bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HADİS RİVAYETİ ÖZELİNDE ASHÂBIN DİNÎ BİLGİYİ PAYLAŞMA DUYARLILIĞI
Authors: ÇELİKAN Serkan
Published: June 2021

Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de ve Hz. Peygamber’in hadislerinde yer alan çeşitli ifadeler, İslâm dininin bilgiye verdiği değeri göstermeleri bakımından oldukça açıktır. Dinin bu iki esasında bilgi yüceltilirken bunun hangi tür bilgi olduğuna genel olarak değinilmez. Fakat İslam’ın, yeni bir medeniyetin kurucusu olarak mensuplarını en başta inanç, ibadet ve ahlak bakımlarından yetiştirmek istediği izaha muhtaç değildir. Dolayısıyla temel dinî kaynaklarda üzerinde durulan bilginin mezkûr muhtevadaki bilgiyi öncelikle kapsadığı kolayca anlaşılabilir. Diğer yandan Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.), ilk Mümin nesle dinin esaslarıyla ilgili bilgileri aktarma konusunda büyük bir hassasiyet gösterdiği ve öğrenilen bilginin orada bulunmayanlarla paylaşılması hususunu sıkça pekiştirdiği görülür. Buna örnek olarak “Benden bir âyet dahi olsa naklediniz…” ve “Allah, bizden bir hadis işitip de onu başkasına ulaştırıncaya kadar iyice ezberleyen kimsenin yüzünü ak etsin!..” şeklindeki hadisler zikredilebilir. Bazı hadislerde de bilgiyi gizleyenler hakkında oldukça ağır uhrevî tehditler bulunur. Hz. Peygamber’in bilginin yaygınlaştırılmasını sağlama konusundaki bu çabası ashâb tarafından da iyi anlaşılmıştır. Nitekim onların, sahip oldukları bilgiyi başkalarına ulaştırma noktasında dikkat çeken bir gayretleri ve duyarlılıkları olduğu görülmektedir. Hadis kaynaklarında ashâbın bu hassasiyetiyle ilgili çeşitli rivayetler yer alır. Bunlardan çalışmada örnek olarak seçilenler Hz. Osman (ö. 35/656), Ebû Hureyre (ö. 58/678), Ebû Zer (ö. 32/653), Muâz b. Cebel (ö. 17/638) ve Ma’kıl b. Yesâr (ö. 59/679 [?]) isimli sahâbîlerden nakledilmişlerdir. Bu rivayetlerin ortaya koyduğu üzere bilgilerini paylaşmamak ashâb açısından büyük bir vebaldir ve vefatlarına yakın bir zamanda veya hayatları pahasına dahi olsa başkalarıyla mutlaka paylaşılmalıdır. Fakat onların, can güvenliği veya yöneticiler tarafından eziyet edilme korkusuyla bazı bilgileri paylaşmadıklarını gösteren rivayetler de vardır. Paylaşmadıkları bu bilgilerin doğrudan dinî ve ahlakî yaşantıyla veya farzlarla, helallerle ve haramlarla ilgisi bulunmayan bilgiler olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bilgilerin gelecekte zuhur edecek fitneler, kıyamet alâmetleri, bazı sefih kimseler tarafından dinin yozlaştırılması, Allah’a ait hakların zayi edilmesi, ileride ortaya çıkacak bazı zorba yöneticiler, onların olumsuz halleri ve zemmedilmesiyle ilgili rivayetler olduğu belirtilmiştir ki paylaşılmalarında dinî maslahat bulunmamaktadır. Müslümanlar için örnek konumunda bulunan ashâbın bilgi paylaşımı konusundaki tavrının bilhassa sahih dinî bilgiye olan ihtiyacın önemli düzeyde arttığı günümüzde oldukça değerli bir tavır olduğu açıktır. Buna binaen dinî bilginin en doğru şekliyle yaygınlaştırılması İslâmî ilimler eğitimi almış kimseler için önemli bir görev olarak belirmektedir.
Was sich verändert und was bleibt
Authors: Rohde-Dachser Christa
Published: June 2021

Von der Vergänglichkeit über das Leben im Augenblick bis zum Wunsch nach Unsterblichkeit – wie Menschen sich mit den Grundfragen ihres Lebens auseinandersetzen, darum geht es Christa Rohde-Dachser in diesem Buch. Der Mensch weiß um seine Sterblichkeit, während er unbewusst gleichzeitig von seiner Unsterblichkeit überzeugt ist. Dieser Widerspruch ist von so basaler Natur, dass sogar psychoanalytische Theorien latent auf etwas den Tod Überdauerndes hinweisen. Ausgehend von eigenen Forschungsergebnissen zeigt die Autorin auch die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Umgang mit diesen widersprüchlichen Überzeugungen auf. Im letzten Teil ihres Buches wendet Rohde-Dachser sich zeitgenössischen Filmen zu, in denen die beschriebenen Todes- und Erlösungsvorstellungen in beeindruckenden bildhaften Übersetzungen wiederkehren.
Regulation of the Development Process Systems of Information and Telemetry Support for the Development of Launch Vehicles
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Vorontsov V. L. , Davidov I. A. ,   Joint Stock Company «Scientific, Research & Production Corporation of Measuring Equipment»
Published: June 2021

It is shown that the most prominent shortcomings of the existing general sectoral scientific and technical policy for the development of means of information and telemetry support (ITS) of development of launch vehicles are manifested in the absence of a systemic and dominance of subjective and fragmentary approaches, as a result of which the software and hardware (SW&HW) of the telemetric complex (TC) of a space launching site are redundant, but not invariant to the current ITS problems. At the same time, the loss of information during launches of spacecraft (SC) and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) due to the influence of harmful factors of a different nature are comparable to the losses experienced during the 60s–70s of the 20th century. Under these conditions, a systematic approach is relevant and, accordingly, the regulation of the development process of domestic systems for information and telemetric support for the development of launch vehicles (ITSDLV). The main regulatory tools are the official concept of development of ITSDLV and the corresponding system of telemetry standards. The scientific and methodological foundations of their construction, based on the results of past research, are presented. The features of the solution of current and future organizational issues for the maintenance and development of the aforementioned concept and system of standards by the forces of the proposed working group are shown.
Comparative Analysis of Equipment for Shaping Navigation Radio Signals of the GLONASS system and Features of Group Navigation Radio Signals
Authors:   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Bakit’ko R. V. , Astakhov D. A. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”, Salakhov R. F. ,   Joint Stock Company “Russian Space Systems”
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a comparative analysis of methods for shaping navigation radio signals of the GLONASS system at all stages of development. This analysis gives a clear picture of the evolution of methods for shaping navigation radio signals and provides insights into their advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to group navigation signals of the GLONASS system, which appear in the next generation of GLONASS navigation spacecraft to optimize the antenna assembly. The peculiarities of shaping them are considered, taking account of ensuring code measurement accuracy and effective power amplification.
RUSSIA IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: A RECEDING POWER
Authors: KELKİTLİ Fatma Aslı
Published: June 2021

This study explores Russia’s efforts to move closer to the Western Balkan states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia which have expedited following the fall-out with the EU and the USA because of Crimea. Russia has intensified its dialogue with some political parties in these states, invested in key sectors of the economies of these countries’ and enhanced military cooperation with some of them. Russia’s efforts up to now have yielded mediocre results. The political influence of the EU in the region has increased to the detriment of Russia, Moscow has been surpassed by Brussels in the economic realm and all of these states with the exception of the Republika Srpska in Bosnia-Herzegovina continue to maintain military relations with the EU and NATO.
Gümrük Suç ve Kabahatlerinde Pişmanlık: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TAŞ Metin
Published: June 2021

Pişmanlık, kanuna aykırı davranışlarda bulunanlara bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Pişmanlık sayesinde kanuna aykırı davranışta bulunmuş, ancak bununla ilgili idare harekete geçmeden önce başvuruda bulunan kişiler cezalardan önemli ölçüde kurtulmuş olurlar. Bunun sonucunda idare de fazla veya gereksiz iş yükü ile karşılaşmamış olmaktadır.

Vergileme alanında “pişmanlık ve ıslah” müessesesi 213 sayılı Vergi Usul Kanununda düzenlenmiş iken, gümrük vergilerinde “etkin pişmanlık” olarak da ifade edilebilecek hükümler kabahatler bakımından 4458 sayılı Gümrük Kanununda, suçlar bakımından ise 5607 sayılı Kaçakçılıkla Mücadele Kanununda ayrı ayrı düzenlenmiştir.

Gümrük vergilerindeki pişmanlık müessesesinde bazı belirsizlikler bulunmaktadır. Bu belirsizlikler düzenlemenin etkinliğine engel olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Vergi Usul Kanunu kapsamındaki vergilerde ve gümrük vergilerinde pişmanlık müessesesinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Çalışmanın sonucunda söz konusu pişmanlık hükümlerinde birçok açıdan birbirinden farklı niteliklere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Caracterização dos processos de dispensação em farmácias da Atenção Básica no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: VIEIRA Júlia W. , PILGER Diogo , BITTENCOURT Raqueli A. , GALLINA Sara M. , HEINECK Isabela
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar processos realizados em farmácias municipais do Rio Grande do Sul, abordando principalmente a dispensação, além de ações de farmacovigilância e de descarte de medicamentos. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo os 18 municípios sede das Coordenadorias Regionais de Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do RS e outros municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes, resultando em um total de 29 municípios. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de entrevistas in loco com os responsáveis pelas farmácias municipais, sendo o instrumento da coleta de dados um questionário com perguntas elaboradas a partir de revisão da literatura científica. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados, tem-se que 39,6% dos responsáveis pelos serviços de dispensação sãom farmacêuticos; todas as farmácias possuem sistema informatizado para controle e registro da dispensação; ações relacionadas a farmacovigilância ainda são incipientes; o fracionamento de medicamentos é uma prática utilizada nas farmácias (64,6%), mas uma minoria parece seguir as Boas Práticas de Fracionamento de Medicamentos (12,9%); os medicamentos vencidos, quebrados, vazados e sem utilizar dos usuários são recebidos pelas farmácias (89,6%); em todas as farmácias ofertam-se serviços farmacêuticos, em que a dispensação (100%) e a orientação farmacêutica (91,7%) são os mais realizados. Conclusão: Há necessidade de qualificar as farmácias para que a assistência farmacêutica caminhe junto com os princípios e diretrizes do SUS, tendo o uso racional de medicamentos como propósito que influencia de forma decisiva na qualidade de vida e na saúde dos usuários.
İnovatif Çözüm Yaklaşımı: Genç İşsizlik Vaka Çalışması
Authors: AKIN Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Bu makale bir problemin, tasarım düşüncesi inovasyon yaklaşımı ile nasıl çözüldüğünü göstermektedir. Sorun olarak ele alınan konu toplumdaki en temel sıkıntılardan biri olan genç işsizliktir. Özellikle de mesleksiz olanlara odaklanılmaktadır. Bireyin genç, tecrübesiz ve niteliksiz olması çözümü zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu tip karmaşık ve kördüğüm problemlerin çözümünde tasarım düşüncesi yöntemi; kullanıcı odaklı, ekip çalışmasına dayanan, deneme-yanılmaya dayalı olması bakımından oldukça etkilidir. Çözüm yaklaşımında ekip sırayla şu adımları takip etmiştir: Kendi hikayeni paylaşma, başarı hikayelerini belirleme, mülakatlar gerçekleştirme, başkasının adımıyla ilerleme, yeni gözlerle bakma (alternatif dünyalar), şaşırtan noktaları keşfetme, prototipleme, geri bildirim almadır (saha çalışmasıdır). Bu çalışma göstermiştir ki; tasarım düşüncesi yöntemiyle bir sorun empatik olarak anlaşılır, farklı sektörlerden ilham alınarak fikirler üretilir ve deneme amaçlı prototipler yapılır. Bu bakımdan, tasarım düşüncesi bir süreçtir ve inovasyonun yaratıcılıktan ziyade bir disiplin işi olduğunu savunmaktadır.
Voter outreach campaigns can reduce affective polarization among implementing political activists
Authors: Kalla Joshua , Broockman David
Published: June 2021

Political campaigns regularly dispatch activists to contact voters. A large literature considers the effects of these conversations on voter behavior and opinion, but little research has examined their impacts on the implementing activists—an important population given the outsized influence politically active Americans wield. We argue personal persuasion campaigns can reduce affective polarization among the implementing activists. We report data from three real-world campaigns wherein activists attempted to persuade voters who had opposing viewpoints: two campaigns about a politicized issue (immigration) and a third about the 2020 Presidential election. All three campaigns trained activists to persuade voters through in-depth, two-way conversations. We find that these voter outreach efforts meaningfully reduced affective polarization among implementing activists, with reductions large enough to reverse over a decade of increases in affective polarization. Qualitative responses suggest that the conversations reduce polarization by creating opportunities for perspective-getting, which reduced animosity by humanizing and individuating outpartisans. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of affective polarization and prejudice reduction more generally.
The possibility of Ads space evolved into ds space
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiang
Published: June 2021

This article proposes an educated guess. Since the extreme value of the doubt way of thinking represents the minimum (the breakdown or decline of something into random disorder) of an open (related to tiny, weird movements of atoms) system, we saw in the previous article that the extreme value of the doubt way of thinking can be smaller, which points to that (the breakdown or decline of something into random disorder) reduction acts on the (related to tiny, weird movements of atoms) system. It will happen in a sudden and unplanned way. We assume that the macro system and the micro system are closed systems, the system (the breakdown) increases to 0, the macro open system increases in (the breakdown or decline of something into random disorder), and the micro system decreases in (the breakdown or decline of something into random disorder). We know that Ads space can make up/be equal to Ads/CFT explanation (of why something works or happens the way it does), while ds space has serious (problems, delays, etc.) (experiments prove that the universe is ds space-time). Assuming that there is an unplanned reduction process in the tiny system, the Ads space can change into a ds space.
Về ý định mua laptop trên Facebook của nhân viên văn phòng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Thu Tran Thien Anh
Published: June 2021

Bài nghiên cứu đượcthực hiện nhằm xác định và đo lường các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua laptop trên Facebook của nhân viên văn phòng tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM), thông qua khảo sát 280 nhân viên văn phòng. Kiểm định Cronbach’s alpha, phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA), phân tích tương quan Pearson và phân tích hồi quy bội được sử dụng. Kết quả cho thấy có 05 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định mua laptop trên Facebook của nhân viên văn phòng tại TPHCM, sắp xếp theo độ mạnh giảm dần: Nhận thức sự hữu ích, Cảm nhận rủi ro, Kiểm soát hành vi, Giá cả, Chuẩn chủ quan. Từ đó, nghiên cứu cũng đề xuất một số hàm ý quản trị nhằm góp phần gia tăng ý định mua laptop trên Facebook của nhân viên văn phòng tại TPHCM.
Relationship between early language competence and cognitive emotion regulation in adolescence
Authors: Griffiths Sarah Louise , Suksasilp Chatrin , Lucas Laura , Sebastian Catherine L. , Norbury Courtenay
Published: June 2021

Background Effective use of cognitive reappraisal strategies for emotion regulation improves throughout adolescence and promotes good mental health. Language skills may partially drive improvements in reappraisal efficacy, meaning children with neurodevelopmental conditions that affect language may not learn to regulate emotions as effectively as their peers. Method Data are from the Surrey Communication and Language in Education Study (SCALES); a large, population derived cohort of children with diverse language and cognitive skills. We tested whether language skills at school entry predicted success in regulating negative emotions at age 10-11 using a temporal distancing strategy, in a task that utilised hypothetical distressing scenarios. We additionally compared children that met the criteria for Language Disorder (LD) in Year 1 to children with typical language, on their temporal distancing performance. Results Across the whole sample (N = 344), language skills at school entry predicted emotion regulation success in Year 6 (β = .23), over and above the concurrent association between language and regulation success. A quarter of children with LD were unable to complete the temporal distancing task. These children had more severe language difficulties, lower non-verbal IQ and more comorbid conditions. There was no evidence that children with LD that could engage in the task were less successful in using the temporal distancing strategy to reduce negative emotions compared to peers with typical language. Discussion There is a longitudinal relationship between language skills at school entry and the ability to use reappraisal for emotion regulation in early adolescence. This suggests that language may help children learn how to effectively regulate their emotions. Many children with LD were unable to participate in the task. This has implications for clinicians addressing mental health needs for children with neurodevelopmental conditions that affect language, as conversations about emotions and emotion regulation are an integral part of therapy.
Why musical hierarchies?
Authors: Hilton Courtney B. , Asano Rie , Boeckx Cedric
Published: June 2021

Credible signaling may have provided a selection pressure for producing and discriminating increasingly elaborate proto-musical signals. But why evolve them to have hierarchical structure? We argue that the hierarchality of tonality and meter is a byproduct of domain-general mechanisms evolved for reasons other than credible signaling.
Psychosocial factors, eating behaviour and Body Mass Index
Authors: MAS Marine , Chambaron Stephanie , Quiot Emilienne , Chabanet Claire , Brindisi Marie-Claude
Published: June 2021

Objective: Obesity is a multifactorial condition that is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, but the negative consequences of obesity vary between individuals. Considerable evidence suggests that Body Mass Index (BMI) needs to be completed with an assessment of psychological and behavioural factors related to obesity in order to provide adequate treatment for patients with obesity. However, there is a lack of understanding concerning psychological factors and behavioural patterns related to weight status. The present study aimed to identify different profiles of individuals with normal-weight, overweight and obesity Methods: Seventy-six healthy individuals were weighed and measured, then characterized according to their responses to several questionnaires assessing sociodemographic variables, food-related variables, quality of life variables, body image, and psychological aspects.Results: Our results show that health and body dissatisfaction, sensation seeking, and frequent consumption of fatty-savoury foods were higher in individuals with higher BMI. Moreover, a hierarchical cluster analysis permitted to identify 3 profiles of individuals with various weight statuses: satisfied, protected and vulnerable. Conclusions: The implication of these findings in caring patients is crucial and more research on the various phenotypes that can be found within overweight and obesity groups must be encouraged.
The Debate about the definition of the Mexican Violent Conflict: towards a useful concept
Authors: Zepeda Gil Raúl
Published: June 2021

Since 2007, scholars and the general public have tried to understand the nature of the increasingly violent conflict in Mexico. As a result, many different concepts, and characterisations about the violence in Mexico have arisen, but many of these, either borrowed from many fields of literature terms or new concepts, fall short to classify or explain the key differences from high scale violence involving organised crime and other types of violent conflicts such as civil wars. Also, considering the regional trend of high homicide rates in Latin America, especially in Central America and Brazil, it is relevant to build a new concept that can be useful, theoretically, and empirically, for the study of violence and conflict derived from involvement of organised crime, gangs, and other nonstate actors. In this article I review most of the academic and political commentary of the nature of the Mexican case and, from there, I analyse the different concepts proposed from two angles: first, a comparison with the characteristics of other high scale violent conflict concepts, and second, an examination of their utility in terms of theory, field studies, internal coherence, parsimony, familiarity, depth, differentiation, and familiarity. The aim of the comparison of different types of conflict is to assess how scholars use the literature from diverse fields to influence categorisation of new violent phenomenon. The examination of utility aims is to establish how these comparisons help or not to study of violence in Mexico and other Latin America cases of high scale violence of non-political conflicts, and how characterisations and evidence collected can enhance the understanding of violence with thebbuilding of a useful concept of this phenomenon.
Colonial Legacy of Language Politics and Medium of Instruction Policy in India
Authors: Jolad Shivakumar , Doshi Isha
Published: June 2021

The sphere of language politics within India has been a complex one, and rightly so, owing to the country’s rich and immense linguistic diversity. Naturally, this complexity has trickled into the Medium of Instruction (MOI) used in Indian schools. Hindi, English, and state languages dominate the school MOI undermining the enormous Language and Mother Tongue diversity in India. Even though the Indian Constitution and the three National Education Policies have emphasized Mother Tongue/Local language as the MOI at the primary education level, there continues to be a divergence between policy and the actual MOI used in government and private schools in India. In this article, we argue that the political hegemony of languages and its reflection in the MOI at present derives from the historic domination of classical languages in the pre-colonial era and its replacement by English in the colonial era. We trace the MOI in indigenous schools of the 19th Century and assert that their elasticity and adaptability was suited to local conditions. We argue that formal western education created rigidity and homogeneity through centralized curriculum and common language. We discuss the ambivalence of East India Company and British India’s policies on medium of Instruction in English and Vernacular languages. We highlight different phases of anglicization of Education in India, and its adoption and expansion by Indians. We argue that despite attempts at reinvention of education by national leaders and push for Mother Tongue as MOI in the early 20th century, English continued to dominate Indian education.
Analisis Saluran Pemasaran Melon Kuning di Kecamatan Pantai Labu Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Sembiring Gaby Oktavia , Tantawi Ahmad Rafiqi , Siregar Rahma Sari
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted with the aim to know the yellow melon’s marketing channel and the efficiency of the yellow melon marketing channel in Pantai Labu District. This research is a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. Determination of research units for yellow melon farmers using the census method, while the sample for traders using the snow ball sampling method, and consumer samples using the incidental sampling method. The results showed that there was only one channel formed in the marketing of yellow melon in Pantai Labu District, that us from farmers to collectors, then to wholesalers, retailers, and finally to consumers. In this marketing, the market divides the qualities of melons into three grades of gimbo, bs, and super. The most efficient yellow melon market is super grade yellow melon with the lowest marketing margin value of 10%, farmer's share value of 70%, and the profit to marketing cost ratio value of 17> 0 or Rp 17, - so the yellow melon marketing channel is efficient.
Efektivitas Program Klaster Bank Indonesia Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Cabai Kelompok Juli Tani, Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Beringin, Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Simamora Rinaldi , Tantawi Ahmad Rafiqi , Lubis Mitra Musika
Published: June 2021

Juli Tani Group is a farmer group that received the cluster program from Bank Indonesia of Sumatera Utara for the red chili commodity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Bank Indonesia Cluster Program on the income level of chili farmers in the Juli Tani Group in Sidodadi Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency. The data used are primary data obtained directly from the sample of red chili farmers in Juli Tani Group using a questionnaire. Determination of the sample in this study using the Slovin method with a total sample of 52 respondents. Analysis of the data used in this research were (1) Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Cluster Program (2) Analysis of farm business income, to determine whether farming is profitable or not economically, the researcher uses Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) then (3) uses non-statistical parametric with the Spearman Rank correlation test. Based on the research results, it was known that the Bank Indonesia cluster program is very effective in increasing the income of chili farmers in the Juli Tani Group in Sidodadi Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency with an average farmer income of Rp 117,404,895 per growing season.
KAJIAN STRATEGI INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI KEBERLANJUTAN KEDALAM PROSES PEMBANGUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Zen Zahari , Kuswardani Retna Astuti , Lubis Yusniar
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan luas areal kelapa sawit sangat mengkhawatirkan karena sudah merangsek ke areal dengan kemiringan lebih dari 40%. Masalahnya bukan hanya karena nilai produktivitas sawit  yang rendah, tetapi juga karena laju deforestasi semakin meningkat. Kajian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai keberlanjutan kelapa sawit di Tapanuli Selatan, dalam rangka memberikan pilihan strategi penerapan Rencana Aksi Sawit Berkelanjutan (RAD-SB). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksploratif dan survei lapangan dengan Interview terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur dengan petani independen, agen TBS  dan pengelola PKS. Hasil penelitian dikelompokkan dua strategi yaitu strategi pada tingkat kelembagaan di Kabupaten dan strategi pada tingkat lapangan di Desa. Pada tingkat kelembagaan di Kabupaten terlihat bahwa peranan lembaga pendukung yang tergabung dalam FOKSBI masih belum solid, meskipun sudah memiliki komitmen yang sama untuk menerapkan aksi pembangunan sawit berkelanjutan.Elaborasi aspek-aspek keberlanjutan yang diperlukan untuk menerapkan RAD-SB masih dimengerti dalam dimensi yang berbeda-beda. Strategi tingkat lapangan bertujuan untuk mencari cara-cara atau sistem budidaya sederhana untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, tanpa merusak sumberdaya hutan dan lahan. Terdapat potensi yang besar untuk meningkatkan produktivitas TBS tanpa merusak sumberdaya alam, meningkatkan kualitas buah dan melepas jerat monopoli pasar TBS yang terjadi. Praktik budidaya ekspansif dapat diubah menjadi budidaya hemat lahan dengan sistem perkebunan yang lebih intensif dan teknologi yang sederhana, murah, mudah dan memenuhi persyaratan konservasi. Penguatan lembaga penyuluhan dan pendanaan berkelanjutan merupakan keniscayaan penerapan RAD-SB agar meeningkatkan output  dan outcome yang nyata, yaitu terwujudnya kesejahteraan petani secara luas dan terwujunya sustainable-landscape di Tapanuli Selatan.
ANALISIS PREFERENSI KONSUMEN BUAH PISANG SEBAGAI KOMODITI UNGGULAN DI KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Alham Fiddini , Saragih Faoeza Hafiz
Published: June 2021

Pisang di Kota Langsa merupakan salah satu komoditi buah unggulan dimana pisang adalah buah dengan produksi terbesar. informasi preferensi konsumen terhadap buah-buahan unggulan di Kota Langsa akan membuat produsen memproduksi buah-buahan dengan kualitas yang sesuai dengan keinginan  konsumen, sehingga produksi dapat terserap kepasar dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Pasar Kota Langsa dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 responden yang diambil melalui metode accendental sampling. Metode analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan metode analisis factor untuk melihat preferensi konsumen buah pisang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima aspek yang terbentuk, dimana aspek buah menjadi aspek dengan nilai keragaman terbesar dan variabel ketersediaan buah pisang lokal dipasar menjadi variabel pertimbangan konsumen terbesar dikarenakan tedapat pasar khusus yang menjual buah pisang di Kota Langsa.
Analisi Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi Produksi Kubis di Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Barus Esra Frandika , Priyarsono Dominicus Savio , Hartoyo Sri
Published: June 2021

The productivity level of cabbage farming in North Sumatra Province is low compared to other provinces on the island of Sumatra, where Karo Regency represents the general condition in North Sumatra Province. This study aims to estimate the level of technical, allocative, economic efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of cabbage farming. The production function uses the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data analysis used the stochastic frontier method with a total sample of 116 farmers. The results of the analysis showed that cabbage farming in Karo District had not achieved technical, allocative and economic efficiency. The average technical, allocative and economic efficiency values of the respondent farmers were 0,697, 0,374 and 0,215. These results indicate that low efficiency is a contributing factor to the low productivity of farmer respondents' cabbage in Karo District. Factors that have a significant effect on efficiency are farming experience, labor ratio, land ownership status and cabbage harvest age. Based on the estimation results, the research policy suggestions include; increase farmer activeness to be involved in farmer groups, build and facilitate the growth and development of agricultural institutions and provide good seeding training so that farmers have good skills, thus improving the technical efficiency of cabbage farming in Karo District.
Studi Meta-Analisis: Hubungan antara Stres Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Nadzif Muhamad Latifun , Yudiarso Ananta
Published: June 2021

Kinerja karyawan merupakan hasil dari pencapaian dan usahanya yang telah dilakukan oleh karyawan dalam menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawab pada pekerjaannya. Berbagai macam penelitian tentang kinerja karyawan telah dilakukan dan salah satunya stres kerja memiliki keterkaitan pada tinggi dan rendahnya kinerja seorang karyawan. Pada penelitian studi meta-analisis ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara job stress dan employee performance. Penelitian ini peneliti melakukan reviu yang melibatkan 15 studi jurnal yang berkaitan dengan job stress dan employee performance pada 10 tahun terakhir dan dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 2638. Hasil dari penelitian studi meta analisis ini menunjukkan korelasi yang small effect size sebesar r =-0,11 (95% CI= -0,337. 0,13) confidence intervalnya akan ada dengan heterogeneity = 97.1% maka meta analisis ini menggunakan random effect size. Dari hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa stres kerja kurang berkorelasi secara langsung dengan kinerja seorang karyawan karena memiliki small effect size. Hal ini mengisyaratkan ada variabel-variabel lain yang memiliki nilai korelasi yang lebih besar dari pada stres kerja.
Damai atau Perang? Faktor-faktor Penyebab Perilaku Agresi pada Budaya Perang Suku Masyarakat Tradisional di Papua
Authors: Nursanti Ida Ayu , Pudjibudojo Jatie Kusmiati Kusna
Published: June 2021

Fenomena perang suku yang dilakukan Masyarakat Tradisional di Papua sudah lama terjadi. Perang suku merupakan jalan terakhir yang diambil ketika penyelesaian suatu masalah secara musyawarah tidak dapat diselesaikan atau pihak yang berkonflik memang “musuh” secara permanen. Tindakan yang dilakukan dalam perang suku tersebut merupakan perilaku agresi. Perilaku agresi ialah perilaku yang bertujuan guna melukai orang lain baik secara fisik maupun verbal. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur ditemukan bahwa penyebab perilaku agresi pada budaya perang suku adalah karena faktor internal, eksternal, stressor lingkungan dan situasiasional. Pada faktor internal, perilaku agresi muncul akibat masalah yang mengancam harga diri, kemudian masalah ini disosialisasikan dengan muatan emosi sehingga memicu perang suku. Pada faktor eksternal telihat bahwa sejak anak-anak, masyarakat tradisional sudah belajar berperang dari lingkungan sosialnya dan mendapatkan penguatan positif ataupun negative yang turut meningkatkan perilaku agresi. Pada kondisi stressor lingkungan, perilaku agresi muncul akibat kompetisi populasi terhadap sumber daya yang terbatas. Pada faktor situasional dijelaskan bahwa perilaku agresi disebabkan oleh miras, provokasi konflik politik dan lain-lain. Keseluruhan faktor di atas tidak akan terwujud dalam perilaku agresi apabila tidak ada faktor pemicu yang dianggap oleh masyarakat tradisional telah merugikan aspek social-ekonomi atau melanggar norma adat yang berlaku.
Analisis Pemikiran Psikologi Islam (Studi Terhadap Konsep Psikologi Islam Dalam Pandangan Hasan Langgulung)
Authors: Hasmiansyah Rizky , Fauzan Aris , Samsudin Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsep kepribadian manusia, teori filsafat manusia, serta metode dan pendekatan Hasan Langgulung dalam membangun psikologi Islam. Metode penelitian adalah studi kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan metode analisis adalah analisis isi (Content Analysis). Hasil Penelitian Pertama, bahwa manusia terdiri dari jasmani dan rohani, memiliki faculty-faculty meliputi fitrah yang baik, ruh, kebebasan kemauan dan akal.  Kedudukan manusia di alam semesta sangat istimewa sebab mempunyai faculty-faculty tersebut.  Maka diperlukanlah pendidikan yang berfokus pada pengembangan pribadi yang seimbang dan mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya dengan berorientasi pada iman dan amal shalih. Hasan Langgulung memperkenalkan paradigma ummatik dalam psikologi Islam. Hakikat psikologi Islam adalah penerapan-penerapan dan berbagai aspek kosmologi Islam tradisional. Tujuan utama utama psikologi Islam sebagai pembinaan manusia harus memenuhi tiga bidang binaan meliputi jasmani, akal dan rohani. Sedangkan dasar pembinaan manusia untuk menjadi pribadi yang sehat, wajar dan seimbang. Kedua, Kepribadian al-nafs al-muthmainnah bentuk tertinggi yang dicapai dengan proses tazkiyatun al-nafs. Ketiga, Metode psikologi Islam Hasan Langgulung adalah metode idealistik. Keempat, Pendekatan psikologi Islam Hasan Langgulung adalah skriptualistik dan tasawwuf.
Analisis Perbandingan Keakuratan CAPM Dan APT Dalam Upaya Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi Saham Sektor Perbankan
Authors: Abdillah Arif , Putra Aditya Kristamtomo
Published: June 2021

The Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory are a balance model that uses risk measurement variables to see risk correlations and returns. This research is descriptive quantitative. The purpose of this research is to find out how much the value of stock returns in the banking sector is calculated by the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory, looking for a more accurate model and how big is the difference in accuracy of the significant accuracy of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory in making investment decisions in the banking sector. The population in this study is a banking company registered at Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2015-2018. The sample in this study amounted to 36 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2015-2018. The sampling method is a non-probability sampling method that is purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the Capital Asset Pricing Model is better than the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and there is no difference in accuracy between the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory in an investment decision making effort at banking sector.
Strategy To Achieve Birth Certificate Ownership In Kalisidi Village, West Ungaran Sub-District
Authors: Yanti Tri Wida , Sadjiarto Arief , Sitorus Destri Sambara
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the strategy of the village government in optimizing the achievement of ownership of birth cerificates with a focus on the management function and strategy management. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The research instrument was the researcher itself using primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The strategy of the Kalisidi village government was based more on management functions (planning, organizing, directing and controlling) and supported by strategic management. Planning started with regional mapping, team planning, team preparation planning, socialization planning and evaluation planning. Organizing was done by forming a team of hamlet and RT heads as the person in charge of the hamlet and the administrative staff as the village coordinator. Directing and controlling the team did not experience difficulties because each team had done the activity well. The obstacle of analyzing the external environment were the distance and the people's livelihood. Through this combination can produce solutions and solutions for the implementation of further activities.
Response of People in Tanah Papua in Assessing Special Autonomy as a Challenge and Achievement
Authors: Keliat Anton , Warsono Hardi , Kismartini Kismartini
Published: June 2021

This article aims to analyze the response of the people in Tanah Papua regarding Special Autonomy. Special autonomy in Papua both in Papua Province and West Papua Province is part of the realization of the 1945 constitution and Pancasila. Whereas with equitable justice and the level of welfare of the people in Indonesia, it must become a shared responsibility, both from the central government to the regional governments. The problem was focused on the influence of Special Autonomy in the land of Papua which had an impact on conflict and its development towards improving the welfare of the people in Papua through the responses of the people in assessing this special autonomy. In order to approach this problem, the theory of implementation of public policy by Abdul Wahab Solichin was used. The data were collected through a literature method or approach and were analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that with the response from the people in Tanah Papua, it will make this Special Autonomy better with autocritics from every element of Papuan society with an appropriate implementation pattern so that it has an impact on the level of prosperity and quality of the indigenous Papuan people.
KELAYAKAN CITRA HIDUNG SEBAGAI MODAL PENGENALAN INDIVIDU
Authors: Panjaitan Christin Erniati
Published: June 2021

Teknik biometrik merupakan salah satu teknik yang telah berkembang sejak tiga puluh tahun belakangan ini. Mengenali seseorang lewat bentuk fisik tubuhnya ataupun lewat kebiasaannya. Pola ukuran fisik dan kebiasaan ini jikalau diteliti lebih seksama lagi akan menunjukkan kandungan informasi yang berbeda setiap manusianya. Hal inilah yang menjadi sebuah kunci bagi peneliti untuk mengembangkan beberapa aplikasi dari data-data biometrik tersebut. Adapun dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan hidung sebagai objek penelitiannya. Sample hidung setiap orang akan diambil dan diproses untuk menemukan informasi apa yang bisa dijadikan parameter perbedaan setiap individu. Adapun dalam teknik pre-processing akan digunakan beberapa teknik seperti grayscale, median filter, image adjustment dan black white yang bertujuan untuk menyiapkan citra masuk kedalam tahap ekstraksi ciri. Setelah citra selesai melaui tahap pre-processing maka citra akan diekstrak dan nilai cirri setiap citra hidung akan disimpan di dalam database. Adapun nilai ciri yang diambil ada tujuh ciri. Dari ke-tujuh ciri ini akan diteliti nilai-nilai pixel setiap manusianya. Untuk proses pengujian maka akan dimasukkan citra individu yang sama dan melihat apakah sistem mengenalinya atau tidak. Proses identifikasinya menggunakan algoritma K-NN dimana setiap orang memiliki kelas-kelas tersendiri. Dari penelitian ini didapat akurasi 87 % untuk 12 orang dimana setiap orang diambil lima citra latih dan lima citra uji.
Analisis Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) dengan Metode HEART dan SPAR-H (Studi Kasus PT.X)
Authors: Riyanti Tita Dwi , Tambunan Willy , Sukmono Yudi
Published: June 2021

PT. X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang kontruksi jalan dan jembatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada proyek pembuatan drainase, dengan 5 tahap yaitu persiapan, pemotongan, perakitan, pengecoran dan pemasangan.  Terdapat beberapa kemungkinan kecelakaan kerja yang disebabkan oleh human error, dengan penerapan Human Reliability Assessment yang merupakan suatu cara analisis kegagalan dari manusia untuk penilaian resiko dan penyebab resiko diharapkan mampu mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan kerja yang ada. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode HEART (Human Error Assessment) dan SPAR-H (Standarized Plant Analysis Risk Human Reliability Assesment). Pada penelitian ini juga menggunakan Hierarchical Task Analysis dan Fault Tree Analysis yang berguna untuk membantu identifikasi kemungkinan-kemungkinan kecelakaan kerja serta untuk mengetahui nilai kecelakaan kerja terbesar dari masing-masing sub pekerjaan, nilai persentase HEP terbesar diperoleh dari hasil metode HEART yaitu 5,39% untuk tahap persiapan, 2,78% pada tahap pemotongan 1,88% pada tahap perakitan 5,52% pada tahap pengecoran dan 16,89% pada tahap pemasangan, sedangkan hasil persentase HEP dengan metode SPAR-H sebesar 4,26% untuk tahap persiapan, 1,06% pada tahap pemotongan, 1,67% pada tahap perakitan, 5,31% pada tahap pengecoran dan 16,76% pada tahap pemasangan, nilai tersebut kemudian diberikan beberapa rekomendasi sesuai dengan hasil dari kuesioner yang didapatkan seperti memberikan cukup waktu istirahat untuk pekerja agar mengurangi tingkat stress pekerja dan rekomendasi lainnya.
Disain Mitigasi Risiko Penularan Covid-19 di Lingkungan Industri Padat Karya dengan Metode FMEA
Authors: Santoso Sugeng , Putro Septian Sugestyo , Fatmawati Ari Ana , Putri Caesarani Gloria , Sa’dillah Sa’dillah
Published: June 2021

Indonesia has confirmed its first case of Covid-19 transmission on March 2, 2020 and since then the transmission of the virus has become more widespread and has created new epicenters. The epicenter always involves a crowd, including in labor-intensive factory areas. This research method uses quantitative-descriptive. Companies that operating labor-intensive require the involvement of large numbers of people. In the production process, the distance between workers is not far apart, thus increasing the risk of virus transmission. The latest case in September 2020, 150 employees of a factory in the city of Purbalingga tested positive for the Covid-19 virus. It is strongly suspected that transmission occurs in the work area through asymptomatic labor. With the continued occurrence of Covid-19 transmission in industrial areas, this article aims to submit a proposal for the application of a risk mitigation design for the risk of Covid-19 transmission in labor-intensive industries using the FMEA method, which includes the layout of the work area, the flow of human movement in the factory area, and the application of health protocols in the hope of helping labor-intensive industries in suppressing and preventing the transmission of Covid-19
Penggunaan TID-ID untuk Menonton di Sinema XXI pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Tuti Meylani , Jihan Shilviana
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the influence of e-commerce and brand image on customer satisfaction through purchase decisions. The population in this study are customer, namely film viewers at Cinema XXI North Jakarta and South Bekasi who use TIX ID more than twice. The sampling technique used purposive sampling by distributing google form on 275 viewers who bought tickets using TIX-ID. Data have been tested on the validity and reliability. The method data analysis is by using descriptive and quantitative. The quantitative analysis is conducted by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of this study indicates that e-commerce influences purchase decisions by t-value of 2.15, brand image influences purchase decisions by t-value of 5.63, e-commerce influences customer satisfaction by the t-value of 1.97, brand image influences customer satisfaction by the t-value of 2.56, purchase decisions influence customer satisfaction by the t-value of 3.07. Additionally, there is no significant indirect effect between e-commerce on customer satisfaction through purchase decisions by the t-value of 1.72, there is an indirect effect between brand image on customer satisfaction through purchase decisions by the t-value of 2.72.
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Jasa di BEI
Authors: Esomar Maria J F , Christianty Restia
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many hotels, restaurants and tourism activities to be temporarily closed. It has an impact on the financial performance towards the companies engaged in this sub-sector. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of Covid 19 towards the financial performance of companies engaged in the sub-sector of hotel, restaurant and tourism. Financial performance is measured using several ratios, namely liquidity ratios, solvability ratios, profitability ratios and market ratio. The ype of research is descriptive quantitave. The population in this study is 35 all companies in the sub-sector of hotel, restaurant and tourism listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2020 period. Samples are collected from 30 companies using purposive sampling method. Hypothesis testing is conducted using the Paired Sample t-Test. The empirical results show that, in the liquidity ratio, and market ratio there is no significant difference between the periods of before and after the first recorded Covid-19 case in Indonesia. Meanwhile, in the solvability ratio and profitability ratio, there are significant differences between the two periods.
Tata Kelola Kolaboratif Pada Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: Khasanah Rahma Putri , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Kasiwi Aulia Nur
Published: June 2021

This article aims to describe the role of the stakeholders involved in forming collaborative governance in community empowerment programs. The problem is focused on poverty alleviation. To approach this problem, the theoretical references from Ansell and Gash 2007 regarding the implementation of collaborative governance are used. Data is collected through literature study based on previous research and direct observation and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that research where collaborative governance among stakeholders, where the government is a facilitator, community activeness as well as institutional strengthening within it, as well as private sector assistance in community empowerment will produce a real contribution in national poverty reduction. The poor are no longer the object of mitigation, but rather the subject which in the whole process involves the community. With the empowerment program, the community has a job and eliminates the poor culture of the poor who only depend on direct assistance from the government.