bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egységes kockázatkezelési módszertan kialakítása a villamosenergia-ipari átviteli rendszerirányító társaságnál (Development of an integrated risk management methodology for an electricity transmission system operator (TSO) company)
Authors: Fiáth Attila , Nagy Balázs , Tóth Péter , Dóczi Szilvia , Dinya Mariann
Published: February 2021

A felelős vállalatirányítás egyik stratégiai jelentőségű tényezője a vállalati szintű kockázatkezelés, mely napjaink egyik legnagyobb kihívást jelentő területe a vállalatvezetés számára. A hatékony vállalati kockázatkezelés nem valósulhat meg kizárólag az általános, nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalomban megfogalmazott kockázatkezelési alapelvek követése mentén, a kockázatkezelési rendszer kialakítása során figyelembe kell venni mind az iparági, mind az adott vállalatra jellemző sajátosságokat. Mindez különösen fontos egy olyan speciális tevékenységet folytató vállalatnál, mint a villamosenergia-ipari átviteli rendszerirányító társaság (transmission system operator, TSO). A cikkben a magyar villamosenergia-ipari átviteli rendszerirányító társasággal együttműködésben készített kutatás keretében előálló olyan komplex elméleti és gyakorlati keretrendszert mutatnak be a szerzők, mely alapján az átviteli rendszerirányító társaság számára kialakítottak egy új, területenként egységes kockázatkezelési módszertant (fókuszban a kockázatok azonosításának és számszerűsítésének módszertani lépéseivel), mely alkalmas a vállalati szintű kockázati kitettség meghatározására. _______ This study handles one of today’s most challenging areas of enterprise management: the development and introduction of an integrated and efficient risk management system. For companies operating in specific network industries with a dominant market share and a key role in the national economy, such as electricity TSO’s, risk management is of stressed importance. The study introduces an innovative, mathematically and statistically grounded as well as economically reasoned management approach for the identification, individual effect calculation and summation of risk factors. Every building block is customized for the organizational structure and operating environment of the TSO. While the identification phase guarantees all-inclusivity, the calculation phase incorporates expert techniques and Monte Carlo simulation and the summation phase presents an expected combined distribution and value effect of risks on the company’s profit lines based on the previously undiscovered correlations between individual risk factors.
A piramis csúcsa? Esettanulmányokra épülő oktatás és a nemzetközi versenyek
Authors: Ábrahám Zsolt , Czakó Erzsébet , Kozma Miklós
Published: February 2021

Az esettanulmányokra építő oktatás a vezetői legjobb gyakorlatok átadásaként került be a legelső gazdálkodástani oktatási és vezetőképzési programokba az Egyesült Államokban, és erre az oktatási gyakorlatra épülő módszer ma már a világ számos egyetemén elterjedt. A módszer egyik fő előnye, hogy egyszerre fejleszti a hallgatók ismereteinek alkalmazását, problémamegoldó készségeit és segíti a gyakorlati, vállalati kontextus érzékelését, míg a nemzetközi esetversenyek a hallgatói teljesítmények és végső soron az a mögött álló oktatás színvonalának összehasonlítására is szolgálnak. A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem (BCE) már az 1990-es évek elejétől az amerikai gyakorlat alapján adoptálta az esettanulmányokra épülő oktatást, és bekapcsolódott a nemzetközi esetversenyekbe. A szerzők cikkükben az esettanulmány-alapú oktatás sajátosságairól, az alapszakokhoz kapcsolódó rendszerről és a nemzetközi esetversenyekről adnak áttekintést. Céljuk az, hogy elősegítsék a további kutatásokat és az oktatásfejlesztést.
COVID-19, más allá del virus: una aproximación a la anatomía de un pandesastre sindémico
Authors: Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: February 2021

El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el brote de la enfermedad por COVID-19 como una pandemia mundial. Más allá de los desafíos médicos y científicos para entender el virus SARS-CoV-2 como causante de dicha enfermedad y, por ende, desarrollar una vacuna para mitigar los efectos de su propagación, la crisis emanada instiga a reflexionar con urgencia acerca del significado de esta pandemia como resultado de los procesos de intervención de los seres humanos en el planeta. En dicho tenor, este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una base para la comprensión de la construcción social del riesgo de desastre y del desastre desencadenado por la enfermedad por COVID-19, esta última visualizada como una amenaza sociobiológica. Asimismo, de manera adicional al enfoque epidemiológico, se enfatiza la importancia de abordar esta encrucijada, desde una perspectiva integral transdisciplinaria.

Si bien en el caso del desastre actual detonado por la propagación del COVID-19 no es posible observar directamente los escombros y los daños característicos de otro tipo de desastres como aquellos desencadenados por amenazas naturales o socio-naturales (ejemplo: sismos o inundaciones), las consecuencias a nivel global nos llevan a proponer su tipificación como un pandesastre sindémico. Esto es, un desastre de orden multiescalar con impacto global en un contexto de sindemia que involucra un estado de disrupción extrema del funcionamiento de la sociedad con consecuencias adversas de índole social, económica, cultural, política e institucional, generado por la concatenación de problemas de salud de la población exacerbados por condiciones de susceptibilidad individual, vulnerabilidad y exposición preexistentes. Para concluir, se hace referencia a una serie de consideraciones finales orientadas a enmarcar esfuerzos de transformación dirigidos hacia la gestión integral en la actual sociedad del riesgo.
Optimisation of Flight and Maintenance Planning for Defence Aviation with Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Balakrishnan N. , Shah Malak , Anupama K.R. , Sharma Nitin
Published: February 2021

The planning of flight operations and maintenance is a crucial activity for both commercial and military aircraft. Military aircraft have to be always mission-ready. The task of ensuring this can become quite challenging when several operational requirements and maintenance constraints are to be fulfilled simultaneously. This paper, therefore, addresses the optimisation of flight and maintenance planning (FMP) when several diverse factors such as aircraft flying hours (AFH), flight cycles (FC), calendar life, annual flying requirement (AFR), etc. are to be factored in. Such a problem has not been considered previously. Because the problem can become unwieldy to solve by other methods, two schemes, that is, the genetic algorithm (GA) and modified artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for constrained optimisation have been utilised. The objective is to maximise the utilisation rate (UR) of aircraft, while also satisfying other operational and maintenance constraints. The algorithm is tested on a fleet of eight aircraft. In addition to a one-year planning period, a planning horizon of ten years has also been simulated. The results show that both the GA and modified ABC algorithm can be effectively used to solve the FMP problem.
Aeroload Simulation of Interceptor Missile using Fin Load Simulator
Authors: Prasad M.V.K.S. , Sreehari Rao Patri , Nayak Jagannath
Published: February 2021

Interceptor missiles are designed to destroy enemy targets in air. Targets can be destroyed either in atmosphere or out of atmosphere. So for Air Defence scenario, a two layer protection system is required with one taking care of exo atmosphere and another endo atmosphere. In this Air Defence scenario, irrespective of target trajectory interceptor should neutralise it. So the control, guidance are to be designed and validated thoroughly with various scenarios of interceptor and target. These interceptors sense the rates from rate gyroscopes and accelerations from accelerometers which are fitted on board the interceptor. The navigation algorithm calculates the interceptor’s position and velocity from these rates and accelerations from time to time. Using these interceptor data and target information received from ground RADAR or on board seeker, guidance calculates accelerations demand and subsequently rate demand. The control algorithm runs in on board mission computer along with guidance. The control algorithm calculates the commanded rate and eventually commanded deflections to the control fins to move towards the target. The fins have to move as per commanded deflections to meet the mission objective of hitting the target. But the load known as aeroload which comes on the control fins during mission, causes control fins not to move as per command. Due to the difference between control command and physical movement of fin, the expected path towards target deviates. This increases the miss distance and also misses the target hit. This aeroload scenario is to be simulated on ground and some feature is to be designed to take care of it during mission. By studying the control system behaviour due to load, the control autopilot is to be automatically tuned to compensate for the loss in commanded deflections. This scenario can be carried out in Hardware-in-Loop simulation (HILS) setup. Mission load conditions can be applied on hardware actuation system in HILS setup and mission performance can be seen and also with different loads and different autopilot tunings.
Improvement to Early Warning System Of DHF Transmission Through Controlling Vector Breeding Places Of Aedes Sp. In Klaten District, Central Java
Authors: Pascawati Nur Alvira , Songjanan Ellen Petra , Tunggul Satoto Tri Baskoro , Deta Elisabeth
Published: February 2021

Background: The presence of potential breeding places can be used to measure the risk of DHF transmission in Klaten. This result can be used by the community to eradication of mosquito breeding place on terget and can improve to early warning system through effective methods for vector control. The aim of the study is to know effective methods for vector control to improve early warning system.Methods: Type of study was analytic with cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in 104 households with simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used three stages: univariate, bivariate (Chi-square, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Spearman rank) and multivariate test (multiple logistic regression) with α=5%.Results: The density of larvae based on the value of CI, HI, and BI amounted to 1,6%, 19.2%, 27.9%. The potential place for larvae breed based on Maya Index of 76%. Containers of open wells with groundwater sources, the volume of water is more than 1 liter and the material from cement can be the preferred place for mosquitoes to breed. Multivariate analysis shows that open wells are strongly related and has a risk of 1,556 (CI: 1,199-2,019) increasing the density of larvae compared with other variables.The density of larvae based on who's standards indicates BI is a high category, HI is a moderate category and CI is a low category.Conclusions: The condition is influenced by the presence of open wells made of cement and can hold water in large quantities. Improve to early warning system of DHF transmission through effective methods for vector control in this area are to close the wells at the household level and conduct regular monitoring on the Controllable Sites.
Relationship between Sanitation of Warung Makan Tegal and Intestinal Nematodes Infestations in Cockroaches in Tembalang District, Semarang City
Authors: Sitanggang Punguan , Hestiningsih Retno , Martini Martini , Ginandjar Praba
Published: February 2021

Background: Cockroaches are insects that are considered disgusting and act as mechanical vectors. The existence of cockroaches in a place becomes a benchmark of low sanitation in the place. The properties possessed by cockroaches by eating anything, so that in looking for food can spread nematodes by walking and removing dirt on top of food, dishes or other eating utensils that pass. The purpose of this study was to determine the intestinal nematode infestation in cockroaches.Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross sectional approach. The stall samples were taken using a total sampling of 43 stalls and cockroach samples were determined by 2 cockroaches from each warteg.Results: Observations under a microscope showed that intestinal nematodes were found in cockroaches including hookworm (14.0%), and Oxyuris vermicularis (30.2%).Conclusion: Intestinal nematodes (hookworm and Oxyuris vermicularis) are found in cockroach bodies
Relation between Pesticide Exposure and Hypertension Incidence among Sprayers of Jasmine Farmers in Kaliprau Village, Ulujami District, Pemalang
Authors: Wafa Ali , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Joko Tri
Published: February 2021

Background: The use of pesticides in Kaliprau Village is not following the dosage required in the packaging label with the frequency of spraying 3-4 times per week. Spray farmers mix more than two types of pesticides and when spraying do not use personal protective equipment (PPE). The incidence of hypertension in Kaliprau Village in 2016 was 524 people and increased in 2017 to 843 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the relathionship between pesticide exposure and hypertension incidence among sprayers of jasmine farmer in Kaliprau Village, Ulujami District, Pemalang. Methods: This research is observational analytic using a survey method approach with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 102 respondents with data analysis using Chi-Square. Results: Data analysis shows that there is a relationship between years of work (p = 0,000). While the frequency of spraying (p = 0.574), spraying time (p = 0.739), length of work (p = 0.721), wind direction (p = 0.171), pesticide dose (p = 0.145), dilution method (p = 0.448), method storage (p = 0.648) not related to hypertension. Conclusions: there is a relationship between the length of service and the incidence of hypertension among sprayers of jasmine farmer in Kaliprau Village, Ulujami District, Pemalang District.
Could Pictorial Health Warning Change Smoking Behavior among Teenagers? : A Cross-Sectional Study among Junior High School Students
Authors: Hidayah Ranti Yunita , Handayani Novia , Musthofa Syamsulhuda B
Published: February 2021

Abstract Background: The Indonesian Ministry of Health has established a regulation about the inclusion of pictorial health warning and information on the packages of tobacco product since 2013. It was intended to encourage smokers to stop smoking. This study aimed to analyze the effect of pictorial health warning to teenagers’ smoking behavior.Methods: This was a quantitative study with cross sectional research design. The population was junior high school students in Semarang City. The samples were chosen from 16 junior high schools in Semarang City, representing 16 districts. Each junior high school was chosen by using probability sampling techniques. A total of 160 respondents were chosen by using simple random sampling method.Results: The results showed that variables which have relationship with smoking behavior among teenagers were accessibility (p = 0.006), exposure (p = 0.039) and peer support (p = 0.008). Variables which did not have relationship with smoking behavior among teenagers were pocket money (p = 0.112), daily cigarette use (p = 0.641), knowledge (p = 0.535), attitude (p = 0.759)Conclusion: The inclusion of pictorial health warning, especially on the packages of tobacco product encourage students as novice smokers to stop smoking.
Description of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention Based on Gender and Age in Java Island Community
Authors: Amarie Alya , Udijono Ari , Kusariana Nissa , Saraswati Lintang Dian
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has become a public health problem around the world. The main mode of transmission of this virus is human to human transmission via respiratory droplets that produced when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This virus spread rapidly from China to other countries. The participation of society is needed in reducing the spread of COVID-19. People's commitment and obedience in dealing with this pandemic situation are generally influenced by knowledge, attitudes and practices. In previous studies, it was found that gender and age affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for preventing COVID-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 prevention based on gender and age group in Java Island residents. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study was 1,680 Java Island residents. Results: The variables in this study were measured through a self-reported questionnaire that was distributed online. The results showed that the female and the late adult group (≥61 years) tended to have good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 prevention.Conclusion : It is necessary to increase education related to COVID-19 and socialization of health protocols to the community with male sex and young age groups
Virtual place during quarantine – a curious case of VRChat
Authors: Rzeszewski Michał , Evans Leighton
Published: February 2021

During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic many governments imposed forced lockdowns and implemented social distancing measures. At the same time there was also a large increase in gaming sales, which was particularly pronounced in the Virtual Reality (VR) sector of the market. We hypothesize that this is no coincidence since VR immersion and the capability of inducing embodiment and a feeling of presence can mitigate the loss of contact with outside world. VR has social and spatial potential to provide space and place for human interactions in time when physical contracts are restricted. To investigate this, we analyse reviews of VRChat (a social VR game) posted on the Steam platform, both before and during the pandemic. Among several themes that were identified, we found indications that spatiality plays an important role in the players’ experience. Users describe virtual worlds of the game using emotional language that suggest bonding and presence of place attachment. In the reviews made during the pandemic there is a strong theme of safety associated with virtual places of VRChat – a replacement of physical space that is no longer accessible or is perceived as unsafe. At least for some users, VRChat has provided a sympathetic and comfortable environment during the pandemic to act as a surrogate for social interaction during social distancing and isolation. Future interviews with users are needed to extend and validate this preliminary research.
Polityka wspierania klastrów w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce
Authors: Szulc-Fischer Paulina
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie polityki wspierania klastrów gospodarczych prowadzonej w Polsce oraz w Unii Europejskiej. W pierwszej części pracy zaprezentowano pojęcie oraz klasyfikację polityk klastrowych, a także możliwości wdrożenia opisane w najważniejszych dokumentach Komisji Europejskiej dotyczących wspierania klastrów. Dalsza część artykułu zawiera opis efektywnych narzędzi polityki klastrowej oraz kierunków jej rozwoju. Analiza podjętych działań na rzecz rozwoju klastrów wskazuje na ich istotną rolę jako narzędzia rozwoju gospodarczego.
Abnormal Cortico-Basal Ganglia Neurotransmission in a Mouse Model of l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia
Authors: Dwi Wahyu Indriani , Chiken Satomi , Hasegawa Taku , Sano Hiromi , Nambu Atsushi
Published: February 2021

l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, long-term treatment inducesl-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). To elucidate its pathophysiology, we developed a mouse model of LID by daily administration ofl-DOPA to PD male ICR mice treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and recorded the spontaneous and cortically evoked neuronal activity in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the connecting and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, respectively, in awake conditions. Spontaneous firing rates of GPe neurons were decreased in the dyskinesia-off state (≥24 h afterl-DOPA injection) and increased in the dyskinesia-on state (20–100 min afterl-DOPA injection while showing dyskinesia), while those of SNr neurons showed no significant changes. GPe and SNr neurons showed bursting activity and low-frequency oscillation in the PD, dyskinesia-off, and dyskinesia-on states. In the GPe, cortically evoked late excitation was increased in the PD and dyskinesia-off states but decreased in the dyskinesia-on state. In the SNr, cortically evoked inhibition was largely suppressed, and monophasic excitation became dominant in the PD state. Chronicl-DOPA treatment partially recovered inhibition and suppressed late excitation in the dyskinesia-off state. In the dyskinesia-on state, inhibition was further enhanced, and late excitation was largely suppressed. Cortically evoked inhibition and late excitation in the SNr are mediated by the cortico-striato-SNrdirectand cortico-striato-GPe-subthalamo-SNrindirectpathways, respectively. Thus, in the dyskinesia-on state, signals through thedirectpathway that release movements are enhanced, while signals through theindirectpathway that stop movements are suppressed, underlying LID.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease (PD) is caused by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, characterized by tremor, rigidity, and akinesia, and estimated to affect around six million people world-wide. Dopamine replacement therapy is the gold standard for PD treatment; however, control of symptoms usingl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) becomes difficult over time because of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) known asl-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), one of the major issues for advanced PD. Our electrophysiological data suggest that dynamic changes in the basal ganglia circuitry underlie LID; signals through thedirectpathway that release movements are enhanced, while signals through theindirectpathway that stop movements are suppressed. These results will provide the rationale for the development of more effective treatments for LID.
NOX1/NADPH Oxidase Promotes Synaptic Facilitation Induced by Repeated D2Receptor Stimulation: Involvement in Behavioral Repetition
Authors: Asaoka Nozomi , Ibi Masakazu , Hatakama Hikari , Nagaoka Koki , Iwata Kazumi , Matsumoto Misaki , Katsuyama Masato , Kaneko Shuji , Yabe-Nishimura Chihiro
Published: February 2021

Repetitive behavior is a widely observed neuropsychiatric symptom. Abnormal dopaminergic signaling in the striatum is one of the factors associated with behavioral repetition; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of repetitive behavior remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the NOX1 isoform of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase regulated repetitive behavior in mice by facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs in the central striatum (CS). In male C57Bl/6J mice, repeated stimulation of D2receptors induced abnormal behavioral repetition and perseverative behavior.Nox1deficiency or acute pharmacological inhibition of NOX1 significantly shortened repeated D2receptor stimulation-induced repetitive behavior without affecting motor responses to a single D2receptor stimulation. Among brain regions,Nox1showed enriched expression in the striatum, and repeated dopamine D2receptor stimulation further increasedNox1expression levels in the CS, but not in the dorsal striatum. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that repeated D2receptor stimulation facilitated excitatory inputs in the CS indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs), and this effect was suppressed by the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of NOX1.Nox1deficiency potentiated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and attenuated the accumulation of activated Src kinase, which is required for the synaptic potentiation in CS iMSNs. Inhibition of NOX1 or β-arrestin in the CS was sufficient to ameliorate repetitive behavior. Striatal-specificNox1knockdown also ameliorated repetitive and perseverative behavior. Collectively, these results indicate that NOX1 acts as an enhancer of synaptic facilitation in CS iMSNs and plays a key role in the molecular link between abnormal dopamine signaling and behavioral repetition and perseveration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBehavioral repetition is a form of compulsivity, which is one of the core symptoms of psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Perseveration is also a hallmark of such disorders. Both clinical and animal studies suggest important roles of abnormal dopaminergic signaling and striatal hyperactivity in compulsivity; however, the precise molecular link between them remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the contribution of NOX1 to behavioral repetition induced by repeated stimulation of D2receptors. Repeated stimulation of D2receptors upregulatedNox1mRNA in a striatal subregion-specific manner. The upregulated NOX1 promoted striatal synaptic facilitation in iMSNs by enhancing phosphorylation signaling. These results provide a novel mechanism for D2receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic facilitation and indicate the therapeutic potential of NOX1 inhibition in compulsivity.
Functional P2X7Receptors in the Auditory Nerve of Hearing Rodents Localize Exclusively to Peripheral Glia
Authors: Prades Silvia , Heard Gregory , Gale Jonathan E. , Engel Tobias , Kopp Robin , Nicke Annette , Smith Katie E. , Jagger Daniel J.
Published: February 2021

P2X7receptors (P2X7Rs) are associated with numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, and this promotes them as therapeutic targets for certain neurodegenerative conditions. However, the identity of P2X7R-expressing cells in the nervous system remains contentious. Here, we examined P2X7R functionality in auditory nerve cells from rodents of either sex, and determined their functional and anatomic expression pattern. In whole-cell recordings from rat spiral ganglion cultures, the purinergic agonist 2',3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) activated desensitizing currents in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) but non-desensitizing currents in glia that were blocked by P2X7R-specific antagonists. In imaging experiments, BzATP gated sustained Ca2+entry into glial cells. BzATP-gated uptake of the fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1 was reduced and slowed by P2X7R-specific antagonists. In rats, P2X7Rs were immuno-localized predominantly within satellite glial cells (SGCs) and Schwann cells (SCs). P2X7R expression was not detected in the portion of the auditory nerve within the central nervous system. Mouse models allowed further exploration of the distribution of cochlear P2X7Rs. In GENSAT reporter mice, EGFP expression driven via theP2rx7promoter was evident in SGCs and SCs but was undetectable in SGNs. A second transgenic model showed a comparable cellular distribution of EGFP-tagged P2X7Rs. In wild-type mice the discrete glial expression was confirmed using a P2X7-specific nanobody construct. Our study shows that P2X7Rs are expressed by peripheral glial cells, rather than by afferent neurons. Description of functional signatures and cellular distributions of these enigmatic proteins in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) will help our understanding of ATP-dependent effects contributing to hearing loss and other sensory neuropathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTP2X7receptors (P2X7Rs) have been the subject of much scrutiny in recent years. They have been promoted as therapeutic targets in a number of diseases of the nervous system, yet the specific cellular location of these receptors remains the subject of intense debate. In the auditory nerve, connecting the inner ear to the brainstem, we show these multimodal ATP-gated channels localize exclusively to peripheral glial cells rather than the sensory neurons, and are not evident in central glia. Physiologic responses in the peripheral glia display classical hallmarks of P2X7R activation, including the formation of ion-permeable and also macromolecule-permeable pores. These qualities suggest these proteins could contribute to glial-mediated inflammatory processes in the auditory periphery under pathologic disease states.
Wybrane somatyzmy z komponentem oko w języku młodzieży szkolnej
Authors: Święcicka Małgorzata , Tarary Eliza
Published: February 2021

This article is an attempt at showing the ways of functioning of selected phrases in the language of young people. This analysis covers student’s interpretations of somatisms with the EYE component (to pull the wool over somebody’s eyes, eyeball to eyeball, to have blinders on, to be the apple of somebody’s eye, somebody’s eyes popped). With the use of the principles of cognitive grammar, semantic structures of these phrases have been constructed. Dictionary definitions are the starting point for the assessment of the ways of understanding the meaning. Owing to the semantic analysis, the following interpretations of meanings have been specified: concretizations, generalizations, asemantizations, dephraseologizations, defining one phrase with the use of another one (not always semantically identical).
Wywoływanie lęku jako strategia nakłaniająca (na przykładzie wypowiedzi uczniów gimnazjum)
Authors: Tymiakin Leszek
Published: February 2021

The article describes and analyzes how junior high students understand the meaning of fear, as well as how it is used to communicate. The results of the survey carried out in the Lublin Province show that although youth develop a denotation scope of the subject term, they’d rather use a persuading strategy based on the attempts to evoke fear and frighten an interlocutor. The realization of such a procedure is usually performed in two phases, that is, once a communication situation is recognized, the choice of suitable (effective) linguistic structures is made. Verbs expressing a wish and a duty, evaluating/assessing labels, text meta-operators emphasizing illocutionary strength/power of an utterance as well as imperatives appear to be particularly useful in the kind of persuasion being described. Both directive kinds (appeal, threat, order, warning, command, ban, request) as well as non-directive ones are used in verbal utterances/messages of dominant threatening function addressed to a specified interlocutor in appropriately indicated social situations. Despite artificial promises or declarations the latter ones may control interlocutory behaviour if in a specific use they generate fear and force behaviour frequently inconsistent with interlocutor’s beliefs but consistent with the speaker’s expectations.
Мастацкае асэнсаванне лiтаратурнай творчасцi i функцый лiтаратуры ў паэзii Уладзiмiра Дубоўкi
Authors:   Witebski Uniwersytet Państwowy im. P.M. Maszerowa, Barouka Wanda
Published: February 2021

Мастацкае асэнсаванне творчага працэсу ў паэзii Уладзiмiра Дубоўкi 1920-х годоў было палемiчным у адносiнах да афiцыйных iдэалагiчных установак у вобласцi культуры. Поэт засяродзiў сваю ўвагу на такiх пытаннях, як основы творчасцi, лiтаратура i крытыка, паэт i мова, межы творчай свабоды. У. Дубоўка творча выкарыстоўваў для гэтага мастацкiя магчымасцi верша i паэмы, актыўна звяртаўся да iронii. Паэт лiчыў важнымi такiя функцыi лiтаратуры, як актуалiзацыя класiки, пазнанне свету i чалавека, выяўление духоўных магчымасцей асобы i соцыуму, развiццё мышлення чытачоў, пазiцыяванне эксперымента. Апрача таго, ён разумеў лiтаратурную творчасць як самавыяўленне i самахарактарыстыку поэта.
Iва Андрыч у Беларусi: культуралагiчны i тыпалагiчны аспекты рэцэпцыi
Authors:   Białoruski Uniwersytet Państwowy, Naumowa Anna
Published: February 2021

У артыкуле разглядаецца iдэалагiчны змест творчасцi югаслаўскага лаўрэата Нобелеўскай прэмii Iва Андрыча. Яго спадчына ўспрымаецца у святле праблем мультыкультуралiзма; адзначаецца роля характарыстыкi пiсьменнiкам этнiчна-канфесiянальных праблем у свеце. Праводзiцца агляд даследаванняў беларускiх фiлолагаў, прысвечаных Андрычу. Аналiзiруюцца падабенства памiж боснiйскiм памежжам i асаблiвасцямi гiстарычнага развiцця Беларусi. Улiчваецца таксама роля, якую можа адыграць гiсторыясофскi змест твораў югаслаўскага пiсьменнiка пры разглядзе гэтых пытанняў.
Лiтаратуразнаўчая iмагалогiя: тэарэтычныя аспекты даследавання
Authors:   Narodowa Akademia Nauk Białorusi, Bachanowicz Natalla
Published: February 2021

У артыкуле разглядаюцца i абагульняюцца тэарэтычныя пытаннi, якiя патрабуюць той цi iншай пазiцыi з боку даследчыка-iмаголага пры правядзеннi росшукаў. Акцэнтуецца ўвага на мiждысцыплiнарнасцi дадзенай галiны навуковых ведаў i асаблiвай ролi пры гэтым лiтаратуразнаўства, якое мае справу з увасобленымi ў мастацтве слова вобразамi. У аб’ектыў трапляюць сутнасныя пытаннi iсцiннасцi i iлжывасцi, прычын i наступстваў ды такту i павагi падчас iнтэрпрэтацыi Iншага. Паказваецца спецыфiка напаўнення тэрмiнаў «этнас», «нацыя» ў iмагалагiчным даследаваннi i прыводзяцца галоўныя iнструменты для аналiзу.
Differing Interpretations of Janusz Korczak’s Legacy in Schools that take Inspiration from His Work: A Study in Four Schools in the UK and Canada
Authors:   University of Northampton, MA Education and PhD Education from the University of Cambridge, Underwood James , Van Hien Quyen ,   University of Northampton, Zhao Ying ,   China, MA in Management from the University of Durham
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present how a selection of current school leaders in two countries, other than Poland, the country in which he lived, perceive the legacy of Janusz Korczak. These two countries are the United Kingdom and Canada. Its role is to present these interpretations for debate and discussion among other school leaders and practitioners, who claim inspiration from him worldwide. We have not suggested that there is a correct or incorrect way to interpret Korczak, rather we are simply interested in how current practitioners perceive his work. The ﬁrst part of this article is a brief summary of key aspects from the life and works of Janusz Korczak that have entered educational conversation within the United Kingdom and the wider Anglophone world. This has often been through writings by and for teachers or books written for schools, rather than academic texts or even Korczak’s original works. Key aspects of his life story presented here are: those years leading the orphanage ‘Dom Sierot’, and most especially the ﬁnal months of his life in the Warsaw ghetto, and the last recorded events of his life, including his refusal to go to Theresienstadt and his ultimate death in Treblinka. We also present in this section, because of an expectation that schools may have engaged with these, his views on how societal structures being designed by adults disadvantage children; and his valuing of children’s voices, as well as his views on the problematic nature of authority. This paper is a discussion of four linked case studies. Participants for this study were four school leaders, two from the UK and two from Canada. The schools they lead are schools that in public facing aspects of their schools, such as school webpages or public vision statements, refer explicitly to the inﬂuence of Janusz Korczak. The method of data collection used within this study was unstructured interviews with school leaders. Through this process we discovered that there are commonalities in how his legacy has been perceived. These included, for all, intertwining his life and work and in doing so presenting him as a role model to children and teachers. Other aspects of his inﬂuence focused on student voice, the breaking down of hierarchy and the enabling of creativity.
Relations Between Parenting Styles and Learning Motivation with Social Science Learning Outcomes
Authors: Widoresmi Dinari , Abidin Zaenal
Published: February 2021

This research was backgrounded by preliminary research data. It was found that parents were busy working, students were not enthusiastic in learning process, and social science learning outcomes was not optimal. This aim of researchis toreveal the correlation of parenting patterns and learning motivation with Social Science learning outcomes. This type of research is a correlational quantitative research with sample amount of 136 students taken using the quota sampling. Data collection techniques used interview, questionnaires, and documentation. In addition, data analyses used descriptive statistical analysis, product moment correlation, multiple correlation, simple and mutiple regression. The results showed that there were positive and significant correlation between parenting patterns and social science learning outcomes amount of 0.736, learning motivation and social science learning outcomes amount of 0.725, parenting patterns and learning motivation simultaneously with social science learning outcomes amount of 0.805, contribution of parenting patterns with social science learning outcomes amount of 54.2%, contribution of learning motivation with social science learning outcomes amount of 52.5%, contribution of parenting patterns and learning motivation with social science learning outcomes amountof 64.9%. Those can be concluded that there are positive and significant correlation between parenting patterns and learning motivation with Social Science learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in Primary School, Group of Ki Hajar Dewantara, South Kaliwungu Subdistrict, Kendal Regency.
Implementation of Character Education to Improve the Students Discipline Through Habituation of Nadzam Asmaul Husna Recitation at Grade IV
Authors: Asih Puji , Sunarso Ali
Published: February 2021

Character education should take place through habituation and all the time in everyday life. This study aims was to determine (1) Implementation of character education (2) Barriers to Reading Asmaul Husna's Habits (3) Supporting reading habits Asmaul Husna (4) Influence of Asmaul Husna on student character. The research was conducted in SDN Purwoyoso 01 Ngaliyan with research subject of fourth-grade students, religious teachers and class teachers on Implementation of Student Discipline Character Education through Reading Asmaul Husna Habituation. The approach used was a qualitative single-case study type. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was done by using content analysis technique. The result of this research shows that: (1) the discipline of students is good, (2) the implementation of character education through reading habits of Asmaul Husna is good (3) the influence of reading habits of Asmaul Husna has an effect on the character of the students of class IV.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED NUMBER HEAD LEARNING MODELS ON CLASS V IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Dwiyanti Endang , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: February 2021

Based to the result, the observation and interview the low quality of education in Indonesia was caused by students' learning outcomes in some subjects were classified as low. This was supported by the data on social studies learning outcomes in the 5th grade students of elementary school of Kartini Cluster, Banjarnegara Regency, that were quite low. One of the reason was the teachers had not applied the appropriate learning model in accordance with educational regulations. The teachers used a teacher-centered learning model. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Structured Numbered Heads model to result of social studies learning outcomes of 5th grade students of elementary school of Kartini Cluster, Banjarnegara Regency. This research used quantitative method with experiment design and nonequivalent control group design. The sample technique was cluster random sampling of 97 participantes. Data collection used test, observation and documentation. Hypotesis test result showed that tcount˃ttabel(5,8883>2,0003) which mean structured numbered heads model is was more effective to result of social studies learning outcomes of 5th grade students. The experiment class n-gain test result 0,4611 belong to medium criteria while control class n-gaint test result 0.481 belong to low criteria. The conclusion of this research is structured numbered heads was effective to be used in social studies learning material of 5th grade students of elementary school of of Kartini Cluster, Banjarnegara Regency.
Implementation of The Practicum Methods with Guided-Discovery Model toThe Student Skill of Science Process
Authors: Hayati Dwi Puji , Bintari Siti Harnina , Sukaesih Sri
Published: February 2021

Biology learning in SMA N 2 Batang still emphasized cognitive ability, has not yet oriented on the development of student skill of science process. The purpose of this research is to analyze theimplementation of practicum methods with guided-discovery model on students skill of science process. This research is Pre-Experimental with Pre-Test and Post Test Group Design. The sample was determined by purposive sampling, X MIPA 1 and X MIPA 2 as experiment class-1 and -2. The results obtained from the test and non-test. The result of skill of science process test was analyzed by N-gain. The average of N-gain test result from the experimental class is 11,4% in high category, 64,3% in medium category, and 24,3% in low category. Analysis of post-test result and student observation result in good category. The success of this method implementation in MIPA 1 is 95,15% and MIPA 2 is 88,9% with very high category. Students and teachers respond well to the implementation of practicum method with guided-discovery model. The conclusion of this research is the implementation of practicum method with guided-discovery model of environmental change material can develop student skill of science process in observing, classifyng, predicting, measuring, concluding, and communicating aspects.
The Effect Of Applying Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) Model on the Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities In Budidaya Lele (BDL) Subject Grade 11 SMA N 10 Semarang
Authors: Amalia Devi , Yuniastuti Ari , Isnaeni Wiwi
Published: February 2021

SMA Negeri 10 Semarang is a school in Semarang which applies Budidaya Lele (BDL) subject. This subject is in accordance with the learning reference in the 2013 Curriculum. One of the goals to be achieved in the 2013 Curriculum is improving students’ critical thinking abilities. However, the facts show that students’ critical thinking abilities in SMA Negeri 10 Semarang are still low. One factor causing the low level of critical thinking abilities is conventional learning model implementation and teacher-centered. One of the learning models that can help improve students’ critical thinking abilities is Guided Discovery Learning (GDL). This study aims to investigate the effect of GDL model on students’ critical thinking abilities of grade 11 science in BDL subject. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The research object was students in 11 science 4 class as the experimental class applying GDL model and students in 11 science 3 class as the control class applying conventional learning model. The aspects of critical thinking abilities measured were ability to provide simple explanation, ability to develop basic skills by using the indicators of considering trusted sources, ability to draw conclusion, ability to provide further explanation, and ability to manage strategies and tactics. The data was collected through tests and questionnaires. The data of test results was analyzed by using T test using SPSS and N-Gain test in Microsoft Excel 2010, while the questionnaire data was descriptively analyzed. The data analysis result of T test shows a mean difference in the experiment class and control class indicated by sig. value (2-tailed) as much as 0.000. The result of N-gain test, the experimental class has 0.43 value with medium criteria and the control class has 0.24 value with low criteria. The results of the two tests show that GDL model implementation affects students’ critical thinking abilities in the experimental class in BDL lesson. Students in the experimental class applying GDL model have better critical thinking abilities compared to students in the control class which does not apply GDL model.
Project-Based Learning: A Hands-On Activity to Improve Students’ Scientific Writing Skills through Lesson Study in Microtechnique Course
Authors: Permana Tutut Indria , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2021

Project-based learning has been recognized as a dynamic classroom approach in which students actively explore real-world problems to obtain deeper knowledge. This study aimed to describe the implementation of project-based learning to improve students’ scientific writing skills. This action research study conducted based on Lesson Study (LS) which incorporated plan-do-see phase. The descriptive research was using 40 undergraduate students in the sixth semester in Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang who attended Microtechnique course. The students’ scientific writing skills were measured using student worksheet which asked them to develop a scientific article. The measured parameters were how student proposed introduction, problem statement, method, result, discussion, conclusion, and reference. The data were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that students’ scientific writing skills were improved after implementing project-based learning. Some of the obstacles to implementing LS were related to the schedule and preparation. It can be resolved by conducting more intense coordination and regular discussions involving all research members.
Caracterización dos cambios na superficie agrícola mediante técnicas de regresión: comarca de Terra Chá, 1956-2004
Authors: Corbelle Rico Eduardo , Santé Riveira Inés
Published: February 2021

Os cambios do uso do solo, especialmente aqueles que afectan dun modo ou outro á actividade agrícola, constitúen un tema de grande interese en Galicia debido ás importantes repercusións de tipo ambiental, económico e cultural que implican. Non obstante, estes atópanse en grande medida pendentes de ser estudados, particularmente desde o punto de vista territorial e a escala detallada. Neste traballo preséntase a utilización dunha técnica de base estatística para avaliar a influencia de diversas variables de tipo biofísico, estrutural e socioeconómico sobre a distribución xeográfica dos cambios que afectaron á superficie agrícola na comarca de Terra Chá entre os anos 1956 e 2004. Os resultados mostran que se ben o cese da actividade agrícola tivo lugar preferentemente nas áreas máis difíciles de mecanizar e máis afastadas das explotacións, con carácter xeral este deu lugar á rexeneración natural do mato nas áreas máis afastadas dos núcleos de poboación e situadas a maior altitude, mentres que deu lugar á existencia de arborado en moitas áreas máis accesibles. Respecto da transición en sentido contrario (de mato a superficie agrícola), evidénciase nos resultados a grande importancia de variables relativas ás características estruturais das parcelas na roturación de terras de monte para ser utilizadas pola agricultura na actualidade.