bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Assess the effect of Fast Food among Adolescent Group
Authors: Dighikar Vrushali P. , Singh Seema
Published: August 2021

Background: Different types of fast food are becoming more popular in all parts of the world, including both developed and developing nations. Because of changes and transitions in people's lifestyles and dietary habits, an increasing number of people of all ages, particularly adolescents and young adults, are gravitating toward fast food. For past 10 years, Fast food consumption has increased globally. Hence, the topic of eating fast food can turn specifically very much better for the age group of 13-18. Because of this for controlling the eating habits of fast food first attention might be given to developing some nutritional habit to the adolescents.

Aim: To assess the effect of fast food among adolescent group.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. The study was conducted among adolescents’ group rural area of Wardha district, Maharashtra. The population of the study was the adolescent group. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The sample was consisting of a total number of 85 subjects. A structured knowledge questionnaire were used to assess the knowledge and effect of fast food.

Results: After the detailed analysis of the conducted study leads to the following conclusion that Means score of the adolescent group was 12±2.88 and the mean percentage of score was 60±14.41 It is revealed that the adolescent group is having lot many effects of fast food on their health and having knowledge regarding the effect of fast food, in that 1.18% of the adolescent group had a no effect, 30.59% of them had mild, 58.82% of them were moderate and 9.41% of them had a severe.

The minimum score was 5 and the maximum score was 17 out of 20.

Conclusion: The research concludes that adolescents are having an effect of fast food on their health so because of that they are having average knowledge regarding the effect of fast food.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Transrectal Misoprostol with Intravenous Oxytocin in Active Management of Third Stage of Labour in Preventing Post-partum Hemorrhage
Authors: Patel Nidhi , Borkar Kiran
Published: August 2021

Background: PPH which is 500 ml or more blood loss in 24 hours of birth . Uterine atony has been the commonest cause of PPH. To prevent PPH uterotonics like oxytocin and misoprostol should be given. Intravenous route of oxytocin has rapid effect, but is associated with cardiovascular side effects like rise in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure. Slower rate of absorption, lower peak levels and reduced adverse effects is seen with misoprostol given rectally when compared to sublingual and oral routes. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of transrectal misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin in preventing post-partum haemorrhage.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of 600mcg transrectal misoprostol with 10IU intravenous oxytocin in active management of third stage of labour in preventing PPH and recommend technique for active management of third stage of labour in preventing PPH.

Methodology: Women randomized into two groups for prevention of PPH and are given 600ug of misoprostol per rectally and 10IU oxytocin intravenously. Duration of third stage, the blood volume in kidney tray and additional blood loss in sterile surgical pads for 24hrs will be noted. The blood loss due to episiotomy will be taken as 50ml.Need of additional uterotonics(oxytocin or misoprostol), blood transfusion, removal of placenta manually, haemoglobin before and after delivery will be noted. Monitoring of patients for vital signs, uterine tone, fundal height and vaginal bleeding for 2 hour will be done.

Result: The expected outcome of the study will be a significant difference in the blood loss during third stage of labour and 24 hours in post-partum period when uterotonics like oxytocin or misoprostol are used in managing third stage of labour actively.

Conclusion: Our study will show the effect of intravenous oxytocin and transrectal misoprostol in managing third stage of labour actively to prevent post-partum hemorrhage.
Stereoselective reactivity of the SH groups of yeast glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase in the allosteric T and R states
Authors: Eisele B. , Wallenfels K.
Published: July 2002

The results were interpreted by the assumption, that the allosteric T state of the enzyme reacts most rapidly with the D(+) antipodes, whereas the R state favours the L(−) antipodes of the alkylation reagents. The dependence of the reaction rates on the NAD+ concentration could be fitted to the allosteric function of state .
Mise en evidence d'une liaison aspartamido‐glycosaminidique dans les glycoproteines de structure de l'aorte
Authors: Moczar Madeleine
Published: July 2002

The nature of the carbohydrate‐peptide linkage in the glycopeptides isolated after proteolytic digestion of the structural glycoproteins of the insoluble stroma of porcine and horse aorta was studied. The isolation and identification of 2‐acetamido‐1‐(L‐β‐aspartamido)‐1,2‐dideoxy‐β‐D‐glucose from an electrophoretically purified glycopeptide proves the presence of aspartamido‐glucosaminidic linkage in these glycoproteins.
Activite trypsique a l'egard de certains substrats chromogenes
Authors: Jacquot-Armand Y. , Hill M.
Published: July 2002

Tryptic hydrolysis of different arginine nitroanilides was studied. Para‐nitroanilide is the most readily hydrolyzed substrate, ortho derivative is 5 times less sensitive and meta derivative is a very weak substrate. When the benzoyl group bound on the Nα arginine of BAPNA is replaced by a carbobenzoxy group (L‐ZAPNA), the tryptic hydrolysis is increased by a factor of 3. With this latter substrate, the kinetic constants are determined for two forms, native and Nϵ‐acetylated of porcine and bovine trypsin. Evidence is presented that the rate of hydrolysis is both related to the global and local charges of the enzyme.
Molecular evolution of the neurohypophysial hormones: The active peptides of a primitive bony fish Polypterus bichir
Authors: Acher Roger , Chauvet Jacqueline , Chauvet Marie-Thérs̀e
Published: July 2002

Neurohypophysial hormones have been so far identified in Neopterygii and Crossopterygii but not in species of the bird sub‐class of bony fishes, the Palaeopterygii. Isolation and chemical characterization of the active principles of a primitive bony fish, Polypterus bichir, have been performed. Isotocin (Ser4—Ile8—oxytocin) and arginine vasotocin (Arg8—oxytocin) have been identified. Because the same peptides were found in the recent Neopterygii, it can be deduced that neurohypophysial hormones have displayed a peculiar stability in the course of the evolution of bony fishes. However isotocin and vasotocin are replaced by oxytocin and vasopressins in mammals and therefore might be regarded as “old” molecules.
Effect of distamycin a on the structure and template activity of DNA in RNA — polymerase system
Authors: Chandra P. , Zimmer Ch. , Thrum H.
Published: July 2002

It is shown that native and denatured DNA form complexes with the oligopeptide‐antibiotic distamycin A. The pronounced inhibition of the incorporation of AMP into RNA in the DNA directed RNA‐polymerase system is due to the interference of the antibiotic with DNA.
Rôle modeste du citrate comme transporteur d'acétyl‐CoA chez l'animal vivant.
Authors: Rous S.
Published: July 2002

2,4‐14 C‐Citrate incorporated to a far greater extent than 1,5‐14 C‐citrate into liver, carcass or adipose tissue fatty acids of living mice. This finding excludes the possibility that the acetyl units emerge from the mitochondria in the form of citrate.
On the complex formation between basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and TLCK‐, TPCK‐derivatives of β‐trypsin
Authors: Imhoff Jean-Marie , Keil-Dlouha Vera
Published: July 2002

The study of the interaction of the pancreatic inhibitor with different alkylated derivatives of α‐ and β‐trypsin shows that: 1) TLCK‐β‐trypsin forms a complex with pancreatic inhibitor in tris buffer and tris‐ethanol 40% system. 2) TLCK‐α‐trypsin and TLCK‐TPCK‐β‐trypsin have lost their ability to complex formation with pancreatic inhibitor. TLCK‐α‐trypsin and TLCK‐TPCK‐β‐trypsin are in derivatives in which the “chymotryptic” active site is destroyed. The results presented in this paper prove the participation of the “chymotrypic” active site in the interaction between trypsin and pancreatic inhibitor. This is the second interaction beside that of the electrostatic bond between Asp‐117 of trypsin and Lys‐15 of the inhibitor which we proved earlier.
Zur primärstruktur des cytochromes c des steppenzebras (Equus quagga Boehmi)
Authors: Gürtler L. , Horstmann H.J.
Published: July 2002

Cytochrome c of the zebra (Equus guagga Boehmi) differs from horse cytochrome c in having in its polypeptide chain one serine residue instead of none and 9 threonine residues instead of 10. This replacement has been localised at position 47 of the sequence.
Some parameters affecting respiratory control in Azotobacter vinelandii membranes
Authors: Jones Colin W. , Erickson Sandra K. , Ackrell Brian A.C.
Published: July 2002

PIPES: piperazine‐N,N′‐bis 2‐ethane sulphonic acid
Etude des constantes de liaison entre les oestrogenes et 1'α1‐foetoproteine de rat
Authors: Savu L. , Crepy O. , Guerin M.A. , Nunez E. , Engelmann F. , Benassayag C. , Jayle M.F.
Published: July 2002

The binding constants of the α1‐foetoprotein of the rat embryo serum for oestrone and oestradiol‐17β have similar values, i.e. 1 × 108 M−1 in average at 25°. There is probably one binding site per mole of binding protein. The high α1‐foetoprotein concentration in the rat embryo serum at 17–19 days of pregnancy explains the exceptionally high levels of fixation of the phenolsteroids by this serum.
Über einen energieunabhängigen Me2+‐H+‐Austausch in der Auβenmembran von Rattenlebermitochondrien und seine Beziehungen zum energieunabhängigen Me+‐H+‐Austausch
Authors: Lutze G. , Liese W.
Published: July 2002

Intact mitochondria are able to bind monovalent and divalent metal cations and to release protons in an energy‐independent exchange process. Directly accessible binding sites exist in the outer membrane. They seem to be identical for monovalent and divalent metal ions. The inner membrane‐matrix‐fraction possesses exchange sites after ultrasonic disruption only for monovalent cations, but not for divalent cations.
Active sites in Escherichia coli ribosomes
Authors: Pongs O. , Nierhaus K.H. , Erdmann V.A. , Wittmann H.G.
Published: July 2002

The model of active sites in E. coli ribosome illustrated in the figure is based on the presently available experimental results. It is far from being complete and should not be overinterpreted as an accurate topographical model. More data on the functional role of ribosomal components and on the topography of the subunits can be expected in the near future and will add to the knowledge on the active sites in ribosomes.
Biosynthèse de cellulose bacterienne à partir de glucose sélectivement deuterié en position 6: Étude par RMN
Authors: Gagnaire Didier , Taravel François R.
Published: July 2002

D‐glucose specifically deuterated at C‐6 was prepared and used for the biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose with Acetobacter xylinum. The material obtained was converted into glucitol hexaacetate and analyzed by 250 MHz n.m.r. and mass spectrometry. These spectra indicated that about 70% of the starting D‐glucose was incorporated without modification of deuteriation at the C‐6 position. However an explanation is required of the finding that deuterium was also incorporated at the C‐2 and C‐1 positions of the cellulose, arising respectively from the 6 pro‐R and 6 pro‐S positions of the initial D‐glucose.
Isolement par chromatographie d'affinite de fractions membranaires specialisees, a partir de microsomes d'hepatocytes de chat
Authors: Azzar G. , Got R.
Published: July 2002

Microsomal glucokinase is solubilized by incubation in the presence of several metabolites. After solubilization of the enzymes, the membranes present free sites for specific binding of glucokinase, therefore, they can purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose‐ATP‐glucokinase. This method yields membranous vesicles which contain, in addition to glucokinase, uridylyl‐transferase, phosphoglucomutase, sialyl‐transferase and adenylate cyclase. Galactosyl‐transferase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase are absent. It appears that functionally related enzyme from UDP‐glucose biosynthesis are aggregated onto specific patches of the membrane, most likely from Golgi apparatus.
Rapid induction of hepatic acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity after estradiol benzoate injection in the quail
Authors: Pageaux Jean François , Laugier Christian , Pacheco Henri
Published: July 2002

The time course of hepatic Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity as well as hepatic and plasmatic fatty acids concentrations following a single injection of estradiol benzoate (EB, 0.2 mg/kg) was studied in the quail. Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity increases rapidly and reaches its peak 3 h after the injection of EB. Similarly, hepatic and plasmatic fatty acids concentrations are significantly increased 6 h after the hormonal injection and attain their highest level 18 h later. These results suggest that estrogen affects the hepatic fatty acids biosynthesis by regulating the conversion of acetyl‐CoA to malonyl‐CoA.
The terminal respiratory chain of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus
Authors: Carver Mark A. , Jones Colin W.
Published: July 2002

Cytochrome oxidase o has been isolated from the obligately aerobic, methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus in the form of a cytochrome c
L‐o complex. The latter is comprised of cytochrome c
L (M
r 21 000) and cytochrome o (M
r 29 000) in a 1–2:1 ratio, possibly in association with one or more minor polypeptides; the complex exhibits a high ascorbate‐TMPD oxidase activity which is inhibited non‐competitively by cyanide (K
i ≈ 2 μM). In contrast, the oxidation of methanol by whole cells is inhibited uncompetitively by cyanide (K
i≈4 μM), thus indicating the involvement in methanol oxidation of cytochrome oxidase aa
3 rather than o.
Indentification of β‐oxidation enzymes among peroxisomal polypeptides
Authors: Lazarow Paul B. , Fujiki Yukio , Mortensen Richard , Hashimoto Takashi
Published: July 2002

Peroxisomes contain enzymes catalyzing the β‐oxidation of fatty acids, which have been purified and partially characterized. Hypolipidemic drugs, including clofibrate, cause a marked proliferation of peroxisomes and a striking increase in the activity of their β‐oxidation system. We have compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the polypeptide patterns of normal and clofibrate‐induced peroxisomes and the purified β‐oxidation enzymes. The data allow a tentative identification of the β‐oxidation enzymes among the peroxisomal polypeptides; these enzymes constitute only a small part of the protein of normal peroxisomes. A subset of peroxisomal polypeptides, including the β‐oxidation enzymes, is preferentially increased by clofibrate.
Detection of a heat‐ and acid‐stable ‘progesterone’‐binding protein in the rat lung
Authors: Moser Ewald H. , Daxenbichler Günter
Published: July 2002

Using a modified charcoal method, we could detect a steroid‐binding component in rat lung cytosol which specifically binds R5020, progesterone, and some of its natural derivatives. The concentration of binding sites is high (30–40 pmol/mg protein), the affinity is moderate, the K
d of the R5020 complex being ∼10−7 M. Proteolytic enzymes and sulfhydryl reagents destroyed the binding sites indicating the protein nature and the requirement for disulfide bonds. The protein sedimented in the 2 S range thus had an M
r of 10 000–15 000. Further characteristics are the extreme heat (30 min at 100°C) and acid (pH 1) stability. These properties and the fact that it was not detected in serum, distinguish this binding protein from receptors and specific serum steroid binders.
Accessibility of histone H4 gene of Physarum polycephalum to DNase I during the cell cycle
Authors: Wilhelm Marcelle L. , Xavier Wilhelm F. , Toublan Barbara , Jalouzot Raymond
Published: July 2002

DNase I was used as a probe to detect conformational changes of the H4 histone gene of Physarum polycephalum during the cell cycle. The degradation of histone genes was followed by gel electrophoresis and hybridization with a probe for the H4 histone gene. It was found that even during mitosis when chromatin is condensed into chromosomes, the histone genes are preferentially degraded by DNase I. The histone genes retain a characteristic structure which is recognized by DNase I during all stages of the cell cycle and thus independently of the biosynthesis of histones.
One of the protein components of lens fiber membranes is glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Lenstra Johannes A. , van Raaij Adriana J.M. , Bloemendal Hans
Published: July 2002

The eye lens membrane component ‘MP34’ [Exp. Eye Res. 24 (1977) 413–415] has been resolved into three protein components and in a revised nomenclature designated MP35, MP36.5 and MP37, respectively. MP37 has been identified as the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, which is one of the major components of membranes both from cultured hamster lens cells and from HeLa cells.
Characteristics of vitamin K‐dependent carboxylating systems from human liver and placenta
Authors: Soute Berry A.M. , de Metz Menno , Vermeer Cees
Published: July 2002

Bovine liver vitamin K‐dependent carboxylase was compared with that obtained from human liver and placenta. Human liver microsomal preparations contained more endogenous substrate than did bovine preparations, but no differences were found between the two types of hepatic enzyme. This observation demonstrates that the bovine liver carboxylating enzyme system is a good model system which will help us to understand vitamin K action in man. Placental carboxylase differed from the liver systems because only vitamin K hydroquinone and not vitamin K quinone could be used as a coenzyme for the carboxylation reaction. Obviously, vitamin K reductase was absent in these preparations.
Insulin affects only initiation and not elongation in protein synthesis in soleus muscles of lean and obese mice
Authors: Monier Solange , Le Marchand-Brustel Yannick
Published: July 2002

The effect of insulin on polypeptide chain initiation and elongation has been studied in soleus muscles isolated from lean and goldthioglucose‐obese mice. Insulin increased the amount of radioactivity present in nascent chains by ∼30% in muscles from both lean and obese mice, indicating that it stimulates peptide chain initiation. In contrast, elongation rates, estimated by measurement of half transit time, were similar in basal conditions and insulin‐treated muscles of lean and obese animals. Thus, insulin increased the initiation without modifying the elongation rates. Obesity did not affect either basal rates of initiation and elongation or the effect of insulin.
Reaction of chloroacetyl‐CoA with rabbit fatty acid synthase
Authors: McCarthy Alun D. , Hardie D.Grahame
Published: July 2002

The substrate analogue chloroacetyl‐CoA inhibits fatty acid synthase by reacting with the ‘central’ or pantetheine thiol and not the ‘peripheral’ or β‐ketoacylsynthase thiol as previously reported. This was demonstrated by the isolation of [14C]carboxymethylcysteamine after acid hydrolysis of enzyme labelled with chloro[14C]acetyl‐CoA, and by the demonstration that more than one of the partial reactions is inhibited. This reagent now represents a simple and convenient tool both for quantification of the pantetheine thiol and for labelling this site for peptide mapping and isolation.
Phosphorylation—dephosphorylation of purified insulin receptor from human placenta
Authors: Machicao F. , Urumow T. , Wieland O.H.
Published: July 2002

The insulin receptor of human placenta even after extensive purification is phosphorylated in the presence of [γ‐32P]ATP and NaF, and is dephosphorylated again on incubation in NaF‐free medium. Insulin stimulates phosphate incorporation into the M
r95 000 subunit probably by activation of the phosphorylation step. Our data suggest that the insulin receptor contains both kinase and phosphatase activities that may control the phosphorylation state of the receptor.
A photo‐CIDNP study of the active sites of Megasphaera elsdenii and Clostridium MP flavodoxins
Authors: Moonen Chrit T.W. , Hore Peter J. , Müller Franz , Kaptein Robert , Mayhew Stephen G.
Published: July 2002

Megasphaera elsdenii and Clostridium MP flavodoxins have been investigated by photo‐CIDNP techniques. Using time‐resolved spectroscopy and external dyes carrying different charges it was possible to assign unambiguously the resonance lines in the NMR‐spectra to tyrosine, tryptophan and methionine residues in the two proteins. The results show that Trp‐91 in M.elsdenii and Trp‐90 in Cl.MP flavodoxin are strongly immobilized and placed directly above the benzene subnucleus of the prosthetic group. The data further indicate that the active sites of the two flavodoxins are extremely similar.
The primary structure of protein L2 from the Escherichia coli ribosome
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Mende Liane , Wittmann-Liebold Brigitte
Published: July 2002

The complete primary structure of protein L2 which is the largest protein component of the E. coli 50 S subunit, has been established. A combination of enzymatic and chemical cleavages has been employed to isolate peptides, which were sequenced by the micro‐DABITC/PITC double‐coupling method [FEBS Lett. (1978) 93, 205–214]. The sequence determined shows protein L2 to consist of 272 amino acid residues with M
r = 29730. Secondary structure predictions were made based on the primary structure. Further, sequence regions homologous to other ribosomal proteins are presented. These results suggest protein L2, which binds specifically to the 23 S RNA, to show homologous sequence stretches to the other RNA‐binding proteins.
The primary structure of protein L17 from the Escherichia coli ribosome
Authors: Rombauts Wilfried , Feytons Valère , Wittmann-Liebold Brigitte
Published: July 2002

The complete sequence of protein L17 which is a component of the large subunit of the E. coli ribosome has been determined. Peptides deriving from enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin, thermolysin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus and A. mellea protease were isolated and sequenced by the DABITC/PITC double coupling method. Some overlapping peptides were obtained after mild acid cleavage of the protein. According to the amino acid sequence protein L17 contains 127 residues and has a molecular mass of 14 365. The primary structure of protein L17 agrees well with the amino acid analysis of the intact protein and its N‐terminal sequence as derived from automatic sequencing in an improved Beckman sequencer. Secondary predictions and a search for homologous sequence stretches to other ribosomal proteins were made.
Chemical modifications of Pokeweed antiviral protein: effects upon ribosome inactivation, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity
Authors: Irvin James D. , Aron Gary M.
Published: July 2002

Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a protein known to inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes by an unknown enzymatic action and inhibit the production of mammalian viruses in tissue culture. This protein was subjected to a variety of chemical modifications to determine their effects upon ribosomal inactivation, antiviral action, and cytotoxicity. It was found that modifications of a number of different amino acid residues had similar effects upon all 3 activities. Also the inactivation of PAP with diethylpyrocarbonate was not due to its reaction with a histidine residue but to a modification of an unidentified amino acid residue.
Identification of the imidazolate anion as a ligand in metmyoglobin by near‐infrared magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy
Authors: Gadsby Paul M.A. , Thomson Andrew J.
Published: July 2002

The near‐infrared (700–1900 nm) magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of a horse‐heart metmyoglobin—imidazole complex have been measured as a function of pD between 9.1 and 12.2 at room temperature. Two low‐spin ferric haem complexes with MCD peaks at 1600 and 1350 nm, respectively, interconvert with an apparent pK
a of just above 11.0. Since this process has been identified with the deprotonation of the added imidazole ligand at N‐1 we identify the species showing its main peak at 1600 nm as the histidine—imidazole complex and that at 1350 nm as the histidine—imidazolate form of the haem. This study points to the value of near infrared MCD in discriminating clearly between these two species.
Biosynthesis of dolichol and dolichylphosphate in rat hepatocytes in vivo
Authors: Ekström T. , Eggens I. , Dallner G.
Published: July 2002

The biosynthesis of dolichol and dolichylmonophosphate in rat liver was studied using [3H]mevalonate as precursor. The radioactive precursor was either injected into the portal vein of the rat or added to the incubation medium containing isolated hepatocytes, followed by the isolation of microsomes and mitochondria from the liver or the hepatocytes. In both systems dolichol in microsomes was highly labeled after a short labeling period followed by a rapid decrease. During this period the labeling of mitochondrial dolichol was low. The specific radioactivity of dolichyl‐P in microsomes of both systems was higher in the initial phase than in dolichol and increased further with time. The mitochondrial labeling was also increased but was at a much lower level.
Proteins and polypeptides of envelope membranes from spinach chloroplasts
Authors: Nguyen Tan Duc , Siegenthaler Paul-André
Published: July 2002

Spinach chloroplasts are known to contain calmodulin and to display an envelope‐bound ATPase activity. This activity, stimulated by 0.15 mM Ca2+ and 5 mM Mg2+, is further enhanced by calmodulin. The apparent K
m for ATP was 0.55 mM. The enzyme was especially sensitive to NH4VO3, SbCl3, LaCl3 and oligomycin. An attempt to isolate the ATPase by calmodulin‐Sepharose affinity chromatography was successful. The EGTA‐eluted fraction contained 2 proteins out of the 21 proteins separated previously by isoelectric focussing [(1983) Biochim. Acta 722, 226—333] and exhibited an ATPase activity.
Effect of N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine on DNA polymerases α and β in vitro
Authors: Suzuki Kazutoshi , Miyaki Michiko , Ono Tetsuo
Published: July 2002

DNA polymerases α and β were treated with N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The activities of the modified DNA polymerase were decreased and the degree of lowered activity varied with the template employed. However, no decrease in fidelity was observed in DNA synthesis by the MNNG‐treated polymerases. It is suggested that direct modification of the DNA polymerase molecule by MNNG is not the cause of carcinogenesis.
The possible functional significance of phosphatidylinositol in G1 arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dudani Anil Kumar , Trivedi Akhilesh , Prasad Rajendra
Published: July 2002

Individual phospholipids were assayed in exponentially growing and G1‐arrested temperature‐sensitive cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was observed that cdc28 cells which are known to arrest at ‘start’ when shifted to their non‐permissive temperature, resulted in a 40% decrease in phosphatidylinositol (PI) level while the phosphatidylserine (PS) content was doubled in these cells. The reduced level of PI was restored in cdc4 and cdc7 mutants which are known to arrest past the ‘start’. The increase in PS level in cdc8 mutant which was probably to compensate the intrinsic charging of membrane environment, was also reduced in cdc4 and cdc7 mutants. Our results demonstrate that PI may play a role in yeast cell division and growth that the abnormalities of cdc28 could also be related to PI decrease.
Myosin light chain phosphorylation during contraction of turtle heart
Authors: Sayers S.T. , Bárány K.
Published: July 2002

The phosphorylation of myosin P‐light chain was determined during the contraction cycle of turtle heart beating 5–8 times/min at 5°C. The hearts were freeze‐clamped either in systole or diastole, then homogenized and washed in strong acids in order to completely inhibit myosin light chain kinase and phosphatase and isolate the total P‐light chain of the heart. The phospho and dephospho forms of P‐light chain were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and were quantitated by densitometry. Alternatively, the hearts were perfused with 32P and the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the P‐light chain was determined. Both methods demonstrated that in hearts frozen in systole more P‐light chain was phosphorylated than in hearts frozen in diastole.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of endoribonuclease VI expression during Artemia development
Authors: Quintanilla Miguel , Renart Jaime
Published: July 2002

Expression of endoribonuclease VI activity during early larval development of the crustacean Artemia has been studied in vivo in the presence of different inhibitors of transcription and translation. All the transcription inhibitors tested (α‐amanitin, cordycepin and actinomycin D) did not affect the expression of the activity. However, protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and anisomycin) prevented the appearance of the activity. These data strongly indicate that the control of the expression of endoribonuclease VI is carried out post‐transcriptionally.
Ribosome specificity of archaebacterial elongation factor 2
Authors: Klink Friedrich , Schümann Henning , Thomsen Anne
Published: July 2002

Polyphenylalanine synthesis with ribosomes and two separated, partially purified elongation factors (EF) was measured in cell‐free systems from the archaebacteria Thermoplasma acidophilum and Methanococcus vannielii, in an eukaryotic system from rat liver and an eubacterial one with Escherichia coli ribosomes and factors from Thermus thermophilus. By substitution of heterologous EF‐2 or EF‐G, respectively, for the homologous factors, ribosome specificity was shown to be restricted to factors from the same kingdom. In contrast EF‐1 from T. thermophilus significantly cooperated with ribosomes from T. acidophilum.
Triphenyltin chloride inhibits superoxide production by human neutrophils stimulated with a surface active agent
Authors: Matsui Hisao , Wada Osamu , Ushijima Yoshio , Akuzawa Takafumi
Published: July 2002

Treatment of human neutrophils with triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl)‐inhibited superoxide (O−
2) production stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). TPTCl was more potent as inhibitor of O−
2 production than other phenyltin compounds. The O−
2 production by the xanthine oxidase—acetaldehyde system was not inhibited by TPTCl. This finding indicates that TPTCl does not itself react with O−
2. Furthermore, TPTCl did not influence the isolated NADPH oxidase at all, though O−
2 production of neutrophils stimulated with PMA in the presence of TPTCl was inhibited. These results indicate that TPTCl inhibits the activation process of the O−
2 generating system.
Reconstituted mitochondrial transhydrogenase is a transmembrane protein
Authors: Pennington Robin M. , Fisher Ronald R.
Published: July 2002

Bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase, a redox‐linked proton pump, can be functionally and asymmetrically inserted into liposomes by a cholate‐dialysis procedure such that the active site faces the external medium. N‐(4‐Azido‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐aminoethylsulfonate (NAP‐taurine), a membrane‐impermeant photoprobe, when encapsulated in the vesicles, covalently modified the enzyme and inhibited transhydrogenation between NADPH and the 3‐acetylpyridine analog of NAD+ (AcPyAD+) in a light‐dependent manner. External AcPyAD+ increased the rate of inactivation several fold, whereas NADPH, NADP+, and NADH were without effect. Labelling of the enzyme by intravesicular [35S]NAP‐taurine was enhanced by AcPyAD+ and NADP+, decreased by NADH, and not significantly affected by NADPH. These results indicate that transhydrogenase spans the membrane and that substrate binding alters the conformation of that domain of the enzyme protruding from the inner surface of the membrane.
The primary structure of yeast mitochondrial tyrosine tRNA
Authors: Sibler Annie-Paule , Dirheimer Guy , Martin Robert P.
Published: July 2002

The mitochondrial tyrosine tRNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been sequenced. It has two interesting structural features: (i) it lacks two semi‐invariant purine residues in the D‐loop which are involved in tertiary interactions in the yeast cytoplasmic tRNAPhe; (ii) it has a large variable loop and therefore resembles procaryotic tRNAsTyr rather than eucaryotic cytoplasmic ones.
Identification of the ligand trans to thiolate in cytochrome P‐450 LM2 by chemical modification
Authors: Jänig G.-R. , Dettmer R. , Usanov S.A. , Ruckpaul K.
Published: July 2002

About 3 tyrosine residues of cytochrome P‐450 LM2 are accessible to chemical modification with tetranitromethane. Nitration of two tyrosines inactivates the enzyme to about 20%. The partial formation of a hyper‐porphyrin spectrum originating from the pK shift by nitration and formation of a tyrosinate is prevented by modification in the presence of the inhibitor metyrapone. These findings support the assumption of a tyrosine residue as sixth ligand of the heme iron in cytochrome P‐450 LM2.
Distribution of nucleosomes on reconstituted chromatin from cloned mouse β‐globin DNA
Authors: Nose Kiyoshi , Kurashina Yoshizaku
Published: July 2002

Relative abundance of nucleosomes on reconstituted chromatin was estimated with cloned mouse β‐globin gene DNA. Mononucleosomal DNA was isolated from reconstituted chromatin after digestion with micrococcal nuclease, nick‐translated and used as a probe for blot hybridization. DNA fragments of restriction nuclease‐digested globin DNA were transferred to DBM‐paper and hybridized with mononucleosomal [32P] DNA probe. The results showed non‐random distribution of nucleosomes.
The effect of energization and of thiol modulation on ATP hydrolysis by soluble and membrane‐bound chloroplast coupling factor
Authors: Pick Uri
Published: July 2002

The effects of energization and of thiol modulation on ATPase activity of chloroplast coupling factor 1 are described. At 64°C the enzyme hydrolyses ATP both with Mg or Ca ions and is insensitive to thiol modulation. Cooling down to 37°C converts the enzyme to a modulation‐sensitive, Ca‐specific ATPase. Mg‐ATPase activity of chloroplasts is only slightly stimulated by thiol modulation when measured during illumination, yet, the presence of thiol reducing agents in the light largely stimulates ATPase activity in the subsequent dark period. It is suggested that the enzyme exists in two different catalytically active states: (1) energized state, insensitive to thiol‐modulation, and (2) deenergized state, stimulated by thiolmodulation.
An estimate of the dipole moment of superoxide dismutase
Authors: Leeuwen Johan W.van
Published: July 2002

A lower limit for the value of the dipole moment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is calculated to be 485 Debye. This limit follows from the observation that the rate constant of the reaction between superoxide (O−
2) and SOD decreases upon increasing the ionic strength, and the fact that at pH > 5 SOD has a net negative charge.
A bacterial clone carrying sequences coding for elongation factor EF‐1α from Artemia
Authors: van Hemert F.J. , van Ormondt H. , Möller W.
Published: July 2002

A bacterial cDNA clone was identified carrying one third of the nucleotides coding for elongation factor EF‐1α from the brine shrimp Artemia. The sequence of codons corresponds with the known sequence of amino acids of EF‐1α in the region involved.
Glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of a human pancreatic islet cell protein detected by an antiserum against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter
Authors: Bækkeskov Steinunn , Lernmark Åke
Published: July 2002

An antiserum raised against the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter specifically immunoprecipitated a major protein of M
r36 000 and a minor protein of M
r 58 000 from human pancreatic islets. The biosynthetic incorporation of [35S]methionine into the 36‐kDa protein increased 2–3 fold in 16 mM D‐glucose with 0.1 mM IBMX as compared to islets incubated in 3 mM D‐glucose either with or without IBMX. D‐Glucose tested without or with IBMX had no effect on the biosynthesis of the 58‐kDa protein. The 36‐kDa protein was also detected in rat islets and rat islet tumor cells. It is suggested that this protein may represent a D‐glucose and cAMP sensitive component of a glucose transport or glucose binding protein in the pancreatic β‐cell.
Phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli mutants with a non‐functional glyoxylate cycle
Authors: Reeves Henry C. , Malloy Peter J.
Published: July 2002

The phosphorylation of NADP‐specific isocitrate dehydrogenase in an isocitrate lyase and in a malate synthase mutant of Escherichia coli has been investigated. The results clearly demonstrate that isocitrate dehydrogenase may undergo an acetate‐induced phosphorylation in organisms which do not have a functional glyoxylate cycle. This observation, together with those reported in Salmonella typhimurium, suggest that the current notion concerning the interrelationship between the glyoxylate cycle and the reversible phosphorylation of NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase in microbial physiology should be reevaluated, and that phosphoenolpyruvate may be a key factor in the regulation of the reversible covalent modification of this enzyme in vivo.
Coordinate expression of alkali and DTNB myosin light chains during transformation of rabbit fast muscle by chronic stimulation
Authors: Seedorf Klaus , Seedorf Udo , Pette Dirk
Published: July 2002

Chronic nerve stimulation induces an almost complete exchange of the fast myosin light chains (LC) LC1f and LC2f to the slow light chains LC1s and LC2s. LC3f decreases only by 30%. The exchange of the DTNB LCs (LC2f to LC2s) precedes that of LC1f to LC1s. However, the equimolar ratio of total alkali to total DTNB LCs is maintained. This points to a hitherto unknown regulation that preserves this ratio independent of whether alkali and DTNB LCs are expressed in fast or slow isotypes.
The interaction of ribosomal protein L16 and its fragments with tRNA
Authors: Remme Jaanus , Maimets Toivo , Ustav Mart , Villems Richard
Published: July 2002

Two large proteolytic fragments of Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunit protein L16 were generated by limited hydrolysis with chymotrypsin (missing 9 N‐terminal amino acids) and trypsin (missing 16 N‐terminal amino acids). It was found that while intact L16 and its chymotryptic fragment both interact with tRNA (K
d = 5.4 x 10−7 M), the tryptic fragment does not. These results are interpreted in terms of possible significance of the residues 10–16 in the peptidyl transferase activity.
Simple and fast purification of Escherichia coli adenylate kinase
Authors: Bârzu Octavian , Michelson Susan
Published: July 2002

Adenylate kinase from E. coli (strains CR341 and CR341 T28, a temperature‐sensitive mutant) was purified by a two‐step chromatographic procedure. The enzyme from crude extracts of both mutant and parent strain was bound to blue—Sepharose at pH 7.5, thereafter specifically eluted with 0.05 mM P
1,P
5‐di(adenosine‐5′)pentaphosphate. A second chromatography on Sephadex G‐100 yielded pure enzyme. E. coli adenylate kinase was strongly inhibited by P
1,P
5‐di(adenosine‐5′)pentaphosphate (K
i 0.6 μM for adenylate kinase of strain CR341 and 2.1 μM in the case of mutant enzyme). After denaturation in 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride both mutant and parent adenylate kinase returned rapidly to the native, active state by dilution of guanidinium hydrochloride.
On the relationship between Ca2+ efflux and membrane damage during t‐butylhydroperoxide metabolism by liver mitochondria
Authors: Moore Gregory A. , Jewell Sarah A. , Bellomo Giorgio , Orrenius Sten
Published: July 2002

The release of Ca2+ from rat liver mitochondria induced by t‐butylhydroperoxide metabolism is caused by pyridine nucleotide oxidation and precedes alterations in membrane permeability which appear to result from, rather than cause, Ca2+ release.
The acyl‐CoA synthetase and acyl‐CoA thioesterase are located on the outer and inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope, respectively
Authors: Block Maryse Anne , Dorne Albert-Jean , Joyard Jacques , Douce Roland
Published: July 2002

The chloroplast envelope contains an acyl‐CoA synthetase and an acyl‐CoA thioesterase which are associated with the outer and inner membrane, respectively.
The Mr‐value of chloroplast coupling factor 1
Authors: Moroney James V. , Lopresti Linda , McEwen Bruce F. , McCarty Richard E. , Hammes Gordon G.
Published: July 2002

The M
r of spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 has been determined by sedimentation equilibrium and by light scattering to be 400 000 ± 24 600 and 407 000 ± 20 000, respectively. These values differ substantially from that obtained previously (325 000) and are consistent with an α3β3γδϵ subunit stoichiometry.
Base pairing‐induced shift in tautomeric equilibrium of a promutagenic analogue, N6‐methoxyadenosine
Authors: Kierdaszuk Borys , Stolarski Ryszard , Shugar David
Published: July 2002

The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of N
6‐methoxyadenosine and of uridine, both methylated in the 2′‐,3′‐ and 5′‐positions to obtain solution in deuterochloroform, reveal the formation of hetero‐associates in which the amino—tautomeric equilibrium is shifted to the amino form. These results ar discussed in terms of the mutagenicity of O‐methylhydroxylamine which converts adenosine to N
6‐methoxyadenosine.
A higher affinity of AMV reverse transcriptase for template‐primers correlates with a lower rate of DNA synthesis
Authors: Parnaik Veena K. , Das M.R.
Published: July 2002

The kinetics of copying of poly (A)‐oligo (dT) and poly (C)‐oligo (dG) by reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus have been studied, and binding affinity of enzyme for template‐primer and primer alone have been determined separately. Although the maximal rate of DNA synthesis obtained with poly (C)‐oligo (dG) is higher than that for poly (A)‐oligo (dT), the binding affinity of the enzyme for poly (C)‐oligo (dG) or oligo (dG) is considerably lower than that for poly (A)‐oligo (dT) or oligo (dT). Hence, for the more efficient template, poly (C)‐oligo (dG), both template‐primer and primer bind less tightly to the enzyme.
Glycolipid‐dependent agglutination of liposomes by Croton tiglium lectin
Authors: Banerjee Kalyan K. , Sen A.
Published: July 2002

Croton tiglium lectin, a protein with hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities and specific for complex carbohydrates only, agglutinates phospholipid—glycolipid vesicles in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2. The agglutination of liposomes, which is not affected by phospholipid composition and ionic strength, is completely inhibited by trypsin‐released glycopeptides from sheep erythrocyte surface indicating that the phenomenon is mediated by lectin—carbohydrate interactions. Since the lectin‐reactive glycolipids all carry the sequence Gal—Gal or their N‐acetylated derivatives as the common structural denominator, it appears that the disaccharide unit Gal—Gal or their N‐acetylated derivatives constitute an essential part of the carbohydrate hapten of the lectin. Lack of evidence for non‐carbohydrate‐dependent hydrophobic interaction of CTL with phospholipids and glycolipids lends support to the view that hemolysis is also a carbohydrate‐dependent function of the lectin.
Multiple internal repeats within protein S1 from the Escherichia coli ribosome
Authors: Wittmann-Liebold Brigitte , Ashman Keith , Dzionara Michael
Published: July 2002

The complete sequence determination of protein S1, the largest protein from the Escherichia coli ribosome, revealed that it is composed of repeated internal duplications, mainly at the central region of the molecule which contains the mRNA‐binding domain [Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) 123, 37–53]. With the aid of computer programs the statistical significance of the internal repeats in S1 was proven. Auto‐comparison of the S1‐sequence showed that it is composed of 87‐residue strings with 44‐residue subunits: 3 strings (residues 189–447) are highly related; 3 strings (residues 13–188 and 448–533) are less but significantly related. Statistical analysis revealed a more distant relatedness for the 44‐residue subunits than for the 87‐residue strings. Protein S1 was compared to all other E. coli ribosomal proteins and to the 1100 primary structures listed in the last. Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure (1978) showing parts of S1 distantly related with parts of several ribosomal proteins. However, distinct homologies between protein S1 and the other ribosomal proteins can be ruled out. The strongest repeats within the S1 sequence were mainly found corresponding to the mRNA‐binding domain. Distantly related partial sequences were also found with ribosome‐associated and nucleotide‐binding proteins, with some enzymes, with several peptide hormones and with contractile proteins.
Proteins of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome
Authors: Appelt Krzysztof , Dijk Jan , White Stephen W. , Wilson Keith S.
Published: July 2002

Crystals of ribosomal protein L6 from Bacillus stearothermophilus suitable for high resolution structural studies have been obtained. Crystals are hexagonal with space group P6122 (or the enantiomorph P6522) and cell dimensions a = b = 72.7 Å, c = 124.9 Å. A search for heavy atom derivatives is in progress.
The primary structure of initiation factor IF3 from Bacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Ernst Helmut , Appelt Krzysztof
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequence of the initiation factor IF3 from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been elucidated. This was achieved by splitting the protein with trypsin, Staphylococcus protease or cyanogen bromide. The amino acid sequence was determined by manual Edman degradation, using the DABITC/PITC double‐coupling method. The IF3 molecule contains 171 amino acids and has an M
r of 19 677. The sequence was compared to the homologous molecule from Escherichia coli; about 50% of the amino acid residues were found to be identical.
Calcium exerts an indirect effect on ATP‐dependent proteolysis of rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Rapoport S. , Dubiel W. , Müller M.
Published: July 2002

The ATP‐dependent proteolysis of rat liver mitochondria prepared in electrolyte‐poor sucrose media requires the presence of Ca2+. Lanthanum, an inhibitor of Ca2+ uptake, inhibits the proteolysis. In contrast, proteolysis of mitochondria prepared in a salt medium does not require Ca2+, nor is it inhibited by lanthanum. It is concluded that Caa+ exerts its effect in an indirect manner, by causing swelling and thereby increasing the accessibility of the membrane proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Differences in chromatin from normal and leukemic human cells as shown by digestion with restriction nucleases
Authors: Chen Shigan , Srivastava B.I.Sahai
Published: July 2002

Restriction endonuclease MspI digested significantly more than HpaII the DNA and chromatin from normal and leukemic human cells, although both enzymes digested DNA more than chromatin. Moreover, DNA and chromatin from normal cells showed higher digestion by HpaII compared to DNA and chromatin from leukemic cells indicating higher frequency of Cm5CCG in latter DNA. EcoRII and BstNI, which have the recognition sequence CCA
TGG but cut at different points, digested all DNAs significantly, as did BstNI for chromatin from all sources. However, chromatin from normal cells showed only limited digestion by EcoRII which significantly digested chromatin from leukemic cells. This could result from subtle differences in the conformation of normal and leukemic cell chromatin involving recognition sequences for EcoRII.