bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Modules in Metabolism, Cell and Developmental Biology
Authors: Jaeger Johannes , Monk Nick
Published: February 2021

Modularity is an essential feature of any adaptive complex system. Phenotypic traits are modules in the sense that they have a distinguishable structure or function, which can vary (quasi-)independently from its context. Since all phenotypic traits are the product of some underlying regulatory dynamics, the generative processes that constitute the genotype- phenotype map must also be functionally modular. Traditionally, modular processes have been identified as structural modules in regulatory networks. However, structure only constrains, but does not determine the dynamics of a process. Here, we propose an alternative approach that decomposes the behaviour of a complex regulatory system into elementary activity-functions. Modular activities can occur in networks that show no structural modularity, making dynamical modularity more widely applicable than structural decomposition. Furthermore, the behaviour of a regulatory system closely mirrors its functional contribution to the outcome of a process, which makes dynamical modularity particularly suited for functional decomposition. We illustrate our approach with numerous examples from the study of metabolism, cellular processes, as well as development and pattern formation. We argue that dynamical modules provide a shared conceptual foundation for developmental and evolutionary biology, and serve as the foundation for a new account of process homology.
The role and impact methods of state on economic in transition period
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

In this article is discussed the transformation process and state's economic role under the transition period. This article also deals with the main objectives and goals of state regulations, the peculiarities on countries socio-economic formation and procedures of institutional transformation. Government's role in economic development is changing during the transition period. The main important issues that must be set is strictly centralized state regulations and forms that is completely new system in economic management, that should be achieved through the elimination of state's domination over the economic system, strengthening privatization process and so on. It's true that government's dominating power should be eliminated but establishing new marketing - institutional environment and market culture should be developed only under the state's active legislative, coordinative and stimulating control.Theoretical basis of the article represents the researches of foreign scientists, economists and international organization. The methodological basis of the article is based on economic analysis, comparison, grouping methods. While preparing the article, modern experimental methods and model of macroeconomic researches, also researches and statistical data, approaches and methodology of several international organizations were widely used.
TASP1 is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that taspase 1, encoded by TASP1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TASP1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TASP1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TASP1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.
On the factors affecting start-up intention of Millennials in Vietnam
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the problem in high unemployment rate after graduating was an alarming and hot issue in Vietnam. In this scene, the significant appearing of entrepreneurial activities is considered as a measure which can be implemented to address the serious problem and the research which is relative to start-up behaviors in Vietnam is necessary to conduct. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of intrinsic capital and to figure out exactly percentages influence of each variable (Hope, Resilience, Optimism, and Self-efficacy) on entrepreneurial intention among Millennial. To analyze hypotheses, 321 questionnaires were collected randomly through online and offline surveys to test the relationship between inside psycho and thinking through using of SPSS Multiple Regression. The outcome of analysis has already covered that three of four sub-components i.e., hope, resilience, and self-efficacy contained the positive correlation on the intention of entrepreneurship. From a different angle, the optimism did not have a meaningful impact on dependent factors. However, due to the fact that optimism contributed essentially to the prediction of resilient behaviors, optimism can impact intention indirectly through resilience.
Individual pupil size changes as a robust indicator of cognitive familiarity differences
Authors: Franzen Léon , Cabugao Amanda , Grohmann Bianca , Elalouf Karine , Johnson Aaron Paul
Published: February 2021

Cognitive psychology has a long history of using physiological measures, such as pupillometry. However, their susceptibility to confounds introduced by stimulus properties, such as color and luminance, has limited their application. Pupil size measurements, in particular, require sophisticated experimental designs to dissociate relatively small changes in pupil diameter due to cognitive responses from larger ones elicited by changes in stimulus properties or the experimental environment. Here, building on previous research, we present a pupillometry paradigm that adapts the pupil to stimulus properties during the baseline period without revealing stimulus meaning or context by using a pixel-scrambled image mask around an intact image. We demonstrate its robustness in the context of pupillary responses to branded product familiarity. Results show larger average and peak pupil dilation for passively viewed familiar product images and an extended later temporal component representing differences in familiarity across participants (starting around 1400 ms post-stimulus onset). These amplitude differences are present for almost all participants at the single-participant level, and vary somewhat by product category. However, amplitude differences were absent during the baseline period. These findings demonstrate that involuntary pupil size measurements combined with the presented paradigm are successful in dissociating cognitive effects of familiarity from physical stimulus confounds.
Community standards of deception: Deception is perceived to be ethical when it prevents unnecessary harm
Authors: Levine Emma
Published: February 2021

We frequently claim that lying is wrong, despite modeling that it is often right. The present research sheds light on this tension by unearthing systematic cases in which people believe lying is ethical in everyday communication and by proposing and testing a theory to explain these cases. Using both inductive and experimental approaches, I find that deception is perceived to be ethical, and individuals want to be deceived, when deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm. I identify eight implicit rules – pertaining to the targets of deception and the topic and timing of a conversation – that clarify systematic circumstances in which deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm, and I document the causal effect of each implicit rule on the endorsement of deception. I also explore how perceptions of unnecessary harm influence communicators’ use of deception in everyday life, above and beyond other moral concerns. This research provides insight into when and why people value honesty and paves the way for future research on when and why people embrace deception.
Vocal Stress Diary: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Association of Everyday Work Stressors on Human Voice Features
Authors: Langer Markus , König Cornelius J. , Siegel Rudolf , Fredenhagen Therese , Schunck Alexander G. , Hähne Viviane , Baur Tobias
Published: February 2021

The human voice conveys a large range of information about the speaker. Especially prevalent is the assumption stress affects voice features, which is combined with the hope that voice data constitute easy-to-capture measures of everyday human stress levels and thus serve as an early warning signal of stress-related health consequences. However, previous research has been restricted to laboratory studies, artificial tasks, and short-term or extreme stressors meaning it remains unclear whether everyday work stressors are also associated with voice features. As such, we conducted a diary study over the course of one week (Sunday until Sunday), where participants (111 working individuals) provided voice messages and self-report data on daily work stressors. Results show that work stressors were associated with voice features such as speech rate and voice intensity. We discuss research, practical, and ethical implications with regard to the use of the human voice as indicator of psychological states.
Learning whom not to trust across early adolescence: a longitudinal neuroimaging study to trusting behavior involving an uncooperative other
Authors: Schreuders Elisabeth , van Buuren Mariet , Walsh Reubs J , Sijtsma Hester , Hollarek Miriam , Lee Nikki , Krabbendam Lydia
Published: February 2021

Early adolescence may be an important period for developing sensitivity to uncooperative behavior. With this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined longitudinal changes in trusting behavior and their neural correlates in regions of interest (ROIs) selected a priori: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), left anterior insula (AI), bilateral ventral striatum, and right dorsal striatum. Participants played the investor in a Trust Game with an uncooperative trustee (an anthropomorphic cartoon) three times, with one year between each wave. We preregistered our hypotheses and analytic plan. In total, 160 scan sessions of 77 participants (age at wave 1: M=13.89) were included in the analyses. First, we examined changes in trusting behavior involving an uncooperative other, and showed that participants’ investments decreased with wave. Next, we examined whether the investment and repayment phase yielded enhanced activity in the ROIs. In each phase we observed increased activity in the mPFC, dACC, and dorsal striatum, but no effects were found in the bilateral ventral striatum (and AI did not reach significance after multiple comparisons correction). Finally, we examined whether ROI activity changed with wave. During the repayment phase, dorsal striatum activity increased with wave (although this finding did not survive Bonferroni correction, it closely approached our threshold for significance). Together, these results indicate that young adolescents become increasingly responsive to uncooperative behavior; that trust behavior robustly enhanced activity in brain regions previously related to trust and decision-making in social context; and increased involvement of dorsal striatum across early adolescence.
Perceptions of Canadian Federal Policy Responses to COVID-19 among People with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Pettinicchio David , Maroto Michelle Lee , Lukk Martin
Published: February 2021

This study examines how people with disabilities and chronic health conditions—members of a large and diverse group often overlooked by Canadian public policy—are making sense of the Canadian federal government's response to COVID-19. Using original national online survey data collected in June 2020 (N=1,027), we investigate how members of this group view the government's overall response. Although survey results show broad support for the federal government's pandemic response, findings also indicate fractures based on disability type and specific health condition, political partisanship, region, and experiences with COVID-19. Among these, identification with the Liberal party and receipt of CERB stand out as associated with more positive views. Further examination of qualitative responses shows that these views are also linked to differing perspectives surrounding government benefits and spending, partisan divisions, as well as other social and cultural cleavages.
Motivation for Night Work and Parents’ Work-to-Family Conflict and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Weinshenker Matthew
Published: February 2021

Purpose - I test the hypothesis that the effects of evening and night employment on working parents’ work-to-family conflict and life satisfaction depend on the reasons that individuals name for their schedules. Methodology/approach - Regression models are fitted to data from an original sample of 589 employed U.S. parents.Findings –Partnered (married and cohabiting) fathers who work partially in the evening or night experience less work-to-family conflict if they report personal motives, but schedule motivation does not affect work-to-family conflict among partnered or single mothers. Partnered mothers who work primarily in the evening or at night report higher life satisfaction if they do so for personal reasons, but this effect is not found for single mothers or partnered fathers. Specifically seeing their schedules as facilitating family care matters for partnered mothers, but not fathers. Originality/value – Although nonstandard employment schedules have been linked to poor well-being among working parents, this is the first quantitative study to assess the role of worker motivation to the author’s knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The results are suggestive because they are based on a non-probability sample of modest size. However, they demonstrate the need for future studies of employment scheduling to collect information on worker motivations.Social implications – Most night workers in the U.S. do not select their shifts for personal reasons, putting them at risk for work-to-family conflict and reduced life satisfaction. They deserve extra support in exchange for laboring while others sleep or spend time with family.
Racing to Zipf's Law: Race and Metro Population Size 1910-2010
Authors: Fernholz Ricardo , Kramer Rory
Published: February 2021

Residential segregation scholarship traditionally focuses on segregation within metro- politan areas. Concurrently, urban economists have identi?ed that cities and metro areas within a coherent, connected system of cities have population distributions that follow a power law. Further, subpopulations with equal mobility should also have pop- ulation distributions that follow a power law. Using this insight, we introduce a novel method for identifying whether or not racial segregation between metro areas is due to geographical patterns of immigration into coherent systems or due to constrained mobility. We demonstrate the potential of this method by measuring the coherence of the U.S. urban system from 1910-2010 for the white, Black, Asian, and Hispanic populations. Black residents were only distributed across cities in a coherent system after the Great Migration, while Asian and Hispanic residents reached coherence more quickly and stayed coherent more consistently. It appears the Black reverse migration to the south has unsettled their power law distribution. We also ?nd that the size of those networks di?er across populations, and these di?erences are not an artifact of the relative size of the di?erent populations. We conclude with more potential applications of the methodology.
Corona Buat Ekonomi Merana
Authors: Dufan Chania
Published: February 2021

Pada awal tahun 2020 muncul virus yang menggemparkan dunia, virus ini menjadi wabah yang mematikan juataan umat manusia. Virus corona atau covid-19. Sebenarnya virus ini ditemukan pada akhir tahun 2019 yaitu pada bulan 31 Desember, di Wuhan China. Virus ini menyebar ke seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Virus ini dapat menular dengan sangat mudah bisa lewat udara, cairan didalam mulut atau lendir yang berasal dari hidung. Penyebaran virus ini membuat panik seluruh warga dunia. Dengan penyebaran yang sangat cepat ini, hampir semua pemerintah dunia memberlakukan lockdown, dengan pemberlakukan lockdown pemerintah berharap hal tersebut dapat mencegah penyebaran virus covid-19.ReferanceKurniawan, W. (2019). Islam dan Permasalahan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi. Jurnal Ilmiah Humanika, 2(2), 11-22.Kurniawan, W. (2020). Lanskap Keagamaan Indonesia. Pena Persada: PurwokertoKurniawan, W. (2020). Agama, Pendidikan dan Kita. El-Markazi: Bengkulu
Studies on the Acute Toxicity of Aldrin on Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Channa orientalis (Bloch and Schneider)
Authors: Prasad Nayan K , Mandal Chandeshwar P
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the toxicity of Aldrin to two freshwater fishes, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Channa orientalis (Bloch and Schneider) to determine the acute toxicity. The LC50 values were obtained by using a static bioassay method for a period of 24, 48, 72 and 96-hour intervals. The LC50 values of Aldrin to H. fossilis were found to be 45, 35, 30 and 25.5 ppm and to C. orientalis to be 55, 35, 30 and 27 ppm for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. A profuse mucus secretion was evident at higher concentrations as compared to lower ones. In different test solutions, the fishes got excited showing frequent swimming, with increased opercular movements and frequent visit to water surface for gulping atmospheric air. The colour of the fish faded on gradually. Later, the fish became sluggish, settled down at the bottom and died.
Novedades en orquídeas para Uruguay: segunda contribución: Plantas epífitas
Authors: Izaguirre Primavera
Published: February 2021

Se presentan seis especies de orquídeas epífitas no citadas anteriormente para Uruguay, de los géneros Acianthera Scheidw., Capanemia Barbosa Rodrigues con una nueva variedad, Gomesa R. Brown, Trichocentrum Poeppig & Endl. y Campylocentrum Bentham. Se proveen descripciones, ilustraciones, datos de distribución geográfica, claves de identificación, referencias de herbario y status de conservación.
Factors Underlying Spatial Variability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain Quality at Field and Regional Level
Authors: Marchesi Claudia , Thompson James F. , Plant Richard E.
Published: February 2021

Accounting for the spatial variability of resources and yields has become both important and feasible in agricultural systems research. Such variability can be detected and addressed at various scales, from that of a small field to a whole region, and completely different problems arise at each scale. Traditionally, agricultural issues have been studied at a small scale (field plots) and then extrapolated in an ad hoc manner to a larger scale (field or region). Results of this process are not always accurate due to the intrinsic differences between the local and the regional level of analysis. In this paper we pursue different approaches as an example of a means of dealing with a particular issue, rice grain quality, at two scales, field and region. At the field level, we test a model that relates head rice (HR) to grain moisture content (GMC) and GMC pattern before harvest. At the region level, we propose a model to predict optimum harvest time for rice varieties in California, based on a degree days (DD) approach. Practical results obtained aid in reducing the risk of loosing HR grain quality at harvest.
Aumento en la producción de semillas de soja (Glycine max) empleando abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Santos Estela , Mendoza Yamandú , Vera Máximo , Carrasco-Letelier Leonidas , Díaz Sebastián , Invernizzi Ciro
Published: February 2021

En Uruguay el incremento sostenido de los cultivos de soja (Glycine max) en los últimos años ha perjudicado a la industria apícola al desplazar a otros cultivos, por ejemplo las leguminosas forrajeras. Aunque la soja es una especie autógama, algunos estudios señalan que la producción de semillas puede incrementarse con insectos polinizadores, especialmente con abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si las abejas melíferas y otros insectos incrementan la producción de semillas en un cultivo de soja convencional. Para ello se instaló un apiario de 10 colmenas en una parcela de 120 ha de soja. Se registró la presencia de abejas y otros insectos a diferentes distancias del apiario evaluando la producción de semillas a 200 y 500 m. En las colmenas se determinó el origen botánico del néctar y el polen que colectaron las abejas. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron: 1) Las abejas no se distribuyeron en el cultivo siguiendo un gradiente con la distancia al apiario. 2) Las abejas colectaron néctar y polen de las flores de soja, aunque la planta tendría un mayor valor nectarífero que polinífero. 3) La producción de semillas se incrementó significativamente un 25% a 500 m del apiario, pero no a 200 m. Esta diferencia pudo deberse a distintas concentraciones de nitrógeno y potasio en el suelo. Este estudio muestra que la producción de semillas de soja puede incrementarse en presencia de abejas melíferas abriendo una perspectiva para la complementación de la producción sojera y apícola.
Variación estacional del estado hídrico y crecimiento de Pinus taeda L. bajo diferente manejo silvícola en el noreste de Uruguay
Authors: Gándara José , Viega Luis , Ross Silvia , Munka Carolina , Bentancourt Óscar
Published: February 2021

El raleo y la poda afectan la disponibilidad hídrica y en consecuencia el crecimiento de las plantaciones forestales, aunque noes claro que el manejo silvícola afecte de igual manera a plantaciones con diferentes grados de disponibilidad hídrica en los suelos. En un rodal de Pinus taeda L. de cinco años en Tacuarembó (Uruguay, 31º 38’S, 55º 41’W) se evaluaron los efectos del primer raleo (40 %) y poda (50 %) (mayo/2008) sobre el potencial hídrico y el crecimiento posterior. En tres sitios, dos sobre suelos profundos y uno sobre suelos superficiales, se instalaron parcelas con sus respectivas áreas testigo. En cada parcela se midió: potencial hídrico foliar base (Ψb) y mediodía (Ψmd), diámetro a la altura del pecho y altura de fuste cada seiss emanas entre julio/2008 y enero/2010. Se calculó el déficit de presión de vapor (Dpv) del rodal y la evapotranspiración relativa (ETR) por sitio. El tratamiento redujo el Ψb durante los meses con mayor déficit de ETR y este efecto fue más prolongado sobre suelos superficiales. El Ψmd fue menor en suelos profundos (-2,51 vs -2,09 ± 0,34 MPa), posiblemente por una mayor actividad transpiratoria (ΔΨw). Ψmd y Ψb se relacionaron linealmente hasta valores de Ψb próximos a -1,00MPa, aunque no hubo asociación durante el período de alta deficiencia de ETR. Existió una asociación positiva entre la tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) y ΔΨw pero TCR no fue afectada por sitio ni manejo. Los resultados sugieren que el raleo y la poda incrementaron la actividad transpiratoria.
Establishing a Rice Calli Subculture System With Long-term Morphogenic Potential
Authors: Pérez Bernal Maylin , Cabrera Yeosvany , Delgado Magalis , Abreu Daymi , Valdivia Onel , Armas Raúl
Published: February 2021

This paper describes a subculture system of rice calli (cultivar J-104) that maintains the potential for long-term regeneration. We examined the effects of 2.4-D (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/L) and time of subculture on the morphogenesis and regeneration potential. Calli were subcultured for two years on semisolid medium, in the dark. During this time, calli with similar weight were monthly transferred to the regeneration medium, under photoperiod regime. Plant regeneration took place through two morphogenic pathways: indirect somatic embryogenesis and indirect organogenesis. The concentration of 2.4-D used in the callogenesis determined the prevalence of one path or another. In the first ten months of subculture, embryogenesis prevailed over organogenesis. However, from this point to the final stages, the shoots were organogenic. Callus lines retained their regeneration potential by organogenesis until the end of the second year, without presenting a significant number of abnormal plants. These results indicate that it is possible to maintain for two years J-104 rice callus lines potentially morphoge-nic, which can be applied to a plastid transformation protocol, specifically to the design of an efficient and long-stage selection, for reaching of homoplasmy during the callus period, before the regeneration of the plants.
Proceso de toma de decisiones relacionado al uso del suelo de explotaciones hortícolas familiares
Authors: Pedemonte Ana , Molina Carlos , Álvarez Jorge
Published: February 2021

La investigación se desarrolló para conocer los mecanismos utilizados por los productores en la toma de decisiones relacionada a la organización del uso del suelo para horticultura. Se realizaron entrevistas a una muestra de 20 productores vinculados a tres agrupaciones de Canelones, Uruguay. Luego en función del uso de rotaciones y del mantenimiento de la superficie de cultivos entre años se identificaron cuatro formas de uso del suelo hortícola: planificada, regida por la lógica del mercado, estable e inestable. Los productores fueron agrupados en estos tipos y se caracterizaron los procesos decisorios. Para cada proceso se diagramó un modelo de toma de decisiones. Como resultado se destaca que la mayoría mantenían los cultivos principales, los que fueron seleccionados en base a la experiencia y la disponibilidad de mano de obra, mientras queen varios productores se agrega como factor determinante la generación de flujos continuos de ingresos, vinculados a la diversificación de cultivos y a otras producciones. Por otro lado, la superficie total de cultivo se relacionó a la disponibilidad de mano de obra y la superficie disponible, y en muchos de los casos surgió la saturación del mercado como determinante. Cuando contaban con rotaciones establecidas estas definían la localización, mientras que en los otros casos se buscaba no repetir los cultivos en el mismo cuadro. En conclusión se destacó la prevalencia del grupo de productores estables (sin rotación definida pero que mantenían la superficie de los cultivos principales) marcando la tendencia a la estabilidad en el uso del suelo por cultivo.
Dinámica de la agricultura uruguaya: la visión de los actores
Authors: Vassallo Miguel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo pretende confirmar la importancia de cuatro hipótesis de interpretación sobre los cambios acontecidos entre 2000-2010, estudiados en la primera parte de la investigación. En ella se revisó lo acontecido en los rubros más significativos: ganadería, lechería, agricultura, arroz, forestación, citricultura, en el marco del comportamiento económico general y del precio de la tierra, en base a información estadística y bibliográfica. Las hipótesis de interpretación del proceso son: i) el mercado internacional, ii) la dinámica de la economía agrícola regional, iii) las inversiones sectoriales y el cambio técnico, iv) la estabilidad institucional y las políticas económicas. El objetivo general de esta segunda parte del trabajo es confrontar las cuatro hipótesis orientadoras del trabajo con la opinión de expertos sectoriales, así como la ampliación o incorporación de nuevas hipótesis de interpretación. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se basó en el relevamiento de las opiniones de 56 actores relevantes, partícipes de las seis cadenas agroindustriales y con diferente inserción en las mismas, profundo conocimiento de ellas y/o visiones generales del sector, mediante entrevistas focalizadas, individuales, con una pauta prediseñada. El relevamiento (no estadístico) refleja las conclusiones del grupo de investigación en la primera parte del estudio. Por ende, las hipótesis se respaldan en las opiniones de actores relevantes y en las fuentes aplicadas a la primera parte. En consecuencia, se puede sostener que estas cuatro hipótesis explican el comportamiento económico sectorial. Asimismo, no se relevan nuevas hipótesis que reúnan una importante confluencia de opiniones.
Effect of Pre-treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Psidium guineense Swartz
Authors: Dresch Daiane Mugnol , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Neves Eliane Marques da Silva , Masetto Tathiana Elisa , Mussury Rosilda Mara
Published: February 2021

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-treatments with gibberellin, the initial substrate humidity, and incubation temperature on the germination of Psidium guineense Swartz seeds. The seeds were submitted to four pre-treatments with gibberellin (GA3 ) (50 and 100 mg L-1)and distilled water during 24 hours, and control. Sowing was carried out on Germitest® paper that was moistened with distilled water at humidity levels corresponding to 1.5 and 2.5 times the weight of dry paper. The seeds were then incubated at a constant temperature (25 or 30 °C) and alternate temperatures (20-30 °C). Experiments were randomized, with a factorial scheme 4 × 2 × 3 (pre-treatment × initial substrate humidity × temperature) with four replicates of 25 seeds each. Germination rate and seedling growth of P. guineense were not affected by pre-germination treatments. For an optimum germination rate and seedling growth, seeds of P. guineense should be sown at alternate temperatures of 20-30 °C or 25 °C and in substrate moisture of 1.5 or 2.5 times the dry paper mass.
Estudio de características fenotípicas y análisis de distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad en cultivares de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) en Uruguay
Authors: Boschi Federico
Published: February 2021

La obtención del título de propiedad de un cultivar es una estrategia de los obtentores que, sumada a la certificación de semillas, respalda la calidad genética que reciben los agricultores al momento de adquirir sus semillas. El ensayo de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) siguiendo las directrices de la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV) es uno de los requisitos para la protección de un cultivar. Los ensayos DHE de Allium cepa L. (cebolla) fueron realizados en el Instituto Nacional de Semillas (INASE) en Barros Blancos, Uruguay, en los años 2011 y 2012. Se utilizaron las directrices de la UPOV como metodología para realizar el DHE de cinco cultivares protegidos y 19 cultivares notoriamente conocidos. Además, se estudiaron las distancias fenotípicas por el método de conglomerados «Jaccard» y el software para DHE «GAIA». Los cinco cultivares protegidos fueron diferentes a los conocidos y homogéneos en sus características, las que se mantuvieron estables en los dos ensayos. Se realizó la descripción varietal de los 24 cultivares estudiados. El dendograma en base a las distancias «Jaccard» ordenó los cultivares en tres grupos. «Canarita CRS» y «Pantanoso del Sauce CRS» fueron los cultivares más parecidos fenotípicamente y se encuentran en el grupo 2, seguidos de «Angaco INTA» y «Babosa» en el grupo 1. Por sus similitudes fenotípicas todos los cultivares de origen nacional se pueden reunir en un grupo. Estos estudios permiten describir y caracterizar cultivares que se encuentran disponibles para los agricultores.
Estudio de las finalidades de funcionamiento de un grupo de explotaciones familiares ganaderas extensivas
Authors: Dieguez Francisco
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de los objetivos de funcionamiento de explotaciones ganaderas familiares y las reglas estratégicas para llevarlos a cabo. Para ello se utilizaron veinte diagramas de Finalidades y Reglas Estratégicas, generados por la metodología del Análisis Global de Explotaciones Agropecuarias (AGEA) como forma de modelación del predio. Para visualizar el conjunto de resultados obtenidos de los casos analizados, se utilizó el análisis multivariado de conglomerados y el enfoque de redes, como herramientas para generar conjuntos homogéneos de Finalidades de funcionamiento del sistema y sus relaciones con las Reglas Estratégicas subordinadas. Se plantea como hipótesis general que existen objetivos no económicos que determinan el funcionamiento de los sistemas familia explotación. Se agruparon los conceptos vertidos en los modelos por analogía, considerando tres dimensiones de la sustentabilidad: económica, social y agroecológica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una alta frecuencia de ocurrencia de finalidades económicas, relacionadas a los ingresos y al patrimonio, y otras no económicas, vinculadas con el estilo de vida rural. Estas finalidades tienen como reglas en común asegurar los ingresos, gestionar el riesgo y los costos, así como el manejo de la información para la toma de decisiones. No se constataron finalidades agroecológicas en sí mismas. El conocimiento de las finalidades de las explotaciones y de qué se hace para alcanzarlas surge como fundamental para comprender el funcionamiento de los sistemas familia-explotación, en especial a la hora de cualquier intervención técnica.
Utilización del grano entero de avena como fuente de fibra en raciones para terneros
Authors: Beretta Virginia , Simeone Alvaro , Bentancur Oscar , Pancini Stefania , Banchero Noel , García Emiliano , Martínez Virginia , Oneto Lautaro
Published: February 2021

Se realizaron dos experimentos con el objetivo de estudiar el valor del grano entero de avena (GEA) como fuente de fibra físicamente efectiva (peFDN) en raciones para terneros. En el experimento 1, 24 terneros Hereford (177±18 kg) fueron sorteados a ocho grupos y estos a una de cuatro raciones (79 % concentrado), definidas por niveles crecientes de sustitución de heno de moha (HM) por GEA: 0:21, 7:14, 14:7, 21:0 % base materia seca (MS) GEA:HM, respectivamente. Niveles crecientes de GEA resultaron en una respuesta cuadrática de peFDN (P= 0,04) ubicándose por encima del 15 %. El consumo aumentó en forma cuadrática (P= 0,03) y la digestibilidad linealmente (P= 0,03). Como resultado, a mayor GEA la eficiencia de conversión tendió a mejorar (P= 0,08). En el Experimento 2, cuatro novillos provistos de cánula ruminal se asignaron en un diseño crossover a dos raciones (65 % concentrado), difiriendo en la fuente de peFDN: 35 % hm o 35 % GEA, con el objetivo de estudiar sus características fermentativas. La sustitución de HM por GEA redujo el pH medio del rumen (5,9 vs. 6,3, P <0,01) variando entre 6,1 y 5,8, permaneciendo las 24 h por debajo de los valores registrados para hm. No se afectó la fracción de la ms potencialmente degradable en rumen, pero aumentó la tasa de fermentación para GEA (35,0 vs. 9,0 %/h; P= 0,02), y la degradabilidad efectiva (58,3 vs. 65,4 %; P= 0,048). Los resultados de ambos experimentos sugieren que es viable el uso del GEA como fuente de peFDN en raciones concentradas.
Understanding the challenges and opportunities of micro, small, and medium enterprises during covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a systematic review
Authors: Sudarmo Sudarmo
Published: February 2021

Through this review, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities for MSMEs during a pandemic in Indonesia. This review examines the two sides of the small business experience, both difficulties, and opportunities. Understand these small business movers' experiences and success stories, a series of data collection; Google search, Google Scholar, ERIC Publications, and other data sources. Then we continue our in-depth analysis with a phenomenological approach until we get valid and reliable data in answering the questions of this systematic review study. Analyzing our data starts with understanding the study problem, coding the data, evaluating the data in-depth, and drawing data conclusions. The procedure and design of this systematic review study followed the guidelines for descriptive qualitative research methods. These findings include that most MSMEs have turned challenges into opportunities in sustaining their businesses after being hit by the Pandemic through the support of many parties, especially the government and experts. Thus the findings of this study are essential inputs to support MSMEs to survive and be sustainable.
PECULIARITIES OF SANDSTONE DISLOCATIONS IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF GLUBOKOYARSK NORMAL FAULT ON THE FIELD OF THE MINE “CAPITAL”
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Alokhin Viktor , Dubosarskyi Viktor , Rostovska Yelyzaveta
Published: February 2021

Purpose. Investigation of the conditions peculiarities of occurrence and rupture deformations of sandstones in outcrops along the right bank of the river Kazenny Torets in the field of the mine “Capital”. Methodology. In this work there were used: traditional structural-geological methods of field research; methods of field tectonophysical research; computer programs “Fabric-8” and “Win-Tensor” for processing field data, building of the stretch rose-diagrams of rupture deformations and reconstructing paleostress fields. Results. The conditions of occurrence of sandstones and their changes in space have been investigated. The systems of tectonic fractures, their mineral filling and influence on the material composition of the sedimentary rocks have been studied. Special tectonophysical studies have been carried out to determine the signs of paleostress fields of different kinematic types and ages.Reconstruction of paleostress fields was carried out using the elements of beding of cracks, grooves and slip lines on their slide mirrors. Several systems of rupture dislocations have been identified based on the results of studies in the hanging wing of the Glubokoyarsky fault. Systems of cracks have been identified, which facilitated the migration of deep-seated solutions with iron compounds. Such solutions changed the composition of sandstones in the wings of ruptured dislocations and formed zones of rock saturation with iron hydroxides up to 10 cm thick. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the outcrops on the day surface in sandstones of the hanging wing of the Glubokoyarsk fault, systems of tectonic fault dislocations of higher orders have been established. The repeated tectonic activation of the Glubokoyarsk normal fault in fields of paleostresses of different kinematic types has been established. The influence of ruptured dislocations on the formation of accumulations of iron hydroxides in rocks has been studied. Practical significance. The features of the conditions of occurrence of sandstones and the system of faulting dislocations in the hanging wing of the Glubokoyarsky fault have been established, which make it possible to predict the structural-geological, tectonic and tectonophysical conditions near fault dislocations, which is important for planning and carrying out mining operations in mine fields. Key words: sandstones, fault, tectonic cracks, iron hydroxides, reconstruction, paleostress field.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF THE ENERGY SECTOR ENVIRONMENTALIZATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: HETMAN O. L.
Published: February 2021

Topicality. The issue of the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector becomes increasingly topical due to the necessity to define the achievement or vice versa - leveling the management goal which is the reorientation of the energy sector in conformity to the new environmentally oriented goals conditioned by the internal environmental issues, international demands and national interests of the country. Environmentalization of the energy sector became very topical both from the point of view of the national interests in connection with the existing challenges in front of the country, environmental condition, vectors of the ecological strategic development and socio-economic interests. The man-caused load on the environment results in different types of the social, ecological, economic damage, reduction of the enterprises’ efficiency and potential of their competitiveness under the conditions of the world environmentally oriented challenges. Environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector is the possibility to see the condition of the environmental transformation process and improvement of the energy sector which will show the results of adopted management steps or determine their weaknesses for further adaptation of the management process to the existing challenges and searching for the methods of satisfaction of the social, ecological, economic interests of the country which defined the topicality of this research. Aim and tasks. The article is aimed at grounding the methodological approach to the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector. Research results. Methodological approach to the environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector is based on the concept of the management process formalization, mainly, on the accentuation of the tough interaction of the management subjects involved in the achievement of the goal of the national interests satisfaction with regard to the environmentalization of the energy sector, management objects adapted to the management decisions passed and the related institutional ground necessary to achieve the management goals. Conclusion. The environmentalization management diagnostics in the energy sector shall reflect the interaction between the separate parts of the management process: Coherence of economic and environmental politics concerning the environmentalization of the energy sector with management of the processes of technical and technological insurance, coherence of the social, ecological, economic processes and coherence of the activity of management subjects of the lower level with the management goals of the higher. Such unified interaction shall result in the synergistic effect of national interests achievement in the environmentalization of the energy sector at different management levels: local, regional, national
The Voice in Women
Authors: Borts Barbara
Published: February 2021

Most Jews have heard about Kol Isha, the proscription against women raising their voices in song. But discussions about the voice of a woman were broader than whether or not she could sing and in what context, and in whose presence. The discomfort men had about women, not just singing but also speaking, has never been simply an issue of a voice, but rather of a voice embodied in a particular body, a female body, whose physical presence has traditionally presented a problem for Jewish men. These days, this is not solely an uncomfortable problem within the Orthodox Jewish world, but also within the progressive Jewish world, where women’s voices and women’s presence are still challenging and discomfiting to people. Nor does it remain solely a source of Jewish anxiety; women and their voices affect women in all aspects of secular life as well.
What Can Rabbinic Depictions of Ruth’s Conversion Teach Us about the Importance of Belief in Judaism?
Authors: Kirschenbaum Maciej ‘Mati’
Published: February 2021

This article examines selected stories of Ruth’s conversion in order to find out whether the belief in God was an explicit conversion requirement in rabbinic Judaism. This examination aims to establish whether there are rabbinic sources that could support the decision to convert non-believers to Progressive Judaism. First, the article examines the story of Ruth’s conversion in bYevamot 47a–b in the context of rabbinic conversion requirements delineated in bYevamot 46a–48b. It proposes that Yevamot 47a–b treats the belief in God as an implicitly necessary requirement for conversion. Second, the article analyses the story of Ruth’s conversion found in Targum Ruth, which includes the description of Ruth’s belief in the World-to-Come but focuses on pious observance of the commandments. Finally, the article posits that the absence of explicit references to faith in God among rabbinic conversion requirements calls for Progressive communal and liturgical openness to contemporary Jewish struggles with belief.
On the Trails of Free-Roaming Elephants
Authors: Keil Paul G.
Published: February 2021

Humans and elephants have historically shared the forested mountain ranges of Zomia, a geography defined by the regular movement of people and an ecology shaped by the movement of its elephant population. This article will examine how free-roaming elephant pathways facilitated human mobility in the highlands defining the Indo-Myanmar border. It will analyze the more-than-human agency that emerges when following elephant trails and the varying role this forest infrastructure might have played in the social and political history of the region. The article will explore two historical examples. First, the migration of a Lisu community in Upper Myanmar who utilized elephant paths to navigate their passage. Second, how the British Empire exploited a network of elephant-human tracks to subjugate the peoples living in Mizoram, northeast India. In these regions the patterns of migration, history of colonization, and identities and practices of communities must be understood in relation to wild elephants.
LGBT Refugees and the Visual Representation of Transnational Mobility
Authors: van der Wal Ernst
Published: February 2021

This article examines how photographic interviews can be used to represent the life stories of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender refugees. Transnational and cross-border movements have a significant impact on the photographic and narrative self-representation of such refugees. By focusing on the example of a photographic interview project, The Story That Travelled, this article demonstrates how ideas surrounding community, citizenship, and transnational mobility are interpreted and visualized by refugees who have fled their countries of origin because of their sexuality and/or gender. In addition, this article considers how digital technologies impact lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender refugees and their experience and negotiation of borders.
Walking as a Metaphor
Authors: Ray Avishek
Published: February 2021

This article reflects on the dissenting act of mobility as articulated by migrant workers in India, who, during the nationwide lockdown amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, are walking back home, hundreds of miles away, in lieu of public transport. Their mobility—precisely, the act of walking—has thus acquired a metaphoric status, and laid bare the ideological practices of territorializing the city-space. This article argues that the migrant worker's mobility, from within the axiomatic of the prevalent “mobility regime,” can be read as a powerful metaphor of our tensions within the global political-economic order that the pandemic has so starkly exposed. The article provokes less literal, but more literary, understandings of mobilities in general, in order to come to grips with the manifold contradictions, paradoxes, and counteractions in the way the world moves.