bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zero‐Hopf bifurcation in a family of tritrophic food chain model with Holling III–III functional response
Authors: Castellanos Víctor , Llibre Jaume
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we apply the second‐order averaging theory for obtaining an explicit expression of the small amplitude periodic solution that bifurcates from a zero‐Hopf equilibrium point of a tritrophic food chain model. This model considers logistic growth rate for the lowest trophic level, Holling functional responses type III for the middle and for the highest level. We first prove that this model has a zero‐Hopf equilibrium point, after we show that from this equilibrium bifurcates a small limit cycle, and finally, we provide the explicit expression of the first two terms in the power series of this limit cycle. These differential systems for which the equilibrium point is non hyperbolic are not easy to study, in particular, if the equilibrium is zero‐Hopf. As far as we know, this is the first time that the averaging theory has been used to exhibit the first and second terms of the power series expansion of the analytical expression of a limit cycle that bifurcates from a zero‐Hopf equilibrium in the food chain models.
Development of an EGSnrc multi‐leaf collimator component module and treatment head model for a low‐field MRI linear accelerator
Authors: Etienne Thomas , Kim Joshua , Thind Kundan , Chetty Indrin J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) treatment machines enables the characterization of photon/electron interactions in the presence of a magnetic field. The EGSnrc MC code system is a well‐established system for radiation dose calculations. The multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) component modules presently available within the EGSnrc MC code system do not include a model of the double‐focused MLC available on a low‐field (0.35T) MRI linear accelerator (MR linac).

Purpose

Here we developed and validated a new component module (CM) for the low‐field MRgRT MLC using the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc code system. We performed detailed modeling of the treatment head and validated the model using measurements and calculations from the vendor‐specific treatment planning system (TPS).

Methods

The detailed geometry of the low‐field MR linac MLC and other treatment head structures were modeled using BEAMnrc. Comparisons of DOSXYZnrc simulated dose against measurements and the low‐field MR linac TPS for a variety of AAPM TG‐53 task group report suggested square and shaped fields, as well as a step‐and‐shoot intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan, are presented.

Results

Our model agrees with both measured and TPS calculated data on average within 2%/2 mm (dose/DTA) criterion for square field profiles. Output factors agreed within 1% for field sizes down to 2.49 × 2.49 cm2 and within 2% of TPS data for the smallest field size of 0.83 × 0.83 cm2. Shaped field and IMRT MC calculations agreed with measured and TPS data such that the gamma pass rates (3%/2 mm) were 99.5% and (3%/3 mm) 96.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

We developed and validated an MLC CM (SYNCVRMLC) for the low‐field MR linac using the EGSnrc MC code systems. This new CM will facilitate MC computation of fluence and dose distributions using BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc for patients treated on the low‐field MR linac.
Reduced‐Order Modeling for Second‐Order Computational Homogenization With Applications to Geometrically Parameterized Elastomeric Metamaterials
Authors: Guo T. , Kouznetsova V. G. , Geers M. G. D. , Veroy K. , Rokoš O.
Published: October 2024

The structural properties of mechanical metamaterials are typically studied with two‐scale methods based on computational homogenization. Because such materials have a complex microstructure, enriched schemes such as second‐order computational homogenization are required to fully capture their nonlinear behavior, which arises from nonlocal interactions due to the buckling or patterning of the microstructure. In the two‐scale formulation, the effective behavior of the microstructure is captured with a representative volume element (RVE), and a homogenized effective continuum is considered on the macroscale. Although an effective continuum formulation is introduced, solving such two‐scale models concurrently is still computationally demanding due to the many repeated solutions for each RVE at the microscale level. In this work, we propose a reduced‐order model for the microscopic problem arising in second‐order computational homogenization, using proper orthogonal decomposition and a novel hyperreduction method that is specifically tailored for this problem and inspired by the empirical cubature method. Two numerical examples are considered, in which the performance of the reduced‐order model is carefully assessed by comparing its solutions with direct numerical simulations (entirely resolving the underlying microstructure) and the full second‐order computational homogenization model. The reduced‐order model is able to approximate the result of the full computational homogenization well, provided that the training data is representative for the problem at hand. Any remaining errors, when compared with the direct numerical simulation, can be attributed to the inherent approximation errors in the computational homogenization scheme. Regarding run times for one thread, speed‐ups on the order of 100 are achieved with the reduced‐order model as compared to direct numerical simulations.
The point prevalence of stress incontinence among young adult Jordanian women based on activity levels
Authors: Manaseer Thaer S. , Al‐nassan Saad M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Stress Urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition among women of all ages. The point prevalence of SUI among young adult Jordanian women is less explored.

Objectives

To examine the point prevalence of SUI among this sample based on activity level, and whether the affected women have shared their complaints with healthcare providers and/or received education related to UI.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional survey‐based study. Participants with diseases that affect the control of micturition were excluded. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐UI Short‐Form was used to calculate the point prevalence of UI. The Tegner activity scale was used to classify participants based on their physical activity levels. The participants reported whether they shared their complaints with a healthcare provider or received education about this health problem.

Results

Five hundred women (median age = 20 years, BMI = 22) participated (118 competitive athletes, 192 recreational, and 190 sedentary). The overall point prevalence of SUI was 14% (n = 61). A chi‐square test of independence showed a significant difference in the point prevalence of SUI between women with different activity levels, χ2 (12) = 12.07, p < 0.01. The point prevalence of SUI among competitive athletes, recreational women, and sedentary women was 21%, 8%, and 11%, respectively. None of those with SUI have shared their complaints with healthcare providers or received education related to SUI.

Conclusion

SUI is prevalent among young adult Jordanian women, with the highest prevalence observed in those engaged in competitive athletic activities. The affected women refrain from disclosing their SUI‐related concerns to healthcare practitioners and lack sufficient knowledge about this health issue.
Current State and Challenges of Local Production of Vaccines in Nigeria
Authors: Adigwe Obi Peter , Onavbavba Godspower , Adebola Olajide Joseph , Ayeke Anthony , Sanyaolu Saheed Ekundayo , Agu Kenneth Anene
Published: October 2024

Background

Vaccination protects the population against infectious diseases and reduces their transmissibility. Potentials exist for local production of vaccines in Nigeria, as a means of addressing public health needs. However, challenges exist in certain critical aspects which limit development in this area. This study aimed at evaluating the challenges of local vaccines’ manufacturing in Nigeria from the perspectives of relevant stakeholders.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data obtained from the study were analysed descriptively.

Results

More than half of the study participants (55.5%) agreed that significant gaps exist with respect to access to vaccines in Nigeria. Only about one‐quarter of the respondents (25.8%) were of the view that relevant legislative frameworks exist to support government funding in the area of vaccine production. One‐third of the participants (32.3%) expressed confidence in the availability of trained human resources for vaccine production. Close to two‐thirds of the respondents (61.7%) expressed dissatisfaction regarding the current funding for vaccine research and development, and a similar proportion (65.2%) were of the opinion that a lack of local manufacturing capacity contributed to the sub‐optimal access to vaccines. Moreover, two‐thirds (62.3%) disagreed that Nigeria was prepared for future pandemics.

Conclusion

Ill‐suited policies, sub‐optimal infrastructure, and inadequate research and development funding, are some factors which the study identified as contributory to the lack of access to vaccines in Nigeria. There is a need to improve incentives, infrastructural development and build human resource capacity for vaccine research and development to enhance local production in Nigeria.
Contested circular economy and mixed social implications from practice: A scoping review
Authors: Liu Kang
Published: October 2024

‘Circular economy’ is a popular term used by various parties to refer to the necessary transition towards a sustainable future. Yet, there is still no consensus on its definition or application, the current discourse favours an approach that focuses on the technical improvement of material flows while neglects the social considerations. Consequently, despite circular economy's popularity, various social concerns have also been raised, including justice and equity. To better understand its social implications, this article reviews studies that reveal the social impacts of various practices that claim or are deemed to be circular economy. Using the scoping review method, the article finds that the categories most frequently reflected in these studies include livelihood, health, value, identity and community. However, the claimed impacts are often conditional and contradictory. These results suggest that circular economy still requires substantial theoretical and empirical development to better align it with the principle of sustainable development. Acknowledging the diversity of voices in the current circular economy field can be a starting point for stakeholders in terms of future research, policymaking and practice, while further transdisciplinary collaborations should also be explored.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extracts of Pterospermum Canescens and Vernonia Elaeagnifolia: Characterization, Platelet Aggregation and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Sherin C. T. Sadiya , Jayakumar T. , Anitha T. S. , Hsia Chih‐Wie , Sundarapandian SM.
Published: October 2024

Gold nanoparticles are extensively used across various industries, particularly in biomedical fields, due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and low toxicity. The rising use of gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications has increased the demand for more sustainable synthesis methods that reduce costs and environmental impacts compared to traditional chemical processes. This study presents a green synthesis approach utilizing leaf extracts from Pterospermum canescens and Vernonia elaeagnifolia. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV‐VIS, XRD, HRTEM‐SAED, FESEM‐EDX, XPS, and FTIR analyses. These characterizations confirmed the formation, size, shape, and morphological features of the nanoparticles, as well as the involvement of secondary plant metabolites in their synthesis. The nanoparticles were found to be less than 50 nm in size, with P.C AuNPs averaging 27.48 nm and V.E AuNPs averaging 14.79 nm. The particles predominantly exhibited spherical or distorted spherical shapes. In cytotoxicity assays using C6 rat glioma cells, both types of nanoparticles demonstrated significant effects. V.E AuNPs induced apoptosis in 78 % of the cells, while P.C AuNPs induced apoptosis in 50 %, confirming their cytotoxic efficacy. Gene expression studies further revealed that V.E AuNPs significantly upregulated caspase‐3 and downregulated BCL‐2, indicating a potent apoptotic response, while P.C AuNPs showed a similar but less pronounced effect. Additionally, in collagen‐induced platelet aggregation studies, V.E AuNPs exhibited substantial anti‐platelet activity with increasing dosages, reducing platelet aggregation to less than 10 % at a concentration of 30 μg/ml, compared to minimal inhibition by P.C AuNPs. Overall, the study demonstrates that gold nanoparticles synthesized from Vernonia elaeagnifolia and Pterospermum canescens are effective and offer promising applications in biomedicine. The results confirm the potential of these green‐synthesized nanoparticles for use in cancer treatment and sustainable anti‐platelet drug development
Ethylenediammonium Dihalide Assisted Direct Synthesis of Highly Luminescent and Stable CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Gautam Rajesh Kumar , Paul Sumanta , Samanta Anunay
Published: October 2024

Colloidal cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) hold promises in photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. However, their poor long‐term stability results in degradation of optical properties under ambient conditions. Various methods have been explored to address these issues. In this study, we demonstrate that following 3‐precursor hot‐injection method employing ethylenediammonium dihalide (EDAX2) as an additional ligand/halide source one can obtain phase‐pure, monodispersed, stable, and highly luminescent CsPbX3 NCs. Our violet‐emitting CsPbCl3, blue‐emitting CsPbClBr2, Green‐emitting CsPbBr3, yellow‐emitting CsPbBr2I, and red‐emitting CsPbI3 NCs show PLQYs of 53%, 97%, 96%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Moreover, the CsPbI3 NCs, which are known for their phase instability, exhibit stability for up to two months under ambient conditions. The enhanced stability and photoluminescence are attributed to strong binding of the bidentate ligand (EDA2+) to the surface of the NCs and effective removal of the halide‐deficiency trap states by X−.
An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chenodeoxycholic Acid from its Allo‐Epimer through Stereoselective Hydrogenation of 3‐Oxo‐chol‐Δ1,4‐dien‐24‐oate Scaffold
Authors: Liu Chao‐Lin , Zhang Zhe , Huang Huan , Zhang Da‐Jun , Li Jing , Dong Chang‐Zhi , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2024

Commercially valuable chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was firstly developed from undesirable allo‐CDCA via multiple reactions: esterification, selective oxidation of C3‐hydroxy, the introduction of 1,4‐dien through IBX and TFA, the stereoselective hydrogenation by Pd/C under basic solution, deprotection, enzymatic reduction of C3‐carbonyl. During the process, highly selective oxidants were found to oxidize the C3‐hydroxy generating allo‐3‐keto bile acid which was used as substrates to investigate the dehydrogenation under IBX, and the possible hydrogenation mechanism under Pd/C had been proposed based on the crystal data.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6‐Amino‐3‐phenyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Management
Authors: Khan Shabnam , Suhagia Bhanubhai N. , Prajapati Navnit , Teli Divya
Published: October 2024

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread and complex hormonal disorder occurs in women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and ovarian dysfunction. Current approaches to treating PCOS often address specific symptoms, highlighting the demand for innovative therapeutic agents that can tackle its multifaceted nature. The present study endeavors to investigate the potential of new chromen‐2‐one derivatives in the management of PCOS. A total of 30 derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on 5‐α reductase and antioxidant activities. Based on the promising in vitro activity and acute toxicity profile of 4‐methoxy‐N‐(3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐6‐yl) benzamide (29), it was selected for subsequent in vivo investigation in experimental animal models of PCOS. The study also includes molecular interaction analysis through docking and dynamic studies of compound (29).
Modern Synthetic Strategy for Adamantyl Organometallic Reagents and Functionalization of Adamantyl Frameworks
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan
Published: October 2024

This short review article demonstrates recent techniques for the typical conversion of adamantyl C(sp3)−Br bond to various C−C, C−N, and C−X bonds enabled by multiple conditions and reagents with the use of organometallic reagents. This work mainly focuses on developing a mild and convenient system for the selective preparation of substituted adamantyl zinc and magnesium reagents (Ad‐MX) bearing different functional groups on the adamantyl framework. The adamantane scaffolds were selectively functionalized using a various of catalytic methods, most likely organometallic‐Zn, Mg reagent‐mediated Negishi cross‐coupling reactions, acylation, arylation, thiolation, 1,2/1,4‐addition, alkynylation, amination, halogenation, and allylation, etc. Over the years adamantyl derivatives have been broadly studied in various medicinal applications, drug development, supramolecular chemistry, material science, and nanotechnologies, etc.
Morphology Optimization of Perovskite Films for Efficient Cells and Modules through Solvent Engineering
Authors: Li Xinzhu , Xu Yibo , Zhou Chenguang , Li Yue , Ding Jianning , Li Lvzhou , Yuan Ningyi
Published: October 2024

N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) has become one of the mainstream Lewis base ligand solvents for the fabrication of high‐quality FA‐based perovskite films. However, the NMP‐based perovskite films with small grain sizes always own a mirror surface which will increase the reflection of light and limit the current of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, 2‐pyrrolidone (NP) with a higher boiling point and stronger binding to precursor components is introduced into the precursor solution to improve the crystallization and morphology of perovskite. Finally, a rougher perovskite film with a larger grain size can be fabricated via an optimized NP and NMP mixed ligand solvent. Based on this strategy, the champion device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.20% (certified PCE of 23.81%) and 22.13% on an aperture area of 0.0875 and 22.96 cm2, respectively. In addition, the introduction of NP enhances the humidity and light stability of the film, and the device retained 94.1% of its initial efficiency after 120 h.
Investigation of Changes in Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Heat‐Treated Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) Tubers
Authors: Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , AlJuhaimi Fahad , Musa Özcan Mehmet , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad
Published: October 2024

In this study, the effects of microwave and oven systems on bioactive properties (total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity), fatty acids, polyphenols, and mineral contents of raw and roasted “Sarışeker” and “Balyumru” tubers are investigated. Antioxidant activity values of “Sarışeker” tigernut tubers roasted in microwave and oven systems are defined to be between 1.56 (540 W) and 2.57 mmolTE kg−1 (720 W) to 1.57 (80 and 120 °C) and 1.68 mmolTE kg−1 (100 °C), respectively. Gallic acid results of the “Sarışeker” and “Balyumru” tigernut tubers roasted in microwave are specified to be between 5.49 (720 W) and 6.59 mg/100 g (540 W) to 15.83 (900 W) and 21.47 mg/100 g (720 W), respectively. In general, the phenolic component values of the “Sarışeker” tigernut tubers roasted at different temperatures are higher than the “Sarışeker” tigernut samples roasted in the microwave. The oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid values of the oils obtained from “Sarışeker” tubers roasted in both roasting systems increase compared to the control. The heat treatment has different effects on the contents of different elements of the tigernut tubers. It has been observed that there are significant fluctuations in the amounts of minerals in the structure of foods as a result of the heat treatment applied.
Assessment of surface irrigation potential and crop water demand in Daramalo Wereda, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Derebe Melkamu Ateka , Asres Ligalem Agegn
Published: October 2024

Assessing available water and land resources as well as their potential for surface irrigation use is vital for sustainable agricultural development and planning. Agricultural irrigation also plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and reducing poverty in Ethiopia. However, it is dominated by rain‐fed agriculture, with rainfall distribution and intensity vary spatially and temporally. Enhancing agricultural water management and irrigation has the potential to increase agricultural productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate surface water potential and the irrigation water demand of Zage River sub‐watershed, which were estimated using hydrological model of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and CROPWAT8.0 software, respectively. Slope, soil type, drainage densities, land use/cover, and river proximity were the factors utilized to determine irrigation land suitability. A weighted overlay was completed, with 17.32% of irrigable lands found to be highly suitable, 41.29% moderately suitable, 37.61% marginally suitable, and 3.78% not suitable. The SWAT model result gave very good model performance indicator values of NE = 0.773 and R2 = 0.872 for calibration and NE = 0.771 & R2 = 0.945 for validation. The SWAT model result showed a total of 33.248 million m3 of surface runoff generated annually. Compared with irrigation water demand of 21.068 million m3, this suggests the watershed has high surface water potential for surface irrigation for selected crop types of the watershed. The findings of this research are relevant to improving local water management policies and practices and enable stakeholders to make decisions that enhance agricultural productivity and sustainable agricultural practices and help ensure the food security of local farmers.
Hierarchical Multi‐Component Self‐Assembly Involving Alkali and Lanthanide(III) Metal Ions and Water Soluble Sulfonated Calix[4]arene
Authors: Ling Irene , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Raston Colin L.
Published: October 2024

Solid state structural studies of three supramolecular coordination complexes establish the formation of hetero‐bimetallic two‐ and three‐dimensional ensembles involving sulfonated calix[4]arene, and sodium ions and low nuclearity lanthanide(III) ions. The interplay of components is altered in response to the addition of different auxiliary molecules during crystallisation which is associated with significant changes in the metal coordination environments and overall molecular packing, as established in comparing the structures of complexes of similar cell dimensions with those available in the literature. The sulfonated calixarene form a common self‐assembly array despite different lanthanides being incorporated, as an isostructural series of complexes. Crystallographic analysis shows a continually decreasing trend in the lanthanide–oxygen bond length as the lanthanide atomic number increases. As smaller molecules are incorporated to the hetero‐bimetallic calixarene system, the self‐assembly and the metal coordination environment are perturbed.
Roots of Architecture: Ways of Research
Authors: Vigliocco Elena
Published: October 2024

Can Architecture be produced without an architect? Yes. It has always been like this. The historic centers of our cities are the result of designs whose authors are often unknown, not because they are not essential but because they are unnecessary [1]. The interest of architects, but not only in authorship, dates back to the nineteenth century, a period of excellent building ferment in which incredible urban transformations sanctioned the idea of the house as a consumer good [2].
Practicing Care Through Architecture: Participatory Research as a Tool to Subvert Power Structures
Authors: Bertolino Nadia
Published: October 2024

The paper raises questions about the extent to which architectural research can function as a tool for challenging power dynamics and facilitating a critique of capitalism. This aligns with the assertion by Meiksins Wood that such a critique of capitalism “requires a constantly renewed critique of the analytic instruments designed to understand it” [1]. In the final chapter of “Critique of Architecture,” Spencer, in an interview with Kosec, asserts that architecture serves as the central and foundational arena for education, surveillance, and discipline [2]. Within this context, the paper seeks to explore this question by offering a critical examination of the recent participatory research project “Architectures of Care”. This project involved the mapping of social and environmental care practices within three self-organized communities in Italy, Turkey, and the UK. The paper will particularly focus on the challenges associated with conducting research through participatory methods, wherein participants become co-researchers. Additionally, it will address the controversial role of the “neutral researcher” within this framework. The “Architectures of Care” project provides valuable insights that contribute to the discussion of whether architecture can foster caring environments. Furthermore, it prompts reflection on the significance of involving self-organized communities in our research agenda. These communities are perceived as non-commodified agents that have the potential to challenge prevailing power structures, establish networks of care, and facilitate radical forms of social emancipation [3].
Level II Training and Development of Scientific and Didactic Content. The Case of Executive Master: Mountain-Able. Planning and Design for the Sustainable Development of Mountain
Authors: Corradi Emilia
Published: October 2024

In a fast-changing society, training architects to be one step ahead of the challenges that policies and regulations impose on architectural design has become increasingly necessary. Schools of architecture began to address the training of architects of the future to face new challenges. However, the scenario appears more complex for all those architects already working in the professional field and requires training in specific topics. This situation requires the development of progressively more specialized courses, especially for postgraduates. In addition to knowledge, adequate skills must be acquired to face the challenges posed by the EU Green Deal and the new European Bauhaus. The key is to create a higher level of training system that frames specific issues and themes, with a learning curve that always keeps the role of architecture at its centre as the process and outcome of the transformation of places and as a tool for serving residents and the community. The essay intends to illustrate the specific experience of the Mountain-Able: Planning and Design for the Sustainable Development of Mountain Executive Master project, activated by the Polytechnic of Milan's Department of Architecture and Urban Studies. The themes and issues addressed by the suggested specialist training course will necessarily combine themes of scale, multidisciplinarity, fragility, and community, which require the development of a very specific training platform to ensure students engage in hands-on specialist learning open to embracing contributions from other disciplines.
The Glass House Revisited
Authors: Kousidi Stamatina
Published: October 2024

The paper draws upon a pedagogical project that addressed the design of spaces for cohabitation, of new alliances between buildings and the natural environment, in the context of the contemporary city. First, it explores how the fantasy of the large-span, glazed, vegetated environment has shaped visionary projects, marking a shift of attention from the physical to the physiological and from the tangible to the intangible qualities of space which resonates with contemporary concerns on design for sustainability. Following the evolution of the glass house from a place of nature preservation to a vehicle of experimentation into new ways of inhabiting the city, it then examines the contemporary relevance of such a building type and how it has fostered new architectural narratives on the co-existence of people, buildings and plants. Second, the paper presents the methodology practiced in a postgraduate design studio at the AUIC School/Politecnico di Milano which aimed to raise awareness among students about the relational dimension of architecture and the reciprocal exchange between design and research. It discusses how, by revisiting the glass house figure, the studio output set out to generate new conceptual, aesthetic and design definitions of the architecture of the in-between, of spaces of transition between the natural and the manmade, inside and outside.
Participation of Stakeholders in Open Architectural and Urban Planning Competitions. Procedure Model and Application in Croatian Context
Authors: Lisac Rene , Careva Kristina
Published: October 2024

The participation of society in public spaces issues, though advocated for decades, experiences an increase in recent years. Citizen participation in Croatian spatial planning appears to be mostly declarative and formally takes place in the final stages of planning. On the contrary, the full benefits of integrative planning would be if participation of all sectors (civil, academic, economy and management structures) is continuous, especially important in the initial planning phase - forming the basic intentions.

The selection of the best spatial solution by architectural and urban planning competitions has a long and fruitful tradition in European societies. It represents a good yet hermetic method in searching for the most appropriate, most innovative and overall best solution whose authors remain anonymous till the very end of the selection.

The question is how to combine these two widely accepted and proven procedures into one, to acquire the best creative solution and raise awareness and involvement of the community?

The article will present recent case studies of participation in open competitions in Poland, Germany, Norway, and Croatia. The contribution of this paper is the effort to present systematically the ways of participation and how they are linked to individual groups of stakeholders within the competition procedure. Through the comparative analysis, highlighting benefits and challenges, the combined procedure model is proposed and applied in the Croatian context.
Studio Life: Mechanisms of Competition and Collaboration in Architectural Labour Processes
Authors: de Lima Amaral Camilo Vladimir
Published: October 2024

The aim of the current study is to explore creative labour production and reproduction processes in architectural design studios in Brazil, UK, Belgium and Italy. In contrast to free autonomy narratives, participant observation has evidenced three conflicting mechanisms in creative labour processes, namely: subjectification, distinction and hierarchical expropriation. This issue is pivotal in a transition period-of-time when architecture confronts the myths of geniuses and focuses on knowledge exchange paradigms. Architecture was not herein approached as substance nor as form (an immutable essence and ideal), rather, it was explored as processes engaged with discipline and dialectics. Discipline was investigated based on the Grounded Theory used to code conflicts and recurrences by focusing on how it reinforces subjectivities and practices. In addition, Action Research was used to explore architecture’s social dialectics by focusing on collaborative methodologies and on how architecture (re)produces ways of seeing by revealing (visualizing hidden properties), imagining (conceiving future scenarios) and refunding (articulating virtual seeds for shared social realities). Results have indicated proposals to result from collaborative work, subjectivities to be enclosed in hegemonic narratives, fantasies to hide the actual collective process of production, and allegedly individual creations to be forms of fetish. This finding suggests a paradigm transition still in course, with overlapping conflicts between invention and labour, competition and collaboration, distinction and collective dialogue, as well as seductive narratives and negotiated practices.
Morphological variations of fissures, lobes, and hilar pattern of the lung in a select South African sample
Authors: Seleka Refilwe , Petersen Megan , Mpolokeng Kentse Sana
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The lungs are essential respiratory organs divided into lobes by the horizontal and oblique fissures. The hilum, located on the mediastinal surface of each lung, is where the bronchus, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary arteries enter and exit. This study aims to investigate and record the variations in the morphology of lung fissures, lobes, and hilar patterns observed in a South African sample.

Methods and Materials

This cross-sectional observational study employed descriptive analysis. A total of 48 formalin-fixed bodies, comprising 24 females and 24 males from the Department of Human Biology at the University of Cape Town were studied were examined. Fissures were classified according to the Craig and Walker criteria.

Results and Discussion

Incomplete oblique fissures were found in 25 right lungs and 30 left lungs. Incomplete horizontal fissures were observed in 39 right lungs, and one right lung exhibited the absence of both horizontal and oblique fissures. Accessory fissures were present in five right and seven left lungs. Variations in the hilar pattern were noted, including differences in the number and arrangement of structures in both right and left lungs.

Conclusion

Variations were observed in the lobes, fissures and the hilar patterns of several lungs. Awareness of these morphological variations is crucial for surgeons and radiologist to avoid misdiagnosis and complications during surgical procedures.
Barbed sutures versus conventional sutures for wound closure in spine surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarhan Khalid , Elmahdi Reem Reda , Mohamed Rashad G. , Serag Ibrahim , Abouzid Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Suturing techniques for wound closure in spine surgeries play a critical role in patient outcomes, including wound healing, reintervention, and risk of complications. Barbed sutures, characterized by their self-anchoring properties, have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional sutures in various surgical disciplines. While previous studies have underscored their efficacy and safety in spine surgeries, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Therefore, we are undertaking this study. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on electronic databases to obtain the relevant studies until May 5, 2024. Our primary outcomes were operative time, wound closure time, and postoperative wound complications like seroma or hematoma formation and wound infection. The secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, reintervention rates, and costs. Data was pooled using a random effects model. We included seven eligible studies with a total of 8645 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that barbed sutures had shorter operative time and wound closure time compared to conventional sutures (MD -20.13 min, 95% CI [-28.47, -11.78], P < 0.001) and (MD -16.36 min, 95% CI [-20.9, -11.82], P < 0.001), respectively. Both suturing techniques showed comparable results in terms of overall postoperative wound complications (RR 0.83, 95% CI [0.60, 1.14], P = 0.25), postoperative infections (RR 0.59, 95% CI [0.33, 1.06], P = 0.08), length of hospital stay (MD -0.26 day, 95% CI [-0.75, 0.22], P = 0.28), rates of reintervention between the two groups (RR 0.99, 95% CI [0.48, 2.05], P = 0.98). Barbed sutures in spine surgeries are associated with significantly shortened wound closure and operative times. However, high-quality RCT’s with long-term follow-up and cost-effectiveness assessment are required to support the evidence.
Main Stages and Features of the Development of Husserl’s Conception of Metaphysics: Or How Might We Thematize the “Supreme and Ultimate Questions” in a Phenomenologically Legitimate Manner?
Authors: Marosan Bence Peter
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we provide an overview of the main stages in the development of Edmund Husserl’s conception of metaphysics, highlighting its most significant characteristics. We propose that Husserl’s views on metaphysics traversed three main stages: (1) from the early 1890s until his so-called “transcendental turn” around 1906/07; (2) from his transcendental turn until the late 1920s, and (3) the metaphysical conceptualization during the 1930s, aptly characterized as—following the interpretation of László Tengelyi—a “metaphysics of primal facts” (Urfakta, Urtatsache). We further demonstrate that Husserl’s considerations concerning metaphysics—throughout his entire opus—span three essential levels: (1) the epistemological level, in particular, phenomenological preparations to establish a foundation for metaphysics; (2) a level concerning metaphysics as the universal and ultimate science of reality, and (3) a level addressing metaphysics as a proper field of phenomenological investigations into the highest and ultimate questions (such as God and immortality). We argue in detail that Husserl attempted to render this field—which radically transcends the domain of possible intuitions (Anschauungen) and direct experience—accessible to a legitimate phenomenological treatment via the method of phenomenological constructions, prior to the efforts of Eugen Fink.
Sample Thickness and Edge Proximity Influence Spatial Behavior of Filaments and Treatment Uniformity of RF Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Polášková Kateřina , Nečas David , Dostál Lukáš , Klíma Miloš , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: October 2024

The ability of atmospheric pressure plasma jets to treat complex non-planar surfaces is often cited as their advantage over other atmospheric plasmas. However, the effect of complex surfaces on plasma parameters and treatment efficiency has seldom been studied. Herein, we investigate the interaction of the atmospheric pressure plasma slit jet (PSJ) with block polypropylene samples of different thicknesses (5 and 30 mm) moving at two different speeds. Even though the distance between the slit outlet and the sample surface was kept constant, the treatment efficiency of PSJ ignited in the Ar and $$\hbox {Ar/O}_2$$

Ar/O
2

gas feeds varied with the sample thickness due to the plasma parameters such as filament count and speed being affected by the different distances of the ground (the closer the ground is, the higher the discharge electric field). On the other hand, the $$\hbox {Ar/N}_2$$

Ar/N
2

PSJ diffuse plasma plumes were less affected by the changes in the electric field, and the treatment efficiency was the same for both sample thicknesses. Additionally, we observed a difference in the efficiency and uniformity of the PSJ treatment of the edges and the central areas in some working conditions. The treatment efficiency near the edges depended on the duration of the filament contact, i. e., how long the local electric field trapped the filaments. Conversely, the treatment uniformity near the edges and in the central areas was different if the number of filaments changed rapidly as the discharge moved on and off the sample (the 5 mm samples treated by easily sustained Ar PSJ).
The role of artificial intelligence in coronary CT angiography
Authors: van Herten Rudolf L. M. , Lagogiannis Ioannis , Leiner Tim , Išgum Ivana
Published: October 2024

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) offers an efficient and reliable tool for the non-invasive assessment of suspected coronary artery disease through the analysis of coronary artery plaque and stenosis. However, the detailed manual analysis of CCTA is a burdensome task requiring highly skilled experts. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made significant progress toward a more comprehensive automated analysis of CCTA images, offering potential improvements in terms of speed, performance and scalability. This work offers an overview of the recent developments of AI in CCTA. We cover methodological advances for coronary artery tree and whole heart analysis, and provide an overview of AI techniques that have shown to be valuable for the analysis of cardiac anatomy and pathology in CCTA. Finally, we provide a general discussion regarding current challenges and limitations, and discuss prospects for future research.
Moving towards a uniform diagnosis of coronary artery disease on coronary CTA
Authors: Celeng Csilla , Takx Richard A. P.
Published: October 2024

The Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardised reporting method which was created in order to improve communication with referring physicians as well as for management considerations. The CAD-RADS score denotes the absence or presence of stenosis, while plaque burden and potential modifiers provide insight into plaque extent and characteristics. The modifier ischaemia enables the incorporation of fractional flow reserve CT and CT perfusion, while the modifier exception is used to denote potential coronary abnormalities. Higher CAD-RADS categories demonstrate incremental prognostic value, with further improvement when taking plaque burden into account. CAD-RADS improves communication with the referring clinician as well as guiding therapeutic management and as such is relevant to uniform patient care in the Netherlands.
The influence of second-order metacognitive judgments on cognitive offloading within the monitoring-control relationship
Authors: Ma Yuan , Fujinami Tsutomu
Published: October 2024

Cognitive offloading refers to using an external medium such as paper to remember information rather than relying solely on memory. Previous research has suggested that individuals’ perceived memory performance may influence their decision to employ cognitive offloading as a learning strategy. However, ubiquitous distortions in metacognitive judgments limit the learning gains. Motivated by this, the current study incorporated second-order metacognitive judgments (SOJs) with distorted first-order metacognitive judgments (FOJs) within a learning context that allowed cognitive offloading. We investigated how individuals decide to employ cognitive offloading based on two levels of self-assessments. Eighty participants from the U.S. were recruited remotely to complete online paired-associate tasks. They learned 48 paired associates on an item-by-item basis, providing a FOJ, an SOJ, and a strategy (offload or not) on each trial. Our findings showed a significant effect of interaction between FOJs and SOJs on the selection of cognitive offloading. Additionally, there were significant variabilities in employing cognitive offloading across individual participants and word pairs. We concluded that SOJs influence the association between FOJs and strategy choices. Furthermore, we attributed the observed interaction to the assessment and regulation of SOJ about FOJ.
Adultish
Authors: Markey Charlotte
Published: October 2024

Discover the ultimate guide to taking on adulthood with body confidence. In a world where body satisfaction plummets during adolescence, and a global pandemic and social media frenzy have created extra pressure, Adultish is a survival kit for young adults. This all-inclusive book provides evidence-based information on everything from social media and sex to mental health and nutrition. Packed with valuable features like Q&As, myth-busting, real-life stories, and expert advice, it is a go-to source for discovering the importance of self-acceptance and embarking on a journey towards loving the skin you're in.
Concretising the Legal Professional Community in Late Imperial China, c. 1700–1900
Authors: Chen Li
Published: October 2024

This article examines the empire-wide legal professional community that emerged for the first time in Chinese history during the Qing period (1644–1911). By analyzing a wide range of archival records and primary sources, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic configurations of late imperial China’s legal culture and juridical field, as well as the thousands of legal specialists who shaped them. The findings challenge much of the received wisdom about late imperial China, which has too often been assumed as a Confucian society that discouraged the use of law and legal expertise and was therefore unlikely to have witnessed so many Confucian literati becoming legal specialists, both within and outside the judicial system.
Antibiotic stewardship bundle for uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia at an academic health system: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: DiPietro Juliana , Dubrovskaya Yanina , Marsh Kassandra , Decano Arnold , Papadopoulos John , Mazo Dana , Inglima Kenneth , Major Vincent , So Jonathon , Yuditskiy Samuel , Siegfried Justin
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To evaluate whether an antimicrobial stewardship bundle (ASB) can safely empower frontline providers in the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI).

Intervention and Method:

From March 2021 to February 2022, we implemented an ASB intervention for GN-BSI in the electronic medical record (EMR) to guide clinicians at the point of care to optimize their own antibiotic decision-making. We conducted a before-and-after quasi-experimental pre-bundle (preBG) and post-bundle (postBG) study evaluating a composite of in-hospital mortality, infection-related readmission, GN-BSI recurrence, and bundle-related outcomes.

Setting:

New York University Langone Health (NYULH), Tisch/Kimmel (T/K) and Brooklyn (BK) campuses, in New York City, New York.

Patients:

Out of 1097 patients screened, the study included 225 adults aged ≥18 years (101 preBG vs 124 postBG) admitted with at least one positive blood culture with a monomicrobial gram-negative organism.

Results:

There was no difference in the primary composite outcome (12.9% preBG vs. 7.3% postBG; P = 0.159) nor its individual components of in-hospital mortality, 30-day infection-related readmission, and GN-BSI recurrence. Vancomycin (VAN) discontinuation (DC) was done more frequently by the primary team in postBG (37.9% vs 66.7%; P < 0.001). In postBG, de-escalation done by the primary team increased by 8.8%, P = 0.310 and there was an 11.1% increase in the use of aminopenicillin-based antibiotics, P = 0.043.

Conclusions:

GN-BSI bundle worked as a nudge-based strategy to guide providers in VAN DC and increased de-escalation to aminopenicillin-based antibiotics without negatively impacting patient outcomes.
Carbon Pricing for International Shipping and Border Carbon Adjustment Mechanisms: A Case for Regulatory Cooperation
Authors: Dominioni Goran , Petit Christy Ann
Published: October 2024

The European Union (EU) has extended the application of the EU emissions trading scheme to international shipping and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and various countries are working on implementing instruments that put a price on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from this sector. Due to these policy developments, GHG emissions from shipping may become subject to multiple pricing instruments in the coming years. In response, stakeholders have voiced concerns over the potential negative impacts that this could have on both the shipping industry and international trade, and called for double pricing to be avoided. Against this background, this article discusses the potential pros and cons of double pricing GHG emissions from shipping and identifies options to reduce its negative impacts. Overall, the article finds that the case to avoid double pricing rests on a balance of competing interests, contextual factors, and instrument design. If policymakers aim to avoid double pricing, regulatory cooperation between policymakers working on shipping decarbonisation and border carbon adjustment mechanisms can provide important lessons on how to do so.