bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of Electronic Worksheet (E-LKPD) Based on PBL Model to Train Creative Thinking Skills on Acid-Base Material
Authors: Ainiah Errisya Nur , Yonata Bertha
Published: January 2025

Creative thinking skills are important to train students to face the challenges of the 21st century and include higher order thinking skills. In addition, the independent curriculum provides freedom to think and innovate in learning. Therefore, one of the efforts to train creative thinking skills is to use relevant learning media, namely E-LKPD based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The purpose of this research is to produce PBL-based E-LKPD to train the creative thinking skills of grade XI students on acid-base material that is feasible to use, in terms of validity.  This research model is guided by Thiagarajan's 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). However, the research only reached the development stage (Develop) to determine the validity of the product because there were limitations in time, funds, and energy. Validation was conducted by 3 validators to measure the content and construct validity of the developed E-LKPD. The results showed that the validity of the E-LKPD was considered valid based on the median score of content validity of 4 with a valid category and construct validity of 5 with a very valid category.
Effect of Brix Concentration and pH of Molassses Media on Ethanol Yield in The Fermentation Process at PT. Indo Acidatama. Tbk
Authors: Hutapea Henny Parida , Ahmadi Panji
Published: January 2025

PT. Indo Acidatama Tbk. is a company that produces ethanol. Ethanol is produced by fermentation using molasses derived from sugar processing waste. To get the optimal ethanol content, it can be determined from the yield produced, it is necessary to have effectiveness in the fermentation process. In this experiment, the fermentation process was carried out with variations in molasses concentration and pH. The aim was to determine the combination of brix concentration and molasses pH in producing the most effective ethanol yield. The concentration of molasses used was 16 obrix, 20 obrix and 24 obrix. While the pH used was 4, 5 and 6. In the determination of the ethanol content, the separation was carried out by a distillation process, then the distilled ethanol was tested using a spindle alcoholmeter and a chromatographic test was carried out using a Gas Chromatography type 6890N. After getting the ethanol content, the next step is to determine the yield by using the alcohol content calculation. The results of the chromatography test obtained samples of 24 obrix variations and pH 4, getting the highest concentration, which was 3.05%. From the calculation of alcohol content, the sample variation of 16 obrix and pH 5 got the highest yield value, with an average of 26.74. From the results of the Two-Way ANOVA calculation, it was found that obrix and pH had a significant effect on ethanol yield.
Development of Video Tutorials for Simple Distillation Tools for Making Essential Oils in Junior High Chemistry Course
Authors: Listra Irene Yudea , Hairida Hairida , Rasmawan Rahmat , Enawaty Eny , Masriani Masriani
Published: January 2025

This study aims to develop a video tutorial for simple distillation equipment for making essential oils that is suitable for use in junior high school chemistry courses. The research is a development research using the Design Thinking approach. The Design Thinking approach includes five steps, namely: empathic, definition, idea, prototype, and test. The instruments used in this study are student response questionnaires and validity on video tutorials for simple distillation equipment for making essential oils. The results of validation and student response to the video were analyzed using a Guttman scale and obtained a percentage of validation of the feasibility of media design 100% with a very valid category, articulation and intonation 100% with a very valid category, operation 100% with a very valid category, and suitability of material with sub-CPMK 100% with a very valid category. The percentage in the response test, namely the media display indicator 96.8% with a very good category, 100% operation with a very good category, and 98.95% usefulness with a very good category. Thus it can be concluded that the results of the analysis of video tutorial development are worth testing in the learning process.
The Effect of Virtual Laboratory on Students' Computational Thinking on Half-Life Concepts
Authors: Mashami Ratna Azizah , Ahmadi Ahmadi , Hatimah Husnul
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of virtual laboratories on enhancing students' computational thinking skills, focusing on the half-life concept in radiochemistry. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model was employed. Thirteen students enrolled in a Radiochemistry course participated in the study. The intervention involved the use of PhET simulations as a virtual laboratory, designed to facilitate a structured and interactive learning environment. Pretest and posttest assessments were conducted to measure the students' computational thinking skills. The results showed significant improvement in computational thinking post-intervention, with notable gains in decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design. Statistical analysis using paired-sample t-test and normalized gain scores confirmed the effectiveness of the virtual laboratory in enhancing these skills. The study concludes that virtual laboratories, such as PhET simulations, are effective in developing computational thinking abilities, providing a valuable tool for modern educational practices. These findings suggest that integrating virtual laboratories into the curriculum can significantly improve students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills, preparing them for future academic and professional challenges.
The Relationship between Drinking Water Consumption, Nutritional Status and Workload with The Incidence of Heat Strain in Tofu-Making Workers in West Kekalik Sub-District
Authors: Ayu Baiq Fathin , Kardi Kardi , Wanda Janur
Published: January 2025

Various cases of accidents and occupational diseases, as well as other health problems are often caused by unqualified work environment factors, Workers in a hot environment are one of the causes of workers experiencing occupational diseases. Heat strain is an acute or chronic impact caused by exposure to heat stress experienced by a person from physical and mental aspects. The physical impact caused by heat strain ranges from mild complaints such as skin rashes to fainting to life-threatening situations when there is a cessation of sweating and heat stroke. Tofu making is one of the hot working environments. This study uses a quantitative method with a sampling technique using a purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study is 44 tofu makers. The data collection technique uses questionnaires and pulse measurement. Data analysis uses the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that there was a relationship between drinking water consumption and heat strain activity with a value (p = 0.000), there was no relationship between BMI (p = 0.113) and there was a relationship between workload and heat strain incidence (p = 0.000) and heat strain complaints in tofu factory workers. It is expected that workers consume >11 glasses of drinking water and use clothes that can reflect heat such as wearing thin clothes, wearing loose shirts and easily absorbing sweat.
Development of LKPD Based on Project Based Learning Stoichiometry Material by Utilizing Organic Waste for Phase F SMA/MA
Authors: Rahmad Nafisah Yulia , Suryani Okta
Published: January 2025

The project-based learning model is one of the learning models that supports the application of concepts in everyday life. From the results of the questionnaire given, Project Based Learning-based LKPD is needed and it is very important to compile Project Based Learning-based stoichiometry LKPD in supporting learning in the era of an independent curriculum. The type of research used is development research or Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp development model by Tjeerd Plomp. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 4 Padang with research subjects namely 3 Chemistry Lecturers FMIPA UNP, 2 SMA Negeri 4 Padang teachers and 9 students of class XI SMA Negeri 4 Padang. The object of research is LKPD based on project-based learning on stoichiometry material by utilizing organic waste for phase F SMA / MA. In terms of research, Plomp as a development study has 3 main stages, namely the initial research stage, the prototype formation stage, and the assessment stage. The results showed that all aspects assessed in each component of the validation of project-based learning-based LKPD on stoichiometry material by utilizing organic waste for phase F SMA / MA obtained an average V value of 0.92 with a valid category. The results are very practical for teachers with an average practicality of 91% and practicality for students is very practical with an average practicality of 89%. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the development of LKPD based on project-based learning on stoichiometric material by utilizing organic waste for phase F SMA / MA was developed valid and practical.
Implementation of Problem-Solving Learning Model to Improve Problem-Solving Skills of MAN 1 Kota Gorontalo Students
Authors: Pikoli Masrid , Amu Siti Fadila Muhtar , Suleman Nita
Published: January 2025

This study aims to improve problem-solving skills in thermochemistry material for 11th Grade MIPA (Mathematics and Natural Science) 2 class of MAN (Islamic Senior High School) 1 Kota Gorontalo students. This study is a class action research conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study were all students of 11th Grade MIPA 2 class of MAN 1 Kota Gorontalo, which amounted to 40 students.  Data collection methode include tests and observations, while data analysis involves qualitative descriptive study. Data was obtained from the test results of students' problem-solving skills and the result of observing teacher and student activities through observation sheets. The results show that problem-solving learning model can improve students' problem solving skills, where the ability to understand the problem from 72% in Cycle I increased to 90.8% in Cycle II. The ability to plan problem-solving increased from 73.5% in Cycle I to 87.7% in Cycle II. The ability to execute the plan increased from 69.8% to 86.6% in cycle II, while the ability to rechek increased from 57.5% in Cycle I to 77.7% in Cycle II. Then, teacher activity increased from 65.71% in Cycle I to 85.71% in Cycle II. Moreover, student activity increased from 61.62% in Cycle I to 80.12% in Cycle II.
Analysis of Students' Ability to Solve Higher Order Thinking Skill Questions on Reaction Rate Materials in 11th Grade of MAN 1 Pontianak
Authors: Lestari Indah , Enawati Eny , Ulfah Maria , Hairida Hairida , Erlina Erlina
Published: January 2025

High Order Thinking Skill is one of the most important skills in the 21st century. This study aims to describe the ability of students to solve Highter Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions in the reaction rate material in class XII MAN 1 Pontianak. The HOTS indicator in this study is the ability to analyze (C4). The method used in this study is descriptive. The subject of the study is 11th Grade students of MAN 1 Pontianak for the 2023/2024 school year consisting of 37 students. The instruments used are HOTS question sheets on validated reaction rate materials and interview guidelines. The results of this study show that there are 2.7% of students with high ability and meet the criteria for analysis, 13.5% of students with medium ability and are able to analyze problems but there are still mistakes, and 83.7% of students with low ability are 83.7%.
Meta Analysis: The Effect of Project-based Learning on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Chemistry Learning
Authors: Desyafrianti Vanny , Aini Faizah Qurrata
Published: January 2025

One of instructional model which can be implemented in Merdeka Curriculum is Project-based Learning (PjBL). In this model, students design a project based on their contextual understanding, thus having an impact on learning outcomes especially in knowledges aspect. Using meta-analysis with PRISMA method, researchers have traced various research articles and proceedings from 2020 to 2024 by using Publish or Perish with the keywords “project-based learning”, “learning outcomes”, “chemistry”, “pjbl”, “hasil belajar”, “kimia”. There are 200 articles found, after going through several stages there are seven articles that are the subject of this research. By calculating the effect size value of each study, the average effect size result was 1.1825 which was included in the high category. For summary that, the Project-based Learning model has an affect on student learning outcomes in chemistry learning, especially on the topics of acids and bases, colloids, chemical equilibrium, chemical bonds, solutions and thermochemistry.
Cytotoxic Potensial and Molecular Docking of Essential Oil Piper Aduncum Flowers Against Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Rahmadani Indah , Efdi Mai , Suryati Suryati
Published: January 2025

Piper aduncum L., commonly known as spiked pepper, is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases due to its diverse, active compounds. This article investigates the chemical composition, cytotoxic bioactivity in vitro and the silico of the essential oil (EO) from the flowers of Piper aduncum collected in Padang City, Indonesia. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the EO was assessed against cervical cancer (HeLa cancer cell line) using the MTT assay and further explored through molecular docking approaches. The main constituent of the essential oil from the flowers was dillapiol (31.68%). The LC50 and IC50 values were 31.3471 µg/mL and 65.83 µg/mL, respectively. Computational screening was performed to observe the interactions between active compounds and proteins AKT and ERK2 using molecular docking. AKT and ERK2 act as critical regulators in the PI3K/Akt and ERK/MEK signaling pathways and are potential drug targets for cancer therapy. The compounds used complied with ADMET analysis and toxicity profile. However, it is noteworthy that there have been no previous reports on the essential oil from Piper aduncum flowers from Padang City specifically targeting cervical cancer, which molecular docking studies have complemented. The results suggest that the essential oil from the flowers of Piper aduncum can be further studied as a potential lead in drug discovery for cervical cancer.
Analysis Antioxidant of Fractions Cocoa Beans (Theobroma Cacao L.) as Potential Herbal Medicine
Authors: Wibawa Agung Ari Chandra , Pramitha Dewa Ayu Ika , Sanjiwani Ni Made Sukma , Adrianta Ketut Agus
Published: January 2025

The cocoa seeds of the Gumbrih-Bali region are a natural commodity with great potential for development or processing by local communities. The purpose of this research is to provide information about the antioxidant potential contained in cocoa seeds. Testing the antioxidant capacity in this study uses the Uv-Vis spectrophotometry method at 517 nm wavelengths. Free radical scavanger is measured with control absorption and samples was analyzed with regression curve. The research results proved that the antioxidant (AAI) in the n-butanol fraction show result very strong ability of 4.64 compared to the 0.42 ethyl acetate fraction and 0.46 n-hexane fraction. These results prove that the potential chemical content of cocoa seeds is high in polar solvents (n-butanol fractions) such as flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, this research will be used as a basis for developing natural herbal ingredients such as cocoa which can be consumed in the community to prevent degenerative diseases.
Transforming the Chemistry Education Curriculum: Students’ Creativity Using AI in Lectures
Authors: Farwati Ratna , Sari Indah , Fadhilah Geby Ayu
Published: January 2025

This Research examines of The Usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT and alike of that by Chemistry Education students in the learning process, and provides recommendations for the transformation of the chemistry education curriculum. The results of a survey of 76 students from universities in Palembang and Serang show that ChatGPT and similar AI have become important tools in supporting academic activities, especially in understanding chemistry concepts, compiling reports, and conducting research. However, students face several problems, including the cost of use, lack of knowledge about AI, limited access, and operational difficulties. Therefore, this study recommends the integration of AI into lecture materials, the provision of comprehensive training, increasing access and technical support, and periodic evaluation and adjustment of the curriculum.
Implementation of Sekolah Penggerak Programme to Address Chemistry Teachers Competency on Design PjBL-based Digital Teaching Materials in Padang
Authors: Suryani Okta , Sari Trisna Kumala , Riga Riga , Mawardi Mawardi , Putra Ahadul
Published: January 2025

Teaching materials for Sekolah Penggerak should be prepared based on a creative thinking learning model such as project-based learning (PjBL). However, based on the needs and situation of teachers towards the implementation of PjBL-based learning, implementation of PjBL in learning is still low, since the teachers in Padang need the advance training of preparation in PjBL learning material. The Community service activities have been carried out to provide experienced chemistry teachers in developing teaching materials based on Project-Based Learning. The implementation methods carried out in this activity are: (1) Analyzing the needs and situation of teachers towards the implementation of PjBL-based learning through questionnaires distributed, (2) Submission of material to service participants related to the PjBL learning model and syntax in this learning model explained by the speaker, then (3) Teachers are given the task of compiling and designing chemistry LKPDs using the PjBL model, (4) Teachers will present the results of the LKPD design compiled, and (5) evaluation of activities. The results of the service activities carried out can provide experience and understanding for chemistry teachers in Padang city regarding the PjBL learning model. Participants who attended this service activity could prepare chemistry teaching materials using the PjBL model so that teachers could be more innovative and creative. This activity service can provide motivation for teachers to prepare teaching materials in accordance with the demands of the Kurikulum Merdeka, especially in the implementation of project-based learning.
Study Komparatif Undang-Undang Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (Khi) Pernikahan Anak Di Bawah Umur
Authors: Widhy Andrian Pratama  , Adis Adis Nevi Yuliani , Halimah Halimah Endang Widyaningsih , Murdiono Murdiono , Arini Arini Asriyani
Published: January 2025

Pernikahan anak di bawah umur hanya dapat dilakukan jika pasangan yang bersangkutan mengajukan permohonan surat nikah atau pengecualian nikah kepada Pengadilan Agama (KUA) agar pernikahan tersebut bisa disahkan oleh pengadilan. Sebelum mengajukan permohonan, kedua calon pasangan harus mendapatkan izin dari orang tua. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis, dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis penerapan peraturan hukum sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku saat ini. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai kondisi nyata objek atau permasalahan yang diteliti, serta melakukan analisis untuk menarik kesimpulan yang bersifat umum. kami menyimpulkan bahwa praktek pelaksanaan pernikahan dini terhadap anak di masyarakat masih saja terjadi. Dimana secara factual pasangan yang menikah muda umumnya belum memiliki kestabilan finansial (keuangan) dan kedewasaan berpikir, yang berisiko mengancam keberlanjutan kehidupan keluarganya. Pernikahan dini atau pernikahan anak di bawah umur umumnya terjadi di latar belakangi oleh beberapa factor yaitu: kehamilan, keinginan orang tua, adat istiadat (tradisi keluarga), dan kemauan sendiri. Dengan terjadinya praktek pernikahan dini terhadap anak di bawah umur ini pada dasarnya akan sangat beresiko pada kestabilan mental dan psikologi dari anak itu sendiri serta akan sangat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan tubuhnya, Dimana beberbagai macam penyakit akan muncul seperti: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), dan Infeksi Menluar Seksual (IMS).
The Habit Of Dhuha Prayer In Shaping The Character Of Students At MTs An-Nur Pamekasan
Authors: Rofiatul Hosna  , Adibah Adibah , Suharto Royyanatul Mahbubah
Published: January 2025

This study examines the implementation of character education through the habit of Dhuha Prayer at MTs An-Nur Pamekasan. Character education plays an important role in shaping the nation's character and civilization, which is in line with the goal of national education, which is to educate the nation's life. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data is obtained through qualitative descriptive analysis by reducing data, presenting data to drawing data conclusions. Furthermore, the validity of the data was checked through triangulation techniques and using reference materials. The findings of the research are that the habit of Dhuha Prayer can provide character education value to students, create a school environment oriented to character development, students are also familiar with religious matters, discipline in any matter and responsible. And also several supporting factors in the form of teacher and parent motivation, student awareness and enthusiasm, as well as adequate facilities and infrastructure. There are also inhibiting factors, namely lack of time availability, lack of discipline and involving the family background of students who still have a minimal understanding of Islamic religious science.
Politics, Bit by Bit: A Formal Link Between Entropy and the Effective Number of Parties
Authors: Bailey Jack
Published: January 2025

Information theory now informs fields as diverse as quantum physics, neuroscience, and economics. In this short note, I show that it informs political science too. In particular, I show that the effective number of parties—perhaps the most widely-used measure in all of comparative politics—is the antilogarithm of a common measure of information entropy: the Rényi entropy. This equivalence bridges the two fields, allowing advances in information theory to inform our understanding of electoral systems.
Building Local Capacity: The Initiative for Civic Leadership at UT Dallas
Authors: Clark Amanda
Published: January 2025

The UT Dallas Initiative for Civic Leadership empowers students to engage in their local community through rigorous coursework and government internships in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. The Initiative seeks to foster future student leaders prepared to meet the challenges within their communities. The mission of the Initiative is supported by a commitment to non-partisan civic engagement. We strive to create an environment that welcomes diverse perspectives and fosters a sense of civic duty through governmental service. Through strategic partnerships with local governments and community organizations, the Initiative for Civic Leadership seeks to enhance the academic and professional trajectories of our students and deepen the university's connection to the DFW area. Historically, UT Dallas is a STEM school. By encouraging this career path, we hope to bridge polarization and misconceptions about government service and help us promote a deeper understanding of political science as a necessary component of any degree.
Understanding the vaginal microbiome among women with different genotypes of human papillomavirus infection in remote Andaman islands
Authors: Parvez Rehnuma , Vijayakumar Santhiya , Vins Alwin , Ramaiah Sudha , Anbarasu Anand , Biswas Lipika , Beniwal Nisha , Kaur Harpreet , Muruganandam Nagarajan
Published: January 2025

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection, and its acquisition and persistence are significantly influenced by the vaginal microbiota. Understanding and comparing the vaginal microbiome of HPV infected women in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is crucial.

Methods

The study involved collecting vaginal swabs and extracting DNA using the QIAamp DNA Minikit. The DNA was then subjected to PCR amplification to confirm HPV infection. illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform was utilized to perform sequencing utilizing 2 x 250 paired end chemistry. Taxonomic analysis was performed and Bacterial abundance plots were generated and samples were grouped based on demographic parameters, pap test diagnosis, and genotypes. To assess diversity, samples were rarefied to 49,000 sequence reads per sample, and alpha and beta diversity metrics were calculated.

Results

The study analyzed the presence of 21 assigned phyla, with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Proteobacteria emerging as the predominant taxa. At the genus level, Lactobacillus and Gardnerella dominated across all samples. Gardnerella was significantly more abundant in HPV-positive (22.40%) compared to HPV-negative samples (10.04%). Symptomatic group of HPV-positive samples had Gardnerella, and unclassified Coriobacteriaceae being dominant. In terms of bacterial diversity, the study found statistically significant association when comprising individuals aged 21 to 30 years to those aged 31 to 40 years.

Conclusion

Most research concluded that exposure to HPV can boost bacterial diversity in vagina compared to healthy women, increasing the risk of cervical cancer development. Current study highlights the importance of vaginal microbiome associated with high and low risk HPV, various age group as well as the symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of HPV infected women in South Andaman.
A novel small RNA regulates Locus of Enterocyte Effacement and site-specific colonization of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in gut
Authors: Han Runhua , Qian Ye , Zheng Chenguang
Published: January 2025

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a contagious foodborne pathogen that specifically colonizes the human large intestine, which is regulated by different environmental stimuli within the gut. Transcriptional regulation of EHEC virulence and infection has been extensively studied, while the posttranscriptional regulation of these processes by small RNAs (sRNAs) remains not fully understood. Here we present a virulence-regulating pathway in EHEC O157:H7, in which the sRNA EvrS binds to and destabilizes the mRNA of Z2269, a novel transcriptional regulator. In turn, Z2269 indirectly activates the expression of LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) pathogenicity island through the master regulator Ler. Importantly, the expression of EvrS is modulated by environmental oxygen levels. EvrS also exhibits lower expression in the colon compared to the ileum, influencing the site-specific colonization of EHEC O157:H7 in mice. These results indicate that the oxygen status within the intestine may regulate the expression of EvrS, thereby modulating virulence factors of EHEC and contributing to successful infection in vivo. This study has broader implications for understanding sRNA functions in spatiotemporal virulence control of EHEC and may provide novel strategies to prevent EHEC infections.
Examining effects of climate information utilization by climate-vulnerability groups in the northern region of Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Iddisah , Antwi-Agyei Philip , Adzawla William , Sima Mihaela , Siegmund Alexander , Eze Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Impacts of climate change on climate-vulnerable populations receive little attention in the literature compared to the general population across the globe, including Ghana’s Northern Region, than it has on the availability, sources, and kinds of climate services. Understanding the level of effects of utilizing climate information on farmers’ livelihoods is important for climate policy evaluation. Therefore, this study investigates how farmers in three climate-vulnerable groups in Ghana’s Northern Region make adaptation decisions based on climate information. Using a concurrent nested mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) approach, we collected data from 384 sampled farm household respondents, focus group discussions, and experts’ (Key-informants) opinions on climate change in the region. We analyze the data using descriptive statistics and a probit model. The results of mean statistics indicate that whereas farmers across climate-vulnerability groups perceived climate change and variability, the less climate-vulnerable group utilized more climate information for adaptation 7.1 than their counterparts, 5.2 and 3.3 for moderate to high vulnerability, respectively. Also, the probit model result reveals that farmers in the three climate-vulnerable groups are negatively associated with utilizing climate information in their adoption of adaptation strategies for floods and droughts, but they are positively and significantly influenced by climate information in their decision to implement early planting and pest/disease control. Furthermore, although the results show that using climate information boosts farmers’ chances of getting credit by 102.5%, there is no significant chance that farmers would be able to get credit without climate information. The study concludes that, to a greater extent, climate information significantly influences farmers’ decisions regarding adaptation strategies in the region.
Genetically predicted brain cortical structure mediates the causality between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Chaojuan , Zhang Yuyang , Li Mingxu , Gong Qiuju , Yu Siqi , Li Zhiwei , Ren Mengmeng , Zhou Xia , Zhu Xiaoqun , Sun Zhongwu
Published: January 2025

Background

Insulin resistance is tightly related to cognition; however, the causal association between them remains a matter of debate. Our investigation aims to establish the causal relationship and direction between insulin resistance and cognition, while also quantifying the mediating role of brain cortical structure in this association.

Methods

The publicly available data sources for insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment beta-cell function and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, proinsulin), brain cortical structure, and cognitive phenotypes (visual memory, reaction time) were obtained from the MAGIC, ENIGMA, and UK Biobank datasets, respectively. We first conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the susceptibility of insulin resistance on cognitive phenotypes. Additionally, we applied a two-step MR to assess the mediating role of cortical surficial area and thickness in the pathway from insulin resistance to cognitive impairment. The primary Inverse-variance weighted, accompanied by robust sensitivity analysis, was implemented to explore and verify our findings. The reverse MR analysis was also performed to evaluate the causal effect of cognition on insulin resistance and brain cortical structure.

Results

This study identified genetically determined elevated level of proinsulin increased reaction time (beta=0.03, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.01 to 0.05, p=0.005), while decreasing the surface area of rostral middle frontal (beta=-49.28, 95%CI=-86.30 to -12.27, p=0.009). The surface area of the rostral middle frontal mediated 20.97% (95%CI=1.44% to 40.49%) of the total effect of proinsulin on reaction time. No evidence of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or reverse causality was observed.

Conclusions

Briefly, our study noticed that elevated level of insulin resistance adversely affected cognition, with a partial mediation effect through alterations in brain cortical structure.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among physicians and pharmacists toward antibiotic use in sepsis
Authors: Zhang Jingmin , Shi Haipeng , Xia Yanmei , Zhu Zhenghua , Zhang Yaojun
Published: January 2025

Background

Sepsis management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) presents a significant challenge within contemporary healthcare. The primary challenge lies in ensuring the timely and appropriate utilization of antibiotics. Inappropriate antibiotic use in sepsis management can result in a multitude of adverse outcomes. There has been insufficient focus on thoroughly understanding and resolving the issues related to the improper application of antibiotics in sepsis treatment by physicians and pharmacists. This gap in research is concerning, considering its potential implications for patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among physicians and pharmacists toward antibiotic use in sepsis.

Methods

This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Shanxi Bethune Hospital between June 2023 and October 2023. A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of physicians and pharmacists, and to assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antibiotic use in sepsis.

Results

A total of 200 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the participants, 115 (57.5%) were female and 118 (59%) had experience with ICU patient management. The mean knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were 10.2 ± 1.14 (possible range: 0–12), 45.88 ± 4.00 (possible range: 10–50) and 48.38 ± 5.84 (possible range: 11–55), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that attitudes (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.34–1.87, p < 0.001), work experience of 15 years and above (OR = 7.17, 95%CI: 2.33–22.0, p = 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practices. For physicians, the structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that attitudes directly affects practices, as indicated by a path coefficient of 0.91 (p < 0.001). For pharmacist, SEM showed that knowledge directly affect attitudes, with a path coefficient of 0.75 (p < 0.024), moreover, attitudes directly affect practices, with a path coefficient of 0.87 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings revealed that physicians and pharmacists have sufficient knowledge, active attitudes, and proactive practices toward the antibiotic use in sepsis. Nonetheless, the findings also reveal the persistence of certain misconceptions, alongside notable shortcomings in both attitudes and practices. Comprehensive training programs are imperative for enhancing the practices of physicians and pharmacists in this field.
A study on the pharmacovigilance of various SGLT-2 inhibitors
Authors: Dong Yanwen , Wang Yangyang , Lan Xiaomei , Zeng Huiyan
Published: January 2025

Background

Sodium-glucose co-transporter two inhibitors (SGLT2is) are widely used in clinical practice due to their proven cardiovascular and renal benefits. However, various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been reported. This study aims to systematically update the ADRs associated with SGLT2is and identify the differences among various SGLT2is acovigilance of various SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Methods

Data from the FAERS database covering Q1 2013 to Q2 2024 were selected for disproportionality analysis. ADRs were defined using the System Organ Classes (SOC) and Preferred Terms (PT) from the MedDRA 27.0 dictionary. Four signal detection metrics—reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRRs), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM)—were utilized to infer ADRs and assess differences among specific SGLT2i drugs through intersection analysis.

Results

Except for canagliflozin, both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin showed a general increase in ADRs. Specifically, canagliflozin had 93 ADRs, dapagliflozin had 173, and empagliflozin had 214. Most of these were related to Infections and Infestations, Investigations, and Reproductive System and Breast Disorders, notably manifesting as inflammatory conditions of the urinary and reproductive systems, such as orchitis and testicular abscess, consistent with FDA labeling. Additionally, overlooked ADRs were identified, including bladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and thrombotic strokes, none of which were reported for canagliflozin.

Discussion

While shared ADRs for SGLT2is are noted in FDA labeling, monitoring for high-risk populations, such as those with cancers or strokes, remains crucial to prevent deterioration. Medication regimens may need adjustment, including selecting canagliflozin or non-SGLT2i alternatives when necessary.
Treatment patterns and clinical profile in progressive pulmonary fibrosis: a Japanese cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yasuoka Hidekata , Waseda Yuko , Kaneko Yuko , Okazaki Masateru , Iwasaki Ryoko , Nagata Shoko , Small Mark , Ishii Haruyuki
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a paucity of real-world data on patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) that are progressive, other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), including treatment patterns and attitudes toward treatment. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment paradigm and current decision-making practices of IPF and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in a Japanese real-world setting.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Adelphi Real World PPF-ILD Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection of pulmonologists and rheumatologists in Japan from April to October 2022. Physicians provided data for up to 12 consecutive patients with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of progressive ILD; patients were also invited to complete patient self-completion forms. Analyses were descriptive.

Results

A total of 63 physicians (43 pulmonologists and 20 rheumatologists) provided data on 312 patients with PPF and 70 patients with IPF. Patients had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age at survey date of 68.0 (11.6) years, 43.5% were female, 50.3% were former smokers and 18.1% were employed full time. For breathlessness, 26.5% of patients had Grade 2 physician-reported breathlessness; this was 16.7% when reported by patients themselves. A total of 81.4% of patients were currently receiving treatment for ILD. Mean (SD) duration of current treatment was 1.5 (1.4) years. Slowing disease progression was the primary reason influencing physicians’ choice of current ILD treatment (48.5%). A total of 16.0% had never been treated (most frequent physician-reported reason: disease was manageable without treatment, 55.7%) and 2.6% had treatment discontinued (most frequent reason: patient request, 70.0%). Physicians reported 82.3% of patients as fully compliant with their treatment regimen. As reported by patients themselves (n = 53), 49.1% never and 37.7% rarely missed a dose.

Conclusion

This analysis of real-world data from Japan provides insights into the clinical profile of patients with IPF and PPF in Japan, and highlights differences between physicians and patients in perception of symptom severity and attitudes to treatment.
Current perspectives for metabolomics and lipidomics in dyslipidemia of acne vulgaris: a mini review
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhu Sheng-Cai , He Yang , Zhu Yun-Xia , Ou-Yang Xiao-Liang , Zhang Deng , Li Chun-Ming
Published: January 2025

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory disorder involving the pilosebaceous unit. Many studies have reported that people with AV have higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) compared to healthy controls. Hence, they concluded that an unhealthy lipid profile is an independent risk factor for AV. Recent research in metabolomics and lipidomics has been propelled by rapid advancements in technologies including computational methods and mass spectrometry. Using metabolomics and lipidomics approach, a broad range of structurally diverse lipid species were detected and important lipid biomarkers were identified that are vital to the pathogenesis of AV. In this review, we will describe the recent progress in dyslipidemia of AV using metabolomics and lipidomics advances. We will begin with a literature overview of dyslipidemia of AV, followed by a short introduction of metabolomics and lipidomics. Finally, we will focus on applying metabolomics and lipidomics in dyslipidemia of AV.
Upregulation of HSP90α in the lungs and circulation in sarcoidosis
Authors: Isshiki Takuma , Sunakawa Motoko , Vierhout Megan , Ayoub Anmar , Ali Pareesa , Naiel Safaa , Miyoshi Shion , Naqvi Asghar , Hambly Nathan , Kishi Kazuma , Ask Kjetil , Kolb Martin R. J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Natural improvement with favorable outcome is common, but a significant number of patients present with difficult to manage and progressive disease. The identification of biomarkers associated with disease activity and progression is warranted. Extracellular heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) α is a signaling molecule released by cells that induces proinflammatory signaling through interaction with certain receptors, such as lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1.

Materials and methods

HSP90α protein expression in lung tissues derived from patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis and control subjects was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Serum HSP90α concentration was measured in sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls and correlated with clinical outcomes. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and analyzed for HSP90α expression. Extracellular HSP90α released from macrophages was examined in human primary cells and an immortalized cell line.

Results

Macrophages and granulomas in sarcoidosis-affected lungs showed high HSP90α expression. Serum HSP90α levels were elevated in sarcoidosis patients compared with controls and correlated with BALF HSP90α levels. HSP90α concentrations in the circulation were correlated with biomarkers of disease stage. Both primary and immortalized macrophages showed a high capacity for secreting extracellular HSP90α.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that macrophages in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients produce high levels of HSP90α, suggesting HSP90α as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
Origin and pathogenicity variation of Plasmopara viticola in China
Authors: Wu Wei , Chen Yuchen , Huang Huimin , Li Rongfang , Yang Bohan , Lv Junli , Yin Ling , Qu Junjie , Song Shiren , Peng Yachun , Fu Peining , Lu Jiang
Published: January 2025

Grapevine downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola (Pv) is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine in China. To understand the origin and pathogenicity of Chinese Pv, a total of 193 single-sporangiophore isolates were obtained from 14 Chinese major viticulture areas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Chinese Pv isolates originate from North America and belong to the P. viticola clade aestivalis. Host range experiments reveal that Chinese Pv are able to infect a wide range of Vitis species from different geographic origins, including Eurasian species Vitis vinifera, North American species V. aestivalis, V. riparia, and V. rupestris, and East Asian Vitis species V. davidii, V. amurensis, and V. hancockii. Analyses of the interactions between Pv isolates and grapevines reveal that the virulence of Pv isolates is correlated with the occurrence time and magnitude of hypersensitive response-mediating leaf necrosis in grape leaves caused by Pv. These understandings of genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Chinese Pv isolate would be useful to develop strategies for controlling grapevine downy mildew spread.
16S rRNA and metabolomics reveal the key microbes and key metabolites that regulate diarrhea in Holstein male calves
Authors: Cao P. P. , Hu C. L. , Li M. J. , An Y. H. , Feng X. , Ma X. H. , Wang D. Z. , Song Z. H. , Ji G. S. , Yang D. , Ma Q. , Yang W. F. , Dong J. N. , Zhang H. R. , Ma Y. , Ma Y. F.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Diarrhea is a prevalent disease among calves, which significantly hinders their growth and development, thereby impacting farm productivity and revenue. This study aimed to investigate the impact of diarrhea on calf growth.

Methods

Holstein male calves with similar birth weight (39.5 ± 4.2 kg) were included in this study, and key parameters such as fecal score, diarrhea incidence, and growth performance from birth to weaning were measured. Rectal fecal samples from both diarrheic (n = 24) and healthy calves (n = 24) aged 1–4 weeks were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics.

Results

Our findings indicated a high prevalence of diarrhea among calves between 1–4 weeks of age on pasture, which led to a marked decrease in growth performance, including average daily gain. At the genus level, the relative abundance of GCA-900066575 in one-week-old diarrheic calves was significantly higher; Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudoflavonifractor were more abundant in two-week-old calves; while Tyzzerella and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 increased significantly in four-week-old calves, and correlated negatively with average daily gain, suggesting that these bacteria may promote the occurrence of diarrhea. Correlation analysis revealed that fecal metabolites such as arachidonic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, oleic acid, choline, creatinine, and others were significantly negatively correlated with calf growth performance and were significantly increased in diarrheic calves. WGNCA identified that dark magenta module metabolites were significantly associated with diarrhea traits from 1–4 weeks. Thirteen metabolites, including glycerophospholipids (such as 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), fatty acids (such as dodecanoic acid), and arachidonic acid, were positively correlated with GCA-900066575, Escherichia-shigella, Tyzzerella, and Clostridium_butyricum, but negatively correlated with UBA1819, Lachnoclostridium_sp_YL32, and Clostridium_scindens.

Discussion

Therefore, GCA-900066575, Escherichia-shigella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, and Tyzzerella are likely key bacterial genera causing diarrhea in calves, while arachidonic acid, glycerol phospholipids, and fatty acids are critical metabolites associated with this condition. These alterations in the fecal microbiota and metabolite composition were found to be the principal contributors to growth retardation in diarrheic calves.