bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pursuing the Need for Physical Activity in Recurrent CVA Patients During Hospitalization: A Case Report
Authors: Hermawan Stepanus Maman , Wihardja Hany
Published: May 2021

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a neurological deficit condition caused by an acute focal injury of the central nervous system by cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage. CVA patients who do not reduce risk factors after the first attack have an 8.7 times higher risk of CVA recurrence. The effect of a recurrent CVA is six times greater than the risk of a first CVA in the general population of the same age and sex, and nearly half of them remain alive but are physically disabled. This case report illustrates the process of recurrent CVA and disability experienced by a 69-year-old Malay woman, a patient at a private hospital in West Kalimantan. The nursing strategy of two post-CVA physical rehabilitation exercise programs for patients during hospitalization will be explained according to the stages in nursing theory.Abstrak Mengejar Kebutuhan Aktivitas Fisik Pasien CVA Berulang Selama Hospitalisasi: Laporan Kasus. Cerebrovaskuler Accident (CVA) adalah kondisi defisit neurologis karena cedera akut pada sistem saraf pusat disebabkan infark serebral atau perdarahan intraserebral. Pasien CVA yang tidak menurunkan faktor risikonya secara optimal setelah serangan pertama memiliki risiko CVA berulang sebesar 8,7 kali lebih tinggi. Efek dari CVA berulang adalah 6 kali lebih besar dari episode CVA pertama pada populasi umum, dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama, hampir setengah dari mereka tetap hidup tetapi mengalami cacat secara fisik. Laporan kasus ini menggambarkan penyakit CVA berulang dan kecacatan yang dialami seorang wanita Melayu berusia 69 tahun, seorang pasien di Rumah Sakit Swasta, Kalimantan Barat. Strategi keperawatan untuk dua program latihan rehabilitasi fisik pasca-CVA bagi pasien selama hospitalisasi akan dijelaskan sesuai dengan tahapan pada teori keperawatan. Kata Kunci: aktivitas fisik, CVA berulang, hospitalisasi
Mothers’ Breastfeeding Practices and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Agrina Agrina , Sabrian Febriana , Hasanah Oswati , Erika Erika , Hasneli Yesi
Published: May 2021

This study examined breastfeeding practices and self-efficacy among mothers residing in rural areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 104 mothers via purposeful sampling in a Posyandu (maternal and child health service) in Kampar district, one of the rural areas in Riau, Indonesia. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) was used in the questionnaires to collect data. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis. Majority of the respondents (71.2%) were 20–35 years old; 69.3% of the respondents’ level of education were low (such as junior and senior high school levels). Approximately 91.3% of them were housewives. Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was only 30.8%, with insufficient milk being the most common reasons cited by the mothers as failure to breastfeed exclusively. Porridge and mineral water were the most commonly supplied food given to babies under 6 months among 31.7% and 36.5% mothers, respectively. The respondents faced some breast problems, where 72.1% mothers did not have good breastfeeding skills. Approximately 59.6% mothers had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy than the mean score for BSES-SF, which was 58.58 (11.58 standard deviation [SD]). Mothers’ age was significantly correlated with the BSES among mothers (p < 0.01). Increasing young mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy during the antenatal care period is important to lower these young mothers’ perception of having insufficient milk. Abstrak Praktik Menyusui dan Efikasi Diri Ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang praktik pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) dan efikasi diri ibu menyusui di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional pada 104 ibu yang berkunjung ke Posyandu sebagai tempat pos kesehatan untuk ibu dan anak yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposeful sampling. Alat penggumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES -SF) yang telah valid dan realiabel pada penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis Chi square digunakan pada analisa bivariate. Mayoritas usia responden adalah berada pada rentang 20-35 tahun (71,2%) dengan pendidikan yang terbanyak adalah sekolah menengah pertama dan atas (69,3%). Hampir seluruh responden tidak memiliki pekerjaan diluar rumah (91,3%). Hanya 30,8% ibu memberikan ASI saja dengan alasan utama ASI yang tidak cukup sebagai alasan utama. Sebagai alternatif maka ibu memberikan bubur dan air putih sebagai makanan utama kepada bayi sebelum berusia 6 bulan. Kebanyakan ibu mengalami masalah dalam menyusui dan hanya 27,9% ibu memiliki kemampuan yang tepat dalam menyusui. 59,6% efikasi diri ibu menyusui di atas mean efikasi diri responden (58,58, SD 11,58). Usia ibu signifikan berhubungan dengan efikasi diri ibu menyusui (p< 0,01). Perlu ditingkatkan efikasi diri pada ibu muda selama masa kehamilan agar persepsi ibu tentang kecukupan ASI menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: efikasi diri, ibu, praktik nenyusui
A Secondary Analysis of Peer Support and Family Acceptance Among Homosexual Living with HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy: Quality of Life Perspectives
Authors: Martiana Ina , Waluyo Agung , Yona Sri , Edianto Edianto
Published: May 2021

Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise a population at risk for HIV infection. Assessing the Quality of Life (QOL) in MSM might be different than other populations. This study showed a secondary analysis from our previous research. It was needed to understand whether peer support and family acceptance had an impact on QOL of MSM living with HIV and ART (Antiretroviral Therapy). A total of 175 respondents were involved in this cross-sectional study that was carried out with purposive sampling. The questionnaires were translated to Bahasa and tested for validity and reliability. Data questionnaires completed were analyzed. Results showed that peer support was positively correlated with QOL (p= 0.023; OR= 2.070), and also, family acceptance was significantly related to QOL (p= 0.001; OR= 2.766). Thus, peer support and family acceptance are important factors affecting the well-being and QOL of MSM living with HIV and ART. This finding can be used for the improvement of QOL in people living with HIV. Abstrak  Dukungan Sebaya dan Penerimaan Keluarga terhadap Kualitas Hidup Homoseksual dengan HIV dan Terapi Antiretroviral. Laki-laki yang berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki (LSL) merupakan populasi yang berisiko terinfeksi HIV. Menilai kualitas hidup (QOL) pada LSL mungkin berbeda dari populasi lainnya. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Kami menguji apakah dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga berdampak pada kualitas hidup pada LSL dengan HIV dan ART (terapi antiretroviral). Sebanyak 175 responden dilibatkan dalam studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan melalui purposive sampling. Data kuesioner yang sudah terisi komplit, akan dilakukan analisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sebaya berhubungan positif dengan kualitas hidup (p= 0,023; OR= 2,070) dan juga penerimaan keluarga secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup (p= 0,001; OR= 2,766). Dengan demikian, dukungan sebaya dan penerimaan keluarga merupakan variabel penting yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup LSL yang hidup dengan HIV dan ART. Temuan ini dapat digunakan untuk peningkatan QOL pada orang dengan HIV. Kata Kunci: dukungan sebaya, HIV, kualitas hidup, penerimaan keluarga
A Plethora of Non-Bending Surfaces of Revolution: Classifications and Explicit Parameterizations
Authors: Pulov Vladimir , Mladenov Ivailo M.
Published: May 2021

As the title itself suggests here we are presenting extremely reach two/three parametric families of non-bending rotational surfaces in the three dimensional Euclidean space and provide the necessary details about their natural classifications and explicit parameterizations. Following the changes of the relevant parameters it is possible to trace out the ``evolution'' of these surfaces and even visualize them through their topological transformations. Many, and more deeper questions about their metrical properties, mechanical applications, etc. are left for future explorations.
PIE-1 SUMOylation promotes germline fates and piRNA-dependent silencing in C. elegans
Authors: Kim Heesun , Ding Yue-He , Lu Shan , Zuo Mei-Qing , Tan Wendy , Conte Darryl , Dong Meng-Qiu , Mello Craig C
Published: May 2021

Germlines shape and balance heredity, integrating and regulating information from both parental and foreign sources. Insights into how germlines handle information have come from the study of factors that specify or maintain the germline fate. In early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the CCCH zinc finger protein PIE-1 localizes to the germline where it prevents somatic differentiation programs. Here, we show that PIE-1 also functions in the meiotic ovary where it becomes SUMOylated and engages the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating machinery. Using whole-SUMO-proteome mass spectrometry, we identify HDAC SUMOylation as a target of PIE-1. Our analyses of genetic interactions between pie-1 and SUMO pathway mutants suggest that PIE-1 engages the SUMO machinery both to preserve the germline fate in the embryo and to promote Argonaute-mediated surveillance in the adult germline.
Multi-step vs. single-step resistance evolution under different drugs, pharmacokinetics, and treatment regimens
Authors: Igler Claudia , Rolff Jens , Regoes Roland
Published: May 2021

The success of antimicrobial treatment is threatened by the evolution of drug resistance. Population genetic models are an important tool in mitigating that threat. However, most such models consider resistance emergence via a single mutational step. Here, we assembled experimental evidence that drug resistance evolution follows two patterns: (i) a single mutation, which provides a large resistance benefit, or (ii) multiple mutations, each conferring a small benefit, which combine to yield high-level resistance. Using stochastic modeling, we then investigated the consequences of these two patterns for treatment failure and population diversity under various treatments. We find that resistance evolution is substantially limited if more than two mutations are required and that the extent of this limitation depends on the combination of drug type and pharmacokinetic profile. Further, if multiple mutations are necessary, adaptive treatment, which only suppresses the bacterial population, delays treatment failure due to resistance for a longer time than aggressive treatment, which aims at eradication.
Polymerization of misfolded Z alpha-1 antitrypsin protein lowers CX3CR1 expression in human PBMCs
Authors: Tumpara Srinu , Ballmaier Matthias , Wrenger Sabine , König Mandy , Lehmann Matthias , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Martinez-Delgado Beatriz , Korenbaum Elena , DeLuca David , Jedicke Nils , Welte Tobias , Fromme Malin , Strnad Pavel , Stolk Jan , Janciauskiene Sabina
Published: May 2021

Expression levels of CX3CR1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1) on immune cells have significant importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The factors implicated in the regulation of CX3CR1 and its specific ligand CX3CL1 (fractalkine) expression remain largely unknown. Recent studies provide evidence that host’s misfolded proteins occurring in the forms of polymers or amyloid fibrils can regulate CX3CR1 expression. Herein, a novel example demonstrates that polymers of human ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (Z-AAT) protein, resulting from its conformational misfolding due to the Z (Glu342Lys) mutation in SERPINA1 gene, strongly lower CX3CR1 mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This parallels with increase of intracellular levels of CX3CR1 and Z-AAT proteins. Presented data indicate the involvement of the CX3CR1 pathway in the Z-AAT-related disorders and further support the role of misfolded proteins in CX3CR1 regulation.
Entangled Materialities
Authors: Latva-Somppi Riikka , Mäkelä Maarit , Lindström Kristina , Ståhl Åsa
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses craft and design practices through their impact on the environment. We consider how to act concerning the consequences of the craft and design industry. Also, we reflect on the agency of our field of practice in changing how we perceive the environment. We present three case studies of the European glass industry sites in Sweden, Italy and Finland, where we study contamination of the soil with participatory, speculative and craft methods. Through these cases, we reflect on our role in soil communities and ask how we may act in them with responsibility, hope and care. We conclude by proposing to act locally, to share our practices and make them visible, expanding our situated, personal skills and knowledge towards the political.
Fish skin, a sustainable material used from ancient times to today's fashion
Authors: Rahme Lotta
Published: May 2021

The use of fish skin is an ancient tradition in Arctic societies along rivers, streams and coasts all over the world. Fish skins were regarded as a useful material for parkas, boots, mittens and hats. Today the interest in making use of fish skin, an undeveloped by-product, is on the rise. By using different tanning techniques from cultures around the globe, fish skin has shown great promise as a material for clothing, as well as other products. There is also a desire to be able to tan these skins with environmentally friendly techniques. Today most animal skins are tanned using chromium and other cheap toxic substances, raising question around health and environmental safety. The knowledge of how to use these traditional tanning methods has been preserved by woman from cultures along the Arctic Circle stretching from the Nordic countries to Canada and Japan. In order to keep this knowledge alive for future generations, Sweden has re-introduced the possibility to receive a Master tanner´s title, increasing the incentive and status for those studying these important subjects. This is a report and narrative review of the field, and insights I have acquired over 3 decades; from student to Master Tanner.
Using dialogue to express memories from a meal designer’s gastronomic professional practice
Authors: Östergren Daniel , Eriksson Lars , Jonsson Inger
Published: May 2021

A meal consists of both tangible and intangible dimensions. Menus and photos may be the only documentation from a meal, but experiences are rarely saved beyond memory. The aim of this study is to design a method for documenting intangible aspects of the professional experience of a meal craftsman, based on the memories associated with the files in an archive. By sorting the archive according to a specific process of documentation we managed to revive and document also the intangible aspects of these meals. In order to access the intangible aspects, a version of the Socratic method of dialogue was developed and used. This is exemplified by a case. The dialogues reunited intangible aspects from the memories of the designer, such as motives and drivers, with the tangible archive documents.
Patterned Silk Weaving in Ancient Times
Authors: Eriksen Åse
Published: May 2021

Patterned silks came to Scandinavia as small pieces of reused material, but they were still valuable for the Vikings to have been used as trimmings on their garments. In over a millennium, the weave structure of samitum in these fragments was used in all patterned silk. In the medieval it was displaced in favor for other structures. It has lapsed into obscurity for weavers today. For several reasons the study of these silks has been difficult. The fragments are fragile. They were not made in Norway. Few have mastered this weaving technique.  Is it possible to reconstruct these ancient silks, based on the knowledge gained from studying historical silks and experience acquired from using the structure in modern textiles? This article is about my attempt to do so, and also my reflections of the possible longtime impact on these silks on the weaving tradition in Norway.
An approach to boat documentation
Authors: Leijonhufvud Fredrik
Published: May 2021

In this contribution, I present a methodological approach for the documentation of craft objects, including a comparison of traditional analogue methods and modern digital photogrammetry. From a boat builder’s perspective, I document traditional boats. In my current PhD project, I investigate how documentation of objects, from a craft person´s perspective, can be used to reconstruct craft processes. The case study is on the ‘öka’ from the Stockholm archipelago, a local variation of the Nordic clinker boat tradition. In this contribution, I present the basic structure of my boat documentation work and pinpoint some specific examples from the use of digital methods in comparison with analogue measuring. A good practice of documentation needs to consider both the advantages and the possible shortcomings of digital methods.
Crafting research communication in building history
Authors: Almevik Gunnar , Westin Jonathan
Published: May 2021

This research is presented through an interactive application. A virtual reconstruction based on the remains from a medieval stave church is used as a case study to re-establish the historic building as a tangible place and assemblage. Augmented by virtual reality, the research focuses on the sensuous aspects of the stave church as a whole—where architecture, artefacts, light, and materials interact—through the movements of approaching, entering, and dwelling. The research output is a virtual reconstruction, or a virtual diorama, that “re-members” the stave church elements and re-contextualises contemporaneous religious artefacts that have been dismembered and diffused in various exhibitions and deposits. The contribution in this research is methodological, seeking to test and provide a case to discuss how non-traditional research outcome can be crafted to elicit the sensuous aspects of research and still attend to the rigor of science. We seek to methodologise the digital artefact as a research output but also as a means for testing hypothesis and observing the effects when enacting the environment. The connection to the craft sciences concerns both the empirical material, the wooden stave church as a crafted object, and the exploration of an interactive application as a research output or hermeneutic device in the research process.
High glucose treatment promotes extracellular matrix proteome remodeling in Müller glial cells
Authors: Sagmeister Sandra , Merl-Pham Juliane , Petrera Agnese , Deeg Cornelia A. , Hauck Stefanie M.
Published: May 2021

Background

The underlying pathomechanisms in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to add to the current knowledge about the particular role of retinal Müller glial cells (RMG) in the initial processes of DR.

Methods

Applying a quantitative proteomic workflow, we investigated changes of primary porcine RMG under short term high glucose treatment as well as glycolysis inhibition treatment.

Results

We revealed significant changes in RMG proteome primarily in proteins building the extracellular matrix (ECM) indicating fundamental remodeling processes of ECM as novel rapid response to high glucose treatment. Among others, Osteopontin (SPP1) as well as its interacting integrins were significantly downregulated and organotypic retinal explant culture confirmed the selective loss of SPP1 in RMG upon treatment. Since SPP1 in the retina has been described neuroprotective for photoreceptors and functions against experimentally induced cell swelling, it’s rapid loss under diabetic conditions may point to a direct involvement of RMG to the early neurodegenerative processes driving DR. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015879.
Evaluating Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Livestock Value Chain Actors on Climate Smart Agriculture/Livestock (CSA/L) in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Thongoh Mary W. , Mutembei H. M. , Mburu J. , Kathambi B. E.
Published: May 2021

The livestock sector is a major contributor to food security and is mainly practiced by the rural poor but faces climate related threats. While there are many natural occurrences impacting the average global temperature and consequently livestock production, human activities in the sector continue to be a main contributing factor to climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions. However there has been little attention paid to integration of climate smart initiatives into livestock production and beyond into the value chains especially in ASALs where 80% of livestock production is found. A mixed method approach was used to evaluate KAP (knowledge, attitudes and practices) of the Livestock value chain actors (MSMEs). Linking Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) to MSMEs within the livestock sector value chains is imperative to producers’ engagements within the livestock value chain, reducing climate risks and increasing resilience. The study revealed that actors relate climate change to weather variability, extreme weather conditions and drought and CSA/Livestock as a concept is not well understood; there is a general knowledge of climate change albeit with low understanding on its relationship with livestock, and concern among the value chain actors on the impacts of climate change on productivity and the willingness to take part in actions aimed at protecting the environment and mitigating climate change. There is need to provide context-based CSA technologies, innovation, and management practices (TIMPs) tailored to pastoral livestock production and ASALs value chains, strengthening of peer-to-peer learning and improving extension services to increase awareness, trainings and enhance adoption of CSA since most actors interact with extension officers, and with each other along the chains.
Cotton Imports and GDP of Indonesia- Cointegration Analysis
Authors: Soumya P. , Yeledhalli R. A.
Published: May 2021

The study examines the impact of cotton imports on the real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Indonesia for a period from 1992 to 2018 using ARDL approach and Granger causality analysis. Results of the study indicated that cotton imports have negative effect on economic growth. For every 1% increase in cotton imports the real GDP decreased by 0.107% in the long run. Any disequilibrium in the model is adjusted with a high speed of adjustment of 107.7% in less than a year. Shocks and the trend are adjusted in less than one year. There is no causality between imports of cotton and the real GDP. The study suggested effort should be taken by the government to increase yield of cotton by the use of technology and also a need to initiate farmers to take up cotton farming.
Agronomic Performances and Nutritional Value of C. olitorius in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mariam Kiébré , Nerbewende Sawadogo , Zakaria Kiebre , Boureima Sawadogo , Zakaridja Sawadogo , Mahamadou Sawadogo , Pauline Bationo-Kando
Published: May 2021

Jute mallow (C. olitorius) is a traditional leafy vegetable from Africa and Asia. The richness of its leaves in nutritional elements such a (iron, zinc, potassium and beta carotene) makes it an excellent nutritional supplement for pregnant women and children. It is one of the most important leafy vegetable consumed in Burkina Faso. However, leaf biomass yields remain low and production is still unable to meet the increasing demand. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the agronomic performances of four morphotypes identified during our previous studies. It will be also question to evaluate their biochemical composition and to study the relationship between agronomic and biochemical traits. Four morphotypes were evaluate agronomical according to Fisher block design using 12 quantitative traits. Fresh leaves of each morphotype were then used for determination of beta-carotene content and mineral element content.The results of the study showed great variability in the agronomic performance and biochemical composition of the four morphotypes. The morphotype (SBL1) with green and shiny leaves expressed the best performance in biomass and number of primary branches as well as in nutritional elements such as iron, potassium and beta carotene. This morphotype could be used as a breeding parent in an extension program for the valorization of this leafy vegetable.
Circulating Level of Soluble Leptin Receptor and its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Obese Subjects in Kerala, South India
Authors: Manju K. S. , Leena K. B. , Vijayalekshmi L. , Shenoy K. T.
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Leptin, the peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue is reported to play the central role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Leptin exerts its biological effects through specific receptor molecules present in target tissues. Among the different isoforms of leptin receptor, the Soluble Leptin Receptor (SLR) is the major leptin binding protein seen in circulation which modulates the bioavailability of leptin. Our objectives were to analyse the level of circulating SLR among obese subjects and its association with biomarkers of obesity, serum leptin, insulin and cardiometabolic risk factors in comparison with healthy age and sex matched control subjects.

Methods: About 173 study participants of both genders were selected and grouped as case (n=102) and control (n=71) with a cut off point of BMI 25kg/m2. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated from anthropometric measurements. Leptin, insulin, soluble leptin receptor were estimated in fasting blood samples by sandwich ELISA method. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured by standard enzymatic methods in autoanalyzer. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Comparison between groups was done by independent sample ‘t’ test. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The SLR level was found to be increased in obese group in comparison with control group(P =.001). A significant increase in serum leptin and insulin level was observed in obese group when compared to control (P =.001). Obese group showed more than two fold increase in insulin resistance expressed as HOMA-IR when compared to control subjects (P =.001). But no significant difference in the synthesis of insulin expressed as HOMA-beta between the groups. No significant difference in serum lipoprotein levels was observed between the two groups.

Conclusion: Increased level of circulating soluble leptin receptor has been observed in obese subjects in comparison with control subjects and is associated with hyperleptinemia, hypertension and insulin resistance.
Impact of Activity Therapy on Improving the Self Esteem among Women with Mental Illness
Authors: Choudhary Virendra Singh , Chaudhary Geeta
Published: May 2021

Self-esteem is an important component of psychological health. Much previous research indicates that lowered self-esteem frequently accompanies psychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that low self-esteem is an etiological factor in many psychiatric conditions as well as in suicidal individuals. Self-esteem also plays some role in quality of life for psychiatric patients.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of activity therapy in improving the self-esteem of mentally ill women.

A quantitative, single-group pretest posttest design is adopted and Non- probability convenient sampling technique is used to select the 60 women with mental illness at psychiatric rehabilitation centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Samples were divided in to four groups. In pre test the level of self esteem was assessed by Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Each group should to select in each week and gave the activity intervention. After the intervention the post was conducted.

Demographic variables were analyzed with descriptive (mean, median and standard deviation) and clinical variables were inferential statistics (Chi- square and paired “t” Test).

In this study 70.0% of the women have low self esteem score. After activity therapy intervention 76.7% of them are having normal self esteem score, 23.3% of the women are having low Self-esteem score. Women are gained 26.3% of self esteem.

These study findings concluded that nurse’s role in managing and improving the self esteem is obligatory. Through activity therapy, women with mental illness self-esteem had got improved 26.3% that indicate the effectiveness of activity therapy in improving the self-esteem of the women with mental illness.
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant and Hemagglutination Properties of Chia and Basil Seeds
Authors: Hawaldar Ayesha Saman , Ballal Suhas
Published: May 2021

For many years natural remedies have played a significant part in pharmaceutical biology. Even today, many health organizations depend on the natural products, WHO estimated that more than 80% population depends on the natural remedies. Chia and basil seeds are herbs that contains several beneficial minerals, proteins, vitamins and dietary fibers. They also contain omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids (healthy) as well as the sufficient amount of polyphenols and antioxidants, like caffeic acids, myricetin and others. Current study consists of comparing the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of Chai and basil seeds with the help of various assays. Confirmatory tests to verify the presence of phytolectins in both chia and basil seeds have been done by performing hemagglutination tests. These phytolectins are the proteins that binds to the oilgosaccharides and monosaccharides in the reversible manner. Although further studies are required for isolating and characterizing the phytolectins from the seeds.
Cancer outcomes research—a European challenge: measures of the cancer burden
Authors: Kalager Mette , Adami Hans‐Olov , Lagergren Pernilla , Steindorf Karen , Dickman Paul W.
Published: May 2021

In a mission that aims to improve cancer control throughout Europe, the European Academy of Cancer Sciences has defined two key indicators of progress: within one to two decades, overall cancer‐specific 10‐year survival should reach 75%, and in each country, overall cancer mortality rates should be convincingly declining. To lay the ground for assessment of progress and to promote cancer outcomes research in general, we have reviewed the most common population‐based measures of the cancer burden. We emphasize the complexities and complementary approaches to measure cancer survival and the novel opportunities for improved assessment of quality of life. We propose that: incidence and mortality rates are standardized to the European population; net survival is used as the measure of prognosis but with proper adjustments for confounding when temporal trends in overall cancer survival are assessed; and cancer‐specific quality of life is measured by a combination of existing questionnaires and utilizes emerging communication technologies. We conclude that all measures are important and that a meaningful interpretation also requires a deep understanding of the larger clinical and public health context.
Statistical Analysis of Survey Data
Authors: Ograjenšek Irena
Published: May 2021

After data collection and entry, survey data need to be prepared for analysis and analyzed. The data preparation stage involves three important components: data formatting, data editing, and computation of survey weights. The data analysis stage involves the choice of relevant statistical tools according to the measurement scale properties of survey variables.
Monte Carlo Simulation: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Vats Dootika , Flegal James M. , Jones Galin L.
Published: May 2021

Deciding when to stop a Monte Carlo simulation can be a problem of plenty: getting more simulated data is generally cheap, making it difficult to determine when to terminate simulation. Output analysis aims to address this issue by assessing variability of Monte Carlo estimators and terminating simulation when this variability is small via sequential stopping rules. We present a workflow for implementing sequential stopping rules for classical Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. These are implemented over a variety of examples that highlight some challenges of stopping rules.
Loss‐of‐function variants in Kv11.1 cardiac channels as a biomarker for SUDEP
Authors: Soh Ming S. , Bagnall Richard D. , Bennett Mark F. , Bleakley Lauren E. , Mohamed Syazwan Erlina S. , Phillips A. Marie , Chiam Mathew D. F. , McKenzie Chaseley E. , Hildebrand Michael , Crompton Douglas , Bahlo Melanie , Semsarian Christopher , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Reid Christopher A.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To compare the frequency and impact on the channel function of KCNH2 variants in SUDEP patients with epilepsy controls comprising patients older than 50 years, a group with low SUDEP risk, and establish loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants as predictive biomarkers of SUDEP risk.

Methods

We searched for KCNH2 variants with a minor allele frequency of <5%. Functional analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes was performed for all KCNH2 variants identified.

Results

KCNH2 variants were found in 11.1% (10/90) of SUDEP individuals compared to 6.0% (20/332) of epilepsy controls (p = 0.11). Loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants, defined as causing >20% reduction in maximal amplitude, were observed in 8.9% (8/90) SUDEP patients compared to 3.3% (11/332) epilepsy controls suggesting about threefold enrichment (nominal p = 0.04). KCNH2 variants that did not change channel function occurred at a similar frequency in SUDEP (2.2%; 2/90) and epilepsy control (2.7%; 9/332) cohorts (p > 0.99). Rare KCNH2 variants (<1% allele frequency) associated with greater loss of function and an ~11‐fold enrichment in the SUDEP cohort (nominal p = 0.03). In silico tools were unable to predict the impact of a variant on function highlighting the need for electrophysiological analysis.

Interpretation

These data show that loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants are enriched in SUDEP patients when compared to an epilepsy population older than 50 years, suggesting that cardiac mechanisms contribute to SUDEP risk. We propose that genetic screening in combination with functional analysis can identify loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants that could act as biomarkers of an individual’s SUDEP risk.
Co‐Carbonization of Medium‐ and Low‐Temperature Coal Tar Pitch and Coal‐Based Hydrogenated Diesel Oil Prepare Mesophase Pitch for Needle Coke Precursor
Authors: Tian Yucheng , Huang Ye , Yu Xinli , Gao Feng , Gao Shenghui , Wang Feili , Li Dong , Xu Xian , Cui Louwei , Fan Xiaoyong , Dong Huan , Liu Jie
Published: May 2021

Herein, a better mesophase pitch as precursor for the manufacturing of green needle coke is obtained by a new process, whereas the refined medium‐ and low‐temperature coal tar pitch (RCTP) is obtained by a solvent sedimentation method, and then, it is co‐carbonized with coal‐based hydrogenated diesel oil at 420 °C for 6 h. The mesophase pitch structure is characterized by a polarized light optical microscope, Fourier transform IR (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicate that the aromatic hydrogen content of mesophase pitch gradually increases, as the carbonization temperature increases. Also, the mesophase pitch with aliphatic side chain substitution (CH3 and CH2) is obtained at 420 °C for 2 h, which is conducive for polyaromatic hydrocarbon to the orderly accumulation. It is also a basis for preparing better green needle coke. The polarized light analysis results propose that the mesophase with a wide‐area streamlined structure is obtained at a constant temperature of 420 °C for 6 h, whose temperature and soaking time are lower than that of the high‐temperature coal tar pitch and petroleum pitch for preparing the mesophase pitch. Also, the better direction and order fiber of green needle coke with 53 % fiber are acquired.
Development of a New Tooling Steel (L40) for Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Influence of Particle Size Distribution and Powder Atomization on Mechanical Performance
Authors: Salandre Maxime , Garabedian Stéphane , Gaillard Gilles , Williamson Tom , Joffre Thomas
Published: May 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely used for tooling applications: Complex conformal cooling channels are designed to increase and homogenize the cooling rate of a mold insert. The list of available steel grades in laser powder bed fusion is currently very limited and does not satisfy highly mechanically demanding applications; hard stainless steel metals printable without cracking are lacking. Herein, the influence of the particle size distribution and atomization process on the printability of a new tooling steel tailored for AM (L40) is observed on an EOS M290 printer based on microstructural observations and mechanical testing. Several batches with different powder size distributions of either gas‐ or water‐atomized powder are processed and studied. The aim of using water‐atomized powder is to reduce both the environmental footprint and the cost of the feed material. Dense built parts (other 99% density) are achieved using water‐ and gas‐atomized powders. The hardness is in all cases superior to 50 HRC, which is above the standard requirement for injection molding applications. The ductility of gas‐atomized parts is four times higher than that measured on heat‐treated maraging steel. Water‐atomized samples reach a ductility similar to that of maraging steel.
Nanogel‐Facilitated Protein Intracellular Specific Degradation through Trim‐Away
Authors: Sui Binglin , Wang Mingming , Cheng Chen , Zhang Quanguang , Zhang Jiajia , Fan Daping , Xu Peisheng
Published: May 2021

The recently discovered “Trim‐Away” mechanism opens a new window for fast and selective degradation of endogenous proteins. However, the in vivo and clinical application of this approach is hindered by the requirement of special skills and equipment needed for the intracellular delivery of antibodies. Here, an antibody conjugated polymer nanogel system, nanogel‐facilitated protein intracellular specific degradation (Nano‐ERASER), for intracellular delivery and release of antibody, and degradation of a specific endogenous protein is developed. After being delivered into cells, the antibody is released and forms a complex with its target protein, and subsequently binds to the Fc receptor of Tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21). The resulting complex of target protein/antibody/TRIM21 is then degraded by the proteasome. The efficacy of Nano‐ERASER is validated by depleting GFP protein in a GFP expressing cell line. Furthermore, Nano‐ERASER successfully degrades the coatomer protein complex ζ1, a vital protein for cancer cells, and kills those cells while sparing normal cells. Benefitting from its convenience and targeted delivery merit, Nano‐ERASER technique is promising in providing a reliable tool for endogenous protein function study as well as paves the way for novel antibody‐based Trim‐Away therapeutic modalities for cancer and other diseases.
In Situ Synthesis of Mechanically Robust, Transparent Nanofiber‐Reinforced Hydrogels for Highly Sensitive Multiple Sensing
Authors: Lu Xuyan , Si Yang , Zhang Shichao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: May 2021

Hydrogels that are both highly conductive and mechanically robust have demonstrated great potential in various applications ranging from healthcare to soft robotics; however, the creation of such materials remains an enormous challenge. This study presents an in situ synthesis strategy for developing bioinspired chemically integrated silica‐nanofiber‐reinforced hydrogels (SFRHs) with robust mechanical and electronic performance. The strategy is to synthesize soft hydrogel matrices from acrylamide monomers in the presence of well‐dispersed silica nanofibers and vinyl silane, which generates homogenous SFRHs with innovative interfacial chemical bonds. The resultant SFRHs exhibit excellent mechanical properties including high mechanical strength of 0.3 MPa at a fracture strain of 1400%, high Young's modulus of 0.11 MPa (comparable to human skin), and superelasticity over 1000 tensile cycles without plastic deformation, while maintaining high transmittance (≥83%). In parallel, the SFRHs show enhanced ionic conductivity (3.93 S m−1) and can monitor multiple stimuli (stretching, compressing, and bending) with high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.67) and ultra‐durability (10 000 cycles). This work may shed light on the design and development of tough and stretchable hydrogels for various applications.
Biocompatible and Biodegradable Light‐Emitting Materials and Devices
Authors: Kong Deying , Zhang Kaiyuan , Tian Jingjing , Yin Lan , Sheng Xing
Published: May 2021

Implantable devices with desirable biocompatibility and even degradability are of significant interest to biomedical communities. Biologically safe and resorbable electronic materials and devices have been extensively explored, and numerous biodegradable optical sensors, detectors, and waveguides have also been successfully demonstrated. However, biocompatible and degradable optical emitters, especially electrically driven ones, are relatively underexplored. This article provides an overview on the recent progress in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable light‐emitting materials and devices. First, an introduction on molecular dyes, proteins, and inorganic particles with photoluminescence is provided. Subsequently, material systems with unusual optical properties including sonoluminescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence are highlighted. Finally, electroluminescent materials and device with potential for fully biodegradation are emphasized upon. Upon success, it is envisioned that these biodegradable light‐emitting materials and devices would provide effective and unique capabilities in broad biomedical applications from biological sensing and modulation to clinical diagnostics and therapy.
Polaron Plasma in Equilibrium with Bright Excitons in 2D and 3D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Simbula Angelica , Pau Riccardo , Wang Qingqian , Liu Fang , Sarritzu Valerio , Lai Stefano , Lodde Matteo , Mattana Francesco , Mula Guido , Geddo Lehmann Alessandra , Spanopoulos Ioannis D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Marongiu Daniela , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Rapid advances in perovskite photovoltaics have produced efficient solar cells, with stability and duration improving thanks to variations in materials composition, including the use of layered 2D perovskites. A major reason for the success of perovskite photovoltaics is the presence of free carriers as majority optical excitations in 3D materials at room temperature. On the other hand, the current understanding is that in 2D perovskites or at cryogenic temperatures insulating bound excitons form, which need to be split in solar cells and are not beneficial to photoconversion. Here, a tandem spectroscopy technique that combines ultrafast photoluminescence and differential transmission is applied to demonstrate a plasma of unbound charge carriers in chemical equilibrium with a minority phase of light‐emitting excitons, even in 2D perovskites and at cryogenic temperatures. The underlying photophysics is interpreted as formation of large polarons, charge carriers coupled to lattice deformations, in place of excitons. A conductive polaron plasma foresees novel mechanisms for LEDs and lasers, as well as a prominent role for 2D perovskites in photovoltaics.
Nitrogen calibration strip: An on‐farm tool to further reduce N requirements in cotton on an integrated crop‐livestock rotation system
Authors: Sidhu Sudeep Singh , Wright David L. , George Sheeja , Small Ian
Published: May 2021

In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems, mineral N is the most managed nutrient because of its mobility and therefore optimal use of N is an important goal for sustainable management of cotton. Soil characteristics influence the availability of N for plant growth and therefore spatial variability in soil should be considered for optimal N fertilization. The study was established in a 4‐yr rotation with 2 yr of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) followed by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cotton. A 2‐yr study was conducted to develop zone‐specific in‐season N recommendations based on soil electrical conductivity (EC) variations captured by Veris MSP3. Each year, nitrogen calibration strips (NCS) were established in the cotton quadrant to inform in‐season N fertilization rate decisions. The NCS informed in‐season N rates varied from 34 to 101 kg N ha–1 for two EC zones. In 2019, NCS informed N rate (34 kg N ha–1) was a 50% reduction from the standard N rate of 67 kg ha–1 with no loss in cotton lint yield in zone 1. In zone 2, in‐season N application was reduced to 50 kg N ha–1 from the standard N rate with no loss in cotton lint yield. Nitrogen calibration strips have the potential to be used as an on‐farm tool to assist growers in making optimal in‐season N application decisions.
Parameter estimation for nonlinear systems with multirate measurements and random delays
Authors: Han Ruijing , Salehi Yousef , Huang Biao , Prasad Vinay
Published: May 2021

We present an approach for parameter estimation with multirate measurements, with the slow measurements having variable time delays due to laboratory analysis, and also being functions of all the states during the sample collection. We formulate a particle filter‐based approach under the framework of the expectation maximization algorithm to develop the estimates. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated though a simulation example, a hybrid tank experiment and an industrial case study; in each case, the slow and fast measurements are for the same variable. We show that this approach results in improved parameter estimation when the information from the delayed measurements is fused with the fast measurement information.
The hydrotreatment of n‐C16 over Pt/HPMo/SBA‐15 and the investigation of diffusion effect using a novel W‐P criterion
Authors: Sun Junhao , Mu Chao , Li Yi , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin
Published: May 2021

A series of Pt/HPMo/SBA‐15 catalysts with the pore size as a single variable were prepared to elucidate the internal diffusion effect on the hydrotreatment of n‐C16. A novel model was developed to calculate the Weisz‐Prater number (NW‐P) because the traditional model relies on excessive empirical reference values and affects the accuracy remarkably. The utilization of the internal effectiveness factor, Thiele modulus, and the apparent activities over catalysts with different diffusion capacity gave rise to NW‐P with improved accuracy, which can also be extended to other heterogeneous catalytic systems with macromolecules as reactants. Combining the novel model with the diffusion–reaction kinetic method, a conclusion has been drawn that the formation of m‐i‐C16 is more susceptible to internal diffusion than the consumption of n‐C16. Besides, the pore size should be not less than 10 nm to avoid the step‐limitation of internal diffusion, in the premise of adequate acid sites.