bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“O combatente melhor alimentado da europa”: a alimentação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira e a aliança brasil-EUA durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1943-1945)
Authors: Oliveira Dennison
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2015v22n34p116Este texto se dedica a história da alimentação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira durante a Campanha da Itália na Segunda Guerra Mundial. São examinados tópicos como as negociações militares entre autoridades estadunidenses e brasileiras sobre o fornecimento de comida à FEB; as implicações do abastecimento de gêneros alimentícios de origem estadunidense e brasileira; a reação dos militares brasileiros aos alimentos que lhe foram fornecidos além mar; e a dieta mista adotada na prática pelas autoridades militares brasileiras. A pesquisa foi extensivamente baseada em memórias e relatos de veteranos de guerra, bem como a consulta a acervos documentais nacionais estrangeiros até aqui inéditos. .
TRAVESTILIDADES E DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA. APONTAMENTOS DE UMA PESQUISA.
Authors: Lopes Fábio Henrique
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n35p145A ditadura civil-militar brasileira possui uma vasta produção historiográfica. Contudo, as específicas e históricas experiências que forjaram e possibilitaram a constituição da travestilidade e das subjetividades travestis naquele período, 1964-1985, ainda carecem de estudos e reflexões. O  entrecruzamento das históricas travestilidades, com os inúmeros casos de violências, repressão e censura podem evidenciar e oferecer para estudo ações da repressão política-moral-policial ainda não focalizadas. O objetivo central é oferecer apontamentos e pistas iniciais para o debate em torno das violências praticadas durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira, destacando sua dimensão machista, misógina, homofóbica e heteronormativa, que diversificaram projetos e ações, ora homogeneizando e agrupando todos e todas em um mesmo conjunto, os considerados “opositores políticos ao regime”, ora segmentando, imprimindo nuances nas perseguições, repressão, práticas e formas de violência dirigida às travestis.
“O fenômeno Roberta Close” e as “sexualidades periféricas”
Authors: Veras Elias Ferreira
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n35p168Em maio de 1984 Roberta Close foi fotografada para a revista Playboy. As fotos de uma transexual nua, em uma revista masculina de circulação nacional, causaram uma comoção erótica no Brasil. Neste artigo, parto do “fenômeno Roberta Close”, como ficou conhecida a repercussão emtorno da aparição da modelo na revista, para problematizar as “sexualidades periféricas” no centro da cena público-midiática em Fortaleza (CE), na década de 1980. Por meio da análise da Playboy e dos jornais O Povo e Diário do Nordeste, estes últimos produzidos na capital cearense, aponto que, o “fenômeno Roberta Close” contribuiu para reorganizar antigas noções acerca das experiências trans (travesti e transexual) na medida em que, através das controvérsias em torno de Roberta Close, a questão trans, e de modo geral, a homossexual, ultrapassou os espaços privados, temporários e periféricos do carnaval, teatro e boate, invadindo o centro da cena público-midiática
“Trans-historizar” o espaço público dentro e fora da academia: Desafios para a historiografia e para o feminismo?
Authors: Veiga Ana Maria , Guzzo Morgani
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n35p182Embora ainda lidem quotidianamente com preconceitos e com visões estereotipadas que os reforçam, homossexuais e pessoas trans implodem, por fim, o “muro” de isolamento que os afastava do convívio social, ganhando as ruas, os cinemas, os mercados alternativo e formal de trabalho, chegando às universidades, como estudantes, professoras ou professores e aos cargos públicos, como os legislativos ou as representações de conselhos e associações. O que parecia ser irremediavelmente abjeto agora afasta-se do espaço habitual das margens. Para o debate, traremos alguns casos de pessoas trans como professoras/es e estudantes e da formação de coletivos que agregam sujeitos em situação de margem dentro de universidades. Abordaremos também a entrada na vida pública, na última década, quando passam a ser eleitos ou eleitas para cargos políticos e aparecem como representantes populares, assumindo posições de liderança. Pensando a trajetória entre a abjeção e o protagonismo, buscaremos nos aproximar da transformação ocorrida na autoestima de não-sujeitos que passaram a “acontecer” no mundo e a existir dentro de outra gama de possibilidades. Entendemos o fenômeno trans dos anos 2000 e 2010 como um acontecimento. Como se deram esses movimentos e como ocorre o empoderamento de sujeitos em situação de margem, é o que este artigo pretende discutir.
Quando Clio encontra Hermafrodito e Tirésias, mas Narciso está no caminho: Reflexões a partir de história oral em ministérios de “cura” de travestis
Authors: Maranhão Filho Eduardo Meinberg de Albuquerque
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n35p210Apresento, neste texto, algumas reflexões epistemológicas / teóricas / metodológicas acerca dos desafios e riscos de uma pesquisa feita por quem é pesquisadorx e ao mesmo tempo, nativx da pesquisa. Este artigo se fundamenta em minha tese de doutorado, em que pesquisei, através de etnografia e história oral, o que pessoas transgêneras, ex-transgêneras e em outras situações nãocisgêneras faziam com o que determinados discursos religiosos (principalmente de igrejas inclusivas e de missões de “cura e libertação” de travestis faziam (ou procuravam fazer) delas.
História das emoções, epistolografia e homossexualidades no Brasil: “(...) vocês falam pela minha garganta muda”
Authors: Maior Junior Paulo Roberto Souto
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n35p229Este artigo objetiva discutir a temática do assumir-se homossexual nas cartas de leitor presentes no jornal Lampião da Esquina (1978-1981), distribuído nacionalmente durante sua produção. Dentre os vários temas que constituíram essa documentação epistolar, elejo a preocupação com a visibilidade pela sua frequência tanto na seção, como nas demais matérias veiculadas no periódico. Portanto, escrevo uma história das emoções em torno do binômio calar ou falar a homossexualidade no Brasil entre as décadas de 1970-80.
The Indonesian Coup and Mass Killings, 1965-1967: A Reconceptualization of the Infuence of the Cold War
Authors: Keys Angela , Cottle Drew
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n36p334This article explores how the local situation – politically, economically and socially – contributed to the occurrence in Indonesia of two crucial and interlinked Cold War events, the Indonesian coup and massacre. The article explains how an Indonesian army general, Suharto, was able to utilise Cold War narratives to instigate anti-communist fervour, which resulted in the massacre of more than half a million alleged communists.  Suharto was able to gradually usurp power and eventually replace Sukarno as the president of Indonesia.  It is argued that the convergence of domestic factors was critical to these events, which can be understood as a localised Cold War.
Imperialismo e anti-imperialismo, comunismo e anticomunismo durante a Guerra Fria
Authors: Munhoz Sidnei
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n36p452Os confitos ocorridos durante o período da Guerra Fria estavam inseridos em uma complexa teia em que se entremeavam os interesses geopolíticos das duas superpotências mundiais e dos seus respectivos blocos, as rivalidades existentes no interior de cada um desses campos, as disputas entre os parceiros menores em busca da consolidação de hegemonias regionais e as tensões existentes em cada uma dessas sociedades. Por fm, a emergência de dezenas de novas nações provenientes das lutas anticoloniais infuenciou as relações internacionais e impactou os projetos de ordem global das potências dominantes. Nesse contexto, ocorreram muitas guerras regionais, revoluções e golpes militares no então denominado Terceiro Mundo. Nesses confitos, mais de vinte milhões de pessoas perderam a vida. O cuidadoso exame desse processo de modo mais detalhado aponta os limites dos modelos de análise centrados apenas na visão de um mundo bipolar.
Fritz Müller, o naturalista darwinista do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Souza Flavia Pacheco Alves de , Dos Santos Oliveira Kamensky Andrea Paula
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2016v23n36p470Fritz Müller (1822-1897), naturalista alemão residente no Brasil do século XIX, contribuiu com as ciências biológicas com mais de 264 artigos científicos. Foi naturalista viajante do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro por quinze anos (1876-1891), período em que publicou treze artigos no periódico da Instituição. Este trabalho analisa o período em que Müller foi naturalista do Museu, e em particular, sua amizade com Charles Darwin (1809-1882); visto que, de um simples correspondente e coadjuvante defensor das ideias darwinianas, Müller pode ser compreendido como um pesquisador que, em parceria com Darwin e em diálogo frequente com o estudioso inglês, contribuiu para estabelecer o conjunto das teorias de evolução no século XIX.
Big Push e investimentos fixos públicos no Brasil: um balanço da primeira década dos anos 2000
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre Silva
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8085.2015v18n2p1O trabalho apresenta uma extensão de inspiração keynesiana ao modelo de big push de Rosenstein Rodan, que focaliza o papel dos investimentos fixos públicos como importante fator de estímulo aos investimentos privados, com um choque exógeno para o crescimento econômico. Este arcabouço teórico é o pano de fundo para uma análise da importância dos investimentos fixos públicos no Brasil nos anos 2000, inclusive com comparações com décadas anteriores. A principal conclusão é que o Estado brasileiro, historicamente, desempenha um papel de coordenação de importantes investimentos fixos como, por exemplo, em infraestrutura, o que é fundamental para induzir o crescimento econômico de longo prazo da economia brasileira. Nesse sentido, são apresentados e discutidos dados dos investimentos fixos no Brasil, de fontes nacionais e internacionais.
Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization/Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Case studies
Authors: Hofer Julian , Althausen Dietrich , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Makhmudov Abduvosit N. , Nazarov Bakhron I. , Schettler Georg , Engelmann Ronny , Baars Holger , Fomba K. Wadinga , Müller Konrad , Heinold Bernd , Kandler Konrad , Ansmann Albert
Published: July 2017

Abstract. For the first time, continuous vertically resolved aerosol measurements were performed by lidar in Tajikistan, Central Asia. Observations with the multiwavelength polarization/Raman lidar PollyXT were conducted during CADEX (Central Asian Dust EXperiment) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, from March 2015 to August 2016. Co-located with the lidar a sun photometer was operated. The goal of CADEX is to provide an unprecedented data set on vertically resolved aerosol optical properties in Central Asia, an area highly affected by climate change but largely missing vertically resolved aerosol measurements. During the 18-months measurement campaign, mineral dust was detected frequently from ground to cirrus level height. In this study, an overview of the measurement period is given and four typical but different example measurement cases are discussed in detail. Three of them are dust cases and one is a contrasting pollution aerosol case. Vertical profiles of the measured optical properties and the calculated dust and non-dust mass concentrations are presented. Dust source regions were identified by means of backward trajectory analyses. A lofted layer of Middle Eastern dust with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.4 and an extinction-related Ångström exponent of 0.41 was measured. In comparison, two near-ground dust cases have Central Asian sources. One is an extreme dust event with an AOT of 1.5 and Ångström exponent of 0.12 and the other one is a most extreme dust event with an AOT of above 4 (measured by sun photometer) and an Ångström exponent of −0.08. The observed lidar ratios (particle linear depolarization ratios) in the presented dust cases range from 40.3 sr to 46.9 sr (0.18–0.29) at 355 nm and from 35.7 sr to 42.9 sr (0.31–0.35) at 532 nm wavelength. The particle linear depolarization ratios indicate almost unpolluted dust in the case of a lofted dust layer and pure dust in the near-ground dust cases. The lidar ratio values are lower than typical lidar ratio values for Saharan dust (50–60 sr) and comparable to Middle Eastern/West-Asian dust lidar ratios (35–45 sr). In contrast, the presented case of pollution aerosol of local origin has an Ångström exponent of 2.07 and a lidar ratio (particle linear depolarization ratio) of 55.8 sr (0.03) at 355 nm and 32.8 sr (0.08) at 532 nm wavelength.
Coupling of organic and inorganic aerosol systems and the effect on gas-particle partitioning in the southeastern United States
Authors: Pye Havala O. T. , Zuend Andreas , Fry Juliane L. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Capps Shannon L. , Appel K. Wyat , Foroutan Hosein , Xu Lu , Ng Nga L. , Goldstein Allen H.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phase for conditions in the southeastern United States during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient although additional improvements in terms of estimating pure-species vapor pressures are needed. Thermodynamic model predictions were consistent, to first order, with a molar ratio of ammonium to sulfate of approximately 1.6 to 1.8 (Ratio of ammonium to 2 × sulfate, RN/2S ≈ 0.8 to 0.9) with approximately 70 % of total ammonia and ammonium (NHx) in the particle. Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) network gas and aerosol and Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) Monitor for Aerosols and Gases in Air (MARGA) aerosol measurements were consistent with these conditions. CMAQv5.2 regional chemical transport model predictions did not reflect these conditions due to biases in the nonvolatile cations that resulted from either overestimated emissions and/or underestimated mixing. In addition, gas-phase ammonia was overestimated in the CMAQ model leading to an even lower fraction of total ammonia in the particle. Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurements indicated less ammonium per sulfate than SEARCH and MARGA measurements and were inconsistent with thermodynamic model predictions. Organic compounds were predicted to be present to some extent in the same phase as inorganic constituents, modifying their activity and resulting in a decrease in [H+]air (H+ in μg m−3 air), increase in ammonia partitioning to the gas phase, and increase in pH compared to complete organic vs. inorganic liquid-liquid phase separation. In addition, accounting for non-ideal mixing modified the pH such that a fully interactive inorganic-organic system had a pH roughly 0.7 units higher than predicted by traditional methods (pH = 1.5 vs. 0.7). Particle-phase interactions of organic and inorganic compounds were found to increase partitioning towards the particle phase (vs. gas phase) for highly oxygenated (O : C ≥ 0.6) compounds including several isoprene-derived tracers as well as levoglucosan, but decrease particle-phase partitioning for low O : C, monoterpene-derived species.
An assessment of the impact of ATMS and CrIS data assimilation on precipitation prediction over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xue Tong , Xu Jianjun , Guan Zhaoyong , Chen Han-Ching , Chiu Long S. , Shao Min
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system and the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) regional model, the impact of assimilating Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) satellite data on precipitation prediction over the Tibetan Plateau in July 2015 was evaluated. Four experiments were designed: a control experiment and three data assimilation experiments with different data sets injected: conventional data only, a combination of conventional and ATMS satellite data, and a combination of conventional and CrIS satellite data. The results showed that the monthly mean of precipitation is shifted northward in the simulations and showed an orographic bias described as an overestimation upwind of the mountains and an underestimation in the south of the rain belt. The rain shadow mainly influenced prediction of the quantity of precipitation, although the main rainfall pattern was well simulated. For the first 24 h and last 24 h of accumulated daily precipitation, the model generally overestimated the amount of precipitation, but it was underestimated in the heavy-rainfall periods of 3–5, 13–16, and 22–25 July. The observed water vapor conveyance from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau was larger than in the model simulations, which induced inaccuracies in the forecast of heavy rain on 3–5 July. The data assimilation experiments, particularly the ATMS assimilation, were closer to the observations for the heavy-rainfall process than the control. Overall, based on the experiments in July 2015, the satellite data assimilation improved to some extent the prediction of the precipitation pattern over the Tibetan Plateau, although the simulation of the rain belt without data assimilation shows the regional shifting.
Reviews and syntheses: Systematic Earth observations for use in terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation systems
Authors: Scholze Marko , Buchwitz Michael , Dorigo Wouter , Guanter Luis , Quegan Shaun
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The global carbon cycle is an important component of the Earth system and it interacts with the hydrology, energy and nutrient cycles as well as ecosystem dynamics. A better understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for improved projections of climate change including corresponding changes in water and food resources and for the verification of measures to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. An improved understanding of the carbon cycle can be achieved by data assimilation systems, which integrate observations relevant to the carbon cycle into coupled carbon, water, energy and nutrient models. Hence, the ingredients for such systems are a carbon cycle model, an algorithm for the assimilation and systematic and well error-characterised observations relevant to the carbon cycle. Relevant observations for assimilation include various in situ measurements in the atmosphere (e.g. concentrations of CO2 and other gases) and on land (e.g. fluxes of carbon water and energy, carbon stocks) as well as remote sensing observations (e.g. atmospheric composition, vegetation and surface properties).We briefly review the different existing data assimilation techniques and contrast them to model benchmarking and evaluation efforts (which also rely on observations). A common requirement for all assimilation techniques is a full description of the observational data properties. Uncertainty estimates of the observations are as important as the observations themselves because they similarly determine the outcome of such assimilation systems. Hence, this article reviews the requirements of data assimilation systems on observations and provides a non-exhaustive overview of current observations and their uncertainties for use in terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation. We report on progress since the review of model-data synthesis in terrestrial carbon observations by Raupach et al.(2005), emphasising the rapid advance in relevant space-based observations.
Comparing soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching under extreme precipitation events in arid and semi-arid grasslands
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Liang , Feng Xiaojuan , Zhang Jinbo , Ma Tian , Wang Xin , Liu Zongguang
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Respiration and leaching are two main processes responsible for soil carbon loss. While the former has received considerable research attention, studies examining leaching processes are limited especially in semiarid grasslands due to low precipitation. Climate change may increase the extreme precipitation event (EPE) frequency in arid and semiarid regions, potentially enhancing soil carbon loss through leaching and respiration. Here we incubated soil columns of three typical grassland soils from Inner Mongolia and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and examined the effect of simulated EPEs on soil carbon loss through respiration and leaching. EPEs induced transient increase of soil respiration, equivalent to 32 % and 72 % of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the temperate grasslands (Xilinhot and Keqi) and 7 % in the alpine grasslands (Gangcha). By comparison, leaching loss of soil carbon accounted for 290 %, 120 % and 15 % of NEP at the corresponding sites, respectively, with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as the main form of carbon loss in the alkaline soils. Moreover, DIC loss increased with re-occuring EPEs in the soil with the highest pH due to increased dissolution of soil carbonates and elevated contribution of dissolved CO2 from organic carbon degradation (indicated by DIC-δ13C). These results highlight that leaching loss of soil carbon (particularly DIC) is important in the regional carbon budget of arid and semiarid grasslands. With a projected increase of EPEs under climate change, soil carbon leaching processes and its influencing factors warrant better understanding and should be incorporated into soil carbon models when estimating carbon balance in grassland ecosystems.
Virus mediated transfer of nitrogen from heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton
Authors: Shelford Emma J. , Suttle Curtis A.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Lytic infection of bacteria by viruses releases nutrients during cell lysis and stimulates the growth of primary producers, but the path by which these nutrients flow from lysates to primary producers has not been traced. This study examines the remineralisation of nitrogen (N) from bacterial lysates by heterotrophic bacteria and its transfer to primary producers. In laboratory trials, Vibrio sp. strain PWH3a was infected with a lytic virus (PWH3a-P1) and the resulting 36.0 μM of dissolved organic N (DON) in the lysate was added to cultures containing cyanobacteria (Synechococcus sp. strain DC2), and a natural bacterial assemblage. Based on the increase in cyanobacteria, 74 % (26.5 μM N) of the DON in the lysate was remineralised and taken up by Synechococcus sp. strain DC2 cells. Lysate from Vibrio sp. strain PWH3a labeled with 15NH4+ was also added to seawater containing natural microbial communities, and in four field experiments, stable isotope analysis indicated that the uptake of labeled N was 0.09 to 0.70 μmol N per μg of chlorophyll a. The results from these experiments demonstrate that DON from bacterial lysate can be efficiently remineralised and transferred to phytoplankton, and provides further evidence that the viral shunt is an important link in nitrogen recycling in aquatic systems.
Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO2 emissions
Authors: Hansen James , Sato Makiko , Kharecha Pushker , von Schuckmann Karina , Beerling David J. , Cao Junji , Marcott Shaun , Masson-Delmotte Valerie , Prather Michael J. , Rohling Eelco J. , Shakun Jeremy , Smith Pete , Lacis Andrew , Russell Gary , Ruedy Reto
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Global temperature is a fundamental climate metric highly correlated with sea level, which implies that keeping shorelines near their present location requires keeping global temperature within or close to its preindustrial Holocene range. However, global temperature excluding short-term variability now exceeds +1 °C relative to the 1880–1920 mean and annual 2016 global temperature was almost +1.3 °C. We show that global temperature has risen well out of the Holocene range and Earth is now as warm as it was during the prior (Eemian) interglacial period, when sea level reached 6–9 m higher than today. Further, Earth is out of energy balance with present atmospheric composition, implying that more warming is in the pipeline, and we show that the growth rate of greenhouse gas climate forcing has accelerated markedly in the past decade. The rapidity of ice sheet and sea level response to global temperature is difficult to predict, but is dependent on the magnitude of warming. Targets for limiting global warming thus, at minimum, should aim to avoid leaving global temperature at Eemian or higher levels for centuries. Such targets now require negative emissions, i.e., extraction of CO2 from the air. If phasedown of fossil fuel emissions begins soon, improved agricultural and forestry practices, including reforestation and steps to improve soil fertility and increase its carbon content, may provide much of the necessary CO2 extraction. In that case, the magnitude and duration of global temperature excursion above the natural range of the current interglacial (Holocene) could be limited and irreversible climate impacts could be minimized. In contrast, continued high fossil fuel emissions today place a burden on young people to undertake massive technological CO2 extraction if they are to limit climate change and its consequences. Proposed methods of extraction such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) or air capture of CO2 have minimal estimated costs of USD 89–535 trillion this century and also have large risks and uncertain feasibility. Continued high fossil fuel emissions unarguably sentences young people to either a massive, implausible cleanup or growing deleterious climate impacts or both.
Vista-LA: Mapping methane emitting infrastructure in the Los
Angeles megacity
Authors: Carranza Valerie , Rafiq Talha , Frausto-Vicencio Isis , Hopkins Francesca , Verhulst Kristal R. , Rao Preeti , Duren Riley , Miller Charles
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and a critical target of climate mitigation efforts. However, actionable emission reduction efforts are complicated by large uncertainties in the methane budget at relevant scales. Here, we present Vista, a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based approach to map potential methane emissions sources in greater Los Angeles, an area with a dense, complex mixture of sources. The goal of this work is to provide a database that, together with atmospheric observations, improves methane emissions estimates in urban areas with complex infrastructure. We aggregated methane source location information into three sectors (energy, agriculture, and waste) following the frameworks used by the State of California GHG Inventory and the IPCC Guidelines for GHG Reporting. Geospatial modelling was applied to publicly available datasets to precisely geolocate facilities and infrastructure comprising major anthropogenic methane source sectors. The final database, Vista-Los Angeles (LA), is presented as maps of infrastructure known or expected to emit methane. Vista-LA contains over 33,000 features concentrated on <1% of land area in the region. Currently, Vista-LA is used as a planning and analysis tool for atmospheric measurement surveys of methane sources, particularly for airborne remote sensing, and methane “hot-spot” detection using regional observations. This study represents a first step towards developing an accurate, spatially-resolved methane flux estimate for point sources in California’s South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB), with the potential to address discrepancies between bottom-up and top-down methane emissions accounting. The final Vista-LA datasets and associated metadata have been submitted to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center for Biogeochemical Dynamics (ORNL DAAC; https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1525).
The GIK-Archive of sediment radiography
Authors: Grobe Hannes , Winn Kyaw , Werner Friedrich , Driemel Amelie , Schumacher Stefanie , Sieger Rainer
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The GIK-Archive of radiographs is a collection of X-ray negative images from sediment cores, prepared and exposed since the early 1960s. During four decades of marine geological work at the University of Kiel, Germany, some thousand hours of sampling, careful preparation and x-raying were spent to produce a unique archive of sediment 10 radiographs from several parts of the world ocean. The archive consists of more than 18 500 exposures on chemical film that were digitized, geo-referenced, supplemented with metadata and archived in the data library PANGAEA®. With this publication, the images become available in Open Access for use by the scientific community at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.854841.
The influence of turbulent bursting on sediment resuspension under unidirectional currents
Authors: Salim Sarik , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Tinoco Rafael , Coco Giovanni , Hetzel Yasha , Wijeratne Sarath , Jayaratne Ravindra
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an open channel flume with a flat sandy bed to examine the role of turbulence on sediment resuspension. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components and acoustic backscatter as a proxy to suspended sediment concentration. Estimates of sediment transport assume that there is a mean critical velocity that needs to be exceeded before sediment transport is initiated. This approach does not consider the turbulent flow field that may initiate sediment resuspension through event-based processes such as the bursting phenomenon. In this paper, laboratory measurements were used to examine the sediment resuspension processes below and above the mean critical velocity. The results within a range above and below the measured mean critical velocity suggested that (1) the contribution of turbulent bursting events remained identical in both experimental conditions, (2) ejection and sweep events contributed more to the total sediment flux than up-acceleration and down-deceleration events, and (3) wavelet transform revealed a correlation between the momentum and sediment flux in both test conditions. Such similarities in conditions above and below the measured mean critical velocity highlight the need to re-evaluate the accuracy of a single time-averaged mean critical velocity for the initiation of sediment entrainment.
Compiled records of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO2 for historical simulations in CMIP6
Authors: Graven Heather , Allison Colin E. , Etheridge David M. , Hammer Samuel , Keeling Ralph F. , Levin Ingeborg , Meijer Harro A. J. , Rubino Mauro , Tans Pieter P. , Trudinger Cathy M. , Vaughn Bruce H. , White James W. C.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The isotopic composition of carbon (Δ14C and δ13C) in atmospheric CO2 and in oceanic and terrestrial carbon reservoirs is influenced by anthropogenic emissions and by natural carbon exchanges, which can respond to and drive changes in climate. Simulations of 14C and 13C in the ocean and terrestrial components of Earth System Models (ESMs) present opportunities for model evaluation and for investigation of carbon cycling, including anthropogenic CO2 emissions and uptake. The use of carbon isotopes in novel evaluation of the ESMs' component ocean and terrestrial biosphere models and in new analyses of historical changes may improve predictions of future changes in the carbon cycle and climate system. We compile existing data to produce records of Δ14C and δ13C in atmospheric CO2 for the historical period 1850–2015. The primary motivation for this compilation is to provide the atmospheric boundary condition for historical simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) for models simulating carbon isotopes in their ocean or terrestrial biosphere models. The data may also be useful for other carbon cycle modelling activities.
Controllability, not chaos, key criterion for ocean state estimation
Authors: Gebbie Geoffrey , Hsieh Tsung-Lin
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Lagrange multiplier method for combining observations and models (i.e., the adjoint method or 4D-VAR) has been avoided or approximated when the numerical model is highly nonlinear or chaotic. This approach has been adopted primarily due to difficulties in the initialization of low-dimensional chaotic models, where the search for optimal initial conditions by gradient-descent algorithms is hampered by multiple local minima. Although initialization is an important task for numerical weather prediction, ocean state estimation usually demands an additional task – a solution of the time-dependent surface boundary conditions that result from atmosphere–ocean interaction. Here, we apply the Lagrange multiplier method to an analogous boundary control problem, tracking the trajectory of the forced chaotic pendulum. Contrary to previous assertions, it is demonstrated that the Lagrange multiplier method can track multiple chaotic transitions through time, so long as the boundary conditions render the system controllable. Thus, the nonlinear timescale poses no limit to the time interval for successful Lagrange multiplier-based estimation. That the key criterion is controllability, not a pure measure of dynamical stability or chaos, illustrates the similarities between the Lagrange multiplier method and other state estimation methods. The results with the chaotic pendulum suggest that nonlinearity should not be a fundamental obstacle to ocean state estimation with eddy-resolving models, especially when using an improved first-guess trajectory.
Shakespeare en Diderot: una crítica del gusto neoclásico
Authors: Martín Olszevicki Nicolás
Published: July 2017

La recepción de la obra de Shakespeare en Francia en el siglo XVIII fue dificultosa debido a la influencia conjunta del neoclasicismo, los escritos de Voltaire y el concepto aristocrático de “bon goût”. No obstante, en este artículo, trazamos un recorrido por la obra de Denis Diderot, entre la Carta sobre los sordomudos y los Salones, para demostrar que la figura del bardo inglés, lejos de ser de importancia lateral, tiene una función central para su pensamiento estético. Su reformulación de la lógica teatral bajo un paradigma pictórico a partir de 1757  se encuentra condensada en un momento particular de la obra shakesperiana, que se convierte así en un exemplum del modo en que el drama debe funcionar cuando las reglas y el decoro comienzan a convertirse en obstáculos para cumplir con el doble objetivo de deleitar y educar al público.
Femme pécheresse: vices féminins dans "Le Mesnagier de Paris" (1393)
Authors: Bahíllo Sphonix-Rust Emma
Published: July 2017

Pendant la période médiévale il existe une pensée dominante considère la femme comme fille d’Ève. Pecheresse donc par excellence, elle devient la cible de nombre d’ouvrages qui cherchent à épargner toute la société des tourments dont on la soupçonne : il s’agit du courant didactique. Son aspect original est que les auteurs ne sont plus des religieux mais des laïcs. Parmi ces textes il en est un fort révélateur : Le Mesnagier de Paris. L’auteur est un vieux bourgeois parisien qui s’adresse à sa jeune épouse et lui prodigue des conseils pour qu’elle devienne l’épouse exemplaire aux yeux du monde. L’étude de ce texte pédagogique, et tout particulièrement de la partie consacrée aux vices féminins, nous permet d’approfondir nos connaissances sur l’image négative de la femme que l’on projetait à cette époque-là.
L'hybridité générique dans "L'Homme de la pampa" de Jules Supervielle
Authors: Feki Kamel
Published: July 2017

L’hésitation des critiques qui décrivent L’Homme de la pampa par diverses appellations génériques révèlent la présence de deux traits de séduction que sont la libération de l’imaginaire et l’écriture imagée, lesquels traits rattachent le roman de Supervielle au genre hybride du récit poétique. A cette hybridité générique de premier degré s’ajoute une autre de second degré, puisque l’œuvre est marquée par le croisement des genres du récit de rêves, du roman humoristique et parodique et du récit allégorique. Cette hybridité générique évoque l’avènement d’une œuvre originale qui se définit comme « une prose-poème » dans laquelle « prose et poésie ne font qu’un », ou encore comme « une fugue » caractérisée par une interpénétration entre les topoi de différents genres narratifs. Cette hybridité générique fait également de L’Homme de la pampa une œuvre ouverte et ambiguë qui exige du lecteur une écoute tendue et l’amène à repérer les signifiants qui rattachent l’histoire de Guanamiru à divers genres narratifs. La lecture apparaît ainsi comme une recréation de l’œuvre  où la tension du déchiffrement se mêle au plaisir de l’ordonnancement du sens, et le roman comme « un texte de plaisir » où « la confusion des langues n’est plus une punition », mais le gage du « plaisir de la lecture »
Micromorfologia e anatomia foliar de duas espécies de Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) de uso medicinal - Micromorphology and leaf anatomy of two species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) that have medicinal use
Authors: Aoyama Elisa Mitsuko , Indriunas Alexandre
Published: July 2017

No Brasil duas espécies do gênero Justicia são amplamente empregadas como medicinais: J. pectoralis Jacq., nativa da América Tropical e J. gendarussa Brum. f., asiática, ambas popularmente denominadas “anador”. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a micromorfologia das superfícies foliares e a anatomia foliar das espécies, visando reconhecer estruturas úteis nas suas delimitações. Para o estudo foram utilizadas folhas adultas, analisadas em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As espécies apresentam características distintivas principalmente o posicionamento dos estômatos (anfiestomático em J. pectoralis e hipoestomático em J. gendarussa), a presença conspícua de estômatos anormais em J. gendarussa; a presença de tricomas tectores unicelulares no bordo foliar em J. pectoralis e a presença de tricomas tectores pluricelulares somente na face adaxial no pecíolo de J. gendarussa. As características observadas podem ser empregadas para a delimitação e identificação das espécies, devido ao emprego de diferentes técnicas.
MINA DO ENGENHO: ROMPIMENTO DE BARRAGEM. HOMICÍDIO COMO CRIME AMBIENTAL: UMA TERATOLÓGICA ACEPÇÃO DO DIREITO PENAL? - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.35412
Authors: Gonçalves Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo , Rezende Elcio Nacur
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O rompimento de uma das barragens da conhecida “Mina do Engenho”, na região de Itabirito/MG, ocorrida em setembro de 2014, e que foi provocada, segundo o Ministério Público de Minas Gerais, por irregularidades na gestão ambiental e pela disposição ilegal de rejeitos, despertou a atenção dos autores para a análise do caso na perspectiva de incidência do Direito Penal Ambiental.  Todavia, isso não ocorreu em razão da questão minerária e dos danos causados à fauna e à flora, mas sim em face da consideração do crime de homicídio como delito ambiental, capaz de proporcionar a responsabilidade da empresa mineradora envolvida não apenas no âmbito civil, mas também penal. A pesquisa, que se vale do caso como paradigma para a apresentação de processos argumentativos e discursivos para a testagem da hipótese de que o homicídio pode também ser tratado como crime ambiental, é teórica, e trabalha com dados primários (análise da legislação e dos autos de inquérito policial) e secundários (livros, artigos e revistas) dotados de estofo para assegurar a validade e a importância do tema abordado. ABSTRACT: Disruption of one of the dams known “Ingenuity Mine”, in the region of Itabirito/MG, held in September 2014, which was caused, according to the Public Ministry of Minas Gerais, by irregularities in environmental management and illegal waste disposal, attracted the attention of the authors to analyze the case from the perspective of incidence of environmental criminal law. However, that not happens due to the mining issue and damage to fauna and flora, but in view of the consideration of the crime of murder as an environmental offense, capable of providing the responsibility of the mining company involved not only in civil but also criminal law. The research, which relies on the case as a paradigm for the presentation of argumentative and discursive processes for testing the hypothesis that the murder may also be treated as environmental crime, is theoretical, and works with primary data (analysis of legislation and case police investigation) and secondary (books, articles and magazines) equipped with padding to ensure the validity and importance of the subject.
POR QUEM DOBRAM OS SINOS? REFLEXÕES SOBRE NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO E CIÊNCIA JURÍDICA - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i1.22010
Authors: De Julios Campuzano Alfonso
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O século XX acarretou transformações decisivas do Estado de Direito que levam ao início de uma nova fase no desenvolvimento do constitucionalismo. Este trabalho pretende oferecer uma aproximação com o Estado Constitucional de Direito, que veio a superar o Estado Legislativo de Direito, formado sob aos auspícios do positivismo legalista. A irrupção do constitucionalismo contemporâneo – que implica a consagração definitiva da supremacia da Constituição como verdadeira norma jurídica – no entanto, exige desafios importantes que se relacionam, diretamente, com a nova era da interdependência e a crescente perda do protagonismo do Estado-Nação. Isso comporta a necessidade de superar a velha dogmática jurídica estatalista para transcender os constritos limites espaciais do modelo estatal e promover garantias jurídicas que assegurem a efetividades dos direitos fundamentais ABSTRACT:20th Century has provided weighty  changes that entails the beginning of a new period in the development of constitutionalism. This paper aims to offer an approach to constitutional State that has overcome legislative State forged under the domains of legalist positivism. However, the appearance of current constitutionalism –involving the definitive consecration of constitution`s supremacy as a real legal norm-, implies important challenges regarding the State-nation weakness in an interdependence and globalization age. This includes the need to overcome the old dogmatic legal state in order to transcend the constrained geographical limits of the state model and provide legal guarantees to ensure the realization of rights.
A TUTELA JURÍDICA GLOBAL DA ALIMENTAÇÃO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v40i1.38108
Authors: Ricardo Staffen Márcio
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar o direito à alimentação como uma necessária pretensão jurídica global, não a partir da propositura de mecanismos legislativos, mas no sentido da exposição do complexo sistema de regulação/regulamentação deste direito em espaços globais, inclusive frente aos novos atores sociais identificados, bem como as novas demandas globais, às quais reclamam novas formas de proteção e equacionamento dos bens jurídicos relevantes. Isto, também, a partir da compreensão de que a satisfação das necessidades humanas primordiais, como a água e o alimento, são responsabilidades que antecedem as relações institucionais, em nível global. Inicialmente será abordado o cenário jurídico, em uma perspectiva de instrumento de contenção de excessos e projeção de expectativas realizáveis para um futuro próximo, frente ao surgimento de novas matrizes de poder. Em um segundo momento serão tecidas considerações sobre o direito à alimentação, enquanto direito inerente à toda e qualquer caracterização de Direitos Humanos e; por fim, apresentar-se-á as relações do direito à alimentação frente a complexidade do cenário jurídico global, direito este que deve ser tutelado de forma ampla e irrestrita, enquanto direito humano essencial, inclusive com a regulação do mercado transnacional concentrado e especulativo, contribuindo para o fortalecimento dos regimes democráticos e da Sustentabilidade. Utilizou-se, para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa, o método indutivo, operacionalizado pelas técnicas de conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa bibliográfica. ABSTRACT:This article aims to address the right to food as a necessary legal global claim, not from the proposition of legislation, but towards of exposure of the complex system of regulation / regulatory of this right in global spaces, including before the new social actors identified, as well as new global demands, which require new forms of protection and equationing of relevant legal interests. This, too, from the understanding that the satisfaction of primary human needs, like water and food, are responsibilities that precede institutional relations, at the global level. Initially it will be addressed the juridical scenario, in a perspective of instrument to containment the excesses and projection of expectations possible to be performed in a near future, front the appearance of new power arrays. In a second moment considerations will be made about the right to food, as a right inherent to any characterization of Human Rights and; finally, will present the relationship of the right to food, front the complexity of the overall legal scenario, right which must be protected broadly and unrestricted, as an essential human right, including the regulation of concentrate transnational market speculative, contributing to the strengthening of democratic regimes and of Sustainability. In this study has been used the inductive method according to the technique of «operational concepts» and of bibliographic research.