bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo para el desarrollo y evaluación de la usabilidad en sistemas de interacción tangible desde la perspectiva del diseño centrado en el usuario
Authors: Escalante Caicedo Ana Bely
Published: July 2019

La interacción tangible permite estudiar los productos o interfaces de usuario que tienen la capacidad de facilitar a las personas una mejor interacción entre los objetos físicos y la información digital en tiempo real, en un contexto de aplicación determinado, eliminando así la distinción entre los dispositivos de entrada y salida. Por ello, se conoce como una forma de interacción humano-computador donde lo digital se integran con el mundo físico para generar una interacción más agradable, intuitiva e interactiva al usuario, la que se ha permeado en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento como educación, entretenimiento, programación, comunicación, expresión artística y el entorno empresarial en búsqueda de obtener mejores experiencias a nivel de usuario desde el trabajo colaborativo. El proyecto asumió el reto de investigar sobre las bases en fundamentos teóricos de los modelos de diseño de interacciones tangibles existentes y áreas de aplicación, de donde se tomaron las actividades comunes y se enmarcaron en las etapas del ciclo de vida de un sistema de software y las etapas de los modelos del DCU; como resultado se creó una propuesta de un modelo para el desarrollo y evaluación de la usabilidad en sistemas de interacción tangible desde la perspectiva del diseño centrado en el usuario que sugiere la manera de construir un producto  a partir de la orquestación de los componentes de IT en cinco etapas (planeación, análisis, diseño, construcción y pruebas) de forma interactiva e incremental centrados en el usuario, en cada etapa se recomienda una serie de actividades a realizar fáciles de articular a los procesos de desarrollo.
Revisión sistemática de literatura: explotación de información y tecnologías GIS aplicadas para hallar patrones delictivos
Authors: Mariño Sonia I. , Flores Lorena E.
Published: July 2019

La revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) es un artículo que sintetiza la evidencia disponible en torno a ciertas preguntas de investigación, aborda aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de estudios primarios con el objetivo de resumir la información existente respecto de un tema en particular. Se presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca de la integración de procesos de explotación de información con tecnologías GIS, y se evalúa su aplicación para el hallazgo de patrones delictivos. La construcción de esta RSL se basa en el método propuesto por Kitchenham. Los resultados se exponen considerando las tres etapas del método en donde se explican los estudios primarios seleccionados en relación con las preguntas de investigación planteadas que guían el estudio. Los hallazgos evidencian la escasa aplicación de la integración de ambas tecnologías como estrategia de disminución de riesgos delictivos.
Educación y género como variables en la inserción laboral de jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Navarrete Gálvez Paola María
Published: July 2019

La inserción laboral de los jóvenes en El Salvador es un proceso cambiante y dinámico, el cual responde tanto a las transformaciones de los mercados y las economías globales como a los cambios en la fuerza de trabajo, y a las condiciones socioeconómicas de los individuos. Este artículo explora si el género o el grado académico tienen algún tipo en dicha colocación. De tal forma, el objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la incidencia de variables socioeconómicas en la inserción laboral de los jóvenes salvadoreños. El tipo de estudio fue cuantitativo, para describir y analizar el posicionamiento laboral de los graduados mediante un estudio descriptivo y un código arbitrario de observación (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014). Se estimó una muestra total de 732 jóvenes salvadoreños, la cual responde a un nivel de confianza estimado del 97 % con un margen de error del 4 %, y una distribución y selección al azar. Entre los resultados principales, se tiene que el género no mostró significancia en cuanto a sector de trabajo o salario, pero sí en cuanto a si está trabajando actualmente mientras cursa sus estudios universitarios.
Role of Problematic Internet Use, Sense of Belonging and Social Appearance Anxiety in Facebook Use Intensity of University Students
Authors: Tras Zeliha , Öztemel Kemal , Baltacı Umay Bilge
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the role of problematic internet usa, sense of belonging and social appearance anxiety in facebook use intensity of university students. The sample of the study consisted of 484 (332 female, 68.6% and 152 male 31.4%) different faculties of various universities of Konya. Problematic Internet Use Scale, General Belongingness Scale, Facebook Intensity Scale, The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, Personal Knowledge Form were used in the study. Pearson Correlation Product Conduct and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, There was a significant positive relationship between the mean scores of the participants on the Facebook Intensity Scale and the mean scores of the Problematic Internet Use Scale and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Regression analysis examined shows that social appearance anxiety and problematic internet use and general belonging sense average scale scores were significantly prediction of Facebook İntensity Scale Scores. The results of the research were discussed within the framework of the literature. Based on the findings of the research, comments and suggestions were developed.
Simulation Modeling of Truck Load of Skidding Tractors with a Grapple for Chokerless Skidding
Authors: Shegelman Ilya Romanovich , Budnik Pavel Vladimirovich , Baklagin Vyacheslav Nikolayevich
Published: July 2019

The objective of the present study is to define mass distribution laws for a bundle of trees using the methods of statistical simulation modeling in order to calculate chokerless skidding tractors lift capacity. For that purpose a statistical simulation
model has been developed to generate forest taxation data necessary for complete
filling of skidding tractor grapple. The following samples have been obtained from
the regions of the European North of Russia based on the model: masses of bundles
of trees that can be placed in grapple and values of vertical component of
normal load applied to skidding tractor grapple. Minimum values for masses of
bundles may vary in the range of 40–87% from the average value. Maximum values
may vary in the range of 8–55% from the average value. The difference between
the maximum and minimum masses of bundle values increased with increasing the
capacity grapple and decreased with increasing the distance from the butt to
grapple. We have determined the dependence of bundle mass variation and values
of vertical component of normal load applied to skidding tractor grapple on
capacity grapple for the regions of the European North of Russia. The studies
have allowed determining recommended values for chokerless skidding tractors lift
capacity. The analysis of specifications of various models of skidding tractors
has shown that clambunk skidders have deficient marginal lift capacity.
Assessment of Broad-Leaved Forest Stand Management
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi , Yoshimura Tetsuhiko
Published: July 2019

There are many
broad-leaved forests in Japan that were formerly managed for charcoal
production, which have been abandoned for decades. Appropriate thinning can
revitalize these forests if the cost balance of the management is positive. Two
critical elements are the construction of spur roads to facilitate mechanized
harvesting operations and management planning that considers stand properties
such as the growing stock, species, and tree size distribution. We surveyed
three abandoned former broad-leaved coppice stands; one coastal, one cool
temperate and one warm temperate. The stock in all three stands exceeded 300 m3
ha-1, two- to three-fold the official forest registry data
estimates. The dominant species in terms of tree numbers are Castanopsis sieboldii, Pieris japonica, and Quercus glauca. Medium-sized trees
involve those well suited for firewood, i.e., Quercus acuta, Quercus glauca,
Quercus serrata, etc. Each plot
contained a few large trees that potentially have a high market value, e.g., Cinnamomum camphora, Zelkova serrata, Abies firma, etc. The average income from harvested trees was
estimated to be 10200 JPY (Japanese Yen) m-3, whereas the thinning
costs would be 3200 to 5400 JPY m-3, with the additional spur road
construction costs. The management cost balance of a broad-leaved stand in a 60
year rotation was evaluated with both Net Present Value (NPV) (for interest
rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4%) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). This balance was
compared with that of a typical plantation stand of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and of a
fast-growing plantation stand of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). The estimated NPVs were largest for the
fast-growing plantation stand, second largest for the typical plantation stand,
and lowest for the broad-leaved stand with a NPV interest rate of 1 + %. However,
the IRR of the broad-leaved stand was the highest, followed by that of the
fast-growing plantation stand, while the IRR of the typical plantation stand
was the lowest. This order was the same for NPVs assuming higher interest
rates. 1 JPY=0.0086 € on
April 29, 2019.
Summary of the scientific/educational conference titled "State-of-the-art methods of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with hearing disorders" held on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Otorhinolaryngology Department in Krosno
Authors: Jurczak Piotr , Bieńkowska Katarzyna Ita , Wrońska Joanna , Miller Alicja , Rygiel Paweł , Urbanek Honorata , Rolniak Łukasz , Kowalczyk – Najbar Anna , Balcewicz Bartosz , Głowińska Marzena , Skrobek – Chmurska Katarzyna , Kowalik Izabela , Such Dominika , Bara Ilona
Published: July 2019

On January 11, 2019, more than 200 specialists, including physicians, speech therapists, and physiotherapists, gathered in Krosno for a discussion on current problems in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with hearing disorders. The Conference was held to mark the 50th Anniversary of the establishment of the Otorhinolaryngology Department at the John Paul II Subcarpathian Regional Hospital in Krosno. However, it was the future rather than history that became the main focus of the discussion. The need to continue the tradition of interdisciplinary approach to audiological treatment of patients with hearing disorders was highlighted.
Management of Unstable Phalangeal Shaft Fractures Using External Minifixator
Authors: Nagi Ahmed , Mubark Islam , Sarhan Islam , Ragab Abdelaleem
Published: July 2019

Background. Fractures of the hand are the most common fractures in the skeletal system and phalangeal fractures constitute about 46% of all hand fractures. Operative treatment of unstable phalangeal fractures should aim at anatomic fracture reduction and stable fixation that allows early mobilization of the affected finger’s joints . This study evaluates the results of fixation of unstable shaft fractures of finger proximal or middle phalanges using a non-spanning external minifixator.
Material and methods. 32 men and 8 women aged 17 to 60 (median, 31.25) years suffering from fractures of 44 phalanges in 40 hands were included in the study. Four of the fractured phalanges were middle phalanges and 40 were proximal phalanges .All fractures were fixed using a mini external fixator. All procedures were done under regional anaesthetic block. The fixator was applied after closed reduction of fractures. Additional procedures included wound debridement in open fractures, and tendon repair was needed in 4 cases. We excluded fractures where intraarticular fracture extension mandates open reduction and internal fixation.
Results. At the end of the follow-up period (mean follow-up 11.5 months), patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. 26 fingers (59.1 %) had “excellent” results , 14 fingers (31.8 %) had “good” results and 4 fingers (9.1%) had “poor” results as their P.I.P. flexion ranges were < 80˚.
Conclusion. External fixation of displaced phalangeal shaft fractures is an effective method of treatment in terms of a minimally invasive technique with rigid fracture fixation allowing early mobilization after surgery.
Arthroscopic Fixation of Osteochondral Fracture of Head of Femur. Case Study
Authors: Sobczyk Jakub , Drwięga Michał , Banasiewicz Jakub , Laskowski Jacek
Published: July 2019

This article describes the case of an 18-year-old male after hip dislocation caused by snowboard injury, which resulted in osteochondral fracture of the head of femur with displacement of a loose body. CT as well as MRI confirmed the presence of a loose osteochondral fragment (20x14x4mm) fractured from the weight-bear­ing superoanterior part of head of femur (Pipkin type II).
The surgical management undertaken was only arthroscopic, this representing a very rare case when com­par­ed to the literature. The article describes in detail the technical aspects of the procedure. At 4 months post-surgery, the replanted fragment had healed properly and the patient was pain-free and had the full range of movements. A low-invasive arthroscopic procedure is associated with less local tissue damage, reduced risk of infection and less blood loss. With this approach, it is possible to fix an osteochondral fragment without unnecessary defects in the cartilaginous surface.
Child protection in Germany
Authors: Gerarts Katharina
Published: July 2019

The article looks at the history of childhood in the society, the country of Germany, and abroad. Today’s view of children as legal persons, recognizing their endowment with competencies and resources but also their ontological dependence, is a rather ‘new’ perspective in human history. Therefore the article first focuses onto the UN-Child-Right’s-Convention which was ratified in Germany in 1992. Second, a closer look at the development of the legal foundations of child protection in Germany shows how child protection in Germany was developed. The reader will get an overview about the child protection system in Germany, afterwards. The article ends with some recommendations to establish a child-rights-focused perspective in the child protection system in Germany.
Rhinitis in children
Authors: Ziuzia Laura , Dobrzyński Paweł
Published: July 2019

Rhinitis (RN) is inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, manifested by impaired patency, pruritus, sneezing and the presence of secretions. Depending on the mechanism of creation of an inflammatory reaction, RN is divided into: (1) allergic rhinitis (AR) and (2) nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), and in case of their overlap, it is said to be (3) mixed (MR). The basis for the diagnosis of NN are: physical examination and interview (including ENT) and properly selected auxiliary research. The fundamental approach in RN in children is: education of patients and their parents, avoiding exposure to irritants (including allergens), nasal irrigation, air humidification and proper hydration of the child, and pharmacotherapy, and in selected cases of ARN, also allergen specific immunotherapy. The basis of pharmacotherapy in RN are intranasal glucocorticoids (dnGKS) and second-generation antihistamines, although their efficacy in NAR is lower than in AR. Due to the high incidence and adverse consequences, such as: decreased quality of life, sleep and mood disorders, deterioration in school education and relationship with other diseases, including: asthma, adenoid hypertrophy, conjunctivitis, chronic inflammation of paranasal sinuses and otitis media, RN is an important clinical problem. It is necessary to further investigate the issue to better understand this problem and to avoid its negative consequences, especially in the paediatric population.
Social pedagogical research in Germany
Authors: Bastian Pascal , Lochner Barbara
Published: July 2019

The number of empirical studies on German social work makes it difficult to gain a clear picture of them all. The increasing academisation of education and the expansion of study programs also reveal an increase in social work research in Germany. This article traces this development and discusses open questions. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of qualitative research, in particular for the development of professional casework. The paper proposes a systematization of German research in the field of social work and discusses this systematization based on the example of a study. Finally, the paper presents some further aspects and recent developments.
Plattformarbeit im Fokus. Ergebnisse einer explorativen Online-Umfrage zu plattformvermittelter Kurierarbeit
Authors: Heiland Heiner
Published: July 2019

Der Beitrag stellt erstmals Daten zu plattformvermittelter Essenskurierarbeit vor, die eine neue Form prekärer und digitaler Arbeit darstellt. Auf Basis einer Online-Befragung werden Befunde zur Sozialstruktur der Arbeitenden und deren Arbeitsbedingungen präsentiert und mittels des DGB-Index „Gute Arbeit“ in Relation zur Gesamtheit der abhängigen Beschäftigten in Deutschland gesetzt. Die Plattformen üben eine umfassende Kontrolle über den Arbeitsprozess aus. Die Fahrenden fühlen sich der Technik ausgeliefert, berichten von einer bestenfalls mittelmäßigen Arbeitszufriedenheit sowie einer sehr geringen Identifikation mit der Arbeit. Doch trotz der hohen Beschäftigtenfluktuation, die auch als individuelle Exit-Strategie gelten kann, gibt es eine überraschend hohe Bereitschaft für Protest und Streik unter den „Ridern“. Wie sich zeigt, stehen die Arbeitenden trotz der individualisierten Arbeit in regem Austausch miteinander. Damit besteht entgegen allgemeiner und gewerkschaftlicher Annahmen durchaus ein Organisierungspotenzial, das, strategisch gewendet, die zu konstatierende Machtasymmetrie in der Plattformarbeit zugunsten der Beschäftigten korrigieren kann.
EXTRACTION OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WATER SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL ADSORBENTS
Authors: Filatova Elena G. , Soboleva Veronika G.
Published: July 2019

When solving the problem of wastewater treatment till the required parameters, adsorption methods have no analogs, which allow purifying sewage from oil products to any required level without introducing secondary pollution. Here has been studied the possibility of using natural and modified alumоsilicates for extraction of oil and petroleum products from sewage of oil refineries to the norms of discharge of fishery reservoirs. Alumosilicates of the Transbaikal deposit were used as the object of the study. In order to improve the adsorption characteristics of natural alumosilicates, they were subjected to microwave activation and modification by HCl. The adsorption value of petroleum products was 8.9 mg/g for natural adsorbents; 15.10 mg/g-for alumosilicates activated by microwave; 19.30 mg/g – for alumosilicates modified by HCl. Adsorption of petroleum products is described by Langmuir and BET models. The main adsorption parameters of these models are determined. The values of correlation coefficients indicate that the adsorption of petroleum products by natural adsorbents and alumosilicates, activated by microwave, best describes the model of adsorption of BET. For alumosilicates modified HCl best true equation Langmuir. It is established that the activation and modification of natural alumosilicates allows to improve the adsorption capacity and causes a reduction in time of the completeness of the saturation of the adsorbents, as evidenced by a decrease in the standardized Gibbs energy is the determining factor when increasing the rate of cleaning. In the paper, it is assumed that microwave radiation heats water in the sorbent, and this leads to an increase in its partial pressure in the pores, there is an excess pressure, which leads to an increase in the pore size, and, consequently, to an increase in the adsorption capacity. In the case of modification of HCl, the increase in the adsorption capacity is due to changes in the textural characteristics of the adsorbent, an increase in the specific surface area and the specific pore volume. Activation and modification of natural alumosilicates made it possible to increase the purification efficiency from 86.8 to 97.3 % and to reduce the residual concentration from 0.29 to 0.059 mg/dm3.
INFLUENCE OF DIHYDROQUERCETIN ON FRICTION OF SUPER-HIGH-MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE BY STEEL AND ALLOY Ti6Al
Authors: Soloveva Vera A. , Krasnov Aleksandr P. , Naumkin Aleksandr V. , Buzin Mikhail I. , Smirnova Yulia V. , Gavryushenko Nikolay S.
Published: July 2019

The main reasons reducing the lifetime and failure of implants are tribo-oxidative processes. Stabilizing additives are used to inhibit tribo-oxidative activity and increase the lifetime of the implant. The most common stabilizer is α-tocopherol. The biocompatible stabilizer of a number of flavonoids, dihydroquercetin, was selected as the thermo- and tribo-oxidative stabilizer of UHMWPE. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) stabilizes peroxide radicals formed as a result of the tribological process (friction of UHMWPE) by detaching a hydrogen atom from OH groups with the formation of a non-reactive phenoxyl radical. A comparative analysis of the samples, stabilized with DHQ and α-tocopherol, was carried out. The samples studied were prepared by direct compression molding at a temperature of 190ºС. The comparative study of thermo- and tribo-oxidative stability of UHMWPE samples modified with DHQ and α-tocopherol evidences that the thermo-oxidative stability induced with DHQ is higher that of α-tocopherol. In the first case the thermal-oxidative stability of the composition is maintained up to a temperature of 230 °C. Evolution of friction compositions at temperatures higher than that of the human body was investigated. Such tests were conducted using a gradual increase in friction velocity. During the tests, an increase in weight of initial UHMWPE and the composition with α-tocopherol induced by tribo-oxidative processes was observed. The introduction of dihydroquercetin, a highly effective biostabilizer of thermal oxidation, leads to the conservation of the original weight of the samples. When selecting a counterbody for the developed composition with DHQ, a study was conducted of friction on steel 3X13 and Ti6Al alloy used in medicine and in endoprostheses of artificial joints. It was found that the best results are obtained in the case of using a steel counterbody.
INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN FACTORS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF WET VORTEX DUST COLLECTORS
Authors: Krawczyk Janusz , Szatko Wieslaw , Postnikova Irina , Blinichev Valerian
Published: July 2019

High efficiency of intensive work of wet scrubbers is the result of simultaneous formation of different collectors - dust collectors. Under the collectors it can understand the drops of the sprayed liquid, the bubbles generated in the conditions of intense bubbling, the liquid surface and the wet surface. All collectors are formed during the operation of the circulation unit, the features of which were considered in a previous article by the same authors. This article discusses the laboratory installation to assess the impact of various factors on the efficiency of collectors. The first device consists of three chambers in which the dust separation with a varying concentration of the suspension was analyzed independently in the drop area, under bubbling conditions, as well as upon impact on the wetted surface. To estimate the fractional effectiveness a multi-stage cascade impact mechanisms was used. A significant part of the second test bench was the dust collecting chamber, which provides a cross-flow of the suspension with respect to the dust gas acting on the surface of the liquid. A number of general efficiency tests were carried out at the stand under varying conditions of the impact of the outflow of dusty air on the surface of the liquid with constant dust dosing into the system. Dust removal efficiency was evaluated by measuring the mass of dust supplied to the system compared to the dust held by the filter on the outflow pipeline. The physical model of the phenomenon was developed on the basis of the hypothesis that the efficiency of dust particles capture by wet scrubbers depends on the absorption capacity of the liquid and, therefore, is associated with the concentration of the suspension.  A high concentration of a suspension may prevent the penetration of particles in the reservoirs and not disclose them to the surface for further collisions of the dust particles.
DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABLE SAMPLE WEIGHT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS TO KEEP THOSE SAMPLES TO BE REPRESENTATIVE ONES IN TERMS OF PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Yunovidov Dmitriy V. , Nadezhin Maksim N. , Aksenchik Konstantin V. , Sidorova Elizaveta E. , Nadezhina Irina V.
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the relationship between the mass of the laboratory sample and the homogeneity of its particle size distribution. The aim of the work is to estimate the limits of the sample mass reduction, at which it remains representative in particle size distribution. A relation was pointed out between the chemical and physical properties and the particle size distribution of fertilizers. The use of this parameter as one of the basic physical properties of industrially produced mineral fertilizers was justified. At the same time, using a smaller sample will reduce the time for analysis in industrial laboratories. An experiment was proposed and implemented to assess the representativeness of sample of fertilizers with different masses. Samples of several brands of industrially produced granulated mineral fertilizers were studied. A sieve analysis of samples was carried out in accordance with accepted standards (for < 1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-3.15 mm, 3.15-4 mm, 4-5 mm, 5-6.3 mm, > 6.3 mm fractions). A comparison between the obtained results and industry-specific technique for determining the particle size distribution on the woven sieve was given. According to the obtained data, the main statistical characteristics of the analysis were calculated: mathematical expectation (average value), standard deviation and confidence interval. The homogeneity of the average values and variances of the obtained samples for the 50 and 150 g of fertilizers was investigated using Student's and Fisher's tests for a 0.05% level of significance. To confirm the test results, a graphic distribution of sample with different mass and the fraction < 2 mm was built. Conclusion about the allowable mass of a representative sample of granular mineral fertilizers for analyzing the particle size distribution and the associated with physical and chemical properties of fertilizers was made.
ALLOCATION OF SECONDARY COSTS BY USING THE MATRIX FUNCTIONS OF SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS
Authors: Radovanović Lazar , Glotina Irina , Petrović Teodor
Published: July 2019

The paper describes and applies the method of linear equations, by using the matrixfunctions of spreadsheet programs, for the secondary cost allocation of fullyconditionedauxiliary cost centers. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the possibilityof using matrix functions for cost allocation. A model has been formed based on thedata from a specific company, that has auxiliary, main and non-productive cost centers.The linear equations method is used to solve the problem of secondary cost allocation,by applying the corresponding matrix functions of a spreadsheet program.The goal of cost allocation of auxiliary cost centers to main cost centers, and later to thecost holders, is to calculate the exact cost, that is, the cost of products and services.The method of linear equations was chosen because a new model can be formed basedon the starting model, by changing the number of cost centers.This cost allocation model should encourage accountants and company management touse the more exact method of cost allocation instead of the simple direct method orcomplex step method. Matrix functions facilitate the method of linear equations,because they are quite simple to apply in models that can be easily adapted and appliedin practice later on.It has been concluded that this method can be easily described and applied, and theobtained results, with the correct data input and use of matrix functions, givecompletely accurate results, unlike other cost allocation methods.
Reconfigurações profissionais em contextos de mudança: o papel da medicina geral e familiar
Authors: Raposo Hélder
Published: July 2019

No atual enquadramento regulatório das políticas públicas de saúde verifica-se um maior escrutínio público sobre a medicina, pelo que os atores institucionais se têm empenhado na implementação de medidas que procuram reduzir a variação das práticas médicas, concretamente através das chamadas normas de orientação clínica (NOC). Considerando o processo formal da sua implementação em Portugal, o objetivo específico deste artigo é explorar as razões que explicam a adesão a esta lógica de padronização por parte da medicina geral e familiar (MGF). No quadro de uma metodologia qualitativa-intensiva mais ampla, são aqui mobilizados os resultados empíricos decorrentes da aplicação de um conjunto de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de um número restrito de informantes privilegiados acerca do envolvimento da MGF neste processo, bem como um suporte documental específico enquadrador da sua implementação em Portugal. Constata-se que a vulnerabilidade deste segmento profissional às interferências regulatórias que foram desencadeadas acabou por ser contingente, dado que a concretização do processo de implementação das NOC implicou uma lógica de negociação que assegurou a participação dos profissionais na própria modulação desta iniciativa e constituiu-se como uma oportunidade de reforço da afirmação profissional desta especialidade médica.
Por uma etnografia dos dados: a propósito de uma investigação sobre o perfil social dos militares brasileiros
Authors: Castro Celso , Monnerat Silvia
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como dados “brutos” (hard data) não são “neutros” nem “dados”, mas estão inseridos num processo subjetivo de sua produção, manutenção e utilização. Propomos, aqui, descrever esse processo de “construção social dos dados” tendo como objeto dados obtidos junto a escolas militares brasileiras sobre o perfil social de seus alunos. A observação etnográfica dessas práticas permite ver como elas estabelecem princípios seletivos, iluminam certas dimensões da vida da instituição e obscurecem outras. Evita-se, assim, um “fetichismo dos dados”: a tendência a vê-los como entidades com vida própria, independentes da subjetividade dos indivíduos que os produziram, os mantiveram e lhes deram acesso.
Increasing perceived hand size improves motor performance in individuals with stroke: a home-based training study
Authors: Ambron Elisabetta , Jax Steven , Schettino Luis , Coslett H. Branch
Published: July 2019

Background

Increasing perceived hand size with magnifying lenses improves tactile discrimination and induces changes in action performance. We previously demonstrated that motor skills (tested with grip force, finger tapping, and a reach to grasp tasks) improved when actions were performed with magnified compared to normal vision; twenty-eight percent of 25 participants with stroke exhibited significant improvement on a composite measure of motor performance with magnification as compared to a session without magnification.

Methods

To investigate the potential implications of magnification of vision for motor rehabilitation, we recruited individuals with stroke from the original cohort who exhibited an improvement of at least 10% in grip force and/or finger tapping for a home training protocol. Six individuals with stroke completed a two-week home-based training program in which they performed a range of activities while looking at their hand magnified. Motor skills were measured before, immediately after, and two weeks after the training.

Results

Five of the six participants showed an improvement on motor tasks when tested after the training. In two participants the improvement was evident immediately after the training and persisted in time, while it occurred at two-weeks post-training in the other participants. These results suggest that the magnification of vision is a potential tool for the rehabilitation of post-stroke motor deficits.
Altitudinal gradients in Magellanic sub-Antarctic lagoons: the effect of elevation on freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and distribution
Authors: Rendoll Cárcamo Javier , Contador Tamara , Gañán Melisa , Pérez Troncoso Carolina , Maldonado Márquez Alan , Convey Peter , Kennedy James , Rozzi Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Background

The study of altitudinal gradients provides insights about species diversity, distribution patterns and related drivers. The Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion has a steep elevational gradient, peaking at around 1,000 m a.s.l., and marked changes in temperature and landscape composition can be observed over relatively short distances.

Methods

This study assessed freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity associated with lakes and ponds along the altitudinal gradient of a Magellanic sub-Antarctic watershed.

Results

A monotonic decline in species richness was observed with increasing elevation, with simpler and more even community composition at higher altitude. This pattern differs from the mid-peak trend found in streams of the same watershed. Functional feeding group structure also diminished with increasing elevation.

Discussion

The study provides a descriptive baseline of macroinvertebrate community structure associated with lentic freshwater ecosystems in the Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion, and confirms that elevation has substantial effects on community structure, function and environmental features, even in these relatively low elevation mountain ranges. The harsh environmental conditions of this ecoregion increase freshwater macroinvertebrate development time, as well as decreasing habitat availability and food supply, supporting simple but well adapted communities. In conjunction with previous research, this study provides a watershed-scale platform of information underpinning future long-term research in the region.
First molecular approach to the octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean
Authors: Ritschard Elena A. , Guerrero-Kommritz Jürgen , Sanchez Juan A.
Published: July 2019

The octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean is an understudied field. However, recent taxonomic work in the Colombian Caribbean has led to the discovery of several new species in the family Octopodidae. To provide molecular evidence for recent descriptions in the area (i.e., Octopus taganga, O. tayrona and Macrotritopus beatrixi) and contribute to the systematics of the family, we reconstructed the first molecular phylogenies of the family including Colombian Caribbean octopus species. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and rhodopsin sequences from specimens collected in three sites (Santa Marta, Old Providence and San Andrés Islands) we inferred maximum-likelihood trees and delimited species with PTP. Our mitochondrial analysis supported the monophyly of species found in the area (i.e., O. taganga, O. hummelincki and O. briareus). The genetic distinction of the species O. tayrona and O. insularis was not resolved, as these were found in one clade together with Caribbean O. vulgaris and O. aff. tayrona species (O. spB) and delimited as a single species. Additionally, our results suggest a distant relationship of the Type I O. vulgaris group (Caribbean region) from the other forms of the species complex (Old World and Brazil). Lastly, the third newly described species M. beatrixi emerged as an independent lineage and was delimited as a single species. However, its relationship to other species of its genus remains unknown due to the lack of sequences in databases. Altogether, our molecular approach to the octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean adds on information to the relationship of Octopodidae species world-wide by providing sequences from recently described species from an understudied region. Further studies employing higher taxon sampling and more molecular information are needed to fill taxonomic gaps in the area and account for single-locus resolution on the systematics of this group.
The Use of Biostimulants in High-density Olive Growing: Quality and Production
Authors: Hernández-Hernandez Gilberto , Salazar Domingo M. , Martínez-Tomé Juan , López-Cortés Isabel
Published: July 2019

Due to the increase of high-density holdings, especially of olive trees, the nutritional requirements of the plants are higher per unit area, which implies that a greater contribution of fertilizers to the soil is needed. Opting for fertilizers of inorganic origin will produce an increase in the pollution of the soil.

In the face of this possible soil contamination, our aim is to analyze the effect of biostimulants as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, to steadily produce and maintain high quality standards during the life of the crop. Our objective is using more environmentally friendly products in order to satisfy one of the most important demands from both consumers and the authorities.

In this study, we carried out five different treatments in addition to a control treatment with a supply of NPK, from inorganic products, which are used to control fertilization with a solution obtained from seaweed extracts. These treatments were applied in two crop cycles for two of the most important varieties in the current olive tree growing scenario: Arbequina and Koroneiki.

This study was developed in the farm Pozohondo, which is located in a crop zone by the Palancia river (Castellón, Valencia, Spain), in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the olive trees were established in a high-density system with a planting framework of 4 x 1.5 m. We ensured an exhaustive control of the nutritional needs of the holding by using a fertigation system.

We could notice differences in the productions of each applied treatment, avoiding any possible biases through the additional control of 100 randomly selected olives from each of the samples. There is an improvement in the set of physical characteristics of the olives with the treatment that provides amino acids and extra potassium based on amni acids. We analyzed the quality of the olive oil obtained from the production of each treatment by measuring the fatty acids, tocopherols and polyphenols contents. We also carried out an organoleptic tasting analysis following the rules of the International Olive Committee (IOC).

We observed an improvement with regard to the rest of treatments in the pomological parameters of the olives when applying the potassium and amino acid biostimulant, while the quality of the oils was not affected by the type of fertilization applied in each treatment.
Determination of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Loads of Commonly Consumed Food Items of Cassava and Sweet Potato of Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia 2017
Authors: Abiche Mathewos Geneto , Teferi Melkamu Beyene , Olbamo Selass Kebede
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Glycemic index is an important parameter designed to quantify the relative blood glucose response of foods in comparison with reference glucose. Determination of glycemic index and loads of carbohydrate- rich foods play as tools of nutritional guidelines for glycemic control and to reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine glycemic index and glycemic loads of cassava and sweet potato of commonly consumed food items of Bench-Maji, south west Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods: The 23 healthy subjects were participated in the study from Ethiopia; the mean age was 27 ± 2 years. The matured cassava and sweet potato food items were processed by washed, peeled and cooked in water (gentle boiling at 90 Co) for 20 minutes. Participants were informed to consume 50 g of carbohydrate portions of tested and reference foods. Blood sample were collected at 0 (fasting), 30, 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of tested and reference foods. Glycemic index value of foods was calculated from the ratio of incremental area under the glucose curves of the foods. Glycemic loads for each food was determined from its glycemic index value and carbohydrate content. Data were statistically analysed by ANOVA and differences between means identified by the student t-test.

Results: The cassava and sweet potato had a medium glycemic indices (GI: 60), in spite of they generated a high glycemic loads of 26 and 24 respectively. The cassava and sweet potato had significantly lower (p<0.0001) blood glucose response was noticed as compared to white bread.  There was no difference of GI and GL of tested foods within the participants and statistically not significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the cassava and sweet potato foods had a medium glycemic index and high glycemic loads. The tested foods had significantly lower blood glucose response as compared to reference food of white bread. The resulted GI and GL data of tested foods could be help as guide of food choices to control glycemic level and to reduce the risk of diabetic complications.
Effect of Zinc on Growth, Yield and Zinc Use Efficiency of Rice in Rice–Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Keshari Pankaj Kumar , Laik Ranjan , Singh Abhinandan , Sarkar Sudip
Published: July 2019

A four year rice-wheat cropping (2012-15) was developed on Nursery Jhilli area of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, where zinc applied in four different doses (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1) and 3 modes of application under rice – wheat cropping system, to investigate the effect of different doses of Zn and modes of application on rice growth parameters, yield and Zn use efficiency. Results reveled that among the different growth and yield attributing characteristics of rice the highest of number of tillers m-2, number of productive tillers m-2 and number of filled grain panicle-1 were observed in 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 at alternate year applied plot. Root weight were highest in 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 every year applied plot. The grain and straw yield data clearly indicated that application of zinc significantly increased both yields. The highest grain yield was found in 5 kg Zn ha-1 applied every year (40.20 q ha-1) and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 in initial year application was the lowest dose for optimum rice grain yield in the fourth year. Highest Agronomic Efficiency was found in 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 (101.33 kg grain/ kg Zn) and the order of apparent Zn recovery efficiency was in the order of, 2.5 kg Zn, alternate year (3.72%) > 2.5 kg Zn, initial year (3.70%) > 7.5 kg Zn, every year (3.61%) > 2.5 kg Zn, every year (3.58%). A suitable dose (5 kg Zn ha-1) of Zn found more efficient in term of yield and recovery efficiency than high or low doses, this can be helpful to farming communities for better earning and reduce excessive application.
Association of Malaria Parasitaemia with ABO/Rhesus Blood Group among Out-patients of Township Clinic Gwagwalada Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Balarabe-Musa Binta , Muhammad H. R. , Momo H. , Nnadike F. A.
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to determine association of malaria parasitaemia with ABO/Rhesus blood group.

Methodology: A total of 150 blood samples were randomly selected and examined for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum using microscopy, blood group was determined using agglutination technique.

Results: A total 92 (61.3%) were found to be infected with P. falciparum, the prevalence was highest among under five (0-10) than older groups, and higher among males 55 (63.2%) than female 37 (58.7%). Majority of the patients were rhesus positive 90(64.3%) while 2(20.0%) were rhesus negative. High percentage of blood group O, 70 (46.7%) was observed, followed by A 39(26.0%), B 34 (22.7%) and AB 7 (4.6%). All ABO blood groups showed varied presence of P. falciparum 51(72.8%), 22(56.4%), 17(50.0%) and 2(28.5%) for O, A, B and AB, respectively. Parasite density was also higher in blood group O 70 (41.69%), followed by B 34 (30.67%), and A 39 (28.09%) then AB 7 (16.84%).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that malaria parasitaemia is higher in males than female and in the younger ages than the older ones. Also Blood groups O are the most susceptible to malaria infection and AB are the least infected. However further investigation is needed to clearly establish the association ABO/Rhesus blood groups and P. falciparum infection and the need for intensified control methodology of the disease and education of the populace on the effect of rhesus negative cannot be over emphasized.
Effects of Alcohol on the Developing Brain: The Adolescent at Risk
Authors: Ciampo Luiz Antonio Del , Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes Del
Published: July 2019

Adolescence is a phase of great physical, emotional and social transformations that put individuals in vulnerability and with risks of aggravations that can be definitive. Among the various characteristics of the adolescent, the experimentation of new sensations and challenges is one of the most outstanding, being responsible for several common problems in this phase of life. Among the several factors that can adversely affect adolescents, alcohol is one of the most prevalent, offering serious immediate and late risks. This article presents some characteristics of alcohol consumption among adolescents and the effects on the development of the central nervous system, highlighting the main damages that can be caused in the brain in formation (reduced white matter volume and cortices, neuronal apoptosis, demyelination).  In view of the relevance of the effects of alcohol on the developing brain all efforts should be directed towards avoiding or minimizing the risks to which adolescents are subject. It also presents some measures that can be with the aim of preventing the consumption of alcohol among adolescents.
Beliefs of EFL Learners towards Pedagogical Values of Linguistic Landscape in China: A Case Study Carried Out in Three Schools
Authors: Ying Zhang
Published: July 2019

Numerous research in linguistic landscape (LL) have shown that the languages exhibited on signage in city space can offer an abundant resource enabling language learning in “real-life” situations. However, there are rare studies investigate the pedagogical value from the perspective of the learners. Taking English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in China as research subjects, a qualitative and quantitative combined method was adopted in this study to survey three groups of students’ beliefs about the pedagogical value of LL (classified as senior high school students, undergraduate students, and postgraduate students). The findings show that almost students hold a positive attitude toward English in LL, but with the different knowledge base, learning methods and ideology of “standard” English usage, the learners show different perceptions towards the specific issues on to what extent the English in LL can help them to learn English.