bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OCA: Opinion corpus for Arabic
Authors: Rushdi‐Saleh Mohammed , Martín‐Valdivia M. Teresa , Ureña‐López L. Alfonso , Perea‐Ortega José M.
Published: July 2011

Sentiment analysis is a challenging new task related to text mining and natural language processing. Although there are, at present, several studies related to this theme, most of these focus mainly on English texts. The resources available for opinion mining (OM) in other languages are still limited. In this article, we present a new Arabic corpus for the OM task that has been made available to the scientific community for research purposes. The corpus contains 500 movie reviews collected from different web pages and blogs in Arabic, 250 of them considered as positive reviews, and the other 250 as negative opinions. Furthermore, different experiments have been carried out on this corpus, using machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines and Nave Bayes. The results obtained are very promising and we are encouraged to continue this line of research.
Capturing the Most‐Stable C56 Fullerene Cage by In Situ Chlorination
Authors: Ziegler Karolin , Mueller Andreas , Amsharov Konstantin Yu. , Jansen Martin
Published: July 2011

The most‐stable #916C56 carbon cage has been captured by in situ chlorination during the radio frequency furnace process. The resulting exohedral #916C56Cl12 was separated and unambiguously characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure determination. The discovery of #916C56 provides evidence for a thermodynamically controlled mechanism of fullerene formation, and on the other hand shows that the in situ chlorination does not remarkably influence the fullerene formation itself but just results in the capture of preformed cages. A detailed analysis of the chlorination pattern of #916C56Cl12 reveals the main factors controlling the reactivity of non‐IPR fullerenes. A high degree of aromatization was observed in the remaining π‐system by considering geometric criteria and nucleus‐independent chemical‐shift analysis (NICS). Along with the well‐known stabilization of pentagonpentagon junctions during chlorination, the formation of aromatic islands plays an important role in the stabilization of the fullerene cage and also in the determination of the chlorination pattern. Based on these empirical rules, the preferable addition patterns for non‐IPR fullerene cages can be easily predicted.
Linking Conformational Flexibility and Kinetics: Catalytic 1,4‐Type Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Phenols Utilizing 1,3‐Diamine‐Tethered Guanidine/Bisthiourea Organocatalysts
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Shin Bongki , Horitsugi Natsuko , Noguchi Keiichi , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: July 2011

Herein, we present details of our conformationally flexible, 1,3‐diamine‐tethered guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts for chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselective 1,4‐type Friedel–Crafts reactions of phenols. These organocatalysts show a unique stereo‐discrimination governed by the differential activation entropy (ΔΔS≠), rather than by the differential activation enthalpy (ΔΔH≠). Extensive kinetic analyses using Eyring plots for a series of guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts revealed the key structural motif in the catalysts associated with a large magnitude of differential activation entropy (ΔΔS≠). A plausible guanidine–thiourea cooperative mechanism for the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction is proposed.
No major effect of twinning on autistic traits
Authors: Curran Sarah , Dworzynski Katharina , Happé Francesca , Ronald Angelica , Allison Carrie , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Brayne Carol , Bolton Patrick F.
Published: July 2011

Background: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population‐based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res 2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Er korrigiert meine Anschauung und führt sie weiter fort.” Kommentare von David von Hansemann zu der Schrift von Theodor Boveri Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren (1914)
Authors: Wunderlich Volker
Published: July 2011

“He Corrects my View and Develops it Further.” Comments by David von Hansemann on the Monograph by Theodor Boveri Concerning the Origin of Malignant Tumors (1914). According to many authors, the treatise on cancer written by Theodor Boveri in 1914 demonstrates astonishing foresight with respect to contemporary cancer research, in particular with respect to the genomic instability of tumors. In some recent publications, however, it has been claimed that not Boveri but primarily David von Hansemann deserves credit for these chromosomal theories of cancer origin. The claim seems to be unjustified because there are great differences, both in conception and in argumentation, between both opinions. In addition, it has been ignored that von Hansemann himself said that his views “were corrected and developed further by Boveri”. In this paper two obviously unknown comments regarding Boveri's theory by von Hansemann are presented as examples. Furthermore, the paper points out that the pathologist von Hansemann was engaged in the formal genesis of tumors using descriptive methods. By contrast, the embryologist Boveri developed his hypotheses on the basis of the experimentally founded chromosome theory of inheritance in an attempt to explain the etiology or causal genesis of tumors. Thus, it can be concluded that Boveri developed the first genetic cancer theory in the history of medicine.
Endothelial nanoparticle binding kinetics are matrix and size dependent
Authors: Doiron Amber L. , Clark Brendan , Rinker Kristina D.
Published: July 2011

Nanoparticles are increasingly important in medical research for application to areas such as drug delivery and imaging. Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with cells in physiologically relevant environments is vital for their acceptance, and cell–particle interactions likely vary based on the design of the particle including its size, shape, and surface chemistry. For this reason, the kinetic interactions of fluorescent nanoparticles of sizes 20, 100, 200, and 500 nm with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were determined by (1) measuring nanoparticles per cell at 37 and 4°C (to inhibit endocytosis) and (2) modeling experimental particle uptake data with equations describing particle attachment, detachment, and internalization. Additionally, the influence of cell substrate compliance on nanoparticle attachment and uptake was investigated. Results show that the number of binding sites per cell decreased with increasing nanoparticle size, while the attachment coefficient increased. By comparing HUVEC grown on either a thin coating of collagen or on top of three‐dimensional collagen hydrogel, nanoparticle attachment and internalization were shown to be influenced significantly by the substrate on which the cells are cultured. This study concludes that both particle size and cell culture substrate compliance appreciably influence the binding of nanoparticles; important factors in translating in vitro studies of nanoparticle interactions to in vivo studies focused on therapeutic or diagnostic applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2988–2998. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on detection of mutation DNA fragment in gastric cancer by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Rong , Xie Hua , Xu Yue‐bing , Jia Zheng‐ping , Meng Xian‐dong , Zhang Juan‐hong , Ma Jun , Wang Juan , Wang Xian‐hua
Published: July 2011

The DNA fragment detection focusing technique has further enhanced the sensitivity and information of DNA targets. The DNA fragment detection method was established by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection and restriction endonuclease chromatographic fingerprinting (CE‐LIF‐REF) in our experiment. The silica capillary column was coated with short linear polyarclarylamide (SLPA) using nongel sieving technology. The excision product of various restricted enzymes of DNA fragments was obtained by REF with the molecular biology software Primer Premier 5. The PBR322/BsuRI DNA marker was used to establish the optimization method. The markers were focused electrophoretically and detected by CE‐LIF. The results demonstrate that the CE‐LIF‐REF with SLPA can improve separation, sensitivity and speed of analysis. This technique may be applied to analysis of the excision product of various restricted enzymes of prokaryotic plasmid (pIRES2), eukaryote plasmid (pcDNA3.1) and the PCR product of codon 248 region of gastric cancer tissue. The results suggest that this method could very sensitively separate the excision products of various restricted enzymes at a much better resolution than the traditional agarose electrophoresis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Acknowledging Mock Jurors' Feelings on Affective and Cognitive Biases: It Depends on the Sample
Authors: McCabe John G. , Krauss Daniel A.
Published: July 2011

An intervention designed to correct affective and cognitive biases was tested in the context of a civil commitment hearing of a sexually violent predator. Potential differences between a college student mock jury sample and a more representative, juror venire sample in reaction to these bias correction interventions were explored. In the first of two experiments, undergraduate mock jurors (n = 130) demonstrated a leniency effect when the sex offender's attorney acknowledged jurors' emotional reactions and motivated them to thoughtfully weigh the evidence. The second experiment failed to replicate these findings with a more ecologically valid sample (n = 300). Several differences between samples were found: representative jurors, as opposed to undergraduates, were sensitive to differences between pure clinical and actuarial expert testimony; and measures of intrinsic cognitive effort predicted verdicts for undergraduates, but not for representative jurors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Study of the Case: Conceptualising Case Study Research
Authors: Radley Alan , Chamberlain Kerry
Published: July 2011

This paper recommends that the study of the case be seen as of primary analytic concern to social and community psychologists. Criticism is made of the idea that a case is merely an instance or a methodological option. Instead, we argue that psychologists should re‐direct their attention to the ‘study of the case’ as being central to issues concerning social life. There are three reasons for doing this. First, case study is basic to any procedure that involves collecting information about the context in which psychology is practised. Second, communication between professionals involves presenting the situation of their clients as storied accounts, so that cases are made, not found. Third, the communication of experience involves presentational work, which is basic to how individuals come to be understood as ‘cases’. The paper explores differences between these different forms of case, while emphasising portrayal as a key feature of all of them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of acquisition angle differences on three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography
Authors: Tu Shengxian , Holm Niels R. , Koning Gerhard , Maeng Michael , Reiber Johan H.C.
Published: July 2011

Background:

Three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) requires two angiographic views to restore vessel dimensions. This study investigated the impact of acquisition angle differences (AADs) of the two angiographic views on the assessed dimensions by 3D QCA.

Methods:

X‐ray angiograms of an assembled brass phantom with different types of straight lesions were recorded at multiple angiographic projections. The projections were randomly matched as pairs and 3D QCA was performed in those pairs with AAD larger than 25°. The lesion length and diameter stenosis in three different lesions, a circular concentric severe lesion (A), a circular concentric moderate lesion (B), and a circular eccentric moderate lesion (C), were measured by 3D QCA. The acquisition protocol was repeated for a silicone bifurcation phantom, and the bifurcation angles and bifurcation core volume were measured by 3D QCA. The measurements were compared with the true dimensions if applicable and their correlation with AAD was studied.

Results:

50 matched pairs of angiographic views were analyzed for the brass phantom. The average value of AAD was 48.0 ± 14.1°. The percent diameter stenosis was slightly overestimated by 3D QCA for all lesions: A (error 1.2 ± 0.9%, P < 0.001); B (error 0.6 ± 0.5%, P < 0.001); C (error 1.1 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001). The correlation of the measurements with AAD was only significant for lesion A (R2 = 0.151, P = 0.005). The lesion length was slightly overestimated by 3D QCA for lesion A (error 0.06 ± 0.18 mm, P = 0.026), but well assessed for lesion B (error −0.00 ± 0.16 mm, P = 0.950) and lesion C (error −0.01 ± 0.18 mm, P = 0.585). The correlation of the measurements with AAD was not significant for any lesion. Forty matched pairs of angiographic views were analyzed for the bifurcation phantom. The average value of AAD was 49.1 ± 15.4°. 3D QCA slightly overestimated the proximal angle (error 0.4 ± 1.1°, P = 0.046) and the distal angle (error 1.5 ± 1.3°, P < 0.001). The correlation with AAD was only significant for the distal angle (R2 = 0.256, P = 0.001). The correlation of bifurcation core volume measurements with AAD was not significant (P = 0.750). Of the two aforementioned measurements with significant correlation with AAD, the errors tended to increase as AAD became larger.

Conclusions:

3D QCA can be used to reliably assess vessel dimensions and bifurcation angles. Increasing the AAD of the two angiographic views does not increase accuracy and precision of 3D QCA for circular lesions or bifurcation dimensions. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventional cardiology fellowship training in canada
Authors: Dehghani Payam , Wood David A. , Sharieff Waseem , Basit Nida , Cheema Asim N.
Published: July 2011

Background:

Several institutions in Canada offer fellowship training in interventional cardiology (IC). However, no national mechanism exists to ensure uniformity of training or assessment of final competency.

Methods:

A cross‐sectional survey was carried out for physicians completing IC training from 2007 to 2009. The survey used a semistructured questionnaire to determine compliance with training components recommended by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and American College of Cardiology (ACC).

Results:

Sixty‐six (78%) of 85 trainees from 15 programs participated in the study. All programs were affiliated with a university and associated with accredited programs in adult cardiology. Annual procedural volume of >1,500 and faculty volume of >250 were reported for 67% and 70% of programs. Annual trainee percutaneous coronary intervention volume of 250–350 was reported by 29%, 350–450 by 47%, and >450 by 24% of respondents. All respondents reported regular participation in case management rounds, and 54% reported formal instruction of structured curriculum; 91% reported participation in research, and 38% reported mandatory attendance in outpatient clinic. All respondents reported annual and 61% reported ≥2 performance evaluations per year; 45% of respondents reported formal trainee assessment of program and faculty.

Conclusion:

Canadian IC training meets ACGME/ACC recommendations for procedural volume and academic activity. However, participation in outpatient clinics and compliance with administrative requirement of faculty and program assessment by trainee was suboptimal. Formal accreditation is highly desirable to standardize program content and administration for optimal IC training. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extensive distortion and dysfunction of an Edwards Valeo lifestent placed for stenosis of the superior vena cava
Authors: Aiyagari Ranjit
Published: July 2011

We present a case of multiple interventions to treat symptomatic stenosis of the superior vena cava in a child, with end‐stage renal disease and a history of long‐term hemodialysis, who had required indwelling central venous catheters for several years. The stenosis was successfully treated with an Edwards Valeo Lifestent, but recurrent symptomatic superior vena caval stenosis developed within 5 months, requiring repeat catheterization and stent placement. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Ethylene Production through Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane Membrane Reactors Based on Fast Oxygen‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Lobera M. Pilar , Escolástico Sonia , Serra José M.
Published: July 2011

High ethylene productivity through the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane has been achieved in a catalytic membrane reactor based on a highly solid‐state oxygen permeable material (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ). Ethylene is selectively produced by avoiding the direct contact of molecular oxygen and hydrocarbons, thereby minimizing the oxygen concentration in the reaction side. Another key aspect in the process is the dilution of ethane in the feed to achieve high ethylene yields. There exists a specific combination of the ethane concentration and feed flow that maximizes ethylene productivity, whereas the diluting gas nature has a direct impact on the formation of higher olefins and coking issues. Indeed, the use of methane as an almost‐inert dilutant allows the reduction of oligomerization and aromatization of the formed ethylene and therefore improves the reactor stability even at operating temperatures from 800 to 900 °C. This behavior is attributed to the competitive adsorption of methane and ethane/ethylene, the modification of the radical‐driven homogeneous reaction, and the change of partially reducible membrane surface. The productivity values achieved at 850 °C were 383 mL min−1 cm−2 for Ar and 353 mL min−1 cm−2 for CH4, with a selectivity of 80 and 90 %, respectively.
Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐ and β‐Amino‐Substituted Aliphatic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Double‐Bond Migration/Conjugate Addition
Authors: Ohlmann Dominik M. , Gooßen Lukas J. , Dierker Markus
Published: July 2011

Rhodium–phosphite catalysts were found to effectively mediate double‐bond migrations within unsaturated esters. Once the double‐bond is in conjugation with the carboxylate group, they also catalyze the Michael addition of carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles. In the presence of these catalysts, unsaturated carboxylates enter a dynamic equilibrium of positional and geometrical double‐bond isomers. The conjugated species are continuously removed through 1,4‐additions with formation of β‐amino esters or β‐arylated products, depending on the nucleophile employed. The applicability of both protocols to a range of substrates, such as fatty esters of different chain lengths and double‐bond positions, and several nucleophiles including arylborates and primary and secondary amines, is demonstrated.
Influence of the Preparation Procedure on the Catalytic Activity of Gold Supported on Diamond Nanoparticles for Phenol Peroxidation
Authors: Martin Roberto , Navalon Sergio , Delgado Juan Jose , Calvino Jose J. , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: July 2011

The catalytic activity of diamond‐supported gold nanoparticle (Au/D) samples prepared by the deposition/precipitation method have been correlated as a function of the pH and the reduction treatment. It was found that the most active material is the one prepared at pH 5 followed by subsequent thermal treatment at 300 °C under hydrogen. TEM images show that Au/D prepared under optimal conditions contain very small gold nanoparticles with sizes below 2 nm that are proposed to be responsible for the catalytic activity. Tests of productivity using large phenol (50 g L−1) and H2O2 excesses (100 g L−1) and reuse gives a minimum TON of 458,759 moles of phenol degraded per gold atom. Analysis of the organic compounds extracted from the deactivated solid catalyst indicates that the poisons are mostly hydroxylated dicarboxylic acids arising from the degradative oxidation of the phenyl ring. By determining the efficiency for phenol degradation and the amount of O2 evolved two different reactions of H2O2 decomposition (the Fenton reaction at acidic pH values and spurious O2 evolution at basic pH values) are proposed for Au/D catalysis. The activation energy of the two processes is very similar (ranging between 30 and 35 kJ mol−1). By using dimethylsulfoxide as a radical scavenger and N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone as a spin trap under aerated conditions, the EPR spectrum of the expected PBNOCH3 adduct was detected, supporting the generation of HO., characteristic of Fenton chemistry in the process. Phenol degradation, on the other hand, exhibits the same activation energy as H2O2 decomposition at pH 4 (due to the barrierless attack of HO. to phenol), but increases the activation energy gradually up to about 90 kJ mol−1 at pH 7 and then undergoes a subsequent reduction as the pH increases reaching another minimum at pH 8.5 (49 kJ mol−1).
PtII Coordination to N1 of 9‐Methylguanine: Why it Facilitates Binding of Additional Metal Ions to the Purine Ring
Authors: Müller Barbara , Shen Wei‐Zheng , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Albertí Francisca M. , van der Wijst Tushar , Noguera Marc , Rodríguez‐Santiago Luis , Sodupe Mariona , Lippert Bernhard
Published: July 2011

The preparation and X‐ray crystal structure analysis of {trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N1)2]}⋅{3 K2[Pt(CN)4]}⋅6 H2O (3 a) (with 9‐MeG being the anion of 9‐methylguanine, 9‐MeGH) are reported. The title compound was obtained by treating [Pt(dien)(9‐MeGH‐N7)]2+ (1; dien=diethylenetriamine) with trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(H2O)2]2+ at pH 9.6, 60 °C, and subsequent removal of the [(dien)PtII] entities by treatment with an excess amount of KCN, which converts the latter to [Pt(CN)4]2−. Cocrystallization of K2[Pt(CN)4] with trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N1)2] is a consequence of the increase in basicity of the guanine ligand following its deprotonation and Pt coordination at N1. This increase in basicity is reflected in the pKa values of trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeGH‐N1)2]2+ (4.4±0.1 and 3.3±0.4). The crystal structure of 3 a reveals rare (N7,O6 chelate) and unconventional (N2,C2,N3) binding patterns of K+ to the guaninato ligands. DFT calculations confirm that K+ binding to the sugar edge of guanine for a N1‐platinated guanine anion is a realistic option, thus ruling against a simple packing effect in the solid‐state structure of 3 a. The linkage isomer of 3 a, trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N7)2] (6 a) has likewise been isolated, and its acid–base properties determined. Compound 6 a is more basic than 3 a by more than 4 log units. Binding of metal entities to the N7 positions of 9‐MeG in 3 a has been studied in detail for [(NH3)3PtII], trans‐[(NH3)2PtII], and [(en)PdII] (en=ethylenediamine) by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Without exception, binding of the second metal takes place at N7, but formation of a molecular guanine square with trans‐[(Me2NH2)PtII] cross‐linking N1 positions and trans‐[(NH3)2PtII] cross‐linking N7 positions could not be confirmed unambiguously, despite the fact that calculations are fully consistent with its existence.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of (Poly)phosphorylated Nucleosides and Conjugates
Authors: Tonn Viktoria Caroline , Meier Chris
Published: July 2011

Succinyl‐cycloSal‐phosphate triesters of ribo‐ and 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides were attached to aminomethyl polystyrene as an insoluble solid support and reacted with phosphate‐containing nucleophiles yielding nucleoside di‐ and triphosphates, nucleoside diphosphate sugars, and dinucleoside polyphosphates in high purity after cleavage from the solid support. Here, reactive cycloSal‐phosphate triesters were used as immobilized reagents that led to a generally applicable method for the efficient synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules and phosphate‐bridged bioconjugates.
The daughter four‐membered microtubule rootlet determines anterior–posterior positioning of the eyespot in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Boyd Joseph S. , Gray Miranda M. , Thompson Mark D. , Horst Cynthia J. , Dieckmann Carol L.
Published: July 2011

The characteristic geometry of the unicellular chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has contributed to its adoption as a model system for cellular asymmetry and organelle positioning. The eyespot, a photosensitive organelle, is localized asymmetrically in the cell at a precisely defined position relative to the flagella and cytoskeletal microtubule rootlets. We have isolated a mutant, named pey1 for posterior eyespot, with variable microtubule rootlet lengths. The length of the acetylated daughter four‐membered (D4) microtubule rootlet correlates with the position of the eyespot, which appears in a posterior position in the majority of cells. The correlation of rootlet length with eyespot positioning was also observed in the cmu1 mutant, which has longer acetylated microtubules, and the mlt1 mutant, in which the rootlet microtubules are shorter. Observation of eyespot positioning after depolymerization of rootlet microtubules indicated that eyespot position is fixed early in eyespot development and becomes independent of the rootlet. Our data demonstrate that the length of the D4 rootlet is the major determinant of eyespot positioning on the anterior–posterior axis and are suggestive that the gene product of the PEY1 locus is a novel regulator of acetylated microtubule length. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AAML03P1, a pilot study of the safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with chemotherapy for newly diagnosed childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cooper Todd M. , Franklin Janet , Gerbing Robert B. , Alonzo Todd A. , Hurwitz Craig , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy , Smith Franklin O. , Mathew Prasad , Arceci Robert J. , Feusner James , Iannone Robert , Lavey Robert S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Gamis Alan
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:

The development of antigen‐targeted therapies may provide additional options to improve outcomes in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The Children's Oncology Group AAML03P1 trial sought to determine the safety of adding 2 doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a humanized anti‐CD33 antibody‐targeted agent, to intensive chemotherapy during remission induction and postremission intensification for children with de novo AML.

METHODS:

AAML03P1 enrolled 350 children with previously untreated AML. Patients with a matched family donor received 3 courses of chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; those without a matched family donor received 5 courses of chemotherapy. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin 3 mg/m2/dose was administered on Day 6 of Course 1 and Day 7 of Course 4.

RESULTS:

Toxicities observed in all courses of therapy were typical of AML chemotherapy regimens, with infection being most common. Patients achieved a complete remission rate of 83% after 1 course and 87% after 2 courses. The mortality rate was 1.5% after the first gemtuzumab ozogamicin‐containing induction course and 2.6% after 2 induction courses. The 3‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 53 ± 6% and 66 ± 5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

This trial determined that it is safe and feasible to include gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with intensive chemotherapy. The survival rates compare favorably with the recently published results of clinical trials worldwide. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Azacitidine for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Maurillo Luca , Venditti Adriano , Spagnoli Alessandra , Gaidano Gianluca , Ferrero Dario , Oliva Esther , Lunghi Monia , D'Arco Alfonso M. , Levis Alessandro , Pastore Domenico , Di Renzo Nicola , Santagostino Alberto , Pavone Vincenzo , Buccisano Francesco , Musto Pellegrino
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:

The efficacy of azacitidine for the treatment of high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes has prompted the issue of its potential role even in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODS:

The authors analyzed 82 patients with AML who were diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. The median patient age was 72 years (range, 29‐87 years), and 27 patients (33%) had secondary AML. Of 62 patients with evaluable cytogenetics, 18 patients (29%) had a poor‐risk karyotype, and 44 patients (71%) had an intermediate karyotype. Thirty‐five patients (43%) received azacitidine as front‐line treatment, and 47 patients (57%) had previously received 1 or more line of chemotherapy.

RESULTS:

The overall response rate was 32% (26 of 82 patients) and included 12 (15%) complete remissions (CRs), 4 (5%) CRs with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), and 10 (12%) partial responses (PRs). Responses were observed more frequently among untreated patients compared with pretreated patients; in fact, 17 of 35 untreated patients (48%) responded, including 11 responses (31%) classified as CR/CRi. Conversely, only 9 of 47 pretreated patients (19%) responded, including 5 responses (11%) that were classified as CR/Cri. The response rate was significantly higher for untreated patients (P = .006) and those who had white blood cell counts <10 × 109/L (P = .006). For untreated patients who achieved a response, the median overall response duration was 13 months, and the 1‐year and 2‐years overall survival rates were 58% and 24%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that azacitidine promises to be an effective therapy for elderly patients with untreated AML and with white blood cell counts <10 × 109/L. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Small renal masses progressing to metastases under active surveillance
Authors: Smaldone Marc C. , Kutikov Alexander , Egleston Brian L. , Canter Daniel J. , Viterbo Rosalia , Chen David Y. T. , Jewett Michael A. , Greenberg Richard E. , Uzzo Robert G.
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:

The authors systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a pooled analysis of studies on small renal masses who underwent active surveillance to identify the risk progression and the characteristics associated with metastases.

METHODS:

A search of the MEDLINE database was performed to identify all clinical series that reported the surveillance of localized renal masses. For studies that reported individual‐level data, clinical and radiographic characteristics of tumors without progression were compared with the characteristics of tumors that progressed to metastases.

RESULTS:

Eighteen series (880 patients, 936 masses) met screening criteria; and, among these, 18 patients were identified who had tumors that progressed to metastasis (mean, 40.2 months). Six studies (259 patients, 284 masses) provided individual‐level data for pooled analysis. At a mean (±standard deviation) follow‐up of 33.5 ± 22.6 months, the mean initial greatest tumor dimension was 2.3 ± 1.3 cm, and mean linear growth rate was 0.31 ± 0.38 cm per year. Sixty‐five masses (23%) exhibited zero net growth under surveillance, and none of those masses progressed to metastasis. A pooled analysis revealed increased age (age 75.1 ± 9.1 years vs 66.6 ± 12.3 years; P = .03), an initial greatest tumor dimension (4.1 ± 2.1 cm vs 2.3 ± 1.3 cm; P < .0001), initial estimated tumor volume (66.3 ± 100.0 cm3 vs 15.1 ± 60.3 cm3; p = .0001), linear growth rate of (0.8 ± 0.65 cm per year vs 0.3 ± 0.4 cm per year; P = .0001), and a volumetric growth rate of 27.1 ± 24.9 cm3 per year (vs 6.2 ± 27.5 cm3 per year; P < .0001) in the progression cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

A substantial proportion of small renal masses remained radiographically static after an initial period of active surveillance. Progression to metastases occurred in a small percentage of patients and generally was a late event. The current results indicated that, in patients who have competing health risks, radiographic surveillance may be an acceptable initial approach, and delayed intervention may be reserved for patients who have tumors that exhibit significant linear or volumetric growth. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Color assessment of granitic rocks and implications for their ornamental utilization
Authors: Sousa Luís M. O. , Gonçalves Bruno M. M.
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the assessment of granite color, such as grain size and texture, and to propose a methodology for this task which would reduce the margin of error associated with this procedure. For this purpose, an evaluation was carried out on the color of several granites with different textures used in the dimensional stone industry to highlight the importance of the sample area, the number of measurements per sample and the aperture of the equipment. A colorimeter was used to measure the granite color according to the CIE‐L*a*b* and CIE‐L*C*abhab systems, in both large slabs and small samples selected in a processing plant of ornamental granites. Granite color characteristics from large slabs had to be obtained with at least 60 shots due to the variation between different slabs. Therefore, several samples are needed for granite characterization. The color of gray granites does not vary significantly. Nevertheless, the more weathered granites show significant differences which are more evident in the b*‐parameter, or the yellow–blue component, which allow the use of the colorimeter for quality control. By doing so significant differences among the rock pieces used in a single building can be avoided. There were no significant differences found in the color parameters from distinct apertures. However, due to the heterogeneity of the granite the color is evaluated better with larger apertures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
The CRI‐CAM02UCS colour rendering index
Authors: Li Cheng , Ronnier Luo M. , Li Changjun , Cui Guihua
Published: July 2011

A new colour rendering index, CRI‐CAM02UCS, is proposed. It predicts visual results more accurately than the CIE CIR‐Ra. It includes two components necessary for predicting colour rendering in one metric: a chromatic adaptation transform and uniform colour space based on the CIE recommended colour appearance model, CIECAM02. The new index gave the same ranks as those of CIE‐Ra in the six lamps tested regardless the sample sets used. It was also found that the methods based on the size of colour gamut did not agree with those based on the test‐sample method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Energy management control for supplying partner selection protocol in mobile peer‐to‐peer three‐dimensional streaming
Authors: Maamar Haifa Raja , Alonso Graciela Roman , Boukerche Azzedine , Petriu Emil
Published: July 2011

In recent years, three‐dimensional (3D) streaming over thin mobile devices has received very little attention from the research community. The 3D streaming‐based class of applications uses either a centralized or a distributed approach. whereas the former presents several drawbacks such as latency, server's bottleneck, and networks congestion; the latter, that is, peer‐to‐peer, has to deal with the supplying partner issue that consists in selecting the source that will be responsible for streaming the required 3D data. Given that frequent 3D streaming overuses the mobile device's resources and dissipates its energy, the energy factor should be taken into consideration during the selection of the supplier. In this paper, we propose two energy management control protocols for supplying partner selection in peer‐to‐peer 3D streaming that we refer to as one‐level energy‐based and two‐level energy‐based. We also propose a new source load estimator that takes into account two factors namely the source's residual energy and its number of served requests. In one‐level energy‐based, the requester uses the source's load information to prioritize the sources in an ascending order and distribute the requests starting with the least loaded sources. In two‐level energy‐based, both the requester and the supplier have important and complementary roles and participate in the energy management control. We then report on the performance evaluation of our energy management control protocols using an extensive set of simulation experiments with the NS2 tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios
Authors: Shi Hongxin , Ren Changyu , Luo Suhua , Meng Qingxin , Sun Xiudong
Published: July 2011

Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown in air by the Czochralski technique with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb]=0.94, 1.05, 1.20) in melt. The defect structure and location of doped ions were analyzed by the UV‐visible absorption spectra. The optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was investigated by the photoinduced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals decreases with the increase of the [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The dependence of the optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals on the defect structure is discussed in detail. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Second harmonic generation in Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystals
Authors: Zhou W. W. , Zhuang R. Z. , Zhao W. , Wang G. F. , Zhang L. Z. , Ma J. G. , Bao X. , Wang F. W. , Chen Y. H.
Published: July 2011

Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystals with dimensions up to 22 × 20 × 5 mm3has been grown from NaBO2 flux by the top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG) method for the first time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result shows that Na3Gd2(BO3)3 melts incongruently. The infrared spectrum indicates that Na3Gd2(BO3)3 contains characteristic triangular [BO3]3– groups responsible for the nonlinear optical effect. For the as‐grown crystal, the transmittance exceeds 80% in the wavelength range of 315 nm to 2670 nm, and the UV cutoff wavelength is 207 nm. The damage threshold is 0.47 GW cm–2 at 1064 nm. Moreover, Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystal exhibits an optical second harmonic generation effect which is 1.3 times as large as that of KH2PO4 (KDP). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Debye‐Waller factor and Debye temperature of CdO nanoparticles
Authors: Mariammal R. N. , Susila V. M. , Ramachandran K.
Published: July 2011

Theoretical calculation on the phonon dispersion of CdO nanoparticles at room temperature is reported here for the first time. The mean square amplitude, Debye–Waller factor and Debye temperature are calculated for CdO nanoparticles from the phonon spectrum and compared with the experimental results obtained from Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern of the CdO nanoparticles. The thermal stability of the nanoparticles is studied from both the experimental and theoretical calculations of melting point which is found to be 3686 K and 3951 K, respectively, greater than that of bulk CdO. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of SrMoO4 microstructures by the microwave radiation‐assisted chelating agent method
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Chunsheng , Wang Lina , Ma Xuegang , Zhang Zhijia , Song Mingyang , Ma Peijuan
Published: July 2011

SrMoO4 rose‐like and persimmon‐like structures were synthesized via microwave radiation‐assisted chelating agent method. The microstructure and morphology of the as‐prepared samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission scanning electron microscope. According to the experimental results, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, as an outstanding chelating agent, plays an important role in inducing the morphology evolution. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Telomerisation of 1,3‐Butadiene with 1,4:3,6‐Dianhydrohexitols: An Atom‐Economic and Selective Synthesis of Amphiphilic Monoethers from Agro‐Based Diols
Authors: Lai Jonathan , Bigot Sandra , Sauthier Mathieu , Molinier Valérie , Suisse Isabelle , Castanet Yves , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Mortreux André
Published: July 2011

The telomerisation of 1,3‐butadiene with a Pd/TPPTS catalytic system in water or an organic solvent was used for the synthesis of C8 ethers from isosorbide, an agro‐based diol. The use of water/oil biphasic reaction conditions allowed the selective synthesis of monoethers with improved rates upon using inorganic bases as promotors. As isosorbide is a non‐symmetric diol, the two hydroxyl groups display different reactivities. 2‐O‐substituted‐monoethers were preferentially obtained if water was used as the solvent, whereas in DMSO 5‐O‐substituted monoethers were the major products. Complete conversions of isosorbide with up to 94 % monoether selectivities were obtained. The optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to isomannide and isoidide for the selective synthesis of the derived ethers. An improved reactivity of the endo‐hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isomannide versus the exo‐hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isoidide was observed if the reaction was performed in DMSO instead of water.
Bandwidth allocation for cooperative relay networks based on Nash bargaining solution
Authors: Ma Kai , Han Qiaoni , Chen Cailian , Guan Xinping
Published: July 2011

This paper is concerned with the bandwidth allocation problem for cooperative relay networks. The relay takes the roles of not only forwarding the data originated from the users but also of transmitting its own data to the access point. We focus on the interesting questions of when and how the users and the relay can both benefit from the cooperation by bandwidth allocation for relaying among the users. The bandwidth allocation problem is formulated in this paper as a Nash bargaining problem, and then the bandwidth allocation algorithm can be given on the basis of the sub‐gradient method. Simulation results illustrate that users and the relay can both obtain more profits through cooperation. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Within‐litter variance in early rat pup–mother interactions and adult offspring responses to novelty
Authors: Ragan C.M. , Loken E. , Stifter C.A. , Cavigelli S.A.
Published: July 2011

Siblings share similar genetics and environments, however, their behavior can be quite different. To determine if within‐litter variance in neonatal–maternal interactions predict adult sibling behavioral variance, we observed mother–pup interactions during postnatal days 1–8 in four Sprague–Dawley rat litters and measured adult offspring behavioral responses to social and physical novelty. Our results indicate that pup and maternal behavior varied by at least twofold within each litter, and that specific pup behaviors within each litter (perioral contact) were associated with increased maternal licking. Furthermore, siblings that received more licks and made more perioral contact during postnatal days 1–8 had longer latencies to approach novel objects in adulthood than siblings that received less licking and made less perioral contact. This within‐litter variance in postnatal mother and pup behavior and offspring adult behavior indicates that early social dynamics within families are an important area to examine to understand the development of sibling variance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:199‐206, 2012.
Self‐regulation of negative affect at 5 and 10 months
Authors: Morasch Katherine C. , Bell Martha Ann
Published: July 2011

One hundred six infants participated in a longitudinal study of cognition–emotion integration exploring the effects of attentional control on regulation of negative affect across infancy. At both 5 and 10 months, attentional control was measured behaviorally (looking time to neutral stimulus), physiologically (cardiac reactivity), and with temperament‐based parental ratings of orienting/regulation. Looking and cardiac measures were examined both before and after a mild stressor. At 5 months, post‐distress negative affect was related only to distress‐related increases in heart rate. At 10 months, however, behavioral, cardiac, and parent‐report aspects of attentional control explained unique variance in post‐distress negative affect. Attentional control measures at 5 months did not predict negative affect at 10 months. This pattern of results is discussed with respect to the development of frontally mediated regulatory mechanisms from infancy into early childhood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:215‐221, 2012.
Does the early social environment affect structure and consistency of personality in wild‐type male rats?
Authors: Gracceva Giulia , Koolhaas Jaap M. , Groothuis Ton G.G.
Published: July 2011

Animal personality has been extensively studied from a functional and evolutionary point of view. Less attention has been paid to the development of personality, its phenotypic plasticity, and the influence of manipulation of early environmental factors. Here we describe the effects of manipulating the sex ratio of the litter, at postnatal day (pnd) 3, in wild‐type rats, on personality traits in adulthood. We measured the treatment effects on aggression, defensive burying, and open field behavior at pnd 90 and 120, as well as on their contextual generality, and stability over time (differential and structural consistency). Main effects of litter composition were found on open field behavior at pnd 120 but not on the other behaviors. Since correlations between behaviors changed over time irrespective of the specific treatment, whereas in previous studies on unmanipulated litters this was not the case we suggest that early handling may disrupt adult personality traits. Overall the data indicate that personality is less stable over time that often assumed, having both proximate and ultimate implications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:614–623, 2011.
Dendritic structural plasticity
Authors: Tavosanis Gaia
Published: July 2011

Dendrites represent the compartment of neurons primarily devoted to collecting and computating input. Far from being static structures, dendrites are highly dynamic during development and appear to be capable of plastic changes during the adult life of animals. During development, it is a combination of intrinsic programs and external signals that shapes dendrite morphology; input activity is a conserved extrinsic factor involved in this process. In adult life, dendrites respond with more modest modifications of their structure to various types of extrinsic information, including alterations of input activity. Here, the author reviews classical and recent evidence of dendrite plasticity in invertebrates and vertebrates and current progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this plasticity. Importantly, some fundamental questions such as the functional role of dendrite remodeling and the causal link between structural modifications of neurons and plastic processes, including learning, are still open. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 73–86, 2012