bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Structural Racism, Employment Discrimination, and Economic Inequities in the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Understand Agricultural Worker Health Inequities
Authors: Yearby Ruqaiijah , Lewis Crystal , Gibson Charysse
Published: January 2023

In 2010, the federal government and several state governments began using the social determinants of health (SDOH) framework to highlight contributing factors of health inequities and, in 2022, recognized that structural racism was associated with health inequities. Yet, efforts to eliminate health inequities have disproportionately focused on individualized solutions instead of addressing structural racism.

Many racial/ethnic-minority workers have been segregated to low-wage occupations that lack access to paid sick leave, such as agricultural work, which has been associated with health inequities. Research shows these inequities are attributable to structural racism enforced through laws that structure the employment system to disadvantage agricultural workers, who are disproportionately racial/ethnic-minority individuals, which will not be addressed with individualized solutions.

In this article, we explain why the current SDOH framework and efforts to eliminate health inequities are inadequate, discuss Yearby’s revised SDOH framework that includes structural racism as one of the root causes of health inequities, and illustrate how Yearby’s revised SDOH framework better captures the impact of structural racism, which is associated with health inequities for agricultural workers. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S65–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307166 )
Student Learning Motivation in Online Learning in the Covid-19 Period
Authors: Munir Muhammad , Sholehah Hijriati
Published: January 2023

Motivation is a change in energy in a person's personality, characterized by the emergence of feelings (affective) and reactions to achieve goals. Learning is observing, reading, imitating, trying something yourself, listening, following directions. The implementation of online learning is not something new for students. Still, online learning is not as effective as face-to-face learning because online learning is not too free to express problems; this is caused by factors such as internet signals, cellphones / or similar tools which can be used for the internet, and others. This has an impact on student learning motivation. This research aims to find out students' learning motivation in online/online learning during the covid 19 period. The research used in this study is survey research; this study aims to describe/explain events or circumstances. Based on the results of data analysis, students' learning motivation in online learning is the highest or equal to 70% of the average ideal value. This shows that students' learning motivation is less than or equal to 70%. It can be stated that covid 19 has an impact on students' learning motivation.
Sentiment Analysis of OYO App Reviews Using the Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Zaenal Zaenal , Astutik Ika Ratna Indra
Published: January 2023

The rapidly growing tourism industry causes the need for hotels to increase. This has led to innovation in the form of virtual hotel operators, one of which is OYO. OYO is a VHO application with the highest rating found on  the Google playstore. OYO is one of the applications with millions of users. Of course, this cannot be separated from the ratings and reviews from users. The reviews contained in the playstore itself can contain positive, neutral or even negative opinions. Given the importance of user reviews to application development, this research classifies reviews on the OYO application to determine user sentiment. In this study, the data used is 2,000 data which will be classified into positive, neutral and negative sentiments. The Support vector machine algorithm was chosen because it is capable of producing high accuracy. Based on testing, the Radial basis function kernel is able to produce the highest accuracy among other kernels and by using a dataset division ratio of 80:20 the accuracy obtained is 78.98%. While testing using the Confusion matrix produces an accuracy of 80.36%.
Interfaces entre “O alienista” e a concepção de loucura de Foucault: uma saída para a alienação jurídica da loucura
Authors: Pinto Hilbert Melo Soares , Thomasi Tanise Zago
Published: January 2023

Este artigo, por meio de um estudo metodologicamente genealógico e jusliterário, busca articular os elementos da obra “O alienista” de Machado de Assis com o referencial teórico de Michel Foucault acerca das relações de saber e poder que se cingem sobre a loucura, para, então, analisar a estrutura normativa da ação de interdição em vigor no Brasil. Conclui-se que a interdição judicial contemporânea em muito se assemelha com o cenário de alienação narrado pelo escritor brasileiro, pois, diante de tantos sujeitos processuais, a voz do interditando se encontra ora dirigida por alguém, ora reprimida pelos estatutos, discursos e verdades infiltrados nessa técnica, tal como em um romance polifônico onde o interditando seria um mero figurante. Como possível “saída” para essa alienação jurídico-processual, sugere-se o caminho oposto: dar voz alta e protagonismo ao interditando.
Direitos humanos em “O prisioneiro” de Erico Verissimo: sobre a pluralidade dos prisioneiros, a crítica sobre as engrenagens e o dilema da tortura
Authors: Vieira Gustavo Oliveira , Seidel Batista Rafael Euclides
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho aborda a obra literária O prisioneiro, de Erico Verissimo, com o objetivo de propor uma reflexão sobre a proibição da prática de tortura, principalmente a partir do viés do Direito Internacional e dos Direitos Humanos. Para isso, o artigo explora o dilema da tortura vivenciado pelo personagem “Tenente” e o “Prisioneiro”, estabelecendo um diálogo entre a obra de Verissimo e os principais instrumentos jurídicos constitucionais, regionais e internacionais que visam repudiar, proibir e penalizar a prática dessa forma extrema de violência. Verifica-se a relevância e a atualidade da crítica social presente na obra O Prisioneiro para a atualidade, conjecturando-se também sobre a relação recíproca entre efetivação dos Direitos Humanos e avanço civilizatório.
A study on the introduction of psychological autopsy in the police organization
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Song Hye-jin
Published: January 2023

The police officer manages the initial measures and case records in the case of suicide against ordinary citizens, verifies the actual part of the suicide, and concludes the investigation by submitting formal records on the cause of suicide.
In addition, the Central Psychological Autopsy Center and the Metropolitan Mental Health Promotion Center are conducting psychological autopsy on ordinary citizens, and based on this, they propose policy proposals for suicide prevention. However, when a police officer commits suicide, psychological autopsy is not performed on them.
In this study, the number of post-traumatic stress and counseling is increasing in the case of police officers, and the suicide rate is not decreasing. Therefore, the issue of introducing a psychological autopsy center in the National Police Agency was raised by comparing the suicide rates of police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers The causes of suicide of police officers can be divided into personal problems and social problems. The personal problems are difficulties due to personal tendency, job-related problems and illnesses. The social causes are problems caused by low conflicts and support in the organization.
In addition, there are cases where the exact cause of the suicide of police officers due to the absence of the psychological autopsy center is not solved, which is why the police department insisted on introducing the psychological autopsy center.
Since the police are reluctant to disclose the part of counseling or post-suicide treatment due to the specificity of the organization, it is expected that the establishment of police officers in the office will contribute to lowering the suicide rate of police officers by establishing suicide prevention policies and accumulating databases based on the results of psychological autopsy.
In addition, the burden will be reduced if the police officers due to overwork are consulted with the mental companion center in the local government office rather than visiting each center.
Therefore, this study suggests ways to improve the system through the establishment of countermeasures manuals for police suicides and the establishment and revision of related legislation for the establishment of a dedicated organization.
Low Self-control and Moderated Mediated Effects of Child Maltreatment on Delinquency
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Yun Ilhong , Hong Sanghwang , Kweon Haesoo
Published: January 2023

Low self-control theory, one of the most prominent and influential criminological theories, posits that monitoring of child behaviors and discipline of child misbehaviors by parents are the key drivers of instilling self-control in children. The developmental neuroscience literature, however, demonstrates that parental attachment behaviors, or lack thereof (child maltreatment), are causally associated with the development of self-control. In the present study, drawing on the developmental neuroscience literature, we introduce the role that the orienting network in an infant's brain plays in the development of self-control. And then, in order to examine the complex pathways child maltreatment is linked to the two key correlates of delinquency, namely, low self-control and peer delinquency, we examined a mediated moderation as well as a moderated mediation using a South Korean adolescents sample. Results indicate that the indirect association between child maltreatment and delinquency via low self-control is conditioned by the level of peer delinquency.
Modeling tuberculosis transmission flow in China
Authors: wang li , Xu Chengdong , Hu Maogui , Wang Jinfeng , Qiao Jiajun , Chen Wei , Zhu Qiankun , Wang Zhipeng
Published: January 2023

Background:
China has the third largest number of TB cases in the world, and the average annual floating population in China is more than 200 million, the increasing floating population across regions has a tremendous potential for spreading infectious diseases, however, the role of increasing massive floating population in tuberculosis transmission is yet unclear in China.
Methods
14,027 tuberculosis flow data were derived from the new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in China. Spatial interaction model was used to model the tuberculosis flow and the regional socioeconomic factors.
Results
Tuberculosis transmission flow presented spatial heterogeneity. The Pearl River Delta in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta along China’s east coast presented as the largest destination and concentration areas of tuberculosis inflows. Socioeconomic factors were determinants of tuberculosis flow. Some impact factors showed different spatial associations with tuberculosis transmission flow. A 10% increase in per capita GDP was associated with 2.1% decrease in tuberculosis outflows from the provinces of origin, and 0.5% increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations and 18.9% increase in intraprovincial flow. Per capita net income of rural households and per capita disposable income of urban households were positively associated with tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in per capita net income corresponded to 3.6% increase in outflows from the origin, 12.8% increase in inflows to the destinations and 47.9% increase in intraprovincial flows. Tuberculosis incidence had positive impacts on tuberculosis flows. A 10% increase in the number of tuberculosis cases corresponded to 1.1% increase in tuberculosis inflows to the destinations, 2.0% increase in outflows from the origins, and 2.2% increase in intraprovincial flows.
Conclusions
Tuberculosis flows had clear spatial stratified heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation, regional socio-economic characteristics had diverse and statistical significant effects on tuberculosis flows in the origin and destination, and income factor played an important role among the determinants.
The Effects of a Single Blood Donation on the Lipid Profile, Iron Storage and Enzymatic Antioxidants
Authors: Kharaz Abdulrhman , Aljohani Abdulaziz , Almalki Abdullah , Alnawajha Mostafa , Alnozha Omar , Aloufi Faisal , Mirza Ahmed A.
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global illness causing 31% of global mortality. Though many factors contribute to CVD, oxidative stress advances atherosclerosis through several complementary components, such as the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron. Blood donation may decrease the risk of CVD due to reducing the iron level. Literature reported that blood donors have a lower risk of CVD, possibly due to the lower iron levels. Various effects of blood donation are involved in preventing type II diabetes. However, little is known of the exact mechanism of the benefits of blood donation. In this study, samples were collected from 33 healthy male participants pre- (1 day) and post-donation (1 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks) and the effect of the blood donation on the iron, lipids and enzymatic antioxidants profiles were assessed. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used for comparing the quantitative variables between the visits. We found that the iron decreased significantly by week 1 (–25.3%). Ferritin decreased significantly at weeks 1, 2, and 3 (–26.3%, − 40.3%, − 36.7%, respectively). The superoxide dismutase increased significantly at post-donation day 1, weeks 1, 2, and 3 (17.9%,35.7%, 31.1%, 36.6%, respectively) and in correlation with time [r(165) = 0.50,P < 0 .01]. Glutathione peroxide decreased significantly at week 1 (–25.0%). Glutathione reductase decreased significantly 1-day post donation (–5.7%) then increased over the next three weeks [r(165) = 0.3,P < 0.01]. Finally, the lipids were significantly reduced 24 hours after the donation but not at week 1, 2 and 3. We conclude that blood donation, resulting in a lowered body iron concentration, is an effective way to increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, which prevent the initiation of lipid oxidation. Our results could be used to advocate for the benefits of blood donation. However, further studies are required to assess the role of blood donation in plaque formation and arteriosclerosis.
Terms used by healthcare professionals to describe opioid use disorder
Authors: Negaard Briana , Kobuzi Helena , Polgreen Linnea
Published: January 2023

Background
Using prescription opioids for a long period of time or at high doses can increase the risk of developing opioid use disorder (OUD). Whether a patient has an official diagnosis of OUD or not can change medical practice regarding how that individual is treated. It is imperative to be aware of who may have an undiagnosed OUD in order to avoid potential negative events such as infectious diseases associated with intravenous drug use. The purpose of this research project is to identify unique words and phrases healthcare professionals commonly use to describe patients with OUD.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a tertiary care academic medical center. We included all patients with a diagnosis of OUD who had an encounter with a clinician in 2018. The chart notes from a specific appointment were reviewed to identify any unique terms or phrases used by the healthcare professionals in this note. The unique terms found were reported as a number and rate that represents how many chart notes it appeared in overall.
Results
Overall, 297 encounters in the electronic medical record were analyzed for terms associated with OUD. Of the 297 encounters reviewed, 83 notes had no mention of OUD, and 214 notes were found to have unique terms associated with OUD with a total of 322 unique terms and phrases identified. Opioid use disorder was the most used term occurring in 95 of the 297 (32.0%) encounters. A phrase or term containing the word “opioid” was found in 154 of the 297 (51.9%) notes. Suboxone was the second most common term found in 53 (17.8%) notes. Other common terms included cravings (49, 16.5%), relapse (42, 14.1%), and trigger (26, 8.8%).
Conclusions
OUD often goes undiagnosed. Knowing these key words and searching for them can assist healthcare professionals in identifying patients with undiagnosed OUD.
OPED: an optimal prime editing guide RNA designer based on deep learning and transfer learning
Authors: Shu Wenjie , Liu Feng , Huang Shuhong , Hu Jiongsong , Chen Xiaozhou , Song Ziguo , Dong Junguo , Liu Yao , Huang Xingxu , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Shengqi
Published: January 2023

Prime editors (PEs) are promising genome editing tools, but efficiency pre-testing of prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) design is still laborious and time-consuming due to the lack of accurate and universal approaches. Here, we design a customized attention-based model OPED and train it using transfer learning to improve the accuracy and universality of efficiency prediction and design optimal pegRNAs. We demonstrate its powerful generalization capability across diverse published test datasets. Furthermore, we extend OPED to design optimal pegRNAs and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to install various ClinVar human pathogenic variants, and 28 of 30 (93.33%) target sites yield desired variants with few byproducts and practical editing efficiencies of up to 29.30%, 82.84%, and 90.05% for PE2, PE3/PE3b, and ePE systems, respectively. We construct the OPEDVar database of optimal designs from over two billion candidates for all ClinVar variants and provide a user-friendly web application of OPED for any intended edit.
Functional Somatic Symptoms in Emergency Department Frequent Presenters
Authors: Garde Vidula , Thornton Katherine B. , Pardon Madelyn , Gangathimmaiah Vinay , Mallett Andrew J , Greenslade Jaimi , Watt Kerrianne
Published: January 2023

Background: Patients with Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS) are frequently encountered within healthcare settings such as Emergency Departments (ED). There is limited research regarding characterisation and frequency of FSS within frequent presenters to ED and no previous Australian evidence. This study aims to fill this gap.
Methods: A retrospective, single-centre study of frequent ED presenters over a 6-month period was undertaken. Patients with >3 re-presentations/month were reviewed for the presence of FSS using Stephenson and Price’s 1 categorisation of FSS. Patients were divided into three groups – FSS, possible FSS (pos-FSS) and non-FSS. The characteristics of these groups were compared using descriptive statistics (chi-square tests, ANOVA). Person-time at risk during the 6-month study period was estimated for patients in each group and incidence of ED presentation for each group was then calculated. Psychological distress indicators for ED presenters with FSS, as noted by the treating clinician, were also analysed.
Results: 11% (71/638) of frequent ED presenters were categorised as having FSS and 17% (109/638) as having possible FSS (pos-FSS). Mean ED presentations in the FSS group during the study period were significantly higher than in the non-FSS and pos-FSS groups (p<.01). Anxiety was found to be the primary psychological distress indicator associated with ED presentations with FSS.
Conclusion: We found that, amongst frequent ED presenters, patients with FSS presented significantly more frequently to ED than those without FSS. We propose revising the model of care for FSS in ED to promote appropriate referral to therapy services as a possible demand reduction strategy to improve patient care and efficiency in ED.
Reprogramming the Human Gut Microbiome Reduces Dietary Energy Harvest
Authors: Smith Steven , Corbin Karen , Carnero Elvis , Dirks Blake , Igudesman Daria , Yi Fanchao , Marcus Andrew , Davis Taylor , Pratley Richard , Rittmann Bruce , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of host energy balance1. We conducted a quantitative bioenergetics study aimed at understanding microbial and host factors contributing to energy balance. We used a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) to reprogram the gut microbiome by delivering more dietary substrates to the colon and randomized healthy participants into a within-subject crossover study with a Western Diet (WD) as a comparator. In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal, urinary, and methane)2. The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions. The MBD led to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host by channeling more energy to the colon and microbes. The MBD drove significant shifts in microbial biomass, community structure, and fermentation, with parallel alterations to the host enteroendocrine system and without altering appetite or energy expenditure. Host metabolizable energy on the MBD had quantitatively significant interindividual variability, which was associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiota experimentally and colonic transit time and short-chain fatty acid absorption in silico. Our results provide key insights into how a diet designed to optimize the gut microbiome lowers host metabolizable energy in healthy humans.
Extruded urea levels in lamb supplementation in rainy tropical savanna conditions: the triad host-gastrointestinal nematodes-environment
Authors: Roberto Francisca Fernanda da Silva , Difante Gelson dos Santos , Costa Roberto Germano , Borges Fernando de Almeida , Ítavo Luis Carlos Vinhas , Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Rodrigues Jéssica Gomes , Pereira Marislayne de Gusmão , Monteiro Gabriela Oliveira de Aquino , Véras Emmanuel Lievio de Lima , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Costa Carolina Marques , Costa Ana Beatriz Graciano da
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of extruded urea (EU, Amireia®) in the diet of lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes on the interactions in the host-pasture-soil components in edaphoclimatic conditions of the tropical rainy savanna. 60 Texel lambs with a mean initial weight of 20.7±0.87 and mean age of 2.5±0.70 months were distributed in a completely randomized design, in five treatments consisting of different levels: 0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 grams g 100 kg-1 live weight (LW) of EU in the supplement of lambs in Brachiaria spp. The performance of lambs, parasitological variables, gastrointestinal nematodes (NGIs), and larvae recovery in pasture and soil were evaluated. The highest animal performance was observed in animals that received 0 to 18 g kg-1 LW (146.0 g day-1) and the lowest in animals supplemented with 24 g kg-1 LW (81.0 g day-1 ) of EU. The body condition score (BCS) was similar in the animals (P>0.05). Parasitic infection did not differ as a function of EU level (P>0.05). Eggs of Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp were found. The largest amount of larvae in the L1/L2 and L3 stages was recovered in the pastures occupied by the animals that received supplementation 0 g kg-1 LW of EU (750 larvae), the smallest in those that the animals received 6 g 100 kg-1 LW of EU (54 larvae). The presence of larvae in the L1/L2 stages changed significantly (P<0.05) in the soil, in the other stages it did not differ in the soil. Increasing levels of extruded urea do not influence the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) count. The 0 to 18 g 100 kg-1 LW level maintains animal performance, BCS and FAMACHA©. There is less dispersal of NGI larvae in pasture and soil when EU levels increase in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the rainy tropical savannah.
Distinct transcriptional profiles of HIV- and CMV-specific CD8 T cells in HIV progressors and long-term non-progressors
Authors: Pul Lisa van , Stunnenberg Melissa , Boeser-Nunnink Brigitte , Harskamp Agnes , Geijtenbeek Teunis , Kootstra Neeltje
Published: January 2023

Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infected individuals cannot eliminate the HIV reservoir and immune control of HIV is rarely seen upon treatment interruption. In long-term non-progressors (LTNP), an effective CD8 T cell response is thought to contribute to be immune control of HIV. Here we studied the transcriptional profile of virus specific CD8 T cells to gain molecular insights in CD8 T cell functionality in HIV progressors and LTNP. Principal component analysis revealed distinct overall transcriptional profiles between the groups. The transcription profile of HIV-specific CD8 T cells of LTNP groups was associated with increased protein/RNA metabolism pathways, indicating an increased CD8 T cell functionality. In contrast, CMV-specific CD8 T cells from progressors showed increased expression of genes related to effector functions and suggests recent antigen exposure. Our data shows that changes in the energy demanding RNA and protein metabolism may drive dysfunctionality of HIV-specific T cells changes during chronic HIV infection.
Is RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System Suitable for Application in Bilateral Wilms Tumor?
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Jiang Hong , Wu Chenglin , Liu Longshan , Huang Mingchuan , Fu Qian , Liu Juncheng , Li Jun , Zhang Huanxi , Wang Changxi
Published: January 2023

Purpose The RENAL nephrometry scoring system has been validated to predict adult kidney tumor complexity. This study aims to explore the application of RENAL nephrometry scoring system in bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT).
Methods A retrospective review of patients with BWT from January 2010 to June 2022 was performed. Each kidney unit was evaluated independently by 2 blinded reviewers, discrepancies were evaluated by a third reviewer to reach a consensus. Tumor anatomical characteristics were summarized and compared.
Results 29 patients with 53 kidney units were included in the study. 53 kidney units included 12 (22.6%) low-complexity, 9 (17.0%) intermediate-complexity, and 32 (60.4%) high-complexity. 2 kidney units (3.8%) had tumor thrombus, and 14 (26.4%) had multiple lesions. A total of 42 kidney units (79.2%) underwent initial nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and 11 (20.8%) underwent radical nephrectomy. Less complexity tumors were observed in the NSS group. Of the 42 kidney units undergoing initial NSS, 26 were performed in vivo and 16 ex vivo via autotransplantation. The latter group featured a higher complexity. During follow-up, 22 patients survived and 7 died, no statistically significant tumor complexity was observed between the two groups.
Conclusion The anatomical characteristics of tumors in the BWT population are complex. Despite this study did not indicate that the complexity correlated with prognosis, low-complexity tumors were candidates for NSS, and kidney autotransplantation provided a feasible procedure for high-complexity tumors. Given the presence the multiple lesions and tumor thrombus, a refined system is required.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4 ) Nanoparticles with Different Polymer Coating Agents
Authors: Karimova Aynura , Shirinova Habiba , Nargiz Gurbanli , Nuriyeva Sevinj , Gahramanli Lala
Published: January 2023

In the present study, the influence of the organic stabilizers on the formation of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles was investigated. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), dextran (DEX), and chitosan was chosen as biocompatible surface modification agents for obtained magnetic nanoparticles. The structure of the coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was learned by the X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic methods. It was explored that the PEG coated magnetic nanoparticles have relatively larger crystallite sizes, which indicate a more ordered crystal structure of these nanoparticles. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis showed that the Fe3O4-PEG system possesses a stronger nanoparticle-stabilizer interaction at the supramolecular level. This study emphasizes the significance of optimizing the surface properties of magnetic nanoparticles when using them in biomedical applications.
An environmentally friendly method for extraction of Cobalt and Molybdenum from spent catalysts using deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
Authors: Ebrahimi Ehsan , Safari Hassan , Rezaee Mohammad , Rezaei Ali , Abdollahi Hadi
Published: January 2023

There has been a substantially increasing demand for Energy Critical Elements (ECEs) in recent years as energy-related technology has advanced rapidly. Spent catalysts are known as potential sources of ECCs such as Ni, Co, Mo, W, V, and rare earth elements. This study developed an environmentally friendly process for recovering cobalt and molybdenum from spent hydroprocessing catalysts using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). High metal extraction of 93% and 87% were respectively achieved for cobalt and molybdenum at optimum conditions (100°C, pulp density of 20 g/L, and 48 hours) using p-toluenesulfonic acid based DESs. FT-IR and H-NMR analyses were conducted to determine whether hydrogen bonds form between p-toluenesulfonic acid-based DES components. Leaching kinetic models were also developed for DES systems. It was found that shrinking core models fit well with the experimental results. The kinetic studies proved that the diffusion through the product layer was the leaching controlling step of DES-1 (PEG-400:PTSA) with an activation energy of 22.56, and 29.34 kJ/mol for Co and Mo, respectively. On the other hand, DES-2 (ChCl:PTSA) correlates well with the activation energies of 38.09 (cobalt) and 31.48 kJ/mol (molybdenum), indicating that reaction appears to be limited by the mixed control reaction model. This study provides an effective new approach for planning and running ionometallurgical processes in the recycling sector while paying attention to concerns for sustainable development.
Living with Stigmatized Identity: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Lived Experiences of patients with Chronic Illness in Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Mohammed , Mekonnen Hussen , Derseh Lema , Lindgren Helena , Erlandsson Kerstin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: - Anticipated stigma or the fear of future prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping is a bad experience that harms the mental and physical well-being of individuals with chronic illnesses. Exploring the lived experiences of anticipated stigma is crucial for enhancing the standard of care for all patients, especially in countries with few resources. With this context, the goal of this study was to explore the experiences of chronic illness patients who attended follow-up clinics in the Amhara Region Referral Hospitals in Ethiopia.
Methods: Twelve participants with chronic illnesses were interviewed using semi-structured questions after being purposefully chosen from the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital and Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital. The data were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological inductive approach.
Results: - The overarching category was "Living with stigmatized identities." The three main themes identified were chronic illness, altered self, and suggested solutions to handle disease-related consequences and the disease outcome. Behavioral changes, discrimination, health service-related factors, stigma, solutions, and signs of the disease outcome were the six superordinate themes.
Conclusion: - Our conclusion that a stigmatized identity incorporates significant experiences related to chronic illnesses and an altered self leads us to recommend solutions that address both the disease's symptoms and its side effects. Reorganizing chronic care systems, using evidence-based protocols, improving patient education about opportunities and challenges, expanding access to senior chronic care experts, such as chronic care nurses, and expanding the availability of clinical management at the closest healthcare facility are among the interventions that are effective in improving outcomes in this group of patients.
Bioinspired 5-caffeoylquinic acid capped silver nanoparticles using Coffee arabica leaf extract for high-sensitive cysteine detection
Authors: Haridas E. S. Harsha , Bhattacharya Susmita , Varma M. K. Ravi , Chandra Goutam Kumar
Published: January 2023

Along with health concern, choosing of plants as bioactive phytochemical source to synthesize nanoparticles is highly demanding due to the biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and cost-effectiveness over other available physical and chemical methods. Here, for the first time, Coffee arabica leaf extracts (CAE) were used to produce highly stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and corresponding bio reduction, capping and stabilization mechanism mediated by 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) is discussed. UV-Vis, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, DLS and Zeta potential analyzer measurements were used to characterize these green synthesized NPs. The affinity of 5-CQA capped CAE-AgNPs to thiol moiety of amino acid is utilized for the selective as well as sensitive detection of L-cysteine (Cys) to a low detection limit of 0.1nM. Hence, the proposed novel, simple, eco-friendly, and economically sustainable method can provide a promising nanoplatform in the field of biosensors which is compliant with large-scale industrial production of AgNPs without aid of instruments.
A ‘Chaîne Opératoire’ Perspective on Iron Age II Judean Cooking Pots
Authors: Bouzaglou Liora , Ben-Shlomo David
Published: January 2023

The study presented here deals with the manufacturing technologies of cooking pots in Iron Age II Judah (ca. 1,000-586 BCE). This is the first comprehensive technological study carried out on Iron Age pottery in the Levant and one of the most extensive studies on ancient cooking ware. Two aspects were studied on an assemblage of ca. 500 cooking pots: paste preparation with a highlight on temper analyses as well as fashioning and finishing techniques. The research is conducted as a part of a substantial multi-disciplinary study of cooking ware in Iron Age Judah, combining technological, typological, petrographic, and chemical aspects. New cooking pot types appeared during the Iron Age II, with the apparent existence of regional production centers for cooking pots in this period. The results indicate that the cooking pots were made by three main fashioning techniques, reflecting a stable technical and technological continuity alongside the rise of specialized production in various regional production centers. Temper analysis carried out through petrography shows a slow shift from calcite-calcareous tempering towards quartz tempering (which may be partly or entirely naturally present in the clay selected). These results will also be discussed in relation to the morphological typology of the vessels and petro-fabrics identified in the more extensive study. Resting on several analytical methods, this paper aims to characterize the cooking pot production system, thus providing insights into Iron Age Judah's pottery craft organization.
P and S-wave Attenuation in the Northern Region of the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Sanchez Elsy Marleth Torres , Castro Raúl Ramon
Published: January 2023

We determine attenuation functions and estimates of the quality factor Q for both P and S waves in the Gulf of California, Mexico. We use seismograms from the Broadband Seismological Network of the Gulf of California (RESBAN) operated by the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE). The database consisted of 64 earthquakes with Mw between 4.5 and 6.6 and hypocentral distances between 30 km and 350 km. Attenuation functions were determined from a nonparametric model obtained by inverting observed spectral amplitudes of 25 frequencies between 0.1 Hz and 25.12 Hz. To estimate Qp and Qs, three geometric dispersion functions were defined: one frequency dependent and two frequency independent. We find that the estimates of Q depend strongly on the geometric dispersion function adopted. Estimates of Q obtained for the hypocentral distance from 30 km to 350 km indicate that P-wave attenuation is larger than S-wave attenuation regardless of the geometrical spreading function used. When using the frequency-dependent geometric dispersion we estimate that QP = 224.6f 1.10 and QS = 244.7f 1.17. In general, the high values of Qp and Qs suggests that the northern Gulf of California consists of a continental crust, possibly containing rocks with low fluid content and that the likely high-pressure present in that region could generate a decrease in attenuation due to the closure of pores in the rock. In addition, the values of the Qs/Qp ratio suggest that the rocks in that region must have a low fluid content.
Engineering Broad-spectrum Inhibitors of Inflammatory Chemokines from a New Family of Tick Evasins
Authors: Devkota Shankar , Aryal Pramod , Jiao Wanting , Perry Andrew , Panjikar Santosh , Payne Richard , Wilce Matthew , Bhusal Ram , Stone Martin
Published: January 2023

Chemokines, the key regulators of leukocyte trafficking, are attractive targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. Evasins are anti-inflammatory, chemokine-binding proteins found in tick saliva, with important therapeutic potential. However, therapeutic application of evasins will require manipulation of their chemokine target selectivity. Here we describe a new family of evasins, class A3 evasins, that is unique to the tick genus Amblyomma and distinguished from “classical” class A1 evasins by an additional disulfide-bonded pair of cysteine residues near the chemokine recognition interface. The class A3 evasin EVA-AAM1001 (EVA-A) bound to CC chemokines and inhibited their receptor activation. However, unlike class A1 evasins, EVA-A did not utilise N- and C-terminal regions to differentiate chemokine targets. Instead, structures of EVA-A bound to four chemokines revealed a deep hydrophobic pocket, unique to class A3 evasins, that interacts with the residue immediately following the CC motif of the chemokine (the “CC+1” residue). The preference of EVA-A for chemokines with aliphatic CC+1 residues results from negative selection against binding of aromatic CC+1 residues into this pocket. Consequently, mutations to alleviate this negative selection yielded broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitors. This study illustrates that class A3 evasins are an excellent platform for engineering proteins with targeted chemokine binding selectivity for applications in research, diagnosis or anti-inflammatory therapy.
Laser Surface Remelting in Single-Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy using a Continuous Wave Fiber Laser
Authors: Nandam Srinivasa Rao , Rao A Venugopal , Gokhale Amol A ,   Suhas S Joshi1
Published: January 2023

Single-crystal (SC) nickel-based superalloy castings offer high temperature microstructural stability and superior creep resistance, due to which they are extensively used in the hot sections of gas turbine engines. However, SC nickel-base superalloy components are difficult-to-cut while manufacturing. Worldwide research shows an interest in improving the machinability of the superalloys. The present work is introducing the controlled surface damage on CMSX-4 superalloy through laser surface remelting technique towards the improvement of machinability. The specimens were laser-treated using a constant laser power and scan speed, and varying the positive focal position to get a range of energy densities. The process, structure and property were systematically studied in the fusion zone (FZ). The FZ shape changed from keyhole to conduction mode with increasing focal position. The FZ showed a finer assorted dendritic structure and less severe elemental segregation than the base metal (BM). In keyhole mode penetration, large pores, and multi-directional cracks were observed in the root region. On the other hand, the conductive mode showed only vertical centreline cracks and no significant porosity. The cracks are attributed to thermal stresses and elemental segregation produced during solidification. Microcracking was also observed near the fusion boundary and is attributed to the presence of low melting Mo and Ti-rich eutectics. The FZ away from the cracks showed 10% lower hardness than the BM, which is attributed to the dissolution of 𝛾¢phase. Overall, the laser processing under the given range of energy densities produced a wide variants of surface defects in the FZ.
Highlights:
♣ Laser surface remelting was performed on a single crystal nickel-based superalloy.
♣ The effect of focal position of a CW fiber laser on surface defects and property was investigated.
♣ The working range of energy densities for keyhole and conduction mode were derived.
♣ The surface defects and property of keyhole and conduction mode were evaluated.
Path Planning in Three-Dimensional Space Based on Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Mazaheri Hakimeh , Goli Salman , Nourollah Ali
Published: January 2023

Path planning is one of the most issues in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Many researchers have addressed this problem, but modeling the 3-dimensional space is an open issue. we first grids the environment using geometrical shapes. This can reduce the random states of cell decomposition and increases the computational speed. We then propose an effective routing algorithm based on the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA). It can simultaneously optimize multiple objectives. The proposed algorithm uses an objective function to compute the shortest path, based on obstacle avoidance and the UAV's operational power minimization.The throw agent prevents the collision of the UAV with the obstacles using geometrical techniques and contour lines. The simulation results show that BOA has the least and second-least cost in best-case and worst-case scenarios in comparison with other algorithms. Its run time and the optimal value of the fitting function are also better than the two other algorithms.
Species diversity of the Cereus genus (Cactaceae) in Brazilian biomes evaluated by molecular marker with reproducibility and speed in carrying out experiments
Authors: Domingues Sanny Damazio , Mangolin Claudete Aparecida , Santos Everaldo dos , Machado Maria de Fátima Pires da Silva
Published: January 2023

Background
In the last two decades, molecular markers have been used as an additional tool to characterize and identify cactus species of the Cereus genus. The hypothesis in the present study is that inter simple sequence repeats of DNA (ISSR) may contribute to reveal the molecular divergence at DNA level between Cereus plants from different Brazilian biomes.
Methods and Results
Polymorphisms in ISSRs were used as molecular markers to evaluate genetic diversity and divergence among Cereus plants in the Atlantic Forest, Pampa, Cerrado, Caatinga, Amazon Forest, and Pantanal biomes cultivated in in the south (S), southeast (SE), Midwest (MW), north (NO) and northeast (NE) of Brazil. The polymorphism rates were higher in plants from the S and the highest genetic divergences were observed between plants from MW and NE, S and MW and S and NE regions. Plants from the MW in the Pantanal biome were the most divergent. The 198 ISSR segments indicated occurrence of only a species of Cereus in the south.
Conclusion
ISSR markers showed high reproducibility, ease, and rapidity in carrying out the experiments and low cost compared to SSR markers and was useful to group plants of Cereus from the same biome and to discriminate plants from different biomes.
"In silico" evidence of robust Majorana zero modes in artificial spin chains on superconducting substrates
Authors: Nyari Bendeguz , Laszloffy Andras , Csire Gabor , Szunyogh Laszlo , Ujfalussy Balazs
Published: January 2023

We present a first-principles computational approach based on a microscopic relativistic theory of inhomogeneous superconductivity to scrutinize edge states of magnetic chains deposited on the surface of superconductors. Detailed investigations of an iron chain on the top of Au-covered Nb(110) have been carried out with quantitative predictions together with studies of quantities well beyond the reach of experimental capabilities to uniquely identify the topological phase. We confirm that ferromagnetic Fe chains on Au/Nb(110) surface does not support any Majorana Zero Mode (MZM); however, a broad range of spin-spirals can be identified with a robust zero energy state displaying signatures of MZMs. For these spirals, we explore the structure of various superconducting order parameters and the role of spin-orbit coupling. Through additional computational experiments, we provide evidence that MZMs are localized to the boundaries of the topological region of the chain. The robustness of the MZM states is also demonstrated, representing a huge step toward potential experimental realizations.
Guidance of adjuvant instillation in intermediate risk non- muscle invasive bladder cancer by drug screens in patient derived organoids. A Single center, Open-label, Phase II trial. GAIN-INST-Trial
Authors: Seiler Roland , Egger Martin , De Menna Marta , Wehrli Saskia , Minoli Martina , Radić Martina , Lyatoshinsky Pavel , Hoesli Raphael , Blarer Jennifer , Abt Dominik , Julio Marianna De-Kruithof
Published: January 2023

Background: In intermediate risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) clinical guidelines suggest an adjuvant instillation with a chemotherapeutic agent. However, the agent and regimen are not clearly defined. Worldwide, less than 15% of patients receive this adjuvant chemotherapeutic instillation. We recently developed a pipeline for the generation of patient derived organoids (PDO) in NMIBC. In this phase II trial, we aim to use our in vitro pipeline to select the most effective drug for chemotherapeutic instillation in NMIBC patients.
Methods: Patients with first diagnosis of intermediate risk NMIBC that are directed to TURBT are enrolled. During TURBT, tumor is sampled, and specimens are directed to generate PDOs. Once the PDOs are formed, drug screens on them for Epirubicin, Mitomycin C, Gemcitabine and Docetaxel are performed. The drug with the highest antitumor activity in vitro will then be selected for 6 adjuvant intravesical instillations once weekly. Thereafter, patients are followed according to clinical guidelines by cystoscopy.
Discussion: The aim of this trial is to use drug screens in PDO to precise treatment selection for adjuvant instillation therapies in patients with intermediate risk NMIBC. The ultimate goal of this trail is to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. In the future, we aim to conduct clinical multicenter trials with an increased sample size, a broader panel of compounds and a focus on the reduction of cancer recurrence by precision delivery of care.
Trial registration: NCT05024734
Feasibility and efficiency of delayed ovarian stimulation and oocyte banking for fertility preservation after fertility-impairing treatment
Authors: MIQUEL Laura , LIOTTA Julie , HOURS Alice , BOTTIN Pauline , CASTEL Pierre , PERRIN Jeanne , GUILLEMAIN Catherine , COURBIERE Blandine
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of delayed ovarian stimulation and oocyte banking for fertility preservation after fertility-impairing treatment regardless of the initial disease.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study based on population of women < 40 years of age with diminished ovarian reserve (n = 129). Three groups of women were compared according to the type of initial disease: hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and benign diseases. The endpoints were the number of metaphase II oocytes collected per woman, whether vitrified or immediately used in in vitro fertilization and the cumulative live birth rate per stimulation cycle.
Results
We studied 245 delayed controlled ovarian stimulation cycles in 129 women: 201 for fertility preservation and 44 for in vitro fertilization and fresh embryo transfers. The number of metaphase II oocytes collected per woman after oocyte banking was similar in the three groups, with a mean of 10.7 ± 4.6, 12.3 ± 9.1 and 10.1 ± 7.6 oocytes (NS), respectively. The cumulative live birth rate was 38%, with 8 live births for the 21 women who wanted to conceive.
Conclusion
After fertility-impairing treatment, practitioners should discuss a fertility preservation procedure for banking oocytes, even if a fertility preservation has already been performed.