bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive hemodynamic assessment of patients with cardiomyopathies
Authors: Shumkova Monika , Karamfiloff Kiril , Ivanova Raya , Vassilev Dobrin
Published: December 2021

Invasive hemodynamic assessment of cardiac diseases has become an important diagnostic tool in recent decades. Non-invasive methods are the main techniques used to assess cardiac function, due to their wider availability. Cardiac catheterization is useful when there are diagnostic problems that cannot be solved with routine methods. Cardiac catheterization should be individualized according to the specific problems of the patient and based on the results from non-invasive methods. Invasive diagnostics is used in the assessment of patients with various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathies. In this review, we consider the role of cardiac catheterization, its advantages and disadvantages as part of the overall assessment of patients with cardiomyopathies.

 
Hemodynamics in mitral regurgitation – before and after correction with MitraClip
Authors: Petrov Ivo , Polomski Petar , Stankov Zoran
Published: December 2021

Haemodynamic changes in mitral regurgitation underlie triggering of patient’s symptoms and development of heart failure. A number of endovascular methods for the correction of mitral regurgitation successfully counteract pathological hemodynamics and thus manage to improve both the manifestations of heart failure and the patient's symptoms. This article is a review of the physiology of the mitral valve and the changes that occur in the presence of mitral regurgitation. The peculiarities of the hemodynamics of the left atrium in the conditions of mitral regurgitation and after some types of transcatheter treatment – edge-to-edge correction of the valve with Mitraclip and the implantation of an occluder in paraprosthetic mitral regurgitation are considered. The change in left atrial parameters immediately after correction of the defect is of value both for the assessment of immediate procedural success and for the patient's prognosis.
Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Composite Containing TiO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles with an Additional Etching Step for Orthodontic Brackets Bonding to Enamel
Authors: Nikpour Soheil , Saffar Shahroudi Atefe , Saffarpour Aida , Akhavan Azam , Sodagar Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Recently, nanoparticles such as nano-TiO2 have been added to some dental materials for enhancing dental carries prevention due to their antibacterial activity.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength of a self-adhesive composite containing TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles for orthodontic bracket bonding.

Materials and methods: This in vitro, experimental study was done on 70 extracted human premolars divided into 7 groups. Six groups of Vertise Flow self-adhesive composite samples were prepared: without any nanoparticles, with 0.5% and 1% TiO2 nanoparticles, 0.5% and 1% SiO2 nanoparticles, and 1% mixture of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles so that nano-hybrid composites were prepared. Metal brackets were bonded with these samples as well as Transbond XT as the control group. The shear bond strength of the brackets to enamel was measured using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was also determined by a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: The shear bond strength of the groups was significantly different (p=0.000). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the bond strength of Transbond XT group was significantly higher than others (p<0.05), followed by the 1% TiO2 group with significant differences with Vertise Flow and 0.5% TiO2 groups. The lowest value belonged to Vertise Flow with no nanoparticles. The ARI scores was different in the control group (p=0.000).

Conclusions: Adding TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles to Vertise Flow self-adhesive composite not only did not adversely affect its shear bond strength, but also slightly increased it. Overall, the self-adhesive nano-hybrid composite containing TiO2 and/or SiO2 nanoparticles, following an additional etching step would be acceptable for bracket bonding and can be used clinically to benefit from the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles.
A Rare Location of Pseudoaneurysm in Subaortic Ring after Bentall Operation
Authors: Sabzi Feridoun , Heydari Aghigh , Heidari Moghaddam Reza , Asadmobini Atefeh
Published: December 2021

Bentall operation is considered a gold standard of surgery in the treatment of ascending aortic aneurysm. This operation with en-bloc resection of ascending aorta and aortic valve requires aortic valve with two coronary bottoms re-replacements in a prepared composite graft. The four important locations for the pseudoaneurysm include proximal and distal composite graft anastomosis and two coronary bottom sites. However, many complications have been reported with this technique but the most serious complication associated with this operation is defined as pseudoaneurysm. We report an exceedingly rare case of subaortic ring pseudoaneurysm in retro composite graft position enclosed by infected surgical that was used to control bleeding in this location. Dehiscence occurred between the aortic ring and the underlying left ventricular muscle. The aortic ring was separated from the underlying muscle by the high tensile strength of sewing ring sutures. The pseudoaneurysm compressing the left atrium without communicating with any cardiac chamber and presenting with high fever (39°C), chills, a few months after Bentall operation. The patient underwent redo operation and repair of the dehiscence’s site. The 6-month follow-up revealed no recurrence of a pseudoaneurysm. The uniqueness of this case report is related to the site of pseudoaneurysm between the aortic ring and underlying left ventricular muscle that have not been reported in the medical literature so far.
Definition and Classification of Bioceramic Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Zhekov Kostadin , Stefanova Vesela P.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The term “bioceramic” is used in endodontics to describe various products and is often used in general terms for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and other hydroscopic dental cements (HDC), which creates confusion in the terminology.

Aim: The aim of the study is to present a definition and an original classification of bioceramic endodontic sealers.

Materials and methods: A total of 123 articles were found by the PubMed search engine using the key phrase “bioceramic endodontic sealers”. Of these 123 articles, we analyzed 20 articles that contain information about the composition, properties, definition, and classification of bioceramic endodontic sealers.

Results: In accordance with the collected data on the composition and the delivery form of calcium silicate endodontic sealers, we propose a new definition of bioceramic endodontic sealers that clarifies the specificities of these materials. In the new classification they are divided by two criteria: source of calcium silicate and form of delivery. It also contains the particular products’ names in order to aid their usage in the clinical practice. 

Conclusions: The new definition of bioceramic endodontic sealers clears out the confusion in the terminology, which promotes the classification of these products and helps understanding their clinical application.
Weight Gain after Treatment of Thyroid Dysfunction and Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Argatska Antoaneta , Nonchev Boyan
Published: December 2021

Thyroid surgery is generally recommended for malignant conditions and for some benign thyroid disorders. Many patients report weight gain after thyroidectomy especially during the first months following surgery. Studies on patients with Graves’ disease treated either with antithyroid drugs or radioiodine confirm that these patients frequently gain weight after restoration of thyroid function. Other studies have also shown that there is considerable weight gain after thyroidectomy for both nodular goiter and thyroid cancer. Transient hypothyroidism during the postoperative period is often thought to be associated with weight gain after thyroidectomy. The role of a number of adipocytokines and their interaction with the thyroid function has been investigated in the pathogenesis of weight changes. Levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy after thyroidectomy has a different impact on the metabolic parameters independent of TSH levels. The long-term effects of the impaired T3/T4 ratio are not fully understood as there are no sensitive markers to assess the biological response of target organs and tissues. Future studies are needed to identify such parameters, provide new considerations for the treatment of patients after total thyroidectomy, and help determine individual target hormone levels to ensure a sustained euthyroid state.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Haematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Single-Center Study
Authors: Niyazi Denis , Stoeva Temenuga , Atanasova Svilena , Markovska Rumyana , Micheva Ilina
Published: December 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Aspergillus Galactomannan antigen (GM) test for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patient with hematological malignancies, including patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Materials and methods: Between January 2016 and June 2019, ninety patients were tested for GM. A total of 134 blood and 19 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were analyzed using Platelia Aspergillus Ag Enzyme-Immuno Assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The median age of patients was 63 years (range 25–81). Fifty-six patients (62.2%) were male. All patients were allocated into five groups on the basis of their GM results.

Results: A positive GM antigen test was detected in 16 patients (17.7%). Of these, ten had positive serum samples (group I). After re-testing, 1 patient from group I gave a negative result. Five patients with negative serum samples gave positive BAL results (group II). One patient had positive both serum and BAL samples (group III). Fifteen GM positive patients (9 from group I, group II, and III) were categorized as probable IPA. Thirty-six patients (40%) negative for GM (group IV) were considered with a possible IPA. IPA was excluded in 38 patients (42.2%) (group V). Anti-mould therapy was initiated in all 15 patients who were considered to be cases with probable IPA. IPA was the immediate cause of death in 3 cases (25%).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the clinical applicability of the GM test for screening of IPA in high-risk patients with hematological malignancies and HSCT.
Check-list of chromosome numbers of the family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) with new data on Circassina frutis
Authors: Bakhtadze Nana , Chakvetadze Nino , Mumladze Levan , Gabroshvili Nino
Published: December 2021

Chromosome number data on the Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) are summarized and reviewed briefly in the context of the phylogeny of the family. In hygromiids, the haploid chromosome numbers range from 21 to 26. It is supposed that n = 21 is the ancestral chromosome number in the family. The modal haploid number for Hygromiidae is 23. Description of karyotype in terms of chromosome number and morphology of hygromiid land snail Circassina frutis is provided for the first time. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 2n = 46. The karyotype is symmetric and consists of 21 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n = 42m + 4sm (n = 21m + 2sm). The fundamental number (FN) is 92. Chromosomes range in length from 2.53 μm for the smallest pair to 6.00 μm for the largest pair. The total length of chromosomes in diploid complement (TCL) is 170.40 ± 3.22 μm.
A checklist and areography of Buprestidae, Vesperidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park, Italy
Authors: Sakalian Vladimir , Migliaccio Enrico , Tassi Franco , Georgiev Georgi
Published: December 2021

The species of Buprestidae, Vesperidae and Cerambycidae in Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park in Italy were studied based on literature data and original material. As a result, a list of 128 taxa was assembled: 49 buprestids, one vesperid and 78 cerambycids. These taxa belong to 21 areographical categories combined in seven complexes. The European complex occupies a dominant position (39.1%), followed by the Palaearctic (24.2%), Mediterranean (14.1%), Eurosiberian (10.2%), European- Iranoturanian (6.3%), Endemic (3.9%), and Cosmopolitan and Holarctic (2.3%) complexes. The Park has four endemic and one subendemic taxa.
La post-vérité comme inquiétude
Authors: Girel Mathias
Published: December 2021

La post-vérité apparaît en général dans des énoncés exprimant une inquiétude, et c’est sur cette dernière que portera cet article, en s’interrogeant sur son sens. L’inquiétude en question pourrait tout d’abord n’être que l’envers d’un trouble sémantique, en ce que l’expression semble désigner un danger sans que celui-ci soit clairement identifié. On évoquera d’abord cette indétermination, qui pourrait conduire à récuser ce terme (Première section), avant d’examiner trois manières d’en préciser le sens, en envisageant successivement que la post-vérité soit une excroissance du post-modernisme (Deuxième section), l’expression de dispositions à la « foutaise » (Troisième section), ou enfin l’envers d’une « crise de l’attention » (Quatrième section), avant de revenir sur le lien entre post-vérité et confusion (Cinquième section).
Le relativisme en contexte : le cas Rorty
Authors: Tinland Olivier
Published: December 2021

Dans cet article, j’entreprends d’expliciter le contexte discursif dans lequel peut surgir le problème philosophique du relativisme. Pour ce faire, j’ai recours à une étude de cas, celle du « cas Rorty » tel qu’il est apparu à l’occasion de la controverse entre Hilary Putnam et Richard Rorty. Mon objectif est de montrer que le relativisme n’est pas un problème pérenne de l’histoire des idées mais qu’il est inséparable d’un contexte théorique de définition et de justification d’une position philosophique par rapport à une autre, mais aussi d’un ensemble de déplacements et de redescriptions de la position adverse. À ce titre, il ne saurait être considéré comme un « donné » métaphilosophique immuable mais doit faire l’objet d’une approche génétique, en vue de clarifier les engagements philosophiques qui lui confèrent sa consistance théorique et son importance pratique. L’analyse du relativisme suppose donc la mise en œuvre d’une forme de contextualisme métaphilosophique.
Laure et Octavie du Serre Telmon : une longévité de 117 ans à deux
Authors: Depoudent Cyril , Robin-Champigneul François
Published: December 2021

Des actes d’état civil découverts en 2015 indiquaient que Marie Laure du Serre Telmon était décédée en 1977, à l’âge inédit de 117 ans. Au cours d’une enquête de 5 ans, de nombreux documents furent rassemblés sur la vie de « Laure » et sa famille dans le but de vérifier sa longévité. Cette enquête conclut à une usurpation d’identité involontaire et posthume par sa sœur Octavie, qui explique l’existence d’un second acte de décès au nom de Laure, selon un scénario faisant intervenir la tendance d’Octavie à se rajeunir et à arrondir son âge, combinée à un concours de circonstances dû à un contexte géographique et administratif bien particulier. Ainsi, il fut d’abord démontré que, baptisée au Venezuela en 1860, Laure vivait à Paris en 1907 à son divorce. Puis, grâce aux registres de l’Hôpital Charles-Foix d’Ivry-sur-Seine, il put être établi que c’était Octavie, née en Guyane et âgée de 103 ans, qui était décédée à sa place en 1977, initialement sous le nom de « Maria Dussère », âgée de « 99 ans ». Quant au devenir de Laure, sa trace fut retrouvée à Paris dès 1916 : elle y avait vécu avec ses sœurs et son fils cadet Henri Cor, avant de décéder en 1948 à Montmorency, à l’âge de 88 ans.
Huit fois plus de supercentenaires aux Antilles qu’en France métropolitaine
Authors: Vallin Jacques
Published: December 2021

On observe beaucoup plus de supercentenaires en Martinique et en Guadeloupe que dans n’importe quel département de France métropolitaine. La procédure de validation des âges, pourtant au meilleur niveau international, est-elle insuffisante pour les Antilles ? Il faut absolument vérifier. C’est avant tout ce à quoi vise cet article. Mais si un contrôle approfondi des faits confirme ce résultat, comment peut-on expliquer un écart aussi impressionnant ? La théorie des petits nombres n’y suffirait pas. Sans pouvoir encore à ce stade en apporter la preuve j’évoquerai ici l’hypothèse qui me paraît la plus vraisemblable : la sélection de gènes favorables à la longévité consécutive à l’extrême surmortalité infligée hier par l’esclavage aux ancêtres des supercentenaires d’aujourd’hui.
La survie des centenaires belges face à la pandémie du COVID-19
Authors: Poulain Michel , Herm Anne
Published: December 2021

La pandémie liée au COVID-19 est la plus meurtrière qu’ait connue l’Europe depuis celle de la grippe espagnole en 1918. La Belgique a été particulièrement touchée par le virus puisqu’elle affichait le taux d’incidence le plus élevé à l’échelle mondiale pendant toute l’année 2020 avec plus de 20.000 décès attribués au COVID-19. Sur la base de données fournies par STATBEL et SCIENSANO, nous proposons une analyse de la surmortalité pendant les dix premiers dix mois de la pandémie du 1 er  mars au 31 décembre 2020, par comparaison aux années précédentes. Cette analyse montre que ce sont les plus âgés (85+) qui sont les plus touchés par la pandémie. Néanmoins, cette surmortalité diminue pour les personnes très âgées et semble s’estomper pour les centenaires. Il n’y a guère de différence selon le sexe tandis que l’impact négatif souvent mis en exergue de la résidence en maison de repos doit être relativisé. À ce jour, il n’existe pas d’explication qui puisse rendre compte de la meilleure survie des centenaires face au COVID-19. Nous en sommes réduits à émettre des hypothèses qui touchent aux effets de sélection au cours de leur vie séculaire, aux conditions de vie aux bas âges, à l’époque de la fin de la Grande Guerre ou encore, de façon plus spéculative, à l’exposition au virus de la grippe espagnole en 1918.
Le choc de la douleur d’enfantement peut-il se révéler être un organisateur psychique ?
Authors: Sardas Fabienne
Published: December 2021

La douleur est parfois un choc dans une suspension du temps. Ce n’est toutefois pas un trauma lorsque les circonstances entourant le moment de l’évènement s’accompagnent de liens intersubjectifs introduisant pour la parturiente un espace tiers sur lequel prendre appui. Par ailleurs la douleur spécifique de l’accouchement en fait la plupart du temps « un mal joli » reliée au sens de l’avènement. Le registre actif sera cependant déterminant pour que la future mère puisse s’approprier ce temps de passage et en faire un ancrage. Ce travail psychique doit être autant que possible relayé par une narration de l’évènement à un, ou plusieurs interlocuteurs.
À l’épreuve de l’influence
Authors: Vidal-Naquet Pierre
Published: December 2021

Le consentement libre et éclairé s’avère un idéal difficilement accessibles pour des personnes présentant une diminution de leurs capacités cognitives. Que faire alors ? Entre cet idéal, droit fondamental respectant la liberté et le paternalisme imposant une décision, Pierre Vidal-Naquet propose une troisième voie. Elle repose sur l’influence, un art relationnel de la juste mesure, dont il expose plusieurs figures issues de la pratique. « L’euphémisation » consiste à n’éclairer que partiellement pour ne pas inquiéter, moyen terme entre une appropriation complète de l’information et une préservation d’une relation soignante. Nombre de variables méritent d’être prises en compte : la patience de la durée pour apprivoiser, l’essai d’expériences partielles et l’instauration d’une connivence pour compenser la dissymétrie d’une relation de soin et d’aide. Sans doute, convient-il de valoriser la confiance en soi et l’estime de soi, de développer l’autonomie, même jusqu’à envisager les apparences du comme si. Cette troisième voie peut donc s’apparenter parfois à de la tromperie tout en respectant la dignité de la personne. Il en résulte, pour la personne malade, un consentement imposé de façon douce. Elle instaure chez le soignant une « éthique du doute », quand il prend conscience de son pouvoir d’influence, reconnaissance qui le préserve d’un sentiment de toute puissance.
Educational Interventions to Improve Nurses' Competency in Genetics and Genomics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zureigat Basil , Gould Danielle , Seven Memnun
Published: January 2022

Background:

Regardless of profession and area of practice, every health care provider must possess basic knowledge and skills to integrate genetics and genomics into practice. Nurses play a pivotal role in providing health care, and they should be well equipped to apply genetics and genomics to health care settings. This scoping review explored the existing literature of educational interventions to improve nurses' competencies, including knowledge, attitudes, and skills in genetics and genomics.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute method for scoping reviews. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ERIC in March 2021. We included original research studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that reported findings on the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve nurses' competencies in genetics or genomics.

Results:

A total of 17 studies were included in the scoping review. Registered nurses, advanced practice nurses, and nursing faculty were targeted with different types of interventions, including face-to-face education, online/remote education, and written materials.

Conclusion:

Limited research shows that various educational interventions improved the competencies in genetics and genomics among nurses with different degrees and areas of practice. Research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of educational interventions by reliable assessment methods for nurses with appropriate sample sizes.

[J Contin Educ Nurs.
2022;53(1):13–20.]
The Lived Experience of Older Adults Transferring Between Long-Term Care Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth , Doyle Mary , McHugh Sinead , Mello Sarah
Published: January 2022

Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from increased mortality and restrictive public health measures. The current study aims to describe the experiences of residents relocating between LTCFs at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emphasis was placed on residents' sense of home and how the pandemic and ensuing isolation affected their transition. This qualitative study follows the principles of constructivist grounded theory. Seven of 10 residents interviewed had cognitive impairment (mean age = 84 years). Four primary themes were elicited from the interviews focusing on residents' perceptions of their environment and highlights the value placed on privacy and control, the multifaceted feeling of loss during the pandemic, the importance of relationships as a source of comfort and pleasure, and resilience shown by residents in times of hardship. Our study indicates that residents experienced dichotomy and paradox during the pandemic, attempting to strike a balance between isolation and camaraderie, infection risk and mental health, and loss and resilience. The need for familial contact and socialization must be balanced against infection control measures. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(1), 29–33.]
Applying splitting methods with complex coefficients to the numerical integration of unitary problems
Authors: Blanes Sergio , Casas Fernando , Escorihuela-Tomàs Alejandro
Published: December 2021

We explore the applicability of splitting methods involving complex coefficients to solve numerically the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We prove that a particular class of integrators are conjugate to unitary methods for sufficiently small step sizes when applied to problems defined in the group \begin{document}$ \mathrm{SU}(2) $\end{document}. In the general case, the error in both the energy and the norm of the numerical approximation provided by these methods does not possess a secular component over long time intervals, when combined with pseudo-spectral discretization techniques in space.
Multilinear POD-DEIM model reduction for 2D and 3D semilinear systems of differential equations
Authors: Kirsten Gerhard
Published: December 2021

We are interested in the numerical solution of coupled semilinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in two and three dimensions. Under certain assumptions on the domain, we take advantage of the Kronecker structure arising in standard space discretizations of the differential operators and illustrate how the resulting system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be treated directly in matrix or tensor form. Moreover, in the framework of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) we derive a two- and three-sided model order reduction strategy that is applied directly to the ODE system in matrix and tensor form respectively. We discuss how to integrate the reduced order model and, in particular, how to solve the tensor-valued linear system arising at each timestep of a semi-implicit time discretization scheme. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method through a comparison to existing techniques on classical benchmark problems such as the two- and three-dimensional Burgers equation.
Pattern formation on a growing oblate spheroid. an application to adult sea urchin development
Authors: Lacitignola Deborah , Frittelli Massimo , Cusimano Valerio , De Gaetano Andrea
Published: December 2021

In this study, the formation of the adult sea urchin shape is rationalized within the Turing's theory paradigm. The emergence of protrusions from the expanding underlying surface is described through a reaction-diffusion model with Gray-Scott kinetics on a growing oblate spheroid. The case of slow exponential isotropic growth is considered. The model is first studied in terms of the spatially homogenous equilibria and of the bifurcations involved. Turing diffusion-driven instability is shown to occur and the impact of the slow exponential growth on the resulting Turing regions adequately discussed. Numerical investigations validate the theoretical results showing that the combination between an inhibitor and an activator can result in a distribution of spot concentrations that underlies the development of ambulacral tentacles in the sea urchin's adult stage. Our findings pave the way for a model-driven experimentation that could improve the current biological understanding of the gene control networks involved in patterning.
Optimal control of a malaria model with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets
Authors: Tchoumi S. Y. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, ENSAI, University of Ngaoundéré, P. O. Box 455 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon, Kouakep-Tchaptchie Y. , Fotsa-Mbogne D. J. , Kamgang J. C. , Tchuenche J. M. ,   Department of SFTI, EGCIM, University of Ngaoundéré, P. O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon,   School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: December 2021

A deterministic multi-stage malaria model with a non-therapeutic control measure and the effect of loss of immunity due to the use of the Long-Lasting bednets with a control perspective is formulated and analyzed both theoretically and numerically. The model basic reproduction number is derived, and analytical results show that the model's equilibria are locally and globally asymptotically stable when certain threshold conditions are satisfied. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle with respect to a time dependent constant is used to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal usage of the Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated bednets (LLINs) to mitigate the malaria transmission dynamics. This is accomplished by introducing biologically admissible controls and $ \epsilon\% $-approximate sub-optimal controls. Forward-backward fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to numerically solve the optimal control problem. We observe that the disadvantage (loss of immunity, even at its maximum) in the use of bednets is compensated by the benefit of the number of susceptible/infected individuals excluded from the malaria disease dynamics, the only danger being the poor use of the long-lasting bednets. Moreover, it is possible to get closer to the optimal results with a realistic strategy. The results from this study could help public health planners and policy decision-makers to design reachable and more practical malaria prevention programs "close" to the optimal strategy.
In-utero Diagnosis of Double Encephalocele - Imaging Features and Review of Literature
Authors: Shah Chaitali Kantilal , Lee Roland Y , Jeph Sunil
Published: December 2021

Encephalocele is protrusion of brain parenchyma through a defect in the cranium. It is classified into various types based on the defect location: sincipital (fronto-ethmoidal), basal (trans-sphenoidal, spheno-ethmoidal, trans-ethmoidal, and spheno-orbital), occipital and parietal. Double encephaloceles are very rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature and most of these cases involved either occipital or sub-occipital region. All, except one, cases of double encephaloceles were diagnosed postnatally. We present a case of double encephalocele with parietal and occipital components diagnosed in utero. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of double encephalocele involving the parietal and occipital skull bones diagnosed in-utero.
Le site rural de Mezraya (Jerba) de la Protohistoire à l’époque romaine impériale : résultats de la première campagne de fouilles préventives de 2018
Authors: Ben Tahar Sami , von Rummel Philipp , Mukaï Tomoo , Mansel Karin , Möller Heike
Published: January 2022

Le site rural de Mezraya (Jerba), qui a fait l’objet d’une fouille préventive en 2018, a livré une documentation archéologique fort intéressante. La stratigraphie qui y a été établie montre une occupation continue de l’espace de la Protohistoire jusqu’à l’époque romaine. Une étude systématique et détaillée de la céramique a permis de mettre au jour pour la première fois une séquence chrono-culturelle couvrant plus de mille ans. Il s’agirait d’une ferme dont les restes d’amphores et les autres petites trouvailles, telles que les fusaïoles et les pesons des métiers à tisser, témoignent des activités agricoles et artisanales qui y étaient pratiquées, en l’occurrence le textile. Mezraya a commencé à s’ouvrir sur la Méditerranée dès la deuxième moitié du viiie s. av. J.-C., comme le laissent voir les quelques céramiques phéniciennes archaïques qui y étaient recueillies. Après une longue existence, ce site a été complètement abandonné au courant de la première moitié du iiie s. apr. J.-C.
DATA SECURITY — THE NEXT IMPERATIVE IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
Authors: Kaur Harminder , Pahuja Sharavan Kumar
Published: December 2021

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significantly impacted healthcare applications by giving the possibility of monitoring the patient’s physiological parameters using different sensors. The use of WSN and the wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) offers possible solutions for monitoring the health parameters in remote areas. On the other hand, the use of wireless communication medium and information security is the primary concern in WBANs. Because WBANs use the different small sensors placed on the human body to collect the physiological data. They need resource and computational restrictions, thus, building the use of complex and advanced encryption algorithms infeasible. It is essential in the WBAN to monitor and transmit the data to provide reliable and secure communication. Wrong and incomplete information can create difficulties in patient health which can be sometimes more dangerous. This gives the motivation to make such security protocols or algorithms to achieve high security in WBANs. So, the research has been currently focused on reliable communication between the doctor and patient, routing algorithms, and the data’s security by using various new technologies. This paper discusses the different security threats and solutions for designing healthcare applications and routing and layer attacks. Furthermore, the paper has been focused on the Data Distribution Service Models for data security. The paper also includes artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms in healthcare implemented by various companies.
Measures and strength assessment: a Latin American review on swimming athletes
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Moreira Caio Rosas , Aizava Paulo Vitor Suto ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Fiorese Lenamar ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Oliveira Donizete Cícero Xavier de ,   Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro- UFTM
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze how strength is measurement and its use occurs in studies of Latin American magazines with swimming athletes. The review followed PRISMA principles, carrying out the research in Scielo and Lilacs databases, adopting as inclusion criteria: a) studies with swimming athletes samples; b) studies that involved some evaluation of strength in athletes. A total of 87 articles were found, where 23 remained for complete analysis for suit all the criteria. Data analysis will be performed by metassumarization and content analysis. The results indicated the main measuring instrument to evaluate the strength was the dynamometer (isokinetic, isometric, and portable). Two main groups of subjects involved in the studies were identified, being these, the analysis of the strength for a better performance, and the analysis of imbalance muscular strength, especially in the shoulder. The intervention method was little used, demonstrating that the use of parachute during training and strength training outside the pool under an undulatory periodization are both effective in the athlete's performance. It is concluded that the main method of strength assessment in swimming is with the use of dynamometer, swimmers have a shoulder with muscular imbalance and there are few proposals for intervention to improve muscular strength in swimming athletes.
Profile of the physical education teachers of the Federal Institute Sul-Rio-GrandenseProfile of the physical education teachers of the Federal Institute Sul-Rio-Grandense
Authors:   Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Montiel Fabiana Celente , Afonso Mariângela da Rosa , Silva Felipe Fernando Guimarães da , Farias Gelcemar Oliveira , Häfele César Augusto
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the profile of Physical Education (PE) teachers working at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Sul-rio-grandense, identifying sociodemographic data, qualification process and complementary training. A self-administered questionnaire was done with the subjects, and data from the Transparency Portal and from Lattes Curriculum was used. The data was presented based on the distribution of relative frequencies, absolute, and their respective confidence intervals (95%). The statistical program used was the PSPP. Thirty-five teachers participated in the study, and as a result, we consider the years of performance in the institution, 14 of them were in the first years of service, 15 in the intermediate years and six in the final years. The results showed that teachers in the early and intermediate years of work are more involved in research and extension activities, as well as training courses and scientific events. We conclude that despite the teaching requirement that suggest research and extension activities, the working emphasis falls on the teaching activities. We highlight that although the reduced performance in research and extension activities, it is seen as a qualified teaching group that keeps seeking for professional qualification.
Relationship between the factors affecting exercise behavior and physical fitness among university students
Authors:   King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Boonsem Aungkana , Malarat Anan ,   Srinakharinwirot University (SWU), Prachanban Sathin
Published: December 2021

This research used causal research design to study the relationship of the various factors and exercise behaviors affecting the physical fitness of university students based on the PRECEDE FRAMEWORK. The objectives included the following: (1) to compare the personal factors that influenced exercise behavior; (2) to study the relationship between the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors; and exercise behaviors; and (3) to compare the level of exercise behavior affecting physical fitness. The sample group were simple random sampling. This research consisted of the questionnaire and physical fitness test of five items on the Body Mass Index, Sit and Reach, Hand Grip Strength,60 Second Chair Stand and 3-Minute Step Up and Down. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, One-Way ANCOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis, with a statistically significant level of 0.05. The results showed that gender affected exercise practices of university students, and with no impact on knowledge and attitudes, while age affected exercise practice by controlled gender. The predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors in the PRECEDE FRAMEWORK concept had a positive effect on exercise behavior by promoting the exercise behaviors of university students that have been continuously implemented and caused students to change their physical fitness and improve all aspects of its. In addition, exercise behavior of knowledge and attitudes to exercise had no effect on physical fitness, whlie exercise behavior of attitude and the factors of predisposting, enabling and reinforcing affected the practice behavior of male students.
Association of eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness with the nutritional status of students
Authors:   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS, Duarte Junior Miguel Angelo dos Santos , Gaya Adroaldo Cezar Araujo ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Fochesatto Camila Felin ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Pedretti Augusto ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Vian Fernando ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Mota Jorge Augusto Pinto da Silva ,   University of Porto (U.Porto), Gaya Anelise Reis ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to verify whether there is an independent and combined association of eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness with the nutritional status of schoolchildren. This is a cross-sectional study with 171 children (86 boys and 85 girls) aged six to 12 years, from a public school in Porto Alegre – RS. Eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 6-minute running / walking test. The body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated following the protocols proposed by PROESP-BR. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, generalized linear regression models and two-way anova were used. Higher consumption of fruits (β: -1.24; CI: -2.42 -0.06) and lower consumption of sweets (β: -1.56; CI: -2.797 -0.34) are associated with lower mean BMI value. Still, children with adequate levels of APCR had lower values ​​of body mass index (β: - 3.11; CI: -3.93 -2.29). When evaluated in a combined manner, eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness had a greater influence on body mass index values. Therefore, adequate eating habits and satisfactory levels of CRP are associated with an adequate nutritional status.
Is Tobacco Marketing Overpowering Tobacco Control in India?
Authors: Akhtar Shamim , Laldinliana .
Published: December 2021

The tobacco industry has made a gradual move from developed countries to developing countries to expand its market. As part of this trend, tobacco companies in India invest a substantial amount of money in marketing activities. Although the government of India has gradually been increasing restrictions on marketing and sales of tobacco products, the creative and evolving marketing practices of tobacco companies have ensured that such measures have little effect. In this perspective paper, a critical evaluation of marketing practices used by the tobacco industry in India suggests that pro-tobacco marketing is a major hurdle towards bringing effective tobacco control policies and their successful implementation. It is demonstrated that the big tobacco companies in India backed by immense resources have been capable of countering the various legislative provisions for tobacco control in India through creative and manipulative marketing practices.
Vampires! Do they exist? A case of clinical vampirism
Authors: Adicaram D. R. S. , Wijayamunige E. S. , Arambepola S. C. A.
Published: December 2021

Vampirism related to psychiatric disorders has been described under the term, “clinical vampirism”. But it is not incorporated as a diagnostic category the ICD or DSM classification systems. We present a case of a 20-year old single, unemployed male who was referred from a drug rehabilitation center, with poor anger control, impulsive behavior and the urge to drink blood, against a background of multiple substance dependence and a IQ of below average. The patient was diagnosed to have mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple substance use, currently in remission, mild mental retardation and dissocial personality disorder. According to the classic description of clinical vampirism, he was having vampirism, without death being involved. He was treated with both pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies.
A challenging case of transsexualism
Authors: Ginige P. , De Alwis H. K. K. I.
Published: December 2021

A transsexual is an individual who seeks or has undergone a transition to the preferred sex. A 39-yearold man presented expressing the strong desire to change his sex to that of a female. He said he started feeling and behaving like a female and had homosexual relationships with boys at the age of 10-12 years. He had later started a relationship with a woman, and had an open marriage with her. But he reported having no sexual desire towards his wife or his casual male partners, and reported feeling guilty after sexual interactions with both parties. He had stopped sexual activities altogether over the one and half years preceding presentation, reportedly due to lack of desire, and had started taking ethinyl estradiol to become a woman. During this time he had also separated from his wife, because the latter had commenced a committed relationship with a different man. Six months subsequently, he approached healthcare services, seeking help for a sex change. On examination he presented as a pleasant young male, with mild feminine gestures. His wife claimed she was unaware that he was unhappy in his male sex. When the patient was referred for a second opinion, he became verbally abusive. Although this patient fulfilled the criteria for transsexualism, there were also other psycho-social features, such as depression, grief, and personality traits, which extended beyond the stereotypical sexual orientation that determines gender identity. The case exemplifies the complexities and challenges in diagnosing and managing gender dysphoria.
Diabetes and COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Choi Hae Dong , Moon Jun Sung
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is one of the major comorbidities associated with increased risk of mortality and severe clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. Thus, timely and appropriate vaccination is the most effective strategy for mitigating the risk of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes. Recent studies have shown that immune response after vaccination is significant in both diabetes and non-diabetes groups, but slightly lower in patients with diabetes. Inadequate glucose control might impair the immune response. Blood glucose monitoring is required more often than usual for several days after vaccination. If a patient’s blood glucose is not controlled adequately, appropriate management should be provided.
Nutrition Management in Diabetes Patients during COVID-19: The Role of Nutrients in Immunity
Authors: Ahn Hee Jung
Published: December 2021

Diabetes patients are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Therefore, challenges arise concerning how to manage nutrition support to strengthen the immune system in diabetes patients. The purpose of this paper is to review the roles of macronutrients and specific micronutrients such as vitamin D, B12, folate, selenium, and zinc in supporting the immune system and examine the nutritional management method of diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence indicates that adequate amounts of protein, high omega-3 fatty acids, low refined sugars, high fiber content such as whole grains, and micronutrients including vitamin D, Bsub>12, folate, selenium, and zinc impact immune system function in diabetes patients. Consumption of a balanced diet with these nutrients is best to support the immune system in diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interventional Strategies Based on the Types of Family Characteristics for the Diabetes Educator
Authors: Park Mi-Jung
Published: December 2021

Family roles are important consideration in diabetes management. The various psychosocial contexts within families, especially those with a member with diabetes, are very complex and play a key role in comprehensive care. It is important that all diabetes educators are aware of such family characteristics when designing an intervention. Diabetes educators are required to understand diverse types of family characteristics and should be well trained regarding such roles to support families with a diabetic member.
Lived experiences of nursing students regarding learning in large classes and its effects on teaching and learning at the University of Namibia
Authors: Nhokwara Trymore B. , Ashipala Daniel O. , Joel Medusalem H.
Published: December 2021

Background: Whilst the number of students who choose to enrol at institutions of higher education continues to increase, class size remains a challenge. Therefore, institutions of higher education should continuously explore the challenges experienced by students regarding learning in large classes and devise strategies to address such challenges. The experiences of nursing students regarding learning in large classes and its effects on teaching and learning at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and in Namibia are not extensively researched.Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of nursing students regarding learning in large classes and its effects on teaching and learning at the UNAM.Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews to ascertain the experiences of nursing students regarding learning in large classes and its effects on teaching and learning at the UNAM. Fifteen undergraduate nursing students from the Rundu campus participated in the study using a purposive sampling technique.Results: The analysis of data led to the emergence of the following themes namely: negative learning experiences, positive learning experiences and mechanisms for improvement. The findings had a negative effect on participants’ learning outcomes.Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that participants were dissatisfied with the size of their classes as the learning environment was not conducive for teaching and learning.