bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La tensión entre las prioridades del estado y los intereses del mercado
Authors:   Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas Madrid, España, Berumen Sergio A.
Published: September 2021

In the social reality, the State and the market carryout specifi c coordination functions; these agents are closely related but their relation is permanently tense. This article is a refl ection on the tension generated between the priorities of the State and the market interests. The theoretical base from which it parts is basically liberal, although it has several minor changes which result pretty convenient (v.g. neoschumpeterian liberalism, Austrian liberalism, and public choice liberalism). The objective, far from proposing a concluding vision, is to demonstrate a part of the wide spread of conceptual liberal possibilities from which this object of study can be analyzed.
The flow of peoples: international migration as a revolutionary force
Authors:   Institut National Des Etudes Démographiques, Chesnais Jean Claude
Published: September 2021

History shows that migration usually moves from areas where population is growing fast to regions where this increase is slower. At present, immigration from poor regions to richer coun tries outstrips emigration from developed countries. A century ago in Europe and now in the poorest countries, migration has relieved tensions bred by declining mortality and accelerating popula tion growth. The map of international migration changes from decade to decade as each country’s demographic transition matures. Although historical migration fl ows still continue, this will not lead to a demographic explosion as fertility rates have declined signifi cantly and aging population increases all over the world. World population is estimated to remain stagnant at around 8 thousand million before it decreases slowly through this century. Thus, migration raises the challenge of a global multiethnic society.
¿Los nuevos cooperantes? relación entre migración, remesas y el potencial de los migrantes
Authors:   Zentrum für Ökonomische und Soziologische Studien, Gómez Schlaikier Sigrid
Published: September 2021

The target of a 38,5% of immigrants in the world is one of the APEC economies. This signifi cant fi gure should be deeply examined to fi nd out why these destinations are chosen, how immigrants contribute to these economies, how they are benefi ted when they migrate and how they contribute to their country of origin, such as Peru. This research was conducted on the basis of diverse data about emigration, immigration, remittances and, urban and rural population of the APEC member countries. The international data basically relies on the World Bank reports, while the Peruvian data is based on the information released by the Peruvian National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). The study seeks to provide new perspectives and to fi ll out gaps regarding migration and remittances. It also proposes diverse options such as immigration quotas and working visa lotteries in a decentralized manner among APEC economies, and defi nes the concept of migrant not only as a remittance sender, but also as a potential new aid worker when he returns to his country of origin.
Competitividad sostenible de la pequeña empresa: un modelo de promoción de capacidades endógenas para promover ventajas competitivas sostenibles y alta productividad
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Vargas Braulio , del Castillo Carlos ,   Universidad ESAN, Perú
Published: September 2021

In the past three decades, the competitiveness and productivity of the small enterprise have been favored by the government, business action and technical cooperation, which have made signifi cant contributions regarding promotion, development and provision of technical assistance. In the developing economies of the Asia Pacifi c region, these efforts are explained by the fact that the small enterprise contributes without question, to job generation, local economic dynamics, collective effi ciency of business network, and economic growth. In the economies of the region, most contributions have been channeled through public policies with a focus on capacity building. Nevertheless, according to preliminary studies in the main business clusters in Peru, the government’s promotion actions have not had a steady effect in competitiveness and productivity. Evidence suggests that business development services have a limited effect as they depend solely on external interventions. In contrast, successful entrepreneurship relies more on endogenous capacities. This article introduces a framework of promotion of the productivity and sustained competitiveness in the small enterprise, laying stress on endogenous capacities and an effi cient arrangement of external interventions.
Derivatives usage by non-financial firms in emerging markets: the peruvian case
Authors:   Universidad ESAN (Perú). Ph. D. in Economics and Business Sciences with specialization in Risk Management and Derivative Markets, UNED, Spain, Martin Miguel Ángel , Rojas Wolfgang ,   Universidad ESAN (Perú). Ph. D. in Economics and Business Sciences with specialization in Risk Management and Derivative Markets, UNED, Spain, Eráusquin José Luis ,   Universidad ESAN (Perú). Ph. D. in Economics and Business Sciences with specialization in Risk Management and Derivative Markets, UNED, Spain, Yupanqui Dayana ,   Universidad ESAN (Perú). Ph. D. in Economics and Business Sciences with specialization in Risk Management and Derivative Markets, UNED, Spain, Vera Édgar ,   Universidad ESAN (Perú). Ph. D. in Economics and Business Sciences with specialization in Risk Management and Derivative Markets, UNED, Spain
Published: September 2021

Financial derivatives markets have reached a remarkable development in recent years, but this pattern has not attained the same strength in developing countries. In consequence, an important question arises: what is the development degree of financial derivatives markets in emerging countries and which variables influence the use of derivatives in the top companies? To analyze this topic, Peru has been chosen as a reference and the Non-Financial Firms as well. In order to enhance objectivity, an empirical study has been conducted through a structured survey directed to chief financial managers of companies classified among the TOP 1000 in the country. This information was collected in order to explain the effect of the determinants that influence the development of financial derivatives in Peru. The results show that the use of derivatives in Peru is low and the relevant factors affecting its development are the degree of training in derivatives and the market regulation. This outcome suggests that there should be patterns of behaviour for market agents and government entities to promote the use of derivatives, as well as provide information for future research that might contribute to establish the most adequate mechanisms for market-development purposes.
Applying Chaid to Identify the Accounting-Financial Characteristics of the Most Profitable Real Estate Companies in Spain
Authors:   University of Granada, Rayo Salvador , Cortes Antonio M. ,   University of Granada
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is the determination, from an empirical perspective, of the accounting and financial features which could condition financial profitability of real estate companies, to identify the performances that guarantee its permanency in the current marketplace, characterized by the world economic crisis, specially in Spain, whose housing sector represents an important contributor to the economic growth. Although at a theoretical level the DuPont Model establishes the relationships between a group of accounting ratios and financial profitability. This paper uses a sample of 5,484 Spanish real estate companies to quantify these relationships and to extract the most relevant ones and to obtain the patterns of the most profitable companies. We use ROE to measure profitability and we analyze various independent variables about solvency, liquidity, activity, turnover, financial equilibrium and investment structure. The main contribution is of methodological nature, as we have applied statistics tools that do not require initial hypotheses on the distribution of the variables, by using a data mining technique of classification and regression tree based on rule induction algorithms known as CHAID. The study provides quantitatively success profiles by means of a set of rules describing the patterns of the most profitable companies.
Effect of Public Educational Spending and Macroeconomic Uncertainty on Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors:   University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Oladoyin Dauda Risikat
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effect of government educational spending and macroeconomic uncertainty on schooling outcomes in Nigeria using the econometric methods of cointegration and error correction mechanism together with the vector autoregression methodology. The results indicate that schooling outcome cointegrated with all the identified explanatory variables. The study found that public educational spending impacts positively on schooling outcome while macroeconomic instability impacts negatively. The variance decomposition analysis shows that “own shocks” constitute the predominant source of variation in schooling outcome. The impulse response analysis shows that any unanticipated increase in the macroeconomic uncertainty rate will have a contractionary impact on literacy rate. The policy implication of this study is that government should pay attention to policies that enhance educational attainment through adequate public social investment under stable macroeconomic environment.
Análisis de comportamiento caótico en variables de la cadena de suministro
Authors:   Universidad EAFIT, Bogotá, Colombia, Ramírez Sergio A. , Peña Gloria E. ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Escuela de Ingeniería de la Organización, Medellín
Published: September 2021

In this article we develop a supply chain model of four levels through the utilization of system dynamics with Ithink® and Mathlab® softwares to analyze data. The supply chain is studied from the chaos theory perspective, which helps identifying the sensitive variables that can lead to a state of chaos. A generic structure model that comprehends factory links, distribution, wholesale, retail and the client is constructed. The difficulty of operations and logistics managers to decide how much to order and when to do it is simulated accordingly to what occurs in the links of the preceding and subsequent levels with two decision parameters: The first parameter denominated A indicates the participation (between 0 and 1) of the number of product units that are taken into account in the actual stock and the pending orders at the moment of performing an order. The second parameter, denominated B, is the participation (between 0 and 1) of the number of units in the supply line (in transit) at the moment of performing orders of each of the links of the supply chain.
Conducting Virtual Qualitative Interviews with International Key Informants: Insights from a Research Project
Authors: Hicks Nytasia , Millar Roberto , Girling Laura , Cummins Phyllis , Yamashita Takashi
Published: September 2021

There is an increasing need for cross-cultural qualitative studies in an era of globalization. A focus group of five researchers, who were involved in a large international research project, identified effective strategies and challenges associated with five key domains of qualitative research with key informants: identification, recruitment, preparation, conducting the interview, and follow-up. Content analysis revealed nuanced tactics related to effective strategies and challenges associated with each domain. Examples of effective strategies include interview preparation to understand the specific expertise of the interviewee and allowing the informant to offer additional information beyond the questions asked. Challenges included technical difficulties with virtual platforms and scheduling interviews in multiple time zones. These findings provide practical guidelines for researchers conducting virtual interviews with international key informants.
Osteoporose induzida por glicocorticoides
Authors: Silva Alex Rocha Bernardes da , Szejnfeld Vera Lúcia
Published: September 2021

Virtualmente todas as doenças reumatológicas possuem os glicocorticoides dentro do arsenal terapêutico, seja como terapia inicial ou adjuvante. Corticoterapia está associada à rápida e precoce perda óssea, além de aumento no risco de fraturas. O aumento no risco de fraturas foi demonstrado mesmo em doses entre 2,5-7,5 mg/dia de prednisona ou equivalentes. Dose e duração da corticoterapia devem ser abreviadas para todos os pacientes. Adultos em programação de uso de prednisona ≥ 2,5 mg por ≥ 3 meses devem receber orientação de reposição de cálcio e vitamina D, assim como incentivo a exercícios de fortalecimento muscular, prevenção de quedas, dieta hipossódica, evitar ingestão de álcool e cessação do tabagismo. Avaliação inicial do risco de fraturas é recomendada em todos os pacientes, sendo indicada a realização de densitometria óssea e aplicação do escore FRAX em adultos maiores de 40 anos, história pessoal de fraturas por fragilidade ou presença de fatores de risco para perda óssea. Recomenda-se ajuste no FRAX naqueles em uso de prednisona ≥ 7,5 mg ou equivalentes. Bisfosfonatos orais (alendronato e risedronato) são terapia de primeira linha naqueles com indicação de tratamento farmacológico, com a possibilidade de uso de bisfosfonato endovenoso (ácido zoledrônico) nas contraindicações ao bisfosfonato oral. Avaliar individualmente o uso de teriparatida devido ao alto custo. Denosumabe não é tipicamente prescrito em razão do risco de perda óssea acelerada após sua suspensão. Especial atenção é necessária nas mulheres em idade fértil ou gestantes. A decisão terapêutica deve sempre ser compartilhada entre paciente e médico assistente.

Unitermos: Osteoporose. Glicocorticoides. Corticosteroides. Fratura por fragilidade. Tratamento.
IMPOLITENESS STRATEGIES AND POWER PERFORMED BY NETIZENS ON TWITTER
Authors: Pangaribuan Rugun Mastiar , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah , Lubis Roma Ayuni
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to find out the impoliteness strategy used by netizens in commenting on actor's tweets and the forms of tweet comments made by netizens. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method. The sources of data were tweeted by Jefri Nichol, one of the famous actors in Indonesia. In analyzing the data, the Theory of Culpeper (1996) describes the kinds of impoliteness strategies that netizens used in their tweet comments. This research shows that there are five data of tweet comments categorized into four types: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm or mock politeness. This research uses the Theory of Beebe (1995) and Bousfield (2008) for power performed, which categorized as superior, get authority over actions, dominate a conversation, emphasize the power hierarchy, and reactivate the power. The findings show that the netizens were angry and uncomfortable with Jefri's tweet because his tweet was like carrying someone's physical or face, where the things like this were a sensitive topic.
KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS DISCRIMINATION AGAINTS WOMEN (CEDAW) ATAS HAK PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA.
Authors: Siahaan Ade Yuliany , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: September 2021

Dalam hubungan antar kelompok sosial sering kali muncul ketidakseimbangan kekuatan sehingga memicu timbulnya diskriminasi. Perbedaan gender merupakan salah satu alasan terjadinya diskriminasi, bukan hanya di Indonesia melainkan juga pada masyarakat internasional. Perempuan kerap merasakan ketidakadilan karena dianggap lemah dan memiliki keterbatasan hak dibandingkan lelaki padahal hak perempuan sesungguhnya juga bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Pemerintah Indonesia melindungi hak Perempuan dalam Konstitusi Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945, namun hal ini tak serta merta mengurangi diskriminasi dilingkungan masyarakat. Berbagai kebijakan pemerintah serta usaha masyarakat Indonesia dilakukan untuk memberantas diskriminasi dan melindungi hak-hak perempuan. Salah satu usaha pemerintah Indonesia dalam melindungi hak perempuan ialah dengan meratifikasi konvensi yang berkenaan dengan kaum perempuan serta membahas penghapusan diskriminasi yakni Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Konvensi ini menjadi tonggak baru bagi kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam melindungi hak-hak perempuan di Indonesia
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR CAMAT TIGABINANGA KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Karo Novalina Kartika Sari Br , Sihombing Marlon , Ginting Simson
Published: September 2021

The theory used in the motivation variable is Herzberg's Motivation Theory in which motivation is divided into two, namely intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, then Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. One of the data collection techniques used in this research is through questionnaires and literature review of the object under study. From the results of hypothesis testing with a simple correlation (bivariate) that has been done, it shows that: There is a strong and real positive relationship between Employee Work Motivation (X) and Work Productivity (Y). This shows that the higher the level of work motivation, the better the performance will be. The partial correlation hypothesis testing shows that: There is a positive and real relationship between Work Motivation (X) and Work Productivity (Y), which indicates that the higher the level of Work Motivation, the better the productivity. The correlation value between X and Y is 0.714, indicating that there is a close relationship between Work Motivation and Work Productivity. Hypothesis testing to see the relationship between the level of motivation and productivity is tested simultaneously. The test results show that there is a close and real relationship between the level of work motivation and work productivity, which is equal to 0.714
seguimiento y acompañamiento del docente en formación. “una mirada al trabajo transversal”
Authors: Gamas Ocaña María Guadalupe , Torres Mayo María Belén , Madrigal Esquivel Karen Johanna
Published: September 2021

Se presenta un avance de los resultados de la práctica profesional de los docentes en formación, que ha tenido por objetivo brindarles seguimiento y acompañamiento permanente, propiciando la reflexión del quehacer para aproximarse a la autonomía en la toma de decisiones de sus prácticas. Por el momento, sólo se presentan resultados de los indicadores relacionados con el trabajo transversal. La metodología es de enfoque cualitativo empleándose fundamentalmente la técnica de observación en tiempos y situación real del trabajo pedagógico, requiriendo como instrumento una guía de observación.

Abstract

It presents an advance of the results of the professional practice of the teachers in training, which has had as objective to provide them follow-up and permanent accompaniment, propitiating the reflection of the work to approach the autonomy in the decision making of their practices. At the moment, only results of indicators related to transversal work are presented. The methodology is of qualitative focus, basically employing the observation technique in times and real situation of the pedagogical work, requiring as an instrument an observation guide.
Actitudes docentes de profesores de educación básica ante la integración de las TIC en la región indígena Tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas
Authors: Avendaño Porras Víctor Del Carmen , Alfonzo Albores Iris , Trejo Catalá José Humberto
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de las actitudes que tienen los docentes de la región indígena tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas ante la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en los salones de clase del nivel básico. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio que permitió recuperar diversos datos, mediante la aplicación de una escala de actitudes de tipo Likert, a una muestra determinada. Los resultados aportan información relativa al cambio actitudinal de los docentes frente al uso de las TIC en el contexto educativo, lo cual permite establecer nuevos métodos para adaptar los contenidos y la metodología en este sentido.

Abstract

This article focuses on the study of the attitudes of teachers in the Tsotsil indigenous region of the Highlands of Chiapas to the inclusion of information and communication Technologies (ICT) in the classrooms of the basic level. An exploratory study Was carried out that allowed to recover diverse data, by means of the application of a scale of attitudes of type Likert, to a given sample. The results provide information regarding the attitudinal change of the teachers against the use of ICTS in the educational context, which allows to establish new methods to adapt the contents and methodology in this regard.
Respiratory muscle strength in patients after COVID-19
Authors: Savushkina OI , Malashenko MM , Cherniak AV , Krjukov EV , Sinitsyn EA , Zykov KA
Published: September 2021

Respiratory muscles (RM) are a very important part of the respiratory system that enables pulmonary ventilation. This study aimed to assess the post-COVID-19 strength of RM by estimating maximum static inspiratory (MIP or PImax) and expiratory (MEP or PEmax) pressures and to identify the relationship between MIP and MEP and the parameters of lung function. We analyzed the data of 36 patients (72% male; median age 47 years) who underwent spirometry, and body plethysmography, diffusion test for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and measurement of MIP and MEF. The median time between the examinations and onset of COVID-19 was 142 days. The patients were divided into two subgroups. In subgroup 1, as registered with computed tomography, the median of the maximum lung tissue damage volume in the acute period was 27%, in subgroup 2 it reached 76%. The most common functional impairment was decreased DLCO, detected in 20 (55%) patients. Decreased MIP and MEP were observed in 5 and 11 patients, respectively. The subgroups did not differ significantly in MIP and MEP values, but decreased MIP was registered in the second subgroup more often (18%). There were identified no significant dependencies between MIP/MEP and the parameters of ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange. Thus, in patients after COVID-19, MIP and MEP were reduced in 14 and 31% of cases, respectively. It is reasonable to add RM tests to the COVID-19 patient examination plan in order to check them for dysfunction and carry out medical rehabilitation.
The New Modification of the Approximating Functions Method for Cloud Computing
Authors:   Dr.Math., Kharkov, Ukraine, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-7810, Zolotariov Denis
Published: September 2021

Abstract The approach for building cloud-ready fault-tolerant calculations by approximating functions method, which is an analytical-numerical part of Volterra integral equation method for solving 1D+T nonlinear electromagnetic problems, is presented. The solving process of the original algorithm of the method is modified: it is broken down into the sequential chain of stages with a fixed number of sequential or parallel steps, each of which is built in a fault-tolerant manner and saves execution results in fault-tolerant storage for high availability. This economizes RAM and other computer resources and does not damage the calculated results in the case of a failure, and allows stopping and starting the calculations easily after manual or accidental shutdown. Also, the proposed algorithm has self-healing and data deduplication for cases of corrupted saved results. The presented approach is universal and does not depend on the type of medium or the initial signal. Also, it does not violate the natural description of non-stationary and nonlinear features, the unified definition of the inner and outer problems, as well as the inclusion of the initial and boundary conditions in the same equation as the original approximating functions method. The developed approach stress-tested on the known problems, stability checked and errors compared.
LA EFICACIA DE LAS MEDIDAS DE PROTECCIÓN EN LOS CASOS DE VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR EN ECUADOR
Authors: Castillo Martínez Eduardo Xavier , Ruiz Castillo Santiago Vinicio
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo académico, tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis respecto de la eficacia de las medidas de protección, específicamente en temas de violencia intrafamiliar, las consecuencias que trae consigo un mal uso de las medidas de protección y la falta de un seguimiento oportuno por parte del Estado ecuatoriano. Es importante recalcar que, el Estado como garante de derechos es el encargado de velar por la seguridad y la integridad de la familia ecuatoriana, así como, de resguardar sus derechos y garantías constitucionales; pues, es evidente que en nuestro medio la violencia familiar es un tema que crece a pasos agigantados día a día, y es por ello precisamente que se hace necesaria la oportuna actuación del Estado ecuatoriano.
A Study on Infant Feeding Practices and Growth Assessment in
Field Practice Area of PIMS, Karimnagar
Authors: Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2021

Background: The common cause of deaths in 50% of children
below the age of 5 years is undernutrition. It is estimated that
13 – 16% of these deaths can be easily avoided by exclusive
breastfeeding in the first 6 months. An additional 6% of deaths
may be avoided by appropriate complementary feeding till the
age of 2 years. We in the current study tried to evaluate the
infant feeding practices in the field are of PIMS, Karimnagar.
Methods: The variables recorded wereReligion, Literacy status,
and socioeconomic status: Socio-economic status was recorded
based on Modified Kuppuswamy Classification.Type of family,
Type of House, Birth Weight, and Immunization status. A Predesigned and pre-tested proforma was used the investigator
interviewed the mother in the local language using a
predesigned proforma. Each infant-mother was interviewed
for about 40 minutes. Sample size calculation AP prevalence
of exclusive breastfeeding is 67.2 (NFHS -3), Calculation of
sample size for qualitative data the total was rounded to n=400
Results: And all the babies were given colostrum feeding. 302
(75.4%) of mothers had initiated breastfeeding within 2-4 hours
followed by 85 (21.3%) who were breastfed within the first
one hour, 8(2%) who were breastfed within 7-12 Hrs, 4(1%)
who were breastfed within 12-24 hrs. Weight for age, 284 (71%)
of childrenwere normal, 86 (21.5%) were moderately
underweight and 30 (7.5%) wereseverely underweight.When
length for age was assessed, 58 (14.5%) weremoderately
stunted and 24 (6%) severely stunted. For length for weight,
thepresent study observed that 87 (21.75%) had moderate
wasting and 43(10.75%) had severe wasting. A significant
difference was noted betweenboys and girls with regards to
weight for age and length for weight.
Conclusion:
The overall new-born care practices were good in the
present study area. The majority (99%) of the deliveries were
conducted in institutions by a skilled birth attendant. Three
fourth of the women had an interval of 25-36 months between
the previous two successive deliveries. Most (94.1%) of the
new-born were wrapped immediately after birth and bathing
of the new-born was delayed till 2 days (70.6%) to avoid
hypothermia. However, practices like application on the
umbilical cord and giving bath to the new-born were also
observed on certain occasions.
Caries y salud bucal, percepciones acerca de la enfermedad.
Authors: Santos Madrigal Natalia Odeth , Moreno Alejandra , Lara Flores Norma Laura
Published: September 2021

La caries dental es una enfermedad con elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, su identificación y tratamiento es fundamental en edades tempranas. Objetivo: Medir la prevalencia de caries dental en niñas y niños en edad preescolar y comprender su relación con la percepción de sus madres, respecto a su salud bucal. Materiales y métodos. La metodología del estudio, mixta. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 213 preescolares, de 3 a 6 años de edad que fueron revisados clínicamente para determinar la prevalencia de caries y el índice ceo-d-, de acuerdo con estándares de la OMS. Se utilizó un cuestionario y una entrevista cualitativa para conocer la percepción de la salud bucal de las madres y sus hijos.  Resultados. La prevalencia de caries dental observada fue de 69% con un índice ceo-d fue de 4,34. Más de la mitad de las madres, 53,4% calificaron la salud bucal de sus hijos como “regular". Las madres identificaron la presencia de caries dental en sus hijas e hijos, pero no en etapas iniciales. La percepción de las madres acerca de la salud bucal de sus hijos estuvo asociada con baja escolaridad y limitado acceso a los servicios odontológicos derivados de sus condiciones socioeconómicas. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de caries dental en niños en edad preescolar se asoció con sus condiciones de vida y la precepción de la salud bucal de sus madres. Son necesarias estrategias de promoción y prevención, orientadas profesionalmente, que enfaticen la importancia de la salud bucal en el desarrollo de los preescolares.
Avaliação orofacial de crianças com Síndrome de Prader-Willi
Authors: Frascino Alexandre , Rocha Franco Ruth , Sakura Ito Simone , Buff Gouveia Passone Caroline , Cominato Louise , Pedroso Fabrício , Genovez Fernanda , Machado Fernanda , Araújo Micaele , Carneiro Milena , Pedroso Novelli Patrícia , Maciel Samara , Damiani Durval
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal e o crescimento craniofacial de pacientes pediátricos com Síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW), em comparação a crianças obesas não-sindrômicas.

Métodos e resultados: Foram selecionadas 40 crianças com SPW e 40 controles não obesos com SPW, com idade de 10,9 anos (controle: 11,89 anos) e IMC 22,72 kg / m2 (controle 36,43 kg / m2). Foram avaliados o número de dentes, tipo de dentição, presença de cárie, sangramento gengival, má oclusão, acúmulo de placa bacteriana, erosão dentária, hiperplasia gengival e hipoplasia do esmalte. Os questionários avaliaram os hábitos de higiene bucal. Radiografias panorâmicas avaliaram o crescimento craniofacial.

O grupo caso teve um número 6,8% menor de dentes em comparação ao grupo controle. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante no sangramento gengival, erosão dentária e hipoplasia do esmalte (p = 0,009; p = 0,02 ep = 0,006, respectivamente). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante, observou-se um número aumentado de lesões de cárie e apinhamento dentário em crianças com SPW (p = 0,35 ep = 0,07). Ambos os grupos apresentaram má higiene dental. As crianças com SPW apresentaram crescimento aumentado do ramo mandibular com diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,03).

Conclusão: As crianças com SPW apresentaram sangramento gengival estatisticamente aumentado e hipoplasia do esmalte do que os controles não obesos com SPW. Crianças com SPW podem apresentar crescimento vertical craniofacial aumentado. Mais investigações são necessárias para essa população.
Consumo de bebidas en pré-escolares
Authors: Pistochini A , Pisaniak S , Marco V , Doño R
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Los hogares han incorporado masivamente el consumo de bebidas ácidas. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en alumnos de un jardín de infantes el patrón de consumo de bebidas de uso frecuente y el estado dentario.
Material y métodos: Sobre un total de 53 alumnos de una jardín público, 21 hombres y 32 mujeres con una edad promedio de 3,86(± 0.98DS), se realizó una encuesta a los padres de carácter anónimo, referida a salud general, medidas preventivas educativas y consumo de bebidas. Sobre una muestra de 26 alumnos seleccionados aleatoriamente se realizó examen dentario y se confeccionó ceod, ceos, pérdida de tejido dentario, según Smith y Knight (1984). Se realizó distribución de la frecuencia de las variables de la encuesta; media y ES de los indicadores dentarios y correlación de las variables.
Resultados: La distribución de frecuencia mostró: recibe medicamentos 9%, presenta antecedentes de alergia 28%, tiene asma 6%. Los momentos de azúcar x fue de 4,76 ± 0,219 El 19% recibe aplicación tópica de fluoruros, 73% usa pastas fluoradas. El 41% se cepilla 2 veces por día; .Las bebidas preferidas resultaron los jugos, 89%. El 69% gaseosas, 28% bebidas deportivas y un 19% bebidas a base de soja. El consumo antes de dormir era de un 40 %,y el 11% usaba mamadera. El ceod fue de 3.38 ±0,779, con un componente cd de 2,961±0,665 y el ceos de 5 ± 1,708, con un cs de 3,84±1,05. El 81% presentó pérdida de tejido dentario, principalmente o/y Bucal.
Conclusión: La escasa aplicación de medidas preventivas, los patrones de consumo de bebidas en edades tempranas y el incremento de las erosiones hace necesario implementar acciones de educación para la salud en las escuelas.
Editorial
Authors: Perona Guido , Calixto Fabián
Published: September 2021

La Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana cumple con la edición semestral llevando información a nuestros profesionales y estudiantes de latinoamérica.
La Revista pretende ser un instrumento de la integración de la odontología latino-americana, divulgando nuestra producción científica y facilitando el intercambio científico cultural entre nuestros países. Esta es una aspiración legítima y coherente con el esfuerzo de cooperación solidaria en las áreas económicas político-sociales que nuestros países viene desarrollando, debemos aprovechar ese momento para consolidar, a través de acciones integradoras como es la Revista, nuestros lazos también en la odontopediatría. Aunque debamos respetar las características de cada país y región, tenemos diversos problemas en común siendo que los investigadores latino-americanos tienen la capacidad de estudiarlos, comprenderlos y desarrollar estrategias que visen su superación. Para tanto, conocer la realidad de todos los países es fundamental para nuestra aproximación y trabajo conjunto.
Transtornos de alimentación en adolescentes y sus implicancias en la salud bucal
Authors: Flores Barrantes Lorena , Vargas-Machuca Mónica Valdivieso
Published: September 2021

Los trastornos de alimentación hoy en día son uno de los problemas más importantes que pone en riesgo la salud y a veces hasta la vida de muchos adolescentes en el mundo. Las causas de los trastornos de alimentación son aún desconocidas sin embargo factores sociales, culturales, genéticos y psiquiátricos serían los posibles causales de esta enfermedad. Trastornos como la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosa han venido siendo estudiados por mayor tiempo, sin embargo hoy se conocen otros tipos de alteraciones las cuales ya son consideras como desordenes de alimentación y que requieren tratamiento multidisciplinario.
En la cavidad oral de pacientes con desordenes alimenticios podemos encontrar algunos signos que nos hacen sospechar del problema o nos confirman el mismo, estos deben ser conocidos por el odontólogo para su diagnóstico oportuno y adecuado manejo.
El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es proporcionar al odontólogo los conocimientos generales sobre los diferentes tipos de trastornos alimenticios así como sus signos y síntomas para dar un correcto diagnóstico y acertado tratamiento.
Tratamiento de la Maloclusión Clase III en el paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso
Authors: Pabón Angelica M , LM Aristizábal , JA Hernández
Published: September 2021

El tratamiento temprano de las alteraciones oclusales y esqueléticas devuelve la armonía y funcionalidad al complejo craneofacial, simplifica los procedimientos correctivos, reduce las necesidades de exodoncias de dientes permanentes y trae beneficios psicológicos a los pacientes, así mismo provee las condiciones necesarias para que cada paciente exprese su potencial de crecimiento.
Es importante el tratamiento de estas maloclusiones tan pronto se identifican, puesto que ayudaran a un mejor manejo. La máscara facial de protracción es una excelente opción para el tratamiento de la maloclusión clase III especialmente si se combina con expansión rápida del maxilar y se continua con AOF.
En este artículo presentamos la terapia realizada a un paciente de 7 años con maloclusión clase III esquelética y la evolución del caso durante seis años.
Retención y efecto anticariogénico de los selladores en molares primarios. Ensayo clínico controlado
Authors: Luengo-J Jesús Alberto , Mena Martínez Sarahí , Carlos Medrano Luz Elena , Toscano García Iovanna
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar la retención y efecto anticariogénico de los selladores en molares primarios. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico, controlado, ciego simple, con diseño de boca dividida, en 320 segundos molares primarios libres de caries de 80 niños con edades entre 3 y 5 años. Fueron sellados con vidrio ionomérico Ketac Molar® 3M segundos molares derechos y con sellador de resina Clinpro® 3M segundos molares izquierdos. Después de doce meses se evaluó la retención y la incidencia de caries. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS V-19. Se utilizó la prueba Chi cuadrado y Test de Fisher. Resultados: El grupo control obtuvo 20% de retención total y el experimental 13.3%. El sellador Clinpro® mostró 28.6% de pérdida, y el sellador Ketac Molar® 32%. Dentro del grupo experimental ningún molar presentó lesiones, mientras que el grupo control hubo un 16.3% de incidencia de caries, estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05). Conclusión: La retención del sellador de resina fue superior a la del cemento de ionómero de vidrio luego de 1 año. La retención de los selladores en los dientes mandibulares fue superior a la de los dientes maxilares. No hubo incidencia de lesiones de caries dental en el grupo de molares sellados con pérdida del ionómero de vidrio, contrario al grupo que recibió el sellador a base de resina donde se presentaron 7 casos de la enfermedad.
Manejo Odontológico del Síndrome de Moebius
Authors: Stabile-Del Vecchio Rosa M. , Morales-Chávez Mariana C.
Published: September 2021

El síndrome de Möebius es una alteración congénita caracterizada por parálisis de los pares craneales debido a una atrofia de sus núcleos, principalmente se ven afectados el nervio facial y el nervio abducens causando parálisis facial y limitación del movimiento ocular. Otros nervios craneales también se ven afectados lo que trae anomalías dentales y esqueletales. Puede a su vez, estar asociado a malformaciones de las extremidades superiores e inferiores como sindactilia y pie equinovaro. Su etiología es aún desconocida, pero se relaciona a un problema vascular que afecta el desarrollo de los núcleos de los pares craneales. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir las característi as del Síndrome de Möebius y reportar 3 casos clínicos que acudieron a consulta odontológica.
Derivatives or climate insurance? Risk management tools for a soybean farmer in Brazil
Authors: Bortoluzzi Lorenzetti Fernanda , Leismann Edison Luiz , Rojo Cláudio Antônio
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to analyze whether there is a difference between the cost/benefit of climate risk reduction and cost/benefit of soybean price in Palotina, Paraná, Brazil. The data were collected from bibliography, official and private documents. Climate data were analyzed based on the releases content. The methodology to analyze de future market data was the same as the B3. Options were analyzed as Black & Scholes model. Also, this paper developed the Leismann & Bortoluzzi index to analyze the protections cost/benefit. To compare mitigation costs, there were used the t student test. Limitations were about the Black & Scholes model, which does not consider subjective variables. Cost/benefit index of price protections were compared with the climate insurance index in order to test if there was a statistical difference between them. All tests allowed to infer that the indices are statistically different. This study concluded that climate and price insurance are excellent tools for rural enterprise risk management, and there was significant evidence to infer that the protections are feasible. Or rather, that the farmer is exposed to both types of risk and that the forms of mitigation are satisfactory in both cases.
Influencia de la zona de mercadeo en la suerte del apostador de loterías de cupones
Authors: Casanova Hugo
Published: September 2021

El apostador, al adquirir un cupón de lotería, compra una posibilidad con muy baja probabilidad de ocurrencia; la región, al recibir las boletas para la venta, adquiere una carga probabilística, creando la ilusión de influencia sobre el sorteo. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de la región no es transferible al apostador. Lo primero induce una bajísima participación; no obstante, ni el operador ni los apostadores son pasivos frente a esto, hay mucho "en juego". En esta investigación, a partir de la información de 40 sorteos secuenciales de una lotería en Venezuela, se descarta a la zona como región lucky, a través de la construcción de un modelo de distribución ponderada que, incorporando a todos los actores, explica por qué, al acumularse el bote, se incrementan las ventas generales, sin influencia de la zona. El juego ocurre en una interesante interrelación entre los actores que elimina la fatigue jackpot en una acción colectiva promovida por FOMO.
El sector azucarero tucumano durante el período de entreguerras
Authors: Moyano Daniel
Published: September 2021

Nos proponemos analizar el desenvolvimiento del sector azucarero tucumano entre la década de 1920 y los primeros años de 1940. El foco estará puesto en las estrategias empresariales desplegadas por los industriales azucareros para sobrellevar una coyuntura adversa signada por las disputas internas del sector, el exceso de producción y las regulaciones a la actividad. Para esto, exploraremos los diferentes ensayos productivos que se implementaron, la nueva atención prestada a los subproductos del azúcar (particularmente, la melaza residual para la fabricación de diferentes tipos de alcoholes y el bagazo para la elaboración de pasta de celulosa y papel). Asimismo, indagaremos sobre las acciones conjuntas llevadas a cabo entre el sector privado y las instituciones científicas como la Estación Experimental Agrícola de Tucumán.

Palabras clave: azúcar, subproductos, economía regional, innovación
Indicadores de especialização produtiva agropecuária para caracterização de municípios do estado de São Paulo (Brasil)
Authors: De Oliveira Paulo André , Rodrigues Sergio Augusto , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Cervi Ricardo Ghantous
Published: September 2021

A hipótese geral desta pesquisa foi que a produção agropecuária se apresenta de forma desigual no território com expressivas diferenças de produtividade e rendimento financeiro em conjunto de produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi permitir um conhecimento mais abrangente das características de especialização e concentração da produção agropecuária, com base em conjuntos de produtos agropecuários ponderado pela sua área ocupada. As informações de 621 municípios paulistas com produção agropecuária constituíram um vetor aleatório, denominado de contribuição financeira por hectare, formado por variáveis de produção e área produtiva total dos municípios. Por meio de três indicadores analisaram a concentração produtiva municipal. O grau de concentração produtiva por conjunto de produtos demonstrou que a maior concentração produtiva foi acompanhada por maior rentabilidade por hectare. O forte dilema entre diversificação para diluir os riscos de mercado e a especialização para aumentar a eficiência produtiva foi verificado em todos os conjuntos de produtos.
Palavras-chaves: diversificação, produtividade, especialização
Implicancias de las medidas de mitigación adoptadas ante el avance del covid-19 en las microempresas de Paraguay
Authors: Ferrer Dávalos Raúl Marcelo
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y documentar la percepción de los propietarios de las microempresas de Paraguay para entender las implicancias de las medidas preventivas adoptadas por el gobierno ante el avance del covid-19. A tal fin, se realizó una encuesta a propietarios y gerentes de microempresas de variados rubros y de los sectores de servicios, comercio e industrias de varias regiones del país. Los resultados señalan que, si bien la mayoría de los participantes están de acuerdo con las medidas preventivas, ellos afirman no estar en condiciones de aguantarlas por un período prolongado de tiempo. Esto evidencia la acuciante situación de los microempresarios, que deberán adaptarse para superar esta crisis, y la necesidad de respuesta urgente por parte del gobierno para asegurar la supervivencia de dichas organizaciones.

Palabras clave: microempresas, covid-19, crisis, mitigación
Optimale Sensortechnik im Einsatz
Authors: Langensiepen Christian
Published: September 2021

Die LEIPA GROUP ist ein unabhängiges Familienunternehmen – es steht seit über 170 Jahren für umweltschonende Prozesse und Technologien im Bereich Papier und Packaging auf 100 % Recyclingbasis. Zum Leistungsspektrum des Gründungsstandortes Schrobenhausen gehören die Segmente Karton und Spezialpapier sowie die Business Unit LEIPA FlexPack. Diese bietet papierbasierte Lösungen im Bereich flexibler Verpackungen.
Neue Technologie zur direkten Fertigung sphärisch gekrümmter Gewebe
Authors: Nuss Dominik , Pham Quang , Hoffmann Gerald , Cherif Chokri
Published: September 2021

Preformen für komplex gekrümmte Schalenstrukturen für den Einsatz in faserverstärkten Kunstoffen werden aktuell meist mittels sequentiellem Preforming gefertigt, wodurch zeit- und materialaufwändige Prozessschritte notwendig sind. Um diese Arbeitsschritte zu minimieren und den hohen Bedarf seitens der Industrie an dreidimensionalen, schalenförmigen Preformen zu decken, wurde im Rahmen des IGF-Projekts 19805 BR die neuartige Technologie des abzugsfreien Webens entwickelt. Diese ermöglicht das direkte Weben sphärisch gekrümmter Strukturen komplexer Geometrie.

Dominik Nuss, Quang Pham, Gerald Hoffmann, Chokri Cherif

Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik (ITM), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
Gittergewebe für Hochleistungs-Verbundbeton
Authors: Hoffmann Gerald , Cherif Chokri , Weise Daniel , Seidel Andre , Hahn Lars
Published: September 2021

Die Verbindung zwischen Verstärkungsfasern und Betonmatrix wird gegenwärtig maßgeblich durch Adhäsionskräfte beeinflusst. Jedoch kann ausschließlich durch Adhäsion das Leistungspotenzial der Verstärkungsfasern nicht vollständig in das Betonbauteil übertragen werden. Für die Ausbildung eines profilierten Gittergewebes, zur Verbesserung des Formschlusses zwischen Bewehrung und Beton, bietet die Webtechnik durch den Einsatz von Dreherstrukturen mit einem gestreckten Steher- und Schussfaden sowie einem umwindenden und profilbildenden Dreherfaden sehr gute Lösungsansätze. Im Rahmen eines IGF-Forschungsprojekts werden leistungsfähige dreherbindige Gewebe auf der Basis von lasttragenden Carbonfasern und profilspendenden alkaliresistenten Glasfasern entwickelt und auf einer Greiferwebmaschine mit Open-Reed-Weaving-Einheit der Lindauer Dornier GmbH, Lindau, umgesetzt.

Daniel Weise, Andre Seidel, Gerald Hoffmann, Lars Hahn, Chokri Cherif

Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik (ITM) der TU Dresden, Dresden