bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production and Storage of Gasifiable Slurries Based on Flash‐Pyrolyzed Straw
Authors: Nicoleit Thomas , Dahmen Nicolaus , Sauer Jörg
Published: December 2015

By means of the bioliq® process at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, flash‐pyrolyzed straw is converted into slurries made of pyrolysis condensates and char. These slurries can be gasified to produce syngas and, subsequently, synthetic fuels and chemicals. Investigations show that a stable slurry of the pyrolysis products is not miscible, as the condensates tend to split into organic and an aqueous phases. Thus, application of two different slurries is suggested: The organic condensates can be gasified directly, and the aqueous condensates can be mixed with 40 wt % ground straw char. This latter slurry is the focus of this work, which describes the mixing, settling, and stirring behavior. Grinding the porous and elongated char particles decelerates sedimentation and also decreases the viscosity. Thus, higher‐concentrated slurries can be mixed, which leads to higher stability.
A Primer on the Genetics of Comorbid Eating Disorders and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Munn‐Chernoff Melissa A. , Baker Jessica H.
Published: December 2015

Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co‐occur; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We review the current literature on genetic risk for EDs and SUDs, as well as preliminary findings exploring whether these classes of disorders have overlapping genetic risk. Overall, genetic factors contribute to individual differences in liability to multiple EDs and SUDs. Although initial family studies concluded that no shared familial (which includes genetic) risk between EDs and SUDs exists, twin studies suggest a moderate proportion of shared variance is attributable to overlapping genetic factors, particularly for those EDs characterized by binge eating and/or inappropriate compensatory behaviours. No adoption or molecular genetic studies have examined shared genetic risk between these classes of disorders. Research investigating binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours using emerging statistical genetic methods, as well as examining gene–environment interplay, will provide important clues into the aetiology of comorbid EDs and SUDs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Pharmaceuticals in the environment—Global occurrences and perspectives
Authors: aus der Beek Tim , Weber Frank-Andreas , Bergmann Axel , Hickmann Silke , Ebert Ina , Hein Arne , Küster Anette
Published: December 2015

Pharmaceuticals are known to occur widely in the environment of industrialized countries. In developing countries, more monitoring results have recently become available, but a concise picture of measured environmental concentrations (MECs) is still elusive. Through a comprehensive literature review of 1016 original publications and 150 review articles, the authors collected MECs for human and veterinary pharmaceutical substances reported worldwide in surface water, groundwater, tap/drinking water, manure, soil, and other environmental matrices in a comprehensive database. Due to the heterogeneity of the data sources, a simplified data quality assessment was conducted. The database reveals that pharmaceuticals or their transformation products have been detected in the environment of 71 countries covering all continents. These countries were then grouped into the 5 regions recognized by the United Nations (UN). In total, 631 different pharmaceutical substances were found at MECs above the detection limit of the respective analytical methods employed, revealing distinct regional patterns. Sixteen substances were detected in each of the 5 UN regions. For example, the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac has been detected in environmental matrices in 50 countries, and concentrations found in several locations exceeded predicted no-effect concentrations. Urban wastewater seems to be the dominant emission pathway for pharmaceuticals globally, although emissions from industrial production, hospitals, agriculture, and aquaculture are important locally. The authors conclude that pharmaceuticals are a global challenge calling for multistakeholder approaches to prevent, reduce, and manage their entry into and presence in the environment, such as those being discussed under the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management, a UN Environment Program. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:823–835. © 2015 SETAC
Influence of mesh deformation on the quality of large eddy simulations
Authors: Keskinen Jukka‐Pekka , Vuorinen Ville , Kaario Ossi , Larmi Martti
Published: December 2015

The influence of mesh motion on the quality of large eddy simulation (LES) was studied in the present article. A three‐dimensional, turbulent pipe flow (Reτ=360) was considered as a test case. Simulations with both stretching and static meshes were carried out in order to understand how mesh motion affects the turbulence statistics. The spatial filtering of static and moving mesh direct numerical simulation (DNS) data showed how an ideal LES would perform, while the comparison of DNS cases with static and moving meshes revealed that no significant numerical errors arise from the mesh motion when the simulation is fully resolved. The comparison of the filtered fields of the DNS with a moving mesh with the corresponding LES fields revealed different responses to mesh motion from different numerical approaches. A straightforward test was applied in order to verify that the moving mesh works consistently in LES: when the mesh is stretched in the streamwise direction, the moving mesh results should be in between the two extremal resolutions between which the mesh is stretched. Numerical investigations using four different LES approaches were carried out. In addition to the Smagorinsky model, three implicit LES approaches were used: linear interpolation (non‐dissipative), the Gamma limiter (dissipative), and the scale‐selective discretisation (slightly dissipative). The results indicate that while the Smagorinsky and the scale‐selective discretisation approaches produce results consistent with the resolution of the non‐static mesh, the implicit LES with linear interpolation or the Gamma scheme do not. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐lapse application of pressure transient analysis for monitoring compressible fluid leakage
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed A. , Alfi Masoud
Published: December 2015

Detecting early leakage of gaseous fluids from deep formations into shallower formations has financial and environmental implications and could potentially save commercial projects from expensive remediation. Detection of CO2leakage in the context of CO2geological storage and methane leakage at hydraulic‐fracturing sites is a possible scenario in which the approach described herein could be used. Any vertical leakage from a deep formation will most likely start with brine leakage, followed by arrival of the gaseous phase at the leakage pathway (faults, plugged and abandoned wells, fractures, etc.). We apply well‐known pressure transient analysis (PTA) techniques to solving challenges related to leakage monitoring, including distinguishing between brine and gaseous‐phase leakage and detecting leaks that may occur over a long period of time. The latter development is important because small leaks may not be detected by simple monitoring of absolute change in pressure. The proposed analysis is based on time‐lapse measurement of monitoring‐zone storativity (or total compressibility), and without loss of generality, we apply our analysis to CO2leakage scenarios. Our numerical results suggest that if well‐known PTA techniques are used, CO2leaks can be detected, allowing the volume of leaked CO2into the monitoring zone to be estimated. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
International Health Research after Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner
Authors: Rothstein Mark A.
Published: December 2015

On October 6, 2015, in Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner, the European Court of Justice, the European Union's highest court, held that the fifteen‐year‐old Safe Harbor Framework Agreement with the United States was invalid. Under the agreement, about forty‐five hundred American companies each year self‐certified to the U.S. Department of Commerce that they were in compliance with the essential privacy protections of the European Union, and therefore it was permissible for entities in the European Union to send personal data to these American companies. According to the court, because some American companies were making the personal data of E.U. citizens available to U.S. government agencies, such as the National Security Agency (NSA), the fundamental privacy interests of E.U. citizens were not being protected. As a result of this court decision there has been considerable speculation about what, if any, effect the case has on international collaboration in health research, in particular, the sharing of personal data by E.U. researchers with their U.S. colleagues.
Structural and functional connectivity in healthy aging: Associations for cognition and motor behavior
Authors: Hirsiger Sarah , Koppelmans Vincent , Mérillat Susan , Liem Franziskus , Erdeniz Burak , Seidler Rachael D. , Jäncke Lutz
Published: December 2015

Age‐related behavioral declines may be the result of deterioration of white matter tracts, affecting brain structural (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) during resting state. To date, it is not clear if the combination of SC and FC data could better predict cognitive/motor performance than each measure separately. We probed these relationships in the cingulum bundle, a major white matter pathway of the default mode network. We aimed to attain deeper knowledge about: (a) the relationship between age and the cingulum's SC and FC strength, (b) the association between SC and FC, and particularly (c) how the cingulum's SC and FC are related to cognitive/motor performance separately and combined. We examined these associations in a healthy and well‐educated sample of 165 older participants (aged 64‐85). SC and FC were acquired using probabilistic tractography to derive measures to capture white matter integrity within the cingulum bundle (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivity) and a seed‐based resting‐state functional MRI correlation approach, respectively. Participants performed cognitive tests measuring processing speed, memory and executive functions, and motor tests measuring motor speed and grip force. Our data revealed that only SC but not resting state FC was significantly associated with age. Further, the cingulum's SC and FC showed no relation. Different relationships between cognitive/motor performance and SC/FC separately were found, but no additive effect of the combined analysis of cingulum's SC and FC for predicting cognitive/motor performance was apparent. Hum Brain Mapp 37:855–867, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Cavallin Marta , Piano Salvatore , Romano Antonietta , Fasolato Silvano , Frigo Anna Chiara , Benetti Gianpiero , Gola Elisabetta , Morando Filippo , Stanco Marialuisa , Rosi Silvia , Sticca Antonietta , Cillo Umberto , Angeli Paolo
Published: December 2015

In patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), terlipressin has been used either as continuous intravenous infusion or as intravenous boluses. To date, these two approaches have never been compared. The goal of this study was to compare the administration of terlipressin as continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of type 1 HRS. Seventy‐eight patients were randomly assigned to receive either continuous intravenous infusion (TERLI‐INF group) at the initial dose of 2 mg/day or intravenous boluses of terlipressin (TERLI‐BOL group) at the initial dose of 0.5 mg every 4 hours. In case of no response, the dose was progressively increased to a final dose of 12 mg/day in both groups. Albumin was given at the same dose in both groups (1 g/kg of body weight at the first day followed by 20‐40 g/day). Complete response was defined by decrease of serum creatinine (sCr) from baseline to a final value ≤133 μmol/L, partial response by a decrease ≥50% of sCr from baseline to a final value >133 μmol/L. The rate of adverse events was lower in the TERLI‐INF group (35.29%) than in the TERLI‐BOL group (62.16%, P < 0.025). The rate of response to treatment, including both complete and partial response, was not significantly different between the two groups (76.47% versus 64.85%; P value not significant). The mean daily effective dose of terlipressin was lower in the TERLI‐INF group than in the TERLI‐BOL group (2.23 ± 0.65 versus 3.51 ± 1.77 mg/day; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion is better tolerated than intravenous boluses in the treatment of type 1 HRS. Moreover, it is effective at doses lower than those required for intravenous bolus administration. (Hepatology 2016;63:983–992)
Identification of p38 MAPK and JNK as new targets for correction of Wilson disease‐causing ATP7B mutants
Authors: Chesi Giancarlo , Hegde Ramanath N. , Iacobacci Simona , Concilli Mafalda , Parashuraman Seetharaman , Festa Beatrice Paola , Polishchuk Elena V. , Di Tullio Giuseppe , Carissimo Annamaria , Montefusco Sandro , Canetti Diana , Monti Maria , Amoresano Angela , Pucci Piero , van de Sluis Bart , Lutsenko Svetlana , Luini Alberto , Polishchuk Roman S.
Published: December 2015

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by the toxic accumulation of copper (Cu) in the liver. The ATP7B gene, which is mutated in WD, encodes a multitransmembrane domain adenosine triphosphatase that traffics from the trans‐Golgi network to the canalicular area of hepatocytes, where it facilitates excretion of excess Cu into the bile. Several ATP7B mutations, including H1069Q and R778L that are two of the most frequent variants, result in protein products, which, although still functional, remain in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, they fail to reach Cu excretion sites, resulting in the toxic buildup of Cu in the liver of WD patients. Therefore, correcting the location of these mutants by leading them to the appropriate functional sites in the cell should restore Cu excretion and would be beneficial to help large cohorts of WD patients. However, molecular targets for correction of endoplasmic reticulum‐retained ATP7B mutants remain elusive. Here, we show that expression of the most frequent ATP7B mutant, H1069Q, activates p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase signaling pathways, which favor the rapid degradation of the mutant. Suppression of these pathways with RNA interference or specific chemical inhibitors results in the substantial rescue of ATP7BH1069Q (as well as that of several other WD‐causing mutants) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans‐Golgi network compartment, in recovery of its Cu‐dependent trafficking, and in reduction of intracellular Cu levels. Conclusion: Our findings indicate p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase as intriguing targets for correction of WD‐causing mutants and, hence, as potential candidates, which could be evaluated for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat WD. (Hepatology 2016;63:1842‐1859)
Corrin Syntheses. Part III
Authors: Pesaro Mario , Elsinger Fritz , Boos Helmut , Felner‐Cabogy Ivo , Gribi Hanspeter , Wick Alexander , Gschwend Heinz , Eschenmoser Albert
Published: December 2015

Since our work on corrin synthesis was intended to be a model study for the construction of the ligand system of vitamin B12 (cf. Part I of this series), the choice of an A/D component that would contain an angular Me group at the junction between rings A and D seemed crucial. Such a Me group was expected to direct (through its steric impact) a regioselective functionalization of the two carbonyl groups of a corresponding dilactam structure that appeared to be the obvious type of intermediate in the construction of an A/D component. The target A/D structure envisaged originally was the methyl ester derivative 1a (cf. Fig. 1). However, observations in an early phase of our work made it clear that we better aim at the nitrile derivative 1b, instead of the corresponding methyl ester. Nitrile 1b was in fact synthesized, but not used as A/D component, because, on the way to its synthesis, the opportunity emerged to prepare structure 2. As A/D component, 2 differs from 1b by the isomeric positioning of the angular Me group, it could be prepared regio‐ as well as stereoselectively and, therefore, much more efficiently than 1b.
Corrin Syntheses. Part VI
Authors: Yamada Yasuji , Wehrli Pius , Miljkovic Dusan , Wild Hans‐Jakob , Bühler Niklaus , Götschi Erwin , Golding Bernard , Löliger Peter , Gleason John , Pace Brian , Ellis Larry , Hunkeler Walter , Schneider Peter , Fuhrer Walter , Nordmann René , Srinivasachar Kasturi , Keese Reinhart , Müller Klaus , Neier Reinhard , Eschenmoser Albert
Published: December 2015

As already extensively discussed inPart Iof this series, the ‘climax’ of the studies at the ETH on the synthesis of corrins was reached with the conception and experimental realization of the corrin synthesisviaa final ring closure between ringsAandDby the photochemicalA/D‐secocorrin→corrin cycloisomerization. As it was the case for the ‘old corrin synthesis’, described inPart IVof this series [4], the ‘new synthesis’ was first explored in a model system, before it became the antetype of the photochemical variant of the synthesis of vitamin B12.
The conceptualisation of forgiveness among Turkish children and adolescents
Authors: Taysi Ebru , Orcan Fatih
Published: December 2015

This study examined (a) how Turkish children and adolescents define forgiveness, (b) the association between self‐reported forgiveness and the concepts participants hold and (c) the association between self‐reported forgiveness and age. Three hundred and sixty‐seven Turkish children in primary (N = 220) and secondary schools (N = 147) were involved in the study. Participants were asked to define forgiveness, and the study used the Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI‐C). Participants' conceptions of forgiveness were categorised into four groups: conditional forgiveness, reconciliation, ignoring the hurtful event and affective reactions. Half of all the participants in the study were found to be in the conditional forgiveness category. Turkish children were found to be mostly in the category of conditional forgiveness, reconciliation and affective reactions compared with adolescents. Adolescents were mainly found to be in the ignoring the hurtful event category. The highest self‐reported forgiveness mean was in the affective reactions category. Participants were commonly offended by friends, siblings, teachers and fathers. No correlation was found between self‐reported forgiveness and age. The present results expand the literature of forgiveness by presenting evidence that Turkish children's and adolescents' understanding of forgiveness moderately relates to theoretical definitions.
Using lag schedules to strengthen the intraverbal repertoires of children with autism
Authors: Contreras Bethany P. , Betz Alison M.
Published: December 2015

Previous research has demonstrated the utility of using lag schedules of reinforcement to increase response variability of children with autism. However, little research has evaluated whether the lag schedule promotes variability from within an already‐established repertoire or expands the current repertoire by promoting the use of new responses (i.e., those not previously demonstrated). Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the extent to which lag schedules of reinforcement produced already‐established intraverbal responses or novel responses for 3 children with autism. Results showed that lag schedules alone were sufficient to increase the number of different responses emitted for 2 participants, whereas brief variability training was needed for 1 participant. Further, some participants emitted novel responses throughout the experiment, suggesting that lag schedules may be an effective method for expanding a response class.
Discrimination of Fluoroamphetamine Regioisomers by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yung‐Fou , Liu Ju‐Tsung , Pan Dong‐Shyogn
Published: December 2015

The ability of a portable Raman spectrometer to perform on‐site and real time discrimination of fluoroamphetamine regioisomers demonstrated in this study. It suggests the presence and the position shifts of Star of David ring breathing vibration around 1000 cm−1 and CF stretching vibrations are assigned at 1232 cm−1 (2‐FA), 1241 cm−1 (3‐FA) and 1217 cm−1 (4‐FA) are good indicators to differentiate ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐FAs, whereas the CF vibrational shifts can help to confirm the determination.
Unraveling the electronic structure of transition metal dimers using resonant four‐wave mixing
Authors: Visser B. , Beck M. , Bornhauser P. , Knopp G. , Gerber T. , Abela R. , van Bokhoven J. A. , Radi P. P.
Published: December 2015

The potential of two‐color resonant and degenerate four‐wave mixing spectroscopy for investigations of the complex spectra of transition metal dimers is explored. Two‐color resonant and degenerate four‐wave mixing spectroscopy scans of the well‐known A‐X and B‐X transitions in Cu2 are reported and compared with previous experimental data obtained from standard single‐resonance techniques. The selectivity of the method is shown to enable the measurement of isotopologue pure spectra without the need for isotopically enriched metal targets. Specific subsets of the rovibronic structure are separated in a congested spectral region of overlapping transitions. The sensitivity of the method compares satisfactorily with linear spectroscopic methods such as laser‐induced fluorescence and cavity ring‐down. A new laser vaporization source for the production of transition metal dimers and clusters has been constructed. The new design aims for a high number density and maximum possible shot‐to‐shot stability. The possibilities of further applications of non‐linear four‐wave mixing spectroscopy to Cu2 and other transition metal dimers are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optic nerve sheath fenestration using a Raman‐shifted alexandrite laser
Authors: Kozub John , Shen Jin H. , Joos Karen M. , Prasad Ratna , Hutson M. Shane
Published: December 2015

Background and Objective

Optic nerve sheath fenestration is an established procedure for relief of potentially damaging overpressure on the optic nerve resulting from idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Prior work showed that a mid‐IR free‐electron laser could be delivered endoscopically and used to produce an effective fenestration. This study evaluates the efficacy of fenestration using a table‐top mid‐IR source based on a Raman‐shifted alexandrite (RSA) laser.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Porcine optic nerves were ablated using light from an RSA laser at wavelengths of 6.09, 6.27, and 6.43 μm and pulse energies up to 3 mJ using both free‐space and endoscopic beam delivery through 250‐μm I.D. hollow‐glass waveguides. Waveguide transmission was characterized, ablation thresholds and etch rates were measured, and the efficacy of endoscopic fenestration was evaluated for ex vivo exposures using both optical coherence tomography and histological analysis.

Results

Using endoscopic delivery, the RSA laser can effectively fenestrate porcine optic nerves. Performance was optimized at a wavelength of 6.09 μm and delivered pulse energies of 0.5–0.8 mJ (requiring 1.5–2.5 mJ to be incident on the waveguide). Under these conditions, the ablation threshold fluence was 0.8 ± 0.2 J/cm2, the ablation rate was 1–4 μm/pulse, and the margins of ablation craters showed little evidence of thermal or mechanical damage. Nonetheless, nominally identical exposures yielded highly variable ablation rates. This led to fenestrations that ranged from too deep to too shallow—either damaging the underlying optic nerve or requiring additional exposure to cut fully through the sheath. Of 48 excised nerves subjected to fenestration at 6.09 μm, 16 ex vivo fenestrations were judged as good, 23 as too deep, and 9 as too shallow.

Conclusions

Mid‐IR pulses from the RSA laser, propagated through a flexible hollow waveguide, are capable of cutting through porcine optic nerve sheaths in surgically relevant times with reasonable accuracy and low collateral damage. This can be accomplished at wavelengths of 6.09 or 6.27 μm, with 6.09 μm slightly preferred. The depth of ex vivo fenestrations was difficult to control, but excised nerves lack a sufficient layer of cerebrospinal fluid that would provide an additional margin of safety in actual patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:270–280, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticle‐Triplet Emitter Hybrids in Aqueous Dispersion: Fabrication and Fluorescence Quenching Behavior
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sujoy , Métivier Rémi , Pallavi Pragyan , Preis Eduard , Nakatani Keitaro , Landfester Katharina , Patra Abhijit , Scherf Ullrich
Published: December 2015

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles based on poly[9,9‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)fluorene] and poly[N‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐N,N‐diphenylamine)‐4,4′‐diyl] are fabricated using anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate in water by miniemulsion technique. Average diameters of polyfluorene and polytriarylamine nanoparticles range from 70 to 100 and 100 to 140 nm, respectively. The surface of the nanoparticles is decorated with triplet emitting dye, tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride. Intriguing photophysics of aqueous dispersions of these hybrid nanoparticles is investigated. Nearly 50% quenching of fluorescence is observed in the case of dye‐coated polyfluorene nanoparticles; excitation energy transfer is found to be the dominant quenching mechanism. On the other hand, nearly complete quenching of emission is noticed in polytriarylamine nanoparticle‐dye hybrids. It is proposed that the excited state electron transfer from the electron‐rich polytriarylamine donor polymer to Ru complex leads to the complete quenching of emission of polytriarylamine nanoparticles. The current study offers promising avenues for developing aqueous solution processed‐electroluminescent devices involving a conjugated polymer nanoparticle host and Ru or Ir‐based triplet emitting dye as the guest.

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Associations and Implications of Low Health Literacy in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fleisher Jori E. , Shah Krunal , Fitts Whitney , Dahodwala Nabila A.
Published: December 2015

Background

Low health literacy (HL) indicates a limited ability to understand and use basic information to make appropriate health care decisions. Whereas low HL is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in multiple chronic conditions, little is known about HL and its associations in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of nondemented adults with PD participating in the National Parkinson Foundation Parkinson's Outcomes Project at the University of Pennsylvania. Subjects were administered two brief HL assessments—the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine‐Short Form (REALM‐SF), a word‐recognition test, and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), a test of literacy, numeracy, and understanding of health information—as well as demographic and clinical questionnaires. Adverse outcomes included falls in the 3 months preceding the study visit and hospital admissions, emergency room visits, infections, or injuries in the preceding year. Caregiver burden was measured using the Multidimensional Caregiver Strain Index.

Results

A total of 168 subjects completed both HL screens (mean, 65.8 years; 65.5% male; 65.2% H & Y stage 2). Using the REALM‐SF, 97.6% of subjects had adequate HL. Using the NVS, however, 29.8% had low HL, which was associated with older age, lower education, male sex, greater disease severity, and poorer cognition. Low HL was associated with hospital admission and increased caregiver burden.

Conclusions

Low HL is common and associated with greater caregiver burden and a higher likelihood of hospitalization in patients with PD. Because HL is associated with both disease severity and adverse outcomes, it may be an important, modifiable contributor to morbidity.
Dystonia in Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: Markovic Vladana , Dragasevic‐Miskovic Natasa T. , Stankovic Iva , Petrovic Igor , Svetel Marina , Kostić Vladimir S.
Published: December 2015

Dystonia has been described in various genetically proven spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), most often in SCA3, SCA17, and SCA2 patients. In this report, we describe different types of dystonia observed in 5 of our 11 SCA2 patients. All our patients had cranial and/or cervical dystonia with focal or segmental distribution. Except for 1 case with isolated cervical dystonia, all other patients had lower cranial affection of variable severity. Although it is difficult to describe ataxia‐dystonia syndrome that would be highly characteristic for SCA2, we suggest that occurrence of dystonia in a patient with slowly evolving cerebellar disease should, besides SCA3 and SCA17, also suggest SCA2 testing. In patients with lower cranial dystonia, especially jaw and tongue dystonia, SCA2 should be considered during the diagnostic workup.
A particle‐based moving interface method (PMIM) for modeling the large deformation of boundaries in soft matter systems
Authors: Foucard Louis , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: December 2015

The mechanics of the interaction between a fluid and a soft interface undergoing large deformations appear in many places, such as in biological systems or industrial processes. We present an Eulerian approach that describes the mechanics of an interface and its interactions with a surrounding fluid via the so‐called Navier boundary condition. The interface is modeled as a curvilinear surface with arbitrary mechanical properties across which discontinuities in pressure and tangential fluid velocity can be accounted for using a modified version of the extended finite element method. The coupling between the interface and the fluid is enforced through the use of Lagrange multipliers. The tracking and evolution of the interface are then handled in a Lagrangian step with the grid‐based particle method. We show that this method is ideal to describe large membrane deformations and Navier boundary conditions on the interface with velocity/pressure discontinuities. The validity of the model is assessed by evaluating the numerical convergence for a axisymmetrical flow past a spherical capsule with various surface properties. We show the effect of slip length on the shear flow past a two‐dimensional capsule and simulate the compression of an elastic membrane lying on a viscous fluid substrate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molards and Their Relation to Landslides Involving Permafrost Failure
Authors: Milana Juan Pablo
Published: December 2015

Molards are conical‐shaped, often symmetrical debris mounds with a distinctive radial grain size gradation, which were first named in the Alps over 100 years ago. Historically, these landforms did not receive much academic attention as they were rarely observed. Today, six different genetic hypotheses can be applied to molards, and the most recent has suggested a link to permafrost failure. The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that molards result from the failure of permafrost‐bearing ground and subsequent thawing of the frozen debris boulders. This hypothesis is tested by: (1) reviewing the known global distribution of molard‐bearing mass movements with respect to permafrost distribution; (2) investigating a landslide in the Andes of Argentina that unequivocally relates to permafrost failure; (3) describing and interpreting the external and internal structure of molards, applying sedimentary transport concepts; and (4) reproducing molards by laboratory simulation. The results show that, with few exceptions, molards are produced by melt‐out of ground ice in permafrost blocks. In particular, a permafrost source of the mass flow is more certain for landslide deposits that are densely populated by molards. This study serves to reappraise the presence of molards as they could be used to track ground ice loss and potential permafrost degradation in mountainous areas and hence climate change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soft Systems Methodology and Interdisciplinarity in Management Education
Authors: Cezarino Luciana O. , Liboni Lara B. , Oliveira Marcia F. , Caldana Adriana C. F.
Published: December 2015

One negative point of management education is the lack of integration between the disciplines that restrains a systemic view. Moreover, there is not much research about an interdisciplinary approach to management. This paper applies soft systems methodology to develop a scale of interdisciplinarity in order to evaluate management education. We conclude that interdisciplinarity in management education is a social system that requires complex thinking development for management students. The scale addresses three dimensions: curriculum structure, organization and didactics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language and Sexual Difference
Authors: Sellers Susan
Published: December 2015

An accessible introduction to French feminist theory and contemporary French women's writing for non-French speakers. The book offers a context to this challenging, controversial body of work by giving clear accounts of the philosophical, post-structural and psychoanalytic debates which have had such an impact on French intellectual life in recent years, and to which French feminist writers offer a response.
Modeling and Analysis of Spindle with Active Magnetic Bearings for High-Speed Milling Process
Authors: Barkallah M. , Bouaziz A. , Bouaziz S. , Choley J.-Y. , Haddar M.
Published: December 2015

The high speed milling represents the most important process to produce parts in different fields such as aeronautics, automotive and mould. It allows obtaining parts with complex form and with the best surface quality. So, it remains essential to understand the impact of both the cutting force model and its parameters on the tool tip response. Consequently, the mastering of chatter vibration in milling and surface properties of the work piece is essential. In this paper, the simulation of machining is applied to determine the cutting forces distribution. A spindle system modeling is presented using a new approach: Both rigid and flexible modes of the spindle's shaft are taken into account. The shaft is discretized with the Timoshenko beam finite elements with different circular sections. Nonlinear electromagnetic loads exerted by AMBs are computed in terms of the nominal air gap between bearings and spindle, the control current and the displacement of each node. A parametric study is performed to determine the influence of some parameters, such as the feed rate, the tangential cutting coefficient, the spindle speed and the axial depth of the cut on the cutting forces and the chatter vibrations in milling.
Explication de texte: “Adventures of Menakhem-Mendl,” Sholem Aleichem in Moscow, Oxford, and Toronto
Authors: Shternshis Anna
Published: December 2015

How does one teach a nineteenth-century Yiddish novel to twenty-first-century Canadian undergraduates? Can Jewish literature be of interest to nonheritage learners? The piece analyzes strategies of teaching of Letters of Menakhem Mendl written by the Ukrainian Yiddish writer Sholem Aleichem at the end of the nineteenth century. The trajectory of teaching the novel in the context of Jewish studies to the context of diaspora studies provides unexpected insight into the meaning of this text.
The Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS): a new hospital screening tool for malnutrition
Authors: Roller Regina E. , Eglseer Doris , Eisenberger Anna , Wirnsberger Gerhard H.
Published: December 2015

Despite the significant impact of malnutrition in hospitalised patients, it is often not identified by clinical staff in daily practice. To improve nutritional support in hospitals, standardised routine nutritional screening is essential. The Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS) tool was developed for the purpose of malnutrition risk screening in a large hospital setting involving different departments. It was the aim of the present study to validate the GMS against Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) and Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form (MNA-sf) in a randomised blinded manner. A total of 404 randomly selected patients admitted to the internal, surgical and orthopaedic wards of the University Hospital Graz were screened in a blinded manner by different raters. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the GMS with the NRS and in older patients (70+ years) with the MNA-sf additionally. According to GMS, 31·9 or 28·5 % of the admitted patients were categorised as at ‘risk of malnutrition’ (depending on the rater). According to the reference standard of NRS, 24·5 % of the patients suffered from malnutrition. Pearson’srvalues of 0·78 compared with the NRS and 0·84 compared with the MNA showed strong positive correlations. Results of accuracy (0·85), sensitivity (0·94), specificity (0·77), positive predictive value (0·76) and negative predictive value (0·95) of GMS were also very high. Cohen’sκfor internal consistency of the GMS was 0·82. GMS proves to be a valid and reliable instrument for the detection of malnutrition in adult patients in acute-care hospitals.
A State Polytope Decomposition Formula
Authors: Hyeon Donghoon , Kim Jaekwang
Published: December 2015

We give a decomposition formula for computing the state polytope of a reducible variety in terms of the state polytopes of its components: if a polarized projective variety X is a chain of subvarieties Xi satisfying some further conditions, then the state polytope of X is the Minkowski sum of the state polytopes of Xi translated by a vector τ, which can be readily computed from the ideal of Xi. The decomposition is in the strongest sense in that the vertices of the state polytope of X are precisely the sum of vertices of the state polytopes of Xi translated by τ. We also give a similar decomposition formula for the Hilbert–Mumford index of the Hilbert points of X. We give a few examples of the state polytope and the Hilbert–Mumford index computation of reducible curves, which are interesting in the context of the log minimal model program for the moduli space of stable curves.
Euler–Lagrange as Pseudo-metric of the RRT algorithm for optimal-time trajectory of flight simulation model in high-density obstacle environment
Authors: Altaher Mohammad , Nomir Omaima
Published: December 2015

This paper introduces a solution to the problem of steering an aerodynamical system, with non-holonomic constraints superimposed on dynamic equations of motion. The proposed approach is a dimensionality reduction of the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) with heavy path constraints to be solved by Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm. In this research, we formulated and solved the OCP with Euler–Lagrange formula in order to find the optimal-time trajectory. The RRT constructs a non-collision path in static, high-dense obstacle environment (i.e. heavy path constraint). Based on a real-world aircraft model, our simulation results found the collision-free path and gave improvements of time and fuel consumption of the optimized Hamiltonian-based model over the original non-optimized model.
Self-propelled motion in a viscous compressible fluid
Authors: Mácha Václav , Nečasová Šárka
Published: December 2015

In this paper we focus on the existence of a weak solution to a system describing a self-propelled motion of a single deformable body in a viscous compressible fluid that occupies a bounded domain in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The governing system considered for the fluid is the isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes equation. We prove the existence of a weak solution up to a collision.
The Raven, the Writing-Desk and the Reports: a Sesquicentennial Tale of Nonsense and Law Report Reform
Authors: Million Alison
Published: December 2015

In the 150th anniversary year of both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and the inception of the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting (ICLR) this article by Alison Million considers any possible common contemporaneous connections between their authors. It makes particular reference to Lewis Carroll's legal associations and his fascination with the processes of law, considering to what extent these may have influenced Alice. In briefly reviewing ICLR history and the instigating factors behind reform it looks at the requisite skills needed finally to devise a successful scheme and any potential overlap between those and some of Lewis Carroll's many subject disciplines. The article concludes that just as the law helped shape Alice, so has Alice contributed to English case law by providing a descriptor for “perfect nonsense”.
FRBR, RDA and Law Libraries
Authors: Doyle Helen
Published: December 2015

Over the past few years the cataloguing community has seen radical changes in cataloguing standards, changes which appear to have been largely ignored by legal information professionals. This is a mistake according to Helen Doyle; the new cataloguing model can have enormous implications for the legal community, particularly in the spheres of information and knowledge management, and the profession is missing a huge opportunity by ignoring it. A new cataloguing standard (RDA) has been developed based on an alternative theoretical approach, known as “Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records” (FRBR). FRBR seeks to change the way we approach the bibliographic universe: from stand-alone, individual repositories of information to networks of linked data built on a structured hierarchy. Commercial law firms are constantly trying to make connections between their traditional resources, online repositories, internal know-how, etc, but struggle to achieve complete synchronicity. FRBR provides a solution to this knowledge management problem: all resources (including people, events and subjects) become searchable, and because everything is linked, users can access information by navigating to it, establishing their own pathway through the data. Moreover, the major legal databases are already utilising linked data in this way – it is time for law firms to catch up.
Moving or Relocating a Library
Authors: Bird Ruth
Published: December 2015

In this article Ruth Bird examines the issues around moving, or relocating, a library. Drawing on her experiences of moving, relocating and renovating, and in the context of current work that is happening at the Bodleian Law Library (BLL), she compares the issues in relation to both law firm libraries and academic libraries. The article examines space management and collection management issues, planning, allocating roles and how the burden of moves can be shared in a collaborative way. Ruth also looks at the ‘people’ issues and the implications for collections.
Explaining accountability for public policies: an fsQCA analysis of health policy in Spain
Authors: Pérez Durán Ixchel , Rodríguez Menés Jorge
Published: December 2015

Which conditions foster accountability for health policy implementation in Spain’s 17 regional governments? We analyze five conditions: private management of health services, political salience of health policies, governments’ left ideological position, strong presence of non-statewide parties, and minority governments. We use fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify how necessary and/or sufficient these conditions are (alone or in combination) to foster accountability. We find that there is no single recipe to ‘cook’ accountability. Three conditions appear to be ‘quasi-necessary’ but must be combined with others to foster accountability, thus defining three routes to accountability. The implications of the findings are discussed in light of current debates on the effects of decentralization, left-right ideologies, and privatization, on accountability for public policies.
Inpatient Pediatric Psychology Consultation-Liaison Practice Survey: Corrected Version
Authors: Kullgren Kristin A. , Tsang Kevin K. , Ernst Michelle M. , Carter Bryan D. , Scott Eric L. , Sullivan Sarah K.
Published: December 2015

The specialty of pediatric psychology inpatient consultation-liaison (CL) continues to grow despite limited research examining practice and training approaches. With increasing need to justify services, the current study surveyed pediatric inpatient CL psychologists on their institutional, practice, and training characteristics to highlight areas of strength and growth needed to advance inpatient CL practice. Members of the Society of Pediatric Psychology ( N = 118) completed an anonymous online survey assessing institution characteristics, service activity and practice characteristics, training, billing and funding issues, research activity, and perceptions of inpatient CL practice. Respondents represented diversity in years of practice, institution type, institution size, and department. There was significant variability in the nature of inpatient CL coverage, number of CL psychologists, and professional composition of the CL team. Psychology trainees play a significant role on many CL services. Treatment protocols are used infrequently and few inpatient CL psychologists are systematically tracking clinical outcomes or conducting formal research. Most inpatient CL services are fiscally dependent on a combination of funding sources. Despite frustrations with limited protected time for research and teaching, most inpatient CL psychologists are satisfied in their roles and deny significant burnout. Diversity of setting and practice characteristics presents challenges in providing global recommendations for pediatric inpatient CL psychological practice. Rapid changes in the American health care system demand that, for survival and growth, increased research efforts are needed to demonstrate outcomes of consultation activities and the added benefit of service provision. Recommendations are given for inpatient CL practice and research.
The Psychologist’s Role in Ethical Decision Making: Adolescent Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Price Karin L. , Lee Margaret E. , Washington Gia A. , Brandt Mary L.
Published: December 2015

As the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery for extremely obese adolescents is investigated, the ethical burdens of such surgery require significant attention. This article discusses specific ethical issues with the adolescent bariatric surgery population, and illustrates the role of the psychologist as an integrated part of the adolescent bariatric surgery team. This role goes beyond screening for psychiatric and behavioral “rule outs” that have been established in the adult bariatric surgery literature, and beyond recommendation and possible provision of assessment and intervention services for patients with behavioral health needs. Areas of informed consent, assent, and balancing issues of medical illness and psychological readiness are discussed in detail. The psychologist’s role in ensuring ethical practice across these areas is illuminated.