bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Rehabilitation Counselor Characteristics, White Racial Attitudes, and Self-Reported Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Authors: Cumming-McCann Allison , Accordino Michael P.
Published: December 2007

This study assessed the relationship between White racial attitudes and self-reported multicultural counseling competencies. Counselor characteristics were also examined in relation to multicultural competence. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that racial attitudes explained variance in self-reported multicultural competencies beyond those explained by demographic and educational variables. These results indicate that racial attitude development should be considered an integral aspect of rehabilitation counselor education programs and continuing education opportunities for practicing rehabilitation counselors.
Ubiquitous Yet Unique
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshitaka , Mactavish Jennifer B.
Published: December 2007

This exploratory study was grounded in a qualitative framework and used a focus group method to examine the meanings that individuals with disabilities (e.g., permanent mobility impairments, sensory impairments) attach to their experiences of stress, as well as major sources or causes of stress in these individuals' lives. Overall, the data showed that stress is an inherent and central part of everyday life for individuals with disabilities. The meanings attached to stress emphasized the personal anxiety and discomfort that affected, most often in negative ways, the participants' physical, psychological, emotional, and social functioning. Counterbalancing this negative focus, most of the participants agreed that stress could be a positive and constructive motivator for stimulating personal action and growth, bringing about positive life changes, enhancing personal awareness, and aiding in solving problems. Interpretation of the sources or causes of stress data produced two theme clusters. The individual theme cluster comprises (a) disability (i.e., added demands in daily living and the complications of disability and aging), (b) health, (c) interpersonal relationships, and (d) the inability to meet expectations. The systemic/ environmental cluster incorporates four sources of stress: (a) exclusionary social systems/ structures, (b) physical accessibility, (c) employment accessibility, and (d) economic marginality. In an effort to integrate these distinct yet interrelated themes, an emergent model is proposed in which social exclusion is used as the overarching conceptual framework for understanding the findings specific to sources or causes of stress. Implications of the findings for rehabilitation counseling for individuals with disabilities also are discussed.
Psychological Adaptation to Disability
Authors: Livneh Hanoch , Parker Randall M.
Published: December 2007

The process of psychological adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID) has been extensively studied by rehabilitation professionals for more than 50 years, yet it is still fraught with misunderstanding and often contradictory views. In this paper, the authors seek to expand on earlier suggestions by Parker, Schaller, and Hansmann (2003) and on recent applications in the field of psychology to demonstrate the potential usefulness of chaos and complexity theory (CCT) to understanding the psychosocial adaptation process to CID. In accordance, we (a) provide an overview of the most popular models of psychosocial adaptation to CID, (b) review the main elements of CCT, (c) discuss the current beliefs on the linkage between CCT and psychological reactions to stress and crisis, and (d) offer preliminary suggestions on the application of CCT to the adaptation process in CID and to rehabilitation-related interventions.
Consumers' Recommendations to Improve Satisfaction With Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Hein Serge , Lustig Daniel C. , Uruk Ayse
Published: December 2007

Understanding consumers' concerns about vocational rehabilitation services is important because of the current emphasis on empowerment and consumer-directed services. This study focused on participants' responses to an open-ended survey question that asked them what they thought could be done to improve their satisfaction with a vocational rehabilitation program. Participants were employed and unemployed consumers of vocational rehabilitation services. The responses were analyzed using a form of qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in the development of four categories: concerns about general counseling skills, concerns about program-specific counseling skills, concerns about treatment outside of counseling sessions, and concerns about education and employment. The implications of the findings for program improvement and counselor training are also discussed.
Structural Equation Model of the Consumer-Directed Theory of Empowerment in a Vocational Rehabilitation Context
Authors: Kosciulek John F.
Published: December 2007

One model that is potentially useful in the rehabilitation field is the Consumer-Directed Theory of Empowerment (CDTE; Kosciulek, 1999a). However, additional empirical data are needed to further develop and critically evaluate the CDTE. To accomplish this task, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesized structural model CDTE in a vocational rehabilitation context. Using data on 721 vocational rehabilitation consumers drawn from the Longitudinal Study of the Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program database, structural equation modeling results provided support for a revised version of the CDTE. Findings provide data useful for guiding future CDTE-related research and practice.
An Assessment of Institutional Publication Productivity in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: West Steven L. , Armstrong Amy J. , Ryan Kimberly A.
Published: December 2007

Although the primary reason for publishing in scholarly journals is to help the profession in its efforts to serve persons with disabilities, such publication has a growing importance for the individuals and institutions involved in the publication process. Increasingly, publication is linked with the funding, reputation, and impact of those in the field. Despite that fact, the field is lacking a current analysis of publication productivity in core rehabilitation counseling outlets. This research was conducted to fill that gap by examining publication productivity in six core rehabilitation journals during the 6-year period from 1997 to 2002. Two ratings of institutional productivity based on author affiliation are provided. First, productivity is detailed in terms of the overall number of individuals involved in the publication process. Second, productivity is detailed via a weighting method based on author position to provide an indication of total number of publications attributable to a given institution. In both cases, the top 20 institutions are detailed. Implications for the field and for future research are discussed.
Predictors of Return to Work for People With Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Pluta David J. , Accordino Michael P.
Published: December 2007

This investigation was a baseline study to determine if the speed of return to work could be predicted for people with psychiatric disabilities in a private sector setting. Participants with psychiatric disability claims who returned to work ( N = 300) were obtained from a nationwide Fortune 500 insurance company. The authors compared the speed of return to work for the participants, as measured by days on claim, among the levels of demographic and vocational variables. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that several vocational variables were significant predictors. Participants who were not self-employed were found to have significantly ( p < .01) fewer days on claim than participants who were self-employed. Predisability occupational experience and age at return to work were significant ( p < .05) predictors of return to work. The low R2value does constrain how these results may be generalized to this particular population. Surprisingly, many of the factors that were predictive of return to work in populations studied in the public sector were not significant in the present investigation. Implications for disability insurers, rehabilitation counselors, and people with psychiatric disabilities are discussed.
Care Today and, Okay, Let Us Say Enlightenment Tomorrow
Authors: Nolte Daniel E.
Published: December 2007

Through his reflections on dealing with treatment for brain cancer and the resulting disabilities, the author helps to create an intriguing insight into how his experience was fashioned by the medical, emotional, and multicultural forces he faced. Prominent among the issues discussed are his coping with fear through humor, being able to accept his disabilities, and presenting a hopeful and lighter side to a personal hardship.
Clinical Supervision Practices and Satisfaction Within the Public Vocational Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Herbert James T. , Trusty Jerry
Published: December 2007

Rehabilitation counselors and supervisors affiliated with a state vocational rehabilitation program were surveyed to assess supervisor practices and satisfaction when providing or receiving supervision. Results indicated general satisfaction with both administrative and clinical supervision provided or received. Although counselors and supervisors were less satisfied with clinical supervision as compared with administrative supervision, they perceived both the degree to which supervisors provide support and encouragement to counselors and the emphasis on promoting counselors' understanding of their clients similarly. Supervision relies on counselor self-report of counseling sessions more so than any other supervisory method. Individual supervision is used almost exclusively and on average lasts 20 min each month. Supervisors tend to adopt a consultant role more than administrator, counselor, evaluator, or teacher roles. Multiple regression analysis indicated that gender, frequency of supervision, and a supervisory consultant role were predictors of satisfaction with clinical supervision. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practice and research are examined.
Development and Validation of the Employer Openness Survey
Authors: Gilbride Dennis , Vandergoot David , Golden Kristie , Stensrud Robert
Published: December 2007

This study describes the four-phase process used in developing the Employer Openness Survey (EOS). The EOS is an 18-item instrument designed to measure the openness of employers to hiring, accommodating, and promoting workers with disabilities. During the first phase, the authors generated potential questions and pilot-tested them with employers. They then evaluated scoring criteria and construct validity in the second phase. In the third phase, the EOS was field-tested with employers, scoring criteria were finalized, and interrater reliability was established. In the fourth phase, they presented the EOS to placement professionals who evaluated the clarity and usefulness of the instrument for practitioners in the field. Results of this study provide initial support for the EOS and confirmation of its usefulness for rehabilitation counselors providing placement services.
Examining the Moderating Effect of Disability Status on the Relationship Between Trauma Symptomatology and Select Career Variables
Authors: Strauser David R. , Lustig Daniel C. , Çiftçi Uruk Aysşe
Published: December 2007

In the current study, the authors examined whether the influence of trauma symptomatology on select career variables differs based on disability status. A total of 131 college students and 81 individuals with disabilities completed the Career Thoughts Inventory, My Vocational Situation, Developmental Work Personality Scale, and L.A. Symptom Checklist. The authors then conducted multiple regressions to examine interaction terms. These terms were not significant, suggesting that the influences of trauma clusters did not differ according to groups. Disability status made the largest unique contribution on all career variables. Among the trauma symptom clusters, Avoidance/Numbness had the broadest impact, with unique contributions on all of the career variables except CTI-CA.
Correlates of Depression in Adult Siblings of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Torkelson Lynch Ruth
Published: December 2007

Using Pearlin's stress process model, this study examined correlates of depression in 170 adult siblings of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Approximately 39% of adult sibling participants evinced Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES—D; Radloff, 1977) scores indicating clinically significant depressive symptoms. Background characteristics found to be related to higher ratings of depression included being female and history of a pre-TBI depressive episode. In addition, results indicated that perceptions of more restrictions in valued family activities and less accessibility to social support were related to higher ratings of depression. Contrary to study hypotheses, an inverse relationship was found between subjective caregiving burden and depression. Practice and research implications of these findings are discussed.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Vocational Rehabilitation for People With Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Rogers E. Sally , Anthony William A. , Lyass Asya , Penk Walter E.
Published: December 2007

In this study, the researchers examined the effectiveness of two vocational rehabilitation interventions in improving employment, educational, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities. The authors recruited participants in waves over a 2-year period and randomly assigned them to receive either psychiatric vocational rehabilitation (PVR) or enhanced state vocational rehabilitation (ESVR) services. Although both groups improved significantly over time in their vocational and educational outcomes, no differences were found between the two interventions on any outcomes. In this article, the authors explore why ESVR achieved better outcomes than previous research would have suggested.
The Effects of Aging on Employment of People With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Mitchell Judith M. , Adkins Rodney H. , Kemp Bryan J.
Published: December 2007

A cross-sectional study investigated the role of both aging and disability on employment status over the life span. Current employment rates of 262 people with a disability and 115 people without a disability were compared. Impairments were polio, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, and miscellaneous. Ages ranged from 23 to 64 years. Data from the disability group represented a faster and earlier decline in employment over the life span than the comparison group. By the 60s age decade, the disability group reported a 50% reduction in employment compared to 35% for the comparison group. A significant “age by disability” interaction suggested that employment decline is a result of both aging and having a disability. A college education improved employment rates for people with disabilities in their 20s and 30s but did not prevent significant employment loss by their 40s.
The Use of Phototherapy in Group Treatment for Persons Who Are Chemically Dependent
Authors: Glover-Graf Noreen M. , Miller Eva
Published: December 2007

This study used photography as a therapeutic tool and a present-focused approach in a 12-week group intervention to treat adults with chemical dependence enrolled in an outpatient treatment program. A qualitative analysis identified themes related to the topics of trust, honesty, self-worth, power, and abuse. Self-esteem, abuse, and trauma-related symptoms were also assessed using the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI), and an abuse questionnaire. Pre- and posttests on the MSEI showed increases in self-esteem for all but one participant. The majority of participants also reported trauma-related symptoms, and all participants reported past abuse victimization.
The Impact of Business Size on Employer ADA Response
Authors: Bruyère Susanne M. , Erickson William A. , VanLooy Sara A.
Published: December 2007

More than 10 years have passed since the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) came into effect for employers of 15 or more employees. Americans with disabilities continue to be more unemployed and underemployed than their nondisabled peers. Small businesses, with fewer than 500 employees, continue to be the most rapidly growing part of our national economy and therefore a potential source of employment for American job seekers with disabilities. A Cornell University survey of human resource professionals examined how employers of different sizes are complying with the ADA. The authors point to needed ADA and accommodation services that rehabilitation counselors can provide to employers.
Advanced Methods in Meta-Analytic Research
Authors: Rosenthal David A. , Hoyt William T. , Ferrin James M. , Miller Susan , Cohen Nicholas D.
Published: December 2007

Over the past 25 years, meta-analysis has assumed a significant role in the synthesis of counseling and psychotherapy research through the evaluation and interpretation of the results of multiple studies. An examination of four widely recognized rehabilitation counseling journals, however, reveals that only one meta-analysis (Bolton & Akridge, 1995) has been published during the past 10 years. This article examines the meta-analysis process as a viable method to aggregate multiple studies, discusses common advantages and criticisms of meta-analysis, and provides suggestions specific to how meta-analyses may be applied to investigate rehabilitation outcomes. In addition, new applications of meta-analysis that have been discovered and refined in recent years are presented through a reanalysis of the Bolton and Akridge (1995) meta-analysis.
Racial and Disability Identity
Authors: Mpofu Elias , Harley Debra A.
Published: December 2007

Racial and disability identities are separate issues, yet they both contribute to the multiple social identities that influence career counseling outcomes for persons of color with disabilities. Few studies have examined the effects of racial and disability identity on the career outcomes of members of this group. This article discusses racial and disability identity as assets for career counseling of people of color with disabilities, whose career counseling outcomes are also mediated by the prevailing racial and disabilities disparities in career participation. Possibilities for further research on identities as resources for career counseling are also discussed.
Factors Considered by Vocational Rehabilitation Professionals in Employability and Earning Capacity Assessment
Authors: Williams John M. , Dunn Patrick L. , Bast Steve , Giesen Judy
Published: December 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contributed to vocational rehabilitation assessment of earning capacity. Rehabilitation professionals who attended a national forensic rehabilitation conference were asked to rate the importance of 26 variables in development of opinions of earning capacity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four themes in the responses: intrinsic characteristics of the worker, transferable skills components, worker traits, and labor market conditions. Multivariate analysis of variance found no significant differences in mean importance of the factors among forensic rehabilitation professionals practicing in different legal forums or in retention by plaintiff, defense, or neutral status, as well as no significant interactions. The results of this study will assist in the establishment of a standardized methodology for developing opinions of earning capacity consistent between forums of practice and competing parties in adjudication of vocational disability claims.
Measuring Clinical Significance in Rehabilitation Research
Authors: Johnson Erica K. , Dow Christian , Lynch Ruth T. , Hermann Bruce P.
Published: December 2007

Measurement of clinically significant change is critical for rehabilitation research because it can enhance the credibility of rehabilitation efforts and guide evidence-based practices. The practical appeal of clinically significant change is that it can bridge research and clinical practice by focusing on individual rather than group differences. In response to current challenges in rehabilitation outcome measurement, the authors describe methods and strategies for the analysis of clinically significant change. The complementary approaches of reliable change index scores as proposed by Jacobson and Truax (1991) and regression-based z scores as proposed by McSweeney, Naugle, Chelune, and Luders (1993) are highlighted. The article concludes with a case example and discussion of implications for future directions in rehabilitation research.
Use of Statistics From National Data Sources to Inform Rehabilitation Program Planning, Evaluation, and Advocacy
Authors: Bruyère Susanne M. , Houtenville Andrew J.
Published: December 2007

Data on people with disabilities can be used to confirm service needs and to evaluate the resulting impact of services. Disability statistics from surveys and administrative records can play a meaningful role in such efforts. In this article, the authors describe the array of available data and statistics and their potential uses in rehabilitation service planning and evaluation. They discuss the 2000 Decennial Census Long Form, the American Community Survey, the National Health Information Survey, the National Health Information Survey on Disability, the Current Population Survey Annual Demographics Survey, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, and the Health and Retirement Survey, administrative records such as the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 911 and the Social Security Administration (SSA) Title 2 and Title 16 records, and matched data such as linked RSA and SSA records. They also provide examples of applications of these data sets to rehabilitation service planning and evaluation, along with recommendations for rehabilitation education, practice, and research.
Exploring Undergraduate Student Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Hergenrather Kenneth , Rhodes Scott
Published: December 2007

The Disability Social Relations Generalized Disability (DSRGD) Scale was used to explore the influence of the social context on attitudes toward persons with disabilities. The DSRGD Scale was based on the Disability Social Relationship (DSR) Scale (Grand, Bernier, & Strohmer, 1982; Strohmer, Grand, & Purcell, 1984). A sample of 1,013 undergraduate students completed the DSRGD. Principal axis factoring yielded three factors representing the three contextual subscales of Dating, Marriage, and Work. The study findings identified a significant effect of context on attitudes toward persons with disabilities. A significant effect of gender across social context was identified, with females scoring higher than males on the subscales of Dating, Marriage, and Work.
Qualitative Research in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Hanley-Maxwell Cheryl , Al Hano Ibrahim , Skivington Michael
Published: December 2007

Qualitative research approaches offer rehabilitation scholars and practitioners avenues into understanding the lives and experiences of people with disabilities and those people and systems with whom they interact. The methods used often parallel those used in counseling and appear to be well matched with the field of rehabilitation counseling. Despite this, qualitative research is still rarely present in Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin (RCB) and other counseling-related journals. Thus, acquainting/reacquainting rehabilitation researchers and practitioners with qualitative research seems appropriate. This article presents an overview of qualitative research, including a discussion of common components and processes and two designs commonly used in RCB—case study and grounded theory. Research previously published in RCB is used to illustrate various aspects of the discussion. The article ends with a discussion of current qualitative research perspectives and how these perspectives challenge rehabilitation scholars to consider new directions.
Living on the Line
Authors: Graf Noreen M. , Blankenship Charlene J. , Sanchez Gabriel , Carlson Ralph
Published: December 2007

This study examined attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWD) among Mexicans and Mexican Americans at the U.S.—Mexico border. Participants ( N = 160) were surveyed using the Questions About Disability Survey (QADS). A factor analysis identified five factors that accounted for 49% of the variance: Maleficent God; Social Issues—Outer Circle; Expectations; Beneficent God; and Social Issues—Inner Circle. An examination of the expectation and social factors indicated significant nationality, gender, and age-group differences on responses regarding PWD being hidden from others; discomfort around, avoidance of, and ignoring PWD; excusing bad behaviors, bad temper, and hurtful actions of PWD; embarrassment of a family member with a disability; treating PWD kindly; medicine as the best cure; viewing PWD as bitter; and chance of success and future for PWD.
Causal Relationships Between Poverty and Disability
Authors: Lustig Daniel C. , Strauser David R.
Published: December 2007

Although research suggests why disability may cause poverty, it is not well understood why poverty may cause disability. This article presents the Poverty Disability Model, which includes four groups of factors that increase the risk that poverty will cause disability and chronic health problems. Rehabilitation interventions and counselor implications derived from the model are presented in addition to research.
The Relationship of Selected Supply-and Demand-Side Factors to Forms of Perceived Discrimination Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Neath Jeanne , McMahon Brian T. , Rumrill Phillip D.
Published: December 2007

Single-predictor and stepwise multinomial logistic regression analyses and an external validation were completed on 3,082 allegations of employment discrimination by adults with multiple sclerosis. Women filed two thirds of the allegations, and individuals between 31 and 50 made the vast majority of discrimination charges (73%). Allegations occurred most frequently in industries with the largest number of employees (501 or more). Results of the single-predictor multinomial logistic regression analyses identified gender and company size as the two predictors, findings that were mirrored in the main effects model developed through the stepwise multinomial logistic regression analyses. Women were more likely than men to allege discrimination related to harassment and intimidation rather than to discharge. Workers in the smallest companies were less likely than workers in the largest companies to allege discrimination regarding reasonable accommodation, working conditions, or employment benefits and more likely to allege discrimination related to discharge. Cross-validation results provided mixed support for the main effects model.
Differences in Self-Reported Trauma Symptomatology Between Individuals With and Without Disability
Authors: Strauser David R. , Lustig Daniel C. , Uruk Ayse C.
Published: December 2007

In this study, the authors examined whether individuals with disabilities report higher levels of trauma symptoms than their nondisabled counterparts. Based on trauma theory and prior research regarding the incidence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder, the authors hypothesized that individuals with disabilities would report higher levels of trauma symptoms. Results partially supported the hypothesis, with women with disabilities reporting significantly higher levels of recalled trauma symptomatology when compared with men with disabilities and with men and women without disabilities. Men with disabilities did not report significantly higher levels of trauma symptoms when compared with men and women without disabilities. Effect sizes and confidence intervals were also computed for each analysis.
Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Beveridge Scott , Fabian Ellen
Published: December 2007

This study examined the relationship between attaining a job congruent with the Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE) vocational rehabilitation goal and vocational rehabilitation outcomes. Study participants were 171 vocational rehabilitation clients served by the Maryland State Department of Education Division of Rehabilitation Services (DORS) who were successfully rehabilitated and closed (Status 26) in 2002. Results generally supported the relationship between Holland's person—environment congruence construct and employment outcomes for this population. The IPE goal and employment outcome congruency was found to have a significant effect on participants' wages. In addition, educational attainment and disability category were also found to affect vocational rehabilitation employment outcomes. However, person—environment congruence did not increase participants' vocational satisfaction.
The Impact of Counselor Recovery Status Similarity on Perceptions of Attractiveness With Members of Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Priester Paul E. , Azen Razia , Speight Suzette , Vera Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2007

This study explores the impact of counselor alcoholism recovery status on perceptions of recovering alcoholics who are active members of Alcoholics Anonymous. The participants ( n = 116) were given a description of an analogue counselor and rated this counselor using the Counselor Rating Form—Short. There were three forms of the analogue counselor description: similarly perceived recovering, dissimilarly perceived non-recovering, and control. The similarly perceived recovering counselor was viewed more positively than the control. No statistically significant differences were found between the dissimilarity and control conditions. These results are discussed in terms of support for Rosenbaum's repulsion hypothesis of interpersonal relationship development.
Religious and Spiritual Beliefs and Practices of Persons With Chronic Pain
Authors: Glover-Graf Noreen M. , Marini Irmo , Baker Jeff , Buck Tina
Published: December 2007

Ninety-five persons receiving treatment for chronic pain were surveyed using the Spirituality and Chronic Pain Survey (SCPS). The survey included a pain assessment, a spiritual/religious practices assessment, and questions related to spiritual/religious beliefs and attitudes. Most participants reported experiencing constant, higher-level pain. The most frequent responses to pain were taking medication (89%) and praying (61%). Results indicated the majority of respondents perceived God or a Spiritual Power as helping them cope with pain and as a source of happiness, connection, and meaning in life. A factor analysis on attitude items of the SCPS identified 4 factors that accounted for 60% of the variance: (a) Spiritual Connection and Meaning, (b) Spiritual Increase and Hopefulness, (c) Spiritual Decrease and Punishment, and (d) Spiritual Power. Results suggest the relevance and utility of spirituality assessment for persons who live with chronic pain. Implications for practice, education, and future research are discussed.
Case Managers' Attitudes Toward the Use of Homework for People Diagnosed With a Severe Psychiatric Disability
Authors: Kelly Peter J. , Deane Frank P. , Kazantzis Nikolaos , Crowe Trevor P.
Published: December 2007

The study examined mental health case managers' attitudes toward the use of homework and explored the relationship between clinician attitudes and systematic homework administration practices. A survey examining attitudes toward the use of homework was completed by 122 Australian mental health case managers. Case managers who held more positive attitudes reported better client responses to homework. Systematic homework administration was predicted by the degree to which case managers felt that homework enhanced client outcomes and the importance that case managers placed on the use of homework for severe psychiatric disabilities. The use of training and supervision programs to promote systematic homework administration practice is discussed.
Structural Equation Modeling in Rehabilitation Counseling Research
Authors: Fong Chan  , Lee Gloria K. , Lee Eun-Jeong , Kubota Coleen , Allen Chase A.
Published: December 2007

Structural equation modeling (SEM) has become increasingly popular in counseling, psychology, and rehabilitation research. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the basic concepts and applications of SEM in rehabilitation counseling research using the AMOS statistical software program.
Knowledge and Skill Areas Associated with Disability Management Practice for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Scully Susan M. , Habeck Rochelle V. , Leahy Michael J.
Published: December 2007

A survey of disability management practitioners was conducted to delineate the knowledge and skills perceived by practitioners to be important in disability management service provision. This study explored the reported preparedness of disability management practitioners. Eight hundred participants received the Disability Management Skills Inventory (DMSI), which was developed for this investigation. A total of 311 individuals responded, for an overall response rate of 39.4%. Factor analysis of the DMSI revealed 94 knowledge and skill items distributed across three competency areas: (a) Fundamentals of Disability Management; (b) Elements of Vocational Rehabilitation; and (c) Elements of Facilitative Counseling and Advocacy. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance revealed statistically significant differences in perceived importance of various knowledge and skill areas, depending on providers' setting and professional classification. In addition, statistically significant differences in reported preparedness in knowledge and skill areas by professional classification were found.
Societal Transition
Authors: Sun Liping
Published: December 2007

Two major approaches have dominated the field of the sociology of development: theories of modernization, which focus on developed countries, and theories of development, which concentrate on Latin America, Africa, and East Asia. However, the societal transition in China, Russia, and the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe has confronted the sociology of development with a series of new issues for which existing approaches may not be adequate: How should one evaluate the various paths to development in different countries and regions? How should one examine the state-society relationship in social development and transition? How can one deal with the social inequality in the process of development? These topics have expanded the scope of the sociology of development and provided an opportunity to construct new theories. I suggest that, in response to the ongoing societal transition, the field of the sociology of development needs, in addition to theories of modernization and theories of development, theories of transition.
Changing Models of China's Policy Agenda Setting
Authors: Shaoguang Wang
Published: December 2007

In any society the number of potential public issues almost always exceeds the capabilities of the government to process them. Issues thus must compete for a place on the decision-making agenda. While it is certainly a dimension of power to influence the decision-making process per se, it is perhaps even more important to have a say in setting the agenda. This article proposes a typology of six agenda-setting models and discusses how those models have evolved in contemporary China. It argues that only by grasping a subtle yet significant transformation of agenda-setting models can one fully appreciate the extent to which China's political system has changed.
The Liberation of the Object and the Interrogation of Modernity
Authors: Wang Hui
Published: December 2007

This article, a reflection on the author's tetralogy The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought, focuses on three sets of antithetical concepts—empire and nation-state, rational bureaucracy ( junxian zhi) and feudal system ( fengjian zhi), rites/music and institutions—“continuity and rupture” in history and the idea of the trend of the times ( shishi); and the question of scientific outlook and national knowledge. It argues the importance of liberating the historical world of thought from the position as an object for our observation and transforming it into a perspective from which we can reflect on and observe the modern world of ours.
Documenting praxis shock in early-career Australian music teachers: the impact of pre-service teacher education
Authors: Ballantyne Julie
Published: December 2007

Early-career music teachers are well placed to comment on the effectiveness of pre-service teacher education. Their perceptions are particularly relevant in determining why music teachers are `burning out' at an early stage of their career. This article explores how 15 early-career Australian music teachers perceive their job and their preparedness for the workforce. Their stories suggest that although they feel a `passion' towards teaching music, they regard their early experiences in secondary schools as a time when they will either `sink or swim', and when they see themselves as a `one-man-band'. Analysis suggests that praxis shock in early-career music teachers is directly related to the unique experiences of being a music teacher. The article concludes with recommendations for pre-service courses to address issues of praxis shock in early-career music teachers.
Reflecting through Peshkin's I's
Authors: Savage Jonathan
Published: December 2007

Reflection is an appropriate way of accounting for professional practice and is a standard way in which one can `become better acquainted with one's own story'. Defining `subjectivity' as `the quality of an investigator that affects the results of observational investigation', Peshkin highlights the requirement for any observer of, or participant in, educational events to be `meaningfully attentive' to their own subjectivity as they conduct and reflect on their teaching and research activities. Using Peshkin's work as a model, this article considers the process by which the author identified a number of his own `subjective I's'. From this process, key points are made for other teachers or researchers wanting to adapt this reflective method to their own work.
Student-as-master? Reflections on a learning innovation in popular music pedagogy
Authors: Lebler Don
Published: December 2007

If the modern conservatorium is to prosper in a rapidly changing cultural and economic landscape, it will need to provide a learning experience that produces multi-skilled and adaptable graduates who are self-monitoring and self-directing. By implication, teaching practices that have dominated in the past will need to be re-thought, and alternatives considered that are likely to produce graduates with the abilities and attributes necessary to adapt readily to a changing environment. As a response to this imperative, one conservatorium has developed a pedagogical approach based on the creation of a scaffolded self-directed learning community, a master-less studio. It is embedded in a popular music programme that explicitly values the development of learning characteristics that will help graduates deal with an unpredictable future. Student feedback on the impact of these practices has been gathered during the evolution of this process. It includes survey data, formal and informal student feedback, and a number of interviews in which students describe how aspects of this learning-centred approach have interacted with their music-making and their career expectations. From this feedback, it is evident that greater student autonomy and self-efficacy result from the a-synchronous reflection on performance that is enabled through recording, the self-reflection that is required by self-assessing, and the reflections on the work of others that peer-based assessment demands.
On the value of intrinsic rather than traditional achievement goals for performing artists: a short-term prospective study
Authors: Lacaille Natalie , Koestner Richard , Gaudreau Patrick
Published: December 2007

Educational researchers have examined the effect of achievement goals on student performance, and suggest that both mastery goals and performance-approach goals are beneficial, whereas performance-avoidance goals are harmful. Recent research proposes that these results may not be generalized in the domain of music. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of performance approach, performance avoidance, mastery and intrinsic goals to the end-of-year public performance of 129 music, dance and acting conservatory students. Results demonstrated that both types of performance goals (approach and avoidance) were associated with negative emotional outcomes, and that only intrinsic goals were associated with positive performance and emotional outcomes. Mastery goals were unrelated to outcomes in this sample. Intrinsic goals associated with aesthetic expression and enjoyment seemed to be particularly helpful for performing artists.
MISC-MUSIC: a music program to enhance cognitive processing among children with learning difficulties
Authors: Portowitz Adena , Klein Pnina S.
Published: December 2007

Research findings confirm positive links between music education, scholastic achievement, and social adaptability, especially among at-risk and special needs children. However, few studies explain how this process occurs. This article presents a didactic approach, which suggests practical ways of enhancing general learning skills while teaching music. Conducted with young children with severe learning difficulties aged 4—10, the MISC-MUSIC (More Intelligent and Sensitive, or Socially Compliant Children) program (Klein, 1996) interconnects the following three components: (1) the content of the music lessons; (2) the creation of educational frameworks that nurture quality, active teacher—child interactions (mediated learning environments), and (3) the choice of relevant, general learning skills (cognitive functions) to be fostered during the music lesson. The article explains the theoretic premises of MISC-MUSIC, cites examples of how this approach was implemented, and reflects on the effectiveness of the program.
The value of monogamy in emerging adulthood: A gendered perspective
Authors: Schmookler Terra , Bursik Krisanne
Published: December 2007

Gender and gender role differences in the valuing of monogamy were examined using a sample of emerging adults currently in heterosexual dating relationships. Monogamy attitudes were measured on four dimensions: valuing emotional monogamy, valuing sexual monogamy, perceptions of monogamy as relationship-enhancing, and perceptions of monogamy as a sacrifice. Gender differences emerged, with women valuing both emotional and sexual monogamy more strongly than men. While both men and women viewed monogamy as relationship enhancing, men were more likely to view monogamy as a sacrifice. Individuals with gender roles defined by communal traits valued monogamy more highly. Each of the monogamy dimensions was significantly correlated with reported relationship satisfaction. Findings are interpreted from evolutionary and social constructionist perspectives.
Relationship satisfaction and commitment in long-term male couples: Individual and dyadic effects
Authors: Boesch Richard P. , Cerqueira Renata , Safer Martin A. , Wright Thomas L.
Published: December 2007

Male couples (N = 53) described their relationship history during an oral history interview, and partners also provided individual self-reports about relationship satisfaction, commitment, and quality. Although couple members were similar in satisfaction levels, they differed in commitment levels. An individual's expression of positive and negative emotions during the interview predicted both his own and his partner's current satisfaction, but predicted only his partner's satisfaction four years later. Furthermore, current and future relationship satisfaction was predicted not just by one's own, but also by one's partner's, perception of equality and attachment. In contrast, current and future commitment was predicted only by one's own perception of equality and attachment. Thus, predictors of satisfaction were both personal and interpersonal, but predictors of commitment were only personal. Separable individual- and dyadic-level processes underlie intimate relationships.
The role of separation/divorce in relapse into and recovery from major depression
Authors: Cohen Shiri , Klein Daniel N. , O'Leary K. Daniel
Published: December 2007

This study examined the effects of marital dissolution on two potential outcomes, relapse into and recovery from major depression, within a sample that explicitly faces the recurring risk of depression. Among subjects who were depressed at the time of marital dissolution, Cox proportional hazards models revealed a five-fold increased probability of recovering from major depression for subjects who experienced a separation/ divorce relative to subjects who did not separate/divorce. Among subjects who were remitted/recovered at the time of marital dissolution, analyses did not reveal a significant probability of relapsing into major depression following a separation/divorce. These findings suggest that among individuals with a history of major depression and marital stressors, experiencing a separation/divorce may function to alleviate rather than precipitate depression.
Views on interracial dating among Chinese and European Canadians: The roles of culture, gender, and mainstream cultural identity
Authors: Uskul Ayse K. , Lalonde Richard N. , Cheng Lynda
Published: December 2007

The present study examines cross-cultural and gender differences in the norms regarding interracial dating among Chinese and European Canadians. In response to a scenario describing an interracial dating conflict between a young adult and his/her parents, Chinese Canadians gave greater support to parents than did European Canadians, who in turn gave greater support to the young adult than did Chinese Canadians. With regard to self-report measures of views on interracial dating, Chinese Canadian males showed less favorable attitudes towards interracial dating than all other groups and showed less openness to interracial dating than did European Canadian males. Among Chinese Canadians only, endorsement of Canadian identity made a contribution above and beyond family allocentrism to the prediction of all measures assessing views on interracial dating.
Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others
Authors: Hodgson Lisa K. , Wertheim Eleanor H.
Published: December 2007

The ability to forgive is considered important in the successful maintenance of relationships. In this study, a multifactorial model predicting two forms of forgiveness was examined in a combined community and university sample (N = 110) who reported on their ability to manage emotions, their tendency to empathize (through perspective taking, empathic concern, and personal distress), and their disposition to forgive others and self. Findings suggested that the ability to manage and repair emotions predicted a greater disposition to forgive, and that perspective taking mediated the relationship between emotion management and forgiveness of others. A multifactorial model for other-forgiveness was completely replicated in significant others' (N = 104) reports about participants, although significant others' results only partially replicated participant findings for self-forgiveness.