bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Small Additions of Fe and Heavy Deformation on the Precipitation in an Al–1.1Mg–0.5Cu–0.3Si At. Pct Alloy
Authors: Thronsen Elisabeth , Mørkeseth Hanne , Marioara Calin D. , Minakuchi Kazuhiro , Katsumi Tetsuya , Marthinsen Knut , Matsuda Kenji , Holmestad Randi
Published: July 2022

The effect of 0.03 and 0.08 at. pct Fe additions on the formation of secondary phases in an Al–1.1Mg–0.5Cu–0.3Si at. pct alloy was investigated. Following solution heat treatment and natural aging, the alloys were analyzed in an undeformed, artificially aged condition and in a two-step deformed condition consisting of 80 pct deformation, artificial aging, 50 pct deformation and a final, short artificial aging. Using electron microscopy, it was found that both alloys contained similar amounts of primary Mg2Si particles, while the higher Fe level alloy produced roughly twice the number density and volume fraction of primary bcc α-AlFeSi particles. Lower volume fractions of hardening precipitates were measured in the high Fe level alloy, as attributed to the lower amount of Si available for precipitation. Using atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, a mix of L phases and structural elements of GPB zones was found in the undeformed conditions. In the deformed conditions, scanning precession electron diffraction revealed that the precipitates were nucleated both on and between deformation induced defects. The addition of Fe affected the relative ratio of these precipitates. Hardness measurements of conditions combining deformation and artificial aging were performed to investigate the hardening mechanisms at each processing step.

Graphical Abstract
Boltzmann transformation of radial two-phase black oil model for tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Prempeh Kofi Ohemeng Kyei , Parker-Lamptey George , Martin Henry , Amoako-Yirenkyi Peter
Published: July 2022

Tight oil accumulates in impermeable reservoir rocks, often shale or tight sandstones. The flow behaviour of tight oil in unconventional reservoirs is described by peculiar complexities such as the typical low permeability to viscosity ratio and the dissolution of some gases in the oil phase. Reservoir simulations that consider these complexities negligible stand the potential of poorly characterizing the reservoir flow dynamics. The adoption of similarity transformation effectively reduces the complexities associated with the flow equations through spatial variable (r) and temporal variable (t). The Boltzmann variable $$\left(\xi =\dfrac{r}{\sqrt{t}}\right)$$

ξ
=

r

t

is introduced to facilitate the reformulation of transient two-phase flow phenomenon in a radial geometry. The technique converts the two-phase Black oil model (thus highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs)) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ODEs present a reduced form on the flow model which is solved by finite difference approximations (the Implicit-Pressure-Explicit-Saturation (IMPES)) scheme. No loss of vital flow characteristics was observed between the Black oil model and the similarity transform flow model. Furthermore, the similarity approach facilitated the determination of pressure and saturation equations as unique functions of the Boltzmann variable. This derivation is applied to an infinitely acting reservoir where the Boltzmann variable tends to infinity ($$\xi \rightarrow \infty$$

ξ
→
∞

). Finally, this case study’s analytical solution formulated critical relations for fluid flow rate and cumulative production, which are useful for single-phase flow analysis.
Dynamic, thermal, and vibrational analysis of ball bearings with over-skidding behavior
Authors: Gao Shuai , Han Qinkai , Pennacchi Paolo , Chatterton Steven , Chu Fulei
Published: July 2022

The term “over-skidding” indicates that the cage rotational speed ratio exceeds the theoretical value as ball purely rolls on the raceway. Different from the skidding phenomenon that occurs in low-load and high-speed bearing, over-skidding usually occurs in large-size angular contact bearings, and it is still difficult to suppress under high load conditions. The main forms of damage to the raceway by over-skidding are spinning and gyro slip. To further explore the vibration characteristics and thermal effects of this phenomenon, a set of over-skidding tests of an angular contact bearing with a bore diameter of 220 mm were conducted on an industrial-size test bench. Through the experiment, the influence of axial load, rotational speed, and lubrication conditions on the occurrence of over-skidding were determined. Based on a previous dynamics model, the heat generation and thermal network models were integrated in the present study to predict the over-skidding and its thermal behavior. The model was validated in terms of the measured degree of over-skidding and temperature rise. The results showed that the degree of over-skidding reaches up to 12% of the theoretical value, and the friction power loss of the ball-pocket accounts for 30% of the total power loss. The analysis of the vibration signal showed a strong correlation between the bearing vibration characteristics and over-skidding behavior, thereby providing a way to indirectly measure the degree of over-skidding.
Emergency Powers, Constitutional (Self-)Restraint and Judicial Politics: the Turkish Constitutional Court During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Turkut Emre
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC)’s treatment of legal challenges brought against Turkey’s legal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a detailed examination of the TCC’s institutional features, political origins and jurisprudential trajectory, and taking three politically salient judgments of the TCC concerning Turkey’s executive-dominated pandemic control as the point of departure, the paper argues that the TCC chose to exercise judicial restraint both in protecting fundamental rights and reviewing pandemic policies of the executive. It also argues that the TCC’s judicial restraint during the pandemic was simply the re-manifestation of its ‘play-it-safe’ strategy — a judicial stance the TCC willingly adopted in the aftermath of the 2016 attempted coup despite possessing strong constitutional powers of judicial review, and its established attitude of assertive scrutiny in the past. From a more theoretical perspective, the analysis also explores how the passive role to which the TCC is consigned in an increasingly authoritarian regime since the 2016 failed coup relates to the global phenomenon of judicialization of authoritarian politics.
Existence and non-existence of solutions to the coboundary equation for measure-preserving systems
Authors: ADAMS TERRY , ROSENBLATT JOSEPH
Published: July 2022

A fundamental question in the field of cohomology of dynamical systems is to determine when there are solutions to the coboundary equation:

$$ \begin{align*} f = g - g \circ T. \end{align*} $$

In many cases, T is given to be an ergodic invertible measure-preserving transformation on a standard probability space
$(X, {\mathcal B}, \mu )$
and is contained in
$L^p$
for
$p \geq 0$
. We extend previous results by showing for any measurable f that is non-zero on a set of positive measure, the class of measure-preserving T with a measurable solution g is meager (including the case where
$\int _X f\,d\mu = 0$
). From this fact, a natural question arises: given f, does there always exist a solution pair T and g? In regards to this question, our main results are as follows. Given measurable f, there exist an ergodic invertible measure-preserving transformation T and measurable function g such that
$f(x) = g(x) - g(Tx)$
for almost every (a.e.)
$x\in X$
, if and only if
$\int _{f> 0} f\,d\mu = - \int _{f < 0} f\,d\mu $
(whether finite or
$\infty $
). Given mean-zero
$f \in L^p(\mu )$
for
$p \geq 1$
, there exist an ergodic invertible measure-preserving T and
$g \in L^{p-1}(\mu )$
such that
$f(x) = g(x) - g( Tx )$
for a.e.
$x \in X$
. In some sense, the previous existence result is the best possible. For
$p \geq 1$
, there exists a dense
$G_{\delta }$
set of mean-zero
$f \in L^p(\mu )$
such that for any ergodic invertible measure-preserving T and any measurable g such that
$f(x) = g(x) - g(Tx)$
almost everywhere, then
$g \notin L^q(\mu )$
for
$q> p - 1$
. Finally, it is shown that we cannot expect finite moments for solutions g, when
$f \in L^1(\mu )$
. In particular, given any such that
$\lim _{x\to \infty } \phi (x) = \infty $
, there exist mean-zero
$f \in L^1(\mu )$
such that for any solutions T and g, the transfer function g satisfies:
$$ \begin{align*} \int_{X} \phi ( | g(x) | )\,d\mu = \infty. \end{align*} $$
Joint reconstruction and segmentation of noisy velocity images as an inverse Navier–Stokes problem
Authors: Kontogiannis Alexandros , Elgersma Scott V. , Sederman Andrew J. , Juniper Matthew P.
Published: July 2022

We formulate and solve a generalized inverse Navier–Stokes problem for the joint velocity field reconstruction and boundary segmentation of noisy flow velocity images. To regularize the problem, we use a Bayesian framework with Gaussian random fields. This allows us to estimate the uncertainties of the unknowns by approximating their posterior covariance with a quasi-Newton method. We first test the method for synthetic noisy images of two-dimensional (2-D) flows and observe that the method successfully reconstructs and segments the noisy synthetic images with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of three. Then we conduct a magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) experiment to acquire images of an axisymmetric flow for low (

${\simeq }6$

) and high (

${>}30$

) SNRs. We show that the method is capable of reconstructing and segmenting the low SNR images, producing noiseless velocity fields and a smooth segmentation, with negligible errors compared with the high SNR images. This amounts to a reduction of the total scanning time by a factor of 27. At the same time, the method provides additional knowledge about the physics of the flow (e.g. pressure) and addresses the shortcomings of MRV (i.e. low spatial resolution and partial volume effects) that otherwise hinder the accurate estimation of wall shear stresses. Although the implementation of the method is restricted to 2-D steady planar and axisymmetric flows, the formulation applies immediately to three-dimensional (3-D) steady flows and naturally extends to 3-D periodic and unsteady flows.
Rethinking the School of Salamanca - Reviewed: The School of Salamanca: A Case of Global Knowledge Production. Edited by Thomas Duve, José Luis Egío, and Christiane Birr. Leiden: Brill, 2021. Pp. 430. $172.00 (cloth); Open Access (digital). ISBN: 9789004449732. - ¿Qué es la Escuela de Salamanca? [What is the School of Salamanca?] Edited by Simona Langella and Rafael Ramis-Barceló. Madrid, Porto: Sindéresis, 2021. Pp. 402. €30.00 (paper). ISBN: 9788418206610. - A Companion to the Spanish Scholastics. Edited by Harald E. Braun, Erik De Bom, and Paolo Astorri. Leiden: Brill, 2022. Pp. 628. $275.00 (cloth); $283.00 (digital). ISBN: 9789004294417. - Infidels and Empires in a New World Order: Early Modern Spanish Contributions to International Legal Thought. By David M. Lantigua. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 370. $110.00 (cloth); $39.99 (paper); $32.00 (digital). ISBN: 9781108498265.
Authors: Domingo Rafael
Published: July 2022

The history and influence of the School of Salamanca is attracting the attention of researchers from very different branches of knowledge and from a very wide variety of countries around the world. Broaching this subject invites one to reflect on both the unity of knowledge and the important role that theology plays in a secularized world. In this short essay, I discuss four recently published works that show the global scope of interest in Spanish Scholasticism in general and the School of Salamanca in particular. The first, The School of Salamanca: A Case of Global Knowledge, was edited by Thomas Duve, Jose Luis Egío, and Christiane Birr in coordination of the Max Planck Institute (2021). The second work, ¿Qué es la Escuela de Salamanca?, was edited by Simona Langella and Rafael Ramis-Barceló (2021). The third work is a recent thematic compendium on Spanish Scholasticism edited by Harald E. Braun, Erik De Bom, and Paolo Astorri (2022). Finally, I discuss David Lantigua’s monograph, Infidels and Empires in a New World Order: Early Modern Spanish Contributions to International Legal Thought (2020).
Glacier mass change on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Fukumoto Shungo , Sugiyama Shin , Hata Shuntaro , Saito Jun , Shiraiwa Takayuki , Mitsudera Humio
Published: July 2022

On the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, 405 glaciers with an estimated total mass of 49 Gt were reported in the 1970s. These have been retreating at an accelerated rate since the start of the 21st century. Because glacier studies in this region are scarce, ice loss and its influence on sea level rise and regional environments is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed satellite data to quantify glacier mass change from 2000 to 2016 in six major glacier-covered regions on the peninsula. The mean rate of the glacier mass change over the study period was −0.46 ± 0.01 m w.e. a−1(total mass change was −4.9 ± 0.1 Gt, −304.2 ± 9.1 Mt a−1), which is slightly lower than other regions in mid-latitude and subarctic zones. The mass loss accelerated from >−0.33 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1in the period 2000–2006/2010 to <−1.65 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1in 2006/2010–2015/16. The increase in mass loss is attributed to a rise in average decadal summer temperatures observed in the region (+0.68°C from 1987–99 to 2000–13). Moreover, a recent trend in Pacific decadal oscillation suggests future acceleration of mass loss due to a decline in winter precipitation.
Patron-Client Relations in the Post-Soviet Area in the 21st Century—The Case Study of Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Authors: Miarka Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze Armenia’s limited capacity to function as a patron of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR). In the article, the author focused on the analysis of 3 levels of relations on the line Yerevan-Stepanakert: (1) the political dimension of bilateral relations; (2) the economic dimension of bilateral relations; (3) the security policy dimension, in particular the significance of the last phase of the armed conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020) for the further shape of relations. In addition, the features that distinguish Armenia’s relations with the NKR from Russia’s relations with the de facto states for which it is a patron are highlighted. The results prove that mid-level states have a limited capacity to be a patron for de facto states, including being a guarantor of their survival.
Association of daily nutrient intake with breakfast and snack consumption among young Japanese adults aged 20–39 years: data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Matsumoto Mai , Okada Emiko , Tajima Ryoko , Fujiwara Aya , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: July 2022

Eating frequency has been associated with nutrient intake and diet quality. The aim of this study was to examine the association between daily nutrient and food group intake and consumption of breakfast and/or snacks among young Japanese adults, as secondary analysis of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan involved 1420 men and 1659 women aged 20–39 years. Dietary intake data were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. Participants were classified into four groups based their breakfast and snack consumption, defined as the consumption of any food or beverage that contained energy based on participant-defined eating occasions; both breakfast and snack consumption (B+S+), breakfast consumption without snacking (B+S–), breakfast skipping and snack consumption (B–S+) and breakfast skipping without snacking (B–S–). The proportion of breakfast skippers among men and women was 11·8 % and 6·6 %, whereas that of snack consumers among men and women was 55·3 % and 68·2 %, respectively. Energy, Mg potassium (in both sexes), vitamin B2, Ca, (only men) and folate and dietary fibre (only women) intakes were higher among breakfast and snack consumers than in the B+S– group. The nutrient intake level of the B+S– group was similar to that of the B–S+ group, whereas the B–S– group had lower energy (both sexes), Cu, dietary fibre and potassium (only women) intakes than the B+S– group. Snack consumption could supplement nutrients that may not be adequately consumed by three meals among young Japanese adults.
Beyond the “War on Terror”: Mobilities and Regimes of Inequality; An Epistemological and Ethical Reflection
Authors: Martin Lucile
Published: July 2022

At the intersection of multipolar, multi-scalar sites of mutual exchange and tension, Afghanistan and Iraq conjure imaginaries of shadowy and risky geographies wired up to dispersed terrorist cells around the globe. These spaces constitute the sites where the “civilizing process” of the “War on Terror” takes place, “laboratories of globalization” where global hegemonic neoliberal projects of free market democratization and development get stranded. At the same time, they are spaces where global interconnections are accelerated, and where multiple mobilities, often contingent upon expectations about the successes and failures of reconstruction, are interwoven, producing networks that extend well beyond national borders.
France, the IUCN and wildlife conservation in Cambodia: From colonial to global conservationism
Authors: Guérin Mathieu
Published: July 2022

The history of wildlife conservation in Cambodia in the twentieth century reveals the tensions that existed between the Khmer kingdom and international nature conservation networks, colonial or global. Wildlife conservation in Cambodia was not a priority for the French colonial administration. It only regulated hunting. While the global conservation movement was expanding via international conferences, local French administrators managed to obstruct the implementation of a conservation policy. After the Second World War, Western scientists and activists sought to establish reserves, particularly to protect a new species of wild cattle, the kouprey. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), through the notable efforts of Harold Coolidge, succeeded in convincing Prince Sihanouk to adopt such a policy in the 1960s. However, although 12 per cent of the kingdom's land was protected, funding and means for conservation remained largely inadequate. The war put an end to all conservation programmes. The IUCN renewed its efforts in the 1980s successfully establishing a network of protected areas in Cambodia in 1993. The various twentieth-century Cambodian wildlife conservation policies, which all imposed external models, often without prior adequate field studies or involvement of local populations, have failed to prevent emblematic species from disappearing.
EIGHT LISTENING SKETCHES AND AN INTERVIEW WITH JOAN LA BARBARA
Authors: Gutkin David
Published: July 2022

Eight ‘listening sketches’ form the basis of an interview with experimental vocalist and composer Joan La Barbara. The conversation, a retrospective of La Barbara's compositions, is divided into four sections: Early experiments; Multi-track works; Words; New and recent works – pandemic times.
EKPHRASTIC VOICE: ON JOAN LA BARBARA'S SOUND PAINTINGS
Authors: Dohoney Ryan
Published: July 2022

A considerable portion of Joan La Barbara's compositional work has been concentrated in her ‘sound paintings’ – works that translate into sound the visual and energetic sensation La Barbara experiences when encountering art. Many of these works are ‘ekphrastic’ – that is, they render aurally a pre-existing work. In this article, I analyse three such sound paintings: Klee Alee (based on Paul Klee's Hauptweg und Nebenwege), Rothko (based on Mark Rothko's Chapel paintings), and In solitude this fear is lived (inspired by the early work of Agnes Martin). I argue that these works extend the mimetic impulse of her vocal practice and use translational semiosis to produce their ekphrastic effects.
The Origins of the Swedish Wage Bargaining Model
Authors: Bengtsson Erik
Published: July 2022

This paper revisits the development of the canonical Swedish wage bargaining model, from the 1930s to the 1950s. The question at the core of the debate is: how did Sweden achieve “good” wage bargaining institutions -- good, in the sense of facilitating investment, employment, and controlled inflation? The conventional account focuses on the actions of employers and trade unions in export industry, and a cross-class alliance between the two. This paper questions this account. The paper builds on archival sources in the Swedish Labour Movement's Archives and Library in Stockholm: the minutes from the main trade union confederation's yearly wage policy discussions, in preparation for bargaining rounds. In total, some 1,500 pages of wage policy discussion. I find that the export sector cross-class alliance played a very small role, and that macro-corporatist concerns, that the labour movement had to take responsibility of all of society and pursue a planned wage policy, was much more important. This has theoretical implications for the analysis of wage bargaining institutions in general and the Swedish model in particular.
Relative validity of a short screener to assess diet quality in patients with severe obesity before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Heusschen Laura , Berendsen Agnes AM , Balvers Michiel GJ , Deden Laura N , de Vries Jeanne HM , Hazebroek Eric J
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To determine the relative validity and reproducibility of the Eetscore FFQ, a short screener for assessing diet quality, in patients with (severe) obesity before and after bariatric surgery (BS).

Design:

The Eetscore FFQ was evaluated against 3-d food records (3d-FR) before (T0) and 6 months after BS (T6) by comparing index scores of the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015 (DHD2015-index). Relative validity was assessed using paired t tests, Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficients (τb), cross-classification by tertiles, weighted kappa values (kw) and Bland–Altman plots. Reproducibility of the Eetscore FFQ was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Setting:

Regional hospital, the Netherlands.

Participants:

Hundred and forty participants with obesity who were scheduled for BS.

Results:

At T0, mean total DHD2015-index score derived from the Eetscore FFQ was 10·2 points higher than the food record-derived score (P < 0·001) and showed an acceptable correlation (τb = 0·42, 95 % CI: 0·27, 0·55). There was a fair agreement with a correct classification of 50 % (kw = 0·37, 95 % CI: 0·25, 0·49). Correlation coefficients of the individual DHD components varied from 0·01–0·54. Similar results were observed at T6 (τb = 0·31, 95 % CI: 0·12, 0·48, correct classification of 43·7 %; kw = 0·25, 95 % CI: 0·11, 0·40). Reproducibility of the Eetscore FFQ was good (ICC = 0·78, 95 % CI: 0·69, 0·84).

Conclusion:

The Eetscore FFQ showed to be acceptably correlated with the DHD2015-index derived from 3d-FR, but absolute agreement was poor. Considering the need for dietary assessment methods that reduce the burden for patients, practitioners and researchers, the Eetscore FFQ can be used for ranking according to diet quality and for monitoring changes over time.
Trauma and Attachment in Older Patients with Common Mental Disorders
Authors: Peters Meinolf
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The question of the consequences of earlier traumatic experiences in older age cannot be limited to a symptomatic level but should also include additional psychological functions. Of particular interest here is attachment orientation. The present study investigates the question of the connection between potentially traumatic events experienced in the course of life and attachment orientations in old age in a sample of patients of a psychosomatic clinic ( N = 150). The results show that such events are associated with reduced attachment security in older adulthood. However, I could not confirm that this connection becomes more vital in old age. Nevertheless, the results also have a high clinical significance. Finally, I discuss the therapeutic consequences.
Statistical Study of EMIC Wave Propagation Using Space‐Ground Conjugate Observations
Authors: Noh Sung‐Jun , Kim Hyomin , Lessard Marc , Engebretson Mark , Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Kim Eun‐Hwa , Johnson Jay , Kuzichev Ilya , Salzano Michelle
Published: July 2022

In the present study, we explore the observational characteristics of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) wave propagation from the source region to the ground. We use magnetometers aboard Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) 13, the geosynchronous orbit satellite at 75°W, and at Sanikiluaq ground station (SNK, 79.14°W and 56.32°N in geographic coordinates, and L ∼ 6.0 in a dipole magnetic field) which is located in northern Canada. Using these magnetically conjugate observatories, simultaneous EMIC wave observations are carried out. We found a total of 295 coincident and 248 non‐coincident EMIC wave events between GOES 13 and the SNK station. Our statistical analysis reveals that the coincident events are predominantly observed on the dayside. The wave normal angles are slightly higher for the non‐coincident events than for coincident events. However, the coincidence of the waves is mostly governed by the intensity and duration of the wave. This is confirmed by the geomagnetic environment which shows higher auroral electrojet (AE) and Kp indices for the coincident events. We also found that some events show high‐frequency (f > 0.4 Hz) wave filtering. The statistics of the high‐frequency filtered and non‐filtered wave events show that there are clear magnetic local time (MLT) and F10.7 index differences between the two groups, as well as in ionospheric electron density measurements. In addition, we also found differences in the wave properties which possibly indicate that the propagation in the magnetosphere also plays an important role in the wave filtering.
5G to 6G: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Channel Modeling
Authors: Salous S. , Haneda K. , Degli‐Esposti V.
Published: July 2022

Since the publication of the special collection on Radio Channel Modeling for 5G Millimeter Wave Communications in the Built Environments new frequency bands, new antennas and new transmission techniques are being proposed to cope with the demanding requirements of beyond‐5G systems. In this commentary, we provide an overview of the new technology and on how it will impact on radiowave propagation characteristics, and the way radio channel models will be developed and used in the future.
Articaine: dental practitioner use, basis of perception and evidence-based dentistry—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Martin Erica , Lee Andrew , Jennings Ernest
Published: July 2022

Background

Limited data exist on dental practitioner use and perceptions of articaine. This study is a cross-sectional survey of dental practitioners from January, 2021 to ascertain the extent of their use of the dental local anaesthetic, articaine, the basis of their perceptions about articaine and whether current practices are in line with recent evidence regarding articaine safety and efficacy.

Method

An anonymous survey was designed using the SAP Qualtrics Core XM software platform and a survey link was disseminated from December 2020 to January 2021 via social media. The survey was designed as a five minute, anonymous, online questionnaire including a plain language information sheet, request for participant consent and 14 questions. Data were entered onto a Microsoft™ Excel spreadsheet and analysed qualitatively, isolating the answers into recurrent themes.

Results

Sixty percent of the surveyed dental practitioner used articaine as their preferred dental anaesthetic. Twenty-three percent of the dental practitioner surveyed used articaine for all of their dental procedures including inferior alveolar nerve blocks, while 40% of respondents used articaine for all their dental procedures except inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The predominant basis of dental practitioner uses and perception of articaine were their countries dental guidelines.

Conclusion

Despite the latest findings that articaine is as safe and more efficacious as lidocaine for all routine dental treatment, 40% of survey respondents avoided articaine use for inferior alveolar blocks. Our study recognises a discrepancy between reported clinical practice and current research evidence. Further research and clarifications are needed to achieve ubiquitous practice of evidence-based dentistry.
Bacillus cereus cytotoxin K triggers gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Sun Li
Published: July 2022

Bacillus cereus is well known as a causative agent of foodborne gastrointestinal diseases and systemic non-gastrointestinal diseases. We have recently identified a pathogenic B. cereus (named H2) from a deep-sea cold-seep. H2 possesses the pyroptosis-inducing capacity and contains a number of enterotoxins including cytotoxin K (CytK). In the present work, we examined the cytotoxicity of the CytK of H2 to human macrophages. CytK bound macrophages by interaction with the plasma membrane and caused cellular structure damage. CytK−cell interaction triggered rapid pyroptosis mediated by caspase 1-activated gasdermin D (GSDMD). CytK-induced pyroptosis required NLRP3 inflammasome activation, K+ efflux, and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. CytK exhibited apparent binding to several cytomembrane lipids, in particular phosphatidic acid, which proved to be essential to CytK-elicited cell death. Together, these results add new insights into the cytotoxic mechanism of CytK.
Atomistic weak interaction criterion for the specificity of liquid metal embrittlement
Authors: Yamaguchi Masatake , Tsuru Tomohito , Itakura Mitsuhiro , Abe Eiji
Published: July 2022

Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) occurs in some solid–liquid metal elements’ couples (e.g., Fe-Zn and Al-Ga), called specificity. Although some material parameters like solubility and bonding energy were suggested as controlling factors, none could be attributed satisfactorily. Here we have unveiled the primary factor that governs the specificity of LME. From first-principles calculations compared with a systematic surveillance test result, we found that the grain-boundary (GB) adsorption energy shows near-zero values in all embrittling couples; the interaction between solid and liquid metal atoms is weak when an atom from the liquid state penetrates the grain boundary of the solid. Furthermore, we found that the calculated surface adsorption energy that promotes bond-breaking does not correlate to the specificity. Therefore, we consider that the penetration of a liquid metal atom surrounded by weakly interacting solid metal atoms is necessary before the bond-breaking assisted by surface adsorption occurs at a microcrack tip. This mechanism is also applicable for transgranular cracking along low-energy boundaries and crystal planes. While liquid metal atoms penetrate and diffuse into solid GB macroscopically before cracking, liquid metal’s surface adsorption stronger than GB adsorption should promote the bond-breaking of solid metal. In conclusion, the atomistic penetration precedes the surface-adsorption-assisted bond-breaking and controls the specificity of LME.
Strain engineering of electronic properties and anomalous valley hall conductivity of transition metal dichalcogenide nanoribbons
Authors: Shayeganfar Farzaneh
Published: July 2022

Strain engineering is a powerful technique for tuning electronic properties and valley degree of freedom in honeycomb structure of two-dimensional crystals. Carriers in + k and − k (opposite Berry curvature) in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with broken inversion symmetry act as effective magnetic fields, where this polarized valleys are suitable for encoding information. In this work, we study the strained TMD nanoribbons by Slater-Koster tight-binding model, which acquires electronic bands in whole Brillouin zone. From this, we derive a generic profile of strain effect on the electronic band structure of TMD nanoribbons, which shows indirect band gap, and also exhibits a phase transition from semiconductor to metallic by applying uniaxial X-tensile and Y-arc type of strain. Midgap states in strained TMD nanoribbons are determined by calculation of localized density of electron states. Moreover, our findings of anomalous valley Hall conductivity reveal that the creation of pseudogauge fields using strained TMD nanoribbons affect the Dirac electrons, which generate the new quantized Landau level. Furthermore, we demonstrate in strained TMD nanoribbons that strain field can effectively tune both the magnitude and sign of valley Hall conductivity. Our work elucidates the valley Hall transport in strained TMDs due to pseudo-electric and pseudo-magnetic filed will be applicable as information carries for future electronics and valleytronics.
Development and Delphi validation of instrument for the preparation of a GMP audit of a cosmetic contract manufacturer in the UAE
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , El-Dahiyat Faris , Bisgwa Justyna , Jamshed Shazia , Shourrab Hanady Yousef
Published: July 2022

Outsourcing is rapidly increasing in the cosmetic industry. When cosmetic manufacturing activities are outsourced, product quality control and assurance procedures are important to guarantee the safety of the final products. One method to ensure the compliance of potential contract manufacturers with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) is auditing. Auditing can be confirmed by using GMP questionnaires. The current study aims to develop an effective instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, and to validate its content using the Delphi method. A modified Delphi method used an expert panel to develop a questionnaire-based audit preparation instrument. In the Delphi questionnaire round, 50 experts from cosmeceutical industries, relevant authorities, and universities assessed the content validity of the audit preparation instrument. The Delphi questionnaire round targeted 70 experts from the cosmetics industry; 50 completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 71.4%. Their agreement level on the quality of the instrument items ranged between 56 and 96%. Of the 52 items, 47 (90.4%) met the predefined criterion for an agreement rate of at least 75%. The proposed audit preparation instrument demonstrated good content validity, and the expert panel participating in the Delphi questionnaire round made a few minor suggestions for modifications. The modified Delphi method used for the content validation of the instrument proved to be suitable. However, based on the panel’s feedback, additional research is needed to ensure the maximum applicability and practicality of the instrument.
Discriminating protein tags on a dsDNA construct using a Dual Nanopore Device
Authors: Seth Swarnadeep , Rand Arthur , Reisner Walter , Dunbar William B. , Sladek Robert , Bhattacharya Aniket
Published: July 2022

We report Brownian dynamics simulation results with the specific goal to identify key parameters controlling the experimentally measurable characteristics of protein tags on a dsDNA construct translocating through a double nanopore setup. First, we validate the simulation scheme in silico by reproducing and explaining the physical origin of the asymmetric experimental dwell time distributions of the oligonucleotide flap markers on a 48 kbp long dsDNA at the left and the right pore. We study the effect of the electric field inside and beyond the pores, critical to discriminate the protein tags based on their effective charges and masses revealed through a generic power-law dependence of the average dwell time at each pore. The simulation protocols monitor piecewise dynamics at a sub-nanometer length scale and explain the disparate velocity using the concepts of nonequilibrium tension propagation theory. We further justify the model and the chosen simulation parameters by calculating the Péclet number which is in close agreement with the experiment. We demonstrate that our carefully chosen simulation strategies can serve as a powerful tool to discriminate different types of neutral and charged tags of different origins on a dsDNA construct in terms of their physical characteristics and can provide insights to increase both the efficiency and accuracy of an experimental dual-nanopore setup.
Effects of chronic cannabidiol in a mouse model of naturally occurring neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures
Authors: Dearborn Joshua T. , Nelvagal Hemanth R. , Rensing Nicholas R. , Takahashi Keigo , Hughes Stephanie M. , Wishart Thomas M. , Cooper Jonathan D. , Wong Michael , Sands Mark S.
Published: July 2022

Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained attention as a therapeutic agent and is purported to have immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anti-seizure effects. Here, we determined the effects of chronic CBD administration in a mouse model of CLN1 disease (Cln1−/−) that simultaneously exhibits neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures. Proteomic analysis showed that putative CBD receptors are expressed at similar levels in the brains of Cln1−/− mice compared to normal animals. Cln1−/− mice received an oral dose (100 mg/kg/day) of CBD for six months and were evaluated for changes in pathological markers of disease and seizures. Chronic cannabidiol administration was well-tolerated, high levels of CBD were detected in the brain, and markers of astrocytosis and microgliosis were reduced. However, CBD had no apparent effect on seizure frequency or neuron survival. These data are consistent with CBD having immunomodulatory effects. It is possible that a higher dose of CBD could also reduce neurodegeneration and seizure frequency.
Molecular characteristics and stable carbon isotope compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in wintertime aerosols of Northwest China
Authors: Qi Weining , Wang Gehui , Dai Wenting , Liu Suixin , Zhang Ting , Wu Can , Li Jin , Shen Minxia , Guo Xiao , Meng Jingjing , Li Jianjun
Published: July 2022

Dicarboxylic acids are one of the important water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols, causing adverse effects to both climate and human health. More attention has therefore been paid to organic acids in aerosols. In this study, the molecular distribution and diurnal variations of wintertime dicarboxylic acids in a rural site of Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China, were explored. Oxalic acid (C2, day: 438.9 ± 346.8 ng m−3, night: 398.8 ± 392.3 ng m−3) is the most abundant compound followed by methylglyoxal (mGly, day: 207.8 ± 281.1 ng m−3, night: 222.9 ± 231.0 ng m−3) and azelaic (C9, day: 212.8 ± 269.1 ng m−3, night: 211.4 ± 136.7 ng m−3) acid. The ratios of C9/C6 and C9/Ph indicating that atmospheric dicarboxylic acids in winter in the region mainly come from biomass burning. Furthermore, secondary inorganic ions (NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+), relative humidity, liquid water content, and in-situ pH of aerosols are highly linearly correlated with C2, suggesting that liquid phase oxidation is an important pathway for the formation of dicarboxylic acids. The δ13C analysis of C2 suggested that lighter carbon isotope compositions tend to be oxidized to form aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosols (aqSOA), leading to the decay of 13C in aqSOA products rather than aerosol aging. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of formation of dicarboxylic acid.
Heterogeneous adaptive behavioral responses may increase epidemic burden
Authors: Espinoza Baltazar , Swarup Samarth , Barrett Christopher L. , Marathe Madhav
Published: July 2022

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) constitute the front-line responses against epidemics. Yet, the interdependence of control measures and individual microeconomics, beliefs, perceptions and health incentives, is not well understood. Epidemics constitute complex adaptive systems where individual behavioral decisions drive and are driven by, among other things, the risk of infection. To study the impact of heterogeneous behavioral responses on the epidemic burden, we formulate a two risk-groups mathematical model that incorporates individual behavioral decisions driven by risk perceptions. Our results show a trade-off between the efforts to avoid infection by the risk-evader population, and the proportion of risk-taker individuals with relaxed infection risk perceptions. We show that, in a structured population, privately computed optimal behavioral responses may lead to an increase in the final size of the epidemic, when compared to the homogeneous behavior scenario. Moreover, we find that uncertain information on the individuals’ true health state may lead to worse epidemic outcomes, ultimately depending on the population’s risk-group composition. Finally, we find there is a set of specific optimal planning horizons minimizing the final epidemic size, which depend on the population structure.
Calculation of horizontal displacement of loess fill slope supported by frame prestressed anchors based on minimum potential energy method
Authors: Zhao Zhuangfu , Zhu Yanpeng , Ye Shuaihua
Published: July 2022

Combined with the deformation characteristics of flexible retaining structure, the horizontal displacement calculation method of loess fill slope supported by frame prestressed anchors is proposed. Based on the minimum potential energy method, the analytical solution of horizontal displacement of slope under self-weight and additional load is derived, and the influence of soil parameters and supporting structure parameters on displacement is analyzed. The proposed calculation method is applied to a practical engineering and compared with the numerical simulation, which shows that the method is reasonable and reliable. The minimum potential energy method is clear in concept and simple in solving the horizontal displacement of loess fill slope supported by frame prestressed anchors. The calculation method proposed in this paper can be applied to the structural optimization design of loess fill slope supported by frame prestressed anchors, and further enrich the displacement calculation theory of slope supported by flexible retaining structure.
Verifying the relationships of defect site and enhanced photocatalytic properties of modified ZrO2 nanoparticles evaluated by in-situ spectroscopy and STEM-EELS
Authors: Kim Hyun Sung , Kim Ye-Jin , Son Ye Rim , Pham Vy Ngoc , Kim Ki-jeong , Kim Chang Woo , Youn Young-Sang , Kwon Oh-Hoon , Lee Hangil
Published: July 2022

Base treatment and metal doping were evaluated as means of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) via the generation of oxygen vacancies (OvS), and the sites responsible for this enhancement were identified and characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. We confirmed that OvS produced by base treatment engaged in photocatalytic activity for organic pollutant degradation, whereas surface defects introduced by Cr-ion doping engaged in oxidative catalysis of molecules. Moreover, we verified that base-treated ZrO2 NPs outperformed their Cr-ion doped counterparts as photocatalysts using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS). Thus, our study provides valuable information on the origin of the enhanced photocatalytic activity of modified ZrO2 NPs and demonstrates the practicality of in situ spectroscopy and STEM-EELS for the evaluation of highly efficient metal oxide photocatalysts.
Beneficial effects of procyanidin B2 on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome mice: the multi-action mechanism for ameliorating glomerular permselectivity injury
Authors: Zhao Chuanping , Tang Jiamei , Li Xiaoya , Yan Zihan , Zhao Liangliang , Lang Wenbo , Yuan Chunmao , Zhou Chengyan
Published: July 2022

Procyanidin B2 exhibits pleiotropic renoprotective effects on NS by targeting various signalling events.
Dissolution kinetics of citrate coated CoFe2O4nanoparticles in soil solution
Authors: Perea-Vélez Yazmin Stefani , González-Chávez Ma. del Carmen A. , Carrillo-González Rogelio , López-Luna Jaime
Published: July 2022

Citrate-coated CoFe2O4nanoparticles release iron fertilizers in artificial root exudates following a Korsmeyer–Peppas dissolution model.
Increase in the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Isatis indigotica through iron nanoparticles supplementation versus carbon nanotubes: a comparative study
Authors: Zhou Pingfan , Long Binbin , Wang Ruisi , Jiang Yaqi , Zhao Weichen , Li Yuanbo , Li Mingshu , Guo Zhiling , Zhang Peng , Rui Yukui , Lynch Iseult
Published: July 2022

The low yield and active ingredient content of medicinal plants is always a challenge.
Theaflavin: a natural candidate to restrain thrombosis
Authors: Zhang Gang , Pan Yani , Cheng Hao , Gong Shuying , Chu Qiang , Chen Ping
Published: July 2022

Many clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of black tea on cardiovascular diseases.
Through-space hopping transport in an iodine-doped perylene-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Valente Gonçalo , Esteve-Rochina María , Paracana Ana , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Ortí Enrique , Calbo Joaquín , Ilkaeva Marina , Mafra Luís , Hernández-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Rocha João , Alves Helena , Souto Manuel
Published: July 2022

We report the electrical conductivity enhancement of a perylene-based MOF upon partial ligand oxidation. The conductivity enhancement is rationalised by quantum-chemical calculations, supporting a through-space hopping transport.
Tuning the electronic communication of the Ru–O bond in ultrafine Ru nanoparticles to boost the alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production activity at large current density
Authors: Feng Weihang , Feng Yongqiang , He Yingrui , Chen Junsheng , Wang Hai , Luo Tianmi , Hu Yuzhu , Yuan Chengke , Cao Liyun , Feng Liangliang , Huang Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

Ru nanoparticles coordinated with O supported on a carbon matrix were synthesized. The electron communication between Ru and O accelerated the charge transfer and thus improved the electrocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Fluorescence analysis for characterizing the alkali stability of metal–organic frameworks: an informative complement to X-ray diffraction
Authors: Yang Shuai-Liang , Li Gen , Liu Xiao-Yan , Zhang Lin , Xu Yan , Gao En-Qing
Published: July 2022

Based on pH-responsive fluorescence associated with alkaline hydrolysis, a fluorometric method is proposed for characterizing the stability of MOFs. It can be used to monitor the whole process from nondestructive local hydrolysis to complete destructive hydrolysis.
A novel, highly sensitive electrochemical 1,4-dioxane sensor based on reduced graphene oxide–curcumin nanocomposite
Authors: Fathima T. K. Sana , Banu A. Arshiya , Devasena T. , Ramaprabhu Sundara
Published: July 2022

Reduced graphene oxide–curcumin (rGO–CM) nanocomposite was prepared from graphite oxide using curcumin. The rGO–CM/GCE was used for highly sensitive 1,4-dioxane detection. The LOD obtained (0.13 μM) was lower than the WHO guideline value.
Insight into biomass feedstock on formation of biochar-bound environmentally persistent free radicals under different pyrolysis temperatures
Authors: Wang Yu , Gu Xinfeng , Huang Yue , Ding Zhuhong , Chen Yijun , Hu Xin
Published: July 2022

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in biochars have the ability of catalytic formation of reactive oxygen species, which may pose potential oxidative stresses to eco-environment and human health.
Correction: The solvation structure, transport properties and reduction behavior of carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Tingzheng , Fong Kara D. , Wang Jingyang , Persson Kristin A.
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘The solvation structure, transport properties and reduction behavior of carbonate-based electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries' by Tingzheng Hou et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 14740–14751, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC04265C.