bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticorpos anti-Brucella canis e anti-Brucella abortus em cães de Araguaína, Tocantins
Authors: Dorneles Elaine Maria Seles , Santos Helcileia , Minharro Silvia , Nascimento-Rocha Josefa Moreira do , Mathias Luis Antônio , Dasso Maurício Gauterio , Tiensoli Carolina Daros , Heinneman Marcos Bryan , Lage Andrey Pereira
Published: June 2016

Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a soroprevalência da infecção por Brucella canis e Brucella abortus e avaliar os possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção em cães no município de Araguaína, Tocantins. Soros de 374 cães, pertencentes à zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins, foram analisados pelas técnicas de imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDGA), para pesquisa de anticorpos contra Brucella canis, e antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) e polarização fluorescente (FPA) para detecção de anticorpos contra Brucella abortus. Dos 374 soros testados para presença de anticorpos contra B. abortus, 21 foram reagentes no AAT, entretanto todos foram negativos pela FPA. À prova do IDGA 167 animais foram reagentes resultando em uma prevalência para B. canis de 44,53% (IC 95%; 39,43 a 49,72). A avaliação de possíveis fatores de risco associados à soropositividade para B. canis não revelou a existência de relação entre a infecção e as variáveis individuais estudadas. Assim, o presente estudo permite concluir que não houve animais infectados por B. abortus e que a infecção por B. canis está disseminada nos cães do município de Araguaína, Tocantins.
O ensino da "extensão rural" nos cursos superiores de medicina veterinária no Brasil
Authors: Alves Teresa Cristina , Gameiro Augusto Hauber
Published: June 2016

Esta pesquisa investigou como os Cursos Superiores de Medicina Veterinária no Brasil (CSMV) estão oferecendo conhecimentos relacionados à "Extensão Rural". Foram aplicados questionários aos 149 cursos de Medicina Veterinária em funcionamento. Deste universo, obteve-se uma amostra de 57 entrevistados que responderam à pesquisa (38,3%). Em que pesem as mudanças curriculares após o Parecer 105/2002, a disciplina ainda é oferecida na maioria (97%) dos cursos, evidenciando o reconhecimento de sua importância na formação dos alunos de graduação. Três aspectos observados merecem reflexão: a heterogeneidade na carga horária da disciplina, variando de 30 a 90 horas/semestre; certa heterogeneidade da inserção (semestre/período) na grade, podendo constar desde o segundo até o último período; e a ampla gama de temas que constam nos programas. Sugere-se que os programas da disciplina de Extensão Rural, a serem oferecidos nos CSMV, procurem inserir três pontos que se entende serem importantes, mas nem sempre abordados: i) a "extensão rural" com seus múltiplos enfoques (serviço público para o desenvolvimento holístico das famílias rurais, assistência técnica propriamente dita, difusão de tecnologia, prática pedagógica, processo de comunicação etc.); ii) temas relacionados diretamente à atuação do médico veterinário (tais como a relação da extensão com a sanidade animal e humana, a defesa agropecuária etc.); e iii) temas emergentes relacionados a áreas multidisciplinares, especialmente a sustentabilidade, o meio ambiente e o bem-estar animal.
Esporotricose
Authors: Larsson Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2016

A esporotricose constitui-se em dermatopatia ergodermatósica, de características antropo ou saprozoonótica que tem como principais fontes de infecção os felinos domésticos, vegetais e o solo. Tem ela como epônimos as denominações de Enfermidade de Schenk, "maladie de vacance", Enfermidade dos: veterinários, jardineiros e floristas. Detectam-se, vez por outra, surtos epidêmicos e epizoóticos, tal como o evidenciado, no final do Século XX, em felinos, caninos e humanos, no sudeste brasileiro. Revisam-se aspectos de ocorrência, etiopatogenia, clínicos, de diagnose, prognose e terapia de pacientes animais (caninos, felinos e equinos).
Histologia e histoquímica do intestino anterior de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de peixe
Authors: Honorato Claucia Aparecida , Cruz Claudinei Da , Carneiro Dalton José , Machado Márcia Rita Fernandes
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a histologia e a histoquímica do intestino anterior de tilápia do Nilo alimentadas com dietas contendo farinha de peixe ou silagem de peixe como fonte de proteína de origem animal. A espessura da vilosidade intestinal dos peixes alimentados com silagem fermentada de resíduo de tilápia foi influenciada pelos teores proteicos, independente das proporções de proteína de origem animal das dietas. Observou-se que a variação da intensidade de secreção de glicoproteínas pelas células caliciformes está diretamente ligada com o tipo de dieta fornecida aos animais. O intestino médio de Oreochromis niloticus apresentou diferenças no padrão de secreção de muco glicoproteico neutro, glicoproteínas ácidas e glicoconjugados, dependendo da origem da proteína e da porcentagem utilizada na dieta, demonstrando que esta espécie pode adaptar seu sistema de secreção para a proteção do aparelho digestório durante a absorção de diferentes fontes proteicas.
Biometria da cabeça e da cavidade craniana de ovinos deslanados sem raça definida (Ovis aries LINNAEUS, 1758) em Petrolina/Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Costa Fernando Santos , Rodrigues Rafael Torres de Souza , Wanderley Carlos Wagner de Souza , Pereira Neto Joaquim , Faria Marcelo Domingues de
Published: June 2016

A espécie ovina é largamente utilizada na região Nordeste do Brasil por apresentar alta rusticidade. No entanto, sua anatomia ainda é pouco estudada. Assim, crescem os estudos para gerar subsídios técnico-científicos àqueles profissionais que trabalham com as áreas aplicadas da Medicina Veterinária e afins. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer correlações entre as dimensões da cabeça e da cavidade craniana, utilizando 80 ovinos, 40 machos e 40 fêmeas, com média de peso entre 27,0 e 33,0 kg. Em fêmeas, foi observada correlação entre a massa corpórea e o comprimento da cabeça; entre a massa corpórea e largura da cabeça; entre o comprimento da cabeça e sua respectiva largura; entre comprimento da cabeça e o comprimento da cavidade craniana e entre a altura da cabeça e o comprimento da cavidade craniana. As demais dimensões, nas fêmeas, não tiveram correlação estatisticamente significativa. Já em animais do sexo masculino, foi possível evidenciar correlação apenas entre a altura da cabeça e altura da cavidade craniana. Desta forma, é possível concluir que, quanto maiores forem as proporções da cabeça, maiores serão as dimensões e volume intracranianos.
Indução da ovulação com gonadotrofina coriônica humana em éguas Crioulas
Authors: Beal Jordana , Rubin Mara Iolanda Batistella , La Corte Flavio Desessards de , Oliveira Luiz Sérgio Segala de , Silva José Henrique Souza da , Silva Carlos Antonio Mondino
Published: June 2016

O efeito da idade, diâmetro folicular e mês da estação de monta (setembro a janeiro) na indução da ovulação com hCG foi avaliado em 123 éguas Crioulas. A idade das éguas variou entre dois e 24 anos e os animais foram examinados diariamente por palpação retal e ultrassonografia com transdutor linear de 5 MHz. Quando os folículos ovarianos atingiram diâmetro de 30 a 35 milímetros aplicou-se uma injeção intravenosa com 1000 UI (n = 39); 1500 UI (n = 41) ou 2000 UI (n = 43) de hCG. As éguas foram cobertas no dia seguinte e examinadas diariamente até a detecção da ovulação. O percentual de éguas que ovularam antes de 24 h da injeção de hCG foi de 10,3%, 7,3% e 4,7%, até 48h após a injeção foi de 92,3%, 85,3% e 86,0%, nos grupos com 1000, 1500 e 2000 UI de hCG, respectivamente. O mês da estação de monta, a idade das éguas ou o diâmetro folicular não influenciaram a resposta ovulatória. As três doses de hCG utilizadas em éguas Crioulas (P >; 0,05) resultaram na indução da ovulação dentro de 48h após a aplicação, quando foi identificado um folículo pré-ovulatório de 30 a 35 mm de diâmetro. Uma única dose de 1000 UI de hCG é eficiente para induzir a ovulação em éguas Crioulas.
Utilização do anel metálico unitary anastomotic device (UAD) e da técnica convencional de sutura para anastomose da artéria carótida experimentalmente em cães
Authors: Teixeira Marcelo Weinsten , Sá Marcelo Jorge Cavalcanti de , Teixeira Maria Juliana Dias , Pina Fabio Luiz Silva , Souza Amaro Fábio de Albuquerque , Soares Anísio Francisco , Azevedo Adílio Santos de
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a técnica de anastomose término-terminal convencional com a utilização do anel metálico Unitary Anastomotic Device (UAD). Seis cães machos, sem raça definida, adultos jovens foram submetidos à anastomose término-terminal experimental da artéria carótida, por meio das duas técnicas operatórias. Em um lado utilizou-se a técnica convencional com sutura contínua, com polipropileno 5-0 unindo três pontos equidistantes e, na artéria contralateral, empregou-se o anel metálico unindo as extremidades vasculares com o mesmo fio. Foram avaliados o tempo de execução das anastomoses a presença de hemorragia durante o procedimento cirúrgico, o diâmetro dos vasos e o pico de velocidade sistólica (PSV) após as anastomoses. Os dados foram submetidos a estudo estatístico (teste t de Student, com nível de significância igual a 0,05%), levando-se em consideração a natureza das variáveis estudadas. O tempo de execução foi estatisticamente menor no lado do anel metálico (P < 0,05), no qual não se observou episódio de hemorragia. A sutura convencional apresentou pequena hemorragia em dois animais, as quais foram contidas com pontos adicionais. Houve aumento estatístico do diâmetro do vaso observado no lado pós-anastomose quando se utilizou a prótese (P < 0,05), o que contribuiu para um menor PVS no local quando comparado com o lado da sutura convencional, embora não tenham diferido estatisticamente (P > 0,05). Os resultados permitiram concluir que ambos os métodos são eficientes, porém o anel metálico propicia um tempo significativamente menor de execução, contribuindo principalmente para cirurgias laboriosas com múltiplas anastomoses, como os transplantes de órgãos, pois o tempo de isquemia do órgão pode ser determinante para a sobrevivência do paciente.
Resultados clínicos e radiográficos de placas ósseas bloqueadas em 13 casos
Authors: Ferrigno Cássio Ricardo Auada , Cunha Olicies Da , Caquias Daniela Fabiana Izquierdo , Ito Kelly Cristiane , Nina Marcos Ishimoto Della , Mariani Tatiana Casimiro , Ferraz Vanessa Couto de Magalhães
Published: June 2016

A Placa Óssea Bloqueada (POB) consiste em um novo sistema de fixação interna, onde a placa apresenta orifícios duplos, um liso para compressão e outro rosqueado para fixação do parafuso que se fixa à placa. Promove grande estabilidade à fratura, sendo possível associar parafusos neutros e compressivos. Parafusos tradicionais comprimem a placa ao osso, nas placas bloqueadas não existe esta força e o encaixe da cabeça do parafuso à placa resulta em menores danos ao suporte vascular periosteal. Treze cães com distúrbios ortopédicos diversos foram tratados cirurgicamente com placa bloqueada com resultados satisfatórios. A placa bloqueada pode ser utilizada na medicina veterinária, porém, é técnica que requer cuidado e planejamento pré-operatório, especialmente na sequência de aplicação dos diferentes tipos de parafusos. Apresenta custo elevado, mas confere estabilidade rígida do foco de fratura e minimiza a possibilidade de perda prematura da interface parafuso e osso, diminuindo a possibilidade de instabilidade precoce e soltura do implante.
Effect of Bone Marrow–Derived Mononuclear Cell Treatment, Early or Late After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sürder Daniel , Manka Robert , Moccetti Tiziano , Lo Cicero Viviana , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Klersy Catherine , Soncin Sabrina , Turchetto Lucia , Radrizzani Marina , Zuber Michel , Windecker Stephan , Moschovitis Aris , Bühler Ines , Kozerke Sebastian , Erne Paul , Lüscher Thomas F. , Corti Roberto
Published: June 2016

Rationale:

Intracoronary delivery of autologous bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) may improve remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Objective:

To demonstrate long-term efficacy of BM-MNC treatment after AMI.

Methods and Results:

In a multicenter study, we randomized 200 patients with large AMI in a 1:1:1 pattern into an open-labeled control and 2 BM-MNC treatment groups. In the BM-MNC groups, cells were either administered 5 to 7 days (early) or 3 to 4 weeks (late) after AMI. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and after 12 months. The current analysis investigates the change from baseline to 12 months in global LV ejection fraction, LV volumes, scar size, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide values comparing the 2 treatment groups with control in a linear regression model. Besides the complete case analysis, multiple imputation analysis was performed to address for missing data. Furthermore, the long-term clinical event rate was computed. The absolute change in LV ejection fraction from baseline to 12 months was −1.9±9.8% for control (mean±SD), −0.9±10.5% for the early treatment group, and −0.7±10.1% for the late treatment group. The difference between the groups was not significant, both for complete case analysis and multiple imputation analysis. A combined clinical end point occurred equally in all the groups. Overall, 1-year mortality was low (2.25%).

Conclusions:

Among patients with AMI and LV dysfunction, treatment with BM-MNC either 5 to 7 days or 3 to 4 weeks after AMI did not improve LV function at 12 months, compared with control. The results are limited by an important drop out rate.

Clinical Trial Registration Information:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00355186.
Exercise Dose in Clinical Practice
Authors: Wasfy Meagan M. , Baggish Aaron L.
Published: June 2016

There is wide variability in the physical activity patterns of the patients in contemporary clinical cardiovascular practice. This review is designed to address the impact of exercise dose on key cardiovascular risk factors and on mortality. We begin by examining the body of literature that supports a dose-response relationship between exercise and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including plasma lipids, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We next explore the relationship between exercise dose and mortality by reviewing the relevant epidemiological literature underlying current physical activity guideline recommendations. We then expand this discussion to critically examine recent data pertaining to the impact of exercise dose at the lowest and highest ends of the spectrum. Finally, we provide a framework for how the key concepts of exercise dose can be integrated into clinical practice.
A Campaign of Truth: The State Department, Propaganda, and the Olympic Games, 1950–1952
Authors: Rider Toby C.
Published: June 2016

Scholars who have examined the role of the Olympic Games in U.S. Cold War strategy have dealt mostly with the post-Stalin era, when the Olympic Games were a stage for “symbolic combat” between athletes from the East and West and a cultural force with a powerful and compelling message that could be used for political gain. The Games were overseen by the International Olympic Committee, which both influenced and was influenced by the actions of world leaders and states. Although U.S. officials generally refused to approve federal funds for the national Olympic team, they took steps to manipulate the Games for propaganda purposes. The Cold War origins of such activities have not yet been clearly delineated. This article shows that Harry Truman's administration in the late 1940s and early 1950s was the first to address and to take advantage of the propaganda potential of the Olympics in the Cold War era, and this transformative period coincided with, and was driven by, the government's much expanded information offensive, the “Campaign of Truth.”
Land Reform in South Korea under the U.S. Military Occupation, 1945–1948
Authors: Kim Inhan
Published: June 2016

The conventional wisdom regarding land reform in South Korea implemented by the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) is that it was a partial and short-term palliative driven by the exigent Communist threat and the free-land program adopted in North Korea. This article offers a new interpretation of the motives, process, and impact of the land reform program under the U.S. military occupation, highlighting three points. First, the United States was serious about conducting a land-to-tiller program because of its desire to stop Communism and pave the way for democracy in South Korea. Both goals were important. Second, the partial reform in March 1948 is explained by volatile political circumstances in South Korea: strong Communist activity at the beginning of the occupation and the rise of intransigent conservatives at the end. Third, the U.S.-sponsored land reform catalyzed further reform by the new South Korean government by setting a precedent and establishing guidelines for land redistribution parcel sizes, prices, and payment schedules.
From Cold War Solidarity to Transactional Engagement: Reinterpreting Australia's Relations with East Asia, 1950–1974
Authors: Halvorson Dan
Published: June 2016

This article challenges the position that genuine and substantive Australian engagement with Asia began only in the 1980s during the final phase of the Cold War. In reality, the deepest points of Australia's political and security engagement occurred much earlier, from 1950 to 1971, with the most intense phase from 1966 to 1968. The Cold War instilled a sense of solidarity with the non-Communist states of East Asia, with which Australia fostered and mostly enjoyed close relationships. These relationships were grounded in shared values and a non-Communist identity that transcended the narrow security interest of Australia's “forward defence” strategy. The conditions for this solidarity were eroded from 1967 to 1972 by a series of compounding factors that transformed Cold War geopolitics in East Asia. By 1974, Australia had been politically distanced from the region with its engagement premised on a broadening but shallower transactional basis.
The Hobbyhorse of the Party for the Animals
Authors: Otjes Simon
Published: June 2016

Can a small, new political party increase the attention to nonhuman animal welfare? This paper traces the effect of the Party for the Animals on the Dutch parliament. This was the first animal advocacy party to enter parliament. After this relatively small, new political party entered the Dutch parliament, attention to agriculture and animal welfare increased markedly. Because of timing of the change and the absence of alternative explanations, it is very likely that the Party for the Animals caused the change. The paper also identifies the underlying mechanism of the change in attention: a conflict between established political parties and the new political party about the framing of the debate on agriculture.
Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning
Authors: Nelson Angie , Signal Tania , Wilson Rachel
Published: June 2016

This study examines the practices of Equine Assisted Therapy and Learning in Australia. Among Equine Assisted Therapy (eat) and Equine Assisted Learning (eal) centers there is a large degree of variation in practice worldwide. The current study outlines a range of practices in two states in Australia whereeatandealhave arisen and evolved from models developed elsewhere. The philosophical foundations, training and certification processes followed along with the types and training of horses involved are compared across facilities. The findings of the study illustrated the large variation ineatandealin current practice in Australia. The results suggested that if the practices ofeatandealare to move out of the “fringe” of mental health and learning professional practice and into the mainstream, their theoretical underpinnings, certification and licensure procedures, and methodology of practice must become more clearly defined.
« Quand on parlait le berbère à la cour de Grenade » : quelques réflexions sur la berbérité de la taifa ziride (al-Andalus, xie siècle)
Authors: Sarr Bilal
Published: June 2016

Using data provided by the written sources and the archaeology, this article aims at analysing the Zirid Taifa of Granada, studying its different elements (administration, organisation of the state, the succession to power and material culture) in order to discover its authentic Berber aspects. The Zirides, recently arrived in al-Andalus, offer us a unique opportunity to draw comparisons between the process of Islamisation in the Maghreb and in al-Andalus. The decisive power of the tribal ǧamāʿa, the important role of women, the persistence of a Berber onomastics and the use of Berber language are features of a group that maintains a North African identity. Other areas, such as the evolution of the city, the pottery and the administrative structure of the state are clearly borrowed from the Arab-Andalusian tradition.

À partir des données fournies par les sources écrites et l’archéologie, cet article se propose d’analyser la taifa ziride de Grenade, en étudiant ses différents éléments (l’organisation de l’État, la désignation des émirs et la culture matérielle) afin de révéler leurs aspects authentiquement berbères. Les Zirides, récemment arrivés en al-Andalus, nous offrent une occasion unique d’établir des parallèles entre le processus d’arabo-islamisation au Maghreb et celui d’al-Andalus. Le pouvoir de décision important de la ǧamāʿa tribale, le rôle de la femme, la persistance d’une onomastique berbère et l’utilisation de la langue berbère sont caractéristiques d’un groupe qui conserve une identité nord-africaine. D’autres domaines comme l’évolution de la ville, le mobilier céramique et la structure administrative de l’État ont en revanche nettement emprunté à la tradition arabo-andalouse.

This article is in French
Femmes des Mille et une nuits
Authors: Garcin Jean-Claude
Published: June 2016

We can assume that we find for the first time in the 15th century the character of Šahrazād as a courageous woman who had taken upon herself to get the king away from his bias against the women after his wife deceived him. Šahrazād tells him stories in which women have not infrequently more fortitude and deserve more to be trusted than men who are sometimes immature. But there are also from the same century other stories in which ancient themes continue, for instance about crafty and lustful women. In the 16th century, “Dalila the wily” upgrade crafty women, but in the seventeeth century, the Ottoman’s connections with Protestant communities in Germany introduced to the Arabian Nights European witches and bird-women. Anyway men have to avoid to fall in love with women. During the 18th century, a solution to the problem of good relationship between men and women is sketched in the “Masrūr and Zayn al-Mawāṣif” story. The two characters, a christian man and a jewish woman, live happily after they had both converted to Islam. In the same way, the Arabian Nights end when the king gives up his bias against the women and marry Šahrazād, “a good wife [. . .] a pure, a chaste, a devout one”. But he has to keep faith with his wife and preserve responbility for her, according to Islamic Law.

Du ixe/xve siècle semble dater le personnage d’une Šahrazād qui s’est donné pour mission de faire revenir le roi de ses préventions sur les femmes, après qu’il ait découvert l’infidélité de son épouse. Šahrazād lui présente des contes où les femmes apparaissent souvent comme plus fortes et dignes de confiance que les personnages masculins, parfois immatures. Mais le recueil enregistre également pour cette époque, des contes où les vieux topoï de la femme rusée et lubrique persistent. Au xe/xvie siècle, le personnage de « Dalila la Rusée » revalorise la ruse des femmes, mais, au xie/xviie siècle, les contacts du pouvoir ottoman avec les protestants d’Allemagne introduisent dans les contes des Nuits, sorcières et femmes-oiseaux venues d’Europe, et les femmes à nouveau sont renvoyées à leur rôle de reproductrices dont il ne faut surtout pas s’éprendre. C’est au xiie/xviiie siècle, qu’une solution s’ébauche. Dans le conte de « Masrūr et Zayn al-Mawāṣif », les deux héros, un chrétien et une juive, trouvent leur bonheur dans une conversion à l’islam. De même à la fin des Nuits, lorsque le roi abandonne ses préventions à l’égard des femmes et épouse Šahrazād, la « bonne épouse [. . .] pure, chaste et pieuse », devient l’épouse du roi revenu de ses erreurs, et au roi s’imposent pour sa part les devoirs de fidélité et d’autorité sur sa femme, comme l’enseigne l’Islam.

This article is in French.
Writing Change: Diglossia and Popular Writing Practices in Egypt
Authors: Kindt Kristian Takvam , Høigilt Jacob , Kebede Tewodros Aragie
Published: June 2016

Arabic is considered a paradigmatic case of diglossia, where written language is regarded as largely the domain of fuṣḥā. Presenting the results of a large-scale survey of language attitudes and practices in Cairo, we argue that this view should be reconsidered. A representative majority of Cairo’s literate population in fact report writing predominantly in the vernacular (ʿāmmiyya), and also regard it as a legitimate written variety, contradicting common assumptions about popular language attitudes. At the same time, fuṣḥā retains its position as an idealized prestigious variety. These surprising results are explained by rising levels of literacy and the growth of computer-mediated communication. The results encourage a rethinking of the language situation in the Arab world, supporting the view that diglossia is a social and cultural resource rather than a problem.

L’arabe est considéré comme un cas paradigmatique de diglossie, dans lequel la langue écrite est largement perçue comme le domaine de la fuṣḥā, ou arabe standard moderne. En présentant les résultats d’une enquête à grande échelle sur les attitudes et pratiques langagières au Caire, nous estimons que ce point de vue devrait être reconsidéré. Une majorité représentative de la population éduquée du Caire écrit principalement en langue vernaculaire (ʿāmmiyya) pour rapporter des informations, et perçoit cette langue comme une variante légitime d’écrit, contredisant les affirmations sur les attitudes populaires vis-à-vis de la langue. Dans le même temps, le fuṣḥā garde sa position de variante prestigieuse et idéalisée. Ces résultats s’expliquent par différents niveaux d’alphabétisation et par le développement de la communication informatique. Les résultats invitent à repenser la situation linguistique du monde arabe, en soutenant l’idée que la diglossie est une richesse sociale et culturelle plutôt qu’un problème.

This article is in French.
Mapping Culture: Battle Array Schemas (Zhentu) in Middle Period China
Authors: Butler M. A.
Published: June 2016

Full descriptions and explanations of battle array schemas (zhentu陣圖) first appear in Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) military manuals. Their increasingly “fantastic” characteristics during the Northern Song (960-1126) have long been a source of fascination and puzzlement. Although modern day scholars question whether such schemas were used in battle, middle imperial writers considered these schemas important enough to include in military manuals. Battle array schemas functioned not only as military tactic, but also as diagrams. As superimposed ideational maps, they scribed a cultural geography, providing an arena for the resolution of the many social and cultural tensions that characterized this era. Derived from ancient diagrams, array schemas both inspired new cultural and philosophical forms and expressed the possibilities for a transformed society.
A comparative study of populations of Ectopleura crocea and Ectopleura ralphi (Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: IMAZU MAURÍCIO ANTUNES , ALE EZEQUIEL , Genzano Gabriel Nestor
Published: June 2016

Ectopleura crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862) and Ectopleura ralphi (Bale, 1884) are two of the nominal tubulariid species recorded for the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), presumably with wide but disjunct geographical ranges and similar morphologies. Our goal is to bring together data from morphology, histology, morphometry, cnidome, and molecules (COI and ITS1+5.8S) to assess the taxonomic identity of two populations of these nominal species in the SWAO. We have observed no significant difference or distributional patterns between the so-called Brazilian E. ralphi and Argentine E. crocea for both morphological and molecular data. Therefore, SWAO populations of Ectopleura belong to the same species. In a broader view, it is difficult to find decisive character distinguishing E. crocea from E. ralphi, and both species have indeed recently been synonymized, with the binomen E. crocea having nomenclatural priority. Geographically broader genetic analysis should be carried out in order to test the validity of this synonymy because taxonomical procedures such as studying type specimens and documenting broad phenotypic variability have not yet been conducted.
A new species of Choerophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from the central cordillera of Papua New Guinea
Authors: IANNELLA AMY , RICHARDS STEPHEN , OLIVER PAUL
Published: June 2016

We describe a new species of very small microhylid frog in the genus Choerophryne from the upper Strickland River area, Western and Southern Highlands Provinces, Papua New Guinea. Choerophryne gracilirostris sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: small size (SUL 13.5–14.7 mm), moderately long and narrow snout, first finger without expanded disk and advertisement call consisting of 3–5 distinctly pulsed notes repeated in long sequences. Males in the type series were calling from within leaf litter in primary hill rainforest (213–1368 m a.s.l.). The new species is the third Choerophryne known from the southern side of New Guinea’s central cordillera. Measurements of a juvenile specimen (rare because most Choerophryne collected are calling males) demonstrate that the distinctive rostral projection of this genus exhibits pronounced positive allometry.
Health Care Ergonomics
Authors: Poole Wilson Tiffany , Davis Kermit G.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the contributions of Thomas Waters’s work in the field of health care ergonomics and beyond.

Background:

Waters’s research of safe patient handling with a focus on reducing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in health care workers contributed to current studies and prevention strategies. He worked with several groups to share his research and assist in developing safe patient handling guidelines and curriculum for nursing students and health care workers.

Methods:

The citations of articles that were published by Waters in health care ergonomics were evaluated for quality and themes of conclusions. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and centrality to original research rating. Themes were documented by the type of population the citing articles were investigating.

Results:

In total, 266 articles that referenced the top seven cited articles were evaluated. More than 95% of them were rated either medium or high quality. The important themes of these citing articles were as follows: (a) Safe patient handling is effective in reducing MSDs in health care workers. (b) Shift work has negative impact on nurses. (c) There is no safe way to manually lift a patient. (d) Nurse curriculums should contain safe patient handling.

Conclusion:

The research of Waters has contributed significantly to the health care ergonomics and beyond. His work, in combination with other pioneers in the field, has generated multiple initiatives, such as a standard safe patient-handling curriculum and safe patient-handling programs.
Leveraging Health Care Simulation Technology for Human Factors Research
Authors: Deutsch Ellen S. , Dong Yue , Halamek Louis P. , Rosen Michael A. , Taekman Jeffrey M. , Rice John
Published: June 2016

Objective:

We describe health care simulation, designed primarily for training, and provide examples of how human factors experts can collaborate with health care professionals and simulationists—experts in the design and implementation of simulation—to use contemporary simulation to improve health care delivery.

Background:

The need—and the opportunity—to apply human factors expertise in efforts to achieve improved health outcomes has never been greater. Health care is a complex adaptive system, and simulation is an effective and flexible tool that can be used by human factors experts to better understand and improve individual, team, and system performance within health care.

Method:

Expert opinion is presented, based on a panel delivered during the 2014 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Health Care Symposium.

Results:

Diverse simulators, physically or virtually representing humans or human organs, and simulation applications in education, research, and systems analysis that may be of use to human factors experts are presented. Examples of simulation designed to improve individual, team, and system performance are provided, as are applications in computational modeling, research, and lifelong learning.

Conclusion:

The adoption or adaptation of current and future training and assessment simulation technologies and facilities provides opportunities for human factors research and engineering, with benefits for health care safety, quality, resilience, and efficiency.

Application:

Human factors experts, health care providers, and simulationists can use contemporary simulation equipment and techniques to study and improve health care delivery.
Research on Internal Flow and Performance of Swirlmeter with Different Swirler Cone Angle
Authors: Chen Desheng , Cui Baoling , Zhu Zuchao
Published: June 2016

The performance of a swirlmeter (or vortex precession flowmeter) was numerically and experimentally evaluated. With methods from computational fluid dynamics, the flow fields of the swirlmeter were analyzed, revealing their flow characteristics. To obtain detailed flow information with the Re-Normalization Group k –  ε turbulence model and SIMPLE arithmetic, which couples pressure and velocity, the three-dimensional unsteady incompressible flow of a swirlmeter was numerically simulated. By varying the cone angle of the swirler, the performance of the swirlmeter was analyzed. The results show that the pressure fluctuation frequency inside has a linear response to flow rate, and the swirlmeter achieves high accuracy over a large measurement range. The pressure fluctuation near the region between throat and diffusor was stronger than other regions offering then an ideal location to mount the piezoelectric sensors. Different swirler cone angles were shown to influence both pressure drop and fluctuation; smaller cone angles produced higher frequency fluctuations but larger pressure loss.
Stammering Toward the Unsayable: Old Testament Theology, Trauma Theory, and Genesis
Authors: O’Connor Kathleen M.
Published: June 2016

This essay begins its discussion of biblical theology with the simple assertion that God is ineffable. Biblical language neither contains God nor provides satisfactory ontological insight into the divine being. The multiple theologies expressed in the Bible arise from and address concrete needs of historical communities and present the Holy One in ways to intervene within those realities. Theories of trauma and disaster, employed here to study presentations of divinity in Jeremiah and Genesis, provide support for this view.
Distinct Oral Neutrophil Subsets Define Health and Periodontal Disease States
Authors: Fine N. , Hassanpour S. , Borenstein A. , Sima C. , Oveisi M. , Scholey J. , Cherney D. , Glogauer M.
Published: June 2016

Neutrophils exit the vasculature and swarm to sites of inflammation and infection. However, these cells are abundant in the healthy, inflammation-free human oral environment, suggesting a unique immune surveillance role within the periodontium. We hypothesize that neutrophils in the healthy oral cavity occur in an intermediary parainflammatory state that allows them to interact with and contain the oral microflora without eliciting a marked inflammatory response. Based on a high-throughput screen of neutrophil CD (cluster of differentiation) marker expression and a thorough literature review, we developed multicolor flow cytometry panels to determine the surface marker signatures of oral neutrophil subsets in periodontal health and disease. We define here 3 distinct neutrophil subsets: resting/naive circulatory neutrophils, parainflammatory neutrophils found in the healthy oral cavity, and proinflammatory neutrophils found in the oral cavity during chronic periodontal disease. Furthermore, parainflammatory neutrophils manifest as 2 distinct subpopulations—based on size, granularity, and expression of specific CD markers—and exhibit intermediate levels of activation as compared with the proinflammatory oral neutrophils. These intermediately activated parainflammatory populations occur in equal proportions in the healthy oral cavity, with a shift to one highly activated proinflammatory neutrophil population in chronic periodontal disease. This work is the first to identify and characterize oral parainflammatory neutrophils that interact with commensal biofilms without inducing an inflammatory response, thereby demonstrating that not all neutrophils trafficking through periodontal tissues are fully activated. In addition to establishing possible diagnostic and treatment monitoring biomarkers, this oral neutrophil phenotype model builds on existing literature suggesting that the healthy periodontium may be in a parainflammatory state.
Comparing American State Resident Neuroticism and State Tightness-Looseness as Predictors of Annual State Residential Mobility
Authors: McCann Stewart J. H.
Published: June 2016

State resident neuroticism and the Harrington and Gelfand state tightness-looseness dimension were compared as predictors of state levels of residential mobility from 2004 to 2005 in the 50 American states. Hierarchical multiple regression controlled for state SES, white population percent, urban population percent, home ownership percent, and percent of home owners or renters paying 30 percent or more of household income for housing. Not moving was associated with higher neuroticism but not with tightness-looseness. Same-county moving, different-county moving, and within-state moving was associated with lower neuroticism but tightness-looseness was unrelated to any of these three criteria. However, lower tightness was associated with different-state moving and higher tightness was associated with greater tendency to move within a state rather than to a different state. Neuroticism showed no relation to the ratio of different-state to same-state moving. Results suggest distance moved may determine when neuroticism or tightness-looseness is a residential mobility predictor.
Homonegative Attitudes and their Correlates Among Vietnamese College Students
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Toan , Kimura Kenichi , Morinaga Yasuko
Published: June 2016

This study investigated sex differences in homonegativity and their correlates among 197 Vietnamese college students (males = 49, females = 148, M = 20.9 years, SD = 2.9) in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey included Vietnamese-language versions of four scales measuring attitudes toward homosexuality (ATHS), traditional masculinity ideology, knowledge of homosexuality, and contact experiences with homosexuals. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a 3-factor structure for the ATHS: Homonegativity, Tolerance, and Positive Images. Male respondents reported significantly higher scores on homonegativity. Traditional masculinity ideology was positively related to females’ homonegativity, but negatively correlated with tolerant attitudes of both males and females. Knowledge about homosexuality was negatively correlated with homonegativity. Media contact with homosexuals was negatively correlated with males’ homonegativity, but positively correlated with both females and males’ tolerant attitudes. Results suggest that future research develop a new scale to measure Vietnamese’s homonegativity and that media contact as well as ample and accurate knowledge about homosexuality can alter homonegativity.
Does Satisfaction With Family-Friendly Programs Reduce Turnover? A Panel Study Conducted in U.S. Federal Agencies
Authors: Caillier James Gerard
Published: June 2016

This article sought to understand the association between employee satisfaction with several family-friendly programs and turnover in U.S. federal agencies. It also built on previous cross-sectional studies that examined the relationship between these benefits and both attitudes and outcomes. More specifically, this article used social exchange theory to develop hypotheses regarding the effect of telework, alternative work schedules, child care subsidies, elder care, employee assistance programs, and health and wellness programs on turnover. Furthermore, 4 years of panel data were obtained from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey and FedScope to test the hypotheses. Consistent with social exchange theory, results from the balanced panel model indicate that satisfaction with family-friendly programs in general had a significant, negative effect on turnover at the .10 level. The results also indicate that alternative work schedules, child care programs, and employee assistance programs reduced turnover. Child care and employee assistance programs were significant at the .10 level. Telework, elder care, and health and wellness programs, on the other hand, were not found to have an impact on turnover. The implications the results have for theory and practice are discussed in the article.
Effects of feedback on parent–child language with infants and toddlers in Korea
Authors: Pae Soyeong , Yoon Hyojin , Seol Ahyoung , Gilkerson Jill , Richards Jeffrey A. , Ma Lin , Topping Keith
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the natural language environments of families with typically-developing infants receiving language feedback in South Korea. Volunteer parents of 99 children aged 4–16 months were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. During 6 months’ intervention, the experimental group recorded weekly day-long automatically-analyzed LENA measures of language environment and viewed feedback, while the control group recorded only baseline, mid-period and post-test without feedback. LENA Adult Word Counts (AWC) and Conversational Turn (CT) counts correlated reasonably well with human transcripts. At baseline groups were not significantly different. At post-test there was no significant overall difference between experimental and control groups, but AWC and CT differences were significant for families below the 50th percentile at baseline. Korean parents whose linguistic environment was below average adapted their communicative interaction in response to linguistic feedback. The intervention has promise for use with at-risk families in many countries.
American Graffiti: Effects of Authority and Reactance Arousal
Authors: Pennebaker James W. , Sanders Deborah Yates
Published: June 2016

High or low threats to subjects’ freedom to write on toilet stall walls were attributed to either a high or low authority source. Graffiti written on the threatening placards were directly related to both authority and threat level. The results were interpreted as responses to reactance arousal. Conceptual problems dealing with authority are discussed.
Process and impact of an advance care planning intervention evaluated by bereaved surrogate decision-makers of dialysis patients
Authors: Song Mi-Kyung , Metzger Maureen , Ward Sandra E
Published: June 2016

Background:

Few studies have examined the process and impact of an advance care planning intervention experienced by surrogate decision-makers of dialysis patients.

Aim:

To explore the perspectives of the bereaved surrogates of dialysis patients on the process and impact of an advance care planning intervention and to compare the perceived impacts of the intervention between African Americans and Whites.

Design:

Qualitative interviews and thematic analysis.

Setting/participants:

24 bereaved surrogates of patients from outpatient dialysis centers were interviewed. Both patients and surrogates had been participants in a larger efficacy study and had received an advance care planning intervention, SPIRIT (Sharing Patient’s Illness Representations to Increase Trust).

Results:

Two themes related to the process of SPIRIT were as follows: (1) SPIRIT provided a welcome opportunity to think about and discuss topics that had been avoided and (2) SPIRIT helped patients and surrogates to share their feelings. Four themes of the SPIRIT’s impact were as follows: (1) SPIRIT was an eye-opening experience, acquiring knowledge and understanding of the patient’s illness and end-of-life care, (2) SPIRIT helped strengthen relationships between patients and surrogates, (3) SPIRIT helped surrogates feel prepared during the time leading up to end-of-life decision-making, and (4) SPIRIT helped surrogates have peace of mind during and after actual end-of-life decision-making. Themes related to SPIRIT’s impact on feeling prepared for end-of-life decision-making and the actual decision-making experience more frequently occurred in African Americans than in Whites.

Conclusion:

Our data may help explain the beneficial effects of SPIRIT on surrogates, but future trials should include data on control surrogates’ perspectives.
Ranking Public Policy and Administration Graduate Programs, 1995-2016
Authors: Frederickson H. George , Stazyk Edmund C.
Published: June 2016

In 1995, U.S. News and World Report ( U.S. News) released its first ranking of public affairs master’s degree programs. The rankings have been conducted every 3 years since and have grown in importance to public policy and public administration programs. This study considers the history and background of ranking public policy and administration graduate programs, the rationale used by U.S. News, and the methodology used by U.S. News. This is followed by a longitudinal analysis of these rankings from 1995 to 2016. Findings are presented in a conceptual framework of academic rankings using concepts of equilibrium, specialization, diffusion of innovations, and institutional isomorphism. The implications of this framework and the findings of our analysis are spelled out for public affairs deans, directors, and faculty seeking to improve their ranking as well as those seeking to hold on to their present rankings.