bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of spring soil moisture reserves in a slope agricultural landscape
Authors: Chuyan Oleg , Glazunov Gennady , Afonchenko Nina , Karaulova Lyudmila , Mitrokhina Olga , Zolotukhin Alipiy , Kaluzhskih Alexander
Published: July 2024

This study conducted a systematic analysis of agroclimatic conditions, relief morphology, and soil moisture dynamics over a five-year period to identify territorial differences and temporal changes in productive moisture reserves on arable slopes with chernozem soils. The results show that changes in spring productive moisture reserves are primarily linked to variations in hydrothermal conditions from the previous hydrological year, encompassing both the cold and warm periods. The heterogeneity of moisture reserves within the agricultural landscape is influenced by the heat supply of the slopes.
Minimizing the impact of long-lasting herbicides on the functioning of crop rotations
Authors: Gureev Ivan , Gostev Andrey , Khlupina Svetlana , Lukyanov Vyacheslav , Pruschik Ivan
Published: July 2024

The studies aimed to identify the most responsive test plant species to the aftereffects of herbicides and to verify the actual signs of their phytotoxicity. Soil samples were collected in 2023 from plots treated with herbicides in 2022 on the experimental field of the research and production unit No. 2 of the Kursk FARC (Kursk region, Medvensky district, Panino village). This study proposes evaluating the responsiveness of test plants to the aftereffects of herbicides using the Harrington desirability function. The results show that the most pronounced sensitivity to phytotoxicity in terms of root growth intensity is “quite acceptable, good” on the desirability scale, with a value of di = 0.68. The sensitivity to phytotoxicity was more pronounced in dicotyledonous plants, particularly oilseed radish (di = 0.69), and in cereals, particularly spring barley (di = 0.72), based on the intensity of root growth.
Ways to increase the efficiency of growing products in greenhouses
Authors: Yusupov Sharofiddin B. , Qurbonazarov Suhrob E. , Saymbetov Zinatdin J. , Kenesbayev Rinat K.
Published: July 2024

Light plays a crucial role in plant life, as it determines the process of photosynthesis. The red spectrum, specifically radiation within the 600- 700 nm range, has the highest quantum yield among all wavelengths of sunlight. This means that plants convert red light energy into work more efficiently, making it essential for a higher rate of photosynthesis. The red spectrum also significantly impacts plant growth and development, influencing seed germination, organ shape and size, and flowering speed. Phytochromes, which monitor photoperiod length, play a key role in regulating plant growth and development in natural light conditions. Many plants use seasonal signals, including photoperiod length, to initiate and complete flowering programs. Therefore, the red spectrum is particularly important for plant photoperiods, vegetable and garden crops, sweet pepper seedlings, and the efficiency of LED linear irradiators.
Intelligent vineyard monitoring using YOLOv7
Authors: Kuznetsov Pavel , Voronin Dmitry , Kotelnikov Dmitriy
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the technology for automated neural network monitoring of the vineyard’s physiological condition. The proposed solution is based on the integrated use of convolutional neural network method and machine vision technologies. The training of the YOLOv7 neural network was implemented in the Python environment using the PyTorch framework and the OpenCV computer vision library. The dataset consisting of 6320 images of grape leaves (including healthy and diseased ones) has been used for neural network training. The obtained results showed that the detection accuracy is at least 91%. Visualization of monitoring results has been carried out using heatmap, allowing to obtain information about vineyard physiological condition in dynamics. The proposed mathematical model allows to calculate the monitored vineyard’s area made by one complex per day.
Food security of sustainable development of rural territories
Authors: Yukovleva Olga , Fedotova Ayuna , Verezubova Natalia , Ershov Nikolay , Shaposhnikova Bayrta , Fedotova Gilyan
Published: July 2024

In modern regional development, food security remains a critical global problem, the solution of which dictates the need for a comprehensive approach to the assessment of factors modelling the situation. The high dependence of food markets on the geopolitical situation in the countries that produce agricultural raw materials makes it necessary to search for new suppliers and new ways to increase production. Countries with predominantly agricultural specialization of regions are now getting an opportunity to occupy the vacated market niches and enter the world food markets. It becomes obvious that there is a new round of interregional interaction and establishment of trade relations between producers and suppliers of agricultural products, as well as the development of new agrofood systems.
A systematic approach to the production of functional food products using medicinal plant raw materials
Authors: Evdokimova Oxana , Evdokimov Nikita , Ivanova Tamara , Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna
Published: July 2024

A systematic approach to the production of functional food products using medicinal plant materials, including four stages, is proposed. At each stage, goals and objectives are formulated, for the solution of which legal acts (orders) are issued by the heads of the Departments of Forestry, Health, Industry and Trade at the regional level. The Forestry Department controls the procurement of food forest resources and the collection of medicinal plants. The Department of Health resolves fundamentally important issues related to the detection and prevention of non-communicable diseases, and the conduct of clinical trials. The Department of Industry and Trade selects food industry enterprises in the region, organizes and introduces functional food products into production. The necessity of using medicinal plant raw materials as a valuable source of biologically active substances in functional food technologies is substantiated. The regulatory framework regulating the production, procurement and storage of plant raw materials is presented, the goals and objectives of individual Departments responsible for the quality of life of the population are formulated, and a systematic approach is proposed for the development and promotion of functional food products at enterprises in accordance with the needs of the regions.
The optimal way to add a mixture of vegetable powders to a yogurt recipe based on goat’s milk
Authors: Zaikina Maria , Zaikin Alexander , Galchenko Svetlana
Published: July 2024

Combining vegetable and dairy raw materials will allow expanding the range of useful products, while regulating their composition in accordance with the basic provisions of the theory of balanced nutrition. The consumption of cultured milk products that contain beneficial substances for health is an efficient way to enhance the body's protective functions. The article proposes a technology for the production of yogurt based on goat's milk and a plant composition (aronia and hawthorn powder). Work was carried out to study the effect of additives on various stages of fermentation of the developed yogurt. Based on the study findings, a specific stage and method for incorporating a plant additive into the milk mixture were chosen. The ideal dosage of aronia and hawthorn powders in the milk mixture was determined to be 5%. It was observed that adding the additive before fermentation resulted in a decline in appearance and consistency, such as whey separation. However, introducing a combination of aronia and hawthorn powders during the fermentation stage proved beneficial in enhancing the sensory qualities of goat milk-based yogurt.
Mathematical modeling of the extraction process of oil-containing raw materials
Authors: Gafurov Karim , Jumayev Jura , Safarova Dilshoda , Shamsiddinova Maftunabonu
Published: July 2024

A mathematical model for the extraction of oil-containing seeds in a one-dimensional formulation is considered. It is assumed that the seed petal as a modeling object has the form of a three-dimensional rectangular unlimited plate. The equation of nonstationary diffusion was chosen as a mathematical model and the third initial boundary condition was formed. Biot and Fourier diffusion criteria were determined. The problem is solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme and the sweep method. The results of the theoretical study are compared with experimental data, which shows no more than 10% relative error.
Innovative methods of processing liquid food media
Authors: Ergasheva Zulfiya , Xalmuhamedova Shakhnoza , Sultanova Shakhnoza , Safarov Jasur
Published: July 2024

Cheese is a staple in Uzbekistan, with high demand and widespread consumption. Milk is the primary source of cheese production, and various factors influence the final product. Not only cow’s milk but also goat’s, sheep’s, and other types can be used. Despite the numerous types of cheese, a unified classification remains elusive. Additionally, different countries may use the same name for distinct cheeses, resulting from varying technological processes. Conversely, the same cheese name can be associated with different production methods. This study aims to address these complexities and explore the diversity of cheese products in Uzbekistan.
Analysis of the process of balanced charging of the battery group with high capacity
Authors: Murodov Khasan , Karshibayev Askarbek , Abdullayev Shukhrat
Published: July 2024

The article presents an analysis of the types of high-capacity batteries, their applications and charging processes. The characteristics of stationary batteries are also listed. Comparative characteristics of parameters of modern various chemical accumulators of electric energy of lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-manganese and lithium-ion batteries are given. The processes occurring in the battery after several cycles of operation are considered as a change in its wear rate. Supplied from a 32 single source, batteries are considered both passive and active charging methods through sequential processes. The disadvantages and advantages of passive and active methods are listed. The influence of the parameters of the state of batteries in a state of voltage imbalance on the number of its cycles, charge level and discharge depth indicators depending on the charging time, on the state of voltage imbalance has been studied.
Theoretical research of the improved condenser device used in technology of lint separation
Authors: Khakimov Sherkul , Sayfullayev Sayyor , Ismoyilov Furkat , Tursunov Hamidulla , Abrorov Akbar
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the disadvantages of lint condensers that used to separate lint from cotton seeds in the cotton gins. The processes taking place in the machines during the separation of lint fibers from the air flow, the operational and structural parameters of the lint condenser are considered. In order to increase the energy saving and efficiency of the condenser machine in separating lint from the air stream, the ways to eliminate the shortcomings of the machine and the instructions for improving the condenser are explained. Taking into account the increase of the population in the world and their need for cotton fiber raw materials to a certain extent, we need to increase production capacity, efficiency and productivity of cotton ginning enterprises by replacing or improving obsolete machines.
Analysis of transport and its cargo processes
Authors: Ikromov Nurillo , Temirov Sherali , Kuchkorov Isroiljon , Juraev Vokhidjon , Xalimov Javoxirbek
Published: July 2024

This article includes basic and auxiliary work for the transportation of goods, as well as preparation of goods for transportation, loading and unloading of goods on vehicles, and sometimes storage works for a certain period of time in warehouses. When preparing for transportation, the cargo is placed in a certain order, sorted and divided into transportation routes: the cargo is weighed on a scale, then it is marked with certain signs, packaged, transportation documents are drawn up, etc. Loading and unloading operations are carried out with the help of mechanisms, taking into account the characteristics of the loads. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the rolling stock does not exceed the norm during loading and unloading operations.
Investigation of the process of the influence of winding spindles with cotton fiber on the performance of a cotton picker
Authors: Abduvaliev Ubaydulla , Jumaev Akbarjon , Nurullaev Rakhimberdi , Jakhonov Shokhrukh , Jurakulov Ikhtiyor
Published: July 2024

One of the factors affecting the performance of a cotton picker is the process of winding the spindles with cotton fiber. Therefore, studying the effect of the process of winding spindles with cotton fiber is one of the important problems. Based on the conducted research, the influence of the process of winding spindles with cotton fiber really affects the performance of the cotton picker.
A comparative investigation of the structure and properties of nanofibers based on Bombyx mori chitosan and Artemia sp.cysts chitosan
Authors: Ashurov Nurbek , Yugay Svetlana , Gulomjonov Khumoyunmirzo , Shakhabutdinov Sirojiddin , Atakhanov Abdumutolib , Akhimbetova Gulnara , Rashidova Sayyora
Published: July 2024

The Bombyx mori chitosan and Artemia sp.cysts chitosan were isolated from different sources, and nanofibers based on them were electrospun from the acetic acid solutions. The rheological properties of chitosan solution in 80% acetic acid were investigated. The structure and morphology of the nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was revealed that the structure of chitosan samples changes when producing nanofibers by electrospinning.
Ways to prevent ferroresonance phenomena in a network with an isolated neutral
Authors: Dyukin Ilyas R.
Published: July 2024

Ferroresonance is a phenomenon in electric power systems that can result in severe consequences, including increased short-circuit currents, equipment overload, and potential damage to transformers and other devices. To address these challenges, this study aims to explore and implement effective methods for mitigating ferroresonance. The research investigates different techniques employed by engineers and operators to prevent and manage ferroresonance occurrences in electric power systems. The primary objective of this work is to identify and analyze various methods used to mitigate ferroresonance, considering both preventive measures and reactive strategies. The study employs a combination of literature review, simulation studies, and practical case analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of the available techniques.The research results indicate that a combination of passive and active mitigation methods, such as damping resistors, surge arresters, and proper system grounding, can significantly reduce the impact of ferroresonance. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of these methods in different power system scenarios. In conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of implementing a multi-faceted approach to ferroresonance mitigation. The study contributes valuable insights into the selection and application of suitable methods for engineers and operators in electric power systems.
Oil and gas engineering in the activities of PJSC LUKOIL
Authors: Sentishcheva Elena , Parchomchuk Marina , Kuzmina Violetta , Zelenina Angelina
Published: July 2024

This article describes the concept of oil and gas engineering as one of the fundamental in the modern economy, which combines scientific and production aspects. The authors analyze the development of the oil and gas sector of the economy in terms of engineering operations, considered on the activities of one of the largest Russian oil companies, the second largest oil production in Russia - PJSC LUKOIL. The following methods are used: critical analysis of literature, classification, synthesis, grouping, comparison and generalization of corporate documents of industry companies, information and analytical materials of international and Russian statistical services, relevant ministries and organizations, scientific publications on the topic of research. Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn: currently, engineering activities in the oil and gas sector play an important role, allowing to solve the problem of providing oil and gas enterprises with critical components, as well as to realize the scientific and technical potential of Russian organizations. Despite the limited capabilities, oil and gas companies resort to technological and research and development, which leads to increased productivity without the introduction of new and improved equipment.
Nouveau jeu de masques pour la prise en main des étapes de base de fabrication en salle blanche de composants microélectroniques
Authors: de Sagazan O. , Lebreton C. , Jacques E. , Pichon L.
Published: July 2024

Depuis plus de 30 ans le CCMO propose des formations aux techniques de fabrication de micro-composants en salle blanche. L’actualité récentes à remis en lumière l’importance stratégiques de ces technologies de micro-fabrications. A travers un TP de 4 jours, le CCMO permet à des élèves de second cycle, de découvrir l’univers de la fabrication des composants semiconducteurs ainsi que de leurs méthodes de tests électriques. Ainsi au bout de la formation les élèves auront réalisé et testé des transistors, des diodes et même des circuits logiques simples.
Système Embarqué de Type Nœud IoT Communicant Sans Fil
Authors: Frick V. , Imbert F.
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente la réalisation d’un système embarqué remplissant la fonction de nœud IoT (Internet of Things) mené dans le cadre d’une Situation d’Apprentissage et d’Évaluation (SAÉ). Les étudiants conçoivent un système chargé de mettre en œuvre un capteur environnemental (température, humidité, etc.) numérique ayant un protocole non-conventionnel. Les données du capteur sont gérées par un processeur embarqué et transmises au moyen d’un module de communication radiofréquence. En outre, le système exploite le protocole de communication MQTT pour communiquer avec des clients mobiles. Les étudiants montrent un fort intérêt pour ce projet pluridisciplinaire, qui comporte également une partie dédiée au développement d’une application mobile particulièrement ludique. Les résultats obtenus montrent par ailleurs qu’ils atteignent globalement les objectifs et valident les compétences attendues.
Caractérisation automatisée et conception de puce
Authors: Guerin M. , Meillère S. , Pannier P. , Tortel H. , Laffont R.
Published: July 2024

Dans le cadre du projet pédagogique CARA_PUCE, une équipe d’une trentaine d’étudiants, encadrés par deux enseignants-chercheurs a mis en application un flot de rétro-ingénierie en microélectronique. Ils ont mis au point un banc de caractérisation automatisé de portes logiques, puis ils ont créé et simulé le schéma niveau transistor des portes logiques. Les simulations ont pour objectif d’extraire précisément les performances électriques des portes avant d’en réaliser le dessin des masques (layout). Les vues schématique et layout sont réalisées en technologie AMS CMOS 0,35µm en utilisant les ressources logicielles et matérielles de la plateforme IDLab du CNFM PACA cofinancée par l’IDEFI FINMINA et POLYTECH MARSEILLE.
Les principes de la chimie verte pour une électronique plus durable : une nouvelle approche de la synthèse chimique de nanoparticules d’oxyde de tungstène WO3 intégrées dans un capteur de gaz
Authors: Harmel J. , Tan R. , Capello Ch. , Rouabhi Ch. , Gessinn F. , Schauber J. , Lincelles J-B. , Respaud M.
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente une nouvelle approche pour la synthèse de nanofils d’oxyde métallique pour la réalisation de Capteur de gaz à base de nanoparticules. Le nouveau procédé de synthèse chimique est plus fiable et plus facilement réalisable par les étudiants. De plus, le procédé est en accord avec des grands principes de la chimie verte réduisant au minimum le recours et la production des produits dangereux et potentiellement toxiques pour l’homme et l’environnement.
Initiation à la fabrication additive pour l’électronique flexible : Réalisation de capteurs résistifs par sérigraphie
Authors: Le Bihan F. , Selmi R. , Fustec J-C , Rammal J. , Harnois M.
Published: July 2024

La fabrication additive est une méthode de fabrication qui doit permettre de répondre à certains défis sociaux majeurs et actuels. En effet, par nature, elle répond aux besoins environnementaux de minimisation des étapes de fabrication, d’utilisation de matériaux, de substances chimiques, etc. Elle est aussi une des solutions permettant, à terme, de mettre en œuvre des matériaux très variés, innovants et plus respectueux de l’environnement. Elle est également adaptée à la formation des étudiants sur les technologies additives pour l’électronique flexible. En effet, sa prise en main est rapide et peut conduire à la fabrication et au test de différentes structures électroniques et de capteurs. La formation proposée met en œuvre des connaissances théoriques, technologiques et pratiques, qui couvrent le panel des applications et secteurs d’intérêt, tout en permettant des réalisations avec des matériaux variés pour des applications concrètes telles que des capteurs de température, de déformation ou d’humidité. Son intérêt est également d’apporter aux étudiants quelques compétences sur cette technologie, d’autant plus que celle-ci est soutenue par un tissu industriel composé à la fois de PME et de grandes entreprises réparties sur l’ensemble du territoire.
Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d’un transposeur abaisseur de fréquence en bande X
Authors: Picheta L. , Hoël V.
Published: July 2024

Ces travaux de projet technique ont été menés à l’Université de Lille, sur les plateformes de CAO et de caractérisation du PLFM (Pôle Lillois pour la Formation en Microélectronique et en nanotechnologies), par des étudiants en 2ème année du master Réseaux & Télécommunications parcours Systèmes électroniques communicants (https://master-electronique.univ-lille.fr/master-reseaux-et-telecommunication). Ce parcours de formation ouvert à l’alternance forme les étudiants aux fonctions d’ingénieur expert dans la conception et la caractérisation électronique haute fréquence (Radio et hyperfréquences) utilisée dans tous les systèmes actuels de communication : objets connectés IoT, bluetooth, WIFI, téléphonie cellulaire (4G,5G), identification sans contact (étiquette RF, RFID, NFC). Les compétences fournies permettent à nos diplômés de répondre aux développements de ces applications et de s’adapter aux futures technologies dans un domaine en constante mutation et un marché en pleine expansion.
Identifier les animaux suspects d’être atteints par une maladie transmissible chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Topie Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

L’identification des animaux suspects d’être atteints d’une maladie transmissible doit être la plus précoce possible. Le motif de consultation et les antécédents de l’animal sont le premier signe d’appel.

S’ils ne permettent pas de suspecter une maladie contagieuse dès la prise de rendez-vous ou à l’arrivée dans la structure vétérinaire, l’examen clinique oriente souvent vers une suspicion. Celle-ci est confirmée ou infirmée le plus rapidement possible par les méthodes de dépistage adaptées.

Une bonne connaissance de la symptomatologie des différentes maladies transmissibles permet d’identifier rapidement les animaux concernés.
Un individu peut être défini comme contagieux confirmé, suspect ou possiblement infecté en fonction de l’exposition à la maladie et à la confirmation ou non de celle-ci.

Les principales maladies contagieuses des animaux de compagnie rencontrées doivent être suspectées en cas de syndrome fébrile, d’atteinte des voies respiratoires ou de la cavité buccale, de gastro-entérite, d’avortement, de certaines atteintes dermatologiques ou auriculaires, notamment parasitaire ou fongique.

Le caractère zoonotique de la leptospirose notamment par contact avec les urines est à considérer lors de la prise en charge de ces animaux. Une évaluation de la contagiosité et de la gravité de la maladie transmissible suspectée permet de prendre les mesures adaptées afin de limiter la dissémination d’agent pathogène en milieu hospitalier.
Comment prévenir les risques de morsure et de griffure
et prendre en charge un animal mordeur ou griffeur
Authors: Haddad Nadia , Gilbert Caroline
Published: July 2024

Les morsures et les griffures par des carnivores domestiques constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. Même si peu sont graves à priori, les conséquences physiques, zoonotiques et psychologiques sont importantes et largement sous-estimées.

Dans 60 p. cent des cas connus de morsure de chien, la victime est un membre de la famille. Il s’agit aussi de l'accident professionnel le plus fréquent chez les vétérinaires, exposés en première ligne.

Tant dans le milieu familial que chez le vétérinaire, une orientation résolument préventive est à privilégier, même si toute morsure/griffure n’est pas évitable. Les stades précoces de la vie sont cruciaux en termes de prévention, ainsi qu’un environnement enrichi et la reconnaissance des signaux émis par les animaux par le propriétaire comme par les professionnels, et la mise en place de moyens de prévention chez le vétérinaire.

Ce dernier est, par ailleurs, tenu pour responsable en cas de survenue de morsures et de griffures à la clinique et doit, dans tous les cas de morsure ou de griffure d'une personne (et dans certaines circonstances d'un animal) à la clinique, appliquer la réglementation rage et celle relative à l'évaluation comportementale dans le cas d'un chien mordeur de personne, sans oublier les aspects médicaux.

La mise en œuvre pourtant obligatoire de ces deux catégories de mesures se heurte, aux yeux même des praticiens, et plus encore des propriétaires, à la “banalité” des morsures et des griffures lorsqu’elles ne sont pas sévères de façon flagrante, mais reste un rempart nécessaire, respectivement contre la rage (même si des évolutions seraient à envisager sur la base d’une analyse de risque) et contre de nouvelles morsures.
Update Varizella-Zoster-Impfung
Authors: Prelog Martina
Published: July 2024

Die attenuierte Lebendimpfung gegen Varizellen (Windpocken) hat sich in den letzten 2
Jahrzehnten als effektiv und sicher herausgestellt. Der Schutz vor Erkrankung kann durch die
zweite Varizellen-(VZV)-Impfung auf über 95% mit einer langanhaltenden Wirksamkeit angehoben
werden. Gerade immunsupprimierte oder -defiziente Patienten profitieren von den
individualisierten Impfempfehlungen in Abhängigkeit von der immunologischen Dysregulation und
der pharmakologisch relevanten Immunsuppression. Zur Postexpositionsprophylaxe steht eine
passive Immunisierung mit VZV-Hyperimmunglobulin zur Verfügung. Ein adjuvantierter
rekombinanter Zoster-Impfstoff boostert die VZV-spezifische T-Zell-Immunantwort bei
Erwachsenen und ist allen Erwachsenen mit erhöhtem Zoster-Risiko empfohlen. Obwohl
ursprünglich Skepsis bestand gegen die generelle VZV-Impfempfehlung, zeigen sich nun in der
Zusammenschau der mittlerweile generierten Evidenz eine signifikante Abnahme der
Varizellen-Inzidenzen und ein sehr gutes Sicherheitsprofil hinsichtlich Transmission des
Impfstammes, Durchbruchsinfektionen und Zoster-Reaktivierung.
Wie können Menschen mit einer Hörbehinderung über eine
Hörsystemversorgung hinaus unterstützt werden?
Authors: Geßner Sophie , Fuchs Michael , Pieper Lennart Heinrich , Tretbar Kathleen
Published: July 2024

Ziel Menschen mit Hörbehinderungen wenden zahlreiche Strategien an, um
Schwierigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der eigenen Höreinschränkung bewältigen zu
können – dieser Prozess wird als Selbstmanagement bezeichnet. Während die
Förderung von Selbstmanagement in fremdsprachigen Rehabilitationsprogrammen fest
verankert ist, gibt es in Deutschland bisher keinerlei Empfehlungen hierzu.
Deshalb besteht das Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews zunächst darin, einen
Überblick bestehender Selbstmanagement-Interventionen für Menschen mit
Hörbehinderungen zu geben und anschließend Einsatzmöglichkeiten im deutschen
Versorgungssystem anzureißen.

Methodik Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde auf PubMed
durchgeführt, um Studien mit entsprechenden Interventionsansätzen zu
identifizieren. Wenn die vordefinierten Einschlusskriterien erfüllt werden
konnten, wurden Informationen zur Publikation, Intervention und Evaluation aus
den einzelnen Studien extrahiert und qualitativ zusammengefasst. Die methodische
Qualität der Studien wurde bewertet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 23 Artikel eingeschlossen werden. Die
einzelnen Interventionen verfolgten verschiedenste Ziele, thematisierten ein
breites Spektrum von Inhalten (Informationsvermittlung, Aspekte zur
Kommunikationsverbesserung, psychosoziale, technische oder spezifische Aspekte)
und wurden entweder gruppenbasiert, individuumsbasiert oder selbstangeleitet
implementiert. Im Rahmen der Evaluationen konnten, mit Ausnahme weniger Studien,
positive Interventionseffekte bezüglich des wahrgenommenen Hörhandicaps, des
psychosozialen Wohlbefindens und der Kommunikation der
Interventionsteilnehmer*innen festgestellt werden.

Diskussion Die eingeschlossenen Studien wiesen eine starke Heterogenität
bezüglich der methodischen Qualität, der durchgeführten Intervention und des
Evaluationsdesigns auf. Eine Zusammenfassung der Befunde war deshalb nur
qualitativ möglich. Möglichkeiten der Anpassung bestehender
Interventionsprogramme sowie Chancen und Grenzen einer Implementierung im
deutschen Versorgungssystem sind im Weiteren zu diskutieren.

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt scheint es sich bei Interventionen zur
Unterstützung des Selbstmanagement um eine gewinnbringende Ergänzung zur
alleinigen technischen Geräteversorgung und -anpassung zu handeln, die auch im
deutschsprachigen Raum weiter forciert werden sollte.
Erkenntnisse aus der Durchführung des Masernschutz-Gesetzes nach den
ersten drei Jahren seit Einführung – Daten aus Darmstadt Dieburg
(Hessen)
Authors: Steul Katrin Simone , Fertig Regina , Heinrich Raphaela , Reisert Roswitha , Krahn Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Durch die Änderung des Infektionsschutzgesetzes im Sinne des
Masernschutzes vom 1. März 2020 wurden verschiedene Einrichtungsformen zur
Meldung ungeimpfter bzw. nicht-immuner Personen verpflichtet. Das Gesundheitsamt
der Stadt Darmstadt und des Landkreises Darmstadt Dieburg stellte sich die
Frage, wie die gesetzlichen Vorgaben durch die Einrichtungen umgesetzt wurden
und welche Aussagekraft die erhobenen Daten in Bezug auf die jeweilige
Zielgruppe hatten.

Methodik Die Meldungen aus den Einrichtungen und die Rückmeldung der
daraufhin durch das Gesundheitsamt angeschriebenen Betroffenen bzw. deren
Erziehungsberechtigten in den ersten drei Jahren seit Einführung wurden
gesichtet und deskriptiv ausgewertet. Die Datenbasis wurde unterteilt in die
Gruppen (1) betreut in einer Schule, (2) betreut in sonstiger
Kindergemeinschaftseinrichtung, (3) untergebracht in einer kommunalen Unterkunft
für Geflüchtete und (4) Beschäftigte in einer dieser oder in einer medizinischen
Einrichtung (§§23, 33, 36 Infektionsschutzgesetz, IfSG).

Ergebnisse Aus Schulen wurden 1527 Kinder (2,5% aller Schüler:innen) mit
unvollständiger bzw. unbekannter Immunität gegen Masern gemeldet. 70% davon
legten nach dem Anschreiben Unterlagen zur ausreichenden Immunität vor, so dass
auf weniger als 1% (0,76%) Kinder ohne Masernschutz geschlossen werden konnte.
Aus den sonstigen Kindergemeinschaftseinrichtungen wurden 17 Kinder mit
unvollständiger bzw. unbekannter Immunität gegen Masern gemeldet. Aus den
Unterkünften für Geflüchtete wurden insgesamt 3986 Personen gemeldet, wovon 566
(14,2%) nach Anschreiben einen vollständigen Nachweis vorlegten. Aus den
Einrichtungen nach §§23, 33 und 36 wurden insgesamt 17 Beschäftigte mit
unvollständiger bzw. unbekannter Masernimmunität gemeldet. Die Gesamtzahl der
beiden letztgenannten Gruppen in diesem Zeitraum konnte nicht sicher abgeschätzt
werden.

Schlussfolgerung Der Meldepflicht wurde sehr unterschiedlich nachgekommen.
Über den Impfstatus der verschiedenen Personengruppen konnte am ehesten, wenn
auch nur begrenzt, in Bezug auf die Schüler:innen eine Aussage getroffen werden.
Für die übrigen Gruppen konnte keine Aussage getroffen werden, da erstens nicht
sicher von einer umfänglichen Meldung durch die Einrichtungen ausgegangen werden
konnte und zweitens die Grundgesamtheit aller meldepflichtigen Personen in
diesen Bereichen nicht bekannt war.
Inventory of state workers’ compensation laws in the United States: first responder mental health
Authors: Brandt-Rauf Sherry , Davis Andrea L. , Taylor Jennifer A.
Published: July 2024

We conducted a comprehensive review of state workers’ compensation laws in the United States to evaluate the extent to which they support first responders with mental injury. Most state workers’ compensation systems divide mental injuries into categories based on their presumed etiology: physical-mental, mental-physical, and mental-mental. Major differences exist among states as to which workers are eligible. Proving workplace causation can be difficult where no traumatic physical injuries exist. Latency periods, time limits, preexisting health conditions, restrictions as to types of condition covered, and complex chains of causation may make this burden, which falls on the claimant, even more challenging. Only nine (9) states enacted presumption of causation laws for mental health conditions to ease claimants’ burden of proof. This contrasts starkly with presumption laws for chronic and infectious diseases. State decision-makers should create presumptions that mental health conditions in first responders are caused or significantly exacerbated by their stressful workplaces.
Constructing comparable intimate partner violence indicators across the DHS, MICS, and PMA health surveys
Authors: Kristiansen Devon , Luetke Maya , Gunther Matt , King Miriam , Bolgrien Anna , Munir Mehr
Published: July 2024

We construct comparable indicators that measure the prevalence of recent intimate partner violence (IPV) using publicly available, integrated microdata within the IPUMS data collections across many countries. The objective of this work is to increase opportunities for comparative research by leveraging vast quantities of harmonized data. We use consistent and comparable variables that measure domestic violence in international health surveys. The most consistent indicators of domestic violence measure physical, psychological, and sexual IPV in the last 12 months. We imposed a consistent reference period and restricted to a comparable subpopulation where these differed across surveys. Aggregating IPV variables across surveys, without careful attention to question wording and subpopulations, may produce inconsistent measures leading to bias, over- or under-estimation of IPV prevalence, or spurious trends and associations. Using comparable indicators in microdata and studying the level, distribution, and covariates of IPV in multiple settings over time, we can better understand these phenomena and identify effective policy interventions.
Assessing the extent and persistence of major crisis events in the crude oil market and economy: evidence from the past 30 years
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Yi , Jiao Jianbin , Wang Shouyang
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the extent and persistence of major crisis events in the crude oil market and economy and searches for general rules of event impact. Although the short-term effects of such crises may quickly become evident, their long-term implications can be challenging to uncover. To this end, we analyzed 50 major crisis events across four categories using a Proxy structural vector autoregressive (Proxy-SVAR) model. The results show that these events substantially impacted crude oil production, world crude oil prices, and inflation in China and the United States. Generally speaking, major crisis events have a more severe impact on the crude oil market, but their impact on the economy lasts longer. Notably, geopolitical conflicts have led to a sharp decline in S&P500, resulting in a simultaneous reduction in the industrial production indices of the world, China, and the US. Among the different types of crises, the financial crisis had the most prolonged impact, persisting for approximately four years. The public health emergency represented by COVID-19 resulted in a decline in actual oil prices, with its impact on the oil market continuing for over three years. Considering our findings, we suggest four policy measures to enhance economic resilience.
Insidious racism and institutional constraints: evidence from national and local case studies in the United States
Authors: Roberson Kendrick B.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in educational and institutional strategies to limit or eradicate contemporary forms of racism in the United States. They have generally accepted that most people in the modern-day United States do not actually want to be racist, but the various legacies of oppression live on through American institutions, promote unconscious biases, and manifest in unintentionally racist behaviors. However, previous research has largely overlooked the interactive relationship specifically between insidious racists, and the institutions meant to limit and punish their intentional behavior. Insidious racists are conscious of their racist beliefs, they engage in intentional acts of racism, and yet, they hold value in not being deemed racist by American society. In this article I develop a framework of the varying institutional constraints associated with addressing insidious racism. I then deploy this framework on national and local case studies to highlight the contribution of this work. The national case study analyzes the institutional constraints that allowed for loan officers to engage in racist actions leading up to the Great Recession. The local case study analyzes institutional constraints that led to the deviant behavior and racist redistricting efforts coordinated by members of the Los Angeles City Council. Taken together, I show that institutional design and administrator ideologies determine the levels of insidious racism prevalent in a given institution.
Comparative study of cesium halide (CsX, X = I, Cl, Br) modifications on defect passivation in tin-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Yu , He Linfeng , Chen Xinyao , Zhang Chunqian , Cheng Jin , Li Junming
Published: July 2024

Tin-based perovskite solar cells are expected to replace lead-based perovskite solar cells to achieve environmentally friendly devices. Currently, a significant challenge lies in low filling factor and short-circuit current density, leading to an overall lower efficiency of these cells. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive comparative study on the deposition of these three inorganic small-molecule materials (CsBr, CsCl, CsI) on tin-based perovskite layers. The results showed that depositing these three inorganic small-molecule materials (CsBr, CsCl, CsI) on tin-based perovskite layers can improve the topography of the thin film and display an increased grain size. Simultaneously, the presence of the passivation layer facilitates preferred crystal orientation and enhanced charge carrier transport capabilities. Furthermore, devices with passivation layers exhibit reduced series resistance and increased shunt resistance, leading to a higher filling factor, a higher short-circuit current density, and a reduced leakage current in the passivated devices. This results in an elevated overall conversion efficiency of the devices. Notably, among the three halide materials employed for passivation, CsI demonstrates the most effective passivation, with the champion device achieving an efficiency of 6.0%. This study contributes valuable insights into the passivation strategies for tin-based perovskite solar cells.
Numerical virtual flight investigation for longitudinal maneuver of a generic fighter based on machine learning
Authors: Yan Lang , Chang Xinghua , Wang Nianhua , Zhang Laiping , Liu Wei , Deng Xiaogang
Published: July 2024

Coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rigid body dynamics (RBD), and flight control system, the numerical virtual flight (NVF) technology can simulate the maneuvering flight process of an air vehicle under control. In this paper, the NVF investigation of longitudinal maneuvers with elevator and thrust vector control is performed for a generic fighter configuration. The rigid dynamic hybrid grid method is taken to realize the motion of the fighter, and the overlapping moving grid technology meets the deflection of the elevator. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations in arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian form are coupled with the RBD equations to solve aerodynamics and kinematics problems, while flight control is achieved through an advanced machine learning method. First, the fighter is forced to pitch with the periodic deflection of the elevator, and the unsteady computation is carried out to obtain aerodynamic data. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) is adopted for aerodynamic identification and modeling, which involves establishing a model between the aerodynamic coefficient and pitching motion parameters. Afterward, the ANN-based NVF is implemented on the basis of the established model and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is used to design the pitching control law of the fighter. The NVF results based on ANN show that the fighter has a good control effect under the action of the elevator, elevator with open-loop thrust vector, and elevator with closed-loop thrust vector, respectively, as well as the results from the CFD-based NVF system. Finally, the three-degree-of-freedom NVF based on CFD also indicates that the control law designed through DRL has good generalization characteristics. This study demonstrates the potential prospects of machine learning methods in the design and research for a novel generation of air vehicles.
Impact of inert electrode on the volatility and non-volatility switching behavior of SiO2-based conductive bridge random access memory devices
Authors: Tsioustas C. , Bousoulas P. , Kleitsiotis G. , Mantas S. D. , Tsoukalas D.
Published: July 2024

The development of disruptive artificial neural networks (ANNs) endowed with brain-inspired neuromorphic capabilities is emerging as a promising solution to deal with the challenges of the artificial intelligence era. The fabrication of robust and accurate ANNs is strongly associated with the design of new electronic devices. The intriguing properties of memristors render them suitable as building blocks within ANNs. However, the impact of the operating electrodes on the dynamics of the switching process and the relaxation effect remains elusive. It is, thus, apparent that a deep understanding of the underlying electrochemical metallization mechanism that affects the formation of the conductive filament is of great importance. Along these lines, in this work, the impact of various materials as inert electrodes (Pt NPs, ITO, n++ Si, TiN, and W) on tuning the switching mode of low power SiO2-based conductive bridge random access memory devices was systematically investigated. A comprehensive model was applied to interpret the threshold and bipolar switching patterns and shed light on the respective physical mechanisms. The model incorporated the different coefficients of thermal conductivity of the various materials and attempted to associate them with the Soret coefficient and the activation energy of thermophoresis to interpret the experimental outcomes. Our work provides valuable insight for the realization of memristive devices with tunable properties, which can be directly leveraged for implementing a variety of neuromorphic functionalities, such as synaptic plasticity and spike generation.
An atomic force microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy correlated system (AFM–TIRF) for fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of a single particle
Authors: Cao Xiumian , Wang Wenquan , Jiang Yuanfei , Feng Wei , Xu Shuping , Xu Weiqing , Zhang Wenke
Published: July 2024

Combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) with other optical microscopic techniques is pivotal in nanoscale investigations, particularly leveraging the surface-sensitive properties of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF). A novel design that integrates AFM with a multi-wavelength TIRF is displayed, providing simultaneous fluorescence imaging and spectral acquisition capabilities. We elaborate on the considerations in the instrument design process and demonstrate the performance and potential applications of the instrument through fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy testing of individual nanoparticles. This AFM and TIRF correlated system (AFM–TIRF) emerges as a promising option for single-molecule fluorescence studies, enabling simultaneous manipulation and detection of fluorescence from individual molecules.
Domain wall and magnetic tunnel junction hybrid for on-chip learning in UNet architecture
Authors: Vadde Venkatesh , Muralidharan Bhaskaran , Sharma Abhishek
Published: July 2024

We present a spintronic device based hardware implementation of UNet for segmentation tasks. Our approach involves designing hardware for convolution, deconvolution, rectified activation function (ReLU), and max pooling layers of the UNet architecture. We designed the convolution and deconvolution layers of the network using the synaptic behavior of the domain wall MTJ. We also construct the ReLU and max pooling functions of the network utilizing the spin hall driven orthogonal current injected MTJ. To incorporate the diverse physics of spin-transport, magnetization dynamics, and CMOS elements in our UNet design, we employ a hybrid simulation setup that couples micromagnetic simulation, non-equilibrium Green’s function, and SPICE simulation along with network implementation. We evaluate our UNet design on the CamVid dataset and achieve segmentation accuracies of 83.71% on test data, on par with the software implementation with 821 mJ of energy consumption for on-chip training over 150 epochs. We further demonstrate nearly one order of magnitude (10×) improvement in the energy requirement of the network using unstable ferromagnet (Δ = 4.58) over the stable ferromagnet (Δ = 45) based ReLU and max pooling functions while maintaining similar accuracy. The hybrid architecture comprising domain wall MTJ and unstable FM-based MTJ leads to an on-chip energy consumption of 85.79 mJ during training, with a testing energy cost of 1.55 µJ.