bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Modeling to Assess Line Transect Distance Sampling Under a Range of Translocation Scenarios
Authors: Jones Max D. , Smith Lora L. , Richardson Katherine Gentry , DeSha J. Nicole , Castellón Traci , Hipes Dan , Kalfin Alex , Halstead Neal T. , Hunter Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2023

The accuracy of posttranslocation population monitoring methods is critical to assessing long-term success in translocation programs. Translocation can produce unique challenges to monitoring efforts; therefore, it is important to understand the flexibility and robustness of commonly used monitoring methods. In Florida, USA, thousands of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus have been, and continue to be, translocated from development sites to permitted recipient sites. These recipient sites create a broad range of potential monitoring scenarios due to variability in soft-release strategies, habitat conditions, and population demographics. Line transect distance sampling is an effective method for monitoring natural tortoise populations, but it is currently untested for translocated populations. We therefore produced 3,024 individual-based, spatially explicit scenarios of translocated tortoise populations that differed in recipient site and tortoise population properties, based on real-world examples, literature review, and expert opinion. We virtually sampled simulated tortoise populations by using line transect distance sampling methods and built a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the population density for each simulation, which incorporated individual-level covariates (i.e., burrow width and burrow occupancy). Line transect distance sampling was largely appropriate for the conditions that typify gopher tortoise recipient sites, particularly when detection probability on the transect lines was greater than or equal to 0.85. Designing the layout of transects relative to the orientation of soft-release pens, to avoid possible sampling biases that lead to extreme outliers in estimates of tortoise densities, resulted in more accurate population estimates. We also suggest that use of individual-level covariates, applied using a Bayesian framework as demonstrated in our study, may improve the applicability of line transect distance sampling surveys in a variety of contexts and that simulation can be a powerful tool for assessing survey design in complex sampling situations.
De gatos, ratones y caracoles. Continuidad y ruptura de las imágenes cinematográficas de la sociedad colombiana
Authors: Sánchez-Rivera Sonia
Published: December 2023

Este artículo propone un análisis comparativo de las imágenes de la sociedad colombiana configuradas en las películas La estrategia del Caracol (Cabrera, 1993) y Como el gato y el ratón (Triana, 2002). Se parte de la consideración de que las películas son testimonios sociales que revelan zonas inéditas del mundo que configuran (Casetti, 2005). El estudio se centra en el significado político de las cintas y en su resonancia en la construcción de imágenes diversas de la sociedad colombiana, como referente del universo latinoamericano. A partir de una metodología que establece la lectura de las obras, en clave de las teorías del cine (Casetti, 2005), las metáforas conceptuales y visuales (Lakoff & Johnson, 2017) y algunos acercamientos al pensamiento decolonial (Quijano, 2000), se espera mostrar la manera cómo el cine ofrece argumentos, puntos de vista o explicaciones sociales, políticas y simbólicas que intervienen en la creación de imágenes de las sociedades, de sus contextos y de su historia. El análisis de las películas permitirá profundizar en el status político del séptimo arte (Soulez, 2013), su capacidad para comunicar y construir representaciones, así como para poner a circular otras miradas de lo latinoamericano.
The impact of depression and anxiety on pain reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing treatment
Authors: Magalhães Nicole Rodrigues de , Daleaste Vitória Novaes Figueiredo , Gomes Marielle Bernardi , Shinzato Marcia Midori
Published: December 2023

This study analyzed the joint pain of 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), for at least one year, and evaluated by pain intensity numeric scale and by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We compared them with 46 patients without RA matched by age and sex. We also examined the relationships between anxiety and depression and pain intensity, disease activity and physical dysfunction accessed by the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), respectively. Most patients with RA, 93.5%, continued to report joint pain and had higher pain intensity and higher scores in all domains of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) than 58.7% of the 46patients without RA with joint pain. Patients with RA were more likely to have depression defined by HADS≥11 than the controls but the association was non-significant when adjusted for the presence of pain. The median score of anxiety symptoms was significantly higher in patients with RA than in those without RA. There was an association of depression and a positive significant correlation of anxiety symptoms with higher intensity of pain, disease activity and physical dysfunction. There was no difference between patients with RA and depression and without depression on the sensory domain and in the total MPQ score. Otherwise, there was a moderate significant correlation of the levels of anxiety with all pain domains of the MPQ, except the sensory one. In conclusion, pain remains a prevalent symptom in RA patients despite treatment. More studies are necessary to verify if the qualitative assessment of pain could be used to evaluate the influence of anxiety and depression on pain reported by these patients.
In Situ ALD-TEM System to Study Atomic Nucleation Phenomena - Enabled by Ultrathin Large Aspect Ratio Free-Standing Shell Structures
Authors: Burgmann Stephanie , Afif Abdulla , Lid Markus Joakim , Baglo Kjetil , Chaikasetsin Settasit , van Helvoort Antonius T.J. , Prinz Fritz B. , Haugen Bjørn , Torgersen Jan
Published: December 2023

Today, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) sets the limits for achieving nanometer precision of thin, yet almost dense films. However, the initial growth process, determining possible film thinness, is poorly understood. A better understanding can be obtained with the help of in-situ characterization during film growth with high spatial and chemical resolution. Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) would be a suitable and widely available technique to accomplish this objective. However, standard instruments have differing vacuum requirements than those necessary for ALD. During ALD, TEM detectors could be damaged as they are being exposed to corrosive volatile chemical compounds. Here we present a dedicated TEM holder design, where ALD deposition occurs inside a microchip containing a large area cavity surrounded by thin film Al2O3 membranes. These membranes act as windows for TEM characterization while decoupling the ALD process from the TEM environment. The microchip consists of longitudinal large overhang shell structures, themselves made by ALD and etched in an HF vapor etch processes. The set-up, which includes controlled heating, was tailored to ALD requirements, and passed a vacuum-pressure test. Post-mortem inspection of film growth on a silicon sample chip demonstrates the successful formation of an ALD Al2O3 film with 40 nm thickness inside the cavity. These results demonstrate the potential of the system to enable a range of experiments on growth phenomena that may lead to even thinner films and better control of interfaces than previously possible.
Development of Soft Magnetics Fe-B-C-Si Amorphous Alloys with High Magnetization and Sufficient Amorphous-Forming Ability
Authors: Bitoh Teruo , Gohda Shoma
Published: December 2023

The amorphous-forming ability (AFA) and the magnetic properties of the amorphous Fe-B-C-Si soft magnetic alloys have been investigated. Though the ternary Fe-B-C alloys exhibit high magnetization, their AFA is poor, which has prevented their practical application. It was confirmed that the addition of Si to the Fe-B-C alloys significantly improves AFA. Furthermore, it has been found that the composition range of the Fe-B-C-Si alloys with sufficient AFA can be identified by focusing on the enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix) and δ, which is related to the ratio of atomic radius between the constituent elements, of the alloys. The Fe-B-C-Si amorphous alloys that combine the high saturation magnetization of 175−177 A m2/kg with sufficient AFA to produce thick sheets whose thickness of 70 μm or more have been successfully developed by using the relationship between ΔHmix, δ and AFA as a guideline. The Fe-B-C-Si amorphous alloys are expected to be applied to core materials for various magnetic components.
Intelligence Press Brake for Aircraft Skin Bending
Authors: Okada Hideki , Wada Takumi , Oribe Hiroki , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kitahara Katsuyuki , Kitahata Takashi , Hirano Naoya , Azami Shunya
Published: December 2023

LVD Company NV and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, ltd. developed the cutting-edge, high performance CNC press brake [1] for high accuracy/precision bending of approx.10m (L) by 2.5m (W) size aircraft skins. Those skin sheets have complex shapes which include mainly machine milled thickness reduction area called pockets, thickness tapers, cutouts for the windows and doors. Due to those characters, the materials have large thickness variation between less than 2 mm and more than 11 mm in a single skin sheet. Here in this paper, the overview of this intelligence press brake equipment and its forming process are described. The materials with complex shapes described above can be bent accurately including material edges with the features of the press brake which are the synchronized material handling system, 210 numbers of variable punches, the special die suitable for the variable punches, the curvature measurement devices, and an automated bending mechanism with curvature feedback /feedforward. In addition, cardboard-like-filler jigs which are used to make thickness variations flat in a traditional bending process and shims to adjust regional press strokes can be eliminated, which reduce significant process time and product quality without worker’s superior skills. As a result, full automation of accurate bending process of aircraft skins have been achieved.
Numerical Simulation of Jominy End Quench Test Using Coupled Heat Transfer and Phase Transformation Model
Authors: Pohjonen Aarne , Ilmola Joonas , Larkiola Jari
Published: December 2023

Jominy end quench test is a standardized metallurgical experiment for obtaining data on steel hardenability. Construction of numerical simulation of the test provides a way for parameterizing and validation of numerical models using the experimental data. In the current work we present the coupled heat transfer, conduction and phase transformation model, which allows for calculation of phase fractions at different positions at the Jominy test piece, and includes the latent heat released by the phase transformations. Also, the temperature and phase fraction dependence of the thermal conductivity is included in the calculation.
High-Pressure Torsion: From Miniature Earthquake to the Origin of Life
Authors: Edalati Kaveh , Taniguchi Ikuo , Floriano Ricardo , Ducati Luchessi Augusto
Published: December 2023

The high-pressure torsion (HPT) method, which is currently used as a severe plastic deformation process to develop advanced structural and functional materials, was first introduced to the public by Bridgman in 1935 as a tool to investigate the mechanism of deep-seated earthquakes. The HPT method was recently introduced as a new platform to simulate astronomical impacts on a miniature scale. Frequent impacts by small solar system bodies (meteoroids, asteroids and comets) about four billion years ago are considered a possible pathway for the delivery or synthesis of essential biomolecules required for life on the Earth. The application of HPT to glycine amino acid led to new justifications for some astronomical phenomena reported in comets or on the Earth such as the formation of alcohol. The extension of this application also led to the introduction of inorganic-biomolecule composites as new functional materials with good biocompatibility.
Does anaemia increase the risk of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children aged 1-5 years?
Authors: Kumara Jayasekara Mudiyanselage Dinesh , Gamage Manori
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Anaemia is a major problem in children aged 1-5 years. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is defined as inflammation of the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx and is a common cause of admission to paediatric units in Sri Lanka. It is reported that anaemic children have a high risk of developing LRTIs.Objectives: To identify the association between anaemia and increased risk of developing LRTI in children aged 1-5 years presenting to a selected children's hospital in Sri Lanka.Method: A case-control study was conducted in all paediatric medical wards and intensive care units in Sirimavo Bandaranayake Children's Hospital, Peradeniya, from November 2022 to March 2023. Children aged 1-5 years admitted with LRTI were selected as cases. Children aged 1-5 years admitted without features of respiratory tract infection were selected as controls to match the age and sex of the cases. Data were collected from a questionnaire to parents and also from patient records. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: A total of 272 children was included in the study. Anaemia was found in 56.6% of cases and 44.9% of controls. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) levels of the cases and controls were 10.00±0.899 and 10.16±0.8032 respectively. Among cases, there were 57.4% of hypochromic-microcytic peripheral smears. Frequency of anaemia was significantly higher among cases as compared to controls (Odds ratio 1.605; CI: 1.025- 2.590, p-value= 0.045).Conclusions: The frequency of anaemia was significantly higher among cases as compared to controls. Anaemic children were 1.6 times more prone to get LRTI.
Side-by-Side Comparison of Compensation Beads Used in Polychromatic Flow Cytometry
Authors: Bhowmick Debajit , Lowe Sara K , Ratliff Michelle L
Published: December 2023

Compensation or unmixing is essential in analyzing multiparameter flow cytometry data. Errors in data correction, either by compensation or unmixing, can completely change the outcome or mislead the researchers. Owing to limited cell numbers, researchers often use synthetic beads to generate the required single stains for the necessary calculation. In this study, the capacity of synthetic beads to influence data correction is evaluated. Corrected data for human peripheral blood cells were generated using cell-based compensation from the same cells or bead-based compensation to identify differences between the methods. These data suggest that correction with beads on full-spectrum and conventional cytometers does not always follow the basic flow compensation/unmixing expectations and alters the data. Overall, the best approach for bead-based correction for an experiment is to evaluate which beads and fluorochromes are most accurately compensated/unmixed.
Tackling the twin threats of pandemics and climate change: an agenda for action
Authors: Kaseya Jean , Alimi Yewande , Aluso Aggrey , Habtemariam Mahlet K. , Crowell Trevor A. , Ngongo Alain N. , Kebede Yenew , Ndembi Nicaise
Published: December 2023

No abstract available.
Colonic Mucormycosis in Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mathur Akash , Mishra Piyush , Yadav Ankur , Nigam Neha , Ghoshal Uday C.
Published: December 2023

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis, a rare fatal fungal infection in an immunocompromised host, affects mainly the stomach. Colonic mucormycosis is infrequent and is associated with high mortality. Perianal involvement is seen in almost one-third of patients with Crohn’s disease. Perianal Crohn’s disease is a particularly debilitating form of the disease, which requires multidisciplinary care. It may also require profound immunosuppression with biological agents to control disease activity. Opportunistic infections can complicate the disease course in these patients. We present a case of a middle-aged female with perianal Crohn’s disease on adalimumab who developed colonic mucormycosis causing a flare in her disease activity. This patient highlights the need to increase awareness about fungal infections as a cause of disease flare in inflammatory bowel disease.
A Systematic Review on Various Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing
Authors: Rama Krishna Mallu Shiva , Mangalampalli Sudheer
Published: December 2023

Task scheduling in cloud computing involves allocating tasks to virtual machines based on factors such as node availability, processing power, memory, and network connectivity. In task scheduling, we have various scheduling algorithms that are nature-inspired, bio-inspired, and metaheuristic, but we still have latency issues because it is an NP-hard problem. This paper reviews the existing task scheduling algorithms modelled by metaheuristics, nature-inspired algorithms, and machine learning, which address various scheduling parameters like cost, response time, energy consumption, quality of services, execution time, resource utilization, makespan, and throughput, but do not address parameters like trust or fault tolerance. Trust and fault tolerance have an impact on task scheduling; trust is necessary for tasks and assigning responsibility to systems, while fault tolerance ensures that the system can continue to operate even when failures occur. A balance of trust and fault tolerance gives a quality of service and efficient task scheduling; therefore, this paper has analysed parameters like trust and fault tolerance and given research directions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Blockchain Algorithms
Authors: Tiwari Prabhat Kumar , Agarwal Nidhi , Ansari Shabaj , Asif Mohammad
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION: Blockchain technology has gained significant attention across various sectors as a distributed ledger solution. To comprehend its applicability and potential, a comprehensive understanding of blockchain's essential elements, functional traits, and architectural design is imperative. Consensus algorithms play a critical role in ensuring the proper operation and security of blockchain networks. Consensus algorithms play a vital role in maintaining the proper operation of a blockchain network, and their selection is crucial for optimal performance and security.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research is to analyse and compare various consensus algorithms based on their performance and efficiency in mining blocks.
METHODS: To achieve this, an experimental model was developed to measure the number of mined blocks over time for different consensus algorithms.
RESULTS: The results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and scalability of these algorithms. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of consensus algorithm selection and its impact on the overall performance of blockchain systems.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of consensus algorithm selection and its impact on the overall performance of blockchain systems. By enhancing our knowledge of consensus algorithms, this research aims to facilitate the development of more secure and efficient blockchain applications.
Nonreciprocal Elasticity and Nonuniform Thickness of Curved Spokes on
the Top-Loading Ratio, Vertical Stiffness, and Local Stress of Nonpneumatic
Wheels
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Cui Zhiming , Lee Wonhyck , Heo Jeongmu , Park Jihun , Ju Jaehyung
Published: December 2023

The nonreciprocal elastic behavior of flexible spokes is essential for designing
a top-loading condition of nonpneumatic wheels to distribute the vehicle load
throughout the upper circumferential region of a wheel to replicate the loading
mode of their pneumatic counterparts. However, most ad hoc spoke designs had
been conducted without considering the top-loading mechanics. Moreover,
minimizing the stress concentration on the spokes is also significant for
preventing potential failures; however, modification of the geometry to reduce
the local stress on the spokes has not yet been studied. In this work, we
investigate the effect of nonreciprocal elastic behaviors of curved spokes on
the top-loading distribution of nonpneumatic wheels. We also study the geometric
effect of nonuniform curved spokes on reducing the local stress concentration.
Curved beam spokes with greater curvature can contribute to a high top-loading
ratio of nonpneumatic wheels. The nonuniform thickness of curved spokes with the
spoke’s ends and center regions can reduce the local stress level by up to 24%.
Our design method with varying curvature and nonuniformity of the curved spokes
can provide significant design guidelines for nonpneumatic wheels for
determining the top-loading ratio, tuning the vertical stiffness, and minimizing
local stress on the spokes.
Poster (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1969157
Authors: Furlan Julio C. , Wang Di
Published: December 2023

Background

This study examined the effects of concomitant TBI on injury epidemiology, management and outcomes of individuals with traumatic SCI.

Methods

A propensity-score matched cohort study compared a SCI+TBI group (n=1018) with a SCI-only group (n=3687), which were matched on a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, severity and level of SCI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. TBI was defined as a Glasgow coma score of <15 at admission. Both groups were compared regarding injury epidemiology (mechanism, ethnicity, GCS, other injuries), management (mechanical ventilation, traction, Methylprednisone, surgery, time to decompression), and post-SCI outcomes (length of stay [LOS], International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI [ISNCSCI] motor subscore, Functional Independence Measure, discharge destination, spasticity and pain at discharge).

Results

Overall, being white (OR=5.332, p=0.0265) was associated with having TBI, while having other body injuries (OR=0.095, p=0.0065) was associated with the SCI-only group. Odds of dying in a hospital were 2.442 times larger for the TBI+SCI group. The TBI+SCI group had longer acute-care LOS. Both groups had similar rehabilitation LOS. Odds of being discharged to nursing homes/long-term care facilities were 1.949 times higher for TBI+SCI individuals. Concomitant TBI did not influence change in ISNCSCI motor subscore from initial admission to final discharge. Odds of individuals with pain was 1.52 times higher for the TBI+SCI group. Occurrence of spasticity was similar between the groups.

Conclusion

This study highlights discrepancies between the TBI+SCI and SCI-only groups regarding injury epidemiology, survival, discharge disposition, and pain. Both groups experienced similar access to treatment services, motor recovery, and spasticity.

Disclosure

These data were presented in the 2022 Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association, which has a different attendance audience.
Student Competition (Technology Innovation) ID 1972228
Authors: Zhao Nicholas , Zariffa Jose
Published: December 2023

Background

Upper limb rehabilitation after cervical spinal cord injury is vital for regaining independence. Hand function assessments are critical for upper limb rehabilitation, but are unable to accurately reflect performance in the individual’s home environment. Video from wearable cameras (egocentric video), paired with deep learning, can assess hand function during activities of daily living (ADLs) at home. Previous studies have focused on analyzing quantitative aspects of hand usage, but there has yet to be a study that uses deep neural networks to assess the quality of hand usage from egocentric video.

Objective

To train a deep neural network to predict hand function assessment scores from egocentric video.

Methods

The dataset used contained egocentric videos of ADLs performed by 17 participants with AIS grades from A-D in a home simulation laboratory. Tasks were annotated with scores adapted from the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP). The annotated video was then used to train and validate a SlowFast neural network to predict GRASSP scores, using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. Model performance was evaluated by mean absolute error, accuracy, and F1 score. The model was optimized with a hyperparameter sweep.

Results

The top performing model demonstrated a mean absolute error of 0.52±0.19, an accuracy of 0.55±0.14, and F1 score of 0.55±0.16, on an ordinal scale from 1 to 5.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that automated assessment of hand function is possible by applying deep learning to egocentric video. Future work should expand the model to larger datasets with more variability.
Student Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1978805
Authors: Provad Elina , Patel Tanha , Benson Kayla , Chan Katherine , Lee Jae W. , Inness Elizabeth L. , Wolfe Dalton L. , Masani Kei , Musselman Kristin E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Individuals with neurological injury or disease are at increased risk of experiencing falls, highlighting the need for effective balance interventions. A novel system integrating functional electrical stimulation and visual feedback balance training (FES+VFBT) is a promising balance intervention; however, this lab-based system requires a redesign to increase clinical utility.

Objective

To identify possible challenges and solutions to implementing the FES+VFBT system as a balance intervention, from the perspective of end users.

Design/Methods

This qualitative study involved three semi-structured focus group meetings to explore participants’ perspectives on the feasibility and potential challenges of implementing FES+VFBT in neurorehabilitation. Two individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), one individual with stroke, two physiotherapists and one hospital administrator participated. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a deductive-inductive content analysis. The levels of the Social Ecological Model (SEM) were used as themes for the deductive analysis. Categories and codes were detected using an inductive approach.

Results

The themes spanned the four levels of the SEM: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational/training environment and society/policy. Identified categories consisted of possible challenges mapped to the intrapersonal (e.g., lack of knowledge, tolerance of user) and organizational/training environment (e.g., cost, need for space and time, technical challenges) levels. Categories also reflected possible solutions mapped to all SEM levels: intrapersonal (e.g., reading and research), interpersonal (e.g., practicing together), organizational/training environment (e.g., tailoring system parameters, social support), and society/policy (e.g., create guidelines, provide cost options).

Conclusion

The findings will be used to improve the FES+VFBT system design and facilitate implementation of the intervention in neurorehabilitation.
Workshop (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1983439
Authors: Ethans Karen , O’Connell Colleen
Published: December 2023

Objective

Participants of this workshop will be able to identify and recommend multimodal treatment options in managing challenging cases in spasticity management of lower limbs in spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

The complexities of spasticity management will be identified through case-based presentations, including assessment and treatment directed by patient-oriented goals. Facilitated interactive discussion on these cases will engage participants for input, debate and critique. Procedural techniques for neurolysis will be discussed.

Results

Goals of spasticity management in SCI often include both proximal and distal lower limb problems. Therapies include oral medications, chemodenervation with neuromuscular junction blockade with botulinum toxin or neurolysis with phenol, intrathecal baclofen, bracing, and surgery. Many patients require multiple of these therapeutic options during their course of spasticity management.

Discussion

Multimodal therapy as part of the clinician toolbox is essential in tone management. Patient-oriented goals are important guideposts in spasticity management. SCI is a lifespan condition, and often patient goals and health conditions change over the years, requiring different tools to address such longitudinal needs.
Student Competition (Technology Innovation) ID 1984861
Authors: Mirkiani Soroush , Tyreman Neil , O’Sullivan Carly L , Wilson Don , Arefadib Amin , Fox Richard , Troyk Philip , Mushahwar Vivian
Published: December 2023

Backgrounds/Objective

Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is a neuromodulation technique for restoring walking after spinal cord injury. The objective of this study was to fabricate a stretchable ISMS device suitable for pigs, a clinically-relevant animal model.

Methods

Polyimide-insulated microwires (50µm, Pt-Ir, 80%/20%) were used for fabrication of electrodes. Their tips were de-insulated (∼0.15mm2) and sharpened using nanosecond and femtosecond UV lasers. Microcoils were fabricated from 25μm microwires (Pt-Ir, 80%/20%) to add stretchability to the lead wires. Sixteen microelectrode-leads were connected to a custom, wirelessly controlled stimulator using Medtronic extension cables (Model 37081).

The implants were tested in seven domestic pigs and current pulse trains were delivered to various rostro-caudal regions of the lumbar spinal cord (1s, 40Hz, 50µA-300µA) to activate locomotor-related muscle synergies. The kinematics and isometric joint forces of the evoked hindlimb responses were recorded.

Results

Graded joint movements were evoked with increasing stimulus amplitude. Changes in the hip, knee, and ankle joints angles evoked by ISMS at 300µA were 17.9±1˚, 28.1±1˚, and 21.6±2˚, respectively. Isometric joint forces evoked by ISMS at 300µA were 12.21±0.91N, 7.4±0.71N, and 1.7±0.15N for knee extension, hip flexion, and ankle flexion, respectively.

Conclusion

The movements evoked using the developed ISMS implant could generate full ranges of motion in the joints. The graded responses imply a near-physiological recruitment order of motoneurons, which is necessary for achieving long walking distances without muscle fatigue. The results show the capability of the developed ISMS device in generating movements in pigs, and the implants’ potential for future use in humans.
Student Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1985154
Authors: Garcia Juanita , Cowley Kristine
Published: December 2023

Background

Exercising after spinal cord injury (SCI) is necessary to prevent or reduce secondary complications such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, or type II diabetes. The effects of SCI on muscle and autonomic functions determine type, duration, and intensity of exercise capacity. Although SCI exercise guidelines exist, achieving these recommendations requires a comprehensive understanding of how muscle and autonomic function affect a person’s exercise capability. Therefore, we reviewed the effect of SCI level on muscle and sympathetic function during exercise for those living with SCI to better develop strategies to achieve these guidelines.

Methods

A literature review of exercise, muscle control and SCI was performed to identify muscles innervated by each level and how key sympathetic tissues and organs required for exercise are affected by SCI. We identified spinal levels responsible for increasing heart rate, cardiovascular smooth muscle contraction, inducing sweat and activating adrenal glands since these are essential in maintaining high intensity and long duration exercise. We translated the information into a comprehensive user-friendly poster.

Results

A comprehensive graphical poster was developed for those living with SCI to understand and identify how their level of SCI affects their muscle and sympathetic function needed for optimal exercise and to meet exercise guidelines.

Conclusions

This infographic fills a void since this type of ‘person-centred’ information is lacking in the SCI and exercise field. The knowledge acquired through this infographic could further guide training practices and exercise modifications to increase exercise capacity and quality of life for those living with SCI.
Student Competition (Technology Innovation) ID 1985155
Authors: Arefadib Amin , Faridi Pouria , Mirkiani Soroush , Dalrymple Ashley , Mushahwar Vivian K
Published: December 2023

Background

ISMS entails implanting micro-electrodes into the spinal cord to produce synergistic activations of the legs. To date, ISMS has produced in-place stepping in cats with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) (Saigal et al, 2004), and long distances of over ground walking in anesthetized cats (Holinski et al, 2016).

Objective

The goal of this project is to develop an intervention for restoring overground walking capacity for persons experiencing paralysis due to SCI, by investigating the potential of ISMS to enable long-distance overground walking in cats with chronic SCI.

Method

Experiments will be performed in eight adult cats with chronic complete SCI. The control strategy will include timed transitions between different phases of the step cycle, which will be modified using feedback from force plates and gyroscopes. The biomechanics of walking (speed of walking, stride length, left-right symmetry, inter-joint coordination) and muscle activation patterns will be recorded and analyzed. The stride-to-stride regularity of walking, amount of weight-bearing, and level of spasticity before, during, and after ISMS will be assessed.

Results

We expect that ISMS will produce long distances of walking (>500 m) in cats with SCI. The biomechanical features of walking will be similar to those in neurologically-intact cats.

Conclusion

This project is a critical step towards demonstrating the viability of ISMS as a means for restoring functional walking after severe SCI. If successful, ISMS and the control strategies developed may in the future change the lives of many people living with SCI, giving them the capability to walk independently.
Student Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1985170
Authors: Mann Darren J. , Porter Jane A. , Okusanya Deborah O. , Lee Justin , Karamzadeh Zahra , Yuan Monique , Barss Trevor S. , Mushahwar Vivian K.
Published: December 2023

Background/Objectives

Functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted arm and leg (A&L) cycling is an effective rehabilitative intervention for improving walking following an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). The goal of this study was to assess the potential benefits of combining transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) with A&L cycling to potentially improve functional mobility and activities of daily living for persons living with motor complete SCI.

Methods

This is a case study of a participant with AIS B SCI. The participant has been undergoing FES-assisted A&L cycling training combined with cervical and lumbar tSCS (1 hr/day, 5 days/week) for 37 weeks. Assessments were performed pre-training and every 6 weeks thereafter and include the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI), time able to stand while assisted, and training load of each exercise session.

Results

Although there were no changes in the ISNCSCI scores, the duration of assisted standing increased from 10s per-training to 33.5s at 36 weeks post-training. Interestingly, the addition of tSCS enhanced standing duration to 38.5s. Moreover, the total power output exerted by the participant consistently increased over time.

Conclusion

This study provides, for the first time, evidence that FES-assisted A&L cycling paired with non-invasive tSCS can be safely completed after severe SCI and leads to improvements in training load and assisted standing. Additional assessments will be incorporated to further identify improvements in function and quality of life. Future work will assess the benefits of using epidural spinal cord stimulation combined with A&L cycling after motor complete SCI.
Workshop (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1985360
Authors: Craven B. Catharine , Kaiser Anita , Jervis-Rademeyer Hope , Murphy Wendy , Boag Lynn , Miyatani Masae , Blencowe Lindsie M.
Published: December 2023

Background

The Paralyzed Veterans of America inaugural Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for Bone Health and Osteoporosis Management for individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) was published for clinicians in 2022. To disseminate knowledge, we developed a series of nine podcasts and handouts, “The Bare Bones Series” (TBBS), linked with each CPG chapter. The intent was to share the CPG content with people with lived experience of SCI/D (PLEX).

Objectives

This workshop will: 1) introduce TBBS and intended use of the CPG framework; and 2) provide participants the opportunity to apply their learning from the podcast episodes “Get Moving and Loading” and “Snap and Crack” through discussion of two case based scenarios.

Methods

The aim, content, intended use and targeted audience for TBBS will be highlighted. TBBS was developed and hosted by two PLEX, project team members, and 11 guests who were the CPG chapter authors. Podcast handouts contain infographics, key concepts and recommendations for action. Attendees including clinicians, PLEX, family and friends, will review 3 of 9 episodes. The panelists (Chair, PLEX and project team) will discuss the CPG content and actions to take to improve bone health and reduce fracture risk in PLEX with SCI/D. TBBS will be shared through social media, stakeholder and community events, and conference presentations across North America.

Conclusions

Workshop attendance will aid participants in advocating for bone health assessments, understanding fracture risk, and promoting a dialogue with their care team about how to prevent fracture, and reduce fracture related morbidity and mortality.
Post Doc Competition (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 1985647
Authors: Tajali Shirin , Iwasa Stephanie N. , Atputharaj Sharmini , Sin Vivian , (Kapadia) Naaz Desai , Musselman Kristin E. , Popovic Milos R. , Masani Kei
Published: December 2023

Background

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of paralyzed muscles can facilitate walking after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective

To test the orthotic effects of different FES walking protocols on lower joint kinematics in individuals with incomplete SCI.

Methods

Three adults with motor incomplete SCI participated in this study. Their lower extremity motor scores [LEMS (left, right)] were as follows: subject A: 25/25, subject B:15/25, subject C:9/23. They were asked to randomly complete four conditions of overground walking in a 4-meter walkway (6-10 times/condition) including no FES, and three bilateral FES walking protocols as follows: drop-foot (tibialis anterior stimulation), flexor withdrawal (common peroneal nerve stimulation), and multi-muscle stimulation (stimulation of quadriceps and gastrocnemius in the stance phase, and hamstring and tibialis anterior in the swing phase). The FES system obtained gait phase information from the two footswitches located under the individuals’ feet. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was undertaken to measure minimum toe clearance (MTC), ankle, and hip range of motion (ROM) using a 100 Hz eight infrared camera (Vicon Motion Systems, Oxford, UK).

Results

The three FES-walking conditions significantly increased MTC compared to the no-FES condition in all participants. A significant decrease in ankle ROM was seen in the drop-foot (all subjects), multi-muscle (subjects A and C), and flexor withdrawal (subject A) stimulations. Hip ROM increased in the drop-foot (subjects B and C), flexor withdrawal (subject B), and multi-muscle (subject C) stimulations.

Conclusions

Three FES-walking protocols induced positive kinematic changes (increased hip flexion and toe clearance) during walking in subjects with incomplete SCI.
Post Doc Competition (Knowledge Generation) ID 1986576
Authors: Ziebart Christina , Jaglal Susan , Craven Cathy
Published: December 2023

Background

Osteoporosis has been identified in individuals as young as 35 years of age post-spinal cord injury (SCI), with males seeming to be at a higher risk than females. However, it is not clear what the prevalence of fractures associated with SCI are in Ontario, Canada.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of fractures in people with a SCI.

Methods

Data will be sourced from administrative healthcare databases at ICES, Ontario. Inclusion criteria are people with SCI and at least one fracture since their SCI. We will exclude duplicate cases, records missing unique patient identifier numbers, and age <18 years. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize sociodemographic and clinical data, disaggregated by gender, age groups, and associated injuries.

Results

We expect that younger adults would be more likely to have traumatic SCI and older adults to have non-traumatic SCI. We expect men to experience more traumatic SCI across all age categories. We expect that younger men will experience a higher incidence of secondary fractures as well as older women. Those with a longer time since initial SCI fracture are likely to experience a secondary fracture.

Conclusion

The proposed study is a foundational study to better understand fractures in people with a SCI. It is known that musculoskeletal complications are common post SCI, and osteoporosis is a common consequence of disuse due to SCI. It is necessary to understand the prevalence and impact of fractures post-SCI of those in Canada to develop prevention and management strategies.
Workshop (Clinical/Best Practice Implementation) ID 2001167
Authors: Duley Jennifer M. , Carmazan Carmen D. , Patton Stephen J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Hamilton’s Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Regional Rehabilitation Program in collaboration with SCI Consortium is implementing tissue integrity monitoring for pressure injury (PI) prevention. An increased prevalence of PI was found in 2021 - 2022 compared to 2020 on Hamilton’s SCI Rehabilitation Unit. To address this finding, the clinical team introduced a staff and patient education program focused on PI prevention. Upon completion of this workshop, the attendees will be aware of the CQI methodology used to implement the best practices related to tissue integrity and appreciate the education pathway for both staff and patients.

Methods

Using a Continuous Quality Improvement model, a systematic approach was used to enhance the education model for staff and patients on skin assessment and appropriate interventions. A process map was created outlining steps for each discipline involved in skin assessment, intervention, and patient education. Education plan included Skin & Wound Management workshop, individual and group patient education, daily skin check calendar for patient/staff use. The workshop will be delivered in a lecture format, ending with discussion time.

Results

Preliminary data post partial implementation of the education program showed a decrease of 12% in the prevalence of PIs in the patients discharged from the program between July 2022 and March 2023 compared to January 2021 – June 2022.

Conclusion

Preliminary results are encouraging in demonstrating that implementation of a comprehensive education plan for staff and patients using a structured framework is effective in reducing the prevalence of pressure injuries in the inpatient SCI rehab unit.
Poster (Health Services, Economics and Policy Change) ID 2001712
Authors: Marks Chris
Published: December 2023

Background/Objectives

Collaborative research with community members has been identified as “one of the best ways to support rapid application of research evidence” by focusing research to the needs of users. As funders and researchers rush to bridge the gap in healthcare delivery, there arises a need to build on integrated knowledge translation (IKT) best practices to support equitable PLEX compensation. This research will help determine the monetary value of PLEX when participating in research.

Methodology

An environmental scan of healthcare funders, institutions and organizations patient partners /lived experience compensation rates in Canada, United States, and select countries from 2010-2023 provided a baseline data set. A systematic scan of published literature and grey literature of this nascent field, PLEX compensation rates was synthesized from this analysis and aligned with the SPOR guidelines. A third party conducted a check of the data abstraction to ensure high data quality.

Results

Early results indicate a wide range of patient compensation rates from $40-200 a session with limited information on SCI-specific compensation.

Conclusion

This research provides a rationale for fair and equitable compensation of PLEX, with a compensation matrix based on the level of engagement.
Enfoque analítico para intérpretes de Volatile para piano solo de Daniel Luzko
Authors: Ortiz Romero Gonzalo Gabriel
Published: December 2023

La interpretación musical pianística de música postonal o contemporánea propone desafíos relacionados con la organización del material composicional cuyo resultado sonoro difiere de las categorías de la música tonal. El análisis se torna necesario para resolver ese problema, pero un análisis que, desde el punto de vista de las prácticas interpretativas, interactúe con la práctica instrumental y la auxilie. Un enfoque analítico para intérpretes es propuesto en este trabajo, en el que las informaciones sobre la obra, tanto contextuales como específicas, serán cruzadas con aspectos propios de las primeras fases de preparación para performance pianística de la pieza Volatile del compositor paraguayo Daniel Luzko.
1LUTSensor: Detecting FPGA Voltage Fluctuations using LookUp Tables
Authors: Jayasinghe Darshana , Udugama Brian , Parameswaran Sri
Published: December 2023

Remote Power Analysis (RPA) attacks use transient voltage fluctuation side channels detected via delay sensors/ on-chip voltage sensors to reveal secret keys from cryptographic circuits. The state-of-the-art research proposed five on-chip voltage sensors for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This paper proposes a novel on-chip voltage sensor, 1LUTSensor, which uses FPGA LookUp Table (LUT) structure to deduce voltage fluctuations. 1LUTSensor uses LUT multiplexers to create a run-time adjustable delay line to detect voltage fluctuations and uses dedicated paths which are fabricated signal connections and cannot be changed in the FPGA LUT to form the delay line. 1LUTSensor uses only a single LUT and a single flip-flop for the delay line to sense voltage fluctuations and uses a single tapped delay element for calibration. The output of the 1LUTSensor is a single bit. Compared to the state-of-the-art on-chip sensors, 1LUTSensor proposed in this paper is the smallest and fastest on-chip voltage sensor proposed thus far. 1LUTSensor is at least 3x smaller than the smallest on-chip sensor proposed in the literature. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed 1LUTSensor can be operated at 600MHz. 1LUTSensor is evaluated using RPA attacks, and a complete secret key of an AES circuit can be extracted within 100,000 traces.