bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature-Based Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa for Climate and Water Resilience: A Methodology for Evaluating the Regional Status of Investments in Nature-Based Solutions from a Scan of Multilateral Development Bank Portfolios
Authors: Oliver Emmie , Marsters Lizzie
Published: November 2022

This technical note outlines the methodology used to create a region-wide dataset of projects that have implemented NBS for climate- and water-resilience objectives in two multilateral development bank (MDB) portfolios — the World Bank and the African Development Bank. The resulting dataset includes 85 projects led by these MDBS over a 10-year period (2012‒21), including 46 projects from the World Bank and 39 projects from the African Development Bank. Total budgets for World Bank projects were $7.9 billion (including $2.5 billion for components with NBS), and total budgets for African Development projects $4.2 billion (including $2 billion for components with NBS). The countries with the largest number of projects were Ethiopia (10), Ghana (7), Malawi (7), Tanzania (6), Uganda (6), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (5). The technical note also demonstrates how these projects are leveraging NBS to address urgent challenges faced by communities in SSA, including urban flooding, coastal flooding, and water security. Additionally, the note illustrates numerous types of co-benefits that NBS are generating, including biodiversity, livelihoods, and opportunities for carbon sequestration.
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Ethiopia’s Planning Process
Authors: Dagne Belay Abiyot , Elliott Cynthia , Corfee Jan , Tsehay Solomon
Published: November 2022

The paper highlights practices, challenges, and lessons learned from Ethiopia’s experience to mainstream climate change considerations into development strategies. It narrates Ethiopia’s experience and evolution with national development planning along the policy cycle [planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E)]. The paper further summarizes how the Ethiopian climate change mainstreaming process has evolved to become a core pillar of the national development agenda.
The Triple Dividend of Building Climate Resilience: Taking Stock, Moving Forward
Authors: Heubaum Harald , Brandon Carter , Tanner Thomas , Surminski Swenja , Roezer Viktor
Published: November 2022

This WRI working paper analyzes the full benefits of climate change adaptation investments, divided into three types of dividends. It shows that the benefits that accrue even when the anticipated disaster does not occur are often larger than the “avoided losses” that accrue when disaster does strike. This is important since it shows that the benefits of adaptation investments are much often larger than assumed, and don’t always rely on the probabilities of disaster risk.
Stop Eating Fast, Keep Staying Last
Authors: Nikkhah Akbar
Published: November 2022

This article addresses an important abnormal eating behavior or ‘speedy eating’ that can predispose human body to diabesity (diabetes and obesity) development and its associated complexities in the stressful modern times. Although, more research is required to enlighten the various clinical and psychological aspects of this phenomenon, public health programs must take new initiatives in educating people of different ages to manage stresses and slow down eating to help optimize endocrinology and metabolism and minimize diabesity risks. Efforts must be focused on edificating people how to overcome and manage their stresses first before ‘slow eating’ could be prioritized and practiced as a powerful lifestyle strategy. Meanwhile, stop eating fast, keep staying last!
Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain Perception, Anxiety and Hemodynamic Changes during Therapeutic Extraction of Bilateral Maxillary First Premolars Split-Mouth Technique
Authors: Kumaravelu Raghu
Published: November 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars.

Design: Non Randomized prospective split mouth technique requiring therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars.

Setting: All patients reporting to the department of OMFS Indira Gandhi dental college and hospital Pondicherry requiring therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars.

Participants: Covering 56 patients requiring therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolars who meets the inclusive and exclusive criteria.

Main Outcome Measures: Anxiety is measured using Likert scale, vitals using sphygmomanometer and pulse oximeter.

Results: Parameters analysed using T-test, there is subsequent reduction of Systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and pulse rate using virtual reality distraction when compared to without virtual reality distraction except for diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion: By distracting the attention of the patient, pain and anxiety levels of the patients can be reduced and producers can be done smoothly according to our study results.
MANAJEMEN PENGEMBANGAN WAKAF ERA DIGITAL DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN POTENSI WAKAF
Authors: Nurul Faizah Rahmah Nurul
Published: November 2022

Wakaf merupakan instrumen filantropi Islam yang berperan dalam memberdayakan ekonomi demi kemaslahatan umat. Dengan adanya perubahan paradigma wakaf tradisional menjadi wakaf digital diharapkan masyarakat bisa berwakaf untuk kemaslahatan umat dan juga dapat mengoptimalkan potensi wakaf. Urgensi dari pengembangan digital wakaf itu sendiri untuk menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat yang semakin beragam dan modern. Studi ini menganalisis pengembangan wakaf di era digital yang mendorong masyarakat untuk terus berwakaf dengan mudah dan praktis. Penulis tertarik mengkaji lebih lanjut bagaimana manajemen pengembangan wakaf era digital dalam mengoptimalkan potensi wakaf. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Dari tinjauan awal penulis di Lembaga Mitra Wakaf Indonesia, menemukan beberapa permasalahan terkait dengan manajemen pengembangan digital wakaf yaitu, dari segi financial dalam maintenance platform digital, terkait dengan membangun konsep yang sesuai dengan syariat islam dan nadzir masih berfokus pada pengembangan wakaf tradisional. Dan penulis mengajukan konsep fundrising dan juga manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis relawan
Assessing the Utilization of Waste from Aquaponics System as Nutrients Contributing to the Growth of Water Spinach and Tank Fish
Authors: B Akter , H Yeasmin , SM Rayhan , MAU Khan
Published: November 2022

Due to having plentiful water resources, Bangladesh offers significant potential for fish farming. Aquaponicsas a bio-integrated multi-trophic system that combines hydroponics (the growing of soilless plants) and re-circulate aquaculture (the culture of fish) to create a symbiotic relationship between fish, microorganisms and plants. This study was carried out for 95 days at the aquaponic laboratory of Khulna Agricultural University (KAU) to access the utilization of waste from tank water as nutrients affecting the growth of both water spinach and fish using two different medias-only bricklets (𝑇1)and mixture of bricklets and used tea leaves(𝑇2). For the purpose of growing vegetables and raising fish, six 20-liter plastic containers and a 750-liter water tank were employed respectively. Fish and water spinach samples were taken every two weeks. Electric conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO3), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3), total nitrogen (Total-N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), and sodium (Na) were measured in the soil testing Laboratory at KAU. Bacterial activity in the media and roots of plants was found to be higher in influent water than effluent water, indicating that plants were properly utilizing. "Microsoft Excel 2010" and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) were used to analyze the descriptive statistics and determine the significance level as well. The greatest average plant measurements for 𝑇1were 36.40±3.55 cm in height, 58.81±23.35 in weight, and 93.90±38.52 in terms of leaves. In 𝑇1and 𝑇2, a total of 1.57 kg and 1.21 kg of water spinach was harvested respectively. The length and weight gain percentages were 61.45 and 155.51 at the conclusion of the trial, while the survival rate and FCR were found to be 100% and 1.51, respectively and at the end of the study average fish production was estimated 9.91 kg. The technique actually produced more fish and vegetables while using less water causing no adverse effects on the environment. Through a symbiotic link between the fish and plants, the system effectively used fish waste in plant development and fish production as well. In order toaddress the environmental issues, the system might be placed in densely populated urban areas to grow fish and vegetables on rooftops and in backyards.
Effects of micronutrients on growth and yield of potato
Authors: MHA Rashid , MR Islam , MM Hossain
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of micronutrients and their methods of application on growth and yield of potato cv. Diamant during the period from November 2019 to March 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A: Two methods of micronutrient application viz., M1= Basal and M2= Foliar, and Factor B: Four levels of micronutrients viz., T0= control treatment, T1= Boron (B) @ 2 kg/ha, T2= Zinc (Zn) @ 3 kg/ha, T3= B @ 2 kg/ha + Zn @ 3 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Result of the experiment revealed that application method and different levels of micronutrients alone or in combination significantly influenced all the parameters studied. The highest tuber yield (3.53 t/ha) was obtained with foliar application and the lowest was found from basal application. On the other hand the highest tuber yield (4.56 t/ha) was obtained when B + Zn @ 2 kg B/ha + 3 kg Zn/ha was applied and the lowest was recorded from control treatment. Among the treatment combinations, foliar application of micronutrients along with combined treatment of B + Zn @ 2 kg/ha + 3 kg/ha produced the maximum tuber yield (4.89 t/ha) while the lowest was obtained from the control treatment. Therefore, foliar application method along with the combined treatment of boron plus zinc was found to be better in respect of growth and yield of potato.
Hubungan Antara Perilaku Menyimak Akun Tik Tok @Basyasman dan Perilaku Akhlak Kepada Orang Tua di Kalangan Remaja Miuslim Desa Pedurenan Parung Bogor
Authors: Nurseha Nurseha , Milla Sri Nurul
Published: November 2022

Tik Tok is one of the popular social media among teenagers, children and even adults because Tik Tok has many interesting features so that Tik Tok users take advantage of the Tik Tok application as a means of spreading Islamic da'wah. One of the elements of success in preaching is the media as a tool, one of which is the tik tok application. There is an interest in teenagers towards the @Basyasman tik tok account to listen to the contents of the da'wah message. This study aims to determine the relationship between listening behavior to @Basyasman's tik tok account and moral behavior to parents among teenagers in Padurenan Village Rw 5. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The population of 150 teenagers in Padurenan Village Rw 5, the sample calculation used the slovin formula and the results were 60 teenagers. The data analysis technique used correlation test. The results of this study are Ha is accepted because the correlation significance value is 0.00 < 0.05 and the R value is 0.456 > 0.05 so it can be said that there is a good relationship meaning that the more moral behavior towards parents in Padurenan Village Rw 5, the better. The limitation in the study lies in the number of teenagers who not only listen to @Basyasman's da'wah, but can do this by listening to online/offline. The results of this study are used as input for adolescents to improve morals to their parents in order to produce good behavior. 

Keywords: Tik tok, Listening, Morals, Teenagers Village Padurenan Bogor
Pengaruh Komunikasi Pemasaran terhadap Minat Pelanggan Shopee di Kota Palembang
Authors: Syahputra Adjie Tama , Wijayani Isna
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of marketing communication on the interest of Shopee customers in the city of Palembang. The population in this study are all customers who use Shopee's delivery services in Palembang City, where the exact number of customers is unknown. The number of samples taken in this study using the Lemeshow formula, this is because the total population is unknown or infinite. Based on the Lameshow formula, the number of samples was 96 people with the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The analysis technique uses simple regression with hypothesis testing using t test. The results showed that the t arithmetic value was 47.477 > t table 1.98 and a significance value of 0.000 < = 0.05, which means that there is a significant influence between marketing communication variables and Shopee customer interest.

Keywords: Marketing Communication, customer interest
An Analysis of Israeli Coalition Formation and Cabinet Post Distribution
Authors: Kertzner Ryan , Donnelly Mary
Published: November 2022

As literature examining the application of game-theoretic models to political coalitions has flourished in the past few decades, the conclusions found by different types of models yield different predictions regarding payoff proportionality in parliamentary coalitions. While demand bargaining models predict pure payoff proportionality, proposal-based models predict that the formateur should receive a disproportionately large share of the total payoff—a phenomenon referred to as the formateur’s advantage. We apply a statistical model that incorporates this idea to calculate the predicted share of cabinet posts received by member parties of Israeli Governments 25–35, and then compare these predictions to each party’s actual share of cabinet posts in each government. We find a very strong correlation (r = .936) between the predicted and actual shares of cabinet posts for all parties, but find that the formateur’s advantage, while present, is overestimated by bargaining models, as the extent of the advantage is heavily determined by the context in which governments are formed. We then cross-analyze discrepancies in our data with the real-world factors that caused them in order to present evidence that empirical context should always be accounted for when applying game theoretic models to parliamentary coalition formation.
Data Privacy Perception Among Adolescents in a Silicon Valley High School
Authors: Gunda Naga Pranav , Flowers Rossner Kate
Published: November 2022

Social media usage has increased tremendously over the last few decades, thereby becoming a mainstay in the global sphere. This technology is nearly ubiquitous in Silicon Valley, a technological center within the San Francisco Bay Area. In recent years, concerns have been raised over privacy and the extent of data companies collect from their user base. Minimal research has been conducted on adolescents’ privacy perceptions as well as conceptions in the Silicon Valley. Prior studies contend that adolescents may reveal too much personal information online but can also have varying privacy values depending on socioeconomic status. This study investigates the data privacy perceptions of students in a Silicon Valley high school (SVHS) and compares results to two studies, conducted in a different location (Turkish high schools) and with a different age group (US adults). The descriptive research method was used with Google Forms questionnaires distributed to students through email. Questionnaires were based on similar questions from the comparison surveys. Results showed that Internet and social media usage is indeed almost omnipresent among SVHS students. The students are more knowledgeable about privacy protection techniques and at least as concerned about privacy as American adults. SVHS students are also much more private about their personal information in comparison to the Turkish high school students. More research and comparisons in different socioeconomic areas and age levels is needed to determine the reasons behind these trends.
Optimization of Load Frequency Controller by using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abdulameer Abbas Fakhri , Jaafar Mohammed Musadaq
Published: November 2022

In this proposal method, the system will be optimized by using genetic algorithm GA with PID controller. The load frequency controller LFC had drawback likes overshoot, and undershoot with high oscillation. Hence, the hybrid algorithm between GA and PID are applied to enhance the system by matlab Simulink with toolbox. The simulation results showed that the system more efficient.
Promoting Human Resource Training Activities for The Southern Key Economic Region of Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Dinh Thi
Published: November 2022

The Southern Key Economic Region includes 8 provinces and cities: Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Ba Ria – Vung Tau, Tay Ninh, Long An and Tien Giang. This area is considered as one of the most dynamic economic regions of the country. Therefore, it is very necessary to train and develop human resources in both quantity and quality to meet the socio-economic development requirements of each locality as well as the whole region. The Southern Key Economic Zone is a densely populated area, so it has an abundant labor force, plus a high level of expertise and production organization. Accompanying that is the investment in strong facilities to help the southern key economic region develop extremely.
EXTRATO PIROLENHOSO NA BROTAÇÃO DO CAPIM MOMBAÇA
Authors: Barcelos Filgueira Elismar , Dos Santos Robson Wellington , Scaunichi Barbosa Wagner , Modolo Rafael , Da Silva Luciana Sônia , Campos de França Neto Adjalma , Cavali Jucilene , Schmidt-Cavalheiro Wanderson Cleiton , Vendruscolo Jhony , Dos Santos de França Schockness Leonardo , Silva Marinho Danilo , Ferreira Elvino
Published: November 2022

No intuito de contribuir com dados para o uso do extrato pirolenhoso em condições de pastagens, foram avaliados dois extratos pirolenhosos aqui denominados preto (EPP) e amarelo (EPA) na produção do capim Mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq). Esses extratos foram diluídos em água  (0,1% v v-1) e aplicados no solo e na parte aérea das plantas após a adubação nitrogenada e seguidos de dois momentos de corte espaçados 32 dias. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados, havendo também o tratamento controle. O uso dos extratos pirolenhosos promoveram redução quanto a produção da matéria natural e matéria seca do Mombaça, sendo o EPA considerado o mais tóxico. Ambos interferiram negativamente na altura das plantas, comprimento e largura do limbo foliar e diâmetro dos colmos, especialmente no primeiro corte de avaliação. No segundo corte não foi observado efeito significativo quanto à produção de matéria natural, matéria seca, altura da planta e comprimento do limbo foliar, o que já não foi observado quanto à largura do limbo foliar e com o diâmetro do colmo.
Rentabilidad del sector agropecuario en Uruguay
Authors: Kuster Christian , Álvarez Jorge Ariel , Lezcano Raposo Mikaela , Álvarez-Vaz Ramón
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es medir y describir la evolución de la rentabilidad del sector agropecuario uruguayo en el período 2010-2017. Para ello, se utiliza una base de datos constituida por los estados contables de las empresas agropecuarias uruguayas que presentaron la declaración jurada ante la Dirección General Impositiva (DGI) en el período mencionado. La rentabilidad se mide a través del indicador ROA (return on assets). La estrategia metodológica consiste en identificar patrones de evolución a través de clústeres longitudinales. Los resultados muestran que la rentabilidad es positiva en el período, aunque internamente presenta niveles y dinámicas muy diversas. Se conforman, así, tres grupos con trayectorias de ROA similares a en su interior, pero muy distintas entre cada uno. Eso sirve de insumo para caracterizar su estructura económica y obtener indicios sobre los determinantes del desempeño económico financiero del sector.
DISLEXIA
Authors: Melo Maria Carolina Rossi Cardoso de , França Dheise Caroline Guedes , Carvalho Filha Francidalma Soares Sousa , Frasca Laylla Luanna de Mello , Sousa Thais Vilela de , Moraes Filho Iel Marciano de
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Descrever, de acordo com a literatura, quais os conceitos diagnósticos adotados na dislexia, os desafios para profissionais de enfermagem disléxicos, como também relatar a atuação do profissional enfermeiro frente a esse agravante. Material e Método: revisão narrativa da literatura com abordagem qualitativa exploratória, no qual foram abordados artigos científicos sobre o papel dos enfermeiros (as) frente a dislexia, pesquisados através dos DECS: “enfermagem” e “dislexia” associados pelo operador booleano AND nas seguintes bases: BVS; LILACS, SCIELO e documentos da ABD e do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, teve como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre os anos de 2001 a 2021. Resultados: foram analisados 29 documentos e para melhor visualização dos resultados eles foram divididos em três unidades temáticas, sendo elas: conceitos, diagnóstico, aspectos familiares diante das dislexias; relatos e desafios do profissional de enfermagem com diagnóstico de dislexia desde sua vida acadêmica ao ambiente profissional e o trabalho da enfermagem frente a dislexia. Considerações finais: o estudo destacou a importância da atuação da enfermagem frente a dislexia, desde a vida escolar ao ensino superior e a atuação de profissionais de enfermagem disléxicos na prática clínica. Sendo de suma importância destacar que indivíduos com diagnóstico de dislexia tem uma maior probabilidade em desenvolver problemas psíquicos e psicológicos, devido ao pré-julgamento que recebem ao expor o transtorno, verificou-se a necessidade de elencar que a dislexia não deve ser considerada como um nível de baixa inteligência ou um resultado de uma má-alfabetização, e sim, uma condição hereditária com alterações genéticas.
Kleine Helfer mit großem Potenzial
Authors: Schaal René
Published: November 2022

Neben Algenpräparaten, Pflanzenextrakten, Extrakten aus tierischen Produkten sowie Humin- und Fulvosäuren gehören auch Mikroorganismen zu den Biostimulanzien. Aktuell sind in Europa rund 60 entsprechende Produkte zugelassen. Die EU hat derweil die Zulassungsanforderungen gesenkt.
Preissprung bremst russischen Export
Authors: Kireev Maxim
Published: November 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Der Streit um das Getreideabkommen wirkte sich auch auf die Nachfrage nach russischem Weizen aus. Regenfälle verzögern die Winteraussaat.
Nivel de implicación de deportistas colombianos de alto rendimiento con el patrocinio deportivo
Authors: Caro Niño Laura Juliana , Mejía Giraldo Juan Felipe
Published: November 2022

El objetivo del artículo es determinar el nivel de implicación de deportistas colombianos de alto rendimiento con las marcas que los patrocinan. Para ello se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, bajo un enfoque fenomenológico-interpretativo. Como técnicas de recolección de información se llevó a cabo inicialmente un estudio netnográfico, teniendo en cuenta los perfiles de los atletas que mencionaban sus respectivas marcas patrocinadoras. Este estudio se realizó en publicaciones en la red social Instagram entre los meses de septiembre y noviembre de 2021. Adicionalmente se aplicaron 15 entrevistas a deportistas colombianos de alto rendimiento de diferentes disciplinas. Entre los principales hallazgos encontrados se aprecia la nula exigencia de las marcas frente al manejo de las plataformas digitales de los deportistas patrocinados, situación que resulta llamativa, ya que hoy en día este es un factor fundamental en el mundo de la esponsorización deportiva. Por otro lado, también se identificó que en la mayoría de los deportistas entrevistados que han contado con más de dos o tres patrocinios siempre existe mayor afinidad hacia alguno de ellos. Esto se convierte en un dato relevante, debido a los beneficios que trae consigo para las marcas, dado que varios de los atletas manifestaron, por un lado, que adquirían una mayor fidelidad hacia ese patrocinio con el que desarrollan mejor conexión, y, por otra parte, aumentaba la precaución sobre la utilización correcta de la marca para así evitar cualquier escándalo público.
La sucesión de empresa tras la última reforma concursal (aspectos competenciales)
Authors: Palomo Balda Emilio
Published: November 2022

La Ley orgánica 6/1985, de 1 de julio, del Poder Judicial, se ha visto profundamente modificada por la Ley orgánica 7/2022, de 27 de julio, en materia de juzgados de lo mercantil, que da nueva redacción a un importante número de preceptos de aquella. Entre los cambios introducidos, figura el efectuado en el artículo 86 ter con la finalidad de resolver las dudas y los conflictos competenciales surgidos, que habían terminado por desincentivar el recurso a la figura de la enajenación de la unidad productiva en sede concursal, ante la eventualidad de que lo decidido por el juez mercantil en los aspectos laborales y de seguridad social no fuese respetado por los órganos de la jurisdicción social y contencioso-administrativa. Con tal designio, la disposición indicada establece que la jurisdicción del juez del concurso será exclusiva y excluyente en «la declaración de la existencia de sucesión de empresa a efectos laborales y de seguridad social en los casos de transmisión de unidad o de unidades productivas y la determinación de los límites de esa declaración conforme a lo dispuesto en la legislación laboral y de seguridad social». Por su parte, la reforma del texto refundido de la Ley concursal, operada por la Ley 16/2022, de 5 de septiembre, ahonda en el camino marcado por la citada ley orgánica, en términos no estrictamente coincidentes, como se desprende de la lectura de los artículos 52 y 221.2,lo que plantea algunos problemas interpretativos de los que se da cuenta en este trabajo, en el que también se abordan las cuestiones de derecho transitorio que se suscitan. No obstante, el objetivo principal que persigue es poner de manifiesto el efecto real de la reforma sobre las acciones que pueden ejercitar los representantes del personal y las personas trabajadoras afectadas en defensa de sus derechos en el contexto de la venta de la unidad productiva y del expediente de regulación de empleo concursal al que por lo común da lugar, así como el alcance del control de los órganos de la jurisdicción social en ese marco.
Changes in accommodation with visual fatigue among digital device users
Authors: Sigamani Sivaletchumi , Majumder Chiranjib , Sukumaran Sheiladevi
Published: November 2022

Background: Visual fatigue is categorized as a complex phenomenon that decreases visual performance. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in accommodation at different levels of visual fatigue among students of a Malaysian private university using digital devices.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, students regardless of sex and ethnicity were included. A comprehensive eye examination was performed. After estimating the level of visual fatigue, the amplitude of accommodation (AA), accommodation facility (AF), and monocular estimation method (MEM) were measured. The visual fatigue questionnaire was filled out by the participants. Participants were categorized based on the visual fatigue scores into low, moderate, and high visual fatigue groups. Moderate and severe visual fatigue groups were combined, as the distribution of participants was uneven across the groups. Accommodation parameters were measured for each group and compared between the two groups, i.e., the low visual fatigue group and the combined moderate to severe visual fatigue group.

Results: We enrolled a total of 86 students, including 29 (33.72%) men and 57 (66.28%) women, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 22.02 (1.51) years and age ranging from 19 to 26 years. By ethnicity, there were 69 (80.23%) Chinese, five (5.81%) Indian, four (4.65%) Malay, and eight (9.30%) participants from other ethnicities. Most participants were in the low visual fatigue group (54.65%), followed by the severe (25.58%) and moderate (19.77%) visual fatigue groups. AA for both eyes and AF for the right eye differed significantly between the two groups (both P < 0.05). None of the accommodative parameters correlated with visual fatigue (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: Binocular AA and monocular AF significantly differed between the visual fatigue groups, but MEM was comparable. However, none of the accommodative parameters correlated with visual fatigue. These perceived vision dysfunctions could affect the visual skills of students. Therefore, future studies on the relationship between the observed dysfunctions and students’ reading performance are necessary.
problema de la energía en El Salvador
Authors: Sebastián Luis de
Published: November 2022

En este trabajo se trata en primer lugar de cuantificar las dimensiones del problema energético en El Salvador. Se analiza, además, las raíces del problema, por lo menos en lo que toca al petróleo, como el haber optado por un modelo del consumo urbano y una cultura del automóvil, que trae consigo un gran uso no productivo de petróleo; este consumo es también irracional en el sentido de que no tiene en cuenta la limitación de los recursos de que el país dispone, recursos que habría que gastar prioritariamente en hacer frente a las necesidades básicas de las mayorías pobres. En este contexto se comentan las recientes medidas propuestas por el gobierno para ahorrar petróleo. Finalmente, se analiza aquí la alternativa energética de la electricidad y se llega a la conclusión que es necesario tomar ya medidas, la interconexión con Centroamérica sería una de ellas, para responder a la demanda de dentro de 10 o 15 años.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 403-412.
Primera encíclica de Juan Pablo II
Authors: J. S.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 434-435.
Democracia aparente, democracia de participación limitada o simplemente democracia
Authors: González Gabriel A.
Published: November 2022

En El Salvador, como en tantos otros países de América Latina, se ha jugado incansablemente con la palabra democracia para permitir toda serie de actividades antidemocráticas. Parecería que en principio todos aceptan la necesidad y la obligación de ser demócratas, pero en la práctica se elude esa necesidad y obligación a través de una concepción y una práctica de la democracia, que anulan los valores más esenciales pretendidos por ésta. El artículo muestra a través de qué subterfugios teóricos y estructurales se ha llevado a cabo esto en el país, a la vez que muestra cómo debería entenderse una democracia sin apelativos, como forma de solución para la crisis de El Salvador.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 527-532.
¿Es capitalista el "capitalismo salvadoreño"?
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: November 2022

La pregunta se plantea porque ambos términos de la comparación son ambiguos: los modelos capitalistas evolucionan y se socializan, mientras que el llamado capitalismo salvadoreño, quizás no es ni tan capitalista ni tan salvadoreño. La respuesta avanza en cuatro etapas: las supervivencias de pasados sistemas, el feudal en concreto, impregnan e informan nuestra economía. Además "nuestra economía nacional" no es tan "nuestra o nacional", al pivotear tan dependientemente sobre el "extranjero": ¿quién dirige la economía? Mirando hacia los modelos capitalistas socialmente más avanzados, los europeos, se resume brevemente su evolución, quizás convergencia: de dónde y hacia dónde derivan, en orden a ubicar nuestra economía en algún punto de esa órbita. Sin duda avanzamos despacio; y por añadidura mientras continuemos siendo "Estados Des-unidos de Centro América" no podremos sobrepasar la fase de "capitalismo de bolsillo", en un mundo donde reinan los grandes.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 534-544.
movimiento obrero en El Salvador
Authors: Samayoa Salvador , Galván Guillermo
Published: November 2022

El medio sindical salvadoreño ha experimentado en los últimos meses una creciente ola de agitación organizativa y reivindicativa después de muchos años de frustración y letargo. El resurgimiento es imputable a los nuevos actores políticos: las organizaciones populares (BPR y FAPU). El auge organizativo parece estar siendo posibilitado por los nuevos principios y métodos de lucha político-sindical que han impulsado tales organizaciones. El deterioro de la incidencia de los grupos políticos tradicionales en el medio sindical también se ha hecho palpable. El choque violento y la ilegalidad caracterizan cada día más la forma de lucha de importantes sectores obreros. La alianza de diversos sectores populares en los conflictos se ha convertido asimismo en una nueva modalidad de la lucha. En síntesis, el mapa político-sindical ha experimentado profundas y quizá irreversibles reorientaciones que los autores analizan y evalúan en este artículo, haciendo acopio de información amplia y reciente.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 591-600.
estamento militar en El Salvador
Authors: Martínez Carlos Andino
Published: November 2022

El tema de los militares es uno de los menos abordados en publicaciones, tal vez por la dificultad de investigarlo. En este artículo se hace un análisis del papel que la Constitución les asigna, para pasar después a compararlo con el que de hecho desempeñan en la vida nacional. La primera característica, la profesionalización de la Fuerza Armada, es analizada en cuanto a la formación de sus integrantes, y a las retribuciones que perciben. La otra característica señalada por la Constitución, la apoliticidad, parece no cumplirse, debido al proceso de militarización de la vida pública, tanto por la ocupación de cargos en la Administración, como por detentar los militares muchos puestos en otra serie de organismos y entidades autónomas del país.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 615-630.
Efektivitas Kerja Aparatur Pemerintah Kecamatan dalam Pelayanan Publik
Authors: Attamimi Ulfah
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of sub-district government employees' work in providing public services at the Wua-Wua sub-district office of Kendari city is described in this study.Data will be collected using descriptive qualitative research methodology, including observations, interviews, and literature reviews. There were 11 research informants, consisting of the Camat, Secretary of the Camat, Head of the Integrated Services Section, service staff, and 7 members of the community. Observations or observations of the working atmosphere of employees in public services so that the effectiveness of their performance is illustrated. An interactive model with four stages—data collecting, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion—was used to examine the obtained data. The study's findings show that employees' efforts are generally effective and helpful to the provision of public services. This is based on factors including productivity, punctuality, and infrastructure accessibility. However, it was discovered from these three factors that the productivity component was not spread equally among all employees. The employees' incompetence, lack of talent, and outside influences are to blame for this predicament.
EVALUATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS ACCORDING TO SEASON, AGE, AND GENDER IN MARDIN PROVINCE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Authors: DÜNDAR Ahmet
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D is a steroid in character and a fat-soluble vitamin. It is produced primarily from cholesterol in the skin and is also taken up in a small amount in the diet. 25(OH)D3 levels are used as an indirect measure of vitamin D levels. Our aim was to investigate the variation in serum 25(OH)D3 levels of patients admitted to the hospital in and around Mardin based on gender, season, and age. 25(OH)D3 concentrations were evaluated at Mardin Training and Research Hospital between 01.01.2017 and 01.01.2020. Our study established subgroups according to gender, season, age, and 25(OH)D3 status. 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured using the chemiluminescence method. A significant decrease was observed in the 25(OH)D3 levels of female (13.62±11.53 ng/ml) patients compared to male patients (12.14±9.38 ng/ml).. A significant increase was detected in the summer and autumn seasons compared to winter and spring (p
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLES ON THEIR ACHIEVEMENT IN READING SKILLS
Authors:   STKIP Syekh Manshur, Dewi Fithrotunnisa Eka , Liah Khoiriyah Eneng ,   STKIP Syekh Manshur, Imtihanudin Dede ,   STKIP Syekh Manshur
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study is to know the difference between students learning styles. The study was held in the second grade of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Attaubah Batu Bantar Pandeglang. The research method of this study is a causal-comparative (ex post facto) using a purposive sampling technique. The 30 students were involved in the research. They were classified into three different learning styles through a test. The Percentage and bifilar linear regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The majority of students had a visual learning style according to the data analysis. The other two are kinesthetic and auditory learning style. 54,9% of students' English achievement is influenced by learning styles and 45,1% is influenced by other factors. According to the data, it can be concluded that the visual learning style is the best way to get a better comprehension of reading skills.
RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY SOCIAL SUPPORT WITH EMOTIONAL STRESS IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Bahtiar Heri , Ariyanti Maelina
Published: November 2022

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan salah satu dari empat penyakit tidak menular prioritas yang menjadi masalah global. Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013 di temukan penembahan kasus 69,9% kasus baru dari 30,4% kasus sebelumnya. Keluarga menjadi orang yang paling dekat yang dapat berperan aktif dalam meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan penderita Diabetes militus, terutama dalam mengurangi tingkat stress yang dapat memperburuk kondisi penderita Diabetes militus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga dengan tingkat stress emosional pada pasien diabetes militus. Desain penelitian ini adalah Observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cros Sectional. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien Diabetes Mellitus yang berada di Kelurahan kuang Sumbawa Barat, yaitu sebanyak 59 orang dengan tehnik sampling total sampling . Data dianalisis  menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman. Hasil Penelitian ini  menunjukan  bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga dalam menurunkan tingkat stress sebagian besar dengan kategor sedang  sebanyak 29 orang (49,2%) dengan nilai  (P value 0,000<0,05) yang artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Dukungan sosial keluarga dengan tingkat stress pasien diabetes militus. Kesimpulanya adalah semakin baik dukungan sosial keluarga maka tingkat stress pasien diabetes militus semakin ringan. Saran : Perlu adanya peran serta keluarga untuk memberikan dukungan sosial yang positif kepada pasien Diabetes Melitus.
RESEARCH OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Kotelevets Anastasiia
Published: November 2022

Volunteering is gaining momentum with each year of Ukraine’s independence. Since 2014, volunteering has shifted to the needs of the war. On February 24, 2022, the war moved into a phase of a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and volunteering confronted new challenges and tasks.
The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of «volunteering» and «social activity». One of the manifestations of social activity is volunteering. Researchers note that volunteering is one of the foundations of civil society, as without the participation of volunteers, it is difficult to imagine public organizations and charity in general. Volunteering is one of the effective mechanisms for solving the problems and needs of the community, where volunteer programs and initiatives are implemented.
The article considers the data of the All-Ukrainian sociological research “Attitudes of young people to participation in volunteering”, conducted by the sociologist M. Krasiy. The analytical report of D. Horielov and O. Kornievskyi – “Volunteer movement: international experience and Ukrainian civic practices” has been analyzed in this research study. On its basis, we created own table with the types of volunteer activities during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The table considers humanitarian projects, environmental projects, as well as cultural and historical initiatives.
The data of the “Eighth National Survey: Adaptation of Ukrainians to the Conditions of War” from the “Rating” Sociological Group were considered. According to it almost 80 % of respondents participate in one way or another in defending the country, including 35 % volunteering, and helping people/military. The article also deals with the study of the International Youth Project of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - U-Report, on volunteering during the war. At the request of the United Nations, in December 2014, the company “GfK Ukraine” conducted a nationwide survey of volunteering in Ukraine. According to the survey, 85% believe that the volunteer movement helps to strengthen peace, and 81% tend to consider the volunteer movement a necessary part of civil society. The main activity of volunteers in 2014 was to help the Ukrainian army and the wounded - 70% of volunteers were involved in this kind of activity.
Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Hipertensi Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Puskesmas X Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Astuti Karunita
Published: November 2022

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit kematian dini dan akan terus berkembang apabila tidak di tangani dengan baik. Di perkirakan 1,56 miliar orang dewasa akan terkena hipertensi pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan obat hipertensi di salah satu Puskesmas di kabupaten tanah laut periode pada April – Mei 2019. Penelitian bersifat observasional Cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 300 resep. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin dari 300 resep yang paling banyak perempuan yaitu 230 (77%) kasus dibandingkan dengan laki-laki 70 (23%), obat paling banyak di resepkan adalah di kelompok usia 46-55 tahun mempunyai jumlah terbesar sebagai penderita hipertensi dengan persentase 44% atau 132 pasien,nifedipin (61%) 2.669 tablet dan jumlah pasien sebanyak 148 orang (49%).
Détection de changements basée sur les covariances de séries d’images SAR
Authors: MIAN Ammar , GINOLHAC Guillaume , OVARLEZ Jean-Philippe , BRELOY Arnaud , PASCAL Frédéric
Published: November 2022

Ce chapitre propose un aperçu des méthodologies de comparaisons basées sur les matrices de covariance locale des pixels multivariés. L'étendue de cet aperçu est spécifiée par les conditions suivantes : 1) l'accent est mis sur les méthodologies non supervisées; 2) nous considérons des pixels multivariés, où les canaux peuvent correspondre à une diversité polarimétrique, ou à un autre type de diversité selon le prétraitement. Le principal exemple sera la diversité spectro-angulaire, obtenue par l'intermédiaire de transformées en ondelettes; 3) la matrice de covariance des pavés de pixels locaux sera considérée comme un attribut essentiel pour procéder à des déductions concernant des changements dans les séries chronologiques.
Biogéographie fongique
Authors: NETHERWAY Tarquin , BAHRAM Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Ce chapitre propose un état des lieux sur les champignons et les facteurs qui déterminent leurs patrons biogéographiques, en se concentrant principalement sur les champignons terrestres et en particulier sur les champignons mycorhiziens, en raison de leurs patrons biogéographiques mieux établis et plus étudiés. Il donne également un aperçu de la biogéographie des champignons aquatiques et associés aux animaux. Il est important de comprendre l'histoire de l'évolution des champignons car cela pourrait expliquer certains de leurs patrons biogéographiques, notamment en ce qui concerne les symbioses. Le chapitre aborde la manière dont les fonctions des champignons et leurs interactions avec d'autres organismes peuvent affecter la biogéographie fongique. Les changements environnementaux mondiaux induits par les perturbations humaines, le changement climatique et les risques naturels peuvent modifier fondamentalement la répartition et l'activité des champignons dans le temps et l'espace, tandis que les champignons peuvent atténuer ou exacerber les effets des changements mondiaux sur d'autres groupes d'organismes.
An oxidation flow reactor for simulating and accelerating secondary aerosol formation in aerosol liquid water and cloud droplets
Authors: Xu Ningjin , Le Chen , Cocker David R. , Collins Don R.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Liquid water in cloud droplets and aqueous aerosols serves as an important reaction medium for the formation of secondary aerosol through aqueous-phase reactions (aqSA). Large uncertainties remain in estimates of the production and chemical evolution of aqSA in the dilute solutions found in cloud droplets and the concentrated solutions found in aerosol liquid water, which is partly due to the lack of available measurement tools and techniques. A new oxidation flow reactor (OFR), the Accelerated Production and Processing of Aerosols (APPA) reactor, was developed to measure secondary aerosol formed through gas- and aqueous-phase reactions, both for laboratory gas mixtures containing one or more precursors and for ambient air. For simulating in-cloud processes, droplets formed on monodisperse seed particles are introduced into the top of the reactor and the relative humidity (RH) inside it is controlled to 100 %. Similar measurements made with the RH in the reactor <100 % provide contrasts for aerosol formation with no liquid water and with varying amounts of aerosol liquid water. The reactor was characterized through a series of experiments and used to form secondary aerosol from known concentrations of an organic precursor and from ambient air. The transmission efficiency of O3 and CO2 for all RH and of SO2 for low RH exceeds 90 %, while it falls to about 70 % for SO2 at 100 % RH. Particle transmission efficiency increases with increasing particle diameter from 0.67 for 0.050 μm particles to 0.98 at 0.20 μm, while that of the ~3.3 μm droplets formed on seed particles is greater than 80 %. The residence time distributions of both gases and particles are narrow relative to other OFRs and lack the tails at long residence time expected with laminar flow. Initial cloud processing experiments focused on the well-studied oxidation of dissolved SO2 by O3, with observed growth of seed particles resulting from the added sulfuric acid agreeing well with estimates based on the relevant set of aqueous phase reactions. The OH exposure (OHexp) for low RH, high RH, and in-cloud conditions was determined experimentally from the loss of SO2 and benzene, and simulated from the KinSim chemical kinetics solver with inputs of measured 254 nm UV intensity profile through the reactor and loss of O3 due to photolysis. The aerosol yield for benzene at high OHexp ranged from 18 % at low RH with dry seed particles present in the reactor to 59 % with cloud droplets present. Measurement of the composition of the secondary aerosol formed from ambient air using an aerosol mass spectrometer showed that the oxygen to carbon ratio (O : C) of the organic component increased with increasing RH (and liquid water content).