bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlação entre a resposta do algodoeiro à adubação e a porcentagem de saturação em bases em vários tipos de solos do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Fuzatto Milton Geraldo , Ferraz Carlos Antônio Menezes
Published: April 2009

É discutido um aspecto da relação entre o efeito da adubação no algodoeiro e a análise química do solo, nas condições do Estado de São Paulo. Correlação entre a resposta à adubação e a porcentagem de saturação em bases no solo, foi verificada no estudo de 126 experimentos, conduzidos em vários tipos de solo. Uma equação polinomial de 2.° grau, descreve a correlação obtida, com um coeficiente R = 0,676xx.
Efeito do tamanho de agregados sôbre o crescimento e sistema radicular do milho
Authors: Grohmann F. , Queiroz Neto José Pereira de
Published: April 2009

Agregados das classes de tamanho 7-4, 4-2, 2-1 e < 1 mm, dos solos latossolo roxo e podzólico vermelho amarelo-orto, foram colocados em vasos de vegetação, para permitir a observação do crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular do milho naqueles diferentes tamanhos de agregados. Verificou-se que o comportamento das plantas foi diferente num e noutro solo. No latossolo roxo, a classe de tamanho de agregados mais conveniente para o crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular foi a < 1 mm; no podzólico vermelho amarelo o maior desenvolvimento da planta se deu nas classes de tamanho 4-2 e 2-1 mm. A causa da variação do crescimento das partes aéreas e do sistema radicular parece estar ligada ao comportamento fisico do solo. Assim, para os podzólicos vermelho amarelo-orto a pulverização do solo antes do cultivo provocaria uma compactação excessiva, dificultando o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular; o latossolo roxo não apresentaria êsse inconveniente, possibilitando um trabalho mais intenso da terra para o cultivo.
Características analíticas dos agregados dos solos terra-roxa (latossolo roxo) e massapé (podzólico vermelho amarelo-orto)
Authors: Queiroz Neto José Pereira de , Grohmann Francisco , Oliveira João Bertoldo de
Published: April 2009

Os resultados de laboratório mostram que o solo massapé contém maior quantidade de agregados grosseiros, de maior estabilidade nágua, do que a terra-roxa, confirmando as descrições de campo dêsses dois solos. As características físicas e químicas (textura, umidade, pH, matéria orgânica, N, bases trocáveis, capacidade de troca e óxidos livres de ferro), determinadas em todos os tamanhos de agregados dêsses solos, mostraram que: a)na terra roxa os valores dessas características, exceção feita dos óxidos livres de ferro, são mais elevados nos agregados maiores, e menores e mais baixos nos intermediários; os teores de óxidos livres de ferro parecem variam em função inversa dos teores de argila e matéria orgânica; b) no massapé observou-se que os valores das características analisadas eram praticamente os mesmos em tôdas as classes de tamanho de agregados; c) há uma relação nítida entre os valores de argila, matéria orgânica, soma de bases e capacidade de troca em tôdas as classes de tamanho de agregados. Os autores discutem a influência que os diversos elementos analisados podem ter sôbre as características estruturais dêsses solos.
Uma experiência de mudança da gestão universitária: o percurso ambivalente entre proposições e realizações
Authors: Sampaio Rosely Moraes , Laniado Ruthy Nadia
Published: April 2009

Este artigo analisa uma experiência de mudança e modernização da gestão administrativa universitária, observando a relação entre iniciativas, proposições e efetivação de projetos, considerando o padrão dos valores culturais que facilitam ou não um processo de mudança na gestão. Para tanto, pesquisou-se duas propostas de modernização para a Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, elaboradas entre 1999 e 2001. O estudo de caso se apoiou em análise documental e entrevistas com os gestores envolvidos nos projetos. A interpretação das informações obtidas revela que valores culturais e padrões de conduta dos atores influenciam de forma relevante as estruturas conservadoras organizacionais e viabilizam mudanças. O modo como os atores percebem o sentido da mudança e os valores arraigados determinam os limites e o nível de consecução de iniciativas modernizadoras da gestão.
O movimento civil-militar de 1964 e os intelectuais
Authors: Sanfelice José Luís
Published: April 2009

Este estudo deseja captar no movimento da história, em uma conjuntura determinada, tensões que opuseram diferentes sujeitos sociais dos anos de 1970, no Brasil. Em um dos pólos localiza-se o pensamento expresso pelos primeiros governantes do movimento civil-militar que ocuparam o aparelho de Estado em 1964. Humberto Castelo Branco, presidente da República, Flávio Suplicy de Lacerda, ministro da Educação e Cultura, e Raymundo Moniz de Aragão, com seus pronunciamentos no V Fórum Universitário, encarregaram-se de transmitir o pensamento do governo à sociedade. Na seqüência, em curto espaço de tempo, os reflexos apareceriam no aparato legal da reforma universitária consentida. O contraponto à visão oficial encontra-se, para fins deste trabalho, em um texto da época de autoria de Florestan Fernandes e que resultou da conferência proferida na abertura do I Fórum de Professores, realizado no Rio de Janeiro em 1968. Espera-se, analisando o conflito ideológico, alcançar uma compreensão crítica mais acurada do movimento civil-militar de 1964 e das suas relações com diferentes intelectuais.
A perda do mundo
Authors: Giannotti José Arthur
Published: April 2009

Estamos diante de um paradoxo: vivemos num mundo globalizado, em que os acontecimentos podem ser apresentados em tempo real, mas não logram se armar numa imagem de mundo que nos conduza a ele como nossa morada. Neste artigo, pergunta-se se haveria algum rebatimento entre o funcionamento atual do sistema capitalista e essa experiência de falta do mundo que nos persegue no cotidiano.
Babel da floresta, cidades dos brancos? Os Marubo no trânsito entre dois mundos
Authors: Cesarino Pedro de Niemeyer
Published: April 2009

Este artigo trata da relação entre povos indígenas e as cidades através da análise do caso marubo, povo do Vale do Javari (AM) falante de língua da família Pano. O artigo tem por objetivo investigar os pressupostos do xamanismo e da mitologia mobilizados na compreensão das cidades, dos deslocamentos e da alteridade. Lançando mão das contribuições recentes da etnologia americanista, pretende-se oferecer parâmetros para a análise de problemas conceituais envolvidos no entrecruzamento dos pressupostos indígenas e não-indígenas sobre territórios, mudança e diferença.
Saúde infantil em áreas pobres: resultados de um estudo de base populacional nos municípios de Caracol, Piauí, e Garrafão do Norte, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Cesar Juraci A. , Chrestani Maria Aurora D. , Fantinel Everton J. , Gonçalves Tatiane S. , Neumann Nelson A.
Published: April 2009

Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer indicadores básicos de saúde infantil nos municípios de Caracol, Piauí, e Garrafão do Norte, Pará, Brasil. Mediante visitas domiciliares por amostragem sistemática, aplicaram-se questionários às mães de menores de cinco anos, investigando nível sócio-econômico, condições de habitação e saneamento da família, características demográficas, padrão de morbidade, de utilização de serviços de saúde e de assistência recebida durante a gestação e o parto. A análise consistiu da comparação de indicadores entre os dois municípios e foi avaliada através dos testes t e qui-quadrado. Das 1.728 crianças estudadas, 60% de suas famílias possuíam renda inferior a um salário mínimo mensal; 41% não contavam com qualquer tipo de sanitário; 10% de suas mães não realizaram uma única consulta de pré-natal; 30% nasceram no domicilio; 30% foram levadas à consulta médica nos últimos três meses; 20% apresentavam déficit > 2 desvios-padrão para o indicador altura/idade. Todos os indicadores estudados foram ruins em ambos os municípios, sobretudo em Garrafão do Norte. Aumentar a oferta de cuidados em saúde e melhorar as condições de habitação e saneamento deveriam ser prioridades nessas localidades.
O impacto da orientação para o mercado e da orientação para aprendizagem sobre a inovação de produto: uma comparação entre a indústria eletroeletrônica e o setor de ensino universitário de administração
Authors: Perin Marcelo Gattermann , Sampaio Cláudio Hoffmann , Faleiro Sandro Nero
Published: April 2009

Apesar da consolidação teórica do tema Orientação para o Mercado e sua influência no desempenho organizacional, uma corrente de autores da área de Marketing tem argumentado que a Orientação para o Mercado é necessária mas não suficiente para sustentar uma vantagem competitiva de longo prazo. Visando ao aprofundamento deste tema, este artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre Orientação para o Mercado, Orientação para Aprendizagem e Inovação. Para tanto, um modelo teórico, contendo as relações hipotetizadas entre os referidos construtos, foi desenvolvido e testado, por meio da aplicação da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados do levantamento realizado na Indústria Eletro-Eletrônica do Brasil e nos Cursos de Graduação em Administração filiados à ANGRAD (Associação Nacional dos Cursos de Graduação em Administração) demonstraram uma influência positiva e significativa da Orientação para o Mercado sobre a Inovação de produtos, além do impacto indireto da Orientação para Aprendizagem na Inovação mediante a sua forte e positiva influência sobre a Orientação para o Mercado. Resultados complementares, futuras pesquisas e implicações gerenciais foram, ainda, discutidos.
Alteridade, expatriação e trabalho: implicações para a gestão organizacional
Authors: Machado Hilka Vier , Hernandes Cláudio Aurélio
Published: April 2009

A alteridade consiste na relação do indivíduo com o outro. É por meio dessa troca que cada um constrói ou reconstrói sua identidade. Por outro lado, situações de expatriação requerem redefinição das identidades, tanto no plano individual quanto no social. Tendo em vista esses aspectos, este estudo qualitativo e exploratório foi realizado sob a forma de estudos de casos, junto a nove pessoas que saíram de seus países de origem para trabalhar em outro país. O objetivo do estudo é investigar o processo de alteridade em expatriados e as suas implicações nas situações de trabalho. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, gravadas e transcritas. O conteúdo foi analisado com apoio do software Nvivus e as seguintes categorias foram extraídas dos discursos: vida de expatriado, vida de repatriado e situações de trabalho. Finalmente, com base nos resultados encontrados, discute-se implicações do estudo nas organizações e na gestão organizacional.
Desempenho das empresas brasileiras: efeitos ano, ramo de negócios e firma individual
Authors: Brito Luiz Artur Ledur , Vasconcelos Flávio Carvalho de
Published: April 2009

O desempenho varia. Esta simples afirmação esconde muito da complexidade da estratégia. Já que o desempenho varia entre empresas individuais, os pesquisadores podem explorar os fatores que diferenciam estas empresas entre si e explicar por que algumas firmas consistentemente apresentam melhor desempenho do que outras. Já que o desempenho varia entre diferentes ramos de negócios, os pesquisadores podem explorar as características estruturais destes ramos como uma das causas de variação. Já que o desempenho varia com o tempo, os pesquisadores podem explorar elementos dinâmicos do ambiente e internos que determinam as decisões estratégicas. Na realidade, a medição e análise do desempenho torna-se muito complicada quando todas estas fontes de variação agem de forma simultânea e integrada. A discussão teórica por trás desta questão é a importância relativa da abordagem derivada da organização industrial versus a visão baseada em recursos. Este trabalho analisa a variância do desempenho de um conjunto de empresas brasileiras no período 1998-2001. Os resultados demonstram que os efeitos firma são ainda dominantes, com os efeitos ano e ramo de negócios apresentando-se menores configurando uma situação similar ao encontrado no ambiente norte americano.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AGGRESSIVENESS, PEER PRESSURE AND PARENTAL ATTITUDES AMONG TURKISH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Eldelekliog˘lu Jale
Published: April 2009

The relationships between aggressive behaviors, peer pressure, parental attitudes, and gender among 202 students from different public high schools were investigated in this study. Three scales were employed. Following the calculation of the correlation coefficients among the scores,
a significant and positive relationship between the aggressiveness scores and the peer pressure, authoritarian and protective parental attitudes scores, and a significant and negative relationship between the aggressiveness scores and the democratic parental attitudes scores were found. Regression
analysis was employed to see if the variables of peer pressure and parental attitudes predict the aggressiveness scores, and indicated that democratic parental attitudes, peer pressure and protective parental attitudes are the predictors of aggressiveness. Furthermore, the difference between
the female and male students' aggressiveness score means was tested by using t test, and it was established that male students were more aggressive than were female students.
TOURISM BEHAVIOR TOWARD DISASTERS: A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON
Authors: Min Jennifer C. H.
Published: April 2009

The current study extends the author's previous study in which Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension (1991) was applied to the case of the September 21st earthquake in 1999, the largest natural disaster of the 20th century in Taiwan. The study assessed how the behavior
of Japanese and United States tourists has been affected. The results indicate clear differences in rebound status between Japanese and American visitor arrivals that are remarkably consistent with Hofstede's conceptualization – the Japanese tended toward uncertainty avoidance more
than the Americans.
Control and Regulation of Integrated Mitochondrial Function in Metabolic and Transport Networks
Authors: Cortassa Sonia , O’Rourke Brian , Winslow Raimond L. , Aon Miguel A.
Published: April 2009

The pattern of flux and concentration control coefficients in an integrated mitochondrial energetics model is examined by applying a generalized matrix method of control analysis to calculate control coefficients, as well as response coefficients The computational model of Cortassa et al. encompasses oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and Ca2+ dynamics. Control of ATP synthesis, TCA cycle, and ANT fluxes were found to be distributed among various mitochondrial processes. Control is shared by processes associated with ATP/ADP production and transport, as well as by Ca2+ dynamics. The calculation also analyzed the control of the concentrations of key regulatory ions and metabolites (Ca2+, NADH, ADP). The approach we have used demonstrates how properties of integrated systems may be understood through applications of computational modeling and control analysis.
Activated charcoal‐loaded composite membranes of sodium alginate in pervaporation separation of water‐organic azeotropes
Authors: Aminabhavi T. M. , Patil M. B. , Bhat S. D. , Halgeri A. B. , Vijayalakshmi R. P. , Kumar P.
Published: April 2009

Composite membranes of sodium alginate prepared by incorporating nanosized‐activated charcoal particles were prepared and characterized for the extent of cross‐linking, thermal stability, and mechanical strength properties using Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and universal testing machine, respectively. The membranes were tested for pervaporation (PV) dehydration of isopropanol (IPA), ethanol (EtOH), 1,4‐dioxane (1,4‐D), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at their azeotropic compositions. Improved PV performances of the composite membranes were observed compared with plain sodium alginate membrane for all the azeotropes. Sorption was studied to evaluate the extent of interactions between liquids and membranes as well as degree of swelling of the membranes in the chosen aqueous‐organic mixtures. Adding different amounts of activated charcoal into NaAlg offered high water selectivity values of 99.7, 99.1, 99.4, and 99.41%, respectively, for IPA, THF, 1,4‐D, and EtOH. Arrhenius activation parameters were computed from the temperature versus flux plots, which showed systematic trends for different liquids that depended upon their interactions with membranes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Performance studies of heterogeneous ion exchange membranes in the removal of bivalent metal ions in an electrodialysis stack
Authors: Ray P.
Published: April 2009

Heterogeneous anion and cation exchange membranes have been prepared by solution casting technique with poly(vinyl chloride) as inert binder and anion/cation exchange resins (−300 + 400 mesh) in a blend ratio of 60 : 40. The membranes were characterized with respect to their physical, mechanical, and electrochemical behavior. Anion and cation exchange membranes (10 cell pairs) were packed in an electrodialysis stack in a parallel plus series flow pattern. Desalting experiments were carried out with four different salt solutions, such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cupric chloride, and nickel chloride (varying in their total dissolved solid from 500 to 1000 ppm), at different applied potentials and flow rates. The resultant current, percentage reduction in total dissolved solid, current efficiency, and energy consumption were calculated. The maximum current density in the electrodialysis stack was observed for calcium chloride solution and at any applied potential and flow rate the percentage reduction in total dissolved solid for Ca++ > Cu++ > Ni++ > Mg++. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synergistic enhancement in tensile strength and ductility of ABS by using recycled PETG plastic
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Xinlan , Zhang Qin , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang
Published: April 2009

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) blends with various ratios at three different processing temperatures were prepared. A significant synergistic enhancement in tensile strength and ductility for a wide range of compositions was achieved. Phase morphology with droplets, fibrils, and co‐continuity was obtained, depending on the composition and processing temperature. Changes of the phase domain sizes and the composition range of co‐continuity were found with the change of processing temperature and could be explained by temperature‐induced coalescence effects. The synergism and toughening mechanism were discussed based on the temperature‐morphology‐property relationships. Since the PETG used is a recycled plastic from the waste films and plates, our work provides a new and inexpensive means for the modification of ABS with high mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polymeric calcium phosphate cements incorporated with poly‐γ‐glutamic acid: Comparative study of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid and citric acid
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Seo Mijung , Chung Jin Wha , Kwon Soon Yong , Kim Yong‐Sik
Published: April 2009

Polymeric calcium phosphate cements (PCPC) derived from biodegradable poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) were prepared in an attempt to improve the mechanical strength of calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The characteristics of the PCPCs were compared with those of cement incorporated with citric acid. The diametral tensile and compressive strengths of the CPC incorporated with γ‐PGA were significantly higher than that of cement incorporated with citric acid at equivalent concentrations (P < 0.05). The maximal diametral tensile and compressive strengths of the CPC incubated for 1 week in physiological saline solution were approximately 18.0 and 50.0 MPa, respectively. However, the initial setting time of the PCPC was slower than that of CPC incorporated with citric acid. The formation of ionic complexes between calcium ions and γ‐PGA was observed using FTIR spectroscopy. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formation was retarded by γ‐PGA incorporation according to scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) observations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(lactide) in melt with magnesium hydride as catalyst
Authors: Guerrouani Nadia , Mas André , Schué François
Published: April 2009

Grafting of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactide) (PLA) chains on poly(vinyl alcohol) backbone (PVA degree of hydrolysis 99%) was investigated using MgH2 environmental catalyst and melt‐grown ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) and L‐lactide (LA), that avoiding undesirable toxic catalyst and solvent. The ability of MgH2 as catalyst as well as yield of reaction were discussed according to various PVA/CL/MgH2 and PVA/LA/MgH2 ratio. PVA‐g‐PCL and PVA‐g‐PLA were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DSC, SEC, IR. For graft copolymers easily soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or chloroform, wettability and surface energy of cast film varied in relation with the length and number of hydrophobic chains. Aqueous solution of micelle‐like particles was realized by dissolution in THF then addition of water. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with hydrophobic chains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ultrasonic sealing of polyester and spectra fabrics using thermo plastic properties
Authors: Ghosh Subhas , Reddy Renuka
Published: April 2009

A study of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and spectra fabric's ultrasonic sealing (welding) potential was conducted using both continuous and discontinuous ultrasonic welding machines. The effects of two important welding parameters such as weld pressure and weld time were investigated on the fabric's bond strength. Depending on the thermal property of the polymer, a certain level of temperature rise during sealing is required to soften the fibers, to facilitate the development of rows of welding points between the fabric layers. This happens under the compaction due to weld pressure. The gaps between the points are so narrow that the rows appear to be a complete sealing of the layers. Excessive melting under weld pressure, to create melt bonding caused polymer degradation and poor bond strength. Scanning Electron Microcopy images and the temperature measurements at the fabric's interface were used to examine the bond locations of the fabric. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses of PET and spectra fabrics have been used to examine the thermal behavior of the ultrasonic sealed material. Adequate seam strength was achieved under certain conditions of sealing for both the fabrics using both continuous and discontinuous methods of operation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A novel process to isolate fibrils from cellulose fibers by high‐intensity ultrasonication, Part 1: Process optimization
Authors: Wang Siqun , Cheng Qingzheng
Published: April 2009

Cellulose fibrils of microscale and nanoscale sizes have great strength and hence furnish the possibility of reinforcing polymers. Fibrils can be isolated from natural cellulose fibers by chemical or mechanical methods. However, the existing procedures either produce low yields or severely degrade the cellulose and, moreover, are not environment friendly or energy efficient. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel process that uses high‐intensity ultrasonication (HIUS) to isolate fibrils from several cellulose resources. Six factors that may affect the efficiency of fibrillation, including power, temperature, time, concentration, size, and distance, have been considered and discussed. HIUS treatment can produce very strong mechanical oscillating power; therefore, the separation of cellulose fibrils from its biomass is possible by the action of hydrodynamic forces of the ultrasound. Water‐retention value and volume change were used to evaluate and optimize the process parameters. The degree of fibrillation of the cellulose fibers treated by HIUS was significantly increased. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electrokinetic properties of polypropylene‐layered silicate nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Smole Majda Sfiligoj , Stakne Kristina , Kleinschek Karin Stana , Kurecic Manja , Bele Marjan , Svetec Diana Gregor , Ribitsch Volker
Published: April 2009

Nanocomposite fibers based on polypropylene (PP) polymer were prepared with different content of nanofiller. Filaments were spun from an isotactic iPP homopolymer. Montmorillonite modified by N,N‐dimethyl‐N,N dioctadecylammonium cations was used for preparation of PP nanocomposite fibers. A PP grafted with acrylic acid was added as a coupling agent. Nanocomposite fibers were characterized, i.e., the surface morphology of PP nanocomposite fibers was observed and surface properties were defined by electrokinetic properties determination by zeta potential measurements. For particle distribution observation the plasma etching was involved as a method for sample preparation. The addition of nanoparticles has an impact on ZP value of nanofilled fibers, however, isoelectric point IEP is not significantly influenced by different concentrations of nanofiller. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
In vitro effects of 2‐methoxyestradiol on cell numbers, morphology, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis induction in oesophageal carcinoma cells
Authors: Thaver Veneesha , Lottering Mona‐Liza , van Papendorp Dirk , Joubert Annie
Published: April 2009

The influence of 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME) was investigated on cell numbers, morphology, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis induction in an oesophageal carcinoma cell line (WHCO3). Dose‐dependent studies (1 × 10−9M–1 × 10−6M) revealed that 2‐ME significantly reduced cell numbers to 60% in WHCO3 after 72 h of exposure at a concentration of 1 × 10−6M compared to vehicle‐treated cells. Morphological studies entailing light‐, fluorescent‐, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed 2‐ME's antimitotic effects. These results indicated hallmarks of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, hypercondensation of chromatin, cell membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies in treated cells. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated an increase in the G2/M‐phase after 2‐ME exposure; thus preventing cells from proceeding through the cell cycle. β‐tubulin immunofluorescence revealed that 2‐ME caused spindle disruption. In addition, increased expression of death receptor 5 protein was observed further supporting the proposed mechanism of apoptosis induction via the extrinsic pathway in 2‐ME‐exposed oesophageal carcinoma cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Kinetically Mechanistic Investigation of Oxidation of 1,4‐Butanediamine by Ag(III) Complex in Alkaline Medium
Authors: SONG Changying , SHAN Jinhuan , Shen Shigang , Sun Hanwen
Published: April 2009

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 1,4‐butanediamine by a Ag(III) complex were studied spectrophotometrically in alkaline medium at constant ion strength. The reaction shows first order with respect to the Ag(III) complex and 1,4‐butanediamine respectively. The second order rate constant, k′, increased with the increasing in [OH−], and decreased with the increasing in [IO4−]. A plausible mechanism was proposed from the kinetics study. The rate equations derived from the mechanism can explain all experimental phenomena. The activation parameters were calculated.
Theoretical Studies on the Infrared Vibrational Spectra, Thermodynamic Properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra for Polynitro‐1,3‐bishomopentaprismanes
Authors: QIU Limei , GONG Xuedong , WANG Guixiang , ZHENG Jian , XIAO Heming
Published: April 2009

Based on the optimized molecular geometries at the DFT‐B3LYP/6‐31G∗︁ level, IR spectra, thermodynamic functions, as well as 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts, were obtained and discussed for polynitro‐1,3‐bishomo‐pentaprismanes (PNBPP). The comparison of the calculated IR frequencies and NMR chemical shifts showed considerable agreements with the available experimental results. IR regions, 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts of PNBPP were assigned. The relationships of the thermodynamic functions with temperature and the number of nitro groups were discussed, and it was found that the latter showed a good group additivity rule. These calculated data and discussions would be helpful for the further study of PNBPP.
Catalytic Combustion of Ethyl Acetate over Nanostructure Cobalt Supported ZSM‐5 Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: NIAEI Aligholi , SALARI Dariush , HOSSEINI Seyed Ali , KHATAMIAN Masumeh , JODAEL Azadeh
Published: April 2009

Gas phase catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate, as one of volatile organic compounds (VOC), was studied on nanostructure ZSM‐5, HZSM‐5 and Co‐ZSM‐5 with different cobalt loadings. Nanostructure of ZSM‐5 was determined by XRD, SEM and TEM. Catalytic studies were carried out under atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that the Co‐ZSM‐5 catalysts had better activity than others and at temperatures below 350 °C, amount of Co loading was more effective on catalytic activity. The order of conversion of ethyl acetate over different Co loading is as follows: Co‐ZSM‐5 (0.75 wt%)<Co‐ZSM‐5 (1.5 wt%)<Co‐ZSM‐5 (15 wt%)<Co‐ZSM‐5 (2.8 wt%). Besides the higher the inlet concentration of ethyl acetate, the lower the conversion yield, and oxygen concentration in catalytic oxidation conditions has not so large influence on conversion. Furthermore, the presence of water vapor in inlet gaseous feed has an inhibitive effect on ethyl acetate conversion and at the temperatures above 400?C, the effect decreases.
Homogeneous DNA Detection Based on Fluorescence Quenching by Nanoparticles in Single‐step Format: Target‐Induced Configuration Transform
Authors: ZHANG Songbai , WU Zaisheng , XIE Ming , SHEN Guoli , YU Ruqin
Published: April 2009

A new strategy for homogeneous detection of DNA hybridization in single‐step format was developed based on fluorescence quenching by gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticle is functionalized with 5′‐thiolated 48‐base oligonucleotide (probe sequence), whose 3′‐terminus is labeled with fluorescein (FAM), a negatively charged fluorescence dye. The oligonucleotide adopts an extended configuration due to the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged gold nanoparticle and the FAM‐attached probe sequence. After addition of the complementary target sequence, specific DNA hybridization induces a conformation change of the probe from an extended structure to an arch‐like configuration, which brings the fluorophore and the gold nanoparticle in close proximity. The fluorescence is efficiently quenched by gold nanoparticles. The fluorescence quenching efficiency is related to the target concentration, which allows the quantitative detection for target sequence in a sample. A linear detection range from 1.6 to 209.4 nmol/L was obtained under the optimized experimental conditions with a detection limit of 0.1 nmol/L. In the assay system, the gold nanoparticles act as both nanoscaffolds and nanoquenchers. Furthermore, the proposed strategy, in which only two DNA sequences are involved, is not only different from the traditional molecular beacons or reverse molecular beacons but also different from the commonly used sandwich hybridization methods. In addition, the DNA hybridization detection was achieved in homogenous solution in a single‐step format, which allows real‐time detection and quantification with other advantages such as easy operation and elimination of washing steps.
Identification of Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Plant Extract of Plantago asiatica L. by Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: LI Li , LIU Chunming , LIU Zhiqiang , TSAO Rong , LIU Shuying
Published: April 2009

The present work describes a liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) method for rapid identification of phenylethanoid glycosides in plant extract from Plantago asiatica L. By using a binary mobile phase system consisting of 0.2% acetic acid and acetonitrile under gradient conditions, a good separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column. The [M–H]− ions, the molecular weights, and the fragment ions of phenylethanoid glycosides were obtained in the negative ion mode using LC‐ESI‐MS. The identification of the phenylethanoid glycosides (peaks 1–3) in the extract of P. asiatica L. was based on matching their retention time, the detection of molecular ions, and the fragment ions obtained by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments with those of the authentic standards and data reported in the literature.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of Chiral Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: YAN Zhikun , CAI Xuejian , YANG Xuan , SONG Baoan , CHEN Zhuo , BHADURY S. Pinaki , HU Deyu , JIN Linhong , XUE Wei , LU Ping
Published: April 2009

An environmentally benign method has been developed for the synthesis of novel chiral thiourea derivatives in high yields in ionic liquid [Bmim]PF6. The ionic solvent can be recovered and reused without any loss of its activity. The target compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. According to the preliminary bioassay, some of the chiral thiourea analogues exhibited moderate in vivo antiviral activities against TMV at a concentration of 500 mg/L. Title chiral compound 3i was found to possess good in vivo protection, inactivation and curative activities of 57.0%, 96.4% and 55.0%, respectively against TMV with an inhibitory concentration at 500 mg/L. The title chiral compound 3i revealed better inactivation effect on TMV (EC50=50.8 µg/mL) than Ningnanmycin (EC50=60.2 µg/mL).
Synthetic Multimeric Heptyl Mannosides as Potent Antiadhesives of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Gouin Sébastien G. , Wellens Adinda , Bouckaert Julie , Kovensky José
Published: April 2009

Sweet medicine: Multimeric glycoconjugates with valencies ranging from one to four were synthesized by click chemistry. Unprecedented adhesion inhibitions of piliated E. coli to human bladder cells were recorded with the multimers; a tetravalent derivative showed inhibitory concentrations 6000‐ and 64‐fold lower than mannose and heptyl α‐D‐mannoside, respectively.

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Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli presents a serious communal and nosocomial health problem initiated by bacterial adhesion to the bladder cells. E. coli expresses fimbriae with a mannose‐binding adhesin, FimH, at the tip. Heptyl α‐D‐mannoside (HM) is a nanomolar inhibitor of this lectin, preventing adhesion of type 1‐piliated E. coli and reducing bacteria levels in a murine cystitis model. Herein, we described the synthesis of multimeric heptyl‐mannosides with valencies ranging from one to four by copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Biological evaluation of the multivalent compounds revealed an increase in potency compared to HM. Inhibition of bladder cell binding highlighted a promising tetravalent derivative with inhibitory concentrations 6000‐ and 64‐fold lower than mannose and HM respectively.
Distinct roles of neuropilin 1 signaling for radial and tangential extension of callosal axons
Authors: Hatanaka Yumiko , Matsumoto Tomoko , Yanagawa Yuchio , Fujisawa Hajime , Murakami Fujio , Masu Masayuki
Published: April 2009

Cortical excitatory neurons migrate from their origin in the ventricular zone (VZ) toward the pial surface. During migration, these neurons exhibit a stellate shape in the intermediate zone (IZ), transform into bipolar cells, and then initiate radial migration, extending a trailing process, which may lead to an axon. Here we examined the role of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in these developmental events. Both NRP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the IZ, where stellate‐shaped cells were located. DiI labeling experiments showed that neuronal migration occurred normally in Nrp1 mutant mice up to embryonic day (E) 14.5, the latest day to which the mutant survives, with only subtle axonal defasciculation. However, interference with Nrp1 signaling at a later stage caused pathfinding errors: when a dominant negative form of Nrp1 was electroporated into the cortical VZ cells at E12.5 or E15.5 and examined perinatally, guidance errors were found in tangential axonal extension toward the midline. In contrast, no significant effect was noted on the migration of cortical excitatory neurons. These findings indicate that NRP1 plays an important role in the guidance of callosal axons originating from cortical excitatory neurons but does not support a role in their migration. Moreover, insofar as radial axonal extension within the cortical plate was unaffected, the present findings imply that molecular mechanisms for the axonal extension of excitatory neurons within the cortical plate are distinct from those in the white matter. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:215–225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Click Multivalent Heterogeneous Neoglycoconjugates – Modular Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Binding Affinities
Authors: Ortega‐Muñoz Mariano , Perez‐Balderas Francisco , Morales‐Sanfrutos Julia , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Isac‐García Joaquín , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco
Published: April 2009

The efficient synthesis of structurally diverse, multivalent, heterogeneous neoglycoconjugates by means of a series of different click‐based strategies is described. The methodology is highly efficient and versatile allowing for easy access to a series of mannose (α‐Man)‐containing glycoconjugates differing in their valency, nature of the scaffold, nature of the constitutive sugars and length of the linker. The influence of those structural parameters on the binding affinities of these glycomimics toward Concanavalin A (Con A) was evaluated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New and Efficient Iron Halide Mediated Synthesis of Alkenyl Halides through Coupling of Alkynes and Alcohols
Authors: Biswas Srijit , Maiti Sukhendu , Jana Umasish
Published: April 2009

A novel, simple, and straightforward one‐pot reaction of alkynes with various alcohols in the presence of iron salts (FeCl3and FeBr3) was described to yield the corresponding alkenyl halides with complete regioselectivity and highstereoselectivity. The reaction is high yielding and works under mild conditions. The iron salts act as Lewis acids and a source of halides. The reaction tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. Noteworthy is that this method is cheap, efficient, and environmentally friendly.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The timing of temporoparietal and frontal activations during mental own body transformations from different visuospatial perspectives
Authors: Schwabe Lars , Lenggenhager Bigna , Blanke Olaf
Published: April 2009

The perspective from where the world is perceived is an important aspect of the bodily self and may break down in neurological conditions such as out‐of‐body experiences (OBEs). These striking disturbances are characterized by disembodiment, an external perspective and have been observed after temporoparietal damage. Using mental own body imagery, recent neuroimaging work has linked perspectival changes to the temporoparietal cortex. Because the disembodied perspective during OBEs is elevated in the majority of cases, we tested whether an elevated perspective will interfere with such temporoparietal mechanisms mental own body imagery. We designed stimuli of life‐sized humans rotated around the vertical axis and rendered as if viewed from three different perspectives: elevated, lowered, and normal. Reaction times (RTs) in an own body transformation task, but not the control condition, were dependent on the rotation angle. Furthermore, RTs were shorter for the elevated as compared with the normal or lowered perspective. Using high‐density EEG and evoked potential (EP) mapping, we found a bilateral temporoparietal and frontal activation at ≈330–420 ms after stimulus onset that was dependent on the rotation angle, but not on the perspective. This activation was also found in response‐locked EPs. In the time period ≈210–330 ms we found a temporally distinct posterior temporal activation with its duration being dependent on the perspective, but not the rotation angle. Collectively, the present findings suggest that temporoparietal and frontal as well as posterior temporal activations and their timing are crucial neuronal correlates of the bodily self as studied by mental imagery. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA regulates human vitamin D receptor
Authors: Mohri Takuya , Nakajima Miki , Takagi Shingo , Komagata Sayaka , Yokoi Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2009

Most of the biological effects of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) are elicited by the binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates gene expression. Earlier studies reported no correlation between the VDR protein and mRNA levels, suggesting the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. A potential miR‐125b recognition element (MRE125b) was identified in the 3′‐untranslated region of human VDR mRNA. We investigated whether VDR is regulated by miR‐125b. In luciferase assays using a plasmid containing the MRE125b, the antisense oligonucleotide for miR‐125b significantly increased (130% of control) the reporter activity in KGN cells, whereas the precursor for miR‐125b significantly decreased (40% of control) the reporter activity in MCF‐7 cells, suggesting that miR‐125b functionally recognized the MRE125b. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of miR‐125b significantly decreased the endogenous VDR protein level in MCF‐7 cells to 40% of control. 1,25(OH)2D3 drastically induced the CYP24 mRNA level in MCF‐7 cells, but the induction was markedly attenuated by the overexpression of miR‐125b. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in MCF‐7 cells were significantly abolished by the overexpression of miR‐125b. These results suggest that the endogenous VDR level was repressed by miR‐125b. In conclusion, we found that miR‐125b posttranscriptionally regulated human VDR. Since the miR‐125b level is known to be downregulated in cancer, such a decrease may result in the upregulation of VDR in cancer and augmentation of the antitumor effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. © 2009 UICC
A high proportion of bone marrow T cells with regulatory phenotype (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+) in Ewing sarcoma patients is associated with metastatic disease
Authors: Brinkrolf Peter , Landmeier Silke , Altvater Bianca , Chen Christiane , Pscherer Sibylle , Rosemann Annegret , Ranft Andreas , Dirksen Uta , Juergens Heribert , Rossig Claudia
Published: April 2009

Immunosuppressive CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T cells (Treg cells) have been found at increased densities within the tumor microenvironment in many malignancies and interfere with protective antitumor immune responses. Osseous Ewing sarcomas (ESs) are thought to derive from a bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal cell of origin, and microscopic marrow involvement defines a subpopulation of patients at a high risk of relapse. We hypothesized that BM‐resident T cells may contribute to a permissive milieu for immune escape of ESs. Using 6‐color‐flow cytometry, we investigated the pattern of immune cell subset distribution including NK cells, γδ T cells, central and effector memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as T cells with regulatory phenotype (Treg cells) in BM obtained at diagnosis from 45 primary or relapsed ES patients treated within standardized protocols. Although patients at relapse had an inverted CD4:CD8 T‐cell ratio, neither CD8+ effector/memory T‐cell subsets nor Treg cells significantly differed from patients at diagnosis. No significant associations of innate and effector/memory T‐cell subpopulations with known risk factors were found, including age, gender, tumor site, primary metastases and histological tumor response. By contrast, Treg cells were found at significantly higher frequencies in patients with primary metastatic disease compared with localized ESs (5.0 vs. 3.3%, p = 0.01). Thus, increased BM Treg cells in patients with metastasized ES may reflect an immune escape mechanism that contributes to the development of metastatic disease. Immunotherapeutic strategies will have to adequately consider the regulatory milieu within areas of Ewing tumor‐immune interactions. © 2009 UICC
The invasive potential of human melanoma cell lines correlates with their ability to alter fibroblast gene expression in vitro and the stromal microenvironment in vivo
Authors: Li Ling , Dragulev Bojan , Zigrino Paola , Mauch Cornelia , Fox Jay W.
Published: April 2009

The tumor microenvironment is thought to play an important role in invasion and metastasis. Previously, we have shown that signaling from melanoma cells can alter the gene expression profiles of fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. To investigate whether the capacity to signal fibroblasts and alter host gene expression profiles is correlated to the invasive potential of specific human melanoma cell lines, we assayed changes in gene expression of fibroblasts when cocultured with the human melanoma cell lines BLM, MV3, A2058, SK‐mel28 and WM164. Results indicated that the gene expression of key chemokines and cytokines, such as IL‐1B, IL‐8, IL‐6 and CCL2/MCP1, was significantly upregulated in fibroblasts cocultured with the invasive melanoma lines BLM and MV3 compared to fibroblasts cocultured with noninvasive WM164 cells. The results were verified by quantitative RT‐PCR as well as by protein assay and supported by immunohistochemistry of human invasive melanoma. Furthermore, a role for fibroblast‐secreted IL‐1B in the invasion of melanoma was demonstrated in vitro, where siRNA silencing of IL‐1B in melanoma‐stimulated fibroblasts resulted in a diminution of melanoma invasion. Although CCL2/MCP1, a chemoattractant for macrophages, was shown to be upregulated in fibroblasts cocultured with metastatic melanoma cell lines, immunohistochemical analysis of human melanoma also indicated CCL2/MCP1 production associated with the melanoma. In summary, these experiments indicate that the invasiveness of melanoma can partly be correlated to its ability to stimulate host stromal fibroblasts to give rise to the secretion of chemokines that generate a microenvironment that is conductive for melanoma invasion and metastasis. © 2009 UICC
APM2 is a novel mediator of cisplatin resistance in a variety of cancer cell types regardless of p53 or MMR status
Authors: Scott Bradley J. , Qutob Sami , Liu Qing Y. , Ng Cheng E.
Published: April 2009

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutics in the world today. Unfortunately, chemoresistance often develops hindering the effectiveness of the drug. Mismatch‐repair (MMR) and p53 have previously been shown to be important determinants of cisplatin resistance and can contribute to cisplatin resistance clinically. Here, we have used cDNA microarray to identify several genes as up or downregulated in a previously described, cisplatin resistant, clone of the HCT116 cell line (HCT116‐K). On follow‐up, one gene, APM2, was found to promote cisplatin resistance when overexpressed in sensitive HCT116 clones. Furthermore, silencing APM2 in a panel of cell lines encompassing all combinations of p53 status and MMR proficiency (HCT116‐K, HCT116, SW620, MCF7, PC‐3 and OV2008) resulted in sensitization regardless of these 2 factors. In addition, silencing APM2 stably using shRNA also resulted in the sensitization of cells to cisplatin. More importantly, cisplatin inhibited the growth of APM2 silenced tumor xenografts (HCT116‐K or OV2008 cells) significantly better than it inhibited the growth of xenografts carrying nontargeting control shRNAs. These findings represent a novel strategy that could be exploited to overcome cisplatin resistance in patients regardless of p53 status or ability to perform MMR. © 2009 UICC