bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the extrahepatic bile duct anatomy on choledocholithiasis and its clinical significance
Authors: Cao Zheng , Zhou Jia , Wei Li , He Hai-Yu , Li Jun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

A comprehensive understanding of the extrahepatic bile duct anatomy is vital to guide surgical procedures and perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Anatomical irregularities within the extrahepatic bile duct may increase susceptibility to bile duct stones.

AIM

To investigate the anatomical risk factors associated with extrahepatic bile ducts in patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, with a specific focus on preventing stone recurrence after surgical intervention and endoscopic lithotomy.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 124 patients without choledocholithiasis and 108 with confirmed choledocholithiasis who underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography examinations at our center between January 2022 and October 2022. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the anatomical risk factors influencing the incidence of common bile duct stones.

RESULTS

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors independently contributed to choledocholithiasis risk. Significant independent risk factors for choledocholithiasis were diameter of the common hepatic [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.92, adjusted P value = 0.016] and common bile (aOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.27-2.23, adjusted P value < 0.001) ducts, length of the common hepatic duct (aOR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99, adjusted P value = 0.034), and angle of the common bile duct (aOR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.89–0.95, adjusted P value < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The anatomical features of the extrahepatic bile duct were directly associated with choledocholithiasis risk. Key risk factors include an enlarged diameter of the common hepatic and bile ducts, a shorter length of the common hepatic duct, and a reduced angle of the common bile duct.
Clinical study on microscopic syndrome differentiation and traditional Chinese medicine treatment for liver stomach disharmony in chronic gastritis
Authors: Bai Chun-Yan , Tian Wei , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. Liver-stomach disharmony (LSD) syndrome is believed to contribute to CG symptoms.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microcosmic syndrome differentiation and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) treatment in patients with CG and LSD syndrome.

METHODS

Sixty-four patients with CG and LSD syndrome were randomly divided into two groups: The treatment group received CHM based on microcosmic syndrome differentiation and the control group received conventional Western medicine. The treatment course lasted 12 wk. The primary outcome was improvement in dyspeptic symptoms, measured using the Nepean Dyspepsia Index. The secondary outcomes included the improvement rate of endoscopic findings, histopathological findings, and microcosmic syndrome scores and the incidence of adverse events.

RESULTS

After 12 wk of treatment, the treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in dyspeptic symptoms than the control group (93.75% vs 65.63%, P < 0.01). The treatment group also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in endoscopic findings than the control group (81.25% vs 53.13%, P < 0.05). The improvement rates of histopathological findings and microcosmic syndrome scores were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed in either group.

CONCLUSION

Microcosmic syndrome differentiation and CHM treatment can effectively improve dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic findings in patients with CG and LSD syndrome and have a good safety profile. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the long-term efficacy and mechanism of action of this treatment.
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor amplification correlates with adverse pathological features and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Qiu-Xiao , Fu Ping-Ying , Zhang Chi , Li Li , Huang Wen-Ting
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET ) gene participates in multiple tumor biology and shows clinical potential for pharmacological manipulation in tumor treatment. MET amplification has been reported in CRC, but data are very limited. Investigating pathological values of MET in CRC may provide new therapeutic and genetic screening options in future clinical practice.

AIM

To determine the pathological significance of MET amplification in CRC and to propose a feasible screening strategy.

METHODS

A number of 205 newly diagnosed CRC patients undergoing surgical resection without any preoperative therapy at Shenzhen Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were recruited. All patients were without RAS/RAF mutation or microsatellite instability-high. MET amplification and c-MET protein expression were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Correlations between MET aberration and pathological features were detected using the chi-squared test. Progression free survival (PFS) during the two-year follow-up was detected using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. The results of MET FISH and IHC were compared using one-way ANOVA.

RESULTS

Polysomy-induced MET amplification was observed in 14.4% of cases, and focal MET amplification was not detected. Polysomy-induced MET amplification was associated with a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P < 0.001) and higher tumor budding grade (P = 0.02). In the survival analysis, significant difference was detected between patients with amplified- and non-amplified MET in a two-year follow-up after the first diagnosis (P = 0.001). C-MET scores of 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+ were observed in 1.4%, 24.9%, 54.7%, and 19.0% of tumors, respectively. C-MET overexpression correlated with higher frequency of LNM (P = 0.002), but no significant difference of PFS was detected between patients with different protein levels. In terms of concordance between MET FISH and IHC results, MET copy number showed no difference in c-MET IHC 0/1+ (3.35 ± 0.18), 2+ (3.29 ± 0.11) and 3+ (3.58 ± 0.22) cohorts, and the MET -to-CEP7 ratio showed no difference in three groups (1.09 ± 0.02, 1.10 ± 0.01, and 1.09 ± 0.03).

CONCLUSION

In CRC, focal MET amplification was a rare event. Polysomy-induced MET amplification correlated with adverse pathological characteristics and poor prognosis. IHC was a poor screening tool for MET amplification.
Prognostic factors associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction after gastrointestinal tumor surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Song Jia , Zhou Cong , Zhang Tian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Explore the risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction after gastrointestinal tumor surgery and to provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal tumor surgery.

AIM

To investigate the potential risk factors for gastrointestinal dysfunction following gastrointestinal tumor surgery and to present information supporting the prevention and management of gastrointestinal dysfunction in surgery patients.

METHODS

Systematically searched the relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, China Biomedical Database, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Chinese Journal Database self-established until October 1, 2022. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis after two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.

RESULTS

A total of 23 pieces of literature were included, the quality of which was medium or above, and the total sample size was 43878. The results of meta-analysis showed that the patients were male (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.25-2.01, P = 0.002) and ≥ 60 years old (OR = 2.60, 95%CI: 1.76-2.87, P < 0.001), physical index ≥ 25.3 kg/m2 (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.00-1. 12, P = 0.040), smoking history (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.31-2.73, P < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.22-1.83, P < 0.001), enterostomy (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.26-1.70, P < 0.001), history of abdominal surgery (OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.67-5.03, P < 0.001), surgical site (OR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.40-2.62, P < 0.001), operation method (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.08-2.62, P = 0.020), operation duration (OR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.92-3.67, P < 0.001), abdominal adhesion grade (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.90-3.56, P < 0.001), postoperative opioid history (OR = 5.35, 95%CI: 3.29-8.71, P < 0.001), tumor TNM staging (OR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.84-3.62, P < 0.001), postoperative blood transfusion (OR = 2.92, 95%CI: 0.88-9.73, P = 0.010) is a risk factor for postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.

CONCLUSION

There are many factors affecting gastrointestinal dysfunction in gastrointestinal patients after surgery. Clinical staff should identify relevant risk factors early and implement targeted intervention measures on the basis of personalized assessment to improve the clinical prognosis of patients.
Multi-modal imaging for the diagnosis of spontaneous visceral artery dissection: A case report
Authors: Pu Yang , Luo Yan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Spontaneous visceral artery dissection (SVAD) is a rare condition that affects the visceral arteries, such as the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries, without involving the aorta. Organ ischemia or hemorrhage from vessel rupture can occur in SVAD; therefore, prompt detection and management is essential. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has been used to diagnose most of the previous cases, but few studies have explored the potential of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for early detection of this disease.

CASE SUMMARY

A 53-year-old male presented with complaints of poor appetite and abnormal liver function for the past 6 months. He had previously undergone transabdominal splenectomy, esophagogastric devascularization, and cholecystectomy for gallstones and severe portal hypertension. Liver ultrasound was performed in our department to assess liver status. An abnormal hepatic artery spectrum was observed, and dissection involving both the celiac artery and the common hepatic artery was observed. A CEUS was then performed and clearly showed the entry site of the intimal tear and the false lumen, and dissection was subsequently confirmed by CECT. The patient was asymptomatic; therefore, treatment to control the blood pressure was provided, and follow-up was recommended. After 6 months of follow-up, the celiac artery was found to be dilated with an adherent thrombus visible in the wall, and the common hepatic artery was occluded with the presence of collateralization. Despite these findings, no significant changes in liver function were observed.

CONCLUSION

Multi-modal imaging is effective in diagnosing SVAD, and conservative treatment is a choice for asymptomatic patients.
Resection and reconstruction in high-grade pancreatic head injuries
Authors: Krige Jake , Jonas Eduard , Nicol Andrew John , Navsaria Pradeep Harkson
Published: May 2024

This study by Chui et al adds further important evidence in the treatment of high-grade pancreatic injuries and endorses the concept of the model of pancreatic trauma care designed to optimize treatment, minimize morbidity and enhance survival in patients with complex pancreatic injuries. Although the authors have demonstrated favorable outcomes based on their limited experience of 5 patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), including 2 patients who were “unstable” and did not have damage control surgery (DCS), we would caution against the general recommendations promoting index PD without DCS in “unstable” grade 5 pancreatic head injuries.
Primary repair of esophageal atresia Gross type C via thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis: Is it the best option?
Authors: Pérez-Bertólez Sonia , Godoy-Lenz Jorge
Published: May 2024

Magnetic compression anastomosis is a promising treatment option for patients with complex esophageal atresia; but, at the present time, should not be the first therapeutic option in those cases where the surgeon can perform a primary anastomosis of the two ends of the esophagus with acceptable tension.
Cardiac differentiation is modulated by anti-apoptotic signals in murine embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yehya Amani , Azar Joseph , Al-Fares Mohamad , Boeuf Helene , Abou-Kheir Wassim , Zeineddine Dana , Hadadeh Ola
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) serve as a crucial ex vivo model, representing epiblast cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos. ESCs exhibit a unique combination of self-renewal potency, unlimited proliferation, and pluripotency. The latter is evident by the ability of the isolated cells to differentiate spontaneously into multiple cell lineages, representing the three primary embryonic germ layers. Multiple regulatory networks guide ESCs, directing their self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, emerges as a key event involved in sculpting and forming various organs and structures ensuring proper embryonic development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between differentiation and apoptosis remain poorly understood.

AIM

To investigate the regulatory impact of apoptosis on the early differentiation of ESCs into cardiac cells, using mouse ESC (mESC) models - mESC-B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), mESC-PIM-2, and mESC-metallothionein-1 (MET-1) - which overexpress the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 , Pim-2 , and Met-1 , respectively.

METHODS

mESC-T2 (wild-type), mESC-BCL-2, mESC-PIM-2, and mESC-MET-1 have been used to assess the effect of potentiated apoptotic signals on cardiac differentiation. The hanging drop method was adopted to generate embryoid bodies (EBs) and induce terminal differentiation of mESCs. The size of the generated EBs was measured in each condition compared to the wild type. At the functional level, the percentage of cardiac differentiation was measured by calculating the number of beating cardiomyocytes in the manipulated mESCs compared to the control. At the molecular level, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers: Troponin T, GATA4, and NKX2.5. Additionally, troponin T protein expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence and western blot assays.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that the upregulation of Bcl-2 , Pim-2 , and Met-1 genes led to a reduction in the size of the EBs derived from the manipulated mESCs, in comparison with their wild-type counterpart. Additionally, a decrease in the count of beating cardiomyocytes among differentiated cells was observed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers - troponin T, GATA4, and NKX2.5 - was diminished in mESCs overexpressing the three anti-apoptotic genes compared to the control cell line. Moreover, the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic genes resulted in a reduction in troponin T protein expression.

CONCLUSION

Our findings revealed that the upregulation of Bcl-2 , Pim-2 , and Met-1 genes altered cardiac differentiation, providing insight into the intricate interplay between apoptosis and ESC fate determination.
Non-financial incentives and performance of teaching hospitals in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Uchechukwu Chinedum Bonaventure , Ezeodili Walter , Eneh Maximus Ikenna
Published: May 2024

This study examined non-financial incentives and performance of teaching hospitals in Enugu State.. The study adopted survey design. The population consists of junior, senior and management staff of both teaching hospitals, numbering 1813, out of which 328 were sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Simple percentage rating were used for analysing the data while simple regression technique were used for testing the hypotheses. It was revealed, among other things that staff development and training have significant positive effect on workers’ efficiency; that provision of working tools and equipment have significant positive effect on patients’ satisfaction; and that issuance of honorary awards and recognition have significant positive effect on worker’s attitude. In its recommendation, the study submitted that since teaching hospitals double as health and educational institutions, they should provide professional development programmes for in-house staff. Furthermore, since they are public service institutions, the government should do well to provide modern innovative working tools to help staff members update their on-the-job skills and boost patients’ confidence on the quality of healthcare services rendered in these institutions.
Effect of risk management practices on project performance: A case of the Mafuru-Kimambira Water Supply Project in Mvomero District.
Authors: Mwaitete Cairo
Published: May 2024

The study examined the effect of risk management practices on project performance using a case of Mafuru-Kimambira Water Supply Project. This study used quantitative research approach together with non-proportional stratified simple random sampling technique to obtain 98 project contractors. The data were collected using the questionnaire method and analyzed using both descriptive statistics and multiple regression model to analyze the effects of risk management practices on project performance. The findings revealed that risk prevention practice was found to be positive and significant, indicating that it has a direct effect on Mafuru-Kimambira water supply project performance, risk transfer was also found to be positive and significant, indicating that it has a direct impact on Mafuru-Kimambira water supply project performance and risk control was found to be positive and significant, indicating that it has a direct impact on project performance. The study emphasize how crucial risk management techniques are to improving the efficiency of water supply initiatives like the Mafuru-Kimambira Water Supply Project. The study recommends that policymakers should contemplate formulating and executing regulations that promote the application of risk prevention, risk transfer, and risk control techniques in project management. These policies might include directives requiring the application of these techniques in project planning and execution, incentives for projects that exhibit excellent risk management, and training courses for project managers on risk management techniques. By ensuring that water supply projects are carried out successfully, these policies may contribute to increased water security and socioeconomic growth.
Emerging Issues on the Performance of Ward Executive Officers in Tanzania
Authors: Kinemo Stella Malangalila
Published: May 2024

For effective and speedy service delivery the Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982 established the ward system in urban areas. Wards Executive Officers (WEO) supervise all government activities and Ward Development Programs at the ward level. Despite the efforts made by the Government of Tanzania to ensure that the communities in the wards have access to quality services, wards still experience poor service delivery. This study aimed to investigate emerging issues affecting the performance of Ward Executive Officers in delivering services in the wards. The study was conducted at Morogoro Municipal Council and employed the qualitative technique. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews and documentary reviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from 29 wards of Morogoro Municipal Council. Findings from the study indicated that inadequate human resources, financial resources, lack of career development, lack of training, and a poor working environment mostly influenced the performance of Ward Executive officers. The study recommends strengthening the availability of resources and a conducive environment for the effective performance of Ward Executive Officers.
Public private partnerships and international law: Building the blocks for sustainable infrastructure financing
Authors: MFR Jumoke Oduwole
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Healthcare Waste Management Policy in a lower-middle-income country: A case for the adoption of the RADICAL framework
Authors: Edozien Leroy C.
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic raised the salience of Healthcare Waste Management (HCWM). Various studies have shown that the level of HCWM in lower-middle-income countries falls below international standards and global best practice, indicating that the national policy on HCWM is either non-existent or has not been embedded in practice. The renewed salience affords an opportunity to revisit, update and embed the national policy on HCWM. In seizing this opportunity, the elemental thinking must change from a linear model to the complex adaptive model that takes account of the inter-relationships and contextual factors that could impede or facilitate implementation of the policy. These complexities account for the ‘policy-implementation gap’ associated with policy failure. This paper presents a framework that could be applied in developing, implementing, and monitoring the national HCWM policy in a lower-middle-income country. The integrative framework, identified by the acronym RADICAL, comprises the following domains in an integrated grid: Raise awareness; Apply formal quality improvement methods; Design for quality and safety: Involve stakeholders; Collect and Analyse pertinent data; Learn from shared experience. The pertinence of each domain to HCWM is described.
Exploring minimal indirect digital economy taxation as a post-COVID-19 economic recovery strategy for African revenue mobilisation
Authors: Aren Marie-Louise Fehun
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath continue to devastate most areas of society and continue to reveal inherent structural vulnerabilities in the economies, social, and health systems in countries. In addition, the Russia-Ukraine conflict of 2022 and the geopolitics of its resolution continue to create shocks across the globe- evidenced by rising inflation, increased sovereign debt level, recession, and reduced public expenditure among others. While many sectors of the economy were crippled by the back-to-back global economic shocks of the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict through reduced economic activities resulting in a global recession and reduced tax revenues for public expenditure, the digital economy has surprisingly boomed and continues to grow in this period of uncertainty. This has been directly attributed to the 'lure of the alternative', caused by the social and economic lockdowns imposed by countries, which pushed many persons and companies to explore the next available option- online platforms to conduct business. Although the rise in the use of digital platforms for business activities is commendable, this development has some implications for traditional business frameworks which in turn affects revenue mobilisation for funding public infrastructure projects and services. This is because, in Africa, the digital economy is  not as well-regulated as the traditional economy. This creates an avenue for tax evasion and avoidance, arising from the dynamic and complex nature of digital transactions. This challenge requires that urgent solutions be found for the effective taxation of the digital economy. There will be a need to review/reform economic and fiscal policies and laws to ensure a faster recovery from the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. There would also be a need to create digital tax policies that are equitable for source and market jurisdictions and, lastly, there will be a need for cooperation in tax law and policies across Africa that capture the reality of the growth and ubiquitous presence of digital multinationals in Africa.
An evaluation of third-party funding in commercial arbitration
Authors: Onibokun Adedotun , Sodipo Bankole
Published: May 2024

Arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism aims to advance access to justice in accordance with Goal 16 of the United Nations Substantiable Development Goals (SDGs). One key issue in arbitration law and practice is the role of third-party funders in fundraising for the arbitration or even litigation process. Third Party Funding (TPF) has grown as a practice of financial responsibility for litigation or arbitration by sponsors that are not parties to a dispute, but whose interest is return for their investment. Such an arrangement may cover major litigation or arbitration costs, as well as other miscellaneous costs. The practice contradicts well established legal principles such as privity of contract and/or complements party autonomy, but the enormous advantages it offers, such as faster access to justice and investment opportunities cannot be ignored. Whilst the concept has developed in advanced countries it is yet to take shape in developing nations like Nigeria. The methodology deployed is doctrinal with primary and secondary sources being the content of Statutes, Bills and Case law. Online sources were also relied upon for secondary sources. The study found that TPF will assist in higher fundraising for litigation and arbitration, that it applies mainly to claimants and will increase access to justice. It is recommended that funds be made available to Defendants too and that developing countries should embrace the practice.
Social work community practice from a government discourse perspective: Motives for youth volunteers in controlling COVID-19 in Rwanda
Authors: Bimenyimana Pierre C. , Bukuluki Paul , Rutembesa Eugene , Synness Ronald M. , Byungura Jean C.
Published: May 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries were in emergencies to contain the envisioned danger. Rwanda was no exception. Among strategies adopted by the country to control the pandemic were community interventions by youth volunteers. Using social movement and self-determination theories, the paper investigated the policy perspective of the motives for the voluntary engagement of these youths in controlling the pandemic so that these motives could be documented for future emergencies. A qualitative approach was adopted to explore what motivated these youths by analysing government discourses, where data were collected from six government policy documents. The content analysis was done after grouping the data into two categories and subcategories using MAXQDA 22, a qualitative data analysis software, for data mapping and visualization. The results indicate that youth volunteers have been mainly motivated by institutional-level motives, whereby government leadership mobilisation and coordination had a high occurrence, and under the individual-level motives category, civic-mindedness behaviour occurred high. The paper argues that conducive policies are a key motivation for social work community practices. Social workers should advocate for conducive policies to increase the productivity of voluntary activities. Another study involving talking to youth volunteers may complement the current findings.
Support Systems for children with disability in alternative care system in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Nwanze Anthony , Azeez Abolaji , Salami Kabiru K.
Published: May 2024

Nigeria maintains residential homes as a form of alternative care for children with disability (CWD) despite its reversal in developed nations. This cross-sectional study profiled the nature of care for CWDs in alternative residential homes (ARHs) in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered 131 copies of a standardized questionnaire to CWDs, while eight interviews were conducted among staff of residential homes and regulatory bodies. The male (54.2%) population dominated the homes. Satisfaction in healthcare services (61%) and in quality of feeding (73%) were reported, while 32% CWDs expressed willingness to leave the residential homes for reasons of inadequate support structures. There was no significant relationship between respondents’ duration of stay and the likelihood of recommending residential homes as the best model for supporting CWD (P<0.05). Residential homes provided in-group solidarity and basic survival needs for CWDs, but lacked formal mechanisms for reporting and responding to abuses. Social workers can play a pivotal role in public sensitization to challenge the placing of CWDs in deficient ARHs and can also be at the forefront of advocating for social welfare programmes for parents of CWDs to enable the children to grow within their natural family settings.
Forfeiture and Refund on Public Expenditure: A Model for Effective Financial Management in Nigeria
Authors: Asomba Ifeyinwa U , Ugwu Chioma J , Ukpere Chukwuma S
Published: May 2024

The study examined forfeiture and refund on public expenditure: A model for effective financial management in Nigeria. the specific objectives of the study were to: establish the effect of forfeiture and refund in improving actual revenue collected, examine the effect of forfeiture and refund in improving actual public expenditure and determine the effect of forfeiture and refund in improving publicborrowing in Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study. It employed a documentary research design. The finding showed that forfeiture and refunds in improved actual revenue collected, that forfeiture and refunds in improved actual public expenditure and that forfeiture and refunds will reduce public borrowing in Nigeria. The study concluded that forfeiture and refund on publicexpenditure is a good model for effective financial management in Nigeria. Forfeiture and recovery of proceeds of corruption are vital aspects of the anticorruption efforts of the present government in Nigeria. The study among others recommended that Building anti-corruption agencies' capacities through continuous training and re-training programs and international cooperation will block ahaven to corruption and its assets, and it will enhance global combat against corruption. The effectiveness of any recovery, confiscation and asset forfeiture legal regime depends on institutional capacity and funding.
Sustainability of Fish-Hydropower Dam Interaction: A Case Study of River Nyamugasani ecosystem, Albertine Graben
Authors: Bassa Samuel , Massa Henry , Bogere Shaban , Owour George , Nakiyende Herbert , Nyaundi Joseph , Taabu-Munyaho Anthony , Ochieng Ogello Erick , Balirwa John Stephen , Nalukenge Nkalubo Winnie , Getabu Albert
Published: May 2024

This study examined the River Nyamugasani ecosystem in western Uganda, evaluating fish diversity status before and after construction of a hydropower dam between 2015 - 2019 and 2021 - 2022. Using both electro fisher and minnow traps as the main fishing gears at ten preselected sites within the hydropower project areas, the study sampled 1,866 fishes from twenty-four (24) species, including the endemic Varicorhinus Ruwenzori, Pellegrin 1909. Nyamu II PH areas registered higher diversity (Simpson index of 0.8862) potentially attributed by hydrological alterations from hydropower dams. The findings emphasize the need for hydropower management need to consider fish stock controls, restorations and conservation measures, especially for theendemic Varicorhinus Ruwenzori species.
Measures for Reducing Tomato Post-Harvest Losses at Farmer Level in the Lake Victoria Crescent Agro-Ecological Zone.
Authors: Babirye Magala Damalie , Egessa Jerry , Atim Jackie , Sseruwu Godfrey , Namirimu Teopista
Published: May 2024

Globally, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are recognized as a significant vegetable crop with nutritional, health, and economic importance. In Uganda, small-scale tomato farmers, obtain low yields due to biotic and abiotic conditions of pests, diseases, lack of irrigation, and insufficient knowledge of sustainable farming practices. Post-harvest losses further hinder tomato production by limiting the amount of high-quality produce reaching the market. This study used a largely qualitative approach to understand the mechanisms tomato farmers in Wakiso and Luwero districts in Central Uganda use to reduce post-harvest losses at farm level. The study reveals that the Assila F1 Hybrid is the predominant variety—chosen for its firmness, extended shelf life, and resistance to pests and diseases. Farmers adopted staggered planting to manage post-harvest losses, harvesting mature green tomatoes in the morning and evening. However, a lack of technical expertise resulted in a deficiency of deliberate post-harvest treatments, and the absence of a mandatory body for produce inspection negatively impacted quality. Individual sales by farmers without standardized measurements also contributed to exploitation by middlemen. The study recommends farmers’ capacity building in appropriate post-harvest handling practices.
Portal vein pulsatility: An important sonographic tool assessment of systemic congestion for critical ill patients
Authors: Dimopoulos Stavros , Antonopoulos Michael
Published: May 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article by Kuwahara et al , published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology . In this interesting paper, the authors showed a correlation between portal vein pulsatility ratio, examined by bedside ultrasonography, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure. Systemic congestion is being notoriously underdetected in the acutely ill population with conventional methods like clinical examination, biomarkers, central venous pressure estimation and X-rays. However, congestion should be a key therapeutic target due to its deleterious effects to end organ function and subsequently patient prognosis. Doppler flow assessment of the abdominal veins is gaining popularity worldwide, as a valuable tool in estimating comprehensively congestion and giving a further insight into hemodynamics and patient management.
Assessment of post-myocardial infarction lipid levels and management: Results from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Rubina , Soomro Muhammad Ismail , Khan Muhamman Nauman , Kumar Mukesh , Soomro Najia Aslam , Kazmi Khawar Abbas
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Lipid treatment practices and levels in post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, which are crucial for secondary prevention.

AIM

To evaluate the lipid treatment practices and lipid levels in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed patients who had experienced their first AMI event in the past 3 years. We assessed fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles, reviewed statin therapy prescriptions, and examined patient compliance. The recommended dose was defined as rosuvastatin ≥ 20 mg or atorvastatin ≥ 40 mg, with target total cholesterol levels set at < 160 mg/dL and target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at < 55 mg/dL.

RESULTS

Among 195 patients, 71.3% were male, and the mean age was 57.1 ± 10.2 years. The median duration since AMI was 36 (interquartile range: 10-48) months and 60% were diagnosed with ST-segment elevation MI. Only 13.8% of patients were advised to undergo lipid profile testing after AMI, 88.7% of patients were on the recommended statin therapy, and 91.8% of patients were compliant with statin therapy. Only 11.5% had LDL-C within the target range and 71.7% had total cholesterol within the target range. Hospital admission in the past 12 months was reported by 14.4%, and the re-admission rate was significantly higher among non-compliant patients (37.5% vs 5.6%). Subsequent AMI event rate was also significantly higher among non-compliant patients (43.8% vs 11.7%).

CONCLUSION

Our study highlights that while most post-AMI patients received the recommended minimum statin therapy dose, the inadequate practice of lipid assessment may compromise therapy optimization and raise the risk of subsequent events.
Design of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Karuppannan Anand , Mohanaprasaath S.
Published: May 2024

Solutions for customers with delicate loads and quick voltage regulation are essential. Protect important loads from supply-side voltage disturbances with a power electronic converter-based Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). In the case of severe sag and swell, DVR is a well-known, low-cost therapy option. On the basis of its maximum voltage injection and active power contribution, a DVR's mitigation ability is determined. Standard DVRs use batteries as their DC input, but batteries are cumbersome, expensive, and hazardous to dispose of after they've been used. This limits compensation for DVRs. It is recommended to increase the DVR's VA rating by 1.5 times by increasing the DC connection voltage to 1.5 times the micro grid voltage regulation and quality improvement methods are proposed in this study. As a series voltage compensator, these solutions incorporate a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for regulation, quality improvement, and reduction of harmonic distortion. Continuous adjustment of the DVR output voltage is proposed to reduce harmonic distortions while minimizing network bus voltage changes. As a result of this strategy, the peak demand voltage loss is compensated for. In constant impedance loads, voltage rise reduces network demand, resulting in lower branch currents and losses
Optimizing Energy Transfer: A Novel Wireless Bypass Charging System for E-Vehicles with Darrieus Technology
Authors: kumar M.P. Naresh , kumar S. Sanjay , S. Arul  , shiny Mrs. V.Jino
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a parallel resonant inverter-based solution to power several distributed transmitter coils after giving a summary of the available electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies. Where the receiver coil is attached to the car determines which coils are energized in sequence. By means of this approach, Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Technology functions. Ingenious magnetic induction bypass charging does away with the need for actual connections between the charger and the charging device. Convenient and easy charging of the smartphone is made possible by the charging station's use of magnetic induction. This method uses electromagnetic fields to help the energy transfer between coils placed in the receiving device and the charging station. Close to the charging station, the device's coils oscillate at the same frequency. An electrical current is therefore generated and sent through the receiver coil, so replenishing the device's battery. Offering consumers an easy and practical way to charge their gadgets without the need for cables or plugs is the aim of wireless bypass charging. By enhancing device portability, convenience, and efficiency in the powering process, this invention has the potential to completely transform a number of industries, including consumer electronics, healthcare, and automotive.
INTERFACE EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Nivaldo Pedro de , Costa Elionides José da , Pereira Filomena Alves , Meroto Monique Bolonha das Neves , Mungo Wesley Schulz
Published: May 2024

O trabalho mostra uma revisão que trata do estudo da neurociência, mas especificamente da ciência que se relaciona com as tecnologias educacionais, tendo como base as influências das culturas digitais, que mexe com o cérebro humano, que consequentemente colabora para o desenvolvimento cerebral, em companhia da vida com suas aprendizagens. O artigo trata da tecnologia 4.0 e 5.0 na educação, mostrando diferenças e como isto veio impactar neste aceleramento de uso durante e pós pandêmico. A tecnologia impactou fortemente nas áreas da educação, com tantos ganhos nos acertos, como nas perdas que serviram de base para outros acertos, é inegável não se ter práticas experimentais a discorrer, uma vez que se estar envolvido diretamente com este tipo de educação moderna. Tais experiências 4.0 ou 5.0 proporciona uma maior confiabilidade no manuseio adequado e o bom planejar, como no caso das aulas por meio dos hardwares, softwares e a internet de qualidade. Creditou-se nos seus pormenores a junção duma educação sofisticada de novas perspectivas em seu uso, além de globalizantes nas gerações digitais. Com uma metodologia rica e de alicerce bibliográfico de classificação descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, onde os teóricos vistos no (Google Acadêmico, SciELO e nos próprios materiais da MUST University) que qualificaram-se nas considerações finais, com afirmações do quanto a educação 4.0 ou 5.0 impactou positivamente no trabalho e nas aprendizagens educacionais, que com seus avanços de eras midiáticas auxiliando com temática em muitos campos de atuação na educação.
PROMOVENDO O LETRAMENTO CRÍTICO ATRAVÉS DA TECNOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Narciso Rodi , Araujo Camila Sabino de , Silva Dirceu da , Costa Leila , Motta Sophia Romero
Published: May 2024

Este estudo abordou o desafio de integrar o letramento crítico e a tecnologia na educação, com o objetivo de preparar os estudantes para analisar e interpretar informações de forma crítica no contexto da sociedade digital atual. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão de literatura, por meio da qual se analisaram documentos publicados que discutem a relação entre letramento crítico, tecnologia e educação. Os resultados indicaram que a incorporação de tecnologias digitais em práticas pedagógicas pode enriquecer o processo de aprendizagem, promovendo habilidades de letramento crítico essenciais. Foi observado que práticas inovadoras, como o uso de rádios web indígenas, smartphones e redes sociais em ambientes educacionais, contribuem para uma maior interação, colaboração e reflexão crítica entre os alunos. Contudo, desafios como o acesso equitativo às tecnologias e a necessidade de formação adequada dos educadores também foram identificados. As considerações finais destacam a importância de continuar explorando essa integração, sugerindo a realização de futuras pesquisas focadas na avaliação de longo prazo dessas práticas pedagógicas e na exploração de novas tecnologias emergentes.
EXPLORANDO O POTENCIAL EDUCACIONAL DO GCOMPRIS COMO FERRAMENTA INOVADORA
Authors: Almeida Alessandra Barboza Barros , Hungaro Fernanda , Rezende Guelly Urzêda de Mello , Mafra Mackson Azevedo , Caiado Magno Antonio Cardozo
Published: May 2024

Este artigo aborda a aplicação do software educacional GCompris como uma ferramenta multimídia de natureza pedagógica direcionada a estudantes do 2.º ano do Ensino Fundamental I. O GCompris é um software educativo de acesso gratuito e compatível com múltiplas plataformas, proporcionando um extenso catálogo de mais de 100 atividades concebidas para crianças com idades compreendidas entre dois e dez anos. Estas atividades interativas abrangem diversos domínios educacionais com o propósito de otimizar o processo de aprendizagem em crianças dessa faixa etária. No presente estudo, investigamos os benefícios decorrentes da integração do GCompris em ambientes de ensino, avaliando seu impacto no engajamento dos alunos e no aprimoramento de competências essenciais. As atividades disponibilizadas pelo GCompris se destacaram por sua natureza lúdica e interativa, contribuindo significativamente para estimular a motivação e o envolvimento dos alunos. Adicionalmente, algumas dessas tarefas se revelaram desafiadoras, promovendo o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e enriquecendo a experiência de aprendizado dos estudantes. Uma revisão da literatura revela que o GCompris pode ser considerado uma valiosa ferramenta de apoio ao ensino para estudantes do 2.º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Este programa demonstra potencial para enriquecer o aprendizado em diversos campos do conhecimento, abrangendo áreas como matemática, língua portuguesa, ciências e habilidades cognitivas.
Hakikat-Sonrası Çağda Feminist Hakikat İddialarını Güçlendirmek: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Karşıtlığı Ve Feminist Bakış Açısının Karşı- Temellükü
Authors: Bolat Demet
Published: May 2024

Bu makalede 2010’lardan bu yana yükselen toplumsal cinsiyet karşıtlığı üzerine bir epistemoloji tartışması yürütüyorum. Makalede ilk olarak, toplumsal cinsiyet karşıtlığının eril hakikat iddiaları öne sürmek için bakış açısı epistemolojilerini nasıl temellük ettiğini tartışıyorum. Bu tartışma boyunca hakikat-sonrası teknolojilerinin eril hakikat iddialarına nasıl bir metodoloji sunduğunu ortaya koyuyorum. Ardından hem feminist hakikat iddialarını güçlendirmek hem de hakikat-sonrasının yarattığı epistemik krize karşın bakış açısı epistemolojilerini geri kazanmak için nasıl bir feminist karşı-temellük stratejisi geliştirilebileceği üzerine bir soruşturmaya girişiyorum.
Representation of Male Love in East Asia and West: “Fetish vs Activism”
Authors: Akkülah Seray
Published: May 2024

Alice Oseman, the author of an LGBTQ+ young adult graphic novel that focuses on the lives and romance of two boys, has made a comment that caused some controversy on the internet. This comment by Oseman illustrates a somewhat common view held by Western society toward East Asian Boys Love (BL) genre. That is: BL novels and webcomics being highly sexual, fetish works with little literary value. This research note tries to analyze what could be the reason behind this commonly held view by the West, illustrated by Oseman’s comment through analyzing BL genre, Oseman’s work Heartstopper, the differences and tendencies within the works from East Asia, China specifically, and the West.
Mikro-müdahaleler: Osmanlıca kadın dergilerinde kendin-yap-uygulaması (DIY) ve mimarlığın kadın failleri
Authors: Göre Damla
Published: May 2024

Kadınlara yönelik Osmanlıca süreli yayınlar, kadın mücadelesinin mecrası olmakla beraber hane tezyini ile ilgili de değerli makaleler içermekteydi. Bu makalelerde; ev eşyası, mobilyalar, oda süsleri ve tefrişi tartışılıyor, iç mekânlara yapılacak küçük dokunuşlarla evleri güzelleştirmenin önemi vurgulanıyordu. Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde yayınlanan Süs mecmuası (1923-24) da öncülleri gibi ev estetiğine eğilmiş fakat dahası, yayına koyduğu kendin-yap-uygulamalarıyla ilk defa ev kadınlarına yönelik bir dekorasyon kampanyası geliştirmiştir. Bu makale, Süs mecmuasındaki kendin-yap literatürünü ve bu literatürün öne çıkardığı farklı faillik durumlarını inceleyerek (iç) mimari yayıncılığına farklı roller ve pozisyonlardan katkı sağlamış kadınları tarih yazımına kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Mecmuadaki çeşitli mimari meşguliyetlere odaklanan makale gerek bir ölçek gerekse yücelik ifade eden bir niteliksel durum olarak “büyüklük” (greatness) konusunu sorunsallaştırarak kadınları, mimarlık eğitimine resmî olarak erişemedikleri bir dönemde mimarlığın failleri olarak tartışmaktadır. Süs mecmuasındaki kendin-yap rehberleri, kadınların mimarlık ile küçük ölçek, mekân ve roller içinden yoğun olarak ilgilendiğini, bu ilişkilenmeleri gün yüzüne çıkarmak içinse farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirmemiz gerektiğini göstermektedir.