bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dancers at London's Italian Opera Houses as Recorded in the Libretti
Authors: Burden Michael
Published: November 2015

For the audience, the purchase of a libretto when attending the King's Theatre, London's elite house for foreign opera and dance, was a commonplace. It offered the text of the opera, and a parallel English translation; it could also contain an argument for the opera, and other material relevant to the performance. A dramatis personae was nearly always included, together with a cast list, and after the mid-century, the libretti often contained the names of the dancers and choreographers. This article sets out to document the mentions of these names, and to chart their inclusion in the context of the history of the libretto. It identifies the first inclusion of a choreographer's name (in Antigono, in May 1746), the first dancers (in Ipermestra, in November 1754), and the first leader of the dancers (in the libretti for the 1790–1791 season), and identifies the inexplicable tailing off, and then total omission, of dancer personnel from the London Italian opera libretti.
Music, Dance and Narrative in Rameau's Zaïs: Bringing the Immortal back to Life
Authors: Lalonger Edith , Williams Jonathan
Published: November 2015

The year 2014 saw the 250th anniversary of the death of the leading opera composer of the French Enlightenment, Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764). While none of his 30 operas was granted a full production in the UK, semi-staged performances of three were given in London as part of the Rameau Project by Jonathan Williams and the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment. This interdisciplinary collaboration is based at Oxford University and has since 2012 been re-examining performance issues in Rameau's operas. Perhaps most fascinating is their research into stylistically-appropriate dance with Baroque dancer and choreographer, Edith Lalonger. As their UK première of Zaïs given at the QEH in April 2014 highlighted, the impact of dance in these rich and colourful works is extraordinary. One year on, Williams and Lalonger reflect on their experiences of bringing Rameau's magical masterpiece to the London stage.
Le complexe d’Arachné : une pathologie des relations intersubjectives
Authors: Jandrok Thierry
Published: November 2015

Dans le cadre de cet article nous avons fait le choix de nous inspirer des Métamorphoses d’Ovide, et de l’histoire d’Arachné afin d’insister et de mettre en lumière comment certaines femmes initient des relations avec autrui. Travaillant à partir d’observations précises nous décrivons dans ce premier article sur cette recherche en cours quelques expressions comportementales de cette structure pathologique dans le cadre d’unions conjugales.
L’angoisse de mort sexuelle
Authors: Brenot Philippe
Published: November 2015

Le sexe et la mort entretiennent des rapports pour le moins ambigus, à la fois très proches dans la symbolique, et de nature presque opposée lorsque le sexe se veut force de vie. Cette courte réflexion veut préciser un symptôme souvent rencontré en sexologie autour de la perte de la fonction sexuelle que je qualifie d’ angoisse de mort sexuelle .
Approche anthropologique des interdits sexuels autour de la mort
Authors: Tillard Bernadette
Published: November 2015

Les interdits sexuels au moment de la mort s’inscrivent dans un ensemble de restrictions concernant les proches durant la phase intermédiaire (ou marge) du rite de passage. D’autre part, si peu d’anthropologues ont précisé ces interdits, les coutumes concernant le deuil des veuves et leur remariage nous donnent indirectement un aperçu des préconisations et de leurs fonctions, inscrivant l’interdit sexuel dans une problématique plus vaste et collective de cycle de vie.
A New Biomimetic Method Based on the Power Saves of Social Bees for Automatic Summaries of Texts by Extraction
Authors: Boudia Mohamed Amine , Hamou Reda Mohamed , Amine Abdelmalek , Rahmani Amine
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the authors propose a new approach for automatic text summarization by extraction based on Saving Energy Function where the first step constitute to use two techniques of extraction: scoring of phrases, and similarity that aims to eliminate redundant phrases without losing the theme of the text. While the second step aims to optimize the results of the previous layer by the metaheuristic based on Bee Algorithm, the objective function of the optimization is to maximize the sum of similarity between phrases of the candidate summary in order to keep the theme of the text, minimize the sum of scores in order to increase the summarization rate, this optimization also will give a candidate's summary where the order of the phrases changes compared to the original text. The third and final layer aims to choose the best summary from the candidate summaries generated by bee optimization, the authors opted for the technique of voting with a simple majority.
A View on Fuzzy Minimal Open Sets and Fuzzy Maximal Open Sets
Authors: Moradi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2015

A nonzero fuzzy open set () of a fuzzy topological space is said to be fuzzy minimal open (resp. fuzzy maximal open) set if any fuzzy open set which is contained (resp. contains) in is either or itself (resp. either or itself). In this note, a new class of sets called fuzzy minimal open sets and fuzzy maximal open sets in fuzzy topological spaces are introduced and studied which are subclasses of open sets. Some basic properties and characterization theorems are also to be investigated.
Weighted Indication-Based Similar Drug Sensing
Authors: Zhu Guangli , He Congna , Shunxiang Zhang , Du Yanyong , Xu Zheng
Published: November 2015

Rapidly finding some drugs with the same or similar treatment effect has great application value, it can be convenient to find alternative medicines for users such as medical staffs, drugs salesman and patients. To solve this problem, this paper presents a Drug Similarity Computation (DSC) algorithm which is a new technology about drug data sensing. Firstly, combining the user dictionary and waste word lib, the authors effectively extract drug terms from the indication text of drugs by the technology of Chinese word segmentation. Secondly, weighted indication knowledge database is built based on some terms of the similar indications to facilitate computing the similarity among drugs. Thirdly, according to the given input, a drug sub-set with similar treatment effect is gotten by searching weighted indication knowledge database. The presented algorithm sorts all records in this drug sub-set and does some filtering, and recommends some reasonable drugs according to the user's requirements. Experimental analysis shows that the presented algorithm is valid.
Compensatory Regulatory Networks between CD8 T, B, and Myeloid Cells in Organ Transplantation Tolerance
Authors: Bézie Séverine , Picarda Elodie , Ossart Jason , Martinet Bernard , Anegon Ignacio , Guillonneau Carole
Published: November 2015

In transplantation tolerance, numerous regulatory populations have the capacity to inhibit allograft rejection; however, their compensatory capacities have never been clearly evidenced. We have previously demonstrated that the tolerogenic effect mediated by CD8+CD45RClow regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a model of organ transplantation with CD40Ig could be abrogated by permanent depletion of CD8+ cells that resulted in allograft rejection in half of the recipients. This result demonstrated that CD8+ Tregs were essential, but also that half of the recipients still survived indefinitely. We also demonstrated that no other regulatory populations, besides CD8+ Tregs, could induce and maintain allograft tolerance in CD40Ig-treated tolerant animals. In the current study, we analyzed the mechanisms that arose following CD8+ Treg depletion and allowed establishment of networks of new regulatory cells to maintain allograft survival. We identified regulatory B cells (Bregs) and regulatory myeloid cells (RegMCs) as being responsible of the maintenance of the long-term allograft survival. We demonstrated that both regulatory cell subsets efficiently inhibited antidonor immune responses in adoptively transferred recipients. Although Bregs were induced, they were not essential for the maintenance of the graft as demonstrated in IgM-deficient recipients. In addition, we showed that RegMCs were the most suppressive and acted alone, whereas Bregs activity was associated with increased suppressive activity of other subsets in adoptively transferred recipients. Altogether, to our knowledge, we demonstrated in this study for the first time the emergence of both Bregs and RegMCs following Tregs depletion and highlighted the importance of regulatory cell networks and their synergistic potential in transplantation.
Structural and Functional Changes of the Invariant NKT Clonal Repertoire in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mansour Salah , Tocheva Anna S. , Sanderson Joseph P. , Goulston Lyndsey M. , Platten Helen , Serhal Lina , Parsons Camille , Edwards Mark H. , Woelk Christopher H. , Elkington Paul T. , Elliott Tim , Cooper Cyrus , Edwards Christopher J. , Gadola Stephan D.
Published: November 2015

Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) are potent immunoregulatory T cells that recognize CD1d via a semi-invariant TCR (iNKT-TCR). Despite the knowledge of a defective iNKT pool in several autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a clear understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms, including qualitative and structural changes of the human iNKT repertoire at the earlier stages of autoimmune disease, is lacking. In this study, we compared the structure and function of the iNKT repertoire in early RA patients with age- and gender-matched controls. We analyzed the phenotype and function of the ex vivo iNKT repertoire as well as CD1d Ag presentation, combined with analyses of a large panel of ex vivo sorted iNKT clones. We show that circulating iNKTs were reduced in early RA, and their frequency was inversely correlated to disease activity score 28. Proliferative iNKT responses were defective in early RA, independent of CD1d function. Functional iNKT alterations were associated with a skewed iNKT-TCR repertoire with a selective reduction of high-affinity iNKT clones in early RA. Furthermore, high-affinity iNKTs in early RA exhibited an altered functional Th profile with Th1- or Th2-like phenotype, in treatment-naive and treated patients, respectively, compared with Th0-like Th profiles exhibited by high-affinity iNKTs in controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a mechanism for the intrinsic qualitative defects of the circulating iNKT clonal repertoire in early RA, demonstrating defects of iNKTs bearing high-affinity TCRs. These defects may contribute to immune dysregulation, and our findings could be exploited for future therapeutic intervention.
Toxicity effect of sub-chronic oral administration of class bitters® - a polyherbal formula on serum electrolytes and hematological indices in male Wistar albino rats
Authors: Patrick-Iwuanyanwu Kingsley C. , Nkpaa Kpobari W.
Published: November 2015

The indiscriminate administration of readyto- use herbal formulations has become a major concern due to their potential health risk. The study investigated the effect of class bitters® (CB) - a polyherbal formula prepared with Mondia whitei, Khaya senegalensis, Capparis erythrocarpus, Thoningia sanguinea and Xylopia aethiopica on serum electrolytes and hematological parameters in male Wistar albino rats. Two doses (500 and 1000 mg kg–1) of the polyherbal drugs were administered orally to male Wistar albino rats for a period of 9 weeks. The results showed that administration of 500 and 1000 mg kg–1 body weight of CB recorded a marked increase in the levels of sodium and chlorum when compared with control. However, there was a marked reduction in the levels of potassium and hydrogen carbonate. The results of the study also showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the level of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets levels in the male Wistar albino rats, when compared with control. The marked decrease in Hb, PCV, RBCs and platelets concentrations observed in experimental rats in this study suggest that CB may have an adverse effect on erythropoiesis. These observations therefore showed that long-term administration of CB might cause renal disease and anemia.
The effect of a workstation chair and computer screen height adjustment on neck and upper back musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers
Authors: Van Vledder Nicole , Louw Quinette
Published: November 2015

Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in office workers. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine, including the clavicles and scapulae.Methods: A single subject (N = 1) study, in which the subject serves as her own control, was conducted using the ABC design. An ergonomic workstation adjustment of VDU and chair height was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over three four-week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated.Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration in sitting comfort was noted.Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit may have contributed to a decrease in work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from work-related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation is recommended.
Semi-Discrete and Fully Discrete Hybrid Stress Finite Element Methods for Elastodynamic Problems
Authors: Yu Zhengqin , Xie Xiaoping
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes and analyzes semi-discrete and fully discrete hybrid stress finite element methods for elastodynamic problems. A hybrid stress quadrilateral finite element approximation is used in the space directions. A second-order center difference is adopted in the time direction for the fully discrete scheme. Error estimates of the two schemes, as well as a stability result for the fully discrete scheme, are derived. Numerical experiments are done to verify the theoretical results.
Design-Led New Product Development in Chinese SMEs
Authors: Lou Ke , Southee Darren J. , Bohemia Erik
Published: November 2015

Design-oriented new product development (NPD) has been recognised as beneficial for company growth; however, there is limited reporting on the understanding of its effectiveness in a real-world context especially in Chinese SMEs. This paper aims to explore issues related to the implementation of designer-led NPD in a Chinese SME. An experiment was setup whereby two NPD teams were assigned to conduct NPD concurrently. One of the teams carried out the conventional NPD process model used by the company, and the other adopted the designer-led NPD process model. A metrics tool was built in the form of questionnaires for obtaining the views of the participants. Results indicate that design-led NPD is perceived to be more inclusive of team members’ views, even if the effectiveness of designer-led NPD in Chinese SMEs requires further investigations.
Serum thyroid hormone evaluation during transition periods in dairy cows
Authors: Fiore E. , Piccione G. , Gianesella M. , Praticò V. , Vazzana I. , Dara S. , Morgante M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Thirty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected from a high-producing dairy farm in northeastern Italy: 16 in second lactation (L2), 10 in third lactation (L3) and 9 in fourth lactation (L4). Blood sampling was carried out 7 ± 5 days before calving (Pre/C) and 7 ± 5 days after calving (Post/C). Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant effects of class (L2, L3, L4) and of period (Pre/C, Post/C) on the parameters studied (T3, T4, TSH). In particular, Bonferroni's multiple comparison test showed lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2 and L3 for TSH; lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2 for T3; and lower values in post-calving than in the pre-calving in L2, L3 and L4 for T4. Our results improve the knowledge of endocrine and metabolic changes occurring in dairy cows during transition periods and may be useful to supply a new strategy for the improvement of dairy cow farm management and reproductive performance.
On measurements of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere during two expeditions in 2013 along the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Sakerin S. M. , Bobrikov A. A. , Bukin O. A. , Golobokova L. P. , Pol'kin Vas. V. , Pol'kin Vik. V. , Shmirko K. A. , Kabanov D. M. , Khodzher T. V. , Onischuk N. A. , Pavlov A. N. , Potemkin V. L. , Radionov V. F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We presented the results of expedition measurements of the set of physical-chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in areas of the Arctic and Far East seas, performed onboard RV Akademik Fedorov (17 August–22 September 2013) and RV Professor Khljustin (24 July–7 September 2013). The specific features of spatial distribution and time variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 0.34–2.14 μm and boundary layer height, aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations, and disperse and chemical composition of aerosol are discussed. Over the Arctic Ocean (on the route of RV Akademik Fedorov) there is a decrease in aerosol and black carbon concentrations in a northeastern direction: higher values were observed in the region of Spitsbergen and near the Kola Peninsula; and minimum values were observed at northern margins of the Laptev Sea. Average AOD (0.5 μm) values in this remote region were 0.03; the aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations were 875 and 22 ng m−3, respectively. The spatial distributions of most aerosol characteristics over Far East seas show their latitudinal decrease in the northern direction. On transit of RV Professor Khljustin from the Japan Sea to the Chukchi Sea, the aerosol number concentration decreased on average from 23.7 to 2.5 cm−3, the black carbon mass concentration decreased from 150 to 50 ng m−3, and AOD decreased from 0.19 to 0.03. We analyzed the variations in the boundary layer height, measured by ship-based lidar: the average value was 520 m, and the maximal value was 1200 m. In latitudinal distribution of the boundary layer height, there is a characteristic minimum at a latitude of ~ 55° N. For water basins of eight seas, we present the chemical compositions of the water-soluble aerosol fraction (ions, elements) and small gas-phase species, as well as estimates of their vertical fluxes. It is shown that substances are mainly (75–89 %) supplied from the atmosphere to the sea surface together with gas-phase species. The deposited ions account for from 11 to 24.5 %, and trace elements account for 0.2–0.4 % of the total sum of water-soluble components. The average vertical fluxes of aerosol substance are a factor of 4–7 larger in the Japan Sea than in the water basins of Arctic seas.
Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer – Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and aerosol parameters
Authors: Brock C. A. , Wagner N. L. , Anderson B. E. , Beyersdorf A. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Day D. A. , Diskin G. S. , Gordon T. D. , Jimenez J. L. , Lack D. A. , Liao J. , Markovic M. , Middlebrook A. M. , Perring A. E. , Richardson M. S. , Schwarz J. P. , Welti A. , Ziemba L. D. , Murphy D. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013. Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015). We use these 0–4 km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation of these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, σg. However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of σg substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in model-calculated AOD of ~ 25 %. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental airmasses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1–0.5 μm diameter dominates aerosol extinction.
High-resolution measurements from the airborne Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Imager (ANDI)
Authors: Lawrence J. P. , Anand J. S. , Vande Hey J. D. , White J. , Leigh R. R. , Monks P. S. , Leigh R. J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide is both a primary pollutant with direct health effects and a key precursor of the secondary pollutant ozone. This paper reports on the development, characterisation and test flight of the Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Imager (ANDI) remote sensing system. The ANDI system includes an imaging UV/Vis grating spectrometer able to capture scattered sunlight spectra for the determination of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations by way of DOAS slant column density and vertical column density measurements. Results are shown for an ANDI test flight over Leicester City in the UK on a cloud-free winter day in February 2013. Retrieved NO2 columns gridded to a surface resolution of 80 m × 20 m revealed hotspots in a series of locations around Leicester City, including road junctions, the train station, major car parks, areas of heavy industry, a nearby airport (East Midlands) and a power station (Ratcliffe-on-Soar). In the city centre the dominant source of NO2 emissions was identified as road traffic, contributing to a background concentration as well as producing localised hotspots. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant urban increment over the city centre which increased throughout the flight.
MIPAS database: new HNO3 line parameters at 7.6 μm validated with MIPAS satellite measurements
Authors: Perrin A. , Flaud J.-M. , Ridolfi M. , Vander Auwera J. , Carlotti M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Improved line positions and intensities have been generated for the 7.6 μm spectral region of nitric acid. They were obtained relying on a recent reinvestigation of the nitric acid band system at 7.6 μm and comparisons of HNO3 volume mixing ratio profiles retrieved from the "Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding" (MIPAS) limb emission radiances in the 11 and 7.6 μm domains. This has led to an improved database called "MIPAS-2015". Comparisons with available laboratory information (individual line intensities, integrated absorption cross sections, and absorption cross sections) show that MIPAS-2015 provides an improved description of the 7.6 μm region of nitric acid. This study should help to improve HNO3 satellite retrievals by allowing measurements to be performed simultaneously in the 11 and 7.6 μm micro-windows. In particular, it should be useful to analyze existing MIPAS and IASI spectra as well as spectra to be recorded by the forthcoming "Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation" (IASI-NG) instrument.
Modeling spatial–temporal dynamics of global wetlands: comprehensive evaluation of a new sub-grid TOPMODEL parameterization and uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Z. , Zimmermann N. E. , Poulter B.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Simulations of the spatial–temporal dynamics of wetlands are key to understanding the role of wetland biogeochemistry under past and future climate variability. Hydrologic inundation models, such as TOPMODEL, are based on a fundamental parameter known as the compound topographic index (CTI) and provide a computationally cost-efficient approach to simulate wetland dynamics at global scales. However, there remains large discrepancy in the implementations of TOPMODEL in land-surface models (LSMs) and thus their performance against observations. This study describes new improvements to TOPMODEL implementation and estimates of global wetland dynamics using the LPJ-wsl dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM), and quantifies uncertainties by comparing three digital elevation model products (HYDRO1k, GMTED, and HydroSHEDS) at different spatial resolution and accuracy on simulated inundation dynamics. In addition, we found that calibrating TOPMODEL with a benchmark wetland dataset can help to successfully delineate the seasonal and interannual variations of wetlands, as well as improve the spatial distribution of wetlands to be consistent with inventories. The HydroSHEDS DEM, using a river-basin scheme for aggregating the CTI, shows best accuracy for capturing the spatio-temporal dynamics of wetlands among the three DEM products. The estimate of global wetland potential/maximum is ∼ 10.3 Mkm2 (106 km2), with a mean annual maximum of ∼ 5.17 Mkm2 for 1980–2010. This study demonstrates the feasibility to capture spatial heterogeneity of inundation and to estimate seasonal and interannual variations in wetland by coupling a hydrological module in LSMs with appropriate benchmark datasets. It additionally highlights the importance of an adequate investigation of topographic indices for simulating global wetlands and shows the opportunity to converge wetland estimates across LSMs by identifying the uncertainty associated with existing wetland products.
Sporopollen evidence for Late Miocene stepwise aridification on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu J. , Li J. J. , Song C. H. , Yu H. , Peng T. J. , Hui Z. C. , Ye X. Y.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Holding a climatically and geologically key position both regionally and globally, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau provides a natural laboratory for understanding the interactions between tectonic activity and the evolution of Asian aridification. Determining when and how the Late Miocene climate evolved on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau may help us understand better relations between tectonic uplift, global cooling and ecosystem evolution. Previous paleoenvironmental research has focused on the western Longzhong Basin. Late Miocene aridification data derived from sporopollen now requires corroborative evidence from the eastern Longzhong Basin. Here, we present a Late Miocene sporopollen record from the Tianshui Basin in the eastern Longzhong Basin. Our results show a two-stage stepwise aridification: a temperate forest with a more humid climate developed in the basin between 11.4 and 10.1 Ma, followed by a temperate open forest environment with a less humid climate between 10.1 and 7.4 Ma; and an open temperate forest-steppe environment with a relatively arid climate occupied the basin during 7.4 to 6.4 Ma. The vegetation succession demonstrates that Asian aridification occurred after ~ 7–8 Ma, which is confirmed by other evidence from Asia. Furthermore, this persistent aridification on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau parallels the global cooling of the Late Miocene; the stepwise vegetation succession is consistent with the major uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during this time. These integrated environmental proxies indicate that global cooling may have been a potential driving force for Asian interior aridification, most likely enhanced by stepwise uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
Une représentation du risque à l'intersection de l'aléa et de la vulnérabilité: cartographies des inondations lyonnaises
Authors: Renard F. , Soto D.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Essential to risk studies, vulnerability analysis of the assets of an area is often not suitable for practical application. It is usually more an assets census than a real vulnerability assessment, facing a given hazard. Its intersection with the hazards zoning poses also many methodological, cartographic and operational problems. This work starts with the key concepts of risk, thanks to a review of French and international literature study. Then, it provides a procedure which allows precise knowledge of the local vulnerability, available to all types of hazards and applicable to all areas. Finally, in order to get an overall perspective of risk, assets vulnerabilities are crossed with the hazards areas, in accordance to the spatial distribution of both components and using innovative geomatics operations. As part of this study, this methodology will be applied to the rivers flooding and overflowing runoff of the Greater Lyon.
Understanding groundwater – students' pre-conceptions and conceptual change by a theory-guided multimedia learning program
Authors: Unterbruner U. , Hilberg S. , Schiffl I.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Groundwater is a crucial topic in education for sustainable development. Nevertheless, international studies with students of different ages have shown that the basic hydrogeological concept of groundwater defined as water within porous and permeable rocks is not an established everyday notion. Building upon international research a multimedia learning program ("Between the raincloud and the tap") was developed. Insights from the fields of conceptual change research, multimedia research, and the Model of Educational Reconstruction were specifically implemented. Two studies were conducted with Austrian pupils (7th grade) and teacher training students from the fields of biology and geography in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the learning program. Using a quasi-experimental research design, the participants' conceptions and knowledge regarding groundwater were determined in a pre- and post-test. The pupils and students greatly profited from independently working through the learning software. Their knowledge of groundwater increased significantly compared to the control group and there was a highly significant increase in the number of scientifically correct notions of groundwater. The acceptance of the program was also generally very high. The results speak for the fact that theory-guided multimedia learning programs can play an important role in the transfer of research results into the classroom, particularly in science education.
Zero net livelihood degradation – the quest for a multidimensional protocol to combat desertification
Authors: Easdale M. H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The concept of Zero Net Land Degradation was recently proposed as the basis for a future protocol for the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification to reduce global dryland degradation. It aims at reducing the rate of land degradation and increasing the rate of restoration of already degraded land. Whereas there is recognition of the socio-economic contexts that underlie degradation processes, there is a narrow focus on land and soil as the end core that needs to be protected. In particular, there is an essential human dimension to the sustainability of drylands that should be adequately tackled. In order to provide a wider perspective of the zero net degradation in drylands, I suggest considering the different livelihoods of rural households as a framework that encompasses the multidimensional perspective of desertification as a complex social-ecological problem. I propose the Zero Net Livelihood Degradation as an enhanced protocol to combat desertification that should foster sustainable livelihood outcomes rather than only sustainable land practices or soil management.
Conhecimento de puérperas acerca do método anticoncepcional da lactação com amenorreia
Authors: Lopes de Moraes Moraes Jamile , Machado Carrion Paula Medeiros , Carneiro Jéssica Lourenço , Araújo Beserra Raylla , Castro Damasceno Ana Kelve , Ferreira Moura Escolástica Rejane
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de puérperas acerca do método anticoncepcional da lactação com amenorreia (LAM). Materiais e métodos: pesquisa transversal, realizada com 278 puérperas internadas em alojamento conjunto de maternidade de referência de Fortaleza, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, de fevereiro a maio de 2012. Resultados: identificou-se que 131 (47,1 %) haviam ouvido falar sobre a LAM e, destas, 58 (44,3 %) declararam conhecê-la antes da gravidez e 56 (42,7 %) no pré-natal; 94 (71,6 %) puérperas desacreditavam na sua eficácia e 100 (76,3 %) desconheciam os critérios para uso seguro. A fonte de informações sobre o método para 43 (32,8 %) puérperas foi amigos, familiares ou conhecidos, ou seja, de modo informal, e 71 (54,1 %) não foram orientadas por profissionais da saúde. Conclusões: lacunas no conhecimento de puérperas geram baixo uso e uso incorreto da LAM; também se destaca o elevado percentual de puérperas sem orientações por parte de profissionais da saúde.
Validación de la Escala Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) en población chilena adulta consultante en Atención Primaria
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Bustamante Claudia , Campos Solange , Sánchez Hugo , Beltrán Angela , Medina Margarita
Published: November 2015

ntroducción: la práctica de actividad física es esencial para el cuidado de la salud. Se requiere contar con instrumentos que permitan medirla y monitorear los cambios en las personas que la practican. Objetivos: adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA), y estimar sus propiedades psicométricas, su validez y confiabilidad, para medir el nivel de actividad física en personas adultas consultantes en centros de atención primaria en Santiago (Chile). Materiales y métodos: el RAPA adaptado fue aplicado a 180 adultos asistentes a 5 centros de salud. Se determinó su índice de masa corporal (IMC) y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Resultados: las puntuaciones en la escala RAPA se relacionaron en forma inversa y significativa con el perímetro de cintura y el IMC. Las personas categorizadas con bajo nivel de actividad física (Poco Activo y Poco Activo Regular Ligero) presentan un IMC promedio más elevado y son más frecuentemente categorizados con CC alterada. La confiabilidad del instrumento fue moderada (r = 0,61; K = 0,34). Conclusiones: el RAPA en su versión en español adaptada para Chile, es un instrumento de fácil aplicación, que pese a su moderada confiabilidad, logra ser sensible al desarrollo de actividad física, que presenta una relación coherente con los parámetros antropométricos de IMC y CC sensibles a dicha actividad.
A enfermagem ante os desafios enfrentados pela família na alimentação de criança em quimioterapia
Authors: Moura Sueiro Isis , Faria Silva Liliane , Garcia Bezerra Goes Fernanda , Montenegro Medeiros Moraes Juliana Rezende
Published: November 2015

Objetivos: identificar os desafios enfrentados pela família na alimentação da criança em quimioterapia antineoplásica e descrever as estratégias utilizadas pela família para superação dos desafios e as possibilidades de atuação da enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, realizada em maio de 2013, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 12 familiares de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico, internados na enfermaria de um hospital público pediátrico do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: dentre os desafios enfrentados pelas famílias na alimentação da criança em quimioterapia, estão os efeitos adversos das medicações no sistema gastrintestinal e a adaptação às mudanças alimentares em casa e no hospital. As estratégias utilizadas por eles para superação desses desafios são perguntar e oferecer o que a criança gosta e deixar a refeição mais atrativa. Dentre as principais formas de atuação da enfermagem destacadas pelos familiares, encontram-se a orientação e o apoio à família e à criança. Conclusão: que é importante a realização de cuidados de enfermagem para minimizar os danos resultantes do processo do adoecimento e do tratamento.
A análise do conceito segurança do paciente: a visão evolucionária de Rodgers
Authors: Andrade Alves Kisna Yasmin , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia , Nunes Dantas Cilene
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: analisar a evolução do conceito segurança do paciente empregado nas produções científicas sob a visão evolucionária de Rodgers. Método: trata-se de uma análise conceitual na visão evolucionária de Rodgers acerca do conceito segurança do paciente. Para tanto, foram analisadas, a partir de uma leitura reflexiva-crítica-indutiva, oito produções científicas: quatro dissertações de mestrado e quatro teses de doutoramento. Resultados: são apresentados em três pilares temáticos: 1) antecedentes e consequentes; 2) termos substitutos e conceitos relacionados; 3) atributos e conceitos. Considerações finais: destarte, promovem-se reflexões acerca da temática; proporciona-se embasamento conceitual para os diversos estudos acerca da segurança do paciente, independentemente de sua metodologia; fortalece-se a cultura de segurança de paciente e desmotivam-se as respostas punitivas ante os erros individuais.
Analysis of business incubators in Galicia according to their technologic or generalist orientation
Authors:   Departamento de Economía Aplicada. Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Campus de Lugo. Alfonso X El Sabio, 27002 Lugo (España). franciscojesus.ferreiro@usc.es, Ferreiro Seoane Francisco Jesús
Published: November 2015

The main objective of the presented article is to analyze Galician business incubators and their impact on Galicia´s economy from a technological or general point of view and the study if technological business incubators have a greater impact in the region´s economy than the general ones. First, literature will be revised to conceptualize innovation, technological innovation and technology-base companies, then the criteria followed so it can be categorized the types of Galician business incubators in technological or generalist, it will also be analyzed their characteristics, specification, management models, locations, entry requirements, services available, web site offer, years of operation, also economic resources, own revenues, reliance on public funding, physical space for the entrepreneur according to the star-up model, type of activity, gender, age, education and difficulty to enterprising. Finally, the contributions made by each type of incubator will be analyzed according to the suggested indicators, entrepreneurship creation, employment generation and business sustainability using the comparison of independent samples’ method, and Levene´s test to calculate the equality of variances carried out with the statistical package SPSS 22.0.0.0 version, to finally present the main conclusions of this study.
Diversification strategies in family and non-family groups: main differences according non-family group type
Authors:   Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas. C/ Gran Vía, nº 2, 50005 Zaragoza (Spain). alex@unizar.es, Hernández-Trasobares Alejandro , Galve-Górriz Carmen ,   Departamento de Dirección y Organización de Empresas. C/ Gran Vía, nº 2, 50005 Zaragoza (Spain). cgalve@unizar.es
Published: November 2015

In the last decade, the interest for the study of ownership structure as a determinant of diversification arises. However, there is a lack of researches that analyze the influence of the nature of the ultimate owner in the level and type of diversification. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze the diversification strategies used by the main Spanish business groups whose parent company is listed on the stock markets, and to study the differences between family and non-family business groups, considering in these last, the type of ultimate owner. In the study a sample of ninety-nine listed companies is used, where companies that constitute the business group are identified. In the paper are used as econometric methodologies the binomial logistic models and panel data models. The results show that family nature of business group positively influences in specialization and related diversification and negatively on unrelated diversification. Family groups differ most form those non-family groups where there is not a reference shareholder than can exercise effective control and ownership dispersion is higher, the groups referred as “non effective control”. The research allows further analysis of differences between family and non-family groups, considering the nature of the ultimate owner for non-family groups.
Fatores associados à osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa
Authors: Fernandes Talma Reis Leal , Oliveira Jevieli Belló , Lorencete Taísa Valques , Amadei Janete Lane
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa que realizaram seus exames de Densitometria Mineral Óssea em clínica privada da cidade de Maringá (PR) nos anos de 2012 e 2013 e sua associação com fatores de risco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo transversal envolvendo 177 mulheres na pós-menopausa. Foram incluídas no estudo as pacientes que apresentaram osteoporose primária, com ou sem histerectomia e excluídas as voluntárias que apresentaram outras condições ou doenças associadas à alteração da massa óssea. As principais variáveis analisadas foram: raça; Índice de Massa Corporal; idades da menarca e da menopausa e tempo de menopausa. Resultados: A média de idade da amostra foi 59 anos com desvio padrão de ±7,97 anos. Em relação à classificação das pacientes de acordo com os resultados do exame de massa óssea, 23% pertenciam ao grupo normal, 65% apresentaram osteopenia e 12%, osteoporose. A análise estatística mostrou associação da idade avançada e do tempo de menopausa com a doença, mas não houve significância estatística em relação à análise para associação dos demais fatores de risco. Conclusões: O estudo realizado permite concluir que houve baixa prevalência de densitometria normal e alta prevalência de baixa massa óssea na população amostral. A idade e período de tempo de menopausa podem ser considerados como fatores de risco para osteoporose na amostra.
Avaliação do princípio da coordenação na atenção primária à saúde da criança em Londrina-Pr
Authors: Souza Gisleine Tíemi , Alves Barbara Andrade , Tacla Mauren Teresa Grubisich Mendes , Collet Neusa , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves Oliveira
Published: November 2015

Atenção Primária à Saúde é um conjunto de funções que fornecem promoção, proteção, prevenção, tratamento e é considerada porta de entrada ao sistema de saúde. Possui quatro atributos essenciais: acesso de primeiro contato, longitudinalidade, integralidade e coordenação. Coordenação é a articulação entre os diversos serviços e ações relacionadas à saúde, que necessitam estar sincronizadas e contínuas para os atendimentos prestados, independentemente do local em que ocorrem. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o princípio da coordenação da atenção primária à saúde da criança nas 39 Unidades Básicas de Saúde da área urbana de Londrina-PR. Trata-se de pesquisa multicêntrica, realizada em Cascavel-PR, Londrina-PR e João Pessoa-PB, na forma descritiva e de natureza quantitativa, com a utilização do instrumento PCATool-Brasil, versão criança. Neste instrumento, a coordenação é subdividida em integração de cuidados, que refere à relação entre o serviço básico de saúde e de especialidades; e o sistema de informações que avalia os registros de saúde e a disponibilização dos prontuários. Dos 609 entrevistados, 29,2% relataram que a criança foi consultada pelo médico especialista. O escore da coordenação – integração de cuidados foi 7,393 e o escore da coordenação – sistema de informações 7,620. Das 8 perguntas do atributo da coordenação que podem ser avaliados por índices numéricos, três perguntas ficaram com escores abaixo de 6,6. Para que o atributo esteja de acordo com os preceitos da atenção primária à saúde, o escore deve estar acima desse valor. Conclui-se que o atributo coordenação obteve alto escore, apesar de três perguntas com escore baixo.
Evolução da qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do leite pasteurizado
Authors: Gonzaga Natalia , Daniel Gabriela Casarotto , Mareze Juliana , Marioto Louise Rodrigues Mariano , Tamanini Ronaldo , Beloti Vanerli
Published: November 2015

A qualidade do leite é definida, entre outros parâmetros, por um reduzido número de micro-organismos deteriorantes, baixa contagem de células somáticas e ausência de patógenos e resíduos químicos. Diversos trabalhos realizados em diferentes regiões do país têm enfatizado o elevado percentual de amostras fora dos padrões. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do leite pasteurizado produzido no Estado do Paraná ao longo de 7 anos. Foram analisadas 457 amostras de leite Pasteurizado, sendo 104 amostras no ano de 2008, 269 amostras em 2011 e 84 amostras em 2014. As amostras foram submetidas às análises físico-químicas de crioscopia e pesquisa de enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. Quanto às análises microbiológicas, foram realizadas contagens de coliformes a 30°C, coliformes 45°C e contagem padrão em placas. No laboratório, as análises físico-químicas foram realizadas de acordo com a Instrução Normativa 68 e microbiológicas conforme a Instrução Normativa 62, ambas do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento. Os resultados demonstraram que com o passar dos anos a qualidade microbiológica do leite diminuiu, havendo um aumento de amostras fora do padrão. Quanto às enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase, a temperatura de pasteurização foi respeitada ao longo do tempo e o superaquecimento do leite foi mais frequente em 2011. As fraudes por adição de água diminuíram ou então ficaram mais sofisticadas, dificultando sua detecção.