bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlations in parameters of balance between fathers and their adult sons
Authors: Naczk Mariusz , Bezulska Anna , Adach Zdzisław , Celichowski Jan
Published: October 2019

Background : The literature data suggest that balance control is genetically determined, however the data are inconsistent with respect to correlations in balance parameters among adult relatives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify correlations between fathers and their adult sons in chosen balance parameters. Moreover, we tested how the relationships in balance between fathers and their adult sons change following fatigue. Methods: The balance parameters were measured twice: before and immediately after the fatigue procedure (treadmill running to exhaustion) with the pedographic platform in two groups of relatives and correlated for 30 pairs father-adult son.Results: The positive significant correlations were found for parameters describing deflection in the sagittal plane: the average deflection of center of pressure progression (COPP) and average value of COPP velocity in sagittal plane as well as the average value of velocity of COPP, the length of COPP trajectory and the surface area of the trajectory covered by COPP, both before and after the fatigue procedure. Conclusions: In summary, our study found numerous correlations in balance parameters related to deflection in the sagittal plane between fathers and their adult sons. These correlations were not abolished by fatigue. Our results suggest that the ability to maintain balance is influenced by genetics. This conclusion can be useful in many sports in which the ability to maintain balance influence on sports score.
Emergence delirium and intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication in pediatric anesthesia: a retrospective study in plastic surgery
Authors: Palma Alessandra Di , Maldarelli Federica , Cimino Antonietta , Zama Mario , Picardo Sergio Giuseppe
Published: October 2019

Background Dexmedetomidine is widely used in the treatment of emergency delirium (ED) in pediatric patients. However, further evidence on its use in pediatric anesthesia on potential differences in the reduction of ED according to patient’s age and type of anesthesia is required. Moreover, whether dexmedetomidine influences time of discharge from the surgical area remains unclear. We evaluated whether intranasal dexmedetomidine is effective in decreasing the incidence of ED in 106 children who had anesthesia for plastic surgery undergoing general or combined anesthesia at different ages. We also assessed if this drug has an impact on time to discharge from the surgical area. Methods In total, 106 children, aged 2–10 years, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among them, 50 have been premedicated with dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine group); the remaining 56 patients served as controls (control group). The incidence of ED was evaluated according to the use of dexmedetomidine premedication, age and type of anesthesia (general vs combined). The length of anesthesia and duration of staying in the surgical area were also analyzed. Results Three patients who received dexmedetomidine premedication showed ED (6%), compared with 43 patients in the control group (77%; p<0.05). This lower incidence of ED was also present when stratifying patients according to the type of anesthesia or age. No difference between the dexmedetomidine group and control group were reported in timing of discharge from surgical area.Conclusions Premedication with dexmedetomidine is associated with decreased incidence of ED without increasing timing of discharge after surgery, regardless of patients’ age or type of anesthesia. In particular, patients subjected to combined anesthesia report benefit from the use of this molecule.
Meeting the Needs of Gifted Learners Who Just Don’t ‘Fit’: Parent Perspectives
Authors: Ballam Nadine , Sturgess Anne
Published: October 2019

In February 2018, a full-time provider of gifted education opened in New Zealand with its initial cohort of children. This provider catered for learners from ages 1-15 years who did not ‘fit’ in mainstream education settings. This paper reports on a research project that focused on the effectiveness of the learning approach at this school in its inaugural year. Two sources of data informed this research, including semi-structured interviews with parents and learning and support staff, and an analysis of documents related to the philosophy, curriculum, and learning approach. This paper reports on benefits and limitations of the learning approach identified by the parent participants in the study.
Specialist Teachers of the Gifted: Positioning Their Roles in New Zealand
Authors: Riley Tracy
Published: October 2019

In 2019, New Zealand advocates for gifted education created a shared position statement on the roles of specialist teachers of the gifted. The statement acknowledges that all teachers are teachers of the gifted, and require formal and informal learning about giftedness; it also outlines teaching, coordination, advocacy, and leadership roles which are embedded in a set of specialist teacher capabilities. Providing teachers with a continuum of informal and formal learning, from preservice through to advanced postgraduate study and research, is called for to develop a community of gifted education practitioners in New Zealand.
Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater effluent for agricultural irrigation purposes using the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI)
Authors: Alihosseini Seyed Hesam , Torabian Ali , Semiromi Farzam Babaei
Published: October 2019

The issues of freshwater scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas could be reduced via treated municipal wastewater effluent (TMWE). Artificial intelligence methods, especially the fuzzy inference system, have proven their ability in TMWE quality evaluation in complex and uncertain systems. The primary aim of this study was to use a Mamdani fuzzy inference system to present an index for agricultural application based on the Iranian water quality index (IWQI). Since the uncertainties were disregarded in the conventional IWQI, the present study improved this procedure by using fuzzy logic and then the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI) was proposed as a hybrid fuzzy-based index. TMWE samples of the Gheitarie wastewater treatment plant in Tehran city recorded from 2011 to 2017 were taken into consideration for testing the ability of the proposed index. The results of the FEQI showed samples categorized as ‘Excellent’ (21), ‘Good’ (10), ‘Fair’ (4), and ‘Marginal’ (1) for the warm seasons, and for the cool seasons, the samples categorized as ‘Excellent’, ‘Good’ and ‘Fair’ were 17, 18 and 1, respectively. Generally, a comparison between the IWQI and proposed model results revealed the FEQI's superiority in TMWE quality assessment.
Bank Credit, Trade Credit, and Profit: Evidence from Agricultural Firms in Vietnam
Authors: Ninh Le Khuong , Anh Bui Tuan , Tu Phan Anh
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the relationships between bank credit and trade credit with profit of 130 agricultural firms listed on Vietnam’s stock exchanges in the period of 2008-2014. Using the GMM approach, the paper reveals inverted-U shaped (?) relationships between bank credit and trade credit with profit. Specifically, the optimal threshold of bank credit and trade credit to total assets of the firms are 0.4173 and 0.2425, respectively. The findings mean that if the ratio of bank credit to total assets exceeds the benchmark of 0.4173, firms should consider restructuring debts to get them back to the benchmark. To do so, firms should withdraw from those business fields that are not of profession, in addition to liquiditizing unused assets to repay debts and not using short-term credit to invest in long-term projects. Firms may use of trade credit wisely when other sources of finance are lacking. In concrete, firms can increase trade credit use if the ratio of trade credit to total assets is below 0.2425. Yet, if this ratio goes beyond this benchmark, firms should get its back to this benchmark, e.g., keeping a suitable amount of inventory.
Personality Traits and Translation Quality: An Investigation of the Relationship in Iran Context
Authors: Tavajoh Zohreh , Yaqubi Mojde
Published: October 2019

Different translators with different personality traits make variant decisions in their translations. In this study, the effect of personality traits of Iranian translators on their performance quality was explored from a psychological perspective. In the first step, the BFI Test (Big Five-Factor Inventory) was administered to the 30 MA translation students in Tehran Islamic Azad University. In the second step, the researcher distributed two different English source texts among the participants for the purpose of translation. Having finished the task of translating, the target texts produced by the students were assessed to investigate the correlation between personality traits and the quality of the translation. Hence, three instructors of translation were recruited to evaluate the translations and correspondingly score them on the basis of Farahzad’s (1992). The analysis of the acquired results proved both of the hypotheses of the study. First, there was a positive relationship between personality traits and translators? performance quality in different text types and also, Psychological model of translators’ personality had a significant effect on assessing the translated works.
CURCUMIN IN ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS: AN UPDATE
Authors: Rai Arpita , Kumar Ansul , Hasan Shamimul , Saeed Shazina
Published: October 2019

The phytopharmaceutical curcumin - the Indian golden spice has been widely researched for its pharmaceutical properties. It exhibits a big promise as a therapeutic agent due to its properties such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic activity, anticarcinogenic activity, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic activity, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal and is currently in human trials for a variety of conditions. The applications of curcumin in dentistry include its use as pit and fissure sealant, dental plaque detection system, subgingival irrigant, and intracanal medicament. The aim of the present paper is to review the current literature for the use of curcumin in oral mucosal lesions. A thorough review of the existing literature encompassing PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Google scholar was made using the keywords curcumin, turmeric, oral, mucosal, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral lichen planus (OLP), aphthous, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), leukoplakia, mucositis, reverse smoking, tobacco-associated lesions, and premalignant. No filters in relation to language or publication year were used and only in vivo studies on humans were selected. Reference lists of retrieved journal articles were searched for publications missed during the primary search. Finally, the Google search engine was used to do a comprehensive search of the World Wide Web to ensure completeness of the search. The review of the literature revealed evidence of the use of curcumin in tobacco-associated conditions of the oral cavity-OSMF, oral leukoplakia, oral lesions associated with reverse smoking and ulcerative conditions of the oral cavity- OLP, RAS, and oral mucositis has been studied. Curcumin provides the basis for a simple, safe, acceptable, and cost-effective intervention for oral mucosal disorders.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE AND ZINC OXIDE/CADMIUM SULFIDE NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: JASIM MAKKAWI ALI JABBAR , AYSA NOOR HADI , G GASSIM FATTIMA-ALZAHRA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO/cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs were active index against five human tumor cell lines, namely hepatocellular carcinoma, mammary gland (MCF-7), epidermoid carcinoma (HEP2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD).

Methods: ZnO and ZnO/CdS NPs were synthesized using zinc acetate dihydrate and oxalic acid. The samples are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Results: The results were indicated that these NPs can be used to made drug delivery system depending on ZnO and ZnO/CdS nanocomposites for its potential role in enhancing the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin as well as work on reducing side effects.

Conclusions: ZnO and ZnO/CdS nanocomposites can be used anticancer for five human tumor cells.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ECLIPTA ALBA L.
Authors: M Thenmozhi , M JAYANTHI
Published: October 2019

Objective: Earlier various studies on pharmacological and therapeutic properties of Eclipta alba L. have been reported. The present investigation is on phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of E. alba L. using different solvent extracts.

Method: The shade-dried and grounded E. alba L. plant materials were treated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water (aqueous) solvents. The extracted residue was then dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and further used for phytochemical screening and antioxidant studies.

Results: E. alba L. on different solvent extract, the extractive yield was higher in methanol (14.22±0.99% w/w). The phytochemical screening analysis showed high number of secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract compared to other solvent studied. The metabolite flavonoids, phenols, and tannins are likely to be antioxidant potential compound. Hence, further, the total flavonoid content determination showed high of 0.875±0.020 μg/g in methanol extract. Further antioxidant property of E. alba L. was studied by method such as1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and superoxide dismutase activity which showed high antioxidant potency with IC50 values of 62.76±0.63 μg/ml, 96.24±0.34 μg/ml, 72.29±0.61 μg/ml, and 108.40±0.52 μg/ml, respectively, in the petroleum ether extract.

Conclusion: From the present study, the substantiate result of antioxidant studies has been obtained from petroleum ether extract . Furthermore the extractive value and flavonoid content was observed to be high in methanol extract. The antioxidant potency of E. alba L. was found to be high in petroleum ether extract compared to other solvent studied.
FALSE DIAGNOSIS IS A THREAT - A CASE STUDY
Authors: RP JAYASWAL
Published: October 2019

Objective: To explore the possibility of false diagnosis and threat to health.
Methods: In  the  present  study,  a  case  history  of  23-year–old  lactating  woman  was  taken.  Seventy-two  test  parameters  were  examined  at  SRL  Lab Gurugram and Thyrocare Mumbai on alternative days from different location under variable climatic and family environment.
Results: The tests report of SRL lab was abnormal in range in compare to the reports of Thyrocare Lab.
Conclusion: The present study is expected to attract the attention of people who may be in the position of acquiring health services. In such approach,  incidence  of  false-positive  laboratory  reports  either  due  to  technical  errors  or  patient  own  conditions  is  thought  to  misguide  a  clinician  who  may  prescribe wrong medicines to the patient. This type of mistake may invite unwanted and life-threatening threats to the patients’ body if inappropriate  or wrong drugs are given to the patient. Through this study, it is now suggested to be cautious and should verify before taking any drugs suggested by  clinicians.  Once  a  diagnosis  is  confirmed  and  considered  repeatedly,  the  development  of  adverse  health  effects due  to  unwanted  drugs  can  be minimized.
Keywords: Diagnosis, Treatment, Drugs, Laboratory reports.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF CUCURBITA PEPO VAR. FASTIGATA SEED EXTRACTS
Authors: RS SONI ROSHNI , BALI MANOJ
Published: October 2019

Objective: The current study aims to study the antioxidant and antimicrobial and antifungal potential of the methanolic extract of Cucurbita pepo var. fastigata seeds (MECS).

Methods: Extraction of the seeds has been carried out with solvents of increasing polarity (chloroform, acetone, and methanol) and the phytochemical study of the methanolic extract have been carried out using standard methods. The free radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was evaluated by DPPH and H2O2 methods. Standard disk diffusion method was used to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Results: Phytochemical evaluation showed the maximum presence of triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins and small amount of Coumarins. Methanolic extract revealed momentous antioxidant activity as compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extract. Hence, methanolic extract of C. pepo. seeds (MECS) at a dose level of 100, 200 and 300 μg/ml was evaluated for antioxidant potential. Maximum free radical scavenging activity of methanolic seed extract of cucurbita pepo var. fastigata has been found at a dose of 300 μg/ml to be 63±0.16 % by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl model and at a value of 78% at 300 μg/ml with H2O2 model. Methanolic extract also showed the presence of antibacterial activity.

Conclusion: Presence of phytochemicals in the methanolic extract is responsible for the antioxidant potential. Extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity using the standard disc diffusion assay method against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for the antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The seed extract showed the presence of antibacterial activity, but the antifungal activity was found to be absent in the extract.
ANTI-HELICOBACTER PYLORI ACTIVITY AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA L.
Authors: W KAPFO , JB CHAUHAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main goals of the study were to isolate oligosaccharide as a secondary metabolite from indigenous fruit, Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit), and analyze its anti-Helicobacter pylori and immunostimulatory potential.

Methods: The oligosaccharide (S3W) isolated using adsorption chromatography was partially characterized using tandem mass spectrometry in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/electron spray ionization (APCI/ESI) positive and negative mode and nuclear magnetic resonance. The use of microtiter well method determined anti-H. pylori activity in the form of percentage inhibition of microbial growth, while the determination of the immunostimulatory potential of S3W implemented a protection of DNA, buccal cells, and macrophages against damage by oxidant and N-nitroso-N- methylurea (MNU) and percentage splenocyte proliferative potential.

Results: S3W was a (1→2) β-heptaglucosaccharide with (4→6) α-branching at every second residue. APCI/ESI-positive mode showed B and A fragmentation patterns, while the negative mode showed abundance of A and C fragments. Anomeric hydrogen displayed integration values at 4.8 and 4.2 ppm indicating the presence of α-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose. The compound protected DNA from oxidant-induced fragmentation. It expressed anti-H. pyloric activity with an IC50 value of 10.71 μg/ml. At 20 μg/ml, S3W protected buccal cells and macrophages significantly from damage due to oxidants and MNU carcinogens, while >50% splenocyte proliferation was induced as compared to that of an untreated control group.

Conclusion: Our studies constitute the first report on the significant immunostimulatory activity of the oligosaccharide isolated from star fruit. The study, thus, supports its application as a therapeutic potential in curbing gastric diseases caused by H. pylori.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A CONSEQUENCE OF IMPAIRED MITOPHAGY?
Authors: SHARMA VIVEK
Published: October 2019

Neurodegenerative disorders involve complexities of the pathologies, characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal viability, leading to severe physical and cognitive impairments in affected patients. These disorders although may differ in clinical outcomes yet they share common features such as aggregation of neurotoxic metabolites and perturbed cellular and neuronal homeostasis. Mitochondrion is an indispensable organelle for neuronal survival, and its role and place have become critical in research arena of aging and neurodegenaration. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been linked to normal aging and multiple age-related disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Survival and proper function of mitochondria depend on several attributes that include mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion and fission. Mitophagy is an utmost requirement for degradation and removal of damaged mitochondria where the target mitochondria are identified by the autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Mitophagy plays important roles in mitochondrial homeostasis, neuroprotection, and resistance to neurodegeneration. AD besides other characteristic features involves mitochondrial dysfunctional, bioenergetic deficit, and altered mitophagy. The autophagy/lysosome pathway that removes damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) is compromised in AD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that contribute to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits by triggering Aβ and Tau accumulation through increases in oxidative damage and cellular energy deficits. The present work reviews the various implications of mitophagy in relevance to the pathology of AD.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VAGINAL CONE THERAPY ON URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG WOMEN IN SAVEETHA MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL, THANDALAM, CHENNAI
Authors: J JAGADEESWARI , S KALABARATHI , P MANGALAGOWRI
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present aims to assess the level of urinary incontinence in experimental and control group, to assess the effectiveness of vaginal cone therapy on urinary incontinence in experimental group and control group and to associate the post-test level of urinary incontinence with the selected demographic variables among women in the experimental group.

Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental research design was conducted among 60 women with urinary incontinence. Convenience sampling technique was used. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographical data and level of urinary incontinence among women was assessed by urinary incontinence diagnosis questionnaire.

Results: Among 60 samples in experimental group 26 women had a moderate level of urinary incontinence, and 4 women had slight urinary incontinence whereas in control group 24 women had moderate level of urinary incontinence and 6 women had slight urinary incontinence. The study results show significant improvement in level of urinary incontinence among experimental group than the control group after the intervention at the level of p<0.05. This reveals that vaginal cone therapy is highly significant in the experimental group because pelvic muscle strength had improved and allows the patient to increase the physiological consciousness and promotes the muscle tone after the use of a vaginal cone.

Conclusion: This study proves that vaginal cone therapy is the effective non-pharmacological method, cost-effective method and had no side effects which can be used to treat female urinary incontinence.
SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS, GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA STEMS, AND ITS ANTI-METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ACTIVITY
Authors: KALUGENDO ELISA , P KOUSALYA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNO3) using Moringa Oleifera seeds and Glycyrrhiza glabra stems.

Methods: The synthesized AgNO3 were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by agar well diffusion method. AgNO3 were produced from silver nitrate using M. oleifera seeds and G. glabra stems.

Results: AgNO3 were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy at a wavelength of 400–460 nm. AgNO3 from G. glabra stems showed high anti- MRSA activity with 32 mm zone of inhibition, and M. oleifera seed extract showed 30 mm inhibition zone of inhibition against MRSA.

Conclusion: The biologically synthesized AgNO3 can be used against MRSA.
A STUDY OF METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND FORCED DEGRADATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF CABOZANTINIB AND NIVOLUMAB IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC
Authors: K GOPINATH , M YANADIRAO , Y PAVANI , RAO M SUBBA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present paper describes a simple, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of cabozantinib (CZT) and nivolumab (NVM) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Luna C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). Mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v, flow rate 1.0 ml/min, and ultraviolet detection at 222 nm.

Results: The proposed method shows a good linearity in the concentration range of 20–300 μg/ml for CZT and 5–75 μg/ml for NVM under optimized conditions. Precision and recovery study results are in between 98 and 102%. In the entire robustness conditions, percentage relative standard deviation is <2.0%. Degradation has minimum effect in stress condition and solutions are stable up to 24 h.

Conclusion: This method is validated for different parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, robustness, and forced degradation study were determined according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2B guidelines. All the parameters of validation were found to be within the acceptance range of ICH guidelines. Since there is no HPLC method reported in the literature for the estimation of CZT and NVM in pharmaceutical dosage forms, there is a need to develop quantitative methods under different conditions to achieve improvement in sensitivity, selectivity, etc.

The author declares the interest to develop a validation and forced degradation for simultaneous quantification of CZT and NVM.
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AGAINST ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME FOR POTENTIAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE INHIBITORS
Authors: LOBO C ZOZIMUS DIVYA , MOHAMED A SYED , SHANMUGAM GNANENDRA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive activity of heterocyclic compounds against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) through molecular docking studies.

Methods: The X-ray crystal three-dimensional (3D) structure of human ACE complexed with lisinopril (PDB ID: 1O86) was retrieved from protein databank. The two-dimensional structures of 10 selected heterocyclic compounds were drawn in ACD-Chemsketch and converted into 3D structures. The 3D structures of compounds were virtually screened in the binding pockets of ACE using FlexX docking program. Further, the chemical entities revealing the molecular electronic structures of the best docked compound (Compound-4) were explored through density functional theory studies.

Results: The Compound-4 showed the highest docking score of −26.6290 kJ/mol with ACE. The Hbond and non-bonded interactions are favored by phenylalanine, leucine, and arginine. The energy gap of 1.60 eV between highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals explained the presence of strong electron-acceptor group. Furthermore, the molecular electrostatic potential studies clearly envisaged the requirement of electropositive and electronegative groups are crucial for the ACE inhibitor activities.

Conclusion: The identification of good ACE inhibitors requires the understanding of the current ACE inhibitors. Thus, the docking interactions of Compound-4 and its molecular electronic structure significantly imply its potential as antihypertensive agent. However, further clinical studies are required to ascertain its potential toxic effects.
CYTO-DEPRESSIVE POTENTIAL OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM, PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND THEIR BINARY COMBINATIONS AGAINST MERISTEMATIC CELLS OF ALLIUM CEPA L.
Authors: UDDIN PK MOYEN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The current study is designed to evaluate the cyto-depressive effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and their binary amalgams (GL+PO) on meristematic cells of Allium cepa L.

Methods: Experiments were assessed by utilizing A. cepa bioassay.

Results: Onion knobs were exposed to 500 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL, and 2000 μg/mL groupings of the concentrates for naturally visible and minute examination. The concentrates essentially repressed the root development of A. cepa L. contrasted with the control in a period of treatment and concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, photomicrographs revealed chromosomal aberrations extending from c-mitosis, stickiness, and bridges in the root tip meristematic cells of A. cepa. All mushroom extracts demonstrated remarkable cyto-depressive impacts on meristematic cells of A. cepa L. with some changeability.

Conclusion: In view of the results come out, GL and PO could be considered as potential sources of anticancer mixes. Notwithstanding, additionally thinks about are essential for disengagement and portrayal of the bioactive mixes and more examination on their pharmacological properties is required. It is first report in Bangladesh where we studied cyto-depressive role of edible mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PO).
SOLID DISPERSION - A NOVEL APPROACH FOR BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUGS IN SOLID ORAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: GUNTAKA PURNACHANDRA REDDY , LANKALAPALLI SRINIVAS
Published: October 2019

Enhancement of the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is a challenging task in drug development. Currently 40% of new chemical entities are discovered as poorly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersion is one of the best technology for improving solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. Solid dispersion techniques are more useful for enhancing drug solubility for a combination of drug and inert carrier to improve wettability, reduced particle size, and converting amorphous particles. This article reviews various advantages, methods of solid dispersions, carriers used in solid dispersion, characterization, and marketed products.
DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF SELEGILINE BIONANOSUSPENSIONS USING BUCHANANIA LANZAN AS BIOSTABILIZER
Authors: TYAGI YOGITA , MADHAV N. V. SATHEESH
Published: October 2019

Objective: Development and evaluation of selegiline-loaded bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer which was isolated from seeds of Buchanania lanzan (Chironji), used as biostabilizer and compared with standard polymer.

Methods: The selegiline-loaded bio-nanosuspensions were prepared using novel biopolymer and standard stabilizer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) by sonication solvent evaporation method with different ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH stability studies, percentage entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, and stability studies.

Results: The prepared selegiline bio-nanosuspensions were subjected to the best formulation based on comparison of above-mentioned evaluation parameters, so Fb2 (2%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2=0.9842, T50% of 32 h and T80% of 70 h, respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas-Korsmeyer with Fickian diffusion (Higuchi matrix) as the mechanism of drug release, and Fs5 (5%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2=0.9564, T50% of 25 h and T80% of 60 h, respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas-Korsmeyer with Fickian diffusion (Higuchi matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. The biopolymer provided excellent stability for the formulation and resulting particle size for the best formulation was found to be 360 nm. The best formulation was found to be polydispersity index of 0.43 with zeta potential of −5.12 mV.

Conclusion: The prepared bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer were found to be safe and compatible with the novel drug delivery for the treatment of depression in comparison of standard polymer.
SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF SACRAL POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA WITH GANGLION IMPAR BLOCK - A CASE REPORT
Authors: S PARTHASARATHY , BATCHA S ANWAR
Published: October 2019

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common and important complications of severe varicella-zoster infection, especially occurring in 20% of the elderly patients. A 59-year-old female presented with pain in the right sacral region for the past 3 months. The pain was preceded by herpes zoster. She was diagnosed as a case of Sacral PHN. We administered paramedian approach of ganglion impar block with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 8 mg dexamethasone which resulted in immediate adequate pain relief. On follow-up after 8 weeks, the pain score continued to be less with 3/10. No complications were encountered. There was no sensory loss. We conclude that ganglion impar block with a combination of local anesthetic and steroid is a viable treatment option for sacral PHN.
ALLOPURINOL-INDUCED STEVENS–JOHNSON SYNDROME AND TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: CHHABRA MANIK , GAUR ANKIT
Published: October 2019

Allopurinol is used for the treatment of gout and related conditions; it is associated with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as Stevens– Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). A 50-year-old female was presented to the emergency ward with chief complaints of reddish pinpoint lesions over the back, chest, abdomen, and lower limb-upper limb for the past 6 days. She was diagnosed with SJS. On medication interview, it was revealed that she was on allopurinol therapy, which she took 5 days back as a self-medication. The World Health Organization - Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO) scale was used to access the causality assessment, ADR was found to be probable. The drug was withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen of the patient. The patient was discharged after 25 days from the hospital. Allopurinol has the strongest association with SJS with TEN. There should be a screening of HLA-B 5801 antigens before commencing the allopurinol therapy to the patients.
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ECLIPTA ALBA IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC ALBINO RATS
Authors: NAIK K SATHEESH , M GURUSHANTHAIAH , RAJU G NAGESH , S LOKANADHAM , REDDY V SESHADRI
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective is to study the antihyperlipidemic activity of Eclipta alba in hyperlipidemic albino rats and the use of herbal plants and their parts such as seeds, berries, leaves, roots, barks, or flowers for the development of drugs for therapeutic purposes which have an effective role in recent years.

Methods: A total of 30 adult albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 165–215 g were utilized. Animals were treated with high fat diet for 8 weeks followed by post-treatment of E. alba for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 12 h of fasting on the last day of experiment, serum blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and processed for biochemical analysis.

Results: A significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides was noted on animals treated with E. alba compared to high fat diet animals. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with E. alba showed a marked decrease of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the hypercholesterolemic rats. High fat diet feeding worsened the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, whereas the same markers were significantly improved by supplementation with E. alba compared to normal group.

Conclusion: E. alba acts as antihyperlipidemic agent in hyperlipidemic conditions and helps for better health.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR AND RILPIVIRINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM AND ITS APPLICATION TO RAT PLASMA
Authors: B VEERASWAMI , VMK NAVEEN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present paper describes a simple, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of dolutegravir (DTG) and rilpivirine (RPV) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form and rat plasma.

Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Phenomenex C18 (150x4.6mm, 5μm). Mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.1% Ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the rato of 60:40 v/v, flow rate 1.0ml/min and ultraviolet detection at 262nm.

Results: The retention time of DTG and RPV was 4.35 min and 7.73 min, respectively. The proposed method shows a good linearity in the concentration range of 10–150 μg/ml for DTG and 5–75 μg/ml for RPV under optimized conditions. Precision and recovery study results are in between 98 and 102%. In the entire robustness conditions, percentage relative standard deviation is <2.0%. Degradation has minimum effect in stress condition and solutions are stable up to 24 h. DTG and RPV drugs are release 98% at 2 h in rat body.

Conclusion: This method is validated for different analytical performance parameters like linearity. Precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness, and pharmacokinetic study were determined according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2B guidelines. All the parameters of validation were found in the acceptance range of ICH guidelines. The same method is also applied for plasma samples study in bioanalytical work.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIAMEBIC STUDIES OF TAMARINDUS INDICA OF LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: H MEHDI MANSOUR ABDULNABI , YS ALARABI FADEL , FAROOQUI MAZAHAR , PRADHAN VIDYA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study deals with preliminary phytochemical screening of Tamarindus indica extracts and investigates its antiamebic effect against Entamoeba histolytica in vitro.

Methods: E. histolytica was isolated from stools of patients with amebic dysentery and cultivated in lock-egg medium. The leaves extract was added to check its antiamebic activity.

Results: The phytochemical screening shows that T. indica contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, and tannins. T. indica extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were added to culture media E. histolytica. It was observed that E. histolytica count reduced to zero after 72 h and 96 h when 15 mg/ml of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were added, respectively. It is also revealed that there is no cytotoxicity against erythrocytes even when high concentration of plant leaves extract is used.

Conclusion: The in vitro sensitivity of T. indica leaves extract against the E. histolytica is established.
QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS, HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FINGERPRINTING, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS MONTANA (ROXB.)
Authors: V PURI ABHIJEET
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate important phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Diospyros montana Roxb. leaves belonging to the family Ebenaceae.

Methods: Leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol and fractionated into petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. The various fractions were further analyzed for phytochemical composition and concentration-dependent antioxidant activity using conventional methods and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Since leaves contained phenolic compounds, extracts were evaluated for total phenolic content, flavonoids contents, and in-vitro antioxidant activity. Antioxidant potential was assessed using parameters such as superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide inhibition, and β-carotene/linoleic acid antioxidant activity.

Results: Primitive phytochemical investigation highlighted the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins which were confirmed by TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts decreased in the following order ethyl acetate > ethanolic > chloroform > petroleum ether and it was comparable with standards such as ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that the ethanolic extract and fractions of D. montana (Roxb.) leaves have prominent antioxidant activity comparable to standards. Therefore, D. montana (Roxb.) leaves may be used as a probable source of natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical industry.
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CELECOXIB BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE AND INCORPORATION INTO TOPICAL GEL
Authors: SHAIKH AMRIN , BHIDE PRASHANT , NACHINOLKAR REESHWA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to design gels for the topical delivery of celecoxib and evaluate with an aim to increase its penetration through the skin and thereby its flux.

Method: The solubility of celecoxib is shown to be increased by preparing solid dispersions (SDs) using carriers such as mannitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and urea by solvent evaporation, fusion, and coevaporation methods. In vitro release profile of all SD was comparatively evaluated and studied against the pure drug. The prepared SD was subjected for percent practical yield, drug content, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The celecoxib gel was prepared using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol containing a permeation enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different proportions and evaluated for drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, stability, and in vitro drug release.

Results: Faster dissolution rate was exhibited by SD containing 1:5 ratio of celecoxib: PVP K-30 prepared by coevaporation method. In vitro drug release of celecoxib, gels revealed that formulation with HPMC has higher drug release as compared to Carbopol.

Conclusion: The increase in dissolution rate for SD is observed in the following order of PVP K-30>urea>mannitol>PEG 6000. The CPD5 gel containing a SD CP5 and 20% DMSO showed the best in vitro release 74.13% at the end of 6 h.
ASSESSMENT OF SELF-EXTRACTED CELLULOSE FROM ORYZA SATIVA FOR DESIGN OF CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DALFAMPRIDINE
Authors: JYOTHI B JEEVANA , M MOUNIKA
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The main objective of the present work includes extraction of cellulose from Oryza sativa (OS), characterization of cellulose, development of controlled release tablet dalfampridine using cellulose of OS, and in vitro evaluation.

Methods: Dry powdered OS husk sample was extracted with a mixture of hexane and methanol (2:1, v/v) using soxhlation method and was characterized by solubility, melting point determination, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Compatibility between dalfampridine and the mixture of cellulose with dalfampridine was confirmed by FTIR and DSC analysis. Then, controlled drug delivery system of dalfampridine were prepared as directly compressed tablets using various compositions containing OS cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), dicalcium phosphate, and magnesium stearate (8 nos. F1 to f8) and were evaluated.

Results: Cellulose was extracted from OS extract to possess its ideal characteristics. Dalfampridine and its mixture with cellulose were compatible according to FTIR and DSC analysis. Directly compressed tablets made with 10 mg of dalfampridine and OS cellulose, HPMC, dicalcium phosphate, and magnesium stearate evidenced prolonged and controlled drug delivery of dalfampridine for 12 h. Formulation made with OS cellulose 250 mg, HPMC 20 mg, dicalcium phosphate 40 mg, and magnesium stearate 5 mg was ideal without burst release.

Conclusion: Cellulose extracted from OS is used successfully for the production of directly compressed tablets of dalfampridine to elicit optimum characteristics including controlled drug delivery for 12 h.
BIOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MARINE MICROMONOSPORA MARINA KPMS1 (MH036351) AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA
Authors: M MOHAMED MAHROOP RAJA , A RAJA , N REEHANA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present investigation aimed at the screening of pharmaceutically potential antimicrobial metabolite isolated from marine Micromonospora sp. to combat the multidrug‑resistant bacteria.

Materials and Methods: The Marine sediments were randomly collected for the isolation of Micromonospora sp., from Gulf of Mannar, East Coastal Region, located at Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Micromonospora sp. was cultivated by serial dilution and crowed plating method on actinomycetes isolation agar. The isolated colonies were identified by morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods. The antibacterial study of Micromonospora sp. was performed on Mueller‑Hinton agar medium against multidrug‑resistant bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection. The antibacterial compound was separated and characterized by Fourier‑transform infrared (FT‑IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum.

Results: Based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical studies, the isolated colonies were found to be the genera of Micromonospora. Among Micromonospora genera, Micromonospora marina KPMS1 strain showed potent antibacterial activity against multidrug‑resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The FT‑IR and NMR studies showed the structural elucidation of active compounds derived from M. marina KPMS1. The 16S rRNA sequences of M. marina KPMS1 (MH036351) strain were blasted and deposited in the GenBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Conclusion: The results of the study were concluded that microbial compounds are the promising sources of nearly all of the antibiotics produced by marine Micromonospora sp. The detection of new biological compounds was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora which have been used for clinical treatment against multidrug‑resistant bacteria and were pharmaceutically important.
EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL STABILITY OF PERILLA OIL AND PERILLA OIL CAPSULE
Authors: CHAIYASUT CHAIYAVAT , SIVAMARUTHI BHAGAVATHI SUNDARAM , KESIKA PERIYANAINA , SIRILUN SASITHORN , MAKHAMRUEANG NETNAPA , PEERAJAN SARTJIN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study explained the effect of storage conditions on the stability (total phenolic content (TPC), acid and peroxide values, and antioxidant capacity) of free perilla oil (PO) and capsulated PO (POC).

Methods: PO from Mae Hong Son cultivar was used for making POC. The capsules were prepared by Nature Nutri Co., Ltd., Pathum Thani, Thailand. PO and POC samples were stored in different containers (plastic, glass, clear, and amber bottles) at various temperatures (4, 30, and 40°C) for 3 months. The physical changes (color, odor, sedimentation, and separations), TPC, and antioxidant capacity of the samples were assessed by organoleptic, Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay methods, respectively. The acid and peroxide values of the samples were also studied by the titration method.

Results: The color and odor of PO were not changed during storage, and also, there was no sedimentation and layer separation. The acid values were not significantly changed during the storage period, but the peroxide values were significantly increased in PO samples stored at 40°C while no changes were observed in POC. The TPC and antioxidant capacity of the samples were not influenced by any of the storage conditions.

Conclusion: The results suggested that POC was relatively more stable than free oil in terms of peroxidation.