bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antioxidants and phytoactives in Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Authors: Jyothi R , Srinivas Murthy K M
Published: September 2024

Colocasia esculenta is a perennial plant of araceae family and possess a large corm having a very large, heart-shaped leaves that are borne on thick stalks. The juvenile leaves of this plant are rich in Vitamins C, B1, B2, Riboflavin and Niacin. The tubers contain amino acids and are rich in starch. This multipurpose perennial plant is used as a traditional medicine that acts as anti-cancer agent, anti-hepatotoxic agent, antimicrobial agent, anti-diabetic agent. This shows the necessity for the study of Colocasia esculenta. In this study, The ethanolic leaves extract of Colocasia esculenta showed the maximum antioxidant activity and phytoactives efficacy, Thus suggesting the sample to be as a potential therapeutic source of various diseases.
Keywords: Colocasia esculenta, Western Ghats, antioxidant, Phytoactives, Therapeutics
Induction of Apoptosis and Antiproliferative Activity of Alangium salviifolium against Non-melanoma and Melanoma Cancer Cells
Authors: Dhruve Preeti , Kale Raosaheb K. , Singh Rana P.
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda is a traditional medicine of system in India which includes plants and plant-based products for treatment and cure of diseases. Alangium salviifolium is an ethnomedicinal plant and has been reported to be useful against skin cancer. In the present study, we used thee concentrations of methanolic bark extract of A. salviifolium (MBEAS) to evaluate its anticancer activity against epidermoid carcinoma A431cells and melanoma B16F10 cells. Assays performed were trypan blue dye exculsion to assess the cytotoxicity, colony formation for cell growth and AO/EtBr staining to check the apoptotic/necrotic effect of A. salviifolium on skin cancer cells. Exposure of cells to A. salviifolium for 24 h and 48 h strongly reduced the cell number of  A431 and B16F10 cells, inhibited the colony formation ability and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The results from the study suggest the antiproliferative activity of A. salviifolium against both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer cells. Overall, it provides the needed scientific validity to its traditional use against skin cancer.
Keywords: Anticancer, ethnomedicine, antiproliferative, non-melanoma, melanoma.
Investigation of Bioactive Compounds of Capsicum Frutescence and Annona Muricata by Chromatographic Techniques
Authors: Maya M R , Ramanaiah Illuri , Venkatakrishna K , Rameshkumar K , Veeramanikandan V , Eyini M , Balaji P
Published: September 2024

Botanicals and herbal preparations for medicinal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, characterization of active ingredients in Capsicum frutescens fruits and Annona muricata L. leaves. Capsicum frutescens used for various problems with digestion including upset for conditions of the heart and blood vessels including poor circulation, excessive blood clotting, high cholesterol, and preventing heart disease. Whereas Annona muricata L. leaves are traditionally used to treat diabetes. People have been consuming raw leaves of Annona muricata L. to control blood glucose levels. The present investigation was designed to study the phytochemical profiling and bioactive component principles of Capsicum frutescens and Annona muricata by Thin layer Chromatography. Bio autography agar overlay test was done to detect the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. The results of this study confirmed the presence of various bioactive compounds in the acetone and methanol extracts of both the plants. The chromatographic analysis revealed that Capsicum frutescens fruit extract and Annona muricata leaf extract are composed of various Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, and Phenolics which are accountable for many biological activities. Bio autography assays shows that Capsicum frutescens shows growth inhibition against bacteria, but Annona muricata does not shown any significant activity. The findings of present study implies that both extracts are potent source for some medicinally important phytochemicals with antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Keywords: Phytochemicals; Thin Layer Chromatography; Bio autography.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Alogliptin and Metformin HCl Drug from Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Andhale Atul R. , Godage R.K. , Dighe A.S.
Published: September 2024

The objective of the current study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise and rapid RP-HPLC method with subsequently validate as per ICH guidelines for the determination of Alogliptin benzoate  and Metformin hydrochloride  using mobile phase [mixture of Phosphate buffer- pH-3.6 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35] as the solvent. The proposed method involves the measurement of Retention time at selected analytical wavelength. 235.0 nm was selected as the analytical wavelength. The retention time of ALO and MET was found to be 5.055 and 2.838 respectively. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 1-5 μg/ml (r = 0.9998) for ALO and 10-50μg/ml (r = 0.9999) for MET respectively. The method was statistically validated for its linearity, accuracy and precision. Both inter-day and intra-day variation was found to be showing less % RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) value indicating high grade of precision of the method.
Keywords: RP-HPLC METHOD, Alogliptin benzoate, Metformin hydrocholiride, Validation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Herbal Face Wash Gel
Authors: Yadav Samiksha , Gupta Mansi
Published: September 2024

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous unit, which involves increased sebum production by sebaceous glands and abnormal desquamation of hair follicles occur in response to increasing androgen levels with the onset of puberty. Obstruction of follicles causes follicular distention which is often accompanied by the proliferation of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and the activation of an inflammatory response. The present work aimed to prepare the face wash gel containing Thai herbal extract.The plants have been reported in the literature having good anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Prepared formulation was evaluated for various parameters like colour, appearance, consistency, pH, viscosity, stability studies and consumer acceptance test. Results showed that the gels were non-irritant, stable and posses anti-acne activity. The efficacy when tested with a standard was almost same to that of polyherbal gel. Concluded that from this study, extract was proved to be stable and considered as an effective herbal formulation for acne treatment.
Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Anti-acne activity, Anti-microbial, Inflammatory response.
Analytical Techniques in Pharmaceutical Analysis for Samples Separation, Characterization, Determination and its Handling
Authors: MODEBRLU UKAMAKA , BABY BENY
Published: September 2024

Separations are key aspects of many modern analytical methods. Real world samples contain many analytes. Many analytical methods do not offer sufficient selectivity to be able to speciate all the analytes that might be present. Separation isolates analytes. Most separation methods involve separation of the analytes into distinct chemical species, followed by detection. Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation. The development of the pharmaceuticals brought a revolution in human health. These pharmaceutical would serve their intended only if they are free from impurities and administered in appropriate amount. To make drugs serve their purpose various chemical and instrumentation method were developed at regular intervals which are involved in the estimation of drugs. For this analytical instrumentation and methods plays an important role. This review highlights the role of the analytical instrumentation and analytical method in assessing the quality of the drug. The review highlights variety of analytical techniques such as chromatographic, spectroscopic, electrophoretic, titrimetric, microscopic and electrochemical and their corresponding methods that has been applied in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Quality of pharmaceutical product largely depends upon the environment controls during its storage and handling. Each pharmaceutical product should be handled and stored under specified storage condition labelled on product information data sheet or product pack. Ion chromatography was based on the use of a low-capacity anion exchange separator column used with a basic eluent and a suppressor column. IC is a part of high-performance liquid chromatography used to separate and determine anions and cations.
Keywords: Analytical techniques, Sample separation, Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Electrochemical method, Microscopically method, Sample handling, Sample determination Electrophoresis.
Design and Development of a Microwave Generated Lactose Monohydrate - Microcrystalline Cellulose Based Multifunctional Excipient Composites for Tablet Formulation using Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Kushare Sachin Shivaji , Gattani S. G.
Published: September 2024

The concept of co-processing as a particle engineering technique continues to be used as a tool to enhance the functionality of several existing excipients. This important research was designed to improve the functionality of lactose monohydrate as excipient for direct compression by co-processing with microcrystalline cellulose. Microwave induced diffusion technique was first utilized for manufacturing Co processed lactose monohydrate (LM) - microcrystalline cellulose (MC) composites. The objective of the research was to obtain synergistic effects, incorporating better tablet adherence and hardness capacity. Box-Behnken experimental design was worked out to optimize the proportion of the primary excipients for the co-processed excipient. Fifteen experiments were carried out to assess the effect of primary excipients and mixing time required to prepare a slurry for microwaving treatment on percent fines, angle of repose, Carr’s index, friability, tensile strength, disintegration time as responses. The combination of the co-processed excipient that constructed significant characteristics after optimization was observed to be 70 % alpha-Lactose-monohydrate and 30 % microcrystalline cellulose. Consequently, Microcrystalline Cellulose-Lactose composites (MCLM), a co-processed excipient, was developed that offers functionality for direct compression, as a result of given flowability and compactability. Solid-state characterization was performed on optimized composites to ascertain its particle size, shape, distribution, surface morphology, degree of crystallinity, hygroscopicity, compatibility etc. employing proven analytical methods. Powder characteristics were determined by bulk and tapped densities, angle of repose, porosity, lubricant sensitivity ratio, dilution potential etc. The compaction patterns of MCLM were assessed employing Heckel and Kawakita equations and the compressibility, tabletability, compactability (CTC) profile was determined compared to the physical mixture of the native excipients and Cellactose. Tablets were developed by direct compression using paracetamol as the drug of choice. The results imply that microwave generated MCLM composites offers improved properties in comparison with native MC and LM. The current study highlights the concept of microwave drying technique as a cost-effective means for manufacturing multifunctional directly compressible excipient in comparison to the spray-drying technique.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Honey Loaded Microsponges
Authors: Kothai S. , Umamaheswari R
Published: September 2024

Ethylcellulose based microsponges loaded with honey were synthesized by Quasi-Emulsion solvent method. The honey loaded microsponges were characterised by Particle size distribution Analyser and High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy. The percentage drug content and Entrapment Efficiency of the loaded microsponges were determined. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of microsponges were evaluated.
Keywords: Microsponge, Honey, antimicrobial, antioxidant.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Fixed Dose Combination of Metformin with Voglibose Versus Metformin with Pioglitazone in Prediabetics: An Open label, prospective, RCT
Authors: Mubeen Mohd Faheem , Bhosle Deepak
Published: September 2024

Background: ADA has cut-off value for IGT (140-200 mg/dL) but has a lower cut-off value for IFG (100-125 mg/dL) and has additional hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) based criteria of a level of 5.7% to 6.4% for the definition of prediabetes. Due to progressive nature of prediabetes, dual drug therapy produces additive effects, allows the use of submaximal doses, and less side effects of individual agents. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of voglibose in comparison to pioglitazone on glycemic control as an add-on drug in prediabetes patients whose glycemic status was uncontrolled with metformin alone.
Methods: The present study was open, randomized, parallel group comparison of two active treatment groups over a period of six months. Sixty-seven patients of either sex in the age group of 30-60 years, suffering from prediabetes, with FBG: 100-125 mg/dl and PPBG:140-200 mg/dl as per ADA were selected at randomly. The effect of FDC of Voglibose with Metformin and Pioglitazone with Metformin were observed on various parameters of Glycemic Triad (FBG, PPBG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and Serum Insulin).
Results: At the end of 6 months it was observed that though both FDC of Voglibose with Metformin and Pioglitazone with Metformin reduced Glycaemia Statistically significantly but Pioglitazone with Metformin caused a significantly greater percentage change in Glycaemia as compared with Voglibose with Metformin. Few side effects were observed with Voglibose but not with Pioglitazone.
Conclusions: Though Voglibose with Metformin and Pioglitazone with Metformin were equally effective in lowering Glycemia yet Pioglitazone with Metformin showed better results in improving glycaemia, as compared to Voglibose with Metformin. Pioglitazone with Metformin had minimal side effects as compared to Voglibose with Metformin.
Keywords: Voglibose, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Prediabetes, Glycemia
Effect of Different Extraction Conditions on Total Alkaloids, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content of Vigna mungo L hepper
Authors: Dhumal Jeevan Suresh , Chaudhari Sanjay R , Chavan Macchindra J
Published: September 2024

Vigna mungo L Hepper is an important pulse crop cultivated in India. It is rich source of many nutritional compounds and it is an integral part of diet. Bioactive compounds like phenolic, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins etc. are present in the seeds. Objective is to determine the content of bioactive compounds present in the black gram seeds and to study effect of sample pretreatment, fractionation on total alkaloid, total phenolic and total flavonoids content. Three types of extracts were prepared by using ethanol as a solvent by using Soxhlet extractor. First Ethanolic extract (EE), second extract prepared from pretreated seeds with an acid (EEH) and third fraction from ethanolic extract (EF) were prepared. Total alkaloid content were determined spectrophometrically by using Bromocresol green using Atropine as a standard. Total phenolic content was estimated spectrophometrically by using Gallic acid as a standard. Quercetin was used as a standard for estimation of total flavonoids content. The total phenolic content of the EE, EF and EEH extract, was 20.0 ± 5.28, 21.03±5.04 and 17.8±5.77 Gallic acid equivalents/g respectively. The total flavonoid content of EE, EF and EEH extract was 166.7± 3.66, 304.2 ±3.48 and 112.5± 3.95 quercetin equivalents/g. The total alkaloid content of EE, EF and EEH extract, was 121.9±3.77, 154.8±3.60 and 202.1±3.49 Atropine equivalents/g. various treatments have effect on extraction of bioactive compounds. Extract from pretreated seeds with acid improved extraction of alkaloids. Fractionation of extract yield higher content of flavonoids and phenolic content than normal ethanolic extract. Hydrolysis of extract results in decreased concentration of flavonoids and phenolic.
Keywords: Alkaloid, Bioactive, Flavonoids, Phenolic, Vigna mungo
A Review on Agnikarma an Unique Therapeutic Approach W.S.R. to Plantar Fascia
Authors: Oza Bharat Kailash
Published: September 2024

Plantar fasciitis is a painful condition associated with injury or trauma in heel. The plantar fasciitis sometimes observed as consequences of other conditions like; calcaneal knob, bursitis, orteomyelitis and bony spur. It is characterized as bony outgrowth on the heel that results painful heel, it may occur due to the deposition of calcium on heel bone, strain on ligaments, strain on foot muscle, plantar fascia stretching and tearing of heel bone membrane. Ayurveda correlates chronic plantar fasciitis with Vatakantaka as Snaya Asthi Sandhi Aashrita. Ayurveda mentioned involvement of Asthisanyugata vata in such type of painful conditions. The management of such condition requires use of medicine along with para surgical and surgical procedures. Surgical treatment and excision of calcaneal spur may suffer some disadvantages like; pain, wound scar and incomplete relief. Therefore some other therapeutic modalities of Ayurveda can be used for the management of plantar fasciitis. Agnikarma involves use of heat on particular body part to reduce inflammation and pain. Present article described role of Agnikarma in the management of plantar fasciitis.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Plantar Fasciitis, Vatakantaka, Painful Heel, Agnikarma.
Nanoparticulates of Fenofibrate for Solubility Enhancement: Ex-Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Madgulkar Ashwini , Bhalekar Mangesh , Khabiya Prachi Nitin
Published: September 2024

The aim of present research work was to formulate and evaluate nanosuspension of fenofibrate which is categorized as BCS class II agent. With an intention to increase solubility and dissolution rate of fenofibrate nanosuspension were prepared by high pressure homogenization method, a top down technique. Using poloxamer 188 and Tween 80 as a stabilizer. Formulation scheme was developed by Box Behnken Design. Formulation factor which affect the particle size includes Concentration of surfactant and processing parameters includes Homogenization pressure and Homogenization cycles. In this study practically water insoluble fenofibrate was nanosized and surfactant was added for their stabilizing effect. In vitro dissolution study showed that the increase in the release rate of fenofibrate from nanoparticles as compared to pure drug. Scanning electron microscopy study showed that the spherical morphology of nanoparticles. Particle size distribution, zeta potential, crystal form of formulated nanosuspension were studied by using particle size analyzer, and X-ray powder diffraction, Ex-vivo study for calculating absorption rate. The result showed that the drug dissolution rate in nanosuspension formulation is depends upon the crystal form, solubility, procedure involved, and stabilizer used.
Keywords: Solubility, Dissolution, high pressure homogenization, lyophilization, nanosuspension.
ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF STARCH GLUTAMATE - A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Mudili Sahithi
Published: September 2024

Starch glutamate was a novel superdisintegrant which was synthesized from the native potato starch and glutamic acid by esterification process. The prepared starch glutamate toxicity was evaluated by performing acute and sub-acute toxicity studies on the Wister rats and Swiss albino mice. Acute toxicity studies were conducted on the Swiss albino mice by dividing them randomly into 10 groups (6 rats in each group) and treated with starch glutamate up to the concentration of 2000mg/Kg body weight, and then they were closely observed for 12 hrs for any toxic symptoms. Sub –acute toxicity studies were performed on the Wister rats by dividing them into 5 groups (6 rats in each group) and treating them with starch glutamate up to the concentration of 2000mg/Kg body weight once daily for 28 days and on 29th day animals were sacrificed and blood samples were analysed for change in haematological parameters and biochemical parameters. The prepared starch glutamate was safe up to the concentration of 2000mg/Kg body weight and it did not exhibit any change in the haematological parameters and bio-chemical parameters.
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON GENE THERAPY
Authors: Akki Rajesh
Published: September 2024

Advances in biotechnology have brought gene therapy to the forefront of medical research. Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient. One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells. Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors. Two main approaches emerged: in vivo modification and ex vivo modification. Retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus are suitable for gene therapeutic approaches which are based on permanent expression of the therapeutic gene. Non-viral vectors are far less efficient than viral vectors, but they have advantages due to their low immunogenicity and their large capacity for therapeutic DNA. Gene transfer protocols have been approved for human use in inherited diseases, cancers and acquired disorders.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF VEGETABLE OIL BASED EMULGEL OF FLUCONAZOLE
Authors: Nailwal Disha , Chopra Himansu , Shrivastav Alankar , Ahmad Yusra
Published: September 2024

Aim: The aim of the study was to prepare an emulgel formulation of fluconazole using vegetable oil (sesame oil) and compare with liquid paraffin Fluconazole emulgel. Emulgel has emerged as a promising drug delivery system for delivery of hydrophobic drug. Fluconazole is an anti- fungal medication use for a number of fungal infections it belong to a group of medicine called azole antibiotics. The edible oil is used as it has no side effects.
Method: The oil phase of emulsion was prepared by dissolving span 20 in light liquid paraffin and vegetable oil & drug. The aqeous phase is prepared by dissolving tween 80 in purified water. Methyl & Propyl gel phase was prepared by dispersing carbopol 940 in purified water & both phases are mixed with continuous stirring. The pH is adjusted using TEA (tri-ethanol-amine).
Results: The prepared emulgel was also evaluated for their physical properties, pH, drug content, viscosity, spreadability and swelling index. The pH of formulation with liquid paraffin & vegetable oil. The pH of  formulation with liquid paraffin & edible oil pH  in range 5 to 7.0 and the viscosity of both emulgel are almost same in range of 1134-2000 centipoises.  
Conclusion: It was concluded that vegetable oil based emulgel are stable and effective and can be used instead of liquid paraffin based emulgel.
Keywords: Emulgel, Hydrophobic drug, Vegetable oil, Fluconazole, Topical drug delivery.
Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablets of Naproxen Sodium 250 Mg
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Razi , Singh Sumer , Quazi Majaz , ANSARI YAASIR AHMED , Jameel Abbas
Published: September 2024

Among the different type of route of administration oral route for drug administration is most common route in which Orodispersible tablet is preferred for the patient which are unconscious, week or for immediate control. The tablet gets dispersed in mouth cavity without water, present study deals with formulation of Naproxen sodium mouth dissolving tablets using super disintegrants. Naproxen sodium is analgesic and NSAID, used for the treatment of pain and inflammation caused by different condition such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and menstrual cramps. However gastric discomfort caused by naproxen sodium result in poor patient compliance associated with it conventional doses form but now days Naproxen sodium MDTs produces rapid onset of action and minimise gastric discomfort associated with it. Thus improves patient compliance, enhance bioavailability and reduces the dose of drug. MDTs are formulated by direct compression method using super disintegrants in different proportion. The powder blend is subjected to pre-compression evaluation parameters like bulk density, true density, and tapped density and angle of repose. Formulations are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption time, disintegration time. And in vitro dissolution studies and all formulations complies Pharmacopoeias standards. The tablets are evaluated and result compared for all five formulation the most efficacious super disintegrants for MTDs of Naproxen sodium as suggested by the dispersion time, disintegration time and drug dissolution profiles.
Scientific Coformer Screening, Preparation and Evaluation of Fenofibrate Tartaric Acid Cocrystal
Authors: Bhalekar Mangesh , Pradhan Sumedh Bandu
Published: September 2024

Objective: This present study aims to screen pharmaceutical cocrystal of Fenofibrate and coformers. Further the preparation and evaluation of  fenofibrate-coformer cocrystal and In-Vitro drug release and Ex-Vivo Permeation study was done. Material and Methods: The coformers for Fenofibrate were screened using molecular docking. The cocrystals produced were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRPD) study and Infrared spectroscopy. Results: Cocrystal of Fenofibrate with tartaric acid was successfully prepared. The cocrystals displayed enhanced dissolution rate by 2.36 fold, similarly the ex-vivo drug uptake through everted chicken intestine model was improved by 4.38 fold. The formation of cocrystals of fenofibrate with tartaric acid was evaluated by DSC, IR and XRPD.
Conclusion: The fenofibrate - tartaric acid cocrystal exhibited increased % drug release and permeation compared to fenofibrate. This study confirms that selection of proper coformer is very vital step in preparation of stable, superior cocrystal. Based upon above study and results it revealed that cocrystallization offers a valuable way to improve the physicochemical properties of the API.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Cocrystal, Fenofibrate , Coformer, Molecular docking.
Formulation of Coffee Bean Extract (Chlorogenic Acid) Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Lymphatic Uptake on Oral Administration
Authors: Raskar Vishal , Bhalekar Mangesh R
Published: September 2024

Coffee bean extract (Chlorogenic Acid), Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drug (DMARD) agent in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis is believed to inhibit the production of TNF-α by blocking the cell associated conversion of TNF Precursor to mature proteins this, halting the proliferation of synovitis.CGA inhibit the proliferation of the fibroblast‑like synoviocyte cell line (RSC‑364), stimulated by interleukin (IL)‑6, through inducing apoptosis. CGA inhibit the inflammatory proliferation of RSC‑364 cells mediated by IL‑6 through inducing apoptosis. CGA was also able to suppress the expression levels of key molecules in the JAK/STAT and NF‑κB signaling pathways, and inhibit the activation of these signaling pathways in the inflammatory response through IL‑6‑mediated signaling, thereby resulting in the inhibition of the inflamma­tory proliferation of synoviocytes. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate coffee bean extract (chlorogenic acid) solid lipid nanoparticles using a positive charge on it by means of enabling lymphatic uptake. Coffee bean extract (chlorogenic acid) solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by melt emulsification-high pressure homogenization method and the particle size, PDI and % entrapment efficiency was found to be 210nm, 0.455 and 91.18% .ex vivo endocytic uptake studies revealed engrossment of endocytic pathways in the uptake of solid lipid nanoparticles from intestine.
Keywords: Coffee bean extract (Chlorogenic Acid), Glyceryl monostearate, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Lymphatic Uptake
OCULAR INSERTS - A NOVEL APPROACH IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Khan Ahmar , Raza Syed Naiem , Itoo Asif , Bashir Sirjohn , Wani Taha Umair , Khan Nisar Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Among the ocular dosage forms, the physiological and anatomical constraints put forth by the eye is a significant challenge to the pharmaceutical scientists and researchers to target drugs to the posterior segment of the eye, prolong their contact time with the ocular surface and sustained release. Hence novel drug delivery strategies and formulations are to be developed and explored which will overcome the ocular constraints and provide better patient compliance. At present, various novel and controlled drug delivery systems are being developed in order to attain better ocular bioavailability, sustained action of ocular drugs as well as good patient compliance. Ocular insert is an example of such delivery system. These are sterile preparations, with a thin, multilayered, drug-impregnated, solid or semisolid consistency devices placed into cul-de-sac or conjunctiva sac of the eye. Ocular inserts are an alternative approach to overcome the problems associated with conventional ocular dosage forms like solutions, suspensions, ointments, etc. The article hereunder gives a detailed idea about the classification, mechanism of action, formulation, pros and cons; evaluation and future trends of ocular inserts.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF MARKHAMIA LUTEA (BENTH.) K.SCHUM
Authors: Aher Nitin Balkrishna , Chudhari Sanjay R , Chvan Machindra J
Published: September 2024

Markhamia lutea (Benth.).K.Schum synonym Dolichondron lutea is belonging to family BIGNONIACEAE. Plant is commonly known as Bell Bean Tree, Nile Tulip Tree, Siala. Markhamia lutea native to Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa, Namibia and India. It is found in bushveld, in riverine fringes, and many times on rocky ridges and on slopes of hill. It is also planted as ornamental plant in Gardens. It is an upright evergreen tree which grows upto  10-16 m high. Traditionally the root barks are used in the treatment of anemia, diarrhea and backache. Marhamia lutea is reported for potential antimicrobial activity, Anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-viral, and anti-fungal activity. The present study reveals the pharmacognostic account and Phytochemical investigations of Markhamia lutea (BENTH.) K.SCHUM
 
KEYWORDS: Markhamia lutea,Morphology,Microscopy,Terpenoids,Glycosides,Favonoids
PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA HUMIFUSA
Authors: GOMASE PRAVIN VASANTRAO , Pawar Sunil P , Khan G. J , Shaikh Jishan
Published: September 2024

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used to curing of various diseases. The aim of the study to Pharmacognostic, Preliminary phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of Euphorbia humifusa were carried out. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts or the bioactive constituents, qualitative phytochemical analysis of these plants confirm the presence of various phytochemical like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, Protein, Amino acid, Carbohydrate, phytosterols. The result suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and possess potential antioxidant and reads to the isolation of new and novel compounds.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Aphanamixis polystachya Leaves on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Tiwari Pankaj , Loksh Kavita R , Yadav Reetesh
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Wistar rats in each were divided into six groups and these animals were used for the study. In our study methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves was screened for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The anti-diabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight and various biochemical parameters like serum total cholesterol level (TC), triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase (SGPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), respectively. The methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves signiﬁcantly (P<0.05) and dose-dependently prevented STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antioxidant property of plant phenolic and flavonoid contents present in methanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya leaves might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity.
Keywords: Aphanamixis polystachya leaves; diabetes; streptozotocin
Mini revisión del síndrome de mal ajuste neonatal en equinos
Authors: Moreno Carrillo Paula Juliana , Vargas Barrera Brayan Farid , Molina Ramos Carmen Leonide
Published: September 2024

El síndrome de mal ajuste neonatal, también llamado encefalopatía neonatal, asfixia perinatal, encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica y síndrome del “potro tonto”, se presenta en potros que padecen hipoxia, así como en los que se sospecha que experimentan una transición alterada de la vida intrauterina a la extrauterina. Sin embargo, se argumenta que se desconoce la etiología ya que puede tener múltiples orígenes. Los síntomas más observados incluyen convulsiones, ceguera, vocalizaciones, deambulación, contracciones tónico-clónicas y pérdida del reflejo de succión, así como se describe en otros casos falla en la termorregulación y alteraciones de otros sistemas de órganos corporales, como disminución de la motilidad del tracto gastrointestinal. En cuanto a su fisiopatología, esta se deriva de dos momentos, el primero por un proceso de isquemia cerebral aguda y déficit de energía y oxígeno; el segundo, por un proceso de desequilibrios metabólicos, neurotransmisores y factores endocrinos donde los efectos inhibidores de neuroesteroides (adenosina, alopregnanolona, pregnolona y prostaglandina D2) siguen presentes posterior al nacimiento y se cree que son parcialmente los responsables de la alteración de conciencia. Los tratamientos están enfocados en controlar los signos clínicos del neonato, donde se recomienda de forma preventiva realizar un control de la gestación en yeguas y acompañamiento del parto.
Woman Abuse in Sports-Related Contexts: The Social Scientific Knowledge
Authors:   West Virginia University, USA, DeKeseredy Walter
Published: September 2024

There was a vibrant surge in the 1980s and 1990s of social scientific work on men’s abuse of women in sports-related contexts, but this wave receded over the past two decades and eventually disappeared. Recently, however, an international cadre of scholars has revisited the off- and online victimization of women in these settings. The main objective of this paper is to examine what the extant scholarly literature tells and does not tell us about this social problem.
A Case Report on the Effectiveness of Plant Based Weight Loss Support Supplement for Weight Management
Authors: Pandya Dr. Shridhar , Savaliya Dr. Chetan , Lokhande Dr. Megha , Nagore Dr. Dheeraj
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Obesity is a common health problem and it is increasing around the world. Herbal medicines are the mostly used alternative treatment for weight reduction. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of weight loss support for the treatment of obesity. Case Presentation: A total of 44 cases were analyzed over a 30-day treatment period. Participants received one tablet of the weight loss support product twice daily. The study assessed changes in body weight, inch loss, and constipation. Participants were provided with dietary counseling and encouraged to exercise daily. Co- morbidities, concomitant medications, and adverse events were monitored throughout the study period. Result and Discussion: The treatment resulted in significant weight reduction, with a mean 1.55 kg decrease after 15 days and a 2.84 kg decrease after 30 days (p<0.001). Notably, there was a 90% reduction in subjects experiencing constipation by day 30, indicating improved digestive health. Furthermore, 43.18% subjects experienced an inch loss >1 inch, while 56.81% had an inch loss of ≤1 inch. The product was well-tolerated, with no adverse events reported. Conclusion: This case study suggests that GPlife Healthcare's natural plant-based weight loss support product may be effective in supporting weight management. The herbal supplements should be used as part of a comprehensive weight management strategy that includes proper diet and exercise. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer durations is needed to confirm these findings and establish the long-term safety and efficacy of the product.
Forecasting Oil Production of Well 159-F-14H in the Volve Field Using Machine Learning Model
Authors: Rhamadhani Devy Ayu , Saputri Eriska Eklezia Dwi , Sari Riska Laksmita
Published: September 2024

Petroleum engineers require information about the production performance of a well in order to know when the well is no longer feasible to produce. By using the approachment technique of machine learning, the research was conducted using a tree-based regression model, Random Forest Regressor, Extra Trees Regressor, and Gradient Boosting Regressor. This research was done by predicting the production of an existing well in the Volve field, namely well 159-F-14H using its field data; average downhole pressure, average downhole temperature, average wellhead temperature, average wellhead pressure, on-stream hours, average choke size percentage, gas volume from well, water volume from well. The data used is 1093 days and 70% is used for training and as much as 30% for testing. A comparative study was carried out on the predictive performance of the three models. Random Forest shows the best testing result as well as RMSE 5.134 and R2 0.974, followed by Gradient Boosting shows RMSE 5.927 and R2 0.965, and Extra Trees shows RMSE 6.524 and R2 0,958.
The Use of Satellite Imagery Data for Poverty Clustering at the District Level Administration in Indonesia
Authors: Khamila Azzahra Dhisa , Wardani Martha Budi , Kurniawan Robert
Published: September 2024

Poverty is a problem that will never be separated from every country, including Indonesia. One of the efforts that can be taken to reduce poverty is to carry out comprehensive monitoring of data related to poverty. The use of satellite imagery strongly supports this effort. Data taken to describe poverty in a region are CO, SO2, NO2, Night Time Light (NTL), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), also per capita expenditure data that can be accessed through the BPS website. Based on the theory, all of these variables negatively affect the poverty of a region except for the NDVI variable. The use of clustering with K-Means method can be implemented in this situation in order to cluster poverty in every district in Indonesia. Then it is supported by a descriptive analysis of each variable in order to describe the distribution of variables in each district in Indonesia. Based on the clustering results, it can be seen that there are 2 clusters, namely cluster 1 which shows a cluster with low poverty and cluster 2 with high poverty. There are a total of 46 districts included in cluster 1, which constitute the majority of economic centers in it's region, and 468 other districts included in cluster 2. The results of this clustering are expected to be used by stakeholders in making decisions according to the characteristics of the district.
Early Prediction of Stroke Disease Diagnosis Patients Using Data Mining Algorithm Comparison
Authors: Subarkah Pungkas , Damayanti Wenti Risma , Sabaniyah Arbangi Puput
Published: September 2024

Stroke constitutes a medical emergency of paramount significance, characterized by a notably elevated mortality rate, and stands as the foremost cause of mortality within hospital settings. The dataset employed for this analysis is sourced from Kaggle, denoted as the Brain Stroke Dataset, encompassing a total of 4981 records. This research aims to carry out early prediction of stroke sufferers using several algorithms including the ANN algorithm, CART, KNN, and the NBC algorithm. The results obtained in the ANN algorithm obtained an accuracy of 93.53%, in the CART algorithm of 95.02%, in the KNN algorithm of 91.09% and in the NBC algorithm of 88.44%. With the outcomes of this research, the use of the cart set of rules may be used for early evaluation of stroke sufferers because it has a good degree of accuracy and is listed inside the excellent type kind
Implementation of Data Mining for Predicting Student Graduation Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm at Jambi Muhammadiyah University
Authors: Amandha Shandy , Rohayani Hetty , Kurniawansyah Kevin
Published: September 2024

Graduation is one of the assessment items in the accreditation process of a tertiary institution. So that if students graduate on time, it will help assess the accreditation of a tertiary institution. The method used is K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). This method is used to classify objects based on learning data closest to the object. This research aims to predict the graduation of Jambi Muhammadiyah University students, whether it is worth graduating on time or not graduating on time. In research using K-NN to predict student graduation, the results were that the K-NN approach in this study produced an accuracy value of 93.33%. The result is testing with a value of K = 5 using 50 training data for Jambi Muhammadiyah University students who have graduated in 2022; then data testing is tested with training data that has been tested before, 4 students who graduated not on time and who graduated on time were 46 students.
Improving K-Means Clustering Accuracy for Academic Success Investigation With Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm
Authors: Darmayanti Irma , Adhimah Laily Farkhah , Sadewo Rizki , Hidayati Nurul , Subarkah Pungkas
Published: September 2024

Human Resources (HR) has a very important role in the development of the nation, so to improve the quality of human resources, education is needed. Education has a role in developing science, disseminating, socializing, and applying it. So that education is one of the important factors in advancing a nation. However, there are still many challenges in achieving quality education, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, such as parental education level, socioeconomic status, and environmental conditions can also affect the quality of education and students' opportunities for academic success. The research methods used in this research are problem identification, data collection, data analysis, and evaluation. The results in this study are an increase in accuracy of 38.55% from the difference in the K-Means accuracy value of 14% resulting from the David Bounded Index and the use of the extreme gradient adaboost algorithm.
Uncovering Malware Families Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
Authors: Sumargo Ruly , Santoso Handri
Published: September 2024

Malware attacks pose significant cyber threats, with a rising number of vulnerability reports in security communities due to the continual introduction of mutations by malware programmers to evade detection. One of the most attractive targets which attacked by malware is the organization emails system. Malware’s mutations within the malware family, has complicating the development of effective machine learning-based malware analysis and classification methods. To answer this challenge, this research uses an agnostic deep learning solution inspired by ImageNet's success, which efficiently classifies malware into families by analyzing visual representations of malicious software as greyscale images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The Malwizard is a flexible Python tool suitable for both organizations and end-users enabling automated and rapid malware analysis within email system. Malwizard could be use as an Outlook Email’s add-in and an API service for SOAR platforms. The study evaluates this novel approach using the Microsoft Classification Challenge dataset, where image representations are encrypted to address privacy concerns. Experimental results show that the proposed approach performs comparably to the best existing model on plain text data, accomplishing the task in one-third of the time. For the encrypted dataset, adjustments to classical techniques are necessary for improved efficiency.
Digital Image Processing to Detect Sumba Woven Fabric Contour Using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and Self Organizing Map
Authors: Mone Bintang Vieshe , Kaesmetan Yampi R , Meo Meliana O.
Published: September 2024

Sumba woven cloth is one of the cultural heritages of the island of Sumba. Based on its manufacture, the classification process for Sumba woven fabrics is based on the identification of colors or motifs. However, the classification process is not an easy process. In addition to the classification process, the wider community also does not get much information about Sumba woven fabrics clearly, therefore digital image processing technology is needed to build a system that can overcome the problems faced. The image of the Sumba woven fabric sample is converted to grayscale and resized, then segmented using Sobel detection. Then extracted using Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). After extraction, it will be classified using a Self Organizing Map (SOM). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the accuracy of the validation test was 80%, and the program was successful.
Predicting Urban Happiness: A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models
Authors: Airlangga Gregorius
Published: September 2024

This study explores the efficacy of various deep learning models in predicting urban happiness scores, a critical indicator of the quality of life in urban environments. Recognizing the complex interplay of factors contributing to urban happiness, we employed a suite of models, including Dense Neural Networks (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Autoencoders, Multi-Layer Perceptron with Dropout (MLP Dropout), and Simple Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), to analyze a comprehensive dataset encompassing environmental quality, socio-economic factors, and urban infrastructure. Our methodology centered on rigorous data preprocessing to ensure integrity and usability, followed by a detailed comparative analysis of model performances based on Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) metrics. The results revealed that the CNN model outperformed others in identifying spatial patterns crucial for urban happiness, indicating its superior capability in processing complex urban data. In contrast, the LSTM model showed less accuracy, suggesting a nuanced understanding of temporal data's role in predicting urban happiness. This research not only sheds light on the potential of deep learning in urban studies but also offers valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers aiming to enhance urban living conditions. Through this comparative analysis, our study contributes to the growing discourse on leveraging advanced data analytics for urban planning and opens avenues for future research into the integration of diverse data sources and model hybridization to refine urban happiness predictions.