bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Thinking, Formation, and Change
Authors: Saiz Carlos , Rivas Silvia F.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose an application of critical thinking (CT) to real-world problems, taking into account personal well-being (PB) and lifelong formation (FO). First, we raise a substantial problem with CT, which is that causal explanation is of little importance in solving everyday problems. If we care about everyday problems, we must treat the identification of causal relationships as a fundamental mechanism and action as a form of solution once the origin of the problem is unequivocally known. Decision-making and problem-solving skills should be the execution of the causal explanations reached. By acting this way, we change reality and achieve our goals, which are none other than those imposed by our PB. However, to achieve changes or results, we must have these fundamental competencies in CT, and these are not innate; we must acquire and develop them, that is, we must train ourselves to have CT competencies according to the demands of today’s world. Finally, in this paper we propose a causal model that seeks to identify and test the causal relationships that exist between the different factors or variables that determine the CT-PB-FO relationship. We present some results on the relevance of causality and how to effectively form and address real-world problems from causality. However, there are still questions to be clarified that need to be investigated in future studies.
The Effect of Weir Opening on Physiochemical Properties in the Geum Estuary of Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Myoung Hoon , Kim Hye Seon , Yang Dongwoo , Ryu Bada , Jang Young-Suk , Kim Young-Il , Park Chae-Un , Park Joo Myun , Do Jong Dae , Kim Haryun
Published: November 2023

Deteriorated river water quality affects estuarine environments due to river and estuary linkages. Thus, river water quality improvement could play a pivotal role in the maintenance of estuarine ecosystem functions. The South Korean administration opened river weirs to restore river ecosystems and announced that this helped restore habitats and improve water quality. Despite these reported positive results in the rivers, little research has been conducted on the effects of weir opening on estuaries linking to rivers. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the Geum Estuary during the initial weir opening (2018) and stabilization (2021) periods. The results indicated that the NO3− inputs from rivers to estuaries decreased from 2018 to 2021 by 19~68%; however, the trends of [NO3−] in estuarine water columns in nearby estuary dams fluctuated between 2018 and 2021. No change in NO3− pollutant sources was observed from 2018 to 2021. Unlike [NO3−], [PO4−] and [SiO2] were higher in 2021; thus, large amounts of previously accumulated PO4− and SiO2 within the weirs might have been released from the river into the estuary. This supply of PO4− could enhance estuarine phytoplankton growth, where PO4− is a limiting factor for primary production due to excessive inputs of NO3− from rivers. Therefore, dredging the accumulated sediment within weirs should be considered prior to opening them to prevent the release of PO4− and SiO2 into estuaries.
Diel Variation in Phytoplankton Biomass Driven by Hydrological Factors at Three Coastal Monitoring Buoy Stations in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Jia Cun , Wang Lei , Zhang Youquan , Lin Meihui , Wan Yan , Zhou Xiwu , Jing Chunsheng , Guo Xiaogang
Published: November 2023

To investigate the diurnal variation in phytoplankton biomass and its regulating factors during the diurnal cycle, we conducted in situ observations in June 2018 at three buoy stations, including Douwei Buoy Station, Minjiang Estuary Buoy Station, and Huangqi Buoy Station on the western side of the Taiwan Strait. The calibration of buoy sensor data, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll, and phycoerythrin, was conducted simultaneously. In addition, water sampling was conducted to measure chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin concentrations at hourly time intervals. The results showed that the 24 h cumulative chlorophyll a concentration order for the buoys was Minjiang Estuary (10.280 μg/L) > Huangqi (7.411 μg/L) > Douwei (4.124 μg/L). The Minjiang Estuary had a lower nighttime biomass proportion than Douwei and Huangqi. The diurnal variation in phytoplankton was jointly regulated by water masses, tides, and light. There were three response patterns, including the “light trumps tidal influences” pattern at Douwei, the “Low-tide, High-biomass” pattern at Minjiang Estuary, and the “High-tide, High-biomass” pattern at Huangqi. The prediction of algal blooms and hypoxia using buoy monitoring needs to be based on seasonal water mass background and tidal influence.
Assessment of the Impact of Nutritional Intervention with the Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v on Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Patients—A Randomized Double-Blind Study Protocol
Authors: Osowiecka Karolina , Skrypnik Damian , Myszkowska-Ryciak Joanna
Published: November 2023

The current treatment for the autoimmune disease of hypothyroidism (AIDH) is based on pharmacotherapy with levothyroxine. A non-pharmacological supplementary element of therapy could be the implementation of an individualized balanced diet and probiotics. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), with its anti-inflammatory effects, may also support the therapy. However, the number of studies on personalized dietary interventions with probiotics in AIDH is limited, and no clear conclusions can be drawn from the results so far. Therefore, this trial will analyze the effect of Lp299v supplementation in conjunction with nutrition education on the quality of life and nutritional status of patients with Hashimoto’s. Methods: This double-blind, 12-week intervention study will include 100 female patients with AIDH. They will be divided into two groups: (1) individual personalized nutrition education + Lp299v and (2) individual personalized nutrition education + placebo. Before and after the education intervention, selected elements in the diet, eating behavior, quality of life, nutritional status (anthropometric parameters, body composition), blood pressure, and anti-TPO (antibodies against thyroid peroxidase) titer will be assessed. Hypothesis: It is expected that this study will provide deeper knowledge on the validity of using proper nutritional principles and Lp299v in AIDH. Specifically, the impact on the subjective assessment of the quality of life, selected elements in the diet, and the state of nutrition and health will be assessed.
Monitoring and Analysis of Land Subsidence in Cangzhou Based on Small Baseline Subsets Interferometric Point Target Analysis Technology
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Zhou Chaofan , Gong Huili , Chen Beibei , Wang Lin
Published: November 2023

Cangzhou is located in the northeast part of the North China Plain; here, groundwater is the main water source for production and living. Due to the serious regional land subsidence caused by long-term overexploitation of groundwater, the monitoring of land subsidence in this area is significant. In this paper, we used the Small Baseline Subsets Interferometric Point Target Analysis (SBAS-IPTA) technique to process the Envisat-ASAR, Radarsat-2, and Sentinel-1A data and obtained the land subsidence of Cangzhou from 2004 to 2020. Additionally, we obtained winter wheat distribution information in Cangzhou using the Pixel Information Expert Engine (PIE-Engine) remote sensing cloud platform. On this basis, we analyzed the relationship between ground water level, winter wheat planting area, and the response of land subsidence according to the land use type and groundwater level monitoring data near the winter wheat growing area. The results show that during 2004–2020, the average annual subsidence rate of many places in Cangzhou was higher than 30 mm/year, and the maximum subsidence rate was 115 mm/year in 2012. From 2004 to 2020, the area of the subsidence funnel showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. In 2020, the subsidence funnel area reached 6.9 × 103 km2. The winter wheat planting area in the urban area showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing, and it accounted for a large proportion in the funnel area. At the same time, we studied the relationship between the land subsidence rate and the water level at different burial depths and the response of winter wheat planting area. The results showed that the change of confined water level had a stronger response with the other two variables.
Stronger Forms of Fuzzy Pre-Separation and Regularity Axioms via Fuzzy Topology
Authors: Saleh Salem , Al-shami Tareq M. , Azzam A. A. , Hosny M.
Published: November 2023

It is common knowledge that fuzzy topology contributes to developing techniques to address real-life applications in various areas like information systems and optimal choices. The building blocks of fuzzy topology are fuzzy open sets, but other extended families of fuzzy open sets, like fuzzy pre-open sets, can contribute to the growth of fuzzy topology. In the present work, we create some classifications of fuzzy topologies which enable us to obtain several desirable features and relationships. At first, we introduce and analyze stronger forms of fuzzy pre-separation and regularity properties in fuzzy topology called fuzzy pre-Ti,i=0,12,1,2,3,4, fuzzy pre-symmetric, and fuzzy pre-Ri,i=0,1,2,3 by utilizing the concepts of fuzzy pre-open sets and quasi-coincident relation. We investigate more novel properties of these classes and uncover their unique characteristics. By presenting a wide array of related theorems and interconnections, we structure a comprehensive framework for understanding these classes and interrelationships with other separation axioms in this setting. Moreover, the relations between these classes and those in some induced topological structures are examined. Additionally, we explore the hereditary and harmonic properties of these classes.
Modeling of Nonlinear Sea Wave Modulation in the Presence of Ice Coverage
Authors: Porubov A. V. , Krivtsov A. M.
Published: November 2023

A model accounting for the influence of ice coverage on the propagation of surface sea waves is suggested. The model includes higher-order linear and nonlinear terms in the equation of wave motion. The asymptotic solution is obtained to account for nonlinear modulated wave propagation and attenuation. Two kinds of attenuation are revealed. The influence of the higher-order nonlinear, dispersion, and dissipative terms on the shape and velocity of the modulated nonlinear wave is studied. Despite the presence of higher-order terms in the original equation, the modulated solitary wave solution contains free parameters, which is important for the possible generation of such waves.
Dynamic Analysis of the EU Countries Sustainability: Methods, Models, and Case Study
Authors: Lyaskovskaya Elena , Khalilova Gulnaz , Grigorieva Kristina
Published: November 2023

The agenda for sustainable development actualizes sustainability analysis of countries’ social, ecological, and economic conditions, as well as the necessity of designing practical recommendations to realize the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Sustainability analysis is a part of decision making and policy development in a broad environmental, economic, and social context. That is why this analysis goes beyond simple technical assessment. In order to make sustainability a target variable in development strategies, it is necessary to use special methods combining mathematical tools and managerial content. The paper systematizes modern mathematical methods for assessing economic sustainability and proposes a methodology for the integrated assessment of the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of countries, which were tested on data from 24 EU countries over 12 periods. The case study results derived from spatial and temporal samples are consistent with the currently observed processes in the EU. The content basis is the UN concept of sustainable development, the instrumental basis is multivariate comparisons, the Mahalanobis distances method, the correlation and regression analysis, analysis of variance, time series analysis, and trends analysis. Composite indices of social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the EU countries, each of them including five indicators, were developed in this study; the levels of social, economic, and environmental sustainability of EU countries were determined, as well as individual instability indicators. Mahalanobis distances and relative and absolute sustainability indicators were calculated and determined. Cluster analysis of the EU countries by levels of social, economic, and environmental instability and Mahalanobis distances, the diagnosis of the current situation and dominant trends were carried out for testing the hypothesis that there are positive relations between the instability of development and Mahalanobis distances. Hypotheses about the relationship between instability and the level of country development, reflected in the values of socio-economic and environmental indicators, and whether countries with good values of social, environmental, and economic indicators are the most sustainable, were investigated.
Effect of Bone Metastasis Cancer Board on Spinal Surgery Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Miyazaki Kunihiko , Kanda Yutaro , Sakai Yoshitada , Yoshikawa Ryo , Yurube Takashi , Takeoka Yoshiki , Hara Hitomi , Akisue Toshihiro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kakutani Kenichiro
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Bone metastasis cancer boards (BMCBs) focusing on the management of bone metastases have been gathering much attention. However, the association of BMCBs with spinal surgery in patients with spinal metastases remains unclear. In this retrospective single-center observational study, we aimed to clarify the effect of a BMCB on spinal metastasis treatment. Materials and Methods: We reviewed consecutive cases of posterior decompression and/or instrumentation surgery for metastatic spinal tumors from 2008 to 2019. The BMCB involved a team of specialists in orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, radiation oncology, radiology, palliative supportive care, oncology, and hematology. We compared demographics, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status (ECOGPS), Barthel index (BI), number of overall versus emergency surgeries, and primary tumors between patients before (2008–2012) and after (2013–2019) BMCB establishment. Results: A total of 226 patients including 33 patients before BMCB started were enrolled; lung cancer was the most common primary tumor. After BMCB establishment, the mean patient age was 5 years older (p = 0.028), the mean operating time was 34 min shorter (p = 0.025), the mean hospital stay was 34.5 days shorter (p < 0.001), and the mean BI before surgery was 12 points higher (p = 0.049) than before. Moreover, the mean number of surgeries per year increased more than fourfold to 27.6 per year (p < 0.01) and emergency surgery rates decreased from 48.5% to 29.0% (p = 0.041). Patients with an unknown primary tumor before surgery decreased from 24.2% to 9.3% (p = 0.033). Postoperative deterioration rates from 1 to 6 months after surgery of ECOGPS and BI after BMCB started were lower than before (p = 0.045 and p = 0.027, respectively). Conclusion: The BMCB decreased the emergency surgery and unknown primary tumor rate despite an increase in the overall number of spinal surgeries. The BMCB also contributed to shorter operation times, shorter hospital stays, and lower postoperative deterioration rates of ECOGPS and BI.
Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc against Periodontal Pathogens: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Griauzdyte Viktorija , Jagelaviciene Egle
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. Materials and methods: A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia (p < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against P. gingivalis was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for S. oralis, 13.36 mm for P. gingivalis, 12.98 mm for S. sanguis, and 14.01 mm for P. intermedia. Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the ragA and ragB genes of P. gingivalis. Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. ZnO inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis within 2 h and the growth of F. nucleatum and P. intermedia within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. Conclusions: The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
HRBUST-LLPED: A Benchmark Dataset for Wearable Low-Light Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Li Tianlin , Sun Guanglu , Yu Linsen , Zhou Kai
Published: November 2023

Detecting pedestrians in low-light conditions is challenging, especially in the context of wearable platforms. Infrared cameras have been employed to enhance detection capabilities, whereas low-light cameras capture the more intricate features of pedestrians. With this in mind, we introduce a low-light pedestrian detection (called HRBUST-LLPED) dataset by capturing pedestrian data on campus using wearable low-light cameras. Most of the data were gathered under starlight-level illumination. Our dataset annotates 32,148 pedestrian instances in 4269 keyframes. The pedestrian density reaches high values with more than seven people per image. We provide four lightweight, low-light pedestrian detection models based on advanced YOLOv5 and YOLOv8. By training the models on public datasets and fine-tuning them on the HRBUST-LLPED dataset, our model obtained 69.90% in terms of AP@0.5:0.95 and 1.6 ms for the inference time. The experiments demonstrate that our research can assist in advancing pedestrian detection research by using low-light cameras in wearable devices.
Temperature-Dependent Electrical Characteristics of Silicon Biristor
Authors: Kim Eunseong , Lim Doohyeok
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigate the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of bistable silicon resistors (biristors) at temperatures ranging from 275 to 400 K. The proposed biristor exhibits low latch voltages owing to the surface accumulation layer transistor concept. Moreover, the biristor was abruptly turned on and off by positive and negative feedback phenomena, respectively. As the temperature increased from 275 to 400 K, the latch-up voltage decreased from 2.131 to 1.696 V, while the latch-down voltage increased from 1.486 to 1.637 V. Mechanisms of temperature-dependent change in latch voltage were analyzed using energy band diagrams. This temperature-dependent analysis on silicon biristor can serve as blueprint for the contribution of stable operation.
In Vitro Efficacy of Isobutyl Cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles against Fish Bacterial Pathogens and Selection Preference by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Ahiable Mawuko G. , Matsunaga Kouki , Hokin Mao , Iida Kazuhiro , Befu Fumiaki , Oshima Syun-Ichirou
Published: November 2023

The upsurge in havoc being wreaked by antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to an urgent need for efficacious alternatives to antibiotics. This study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of two isobutyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles (iBCA-NPs), D6O and NP30, against major bacterial pathogens of fish. In vivo tests on rainbow trout were preceded by in vitro tests of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). NP30 exhibited higher efficacy than D60, but both iBCA-NPs demonstrated dose-dependent and species-specific in vitro antibacterial properties against the bacterial isolates. Generally, Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to the iBCA-NPs. Streptococcus iniae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, and Photobacterium damselae were particularly sensitive to both iBCA-NPs. Administered to rainbow trout at 3571.4 mg (iBCA-NP)/kg feed, the iBCA-NPs produced a relative gain rate and survival rates comparable to the control (p > 0.05). The condition factor and the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices of fish were indifferentiable (p > 0.05) between the iBCA-NP groups and the control. The iBCA-NPs caused no alteration in stress, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, SOD), plasma complement titer, or lysozyme activity. This study presents the first report of antibacterial activity of iBCA-NPs against Gram-negative bacteria. The results of this study suggest that D60 and NP30 may contribute to reducing the amounts of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents used in aquaculture.
Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of E. coli Isolates in Dairy Cattle: A Baseline Study across Dairy Farms with Varied Husbandry Practices in Puerto Rico
Authors: Malavez Yadira , Nieves-Miranda Sharon M. , Loperena Gonzalez Paola N. , Padin-Lopez Adrian F. , Xiaoli Lingzi , Dudley Edward G.
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial treatment in livestock can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms. Despite substantial surveillance of AMR bacteria in the continental United States, the prevalence of these AMR organisms in U.S. territories, such as Puerto Rico, remains understudied. The goals of this research included obtaining baseline data on the antimicrobial profile of E. coli isolates from Puerto Rico dairy farms with different husbandry practices. Seventy-nine fecal samples were collected from two types of conventional dairy farms: those that fed calves with tank milk and those that fed calves with waste milk. These samples were collected from the animals’ rectums, culture, and subsequently confirmed through biochemical tests. Out of these samples, 32 isolates were analyzed phenotypically and genotypically to elucidate their AMR profiles. The results underscore a discrepancy in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes between calves and adult cattle. Notably, waste milk-fed calves exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli when compared to their tank milk-fed counterparts. These disparities emphasize the need for more comprehensive investigations to determine causative factors. These results underscore the urgency of comprehensive strategies to raise awareness about how management practices influence antimicrobial resistance, shifting the focus from treatment to prevention.
Progress in Research on the Bioavailability and Toxicity of Nanoplastics to Freshwater Plankton
Authors: Slaveykova Vera I. , Marelja Matea
Published: November 2023

The present review critically examines the advancements in the past 5 years regarding research on the bioavailability and toxicity of the nanoplastics (NPLs) to freshwater plankton. We discuss the recent progress in the understanding of adsorption, absorption, trophic transfer, and biological effects in phyto- and zooplankton induced by NPLs exposure. The influence of plankton on NPLs’ bioavailability via the excretion of biomolecules and formation of eco-corona is also examined. Despite important research developments, there are still considerable knowledge gaps with respect to NPLs’ bioavailability and trophic transfer by plankton as well as a potential adverse effect in natural aquatic systems. As plankton play a critical role in primary production, nutrient cycling, and food web structure, understanding the interactions between NPLs and plankton is essential in assessing the potential implications of NPLs pollution for aquatic ecosystem biodiversity and services.
Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications
Authors: Liu Zhou , Chen Yifan , Mei Yu , Yan Meiling , Liang Haihai
Published: November 2023

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition triggered by diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead to heart failure (HF). One of the most important cellular processes associated with DCM is the death of cardiomyocytes. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) plays a key role in mediating pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death closely associated with inflammasome activation. Recent studies have revealed that pyroptosis is induced during hyperglycemia, which is crucial to the development of DCM. Although the effects of pyroptosis on DCM have been discussed, the relationship between DCM and GSDMD is not fully clarified. Recent studies gave us the impetus for clarifying the meaning of GSDMD in DCM. The purpose of this review is to summarize new and emerging insights, mainly discussing the structures of GSDMD and the mechanism of pore formation, activation pathways, molecular mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, and the therapeutic potential of GSDMD in DCM. The implications of this review will pave the way for a new therapeutic target in DCM.
Pyrolysis of Solid Recovered Fuel Using Fixed and Fluidized Bed Reactors
Authors: Lee Myeongjong , Ko Hyeongtak , Oh Seacheon
Published: November 2023

Currently, most plastic waste stems from packaging materials, with a large proportion of this waste either discarded by incineration or used to derive fuel. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the use of pyrolysis to chemically recycle non-recyclable (i.e., via mechanical means) plastic waste into petrochemical feedstock. This comparative study compared pyrolysis characteristics of two types of reactors, namely fixed and fluidized bed reactors. Kinetic analysis for pyrolysis of SRF was also performed. Based on the kinetic analysis of the pyrolytic reactions using differential and integral methods applied to the TGA results, it was seen that the activation energy was lower in the initial stage of pyrolysis. This trend can be mainly attributed to the initial decomposition of PP components, which was subsequently followed by the decomposition of PE. From the kinetic analysis, the activation energy corresponding to the rate of pyrolysis reaction conversion was obtained. In conclusion, pyrolysis carried out using the fluidized bed reactor resulted in a more active decomposition of SRF. The relatively superior performance of this reactor can be attributed to the increased mass and heat transfer effects caused by fluidizing gases, which result in greater gas yields. Regarding the characteristics of liquid products generated during pyrolysis, it was seen that the hydrogen content in the liquid products obtained from the fluidized bed reactor decreased, leading to the formation of oils with higher molecular weights and higher C/H ratios, because the pyrolysis of SRF in the fluidized bed reactor progressed more rapidly than that in the fixed bed reactor.
Waste-Wood-Isolated Cellulose-Based Activated Carbon Paper Electrodes with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Jung Jae , Chae Su-Hyeong , Lee Jae Jun , Lee Min Sang , Yoon Wonhyung , Kwac Lee Ku , Kim Hong Gun , Shin Hye Kyoung
Published: November 2023

Waste wood, which has a large amount of cellulose fibers, should be transformed into useful materials for addressing environmental and resource problems. Thus, this study analyzed the application of waste wood as supercapacitor electrode material. First, cellulose fibers were extracted from waste wood and mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in water. Using a facile filtration method, cellulose papers with GnPs were prepared and converted into carbon papers through carbonization and then to porous activated carbon papers containing GnPs (ACP−GnP) through chemical activation processes. For the morphology of ACP−GnP, activated carbon fibers with abundant pores were formed. The increase in the amount of GnPs attached to the fiber surfaces decreased the number of pores. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas and specific capacitance of the ACP−GnP electrodes decreased with an increase in the GnP content. However, the galvanostatic charge–discharge curves of ACPs with higher GnP contents gradually changed into triangular and linear shapes, which are associated with the capacitive performance. For example, ACP with 15 wt% GnP had a low mass transfer resistance and high charge delivery of ions, resulting in the specific capacitance value of 267 Fg−1 owing to micropore and mesopore formation during the activation of carbon paper.
A Novel Nanoporous Adsorbent for Pesticides Obtained from Biogenic Calcium Carbonate Derived from Waste Crab Shells
Authors: Nekvapil Fran , Stegarescu Adina , Lung Ildiko , Hirian Razvan , Cosma Dragoș , Levei Erika , Soran Maria-Loredana
Published: November 2023

A novel nanoporous adsorbent was obtained through the thermal treatment and chemical wash of the wasted crab shells (BC1) and characterized by various techniques. The structure of BC1 at the end of the treatments comprised a mixture of calcite and amorphous CaCO3, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared absorption. The BET surface area, BET pore volume, and pore diameter were 250.33 m2 g−1, 0.4 cm3 g−1, and <70 nm, respectively. The point of zero charge of BC1 was determined to be around pH 9. The prepared adsorbent was tested for its adsorption efficacy towards the neonicotinoid pesticide acetamiprid. The influence of pH (2–10), temperature (20–45 °C), adsorbent dose (0.2–1.2 g L−1), contact time (5–60 min), and initial pesticide concentration (10–60 mg L−1) on the adsorption process of acetamiprid on BC1 was studied. The adsorption capacity of BC1 was 17.8 mg g−1 under optimum conditions (i.e., 20 mg L−1 initial acetamiprid concentration, pH 8, 1 g L−1 adsorbent dose, 25 °C, and 15 min contact time). The equilibrium data obtained from the adsorption experiment fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. We developed an effective nanoporous adsorbent for the recycling of crab shells which can be applied on site with minimal laboratory infrastructure according to local needs.
The Prevalence of Alert Pathogens and Microbial Resistance Mechanisms: A Three-Year Retrospective Study in a General Hospital in Poland
Authors: Tenderenda Anna , Łysakowska Monika Eliza , Gawron-Skarbek Anna
Published: November 2023

The development of antibiotic resistance mechanisms hinders the treatment process. So far, there is limited data on the problem of bacterial resistance in hospitals in Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance mechanisms and alert pathogens based on reports regarding cultures of samples collected from general hospital patients in Poland in the period 2019–2021. This study examined the prevalence of resistance mechanisms and alert pathogens and the structure of microorganisms, including the type of diagnostic material in the hospital department. The frequency of occurrence and the trends were analysed based on Cochran’s Q-test, relative change and the average annual rate of change (AARC). Of all 14,471 cultures, 3875 were positive for bacteria, and 737 were characterised by resistance mechanisms (19.0%). Alert pathogens were identified in 983 cases (24.6%), including pathogens isolated from blood samples. The most commonlyisolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (>20% of positive cultures), Enterococcus faecalis (7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%) increasing over time; Staphylococcus aureus (13%) was also found, but its proportion was decreasing over time. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was the most frequent resistance mechanism in Internal Medicine (IM) (p < 0.001) and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (p < 0.01), as well as in ICU-COVID; this increased over the study period (AARC ↑34.9%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (AARC ↓50.82%) and AmpC beta-lactamase (AARC ↓24.77%) prevalence fell over time. Also, the number of alert pathogens was dominant in the IM (p < 0.01) and ICU (p < 0.001). The most common alert pathogen was ESBL-positive E. coli. Gram-negative rods constitute a significant epidemiological problem in hospitals, especially the growing trend of ESBL in IM and ICU, which calls for increased control of sanitary procedures.
The Development of Lipid-Based Sorafenib Granules to Enhance the Oral Absorption of Sorafenib
Authors: Mans Jaylen C. , Dong Xiaowei
Published: November 2023

Sorafenib (SFN) is an anticancer multi-kinase inhibitor with great therapeutic potential. However, SFN has low aqueous solubility, which limits its oral absorption. Lipids and surfactants have the potential to improve the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. The aim of this study is thus to develop novel lipid-based SFN granules that can improve the oral absorption of SFN. SFN powder was coated with a stable binary lipid mixture and then absorbed on Aeroperl 300 to form dry SFN granules with 10% drug loading. SFN granules were stable at room temperature for at least three months. Compared to SFN powder, SFN granules significantly increased SFN release in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid with pancreatin. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of SFN granules and SFN powder were measured following oral administration to Sprague Dawley rats. SFN granules significantly increased SFN absorption compared to SFN powder. Overall, the lipid-based SFN granules provide a promising approach to enhancing the oral absorption of SFN.
Formulation and Comprehensive Evaluation of Biohybrid Hydrogel Membranes Containing Doxycycline or Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Stan Diana , Ruta Lavinia Liliana , Bocancia-Mateescu Lorena-Andreea , Mirica Andreea-Cristina , Stan Dana , Micutz Marin , Brincoveanu Oana , Enciu Ana-Maria , Codrici Elena , Popescu Ionela Daniela , Popa Maria Linda , Rotaru Flaviana , Tanase Cristiana
Published: November 2023

Complicated wounds often require specialized medical treatments, and hydrogels have emerged as a popular choice for wound dressings in such cases due to their unique properties and the ability to incorporate and release therapeutic agents. Our focus was to develop and characterize a new optimized formula for biohybrid hydrogel membranes, which combine natural and synthetic polymers, bioactive natural compounds, like collagen and hyaluronic acid, and pharmacologically active substances (doxycycline or npAg). Dynamic (oscillatory) rheometry confirmed the strong gel-like properties of the obtained hydrogel membranes. Samples containing low-dose DOXY showed a swelling index of 285.68 ± 6.99%, a degradation rate of 71.6 ± 0.91% at 20 h, and achieved a cumulative drug release of approximately 90% at pH 7.4 and 80% at pH 8.3 within 12 h. The addition of npAg influenced the physical properties of the hydrogel membranes. Furthermore, the samples containing DOXY demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial efficacy against seven selected bacterial strains commonly associated with wound infections and complications. Biocompatibility assessments revealed that the samples exhibited over 80% cell viability. However, the addition of smaller-sized nanoparticles led to decreased cellular viability. The obtained biohybrid hydrogel membranes show favorable properties that render them suitable for application as wound dressings.
Breaking Dormancy and Increasing Restoration Success of Native Penstemon Species Using Gibberellic Acid Seed Coatings and U-Shaped Furrows
Authors: Johnson Amber J. , Geary Bradley , Hulet April , Madsen Matthew D.
Published: November 2023

Many plant species exhibit strong seed dormancy. This attribute benefits the species’ long-term survival but can impede restoration when rapid establishment is required. Soaking seeds in gibberellic acid (GA3) can overcome dormancy and increase germination but this treatment may not be effective outside the laboratory. An easier and potentially more effective method to apply this hormone is to coat seeds with a GA3-impregnated polymer. Seed dormancy can also be mitigated by creating a favorable microsite with increased soil moisture. We compared the emergence and establishment of penstemon seeds coated with GA3 to those of uncoated seeds planted in shallow drill rows versus deep, U-shaped furrows. Overall, 6 times more Palmer’s penstemon (Penstemon palmeri; p < 0.01) and 21 times more thickleaf penstemon (P. pachyphyllus; p < 0.001) established when coated with GA3, but GA3 coating did not affect the establishment of firecracker penstemon (P. eatonii; p = 1). Establishment was higher from deep furrows than shallow rows (p < 0.001). These results indicate that GA3 seed coating and deep, U-shaped furrows may improve the restoration success of some native forbs by breaking dormancy and providing a favorable microsite. Land managers could use these techniques to restore native forbs in dry, disturbed areas.
The Development of Plant Genome Sequencing Technology and Its Conservation and Application in Endangered Gymnosperms
Authors: Hong Kaiyue , Radian Yasmina , Manda Teja , Xu Haibin , Luo Yuming
Published: November 2023

Genome sequencing is widely recognized as a fundamental pillar in genetic research and legal studies of biological phenomena, providing essential insights for genetic investigations and legal analyses of biological events. The field of genome sequencing has experienced significant progress due to rapid improvements in scientific and technological developments. These advancements encompass not only significant improvements in the speed and quality of sequencing but also provide an unparalleled opportunity to explore the subtle complexities of genomes, particularly in the context of rare species. Such a wide range of possibilities has successfully supported the validation of plant gene functions and the refinement of precision breeding methodologies. This expanded scope now includes a comprehensive exploration of the current state and conservation efforts of gymnosperm gene sequencing, offering invaluable insights into their genomic landscapes. This comprehensive review elucidates the trajectory of development and the diverse applications of genome sequencing. It encompasses various domains, including crop breeding, responses to abiotic stress, species evolutionary dynamics, biodiversity, and the unique challenges faced in the conservation and utilization of gymnosperms. It highlights both ongoing challenges and the unveiling of forthcoming developmental trajectories.
Enhancing Microalgae Content in Biocomposites through a Mechanical Grinding Method
Authors: Kim Minju , Kim Gyu Min , Chang Won-Seok , Kim Young-Kee
Published: November 2023

Microalgae-based biocomposites are gaining traction as ecofriendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. However, achieving a homogeneous dispersion of microalgae within a biocomposite matrix remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of the size of dried microalgae (Chlorella sp.) on the quality of biocomposites. Ball milling, a mechanical grinding process, was used to control the size of the pretreated dried microalgae. Our results demonstrate that the microalgae size strongly depends on the total weight of the stainless-steel balls, rather than the number of balls used in the milling process. Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), with functional groups resembling those of Chlorella sp., was incorporated into the ball-milled microalgae to produce homogeneous biocomposites. Smaller Chlorella sp. particles improved the ratio of microalgae and the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Dried Chlorella sp. particles up to 161.43 μm, which were 72.84% smaller than the untreated microalgae, were obtained after 6 h of ball milling using 3/8-inch balls. This enabled the production of biocomposites with 60 wt.% microalgae and 61.02% of the tensile strength of pure EVA, comparable to traditional polymers. Our findings suggest that controlling the microalgae size through ball milling can improve the quality of microalgae-based biocomposites.
Influence of Delamination Size and Depth on the Compression Fatigue Behaviour of a Stiffened Aerospace Composite Panel
Authors: Russo Angela , Castaldo Rossana , Palumbo Concetta , Riccio Aniello
Published: November 2023

Delamination in reinforced panels is one of the primary challenges facing the safety and reliability of aerospace structures. This article presents a sensitivity analysis of the fatigue behaviour during the compression of a composite aeronautical stiffened panel experiencing delamination. The main objective is to assess the impact of delamination size and depth on the lifecycle and structural integrity of the panel. Different dimensions and positions of delamination are considered to cover a comprehensive range of damage scenarios. The key feature of this sensitivity analysis is the adoption of a numerical procedure that is mesh- and load-step-independent, ensuring reliable results and providing valuable insight into the criticality of delamination and its impact on the fatigue behaviour during the compression of reinforced aeronautical panels. Sensitivity analyses are essential for enhancing the design process of aerospace structures, thereby contributing to the increased safety and reliability of structural components. In this regard, the use of robust and effective numerical procedures is of crucial significance. This may be seen as the real added value of this paper.
Mechanical Recycling and Its Effects on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyamides
Authors: Ben Amor Ichrak , Klinkova Olga , Baklouti Mouna , Elleuch Riadh , Tawfiq Imad
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mechanical recycling on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) in relation to their microstructures. Both PA6 and PA66 raw materials were reprocessed six times, and the changes in their properties were investigated as a function of recycling number. Until the sixth round of recycling, slight changes in the mechanical properties were detected, except for the percentage of elongation. For the physical properties, the change in both flexural strength and Young’s modulus followed a decreasing trend, while the trend in terms of elongation showed an increase. Microscopic analysis was performed on virgin and recycled specimens, showing that imperfections in the crystalline regions of polyamide 6 increased as the number of cycles increased.
The Modification of Activated Carbon for the Performance Enhancement of a Natural-Rubber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Mekbuntoon Pongsakorn , Kongpet Sirima , Kaeochana Walailak , Luechar Pawonpart , Thongbai Prasit , Chingsungnoen Artit , Chinnarat Kodchaporn , Kaewnisai Suninad , Harnchana Viyada
Published: November 2023

Increasing energy demands and growing environmental concerns regarding the consumption of fossil fuels are important motivations for the development of clean and sustainable energy sources. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy technology that harnesses mechanical energy from the ambient environment by converting it into electrical energy. In this work, the enhancement of the energy conversion performance of a natural rubber (NR)-based TENG has been proposed by using modified activated carbon (AC). The effect of surface modification techniques, including acid treatments and plasma treatment for AC material on TENG performance, are investigated. The TENG fabricated from the NR incorporated with the modified AC using N2 plasma showed superior electrical output performance, which was attributed to the modification by N2 plasma introducing changes in the surface chemistry of AC, leading to the improved dielectric property of the NR-AC composite, which contributes to the enhanced triboelectric charge density. The highest power density of 2.65 mW/m2 was obtained from the NR-AC (N2 plasma-treated) TENG. This research provides a key insight into the modification of AC for the development of TENG with high energy conversion performance that could be useful for other future applications such as PM2.5 removal or CO2 capture.
Novel Phospholipase C with High Catalytic Activity from a Bacillus stearothermophilus Strain: An Ideal Choice for the Oil Degumming Process
Authors: Alonazi Mona , Krayem Najeh , Alzahrani Areej A. , Horchani Habib , Ben Bacha Abir
Published: November 2023

A novel thermoactive phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLCBs) was identified from Bacillus stearothermophilus isolated from a soil sample from an olive oil mill. Enhanced PLCBs production was observed after 10 h of incubation at 55 °C in a culture medium containing 1 mM of Zn2+ with an 8% inoculum size and 6 g/L glucose and 4/L yeast extract as the preferred carbon energy and nitrogen sources, respectively. PLCBs was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and anion exchange chromatography, resulting in a purification factor of 17.6 with 39% recovery. Interestingly, this enzyme showed a high specific activity of 8450 U/mg at pH 8–9 and 60 °C, using phosphatidylcholine PC as the substrate, in the presence of 9 mM sodium deoxycholate and 0.4 mM Zn2+. Remarkable stability at acidic and alkali pH and up to 65 °C was also observed. PLCBs displayed a substrate specificity order of phosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylethanolamine > phosphatidylserine > sphingomyelin > phosphatidylinositol > cardiolipin and was classified as a PC-PLC. In contrast to phospholipases C previously isolated from Bacillus strains, this PLCBs substrate specificity was correlated to its hemolytic and anti-bacterial potential against erythrocytes and Gram-positive bacterial membranes, which are rich in glycerophospholipids and cardiolipin. An evaluation of PLCBs soybean degumming process efficiency showed that the purified enzyme reduced the phosphorus content to 35 mg/kg and increased the amount of diacylglycerols released, indicating its ability to hydrolyze phospholipids in the crude soybean oil. Collectively, PLCBs could be considered as a potential catalyst for efficient industrial oil degumming, advancing the edible oil industry by reducing the oil gum volume through transforming non-hydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms, as well as through generating diacylglycerols, which are miscible with triacylglycerols, thereby reducing losses.
Recognising the Rheumatological Needs of Neurodivergent Females: Commentary
Authors: Martin Ren , Taylor Rachael , Kelly Clive
Published: November 2023

We experience life and interact with others in a multitude of ways. The term ‘neurodivergence’ refers to variations from what is considered typical or normal. Neurodivergence influences an individual’s behaviour in social situations and is associated with atypical emotional responses. This can precipitate inequity and rejection. Neurodivergent females are especially prone to many physical and psychological health issues, and musculoskeletal disorders account for a significant proportion of these. Research and education into neurodivergent conditions in females should inform the reassessment of clinicians’ present approach to those who present with multiple unexplained symptoms. Obtaining official confirmation of a neurodivergent condition improves access to support services and helps them and their family better understand themselves and the challenges they face. This commentary highlights the increased risk of developing rheumatological disease for females with neurodivergent conditions and suggests how clinicians might increase their awareness of this.