bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Q-switched pulse generation with an electro-deposited MoS2 film
Authors: Hong Lee Lian , Diblawe Abdulkadir Mukhtar , Rosol Ahmad Haziq Aiman , Tiu Zian Cheak , Arof Hamzah , Harun Sulaiman Wadi
Published: August 2024

We demonstrated a Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) utilizing a new saturable absorber based on a MoS2 film grown on an ITO substrate via an electrodeposition process. The film was then added to an EDFL resonator to modulate the cavity loss, resulting in a Q-switched laser at 1559.4 nm with a minimum pulse duration of 4.75 μs and a maximum pulse rate of 89.9 kHz. The fundamental frequency signal-to-noise ratio was recorded at 62.28 dB, indicating the stability of the laser. This finding reveals the potential of the needle-like structure of MoS2 as a low-cost, practical, and effective saturable absorber.
QSPR analysis of drugs used for treatment of hepatitis via reduced reverse degree-based topological descriptors
Authors: Ravi Vignesh
Published: August 2024

Topological indices refer to numerical values that are structure-invariant and are used to quantify the bonding topology of a molecular graph. The primary objective of studying topological indices is to acquire and modify chemical structure data, thereby establishing a mathematical correlation between structures and physico-chemical properties, bio-activities, and other experimental attributes. Several studies show a high intrinsic correlation between the molecular architectures of pharmaceuticals and their boiling and melting temperatures, as well as other chemical properties. Researchers can discover more about the physical characteristics, chemical stability, and bioactivities of these chemical molecular structures by using topological indices. To compensate for the lack of chemical experiments and to give a theoretical foundation for the production of pharmaceuticals and chemical materials, topological indices on the molecular structure of chemicals/drugs are studied. This study evaluates the chemical structures of medications used to treat hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E and G) based on reduced reverse degree-based topological indices. The success of drug design is influenced by factors such as solubility, metabolic stability, toxicity, permeability, and transporter effects, which are contingent upon the physical and chemical characteristics of the medication. In recent times, computational techniques have gained prominence in the field of hepatitis medication discovery and development. Machine learning is employed by certain systems to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of medications. The primary focus of this article is to examine the chemical applicability of ten reduced reverse degree-based descriptors in predicting the ten physico-chemical properties for the 16 drugs employed in the treatment of hepatitis.
Optimized data management with color multiplexing in QR codes
Authors: Ignacio-Cerrato Sara , Pacios David , Miguel Ezquerro Rodriguez José , Luis Vázquez-Poletti José , Estefanía Avilés Mariño María , Stavrakakis Konstantinos , Di Iorio Alessio , Schetakis Nikolaos
Published: August 2024

This study integrates colorimetry and computation by identifying their commonalities to develop a novel encryption system centered around color, specifically using QR codes. We propose an approach that multiplexes QR codes of varying colors, each containing distinct information. A key is generated to encapsulate user-specific data and identify the QR code with authentic information. We develop serverless architectures to facilitate rapid encryption and decryption processes. The system’s performance and efficiency are evaluated through two architectures: a sequential system implemented on Google Colab and a distributed system utilizing AWS Lambda serverless architecture. Metrics such as NPCR (Number of Pixels Change Rate), UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity) and key space analysis, indicative of the system’s robustness, are analyzed according to existing literature. In addition, the cost of this serverless technology is evaluated in comparison to cloud and local. Our findings demonstrate that the serverless architecture offers a viable and efficient solution for coding. The implications of this research extend across various sectors, including defense, healthcare, and everyday digital interactions, presenting a scalable and secure alternative for data encryption and communication.
Anomalous dynamic performance in heterogeneous Ga2O3-on-SiC MOSFETs fabricated using ion-implantation cutting process
Authors: Liu Chen-Yu , Wang Yi-Bo , Jia Xiao-Le , Xu Wen-Hui , Huang Shu-Qi , Yu Chun-Xiao , Yang Ze-Yu , Li Xiao-Xi , Li Bo-Chang , Luo Zheng-Dong , Fang Ci-Zhe , Liu Yan , You Tian-Gui , Ou Xin , Hao Yue , Han Gen-Quan
Published: August 2024

We present the first investigation into the dynamic characteristics of heterogeneous Ga2O3-on-SiC (GaOSiC) MOSFETs fabricated using an ion implantation process. A noteworthy aspect of this study is the intriguing impact of performance optimization behavior within the Ga2O3 layer under the quiescent drain voltage (V
D-qb) stress. In contrast to the typical electron trapping-induced current collapse, the GaOSiC MOSFET exhibited an unexpected enhancement in current under specific V
D-qb, which may be attributed to the residual hydrogen (H) induced by the ion-cutting process. By employing dynamic I-V testing, we observed conventional current collapse over a range of durations, spanning from microseconds (μs) to milliseconds (ms), under V
D-qb stress. Nevertheless, as the duration of the V
D-qb stress was extended to tens of milliseconds, an anomalous reduction in dynamic R
ON was observed. We attribute this anomalous behavior to the configuration transition of H-related defects induced by the V
D-qb stress, leading to an increased carrier concentration (n
e) in Ga2O3. This performance enhancement behavior exhibits a significantly longer time constant when compared to the electron trapping process that typically leads to conventional current collapse. The activation energy (E
a) for electron trapping in the devices subjected to milliseconds of V
D-qb stress corresponding to the conventional current collapse behavior is determined to be 0.7 eV. Furthermore, we found that, at room temperature, electron trapping predominantly occurs within the first few milliseconds of V
D-qb stress. However, at elevated temperatures, the electron trapping process extends over several tens of seconds (equivalent to thousands of V
D-qb periods), continuously degrading dynamic R
ON. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the dynamic performance of heterogeneous GaOSiC MOSFETs.
First-principles studies on the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of K2TiBr6 under high pressure
Authors: Shang Chenhao , Geng Zhixiang , Chen Shimin , Chen Limin , Yang Cheng , Wei Chao , Liu Chunsheng , Xie Qiyun
Published: August 2024

Based on first-principles calculations, the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of K2TiBr6, an ordered double perovskite with numerous titanium base positions, are investigated under pressure conditions from 0 to 150 GPa. This research seeks to thoroughly study the changes in physical properties caused by pressure and evaluate the applicability of the compound in optoelectronic applications. The structural characteristic fits well with published earlier research. A higher interaction between atoms is also a result of the significant drop in lattice characteristics. From the analysis of elastic constants, the material has mechanical stability and good toughness when pressurized. The band structure demonstrates that K2TiBr6 is a direct band gap semiconductor with 1.749 eV at 0 GPa. The band gap decreases with increasing pressure until 110 GPa. After 110 GPa, it remains at 0 eV, indicating that the material undergoes a phase transition and becomes the conductor. Meanwhile, we also investigate the optical properties of K2TiBr6 by calculating the dielectric function ε(ω), absorption coefficient α(ω), reflectance R(ω), energy loss spectrum L(ω), and complex refractive index N(ω), respectively. Those spectra are sensitive to pressure. Generally, the low-energy peaks are red-shifted, and the high-energy peaks are blue-shifted. In particular, the pressure increases the absorption of the material at UV and reduces the energy loss in the visible light range. In summary, this work highlights that K2TiBr6 may have potential applications in ultraviolet devices and energy-conversion optoelectronic devices.
Significance of wire mesh reinforcement on carbon and glass fiber composite – a review
Authors: A Venkat Ramanan , G Rajamurugan
Published: August 2024

A recent advancement in composite materials involves integrating wire mesh with glass and carbon fibers, with the goal of significantly enhancing mechanical characteristics and machining efficiency. The article offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in material performance, surface treatments, and machining parameters, while examining the synergistic impacts of incorporating wire mesh into carbon and glass fiber-reinforced composites. Significant attention is given to the effects of wire mesh on tensile strength and flexural characteristics, as well as optimizing surface treatments to improve interfacial bonding and durability. Moreover, the paper discusses challenges and advancements in drilling and machining these hybrid composites, focusing specifically on parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and tool wear. Machining performance is evaluated using metrics such as surface roughness, delamination, and tool lifespan, accompanied by a detailed analysis of how wire mesh architecture influences composite behavior under various machining conditions. The ultimate objective of this synthesis is to establish a stage for the development of next-generation composites with improved mechanical characteristics and machining capabilities, which can successfully satisfy changing needs in structural, automotive, and aerospace applications.
Reply to Comment on ‘Reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in a magnetic field: the energy-momentum balance including the velocity field of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions’
Authors: Koizumi Hiroyasu
Published: August 2024

Nikulov commented that the latent heat is not included in our paper (2024 Physica Scripta 99 015952); it is included although we did not use it. His comment is based on the Helmholtz free energy with controlling variables T and B (T is the temperature of the sample and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field B); however, the relevant energy is the Gibbs free energy in the experimental situation where controlling variables are T and H (H is the magnitude of the applied magnetic field H); and our paper is based on it. His idea of the latent heat is not correct; it arises from the discontinuity of the derivative on the free energy with respect to temperature at the phase transition point, and related to the difference of entropies in the superconducting and normal phases; our theory includes it, although we did not use it. The Joule heating problem is actually the lack of the mechanism in the standard theory that enables reversible disappearance of the supercurrent during the superconducting to normal phase transition in a magnetic field. A new theory put forward by us has it; besides, it preserves the major results of the BCS theory. It may be a theory encompasses the BCS one.
A new four-valued memristive hyperchaotic system with hidden attractors and multistability
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yu Tingting , Zhu Fengjuan , Fang Yuxiang , Li Xianli
Published: August 2024

A four-valued memristor is designed based on the memristor model and introduced into a three-dimensional chaotic system to construct a four-dimensional four-valued memristive chaotic system, and its dynamics are investigated and discussed. The properties of the system such as phase diagrams, Poincaré map, dissipation, equilibrium points stability, Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov dimensions, dynamical complexity, offset boosting, inversion properties, and attractor coexistence are investigated. The system is found to have infinitely many equilibrium points with hidden attractors, and has higher dimensionality, and complexity than the original system. As the parameters change, the new system transitions from a quasi-periodic state to a chaotic state to a hyperchaotic state and finally back to a quasi-periodic state through a reverse period-doubling bifurcation. The complexity of the system is verified using the

C

0

algorithm and the spectral entropy algorithm. The offset boosting control of the system can be realized by adding parameters to the system. The system also has phase reversal characteristics of a single parameter control system attractor, and there are multiple types of attractors coexisting with changes in the system parameters at different initial values. In addition, when the parameters of the system are fixed, the existence of exterme multistability based on the initial value of

w

0

the memristor is found. Finally, the feasibility of the design and the correctness of the analysis are verified by simulated circuits. Therefore, the system is highly complex and can be applied in the fields of image encryption and confidential communication.
Terahertz field generation in a self-sustained magnetic laser-plasma channel
Authors: Gurjar Mukesh Chand , Gupta Devki Nandan
Published: August 2024

We theoretically investigate the terahertz field excitation from a laser-driven self-sustained magnetized plasma channel. The expulsion of plasma electrons by the laser ponderomotive force modifies the plasma density, which self-focuses the laser pulse. For the optimized laser parameters, the laser propagates without diverging in plasma and a plasma channel is created. The magnetic field applied along the laser propagation enhances the channel formation efficiency. We utilize this magnetic plasma channel to excite the transverse radiation field by the self-focused laser via wakefield excitation. The magnetic plasma channel maintains the laser intensity over a larger propagation distance, exciting wakefields efficiently. The second order perturbation technique is applied to calculate the wakefield components excited by the laser pulse in a self-sustained magnetic plasma channel. The density perturbation associated with the low-frequency ponderomotive force derives the transverse nonlinear current at terahertz frequency. Our results show that the magnetic field plasma channel can significantly enhance the terahertz conversion efficiency. The tunable terahertz radiation fields of 20 THz frequency with about 10 GV/m may be obtained using one Tesla magnetic field. The efficiency of the process may be optimized and controlled by the laser and plasma parameters. These high-field THz may be useful in various applications such as ultra-fast technology.
Bright soliton dynamics for resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with generalized cubic–quintic nonlinearity
Authors: Bao 鲍 Keyu 柯宇 , Tang 唐 Xiaogang 晓刚 , Wang 王 Ying 颖
Published: August 2024

For systems modeled by the resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation (RNLSE) with generalized cubic–quintic nonlinearity, we derive the bright soliton solution of the equation in (1+1) dimensions, using the modified F-expansion method along with the novel ansatz of F-base function. Furthermore, we extend the analytical study of soliton dynamics to higher (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions by using the self-similar method, and demonstrate the soliton behavior via graphical illustration. Moreover, we investigate the effect of the resonance term on bright soliton solution in (1+1) dimensions. Additionally, we consider the nonlinear equation models with perturbation terms and derive the bright soliton solutions for the one-dimensional (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) cases. The theoretical results derived can be used to guide the experimental studies and observations of bright solitons in systems described by RNLSE model.
Reduction of turbulence by enhanced low-frequency zonal flow-like structures in HL-2A edge plasmas
Authors: Chen X. , Cheng J. , Xu Y. , Yan L.W. , Zou Q. , Huang Z.H. , Chen J. , Liu L. , Wang W.C. , Zhang W. , Wu N. , Dong C.F. , Shi Z.B. , Ji X.Q. , Zhong W.L.
Published: August 2024

A low-frequency zonal flow-like (LFZF-like) structure peaking at f ≈ 2.0 kHz has been observed in HL-2A ohmically heated deuterium plasmas using a combined Langmuir probe array. This time-varying potential structure, which has axisymmetric characteristics (n = 0) and a finite radial correlation length (less than 1 cm), was identified to be generated by the three-wave interaction in small-scale turbulence. The results illustrate that the amplitude of the LFZF-like structure dramatically increases with the influence of impurity ions, which is mainly due to the increased strength in the nonlinear energy transfer by the turbulence vortex symmetry-breaking process. Consequently, the enhanced LFZF-like structure has the ability to stabilize the local turbulence via the shearing decorrelation mechanism as demonstrated in this experiment. The observed results given here reveal the essential role played by the LFZF-like structure in the reduction of turbulence levels, which could advance our understanding of the multi-scale physics governing turbulence and the resulting transport in magnetically confined plasmas.
Boundary symmetry breaking of flocking systems
Authors: Lenzini Leonardo , Fava Giuseppe , Ginelli Francesco
Published: August 2024

We consider a flocking system confined transversally between two infinite reflecting parallel walls separated by a distance

L
⊥

. Infinite or periodic boundary conditions are assumed longitudinally to the direction of collective motion, defining a ring geometry typical of experimental realizations with flocking active colloids. Such a confinement selects a flocking state with its mean direction aligned parallel to the wall, thus breaking explicitly the rotational symmetry locally by a boundary effect. Finite size scaling analysis and numerical simulations show that confinement induces an effective mass term

M
c

∼

L
⊥

−
ζ

(with positive ζ being equal to the dynamical scaling exponent of the free theory) suppressing scale free correlations at small wave-numbers. However, due to the finite system size in the transversal direction, this effect can only be detected for large enough longitudinal system sizes (i.e. narrow ring geometries). Furthermore, in the longitudinal direction, density correlations are characterized by an anomalous effective mass term. The effective mass term also enhances the global scalar order parameter and suppresses fluctuations of the mean flocking direction. These results suggest an equivalence between transversal confinement and driving by an homogeneous external field, which breaks the rotational symmetry at the global level.
Numerical simulation of helicopter rotor blade vertical pendulum absorbers
Authors: Hu Wei , Li Shu , Yang Minghao , Ding Mingye , Yu Yang
Published: August 2024

Vibration is a very common phenomenon in helicopter flight, and its main source is the combined excitation force on the paddles as they rotate. In order to attenuate this harmful phenomenon, helicopter paddles are usually fitted with vibration absorbers. The helicopter rotor blade root single pendulum vibration absorber is a typical passive control type dynamic vibration absorber, which has a better vibration absorbing function, but also has certain difficulties in dynamics analysis. In this paper, a linearized dynamics analysis of the single pendulum vibration absorber is carried out, and a dynamics model of the paddle root single pendulum vibration absorber coupled with the paddle blade is established; a typical helicopter rotor system model is constructed by using Matlab, and further modeling and simulation comparisons are carried out by using ADAMS. According to the results of simulation and analysis, the unidirectional vibration level of the rotor hub can be reduced by 85% after the paddle root single pendulum absorber is installed, and the error with the theoretical analysis results is small, which has a better effect and application prospect.
Design and simulation of the fuzzy PID control system for PMSM
Authors: Qiu Jingzhi
Published: August 2024

Conventional PID-based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control has problems such as long regulation time, large overshoot, and poor adaptability. Therefore, a closed-loop SVPWM control system based on FLC and PID is usedin this paper. The system can improve both the speed and significantly reduce the amount of overshooting. The two inputs to the FLC are the rotation speed error and the rate of change of error for the rotor or spindle. The fuzzy controller performs inference and defuzzification according to the MF and fuzzy rules. This logic algorithm finally outputs a signal to achieve FLC control. A Fuzzy PID-based PMSM Closed-loop SVPWM Control System is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. In the simulation experiment, after comparing and analyzing with the traditional PID control under different working conditions, the following conclusions are obtained: the PMSM controller based on FLC and PID has the following strengths: fast reaction, negligible overshoot, and greater resilience to change compared to the conventional PID algorithm.
Matching Parameters for Vapor Deposition Process of Parylene C
Authors: Xiaogang Tong , Qiangqiang Liu , Xianguang Zeng , Yuting Chen
Published: August 2024

DSC and DTG curves of Parylene C were determined by 5K/min, 10K/min, 15K/min, and 20K/min heating rates. The optimal sublimation temperature, cleavage temperature, polymerization temperation and pressure were obtained via DSC/DTG curves, thermodynamic theory and quantum chemical theory. It was constructed that are the dimer sublimation, cleavage and polymerization models. The process parameters were matched for Parylene C through the sublimation, cleavage and polymerization rate computing. Subsequently, the experiments were conducted to prove it. The result shows that the efficiency of film formation has significantly raised, such as the film formation rate increasing by 57%, and the film formation time was reduced by more than 50%; The film purity was lowerd accordingly, the film quantity was significantly raised.
A generalised entropic measure of steering using Tsallis entropies and the relationship with existent steering criteria
Authors: Piceno-Martínez A Elena , Rosales-Zárate Laura E C
Published: August 2024

EPR steering is an asymmetric quantum correlation, as such, it is an important resource for quantum information protocols, like those used in quantum key distribution that are of tremendous relevance nowadays. The security of the aforementioned protocols can be shown by using entropic uncertainty measures, which are based on quantum information quantities, among which the entropies are found. In this work, we propose an entropic measure of steering, starting from the detection of steering given in a previous entropic uncertainty relation-based criterion, as well as using a generalised entropy, the Tsallis entropies. We define the entropic measure of steering in terms of an indicator, a quantity depending on the entropies of the measurements of the system, which assigns a value to the steering content of quantum states, while also comprising the asymmetry property of steering. We investigate the properties of the proposed quantity as a measure of steering and its asymmetry and show how it can be used for specific examples. For instance, a class of noisy two-qubit states that includes the Werner states is used to demonstrate the potential of such a proposal. Furthermore, a comparison is also made with the detection of steering in these states using existing steering criteria and the amount of steering a geometric measure for the Werner state gives.
Adapting Critical Time Intervention for Residential Substance Use Treatment
Authors: Manuel Jennifer I , Israel Khadija , Yuan Yeqing , Esquivel Laura I , Curran Laura , Herman Daniel B
Published: August 2024

Residential detoxification programs and other forms of intensive treatment for substance misuse problems are often followed by failure to successfully engage with follow-up services and supports, leading to frequent relapse. These problems are exacerbated among persons with dual diagnoses of substance use and mental health disorders due to the challenges inherent in navigating sequential or parallel mental health and substance abuse services. Although several linkage interventions have been developed specifically for substance abuse residential treatment programs, their efficacy has been limited. This chapter describes a pilot effort that tested Critical Time Intervention (CTI) as a strategy to help enhance continuity of support for persons with substance use problems following residential treatment for substance misuse problems. Preliminary findings indicate that CTI contributed to an improved likelihood of receiving post-discharge treatment, suggesting that it is a potentially useful model to provide re-entry services for persons transitioning from residential substance use treatment.
Process evaluation of a New psychosocial goal-setting and manualised support intervention for Independence in Dementia (NIDUS-Family)
Authors: Wyman Danielle , Butler Laurie T , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Bright Peter , Barber Julie , Budgett Jessica , Walters Kate , Lang Iain , Rapaport Penny , Banks Sara , Palomo Marina , Orgeta Vasiliki , Livingston Gill , Rockwood Kenneth , Lord Kathryn , Manthorpe Jill , Dow Briony , Hoe Juanita , Cooper Claudia
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We report a mixed-methods process evaluation embedded within a randomised controlled trial. We aimed to test and refine a theory of change model hypothesising key causal assumptions to understand how the New Interventions for Independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS)-Family (a manualised, multimodal psychosocial intervention), was effective relative to usual care, on the primary outcome of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) over 1 year.

Methods

In 2021–2022, intervention-arm dyads completed an acceptability questionnaire developed to test causal assumptions. We conducted qualitative interviews with dyads and intervention facilitators, purposively selected for diverse follow-up GAS scores. We collected observational data from intervention session recordings. We thematically analysed data, then integrated qualitative and quantitative data.

Results

174/204 (85.3%) dyads allocated to NIDUS-Family, fully completed it, 18 partially completed, while 12 received no intervention. We interviewed 27/192 (14%) of dyads receiving any sessions, and 9/10 facilitators; and observed 12 sessions. 47/192 (24.5%) of carers completed the acceptability questionnaire. We identified four themes: (A) ‘Someone to talk to helps dyads feel supported’; (B) ‘NIDUS-Family helps carers change their perspective’; (C) ‘Personalisation helps people living with dementia maintain their identity’ and (D) ‘Small steps help dyads move forward’.

Conclusion

Key causal pathway mechanisms were: a respectful, trusting and impartial relationship with the facilitator: supporting the development of meaningful goals and support to find manageable solutions. Core implementation factors were delivery of the modules from a consistent facilitator across regular sessions. Core contextual factors influencing these mechanisms were dyadic participation and understanding of abilities.
Impact of quitline services on tobacco cessation: an application of modern epidemiologic methods
Authors: Sedani Ami E , Frank-Pearce Summer G , Chen Sixia , Peck Jennifer D , Campbell Janis E , Chou Ann F , Beebe Laura A
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of quitline service intensity (high vs low) on past 30-day tobacco abstinence at 7-months’ follow-up, using observational data from the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OTH) between April 2020 and December 2021. To assess the impact of loss to follow-up and nonrandom treatment assignment, we fit the parameters of a marginal structural model to estimate inverse probability weights for censoring (IPCW), treatment (IPTW), and combined (IPCTW). The risk ratio (RR) was estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimator. Of the 4695 individuals included in the study, 64% received high-intensity cessation services, and 53% were lost to follow-up. Using the conventional complete case analysis (responders only), high-intensity cessation services were associated with abstinence (RR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.34). The effect estimate was attenuated after accounting for censoring (RR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.30). After adjusting for both baseline confounding and selection bias via IPTCW, high-intensity cessation services were associated with 1.23 times (95% CI, 1.08-1.41) the probability of abstinence compared to low-intensity services. Despite relatively high loss to follow-up, accounting for selection bias and confounding did not notably impact quit rates or the relationship between intensity of quitline services and tobacco cessation among OTH participants.
Ovarian Cancer Risk Prediction – a Clinical Epidemiology Perspective
Authors: Wentzensen Nicolas , Ring Kari , Erickson Britt K , Reid Brett , O’Donnell Thomas , Check David , Tworoger Shelley S , Choudhury Parichoy Pal
Published: August 2024

Ovarian cancer is a rare and highly heterogeneous disease usually detected at late stages when outcomes are poor. Population-based screening approaches have not been successful at reducing ovarian cancer mortality, but preventive bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is highly effective at preventing ovarian cancer in high-risk populations. Ovarian cancer risk prediction models may allow identification of populations at increased risk of ovarian cancer for preventive interventions or targeted early detection. We propose a life-course approach to ovarian cancer risk prediction based on the time at which a risk model should be applied and the risk factors that are available. The discriminative ability of ovarian cancer risk prediction models published so far is limited, with areas under the curve ranging from 0.58-0.65 for different combinations of risk factors and genetic susceptibility markers. Currently proposed absolute risk thresholds for preventive surgery are around 4% lifetime risk. The absolute risk predicted by ovarian cancer risk models ranges from 0.6-2.5% lifetime risk in the general population, highlighting the need to improve ovarian cancer risk prediction models and evaluating new preventive approaches that can be offered to individuals at lower risk.
Difference in precocious puberty between pre–COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods: a meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nam Nhat , Do Tri Dang , Truong Hieu Hong , Mai Anh Nam , Chen Yang-Ching
Published: August 2024

We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the trend of precocious puberty (PP) incidence after the COVID-19 outbreak and explore potential contributing factors, such as age at presentation and body mass index (BMI) SD score (SDS). Children visiting pediatric endocrinology clinics for the first time for suspected PP were included. We searched databases until February 28, 2023, for studies reporting various indicators of PP incidence before and during the pandemic. Total numbers of events and observations were recorded. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the odds of PP, BMI SDS, and age at presentation between the 2 periods. The dose-response relationships between time points (by number of years away from the pandemic) and PP risk were explored. In summary, a total of 32 studies including 24 200 participants were recruited. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with the increasing odds of PP among children referred for a suspicious condition (odds ratio = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.56-2.47; I  2 = 54%; P < .001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. The BMI SDS did not vary between the 2 periods, whereas age at presentation was lower after the pandemic. Precocious puberty incidence increased more rapidly during the pandemic period than during the prepandemic period. Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; identifier: CRD42023402212)
Prevalence of work hour alcohol use and associated factors among psychiatrists in China
Authors: Jiang Licong , McCord Elizabeth , Liu Huanzhong , Liu Yuanli , Jiang Feng , Tang Yi-Lang
Published: August 2024

Background

Since 2012, work-hour alcohol use (WHAU) has been prohibited in China. However, there is a lack of national data on WHAU among healthcare workers, including psychiatrists.

Methods

We collected data from psychiatrists in 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals using an online questionnaire, which included demographics, work-related factors, WHAU, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C).

Results

Out of 2911 psychiatrists who completed the survey, 4.29% reported having heard (3.13%) or witnessed (1.17%) WHAU among colleagues, and .51% (95% CI: .26%–.78%) admitted to their own WHAU. Most participants (95.57%) reported awareness of the policy against WHAU. Poisson regression demonstrated the unawareness of WHAU policy (incidence-rate ratios [IRR] 11.08; 95% CI: 3.56–34.52; P < .001), lower income (IRR .87; 95% CI: .79–0.96; P = .008), and higher AUDIT-C scores (IRR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.22–1.80; P < .001) were significantly associated with WHAU occurrences.

Conclusions

The survey indicates that WHAU among psychiatrists is more prevalent than expected, correlating with insufficient awareness of hospital policies. This suggests a need for targeted educational interventions.
Lip Augmentation With Saypha LIPS Lidocaine: A Postmarket, Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Study To Evaluate Its Efficacy and Short- and Long-term Safety
Authors: Müller Daniel S , Grablowitz Doris , Krames-Juerss Alice , Worseg Artur
Published: August 2024

Background

Versatility, biocompatibility, and reversibility make hyaluronic acid fillers the backbone of minimally invasive lip augmentation procedures.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and short- and long-term safety of Saypha LIPS Lidocaine (Croma Pharma, Leobendorf, Austria) for lip augmentation to correct moderate to severe lip volume deficiency (grade 1-3 lip fullness score [LFS]).

Methods

In this postmarket, prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical study, 114 patients were initially treated (with optional touch-up treatment at Week 3). Retrograde and bolus techniques were employed with defined needles or cannula. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the proportion of patients with lip volume improvement of LFS ≥ 1 grade vs baseline at Week 6 (ie, responders); with follow-up (FU) for secondary effectiveness at Months 6, 12, and 18. Evaluation scores included the LFS, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (investigator and patient), patient satisfaction questionnaire FACE-Q, and a numerical pain rating scale.

Results

At Week 6, >90% of the patients were responders (lower-lip: 95% CI, 92.24-99.43, P = .0071; upper-lip: 95% CI, 90.95-99.00, P = .0234), with post hoc analyses showing the outcome was influenced by the initial volume deficiency and total volume injected, but not by touch-up treatment. At Month 6, 90% of the patients were responders; at Month 12, 70%; and at Month 18, >40% still had a visible effect. Adverse events were mostly procedural, mild, and temporary. Pain perception was significantly reduced 15 minutes after the procedure. Aesthetic improvement and patient satisfaction were rated as high at all time points.

Conclusions

Saypha LIPS Lidocaine for lip augmentation showed long-term aesthetic improvement and safety.

Level of Evidence: 2
Modern Slavery, Victim Identification and the ‘Victimized State’
Authors: Findlay Joshua
Published: August 2024

Resistance to entering the UK government’s modern slavery victim identification mechanism is widespread and part of normal practices of state evasion that shape the lives of large numbers of insufficiently documented people. This article provides evidence of the role practitioners play in producing referrals into that mechanism in spite of such resistance and in spite of the harms caused by the identification mechanism itself, which is integrated into the immigration system. Though referrals are driven by practitioners, those entering the mechanism are said to be ‘abusing’ the system. This dynamic is considered in relation to a common trend of the liberal state, in which state practices are externalized onto others, while it claims to itself be the victim of violence.
Cortical plasticity in AQP4-positive NMOSD: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Cruciani Alessandro , Capone Fioravante , Haggiag Shalom , Prosperini Luca , Santoro Francesca , Ruggieri Serena , Motolese Francesco , Pilato Fabio , Musumeci Gabriella , Pozzilli Valeria , Rossi Mariagrazia , Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Buttari Fabio , Centonze Diego , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Gasperini Claudio , Tortorella Carla
Published: August 2024

Aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by suboptimal recovery from attacks and long-term disability. Experimental data suggest that AQP4 antibodies can disrupt neuroplasticity, a fundamental driver of brain recovery. A well-established method to assess brain LTP is through intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS). This study aimed to explore neuroplasticity in AQP4-NMOSD patients by examining long-term potentiation (LTP) through iTBS. We conducted a proof-of-principle study including 8 patients with AQP4-NMOSD, 8 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 8 healthy controls (HC) in which iTBS was administered to induce LTP-like effects. iTBS-induced LTP exhibited significant differences among the 3 groups (p: 0.006). Notably, AQP4-NMOSD patients demonstrated impaired plasticity compared to both HC (p = 0.01) and pwMS (p = 0.02). This pilot study provides the first in vivo evidence supporting impaired neuroplasticity in AQP4-NMOSD patients. Impaired cortical plasticity may hinder recovery following attacks suggesting a need for targeted rehabilitation strategies.
Parallel sequencing of 170 STR and 132 SNP markers using the FGID forensic four-in-one DNA typing kit on the DNBSEQ-G99RS platform
Authors: Zhen Xiaoyuan , Zhao Zhenmin , Xia Ruocheng , Liu Xiling , Li Hui , Gao Yuzhen , He Baifang , Li Chengtao , Tao Ruiyang
Published: August 2024

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has rapidly emerged as a promising technique for forensic DNA typing due to its capacity to simultaneously detect numerous genetic markers and samples in a single reaction, allowing the direct acquisition of sequence information. In this current investigation, the FGID Forensic Four-in-One DNA Typing Kit was employed on the DNBSEQ-G99RS high-throughput sequencing platform to simultaneously analyze two types of forensic genetic markers—short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A total of 306 DNA markers, comprising Amelogenin, 66 autosomal STR (A-STR) loci, 29 X chromosomal STR (X-STR) loci, 75 Y chromosomal STR (Y-STR) loci, and 135 SNP (132 A-SNP and 3 Y-SNP) loci, were genotyped for 100 unrelated individual samples (50 males and 50 females). As a result, sequence-based STR typing identified 940 alleles on A-STRs, 378 alleles on X-STRs, and 519 alleles on Y-STRs. In comparison to length-based alleles, the number of unique alleles based on sequence increased by 58.18%. Additionally, 97 new sequence variations were observed at 29 STR loci, and MPS sequence information was obtained for the first time at 42 STR loci. Furthermore, when utilizing sequence-based data, forensic parameters exhibited a notable increase in combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) for A-STR, a slight increase in CPD and combined mean exclusion chance (MEC) for X-STR, and a marginal increase in discrimination capacity (DC) for Y-STR. Moreover, information data for 132 A-SNPs were acquired. As anticipated, our findings highlight the advantages of MPS in forensic genetic applications while contributing novel genetic data for Asian populations in forensic practice.
Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation for health systems
Authors: Morgan Rosemary , Kalbarczyk Anna , Decker Michele , Elnakib Shatha , Igusa Tak , Luo Amy , Oladimeji Ayoyemi Toheeb , Nakatabira Milly , Peters David H , Prihartono Indira , Malhotra Anju
Published: August 2024

Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for health and health systems interventions and programs is vital to improve health, health systems, and gender equality outcomes. It can be used to identify and address gender disparities in program participation, outcomes and benefits, as well as ensure that programs are designed and implemented in a way that is inclusive and accessible for all. While gender-responsive M&E is most effective when interventions and programs intentionally integrate a gender lens, it is relevant for all health systems programs and interventions. Within the literature, gender-responsive M&E is defined in different and diverse ways, making it difficult to operationalize. This is compounded by the complexity and multi-faceted nature of gender. Within this methodological musing, we present our evolving approach to gender-responsive M&E which we are operationalizing within the Monitoring for Gender and Equity project. We define gender-responsive M&E as intentionally integrating the needs, rights, preferences of, and power relations among, women and girls, men and boys, and gender minority individuals, as well as across social, political, economic, and health systems in M&E processes. This is done through the integration of different types of gender data and indicators, including: sex- or gender-specific, sex- or gender-disaggregated, sex- or gender-specific/disaggregated which incorporate needs, rights and preferences, and gender power relations and systems indicators. Examples of each of these are included within the paper. Active approaches can also enhance the gender-responsiveness of any M&E activities, including incorporating an intersectional lens and tailoring the types of data and indicators included and processes used to the specific context. Incorporating gender into the programmatic cycle, including M&E, can lead to more fit-for-purpose, effective and equitable programs and interventions. The framework presented in this paper provides an outline of how to do this, enabling the uptake of gender-responsive M&E.
Human rights and corruption: Problems and potential of individualizing a systemic problem
Authors: Peters Anne
Published: August 2024

This article examines the advantages and challenges of a deliberate legal-political strategy that addresses corruption at an individual, rather than systemic, level. Empirical research has highlighted the correlations between the extent and nature of corruption and the level of human rights enjoyment. In response to these observations, anti-corruption and human rights policy agendas have been converging at the international and regional levels. However, framing corruption as a human rights violation that incurs international state responsibility poses conceptual difficulties. Additionally, the risks and benefits of this convergence need to be assessed. This article concludes that the human rights approach provides significant added value, outweighing its limitations. Yet, it remains an open question whether human rights are the appropriate normative framework for denouncing and combating corruption. The article suggests that the human rights perspective, by opening up new avenues for monitoring and litigation, effectively supplements the criminal law approach. It argues for a more balanced integration of corruption concerns within human rights frameworks, with equal emphasis on human rights considerations in all anti-corruption monitoring schemes. Such integration would likely foster a positive feedback loop, where anti-corruption efforts enhance human rights conditions, while certain human rights facilitate the fight against corruption.
Deletion of BTB and CNC Homology 1 Protects Against Staphylococcus aureus–Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Liu Dapeng , Jin Sihao , Li Xiaolin , Liu Gang , Li Shengpeng , Chen Fan , Qin Xiaoyun , Zhang Yanli , Jiang Fengjuan , Chen Dan , Pang Qingfeng , Hu Chunxiao , Wu Yaxian , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: August 2024

BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, its exact mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus (SA)-induced ALI, a gram-positive bacterial infection, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we generated a BACH1-knockout mouse model (BACH1−/−) to investigate the role of BACH1 and its underlying mechanisms in regulating the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Elevated levels of BACH1 were observed in both serum samples from septic patients and mouse models. Deletion of BACH1 alleviated ALI symptoms induced by sepsis. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, BACH1 deletion or knockdown suppressed NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that BACH1 downregulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) mRNA expression by binding to its promoter region. These findings uncover inhibiting BACH1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating gram-positive bacteria-induced ALI
Efficacy and Safety of Pimodivir Combined With Standard of Care in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized High-Risk Adolescents and Adults With Influenza A Infection
Authors: Leopold Lorant , Vingerhoets Johan , Deleu Sofie , Nalpas Catherine , Weber Karin , van Dromme Ilse , Lowson David , Michiels Bart , van Duijnhoven Wilbert
Published: August 2024

Background

An unmet need exists for effective antivirals to treat patients hospitalized with influenza. The results of 2 phase 3 studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of pimodivir in combination with investigator-chosen standard of care (SoC) treatment are presented.

Methods

Hospitalized patients (hospital study; NCT03376321) and high-risk outpatients (outpatient study; NCT03381196) with laboratory-confirmed influenza A infection were randomized 1:1 to 600 mg pimodivir twice daily + SoC or placebo twice daily + SoC for 5 days. For most patients, SoC included oseltamivir. Primary end points were Hospital Recovery Scale (HRS) at day 6 (hospital study) and median time to resolution (TTR) of influenza-related symptoms (outpatient study).

Results

Pimodivir + SoC (oseltamivir) treatment showed no clinical benefit over placebo + SoC on HRS at day 6 (common odds ratio, 0.943; 95% confidence interval [CI], .609–1.462; P = .397; hospital study). A shorter median TTR of 7 symptoms was estimated with pimodivir + SoC versus placebo (92.6 hours; 95% CI, 77.6–104.2 vs 105.1 hours; 95% CI, 92.7–128.6; P = .0216; outpatient study).

Conclusions

Pimodivir + SoC showed no additional clinical benefit versus SoC treatment alone in hospitalized patients. Pimodivir + SoC demonstrated shorter TTR of influenza symptoms versus placebo + SoC in high-risk outpatients.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT03376321 and NCT03381196.