bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of sex and exercise training on β-adrenoreceptor-mediated opposition of evoked sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting muscle of rats
Authors: Cooper Ian R. , Liu Sixue , DeLorey Darren S.
Published: October 2020

β-adrenoreceptors do not inhibit sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting or contracting muscle of male or female rats, regardless of training status. Sympatholysis was enhanced in female, compared to male rats; however, β-adrenoreceptors were not responsible for the enhanced sympatholysis. These findings indicate that β-adrenoreceptors do not contribute to the regulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle and suggest that β-adrenoreceptors do not underlie sex differences in the neural control of the circulation.
ROS-Mediated Necroptosis Is Involved in Iron Overload-Induced Osteoblastic Cell Death
Authors: Tian Qing , Qin Bo , Gu Yufan , Zhou Lijun , Chen Songfeng , Zhang Song , Zhang Shuhao , Han Qicai , Liu Yong , Wu Xuejian
Published: October 2020

Excess iron has been reported to lead to osteoblastic cell damage, which is a crucial pathogenesis of iron overload-related osteoporosis. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms have not been fully documented. In the present study, we focused on whether necroptosis contributes to iron overload-induced osteoblastic cell death and related underlying mechanisms. Here, we showed that the cytotoxicity of iron overload in osteoblastic cells was mainly due to necrosis, as evidenced by the Hoechst 33258/PI staining, Annexin-V/PI staining, and transmission electronic microscopy. Furthermore, we revealed that iron overload-induced osteoblastic necrosis might be mediated via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necroptotic pathway. In addition, we also found that iron overload was able to trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, which is a critical downstream event in the execution of necroptosis. The key finding of our experiment was that iron overload-induced necroptotic cell death might depend on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as N-acetylcysteine effectively rescued mPTP opening and necroptotic cell death. ROS induced by iron overload promote necroptosis via a positive feedback mechanism, as on the one hand N-acetylcysteine attenuates the upregulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 and phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL and on the other hand Nec-1, siRIPK1, or siRIPK3 reduced ROS generation. In summary, iron overload induced necroptosis of osteoblastic cells in vitro, which is mediated, at least in part, through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. We also highlight the critical role of ROS in the regulation of iron overload-induced necroptosis in osteoblastic cells.
Effects of Cryogenic Treatment and Tempering on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of 0.25C‐0.80Si‐1.6Mn Steel
Authors: Li Yuhua , Chen Yongli , Zhou Xuejiao
Published: October 2020

The effects of mechanical strength and yield ratio on the seismic steel are significant. This paper investigated the mechanical strength and yield ratio of medium carbon seismic steel by deep cryogenic treatment at −60°C and −110°C for 60∼120 s and tempering at 350°C for 30 minutes. The microstructure, misorientation, grain boundary, and size were characterized by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometery (EDS). The result shows that the tensile strength and reduction of the cross‐sectional area of steel were increased by 170 MPa and 9% and yield ratio and elongation were decreased by 0.13 and 9% due to the existence of the large‐angle grain boundary. The present study confirms that the mechanical properties of medium seismic steel can be improved effectively by the deep cryogenic treatment and tempering.
OPN Deficiency Increases the Severity of Osteoarthritis Associated with Aberrant Chondrocyte Senescence and Apoptosis and Upregulates the Expression of Osteoarthritis-Associated Genes
Authors: Tian Jian , Cheng Chao , Kuang Shi-Da , Su Chao , Zhao Xin , Xiong Yi-lin , Li Yu-Sheng , Gao Shu-Guang
Published: October 2020

Objectives. A recent work has reported that the elevated osteopontin (OPN) levels in the articular cartilage and synovial fluid are correlated with the progressive osteoarthritis (OA) joint damage, and OPN has a protective effect against OA by suppressing the expressions of OA-associated genes. The present study examined whether the OPN deficiency was susceptible to OA through the regulation of chondrocyte senescence and apoptosis and the expressions of OA-associated genes. Methods. The mRNA levels of COL2A1 and OPN were compared between human OA chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. The effects of OPN siRNA on the SA-β-Gal expressions and the percentage of apoptotic chondrocytes were examined by using SA-β-Gal staining and apoptosis assay, and the effects on the expressions of COL2A1 and OA-associated genes (COL10A1, IL-1β, TNF-ɑ, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5) were examined by western blot analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, an in vivo OA model was established to examine the effects of OPN siRNA on the senescence and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes and the expressions of OA-associated genes. Results. The mRNA levels of COL2A1 and OPN were decreased in knee OA chondrocytes in comparison with those in normal chondrocytes. The OPN deficiency enhanced the senescence and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes and increased the expressions of COL10A1, IL-1β, TNF-ɑ, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5 but decreased the expression of COL2A1. Meanwhile, OPN deficiency could result in severe, accelerated OA in vivo, which was also associated with enhanced senescence and apoptosis of chondrocytes and elevated expressions of OA-associated genes. Conclusions. The findings of this study suggest that the OPN deficiency can result in accelerated OA, which is associated with enhanced senescence and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes and the upregulated expressions of OA-associated genes.
A Note on Edge-Group Choosability of Planar Graphs without 5-Cycles
Authors: Khamseh Amir
Published: October 2020

This paper is devoted to a study of the concept of edge-group choosability of graphs. We say that

G

is edge-

k

-group choosable if its line graph is

k

-group choosable. In this paper, we study an edge-group choosability version of Vizing conjecture for planar graphs without 5-cycles and for planar graphs without noninduced 5-cycles (2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C15, 05C20).
Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Partially Ordered Sets
Authors: Bouzkoura Khadija , Benkaddour Said
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to prove some new fixed point theorem and common fixed point theorems of a commuting family of order-preserving mappings defined on an ordered set, which unify and generalize some relevant fixed point theorems.
Expression Patterns and Prognostic Values of ORMDL1 in Different Cancers
Authors: Zhu Tengjiao , Chen Yingtong , Min Shuyuan , Li Fang , Tian Yun
Published: October 2020

The mammalian orosomucoid‐like gene family (ORMDL), containing ORMDL1, ORMDL2, and ORMDL3, is the important regulator of sphingolipid metabolism, which is relevant to cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Since the role of ORMDL1 in cancers remained unclear, the main purpose of our study was to explore the expression patterns and prognostic values of ORMDL1 in different tumors, especially in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), and thymoma (THYM). Bioinformatics tools including GEPIA, CCLE, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases were used. As a result, the expression levels of ORMDL1 in tumor tissues and normal tissues varied in different cancers, especially significantly upregulated in CHOL, DLBCL, LAML, and THYM. Moreover, ORMDL1 mRNA was also highly expressed in cell lines of DLBCL and LAML. Further studies showed that ORMDL1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in DLBCL, but not significant in CHOL, LAML, and THYM. Consistently, there were genetic alterations of ORMDL1 in DLBCL, and patients with genetic alterations indicated worse survival. Coexpressed genes and related biological events with ORMDL1 in DLBCL were found via LinkedOmics, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The relationship between ORMDL1 and cancer immune cells was investigated, and ORMDL1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells. In conclusion, ORMDL1 is suggested to be a tumorigenic factor and considered as the potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in DLBCL.
Exploring Host Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in SARS-CoV Infection Outcomes: Implications for Personalized Medicine in COVID-19
Authors: Ramos-Lopez Omar , Daimiel Lidia , Ramírez de Molina Ana , Martínez-Urbistondo Diego , Vargas Juan A. , Martínez J. Alfredo
Published: October 2020

Objective. To systematically explore genetic polymorphisms associated with the clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV infection in humans. Methods. This comprehensive literature search comprised available English papers published in PubMed/Medline and SCOPUS databases following the PRISMA-P guidelines and PICO/AXIS criteria. Results. Twenty-nine polymorphisms located in 21 genes were identified as associated with SARS-CoV susceptibility/resistance, disease severity, and clinical outcomes predominantly in Asian populations. Thus, genes implicated in key pathophysiological processes such as the mechanisms related to the entry of the virus into the cell and the antiviral immune/inflammatory responses were identified. Conclusions. Although caution must be taken, the results of this systematic review suggest that multiple genetic polymorphisms are associated with SARS-CoV infection features by affecting virus pathogenesis and host immune response, which could have important applications for the study and understanding of genetics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and for personalized translational clinical practice depending on the population studied and associated environments.
Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis: A Question of Time
Authors: Bellefroid Céline , Goffin Pierre , Guntz Julien , Deville Marine
Published: October 2020

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic largely prescribed in the treatment of type II diabetes. Overdose is associated with life-threatening lactic acidosis. We report the case of the highest metformin concentration ever described secondary to a voluntary suicidal intake. The patient developed a severe lactic acidosis and hemodynamic shock successfully treated with high-flow hemofiltration. Time to start extrarenal epuration is capital to avoid poor evolution.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem®) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Derbie Awoke , Mekonnen Daniel , Adugna Meseret , Yeshitela Biruk , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Abebe Tamrat
Published: October 2020

Background. Africa still bears the largest burden of malaria as the majority of infections in the continent are caused by P. falciparum. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL, Coartem®) is the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria globally. However, the development of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major challenge for malaria control. In this review, the efficacy of AL for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa was evaluated. Methods. Articles published between January 2015 and July 2019 were systematically searched using comprehensive search strings from PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and grey literature from Google Scholar. Interventional studies that followed patients for at least 28 days were included. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. All the included articles were measured to be good quality. While computing the efficacy of AL, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–corrected cure rate (adequate clinical and parasitological response, ACPR) at day 28 was considered as the main endpoint. Meta-analysis was computed using STATA v 15 to calculate the pooled ACPR. Results. In this review, 39 articles that reported the treatment outcome of 8,320 patients were included. After 28 days of follow-up, the pooled PCR uncorrected and corrected APCR was at 87% (95% CI: 85-90%) and 97.0% (95% CI: 96-98%), respectively. Moreover, the proportion of early treatment failure (ETF) was almost 0%, while most of the included articles reported <8% late treatment failures. The reinfection and recrudescence rate was less than 10% and 2.6%, respectively, within 28 days. We noted rapid fever and parasite clearance in which greater than 93% and 94% patients were parasite and fever free at day three following AL treatment. Conclusions. This review discovered that despite more than a decade since its introduction, Coartem® remains effective and thus could continue to be the drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria for all age groups in Africa. However, the risk of new emerging resistance for this combination warrants regular monitoring of its efficacy across the continent.
Tangential Change Behavior and Pedestrian Simulation of Multichannel Evacuation Crowd
Authors: Jin Lianghai , Fang Mei , Chen Shu , Lei Wenfan , Chen Yun
Published: October 2020

In evacuation, the velocity difference of adjacent pedestrians before and after often leads to tangential change of pedestrian location in channel. This tangential change behavior and its interaction disturb the stable state of crowd evacuation in multiple channels, which can affect the efficiency of crowd evacuation and even cause trampling accidents. This paper considers the dynamic comfort distance and the expected speed and analyzes the relative position changes after pedestrians change lanes. It investigates the conditions of tangential change behavior and defines the rules of tangential change behavior processing. Meanwhile, it investigates the crowd’s tangential change behavior and its interaction process, revealing the crowd evacuation mechanism of tangential change behavior conditions. Simulation results show that as the crowd density gradually increases, pedestrians exhibit the evolutionary characteristic of “no tangential change ⟶ occasional tangential change ⟶ frequent tangential change ⟶ closely following.” The evacuation speed is obviously influenced by pedestrian’s tangential change behavior and crowd density; when the pedestrian density

ρ
=
2.0

and

ρ
=
3.0

, the tangential change behavior not only makes the speed difference and fluctuation between different lanes great but also has the same effect on the average speed of pedestrians. The results of this study can provide theoretical insights into the organization of multichannel evacuation and expand the theoretical space of crowd dynamics in an evacuation.
Prevention of Fascial Retraction in the Open Abdomen with a Novel Device
Authors: Hees Anita , Willeke Frank
Published: October 2020

The open abdomen requires intensive and specific treatment efforts. Long hospital admissions, treatment duration, high mortality rates, deferred and delayed wound closures with alloplastic materials or elaborate closure techniques, and the need for subsequent surgical procedures justify and call for implementation of new therapy options. The case presented here demonstrates the use of a new product (Fasciotens Abdomen) to prevent fascial retraction in the open abdomen of an extubated, conscious patient with four-quadrant peritonitis after perforated appendicitis. Controlled, anteriorly directed fascial traction of 50-60 Newtons prevented fascial retraction during open treatment of the abdomen. Once edema was reduced, abdominal closure was completed without difficulty. This new form of therapy was well tolerated by the patient and led to a markedly more rapid abdominal closure without mesh or abdominal wall reconstruction.
Fractal Ion Acoustic Waves of the Space-Time Fractional Three Dimensional KP Equation
Authors: Abdou M. A. , Owyed Saud , Ray S. Saha , Chu Yu-Ming , Inc Mustafa , Ouahid Loubna
Published: October 2020

Methods known as fractional subequation and sine-Gordon expansion (FSGE) are employed to acquire new exact solutions of some fractional partial differential equations emerging in plasma physics. Fractional operators are employed in the sense of conformable derivatives (CD). New exact solutions are constructed in terms of hyperbolic, rational, and trigonometric functions. Computational results indicate the power of the method.
Development, Reliability, and Validity of the“Knowledge‐Attitude‐Practice” Questionnaire of Foreigners on Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment
Authors: Li Lusha , Zhang Junlu , Qiao Qiaohua , Wu Lihong , Chen Liying
Published: October 2020

Objective. To develop a “knowledge‐attitude‐practice” questionnaire as an evaluating tool of foreigners’ cognition on TCM treatment, so as to promote the internationalization of TCM. Methods. The questionnaire was based on the “knowledge‐attitude‐practice” model and adjusted by expert consultation using the Delphi method. After conducting a survey among foreigners, Cronbach’s α and exploratory factor analysis were used to test the internal consistency reliability and structural validity of the questionnaire, respectively. Results. A total of 10 experts participated in two rounds of expert consultation. The recovery rates of two rounds of expert consultation form were 100.0%. The coefficient authority in two rounds of expert consultation was 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The concentration of expert opinions in the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions was 3.80 to 4.70 points, 3.70 to 4.50 points, and 3.60 to 4.40 points, respectively, in the first round and 4.30 to 4.80 points, 4.10 to 4.60 points, and 4.00 to 4.50 points, respectively, in the second round. The coefficient of variation in the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions was 0.10–0.32, 0.16–0.29, and 0.19–0.35, respectively, in the first round and 0.09–0.19, 0.15–0.25, and 0.16–0.31, respectively, in the second round. The W value and significance test x2 in the first round were 0.657 and 218.620 while those in the second round were 0.671 and 181.181(P < 0.001). 8 items were deleted and 1 item was added, and other reserved items were modified according to the statistical analysis results of evaluation items and expert suggestions after the first round and there were no changes after the second round. The revised questionnaire includes three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a total of 30 items. After translating the questionnaire into English, it was conducted in 176 foreigners. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the total questionnaire, knowledge dimension, attitude dimension, and practice dimension was 0.908, 0.781, 0.823, and 0.918, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 factors with a cumulative contribution of 54.090%. After testing reliability and validity, 1 item was deleted, leaving 29 items. Conclusions. After two rounds of expert consultation based on the Delphi method, the results of expert authority, expert coordination, and expert opinions’ concentration were promising, and the expert consultation results were reliable. The “knowledge‐attitude‐practice” questionnaire of foreigners on TCM treatment in English had good reliability and validity and can evaluate foreigners’ cognition on TCM treatment.
Managing Cost-Based Risks in Construction Supply Chains: A Stakeholder-Based Dynamic Social Network Perspective
Authors: Tang Handong , Wang Ge , Miao Yanyan , Zhang Peng
Published: October 2020

In construction projects, cost-related risks are challenges that need to be coped with. These cost-related risks interact with each other along with the project progress and involve different stakeholders, forming a stakeholder-cost risk network. Previous studies have discussed the stakeholder-cost risk network; however, few studies have considered its dynamic characteristics. Different from traditional methods, this study employed the social network analysis (SNA) to explore the key indicators of cost-related risks within the supply chain and identify the key risks and stakeholders across four project stages: the planning start-up stage, design preparation stage, construction period, and operations and maintenance period. From a horizontal point of view (i.e., network development process), the complexity of the stakeholder-cost risk network demonstrates a U-shaped development process during the project life cycle, ranging from simple to complex to simple. From a vertical point of view (i.e., network hierarchical characteristics), the important cost-based risks are diversified within each stage. The current study contributes to forming a better understanding of the stakeholder-cost risk network from a dynamic perspective as well as the crucial cost-based risks within each stage of the project. The findings provide implications for managers to better align cost-based risk intervention strategies, thereby facilitating the achievement of construction project success.
Experimental and Molecular Level Analysis of the Tribological and Oxidative Properties of Chaulmoogra Oil
Authors: Salaji S. , Jayadas N. H.
Published: October 2020

This study introduces chaulmoogra oil as a base stock for lubricant formulation. The tribological properties of chaulmoogra oil are evaluated by quantitative structure-property relation (QSPR) technique using the molecular modelling package Spartan 18. The quantum chemical calculations were performed on a typical molecule of chaulmoogra oil and its constituent fatty acids. The orbital energy gap of the constituent fatty acids in chaulmoogra oil is 7.37 eV and that of chaulmoogra oil molecule is 6.8 eV, which is less than that of the lauric acid, the main constituent of coconut oil (7.78 eV). Orbital energy gap predicts a better tribological performance for chaulmoogra oil, and the four ball test result is in agreement with this prediction. Oxidative property of chaulmoogra oil is tested by isothermal thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and compared with different oils. Weight gain in oxygen is only 0.02% for chaulmoogra oil and showed better oxidative stability among all other tested oils.
A Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Guo Ning , Qian Bin , Hu Rong , Jin Huai P. , Xiang Feng H.
Published: October 2020

The multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MCVRP) has been applied in fuel or food delivery, waste collection, and livestock transportation. Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) has been recognized as an efficient method to solve the VRP and its variants. In this paper, an improved hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm (IHACO) is proposed to minimize the total mileage of the MCVRP. First, a probabilistic model is designed to guide the algorithm search towards high-quality regions or solutions by considering both similar blocks of customers and customer permutations. Then, a heuristic rule is presented to generate initial individuals to initialize the probabilistic model, which can drive the search to the high-quality regions faster. Moreover, a new local search using the geometry optimization is developed to execute exploitation from the promising regions. Finally, two types of variable neighborhood descent (VND) techniques based on the speed-up search strategy and the first move strategy are devised to further enhance the local exploitation ability. Comparative numerical experiments with other algorithms and statistical analyses are carried out, and the results show that IHACO can achieve better solutions.
Projection of Future Hydropower Generation in Samanalawewa Power Plant, Sri Lanka
Authors: Khaniya Bhabishya , Karunanayake Chamaka , Gunathilake Miyuru B. , Rathnayake Upaka
Published: October 2020

The projection of future hydropower generation is extremely important for the sustainable development of any country, which utilizes hydropower as one of the major sources of energy to plan the country’s power management system. Hydropower generation, on the other hand, is mostly dependent on the weather and climate dynamics of the local area. In this paper, we aim to study the impact of climate change on the future performance of the Samanalawewa hydropower plant located in Sri Lanka using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs are one of the most effective machine learning tools for examining nonlinear relationships between the variables to understand complex hydrological processes. Validated ANN model is used to project the future power generation from 2020 to 2050 using future projected rainfall data extracted from regional climate models. Results showcased that the forecasted hydropower would increase in significant percentages (7.29% and 10.22%) for the two tested climatic scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Therefore, this analysis showcases the capability of ANN in projecting nonstationary patterns of power generation from hydropower plants. The projected results are of utmost importance to stakeholders to manage reservoir operations while maximizing the productivity of the impounded water and thus, maximizing economic growth as well as social benefits.
Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon for the Treatment of Coronary Lesions in Complex ACS Patients: The SELFIE Registry
Authors: Caiazzo Gianluca , De Michele Mario , Golino Luca , Manganiello Vincenzo , Fattore Luciano
Published: October 2020

Background. Sirolimus-coated balloons (SCBs) represent a novel therapeutic option for both in-stent restenosis (ISR) and de novo coronary lesions treatment, especially in small vessels. Our registry sought to evaluate the procedural and clinical outcomes of such devices in a complex acute coronary syndrome (ACS) clinical setting. Methods and Results. We treated 74 consecutive patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with at least 1 SCB used for ISR and/or de novo coronary lesion in small vessels at our institution. Sixty-two patients presented with ACS, and their data were included in our analysis. The mean age was 67 ± 10 years, and patients presenting with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) were 14 (23%). De novo lesions were 52%, whereas ISR was 48%. Procedural success occurred in 100% of the cases. At the 11 ± 7 months follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were 3 (4.8%). Cardiovascular death (CD) occurred in 1 (1.6%) patient and myocardial infarction (MI) in 2 patients (3.2%) as well as ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). One probable subacute thrombosis occurred (1.6%) with no major bleedings. In a subgroup analysis, the incidence of MACE did not show significant differences between patients treated for de novo lesions and ISR (HR: 0.239; CI 95%: 0.003–16.761,

p
=
0.509

). Conclusions. In the SELFIE prospective registry, SCB showed a good safety and efficacy profile for the treatment of coronary lesions, both ISR and/or de novo in small vessels, in a complex ACS population of patients at the 11 ± 7 months follow-up.
Deformation Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in the Deep-Buried Large-Span Chamber
Authors: Yu Weijian , Li Ke
Published: October 2020

The selection of the support scheme for deep-buried and large-span chambers has been a severe problem in underground engineering. To further study the mechanical mechanism of large deformation, based on the repair engineering of the chambers of Pingdingshan No.6 mine in China, the field investigation, laboratory test, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis were studied. The surrounding rock of the central substation chamber (CSC) and the main pumping chamber (MPC) were classified according to the rock mass rating (RMR) classification method, and the main factors affecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the chambers were revealed. A prediction model of mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock was established based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Additionally, the prediction results were used in FLAC3D to further analyze the failure of the original support scheme, and the feasibility of the restoration plan was proposed. Six key points of support technology for this kind of chamber were put forward. Comprehensive support and repair scheme, including “bolt, metal mesh, shotcrete, grouting, anchor cable, and combined anchor cable,” was put forward. The engineering practice indicated that the deformation rate was less than 0.7 mm/d, which was beneficial to the long-term stability of CSC and MPC. The implementation of this restoration project can provide a reference for other similar projects.
Comparison of Survival Rates of Stainless-Steel Crowns Placed with and without Pulpotomy: A Two-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: AlMotawah Fatmah N. , Chandra Pani Sharat , AlKharashi Tala , AlKhalaf Saleh , AlKhathlan Mohammed , AlSultan Fahad , AlMughirah Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Aim. This study aimed to retrospectively compare the survival outcomes over two years between teeth with proximal dental caries that were restored with stainless-steel crowns to those that were pulpotomized and then restored with a stainless-steel crown in patients who were rehabilitated under general anesthesia. Participants and Methods. The records of 131 patients aged between two to six years who had stainless-steel crowns placed under general anesthesia and had two-year follow-up were screened. 340 teeth with moderate proximal caries on the radiograph (D2) were included in the study. Of these, 164 teeth were treated with a pulpotomy and stainless-steel crown, while 176 teeth were crowned without a pulpotomy. The type of each tooth was compared using the Chi-squared test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and curves were plotted based on the two-year outcomes. Results. Treatment: the sample comprised 59 males (mean age 4.73 years, SD ± 1.4 years) and 72 females (mean age 5.2 years, SD ± 2.0 years). The Kaplan–Meier regression model showed no significant difference in survival outcomes between teeth that had been pulpotomized and those that had not (

p

 = 0.283). Conclusion. Within the limitations of the current study, we can conclude that performing a pulpotomy does not influence the survival outcome of mild/moderate proximal caries restored with stainless-steel crowns under general anesthesia.
Metagenomic Analysis Exploring Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Sugarcane Fields Applied with Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Pang Ziqin , Zhou Yongmei , Fallah Nyumah , Hu Chaohua , Lin Wenxiong , Yuan Zhaonian
Published: October 2020

Organic fertilizers are critically important to soil fertility, microbial communities, and sustainable agricultural strategies. We compared the effect of two fertilizer groups (organic+chemical fertilizer: OM, chemical fertilizer: CK) on sugarcane growth, by observing the difference in microbial communities and functions, soil nutrient status, and agronomic characters of sugarcane. The results showed that the sugar content and yield of sugarcane increased significantly under organic fertilizer treatment. We believe that the increased soil nutrient status and soil microorganisms are the reasons for this phenomenon. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that the soil nutrient condition has a major impact on the soil microbial community. In comparison with CK, the species richness of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes as well as the functional abundance of nucleotide metabolism and energy metabolism increased significantly in the OM field. Moreover, compared with CK, genes related to the absorption and biosynthesis of sulfate were more prominent in OM. Therefore, consecutive organic fertilizer application could be an effective method in reference to sustainable production of sugarcane.
Distinct Expression Patterns of Apoptosis and Autophagy-Associated Proteins and Genes during Postnatal Development of Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Rat
Authors: Hou Shule , Chen Penghui , Chen Jiarui , Chen Junmin , Sun Lianhua , Chen Jianyong , He Baihui , Li Yue , Qin Huan , Hong Yuren , Li Shuna , He Jingchun , Gao Dekun , Mammano Fabio , Yang Jun
Published: October 2020

Autophagy and apoptosis have a complex interplay in the early embryo development. The development of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in addition to Corti’s organ in the mammalian cochlea remains crucial in the first two-week postnatal period. To investigate the roles of apoptosis and autophagy in the development of SGNs, light microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes of SGNs. The number of SGNs was decreased from P1 to P7 and plateaued from P10 to P14. Immunohistochemistry results revealed positive expression of cleaved-caspase3, bcl-2, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), Beclin1, and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/P62) in SGNs. The apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes and autolysosomes were also identified by transmission electron microscopy at P1 and P7. Real-time PCR and western blotting results revealed that the apoptotic activity peaked at P7 and the autophagy activity was gradually upregulated along with the development. Taken together, our results for the first time showed that autophagy and apoptosis in SGNs play distinct roles during specific developmental phases in a time-dependent manner.
Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Pathological Humerus Fracture due to Multiple Myeloma with Systemic Manifestation: Useful Option for Management in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Hamal Pawan Kumar , Lamichhane Bibena , Pokhrel Nabin , Singh Janith , Yadav Rupesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Anesthetic management of pathological fracture due to multiple myeloma with systemic manifestation poses a perioperative challenge especially in low-resource setups like Nepal. Regional anesthesia using ultrasound-guided block can improve the accuracy, reduce complications, and improve overall perioperative management of pathological fractures due to malignancy with systemic spread in resource-deprived setups. We present a case of a 53-year-old lady with pathological fracture of left humerus shaft, a diagnosed case of multiple myeloma with compression fracture of multiple lumbar spine with chest wall metastasis with resolving acute kidney injury with chest infections. Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block with sedation was done for open reduction internal fixation of humerus shaft fracture taking in consideration the overall high perioperative risk of patient. Intraoperative hemodynamic was uneventful, with no neurological sequelae and good recovery status perioperatively. Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block if done cautiously can be a very useful alternative technique for better perioperative outcome in patients with malignancy with systemic spread in areas where expertise is scarce and resource is limited.
Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Biomarkers
Authors: Grady William M. , Yu Ming , Markowitz Sanford D. , Chak Amitabh
Published: October 2020

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Western countries. The incidences of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor Barrett's esophagus have increased substantially in the last four decades. Current care guidelines recommend that endoscopy be used for the early detection and monitoring of patients with Barrett's esophagus; however, the efficacy of this approach is unclear. To prevent the increasing morbidity and mortality from esophageal adenocarcinoma, there is a tremendous need for early detection and surveillance biomarker assays that are accurate, low-cost, and clinically feasible to implement. The last decade has seen remarkable advances in the development of minimally invasive molecular biomarkers, an effort led in large part by the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). Advances in multi-omics analysis, the development of swallowable cytology collection devices, and emerging technology have led to promising assays that are likely to be implemented into clinical care in the next decade. In this review, an updated overview of the molecular pathology of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma and emerging molecular biomarker assays, as well as the role of EDRN in biomarker discovery and validation, will be discussed.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Impact of Cigarette Filter Ventilation on U.S. Smokers' Perceptions and Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm
Authors: Carroll Dana M. , Stepanov Irina , O'Connor Richard , Luo Xianghua , Cummings K. Michael , Rees Vaughan W. , Bickel Warren K. , Berman Micah L. , Ashley David L. , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Shields Peter G. , Hatsukami Dorothy K.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Relationships between cigarette filter ventilation levels, biomarkers of exposure (BOE) and potential harm (BOPH), and harm perceptions were examined.

Methods:

Filter ventilation levels in cigarette brands were merged with Wave 1 (2013–2014) Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health study. Data were restricted to smokers who reported a usual brand and not regular users of other tobacco products. BOEs included nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. BOPHs measured inflammation and oxidative stress. Perceived harm was assessed as self-reported risk of one's usual brand compared with other brands.

Results:

Filter ventilation ranged from 0.2% to 61.1% (n = 1,503). Adjusted relationships between filter ventilation and BOE or BOPH were nonsignificant except for VOC N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine (PHMA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In pairwise comparisons, PHMA was higher in quartile (Q) 4 (4.23 vs. 3.36 pmol/mg; P = 0.0103) and Q3 (4.48 vs. 3.36 pmol/mg; P = 0.0038) versus Q1 of filter ventilation and hsCRP comparisons were nonsignificant. Adjusted odds of perceiving one's own brand as less harmful was 26.87 (95% confidence interval: 4.31–167.66), 12.55 (3.01–52.32), and 19.18 (3.87–95.02) times higher in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 of filter ventilation compared with Q1 (P = 0.0037).

Conclusions:

Filter ventilation was not associated with BOE or BOPH, yet smokers of higher ventilated cigarettes perceived their brand as less harmful than other brands compared with smokers of lower ventilated cigarettes.

Impact:

Research to understand the impact of this misperception is needed, and remedial strategies, potentially including a ban on filter ventilation, are recommended.
Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Screening and Detection
Authors: Ostrin Edwin J. , Sidransky David , Spira Avrum , Hanash Samir M.
Published: October 2020

Lung cancer is the leading worldwide cause of cancer mortality, as it is often detected at an advanced stage. Since 2011, low-dose CT scan–based screening has promised a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. However, effectiveness of screening has been limited by eligibility only for a high-risk population of heavy smokers and a large number of false positives generated by CT. Biomarkers have tremendous potential to improve early detection of lung cancer by refining lung cancer risk, stratifying positive CT scans, and categorizing intermediate-risk pulmonary nodules. Three biomarker tests (Early CDT-Lung, Nodify XL2, Percepta) have undergone extensive validation and are available to the clinician. The authors discuss these tests, with their clinical applicability and limitations, current ongoing evaluation, and future directions for biomarkers in lung cancer screening and detection.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Detection of Chemotherapy-resistant Pancreatic Cancer Using a Glycan Biomarker, sTRA
Authors: Gao ChongFeng , Wisniewski Luke , Liu Ying , Staal Ben , Beddows Ian , Plenker Dennis , Aldakkak Mohammed , Hall Johnathan , Barnett Daniel , Gouda Mirna Kheir , Allen Peter , Drake Richard , Zureikat Amer , Huang Ying , Evans Douglas , Singhi Aatur , Brand Randall E. , Tuveson David A. , Tsai Susan , Haab Brian B.
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

A subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) is highly resistant to systemic chemotherapy, but no markers are available in clinical settings to identify this subset. We hypothesized that a glycan biomarker for PDACs called sialylated tumor-related antigen (sTRA) could be used for this purpose.

Experimental Design:

We tested for differences between PDACs classified by glycan expression in multiple systems: sets of cell lines, organoids, and isogenic cell lines; primary tumors; and blood plasma from human subjects.

Results:

The sTRA-expressing models tended to have stem-like gene expression and the capacity for mesenchymal differentiation, in contrast to the nonexpressing models. The sTRA cell lines also had significantly increased resistance to seven different chemotherapeutics commonly used against pancreatic cancer. Patients with primary tumors that were positive for a gene expression classifier for sTRA received no statistically significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, in contrast to those negative for the signature. In another cohort, based on direct measurements of sTRA in tissue microarrays, the patients who were high in sTRA again had no statistically significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, a blood plasma test for the sTRA glycan identified the PDACs that showed rapid relapse following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

This research demonstrates that a glycan biomarker could have value to detect chemotherapy-resistant PDAC in clinical settings. This capability could aid in the development of stratified treatment plans and facilitate biomarker-guided trials targeting resistant PDAC.
Cell-Type Transcriptome Atlas of Human Aortic Valves Reveal Cell Heterogeneity and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Involved in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Xu Kang , Xie Shangbo , Huang Yuming , Zhou Tingwen , Liu Ming , Zhu Peng , Wang Chunli , Shi Jiawei , Li Fei , Sellke Frank W. , Dong Nianguo
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Leaflet thickening, fibrosis, and hardening are early pathological features of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). An inadequate understanding of the resident aortic valve cells involved in the pathological process may compromise the development of therapeutic strategies. We aim to construct a pattern of the human aortic valve cell atlas in healthy and CAVD clinical specimens, providing insight into the cellular origins of CAVD and the complex cytopathological differentiation process.

Approach and Results:

We used unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing for the high-throughput evaluation of cell heterogeneity in 34 632 cells isolated from 6 different human aortic valve leaflets. Cellular experiments, in situ localization, and bulk sequencing were performed to verify the differences between normal, healthy valves and those with CAVD. By comparing healthy and CAVD specimens, we identified 14 cell subtypes, including 3 heterogeneous subpopulations of resident valve interstitial cells, 3 types of immune-derived cells, 2 types of valve endothelial cells, and 6 novel valve-derived stromal cells found particularly in CAVD leaflets. Combining additional verification experiments with single-cell transcriptome profiling provided evidence of endothelial to mesenchymal transition involved in lesion thickening of the aortic valve leaflet.

Conclusions:

Our findings deconstructed the aortic valve cell atlas and suggested novel functional interactions among resident cell subpopulations. Our findings may provide insight into future targeted therapies to prevent CAVD.
Effects of Polishing versus Glazing on Dental Ceramic Wear: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Abujalala Mohammed , Özden A. Nehir
Published: October 2020

This study analyzed the wear behavior caused by steatite antagonists to four dental ceramic materials, comparing this between two surface treatments: polishing and glazing. Methods: Thirty flat samples (10 × 8 × 2 mm) were prepared from each of four ceramics: IPS
e. max CAD (IPS), GC Initial LiSi Press (LP), Vita Enamic (VE), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). Subgroups of samples were finished by polishing or glazing or neither (as controls). The samples were subjected to computer-controlled chewing simulation (240,000 cycles of 49 N at 1.6 Hz, with thermocycling
at 5/55 C), with steatite balls as antagonists. The samples and antagonists were visualized before and after the test with a laser abrasion measurement system, a CAD/CAM scanner, and electron microscopy scanning, and the volumes lost from the tested samples and antagonists were analyzed.
Results: For the MZ samples, the polished samples showed significantly less volume loss than the glazed samples (0.0200 mm3 vs. 0.0305 mm3; p =0.0001), whereas there was significantly greater antagonist volume loss (0.0365 mm3 vs. 0.0240 mm3;
p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between the subgroups for IPS, VE, and LP, although antagonist volume losses were non-significantly greater with the glazed samples than with the polished samples. Conclusions: Polishing MZ had adverse effects on the corresponding
antagonist wear. Glazed MZ showed the lowest antagonist wear.
The Use of CT Imaging Technology in Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
Authors: Wu Ying , Huang Guohua , Li Qiufeng , He Jinai
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective is to explore the application of computed X-ray tomography (CT) imaging technology in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and to propose a more effective method for PICC catheterization. Method: In this study, 69 subjects are divided
into the observation group (X-ray and CT) and the control group (X-ray). The guiding effect of CT images on PICC tube placement in complex cases is compared. In this study, CT localization of the superior vena cava–caval-atrial junction (CAJ) is used as the gold standard. The position
relationship of carina-CAJ and carina-PICC catheter tip is measured and analyzed by CT image and chest radiography (CXR) image, providing scientific basis for PICC tip imaging. Results: After this study, the tip of the catheter should be 1/3 of the middle and lower part of the superior
vena cava, about 3 cm above the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, and in the upper part of the diaphragm of the inferior vena cava, so that it cannot enter the right ventricle or the right atrium. The best position of the tip of the catheter is near the junction of the
superior vena cava and the right atrium. The average vertical distance between the tracheal carina and CAJ is 4.79 cm. Conclusion: CT and X-ray examination can effectively determine the location of the tip of PICC catheter in cancer chemotherapy patients, but the clarity of X-ray examination
is missing. It is suggested to adopt CT examination, and further adopt and promote it.