bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note—Impact of Inventory on Quota-Bonus Contracts with Rent Sharing
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Jerath Kinshuk
Published: January 2016

We study the impact of limited inventory on optimal sales-force compensation contracts. We adopt a principal-agent framework, characterized by limited liability and rent sharing with the agent. A commonly invoked assumption in the inventory management literature is that the demand distribution satisfies the increasing failure rate (IFR) property. Under this assumption, however, past research has established that a quota-bonus contract—a widely adopted sales-force compensation contract in the practice—cannot sustain in equilibrium. We show that because of demand censoring in the presence of limited inventory (i.e., demand realizations higher than the inventory level are unobservable), a quota-bonus contract is the optimal equilibrium contract, and it exists, even for a demand distribution with the IFR property. Since most well-known distributions satisfy the IFR property, and inventory constraints are operative in many real-world situations, our results significantly extend the scope of the optimality of quota-bonus contracts and underscore the importance of considering the inventory aspect while making sales-force compensation decisions.
The Stochastic and Dynamic Traveling Purchaser Problem
Authors: Angelelli E. , Mansini R. , Vindigni M.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we analyze a dynamic and stochastic variant of the traveling purchaser problem where quantity available for each product in each market decreases over time according to a stochastic process. The multiobjective nature of the problem is faced through a hierarchical evaluation of the different objectives. We introduce three variants of a heuristic approach using reoptimization to exploit new information as it becomes available. The proposed approaches are studied under different operating scenarios characterized by the communication technologies at hand and by the level of information available on the state of the world. Extensive computational results show how communication and a good level of information represent valuable tools for a decision maker, and provide interesting guidelines for decision makers involved with similar stochastic and dynamic problems.
Canine transitional cell carcinoma: a review of current paradigms
Authors: Serra Juan Carlos , Hill Tracy , Lawrence Jessica
Published: January 2016

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common tumour of the canine urinary bladder. It is highly locally invasive and carries a moderate to high risk of metastasis. Clinical signs are typically attributed to the primary disease, and may mimic those of a lower urinary tract infection. The gold standard for definitive diagnosis is histopathology of tissue obtained by traumatic catheterisation, cystoscopy or surgery. Staging includes thoracic and abdominal imaging to aid in the determination of prognosis. Due to the limitations of local treatment for TCC, medical treatment with systemic chemotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories remains the mainstay of therapy. Surgery is rarely feasible as the most common location for TCC is the trigone. With the rapid development of interventional radiology in veterinary medicine during the last decade, urethral stents have become a non-invasive and effective approach for relieving partial or complete malignant urinary obstructions, which are common in dogs with advanced TCC.
Consideration of pain scoring systems
Authors: Thornley Amy
Published: January 2016

Effective pain assessment is an important and essential attribute of a registered veterinary nurse (RVN), however, despite this studies have highlighted that recognition of adequate analgesia requirements in veterinary practice is low. Since 2010 RVNs have become accountable for their own actions with a requirement to follow a Code of Professional Conduct. This states that animal health should always be the first consideration highlighting a requirement for a clear understanding of analgesia and pain assessment. Pain scoring systems can be utilised to encourage individual assessment of patients and encourage a holistic approach to nursing resulting in a high standard of nursing care.
How to suture — types and patterns in veterinary surgery
Authors: Beckett Jessica
Published: January 2016

Wound management is an integral part of daily veterinary practice. All wounds should be considered individually with regards to their most appropriate closure method, this is most commonly via suturing. Nurses are able to perform suturing under Schedule 3 of the Veterinary Surgeon's Act 1966 when supervised by a veterinary surgeon. The nurse should be aware of the different types of suture material, needles, knots and patterns available to ensure proper closure of the wound.
Electrical impedance tomography for decay diagnostics of Norway spruce (Picea abies): possibilities and opportunities
Authors: Humplík Přemysl , Čermák Petr , Žid Tomáš
Published: January 2016

The paper aimed at testing the potential of refining tree rot diagnostics carried out by means of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Examined was the use of EIT datasets with electrical resistance values and sapwood proportion determined on the basis of tomograms. Making use of datasets with resistance values in EIT rot diagnostics is not a default method, although datasets stay unaffected by a fixed colour scale and subsequent subjective evaluation unlike tomograms. Tomography measurement was carried out for 27 individuals of Norway spruce ([L.] Karst.) in two stands north-east of Brno, Czech Republic. Once felled down, radial cut-outs were sampled at the measurement site and used for localising rot and determining the extent of the area of decay. The results were subsequently compared with tomograms. EIT datasets containing values of electrical resistance found by measuring were statistically processed and compared with the extent of rot area identified within the cuts. Sapwood proportion values were also detected using the tomograms. The baseline assumption that sapwood proportion decreases as the rot area in the radial cut expands was confirmed. In trees with rot percentage to 35% approximately, sapwood proportion was exceeding 30% except one tree. In trees with rot percentage exceeding 35%, sapwood proportion was below 30%. On the basis of interpreted datasets, the trees can be split into three characteristic groups that correspond to the occurrence, extent and nature of the rot.Picea abies
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide - a new link in the development of obesity
Authors: Shestakova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Il'in Aleksandr Victorovich , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: January 2016

Objective. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) as well as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is intestinal incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion in response to feeding. Much evidence of GIP contribution to obesity development has been found recently.Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate glucose-stimulated GIP and GLP-1 secretion in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors and different body mass index (BMI).Materials and methods. Total GIP and GLP-1 secretion was estimated in 127 patients with T2D risk factors during OGTT (75 g glucose) on 0, 30 and 120 minutes.Results. Patients with BMI≥ 35 kg/m2 had significantly higher fasting and stimulated GIP levels than participants with less BMI. GIP secretion was also higher in patients was insulinresistance, estimated by HOMA-IR, comparing to non-insulinresistant patients. Difference in GLP-1 secretion in patients within several BMI groups was nonsignificant.Conclusion. Our results suggest GIP is related to obesity degree, that means it can play a role in lipid metabolism and obesity development.
Сircadian rhythm and metabolic effects of melatonin
Authors: Burchakov Denis Igorevich
Published: January 2016

Sleep is a highly important process, required for normal organ and system function. Researchers assume, that during sleep brain shifts to internal body signals. Therefore, any sleep disturbance will disrupt health. Industrial and post-industrial society links high stress level and sleep problems. Excess light stimulation in living space, including bedroom, disorganize circadian rhythm of melatonin. Besides regulation this hormone has antioxidant and adaptogen functions. From psychological standpoint the same high-stress social context depletes the adaptation resources. To normalize sleep function we can utilize both sleep hygiene measures and modern pharmacotherapy. There are melatonin-based drugs, which help to restore sleep-wake cycle, augment adaptive capability and in some cases empower the existing treatment for specific somatic maladies. From a clinical and chronobiological standpoint melatonin is useful in broad spectrum of disorders.
ACTH overexpressing pituitary hyperplasia in a patient with ectopic ACTH-syndrome due to carcinoid of the lung
Authors: Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna , Skuridina Darya Viktorovna , Voronkova Iya Aleksandrovna , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Manchenko Oksana VLadimirovna , Ablitsov Yuriy Alekseevich , Ablitsov Aleksey Yur'evich , Bolevich Stefani Sergeevna , Grigor'ev Andrey Yur'evich , Pigarova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Ankvab Maisna Konstantinova
Published: January 2016

Ectopic ACTH-syndrome is the most diagnostically challenging  variant of endogenous hypercortisolism. Particularly difficult differential diagnosis of this syndrome is from Cushing's disease (CD), as currently there is no single test sufficiently accurate to differentiate accurately ectopic ACTH production from the pituitary. The main functional tests are based on the fact that the vast majority of ectopic ACTH production is autonomous and suppresses one from pituitary. But in some cases this is not observed, and then the data obtained all necessary laboratory and instrumental research evidence in favor of central genesis of CD in a patient with ACTH ectopic secretion, which can lead to inappropriate treatment. If you confirm the ectopic ACTH-syndrome, it may take quite a long time of searching for the pathological focus, as there is no sufficiently precise imaging and diagnostic method for determining the localization of ectopic source of ACTH production. Thus, the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism and localization of the ectopic tumor is the cornerstone of early and radical treatment of patients. We present a difficult clinical case of a patient having a pituitary hyperplasia with excessive ACTH expression with primary ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by lung carcinoid.
Bariatric surgery in Russia in 2011-2013
Authors: Khatsiev Bekkhan Bayalovich , Kuzminov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Yashkov Yuriy Ivanovich , Uzdenov Nauruz Akhmatovich
Published: January 2016

Within three years (2011 - 2013), we collected data on the operations carried out by sending a questionnaire to members of the Russian Society of Bariatric Surgeons. In the questionnaire were asked to fill in a table on the total number of operations, their structure, subject to the applicable access and report on fatal cases indicating the cause of death.The number of executed operations (excluding installation gastric balloon) increased from 989 to 1525.In 2012, steel longitudinal gastrectomy performed more often than banding. The share gastroshuntirovany continues to decline throughout the period.In 2013, against the backdrop of a significant increase in the number of bariatric interventions deaths were recorded.
Orlistat induces weight loss and improves fertility in patients with PCOS
Authors: Vorotnikova Svetlana Yur'evna
Published: January 2016

Orlistat induces weight loss and improves fertility in patients with PCOS
Scuttle fly infestation in deteriorating fluid-preserved specimens (Diptera: Phoridae: Megaselia scalaris)
Authors: Pocklington Kate
Published: January 2016

An infestation of scuttle flies, Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866), was found in deteriorating 19th century fluid-preserved specimens contained in a glass tank in the Vertebrate Spirit Store at Oxford University Museum of Natural History. A test showed ethanol levels were inadequate to maintain specimen preservation, and a vast amount of fluid had evaporated, leaving the specimens exposed and in a state of decomposition. The conditions provided a suitable habitat for the infestation and subsequent reproduction of M. scalaris. Here, I provide a method for the removal of M. scalaris from infested museum collections, as well as notes on their behavior and the conditions that promote fly infestation. Remedial salvage of the specimen that involves refixation, staging, and final preservation in 75% industrial methylated spirits (IMS/H2O) is described.
Conservation of a museum megamouth shark specimen by changing its preservative from aqueous ethanol to aqueous glycerol
Authors: MacLeod Ian Donald
Published: January 2016

The Western Australian Museum’s iconic 5.2-m megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) was relocated 20 km from Perth to the Maritime Museum in Fremantle for treatment in an exhibition gallery. A 70% ethanol solution was diluted to 16% before the glass lids of the fiberglass tank were removed to facilitate removal of the heavy shark. A custom-made stainless steel storage and exhibition tank containing 8,000 L of 30% glycerol solution was prepared inside the exhibition space prior to the arrival of the specimen. Portholes in the top sections provided access points to record the density of the solution using a digital densitometer. The density fell linearly with the logarithm of the immersion time. Equilibration was achieved after the solution showed no change in density for a period of 2 months. To increase the glycerol concentration, 2,000 L of the solution were decanted into storage tanks before the same volume of pure glycerol was added. This process was repeated four times to reach a final level of 62% during the 2.5-year conservation program. The color and flexibility of the shark improved and dehydration wrinkles from ethanol storage were significantly reduced.
No Vacation from Politics
Authors: Baran Paul A.
Published: January 2016

Blessed were the times when a man's decision about his fate lay in his own hands. Blessed were the times when he relied upon himself and was under no one's direct command and formed his life through his direct relationship to nature. These were times of transparent clarity; these were times of child-like belief in God; these were times of inner peace. The environment [Umwelt] of the man of that time existed outside of his horizon; its events passed him by or broke into his life naturally, suddenly, overwhelmingly. Wars and starvation, epidemics and bad harvests stood on the same plane—they were to man equally strange, equally incomprehensible, equally remote.… This assault of his environment into his existence, these catastrophes which from time to time would bring his life into turmoil, man could not explain to himself. For they were of a different type than he was; for they were covered by a thick impenetrable shroud…. Faith replaced knowledge at that time; prayer replaced action, and fear replaced circumspection.

Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Evaluation of pre-school teachers' job satisfaction from the point of their children love and other variables
Authors: Durualp Ender , Kaytez Nazan
Published: January 2016

In the research, it has been aimed to evaluate pre-school teachers' job satisfaction from the point of their children love and other variables. The participants of the research involve the teachers working pre-schools in tandem with the National Education Ministry in Çankırı. The population of the study has been organized as a random sampling survey consisting 364 teachers, who accepted to fill out the data collection instruments. The data have been collected via "General Information Form", "Minnesota Satisfaction Scale" and "Barnett Children Love Scale". For the data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests, Spearman correlation parameters have been used. The analysis result has indicated that the teachers, who are satisfied with their salaries and would again choose their jobs, has high satisfaction points (p<.05) and as their children love increases, their satisfaction gets higher too (p<.01).
Do cosmetic products which are prevent sweating cause breast cancer?
Terlemeyi önleyen kozmetik ürünler meme kanserine mi neden oluyor?
Authors: Güler Demir Sevil , Bulut Hülya
Published: January 2016

Today, underarm and antiperspirant deodorants are extensively consumed cosmetic products in order to prevent sweating. Increasing use of these products is revived the claims of increasing of breast cancer risk. While discussing these claims, drawn attention at society, in the popular press and on the Internet, it has begun to discuss in the scientific literature at the same time. There are academic studies which are shown the relation between underarm cosmetic products and breast cancer as well as the opposites. In this article, literature about whether there is relationship between underarm cosmetic products and breast cancer is reviewed and obtained findings are explained. 

 

Özet

Günümüzde koltuk altı ve antiperspirant deodorantlar terlemeyi önlemek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan kozmetik ürünlerdir. Bu ürünlerin kullanımının artması, özellikle meme kanseri riskini arttırdığı iddialarını gündeme getirmiştir. Toplumun ilgisini de çeken bu iddialar popüler basın ve internet üzerinde tartışılırken, aynı zamanda bilimsel literatürde de tartışılmaya başlamıştır. Literatürde koltuk altı kozmetik ürünlerle meme kanseri arasında ilişki olduğunu belirten çalışmaların yanı sıra ilişki olmadığını gösteren çalışmalarda yer almaktadır. Bu makalede, koltuk altı kozmetik ürünlerle meme kanseri arasında ilişki olup olmadığına ilişkin literatür taranmış ve elde edilen bulgular açıklanmıştır.
Alienation and anger relation in educational organizations (Şişli Technical and Industrıal Vhs)
Eğitim örgütlerinde yabancılaşma ve öfke ilişkisi (Şişli Teknik ve Eml)
Authors: Boz Mehmet , Garipağaoğlu Burçak Çağla
Published: January 2016

This research aimed to determine the correlation of anger and alienation in educational organizations on the basis of perceptions of teachers. Data was collected from 146 teachers who worked in Şişli Vocational High School, İstanbul. The research was a correlational study which had a quality of relationship survey model. In order to collect the data necessary for the research, 'The work alienation scale ' by Elma ( 2003) and 'The scale of constant anger and anger expressions styles' which was prepared by Spielberger (1998) and translated and adapted by Ozer ( 1994) were conducted. The research results indicated that there was meaningful, medium level, positive sided correlation between the dimensions of work alienation and constant anger level with the dimensions of inward anger among the teachers. It was also found that there was meaningful, positive sided, low level correlation between the dimensions of work alienation and constant anger management level. However, there was not found any meaningful correlation between the dimensions of outward anger and work alienation. Besides, the research results showed that teachers feel alienation mostly in terms of school alienation and from the anger expression styles, they used anger control most frequently.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı; öğretmenlerin işe yabancılaşma düzeyleri ile sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Şişli Teknik ve Endüstri Meslek Lisesi’nde görev yapan 146 öğretmen üzerinde yapılan araştırma, nicel verilere dayalı, ilişkisel tarama modeli niteliğinde, korelasyonel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada Elma (2003) tarafından hazırlanan “Öğretmen İşe Yabancılaşma Ölçeği” ve Spielberger (1988) tarafından geliştirilip, Özer (1994) tarafından çevirisi ve uyarlaması yapılan “Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; öğretmenlerde, işe yabancılaşma ile sürekli öfke düzeyi ve öfke içte alt boyutu arasında, orta düzeyde, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. İşe yabancılaşma ile öfke kontrol alt boyutu arasında düşük düzeyde, pozitif yönlü, anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiş, öfke dışta alt boyutu arasında ise anlamlı ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin yabancılaşma duygusunu, en çok okula yabancılaşma boyutunda yaşadığı ve öfke ifade tarzlarından, en sık öfke kontrolünü kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Sensitive Periods, Language Aptitude, and Ultimate L2 Attainment Editors: Gisela Granena and Mike Long, Publisher: John Benjamins, 2013, ISBN: 978-9027213129, Pages: 295
Authors: Haimov Jacqueline
Published: January 2016

Book review
On the optimal control problem for two regions’ macroeconomic model
Authors: Surkov Platon G.
Published: January 2016

In this paper we consider a model of joint economic growth of two regions. This model bases on the classical Kobb-Douglas function and is described by a nonlinear system of differential equations. The interaction between regions is carried out by changing the balance of trade. The optimal control problem for this system is posed and the Pontryagin maximum principle is used for analysis the problem. The maximized functional represents the global welfare of regions. The numeric solution of the optimal control problem for particular regions is found. The used parameters was obtained from the basic scenario of the MERGE
Pinning synchronization of two general complex networks with periodically intermittent control
Authors: Meng Fanyu , Wen Bohui , Zhao Mo , Bao Weichuan
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the method of periodically pinning intermittent control is introduced to solve the problem of outer synchronization between two complex networks. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, differential inequality method and adaptive technique, some simple synchronous criteria have been derived analytically. At last, both the theoretical and numerical analysis illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. This method not only reduces the conservatism of control gain but also saves the cost of production.These advantages make this method having a large application scope in the real production process.
Selected Problems Of Transmission Wear Of The Mi-24 Helicopter
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Zientalski Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

The hypothesis of mutual, destructive impact of the worn upper bearing of the WR-24 transmission on the Mi-24 helicopter's gearbox was stated. The Mi-24 is the only helicopter operated in Poland, in which the gearbox is mounted outside the main transmission – in the centre of the transmission shaft, between the main gearbox and the tail rotor. Damage to the gears in the gearbox of power generators is equivalent to termination of the tail rotor's drive. Such a termination immediately causes rotation of the body in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the main rotor. It is associated with the loss of lift and steering. It may lead to a disaster. Such an incident occurred in January 2011 in Afghanistan – both authors participated in its investigation. The authors, taking into account very good, almost legendary combat properties of the Mi-24, and their research of the specifics of wear and tear of the transmission elements, they think that, first, funds for development and implementation of the drive unit monitoring system should be made available specially for this helicopter. For this purpose, the authors propose to use the FAM-C method. It is characterised with significant ergonomics. Thank to this, multiple kinematic pairs can be observed simultaneously, and, therefore, the relationships between them as well.
Proteinuria as the Most Relevant Parameter Affecting Fetuin-A Levels in Preeclampsia
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Muhammed Ali Roaa Ali
Published: January 2016

The present study aimed to examine the factors affecting the possible changes in serum fetuin-A in patients with preeclampsia (PE). The examined factors included the parameters of insulin resistance (IR) [(insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S), insulin resistance (HOMA2IR), and beta-cell functions (HOMA%B)], which were calculated using the HOMA2 calculator, and total and ionized calcium and magnesium levels.

Sixty PE patients and thirty healthy pregnant women, which comprised the study group and control group, respectively participated in the present study. Fetuin-A, estradiol, insulin, glucose, total and ionized calcium and magnesium, total protein, albumin, and globulins were measured in their sera.

The results of the present study showed that serum total and ionized magnesium and the I.Ca/Mg ratio decreased in PE women. Although the fasting insulin level and HOMA2IR were higher and HOMA2%S was lower in PE compared with the control women, PE did not appear as an overt insulin-resistant state. Serum fetuin-A was low in PE patients compared with the control group because PE women had proteinuria. Fetuin-A levels were not correlated with the characteristics and IR parameters, cations, and estradiol levels, but it was correlated with the severity of proteinuria.

These results confirmed the hypothesis that proteinuria results in the loss of fetuin-A because it has a low molecular weight.
Guidelines for complex genetic analysis of hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome in slovak population
Authors: Konecny M , Mlkva I , Simko J , Copakova L , Kadasi L , Cisarik F , Dolesova L , Zavodna K , Markus J
Published: January 2016

Genetic diagnostics of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has been performed in Slovakia in many different forms before the year 2000. Complex HBOC genetic analysis consists of many steps, including the initial genetic consultation, laboratory testing of genes associated with HBOC, interpretation and report of DNA analysis results, secondary explanatory genetic consultation and recommendation of clinical management for pathological mutation carriers. Many clinicians are participating on this workflow, such as clinical geneticists, laboratory diagnosticians as well as gynaecologists, oncologists or radio-diagnosticians. Currently, genetic testing is still technically and financially demanding and aimed only at selected families or patients who fulfil the defined clinical indication criteria.

Positive result of DNA analysis, that is, detection of pathological mutation in genes associated with HBOC syndrome means that the risk of breast/ovarian cancer onset in mutation carriers is amplified. This predisposition markedly affects the clinical management and treatment of patient and other members of the family, thus creating the demand to establish widely accepted specific recommendations for genetic diagnostics of HBOC. In the past, the analysis of HBOC in Slovakia followed various technical approaches and indication criteria depending on the workflow of specific laboratory. The guidelines reported below adhere to the current trends in DNA analysis and clinical healthcare, define the criteria for diagnostic laboratories, conditions for genetic testing and determine indications for selection of HBOC families and further clinical management of mutation carriers.
Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia / Sadržaj minerala u uzorcima pčelinjega peluda iz Srbije
Authors: Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Pešić Mirjana B. , Mosić Mirjana D. , Dojčinović Biljana P. , Natić Maja M. , Trifković Jelena Đ.
Published: January 2016

In this study we analysed mineral composition of bee pollen of different plant origin collected across Serbia using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The most abundant elements were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The samples were also exceptionally rich in iron and zinc, which are very important as nutrients. Judging by our findings, mineral composition of bee pollen much more depends on the type of pollen-producing plant than on its geographical origin.
The influence of royal jelly and human interferon-alpha (HuIFN-αN3) on proliferation, glutathione level and lipid peroxidation in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro / Vpliv matičnega mlečka in humanega interferona-alfa (HuIFN-αN3) na proliferacijo, nivo glutationa in na preoksidacijo lipidov v humanih kolorektalnih adenokarcinomskih celicah in vitro
Authors: Filipič Bratko , Gradišnik Lidija , Rihar Klemen , Šooš Eugen , Pereyra Adriana , Potokar Jana
Published: January 2016

Among royal jelly’s (RJ) various biological activities, its possible antitumour activity deserves particular attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of RJ, its bioactive component 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10- HDA), and human interferon-alpha (HuIFN-αN3) on the proliferation of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (CaCo- 2), and ascertain their effect on intracellular glutathione (GSH) level and lipid peroxidation. We studied the antiproliferative (AP) activity of RJ [(0.1 g/10 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS)], HuIFN-αN3 (1000 I.U. mL-1), 10-HDA at 100.0 μmol L-1, and their different combinations, in the ratio 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 on CaCo-2 cells. The GSH level was measured by glutathione assay. The lipid peroxidation was measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. Single RJ had a low AP activity: 2.0 (0.5 mg mL-1). HuIFN-αN3 had an AP activity of 2.5 (208.33 I.U. mL-1), while 10-HDA had an AP activity of 1.5 (37.5 μmol mL-1). The highest AP activity of 3.8 was obtained when RJ and HuIFN-αN3 were applied at the ratio 2:1. In that combination the level of GSH was 24.9±2.4 nmol g-3 of proteins (vs. 70.2±3.2 nmol g-3 in the control) and the level of MDA was 72.3±3.1 nmol g-3 (vs. 23.6±9.1 nmol g-3 in the control). It is generally assumed that 10-HDA, an important constituent of RJ, together with HuIFN-αN3, is responsible for the inhibition of CaCo-2 cells proliferation in vitro. In our study, however, RJ and HuIFN-αN3 applied at 2:1 decreased the level of GSH the most and significantly increased lipid peroxidation via MDA in CaCo-2 cells. Future studies should show whether these GSH- and MDA-related activities of RJ, HuIFN-αN3, 10-HDA, and their combinations may decrease the tumorigenicity index and tumorigenic potential of various tumour cells in vitro.
Major royal jelly proteins as markers of authenticity and quality of honey / Glavni proteini matične mliječi kao markeri izvornosti i kakvoće meda
Authors: Bilikova Katarina , Kristof Krakova Tatiana , Yamaguchi Kikuji , Yamaguchi Yoshihisa
Published: January 2016

Until now, the properties of honey have been defined based exclusively on the content of plant components in the nectar of given plant. We showed that apalbumin1, the major royal jelly (RJ) protein, is an authentic and regular component of honey. Apalbumin1 and other RJ proteins and peptides are responsible for the immunostimulatory properties and antibiotic activity of honey. For the quantification of apalbumin1, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal anti-apalbumin1 antibody. The method is suitable for honey authenticity determination; moreover it is useful for detection of the honey, honeybee pollen and RJ in products of medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, and food industry, where presences of these honeybee products are declared. Results from the analysis for presence and amount of apalbumin1 in honeys will be used for high-throughput screening of honey samples over the world. On the basis of our experiments which show that royal jelly proteins are regular and physiologically active components of honey we propose to change the definition of honey (according to the EU Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) as follows: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secretions of plants, or excretions of plant sucking insects, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with major royal jelly proteins and other specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature.
The first detection of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from the lowland European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
Authors: Biernat Beata , Karbowiak Grzegorz , Stańczak Joanna , Masny Aleksander , Werszko Joanna
Published: January 2016

Tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a potentially fatal neurological infection. The disease is endemic in a large region in Eurasia, where is transmitted mainly by hard ticks: Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus. It is known that also Dermacentor reticulatus is involved in a circulation of TBEV, but the knowledge of its importance in the TBE epidemiology is still insufficient. The Białowieża Primeval Forest is located in eastern Poland and it is a well-known endemic focus of tick-borne encephalitis. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus), an important host of hard ticks in the Białowieża Primeval Forest. In the years 2008-2009, a total of 114 adult D. reticulatus ticks were collected from 7 European bison and examined individually for the presence of TBEV RNA using nested RT-PCR assay. Positive results were noted in 18.42% of ticks. This is the first record of TBEV infection in ticks collected from European bison.
Occurrence and morphogenetic characteristics of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from a rainbow trout farm (Lake Ladoga, Russia)
Authors: Ieshko Evgeny , Barskaya Yulia , Parshukov Aleksey , Lumme Jaakko , Khlunov Oleg
Published: January 2016

Gyrodactylus parasite infected juveniles on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) from a fish farm in Lake Ladoga were investigated. The observed cases of infection in fish featured a high prevalence, when almost all of the fish were infected. However, if an outbreak of the monogenean infection is observed in spring, the intensity of the infection may be low, and when the infection occurs in the ice-covered period (late autumn - winter), the number of parasites on the fins of a single fish may exceed 3000 specimens. Molecular identification of the parasite demonstrated that the infecting clone was identical with rainbow trout specific strain of Gyrodactylus salaris RBT widely spread in Northern Europe, but a small proportion of the parasites were the hybrid clone Gyrodactylus pomeraniae x G. lavareti. Morphological variations of hooks and other opisthaptor parts in the monogenean Gyrodactylus depending on the intensity of infection in rainbow trout were demonstrated.
Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on cichlids from northern Brazil, with description of two new species of Sciadicleithrum and new host and geographical records
Authors: Paschoal Fabiano , Scholz Tomáš , Tavares-Dias Marcos , Luque José L.
Published: January 2016

Two new species of Sciadicleithrum Kritsky, Thatcher and Boeger, 1989 are described from two cichlids from the Araguarí River, State of Amapá, northern Brazil. Sciadicleithrum edgari n. sp. from Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) differs from all congeneric species in the morphology (hook-shaped, with middle process and distally bifurcate) of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ (MCO). Sciadiclethrum araguariensis n. sp. from Crenicichla labrina (Spix and Agassiz, 1831) can be distinguished from all other species by a Y-shaped accessory piece of MCO. In addition to the description of two new species, new host and geographical records of six dactylogyrid monogeneans from cichlid fishes are presented.
Cystic echinococcosis in Southern Israel
Authors: Ben-Shimol Shalom , Sagi Orli , Houri Ohad , Bazarsky Elina , Berkowitz Anat , Bulkowstein Shlomi , Barrett Chiya , Greenberg David
Published: January 2016

The aim of this retrospective, population-based study was to characterize demographically and clinically cystic-echinococcosis (CE) in southern Israel, between 2005 and 2012. Newly-diagnosed (nd-CE) and past-diagnosed (pd-CE, diagnosed before the study) cases were defined. Two populations live in southern-Israel, receiving medical treatment at a single hospital: the Jewish and the Bedouin populations (resembling resource-rich and resource-poor populations, respectively). 126 CE cases were identified; 55 nd-CE and 71 pd-CE. Mean annual nd-CE incidence per 100,000 in the Bedouin and Jewish populations were 2.7 ± 1.2 and 0.4 ± 0.3, respectively (P<0.001). None of the Bedouin and 86.5% of the Jewish patients were born outside Israel. Liver and lung involvement were recorded in 85.7% and 15.1% of overall-CE, respectively. Abdominal pain, cough, fever, eosinophilia and asymptomatic disease were documented in 63.6%, 32.7%, 27.3%, 41.5% and 12.7% of nd-CE, respectively. Serology sensitivity for first test and any positive test were 67.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Computed tomography, ultrasonography and X-ray diagnosis were documented in 79.2%, 58.4% and 17.0% of overall-CE, respectively, with ultrasonography mainly used in liver-CE and X-ray in lung-CE. Treatment included surgery and albendazole in 50.0% and 55.3% of CE, respectively. We conclude that CE is endemic in southern-Israel among the Bedouin population, while disease is probably mainly imported in the Jewish population. Liver involvement and eosinophilia rates were high compared with those of other endemic regions, possibly due to differences in the timing of diagnosis. These findings may help developing treatment and prevention strategies.
On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Kučera Peter
Published: January 2016

According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.
Relativistic Rotating Boltzmann Gas Using the Tetrad Formalism
Authors: Ambrus Victor E. , Blaga Robert
Published: January 2016

We consider an application of the tetrad formalism introduced by Cardall et al. [Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 023011] to the problem of a rigidly rotating relativistic gas in thermal equilibrium and discuss the possible applications of this formalism to rel- ativistic lattice Boltzmann simulations. We present in detail the transformation to the comoving frame, the choice of tetrad, as well as the explicit calculation and analysis of the components of the equilibrium particle ow four-vector and of the equilibrium stress-energy tensor.
Transcriptional immunoresponse of tissue-specific macrophages in swine after infection with African swine fever virus
Authors: Kowalczyk Andrzej , Kozak Edyta , Łyjak Magdalena , Pejsak Zygmunt , Niemczuk Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

Macrophages and cytokines are important in the control of inflammation and regulation of the immune response. However, they can also contribute to immunopathology in the host after viral infection and the regulatory network can be subverted by infectious agents, including viruses, some of which produce cytokine analogues or have mechanisms that inhibit cytokine function. African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes a number of proteins which modulate cytokine and chemokine induction, host transcription factor activation, stress responses, and apoptosis. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms of immune responses to ASFV in different subpopulations of porcine macrophages. A transcriptional immune response in different resident tissue macrophages following ASFV infection was presented in many publications. ASFV-susceptible porcine macrophages can be of several origins, such as peripheral blood, lungs, bone marrow, etc. blood monocytes, blood macrophages, and lung macrophages have demonstrated a modulation of phenotype. Monocyte-derived macrophages could express surface markers not found on their monocyte precursors. Moreover, they can undergo further differentiation after infection and during inflammation. When viruses infect such cells, immunological activity can be seriously impaired or modified.
Genetic diversity of the long terminal repeat of bovine leukaemia virus field isolates
Authors: Pluta Aneta , Rola-Łuszczak Marzena , Olech Monika , Kuźmak Jacek
Published: January 2016

In this study the sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of field isolates of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were analysed. These isolates came from emerging cases of BLV infection in cattle from herds having BLV-free status. We found several sequence variations within regulatory motifs in the LTRs like GRE, DAS and interferon binding site. These mutations can possibly affect transcriptional activity of the virus, leading to its silencing.
Real-time replication of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) in cell culture systems in vitro
Authors: Paprocka Grażyna , Kęsy Andrzej
Published: January 2016

A swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) replication assay in IB-RS-2, SK-6, and PK-15 cell cultures was performed using the xCELLigence system. The cell status was monitored by impedance measurement, expressed as cell index (CI). Proliferation of particular cells was examined at the beginning of the study. The cells exhibited the ability to form a monolayer, and the CI values increased with the cell culture growth. After about 23 h and while still in the growth phase, the cells were infected with decimal virus dilutions (10-1-10-6) containing from 100 000 to 1 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50). SVDV replication in cell cultures induced a change in cell index; together with the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE), the CI values declined. A significant correlation between the concentration of the virus used and CPE occurrence was found. The results also enabled determination of cell sensitivity to SVDV infection. The highest sensitivity was exhibited by IB-RS-2, followed by SK-6. To conclude, the xCELLigence System was used effectively and evaluated as being an efficient tool for CPE detection and SVDV replication analysis in cell cultures. Compared to the standard method , it enabled a more precise assessment of viral replication based on the quantitative CI measurement, providing additional current information.
Prevalence of bovine herpes virus type 1 in small herds of young beef cattle in south-eastern Poland – a preliminary study
Authors: Wernicki Andrzej , Urban-Chmiel Renata , Rola Jerzy , Socha Wojciech , Stęgierska Diana , Dec Marta , Puchalski Andrzej
Published: January 2016

The study was performed on nasal swabs, tracheal samples, and sera obtained from young beef heifers aged between 6 and 12 months, from farms in eastern and south-eastern Poland. The samples were evaluated using bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) ELISA kits (ELISA BHV1 antibody and ELISA BHV1 antigen) and PCR. Among all the animals examined, 37 (32.2%) were positive in the ELISA BHV1 antigen test. The presence of BHV-1 was confirmed by PCR in 42 (36.5%) animals. In the ELISA BHV1 antibody test, 39 (33.9%) seropositive animals were identified. The presence of BHV-1 positive samples was observed in all the examined breeds of young cattle. There were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in BHV-1 positive samples. The results indicate that the incidence of BHV-1 infections in feedlot cattle herds studied was 32.2%-36.5%, which suggests that preventive measures should be implemented in order to limit transmission of the virus.
Experimental infection with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)
Authors: Borzym Ewa , Maj-Paluch Joanna
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was the determination of the susceptibility of Polish farmed redfin perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) to experimental infection with haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV). A bath challenge model was tested at two temperature ranges: 13-15°C and 20-22°C. After 7 d, the first clinical signs and mortality were observed in fish kept at these temperatures. Significantly more mortality cases were reported in the redfin perch population, reaching a maximum of 24% compared with 12% in the rainbow trout group at 20-22°C. EHNV was reisolated from redfin perch and rainbow trout tissue in cell culture and the infection was confirmed by a molecular method and histopathology during the duration of the experiment. This study revealed that fish from Polish farms can be susceptible to EHNV even at lower temperatures.
Characteristics, immunological events, and diagnostics of Babesia spp. infection, with emphasis on Babesia canis
Authors: Kostro Krzysztof , Stojecki Krzysztof , Grzybek Maciej , Tomczuk Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

Vector-borne infection constitutes a significant health issue in dogs worldwide. Recent reports point to an increasing number of canine vector-borne disease cases in European countries, including Poland. Canine babesiosis caused by various Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and significant veterinary importance. The development and application of molecular methods have increased our knowledge about canine babesiosis, its prevalence, and clinical and pathological aspects of the infection. Parasitologists and veterinary surgeons need an accurate description of the species responsible for canine babesiosis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic methods, as well as predictions for the course of the disease. Therefore, we decided to summarise recent knowledge concerning Babesia species and B. canis.
Efficiency of modified therapeutic protocol in the treatment of some varieties of canine cardiovascular dirofilariasis
Authors: Stepanović  , Ilić Tamara , Krstić Nikola , Dimitrijević Sanda
Published: January 2016

The paper presents clinical diagnostic approaches and therapeutic effects of a specific protocol for the treatment of dogs with cardiovascular dirofilariasis in the Belgrade City (Serbia) territory. The study involved 50 privately owned dogs of different breeds, gender, and age, all showing signs of cardio - respiratory disorders. In addition to a general physical examination, blood tests were done to detect microfilaria and adult forms, and X-ray, ECG, and echocardiography were performed as well. At the first examination, 34 out of 50 examined dogs were positive for microfilaria and adult forms. Because of a lack of drug used as „the golden standard“ in dirofilariasis treatment, it involved a combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg) and ivermectin (6 μg/kg) supported with Advocate - Bayer spot-on. After six months, the first control was performed while continuing treatment with the aforesaid protocol, and the second control was performed after 12 months. Of the 34 treated dogs, all were negative for microfilaria, as early as after the first six months of the treatment (100%). One dog was positive for adult forms of the parasite after six and 12 months. In echocardiography and X-ray examination after 12 months, six dogs showed evident chronic changes. At controls conducted at sixth month and at one year, the implemented therapy was successful in 97.05% (33/34) of primarily infected dogs.