bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Much Exposure to English Do International Graduate Students Really Get? Measuring Language Use in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Ranta Leila , Meckelborg Amy
Published: January 2013

Abstract:

Many believe that the best way to learn a language is to study it in a country where that language is widely spoken. Underlying this belief is the assumption that study in a naturalistic setting will provide learners with ample opportunities for exposure to the target language and interaction with native-speakers of that language. This article reports the findings from a longitudinal study of the quantity and quality of exposure experienced by 17 Chinese graduate students at a Canadian university. Exposure was measured using a computerized log that participants completed once a month for one week, over a six-month period. Our findings show a general trend toward receptive rather than interactive use of English, and considerable variation among individuals in terms of the amount and type of language use. The discussion explores possible reasons for participants’ relatively low amount of oral interaction in English in this naturalistic setting.
From 1727 Bedford Street to 1839 Wylie Avenue: Home in August Wilson’s Pittsburgh Cycle
Authors: Wardi Anissa Janine
Published: January 2013

August Wilson had a fraught relationship to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the city of his birth, yet in his literary imagination he returned again and again to his hometown, setting nine out of the ten plays in the neighbourhood of the Hill District. For Wilson, home is collapsed with exile, and such a schism – the pull toward, and the problems of, claiming a home – is manifest throughout his dramaturgy in the repeated tropes of deeds, property, land, and fences, which find particular resonance in Radio Golf, a play he was finishing in the final weeks of his life. Wilson’s dramatic vision of home, which he relentlessly probed throughout his career, pivots on the axis of displacement. This article maintains that, in Wilson’s Pittsburgh Cycle, the gentrification of the Hill District (which was the result of a national urban renewal project) and urban migration are metonyms of the African diaspora, the initial and most devastating breach of home.
Why It Matters: The Value of Literature as Object of Inquiry in Qualitative Research
Authors: Nathan Robert
Published: January 2013

Literature is often excluded from the realm of social science, even by qualitatively minded scholars. While research drawing on non-fiction documents, such as a historian might undertake, is usually lent legitimacy and seriousness, many view research in literature as an artistic domain best left to literary scholars. Novels, however, provide unique insights into important social questions, and social scientists cannot afford to ignore them. Furthermore, the distinctions between novels and social scientific works are ambiguous, and these domains share a great deal in both form and aim. This sharing cuts both ways, with novelists offering social insights comparable to those of the anthropologist or historian and the social scientist borrowing literary devices for the elaboration of his or her ideas.
'Yaba' Addiction-A Rising Concern in Bangladesh
Authors: Fattah Sk Abdul
Published: January 2013

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13496 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2): 50
Evaluation of Prescribing Pattern of the Private Practitioners in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Fouzia , Uddin Md Royes , Islam M M Shahin Ul , Sarker Mst Nagnin , Barman Rakhal Chandra , Ali Md Yusuf
Published: January 2013

A prescription order is a written instruction of doctors to pharmacist to supply drugs in particular form to a patient and the directions to the patients regarding the use of medicines. This study was undertaken to observe the prescribing patterns of the private practitioners in Bangladesh, 430 prescriptions were collected randomly from Dhaka city and analyzed using WHO/INRUD indicators. There were average 3.40 drugs per prescription. Drugs were prescribed in generic name only in 0.20%. About 46.31% drugs were prescribed from the Essential Drug List, only 19% of prescriptions were complete in respect to patient medication information. Antibiotics were prescribed in 70.33% of the prescriptions; injections were prescribed in about 8.35% of the prescriptions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13497 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2): 51-53
EPI Coverage among Under 5 Children Attending Pediatric Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Shoma Farah Naz , Shah Nadim Ahmed , Sarker Mst Naznin , Islam M M Shahin Ul , Saad Tania , Mollah Abid Hossain
Published: January 2013

This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1000 children between 10 months to 5 years of age during November 2004 to February 2005 attended in the department of pediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) with different childhood illness. Aim of study was to know the Immunization (EPI) coverage, dropout rate and factors influencing dropout. According to parent's statement, 82.5% of the children were fully, 16.1% were partially and 1.4% were non-immunized. Specific immunization coverage revealed that, 97.3% were immunized with BCG, 96.7% with DPT1/OPV1, 92.9% with DPT2/OPV2, 91% with DPT3/OPV3 & 84% with measles vaccine. Among the BCG vaccinated children 91.77% had BCG scar. Drop out of DPT1-DPT3 was 5.78% & DPT1- measles was 12.88%. The main reason found for non-immunization were lack of faith in programme (57.1%), lack of awareness (21.4%), and fear of side effects (21.4%), whereas lack of awareness (41.6%) and illness of child (32.9%) played role behind drop out. Drop out cases were found to be associated with female sex, parent's illiteracy, higher number of children in the family and father's occupation (p<0.001), whereas mothers occupation had no independent effect on coverage (p>0.05). The study findings suggested that despite the effort taken by Government and NGOs to expand coverage, dropout rates are unacceptably high. To combat this challenge counseling and motivation on EPI, improvement of information system, health education and training of health workers are required. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13499 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2): 59-62
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in open wound management: A study of 16 Cases in Orthopaedic Department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Shaheed Nusrat , Chowdhury A S M Jahangir , Mondal Anadi Ranjan , Paul Amal Chandra , Akhter Md Shahin , Rahman A S M Tanjilur , Islam Md Touhidul Touhidul , Chowdhury Mohiuddin Majed
Published: January 2013

Wound management is a major concern in open fracture cases. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is an  advanced method for managing open wounds. It is a topical treatment using sub-atmospheric pressure to increase  blood flow, remove bacteria and increase growth of granulation tissue in the wound. The study was performed to  evaluate the results of NPWT in patients with open fracture in lower extremity. Using Aquarium pump as an NPWT  device, 16 patients were prospectly treated for open fractures in their inferior extremity. Mean patients' age range was  21 to 60 yrs. The patients under study either had suffered from trauma, fall or had post operative wound infection.  Many of them had wounds with underlying tendon or bone exposure. Necrotic tissues were debrided before applying  NPWT. Dressings were changed every 3rd or 4th day and treatments were continued for 07 to 28 days. Exposed  tendons and bones were successfully covered with healthy granulation tissue in all cases, depth of the wounds  reduced as well as surface areas. In 12 cases coverage of granulation tissue were achieved and further managed by  skin grafting, 4 cases with wound infections were closed with secondary suture. No significant complications were  noted regarding the treatment. NPWT was found to facilitate the rapid formation of healthy granulation tissue on  open wounds in lower extremity and thus to shorten healing time and minimize secondary soft tissue defect coverage  procedures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13500 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):63-66
Pattern of Child and Adolescent Patients Attending Psychiatric Outpatient Department of the Mental Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Giasuddin Noor Ahmed , Diba Shazadi Farha
Published: January 2013

Bangladesh has only one mental hospital which is situated in Pabna district of the country. People from the nearby locality as well as from distant regions of the country come here for psychiatric service. Clinical records of all the children who attended the outpatient department of 'Mental Hospital, Pabna' (MHP) during January, 2009 to June, 2009 were analyzed. Of the 143 children, 125 (88%) were of school going age (i.e., ?6 years of age). The majority (63%) of the patients were male. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) classification revealed that the patients came with mental retardation (F70-F79) (38%), Episodic and paroxysmal disorder (G43-G44) (26%) and Schizophrenia, schizotypal & delusional disorders (F20-F29) (22%). The main comorbid condition was behavioural problem with mental retardation (43% of mentally retarded). Of the 103 patient we had information about the   pathway to care, 20 patients (19%) came directly to MHP and the rest 83 (81%) consulted other service provider before reaching here. Among the previous service providers, there were medical graduates (60%), Kobiraj (36%) and indigenous & religious healer (34%). Considering the variety of presentation of child and adolescent patients, we   propose to establish a multidisciplinary approach in MHP. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13501 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):67-70
Quality of Care: View of Patient Satisfaction with Physiotherapy in Government and Private Settings in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Sheikh Jamal , Ferdousi Jannatul , Biswas Manaj Kumar , Mahfuz Nageeb , Biswas Gonopati
Published: January 2013

Patients' satisfaction plays an important role to attract patients for health services. It has not been closely monitored in  physiotherapy; limited studies exist in this area of allied health services. The objective of the study was to determine  the level of satisfaction of patients at the government and private hospitals in Dhaka and to compare between two facilities. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out with patients who sought physiotherapy care at the outdoor of Physical Medicine Department of the Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and the Centre for  Rehabilitation of Paralyzed (CRP), Mirpur, Dhaka. In total, 150 patients - 75 from each setting were interviewed. Appropriate research instruments comprising a structured and semi-structured questionnaire developed by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) were administered by interviewers to collect data. To find out any association among the socio-demographic characteristics, chi-squire test was applied, and the level of satisfaction was measured in percentages to compare between the two settings (government and private). Patients attendance differ  because different socio-demographic characteristics and location of physical health problem in two hospital. Location  of the hospital, privacy of patients, behaviour of staff members, physical qualities of hospitals (cleanliness, light, ventilation, etc.) had more than 10% variation in the level of satisfaction between the two settings. So, patient satisfaction with physiotherapy is higher in private setting than that in government setting in Dhaka. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13502 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):71-74
Uterine Rupture - Experience of 30 Cases at Faridpur Medical College Hospital
Authors: Mahbuba Dr , Alam Irin Parveen
Published: January 2013

Rupture uterus is a rare and often catastrophic condition. It is associated with a high incidence of fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Our objective in this study is to determine incidence, etiology, trend, management, maternal and fetal outcome of uterine rupture in Faridpur Medical College Hospital. This is a prospective cross-sectional study  of patients with ruptured uterus from the period of January 2011 to December 2011 admitted at Faridpur Medical College Hospital. All the cases of ruptured uterus who were either admitted with uterine rupture or who developed it  in hospital were included in the study. Patients having ruptured uterus due to congenital anomaly were excluded from  the study. Patients were initially assessed in labour ward, relevant sociodemographic data, previous antenatal and  surgical history recorded. Ways of management, maternal and fetal outcome were taken for analysis. There were 30 cases of ruptured uterus out of total 3606 deliveries (including 1809 caesarian sections) over a one year time period, with a prevalence of 0.83%. The most common age group was 21-30 years. A majority of patients 16(53.3%) were cases of unscarred uterus presenting with rupture; the common cause of rupture in scarred uterus was injudicious use of oxytocin (13,43.33%). Proper antenatal care, appropriate counseling of patients with history of previous caesarian section for hospital delivery, training of skilled birth attendant can reduce mortality and morbidity due to rupture uterus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13504 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):79-81
Pseudomyxoma peritonei: A Review
Authors: Kamal S M , Bakar Md Abu , Ali Md Yusuf , Ahad Md Abdul
Published: January 2013

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is rare clinical entity characterized by abundant extracellular mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity and tumoural implants on the peritoneal surfaces. The origin of PMP is controversial. It often arises from the goblet cells of large bowel or appendix. There is increase in MUC-2 secreting cells and accumulation of excessive mucin secreted by these cells in the peritoneal cavity. A ruptured appendiceal mucinous adenoma is the most common origin. Low grade ovarian malignancy is often associated. Patient may present with growing abdominal masses associated with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weight loss. Ultrasonogram and CT scan of the abdomen have role in diagnosis but diagnosis is often difficult before laparotomy or laparoscopy. Debulking surgery with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy is the treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13523 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):88-92
Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis in an Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Masud Hasan , Sarker Md Khalequzzaman , Rana Mushtaque Ahmad , Ahmed Dewan Saifuddin , Islam MM Shahin Ul , Raihan ASMA
Published: January 2013

Strongyloides stercoralis is a common intestinal parasite in tropics and subtropics. In Bangladesh, prevalence is likely to be high due to poor sanitation. Clinical presentations are frequently nonspecific. However, in immunosuppressed individuals, infection becomes overwhelming and may disseminate and results in high rates of mortality. Unless a high index of suspicion, this readily treatable disease may be missed. Here we report a case of hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis in a patient who was on corticosteroid treatment. A 45 years old male was admitted in Gastroenterology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with the complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea for 2 weeks. He was on prednisolone 60 mg with omeprazole 40 mg daily for 4 weeks for his eyelid drooping prior to the development of abdominal symptoms. Physical examination revealed a severely malnourished, moderately anemic patient with muscle wasting, angular stomatitis, desquamated skins of feet and hands. Abdominal examination revealed generalized tenderness with moderate ascites. Investigations revealed Hb-7.4 gm/dl with normal WBC count (eosinophil-11% before steroid therapy), S.albumin-19gm/l with prolonged prothrombin time and hypokalemia. USG of abdomen revealed moderate ascites. Endoscopy of upper GIT showed congestion and multiple erosions in the stomach and also in the duodenum. Biopsy from the duodenum revealed adult   Strongyloides stercoralis on the surface, larva and ova in the duodenal crypts. The patient was treated with 10 days of oral ivermectin along with blood transfusion, correction of nutritional status and electrolyte imbalance. Patient was discharged home after a total of 20 days of hospitalization DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13526 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):98-101
Methamphetamine (YABA) Abuse: A Case Study in Young Male
Authors: Islam Rifat Naoreen , Tabassum Noor E , Shafiuzzaman AKM , Umar Badar Uddin , Khanam Matira
Published: January 2013

Methamphetamine dependence is a serious worldwide public health problem with major medical, psychiatric, socioeconomic & legal consequences. Various neuronal mechanisms implicated in methamphetamine dependence have been suggested. Drugs of abuse are of two types: natural drugs and synthetic psychotropic substances. The former includes opium, cocaine and cannabis. The latter includes pethidine, barbiturates, tranquillizers, amphetamines. There has been increasing incidence of addiction to certain drugs amongst young people in our country. Our patient is a student of private university of 24 year old male with a history of YABA addiction for 4 years. Without having it he can't do anything. If he cannot take it, peevish temperament occurs. He collects drugs from the local spots or particular person. This condition is very much dangerous to the individual and socio-economic condition of country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13527 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):102-104
Power Quality Assessment in Small Scale Renewable Energy Sources Supplying Distribution Systems
Authors: Golovanov Nicolae , Lazaroiu George , Roscia Mariacristina , Zaninelli Dario
Published: January 2013

The impact of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems on network operation and power quality (harmonics, and voltage fluctuations) is very important. The capability of the power system to absorb this perturbation is dependent on the fault level at the point of common coupling. The paper deals with power quality case studies conducted on existing renewable resources-based systems. Voltage fluctuations determined by a 0.65 MVA wind turbine are analyzed. The impact of photovoltaic systems on steady state voltage variations and current harmonics is investigated. The correlation between the generated power and the main power quality indices is highlighted.
Quorum Sensing in Extreme Environments
Authors: Montgomery Kate , Charlesworth James , LeBard Rebecca , Visscher Pieter , Burns Brendan
Published: January 2013

Microbial communication, particularly that of quorum sensing, plays an important role in regulating gene expression in a range of organisms. Although this phenomenon has been well studied in relation to, for example, virulence gene regulation, the focus of this article is to review our understanding of the role of microbial communication in extreme environments. Cell signaling regulates many important microbial processes and may play a pivotal role in driving microbial functional diversity and ultimately ecosystem function in extreme environments. Several recent studies have characterized cell signaling in modern analogs to early Earth communities (microbial mats), and characterization of cell signaling systems in these communities may provide unique insights in understanding the microbial interactions involved in function and survival in extreme environments. Cell signaling is a fundamental process that may have co-evolved with communities and environmental conditions on the early Earth. Without cell signaling, evolutionary pressures may have even resulted in the extinction rather than evolution of certain microbial groups. One of the biggest challenges in extremophile biology is understanding how and why some microbial functional groups are located where logically they would not be expected to survive, and tightly regulated communication may be key. Finally, quorum sensing has been recently identified for the first time in archaea, and thus communication at multiple levels (potentially even inter-domain) may be fundamental in extreme environments.
Sinapyl Alcohol Derivatives from the Lipo-soluble Part of Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. Clarke
Authors: Tian Xinhui , Ding Gang , Peng Chaozhong , Hu Yanbao , Li Li , Chen Hong , Zou Zhongmei
Published: January 2013

Four new sinapyl alcohol derivatives dichrocephols A–D (compounds 1–4) were isolated from the lipo-soluble part of the whole herb of Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. Clarke, together with the known compound syringenin isovalerate (5). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Their absolute configurations were established by the method of alkaline hydrohysis. Compounds 1–3 showed moderate cytotoxity against HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 14.8 μM, 51.6 μM and 81.6 μM, respectively. This is the first time that sinapyl alcohol derivatives were isolated from the genus Dichrocephala.
Ganoderma tsugae Hepatoprotection against Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Huang Chi-Chang , Huang Wen-Ching , Yang Suh-Ching , Chan Chih-Chi , Lin Wan-Teng
Published: January 2013

Several studies have been shown that accelerated apoptosis is involved in post-exercise lymphocytopenia and tissue damage after high-intensity exercise. Ganoderma tsugae (GT) is one of the well-known medicinal mushrooms that possess various pharmacological functions. This mushroom has traditionally been used for health promotion purposes. This study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of GT on exhaustive exercise-induced liver damage. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and designated as exhaustive exercise only (E), exhaustive exercise with low dosage (EL), medium dosage (EM) and high dosage (EH) GT at 0, 0.1875, 0.9375 and 1.875 g/kg/day, respectively. After 30 days all rats were euthanized immediately after an exhaustive running challenge on a motorized treadmill. The rat livers were immediately harvested. Evidence of apoptotic liver cell death was revealed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and caspases mediated cascade events. DNA fragmentation, an apoptosis process, can be examined using TUNEL assay. A few TUNEL-positive hepatocytes, compared to the exercise only group, were observed in the livers from exhaustive animals supplemented with GT. Immunoblot analysis also showed that caspase-6-mediated specific cleavage of lamin A/C was increased significantly in the livers of group E, but was significantly decreased in the EM and EH groups. Our observations demonstrate that GT possesses anti-apoptotic and hepatoprotective potential after exhaustive exercise.
Effects of Adenosine Extract from Pholiota adiposa (Fr.) Quel on mRNA Expressions of Superoxide Dismutase and Immunomodulatory Cytokines
Authors: Wang Chang , Qiao Wen , Zhang Ye , Liu Fang
Published: January 2013

Pholiota adiposa is a kind of edible mushroom which has long been known for its health care applications. To reveal the exact mechanism of its protective functions in humans, in this study we isolated and identified the active compound PB3 of P. adiposa for the first time by a combination of chromatography techniques, including NKA macroporous resin and Sephadex G-15. PB3, with molecular mass of 267.2 Da and molecular formula of C10H13N5O4 discovered by mass spectrum (MS) was identified to be adenosine. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with purified fraction PB3. Seven days after injection, we found a 1.5-fold increase of IL10 at the mRNA level, while a down regulated expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ to 49.0%, 56.9% and 73.4%, respectively, was detected in spleen by real-time quantitative PCR. What’s more, SOD expression level was significantly increased by 1.6-fold compared to control. Fraction PB3 displayed anti-inflammatory potency and heightened SOD activity on the transcriptional level, which could be considered of further pharmaceutical or medication value.
A Time-Domain CMOS Oscillator-Based Thermostat with Digital Set-Point Programming
Authors: Chen Chun-Chi , Lin Shih-Hao
Published: January 2013

This paper presents a time-domain CMOS oscillator-based thermostat with digital set-point programming [without a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) or external resistor] to achieve on-chip thermal management of modern VLSI systems. A time-domain delay-line-based thermostat with multiplexers (MUXs) was used to substantially reduce the power consumption and chip size, and can benefit from the performance enhancement due to the scaling down of fabrication processes. For further cost reduction and accuracy enhancement, this paper proposes a thermostat using two oscillators that are suitable for time-domain curvature compensation instead of longer linear delay lines. The final time comparison was achieved using a time comparator with a built-in custom hysteresis to generate the corresponding temperature alarm and control. The chip size of the circuit was reduced to 0.12 mm2 in a 0.35-mm TSMC CMOS process. The thermostat operates from 0 to 90 °C, and achieved a fine resolution better than 0.05 °C and an improved inaccuracy of ± 0.6 °C after two-point calibration for eight packaged chips. The power consumption was 30 µW at a sample rate of 10 samples/s.
Decrease of Global Methylation Improves Significantly Hepatic Differentiation of Ad-MSCs: Possible Future Application for Urea Detoxification
Authors: Seeliger C. , Culmes M. , Schyschka L. , Yan X. , Damm G. , Wang Z. , Kleeff J. , Thasler W. E. , Hengstler J. , Stöckle U. , Ehnert S. , Nüssler A. K.
Published: January 2013

Hepatocyte transplantation is considered to be an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation. Cells can be used to bridge patients waiting for a donor organ, decrease mortality in acute liver failure, and support metabolic liver diseases. The limited availability of primary human hepatocytes for such applications has led to the generation of alternative hepatocyte-like cells from various adult stem or precursor cells. The aim of this study was to generate hepatocyte-like cells from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) for clinical applications, which are available “off the shelf.” Epigenetic changes in hepatocyte-like cells were induced by 5-azacytidine, which, in combination with other supplements, leads to significantly improved metabolic and enzymatic activities compared to nontreated cells. Cells with sufficient hepatic features were generated with a four-step protocol: 5-azacytidine (step 1); epidermal growth factor (step 2); fibroblast growth factor-4, dexamethasone, insulin-transferrin-sodium-selenite, and nicotinamide (step 3); and hepatocyte growth factor, dexamethasone, insulin-transferrin-sodium-selenite, and nicotinamide (step 4). Generated differentiated cells had higher phase I (CYP1A1/2, CYP2E1, CYP2B6, CYP3A4) and phase II activities compared to the undifferentiated cells. A strong expression of CYP3A7 and a weak expression of 3A4, as well as the important detoxification markers α-fetoprotein and albumin, could also be detected at the mRNA level. Importantly, urea metabolism (basal, NH4-stimulated, NH4- and ornithine-stimulated) was comparable to freshly isolated human hepatocytes, and unlike cryopreserved human hepatocytes, this activity was maintained after 6 months of cryopreservation. These findings suggest that these cells may be suitable for clinical application, especially for treatment of urea cycle disorders.
Survival, Integration, and Differentiation of Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells in the Heart
Authors: Ding Zhaoping , Burghoff Sandra , Buchheiser Anja , Kögler Gesine , Schrader Jürgen
Published: January 2013

Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood represent an attractive cell source to reconstitute the damaged heart. We have analyzed the cardiomyogenic potential and investigated the fate of USSCs after transplantation into rat heart in vivo. USSCs demonstrated cardiomyogenic differentiation properties characterized by the spontaneously beating activity and the robust expression of cardiac α-actinin and troponin T (cTnT) at protein and mRNA level after cocultivation with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. To study the fate in vivo, eGFP+ USSCs were injected transcoronarily into immunosuppressed rats via a catheter-based technique. Nearly 80% USSCs were retained within the myocardium without altering cardiac hemodynamics. After 7 days, 20% of the transplanted cells survived in the host myocardium and showed elongated morphology with weak expression of cardiac-specific markers, while some eGFP+ USSCs were found to integrate into the vascular wall. After 21 days, only a small fraction of USSCs were found in the myocardium (0.13%); however, the remaining cells clearly exhibited a sarcomeric structure similar to mature cardiomyocytes. Identical results were also obtained in nude rats. In addition, we found some cells stained positively for activated caspase 3 paralleled by the massive infiltration of CD11b+ cells into the myocardium. In summary, USSCs can differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes by cocultivation in vitro. After coronary transplantation in vivo, however, long-term survival of differentiated USSCs was rather low despite a high initial fraction of trapped cells.
An Examination of the Mechanisms by which Neural Precursors Augment Recovery following Spinal Cord Injury: A Key Role for Remyelination
Authors: Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Spano Stefania , Chew Derek , Wang Shelly , Erwin Mark , Chamankhah Mahmood , Forgione Nicole , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: January 2013

The mechanisms by which neural precursor cells (NPCs) enhance functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. Spinal cord injured rats were transplanted with wild-type mouse NPCs, shiverer NPCs unable to produce myelin, dead NPCs, or media. Most animals also received minocycline, cyclosporine, and perilesional infusion of trophins. Motor function was graded according to the BBB scale. H&E/LFB staining was used to assess gray and white matter, cyst, and lesional tissue. Mature oligodendrocytes and ED1+inflammatory cells were quantitated. Confocal and electron microscopy were used to assess the relationship between the transplanted cells and axons. Pharmacotherapy and trophin infusion preserved gray matter, white matter, and oligodendrocytes. Trophin infusion also significantly increased cyst and lesional tissue volume as well as inflammatory infiltrate, and functional recovery was reduced. Animals transplanted with wild-type NPCs showed greatest functional recovery; animals transplanted with shiverer NPCs performed the worst. Wild-type NPCs remyelinated host axons. Shiverer NPCs ensheathed axons but did not produce MBP. These results suggest that remyelination by NPCs is an important contribution to functional recovery following SCI. Shiverer NPCs may prevent remyelination by endogenous cells capable of myelin formation. These findings suggest that remyelination is an important therapeutic target following SCI.
A QUADRATIC B-SPLINE GALERKIN APPROACH FOR SOLVING A COUPLED KDV EQUATION
Authors: Kutluay Selcuk , Ucar Yusuf
Published: January 2013

In this paper, a quadratic B-spline Galerkin finite element approach is applied to one-dimensional coupled KdV equation in order to obtain its numerical solutions. The performance of the method is examined on three test problems. Computed results are compared with the exact results and also other numerical results given in the literature. A Fourier stability analysis of the approach is also done.
Article Commentary: Long-Term Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings: A Bitter Pill to Swallow
Authors: Bangsberg David R , Mills Edward J
Published: January 2013

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is an important predictor of long-term treatment success. Adherence can be differentiated between early adherence challenges, that are about integrating pill-taking into daily life, and long-term adherence, where patients struggle to maintain clinical connections and interrupt clinical care and medication use. In resource-limited settings, treatment interruptions may be more useful predictors of patient outcome than pill-taking alone. Interventions that are aimed at providing support to patients and their individual challenges to prevent interruptions in treatment and care may have a greater impact over time on clinically important outcomes than interventions targeted only at pill-taking behaviours.
Pressions budgétaires à l'hôpital : une étude qualitative du concept de « RAPM » auprès de praticiens hospitaliers
Authors: Georgescu Irène , Naro Gérald
Published: January 2013

Résumé En se basant sur le courant « Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures » (RAPM) cet article a pour objectif de proposer une réflexion sur les effets du contrôle des résultats introduit à l’hôpital public. Ce travail exploratoire, réalisé à partir de 31 entretiens semi-directifs, tente de comprendre la problématique du RAPM ainsi que ses effets sur les attitudes et les comportements des professionnels du secteur hospitalier public. Les résultats révèlent l’existence d’une pression budgétaire qui s’accompagne de conflits de rôle, des résistances et une tendance à la manipulation de données. En soulignant le caractère réducteur des précédents travaux menés dans le champ du RAPM, l’étude propose d’intégrer dans la compréhension du phénomène, les dimensions organisationnelles et institutionnelles de l’hôpital.
Les dimensions de la performance des cabinets d'audit légal – Le point de vue des auditeurs
Authors: Causse Geneviève , Vu Viet Ha Tran
Published: January 2013

Résumé La présente recherche étudie les dimensions de la performance des cabinets d’audit, dans leur mission d’audit légal des comptes, telles que perçues par les auditeurs eux-mêmes. L’outil d’analyse de la performance se présente sous la forme d’un tableau de bord stratégique intégré. La construction de l’échelle de mesure suit la démarche préconisée par Churchill (1979). L’étude met en évidence les dimensions de la performance des cabinets d’audit retenues par les auditeurs français. Les résultats de l’étude font apparaître que parmi les axes d’analyse – Finance, Client, Processus, Capital humain – les dimensions de la performance retenues ont toutes trait aux trois derniers axes. Aucune des dimensions de l’axe Finance n’est validée. Un autre apport de l’étude est le lien établi entre la vision de la performance et la classification des cabinets. Une analyse typologique a permis de répartir les cabinets en quatre groupes : les réputés, les normatifs, les adaptatifs et les passifs.
La conscience dominante. Rapports sociaux de race et subjectivation
Authors: Cervulle Maxime
Published: January 2013

Résumé À partir des travaux britanniques et états-uniens conduits depuis la fin des années 1980 autour de la construction sociale et historique des identités blanches et de leur articulation avec le racisme systémique, cet article propose d’ouvrir quelques pistes de réflexions théoriques relatives à ce que le concept de ‘blanchité’ permet de penser. Il s’agit, en particulier, de saisir les formes et modalités de la conscience des dominants, afin de détisser les trames de subjectivation raciales qui, malgré la contestation scientifique des théories racialistes, semblent perdurer, ainsi que de considérer le racisme en tant que « champ d’action positive », c’est-à-dire générant des sujets. L’enjeu est donc d’appréhender les pratiques de soi par lesquelles se constitue un sujet blanc, afin de saisir les formes de consentement tacite à la domination que manifestent ceux et celles qui en seraient les bénéficiaires.
Subjectivité et connaissance : réflexions sur les épistémologies du ‘point de vue’
Authors: Flores Espínola Artemisa
Published: January 2013

Résumé La reconnaissance du rôle de la subjectivité dans la production de connaissance a suscité nombre de travaux féministes dont l’objet était de repenser les standards de l’objectivité tout en évitant le relativisme radical. Ces travaux relèvent des ‘épistémologies féministes’ qui, quoique recouvrant des approches très hétérogènes, remettent toutes en question une théorie de la connaissance ignorant le contexte du sujet épistémologique. Dans ce cadre, cet article vise à saisir dans quelle mesure les diverses postures épistémologiques du ‘point de vue’ concilient l’engagement politique féministe et certains critères d’objectivité. Il analyse les conditions qui permettent que la subjectivité soit considérée, non comme un obstacle, mais comme une ressource pour la production de la connaissance scientifique.
Les couples transfuges des territoires gitans et la scolarisation de leurs enfants
Authors: Missaoui Lamia
Published: January 2013

Résumé À partir d’une enquête sur la scolarisation des enfants tsiganes, cet article interroge la notion même d’intégration. Une approche socio-anthropologique a permis à l’auteure de mettre en évidence que la déscolarisation est, plus qu’un état, un processus dépendant des interactions entre institutions scolaire et familiale. Dans ce processus, les stratégies des femmes, des mères, tiennent une place centrale, fondée sur des expériences d’interactions multiples qui transforment les institutions elles-mêmes, notamment lorsqu’elles font le choix d’appartenir à des couples mixtes (gitan·e-français·e ou maghrébin·e d’origine), éventuellement transfuges des territoires gitans. La mixité met donc ici en scène des rapports d’altérité à même d’instaurer, tant à l’école que dans la famille, des normativités et des constructions identitaires nouvelles.
Le sens de l'aiguille. Travaux domestiques, genre et citoyenneté (1789-1799)
Authors: Fayolle Caroline
Published: January 2013

Résumé Pendant la Révolution française, l’éducation est conçue comme un instrument pour redéfinir les rôles sociaux attribués aux deux sexes. En prenant l’exemple de la formation des filles aux travaux domestiques de couture, cet article se propose d’interroger les enjeux politiques de la division sexuée des travaux organisée par l’école. Justifiée par la nature, la prise en charge par les femmes des travaux domestiques est considérée comme une condition de possibilité concrète de l’exercice de la citoyenneté par les hommes. Cependant, des révolutionnaires minoritaires, contestant l’importance de l’enseignement de la couture, revendiquent le droit des femmes à s’instruire pour agir dans la Cité.
Les noms de l'humain
Authors: Gandon Jean-Rémy
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les mots que nous employons signent notre appartenance à notre époque. sdf , personnes âgées, personnes en situation de handicap en disent plus sur les logiques sociales à l’origine du choix de ces noms que sur les personnes qu’elles servent à désigner.
La langue, l'éducateur et la psychose
Authors: Lego Gaëlle
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’avancée du libéralisme et de la technoscience produit quelque chose d’inédit dans le lien social aujourd’hui. Des nouveaux termes émergent, plus en vogue avec les signifiants de cette nouvelle modernité : l’homme devient une machine à réparer à l’infini, niant ainsi la castration. La catégorie de l’impossible ne fait plus point de butée, et l’être entend satisfaire ses besoins au travers d’une accumulation d’objets-gadgets. Pourtant, la pratique éducative, la civilisation se soutiennent d’une soustraction de jouissance et d’un rapport à l’altérité. Nous verrons, à partir d’une vignette clinique, comment le « travail à plusieurs » en institution permet de soutenir un acte orienté par une éthique.
Déraisonner
Authors: Vollaire Christiane
Published: January 2013

Résumé La culture du chiffre est le contraire d’une rationalité économique et politique. Ce constat est déterminant pour redonner sa dignité au vocabulaire de la raison, et éviter que le combat contre une culture du profit ne se transforme en combat contre une exigence légitime et vitale de rationalité. Ce qu’il faut dénoncer en économie, c’est précisément l’irrationalité fondamentale d’une logique du profit, comme on peut dénoncer en médecine l’irrationalité fondamentale d’une logique étroitement gestionnaire.
« Chiffrement parlant » ou la déstabilisation d'un dogme
Authors: Castejon Christine
Published: January 2013

Résumé On ne se rend même plus compte que nous confondons langage et communication ou, pour mieux dire, que nous étouffons le premier avec la seconde. Il existe certes une pratique caricaturale de la communication, celle qu’on connaît dans les entreprises, mais la caricature est rendue possible par l’absence d’une perspective sur le langage autre que celle de la théorie pragmatique. Or, si au lieu de se focaliser sur l’efficacité du langage, on l’écoute comme la trace d’une activité au sens du philosophe Humboldt, on peut être surpris des possibles qu’il ouvre.
Lettre aux acteurs
Authors: Maier Anna
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article est celui d’une jeune étudiante qui a travaillé dans un ehpad lors de deux remplacements d’été. Elle parle avec une grande tendresse des vieux et proteste avec vigueur contre la manière dont ils sont traités par manque de personnel, de temps, de réflexion d’équipe. Elle parle des « enjeux humains quotidiens de la structure » et dénonce la façon dont le système y répond au moyen de protocoles, en « stérilisant le langage ».
Langage, langue et parole
Authors: Thiberge Marc
Published: January 2013

Résumé On doit à F. de Saussure d’avoir individualisé langue et parole dans l’étude du langage humain. La langue comme institution sociale ainsi que l’individualisation de la parole ont eu des prolongements importants, notamment avec M. Mauss et C. Lévi-Strauss en anthropologie et avec J. Lacan en psychanalyse et linguistique. Langue et culture ont partie liée au point d’expliquer nombre d’antinomies lorsque les humains ne participent pas du même système d’appartenance linguistique.
Le plus de saveur possible ou le travail social comme littérature
Authors: Ossorguine Marc
Published: January 2013

Résumé Au fil des années et des réformes, les compétences que l’on attend des éducateurs se sont élargies des savoir-faire et des savoir-être vers un savoir-dire. Celui-ci relèverait d’une technicité pointue où les sujets, leur culture, leur histoire, leur style devraient être très discrets, en retrait, voire absents. Nous proposons de ne pas se soumettre à un tel diktat et plutôt de s’attacher à investir l’espace du dire sur un registre plus littéraire que technique, à retrouver la saveur des mots pour restituer avec un peu plus de justesse la complexité des histoires et des situations.
La parentalité à l'épreuve de la responsabilisation juridique
Authors: Haudiquet Agathe , Roekens Nathalie
Published: January 2013

Résumé Avec l’avènement de l’individualisme juridique, on a assisté à celui de la responsabilisation juridique, chacun étant responsable du respect de ses droits. La responsabilité existe depuis que le système juridique est né, mais on constate que son champ continue de s’élargir au fil du temps, sans épargner la sphère familiale. Le droit français n’a cessé de responsabiliser les acteurs de la sphère familiale, y compris l’enfant, leur conférant un ensemble de droits et de devoirs, constituant autant de prétextes à une responsabilisation juridique galopante et symptomatique d’une société reposant sur un système juridique individualiste. Ainsi, la famille (et à travers elle la parentalité) en tant qu’institution, unité, se trouve être « malmenée ». Cela est dû au fait que les relations juridiques qui unissent les membres d’une famille créent des droits et des obligations réciproques, le droit de l’un s’affirmant à travers l’obligation de l’autre, allant parfois jusqu’à générer des situations paradoxales.
De la possession à l'hystérie: conversion médicale dans un hôpital malgache
Authors: Mestre Claire
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le diagnostic d’hystérie est communément utilisé dans une service de médecine à Toamasina (Madagascar), où l’auteur, médecin et anthropologue, a fait une enquête. Cet énoncé, exclusivement hospitalier, l’hystérie, prend souvent le relai de tromba , désignant la possession et ses manifestations. A partir d’une situation clinique et la reconstruction historique du terme médical hystérie, l’auteur analyse comment l’univers incongru de la possession, est remplacé brutalement par le terme hystérie, qui recouvre des représentations péjoratives de la femme. Ainsi, loin d’aider à la compréhension d’un désordre psychologique, il sert à préserver l’identité professionnelle des soignants, mise en difficulté par l’irruption des représentations populaires, dans un contexte global de crise.
Postpartum crisis in migrant families : dealing with cultural differences in situations of special distress
Authors: Pedrina Fernanda
Published: January 2013

Résumé Après avoir quitté le pays d’origine, les migrants doivent s’adapter au nouvel environnement culturel. Certains événements de vie peuvent les confronter à nouveau de manière plus tardive à la question de la différence culturelle, une réactivation temporaire des éléments culturels peut alors être observée. Cet article interroge la question du sens de ces différences culturelles dans ces situations de détresse particulière et leurs implications par la technique psychanalytique. Les exemples cliniques s’appuient sur la crise du post-partum.
La restauración del templo parroquial de San Dionisio (Jerez de la Frontera, España). La inyección como método de reparación de estructuras de fábrica
Authors: Rodríguez-Mayorga E. , Yanes E. , Compán V. , Sáez-Pérez A.
Published: January 2013

La Iglesia de San Dionisio es una de las más importantes desde el punto de vista histórico y patrimonial de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz). Al inicio del siglo XXI, varios pilares de la estructura comenzaron a presentar síntomas de agotamiento a compresión, hecho que condujo al cierre del templo. En 2005 se inició la investigación para identificar las causas del deterioro estructural y establecer una estrategia de reparación adecuada.

El método aplicado para la reparación de la estructura fue la inyección con tubo-manguito. Frente a otros métodos de inyección previamente documentados en fábrica, la inyección con tubo-manguito permite aplicar presiones de inyección significativamente superiores, consiguiendo así una mayor homogeneización y mejora de las propiedades resistentes del material inyectado.

Este artículo aborda la investigación llevada a cabo para caracterizar el origen de los daños, la descripción del procedimiento de reparación de la estructura y la evaluación de su efectividad.
Obtención de modelos de cálculo de sistemas provisionales de protección de borde mediante la técnica de Análisis Modal Operacional
Authors: González M. N. , Cobo A. , Fuente J. V.
Published: January 2013

En este trabajo se han obtenido experimentalmente mediante Análisis Modal Operacional (AMO) los modos de vibración y las frecuencias asociadas de sistemas provisionales de protección de borde (SPPB) fabricados con tablas de madera de pino silvestre y postes de sección tubular de acero. Los mismos sistemas se han evaluado analíticamente, usando un modelo de elementos finitos (MEF). Para el MEF se han obtenido las constantes elásticas de la madera mediante ultrasonidos. Los resultados de la evaluación experimental y analítica concuerdan en los primeros modos de vibración.