bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of Terrace Deposits in Fluvial Sequence Stratigraphy
Authors: Hu Guang Ming , Luo Shun She , Chan Marjorie A. , Xiao Hong Ping
Published: May 2013

The terrace deposits in a river valley are key records to the research of fluvial sequence stratigraphy. Terrace deposits and the basal sequence boundary comprise the half-cycle of base level fall, and the fluvial infillings belong to the half-cycle of base level rise. Thus, terrace deposits and the basal sequence boundary are part of the regressive systems tract, and should be separated from the transgressive or lowstand systems tracts in previously published littoral fluvial sequence stratigraphic models. In addition, in the upstream portions of the fluvial system where sea level cannot reach, the fluvial sequence is influenced by tectonism and/or climate. The terrace deposits can provide specific information about the main controlling factor (e.g., tectonism or climate) and its varying pattern during the half-cycle of base level fall. Because the two half-cycles of base level fall and rise are at the same stratigraphic levels and belong to the same base level cycle, it is possible to research the controlling factor and its varying pattern during the rising half-cycle, which will be significant to an inland fluvial sequence stratigraphic model. Finally, the authors assert that seeking isochronous parasequence correlation based on 4-division models (4 different systems tracts), along with the blend of sedimentology and geomorphology and diversification of models based on different controlling factors will collectively produce more robust-interpretations of fluvial sequence stratigraphy in the future.
Seismic Reservoir Prediction in Lengjia-Leijia Area
Authors: Zhou Qi , Ding Wen Long
Published: May 2013

Through the deep exploration in Lengjia-Leijia area, four reservoirs were found: the lower sub-section of the third member of Shahejie formation, the fourth member of Shahejie formation, Mesozoic, and Archean. The fourth member of Shahejie formation and the layer below it had fewer drilling reach; its reservoir stratums are different. Seismic reservoir prediction has become the major means of oil-gas reservoir evaluation. The logging-constrained inversion method was applied in this study. A geologic model was established based on the detailed interpretation of seismic data; then, inversion and prediction were performed to describe and evaluate the distribution, thickness, and physical characteristics of the reservoirs. The results showed that the reservoir in the fourth member of Shahejie formation, Mesozoic, and Archean are well developed, and that oil-gas accumulation is in good condition. Therefore, the deep layer in this area is an important exploration direction. This study also provided the preliminary prediction that a favorable trap area exists.
The Game Analysis of China Energy Security
Authors: Wang Jin Zhou , Wang Xue Ting
Published: May 2013

The game of international energy is the inevitable choice for China’s energy security strategy. By using the basic principles of the game theory, defining the connotation of the energy security game at fist, and then according to the different of the energy activity behavior, proposing the energy activity game relationship between three categories-the energy production countries, energy consumption countries, energy production countries and consumption countries, from which we select the various bodies in the international energy market, such as the United States and Russia, which have obvious conflict with our country to make energy game analysis, to explore the Sino-US energy competition model and the Sino-Russian energy competition model, to clear strategic orientation of Chin’s energy security on the whole, and to find out the right path of China’s energy game.
Numerical Analysis on the External Characteristic of Torque Converter Based on UDF
Authors: Su Hua Shan , Yang Guo Lai , Zhang Li Qiang , Cao Wen Bin
Published: May 2013

Analysis external characteristic of hydraulic torque converter by modeling and numerical simulation on a type of YJ series. Using a leafy row whole runner geometric model and sliding grid method of multiple flow area coupling algorithm to realize real-time transmission of flow parameters between impellers .Getting values of moment of force from pump & turbine in each iteration step through UDF used in model ,then input that to text file. Judging whether the result tends to be stable or not by analysis and calculation changes of the text data. Result shows that the leafy row whole runner geometric model has high accuracy and reliability from comparing data under different conditions with measured moment data.
Current Situation of China's Shale Gas Exploration and Development
Authors: Yu Bao Hua , Yuan Jun Liang
Published: May 2013

Shale gas revolution has hit energy field in recent years. According to the data released by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) at April 2012, China has 14 basins that contain thick, organic-rich shale with excellent potential for shale gas development. The risked in-place shale gas resource reaches up to 144 trillion cubic meters. The technically recoverable shale gas resource is more than 36 trillion cubic meters. In this paper, we contrast the characteristics of Chinas shale gas with that of North America, and introduce the present exploration situation.
Application of Truncated Gaussian Simulation Algorithm in Alluvial Fan Reservoir Architecture Modeling
Authors: Bao Xing , Li Shao Hua , Li Jun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Wei
Published: May 2013

This article counted the distribution regularity and the spread pattern of each tertiary architecture through detailed study of alluvial fan reservoir architecture of the sealing core drilling well in the Karamay group which under the sixth middle area of Karamay oilfield. The tertiary architecture of middle-fan subfacies are: braided channel, sheetfloot microfacies and gritfloot microfacies. Truncated Gaussian simulation algorithm can be used to simulate the middle-fan subfacies of alluvial fan for they have an obvious zone law. Described the distribution regularity and spread pattern of middle-fan subfacies architecture effectively. Figured out the contact relationship among different architectural units preferably. It has a certain reference for other oilfields with the same type reservoir of architecture modeling.
The Disposal of Tailed Peak in the Time Spectrum of Pulsed Neutron Oxygen Activation Logging
Authors: Dong Wu , Guo Hai Min , Qi Xin
Published: May 2013

In the time spectrum of impulse oxygen activation logging, grave tailed peak occurs when the viscosity of polymer is high and the velocity of the flow is not even. The calculation of transit time, flow velocity as well as flow volume depends on the duration of the oxygen activation peak, so the disposal of the grave tailed peak in the time spectrum of impulse oxygen activation logging is critical. And an effective way to deal with tailed peak will improve the calculation accuracy of transit time and flow velocity. In this paper, the problem of tailed peak is studied, then an algorithm combining Logarithmic transformation and Gaussian function, which is used to deal with tailed peaks in the time spectrum of water flow of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging, is proposed. Gaussian function is used to describe tailed peaks in the time spectrum of water flow of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging in the logarithm space. Case analysis shows that the disposal effect of the algorithm is good, effectively eliminating the redundant data of the tailed peak in the flow time spectrum of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging. The algorithm is a practicable method to deal with the tailed peak in the flow time spectrum of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging.
Quality Monitoring System for Seismic While Drilling
Authors: Yu Li Li , Li Yu Hong , Wang Ai Feng
Published: May 2013

In this paper a quality monitoring system for seismic while drilling (SWD) that integrates the whole process of data acquisition was developed. The acquisition equipment, network status and signals of accelerometer and geophone were monitored real-time. With fast signal analysis and quality evaluation, the acquisition parameters and drilling engineering parameters can be adjusted timely. The application of the system can improve the quality of data acquisition and provide subsequent processing and interpretation with high qualified reliable data.
Research and Application of Thermal Insulation and Injection-Production Process Technology in the Shallow and Thin-Bedded Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Dong Jin , Ma Li , Li Jie , Shi Yan Ling
Published: May 2013

In view of Shallow and Thin-Bedded Heavy Oil Reservoirs, it belongs to the forbidden zone which can not be developed by the internationally recognized. To reduce the cost of well drilling and well completion, Φ139.7 mm casing is adopted in well completion. In the early Pilot test, there were many problems in steam injection with blank tubing, low thermal efficiency of steam injection, casing and cement mantle damaged seriously, and even as worse as well abandonment. To solve the problems, the Insulated and Injection-Production integration tubing string was designed by the Y341-115 insulation packer and other supporting tools, which can solve wellbore heat insulation and reverse circulation well cleanup in production. It carried out the function that multicycle steam injection and production can be integrated in one-trip. The large scale application showed that the effect of heat insulation was remarkable, which reduced the production cost, made the shallow and thin-bedded heavy oil reservoirs develop economically and effectively.
The Analysis and Study on Separation of Overlapping Peaks in the Time Spectrum of Oxygen Activation Logging
Authors: Dong Wu
Published: May 2013

In the time spectrum of impulse oxygen activation logging, there will be two peaks which are overlapping when the difference of velocity in oil tubing and casing are very small. Transit time, an important parameter to calculate the velocity of water flow, depends on the foot time of a full peak. So does the computing of velocity and flow volume. Therefore, the separation of the overlapping peak in the time spectrum of impulse oxygen activation logging is the key. A good separation method will increase the precision of flow volume obtained. In this paper, the separation problem of overlapping peak is studied, and an algorithm combining Gaussian function and gray system theory that is used to separate the overlapping peaks in the time spectrum of water flow of pulsed neutron oxygen activation logging is proposed. According to error analysis and rationality test of the case studied, the algorithm shows a high separation precision and its effectiveness in the determination of flow volume, which proves to be a practicable method to separate overlapping peaks in the time spectrum of water flow of oxygen activation logging.
Researches on a Novel Gas Heat Pump with Multi-Stage Transmission Ratios
Authors: Zhao Hai Bo
Published: May 2013

This study reviews current researches on gas heat pumps (GHP) in which the gas engine and the compressor are connected with a single-stage or fixed transmission ratio (engine’s speed/compressor’s speed). A novel concept of gas heat pump with multi-stage transmission ratios is presented in this paper. Compared with conventional GHP with a fixed transmission ratio, the novel GHP renders its engine to operate with a higher efficiency under more heating/cooling operation conditions to enhance the primary energy ratio (PER) further. Advantages from multi-stage transmission ratio connection, such as PER improvement and running speed extension of compressor are theoretically analyzed. Results show that GHP with multi-stage transmission ratios has a higher PER and broader compressor speed range, and in particular, through transmission ratio switch under different load conditions, it is beneficial for engine to run with higher efficiency during a whole-year operation.
Improvement of Surface Figure in the Polyurethane Pad Continuous Polishing Process
Authors: Liao De Feng , Zhao Heng , Yuan Zhi Gang , Xie Rui Qing
Published: May 2013

Primary factors determining surface figure of optics, including the velocity and pressure distributions, have been analyzed and improving methods provided accordingly for the pad continuous polishing (CP). With a septum on the exterior of the workpiece pre-pressing the pad, the inevitable depression on the edge of the workpiece incurred by the elastic response of the pad has been relieved obviously. By introducing the driving wheel system, the rotation speed of the septum & workpiece can be regulated and adjusted to that of the lap/pad, which produces a uniform velocity distribution on the polishing surface. Diamond conditioners with ring & disk patterns are employed to planarize the annular polyurethane pad and hence uniformise the pressure distribution on the workpiece/pad interface. Polishing experiments (Fused silica flat, 320 mm in diameter x 30 mm thick) conducted on the typical CP machine have demonstrated advantages of these methods.
Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Brucellosis
Authors: Huang Yao Jiang , Jin Wei Lin , Yan Qiang , Ma Ai Min
Published: May 2013

Polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of cytokine genes can affect the level of cytokine production, and may be associated with predisposition to infectious diseases. Some reports suggest that the cytokine gene polymorphisms can contribute to the susceptibility to brucellosis. The aim of this review is to find out any probable association of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin gene, transforming growth factor gene, tumor necrosis factor gene and other genes with brucellosis in terms of susceptibility to the disease or occurrence of focal complications. The study of this review finds that the inheritance of the above-mentioned gene polymorphisms and alleles are considered conferring susceptibility to brucellosis, and this review would provide the basis for further research and development about susceptibility to brucellosis.
An Immunonanosilver Surface-Enhnaced Resonance Raman Scattering Method for Determination of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
Authors: Zhang Xin Hui , Li Kun , Hu Le Ning , Liang Ai Hui , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: May 2013

In pH 6.6 Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution and in the presence of KCl, the nanosilver-labeled rabbit anti-hCG (Ag-RAhCG) was aggregated un-specifically to the aggregations. Upon addition of rhodamine 6G (RhG) molecular probe, it adsorb on the surface of Ag-RAhCG aggregations that exhibited the strongest surface-enhnaced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) peak at 613 cm-1. In the optimal condition, the decreased SERRS intensity responds linearly with the concentration of hCG over 0.05-1.75 µg/mL. Based on this, a new and simple SERRS method has been proposed for the determination of hCG in serum samples, with satisfactory results.
Analysis of Environmental Disrupters in a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Cristine Viecelli Nathália , Müller Cardoso Eduardo , Ribeiro Lovatel Eduardo , Filho Nascimento , Do Irajá
Published: May 2013

This study investigated the occurrence of Bisphenol A (BPA), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in the wastewater treatment plant of the University of Caxias do Sul (WWTP-UCS). The wastewater samples from the inflow and outflow points were submitted to Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE). The organic extracts were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). The average concentrations at the outflow points were 3.17, 5.83 and 2.10 µg/mL, for BPA, DBP and DEHP, respectively. These high target compound contents at the outflow point may be due to the low removal of suspended solids from the raw samples.
State Feedback Control May Change the Dynamic Behavior of the Biochemical Process - Mathematical Model and Analysis
Authors: Yuan Tian
Published: May 2013

According to the economic and biological aspects of renewable resources management, a mathematical model of a predator-prey system in the biochemical reaction process, which contains with two microorganisms and one substrate, is introduced and analyzed. It is shown that under the control strategy, there exists a semi-trivial periodic solution, which is orbitally asymptotically stable by the construction of the Poincare map.
Nanoscale Iron-Manganese Binary Oxide for As(III) Removal in Synthesized Groundwater
Authors: Kong Shu Qiong , Wang Yan Xin , Wang Cheng , Jin Li Ling , Liu Ming Liang , Yu Mei
Published: May 2013

Cost-effective technologies to remove arsenic from high arsenic groundwater are urgently needed for safe water supply in many countries. In this study, a new sorbent of nanoscale iron-manganese binary oxides (NIM) was prepared by an improved co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized adsorbent is amorphous with 280 m2/g surface area and particle size of 10-20nm. For the adsorption of 2 mg/L As(III), the aqueous concentration quickly decreases to less than 10 μg/L within 30 min. During the adsorption of As(III), low concentration of As(V) is measured in aqueous solution in the initial stage and disappeared afterwards, whereas the fraction of As(V) on NIM surface gradually proving the oxidative transformation of As(III) to As(V). Its batch experiment data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.
The Effects of Particle Size and Morphology of Raw Materials on the Properties of MoSi2 Synthesized by SHS
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wei Cai Li , Ye Guo Tian , Liu Chen Yong
Published: May 2013

In this work, the influences of the particle size and morphology of raw materials on the formation of MoSi2 by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) were investigated. A series of Si powders with different particle sizes and Mo powders with different morphologies were obtained by grinding for 1, 5 and 10 hours, respectively. X-ray diffraction pattern characterization (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the samples. It was found that, the phase compositions and morphologies of the combustion products depended on the particle size and morphology of the raw materials. The particle sizes of Si powders decreased with increasing the grinding time, and a secondary phase of Mo5Si3 was detected in the obtained MoSi2 powders when the smallest particle size of Si powders was about 1μm. While, the particle sizes of Mo powders increased with increasing the grinding times, and the obtained MoSi2 showed massive flaky structures, which were similar to the morphologies of Mo particles.
Microwave Induced Co-Processing of Biomass/Coal Blends
Authors: Shi Kai Qi , Wu Tao , Zhao Hai Tao , Lester Edward , Wang Yao Dong
Published: May 2013

Co-processing of biomass with coal has become a promising approach for the efficient utilization of biomass and a feasible option to reduce coal consumption. Normally, biomass and coal blends are normally processed using conventional heating methods, such as co-pyrolysis, co-firing and co-gasification. Due to the fact that microwave heating has many advantages against conventional heating methods in terms of its volumetric heating and instant heating nature, in this study, biomass and coal blends were co-processed under microwave heating to enhance possible synergistic effect to improve the yield and quality of products. Biomass and coal blends were prepared in different mass fraction. Both conventional pyrolysis and microwave induced co-processing tests were carried out. The solid, liquid and gas products were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography – mass spectrum (GC-MS). Results showed that in conventional pyrolysis, mole fraction of CO2 is relatively high whilst that of H2 is relatively low. However, for microwave induced co-processing of biomass coal blends with a mass fraction of biomass around 10wt%, the mole fraction of H2, CO and CH4 could be as high as 85%. This indicates the existence of synergy when biomass is co-processed with coal. In the liquid product, it was also found that the distribution of liquid products under microwave induced pyrolysis is much narrow compared with that of liquid products produced under conventional pyrolysis.
Refining Energy Consumption and Fiber Development on CMC-Pretreated Poplar APMP
Authors: Cheng Feng Zhen , Li You Ming , Chen Dong Hai
Published: May 2013

The aim is to get new information about the main energy consumption in where of refined poplar APMP fiber with CMC pretreatment. In this paper, PFI refining trials on 1% and 2% CMC-pretreated poplar APMP were conducted using a comparable standard process. In this process, the standard energy consumption linearly increased with PFI revolutions, CMC pretreatment changed the linear relationship and a plateau of energy consumption was shown against PFI from 2500 rev and 3000 rev. Moreover, the refined fiber was analyzed by a Fiber Lab Analyzer Kajaani FS300. the conclusion on energy consumption was that the energy consumption was mainly used in fiber straighten within PFI rev. 1000; During PFI rev. from 1000 to 2750, the energy demand was mainly used in fines and vessel increase; PFI rev. from 2750 to 3000, the energy consumption was used for fiber coarseness increase and fiber kink index decrease.
The Gene Ontology for Product Image Design
Authors: Li Li Li , Li Jiu Hua , He Kai
Published: May 2013

Inspired by DNA , the genetic gene in biosphere, this paper has systematically analysed the importance of product image design result from the spiritual elements and visual elements of product image. And combined with successful design case, the advantageous influence on product image design by gene elements is presented in depth. The theoretic basis of product design style based on the gene elements of product has been established, which makes the design process more effective and more systematical. Meanwhile, it makes the gene elements of product image design more realizable, through analyzing the composition of product gene elements.
Stabilized Dune Sand for Road Foundation Layers - Case of the Dune Sand of the Region of Djelfa (Algeria)
Authors: Abderrahmane Ghrieb , Ratiba Mitiche Kettab
Published: May 2013

The aim of the work presented in this paper is the valorisation of dune sand, which is abundant in Djelfa (Algeria). This study consists of valorizing a local material in road foundation layers. Several stages will be considered in this investigation. A method of formulation of the mixtures has been proposed, which is based on the stabilization of the studied dune sand using a hydraulic binder and a granular corrector. For each mixture, the optimum Proctor, the compressive strength with and without immersion and the tensile strength have been determined. After that an analysis of the results was made in order to examine the influence of the stabilizing agent proportioning on the physical and mechanical characteristics of mixtures. A correlation between mechanical properties of the stabilized dune sand and the maximum dry density were proposed. The stabilized sand was classified according to current standards, the optimal formulation is then selected, on which additional tests were carried out. The results obtained show that the formulation selected has sufficient performances to be used in road foundation layers.
The Theoretical Analysis on Cognitive Process of the Safety Signs Based on Neuro-IE
Authors: Zhou Xiao Hong , Chen Ming Liang , Wang Xiao Yi , Wang Liang
Published: May 2013

It’s a sort of safety management strategy of setting safety signs in production site in order to make people be alert and evade danger by transmitting dangerous signal. Based on the reviews of traditional cognitive process models such as C-HIP model and information communication model, combining the theoretical results of emerging Neuro-IE, this paper provides a cognitive process model (3N-Model) of safety sign on the basis of Neuro-IE, explains the model and gives a number of management inspirations by combining with the model.
Preparation and Sizing Application of ASA\Liquid Paraffin Stabilized by Grafted Montmorillonite
Authors: Yu De Hai , Lin Zhao Yun , Li You Ming
Published: May 2013

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) is widely used to hydrophobize paper and paper board in papermaking industry. Montmorillonite (MMT) particles modified by trifunctional silylating agent were used as particulate emulsifier to prepare binary mixed sizing agent. It was found that stable ASA\liquid paraffin Pickering emulsions can be prepared by using grafted-MMT particles and the optimal dosage of LP oil was 50 vol.%. The ASALP Pickering emulsions exhibited some kinds of a solidlike viscoelastic behavior, which can be explained by the particulate network formed by grafted-MMT particles in the emulsion. Addition of LP oil not only improved the stability of ASA emulsions stabilized by particulate emulsifier, but also significantly promoted the internal paper sizing performance of ASA.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Differences of Acid Rain in Heshan China
Authors: Liu Yan Guang
Published: May 2013

Here, statistical analysis was carried out to investigate monitoring data of acid rain in Heshan during the past nine years. HeShan city had suffered severe acid rain pollution 2004-2008，which showed obvious difference in time and space distribution, summer and autumn is more serious than winter and spring，suburb was significantly higher than the urban area.The acid rain pollution of HeShan city mainly comes from industrial air emissions of pollutants. In recent years, as the pollution prevention and waste reduction work in the city and its surrounding cities, acid rain appear rate reduced significantly, and has even less than the acid rain monitoring.
The Study of Characteristic of Drivers Visual Attention Based on Driving Simulation Device
Authors: Xia Ru Ting , Fan Jian
Published: May 2013

The number of traffic accidents keeps increasing with the development of traffic environments. There are a lot of accidents at twilight time. The cause of these accidents is depending upon the shift of drivers’ visual attention. The characteristic of visual attention in three-dimensional (3D) space were studied using a driving simulation device in order to test the effects of environment illuminance on the visual attention in this paper. In the experiments, two kind of illuminance conditions were used, brightness condition and twilight condition. In each experiment, there were three kinds of cue condition: valid, invalid and neutral condition. Observer moved forward at 0.44m/s speed, and illuminance were 480~680lx and 95~135lx in the experimental device inner. The subject’s task was to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. Reaction times of the subjects on the cue were measured. As the results, it was claritied that (1) the visual adaptive ability of the subjects had a individual difference, (2) the shift of attention was faster from far to near than from near to far, (3) the reaction time was effected by the attention moved distance, (4) brightness has had very great influence upon the delay of reaction time of the drivers, and the delay of reaction time depended on the quantity of attention moved.
Research on Vulnerability of Aquifer to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Basing on the ANN and GIS
Authors: Fang Yun Zhi , Ma Zhen Min , Luo Yun Yun
Published: May 2013

We set the karst fissure water where a oil refinery is located as a study object. Quantitative method of vulnerability analysis is raised for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination groundwater system in multiple factor combination conditions.We established the ANN model structure depending on the selected evaluation factors and obtained the weight of each factor coefficient, then superposed the weights of each factor thematic layer by applying ANN and GIS,and put forward model system of vulnerability analysis which petroleum hydrocarbon contaminate groundwater aquifer. Spatial distribution of antifouling performance is finally achieved of which groundwater aquifer is polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon.
Composite Squeeze Casting of Large Parts
Authors: Min Hao Nian , Shao Min , Zhang Wen
Published: May 2013

The article aims to put forward a kind of mold structure and corresponding composite squeeze casting process for large parts. Example will base on an Aluminum alloy wheel hub of heavy-duty tuck. Author analyzes the manufacturing production workflow of the corresponding equipments and the main parameters of process. The composite squeeze casting process can retain the advantages of direct squeeze casting while reduce the probability of inhale and oxidation of molten metal at the same time. It is especially suitable for producing large parts, and has wide applicability.
Application of Tamping Coke on Large-Scale BF Smelting
Authors: Dang Yu Chun , Shu Wen Dong , Zhai Xiu Yun , Lan Fang , Chen Ming Tong
Published: May 2013

At present, domestic and international large-scale blast furnace applications of tamping coke is still in its exploratory stage. Part of the BF applications tamping coke, there are some problems, including high-temperature zone upward, feeding speed slows , air flow along edge enhancement and heat exchange being inadequate. Through analysis of tamping coke combustion performance and the effects of tamping coke on the material column permeability, The following measures are suggested; using a suitable charging system to open center airflow, stable gas distribution, combined to increase the oxygen-rich rate, increasing the amount of wind, improving coal injection rate. The stable operation of BF is realized, hot metal increased and coke conserved.
Research on New Weighing System of Large Structure
Authors: Zhang Jin Bao
Published: May 2013

Through the weighing to gain accurate weight parameters and the barycenter position of the structure, has important guiding role for large structure shift, lifting process etc. Weighing is an important link in the process of building a large structure. According to the weighing of our country's large deep sea oil field Liwan 3-1 center module, together with Tianjin university developed the new weighing system for a large structure, through the test for the system hardware and software, the system has meet ISO norms, and meet the weighing requirements too, the study obtain a number of patent technology and software copyright.
Development of a Parallel-Series Stabilized Platform System
Authors: Wang Li Ling , Xiao Jin Zhuang , Wang Hong Rui , Liu Xiu Ling , Gao Zheng
Published: May 2013

This document designed a stabilized platform of 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism with 1-DOF in series. DC servo motors are adopted as the driver of the mechanism. The system uses an inertial gyro sensor as the feedback of the angular position. Software and hardware of the platform were developed. The full closed-loops control structure based on Advantech IPC with NI multifunction data acquisition card(PCI-6230), including current loop, velocity loop and angular position loop, gets wide speed range and high precision for angular tracking. Control software was the Matlab with embedded real-time QuaRC. Experiment results meet the technical index and precision requirement, and illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the scheme.
New Methods to Evaluate Diesel Smoke from Inspection/Maintenance Vehicles Using Integration of Smoke Emissions over a Measurement Cycle of Snap-Acceleration Test at no Load
Authors: Lee Choong Hoon
Published: May 2013

Each country regularly inspects smoke emissions from diesel vehicles. The most common method is a snap acceleration test at no load. Currently, the representative smoke value of a tested vehicle is decided by averaging three peak values which correspond to three consecutive measurement cycles. The biggest problem of the current method of determining the representative smoke of tested vehicles based on the averaging 3 consecutive peak values is that it varies enormously according to how the driver pushes the accelerator. In this study, new methods based on integration were researched to calculate representative smoke values from tested vehicles using the same data obtained by a snap acceleration test at no load. The smoke emissions for each measurement cycle were integrated with respect to time, and the average of the integrated values was obtained. Also, the smoke value of the acceleration range in each measurement cycle was integrated and the average was obtained. The representative value of smoke emissions was analyzed according to both the old and new calculation method. A total of 20 vehiclesof the same model with 2 liter diesel engineswere tested using snap acceleration at no load. It was found that the fluctuation of the representative smoke values of the tested vehicles was reduced when the average of the integrated values over either one measurement cycle or the acceleration range was used as the representative value.
Investigation of the Lox/Alcohol Propulsion System
Authors: Vasques Bruno Barreto , de Souza Luiz Carlos Gadelha
Published: May 2013

This work describes the design of a liquid propellant rocket engine using non-toxic, low-cost propellants, for a second generation space transportation system. The primary goals of this effort were to identify the most attractive fuel and system design approach for sizing a workhorse engine and to determine technology advancements that are needed to provide subsequent system development. The emphasis of the analysis was directed toward propellant perfomance and engine characterization. On the basis of operational and cost criteria, ethanol was determined to be the best fuel candidate. Because of the high heat flux conditions at high chamber pressures, regenerative cooling was chosen as the preferred method of wall protection, leaving film cooling as a supplementary chamber cooling method. A finite element analysis was carried out to evaluate thrust chamber reliability on steady working operation and hydraulic test mode. The study contributed to establish a better understanding of propellant potentialities and to investigate the best means of utilizing these capabilities in typical engine designs.
Ultrafast Response Humidity Sensor Based on Electrospun Porous BaTiO3 Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Hong Di , Sheng Chen Hao , Sun Bin , Long Yun Ze
Published: May 2013

Nanocrystalline and porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanofibers with diameter 200-400 nm were synthesized via electrospinning and followed calcinations. The morphology and microstructure of the nanofibers were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope, respectively. And the electrical and humidity sensing properties of the nanofibers were also measured. The results reveal that the BaTiO3 nanofibers have a conductivity of about 0.3 S/cm, and show an ultrafast response time (~0.7 s) and a recovery time (~0.4 s) to humidity at room temperature. In addition, the sensing mechanism was also discussed briefly based on its nanocrystalline and porous microstructure of the electrospun material.
Numerical Simulation of the Piercing Process of Large-Sized Seamless Steel Tube
Authors: Liu Feng , Qiu Yun Long , Song Zhang Hua , Wang Shuai Wei
Published: May 2013

In the piercing process of the large-sized seamless steel tube, the rollers and plug affected on the billet with extrusion and friction. It made that the stress and strain state of metal is very complicated. In the complex state, the casting shrinkage and void produced by molten steel solidification became the crack defect in the middle of tube wall. The simulation of the piercing process of large sized seamless steel tube was performed by FEM in this paper. The material is stainless steel TP321. The distribution of stress was analyzed. It was obtained that the circumferential shear stress is the necessary condition of produced the layered defects in the tube wall. The paper studied the state of strain in the tube. The distribution of all kinds of strain was gotten. That could provide the theory guide for the elimination of the crack defect in the large-sized seamless steel tube.
Mechanical Property, HIC and SSCC Test Analysis of L245NS Anti-Sulfur Bending Pipe
Authors: Song Guang San , Tong Ke , He Xiao Dong
Published: May 2013

Rational utilization of the anti-sulfur tubes is considerable significance to the reliability and service life of oil-gas pipeline system. Unfortunately, there have been no such researches in the field of anti-sulfur bending pipe. In this paper, the mechanical property test, hydrogen induced cracking(HIC) test and sulfide stress-corrosion cracking(SSC) test were conducted to investigate the Φ406.4×10.31mm L245NS anti-sulfur bending pipe with the technique of induction heating bending. And the test result was analyzed combining with microstructure of pipe. The results show that mechanical properties and HIC behavior of L245NS bending pipe reach the standard with the 890~930°C induction quenching and 580-630°C temper process. The strength and Charpy toughness of inner arc and outer arc are higher than base metal. Most HIC crack initiated at the bainite structure and banded structure. The L245NS anti-sulfur bending pipe exhibits good resistance to SSCC under the NACE TM0177-2005 experiment environment.
Electroosmotic Flow and Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Closed Form Solution
Authors: Chen Chien Hsin , Hwang Shen Jenn , Hwang Yunn Lin
Published: May 2013

In this paper, an analysis has been conducted to explore the momentun and thermal transport characterastics of electroosmotic liquid flow in a microchannel under imposed constant wall heat flux boundary condition. The present formulation shows that the problem is governed by three parameters, namely, the length scale ratio (ratio of Debye length to half channel height), the Joule heating parameter (ratio of Joule heating to surface heat flux), and the Brinkman number. A closed form solution of the problem was obtained and the impact of viscous dissipation on the heat transfer behavior was investigated. Analytical exact solutions of dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles, normalized local velocity, volume flow rate, friction coefficient, mean fluid temperature, and the fully-developed Nusselt number were obtained as functions of the governing parameters. Especially, the effects of length scale ratio on major flow parameters (including the normalized local velocity, friction coefficient, and volumetric flow rate) were examined. Also, the viscous dissipation effect on thermal transport characteristics was discussed in depth.
Optimal Aircraft Maintenance Crews Work Shifts with Integer Programming
Authors: Liu Cheng Che , Wang Ta Chung
Published: May 2013

Shiftwork disrupts the sleep-wake cycle, leading to sleepiness, fatigue, and performance impairment, with implications for occupational health and safety. Aircraft maintenance crews work a 24-hour shift rotation and sustain flight punctuality rate of job stress.If an error occurs during the aircraft maintenance process, this error may become a potential risk factor for flight safety.This paper focuses on optimal work shift scheduling to reduce the fatigue of aircraft maintenance crews. We model fatigue as a dynamic system, and the objective is to find the optimal shift schedules that minimize the maximum fatigue values. Various constraints such as holidays, company and government regulations are included in our model. This optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer program, in which the shift assignments are described by 0-1 variables. We take a sample aircraft maintenance crews schedule to demonstrate the proposed methods.
Method for Estimating the Domino Effect in Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Chen Ming Liang , Geng Zhi Qiang , Zhu Qun Xiong
Published: May 2013

Accidents caused by the domino effect are the most destructive accidents in the chemical process industry. These chains of accidents may lead to catastrophic consequences and may affect not only the industrial sites, but also people, environment and economy. However, quantitative risk assessments do not usually take the domino effect into account in a detailed, systematic way, mostly because of its complexity and the difficulties involved in its incorporation. A method for quantitative assessment of domino effects is presented. The consequence and probability of a certain accident can be estimated. The domino sequences from the initial accident to the last accident can be obtained. The method has been implemented in a case study. The results show that it can indeed be used to estimate the impact of the domino effect in quantitative assessment.
Coal Belt Conveyor PID Controller Parameter Regulation with Neural Network
Authors: Ma Xian Min , Gao Xiong Xiong
Published: May 2013

The coal belt conveyor is an important transport equipment to transfer the coal between the mining working space and the ground. In the traditional belt conveyor control system, there are some disadvantages such as movement quiver with switch relay controller. In this paper, a control strategy using neural network theory to optimize the parameters of the speed PID controller is proposed to overcome the shortcomings, the direct torque control model is adopted to meet real time control requirement, and the optimization steps are described. The theory analysis and simulation results indicate that the system speed overshoot is small after the parameters of the speed PID controller are optimized with neural network theory, so the stability of the coal belt conveyor electrical control driving system is improved.
The Kinematic Design of 2K-2H Planetary Gear Reducers with High Reduction Ratio
Authors: Hsieh Long Chang , Tang Hsiu Chen
Published: May 2013

The power system equipped in machinery contains power source (motor or engine) and gear reducer to get large output torque. The rotation speed of motor is made higher and higher to obtain high power with the same volume. Hence, the reduction ratio of gear reducer is required to be higher and higher. Planetary gear trains can be used as the gear reducers with high reduction ratio. However, the planetary gear train with high reduction ratio is compound gear system. The purpose of this paper is to propose 2K-2H type planetary gear reducers with high reduction ratio. Based on the concept of train value equation, we propose a new representation to present the kinematic relationship of the members of the train circuit. According to this representation graph, we propose an algorithm for the kinematic design of planetary simple gear trains with high reduction ratio. Some 2K-2H type planetary gear reducers are designed to illustrate the design algorithm.
Study on the Properties of CrN Coating Prepared on 3Cr2W8V by Electron Beam Surface Alloying Process
Authors: Chen Yuan Fang , Xu Hong Bin , Hu Jian Jun , Chun Liu
Published: May 2013

CrN coating was deposited on 3Cr2W8V alloy by PVD and then processed with electron beam surface alloying process. The pulsed times of HCPEB was changed from 1 to 25 to prepare different specimens. Microstructures were investigated by optical metallurgical microscopy (OM), results show that the particles located in surface layer were obviously refined and the thickness of coating film has important influence to surface alloying . When the coating film is very thick, the heat-affect areas which are made by electron beam do not influence the matrix a lot. Microhardness, friction coefficient, amount of wear of electron beam treated specimens were determined. It is shown that the coating has an average microhardness of approximately HV630, the friction coefficient of electron beam irradiation treated specimens is considerably lower than that of CrN coating. When the electron beam irradiate times is appropriate, the roughness of surface will much lower, and it will achieve polishing effects. The corrosion behavior of the composite coating in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature was also determined using a potentiont state system. By comparing the electron beam treated specimen of 3Cr2W8V alloy to that of the primary 3Cr2W8V dendrites, the corrosion potentials of CrN coating and electron beam treated specimen are increased respectively. The electron beam treated specimen has the lowest corrosion current density as well as the highest corrosion potential showing an improved corrosion resistance compared with 3Cr2W8V alloy.
Optical Properties of Electrodeposited Alumina Thin Films by Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometer
Authors: Farzana Majid , Saira Riaz , Shahzad Naseem
Published: May 2013

Aluminum oxide thin films are prepared for their potential application as barrier coatings. Electrodeposition method is used for depositing alumina films. All the depositions are carried out at room temperature in the voltage range of 1-5 volts. Reaction time is also varied to observe the changes in the structure and morphology of thin films. Dense films with spherical nanoparticles ~ 200 nm are observed at 3 volts. JA Wollam spectroscopic ellipsometer is used to study the optical properties of thin films. Thickness of around 1 micrometer is observed for all the samples prepared at 3 volts. However, surface roughness was increased from 5 -12 nm by increasing the reaction time from 15 to 60 minutes. Energy band gap of ~ 3.9 eV is observed which is consistent with our previously reported alumina thin films by using sol- gel method. Refractive index of ~ 1.77 is observed at 300 nm. Low Porosity ~ 2.5% was observed for the films prepared at 3 volts for a reaction time of 30 minutes.
Surface Modification of SKD 61 by Electrical Discharge Coating (EDM/EDC) with Multilayer Cylindrical Electrode and Jatropha Curcas as Dielectric Fluid
Authors: Priadi Dedi , Pawiro Triyono , Siradj Eddy S. , Winarto
Published: May 2013

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is the most extensive non-conventional material removal processes used. In recent years, EDM researchers have been explore several sparking efficiency improvement methods including some unique experimental concepts that begin from the EDM traditional sparking phenomenon. This paper reports the use of layered cylindrical electrodes combined with jatropha curcas as dielectric fluid which is not widely used in the EDM process. The results are compared with the EDM process using kerosene dielectric fluid and single electrode (conventional). Dielectric fluid jatropha curcas is expected to substitute the commonly used dielectric fluid. Dielectric strength was tested by the impulse method. Furthermore, the EDM process is measured using surface roughness and microhardness of white layer values at various cutting conditions on the material SKD 61 as an indicator. The highest value of white layer hardness using jatropha curcas dielectric fluid is provided by three layers of electrodes, whereas the lowest is resulted of two layers of electrodes. Meanwhile, the use of kerosene dielectric fluid, the highest hardness value is achieved by two layers of electrodes, and the lowest is produced by three layers of electrodes. This study shows that jatropha curcas dielectric fluid is potential to be used in the EDM process since it produces a smoother surface and higher white layer hardness value.
Experimental Research on Thermal Energy Storage of a New Type of PCM Heat Exchange Tube
Authors: Zhu Xiao Qin , Cao Zhao Sheng , Hu Jin , Chang Jing Hua , Ni Hai Yang , Li Ting Zhou
Published: May 2013

Thermal energy storage performance of a new type of PCM heat exchange tube was researched, in which its main body was based on the traditional structure of a double-tube exchanger and was full of PCM (calcium chloride hexahydrate) in the annular area between the inner tube and the outer tube. The hot air at the temperature of 40°C was chosen as a fluid medium, and the temperature measurements of the test points were made at the inlet and the outlet of this new type of PCM heat exchange tube. The experimental results showed that, this new type of PCM heat exchange tube could store thermal energy from the hot air by means of PCM (calcium chloride hexahydrate) in the annular area, whose performance laid good foundations for its engineering applications for recovery and utilizations of greenhouses, air conditioning and industrial afterheat or waste heat etc.