bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of LC-MS based urine metabolomics in healthy children and adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Tian Xiaoyi , Qinghong Shi , Sun Haidan , Jing Li , Tang Xiaoyue , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Ying , Wang Yan , Ma Jie , Na Ren , He Chengyan , Song Wenqi , Sun Wei
Published: June 2022

Previous studies reported that sex and age could influence urine metabolomics, which should be considered in biomarker discovery. As a consequence, for the baseline of urine metabolomics characteristics, it becomes critical to avoid confounding effects in clinical cohort studies. In this study, we provided a comprehensive lifespan characterization of urine metabolomics in a cohort of 348 healthy children and 315 adults, aged 1 to 78 years, using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Our results suggest that sex-dependent urine metabolites are much greater in adults than in children. The pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and alanine metabolism pathways were enriched in early life. Androgen and estrogen metabolism showed high activity during adolescence and youth stages. Pyrimidine metabolism was enriched in the geriatric stage. Based on the above analysis, metabolomic characteristics of each age stage were provided. This work could help us understand the baseline of urine metabolism characteristics and contribute to further studies of clinical disease biomarker discovery.
Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis on flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) during colour-transition
Authors: Ren Chaoxiang , Chen Chao , Dong Shuai , Wang Rui , Xian Bin , Liu Tianlei , Xi Ziqing , Pei Jin , Chen Jiang
Published: June 2022

Background

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), well known for its flower, is widely used as a dye and traditional Chinese medicine. Flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, are the main pigments and active components. However, their biosynthesis is largely unknown. Interestingly, the colour of flowers in safflower changed from yellow to red during flower development, while much of the gene and chemical bases during colour transition are unclear.

Methods

In this research, widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to elucidate the changes in flavonoid biosynthesis from the gene and chemical points of view in flowers of safflower during colour transition. The screening of differential metabolites depended on fold change and variable importance in project (VIP) value. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by DESeq2 method. RT-PCR was used to analyse relative expressions of DEGs.

Results

A total of 212 flavonoid metabolites, including hydroxysafflor yellow A, carthamin and anthocyanins, were detected and showed a large difference. The candidate genes of glycosyltransferases and flavonoid hydroxylase that might participate in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis were screened. Ten candidate genes were screened. Through integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis, a uridine diphosphate glucose glycosyltransferase gene, CtUGT9 showed a significant correlation with flavonoid glycosides in safflower. In addition, expression analysis showed that CtUGT9 was mainly expressed in the middle development of flowers and was significantly upregulated under MeJA treatment. Our results indicated that CtUGT9 might play an important role in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis during colour-transition in safflower.
Socio-Economic Assessment of Sugarcane-Based Cropping System in Negros Occidental, Philippines
Authors: Corsiga Clea Anne , Badayos Rodrigo , Sanchez Pearl , Paterno Erlinda , Sta. Cruz Pompe
Published: June 2022

The sugar industry is the life-giving force of the economy of Negros Occidental which contributes to more than half of the country's total sugar production. The study aims to know the socio-economic status of sugarcane farmers in the province; evaluate their management practices on sugarcane production profitability based on the suitability and constraints exhibited by the major soil series grown to sugarcane, and to determine the effect of these farmers' practices on the properties of the soils. A survey on twenty-five (25) farmers was conducted. FAO soil constraints and suitability analysis tool were used to identify the constraints and suitability of Guimbalaon, Isabela, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Silay soil series. Existing management practices of farmers like monocropping, burning of trashes, and intensive and inappropriate use of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides may either affect soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Topography and wetness were the severe constraints in all soil series. Sugarcane farmers with farms belonging to Silay series have the highest profitability based on net income, return on investment, and benefit-cost ratio while those belonging to Isabela series have the lowest profitability which could be attributed to varying constraints for sugarcane production thus, appropriate soil management interventions are necessary for this series.
Major Soil Series of Capiz, Philippines and their Suitable Crops
Authors: Balacase Auralyn F. , Badayos Rodrigo B. , Sanchez Pearl B. , Paterno Erlindas , Sta. Cruz Pompec
Published: June 2022

Evaluation and assessment of soil variabilities to determine crop suitability, constraints and best management practices to enhance crop productivity of the major soil series in Capiz were conducted from March to July 2016. A random collection of composite soil samples were taken from three depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) on the shoulder, back slope, and foot slope. Composite soil samples were air dried, pulverized, and were passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve and were analyzed in the laboratory.  Results of laboratory analysis were used in matching land qualities and crop requirements following the 1975 FAO framework. Crop suitability ratings obtained from the results of matching were used to map crop suitability using geographical information system (GIS) and in determining limitations of these major soils to crop production. Results show that Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Sapian soil series were currently not suitable (N1) for corn due to soil acidity problem (pH<5).  However, Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon and Sapian series were marginally suitable (S3) to banana, sugarcane, sweet potato and upland rice. Luisiana and San Manuel series were only marginally suitable to cassava but currently not suitable to other crops and permanently not suitable (N2) to irrigated and lowland rice. Other soil constraints identified to limit production of crops include drainage, coarse fragments, soil depth, topography, and rainfall. Regular conduct of soil survey and analysis is recommended to monitor fertility status and degree of variabilities in the field for proper land use. Farmers should also be oriented with new technologies to improve soil productivity and crop yield.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Use on the Energetics and Economics of Sugarcane Production in Negros, Philippines
Authors: Sarimong Ryan , Sanchez Pearl
Published: June 2022

Sound management of soil nutrients is necessary in improving the productivity of sugarcane monoculture. Different fertilizers have advantages and limitations, thus, it is imperative to frame out a strategy for the judicious combination of these nutrient sources. This study determined the effect of using organic amendments and microbial inoculant on the energetics and economics of sugarcane production under acid upland soil. Field experiment involving twelve treatments using 'Phil 2004-1011' sugarcane variety was carried in acid Typic Hapludand soil. The recommended N rate (RRN) was reduced to 75, 50 and 25% with subsequent application of mudpress to satisfy the full N recommendation. Bagasse ash and microbial inoculant were used to supplement the nutrient sources. Reducing the recommended N rate with subsequent application of mudpress, bagasse ash and microbial inoculant produced the highest cane and sugar yield. Application of 25% RRN from inorganic fertilizer + 75% RRN from mudpress + bagasse ash + microbial inoculant had the highest energy efficiency and cane yield per joule. Utilization of 50% RRN IF: 50% RRN MP + BA + MI produced the most sugar yield per joule. Better return on investment and benefit-cost ratio were obtained from the application of 50% RRN from inorganic fertilizer: 50% RRN from mudpress. In conclusion, the combined use of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers can improve cane yield and energy efficiency. Integrated use of inorganic and organic fertilizers can increase economic efficiency.
Socio- economic Profile of Women Dairy Farmers in Guntur District of Andhrapradesh
Authors: Keerthi V. , Anitha A. , Rao K. Ananda , Sudhakar K.
Published: June 2022

An investigation was carried out to study the socio-economic profile of 225 women dairy farmers to understand their social participation, extension contact, training and mass media exposure regarding dairying activities in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. The study revealed that majority (P≤0.01) of farm women belonged to middle age group (70.20%), backward Caste (38.20%) and had primary education (38.67%). Most of them were married (93.80%), belonged to nuclear families (76.40%) and had small family size (76.90%). Labour work and dairying was the major occupation (38.20%) of women in the study area. Most of the women had medium level of experience in dairying (51.60%) and were members in DWCRA/SHG (93.80%). Significant (P≤0.01) majority of women dairy farmers were frequently in contact with para veterinarian (62.70%) and veterinarian (46.20%). Women in Pedaravuru division had frequent exposure to television (37.30%) and occasional exposure to newspaper (29.30%). Women dairy farmers in Pedaravuru division obtained more income (rupees/day) through dairying (888.00±58.43).
Effect of Decryodes edulis (African Black Pear) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Liver Enzyme Markers of Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Omeodu S. I. , Aleme B. M. , Uahomo P. O. , Osah P. C.
Published: June 2022

Aim: This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Dacryodes edulis (African Black Pear) on liver enzyme markers associated with acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Method: Qualitative phytochemical screening was done on the aqueous leaves extract of D. edulis and in vivo experiment was carried out afterwards. 20 adult male Wistar rats were used which were randomized into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 served as the positive control and were fed with rat pellets and water only, Group 2 served as acetaminophen control and were fed with rat pellets and water and then treated with 2 g/kg acetaminophen only, Group 3, 4 and 5 was served 2g/kg acetaminophen and treated with 100mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of stock solution of the plant extract in addition to rat pelleted feed and water ad libitum. The experimental process lasted for 14 days after which blood samples were collected for liver enzyme assay. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparatate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed using Randox Kits.

Results: Result obtained revealed that aqueous extract of Dacryodes edulis significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity at a dose dependent rate evident by the reduction in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, Urea and creatinine.

Conclusion: The result showed the hepatoprotective effect of Dacryodesedulis against toxicity induced by acetaminophen induction in the liver and this is due to the phytochemicals present in the leaf part of Dacryodes edulis. Hence, Dacryodes edulis has hepatoprotective potential against acetaminophen liver damage.
Influence of Agripreneurial Orientation Constructs on Growth of Cassava-Based Small and Medium Enterprises in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Sambrumo Gad Matayo , Ngigi Margaret Wanjiru , Mutai Benjamin K.
Published: June 2022

The study sought to analyse influence of agripreneurial orientation constructs on growth of cassava based small and medium enterprises in Migori County, Kenya. Data were collected using snow balling sampling method from 171 cassava agripreneurs. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Probit model. The study revealed that the respondents were middle aged (43 years), majority were female (78.4%.), had reached formal education (52%), average age of enterprises was 10years and average quantity of cassava traded per week of 29 Kg, average number of workers employed of 2 persons while the average distance to the market being 3Km. The important and statistically significant variables that influence growth of cassava based small and medium enterprises include: Education level (p<0.05), number of Skilled employees (P<.01), owner experience (P<.1), number of trained employees (P<0.01), enterprise age (P<0.05), competitive aggressiveness (P<.01) and agripreneurial orientation (P<0.05) with Psedudo R2 value (.5946). According to these findings, the study recommends that the government should empower cassava based agripreneurs through training, trade fairs and capacity building to change the mind-set of the agripreneurs while providing incentives in venturing into cassava for the growth of the agrienterprises as well as individual growth. The government of Kenya can achieve these through its agricultural organizations with collaborations with Non-Governmental organizations and other stakeholders.
Preparation of Angiotico-2 (A-2) an Electrohomeopathic Remedy, its TLC, FTIR, Pharmacognocalogical, Phytochemical, Chemical, Heavy Metal, Pesticide, Food Additives and Microbial Screening for Safe Usage
Authors: Babu P. Suresh , Bhavya D. C. , Murthy E. Siddalinga , Ramesha B. , Pujji M. P. S. , Mogra Achala , Chandrika I. , Kumar S. Naveen
Published: June 2022

To evaluate phytochemical, heavy metal, pesticide, microbial assay, and also FTIR studies of Angiatico-2 (A-2) an Electrohomeopathic remedy to evaluate safety and efficacy for its usage.     Electrohomeopathy / Electropathy is one purely herbal medical system invented by Italian C. C. Mattie (1809-1896) has been practiced since the 1860s across the world. Electrohomeopathy has its own unique principles, plants selection, the process of remedies preparation, diagnosis, selection, and combination of drugs for different diseases, dosage, and treatment methods. In India, it is estimated that there are about 450-500 institutions imparting education and research, about 4.5 to 5 lacks practitioners are practicing and millions of population getting benefits currently. The government of India initiated steps to recognize Electrohomeopathy medical system under the constitution. Unfortunately, there is very limited scientific evidence to evaluate the safety, efficacy, phytochemical, and pharmacology studies in Electrohomeopathy. We prepared Angiatico-2 an Electrohomeopathic remedy as Mother Solution and D4 dilutions and evaluated it’s phytochemical screening, TLC, FTIR spectrum, Physical and Chemical nature, presence or absence of heavy metals, Pesticide, Food Additives and Microbial   under NABL standards for its safety usage. Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 prepared by using 7 non poisonous plants by Krauss method under standard condition and not shown any heavy metals, pesticide presence and also no microbial presence above the limit level of FSSAI standard. Present studies of Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 preparation and its screening in standard scientific laboratory condition,   TLC & FTIR studies may become reference standards for the manufacture of Angiatico-2 for bulk quantity at industrial level for. The present research investigations outcome with reproducibility may become standard markers or signatures to assess the quality and safe use of Angiatico-2.
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nutrients on Horticultural and Biochemical Traits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Chauhan Manish , Shilpa . , Bijalwan Priyanka , Sharma H. R. , Shukla Y. R.
Published: June 2022

The present study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm at Dr YSP UHF Nauni, Solan during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experimentation was designed in RCBD along with three replications. The data was worked out for various growth, yield and biochemical attributes of garlic. The outcomes of the investigation  presented that maximum plant height (88.49 cm), number of leaves per plant (10.35), bulb weight (64.81g),  yield per hectare (199.46 q), was calculated for the treatment combination comprising of 75% RDN + Zn @ 5kg/ha + S @ 40kg/ha + 5% Jeevamrit @ 1 l/m2(T13). Observations from  the recorded data also proved that 75% RDN + Zn @ 5kg/ha + S @ 40kg/ha + 5% Jeevamrit @ 1 l/m2(T13) recorded maximum oleoresin content(%)and dry matter content (%) i.e. 1.55 and 46.12. Hence, this combination can be further recommended to grower, so they can fetch more yield from the limited land holding.
Effect of Warm Water Bathe on the Testes and Sperm Quality of Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Aguwa Ugochukwu Samuel , Temple Ibeh Chidubem , Echezona Eze , Nwosu Chioma , Okonkwo David Izuchukwu , Uzoahia Adline Uchechi , Adedokun Janeth, , Owoh Ifeanyichukwu Michael
Published: June 2022

Hot water bathe is both therapeutic and habitual. Studies have shown that the testis functions optimally at temperatures slightly below body temperature. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of regular warm water bath on the histoarchitecture of the testis and the sperm quality in Wistar rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats each based on closeness of body weight. Rats were soaked fully (except head and neck) inside water of varying temperatures. The control group A was soaked in normal water at room temperature. The other rats in groups B, C and D were exposed to warm water at 30oC, 35oC and 40oC respectively for 10 minutes every day for 14 days. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, the animals were weighed and sacrificed using chloroform sedation. The semen was extracted from the tail end of the epididymis for analysis of sperm quality while the testes were fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. Data was analyzed using the SPSS (version 21). Results obtained were expressed as Mean ± SD in each group. Tested parameters were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between means were regarded significant at P<0.05

The findings of the present study showed that warm water bath at 30⁰C and 35⁰C did not cause reduction in sperm count or rat weight. However, at 40OC spermatogenesis was adversely affected.
Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistant among Diarrhoeagenic Children 0-60 Months with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Organisms Isolated in Selected Hospitals of Bauchi State Metropolis
Authors: Jasada Ijudai , Umar A. F. , Agbo E. , Abdulrahman Omammegbe
Published: June 2022

Background: Salmonella non-typhoidal is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge, which has accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics, causes severe infections, complications, longer hospital stays and increased mortality in the study area. To screen and isolate multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from diarrhoeagenic children aged 0-60 months.

Methodology: A total of 222 stool samples were collected from symptomatic diarrhoeagenic children between August-December, 2019 in selected hospitals in Bauchi state metropolis. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index.β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 50 isolates of Salmonella obtained and 9 positive isolates of non-typhoidal was obtained respectively. Non-typhoidal Salmonella were discovered to be more prevalence among age between 48-60 months (37.50%), male children (62.50%), outpatients (62.50%) and more prevalence among patient attending Bauchi State Specialist Hospital (33.33%).

Results: The results of antimicrobial susceptibility of the commonly used and prescribed antibiotics showed that, 87.5% of the non-typhoidal Salmonella were resistant to cloxacillin, followed by 75% to tetracycline and 75% to chloramphenicol. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the non-typhoidal Salmonella in this study shows that 62.5% have MAR index of ≥ 0.5, this indicate a significant level of misuse of these antibiotics. The result revealed a positive correlation and the relationship was statistically significant (0.005) at 1% level of significant. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected tetA gene and tetB gene.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated a relatively high level of gene mediated antibiotic resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among non-typhoidal Salmonella is a cause of concern and reiterates the need for extensive routine checks along with stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.
Teaching Microbiology- Online and Offline Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Radu Mihaela Corina , Matei Catalina Vali , Bodea Delia , Dumitrescu Anca , Manolescu Loredana Sabina Cornelia
Published: June 2022

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has caused a general crisis, affecting several sectors of the society, sectors that were not exactly ready to deal with critical situations. This is also the case with education, which was faced a huge challenge: digital, online teaching teaching.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of online microbiology course with a traditional course, taught by the same professors, the students involved are in the first three years of study at the Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, in the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" from Bucharest.

Methods: The period of our study was of two years, 2019-2021. The first year had digital classes and the second had face to face classes The study conducted a prospective study. It was used a 10-question questionnaire as a tool for assessing students' perceptions regarding the difficulty of online teaching with every aspect, such as homework’s, projects, presentations and online browsing. It was also compared the method of online and traditional education.

Results: Almost half of our participants, 46.9% found the teaching files for the online lectures satisfactory and understandable while 51% of students considered easier to study online than face to face. Regarding face-to-face studying, 67.3% of the responders voted for the face-to-face teaching. Technical issues were reported by 47.2% when connecting or during online classes.

Findings: This study will contribute to future research that investigates students' perceptions of microbiology courses and laboratories to ensure the development of a quality microbiology curriculum.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Hopkins Zachary H. , Thiboutot Diane , Homsi Haya A. , Perez-Chada Lourdes Maria , Barbieri John S.
Published: June 2022

Importance

Multiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exist for patients with acne. However, little is known about the content validity and other measurement properties of these PROMs.

Objective

To systematically review PROMs for HRQoL in adults or adolescents with acne.

Data Sources

Eligible studies were extracted from PubMed and Embase (OVID).

Study Selection

Full-text articles published in English or Spanish on development, pilot, or validation studies for acne-specific, dermatology-specific, or generic HRQoL PROMs were included. Development studies included original development studies, even if not studied in acne patients per Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. If a study included several diagnoses, the majority (ie, over 50%) of patients must have acne or acne-specific subgroup analyses must be available. Abstract and full-text screening was performed by 2 independent reviewers.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two independent reviewers assessed study quality applying the COSMIN checklist and extracted and analyzed the data. For each distinctive PROM, quality of evidence was graded by measurement property.

Main Outcomes and Measures

PROM properties (target population, domains, recall period, development language), PROM development and pilot studies, content validity (relevance, comprehensiveness, comprehensibility), and remaining measurement properties (structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness). Quality of evidence was assigned for each measurement property of included PROMs. An overall recommendation level was assigned based on content validity and quality of the evidence of measurement properties.

Results

We identified 54 acne PROM development or validation studies for 10 acne-specific PROMs, 6 dermatology-specific PROMs, and 5 generic PROMs. Few PROMs had studies for responsiveness. The only acne-specific PROMs with sufficient evidence for content validity were the CompAQ and Acne-Q. Based on available evidence, the Acne-Q and CompAQ can be recommended for use in acne clinical studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

Two PROMs can currently be recommended for use in acne clinical studies: the Acne-Q and CompAQ. Evidence on content validity and other measurement properties were lacking for all PROMs; further research investigating the quality of remaining acne-specific, dermatology-specific, and generic HRQoL PROMs is required to recommend their use.
Exocyst functions in plants: secretion and autophagy
Authors: Žárský Viktor
Published: June 2022

Tethering complexes mediate vesicle–target compartment contact. Octameric complex exocyst initiate vesicle exocytosis at specific cytoplasmic membrane domains. Plant exocyst is possibly stabilized at the membrane by a direct interaction between SEC3 and EXO70A. Land plants evolved three basic membrane‐targeting EXO70 subfamilies, the evolution of which resulted in several types of exocyst with distinct functions within the same cell. Surprisingly, some of these EXO70‐exocyst versions are implicated in autophagy, as is animal exocyst, and are involved in host defense, cell wall fortification and transport of secondary metabolites. Interestingly, EXO70Ds act as selective autophagy receptors in the regulation of cytokinin signaling pathway. Secretion of double membrane autophagy‐related structures formed with the contribution of EXO70s to the apoplast suggests the possibility of secretory autophagy in plants.
Magneto–Electric–Optical Coupling in Multiferroic BiFeO3‐Based Films
Authors: Geng Wan‐Rong , Tang Yun‐Long , Zhu Yin‐Lian , Wang Yu‐Jia , Wu Bo , Yang Li‐Xin , Feng Yan‐Peng , Zou Min‐Jie , Shi Tong‐Tong , Cao Yi , Ma Xiu‐Liang
Published: June 2022

Manipulating ferroic orders and realizing their coupling in multiferroics at room temperature are promising for designing future multifunctional devices. Single external stimulation has been extensively proved to demonstrate the ability of ferroelastic switching in multiferroic oxides, which is crucial to bridge the ferroelectricity and magnetism. However, it is still challenging to directly realize multi‐field‐driven magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic oxides as potential multifunctional electrical devices. Here, novel magneto–electric–optical coupling in multiferroic BiFeO3‐based thin films at room temperature mediated by deterministic ferroelastic switching using piezoresponse/magnetic force microscopy and aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy are shown. Reversible photoinduced ferroelastic switching exhibiting magnetoelectric responses is confirmed in BiFeO3‐based films, which works at flexible strain states. This work directly demonstrates room‐temperature magneto–electric–optical coupling in multiferroic films, which provides a framework for designing potential multi‐field‐driven magnetoelectric devices such as energy conservation memories.
Poly(arylene piperidine) Quaternary Ammonium Salts Promoting Stable Long‐Lived Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Wang Chang , Qu Lunjun , Chen Xiaohong , Zhou Qian , Yang Yan , Zheng Yan , Zheng Xian , Gao Liang , Hao Jinqiu , Zhu Lingyun , Pi Bingxue , Yang Chaolong
Published: June 2022

Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered considerable research attention owing to their excellent luminescence properties and potential application prospects in anti‐counterfeiting, information storage, and optoelectronics. However, several RTP systems are extremely sensitive to humidity, and consequently, the realization of long‐lived RTP in water remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a feasible and effective strategy is presented to achieve long‐lived polymeric RTP systems, even in an aqueous environment, through doping of synthesized polymeric phosphor PBHDB into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. Compared to the precursor polymer PBN and organic molecule HDBP, a more rigid polymer microenvironment and electrostatic interaction are formed between the PMMA matrix and polymer PBHDB, which effectively reduce the nonradiative decay rate of triplet excitons and dramatically increase the phosphorescence intensity. Specifically, the phosphorescence lifetime of the PBHDB@PMMA film (1258.62 ms) is much longer than those of PBN@PMMA (674.20 ms) and HDBP@PMMA (1.06 ms). Most importantly, a bright‐green afterglow can be observed after soaking the PBHDB@PMMA film in water for more than a month. The excellent water resistance and reversible response properties endow these systems with promising potential for dynamic information encryption even in water.
3D Printing of Robotic Soft Grippers: Toward Smart Actuation and Sensing
Authors: Goh Guo Dong , Goh Guo Liang , Lyu Zheng , Ariffin Mohammad Zaidi , Yeong Wai Yee , Lum Guo Zhan , Campolo Domenico , Han Boon Siew , Wong Hong Yee Alvin
Published: June 2022

Unlike traditional hard grippers, soft robotic grippers are commonly made of soft materials so that the soft grippers can produce motion via elastic deformations of their compliant components. The advantages of compliance allow soft grippers to effectively eliminate shocks caused by hard contact, which usually occurs when a hard robotic gripper manipulates a hard object. Until now, the soft robotic grippers are able to operate numerous objects with irregular geometries and different textures. Besides, with the help of embedded sensors, soft robotic grippers have facilitated the growing automation of many tasks, which are thought to be far too delicate for robotic manipulation. This paper reviews the advancement in soft robotic grippers. The paper first introduces the actuation technologies followed by the design and fabrication techniques. The use of 3D printing techniques in the fabrication of the soft gripper is also discussed. The Review then highlights the challenges and future outlook in the fabrication of soft grippers and sensors.
Ultrahigh Performance Self‐Supported Cl‐Cu2O@Cu Foam Electrode Fabricated by Sonochemical Surface Reconstruction Approach
Authors: Chang Yu , Shao Bo , Wang Jianyuan , Chen Fang , Zhai Wei
Published: June 2022

Unlike powdery transition metal oxide (TMO) coated electrodes, self‐supported TMO electrodes have attracted considerable interests for optimizing the electrocatalytic performances of electrodes due to sufficient exposure of active sites and improved TMO‐substrate interfaces. However, conventional manufacture methods for self‐supported electrodes are faced with inefficiency and high complexity. Herein, a facile sonochemical surface reconstruction approach is proposed to fabricate Cl‐doped Cu2O@Cu foam (Cl‐Cu2O@Cu) electrode with ultrahigh sensitivity for glucose sensing. The intensive collapse of cavitation bubbles near Cu foam under sonication within NH4Cl solution, for this reason, massive Cu complex ions and highly active Cu surfaces are simultaneously generated. Then the nanosized Cu2O particles with large active surfaces are in situ formed and tightly anchored on the Cu surface, which undergoes Cl doping in Cu2O, resulting in ascending electrical conductivity. The Cl‐Cu2O@Cu electrode shows excellent catalytic performance to glucose, presenting ultrahigh sensitivity of 28 mA cm−2 × 10−3 m and ultralow limit of detection of 0.35 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3). This work promotes a novel approach for the rational design of self‐supported electrochemical electrodes by sonochemistry.
Comprehensive Quantum Chemical Characterization of the Astrochemically Relevant HCnH Chain Family: An Attempt to Aid Astronomical Observations
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the results of a comprehensive theoretical investigation of neutral HCnH0 and charged HCnH± chains are reported using state‐of‐the‐art compound model chemistries (W1BD, G4, CBS‐QB3, CBS‐APNO, CBS‐4M) and single point methods (including “gold standard” CCSD(T)). The properties envisaged include electronic and chemical bonding structure data, enthalpies of formation, adiabatic and vertical ionization (IP), and electron attachment (EA) energies, gas phase acidities, C−H bond strengths, and chain “deprotecting” (HCnH → H + Cn + H) energies. The best theoretical estimates based on composite models reported here for the various properties investigated agree with the available experimental data and are better than all previous theoretical estimates. To exemplify, for the enthalpies of formation, the G4 composite model achieves a RSMD (root square mean deviation) of 0.28 kcal mol−1 and a MUD (maximum unsigned deviation) of 0.45 kcal mol−1. Most importantly from the astrochemical perspective, it is predicted that the stable HCnH− anions with are nonlinear. Having sufficiently large dipole moments, the anion HCnH− cis conformers are potential candidates for detection in space via rovibrational spectroscopy.
Electronic Structure, Optical, and Elastic Properties of AgGaS2 Crystal: Theoretical Study
Authors: Rudysh M. Ya. , Ftomyn N. Y. , Shchepanskyi P. A. , Myronchuk G. L. , Popov A. I. , Lemée N. , Stadnyk V. Y. , Brik M. G. , Piasecki M.
Published: June 2022

A comprehensive theoretical study of the structure, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of ternary semiconductor silver thiogallate crystal AgGaS2 is carried out based on the density functional theory and dipole electron shifting model (DES) for finding a structure–properties relationship. The deformation and displacement parameters, describing the deviation of the structural parameters of AgGaS2 from ideal chalcopyrite structure, are determined. It is noticed that the significant discrepancies concerning peculiarities of the band structure between initial results of the DFT‐based calculation and the experiment for the titled crystal have been efficiently eliminated by choosing the proper DFT + U approach. By utilizing the calculated dielectric function for two principal directions, the refractive indices and extinction coefficients dispersions are determined. For the first time, the linear electro‐optic properties, electrogyration coefficients, and second‐order nonlinear optical coefficients of AgGaS2 crystals are calculated in the frame of the DES model. The elastic properties of the AgGaS crystal are analyzed in the frame of the calculated full matrix of elastic coefficients. A number of parameters, such as Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio ν, bulk B, and shear G moduli are predicted for the crystal. The calculated anisotropy coefficients for the moduli show very good agreement with ones available from experiment.
Localizing Tungsten Single Atoms around Tungsten Nitride Nanoparticles for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Yu Yong , Wang Junhui , Lipton Jason , Tan Hui Ning , Zheng Lirong , Yang Tong , Liu Zhaolin , Loh Xian Jun , Pennycook Stephen J. , Shen Lei , Kou Zongkui , Taylor André D. , Wang John
Published: June 2022

Combining isolated atomic active sites with those in nanoparticles for synergizing complex multistep catalysis is being actively pursued in the design of new electrocatalyst systems. However, these novel systems have been rarely studied due to the challenges with synthesis and analysis. Herein, a synergistically catalytic performance is demonstrated with a 0.89 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) onset potential in the four‐step oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by localizing tungsten single atoms around tungsten nitride nanoparticles confined into nitrogen‐doped carbon (W SAs/WNNC). Through density functional theory calculations, it is shown that each of the active centers in the synergistic entity feature a specific potential‐determining step in their respective reaction pathway that can be merged to optimize the intermediate steps involving scaling relations on individual active centers. Impressively, the W SAs/WNNC as the air cathode in all‐solid‐state Zn‐air and Al‐air batteries demonstrate competitive durability and reversibility, despite the acknowledged low activity of W‐based catalyst toward the ORR.
Dimensionality‐Dependent Resistive Switching in 0D and 2D Cs3Sb2I9: Energy‐Efficient Synaptic Functions with the Layered‐Phase
Authors: Paramanik Subham , Pal Amlan J.
Published: June 2022

The authors introduce two polymorphs of Cs3Sb2I9 for resistive switching behavior under the application of an external bias. The devices based on the dimer phase contain self‐formed metallic bridges and thereby an initial low‐resistive state, which switches to a high‐resistive one upon application of a suitable voltage. The devices based on the layered phase, in contrast, are initially in a high‐state and thereby require a voltage to switch to a low‐resistive one. Since the layered‐phase of the perovskite is environmentally stable, a closed loop pulsed switching (CLPS) measurement protocol is employed to devices with the layered‐phase to further control the make‐and‐break of the conducting bridges. Interface‐modified devices (prohibiting a contact between the two electrodes due to ion migrations) have exhibited multiple functionalities of the human brains, such as excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents and spike voltage/duration/timing dependent plasticity, transition from a short term memory to a long term memory, and potentiation/depression behavior with extremely low energy consumption per synaptic event. The device characteristics have also followed the Ebbinghaus curve of forgetting and the Atkinson–Shiffrin model of memory applicable in the human brains. This study hence concludes that the layered‐phase of Cs3Sb2I9 exhibits energy‐efficient artificial synaptic functions for next‐generation memory applications.
Field Effect Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells by a LiF Interlayer
Authors: Menzel Dorothee , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Tejada Alvaro , Levine Igal , Guerra Jorge Andrés , Rech Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Korte Lars
Published: June 2022

The fullerene C60 is commonly applied as the electron transport layer in high‐efficiency metal halide perovskite solar cells and has been found to limit their open circuit voltage. Through ultra‐sensitive near‐UV photoelectron spectroscopy in constant final state mode (CFSYS), with an unusually high probing depth of 5–10 nm, the perovskite/C60 interface energetics and defect formation is investigated. It is demonstrated how to consistently determine the energy level alignment by CFSYS and avoid misinterpretations by accounting for the measurement‐induced surface photovoltage in photoactive layer stacks. The energetic offset between the perovskite valence band maximum and the C60 HOMO‐edge is directly determined to be 0.55 eV. Furthermore, the voltage enhancement upon the incorporation of a LiF interlayer at the interface can be attributed to originate from a mild dipole effect and probably the presence of fixed charges, both reducing the hole concentration in the vicinity of the perovskite/C60 interface. This yields a field effect passivation, which overcompensates the observed enhanced defect density in the first monolayers of C60.
Predictive control of particlesize distribution of crystallization process using deep learning based image analysis
Authors: Wang Liangyong , Zhu Yaolong , Gan Chenyang
Published: June 2022

The challenges to regulate the particle‐size distribution (PSD) stem from on‐line measurement of the full distribution and the distributed nature of crystallization process. In this article, a novel nonlinear model predictive control method of PSD for crystallization process is proposed. Radial basis function neural network is adopted to approximate the PSD such that the population balance model with distributed nature can be transformed into the ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. Data driven nonlinear prediction model of the crystallization process is then constructed from the input and output data and further be used in the proposed nonlinear model predictive control algorithm. A deep learning based image analysis technology is developed for online measurement of the PSD. The proposed PSD control method is experimentally implemented on a jacketed batch crystallizer. The results of crystallization experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Predictors of hematologic response and survival with stem cell transplantation in AL amyloidosis: A 25‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Gustine Joshua N. , Staron Andrew , Szalat Raphael E. , Mendelson Lisa M. , Joshi Tracy , Ruberg Frederick L. , Siddiqi Omar , Gopal Deepa M. , Edwards Camille V. , Havasi Andrea , Kaku Michelle , Lau K. H. Vincent , Berk John L. , Sloan J. Mark , Sanchorawala Vaishali
Published: June 2022

High‐dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) is an effective treatment for selected patients with AL amyloidosis. We report the long‐term outcomes of 648 patients with AL amyloidosis treated with HDM/SCT over 25 years. Hematologic CR was achieved by 39% of patients. The median duration of hematologic CR was 12.3 years, and 45% of patients with a hematologic CR had no evidence of a recurrent plasma cell dyscrasia at 15 years after HDM/SCT. With a median follow‐up interval of 8 years, the median event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.3 and 7.6 years, respectively. Patients with a hematologic CR had a median OS of 15 years, and 30% of these patients survived >20 years. On multivariable analysis, dFLC >180 mg/L and BM plasma cells >10% were independently associated with shorter EFS, whereas BNP >81 pg/mL, troponin I > 0.1 ng/mL, and serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL were independently associated with shorter OS. We developed a prognostic score for EFS, which incorporated dFLC >180 mg/L and BMPC% >10% as adverse risk factors. Patients with low‐risk (0 factors), intermediate‐risk (1 factor), and high‐risk (2 factors) disease had median EFS estimates of 5.3, 2.8, and 1.0 years, respectively (p < .001). The 100‐day treatment‐related mortality rate was 3% in the latest treatment period (2012–2021), and the 25‐year risk of t‐MDS/AML was 3%. We conclude that HDM/SCT induces durable hematologic responses and prolonged survival with improved safety in selected patients with AL amyloidosis.
Indications for absorbable steroid‐eluting sinus implants: Viewpoint via the Delphi method
Authors: Lee Victoria S. , Patel Prayag , O'Brien Daniel , Scangas George A. , Campbell Raewyn G. , Chandra Rakesh , Davis Greg E. , Han Joseph K , Le Christopher H. , Lee Jivianne , Luong Amber U. , Poetker David M. , Ramadan Hassan , Setzen Michael , Smith Kristine , Wise Sarah , Villwock Jennifer , Ference Elisabeth
Published: June 2022

Absorbable steroid‐eluting sinus implants provide targeted corticosteroid release over a sustained period and are designed to prevent both undesirable adhesion formation and sinus ostia restenosis. Here, we highlight the key evidence of these implants to date and query a group of experts via a Delphi process on the indications and optimal timing for intraoperative or in‐office placement of these implants. Six of a total of 12 statements reached consensus and were accepted. Overall, experts largely agree that intraoperative or in‐office use of steroid‐eluting stents could be considered for patients: (1) who are diabetic or intolerant of oral steroids, (2) undergoing extended frontal sinus surgery, and (3) with recurrent stenosis. Given the lack of expert consensus on other key statements, clinicians should carefully consider these treatment options on a case‐by‐case basis after shared decision‐making.
Surface Activation and Ni‐S Stabilization in NiO/NiS2for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Nan , Hu Yang , An Li , Li Qingyu , Yin Jie , Li Jianyi , Yang Rui , Lu Min , Zhang Sen , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: June 2022

Manipulating the active species and improving the structural stabilization of sulfur‐containing catalysts during the OER process remain a tremendous challenge. Herein, we constructed NiO/NiS2and Fe−NiO/NiS2as catalyst models to study the effect of Fe doping. As expected, Fe−NiO/NiS2exhibits a low overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The accumulation of hydroxyl groups on the surface of materials after Fe doping can promote the formation of highly active NiOOH at a lower OER potential. Moreover, we investigated the level of corrosion of M−S bonds and compared the stability variation of M−S bonds with Fe at different locations. Interestingly, Fe bonded with S in the bulk as the sacrificial agent can alleviate the oxidation corrosion of partial Ni−S bonds and thus endow Fe−NiO/NiS2long‐term durability. This work could motivate the community to focus more on resolving the corrosion of sulfur‐containing materials.
A Copper Cage‐Complex as Mimic of the pMMO CuC Site
Authors: Bete Sarah C. , May Leander K. , Woite Philipp , Roemelt Michael , Otte Matthias
Published: June 2022

The active site of particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and its mechanism of action are not known. Recently, the CuC site emerged as a potential active site, but to date it lacks any study on biomimetic resemblance of the coordination environment provided by the enzyme. Here, the synthesis of a cage ligand providing such an environment is reported. Copper is incorporated, and coordination occurs by the two imidazole and one carboxylate group offered by the ligand. Depending on the oxidation state, it can adopt different coordination modes, as evidenced by the solid‐state structures and computational investigation. The copper(I) state readily reacts with dioxygen and thereby undergoes CH activation. Moreover, the catalytic aerobic oxidation of hydroquinones as ubiquinol mimics is shown. Clean one‐electron oxidation occurs under mild conditions and EPR analysis of the copper(II) state in the presence of water reveals striking similarities to the data obtained from pMMO.
Crucial Roles of a Pendant Imidazole Ligand of a Cobalt Porphyrin Complex in the Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen
Authors: Yang Jindou , Li Ping , Li Xialiang , Xie Lisi , Wang Ni , Lei Haitao , Zhang Chaochao , Zhang Wei , Lee Yong‐Min , Zhang Weiqiang , Cao Rui , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Nam Wonwoo
Published: June 2022

A cobalt porphyrin complex with a pendant imidazole base ([(L1)CoII]) is an efficient catalyst for the homogeneous catalytic two‐electron reduction of dioxygen by 1,1′‐dimethylferrocene (Me2Fc) in the presence of triflic acid (HOTf), as compared with a cobalt porphyrin complex without a pendant imidazole base ([(L2)CoII]). The pendant imidazole ligand plays a crucial role not only to provide an imidazolinium proton for proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) from [(L1)CoII] to O2 in the presence of HOTf but also to facilitate electron transfer (ET) from [(L1)CoII] to O2 in the absence of HOTf. The kinetics analysis and the detection of intermediates in the stoichiometric and catalytic reduction of O2 have provided clues to clarify the crucial roles of the pendant imidazole ligand of [(L1)CoII] for the first time.