bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Mentoring Programs in Engineering and Technology Education
Authors: Hansman Catherine A.
Published: October 2016

Mentoring relationships have long been viewed as essential to encourage the career development of engineering and technology students. The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the concepts of shared power, self-directed learning, critical reflection, and potential for transformative learning in mentoring models and programs, exploring research and models that reflect these concepts in their program design and “curriculum” for mentoring. The article concludes with an analysis of mentoring models and suggestions for future research and practice for mentoring in higher educational institutions engineering and technology programs that may lead to active and transformative learning among mentors and protégés in these programs.
A Big Data Test-bed for Analyzing Data Generated by an Air Pollution Sensor Network
Authors: Ríos Lídice García , Diéguez José Alberto Incera
Published: October 2016

Sensor networks have perceived an extraordinary growth in the last few years. From niche industrial and military applications, they are currently deployed in a wide range of settings as sensors are becoming smaller, cheaper and easier to use. Sensor networks are a key player in the so-called Internet of Things, generating exponentially increasing amounts of data. Nonetheless, there are very few documented works that tackle the challenges related with the collection, manipulation and exploitation of the data generated by these networks. This paper presents a proposal for integrating Big Data tools (in rest and in motion) for gathering, storage and analysis of data generated by a sensor network that monitors air pollution levels in a city. The authors provide a proof of concept that combines Hadoop and Storm for data processing, storage and analysis, and Arduino-based kits for constructing their sensor prototypes.
A Study on Online Social Networks Theme Semantic Computing Model
Authors: Fu Chen , Yuemei Xu , Yihan Ni
Published: October 2016

The widespread use of Mobile Intelligent Terminals and ubiquitous access to networks has enabled online information sources including Weibo and Wechat to bring huge impact to the society. Only a few words of network information can expand rapidly and catalyze the generation of a huge amount of information. The highly real-time content, fission-like spreading rate and enormous public opinion guiding forces created in this process will cast great influence on the society. Thus, semantic computing on online social networks and research on topics about emergencies have great significance. In this article, a numerical model of text semantic analysis based on artificial neural network is proposed, and a semantic computational algorithm for social network texts as well as a discovery algorithm for emergencies is provided with reference to the information provided by the social nodes itself and the semantic of the text. Through the numerization of text, the calculation and comparison of semantic distance, the classification of nodes and the discovery of community can be realized. In this article, semantic vector of micro-information for nodes and closure extension of semantic extensions are defined in order to build up an equivalence of short sentences, and in turn realize the discovery of emergencies. Then, huge quantities of Sina Weibo contents are collected to verify the model and algorithm put forward in this article. In the end, outlooks for future jobs are provided.
Deflection Analysis of Non Prismatic Beam with Trapezoidal Sectorial Section with Uniformly Perpendicular Loading Condition
Authors: Patel Chetankumar M. , Kothari Kartik D. , Acharya Ghanshyam D.
Published: October 2016

Non-prismatic beams are extensively used for many engineering application. Due to varying section, deflection analysis becomes very complex. Loading condition also makes the whole theory complex. This paper shows analytical analysis for the deflection of trapezoidal sectorial section with uniformly perpendicular loading condition. The method illustrated is comparatively easy and can be applied for the similar other sections as well. Analytical method is validated using Finite Element Analysis using Creo Simulation which shows good amount of match with analytical result.
Numerical Estimation of Rolling Load and Torque for Hot Flat Rolling of HCSS316 at Low Strain Rates Based on Mean Temperature
Authors: Sadiq Taoheed O. , Fadara Taiwo G. , Aiyedun Peter O. , Idris Jamaliah
Published: October 2016

Numerical estimation of rolling load and torque often showed large discrepancies when compared with experimental values. This was attributed to difficulty in estimating the mean rolling temperature from the available data. This work is thus directed at obtaining a good estimate for the mean rolling temperature which can effectively be used for load and torque estimates. Hot flat rolling stimulation by use of the Bland and Ford’s cold rolling (HRBF) theory confirmed the reverse sandwich effect in selected carbon steels at low strain rates. In this work, the effect of pass reduction on rolling temperature distribution, yield stress and rolling load were studied for AISI Type 316 stainless steel (HSCSS316). For this new simulation, at low and high strain rates, results showed that the ratio of experimental to calculated rolling load and torque were higher at lower reduction than at higher reduction. These results confirmed excess load and torque in the hot rolling of HSCSS316 low reductions. The results obtained from Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s Theory based on Root Mean Square rolling temperature were in good agreement with values obtained using Reverse Sandwich Model and the Reverse Sandwich- Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s Program under the same rolling conditions.
Reliability Assessment of Degradable Systems under Imperfect Maintenance and Utilisation Rate: A Case Study
Authors: Mahfoud Hassana , El Barkany Abdellah , El Biyaali Ahmed
Published: October 2016

Medical equipment is the biggest capital investment of every healthcare industry and ensuring the reliability and maintenance for critical devices is vital for Patient/user safety and better availability of services. To keep the medical device in a good operational condition, Inspection based maintenance activities have been the most usual means. The purpose of this study is to establish an improved delay time framework to model the two-stage failure process taking into account the influence of the utilization rate on the system’s degradation on the assumption of imperfect maintenance at inspection. This proportional delay time model is seldom considered in DTMs widely used in literature. A complete framework, for Parameters estimation method and the test for goodness of fit is given. To illustrate the model capabilities, a reel case study from the healthcare domain is presented, the model parameters are estimated entirely using the collected maintenance data. Then, the maximum likelihood estimation of the reliability parameters is achieved by Genetic Algorithms.
The Impact of Privatisation of Healthcare Equipment and Technology SOEs on Productivity in Africa
Authors: Yiranbon Ethel , Zhou Lu Lin , Asante Antwi Henry , Nisar Numir
Published: October 2016

Upon the attainment of independence many African countries emerged with a new spirit of entrepreneurial governance and domestic industrialization. However with time, most of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) set up have been privatized largely because of mismanagement, huge deficits and operational inefficiencies created by many factors. In all material moments, the objective of divesture of SOEs was to stimulate efficiency, productivity and relieve the state of the huge financial burden they bring. Our study examines the methods of privatization of healthcare technology and equipment SOEs in Africa and their impact on post-divestiture productivity based on cases from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya.We simultaneously collect and model privatization data from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank relating to Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya. These were data submitted to the IMF and World Bank as part of the measures to implement the different forms of economic recovery and structural adjustment programs in the respective countries. Our empirical strategy follows the broader literature in estimating reduced form equations for firm performance as a function of ownership, while trying to account for potential problems of heterogeneity (observed and unobserved) and simultaneity bias. We note the insider/employee shareholding accounted for only 23.6 percent of privatization of healthcare equipments and technology manufacturing enterprises on average while mass privatization program accounts for 18.2 percent of the privatization mode. We note that each of these methods yield positive post divestiture labour productivity. However privatization of healthcare equipment and technology manufacturing enterprises by block sale to outside investors generated the highest form of labour productivity.
Investigation of Functionally Graded Aluminium A356 Alloy and A356-10%SiCp Composite for Hydro Turbine Bucket Application
Authors: Ebhota Williams S. , Karun Akhil S. , Inambao Freddie L.
Published: October 2016

The study investigates the application of centrifugal casting process in the production of a complex shape component, Pelton turbine bucket. The bucket materials examined were functionally graded aluminium A356 alloy and A356-10%SiCp composite. A permanent mould for the casting of the bucket was designed with a Solidworks software and fabricated by the combination of CNC machining and welding. Oil hardening non-shrinking die steel (OHNS) was chosen for the mould material. The OHNS was heat treated and a hardness of 432 BHN was obtained. The mould was put into use, the buckets of A356 Alloy and A356-10%SiCp composite were cast, cut and machined into specimens. Some of the specimens were given T6 heat treatment and the specimens were prepared according to the designed investigations. The micrographs of A356-10%SiCp composite shows more concentration of SiCp particles at the inner periphery of the bucket. The maximum hardness of As-Cast A356 and A356-10%SiCp composite were 60 BRN and 95BRN respectively, recorded at the inner periphery of the bucket. And these values appreciated to 98BRN and 122BRN for A356 alloy and A356-10%SiCp composite respectively after heat treatment. The prediction curves of the ultimate tensile stress and yield tensile stress show the same trend as the hardness curves.
Comparative Study of Solar Water Heating Systems - Flat Plate Collector (FPC) with Evacuated Tube Collector
Authors: David Jefferson Stanley , Viveckraj Jayaraman , Seralathan Sivamani , Varatharajan K.
Published: October 2016

Solar energy is one of the alternatives to replace the use of conventional energy sources to heat water for domestic use. This paper focuses on the design and fabrication of a second generation indigenized FPC with locally available low cost material and compares its performance with existing costlier ETC solar water heating system. Readings of FPC and ETC are taken on different days at different time intervals having varied climatic conditions and humidity levels. Analysis of data showed that the rate of temperature rise in ETC is higher than FPC. The maximum temperature reached by these two solar water heating system varies from 2°C to 4°C. The difference between ETC and the indigenized FPC is the time taken to reach the peak temperature. This is due to a better conversion factor and a comparatively low thermal loss factor of ETC. Considering the energy saving involved, as the difference in temperature between FPC and ETC ranges from 0.10°C to 6.80°C, FPC is better suited to heat water for domestic uses given the climatic conditions prevailing in Coimbatore city, India.
Renewable Night Cooled Chill Water Source for Energy Efficient Indoor Radiant Cooling
Authors: Imran Muhammad Syukri , Baharun Azhaili , Ibrahim Siti Halipah , bin Wan Zainal Abidin Wan Azlan
Published: October 2016

This study investigates cooling of water at night in Malaysian climate as renewable cooling medium source for radiant cooling purpose. An experiment with a 1.95 m2 steel roof rig structure was constructed and night cooling cycle was conducted during the hot season and cold season of the year. Regression model was developed to predict water temperature after the night cooling process and the corresponding water and roof ratio was established. An annual simulation of a low income home model retrofitted with radiant cooling system charged by night cooled water as cooling medium shows that 99% of the time the thermal condition could meet ISO 7730 category C PMV between-0.7 and + 0.7 . For an outdoor ASHRAE design day condition, the peak indoor operative temperature of 37oC could be lowered to about 30oC with the use of radiant cooling system. The calculated energy saving for the home model was 85% or about 15% of the conventional air system operating cost.
DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AT RISK: THE CASE OF PALATAKI AND THE OLD MINING COMPLEX AT LIMENARIA OF THASSOS (GREECE)
Authors: Lianos Nikolaos , Stamnas Anastasios
Published: October 2016

Following completion of the 1st Workshop of Digital Documentation of Monuments Using 3d Laser Scanner organized by the Laboratory of Architectural Theory of Forms and Preservation Studies, Faculty of Architecture, DUTh, the present study was undertaken mainly to focus on the application of advanced techniques, such as the 3d laser scanner, for the geometric documentation of the mining complex at the town of Limenaria of the island of Thassos, an abandoned and discredited monument for almost half a century. The key purpose of the laboratory work was the instruction of new technologies in surveying and documentation and their contribution to preservation, protection and restoration of monuments. The Field of practice was the former Speidel headquarters, known as "Palataki", and the abandoned mining complex at Limenaria, a unique example of industrial heritage at risk. The main objective of the laboratory was the documentation and the recording of this monument in order to protect it and highlight its historical value and cultural significance to the public.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT APPROACH OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF THE BELGIAN NORTH SEA
Authors: Decock Michiel , Stal Cornelis , Van Ackere Samuel , Vandenbulcke Annelies , De Maeyer Philippe , De Wulf Alain
Published: October 2016

The knowledge of the submerged cultural heritage in the North Sea is rather limited. The Belgian North Sea is being used for a lot of different purposes, such as fishing, aggregate extraction, wind farms, dredging, etc. Due to these increasing economic activities, the underwater archive is in danger. In the context of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage of 2001, gathering more information about the submerged cultural heritage in the intertidal zones of the North Sea is one of the main objectives of the Belgian scientific project ‘SeArch’. It will give a clearer picture of the broader cultural and archaeological heritage in the region and it can be used as a basis for a sustainable management by government agencies. The Department of Geography (Ghent University, Belgium) contributes to the SeArch project in two ways. First, an innovative survey methodology has been developed which allows an accurate and cost-efficient evaluation of the archaeological potential in the intertidal zones of the Belgian beaches. Secondly, the Department of Geography is developing an interactive webGIS platform, which makes it possible to share, integrate and visualize the gathered archaeological and environmental data and information in a user-friendly way. Hereby, the total potential of this project is fully exploited in a time-efficient manner. To create an interactive webGIS platform, a good structured spatial database is needed. It enables manipulation of a wide variety of georeferenced information in both raster and vector formats. This paper provides more information about the configuration and application of the spatial database. Moreover, it focusses on the development of a fully functional Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) using the most reliable, powerful and state-of-the-art technological components. Besides, a new  way of collecting geomatic data in a fast and accurate manner will be discussed. Some processing results will show the possibilities for detecting and visualizing underground structures and archaeological objects.
CRITICAL READING OF SURVIVING STRUCTURES STARTING FROM OLD STUDIES FOR NEW RECONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSAL OF THE ROMAN THEATRE OF CATANIA
Authors: Gabellone Francesco , Malfitana Daniele , Cacciaguerra Giuseppe , Ferrari Ivan , Giuri Francesco , Pantellaro Claudia
Published: October 2016

The Graeco-Roman theatre of Catania stands in the heart of the historic centre, on the south-eastern slopes of the hill of Montevergine. The building visible today was built during the Julio-Claudian period as part of a programme that saw the rebuilding of the monument, which probably used structures and materials from the earlier Greek theatre. The work undertaken over more than fifty years, involving expropriation, demolition, excavation, and restoration, has, on the whole, made it possible to bring to light the surviving parts of the theatre, improving the comprehension of this monument, despite the fact that some sectors have been irreparably compromised.
SIMULACIÓN 3D CON INTERFACES HÁPTICAS PARA LA RECUPERACION DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL DEL TREN EN RIOBAMBA
Authors: Duque Miguel Angel , Proaño Fernando , Santos Ramiro
Published: October 2016

The present work had studied and determined various levels of usability and interactivity in haptic interfaces for manipulating 3D applications. It was applied to a Heritage Cultural system composed by Train Station and Steam Locomotive. A physical model and a railroad model were built. The system was operated by high school students. The information gathering was performed by the deductive method, collecting data about preferences, needs, and requirements for developing a 3D virtual environment using 3DSMAX 2011 Trial (3D Modeled Software) and Unity 4.3 Trial (Simulation Software), capable to engage and transmit information relevant to geographical, social and cultural aspects of the central highlands. Subsequently connected to a real model controlled by electronic systems. The inquiry made from high school students shows that 56 % possess ability and willingness for interfaces manipulation. Also, it was found an 80% of criteria for usability acceptance, and interactivity of 84% towards the current applications on mobile devices. As the final evaluation of the application, it was shown that the intervention of haptic interfaces on threedimensional applications connected to tangible environments, increased 95% of the usability and 100% of interactivity. We conclude that combining virtual systems with real ones accelerates learning processes at the secondary education level. It improves retention of information and allows the user to actively participate in virtual environments, converting recreational applications into academic and research tools.
VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION APPLIED TO THE RECOVERY AND HERITAGE DISCLOSURE OF THE OLD VILLAGE OF BELCHITE
Authors: Alfaro Rodríguez Ana , Biel María Pilar , Gutiérrez Diego
Published: October 2016

Virtual reconstruction allows recovering missing heritage whilst becoming a useful tool for documenting and disseminating, when physical reconstruction is non-viable. This article explains the application of new technologies of virtual reconstruction (modelling and photogrammetry) to the recovery of the historic-artistic heritage of the Old Village of Belchite, specifically applied to the case of the San Augustin’s Convent. This village was a battle scene in the Spanish Civil War in 1937 which has been abandoned since 1964. These days, it presents a state of ruin that increases exponentially over the time.
Latent variables definition for a new mobility model in Barcelona
Authors: Puignau Sara Ahetze , Di Ciommo Floridea , Saurí Sergi
Published: October 2016

Based on the recent travel behaviour literature, time and space perceptions and the awareness of shared economy seem to gain importance in mobility patterns. The objective of this article is to evaluate how far the behaviour of new generations brings about different mobility patterns in Barcelona. For this purpose, we have designed a web-based survey that provides innovative revealed-preference data.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2146
Cycling as a mode of transport for people over 30 years old on a mountainous town
Authors: Maciel Luiza
Published: October 2016

The relationship between active transportation and its role in health of population motivated the continuation of a pilot study evaluating the use of bicycles in a mountain town. The objective was to evaluate people over 30 years old, with different physical abilities, in a predefined route and check if the relief was impediment. The studied divided the riders into 2 groups: active and sedentary. It was performed a comparison of the physiological impact (heart rate, blood pressure) and a subjective perception (modified Borg's scale), ranking the degrees of difficulty during route stretches. The participants filled in a form before and after the course. Most sedentary participants, despite having greater difficulty and reaching higher heart rates on certain stretches, managed to make the trip. It suggests that the current technology of the bike allows people less physically conditioned to be able to use the bike in mountain cities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2263
Modelo de estimación de matrices y flujo en rutas ruta usando densidad de flujos en arcos
Authors: Gonzalez Rojas Felipe Alberto
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo presentamos un modelo que permite estimar, simultáneamente, flujos en rutas y matrices de viajes en redes de transporte congestionadas, usando información sobre la densidad vehicular en los arcos de la red, bajo un enfoque macroscópico. La ventaja de usar densidades en lugar de flujos es que evita errores que se producen al relacionar flujo y costo en cada arco cuando la congestión es alta. Además, la metodología permite estimar matrices y flujos en rutas usando una imagen de la red (e.g. fotografía que identifique el número de autos en cada arco). El modelo se basa en formular un problema de optimización de máxima entropía sujeto a restricciones lineales que se obtienen de los datos de densidad vehicular en los arcos de la red.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2491
Efectos de la conducción eficiente en el tráfico y las emisiones mediante micro-simulación
Authors: Garcia-Castro Alvaro , Monzón de Cáceres Andrés
Published: October 2016

El transporte por carretera es uno de los principales causantes de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero y del deterioro de la calidad del aire en nuestras ciudades. Para atajar este problema las administraciones competentes están promoviendo diferentes medidas entre las que se encuentra el fomento de una conducción eficiente. La conducción eficiente comprende variadas recomendaciones para conseguir disminuir el consumo de combustible y las emisiones, entre las que se pueden citar conducir con marchas altas, evitar aceleraciones y frenadas bruscas o el mantenimiento de una distancia de seguridad suficiente para reaccionar suavemente a las variaciones del tráfico. Muchos estudios cifran los ahorros de combustible individuales entre el 5% y el 20%, pero apenas se encuentran investigaciones acerca de resultados globales según se incorporan más conductores eficientes al corredor o zona de estudio. En esta ponencia se describe el proceso de simulación de conducción eficiente para diferentes ratios de penetración entre los conductores. Para ello se parte de un análisis estadístico de perfiles de velocidad reales recogidos en ciertos itinerarios de Madrid, realizados primero con una conducción normal y posteriormente siguiendo las recomendaciones de un curso de conducción eficiente. A partir de este análisis se calibra el modelo de micro-simulación (Vissim), para posteriormente plantear diversos escenarios en función de la intensidad de tráfico y del porcentaje de conductores eficientes y calcular las emisiones mediante el modelo VERSIT+. Entre los problemas medioambientales más trascendentales para la sociedad, se encuentra el del cambio climático así como el de la calidad del aire en nuestras áreas metropolitanas. Los resultados muestran que los ahorros individuales son mayores en porcentaje que los ahorros globales. Incluso, en el escenario con mayor congestión, un mayor porcentaje de conductores eficiente provoca una mayor congestión y por tanto un aumento de las emisiones de CO2 y NOx.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3130
METAHEURISTIC ANALYSIS IN REVERSE LOGISTICS OF WASTE
Authors: Serrano Elena Antonio
Published: October 2016

This paper focuses in the use of search metaheuristic techniques on a dynamic and deterministic model to analyze and solve cost optimization problems and location in reverse logistics, within the field of municipal waste management of Málaga (Spain). In this work we have selected two metaheuristic techniques having relevance in present research, to test the validity of the proposed approach: an important technique for its international presence as is the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and another interesting technique that works with swarm intelligence as is the Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO). These metaheuristic techniques will be used to solve cost optimization problems and location of MSW recovery facilities (transfer centers and treatment plants).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3163
Sustainability in urban transport plans. Case study: Monorail in a hillside area in Medellín
Authors: Pineda Jaramillo Juan Diego
Published: October 2016

One of the most important concepts today is the incorporation of sustainability in urban transport plans. This paper presents the importance that sustainable urban transport plans must have on mobility policy in cities. It also shows the factors that make a transportation mode like urban railway be sustainable. Finally, the Monorail project in the Metropolitan Green Belt (Medellín-Colombia) is presented, showing its implication on the mobility in this low-income region and its integration with urban and regional plans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3183
EXPERIMENTAL MEASURES OF BUS COMFORT LEVELS USING KINEMATIC PARAMETERS RECORDED BY SMARTPHONE
Authors: PUNGILLO GIUSEPPE , DELL'AQUILA SALVATORE , EBOLI LAURA , FUTIA GIUSEPPE , MAZZULLA GABRIELLA
Published: October 2016

Comfort on board plays an essential role in the levels of satisfaction of a bus service perceived by passengers. The aim of this paper is to propose a measure of comfort based on two kinds of data: perceptions of passengers (subjective data) and accelerations of bus (objective data). For the collection of subjective data a questionnaire was addressed to a sample of university students, while a smartphone, equipped with GPS device and 3-axis accelerometer, was used to record the accelerations. Based on the recorded parameters, we determined the thresholds of the acceleration values beyond which the level of comfort cannot be considered as good.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3203
Social optimal shifts and fares of taxi services
Authors: Salanova Grau Josep Maria , Estrada Romeu Miquel
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a mathematical model for supporting the decision and policy making related to the optimal determination of shifts and fares of taxi services in a major city. The model is based on the system’s generalized cost function and uses continuous approximations and geometric probabilities for estimating the key performance indicators of the taxi market, which are waiting and access time for the customers (in-vehicle travel time does not depend on the offer side) and benefits for the drivers. The model is based on an econometric model with the inclusion of an elastic demand, which allows the estimation of the optimal values for the two decision variables of the problem: fare structure and the taxi fleet size. The model also accounts for a full-day time period instead of the one-hour time frame models used in most of the taxi models, which allows for providing insights on the daily duration and distribution of the shifts that should be defined by the policy makers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3254
CAR FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES: THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR RECONSIDERED
Authors: Lucas Alba Antonio , Blanch Micó María Teresa , Bellés Rivera Teresa , Ferruz Gracia Ana Mª , Melchor-Galán Óscar Manuel , Delgado Pastor Luis Carlos , Ruíz Jimenez Francisco , Chóliz Montañés Mariano
Published: October 2016

Engineering and psychophysiological car following models emerge in the late 1950s (Saifuzzaman & Zheng, 2014). Such models differ in their ground concepts and explanatory mechanisms, but both assume a fundamental tenet: following each other, drivers invariably attempt to couple, keeping safety distance. More recent models focus on the spontaneous emergence of traffic jams that results from the properties of a system of interacting vehicles (i.e., without bottlenecks). In an experimental setting Sugiyama et al., (2008) have successfully recreated the conditions that allow the observation of the typical soliton wave going backwards through several car clusters. When certain speed, density and inter-vehicular distance join, so do traffic jams. Some of us have built upon these and other factors (e.g., wave movement in nature) exploring the mathematical properties of a system with three incognita that also needs three variables to be solved (Melchor & Sánchez, 2014). Two canonical car-following techniques emerge as a consequence: Driving to keep safety Distance (DD) vs Inertia (DI). Also a basic question: can drivers actually understand and follow either way, or do they stick to a basic normative driving behavior? This paper summarizes the results after three experimental studies done with a driving simulator. Several performance measures from individual drivers (accelerations, decelerations, average speed, distance to leader, and so on) were taken. As an overall indicator, results consistently announce in the three studies that DI trips consume less fuel (about 20%) than DD ones.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3406
Preferencia de uso de un monorriel en una zona de ladera con población de bajos ingresos en la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Pineda Jaramillo Juan Diego , Sarmiento Ordosgoitia Iván Reinaldo
Published: October 2016

La sostenibilidad es un concepto cada vez más importante en los proyectos de transporte urbano. Asimismo, las condiciones de pobreza de poblaciones en laderas de ciudades latinoamericanas requieren de soluciones novedosas y de la estimación de la demanda de viajeros. Este artículo presenta el cálculo de la demanda de un monorriel mediante modelación de elección discreta, para lo cual se parte de una investigación cualitativa a través de las técnicas de grupo focal, con el que se identifican las variables que influyen en la elección. El caso de aplicación se ubica en lo que se conoce como el Cinturón Verde Metropolitano de Medellín, en las laderas de esta ciudad. Las variables significativas para viajes cortos al centro fueron el tiempo, el costo y la comodidad, y se usaron para calibrar un Modelo Logit Mixto (MXL), y estimar la influencia que tiene cada una de ellas. El número de transbordos no resultó significativo. El conjunto de modos considerados para viajes al centro de la ciudad incluyó la caminata, el bus, un taxi informal, Metrocable, y el nuevo monorriel. Se demuestra que la probabilidad de captación del modo monorriel entre los residentes de la zona de estudio varía entre aproximadamente el 12 y 25%, dependiendo de la variación de las variables influyentes en la elección modal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3393
IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE LA VARIACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES DE LA CONCESIÓN DE LA AP-7 EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA A PARTIR DEL AÑO 2020.
Authors: Pérez Zamora José Enrique
Published: October 2016

La autopista AP-7 forma parte del corredor viario del mediterráneo, uno de los grandes corredores de la Unión Europea, y comunica Francia con Algeciras. En la actualidad, gran parte de la misma dentro de la Comunidad Valenciana se encuentra en régimen de concesión, que se extingue a finales de 2019. Esta situación futura creará un impacto económico en dicho territorio que merece ser estudiado desde el punto de vista técnico. Para ello, se realiza un estudio del tráfico actual y una prognosis hasta el año 2040, donde se plantean diferentes escenarios basados en las transferencias del tráfico hacia la AP-7 desde ejes paralelos según el coste del peaje. Se divide la autopista en dos tramos bien diferenciados, uno norte que va desde el límte de Castellón a Sagunto, y otro sur desde Algemesí hasta El Campello. Además, se tienen en cuenta las actuaciones que pretenden llevarse a cabo en las carreteras afectadas según el plan de inversión estatal PITVI. Para poder comparar los diferentes escenarios propuestos se plantea la creación de un ratio, definiéndose así el ‘ratio específico’ que compara económicamente las vías a través de la movilidad de vehículos que se experimenta en cada carretera por unidad de longitud, frente a los costes que conlleva su explotación (peaje), conservación e inversión de las nuevas actuaciones previstas. Al final se obtienen las conclusiones que ayuden a las administraciones afectadas sobre la decisión a tomar en la renovación o no de la concesión de la AP-7 a partir del año 2020.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3406
Alternate Double Single Track Lines
Authors: Grande Andrade Zacarias , Moraga Contreras Paola , Castillo Ron Enrique
Published: October 2016

The paper discusses the advantages and shortcomings of alternate double single track (ADST) lines with respect to double track lines for high speed lines. ADST lines consists of sequences of double and single track segments optimally selected in order to reduce the construction and maintenance costs of railway lines and to optimize the timetables used to satisfy a given demand. The single tracks are selected to coincide with expensive segments (tunnels and viaducts) and the double tracks are chosen to coincide with flat areas and only where they are necessary. At the same time, departure times are adjusted for trains to cross at the cheap double track segments. This alternative can be used for new lines and also for existing conventional lines where some new tracks are to be constructed to reduce travel time (increase speed). The ADST proposal is illustrated with some examples of both types (new lines and where conventional lines exist), including the Palencia-Santander, the Santiago-Valparaíso-Viña del Mar and the Dublin-Belfast lines, where very important reductions (90 %) are obtained, especially where a railway infrastructure already exist.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3426
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL MODELO TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (T.O.D.) EN LA CIUDAD DE ALICANTE
Authors: Fernández Aracil Patricia , Fernández Herráiz Héctor , Sánchez Galiano Juan Carlos , Ortuño Padilla Armando
Published: October 2016

Con el objetivo de combatir los efectos negativos causados por los desarrollos urbanos dispersos o en baja densidad, así como los derivados de la excesiva utilización del vehículo privado para los desplazamientos diarios en la ciudad de Alicante, en el presente artículo se describe un ejemplo de aplicación práctica de implantación del modelo Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) desde una perspectiva integral. Para ello, se considera la fusión de diversos aspectos metodológicos, que resultan complementarios durante la elaboración del estudio y se exponen brevemente en las siguientes líneas. En primer lugar, mediante el análisis de resultados del estudio de movilidad, efectuado previamente, a propósito de este estudio, es posible averiguar el área de influencia de las paradas de la línea 2 del TRAM (sistema de tranvitrén existente en Alicante) comprendidas en el municipio de Alicante, ámbito al cual se ciñe este proceso de implementación de TOD. En segundo lugar, la recopilación de diferentes variables de bases de datos específicas permite plasmar matemática y gráficamente el modelo Node-Place, mediante el cual es posible caracterizar el entorno de las citadas paradas de TRAM, así como clasificarlas atendiendo al cálculo de dos tipos de indicadores: de nodo, relativos a accesibilidad y a los medios de transporte presentes en el área de influencia, y de lugar, relativos a la diversidad e intensidad de los usos del suelo cercanos a cada estación. Por último, se presentan las propuestas de actuación que servirían para materializar el modelo TOD en la ciudad en una estación en concreto: aquella que demuestra tener más potencialidad para ello tras analizar el modelo Node-Place. Las medidas de desarrollo urbanístico que promueve el modelo TOD se focalizan en: potenciar el uso del transporte público, densidades de viviendas medias y altas, mezcla de usos urbanos y calles paseables.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3431
Contribución de las aplicaciones móviles a la Seguridad vial. Drive Smart como ejemplo de aplicación.
Authors: Lijarcio Cárcel José Ignacio , Martí-Belda Bertolín Ana , Boso Segui Patricia , López Osma Consuelo
Published: October 2016

En los últimos años han proliferado las aplicaciones móviles que contribuyen, en diferentes aspectos, a mejorar la movilidad. En este contexto, se ha desarrollado la aplicación móvil Drive Smart, con el objetivo de analizar y mejorar el comportamiento del usuario al volante. A través de la utilización de dicha aplicación se obtiene un conjunto de datos que se transforman en un paquete de incidencias en la conducción, siendo éstas: velocidad, aceleración, frenada, paso por curva y anticipación al tráfico. Drive Smart analiza los eventos de tráfico registrados en el contexto en el que han ocurrido y como parte de una maniobra, más allá de la individualidad de un evento. Además, tiene la capacidad de asistir al conductor, dándole un informe posterior a su conducción que le sirva de autoformación y con consejos prácticos orientados a mejorar la conducta en temas particulares, mediante mensajes específicos de distintas tipologías (jurídico, eficiencia y sensibilizador). A través de este proyecto, se pretende demostrar la viabilidad y utilidad de los modernos mecanismos telemáticos en combinación con el estudio psicosociológico y las diversas técnicas de análisis estadístico de datos basados en Machine Learning. Los datos obtenidos de la aplicación móvil junto con datos sociodemográficos permiten obtener las principales variables de movilidad, además, pueden utilizarse para definir la base algorítmica en futuros estudios con mayor calado, teniendo una matriz estadística preliminar que permita generar procesos paralelos en el futuro.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3472
SMART MOBILITY IN SMART CITIES
Authors: Baucells Aletà Neus
Published: October 2016

Cities are currently undergoing a transformation into the Smart concept, like Smartphones or SmartTV. Many initiatives are being developed in the framework of the Smart Cities projects, however, there is a lack of consistent indicators and methodologies to assess, finance, prioritize and implement this kind of projects. Smart Cities projects are classified according to six axes: Government, Mobility, Environment, Economy, People and Living. (Giffinger, 2007) The main objective of this research is to develop an evaluation model in relation to the mobility concept as one of the six axes of the Smart City classification and apply it to the Spanish cities. The evaluation was carried out in the 62 cities that made up in September 2015 the Spanish Network of Smart Cities (RECI- Red Española de Ciudades Inteligentes). This research is part of a larger project about Smart Cities’ evaluation (+CITIES), the project evaluates RECI’s cities in all the axes. The analysis was carried out taking into account sociodemographic indicators such as the size of the city or the municipal budget per inhabitant. The mobility’s evaluation in those cities has been focused in: sustainability mobility urban plans and measures to reduce the number of vehicles. The 62 cities from the RECI have been evaluated according to their degree of progress in several Smart Cities’ initiatives related to smart mobility. The applied methodology has been specifically made for this project. The grading scale has different ranks depending on the deployment level of smart cities’ initiatives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3485
EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SUCCESFUL ROAD PPP PROJECTS
Authors: Garrido Maza Laura
Published: October 2016

The EU has been promoting the use of PPPs in order to accelerate the development of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) for ensuring economic, social and territorial cohesion and increasing accessibility throughout the Union. To encourage the use of PPPs, the European Commission has put several financing mechanisms at the disposal of the Member States, including a series of innovative financial instruments developed along with the European Investment Bank. The Bank has in turn played a major role in the promotion and financing of PPPs across the EU. The paper undertakes a review of the main financial instruments developed by the EU that are available to PPPs so as to determinate to what extent the European financial support has been channelled to road projects under that scheme in Spain. On the basis of the results obtained, a multiple regression model has been developed to analyse whether the PPP projects which enjoyed the financial support of the European Union tend to be significantly more successful from an economic point of view. The paper concludes that there is a positive correlation between receiving European financial support and the success of the PPP road projects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3492
LA EFICIENCIA TECNICA EN LAS TERMINALES DE CONTENEDORES A PARTIR DE LA LEY DE BENFORD: Aplicación a los puertos españoles
Authors: Pesquera Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Coto Millán Pablo Pedro , Diaz Medina Benito , Castanedo Galán Juan
Published: October 2016

Las terminales de contenedores en los puertos son los nodos del sistema de transportes derivado de un sistema abierto y complejo como es el del flujo de las mercancías en el intercambio de bienes.La eficiencia técnica se da en economía, utilizando todos sus recursos de manera eficiente, produciendo el máximo de producción con el mínimo de recursos.En la presente ponencia se demuestra que la función de distribución de equilibrio de los movimiento de contenedores en los puertos se ajusta bien a la denominada ley de Benford, del primer digito, o de distribución desigual de dígitos en datos numéricos, ley de potencia que se obtiene como resultado de maximizar la entropía de Shannon, lo que significa obtener la mayor eficiencia técnica.Del ajuste de la ley de Benford con los resultados obtenidos para los puertos españoles en los tráficos totales y de contenedores, nos abre una nueva línea de investigación para comprobar la eficiencia de los puertos y poder plantear mejoras para su funcionamiento.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3496
ANALISIS DINÁMICO DE COSTOS DE OPERACIÓN LOGÍSTICA
Authors: Tellez Vazquez Sandra , Serrato Roberto Baeza
Published: October 2016

Guanajuato es considerada una de las plataformas logísticas más importantes de  México debido  a que la mayoría de los cruces interoceánicos atraviesan la entidad. De acuerdo con datos estadísticos de Secretaria de Economía el sector de transporte de carga continuará creciendo anualmente entre 15 y 20%,  y desde Guanajuato se maneja el 74% de la carga consolidada de la región y 9% del total nacional. Por esta razón la presente investigación realiza un análisis de la fluidez de carga, tomando como base un caso de estudio aplicado a una de las empresas con mayor movimiento en la región. El estudio se centra en desarrollo de un modelo dinámico para evaluar los factores que afectan el consumo de combustible el cual impacta directamente en los costos logísticos de la organización. Para el análisis se consideran las condiciones topográficas de la ruta utilizando como herramienta el software Globalmap, las políticas establecidas en la NOM-012 de pesos y dimensiones de la Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT), y el tipo de camión a utilizar. El resultado del modelo evalúa factores que pueden variar según la ruta elegida, y permite a la empresa tomar decisiones para mejorar la fluidez de carga dentro de lo establecido en el marco regulatorio de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes de México.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3516
EFFECT OF ILLEGAL ON-STREET PARKING ON TRAVEL TIMES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Morillo Carbonell Carlos , Campos Cacheda Jose Magin
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the on-street illegal parking on the commercial travel time of the vehicles in the area. The effect of the illegal parking in the travel time of the vehicles in the zone is analyzed in an urban scenario in order to quantify the negative impact that illegal parking implies to this, by itself, congested areas. To achieve the objective of the paper, a 3x3 street model has been designed and evaluated for different situations. In this sense, based on a traffic microsimulation model a bunch of scenarios have been considered in function of parameters referred to intensity of vehicles, illegal on street parking level and location of the illegals. Based on the scenarios mentioned, it has been analyzed the effect that the different parameters have on the commercial speed of the vehicles in order to have a first set of information that permits how to act to reduce the effect of illegal on street parking. The results obtained in this article will be able to be used in next steps in order to define direct and indirect reduction strategies referred to illegal on street parking effectDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3521
How do Continuous Climb Operations affect the capacity of a Terminal Manoeuvre Area?
Authors: Pérez Castán Javier Alberto
Published: October 2016

Continuous climb operations are the following step to optimise departure trajectories with the goals of minimizing fuel consumption and pollutants and noise emissions in the airports neighbourhood, although due to intrinsic nature of these procedures, the integration of these procedures need to develop a new framework for airline operators and air traffic control. Based on the BADA model developed by EUROCONTROL, three activities have been carried out: simulation of several continuous climbs for three aircraft types (Light, Medium and Heavy), analysation of different applied separations throughout the climb from the runway up to cruise level and, as third activity, definition of new separation minima to ensure that the minimum separations are not violated with this new procedures along the climb. In this work are presented the results of modelling three continuous climb type (constant true airspeed, constant climb angle and constant vertical speed) and new time-based separations for most used models in Palma TMA, which will be the case-study scenario. Finally, this theoretical analysis has been applied to a real scenario in Palma de Mallorca TMA in order to compare how the capacity deals with the introduction of this new procedure to standard departures, standard departures are understood as a departure with a level-off at a determined altitude and with the possibility to be affected by any ATC action. First outcomes are promising because capacity, theoretically, would not be grossly diminished, which could initially be expected based on previous studies on continuous descent approaches, although these results should be considered cautiously due to the fact that the model lacks several factors of associated uncertainty for a real climb.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3525