bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibrate Your Confidence in Research Findings: A Tutorial on Improving Research Methods and Practices
Authors: da Silva Frost Aline , Ledgerwood Alison
Published: March 2020

This article provides an accessible tutorial with concrete guidance for how to start improving research methods and practices in your lab. Following recent calls to improve research methods and practices within and beyond the borders of psychological science, resources have proliferated across book chapters, journal articles, and online media. Many researchers are interested in learning more about cutting-edge methods and practices, but are unsure where to begin. In this tutorial, we describe specific tools that help researchers calibrate their confidence in a given set of findings. In Part I, we describe strategies for assessing the likely statistical power of a study, including when and how to conduct different types of power calculations, how to estimate effect sizes, and how to think about power for detecting interactions. In Part II, we provide strategies for assessing the likely Type I error rate of a study, including distinguishing clearly between data-independent (“confirmatory”) and data-dependent (“exploratory”) analyses and thinking carefully about different forms and functions of preregistration.
Holistic Processing of Faces and Words Predicts Reading Accuracy and Speed in Dyslexic Readers
Authors: Brady Nuala , Darmody Kate , Newell Fiona , Cooney Sarah Maeve
Published: March 2020

We compared the performance of dyslexic and typical readers on two perceptual tasks, the Vanderbilt Holistic Face Processing Task and the Holistic Word Processing Task. Both yield a metric of holistic processing that captures the extent to which participants automatically attend to information that is spatially nearby but irrelevant to the task at hand. Our results show, for the first time, that holistic processing of faces is comparable in dyslexic and typical readers but that dyslexic readers show greater holistic processing of words. Remarkably, we show that these metrics predict the performance of dyslexic readers on a standardized reading task, with more holistic processing in both tasks associated with higher accuracy and speed. In contrast, a more holistic style on the words task predicts less accurate reading of both words and pseudowords for typical readers. We discuss how these findings may guide our conceptualization of the visual deficit in dyslexia.
Post-print manuscript: Emotional Intelligence Relates to Emotions, Emotion Dynamics and Emotion Complexity
Authors: MacCann Carolyn , Erbas Yasemin , Dejonckheere Egon , Minbashian Amirali , Kuppens Peter , Fayn Kirill
Published: March 2020

Emotional intelligence (EI) should relate to people’s emotional experiences. We meta-analytically summarise associations of felt affect with ability EI branches (perception, facilitation, understanding and management) and total scores (k = 7 to 14; N = 1,584 to 2,813). We then use experience sampling (N = 122 undergraduates over 5 days, 24 beeps) to test whether EI predicts emotion dynamics and complexity. Meta-analyses show that EI correlates significantly with lower negative affect (NA; ρ = -.21) but not higher positive affect (PA; ρ = .05). PA (but not NA) shows a significantly stronger relationship with emotion management (ρ = .23) versus other EI branches (ρ = -.01 to .07). In the experience sampling study, only management significantly related to higher PA, whereas lower NA was significantly related to total EI, perception, facilitation, and management. After controlling for mean affect: (a) only understanding significantly predicted NA dynamics whereas only management and facilitation significantly predicted PA dynamics; (b) management and facilitation predicted lower PA differentiation (EI was unrelated to NA differentiation); and (c) perception and facilitation predicted greater bipolarity. Results show that EI predicts affect, emotion dynamics and emotion complexity. We discuss the importance of distinguishing between different branches of ability EI.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN ANDALIMAN (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) TERHADAP HISTOLOGIS OVARIUM MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Batubara Melvariani Syari , Sabri Emita , Tanjung Masitta
Published: March 2020

Research the effect of andaliman leaf extract on mice ovaries, volume test material using oral gavage needles as much 0.1 ml / 10 g bb 4 days before and after estrus stage and using RAL non-factorial method consisting of control and treatment group. Treatment consisted of factor test material with dose 2500, 5000, 10000, 20000, 40000 ppm. Chemical content of andaliman leaf extract shown from results study are alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Giving treatment of andaliman leaf extract for 9 days on histological data in the number primary, secondary, De Graff, and atretic follicles experienced fluctuating changes, but statistically did not show a significant difference between treatment and control mice groups, while different results were significantly shown in the number of corpus luteum. Parameters diameter of primary follicles, De Graff, and corpus luteum tended to experience changes that fluctuated, but statistically did not show the difference between the treatment and control mice groups, while the diameter of secondary and atretic follicles showed significantly different results. From the results study, administration of andaliman leaf extract affects histological mice ovaries, because it affects oogenesis and ovulation, but fluctuates, possibly due to crude extract, which has not isolated chemical content.
RANCANG BANGUN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERPADU ANTAR DAERAH BERBASIS PERMAINAN DINAMIS
Authors: Nugraheni AM Ika , Musthofa Muhammad Wakhid
Published: March 2020

Joint waste management between regions that bordered each other can be one alternative solution of the problem of trash in Indonesia. Some areas have conducted cooperation in waste management, such as Sarbagita and Kartamantul. Dynamic game can be an alternative method in joint waste management between the regions. The purpose of this article is to design joint waste management between regions using the dynamic game theory framework approach. A dynamic game is a mathematical model that represents the conflict situation between the interested parties who want to make the best decision (in this case it is the city/district government) of a series of strategies that are possible by considering the existence of the various uncertainties at such situation. The discussion is done by assuming there are three areas of the bordering regoins and making some waste disposal regulations. Furthermore, the mathematical operations and simplification of the form of equation are executed to adapt to the design objectives. The results of the design in this approach are the invention of two mathematical equations describing the characteristics of dynamics waste stock in the adjoining regoins, and the cost to be incurred by each regions in managing its waste stock.
KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN BERBUNGA DI KAWASAN MALESIA
Authors: Huda Muhammad Komarul , Amrul Hanifah Mutia Z. N. , Susilo Ferdinad
Published: March 2020

Tumbuhan berbunga merupakan tumbuhan yang memiliki ciri khas berupa bunga (sering juga disebut sebagai Angiospermae/Magnoliophyta). Tumbuhan berbunga merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang sukses menyebar luas di dunia, diperkirakan mencapai 250.000 jenis. Salah satu penyebaran tumbuhan berbunga yang sukses di dunia, berada di kawasan Malesia, terbukti 70% tumbuhan endemik ada di kawasan ini. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan berbunga di kawasan Malesia tergolong tinggi, karena di pengaruhi oleh flora Asia dan Australia, seperti: Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae, dan Ericaceae.
PENGARUH KESEIMBANGAN FOREMILK DAN HINDMILK DENGAN POLA DEFEKASI BAYI YANG MENDAPATKAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI DESA SUKARENDE
Authors: Paninsari Debora , Nurhayati Latifah
Published: March 2020

Mothers who exclusively breastfed their babies from 2011-2015 tended to increase. However, in breastfeeding there are still many maternal understandings that are lacking about foremilk and hindmilk. Foremilk and hindmilk are related to the duration of the baby breastfeeding, if the baby has not been obtained in a balanced manner can cause problems in the pattern of defecation of infants especially those aged 1-6 months. The purpose of study was to determine the effect of foremilk and hindmilk balance with defecation patterns of infants who received exclusive. The study design was cross sectional, with total sample 30 mothers who had infants aged 1-6 months and exclusively. The results showed the majority (96.7%) frequency of defecation of infants 1-8 times, consistency of soft stool (96.7%) and yellow stool (93.3%). Out of 30 respondents 53.33% of mothers had a balance of foremilk and hindmilk while breastfeeding and 86.66% of infants had normal defecation patterns. Chi-square test results did not influence the balance of foremilk and hindmilk with the pattern of defecation Â with 30 respondents surveyed. This shows that the balance of foremilk and hindmilk has not affected the pattern of infant defecation including frequency, consistency and color of feces.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG IMUNISASI MR PUSKESMAS GLUGUR DARAT KECAMATAN MEDAN TIMUR 2019
Authors: Nurhayati Eva Latifah , Siregar Debi Novita
Published: March 2020

This study aims to find out how people's perceptions about MR immunization, as for the background of this research is because in the community there are many pros and cons in the implementation of MR immunization. This research is quantitative with a case study in Glugur Darat Health Center. The population is the community that has children aged 9 months to 15 years. Determination of the sample with quota sampling. With a total sample of 100 people. Data collection instruments with documentation, questionnaires and direct interviews which are then analyzed using simple linear correlation. From the results of this study indicate the public perception of MR Immunization in the Work Area of the Glugur Darat Health Center the majority of 71% do not understand about MR immunization. And from the results of the chi quare test to analyze the relationship between the perception of the community about MR immunization and the participation of MR immunization, the results obtained p = 0,000. Then there is a relationship between the public perception of MR immunization with the participation of MR immunization. For onshore glugur health centers to provide information to the public about MR immunization by providing counseling to the community, distributing leaflets about MR immunization.
More Necessary than Medical: Reframing the Insurance Argument for Transition-Related Care
Authors: Dietz Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

To qualify for insurance coverage, healthcare must be classified as “medically necessary,” which often excludes transition-related interventions. This access problem raises broader questions about the goals of the healthcare system and the narrow kinds of stories required to access care. Through an examination of gatekeeping and informed consent models of care provision, diagnostic categories related to gender identity, and strategic narratives told to move transgender people into patient categories and render their needs legible to insurance companies, this paper reframes “medical necessity” to extend its selective elasticity and incorporate ideas of well-being into determinations of eligibility for transition-related coverage.
Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM) Repair with Biological Mesh for Secondary Lumbar Hernia
Authors: J Han , J Han , P Wilson
Published: March 2020

This manuscript presents the first case of lumbar hernia repair using a biological mesh. The patient presented
with secondary lumbar hernia after surgery for scoliosis. A laparoscopic approach was performed with
bovine dermal collagen matrix mesh fixed with cyanoacrylate glue. The patient was followed up to 34
months post-surgery with no evidence of recurrence.
INTEGRATION LOGISTICS MECHANISMS OF FUNCTIONING OF THE RAW MATERIALS SECTOR OF THE MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS MARKET
Authors: TARAKANOV M.L. , TOPALOVA I.A. , BUIUKLI – TARAN T.P.
Published: March 2020

Topicality. Actual task of adapting appears to the exciting integration mechanisms in solving the problems of organizing an efficient commodity movement across the scale of markets.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to research the integration mechanisms of increasing commodity movement in the example of the raw materials sector of the milk and dairy products.Research results. In the process of the research the integration mechanisms of functioning of the raw materials sector of the milk and dairy products market are considered. In the process of the research the integrationmechanisms of functioning of the raw materials sector of the milk anddairy products market are considered. At the same time, it’s enough tobe completely happy with the nutrition of the hut, the protection ofthe right minds, and the participation of the other milk producers inthe process of the market.The author’s approach in solving the issue of equal entry of small milk producers into the reproduction process consists in formation of multifunctional cooperatives with a complete reproductive cycle of dairy products commodity movement. Basic components of the approach provide: the creation of large-scale cooperative farms; introduction of own milk processing and production of readymade dairy products; organization of own sales channels.The above listed issues of institutional provision of dairy cooperation demand systematic identification of perspective ways of legal support for the formation of multifunctional cooperatives with a complete reproductive cycle.Conclusion. The conducted research gives grounds to make a generalized conclusion, according to which the introduction of integration mechanisms in the reproductive process in the commodity markets in the first place implies improvement of the institutional support of this process. This necessitates the urgent development and implementation of appropriate legislative and other regulatory acts that will support to improve the performance of markets.
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Harga, dan Promosi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil Honda Brio di Kota Padang
Authors: Magdalena Maria , Sari Nersi Ulan
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the influence of brand image, price and promotion on the decision to purchase a Honda Brio car in the city of Padang. The population in this study were all consumers who bought a Honda Brio car in the city of Padang at the Honda Gajah Motor Padang, totaling 584 people. While the number of samples in this study were 85 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method, namely by taking samples based on certain criteria. Data analysis techniques used to test hypotheses are multiple linear regression, and statistical T test. The results showed that the variable brand image and promotion had a significant effect on the decision to purchase a Honda Brio car in the city of Padang. While the price variable does not significantly influence the decision to purchase a Honda Brio car in the city of Padang.
Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas terhadap Return Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Aminar Sutra , Fajri Ijratul
Published: March 2020

To invest in the capital market, investors must know that in addition to receiving profits, they will also suffer losses. One of the motives of inventors to invest is to get a maximum rate of return with certain risk or obtain a certain rate of return on minimal risk. This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity and profitability on stock returns. The population is a manufacturing company which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 periods. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria and obtained a sample of 34 companies with 170 observations. The data of the financial statement of the companies has been obtained from the official website of IDX. The analytical method used is regression analysis of panel data with the help of application E-Views 8. Panel data regression can be estimated using three models, namely Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). To get the best model, a further test was used, namely the Chow Test and Hausman Test. From the results of the estimation model, it is found that REM is the best model in this study. Furthermore, the results of the study show that liquidity has a positive and not significant effect on stock returns, while profitability has a positive and significant effect on stock returns.
Analisis Pemberian Informasi dan Sosialisasi serta Ukuran Usaha terhadap Pemahaman UMKM Atas Sak Etap di Kota Batam
Authors: Yenty Dian Efri , Yusran Rio Rahmat
Published: March 2020

The phenomenon that exists in preparing financial statements of MSMEs is still experiencing problems. Small and medium enterprises think that it is quite difficult and need to be given training or assistance in preparing financial reports in accordance with the standards. The development of MSMEs in Indonesia is still faced with a variety of problems, causing weak competitiveness of imported products, problems, global crisis, low education, lack of accounting skills, perception that accounting is not important in business, the perception that accounting is too complicated to do there is no separation of personal funds and funds used in business processes. This research is expected that small and medium enterprises understand the preparation of financial reports in accordance with financial accounting standards. The sample in this study was 93 MSME respondents at the Cooperative and UMKM Office. This research method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of his research stating the provision of information and socialization as well as the size of the business had a positive and significant effect on the understanding of SAK-ETAP in the city of Batam.
Unusual Chief Complaint of Patient with History of Vaccination Leading to Unrecognized Human Rabies with Extreme Risk of Saliva Exposure for Medical Personnel-A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sripong Kittisak
Published: March 2020

The aim of this case report is to present an unrecognized case of human rabies with an unusual chief complaint-chest pain-at presentation. The patient had been vaccinated for rabies, presented multiple times at the emergency room, was discharged each time, and was eventually found dead at his house with an unknown cause of death. A post-mortem examination along with a trans-orbital necropsy and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test were performed. The results showed rabies virus in the brain tissue.
Imagens de vínculo e o vínculo das imagens
Authors: Ciquini Fabio , Castro de Alvarenga Clarisse Maria
Published: March 2020

No final de 2018, órgãos de imprensa do mundo todo noticiaram a morte do missionário evangélico norte-americano John Chau que, ao invadir a ilha Sentinela do norte no Oceano Índico, foi morto por habitantes locais que lá residem, segundo antropológos, há cerca de 30 mil anos. Os sentineleses, como são denominados, são uma etnia completamente isolada e protegida pelo governo indiano. Qualquer tipo de contato com outros povos é vetado. O fato novamente jogou a luz midiática para a discussão sobre os denominados povos isolados e a necessidade (ou não) de se estabelecer contato com eles e, em reportagens sobre o fato referido, algumas tribos indígenas do interior do Acre e da Amazônia foram citadas como exemplos de povos originários cujo contato com o homem branco ainda não havia sido realizado.
A Questão da Comunicação
Authors: Marcondes Filho Ciro
Published: March 2020

As discussões sobre Epistemologia da Comunicação, realizadas em diversos espaços, parecem ter uma vitalidade renovada nos estudos da área, seja propondo questões ou delineando respostas para perguntas recorrentes: o que é comunicação? O que nos caracteriza como área? Qual é nosso objeto de estudos? O que nos aproxima e nos separa de outros campos do saber? Pela originalidade das propostas, algumas pesquisadoras e pesquisadores podem ser destacados dentre outros, Lucrécia D´Alessio Ferrara, Ciro Marcondes Filho, José Luiz Braga e Norval Baitello Junior. Neste dossiê, discutem a comunicação para além das mídias, como fenômeno de muitas dimensões e um número proporcional de indagações.  Palavras-chave: Comunicação. Epistemologia. Linguagem.
A comunicação e o outro: reflexões a partir da questão do ser em Heidegger
Authors: Tomaz Tales
Published: March 2020

Este artigo aborda a comunicação e o outro no pensamento do filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger, tomando como referência a fase da ontologia fundamental. A partir de passagens em que aparece o termo Mitteilung, normalmente traduzido como comunicação, o texto discute a vinculação inextricável desse conceito com outros típicos da obra de Heidegger, especialmente Dasein, mundo e compreensão de ser. Nesse exercício, evidencia-se ainda o importante papel da alteridade tanto na compreensão de ser quanto na comunicação, razão pela qual o texto também explora o sentido do outro numa tal conceituação. Com esse pano de fundo, o artigo propõe duas teses básicas, a de que a comunicação é um fenômeno que emerge a partir da compreensão de ser e a de que o outro, em seus múltiplos sentidos, tem primazia no ato comunicativo, que se configura antes de tudo como resposta ao acontecimento da alteridade.Palavras-chave: Comunicação. Outro. Ser. Heidegger
Imaginário, representação e memória da Bahia cacaueira amadiana na telenovela Renascer: terra, diabo e fome
Authors: Junqueira Antonio Hélio
Published: March 2020

O artigo visa identificar, analisar e interpretar o conjunto de relações vinculantes entre imagem, imaginário e memória na produção de sentidos pelos dispositivos teleficcionais brasileiros contemporâneos, a partir da mediação da literatura. Tendo como corpus empírico a telenovela Renascer, de Benedito Ruy Barbosa, a pesquisa persegue o agenciamento e a mobilização, por este autor, dos elementos estruturantes da representação sociocultural do ciclo cacaueiro na obra literária de Jorge Amado, enquanto prenhes de significações e sinalizadores do caráter veritativo da memória (RICOEUR, 1994) e, portanto, capazes de sustentar o real reconhecível e rememorável pelas audiências (AUMONT, 1993). Teórica e metodologicamente, o estudo se apoia na obra de Henri Bergson e na Análise do Discurso.Palavras-Chave: Literatura. Produtos midiáticos. Teleficção seriada. Imaginário e representação. Memória.
A identidade cultural dos sujeitos hipermodernos: uma análise sobre as estratégias de comunicação do Papa Francisco com os seus fiéis no Instagram
Authors: Medrado Andrea , Moreira Pinho Leticia
Published: March 2020

Na hipermodernidade, o tempo reduzido dos sujeitos perante o aumento das demandas cotidianas vem reconfigurando as formas de comunicar. Esse cenário é um desafio para a comunicação da Igreja Católica. Haja vista essas mudanças, visamos esclarecer de que forma os posts no Instagram do Papa Francisco se aproximam do sujeito hipermoderno. Para isso, realizamos uma netnografia, analisando as postagens nos meses de março de 2016 e março de 2018. Como resultado, avaliamos que o sujeito hipermoderno é hiperativo, com identidade cultural fragmentada e envolvido pela racionalidade, o que faz com que o Papa adapte o conteúdo de suas mensagens e utilize técnicas das redes sociais para captar a atenção dos seus fiéis.Palavras-chave: Hipermodernidade. Identidade cultural. Igreja Católica. Instagram. Papa Francisco.
A noção de modulação e os sistemas algorítmicos
Authors: Amadeu da Silveira Sérgio
Published: March 2020

O texto apresenta a noção de modulação. Busca demonstrar que conceitos gerados para a compreensão dos fenômenos da comunicação de massas são inadequados para tratar dos processos comunicacionais nas redes e plataformas digitais. Também expõe a análise de patentes como uma possibilidade de esclarecer a gestão algorítmica das plataformas, a dinâmica e as finalidades dos processos de modulação nas redes de relacionamento on-line e na utilização das tecnologias de informação e comunicação.Palavras-chave: Modulação. Redes digitais. Sistemas algorítmicos. Comunicação algorítmica. Sociedade de controle.
A relevância da arquitetura escolar na adequação da escola tradicional ao contexto dos fluxos
Authors: Gonçalves Luciana Livia , Ferrari Pollyana
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre como os desafios de ensinar em um mundo fluido, volátil e hiperconectado, com necessidades inéditas à aprendizagem da nova geração de alunos, têm influenciado escolas particulares tradicionais de São Paulo a transformarem a sua arquitetura. Para a realização de tal objetivo, elegemos as mudanças empreendidas pelo Colégio São Luís, chamadas de Projeto CSL2020. Após completar 100 anos de funcionamento em uma das principais avenidas da cidade, o São Luís anunciou sua transferência para a região do Ibirapuera, sob a justificativa de construir um novo prédio horizontal, próximo à natureza e com espaços organizados de maneira a superar os modelos lineares de ensino. O artigo faz parte da pesquisa de mestrado que está em curso e que pretende investigar como as escolas particulares tradicionais de São Paulo estão construindo suas narrativas institucionais em torno da urgência, importância e propósito de se transformar.Palavras-chave: Comunicação escolar. Escolas inovadoras. Escola tradicional. Arquitetura escolar.
Traumatismo cervical por arma de fuego en pediatría: apropósito de un caso
Authors: Teme Lichi Claudia , Gómez Natalia , Matsumura Kichiro , Cabral Guido , Jara José
Published: March 2020

Introducción: Las lesiones cervicales por arma de fuego en pediatría tienen baja incidencia, aproximadamente a 5 a 10%, con una mortalidad de 0 a 11%. Objetivo: describir un caso de politraumatismo por arma de fuego, su manejo multidisciplinario y las consecuencias de la imprudencia a la exposición de niños a las mismas. Caso Clínico: paciente de sexo masculino, de 13 años de edad, con traumatismo de cara, cuello y tórax por herida accidental por arma de fuego  (escopeta) con diagnósticos: Trauma Facial: fractura de maxilar superior e inferior; Trauma de cuello: lesión en cuerpo vertebral C4/C7 con perdigones incrustados; Trauma de tórax: contusión pulmonar derecha; Trauma de partes Blandas: con perdigones incrustados en celular subcutáneo. Ingresa al hospital de Trauma en choque hipovolémico presentando casi inmediatamente paro cardiorespiratorio, respondiendo a reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada. TAC de cráneo al ingreso normal; al 8vo día se evidencia esquirla en sistema venoso de la base; TAC de cuello: se evidencia desplazamiento de tráquea y aire peri tráquea; AgioTAC: pseudoaneurisma en carótida interna izquierda. Fibrobroncospcopía: contusiones a nivel de tráquea; EDA: esófago y estómago con erosiones cubiertas por fibrina sin evidencia de fístula o perforación de víscera hueca.  Tratamiento: en Asistencia Mecánica Respiratoria (ARM) por 10 días; inotrópicos por 72 hs, se realiza reparación de arteria carótida interna; colocación de arco de Erich por cirujanos maxilofaciales. Alta a sala de pediatría con buena evolución.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés

Recibido: 25/01/2019 Aceptado: 19/02/2020
A system divided: the state of neurosurgical training in modern-day Vietnam
Authors: Jean Walter C. , Huynh Trong , Pham Tuan A. , Ngo Hung M. , Syed Hasan R. , Felbaum Daniel R.
Published: March 2020

The current report is the first of its kind in describing the neurosurgical training in modern-day Vietnam. Starting with in-depth face-to-face interviews, followed by electronically distributed questionnaires, a detailed picture of the training systems emerged.

Neurosurgical training in Vietnam is multifaceted and dichotomous. The country of nearly 100 million people currently has only one neurosurgery-specific residency program, at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMPHCMC). This program lasts for 3 years, and Westerners might recognize many similarities to programs native to their countries. A similar training program exists in the north, at the Hanoi Medical University, but at this institution, trainees focus on neurosurgery only in the final year of their 3-year training. Neurosurgical training that resembles the program in Hanoi permeates the rest of the country, and the goal for all of the programs is to rapidly produce surgeons who can be dispersed throughout the country to treat patients requiring urgent neurosurgical procedures who are medically unsuitable for transfer to large urban centers and multispecialty hospitals. For the privilege of practicing elective neurosurgery, trainees around the country are required to acquire further training in Ho Chi Minh City or Hanoi or during fellowships abroad.

A clear description of the neurosurgical training systems in Vietnam is hard to achieve, as there exist many diverse pathways and no standard definition of the endpoint for training. Unification and a clearer certification standard will likely help to elevate the standards of training and the state of neurosurgical practice in Vietnam.
Trends in United States neurosurgery residency education and training over the last decade (2009–2019)
Authors: Yaeger Kurt A. , Munich Stephan A. , Byrne Richard W. , Germano Isabelle M.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Postgraduate training in medicine has been under scrutiny in the last 10 years, with a focus on improving residents’ education. The aim of this study was to quantify trends in neurosurgery residency (NSR) training and education over the last 10 years.

METHODS

The authors assessed Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), National Resident Matching Program, and American Board of Neurological Surgeons records and searched PubMed to collate 2009–2019 data. Analyzed trends included residents’ demographic data, programs’ characteristics, graduation and attrition rates, match data, resident case logs, and qualitative educational curriculum changes.

RESULTS

Significant increases in residents’ demographic data (p < 0.05) included the number of female residents (from 12.7% to 17.6%) and the absolute number of residents (from 1112 to 1462). Age (mean 28.8 years), ethnicity, and number of residents per program (mean 13 residents per program) were unchanged. There were 16 new ACGME NSR programs, with currently 115 programs nationwide. The number of applicants per year (324 applicants per year) and the matching rate (mean 64%) remained stable. The mean attrition rate of 2.6% (range 2%–4%) was higher than the mean 2.1% ACGME attrition rate, a rate that decreased from 3% in 2009 to 1.6% in 2019. Education curriculum changes aimed at the standardization of training across the US included residents’ boot camp (2009), the Milestones project (2012), and mandatory 7-year training initiated in 2013. An increase in endovascular, functional, trauma, and spine resident caseload was noted. The number of yearly publications about US NSR education has significantly increased (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

NSR education has received greater attention over the last decade in the US. Standardization of training has been implemented. A steady number of students remain interested in neurosurgery, with an increased number of women entering the field. Attention to wellness, in addition to high-quality education, should be further assessed as a factor to improve the overall NSR training and retention rate.
The impact of African-trained neurosurgeons on sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Karekezi Claire , El Khamlichi Abdeslam , El Ouahabi Abdessamad , El Abbadi Najia , Ahokpossi Semevo Alidegnon , Ahanogbe Kodjo Mensah Hobli , Berete Ibrahima , Bouya Soueilem Mohamed , Coulibaly Oumar , Dao Ibrahim , Djoubairou Ben Ousmanou , Doleagbenou Agbeko Achille Komlan , Egu Komi Prosper , Ekouele Mbaki Hugues Brieux , Kinata-Bambino Sinclair Brice , Habibou Laminou Mahamane , Mousse Adio Nabil , Ngamasata Trésor , Ntalaja Jeff , Onen Justin , Quenum Kisito , Seylan Diawara , Sogoba Youssouf , Servadei Franco , Germano Isabelle M.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents 17% of the world’s land, 14% of the population, and 1% of the gross domestic product. Previous reports have indicated that 81/500 African neurosurgeons (16.2%) worked in SSA—i.e., 1 neurosurgeon per 6 million inhabitants. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to improve neurosurgery availability in SSA. In this study, the authors provide an update by means of the polling of neurosurgeons who trained in North Africa and went back to practice in SSA.

METHODS

Neurosurgeons who had full training at the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Rabat Training Center (RTC) over the past 16 years were polled with an 18-question survey focused on demographics, practice/case types, and operating room equipment availability.

RESULTS

Data collected from all 21 (100%) WFNS RTC graduates showed that all neurosurgeons returned to work to SSA in 12 different countries, 90% working in low-income and 10% in lower-middle-income countries, defined by the World Bank as a Gross National Income per capita of ≤ US$995 and US$996–$3895, respectively. The cumulative population in the geographical areas in which they practice is 267 million, with a total of 102 neurosurgeons reported, resulting in 1 neurosurgeon per 2.62 million inhabitants. Upon return to SSA, WFNS RTC graduates were employed in public/private hospitals (62%), military hospitals (14.3%), academic centers (14.3%), and private practice (9.5%). The majority reported an even split between spine and cranial and between trauma and elective; 71% performed between 50 and more than 100 neurosurgical procedures/year. Equipment available varied across the cohort. A CT scanner was available to 86%, MRI to 38%, surgical microscope to 33%, endoscope to 19.1%, and neuronavigation to 0%. Three (14.3%) neurosurgeons had access to none of the above.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgery availability in SSA has significantly improved over the past decade thanks to the dedication of senior African neurosurgeons, organizations, and volunteers who believed in forming the new neurosurgery generation in the same continent where they practice. Challenges include limited resources and the need to continue expanding efforts in local neurosurgery training and continuing medical education. Focus on affordable and low-maintenance technology is needed.
Interaction of Traditional Musical Cultures and Their Adaptive Potential: Cultural and Pedagogical Aspects
Authors: Bazikov Alexander
Published: March 2020

The author of the article considers the interaction of traditional musical cultures in Russia from a historical perspective and a philosophical point of view. The cultural approach allows us to consider traditional musical culture as a multi­level system, the musical and cultural tradition as part of the system and as a multi­component model. The pedagogical approach allows to justify the feasibility of introducing this issue into the content of the university training of future musicians and teachers in order to understand by them the mechanism of functioning of traditional musical cultures and to use their knowledge in their subsequent professional musical activity. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the possibilities of the musical and cultural tradition as a social and cultural phenomenon and the nature of its interaction with foreign cultures. It is shown that the musical and cultural tradition as a means of consolidating different nationalities is an effective way to unite all peoples not only of Russia, but also beyond its borders.
Practice and Centric Stimulus as a Means of Increasing the Motivation of Future Musicians and Teachers to Project Activities
Authors: Nartova Irina
Published: March 2020

The article reveals the author’s approach to the implementation of project activities in the context of the university music and pedagogical education. The focus is on the problem of forming a positive emotional and value attitude of future musicians and teachers to project activities in the process of information and communication technology training. According to the author, an effective incentive in this regard is the disclosure of individual, personal and social significance of the development of such projects in the form of multimedia educational resources. It is emphasized that one of the most effective methods that stimulate the formation of a positive attitude of students to their creation is the installation on the subsequent use of the developed resources as educational and methodological equipment in professionally oriented disciplines for university training future musicians­teachers, as well as their implementation by students in their professional activities in the field of music education. As an example of the results of the development of such projects, the author describes the content of one of the multimedia educational resources aimed at studying music of the baroque era in the university music and pedagogical education and in the system of general and additional music education.
Information and Communication (Computer) Technologies in the Musical Art of Pop: Pedagogical Aspect
Authors: Moiseev Evgeniy
Published: March 2020

Theincentive to writethis article was the author’s belief that one of the promising directions of further development of the musical art of pop is the introduction of information and communication (computer) technologies in the process of training students in the class of pop vocal. Special attention in the article is paid to the characterization of indicators of professional training of future musicians for working with information (electronic) resources. In the context of the use of electronic educational resources in an information educational environment, the functional actions are listed that are performed by students in mastering such resources. A review of the approaches of researchers to the interpretation of concepts is presented: “pedagogical technology”, “teaching computer technologies”, “music­computer technologies”. The author’s classification of electronic educational resources is given, which is based on the classification developed by S. P. Polozov. The modification proposed in the article is made taking into account the use of such resources in the process of teaching musicians to pop vocals.
Main Ways of Vladislav Sokolov’s Heritage Acquisition in the Choir Conduction Class
Authors: Nikitina Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

The article reveals the creative portrait of the outstanding Russian choir conductor Vladislav Gennadievich Sokolov and defines main approaches of acquisition of the composer’s complicated heritage. It dwells upon a highly emphasized creativeness component of Sokolov’s conducting practice and – consequently – virtuosity and freedom of performing interpretation at the concerts. The article enlights inclusion of Vladislav Sokolov’s composing oeuvre into the conduction classes repertoire. The author insists that adaptations of folk songs is the genre combining composer’s talent and conductor’s experience of V. G. Sokolov. Each of them is unique, but they are united by their vocal comfortable performance and natural voice leading. The article provides pedagogical tasks related to learning of particular works by Sokolov at various stages of choir conduction education. There is a special emphasis on the necessity to form students’ self­control skills and conductor’s perception, vocal and acoustic understanding and muscular feelings. Among the most effective educational methods and techniques there is a teacher’s demonstrative performance, watching and listening to famous choirs followed by analysis, creative tasks related to formation of a few interpretations of one composition. Another abstract of the article is dedicated to methodical heritage left by V. G. Sokolov. It contains the analysis of “Working with the choir” summarizing the master’s long­term practical. The materials of the book are highly important for studying while preparing for vocal, choral and interpretative analysis of compositions learned at conduction classes.
„Bedürfnisse“ – Vorbemerkungen zu einem häufig genutzten Begriff
Authors: Methfessel Barbara , Schöler Hermann
Published: March 2020

Bedürfnisse und ihre Befriedigung scheinen im Leben eines Menschen ebenso basal wie banal zu sein, sichern sie doch das Überleben, die Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit und die soziale Integration. Dessen ungeachtet, ist die Kompetenz zur Reflexion sowohl der Bedürfnisse wie der Bedeutung des Konsums und seiner Bedingungsfaktoren ein wichtiges Ziel der Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung.
Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch Essen und Trinken
Authors: Methfessel Barbara , Guzmán Renán A. Oliva , Lührmann Petra
Published: March 2020

Essen ist nicht nur Voraussetzung für das Überleben, es dient darüber hinaus auch weiterengrundlegenden psychischen und sozialen Bedürfnissen. Die Steuerung von Hunger und Sättigung erfolgt daher sowohl über die Homöostase als auch durch psychische und soziale Faktoren, die ebenso Einfluss auf die cerebrale Steuerung nehmen. Eine Aufgabe der Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung ist, auf der Basis von Wissen über diese Zusammenhänge Essverhalten verstehen, reflektieren und gestalten zu können.
Ein Meer voller Fische – Nachhaltiges Handeln als Ziel in der Ernährungsbildung
Authors: Haustein Aline , Penning Isabelle
Published: March 2020

Nachhaltiges Handeln ist ein bedeutsames Leitziel des 21. Jahrhunderts. Als Bildungsziel wird es in Deutschland meist als übergreifende Bildungsaufgabe definiert, die in die einzelnen Fachdisziplinen zu integrieren ist. Der Beitrag leistet dies für die Ernährungsbildung und konkretisiert die theoretische Konzeption mithilfe eines Planspiels als Beispiel für die didaktisch-methodische Umsetzung.
On the upper semicontinuity of the solution mapping for parametric vector mixed quasivariational inequality
Authors: Kieu Phan Thanh , Dai Le Xuan , Hung Nguyen Van
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we first study a class of parametric generalized vector mixed quasivariational inequality problem of the Minty type in locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces, this problem contains many problems as special cases, such as optimization problems, traffic network problems, Nash equilibrium problems, fixed point problems, variational inequality problems and complementarity problems, economic equibrium problems. Then, we establishe the conditions sufficient for stability properties such as: the upper semicontinuity, closedness, outer-continuity, outer-openness of the solution mapping for parametric generalized vector mixed quasivariational inequality problem of the Minty type. The results of the upper semi-continuity and the closeness of the solution mapping for parametric generalized vector mixed quasivariational inequality problem of the Minty type are improve and extend some of the results given by Lalitha and Bhatia. An example is given to demonstrate our results.The results of the outer continuity and the outer-openness of the solution mapping for the parametric generalized vector mixed quasivariational inequality problem of the Minty type are new. We also give some examples to show the relationship between upper semi-continuity, closedness outer continuity and outer-openness.
EVALUATION OF PRESCRIPTION WITH POLYPHARMACY AMONG GERIATRIC POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sruthimol V  , Aneena Saji Abraham  , Gowtham S  , Priya M  , Ramalakshmi S  , R. Ganesan
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Elderly population are the largest consumers of prescribed drugs and are the most vulnerable groups in our society. Prescribing for older patients presents many unique challenges, particularly with respect to variables such as polypharmacy, altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses.  This study was carried out to evaluate the appropriateness of prescription in geriatric population by using medication appropriateness index

METHOD

This Prospective, observational cross-sectional study was carried out in 100 patients for 6 months at Vijaya Hospital, Vadapalani. The study participants included inpatients of either gender, age greater than 65 years and patients receiving more than 4 medications.  The outpatients, patients with cancer and HIV were excluded from the study. Data was collected in data collection form and each drug in a prescription was analysed and scored by using Medication Appropriateness Index questionnaire (MAI).

 

RESULTS

Out of 1012 drugs prescribed among 100 patients, a total of 912 drugs (90.12%) were considered to be appropriate whereas 100 drugs (9.88%) were considered to be inappropriate. The major category of inappropriate prescribing encountered in our study was ineffective medications (5.03%) for different conditions based on Beers criteria. Prescription analysis of the drug chart indicate,  the drugs with least expensive alternative comprises 1.08% followed by impractical directions (0.69%), drug-disease interactions (0.39%), unnecessary duplications (0.39%) and incorrect  directions (0.19%). The mean MAI score of inappropriate prescribing per drug was 0.02 ± 0.23 and score per patient was 0.22 ± 0. 55.

 

CONCLUSION

The data from the present study shows that 9.88% of drugs prescribed were considered to be inappropriate. A clinical pharmacist can reduce the frequency of inappropriate prescribing by regular medication chart review and thereby reducing polypharmacy
The 110th Anniversary of Academician Alexander Evseevich Braunstein
Authors: Demidkina T. V.
Published: March 2020

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The Chemistry of Life
Authors: Trofimov B. A.
Published: March 2020

Boris Aleksandrovich Trofimov, laureate of the Russian Federation National Award for substantial contribution to the development of new methods fine organic synthesis in order to design innovative drugs and modern materials, including specialpurpose ones, tells us about his discoveries and further research plans.
A Long Road to the Spatial Structure and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Tsetlin V. I.
Published: March 2020

The 2012 Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to Robert Lefkowitz, professor at Duke University Medical Center, and Brian Kobilka, professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, for research into G protein-coupled receptors. The wording research, rather than discovery, elucidation, or identification of something, speaks to the fact that such studies have been under way for nearly 40 years, from almost the zero level to the peaks conquered over the past few years.
Polyreactive Monoclonal Autoantibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: Functional Selection from Phage Display Library and Characterization by Deep Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Lomakin Y. A. , Zakharova M. Yu. , Belogurov A. A. , Bykova N. A. , Dronina M. A. , Tupikin A. E. , Knorre V. D. , Boyko A. N. , Favorov A. V. , Kabilov M. R. , Ponomarenko N. A. , Gabibov A. G.
Published: March 2020

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects young and middle-aged people. It is widely accepted that B lymphocyte activation is required for MS progression. Despite the fact that the exact triggering mechanisms of MS remain enigmatic, one may suggest that MS can be induced by viral or bacterial infection in combination with specific genetic and environmental factors. Using deep sequencing and functional selection methodologies we characterized clones of poly- and cross-reactive antibodies that are capable of simultaneous recognition of viral proteins and autoantigens. The latter, in turn, possibly may trigger MS progression through molecular mimicry. It was identified that two cross-reactive antigens are probably recognized by light or heavy chains individually. According to the high structural homology between selected autoantibodies and a number of various antiviral IgGs, we suggest that a wide range of pathogens, instead of a single virus, be regarded as possible triggers of MS.