bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
President's Page
Authors: Stewart Robert R.
Published: September 2020

Growing up, 90 was always a big deal — going 90 miles an hour, hitting 90°F outside, getting 90/100 on a test. And now, we celebrate the 90th year of SEG's founding. Happy birthday, SEG! From those days in 1930, when 30 individuals first formed a geophysical association of fellow explorers, entrepreneurs, and scientists, to our Society today with some 12,000 members in 120 countries, it's been almost a century of progress. Traveling back 90 years, we would find a world population of some 2 billion (versus almost 8 billion today), U.S. life expectancy of 60 years (now pushing 80), and oil production of less than 4 million barrels per day compared to current levels of about 90 million. Interestingly, then as now, there was an oil glut and volatile stock market. However, on 18 April 1930 in contrast to our plethora of current events, the BBC announced that, “there is no news today” and played piano music! Oh, for those days … aside from the bit about a 60-year life expectancy.
Integrated simulation to seismic and seismic reservoir characterization in a CO2 EOR monitoring application
Authors: Mur Alan , Barajas-Olalde César , Adams Donald C. , Jin Lu , He Jun , Hamling John A. , Gorecki Charles D.
Published: September 2020

Understanding the behavior of CO2 injected into a reservoir and delineating its spatial distribution are fundamentally important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 capture and sequestration activities. Interdisciplinary geoscience collaboration and well-defined workflows, from data acquisition to reservoir simulation, are needed to effectively handle the challenges of EOR fields and envisioned future commercial-scale sites for planned and incidental geologic CO2 storage. Success of operations depends on decisions that are based on good understanding of geologic formation heterogeneities and fluid and pressure movements in the reservoir over large areas over time. We present a series of workflow steps that optimize the use of available data to improve and integrate the interpretation of facies, injection, and production effects in an EOR application. First, we construct a simulation-to-seismic model supported by rock physics to model the seismic signal and signal quality needed for 4D monitoring of fluid and pressure changes. Then we use Bayesian techniques to invert the baseline and monitor seismic data sets for facies and impedances. To achieve a balance between prior understanding of the reservoir and the recorded time-lapse seismic data, we invert the seismic data sets by using multiple approaches. We first invert the seismic data sets independently, exploring sensible parameter scenarios. With the resulting realizations, we develop a shared prior model to link the reservoir facies geometry between seismic vintages upon inversion. Then we utilize multirealization analysis methods to quantify the uncertainties of our predictions. Next, we show how data may be more deeply interrogated by using the facies inversion method to invert prestack seismic differences directly for production effects. Finally, we show and discuss the feedback loop for updating the static and dynamic reservoir simulation model to highlight the integration of geophysical and engineering data within a single model.
Exploring earth materials during Earth Science Week
Authors: Camphire Geoff
Published: September 2020

Geophysicists have a special understanding of how earth materials impact people and how human activity impacts earth materials. This year's theme of Earth Science Week, 11–17 October, will be “Earth materials in our lives.”
Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Craniopharyngioma Patients: A Longitudinal Study Over 10 Years
Authors: van Santen Selveta S , Olsson Daniel S , Hammarstrand Casper , Wijnen Mark , Fiocco Marta , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Johannsson Gudmundur , Janssen Joseph A M J L , van der Lely Aart J , Neggers Sebastian J C M M
Published: September 2020

Context

Patients with craniopharyngioma suffer from obesity and impaired bone health. Little is known about longitudinal changes in body composition and bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective

To describe body composition and BMD (change).

Design

Retrospective longitudinal study.

Setting

Two Dutch/Swedish referral centers.

Patients

Patients with craniopharyngioma (n = 112) with a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan available (2 DXA scans, n = 86; median Δtime 10.0 years; range 0.4-23.3) at age ≥ 18 years (58 [52%] male, 50 [45%] childhood onset).

Main outcome measures

Longitudinal changes of body composition and BMD, and associated factors of ΔZ-score (sex and age standardized).

Results

BMI (from 28.8 ± 4.9 to 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2, P < .001), fat mass index (FMI) (from 10.5 ± 3.6 to 11.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2, P = .001), and fat free mass index (FFMI) (from 18.3 ± 3.2 to 19.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, P < .001) were high at baseline and increased. Fat percentage and Z-scores of body composition did not increase, except for FFMI Z-scores (from 0.26 ± 1.62 to 1.06 ± 2.22, P < .001). Z-scores of total body, L2-L4, femur neck increased (mean difference 0.61 ± 1.12, P < .001; 0.74 ± 1.73, P < .001; 0.51 ± 1.85, P = .02). Linear regression models for ΔZ-score were positively associated with growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) (femur neck: beta 1.45 [95% CI 0.51–2.39]); and negatively with radiotherapy (femur neck: beta –0.79 [–1.49 to –0.09]), glucocorticoid dose (total body: beta –0.06 [–0.09 to –0.02]), and medication to improve BMD (L2-L4: beta –1.06 [–1.84 to –0.28]).

Conclusions

Z-scores of BMI, fat percentage, and FMI remained stable in patients with craniopharyngioma over time, while Z-scores of FFMI and BMD increased. Higher glucocorticoid dose and radiotherapy were associated with BMD loss and GHRT with increase.
Bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me – the sorting receptor RER1
Authors: Annaert Wim , Kaether Christoph
Published: September 2020

The quote “bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me” from Queen's Love of my life describes the function of the sorting receptor RER1, a 23 kDa protein with four transmembrane domains (TMDs) that localizes to the intermediate compartment and the cis-Golgi. From there it returns escaped proteins that are not supposed to leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) back to it. Unique about RER1 is its ability to recognize its ligands through binding motifs in TMDs. Among its substrates are ER-resident proteins, as well as unassembled subunits of multimeric complexes that are retrieved back into the ER, this way guarding the full assembly of their respective complexes. The basic mechanisms for RER1-dependent retrieval have been already elucidated some years ago in yeast. More recently, several important cargoes of RER1 have been described in mammalian cells, and the in vivo role of RER1 is being unveiled by using mouse models. In this Review, we give an overview of the cell biology of RER1 in different models, discuss its controversial role in the brain and provide an outlook on future directions for RER1 research.
Proximal Aortic Compliance in Young Male Endurance Athletes: An MRI Study
Authors: TARUMI TAKASHI , YAMABE TAKAYUKI , FUKUIE MARINA , Kimura RYOTA , ZHU DAVID C. , OHYAMA-BYUN KEIGO , MAEDA SEIJI , SUGAWARA JUN
Published: September 2020

Introduction

High-intensity endurance training can elicit profound cardiac adaptations; however, the current evidence as to its impact on the proximal aorta is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional characteristics of the proximal aorta in endurance athletes.

Methods

Fifteen young male middle- and long-distance runners were compared with 19 age- and sex-matched sedentary control participants. CINE phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure blood flow velocities and cross-sectional areas of the ascending and proximal descending aorta. Aortic blood pressure was measured simultaneously during the phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging scan using a generalized transfer function. Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was measured in the athletes. Left ventricular morphology was assessed in a subgroup of participants (n = 16) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The athlete group exhibited an average V˙O2max of 69.5 ± 3.1 mL·kg−1⋅min−1, which is above the 90th percentile of men with similar age according to the American College of Sports Medicine guideline. The athletes had significantly higher stroke volume and slower heart rate at rest and greater left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass than the sedentary participants. Significantly larger cross-sectional areas and higher compliance of the ascending and proximal descending aorta were also found in the athletes, independently of body surface area. Moreover, higher compliance of the ascending aorta was associated with greater stroke volume (r = 0.382, P = 0.026) and slower heart rate (r = −0.442, P = 0.009) across all participants.

Conclusions

The proximal aorta of young male endurance athletes undergoes morphological and functional adaptations that may be resulting from the significant hemodynamic alterations associated with their cardiac function.
Nonrivalry and the Economics of Data
Authors: Jones Charles I. , Tonetti Christopher
Published: September 2020

Data is nonrival: a person’s location history, medical records, and driving data can be used by many firms simultaneously. Nonrivalry leads to increasing returns. As a result, there may be social gains to data being used broadly across firms, even in the presence of privacy considerations. Fearing creative destruction, firms may choose to hoard their data, leading to the inefficient use of nonrival data. Giving data property rights to consumers can generate allocations that are close to optimal. Consumers balance their concerns for privacy against the economic gains that come from selling data broadly. (JEL C80, D11, D21, D83, E22, K11, O34)
Assessment of the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham & Schltdl. leaf extracts
Authors: Abifarin Taiwo Oluwafunmilola , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: September 2020

Background: Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl (Apiaceae) is widely used traditionally for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in Southern and Eastern Africa. Although previous studies have reported the biological activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of H. arborescens leaves, there is no scientific information on the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol, aqueous and blanched extracts. This study is therefore aimed to investigate and compare the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol, aqueous and blanched extracts of H. arborescens leaves.

Methods: Phytochemical analysis for the total phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, alkaloid and saponin contents of all the fractions were determined by spectroscopic methods, while the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Micro dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of H. arborescens leaf extracts against Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Results: Total phenol content of the extracts ranged between 15.10 mg GAE/g- 42.50 mg GAE/g, proanthocyanidin was 459-8402.1 mg QE/g, and flavonoid content of 109.24-235.79 mg QE/g. In addition, alkaloids (5.59%) and saponins (23.33%) were present in significant amounts. Based on the IC50 values, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (0.013 mg/mL) with highest inhibition against DPPH and ABTS radicals (0.06 and 0.049 mg/mL respectively). Considerable antibacterial activities were observed in the acetone, ethanol and blanched extracts with MIC values ranging from 1.563-12.5 mg/mL; however, the aqueous extract was inactive against all the bacteria strains.

Conclusion: The study suggests that H. arborescens leaves could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Although the blanching process significantly decreased polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts, it increased the antibacterial compounds.
REVISITANDO AS BASES PARA UMA PEDAGOGIA DA LEITURA / Foundations review for a reading Pedagogy
Authors: Wilson Victoria
Published: September 2020

Resenha do livro Modos de Ler: teoria e pedagogia da leitura, de Marcia Lisbôa Costa de Oliveira (Letraria E-ditora, 2020)
Parenting as a Moderating Factor for Research Productivity and Work-Life Balance: Evidence from Philippine Women Academics
Authors: Dapiton Ethelbert P. , Quiambao Dolores T. , Canlas Ranie B.
Published: September 2020

Higher education institutions (HEIs) demand from their faculty excellent teaching output and substantial number of quality productive scholarship, hence, balancing work and family demands becomes a central challenge among academics to maintain a healthy work-life balance. The decision to have children and family shapes the career trajectories of academics as well as their research productivity in particular. Striking a balance between attending to family matters and becoming scholarly productive is a tall order among Filipino women academics, having a culture that is just beginning to adopt to the more egalitarian aspect of attending to family matters. The empirical result of this study shows that indeed, parenting is a moderating factor between work-life balance and research productivity among Filipino women academics. Female faculty members in particular are susceptible to a balancing act between family commitments most especially in producing quality researches. Family life still pervades within the spectrum of research productivity on one side and work-life balance on the other end among women academics.
BAME underrepresentation in surgery leadership in the UK and Ireland in 2020: an uncomfortable truth
Authors: Joseph JP , Joseph AO , Jayanthi NVG , Pereira B , Gahir J
Published: September 2020

Voicing opinions on issues that matter.
Return to work for higher surgical trainees: a deanery perspective
Authors: Williams S , Bowbrick VA , Chan S
Published: September 2020

With time out of training becoming increasingly frequent, trainees returning to work should be offered supportive measures to ensure a safe and successful return to practice.
Research requirements for CCT across the surgical specialties: why the difference?
Authors: Farrell I , Duff S
Published: September 2020

As high quality research steers better clinical outcomes, more must be done to achieve consistent research specifications across the board..
The feasibility of UK trauma training: the trauma TIG
Authors: Hancorn K , Davenport R , Griffiths M , Brooks A , Tai N
Published: September 2020

To ensure that trainees are equipped to manage trauma, undertaking specifically designed fellowships provides the best platform for acquiring the necessary skills.
Investigation and Joint effect Analysis of
Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L in Aerospace Applications
Authors: RAMESH KUMAR R. , BABU J. M.
Published: September 2020

The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction generated between them using pressure and frictional time. The material used for this is Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L with aluminum interlayers. The mechanical and metallurgical experimental strengths are investigated successfully. Titanium and stainless steel joined materials are commonly used for different aerospace, chemical, automotive and nuclear applications. The primary investigation of this present work is the connection between titanium and stainless steel with an aluminum interlayer. Initially, stainless steel and aluminum joints were made, and then the aluminum other surface was connected with titanium alloy. Joined welded samples are analyzed with scanning electron microscopes. Welded joint strength and characteristics were determined with the help of the tensile test, micro hardness and impact test. These investigation results were studied and compared with previous experimental studies.
Flow Field Study of Bio-Inspired Corrugated Airfoils at Low Reynolds Number with Different Peak Shapes
Authors: DWIVEDI Y. D.
Published: September 2020

This study is intended to understand the fluid flow behaviour of a bio inspired corrugated wing obtained from the mid span of the dragonfly wing with different peak shapes of the corrugations. The aerodynamic effect due to variation of the shape of the first peak is studied with triangular and a curved peak shapes. The coordinates of the corrugated wing of the dragonfly were obtained from the existing literature and scaled up 1:50 to do the computational work on it. The corrugated wing was modeled by using a modeling software, the meshing was done by using ICEMCFD with a rectangular block meshing and simulated in Ansys Fluent software at 35000 Reynolds number and angles of attack ranging from 4° to 12°. The k-ε turbulence modeling was deployed to capture turbulence in the tested domain. The boundary conditions and size of the domain were selected as per available experimental wind tunnel setup. The flow characteristics like pressure and velocity of the triangular and curved peaks were obtained computationally and compared with each other having same geometrical parameters. The simulated results showed that the curved peak performed aerodynamically better than the triangular peak. The leading edge vortices were observed in both models trapped in the trough of the first valley with some different intensity. The validation of the computational flow results was done by existing experimental flow visualization in a wind tunnel and both results agree with each other.
Single-shot compressed ultrafast photography based on U-net network
Authors: Zhang Anke , Wu Jiamin , Suo Jinli , Fang Lu , Qiao Hui , Li David Day-Uei , Zhang Shian , Fan Jintao , Qi Dalong , Dai Qionghai , Pei Chengquan
Published: September 2020

The compressive ultrafast photography (CUP) has achieved real-time femtosecond imaging based on the compressive-sensing methods. However, the reconstruction performance usually suffers from artifacts brought by strong noise, aberration, and distortion, which prevents its applications. We propose a deep compressive ultrafast photography (DeepCUP) method. Various numerical simulations have been demonstrated on both the MNIST and UCF-101 datasets and compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms. The result shows that our DeepCUP has a superior performance in both PSNR and SSIM compared to previous compressed-sensing methods. We also illustrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method under system errors and noise in comparison to other methods.
Performance limitations of resonant refractive index sensors with low-cost components
Authors: Drayton Alexander , Li Kezheng , Simmons Matthew , Reardon Christopher , Krauss Thomas F
Published: September 2020

Resonant biosensors are attractive for diagnostics because they can detect clinically relevant biomarkers with high sensitivity and in a label-free fashion. Most of the current solutions determine their detection limits in a highly stabilised laboratory environment, which does, however, not apply to real point-of-care applications. Here, we consider the more realistic scenario of low-cost components and an unstabilised environment and consider the related design implications. We find that sensors with lower quality-factor resonances are more fault tolerant, that a filtered LED lightsource is advantageous compared to a diode laser, and that a CMOS camera is preferable to a CCD camera for detection. We exemplify these findings with a guided mode resonance sensor and experimentally determine a limit of detection of 5.8 ± 1.7×10−5 refractive index units (RIU), which is backed up by a model identifying the various noise sources. Our findings will inform the design of high performance, low cost biosensors capable of operating in a real-world environment.
Mean field theory of weakly-interacting Rydberg polaritons in the EIT system based on the nearest-neighbor distribution
Authors: Hsiao Shih-Si , Chen Ko-Tang , Yu Ite A.
Published: September 2020

The combination of high optical nonlinearity in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect and strong electric dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) among the Rydberg-state atoms can lead to important applications in quantum information processing and many-body physics. One can utilize the Rydberg-EIT system in the strongly-interacting regime to mediate photon-photon interaction or qubit-qubit operation. One can also employ the Rydberg-EIT system in the weakly-interacting regime to study the Bose-Einstein condensation of Rydberg polaritons. Most of the present theoretical models dealt with the strongly-interacting cases. Here, we consider the weakly-interacting regime and develop a mean field model based on the nearest-neighbor distribution. Using the mean field model, we further derive the analytical formulas for the attenuation coefficient and phase shift of the output probe field. The predictions from the formulas are consistent with the experimental data in the weakly-interacting regime, verifying the validity of our model. As the DDI-induced phase shift and attenuation can be seen as the consequences of elastic and inelastic collisions among particles, this work provides a very useful tool for conceiving ideas relevant to the EIT system of weakly-interacting Rydberg polaritons and for evaluating experimental feasibility.
A method for spectral irradiance measurement based on a large area WC-C fixed point blackbody
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Dai Caihong , Khlevnoy Boris , Grigoryeva Irina , Li Ling , Wu Zhifeng , Xie Yihang , He Shufang
Published: September 2020

We have proposed a novel method for the spectral irradiance measurement of the standard lamp. The measurement has been realized by using national primary scale based on a large area WC-C fixed point blackbody for the first time. The wavelength range is from 450 nm to 1000 nm. The spectral irradiance of the standard lamp has been measured based on the traditional variable temperature blackbody and large area WC-C fixed point blackbody. The results of the two methods agree within the uncertainties. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the fixed point method can reduce the major component of the spectral irradiance measurement uncertainty related to the temperature measurement.
Demonstration of 0.67-mJ and 10-ns high-energy pulses at 2.72  µm from large core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers
Authors: Du Weizhi , Xiao Xuan , Cui Yifan , Nees John , Jovanovic Igor , Galvanauskas Almantas
Published: September 2020

We explored generation of high-energy nanosecond short pulses in the mid-IR wavelength range using 30–70-µm-core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers. The highest energies achieved were

∼

0.7

m
J

at 2.72 µm in 11.5-ns-long pulses, with the corresponding peak power of 60.3 kW, obtained with a 70-µm-diameter core fiber amplifier pumped at 976 nm and seeded by a

K
T
i
O
A
s
O

4

-based optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier system. To the best of our knowledge, these pulse energies are the highest achieved to date from mid-IR fiber lasers at longer than 2-µm wavelengths with nanosecond pulses. The achieved highest pulse energies were limited by the surface damage of unprotected fiber output facets.
Aggrecan in Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Authors: Koch Christopher D. , Lee Chan Mi , Apte Suneel S.
Published: September 2020

Aggrecan is a large proteoglycan that forms giant hydrated aggregates with hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The extraordinary resistance of these aggregates to compression explains their abundance in articular cartilage of joints where they ensure adequate load-bearing. In the brain, they provide mechanical buffering and contribute to formation of perineuronal nets, which regulate synaptic plasticity. Aggrecan is also present in cardiac jelly, developing heart valves, and blood vessels during cardiovascular development. Whereas aggrecan is essential for skeletal development, its function in the developing cardiovascular system remains to be fully elucidated. An excess of aggrecan was demonstrated in cardiovascular tissues in aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, vascular re-stenosis after injury, and varicose veins. It is a product of vascular smooth muscle and is likely to be an important component of pericellular matrix, where its levels are regulated by proteases. Aggrecan can contribute to specific biophysical and regulatory properties of cardiovascular ECM via the diverse interactions of its domains, and its accumulation is likely to have a significant role in developmental and disease pathways. Here, the established biological functions of aggrecan, its cardiovascular associations, and potential roles in cardiovascular development and disease are discussed.
Integrating academic skills and employability - revisiting the learning journal
Authors: Menz Mario
Published: September 2020

Across the world, universities are more numerous today than at any other time in history, yet at the same time there is unparalleled confusion about their purpose and scepticism about their value. Based on an extensive literature review, a survey of the academic landscape and discussions with academics as well as employers, this reflective piece highlights the importance of academic skills development on student’s success at university and illustrates the link between academic skills, employability and professional success.The article was prompted by the current discussion around universities’ struggle to provide students with the necessary skills to succeed after graduation. The article argues that the differentiation between academic skills on the one hand and employability skills on the other is no longer relevant or appropriate in the 21stcentury knowledge economy and invites universities to enhance their curriculum with additional, mandatory skills development modules. It provides an innovative suggestion on how to link academic skills and employability in curriculum development based on the existing academic literature around the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning as well as research into employability skills.The importance of academic skills on students’ professional success can never be overstated. The article offers an innovative approach to linkingacademic skills, employability and professional success. It adds fuel to the discussion around employability from the perspective of industry practitioners.
Does Lecture Format Matter? Exploring Student Preferences in Higher Education
Authors: Young Suzanne , Young Helen , Cartwright Ashley
Published: September 2020

This article offers an important contribution to understanding students’ perceptions of lectures based on different formats of lecture delivery. The growth in the use of blended, flipped, synchronous and asynchronous learning for lecture delivery raises questions as to whether students prefer these innovative modes of delivery over the traditional face-to-face lectures. Furthermore, the contemporary debates over recording lectures and whether this impacts on student attendance requires further exploration by comparing recorded face-to-face lectures with other methods of lecturing. This article draws on data that explored students’ preferences for lectures by comparing students’ experiences on three different types of lectures. The main findings demonstrate that there is no one preferred method of lectures, with student feedback reporting positive experiences with all three. However, the strengths and limitations of each mode of delivery are provided by the students which indicate that flexibility, interaction and choice enhance participation in lectures. The data indicates that student attendance is only slightly affected by lecture recordings and that other factors need to be considered if lecturers are concerned about attendance. This paper suggests that courses ought to offer a range of different lectures to meet the needs of varied populations of learners and that ensuring the delivery is student-focused will empower students and increase their participation.
Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association (2019)
Authors: Ionescu Arleen
Published: September 2020

To download this article, please click here.
Multiplicar para combater
Authors: Gonçalves Amanda da Conceição , Araújo Fátima Cristina Alves de
Published: September 2020

Este relato de experiência foi confeccionado a partir da vivência de uma acadêmica no projeto de extensão “Abuso infantojuvenil: multiplicar para combater”, cujo objetivo é relatar a experiência da formação de crianças a adolescentes multiplicadores de ações de prevenção e combate ao abuso infantojuvenil. Como arcabouço teórico foram utilizados os princípios da educação popular em saúde e a educação por pares. O projeto foi realizado em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. O público-alvo foram alunos matriculados na escola do sétimo ao nono ano do ensino fundamental. Foram realizadas oito sessões, com presença média de quinze jovens em cada uma. Por meioinfantojuvenil da vivência, foi possível perceber que ações de educação popular em saúde e educação por pares são importantes instrumentos de transformação para crianças e adolescentes com grande potencial para prevenir e combater as situações de abuso infantojuvenil. A participação no projeto contribuiu para a ampliação do conhecimento teórico e prático adquirido na graduação em saúde, com uma abordagem multidisciplinar voltada para ações integrais de educação e promoção da saúde.
Metrópoles, problemáticas urbanas e os desafios educacionais no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Bauer Carlos
Published: September 2020

O objetivo central deste ensaio é inventariar e, ao mesmo tempo, refletir sobre os problemas urbanos que tomaram conta da cena social brasileira e, nomeadamente, sobre o papel que os trabalhadores da educação, comprometidos com os movimentos sociais e populares, podem ser chamados a desempenhar neste quadro de crise estrutural pelo qual a sociedade capitalista está passando e os seus desdobramentos em países como o Brasil.
“Magic Math Minute” Videos to Foster Understanding of Early Mathematics Learning
Authors: Luna-Lucero Myra , O’Donnell Oppenzato Colleen , Uscianowski Colleen , Almeda Ma. Victoria , Ginsburg Herbert P.
Published: September 2020

Technological advances afford teacher educators, designers, and researchers the opportunity to use videos as an instructional tool to help parents, caregivers, teachers, and other adults support young children’s mathematical development. We created five Magic Math Minute videos to highlight examples of young children’s mathematical thinking and to show how adults can engage children in mathematics conversations. We intended for these videos to inform adults about the ways children explore mathematics and to foster productive adult-child interactions around mathematics. This article documents how we designed five distinct but related formats of a Magic Math Minute video. It describes the video content, design constraints, three online studies evaluating the videos, and how the results of these studies informed revisions to our design.
Designing an Interest-Based Integrated Curriculum Around Esports
Authors: Lee Je Seok , Wu Minerva , Lee Diana , Fleming Lee , Ruben Lindsay , Turner Tom , Brown Kevin , Steinkuehler Constance
Published: September 2020

A crisis of literacy has emerged among high school students in the United States. In order to encourage students’ engagement with literacy education, there is a need for an integrated curriculum of English Language Arts (ELA). An integrated language arts curriculum would allow students to learn literacy and reading skills while engaging with a motivating context. Meanwhile, esports has grown as a worldwide culture, expanding to more than just players and spectators to include a whole ecosystem of stakeholders. As esports grow in popularity and acceptance, educators have looked to connect the skills developed in esports with academic and career opportunities. We found esports to be a viable content area for the integrated curriculum because esports is favored among many students and involves reading activity as an essential part of participation.
COVID-19, Economic Depression, and the Black Lives Matter Protests
Authors: Yates Michael D.
Published: September 2020

Crisis reveals the fault lines in society. COVID-19 is wreaking havoc on our health and killing us in large numbers, bringing with it the most massive and steep economic collapse in U.S. history. Then, there was the murder of George Floyd and the resulting astonishing global protests against racism. Anyone can see that capitalism, facing no real opposition in decades, has reverted to its default position: only profit rules us and those with money will beat down those with none, without mercy or remorse.
A Violent Guatemala
Authors: Duran Jane
Published: September 2020

Among ethnic disasters of the past few decades, few can match in intensity or have been reported in the media more extensively than those of the Indigenous in Guatemala. The social structure of the nation—its hierarchy, driven by a light-skinned population, most of whom are ethnically mestizo but who do not identify with the purely Indigenous—its history, and its small size make it an important site for the documentation and reporting of ethnic disputes and differences.
Extract of Yellow Root (Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr.) from Several Regions in Kalimantan: Alkaloid Content and Cytotoxicity towards WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Mutiah Roihatul , Kirana Farenza Okta , Annisa Rahmi , Rahmawati Ana , Sandra Ferry
Published: September 2020

Yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) has been scientifically known to have potential as an antimalarial, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of alkaloid content and cytotoxicity of yellow root extract from several regions in Kalimantan. The alkaloid content was tested using the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method with dragendorf reagent. Cytotoxic in vitro test was conducted against WiDr colorectal cancer cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Yellow roots were collected from Samarinda city, Banjarmasin city, Barito Timur regency, Malinau district, and Balikpapan City. The MTT inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of yellow root extracts were 573.308 μg/mL; 582.857 μg/mL; 296.326 μg/mL; 114.119 μg/mL; and 320.162 μg/mL respectively. Results of the compound identification indicated that alkaloid was found in A. flava from all regions. Alkaloids of A. flava extract should be investigated further in order to find possible active agent that could decrease the viability of WiDr colorectal cancer cells.Keywords: Arcangelisia flava, Borneo, colorectal cancer, Kalimantan, WiDr cells.
Imigranci w polskiej przestrzeni wielkomiejskiej. Przypadek Poznania
Authors: Schmidt Jacek
Published: September 2020

Immigrants make up only 2% of the total population in Poland. Over 80% of such immigrants reside in cities. Poland is only a transit point in their migration to the West or a temporary place of work or education. The paper focuses on the structure of the several-thousand, heterogeneous immigrant population in Poznań and the institutions within which they function and pursue their particular adaptation and integration strategies. Foreigners in Poznań live to some extent “next to” the receiving society and are hardly visible in the city space. Their migration is circular and often seasonal. A significant percentage is made up of the so called privileged migrants (students obliged to pay tuition fees at public and private universities and business professionals). Poznań, which is not a multicultural city, is not an important centre in the transnational network and can be defined as a typical “national” city based on local forms of socio-cultural relations.
Istota koncepcji smart city. Aktywność miasta Poznania na drodze do smart city
Authors: Łaźniewska Ewa
Published: September 2020

Dyskusja w zakresie podejścia do definiowania inteligentnego miasta jestw literaturze ciągle aktualna (Moustaka i in. 2018, de Falco i in. 2019). Autorzy bardzoróżnorodnie określają ramy koncepcji. Jednym z czynników, który ma wpływ na tę różnorodność podejść, jest kwestia ciągle przyspieszającego rozwoju nowych technologii, przezco koncepcja ma charakter ewolucyjny (Mora, Deakin 2019). Innym ważnym czynnikiemoddziałującym na różne podejścia do definiowania problemu jest cała gama możliwościzindywidualizowania definicji w odniesieniu do wybranego przypadku miasta, co jest konieczne, bo miasta różnią się od siebie nie tylko problemami, ale możliwościami technologicznymi ich rozwiązywania. Samorządy starają się stworzyć własne rozwiązania, któreczęsto powstają jako połączenie tzw. dobrych praktyk, uważanych za wzorcowe w Europie,np. przypadki Wiednia czy Barcelony (Mora i in. 2019) oraz własnych wizji rozwojowych.Nie wszystkie miasta w jednakowym stopniu są przygotowane do przyjęcia rozwiązań charakterystycznych dla smart city. Ten problem został zbadany przez autorkę, a wyniki ankietprzedstawione w empirycznej części artykułu na przykładzie miasta Poznania. Różnorodne czynniki wpływają na dużą dynamikę w formułowaniu koncepcji, co powoduje, że jest to niezmiernie intersujące pole badawcze. Celem artykułu jest próba syntezy różnych podejść do definiowania inteligentnego miasta oraz wskazanie na ich wspólne cechy. Z kolei celem założonym w części empirycznej jest pokazanie stanu gotowości miasta Poznania do przyjęcia rozwiązań typu smart city. Podstawową tezą artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że koncepcja smart city jest silnie związana z postępem technologicznym i w miarę rozwoju technologii pojawiają się nowe obszary aktywności miasta, które mogą być przez nią wdrażane. Pojęcie miasta inteligentnego może być różnorodnie definiowane, ponieważ każdy ekosystem ma swoją specyfikę i możliwości wsparcia rozwoju w zakresie transportu ludzi i towarów, przeciwdziałania smogowi, przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatycznym i innych rozwiązań z obszaru np. turystyki.
An estuarine tidescape of production: terrestrial laser scanning of fixed fishing structures and a tide mill in the Léguer Estuary, Brittany
Authors: Lobb Michael , Brown Tony , Leyland Jules , Bernard Vincent , Daire Marie-Yvane , Langouët Loïc
Published: September 2020

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides a means of rapid and highly accurate survey of archaeological excavations and structures at landscape scales, and is particularly valuable for documenting tidal environments. Here, the authors use TLS to record tidal fixed fishing structures and a tide mill within the Léguer Estuary at Le Yaudet, in north-west France. As part of a comprehensive resource-exploitation system, the early medieval (sixth to eighth centuries AD) structures lie within, and exploit different parts of, the tidal frame. The results are used to quantify production within an estuarine landscape associated with seignorial or monastic control of environmental resources.
The future of archaeology, interdisciplinarity and global challenges
Authors: Kerr Sarah
Published: September 2020

Understanding of the past can inform our approach to tackling a range of global challenges. Yet the inclusion of archaeologists and, more generally, those scholars engaged in studies of the past, is highly limited in most large, problem-oriented, interdisciplinary research projects, such as those supported by funding under Horizon 2020—the European Commission's major research and innovation programme. This article examines the interdisciplinary context of archaeological research and funding, and proposes potential ways forward to ensure that such work is fully integrated into projects supported under the next programme, Horizon Europe (2021–2027). In this way, archaeologists can contribute to and influence societal change.
Death is not the end: radiocarbon and histo-taphonomic evidence for the curation and excarnation of human remains in Bronze Age Britain
Authors: Booth Thomas J. , Brück Joanna
Published: September 2020

Cremated and unburnt human remains have been recovered from a variety of British Bronze and earliest Iron Age archaeological contexts (c. 2500–600 BC). Chronological modelling of 189 new and extant radiocarbon dates from a selection of these deposits provides evidence for the curation of human remains for an average of two generations following death, while histological analysis of bone samples indicates mortuary treatment involving both excarnation and the exhumation of primary burials. Curated bones came from people who had been alive within living or cultural memory, and their power probably derived from relationships between the living and the dead.
Constructing and deconstructing the Gokstad mound
Authors: Cannell Rebecca J.S. , Bill Jan , Macphail Richard
Published: September 2020

Viking Age burial mounds are usually interpreted with reference to their exterior dimensions, the funerary treatment of the deceased and the artefacts placed within them. The process of constructing these mounds, however, may also have played an important role in funerary traditions. Investigations at the Gokstad mound in Norway demonstrate that the building of this mound—in terms of its phases and material expressions—formed an integral part of the overall burial rite. The complex construction sequence contained references to both the physical and mythical landscapes, revealing the potential of the study of burial mound construction at other sites in Viking Age Scandinavia and beyond.
The Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia on Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Adults
Authors: Allsopp Giselle L. , Hoffmann Samantha M. , Feros Simon A. , Pasco Julie A. , Russell Aaron P. , Wright Craig R.
Published: September 2020

Allsopp, GL, Hoffmann, SM, Feros, SA, Pasco, JA, Russell, AP, and Wright, CR. The effect of normobaric hypoxia on resistance training adaptations in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2306–2312, 2022—The effect of normobaric hypoxia on strength, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness was investigated after a resistance training intervention in older adults. A single-blinded, randomized control trial recruited 20 healthy adults aged 60–75 years for an 8-week resistance training intervention in normoxia (n = 10) or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2; n = 10). Subjects performed 2 sessions per week of upper-body and lower-body exercises at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Pretraining and post-training, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), muscular endurance (30 maximal knee flexions/extensions), and 5RM were assessed, with 5RM used to calculate 1RM. Subjects underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at pretraining and post-training for fat and lean mass quantification. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Subjects in both groups substantially improved their calculated 1RM strength for leg extension, pectoral fly, row, and squat (normoxia; 30, 38, 27, and 29%, hypoxia; 43, 50, 28, and 64%, respectively); however, hypoxia did not augment this response. Hypoxia did not enhance V̇O2max or muscular endurance responses after the training intervention, with no improvements seen in either group. Fat mass and lean mass remained unchanged in both groups after the intervention. In summary, 8 weeks of resistance training in hypoxia was well tolerated in healthy older adults and increased upper-body and lower-body strength. However, the magnitude of strength and lean muscle improvements in hypoxia was no greater than normoxia; therefore, there is currently no evidence to support the use of hypoxic resistance training in older adults.
A Window of Vascular Plasticity Coupled to Behavioral Recovery after Stroke
Authors: Williamson Michael R. , Franzen Ronald L. , Fuertes Cathleen Joy A. , Dunn Andrew K. , Drew Michael R. , Jones Theresa A.
Published: September 2020

Stroke causes remodeling of vasculature surrounding the infarct, but whether and how vascular remodeling contributes to recovery are unclear. We established an approach to monitor and compare changes in vascular structure and blood flow with high spatiotemporal precision after photothrombotic infarcts in motor cortex using longitudinal 2-photon and multiexposure speckle imaging in mice of both sexes. A spatially graded pattern of vascular structural remodeling in peri-infarct cortex unfolded over the first 2 weeks after stroke, characterized by vessel loss and formation, and selective stabilization of a subset of new vessels. This vascular structural plasticity was coincident with transient activation of transcriptional programs relevant for vascular remodeling, reestablishment of peri-infarct blood flow, and large improvements in motor performance. Local vascular plasticity was strongly predictive of restoration of blood flow, which was in turn predictive of behavioral recovery. These findings reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of vascular remodeling after stroke and demonstrate that a window of heightened vascular plasticity is coupled to the reestablishment of blood flow and behavioral recovery. Our findings support that neovascularization contributes to behavioral recovery after stroke by restoring blood flow to peri-infarct regions. These findings may inform strategies for enhancing recovery from stroke and other types of brain injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn improved understanding of neural repair could inform strategies for enhancing recovery from stroke and other types of brain injury. Stroke causes remodeling of vasculature surrounding the lesion, but whether and how the process of vascular remodeling contributes to recovery of behavioral function have been unclear. Here we used longitudinalin vivoimaging to track vascular structure and blood flow in residual peri-infarct cortex after ischemic stroke in mice. We found that stroke created a restricted period of heightened vascular plasticity that was associated with restoration of blood flow, which was in turn predictive of recovery of motor function. Therefore, our findings support that vascular remodeling facilitates behavioral recovery after stroke by restoring blood flow to peri-infarct cortex.
Combating COVID-19 in Democratic Taiwan and South Korea
Authors: Wong Joseph
Published: September 2020

South Korea and Taiwan effectively suppressed the coronavirus without the authoritarian measures imposed in China or the lockdowns used elsewhere. They responded quickly, communicated clearly and consistently about the threat. Both governments had prior experiences with contagions to prepare for an epidemic. And both states had introduced universal health care during their periods of democratization, shaping a consensus among citizens about equity, solidarity, and the role of government in protecting public health. Their strategies provide replicable and repeatable models.
Responses to the COVID-19 Economic Crisis: Challenges for Global Governance
Authors: Begg Iain
Published: September 2020

The deepening economic crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic has elicited extensive policy responses, but also raises daunting challenges for global governance. This policy-oriented article explores the new challenges for multilateralism, assesses efforts to coordinate these policy responses, and considers likely outcomes.