bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory Boom or Memory Fatigue in 21st Century Germany?
Authors: Langenbacher Eric , Eigler Friederike
Published: June 2007

Is "memory fatigue" setting in? One often hears this question in regards to Germans whenever another Holocaust-centered or Nazi era memory event erupts. But, one also increasingly hears this question about intellectuals and scholars in the humanities. Political scientists, lamentably, never really got into the study of memory in the first place. As an overly qualitative phenomenon the study of collective memory was impervious to dominant quantitative or rationalist methodologies in the discipline. Like culture more generally, it was considered either a default category or an irrelevant factor for the core of political analysis—interests and institutions—and was best left to the humanities or sociology. Others have argued that memory never really mattered at all for the vast majority of Germans who are interested in the consumerist present or for a proper understanding of the political system. At the most, it concerned only a small circle of the German elite and media such as the feuilleton section of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Der Spiegel, and, certain German studies centers and journals in the USA.
Between Globalization and Particularization of Memories: Screen Images of the Holocaust in Germany and Poland
Authors: Stimmel Joanna K.
Published: June 2007

With the increasing medialization of cultural memory regarding

World War II and the Holocaust, cinematic texts become significant

components of our remembrance. Not only videotaped witness testimonies

but also documentaries and fictional films make up the growing

body of visual material that tells of the wartime past and the way

we remember it. Today, the great majority of the filmmakers depicting

the Holocaust on screen—as well as their audiences—belong to

the so-called second and third generations. Born too late to have witnessed

the murder of Europe’s Jews, these film directors nonetheless

declare a very strong personal connection to the past they never

knew. Their renditions of this past is, as Marianne Hirsch argues,

driven by the “postmemory,” a type of memory in which the connection

to its object or source is mediated not through recollection

but rather through imagination and creation.
Reading the Writings on the Walls— Remembering East Berlin
Authors: Gerstenberger Katharina
Published: June 2007

Between the end of the Cold War in 1989 and the sixtieth anniversary of the end of World War II more than fifteen years later, Germany witnessed not only a proliferation of events and experiences to be remembered but also of traditions of memory. Before the fall of the wall, remembrance of the past in West Germany meant, above all, commemoration of the Nazi past and the memory of the Holocaust. Germany's unification had a significant impact on cultural memory not only because the fall of the wall itself was an event of memorable significance but also because it gave new impulses to debates about the politics of memory.
Control of uncertain nonlinear systems with arbitrary relative degree and unknown control direction using sliding modes
Authors: Oliveira T. R. , Peixoto A. J. , Nunes E. V. L. , Hsu L.
Published: June 2007

The control of uncertain nonlinear systems by output feedback is addressed. A model‐reference tracking sliding mode controller is designed for uncertain plants with arbitrary relative degree. Nonlinearities of a given class are incorporated as state dependent and possibly unmatched disturbances of a linear plant. Such class encompasses nonlinear systems which are triangular in the unmeasured states. In contrast with previous works, exact tracking is achieved by means of a switching strategy based on a locally exact differentiator, and a monitoring function is used to cope with the lack of knowledge of the control direction. Global or semi‐global stability properties of the closed‐loop system are proved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Dispersants for the Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in an Organic Solvent
Authors: Kim K. K. , Yoon S.‐M. , Choi J.‐Y. , Lee J. , Kim B.‐K. , Kim J. M. , Lee J.‐H. , Paik U. , Park M. H. , Yang C. W. , An K. H. , Chung Y. , Lee Y. H.
Published: June 2007

The effect of dispersant structures for dispersing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is investigated. The monomer 3‐hexylthiophene is used as the starting material for the development of a series of oligomers that are used to disperse SWCNTs in an organic solvent. The series is obtained by varying the number of head groups, the regioregularity of head groups, and the head‐to‐tail ratios of the hexyl group in the oligomers. The SWCNT solutions are characterized with UV‐vis–near‐IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An increase in the number of head groups improves the dispersity of SWCNTs, and a regioregular oligomer plays an important role in dispersing SWCNTs. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the sulfur atom head groups enhance interactions between the thiophenes and the SWCNT walls. The analysis demonstrated that a well‐designed thiophene oligomer could afford well‐dispersed SWCNT solutions with long‐term dispersion stability, even with an extremely low dispersant concentration (weight ratio of CNTs/dispersant is one and the dispersant concentration is 0.1 g L–1).
Controlling the Structure and Morphology of Monodisperse Polystyrene/Polyaniline Composite Particles
Authors: Wu Q. , Wang Z. , Xue G.
Published: June 2007

The fabrication of a conducting polyaniline (PANi) matrix based on a template of polystyrene (PS) latex is of interest from an academic and application viewpoint. In this Full Paper, we propose a distinctly novel strategy, which involves swelling followed by diffusion and polymerization at the interface, to fabricate PANi‐coated PS microspheres with uniform size and well‐defined shape, regardless of the type of “naked” PS seed particles. Compared to the widely used conventional synthetic protocol, this method affords much more effective control over the structure and morphology of the resultant composites by simply changing the aniline/PS weight ratio or the rate of addition of the doping agent. In addition, it guarantees the easy and successful production of a hollow nanostructure of a conducing polymer with a uniform, intact shell. The synthesized composites have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, C, H, and N elemental microanalyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanism governing the formation of the composites is discussed.
CFD modeling of binary‐fluidized suspensions and investigation of role of particle–particle drag on mixing and segregation
Authors: Owoyemi Olumuyiwa , Mazzei Luca , Lettieri Paola
Published: June 2007

A model is presented for the prediction of the fluid dynamic behaviour of binary suspensions of solid particles fluidized by Newtonian fluids. The equations of motion for the fluid and solid phases are derived by extending the averaged two‐fluid equations of change for identical spheres in Newtonian fluids developed by Anderson and Jackson and Jackson. A new closure relationship for the fluid–particle interaction force is employed and a new numerical algorithm is developed to control the solid compaction in each particle phase. The article also presents a comparison between three different equations of closure for the particle–particle drag implemented within the model. Predictions of the fluidization behavior obtained by the proposed model are validated against experimental results in terms of solid mixing and segregation, bed expansion and bubble dynamics. Two‐dimensional CFD simulations are performed in a bed of rectangular geometry using ballotini with particle sizes of 200 and 350 μm. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Blood compatibility and mechanical properties of oxidized‐chitosan films
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Zhou Yongguo , Chuo Huimin , Wang Shuyuan , Yu Jiugao
Published: June 2007

By dipping chitosan films into saturated NO2–glacial acetic acid solution, the hydromethyl groups on the film surface could be oxidized to carboxyl groups and the blood compatibility of the films improved. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of many COOH and COO− groups on the modified membrane surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the modified membrane was rough, as compared with the chitosan film, which possessed a smooth surface. In the oxidation process, with increased dipping time of the films in saturated NO2–glacial acetic acid solution, the tensile strength of the films decreased slowly initially, and rapidly 10 h later. The swelling ratio of the modified chitosan film increased obvious noticeably as the degree of oxidation of the film increased. All antithrombosis and hemolysis tests and blood cell morphology observation with SEM revealed that the blood compatibility of modified chitosan membranes is superior to that of chitosan films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis, characterization, and electrical properties of diazophenylene bridged Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, and Er phthalocyanine polymers
Authors: Alkan Cemil , Aras Leyla , Gündüz Güngör
Published: June 2007

In this research, diazophenylene bridged metal‐phthalocyanine (Pc) polymers were produced from diazonium salt of 1,4‐diaminophenylene and presynthesized 1,8,15,22‐tetraamino metal‐Pcs. 1,8,15,22‐Tetraamino metal‐Pc complexes of Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, and Er were obtained by reducing 1,8,15,22‐tetranitro metal‐Pc complexes synthesized from 3‐nitrophthalic anhydride, urea, metal salt, and ammonium molybdate catalyst. Complexes and polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and X‐ray powder diffraction spectroscopes. X‐ray analysis of the polymers showed that there were short‐range orientations in the polymers. Thermal analysis of the complexes and the polymers were done by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) at a heating rate of 10°C min−1 under nitrogen atmosphere. Ash analysis was performed to determine the metal content of the polymers. Viscosimetry and ebullioscopy measurements of the soluble part of the polymers were done for molecular weight analysis of the soluble part in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C. Four‐probe conductivity measurements on isothermal conditions revealed that the polymer samples showed 104 fold increases in their electrical conductivities when doped with iodine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation and characterization of novel sodium alginate/chitosan two ply composite membranes
Authors: Ma Lihua , Yu Weiting , Ma Xiaojun
Published: June 2007

Sodium alginate/chitosan (SA/CS) two ply composite membranes were prepared by casting and solvent evaporation technique. NaHCO3 was used as a porogen additive to form pores in the interior of the composite membranes and glycerol was introduced as a plasticizer. The water uptake capacity, mechanical strength, oxygen permeation property, and in vitro cytotoxicity were evaluated to test the feasibility to utilize the composite membranes for wound dressing. The average pore size, water uptake capacity, and oxygen permeation property of the composite membranes could be adjusted by the ratio of NaHCO3 in the SA solution. The SA/CS two ply composite membranes showed high water uptake capacity, suitable mechanical strength, excellent oxygen permeability, and good biocompatible. It indicates that the SA/CS two ply composite membranes are suitable for wound dressing application. It provides a simple but promising platform to fabricate wound dressing using natural polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Disulfiram is an Inhibitor of Human Purified Monoacylglycerol Lipase, the Enzyme Regulating 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol Signaling
Authors: Labar Geoffray , Bauvois Cédric , Muccioli Giulio G. , Wouters Johan , Lambert Didier M.
Published: June 2007

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme responsible for the termination of endocannabinoid signaling. Its crucial role in 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) metabolism, together with the numerous pharmacological properties mediated by this endocannabinoid, emphasize the interest in MAGL as therapeutic target, along with the need to design potent and selective inhibitors. Meanwhile, the complexity of 2‐AG degradation pathways underscores the need to use a purified source of enzyme in evaluation studies of new inhibitors. We report here the first heterologous expression and purification of human MAGL. A highly pure protein was obtained and allowed us to measure the affinity of several MAGL inhibitors for the human enzyme. Importantly, disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide), a compound used to treat alcoholism, and other disulfide‐containing compounds were shown to inhibit MAGL with good potency, likely through an interaction with cysteine residues.
Cobalt‐Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition versus CH and NH Activation of Pyridones and Pyrazinones with Alkynes: An Experimental Study
Authors: Aubert Corinne , Betschmann Patrick , Eichberg Michael J. , Gandon Vincent , Heckrodt Thilo J. , Lehmann Jürg , Malacria Max , Masjost Birgit , Paredes Elisa , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Whitener Glenn D.
Published: June 2007

The reactivity of a range of pyridone and pyrazinone derivatives towards alkynes in the presence of cyclopentadienylcobaltbis(ethene) has been investigated. Depending on the nature of the substrates, [2+2+2]‐ or [2+2] cycloaddition, CH, or NH activation may occur. In the case of pyridones, the first three predominated with N‐protected derivatives, whereas substrates containing NH bonds followed an NH activation pathway. The [2+2+2] cycloaddition of an N‐butynylisoquinolone was applied successfully to the total synthesis of anhydrolycorinone. Pyrazinone substrates showed similar patterns of reactivity.
Selective Tuning of the Band Gap of π‐Conjugated Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]phospholes toward Different Emission Colors
Authors: Dienes Yvonne , Durben Stefan , Kárpáti Tamás , Neumann Toni , Englert Ulli , Nyulászi László , Baumgartner Thomas
Published: June 2007

The systematic extension of the π‐conjugated system of strongly blue‐luminescent dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]phospholes has been investigated with the goal of obtaining different emission colors. Functionalization of the 2‐ and 6‐position of the dithienophosphole scaffold with halogen substituents provided functional building blocks for subsequent cross‐coupling experiments with various homo‐ and heteroaryls to selectively decrease the band gap of the materials. By this strategy materials with different emission colors ranging from green via yellow to orange could be obtained. This feature supports their suitability for organic light‐emitting diodes with respect to an application in full‐color flat‐panel displays. The experimental results were nicely supported by theoretical DFT calculations providing a deeper understanding of the electronic structure in the extended materials, and also allowing for the design of future materials based on a dithienophosphole core. Furthermore, the phosphorus center in the extended molecular materials can efficiently be fine‐tuned in subsequent simple chemical functionalizations. This allows for a tailoring of the optoelectronic properties of the extended dithienophospholes to suit the requirements of potential applications.
Band Energy and Thermoelectricity of Filled Skutterudites LaFe4Sb12 and CeFe4Sb12
Authors: Nouneh K. , Reshak Ali H. , Auluck S. , Kityk I. V. , Viennois R. , Benet S. , Charar S.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cu(Cu0.44Cr4.56)Ge2O12: A Close‐Packed Oxide with CuO4 Tetrahedra.
Authors: Redhammer Guenther J. , Roth Georg , Amthauer Georg
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
LiMn3(SeO3)2(HSeO3)6.
Authors: Johnston Magnus G. , Harrison William T. A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
K2[Ga(B5O10)]×4H2O: The First Chiral Zeolite‐Like Galloborate with Large Odd 11‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Hong , Yang Ping , Li Ping
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Layered Germanide Halides Ln2GeX2 (Ln: Y, Gd; X: Br, I).
Authors: Lukachuk Mar'yana , Kremer Reinhard K. , Mattausch Hansjuergen , Simon Arndt
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Large, Bowl‐Shaped {Mo51V9} Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Wang Sheng , Lin Xiang , Wan Ying , Yang Wenbin , Zhang Shengmin , Lu Canzhong , Zhuang Honghui
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two Isolable Conformers of Dihydropentahelicenediol Derivatives: Stereochemical Property and Its Utility for Asymmetric Reactions.
Authors: Ohmori Ken , Furuya Sanae , Yamanoi Shigeo , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized on PEG‐Modified Silica as Catalysts for the Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Hou Zhenshan , Theyssen Nils , Leitner Walter
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
m‐Iodosylbenzoic Acid as a Convenient Recyclable Reagent for Highly Efficient RuCl3‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yusubov Mekhman S. , Gilmkhanova Marina P. , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Kirschning Andreas
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple, Efficient and Recyclable Copper(II) Acetylacetonate Catalytic System for Oxidation of sec‐Alcohols in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Liu Chong , Han Jinyu , Wang Juan
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Isopropylidene‐N′‐2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl Hydrazine, a Reagent for Reduction of Alcohols via the Corresponding Monoalkyl Diazenes.
Authors: Movassaghi Mohammad , Ahmad Omar K.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted, Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylations of Heteroaromatic Bromides Using Solid Mo(CO)6 as the Carbon Monoxide Source.
Authors: Letavic Michael A. , Ly Kiev S.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Primary tert‐Alkylamines by the Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Nitriles Mediated by Ti(O‐iPr)4.
Authors: Tomashenko Olesya , Sokolov Viktor , Tomashevskiy Alexander , de Meijere Armin
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Cross‐Coupling Between N‐Acylbenzimidazoles and Diarylketones Promoted by Sm/TiCl4.
Authors: Du Jingxing , Wang Xiaoxia , Zheng Renwei
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lithiation‐Induced Migrations from Nitrogen to Carbon in Terminal Aziridines.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Humphreys Philip G. , Xu Zhaoqing , Ward John G.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Syntheses of Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones and Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones from 1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)alkan‐1‐ones by CuBr2 or CuCl2.
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Nishimura Akinori , Yago Misato , Sasaki Mitsuru
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Oxygenated Benzothiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Fuyao , Mitchell David , Pollock Patrick , Zhang Tony Y.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Synthesis of 2‐(Aminomethyl)indoles Through Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Three‐Component Coupling and Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Ohta Yusuke , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by SiO2/P2O5—SeO2 under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions.
Authors: Paul Satya , Sharma Shivani , Gupta Monika , Choudhary Deepak , Gupta Rajive
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Hetaryl‐2‐cyanoacetamides in the Synthesis of Substituted (E)‐N‐Hetaryl‐2‐cyanoacrylamides, (E)‐N‐Alkyl‐N‐hetaryl‐2‐cyanoacrylamides, and 6‐Amino‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1‐ (pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Dyachenko I. V. , Dyachenko V. D. , Rusanov E. B.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New One‐Step Procedure for the Synthesis of 6H‐Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolines and 8a,9,14,14a‐Tetrahydro‐8H‐benzo[5,6]chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Tomashevskaya M. M. , Tomashenko O. A. , Tomashevskii A. A. , Sokolov V. V. , Potekhin A. A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of N‐Aryl‐3‐oxobutanethioamides with 2‐Amino‐1,3‐thiazole and 2‐Amino‐1,3‐benzothiazole.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Borisevich A. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potent Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐β Receptor (PDGF‐βR) Inhibitors: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 7‐[3‐(Cyclohexylmethyl)ureido]‐3‐{1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrolo [2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl}quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Aoki Katsuyuki , et al. et al.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Aminomorpholines. Access to Related Diamino Alcohols.
Authors: Regnier Thomas , Berree Fabienne , Lavastre Olivier , Carboni Bertrand
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of First Nonannulated 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine 1,3‐Dioxides
Authors: Tyurin A. Yu. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Ratnikov M. O. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile and Green Synthetic Route to Boronic Acid Esters Utilizing Mechanochemistry.
Authors: Schnuerch Michael , Holzweber Markus , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Stanetty Peter
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triterpenes and Flavonol Glucuronides from Oenothera cheiranthifolia.
Authors: Nakanishi Tsutomu , Inatomi Yuka , Murata Hiroko , Ishida Syun‐suke , Fujino Yuri , Miura Kanako , Yasuno Yoshito , Inada Akira , Lang Frank A. , Murata Jin
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Marine Bisindole Alkaloid (+)‐cis‐Dihydrohamacanthin B.
Authors: Higuchi Kazuhiro , Takei Ryousuke , Kouko Takashi , Kawasaki Tomomi
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sequential Cross‐Metathesis/Cyclopropanation: Short Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Cascarillic Acid and (.+‐.)‐Grenadamide.
Authors: Salim Hani , Piva Olivier
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐12,13‐epi‐Obtusenyne.
Authors: Suzuki Toshio , Yoshino Nobuyuki , Uemura Toshiyuki , Hagiwara Hisahiro , Hoshi Takashi
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Density Storage of H2 in Microporous Crystalline Silica at Ambient Conditions.
Authors: van den Berg Annemieke W. C. , Pescarmona Paolo P. , Schoonman Joop , Jansen Jacobus C.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films by MOCVD.
Authors: Martinez Guerrero R. , Vargas Garcia J. R. , Santes V. , Gomez E.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Perspectives of Nb3Sn in Future Accelerator Magnets
Authors: Limon Peter J.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Transient Surface Species
Authors: Lamberti C. , Groppo E. , Spoto G. , Bordiga S. , Zecchina A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Sugar Esters and Related Compounds
Authors: Kennedy John F. , Kumar Harish , Panesar Parmjit S. , Marwaha Satwinder S. , Goyal Rita , Parmar Anupama , Kaur Sukhwinder
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in 1,2‐Diamination of Alkenes
Authors: Mortensen Matt S. , O'Doherty George A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SNi Fragmentations of Alkoxychlorocarbenes
Authors: Moss Robert A. , Fu Xiaolin , Sauers Ronald R.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Supports for Synthesis
Authors: Handy Scott T. , Okello Maurice , Bwambok David
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in Hydrovinylation and Hydroalkenylation Processes
Authors: Azizov A. H. , Mamedaliyev H. A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterogeneous Asymmetric Aquacatalysis with Polymer‐Supported Palladium Complexes
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antituberculosis Drugs: Ten Years of Research
Authors: Janin Yves L.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Kuehl Olaf
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Pnictogen(III)—Nitrogen Ring Systems
Authors: Balakrishna Maravanji S. , Eisler Dana , Chivers Tristram
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Role of Secondary Interactions in the Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Olefins with Monophosphane Ligands
Authors: Gibson Susan E. , Rudd Matthew
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organocatalysts
Authors: Marion Nicolas , Diez‐Gonzales Silvia , Nolan Steven P.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress on the Stereoselective Synthesis of Acyclic Quaternary α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Cativiela Carlos , Diaz‐de‐Villegas Maria D.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
′Click′ Chemistry in Polymer and Materials Science
Authors: Binder Wolfgang H. , Sachsenhofer Robert
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isoflavonoids (2004)
Authors: Andersen Oyvind M.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photochemical Control of Biological Processes
Authors: Young Douglas D. , Deiters Alexander
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
pH‐Responsive Multi‐PEGylated Dual Cationic Nanoparticles Enable Charge Modulations for Safe Gene Delivery
Authors: Xiong May P. , Bae Younsoo , Fukushima Shigeto , Forrest M. Laird , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Kataoka Kazunori , Kwon Glen S.
Published: June 2007

In gene therapy, the cytotoxicity of many polycations is undesirable and has been attributed to nonspecific membrane destabilizing effects and intracellular polyplex‐mediated toxicity. To help prolong the pharmacokinetic profile of nonviral vehicles for gene delivery, the cationic surface charge of current systems is typically shielded through the conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to the particle surface. However, the design of an intelligent polycation with environment‐sensing charge modulations is essential to minimize cytotoxicity and enhance gene expression. We have designed a novel di‐cationic block copolymer, poly(aspartate‐hydrazide)‐block‐poly(L‐lysine), capable of pH‐mediated endosomal membrane disruption based on charge interactions, which has negligible toxicity elsewhere to the cell. The poly(L‐lysine) segment, with a high pKa value of ∼9.4, preferentially forms a poly‐ion complex with the negative phosphate groups of pDNA, whereas the pH‐responsive poly(aspartate‐hydrazide) segment, with the comparatively lower pKa ∼5.0, is characterized by a substantial fraction of unprotonated amino groups at physiological pH. As a consequence, complexation between such a polymer and pDNA leads to the formation of a two‐layered nanoparticle. In particular, the nanoparticle possesses an unprotonated pH‐responsive segment to serve as both a scaffold for acid‐labile linkages of various moieties such as aldehyde‐PEG and to transition from neutral to charged for disrupting endosomal membranes, and safely enhancing gene expression. Our system supports an endosomal escape mechanism based on charge interactions rather than the proton‐sponge effect, and may be an important step towards engineering new classes of intelligent nonviral vectors.
The usefulness of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) and a comparison of 18F‐FDG‐pet with 67gallium scintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphoma
Authors: Tsukamoto Norifumi , Kojima Masaru , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Oriuchi Noboru , Matsushima Takafumi , Yokohama Akihiko , Saitoh Takayuki , Handa Hiroshi , Endo Keigo , Murakami Hirokazu
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

Although studies comparing conventional imaging modalities with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) for the detection of lymphoma and although the relations between 18F‐FDG‐PET and histologic types were reported previously, most studies were not systematic and involved relatively small numbers of patients.

METHODS.

Two hundred fifty‐five patients with lymphoma had their disease staged using 18F‐FDG‐PET, and 191 of those patients also were assessed using gallium‐67 scintigraphy (67Ga). Disease sites were identified on a site‐by‐site basis using computed tomography scans and/or magnetic resonance imaging. The results of these conventional imaging modalities were compared with the results from 8F‐FDG‐PET and 67Ga, and correlations between the imaging results and pathologic diagnoses were evaluated by using the World Health Organization classification system.

RESULTS.

Of 913 disease sites in 255 patients, 18F‐FDG‐PET identified >97% of disease sites of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and aggressive and highly aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. For indolent lymphoma, the detection rate of 18F‐FDG‐PET was 91% for follicular lymphoma (FL); 82% for extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue, irrespective of plasmacytic differentiation; and approximately 50% for small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). The results from 67Ga were similar to those from 18F‐FDG‐PET for most histologic subtypes. However, the sensitivity of 67Ga was unexpectedly poor for FL, for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and for the nasal type of natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NK/T‐nasal), ranging from 30% to 38%.

CONCLUSIONS.

18F‐FDG‐PET was useful for all histologic subtypes of lymphoma other than SLL and SMZL. Compared with 67Ga, the authors strongly recommend the use of 18F‐FDG‐PET in patients with FL, MCL, and NK‐nasal. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities and socioeconomic status in association with survival in a large population‐based cohort of elderly patients with colon cancer
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Fang Shenying , Vernon Sally W. , El‐Serag Hashem , Shih Y. Tina , Davila Jessica , Rasmus Monica L.
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

To the authors' knowledge, few studies have addressed racial disparities in the survival of patients with colon cancer by adequately incorporating treatment and socioeconomic factors in addition to patient and tumor characteristics.

METHODS.

The authors studied a nationwide and population‐based, retrospective cohort of 18,492 men and women who were diagnosed with stage II or III colon cancer at age ≥65 years between 1992 and 1999. This cohort was identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries‐Medicare linked databases and included up to 11 years of follow‐up.

RESULTS.

A larger proportion (70%) of African‐American patients with colon cancer fell into the poorest quartiles of socioeconomic status compared with Caucasians (21%). Patients who lived in communities with the lowest socioeconomic level had 19% higher all‐cause mortality compared with patients who lived in communities with the highest socioeconomic status (hazards ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13–1.26; P < .001 for trend). The risk of dying was reduced only slightly after controlling for race/ethnicity (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10–1.24). Compared with Caucasian patients with colon cancer, African‐American patients were 21% more likely to die after controlling for age, sex, comorbidity scores, tumor stage, and grade (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12–1.30). After also adjusting for definitive therapy and socioeconomic status, the HR of mortality was only marginally significantly higher in African Americans compared with Caucasians for all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.19) and colon cancer‐specific mortality (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.33).

CONCLUSIONS.

Lower socioeconomic status and lack of definitive treatment were associated strongly with decreased survival in both men and women with colon cancer. Racial disparities in survival were explained substantially by differences in socioeconomic status. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Effects of presurgical exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness among patients undergoing thoracic surgery for malignant lung lesions
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Peddle Carolyn J. , Eves Neil D. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Courneya Kerry S. , Mackey John R. , Joy Anil A. , Kumar Vikaash , Winton Timothy W. , Reiman Tony
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

To determine the effects of preoperative exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for malignant lung lesions.

METHODS.

Using a single‐group design, 25 patients with suspected operable lung cancer were provided with structured exercise training until surgical resection. Exercise training consisted of 5 endurance cycle ergometry sessions per week at intensities varying from 60% to 100% of baseline peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6‐minute walk (6MW), and pulmonary function testing at baseline, immediately before, and 30 days after surgical resection.

RESULTS.

Five patients were deemed ineligible before surgical resection and were removed from the analysis. Of the remaining 20 patients follow‐up assessments were obtained for 18 (90%) before resection and 13 (65%) patients postresection. The overall adherence rate was 72%. Intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated that mean VO2peak increased by 2.4 mL · kg−1 · min−1(95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–3.8; P = .002) and 6MW distance increased 40m (95% CI, 16–64; P = .003) baseline to presurgery. Per protocol analyses indicated that patients who attended ≥80% of prescribed sessions increased VO2peak and 6MWD by 3.3 mL·kg−1·min−1 (95% CI, 1.1–5.4; P = .006) and 49 meters (95% CI, 12–85; P = .013), respectively. Exploratory analyses indicated that presurgical exercise capacity decreased postsurgery, but did not decrease beyond baseline values.

CONCLUSIONS.

Preoperative exercise training is a beneficial intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients undergoing pulmonary resection. This benefit may have important implications for surgical outcome and postsurgical recovery in this population. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Health‐related quality of life among patients cured by surgery for esophageal cancer
Authors: Lagergren Pernilla , Avery Kerry N. L. , Hughes Rachael , Barham C. Paul , Alderson Derek , Falk Stephen J. , Blazeby Jane M.
Published: June 2007

BACKGROUND.

Little is known regarding the long‐term, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of survivors of esophagectomy for cancer.

METHODS.

Consecutive patients completed the validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer general quality‐of life‐questionnaire (QLQ‐C30) and the esophageal‐specific module (QLQ‐OES18) before surgery and regularly thereafter for at least 3 years. Mean scores with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Student t test for paired data was used to determine differences between baseline and 3‐year HRQL scores in which scores differed by ≥5 points.

RESULTS.

Of 90 patients who underwent surgery, 47 patients (52%) survived for ≥3 years. In this group, most aspects of HRQL recovered to preoperative levels by the 3‐year assessment, except that scores for physical function, breathlessness, diarrhea, and reflux were significantly worse than at baseline (P < .01). However, patients reported significantly better emotional function 3 years after surgery than before treatment (P = .0008).

CONCLUSIONS.

Even after 3 years, patients who underwent esophagectomy suffered persistent problems with physical function and specific symptoms. These findings may be used to inform patients of the long‐term consequences of surgery. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Effect of trace metals on reactive crystallization of gypsum
Authors: Sayan Perviz , Titiz‐Sargut Sibel , Avcı Burcu
Published: June 2007

The effect of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cr3+ ions on crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) produced by the reaction between calcium hydroxide suspension and sulphuric acid solution was investigated at 3.5 pH and 65°C in the absence and presence of 2500 ppm citric acid concentration. Crystal size distributions, filtration rates, and morphology of gypsum were determined and discussed as a function of ion concentration. Average particle size of gypsum was not affected significantly by the presence of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cr3+ ions individually. Variation of gypsum morphology depending on ion concentration affected the filtration characteristics. The presence of Fe3+ or Cr3+ ions besides 2500 ppm citric acid influenced both average particle size and filtration characteristics. The effect of citric acid on gypsum morphology was suppressed at high Fe3+ and Cr3+ ion concentrations. The change of morphology is related to the complex formation between Fe3+ or Cr3+ ions and citric acid at high ion concentrations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, spectral, thermal and NLO properties of N,N ‐Dimethyl anilinium picrate
Authors: Chandramohan A. , Bharathikannan R. , Kandhaswamy M. A. , Chandrasekaran J. , Renganathan R. , Kandavelu V.
Published: June 2007

The crystalline substance N,N ‐dimethyl anilinium picrate(DMAP) was synthesized and the single crystals of the title compound were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The crystalline nature of the material has been confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction method. The elemental analysis data confirm the stoichiometry and hence the molecular formula of the synthesized material. The formation of the charge‐transfer complex has been confirmed by UV‐visible spectral data. The infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopic data indicate a charge transfer activity associated with a proton transfer from the acceptor to the donor followed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Thermal behavior and stability of crystal were studied using thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) techniques. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of the material was confirmed using Nd: YAG laser. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abdichtung von Mauerwerk gegen Bodenfeuchtigkeit und nicht stauendes Sickerwasser
Authors: Rast Ronald
Published: June 2007

Im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mauerwerksbau, Berlin, wurde im Jahr 2006 ein Merkblatt zur Abdichtung von erdberührtem Mauerwerk erarbeitet. Autor des Merkblattes ist Prof. Dr.‐Ing. R. Oswald vom AIBAU, Aachener Institut für Bauschadensforschung und angewandte Bauphysik GmbH. Im Heft 2/2006 der Zeitschrift Mauerwerk wurde bereits allgemein über das Merkblatt informiert. In diesem Beitrag wird speziell auf die Abdichtung von Mauerwerk gegen Bodenfeuchtigkeit und nicht stauendes Sickerwasser eingegangen.
Regelgerechte Ausführung von Kellerwänden aus Mauerwerk
Authors: Pohl Reiner
Published: June 2007

Die meisten Keller in Deutschland werden gemauert. Sie lassen sich bei Verarbeitung leichter großformatiger Mauersteine per Hand oder bei Steinen mit höherem Verarbeitungsgewicht (hohe Rohdichte, Elemente) mit dem Versetzgerät schnell und wirtschaftlich erstellen.