bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coculture of Spheroids/2D Cell Layers Using a Miniaturized Patterned Platform as a Versatile Method to Produce Scaffold‐Free Tissue Engineering Building Blocks
Authors: Oliveira Nuno M. , Martins‐Cruz Cláudia , Oliveira Mariana B. , Reis Rui L. , Mano João F.
Published: October 2017

A hanging drop system that allows the multiconfigurational coculture of 3D microtissues is suggested as a versatile platform to promote the formation of functional preconditioned spheroids/microtissues, namely stem‐cell‐derived tissue engineering microtissues, with potential to be applied as scaffold‐free building blocks. Here, superhydrophobic (SH) platforms patterned with wettable regions are adapted for the production and culture of human adipose‐derived stem‐cell spheroids under indirect coculture with 2D layers of different cell types and direct coculture setups. The versatile indirect and direct coculture setups allow the use of cell lines as soluble biomolecules “factories” to continuously modulate microtissues response aspects, including their viability, cell number, and protein expression. This novel application of patterned SH platforms may find application in the massive production of modulated spheroids for the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, with specific added value in the biofabrication of 3D constructs for tissue regeneration, as disease models, or even for organoids preparation.
Exposing Metal Oxide with Intrinsic Catalytic Activity by Near‐Infrared Pulsed Laser: Laser‐Induced Selective Metallization on Polymer Materials
Authors: Zhang Jihai , Zhou Tao , Xie Yi , Wen Liang
Published: October 2017

In this work, a facile strategy is presented for the fabrication of precisely metallized patterns on polymer substrate based on the copper‐free laser sensitizer through laser direct structuring (LDS) technology. A series of characterization methods are carried out to investigate the surface chemistry and morphology of polymer/antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) composites after laser activation and selective metallization. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that a small part of Sn4+ and Sb5+ in ATO is reduced to Sn2+ and Sb3+, and it does not detect any Sn0 (elemental tin) after laser activation. This study confirms that ATO is a good copper‐free laser sensitizer and an efficient catalyst for selective metallization. Furthermore, the obtained copper layer is anchoring into the substrate leading to a superior adhesion property (highest 5 B level after Scotch tape test) between the copper layer and polymer substrate. Meanwhile, the obtained copper circuit line exhibits high conductivity (1.26 × 107 Ω−1 m−1) and excellent stability over time. This study also provides a guideline to develop copper‐free laser sensitizer for LDS technology.
Plasmonic Polarization‐Rotating Emitters with Metallic Nanogroove Antennas
Authors: Sun Chengwei , Li Hongyun , Gong Qihuang , Chen Jianjun
Published: October 2017

A subwavelength plasmonic polarization‐rotating emitter is numerically and experimentally demonstrated by designing a metallic nanogroove antenna on the metal surface. The numerical simulation shows that there is a strong resonance in the nanogroove antenna when a surface plasmon polariton mode impinges it, and the polarization of the free‐radiation field emitted by the nanogroove antenna is mainly perpendicular to the long side of the nanogroove antenna. As a result, the polarization of the free‐radiation field can be easily rotated by tilting the nanogroove antenna. Experimentally, the metallic nanogroove antennas are fabricated, and the polarization‐rotating emitters are demonstrated. By tilting the nanogroove antenna with an angle of θ (<60°), the polarization of the free‐radiation field can be rotated by θ, and the linear polarization is nearly preserved in a broad bandwidth of Δλ = 180 nm. Because of the polarization rotation of the plasmonic emitter, it is demonstrated that the signal–noise ratio of the far‐field collection can be greatly improved. This subwavelength (0.07λ2) and broadband (Δλ = 180 nm) plasmonic polarization‐rotating emitter based on the nanogroove antenna provides a new degree of freedom to tailor the light emission from the confined waveguide modes on chips, and it may find important applications in the interchip optical communications.
Microglial dysfunction as a key pathological change in adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Gong Yi , Sasidharan Nikhil , Laheji Fiza , Frosch Matthew , Musolino Patricia , Tanzi Rudy , Kim Doo Yeon , Biffi Alessandra , El Khoury Joseph , Eichler Florian
Published: October 2017

Objective

Mutations in ABCD1 cause the neurodegenerative disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, which manifests as the spinal cord axonopathy adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) in nearly all males surviving into adulthood. Microglial dysfunction has long been implicated in pathogenesis of brain disease, but its role in the spinal cord is unclear.

Methods

We assessed spinal cord microglia in humans and mice with AMN and investigated the role of ABCD1 in microglial activity toward neuronal phagocytosis in cell culture. Because mutations in ABCD1 lead to incorporation of very‐long‐chain fatty acids into phospholipids, we separately examined the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) upon microglia.

Results

Within the spinal cord of humans and mice with AMN, upregulation of several phagocytosis‐related markers, such as MFGE8 and TREM2, precedes complement activation and synapse loss. Unexpectedly, this occurs in the absence of overt inflammation. LPC C26:0 added to ABCD1‐deficient microglia in culture further enhances MFGE8 expression, aggravates phagocytosis, and leads to neuronal injury. Furthermore, exposure to a MFGE8‐blocking antibody reduces phagocytic activity.

Interpretation

Spinal cord microglia lacking ABCD1 are primed for phagocytosis, affecting neurons within an altered metabolic milieu. Blocking phagocytosis or specific phagocytic receptors may alleviate synapse loss and axonal degeneration. Ann Neurol 2017;82:813–827
Valence‐Engineering of Quantum Dots Using Programmable DNA Scaffolds
Authors: Shen Jianlei , Tang Qian , Li Li , Li Jiang , Zuo Xiaolei , Qu Xiangmeng , Pei Hao , Wang Lihua , Fan Chunhai
Published: October 2017

Precise control over the valency of quantum dots (QDs) is critical and fundamental for quantitative imaging in living cells. However, prior approaches on valence control of QDs remain restricted to single types of valences. A DNA‐programmed general strategy is presented for valence engineering of QDs with high modularity and high yield. By employing a series of programmable DNA scaffolds, QDs were generated with tunable valences in a single step with near‐quantitative yield (>95 %). The use of these valence‐engineered QDs was further demonstrated to develop 12 types of topologically organized QDs‐QDs and QDs‐AuNPs and 4 types of fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanostructures. Quantitative analysis of the FRET nanostructures and live‐cell imaging reveal the high potential of these nanoprobes in bioimaging and nanophotonic applications.
User Involvement in Therapy: Couples' and Family Therapists’ Lived Experiences with the Inclusion of a Feedback Procedure in Clinical Practice
Authors: Oanes Camilla Jensen , Karlsson Bengt , Borg Marit
Published: October 2017

User involvement in therapy includes some form of feedback from the clients. The feedback guides the therapist and the clients toward a best possible result through a best possible therapy process. In recent years many different procedures for collecting feedback have been developed. In a previous study presented in this journal we explored the expectations therapists had before including the comprehensive clinical feedback procedure, Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC), in their clinical practices. Our aim with this present study is to explore couples' and family therapists’ experiences with STIC from the perspective of user involvement. We found that the term ‘using STIC’ represented many different variations both between therapists and between the families each therapist worked with. Likewise user involvement, combined with a feedback procedure like STIC, was also a many faceted area. We discuss how therapists’ experiences may relate to the different aspects of user involvement in therapy.
‘Let's Talk About Children’: Investigating the Use of a Family‐focused Intervention in the Gambling Support Services Sector
Authors: von Doussa Henry , Sundbery Jacqui , Cuff Rose , Jones Sarah , Goodyear Melinda
Published: October 2017

The family‐focused mental health intervention, ‘Let's Talk About Children,’ has positively influenced the lives of families affected by parental mental illness. This paper outlines the use of this brief, strengths‐based intervention for parents with gambling and other co‐occurring issues from the gamblers’ support services sector. Over a six‐month period, a training manual and accompanying resources were adapted for the gamblers’ support services sector and a targeted training session developed. Nine problem gambling counsellors from three Victorian gambling support services trialled the Let's Talk About Children intervention over a four‐month period. Qualitative data were gathered through focus groups, interviews, and practice enquiry groups to determine the impact of the Let's Talk About Children model for gambling support services. The results are presented as ‘practice wisdoms and recommendations’ reporting on the impact of the trial and to provide some guidance to support others in the implementation of a specific family‐focused intervention. This paper reports on the first exploratory trial of Let's Talk About Children for the gambler's support services sector in Australia.
Predictor Feedback Stabilization of Stochastic Linear Delayed Systems with Both Additive and Multiplicative Noises
Authors: Javadi Ali , Jahed‐Motlagh Mohammad Reza , Jalali Ali‐Akbar
Published: October 2017

In this paper we investigate memory control of stochastic linear delayed systems with both additive and multiplicative noises. A new formula is first presented to obtain the prediction vector from the system dynamics and then it is used for feedback to reduce the input delay in the original delayed system. To ensure the stability of closed‐loop system, some matrix inequality conditions are given that in the case of feasibility provide the stabilizing gain of the predictor controller. The proposed method is applied to stochastic quarter‐car model of an active suspension system to show the effectiveness of the approach.
Searching for the presence of a weak magnetic field in the Be star λ Eri using FORS 2 spectropolarimetric time series
Authors: Hubrig S. , Ilyin I. , Kholtygin A. F. , Schöller M. , Skarka M.
Published: October 2017

The presence of magnetic fields in Be stars is highly controversial and still under debate. In this work, we report the results of our search for the presence of a magnetic field and its short‐time variability in the well‐known non‐radially‐pulsating single bright Be star λ Eri using several low‐resolution spectropolarimetric time series obtained with the ESO FORS 1/2 instruments in 2006, 2007, and, most recently, in 2016. The longitudinal magnetic field for the individual measurements, each using a combination of observations with the quarter‐wave plate positions +45° and −45°, oscillates between +470 and −540 G with rather high standard errors of the measurements, up to 200–300 G. Still, a few measurements indicate the presence of a signal at 2.5–4σ significance. A search for periodicity in the time series from 2006 to 2016 indicates the potential presence of a magnetic variability modulation with a period of ∼13.7 min, which possibly can be taken as a hint for the presence of a small‐scale magnetic field on the stellar surface.
Expression of BDNF and trkB in the hippocampus of a rat genetic model of vulnerability (Roman low‐avoidance) and resistance (Roman high‐avoidance) to stress‐induced depression
Authors: Serra M. Pina , Poddighe Laura , Boi Marianna , Sanna Francesco , Piludu M. Antonietta , Corda M. Giuseppa , Giorgi Osvaldo , Quartu Marina
Published: October 2017

Introduction

The selective breeding of Roman High‐ (RHA) and Low‐Avoidance (RLA) rats for, respectively, rapid versus poor acquisition of the active avoidance response has generated two distinct phenotypes differing in many behavioral traits, including coping strategies to aversive conditions. Thus, RLA rats are considered as a genetic model of vulnerability to stress‐induced depression whereas RHA rats are a model of resilience to that trait. Besides the monoamine hypothesis of depression, there is evidence that alterations in neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus and other brain areas are critically involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.

Materials and Methods

Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the basal immunochemical occurrence of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high‐affinity tyrosine‐kinase receptor trkB in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of adult RHA and RLA rats.

Results

WB analysis indicated that the optical density of BDNF‐ and trkB‐positive bands in the dorsal hippocampus is, respectively, 48% and 25% lower in RLA versus RHA rats. Densitometric analysis of BDNF‐ and trkB‐like immunoreactivity (LI) in brain sections showed that BDNF‐LI is 24% to 34% lower in the different sectors of the Ammon's horn of RLA versus RHA rats, whereas line‐related differences are observed in the dentate gyrus (DG) only in the ventral hippocampus. As for trkB‐LI, significant differences are observed only in the dorsal hippocampus, where density is 23% lower in the DG of RLA versus RHA rats, while no differences across lines occur in the Ammon's horn.

Conclusion

These findings support the hypothesis that a reduced BDNF/trkB signaling in the hippocampus of RLA versus RHA rats may contribute to their more pronounced vulnerability to stress‐induced depression.
Patterns of infectious complications in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes patients treated with 10‐day decitabine regimen
Authors: Ali Alaa M. , Weisel Daniel , Gao Feng , Uy Geoffrey L. , Cashen Amanda F. , Jacoby Meagan A. , Wartman Lukas D. , Ghobadi Armin , Pusic Iskra , Romee Rizwan , Fehniger Todd A. , Stockerl‐Goldstein Keith E. , Vij Ravi , Oh Stephen T. , Abboud Camille N. , Schroeder Mark A. , Westervelt Peter , DiPersio John F. , Welch John S.
Published: October 2017

Decitabine has been explored as a reduced‐intensity therapy for older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To better understand the risk of infections during decitabine treatment, we retrospectively examined the culture results from each infection‐related serious adverse event that occurred among 85 AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients treated in a prospective clinical study using 10‐day cycles of decitabine at Washington University School of Medicine. Culture results were available for 163 infection‐related complications that occurred in 70 patients: 90 (55.2%) events were culture‐negative, 32 (19.6%) were gram‐positive bacteria, 20 (12.3%) were gram‐negative bacteria, 12 (7.4%) were mixed, 6 (3.7%) were viral, 2 (1.2%) were fungal, and 1 (0.6%) was mycobacterial. Infection‐related mortality occurred in 3/24 (13%) of gram‐negative events, and 0/51 gram‐positive events. On average, nearly one third of patients experienced an infection‐related complication with each cycle, and the incidence did not decrease during later cycles. In summary, in patients receiving 10‐day decitabine, infectious complications are common and may occur during any cycle of therapy. Although febrile events are commonly culture‐negative, gram‐positive infections are the most frequent source of culture‐positive infections, but gram‐negative infections represent a significant risk of mortality in AML and MDS patients treated with decitabine.
The unusual case of the irretrievable colonoscope
Authors: Hammerschlag Joshua , Ackerman Travis , Hodgkins Brian
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

It is important that invasive procedures are rationalized, even relatively safe ones like colonoscopy, to minimize the risk of harm to patients.
Das Kupfer‐Problem 2.0
Authors: Zenner Christian , Scheuermann Hilda , Ropohl Mathias
Published: October 2017

Im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht sind Schülervorstellungen zu zentralen Konzepten ein wichtiger Ausgangspunkt für die Gestaltung von Lernprozessen. Schülervorstellungen können als Hypothesen formuliert und in Experimenten überprüft werden. Im Rahmen einer Interventionsstudie wurden Hypothesen sowie Experimentplanungen hinsichtlich des von Hadfield [1] beschriebenen Kupfer‐Problems erhoben und analysiert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dargestellt, welche Hypothesen bezüglich des schwarzen Belags auf einem erhitzten Kupferblech von Schülerinnen und Schülern aufgestellt werden, welche dieser Hypothesen in Experimentplanungen von ihnen überprüft werden und von welcher Qualität die Experimentplanungen sind. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler bestimmte Hypothesen bevorzugt überprüfen und dass die Qualität der Experimentplanungen von höherer Qualität ist, wenn Hypothesen auf einem niedrigen Verständnisniveau überprüft werden.
Low synovial double negative T and γδ T cells predict longer free‐disease survival in oligoarticular JIA
Authors: Licciardi Francesco , Ceci Maria , Toppino Claudia , Turco Marco , Martino Silvana , Ricotti Emanuela , Ferro Francesca , Montin Davide
Published: October 2017

Background

Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oJIA) is the most frequent form of chronic arthritis in children; the clinical course is extremely variable. In this study we have characterized by flow cytometry synovial B and T cells subsets in patients with oJIA in order to identify any parameters that could predict a more aggressive course of disease.

Methods

B and T cells from synovial fluid (SF) of 39 patients with oJIA were characterized by flow cytometry. In 22 patients SF was analysed at the onset of the disease (GroupA), in 17 SF was analysed at articular relapse (Group B). All patients in Group A were followed up for at least for 2 years after SF analysis: 13 patients relapsed during the follow‐up period.

Results

Comparison of SF from Group A and Group B demonstrated an activated phenotype in relapsed patients, with higher Switched Memory B cells (58.53 vs 36.07% of CD19+, P‐value 0.004) and lower Naïve B cells (8.53 vs 25.9 of CD19+, P‐value 0.002) in Group B. Furthermore, patients from Group A who did not relapse showed lower percentages of synovial DNT (2.38 vs 1.50% of CD3 + TCRalpha/beta+, P‐value 0.025) and γδ T cells (19.1 vs 15.0% of CD3+ cells, P‐value 0.004) at the onset, if compared with other Group A patients.

Conclusions

In oJIA relapse SF present an activated B phenotype. Patients at disease onset with DNTs <1.8% and/or γδ T cells <16% of CD3+ in synovial fluid have longer free‐disease survival. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
α2‐glycine receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory
Authors: Lin Min‐Shan , Xiong Wen‐Chao , Li Shu‐Ji , Gong Zhi , Cao Xiong , Kuang Xiao‐Jing , Zhang Yuan , Gao Tian‐Ming , Mechawar Naguib , Liu Ce , Zhu Xin‐Hong
Published: October 2017

The α2‐glycine receptors (GlyRs) play important roles during early central nervous system development. However, these receptors’ possible involvement in neurodevelopmental events occurring in the adult brain remains to be explored. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is the process by which new granule cell neurons are added to the dentate gyrus (DG) throughout adulthood. In this study, we observed that hippocampal adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) express α2‐containing GlyRs. Pharmacological inhibition of GlyRs by strychnine or picrotoxin decreased the proliferation of ANSCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Mice knockout for glra2, the gene coding for the GlyR α2 subunit, were determined to display impaired AHN, and this phenomenon was accompanied by deficits in spatial memory. These results, which reveal neurodevelopmental roles for α2‐GlyRs in the adult brain, may be clinically relevant, given that a mutation in GLAR2, as well as AHN impairments, have been reported in autism spectrum disorder. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1430–1441, 2017
The Saturniidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: A model taxon for studying the long‐term effects of climate change?
Authors: Basset Yves , Lamarre Greg P.A. , Ratz Tom , Segar Simon T. , Decaëns Thibaud , Rougerie Rodolphe , Miller Scott E. , Perez Filonila , Bobadilla Ricardo , Lopez Yacksecari , Ramirez José Alejandro , Aiello Annette , Barrios Héctor
Published: October 2017

We have little knowledge of the response of invertebrate assemblages to climate change in tropical ecosystems, and few studies have compiled long‐term data on invertebrates from tropical rainforests. We provide an updated list of the 72 species of Saturniidae moths collected on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, during the period 1958‐2016. This list will serve as baseline data for assessing long‐term changes of saturniids on BCI in the future, as 81% of the species can be identified by their unique DNA Barcode Index Number, including four cryptic species not yet formally described. A local species pool of 60 + species breeding on BCI appears plausible, but more cryptic species may be discovered in the future. We use monitoring data obtained by light trapping to analyze recent population trends on BCI for saturniid species that were relatively common during 2009‐2016, a period representing >30 saturniid generations. The abundances of 11 species, of 14 tested, could be fitted to significant time‐series models. While the direction of change in abundance was uncertain for most species, two species showed a significant increase over time, and forecast models also suggested continuing increases for most species during 2017‐2018, as compared to the 2009 base year. Peaks in saturniid abundance were most conspicuous during El Niño and La Niña years. In addition to a species‐specific approach, we propose a reproducible functional classification based on five functional traits to analyze the responses of species sharing similar functional attributes in a fluctuating climate. Our results suggest that the abundances of larger body‐size species with good dispersal abilities may increase concomitantly with rising air temperature in the future, because short‐lived adults may allocate less time to increasing body temperature for flight, leaving more time available for searching for mating partners or suitable oviposition sites.
R. B. Woodward's Letters: Revealing, Elegant and Commanding
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I.
Published: October 2017

A collection of excerpts from letters written by R. B. Woodward to his friends, colleagues, young students and others is presented. These excerpts are representative of Woodward's lengthy correspondence and illustrate many aspects of his personality and philosophies of life.
Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin‐induced skeletal muscle repair in mice
Authors: Ogasawara Shinyu , Cheng Xian Wu , Inoue Aiko , Hu Lina , Piao Limei , Yu Chenglin , Goto Hiroki , Xu Wenhu , Zhao Guangxian , Lei Yanna , Yang Guang , Kimura Kaoru , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Shi Guo‐Ping , Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: October 2017

Background

Cathepsin K (CatK) is a widely expressed cysteine protease that has gained attention because of its enzymatic and non‐enzymatic functions in signalling. Here, we examined whether CatK‐deficiency (CatK−/−) would mitigate injury‐related skeletal muscle remodelling and fibrosis in mice, with a special focus on inflammation and muscle cell apoptosis.

Methods

Cardiotoxin (CTX, 20 μM/200 μL) was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle of male wild‐type (CatK+/+) and CatK−/− mice, and the mice were processed for morphological and biochemical studies.

Results

On post‐injection Day 14, CatK deletion ameliorated muscle interstitial fibrosis and remodelling and performance. At an early time point (Day 3), CatK−/− reduced the lesion macrophage and leucocyte contents and cell apoptosis, the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4, and the gelatinolytic activity related to matrix metalloproteinase‐2/‐9. CatK deletion also restored the protein levels of caspase‐3 and cleaved caspase‐8 and the ratio of the BAX to the Bcl‐2. Moreover, CatK deficiency protected muscle fibre laminin and desmin disorder in response to CTX injury. These beneficial muscle effects were mimicked by CatK‐specific inhibitor treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that pharmacological CatK inhibition reduced the apoptosis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts and the levels of BAX and caspase‐3 proteins induced by CTX.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in skeletal muscle loss and fibrosis in response to CTX injury, possibly via a reduction of inflammation and cell apoptosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the control of skeletal muscle diseases by regulating CatK activity.
Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrroles via Green Chemical Methods
Authors: Pagadala Ramakanth , Anugu Sreenivasa
Published: October 2017

Water was found to be an excellent solvent for the one‐pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives under ultrasound involving the standard Knoevenagel condensation followed by the Michael type reaction. A new catalyst free system, excellent atom economy, ultrasound in water medium, short reaction times, good yields (88–93%), and ease of workup make this protocol more attractive and economically viable. The resulting substituted pyrroles are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral data.
Osteophytes and fracture calluses share developmental milestones and are diminished by unloading
Authors: Hsia Allison W. , Emami Armaun J. , Tarke Franklin D. , Cunningham Hailey C. , Tjandra Priscilla M. , Wong Alice , Christiansen Blaine A. , Collette Nicole M.
Published: October 2017

Osteophytes are a typical radiographic finding during osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanisms leading to their formation are not well known. Comparatively, fracture calluses have been studied extensively; therefore, drawing comparisons between osteophytes and fracture calluses may lead to a deeper understanding of osteophyte formation. In this study, we compared the time courses of osteophyte and fracture callus formation, and investigated mechanisms contributing to development of these structure. Additionally, we investigated the effect of mechanical unloading on the formation of both fracture calluses and osteophytes. Mice underwent either transverse femoral fracture or non‐invasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Fracture callus and osteophyte size and ossification were evaluated after 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Additional mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading after injury for 3, 7, or 14 days. Protease activity and gene expression profiles after injury were evaluated after 3 or 7 days of normal ambulation or hindlimb unloading using in vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and quantitative PCR. We found that fracture callus and osteophyte growth achieved similar developmental milestones, but fracture calluses formed and ossified at earlier time points. Hindlimb unloading ultimately led to a threefold decrease in chondro/osteophyte area, and a twofold decrease in fracture callus area. Unloading was also associated with decreased inflammation and protease activity in injured limbs detected with FRI, particularly following ACL rupture. qPCR analysis revealed disparate cellular responses in fractured femurs and injured joints, suggesting that fracture calluses and osteophytes may form via different inflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic pathways. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:699–710, 2018.
Flexible Manipulation of the Polarization Conversions in a Structured Vector Field in Free Space
Authors: Chen Rui‐Pin , Chen Zhaozhong , Gao Yuan , Ding Jianping , He Sailing
Published: October 2017

The conversion between different polarizations generally requires an optical element or an optical system. We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, that the conversion between different states of polarization (SoP) can be flexibly manipulated in a structured optical field by itself. During the structured optical field propagation in free space, any two orthogonal polarizations can be generated and auto‐focus at any desired propagation positions by purposely designing the initial SoP distribution and a caustic phase in the field cross‐section. The experiment arrangement combines a caustic‐based approach and a 4f optical system. This approach provides a way to flexibly manipulate the polarization conversions in free space propagation by the optical field itself (without any physical element along the propagation path), may lead to more complex and flexible vectorial manipulations of an optical field scenarios and potential applications in corresponding areas.
Response of marine bacteria to oil contamination and to high pressure and low temperature deep sea conditions
Authors: Fasca Hanna , de Castilho Livia V. A. , de Castilho João Fabrício M. , Pasqualino Ilson P. , Alvarez Vanessa M. , de Azevedo Jurelevicius Diogo , Seldin Lucy
Published: October 2017

The effect of pressure and temperature on microbial communities of marine environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons is understudied. This study aims to reveal the responses of marine bacterial communities to low temperature, high pressure, and contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons using seawater samples collected near an offshore Brazilian platform. Microcosms containing only seawater and those containing seawater contaminated with 1% crude oil were subjected to three different treatments of temperature and pressure as follows: (1) 22°C/0.1 MPa; (2) 4°C/0.1 MPa; and (3) 4°C/22 MPa. The effect of depressurization followed by repressurization on bacterial communities was also evaluated (4°C/22 MPaD). The structure and composition of the bacterial communities in the different microcosms were analyzed by PCR‐DGGE and DNA sequencing, respectively. Contamination with oil influenced the structure of the bacterial communities in microcosms incubated either at 4°C or 22°C and at low pressure. Incubation at low temperature and high pressure greatly influenced the structure of bacterial communities even in the absence of oil contamination. The 4°C/22 MPa and 4°C/22 MPaD treatments resulted in similar DGGE profiles. DNA sequencing (after 40 days of incubation) revealed that the diversity and relative abundance of bacterial genera were related to the presence or absence of oil contamination in the nonpressurized treatments. In contrast, the variation in the relative abundances of bacterial genera in the 4°C/22 MPa‐microcosms either contaminated or not with crude oil was less evident. The highest relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was observed in the 4°C/22 MPa treatment.
Management of infantile colic in practice
Authors: Kanabar Dipak
Published: October 2017

Colic is common in the infant population but it can be challenging to diagnose and manage in the primary care setting. In this article, Dr Kanabar discusses how to reach a diagnosis of infantile colic and provides an overview of the current treatment options and their efficacy.
In Situ Fabrication of One‐Dimensional‐Based Lotus‐Like Silicone/ϒ–Al2O3 Nanocomposites for Marine Fouling Release Coatings
Authors: Selim Mohamed S. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Fatthallah Nesreen A. , Elmarakbi Ahmed , El‐Safty Sherif A.
Published: October 2017

Prohibition on the utilization of organotins compounds in antifouling (AF), and Fouling release (FR) paints have attracted considerable ineptest as an environmentally friendly alternative. In this work, an ecofriendly series of lotus‐like nano‐structured organic‐inorganic surfaces based on vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ϒ‐Al2O3 nanorods composites were successfully modeled for the first time via in‐situ technique. The tailored nanocomposites were cured via hydrosilation mechanism and applied for marine FR coatings. Incorporation of various concentrations of controlled 1D nanofillers was inevitable to study the structure property relationship. Mechanical tests, durability parameters, and the FR and biological inertness were assessed. The results confirmed that uniform distribution of the prepared ϒ‐Al2O3 nanorods dramatically improved their water repellency, homogenous topology, self‐cleaning and fouling repellency. With nanofiller insertion up to 0.5% nanofillers, a particular increase in the contact angle (CA), decrease in the surface free energy (SFE), and topological homogeneity was observed with improving phsico‐mechanical, and durability against UV properties. The biological assessments indicated excellent inhibition and superior AF potential of the 0.5% nanofiller composite coatings. Our finding introduces attractive merits such as simplicity, ecofriendly, economic feasibility, and potential application in marine FR nano‐coatings.
An Efficient, Facile Synthesis of Etoricoxib Substantially Free from Impurities: Isolation, Characterization and Synthesis of Novel Impurity
Authors: Awasthi Arun Kumar , Kumar Brijesh , Aga Mushtaq A. , Basha Shaik Thaslim , Reddy Cirandur Suresh , Kumar Pramod
Published: October 2017

A copper mediated efficient, facile synthesis of Etoricoxib from commercial available keto sulfone and vinamidinium salt was developed. This protocol with mild reaction conditions offered the product with >80% overall yield and remarkable quality. During process development an unknown impurity was observed, isolated, characterized (by NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy) and was identified as Pyrrole derivative.
Theoretical Studies on the Aminolysis Mechanism of Methomyl: Effect of the Catalysis to the Reaction of Carbamate with Ammonia
Authors: Yin Hui , Zhang Chao Q. , Zhang Liang , Chen Rong , Liang Guo M.
Published: October 2017

The aminolysis mechanisms of methomyl are systematically investigated through the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) and MP2/6‐311+G(d,p) methods. The uncatalyzed, base‐catalyzed and water‐catalyzed aminolysis processes are also taken into consideration together with the concerted, BAC2 (a stepwise channel through a neutral tetrahedral intermediate) and E1cB (a stepwise mechanism via an isocyanate intermediate) pathways. The solvent effects are discussed in detail by using the CPCM (conductor‐like polarized continuum model) with the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) method. The computational values provide convincing evidence that three alternative pathways possess similar energy barriers for the uncatalyzed aminolysis. It can be concluded that the base‐catalyzed and water‐catalyzed aminolysis processes are more favorable compared with the uncatalyzed reaction. Concerning the base‐catalyzed process, the E1cB pathway is preferable to other channels. However, the water‐catalyzed aminolysis is dominated by the BAC2 mechanism. In a word, the aminolysis reactions in solution could readily occur and the solvent effects do not remarkably alter the mechanism.
“On Water” Sustainable Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted Tetrazoles via Ugi‐Azide Reaction through Perturbation of Kosmotropes Using Nacl.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Khan Shahnawaz , Sharma Ruchi , Parihar Sonam , Parewa Vijay
Published: October 2017

“ON WATER” acceleration of Ugi‐Azide reaction has been devised as a novel synthetic route for the one‐pot synthesis of 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles using NaCl. Due to the formation of kosmotropes, reaction does not occur in aqueous media alone which explains the low extent of hydrophobic interaction of reactants with water. However, presence of NaCl agitates the water kosmotropes and enhances the hydrophobic interactions of reactants with aqueous phase and desired product was isolated in excellent yield. Thus, NaCl plays a decisive, indispensable and unprecedented role through the perturbation of kosmotropes of water on Ugi‐azide reaction in aqueous media. Among the various as synthesized tetrazoles, ferrocenyl 1,5‐disubstituted tetrazoles showed excellent β–hematin inhibitory activities (IC50<3.5 μg/ml) as compared to reference drug chloroquine. Further we have also showed the synthetic utility of these compounds by Pd mediated post reaction transformation through an example.
Bioinspired Surfaces with Superwettability for Anti‐Icing and Ice‐Phobic Application: Concept, Mechanism, and Design
Authors: Zhang Songnan , Huang Jianying , Cheng Yan , Yang Hui , Chen Zhong , Lai Yuekun
Published: October 2017

Ice accumulation poses a series of severe issues in daily life. Inspired by the nature, superwettability surfaces have attracted great interests from fundamental research to anti‐icing and ice‐phobic applications. Here, recently published literature about the mechanism of ice prevention is reviewed, with a focus on the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic mechanisms, encompassing the behavior of condensate microdrops on the surface, wetting, ice nucleation, and freezing. Then, a detailed account of the innovative fabrication and fundamental research of anti‐icing materials with special wettability is summarized with a focus on recent progresses including low‐surface energy coatings and liquid‐infused layered coatings. Finally, special attention is paid to a discussion about advantages and disadvantages of the technologies, as well as factors that affect the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic efficiency. Outlooks and the challenges for future development of the anti‐icing and ice‐phobic technology are presented and discussed.
Towards a holographic quark matter crystal
Authors: Faedo Antón F. , Mateos David , Pantelidou Christiana , Tarrío Javier
Published: October 2017

Abstract

We construct the gravity dual of d = 4,

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

, SU(N
c) super Yang-Mills theory, coupled to N
f flavors of dynamical quarks, at non-zero temperature T and nonzero quark density N
q. The supergravity solutions possess a regular horizon if T > 0 and include the backreaction of N
c color D3-branes and N
f flavor D7-branes with N
q units of electric flux on their worldvolume. At zero temperature the solutions interpolate between a Landau pole singularity in the ultraviolet and a Lifshitz geometry in the infrared. At high temperature the thermodynamics is directly sensitive to the Landau pole, whereas at low temperature it is not, as expected from effective field theory. At low temperature and sufficiently high charge density we find thermodynamic and dynamic instabilities towards the spontaneous breaking of translation invariance.
Überwuchssyndrome durch Mutationsmosaike im PI3K-AKT-Signalweg
Authors: Spier Isabel , Aretz Stefan
Published: October 2017

Es wurde schon länger vermutet, dass segmentale Überwuchssyndrome durch somatische Mutationsmosaike (postzygotische Mutationen) hervorgerufen werden; die ursächlichen genetischen Veränderungen lassen sich aber häufig nur in betroffenem Gewebe nachweisen. Durch den Einsatz der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) konnten die genetischen Ursachen von sich segmental manifestierenden Krankheitsbildern in den letzten Jahren zunehmend geklärt werden. Interessanterweise wurden hierdurch bei mehreren Entitäten postzygotische aktivierende Mutationen im Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/AKT/mTOR-Signalweg (PI3K-AKT-Signalweg) als ursächlich identifiziert. Es handelt sich insbesondere um das PIK3CA-assoziierte Überwuchsspektrum (PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, PROS), zu dem neben dem CLOVES-Syndrom (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vaskuläre Fehlbildungen, epidermale Nävi und Skoliose bzw. Skelettsymptome) und dem MCAP-Syndrom (Megalenzephalie-Kapillarfehlbildungen-Polymikrogyrie) mittlerweile vermutlich auch einige Fälle mit Verdacht auf ein Klippel-Trenaunay-Syndrom gezählt werden können. Beim Proteus-Syndrom dominiert eine spezifische kausale Mutation im AKT1-Gen. Auch wenn somatische Mutationen im PI3K-AKT-Signalweg relativ häufig in sporadischen Tumoren auftreten, stehen der segmentale Überwuchs und weitere Malformationen im Vordergrund des phänotypischen Spektrums der Überwuchssyndrome. Verschiedene klinisch relevante gut- und bösartige Neoplasien kommen allerdings gehäuft vor.
Kaveri Crater – An Impact Structure in the Precambrian Terrain of Southern India
Authors: Subrahmanya K. R. , Narasimha K. N. Prakash
Published: October 2017

The region to the east of Palghat gap is of low elevation and nearly circular in shape. It forms a part of the Kaveri river basin. The predominantly gneissic terrain is surrounded by the charnockitic hill ranges, prominent among which are Nilgiris and Biligirirangan to the north; and Anaimalai and Kodaikanal to the south. The charnockite massifs have a steep slope facing the circular feature and a gentler slope in the opposite direction. Fractures/faults/shear zones are noticed in many parts. The Bouguer anomaly in the gneissic terrain is elliptical in shape and positive, relative to the surrounding elevated region. The magnetic contours are also elliptical and the magnetic basement is deeper by about one km compared to regions in the periphery. The shallow seismic velocity picture from Chennimalai to Palani indicates a graben structure. The velocity structure also depicts a 4-5 km Moho upwarp near Chennimalai. Junction between the gneissic and charnockitic terrain and even beyond, is marked by the presence of pseudotachylites and breccia. Field and petrographic studies indicate presence of suevite, Planar Deformation Features (PDF), Planar Fractures, diaplectic glass of quartz and plagioclase and spherical inclusion in suevite. These evidences taken together point to an extra-terrestrial impact which created a crater of approximately 120 km in diameter. Several lines of indirect evidences point to Neoproterozoic age for the impact. Kaveri Crater is the fourth largest crater on the surface of the Earth; other larger craters being Vredefort (160 km), Chicxulub (150 km) and Sudbury (130 km).
Importance of Coloured Inversion Technique for thin Hydrocarbon Sand Reservoir Detection – A Case in mid Cambay Basin
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Datta , Gupta Ramesh
Published: October 2017

Cambay basin is an intra-cratonic rift graben formed as a result of rifting which was occurred in late Cretaceous with Deccan lava eruption through linear trending NNW to SSE directional basin. The Deccan basalt forms the basement over which more than 7-11 km thick piles of Tertiary sediments have been deposited during syn-rift and post-rift phases of basin development. Cambay basin has been considered as one of the significant hydrocarbon prolific basin in India. The biggest challenge in current days for this basin is further exploration or exploration under development stage in small marginal field or unexplored left out areas in the basin part as most of the areas are already explored/discovered by various small to big E&P (exploration & production) industrial players. In this present study one such small marginal field has been chosen for “Exploration under Development” portfolio in mid Cambay basin. The amount of oil-in-place volume, investment and techno-economics analysis of small marginal field has made this study area. In view of further hydrocarbon exploration in this area this kind of study will provide a robust support in limited dataset. The reservoir sand quality of the study area is discrete, thin and less permeable. This kind of sand body detection through classical seismic interpretation approach is difficult and there will be always a big amount of uncertainties for findings the pay reservoir sand. In view of the limitation of available data and challenging geological setup of the reservoir, a quantitative approach has been taken to detect the thin reservoir sand in this study area. Primarily coloured inversion technique has been applied on post-stack seismic data based upon well to seismic correlation and reservoir sand detection in seismic interpretation and well log property analysis. This technique has produced higher detectability impedance/property volume with respect to normal post-stack seismic data signature. Based on high contrast impedance/elastic property further seismic based attribute analysis on reservoir section has been performed. The attribute analysis has been made along surface and 3D seismic data level, provided clear image about the thin hydrocarbon sand reservoir. Based upon quantitative interpretation approach coloured inverted volume the prospect was chosen for further drilling in the study area and drilling of that sand was turned to be a hydrocarbon discovery prospect. The unconventional approaches e.g. coloured inversion with limited dataset for this kind of small marginal field has potential to find the hydro-carbon.
International Adoption of Children Surviving the Haitian Earthquake
Authors: Pascal Julie , Décombas-Marion Marion , Poirier Véronique , Lautrette Alexandre , Rigal Emilie , Sciauvaud Julie , Pereira Bruno , Labbe André , Lesens Olivier
Published: October 2017

Objective

To evaluate resilience and frequency of behavioral symptoms in Haitian children internationally adopted before and after the earthquake of January 12, 2010.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective quantitative study in 40 Haitian children. Families were also asked to participate in a qualitative study (individual interview at 18-24 months after the earthquake) and to complete State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and STAI for children (STAI-C) questionnaires.

Results

Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in the group who experienced the earthquake (n=22) and in the group who did not (n=18). The families of 30 adoptees were interviewed. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the STAI (P=0.53) and STAI-C (P=0.75) or for the frequency of behavioral problems. Plenary adoption was pronounced for 84.6% and 33.3% of the children adopted in the pre- and post-earthquake group, respectively (P=0.02). Children rarely talked about the experience of the earthquake, which, by contrast, was a stressful experience for the adoptive families.

Conclusions

Haitian children adopted after the earthquake did not express more stress or behavioral problems than those adopted before it. However, the possibility of a resurgence of mental disorders after age 10 should be borne in mind. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:450–454)
THE JUSTICIABILITY OF RELIGION
Authors: Juss Satvinder S.
Published: October 2017

InShergill & Others v. Khaira & Others[2014] UKSC 33, the UK courts considered whether a Sikh holy saint had the power to dismiss trustees who questioned his “succession” to the religious institution of theNirmal Kutia Johal. The Supreme Court, reversing the decision of the Court of Appeal that religious questions were “nonjusticiable,” reinstated the judgment at first instance of the High Court to the contrary. The decision of the Supreme Court is important because whenever questions of the identification and legitimacy of successors to a religious institution have arisen, their “justiciability” before a secular court has invariably been a bone of contention on grounds that it threatens the autonomy of religious institutions. InShergillthe Supreme Court got around these concerns by drawing a normative distinction between the public law of the land (which the courts are required to determine), and the internal private law of a religious institution on matters of succession, ordination, and removal (which are not in themselves for the courts to decide). ButShergillalso went further than previous case law in two respects. First, the fundamental tenets of a belief system are capable of an objective assessment by a secular court provided that there is public law element to a dispute, in which case the court can then decide on the fitness of the successor for office. This means there is no general presumption that a secular court is barred from considering religious questions per se. Second, these principles apply just as much to the judicial consideration of non-Christian faiths as they to the Christian religion, and this is so notwithstanding the court's unfamiliarity with other faiths.