bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the correlation between pericoronary adipose tissue mean attenuation and plaque characteristics and stenosis in coronary CT angiography
Authors: Liu Haolei , Li Dong
Published: February 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a predominant cardiovascular disorder, particularly in the aging population. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves lipid deposition and inflammation of the arterial walls. With coronary computed tomography angiography offering insights into coronary anatomy and pathology, parameters such as pericoronary adipose tissue mean attenuation (PCATMA) have gained significance in the understanding of cardiac diseases. A retrospective study encompassing 130 patients with CAD was conducted to analyze 269 observation points. Coronary CT Angiography was employed, with specific attention paid to the measurement of PCATMA and a qualitative and quantitative assessment of plaques. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 27.0), independent samples t test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There was a notable correlation between PCATMA expression and severity of coronary artery calcification and stenosis. Patients with higher coronary artery calcification scores and more pronounced stenosis had elevated PCATMA values. Variances in PCATMA based on plaque type and degree of stenosis were significant (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that plaque presence, type, and degree of stenosis were independent determinants of PCATMA expression. PCATMA expression is closely associated with CAD progression. As plaque calcification and arterial stenosis increase, there is a concomitant increase in PCATMA expression, potentially serving as a pivotal prognostic indicator.
Mendelian randomization to evaluate the effect of folic acid supplement on the risk of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , He Chao , Yang Shida , Li Weizhuo , Qu Huiling
Published: February 2024

We conducted a study to evaluate the impact of folic acid supplementation on the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis model assessed the causal effects of folic acid supplementation on AD, utilizing data from recent genome-wide association studies. Effect estimates were scrutinized using various methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, weighted mode, simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and the MR-Egger method. The sensitivity analysis assessed heterogeneity and pleiotropy of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the IVW method with Cochran Q statistics and MR Egger intercept, respectively. Additionally, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis determined potential SNP-driven associations. Both fixed-effect and random-effect IVW models in the MR analysis revealed a reduced risk of AD associated with folic acid supplementation (odds ratio, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.903–0.958, P < .001; odds ratio, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.910–0.950, P < .001) based on 7 SNPs as instrumental variables. The reverse MR analysis indicated no causal association between AD and folic acid supplementation. This study, utilizing genetic data, suggests that folic acid supplementation may potentially reduce the risk of AD and provides novel insights into its etiology and preventive measures.
Retrospective study on the effect of Niaoduqing particles on outcome of non-diabetic patients with stage IV chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wei ZhiFeng , Li Qian , Han Xiaoli , Guo Baozhu , Liu Junfen , Jin Yujie , Cheng Jinxiu , Liu Shengjun
Published: February 2024

This study was to investigate the improvement value of Niaoduqing particles in the outcome of non-diabetic patients with stage IV chronic kidney disease (CKD). The non-diabetic patients with stage IV CKD who were to receive Niaoduqing particles were set as the study group (252 cases), and the patients with the same disease who only received Western medicine in the public database were set as the control group (220 cases). The follow-up visits were 3 months/time for 1 year. Deaths due to various causes, doubling of creatinine levels, and end-stage renal disease were used as hard end points to stop follow-up. The clinical indexes of the 2 groups were observed and compared. The results showed that the rate of compound outcome was significantly lower in the study group (28.17%) than in the control group (36.82%), the glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the levels of uric acid and urea were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .05). Niaoduqing particles can reduce creatinine and urea nitrogen, stabilize renal function, delay dialysis time, and improve the incidence of compound outcome in patients with non-diabetic stage IV CKD, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Relationship between pattern reversal visual evoked potential P100 wave latency and dysfunctional HDL in patients with multiple sclerosis subjected to an optic neuritis attack: A case-control study
Authors: Vural Gonul , Gumusyayla Sadiye , Karakoyunlu Eren Funda , Barakli Serdar , Demir Unal Esra , Neselioglu Salim , Erel Ozcan
Published: February 2024

Optic neuritis frequently occurs during the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this condition, demyelination of the optic nerve occurs, which electrophysiologically causes a delay in P100 wave latency. Sensitive cholesterol homeostasis is critical for the formation of the myelin sheath and for myelin to become functionally mature. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) becomes dysfunctional under oxidative stress and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, HDL levels of MS patients suffering from optic neuritis were compared with those of healthy individuals, and the relationship between pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) P100 wave latency and HDL levels in patients with optic neuritis attacks was analyzed. PRVEP studies were performed in patients with MS who had an episode of optic neuritis, and P100 wave latencies were measured. Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy participants and patients. Lipid levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase (PON) activities were measured, and the MPO/PON ratio was then calculated. The lipid profiles and dysfunctional HDL levels in the healthy and patient groups were compared. Finally, the relationship between these parameters and the PRVEP-P100 wave latency was examined. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly higher in the patient group (P = .044; P = .038, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in HDL levels between groups (P = .659). The distribution of MPO values was similar between groups (P = .452). PON values were significantly lower, whereas the MPO/PON ratios were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P = .025; P = .028, respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the elevated MPO/PON ratio, representing dysfunctional HDL, and both the mean and maximum PRVEP-P100 wave latencies (P < .001, R = 0.690; P < .001, R = 0.815, respectively). A dysfunctional form of HDL may lead to poor deactivation of remyelination-limiting factors and may ultimately be associated with poor outcomes in optic neuritis.
Assessing the severity of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects through pulse spectrum analysis
Authors: Liao Chen-Kai , Lin Shun-Ku , Hsiu Hsin
Published: February 2024

AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccine is one of the most common vaccines against COVID-19 used globally. However, adverse reactions post-vaccination have been reported, including severe symptoms and cases of sudden death within several hours. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a database of spectral characteristics of blood pressure waveforms (BPWs) for the AZ vaccine and analyze reactions after vaccine administration using objective physiological signal and symptom analyses for identifying potential differences between heavy and slight groups defined in the study. In total, 24 participants were enrolled in the case-control study. BPW measurements were acquired pre- and post-vaccination. A questionnaire survey on side effects was conducted 5 days after vaccination. The related spectral characteristics of heavy and slight groups were acquired after Fourier transform analysis. Four types of harmonic indexes from BPW signals, including amplitude proportion (C
n
), coefficient of variation of C
n
(CV
n
), phase angle (P
n
), and standard deviation of P
n
(P
n
_SD), were derived. The characteristics of harmonic indexes of arterial BPW for the AZ vaccine were in C6 (P = .011), CV2 (P = .027), P5 (P = .009), and P2_SD (P = .027) on the radial pulse. C5 (P = .037), C8 (P = .007), C9 (P = .037), CV5 (P = .015), CV8 (P = .005), and CV9 (P = .028) were significantly different at posttest between heavy and slight groups. In both pretest or posttest, C8 was almost significantly different between slight and heavy groups. More parameters changed significantly post-vaccination, with more severe side effects. Most average values of posttest/pretest of CV
n
and P
n
_SD in the slight group exceeded 100%. All average values of posttest/pretest of CV
n
and P
n
_SD in the heavy group were smaller than 100%. This approach may enable prediction of the risk of reactions post-vaccination to determine suitability of the AZ vaccine and evaluation of side effect severity in vaccinated individuals using pulse analysis to ensure relevant precautions are taken.
Epiglottic retroversion as a cause of upper airway obstruction: A case report
Authors: Lee Seung Jun , Heo Manbong , Jeong Jong Hwan , Park Ji-Ho , Lee Chang Min , Won Seong Jun , Lee Jong Deog
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Epiglottic retroversion is the abnormal movement of the epiglottis to the rima glottis, resulting in blockage of inspiratory airflow. Acute upper airway obstruction caused by epiglottic retroversion can lead to sudden respiratory failure. Epiglottic retroversion has occasionally been reported in horses and dogs; however it is extremely rare in humans. Herein, we report a case of epiglottic retroversion causing recurrent upper airway obstruction in human.

Patient concerns:

We present the case of a 74-year-old man who was diagnosed with epiglottic retroversion without evidence of epiglottis. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of abnormal breathing sounds and dyspnea. Inspiratory stridor was evident whenever the patient experienced dyspnea.

Diagnosis:

Epiglottic retroversion was diagnosed as the cause of upper airway obstruction using fiber-optic bronchoscopy.

Interventions:

The patient underwent tracheostomy to prevent acute respiratory failure because the recurrent episodes of stridor and dyspnea did not improve.

Outcomes:

The episodic dyspnea and oxygen desaturation did not relapse after tracheostomy and he could be discharged home.

Lessons:

This case highlights the importance of considering epiglottic retroversion as a cause of acute upper airway obstruction.
Invasive pulmonary and central nervous system aspergillosis in a child: A case report and literature review
Authors: Meng Dongmei , Zou Yingxue , Li Jiao , Zhai Jia , Guo Run , Jin Xingnan
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Children with haematological malignancies have a higher risk of developing aggressive pulmonary aspergillosis and a higher mortality rate. The most common site of extrapulmonary aspergillosis in children is the central nervous system (CNS), and the death rate is higher when CNS is affected. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis are essential for reducing mortality.

Patient concerns:

We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by CNS aspergillosis. Aspergillus was confirmed by metagenomic sequencing of pathogenic microorganisms.

Diagnoses:

Invasive pulmonary and central nervous system aspergillosis.

Interventions:

The patient was treated with combined systemic antifungal agents (voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B) and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B.

Outcomes:

The treatment was well tolerated and resulted in remarkable clinical and radiological head improvements.

Lessons:

Invasive aspergillosis has a high mortality rate and requires early diagnosis and treatment. Pathogenic microbial metagenomic sequencing is a convenient method to assist in the early diagnosis of aspergillosis. Voriconazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. When CNS aspergillosis occurs, it can be combined with other systemic antifungal drugs and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B.
Adherence to thyroid therapy and depressive status among patients with hypothyroidism in the northern of Jordan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhemedi Ahlam J. , Qasaimeh Motaz Ghazi , Alzoubia Sajeda , Alhallaq Lamees Saeed , Alzoubi Nariman , AlAzzam Reem , Al-Qaoud Walaa Ibrahim , Naser Abdallah Y.
Published: February 2024

Hypothyroidism is a chronic and progressive medical condition that requires extreme adherence to medication in order to effectively manage the disease. The aim of this study was to examine patients’ adherence to their thyroid therapy and their depressive status and their associated predictors. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted between April and June 2023 using a sample of chronic hypothyroidism patients visiting the Jordan University of Science and Technology Health Center in Irbid, along with the Family Medicine and Endocrine clinic at King Abdullah University Hospital. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 were used to examine patients’ adherence level and mental status. A total of 296 patients were involved in this study. Around 35.5% of the patients found to have high level of adherence. Around 27.4% of the patients demonstrated a low level of adherence. The mean PHQ-2 score for the study sample was 2.00 (SD: 1.7) out of 6. Using a cutoff point of 3, we identified that 29.7% of the patients are at risk of developing major depressive disorder. Patients aged 31 to 50 years and married patients were identified to have higher adherence level compared to other patients (P < .05). This study observed a notable low to moderate level of adherence among patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism in Jordan with regards to their prescribed therapeutic regimen. Furthermore, a significant part of the individuals had a susceptibility to the development of major depressive disorder.
Total arch replacement via single upper hemisternotomy approach for aortic aneurysm in syphilis: Case report
Authors: Xia Lin , Yang Zhonglu , Liu Yu , Ge Yuguang , Wang Lu , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2024

Rationale:

Syphilitic aortic aneurysm is a relatively rare type of cardiovascular syphilis. A small number of patients with syphilitic aortic aneurysms will be accompanied by aortic regurgitation and coronary stenosis. Apart from aortic rupture or dissection, syphilitic aortic aneurysm often causes associated vascular disorders, including left common carotid artery, innominate artery, and celiac artery stenosis or obstruction.

Patient concerns:

In this case, we observed left common carotid artery occlusion based on both ultrasound and intraoperative exploration. For patients with syphilitic aortic aneurysm, the first choice is still sufficient antibiotic therapy. The surgical indications include symptom relief and prevention of aortic rupture or sudden death.

Diagnoses:

Aortic valve insufficiency, aortic aneurysm, and syphilis.

Interventions:

Aortic valve replacement, aneurysmectomy and total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation via single upper hemisternotomy approach.

Outcomes:

The patient did not suffer reventilation and reoperation. No transient or permanent neurological dysfunction was observed in this patient. And no acute renal failure occurred. The patient was discharged on 43 days after the operation.

Lessons subsections:

The upper hemisternotomy has the advantages of faster postoperative recovery, shorter ventilation time, shorter intensive care unit stay, less blood transfusion, and less incisional pain compared with the full sternotomy, which is one of the reasons why we chose this procedure for this patient.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma: Nardostahyos Radix et Rhizoma in epilepsy treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Cheng Guangyu , Wang Xuan , Wang Chaojie , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yiwen
Published: February 2024

Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR) and Nardostahyos Radix et Rhizoma (NRR) are well-known traditional Chinese medicines that have been extensively used for the treatment of epilepsy (EP). However, the precise molecular mechanism of ATR-NRR action remains unclear because of their intricate ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of ATR-NRR in EP treatment using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Herbal medicine and disease gene databases were searched to determine active constituents and shared targets of ATR-NRR and EP. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, while the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment were performed using R programming. An ingredient-target-pathway network map was constructed using the Cytoscape software, incorporating network topology calculations to predict active ingredients and hub targets. The binding abilities of active ingredients and hub targets were examined using molecular docking. Nine qualified compounds and 53 common targets were obtained. The prominent active compounds were kaempferol, acacetin, cryptotanshinone, 8-isopentenyl-kaempferol, naringenin, and eudesmin, while the primary targets were RELA, AKT1, CASP3, MAPK8, JUN, TNF, and TP53. Molecular docking analysis revealed that they have substantial binding abilities. These 53 targets were found to influence EP by manipulating PI3K-Akt, IL-17, TNF, and apoptosis signaling pathways. The findings of this study indicate that ATR-NRR functions against EP by acting upon multiple pathways and targets, offering a basis for future study.
APOC3 siRNA and ASO therapy for dyslipidemia
Authors: Chebli Jasmine , Larouche Miriam , Gaudet Daniel
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review

The aim of this review is to present the clinical indications of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC3) inhibition in the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of lipid disorders and associated risks and to compare the most advanced modalities of apoC3 inhibition currently available or in development, specifically APOC3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA).

Recent findings

ApoC3 inhibition significantly decreases triglyceride levels by mechanisms coupling both lipoprotein lipase (LPL) upregulation and LPL-independent mechanisms. The main apoC3 inhibitors in advanced clinical development are the GalNAc-ASO olezarsen and the GalNAc-siRNA plozasiran. Clinical studies conducted with volanesorsen, the olezarsen precursor, showed a favorable effect on hepatic steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). Olezarsen does not appear to be associated with the main side effects attributed to volanesorsen including thrombocytopenia. Plozasiran is in advanced clinical development and requires subcutaneous injection every 3 months and present to-date an efficacy and safety profile comparable to that of the monthly ASO.

Inhibition of apoC3 is effective across all the spectrum of hypertriglyceridemia, might have a favorable effect on hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) and the effect of apoC3 inhibition on cardiovascular risk is not limited to its effect on plasma triglycerides. APOC3 GalNAc-conjugated ASO and siRNA are both effective in decreasing plasma apoC3 and triglyceride levels.
Trajectories of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and pain interference in the perinatal and postpartum period
Authors: Jessa Jenna , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Dhillon Ashley , Walker Andrew , Noel Melanie , Sedov Ivan , Miller Jillian Vinall
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Chronic pain (pain >3 months) is a growing epidemic. Normal pregnancy may give rise to recurrent and sometimes constant pain for women. Women with worse pain symptoms are more likely to report symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or insomnia during the perinatal period, which may impact labor and delivery outcomes. We examined the relationship between demographic and psychological predictors of pain throughout pregnancy and into the postpartum.

Objectives:

To examine trajectories of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and pain interference during pregnancy and the early postpartum, and associated sociodemographic predictors of trajectory membership.

Methods:

One hundred forty-two pregnant women were assessed at 4 time points for measures of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, pain interference, and symptoms of insomnia, depression, and generalized anxiety. Women completed the first survey before 20 weeks’ gestation and were reassessed every 10 weeks. Surveys were completed on average at 15 weeks', 25 weeks', and 35 weeks' gestation, and at 6-week postpartum. Using latent class mixed models, trajectory analysis was used to determine trajectories of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and pain interference.

Results:

A 1-class pain intensity model, 2-class pain catastrophizing model, and 3-class pain interference model were identified. Adaptive lasso and imputation demonstrated model robustness. Individual associations with trajectories included baseline symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and pain symptomology.

Conclusion:

These findings may help to identify women who are at high risk for experiencing pain symptoms during pregnancy and could aid in developing targeted management strategies to prevent mothers from developing chronic pain during their pregnancy and into the postpartum period.
Resection of the Primary Tumor and Survival in Patients with Single-Site Synchronous Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Propensity-Matched Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Rodriguez-Quintero Jorge Humberto , Jindani Rajika , Kamel Mohamed K , Zhu Roger , Vimolratana Marc , Chudgar Neel P , Stiles Brendon M
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Local therapy for the primary tumor is postulated to remove resistant cancer cells as well as immunosuppressive cells from the tumor microenvironment, potentially improving response to systemic therapy (ST). We sought to determine whether resection of the primary tumor was associated with overall survival (OS) in a multicentric cohort of patients with single-site synchronous oligometastatic non–small cell lung cancer.

STUDY DESIGN:

Using the National Cancer Database (2018 to 2020), we evaluated patients with clinical stage IVA disease who received ST and stratified the cohort based on receipt of surgery for the primary tumor (S). We used multivariable and propensity score-matched analysis to study factors associated with S (logistic regression) and OS (Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier), respectively.

RESULTS:

Among 12,215 patients identified, 2.9% (N = 349) underwent S and 97.1% (N = 11,886) ST (chemotherapy or immunotherapy) without surgery. Patients who underwent S were younger, more often White, had higher income levels, were more likely to have private insurance, and were more often treated at an academic facility. Among those who received S, 22.9% (N = 80) also underwent resection of the distant metastatic site. On multivariable analysis, metastasis to bone, N+ disease, and higher T-stages were independently associated with less S. On Cox regression, S and resection of the metastatic site were associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.80 and hazard ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.88, respectively). After propensity matching, OS was improved in patients undergoing S (median 36.8 vs 20.8 months, log-rank p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Advances in ST for non–small cell lung cancer may change the paradigm of eligibility for surgery. This study demonstrates that surgical resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved OS in selected patients with single-site oligometastatic disease.
A Berlin-sided retrospective of the origins of metabolic control theory
Authors: Rapoport Tom A.
Published: February 2024

Metabolic control theory (MCA) is celebrating its 50th anniversary. The theory introduced quantitative terms that describe the importance of an enzyme for the regulation of the overall flux and of metabolite concentrations. MCA was developed independently by two groups. The Berlin group included Reinhart Heinrich, Tom A. Rapoport and Samuel M. Rapoport, and the Edinburgh group Henrik Kacser and James A. Burns. Here, I provide a brief reminiscence from the perspective of the Berlin group.
Cocaine sensitization in male rats requires activation of estrogen receptors
Authors: Menéndez-Delmestre Raissa , Agosto-Rivera José L. , González-Segarra Amanda J , Segarra Annabell C.
Published: February 2024

Gonadal steroids play a modulatory role in cocaine use disorders, and are responsible for many sex differences observed in the behavioral response to cocaine. In females, it is well established that estradiol enhances the behavioral response to cocaine. In males, we have recently shown that testosterone enhances sensitization to cocaine but its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. The current study investigated the contribution of DHT, a non-aromatizable androgen, and of estradiol, in regulating cocaine-induced sensitization in male rats. Gonadectomized (GDX) male rats treated with estradiol sensitized to repeated cocaine administration, while GDX rats treated with DHT did not, implicating estradiol in cocaine sensitization. Furthermore, intact male rats treated with the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 did not show sensitization to repeated cocaine. This study demonstrates the pivotal role of estradiol in cocaine-induced neuroplasticity and neuroadaptations in the rodent brain.
Rectus Femoris Electromyography Signal Clustering: Data-Driven Management of Crouch Gait in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Davoudi Mehrdad , Salami Firooz , Reisig Robert , Patikas Dimitrios A. , Wolf Sebastian I.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate how electromyography (EMG) cluster analysis of the rectus femoris (RF) could help to better interpret gait analysis in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The retrospective gait data of CP patients were categorized into two groups: initial examination (E1, 881 patients) and subsequent examination (E2, 377 patients). Envelope-formatted EMG data of RF were collected. Using PCA and a combined PSO-K-means algorithm, main clusters were identified. Patients were further classified into crouch, jump, recurvatum, stiff and mild gait for detailed analysis. The clusters (labels) were characterized by a significant peak EMG activity during mid-swing (L1), prolonged EMG activity during stance (L2), and a peak EMG activity during loading response (L3). Notably, L2 contained 76% and 92% of all crouch patients at E1 and E2, respectively. Comparing patients with a crouch gait pattern in L2-E1 and L2-E2, two subgroups emerged: patients with persistent crouch (G1) and patients showing improvement at E2 (G2). The minimum activity of RF during 20-45% of the gait was significantly higher (p= 0.025) in G1 than in G2. A greater chance of improvement from crouch gait might be associated with lower RF activity during the stance phase. Using our findings, we could potentially establish an approach to improve clinical decision-making regarding treatment of patients with CP.
Assessing Population-level Target Product Profiles of Broadly-protective Human Influenza A Vaccines
Authors: Yang Qiqi , Park Sang Woo , Saad-Roy Chadi , Ahmad Isa , Viboud Cécile , Arinaminpathy Nimalan , Grenfell Bryan T.
Published: February 2024

Influenza A has two main clades, with stronger cross-immunity to reinfection within than between clades. Here, we explore the implications of this heterogeneity for proposed cross-protective influenza vaccines that may offer broad, but not universal, protection. While the development goal for the breadth of human influenza A vaccine is to provide cross-clade protection, vaccines in current development stages may provide better protection against target clades than non-target clades. To evaluate vaccine formulation and strategies, we propose a novel perspective: a vaccine population-level target product profile (PTPP). Under this perspective, we use dynamical models to quantify the epidemiological impacts of future influenza A vaccines as a function of their properties. Our results show that the interplay of natural and vaccine-induced immunity could strongly affect seasonal clade dynamics. A broadly protective bivalent vaccine could lower the incidence of both clades and achieve elimination with sufficient vaccination coverage. However, a univalent vaccine at low vaccination rates could permit a resurgence of the non-target clade when the vaccine provides weaker immunity than natural infection. Moreover, as a proxy for pandemic simulation, we analyze the invasion of a variant that evades natural immunity. We find that a future vaccine providing sufficiently broad and long-lived cross-clade protection at a sufficiently high vaccination rate, could prevent pandemic emergence and lower the pandemic burden. This study highlights that as well as effectiveness, breadth and duration should be considered in epidemiologically informed TPPs for future human influenza A vaccines.
A GWAS for grip strength in cohorts of children – advantages of analysing young participants for this trait
Authors: Abbondanza Filippo , Wang Carol A. , Schmitz Judith , Pennell Craig E. , Whitehouse Andrew J.O. , Paracchini Silvia
Published: February 2024

Grip strength (GS) is a proxy measure for muscular strength and a predictor for bone fracture risk among other diseases. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted in large cohorts of adults focusing on scores collected for the dominant hand, therefore increasing the likelihood of confounding effects by environmental factors. Here, we perform the first GWAS meta-analyses on maximal GS with the dominant (GSD) and non-dominant (GSND) hand in two cohorts of children (ALSPAC, N = 5,450; age range = 10.65 – 13.61; Raine Study, N = 1,162, age range: 9.42-12.38 years).

We identified a novel significant association for GSND (rs9546244,LINC02465,p= 3.43e-08)and replicated associations previously reported in adults including with aHOXB3gene marker that shows an eQTL effect. Despite a much smaller sample (∼3%) compared to the UK Biobank we replicated correlation and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses previously reported in this much larger adult cohort. Specifically, we observed genetic correlations with coronary artery disease and a PRS association with the risk of overall fracture. Furthermore, we observed a higher SNP-heritability (24-41%) compared to previous studies (4-24%) in adults. Our results suggest that cohorts of children might be better suited for genetic studies of grip strength, possibly due to the shorter exposure to confounding environmental factors compared to adults.
Bioinformatical enrichment analysis of genes involved in the pathway of endometriosis disease
Authors: Kusum Kusum , Ashish Ashish , Bhushan Ravi , Chaube Radha , Rai Sangeeta , Singh Royana
Published: February 2024

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of uterine (eutopic) endometrial glands and tissues outside the intra-uterine locations, in ectopic regions such as the pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. Approximately 5-10% of reproductive and 20-50% of infertile women are affected by endometriosis. The pathogenesis of endometriosis involves various factors, including hormonal, environmental, genetic, and immune system components, directly or indirectly altering estrogen levels and impacting women’s reproductive health.This study aimed to identify novel and potential biomarkers for endometriosis using mRNA seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from raw gene expression profiles, and their functional analysis was subsequently conducted. A total of 552 DEGs (312 upregulated and 240 downregulated) were identified in samples from women with endometriosis compared to control subjects.Major DEGs, such as C3, PSAP, APP, GNG12, were identified as hub nodes and found to be involved in various functions, including epithelial cell differentiation and development, proteolysis, gland development, muscle fiber development, and response to hormone stimulus. These DEGs may play a direct or indirect role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, serving as potential biomarkers for ectopic endometrium. While this study provides a preliminary insight into the mechanism of endometriosis, further detailed studies are necessary to fully understand its path of action.
Ultrashort large-bandwidth X-ray free-electron laser generation with a dielectric-lined waveguide
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Wang Zhen , Tu Lingjun , Feng Chao , Zhao Zhentang
Published: February 2024

Large-bandwidth pulses produced by cutting-edge X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are of great importance in research fields like material science and biology. In this paper, a new method to generate high-power ultrashort FEL pulses with tunable spectral bandwidth with spectral coherence using a dielectric-lined waveguide without interfering operation of linacs is proposed. By exploiting the passive and dephasingless wakefield at terahertz frequency excited by the beam, stable energy modulation can be achieved in the electron beam and large-bandwidth high-intensity soft X-ray radiation can be generated. Three-dimensional start-to-end simulations have been carried out and the results show that coherent radiation pulses with duration of a few femtoseconds and bandwidths ranging from 1.01% to 2.16% can be achieved by changing the undulator taper profile.
Study on the vertical Bridgman method of melt-grown CsPbBr3 single crystals for nuclear radiation detection
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Huang Chentao , Xia Guotu , Liu Juan , Tian Fang , Zou Jijun , Tang Bin
Published: February 2024

As an excellent representative of all-inorganic perovskite materials, CsPbBr3 has been widely used in high-energy rays or high-energy particles detection for its outstanding high carrier mobility and long diffusion length. The great challenges and opportunities in these fields are crystal growth technology, especially the high-quality and large-sized CsPbBr3 single crystals. In this work, the influences of growth parameters (temperature gradient, growth rate, cooling rate) and thermal stress by the vertical Bridgman method on the quality and performance of CsPbBr3 crystals are systematically studied. The final results show that 10°C cm−1 is the optimized temperature gradient and 0.5 mm h−1 is the suitable growth rate for CsPbBr3 crystal growth. The study also shows that a cooling rate of 10°C h−1 for the general temperature interval and 1°C h−1 for the phase transition temperature interval is helpful to balance crystal growth efficiency as well as crystal quality. Crystal cracks caused by thermal stress as well as crystal adhesion on the ampoule can be effectively solved by depositing a uniform carbon film on the ampoule in advance. The optical, electrical and detection performance are also investigated. The optical characterization in the wavelength region ranging from ultraviolet to infrared indicates the crystal has a low density of deep-level defects and good crystal quality. The resistivity over 109 Ω cm and μτ of electrons over 10−2 cm−2 V−1 proves that the electrical performance of the crystal has met the basic requirement for nuclear radiation detection. The metal–semiconductor–metal structure Ti/Ni/CsPbBr3/Ni/Ti detector fabricated from the optimized CsPbBr3 single crystal has an energy resolution of 12.85% (137Cs, 662 keV). The purpose of this work is to provide a useful guide and reference for the future exploration of repeatable and improvable CsPbBr3 crystal growth technology.
Barriers to risk management in small construction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors: Lebunu Hewage Udara Willhelm Abeydeera , Wadu Mesthrige Jayantha , Too Eric G.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study explores the current status of risk management (RM) in Sri Lanka and the obstacles in implementing RM in Sri Lankan small construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research study adopted a quantitative research method. Using a purposeful sampling strategy, 100 construction companies engaged in small construction projects in Sri Lanka were selected and a questionnaire was distributed among top managerial employees of these companies. Employees belonging to 47 companies responded to the survey which provided information relating to 812 construction projects. The collected data were analyzed using the RM implementation index (RMII) and other quantitative measures such as mean, median and percentages.

Findings

The research findings indicated that RM incorporation was at a lower degree in small construction projects in Sri Lanka. The findings further indicated that RM incorporation was relatively high in the public construction projects compared to the private construction projects. The main obstacles identified through the survey for RM implementation were: “lack of funding”, “lack of time”, “low profit margin”, “not economical” and “lack of knowledge”.

Research limitations/implications

The study was limited to exploring RM implementation in small construction projects in Sri Lanka. The study was limited to the building construction companies under the 150-million-rupee (approx. below 450,000 USD) financial limit registered with the construction industry development authority in Sri Lanka.

Originality/value

RM in small construction projects in developing countries is a relatively less explored domain. Sri Lankan construction industry is another relatively less explored domain in terms of new management technique implementation such as RM and value management. The quantitative approach used for the study revealed that RM implementation is at a lower degree in the small construction projects. Moreover, several obstacles pertaining to RM implementation were recognized through this study. These findings will be useful for the construction stakeholders to overcome the recognized barriers and effectively use RM in their respective construction projects.
Proactive behaviors matter for my job! The roles of career decidedness and career stress in face of VUCA
Authors: Le Huong , Lee Joohan , Gopalan Neena , Van der Heijden Beatrice
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study examines how proactive skill development (PSD) influences job performance and mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the above relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a sample of 261 full-time workers in three waves, spaced by a six-week interval (Time 1, N = 360; Time 2, N = 320; Time 3, N = 261).

Findings

The results confirmed that career stress mediated the relationship between PSD and job performance. Additionally, high career decidedness strengthened this negative relationship between stress and performance. Furthermore, career decidedness significantly moderated the indirect PSD–performance relationship via career stress, accentuating the indirect effect when decidedness is higher.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on the important role of proactive skills development in influencing job performance and what factors can affect this relationship. It offers practical implications by highlighting how targeted training can boost employees' proactivity and performance.
Neurodiversity and HRM: a practice-based review and research agenda
Authors: Hennekam Sophie , Follmer Kayla
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This article provides an overview of lessons we can learn from human resource (HR) policies and practices related to neurodiversity.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a practice-based review using information obtained from organizations’ websites, summarized the information and reflected on how scholars can continue to advance this area of research based on what is happening in practice.

Findings

The review provided a selective overview of programs and practices per HR cluster: selection and recruitment; onboarding, integration and retention; job design; flexible work options and working remotely; training; employee resource groups (ESGs) and support. The review provides a description of practices and policies implemented within organizations that focus on neurodiversity among employees.

Originality/value

Our review showed that organizations have a multitude of HR practices and policies in place to include neurodivergent individuals in their workforces, though many of these have not been empirically investigated. Sharing this knowledge is important so that research insights and practice can reciprocally influence one another.
Evaluating the employer branding mix model: a study in the Spanish healthcare sector
Authors: Rayón M. Luisa , Romeo Marina , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat , Boria-Reverter Sefa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This research examines the applicability of the Employer Branding (EB) Mix model developed by Rayón et al. (2022), one of the few empirically validated models, to promote organizational commitment within the context of the Spanish healthcare sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was administered to 310 employees of a national company in the Spanish healthcare sector. Several multiple regression models were run between the EB dimensions and those of employees’ organizational commitment.

Findings

The results show that the elements of the EB Mix model have a positive relationship with employee’s commitment, especially affective and value commitment.

Research limitations/implications

The existence of causality cannot be affirmed, in view of the sectional design with a single sample taken from the Spanish private healthcare sector. Additionally, it would be worth extending the analysis of the effect of the EB Mix model on the behavior of potential employees.

Practical implications

This research is extremely relevant, given that it can help organizations in the health sector to implement EB programs. The model is an effective tool for retaining human talent and can generate a competitive advantage for organizations that use it.

Originality/value

The EB Mix model presents a conceptually-based and empirically validated model that incorporates the perception of employees as co-creators of the internal brand, which promotes the democratization of organizations and includes the four Ps of the marketing mix.
Design and extensibility analysis of a variable buoyancy system for small autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Xia Yi , Li Yonglong , Zang Hongbin , Mao Yanpian , Wang Haoran , Li Jialong
Published: February 2024

Purpose

A switching depth controller based on a variable buoyancy system (VBS) is proposed to improve the performance of small autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). First, the requirements of VBS for small AUVs are analyzed. Second, a modular VBS with high extensibility and easy integration is proposed based on the concepts of generality and interchangeability. Subsequently, a depth-switching controller is proposed based on the modular VBS, which combines the best features of the linear active disturbance rejection controller and the nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller.

Design/methodology/approach

The controller design and endurance of tiny AUVs are challenging because of their low environmental adaptation, limited energy resources and nonlinear dynamics. Traditional and single linear controllers cannot solve these problems efficiently. Although the VBS can improve the endurance of AUVs, the current VBS is not extensible for small AUVs in terms of the differences in individuals and operating environments.

Findings

The switching controller’s performance was examined using simulation with water flow and external disturbances, and the controller’s performance was compared in pool experiments. The results show that switching controllers have greater effectiveness, disturbance rejection capability and robustness even in the face of various disturbances.

Practical implications

A high degree of standardization and integration of VBS significantly enhances the performance of small AUVs. This will help expand the market for small AUV applications.

Originality/value

This solution improves the extensibility of the VBS, making it easier to integrate into different models of small AUVs. The device enhances the endurance and maneuverability of the small AUVs by adjusting buoyancy and center of gravity for low-power hovering and pitch angle control.
Do natural resources invite terrorism: evidence from resource-rich region
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The MENA region is very rich in terms of natural resources. At the same time, the MENA region has also been a victim of terrorism during the last few years. This study is an attempt to investigate whether there is any relationship between natural resources and terrorism in the MENA region.

Design/methodology/approach

We have focused on 15 resource-rich countries located in the MENA region for the period 2002–2019. We have applied appropriate econometric techniques and have also controlled for other dominant determinants of terrorism while studying the relationship between these two variables.

Findings

The results provide solid evidence in favor of the hypothesis that natural resources encourage terrorism. We find that natural resources have positively impacted terrorism. Besides, the natural resources, other factors such as per capita GDP, trade openness, political stability, domestic investment and government expenditures have negatively impacted terrorism. Moreover, the findings suggest that FDI and corruption are irrelevant in explaining terrorism while the findings regarding employment level and terrorism are unexpected. The obtained results are robust to alternative estimating methodologies.

Practical implications

The results have serious policy implications for the MENA region. The MENA region in general is suggested to devise appropriate policies regarding their huge natural resources so as to tackle the terrorism problem effectively. Similarly, paying favorable attention to trade liberalization, political stability, government expenditures, investment, rising income of the population in the presence of macroeconomic stability in the form of lower inflation would also help the MENA region to eradicate the problem of terrorism.

Originality/value

The available literature has largely ignored the role of natural resources in explaining the problem of terrorism. Therefore, this study has provided relatively new evidence regarding the determinants of terrorism.