bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycosylated MoS2 Sheets for Capturing and Deactivating E. coli Bacteria: Combined Effects of Multivalent Binding and Sheet Size
Authors: Xu Shaohui , Bhatia Sumati , Fan Xin , Nickl Philip , Haag Rainer
Published: January 2022

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds great promise for antibacterial applications owing to its strong photothermal performance and biocompatibility. Most of its antibacterial explorations have sought enhanced antibacterial potency through designing new hybrid inorganic materials, the relationship between its physiochemical properties and antibacterial activities has yet to be explored. This work is the first to investigate the combination effects of different sized and functionalized MoS2 sheets on their antibacterial activities. The bacterial capture abilities of 3 µm mannosylated, galactosylated, and glucosylated sheets, as well as 300 nm mannosylated sheets, all with similar sugar densities, are compared. Only mannosylated MoS2 sheets are found to agglutinate normal Escherichia coli (E. coli) and large mannosylated MoS2 sheets show the strongest E. coli agglutination. Despite slightly weaker photothermal performance under near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, large mannosylated MoS2 sheets exhibit higher antibacterial activity than the smaller sheets. By much stronger specific multivalent binding, large sheets capture E. coli more efficiently and compensate for their reduced photothermal activity. Besides providing a facile approach to eliminate E. coli bacteria, these findings offer valuable guidance for future development of 2D nanomaterial‐based antibacterial agents and filter holder materials, where large‐functionalized sheets can capture and eliminate bacteria powerfully.
A Multispectral Single‐Layer Frequency Selective Surface Absorber for Infrared and Millimeter Wave Selective Bi‐Stealth
Authors: Shim Hyeon Bo , Han Kiwook , Song Jookwon , Hahn Jae W.
Published: January 2022

The multispectral electromagnetic (EM) absorber based on the frequency selective surface (FSS) has been applied with interest in the field of stealth technology due to its ability to avoid detectors or guided weapons at multiple wavelengths simultaneously. The multispectral absorption performance is generally accomplished by stacking different types of FSS absorbers in multiple layers. Herein, a thin and flexible multispectral single‐layer FSS (MSLF) absorber is presented using a micro‐holed, macroscale FSS combined with an infrared (IR) absorbing ground. The FSSs are simplified to MSLF by changing the absorbing layered microstructure to a transmitting microstructure. Dual‐band millimeter waves (MMWs) are absorbed by the macroscale resonance cavity, while the target IR waves are absorbed by the IR absorbing ground after penetrating the micro‐hole array pattern. Thermal emission is reduced significantly due to its low emissivity at IR bands other than the target IR. It is confirmed analytically and experimentally that patterns of various sizes do not exhibit functional crosstalk. The demonstrated multispectral absorption and low thermal emission make this a very promising material for IR−MMW selective bi‐stealth. Furthermore, the proposed structure can be applied to existing macroscale patterns in order to increase their applicability by providing additional selectivity without any functional interference.
In Situ Quantifying the Physical Parameters Determining the Efficiency of OLEDs Relying on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Up‐Conversion
Authors: Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Lin Chengwei , Chen Liangjian , Guo Runda , Lu Ping , Wang Lei , Ma Dongge
Published: January 2022

Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) up‐conversion is an effective way to utilize triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the parameters characterizing the triplet excitons and relevant TTA process in OLEDs under working conditions have not been quantified. Here, an in situ method is established to map these parameters for further ascertaining their impact on device efficiency. The physical parameters, including triplet recombination rate, TTA rate, typical current JTTA, and saturated ratio, can be in situ quantified by transient electroluminescence technique. The expression of JTTA shows that minimizing the triplet quenching and maximizing the TTA rate are effective ways to lower JTTA. While highly efficient devices require a lower JTTA. Guided by these criteria, the device efficiency is promoted by weakening the triplet quenching via blending two materials. These investigations establish an in situ method to quantify the physical parameters that allow identifying the useful TTA materials and optimizing the design of device structures.
Phosphoinositide Conversion Inactivates R‐RAS and Drives Metastases in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Huayi , Prever Lorenzo , Hsu Myriam Y. , Lo Wen‐Ting , Margaria Jean Piero , De Santis Maria Chiara , Zanini Cristina , Forni Marco , Novelli Francesco , Pece Salvatore , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Porporato Paolo Ettore , Martini Miriam , Belabed Hassane , Nazare Marc , Haucke Volker , Gulluni Federico , Hirsch Emilio
Published: January 2022

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of death in women worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention significantly improve patient survival rate, metastasis still accounts for most deaths. Here it is reported that, in a cohort of more than 2000 patients with breast cancer, overexpression of PI3KC2α occurs in 52% of cases and correlates with high tumor grade as well as increased probability of distant metastatic events, irrespective of the subtype. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that PI3KC2α synthetizes a pool of PI(3,4)P2 at focal adhesions that lowers their stability and directs breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PI(3,4)P2 locally produced by PI3KC2α at focal adhesions recruits the Ras GTPase activating protein 3 (RASA3), which inactivates R‐RAS, leading to increased focal adhesion turnover, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Proof‐of‐concept is eventually provided that inhibiting PI3KC2α or lowering RASA3 activity at focal adhesions significantly reduces the metastatic burden in PI3KC2α‐overexpressing breast cancer, thereby suggesting a novel strategy for anti‐breast cancer therapy.
Response of maize hybrids under limited irrigation capacities: Yield and yield components
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Bell Jourdan M. , Baumhardt R. Louis , Colaizzi Paul D. , Hiltbrunner Bridgette A. , Witt Travis W. , Brauer David K.
Published: January 2022

Grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid Texas High Plains (THP) is greatly reduced when irrigation cannot meet peak water requirements. Drought‐tolerant hybrids may mitigate yield losses resulting from water deficits. We examined the effect of irrigation capacity (8.47 and 4.23 mm d–1) and planting rates (74,000 and 95,000 seeds ha–1) during three growing seasons (2016–2018) on grain yield and yield components of three maize hybrids, two of which were considered drought tolerant. Crop water deficits at the low irrigation level usually extended temporally from seventh leaf collar to dough stage. Mean grain yields varied from 5.2 Mg ha–1 under the low irrigation level to 19.9 Mg ha–1 at the high irrigation level. Hybrid did not influence grain yield and aboveground biomass in all 3 yr. Although kernel number and kernel mass were significantly influenced by hybrid across all years, this did not result in grain yield differences because greater kernel mass compensated for reduced kernel number. Harvest index did not significantly differ between conventional and drought‐tolerant hybrids. In 2016, grain yield was significantly influenced by plant density only at the low irrigation level, with 44% greater yields at the low plant density. For the patterns and level of water stress observed during these three growing seasons, the three hybrids performed similarly. Besides using hybrids well adapted to the region, mitigation of yield reductions under limited irrigation capacities in the THP can be achieved by concentrating irrigation on less land area and optimizing planting rates.
New method of kinetic modeling for CO2 absorption into blended amine systems: A case of MEA/EAE/3DEA1P trisolvent blends
Authors: Zheng Wenchao , Luo Qinlan , Liu Sen , Wang Nan , Luo Xiao , Gao Hongxia , Liang Zhiwu
Published: January 2022

In order to establish an accurate kinetic model for the aqueous amine blends, monoethanolamine (MEA), 2‐(ethylamino) ethanol (EAE), and 3‐(diethylamino)‐1‐propanol (3DEA1P) have been chosen as a typical CO2 absorption trisolvents. The reaction kinetics of aqueous amine blends with carbon dioxide have been investigated first combining experiments and molecular simulations. The stopped‐flow technology has been used to obtain the observed reaction rate constant of the overall reactions over the temperature range of 293 to 313 K and at different amine concentrations. A theoretical kinetic model, based on the first‐principles quantum‐mechanical simulations, has been put forward to interpret the reactions between CO2 and the aqueous trisolvent amine blends systems. The proposed model, based on the zwitterion mechanism and the base‐catalyzed mechanism, shows good prediction with an acceptable absolute average deviation (AAD) of 6.32%, and has been found to be satisfactory in determining the kinetics of the involved complicated reactions.
Neuropsychiatric features of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Shelkowitz Emily , Gantz Marie G. , Ridenour Ty A. , Scheimann Ann O. , Strong Theresa , Bohonowych Jessica , Duis Jessica
Published: January 2022

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia and poor feeding in infancy which progresses to hyperphagia in early‐mid childhood, as well as developmental delays, a spectrum of behavioral and psychiatric concerns, endocrinopathies, orthopedic issues, and less commonly, seizures, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy with or without cataplexy. This study used data in the Global PWS Registry (N = 893) to explore the onset and severity over time of the neuropsychiatric features reported in individuals with PWS and explored its associations with sleep disorders, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Results demonstrate that seizures are more common in the deletion subtype and that narcolepsy and cataplexy are more common in individuals who have sleep‐related seizures. Finally, this work shows that anxiety and compulsive behaviors are persistent features of PWS that may arise early in childhood, and that anxiety is associated with higher frequency of other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. In conclusion, this study is one of the largest to date characterizing sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric characteristics of individuals with PWS and reports on the novel association between sleep disorders and seizures. This study is also one of the first to offer details on the nature of the progression of these features in individuals with PWS.
Novel zinc (II) and nickel (II) complexes of a quinazoline‐based ligand with an imidazole ring: Synthesis, spectroscopic property, antibacterial activities, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Li Cheng‐Guo , Chai Yong‐Mei , Chai Lan‐Qin , Xu Li‐Yan
Published: January 2022

Two complexes [Zn(L)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2 (1) and [Ni(L)3]·(NO3)2 (2) (L = 2‐[2‐imidazolyl]‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐N3‐oxide) were obtained successfully by means of slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) and characterized using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopic. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the metal in complex 1 is chelated by two L ligands and two lattice methanol molecules, whereas in 2 by three L ligands, counterbalanced by nitrate ions. The crystal structures of both showed infinite 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D supramolecular architecture due to intermolecular interactions. Most strikingly, Zn (II) complex showed different fluorescence properties in diverse solvents. The antimicrobial activities of all compounds were compared and showed perceptible efficiency against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Electrostatic potential (ESP) calculation was used to predict the nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed good agreement with experimental data, as well as the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps were detected by time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT method with HOMO–LUMO calculations. Additionally, the non‐covalent interactions of both complexes were further quantified and explored with the help of Hirshfeld surface analysis.
New context, new content—Rethinking genital anatomy in textbooks
Authors: Hayes Jennifer A. , Temple‐Smith Meredith J.
Published: January 2022

It has been widely claimed that reductions in allocated teaching time and the widespread implementation of short‐cut teaching methodologies have led to a shortfall in anatomy knowledge among graduating doctors. This decline in knowledge is evident in the failure of anatomy content to prepare graduates for contemporary clinical practice. The implications for postgraduate surgical training are addressed in the numerous extracurricular anatomy courses available to surgical candidates. This paper focuses on genital diversity and its relevance to non‐surgical graduates, thus highlighting another potential impact of this knowledge shortfall on frontline clinic consultations. As the gender revolution and female genital cosmetic surgery industry flourish, nothing in contemporary anatomy textbooks addresses issues of diversification of female genitalia nor gives medical graduates a realistic view of what is normal regarding female genital appearance.
Distributed control for state‐of‐charge balance and load voltage regulation in DC microgrids with clustered generations
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Zuo Zhiqiang , Wang Yijing
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the issue of state‐of‐charge balance and load voltage regulation of DC microgrids used in solar‐powered vehicles is investigated. The system consists of multiple distributed generation units, each of which is equipped with photovoltaic cells and energy storage systems. Based on the information shared among the neighbors, a single‐layered distributed control strategy is proposed to solve two aspects of the problem simultaneously. Rigorous analysis of the closed‐loop system ensures stability and the effectiveness of the control strategy. The power constraints of each distributed generation unit are taken into consideration so that safety and applicability are guaranteed. To avoid the cycling of the batteries, the state‐of‐charge balance is achieved by regulating the output power feeding a common load, promoting efficiency and battery life. The proposed controller operates without any knowledge about load, line impedance, and global information of communication network, and consequently possesses the capability of plug‐and‐play. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability are illustrated by an example from the Sky‐Sailor project.
Structural Information Modeling – Die digitale Transformation der Bauwerksdiagnostik
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Fritsch Christina , Voigt Chris , Ewert Eric , Arndt Ralf
Published: January 2022

Bauwerksdiagnostische Untersuchungen sind die Voraussetzung für eine verlässliche Bewertung von bestehenden Tragwerken. Häufig fehlen konkrete und realistische Informationen über den tatsächlichen Bauwerkszustand und damit die Eingangsgrößen für die rechnerische Nachweisführung. Anders als bei Neubauten müssen diese Annahmen nicht geschätzt und durch zusätzliche Sicherheitselemente abgedeckt werden, sondern können zuverlässig mit ihrer tatsächlichen Eigenschaft sowie Streuung am Bestandstragwerk erfasst werden. Die Bauwerksdiagnostik bietet eine Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten, den Bestand und Zustand der Materialien sowie Konstruktionen realitätsgetreu zu erkunden. Die digitale Revolution des Bauwesens bedingt neue Konzepte, mit denen es gelingt, unsere bestehenden Tragwerke wesentlich effizienter und v. a. länger nutzen zu können. Der digitale Bauwerkszwilling ermöglicht die Zusammenführung und Verknüpfung von Daten unterschiedlichster Struktur und Herkunft. Damit müssen zwangsweise auch bauwerksdiagnostische Daten konsequent digitalisiert, in solche digitalen Zwillinge integriert und in Kombination mit den weiteren Bestands‐ und Zustandsdaten für den Nutzer aufbereitet werden. Dieser methodische Ansatz des Structural Information Modeling bildet die Grundlage für eine realistischere und zuverlässigere Bewertung bestehender Bauwerke.
Preparation of transparent photoluminescence smart window by integration of rare‐earth aluminate nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene waste
Authors: Alhasani Mona , Al‐Qahtani Salhah D. , Hameed Ahmed , Snari Razan M. , Shah Reem , Alfi Alia Abdulaziz , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: January 2022

Novel photoluminescent nanocomposite sheets were prepared for simple commercial manufacturing of transparent and luminous photochromic smart windows. A simple physical integration of lanthanide‐doped strontium aluminium oxide (LdSAO) nanoparticles into recycled polyethylene (PE) waste produced a smart nanocomposite with persistent phosphorescence and photochromic properties. Because the nanoparticle form of LdSAO is important for developing transparent materials, LdSAO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the PE matrix. Both the morphologies and chemical compositions of the LdSAO nanoparticles and LdSAO‐containing luminescent PE sheets were investigated. Both LdSAO‐free and photoluminescent PE sheets were colourless in normal daylight. However the LdSAO‐containing PE luminescent samples only exhibited a brilliant green colour under ultraviolet (UV) light and a greenish‐yellow colour in the dark as verified by Commission Internationale de l'éclairage laboratory parameters. Both absorbance and emission bands were monitored at 377 and 436/517 nm, respectively. The LdSAO‐containing PE luminescent sheets were compared with the LdSAO‐free sample using both photoluminescence spectroscopy and for their mechanical properties and were found to have improved scratch resistance, UV protection, and superhydrophobic activity. Due to the added LdSAO, photoluminescence, decay, and lifetime spectral tests confirmed its photochromic fluorescence and long‐lasting phosphorescence characteristics. The PE@LdSAO nanocomposite sheets displayed UV protection, photostability, hydrophobicity, and excellent durability compared with the blank LdSAO‐free PE sheet.
How to renew business strategy to achieve sustainability and circularity? A process model of strategic development in incumbent technology companies
Authors: Kaipainen Jenni , Aarikka‐Stenroos Leena
Published: January 2022

Strategic development to promote sustainability and circularity challenges incumbents to fundamentally renew their way of doing business. However, the management of this type of strategic development process, that is, strategic renewal aiming at achieving sustainability, remains largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated what constitutes incumbents' strategic renewal aimed at achieving sustainability and how to manage each stage of this process. We conducted a single‐case study of the incumbent tech company, Neste Oyj, which is renewing from a fossil‐based business to a sustainable and circular business. We analyzed multisourced interview‐ and document‐based data collected from a 25‐year longitudinal case study by applying a processual approach and the critical incident technique. We proposed an empirically based process model of business strategy renewal comprising five stages, each of which follows the subprocesses of strategic formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The findings and the process model extend the theoretical understanding of incumbents' business strategy development to achieve sustainability and circularity. The proposed model will enable managers to understand what management issues to focus on and what actions are needed at each stage of the strategic renewal process.
Application of Baidu Apollo open platform in a course of control simulation experiments
Authors: Feng Minjian , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we introduce the application of Baidu Apollo open platform in a course of control simulation experiments. First of all, to let students have a full understanding of industrial‐level autonomous driving systems, the overall architecture of Apollo is introduced from four aspects: hardware platform, software platform, cloud service, and vehicle open platform. Then, we carry out a related course based on the control module of the software platform. The theoretical knowledge part mainly has two contents: one is the principle of controller and trajectory analyzer, which are the main components of the control module; the other is the corresponding code composition structure. The experimental part is to write code on GitHub based on the given questions and tips. Finally, students test the code according to the operation steps of the cloud simulation platform. This course can increase students' interest in autonomous driving and allow them to gain vast knowledge in practical implementations.
Protective Effect of the Pearl Extract from Pinctada fucata martensii Dunker on UV‐Induced Photoaging in Mice
Authors: Zhang Zhongmin , Xu Yunling , Lai Ruicheng , Deng Huiyuan , Zhou Fengling , Wang Peiyan , Pang Xiubing , Huang Guoxin , Chen Xin , Lin Haoge , Lin Yong , Chen Zhenxing , Lin Jiang
Published: January 2022

Although the effect of pearl powder has been recognized for more than a thousand years from healthcare to beauty care, there has yet to be an in‐depth understanding of its anti‐photoaging effect. In the present study, the protective effect of pearl extract (PE) on UV‐induced photoaging in mice was evaluated. First, the amino acid analysis of PE was carried out. Then, different dosages of pearl extract gel (PEG) were applied topically on the shaved dorsal skins regions of mice before UV irradiation. Skin physiological and histological analysis, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factor test were used to evaluate the anti‐photoaging effect of PEG. The results showed that PEG contained 14 amino acids, and could inhibit UV‐irritated skin wrinkles, laxity, thickness, and dryness. Moreover, PEG upregulated the activities of CAT, GSH‐Px, SOD and decreased MDA level, and suppressed the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, PGE2, TNF‐α, and COX‐2 in UV‐irradiated mice. The therapeutic effect in high dose PEG group was superior to those of positive control (Vitamin E). This study demonstrated the underlying mechanisms of PEG against UV‐irritated photoaging. And PEG possesses a potential use in photoprotective medicines and cosmetics.
Opportunities for Expanding Encoded Chemical Diversification and Improving Hit Enrichment in mRNA‐Displayed Peptide Libraries
Authors: Melsen Paddy R. A. , Yoshisada Ryoji , Jongkees Seino A. K.
Published: January 2022

DNA‐encoded small‐molecule libraries and mRNA displayed peptide libraries both use numerically large pools of oligonucleotide‐tagged molecules to identify potential hits for protein targets. They differ dramatically, however, in the ‘drug‐likeness’ of the molecules that each can be used to discover. We give here an overview of the two techniques, comparing some advantages and disadvantages of each, and suggest areas where particularly mRNA display can benefit from adopting advances developed with DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We outline cases where chemical modification of the peptide library has already been used in mRNA display, and survey opportunities to expand this using examples from DNA‐encoded small molecule libraries. We also propose potential opportunities for encoding such reactions within the mRNA/cDNA tag of an mRNA‐displayed peptide library to allow a more diversity‐oriented approach to library modification. Finally, we outline alternate approaches for enriching target‐binding hits from a pooled and tagged library, and close by detailing several examples of how an adjusted mRNA‐display based approach could be used to discover new ‘drug‐like’ modified small peptides.
The Impact of Lithium Tungstate on the Densification and Conductivity of Phosphate Lithium‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Odenwald Philipp , Ma Qianli , Davaasuren Bambar , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Tietz Frank , Wolff Michael , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Uhlenbruck Sven , Guillon Olivier , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina
Published: January 2022

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Fattakhova‐Rohlfing from Forschungszentrum Jülich (IEK‐1). The cover picture shows LATP powder and a dense LATP pellet obtained after powder sintering, which typically requires high temperatures. With only a small weight fraction of Li2WO4, a significant reduction in sintering temperature and increase in ionic conductivity can be achieved. Processing and performance improvements render Li2WO4 a very promising sintering aid for the development of LATP‐based solid‐state batteries like the pouch cell also shown in the cover picture. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202101366.
Bubble Cutting by Cylinder – Elimination of Wettability Effects by a Separating Liquid Film
Authors: Wang Shuo , Rohlfs Patrick , Börnhorst Marion , Schillaci Andrea , Marschall Holger , Deutschmann Olaf , Wörner Martin
Published: January 2022

Experiments and simulations are presented for the interaction of single bubbles rising in a viscous liquid against a horizontal cylinder (Ø = 4 mm) of varying wettability. The slide‐off of small and the cutting of larger bubbles into two daughter bubbles observed in the experiment are reproduced by phase‐field simulations. It is shown that in the entire process bubble and cylinder are separated by a liquid film, which eliminates any influence of cylinder wettability. Before the mother bubble splits, a thinning gas thread develops below the cylinder. The rupture of this gas thread can lead to a different number of satellite bubbles depending on the conditions.
JAK inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Witkoff Ben , Logas Christopher M. , Glick Brad P. , Del Rosso James Q.
Published: January 2022

The inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway, a recently discovered pathway, has been shown to treat patients with atopic dermatitis. All four JAKS (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) have been shown to have increased signaling through key cytokines related to atopic dermatitis and itch. The JAK inhibitors are divided into first generation and second generation with the second generation JAK inhibitors having more JAK isoform selectivity. Currently, only ruxolitinib topical formulation has achieved FDA approval for use in atopic dermatitis. Many others are at different stages in trials and pending approval applications. The section contains a review of the JAK inhibitors related to atopic dermatitis
Community welfare resources and late‐life depression among older adults in Seoul: A multi‐level analysis
Authors: Ha Seok Cheol , Nam Eunji
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to examine whether community welfare resources in neighborhoods (recreational facilities, healthcare access, and public welfare expenditure) are associated with late‐life depression among older adults in Seoul, South Korea.

Methods

Data for this study were obtained by merging two different data sources: the 2018 Seoul Elderly Survey for individual‐level variables and publicly available administrative data for neighborhood‐level variables. The sample included 3036 older adults (unweighted n = 3034) living in 25 neighborhoods (Gu) in Seoul. Multilevel regression models examined the effects of neighborhood‐level variables on late‐life depression while controlling for individual‐level variables. We also explored the extent to which individual characteristics moderate the main effects of neighborhood characteristics on late‐life depression.

Results

The results indicated that recreational facilities, health care centers, and public welfare expenditure in the neighborhoods were associated with late‐life depression among older adults beyond individuals' predisposing conditions. Also, the effects of recreational facilities and public welfare expenditure on depressive symptoms were larger for those with higher education level.

Conclusions

Older adults living in neighborhoods with more recreational facilities, more health care centers, and high public welfare expenditure were less likely to experience late‐life depression. Of note is that the effects of neighborhoods' recreational facilities and public welfare expenditure varied by certain individual characteristics. Hence, local governments should introduce neighborhood‐based health promotion policies to prevent depression among older adults. In doing so, local governments should also consider ways to improve access to community welfare resources for underprivileged older adults.
The Market in Noninvasive Prenatal Tests and the Message to Consumers: Exploring Responsibility
Authors: Holloway Kelly , Simms Nicole , Hayeems Robin Z. , Miller Fiona A.
Published: January 2022

The potential for bias in industry‐developed information about noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), in addition to the lack of regulatory oversight for this type of product, raises questions about clinical communication and adoption. We identify NIPTs marketed globally and analyze their English‐language consumer‐oriented brochures to determine whether they meet existing policy and ethical guidance from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics on NIPT marketing, how they establish the legitimacy of the test given the lack of regulatory oversight for NIPT, and whether content differs between the brochures from for‐profit and nonprofit entities. In many of these brochures, NIPTs are misrepresented as diagnostic tests, claims lack supporting evidence, regulatory bodies that do not evaluate the test itself are referenced, and clinicians are invoked as authorities on specific NIPTs. Our findings substantiate concerns about the extent to which commercial imperatives operating in the absence of market‐access regulation could exacerbate problems of misrepresentation and inaccuracy in marketing materials.
Cortical thickness systematically varies with curvature and depth in healthy human brains
Authors: Demirci Nagehan , Holland Maria A.
Published: January 2022

Cortical thickness varies throughout the cortex in a systematic way. However, it is challenging to investigate the patterns of cortical thickness due to the intricate geometry of the cortex. The cortex has a folded nature both in radial and tangential directions which forms not only gyri and sulci but also tangential folds and intersections. In this article, cortical curvature and depth are used to characterize the spatial distribution of the cortical thickness with much higher resolution than conventional regional atlases. To do this, a computational pipeline was developed that is capable of calculating a variety of quantitative measures such as surface area, cortical thickness, curvature (mean curvature, Gaussian curvature, shape index, intrinsic curvature index, and folding index), and sulcal depth. By analyzing 501 neurotypical adult human subjects from the ABIDE‐I dataset, we show that cortex has a very organized structure and cortical thickness is strongly correlated with local shape. Our results indicate that cortical thickness consistently increases along the gyral–sulcal spectrum from concave to convex shape, encompassing the saddle shape along the way. Additionally, tangential folds influence cortical thickness in a similar way as gyral and sulcal folds; outer folds are consistently thicker than inner.
Reconceptualizing identities: Veterans' perspectives on career transition challenges
Authors: Becker Karen , Bish Adelle , McCormack Matthew , Abell Dan
Published: January 2022

Those who serve in military organizations typically develop a strong sense of identification with the defense force and those with whom they serve. However, when these individuals leave military service, they can experience a sense of displacement or culture shock, making transition into a civilian career a difficult prospect. This paper sought to explore veterans' experiences during the transition into civilian work and, in particular, the impact of this transition on their identity as they are socialized in a civilian organization. The stories of 31 Australian Defence Force veterans were gathered via semi‐structured interviews to provide insight into the experiences during transition and the changing nature of their identity as they began working outside a military environment. The findings identify three stages of identity adjustment through which veterans pass during their transition: realizing, relinquishing, and reconceptualizing. While some encountered more struggles than others depending on their individual circumstances, the findings provide unique insights for HRD theory and practice to enhance the transition of serving military to a civilian workforce.
A comprehensive review on Bi2Te3‐based thin films: Thermoelectrics and beyond
Authors: Tang Xinfeng , Li Ziwei , Liu Wei , Zhang Qingjie , Uher Ctirad
Published: January 2022

Bi2Te3‐based materials are not only the most important and widely used room temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials but are also canonical examples of topological insulators in which the topological surface states are protected by the time‐reversal symmetry. High‐performance thin films based on Bi2Te3 have attracted worldwide attention during the past two decades due primarily to their outstanding TE performance as highly efficient TE coolers and as miniature and flexible TE power generators for a variety of electronic devices. Moreover, intriguing topological phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological superconductivity discovered in Bi2Te3‐based thin films and heterostructures, have shaped research directions in the field of condensed matter physics. In Bi2Te3‐based films and heterostructures, delicate control of the carrier transport, film composition, and microstructure are prerequisites for successful device operations as well as for experimental verification of exotic topological phenomena. This review summarizes the recent progress made in atomic defect engineering, carrier tuning, and band engineering down to a nanoscale regime and how it relates to the growth and fabrication of high‐quality Bi2Te3‐based films. The review also briefly discusses the physical insight into the exciting field of topological phenomena that were so dramatically realized in Bi2Te3‐ and Bi2Se3‐based structures. It is expected that Bi2Te3‐based thin films and heterostructures will play an ever more prominent role as flexible TE devices collecting and converting low‐level (body) heat into electricity for numerous electronic applications. It is also likely that such films will continue to be a remarkable platform for the realization of novel topological phenomena.
COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases: Vaccination rates, patient perspectives, and side effects
Authors: Li Yan Kiu , Lui Michael Pak Kiu , Yam Lip Long , Cheng Chi Shing , Tsang Terence Hon Ting , Kwok Wing Sum , Chung Ho Yin
Published: January 2022

Introduction

To investigate the vaccination rate, reported side effects, and patient concerns for COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods

A multicentre cross‐sectional study from rheumatology clinics in two major hospitals in Hong Kong was conducted between June 3, 2021 and October 8, 2021. Patient interviews for demographics, clinical characteristics, vaccination status, reported side effects, and factors influencing decisions about vaccination were supplemented with structured questionnaires.

Results

Out of 1367 patients, 413 (30.2%) had received COVID‐19 vaccination. Side effects were reported in 335 (81.1%) of patients, of which the most common were injection site pain or swelling (66.3%), fatigue (57.1%), fever (19.9%), and headache (19.6%). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that males (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80; p < .001), higher education level (OR = 1.64; p < .001) and healthcare professionals (OR = 4.5; p < .001) were significantly more likely to have received the vaccine. In contrast, patients with hypertension (OR = 0.73; p = .04), systemic lupus erythematous (OR = 0.53; p < .001), stroke (OR = 0.29; p = .01), steroid therapy (OR = 0.59; p = .01), and leflunomide therapy (OR = 0.45; p = .05) were significantly less likely to be vaccinated. Younger age (age, OR = 0.96; p = .003) and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines (OR = 4.79; p < .001) were associated with more side effects. There was no difference in risk of side effects between specific rheumatic diseases or drug therapies.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 vaccination is associated with no increased risk of side effects in any particular disease or drug therapy, therefore vaccination should be encouraged in patients with rheumatic disease. In addition, younger age is associated minimally, while mRNA vaccine is associated with increased side effects.
Retrospective comparative effectiveness research: Will changing the analytical methods change the results?
Authors: Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Wang Xi , Lehrer Eric J. , Tchelebi Leila T. , Yeich Andrew , Prasad Vinay K. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Wang Ming
Published: January 2022

In medicine, retrospective cohort studies are used to compare treatments to one another. We hypothesize that the outcomes of retrospective comparative effectiveness research studies can be heavily influenced by biostatistical analytic choices, thereby leading to inconsistent conclusions. We selected a clinical scenario currently under investigation: survival in metastatic prostate, breast or lung cancer after systemic vs systemic + definitive local therapy. We ran >300 000 regression models (each representing a publishable study). Each model had various forms of analytic choices (to account for bias): propensity score matching, left truncation adjustment, landmark analysis and covariate combinations. There were 72 549 lung, 14 904 prostate and 13 857 breast cancer patients included. In the most basic analysis, which omitted propensity score matching, left truncation adjustment and landmark analysis, all of the HRs were <1 (generally, 0.60‐0.95, favoring addition of local therapy), with all P‐values <.001. Left truncation adjustment landmark analysis produced results with nonsignificant P‐values. The combination of propensity score matching, left truncation adjustment, landmark analysis and covariate combinations generally produced P‐values that were >.05 and/or HRs that were >1 (favoring systemic therapy alone). The use of more statistical methods to reduce the selection bias caused reported HR ranges to approach 1.0. By varying analytic choices in comparative effectiveness research, we generated contrary outcomes. Our results suggest that some retrospective observational studies may find a treatment improves outcomes for patients, while another similar study may find it does not, simply based on analytical choices.
Potential roles of hsa_circ_000839 and hsa_circ_0005986 in breast cancer
Authors: Firoozi Zahra , Mohammadisoleimani Elham , Shahi Abbas , Mansoori Hosein , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Bastami Milad , Nariman‐Saleh‐Fam Ziba , Daraei Abdolreza , Raoofat Atefeh , Mansoori Yaser
Published: January 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death among women around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered group of non‐coding RNAs that their roles are being investigated in BC and other cancer types. In this study, we evaluated the association of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 in tumor and adjacent normal tissues of BC patients with their clinicopathological characteristics.

Materials and methods

Total RNA was extracted from tumors and adjacent non‐tumor tissues by the Trizol isolation reagent, and cDNA was synthesized using First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific). The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 was quantified using RT‐qPCR. Online in silico tools were used for identifying potentially important competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of these two circRNAs.

Results

The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 and hsa_circ_000839 was lower in the tumor as compared to adjacent tissues. The expression level of hsa_circ_0005986 in the patients who had used hair dye in the last 5 years was significantly lower. Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and hsa_circ_000839 expression was observed. In silico analysis of the ceRNA network of these circRNAs revealed mRNAs and miRNAs with crucial roles in BC.

Conclusion

Downregulation of hsa_circ_000839 and hsa_circ_0005986 in BC tumors suggests a tumor‐suppressive role for these circRNAs in BC, meriting the need for more experimentations to delineate the exact mechanism of their involvement in BC pathogenesis.
The impact of social media coverage on attitudes towards mental illness and violent offending
Authors: Battaglia Anthony M. , Mamak Mini , Goldberg Joel O.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to better understand stigma towards individuals with mental illness who commit violent offences, and examine ways to mitigate the negative impact of social media news stories of schizophrenia and violent offending. Psychology undergraduate students (N = 255) were exposed to Instagram images and captions of recent real news stories of violent offending by individuals with schizophrenia. In the experimental condition, contextual clinical explanatory information was integrated. Pre‐ and post‐measures of stigma were completed. There was a significant increase in negative attitudes towards individuals with mental illness who committed violent offences following the no‐context condition, which was clearly mitigated in the experimental condition where context was provided. In both conditions, there were significant increases in intended social‐distancing behaviours towards and perceptions of dangerousness of individuals with schizophrenia, and negative beliefs about mental illness more generally. There appears to be utility in incorporating knowledge‐based clinical information to mitigate some facets of stigma.
Periodontal conditions and incident dementia: A nationwide Swedish cohort study
Authors: Holmer Jacob , Eriksdotter Maria , Häbel Henrike , Hed Myrberg Ida , Jonsson Anton , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Garcia‐Ptacek Sara , Jansson Leif , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla , Buhlin Kåre
Published: January 2022

Background

Periodontal disease has been proposed as a putative etiological factor for dementia. The aim of this investigation was to compare the incidence of dementia in individuals with or without deep probing pocket depths (DPPD), serving as a proxy for periodontitis.

Methods

In this cohort study, conducted in Sweden, we identified 7992 individuals with DPPD and 29,182 matched individuals without DPPD (non‐DPPD), using the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Diseases (SKaPa). The two groups were followed for incident dementia (mean follow‐up time was 7.6 years) based on data from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem). The exposure‐outcome relationship was explored by applying the Royston‐Parmar (RP) flexible parametric survival model.

Results

The incidence of dementia in the two groups was similar. In the DPPD group 137 (1.7%) developed dementia and 470 (1.6%) in the non‐DPPD group. The incidence rate of dementia was estimated to be 2.3 per 1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9 to 2.7) in the DPPD group and 2.1 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI 1.9 to 2.3) in the non‐DPPD group. The RP model disclosed no association between DPPD and dementia incidence after controlling for potential confounders (the exponentiated coefficient was estimated to 1.13 [95% CI = 0.39 to 3.24]).

Conclusion

In this sample, no association was revealed between deep probing pocket depths and the incidence of dementia.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor regulates specific innate immune sensor responses in gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Kantrong Nutthapong , Chang Ana M. , Bamashmous Shatha , Hajjar Adeline M. , Bucala Richard J. , Darveau Richard P.
Published: January 2022

Background

The gingival epithelium protects periodontal tissues and the alveolar bone by maintaining a steady state of regulated inflammatory surveillance, also known as healthy homeostasis. Accordingly, the repertoire of receptors present within the gingival epithelium showcases its ability to recognize microbial colonization and contribute to bacterial sensing. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is one of many cytokines that are expressed in this protective state and is involved in neutrophil regulation. However, its role in the maintenance of healthy gingival tissue has not been described.

Methods

Gingival tissues from wild‐type (WT) and Mif knock‐out (KO) mice were stained for neutrophils and three key neutrophil chemoattractants: MIF, Gro‐α/CXCL1, and Gro‐β/CXCL2 in the junctional epithelium (JE). In addition, gene silencing studies were performed using gingival epithelial cells (GECs) to examine the role of MIF on transcription of key bacterial recognition receptors Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐1, ‐2, ‐4, ‐6, ‐9 and interleukin‐1 receptors (IL‐1R1 and IL‐1R2) in response to oral bacterial stimulation.

Results

WT murine gingival tissues demonstrated high expression of MIF in the JE. In Mif KO mice, despite the significant reduction of Gro‐α/CXCL1 and Gro‐β/CXCL2, there was a slight increase in neutrophils. Gene silencing experiments showed that MIF down‐regulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, IL‐1R1, and IL‐1R2 in GEC, in addition to decreasing secreted IL‐8/CXCL8 in response to bacteria.

Conclusions

MIF regulates the expression of TLR4, IL‐1Rs, and IL‐8/CXCL8, components that are all involved in maintaining oral health. Our data demonstrate that MIF is a significant contributor to the maintenance of healthy oral homeostasis.
Leaving half the acetabulum in pelvic resections improves hip function. Is there a need to revisit conventional pelvic resections?
Authors: Kapoor Love , Sahoo Bismaya , Majeed Abdul , Banjara Roshan , Kumar Venkatesan S. , Bakhshi Sameer , Khan Shah A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Conventional periacetabular pelvic resections are associated with poor functional outcomes. Resections through surgical corridors beyond the conventional margins may be helpful in retaining greater function without compromising the oncological margins.

Methods

The study included a retrospective review of 82 cases of pelvic resections for pelvic tumors. Outcomes of acetabulum preservation (Group A) were compared with complete acetabular resection (Group B). Also, we compared outcomes of Type I + half resections (Group 1) with Type I + II resections (Group 2), and Type III + half resections (Group 3) with Type II + III resections (Group 4).

Results

Group A (n = 44) had significantly better functional outcome than Group B (n = 38) with average MSTS93 score 22.3 versus 20.1 and average HHS 91.3 versus 82.5 (p < 0.001). Group 1 (n = 14) and Group 2 (n = 12) had similar functional outcomes (mean MSTS93 score 22.07 vs. 21.58 [p = 0.597] and mean HHS 90.37 vs. 86.51 [p = 0.205]). Group 3 (n = 11) had significantly better functional outcome than Group 4 (n = 17), with mean MSTS93 score 22.8 versus 19.7 (p < 0.001) and mean HHS 92.3 versus 80.1 (p < 0.001). Oncological outcomes were similar among the groups.

Conclusion

Transacetabular pelvic resections provide functional benefit over conventional resections without compromising oncological margins. There is a need to revisit and revise the pelvic resection planes.