bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Layered Graphs: A Class that Admits Polynomial Time Solutions for Some Hard Problems
Authors: Chitturi Bhadrachalam , Balachander Srijith , Satheesh Sandeep , Puthiyoppil Krithic
Published: May 2018

The independent set, IS, on a graph G = ( V , E ) is V * ⊆ V such that no two vertices in V * have an edge between them. The MIS problem on G seeks to identify an IS with maximum cardinality, i.e. MIS. V * ⊆ V is a vertex cover, i.e. VC of G = ( V , E ) if every e ∈ E is incident upon at least one vertex in V * . V * ⊆ V is dominating set, DS, of G = ( V , E ) if ∀ v ∈ V either v ∈ V * or ∃ u ∈ V * and ( u , v ) ∈ E . The MVC problem on G seeks to identify a vertex cover with minimum cardinality, i.e. MVC. Likewise, MCV seeks a connected vertex cover, i.e. VC which forms one component in G, with minimum cardinality, i.e. MCV. A connected DS, CDS, is a DS that forms a connected component in G. The problems MDS and MCD seek to identify a DS and a connected DS i.e. CDS respectively with minimum cardinalities. MIS, MVC, MDS, MCV and MCD on a general graph are known to be NP-complete. Polynomial time algorithms are known for bipartite graphs, chordal graphs, cycle graphs, comparability graphs, claw-free graphs, interval graphs and circular arc graphs for some of these problems. We introduce a novel graph class, layered graph, where each layer refers to a subgraph containing at most some k vertices. Inter layer edges are restricted to the vertices in adjacent layers. We show that if k = Θ ( log ∣ V ∣ ) then MIS, MVC and MDS can be computed in polynomial time and if k = O ( ( log ∣ V ∣ ) α ) , where α < 1 , then MCV and MCD can be computed in polynomial time. If k = Θ ( ( log ∣ V ∣ ) 1 + ϵ ) , for ϵ > 0 , then MIS, MVC and MDS require quasi-polynomial time. If k = Θ ( log ∣ V ∣ ) then MCV, MCD require quasi-polynomial time. Layered graphs do have constraints such as bipartiteness, planarity and acyclicity.
Tetrel Bonds with π-Electrons Acting as Lewis Bases – Theoretical Results and Experimental Evidences
Authors: Grabowski Sławomir J.
Published: May 2018

MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations were carried out for the ZFH3-B complexes (Z = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb; B = C2H2, C2H4, C6H6 and C5H5-; relativistic effects were taken into account for Ge, Sn and Pb elements). These calculations are supported by other approaches; the decomposition of the energy of interaction, Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) method. The results show that tetrel bonds with π-electrons as Lewis bases are classified as Z…C links between single centers (C is an atom of the π-electron system) or as Z…π interactions where F-Z bond is directed to the mid-point (or nearly so) of the CC bond of the Lewis base. The analogues systems with Z…C/π interactions were found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). It was found that the strength of interaction increases with the increase of the atomic number of the tetrel element and that for heavier tetrel elements the ZFH3 tetrahedral structure is more deformed towards the structure with the planar ZH3 fragment. The results of calculations show that the tetrel bond is sometimes accompanied by the Z-H…C hydrogen bond or even sometimes the ZFH3-B complexes are linked only by the hydrogen bond interaction.
The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Electric Power Generation in Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant: A Case Study
Authors: Şen Günnur , Nil Mustafa , Mamur Hayati , Doğan Halit , Karamolla Mustafa , Karaçor Mevlüt , Kuyucuoğlu Fadıl , Yörükeren Nuran , Bhuiyan Mohammad Ruhul Amin
Published: May 2018

Natural gas combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are widely used to meet peak loads in electric energy production. Continuous monitoring of the output electrical power of CCPPs is a requirement for power performance. In this study, the role of ambient temperature change having the greatest effect on electric production is investigated for a natural gas CCPP. The plant has generated electricity for fourteen years and setup at 240 MW in Aliağa, İzmir, Turkey. Depending on the seasonal temperature changes, the study data were obtained from each gas turbine (GT), steam turbine (ST) and combined cycle blocks (CCBs) in the ambient temperature range of 8-23°C. It has been found that decreases of the electric energy in the GTs because of the temperature increase and indirectly diminishes of the electricity production in the STs. As a result, the efficiency of each GT, ST and CCB reduced, although the quantity of fuel consumed by the controllers in the plant was decreased. As a result of this data, it has been recommended and applied that additional precautions have been taken for the power plant to bring the air entering the combustion chamber to ideal conditions and necessary air cooling systems have been installed.
MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN TARI KREATIF YANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERMAIN DAN BERCERITA
Authors: Juniasih Indah
Published: May 2018

Childrenâ€™s creativity should be developed as early as possible and the parents and teachers can use a number of methods to do. One of the methods is doing activities employing joyful learning method suitable for the childrenâ€™s needs. This article discusses how creative dance can be practised to develop childrenâ€™s creativity. Many parents and teachers think learning to dance for the pre-school aged children is just to practise their interest or hobby in arts exercising their motor skill. The article concludes that through interesting learning process and appropriate method, learning to dance can accommodate the needs of the pre-school aged children and is effective in developing their creativity. It is strongly recommended, the creative dance applying games and story telling methods is to be used as one of the effective activities for to develop the creativity of the pre-school aged children, as the mehtods do not only transfer movement and emphasize the learning achievement, but also transfer knowledge and emphasize creative process of learning
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENTS
Authors: Afiah Yayah
Published: May 2018

The Grade X-7 students’ understanding of writing argumentative paragraph is still low as the students do not listen to the teacher’s explaination attentively, do not care the use of correct spelling, diction, effective sentence, paragraph coherence, and integerated passage. To overcome these problems, the researcher performed classroom action research aiming at imroving the students’ competence in writing argumentative paragraph. The research was conducted in Grade X-7 of State High School, No. 7, in Jakarta as from January through February 2012 employing Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model. After the second cycle of the research, the students’ learning achievement indicated the average of 72 with the learning mastery of 75 % showing the significant improvement. It was concluded that TGT Model can be used to improve the students’ learning achievement in argumentative paragraph writing. Besides, the research recommended a set of steps how to use the model.
RESILIENSI PADA ANAK DENGAN KANKER
Authors: Rosalinda Irma , Maulana Herdiyan , Fitriah Nur
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research was to describe the resilience in the children with cancer. Resilience was obtained through identification of three resilience factors: “I Am” for the individual strength in personal, “I Have” for external support and the sources, and “I Can” for interpersonal skills, and output from interaction of the three factors consisting of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, and identity. The research took places in some locations of cancer rehabilitation: Cancer Foundation (YKAKI) and the hospital. Using qualitative approach, this research was completed in three months (April – June 2012). The subject’s resilience description was obtained by interviewing the children with cancer, relatives (mother and uncle), instructor, and doctor who handled the children with cancer. The results of this research are both of the subjects can develop resilience characteristic well. However, there are some differences between the two subjects. The1st subject achieves resilience attitude more depth on interaction “I Have” and “I Can” factors clearly though , is still supported by “I Am” factor. Whereas the 2nd subject achieves resilience attitude more on “I Am” and “I Can” factors though “I Have” factor is still fulfilled. Moreover,the 1st subject is able to establish initiative and industry better than the 2nd subject.
Chewing Demosthenes’ Pebbles: Embodied Experience Making the Scientist’s Persona, ca.1830-1910
Authors: Hoegaerts Josephine
Published: May 2018

This paper argues for an embodied approach to the scientist’s persona, using ‘experience’ as its focal point. Rather than noting that embodied experiences influenced scientists’ practices and identities amidst (or despite) ideals of objectivity, I want to draw attention to the ways in which personal, embodied experiences were celebrated in nineteenth century science, and presented as primordial for the practice of competent research.I am focusing on those scientists involved in the study of the voice in order to do so. Because the physical workings of the voice are largely hidden inside the body, fields such as laryngology and phoniatry developed a number of touch-based, experiential scientific practices before and alongside tools of visual observation. These non-visual practices were very closely connected to researchers’ sensations of their own bodies, and connected to their identity (as a middle-class amateur singer, a hoarse professor, a stammerer, etc.). As scientific disciplines studying the voice developed over the century, personal ‘experience’ (understood both as particular practices and notions of personal background and identity) was increasingly brought forward as a unique source of understanding and expertise. This resulted in a highly diverse field of experts on the voice, in which otherwise non-elite researchers could participate and even rise to fame. They did so because, and not despite, their physical and social impediments. Studying the experiential practices and memories brought forward by this network of experts allows me to look at the construction of their scientific personae from an intersectional perspective. A focus on the nineteenth century notion of ‘experience’ and its inclusion in scientific discourse allows us an insight into the various constituent elements of a ‘persona’ built within the context of a particular field, and drawing liberally on aspects of identification that do not always fit the classic categories of gender, class, age, health, etc.
“How Excellent… for a Woman”? The Fellowship Program of the International Federation of University Women in the Interwar Period
Authors: Cabanel Anna
Published: May 2018

Funding bodies and their fellowship programmes became a cornerstone of the scientific world in the twentieth century, not only providing scholars with the means to conduct their research in practice, but also decisively influencing the perception of their scientific persona as an expression of their expertise. Although women were increasingly entering the scientific realm at the time, few succeeded in obtaining such fellowships. In this article, I shall take a closer look at the fellowship programme of the International Federation of University Women during the interwar period, which was specifically designed to enable women to continue their research abroad. By focussing in particular on the selection process, as evidenced by the minutes of committee meetings and the fellows’ files, I shall explore the implicit norms and expectations to which candidates were subject in order to reconstruct the ideal type of woman scientist. The fellowship programme was meant to function as a meritocratic and excellence-oriented system, in which personal and non-scientific characteristics did not serve as criteria in the allocation of funding. Deliberately understating aspects of gender and developing a strictly meritocratic discourse, the Federation promoted a “disembodied" type of scientific persona as a strategy aimed at overcoming a long-standing bias against the alleged amateurism of women scientists. Whereas other funding bodies such as the Rockefeller Foundation contributed to the shape of a masculine persona, the IFUW sought to promote a universal model, in which women could be recognised as legitimate scientists.
Constructing the Persona of a Professional Historian. On Eileen Power's Early Career Persona Formation and Her Year in Paris, 1910-1911
Authors: Van de Wal Rozemarijn
Published: May 2018

The medieval historian Eileen Power (1889-1940) was one of Britain’s most eminent female historians of the first half of the twentieth century. Becoming Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics in 1931, Power gained academic recognition to a degree that was difficult for women to obtain in this period. Numerous writings on Power discuss the period 1920-1921, when she travelled around the world as an Albert Kahn Fellow, considering it a formative year in her career and indicating the importance of travel for achieving scholarly success. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the significance of Power’s first academic journey in 1910-1911, when she spent a year in Paris. This stay abroad would however be equally important since it was then that she decided to pursue a career in medieval history.
At the time, even if women had an academic degree, they were not self-evident, professional scholars. Therefore, the main question in this article is whether and how Power started to build her scholarly persona while in Paris, attempting to construct an identity for herself as a credible and reliable academic. This will be addressed by analysing her personal writings; specifically, her diary and her letters to her close friend, Margery Garrett.
Environmental Rating Scale for Orientation and Mobility
Authors: Blasch Bruce B. , La Grow Steven , Penrod William
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the concept of an environmental rating scale for Orientation and Mobility for blind and vision impaired persons. Such scales currently exist for describing the level of difficulty associated with ski slopes, white water rapids, mountain climbing, and golf courses, to name but a few. These scales serve as the basis for proposing a system which could lead to the standardisation of ratings of difficulty and complexity for this purpose as well. If successfully developed, such a system could serve to inform choice concerning both routes used for travel and environments selected for instruction. In addition, the student’s present level of performance, environments of travel and routes travelled may be more easily and effectively conveyed to others.
The Benefits of Using Echolocation to Safely Navigate Through the Environment
Authors: Brazier Jodi
Published: May 2018

This study investigated participant use of echolocation skills. Specifically participants were asked to describe what methods they used to generate sound, and what echolocation assisted them to do in terms of their orientation and mobility (O&M). Contrary to previous research findings, it was found that most participants preferred to use cane tapping to generate sound. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed. Participants reported that echolocation assisted them to self-orientate and detect, locate and differentiate between objects in the environment.
Shuffling the Deckchairs: Multi-agency Working and the Continuing Lack of Identification of People with Vision Impairments
Authors: Ravenscroft John
Published: May 2018

Many orientation and mobility (O&M) professionals working to meet the needs of children and adults with vision impairment may do so as a part of multi-agency rehabilitation teams. However, from a study of current literature in the fields of vision impairment, multiple-disability and intellectual disability, it is apparent that multiagency participation does not invariably identify with accuracy, all those requiring a service. This article discusses how those professionals working in multi-agency frameworks support those in need when their service delivery agenda is based merely on a subset of the total population that should have their needs addressed.
A Balance Act: Physiotherapy as a Prerequisite to Orientation and Mobility Services
Authors: Chambers Louise , Dannaway Jasan
Published: May 2018

The School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia initiated a community practicum for fourth year physiotherapy students. The goal was to broaden student’s perspectives about how allied health areas such as Orientation & Mobility (O&M) services are movement based similar to that of physiotherapy services. The authors participated in a five-week practicum at an organisation that provides O&M services to clients with vision impairment. It was observed that some of the O&M programs would have benefited from physiotherapy input that would have assured the long term success of O&M programs.
Effectiveness of the SoundFlash Device in Enhancing Non-Visual Spatial Perception
Authors: Herlache Ellen , Baldwin Doug , Card Stacey , Graham Hailey , Roberts Jessica , Santoya Faith
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SoundFlash device in enhancing non-visual spatial perception. A mixed-methods, A-B-A-B-A-B research design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SoundFlash. Three vision impaired individuals participated in the study, which included echolocation training both with and without use of the SoundFlash device. At the conclusion of the study, a focus group was conducted to gather qualitative data from participants. The results of the qualitative portion of the study supported the effectiveness of the SoundFlash, while the findings of the quantitative portion were inconclusive. The SoundFlash might be helpful in improving the non-visual spatial perception abilities of individuals who are blind. Major limitations of this study include the use of a quasi-experimental research design without a control group; a small sample size (three participants); and a researcher-designed assessment tool that was not pilottested prior to use in the study.
A Focus Group Discussion on Using Guide Dogs
Authors: Lloyd Janice K.F. , Budge R. Claire , Stafford Kevin J. , La Grow Steven J.
Published: May 2018

The success of the partnership between a guide dog handler (or owner) and a guide dog depends upon both the suitability of the dog and the skill of the handler in maintaining the relationship. This qualitative study explored the use of guide dogs from the perspective of those who use them as a prelude to a larger scale, quantitative project assessing the matching process and the outcome of the partnership. The data were collected from a focus group discussion from which eight themes emerged. These included: mobility; adjustment to vision loss; advantages and disadvantages of using a guide dog; the matching process; training with the dog; social function, feelings of friends and family; and the outcome of the relationship. In this article, these themes are described and exemplified with extracts from the focus group discussion. The study fulfilled its purpose as an information gathering exercise to further investigate the relationship between guide dog handlers and their dogs, and has added to a small but growing body of literature on the topic.
Colour and Fashion: Evolution of the Mobility Cane
Authors: Borkowski Ewa
Published: May 2018

A review of the history of the long cane and its evolution into a mobility aid for the 21st Century. The long cane maintains its primary function as a tool for people with vision impairment to move around the environment safely and efficiently. However, the long cane can also be customised to suit personal needs and preferences, including the choice of colour.
Dog Distraction Quantified
Authors: McKenzie Peter
Published: May 2018

The study’s aim was to identify the degree to which dog distraction, as reported by users, has impacted on the working behaviour of guide dogs, and their user’s mobility. The data used were drawn from the self-reporting of problem behaviours as experienced by users of guide dogs that had been provided by Guide Dogs NSW/ACT over a nine year period (2000 to 2008).

The study is in three parts. Part 1 identifies the frequency of dog distraction aftercare referrals associated with guide dogs in their initial year of placement. Part 2 identifies the frequency of dog distraction as an aftercare issue compared with other aftercare behavioural issues during the initial year of placement. Part 3 examines a range of factors, including dog, user, and training variables associated with guide dog mobility that may identify areas of possible intervention in addressing dog distraction.
K94U2C – It’s GR8 M8!
Authors: Muldoon Chris
Published: May 2018

The Royal Society for the Blind Guide Dog Service (RSBGDS) provide an annual ‘come and try a guide dog’ weekend camp for young people with vision impairment. The purpose of the camp is to provide participants with a range of guide dog handler-related experiences from which they might consider a guide dog as a mobility aid. The article describes other organisations involved in the camp and activities in which participants engage.
Opinions by People with Vision Impairment about Wanting or Not Wanting Guide Dogs
Authors: Koda Naoko , Morioka Nae , Kubo Masumi , Wada Takafumi , Yoshikawa Akira , Nakamura Hirofumi , Shinoda Rinka
Published: May 2018

This article presents the results of a questionnaire about daily living, and particular opinions about guide dogs by Japanese people with vision impairment who are not guide dog users. Reasons for respondents not applying for guide dogs are provided, and suggestions are made to improve the services by Japanese Guide Dog Associations. Overall, the majority of respondents were aware of the functions of guide dogs, however information about financial assistance and support services were unknown. Information about guide dogs and the associated support services is required to be presented to potential guide dog users on an individual basis. Promotional activities are needed to educate the Japanese public about guide dogs.
O&M Environmental Complexity Scale
Authors: Deverell Lil
Published: May 2018

There is a need for standardised measures that can be used in Orientation and Mobility (O&M) research and practice worldwide. This paper proposes a six step O&M Environmental Complexity Scale. The Scale is founded on an understanding that there is symbiotic interplay between the environment and the people who live in it. Complexity escalates with increases in physical components, pace of movement and social codes, and with a shift from predictability to unpredictability, requiring a higher level of cognition and engagement from the traveller. O&M specialists and researchers are invited to trial the O&M Environmental Complexity Scale, and to contribute to refining this research tool.
Trekker Breeze 2.0: Trialled by Clients
Authors: Wood Matt
Published: May 2018

The Trekker Breeze (TB) is a Global Positioning System (GPS) device developed by Humanware (Humanware, 2011; Riessen, Ryan, & Battista, 2009). The system uses GPS and digital maps to inform its user of particular locations via audible output. Specifically, the Trekker Breeze informs the user of a current location (street names, intersections, business names), provides points of interest, record travel routes, and can be operated using one hand. Trekker Breeze version 2.0 was released in October 2010 and included a number of enhancements and improvements from the 1.0 version.
An Echolocation Training Package
Authors: Holmes Nicole
Published: May 2018

The phenomenon of echolocation or using sonar to navigate the environment has been widely studied, though rarely taught to individuals who are blind or vision impaired (Kish 2003). This paper describes the essential content of an echolocation training package designed to assist orientation and mobility (O&M) instructors teach clients echolocation skills. This package will be trialled using volunteer participants who are clients of Guide Dogs NSW/ACT Australia and then refined based on an analysis of the resulting data. The training package includes seven modules containing background information, details of specific training areas, as well as O&M activities for people who are blind or vision impaired.
Transforming Training in Orientation and Mobility: Examining the Effect Using an Audio-Link on the Distance Between Trainer and Trainee
Authors: Munro Michael , Stafford Barry H.
Published: May 2018

Increased distances between instructor and trainee during orientation and mobility (O&M) training is purported to be associated with improved outcomes of heightened independence, self-efficacy, and preparation for real-world experience as a traveller. However, there is currently no research that identifies standard or optimal instructor-trainee distances or effective strategies to increase distances that enhance training outcomes. This exploratory, qualitative study compared the distance between two instructor-trainee dyads over ten 1.5-hour lessons. The first five lessons were conducted without an Audio-link device, and the second five occurred using the device. Results indicated that use of an Audio-link system significantly increased training distances between teacher/student dyads beyond proximities measured without the device. The implications for training and research are discussed.
Introducing Echolocation into O&M University Courses for Professionals
Authors: Berndtsson Inger C. , Sunneson Leif
Published: May 2018

It is well known that echolocation makes it possible for a person who is blind to get to know their surroundings and that it strengthens an individual’s ability to move independently. In order to learn echolocation skills as a newly blind or vision impaired individual, the orientation and mobility (O&M) specialist needs to become well acquainted with these techniques. However, based on the authors’ own experiences as professionals and researcher in the field of vision rehabilitation it is anticipated that very few O&M professionals are familiar with, and practice echolocation. If people who are blind are to have the possibility of learning advanced echolocation skills, then there must be trained O&M specialists to teach echolocation. This report describes the way echolocation skills were taught at a Master’s level course in Sweden during 2011–2012.
The Spring Loaded “Willins” Cane
Authors: Willins Karyn
Published: May 2018

A description of a long cane handle adaptation that reduced the jarring movement experienced when contacting an object. Initially designed to allow a woman with arthritis and tendonitis to use her cane, this ‘Willins’ cane has also been used by those moving over uneven ground as well as individuals simply wishing for smoother cane travel. Instructions are provided to create the cane handle.
Regulação/avaliação da Educação Superior a Distância: multiplicidade de atores institucionais, labirinto de atos oficiais e avaliação regulatória
Authors: Segenreich Stella Cecilia Duarte
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Com base na definição de Cabrito sobre regulação, este relato de estudo objetiva relacionar a atuação de quatro atores institucionais do MEC, desde sua origem, com as políticas públicas relacionadas à regulação/avaliação da educação a distância, com destaque para sua atuação nos atos oficiais do último biênio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, fruto da consulta a documentos legais e institucionais assim como artigos de periódicos. Os resultados demonstraram a pluralidade de atores institucionais atuando junto à EaD, a construção de um labirinto de atos oficiais e instrumentos de avaliação regulatória que mudam de acordo com as orientações governamentais vigentes, sugerindo a continuidade da pesquisa na realidade das universidades públicas e privadas.Palavras-chave: Educação Superior, Educação a Distância, Regulação/avaliação, Atores institucionais. Abstract: Based on Cabrito's definition of regulation, this study aims to relate the performance of four institutional actors of MEC, since its origins with the public policies related to the regulation/evaluation of distance education, especially its performance in official acts of the last biennium. This is an exploratory research that shows the results of the consultation of legal and institutional documents, as well as articles from periodicals. The results demonstrate the plurality of institutional actors related to distance education - EaD, and the construction of a labyrinth of official acts and instruments of regulatory evaluation that change according to the current governmental guidelines, suggesting the continuity of research in the reality of public and private universities.Keywords: higher education, distance education, regulation/evaluation, institutional actors Resumen: Con base en la definición de Cabrito sobre regulación, este informe de estudio objetiva relacionar la actuación de cuatro actores institucionales del MEC, desde su origen, con las políticas públicas relacionadas a la regulación / evaluación de la educación a distancia, con destaque para su actuación en los actos oficiales del último bienio. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, fruto de la consulta a documentos legales e institucionales así como artículos de periódicos. Los resultados demostraron la pluralidad de actores institucionales actuando en la EaD, la construcción de un laberinto de actos oficiales e instrumentos de evaluación regulatoria que cambian de acuerdo con las orientaciones gubernamentales vigentes, sugiriendo la continuidad de la investigación en la realidad de las universidades públicas y privadas.Palabras clave: Educación superior, educación a distancia, regulación/evaluación, actores institucionales.
O campo da educação no Brasil: mudanças em atributos para legitimação dos pesquisadores
Authors: Caregnato Célia Elizabete , Miorando Bernardo Sfredo , Leite Denise
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O artigo discute como os pesquisadores constroem a legitimidade científica no campo da educação no Brasil. Estratégias e disputas compõem a dinâmica e permitem analisar a obtenção de capital científico puro e político. A metodologia incluiu a análise de currículos e evidencia que, frente à busca por produtividade e legitimidade, entre 2005 e 2014, houve mudança na composição do capital acadêmico-científico dos atores, provavelmente induzida pelas políticas públicas de avaliação.Palavras-chave: universidade; campo acadêmico-científico; pesquisa em educação; avaliação. Abstract: This article discusses how researchers build their scientific legitimacy in the field of education in Brazil. Strategies and disputes mark the dynamics and offer elements to analyze the acquisition of political and pure scientific capital. The methodology included analysis of researchers' curricula and shows that, vis-à-vis the quest for productivity and legitimacy, in the time elapsed between 2005 and 2014, there was a change in the composition of the players’ academic-scientific capital, probably induced by the evaluation public policies in the last decades.Keywords: university; academic-scientific field; educational research; evaluation. Resumen: El artículo discute cómo los investigadores construyen la legitimidad científica en el campo de la educación en Brasil. Estrategias y disputas componen la dinámica y permiten analizar la obtención de capital científico puro y político. La metodología incluyó el análisis de currículos y muestra que, ante la búsqueda por productividad y legitimidad, entre 2005 y 2014, hubo cambio en la composición del capital académico-científico de los actores, probablemente inducido por las políticas públicas de evaluación.Palabras-clave: universidad; campo académico-científico; investigación en educación; evaluación.
Dossiê: Arena Constitutiva da Educação Superior a Distância: as regras do jogo e como o jogo é jogado
Authors: Lima Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira , Assis Lúcia Maria de
Published: May 2018

Editorial do v. 34, n. 01, de 2018 da RBPAEDossiê: Arena Constitutiva da Educação Superior a Distância: as regras do jogo e como o jogo é jogado
Gestão da Educação a Distância na universidade pública como campo de disputa: da instituição social à academia líquida
Authors: Mill Daniel , Ferreira Marcello , Ferreira Deise Mazzarella Gourlart
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O texto é uma reflexão teórico-crítica sobre as mais convencionais tipologias de Gestão da Educação a Distância nas instituições públicas de ensino superior brasileiras, fomentando alternativas pela universidade como instituição social. Numa abordagem eminentemente teórica, buscou-se confrontar a visão de universidade pública como instituição social àquela de organização social, tal qual preconiza o Estado neoliberal. Na análise, é apresentada a migração da tipologia, da lógica de universidade como instituição social para a da academia líquida, a partir das tipologias de gestão que se tem adotado.Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância. Gestão. Políticas Públicas. Universidade Pública. Abstract: The text is a critical reflection on the most conventional typologies of Distance Learning Management in Brazilian public higher education institutions, discussing alternatives for the university as a social institution. In this theoretical discussion, the attempt was made to collide the ideas of the public university as a social institution and social organization, as advocated by the neoliberal State. In the analysis, it is presented the migration of the typology, from the logic of university as a social institution to that of the fluid academy, from the typologies of management that have been adopted.Keywords: distance learning; management; public policies; public university. Resumén: El texto es una reflexión teórico-crítica sobre las más convencionales tipologías de Gestión de la Educación a Distancia en las instituciones públicas de enseñanza superior brasileñas, fomentando alternativas por la universidad como institución social. En un enfoque eminentemente teórico, se buscó confrontar la visión de la universidad pública como institución social a la de organización social, tal cual preconiza el Estado neoliberal. En el análisis, se presenta la migración de la tipología, de la lógica de universidad como institución social a la de la academia líquida, a partir de las tipologías de gestión que se han adoptado.Palabras clave: Educación a distancia. Gestión. Políticas públicas. Universidad Pública.
Spectroscopic Fingerprinting of Aminoglycosides and Determination of Neomycin Sulphate Through Oxidative Ion-pair Complex Formation using Ammonium Molybdate
Authors: Vaikosen Edebi Nicholas , Ebeshi Benjamin Umar , Worlu Chimenem Ruth
Published: May 2018

Background:

Aminoglycosides are non-chromophoric antibiotics. The official method of assay in pharmacopoeias is microbiological. Bioassay methods are potency-semi-quantitative, laborious and time-consuming. In contrast, spectrophotometric methods are rapid, convenient, specific, sensitive and selective. The presence of NH2 and -OH functional groups in aminoglycosides makes them susceptible to redox reaction.

Objective:

A simple, cheap, quick, accurate and reliable spectrophotometric method for aminoglycoside analysis using neomycin as prototype via oxidation by ammonium molybdate reagent is proposed.

Methods:

Four aminoglycosides - amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin, were oxidized using ammonium molybdate (pH<2). These were scanned to obtain visible-spectrophotometric fingerprints. Two assay methods were developed. Method I involved the determination of the drug via the linear proportionality between neomycin and residual molybdate measured at 780nm and 850nm. Method II, an indirect determination using ion-pair reaction of excess molybdate and methyl orange measured at 430nm and 480nm.

Results:

All aminoglycosides formed blue complex, with distinct spectra peaks at 500nm, 640nm, 780nm and 850nm.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were from 0.33 to 2.32 μgmL-1 and 1.00 to 7.03 μgm L-1 respectively for both methods. Percentage recoveries ranged from 89.60 and 113.05 %, while precision and accuracy as RSD ranged from 0.23 to 3.55%. The regression coefficient (R2) ranged from 0.9968 to 0.9995. Percentage neomycin in dosage forms ranged from 95.67- 104.16% and 96.04 - 99.46% for methods I and II, respectively.

Conclusion:

The methods were successfully applied for neomycin sulphate determination in tablets and drops, therefore aminoglycosides could be assayed via the proposed methods.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Acids, Anthraquinones, and Flavonoids in the Aerial Part and the Fruit of Xanthium Sibiricum by LC- ESI- QTRAP-MS/MS
Authors: Zhao Hui , Cai Hao , Liu Juan-Xiu , Wang Sheng-Nan , Liu Xun-Hong , Yan Ying , Zou Li-Si , Hua Yu-Jiao
Published: May 2018

Background:

Xanthium sibiricum is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that
has been commonly used to treat rhinitis and related nasal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop
a comprehensive analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray
ionization coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESIQTRAP-
MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids, anthraquinones, and flavonoids
in the aerial part and fruit of Xanthium sibiricum.

Methods:

The separation was completed on Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm)
using methanol and 0.2% (v/v) aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. The target components were
analyzed in negative ion mode with accurate and sensitive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results:

The correlation coefficients of all the calibration curves were higher than 0.9994. Relative
standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions of the eighteen components were all lower than
2.87% and the recoveries were in the range from 97.73% to 101.82%. The validated method was successfully
applied to possess forty Xanthium sibiricum samples (Xanthii Herba, Xanthii Fructus, and
processed Xanthii Fructus) collected from different places in P. R. China. Furthermore, principal component
analysis (PCA) was performed to evaluate and classify the samples according to the contents of
the eighteen bioactive components.

Conclusion:

All the results demonstrated that the developed method was useful and could be applied
for the overall assessment of the quality of Xanthii Herba and Xanthii Fructus.
Molecular Docking Study for Analyzing the Inhibitory Effect of Anti-inflammatory Plant Compound Against Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-α)
Authors: Biswas Sagarika
Published: May 2018

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of symmetric
synovial joints which is characterized by the chronic inflammation with 0.5-1%
prevalence in developed countries. Presence of persistent inflammation is attributed to the
major contribution of key inflammatory cytokine and tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-
α). Recent drug designing studies are developing TNF-α blockers to provide relief from
the symptoms of the disease such as pain and inflammation. Available blockers are showing
certain limitations such as it may enhance the rate of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence,
lymphoma risk, cost issues and certain infections are major concern. Discussed limitations
implicated a need of development of some alternative drugs which exhibit fewer
side effects with low cost. Therefore, we have identified anti-inflammatory compounds in
an underutilized fruit of Baccaurea sapida (B.sapida) in our previous studies. Among
them quercetin have been identified as the most potent lead compound for drug designing
studies of RA.

Methods: In the present article, characterization of quercetin has been carried out to
check its drug likeliness and molecular docking study has been carried out between TNF-
α and quercetin by using AutoDock 4.2.1 software. Further, inhibitory effect of B. sapida
fruit extract on RA plasma has been analysed through immunological assay ELISA.

Results: Our in-silico analysis indicated that quercetin showed non carcinogenic reaction
in animal model and it may also cross the membrane barrier easily. We have studied the
ten different binding poses and best binding pose of TNF-α and quercetin showed -6.3
kcal/mol minimum binding energy and 23.94 µM inhibitory constant. In addition to this,
ELISA indicated 2.2 down regulated expression of TNF-α in RA compared to control.

Conclusion: This study may further be utilized for the drug designing studies to reduce
TNF-α mediated inflammation in near future. This attempt may also enhance the utilization
of this plant worldwide.
Quality of Service aware Medical CT Image Transmission Anti-collision Mechanism Based on Big Data Autonomous Anti-collision Control
Authors: Jin Yong
Published: May 2018

Background:

At present, due to the limitation of hardware, software and network
transmission performance, the medical diagnosis of medical CT image equipment is easy to be carried
out based on the wrong image. In addition, due to the complex structure of human organs and
unpredictable lesion location, it is difficult to judge the reliability of medical CT images, spatial
localization of the lesion, two-dimensional slice images and shape based on stereotypes. Therefore, how
to improve the efficiency of medical CT terminal and the image quality has become the key technology
to improve the satisfaction of medical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:

To improve the work efficiency of medical CT terminal and medical image transmission
quality, with the medical CT terminal state and service quality.

Methods:

Firstly, from the view of throughput, packet loss rate, delay and so on, a QoS aware model for
medical CT image transmission has been established. Then, with throughput, packet length, path loss,
service area size, access point location, and the number of medical CT terminals, the performance
change regulation of the medical CT image transmission is completed and the optimal quality of service
guarantee parameters sequence is obtained. Next, the medical CT image big data autonomous collision
control scheme is proposed.

Results:

The experimental and mathematical results verify the real-time performance, reliability,
effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed medical CT image transmission anti-collision mechanism.

Conclusion:

The proposed scheme can satisfy the high-quality high demand for data transmission at the
same time, according to a variety of user experience demand and real-time adjustment of medical CT
terminal working state, which provides effective data quality assurance and optimization of the network
source distribution, and also enhances the quality of medical image data transmission service.
A Face-Aging App for Smoking Cessation in a Waiting Room Triggers Quitting: Pilot Study in an HIV Outpatient Clinic (Preprint)
Authors: Brinker Titus Josef , Brieske Christian Martin , Esser Stefan , Klode Joachim , Mons Ute , Batra Anil , Seeger Werner , Enk Alexander H , von Kalle Christof , Schlenk Richard F , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V , Gatzka Martina V , Bernardes-Souza Breno , Schadendorf Dirk
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of addressing tobacco use in healthcare settings. However, only a minority of smokers receive cessation advice when visiting a hospital. Implementing smoking cessation technology in outpatient waiting rooms could be an effective strategy for change, with the potential to expose almost all patients visiting a healthcare provider without preluding physician action needed.

OBJECTIVE

To develop an intervention for smoking cessation that would make use of the time patients spend waiting in a waiting room by passively exposing them to a face-aging public morphing tablet-based application (app), to pilot the intervention in a waiting room of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient clinic, and to measure the perceptions of smoking and non-smoking HIV-patients to this intervention.

METHODS

We developed a kiosk version of our three-dimensional face-aging app “Smokerface,” which shows the user how their face would age with years of cigarette smoking. We placed a tablet with the app running on a table in the middle of the waiting room of our HIV outpatient clinic, connected to a large monitor attached to the opposite wall. A researcher recorded all the patients using the waiting room. If a patient did not initiate app-use within 30 s of waiting time, the researcher encouraged him/her to do so. Those using the app were asked to complete a questionnaire.

RESULTS

During a 19-day period, 464 patients visited the waiting room, of which 187 tried the app and 179 completed the questionnaire. Of these, 139 (77.7%) were men and 84 (47%) were smokers. Of the smokers, 55 (68%) said the intervention motivated them to quit [men, 45 (68%); women, 10 (67%)]; 41 (51%) said that it motivated them to discuss quitting with their doctor [men, 32 (49%); women, 9 (60%)]; and 72 (91%) perceived the intervention as fun [men, 57 (90%); women, 15 (94%)]. Of the non-smokers, 92 (98%) said that it motivated them never to take up smoking [men, 72 (99%); women, 20 (95%)]. Among the other patients, 102 (22.0%) watched another patient try the app without trying it themselves; thus, a total of 289 (62.3%) of the 464 patients were exposed to the intervention (average waiting time, 21 min).

CONCLUSIONS

A face-aging app implemented in a waiting room provides a novel opportunity to motivate patients visiting a healthcare provider to quit smoking, to address quitting at their subsequent appointment and thereby encourage physician-delivered smoking cessation, or not to take up smoking.
The Victory of Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) in Ngada as the Form of Public Distrust against the Party
Authors: Sua Bertolomeus Loji
Published: May 2018

A political party is a political organization represented by individuals who work for the people with the ideology embraced by the party itself. The task of a political party is to provide political education and lead according to the people’s desires. But what if today’s political party has unconsciously formed the public distrust? The phenomenon of the PAN victory in Ngada district-Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) was a symbol of Ngada’s public distrust toward the party itself, as well as the previous political parties that had won in Ngada. This study aimed to assess the public distrust toward political parties, by looking at the phenomenon of the PAN victory in Ngada. The method used in this research was qualitative research, with in-depth interviews with sources in the field. In this study, the author found some interesting things related to the society and politics in Ngada. One of those things was that the people neither trust nor put hope in the political parties in the matter of responding to their wishes and communities’ development in Ngada. The PAN victory in Ngada was an interesting phenomenon in the political sphere that showed the public’s distrust of the parties today.