bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals trans-sialidase-like superfamily gene expression heterogeneity inTrypanosoma cruzipopulations
Authors: Inchausti Lucas , Bilbao Lucía , Campo Vanina A. , Garat Joaquín , Sotelo-Silveira José , Rinaldi Gabriel , Howick Virginia M. , Duhagon María Ana , De Gaudenzi Javier G. , Smircich Pablo
Published: January 2025

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents a major public health challenge in Central and South America, affecting approximately 8 million people and placing millions more at risk. TheT. cruzilife cycle includes transitions between epimastigote, metacyclic trypomastigote, amastigote, and blood trypomastigote stages, each marked by distinct morphological and molecular adaptations to different hosts and environments. Unlike other trypanosomatids,T. cruzidoes not employ antigenic variation but instead relies on a diverse array of cell-surface-associated proteins encoded by large multi-copy gene families (multigene families), essential for infectivity and immune evasion.

This study analyzes cell-specific transcriptomes using single-cell RNA sequencing of amastigote and trypomastigote cells to characterize stage-specific surface protein expression during mammalian infection. Through clustering and identification of cell-specific markers, we assigned cells to distinct parasite developmental forms. Analysis of individual cells revealed that surface protein-coding genes, especially members of the trans-sialidase TcS superfamily (TcS), are expressed with greater heterogeneity than single-copy genes. Additionally, no recurrent combinations of TcS genes were observed between individual cells in the population. Our findings thus reveal transcriptomic heterogeneity within trypomastigote populations where each cell displays unique TcS expression profiles. Focusing on the diversity of surface protein expression, this research aims to deepen our understanding ofT. cruzicellular biology and infection strategies.
TRANSIENT ALTERATIONS IN THALAMO-CEREBELLAR FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PREMANIFEST HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
Authors: Morrison Melanie A. , Yao Jingwen , Bhalerao Radhika , Jakary Angela , Glueck Julia , Driscoll Theresa , Geschwind Michael D. , Nelson Alexandra B. , Possin Katherine L. , Hess Christopher P. , Lupo Janine M.
Published: January 2025

Background

There are no disease modifying therapies for Huntington’s disease (HD), a rare but fatal genetic neurodegenerative condition. To develop and test new management strategies, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HD progression is needed. Aberrant changes in thalamo-cortical and striato-cerebellar circuitry have been observed in asymptomatic HD, along with transient enlargement of the dentate nucleus.

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between thalamo-cerebellar connectivity and HD progression.

Study Type

Prospective and retrospective.

Population

Patients with HD and healthy controls from a single-center dataset (n=34), and patients from the public TRACK-HD dataset (n=91).

Field strength/Sequence

3T and 7T.

Assessment

Thalamo-cerebellar connectivity was compared across patients and controls and related to motor scores and predicted years to symptom onset. Cross-sectional findings were validated within-patient by mapping changes in individual connectivity over time. HD effects on cognitive performance were also explored and related to connectivity.

Statistical Tests

Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc Dunn’s tests and Pearson correlations (psignificant<0.05).

Results

In the 7T cohort, significant premanifest and control group differences in thalamo-dentate connectivity were observed (pDunn<0.05, η2=.19-.22), with manifest HD connectivity approaching normative values. Thalamic connectivity with the dentate nucleus and anterior cerebellum also correlated with years to onset (pDen=0.06, r=0.42, pAnt<0.05, r=-0.45), together indicating potential transient functional alterations in premanifest HD. Similar patterns were observed between connectivity (thalamus to dentate nucleus and anterior lobe) and cognitive performance scores across all subjects (p<0.05, rDen=-0.17, rAnt=-0.18). In the premanifest TRACK-HD cohort, connectivity of multiple thalamo-cerebellar connections correlated with years to onset, revealing distinct patterns for patients with low versus high motor scores, again indicative of potential transient alterations. Exploratory non-parametric regression of serial imaging data further supported these findings.

Data conclusion

Transient changes in thalamo-cerebellar connectivity are seen in premanifest HD with increasing progression. More studies are needed to validate this potentially useful biomarker.
Large Language Models Struggle to Encode Medical Concepts — A Multilingual Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rouhizadeh Hossein , Yazdani Anthony , Zhang Boya , Alvarez David Vicente , Hüser Matthias , Vanobberghen Alexandre , Yang Rui , Li Irene , Walter Andreas , Teodoro Douglas
Published: January 2025

Interoperability in health information systems is crucial for accurate data exchange across environments such as electronic health records, clinical notes, and medical research. The main challenge arises from the wide variation in biomedical concepts, their representation across different systems and languages, and the limited context, complicating data integration and standardization. Inspired by recent advances in large language models (LLMs), this study explores their potential role as biomedical knowledge engineers to (semi-)automate multilingual biomedical concept normalization, a key task for semantic interoperability of medical concepts. We developed a novel multilingual dataset comprising 59’104 unique terms mapped to 27’280 distinct biomedical concepts, designed to assess language model performance across this task within five European languages: English, French, German, Spanish, and Turkish. We then proposed a multi-stage pipeline based on a retrieve-then-rerank approach using sparse and dense retrievers, rerankers, and fusion approaches, leveraging discriminative and generative LLMs, with a predefined primary knowledge organization system. Our experiments show that the best discriminative model, e5, achieves an accuracy of 71%, surpassing the best generative model, Mistral, by 2% (p-value < 0.001). For semi-automated workflows, e5 maintained superior performance with 82% recall@10 versus Mistral’s 78%. Our findings demonstrate a pathway to how LLM-based approaches can advance the normalization of multilingual biomedical terms as well as the limitations of LLMs in encoding biomedical concepts.
Association of overweight/obesity and insulin resistance with activation of circulating innate lymphoid cells in women after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sbierski-Kind Julia , Schlickeiser Stephan , Semeia Lorenzo , Harada Saori , Pappa Eleni , Cujar Javier Villamizar , Katschke Minh-Thuy , Gar Christina , Lechner Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Ferrari Uta , Seissler Jochen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing prediabetes or type 2 diabetes later in life. Recent studies have highlighted the regulation and function of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in metabolic homeostasis. However, the multifactorial impact of both overweight/obesity and GDM on the immunological profile of circulating ILCs and the progression to prediabetes are not yet fully elucidated.

Methods

Blood samples from 42 women with a history of insulin-treated GDM (GDMi), 33 women with a history of GDM without insulin treatment during pregnancy (GDM), and 45 women after a normoglycemic pregnancy (Ctrl) participating in the ongoing observational PPSDiab study were analyzed by flow cytometry for markers of ILC subsets at the baseline visit (3-16 months postpartum; Visit 1) and 5 years postpartum (58-66 months postpartum; Visit 3).

Results

During the first 5 years postpartum, 18 women of the GDMi group (42.8%), 10 women of the GDM group (30.3%), and 8 participants of the Ctrl group (17.8%) developed prediabetes, respectively. Total circulating type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and NK cell numbers as well as percent HLA-DR+ILC1s were increased in GDMi versus GDM and Ctrl women both at the baseline visit and the 5-year follow-up. Although ILC subsets at Visit 1 could not predict the progression from GDM to prediabetes, ILC2 frequency was associated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI), whereas percent HLA-DR+ILC1s were inversely correlated. Moreover, circulating leukocytes and total NK cells were associated with waist circumference and fat mass both at Visit 1 and Visit 3.

Discussion

Our findings introduce human ILCs as a potential therapeutic target deserving further exploration.

Trial registration

Study ID 300-11.
Differentiated HIV Service Delivery vs Conventional Care: Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Outcomes for People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Johnson Ann , Chimoyi Lucy , Charalambous Salome , Kawaza Nicole , Hoffmann Chris J , Davis J. Lucian , Chihota Violet
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, which are mechanisms of HIV care that reduce provider visits and offer varied ART delivery methods, are scaling up across sub- Saharan Africa. It is unknown how the movement of patients to DSD models impacts services beyond ART, including the uptake and completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT).

Methods

Using the RE-AIM framework, we analyzed data from Opt4TPT, a longitudinal cohort study examining TPT delivery in South Africa and Zimbabwe. We constructed multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association of receiving ART from a DSD model with the proportion of participants who initiated and completed TPT, as measured by electronic medication boxes. We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between DSD models and time to TPT initiation.

Results

Among 1193 participants, 276 received ART through a DSD model, while 917 used the conventional model. Overall, 1035 (87%) initiated TPT, including 242 (88%) in DSD models and 793 (86%) in conventional models. Receiving ART from a DSD model was not significantly associated (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.74-1.67, p = 0.61) with TPT initiation. DSD models had a significantly longer mean time to initiation (6.5 vs. 2.7 days, p = 0.01). Of the 731 (71%) participants with MERM box data, 356 (49%) completed TPT. Bivariate analysis showed significantly higher odds of completing TPT among those in DSD models (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06- 2.21, p=0.024). This association was not significant in multivariate analysis after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.58-1.36, p=0.58).

Conclusions

We found high TPT uptake in DSD and conventional models of care, indicating that TPT delivery in DSD models is feasible. We found low TPT completion in both models of care, showing a need to focus on improving TPT completion overall.
Oral Contraceptive Use Is Associated with Significant Differences in MicroRNA Cargo of L1CAM-Associated Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Lapato Dana M. , Frye Rebekah , Yakovlev Vasily , Roberson-Nay Roxann
Published: January 2025

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are approved for use after onset of menarche, which is well before brain maturation is complete. OC use may induce biochemical changes in the brain, especially during the neurobiologically dynamic adolescent/young adult years. MicroRNA cargo in L1CAM-associated extracellular vesicles was measured from serum samples collected from young women using the miRCURY LNA miRNA Focus PCR Panel (Qiagen) and validated using quantitative PCR. Linear regression and F-tests were applied to identify differentially expressed microRNAs by OC use (never versus current), and PANTHER pathway analysis was conducted on the gene targets of significantly differentially expressed microRNAs. Twelve microRNAs had significant differential expression variability by OC use (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.002). Pathway analysis revealed that the 1254 unique genes targeted by the significant microRNAs were most enriched for the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway (FDR q = 5 × 10−7), which is associated with the release of gonadotropins, pubertal development, and reproduction. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that microRNA cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles may reflect brain-related biological activity and that OC use may influence extracellular vesicle cargo composition. The significant difference in expression variability may have implications for designing future studies, including power calculations.
Hip fracture rehabilitation in hospital and community settings: A rapid review of the evidence
Authors: Spencer Llinos Haf , Doungsong Kodchawan , Albustami Mohammed , Dorkenoo Shanaz , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Williams Nefyn
Published: January 2025

Background

Proxima; femoral or hip fracture is a common problem among older adults. With an increase in patients with hip fracture comes and increase in the number of patients who require post-surgery rehabilitation. Our aim was to review effectiveness of rehabilitation after hip fracture studies.

Methods

For this rapid review (RR) four databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane Library, were searched for studies published between 1stJanuary 2017 and 15thMay 2023. The population were: people with hip fracture. Interventions: any hospital or community-based hip rehabilitation. Comparisons: improvements in function, and the outcomes were: physical function, quality of life and cost.

Findings

Six studies were included in this RR which focussed on hip fracture rehabilitation programmes published since 2017. The studies were conducted in North America (USA), Europe (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) and Asia (Hong Kong and China). Some randomised controlled trials and some cohort studies found beneficial effects of rehabilitation for older people who had undergone hip replacement treatments. The length of follow-up period ranged from 15 days to one year after surgery. Even though psychological distress, including loss of confidence and frustration, was the most important predictor of depression and anxiety in patients with hip fractures, only one study assessed anxiety and depression status of patients after surgery. It was not possible to combine the results in a meta-analysis as all the studies had different follow-up periods and used different outcome measures.

Interpretation

The goal of achieving personalised rehabilitation treatment is possible and this concept of goal directed personalised rehabilitation should be developed and economically evaluated further. A strength of this review is that robust, recent, and relevant papers regarding rehabilitation following hip replacement were found and described. However, the main limitations were that none of the included studies conducted a cost-analysis of the intervention that they described, and no UK based study was included.
Functionally enriched human polymorphisms associate to species in the chronic wound microbiome
Authors: Gabrilska Rebecca A. , Omeir Khalid , Ancira Jacob , Miller Clint , Tipton Craig D. , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Wolcott Joseph , Noe Ashley , Subasinghe Kumudu , Rowe Megan , Phillips Nicole , Phillips Caleb D.
Published: January 2025

Chronic wounds are a burden to millions of patients and healthcare providers worldwide. With rising incidence and prevalence, there is an urgent need to address non-healing wounds with novel approaches. Impaired wound healing has been shown to be associated with wound microbiota, and multiple bacterial species are known to contribute to delays in closure. Recent evidence suggests human genetics may shape differences in composition of wound microbiomes, and unraveling this relationship has important implications for understanding wound bioburden and tailoring treatment. Here, a two-stage microbiome genome wide association study (mbGWAS; n=509) was used to test effects of human genetics on the relative abundances of bacterial species detected in chronic wounds using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sixteen species were significantly associated to 193 genetic loci distributed across 25 non-overlapping genomic regions. No locus was associated with more than one species, with heritability estimates per species ranging up to 20%. Functional analyses on genomic regions and species resulted in overrepresentation pertaining to pathways relevant to microbial infection and wound healing, suggesting that genetic and species interactions jointly influence the wound microenvironment. Species associated to host genetics in turn exhibited significant co-occurrence relationships with common wound pathogens includingStaphylococcus aureusandFinegoldia magna. Moreover, the overall genetic distance among patients was significantly related to differences in their overall wound microbiome composition. Identification of such genetic biomarkers reveals new mechanistic insight into patient-microbiome interactions and provides an avenue to identify predictive risk factors for diagnosis and management of chronic wounds.
Proximity interactomics identifies RAI14, EPHA2 and PHACTR4 as essential components of Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway in vertebrates
Authors: Gomoryova Kristina , Zezula Nikodem , Radaszkiewicz Tomasz , Paclikova Petra , Cada Stepan , Hanakova Katerina , Ganji Ranjani Sri , Micka Miroslav , Potesil David , Zdrahal Zbynek , Bryja Vitezslav
Published: January 2025

Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade playing an inevitable role in cell biology. Deregulation of Wnt/PCP leads to severe developmental defects or cancer progression. Here, we applied proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) to capture the intracellular interactome of key Wnt/PCP components: transmembrane ROR1, ROR2 and VANGL2, and cytoplasmic DVL3 and PRICKLE1. Mapping of individual preys across the baits and subcellular compartments identified a group of 30 proteins that we tested by loss-of-function in zebrafish. Among those rai14, epha2 and phactr4 were essential for several Wnt/PCP-dependent processes such as zebrafish convergent extension, orientation of lateral organ cells, or migration of melanoma cells. Mechanistically, RAI14, EPHA2 and PHACTR4 connect the receptor complex to effector actomyosin. In summary, this study identified novel essential components of vertebrate WNT/PCP pathway and provides a detailed characterization of PCP complex composition that can serve as comprehensive resource for further analysis of Wnt/PCP function.
Evaluation of Prostaglandin Receptor Agonists and Eupatilin in the Context of Nephronophthisis
Authors: Tata Alice , Rocha Guillaume , Hureaux Marguerite , Serafin Alice , Porée Esther , Menguy Lucie , Goudin Nicolas , Cagnard Nicolas , Gréau Lilian , Fila Marc , Briseno-Roa Luis , Annereau Jean-Philippe , Saunier Sophie , Benmerah Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary cilia are sensory antennas that are present on the majority of quiescent vertebrate cells where they mediate key signaling during development and in response to environmental stimuli. Defects in primary cilia result in a group of heterogeneous inherited disorders with overlapping phenotypes, called ciliopathies. Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive tubulo-interstitial kidney ciliopathy with more than 25 identified genes calledNPHP. Presently, no treatment exists beyond supportive care and kidney transplant, underscoring the need for novel therapies.

Methods

Using a phenotypic screening approach in cultured cell lines, we previously identified prostaglandin analogues as candidate therapeutic molecules based on their ability to rescue ciliogenesis defects in kidney tubular cells fromNPHP1patients. Here, we have investigated the potential beneficial effects of ROCK inhibitors and Eupatilin, similarly identified by other groups in different NPHP contexts, in kidney cells fromNPHP1andIQCB1/NPHP5patients as well as in a zebrafishNPHPmutant line (traf3ip1/ift54).

Results

Eupatilin partially rescuedNPHP1-associated ciliogenesis defects. Transcriptomic analyses pointed out that cell cycle progression was inhibited by Eupatilin, likely explaining its broad effects on cilia assembly. Interestingly, while ciliary defects also observed inNPHP5patient cells were rescued by both prostaglandins and Eupatilin, only prostaglandin analogues were able to reduce pronephric cysts size in the usednphpzebrafish model.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that these molecules can show beneficial effects across genetic contexts and shed light on their potential as therapeutic interventions for nephronophthisis.
Ribosomal protein phylogeography offers quantitative insights into the efficacy of genome-resolved surveys of microbial communities
Authors: Schechter Matthew S. , Trigodet Florian , Veseli Iva A. , Miller Samuel E. , Klein Matthew L. , Sever Metehan , Maignien Loïs , Delmont Tom O. , Light Samuel H. , Eren A. Murat
Published: January 2025

The increasing availability of microbial genomes is essential to gain insights into microbial ecology and evolution that can propel biotechnological and biomedical advances. Recent advances in genome recovery have significantly expanded the catalogue of microbial genomes from diverse habitats. However, the ability to explain how well a set of genomes account for the diversity in a given environment remains challenging for individual studies or biome-specific databases. Here we present EcoPhylo, a computational workflow to characterize the phylogeography of any gene family through integrated analyses of genomes and metagenomes, and our application of this approach to ribosomal proteins to quantify phylogeny-aware genome recovery rates across three biomes. Our findings show that genome recovery rates vary widely across taxa and biomes, and that single amplified genomes, metagenome-assembled genomes, and isolate genomes have non-uniform yet quantifiable representation of environmental microbes. EcoPhylo reveals highly resolved, reference-free, multi-domain phylogenies in conjunction with distribution patterns of individual clades across environments, providing a means to assess genome recovery in individual studies and benchmark biome-level genome collections.
Computational design of toehold switches in eukaryotes and prokaryotes for efficient post-transcriptional control
Authors: Landau Yehuda , Arbel Matan , Benarroch Daniel , Klein Jonathan Yoni , Moree Efi , Tuller Tamir
Published: January 2025

The potential to design RNA molecules implementing translational regulated synthetic networks in eukaryotic cells can be harnessed to ramp up the development of various applications in biotechnology, synthetic biology, agriculture and personalized precision therapeutics. In prokaryotes, RNA based translation activation Toehold switches were demonstrated to achieve high fold change in throughput of a desired expression gene in response to different levels of both exogenous and endogenous target trigger RNA molecules. However, low fold changes were reported for such switches applying similar design architecture for eukaryotes. We developed Triggate, a computational pipeline which implements different algorithms for the efficient design and generation of higher on/off ratio optimized toehold switches in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We also present here a new design architecture for eukaryotic toehold switches which is leaner and simpler. Using our tool and new architecture we report results with a much higher on/off ratio (up to around 13) than achieved before for mRNA toehold switches for eukaryotes.

Triggate is available as a web application athttp://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~tamirtul/Triggate.
Detection of Iron Protein Supercomplexes inPseudomonas aeruginosaby Native Metalloproteomics
Authors: Saito Mak A. , McIlvin Matthew R.
Published: January 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosais a major contributor to infections in humans and is widely distributed in the environment. It is capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth, providing adaptability to environmental changes and in confronting immune responses. We applied high-throughput native 2-dimensional metalloproteomics toP. aeruginosaunder oxic and anoxic conditions. Clear changes were observed in response to low O2, including inducing the denitrification pathway and a variety of metal responsive proteins. The iron metalloproteome revealed four major iron peaks comprised of proteins with similar or synergistic functions: 1) respiratory and metabolic enzymes, 2) oxidative stress response enzymes, 3) DNA synthesis and nitrogen assimilation enzymes, and 4) denitrification enzymes and related copper enzymes. Three ferritins were observed in the metalloproteome and were coordinating with iron peaks 1 and 3. A number of metalloenzymes were more abundant at low oxygen, including: alkylhydroperoxide reductase C to deactivate organic radicals caused by denitrification, all three classes of ribonucleotide reductases, ferritin (increasing in ratio relative to bacterioferritin), and numerous denitrification enzymes. Superoxide dismutase and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase were more abundant at high oxygen. The four Fe peaks contained multiple iron metalloproteins of varying size, implying the presence cytosolic super protein complexes with related functions and dedicated iron storage. This also implies a cellular organization at the protein complex level optimized for metal trafficking and priotization. Together these results provide insight into the cytosol metallome and its response to oxygen and demonstrate the emerging capabilities of metalloproteomic methods in understanding metal use and protein-protein interactions in biological systems.

Graphical Abstract

The iron metalloproteome ofPseudomonas aeruginosawas examined using native (non-denaturing) 2- dimensional chromatographic separation coupled to elemental and proteomic mass spectrometries. Four major iron peaks were observed that corresponded to multi-protein complexes associated with respiratory, antioxidant, DNA production, and denitrification functions, and associated iron storage and supply. The results demonstrate the complex adaptations this microbe has regarding iron homeostasis and trafficking.
Electron-ion collider transverse instabilities due to the crab cavity fundamental impedance
Authors: Mastoridis T. , Loe T. , Blaskiewicz M.
Published: January 2025

The electron-ion collider crab Cavities will present a significant transverse impedance to the beam. The low-level radio frequency system will have to reduce the crab cavity impedance to prevent transverse instabilities, while regulating the crabbing voltage and minimizing the radio frequency noise levels injected into the beam. This work presents an estimate of the crab cavity impedance in the presence of feedback and the resulting stability margins using simplified stability criteria. Generalized stability criteria are also presented in this work and are used to more accurately estimate stability margins.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Precise determination of the Pomeron intercept via a scaling entropy analysis
Authors: Moriggi L. S. , Machado M. V. T.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we confront the geometrical scaling properties of inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross section (e+p→e+X) with the scaling entropy obtained from event multiplicity. We show that these two quantities are equivalent in the kinematic range probed by H1 Collaboration data. We propose that scaling entropy associated with partonic interactions is a more efficient way to detect scaling in experimental data. We used a combined analysis of the inclusive cross section and entropy obtained from multiplicities P(N) of final-state hadrons to accurately determine the value of the Pomeron intercept. The approach could provide new constraints for future hadron collider experiments and deepen our understanding of parton saturation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Photonic multipartite entanglement in discrete variables without arbitrary unitaries
Authors: Banić Milica , Sipe J. E. , Liscidini Marco
Published: January 2025

We present an approach for designing sources of postselected multipartite states based on photon-pair sources. Our approach can be applied to arbitrary target states in different encoding schemes and physical platforms. It also allows one to limit the types of components to be used in the device, such that lossy or difficult-to-implement optical elements can be avoided. As an example, we apply this strategy to design a passive integrated source of frequency-bin-encoded high-dimensional GHZ states with a 10-kHz on-chip generation rate for picojoule pump pulses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Emergent equilibrium and quantum criticality in a two-photon dissipative oscillator
Authors: Mylnikov V. Yu. , Potashin S. O. , Sokolovskii G. S. , Averkiev N. S.
Published: January 2025

We study the dissipative phase transition (DPT) in a quantum oscillator with two-photon drive and two-photon dissipation. Using the semiclassical Langevin equation and the truncated Wigner approximation, we construct a theory of nonperturbative quantum fluctuations and go beyond the semiclassical approximation. We demonstrate the mapping of a two-photon quantum dissipative oscillator onto a classical equilibrium model of a nonlinear classical oscillator in a white-noise environment. Then we justify the applicability of the Boltzmann-Gibbs theory for a given DPT. To do that, we explicitly demonstrate the Boltzmann-Gibbs-like form of the stationary distribution function depending on the effective temperature, which is determined by the two-photon pump rate. In addition, we provide a description of the quantum critical region and obtain critical exponents that appear to be in very good agreement with numerical simulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Quantum many-body scars with unconventional superconducting pairing symmetries via multibody interactions
Authors: Imai Shohei , Tsuji Naoto
Published: January 2025

We present a systematic framework to construct model Hamiltonians that have unconventional superconducting pairing states as exact energy eigenstates, by incorporating multibody interactions (i.e., interactions among more than two particles). The multibody interactions are introduced in a form of the local density-density coupling in such a way that any pair configuration in real space has a constant interaction energy by canceling the two-body and multibody interactions. Our approach is applicable to both spinless and spinful models in any spatial dimensions and on any bipartite lattices, facilitating an exhaustive extension of Yang's s−waveη−pairing state to various other unconventional pairing symmetries (p−wave, d−wave, f−wave, etc.). Particularly, the constructed eigenstates have off-site pairs with finite center-of-mass momentum, which leads to superconducting states with either even-parity and spin-triplet or odd-parity and spin-singlet symmetry. We verify that the two-dimensional spinful Hubbard model on a square lattice with the multibody interactions has the spin-triplet d−wave pairing state as an energy eigenstate, which can be regarded as a quantum many-body scar state as evidenced from the numerical analysis of the pair correlation function, entanglement entropy, and level statistics. We also discuss other examples, including spin-triplet f−wave pairing states on a honeycomb lattice and spin-singlet p−wave pairing states in a one-dimensional chain. These findings open up the possibility of realizing nonequilibrium unconventional superconductivity in a long-lived manner protected against thermalization.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Probing Electronic Coherence between Core-Level Vacancies at Different Atomic Sites
Authors: Wang Jun , Driver Taran , Franz Paris L. , Kolorenč Přemysl , Thierstein Emily , Robles River R. , Isele Erik , Guo Zhaoheng , Cesar David , Alexander Oliver , Beauvarlet Sandra , Borne Kurtis , Cheng Xinxin , DiMauro Louis F. , Duris Joseph , Glownia James M. , Graßl Martin , Hockett Paul , Hoffman Matthias , Kamalov Andrei , Larsen Kirk A. , Li Siqi , Li Xiang , Lin Ming-Fu , Obaid Razib , Rosenberger Philipp , Walter Peter , Wolf Thomas J. A. , Marangos Jon P. , Kling Matthias F. , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Marinelli Agostino , Cryan James P.
Published: January 2025

The detailed understanding of electronic coherence in quantum systems requires measurements on the attosecond timescale. Attosecond x-ray pulses enable the study of electronic coherence in core-excited molecular systems. Here we report on the coherent motion of electrons in the 1,1-difluoroethylene ion following ionization of the K shell of the two nonequivalent carbon sites with a subfemtosecond x-ray pulse. Using the angular streaking technique to track the Auger-Meitner decay, we observe temporal modulations of the emission, indicating the electronic coherence of the core-excited ionic states, and extract a 6.5±0.8  fs average lifetime of the core-level vacancies. A quantum-mechanical model is employed to interpret the measurement, and we find the observed temporal modulations are independent of charge density oscillations. This work opens a new regime of coherent electronic motion, beyond charge migration, where electronic coherence manifests in the nonlocal quantum correlation between atomic sites while charge density oscillation is absent. Our results broaden the landscape of electronic coherence in molecular systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Sequential and Programmable Squeezing Gates for Optical Non-Gaussian Input States
Authors: Yoshida Takato , Okuno Daichi , Kashiwazaki Takahiro , Umeki Takeshi , Miki Shigehito , China Fumihiro , Yabuno Masahiro , Terai Hirotaka , Takeda Shuntaro
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing has been pursued with various hardware platforms and an optical system is one of the most reasonable choices for large-scale computation. In the optical continuous-variable computation scheme, the incorporation of Gaussian gates and a highly nonclassical non-Gaussian state enables universal quantum computation. Although basic technologies for Gaussian gates and non-Gaussian state generation have long been developed, these building blocks have not yet been integrated in a scalable fashion. Here, we integrate them to develop a scalable and programmable optical quantum computing platform that can sequentially perform an essential Gaussian gate, the squeezing gate, on a non-Gaussian input state. The key enablers are a loop-based optical circuit with dynamical and programmable controllability and its time synchronization with the probabilistic non-Gaussian state generation. We verify the deterministic, programmable, and repeatable quantum gates on a typical non-Gaussian state by implementing up to three-step gates. The gates implemented are of such high quality that strong evidence of the nonclassicalities of the states, the negativities of the Wigner functions, are preserved even after multistep gates. This platform is compatible with other non-Gaussian states and can in principle realize large-scale universal quantum computing by incorporating other existing processing technologies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Impact of buyer and competition pressure on supplier manufacturing automation implementation and workforce upskilling: the moderating role of top management support
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Belal , Jayaram Jayanth
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the impact of buyer pressure and competition pressure on supplier manufacturing automation (MA) implementation and the influence of supplier MA implementation on workforce upskilling. This study also investigates the moderating role of top management support on the association between buyer pressure-supplier MA implementation, competition pressure-supplier MA implementation and supplier MA implementation workforce upskilling.

Design/methodology/approach

Grounded in stakeholder theory and a resource-based view, this study uses structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from 201 readymade garment firms in Bangladesh.

Findings

Results indicate that buyer and competition pressure influence supplier MA implementation. Supplier MA implementation provides opportunities to enhance workforce skill levels. Additionally, firms with top management support deal better with buyers and competition pressures on MA implementation. However, top management support does not boost workforce skill levels as influenced by MA implementation.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, ours is the first investigation linking buyer pressure and competition pressures to supplier MA implementation. Supplier MA implementation influencing workforce upskilling is also a novel aspect of this investigation. This study found a moderating effect of top management support on the association between buyer pressure-supplier MA implementation and competition pressure-supplier MA implementation. Moreover, stakeholder theory has been extended by including competitors and top management as crucial stakeholders. This study also contributed to the resource-based view by categorizing MA implementation as a capability and workforce upskilling as a resource.
Retirement status change, social support and life satisfaction among older adults: differences by household income level
Authors: Lim HanNa , Lee Jae Min , Fan Lu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the relationship between changes in retirement status and social support and their associations with the life satisfaction of older adults, with a focus on potential differences across income levels.

Design/methodology/approach

We analyzed various work-retirement pathways using retirement status data from two waves (2016 and 2018) of the biennial Health and Retirement Study. We examined the relationship between these pathways and life satisfaction, incorporating social support from close relationships, including those with a spouse or partner, children, immediate family members and friends. A subgroup analysis was performed based on household income levels.

Findings

The study found that completely or partially retired individuals reported higher life satisfaction than those who continued working. Those who had returned to work also experienced higher life satisfaction, particularly among the low-income group. Among the middle-income group, individuals transitioning toward retirement reported greater life satisfaction than those still working. Across all subgroups, closeness with a spouse or partner and having close friends were positively related to life satisfaction. However, a lack of close relationships with immediate family members was linked to lower life satisfaction in the low- and middle-income groups, though this was not found in the high-income group.

Originality/value

These findings have theoretical, policy, and practical implications for older populations, mainly retirees or those nearing retirement. The study suggests strategies to assist older adults in navigating diverse retirement pathways, such as fostering strong social connections and offering flexible or phased retirement programs to ease the transition.
The integration of Maqasid Shariah in evaluating stablecoins and traditional cryptocurrencies for Islamic portfolios diversification
Authors: Izadin Ahmad Al Izham , Mohd. Yusof Rosylin , Mazlan Ahmad Rizal
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the integration of Maqasid Shariah principles in evaluating stablecoins and traditional cryptocurrencies within Islamic investment portfolios. The focus is on enhancing returns and reducing risk, providing a Shariah-compliant framework for Islamic investors.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses quantile regression and Monte Carlo simulation to analyse the diversification benefits of stablecoins (Tether [USDT] and Tether Gold [XAUT]) and traditional cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin [BTC]) across different Islamic indices by market capitalisation size from 31 December 2020 to 1 July 2024.

Findings

BTC increases returns but with higher volatility, which may conflict with the principles of Islamic finance. However, when viewed from a portfolio perspective, pairing BTC with stablecoins like USDT and XAUT can provide stability and risk mitigation. This strategy aligns better with Maqasid Shariah by minimising excessive uncertainty (Gharar) and offering tangible asset backing. These strategies are particularly relevant to large-cap indices. However, the increased risk in Islamic Mid and Islamic Small portfolios suggests that the diversification benefits are less pronounced for these indices.

Practical implications

The results offer practical insights for investors, portfolio managers, Shariah advisors and policymakers in asset allocation and risk management. Incorporating stablecoins and cryptocurrencies can optimise risk-adjusted returns in Islamic portfolios.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors knowledge, this study is the first to integrate Maqasid Shariah principles in the evaluation of stablecoins and traditional cryptocurrencies, extending the literature on Islamic finance and digital assets. This research offers empirical evidence on the performance and compliance of these assets within Islamic portfolios, providing a comprehensive framework for Shariah-compliant investment strategies.
Air movement operations planning heuristic improvement
Authors: Nelson Russell , Werner Jack , Daniels Rebecca , Kay Michael G. , King Russell E. , McConnell Brandon M. , Thoney-Barletta Kristin
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to improve the air movement operations planning heuristic in the literature to generate better solutions in a shorter time period.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a rigorous design of experiments (DOEs), we make significant heuristic improvements by evaluating alternative modular methodologies and tuning heuristic parameters for two scenarios. This includes a new approach to considering refueling operations.

Findings

We find the fine-tuned heuristic averages a 33% objective improvement and 70% reduction in computation time over the heuristic with original parameters for one of the scenarios. Additionally, we analyze the heuristic's quality of solution over time.

Research limitations/implications

Further analysis is required to generalize heuristic settings, which would require significant access to operational data or a portfolio of scenarios of interest.

Practical implications

Tuned heuristic parameters reduce the computation time from hours to minutes. This also makes it practically feasible to adjust parameters in the objective function to generate multiple courses of action (COAs) for a given instance.

Originality/value

This research provides novel vehicle assignment and routing heuristic improvement alternatives and demonstrates a DOEs-based heuristic tuning procedure.
Smart technology’s potential in smart destinations: a comprehensive UTAUT model with privacy and safety risk moderation
Authors: Omar Azizah , Tiwari Veenus , Saad Mazni
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop a model that explains the relationship between broad personality traits and specific aspects of smart technology acceptance among visitors to smart destinations. It incorporates privacy and safety risks as moderating factors within the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, thereby advancing research in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

The cross-sectional study collected data from 519 respondents using purposive sampling. The questionnaire was administered across two smart destinations to validate the study’s findings.

Findings

Performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions significantly influence behavioral intentions for smart technology use, emphasizing the importance of user-centric design. While social influence’s impact is modest compared to the practical benefits users gain from the technology. Privacy and safety concerns act as barriers, reducing the influence of these drivers and underscoring the need for their mitigation in technology adoption.

Research limitations/implications

This study enhances smart destination theory and practice by emphasizing the critical role of privacy and data security in the deployment of smart technologies. By addressing both the benefits and challenges of these technologies, it offers valuable insights into improving visitors’ overall experience and satisfaction, contributing to more effective smart tourism strategies.

Originality/value

The originality of this research lies in integrating the UTAUT model with risk theory by incorporating perceived privacy and safety risks as moderating factors in the context of smart destinations. This approach deepens the understanding of smart technology acceptance and offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of technology adoption in tourism environments.
Intellectual capital disclosure and firm performance in India: unfolding the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Singhania Abhisheck Kumar , Panda Nagari Mohan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and its components on firm performance (FP) while discovering the recent Indian ICD trend and pattern.

Design/methodology/approach

Visualizing intellectual capital (IC) through the interpretive lens of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the study uses agency and signaling theories to elucidate the empirical relationship between ICD and FP of Indian knowledge-sector firms using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Content analysis is used to capture the ICD of 72 NSE-listed firms for five years.

Findings

While revealing an increasing ICD trend, the study confirms that the Indian knowledge sector firms strategically design the component-wise ICD in hierarchical alignment with their value creation. Despite human capital disclosures favorably influencing FP, the overall ICD negatively impacts FP. Structural and relational capital disclosure contribute to this negative relationship due to apprehended loss of competitive advantage.

Practical implications

The paper provides information that may assist companies in identifying the specific intellectual capital components that drive financial performance. We suggest firms be strategically responsive in intellectual capital management and disclosure practices considering the value effect due to transparency and loss of competitive advantage.

Originality/value

Contradicting the scanty literature, this study provides a realistic conclusion to the ICD–FP relationship in alignment with ICD trends. The study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and accurate view of ICD in the study setting through improved ICD framework and methodological advancement. It adds value in the contemporary market where the competition is intellectual capital-driven.