bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of RNA Stability by NrrF, an Iron-Regulated Small RNA in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Jackson Lydgia A. , Pan Jing-Cao , Day Michael W. , Dyer David W.
Published: September 2013

Regulation of gene expression by small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) plays a critical role in bacterial response to physiological stresses. NrrF, a
trans
-acting sRNA in
Neisseria meningitidis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, has been shown in the meningococcus to control indirectly, in response to iron (Fe) availability, the transcription of genes encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, a Fe-requiring enzyme. Given that in other organisms, sRNAs target multiple mRNAs to control gene expression, we used a global approach to examine the role of NrrF in controlling gonococcal transcription. Three strains, including
N. gonorrhoeae
FA1090, an
nrrF
deletion mutant, and a complemented derivative, were examined using a custom CombiMatrix microarray to assess the role of this sRNA in controlling gene expression in response to Fe availability. In the absence of NrrF, the mRNA half-lives for 12 genes under Fe-depleted growth conditions were longer than those in FA1090. The 12 genes controlled by NrrF encoded proteins with biological functions including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, antibiotic resistance, and amino acid synthesis, as well as hypothetical proteins and a regulatory protein whose functions are not fully understood.
Streptomyces coelicolor Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Can Polymerize Nucleoside Diphosphates under Phosphorolysis Conditions, with Implications for the Degradation of Structured RNAs
Authors: Jones George H. , Mackie George A.
Published: September 2013

We have examined the ability of wild-type polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) from
Streptomyces coelicolor
and two mutant forms of the enzyme, N459D and C468A, to function in the polymerization of ADP and in the phosphorolysis of RNA substrates derived from the
S. coelicolor rpsO-pnp
operon. The wild-type enzyme was twice as active in polymerization as N459D and four times as active as C468A. The
k
cat
/

K
m

value for phosphorolysis of a structured RNA substrate by N459D was essentially the same as that observed for the wild-type enzyme, while C468A was 50% as active with this substrate. A mixture of all four common nucleoside diphosphates increased the
k
cat
/

K
m

for phosphorolysis of the structured substrate by the wild-type enzyme by a factor of 1.7 but did not affect phosphorolysis catalyzed by N459D or C468A. We conducted phosphorolysis of the structured substrate in the presence of nucleoside diphosphates and labeled the 3′ ends of the products of those reactions using [
32
P]pCp. Digestion of the end-labeled RNAs and display of the products on a sequencing gel revealed that wild-type
S. coelicolor
PNPase was able to synthesize RNA 3′ tails under phosphorolysis conditions while the N459D and C468A mutants could not. The wild-type enzyme did not add 3′ tails to a substrate that already possessed an unstructured 3′ tail. We propose a model in which the transient synthesis of 3′ tails facilitates the phosphorolysis of structured substrates by
Streptomyces
PNPase.
Endoscopic adhesiolysis for extensive tibialis posterior tendon and Achilles tendon adhesions following compound tendon rupture
Authors: Lui Tun Hing
Published: September 2013

Tendon adhesion is one of the most common causes of disability following tendon surgery. A case of extensive peritendinous adhesions of the Achilles tendon and tibialis posterior tendon after compound rupture of the tendons was reported. This was managed by endoscopic adhesiolysis of both tendons. The endoscopic approach allows early postoperative mobilisation which can relieve the tendon adhesion.
Effect of the EndoBarrier Gastrointestinal Liner on obesity and type 2 diabetes: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies
Authors: Rohde Ulrich , Hedbäck Nora , Gluud Lise L , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Obese patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery experience significant and lasting weight loss and improved glycaemic control. However, bariatric surgical procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are irreversible and associated with considerable short-term and long-term risks. The EndoBarrier Gastrointestinal Liner or duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve (DJBS) is a fully reversible procedure that has been developed to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. We aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of DJBS.

Methods and analyses

A systematic review with meta-analysis (as per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) of randomised controlled trials of the device (vs no intervention, sham and/or low-calorie diet) will be performed. Primary endpoints include change in body weight and glycated haemoglobin and safety. Secondary endpoints constitute changes in other glycaemic parameters and blood lipids and the proportion of patients discontinuing antidiabetic medication. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index will be sought electronically along with manual searches. The primary meta-analysis will use random effects models due to an expected intertrial heterogeneity. Fixed effect meta-analysis will be executed to assess the impact of small trials. Dichotomous data will be analysed using risk difference and continuous data using weighted mean differences, both with 95% CIs.

Ethics and dissemination

The study will describe the impact of DJBS on obesity and type 2 diabetes and possibly contribute to clinical decision-making. The results of this study will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publication and scientific presentations.

Registration

PROSPERO CRD42013004819
BLACK HOLES VERSUS FIREWALLS AND THERMO-FIELD DYNAMICS
Authors: CHOWDHURY BORUN D.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we examine the implications of the ongoing black holes versus firewalls debate for the thermo-field dynamics of black holes by analyzing a conformal field theory (CFT) in a thermal state in the context of anti-de Sitter/CFT. We argue that the thermo-field doubled copy of the thermal CFT should be thought of not as a fictitious system, but as the image of the CFT in the heat bath. In case of strong coupling between the CFT and the heat bath, this image allows for free infall through the horizon and the system is described by a black hole. Conversely, firewalls are the appropriate dual description in case of weak interaction of the CFT with its heat bath.
NONLINEAR DAMPED VIBRATION OF PRE-STRESSED ORTHOTROPIC MEMBRANE STRUCTURE UNDER IMPACT LOADING
Authors: LIU CHANG-JIANG , ZHENG ZHOU-LIAN , YANG XIAO-YAN , ZHAO HUA
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear damped forced vibration problem of pre-stressed orthotropic membrane structure under impact loading. The governing equations of motion were derived based on the von Kármán large deflection theory and D'Alembert's principle, and solved by using the Bubnov–Galerkin method and the Krylov–Bogolubov–Mitropolsky (KBM) perturbation method. The asymptotic analytical solutions of the frequency and lateral displacement of rectangular orthotropic membrane with fixed edges were obtained. In the computational example, the frequency results were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the vibration mode of the membrane and the displacement and time curves of each feature point on the membrane surface were analyzed. The results obtained herein provide a simple and convenient approach to calculate the frequency and lateral displacement of the nonlinear forced vibration of rectangular orthotropic membranes with low viscous damping under impact loading. In addition, the results provide some computational basis for the vibration control and dynamic design of membrane structures.
Geochemistry of soil contamination from lead smelters near Eureka Nevada
Authors: Chaffee Maurice A. , King Harley D.
Published: September 2013

Eureka, Nevada, was once a boom-mining town with peak production of Pb, Ag, and Au between the 1870s and 1890s. Most of the ores from the area were processed in two smelters located at the north and south edges of the town. Smelter effluent was exhausted in the vicinity of the smelter furnaces with little regard to potential health concerns.

For this study, 186 soil samples from sites in the area surrounding Eureka were analysed for 43 elements. Factor analysis and element plots identified 16 smelter-related elements: Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, In, Mo, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Te, Tl, W, and Zn. Eight other elements (Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, U, and V), whose distributions are controlled by the chemical composition of the underlying substrate material, were also evaluated.

Of these 24 elements, only six (As, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, and Mn) had concentrations that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated residential soil screening levels considered to represent possible health risks. For some analysed elements (In, S, Te, and W) no screening levels have been established. Whether these elements, or any of the others determined, constitute a health risk in the local population is not known.

Supplementary Material:

Analyses for 43 elements in 186 soil samples are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18673
High density, regional, stream sediment geochemistry data as a product of undergraduate training in the Central Wales lead-zinc orefield, UK
Authors: Power G. M. , Barnes R. P.
Published: September 2013

The results from exploration geochemical stream sediment surveys of the central Wales lead-zinc orefield by undergraduates from the University of Portsmouth between 1979 and 2003 are now available on open access at

www.geologis.com

for further investigation. Details are given here of the procedures of collection, preparation and chemical analysis of the samples together with an estimate of analytical precision. Log-probability plots for different sub-areas give different results depending on the proportion of anomalous to background values. Important details are lost when undivided data for the whole study area are used. Comparison of repeat surveys of the same area shows that the findings obtained are consistent even though sampling sites differ. The Portsmouth results are compared with those of the British Geological Survey’s G-BASE survey for the area. The two sets of data are compatible and the Portsmouth data enhance the utility of the G-BASE survey. The value of the Portsmouth database for environmental studies and for mineral exploration is illustrated with examples, demonstrating that undergraduate training can, over a period of time, provide an important source of data.
Biogeochemical controls on metal mobility: modeling a Cu-Zn VMS deposit in column flow-through studies
Authors: Leslie Karla , Oates Christopher J. , Kyser T. Kurt , Fowle David A.
Published: September 2013

An economic Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit was modeled in flow-through columns to examine the microbial controls on ore weathering and soil anomaly development. The presence of microorganisms, especially S- and Fe-oxidizing bacteria, increased the rate of weathering and metal release from ore. To examine the development of soil metal anomalies overlying the VMS deposit, flow-through experiments modeling the full overburden profile were completed. Selective extractions on the soil demonstrated that enhanced metal anomalies in the biotic column were developing in the reactive Fe- and Mn- oxide phases. These experimental results are linked to
in situ
biogeochemical processes through the use of Fe-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the deep subsurface of Triple 7 Cu-Zn VMS mine in Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada, in direct proximity to where the ore material was collected. These results demonstrate that the rates of metal mobility in the subsurface and soil metal anomaly development at the surface are increased by the presence and activity of microorganisms when compared to control experiments.
PowerNap
Authors: Meisner David , Gold Brian T. , Wenisch Thomas F.
Published: September 2013

Data center power consumption is growing to unprecedented levels: the EPA estimates U.S. data centers will consume 100 billion kilowatt hours annually by 2011. Much of this energy is wasted in idle systems: in typical deployments, server utilization is below 30%, but idle servers still consume 60% of their peak power draw. Typical idle periods though frequent--last seconds or less, confounding simple energy-conservation approaches.

In this paper, we propose PowerNap, an energy-conservation approach where the entire system transitions rapidly between a high-performance active state and a near-zero-power idle state in response to instantaneous load. Rather than requiring fine-grained power-performance states and complex load-proportional operation from each system component, PowerNap instead calls for minimizing idle power and transition time, which are simpler optimization goals. Based on the PowerNap concept, we develop requirements and outline mechanisms to eliminate idle power waste in enterprise blade servers. Because PowerNap operates in low-efficiency regions of current blade center power supplies, we introduce the Redundant Array for Inexpensive Load Sharing (RAILS), a power provisioning approach that provides high conversion efficiency across the entire range of PowerNap's power demands. Using utilization traces collected from enterprise-scale commercial deployments, we demonstrate that, together, PowerNap and RAILS reduce average server power consumption by 74%.
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributes to hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle vasodilation in humans
Authors: Spilk Samson , Herr Michael D. , Sinoway Lawrence I. , Leuenberger Urs A.
Published: September 2013

Systemic hypoxia causes skeletal muscle vasodilation, thereby preserving O2 delivery to active tissues. Nitric oxide (NO), adenosine, and prostaglandins contribute to this vasodilation, but other factors may also play a role. We tested the hypothesis that regional inhibition of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor with the cytochrome P-450 2C9 antagonist fluconazole, alone or combined with the NO synthase antagonist NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), attenuates hypoxia-induced vasodilation. We compared forearm blood flow (FBF) and skin blood flow before and during brachial artery infusion of fluconazole (0.3 mg/min; trial 1) or fluconazole + l-NMMA (50 mg over 10 min; trial 2) and during systemic hypoxia (10 min, arterial Po2 ∼37 mmHg) in infused (experimental) and control forearms of 12 healthy humans. During normoxia, fluconazole and fluconazole + l-NMMA reduced ( P < 0.05) forearm vascular conductance (FVC) by ∼10% and ∼18%, respectively. During hypoxia and fluconazole ( trial 1), FVC increased by 1.76 ± 0.37 and 0.95 ± 0.35 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively ( P < 0.05). During hypoxia and fluconazole + l-NMMA ( trial 2), FVC increased by 2.32 ± 0.51 and 0.72 ± 0.22 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively ( P < 0.05). Similarly, during hypoxia with l-NMMA alone ( trial 3; n = 8) FVC increased by 1.51 ± 0.46 and 0.45 ± 0.32 units in control and experimental forearms, respectively ( P < 0.05). These effects were not due to altered skin blood flow. We conclude that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributes to basal vascular tone and to hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle vasodilation and could be particularly relevant when other vasodilator systems are impaired.
Thrombin selectively engages LIM kinase 1 and slingshot-1L phosphatase to regulate NF-κB activation and endothelial cell inflammation
Authors: Leonard Antony , Marando Catherine , Rahman Arshad , Fazal Fabeha
Published: September 2013

Endothelial cell (EC) inflammation is a central event in the pathogenesis of many pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury and its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alterations in actin cytoskeleton are shown to be crucial for NF-κB regulation and EC inflammation. Previously, we have described a role of actin binding protein cofilin in mediating cytoskeletal alterations essential for NF-κB activation and EC inflammation. The present study describes a dynamic mechanism in which LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), a cofilin kinase, and slingshot-1Long (SSH-1L), a cofilin phosphatase, are engaged by procoagulant and proinflammatory mediator thrombin to regulate these responses. Our data show that knockdown of LIMK1 destabilizes whereas knockdown of SSH-1L stabilizes the actin filaments through modulation of cofilin phosphorylation; however, in either case thrombin-induced NF-κB activity and expression of its target genes (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) is inhibited. Further mechanistic analyses reveal that knockdown of LIMK1 or SSH-1L each attenuates nuclear translocation and thereby DNA binding of RelA/p65. In addition, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion inhibited RelA/p65 phosphorylation at Ser536, a critical event conferring transcriptional competency to the bound NF-κB. However, unlike SSH-1L, LIMK1 knockdown also impairs the release of RelA/p65 by blocking IKKβ-dependent phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα. Interestingly, LIMK1 or SSH-1L depletion failed to inhibit TNF-α-induced RelA/p65 nuclear translocation and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus this study provides evidence for a novel role of LIMK1 and SSH-1L in selectively regulating EC inflammation associated with intravascular coagulation.
Targeting CD162 protects against streptococcal M1 protein-evoked neutrophil recruitment and lung injury
Authors: Zhang Songen , Song Lei , Wang Yongzhi , Herwald Heiko , Thorlacius Henrik
Published: September 2013

Streptococcus pyogenes of the M1 serotype can cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and acute lung damage. CD162 is an adhesion molecule that has been reported to mediate neutrophil recruitment in acute inflammatory reactions. In this study, the purpose was to investigate the role of CD162 in M1 protein-provoked lung injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with monoclonal antibody directed against CD162 or a control antibody before M1 protein challenge. Edema, neutrophil infiltration, and CXC chemokines were determined in the lung, 4 h after M1 protein administration. Fluorescence intravital microscopy was used to analyze leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the pulmonary microcirculation. Inhibition of CD162 reduced M1 protein-provoked accumulation of neutrophils, edema, and CXC chemokine formation in the lung by >54%. Moreover, immunoneutralization of CD162 abolished leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion in pulmonary venules of M1 protein-treated animals. In addition, inhibition of CD162 decreased M1 protein-induced capillary trapping of leukocytes in the lung microvasculature and improved microvascular perfusion in the lungs of M1 protein-treated animals. Our findings suggest that CD162 plays an important role in M1 protein-induced lung damage by regulating leukocyte rolling in pulmonary venules. Consequently, inhibition of CD162 attenuates M1 protein-evoked leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in the lung. Thus, our results suggest that targeting the CD162 might pave the way for novel opportunities to protect against pulmonary damage in streptococcal infections.
Novel concepts of acute lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction
Authors: Herold Susanne , Gabrielli Nieves M. , Vadász István
Published: September 2013

In this review we summarize recent major advances in our understanding on the molecular mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of acute lung injury (ALI) and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, highlighting the role of immune cells, inflammatory and noninflammatory signaling events, mechanical noxae, and the affected cellular and molecular entities and functions. Furthermore, we address novel aspects of resolution and repair of ALI, as well as putative candidates for treatment of ALI, including pharmacological and cellular therapeutic means.
SIRT1 redresses the imbalance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of mouse emphysema and human COPD
Authors: Yao Hongwei , Hwang Jae-woong , Sundar Isaac K. , Friedman Alan E. , McBurney Michael W. , Guarente Leonard , Gu Wei , Kinnula Vuokko L. , Rahman Irfan
Published: September 2013

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a protein/histone deacetylase, protects against the development of pulmonary emphysema. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation remain elusive. The imbalance of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs)/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema. We hypothesized that SIRT1 protects against emphysema by redressing the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs. To test this hypothesis, SIRT1-deficient and overexpressing/transgenic mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). The protein level and activity of MMP-9 were increased in lungs of SIRT1-deficient mice exposed to CS compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, and these effects were attenuated by SIRT1 overexpression. SIRT1 deficiency decreased the level of TIMP-1, which was augmented in SIRT1 transgenic mice compared with WT littermates by CS. However, the level of MMP-2, MMP-12, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, or TIMP-4 was not altered by SIRT1 in response to CS exposure. SIRT1 reduction was associated with imbalance of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in lungs of smokers and COPD patients. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that TIMP-1 acetylation on specific lysine residues was increased, whereas its interaction with SIRT1 and MMP-9 was reduced in mouse lungs with emphysema, as well as in lungs of smokers and COPD patients. SIRT1 deficiency increased CS-induced TIMP-1 acetylation, and these effects were attenuated by SIRT1 overexpression. These results suggest that SIRT1 protects against COPD/emphysema, in part, via redressing the TIMP-1/MMP-9 imbalance involving TIMP-1 deacetylation. Thus redressing the TIMP-1/MMP-9 imbalance by pharmacological activation of SIRT1 is an attractive approach in the intervention of COPD.
Dual Synchronization of Fractional‐Order Chaotic Systems via a Linear Controller
Authors: Xiao Jian , Ma Zhen-zhen , Yang Ye-hong
Published: September 2013

The problem of the dual synchronization of two different fractional‐order chaotic systems is studied. By a linear controller, we realize the dual synchronization of fractional‐order chaotic systems. Finally, the proposed method is applied for dual synchronization of Van der Pol‐Willis systems and Van der Pol‐Duffing systems. The numerical simulation shows the accuracy of the theory.
The Influence of Interfering Substances on the Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Authors: Araújo Paula A. , Lemos Madalena , Mergulhão Filipe , Melo Luís , Simões Manuel
Published: September 2013

Standard cleaning processes may not remove all the soiling typically found in food industry, such as carbohydrates, fats, or proteins. Contaminants have a high impact in disinfection as their presence may reduce the activity of disinfectants. The influence of alginic acid, bovine serum albumin, yeast extract, and humic acids was assessed on the antimicrobial activities of benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide againstBacillus cereusvegetative cells andPseudomonas fluorescens. The bacteria (single and consortium) were exposed to surfactants (single and combined) in the absence and presence of potential disinfection interfering substances. The antimicrobial effects of the surfactants were assessed based on the bacterial respiratory activity measured by oxygen uptake rate due to glucose oxidation. The tested surfactants were efficient against both bacteria (single and consortium) with minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 3 to 35 mg·L−1. The strongest effect was caused by humic acids that severely quenched antimicrobial action, increasing the minimum bactericidal concentration of the surfactants onP. fluorescensand the consortium. The inclusion of the other interfering substances resulted in mild interferences in the antibacterial activity. This study clearly demonstrates that humic acids should be considered as an antimicrobial interfering substance in the development of disinfection strategies.
Trimeric Tau Is Toxic to Human Neuronal Cells at Low Nanomolar Concentrations
Authors: Tian Huilai , Davidowitz Eliot , Lopez Patricia , Emadi Sharareh , Moe James , Sierks Michael
Published: September 2013

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tau aggregates into fibrils and higher order neurofibrillary tangles, a key histopathological feature of AD. However, soluble oligomeric tau species may play a more critical role in AD progression since these tau species correlate better with neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies show that extracellular oligomeric tau can inhibit memory formation and synaptic function and also transmit pathology to neighboring neurons. However, the specific forms of oligomeric tau involved in toxicity are still unknown. Here, we used two splice variants of recombinant human tau and generated monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric fractions of each isoform. The composition of each fraction was verified chromatographically and also by atomic force microscopy. The toxicity of each fraction toward both human neuroblastoma cells and cholinergic-like neurons was assessed. Trimeric, but not monomeric or dimeric, tau oligomers of both splice variants were neurotoxic at low nanomolar concentrations. Further characterization of tau oligomer species with disease-specific modifications and morphologies is necessary to identify the best targets for the development of biomarker and therapeutic development for AD and related tauopathies.
Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Combined with Exercises versus an Exercise Program on the Pain and the Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mizusaki Imoto Aline , Peccin Stella , Gomes da Silva Kelson Nonato , de Paiva Teixeira Lucas Emmanuel Pedro , Abrahão Marcelo Ismael , Fernandes Moça Trevisani Virgínia
Published: September 2013

Objectives. To investigate the effect of 8 weeks of NMES + Ex (neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with exercises) on pain and functional improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to exercise (Ex) alone.Design. Randomized controlled trial.Setting. A specialty outpatient clinic.Participants. Patients (N=100; women = 86, men = 14; age range, 50–75 years) with knee OA.Interventions. Participants were randomly assigned to NMES + Ex or Ex group.Outcome Measures. Numerical Rating Scale 0 to 10 (NRS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes used were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).Results. Following the interventions, a statistically significant improvement in both groups was observed in all outcomes assessed. For the comparison between the groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the NMES + Ex and the Ex groups in NRS (P=0.52), TUG test (P=0.12), and aspects of WOMAC: pain (P=0.26), function (P=0.23), and stiffness (P=0.63).Conclusion. The addition of NMES to exercise did not improve the outcomes assessed in knee OA patients. This study was registered at the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN012607000357459).
Variance Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters for Pruning of a Multilayer Perceptron: Application to a Sawmill Supply Chain Simulation Model
Authors: Thomas Philippe , Suhner Marie-Christine , Thomas André
Published: September 2013

Simulation is a useful tool for the evaluation of a Master Production/Distribution Schedule (MPS). The goal of this paper is to propose a new approach to designing a simulation model by reducing its complexity. According to the theory of constraints, a reduced model is built using bottlenecks and a neural network exclusively. This paper focuses on one step of the network model design: determining the structure of the network. This task may be performed by using the constructive or pruning approaches. The main contribution of this paper is twofold; it first proposes a new pruning algorithm based on an analysis of the variance of the sensitivity of all parameters of the network and then uses this algorithm to reduce the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain. In the first step, the proposed pruning algorithm is tested with two simulation examples and compared with three classical pruning algorithms from the literature. In the second step, these four algorithms are used to determine the optimal structure of the network used for the complexity-reduction design procedure of the simulation model of a sawmill supply chain.
Hygrothermal Fracture Analysis of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials UsingJk-Integral-Based Methods
Authors: Topal Serra , Dag Serkan
Published: September 2013

This paper puts forward two differentJk-integral-based methods, which can be used to perform mixed-mode fracture analysis of orthotropic functionally graded materials subjected to hygrothermal stresses. The first method requires the evaluation of both components ofJk-integral, whereas the second method employs the first componentJ1and the asymptotic crack tip displacement fields. Plane orthotropic hygrothermoelasticity is the basic theory behind theJk-integral formulation, which is carried out by assuming that all material properties are functions of the spatial coordinates. Developed procedures are implemented by means of the finite element method and integrated into a general purpose finite element analysis software. Temperature and specific moisture concentration fields needed in the fracture analyses are also computed through finite element analysis. Each of the developed methods is utilized in conjunction with the superposition technique to calculate the hygrothermal fracture parameters. An inclined crack located in a hygrothermally loaded orthotropic functionally graded layer is examined in parametric analyses. Comparisons of the results generated by the proposed methods do indicate that both methods lead to numerical results of high accuracy and that the developed form of theJk-integral is domain independent. Further results are presented so as to illustrate the influences of crack inclination angle, crack length, and crack location upon the modes I and II stress intensity factors.
Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile Metal Ions onto Teff Straw (Eragrostis tef) Agricultural Waste
Authors: Desta Mulu Berhe
Published: September 2013

Adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) onto Activated Teff Straw (ATS) has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost adsorbent ATS for the removal of heavy metals from textile effluents. The influence of contact time, pH, Temperature, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was also studied. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimal removal efficiency was reached within about 1 hour. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that is, the adsorption phase reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir model. The value in the present investigation was less than one, indicating that the adsorption of the metal ion onto ATS is favorable. After treatment with ATS the levels of heavy metals were observed to decrease by 88% (Ni), 82.9% (Cd), 81.5% (Cu), 74.5% (Cr), and 68.9% (Pb). Results indicate that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent, Teff straw can be treated as economically viable for the removal of metal ions from textile effluents.
Throughput-Optimal Scheduling for Cooperative Communications in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Huynh Thong , Hwang Won-Joo , Lee Suk-Hwan
Published: September 2013

Cooperative communications that take advantage of the broadcasting nature of wireless environments can help to increase system throughput in wireless ad hoc networks. However, the promised throughput might be lost in presence of the error transmission and the interference caused by relay transmission in cooperative communication. In this paper, we introduced the relay selection schemes that can control the interference at the relay to prevent the relay that may harm other pairs. Then, we proposed the throughput-optimal scheduling that takes into account error probability in decision and maximizes throughput, that is, the amount of packets transmitted without error in network. In addition, we derive a simple and lightweight framework to implement the proposed policy in distributed manner. The simulation results show that the proposed scheduling policy outperforms the noncooperative policy and multihop relay policy.
Pentraxins: Structure, Function, and Role in Inflammation
Authors: Du Clos Terry W.
Published: September 2013

The pentraxins are an ancient family of proteins with a unique architecture found as far back in evolution as the Horseshoe crab. In humans the two members of this family are C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P. Pentraxins are defined by their sequence homology, their pentameric structure and their calcium-dependent binding to their ligands. Pentraxins function as soluble pattern recognition molecules and one of the earliest and most important roles for these proteins is host defense primarily against pathogenic bacteria. They function as opsonins for pathogens through activation of the complement pathway and through binding to Fc gamma receptors. Pentraxins also recognize membrane phospholipids and nuclear components exposed on or released by damaged cells. CRP has a specific interaction with small nuclear ribonucleoproteins whereas SAP is a major recognition molecule for DNA, two nuclear autoantigens. Studies in autoimmune and inflammatory disease models suggest that pentraxins interact with macrophage Fc receptors to regulate the inflammatory response. Because CRP is a strong acute phase reactant it is widely used as a marker of inflammation and infection.
Diversity and Antimicrobial Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of Olive Trees and Desert Truffles of Tunisia
Authors: Fhoula Imene , Najjari Afef , Turki Yousra , Jaballah Sana , Boudabous Abdelatif , Ouzari Hadda
Published: September 2013

A total of 119 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, by culture-dependant method, from rhizosphere samples of olive trees and desert truffles and evaluated for different biotechnological properties. Using the variability of the intergenic spacer 16S-23S and 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were identified as the generaLactococcus, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Weissella,andEnterococcus. All the strains showed proteolytic activity with variable rates 42% were EPS producers, while only 10% showed the ability to grow in 9% NaCl. In addition, a low rate of antibiotic resistance was detected among rhizospheric enterococci. Furthermore, a strong antibacterial activity against plant and/or pathogenic bacteria ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas savastanoi, the food-borneStaphylococcus aureus,andListeria monocytogeneswas recorded. Antifungal activity evaluation showed thatBotrytis cinereawas the most inhibited fungus followed byPenicillium expansum, Verticillium dahliae,andAspergillus niger. Most of the active strains belonged to the generaEnterococcusandWeissella. This study led to suggest that environmental-derived LAB strains could be selected for technological application to control pathogenic bacteria and to protect food safety from postharvest deleterious microbiota.
The Influence of Communication Range on Connectivity for Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Huang Yuanjiang , Martínez José-Fernán , Sendra Juana , López Lourdes
Published: September 2013

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of thousands of nodes that need to communicate with each other. However, it is possible that some nodes are isolated from other nodes due to limited communication range. This paper focuses on the influence of communication range on the probability that all nodes are connected under two conditions, respectively: (1) all nodes have the same communication range, and (2) communication range of each node is a random variable. In the former case, this work proves that, for [Formula: see text], if the probability of the network being connected is [Formula: see text], by means of increasing communication range by constant [Formula: see text], the probability of network being connected is at least [Formula: see text]. Explicit function [Formula: see text] is given. It turns out that, once the network is connected, it also makes the WSNs resilient against nodes failure. In the latter case, this paper proposes that the network connection probability is modeled as Cox process. The change of network connection probability with respect to distribution parameters and resilience performance is presented. Finally, a method to decide the distribution parameters of node communication range in order to satisfy a given network connection probability is developed.
Study on Microclimate Characteristics and Vertical Variation of Potential Evapotranspiration of theRobinia pseudoacaciaForest in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Guo Baoni , Jiang Qun’ou , Ru Hao , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2013

With the water and soil conservation forests ofRobinia pseudoacaciain the Malian beach of Hongqi farm, Ji County, Shanxi province, as the research object, this study estimated the potential evapotranspiration in the open space outside the forest and at the heights of 3 m, 6 m, and 10 m in the forests with the climate data during 2011-2012 and the upgraded Penman-Monteith formula; then, this study explored the microclimate characteristics inside and outside theRobinia pseudoacaciaforest and thereafter revealed the vertical variation rules of potential evapotranspiration ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The results indicate that the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and potential evapotranspiration at different heights above the ground surface showed similar changing trends, but with some variation during different periods. In addition, the weather also had impacts on the potential evapotranspiration. In April, July, and October, the change of potential evapotranspiration of theRobinia pseudoacaciaforests showed a bimodal curve in the sunny days and rainy days, while it showed a single-peak curve with quite small fluctuation in the rainy days. However, it showed a single-peak pattern even in the sunny days in January, and it showed no fluctuation in the snowy days in January.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations
Authors: Hussain S. Monira , Oldenburg Brian , Wang Yuanyuan , Zoungas Sophia , Tonkin Andrew M.
Published: September 2013

Although South Asian populations have high cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in the world, their patterns of individual CVD risk factors have not been fully studied. None of the available algorithms/scores to assess CVD risk have originated from these populations. To explore the relevance of CVD risk scores for these populations, literature search and qualitative synthesis of available evidence were performed. South Asians usually have higher levels of both “classical” and nontraditional CVD risk factors and experience these at a younger age. There are marked variations in risk profiles between South Asian populations. More than 100 risk algorithms are currently available, with varying risk factors. However, no available algorithm has included all important risk factors that underlie CVD in these populations. The future challenge is either to appropriately calibrate current risk algorithms or ideally to develop new risk algorithms that include variables that provide an accurate estimate of CVD risk.
LMW Heparin Prevents Increased Kidney Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in (NZBxNZW)F1 Mice
Authors: Hedberg Annica , Kanapathippillai Premasany , Rekvig Ole Petter , Fenton Kristin Andreassen
Published: September 2013

We have previously demonstrated that continuous infusion of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin delays autoantibody production and development of lupus nephritis in (NZBxNZW)F1 (B/W) mice. In this study we investigated the effect of LMW heparin on renal cytokine and chemokine expression and on nucleosome-mediated activation of nucleosome-specific splenocytes. Total mRNA extracted from kidneys of heparin-treated or -untreated B/W mice was analysed by qPCR for the expression of several cytokines, chemokines, and Toll-like receptors. Splenocytes taken from B/W mice were stimulated with nucleosomes with or without the presence of heparin. Splenocyte cell proliferation as thymidine incorporation and the expression of costimulatory molecules and cell activation markers were measured. Heparin treatment of B/W mice reduced thein vivoexpression of CCR2, IL1β, and TLR7 compared to untreated B/W mice. Nucleosome-induced cell proliferation of splenocytes was not influenced by heparin. The expression of CD80, CD86, CD69, CD25, CTLA-4, and TLR 2, 7, 8, and 9 was upregulated upon stimulation by nucleosomes, irrespective of whether heparin was added to the cell culture or not. In conclusion, treatment with heparin lowers the kidney expression of proinflammatory mediators in B/W mice but does not affect nucleosomal activation of splenocytes.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Suppresses Oxidative Stress-Induced Base Modification in DNA via Induction of the Repair Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-1
Authors: Kim Ki Cheon , Lee In Kyung , Kang Kyoung Ah , Cha Ji Won , Cho Suk Ju , Na Soo Young , Chae Sungwook , Kim Hye Sun , Kim Suhkmann , Hyun Jin Won
Published: September 2013

The modified guanine base 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is abundantly produced by oxidative stress, can contribute to carcinogenesis, and can be removed from DNA by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), which acts as an 8-oxoG glycosylase and endonuclease. This study investigated the mechanism by which 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) inhibits oxidative stress-induced 8-oxoG formation in hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4). DHF significantly reduced the amount of 8-oxoG induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and elevated the levels of OGG1 mRNA and protein. DHF increased the binding of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to antioxidant response element sequences in the upstream promoter region of OGG1. Moreover, DHF increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2, small Maf proteins, and the Nrf2/small Maf complex, all of which are decreased by H2O2treatment. Likewise, the level of phosphorylated Akt, which activates Nrf2, was decreased by H2O2treatment but restored by DHF treatment. The levels of OGG1 and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein were decreased upon treatment with PI3K inhibitor or Akt inhibitor, and DHF treatment did not restore OGG1 and nuclear Nrf2 levels in these inhibitor-treated cells. Furthermore, PI3K and Akt inhibitors abolished the protective effects of DHF in cells undergoing oxidative stress. These data indicate that DHF induces OGG1 expression via the PI3K-Akt pathway and protects cells against oxidative DNA base damage by activating DNA repair systems.
Time-Free Solution to Hamilton Path Problems Using P Systems withd-Division
Authors: Song Tao , Wang Xun , Zheng Hongjiang
Published: September 2013

P systems withd-division are a particular class of distributed and parallel computing models investigated in membrane computing, which are inspired from the budding behavior of Baker’s yeast (a cell can generate several cells in one reproducing cycle). In previous works, such systems can theoretically generate exponential working space in linear time and thus provide a way to solve computational hard problems in polynomial time by a space-time tradeoff, where the precise execution time of each evolution rule, one time unit, plays a crucial role. However, the restriction that each rule has a precise same execution time does not coincide with the biological fact, since the execution time of biochemical reactions can vary because of external uncontrollable conditions. In this work, we consider timed P systems withd-division by adding a time mapping to the rules to specify the execution time for each rule, as well as the efficiency of the systems. As a result, a time-free solution to Hamiltonian path problem (HPP) is obtained by a family of such systems (constructed in a uniform way), that is, the execution time of the rules (specified by different time mappings) has no influence on the correctness of the solution.
Cystic Echinococcosis in a Single Tertiary Care Center in Rome, Italy
Authors: Petrone Linda , Cuzzi Gilda , Colace Lidia , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Busi-Rizzi Elisa , Schininà Vincenzo , Pucillo Leopoldo , Angeletti Claudio , Pane Stefania , Di Caro Antonino , Bordi Eugenio , Girardi Enrico , Pozio Edoardo , Corpolongo Angela , Teggi Antonella , Brunetti Enrico , Goletti Delia
Published: September 2013

Background. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, clinically complex, and neglected disease. Its prevalence in Italy, a country of medium to high endemicity, remains poorly defined, as notification has long ceased to be mandatory.Methods. We set up a retrospective cohort study involving all CE patients followed at our institute between January 2005 and December 2012. Demographical and clinical features were recorded and analyzed.Results. CE was found in 28 patients (64.3%), mostly Italians from the central regions (50%), followed by subjects from the islands (33.3%) and Southern Italy (16.7%). Their median age was 45 years (IQR: 38.5–66.5), with Eastern Europeans being significantly younger (28 years, IQR: 19–39) than other patients (P≤0.0001). A total of 149 cysts, mostly with hepatic localization (96%), were described. Based on the WHO classification, the cysts were mainly small (80.5%) and active (CE1 (73.8%); CE2 (7.4%)). Active cysts were more common in Eastern Europeans (85.7%) than Italians (66.7%).Conclusion. Our data confirm CE occurrence in Italy. We emphasize the importance to have a national CE registry, opportunely recently introduced. This is essential to assess CE prevalence in this country, implement appropriate control measures, and improve patient management.
Lower Skin Cancer Risk in Women with Higher Body Mass Index: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Tang Jean Y. , Henderson Michael T. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Kubo Jessica , Desai Manisha , Sims Stacy T. , Aroda Vanita , Thomas Fridtjof , McTiernan Anne , Stefanick Marcia L.
Published: September 2013

The unclear relationship of obesity to incident melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risks was evaluated in the large, geographically diverse longitudinal, prospective Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational study. Risks of melanoma and NMSC in normal weight women were compared with risks in overweight [body mass index (BMI) = 25–29.0 kg/m2] and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) women, using Cox proportional hazards models for melanoma and logistic regression for NMSC. Over a mean 9.4 years of follow-up, there were 386 melanoma and 9,870 NSMC cases. Risk of melanoma did not differ across weight categories (P = 0.86), whereas in fully adjusted models, NMSC risk was lower in overweight [OR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–0.99] and obese (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.91) women (P < 0.001). Excess body weight was not associated with melanoma risk in postmenopausal women but was inversely associated with NMSC risk, possibly due to lower sun exposure in overweight and obese women. This supports previous work demonstrating the relationship between excess body weight and skin cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2412–5. ©2013 AACR.