heusser Calvin J.
Published: March 2014

Glaciers in the Olympic Mountains of western Washington, as elsewhere in North America, enlarged in late-postglacial time and attained positions from which they have receded conspicuously. Former locations of the ice are marked by moraines and overridden surfaces which the regional vegetation is slowly invading. An examination of aerial photographs of glaciers on Mt. Olympus taken in 1939 and 1952 clearly reveals the progress of recession. In 1952 Blue and Hoh glaciers appear rather inactive whereas a photograph of Blue Glacier taken about the turn of the century shows an actively discharging tongue, well in advance of its position in the early 1950's. About 1900 glacier termini were nevertheless well behind positions reached when the ice stood farther down the valleys in past centuries. No written accounts or measurements are available from this pre-1900 period, although the ages of trees growing on moraines and outwash offer the means for fixing positions of the glaciers during the time before the earliest observations. The minimum periods elapsed since glaciers may have been even farther advanced are established by the ages of the oldest trees in the forests beyond the recent outermost limits of the ice. A reconnaissance of Blue and Hoh glaciers and the vicinity of White Glacier was made during the 1955 summer, and the former limits of the ice were determined and dated. The purpose was to record the variations of Mt. Olympus glaciers so that the climate of this region during the last several centuries might be interpreted from these changes and compared with other localities where similar studies have been made. ...
Studies on Seasonal Changes in the Temperature Gradient of the Active Layer of Soil at Fort Churchill, Manitoba
Authors: Brown Beckel D.K.
Published: March 2014

Reports Canadian Defence Research Board's study, 1950-54. Experiments on rates of freeze and thaw of the active layer are described, showing the effects of surface cover, snow cover and characteristics determining the ability of the soil to conduct and absorb heat. Soil temperatures at varying depths were obtained at stations in swamp and high, dry areas of forested and non-forested localities by means of copper-constantan thermocouples and a portable potentiometer. Snow depth, water level measurements and snow temperatures were recorded for part of the time. Correlations between ambient air temperatures and soil temperatures at varying depths and with varying moisture content, ground and snow covers are presented in graphic and tabular form and discussed; also changes in snow temperature at different depths. Findings show a lag, increasing with depth and longest in relatively dry areas, of soil temperature behind ambient air temperatures; and variations in the effect of snow cover according to its hardness, moisture content and depth. The thermal gradient of the snow is affected by changes in temperature of the ambient air and of the soil, ice or water below it.
Richard Carleton Hubley - 1926-1957
Authors: North America Arctic Institute Of
Published: March 2014

On October 29, 1957, word was received by the Institute of the death of Richard Hubley while leading the International Geophysical Year glaciological program on McCall Glacier, Brooks Range, Alaska. Dr. Hubley's death has come at a time when he has assumed national - and even international - leadership in his chosen field. North American science has been slow in building a coterie of scientists in the field of glaciology. Of those we have, Richard Hubley was one of the most distinguished. Science can as ill afford his loss as can we who knew him as a companion in the office and among the high snows.
Archaeological Investigations in the Arctic and Subarctic, 1957
Authors: MacNeish R.S.
Published: March 2014

... I shall attempt to summarize the various archaeological activities that occurred in the Arctic and subarctic during the last summer. ... Members of a party called Operation Hazen organized by the Defence Research Board as part of the Canadian program for the International Geophysical Year worked on archaeological remains on Ellesmere Island, discovering four sites of aboriginal structures. One, about twenty miles north of Lake Hazen; one on the shores of Lake Hazen; and two along the Ruggles River. Few artifacts were uncovered since they did no digging. These sites, however, are of considerable significance for not only are they the northernmost sites in the Canadian Arctic but they are situated along the hypothetical route of migration from the Canadian Arctic to Greenland. ... Dr. Jorgen Meldgaard of the National Museum of Denmark, returned to the Alarnerk Site in the Igloolik area on the Melville Peninsula after two season's absence. ... Most of these early pre-Dorset remains appear to belong to an early and late period having burins, micro-blades, side-blades, small end-blades, and other artifacts indicating a close relationship with both the Cape Denbigh Flint Complex of Alaska as well as with Sarqaq of Greenland. The sequential changes in his artifact types from these pre-Dorset remains closely parallel change of types from the four middle cultural phases from the Firth River in the Canadian Yukon. ... Mr. William E. Taylor of the National Museum of Canada undertook preliminary excavation and survey in the interior as well as the coast and adjacent islands of the northern part of the Ungava Peninsula. His activities in the interior were at Payne Lake where he found about forty house remains, of which he excavated four. All of these were Dorset with one having a slight overlay of Eskimo remains. On the coast at the estuary of the Payne River, he uncovered another Dorset site as well as one Dorset burial. ... At Sugluk, seven sites were investigated and five of these appear to be Dorset villages with semi-subterranean rectangular houses. My endeavours were in the southern part of the Yukon Territory between Johnsons Crossing, Kluane Lake, Dawson City, and Mayo. Ninety-seven sites were discovered as well as about 1,000 artifacts. The sites seem to belong to at least six different artifact complexes, four of which were below the volcanic ash layers dated about 300 A.D. Twenty-eight of the sites are micro-blade sites. In Alaska, Dr. Ivar Skarland of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Alaska, during the last part of the summer, investigated interior sites on which "Puma" projectile points have been found. Mr. Gordon Lowther, of the McCord Museum of McGill University of Montreal, undertook archaeological survey in the Old Crow Flats in the Yukon Territory. He was most successful in finding fourteen archaeological sites as well as places at which mammoth bones occurred. As yet, his materials have not been analysed ....
The Kill of Wild Geese by the Natives of the Hudson-James Bay Region
Authors: Hanson Harold C. , Currie Campbell
Published: March 2014

The economic plight of Indians and Eskimos in the Hudson-James Bay area is partly dependent on the numbers of wild geese nesting in or migrating through their territory. The information presented on kills indicates that the number taken by native hunters is within a safe limit of what the nesting populations of that area can withstand. Expansion of wintering grounds and inaccessibility of breeding grounds assure that wild geese will continue to be an important source of food for the northern natives.
Some Problems in Engineering Geology Caused by Permafrost in the Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska
Authors: Black Robert F.
Published: March 2014

Deals with permafrost as the controlling influence on certain engineering projects as observed during field studies, 1945-1951. Its direct and indirect effects on transportation, surface and underground exploration, construction and durability of structures, water supply, sewage disposal, drilling for and production of oil and gas are considered, but no attempt is made to present an overall survey. "Overland transportation is hampered most in the spring breakup and fall freeze-up periods; excavation can be made only in summer in the active layer unless special methods are used. Bench marks can be set properly only in adequately drained backfill to 10 m. depth. Foundation excavations must be kept nearly dry; construction material for roads is lacking except locally. Steel landing mats and concrete can be used safely on gravel beaches for landing strips; small airstrips can be built on sand dunes with little grading and little danger of affecting the permafrost. A frozen runway of pycrete or icecrete utilizing turf and surface soil as the foundation and permafrost as a cold reserve in a heat exchanger is recommended for areas lacking suitable materials."--SIPRE.
Possible roles of the cAMP-mediators EPAC and RAP1 in decidualization of rat uterus
Authors: Kusama Kazuya , Yoshie Mikihiro , Tamura Kazuhiro , Daikoku Takiko , Takarada Tsutomu , Tachikawa Eiichi
Published: March 2014

The optimal decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following embryo implantation is one of the critical steps to establish pregnancy in rodents and humans. This step is intricately regulated by ovarian hormones. Usingin vitrohuman ESCs model, we previously showed that activation of a cAMP mediator, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), promotes ovarian steroid- or cAMP analog-induced decidualization. However, expressions and functions of EPAC and RAP1 in the uterus during pregnancy have not yet been examined. In this study, we found that the expression of EPAC2 and RAP1 was markedly upregulated in the decidual cells at the implantation sites on days 7 and 9 of pregnancy in rats. Furthermore, both delayed-implantation and artificial decidualization models showed that EPAC2 and RAP1 expression was enhanced in decidual cells. Significant activation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), a central transcriptional factor of cAMP signaling, was observed in decidual cells. These spatiotemporal expressions of protein related EPAC pathway are overlapped by sites with activated cAMP signaling, indicating the association of EPAC signaling with decidualization. Strikingly, further studies inin vitrorat decidualization model showed that the cAMP analog and medroxyprogesterone stimulated the expression of decidual markers, while knockdown of EPAC1/2 and RAP1 attenuated the expressions of these markers. Together, these findings suggest that EPAC and RAP1 are the crucial factors for endometrial decidualization in rat pregnancy.
The role of SRC1 and SRC2 in steroid-induced SDF1 expression in normal and ectopic endometrium
Authors: Shi Xiu , Xu Wei , Dai Hui-Hua , Sun Ying , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: March 2014

To compare the expression patterns of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) and steroid-induced stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12 (SDF1)) in normal and ectopic endometrium and to explore the roles of NCOA1 (SRC1) and NCOA2 (SRC2) in the steroid-induced CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). The NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3 (SRC3), and CXCL12 (SDF1)α mRNA levels in normal and ectopic endometrium were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Steroid-induced CXCL12 expression was detected by the ELISA method and the chemotactic activity of conditioned supernatant to monocyte was assessed by the Boyden chamber method before and after the silencing of NCOA1 or NCOA2 with siRNA in normal and ectopic ESCs. The expression of NCOA1 and CXCL12 in ectopic endometrium was significantly greater than that in normal endometrium in the secretory phase. Progesterone (P4) was able to significantly inhibit estradiol (E2)-stimulated CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic ESCs. The inhibitory rate of P4 in ectopic ESCs at 72 and 96 h was significantly lower than that in normal ESCs. Silencing of NCOA1 but not NCOA2 significantly reduced the E2-induced CXCL12 expression in normal and ectopic ESCs. The ability of P4 to inhibit E2-induced CXCL12 expression and monocyte chemotaxis in normal and ectopic ESCs was significantly attenuated when NCOA2 was silenced. NCOA1 plays a necessary role in E2-induced CXCL12 expression and NCOA2 is required for P4 to inhibit the E2-induced CXCL12 production in normal and ectopic endometrium.
Natural gaps associated with oxidative stress in Willisornis poecilinotus (Aves: Thamnophilidae) in a tropical forest
Authors: Gomes Andreza de Lourdes Souza , Gonçalves Andrey Felipe Gomes , Vieira José Luiz Fernandes , Marceliano Maria Luiza Videiro , Silva José Maria Cardoso da
Published: March 2014

Natural disturbances in tropical forests modify the availability and quality of resources and alter the patterns of bird distribution. These environmental changes increase the metabolic rate and disrupt the redox balance promoting oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the abundance of Willisornis poecilinotus between gaps and the understory of a forest with undisturbed canopy at Caxiuanã National Forest. The abundance was correlated with vegetation heights. The oxidative stress and the stress promoting factors were determined in both sites of sampling. We captured 81 specimens of W. poecilinotus. The number of captures was high in gaps. The specimens sampled at gaps showed high levels of oxidative stress. The biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly correlated in gaps. The variability of oxidative stress and oxidative damage were explained only by site of sampling. These results suggest that gaps are stressors sites to W. poecilinotus, which probably can be due to an increase of metabolic rate to deal with new flight strategies of foraging and avoid predation
Bioecology of the crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda) in mangroves influenced by the Amazon River, Brazil
Authors: Amaral Kárlia Dalla Santa , Vieira Inácia Maria , Osório Frederico Moreira , Rocha Joana D'arc Mauricio , Lima Jô de Farias
Published: March 2014

The mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) is a valuable fishery resource, overfished along the Brazilian coast. This study aimed to obtain bioecological data on this crab along the coast of the State of Amapá. Six bimonthly samplings were conducted between December 2008 and January 2010. Transects were used to estimate the density (burrows m-2) and population abundance (individuals m-2). All the animals were subjected to biometrics, with females being classified according to their stage of gonadal maturation. The mean density (1.09 burrows m-2) and abundance (0.31 individuals m-2) were influenced by the climate with the highest values in summer (1.17 burrows m-2 and 0.34 individuals m-2). The male to female ratio was 1.38:1 showing significant difference in the proportion of sexes. The individuals showed sexual dimorphism, with linear measurements significantly higher in males. The sampled animals also had larger carapace length and width (CL and CW) compared to crabs studied in other Brazilian states. There was a positive relationship between CW and CL and individual weight (IW) and CW for males (R² = 0.83 and 0.90) and females (R² = 0.79 and 0.84). The growth was negative allometric (CL increases to a lesser extent than CW) for both sexes. The highest frequency of ovigerous females (78%) and in maturation stage IV (38%) occurred in the CW size class between 59.8 and 67.5 mm. The peak of mature females occurred in May and August, showing a reproductive period different from those in other Brazilian states.
Composição e riqueza de Odonata (Insecta) em riachos com diferentes níveis de conservação em um ecótone Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica
Authors: Juen Leandro , Oliveira-Junior José Max Barbosa de , Shimano Yulie , Mendes Thiago Pereira , Cabette Helena Soares Ramos
Published: March 2014

A retirada ou a substituição da vegetação ripária provoca uma alteração no ambiente físico, no fluxo sazonal e na qualidade química da água. Essas modificações podem causar a diminuição da riqueza pela extinção local de espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do distúrbio da integridade ambiental sobre a riqueza e composição de espécies de Odonata adultos em córregos com diferentes níveis de conservação, na Bacia do Rio Suiá-Missu, Mato Grosso, Brasil. As modificações nos sistemas aquáticos afetaram a comunidade de Odonata, provavelmente devido às exigências ecofisiológicas e comportamentais relacionadas a adultos e larvas. Anisoptera, que necessitam de ambientes com maior incidência de sol devido ao tamanho do corpo, apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies em ambientes com menor cobertura vegetal. Por outro lado, os Zygoptera geralmente habitam riachos com cobertura vegetal mais densa, e por isso, apresentaram um decréscimo de sua riqueza em locais alterados, devido à maior entrada de luz e/ou variação do calor. Assim, para as duas subordens, as alterações ambientais não precisam ser severas para produzir modificações significativas na composição, indicando que os serviços ecossistêmicos poderiam ser perdidos, mesmo com alterações parciais do meio físico.
Natural diet and feeding habits of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus: Crustacea, Decapoda) in the estuary of the Amazon River
Authors: Lima Jô de Farias , Garcia Jamile da Silva , Silva Thibério Carvalho da
Published: March 2014

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.
Reproductive aspects of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the State of Amapá, Amazon River mouth
Authors: Lima Jô de Farias , Silva Luis Mauricio Abdon da , Silva Thibério Carvalho da , Garcia Jamile da Silva , Pereira Ilana da Silva , Amaral Karlia Dalla Santa
Published: March 2014

Macrobrachium amazonicum is an indigenous prawn vastly distributed in basins of South America, widely exploited by artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil and, with great potential for aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate general aspects of population structure and reproductive characteristics (size at first maturity, fecundity and reproductive output) of M. amazonicum from two important areas to artisanal prawn fishing located at the mouth of the Amazon River, State of Amapá. The specimens were captured using 20 handcrafted traps called "matapi". A number of 5,179 prawns were captured, 2,975 females and 2,195 males resulting in 1.35:1 female to male ratio. Santana Island and Mazagão Velho showed females predominated in the population. A reproductive peak period was observed from January to April/2009 and in December/2010, coinciding with the period of higher rainfall. The recruitment peak occurred in June and July/2009. Egg-bearing females ranged in size (carapace length) from 11.10 to 29.6 mm. Fecundity increased with female size and reached up to 7,417 eggs. This amount of eggs is considered low if compared with other Macrobrachium estuarine species. Mean egg volume increased gradually from 0.121 to 0.24 mm³ during embryogenesis, representing 68.5% of overall increase from Stage I to Stage III. Eggs of M. amazonicum are small; this is typical for Macrobrachium species, which depends on brackish water to complete the larval development. Irrespective of female size, reproductive output of M. amazonicum varied between 4.8 and 21.85% of their body weight into eggs production.
Nematoides fitoparasitas associados à mandioca na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Rosa Juliana Magrinelli Osório , Oliveira Samara Azevedo de , Jordão Alexandre Luis , Siviero Amauri , Oliveira Claudio Marcelo Gonçalves de
Published: March 2014

A cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) tem importância socioeconômica no Brasil, no entanto há ainda uma escassez de informações sobre a associação de nematoides fitoparasitas, bem como ao comportamento de cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo desses agentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a distribuição geográfica e novas ocorrências das principais espécies de nematoides encontradas associadas à mandioca em diferentes municípios dos estados do Acre, Amapá, Pará e Rondônia. Além disso, estudou-se, em casa de vegetação, a reação de algumas cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae. Nematoides foram extraídos de 10 g de raízes ou 250 cm³ de solo e identificados sob microscópio de luz. A espécie mais prevalente foi P. brachyurus, presente em 37,1% das amostras analisadas (n=35), seguida de M. incognita, encontrada em de 14,2% das amostras. Constituíram novas ocorrências para mandioca no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii e Xiphinema longicaudatum. As cultivares de mandioca provenientes do Amapá (Amazonas, Colônia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha e Pó-da-China) e as cultivares de mandioca Colonial e Caipora, provenientes do Acre, comportaram-se como suscetíveis a M. incognita raça 3. Por outro lado, as cultivares Caipora e Colonial comportaram-se como resistentes a P. brachyurus (fator de reprodução = 0,5 e 0,9, respectivamente) e imunes a P. zeae. Informações geradas neste estudo podem ser úteis para o manejo de áreas cultivadas com mandioca e infestadas pelos nematoides das lesões, P. brachyurus e/ou P. zeae.
Ichthyometry and electrical bioimpedance analysis to estimate the body composition of tambatinga
Authors: Andrade Francisco Teixeira , Abreu Márvio Lobão Teixeira de , Lopes João Batista , Figueiredo Agustinho Valente de , Araripe Maria de Nazaré Bona Alencar , Ferreira Antônio Hosmylton Carvalho
Published: March 2014

Body composition analysis is relevant to characterize the nutritional requirements and finishing phase of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ichthyometric (weight, total and standard length, density and yields), bromatological (fat, protein, ash and water content) and bioelectrical-impedance-analysis (BIA) (resistance, reactance, phase angle and composition indexes) variables in the hybrid tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus). In a non-fertilized vivarium, 520 juveniles were housed and fed commercial rations. Then, 136 days after hatching (DAH), 15 fish with an average weight of 37.69 g and average total length of 12.96 cm were randomly chosen, anesthetized (eugenol) and subjected to the first of fourteen fortnightly assessments (BIA and biometry). After euthanasia, the following parts were weighed: whole carcass with the head, fillet, and skin (WC); fillet with skin (FS); and the remainder of the carcass with the head (CH). Together, FS and CH were ground and homogenized for the bromatological analyses. Estimates of the body composition and yields of tambatinga, with models including ichthyometric and BIA variables, showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (for the FS yield) to 1,00 (for the total ash). Similarly, models that included only BIA variables had correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (FS and CH yields) to 0.98 (for the total ash). Therefore, in tambatinga, the BIA technique allows the estimation of the yield of the fillet with skin and the body composition (water content, fat, ash, and protein). The best models combine ichthyometric and BIA variables.
Antimicrobial activity of honeys from two stingless honeybee species and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) against pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Cruz Carolinie Batista Nobre da , Pieri Fabio Alessandro , Carvalho-Zilse Gislene Almeida , Orlandi Patrícia Puccinelli , Nunes-Silva Carlos Gustavo , Leomil Luciana
Published: March 2014

Honeys are described possessing different properties including antimicrobial. Many studies have presented this activity of honeys produced by Apis mellifera bees, however studies including activities of stingless bees honeys are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of honeys collected in the Amazonas State from Melipona compressipes, Melipona seminigra and Apis mellifera against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Candida albicans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method with Müller-Hinton agar (for bacteria) or Saboraud agar (for yeast). Staphylococcus aureus and E. faecalis were inhibited by all honeys at concentrations below 12%, while E. coli and C. violaceum were inhibited by stingless bee honeys at concentrations between 10 and 20%. A. mellifera honey inhibited E. coli at a concentration of 7% and Candida violaceum at 0.7%. C. albicans were inhibited only with honey concentrations between 30 and 40%. All examined honey had antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, thus serving as potential antimicrobial agents for several therapeutic approaches.
Effects of anthropogenic impacts on benthic macroinvertebrates assemblages in subtropical mountain streams
Authors: Mesa Leticia M. , Reynaga María Celina , Correa Marcela del V. , Sirombra Martín G.
Published: March 2014

The nature of the riparian and surrounding landscape has been modified by anthropogenic activities, which may subsequently alter the composition and functional structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages. The effect of these changes on function of benthic fauna is difficult to assess due to the scarce knowledge on functional structures in tropical streams. In this study we evaluate whether sites impacted and unimpacted by anthropogenic alterations differed in assemblage composition and density, richness and diversity of each functional feeding group. The selection of the sites was related to their distinct riparian characteristics, following the QBRy riparian quality index. Collector-gatherer was the dominant functional feeding group, comprising 91% of total density, whereas the proportion of shredders was very low, representing less of 0.5% of total density. Asemblage composition of macroinvertebrates differed between impacted and unimpacted sites. Predators were dominant in taxa number, representing about 60% of total taxa richness. In addition, the diversity and richness of collector-gatherers differed significantly between degraded and unimpacted sites, reflecting the sensitivity of this group to environmental changes and the utility to be used in the assessment of anthropogenic modifications. The results of this study reinforce the idea that riparian corridor management is critical for the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages as well as functional organization of lotic streams.
Una nueva especie del grupo Drosophila annulimana (Diptera, Drosophilidae) y un nuevo registro en las Provincias de Pichincha y Napo, Ecuador
Authors: Cabezas María Beatriz , Rafael Violeta
Published: March 2014

En estudios realizados en el bosque nublado Intillacta, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, y en la Cordillera de los Guacamayos, provincia de Napo, Ecuador, se encontró una nueva especie de Drosophila. En base a estudios de la morfología de la genitalia masculina, se propone que, Drosophila intillacta sp. nov. pertenece al grupo Drosophila annulimana. Así mismo, se reporta Drosophila tarsata Schiner, 1868, capturada en la Cordillera de los Guacamayos, como un nuevo registro para el país.
Influence of seasonal changes in daily activity and annual life cycle of Geotrigona mombuca (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a Cerrado habitat, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gobatto André L. , Knoll Fátima R. N.
Published: March 2014

The foraging activity of Geotrigona mombuca Smith, 1863 was studied under natural conditions aiming to verify the influence of seasonal changes on daily flight activity and annual cycle of the colony. Daily flight activity was monitored for a year based on the observation and counting of foragers leaving and entering the hive, as well as the kind of material transported and meteorological factors such as day time, temperature and relative humidity. The influence of seasonal changes was evidenced by alterations on daily rhythm of flight activity and by differences on transportation of food resources, building material and garbage. These data indicate that forager behavior is related to daily microclimate conditions and it is synchronized with the requirements of colony annual cycle, which determines an intense pollen collection in the summer. Thus, the recomposition of the intranidal population in spring and summer can be ensured, which is characterized both for a higher intensity of flight activity and increase in garbage and resin transport, as well as the swarming process in the spring. In this way, an action targeting the preservation or management of the species in a natural environment should consider that survival and reproduction of the colony depends greatly on the amount of available pollen in late winter.
Three new species of Neodrassex (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Brazil
Authors: Ott Ricardo
Published: March 2014

Three new species of Neodrassex Ott, 2012 are described from Brazil: N. cachimbo sp. nov. from state of Pará, N. nordeste sp. nov. from state of Piauí and N. ibirapuita sp. nov. from state of Rio Grande do Sul.
The diet of the black widow spider Latrodectus mirabilis (Theridiidae) in two cereal crops of central Argentina
Authors: Pompozzi Gabriel , Ferretti Nelson , Schwerdt Leonela , Copperi Sofía , Ferrero Adriana A. , Simó Miguel
Published: March 2014

The spider Latrodectus mirabilis (Holmberg, 1876) is commonly found in cereals crops of central Argentina. We studied its diet composition at the field and capture rate on leaf-cutting ants based on laboratory experiments. This study comprises the first approach that documents the diet of L. mirabilis in wheat and oat fields of central Argentina. We identified 1,004 prey items collected from its webs during the last phenological stages of both cereal crops. The prey composition was variable but the spiders prey mainly on ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera), who represented more than 86% of the total. Meanwhile, in the capture rate experiences we registered a high proportion of ants captured by spiders at the beginning of experiences, capturing the half of the ants from total in the first four hours. Summarizing, we reported a polyphagous diet of this spider species in wheat and oat fields. Ants were the most important prey item of this spider, as found in other Latrodectus spiders around the world.
Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brasil: novas espécies e novos registros
Authors: Galileo Maria Helena M. , Martins Ubirajara R. , Nascimento Francisco E. de L.
Published: March 2014

Três novas espécies são descritas do Piauí, em Cerambycinae: Compsibidion pictum, sp. nov. (Neoibidionini); em Lamiinae: Adetus differentis sp. nov. (Apomecynini) e Mimasyngenes piauiensis sp. nov. (Desmiphorini). De 75 espécies procedentes do Riacho dos Bois (Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões), 50 são novos registros para o Piauí. Três subfamílias são reconhecidas: uma espécie de Prioninae, 46 espécies de Cerambycinae e 28 espécies de Lamiinae.
Cosmopolitismo científico e culturas locais: percepções dos avanços da ciência por lideranças religiosas no recôncavo baiano
Authors: Baiardi Amilcar , Mendes Fabihana Souza , Rodrigues Wellington Gil
Published: March 2014

Os avanços da ciência, no campo das medicinas e da biologia, são percebidos de maneira diversa, a depender da cultura, dos valores, da religiosidade etc. No Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil, território que, no período colonial, foi o mais importante centro comercial da província e seu maior produtor de cana de açúcar e de algodão, isso se dá emblematicamente. Nessa região, grupos populacionais, formados por descendentes de produtores rurais e agregados, com etnia branca, e por descendentes de escravos, com etnia negra, vêm, ao longo dos séculos, metamorfoseando e consolidando crenças. Desses processos resultou uma grande diversidade de crenças: de gênese cristã, catolicismo e protestantismo, de origem africana, Ilê Axé Ogunjá e Candomblé de essência nagô e Malé, de influência islâmica, e com raízes mistas, envolvendo catolicismo e religiões africanas, tipo a seita da "Boa Morte" e a Umbanda. Esse amplo espectro de religiões que convivem sem conflitos manifesta reações diferentes a práticas e condutas da ciência contemporânea. Questões como a modificação genética, o uso de células-tronco, a clonagem etc. são vistas de forma diferente, com tolerância ou resistência por parte desses sistemas de crenças. O presente trabalho se propõe a fazer uma sistematização de reações de líderes religiosos a alguns símbolos da ciência moderna.
Religião e ciência: diferença e repetição - uma investigação a partir da concepção moral e religiosa de Henri Bergson
Authors: Galeffi Dante Augusto
Published: March 2014

O foco do artigo é a investigação da relação entre religião e ciência, tomando como horizonte de partida a concepção moral e religiosa do filósofo Henri Bergson. Inicialmente localiza-se o campo histórico da investigação por meio de traços da vida e das principais obras desse autor, considerando essa localização como importante para informar sobre os limites históricos de toda concepção de mundo e de valor. Em seguida, apresenta-se o plano geral da concepção moral e religiosa em Bergson e, a partir dessa concepção de fundo, procura-se compreender e descrever o plano criador de sua concepção de religião na evolução histórica da espécie humana. Tomando o vasto acervo bergsoniano como pano de fundo para uma compreensão da moral, da religião e da ciência hoje, destaca-se a relação entre as formas estáticas e as formas dinâmicas, fechadas e abertas, dessas realizações do ser humano. Interpela-se a Mecânica e a Mística na sociedade do conhecimento e da informação em suas diferenças e repetições, em suas novas, surpreendentes e contraditórias expressões sociais mecânicas e místicas, pois a mecânica da sociedade do conhecimento e da informação global enseja também novas místicas e novas formas de comoção coletiva e engajamento social.
Breves considerações na convergência ciência e religião
Authors: Azevêdo Eliane S.
Published: March 2014

Diversos são os caminhos que permitem a abordagem do tema ciência e religião. Tentaremos percorrer um deles. Ciência e religião são instituições históricas seculares que compartilharam saberes produzidos pela mesma humanidade que criou ambas. Na história humana ocidental, existem saberes comuns às religiões abraâmicas e ao interesse da ciência. Alguns desses saberes continuam sendo fontes de inspiração para pesquisa científica. Foram difundidos antes do nascimento da ciência moderna, e estiveram no centro da revolução científica do século XVII, prevalecendo atuais em ciência e em religião, não obstante o distanciamento doutrinário entre ambas. Finalmente, algumas palavras sobre interesse atual em ciência e religião.
Teoria da cultura na perspectiva criada pelo ensaio "o futuro de uma ilusão" de Freud
Authors: Lima Paulo Costa
Published: March 2014

Neste artigo buscamos reconstruir os indícios de uma certa teoria da cultura presentes no discurso de Freud a partir das perspectivas criadas pelo ensaio O futuro de uma Ilusão. Registramos um curioso paralelo entre o discurso de Freud e o de John Lennon. Acompanhamos, assim, as marcas da "empreitada científica" por ele empreendida e as relações múltiplas que vão sendo estabelecidas com a cultura, especialmente a partir da análise das ideias religiosas e de sua possível origem no desamparo infantil, no desamparo humano. Discutimos ainda a natureza desse campo que toma a cultura como ensejo para análises e interpretações, a noção de "libideme" como equivalente gozosa da episteme epocal proposta por Foucault, e o horizonte de transição de uma cultura orientada pelo recalque para uma cultura orientada pela perversão - tudo isso incidindo diretamente sobre a vida e sobre a arte e produzindo questões urgentes e aparentemente não resolvíveis.
O espaço da negritude e o reverso da africanidade: crítica sobre as relações raciais contemporâneas
Authors: Gadea Carlos A.
Published: March 2014

O presente trabalho discute as dimensões sociais que parecem estar adquirindo o espaço da negritude e a experiência negra na atualidade. Devido a uma série de transformações políticas, sociais e culturais, parte-se da ideia de que os afrodescendentes expandiram os cenários de suas interações, suscitando modificações na forma como constroem suas identificações sociais. Jovens negros, por exemplo, protagonizam um processo de individualização e diferenciação social que contribui para desestabilizar identificações culturais ancoradas nas já clássicas noções de africanidade e comunidade. Nesse sentido, realiza-se uma crítica sobre as formas que adquirem as relações raciais contemporâneas, supondo que os marcos referenciais clássicos de constituição do espaço da negritude não parecem continuar correspondendo ao que, de fato, está sendo vivido por muitos afrodescendentes hoje.
O setor de segurança privada da região metropolitana de São Paulo: crescimento, dimensões
Authors: Lopes Cleber da Silva
Published: March 2014

O artigo mobiliza o conceito ampliado de policiamento atualmente em voga na literatura internacional para mapear os tipos de atores ativos na provisão de segurança no Brasil e para analisar empiricamente as dimensões, o crescimento e algumas das características do policiamento executado pelo setor legal de segurança privada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A análise empírica mostra que esse setor passou por um crescimento muito acelerado durante a década de 90, superando as forças de segurança pública em termos de efetivo, na década seguinte. A maioria dos seguranças particulares atua em espaços de trabalho, moradia, compras ou lazer onde a população passa grande parte do seu tempo. Assim, o cidadão médio encontra-se hoje mais exposto ao policiamento executado por agentes de segurança privada do que ao policiamento realizado por policiais da força pública. Esses fatos são discutidos à luz de uma agenda de pesquisa que ainda não se impôs nas ciências sociais brasileiras.
Da recuperação da informação à recuperação do conhecimento: reflexões e propostas
Authors: Pontes Junior João de , Carvalho Rodrigo Aquino de , Azevedo Alexander William
Published: March 2014

Apresenta reflexões e propostas da recuperação da informação ao que hoje é chamado de recuperação do conhecimento. Este último se trata de um termo relativamente novo, que, ainda, tem muito a ser discutido e estudado. Sendo assim, o que artigo apresenta é um debate sobre a recuperação da informação, em que explanamos sobre os vários autores que tratam o assunto, bem como sobre algumas ferramentas para a recuperação da informação, como classificação, tesauros, taxonomias e ontologias, que, também, poderiam ser utilizadas para a recuperação do conhecimento, de forma tão eficiente quanto para recuperação da informação. O que se pretende não é definir o escopo da recuperação do conhecimento, mas lançar uma discussão sobre o tema, a fim de angariar novas contribuições e definições sobre o assunto.
Representações visuais para recuperação de informação na BDTD-UFPE
Authors: Correa Renato Fernandes , Vieira Jessica Monique de Lira
Published: March 2014

Analisa a aplicabilidade de visualizações, como interfaces amigáveis para Sistemas de Recuperação de Informação (SRIs), bem como discute a construção de representação visual de informações para o SRI da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). A metodologia consiste em estudo de caso, envolvendo análise do uso de visualizações em sites de SRIs e discussão dos caminhos percorridos para construção de visualizações para recuperação de teses e dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direto da UFPE. Conclui-se que interfaces de SRIs, que disponibilizam visualizações, transmitem informações de forma agradável e interativa, possibilitando a recuperação de documentos relevantes e garantido melhor socialização dos conhecimentos. Entretanto, a escolha da visualização a ser construída para determinado SRI, deve levar em conta não só as vantagens do uso das mesmas pelo usuário, mas, também, o atendimento aos requisitos de organização da informação necessários para construção de cada visualização.
Análise bibliométrica dos temas inteligência competitiva, gestão do conhecimento e conhecimento organizacional, no repositório institucional da universidade de Brasília
Authors: Araújo Júnior Rogério Henrique de , Perucchi Valmira , Lopes Paulo Roberto Danelon
Published: March 2014

Trata da análise dos temas Inteligência Competitiva (IC), Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) e Conhecimento Organizacional (CO), no Repositório Institucional da Universidade da Brasília (RIUnB), que está disponível em acesso aberto desde setembro de 2008. O objetivo é verificar a produção científica sobre as áreas de pesquisa, a partir dos documentos que constam no RIUnB. O método de trabalho consistiu nos estudos bibliométricos, a fim de se inteirar sobre a produção de trabalhos referentes ao conhecimento resultante do desenvolvimento de pesquisas no âmbito institucional, para conhecer a comunidade. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento notório desses temas na ciência da informação, com perspectiva de crescimento em outras áreas: administração, engenharia elétrica, educação e gestão social e trabalho, demonstrando sua potencial interdisciplinaridade; houve maior concentração de publicação nos temas gestão do conhecimento, conhecimento organizacional e inteligência competitiva, respectivamente, e existe uma concentração dessas publicações em três pesquisadores na comunidade da Faculdade de Ciência da Informação (FCI). Conclui-se que os temas são mais frequentes na área de ciência da informação, entretanto, nota-se o seu aparecimento em outras áreas do conhecimento, na UnB: administração, engenharia elétrica, educação e gestão social e do trabalho. Esses dados podem revelar uma tendência de consolidação dos temas de pesquisa em outras áreas.
Observância da lei de acesso à informação pelas autarquias federais do Brasil
Authors: Cavalcanti Joyce Mariella Medeiros , Damasceno Larissa Mayara da Silva , Souza Neto Manoel Veras de
Published: March 2014

Este estudo analisa a conformidade dos sítios eletrônicos das autarquias federais, em relação à Lei de Acesso a Informação. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, cujo instrumento é uma Listagem de Verificação com dezenove itens. Os resultados demonstraram que, em média, 66% da amostra cumpriram com os itens e, em pontos específicos, como classificação das informações sigilosas, cópias de contratos, disponibilização de relatórios em formatos de planilha/texto e estruturação da informação, houve descumprimento acima de 90%.