bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiparametric MRI-Targeted TRUS Prostate Biopsies Using Visual Registration
Authors: Puech Philippe , Ouzzane Adil , Gaillard Vianney , Betrouni Nacim , Renard Benoit , Villers Arnauld , Lemaitre Laurent
Published: December 2014

Prebiopsy multiparametric prostate MRI (mp-MRI), followed by transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS-G) target biopsies (TB) of the prostate is a key combination for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancers (CSPCa), to avoid prostate cancer (PCa) overtreatment. Several techniques are available for guiding TB to the suspicious mp-MRI targets, but the simplest, cheapest, and easiest to learn is “cognitive,” with visual registration of MRI and TRUS data. This review details the successive steps of the method (target detection, mp-MRI reporting, intermodality fusion, TRUS guidance to target, sampling simulation, sampling, TRUS session reporting, and quality insurance), how to optimize each, and the global indications of mp-MRI-targeted biopsies. We discuss the diagnostic yield of visually-registered TB in comparison with conventional biopsy, and TB performed using other registration methods.
Closed Die Hammer Forging of Inconel 718
Authors: Krishna S. Chenna , Singh Satish Kumar , Murty S. V. S. Narayana , Venkata Narayana Ganji , Jha Abhay K. , Pant Bhanu , George Koshy M.
Published: December 2014

A method for the production of Inconel 718 (IN-718) hemispherical domes by closed die hammer forging is proposed. Different combination of operations employed for production are as follows: (i) preforging + final forging + air cooling, (ii) preforging + final forging + controlled cooling, (iii) direct forging + controlled cooling, and (iv) direct forging + air cooling. Last three combinations yielded a crack free hemispherical dome. The forged hemispherical domes were solution annealed at 980°C for 1 h and air cooled. The grain size of the domes at all locations was finer than ASTM No 4. Mechanical properties of the forged dome in solution treated and aged condition (STA) were better than feedstock used.
Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Gingival Epithelial and Fibroblastic Cell Lines for the Development of Organotypic Cultures
Authors: Bao Kai , Akguel Baki , Bostanci Nagihan
Published: December 2014

In vitro studies using 3D co-cultures of gingival cells can resemble their in vivo counterparts much better than 2D models that typically only utilize monolayer cultures with short-living primary cells. However, the use of 3D gingival models is still limited through lack of appropriate cell lines. We aimed to establish immortalized cell line models of primary human gingival epithelium keratinocytes (HGEK) and gingival fibroblasts (GFB). Immortalized cell lines (HGEK-16 and GFB-16) were induced by E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus. In addition, 3D multilayered organotypic cultures were formed by embedding GFB-16 cells within a collagen (Col) matrix and seeding of HGEK-16 cells on the upper surfaces. Cell growth was analyzed in both immortalized cell lines and their parental primary cells. The expression levels of cell type-specific markers, i.e. cytokeratin (CK) 10, CK13, CK16, CK18, CK19 for HGEK-16 and Col I and Col II for GFB-16, were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expansion of the primary cultures was impeded at early passages, while the transformed immortalized cell lines could be expanded for more than 30 passages. In 3D cultures, immortalized HGEK formed a multilayer of epithelial cells. qRT-PCR showed that cell-specific marker expression in the 3D cultures was qualitatively and quantitatively closer to that in human gingival tissue than to monolayer cultures. These results indicate that immortalized gingival fibroblastic and epithelial cell lines can successfully form organotypic multilayered cultures and, therefore, may be useful tools for studying gingival tissue in vitro.
Angelman Syndrome: A Case Series Assessing Neurological Issues in Adulthood
Authors: Giroud Marie , Daubail Benoît , Khayat Norbert , Chouchane Mondher , Berger Eric , Muzard Emelyne , Medeiros de Bustos Elisabeth , Thauvin-Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Masurel Alice , Darmency-Stamboul Véronique , Huet Frédéric , Béjot Yannick , Giroud Maurice , Moulin Thierry
Published: December 2014

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms of Angelman syndrome (AS) in adults and to identify the neurological pathways affected in this disease. AS is a neurogenetic disorder resulting due to the deletion or inactivation of the ubiquitin-protein-ligase E3A gene on maternal chromosome 15. Summary: A retrospective analysis of data from six adults patients with clinical, electroencephalographic and genetic confirmation of AS was performed. Movement disorders of the hands and mouth, laughing spells, severe expressive speech disorders, a happy nature, hyposomnia and anxiety are the major neurological characteristics of AS in adulthood. Cerebellar ataxia, muscle hypotonia and tremor, though constant in childhood, tend to be attenuated in adulthood. Epilepsy, one of the most frequent symptoms in childhood and in adulthood, is characterised by specific electroencephalographic patterns. Key Messages: These clinical characteristics are important to improve the clinical awareness and genetic diagnosis of AS. Clinicians must be better informed concerning the adult phenotype as it is not well described in the literature. We stress the importance of AS as one of the main causes of intractable epilepsy. The authors suggest frontal and cerebellar dysfunction. Further functional cerebral imaging studies are necessary.
The Role of the Right Posterior Parietal Cortex in Letter Migration between Words
Authors: Cazzoli Dario , Müri René M. , Kennard Christopher , Rosenthal Clive R.
Published: December 2014

When briefly presented with pairs of words, skilled readers can sometimes report words with migrated letters (e.g., they report hunt when presented with the words hint and hurt). This and other letter migration phenomena have been often used to investigate factors that influence reading such as letter position coding. However, the neural basis of letter migration is poorly understood. Previous evidence has implicated the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in processing visuospatial attributes and lexical properties during word reading. The aim of this study was to assess this putative role by combining an inhibitory TMS protocol with a letter migration paradigm, which was designed to examine the contributions of visuospatial attributes and lexical factors. Temporary interference with the right PPC led to three specific effects on letter migration. First, the number of letter migrations was significantly increased only in the group with active stimulation (vs. a sham stimulation group or a control group without stimulation), and there was no significant effect on other error types. Second, this effect occurred only when letter migration could result in a meaningful word (migration vs. control context). Third, the effect of active stimulation on the number of letter migrations was lateralized to target words presented on the left. Our study thus demonstrates that the right PPC plays a specific and causal role in the phenomenon of letter migration. The nature of this role cannot be explained solely in terms of visuospatial attention, rather it involves an interplay between visuospatial attentional and word reading-specific factors.
Bias for the Left Visual Field in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation: Effects of Additional Salient Cues Suggest a Critical Role of Attention
Authors: Śmigasiewicz Kamila , Asanowicz Dariusz , Westphal Nicole , Verleger Rolf
Published: December 2014

Everyday experience suggests that people are equally aware of stimuli in both hemifields. However, when two streams of stimuli are rapidly presented left and right, the second target (T2) is better identified in the left hemifield than in the right hemifield. This left visual field (LVF) advantage may result from differences between hemifields in attracting attention. Therefore, we introduced a visual cue shortly before T2 onset to draw attention to one stream. Thus, to identify T2, attention was correctly positioned with valid cues but had to be redirected to the other stream with invalid ones. If the LVF advantage is caused by differences between hemifields in attracting attention, invalid cues should increase, and valid cues should reduce the LVF advantage as compared with neutral cues. This prediction was confirmed. ERP analysis revealed that cues evoked an early posterior negativity, confirming that attention was attracted by the cue. This negativity was earlier with cues in the LVF, which suggests that responses to salient events are faster in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere. Valid cues speeded up, and invalid cues delayed T2-evoked N2pc; in addition, valid cues enlarged T2-evoked P3. After N2pc, right-side T2 evoked more sustained contralateral negativity than left T2, least long-lasting after valid cues. Difficulties in identifying invalidly cued right T2 were reflected in prematurely ending P3 waveforms. Overall, these data provide evidence that the LVF advantage is because of different abilities of the hemispheres in shifting attention to relevant events in their contralateral hemifield.
Semantic Voids, New Testament Translation, and Anachronism
Authors: Eyl Jennifer
Published: December 2014

This essay addresses the problem of theologically-inflected English translation choices of the New Testament, and how those translations come to bear in theologically disinterested scholarship on Christian beginnings. As a case study I examine the ubiquitous rendering ofekklesiaas “church” in Paul’s letters. I argue that Paul was not referring to Christian churches, but to the “day of theekklesia” in the Septuagint, when God’s people gathered at Sinai/Horeb. Paul is not making Christians out of pagans; he is making quasi-Judeans out of gentiles. Renderingekklesiaas “church” inscribes Christian essentialism into Paul’s letters, and masks what Paul is actually doing with this word. The bridging of Greek-to-English semantic voids on the part of translators and New Testament scholars is a consistent problem that frustrates advancements in Pauline studies, and in studies of the religions of the Roman Empire more generally.
Reconsidering Hamartia as “Sin” in 1 Corinthians
Authors: Roberts Erin
Published: December 2014

English translations of the New Testament (nt) consistently render the Greek termhamartiaand its cognates as “sin.” English translations of other Greek texts dated to roughly the same time period, however, provide a variety of English words such as “mistake,” error,” or “things we get wrong,” to accommodate contextual nuances. This essay argues that this bifurcation has several unappealing consequences for the study of Christian beginnings. The palpable difference in translation portrays thenttexts as unique departures from the moral discourse of the time and reifies an unnecessary divide between early Christian and other kinds of moral literature, while the unqualified use of the English word sin brings with it the possibility that readers will import more unified theological doctrines about sin onto texts written well before the doctrines were even developed.
Geographic distribution of Strumigenys louisianae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Wetterer James K.
Published: December 2014

Strumigenys spp. are tiny predatory ants that feed on soil arthropods. Strumigenys louisianae has the broadest geographic distribution of any New World Strumigenys. Here, I compiled >700 site records of S. louisianae to document its biogeography. The known range of Strumigenys louisianae is largely continuous from Argentina to North Carolina (and possibly Virginia and Illinois) and on most major West Indian islands. The occurrence of S. louisianae throughout this region in a wide diversity of habitats makes it difficult to distinguish where it is native and where it has been introduced. The possibility remains that S. louisianae has a very broad native range, but no introduced populations. Alternatively, some isolated S. louisianae populations may be exotic, such as those on the Galapagos Islands, Cocos Island, many West Indian islands, and in Arizona. Genetic analyses are needed to determine where S. louisianae is native and where it is exotic.
REDE EN RELIGIE. FILOSOFIE IN HET VOORTGEZET ONDERWIJS
Authors: van Woudenberg René
Published: December 2014

In 1974 werd voor het eerst op een Nederlandse school het eindexamen filosofie afgenomen. 13 VWO leerlingen namen daaraan deel. Deze Gideonsbende is sindsdien gestaag gegroeid, de laatste jaren zelfs zo sterk, dat van een kleine bende geen sprake meer kan zijn. In 2007 werd op 158 VWO scholen het eindexamen filosofie afgenomen, waaraan 2861 leerlingen deelnamen. Bovendien is het sinds 2000 ook mogelijk om op de HAVO eindexamen filosofie te doen. In 2007 gebeurde dat op 57 scholen, waaraan 801 leerlingen deelnamen.1 Dit zijn voor een ieder die liefde voor filosofie heeft natuurlijk spectaculaire gebeurtenissen.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS: TOWARD A REFORMATIONAL CONCEPTION OF TRUTH
Authors: Zuidervaart Lambert
Published: December 2014

This essay presents an emerging conception of truth and shows how it appropriates Herman Dooyeweerd’s conception. First I compare my “critical hermeneutics” with other reformational models of critique. Then I propose to think of truth as a dynamic correlation between (1) human fidelity to societal principles and (2) a life-giving disclosure of society. This conception recontextualizes the notion of propositional truth, and it links questions of intersubjective validity with Dooyeweerd’s emphasis on “standing in the truth.” While abandoning his idea of transcendent truth, I seek to preserve the holism and normativity of Dooyeweerd’s radical conception. Theoretical thought never finishes its task. Anyone who believes to have created a philosophical system that can be adopted unchanged by every ensuing generation shows no insight into the historical contingency [gebondenheit] of all theoretical thought. — Herman Dooyeweerd1
EMERGENT EVOLUTION? KLAPWIJK AND DOOYEWEERD
Authors: Geertsema Henk G.
Published: December 2014

With his book Purpose in the living world? Creation and emergent evolution1 Klapwijk meets two challenges. Often the suggestion is made that the theory of evolution denies any meaning and purpose to the world because everything is the result of chance. Klapwijk argues that the actual process of evolution provides arguments for the opposite view, according to which evolution cannot be properly understood without the recognition of purpose and directionality. The question posed in the main title is definitely given a positive answer. The second challenge concerns the Christian response to the theory of evolution. Should it be rejected because it is incompatible with the belief in creation? Again, Klapwijk’s answer points in the opposite direction. “Darwin’s theory does not undermine the picture of creation but clarifies it.”(Purpose 210) Evidently, Klapwijk’s Christian conviction does not urge him to reject the theory of evolution, trying to find scientific or philosophical arguments against it. The scientific theory of evolution rather is accepted as an established fact. The point is how to interpret (or transform) it in such a way that it can be integrated with the Christian faith.
TRUTHS THAT SCIENCE CANNOT TOUCH
Authors: van Woudenberg René
Published: December 2014

In this article I argue (i) that truth is the goal of science, (ii) that there is no clear demarcation between science and non-science (the demarcation is not to be found in method, nor in certain assumptions being made, nor in the nature of the results of scientific inquiry, nor in a supposed disinterestedness on the part of scientists), and (iii) that notwithstanding the absence of a clear demarcation, there are truths, that science obviously can touch, but also truths, even truths that we can know, that science obviously cannot touch.
INTRODUCTION: TOWARDS A NEW ARCHITECTONIC CRITIQUE
Authors: Buijs Govert J. , Jongeneel Roel
Published: December 2014

8-9 January 2013 at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, a seminar took place bringing together people from various parts of the world, various disciplines, and various academic and non-academic professions — philosophers, economists, theologians, historians, social scientists as well as bankers, businessmen, investors and others — to analyze and discuss the economic crisis as it developed in the aftermath ofthe American financial crisis of 2008. An explicit goal was as well to bring together people from various generations, to facilitate and promote a true ‘intergenerational dialogue’. The title of the seminar was ‘Economics, Christianity & the Crisis: Towards a New Architectonic Critique’. More specifically, the aim of the seminar was to develop Christianly inspired reflections on the crisis. An insight that was foundational for the seminar was that the 2008 credit crisis not only was a crisis in the (financial and real) economy (as they may occur every two decades or so), but implied also a crisis in the basic concepts and assumptions that underlie our contemporary thinking about economics, economics as a science as well as economics as a social domain. The crisis, as it erupted and evolved, simultaneously raised urgent questions at the macro- or system-level, at the intermediate level of behavior of banks and corporations, and at the level of personal morality, the vices and virtues involved in business transactions.
CHRISTIAN FAITH, ECONOMY AND THE ECONOMIC CRISIS
Authors: Graafland Johan J.
Published: December 2014

"We live in an uncertain world. The politics of the United States affects our lives more often than what is decided in the Hague or Brussels. Many people experience in their daily work a kind of powerlessness when they have to face the consequences of decisions that are taken far away, for example because they work with the daughter company of a multinational. More than ever we are depending on the “global economy”. We are — whether we like it or not — part of a worldwide political and economic entity." This text occurred in a 2002 publication of the Dutch Council of Churches, entitled ‘Economy in the service of life’, and has proved to be prophetic. Because since then, and especially after 2008, the awareness of global dependence and associated impotence has only become stronger. Rarely in history have we observed how quickly economic changes materialize worldwide.
RESPONSE
Authors: Plantinga Alvin
Published: December 2014

Let me say first that I am delighted to respond to the excellent papers by Elizabeth Burns, Jeroen de Ridder, Esther Kroeker, Ignacio Silva, and Daniel von Wachter. It has been a real pleasure to reflect on and react to their comments.
A multiple gene genealogy reveals phylogenetic placement of Rhopalostroma lekae
Authors: Daranagama Dinushani Anupama , LIU XINGZHONG , CHAMYUANG SUNITA , STADLER MARC , HYDE KEVIN
Published: December 2014

Rhopalostroma lekae was collected on bark of wood in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand and isolates from the sexual state produced a nodulosporium-like asexual state in culture. A combined multigene sequence analysis was used to infer the phylogenetic position of R. lekae and its affinities with other xylariaceous genera. Rhopalostroma is confirmed to have particularly close affinities with the genera Phylacia and Thamnomyces. Secondary metabolite proﬁling of R. lekae showed the species to produce binaphthalene tetrol (BNT) as a major metabolite and several minor undetermined metabolites. The phylogenetic placement of R. lekae was resolved using a polythetic approach. Herbarium material and living cultures representing an authentic specimen of R. lekae are deposited in publically accessible collections that can be used in future studies.
Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IX. Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. on Melaleuca quinquenervia and F. tolgaensis n. sp. on Syzygium luehmannii, from Queensland
Authors: Davies KERRIE A. , YE WEIMIN , Giblin-Davis ROBIN M. , TAYLOR GARY S. , PURCELL MATTHEW , THOMAS KELLEY
Published: December 2014

Two new species of Fergusobia, collected from ‘rosette’ shoot bud galls on Melaleuca quinquenervia, and from leaf, stem, leaf and flower bud galls on Syzygium luehmannii, both from the Cairns region of Queensland, Australia, are described. Fergusobia rosettae Davies n. sp. is characterised by the combination of a small, arcuate parthenogenetic female having a short conoid tail with a bluntly rounded tip, an arcuate, relatively slender, infective female with an almost hemispherical tail tip, and arcuate males with arcuate to angular (not heavily sclerotised) spicules and leptoderan bursa arising at 40–50% of body length from tail tip. Fergusobia tolgaensis Davies n. sp. is characterised by the combination of a small open C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a broadly conoid tail, an arcuate infective female with a broadly rounded tail tip, and arcuate males with angular (not heavily sclerotised) spicules and short to mid-length leptoderan bursa. These two species of nematodes are associated with fly larvae that have dorsal shields comprising bars of raised cuticular ridges and spicules, similar to that of fly larvae from the M. leucadendra species group. The shield morphologies of these fly larvae and their possible genetic relationships are discussed. Possible evolutionary relationships of the Fergusobia nematodes from these galls are discussed, considering their morphology, DNA sequences, and the relationships of the associated Fergusonina flies and host plants.
A new species of the Scinax catharinae Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: LOURENÇO ANA CAROLINA CALIJORNE , LUNA MARIA CELESTE , POMBAL JOSÉ JR. P.
Published: December 2014

We describe a new species of the Scinax catharinae Group from Municipality of Porto Seguro, State of Bahia northeastern Brazil. The new species is mainly characterized by its small size, nuptial pad dark colored, and compound pectoral fold. Additionally, we describe the structure of its nuptial pad and compare it with that of S. agilis. We also briefly discuss its phylogenetic relationships within Scinax.
Decadal Relationship between European Blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation during 1978–2011. Part II: A Theoretical Model Study
Authors: Luo Dehai , Yao Yao , Dai Aiguo
Published: December 2014

In Part I of this study, it is revealed that decadal variations of European blocking, in its intensity, duration, and position, during 1978–2011 are modulated by decadal changes in the frequency of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events associated with background Atlantic conditions. In Part II, reanalysis data are analyzed to first show that a T-bone-type structure of the climatological-mean blocking frequency in the Euro-Atlantic sector roughly results from a combination of the blocking frequency distributions along the southeast–northwest (SE–NW) direction associated with negative-phase NAO (NAO−) events and along the southwest–northeast (SW–NE) direction associated with positive-phase NAO (NAO+) events.

A nonlinear multiscale interaction (NMI) model is then used to examine the physical processes behind the blocking frequency distributions. This model shows that the combination of eastward- and westward-displaced blocking frequency patterns along the SW–NE and SE–NW directions associated with NAO+ and NAO− events leads to a T-bone-type frequency distribution, as seen in reanalysis data. Moreover, it is found that the westward migration of intense, long-lived blocking anomalies over Europe following NAO+ events is favored (suppressed) when the Atlantic mean zonal wind is relatively weak (strong). This result is held for the strong (weak) western Atlantic storm track. This helps explain the findings in Part I. In particular, long-lived blocking events with double peaks can form over Europe because of reintensification during the NAO+ decay phase, when the mean zonal wind weakens. But the double-peak structure disappears and becomes a strong single-peak structure as the mean zonal wind strengthens.
Detecting Long-Term Trends in Precipitable Water over the Tibetan Plateau by Synthesis of Station and MODIS Observations*
Authors: Lu Ning , Trenberth Kevin E. , Qin Jun , Yang Kun , Yao Ling
Published: December 2014

Long-term trends in precipitable water (PW) are an important component of climate change assessments for the Tibetan Plateau (TP). PW products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are able to provide good spatial coverage of PW over the TP but limited in time coverage, while the meteorological stations in the TP can estimate long-term PW but unevenly distributed. To detect the decadal trend in PW over the TP, Bayesian inference theory is used to construct long-term and spatially continuous PW data for the TP based on the station and MODIS observations. The prior information on the monthly-mean PW from MODIS and the 63 stations over the TP for 2000–06 is used to get the posterior probability knowledge that is utilized to build a Bayesian estimation model. This model is then operated to estimate continuous monthly-mean PW for 1970–2011 and its performance is evaluated using the monthly MODIS PW anomalies (2007–11) and annual GPS PW anomalies (1995–2011), with RMSEs below 0.65 mm, to demonstrate that the model estimation can reproduce the PW variability over the TP in both space and time. Annual PW series show a significant increasing trend of 0.19 mm decade−1 for the TP during the 42 years. The most significant PW increase of 0.47 mm decade−1 occurs for 1986–99 and an insignificant decrease occurs for 2000–11. From the comparison of the PW data from JRA-55, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, MERRA, NCEP-2, and ISCCP, it is found that none of them are able to show the actual long-term trends and variability in PW for the TP as the Bayesian estimation.
Spectral Signatures of Earth’s Climate Variability over 5 Years from IASI
Authors: Brindley Helen , Bantges Richard , Russell Jacqueline , Murray Jonathan , Dancel Christopher , Belotti Claudio , Harries John
Published: December 2014

Interannual variability in spectrally resolved longwave radiances is quantified at a variety of spatial scales using 5 yr of IASI observations. Maximum variability is seen at the smallest scales investigated (10° zonal means) at northern and southern high latitudes across the center of the 15-µm CO2 band. As the spatial scale increases, the overall magnitude of interannual variability is reduced across the spectrum and the spectral shape of the variability changes. In spectral regions sensitive to conditions in the upper troposphere, the effect of increasing spatial scale is relatively small and at the global scale these parts of the spectrum show the greatest year-to-year variability. Conversely, the atmospheric window (8–12 µm), which is sensitive to variations in surface temperature and cloud, shows a marked reduction in interannual variability with increasing spatial scale. Over the 5 yr studied, at global scales the standard deviation in annual mean brightness temperature is less than 0.17 K across the spectrum, dropping to less than 0.05 K across the window. Spectrally integrating the IASI measurements to create pseudobroadband and window channels indicates a variation about the mean that is higher for the broadband channel than for the window channel at the global and quasi-global scales and over the Southern Hemisphere. These findings are in agreement with observations from CERES Terra over the same period and imply that at the largest spatial scales, over the period considered here, fluctuations in mid- to upper-tropospheric temperatures and water vapor, and not cloud or surface temperature, play the dominant role in determining the level of interannual variability in all-sky outgoing longwave radiation.
Growth behaviour of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy
Authors: Wu L. , Liu J. H. , Wu G. L. , Li S. M. , Yu M.
Published: December 2014

The growth behaviour of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy in a near neutral electrolyte (C4H4O6Na2) under pulse galvanostatic method was investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology and roughness of the anodic oxide film were strongly dependent on the anodising time. The result of TEM showed that the oxide film was partly crystallised and mainly composed of amorphous TiO2. The probable mechanism of film formation had been discussed, which was comprised of three distinctive stages. The growth behaviour of the anodic oxide film was not only vertical but also horizontal. The process of growth was nucleation, agglomeration and coagulation.
Erratum to: Do heart and respiratory rate variability improve prediction of extubation outcomes in critically ill patients?
Authors: Seely Andrew JE , Bravi Andrea , Herry Christophe , Green Geoffrey , Longtin André , Ramsay Tim , Fergusson Dean , McIntyre Lauralyn , Kubelik Dalibor , Maziak Donna E , Ferguson Niall , Brown Samuel M , Mehta Sangeeta , Martin Claudio , Rubenfeld Gordon , Jacono Frank J , Clifford Gari , Fazekas Anna , Marshall John ,   The Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG)
Published: December 2014

No abstract
Sleep apnea – another piece of the postoperative delirium puzzle?
Authors: Auckley Dennis
Published: December 2014

Cardiac surgery is associated with high rates of postoperative delirium. The development of postoperative delirium increases morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Sleep disordered breathing is highly prevalent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and now appears likely to be an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium. If confirmed in larger controlled trials, sleep apnea may represent a risk factor for targeted intervention to reduce the rate of postoperative delirium.
Tumor-expressed adrenomedullin accelerates breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Siclari Valerie A , Mohammad Khalid S , Tompkins Douglas R , Davis Holly , McKenna C Ryan , Peng Xianghong , Wessner Lisa L , Niewolna Maria , Guise Theresa A , Suvannasankha Attaya , Chirgwin John M
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Adrenomedullin (AM) is secreted by breast cancer cells and increased by hypoxia. It is a multifunctional peptide that stimulates angiogenesis and proliferation. The peptide is also a potent paracrine stimulator of osteoblasts and bone formation, suggesting a role in skeletal metastases—a major site of treatment-refractory tumor growth in patients with advanced disease.

Methods

The role of adrenomedullin in bone metastases was tested by stable overexpression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which cause osteolytic bone metastases in a standard animal model. Cells with fivefold increased expression of AM were characterized in vitro, inoculated into immunodeficient mice and compared for their ability to form bone metastases versus control subclones. Bone destruction was monitored by X-ray, and tumor burden and osteoclast numbers were determined by quantitative histomorphometry. The effects of AM overexpression on tumor growth and angiogenesis in the mammary fat pad were determined. The effects of AM peptide on osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation were tested in vitro. A small-molecule AM antagonist was tested for its effects on AM-stimulated ex vivo bone cell cultures and co-cultures with tumor cells, where responses of tumor and bone were distinguished by species-specific real-time PCR.

Results

Overexpression of AM mRNA did not alter cell proliferation in vitro, expression of tumor-secreted factors or cell cycle progression. AM-overexpressing cells caused osteolytic bone metastases to develop more rapidly, which was accompanied by decreased survival. In the mammary fat pad, tumors grew more rapidly with unchanged blood vessel formation. Tumor growth in the bone was also more rapid, and osteoclasts were increased. AM peptide potently stimulated bone cultures ex vivo; responses that were blocked by small-molecule adrenomedullin antagonists in the absence of cellular toxicity. Antagonist treatment dramatically suppressed tumor growth in bone and decreased markers of osteoclast activity.

Conclusions

The results identify AM as a target for therapeutic intervention against bone metastases. Adrenomedullin potentiates osteolytic responses in bone to metastatic breast cancer cells. Small-molecule antagonists can effectively block bone-mediated responses to tumor-secreted adrenomedullin, and such agents warrant development for testing in vivo.
Tomato nuclear proteome reveals the involvement of specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Yuying , Wang Weihao , Cai Jianghua , Zhang Yanrui , Qin Guozheng , Tian Shiping
Published: December 2014

Background

Fruits are unique to flowering plants and play a central role in seed maturation and dispersal. Molecular dissection of fruit ripening has received considerable interest because of the biological and dietary significance of fruit. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying fruit ripening, we report here the first comprehensive analysis of the nuclear proteome in tomato fruits.

Results

Nuclear proteins were isolated from tomatoes in different stages of ripening, and subjected to iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) analysis. We show that the proteins whose abundances change during ripening stages are involved in various cellular processes. We additionally evaluate changes in the nuclear proteome in the ripening-deficient mutant, ripening-inhibitor (rin), carrying a mutation in the transcription factor RIN. A set of proteins were identified and particular attention was paid to SlUBC32 and PSMD2, the components of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assays, we provide evidence that RIN directly binds to the promoters of SlUBC32 and PSMD2. Moreover, loss of RIN function affects protein ubiquitination in nuclei. SlUBC32 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and a genome-wide survey of the E2 gene family in tomatoes identified five more E2s as direct targets of RIN. Virus-induced gene silencing assays show that two E2s are involved in the regulation of fruit ripening.

Conclusions

Our results uncover a novel function of protein ubiquitination, identifying specific E2s as regulators of fruit ripening. These findings contribute to the unraveling of the gene regulatory networks that control fruit ripening.
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) recycling for high value added textiles
Authors: Park Sang Ho , Kim Seong Hun
Published: December 2014

This study reviews the problems in the use and disposal of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and includes the concise background of virgin and recycled PET as well as their possible applications. The current state of knowledge with respect to PET recycling method is presented. Recycling of PET is the most desirable method for waste management, providing an opportunity for reductions in oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and PET waste requiring disposal because of its non-degradability. Advanced technologies and systems for reducing contamination, mechanical and chemical recycling, and their applications are discussed, and the possibility of diverting the majority of PET waste from landfills or incineration to recycling is suggested.
Assessment of Firefighters’ needs for personal protective equipment
Authors: Park Huiju , Park Juyeon , Lin Shu-Hwa , Boorady Lynn M
Published: December 2014

This study performed focus group interviews with 54 firefighters in four states in the United States to assess the needs for design of firefighters’ personal protective equipment. Firefighters’ responses indicate three major issues to be considered for improved mobility, comfort and safety: 1) consideration of human factors, 2) sizing and fit, and 3) integrity of protection in the interface between protective equipment and turnout ensemble. Ergonomic design issues were identified through firefighters’ responses about their limited mobility of the head and arms while wearing helmet and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), restricted access to coat pockets, back pain and soreness while wearing SCBA. Sizing and fit issues such as the excessive length and bulkiness of glove fingers were identified as a major concern regarding fire gloves resulting in limited mobility and dexterity, negatively effecting firefighters’ work efficiency and safety. The integrity of protection in the interface between turnout ensemble, gloves and boots was reported as an important consideration for firefighter comfort, mobility and protection against heat hazards. Possible design solutions were also discussed.
Jacquard pattern optimizing in weft knitted fabrics via interactive genetic algorithm
Authors: Semnani Dariush , Hadjianfar Mehdi , Aziminia Hamed , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2014

A genetic algorithm is a method to respond to troubles that are indissoluble by common methods and must be utilized to try and fault method. It is difficult to appraise all of responses if there are many answers. Algorithm genetic can contain a large vast of responses and find the best of them by receiving feedbacks from problems. Several designs with different colors can be done in weft knitted Jacquard designing system. However, many patterns might not have enough attractiveness and beauty. The choice of interesting and stylish patterns of the huge set of designs according to customer judgment is difficult. An interactive genetic algorithm that received necessary feedbacks from the user, can be used in design optimization and choosing ideal patterns. In this paper a software has been constructed to optimize jacquard pattern in weft knitted fabrics based on interactive genetic algorithm.
Waiting in line at a fashion store: psychological and emotional responses
Authors: Park Soozin , Min Kyeongsun , Lee Yuri
Published: December 2014

Waiting in a service context is known to negatively affect consumer evaluation of services and service providers. However, this study investigates the positive effects of waiting—such as expected customer competition, excitement, and purchase intention—during the purchase of fashion merchandise. We classified waiting into four types based on whether waiting occurs, whether customers receiver a filler, or whether a filler is related to the context. A scenario-based online survey was conducted for empirical testing. After reading the scenario, 266 respondents replied to a questionnaire regarding expected competition, excitement, and purchase intention. The findings indicated that expected competition, excitement, and purchase intention differed significantly according to the wait type. Customers provided with a context-related filler reported the highest expected competition, excitement, and purchase intention, and excitement was found to mediate the relationship between expected competition and purchase intention. This paper ends by discussing its implications for managing waiting at a fashion store.
Practice Makes Pretty Good: Assessment of Primary Literature Reading Abilities across Multiple Large-Enrollment Biology Laboratory Courses
Authors: Sato Brian K. , Kadandale Pavan , He Wenliang , Murata Paige M. N. , Latif Yama , Warschauer Mark
Published: December 2014

Primary literature is essential for scientific communication and is commonly utilized in undergraduate biology education. Despite this, there is often little time spent training our students how to critically analyze a paper. To address this, we introduced a primary literature module in multiple upper-division laboratory courses. In this module, instructors conduct classroom discussions that dissect a paper as researchers do. While previous work has identified classroom interventions that improve primary literature comprehension within a single course, our goal was to determine whether including a scientific paper module in our classes could produce long-term benefits. On the basis of performance in an assessment exam, we found that our module resulted in longitudinal gains, including increased comprehension and critical-thinking abilities in subsequent lab courses. These learning gains were specific to courses utilizing our module, as no longitudinal gains were seen in students who had taken other upper-division labs that lacked extensive primary literature discussion. In addition, we assessed whether performance on our assessment correlated with a variety of factors, including grade point average, course performance, research background, and self-reported confidence in understanding of the article. Furthermore, all of the study conclusions are independent of biology disciplines, as we observe similar trends within each course.
Characteristics of the horizontal component of Rayleigh waves in multimode analysis of surface waves
Authors: Ikeda Tatsunori , Matsuoka Toshifumi , Tsuji Takeshi , Nakayama Toru
Published: December 2014

In surface-wave analysis, S-wave velocity estimations can be improved by the use of higher modes of the surface waves. The vertical component of P-SV waves is commonly used to estimate multimode Rayleigh waves, although Rayleigh waves are also included in horizontal components of P-SV waves. To demonstrate the advantages of using the horizontal components of multimode Rayleigh waves, we investigated the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical components of Rayleigh waves. We conducted numerical modeling and field data analyses rather than a theoretical study for both components of Rayleigh waves. As a result of a simulation study, we found that the estimated higher modes have larger relative amplitudes in the vertical and horizontal components as the source depth increases. In particular, higher-order modes were observed in the horizontal component data for an explosive source located at a greater depth. Similar phenomena were observed in the field data acquired by using a dynamite source at 15-m depth. Sensitivity analyses of dispersion curves to S-wave velocity changes revealed that dispersion curves additionally estimated from the horizontal components can potentially improve S-wave velocity estimations. These results revealed that when the explosive source was buried at a greater depth, the horizontal components can complement Rayleigh waves estimated from the vertical components. Therefore, the combined use of the horizontal component data with the vertical component data would contribute to improving S-wave velocity estimations, especially in the case of buried explosive source signal.
Robust reduced-rank filtering for erratic seismic noise attenuation
Authors: Chen Ke , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: December 2014

Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) or Cadzow reduced-rank filtering is an efficient method for random noise attenuation. SSA starts by embedding the seismic data into a Hankel matrix. Rank reduction of this Hankel matrix followed by antidiagonal averaging is utilized to estimate an enhanced seismic signal. Rank reduction is often implemented via the singular value decomposition (SVD). The SVD is a nonrobust matrix factorization technique that leads to suboptimal results when the seismic data are contaminated by erratic noise. The term erratic noise designates non-Gaussian noise that consists of large isolated events with known or unknown distribution. We adopted a robust low-rank factorization that permitted use of the SSA filter in situations in which the data were contaminated by erratic noise. In our robust SSA method, we replaced the quadratic error criterion function that yielded the truncated SVD solution by a bisquare function. The Hankel matrix was then approximated by the product of two lower dimensional factor matrices. The iteratively reweighed least-squares method was used to approximately solve for the optimal robust factorization. Our algorithm was tested with synthetic and real data. In our synthetic examples, the data were contaminated with band-limited Gaussian noise and erratic noise. Then, denoising was carried out by means of [Formula: see text] deconvolution, the classical SSA method, and the proposed robust SSA method. The [Formula: see text] deconvolution and the classical SSA method failed to properly eliminate the noise and to preserve the desired signal. On the other hand, the robust SSA method was found to be immune to erratic noise and was able to preserve the desired signal. We also tested the robust SSA method with a data set from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. The results with this data set revealed improved denoising performance in portions of data contaminated with erratic noise.
Can there be false hope in recovery?
Authors: Corrigan Patrick W.
Published: December 2014

Although hope is key to recovery, might the course of some people's mental illness be so severe that false promise is offered? This paper unpacks considerations and, after a critical analysis, concludes hope is still central to healing and personal well-being.
Embedding the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in clinical practice: an audit review
Authors: Dunlop Claudia , Sorinmade Oluwatoyin
Published: December 2014

Aims and method

An audit cycle assessed compliance of healthcare professionals within Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust with the statutory requirements of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in patient care. Each stage involved a retrospective review of relevant patient electronic records. The additional purpose of the audit was to make recommendations to improve compliance with the requirement of the Act by healthcare professionals and improve patient understanding of its provisions.

Results

The audit cycle demonstrated some improvement in clinical practice as well as the need for further efforts at raising the understanding and compliance of clinicians and the public with provisions of the Act.

Clinical Implications

Healthcare professionals need further understanding of the provisions of the Act and their responsibilities. There is also the need to enhance public awareness to provisions of the Act in relation to their decision-making autonomy. Stakeholders need to put strategies in place for these to be achieved.
How, Then, Might the Transsexual Read?
Authors: Eastwood Alexander
Published: December 2014

This essay examines the burgeoning relationship between transgender studies and literary criticism by interrogating the terms of their commensurability. Recent debates within critical theory have at times detrimentally deployed marginalized figures, such as transsexuals, to represent history's demise without accounting for the ways in which trans subjects or characters experience history. Focusing on representations of reading practices in two twentieth-century American texts—Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and Tennessee Jones's Deliver Me from Nowhere—this essay conceives of a trans literary history that is methodologically invested in a hermeneutics of resonance rather than in the pursuit of mimesis. In doing so, it articulates how trans temporalities might animate literary texts by inspiring new methods for reinterpreting both personal and cultural narratives.
Becoming a Trans Poet
Authors: Peterson Trace
Published: December 2014

This essay argues for a possible trans poetics or trans poetry aesthetic in the United States by examining poems by three of the earliest visible trans poets to publish books in this country: Samuel Ace, Max Wolf Valerio, and kari edwards. Close readings of their poems, supplemented with interviews in which the authors provide key contextual information, reveal an intriguing relationship between how these authors play with intelligibility through poetic form and how their work has mostly eluded literary history. An investigation into how these poets became authors looks at this process parallel to the narrative of how they understood the process of gender transition. This investigation reveals how aspects of their shared aesthetic can be traced to common struggles, shared literary mentors, and other factors such as how these poets have had to invent their own readership contexts and how name changes create challenges for literary biography.