bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Relevance of Environmental Sustainability Information Disclosure
Authors: Okonewa Onyinyechukwu
Published: March 2023

To empirically investigate the value relevance of environmental sustainability information disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria, this study made use of Ohlson 1995 Valuation Model and a fifteen (15) year time period beginning from year 2006 to year 2020. Further, the study applied carbon emission information disclosure data as the non-financial information and hypothesized that carbon emission information disclosure is value irrelevant in Nigeria. In this study, ex-post facto and descriptive research design based on a panel data set secondarily sourced from annual financial reports of eight (8) listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria was employed. Robust least square regression analysis technique was employed to test the formulated hypotheses. Results obtained from the descriptive statistics reflects a poor carbon emission reporting situation in Nigeria. The result reveals that on average about 2% of the sampled firms disclosed information relating to carbon emission during the period under study. Specifically, the notion that investors perceive the control of carbon emission as severe cost rather than profit was established. This is due to the outcome from the regression result which suggest that stock market investors reactions towards carbon emission disclosure of oil and gas firms in Nigeria is negative. However, this study recommends that to relieve such negative consequences in the capital market, managers of oil and gas firms in Nigeria must take appropriate action to communicate their commitments and efforts genuinely and adequately around carbon reduction to investors. This study contributes to the growing field of environmental sustainability accounting, particularly from a market that is underdeveloped like Nigeria, by offering empirical evidence relating to the relevant value of carbon emission reporting with practical financial implications that will be most helpful to investors.
Production of Acetic Indole Acid in Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Amairani Alanís-Rodríguez Lizeth , Rodríguez-Castillejos Guadalupe , Garza-Cano Efrén , Ramírez-Quintanilla Laura , Oliva-Hernández Amanda , Lizarazo-Ortega Cristian , Hernández-Mendoza José Luis
Published: March 2023

The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is a phytopathogen of great importance attacking various crops and causing severe losses especially in sorghum, beans, soybeans and others. Since acetic indole acid (AIA) is a hormone that some authors associate with the pathogenic power of other fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, it was decided to perform this work to detect whether M phaseolina isolated from beans is layers of producing AIA and which synthesis pathways are involved in its production. The analyses performed using HPLC showed the production of indole acetamide (ACM) that occurs in the first 60 hours of incubation. Another compound produced is Indole (IND) which is released after 60 hours when ACM production has ceased. Similarly, the fungus can metabolize AIA in the culture medium and tryptophan, the main precursor of AIA, apparently has no effect on the amount of AIA synthesized.

Conclusion: The phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina can produce indole acetic acid, a hormone that stimulates plant growth through the TRP-D pathway via indole acetamide, which occurs mainly in the first 60 hours of growth of the fungus in the culture medium. In addition, the presence of indole was detected, which allows us to estimate that the fungus uses another little explored route that is TRP-I and that from this compound the AIA can be synthesized directly or transformed into TRP. This means that when a metabolic pathway of IAA is turned off (ACM) it is replaced by another pathway (Indole). The convenient is to correlate the release of indole acetic acid with the pathogenicity of M phaseolina.
Comparative Analysis of Additive and Multiplicative Error Terms of Weibull, Logistic Gompertz, Hills and Richards Models with Four Parameters
Authors: Dagogo Joseph , Cynthia Orumie Ukamaka , Oyinebifun Biu, Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Three growth models (Richards, Gompertz, and Weibull) were estimated using a computer program employing a modified version of the Levenberg-Marquardt approach for solving non-linear regression models. With both small and high sample sizes, three data sets were collected. The most suitable model for growth studies was added by decomposing the growth models into their component parts: additive and multiplicative error factors. The analysis based on the mathematical properties was conducted using Gretl statistics software. Prior to using an iterative strategy, a third-order polynomial (cubic function) solves the issue of the initial parameters. The final estimate of the parameters, standard errors, p-values, and model adequacy standards used to choose the best growth model are included in the result. Out of the five growth models considered suitable for the agricultural data, this study was able to pinpoint the Weibull Growth Model with Multiplicative Error Term. The Hill Growth Model with Additive Error Term is the best growth model for the engineering data out of the five growth models. Among the Five Growth Models for Population Growth, the Weibull Growth Model with Additive Error Term is a viable growth model. Several growth models are suggested or recommended by this study for use in forecasting this growth behavior.
Towards Positive Behaviours: An Evaluation of a Teachers’ Training on Classroom-based Interventions for Managing Problem Behaviours in Preschoolers in Nigeria
Authors: Obiejemba Ngozi , Adeniyi Yetunde C. , Omigbodun Olayinka O.
Published: March 2023

Aim: This study was a cluster randomized trial, designed to evaluate the effect of a teachers’ training on Classroom-based Interventions for Managing Problem Behaviours in                Preschoolers in Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of 110 preschool teachers participated in the study. Fifty-five were randomly assigned to each of the intervention and the wait-list groups. Participants in the intervention group received two training sessions on child behaviour problems and management. Data was collected in 3 phases; baseline, immediate post-intervention and one-month post-intervention.

Results: The proportion of participants in the intervention group who felt frustrated about managing challenging behaviours, reduced significantly (p=0.045) at follow up (14.5%) compared to baseline (32.7%). There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in the proportion of those who documented problem behaviours occurring at school (72.7%) at follow up, compared to baseline (38.2%). Participants in the intervention group reported increased confidence and competence to manage problem behaviours in their classroom settings.

Conclusion: This study showed that training interventions can improve the perception, competence and skills of teachers in managing problem behaviours among preschoolers. It is recommended that preschool teachers receive training that will improve their classroom management of children with problem behaviours, even in low-income settings.
A preliminary evaluation of N-acetylcysteine's effects on patient adherence to treatment for cocaine use disorder
Authors: Schechter Jake , Brown Geoffrey W. , Janda Maria
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a disabling disease associated with high rates of relapse and intense cravings. Patients with CUD struggle to adhere to treatment, which contributes to relapse and frequent readmissions to residential rehab (RR) facilities. Preliminary studies suggest that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuates cocaine-induced neuroplasticity and, therefore, may assist with cocaine abstinence and adherence to treatment.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study obtained data from 20 RR facilities across Western New York. Eligible subjects were 18 or older, diagnosed with CUD, and were divided based on their exposure to 1200 mg NAC twice daily during RR. The primary outcome was treatment adherence measured by outpatient treatment attendance rates (OTA). Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) in RR and craving severity on a 1 to 100 visual analog scale.

Results

One hundred eighty-eight (N = 188) patients were included in this investigation: NAC, n = 90; control, n = 98. NAC did not significantly impact OTA (% appointments attended), NAC 68%; control 69%, (P = .89) or craving severity NAC 34 ± 26; control 30 ± 27, (P = .38). Subjects treated with NAC had a significantly longer average LOS in RR compared with controls, NAC 86 ± 30; control 78 ± 26, (P = .04).

Discussion

In this study, NAC did not impact treatment adherence but was associated with a significantly longer LOS in RR for patients with CUD. Owing to limitations, these results may not be applicable to the general population. More rigorous studies examining NAC's impact on treatment adherence in CUD are warranted.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 13 March 1916.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 8 May 1916.
Notes (1) On the Discovery of a Grave at Balneil, New Luce, Wigtownshire, containing a Partially Burnt Interment, a Cinerary Urn, a Bronze Chisel, a Bone Pin, and a Bead of Vitreous Paste. (2) On a Socketed Axe of Bronze found at Cambusmore, the Mound, Sutherlandshire. With Report on Bones from the Interment
Authors: Curle Alexander , Bryce Thomas
Published: March 2023

The urn had been placed in an inverted position over a heap of human bones only\r\npartially incinerated. These represent two adult individuals. The chisel appears never to have been completed for use. Both the bead and pin had been burnt. The pin is an unusual type. The axe is unusual for its herring-bone ornamentation which has been incised on it around the socket.
Further Discoveries of Cross-Slabs in the Isle of Man
Authors: Kermode P
Published: March 2023

A report on the discovery of nine more pieces, including two very small and imperfect fragments, making a total of twenty-six brought to light since the publication of Manx Crosses in 1907. Each is described and illustrated in detail. A late cross with runic inscriptions, a Viking ship and part of a Celtic cross is particularly noteworthy.
Notes on the Royal Heart preserved at St Margaret's Convent, Whitehouse Loan, Edinburgh
Authors: Hanna Jeanette M
Published: March 2023

The embalmed heart of a Platagenet king is preserved in a lead casket. It came from the old Abbey of Fontevrault, near Saumur. There were six members of the Plantagenet line buried in the so-called Cemetery of the English Kings at Fontevrault. They were Henry II, Richard Coeur de Lion, Jeanne (or Johanna) of England, sister of Richard, and wife of Raymond VI, Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of Henry II, Isabella of Angouleme, widow of John (Lackland), Raymond VII of Toulouse, son of Jeanne of England and of Raymond VI. The heart is traditionally believed to be that of Henry II although there is evidence to suggest that it may be the heart of Henry III.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 March 1917.
Notice of Two Burial Urns found in the Parish of Muirkirk, Ayrshire
Authors: Baird J G A , Bryce T H
Published: March 2023

The urns were found within a cairn. One was badly damaged and empty. The second contained charcoal and cremated human bone. A further deposit of charcoal and cremated human bone lay nearby. The charcoal was identified as birch and oak. The bones have been tentatively identified as an adult female.
Account of the Exploration of a Cairn at Craigbirnoch, New Luce, Wigtownshire
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

The cairn is one of a pair and both are much dilapidated. A central cist contained cremated human bone, oak charcoal and a Food Vessel. The age and sex of the human remains could not be determined.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 8 January 1917.
Investigation of the Artificial Island in Loch Kinellan, Strathpeffer
Authors: Fraser Hugh A , Bryce T H , Curle Alex O
Published: March 2023

Excavations were carried out over a number of seasons and included the recovery of a dug-out canoe which was serving as an underlying support of a portion of the woodwork in one of the pits. The crannog was a hunting seat of the Earls of Ross during the medieval period. When in 1476 ,the Earldom" of Ross was irrevocably annexed to the Crown, the " management of its rent" was entrusted by the King to the Earl of Sutherland, who transferred the trust to Alexander Mackenzie of Kintail, sixth chief of the Mackenzies. By the nineteenth century it was being used as a kitchen garden. It does not appear to have been a matter of common knowledge that the island was artificial. Structurally the island appears to consist of three main series of layers:, the upper structure of earth, clay, and boulders, with local seams\r\nof peat, charcoal, and burnt clay, the strata represented in the west half of the island by the platforms of timber with the intervening occupation debris, and in\r\nthe east half by the stratified layers of brushwood, clay, peat, and habitation refuse, the mass of organic material at the base of the island. Little direct evidence of the age of the crannog was obtained in course of the investigation. That wood-chips, cut with a sharp iron instrument, exist at the base of the island, is helpful only in a general way. The bones included portions of the skull of a shorthorn ox, which may be the Celtic shorthorn, Bos longifrons.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 14 January 1918.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 52

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1918

List of Corresponding members 1918

List of Honorary members November 1918

List of the Lady Associates November 1918

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 March 1919.
The Minor Society of Scottish Antiquaries
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

An account of the brief history of the society based on the discovery of a manuscript which came to light in the Bodleian Library. There is no minute of the gathering at which the Minor Society was originally constituted, however, when it met on 1st February 1783, it was already in being.
Old Parliament Hall, Edinburgh: Statues of Justice and Mercy
Authors: Ross Thomas
Published: March 2023

These statues, with the accompanying carved stones, were found in August 1909 in the back garden of No. 37 Drummond Place. The two figures, with the stone containing the\r\ncity arms, have been placed within the Old Parliament Hall; while the pediment stone with the open-arched crown surmounted by a cross, and having the date 1636, has been placed over a doorway in the new piazza. The statues had been removed from the Old Parliament Hall in 1824. They are thought to have been sculptured by Alexander Mylne,\r\nwho was born in Perth in 1613.
Excavations at Dunadd and at other Sites on the Poltalloch Estates, Argyll
Authors: Craw John Hewat
Published: March 2023

Report on excavations at Dunadd fort including a midden. The site had been much disturbed by earlier investigations. Plentiful artefacts included a silver ring, a bronze disc, spearheads, knives, shears, beads, jet armlets, hammerstones and quern stones. Some of the artefacts suggest occupation in the Iron Age. Limited excavation also took place at 11 cists and cairns in the vicinity.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 8 March 1937.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 71

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1937

List of Corresponding members 1937

List of Honorary members November 1937

List of the Lady Associates November 1937

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Excavations of Three Neolithic Chambered Cairns – One with an Upper and a Lower Chamber – in the Islands of Eday and the Calf of Eday in Orkney
Authors: Calder Charles S T , Edwards A J H
Published: March 2023

A Neolithic burial cairn contained two separate but contemporary chambers, one above the other. Each chamber had a separate entrance-passage at its floor-level, the openings to them being placed diametrically opposite one another on the circumference of the cairn in a line running east and west. The lower chamber is entirely subterranean, and the upper has been constructed in the mass of the superstructure above the natural level of the ground. Pottery sherds, flints and a broken axe were recovered. A second circular cairn covered a central chamber and passageway. Pottery and stone tools were recovered along with evidence of later Iron Age activity. A third cairn was poorly preserved and had been investigated in the 19th century.
Three Fragments of a Sculptured Cross of Anglian Type now preserved in Abercorn Church, West Lothian
Authors: Calder Charles S T
Published: March 2023

A conjectural reconstruction has been based on the details of the three fragments. The decoration includes zoomorphic and interlaced panels. All the details of the fragments correspond with the Anglian ornamentation on similar Northumbrian crosses, which series seems to begin about AD 670.
Excavations at Birrens, 1936-37
Authors: Birley Eric , Richmond Ian A , Stanfield J A , Hedley W Percy
Published: March 2023

In the original excavation no attempt was made to discover whether the two structural periods accounted for the whole or only a part of the occupation of Birrens by the Romans; dating evidence was limited to inscriptions and coins. It is argued on the basis of further excavation that the phases originally identified were only a part of the total occupation and that the fort was re-occupied in the third century and continued into the fourth. A detailed report on the pottery and other artefacts is included.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 72

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1938

List of Corresponding members 1938

List of Honorary members November 1938

List of the Lady Associates November 1938

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Two hoards of silver coins found at Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, and at Dunblane, Perthshire
Authors: Kerr Robert
Published: March 2023

A hoard of 197 coins in an earthenware green-glaze vessel were discovered during building work. The group comprised 192 English and 5 Scottish groats. The date of the latest coin was 1466. A second hoard discovered at Dunblane during quarrying comprised 91 silver pennies of which 86 were English, 3 were Scottish and 2 were Irish. Two of the English coins were forgeries. The date of the latest was 1324.
Report on excavation at Monzie
Authors: Young Alison , Crichton Mitchell Margaret E
Published: March 2023

Report on the excavation of a rough circle of ten stones, one of which was carved, in Monzie, Perthshire. A causeway leading from the circle to an outlying slab with cup and ring mark carvings was identified. A stone cist within the circle contained burnt human bone and the remains were identified as an adult and a child aged six to eight years. Finds included pottery, charcoal (mainly hazel) and a flint flake.
Notes: (2) Skeletal Remains from Short Cist, Applin Cross Field, Burnhall Farm, Coldingham, Berwickshire
Authors: Low Alexander
Published: March 2023

While most of the bones are incomplete owing to decay, they are obviously the skeletal remains of a muscular adult male approximately 5 feet 6 inches in stature.
Notes: (5) Recent Excavations carried out at Borland Castle Hill, Cumnock, South Ayrshire
Authors: McLeod Alex G , Edwards Arthur J H
Published: March 2023

Following the discovery of three rim sherds, a shoulder sherd of a cinerary urn, several fragments of charred wood and a few tiny pieces of broken burnt bone a formal investigation was carried out and a clay filled pit was excavated. One of the layers in the pit consisted of red ashes, surrounded by a margin of unconsumed oak charcoal and fine black earth, with a few very small fragments of burnt bone. This feature has been interpreted as a pyre site. Beaker sherds were located in the vicinity. A nearby shaft was probably used as a medieval kitchen refuse dump for Borland Castle.
The Ramparts of Traprain Law; excavations in 1939
Authors: Cruden Stewart H
Published: March 2023

The north side and the east and west ends of Traprain Law are protected by ramparts;\r\nthe south side is sheer cliff and requires no fortification. There are at least two defensive systems of different character. The results of the excavations are presented along with many illustrations. Hearths and other features were found below sections of rampart. Artefacts included pottery, silver coins, and glass armlets.
The Red Castle of Lunan Bay
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

Tradition suggests that the castle was built by William the Lion. It was originally likely to have been a timbered earthwork. A brief history of the castle is presented along with a description of the ruins. The architectural features of the surviving tower house point to a date in the fifteenth century.
Unpublished Tokens of the Church of Scotland
Authors: Kerr Robert , Lockie J R
Published: March 2023

Communion tokens discovered over the last thirty years are published here and are intended as a supplement to the earlier group of over 1400 published by Brook in the Proceedings of 1906-7.
An account of the partial excavation of a 'wag' or galleried building at Forse, in the parish of Latheron, Caithness
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

Wags were folds for cattle, sheep or other livestock. The ruin consisted of a long chamber on the western side, lying approximately NNW and SSE, with the entrance from the latter direction, and two similar chambers, contiguous, on the eastern side, with an indeterminate mass of ruins occupying the space between the eastmost pair and that first mentioned, the whole contained within an encircling wall, reduced in parts almost to foundation level. The westernmost structure had a clay floor and a few fragments of coarse pottery were recovered. One of the chambers on the east was clearly intended for human occupation. A hearth, fire cracked stones, pots and pot lids were found. The structure appears to have been abandoned when the roof collapsed.
Notes: (2) Summary of the Examination of Skeletons from Cists at Lunanhead
Authors: Waterston David
Published: March 2023

The first cist contained the skeleton of a man aged upwards of forty years. He had osteoarthritis and had suffered a deep wound on the left side of the forehead some time before death, which had involved the bone and left a suppurating sore. Death had been caused by a deep wound on the front of the left thigh, inflicted by a sharp, heavy weapon which had cut deeply into the femur and had soon proved fatal. The second cist also contained a male skeleton aged upwards of forty five years with a lot of dental disease.
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1941-1942
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1941 – 1942. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1942.
The lake-dwelling, or crannog in Eadarloch, Loch Treig: its traditions and its construction
Authors: Ritchie James , Crowfoot Grace
Published: March 2023

A detailed report on the excavation of the crannog with numerous illustrations. Preservation of timbers and wooden objects is exceptional. Other notable artefacts include leather shoes and a scrap of woollen fibre. There is evidence of activity in the sixteenth or seventeenth century.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections A note on the Rhind Lectures 1942The Treasurer's accounts for 1940-1941
Communion Tokens of the Church of Scotland: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Kerr Robert , Lockie J R
Published: March 2023

A catalogue of more than thirteen hundred is presented. Only those tokens which are of special rarity or interest have been illustrated. The transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century produced no immediate change in the form, material, or design of the communion token. Some congregations, refusing to be influenced by changes in fashion, deliberately retained early shapes and styles down to the twentieth century. As the nineteenth century went on, however, the tendency, already noticeable at the close of the previous century, away from earlier simplicity and irregularity towards elaboration and mechanical exactitude of design,\r\nbecame more and more marked. The crude productions of country craftsmen were despised as inelegant, and, with the improvement in communications and the increasing mechanisation of industry, it became easier and cheaper to order quantities of tokens from city die-sinkers than to have them made locally. The results were the loss of a great deal of the individuality and variety which make the older tokens so attractive, and, by the middle of the century, a widespread limitation in design to standardised commercial types.
Another late Viking house at Freswick, Caithness
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

The great storms of 1940 blew the sand from the wall-tops of another complex of structures at Freswick. Excavation exposed a single complex of buildings, obviously\r\nrepresenting more than one architectural period. The earliest phase of the complex is represented by a "long house" the centre of which was occupied by a long fire represented by a bed of peat ash. The house was subsequently added to with other rooms. Three phases of construction were identified. Bone and stone whorls, loomweights, a net sinker, a bone pin, part of a rotary quern, a gaming piece and some pottery were recovered.
Newly-discovered short cist burials with beakers
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Edwards Arthur J H , Low Alexander , MacDougall Margaret O , Laing E V
Published: March 2023

A short cist at Lochend contained a crouched adult male skeleton with a Beaker vessel, a flint nodule and charcoal. A short cist at Kirkaldy contained a Beaker urn, a tanged blade of bronze with a hazel-wood haft, and a smaller bronze object like a pin, a flint flake, twelve conical buttons, and an elongated bead of "jet" and a very decayed skeleton. A second cist contained portions of a leather covering with a bone-hafted knife-dagger in its sheath; small fragments of woven fabric were adhering to the leather. A cist at West Fenton contained an adolescent skeleton and a beaker vessel. A cist at Nunraw contained a skeleton and a Beaker vessel.
Notes: (6) The Bronze Blade from Craigscorry, near Beauly
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

A long cist contained an extended skeleton together with an arrowhead and a slug knife of flint, both calcined, and fragments of bronze which joined together to form part of a blade. This grooved blade is unlike any other surviving relic from a burial deposit\r\nin Scotland.
Notes on Scottish incised slabs
Authors: Greenhill F A
Published: March 2023

Incised slabs form the largest class of sepulchral monuments of the Middle Ages now remaining in Scotland. They fall into two main groups, the West Highland slabs, in which Celtic influence strongly predominates, and the Lowland slabs, which follow the general style of contemporary monuments in Western Europe. The former are generally of mica-schist, the latter of sandstone. Four previously unreported late medieval examples are considered.
The robes of the feudal baronage of Scotland
Authors: Innes Thomas
Published: March 2023

The Baronage is an Order derived partly from the system in which the patriarch held his country "under God", and partly from the later feudal system. The robes and insignia of the Baronage trace back to both these forms of tenure. A history of the feudal system as applied to Scotland is presented in some detail. The development and evolution of the ceremonial attire is described and illustrated.
Notes: (1) Prehistoric Ceareals from Scotland
Authors: Childe V Gordon
Published: March 2023

A brief note on the survival of grain impressions on pottery. The only cereal found on well-dated sherds of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages in Scotland was barley, naked or hulled. There are a few occurrences of flax and emmer wheat on Bronze Age pottery. Roman sites have yielded, besides various kinds of wheat and barley, also oats and rye, as well as several weeds.
Communion Tokens of the Free Church of Scotland
Authors: Kerr Robert , Lockie J R
Published: March 2023

A catalogue of several hundred tokens is presented. They were used by congregations to provide entrance to communion. In most respects, the communion tokens of the Free Church of Scotland are very similar to those which were in use contemporaneously in the Church of Scotland. The use of lead-tin alloys was almost invariable. Exceptions include brass, aluminium, and very uncommonly wood. They show little variation in shape and the majority are inscribed.
A New Roman Mountain-Road in Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire
Authors: Richmond Ian A
Published: March 2023

Description of a putative Roman road whose function is believed to link the south-west of Scotland with Trimontium or Newstead. It is argued that the site at Raeburnfoot was an intermediate fort or fortlet along its route.
Further Observations on Hut-Circles
Authors: Thorneycroft Wallace
Published: March 2023

Cairns associated with the hut-circles have been examined and are thought to be the result of clearing ground for agricultural purposes. Excavation of a further two stone-built hut-circles suggests the ground was levelled prior to construction. Internal features included postholes and fired stones. Finds included pottery, bone, daub, charcoal, worked stones and a grain of barley.
Farms and Fortifications in the King's Park, Edinburgh
Authors: Stevenson Robert B K
Published: March 2023

The surviving remains which comprise hut circles, Dunsapie Fort, a defensive dyke, cottages, rigs, terraces and scooped enclosures, are described in detail.
Notes: (9) An Iron Implement and other Relics from Falla Cairn, Roxburghshire
Authors: Steer Kenneth A
Published: March 2023

Report on artefacts associated with a Bronze Age cairn which covered a short cist containing cremated bone. Artefacts included a Collared urn, a retouched flint scraper and iron fragments which may have been associated with secondary burial during the Iron Age.
Notes: (12) A Survey and Policy of Field Research in the Archaeology of Great Britain. Part I
Authors: Steer Kenneth A
Published: March 2023

Book review.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting a list of newly elected Fellows was presented, as was a list of deceased Fellows and a report on how this affected the Society's roll overall. Other reports presented included:A report on the Society’s publicationsA report on the Society’s museum and library collections Short notes on the offices of Librarian and TreasurerA report on the excavations that took place during the preceding sessionA note on the Rhind LecturesAn address to the King was then read, congratulating both him and his daughter Princess Elizabeth on her marriage. Honarary Fellows were elected and alternations ot the Society’s Laws were approved. The Treasurer then presented the Financial Statement.A list of meetings of the Society in 1946-1947 is appended.
The excavations at Hownam Rings, Roxburghshire, 1948
Authors: Piggott Cecily Margaret , Platt M I , Orr M Y , Wallis F S , Hallimond A F
Published: March 2023

As one of the first excavations of a hillfort in the Scottish Borders, this excavation aimed to discover some of the culture and priorities of the Iron Age and Roman inhabitants. Four phases of habitation were identified, although not all of them could be conclusively dated. The article includes a catalogue of finds organised according to which of the four phases the item is related to.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Special Note

Front matter for Volume 82

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1949-50
Excavations in Passage-Graves and Ring-Cairns of the Clava Group, 1952-3
Authors: Piggott Stuart , Johnson Allard H
Published: March 2023

Reports on the excavation of some of the Clava type cairns in Inverness-shire: a passage grave chambered cairn, two ring cairns and a small stone circle. In the conclusion, it is suggested that rather than these sites representing a chronology of burial practices, they may have been used concurrently.
Sir John Stirling Maxwell of Pollok
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

An obituary for Sir John Stirling Maxwell who died 30th May 1956.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 89

Table of contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1955-6
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 91

Table of contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1957-8
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 92

Table of contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1958-9
The Badden Cist Slab
Authors: Campbell Marion , Scott J G , Piggott Stuart
Published: March 2023

A carved stone was uncovered on a farm in Argyll and Bute and examined by the authors of this article who argue for its importance to the study of the Bronze Age in the west of Scotland. The lozenge design on the Badden carved stone is compared to similar stones found locally, as well as with designs from Wessex and Brittany. The second half of the article attempts to place the carved stones and cists found in Argyll and Bute into their European context.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 94

Table of contents

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Office-bearers of the Society 1960-1

List of the Honorary Fellows, Fellows, Corresponding members, Etc., December 1962
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1961-1962
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1961 – 1962. Appended are details of Society meetings held in 1961 – 1962.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 96

Table of contents

Office-bearers of the Society 1962-3
Donations to and purchases for the Museum and Library, 1964-1965 and 1965-1966
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

A list of acquisitions for the Society's museum and library from 1964 – 1965 and 1965 – 1966.
declínio e queda dos Soga
Authors: Metzger Kauê Otávio
Published: March 2023

Através da análise do episódio da queda dos Soga no Nihon Shoki (720 EC), esteartigo mostra como fenômenos climáticos, astronômicos e de outras naturezas foram utilizados pelos redatores da crônica para justificar o golpe de 645 EC. Para isto, será analisada brevemente a trajetória dos Soga, o peso das concepções cosmológicas chinesas no Japão neste período, e o contexto de escrita do Nihon Shoki. Em seguida, os presságios serão estudados em detalhes, traçando um comparativo de seu grau de incidência frente aos três reinados anteriores e aos três reinados posteriores diante dos dois outros reinados onde localizam-se os episódios analisados – o cerne da ascensão e queda dos Soga. Feita esta análise quantitativa da incidência de ocorrências ominosas, o estudo procederá para uma análise exegética dos episódios, de modo a mobilizar argumentos que corroboremcom a hipótese levantada.
Strategies to Improve Adherence to Skin Self-examination and Other Self-management Practices in People at High Risk of Melanoma
Authors: Ackermann Deonna M. , Bracken Karen , Janda Monika , Turner Robin M. , Hersch Jolyn K. , Drabarek Dorothy , Bell Katy J. L.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Adherence, both in research trials and in clinical practice, is crucial to the success of interventions. There is limited guidance on strategies to increase adherence and the measurement and reporting of adherence in trials of melanoma self-management practices.

Objective

This scoping review aimed to describe (1) strategies to improve adherence to self-management practices in randomized clinical trials of people at high risk of melanoma and (2) measurement and reporting of adherence data in these trials.

Evidence Review

Four databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL, were searched from inception to July 2022. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials of self-monitoring interventions for early detection of melanoma in people at increased risk due to personal history (eg, melanoma, transplant, dysplastic naevus syndrome), family history of melanoma, or as determined by a risk assessment tool or clinical judgment.

Findings

From 939 records screened, 18 eligible randomized clinical trials were identified, ranging in size from 40 to 724 participants, using a range of adherence strategies but with sparse evidence on effectiveness of the strategies. Strategies were classified as trial design (n = 15); social and economic support (n = 5); intervention design (n = 18); intervention and condition support (n = 10); and participant support (n = 18). No strategies were reported for supporting underserved groups (eg, people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, have low health literacy, non-English speakers, or older adults) to adhere to self-monitoring practices, and few trials targeted provider (referring to both clinicians and researchers) adherence (n = 5). Behavioral support tools included reminders (n = 8), priority-setting guidance (n = 5), and clinician feedback (n = 5). Measurement of adherence was usually by participant report of skin self-examination practice with some recent trials of digital interventions also directly measuring adherence to the intervention through website or application analytic data. Reporting of adherence data was limited, and fewer than half of all reports mentioned adherence in their discussion.

Conclusions and Relevance

Using an adaptation of the World Health Organization framework for clinical adherence, this scoping review of randomized clinical trials identified key concepts as well as gaps in the way adherence is approached in design, conduct, and reporting of trials for skin self-examination and other self-management practices in people at high risk of melanoma. These findings may usefully guide future trials and clinical practice; evaluation of adherence strategies may be possible using a Study Within A Trial (SWAT) framework within host trials.
Study of Mechanical Properties of a New 3D Re‐Entrant Lattice Auxetic Structure Under Bending
Authors: Shen Jianbang , Zeng Qinglei , Wang Jing , Ge Jingran , Gao Fuchao , Liang Jun
Published: March 2023

Herein, the mechanical behaviors of a new 3D re‐entrant lattice auxetic structure under bending are investigated. When a classical 3D re‐entrant lattice auxetic structure is subjected to uniaxial loading, only one 2D structural component can sustain the load, which limits the capability of the auxetic structure. By changing the connection mode of 2D components, a new 3D re‐entrant lattice auxetic structure that can exhibit both in‐ and out‐of‐plane negative Poisson's ratios is proposed. To investigate the bending response of the new structure, specimens with three different design parameters are additively manufactured, and their mechanical properties are studied with the four‐point bending test and finite element analysis. Compared to the classical 3D re‐entrant lattice structure, the new 3D re‐entrant lattice structure exhibits lower initial peak stress and higher energy absorption capacity. The underlying mechanism may be closely associated with the unique deformation pattern of auxetic structures under bending. The new re‐entrant auxetic structure expands the design space of 3D auxetic structures, especially for energy absorption and protection in impact scenarios.
Switchable Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Ring Contraction of Cyclooctatetraene Oxide Towards the Enantioselective Synthesis of Cycloheptatrienyl‐Substituted Homoallylic Alcohols and Oxaborinanes
Authors: Sendra Jana , Salvado Oriol , Pedrón Manuel , Reyes Efraim , Tejero Tomás , Fernández Elena , Merino Pedro , Vicario Jose L.
Published: March 2023

The ability of cyclooctatetraene oxide to undergo two sequential ring contraction events under mild conditions, using Brønsted acid catalysis, has been studied in detail. We have found that the selectivity can be controlled by the acidity of the catalyst and by the temperature, being able to obtain selectively either the cycloheptatriene carbaldehyde product, arising from a single ring‐contraction event, or phenylacetaldehyde that is formed after a second ring contraction process. A complete mechanistic picture of the reaction and a rationale behind the influence of the catalyst is provided based on both experimental and computational data. Finally, this acid‐catalyzed ring contraction has been coupled with an in situ enantioselective allylation reaction, delivering enantioenriched cycloheptatrienyl‐substituted homoallylic alcohols when it is carried out in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. These homoallylic alcohols have also been converted into enantioenriched oxaborinanes through copper‐catalyzed nucleophilic borylation/cyclization protocol.

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A Cooperative Rhodium/Secondary Phosphine Oxide [Rh/P(O)nBu2] Template for Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Perfluoroarenes
Authors: Chang Wei‐Chieh , Randel Helena , Weyhermüller Thomas , Auer Alexander A. , Farès Christophe , Werlé Christophe
Published: March 2023

The selective activation of C−F bonds under mild reaction conditions remains an ongoing challenge of bond activation. Here, we present a cooperative [Rh/P(O)nBu2] template for catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) of perfluoroarenes. In addition to substrates presenting electron‐withdrawing functional groups, the system showed an exceedingly rare tolerance for electron‐donating functionalities and heterocycles. The high chemoselectivity of the catalyst and its readiness to be deployed at a preparative scale illustrate its practicality. Empirical mechanistic studies and a density functional theory (DFT) study have identified a rhodium(I) dihydride complex as a catalytically relevant species and the determining role of phosphine oxide as a cooperative fragment. Altogether, we demonstrate that molecular templates based on these design elements can be assembled to create catalysts with increased reactivity for challenging bond activations.
Bioorthogonal Probes for Analyzing Non‐Enzymatic Post‐Translational Modifications
Authors: Shao Zhentao , Zhu Yingdi , Li Juan
Published: March 2023

Non‐enzymatic post‐translational modifications (nPTMs) have been proposed as indicators of cellular stresses and diseases. Unfortunately, direct assessment of nPTMs in native environment is extremely challenging due to the heterogeneity of adducts and the lack of tagging tools. Given these challenges, bioorthogonal probes (BPs) have been developed for the analysis of nPTMs. The rationality is that BPs could selectively install azides or alkynes into nPTMs as a biorthogonal handle for the following enrichment or tracking. Herein, we review the state‐of‐art of BPs used for nPTMs studies, clarify their working principles, and highlight how they advance our understanding of the biological functions of nPTMs.
Inhibition of interleukin‐1 with rilonacept is not effective in cold urticaria—Results of a randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Bonnekoh Hanna , Butze Monique , Spittler Sebastian , Staubach Petra , Weller Karsten , Scheffel Jörg , Maurer Marcus , Krause Karoline
Published: March 2023

Background

Cold urticaria (ColdU) is characterized by pruritic wheals following exposure of the skin to cold. Many patients show insufficient response to antihistamines, the first line treatment. Based on the high efficacy of interleukin‐1(IL‐1)‐inhibition in cold‐induced urticarial autoinflammatory diseases, we assessed the effects of rilonacept, an IL‐1 inhibitor, in ColdU patients unresponsive to standard treatment.

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled two‐center study, we included 20 patients with ColdU. In the first part, patients received 320 mg rilonacept or placebo (1:1) followed by weekly doses of 160 mg rilonacept or placebo for 6 weeks. In the second part, all patients received weekly 160 mg or 320 mg rilonacept for 6 weeks, open‐label. The primary endpoint was change in critical temperature threshold (CTT). Secondary endpoints included changes in quality of life impairment (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI), differences of inflammatory mediators upon cold provocation and safety assessment over the study period.

Results

Baseline mean CTTs were 20.2°C (placebo) and 17.3°C (rilonacept). Mean CTTs did not change significantly during the 6‐week double‐blind treatment (placebo – 0.45°C; rilonacept +0.89°C). IL‐6, IL‐18 and HSP‐70 blood levels showed interindividual variability without significant changes during hand cold water bath provocation in placebo‐ or rilonacept‐treated patients. In contrast, DLQI significantly improved in the rilonacept (mean DLQI reduction of 3.8; p = 0.002) but not in the placebo group (mean DLQI reduction of 0). Comparing baseline with the rilonacept open‐label treatment, there were no changes in CTTs or DLQI scores.

Conclusion

IL‐1 inhibition with rilonacept did not improve ColdU, but demonstrated a good safety profile.

Clinical Trial Registration

EudraCT number: 2012‐005726‐30. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02171416.
Angiotensin receptor blockers retard the progression and fibrosis via inhibiting the viability of AGTR1+CAFs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jian‐Hui , Wu Xiao , Ni Xuhao , Li Ya‐Xiong , Xu Long , Hao Xiao‐Yi , Zhao Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Xu , Yin Xiao‐Yu
Published: March 2023

Background

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by massive fibrosis and has ineffective adjuvant therapies. Here, we demonstrate the potential of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in targeting iCCA.

Methods

Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess the effect of ARBs in iCCA specimens, CCK8 and gel contraction assays in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq were used for mechanistic investigations.

Results

Patients with iCCA who were administered ARBs had a better prognosis and a lower proportion of tumour stroma, indicating alleviated fibrosis. The presence of AGTR1, the ARBs receptor, is associated with a poor prognosis of iCCA and is highly expressed in tumour tissues and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The ARBs strongly attenuated the viability of AGTR1+CAFs in vitro and retarded tumour progression and fibrosis in xenograft models of co‐cultured CAFs and iCCA cells. Still, they did not have a significant effect on AGTR1−CAFs. Moreover, ARBs decreased the secretion of AGTR1+CAF‐derived MFAP5 via the Hippo pathway, weakened the interaction between CAFs and iCCA cells, and impaired the aggressiveness of iCCA cells by attenuating the activation of the Notch1 pathway in iCCA cells.

Conclusions

ARBs exhibit anti‐fibrotic function by inhibiting the viability of AGTR1+CAFs. These findings support using ARBs as a novel therapeutic option for targeting iCCA.