bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise de internações por agravos respiratórios no estado de Sergipe entre 2010 e 2020
Authors: Franco Magaly Ribeiro , Silva Rômulo Rodrigues de Souza , Xavier Bruno Manoel Feitosa , Vieira Caroline Cordeiro , Xavier Lara Fernanda Feitosa , Resende Maria Suzana de Abreu Barros
Published: May 2022

Os agravos respiratórios constituem um problema de saúde pública e uma importante causa de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento epidemiológico de afecções respiratórias como causa principal de internações hospitalares nos serviços de referência para o SUS no estado de Sergipe, entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, com a finalidade de facilitar o planejamento e a efetivação de medidas que possam prevenir esses agravos. Os dados foram coletados através das bases de dados do Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS) e do IBGE e foram compilados em planilhas no programa Microsoft Office Excel. As análises dos dados foram feitas através do cálculo de frequências relativas, frequências absolutas, médias e desvio padrão das variáveis estudadas. Os dados obtidos mostraram um total de 75.058 internações por agravos respiratórios no período estudado em Sergipe, com uma média anual de óbitos de 11,3%. As doenças de base que levaram à maioria das internações foram pneumonia e asma. Além disso, essas internações foram mais prevalentes nos grupos de pessoas do sexo masculino, de crianças entre 0 e 4 anos, de pessoas de etnia parda e de pessoas que residem na região de saúde de Aracaju. Após análise através deste estudo, nota-se que Sergipe, apesar de apresentar taxas mais baixas de internações hospitalares e óbitos por afecções respiratórias, se comparado com os outros estados da Federação, segue em congruência com as prevalências apresentadas na literatura para gênero, etnia e diagnóstico principal como causa da internação.
Diferenças regionais no uso de tecnologias no ensino superior em saúde durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Darsie Camilo , Carneiro Marcelo , Galvão Maria Cristiane Barbosa , Ricarte Ivan Luiz Marques , Forster Aldaísa Cassanho , Ferreira Janise Braga Barros , Sampaio Samára dos Santos , Rocha Juan Stuardo Yazlle
Published: May 2022

Em decorrência da pandemia de Covid-19, muitos processos da vida foram modificados, demandando adaptações nos campos do trabalho, lazer e educação. Assim, objetivou-se verificar a utilização de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação – TIC, por graduandos, pós-graduandos e docentes, de cursos da saúde, nas cinco regiões do Brasil, durante a referida pandemia, a fim de contribuir com a discussão sobre o diagnóstico situacional brasileiro. Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem de estudo quantitativo e transversal, empregando-se um questionário disponibilizado na plataforma REDCap. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software R e o teste t de Student para avaliação de significância estatística. Participaram do estudo 1.172 docentes e discentes, sendo 7,5% da região Norte, 14,1% da região Nordeste, 5,8% da região Centro-Oeste, 48,5% da região Sudeste e 24,1% da região Sul. A análise da variação nacional do tempo de uso de TIC, de 2019 para 2020, demonstrou um acréscimo de 21,6% (p<0,05), sendo um aumento de 2,5% na região Norte, 12,6% na região Nordeste, 5,1% na região Centro-Oeste, 28,2% na região Sudeste e 24,8% na região Sul. Houve maior prevalência da utilização da tecnologia nas Instituições de Ensino Superior – IES públicas e privadas da região Sudeste (p<0,05) e nas IES privadas da região Sul (p<0,05). Embora o uso das TIC tenha possibilitado a continuidade das atividades de ensino de graduação e pós-graduação, dos cursos de saúde, as regiões possuem diferentes formas e possibilidades para se apropriarem das tecnologias que precisam ser consideradas pelas políticas públicas e no planejamento das IES.
Modeling and development of a low-cost didactic plant for teaching in multivariable systems
Authors: Pugliese Luiz Felipe , Oliveira Tiago Gaiba de , Silva Diogo Leonardo Ferreira da , Rodor Fadul Ferrari , Braga Rodrigo Aparecido da Silva , Amorim Gabriela Fonseca
Published: May 2022

This paper aims the planning, construction and modeling of a low-cost multivariable level plant for didactic purposes. The developed model has two pumps that feed four tanks coupled to each other. Between the tanks and the pumps, there are inlet and outlet valves that can change the system dynamics according to its opening configuration. To automate the pumps and read the instrumentation used, the Arduino microcontroller was chosen because it is a model of great use in the academic environment and of easy parameterization. For sensing, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor was chosen, which already has native compatibility with the microcontroller. In order to validate the constructed plant, it was necessary to identify its model, using the empirical step response method for this purpose. In this way, this work has both qualitative and quantitative characteristics, since the planning and construction of the didactic plant involved an exploratory research of the problem, and then the modeling and simulation method was applied to obtain the mathematical model of the plant. Finally, an experimental research was conducted, comparing the data obtained in the real plant with the model data for validation. Having completed all research stages, the work result is a didactic plant with good linearity, able to provide implementation of level control strategies of coupled tanks and to assist in teaching and learning subjects that involve concepts of dynamic systems, besides multivariable systems identification and control.
Atividade antioxidante, caracterização físico-química e estudo da bioatividade do óleo fixo de Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (Arecaceae) contra agentes patogénicos fúngicos
Authors: Viana Eugênio Santana , Alves João Victor de Oliveira , Aguiar Irivânia Fidelis da Silva , Silva Francisco Henrique Santana da , Silva Roger Luis da , Arruda Larissa Gomes de , Barbosa Maisa Fernanda dos Santos , Barbasa Bartira Victoria Dantas da Rocha , Amorim Luciclaudio Cassimiro de , Silva Paloma Maria da , Silva Marcia Vanusa da
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho avaliou as propriedades antioxidantes, o perfil Fisico-químico, o perfil dos ácidos graxos e a atividade antifúngica do óleo fixo da espécie vegetal Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng (Arecaceae). Esta planta é popularmente conhecida no Brasil como babaçu, baguaçu, coco de-macaco e, na língua tupi, uauaçu e apresenta uma enorme versatilidade quanto ao seu uso. Diferentes ensaios metodológicos foram empregados com a finalidade de caracterizar o perfil químico, físico-químico, antioxidante e antifúngico dessa espécie, onde os resultados se mostraram promissores, uma vez que a composição majoritária do óleo foi de Ácido Láurico, apresentando um total de 42,13%. Além disso, a atividade antioxidante demonstrou que, frente ao ácido gálico, o óleo apresentou capacidade antioxidante total de 733,5. A caracterização físico-química evidenciou aspectos relevantes, necessários para futuras incorporações e testes de estabilidade do óleo, como índice de acidez, índice de refração, índice de peróxido e viscosidade. Por fim, o óleo fixo apresentou atividade antifúngica relevante para todas as cepas fúngicas testadas, apresentando MIC de 3,1 mg/ml para Candida albicans, 6,3 µl/ml para Candida parapisilosis e 25,0 mg/ml do óleo da A. speciosa para Candida glabrata.
Avaliação da aprendizagem em Estatística: conhecimentos que emergem de um grupo de formação colaborativa de professores
Authors: Schreiber Karla , Porciúncula Mauren
Published: May 2022

Apresenta-se, nesse artigo, evidências da mobilização de conhecimentos docentes no campo da avaliação da aprendizagem em Estatística. Respaldando-se nas categorias teóricas relacionadas às compreensões profissionais, formuladas por Lee S. Shulman, e as discussões indicadas por Luckesi, sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem, considera-se um grupo de formação colaborativa de professores, como espaço de produção de registros verbais. Do grupo, sete encontros foram gravados, transcritos e, posteriormente, analisados, tendo em vista os pressupostos metodológicos do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Com isso, sete discursos foram construídos, sendo aqui analisado aquele que se relacionou aos processos avaliativos. Constatou-se, dessa forma, o necessário conhecimento do professor sobre os objetivos educacionais, os referenciais teórico-metodológicos, além do domínio sobre os temas e conteúdos estatísticos, as especificidades contextuais e curriculares, as aprendizagens e compreensões prévias dos discentes, circunstancias que delineiam as ações do professor no âmbito pedagógico.
HERIYADI HARIS: BIOGRAFI DAN PROSES KREATIF DI SANGGAR PERPEKINDO
Authors: Khairuz Zulfa
Published: May 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)Mendeskripsikan riwayat perjalanan hidup Heriyadi Haris sebagai seniman tari, (2)Mendeskripsikan Proses Kreatif Heriyadi Haris sebagai seniman tari di Sanggar PERPEKINDO dan (3) Mendeskripsikan hasil karya dan prestasi Heriyadi Haris sebagai seorang seniman tari. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumen. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah (1) Perjalanan Heriyadi Haris sebagai seniman tari cukup unik selama 40 tahun, beralihnya profesi dari atlit menjadi seorang seniman tari disebabkan karena telah ada ketertarikan terhadap kesenian sejak masa kecilnya, menurutnya tari tidak dibatasi usia dan memiliki sesuatu keindahan yang mampu mengangkat nama daerah sendiri. Tahun 1981  bergabung  dengan sanggar  PERPEKINDO, ketekunannya  menjadikan dirinya seorang  penari  hingga koreografer bahkan menjadi pimpinan sanggar tersebut pada tahun 2003. (2)Karakter dalam proses kreatifnya dipengaruhi kepribadiannya yang komunikatif, kooperatif dan selalu melibatkan anggota sanggar PERPEKINDO. Melalui 4 tahapan yaitu persiapan, inkubasi, iluminasi dan verifikasi atau evaluasi. (3).  Tahun  2011  menerima  Borneo Award  sebagai  seniman  tari di Kalimantan Selatan. Karya tari yang pernah diciptakan selalu berlatar budaya lokal baik Banjar atau Dayak yang ada di Kalimantan Selatan. Sekitar 40 karya,diantaranya telah mendapat berbagai prestasi dan ditampilkan ditingkat regional,nasional,serta internasional.
EKSISTENSI TARI DROP DARUET DARI ACEH PIDIE DAN UPAYA PELESTARIAN DI ERA MODERNISASI
Authors: Gusmail Sabri , Anwar Khairul
Published: May 2022

Tari Drop Daruet sebagai warisan peristiwa budaya daerah masih bertahan hingga saat ini. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui eksistensi tari Drop Daruet dan mengetahui upaya pelestariannya di era modernisasi. Lokasi penelitian di sanggar Cut Nyak Dhien Meligoe Gubernur Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Bagaimana eksistensi Tari Drop Daruet, 2) Upaya Sanggar Cut Nyak Dhien Meuligoe Gubernur Aceh dalam mempertahankan Tari Drop Daruet di era modernisasi. Sumber data utama diperoleh dari wawancara dengan informan, sedangkan sumber data lainnya diperoleh dari observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan (pengurus, pelatih, penari, pemusik dan masyarakat). Teknik analisis menggunakan model analisis data interaktif yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Mengacu pada teori Malinowski yang mengatakan budaya yang  lebih  tinggi  dan  aktif  akan  mempengaruhi  budaya  yang  lebih  rendah  dan  pasif melalui  kontak  budaya. Serta  Umar Kayam terkait tentang kesenian dan peran masyarakat pendukungnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tari Drop Daruet merupakan tari tradisi yang tidak banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat dan minimnya informasi akan keberadaan tari tersebut. Tari Drop Daruet diartikan sebagai bentuk seni yang berakar dan bersumber serta dirasakan sebagai milik sendiri oleh sanggar Cut Nyak Dhien Meuligoe Gubernur Aceh atau lingkungannya. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan tari tersebut hanya didasarkan pada kesadaran masyarakat pendukungnya yang dilakukan dari waktu ke waktu dan diwariskan secara regenerasi.
NILAI ESTETIKA DALAM TARI LENGGER PUNJEN DI DUSUN GIYANTI DESA KADIPATEN KECAMATAN SELOMERTO KABUPATEN WONOSOBO
Authors: Taranggana Haki Wanudya
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan nilai estetika dalam Tari Lengger Punjen di Dusun Giyanti Desa Kadipaten Kecamatan Selomerto Kabupaten Wonosobo. Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis kemudian ditarik kesimpulan, uji keabsahan data dengan metode triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian: 1. Tari Lengger Punjen merupakan  tari yang diciptakan untuk membuat nuansa baru pada kesenian  lengger, berfungsi sebagai hiburan, seni pertunjukan dan upacara. 2. Nilai estetika Tari Lengger Punjen dilihat dari unsur-unsur estetika yaitu wujud (bentuk dan struktur), terdapat bentuk intrance dan punjen (diangkat di bahu) serta struktur gerak murni dan gerak maknawi, bobot ditunjukkan pada suasana yang hikmat menggambarkan keluarga dan kematian, gagasan terinspirasi dari bentuk Tari Bondhan Kendi dengan pesan berisi pesan religius dan nasihat, penampilan ditunjukkan pada bakat dan keterampilan yang harus dilatih rutin dan sarana sebagai penunjang penampilan. 3. Nilai estetika Tari Lengger Punjen dapat dilihat dari prinsip nilai estetika yaitu keserasian melalui jumlah penari (berpasangan), rias busana, gerak, serta properti, keseimbangan melalui gerak pada saat dipunjen (diangkat di bahu), kekontrasan dilihat sangat mencolok dari pengembangan gerak tangan jika ditarikan oleh beberapa pasang penari karena tidak terlihat keserasian gerak antar penari. Kerumitan  melalui  atraksi  mengangkat  penari  putri (munji).
Facile Synthesis of Catalyst Free Carbon Nanoparticles From the Soot of Natural Oils
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Javed Mohsin , Iqbal Shahid , Mohyuddin Ayesha , Mahmood Qaiser , Abbas Qasir , Alfryyan Nada , Alqahtani Mashael D. , Alotaibi Mohammed T. , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Haroon Shah Muhammad , Raza Hamid
Published: May 2022

The growth of carbon nanostructures from vegetable oils using a modified conventional approach is a simple and environmentally friendly technology with controllable features. The goal of this study is to develop a simple and environmentally friendly process for making carbon nanoparticles using commercially available, low-cost vegetable oils. The technique involves the controlled burning of “Mustard”, “Olive”, and “Linseed” oils using the traditional clay lamps and collecting the carbon soot on a ceramic plate. The prepared carbon nanoparticles were purified through sonication and subjected to characterization using powder X-ray diffraction, SEM, Fourier transformed infrared, Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The average particle size of carbon nanoparticles as investigated by powder X-Ray Diffraction analyses was found to be 18, 24, and 57 nm for mustard, olive and linseed oils respectively. SEM analyses revealed the surface morphology of these carbon nanostructures as spherical particles. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) providing knowledge about the thermal stability of these carbon nanoparticles. The synthesized carbon nanoparticles were screened for antibacterial activities against different species (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Proteus refrigere and Staphylococcus aureus) and fruitful results have been obtained.
Influence of Mass Flow Rate on the Atomization Characteristics of Screw Conveyor Swirl Injectors
Authors: Wei Xianggeng , Feng Yiming , Ye Jinying , Li Na , Haidn Oskar J.
Published: May 2022

This study conducted cold flow experimental research on the influence of mass flow rate on the atomization characteristics of screw conveyer swirl injectors in an opening environment. The Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) and high-speed photography were utilized to obtain experimental data. The results showed that the mass flow rate greatly influenced the atomization establishment and working characteristics of the injectors. The design point selection of the injectors exerted significant influence on the flow range and the performances of the injectors in a steady-state operation. The Sauter mean diameter of the atomization field continued to decrease with the increase in the mass flow rate. As the distance to the injector exit increased, the Sauter mean diameter continued to decrease, and finally tended to be stable. The average particle diameter obtained by the current image-processing method was greater than that by PDPA; therefore, the image-processing method needs improvement.
3D Locating System for Pests’ Laser Control Based on Multi-Constraint Stereo Matching
Authors: Li Yajun , Feng Qingchun , Lin Jiewen , Hu Zhengfang , Lei Xiangming , Xiang Yang
Published: May 2022

To achieve pest elimination on leaves with laser power, it is essential to locate the laser strike point on the pest accurately. In this paper, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), similar in color to the host plant, was taken as the object and the method for identifying and locating the target point was researched. A binocular camera unit with an optical filter of 850 nm wavelength was designed to capture the pest image. The segmentation of the pests’ pixel area was performed based on Mask R-CNN. The laser strike points were located by extracting the skeleton through an improved ZS thinning algorithm. To obtain the 3D coordinates of the target point precisely, a multi-constrained matching method was adopted on the stereo rectification images and the subpixel target points in the images on the left and right were optimally matched through fitting the optimal parallax value. As the results of the field test showed, the average precision of the ResNet50-based Mask R-CNN was 94.24%. The maximum errors in the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis were 0.98, 0.68, and 1.16 mm, respectively, when the working depth ranged between 400 and 600 mm. The research was supposed to provide technical support for robotic pest control in vegetables.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Influence of Different Drum Forms of Peanut Harvester on Pod-Pickup Quality
Authors: Wang Bokai , Gu Fengwei , Cao Mingzhu , Xie Huanxiong , Wu Feng , Peng Baoliang , Hu Zhichao
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problems of high missed-pickup rate and crushed rate caused by different types of peanut harvester pickup drums, by tracking a field comparative experiment from 2020 to 2021, the missed-pickup rate, missed-pickup quality distribution, crushed rate and quality distribution rule of pods with different degrees of crushing observed in two peanut varieties with different pickup drums were studied. Three kinds of pod-pickup drums were set up: axial flow (T1), tangential flow (T2) and tangential–axial flow (T3), and they were installed on the pickup harvester to form three kinds of pickup and harvest test stands. At the same time, a control test stand (CK) without pod-pickup drums was set up. Peanut varieties “Shanhua 9” and “Huayu22” and 10 water content levels were used. Using Origin2018 software, the missed-pickup rate, missed-pickup quality distribution, crushed rate and the quality distribution of pods with different degrees of crushing were statistically analyzed for the two peanut varieties harvested by different pickup drums. The results showed that the average missed-pickup rate was T1, T2 and T3, in order from small to large. The order of pickup quality from more to less was small pods, medium pods and large pods, which indicated that small pods were more likely to be missed. The average pod crushed rates for T1, T2 and T3 for Shanhua 9 were 2.06%, 2.19% and 2.45%, and those of T1, T2 and T3 for Huayu22 were 1.74%, 1.91% and 2.23%, so the order of pod crushed rates from small to large was T1, T2 and T3. At the same time, the crushed rate of T1, T2 and T3 to the two varieties decreased obviously with the decrease in water content. After the T1 test, the proportion of medium and severely crushed pods was the least, followed by T2, and the highest was T3. At the same time, the higher the water content, the higher the proportion of medium and severely crushed pods, and the proportion of medium and severely crushed pods after the Huayu22 test was less than that of the Shanhua 9 test.
Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Agriculture Soil
Authors: Hu Lanfang , Feng Ziyi , Yu Yongxiang , Yao Huaiying
Published: May 2022

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial and agricultural production and introduced into soils. The impact of these nanoparticles on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission is unclear. We conducted a microcosm experiment to investigate the effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on soil N2O emissions and the abundance of functional genes related to N2O production/reduction. Compared to the soil without NPs addition, TiO2 NPs applied to the soil produced no significant effect on N2O emissions. The denitrification process in the soil exposed to CuO NPs was inhibited by reducing the functional genes related to nitrite reductase (nirK) and increasing N2O reductase (nosZ), while CuO NPs added to the soil stimulated the cumulative N2O emissions by 92.7%. After the application of Al2O3 NPs to the soil, the nitrification process was inhibited by inhibiting the functional genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB amoA), and soil N2O emission was reduced by 48.6%. Large-scale application of CuO NPs in agricultural soils may stimulate the N2O emissions resulting in potential environmental risks.
Effect of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract on Carbohydrates-Hydrolyzing Enzymes In Vitro
Authors: Balogun Olugbenga , Otieno Dammah , Brownmiller Cindi R. , Lee Sun-Ok , Kang Hye Won
Published: May 2022

Hindering the absorption of glucose through inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes is an efficient strategy for reducing hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of watermelon flesh extracts (WFE), rind extract (WRE), skin extract (WSE), and citrulline on intestinal carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and to identify their bioactive compounds. WSE showed higher bioactive compounds and total phenolic content than WFE and WRE. WFE, WRE, and WSE demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. WFE, WRE, and WSE inhibited α-glucosidase by 40~45% at a concentration of 60 mg/mL whereas 80 mg/mL citrulline showed a similar inhibitory effect. WRE and citrulline showed IC50 values of 0.02 and 0.01 mg/mL for maltase and sucrase, respectively. Citrulline at 20 mg/mL exhibited higher glucoamylase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibition than WFE, WRE, and WSE at the same concentration. Citrulline and WRE showed similar IC50 values for glucoamylase and α-amylase compared to 1 mg/mL acarbose. This study suggests that watermelon, including its byproduct parts possibly due to citrulline, has the potential for carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibition that is beneficial to reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.
Rose Pollen Management Methods to Improve Productivity
Authors: Jeong Na-Ra , Park Ki-Young
Published: May 2022

Roses are one of the most highly produced and purchased ornamental plants worldwide. Procurement and preservation of pollen is essential for the production of diverse rose varieties. In this study, we analyzed pollen management conditions, such as the pollen collection stage, drying time, and storage temperature, to determine optimal conditions for rose pollen management. Pollens were stored under different conditions and the pollen vitality and germination rate were investigated through an optical microscope. The vitality of pollen was an essential factor for rose breeding and depended on the storage conditions. Collecting pollen in the seventh flowering stage resulted in a relatively higher pollen yield. Drying the flower for 5 h after the anther opened improved pollen germination. The germination rate of freshly collected pollen was similar to that of pollen stored at temperatures between −20 °C and −72 °C for up to 30 days, indicating the efficacy of pollen storage at sub-zero temperatures. Since the rate of fruiting increases when pollination is performed three times, considering the time and cost of breeding, it is appropriate to pollinate three times to increase the number of seeds. This study provides an efficient pollen management method to collect and store pollen for breeding.
Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Oocyst Shedding, and Gut Health of in Broilers Infected with Eimeria Maxima
Authors: Choi Janghan , Tompkins Yuguo , Teng Po-Yun , Gogal Robert , Kim Woo
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, fecal moisture content, oocyst shedding, gut permeability, lesion score, intestinal morphology, apparent ileal digestibility, and the antioxidant and immune system of broilers infected with Eimeria maxima. A total of 420 one-day-old broilers were distributed to five treatments with seven replicates of 12 birds. The five treatments were the (1) sham-challenged control (SCC; birds fed a control diet and administrated with PBS); (2) challenged control (CC; birds fed a control diet and inoculated with E. maxima); (3) tannic acid 0.5 (TA0.5; CC + 500 mg/kg TA); (4) tannic acid 2.75 (TA2.75; CC + 2750 mg/kg TA); and (5) tannic acid 5 (TA5; CC + 5000 mg/kg TA). The TA2.75 group had significantly lower gut permeability compared to the CC group at 5 days post-infection (dpi). Supplementation of TA linearly reduced oocyst shedding of E. maxima at 7 to 9 dpi (p < 0.05). At 13 dpi, the TA2.75 group had significantly greater apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) compared to the CC group. At 13 dpi, supplementation of TA linearly increased jejunal villus height (VH). Thus, this study showed that supplementation of TA at levels of 500 to 2750 mg/kg has the potential to be an anti-coccidial agent against E. maxima in broilers.
Copy Number Variations Contribute to Intramuscular Fat Content Differences by Affecting the Expression of PELP1 Alternative Splices in Pigs
Authors: Wei Xia , Shu Ze , Wang Ligang , Zhang Tian , Zhang Longchao , Hou Xinhua , Yan Hua , Wang Lixian
Published: May 2022

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key meat quality trait. Research on the genetic mechanisms of IMF decomposition is valuable for both pork quality improvement and the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a type of variant that may influence meat quality. In this study, a total of 1185 CNV regions (CNVRs) including 393 duplicated CNVRs, 432 deleted CNVRs, and 361 CNVRs with both duplicated and deleted status were identified in a pig F2 resource population using next-generation sequencing data. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was then performed between CNVs and IMF, and a total of 19 CNVRs were found to be significantly associated with IMF. QTL colocation analysis indicated that 3 of the 19 CNVRs overlapped with known QTLs. RNA-seq and qPCR validation results indicated that CNV150, which is located on the 3′UTR end of the proline, as well as glutamate and the leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) gene may affect the expression of PELP1 alternative splices. Sequence alignment and Alphafold2 structure prediction results indicated that the two alternative splices of PELP1 have a 23 AA sequence variation and a helix-fold structure variation. This region is located in the region of interaction between PELP1 and other proteins which have been reported to be significantly associated with fat deposition or insulin resistance. We infer that the CNVR may influence IMF content by regulating the alternative splicing of the PELP1 gene and ultimately affects the structure of the PELP1 protein. In conclusion, we found some CNVRs, especially CNV150, located in PELP1 that affect IMF. These findings suggest a novel mechanistic approach for meat quality improvement in animals and the potential treatment of insulin resistance in human beings.
Comparison between Image-Guided Transbronchial Cryobiopsies and Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsies in Canine Cadaver: A Pilot Study
Authors: Falerno Ilaria , Tamburro Roberto , Collivignarelli Francesco , Della Salda Leonardo , Navas Luigi , Terragni Rossella , Crisi Paolo Emidio , Paolini Andrea , Simeoni Francesco , Vignoli Massimo
Published: May 2022

To date, the only method of sampling lung tissue with a high diagnostic yield is represented by surgical lung biopsies (SLB), which are highly invasive and have a high risk/benefit ratio. In humans, transbronchial lung cryobiopsies (TBLC) have recently been introduced, which are described to be less invasive and able to significantly increase diagnostic confidence in most patients with interstitial lung diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic yield of TBLC compared to SLB in small animals. A total of 21 pulmonary cryobiopsies under fluoroscopic and real-time CT fluoroscopic guidance and 21 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lung biopsies were collected from three dog cadavers. Upon histological examination, cryobiopsy samples were smaller than VATS biopsies, but were still large enough to reach a specific diagnosis or to allow pattern recognition. Morphological features on TBLC and SLB were concordant in all cases. Cryobiopsy samples showed fewer artifacts and a higher percentage of alveolar tissue than VATS samples. TBLC is a feasible and useful alternative to SLB for lung histopathological examination in dogs. The effectiveness and reduced invasiveness of TBLC compared to SLB could represent many advantages in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases in small animals.
Cefiderocol: Systematic Review of Mechanisms of Resistance, Heteroresistance and In Vivo Emergence of Resistance
Authors: Karakonstantis Stamatis , Rousaki Maria , Kritsotakis Evangelos I.
Published: May 2022

Cefiderocol appears promising, as it can overcome most β-lactam resistance mechanisms (including β-lactamases, porin mutations, and efflux pumps). Resistance is uncommon according to large multinational cohorts, including against isolates resistant to carbapenems, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and colistin. However, alarming proportions of resistance have been reported in some recent cohorts (up to 50%). A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus from inception to May 2022 to review mechanisms of resistance, prevalence of heteroresistance, and in vivo emergence of resistance to cefiderocol during treatment. A variety of mechanisms, typically acting in concert, have been reported to confer resistance to cefiderocol: β-lactamases (especially NDM, KPC and AmpC variants conferring resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam, OXA-427, and PER- and SHV-type ESBLs), porin mutations, and mutations affecting siderophore receptors, efflux pumps, and target (PBP-3) modifications. Coexpression of multiple β-lactamases, often in combination with permeability defects, appears to be the main mechanism of resistance. Heteroresistance is highly prevalent (especially in A. baumannii), but its clinical impact is unclear, considering that in vivo emergence of resistance appears to be low in clinical studies. Nevertheless, cases of in vivo emerging cefiderocol resistance are increasingly being reported. Continued surveillance of cefiderocol’s activity is important as this agent is introduced in clinical practice.
Investigation of the Azorean Camellia sinensis Processing Conditions to Maximize the Theaflavin 3,3′-di-O-Gallate Content as a Potential Antiviral Compound
Authors: Paiva Lisete , Lima Elisabete , Motta Madalena , Marcone Massimo , Baptista José
Published: May 2022

The molecular constituents of Camellia sinensis, in particular epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and, more remarkably, the galloylated theaflavins, mainly theaflavin-3,3′-di-O-gallate (TF-3,3′-DG), have been reported to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), an enzyme required for the cleavage of its polyproteins, to produce vital individual functional proteins for viral cell replication. Our results for total catechin content revealed the values of 174.72, 200.90, and 211.75 mg/g dry weight (DW) in spring, and the values of 183.59, 191.36, and 215.09 mg/g DW in summer, for tea plantation zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For the TF-3,3′-DG content, the values of 2.68, 1.13, and 3.72 mg/g DW were observed in spring, and the values of 3.78, 2.06, and 8.91 mg/g DW in summer for zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the same zone, different contents of TF-3,3′-DG were observed across plucking months of April, June, and August, with values of 1.13, 2.77, and 4.18 mg/g DW, respectively, showing higher values in summer. Different values of TF-3,3′-DG contents were also observed in the same tea plantation zone but from different plant parts, revealing higher values in the bud and the first and second leaves (3.62 mg/g DW) and lower values in the third and fourth leaves (1.14 mg/g DW). The TF-3,3′-DG content increased from 3.31 to 4.98 mg/g DW with increased fermentation time from 1 to 3 h, respectively, and increased for lower temperature and longer fermentation time. The aim of this study was to investigate the processing conditions that lead to maximum TF-3,3′-DG content and, given its potential impact as an inhibitor of the 3CLpro enzyme, to create a novel antiviral Azorean black tea.
Antioxidant Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Chuju) Extract on H2O2-Treated L-O2 Cells as Revealed by LC/MS-Based Metabolic Profiling
Authors: Zhan Ge , Long Men , Shan Kai , Xie Chong , Yang Runqiang
Published: May 2022

Chrysanthemum has a long history of being used to attenuate various oxidative stress-related discomforts and diseases; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the antioxidant effect of chrysanthemum aqueous extract was investigated, and the potential mechanisms were explored via a metabolomics study. Chrysanthemum extract could significantly inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated cell death in L-O2 hepatocytes. Propidium iodide staining and annexin V-PI dual staining revealed that the antioxidant effect of chrysanthemum extract was related to the relief of cell cycle arrest and inhibition of non-apoptotic cell damage. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were also upregulated by chrysanthemum extract. Through metabolomics studies, it was found that chrysanthemum extract mainly targeted the arginine synthesis pathway and purine metabolism pathway, in which antioxidation-related endogenous substrates including L-arginosuccinate, citrulline and inositol monophosphate were significantly upregulated by chrysanthemum extract. These results indicated that chrysanthemum extract can antagonize oxidative stress through multiple pathways and have potential therapeutic applications.
Yin and Yang of NADPH Oxidases in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Matsushima Shouji , Sadoshima Junichi
Published: May 2022

Oxidative stress is critically involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 and 4, major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes, are upregulated in response to I/R. Suppression of Nox-derived ROS prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to attenuation of myocardial I/R injury. However, minimal levels of ROS by either Nox2 or Nox4 are required for energy metabolism during I/R in the heart, preserving hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) levels. Furthermore, extreme suppression of Nox activity induces reductive stress, leading to paradoxical increases in ROS levels. Nox4 has distinct roles in organelles such as mitochondria, ER, and ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs). Mitochondrial Nox4 exerts a detrimental effect, causing ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction during I/R, whereas Nox4 in the ER and MAMs is potentially protective against I/R injury through regulation of autophagy and MAM function, respectively. Although Nox isoforms are potential therapeutic targets for I/R injury, to maximize the effect of intervention, it is likely important to optimize the ROS level and selectively inhibit Nox4 in mitochondria. Here, we discuss the ‘Yin and Yang’ functions of Nox isoforms during myocardial I/R.
Alanyl-Glutamine Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inhibiting Inflammation, and Regulating Autophagy
Authors: Hu Jiaji , Ying Hanglu , Zheng Yigang , Ma Huabin , Li Long , Zhao Yufen
Published: May 2022

Acute liver injury is a worldwide problem with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, and effective pharmacological therapies are still urgently needed. Alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide formed from L-alanine and L-glutamine, is known as a protective compound that is involved in various tissue injuries, but there are limited reports regarding the effects of Ala-Gln in acute liver injury. This present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ala-Gln in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury in mice, with a focus on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The acute liver injury induced using LPS (50 μg/kg) and D-galactosamine (D-Gal) (400 mg/kg) stimulation in mice was significantly attenuated after Ala-Gln treatment (500 and 1500 mg/kg), as evidenced by reduced plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.05, p < 0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) levels, and accompanied by improved histopathological changes. In addition, LPS/D-Gal-induced hepatic apoptosis was also alleviated by Ala-Gln administration, as shown by a greatly decreased ratio of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes, from approximately 10% to 2%, and markedly reduced protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) in liver. Moreover, we found that LPS/D-Gal-triggered oxidative stress was suppressed after Ala-Gln treatment, the effect of which might be dependent on the elevation of SOD and GPX activities, and on GSH levels in liver. Interestingly, we observed that Ala-Gln clearly inhibited LPS/D-Gal exposure-induced macrophage accumulation and the production of proinflammatory factors in the liver. Furthermore, Ala-Gln greatly regulated autophagy in the liver in LPS/D-Gal-treated mice. Using RAW264.7 cells, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory role of Ala-Gln-targeting macrophages.
Longitudinal Trim and Dynamic Stability Analysis of a Seagull-Based Model
Authors: Xue Dong , Song Bifeng , Song Wenping
Published: May 2022

Understanding the mechanisms of trim and flight stability in birds is critical to guide the design of bionic micro air vehicles. The complex movements (plunging, sweeping, twisting) and morphing of wings always keeps the flapping flight of birds in dynamic equilibrium, which makes it difficult to determine the critical factors of trim and stability. Hence, a model has been developed that takes real complex movement and the calculation of unsteady aerodynamics into consideration. Two trim methods, including wash-out and forward-sweep, have been used to achieve equilibrium in the longitudinal direction. It is interesting to find that these two methods are both important to realize a larger take-off weight, lower power consumption, and stronger longitudinal stability. This implies that the seagull probably uses both of them to obtain the requirement of equilibrium and stability, which further inspires the design of seagull-inspired micro air vehicles.
Detection of Walking Features Using Mobile Health and Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Sungchul , Lee Hyunhwa
Published: May 2022

This study identifies seven human subjects’ walking features by training a deep learning model with sensor data. Using the proposed Mobile Health Application developed for collecting sensor data from an Android device, we collected data from human subjects with a history of mild traumatic brain injury. The sensors measure acceleration in m/s2 with respect to: the X, Y, and Z directions using an accelerometer, the rate of rotation around a spatial axis with a gyroscope, and nine parameters of a rotation vector with rotation vector components along the X, Y, Z axes using a rotation vector software-based sensor. We made a deep learning model using Tensorflow and Keras to identify the walking features of the seven subjects. The data are classified into the following categories: Accelerometer (X, Y, Z); Gyroscope (X, Y, Z); Rotation (X, Y, Z); Rotation vector (nine parameters); and a combination of the preceding categories. Each dataset was then used for training and testing the accuracy of the deep learning model. According to the Keras evaluation function, the deep learning model trained with Rotation vector data shows 99.5% accuracy for classifying walking characteristics of subjects. In addition, the ability of the model to accurately classify the characteristics of subjects’ walking with all datasets combined is 99.9%.
Study on the Main Cable Curve of Suspension Bridge Based on the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) Method
Authors: Wei Zhaolan , Shen Minghui , Song Xiaodong , Wang Jian , Lv Mengting , Jia Shaomin , Han Peng
Published: May 2022

Determining a reasonable main cable curve is the foundation of suspension bridge design, and the accuracy and efficiency of the curve-finding problem are key to the design of a suspension bridge. To accurately obtain the completed curve of a main cable, force equations, which are nonlinear equations, need to be solved. In this study, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with inertia weight is presented to solve these nonlinear equations. Then, taking a double-tower three-span steel-box girder suspension bridge as the research background, the accuracy and efficiency of the IPSO method in finding the main cable curve are studied and then compared with those of the N-R iteration method and the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the proposed IPSO method has a high accuracy and a fast computing speed. Furthermore, the convergence under different bridge parameters is discussed, which demonstrates that the IPSO method has a strong adaptability.
Linear Proportional-Integral-Differential-Robustified Continuous-Time Optimal Predictive Control for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wu Guilin , Ang Haisong , Li Qingxi
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a novel robust optimal predictive control approach for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems perturbed by unknown disturbances. First, a new error state with a linear proportional-integral-differential (PID) structure considering current, accumulative, and derivative tracking errors is defined. Second, prediction of the error state within the predictive periods is expressed by the error state and its high-order derivatives according to the Taylor series expansion. Last, the proposed control law as well as the main result of this paper are derived by minimizing the prediction of the error state. Numerical validation for designing a missile autopilot shows that, due to minimizing the accumulative tracking error included in the PID-structuralized new error state, the proposed approach can generate smaller steady-state tracking errors than two commonly applied continuous-time optimal predictive control approaches whether the disturbances encountered by the missile are constant or time-varying.
Improved Dynamic Power Flow Model with Frequency Regulation by DFIG Integrated through VSC-HVDC Considering Governor Delay of SG
Authors: Sun Tingting , Huang Jiejie
Published: May 2022

The doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) integrated to the grid through the voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), the cascaded droop control from the system frequency to the DC voltage, then to the active output of the DFIG, was applied to enhance the frequency regulation capability of the power system. The improved dynamic power flow (DPF) model was newly proposed to quantify the frequency response of the coordinated regulation with the inertia of the VSC-HVDC and the DFIGs, and the primary regulation of the synchronous generators (SGs) and the DFIGs. New features of the proposed model include: (i) the SGs’ output in the DPF considering the governor delay, (ii) setting of the virtual inertia of the VSC-HVDC within the DC voltage constraint, and (iii) variable inertia of the DFIGs following changing the kinetic energy of the rotor. The numerical results show the feasibility of the proposed model, and validate the regulation effect and accuracy of the modified inertia of the DFIGs and the maximized virtual inertia of the VSC-HVDC.
Solar Position Algorithm Based on the Kepler Equation
Authors: Huang Weidong , Liu Bowen
Published: May 2022

When calculating the position of the sun, earth’s motion can be assumed to be an ellipse if the accuracy of calculation is required to be 0.01 degrees. Then, Kepler’s equation can be applied from the mean anomaly of the sun at a specific time to calculate the true anatomy of the sun at the time, and the sun’s position can be calculated. The average absolute error of calculating the sun’s altitude and azimuth is only 0.04 and 0.06 mrad, respectively, which can meet the requirements of a concentrated solar tracking system. This method only needs to correct the length of the regression year and the near point year for every 100 years, so it can be used for a long time.
Research on the Removal Mechanism of Resin-Based Coatings by Water Jet-Guided Quasi-Continuous Laser Cleaning
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhao Yugang , Meng Jianbing , Wang Ke , Zhao Guoyong , Li Li , Zheng Zhilong , Liu Guangxin , Cao Chen , Dai Di
Published: May 2022

Laser cleaning technology has the advantages of being green and efficient and is expected to become the most promising remanufacturing cleaning technology. However, the quasi-continuous laser can easily cause problems, such as a heat-affected zone and a recast layer on the substrate material, which limits the development of laser cleaning technology. The environmentally friendly water jet-guided quasi-continuous laser proposed in this paper is an innovative laser cleaning technology that can remove the resin-based coating on the metal substrate with high quality. The epoxy resin coating on the 304 stainless steel surface was cleaned by a water jet guided quasi continuous laser, and the surface morphology, surface element content, and surface roughness of the cleaning area were tested and analyzed. The removal mechanism of water jet-guided quasi-continuous laser cleaning technology was revealed, and the influence of process parameters on cleaning surface quality was found. The optimal process parameters were as follows: the energy density of the water jet-guided laser 17.5 J/cm2, the cleaning speed 135 mm/s, the cleaning line spacing 0.1 mm, and the laser pulse frequency 900 Hz. Therefore, this study is expected to be an important basis for water jet-guided quasi-continuous laser cleaning technology, and promote the development of water jet-guided laser cleaning technology.