bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening of RC Beam Using Different Techniques
Authors: M Keerthi Lekshmi
Published: September 2023

Structural strengthening is the process of upgrading structures to improve performance under existing loads or to increase the strength of structural members to carry additional loads. The need for structural strengthening is commonly driven by building codes, deterioration, change in use, or deficiencies caused by design or construction. Strengthening of concrete structures must be considered when the existing structure deteriorates or any alteration to the structure has to be made due to which the structure may fail to serve its purpose. Concerns must be taken to existing materials, often in deteriorated condition, loads during strengthening and to existing geometry. In some cases it can also be difficult to reach the areas that need to be strengthened. When concrete structural strengthening is to be undertaken all failure modes must be evaluated. Strengthening a structure for flexure may lead to shear failure instead of giving the desired increased load bearing capacity. It should also be noted that not only the failure mode of the strengthened member is important. If a critical member in a structure is strengthened, another member can become the critical one. Because of changed stiffness in an undetermined structural system the whole structure must be investigated. The strengthening should also designed with consideration to minimize the maintenance and repair needs.
A Study on Effectiveness of Motivational on Employee with Special Reference to Shiash Info Solutions Pvt Ltd, Chennai.
Authors: B. G Athira , A. Robert Raja Singh , G. Nanda
Published: September 2023

The title of the project report’s ‘A study on Effectiveness of Motivational on employee’. The project work has been carried out at Shiash info solutions Pvt ltd in Chennai for the potential fulfillment of the MBA program under Anna University, Chennai. Organizational culture is the accepted norms and values that are associated with a particular company. These norms are seen as distinctive to a particular organization. Organizational culture can be tackled in three real ms such as behavior & artifacts, values & assumptions and beliefs. The term behavior denotes the visible elements of culture prevailing with a certain organizational dress code, the way employees use technology in their task etc. Their search design us edit this study is descriptive research design. Data from 50 people were collected as population study. Data was collected by survey method through structured questionnaire with close-ended questions. The primary data was obtained through questionnaire directly from the employees. The secondary data was collected through internal source and external source, company records, documents, journals &websites. The collected data has been edited, classified and tabulated. The statistical tool used in this study is Percentage analysis, Chi-square test, and Weighted Average method.
Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work: A Review
Authors: P. J Newjin Bro , R Gini
Published: September 2023

This paper summarize a framework for the study of the implications of automation and AI on the demand for labor, wages, and employment. Our task-based framework emphasizes the displacement effect that automation creates as machines and AI replace labor in tasks that it used to perform. This displacement effect tends to reduce the demand for labor and wages. But it is counteracted by a productivity effect, resulting from the cost savings generated by automation, which increase the demand for labor in non-automated tasks. The productivity effect is complemented by additional capital accumulation and the deepening of automation (improvements of existing machinery), both of which further increase the demand for labor. These countervailing effects are incomplete. Even when they are strong, automation in- creases output per worker more than wages and reduce the share of labor in national income. The more powerful countervailing force against automation is the creation of new labour-intensive tasks, which reinstates labor in new activities and tends to increase the labor share to counterbalance the impact of automation. Our framework also highlights the constraints and imperfections that slow down the adjustment of the economy and the labor market to automation and weaken the resulting productivity gains from this transformation: a mismatch between the skill requirements of new technologies, and the possibility that automation is being introduced at an excessive rate, possibly at the expense of other productivity-enhancing technologies. In this paper investigating various methods used in the existing work for the Artificial Intelligence.
Using Hashing Algorithm for the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network
Authors: V Siva Sankar , S. T Sukanya
Published: September 2023

Today’s organ donation and transplantation systems pose different requirements and challenges in terms of registration, donor-recipient matching, organ removal, organ delivery, and transplantation with legal, clinical, ethical, and technical constraints. Therefore, an end-to-end organ donation and transplantation system is required to guarantee a fair and efficient process to enhance patient experience and trust. Propose a private Ethereum blockchain-based solution to enable organ donation and transplantation management in a manner that is fully decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy. Develop smart contracts and present six algorithms along with their implementation, testing, and validation details. Evaluate the performance of the proposed solution by performing privacy, security, and confidentiality analyses as well as comparing our solution with the existing solutions. As a result, a ranked list is generated as an output and provided to the transplantation surgeons. Next, the transplant surgeon decides whether the organ is appropriate for the patient based on various considerations, such as the donor’s medical records and the current health of the prospective recipient. Later, when a transplant surgeon accepts the donated organ, the donor’s surgeon is notified to remove the donated organ.
Flexural Strengthening Of Reinforced Cement Concrete Beam Using S-Glass Fibre
Authors: R Akhil
Published: September 2023

Worldwide a great deal of research is currently being conducted concerning the use of fiber reinforced plastic wraps, laminates and sheets in the repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete members. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) application is a very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have become structurally weak over their life span. FRP repair systems provide on economically viable to alternative to traditional repair systems and materials. Experimental investigations of flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened by using glass fiber reinforced polymer sheets are carried out. Externally reinforced concrete beams with Epoxy bonded GFRP sheets were tested to failure using a symmetrical two point concentrated static loading system. Two sets of beams were casted for this experimental test program. The beam casted as weak in flexure and strengthened using glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets out of two beam another is controlled beam. The strengthening of the beam is done with different amount and configuration of GFRP sheets. Experimental Data on load, deflection and failure modes of each of the beams were obtained. The detail procedure and application of GFRP sheets for strengthening of RC beam is also included. The effect of number of GFRP layers and its orientation on ultimate load carrying capacity and failure mode of the beams are investigated.
Assessment of Longshore Sediment Transport Using LITPACK
Authors: C. A Athira , C. A Lekshmi Devi
Published: September 2023

The coastal zone has become one of the most important activity zones in the world as it is thickly populated and has several industries and other establishments. Development activities in the coastal zone must be systematic within the framework of well-defined Coastal Zone Management Plans. Thorough understanding of coastal processes which are controlled by coastal hydrodynamics and the resulting sediment transport is essential for development of coastal zone management plans. The study of these processes can help in developing appropriate strategies for coastline management and conservation. This study has been conducted at Thiruvananthapuram coastal stretch (78km) for wave analysis and estimation of longshore sediment transport. Dedicated wave model has been developed using MIKE 21 SW model and the simulated wave climate has been used in LITPACK model for estimation of sediment transport which is calibrated and validated with the real data. Study has conducted from 2013 to 2022 during south-west monsoon season. Study shows that the Thiruvananthapuram district seashore experiences significant longshore sediment transport, with sediment moving predominantly towards the south during monsoon season with gross sediment transportation of 1.34×106m3
Machine Learning Based Realtime Water Quality Monitoring System
Authors: P Nanda Jayalakshmi , V Revathy
Published: September 2023

Water quality parameter is of much importance in our day to day lives. Prediction of water quality will help to reduce water pollution and guard our human health. This work has advanced an “Machine Learning based real-time water quality monitoring system” pertaining to lakes is being used in rural areas. All the organisms that use it are affected by the waste generated in this water. Water quality monitoring system is to identify the level of water and finding ways to correct the problems in it. Water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human contact and drinking water. An intelligent process of monitoring the quality of water automatically detects the condition of water through Machine Learning by processing sensors data and instantly provides notification to water analyst when the quality of water is abnormal. The structure uses Determination of pH, Color, Temperature, Carbon monoxide, Conductivity, Fecal coliform. Likewise, ANN, Adaptive filter algorithm, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Random forest calculation has been utilized for anticipating the nature of water, with the assistance of prepared informational collection from various water tests.
Oceanic Turbulence and Beam Propagation Characteristics of Underwater Optical Wireless Communication: A Brief Survey
Authors: J. M. Aravind , Y. P. Arul Teen
Published: September 2023

Underwater wireless communication (UWC) means the transmission of information using wireless channels through the underwater, i.e. radio frequency waves (RF), acoustic waves and optical waves in an unguided water environment. In this review article we focus on underwater optical wireless communications (UWOCs) using optical waves as transmission medium. UWOCs have a much higher communication frequency and therefore a much higher data rate compared to RF and acoustic counter-parts. Due to this high-speed data transfer advantage, UWOC has been very attractive over the past few years. Many application shave been proposed in UWOC systems for protection of the environment, underwater exploration, emergency alerts and military operations etc. However, underwater absorption, scattering and turbulence processes will introduce attenuation and fading to light propagation and then degrade the performance of underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). In this review paper we give a detailed overview of turbulence and beam propagation characteristics of different water bodies in UWOC.
Structural Reliability Assessment of Bridges
Authors: M.V Ganga
Published: September 2023

Basically, engineering structures are required to satisfy predeﬁned performance targets such as successfully resisting external load actions. Due to the randomness nature of both the structure l property and the external attacks, however, the “absolute safety” of a structure cannot be achieved in engineering practice. Rather, the practical strategy is to control the probability of violating the performance requirements (e.g., structural safety) under an acceptable level. To that end, some probability based approaches are essentially needed to quantify the occurrence possibility of such undesired consequences. Under this context, the mathematical formulation of analytical tools for structural reliability assessment is the topic of this book.
Experimental Investigation on Strength Conventional Bacteria Concrete
Authors: R Ramesh
Published: September 2023

Concrete is the foremost building material broadly used in building construction, but cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weakness of concrete. The major downside of concrete is its low tensile strength due to which micro crack occurs when the load applied is more than its limit and this paves way for the seepage of water and other salts. This initiates corrosion and makes the whole structure vulnerable and leads to the failure of structure. To remediate this type of failure due to cracks and fissures, an approach of using bio mineralization in concrete has evolved in recent years. In this method, of enhancing the performance of concrete, the Bacillus sphaericus bacteria is introduced into concrete. Thus, this paper is an attempt to define bacterial concrete, types and classification of microorganisms, working of bio concrete as a repair material, advantages and disadvantages of bacterial concrete and applications by literature review are discussed.
Efficient Unpredictable Multi Authority Attribute based Encryption
Authors: S Rohini , R Gini
Published: September 2023

Data access control is an effective way to ensure data security in the cloud. Due to data outsourcing and untrusted cloud servers, the data access control becomes a challenging issue in cloud storage systems. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is usually adopted for cloud storage, both for its achievement of fine grained access control over data, and for its guarantee of data confidentiality. Single-authority Attribute-Based Encryption (SA-ABE) has its obvious drawback in that only one attribute authority can assign the users’ attributes, enabling the data to be shared only within the management domain of the attribute authority, while rendering multiple attribute authorities unable to share the data. On the other hand, multi-authority attribute-based encryption (MA-ABE) has its advantages over SA-ABE. It can not only satisfy the need for the fine-grained access control and confidentiality of data, but also make the data shared among different multiple attribute authorities. In this paper, on the basis of the cryptography, an efficient revocable multi-authority attribute-based encryption (RMA-ABE) scheme for cloud storage is proposed. Multi-authority attribute-based encryption was very suitable for data access control in a cloud storage environment. However, efficient user revocation in multi-authority attribute based encryption remains a challenging problem that prevents it from practical applications. A multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme with efficient revocation was proposed with proved statically secure and revocable in the random oracle model.
Multi-Vendor System
Authors: V. Lijin
Published: September 2023

Multi-vendor market place allow the vendors sell their products by setting up an exclusive store front. The merchants can oversee co-ordinations, stock, item increments, and so on at their own end. The proprietor of the commercial center can acquire a commission on the offer of each item or by the other income age models. Online e-commerce sites are becoming more. Popular these days and generally meant for online shopping. Every person now-a-days is likely to buy products online as there are more discounts, reviews, ratings of the products. Huge number of alternatives are retrieved for the single user feature input set for a user interested product leading to information overload. This large amount of information will confuse and stop the consumer at some point of purchase. Moreover if the customer is likely to buy the same product with less price, he needs to visit as many sites for the best product. This prompts draw the client’s significant time and exertion. In this paper we separate the information from some online business sites by web rejecting devices. We consider the price, rating, reviews, shipping and cash on delivery basic features from the extraction. Then collect the data from n domains to a single domain apply normalization. Then based on the attributes and features we calculate weight to each product and stored in a sorted order. Based on the user input the top-k products are displayed. Therefore the information overload is reduced and the cross comparison is displayed.
The Construction Agile Managements of Different Infrastructure Projects
Authors: B. Sreejith , V. Sreeja
Published: September 2023

Agile methodology is a type of project management process, mainly used for software development, where demands and solutions evolve through the collaborative effort of self-functional teams and their customers. During the past few decades, fundamental changes have taken place in project development, planning, and execution. This has taken from with embracing new techniques such as various agile project management, instead of using the traditional waterfall project management. . It is mainly suitable for complex project, where there is delay in construction projects & final deliverable in advance. Construction delays are a common phenomenon in civil engineering projects. There are many reasons to delay in construction as pre-design, design and execution phase. It leads to time overrun in the construction work. Completion of construction projects on time seems to be challenging tasks in large-scale construction. It has been observed that about 90% of government infrastructure projects fail to achieve on time completion in India. Time is a major factor in construction and on time completion will bring about many benefits to the client, contractor and the society. This thesis paper will discuss and finding out the reasons for delay in two different construction project and apply agile management methodology where the delay is identified in this construction works. Also will prove the scope of agile management in construction industry in future.
Experimental Study on Concrete Structural Elements Using Calcined Clay and Basalt Aggregate
Authors: S. Sudhan
Published: September 2023

The term ‘Sustainable’ environmentally means “green”. The deteriorating environment is driving the worldwide focus on sustainable development. It is to be noted that the largest impact on nature and environment is by the construction industry. Previously, the concern on environment formed a small part of construction development. We know that cement is the main constituent of concrete. Production of large quantity of cement results in increasing CO2 emissions and the consequence being Greenhouse Effect .The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using basalt aggregates in concrete mixes. Concrete is the most important engineering material and the addition or replacement of some of the materials may change the properties of the concrete. In recent years a lot of research been carried out in order to obtain more durable and long term performance of concrete structures in the dynamic environment. An experimental program is set up to test the effect of basalt aggregate content and its combinations with calcined clay with variation of percentages in concrete mixes. Different aggregate percentage combinations were used in this study for basalt and calcined clay respectively. The laboratory investigation included measurement of compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. In addition the source aggregate properties were considered in this study: specific gravity and absorption for coarse aggregates and fine aggregate. The result of this investigation indicates a general improvement in mix properties with the introduction of basalt aggregates in the mix.
Detection and Differentiation of blood cancer cells using Edge Detection method
Authors: T Soumya
Published: September 2023

Medical imaging is an essential data source that has been leveraged worldwide in health- care systems. In pathology, histopathology images are used for cancer diagnosis, whereas these images are very complex and their analyses by pathologists require large amounts of time and effort. On the other hand, although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have produced near-human results in image processing tasks, their processing time is becoming longer and they need higher computational power. In this paper, we implement a quantized ResNet model on two histopathology image datasets to optimize the inference power consumption
MPPT of Solar Using Mid-Point Tracking Method
Authors: R Abisha , J Merry Guisa
Published: September 2023

A Maximum Power Point Tracking or Tracker (MPPT) is a high efficiency system that extracts the maximum power output from a solar cell or an array of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Normally the solar power systems efficiency is less. To improve its efficiency, solar power systems are usually equipped with the function of MPPT. The work presented in this paper concerns the designing and implementation of a photovoltaic system (PV) provided with an MPPT control. More particularly, the utilization of a buck converter for controlling photovoltaic power using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mechanism was presented. First the photovoltaic module is analyzed using SIMULINK software. In this project the buck converter was used along with a MPPT control. The MPPT is responsible for extracting the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic and feed it to the load via the buck converter which steps down the voltage to the required magnitude. The algorithm utilized for MPPT was the three-point weighting that incorporates mid-point tracking. The system was designed and simulated in MATLAB. Both the buck converter and the solar cell are modelled using Sim- Power Systems blocks. Especially, the waveforms of MPPT and Photo voltaic have been presented.
SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA DESAIN KEMASAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN NILAI JUAL PRODUK PANGAN
Authors: Julyaningsih A. Hermina , Irmayani Irmayani , Hamdani Ibnu Mansyur
Published: September 2023

Kemasan bagi produk utamanya produk pangan bukan hanya berperan sebagai pelindung produk yang dikemasnya namun juga berperan sebagai sarana promosi dan pencantuman informasi mengenai identitas produk. Salah satu cara sederhana dalam meningkatkan nilai tambah atau nilai jual suatu produk adalah dengan memiliki desain kemasan yang tidak hanya aman bagi produknya namun juga menarik minat konsumennya. Seorang pendesain kemasan pangan tidak hanya menguasai nilai seni, tata letak dan komposisi layaknya seorang designer pada umumnya namun paham menganai filosofi warna, bentuk dan simbol yang digunakan serta karakteristik fisik, biologi dan kimia dari produk ataupun kemasannya. Ilmu dasar ini sebaiknya dipahami dan dikuasai oleh para pengusaha muda yang ingin merintis bisninya utamanya di bidang bisnis kuliner.

Mengingat pentingnya peran desain kemasan bagi nilai jual suatu produk utamanya produk pangan, kami mengadakan sosialisasi mengenai pentingnya desain kemasan terhadap peningkatan nilai jual produk pangan sehingga kelak baik calon pebisnis ataupun yang telah menjadi pebisnis dapat memanfaatkan informasi ini dan menerapkannya dalam pengembangan bisnis mereka.
Advanced Nanomaterials – Synthesis, Properties & Applications
Authors:   Government Arts and Science College, Avinashi, Tamil Nadu, India, A. Balamurugan , K. C. Suresh ,   Government First Grade Women’s College, B.H Road, Tumkur-572 102,
Published: September 2023

This book is a compilation of carefully chosen, peer-reviewed essays showcasing the work of a diverse group of scientists from across the world. The book discusses nanoparticles, including their creation, analysis, and practical uses. New applications of nanotechnology in fields as varied as agriculture, electronics, and medicine are also presented. The book delves into the physics, chemistry, and biology that inform fabrication and device design in addition to the engineering considerations.
Evolution of the Management of Al-Mahara College for Nursing in Tobruk
Authors: Bashir Salma
Published: September 2023

Recently, the health of individuals has been considered one of the most important human rights, and medical education has become an economic source and tributary that provides the country with human resources to build a healthy society free of diseases. This research presents a general idea of health medical education and highlights health education activities perspectives that can contribute to the development: the fields of nursing, pharmacy, medical technology, and midwifery. All of them fall within the curricula that respond to the increase by getting acquainted with the paths of medical education in the Al-Batman region. The role of training comes as a difficult task that must be dealt with, highlighted, and focused on the means that work to develop and develop it, and the need to dedicate it in the medical future. It is included within the scientific program of institutes and colleges that supervise medical and health education through the development of teachers and educational leaders. This research proposes to train graduates to become tomorrow's teachers are not only skilled but also able to keep pace with the ever-evolving world and thinking in deeper areas for the benefit of society, also in the hope that those who can turn to become more involved and active with medical institutions, medical research centers, and health care homes in the future and work to develop advanced medical courses.
The savior in man-made religions / the civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt as a model
Authors: AL-Husaini Nada
Published: September 2023

This study seeks to reveal the idea of the savior man and the victory of good over evil. It is one of the beliefs that man believed in since ancient times. In addition to the monotheistic religions that emphasized it, the positive religions also called for it and surrounded it with an aura of sanctity, as it is one of the basic points of commonality between most religions. This is because the issue of salvation preoccupied the mind of man, and he kept looking for a savior, whether this savior was embodied in a god or a human being. Thus, this belief is not exclusive to the divine religions only, as it stems mainly from the human instinct that constantly longs for perfection in all its forms, and perhaps this matter in particular. It is what makes it more realistic. Human nature, as is well known, does not seek something that does not exist. Therefore, all religions, including man-made religions, preached that humanity has a promised day when the earth will be honored with the appearance of the savior and the savior. No ideology, whatever its stance on the unseen, can deny the idea of salvation, for all of them meet in terms of the content of faith in waiting for a savior or savior who will rid humanity of injustice and persecution, and lead it to terms of freedom, justice and prosperity, even if the reasons for this belief differ.
Difficulties faced by the supervisory authorities in controlling Islamic financial institutions from the legal point of view
Authors: دابو محمد
Published: September 2023

The central bank is a supreme authority to which all financial institutions are subject, and it is also concerned with managing the economy to maintain its stability from financial fluctuations and the disadvantages of high prices, so the central bank implements its policies and instructions through these institutions that make up the economy, so any measure or action it takes is affected by these institutions and then the economy. The interest is one of the tools that the Central Bank uses in all its actions and procedures to manage institutions. Institutions that deal with interest respond and interact with its procedures and instructions. As for those that do not deal with interest, such as Islamic financial institutions, they do not respond to what the central bank issues, as it differs from the nature and mechanism of its banking work and the privacy of many Its actions resulting from the source of its legislation, and therefore the Central Bank faces the possibility of violating the legal prohibitions controlling it, which makes it difficult to monitor the task.
The Missngs of Arabic Dictionary in The book of "Attaaliqat wa- al-nawadir" By Abu Ali Al-Hajari
Authors: العزاني أنور , الشهري علي
Published: September 2023

This study deals with the verbal and semantic defects of the Arabic lexicon, which were monitored "Attaaliqat wa- al-nawadir" By Abu Ali Al-Hajari, and shows its impact on Arabic dictionaries after him in terms of monitoring this linguistic richness that they missed. It is known that the collection of missing items is of great importance in contributing to the completion of our ancient linguistic dictionaries, filling the gaps in them and enriching their content. It contributes to reviving a root described as neglected, or helps to understand an ancient text or witness. The study concluded with results, including: The book of "Attaaliqat wa- al-nawadir" By Abu Ali Al-Hajari is a source full of lexical gaps that are not few. The diversity of the Arabs' environments and their different lifestyles also led to the multiplicity of the semantics of the words. Highlighting the lexical missing helps to complete the Arabic lexicon material and contributes to building the desired historical lexicon and Arabic linguistic atlas.
Procedures for Executing Penal Rulings According to the Omani Law
Authors: المعمري مسعود , البلـوشـي علـي
Published: September 2023

The stage of implementation of penal judgments is considered the key outcome of the criminal case and stands out chiefly as the most important stage of the procedures. It constitutes the highest form of justice and reflects the strength of the State in extending the application of the law by transforming the issued operative sentences into reality in which the convicted person receives his/her punishment, the plaintiff attains his right and the society succeeds in punishing those who violated the law. This stage enjoys a set of legal rules and guarantees that regulate the implementation procedures from the point of the final judgment to the actual implementation. This study aims to shed light on the implementation of the criminal rulings by the Public Prosecution Authority and determine the procedures followed in the implementation of the criminal penalties issued by the competent judicial courts and the key implementation issues that hinder the implementation phase during the practical application. Moreover, it highlights the position of the Omani legislator in this stage and the most prominent legal articles organizing this stage according to the Criminal Law. The following are the main finding of the study: 1. The Omani legislator has made the implementation of the criminal rulings issued by the criminal courts a key constituent of the work of the public prosecution and one of its various specializations in the field of public litigation. 2. extends to the implementation stage within the penal institutions. from implementing such judgments.
Tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with down syndrome
Authors: Tariq Tehreem , Akhtar Daniel , Badar Syeda Asfara , Abdullah Muhammad , Tahir Fatima
Published: September 2023

Background: The Worldwide prevalence of Down syndrome children with hearing loss is 38–78% with conductive hearing loss accounting for the majority of cases and a documented 20%. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in 2-year-olds. Objective:  To determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome.
Methodology: Cross sectional observational study was conducted to determine the tympanometric and auditory brainstem response findings among children with Down syndrome on a sample of 98 patients both Male and Female with Non-probability purposive sampling technique. The study was performed at the Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health in Lahore. The duration of this study was 6 months, from January 2023 to June 2023. Children aged 1 to 6 years were included in this study. A self-structured questionnaire, tympanometry, and auditory brainstem response test were used to accumulate the data. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 24.0 software package. Results: Among the 98 DS patients, there were 52 (70.41%) male patients and 46 (29.59%) female patients. The majority of patients were in the age group 1-3 years, which is 61 (65.31%) in number. From the analysis of the tympanometry test, it was found that the majority of patients had type B tympanograms, which is 55 (56.1%), and type C tympanograms were also shown in 28 (28.6%) patients. Results of BAEP showed that most patients had moderate-degree hearing loss 70 (71.1%) and 15 (15.3%) had normal hearing. Conclusion:  This study concluded that the majority of children had moderate degree conductive hearing loss rather than mild to severe degree mixed and sensorineural hearing loss.  
Key words:  Down syndrome, Pediatric Hearing Loss, Tympanometry, Auditory Brainstem Response, Otitis Media with Effusion
Breaking the Silence: Convolutional Neural Networks for Sign Language Recognition in the Deaf Community
Authors: Muthuswamy Myvizhi , M. Ali Ahmed , Abdelhafeez Ahmed
Published: September 2023

The deaf community faces communication barriers that hinder their interaction with the hearing world. This work aims to bridge the gap by enabling accurate recognition of Arabic sign language gestures. The proposed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architecture is designed to effectively capture the spatial features inherent in sign language gestures, thereby enhancing recognition accuracy. A distinctive aspect of our work involves the integration of a CNN architecture with a residual design, which effectively captures intricate spatial features inherent in sign language gestures, thereby enhancing recognition precision. The study leverages the ArSL2018 dataset, a comprehensive collection of grayscale sign language images with diverse lighting conditions and backgrounds. Our custom-built CNN model is trained on this dataset, utilizing a specialized learning rate scheduler for improved convergence. The experimental results showcase promising performance, demonstrating the potential of CNNs in sign language recognition. Furthermore, we present visualizations of the model's predictions using t-SNE, revealing the clustering patterns of different sign language gestures.
DeepHAR-Net: A Novel Machine Intelligence Approach for Human Activity Recognition from Inertial Sensors
Authors: Ali Ahmed M. , Abdelhafeez Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Human activity recognition (HAR) from inertial sensor data plays a pivotal role in various domains, such as healthcare, sports, and smart environments. In this paper, we present a groundbreaking approach, DeepHAR-Net, for enhancing the accuracy and robustness of human activity recognition using inertial sensor data. Traditional methods in this field often rely on handcrafted features and shallow models, which may struggle to capture the intricate patterns and nuances within complex activities. DeepHAR-Net overcomes these limitations by leveraging the power of deep learning to automatically learn hierarchical representations from raw sensor data. The proposed DeepHAR-Net architecture employs a novel combination of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. This fusion enables the model to effectively capture both spatial and temporal dependencies present in multi-dimensional sensor sequences. Additionally, we introduce a data augmentation strategy tailored to inertial sensor data, further enhancing the model's ability to generalize across variations in sensor placement and orientation. We rigorously evaluate DeepHAR-Net on benchmark datasets, comparing its performance against state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, outperforming existing techniques in various activity recognition scenarios. Notably, DeepHAR-Net showcases remarkable adaptability to different sensor configurations, showcasing its potential for real-world deployment in diverse applications.
Decision-supporting algorithms in the public sector: The influence on caseworkers’ discretionary assessment and reasoning
Authors: Næsborg-Andersen Ayo , Hammerslev Ole , Ullits Jøren
Published: September 2023

Caseworkers in the public administration must make decisions based on accurate and objective information and be able to explain their reasoning. They are increasingly relying on decision-supporting algorithms that prioritize output over reasoning. While these algorithms can streamline and improve workflows, they also challenge fundamental principles of legal certainty. Utilizing data from the ASTA report on caseworkers’ experiences with algorithms in risk assessments of newly unemployed individuals as a case, we examine how automation bias and the black box paradox can affect caseworkers’ reasoning and justification of decisions. While the decision-making process may become more efficient in handling large datasets, fundamental principles of the rule of law may be challenged.
Ethical perspectives on public top leadership of digitalization
Authors: Kristensen Kenneth
Published: September 2023

Digitalization of the public sector is here to stay, and it involves significant ethical dilemmas that the top management must actively address. This article offers an overview of ethical themes in digitalization and several concrete examples. The top management has the responsibility, power and opportunities, and it is therefore clear that there is no neutral position for the top management in relation to the use of digital technologies. The article argues that it is not enough for the top management to respect political priorities and involves public values among stakeholders. Based on communicative ethics, the top management must also seek insight into digitalization and formulate its own ethical stance in the digital dilemmas.
The impact of workplace characteristics on the quality of communication between medical personnel and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of doctors and nurses
Authors: Mazur Joanna , Kozakiewicz Alicja , Białorudzki Maciej , Izdebski Zbigniew
Published: September 2023

Cultural impact on the Polish and Ukrainian results of the TSIDAV vignette (Thrombocytopenia Symptoms Impact on patients Daily Activities Assessment Vignette) was analyzed. The impact of the disease symptoms was assessed using TSIDAV vignette and the main research was followed by the analysis related to the cultural impact on the results. The cultural impact analysis was based on Hofstede’s national culture model. 49 Ukrainian and 61 Polish patients participated. Mean Ukrainian TSIDAV value was 0.31 (SD 0.83). Gender values ranged <0 to -1.0, and according to the key for results interpretation it confirmed high disease impact on daily activities. Higher disease impact among men than among women (mean TSIDAV value 0.18, SD 0.95; and 0.44, SD 0.69 respectively). Mean Polish TDSIDAV value was 0.68 (SD 0.69). Among Polish women mean value was -0.85 (SD 0.54), within men mean -0.35 (SD 0.83). Applying G. Hofstede’s cultural model Ukrainian Power Distance score 92 reflects power holders societal distance. Low scores of Individualism and Masculinity dimensions. Uncertainty avoidance score 95, meaning feeling threatened by ambiguous situations. Long term orientation dimension score 86 reflects Ukrainian society pragmatism. Polish results shown hierarchical (scoring 68), individualist (score 60), masculine society (score 64). Avoidance dimension scores 93 in Poland, meaning avoiding uncertainty preference. Long Term Orientation dimension scored 38, defining more normative than pragmatic society.
Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infection: A Descriptive Study at Deido District Hospital in Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Tsatedem Faustin Atemkeng , J. Fondop , D. Bayol A. , Donfack J. H. , Djokam J. , Temgoua S. , Alain Djam C. , Magamba Kedy
Published: September 2023

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as infections occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation, or within one year if an implant is left in place after the procedure. Surgical site infection is classified by the american center for disease control (CDC) into superficial incisional surgical site infections SSI, deep incisional SSI and organ/space SSI.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of post-surgical site infections, assess the risk factors, determine the various and most microorganisms encountered and study the antibiotic sensitivity in post-surgical site infection after post-surgical site infection in Deido district hospital Douala.

Materials and Methods: we conducted a 3 months hospital based prospective study on general surgery, obstetric and gynecologic records admission at the Deido district Hospital Douala from February 1st 2020 to April 30th 2020. We included available files of the general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. We excluded paediatrics and medical. The study was approved by the institutional ethic review board of the faculty of health sciences of the university of Bamenda.

Results: We had 133 of post-surgical patients in general surgery, obstetric and gynecologic. The prevalence of post-surgical site infection was 32,3% (43/133). Male gender aged 50-60 years were more affected than female to developed SSI. Diabetes mellitus and immunodepression by the human immuno deficiency virus had respective prevalence of 48.1 and 81,8% and increased hosptal stay after operation. Peritonitis with perforation was the most involved (14%). The identified germs were Staphylococcus aureus (11,3%), followed by Escherichia coli (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,8%) and pseudomonas spp (3%). Staphylococcus aureus was sensible to vancomycin (73,33%), netilmicin, amikacin (6o%). Escherichia coli was sensible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, augmentin with a prevalence of 63,64%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensible to pristinacine (80%) and amikacin (60%). Pseudomonas spp was sensible to netilmicin, amikacin (75%) followed by gentamicin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin (50%).

Conclusion: The prevalence of Post-surgical site infection was high,  the clinical spectrum and bacterial  sensitivity was diverse.
The Effects of Asystasia vogeliana Benth. on Wistar Rat Liver Health, Kidney Function, and Lipid Profile
Authors: Godwin Anyim , Agbetoye Oluwatoyin Oluwapelumi , Adegoke Opeyemi Mutiu , Morakinyo Adetoun Elizabeth , Elusiyan Bunmi Regina , Akinpelu Bolajoko Ayinke
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study investigated the effects of long term consumption of A. vogeliana leaf on the liver health, kidney function, and lipid profile of female Wistar rats. This was with a view to assessing the safety and potential health effects of the plant extract.

Study Design:  The study employed in vivo animal model in Wistar rats.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between June 2019 and February 2020.

Methodology: Acute oral toxicity and LD50 were determined. Animals were randomized into three groups (n = 6) and treated as follows: Group 1 (normal control; distilled water), Group 2 (250 mg/kg), and Group 3 (500 mg/kg) for 21 days. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day and plasma was analyzed for liver-kidney biomarkers: aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Also, the lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol TC), triglyceride TG, high-density lipoprotein HDL, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol LDL), and atherogenic indices were determined.

Results: The result showed LD50 > 2000 mg/kg. A non-significant difference was observed in ALT activity, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea levels. Significant (p<0.05) elevations in AST and ALP, and a significant decrease in creatinine were observed in the treated group, suggesting detrimental effect on the kidney health. TC, TG, and LDL were significantly high, whereas HDL was significantly low in the treated group. Similarly, significant increases in non-HDL, atherogenic coefficient (Ac), coronary risk index-1 (CRI-1), and 2 (CRI-2), were observed in the treated groups, suggesting a likelihood for cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion: The study concluded that prolonged administration of A. vogeliana leaf impacted the kidneys and induced an elevated lipid profile and a sharp decrease in HDL. Therefore, prolonged use of A. vogeliana should be discouraged.
Analysis of Effects of Cultural Challenges Affecting the Wellbeing of Widowers: A Case of Selected Churches in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Fanuel Olege , Akoth Odero Everlyne
Published: September 2023

The loss of a wife is hugely a distressing experience presenting itself in form of tormenting unfriendly cultural challenges. The widowers experience anger, shock, denial, stress and loneliness affecting their wellness. An expression of these emotions is categorized as a weakness on their part. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of cultural challenges on the wellbeing of widowers for selected church congregations in Kakamega County. The target population was all widowers in Kakamega County. The source of data in this research was primary where data was collected using questionnaires from a sample of widowers in selected church congregations in Kakamega County. The study employed sample survey of data collection. Non-probability method of sampling was used. Those who volunteered formed the sample. Data collected was analyzed using Chi-squares to test the degree of relationship between variables of study and wellbeing of widowers. The results revealed that cultural challenges affected widowers’ wellness and their coping to new life. This study would help church leaders to develop programs to reduce stigma and enhance wellness among widowers.