bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مؤثریت و چالش‌های ناشی از تطبیق واکسین‌های بروسلوز در مجادله علیه بیماری در حیوانات و انسان‌ها
Authors: صمدی اسدالله
Published: January 2025

بروسلوز از جمله زونوزهای عمده و منتشر باکتریایی به شمار می‌رود که سالانه بیش از 500000 واقعات جدید انسانی آن در مناطق اندمیک رخ می‌دهد. سقط جنین و کاهش محصولات از جمله علایم عمده‌ی بروسلوز در حیوانات به شمار می‌روند، اما بیماری در انسان‌ها با علایم سیستمیک همراه است. باوجودی‌که واکسین مؤثر و مصوون بروسلوز برای انسان‌ها موجود نیست، اما تطبیق واکسین به‌ویژه توسط سترن‌های Rev-1 ، S19 و  RB51در حیوانات نشخوار‌کننده نقش بسیار مؤثر در کنترل بیماری در جمعیت‌های حیوانی و کاهش واقعات بروسلوز در جمعیت‌های انسانی داشته است. استفاده از این واکسین‌های زنده‌ی ضعیف‌شده با چالش‌هایی نیز همراه بوده و بعضاً سبب ایجاد عفونت و حتی بیماری کلینیکی در حیوانات و انسان‌هــا شده است. روی این ملحوظ تولید واکسین‌های مؤثر و مصوون بروسلوز برای انسان‌ها و حیوانات از جمله نیازمندی‌هـای عاجل صحی جهان به شمار می‌رود.
نگرشی بر تغییرات هورمونی و چرخه‌‌ی فحلی میش‌ها
Authors: زابلی جاهد
Published: January 2025

گوسفندان از جمله حیوانات چندفحلی فصلی اند و در فصل مناسب سال یعنی بهار، بره به دنیار می‌آورند. طول و فصلی جنسی در این حیوانات نظر به طول روز، نسل و تغذیه متغیر است. فعالیت جنسی فصلی آن با تغییر دوره‌ی نوری اداره شده که با کاهش نسبت روشنایی بر تاریکی آغاز می‌گردد. میش‌ها به سن ۶-۹ ماه‌گی به بلوغ رسیده، فحل شده و تخمک‌ریزی می‌کنند. طول چرخه‌ی فحلی آن‌ها ۱۷ روز (۱۴-۱۹ روز) است. چرخه‌ی فحلی آن‌ها شامل چهار مرحله؛ فحل، مت‌ایستروس، دای‌ایستروس و قبل از فحل، یا هم شامل دو مرحله؛ فولیکی و لوتیال می‌گردد. در بسیاری گوسفندان دو یا بیشتر از دو تخمک در جریان فحل آزاد می‌گردد. هرگاه حیوان جفت‌گیری کند و حامله گردد، غیر ‌فحل می‌گرددایستروس، در غیرآن چرخه‌ی فحلی در آن‌ها از فصل جنسی الی فصل غیر جنسی ادامه پیدا می‌کند.
Perbandingan Akurasi Algoritma C4.5 dan K-NN Untuk Prediksi Kelulusan Mahasiswa Penerima Beasiswa
Authors: Fakih Andrian , Hamzami Mohammad Alfi , Hadianto Muhammad Raihan , Alifah Najdah Ibtisamah Shafira
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Administrator Universitas dalam pengambilan keputusan penerima beasiswa. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan pemrograman dinamis untuk menggantikan pendekatan tradisional yang masih sering digunakan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perbandingan performa antara algoritma Decision Tree (C4.5) dan K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dalam mengklasifikasikan data penerima beasiswa. Data yang diperoleh adalah sekunder, yaitu data historis penerima beasiswa yang telah dikumpulkan oleh pihak universitas. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari pengumpulan dan pra-pemrosesan data, diikuti dengan penerapan algoritma C4.5 dan K-NN, serta evaluasi performa algoritma menggunakan metrik seperti akurasi, presisi, recall, dan AUC. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, algoritma Decision Tree (C4.5) menunjukkan akurasi sebesar 74,95%, presisi 20,9%, recall 77,1%, dan AUC sebesar 0,752. Sementara itu, algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor hanya mencapai akurasi 71,79%, presisi 39,0%, recall 45,3%, dan AUC sebesar 0,734. Dengan demikian, algoritma Decision Tree (C4.5) memiliki performa yang lebih baik dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan klasifikasi ini dibandingkan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor.
 
This research aims to analyze the problems faced by University Administrators in making decisions about scholarship recipients. The method used involves dynamic programming to replace the traditional approach which is still often used. This research focuses on the performance comparison between the Decision Tree (C4.5) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms in classifying scholarship recipient data. Data was obtained from secondary sources, specifically historical records of scholarship recipients. Based on test results, the Decision Tree algorithm (C4.5) shows an accuracy of 74.95%, precision of 20.9%, recall of 77.1%, and AUC of 0.752. Meanwhile, the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm only achieved 71.79% accuracy, 39.0% precision, 45.3% recall, and an AUC of 0.734. Thus, the Decision Tree algorithm (C4.5) performs better in solving this classification problem than the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm.
Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y Desarrollo de Competencias en Ciencias Sociales en el Nivel de la Básica Secundaria: un Análisis del Contexto Colombiano
Authors: Pérez Sáenz Luis Alberto
Published: January 2025

Esta revisión sistemática examina la efectividad del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) en el desarrollo de competencias en ciencias sociales en la educación básica secundaria, con énfasis en el contexto colombiano y las competencias evaluadas por el Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior (ICFES). Se analizaron estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2024 que abordan el ABP en la enseñanza de ciencias sociales, centrándose en el desarrollo de competencias y su aplicación en educación secundaria. Los participantes en los estudios revisados incluyen principalmente estudiantes de secundaria y sus docentes. La evidencia sugiere que el ABP es efectivo para desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y análisis histórico. Sin embargo, se identificó una brecha significativa en la investigación específica sobre el desarrollo de las competencias evaluadas por el ICFES en el contexto colombiano. Las limitaciones incluyen la escasez de estudios longitudinales y la falta de uniformidad en la medición de competencias. Se concluye que existe una necesidad urgente de investigación contextualizada sobre la aplicación del ABP para desarrollar las competencias específicas en ciencias sociales evaluadas en Colombia. Se requiere adaptar el ABP al contexto educativo colombiano, desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación alineados con las competencias del ICFES y realizar estudios longitudinales para evaluar su efectividad a largo plazo.
Rediseño de un local de agroquímicos aplicando la metodología SLP
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Edwars , Rodríguez Orea Elean , Johan Jahir Javier Castillo , María Alicia García Pineda María Alicia x , Hernández Morales Juan Alberto
Published: January 2025

La microempresa de Agroquímicos que forma parte del sector primario, se encuentra ubicada en la localidad de Vicente Camalote, Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa, Oaxaca. Esta presenta un incremento en su volumen de venta lo que le está permitiendo ser competitiva en el mercado regional. Sin embargo, se observa ineficiencia en la utilización de espacios disponibles en sus tres bodegas, excesivo desplazamiento de los operarios y congestión del flujo interno. Actualmente, esta compañía cuenta con una experiencia de 2 años en el mercado, su catálogo de venta se clasifica en productos agroquímicos y aspersores, la mayoría de sus productos son ofertados en un canal de distribución mayorista.  Se desarrolla la metodología systematic layout planning (SLP) la cual se implementa las siguientes etapas: 1) análisis del producto-cantidad, 2) análisis de recorridos de los productos, 3) análisis de las relaciones entre actividades y 4) desarrollo del diagrama relacional de actividades. Como resultado del estudio, se propone la redistribución de los cuatro espacios físicos que dispone el establecimiento, a partir del análisis de inventarios mediante la técnica ABC. Tras la aplicación de la metodología mencionada se obtiene como resultado un diagrama relacional de espacio donde se premia la cercanía de los productos vitales con el área de atención a clientes, así se reducen las distancias recorridas por los operarios; la organización se beneficia ya que se le proporcionó un layout con la distribución propuesta destacándose un mejor uso de las áreas en el local de ventas.
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: un análisis empírico en microempresas de servicios de la ciudad de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, México
Authors: Fuentes Rosas Liliana , Tobón Galicia Lucila Guadalupe , Rojas Mora Lot
Published: January 2025

Desde hace varias décadas, la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) parece ser una buena estrategia por parte de las organizaciones en pro de la solución a los problemas sociales sin perder de vista la rentabilidad. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar el nivel de RSE que ostentan las microempresas de servicios ubicadas en la ciudad de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, México y el efecto de este sobre el éxito competitivo de las mismas. Los investigadores realizaron un estudio descriptivo, no experimental (observacional), correlacional y transversal, bajo el paradigma cuantitativo a una muestra de 226 microempresas de servicios en la ciudad de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, México. Utilizaron dos instrumentos validados. El instrumento de RSE cuenta con 21 ítems y el de Éxito Competitivo con 10 ítems, ambos cuentan con escala Likert y con confiabilidad por arriba de 0.8 dada por el alfa de Cronbach. Para determinar el nivel de RSE se establecieron baremos tomando como referencia cuartiles. Se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Spearman para validar la relación entre RSE y éxito competitivo, y entre RSE y antigüedad de la empresa. Los resultados muestran que el 50 % de las microempresas de la muestra se ubicó en un nivel entre Q1 y Q3, lo que significa un valor por arriba del 25 % de los datos y por abajo del 75 % de los datos. Las pruebas muestran una relación entre RSE y éxito competitivo rs=0.671 y p< 0.001, al tener ese valor de p se puede decir que hay una relación alta; entre RSE y antigüedad de la empresa rs=-0.740 y p<0.009 (el valor de p denota una relación débil). Se concluye que el nivel del RSE que presentan las microempresas de servicio en Tierra Blanca es nivel medio y que hay una relación positiva alta entre RSE y éxito competitivo y una relación débil entre RSE y antigüedad de la empresa. Con estos hallazgos se tiene la base para fomentar acciones que robustezcan los conocimientos de los microempresarios de la localidad en pro de la RSE confiando que al hacerlo además de responder eficientemente a sus grupos de interés por añadidura fortalecerán su éxito competitivo.
Inteligencia Artificial - Algoritmos y Fundamentos I
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090514, Ecuador., Samaniego Franklin , Vanegas Gloria ,   Instituto Superior Tecnológico Bolívar, Ambato 180102, Ecuador.
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo realiza una breve descripción básica en términos matemáticos y algorítmicos de diversos conceptos implicados en la Inteligencia artificial “I.A.”. El enfoque de este texto está orientado hacia estudiantes, docentes y profesionales que desean incurrir en el estudio de la I.A.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Pemahaman Seks Bebas pada Siswa MA Attaqwa 08 Bekasi
Authors: Ghazali Maghfur
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan media sosial terhadap pemahaman seks bebas pada siswa MA Attaqwa 08 Bekasi. Survei dilakukan terhadap 78 responden yang terdiri dari 33 laki-laki dan 45 perempuan berusia 14-19 tahun, dengan mayoritas ibu mereka (69 orang) tidak bekerja menggunakan metode penelitian survei kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. 
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh media sosial terhadap siswa dan tingkat pengetahuan mereka tentang seks bebas berada dalam kategori cukup. Sebanyak 59% responden menilai bahwa pengaruh media sosial terhadap mereka berada pada interval 60%-80%, sementara 58% responden menilai tingkat pengetahuan mereka tentang seks bebas berada pada interval 56%-75%.
Jika diukur dengan nilai akademis, variabel pengaruh media sosial terhadap siswa mendapatkan nilai C plus, sementara variabel tingkat pengetahuan tentang seks bebas mendapatkan nilai C minus. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya perhatian lebih dalam mengawasi penggunaan media sosial serta meningkatkan pendidikan seksual yang akurat dan komprehensif bagi remaja.
Analysis of Energy Dissipation in Functionally Graded Beams with Visco-Elastic Behaviour
Authors: Rizov Victor
Published: January 2025

Energy dissipation in functionally graded beam structures with visco-elastic behaviour
is analyzed. Different laws for variation of the modulus of elasticity along the thickness are
considered. Visco-elastic behaviour is modelled by using a model representing a combination
of springs and visco-elastic elements. Energy dissipation is analyzed also in beams with non-
linear visco-elastic behaviour.
Technology of Production of Land Surveying Plots
Authors: Tojidinova Farangiz Merojidinovna  , Hamdamova Dinora Olim Qizi
Published: January 2025

In this article considers the technology of production of land surveying, which includes the geodetic and cartographic foundations of the GCF, coordinate systems with certain parameters for their transition to a single state coordinate system, various technologies for performing cadastral surveys, calculating the area of the land plot, control of geodetic measurements. The research method used is a quantitative juridical research method, which is directed at finding the normative accuracy of land parcels that must meet statutory requirements. The results of this research explain that there are three ways to carry out a cadastral survey and normative accuracy surveys based on land gradations. Thus, each established land survey plots production technology must meet the requirements of statutory regulations, such as civil law, land regulations, forestry regulations, water regulations, urban planning regulations and other requirements for land plots established in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
درجة معرفة وتوظيف معلمي الاجتماعيات لمبادئ النظرية البنائية
Authors: البدجي سعاد محمد ناجي
Published: January 2025

ملخص:
   هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد درجة معرفة وتوظيف معلمي الاجتماعيات لمبادئ النظرية البنائية، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (29) معلما ومعلمة من معلمي الاجتماعيات، ولتحقيق الهدف من الدراسة أعدت الباحثة استبانة لقياس معرفة المعلمين لمبادئ النظرية البنائية، وتكونت من عشرة فقرات،  وبطاقة ملاحظة الأداء لقياس مدى توظيفهم لمبادئ النظرية البنائية، وتكونت من خمسة مجالات وهي(المعرفة السابقة للمتعلمين أساس في عملية التعلم، تعلم  لاجتماعيات عملية بنائية نشطة، يحدث التعلم عندما يحدث تغيير في بنية الفرد المعرفية، تعلم  الاجتماعيات مرتبطة بحياة التلاميذ، عملية التعلم تتم عبر الحوار الاجتماعي).
 وقد أظهرت الدراسة:

أن معرفة معلمي الاجتماعيات لمبادئ النظرية البنائية كانت بدرجة كبيرة في حين لم تظهر فروق دالة إحصائيا في معرفتهم تعز لمتغير ( النوع الاجتماعي، والمؤهل الدراسي).
أن توظيف معلمي الاجتماعيات لمبادئ النظرية البنائية كانت متوسطة، ولم تظهر فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في توظيف معلمي الاجتماعيات لمبادئ النظرية البنائية تعزى لمتغير النوع، في حين ظهرت فروق دالة تعزى لمتغير المؤهل الدراسي.
تجليات الموقف النقدي في الخطاب الشعري عند أبي العلاء المعري،
Authors: القبيسي أيمن علي جاسر
Published: January 2025

ملخص:
   يسعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة العلاقة بين المواقف النقدية عند أبي العلاء وخطابه الشعري، وكيف تشكلت هذه الرؤية النقدية في اللزوميات، وما مدى تمثلها شعريا عند المعري.
   لقد جمع المعري في مؤلفاته بين التأليف الأدبي شعرا ونثرا والممارسة النقدية، فجاءت نظراته النقدية وممارسته التطبيقية موزعة في مؤلفاته الأدبية، وفي شروحه لنصوصه ونصوص الشعراء الآخرين الذين تصدى لدراسة شعرهم وتحقيقه.
   وصل الباحث في دراسته إلى نتائج يمكن أن تكون مدخلا لدراسات في فضاءات أرحب، ومن تلك النتائج أن خطاب اللزوميات جاء نتيجة لفكر نقدي امتد عبر كثير من المؤلفات الأدبية والنقدية، بعد أن مر بتحولات، وتعرض لمراجعات، كانت خلاصتها الوصول إلى هذا النموذج الشعري المختلف، فرؤية المعري لطبيعة الشعر، وموقفه من المتلقي، وتبنيه لدراسة الأسلوب، فضلا عن موقفه الأخلاقي من الشعر وأنساقه ووظائفه، كل ذلك جاء ممثلا في الخطاب الشعري للزوميات.
الاضطرابات الفكرية في تعدد الأوجه الإعرابية
Authors: البلوشي يحيى بن محمد بن عبدالله
Published: January 2025

وقف الباحث على جملة من الشواهد النحوية غير المستأنسة من الفترة التي شهدت نشأة النحو وتقعيده إلى القرن الرابع الهجري، وذلك في مسألة تعدد الأوجه الإعرابية في المسألة الواحدة؛ إذ يرى فيها اضطرابًا بيِّنًا، موضِّحا أسباب ذلك الاضطراب وبواعثه التي تتجلى في القياس ونظرية العامل وتعدد صور التعبير، وسُبل تفاديها؛ إذ إن التعدد كان وما يزال سببًا في إثراء العربية وإغنائها ما لم يجاوز الحد المستساغ.
 
The researcher investigated a group of unfamiliar grammatical evidence since the period of originating and putting the rules of Arabic grammar (Nahw) in the fourth Hijri century, regarding the multiple parsing modes in a single parsing issue. He noticed a clear confusion. Therefore, he clarified the reasons and justifications for that confusion which were the deduction method, the Factor Theory, and meaning diversity of an expression, as well as addressing the ways of avoiding them. However, multiplicity was and is still a reason for enriching Arabic language as long as exaggeration is avoided.
الدَّهْر الشِّعريّ عند الشَّاعر العُماني أبي مسلم البَهْلانيّ
Authors: البريكي هلال بن عبد الله بن علي
Published: January 2025

هناك دراساتٌ كثيرة فيما يخصُّ المعاني الشِّعريَّة التي يتكئُ عليها الشَّاعر للوصول إلى غرضه الشِّعريّ، من تلك المعاني الشِّعريَّة الدَّهْر، وتتعدُّد صور الدَّهْر الشِّعريّ في قصائد الشُّعراء، فهم في غالب الأحيان يصورونه على أنَّه ذلك الشيء الذي يجلب المصاعب والمصائب لصاحبه وصولاً إلى درجة الشَّكوى وتمنِّي الخلاص منه؛ ولكنَّ الدَّهْر الشِّعريّ في أحيان أخرى قد يعكس تلك الصورة تماماً ليشكِّل ثنائية تحيد بالقارئ والمتذوق بعيداً عن النَّظرة السَّائدة عنه، من هنا ارتأينا دراسة هذه الفكرة معتمدين على مدونة الشَّاعر العُماني أبي مسلم البَهْلانيّ؛ لأنَّه في نظرنا يشكِّل هذه الثنائية التي قلَّما نجدها مع شعراء آخرين، مع تتبع بعض معاني الدَّهْر الشِّعريّ في بعض العصور الأدبيَّة وفق المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي. وقد خلُص البحث إلى وجود تعدُّدية لصور الدَّهْر ومرادفاته في الأغراض الشِّعرية عند أبي مسلم الأمر الذي يشي بوجود علاقة وطيدة بينهما، إضافة إلى توظيف أبي مسلم لمعاني الدَّهْر وصوره في معنى إعلاء مكانة الممدوح وافتخاره بقومه. ويوصي البحث بإجراء دراسة مقارنة مستفيضة للدَّهْر عند شعراء ضمن عصر الشَّاعر وصولاً إلى معانيه الشِّعرية ومقارنتها بالمعاني الشِّعرية عند الشَّاعر أبي مسلم البَهْلانيّ.
 
Numerous researches have been conducted on the utilization of poetic meanings by poets to accomplish their intended poetic objectives. One of the poetic themes explored in poetry is the notion of "time," which is portrayed in diverse manners within the works of different poets. Frequently, poets depict time as the primary catalyst for adversities and challenges faced by individuals, resulting in the manifestation of grievances and a need for liberation from its constraints. Nevertheless, there are certain cases where the poetic notion of time might have a distinct manifestation, thereby presenting a challenge to both the reader and the expert to reassess the dominant viewpoint. Within the present framework, our research endeavors are to examine this concept, with an emphasis on the literary works of Abi Muslim Al-Bahlani, an Omani poet. We contend that Al-Bahlani offers a distinctive viewpoint on this dichotomy, which is hardly encountered in the works of other poets. This research employs a descriptive and analytical method to examine the diverse poetic interpretations of time across various literary epochs. The research findings indicate a substantial correlation between diverse imagery and synonyms for time in poetry contexts, as seen by Abi Muslim Al-Bahlani. Moreover, Abi Muslim utilizes the concepts and representations of time to enhance the standing of the topic being lauded and to convey a sense of pride in his community. The study proposes the undertaking of a comprehensive comparative analysis of the notion of time within the works of poets during the age of Abi Muslim Al-Bahlani. This analysis would involve an exploration of the poetic interpretations of time and a comparison of these interpretations with those found in the poetry of Abi Muslim Al-Bahlani.
مُقَارَنَة بَيْن منهجي الإمام الموزعي في تفسيره تَيْسِير الْبَيَان لِأَحْكَام الْقُرْآن، وَالْإِمَام الصَّابُونِيّ فِي تفسيره روائع الْبَيَان فِي تَفْسِير آيَات الأَحْكَام
Authors: النهاري عادل علي
Published: January 2025

تهدف هَذِه الدِّرَاسَة الْمَوْسُومَة بـ(مُقَارَنَة بَيْن منهجي الإمام الموزعي في تفسيره تَيْسِير الْبَيَان لِأَحْكَام الْقُرْآن، وَالْإِمَام الصَّابُونِيّ فِي تفسيره روائع الْبَيَان فِي تَفْسِير آيَات الأَحْكَام) إِلَى إيضَاح وَبَيَان منهجي الْإِمَامَيْن في تفسيرهما، حَيْث يَتَكَوَّن الْبَحْث مَن ثلاثة مَبَاحِث وَخَاتِمَة، عَرَّفنا فِيْه بالإمامين من خلال كتابيهما تيسير البيان لأحكام القرآن و روائع البيان في تفسير آيات الأحكام، وبيان بعض قواعد التفسير عند الإمامين والتعليق عليها وبيان منهجهما في التفسير ووجوه الاتفاق والاختلاف ثم أبرز النتائج والتوصيات.
Correlation Between Plantar Fascia Thickness and Other Variables in Women Diagnosed with Plantar Fasciopathy
Authors: Montes-Salas Ruben , Mahillo-Durán Ramon , Gomez-Carrion Alvaro , Gomez-Aguilar Estela , Camunas-Nieves Gabriel , Castillo-Lopez Jose Manuel
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between plantar fascia (PF) thickness and various factors including pain, function, anthropometric parameters, and other variables in women diagnosed with plantar fasciopathy. Methods: A total of 37 feet from female patients were randomly selected for this investigation. Utilizing ultrasound, the thickness of the PF was meticulously measured. Subsequently, the correlation between PF thickness and several factors such as pain intensity, functional impairment, height, age, weight, biconvexity of the plantar fascia, duration of the disease, recurrence of plantar fasciopathy, and daily activity levels were analyzed. Results: The findings of this study unveiled a significant positive correlation between PF thickness and several parameters. Specifically, there was a notable correlation with pain intensity, where increased thickness corresponded to heightened pain levels. Additionally, PF thickness exhibited positive associations with height, age, and weight, indicating that these anthropometric factors may influence PF thickness. Moreover, the biconvexity of the plantar fascia, disease duration, and recurrence of plantar fasciopathy showed correlations with PF thickness, suggesting potential implications for disease progression and management. Furthermore, the study identified a relationship between PF thickness and daily activity levels, underscoring the impact of physical exertion on PF health. Notably, the presence of hyperemia in the plantar fascia, as determined by power Doppler ultrasound, also showed a correlation with PF thickness, highlighting potential vascular implications in plantar fasciopathy.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted relationship between PF thickness and various clinical parameters in women with plantar fasciopathy. Understanding these correlations may aid in the development of more targeted and effective management strategies for this debilitating condition.
Efficient coding in biophysically realistic excitatory-inhibitory spiking networks
Authors: Koren Veronika , Blanco Malerba Simone , Schwalger Tilo , Panzeri Stefano
Published: January 2025

The principle of efficient coding posits that sensory cortical networks are designed to encode maximal sensory information with minimal metabolic cost. Despite the major influence of efficient coding in neuroscience, it has remained unclear whether fundamental empirical properties of neural network activity can be explained solely based on this normative principle. Here, we derive the structural, coding, and biophysical properties of excitatory-inhibitory recurrent networks of spiking neurons that emerge directly from imposing that the network minimizes an instantaneous loss function and a time-averaged performance measure enacting efficient coding. We assumed that the network encodes a number of independent stimulus features varying with a time scale equal to the membrane time constant of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The optimal network has biologically-plausible biophysical features, including realistic integrate-and-fire spiking dynamics, spike-triggered adaptation, and a non-specific excitatory external input. The excitatory-inhibitory recurrent connectivity between neurons with similar stimulus tuning implements feature-specific competition, similar to that recently found in visual cortex. Networks with unstructured connectivity cannot reach comparable levels of coding efficiency. The optimal ratio of excitatory vs inhibitory neurons and the ratio of mean inhibitory-to-inhibitory vs excitatory-to-inhibitory connectivity are comparable to those of cortical sensory networks. The efficient network solution exhibits an instantaneous balance between excitation and inhibition. The network can perform efficient coding even when external stimuli vary over multiple time scales. Together, these results suggest that key properties of biological neural networks may be accounted for by efficient coding.
Antidepressant Use and Risk of Manic Episodes in Children and Adolescents With Unipolar Depression
Authors: Virtanen Suvi , Lagerberg Tyra , Takami Lageborn Christine , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Brikell Isabell , Matthews Anthony A. , Lichtenstein Paul , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Landén Mikael , Chang Zheng
Published: September 2023

Importance

Antidepressants are increasingly prescribed to pediatric patients with unipolar depression, but little is known about the risk of treatment-emergent mania. Previous research suggests pediatric patients may be particularly vulnerable to this adverse outcome.

Objective

To estimate whether pediatric patients treated with antidepressants have an increased incidence of mania/hypomania compared with patients not treated with antidepressants and to identify patient characteristics associated with the risk of mania/hypomania.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In a cohort study applying the target trial emulation framework, nationwide inpatient and outpatient care in Sweden from July 1, 2006, to December 31, 2019, was evaluated. Follow-up was conducted for 12 and 52 weeks after treatment initiation, with administrative follow-up ending December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed between May 1, 2022, and June 28, 2023. Individuals aged 4 to 17 years with a diagnosis of depression, but without a prior diagnosis of mania/hypomania, bipolar disorder, or psychosis or treatment with mood stabilizer (lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine), prescriptions were included.

Exposures

The treatment group included patients who initiated any antidepressant medication within 90 days of diagnosis. The control group included patients who did not initiate antidepressants within 90 days.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Diagnosis of mania/hypomania or initiation of mood stabilizer therapy. Incidences were estimated with Kaplan-Meier estimator, and inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for group differences at baseline.

Results

The cohort included 43 677 patients (28 885 [66%] girls); 24 573 in the treatment group and 19 104 in the control group. The median age was 15 (IQR, 14-16) years. The outcome occurred in 96 individuals by 12 weeks and in 291 by 52 weeks. The cumulative incidence of mania was 0.26% (95% CI, 0.19%-0.33%) in the treatment group and 0.20% (95% CI, 0.13%-0.27%) in the control group at 12 weeks, with a risk difference of 0.06% (95% CI, −0.04% to 0.16%). At 52 weeks, the cumulative incidence was 0.79% (95% CI, 0.68%-0.91%) in the treatment group and 0.52% (95% CI, 0.40%-0.63%) in the control group (risk difference, 0.28%; 95% CI, 0.12%-0.44%). Hospitalizations, parental bipolar disorder, and use of antipsychotics and antiepileptics were the most important predictors of mania/hypomania by 12 weeks.

Conclusion

This cohort study found no evidence of treatment-emergent mania/hypomania by 12 weeks in children and adolescents. This corresponds to the time frame for antidepressants to exert their psychotropic effect. A small risk difference was found only with longer follow-up. Certain patient characteristics were associated with mania/hypomania, which warrants clinical attention.
Selective Interfacial Excited‐State Carrier Dynamics and Efficient Charge Separation in Borophene‐Based Heterostructures
Authors: Kang Yuchong , Yang Kun , Fu Jing , Wang Zongguo , Li Xuao , Lu Zhiqiang , Zhang Jia , Li Haibo , Zhang Jin , Ma Wei
Published: September 2023

Borophene‐based van der Waals heterostructures have demonstrated enormous potential in the realm of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, which has sparked a wide range of interest. However, a thorough understanding of the microscopic excited‐state electronic dynamics at interfaces is lacking, which is essential for determining the macroscopic optoelectronic and photovoltaic performance of borophene‐based devices. In this study, photoexcited carrier dynamics of β12, χ3, and α΄ borophene/MoS2 heterostructures are systematically studied based on time‐domain nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Different Schottky contacts are found in borophene/semiconductor heterostructures. The interplay between Schottky barriers, electronic coupling, and the involvement of different phonon modes collectively contribute to the unique carrier dynamics in borophene‐based heterostructures. The diverse borophene allotropes within the heterostructures exhibit distinct and selective carrier transfer behaviors on an ultrafast timescale: electrons tunnel into α΄ borophene with an ultrafast transfer rate (≈29 fs) in α΄/MoS2 heterostructures, whereas β12 borophene only allows holes to migrate with a lifetime of 176 fs. The feature enables efficient charge separation and offers promising avenues for applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. This study provides insight into the interfacial carrier dynamics in borophene‐based heterostructures, which is helpful in further design of advanced 2D boron‐based optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Quantitative Description of Metal Center Organization and Interactions in Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Rossi Kevin , Ruiz‐Ferrando Andrea , Akl Dario Faust , Abalos Victor Gimenez , Heras‐Domingo Javier , Graux Romain , Hai Xiao , Lu Jiong , Garcia‐Gasulla Dario , López Nuria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Mitchell Sharon
Published: September 2023

Ultra‐high‐density single‐atom catalysts (UHD‐SACs) present unique opportunities for harnessing cooperative effects between neighboring metal centers. However, the lack of tools to establish correlations between the density, types, and arrangements of isolated metal atoms and the support surface properties hinders efforts to engineer advanced material architectures. Here, this work precisely describes the metal center organization in various mono‐ and multimetallic UHD‑SACs based on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) supports by coupling transmission electron microscopy with tailored machine‐learning methods (released as a user‐friendly web app) and density functional theory simulations. This approach quantifies the non‐negligible presence of multimers with increasing atom density, characterizes the size and shape of these low‑nuclearity clusters, and identifies surface atom density criteria to ensure isolation. Further, it provides previously inaccessible experimental insights into coordination site arrangements in the NC host, uncovering a repulsive interaction that influences the disordered distribution of metal centers in UHD‐SACs. This observation holds in multimetallic systems, where chemically‐specific analysis quantifies the degree of intermixing. These fundamental insights into the materials chemistry of single‐atom catalysts are crucial for designing catalytic systems with superior reactivity.
Predictors of real‐world adherence to prescribed home exercise in older patients with a risk of falling: A prospective observational study
Authors: Teng Bernadine , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Hatton Anna L. , Khan Asaduzzaman , Brauer Sandra G.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Using a multi‐ethnic Asian population, this study assessed adherence to prescribed home exercise programs, explored factors predicting adherence, and evaluated whether home exercise adherence was associated with physical activity.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 68 older adults (aged ≥65 years) from two geriatric outpatient clinics in Singapore, who were receiving tailored home exercises while undergoing 6 weeks of outpatient physical therapy for falls prevention. Adherence was measured as the percentage of prescribed sessions completed. Predictor variables included sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, intervention‐specific factors, and physical and psychosocial measures. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to develop a model that best predicted adherence to prescribed exercise. Physical activity levels, measured by accelerometry, were analyzed by cross‐sectional univariate analysis at 6 weeks.

Results

The mean adherence rate was 65% (SD 34.3%). In the regression model, the number of medications [B = 0.360, 95% CI (0.098–0.630)], social support for exercising [B = 0.080, 95% CI (0.015–0.145)], and self‐efficacy for exercising [B = −0.034, 95% CI (−0.068–0.000)] significantly explained 31% (R2 = 0.312) of the variance in exercise adherence. Older adults with better adherence took more steps/day at 6 weeks [B = 0.001, 95% CI (0.000–0.001)].

Conclusions

Low adherence to home exercise programs among older adults in Singapore, emphasizing the need for improvement. Counterintuitively, older adults with more medications, lower exercise self‐efficacy, but with greater social support demonstrated higher adherence. Addressing unmet social support needs is crucial for enhancing adherence rates and reducing fall risks.
Using IoT Smart Basketball and Wristband Motion Data to Quantitatively Evaluate Action Indicators for Basketball Shooting
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Wang Xiaoai , Li Jian , Li Weishi , Sun Zhiwei , Jiang Meilun , Zhang Wenyan , Wang Zhiping , Chen Meng , Li Wen Jung
Published: September 2023

Traditional approaches to improving basketball players’ shooting skills rely on coaches’ experience in adjusting players’ biomechanical motions. However, such an approach cannot provide specific instructions or facilitate immediate feedback for improvement of the shooting motion. In this article, a method is presented to quantitatively evaluate four key action indicators of shooting basketballs using a machine‐learning model based on Bayesian optimization of a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). Important motion data for the model are collected by micro‐inertial measurement units embedded in a wrist motion sensor and an internet of things (IoT) smart basketball. Basketball shooting motion data are collected from 16 subjects and used for model training and data testing, and four important action indicators that influence the shot quality are selected for quantitative assessment. The LightGBM model is then developed for the regression prediction of the four action indicators of shooting. In the results, it is indicated that for an individual player, the highest correlation scores of the four indexes range from 97.6% to 99.3%. The proposed approach for quantitatively assessing shooting indexes can provide objective and data‐based guidance to improve players’ shooting performance. Foreseeably, the prediction model can be embedded into a chip of a wearable device to evaluate the real‐time shot quality quantitatively.
Visible Light Responsive Dinuclear Zinc Complex Consisting of Proximally Arranged Two d10‐Zinc Centers**
Authors: Wada Yoshimasa , Maruchi Takahiro , Ishii Reon , Sunada Yusuke
Published: September 2023

So far, Zn(II)‐based d10 complexes have been known to be colorless unless they are accompanied by chromophoric groups, and therefore both fundamental and advanced photophysical performance of Zn centers of complexes, especially in visible‐light regions has been unexplored. Here, we first demonstrate a dinuclear Zn(II) complex that shows visible light absorption using an orbital distributed over closely contacted two Zn centers experimentally determined by X‐ray crystallography. A contrastive study demonstrated that intermetallic orbital interaction in dinuclear Zn(II) complex is responsible for capturing visible light to exhibit orangish yellow color, whereas an analogous one without such an interaction is colorless. This work demonstrates that introduction of Zn−Zn interactions to Zn(II) molecules contradicts the common notion that Zn is unresponsive to visible light and expands the photophysical field of zinc chemistry.
A Reversible Six‐Electron Transfer Cathode for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yan Zichao , Li Junwei , Liu Hongguang , Zhang Hui , Xi Shibo , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2023

The electrochemical reactions for the storage of Zn2+ while embracing more electron transfer is a foundation of the future high‐energy aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, we report a six‐electron transfer electrochemistry of nano‐sized TeO2/C (n‐TeO2/C) cathode by facilitating the reversible conversion of TeO2↔Te and Te↔ZnTe. Benefitting from the integrated conductive nanostructure and the proton‐rich environment in providing optimized electrochemical kinetics (facilitated Zn2+ uptake and high electronic conductivity) and feasible thermodynamic process (low Gibbs free energy change), the as‐prepared n‐TeO2/C with stable cycling performance exhibits a superior reversible capacity of over 800 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. A precise understanding of the reaction mechanism via ex situ and in situ characterizations presents that the reversible six‐electron transfer reaction is proton‐dependent, and a proton generating and consuming mechanism of three‐phase conversion n‐TeO2/C in the weakly acidic electrolyte is thoroughly revealed.
Orange peels and Chlorella vulgaris supplementation ameliorate gamma radiation‐induced oxidative stress by regulating TGF‐β and NOX2/NOX4 signaling pathways
Authors: Abdelrahman Abour M. , Mohammed Asmaa A. , Badawy Monda M. M. , EL bassuony Walaa I.
Published: September 2023

Numerous studies revealed that Chlorella vulgaris and orange peels are potential sources for many valuable compounds such as flavonoids, which are natural polyphenols with antioxidant capacities that lessen oxidative stress via suppressing ROS levels. Thus, this study was designed to investigate their radioprotective efficiency either alone or in combination as natural food supplements. Sixty‐four male Albino rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8) as follows: control, orange peel (10% in diet), C. vulgaris (1% in diet), orange peel + C. vulgaris, gamma irradiated (2Gy twice per week up to 8Gy), orange peel + gamma irradiation, C. vulgaris + gamma irradiation, and orange peel + C. vulgaris + gamma irradiation. After the experiment, blood serums were collected for biochemical analysis, whole bloods were collected for blood picture, bone marrows were collected for GSH, MDA, TGF‐β, NOX2 and NOX4, and liver tissues were collected for histopathological evaluation. Current study revealed that exposure to gamma irradiation induced a significant disturbance in liver function markers (ALT and AST), kidney function markers (urea and creatinine), cholesterol and triglycerides levels in serum. In addition, a significant decrease in WBCs, RBCs, PLT, and Hb in blood of irradiated rats. Moreover, a significant elevation in TGF‐β, NOX2, NOX4 activities, and MDA level, while showed a marked decrease in GSH concentration. Furthermore, hepatic inflammation appeared in the histopathological examination. Orange peels or C. vulgaris treatments showed acceptable amelioration in all measured parameters, combination between orange peels and C. vulgaris showed statistically significant additive amelioration in radiation induced disturbance.
Gas‐Phase Alkali‐Metal Cation Affinities of Stabilized Enolates
Authors: Eisele Niklas F. , Rahrt Rene , Giachanou Lamprini , Shikho Fadi , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: September 2023

The chemistry of alkali‐metal enolates is dominated by ion pairing. To improve our understanding of the intrinsic interactions between the alkali‐metal cations and the enolate anions, we have applied Cooks’ kinetic method to determine relative M+ (M=Li, Na, K) affinities of the stabilized enolates derived from acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, ethyl cyanoacetate, 2‐cyanoacetamide, and methyl malonate monoamide in the gas phase. Quantum chemical calculations support the experimental results and moreover afford insight into the structures of the alkali‐metal enolate complexes. The affinities decrease with increasing size of the alkali‐metal cations, reflecting weaker electrostatic interactions and lower charge densities of the free M+ ions. For the different enolates, a comparison of their coordinating abilities is complicated by the fact that some of the free anions undergo conformational changes resulting in stabilizing intramolecular interactions. If these complicating effects are disregarded, the M+ affinities correlate with the electron density of the chelating functionalities, that is, the carbonyl and/or the nitrile groups of the enolates. A comparison with the known association constants of the corresponding alkali‐metal enolates in solution points to the importance of solvation effects for these systems.
Prediction of Strong Solvatochromism in a Molecular Photocatalyst**
Authors: Putra Miftahussurur Hamidi , Bagemihl Benedikt , Rau Sven , Groß Axel
Published: September 2023

Based on quantum chemical calculations, we predict strong solvatochromism in a light‐driven molecular photocatalyst for hydrogen generation, that is we show that the electronic and optical properties of the photocatalyst strongly depend on the solvent it is dissolved in. Our calculations in particular indicate a solvent‐dependent relocation of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Ground‐state density functional theory and linear response time‐dependent density functional theory calculations were applied in order to investigate the influence of implicit solvents on the structural, electronic and optical properties of a molecular photocatalyst. Only at high dielectric constants of the solvent, is the HOMO located at the metal center of the photosensitizer, whereas at low dielectric constants the HOMO is centered at the metal atom of the catalytically active complex. We elucidate the electronic origins of this strong solvatochromic effect and sketch the consequences of these insights for the use of photocatalysts in different environments.
Separation of CTCs from WBCs using DEP‐assisted inertial manipulation: A numerical study
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Raihan , Sarowar Md Tanbir , Chen Xiaolin
Published: September 2023

Isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold significant importance for the early diagnosis of cancer and the assessment of therapeutic strategies. However, the scarcity of CTCs among peripheral blood cells presents a major challenge to their detection. Additionally, a similar size range between CTCs and white blood cells (WBCs) makes conventional microfluidic platforms inadequate for the isolation of CTCs. To overcome these challenges, in this study, a novel inertial‐dielectrophoretic microfluidic channel for size‐independent, single‐stage separation of CTCs from WBCs has been presented. The proposed device utilizes a spiral microchannel embedded with interdigitated electrodes. A numerical model is developed and validated to investigate the influence of various parameters related to the channel design, fluid flow, and electrode configuration. It was found that optimal separation of CTCs could be obtained at a relatively low voltage, termed the critical voltage. Furthermore, at the critical voltage of 7.5 V, the hybrid microchannel is demonstrated to be capable of separating CTCs from different WBC subtypes including granulocytes, monocytes, T‐, and B‐lymphocytes. The unique capabilities of the hybrid spiral microchannel allow for this size‐independent isolation of CTCs from a mixture of WBCs. Overall, the proposed technique can be readily utilized for continuous and high‐throughput separation of cancer cells.
ScRNA‐seq revealed disruption in CD8+ NKG2A+ natural killer T cells in patients after liver transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Fang Yuan , Bian CongWen , Li ZhiTao , Jin Li , Chen ChuHong , Miao YingLei , Huang HanFei , Zeng Zhong
Published: September 2023

Background

Liver transplantation (LT) offers a good survival chance for both the patient in short or long term, but still faces many challenges in the treatment of LT, such as the side effects associated with long‐term immunosuppression, which is one of the side effects that occurs in most patients. However, the dynamics of the cellular immune system composition over time during immune tolerance to LT after immunosuppressive therapy are not known.

Methods

Using single‐cell transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed five peripheral blood samples (one normal individual and four patients who underwent LT and received immunosuppressive therapy for 2 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 7 years, respectively) for immune cell composition and gene expression.

Results

A total of 17,462 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were acquired from a normal individual without LT and patients who underwent LT and received immunosuppressive therapy for 2 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 7 years, respectively. A total of 24 cell clusters were obtained and categorized into four different cell types based on gene expression characteristics as follows: eight clusters of T cells, two clusters of B cells, two clusters of neutrophils, two clusters of monocytes, natural killer cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells (n = 4), and six other cell clusters. Cell subset analysis, pseudotime analysis, and intercellular communication analysis revealed that the CD8+ NKT cells specifically expressed NKG2A (KLRC1, CD159A), which may be an important cell group for CD8+ NKG2A+ NKT cells in LT, thereby highlighting the heterogeneity and functional diversity in patients who undergo LT.

Conclusions

We comprehensively analyzed single‐cell RNA sequencing data from a normal individual and patients who underwent LT and elucidated the mechanism underlying the development of immune tolerance in LT. CD8+ NKT cells specifically expressing KLRC1 play a crucial role in LT, and dynamic monitoring of these cells may provide novel avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of LT‐related immune rejection.
Digital Engineering Enablers for Systems Engineering in Early‐Stage Research and Development
Authors: Granados Arno , Tseng Celia
Published: September 2023

Robust systems engineering is perceived as an unnecessary cost and schedule burden when the goal is proof of concept in an early‐stage project (TRL 1‐5). In reality the majority of industry, as opposed to academic, early‐stage research and development (ESR&D) efforts are generally not “pure research”, but instead focus on technology development for the purpose of technology transition to applied development and technology insertion into new or existing products. To overcome the barriers, an early and active end‐user focused system engineering approach is needed to build the use cases to support the transition from fundamental research to applied development. Digital engineering (DE) enablers can lower the transition investment cost through the use of agile methodologies, reference architectures, and model‐based design and manufacturing capabilities. End‐to‐end digital continuity from ESR&D to manufacturing and sustainment facilitates early discoveries of transition risks, which enable informed decision‐making to mitigate pitfalls leading to the “valley of death.”

This article leverages efforts associated with Industry 4.0, digital engineering transformation and INCOSE working group efforts to illustrate how a systems engineering approach based on DE concepts facilitates rapid instantiation of key systems engineering process and elements in ESR&D projects. This approach is both enabling to foundational ESR&D efforts, and transformational in building a bridge across the valley of death to foster success in technology transition to product. An agnostic tool, standards‐based framework is presented, and specific tools are used to illustrate ESR&D transformation.