bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new glioma grading model based on histopathology and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 mRNA expression
Authors: Zhou Kaijia , Zhao Zheng , Li Shouwei , Liu Yanwei , Li Guanzhang , Jiang Tao
Published: October 2020

Glioma, the most common form of primary malignant brain tumors, is graded based solely on histopathological appearance, which has led to prognostic discrepancies. This study aimed to establish a new glioma grading model by analyzing the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA in patients with gliomas as well, named the Histopathological-BMP2 (HB) system. Clinical information was collected from 692 patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database. According to pathological glioma subtypes and the expression of BMP2 mRNA in tumor tissues, the new subtypes HBs, HBh, HBm and HB1 were established, with BMP2 expression highest in HBs and lowest in HB1. Survival periods were analyzed. Based on this, the expression of three BMP2 receptors (BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2) was also analyzed, which was related to the prognosis of patients. This new classification model was validated in further groups of patients from the CGGA database (n = 291) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 625). A new glioma grade (HB grade) based on histopathology and BMP2 expression can predict the prognosis of glioma patients, with BMPR1B and BMPR2 expression indicating a different prognosis in different types of gliomas. The higher the concentration of BMP2, the better the prognosis of patients.
Variation of rhizosphere bacterial community diversity in the desert ephemeral plant Ferula sinkiangensis across environmental gradients
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Zhongke , Lv Xinhua , Dang Hanli , Zhuang Li
Published: October 2020

Ferula sinkiangensis (F. sinkiangensis) is a desert short-lived medicinal plant, and its number is rapidly decreasing. Rhizosphere microbial community plays an important role in plant growth and adaptability. However, F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere bacterial communities and the soil physicochemical factors that drive the bacterial community distribution are currently unclear. On this study, based on high-throughput sequencing, we explored the diversity, structure and composition of F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere bacterial communities at different slope positions and soil depths and their correlation with soil physicochemical properties. Our results revealed the heterogeneity and changed trend of F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere bacterial community diversity and abundance on slope position and soil depth and found Actinobacteria (25.5%), Acidobacteria (16.9%), Proteobacteria (16.6%), Gemmatimonadetes (11.5%) and Bacteroidetes (5.8%) were the dominant bacterial phyla in F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere soil. Among all soil physicochemical variables shown in this study, there was a strong positive correlation between phosphorus (AP) and the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community in F. sinkiangensis. In addition, Soil physicochemical factors jointly explained 24.28% of variation in F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Among them, pH largely explained the variation of F. sinkiangensis rhizosphere bacterial community structure (5.58%), followed by total salt (TS, 5.21%) and phosphorus (TP, 4.90%).
Evaluation of NDEL1 oligopeptidase activity in blood and brain in an animal model of schizophrenia: effects of psychostimulants and antipsychotics
Authors: Nani João V. , Lee Richard S. , Yonamine Camila M. , Sant’Anna Osvaldo A. , Juliano Maria A. , Gadelha Ary , Mari Jair J. , Hayashi Mirian A. F.
Published: October 2020

Nuclear distribution element-like 1 (NDEL1) enzyme activity is important for neuritogenesis, neuronal migration, and neurodevelopment. We reported previously lower NDEL1 enzyme activity in blood of treated first episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to healthy control subjects, with even lower activity in treatment resistant chronic SCZ patients, implicating NDEL1 activity in SCZ. Herein, higher NDEL1 activity was observed in the blood and several brain regions of a validated animal model for SCZ at baseline. In addition, long-term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotics, under conditions in which SCZ-like phenotypes were reported to be reversed in this animal model for SCZ, showed a significant NDEL1 activity reduction in blood and brain regions which is in line with clinical data. Importantly, these results support measuring NDEL1 enzyme activity in the peripheral blood to predict changes in NDEL1 activity in the CNS. Also, acute administration of psychostimulants, at levels reported to induce SCZ-like phenotype in normal rat strains, increased NDEL1 enzyme activity in blood. Therefore, alterations in NDEL1 activity after treatment with antipsychotics or psychostimulants may suggest a possible modulation of NDEL1 activity secondary to neurotransmission homeostasis and provide new insights into the role of NDEL1 in SCZ pathophysiology.
Detection of functional deterioration in glaucoma by trend analysis using comprehensive overlapping clusters of locations
Authors: Gardiner Stuart K. , Mansberger Steven L.
Published: October 2020

Detecting rapid visual field deterioration is crucial for individuals with glaucoma. Cluster trend analysis detects visual field deterioration with higher sensitivity than global analyses by using predefined non-overlapping subsets of visual field locations. However, it may miss small defects that straddle cluster borders. This study introduces a comprehensive set of overlapping clusters, and assesses whether this further improves progression detection. Clusters were defined as locations from where ganglion cell axons enter the optic nerve head within a θ° wide sector, centered at 1º intervals, for various θ. Deterioration in eyes with or at risk of glaucomatous visual field loss was “detected” if ≥ Nθ clusters had deteriorated with p < pCluster, chosen empirically to give 95% specificity based on permuting the series. Nθ was chosen to minimize the time to detect subsequently-confirmed deterioration in ≥ 1/3rd of eyes. Times to detect deterioration were compared using Cox survival models. Biannual series were available for 422 eyes of 214 participants. Predefined non-overlapping clusters detected subsequently-confirmed change in ≥ 1/3rd of eyes in 3.41 years (95% confidence interval 2.75–5.48 years). After equalizing specificity, no criteria based on comprehensive overlapping clusters detected deterioration significantly sooner. The quickest was 3.13 years (2.69–4.65) for θ° = 20° and Nθ = 25, but the comparison with non-overlapping clusters had p = 0.672. Any improvement in sensitivity for detecting deterioration when using a comprehensive set of overlapping clusters was negated by the need to maintain equal specificity. The existing cluster trend analysis using predefined non-overlapping clusters provides a useful tool for monitoring visual field progression.
Sex differences in the association between chronotype and risk of depression
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Han Seung Min , Heo Kyoung , Kim Won-Joo , Chu Min Kyung
Published: October 2020

Information on sex differences in the association between chronotype and depression is scarce. We aimed to investigate these differences using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016. Chronotypes were categorised based on mid-sleep time on free days corrected by sleep debt accumulated on workdays (MSFsc): early type, < mean MSFsc − 1 standard deviation (SD); intermediate type, between mean MSFsc − 1 SD and MSFsc + 1 SD; and late type, > mean MSFsc + 1 SD. A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥ 10 indicated depression. Among 5550 non-shift working adults aged 19–80 years, the prevalence rates of depression in the early, intermediate, and late chronotype groups were 7.4%, 4.5%, and 9.3%, respectively. Women with late chronotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–4.7) showed a higher risk of depression than women with intermediate chronotype after adjusting for covariates. Women with early chronotype did not show a significant difference in depression risk (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9–2.0). In conclusion, late chronotype is associated with an increased risk of depression in women but not in men. Early chronotype is not associated with depression in women or men.
Author Correction: Aberrant expression of the COX2/PGE2 axis is induced by activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in BRAFV595E canine urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yoshitake Ryohei , Saeki Kohei , Eto Shotaro , Shinada Masahiro , Nakano Rei , Sugiya Hiroshi , Endo Yoshifumi , Fujita Naoki , Nishimura Ryohei , Nakagawa Takayuki
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Food-provisioning negatively affects calf survival and female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Senigaglia V. , Christiansen F. , Sprogis K. R. , Symons J. , Bejder L.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Intrinsic multiplication rate variation and plasticity of human blood stage malaria parasites
Authors: Stewart Lindsay B. , Diaz-Ingelmo Ofelia , Claessens Antoine , Abugri James , Pearson Richard D. , Goncalves Sonia , Drury Eleanor , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Awandare Gordon A. , Conway David J.
Published: October 2020

Pathogen multiplication rate is theoretically an important determinant of virulence, although often poorly understood and difficult to measure accurately. We show intrinsic asexual blood stage multiplication rate variation of the major human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to be associated with blood-stage infection intensity in patients. A panel of clinical isolates from a highly endemic West African population was analysed repeatedly during five months of continuous laboratory culture, showing a range of exponential multiplication rates at all timepoints tested, mean rates increasing over time. All isolates had different genome sequences, many containing within-isolate diversity that decreased over time in culture, but increases in multiplication rates were not primarily attributable to genomic selection. New mutants, including premature stop codons emerging in a few isolates, did not attain sufficiently high frequencies to substantially affect overall multiplication rates. Significantly, multiplication rate variation among the isolates at each of the assayed culture timepoints robustly correlated with parasite levels seen in patients at clinical presentation, indicating innate parasite control of multiplication rate that contributes to virulence.
Nacre toughening due to cooperative plastic deformation of stacks of co-oriented aragonite platelets
Authors: Loh Hyun-Chae , Divoux Thibaut , Gludovatz Bernd , Gilbert Pupa U. P. A. , Ritchie Robert O. , Ulm Franz-Josef , Masic Admir
Published: October 2020

Nacre’s structure-property relationships have been a source of inspiration for designing advanced functional materials with both high strength and toughness. These outstanding mechanical properties have been mostly attributed to the interplay between aragonite platelets and organic matrices in the typical brick-and-mortar structure. Here, we show that crystallographically co-oriented stacks of aragonite platelets, in both columnar and sheet nacre, define another hierarchical level that contributes to the toughening of nacre. By correlating piezo-Raman and micro-indentation results, we quantify the residual strain energy associated with strain hardening capacity. Our findings suggest that the aragonite stacks, with characteristic dimensions of around 20 µm, effectively store energy through cooperative plastic deformation. The existence of a larger length scale beyond the brick-and-mortar structure offers an opportunity for a more efficient implementation of biomimetic design.
3D hydrogel mimics of the tumor microenvironment: the interplay among hyaluronic acid, stem cells and cancer cells
Authors: Amorim Sara , Soares da Costa Diana , Pashkuleva Iva , Reis Celso A. , Reis Rui L. , Pires Ricardo A.
Published: October 2020

A 3D tumor microenvironment model is presented, combining hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate. The model can be used to mimic the bioactivity of HA in gastric cancer, as well as the crosstalk between cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
Nanobody-displaying porous silicon nanoparticles for the co-delivery of siRNA and doxorubicin
Authors: Tieu Terence , Wojnilowicz Marcin , Huda Pie , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Thissen Helmut , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Cifuentes-Rius Anna
Published: October 2020

Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells has the potential to yield high drug concentrations in cancer cells while minimizing any unwanted side effects.
Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate as a catalyst for synthesising biomedically-relevant thermogelling polyurethanes
Authors: Lim Jason Y. C. , Lin Qianyu , Liu Connie K. , Guo Liangfeng , Xue Kun , Loh Xian Jun
Published: October 2020

Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDTC) is shown to catalyse the synthesis of polyurethanes, which are able to self-assemble in water to form temperature-responsive hydrogels with low sol-to-gel transition temperatures.
Water soluble selenometabolome of Cardamine violifolia
Authors: Ouerdane Laurent , Both Eszter Borbála , Xiang Jiqian , Yin Hongqing , Kang Yu , Shao Shuxun , Kiszelák Katalin , Jókai Zsuzsa , Dernovics Mihály
Published: October 2020

Low molecular weight selenium containing metabolites in the leaves of the selenium hyperaccumulator Cardamine violifolia (261 mg total Se per kg d.w.) were targeted in this study. One dimensional cation exchange chromatography coupled to ICP-MS was used for purification and fractionation purposes prior to LC-Unispray-QTOF-MS analysis. The search for selenium species in full scan spectra was assisted with an automated mass defect based filtering approach. Besides selenocystathionine, selenohomocystine and its polyselenide derivative, a total number of 35 water soluble selenium metabolites other than selenolanthionine were encountered, including 30 previously unreported compounds. High occurrence of selenium containing hexoses was observed, together with the first assignment of N-glycoside derivatives of selenolanthionine. Quantification of the most abundant selenium species, selenolanthionine, was carried out with an ion pairing LC – post column isotope dilution ICP-MS setup, which revealed that this selenoamino acid accounted for 30% of the total selenium content of the leaf (78 mg (as Se) per kg d.w.).
Dual-gated mono–bilayer graphene junctions
Authors: Du Mingde , Du Luojun , Wei Nan , Liu Wei , Bai Xueyin , Sun Zhipei
Published: October 2020

Dual-gated mono–bilayer graphene junctions are built, and gate tunable asymmetric transport properties are observed.
Designing single trigger/dual-response release and degradation into amine-functional hyperbranched-polydendron nanoprecipitates
Authors: Rogers Hannah E. , Chambon Pierre , Flynn Sean , Hern Faye Y. , Owen Andrew , Rannard Steve P.
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of complex polymer architectures using relatively facile experimental protocols provides access to materials with the opportunity to control functionality and physical behaviour.
Synthesis of cationic acrylate copolyvidone-iodine nanoparticles with double active centers and their antibacterial application
Authors: Li Xuemei , Wang Bin , Liang Tingyu , Wang Rongmin , Song Pengfei , He Yufeng
Published: October 2020

Antibacterial materials are rapidly emerging as a primary component in the mitigation of bacterial pathogens, and functional polymers play a vital role in the preparation of antibacterial coatings.
A rational study on the geometric and electronic properties of single-atom catalysts for enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Xue Qi , Xie Yi , Wu Simson , Wu Tai-Sing , Soo Yun-Liang , Day Sarah , Tang Chiu C. , Man Ho W. , Yuen Sha T. , Wong Kwok-yin , Wang Ying , Lo Benedict T. W. , Tsang Shik C. E.
Published: October 2020

We investigate the geometric and electronic properties of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR).
A parallel and cascade control system: magnetofection of miR125b for synergistic tumor-association macrophage polarization regulation and tumor cell suppression in breast cancer treatment
Authors: Hu Ao , Chen Xiaobing , Bi Qunjie , Xiang Yang , Jin Rongrong , Ai Hua , Nie Yu
Published: October 2020

A parallel and cascade controllable magnetofection system for synergistic tumor-association macrophage repolarization and tumor cell suppression in breast cancer treatment.
Observation of coupled mechanical resonance modes within suspended 3D nanowire arrays
Authors: Kilinc Yasin , Karakan M. Çagatay , Leblebici Yusuf , Hanay M. Selim , Alaca B. Erdem
Published: October 2020

Collective modes are observed in vertically stacked arrays of nanowires suspended between couplers with the coupling strength controlled through the lithographic definition of coupler stiffness.
Towards future physics and applications via two-dimensional material NEMS resonators
Authors: Yildirim Tanju , Zhang Linglong , Neupane Guru Prakash , Chen Songsong , Zhang Jiawei , Yan Han , Hasan Md Mehedi , Yoshikawa Genki , Lu Yuerui
Published: October 2020

Two-dimensional materials (2Dm) offer a unique insight into the world of quantum mechanics including van der Waals (vdWs) interactions, exciton dynamics and various other nanoscale phenomena.
One-step synthesis of Ni(OH)2/MWCNT nanocomposites for constructing a nonenzymatic hydroquinone/O2fuel cell
Authors: Wu Yuan , Yang Xiaonan , Liu Shuhui , Xing Yonglei , Peng Juan , Peng Yage , Ni Gang , Jin Xiaoyong
Published: October 2020

In this work, a H-type hydroquinone/O2fuel cell was assembled and shows high energy density in neutral phosphate buffer solution at moderate temperature.
Structural characterization of ginseng oligopeptides and anti-aging potency evaluation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Luo Qiang , Liu Jie , Wang Huailing , Zhou Yi , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2020

The functions of ginseng polysaccharide have been widely explored, yet, the antiaging activity of ginseng oligopeptides (GOPs) has not been well explored.
Probing the stoichiometry dependent catalytic activity of nickel selenide counter electrodes in the redox reaction of iodide/triiodide electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Airo Mildred A. , Otieno Francis , Mxakaza Lineo , Ipadeola Adewale , Kadzutu-Sithole Rudo S. , Machogo-Phao Lerato F. E. , Billing Caren , Moloto Makwena , Moloto Nosipho
Published: October 2020

Nickel selenide (NixSey) systems have received much attention in recent years as potential low cost counter electrodes (CEs) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
A facile metal-free one-pot synthesis of 3-aminoisoquinolines by intramolecular transannulation of 1-sulfonyl-4-(2-aminomethylphenyl)-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Shang Hai , Li Ling-Yu , Tian Yu , Jia Hong-Mei , Zou Zhong-Mei
Published: October 2020

An efficient method for the construction of 3-aminoisoquinolines through a metal-free one-pot intramolecular transannulation of 1-sulfonyl-4-(2-aminomethylphenyl)-1,2,3-triazoles has been developed.
Time-resolved characteristics of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on non-flat samples by single beam splitting
Authors: Lei Bingying , Xu Boping , Wang Jing , Li Jing , Wang Yishan , Tang Jie , Zhao Wei , Duan Yixiang
Published: October 2020

A single-beam-splitting approach was used to enhance the signal intensity of LIBS under the extreme condition of a laser beam grazing the surface of non-flat samples. We investigated the time-resolved characteristics of laser-induced plasma under single- and split beam modes.
Metal-based catalysts for the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to light olefins
Authors: Liu Sibao , Zhang Bofeng , Liu Guozhu
Published: October 2020

This review provides an overview of metal-based catalysts, including Pt-, Pd-, Rh- and Ni-based bimetallic catalysts for non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to olefins.
Template-assisted design of monomeric polyQ models to unravel the unique role of glutamine side chains in disease-related aggregation
Authors: Siu Ho-Wah , Heck Benjamin , Kovermann Michael , Hauser Karin
Published: October 2020

PolyQ model peptides reveal the effect of individual glutamine side chains on fibril formation.
Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility of magnetic nanoparticles in a polymer solution: a simulation study
Authors: Kreissl Patrick , Holm Christian , Weeber Rudolf
Published: October 2020

We show that hydrodynamic coupling alone can shift the magnetic AC susceptibility spectra of magnetic nanoparticles in a polymer suspension.
Branched conjugated polymers for fast capacitive storage of sodium ions
Authors: Xu Shuaifei , Li Hongyang , Chen Yuan , Wu Yanchao , Jiang Cheng , Wang Erjing , Wang Chengliang
Published: October 2020

Branched conjugated polymers showed faster capacitive storage of sodium ions than the linear conjugated polymers with similar constructing units.
Stable complete seawater electrolysis by using interfacial chloride ion blocking layer on catalyst surface
Authors: Jadhav Amol R. , Kumar Ashwani , Lee Jinju , Yang Taehun , Na Siyoung , Lee Jinsun , Luo Yongguang , Liu Xinghui , Hwang Yosep , Liu Yang , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: October 2020

A multilayered GO@Fe@Ni–Co@NF electrode is developed, which works effectively for selective overall alkaline seawater splitting at industrial current density (1 A cm−2) with exceptional stability for more than 380 h.
Plasmon-stimulated biophotovoltaic cells based on thylakoid–AuNR conjugates
Authors: Kim Yong Jae , Moon Gwiyeong , Hong Hyeonaug , Yun JaeHyoung , Kim Seon Il , Chae Youngcheol , Kim Donghyun , Ryu WonHyoung
Published: October 2020

Enhanced photosynthetic current and improved bio-photovoltaic cells are demonstrated using plasmon resonance energy transfer of plasmon nanoparticle-conjugated thylakoid membranes.
An advanced and applicable heat-resistant explosive through controllable regiochemical modulation
Authors: Yan Tingou , Yang Hongwei , Yang Chen , Yi Zhenxin , Zhu Shunguan , Cheng Guangbin
Published: October 2020

Reducing the steric hindrance between energetic moieties through reasonable regiochemical modulation leads to an advanced heat-resistant explosive 5,5′-bis(3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H,1′H-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazole) (BDBT-2).
Controlled radical polymerization of hydrophilic and zwitterionic brush-like polymers from silk fibroin surfaces
Authors: Heichel Danielle L. , Vy Ngoc Chau H. , Ward Shawn P. , Adamson Douglas H. , Burke Kelly A.
Published: October 2020

Silk fibroin films were modified with zwitterionic and hydrophilic brush-like polymersviasurface-initiated ATRP, resulting in surfaces that reduced protein adsorption and cell attachment.
A carbazole functionalized semiconducting compound as a heavy atom free photosensitizer for phototherapy against lung cancer
Authors: Deng Jun , Zhong Ning , Zhang Xiaochuan , Li Chang , Xu Chun , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2020

Semiconducting compounds with high photostability and excellent photothermal ability are potential candidates for phototheranostics.
Enhanced ambipolar charge transport for efficient organic single crystal light-emitting transistors with a narrowed ambipolar regime
Authors: Zhou Ke , Liu Jie , Dong Huanli , Ding Shang , Zhen Yonggang , Shi Yumeng , Hu Wenping
Published: October 2020

An efficient ambipolar OLET was constructed based on a high-mobility emissive 2,6-diphenylanthracene semiconductor via energy-level engineering, giving a narrowed ambipolar regime with strong light emission.
Side chain independent photovoltaic performance of thienopyrroledione conjugated donor–acceptor polymers
Authors: Advincula Abigail A. , Pelse Ian , Reynolds John R.
Published: October 2020

This work highlights a unique TPD-based donor polymer system which exhibits robust photovoltaic tolerance regardless of acceptor unit side chain, presenting a distinct avenue for polymer structure and BHJ morphology manipulation.
Tobin Marks’ 75th birthday. A celebration of a career devoted to materials chemistry
Authors: Facchetti Antonio , Huang Hui , Yan He , Ponce Ortiz Rocio
Published: October 2020

Guest editors Antonio Facchetti, Hui Huang, He Yan and Rocio Ponce Ortiz introduce this Journal of Materials Chemistry C issue commemorating the 75th birthday of Professor Tobin Marks.
Immune-related miRNA signature identifies prognosis and immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Ma Bo , Li Hui , Qiao Jia , Meng Tao , Yu Riyue
Published: October 2020

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is recognised as an immune active cancer, but little is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in it. In the present study, we aim to determine a prognostic and immune-related miRNAs signature (IRMS) in HNSCC.

Methods: Spearman correlation analysis was used to screen out prognostic immune-related miRNAs based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to establish IRMS in HNSCC. Then, the influence of the IRMS on HNSCC was comprehensively analysed.

Results: We obtained 11 prognostic immune-related miRNAs based on ssGSEA. Then an IRMS integrated with six miRNAs was established through LASSO Cox regression analysis. The stratification survival analysis indicated that IRMS was independent from other characteristics and performed favourably in the overall survival (OS) prediction. The function annotation suggested that IRMS was highly associated with the immune-related response biological processes and pathways which are so important for tumorigenesis of HNSCC. Moreover, the nomogram demonstrated that our model was identified as an independent prognostic factor. In addition, we found that IRMS was significantly correlated with the immune infiltration and expression of critical immune checkpoints, indicating that the poor prognosis might be caused partly by immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Conclusion: We established a novel IRMS, which exhibited a potent prognostic value and could be representative of immune status in HNSCC.
One Biosecurity: a unified concept to integrate human, animal, plant, and environmental health
Authors: Hulme Philip E.
Published: October 2020

In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the world has woken up to the importance of biosecurity and the need to manage international borders. Yet strong sectorial identities exist within biosecurity that are associated with specific international standards, individual economic interests, specific research communities, and unique stakeholder involvement. Despite considerable research addressing human, animal, plant, and environmental health, the science connections between these sectors remain quite limited. One Biosecurity aims to address these limitations at global, national, and local scales. It is an interdisciplinary approach to biosecurity policy and research that builds on the interconnections between human, animal, plant, and environmental health to effectively prevent and mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species. It provides an integrated perspective to address the many biosecurity risks that transcend the traditional boundaries of health, agriculture, and the environment. Individual invasive alien plant and animal species often have multiple impacts across sectors: as hosts of zoonotic parasites, vectors of pathogens, pests of agriculture or forestry, as well as threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function. It is time these risks were addressed in a systematic way. One Biosecurity is essential to address several major sociological and environmental challenges to biosecurity: climate change, increasing urbanisation, agricultural intensification, human global mobility, loss of technical capability as well as public resistance to pesticides and vaccines. One Biosecurity will require the bringing together of taxonomists, population biologists, modellers, economists, chemists, engineers, and social scientists to engage in a new agenda that is shaped by politics, legislation, and public perceptions.
Optimal I‐PD controller design for setpoint tracking of integrating processes with time delay
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim , Peker Fuat
Published: October 2020

Processes including one or more integrators in their transfer functions can frequently be encountered in industry. In this study, integral–proportional–derivative (I‐PD) controllers are proposed to control these type of processes. Analytical and optimal tuning rules are derived to tune the I‐PD controllers for setpoint tracking of integrating plus first order plus dead time (IFOPDT) processes and double IFOPDT processes. Optimal tuning rules for setpoint tracking are achieved by minimising time moment weighted integral performance criteria. Obtained I‐PD tuning formulas are in terms of process’ transfer function parameters, namely the gain, time delay and time constant. Simulation examples are given to demonstrate the use of the proposed method. Comparisons are provided to show the superior closed‐loop performance of the proposed approach than existing proportional–integral–derivative and I‐PD controller designing methods. In addition, the practical implementation of the proposed designing method is presented by controlling the position of a cart on an experimental setup.
Block sparse representation approach to 2D DOA and polarisation estimation of wideband signals using a sparse vector antenna array
Authors: Shi Shuli , Xu Yougen , Liu Zhiwen
Published: October 2020

In this study, a multi‐polarised two‐dimensional (2D) planar array of sparsely located vector antennas (VAs) is designed for the block sparse representation (SR)‐based 2D direction finding and polarisation parameter estimation of wideband signals. In order to alleviate the inter‐VA mutual coupling effect, the minimum inter‐VA spacing of the 2D sparse array is constrained to be no less than one wavelength that corresponds to the highest signal frequency. To reduce the computational complexity of parameter estimation, the 2D block SR model for the 2D difference coarray output at a certain frequency bin is established, under which the two direction cosine terms for 2D direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation are decoupled with the polarimetric terms. This enables separated but simultaneous 2D direction finding and polarisation parameter estimation with the newly developed joint 2D block orthogonal matching pursuit (Joint‐2D‐BOMP) subband fused sparse recovery algorithm. Moreover, with the use of two spatial only (polarisation independent) over‐complete dictionaries, the representation dimension of the new 2D block SR model is greatly reduced as compared with the traditional space‐polarisation joint SR model. The efficacy of the presented VA array geometry and the associated parameter estimation method is validated by computer simulations.
Target detection using features for sonar images
Authors: Tueller Peter , Kastner Ryan , Diamant Roee
Published: October 2020

Robust object detection in sonar images is an important task for underwater exploration, navigation and mapping. Current methods make assumptions about the shape, highlight or shadow of an object, which may be invalid for some environments or targets. We focus on the area of feature extraction‐based detection, which does not rely on information about the shape of the target, towards a robust framework for target detection for a variety of seabed structures and target types. The proposed framework first estimates the seabed type from the spatial distribution of features to determine the set of optimal parameters, and then obtains a set of features which are filtered according to intensity and distribution to yield a detection decision. The proposed method also provides a means to determine the seabed type, and a machine‐learning based methodology to choose the feature detectors' parameters to match the evaluated seabed type. We report the performance of a variety of feature detectors for a simulated environment and of one feature detector for real sonar images. Results show the importance of choosing the parameters of the feature extractors based on the current environmental conditions and the proposed method obtains a favourable tradeoff between detection and false alarm rates.
Impact of nonlinear surface inflows into activity belts on the solar dynamo
Authors: Nagy Melinda , Lemerle Alexandre , Charbonneau Paul
Published: October 2020

We examine the impact of surface inflows into activity belts on the operation of solar cycle models based on the Babcock–Leighton mechanism of poloidal field regeneration. Towards this end we introduce in the solar cycle model of Lemerle & Charbonneau (2017.ApJ834: 133) a magnetic flux-dependent variation of the surface meridional flow based on the axisymmetric inflow parameterization developped by Jiang et al. (2010.ApJ717: 597). The inflow dependence on emerging magnetic flux thus introduces abona fidenonlinear backreaction mechanism in the dynamo loop. For solar-like inflow speeds, our simulation results indicate a decrease of 10–20% in the strength of the global dipole building up at the end of an activity cycle, in agreement with earlier simulations based on linear surface flux transport models. Our simulations also indicate a significant stabilizing effect on cycle characteristics, in that individual cycle amplitudes in simulations including inflows show less scatter about their mean than in the absence of inflows. Our simulations also demonstrate an enhancement of cross-hemispheric coupling, leading to a significant decrease in hemispheric cycle amplitude asymmetries and temporal lag in hemispheric cycle onset. Analysis of temporally extended simulations also indicate that the presence of inflows increases the probability of cycle shutdown following an unfavorable sequence of emergence events. This results ultimately from the lower threshold nonlinearity built into our solar cycle model, and presumably operating in the sun as well.
„… das klassische Problem ist zu sagen, man ist ja jetzt palliativ“ – Versorgung am Lebensende an den Schnittstellen zur hausärztlichen Versorgung in ländlich geprägten Regionen – eine qualitative multiperspektivische Studie
Authors: Schrader Sophie , van Baal Katharina , Schleef Tanja , Schneider Nils , Afshar Kambiz , Müller-Mundt Gabriele
Published: October 2020

Ziel der Studie Exploration der palliativen Versorgung am Lebensende in zwei ländlich geprägten Landkreisen Niedersachsens.

Methodik Qualitative Interviews mit Expert*innen der regionalen Palliativversorgung (z. B. Mitarbeiter*innen von Hospizen, spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativdiensten, Palliativstationen) an den Schnittstellen zur hausärztlichen Versorgung wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Interviewt wurden 28 Expert*innen (75 % weiblich). Sie betonten vier Aspekte: Um die Begleitung am Lebensende zu sichern, gilt es 1) dem Mangel an Hausärzt*innen und Pflegefachpersonen zu begegnen, 2) die an der Versorgung beteiligten Professionen für palliative Bedürfnisse und den Bedarf zu sensibilisieren, um Maßnahmen frühzeitig einzuleiten, und 3) die Aufklärung und Information von Patient*innen und Angehörigen über eine palliative Versorgung zu verbessern, sowie 4) die Vernetzung und Kooperation der an der Palliativversorgung beteiligten Professionen zu stärken.

Schlussfolgerung Die Versorgung am Lebensende ist eng mit der Sicherstellung der hausärztlichen und pflegerischen Versorgung verknüpft. In der allgemeinen Palliativversorgung ist die frühzeitige Identifikation palliativer Bedürfnisse und des Bedarfs zentral.
Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Sohail
Published: October 2020

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation.

Materials and Methods For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth’s curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20–40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz).

Results Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively.

Conclusions The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.
Effect of Different Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Novel Nanohybrid Resin Composites
Authors: Soliman Hanan A. N. , Elkholany Naglaa Rizk , Hamama Hamdi H. , EL-Sharkawy Fatma M. , Mahmoud Salah H. , Comisi John C.
Published: October 2020

Objectives To evaluate the surface roughness and gloss of three nanohybrid resin composites after polishing with three different polishing systems.

Materials and Methods A total number of 112 disc specimens (10 × 3 mm) were prepared from nanohybrid—Empress Direct (ID), Grandio (GR), Filtek Z350 (Z350) and a microhybrid resin composite restorative materials—Filtek Z250 (Z250). Following 24-hour storage in 37°C distilled water, each composite group (n = 28) was assigned into four groups (n = 7) according to finishing/polishing (F/P) system: Mylar strip, Optrapol, Politip, and Sof-Lex (SL). The surface roughness (Ra, mm) was measured by a novel three-dimensional method using an image analysis software attached to an environmental scanning electron microscope. A glossometer was used to measure the surface gloss.

Results Statistical analysis used was ANOVA test. Two-way Anova test revealed that the “type of composite” and “F/P techniques” had a significant effect on both surface roughness and gloss of the tested resin composite materials (p < 0.05). Tukey’s post hoc test showed that ID, GR, and Z350 revealed lower surface roughness and higher surface gloss than Z250 within the same polishing system (p < 0.05). Sof-Lex polishing discs produced the lowest surface roughness and highest surface gloss values compared with Optrapol and Politip (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The tested F/P systems provided comparable surface roughness and gloss for nanohybrid composites. The Sof-Lex system provided the best surface roughness and gloss for nanohybrid composites.
An Academic Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital Provides the Shortest Operative Times within a Single Health System for Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bernstein Jenna A. , Zak Stephen , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua C.
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to optimize value-based health care practices in total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and we need to understand how the surgical setting can influence efficiency of care. While this has previously been investigated, the purpose of this study was to clarify if these findings are generalizable to an institution with an orthopaedic specialty hospital. A retrospective review was conducted of 6,913 patients who underwent primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at one of four hospitals within a single, urban, and academic health system: a high volume academic (HVA) hospital, a low volume academic (LVA) hospital, a high volume community (HVC) hospital, or a low volume community (LVC) hospital. Patient demographics were collected in an arthroplasty database, as were operating room (OR) times and several specific time points during the surgery. The HVA (orthopaedic specialty) hospital had the shortest total primary TKA OR times and the LVC that had the longest times (156.69 vs. 174.68, p < 0.0001). The HVA hospital had the shortest total revision TKA OR times, and the LVC had the longest times (158.20 vs. 184.95, p < 0.0001). In our health system, the HVA orthoapedic specialty hospital had the shortest overall OR time, even when compared with the HVC hospital. This is in contradistinction to prior findings that HVC institutions had the shortest OR times in a health system that did not have an orthopaedic specialty hospital. This provides evidence that an orthopaedic specialty hospital can be a model for efficient care, even at an academic teaching institution.
Postoperative Management for Articular Cartilage Surgery in the Knee
Authors: Crecelius Cory R. , Van Landuyt Karra J. , Schaal Robert
Published: October 2020

The postoperative rehabilitation team plays a crucial role in optimizing outcomes after articular cartilage surgery. A comprehensive approach to postoperative physical therapy that considers the type of surgery, location in the knee, concurrent procedures, and patient-specific factors is imperative. While postoperative rehabilitation protocols should be specific to the patient and type of surgery performed and include phased rehabilitation goals and activities, the key principles for postoperative rehabilitation apply across the spectrum of articular cartilage surgeries and patients. These key principles consist of preoperative assessments that include physical, mental, and behavioral components critical to recovery; education and counseling with respect to expectations and compliance; and careful monitoring and adjustments throughout the rehabilitation period based on consistent communication among rehabilitation, surgical, and imaging teams to ensure strict patient compliance with restrictions, activities, and timelines to optimize functional outcomes after surgery.
The Effects of Applying Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Parameters on the Differentiation between Fourth Ventricular Ependymoma and Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Duc Nguyen Minh
Published: October 2020

Distinguishing the fourth ventricular ependymoma from diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is essential to improve the treatment strategy between these two tumor types. We attempted to evaluate the effects of applying apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to the distinction between pediatric fourth ventricular ependymomas and DIPGs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC, was assessed in 26 patients, who were divided into two groups: group 1 included 8 patients with fourth ventricular ependymoma and group 2 included 18 patients with DIPG. The Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to compare tumoral maximum (ADCmax), minimum ADC (ADCmin), mean ADC (ADCmean), and standard deviation (ADCsd) values, and the ratios between the tumor and parenchyma values for each of these parameters (rADCmax, rADCmin, rADCmean, and rADCsd, respectively) between the two groups. Cutoff values were calculated based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the Youden index, and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were determined. The median ADCmax, ADCmin, ADCmean, rADCmax, rADCmin, and rADCmean values were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.05). For the differential diagnosis of ependymomas and DIPGs, a cutoff ADCmean value of 1.02 × 10−3 mm2/s was determined, which produced a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 88.9%, and an AUC of 95.8%. ADC parameters should be considered when performing a differential diagnosis between fourth ventricular ependymomas and DIPGs. Based on our findings, a cutoff ADCmean value of 1.02 × 10−3 mm2/s was the most significant and effective parameter for this purpose.
Vortex electron generated by microwave photon with orbital angular momentum in a magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xu Pengfei , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: October 2020

With semi-quantum theory, we quantitatively deduce microwave photons radiated from the moving electrons in a magnetic field, as well as the interaction of transmitted microwave photons with the vortex electrons in the magnetic field. It shows that the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) transition between microwave photons and vortex electrons in the magnetic field occurs when the relativistic effect is considered. This work indicates an effective way to transfer OAM between microwave photons and vortex electrons theoretically. By the OAM microwave photon resonance absorption, different vortex electrons with radial and magnetic quantum numbers can be generated. Furthermore, vortex electrons can be detected to analyze the OAM carried by microwave photons.
Bioelectronics with graphene nanostructures
Authors: San Roman Daniel , Garg Raghav , Cohen-Karni Tzahi
Published: October 2020

Bioelectronic devices enable fundamental physiological and electrophysiological research, healthcare monitoring, and advanced therapeutics. To meet the demanding device requirements imposed by biomedical applications, graphene-based electronics offer a promising alternative to conventional bioelectronic device materials in an all-carbon platform. Continued advancements in graphene nanostructure synthesis and micro-fabrication techniques allow novel device architectures with vastly tunable physiochemical properties. Here, we highlight recent advances in graphene nanostructure-based bioelectronics. We distinguish between various material geometries and discuss their effect on device performance. Furthermore, we emphasize the continued development of fundamental relationships between 3D device geometries and material properties to allow next-generation bioelectronics for biosensing, electrophysiological recordings, and stimulation.
Bacterial biomechanics—From individual behaviors to biofilm and the gut flora
Authors: Ishikawa Takuji , Omori Toshihiro , Kikuchi Kenji
Published: October 2020

Bacteria inhabit a variety of locations and play important roles in the environment and health. Our understanding of bacterial biomechanics has improved markedly in the last decade and has revealed that biomechanics play a significant role in microbial biology. The obtained knowledge has enabled investigation of complex phenomena, such as biofilm formation and the dynamics of the gut flora. A bottom-up strategy, i.e., from the cellular to the macroscale, facilitates understanding of macroscopic bacterial phenomena. In this Review, we first cover the biomechanics of individual bacteria in the bulk liquid and on surfaces as the base of complex phenomena. The collective behaviors of bacteria in simple environments are next introduced. We then introduce recent advances in biofilm biomechanics, in which adhesion force and the flow environment play crucial roles. We also review transport phenomena in the intestine and the dynamics of the gut flora, focusing on that in zebrafish. Finally, we provide an overview of the future prospects for the field.