bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UHPLC-MS Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Aromatic Acids and One Monoterpene in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction
Authors: Su Shulan , Cui Wenxia , Duan Jin-Ao , Hua Yongqing , Guo Jianming , Shang Erxin , Liu Pei , Tang Yuping
Published: May 2013

We developed a sensitive and rapid method for determination of ferulic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and paeoniflorin in rat plasma based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The separation of the four compounds was carried out on an AcQuity UHPLC™ BEH C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid). Electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used to identify and quantify active components. All calibration curves gave good linearity (r > 0.991) over the concentration range from 4.24–2875 ngmL-1 for all components. The precision of the in vivo study was evaluated by intraday and interday assays and the percentages of RSD were all within 10.6%. The recovery ranged from 60.2 to 77.9%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of all three aromatic acids and one monoterpene in rat plasma. Furthermore, we compared the pharmacokinetics profile of the four compounds in normal and primary dysmenorrhea rats' plasma following oral administration of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction (SFZYD) and its ethanol supernatant extract (SFE).
EFFECT OF NUCLEAR DEFORMATION ON THE POTENTIAL BARRIER AND ALPHA-DECAY HALF-LIVES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI
Authors: PAHLAVANI M. R. , ALAVI S. A. , TAHANIPOUR N.
Published: May 2013

The alpha-decay half lives of superheavy elements have been calculated in the framework of WKB method. The effective potential has been considered as summation of the deformed Woods–Saxon nuclear potential, deformed Coulomb potential and centrifugal term. The quadrupole, hexadecapole and hexacontatetrapole deformations have been included in the calculation. The effect of hexacontatetrapole deformation on the potential barrier has been presented, separately. The good agreement between theory and experiment has been observed for alpha-decay half-lives of heavy and superheavy elements.
CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARD MODEL PARTICLES IN E6ORBIFOLD GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES
Authors: KAWAMURA YOSHIHARU , MIURA TAKASHI
Published: May 2013

We classify the standard model fermions, which originate from bulk fields of the 27 or [Formula: see text] representation after orbifold breaking, in E6grand unified theories on five- or six-dimensional space–time, under the condition that q, ecand ucsurvive as zero modes for each 27 or [Formula: see text]. We study features of supersymmetric SU(5) ×U(1)1×U(1)2model.
AN AUTOMATED ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY SYSTEM USING A SKIN DETECTOR BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A REVIEW
Authors: ZAIDAN A. A. , KARIM H. ABDUL , AHMAD N. N. , ZAIDAN B. B. , SALI A.
Published: May 2013

Unprecedented advances in Internet technologies with multimedia capabilities have enabled pornography and adult content to be widely and freely distributed as easy as a click of a mouse through various means such as YouTube, Facebook, and Tags. Protecting children from unnecessary exposure to adult content has, therefore, become a serious problem in the real world. In particular, the considerable perversion in pornography and the exposure of children and the society to such perversions leads to moral decay. Constructing an appropriate filter for pornographic images is a major concern in modern society; however, this area poses challenges. This study aims to shed light on a content-based technique that employs an anti-pornography machine and to encourage researchers to study this adult image filtering technique. In this study, we discuss models of skin detection and their advantages and disadvantages in real life. We also elaborate on the pornographic image classifier using a feature extraction process and its classification process, along with the possible difficulties it may present. This study also analyzes anti-pornography techniques based on skin detection and discusses their strengths and weaknesses.
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS OF PRIME-POWER ORDER BY COCLASS: THE 3-GROUPS OF COCLASS 2
Authors: EICK BETTINA , LEEDHAM-GREEN C. R. , NEWMAN M. F. , O'BRIEN E. A.
Published: May 2013

In this paper we take a significant step forward in the classification of 3-groups of coclass 2. Several new phenomena arise. Theoretical and computational tools have been developed to deal with them. We identify and are able to classify an important subset of the 3-groups of coclass 2. With this classification and further extensive computations, it is possible to predict the full classification. On the basis of the work here and earlier work on the p-groups of coclass 1, we formulate another general coclass conjecture. It implies that, given a prime p and a positive integer r, a finite computation suffices to determine the p-groups of coclass r.
DYNAMICS OF FRACTALITY AND PHASE TRANSITION IN MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS
Authors: KAMAL ARSHAD , AHMAD N. , KHAN M. M. , HAQUE M. I. , ZAFAR M. , IRFAN M.
Published: May 2013

This paper reports the results of an investigation regarding occurrence of second-order phase transition in 14.5A GeV /c28 Si -nucleus interactions using the method of scaled factorial moments. Incidentally, the value of the universal scaling exponent, ν, for our experimental data is found to be 1.224±0.068, which is quite close to its critical value 1.304. An attempt is also made to search for the evidence of phase transition in terms of Levy index, μ, using scaled factorial moments as well as Takagi moments for both experimental and FRITIOF generated data sets. Average value of μ, calculated from Fq moments, turns out to be more than unity but is less than unity when estimated in terms of Takagi moments for both the data sets. Thus the analyses carried out in terms of Fq and Takagi moments reveal the occurrence of nonthermal and thermal phase transitions, respectively.
FROM DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION OF 4d SPIN FOAM MODEL TO ADDING NON-GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS TO 3d SPIN FOAM MODEL
Authors: FANI SOMAYEH , KAVIANI KAMRAN
Published: May 2013

A Kaluza–Klein-like approach for a 4d spin foam model is considered. By applying this approach to a model based on group field theory in 4d (TOCY model), and using the Peter–Weyl expansion of the gravitational field, reconstruction of new non-gravitational fields and interactions in the action are found. The perturbative expansion of the partition function produces graphs colored with SU(2) algebraic data, from which one can reconstruct a 3d simplicial complex representing space-time and its geometry (like in the Ponzano–Regge formulation of pure 3d quantum gravity), as well as the Feynman graph for typical matter fields. Thus a mechanism for generation of matter and construction of new dimensions are found from pure gravity.
Phthalocyanines with phosphonate moiety viaC-nucleophilic substitution in phthalonitriles
Authors: Negrimovsky Vladimir , Komissarov Aleksey , Perepukhov Alexandr , Suponitsky Kyrill , Perevalov Valery , Lukyanets Evgeny
Published: May 2013

Interaction of isomeric 4-nitro- or 3-nitrophthalonitrile with triethyl phosphonoacetate, diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate or tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate in basic conditions resulted in regioselective C -nucleophilic oxidative substitution of hydrogen ortho-located to nitro group, new phthalonitriles with diethoxyphosphorylmethyl or bis(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl group were isolated in modest yields. In the same conditions one chlorine atom of tetrachlorophthalonitrile was regioselectively substituted with triethyl phosphonoacetate. In basic conditions, both parent phthalonitriles and corresponding zinc phthalocyanines with ortho-located nitro and diethoxyphosphoryl substituted methyl groups are involved in reversible acid-base interaction accompanied with large bathochromic shift of their long wavelength absorption maxima in visible or NIR region, correspondingly. Formation of tetraazachlorin- and tetraaza(iso)bacteriochlorin-like anions is proposed for explanation of this unprecedent bathochromic shift for phthalocyanines.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of a porphyrin-perinaphthothioindigo dye
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Dy Joanne , Maeda Rena , Nagatsuka Yasunori , Kamada Kenji , Kobuke Yoshiaki
Published: May 2013

A new porphyrin-perinaphthothioindigo composite, where porphyrin and perinaphthothioindigo dye are connected though a triple bond, was synthesized. In UV-vis absorption spectra of the composite, absorption originating from the trans-isomer appeared at 655 nm. Upon photoirradiation at > 700 nm, the intensity of this absorption decreased with increase of absorption of the cis-isomer around at 530 nm. The HOMO–LUMO absorption of the cis-isomer is blue-shifted by 125 nm compared to that of trans-isomer due to the lack of π-conjugation. The 2PA cross-section values obtained for both isomers were 2,000 and 700 GM, respectively. The value of 2,000 GM is of the largest class among the values reported for photochromic compounds. The enhancement factors by the connection of porphyrin to perinaphthothioindigo were found to be 3.5–3.9 by measuring cross-section values of bis(TMS-ethynyl)perinaphthothioindigo as the reference compound. Two-photon isomerization of the trans-isomer to the cis-isomer was successfully conducted using femtosecond pulses.
A light-harvesting porphyrin-boron dipyrromethene conjugate
Authors: Liu Jian-Yong , Ermilov Eugeny A. , Röder Beate , Ng Dennis K.P.
Published: May 2013

Click chemistry has been successfully applied to prepare a conjugate of zinc(II) porphyrin with four boron dipyrromethene moieties. Upon excitation at the latter, an efficient excitation energy transfer to the porphyrin core occurs with an energy transfer quantum yield of 0.98, making this conjugate a promising light-harvesting system.
Normal accidents
Authors: Cao Lan , Zhu Hongwei
Published: May 2013

The efficient operation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems largely depends on data quality. ERP can improve data quality and information sharing within an organization. It can also pose challenges to data quality. While it is well known that data quality is important in ERP systems, most existing research has focused on identifying the factors affecting the implementation and the business values of ERP. With normal accident theory as a theoretical lens, we examine data quality problems in ERP using a case study of a large, fast-growing multinational manufacturer headquartered in China. Our findings show that organizations that have successfully implemented ERP can still experience certain data quality problems. We identify major data quality problems in data production, storage and maintenance, and utilization processes. We also analyze the causes of these data quality problems by linking them to certain characteristics of ERP systems within an organizational context. Our analysis shows that problems resulting from the tight coupling effects and the complexity of ERP-enabled manufacturing systems can be inevitable. This study will help researchers and practitioners formulate data management strategies that are effective in the presence of certain “normal” data quality problems.
On the usefulness of predicates
Authors: Austrin Per , Håstad Johan
Published: May 2013

Motivated by the pervasiveness of strong inapproximability results for Max-CSPs, we introduce a relaxed notion of an approximate solution of a Max-CSP. In this relaxed version, loosely speaking, the algorithm is allowed to replace the constraints of an instance by some other (possibly real-valued) constraints, and then only needs to satisfy as many of the new constraints as possible.

To be more precise, we introduce the following notion of a predicatePbeingusefulfor a (real-valued) objectiveQ: given an almost satisfiable Max-Pinstance, there is an algorithm that beats a random assignment on the corresponding Max-Qinstance applied to the same sets of literals. The standard notion of a nontrivial approximation algorithm for a Max-CSP with predicatePis exactly the same as saying thatPis useful forPitself.

We say thatPis useless if it is not useful for anyQ. This turns out to be equivalent to the following pseudo-randomness property: given an almost satisfiable instance of Max-P, it is hard to find an assignment such that the induced distribution onk-bit strings defined by the instance is not essentially uniform.

Under theunique games conjecture, we give a complete and simple characterization of useful Max-CSPs defined by a predicate: such a Max-CSP is useless if and only if there is a pairwise independent distribution supported on the satisfying assignments of the predicate. It is natural to also consider the case when no negations are allowed in the CSP instance, and we derive a similar complete characterization (under the UGC) there as well. Finally, we also include some results and examples shedding additional light on the approximability of certain Max-CSPs.
Verifying proofs in constant depth
Authors: Beyersdorff Olaf , Datta Samir , Krebs Andreas , Mahajan Meena , Scharfenberger-Fabian Gido , Sreenivasaiah Karteek , Thomas Michael , Vollmer Heribert
Published: May 2013

In this paper we initiate the study of proof systems where verification of proofs proceeds by NC
0
circuits. We investigate the question which languages admit proof systems in this very restricted model. Formulated alternatively, we ask which languages can be enumerated by NC
0
functions. Our results show that the answer to this problem is not determined by the complexity of the language. On the one hand, we construct NC
0
proof systems for a variety of languages ranging from regular to NP complete. On the other hand, we show by combinatorial methods that even easy regular languages such as Exact-OR do not admit NC
0
proof systems. We also show that Majority does not admit NC
0
proof systems. Finally, we present a general construction of NC
0
proof systems for regular languages with strongly connected NFA's.
Models for the Study of Whole-Body Glucose Kinetics: A Mathematical Synthesis
Authors: McKnight Leslie L. , Lopez Secundino , Shoveller Anna Kate , France James
Published: May 2013

The maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis is complex and involves several key tissues. Most of these tissues are not easily accessible, making direct measurement of the physiological parameters involved in glucose metabolism difficult. The use of isotope tracer methodology and mathematical modeling allows indirect estimates ofin vivoglucose metabolism through relatively noninvasive means. The purpose of this paper was to provide a mathematical synthesis of the models developed for describing glucose kinetics. As many of the models were developed using dogs, example data from the canine literature are presented. However, examples from the human and feline literature are also given in the absence of dog data. The glucose system is considered in both the steady and nonsteady states, and the models are examined by grouping them into schemes consisting of one, two, and three glucose compartments. Noncompartmental schemes are also considered briefly.
Intelligent Analysis for Georeferenced Video Using Context-Based Random Graphs
Authors: Feng Jiangfan , Song Hu
Published: May 2013

Video sensor networks are formed by the joining of heterogeneous sensor nodes, which is frequently reported as video of communication functionally bound to geographical locations. Decomposition of georeferenced video stream presents the expression of video from spatial feature set. Although it has been studied extensively, spatial relations underlying the scenario are not well understood, which are important to understand the semantics of georeferenced video and behavior of elements. Here we propose a method of mapping georeferenced video sequences for geographical scenes and use contextual random graphs to investigate semantic knowledge of georeferenced video, leading to correlation analysis of the target motion elements in the georeferenced video stream. We have used the connections of motion elements, both the correlation and continuity, to present a dynamic structure in time series that reveals clues to the event development of the video stream. Furthermore, we have provided a method for the effective integration of semantic and campaign information. Ultimately, the experimental results show that the provided method offers a better description of georeferenced video elements that cannot be achieved with existing schemes. In addition, it offers a new way of thinking for the semantic description of the georeferenced video scenarios.
How to Use High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponins in Acute Cardiac Care?
Authors: Katus H. , Searle J. , Giannitsis E.
Published: May 2013

High-sensitivity troponin assays, when used and viewed in the clinical context, provide a definite diagnostic benefit compared to conventional troponin assays, especially due to the improved early rule-out of acute myocardial infarction in troponin-negative patients. The interpretation of positive troponin results and, thus, the rule-in of acute myocardial infarction have become more challenging. High sensitivity Tn assays can detect very small but prognostically significant troponin increases, but the underlying diagnoses are diverse. Especially patients with non-ACS-related troponin elevations have an adverse outcome and require careful patient management. Additionally, the interpretation of a significant rise or fall of troponin values has not been standardized yet. Despite these challenges, troponin is a unique marker, which allows for the specific detection of myocardial cell necrosis and the new high sensitivity assays are a great chance to identify more patients at risk and improve their management and care.
Design Expert Supported Mathematical Optimization and Predictability Study of Buccoadhesive Pharmaceutical Wafers of Loratadine
Authors: Chakraborty Prithviraj , Dey Surajit , Parcha Versha , Bhattacharya Shiv Sankar , Ghosh Amitava
Published: May 2013

Objective. The objective of this work encompasses the application of the response surface approach in the development of buccoadhesive pharmaceutical wafers of Loratadine (LOR).Methods. Experiments were performed according to a 32factorial design to evaluate the effects of buccoadhesive polymer, sodium alginate (A), and lactose monohydrate as ingredient, of hydrophilic matrix former (B) on the bioadhesive force, disintegration time, percent (%) swelling index, and time taken for 70% drug release (t70%). The effect of the two independent variables on the response variables was studied by response surface plots and contour plots generated by the Design-Expert software. The desirability function was used to optimize the response variables.Results. The compatibility between LOR and the wafer excipients was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Bioadhesion force, measured with TAXT2i texture analyzer, showed that the wafers had a good bioadhesive property which could be advantageous for retaining the drug into the buccal cavity.Conclusion. The observed responses taken were in agreement with the experimental values, and Loratadine wafers were produced with less experimental trials, and a patient compliant product was achieved with the concept of formulation by design.
The Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Şahin Alparslan , Şahin Muhammed , Yüksel Harun , Türkcü Fatih Mehmet , Çınar Yasin , Cingü Abdullah Kürşat , Arı Şeyhmus , Çaça İhsan
Published: May 2013

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the mean platelet volume (MPV) of patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods. Hundred and ninty-three patients with the diagnosis of RVO and 83 healthy control subjects were included in this retrospective study. Retinal vein occlusion was diagnosed based on clinical examination. All patients and control subjects underwent complete ocular examination. MPV, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count of the participants were recorded. The data of patients with RVO was compared with the control subjects.Results. Patients with RVO had significantly higher MPV values ( fL) compared with the control subjects ( fL) (). No significant difference was found in platelet counts between RVO group and the control group ( 109/L and  109/L, resp., ), Mean platelet volume was an independent predictor of RVO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.89; ).Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that the MPV values were significantly higher in patients with RVO, suggesting that larger platelets may contribute to the pathogenesis of the RVOs.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Synchronous Bilateral Testicular Seminoma: A Case Report and a Review of the Pertinent Literature
Authors: Jones Daniel A. , Ester Elizabeth C. , Leavitt David , Sweet Robert , Konety Badrinath , Jha Gautam , Cho L. Chinsoo
Published: May 2013

Few cases of synchronous bilateral stage I seminomas have been reported in the world literature. We present a case of bilateral synchronous testicular seminoma, the current literature on the management of stage I seminoma, and the implications for radiotherapy. A forty-year-old man presented with synchronous bilateral classical seminomas, both stage IA. After undergoing bilateral inguinal orchiectomy, he received adjuvant external beam radiotherapy, with a standard paraaortic field. After 18 months of followup, he remains well, without evidence of recurrence. Bilateral germ cell tumors (BGCTs) are reported consistently at a low rate. Bilateral radical inguinal orchiectomy is standard of care, yet some groups have proposed an organ preservation approach. Of the reported cases of bilateral stage I synchronous GCT, with concordant seminoma histology, most of them were treated with bilateral orchiectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Although morbidity associated with radiotherapy directed at the abdomen is not negligible, adjuvant paraaortic radiotherapy remains safe and well-tolerated treatment regime. Bilateral synchronous stage I seminoma of the testes is rare. Organ preservation remains investigational. Chemotherapy is probably a reasonable option. We propose that patients with bilateral stage I synchronous GCT, with concordant seminoma histology, should be managed with bilateral orchiectomy, followed by paraaortic radiotherapy.
A Novel Anaesthetical Approach to Patients with Brugada Syndrome in Neurosurgery
Authors: Martorano Pietro Paolo , Barboni Edoardo , Buscema Giovanni , Di Rienzo Alessandro
Published: May 2013

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the most common causes of sudden death in young people. It usually presents with life-threatening arrhythmias in subjects without remarkable medical history. The need for surgical treatment may unmask BrS in otherwise asymptomatic patients. The best anaesthesiological treatment in such cases is matter of debate. We report a case of neurosurgical treatment of cerebello pontine angle (CPA) tumor in a BrS patient, performed under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) modalities, using midazolam plus remifentanil and rocuronium, without recordings of intraoperative ECG alterations in the intraoperative period and postoperative complications.
Relationship of Worldwide Rocket Launch Crashes with Geophysical Parameters
Authors: Romanova N. , Crosby N. , Pilipenko V.
Published: May 2013

A statistical comparison of launch crashes at different worldwide space ports with geophysical factors has been performed. A comprehensive database has been compiled, which includes 50 years of information from the beginning of the space age in 1957 about launch crashes occurring world-wide. Special attention has been paid to statistics concerning launches at the largest space ports: Plesetsk, Baikonur, Cape Canaveral, and Vandenberg. In search of a possible influence of geophysical factors on launch failures, such parameters as the vehicle type, local time, season, sunspot number, high-energy electron fluxes, and solar proton events have been examined. Also, we have analyzed correlations with the geomagnetic indices as indirect indicators of the space weather condition. Regularities found in this study suggest that further detailed studies of space weather effects on launcher systems, especially in the high-latitude regions, should be performed.
Individual IOL Surface Topography Analysis by the WaveMaster Reflex UV
Authors: Kannengießer Marc , Langenbucher Achim , Janunts Edgar
Published: May 2013

Purpose. In order to establish inspection routines for individual intraocular lenses (IOLs), their surfaces have to be measured separately. Currently available measurement devices lack this functionality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new topography measurement device based on wavefront analysis for measuring individual regular and freeform IOL surfaces, the “WaveMaster Reflex UV” (Trioptics, Wedel, Germany).Methods. Measurements were performed on IOLs with increasingly complex surface geometries: spherical surfaces, surfaces modelled by higher-order Zernike terms, and freeform surfaces from biometrical patient data. Two independent parameters were measured: the sample’s radius of curvature (ROC) and its residual (difference of sample topography and its best-fit sphere). We used a quantitative analysis method by calculating the residuals’ root-mean-square (RMS) and peak-to-Valley (P2V) values.Results. The sample’s best-fit ROC differences increased with the sample’s complexity. The sample’s differences of RMS values were 80 nm for spherical surfaces, 97 nm for higher-order samples, and 21 nm for freeform surfaces. Graphical representations of both measurement and design topographies were recorded and compared.Conclusion. The measurements of spherical surfaces expectedly resulted in better values than those of freeform surfaces. Overall, the wavefront analysing method proves to be an effective method for evaluating individual IOL surfaces.
Prostatic Stromal Hyperplasia with Atypia
Authors: Hutchinson Ryan C. , Wu Kevin J. , Cheville John C. , Thiel David D.
Published: May 2013

Prostatic stromal hyperplasia with atypia (PSHA) is a rare histologic finding diagnosed incidentally on prostate biopsies, transurethral resection specimens, and radical prostatectomy specimens. PSHA has a bizarre histologic appearance and these lesions often raise concern for sarcoma; however, their clinical course is indolent and does not include extraprostatic progression. We discuss a case of PHSA discovered on prostate biopsy performed for an abnormal digital rectal examination and review the literature on this rare pathologic finding.
On Multivalued Contractions in Cone Metric Spaces without Normality
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Ahmad Jamshaid
Published: May 2013

Wardowski (2011) in this paper for a normal cone metric space (X, d) and for the family 𝒜 of subsets of X established a new cone metric H : 𝒜 × 𝒜 → E and obtained fixed point of set‐valued contraction of Nadler type. Further, it is noticed in the work of Janković et al., 2011 that the fixed‐point problem in the setting of cone metric spaces is appropriate only in the case when the underlying cone is nonnormal. In the present paper we improve Wardowski′s result by proving the same without the assumption of normality on cones.
The Effect of the Addition of Tricalcium Phosphate to 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnishes on the Microhardness of Enamel of Primary Teeth
Authors: AlAmoudi Saeed Aedha , Pani Sharat Chandra , AlOmari Mohammad
Published: May 2013

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pH cycling on the microhardness of the enamel of primary human teeth treated with a conventional brown Sodium Fluoride (5% NaF) Varnish to those treated with a white Fluoride Varnish (5% NaF) enhanced with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP).Materials and Methods. Ninety extracted caries-free primary incisors were washed in a detergent and divided into three groups; group A received no treatment, teeth in group B were coated with Sodium Fluoride (5% NaF) Varnish, while teeth in group C were coated with 5% NaF varnish enhanced with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP). After ten days of pH cycling, the surface microhardness of the teeth was measured using a Knoop indenter.Results. The mean Knoop hardness number (KHN) of 5% NaF with fTCP was greater than that of 5% NaF alone while the control group had the lowest mean KHN.Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that the use of an additive such as fTCP to a fluoride varnish significantly improves the protective ability of the varnish on primary teeth in vitro.
Upscaling of an Innovative Cogeneration CSP System
Authors: Poullikkas Andreas , Kourtis George , Hadjipaschalis Ioannis
Published: May 2013

An upscaling of an innovative concentrated solar power (CSP) technology for the cogeneration of electricity and desalinated water (CSP-DSW) to be integrated into the Cyprus power generation system is carried out. Further, a comparative study of the competitiveness of the CSP-DSW technology with the integration of natural gas combined cycle (CCGT) technology is carried out. For the simulations, the IPP v2.1 software is used for calculating the optimum cost of electricity produced from both conventional and CSP-DSW technologies. The results indicate that for high capacity factor levels, the CSP-DSW technology scenarios are more cost effective than the CCGT technology (base case natural gas technology price projection scenario) and become even more cost effective at very high capacity factor levels than the CCGT technology (low natural gas technology price projection scenario).
A Study on Vibration Characteristics and Stability of the Ambulance Nonlinear Damping System
Authors: Yang Meng , Xu Xinxi , Su Chen
Published: May 2013

Considering the impact of the nonlinear stiffness, a 2-DOF vibration model with cubic terms was established according to the structural feature and nonlinear behavior. Ignoring the impact of nonlinear terms, the system was linearly analyzed. In the case of primary resonance and 1 : 1 internal resonance, a multiscale method was used to obtain a first-order approximate solution. Taking the parameters of one tracked ambulance for instance, the approximate solution was corroborated and the influence of the parameters on damping effect was investigated. Finally, motion stability of the damping system was analyzed with singularity theory. The theoretical bases for improving efficiency of the damping system were provided.
Intraosseous Lipoma of the Sphenoid: A Case Study
Authors: Jamrozik Zygmunt , Rosiak Grzegorz , Kierdaszuk Biruta , Milczarek Krzysztof , Kamińska Anna , Dziewulska Dorota , Krzeski Antoni
Published: May 2013

Intraosseous lipoma is very rare, usually benign tumor of flat bones. However, the localization in skull bones is described in sporadic cases. The differential diagnosis includes end stage of infection, infarct lesions, intraosseous meningioma, angiolipoma, or myxofibrous tumors. We report a patient with intraosseous lipoma located in the sphenoid bone. The diagnosis was established due to the characteristic radiological features. According to the history of seizures, the lesion was removed via endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathological examination showed adipocytes. The patient underwent control neuroimaging studies.
Chondrocyte Behavior on Micropatterns Fabricated Using Layer-by-Layer Lift-Off: Morphological Analysis
Authors: Shaik Jameel , Shaikh Mohammed Javeed , McShane Michael J. , Mills David K.
Published: May 2013

Cell patterning has emerged as an elegant tool in developing cellular arrays, bioreactors, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices and for use in engineering neotissue for repair or regeneration. In this study, micropatterned surfaces were created using the layer-by-layer lift-off (LbL-LO) method for analyzing canine chondrocytes response to patterned substrates. Five materials were chosen based on our previous studies. These included: poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), collagen, and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The substrates were patterned with these five different materials, in five and ten bilayers, resulting in the following multilayer nanofilm architectures: (PSS/PDDA)5, (PSS/PDDA)10; (CS/PEI)4/CS, (CS/PEI)9/CS; (PSS/PEI)5, (PSS/PEI)10; (PSS/Collagen)5, (PSS/Collagen)10; (PSS/PEI)4/PSS, (PSS/PEI)9/PSS. Cell characterization studies were used to assess the viability, longevity, and cellular response to the configured patterned multilayer architectures. The cumulative cell characterization data suggests that cell viability, longevity, and functionality were enhanced on micropatterned PEI, PSS, collagen, and CS multilayer nanofilms suggesting their possible use in biomedical applications.
Exploring the Cooccurrence Patterns of Multiple Sets of Genomic Intervals
Authors: Wu Hao , Qin Zhaohui S.
Published: May 2013

Background. Exploring the spatial relationship of different genomic features has been of great interest since the early days of genomic research. The relationship sometimes provides useful information for understanding certain biological processes. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies such as ChIP-seq produce large amount of data in the form of genomic intervals. Most of the existing methods for assessing spatial relationships among the intervals are designed for pairwise comparison and cannot be easily scaled up.Results. We present a statistical method and software tool to characterize the cooccurrence patterns of multiple sets of genomic intervals. The occurrences of genomic intervals are described by a simple finite mixture model, where each component represents a distinct cooccurrence pattern. The model parameters are estimated via an EM algorithm and can be viewed as sufficient statistics of the cooccurrence patterns. Simulation and real data results show that the model can accurately capture the patterns and provide biologically meaningful results. The method is implemented in a freely available R packagegiClust.Conclusions. The method and the software provide a convenient way for biologists to explore the cooccurrence patterns among a relatively large number of sets of genomic intervals.
Women’s Attitudes and Health Beliefs toward Osteoporosis Screening in a Community Pharmacy
Authors: Deo Priyanka , Nayak Rajesh , Rajpura Jigar
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to examine women’s attitudes and health beliefs towards osteoporosis screening in a community pharmacy setting, utilizing the theoretical framework of Health Belief Model. A nonexperimental, cross-sectional research design, examining a convenience sample of women aged 18 and over, from several New York City senior care centers, a church, and a university campus in New York, was employed to assess the study objectives. Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale questionnaire was used to study the attitudes and health beliefs of participants towards bone mineral density screening in community pharmacy. From the study, it was observed that perceptions of severity and susceptibility towards osteoporosis and subjects’ demographic characteristics did not seem to significantly influence the decision to screen in a community pharmacy setting. The perceptions of benefits of community pharmacy-based osteoporosis screening and the perceived barriers were found to be of greater importance in women’s decisions to engage in osteoporosis-specific preventive behavior.
Numerical Modeling of the Interaction of Solitary Waves and Submerged Breakwaters with Sharp Vertical Edges Using One-Dimensional Beji & Nadaoka Extended Boussinesq Equations
Authors: Jabbari Mohammad H. , Ghadimi Parviz , Masoudi Ali , Baradaran Mohammad R.
Published: May 2013

Using one-dimensional Beji & Nadaoka extended Boussinesq equation, a numerical study of solitary waves over submerged breakwaters has been conducted. Two different obstacles of rectangular as well as circular geometries over the seabed inside a channel have been considered in view of solitary waves passing by. Since these bars possess sharp vertical edges, they cannot directly be modeled by Boussinesq equations. Thus, sharply sloped lines over a short span have replaced the vertical sides, and the interactions of waves including reflection, transmission, and dispersion over the seabed with circular and rectangular shapes during the propagation have been investigated. In this numerical simulation, finite element scheme has been used for spatial discretization. Linear elements along with linear interpolation functions have been utilized for velocity components and the water surface elevation. For time integration, a fourth-order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector method has been applied. Results indicate that neglecting the vertical edges and ignoring the vortex shedding would have minimal effect on the propagating waves and reflected waves with weak nonlinearity.
Inhibition of Inflammatory Response by Artepillin C in Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Szliszka Ewelina , Mertas Anna , Czuba Zenon P. , Król Wojciech
Published: May 2013

Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is the main bioactive component of Brazilian green propolis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of artepillin C on LPS + IFN-γ- or PMA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and LDH assays. The radical scavenging ability was determined using DPPH•and ABTS•+. ROS and RNS generation was analyzed by chemiluminescence. NO concentration was detected by the Griess reaction. The release of various cytokines by activated RAW264.7 cells was measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex bead array system based on xMAP technology. NF-κB activity was confirmed by the ELISA-based TransAM NF-κB kit. At the tested concentrations, the compound did not decrease the cell viability and did not cause the cytotoxicity. Artepillin C exerted strong antioxidant activity, significantly inhibited the production of ROS, RNS, NO, and cytokine IL-1β, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and KC, and markedly blocked NF-κB expression in stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of artepillin C and support the application of Brazilian green propolis in complementary and alternative medicine.
High Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Parkinson’s Disease: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Maeda Tetsuya , Nagata Ken , Satoh Yuichi , Yamazaki Takashi , Takano Daiki
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and clinical features of gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consecutively recruited PD patients and controls were questioned about heartburn and GERD with a questionnaire. In PD patients, disease duration and severity, quality of life, and nonmotor symptoms were also examined and then the clinical features of GERD were analyzed. A total of 102 patients and 49 controls were enrolled and 21 patients and 4 controls had heartburn, significantly frequent in PD. The prevalence rate of GERD was 26.5% in PD and the odds ratio was 4.05. Heartburn, bent forward flexion, and wearing-off phenomenon were frequent, and scores of UPDRS, total and part II, PD questionnaire-39, and nonmotor symptom scale were significantly higher in PD patients with GERD than without GERD. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed statistical significance in UPDRS part II and nonmotor symptom scale. This study suggests that GERD is prevalent in PD. Deterioration of daily living activities and other nonmotor symptoms can imply the presence of GERD. Because clinical symptoms of GERD are usually treatable, the management can improve the patient’s quality of life. Increased attention should be given to detect GERD in PD.
Mechanisms of Nrf2/Keap1-Dependent Phase II Cytoprotective and Detoxifying Gene Expression and Potential Cellular Targets of Chemopreventive Isothiocyanates
Authors: Das Biswa Nath , Kim Young-Woo , Keum Young-Sam
Published: May 2013

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are abundantly found in cruciferous vegetables. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of cruciferous vegetables can lower the overall risk of cancer. Natural ITCs are key chemopreventive ingredients of cruciferous vegetables, and one of the prime chemopreventive mechanisms of natural isothiocyanates is the induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene expression that plays a critical role in cellular defense against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. In the present review, we first discuss the underlying mechanisms how natural ITCs affect the intracellular signaling kinase cascades to regulate the Keap1/Nrf2 activities, thereby inducing phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes. We also discuss the potential cellular protein targets to which natural ITCs are directly conjugated and how these events aid in the chemopreventive effects of natural ITCs. Finally, we discuss the posttranslational modifications of Keap1 and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles and oxidants.
Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis due to Asparaginase Therapy
Authors: Alsaid Youssef , Gulab Shamshad , Bayoumi Mohammed , Baeesa Saleh
Published: May 2013

We report a 9-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in high-risk group who suffered from left sided focal seizures and ipsilateral hemiparesis during his induction with Asparaginase chemotherapy. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and right frontal hemorrhage were demonstrated on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans . Anticoagulation was initiated with unfractionated heparin and switched to low molecular weight heparin after 3 weeks and continued for 6 months. At one-year followup, he had complete response to chemotherapy for ALL, with residual mild left hemiparesis, and his MRI scans revealed recanalized venous sinuses. The case highlights the importance of considering cerebral venous thrombosis as a complication of Asparaginase therapy.
Placental HSD2 Expression and Activity Is Unaffected by Maternal Protein Consumption or Gender in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Garbrecht Mark R. , Lamb Fred S.
Published: May 2013

The placenta acts as a physiological barrier, preventing the transfer of maternal glucocorticoids to the developing fetus. This is accomplished via the oxidation, and subsequent inactivation, of endogenous glucocorticoids by the 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (HSD2). Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy has been shown to result in a decrease in placental HSD2 expression and fetal glucocorticoid overexposure, especially late in gestation, resulting in low birth weight and “fetal programming” of the offspring. This dietary intervention impairs fetal growth and cardiovascular function in adult C57BL/6 offspring, but the impact on placental HSD2 has not been defined. The goal of the current study was to examine the effects of a maternal low-protein diet (18% versus 9% protein) on placental HSD2 gene expression and enzyme activity in mice during late gestation. In contrast to previous studies in rats, a maternal low-protein diet did not affect HSD2 protein or enzyme activity levels in the placentas of C57BL/6 mice and this was irrespective of the gender of the offspring. These data suggest that the effects of maternal protein restriction on adult phenotypes in C57BL/6 mice depend upon a mechanism that may be independent of placental HSD2 or possibly occurs earlier in gestation.
HDL, Atherosclerosis, and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Hafiane Anouar , Genest Jacques
Published: May 2013

This review aims to provide an overview on the properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their cardioprotective effects. Emergent HDL therapies will be presented in the context of the current understanding of HDL function, metabolism, and protective antiatherosclerotic properties. The epidemiological association between levels of HDL-C or its major apolipoprotein (apoA-I) is strong, graded, and coherent across populations. HDL particles mediate cellular cholesterol efflux, have antioxidant properties, and modulate vascular inflammation and vasomotor function and thrombosis. A link of causality has been cast into doubt with Mendelian randomization data suggesting that genes causing HDL-C deficiency are not associated with increased cardiovascular risk, nor are genes associated with increased HDL-C, with a protective effect. Despite encouraging data from small studies, drugs that increase HDL-C levels have not shown an effect on major cardiovascular end-points in large-scale clinical trials. It is likely that the cholesterol mass within HDL particles is a poor biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. In the present review, we will focus on novel therapeutic avenues and potential biomarkers of HDL function. A better understanding of HDL antiatherogenic functions including reverse cholesterol transport, vascular protective and antioxidation effects will allow novel insight on novel, emergent therapies for cardiovascular prevention.
Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotective Role ofM. pruriensin Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Rats
Authors: Golbabapour Shahram , Hajrezaie Maryam , Hassandarvish Pouya , Abdul Majid Nazia , Hadi A. Hamid A. , Nordin Noraziah , Abdulla Mahmood A.
Published: May 2013

The investigation was to evaluate gastroprotective effects of ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into 8 groups: negative control, extract control, ulcer control, reference control, and four experimental groups. As a pretreatment, the negative control and the ulcer control groups were orally administered carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The reference control was administered omeprazole orally (20 mg/kg). The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was given orally to the extract control group (500 mg/kg) and the experimental groups (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). After 1 h, CMC was given orally to the negative and the extract control groups. The other groups received absolute ethanol. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. The ulcer control group exhibited significant mucosal injuries with decreased gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa. The extract caused upregulation of Hsp70 protein, downregulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid schiff uptake of glandular portion of stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate showed significant antioxidant properties with increase in synthesis of PGE2, while MDA was significantly decreased. The ethanolic extract ofM. pruriensleaves was nontoxic (<5 g/kg) and could enhance defensive mechanisms against hemorrhagic mucosal lesions.
New Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae: Gomphonemataceae) species from Xinjiang Province, China
Authors: YOU QINGMIN , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , WANG QUANXI
Published: May 2013

Eight new species of the diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve from Xinjiang Province of northwest China are described. Observations were made using light and scanning electron microscopy, documenting the morphological diversity of the taxa, all of which are part of the G. elegans lineage, and lack isolated stigmoids. Five of the new species (Gomphoneis pseudosubtiloides, G. xinjiangiana, G. basiorobusta, G. stoermeri and G. distorta) have porelli in the apical pore fields organized into two rows, similar to the organization of the striae areolae. Three species (G. subtiloides, G. qii and G. rostratoides) have porelli of similar size, shape and organization to the areolae, supporting the interpretation that the apical pore fields in this group are condensed striae. The species from Xinjiang Province appear morphologically similar to taxa from the Balkans of Europe, and may be part of a wide continuum of distribution between that region and western North America. This is only the second report on Gomphoneis from Xinjiang Province. A number of taxa similar to the new species described herein, and related to Gomphoneis olivacea, are also considered. As a consequence, the total number of Gomphoneis taxa from China is greater than previously recognized.