bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of COVID-19 and job loss on peace and security in Nigeria
Authors: Edime Yunusa  , Julius Olugbenga Owoyemi  , Ogbaje Jenekwu Usman
Published: August 2022

Job insecurity and abrupt massive retrenchment of employees in virtually all sectors of the Nigerian economy in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic have plunged the nation into a breeding ground for youth crisis and overall insecurity of lives and properties. As these menaces threaten the land's peace and security, causing the Nigerian economy's fortunes to dwindle, it calls for concern among peace and conflict management experts to find long-term solutions to these threats. Hence, this paper is aimed at examining the effects of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on job losses as it affects the peace and security of Nigeria. A secondary method of data collection was used, in which reports, journals, and internet-based articles were reviewed and their content analysed. The paper reviewed both the natural origin theory and the conspiracy theory of the coronavirus. Based on the literature reviewed, the paper revealed that the flare of the novel coronavirus in Nigeria has posed a serious threat to overall peace and security in the wake of lockdowns and closure of businesses, which by implication has forced numerous employees of about 42 per cent to lose their jobs in various sectors of the Nigerian economy, and nearly 40 million Nigerians were projected to lose their jobs by the end of the year 2020–2021, arising from the fall in demand for and supply of goods and services due to lockdowns, restriction of movement, and social distancing measures, among others, put in place to curb the spread of COVID-19. The paper also revealed that there was a ban on social and religious gatherings, social distancing, wearing of nose masks, lockdown and imposition of curfews, travel bans, stay at home policy, among others, as measures to stop or reduce the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. To cushion the effects of the coronavirus on the economy of Nigeria, the government provided both monetary and fiscal palliative measures for the most vulnerable, though the stimulus packages were commendable but ineffective for lack of appropriate parameters for their implementation. Arising from the above, it was recommended that for peace to reign, employees should avoid putting all their eggs in one basket, and for unforeseen contingencies such as this novel pandemic, employees should have an extra source of income by going into side businesses like blogging, rentals, online advertising, and investment in stocks with high returns.
Tanggung Jawab Produsen di Bidang Pangan Terhadap Konsumen
Authors: Dezonda R Pattipawae
Published: August 2022

Practically consumer protection is one of the legal developments which are part of national development. The key point of the issue of consumer protection is that consumers and producers (product distributor or employers) need each other. Production is meaningless if nobody mengkonsumsikannya and products are consumed safely and satisfactorily, in turn, is free promotion for employers. rule of law is very important in order to protect consumers. In sustaining the economy of consumers occupy an important position, but ironically as one of the economic actors are very weak position of the consumer in terms of legal protection. In Indonesia, consumers who had been in a weak position impression of only being an object businesses promotion tips, as well as the sale of a very expansive way. Weak consumer's position caused partly still low awareness and consumer education in Indonesia.
Implikasi Yuridis Perubahan Nama Laut Natuna Utara terhadap Zona Ekomoni Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) Ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional
Authors: Rizky Hidayatullah  , Chomariyah  , Dita Birahayu
Published: August 2022

Indonesia changes the name of the sea in its Exclusive Economic Zone, which initially changed the name of the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea. The change in the name of the North Natuna Sea in Indonesia was protested by the Chinese government, given the abundant natural resources that made other countries especially China want to seize this region. Not only that, the North Natuna Sea is also one of the legal conflicts. The Indonesian government must increase awareness in terms of security and national defense in protecting sovereignty, especially in the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative juridical method and uses a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach in this case literature study of library materials so that it can be called library legal research. The impact of the change in the name of the North Natuna Sea internally, the change in the map of Indonesia in the North Natuna Sea because this change can be implemented without external parties. External impact, Indonesia received recognition from other countries that the name of the Indonesian sea has changed its name. And efforts made by Indonesia to secure the stability of the North Natuna Sea.
Mendorong Penerapan Pendidikan Antikorupsi di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Tri Anggoro Mukti
Published: August 2022

This study tries to analyse the effort to combat corruption through anti-corruption lecture program in university. Using a descriptive analytical technique this study attemps to put the lecture as a medium for four principle of education: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live and learning to be. Such education need to be integrate within the anti-corruption values to put corruption as common enemy fo all. The output of this class is hopefully to form a person who say no to corruption proudly and spread the positive attitude of anti-corruption behaviour.
Silicone plastination of spinal cord of cat: as an alternative specimen for neuroanatomy education
Authors: EKİM Okan , YUNUS Hasen Awel , BAKICI Caner , BATUR Barış
Published: August 2022

Plastination is a technique that aims to preserve biological materials for education, training, and research. Plastinated models increase knowledge and skill, make students easily understand the complex anatomical parts of the central nervous system, meanwhile can reduce the use of animals in research and education. The study aimed to produce a silicone plastinated model of the spinal cord of a cat for practical teaching of neuroanatomy. The spinal cord of a stray cat that died of natural causes was plastinated using silicone plastination method. The cervical spinal nerves (1-8) and brachial plexus were demonstrated. The thoracic region of the spinal cord was also well preserved, but the demonstration of thoracic spinal nerves became very difficult because of too much thinness of the nerves. The lumbosacral plexus was preserved well. In this region cranial iliohypogastric nerve, caudal iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, femoral nerve, gluteal nerve, ischiadic nerve, obturator nerve, pudendal nerve and cauda equina were visible. The spinal cord of cats prepared by silicone plastination methods can be used as an alternative sample to formalin preserved specimens.
Effects of waiting time between trials and water temperature on cognitive functions, body temperature and body weight in rats in Morris water maze
Authors: ORAN Duygu Sultan , YILDIZ Zeynep , TEMİZYÜREK Arzu , SELCAN Ayşin
Published: August 2022

The Morris water maze (MWM) is a widely used test among neurobiologists to measure spatial memory. The implementation of this test carries the risk of hypothermia periods in animals. The level of hypothermia may affect age-related memory processes as a significant factor. The occurrence of hypothermia throughout the MWM protocol should be better understood as hypothermia may impair memory performance. Ensuring the standardization of the experiments and minimizing side effects require a detailed examination of the hypothermia-related processes. Our study aims to replicate and extend the data of previous studies in terms of determining the possible species-specific variations and provide data for reorganizing the time intervals. In this study, rats (Wistar Hannover) were used and grouped according to the differences in the inter-trial interval (ITI) (30-s and 13-min) and water temperatures (20 °C and 24 °C). The effects of ITI and water temperature on probe performance were analysed statistically (mixed two-way ANOVA). Results showed that the 13 minute waiting group of animals performed statistically better in the MWM probe phase compared to the 30 second waiting group. The prolongation of ITI between the tests was found to have a positive impact on the memory performance. Longer ITI should be preferred instead of the frequently used 30-60 second test intervals. Thus, animals will be exposed to less stress and more reliable results can be obtained, also possible side effects of hypothermia can be minimized while performing the MWM test.
Determinan Pengungkapan Laporan Berkelanjutan Berdasarkan Global Reporting Initiative
Authors: Shofiyah Indah
Published: August 2022

Perusahaan dituntut untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalamÂ  mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan, namun tingkat pelaporan berkelanjutan di Indonesia masih sangat rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengujiÂ  faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pengungkapan laporan berkelanjutan, beberapa variable independen yang dipilih adalah laverage, likuiditas, profitabilitas, umur perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan dan auditor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan berkelanjutan perusahaan manufaktur dan tambang yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2017-2019, data yang berhasil olah sebanyak 75 data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laverage, likuiditas, dan umur perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pegungkapan berkelanjutan, sementara profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan audit berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan laporan berkelanjutan.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Perubahan Laba Pada Perusahaan Industri Kosmetik
Authors: DEWI GARIL RAHMASARI , Muslimin Muslimin
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh dari net profit margin, debt to asset ratio, total assets turnover, dan current ratio pada variabel dari perubahan laba untuk beberapa perusahaan industri kosmetik yang terdaftarkan pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis data yang dilaksanakan ialah dengan mempergunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari berlangsungnya penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa variabel current ratio memiliki nilai signifikan 0,001<0,05 maka current ratio berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba, total assets turnover memiliki nilai signifikan 0,021<0,05 maka total assets turnover berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba, dan net profit margin memiliki nilai signifikan 0,000<0,05 maka net profit margin berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba. SedangkanÂ  debt to asset ratio memiliki nilai signifikan 0,104>0,05 maka debt to asset ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba.
Analisis Tingkat Inflasi di Kota Bima
Authors: Rizki Mutiara Tiara
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: untuk mengtahui seberapa besar inflasi di KOTA BIMAPenelitian ini termasuk penelitian jenis penelitian Deskriptif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah selama 22 tahun dengan sampel penelitian selama 8 tahun dari tahun 2013 â€“ 2020.Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara,dan observasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Pengujian Hipotesis , Uji t-One Sample Test .Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Tabel One-Sample Statistics diatas menunjukkan nilai statistik deskriptif yaitu N=8 artinya jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 8 tahun. Mean=127,5700 artinya nilai rata-rata hitung adalah 127,5700. Std. Deviation atau simpangan baku adalah sebesar 15,92841 dan Std. Error Mean adalah sebesar 5,63154.Berdasarkan tabel One-Sample Test diatas dapat diketahui bahwa nilai t (t hitung) adalah sebesar 20,877. Untuk mencari t tabel (uji dua sisi;df)= 20,877;7. Maka nilai t tabel sebesar 1,895. Berdasarkan hasil dari nilai t hitung 20,877, dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai inflasi tidak sama dengan 10, berarti tingkat inflasi dikota bima berada pada nilai 20,877% atau berada pada tingkat inflasi sedang.Â
STUDI KOMPARATIF PENDAPATAN PETANI NANAS SISTEM MITRA TANI DAN SISTEM KERJA SAMA USAHA (KSU) di LAHAN PT.PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA XII KEBUN NGRANGKAH PAWON KEDIRI (Studi kasus di Desa Sepawon, Kecamatan Plosoklaten Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: ANDAJANI WIWIEK
Published: August 2022

RINGKASANKerja sama pertanian nanas di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Kebun Ngrangkah Pawon Kediri adalah suatu kerjasama antara dua belah pihak  pihak perkebunan sebagai pihak pemilik lahan yang menyiapkan lahan pertanian untuk disewakan ke petani sebagai pihak penyewa lahan perkebunan sekaligus sebagai penggarap untuk ditanami komoditi yang  ditentukan aturannya oleh pihak perusahaan, yaitu komoditi hortikultura tanaman nanas dengan konsep kerja sama, Sistem Mitra Tani dan Sistem Kerja Sama Usaha (KSUdengan harapan pendapatan perusahan maupun petani mengalami peningkatan. Penentuan daerah penelitian secara purposive di Desa Sepawon Kecamatan Plosoklaten Kabupaten Kediri. Dipilihnya daerah ini karena desa tersebut terdapat perusahaan negara (BUMN) Badan Usaha Milik Negara. yaitu PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Kebun Ngrangkah Pawon Kediri dengan petani disekitar wilayah Desa Sepawon dengan sistem Mitra Tani dan sistem Kerja Sama Usaha (KSU). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui biaya produksi, hasil produksi  dan pendapatan bersih petani nanas rata – rata per hektarnya, Dari hasil analisadiketahui total biaya proses produksi nanas, sistem mitra tani adalah Rp. 66.291.050,- lebih besar dari biaya total produksi nanas dengan sistem kerja sama usaha (KSU) yaitu Rp. 57.474.333,33,-. Sedang produksi nanas rata rata per hektar untuk sistem mitra tani adalah 94.917 nanas dan sistem kerja sama usaha (KSU) 80.000 nanas. Sehinggakeuntungan rata – rata per hektarnya untuk sistem mitra tani adalah sebesar Rp. 43.973.533,33,- lebih rendah dari pada keuntungan yang diperoleh petani nanas sistem kerja sama usaha (KSU) adalah sebesar Rp. 62.012.142,86,-Kata Kunci: studi komparatif, pendapatan, sistem mitra tani, sistem kerjasama usaha.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PETANI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascolonicum, L) TERHADAP KINERJA PELAYANAN PPL DAN PENANGANAN PUPUK BERSUBSIDI
Authors: ANDAJANI WIWIEK
Published: August 2022

RINGKASAN Upaya pembangunan pertanian dari kota sampai desa telah dibentuk kelembagaan penyuluh dari Pemerintah Pusat, Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota sampai di tingkat Kecamatan. Hal ini menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian, tentang kinerja pelayanan PPL dan penanganan pupuk bersubsidi terhadap petani bawang merah yang ada di Kabupaten Nganjuk, dengan tujuan :(1) untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan PPL dan penanganan pupuk bersubsidi terhadap tingkat kepuasan petani bawang merah, dan (2)Untuk mengetahui kepuasan petani bawang merah terhadap kinerja pelayanan PPL dan penanganan penggunaan pupuk bersubsidi.Metode penelitian  penentuan lokasi secara sengaja di Desa Nglinggo Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Nganjuk karena mayoritas petani bawang merah, pengambilan sampel secara acak berlapis.Metode analisa data menggunakan : uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, IPA dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil yang di dapat petani bawang merah di desa Nglinggo Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Nganjuk puas terhadap kualitas pelayanan PPL, puas dalam penanganan pupuk bersubsidi dan puas atas kinerja pelayanan PPL serta puas dalam penggunaan pupuk bersubsidi.Kata kunci: analisis kepuasan, bawang merah, PPL, Pupuk Subsidi
ANALISIS PERANAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PEDESAAN (PUAP) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI (Studi Kasus Desa Mekikis Kecamatan Purwoasri Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: Yuliarsha Sidhi Eko , Samurti Samurti
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah untuk mengetahui  peranan program PUAP dalam meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi dengan  cara membandingkan hasil produksi dan pendapatan sebelum dan sesudah  menerima   bantuan modal. Metode dasar penelitian adalah metode survey. Daerah penelitian ditentukan secara purposive. Metode sampling adalah stratified random sampling, Metode analisis  menggunakan  Cas Flow Analisis, Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Musim Tanam 2017/2018.Dari Hasil dari penilitian   dapat diketahui bahwa petani yang  mendapatkan bantuan modal melalui program PUAP, produksi dan pendapatannya  meningkat  secara signifikanl, dan selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan   bahwa program PUAP berperanan dalam meningkatkan peroduksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi.Kata kunci: PUAP, Petani.
Seed treatment pada benih jagung manis dalam menekan penyakit bulai (downy mildew) untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi di masa pandemi
Authors: Supandji Supandji , Muharram Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Kehadiran pandemi COVID-19, membuat sistem disektor pangan dari proses produksi, distribusi hingga konsumsi (hulu hingga hilir) telah mengalami banyak perubahan besar. Salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yakni jagung perlu perhatian khusus pada saat pandemi ini.Karena tidak boleh terjadi kegagalan panen, agar kebutuhan pangan pada saat pandemi tetap terpenuhi. Banyak penyebab terjadinya kegagalan panen jagung, yang terutama disebabkan oleh serangan bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis). Pencegahan serangan bulai dapat dilakuan dengan cara seed treatment dengan fungisida. Pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, tim pelaksana melakukan diskusi dengan tujuan untuk: 1) menjelaskan perihal tentang maksud dan tujuan rencana pengabdian kepada masyarakat; 2) mendata masalah-masalah yang dihadapi masyarakat; 3) melakukan diskusi tentang pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit bulai jagung melalui metode pengolahan benih dengan menggunakan fungisida; 4) menentukan jadwal dan lokasi pelaksanaan rencana pengabdian masyarakat. Pengamatan dilapang dilaksanakan ketika tanaman berumur 13 HST, hasil menunjukkan bahwa serangan penyakit bulai pada jagung terjadi mulai 24 hari setelah tanam. Perlakuan seed treatment pada benih jagung menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik jika di bandingkan kontrol.
Penguatan Informasi tentang Pengelolaan KRPL di Kelurahan Krapyakrejo, Pasuruan
Authors: Zulfarosda Ratna
Published: August 2022

Kelompok KRPL di Kota Pasuruan biasa ditemui di lokasi pekarangan warga atau di lingkungan kantor kelurahan, salah satunya terdapat di Kelurahan Krapyakrejo. Anggota KRPL telah membudidayakan berbagai jenis tanaman sayuran dan toga. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk memberikan wawasan pengelolaan KRPL dan berbagi pengalaman praktek terkait budidaya tanaman. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan meninjau kondisi mitra KRPL, pemaparan materi dan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi. Tanaman yang dibudidayakan antara lain: cabe rawit, cabe merah, brokoli, tomat, terong, sawi, kangkung, jahe, lengkuas, dan sere. Selain wawasan tentang budidaya tanaman, anggota KRPL diberikan informasi terkait dana bantuan pemerintah yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan KRPL. Diskusi yang dilakukan antara lain kendala serangan hama penyakit, efek naungan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, pemilihan varietas yang cocok dibudidayakan di dataran rendah, penggunaan pestisida organik, serta pembuatan kompos.
Pengolahan Limbah Dapur Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) untuk Aplikasi Pertanian Lahan Pekarangan di Kecamatan Pace dan Ngronggot Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Lisanty Nina , Hadiyanti Nugraheni , Prayitno Risma Ari , Huda Rachmad Chairul
Published: August 2022

Materials for producing organic fertilizers are abundant around the house, cheap, and easy to reach. Various kitchen and household organic wastes can be processed into fertilizer, including vegetable waste, skin and fruit residue, food waste, and agricultural and livestock waste. Although farmers can make their organic fertilizers from various natural ingredients, expert assistance is needed for fertilizer production with more consistent results. Provision of knowledge about the essential elements of plant needs that a variety of natural ingredients can represent can increase the ability to produce quality organic fertilizers. The community service team at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, took the initiative to introduce the management of kitchen waste into organic fertilizer, its functions, its advantages, its production, and its application on land or planting media to partner communities: farmers and their families in Nganjuk Regency. The partner community welcomed it well. Not only did they directly benefit from this training, but also this community service project contributed to the closer partnership between community members and between communities and higher education institutions for sustainable development.Bahan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik tersedia melimpah di sekitar rumah, murah, dan mudah dijangkau. Beragam limbah organik dapur dan rumah tangga dapat diolah menjadi pupuk termasuk sisa sayuran, kulit dan sisa buah, limbah makanan, dan limbah pertanian serta peternakan. Meski petani dapat membuat sendiri pupuk organik dari beragam bahan alami, pendampingan ahli diperlukan untuk produksi pupuk yang hasilnya lebih konsisten. Pembekalan pengetahuan tentang elemen penting kebutuhan tanaman yang dapat diwakili oleh beragam bahan alami tadi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan produksi pupuk organik berkualitas. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri berinisiasi untuk melakukan introduksi pengelolaan sampah dapur menjadi pupuk organik, fungsinya, keuntungan penggunaannya, cara pembuatan, dan aplikasinya di lahan atau media tanam kepada masyarakat mitra, petani dan keluarga tani di Kabupaten Nganjuk. Masyarakat mitra menyambutnya dengan baik, tidak hanya mereka memperoleh manfaat langsung dari pelatihan ini, namun juga proyek pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berkontribusi terhadap semakin eratnya kemitraan antar warga masyarakat dan antara warga dan institusi pendidikan tinggi untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Pelatihan Budidaya Tanaman Sayur menggunakan Pupuk Organik Cair dalam Pemanfaatan Pekarangan RW 03 Kel. Sukorame Kec. Mojoroto Kota Kediri
Authors: Saptorini Saptorini , Soetiknjo Tutut Dwi , Kholik Dian Abdul , Muarif Syamsul
Published: August 2022

The yard is a suitable agro-ecosystem and potential to meet the needs of people's lives. In addition, there are efforts to utilize kitchen waste as a step in reducing waste accumulation. Then there is a breakthrough in training in planting in the yard that utilizes organic waste. The method used is community development, based on the community as the leading actor in planning and sustainably implementing program activities. The study results were; first, the training went well by providing training for fifteen homemakers applied to plant in their respective yards according to the direction of the community service implementing team. This training has an economic impact by reducing household expenses in the third month after harvest and can even be given to other neighbors. Another benefit is the community's ability to sort waste and use it as liquid organic fertilizer.Pekarangan adalah agroekosistem yang sangat baik serta berpotensi cukup besar dalam hal memenuhi kebutuhan hidup masyarakat. Selain itu terdapat upaya pemanfaatan sampah dapur sebagai langkah dalam mengurangi penumpukan sampah. Maka terdapat terobosan pelatihan dalam penanaman di lahan pekarangan yang memanfaatkan sampah organik. Metode yang diterapkan yaitu Community Development, yang berbasis masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama merencanakan, melaksanakan program kegiatan, secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian adalah pertama, Pelatihan Berjalan dengan baik dengan memberikan pelatihan 15 Orang ibu-ibu PKK dan semuanya mengaplikasikan penanaman di pekarangan rumahnya masing-masing sesuai dengan arahan tim pelaksana pengabdian masyarakat. Pelatihan ini memberikan dampak ekonomi dengan memberikan manfaat mengurangi pengeluaran biaya rumah tangga pada bulan 3 setelah panen dan bahkan mampu di berikan kepada tetangga yang lain. Manfaat lainnya adalah kemampuan masyarakat dalam memilah sampah dan memanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik cair
Pemberdayaan Warga RT 20 RW 6 Desa Mojoroto dalam Menangani Sampah Dapur Untuk Menghasilkan POC dengan Memanfaatkan Lalat Hitam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Rahardjo Djoko , Turohmah Nur Ulfa , Yuliviana Kana
Published: August 2022

Organic waste that is utilized by utilizing the black soldier flies can produce liquid organic fertilizer that is useful for plants. This activity was carried out to empower the community of RT 20 RW 6, Mojoroto Village, Kediri City, to reduce the amount of household waste, especially kitchen waste, which is then used as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). In this activity, several methods were applied, namely 1. Training and demonstration of tool design making, 2. Socialization and also community accompaniment when carrying out activity procedures. From this activity, the output obtained was an increase in citizens' awareness and participation regarding activities to manage organic waste (especially kitchen waste) then be used as organic fertilizer that has economic value to help run the household economy personally and during a pandemic.Dari pemanfaatan sampah Organik dengan black soldier dihasilkan Pupuk Organik Cair yang memiliki banyak kegunaan bagi tanaman. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan dan sasaran untuk memberdayakan masyarakat RT 20 RW 6 Kelurahan Mojoroto Kota Kediri dalam hal penurunan jumlah sampah rumah tangga terutama sampah dapur yang kemudian dijadikan pupuk organik cair (POC). Pada kegiatan ini diterapkan beberapa metode, yaitu 1. Pelatihan dan demo pembuatan design alat, 2. Sosialisasi dan juga pengiring masyarakat pada saat melaksanakan prosedur kegiatan. Dari kegiatan ini luaran yang diperoleh yaitu adanya peningkatan kesadaran juga partisipasi wargamengenai kegiatan mengelola sampah organik (terutama sampah dapur) kemudian dijadikan pupuk organik yang memiliki nilai ekonomi agar dapat membantu jalannya ekonomi rumah tangga secara pribadi maupun di saat kondisi tengah pandemi.
Produksi pestisida nabati dari serai, cengkeh, dan lada di Desa Sanggrahan, Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Probojati Rasyadan Taufiq , Lisanty Nina , Ghazali Achmad Masykur
Published: August 2022

Lemon grass and cloves contain essential oils that are against pest. Thus, they have the potential to be used as main ingredients in the manufacture of botanical pesticides. The teamwork program of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University formulated both ingredients to produce biopesticide suitable for common pests on shallot plant. It was hoped that the information and knowledge can be spread to the community, particularly shallot farmers, to be able to process natural ingredients for botanical pesticides. The farmers are always constrained by armyworm attacks on their plants. Community service was carried out to educate and socialize the production of the biopesticide at residents' homes in Sanggrahan Village, Gondang District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java Province. The main target of this program was the shallot farming community in the area. Several implementation stages included lectures, training on making pesticides, producing biopesticides, making leaflets, evaluating, and assisting the results of application of biopesticides. The community service activity was carried out smoothly and the community was enthusiast to take part in the activitySerai dan cengkeh memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat beracun, sehinga berpotensi sebagai bioaktivitas terhadap serangan hama. Disisi lain, serai dan cengkeh memiliki potensi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan alam dalam pembuatan pestisida nabati. Melalui program kerja tim pengabdian fakultas pertanian Universitas Kadiri, diharapkan masyarakat mampu mengolah bahan alami untuk pestisida nabati. Program ini diharapkan dapat membantu mengatasi para petani bawang merah yang setiap musim tanam selalu terkendala dengan serangan hama ulat grayak. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di rumah warga di Desa Sanggrahan, Kecamatan Gondang, Kabupaten Nganjuk, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sementara itu, sasaran pengabdian ini adalah masyarakat petani bawang merah di Desa Sanggrahan. Beberapa tahapan pelaksanaan diataranya adalah ceramah, pelatihan pembuatan pestisida, memproduksi pestisida nabati, membuat leaflet, dan pendampingan dalam implementasi hasil pembuatan pestisida nabati. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan lancar dan respon masyarakat sangat antusias untuk mengikuti kegiatan ini.
Uji Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Daun terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Terbakar
Authors: Dwi Febrianto Anang , Budi Setyo , Lailiyah Wiharyanti Nur
Published: August 2022

Sugar production has decreased due to the fertilization method. One solution is to apply the proper dose of fertilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of various doses of foliar fertilizer on the growth and yield of the JR 01 variety at the age of 7 months burned in Gresik Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design with one factor, namely P0 (control), P1 (cow urine fertilizer 20 ml/liter), P2 (cow urine fertilizer 40 ml/liter), P3 (cow urine fertilizer 60 ml/liter), P4 (Petrovita fertilizer 3 ml/liter), P5 (Petrovita fertilizer 6 ml/liter), and P6 (Petrovita fertilizer 9 ml/liter). Each was repeated four times so that there were 28 experimental units with observation variables, including growth variables (increase in stem height, stem diameter, number of stems, number of segments, number of tillers) and yield variables (Brix, yield, weight per cane stalk (g plant-1) and weight per cane stalk (t ha-1). Observational data were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there was a significant difference, proceed with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) 5% and correlation test. In the growth variable, the highest significant differences were between ages 44, 46, and 48 weeks after planting (WAP) and the use of cow urine fertilizer on the variable number of tillers. While in the yield variable, there was the highest significant difference at the age of 44 WAP using petrovita fertilizer on the Brix and yield variables. There was a significant correlation with a very strong and unidirectional relationship between the growth and yield variables. Effective treatment in increasing growth in the number of tillers, namely P2 (cow urine fertilizer 40 ml/liter), effective therapy in increasing Brix yield, and the yield is P5 (Petrovita fertilizer 6 ml/liter).
Perbandingan Penghasilan Antara Petani Tembakau Rajang Serta Padi Sebagai Tanaman Rotasi di Dusun Krajan Desa Gesikan Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Devi Asbitatul Kusna , Andajani Wiwiek , Artini Widi
Published: August 2022

Along with household needs, farmers are required to have additional income. One way to overcome the income constraints is through a crop rotation system. Chopped tobacco and rice are crops that can be rotated. These two crops have been planted by farmers in the Krajan Hamlet, Gesikan Village, TuIungagung Regency. This study aimed to determine the costs and revenues of crop rotation farming of chopped tobacco and rice in the location. The sampling method used in this research was the census. Based on the survey results and these criteria, the total number of farmers was 25 people. Meanwhile, the types of data used in this research were primary and secondary data. The analytical methods used included cost, revenue, and income analysis. Comparative analysis of income using t-test. The results of the research showed that the total average production cost of tobacco farming was IDR48,840,304/ha, which was greater than the production cost of rice farming, which was IDR25,334,347, while the average total revenue for tobacco farming was IDR 80,550,000/ha. Meanwhile, the income of rice farming was IDR33.237.000/ha and the average income from tobacco farming was IDR31.709.696/ha. The result of hypothesis testing shows that the t-count value was 1.697260887, which was less than t-table 15.95651376. Therefore, the income from tobacco farming was higher than the income from rice farming statistically.
Analisis Kesalahan Peserta Didik dalam Penyelesaian Soal Cerita Teorema Pythagoras berdasarkan Teori Newman
Authors: Velria Jun  , Sri Hariyani  , Tatik Retno Murniasih
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik di SMP Negeri 17 Malang dalam meyelesaikan soal cerita matematika dengan pokok bahasan yaitu teorema Phythagoras yang kemudian dianalisis kesalahan dalam pengerjaan soal menggunakan dasar teori Newman. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis riset deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Jumlah peserta didik yang menjadi subjek penelitian berjumlah 22 peserta didik. Penggunaan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes tertulis dan pedoman wawancara yang telah divalidasi oleh dua validator yaitu dosen matematika Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang dan guru matematika SMP Negeri 17 Malang. Rata-rata skor akhir hasil validasi soal tes tertulis adalah 3,75 dan 3,83 dan berada pada kategori baik, yang berarti instrumen penelitian yang telah disusun peneliti valid dan layak digunakan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa jenis kesalahan yang ditunjukkan oleh peserta didik berkemampuan tinggi yaitu kesalahan transformasi dan kesalahan keterampilan proses. Jenis kesalahan yang ditunjukkan pada peserta didik berkemampuan sedang yaitu pada tahap memahami, keterampilan proses dan penulisan jawaban akhir. Sedangkan siswa berkemampuan rendah menunjukkan jenis kesalahan pada tahap membaca soal, memahami, kesalahan transformasi, keterampilan proses dan penulisan jawaban akhir. Jenis kesalahan yang memiliki frekuensi paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada tahap memahami, diikuti dengan penulisan jawaban akhir dan transformasi.
Analisis Kesalahan dalam Pembuktian Teorema Bilangan Bulat pada Mahasiswa IKIP Budi Utomo Malang
Authors: Yazidah Nok Izatul , Sulistyorini Yunis , Kartika Era Dewi
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan pembuktian teorema bilangan bulat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesalahan apa saja yang dilakukan mahasiswa dalam membutikan teorema bilangan bulat. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan matematika IKIP Budi Utomo yang sedang mengampu matakuliah teori bilangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes uraian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan mahasiswa dalam membuktikan teorema bilangan bulat, dan wawancara yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah (1) kesalahan konsep yang berupa kesalahan dalam memahami makna soal, kesalahan pengunaan variabel dimana mengambil angka 1 dan ditunjukkan kembali menjadi 1, (2) kesalahan prinsip berupa salah menerjemahkan soal yang ditandai dengan penulisan (-1)(-1) diawal dan diakhir jawaban tanpa adanya makna yang jelas, (3) kesalahan tidak adanya penggunaan teorema yang jelas.

 This research is motivated by problems related to the proof of the integer theorem. The purpose of this study was to find out what errors were made by students in proving the integer theorem. The subject of this research is the mathematics education student of IKIP Budi Utomo who is teaching number theory course. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection techniques used are is a description test that is used to find out student errors in proving the integer theorem, and interviews are used to find out what factors cause students to make mistakes. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the types of errors made by students were (1) conceptual errors in the form of errors in understanding the meaning of the questions, errors in the use of variables which took the number 1 and was shown back to 1, (2) principle errors in the form of mistranslating the questions marked by writing (-1)(-1) at the beginning and at the end of the answer without a clear meaning, (3) the error does not use a clear theorem.
Perbandingan Model Generalized Ammi (Gammi) dengan Row Column Interaction Model pada Interaksi Genotipe dan Lingkungan
Authors: Ahadiyah Kurnia , Dewi Ardiana Fatma
Published: August 2022

Model Generalized AMMI (GAMMI) merupakan perluasan dari model AMMI (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction). Model GAMMI melibatkan konsep Generalized Linear Model (GLM) pada variabel responnya. Pada penelitian ini, model GAMMI digunakan untuk data interaksi antara genotipe dan lingkungan yang mempunyai distribusi poisson. Sama halnya dengan model AMMI, model GAMMI juga digunakan untuk menganalisis kestabilan genotipe pada lingkungan yang beragam dengan pengaruh utama perlakuan dimodelkan dengan model aditif sedangkan pengaruh interaksi dimodelkan dengan model multiplikatif (bilinier). Metode lain yang memiliki kemiripan dengan model GAMMI adalah Row Column Interaction Model (RCIM). Model ini juga dapat digunakan untuk data yang berdistribusi poisson. Kedua model ini akan dibandingkan nilai analisis devian dan biplotnya. Interpretasi kedua model ditunjukkan melalui biplot dengan penguraian Singular Value Decompotition (SVD) pada matriks interaksi. Data yang digunakan untuk membandingkan kedua metode tersebut adalah data hama kedelai yang berisi empat genotipe dan lima jenis hama kedelai. Penelitian ini lebih ditekankan pada perbandingan hasil pemodelan dengan cara yang berbeda. Kedua metode menunjukan nilai peluang yang hampir sama yaitu untuk model GAMMI dengan regresi bolak-balik sebesar 0,0541, sedangkan model RCIM sebesar 0,0548. Keduanya sama-sama signifikan pada model GAMMI2 karena nilai peluang <0,06.
 
Generalized AMMI (GAMMI) model is a development of the AMMI (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction) model. Model GAMMI involves the concept of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) on the response variable. In this research, GAMMI model used for interaction of genotype and environment data that have poisson distribution. Similar to the AMMI model, GAMMI model also used to analyze the stability of the genotype in any different environment with the main effect of treatment is modeled by additive model, while the effect of the interaction is modeled by multiplicative model (bilinear). Another method which is similar to GAMMI model is Row Column Interaction Model (RCIM). This model also can used for the data that have poisson distribution. These two models will be compared with the analysis value of the deviance and biplot. Interpretation of the model is shown through the biplot with Singular Value Decompotition (SVD) toward interaction matrix. The data used to compare the two methods is soybean pest data which contains four genotypes and five of soybean pests. This research emphasizes on comparing the results of modeling in different ways. The results of the analysis of the two methods show that the probability value is almost the same, for the GAMMI model with alternating regression is 0.0541, while the RCIM model is 0.0548. Both are equally significant in the GAMMI2 model because the probability value is <0.06.
TACTICS OF APPROACHING THE AUTHOR CLOSER TO THE READER: INTERACTIVE COOPERATION
Authors: Bilovska Natalia
Published: August 2022

The article clarifies the features of interactive relationships, which are modeled by the addresser of modern media text for maximum impact on the addressee. The author controls the perception of the text, focusing on linguistic competence and an objective picture of the reader’s world. A pragmatic approach to journalistic text makes it possible to identify explicit and implicit forms of dialogue: modeling feedback and interactive settings that can turn a hypothetical reader into a real one, adapting to the addressee’s language thesaurus. Discursive openness to the exchange of views with the addressee leads to the fact that the entire media text becomes a guarantee of commonality of addresser-addressee interpretations. The difference between the addresser and the addressee is minimized, their connection is strengthened through the combination of linguistic consciousness, which, in turn, forms a special structure and semantics of the journalistic text, in which the emphasis is not on I but on the Other. The addressee in some implicit or explicit form is always in all segments of the media text, and the author establishes a trusting relationship with the reader through the phatic linguistic means that the addressee relates to himself. Approaching the addressee is a sign of modern journalistic texts, which show a tendency to dialogue and democratization of forms of mass communication, and their characteristic feature is the actualization in the center of attention of the addressee, latent (mediated by written text) dialogue with which is modeled as real. The addressee in the process of establishing contact with the author of the media text also becomes the part of broad cognitive space. This opportunity is realized if the journalist has different types of competence – communicative and procedural, that is, is able to compare their own thesaurus, their own knowledge with the thesaurus and the picture of the world of his reader. Modern journalism is characterized by the search for contact with the addressee and new effective models of influence and intimacy of relationships that contribute to the creation of a single cognitive space for both, which, in turn, will allow the recipient to move from knowledge to understanding.
KUALITAS TELUR PUYUH (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) YANG DIBERI PAKAN KOMERSIAL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG BAWANG PUTIH DANTEPUNG JINTAN
Authors: Fadila Ulfa , Kardaya Dede , Dihansih Elis
Published: August 2022

Research on the egg quality of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed garlic flour and cumin flour supplemented commercial has been done for one month to assess the effect of each treatment on the eggs quality of quail. This study used 180 quail aged 30 days with a complete randomized design study method treated as follows: P0 (commercial feeding without garlic flour and cumin flour, P1 (commercial feeding with 2% garlic flour), P2 ( Commercial feeding with 2% cumin flour), and P3 (1% garlic flour and 1% cumin flour). The addition of 1-2% garlic feed additive potency to improve the quality of quail eggs, especially on the quality of quail egg yolk.Key words : quality of quail eggs, garlic flour, cumin flour.
Affirmative Action Study on the Political Rights of Women in the Indonesian Constitution
Authors: Vasandani Malika Rajan , Nugraha Dwi Putra , Susantijo Susi
Published: August 2022

As the world’s third largest democracy, Indonesia’s governmental system should ideally function as a government of the people, by the people, for the people, to borrow the famous words of Abraham Lincoln. In reality, the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, an institution which should best represent the nation’s people in carrying out its duty of drafting legislative products, still fails to do so, as it is dominated by men. Deep-rooted patriarchal beliefs cloud the nation, while inadequate and inefficient laws have also contributed to the present situation of low female representation in politics. This article therefore looks into the effectiveness various laws and regulations intended to protect women’s political rights. It assesses the effect of the low participation of women on the quality and gender-sensitivity of laws passed by the House of Representatives. It also evaluates the urgency to introduce affirmative action policies through the 1945 Constitution to increase women’s participation rates. The authors have used the normative-empirical method, consisting of a statutory, conceptual and comparative approach. Materials used for this research include interviews with prominent figures, analysis of the law and a comparative study. Through this approach, the article concludes that prevailing regulations in Indonesia require improvement, as there needs to be a shift from the present quota system to a system of reserved legislative seats in order to reap the benefits of equal participation.
Towards a psychology of divine forgiveness
Authors: Fincham Frank
Published: August 2022

The world’s longstanding religions emphasize divine forgiveness yet systematic research on God’s forgiveness is notably absent from the scientific literature. Because religious beliefs are a core motivating feature in many peoples’ lives, divine forgiveness requires attention if we are to attain a more complete understanding of human behavior. The goal of this paper is to provide a road map for future research on divine forgiveness. Towards this end, it provides a review and critique of extant research followed by an analysis of the construct of divine forgiveness. This provides a segue to identifying and discussing several topics for future investigation. These include documenting how divine forgiveness is perceived and experienced, the role of mental representation of God and the role of various dimensions of one’s relationship with God in understanding divine forgiveness, and the relations among types of forgiveness (divine, interpersonal and self-forgiveness). Also outlined are numerous approaches to the development of a psychometrically sound measure of divine forgiveness. The paper concludes with a brief summary of salient issues.
Effort can have positive and negative impact on outcome value within an individual, across individuals, and across choice contexts
Authors: Marcowski Przemysław , Winkielman Piotr , Białaszek Wojciech
Published: August 2022

Performance of virtually every action requires some degree of effort. Thus, effort plays a role in motivation and decision-making processes. Recent works suggest that effort-based choice might not always follow the law of less work, i.e., effort decreasing valuation of effort-contingent outcomes. Instead, effort can also have a positive impact on evaluation. To test this proposition, recently termed the effort paradox, we introduce a novel model that allows effort to have both negative and positive effects, and accounts for effort effects on outcome evaluation within an individual, across individuals, and across different choice contexts. Our participants performed a series of choices between money and a common item linked to different levels of physical effort. The effort involved real or hypothetical stair climbing and was prospective (choosing between potential outcomes before effort exertion) or retrospective (choosing between outcomes obtained after effort exertion). Behaviorally we found that, with real effort and real choices, effort decreased outcome value when decisions were prospective and increased outcome value when decisions were retrospective. These results demonstrate the effort paradox within a single experiment using real effort and incentivized decisions. To explore choice dynamics beyond average trends, we then applied a novel computational model to participants’ choices and found that our model explained individual decisions better compared to previous models. Importantly, upon inspecting these explanations, we observed that even under the same circumstances some individuals exhibit a positive relation between effort and value, some negative, and yet others exhibit non-monotonic preference profiles.