bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean meal as a partial alternative to barley or wheat feed ingredient
Authors: Shanmugam Sureshkumar , Seok Woo Jeong , Ha Seung Ho , Jin Sung Giu , Kim In Ho
Published: February 2022

A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a 28-d trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1, CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; and TRT2, CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased BW, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of finishing pigs throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. Moreover, gas emission of NH3and H2S concentration were significantly reduced. Also, drip loss during days 5 and 7 was significantly decreased in meat quality analysis of pigs fed coated refined fish oil supplemented to a barley-based diet. Furthermore, dietary coated refined fish oil with barley-based diet had significantly increased fatty acid profile of belly meat and reduced belly fat. In summary, the inclusion of coated refined fish oil with barley diet positively impacts on growth performance and nutritional values of meat quality in finishing pigs.
Forage mixed planting can effectively improve soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure and diversity in agro-pastoral interlacing arid zone
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Lifang , Liu Wenjing , Rihu Saiji , Li Juan , Zhang Dejian
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the problems of serious soil desertification and continuous reduction of effective soil nutrients in the agricultural and animal husbandry interlaced arid area in Inner Mongolia, this study used Aohan alfalfa, old awn wheat, and fodder oats at the Siziwang Banner, Ulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There were a total of five treatments, namely, single seeding alfalfa, single seeding old awn wheat, single seeding fodder oats, alfalfa and old awn wheat mixed sowing, and control. The results showed that the urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen content of mixed planting were higher than other treatments. With the advancement of the growth period, the bacteria α-diversity index showed an upward trend; β-diversity analysis showed that planting method was the main factor affecting bacteria diversity and sampling time was the main factor affecting fungi diversity. In summary, mixed planting treatment was more helpful to improve soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and enrich soil microbial diversity, which was of great significance to maintain the balance of soil ecosystem. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the theoretical basis and practical experiences for efficient utilization of microbial resources in the field of soil improvement.
On connection between the collider long-range near-side “ridge” effect at $$|\eta | < 2.4$$ and cosmic-ray coplanarity of most energetic particles
Authors: Mukhamedshin R. A.
Published: February 2022

Some coplanarity of most energetic subcores of$$\gamma $$γ-ray–hadron families is observed in cosmic-ray experiments at$$E_0 \gtrsim 10^{16}$$E0≳1016eV ($$\sqrt{s} \gtrsim 5$$s≳5TeV). This effect requires appearance of some coplanar generation of most energetic particles in hadron-nucleus interactions. On the other hand, a long-range near-side “ridge” effect was observed inppcollisions at$$\sqrt{s} = 7$$s=7TeV by the CMS Collaboration in two-particle$$\varDelta \eta - \varDelta \varphi $$Δη-Δφcorrelation functions at$$|\varDelta \eta | \gtrsim 3$$|Δη|≳3and$$|\varDelta \varphi | \approx 0$$|Δφ|≈0. To improve a research for possible relationship of these phenomena, a phenomenological FANSY 2.0 model is designed to simulate hadron interactions using both traditional and coplanar modes for the hadron generation, QGSJ and CPG, respectively. The FANSY 2.0 reproduces LHC data on generation of unflavoured, strange and charmed hadrons. Model parameters of coplanar hadron generation are given. It is shown that the FANSY 2.0 CPG reproduces the near-side “ridge” effect at$$\sqrt{s} = 7$$s=7TeV.
Dynamical measurements of deviations from Newton’s $$1/r^2$$ law
Authors: Baeza-Ballesteros J. , Donini A. , Nadal-Gisbert S.
Published: February 2022

In Ref. Donini and Marimón (Eur Phys J C 76:696, arXiv:1609.05654, 2016), an experimental setup aiming at the measurement of deviations from the Newtonian $$1/r^2$$

1
/

r
2

distance dependence of gravitational interactions was proposed. The theoretical idea behind this setup was to study the trajectories of a “Satellite” with a mass $$m_\mathrm{S} \sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$$

m
S

∼
O

(

10

-
9

)

g around a “Planet” with mass $$m_\mathrm{P} \in [10^{-7},10^{-5} ]$$

m
P

∈

[

10

-
7

,

10

-
5

]

g, looking for precession of the orbit. The observation of such feature induced by gravitational interactions would be an unambiguous indication of a gravitational potential with terms different from 1/r and, thus, a powerful tool to detect deviations from Newton’s $$1/r^2$$

1
/

r
2

law. In this paper we optimize the proposed setup in order to achieve maximal sensitivity to look for such Beyond-Newtonian corrections. We then study in detail possible background sources that could induce precession and quantify their impact on the achievable sensitivity. We finally conclude that a dynamical measurement of deviations from newtonianity can test Yukawa-like corrections to the 1/r potential with strength as low as $$\alpha \sim 10^{-2}$$

α
∼

10

-
2

for distances as small as $$\lambda \sim 10 \, \upmu $$

λ
∼
10

μ

m.
The Outer-Paired Domination of Graphs
Authors: Lin Chih-Yuan , Liu Jia-Jie , Wang Yue-Li , Chung-Kung Yen William , Hsu Chiun-Chieh
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new variant of domination called the outer-paired domination. For a graph [Formula: see text], an outer-paired dominating set [Formula: see text] is a dominating set of [Formula: see text] such that the induced subgraph of [Formula: see text] contains a perfect matching. The outer-paired domination number of a graph [Formula: see text] is the cardinality of a minimum outer-paired dominating set of [Formula: see text]. We show that finding the outer-paired domination number of a graph [Formula: see text] is NP-hard on bipartite graphs, chordal graphs, and planar graphs. We also propose a linear-time algorithm for solving the outer-paired domination problem on trees.
The Witten index and the spectral shift function
Authors: Carey Alan , Levitina Galina , Potapov Denis , Sukochev Fedor
Published: February 2022

In [Spectral asymmetry and Riemannian geometry. III, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 79 (1976) 71–99] Atiyah, Patodi and Singer introduced spectral flow for elliptic operators on odd-dimensional compact manifolds. They argued that it could be computed from the Fredholm index of an elliptic operator on a manifold of one higher dimension. A general proof of this fact was produced by Robbin–Salamon [The spectral flow and the Maslov index, Bull. London Math. Soc. 27(1) (1995) 1–33, MR 1331677]. In [F. Gesztesy, Y. Latushkin, K. Makarov, F. Sukochev and Y. Tomilov, The index formula and the spectral shift function for relatively trace class perturbations, Adv. Math. 227(1) (2011) 319–420, MR 2782197], a start was made on extending these ideas to operators with some essential spectrum as occurs on non-compact manifolds. The new ingredient introduced there was to exploit scattering theory following the fundamental paper [A. Pushnitski, The spectral flow, the Fredholm index, and the spectral shift function, in Spectral Theory of Differential Operators, American Mathematical Society Translations: Series 2, Vol. 225 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2008), pp. 141–155, MR 2509781]. These results do not apply to differential operators directly, only to pseudo-differential operators on manifolds, due to the restrictive assumption that spectral flow is considered between an operator and its perturbation by a relatively trace-class operator. In this paper, we extend the main results of these earlier papers to spectral flow between an operator and a perturbation satisfying a higher pth Schatten class condition for [Formula: see text], thus allowing differential operators on manifolds of any dimension [Formula: see text]. In fact our main result does not assume any ellipticity or Fredholm properties at all and proves an operator theoretic trace formula motivated by [M.-T. Benameur, A. Carey, J. Phillips, A. Rennie, F. Sukochev and K. Wojciechowski, An analytic approach to spectral flow in von Neumann algebras, in Analysis, Geometry and Topology of Elliptic Operators (World Scientific Publisher, Hackensack, NJ, 2006), pp. 297–352, MR 2246773; A. Carey, H. Grosse and J. Kaad, On a spectral flow formula for the homological index, Adv. Math. 289 (2016) 1106–1156, MR 3439708]. We illustrate our results using Dirac type operators on [Formula: see text] for arbitrary [Formula: see text] (see Sec. 8). In this setting Theorem 6.4 substantially extends Theorem 3.5 of [A. Carey, F. Gesztesy, H. Grosse, G. Levitina, D. Potapov, F. Sukochev and D. Zanin, Trace formulas for a class of non-Fredholm operators: a review, Rev. Math. Phys. 28(10) (2016) 1630002, MR 3572626], where the case d = 1 was treated.
SL(3, ℂ)-character varieties of two-generator groups
Authors: Chen Haimiao
Published: February 2022

We present an efficient method for computing the irreducible [Formula: see text]-character varieties of two-generator groups.
Cluster formation in granular media due to the Coriolis effect
Authors: Hao Yanming , Cai Qingdong
Published: February 2022

A simulation of cluster formation in granular media is conducted under the Coriolis effect. In a situation of a rotary coordinate system with the fixed angular velocity, clusters are generated in granular media in virtue of inelastic collisions and friction between particles. The scale of a cluster is evaluated by the characteristic length, which is defined through the Fourier transform for the particle density function. It is discovered that the characteristic length and the angular velocity of the rotary coordinate system follow two different power laws in two different length scales.
τ-tilting modules over trivial extensions
Authors: Li Zhi-Wei , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: February 2022

We study (support) [Formula: see text]-tilting modules over the trivial extensions of finite-dimensional algebras. More precisely, we construct two classes of (support)[Formula: see text]-tilting modules in terms of the adjoint functors which extend and generalize the results on (support) [Formula: see text]-tilting modules over triangular matrix rings given by Gao-Huang.
EXISTENCE AND STABILITY THEORIES FOR A COUPLED SYSTEM INVOLVING p-LAPLACIAN OPERATOR OF A NONLINEAR ATANGANA–BALEANU FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: AL-SADI WADHAH , WEI ZHOUCHAO , MOROZ IRENE , ABDULLAH TARIQ Q. S.
Published: February 2022

We investigate the appropriate and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a coupled system of Atangana–Baleanu fractional equations with a p-Laplacian operator. We also study the HU-stability of the solution by using the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) derivative. To achieve these goals, we convert the coupled system of Atangana–Baleanu fractional equations into an integral equation form with the help of Green functions. The existence of the solution is proven by using topological degree theory and Banach’s fixed point theorem, with which we analyze the solution’s continuity, equicontinuity and boundedness. Then, we use Arzela–Ascolli theory to ensure that the solution is completely continuous. Uniqueness is established using the Banach contraction principle. We also investigate several adequate conditions for HU-stability and generalized HU-stability of the solution. An illustrative example is presented to verify our results.
Units in some group rings over the ring of p-cyclotomic integers
Authors: Garcia Vitor Araujo , Ferraz Raul Antonio
Published: February 2022

Describing the group of units of a group ring is a classical problem. Let [Formula: see text] be a rational prime number. We set [Formula: see text] a primitive root of unity of order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] the ring of [Formula: see text]-cyclotomic integers, [Formula: see text] a finite abelian [Formula: see text]-group and [Formula: see text] the group of the units [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the augmentation map. We will prove that all the elements of the group [Formula: see text] arise from the units of the group ring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the cyclic group of order [Formula: see text]. As an application, we describe explicitly the group of units of the group ring [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is an elementary abelian [Formula: see text]-group and [Formula: see text] is a regular prime number.
Estimating actual probability of default from structural models
Authors: Zou Lin , Li Weiping
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the probability of default, the credit default swap (CDS) implied probability of default, and the estimated actual probability of default from the structural models. We first show that the conditional risk-neutral probability of default is totally different from the CDS implied probability of default, and the CDS implied probability of default provides biased estimation of a corporation’s actual probability of default. Hence, the common belief that the CDS implied probability of default gives unbiased (or reliable) estimations of the firm’s probability of default is false. Furthermore, we use the credit spread risk premium as the difference of the physical measure and the risk-neutral measure of the credit spread to estimate the actual bond spread, and relate the credit spread risk premium in terms of the market price of risk and the credit spread volatility. Using the credit spread volatility and the risk-neutral credit spread and the market price of risk in hybrid HPD model, we obtain the estimated actual probability of default in a structural model. The estimated actual probability of default would be useful for credit rating agencies, investors, credit risk managers and regulators.
Implications of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management
Authors: Bhasin Shallu , Singari Ranganath M. , Arora Pawan Kumar , Kumar Harish
Published: February 2022

Additive manufacturing is emerging as one of the manufacturing technologies, which affect the traditional supply chain management. The traditional supply chain is based on a push system, whereas an additional supply chain is based on a pull system. In this work we have found the impact of 3D printing on supply chain management, what the risks and opportunities of 3D printing on the supply chain are and, also what the companies are doing to leverages these opportunities and risks. It has been concluded that the additive supply chain has drastically changed the traditional supply chain in four key ways i.e. time, quality, speed, and environmental impact. It will result in the effective management of resources, which is of immense importance, keeping in mind the sustainable development goals of a blue-chip organization. It will be cost-effective and will reduce the lead-time of the supply chain. It will result in increased customer satisfaction, as the product will be produced by mass customization and improved quality. Moreover, this will lead to flexibility in the manufacturing process, which will enhance industrial efficiency. Therefore, we can say that this research will give us the vision of different industries in India in the coming years.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Human CYP3A4 Crystal Structures as a Potential Tool for Molecular Docking-Based Site of Metabolism and Enzyme Inhibition Studies
Authors: Ridhwan Mohamad Jemain Mohamad , Bakar Syahrul Imran Abu , Latip Normala Abd , Ghani Nurunajah Ab , Ismail Nor Hadiani
Published: February 2022

The notable ability of human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to metabolize diverse xenobiotics encourages researchers to explore in-depth the mechanism of enzyme action. Numerous CYP3A4 protein crystal structures have been deposited in protein data bank (PDB) and are majorly used in molecular docking analysis. The quality of the molecular docking results depends on the three-dimensional CYP3A4 protein crystal structures from the PDB. Present review endeavors to provide a brief outline of some technical parameters of CYP3A4 PDB entries as valuable information for molecular docking research. PDB entries between 22 April 2004 and 2 June 2021 were compiled and the active sites were thoroughly observed. The present review identified 76 deposited PDB entries and described basic information that includes CYP3A4 from human genetic, Escherichia coli (E. coli) use for protein expression, crystal structure obtained from X-ray diffraction method, taxonomy ID 9606, Uniprot ID P08684, ligand–protein structure description, co-crystal ligand, protein site deposit and resolution ranges between 1.7[Formula: see text]Å and 2.95[Formula: see text]Å. The observation of protein–ligand interactions showed the various residues on the active site depending on the ligand. The residues Ala305, Ser119, Ala370, Phe304, Phe108, Phe213 and Phe215 have been found to frequently interact with ligands from CYP3A4 PDB. Literature surveys of 17 co-crystal ligands reveal multiple mechanisms that include competitive inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition, mixed-mode inhibition, mechanism-based inhibition, substrate with metabolite, inducer, or combination modes of action. This overview may help researchers choose a trustworthy CYP3A4 protein structure from the PDB database to apply the protein in molecular docking analysis for drug discovery.
A Web Information Extraction Framework with Adaptive and Failure Prediction Feature
Authors: Patnaik Sudhir Kumar , Babu C. Narendra
Published: February 2022

The amount of information available on the internet today requires effective information extraction and processing to offer hyper-personalized user experiences. Inability to extract information by using traditional and machine learning techniques due to dynamic changes in website layout pose significant challenges to the technical community to keep up with such changes. The focus of existing machine learning-based information extraction framework is only on information extraction by using core extraction logic that is susceptible to website changes, thus missing out core features such as ability to handle proactive failure prediction and intelligent information extraction capabilities. The aim of this article is to build a robust and intelligent information extraction framework with the ability not only to proactively predict website failure but also automatically extract information using deep-learning techniques using You Only Look Once and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) networks. The proactive detection using LSTM detects new location of the web page due to layout changes and enables automatic extraction of information of the new web page. A real-world case with retail website for intelligent information extraction and an offline experimentation environment is setup to demonstrate proactive failure prediction and automatic extraction resulting in high failure prediction, precision and recall of object detection and information extraction.
Design Automation Algorithms for the NP-Separate VLSI Design Methodology
Authors: Dewan Monzurul Islam , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: February 2022

The NP-Separate design methodology for
very-large-scale integration (VLSI)
design fine-controls the sizes of transistors, thereby achieving significant power, performance, and area improvement compared to the conventional standard-cell-based design methodology. NP-Separate uses NP cells formed by merging and routing N and P cells having only NFETs and PFETs, respectively. The NP cell formation, however, should be automated to design large circuits using the NP-Separate design methodology. In this paper, we propose design automation algorithms to create NP cells automatically. Simulation results show that the automated NP-Separate reduces the design time significantly, decreases the coupling capacitance by 13%, the critical path delay by 6%, and the power consumption by 10% on average compared to the manual NP-Separate designs. We also propose a detailed placement algorithm to generate more compact VLSI layouts with a little wirelength overhead. The combined effect reduces the coupling capacitance by 10%, the critical path delay by 5%, and the power consumption by 10% on average compared to the manual NP-Separate designs.
NoC Application Mapping Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jagadheesh Samala , Bhanu P. Veda , J. Soumya
Published: February 2022

Application mapping is one of the early stage design processes aimed to improve the performance of Network-on-Chip. Mapping is an NP-hard problem. A massive amount of high-quality supervised data is required to solve the application mapping problem using traditional neural networks. In this article, a reinforcement learning–based neural framework is proposed to learn the heuristics of the application mapping problem. The proposed reinforcement learning–based mapping algorithm (RL-MAP) has actor and critic networks. The actor is a policy network, which provides mapping sequences. The critic network estimates the communication cost of these mapping sequences. The actor network updates the policy distribution in the direction suggested by the critic. The proposed RL-MAP is trained with unsupervised data to predict the permutations of the cores to minimize the overall communication cost. Further, the solutions are improved using the 2-opt local search algorithm. The performance of RL-MAP is compared with a few well-known heuristic algorithms, the Neural Mapping Algorithm (NMA) and message-passing neural network-pointer network-based genetic algorithm (MPN-GA). Results show that the communication cost and runtime of the RL-MAP improved considerably in comparison with the heuristic algorithms. The communication cost of the solutions generated by RL-MAP is nearly equal to MPN-GA and improved by 4.2% over NMA, while consuming less runtime.
Breaking the Design and Security Trade-off of Look-up-table–based Obfuscation
Authors: Kolhe Gaurav , Sheaves Tyler David , D. Sai Manoj P. , Mahmoodi Hamid , Rafatirad Setareh , Sasan Avesta , Homayoun Houman
Published: February 2022

Logic locking and Integrated Circuit (IC) camouflaging are the most prevalent protection schemes that can thwart most hardware security threats. However, the state-of-the-art attacks, including Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and approximation-based attacks, question the efficacy of the existing defense schemes. Recent obfuscation schemes have employed reconfigurable logic to secure designs against various hardware security threats. However, they have focused on specific design elements such as SAT hardness. Despite meeting the focused criterion such as security, obfuscation incurs additional overheads, which are not evaluated in the present works. This work provides an extensive analysis of Look-up-table (LUT)–based obfuscation by exploring several factors such as LUT technology, size, number of LUTs, and replacement strategy as they have a substantial influence on Power-Performance-Area (PPA) and Security (PPA/S) of the design. We show that using large LUT makes LUT-based obfuscation resilient to hardware security threats. However, it also results in enormous design overheads beyond practical limits.

To make the reconfigurable logic obfuscation efficient in terms of design overheads, this work proposes a novel LUT architecture where the security provided by the proposed primitive is superior to that of the traditional LUT-based obfuscation. Moreover, we leverage the security-driven design flow, which uses off-the-shelf industrial EDA tools to mitigate the design overheads further while being non-disruptive to the current industrial physical design flow. We empirically evaluate the security of the LUTs against state-of-the-art obfuscation techniques in terms of design overheads and SAT-attack resiliency. Our findings show that the proposed primitive significantly reduces both area and power by a factor of 8

\( \times \)

and 2

\( \times \)

, respectively, without compromising security.
Perspective—Toward a More Inclusive Electrochemistry Community: Reducing Gender Inequity is a Team Effort
Authors: Harris Kailot C. , Lee Sophie E. , Panetti Grace B.
Published: February 2022

Though in recent years there has been an increase in awareness regarding the gap between cisgender male and female STEM researchers, there exists less understanding of the greater gap between cisgender and transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming individuals. The electrochemistry community is not unique amongst STEM fields in terms of the challenges faced by TBNGNC researchers, but as electrochemists we believe that the field is behind where we hope it could be. Herein, we discuss the challenges faced by TNBGNC individuals, successfully implemented policies to support these individuals, and directions the community can take to continue in this positive direction.
Review—Influencing Factors and Suppressing Strategies of the Self-Discharge for Carbon Electrode Materials in Supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Renlu , Dong Yue , Hou Ruoyang , Zhang Su , Song Huaihe
Published: February 2022

Supercapacitors, with the merits of high-power density, long durability, and remarkable safety, have already been used in the field of fast energy storage and conversion. However, their rapid self-discharge with spontaneous voltage decay results in the fast loss of the stored electric energy, severely limiting their practical application. Carbon materials have been widely used as the electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their large surface area, well-developed porous structure, and low-cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors, and further explore efficient suppressing strategies of the self-discharge behavior of carbon electrodes. In this review, we first introduce the self-discharge mechanisms including charge redistribution, Faradic reaction, and ohm leakage. Then, the key properties of porous structure, surface states, and metal impurities of carbon materials on the self-discharge behavior are discussed. Finally, we summarize some novel suppressing strategies and give perspectives on the future development of supercapacitors. This review provides an insight on the self-discharge of carbon-based supercapacitors, and can help to facilitate their widespread application.
Simple Melatonin Determination Using Disposable and Low-Cost Lab-Made Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Gevaerd Ava , Watanabe Emily Y. , Janegitz Bruno C. , Bergamini Márcio F. , Marcolino-Junior Luiz H.
Published: February 2022

This work describes the preparation and application of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) for direct melatonin (MT) determination in samples of saliva and urine. The low-cost SPE was obtained using a simple and feasible 2D printing methodology and a lab-made conductive ink based on graphite powder and colorless nail polish. The proposed electrode showed similar electrochemical performance compared to a commercial SPE towards melatonin oxidation. Based on electrooxidation of melatonin recorded at +0.62 V an electroanalytical method was developed using the lab-made SPE under square wave voltammetric conditions. Repeatability and reproducibility studies showed that the relative peak current values did not show significant differences between them. Under optimized parameters inherent to the methodology and voltammetric technique, the proposed SPE presented a linear dynamic range (LDR) between 0.25 to 75.0 μmol L−1 (R2 = 0.99), and calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25.8 and 83.3 nmol L−1, respectively, were obtained. The effect of other biologically relevant compounds such as glucose, urea, and estradiol was investigated, and non-significative signal interference was observed. The method proposed was successfully applied to MT determination in spiked samples providing good recovery values between 95.6 to 104%.
Ta-ITO Coated Titanium Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Lædre Sigrid , Mendizabal Lucia , Kongstein Ole Edvard , Oedegaard Anders , Karoliussen Håvard , Seland Frode
Published: February 2022

A novel bi-layer coating composed of a tantalum base layer with an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) top layer was applied to titanium substrates. Samples were polarized ex situ in a parameter study, where the pH, potential and temperature of the electrolyte was altered, as well as the polarization duration. The Interfacial Contact Resistance (ICR) after polarization showed an increase with time for the first 24 h, then stabilized at approx. 30 mΩ cm2. Minor variations were seen in the ICR after polarization at 1.4 VRHE and 2.0 VRHE, but after polarization at 2.5 VRHE and 2.6 VRHE, the ICR increased to 102 mΩ cm2 and 503 mΩ cm2, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the oxygen to metal ratio on the Tantalum- Indium Tin Oxide (Ta-ITO) coated sample surfaces increased with increasing polarization potential. The surfaces of the samples polarized at 2.5 VRHE and 2.6 VRHE showed lower concentrations of oxygen vacancies, an increase in hydroxides and a decrease in metallic character compared to the non-coated and baseline samples. ITO proved to be a promising candidate for use as coating on BiPolar Plates (BPPs) in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWEs).
Rare Earth Elements Partition and Recovery During Electrodialytic Treatment of Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Lima Ana T. , Ottosen Lisbeth M.
Published: February 2022

Rare earth elements (REE) recovery from waste (end-of-line, reusable, recyclable, etc.) should become an essential stream of REE for current demands. Methods to achieve this recovery are then paramount. This study uses the electrodialytic remediation (EDR) as an REE extraction method from coal fly ashes. We used different chemicals to assist REE extraction during EDR: distilled water, 0.01 mol l−1 NaNO3, 0.4 mol l−1 Sodium acetate in 1.0 mol l−1 Acetic acid, and 0.5 mol l−1 Citric acid. Citric acid achieved the highest REE extraction/recovery from the four studied solutions: up to 40%. This represents a total recovery of 148 g REE from 1 ton of coal ashes. The citric acid experiment also proved to be energy efficient, using 70 Wh per 100 g of treated coal ash. The acidic environment provided by the citric acid supplies higher REE migration rates towards the cathode. Once at the cathode compartment, REEs then precipitate at the cathode complexed as Ca- and P-bearing minerals.
Cu Electrochemical Polishing for RDL Process of FOWLP and Effects of Cu Overburden Profiles
Authors: Park Kimoon , Lee Jinhyun , Kim Youjung , Yoon Sanghwa , Yoo Bongyoung
Published: February 2022

Cu electrochemical polishing for planarization in the redistribution layer (RDL) process and the effects of Cu overburden profiles on Cu electrochemical polishing were investigated. Despite the fact that Cu electrochemical polishing is a feasible alternate planarization method, there are issues with obtaining void and bump-free overburden profiles associated with overpolishing for wide trenches. To ensure uniform electrochemical polishing for all width patterns, Cu overburdens were tuned by changing leveler additive concentration, resulting in bumps on the trenches. Uniform Cu overburden polishing was observed at similar overburden areas for all width patterns. The Cu electrochemical polishing results indicated that overburden on trenches and on interlayer dielectrics were important for uniform Cu overburden electrochemical polishing.
Controlling Response of Polyaniline Towards Humidity by Self-Assembly Fatty Acids
Authors: Wang Bin , Jian Yingying , Jiang Xue , Liu Tianqing , Yang Dingyi , Zhao Zhenhuan , Liang Yanping , Feng Huanran , Yao Mingshui , Xie Pengyi , Tang Ning , Haick Hossam , Hu Wenwen , Wu Weiwei
Published: February 2022

Conductive polymers based sensors are potentially a powerful tool for detecting a variety of analytes in gas phase. However, the accuracy and reliability of such sensors are threatened by the humidity interference, which limits their use in demanding applications, e.g., air-quality monitoring and health care. Thus, there is an urgent need to suppress the response of conductive polymers to humidity. In this work, the surface of polyaniline (PANI) was modified by fatty acid to block the proton exchange between water molecules and PANI polymer chains and thus suppress the humidity response towards PANI based gas sensors. The results show that the humidity response suppression effect is depending on the chain length of surface modified alkyl acid. The long chain alkyl acid modified PANI sensors exhibit strong suppression of the humidity sensing response; while the short chain modified PANI sensors have weak suppression of the humidity sensing response. In specific, the Behenic acid modified PANI sensors have a concentration depend water vapor response as low as 0.008%/ppm, which is only 1/5 of the unmodified PANI sensors. This work might be a valuable example of the humid interferon suppression for other chemical sensors.
Strain-Driven Optical, Electronic, and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Halide Perovskite CsGeBr3
Authors: Islam Md. Rasidul , Mojumder Md. Rayid Hasan , Moshwan Raza , Islam A. S. M. Jannatul , Islam M. A. , Rahman Md. Shizer , Kabir Md. Humaun
Published: February 2022

Of late, inorganic perovskite material, especially the lead-free CsGeBr3, has gained considerable interest in the green photovoltaic industry due to its outstanding optoelectronic, thermal, and elastic properties. This work systematically investigated the strain-driven optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of CsGeBr3 through the first-principles density functional theory. The unstrained planar CsGeBr3 compound demonstrates a direct bandgap of 0.686 at its R-point. However, incorporating external biaxial tensile (compressive) strain can be tuned the bandgap lowering (increasing) to this perovskite. Moreover, due to the increase of tensile (compressive) strain, a red-shift (blue-shift) behavior of the absorption-coefficient and dielectric function is found in the photon energy spectrum. Strain-induced mechanical properties also reveal that CsGeBr3 perovskites are mechanically stable and highly malleable material and can be made suitable for photovoltaic applications. The strain-dependent optoelectronic and mechanical behaviors of CsGeBr3 explored here would benefit its future applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaic cells design.
Augmented T-cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Grotle Ann-Katrin , Darling Ashley M. , Saunders Erika F. , Fadel Paul J. , Trott Daniel W. , Greaney Jody L.
Published: February 2022

To our knowledge, we provide the first evidence of augmented T-cell mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (T-cell mitoROS) in young, otherwise healthy adults with MDD. Although the elevated T-cell mitoROS did not correspond to a proinflammatory profile, these findings suggest that elevated T-cell mitoROS may be an early marker of immune system dysregulation in young adults with MDD.
Impact of angiotensin II receptor antagonism on the sex-selective dysregulation of cardiovascular function induced by in utero dexamethasone exposure
Authors: Madhavpeddi L. , Hammond B. , Carbone D. L. , Kang P. , Handa R. J , Hale T. M.
Published: February 2022

Our findings reveal the involvement of angiotensin II on sex-selective cardiovascular function and autonomic changes in adult offspring exposed to dexamethasone during the last 4 days of gestation. We show that angiotensin II receptor blockade reverses the exaggerated pressor and heart rate response to acute restraint stress and the autonomic dysregulation observed in female, but not male, offspring exposed to dexamethasone in utero.
Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between heart and other organs
Authors: Gabisonia Khatia , Khan Mohsin , Recchia Fabio A.
Published: February 2022

In recent years, a wealth of studies has identified various molecular species released by cardiac muscle under physiological and pathological conditions that exert local paracrine and/or remote endocrine effects. Conversely, humoral factors, principally produced by organs such as skeletal muscle, kidney, or adipose tissue, may affect the function and metabolism of normal and diseased hearts. Although this cross communication within cardiac tissue and between the heart and other organs is supported by mounting evidence, research on the role of molecular mediators carried by exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, collectively defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is at an early stage of investigation. Once released in the circulation, EVs can potentially reach any organ where they transfer their cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that exert potent biological effects on recipient cells. Although there are a few cases where such signaling was clearly demonstrated, the results from many other studies can only be tentatively inferred based on indirect evidence obtained by infusing exogenous EVs in experimental animals or by adding them to cell cultures. This area of research is in rapid expansion and most mechanistic interpretations may change in the near future; hence, the present review on the role played by EV-carried mediators in the two-way communication between heart and skeletal muscle, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, liver, adipose tissue, and brain is necessarily limited. Nonetheless, the available data are already unveiling new, intriguing, and ample scenarios in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Current Status and Security Trend of OSINT
Authors: Hwang Yong-Woon , Lee Im-Yeong , Kim Hwankuk , Lee Hyejung , Kim Donghyun
Published: February 2022

Recently, users have used open-source intelligence (OSINT) to gather and obtain information regarding the data of interest. The advantage of using data gathered by OSINT is that security threats arising in cyberspace can be addressed. However, if a user uses data collected by OSINT for malicious purposes, information regarding the target of an attack can be gathered, which may lead to various cybercrimes, such as hacking, malware, and a denial-of-service attack. Therefore, from a cybersecurity point of view, it is important to positively use the data gathered by OSINT in a positive manner. If exploited in a negative manner, it is important to prepare countermeasures that can minimize the damage caused by cybercrimes. In this paper, the current status and security trends of OSINT will be explained. Specifically, we present security threats and cybercrimes that may occur if data gathered by OSINT are exploited by malicious users. Furthermore, to solve this problem, we propose security requirements that can be applied to the OSINT environment. The proposed security requirements are necessary for securely gathering and storing data in the OSINT environment and for securely accessing and using the data collected by OSINT. The goal of the proposed security requirements is to minimize the damage when cybercrimes occur in the OSINT environment.
Wireless Communication Using Embedded Microprocessor-5G Embedded E-Commerce System Oriented to Fruit Ordering, Sales, and Logistics
Authors: Chen Tung-Chun , Liang Yu-Shen , Ko Po-Sheng , Ho Ping-Tsan , Huang Jui-Chan
Published: February 2022

With the birth of the Internet, information and data can flow in both directions, and, after that, it has spread to thousands of households. On this basis, e-commerce was also born, and it took a very short time from the field that no one cared about at the beginning to the hot focus field now. The development of e-commerce has broadened the sales channels of farmers, which has further increased the sales benefits of fruits and other agricultural products, conformed to the development of the times, and further supplemented the sales of fruits and other agricultural products. Based on the use of embedded microprocessors, this paper constructs an e-commerce system integrating sales and logistics. Based on the logistics model in the e-commerce platform, an e-commerce logistics identification model is constructed to measure the e-commerce logistics service level of agricultural products such as fruits. The article analyzes the sales and transportation methods of fruits and other agricultural products. Through a detailed analysis of the traditional e-commerce system, the e-commerce sales system has been optimized and improved by combining the reference cases and the data obtained from the Internet, especially in the aspect of logistics transportation. According to the data experiments in this article, it is shown that, after using the data formula for calculation, the best plan for transporting fruits and other agricultural products can be obtained. In the calculation result of the formula, the cost of delivery without considering customer satisfaction is 586 yuan, and the average delivery time of the vehicle is 5.625 hours, but the average satisfaction is only 78.5%. Compared with customer satisfaction, although the cost is about 15 yuan more and the delivery time is a few minutes longer, the customer satisfaction is about 21% higher than the customer satisfaction without considering the customer. Based on the optimized and transformed e-commerce system, this article will further improve the e-commerce platform for fruits and other agricultural products.
Pattern Recognition of Holographic Image Library Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wu Bo , Zheng Changlong
Published: February 2022

The final loss function in the deep learning neural network is composed of other functions in the network. Due to the existence of a large number of non-linear functions such as activation functions in the network, the entire deep learning model presents the nature of a nonconvex function. As optimizing the nonconvex model is more difficult, the solution of the nonconvex function can only represent the local but not the global. The BP algorithm is an algorithm for updating parameters and is mainly applied to deep neural networks. In this article, we will study the volume holographic image library technology, design the basic optical storage path, realize single-point multistorage in the medium, and multiplex technology with simple structure to increase the information storage capacity of volume holography. We have studied a method to read out the holographic image library with the same diffraction efficiency. The test part of the system is to test the entire facial image pattern recognition system. The reliability and stability of the system have been tested for performance and function. Successful testing is the key to the quality and availability of the system. Therefore, this article first analyzes the rules of deep learning, combines the characteristics of image segmentation algorithms and pattern recognition models, designs the overall flow chart of the pattern recognition system, and then conducts a comprehensive inspection of the test mode to ensure that all important connections in the system pass through high-quality testing is guaranteed. Then in the systematic research of this paper, based on the composite threshold segmentation method of histogram polynomial fitting and the deep learning method of the U-NET model, the actual terahertz image is cut, and the two methods are organically combined to form terahertz. The coaxial hologram reconstructs the image for segmentation and finally completes the test of the system. After evaluation, the performance of the system can meet the needs of practical applications.
A Probe into the Intervention Mechanism of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction on TLR4/NLRP3 Signal Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Rats
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Chen Yifan , Li Yan , Liu Yan , Kong Yurong , Zou Qiao , Guo Zhengguang , Li Xin , Chu Yan , Wang Qian
Published: February 2022

Background. This study discusses the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction (YQHYJD) and studies the intervening effect of YQHYJD on the inflammatory cytokines in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signal pathway. The aim of the probe is to provide evidence to support the identification of therapeutic targets in Chinese medicine treatment, which broadens the alternatives for the treatment of ARDS. Method. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model group is established on rats by tail vein injection. A medicine group is established on ARDS rats by prophylactic administration using YQHYJD. Materials are collected, and tests are conducted according to experimental processes. Result. The rats in the medicine group gained weight compared with those in the ARDS model group. Pathological sections from the medicine group indicated improved condition in terms of pulmonary and interstitial edema in the lung tissues of rats compared with that from the ARDS model group. The percentage of neutrophil of the medicine group was significantly brought down compared with that of the ARDS model group (

P
<
0.001

). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines. It was observed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum of the medicine group significantly decreased (

P
<
0.001

and

P
<
0.01

), the contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the medicine group decreased, and the contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 in lung tissue homogenate of the medicine group significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

,

P
<
0.001

,

P
<
0.01

, and

P
<
0.05

). In further mass spectrum identification of the proteins from the same animal groups, it was observed that the expressions of inflammatory proteins TNFRSF1, LBP, and NOS2 of the medicine group were reduced. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions. The pharmacological action of YQHYJD’s anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely associated with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, TNFRSF1, LBP, and NOS2 on the TLR4/NLRP3 signal pathway.