bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Scenario Simulation for Urban Sprawl Based on Population Dynamics: A Methodological Proposal
Authors: Bressane Adriano , Mota Maurício Tavares da , Fengler Felipe Hashimoto , Roveda José Arnaldo Frutuoso , Roveda Sandra Regina Monteiro Masalskiene , Medeiros Gerson Araujo de , Ribeiro Admilson Írio
Published: February 2019

The urban sprawl implies in the reduction of rural production areas and increases the pressure on the natural spaces. Hence, if the urbanization does not occur properly, it can compromise sanitary conditions, biodiversity, resources and environmental services. This paper aims at presenting a mathematical model to support urban sprawl based on population dynamics, applied as a case study in the Economic Hub of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba - MRS. The materials corresponded to census data and urban planning parameters of the applicable law. As a result, it was found that the urban extension of Sorocaba is oversized, and that the maintenance of the current conditions and guidelines will have critical consequences, requiring a change in local politics. We conclude that the proposed model can support strategic decisions, preventing problems related to disordered growth.
The Management of Water Resources in a Disputed Border: The Case of Gazivoda Reservoir (Kosovo)
Authors: Bernabé-Crespo Miguel Borja , Peña-Ramos José Antonio
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to study the importance of a good management of the Gazivoda reservoir. In the instable region of Balkans, water is considered a strategic resource. Crossing the disputed border between Kosovo and Serbia, Gazivoda’s water plays an important role for economies and water supply in both countries. The desire of controlling Gazivoda may disrupt the relationship that Kosovo and Serbia report. Claims from ethnic minorities of Serbs in Kosovo, and Albanians in Serbia might pose risks to current frontiers. Borders need to be respected to achieve stability. Foreign models of cooperation can be followed in order to achieve a good management successful for society on both sides of the border.
Elaboração e Caracterização de Filmes Biodegradáveis de Amido de Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill e Glicerol
Authors: Fernandes Adriana Dos Santos , Cardoso Jocielle Conceição de Oliveira , Gomes Jacqueline Nascimento , Ascheri Diego Palmiro Ramirez
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi a elaboração e caracterização de filmes biodegradáveis de amido da fruta-do-lobo e glicerol. Os filmes foram submetidos a análise de imagem e microscópica teste de espessura, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, testes mecânicos e ensaio de biodegradação. Os filmes apresentaram bom aspecto visual e tiveram suas propriedades influenciadas a partir do incremento de glicerol, tornando-se mais flexíveis e menos deformáveis, conforme comprovado pelo módulo de elasticidade, que diminuiu de 706,84 Mpa para 463,60 Mpa com aumento na concentração de glicerol de 5% para 20%.  O filme mais espesso (0,123 mm), o mais solúvel (54%) e com maior permeabilidade ao vapor de água (4,3 x 10-4 g mm m-2 h-1 KPa-1), foi aquele elaborado com 20% de  glicerol. O ensaio de biodegradação confirmou a degradação dos filmes num tempo máximo de 60 dias. Os resultados sugerem a utilização dos filmes como embalagens para alimentos.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Treatment of Novel Psychotropic Drug, 8- (Trifluoromethyl)-1, 2, 3, 4, 5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine Hydrochloride (TC-2153), on the Behavior of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio): A Comparison with Fluoxetine
Authors: Kulikov Alexander , Sinyakova Nadezhda , Kulikova Elizabeth , Khomenko Tatyana , Salakhutdinov Nariman , Kulikov Victor , Volcho Konstantin
Published: February 2019

Background:

Striatal-enriched Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) plays a key role in the
mechanisms of neuronal signaling and is a potential molecular target for new generation of
psychotropic drugs. STEP inhibitor, 8-(trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine
hydrochloride (TC-2153), shows anxiolytic effect on mice. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a suitable
model for the study of anxiety pharmacology.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of acute and chronic TC-2153
treatment on zebrafish anxiety-related behavior.

Methods:

The effects of acute (0.125 and 0.25 mg/l, 3 h) and chronic (0.125 mg/l, 14 days)
administration of TC-2153 on locomotion and anxiety-related behavior (time spent near the bottom
and mean distance from the bottom) of adult zebrafish in the Novel Tank (NT) test were compared
with those of the same doses of fluoxetine chosen as a positive control.

Results:

Acute treatment with 0.125 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l of TC-2153 or fluoxetine decreased time
spent near the bottom, increased time spent near the surface and increased mean distance from the
bottom of tank. Chronic treatment with 0.125 mg/l of TC-2153 reduced only time spent near the
tank bottom without any effect on time spent near the surface and mean distance from the bottom,
while chronic administration of 0.125 mg/l of fluoxetine altered these three indices of anxiety.

Conclusion:

Both acute and chronic TC-2153 produces anxiety-like effect indicating STEP
involved in the mechanism of anxiety-related behavior in zebrafish. At the same time, chronic
treatment with TC-2153 reduced locomotor activity. Zebrafish is a promising laboratory object to
study the role of STEP in the nervous system.
Nitric Oxide Synthases and Their Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Mittal Anshika , Kakkar Rita
Published: February 2019

Nitric Oxide (NO), an important biological mediator, is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems in mammals. Synthesis of NO is catalyzed by its biosynthetic enzyme, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). There are three main isoforms of the enzyme, neuronal NOS, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS, which have very similar structures but differ in their expression and activities. NO is produced in the active site of the enzyme in two distinct cycles from oxidation of the substrate L-arg (L-arginine) in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reaction. NOS has gained considerable attention of biochemists due to its complexity and unique catalytic mechanism. The review focuses on NOS structure, its function and catalytic reaction mechanism. In particular, the review is concluded with a discussion on the role of all three isoforms of NOS in physiological and pathological conditions and their inhibitors with a focus on the role of computational techniques in their development.
Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Microextraction of Thymol and Carvacrol in Pharmaceutical Products Using Graphene Oxide as an Adsorbent Prior to Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ghobadloo Parvin Abedi , Hamidi Samin , Nemati Mahboob , Jahed Fatemeh Soghra
Published: February 2019

Background:

Thymol and carvacrol are the most important dietary constituents in thyme
species. These two active compounds are used for the standardization of pharmaceutical compounds.

Objective:

In this work, a simple and reliable ultrasonic assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction
method (USA-DSPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection
system was developed to determine thymol and carvacrol in pharmaceutical syrups. The efficiency of
SPME sorbent was examined through several sorbents and finally Graphene Oxide (GO) was applied
for extraction of the analytes. Method: The efficiency of GO was compared with three reduced forms of
GO adsorbents as well. Several effective factors on the extraction performance were investigated.

Results:

Under the optimized conditions for the GO sorbent, inter and intra-day relative standard deviations
(RSDs, n = 3) and the Limits of Detections (LODs) were lower than 5.0% and 0.02 μg/ml, respectively.
Moreover, good linear ranges were observed in wide concentration ranges with R-squared
larger than 0.9961 for both thymol and carvacrol.

Conclusion:

The present method is reliable and simple for determination of carvacrol and thymol in
pharmaceutical products.
Treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients after kidney transplantation depending on type of vascular anastomosis: results of short-term follow up study
Authors: Zagitov A. R. , Mukhamedyanov F. N. , Izmailov A. A. , Kutliyarov L. M. , Pavlov V. N.
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with chronic kidney disease stage V is from 60 to 80%. At the same time, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients after kidney transplantation remains high at up to 60%. One of the possible causes of erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation is considered a decrease in arterial inflow to the cavernous bodies of the penis.

Objectives. Тo evaluate the results of treatment of ED in patients after KT, depending on the vascular anastomosis.

Materials and methods. 84 patients with a functioning kidney after transplantation were examined. All patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I – 38 patients undergoing KT with arterial vascular anastomosis with an internal iliac artery; Group II – 46 patients undergoing kidney transplantation with arterial vascular anastomosis to external iliac artery; Group III – 35 healthy volunteers (control group) with no history of urological diseases or surgical interventions on the pelvic organs. International Index of Erectile Function Index (IIEF-5) was used to assess erectile function. An ultrasound study with dopplerography of the penile arteries was performed before and after intracavernous pharmacological stress. For treating patients with erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation were used PDE-5 inhibitors (Tadalafil® 5 mg daily for 3 months, then at a dose of 20 mg “on demand”), a special set of exercises for the muscles of the pelvic floor, vacuum therapy and physiotherapy with the device “Androgyne”.

Results. Significant erectile function disorders were detected in 26 (68.4%) patients of group I, and in 31 (73.9%) patients of group II, according to data from the IIEF-5 questionnaire. Group I 27 (71.1%) patients were satisfied with sex life, group II – 39 (84.8%) by the end of the year. According to the Doppler ultrasound, after 12 months in patients of group I, the maximum systolic velocity of blood flow in the right and left cavernous artery of the penis was 25.0 ± 3.44 cm / s and 33.0 ± 3.56 cm / s, respectively. The difference in arterial inflow of 8 cm / s indicates a pronounced arterial perfusion of the penis in group I patients. At the same time, in patients of group II, the maximum systolic velocity was significantly higher than in group I and amounted to 40.1 ± 2.66 cm/s and 40.0 ± 2.77 cm/s, respectively.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a decrease in the arterial inflow to the penis along the right cavernous artery in patients from group I, who underwent an arterial vascular anastomosis with an internal iliac artery during kidney transplantation.
The clinical signifi cance of urethral sphincter hyperkinesis in the treatment of benign prosta???? c hyperplasia
Authors: Belousov I. I.
Published: February 2019

Introduction.Today there is many highly effective surgical approaches in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). New technologies in the treatment of BPH continue to be implemented. Despite this in some patients the results of surgical treatment for short-term and long-term monitoring is unsatisfactory.Purpose of research.Тo improve the results of treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasiaMaterials and methods.The functional state of the urethral sphincter was studied in 123 patients with symptomatic BPH. According to the treatment method, all patients were separated into groups. Group 1 - patients with established standard indications for surgical treatment. After surgery, patients with persistent obstructive urination received therapy with a central muscle relaxant for three months. Group 2 - patients with uncomplicated BPH, having hypertonic urethral sphincter and receiving drug therapy according to the established urodynamic patterns.Results.Our analysis of the efficacy of surgical treatment of patients with BPH demonstrates a significant correlation between negative outcomes of surgery for BPH with increased tone of the external urethral sphincter. So, in 70.1% of cases, symptomatic obstructive Low Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in BPH were accompanied by increased tone of the urethral sphincter from standard parameters. We believe that these changes were related to the anatomical characteristics of nodular hyperplasia.Conclusions.Exactly this fact, that these patients had urethral sphincter dysfunction in 14.5% of cases made for poor effect of surgical treatment of BPH. Use of muscle relaxants centrally acting drug therapy in these cases, significantly improves the urodynamics of lower urinary tract, which is accompanied by regression of LUTS.
Emotional Competence in a Gender Perspective: The Experiences of Male Nursing Students in the Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinical Teaching
Authors: Diogo Paula , Oliveira Madalena , Baltar Patricia , Martins Hugo
Published: February 2019

In the Nursing Degree clinical teaching, gender stereotypes can influence the emotional experience of male students, with implications on their learning and competence’s development in a health care area that is predominantly female, since it is consensual that the emotional dimension of learning can stipulate the experiences of caring. The development of emotional competence promotes a greater capacity for adaptive resilience in the face of stressful situations; consequently, to be emotionally competent is to be able to find solutions in internal resources that emerge from emotions (especially its management) and from the motivation of each individual. This interrelation between emotions and gender prompts the understanding of the male nursing students’ emotional experience of provision of care in sexual and reproductive health. In order to understand this phenomenon, is proposed a research project with a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive. The data will be obtained from narratives written by nursing degree male student and also from clinical teaching supervisor nurses. Understanding students’ emotional experiences in clinical teaching of sexual and reproductive health, related to possible gender stereotypes and restrictions to care in this area, leading us to understand how emotion itself manages these genderized experiences, what sense it gives them and how it incorporates them into learning in clinical teaching.
A EVOLUÇÃO DAS NORMAS LEGAIS NA RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Vizzotto Liane , Corsetti Berenice , Júnior Aurélio Pegoraro
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho versa sobre a evolução das normas legais que servem de base à relação público-privada na educação brasileira. A partir de análise de documentos, da literatura e pesquisas da área, aponta-se o surgimento das parcerias (1990) entre a Administração Pública e o setor privado (com e sem fins lucrativos), e as principais razões que sustentam o setor privado como o parceiro ideal do Estado. Dialoga-se sobre as proposições dos organismos internacionais, no que se refere à participação da sociedade civil (neoliberal) no desenvolvimento das políticas públicas educacionais. A fim de compreender o conjunto de leis que possibilita a construção da relação público-privada também no campo da educação, são apontadas aquelas de âmbito nacional e, por meio da análise de lei em um município, destacamos a institucionalização do conteúdo ofertada pelo parceiro, por meio da construção normativa em âmbito local. Os principais achados indicam o crescimento do sistema normativo em relação às parcerias. Conclui-se, ainda, que o arcabouço jurídico atual legitima e institucionaliza o conteúdo das parcerias, servindo como mecanismo para a evolução da relação público-privada. Dessa forma, evidencia-se que a relação público-privada obscurece o antagonismo entre capital e trabalho, e as desigualdades tornam-se apenas diferenças que podem ser suprimidas com o esforço (subjetivo) de cada indivíduo.
OS INDÍGENAS COMO SUJEITOS NO MARCO REGULATÓRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DA BOLÍVIA
Authors: Bittencourt Jaqueline Marcela Villafuerte , Pérez María Luz Mardesich
Published: February 2019

Desde que se instituiu o Estado Plurinacional de Bolívia tem trazido novos conceitos que estão relacionados com as mudanças no arranjo estrutural que está em curso, particularmente nas políticas públicas sociais. Destaca-se a Educação como o setor que tem incluindo a ideia central do “viver bem” como eixo da mudança paradigmática da abigarrada sociedade boliviana. Neste artigo propomos trabalhar a partir de uma perspectiva que tem definido o Marco Regulatório da educação sob a perspectiva indígena/ camponesa/ originária, ou seja, a partir do setor da sociedade que SarzuriLima (2016) denomina a “parte sem parte” da sociedade. O foco nesses sujeitos se relaciona com as formas institucionais que estão em plena tensão neste momento histórico pela que atravessa a América Latina, qual seja a participação de segmentos marginalizados no Estado capitalista globalizado sustentado pelas práticas colonialista, racistas e conservadoras. Para tanto, traçamos uma sintética linha histórica para contribuir para que este tema permaneça na agenda.
NEW AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF RARE FISH SPECIES FROM THE ANATOLIAN COASTS OF TURKEY
Authors: YAPICI Sercan
Published: February 2019

In
this study, rare fish species observed from underwater observation and amateur
fishing activities in the Aegean and Mediterranean have been reported. New and
additional records belonging to four fish species were represented: Mola mola and Ranzania laevis were observed from the Aegean and Levant Sea after
decades while juvenile Trachipterus
trachypterus and Lophotus lacepede
were reported firstly in Turkish coasts of Aegean and Levant Sea, respectively.
Modeling of linear and nonlinear quantitative structure property relationships of the aqueous solubility of phenol derivatives
Authors: Kherouf Soumaya , Bouarra Nabil , Bouakkadia Amel , Messadi Djelloul
Published: February 2019

Quantitative structure?solubility relationships (QSSR) are considered as a type of Quantitative structure?property relationship (QSPR) study in which aqueous solubility of chemicals are related to chemical structure. In the present work, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were used for QSSR studies of the water solubility of 68 phenols (phenol and its derivatives) based on molecular descriptors calculated from the optimized 3D structures. By applying missing value, zero and multicollinearity tests with a cutoff value of 0.95, and a genetic algorithm (GA), the descriptors that resulted in the best fitted models were selected. After descriptor selection, multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to construct a linear QSSR model. The R2 = 91.0 %, LOO Q2 = 89.33 %, s = 0.340 values of the model developed by MLR showed a good predictive capability for log S values of phenol and its derivatives. The results of MLR model were compared with those of the ANN model. the comparison showed that the R2 = 94.99 %, s = 0.245 of ANN were higher and lower, respectively, which illustrated an ANN presents an excellent alternative to develop a QSSR model for the log S values of phenols to MLR.
Improved Open-Loop Glucose Control With Basal Insulin Reduction 90 Minutes Before Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Zaharieva Dessi P. , McGaugh Sarah , Pooni Rubin , Vienneau Todd , Ly Trang , Riddell Michael C.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

To reduce exercise-associated hypoglycemia, individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion typically perform basal rate reductions (BRRs) and/or carbohydrate feeding, although the timing and amount of BRRs necessary to prevent hypoglycemia are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine if BRRs set 90 min pre-exercise better attenuate hypoglycemia versus pump suspension (PS) at exercise onset.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seventeen individuals completed three 60-min treadmill exercise (∼50% of VO2peak) visits in a randomized crossover design. The insulin strategies included 1) PS at exercise onset, 2) 80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise, and 3) 50% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise.

RESULTS

Blood glucose level at exercise onset was higher with 50% BRR (191 ± 49 mg/dL) vs. 80% BRR (164 ± 41 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and PS (164 ± 45 mg/dL; P < 0.001). By exercise end, 80% BRR showed the smallest drop (−31 ± 58 mg/dL) vs. 50% BRR (−47 ± 50 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and PS (−67 ± 41 mg/dL; P < 0.001). With PS, 7 out of 17 participants developed hypoglycemia versus 1 out of 17 in both BRR conditions (P < 0.05). Following a standardized meal postexercise, glucose rose with PS and 50% BRR (both P < 0.05), but failed to rise with 80% BRR (P = 0.16). Based on interstitial glucose, overnight mean percent time in range was 83%, 83%, and 78%, and time in hypoglycemia was 2%, 1%, and 5% with 80% BRR, 50% BRR, and PS, respectively (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, a 50–80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise improves glucose control and decreases hypoglycemia risk during exercise better than PS at exercise onset, while not compromising the postexercise meal glucose control.
Optimising High Lime Fly Ash Content By Means of Silica Fume İncorporation To Control Alkali-Silica Reaction And Drying Shrinkage of Mortars
Authors: Gökçe H. Süleyman , Hosseinnezhad Hojjat , Üzüm Onur , Hatungimana Daniel , Ramyar Kambiz
Published: February 2019

In this study, the effect of binary and ternary cementitious systems composed of portland cement, high-lime fly ash and silica fume on the compressive strength, alkali-silica reaction (ASTM C 1567) and drying shrinkage of mortar mixtures was researched. For this purpose, binary and ternary binders were prepared with partial replacement of cement with either fly ash (15wt% and 30wt%) or silica fume (5wt%) or both mineral admixtures (15wt+%5wt% and 30wt%+5wt%). An alkali reactive basalt aggregate was used in this study. It was found that partial replacement of cement with high-lime fly ash reduced the strength of mortar mixtures even up to 28-days. Besides, addition of 5% silica fume had not a significant effect on the early strength of fly ash-bearing mixtures. However, silica fume inclusion improved the 28-day strength of mixtures. In terms of alkali-silica reaction (ASR), the fly ash with lower lime content reduced the 14-day expansion more than that of fly ash with higher lime content. The opposite results were the case in 28-day ASR expansions. The ASR expansions of the fly ash-bearing mixtures were significantly reduced by the introduction of the additional 5% silica fume to these mixtures. However, silica fume incorporation remarkably increased the drying shrinkage values of the mixtures. Finally, fly ash with higher lime content was found to be more satisfactory in terms of compressive strength, alkali-silica reaction and drying shrinkage in the ternary binder system.
A Monte-Carlo Simulation for the Estimation of Side-by-Side Loading Events on Oregon Bridges
Authors: YANİK Arcan , HİGGİNS Christopher
Published: February 2019

Obtaining
the side-by-side probabilities accurately is a very important procedure during
two lane loaded live load factor analysis. To calculate the load factors
properly, side-by-side loading events should be investigated very carefully.
This study presents a statistical method to investigate the side-by-side events
on the Oregon bridges. Numerical simulations were performed for this
investigation. These simulations were developed in MATLAB. Gross vehicle
weights (GVW) of the trucks were used during the analysis. Monte Carlo
simulations were performed to analyze side-by-side loading events. Degree of
correlation coefficient of GVW for side-by-side trucks were also obtained from
Monte Carlo simulations. 290 bridges located at the prescribed mile markers on
Interstate-5 (I-5) southbound on Oregon highways and 1-year of Oregon
state-specific weigh-in-motion (WIM) data were used. 75,000 trucks were
randomly selected from 1,787,612 trucks that correspond to 1-year WIM data from
Woodburn NB traffic site that is located in Oregon. Inverse standard normal
distribution functions and cumulative distribution functions of the truck data
were generated. With respect to the statistical analysis, side-by-side loading
probabilities were found to be smaller than the ones presented in American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials LRFD calibration.
Technology Transfer and Human Capital in the Industrial 4.0 Scenario: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Silva Vander Luiz , Kovaleski João Luiz , Pagani Regina Negri
Published: February 2019

In face of the technological changes derived from Industry 4.0, an initial, gradual and complex process of Technology Transfer (TT) is taking place that strongly relies on the integration between university, industry, and government. In this context, in order to make the Industry 4.0 approach a reality, several requirements need to be met. One of them is the need to qualify people to work in industries. This study aimed to explore the possible changes and perspectives of human work in Industry 4.0. A systematic literature review was carried out following a structured script. 50 were chosen for content analysis, following criteria for qualification and selection of studies. As a result, a number of changes in human skills and tasks, as well as job prospects, were found, standing out the greater flexibility of people, ability for decision-making, among others.
Redes clientelares, agentes y dependientes en el espacio señorial castellano. Dinámica de articulación de linajes y elementos para su análisis.
Authors: Pereyra Osvaldo Víctor
Published: February 2019

En el presente trabajo se realiza una observación del fenómeno señorial de expansión patrimonial y político de la Casa de los Velasco, desde un punto de vista “integral”, es decir, focalizando el análisis no sólo en el proceso de engrandecimiento del linaje sino también desde “abajo”, poniendo énfasis en la propia dinámica de articulación con los linajes menores asentados en los espacios locales y comarcales sujetos al poder jurisdiccional y a su presencia señorial. Se analizará la densificación señorial impuesta por la presencia de los Velasco en la ZONA ORIENTAL de Cantabria (englobando en ella la antigua MERINDAD DE VECIO y los valles de TRASMIERA) a partir del estudio de la red de relaciones matrimoniales y clientelares sostenidas con los linajes menores asentados en estos espacios.
Efficacy of Thrombolytic Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ikramov A. I. , Dadamyants N. G.
Published: February 2019

The purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke according to radiological methods.

Materials and methods. The study included 60 people who were divided into two groups. The main group included 34 (56.7%) patients with ischemic stroke (20 men and 14 women) aged 22 to 78 years (mean age 62 ± 8.6 years) who were treated in Republican research center of emergency medical care. The control group consisted of 26 (43.3%) patients to estimate the parameters of normeperidine in the middle cerebral artery (MCA): the maximum blood flow velocity, linear blood flow velocity, index Gosling (PI) and coefficient overshoot (KO). Evaluation of patients included: assessment of nevrostatus according NIHSS scale, computered tomograhy of brain to exclude hemorrhagic stroke, transcranial and extracranial arteries Duplex scanning, digital subtraction angiography. Thrombolysis was performed to all patients of main group with ischemic stroke: systemic thrombolysis with streptokinase – in 17 (50%) cases, selective thrombolysis of Actilyse – 17 (50%). Thrombolysis was performed in a period from 90 minutes to 4 hours after the manifestation of symptoms.

 

Results. Significant positive changes were observed in 22 (64.7%) patients. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic lesion was observed in 4 (11.7%). In acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery recanalization was registered only in 11.7% of cases, while the M1 MCA occlusion segment – at 52.9%. Transcranial Doppler is manifested by registration of hyperperfusion flow after thrombolysis in the presence of residual flow to thrombolysis. Re-occlusion was observed in 2 (5.8%) patients. In these cases, before and after thrombolysis TCD fixed flow hypoperfusion. Mortality was 14.7%.

Conclusions. Thrombolytic therapy is effective treatment for ischemic stroke, especially in the delivery of the patient to a hospital for the first 2 hours after the manifestation of clinical symptoms. The marker of effectiveness thrombolysis is registration on the CMA normoperfusion or hyperperfusion pattern. Good functional outcome marked when a patient achieved result ≤2 points on the mRS. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation can also be considered as a marker of effective thrombolysis. The combination of a CT scan of the brain with transcranial Doppler allows to assess not only the size of the lesion of the brain, but also to investigate the nature of cerebral hemodynamics. Further development of a set of measures designed to raise awareness among the population and general practitioners about the symptoms of stroke and its effective treatment in the case of delivery of the patient to a specialized hospital in which is possible to conduct thrombolysis.
Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Peniaeva E. I. , Kamalov J. R. , Sencha A. N. , Patrunov U. N. , Sencha E. A.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:to evaluate the diagnostic value of contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with SonoVue in differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLL) in a multidisciplinary clinic in Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Bolus intravenous administration of 1.2 ml of SonoVue (Bracco Swiss CA, Switzerland) followed with 5ml saline flush was used for liver CEUS. We utilized the scanners Mindray DC-8 (Mindrаy, China), Logiq S8 (GE, USA), Philips Epiq 7 (Philips, Holland), SonoScape S9 (SonoScape, China), Hitachi Ascendus (Hitachi, Japan) with 3.0–5.0 MHz convex probes in specialized “contrast” mode with low mechanic index (MI 0.08–0.1). The study conferred 73 patients in the age between 18 and 84 years (mean age 49 years) with FLL. CEUS was performed in 22 patients with previously verified diagnosis, while the rest of patients underwent CEUS before the final diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced liver CT was performed in all patients. In 49 (67.12%) of 73 cases, a pathology was performed after a targeted core-needle biopsy or autopsy. Qualitative features of US contrast enhancement of FLL were evaluated.Results. Qualitative aspects of CEUS for differentiation of FLL were defined. The principal sign for diagnosis between benign and malignant masses with CEUS was hypoenhancement of malignant lesions in comparison to surrounding normal parenchyma in portal and late venous phase (p ≤ 0.01). Alternatively, hyper- or isoenhancement throughout late venous phase was characteristic for benign FLL. Diffuse heterogeneous contrast enhancement was indicative of malignant FLL, and homogeneous – for benign. Additional diagnostic feature (p ≤ 0.05) was the type of contrast enhancement in the arterial phase. Heterogeneous diffuse contrast enhancement was observed in malignant FLL, while homogeneous – in benign FLL. Peripheral nodular contrast enhancement with centripetal filling was characteristic for liver hemangioma, centrifugal filling with “spoke-wheel” vascular pattern – for FNH, and peripheral rim-like hyperenhancement with rapid achievement of hypoenhancement at the beginning of the portal phase – for liver metastasis.Conclusion.Complex analysis of qualitative characteristics of CEUS with SonoVue is a promising option for differential diagnosis of FLL (sensitivity 92.85%, specificity 91.3%, diagnostic accuracy 92.15%) and can be utilized in daily practice.
To the Question of the Role of Radiation Methods in the Diagnosis of Locoregional Recurrence of Colon Cancer (Clinical Case)
Authors: Nudnov N. V. , Stanoevich U. , Grebenkin E. N. , Sidorova E. V.
Published: February 2019

Coloncancer is one of the first places in the structure of oncological diseases. According to statistics, edited by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinskii, G.V. Petrova ofRussiafor 2015 was initially 36494 case of colorectal cancer, while 2% of cases are not diagnosed. Recurrence of colon cancer can occur at any stage regardless of the time elapsed after the radical treatment. Locoregionally originally is the presence of a tumor in the area of primary operation, which is represented by the primary tumor bed, the anastomosis, mesentery of the colon with lymphatic system, peritoneum and adjacent organs. Often after a diagnosis of “recurrence of the tumor in the colon” to the patient it is possible to provide only palliative care (colostomy, chemotherapy). The article cited clinical observation, confirming the important role of radiation techniques in determination of tactics of treatment of locoregional recurrence of the cecum cancer.
Diagnostic Capabilities of MRI and Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography in Dense Breasts
Authors: Solodkiy V. A. , Oksanchuk E. A. , Meskih E. V. , Kolesnik A. U. , Nudnov N. V.
Published: February 2019

Objective: to study the technique of contrast-enhanced  mammography (CESM) and to make a comparative analysis of the accuracy of CESM and MRI in dense breasts.

Materials and methods. Was analyzed data of the world researches dedicated comparative characteristics of contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) and MRI. The MRI and contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) were performed 61 patients in our center from 04.2017 to 05.2017. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods  were evaluated, these data were compared with the results  of published studies.

Results. Contrast mammography (CESM) is a highly  sensitive and specific technique in detecting cancer in dense breasts, comparable in informativeness of contrastenhanced MRI. The sensitivity of CESM and MRI was 100%, the specificity was 100% and 94% respectively.

Conclusion. Contrast mammography (CESM) is a perspective techique for earlier diagnosis of breast carcinomas,  even with dense breasts.
Postmortem Characteristics of Lung Hypoplasia at Diaphragmatic Hernia: MRI – Pathomorphological Comparisons
Authors: Tumanova U. N. , Lyapin V. M. , Burov A. A. , Shchegolev A. I. , Degtyarev D. N.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: the study of postmortem MRI possibilities for the diagnosis of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Materials and methods. A comparison of the results of postmortem MRI study and data of pathoanatomical autopsy of 23 newborns was performed. In group I, the bodies of 10 deceased newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia without operative intervention were examined. In group II – the bodies of 7 newborns who died after surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Group III (control) included 6 bodies of newborns without diaphragmatic hernia and signs of lung hypoplasia. Before the autopsy, an MRI study was performed on a 3T Magnetom Verio device (Siemens, Germany) in standard T1 and T2 modes. The volumes of the lungs and chest cavity were calculated in the analysis of the tomograms data and their 3D reconstruction. The stage of the lung development and number of radial alveoli were identified at the microscopic study of histological preparations.

Results.As a result of the postmortem MRI study, it was established that the observations of group I are characterized by minimal lung volumes. The mean lung volume on the side of the diaphragmatic hernia was 4.1 times less than the contralateral lung (p < 0.01), and the mean values of the volume of both lungs were 4.6 times less than the corresponding values of the control group (p < 0.01) . The average value of the specific volume of the lungs in newborns who died as a result of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (group I) was 8.8%, which is 4.2 times less than the control group (p < 0.01) and was accompanied by histological signs of hypoplasia. The operation in Group II observations led to an increase in lung size. However, the specific volume of the lungs in this group remained by 18.6% less than the control group, and on histological specimens there were signs of lung hypoplasia.

Conclusion.The postmortem MRI of dead newborns allows for an objective quantification of lung volumes and verifies the presence of hypoplasia. This helps to clarify the pathogenesis and determine the immediate cause of death. Indices of specific lung volume relative to the chest cavity of less than 20% indicate lung hypoplasia as the immediate cause of death of the newborn.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI in Glioma Diagnosis
Authors: Nechipay E. A. , Dolgushin M. B. , Pronin A. I. , Kobyakova E. A. , Fadeeva L. M.
Published: February 2019

The aim: to examine the possibility of using dynamic contrast  enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in clarifying the  diagnosis of glial brain tumors and the differentiation between them  on the basis of the malignancy degree. In this regard, the authors  evaluated the effectiveness of perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC).

Materials and methods.The study included examination of 54  patients with an established presence of brain glial tumors. Glioma  Grade I–II diagnosed in 13 (24.1%) and glioma Grade III–IV in 41  (75.9%) cases. Morphological verification of the diagnosis obtained  as a result of either surgical removal of the tumor or stereotactic biopsy was achieved in 31 (57.4%) patients: glial tumors Grade I–II  identified in 6 (19.4%), and glioma Grade III–IV – 25 (80.6%) cases.

 

Results. According to DCE increasing of the malignancy degree of  glial tumors is followed by increasing of all perfusion parameters:  thus, the lowest values of Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC were identified  in low grade gliomas (0.026 min−1, 0.845 min−1, 0.024 and 1.757,  respectively), the highest in gliomas Grade III–IV (0.052 min−1  1.083 min−1, 0.06 and 2.694, respectively). The most informative parameters with sensi tivity 90% and specificity 100% in the  differential diagnosis of gliomas Grade I-II and Grade III-IV are  Ktrans (cut-off = 0.16 min−1) and Ve (cut-off = 0.13).

Conclusion.DCE MRI can be used in differential diagnosis of glial brain tumors of different malignancy grade.
The Possibility of Forecast an Expressed Intraoperative Bleeding During Transurethral Resection of the Prostate using Preoperative Transrectal Ultrasound
Authors: Bolotskov A. S. , Gurtskoy R. A. , Madzhugin M. L. , Shulzhenko V. V.
Published: February 2019

There is no doubt about the prevalence rate of benign prostate  hyperplasia. Currently, transurethral prostate resection (TUR) is the  main method of surgical treatment. To clarify the degree of possible  intraoperative bleeding, we assume the application of pre-hospital  transrectal ultrasonic prostate examination (TRU) with vascular  Doppler and 2D Shear Wave elastography.

The aim: to evaluate the possibilities of preoperative complex TRU  prostate examination in forecasting of the expressed intraoperative bleeding.

Materials and methods. The study included the results of a survey of 242 patients in the urological Department of the road clinical hospital of Rostov-on-don in the period from 2016 to 2017, which  had undergone TUR of the prostate. All patients before the operation was performed prostate transrectal ultrasonography (TRU) with  Doppler and 2D Shear Wave Elastography (2DSWE). Depending on  the amount of blood loss determined after surgery, all patients were divided into three statistically (p < 0.001) significant groups (р  < 0.001). All TRU examinations were made with ultrasound system  Aixplorer (France). During Doppler sonography, maximal linear blood flow velocity (Vmax) in capsular arteries (CA), in “surgical capsule”  arteries (SCA) and in the paraurethral artery (PuA) was measured. During 2D Sheare Wave elastography (2D SWE) stiffness of tissues  was measured (in kPa) in symmetric areas of both lobes of  peripheral zone (PPZ), central zone (CZ), and transitory zone (TZ) of prostate

Results. Significant (p < 0.001) correlation of blood loss with  reduction of hemoglobin level, as well as with Vmax CA, Vmax PuA,  tissue stiffness TZ and areas on the border with the surgical capsule  revealed. The ROC analysis showed, that sensitivity and specificity of predictions of severe intraoperative blood loss, when using a cut-off  for the Vmax of the blood flow in CA more 18.7 cm/s, was  respectively 87.2% and 94.4 per cent; when using a cut-off for the  Vmax of the blood flow in the basin PUA over 24.2 cm/s –  respectively of 76.6% and 78.5%; when using a cut-off of stiffness  of the tissues TZ less of 39.8 kPa – respectively 100% and 95.4%: when using a cut-off of stiffness of the tissues at the border of the “surgical capsule” less than the 38.1 kPa – respectively 89,4% and 90,8%.

Conclusion.The use of cut-off Vmax values for the blood flow in the paraurethral and capsular arteries, as well as the use of cut-off  values for tissue stiffness in the prostate transitory zone of prostate  and in the surgical capsule area, may be an effective means of  forecasting of expressed intraoperative bleeding. The data presented is recommended to take into account the operating surgeon during  the selection of patients for operative benefits.
Hybrid Technology Fusion MRI/US and Sonoelastography in Diagnosis of Fatty Degeneration and Atrophy of Supraspinatus Muscle of the Shoulder
Authors: Gazhonova V. E. , Emelianenko M. V. , Onishchenko M. P.
Published: February 2019

Evaluation of the rotator cuff muscles is of value for surgical indications and successful postoperative prognosis. Ultrasound is  widely used for detection of rotator cuff tears, but it’s role in  evaluation of the rotator cuff muscles is not yet defined. A new  method Fusion MRI/US with elastography is able to show differences  in tissue stiffness, and a simultaneous combination of two methods  helps to overcome limitations from US – narrow field of view, and  from MRI – impossibility for real time examination and low space resolution.

Purpose.To investigate diagnostic performance and interobserver  reliability of US elastography and to study possibilities of Fusion  MRI/US technique in grading fatty degeneration and atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle.

Materials and methods.72 patients from 128 with shoulder pain  and disability with written diagnostic confirm were specially selected  for the study with US elastography and MRI and 29 patients were  enrolled for Fusion MRI/US study. Oblique sagittal scans through the  supraspinatus muscle were performed during US elastography study  in the standard manner for comparance with MRI. The amount of  fatty degeneration was graded according to the modified Goutallier five-point scale, with use of a 3-point scale – with US elastography.  US results for grade of atrophy and fatty degeneration were  retrospectively reviewed by 2 blinded to each other results experts.  Sensitivity and interobserver reliability was estimated.

Results.The sensitivity of standard US in comparance to US  elastography in assessment of muscle atrophy with the reference to  MRI was 53% and 76%, respectively. The sensitivity of US and US  elastography increased with increasing of the grade of muscle  atrophy. The sensitivity of US and US elastography in detection of  fatty degeneration was slightly better 65% and 85%, respectively.  US elastography were more sensitive in evaluation of fatty  degeneration in full thickness than in partial thickness rotator cuff tears. In all cases of full thickness tears US with elastography had a 100% sensitivity in assessment of atrophy and fatty degeneration in the reference to MRI. While in partial tears  the sensitivity decreased to 66%. The agreement between MRI and US elastography for the grade of fatty degeneration of the  supraspinatus was substantial (kappa = 0.78). The interobserver  reliability for US was fair (kappa = 0.41), and for US elastography  substantial (kappa=0,71).

Conclusion. Sonoelastography helps to increase the diagnostic  performance of US in identifying and grading fatty degeneration and  atrophy of the supraspinatus. US with elastography can be used as a  primary modality for fatty changes and atrophy of the supraspinatus.
On the Classification of TI-RADS and Stratification of Signs of Thyroid Cancer According to Ultrasound Data
Authors: Fisenko E. P. , Sich J. P. , Vetsheva N. N.
Published: February 2019

Objective:a comparative “blind” assessment of the thyroid nodules identified by ultrasound, according to the TI-RADS scale in various modifications.

Materials and methods.Retrospective analysis of 149 echograms  of thyroid nodules by three independent experts was performed (the  experience of ultrasound of thyroid ultrasound for more than 7 years).

Results. In solid nodules, high-specific large (more than 94%) and  small (more than 90%) ultrasound signs of thyroid cancer have been identified. The nodes are stratified according to the TI-RADS system: 1 – in the modification J.Y. Kwak et al. (2011), 2 – according to the  proposed system, taking into account small ultrasound signs of  thyroid cancer. High reproducibility of both systems are obtained. In the first system 13.7% of cancer nodes fell into the category of TI- RADS 3 (benign formations), in the second system only 5% of  cancers fell into the category of TI-RADS 3, which is important for  biopsy selection. The sensitivity of the first system was TI-RADS  82.05%, of the second system – 94.87%.

Conclusions.Classification of TI-RADS can be used to interpret the  ultrasound results of thyroid nodules, taking into account both the  main large and small ultrasound signs of cancer. For its validation in  our country, it is necessary to further broad discussion of the proposed TI-RADS system.
Neurological Symptoms as a Showcase of the Inborn Anomaly in a Development of the Arterial and Venous Vessels (Case Report)
Authors: Tyunibabyan A. I. , Mukhin A. A.
Published: February 2019

Inborn specific anomalies in the development of the cardio-vascular system require strong attention from physicians of many specialties, especially during diagnosing process. The results of all available diagnostic methods of patient examination determine the further treatment tactic. This tactic implying an individual approach to a specific pathology. There are some cases of combined defects of both, the arterial as well as the venous systems, which appealing special interest. This article describes case report of such anomalies in the structure of the vascular system. This case shown in the form of congenital inflection of the aortic arch with true coarctation and the persistent left vena cava superior.
Adaptation of the World and European Recommendations on Liver Elastography for Domestic Radiology
Authors: Borsukov A. V.
Published: February 2019

The article contains an attempt to validate the world and European recommendations on liver elastography 2015–2017 for practical health care. From the position of radiology, the expert summarizes the threshold values of liver fibrosis, the ways of clinical interpretation of elastometry. Evaluation of the dynamics of algorithms in elastometry from the European recommendations 2013 to the provisions of the world and European experts 2015–2017. The feasibility of introducing various types of elastometry into domestic practice is assessed, taking into account the pace of updating of ultrasound equipment and the format of interaction between public and private medicine.