bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyploidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes
Authors: ODELL T. T. , JACKSON C. W.
Published: October 2019

A commonly held concept of megakaryocyte maturation envisions a coincidence of increases in ploidy (brought about by successive replications of DNA) concomitant with the development of cytoplasmic granulation and other characteristics of mature megakaryocytes. Since certain experimental findings are difficult to reconcile with this concept, particularly labeling studies with 3HTdr, we postulated that the development of polyploidy occurs before cytoplasmic maturation begins. To test this hypothesis, three characteristics of individual megakaryocytes were examined: morphologic stage, ability to incorporate 3HTdr, and amount of DNA in individual cells. The labeling-index determinations confirmed that only young megakaryocytes incorporate 3HTdr. The youngest megakaryocytes recognized included cells of all ploidy values—4, 8, 16, and 32N—demonstrating that the highest ploidy value can be attained without concomitant cytoplasmic maturation. The more mature morphologic stages included cells with 8, 16, and 32N ploidy values, indicating that a megakaryocyte need not reach the highest ploidy value before maturing cytoplasmically. The results support the hypothesis that polyploidy develops before cytoplasmic maturation occurs, and imply that platelet production may occur in cells at several ploidy levels.
Abnormal Fibrinogen in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: RIVERO ISAAC , RITZ NORTON D.
Published: October 2019

An abnormal fibrinogen was demonstrated in the plasma of an eleven year old boy with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during the acute disease and during one clinical relapse nine months later. The altered fibrinogen was antigenically similar to normal fibrinogen but migrated more rapidly toward the cathode. The abnormal fibrinogen was incompletely precipitated by ammonium sulfate or heat, but was clottable by thrombin.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura may be associated with incomplete in vivo defibrination and a circulating partially degraded fibrinogen. A patient with this syndrome is alive and well forty months after treatment with 200 mg. of prednisone daily.
Production of In Vitro Lytic Characteristics of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Erythrocytes in Normal Erythrocytes
Authors: KANN HERBERT E. , MENGEL CHARLES E. , MERIWETHER WILHELM D. , EBBERT LARRY
Published: October 2019

The concept that production of a "perfect" PNH RBC, artificially, might supply information as to the nature of the defect(s) in PNH RBCs was the basis for a study in which normal RBCs were studied after preincubation in concentrated, alkaline solutions of reduced glutathione. These RBCs exhibited the following features of PNH RBCs.

1. Sensitivity to lysis by acidified serum

a. pH optimum identical to that of PNH RBCs

b. complete prevention by prior heating of serum to 56° C for 30 minutes

c. complete prevention by addition of dextran to serum

d. complete prevention by removal of magnesium ion from serum, reversed by re-addition of magnesium ion to serum

2. Positive thrombin lysis test.

3. Positive sucrose lysis test.

4. No agglutination in type-compatible serum.

5. No greater than normal agglutination in serum containing isoantibodies or elevated titers of cold agglutinins, but marked enhancement of lytic sensitivity to these antibodies, identical to that achieved with "natural" PNH cells.

6. Positive Hegglin-Maier test.

7. Decreased acetylcholinesterase activity.

8. Increased lysis and lipid peroxide formation during incubation with hydrogen peroxide.

The broad scope of these similarities permits cautious speculation that some biochemical feature(s) of PNH RBCs may have been produced in normal RBCs, artificially. The mechanism by which reduced glutathione produces the change is uncertain, but may involve either oxidation of membrane lipid or splitting of membrane protein disulfide bonds, or both.
Oxymetholone Therapy in Aplastic Anemia
Authors: ALLEN DONALD M. , FINE MORRIS H. , NECHELES THOMAS F. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM
Published: October 2019

Four consecutive children with acquired aplastic anemia, including one refractory to prolonged testosterone treatment, have responded to the synthetic anabolic drug oxymetholone. Three of these four are now off all medication and have remained well for eighteen to twenty-four months. A fifth child, with constitutional aplastic anemia refractory to testosterone therapy, has also improved while on oxymetholone. Mild virilization was the only side effect noted. Significant improvement in peripheral blood was noted in all five children during the second and third month of treatment. Oxymetholone appears to be a potent bone marrow stimulant.
Anti-γ Globulin Antibodies After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: PRETTY HARRY M. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH , PERKINS HERBERT A. , GERBODE FRANK
Published: October 2019

Sera obtained from one hundred patients before and after open heart surgery and concomitant transfusion were tested for anti-γ globulin, antileukocyte, and antiplatelet antibodies. The sera of 34 patients contained anti-γ globulin antibodies of one or another variety for the first time after the operation. Of eight additional patients who were seropositive before the operation, seven developed anti-γ globulin antibodies of different specificity postoperatively. Gm-specific antibodies were detected after the operation in 14 patients, Gm antibodies of unknown specificity in nine, and anti-antibodies in 18. The anti-antibodies were of the Andressen type in 17 cases and of the Milgrom type in one. Leukoagglutinins were detected postoperatively in 33 patients, and platelet antibodies in three.

Possible explanations for the high incidence of anti-γ globulin antibodies found in this study include (1) the transfusion of many units of blood during a single surgical procedure, (2) an increase in the antigenicity of the gamma globulins due to aggregation or to changes in molecular configuration during extracorporeal circulation, and (3) an optimal interval between antigenic stimulation and collection of blood for testing.
Preliminary Report: Complement-Fixing Antivirus Antibodies in Patients with Leukemia
Authors: MCBEATH SHEILA , HARNDEN D. G.
Published: October 2019

The sera from 100 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or acute leukemia and from 100 matched controls were screened for antibodies against a number of common viral and rickettsial antigens. No over-all depression of immune response to these antigens was noted. For 12 out of 13 antigens, there was good correspondence between patients and controls but a deficiency of leukemic patients with antibodies against adenovirus, though not formally significant, seems worthy of further study.
Effects of Heat on Platelet Structure and Function
Authors: WHITE JAMES G.
Published: October 2019

The destructive effect of heat on platelet function was established by early investigators. Warming platelets to temperatures above 42 C. was found to destroy their clot-retracting capacity. In the present study, electron microscopic observation has been correlated with tests of platelet function to determine the basis of the damaging effect of heat on platelet physiology. Platelets exposed to temperatures above 42 C. for brief periods lose their discoid shape and become irregularly swollen. The granules of heated platelets are transported to the cell centers where they fuse together. Heat-altered platelets do not aggregate in response to ADP or thrombin and will not retract clots.
Polyploidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes
Authors: Odell T. T. , Jackson C. W.
Published: October 2019

In Polypliidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes, by O’Dell and Jackson (Blood 32: No. 1, July, 102-110, 1968), there appeared two typographical errors. Page 103, line 10 should read "The smears were air-dried for at least one hour and then fixed in Carnoy’s fixative (6 parts absolute ethanol: 3 parts chloroform: 1 part glacial acetic acid) for 45 min." Page 108, Table 3, the second row of figures, horizontally, should read "8, 39, 22, 12, 3."
Atypical Autohemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis as a Reflection of Two Cell Populations: Relationship of Cell Lipids to Conditioning by the Spleen
Authors: LANGLEY G. R. , FELDERHOF C. H.
Published: October 2019

Two patients with hereditary spherocytosis had increased autohemolysis not corrected by supplementary glucose, while an affected son of the second patient had a typical autohemolytic response with glucose. Almost one half of the circulating red cells in both patients had markedly increased osmotic fragility. When these were eliminated in vitro, by selective osmotic hemolysis, or in vivo by splenectomy, the autohemolysis response was corrected by glucose. The loss of this large population of extremely fragile cells after splenectomy suggested they were the product of conditioning by the spleen.

In addition to having decreased osmotic resistance, an autohemolysis not corrected by glucose, and a short in vivo survival, these conditioned cells were smaller and had a considerable decrease in cell lipid. After splenectomy, with the loss of the most fragile cell population, cell size and lipid content increased. However in spite of no decrease in cell lipid after splenectomy, osmotic fragility remained abnormal. Increased osmotic fragility may be one of the earliest manifestations of a membrane abnormality in hereditary spherocytosis.
Brief Report: Cloning of Syngeneic Hematopoietic Cells in the Spleens of Mice and Rats Pretreated with Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: SANTOS GEORGE W. , HAGHSHENASS MANSOUR
Published: October 2019

A method is described for the quantitative cloning of syngeneic hematopoietic cells in the spleens of mice or rats pretreated with a combination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the number of nucleated cells injected and the number of macroscopically visible surface spleen colonies counted 7 days later.

Six types of spleen colonies were encountered: megakaryocyte, granulocyte, erythrocyte, erythrocyte variant, mixed and undifferentiated. When compared to the mouse the rat showed an earlier differentiation of cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of megakaryocyte colonies.

This technic produces results, as far as cloning efficiency and morphology of spleen colonies are concerned, similar to those described in the mouse and rat following X-irradiation. The major advantage of the method is its independence from the requirements of x-ray facilities.
Platelet Function in Classic (AHF-Deficiency) Hemophilia: Report of a Case with Defective Platelet Function
Authors: CALL KEREN E. , MULL MARILYN M. , HATHAWAY WILLIAM E.
Published: October 2019

A patient with classic hemophilia (AHF-deficiency) who demonstrated an acquired platelet functional and bleeding time defect concurrently with an AHF inhibitor is described. Possible etiologies for the platelet defect have been proposed and their role in this patient evaluated. Platelet function studies on six other patients with hemophilia A were normal with the exception of defective platelet adhesion to glass in a patient who had been recently transfused.

The combined platelet functional defect and AHF inhibitor found in our patient may be more common than is generally realized. We suggest that any hemophiliac who fails to respond to conventional transfusion therapy should be investigated for both abnormalities.
Relative Affinity of Human Fetal Hemoglobin for Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen
Authors: ENGEL ROLF R. , RODKEY F. LEE , O’NEAL JOHN D. , COLLISON HAROLD A.
Published: October 2019

Human placental blood has a lower relative affinity for CO than adult blood. By correcting for the fraction of hemoglobin A in placental blood it was calculated that hemoglobin F has a relative affinity constant of 172 ± 12 which is approximately 20 per cent less than the K of hemoglobin A.
Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide Equilibria of Human Adult Hemoglobin at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressure
Authors: RODKEY F. LEE , O’NEAL JOHN D. , COLLISON HAROLD A.
Published: October 2019

Adult human hemoglobin has been shown to have an affinity for carbon monoxide 218 times that for oxygen at 37°. There is no change in the relative affinity between pH 6.8 and 8.8. The same value was obtained with whole blood and with concentrated undialyzed hemoglobin solutions. Measurements made at atmospheric pressure were identical with those at increased total pressure up to 21.4 atmospheres absolute. Substitution of helium for nitrogen as inert gas did not alter the value. The relative affinity constant K is increased by 2 per cent by a decrease in temperature of 1° C.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: FINCH STUART C. , HOSHINO TAKASHI , ITOGA TAKASHI , ICHIMARU MICHITO , INGRAM ROLAND H.
Published: October 2019

In Hiroshima and Nagasaki chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare in comparison to the United States. No patient with this disorder was identified among the residents of Hiroshima City during a 20 year period of study. The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Nagasaki City, however, was similar to that for all Japan. There is no evidence that the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in these cities was related to exposure to the atomic detonations of 1945.
Immuno-Electronmicroscopic Studies of Surface Antigens of Blood Elements
Authors: TONIETTI GIORGIO , ANDRES GIUSEPPE A. , ACCINNI LIDIA , PURPURA MARIA , HSU KONRAD C.
Published: October 2019

Tagging, by means of the immunoferritin technic, of autoantibody on the erythrocytes of a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and on cells from a panel of blood of normal individuals of blood group O which have been incubated either with the patient’s serum or eluate from his cells, is described. It was found that: 1) Ferritin-labeled antibody to human IgG was localized on the surface of the patient’s erythrocytes at fairly even intervals. 2) Ferritin-labeled antibody to human IgM, β1C, rat globulin or pure ferritin alone was not bound to the patient’s cells. 3) None of the ferritin-conjugates mentioned in 1) or 2) or pure ferritin was bound to red cells from normal individuals represented in the panel. 4) Only ferritin-conjugated antibody to human IgG was localized, in a similar pattern, on the surface of the normal red cells which had been incubated either with the patient’s serum or the eluate from his cells, whereas none of the conjugates in 2) or pure ferritin was bound to these treated cells.
Treatment of Children with Acute Leukemia by Passive Cyclic Immunization with Autoplasma and Autoleukocytes Operated During the Remission Period
Authors: SKURKOVICH S. V. , MAKHONOVA L. A. , REZNICHENKO F. M. , CHERVONSKIY G. I.
Published: October 2019

The original premise of the recent study is the assumption that under usual conditions, the patient with acute leukemia is immunologically tolerant to his own leukemogenic agent. The antigenic specificity of the leukemogenic factor may change under the influence of drugs (6-mercaptopurine), thus bringing about the possibility of antigenic stimulation. In connection with this it is suggested that the onset of remission in acute leukemia occurs with the participation of humoral and cellular immunologic mechanisms.

We have demonstrated that during remission of acute leukemia, the use of cyclic passive immunization with autoplasma and autoleukocytes obtained at earlier stages of the first complete remission leads to a considerable prolongation of the remission periods.

Administration of plasma and leukocytes (obtained in the remission period) upon the onset of the acute phase is accompanied in some cases by a short-term effect which manifests itself in the improvement of subjective well-feeling, decreased pain, reduced size of lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and in reduction of the "blast" content of the bone marrow. Intracutaneous injection in the remission period of the extract from bone marrow and leukocytes obtained from patients in the acute phase of leukemia produces a positive skin reaction.
Effect on Blood Coagulation of Massive Intravascular Haemolysis
Authors: MANNUCCI P. M. , LOBINA G. F. , CAOCCI L. , DIOGUARDI N.
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out on twenty-eight Sardinian subjects undergoing massive intravascular hemolysis after ingestion or inhalation of fava beans. The patients were all deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase but otherwise hematologically normal when investigated after the acute hemolytic episode.

Prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were found to be shortened in the days following the hemolytic crisis. Marked increase of factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and fibrinogen was also observed, together with a less pronounced rise of factor V. The other clotting factors were within the normal range, and fibrinogen degradation products were not present in serum. The observed rise was found to be generally proportional to the degree of red cell destruction. Progressive normalization of the abnormal parameters followed the recovery from acute hemolysis. These observations are discussed in relation to previous findings and to the occurrence of intravascular coagulation following massive red cell destruction.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Terminating in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: JENKINS DAVID E. , HARTMANN ROBERT C.
Published: October 2019

A 34 year old white female with documented PNH developed acute myeloblastic leukemia. The details of this patient’s clinical course are presented. Two similar cases are described in the same issue of this journal. The significance of these cases with respect to the potential role of marrow injury in the pathogenesis of PNH is discussed.
Infectious Mononucleosis: In Vitro Evidence for Limited Lymphoproliferation
Authors: GLADE PHILIP R. , HIRSHAUT YASHAR , STITES DANIEL P. , CHESSIN LAWRENCE N.
Published: October 2019

The persistence of circulating leukocytes with potential for long-term in vitro proliferation was investigated in patients with heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis. The ability to isolate long-term suspension cultures from peripheral blood with selective technics was a transient phenomenon for each patient studied, disappearing with a return of clinical and laboratory parameters toward the normal state. There was no close correlation between the ability to isolate cell lines and clinical, morphologic, biosynthetic or serologic manifestations of disease.
Meningeal Involvement as First Manifestation of Acute Myeloblastic Transformation in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: KWAAN HAU C. , PIERRE ROBERT V. , LONG DEWEY L.
Published: October 2019

A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia is presented with documented central nervous system myeloblastic transformation, while in hematologic remission. This transformation was confirmed by the demonstration of myeloblasts with the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome in the cerebrospinal fluid. The course of his illness was unusual in that the initial single manifestation of the acute myeloblastic transformation was an acute meningeal leukemia. Intrathecal Methotrexate treatment resulted in a remission for three months, following which general systemic involvement by acute myeloblastic leukemia ocurred.
Traumatic Hemolysis with Hemoglobinuria Due to Ball Variance
Authors: EYSTER ELAINE
Published: October 2019

A patient with an aortic ball valve prosthesis who had traumatic hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and iron deficiency secondary to ball variance has been reported. Hemolysis and urinary iron loss decreased when activity was restricted. A diurnal pattern of urinary iron excretion was observed. This was reversed when the patient was placed on bed rest during the day and ambulated at night. Hemolysis ceased and urinary iron loss slowly subsided after outflow tract obstruction was corrected by replacement of the swollen poppet.
Atypical Immunologic Tolerance in a Human Blood Group Chimera
Authors: STURGEON PHILLIP , MCQUISTON DOROTHY T. , SPARKES ROBERT , SOLOMON JOEL , BARNETT EUGENE V.
Published: October 2019

A blood specimen from a normal male donor was found to have both type A1, MNS and O, Ns cells. Gross physical examination, chromosome analysis, bilateral dermatoglyphic comparisons, blood grouping and secretor studies lead to the conclusion that interfetal transplantation of erythropoietic tissue is the most likely basis for the state of blood chimerism in this individual. Unlike other well-documented examples of human blood group chimerism there is no co-twin. However, a strong history of twinning in the family, a pair of fraternal twins among the sibs and a neonatal history of low birth weight but full maturity indicates that the individual may have been a twin. It is postulated that a co-twin died and was absorbed in early fetal life.

Another unusual feature of the case is the persistence of anti-A isoagglutinins in the type O host despite the A1 transplant. The isoagglutinin reacts at body temperatures with the product in another sib of the A gene responsible for the transplanted A antigen. There is γ-globulin, predominantly γM, on the transplanted cell surfaces, but there is no evidence of accelerated blood production or destruction. Quantitative studies of the transplanted A antigen reveals it to be greatly reduced in potency but qualitatively of type A1; its H is possibly enhanced and qualitatively like that of type O.

Because of the contradictory immunologic features in this case, consideration is given to unusual mechanisms of tolerance which might permit a transplant to survive in the presence of specific antibody. The favored hypothesis is that multivalent binding of iso-antibody molecules to multiple antigenic sites on single red cells is involved. This type of complexing could account for the reduction in antigen strength yet normal red cell survival. The data presented are also consistent with the possibility of biochemical modification of the transplant cell’s antigens. This is indicated not only by attenuation of its A antigen but also by suggestive augmentation of its H antigen. Considerations are given to how such modification could be mediated serologically by host antibody.

To date, central inhibition of erythrocyte isoagglutinin production has been the implied mechanism responsible for transplant compatibility in cases of both bovine and human blood group chimerism. Nevertheless, in this case, whatever the mechanism might be, central inhibition of antibody to at least one of the transplant’s antigens is not operating. Therefore, human blood group chimerism may be achieved by means other than that of classic immunologic tolerance; otherwise A B O antigens would have to be considered as other than transplant antigens.
Virus Induced Aplastic Crisis in Mice
Authors: FIKRIG SENIH M. , BERKOVICH SUMNER
Published: October 2019

Following infection with Coxsackie B4 virus, 2 inbred strains of mice, NZB/B1 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and CBA/T6 without hematologic disorder, developed changes in peripheral blood and in bone marrow similar to those described in aplastic crisis in man. A marked decrease or complete disappearance of reticulocytes from the peripheral blood was associated with a decrease in the total number of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. Both findings were temporary; recovery was spontaneous. The hematologic findings were independent of both age and sex in the CBA/T6 animals. By contrast, in the NZB/B1 strain only females between the ages of 4-8 months developed hematologic abnormalities.

The etiologic relationship that has been established between Coxsackie B4 virus infection and aplastic crisis in the test mice suggests that viral agents may play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of aplastic crisis in man.
Studies on Human Platelet Proteins II. Effect of Thrombin
Authors: GANGULY P.
Published: October 2019

The properties of proteins from blood platelets soluble in 0.2 M tris-HCl, pH 8.2 have been studied and more than one thrombin-sensitive protein detected by gel electrophoresis. The most prominent effect of thrombin is on a protein migrating in the beta-globulin region which shows a diminution in amount and a change in the electrophoretic mobility. This protein has been partially purified. The protein fails to produce a precipitin line against anti-whole serum on immunoelectrophoresis or against anti-fibrinogen in starch gel immunoelectrophoresis. It does not contain fibrin-stabilizing factor, factor V or platelet factor III.
Effect of Altitude on Erythropoiesis
Authors: FAURA JOSE , RAMOS JOSE , REYNAFARJE CESAR , ENGLISH EUGENIA , FINNE PER , FINCH CLEMENT A.
Published: October 2019

Measurements were made to characterize the relationship between erythropoietin output and erythropoiesis in two groups of subjects, one moved from a sea level habitat to high altitude, and the second moved from a high altitude habitat to sea level. In the first group, there was a latent period of 6 hours followed by a rapid increase in erythropoietin, and a secondary fall to a level of approximately twice normal. The increased erythropoietin stimulus was also reflected in a shortened marrow radioiron transit time. In the second group, there was an initial unexplained rise, after which erythropoietin fell within 8 hours to undetectable amounts.

Elevated erythropoietin was associated in Group I with an increased iron uptake within 24 hours of the stimulus, suggesting a direct action of erythropoietin on hemoglobin synthesis by the existing marrow population. Limitation in erythropoiesis to a rate of less than twice normal was tentatively explained by a restricted iron supply. In the second group, marrow activity continued for 3 days despite a marked fall in erythropoietin, indicating that cells in the maturation phase completed their normal development.
Regulation of Iron Entry into Reticulocytes. I. Feedback Inhibitory Effect of Heme on Iron Entry into Reticulocytes and on Heme Synthesis
Authors: PONKA P. , NEUWIRT J.
Published: October 2019

In the presence of hemin 59Fe incorporation into both heme and reticulocytes decreases. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide which inhibits heme synthesis in vitro is shown to increase reticulocyte radioiron uptake.

During inhibition of globin synthesis by cycloheximide, reticulocyte radioiron uptake decreases. This decrease is probably caused by free heme which accumulates in reticulocytes after inhibition of globin synthesis. Simultaneous addition of an inhibitor of heme synthesis—isonicotinic acid hydrazide—to reticulocytes treated by cycloheximide decreases the inhibitory effect of this antibiotic on the iron entry into reticulocytes.

The authors suppose the feedback linkage by which heme regulates iron entry into reticulocytes.
Brief Report: Initial Investigations of the Changes in the Stem Cell Compartment of Murine Bone Marrow During Post-Hypoxic Polycythemia
Authors: HURST J. M. , TURNER M. S. , YOFFEY J. M. , LAJTHA L. G.
Published: October 2019

As assessed by its spleen colony-forming ability, the stem cell content of bone marrow from mice recovering from hypoxia increases with the duration of erythropoietic depression, and is directly proportional to the number of marrow lymphocytes.
Fine Structure of Leukocytes in Infectious Mononucleosis: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Authors: DOUGLAS STEVEN D. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH , GLADE PHILIP R. , CHESSIN LAWRENCE N. , MOSES HAROLD L.
Published: October 2019

The peripheral blood mononuclear cell population in patients with heterophile positive infectious mononucleosis is comprised of small and medium sized lymphocytes, monocytes, increased numbers of lymphoid-plasma (LP) cells, and large lymphocytoid cells with abundant polysomes. Cell-lines derived from these patients contain a spectrum of cells of the lymphoid plasma cell series. These cultures are morphologically indistinguishable from Burkitt lymphoma and leukemic suspension cultures. A large portion of the cells present in these continuous suspension cultures have fine structural features similar to phytomitogen stimulated lymphocytes, and to cells implicated in the immune response.
Brief Report: Selected Aspects of Hodgkin’s Disease in a Whole Community
Authors: MEYTES DINA , MODAN BARUCH
Published: October 2019

All available hospital records of patients with Hodgkin’s Disease, diagnosed in Israel during a 5-year period were reviewed.

A bimodal incidence curve was obtained both for all patients, and for such subcategories as sex and ethnic origin. There was no significant difference in incidence between males and females, nor between various ethnic groups.

The frequency of patients presenting with a generalized disease at diagnosis was relatively higher in males and in older patients of both sexes.

The median survival was 27 months with a considerably better prognosis in younger patients of both sexes and in females younger than 45, as compared to males of the same age group. Lymphocytopenic males had a shorter survival course, but no such pattern was evident among females.
Brief Report: Rapid Differentiation of Polypeptide Chains of Hemoglobin by Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis of Hemolylsates
Authors: UEDA SATOSHI , SCHNEIDER ROSE G.
Published: October 2019

Separation of the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin and identification of an abnormal chain may be achieved in a few hours by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate in barbital buffer pH 8.6, with 6 M urea. The method is applicable to whole hemolysates to which a large amount of 2-mercaptoethanol has been added. It requires minimal preparative work.
The Morphogenesis of Gaucher Cells Investigated by Electron Microscopy
Authors: PENNELLI N. , SCARAVILLI F. , ZACCHELLO F.
Published: October 2019

The ultrastructure of Gaucher cells in the spleen and in the liver from a case of juvenile type of Gaucher’s disease is described. Different types of cytoplasmic bodies are observed in Gaucher cells. These are surrounded by a single smooth membrane and contain tubular or ring-like structures that in the smaller bodies are set in a rather dense substance. Among these structures some erythrophagosomes have been detected. The limiting membrane of larger Gaucher bodies is frequently interrupted and the tubules appear in the extracellular spaces.

These observations support the hypothesis of the extracellular origin of tubular cerebroside material with a continuous production of cerebroside from digested erythrocytes associated with pinocytosis of the cerebroside subsequently liberated from the lysed Gaucher cells.
Red Cell Lipids in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: BRABEC V. , MICHALEC Č. , PALEK J. , KOUT M.
Published: October 2019

The content of total cholesterol, phospholipids and individual phospholipid fractions was examined in red blood cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In the period of increased hemolysis, red cells of patients with this disease with sensitization of the gamma type contained significantly less cholesterol and phospholipids per single cell. The relative distribution of the individual phospholipid fractions remained unchanged.

Patients with this disease with sensitization of the non-gamma type and patients in a remission of the disease did not show any of these changes.
Isolated Defect of Folic Acid Absorption Associated with Mental Retardation and Cerebral Calcification
Authors: LANZKOWSKY PHILIP , ERLANDSON MARION E. , BEZAN ALLAN I.
Published: October 2019

A 19 year old female is described with a clinical syndrome characterized by specific malabsorption of folate from the gut with resultant megaloblastic anemia associated with mental retardation and cerebral calcification. The absorption of fat, xylose, glucose, vitamin A and vitamin B12 and the jejunal biopsy histology were all normal. The patient was unable to absorb folate in its naturally occurring form as pteroylpolyglutamic acid as well as pteroylmono-, pteroyldi-, pteroyltriglutamic acid, N5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid and N5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Folate absorption was not enhanced when pteroylmonoglutamic acid was premixed with normal human duodenal juice, lyophilized calf jejunum or lyophilized calf pancreas. Impairment of normal transport of folic acid from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid was also demonstrated in this patient. Plasma folate clearance was normal and there was no increase in folate antagonists or in folate binding present in the patient’s plasma.
Hematopoiesis and Serum Iron Changes Following Vincristine Sulfate
Authors: NESBIT MARK E. , LOWMAN JAMES T.
Published: October 2019

The hematopoietic effects of both single and repeated intravenous injections of moderate concentrations of Vincristine Sulfate on rabbit erythropoiesis have been presented. A prompt depopulation of erythroid elements results and is almost completed by 48 hours. Following this depression a rapid rebound of erythropoietic activity occurs. Serum iron values reflect these changes in iron utilization. The reproducibility of these extremes in marrow erythropoietic activity allows one to use the Vincristine Sulfate treated rabbit as an experimental model. It will allow us to study the factors which regulate the balance between erythropoiesis and iron kinetics.
Red Cell Iso-Antigens of Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: HIROSE Y. , BALNER H.
Published: October 2019

An attempt was made to identify a number of red cell specificities of Rhesus monkeys. Nearly all iso-antisera used for this study were multi-specific, i.e., contained more than one antibody even after a single absorption with Rhesus erythrocytes. Nevertheless, by using van Rood’s computer program to select sera of similar reactivity pattern, it seemed possible to define, provisionally, a number of red cell specificities. The existence of those specificities as serologically distinguishable units, was made plausible also by a transmissional analysis in Rhesus families.

One of the reagents showed a similar reactivity pattern against erythrocytes (Dextran/BSA agglutination) and leukocytes (lymphocyte-cytotoxicity); absorption of this reagent with pure red cells and white cells suggested that at least some of the antigens recognized by this serum are carried by erythrocytes as well as leukocytes.

Finally, it seemed unlikely that allograft sensitivity can be induced by immunization with pure red cell suspensions: skin grafts obtained from donors positive or negative for the erythrocyte specificities against which recipients were preimmunized, did (with one exception) not show significantly different survival times. These results confirm previous suggestive evidence from this laboratory that red cell iso-antigens of Rhesus monkeys are not likely to be important transplantation antigens.
Role of Copper in Iron Localization in Developing Erythrocytes
Authors: GOODMAN JOSEPH R. , DALLMAN PETER R.
Published: October 2019

The localization of iron in developing erythrocytes of normal and copper-deficient rats was studied by electron microscopy. Lead treatment, by interfering with heme synthesis, resulted in accumulation of iron in mitochondria and vesicles of the developing erythrocyte in normal animals. In similarly treated copper-deficient rats, iron did not accumulate in the mitochondria although it was concentrated in vesicles. The copper-deficient animal, therefore, seems to have an impaired uptake of iron by the mitochondria where it combines with protoporphyrin to form heme, in addition to the previously recognized defect in the release of iron into the circulation from the intestinal mucosa, reticulo-endothelial system and hepatocyte.
Circulating Siderocytes in Human Subjects
Authors: KURTH DORIS , DEISS A. , CARTWRIGHT G. E.
Published: October 2019

The number of circulating erythrocytes containing reticulum and no siderotic granules (R cells), both reticulum and siderotic granules (R-S cells), and siderotic granules and no reticulum (S cells) was determined in 80 normal adults, 7 normal newborns and 486 patients with hematologic disorders.

Few R-S cells (maximum 0.3 per cent) or S cells (maximum 0.2 per cent) were observed in the blood of normal adults. The number of siderocytes as observed in the direct Prussian blue method (direct-total siderocytes) did not exceed 0.7 per cent. R-S cells greater than 1.0 per cent and direct-total siderocytes greater than 2.0 per cent were observed in each of 7 normal newborns.

Among the 486 patients, R-S cells more numerous than 1.0 per cent, S cells greater than 1.0 per cent, or direct-total siderocytes greater than 2.0 per cent were observed only in four conditions. Increases in R-S cells were seen in patients with severe hemolytic anemia and in patients with sideroblastic anemia associated with mild hemolysis. Increases in S cells were seen in splenectomized patients in the absence of hemolysis. Increases both in R-S cells and S cells were seen in patients with splenic atrophy or replacement and in splenectomized patients in the presence of hemolysis.
Immunologic Memory Of Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphocytes
Authors: BRODY JEROME I. , SOLTYS HENRY D.
Published: October 2019

Using the technic of bacterial adherence, in which circumferential adhesion of microorganism to the lymphocyte surface indicates antibody production by this cell, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes reacted differently towards E.coli, a natural, lifelong immunogen, and towards Salmonella, one which is acquired and overtly given when the need arises. Bacterial adherence after cell culture was markedly augmented in terms of numbers of participating organisms and cells when PHA-provoked lymphoblasts, rather than small, unchanged lymphocytes, were incubated with E.coli. In contrast, this type of response either did not occur at all or only in a limited, transient fashion when Salmonella was substituted as the laboratory antigen despite the fact that the PHA-exposed lymphocytes were obtained from donors immunized with Salmonella and had reacted actively with E.coli. This differential antigenic recognition by PHA-induced lymphoblasts in bacterial adherence supports the theory that PHA, under the experimental conditions outlined, acts on cellular organelles which govern the permanency of immunity and reflects differences between the natural and acquired immune state.
Gel Filtration Studies of Serum B12 Binding: An Abnormal Pattern in Patients with Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: LAWRENCE CHRISTINE
Published: October 2019

57CoB12 was added to serum in vitro to study its binding by the three known serum B12-binders in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and in normal controls. Gel filtration through columns of Sephadex G-200 was used to separate the low (beta) and high (alpha1 and beta) molecular weight B12-binding fractions. Electrophoresis on filter paper was used to separate the alpha1- and beta-globulins.

The alpha1-globulin fraction in the serum of B12-deficient patients bound more of the added 57CoB12 than did this fraction in normal serum, presumably because this binder of the serum endogenous vitamin B12 is much less saturated in B12-deficiency. However, the total B12 binding capacity of the alpha1-globulin (for endogenous plus added vitamin B12) was lower in B12-deficient than in normal serum.

The low molecular weight beta-binder bound more added 57CoB12 in B12-deficient than in normal serum, whereas the high molecular weight beta binder had a much lower B12-binding capacity in deficient than in normal serum. These abnormalities were independent of the cause of the vitamin B12 deficiency and disappeared after successful treatment with vitamin B12.
Fatal Transfusion Malaria
Authors: BROOKS MARION H. , BARRY KEVIN G.
Published: October 2019

This report of fatal falciparum malaria emphasizes an unusual but potentially hazardous complication of blood transfusion. To our knowledge this is the first instance of fatal Plasmodium falciparum infection transmitted by this means. The source of infection was an asymptomatic donor who had resided outside an endemic area for more than 30 months. This is the longest interval thus far recorded that falciparum malaria has remained latent before transmission by transfusion.
Electrophoretic Mobility and N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid Content of Human Normal and Leukemic Lymphocytes and Granulocytes
Authors: LICHTMAN MARSHALL A. , WEED ROBERT I.
Published: October 2019

Studies have been conducted to determine the electrophoretic mobility and the N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid (NANA) content of different human leukocyte types. Leukemic granulocytes and lymphocytes do not differ significantly from their normal counterparts in rate of electrophoretic mobility. An absolute comparison between leukemic and normal myeloblasts could not be made; however, populations of leukemic myeloblasts were often similar in mobility to normal immature granulocytes. Immature granulocytes had a significantly higher surface-charge density than PMNGs, and this is due primarily to differences in NANA carboxyl groups contributing to the electro-kinetic surface of the cell. The small lymphocyte has a surface-charge density more similar to that of immature granulocytes and myeloblasts than to that of PMNGs. The surface-dependent behavior of different leukocyte types may be related, in part, to the density or arrangement of NANA molecules at the cell periphery; alternatively, the distribution of surface NANA may be a reflection of other differences in molecular arrangement of the cell membrane which are important in determining functional capacities. Total cellular NANA is greater in the PMNG than the lymphocyte, and this is likely to be a reflection of the larger surface area of external and internal membranes of the PMNG. These data also suggest that the surface area of the PMNG and lymphocyte is not reflected by the assumption of a smooth sphere. Neither total NANA nor neuraminidase-susceptible NANA can be used as an estimate of comparative NANA-dependent surface-charge density which must depend on electrophoretic mobility measurements with and without neuraminidase treatment.
Radiation Sensitivity of Human Bone Marrow Cells Measured by a Cell Culture Method
Authors: SENN J. S. , McCULLOCH E. A.
Published: October 2019

A culture technique for measuring the proliferative capacity of a class of human hemopoietic cells is presented. This method is used to assess the radio-sensitivity of this class of human hemopoietic cells, and to compare them directly to mouse hemopoietic cells tested in the same system. We conclude that the sensitivity of human bone marrow to irradiation as measured directly is of the same order as that predicted on the basis of experiments in mice.
C Group Trisomy in Identical Twins with Acute Leukemia
Authors: HILTON H. B. , LEWIS I. C. , TROWELL HELEN R.
Published: October 2019

Trisomy in the C group of bone marrow chromosomes is described in identical twins with acute myeloblastic leukemia.
The Inhibition of Lymphocyte Blastogenesis By L-Asparaginase
Authors: OHNO R. , HERSH E. M.
Published: October 2019

The effect of the enzyme L-asparaginase on in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis was studied. E.coli L-asparaginase has a reversible inhibitory effect on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or specific antigen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis. Five and one international units (I.U.) L-asparaginase per milliliter of culture media, suppressed lymphocyte blastogenesis almost completely. 0.5 I.U./ml. L-asparaginase showed a significant suppression and 0.1 I.U./ml. showed mild suppression. The effect was not due to direct toxicity of the enzyme, asparagine breakdown products, nor impure products of the enzyme preparation. The lymphocytes freed of L-asparaginase by washing after culture with the enzyme for up to 72 hours had normal responsiveness to PHA. The inhibitory effects of 0.1 I.U./ml. and 0.5 I.U./ml. of L-asparaginase were completely or partially counteracted by simultaneous administration of 2µmole/ml. L-asparagine, respectively. L-glutamine also counteracted the effect of L-asparaginase partially, but to a lesser degree than L-asparagine. Cell-density studies showed that 1 I.U./ml. of L-asparaginase, sufficient to inhibit the lymphocyte blastogenesis almost completely at the cell density of 0.5 x 106 and 1 x 106 lymphocytes, had less effect at higher cell population of 2.5 x 106 and 5 x 106. Lymphocytes once stimulated by PHA were partially resistant to L-asparaginase added during a later phase of the incubation period. The possible mechanism of this inhibition of L-asparaginase on lymphocyte blastogenesis was discussed. It is suggested that depletion of L-asparagine (both exogenous and endogenous) from the culture media would be the probable cause of this inhibitory effect.
Structural Changes in the Deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) Complex of Leukocytes from Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: BOLUND L. , GAHRTON G. , KILLANDER D. , RIGLER R. , WAHREN BRITTA
Published: October 2019

Quantitative microfluorimetric measurements on individual acridine orange (AO) stained cells showed that leukocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) exhibited considerably greater AO binding to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) than leukocytes from healthy persons. The higher binding of AO could not be explained by an increase in the amount of DNP in IM cells but by an increased number of binding sites in DNP accessible to AO. This was the result of structural changes in the DNP complex of the IM cells, possibly due to weakened bonds between the DNA and protein moieties of DNP. The binding of AO to IM leukocytes was highest in the early phase of the disease and usually normalized after recovery. However, an increased AO binding of leukocytes from patients after recovery was frequently observed when these cells were exposed to plasma from patients in the acute phase of IM.
A Macroglobulin with Inhibitory Activity Against Coagulation Factor VIII
Authors: CASTALDI P. A. , PENNY R.
Published: October 2019

Deficiency of coagulation factor VIII occurred in a patient with a monoclonal gamma-M protein and characteristic features of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. The protein, found to contain lambda light chains, had specific activity against normal factor VIII that was reversible by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. Spontaneous correction of the clotting factor deficiency occurred during treatment. It is suggested that the macroglobulin in this patient removed or masked factor VIII by adsorption and that alteration of the protein in vitro by mercaptoethanol and in vivo by treatment removed this capacity.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Increased Dose-Response of Erythropoietin After Stimulation with Erythropoietin
Authors: FOGH JAN
Published: October 2019

The responsiveness to ESF of the erythremic mouse is increased one to four days after a previous stimulation with ESF. The formation of nucleated red cells by the priming ESF stimulation was suppressed either by simultaneous injections of ESF and Actinomycin D, or by giving the priming ESF challenge to erythremic mice shortly after they had been exposed to 400 R. total body irradiation with X-rays. By these techniques it was demonstrated that the presence of nucleated red cells within the erythron is not important for the observed increase in dose response of ESF after ESF stimulation. It was concluded that the recruitment of primitive erythropoietin-responding cells is enhanced by ESF.
Glycogen in Human Blood Platelets. Isolation by Ultracentrifugation and Characteristics of the Isolated Particles
Authors: SCOTT ROBERT B. , STILL W. J. S.
Published: October 2019

Platelet glycogen was studied under various conditions of ultracentrifugation and an isolation procedure devised.

Glycogen could be separated from the majority of soluble protein and cellular particulates by centrifugation into dense sucrose solutions. Minor contaminants were removed by differential centrifugation and detergent treatment. Characteristics of the isolated particles were consistent with the presumed "native" particle (glycosome) as measured by spectrophotometry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and protein: glycogen ratios.