bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monolayer‐to‐Multilayer Dimensionality Reconstruction in a Hybrid Perovskite for Exploring the Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Enables Passive X‐ray Detection
Authors: Ji Chengmin , Li Yezhan , Liu Xitao , Wang Yaxing , Zhu Tingting , Chen Qin , Li Lina , Wang Shuao , Luo Junhua
Published: July 2021

Halide hybrid perovskites are attracting considerable attention as highly promising candidates for directly sensing X‐ray radiation, but it is challenging to realize passive X‐ray detection without an external power supply. However, the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in ferroelectrics promotes the independent separation of photoexcited carriers. Herein, by dimensionality reconstruction of a pure‐two‐dimensional (P‐2D) monolayered perovskite (CH3OC3H9N)2PbBr4, we obtained a quasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) ferroelectric (CH3OC3H9N)2CsPb2Br7. Converting P‐2D into Q‐2D perovskite stimulates a significant BPVE associated with robust ferroelectricity, as well as an enhanced mobility lifetime product. These features show the potential of the first passive X‐ray detector based on ferroelectrics with an impressive sensitivity up to 410 μC Gy−1 cm−2 at zero bias, which is even superior to the value of the state‐of‐the‐art α‐Se detector operated at relatively high bias.
Preparation and characterization of high strength and high modulusPVAfiber via dry‐wet spinning with cross‐linking of boric acid
Authors: Hong Xinqiu , He Junwei , Zou Liming , Wang Yanli , Li Yan Vivian
Published: July 2021

To improve the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, a series of PVA fibers were prepared via dry‐wet spinning with cross‐linking of boric acid (BA) (PVA/BA fibers), and using the mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide and water. Moreover, the final PVA/BA fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and yarn strength tester. Furthermore, with the increasing of BA content, FTIR analysis showed that the degree of crosslinking of BA with PVA increased. SEM images of final PVA/BA fibers presented smooth surfaces, and the diameters decreased firstly and then increased. DSC, TGA, and XRD analysis indicated that the melting temperatures, thermal properties and crystallinities first increased and then decreased with the increasing of BA content. In addition, mechanical properties measurements illustrated that the cross‐linking existed at an optimal BA content of 0.3 wt%, and PVA/BA‐0.3 fiber had the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus of 13.1 ± 0.4 and 360.2 ± 10.4 cN/dtex, respectively.
Predicting plasmid persistence in microbial communities by coarse‐grained modeling
Authors: Wang Teng , Weiss Andrea , Ha Yuanchi , You Lingchong
Published: July 2021

Plasmids are a major type of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that mediate horizontal gene transfer. The stable maintenance of plasmids plays a critical role in the functions and survival for microbial populations. However, predicting and controlling plasmid persistence and abundance in complex microbial communities remain challenging. Computationally, this challenge arises from the combinatorial explosion associated with the conventional modeling framework. Recently, a plasmid‐centric framework (PCF) has been developed to overcome this computational bottleneck. This framework enables the derivation of a simple metric, the persistence potential, to predict plasmid persistence and abundance. Here, we discuss how PCF can be extended to account for plasmid interactions. We also discuss how such model‐guided predictions of plasmid fates can benefit from the development of new experimental tools and data‐driven computational methods.
Anterior wall adenocarcinoma of bladder with similar clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics as common bladder carcinomas should not be treated as or classified into urachal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Wen , Long Yi‐Xiu , Song Kun , Liang Li‐Bo , Cheng Ke , Chen Ye , Liu Ji‐Yan
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To discuss whether the dome or anterior wall of bladder adenocarcinoma (BAC) should be classified into urachal carcinoma (UrC) and the relationship of primary tumor location (PTL) as well as treatment with survival.

Methods

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database was examined for eligible patients from 1975 to 2016. Patients were classified into adenocarcinoma originating from the urachus (UAC), the dome (D‐BAC), the anterior wall (A‐BAC), and the other sites adenocarcinoma of the bladder (O‐BAC). The clinicopathological features, treatment, and survival were compared among the groups.

Results

Comparable clinicopathologic features were obtained between UAC and D‐BAC, which were different from those of A‐BAC and O‐BAC; otherwise, the latter two had similar clinicopathologic features. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses indicated that PTL was an independent predictor for survival. O‐BAC conferred the worst prognosis then followed by A‐BAC, D‐BAC, and UAC. For non‐metastatic UAC or D‐BAC, partial cystectomy (with an en bloc resection of the urachus and umbilicus) is optimal for survival. However, the worse survival of non‐metastatic D‐BAC (compared with UAC) suggested different modalities, maybe more intensive surgery approaches, should be considered for D‐BAC.

Conclusion

This study illustrates that PTL of UAC and BAC was an independent predictor for survival. A‐BAC had comparable characters and prognosis with O‐BAC and should not be classified into and treated as UrC. For non‐metastatic disease, non‐metastatic D‐BAC may need more intensive modality.
The Reactivity of α‐Fluoroketones with PLP Dependent Enzymes: Transaminases as Hydrodefluorinases
Authors: García‐Ramos Marina , Cuetos Aníbal , Kroutil Wolfgang , Grogan Gideon , Lavandera Iván
Published: July 2021

A chemical method for the treatment of harmful halogenated compounds that has recently become of interest is the reductive dehalogenation of carbon‐halogen bonds. In the case of a fluorine atom, this process is called hydrodefluorination. While many transition metal‐based approaches now exist to reductively defluorinate aromatic fluoroarenes, the cleavage of C−F bonds in aliphatic compounds is not so well‐developed. Here we propose a biocatalytic approach exploiting a promiscuous activity exhibited by transaminases (TAs). Hence, a series of α‐fluoroketones have been defluorinated with excellent conversions using Chromobacterium violaceum and Arthrobacter sp. TAs under mild conditions and in aqueous medium, using a stoichiometric amount of an amine (e. g. 2‐propylamine) as reagent and formally releasing its oxidized form (e. g. acetone), with ammonia and hydrogen fluoride as by‐products. It is also demonstrated that this process can be performed in a regio‐ or stereoselective fashion.
Multireversible Redox Processes in a Self‐Assembled Nickel Pentanuclear Bis(Triple‐stranded Helicate): Structural and Spectroscopic Characterizations in the NiII5 and NiINiII4 Redox States
Authors: Gouré Eric , Gerey Bertrand , Pécaut Jacques , Thomas Fabrice , Fortage Jérôme , Collomb Marie‐Noëlle
Published: July 2021

We previously reported the multireversible redox behavior of bis(triple‐helicate) pentanuclear complexes of the type [{M(μ‐bpp)3}2M(μ3‐X)]n+ (M=Mn, Fe with X=O and Co with X=OH) with rigid tetradentate binucleating 3,5‐bis(pyridine‐2‐yl)pyrazole (bpp−) ligand. In this article, we focus on the nickel derivative of this family, [{NiII(μ‐bpp)3}2NiII3(μ‐OH)]3+ (13+), which exhibits up to five reversible or quasi‐reversible one‐electron waves in CH3CN solution. The two one‐electron oxidized species as well as the one‐electron reduced species with respective compositions of 4NiII1NiIII (14+), 3NiII2NiIII (15+) and 1NiI4NiII (12+), were quantitatively generated by bulk electrolyses and spectroscopically characterized highlighting the high stability of this family of complexes in several redox states. In addition to the initial complex 13+, the mixed‐valence 12+ was also successfully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, allowing to locate the sites of successive reversible one‐electron events. 12+ is an unusual example of a multinuclear complex including the low‐valent Ni(I) state.
Association Between Use of Pharmacokinetic‐Interacting Drugs and Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants: Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: Gronich Naomi , Stein Nili , Muszkat Mordechai
Published: July 2021

Concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and medications with inhibition/induction effect on P‐gp/CYP3A might increase risk of bleeding/treatment failure, respectively. We designed a nested case‐control study within a Clalit cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a cohort of patients with venous thromboembolism, new users of a DOAC (January 1, 2010 to August 24, 2020). Propensity scores were constructed from demographic/clinical characteristics, and medications at cohort entry. Each case of: (i) serious bleeding event; (ii) stroke/systemic emboli (SE) in patients with AF; (iii) recurrent thromboembolism in patients with thromboembolism, was matched by age, sex, length of follow‐up, year of cohort entry, DOAC type, and DOAC indication, to up to 20 controls. Within 89,284 patients with AF and venous thromboembolism and 126,302 patient‐years of follow‐up, there were 1,587 serious bleeding events. Risk of serious bleeding increased in association with concurrent prescription of P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors. Specifically, higher bleeding risk was associated with dabigatran‐verapamil, rivaroxaban‐verapamil, and rivaroxaban‐amiodarone concurrent prescriptions: adjusted odds ratios (ORs) 2.29 (1.13–4.60), 2.18 (1.07–4.40), and 1.68 (1.14–2.49), respectively. There were 1,116 events of stroke/SE, in 79,302 DOAC‐treated patients with AF and 118,124 patient‐years of follow‐up. Concomitant use of phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, or levetiracetam was associated with risk for stroke/SE: adjusted OR 2.18 (1.55–3.10). Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism could not be assessed due to the low number of cases. Concurrent prescriptions of dabigatran or rivaroxaban with verapamil, and of rivaroxaban with amiodarone, are associated with increased risk for serious bleeding. Higher risk for stroke/SE in patients with AF is associated with concurrent prescriptions of DOACs with phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, or levetiracetam.
Screening for monogenic subtypes of gestational diabetes in a high prevalence island population – A whole exome sequencing study
Authors: Pace Nikolai Paul , Vella Barbara , Craus Johann , Caruana Ruth , Savona‐Ventura Charles , Vassallo Josanne
Published: July 2021

Aims

The reported frequency of monogenic defects of beta cell function in gestational diabetes (GDM) varies extensively. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and molecular spectrum of variants in genes associated with monogenic/atypical diabetes in non‐obese females of Maltese ethnicity with GDM.

Methods

50 non‐obese females who met the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for diagnosis of GDM and with a first‐degree relative with non‐autoimmune diabetes were included in this study. Whole exome capture and high throughput sequencing was carried out. Rare sequence variants were filtered, annotated, and prioritised according to the American College for Medical Genetics guidelines. For selected missense variants we explored effects on protein stability and structure through in‐silico tools.

Results

We identified three pathogenic variants in GCK, ABCC8 and HNF1A and several variants of uncertain significance in the cohort. Genotype‐phenotype correlations and post‐pregnancy follow‐up data are described.

Conclusions

This study provides the first insight into an underlying monogenic aetiology in non‐obese females with GDM from an island population having a high prevalence of diabetes. It suggests that monogenic variants constitute an underestimated cause of diabetes detected in pregnancy, and that careful evaluation of GDM probands to identify monogenic disease subtypes is indicated.
Azaphilone Pigments from Hypoxylon rubiginosum and H. texense: Absolute Configuration, Bioactivity, and Biosynthesis
Authors: Becker Kevin , Kuhnert Eric , Cox Russell J. , Surup Frank
Published: July 2021

We report new stromatal azaphilone pigments rubiginosins Z‐X from the ascomycete Hypoxylon rubiginosum, as well as rubiginosins Z and W from H. texense, which were isolated along with known monomeric and dimeric congeners. Structures were elucidated using comprehensive HRMS, NMR, and ECD analysis, revealing azaphilones from both fungi to be exclusively C‐8(S)‐configured. The orsellinic acid (OA)‐carrying rubiginosins A, Z and dimeric rutilins A‐B exhibited cytotoxicity. Rubiginosins X‐W bearing linear polyketide side chains as well as rutilins A‐B were antimicrobial. Structures of the differently‐substituted azaphilones were linked to two putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs; hraza1/2) in H. rubiginosum, which are proposed to collaboratively synthesize the OA‐substituted azaphilones. These share high homology with the azaphilone‐forming BGCs hfaza1/2 from H. fragiforme. Comparison of hraza and hfaza suggests that lack of an FAD‐dependent monooxygenase and acyltransferase gene in hraza1 prevent formation of C‐8(R)‐configured fatty acid‐substituted azaphilones in H. rubiginosum. The polyketide synthase‐derived side chain of rubiginosins C and X‐W is not encoded in the respective BGCs, showing that a third BGC is hypothetically involved in their formation. Cross‐interaction of three BGCs which are forming a single molecule is unprecedented in fungal natural product biosynthesis.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions
Authors: Bhakta Sayantika , Ghosh Tapas
Published: July 2021

The formation of molecules with complexity in a simple, straight forward pathway attracts great interest in organic synthesis. Recently, nickel‐catalyzed cascade reactions have grown up as a useful tool and contributed significantly to the area of synthetic methodology. In order to furnish high yielding carbo‐ and heterocycles as building blocks of pharmaceutical compounds and bioactive molecules with high selectivity, nickel‐catalyzed reactions render comprehensive coverage of different strategies through compilation of various methodological prospective, such as photoredox decarboxylative vinylation, asymmetric reductive arylalkynation, hydroacylation/ Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions, intramolecular annulation cascade reactions, hemiacetalization cascade reactions, and so on. In addition, nickel‐catalyzed cascade reactions are also useful for the synthesis of multiple C−C/C−N bonds in acyclic compounds. This Review provides in depth mechanistic insights into on crucial reactions as well as a detailed discussion and critical comments.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Anthranils by PhIO Mediated Heterocyclization of ortho‐Carbonyl Anilines
Authors: Garia Alankrita , Grover Jatin , Jain Nidhi
Published: July 2021

Here, we report a metal‐free synthesis of anthranils from ortho‐carbonyl anilines using PhIO as a sole additive under ambient conditions. This methodology did not require any external additives and delivered anthranils in excellent yields with broad substrate scope. The mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via in‐situ generation of iminoiodane leading to nitrene and a subsequent nucleophilic attack from oxygen of ortho‐carbonyl aniline on nitrene results in heterocyclization.
Heat‐induced structural changes in fish muscle collagen related to texture development in fish balls: Using eel ball as a study model
Authors: Wang Yafei , Wang Xufeng , Lin Chuntong , Yu Mengqin , Chen Shanshan , Guo Jingke , Rao Pingfan , Miao Song , Liu Shutao
Published: July 2021

In order to elucidate the substantial effect and underlying mechanism of endogenous collagen on the texture development of fish balls, the structural and gelling properties of eel muscle collagen (EMC) under different heat treatments, as well as their effects on texture of eel ball, were investigated. EMC resulted in significant improvement of eel ball texture via gelling ability, filler effect, and interaction with starch. Under mild heating below 90°C for 30 min, the structural and physicochemical changes of EMC varied gradually, resulting in improved storage modulus of starch‐containing myofibrillar gel, a mimic of eel ball. However, overheating (100°C, 30 min) induced EMC degradation and significantly decreased the gel formation and the improvements in textural properties. Supplementation of EMC to eel balls significantly improved its gel strength, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness, as well as uniformity and tightness of the microstructure. These results suggest the texture development of eel ball can be regulated by heat‐induced structural changes, as well as structure–function relationship of collagen, compared with previous studies on myofibrillar proteins and exogenous gelatin; and they may provide texture‐related insights to the quality control of fish balls and diverse heat‐treated products of surimi containing collagen.
“I never had a thought about drowning”. Exploring water safety attitudes and practices among older adults in Western Australia
Authors: Abercromby Meg , Crawford Gemma , Nimmo Lauren , Leavy Justine E.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with drowning among older adults aged 65 years and over in Western Australia.

Methods

This paper was concerned with illuminating older adults experience and perspectives of water safety and drowning prevention. The study used in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews (n = 15) to examine knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical interpretation whereby three steps were taken to identify common patterns of meaning from individual's lifeworld.

Discussion

Interviews captured the voices of those who identified as swimmers and those who identified as nonswimmers and revealed nine constitutive patterns which support a central theme of life around water. This study provides insights into perceptions and experiences of water safety as individuals’ age. The findings suggest individuals who perceived themselves as strong swimmers had a decreased perception of risk, while participants who self‐identified as weak swimmers were more likely to avoid risks and modified their behaviour accordingly. Findings highlighted low water safety literacy and suggest that older people not only underestimate their drowning risk, but also lack an understanding of the risk factors for drowning.

So what?

The findings from this study will have a direct impact on the development of a WA health promotion program to prevent drowning among older adults.
Neutrophil extracellular traps induce a hypercoagulable state in glioma
Authors: Zhang Shihua , Guo Mengfan , Liu Qianzi , Liu Jingfeng , Cui Yankun
Published: July 2021

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading complications in glioma patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to play a critical role in the physiopathology of cancer. We aimed to investigate the presence and potential role of NETs in the hypercoagulable state in glioma patients. Moreover, we evaluated the interaction between NETs and endothelial cells (ECs) in glioma patients.

Methods

The plasma levels of NETs were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The NET procoagulant activity was performed based on fibrin formation assays. The NET generation and NET‐treated ECs in vitro were observed by confocal microscopy. Activated platelets (PLTs) and PLT‐neutrophil aggregates were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

Plasma NET markers were significantly higher in stage III/IV glioma patients than in stage I/II glioma patients and healthy subjects. PLTs from glioma patients tended to induce NET formation than those from healthy subjects. NETs contributed to the hypercoagulable state in glioma patients. After ECs were incubated with NETs isolated from stage III/IV glioma patients, they lost their intercellular connections and were converted into procoagulant phenotypes. Combining DNase I and activated protein C markedly decreased endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions

Our results showed the interaction between NETs and hypercoagulability in glioma patients. Targeting NETs may be a potential therapeutic and prevention direction for thrombotic complications in glioma patients.
ORMDL3 overexpression facilitates FcεRI‐mediated transcription of proinflammatory cytokines and thapsigargin‐mediated PERK phosphorylation in RBL‐2H3 cells
Authors: Ogi Kazuhiro , Takabayashi Tetsuji , Tomita Kaori , Sakashita Masafumi , Morikawa Taiyo , Ninomiya Takahiro , Okamoto Masayuki , Narita Norihiko , Fujieda Shigeharu
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The chromosomal region 17q21 harbors the human orosomucoid‐like 3 (ORMDL3) gene and has been linked to asthma and other inflammatory diseases. ORMDL3 is involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR), lipid metabolism, and inflammatory reactions. We investigated the effects of ORMDL3 overexpression in RBL‐2H3 cells to determine the contribution of ORMDL3 to inflammatory disease development.

Methods

We generated ORMDL3 stably overexpressing RBL‐2H3 cells to assess degranulation, transcriptional upregulation of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation via FcεRI. In addition, we examined the effects of ORMDL3 overexpression on thapsigargin (TG)‐mediated proinflammatory cytokine transcription and UPR by monitoring MAPK, protein kinase‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) phosphorylation.

Results

Overexpression of ORMDL3 enhanced IL‐4, TNF‐α, and MCP‐1 expression after FcεRI cross‐linking, whereas the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) agonist FTY720 suppressed this enhancement. There was no significant difference in degranulation and MAPK phosphorylation via FcεRI‐mediated activation between vector‐transfected and ORMDL3‐overexpressing cells. ORMDL3 overexpression accelerated TG‐mediated PERK phosphorylation, while MAPK phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokine expression showed no significant changes in ORMDL3‐overexpressing cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that ORMDL3 plays an important role in regulating proinflammatory cytokine expression via the S1P pathway and selectively affects the UPR pathway in mast cells.
Psychological implications of theCOVID‐19 pandemic around the world: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Obschonka Martin , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Zhu Liqi
Published: July 2021

Although psychological researchers have long studied the implications of major crises, the outbreak and spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic have confronted the global community of psychologists and psychological researchers with new challenges. This special issue contributes to the growing empirical literature on the immediate psychological implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We present and discuss diverse work from authors that followed our call for papers in May 2020, shortly after the World Health Organisation declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic. The studies focus on the early phases of the pandemic by addressing (a) implications of the pandemic for psychological well‐being and mental health, (b) psychological effects of lockdown scenarios as well as (c) individual compliance with COVID‐19 prevention and intervention measures. We conclude by highlighting the need for new research efforts, with a special focus on low‐ and middle‐income regions, international research collaborations and cross‐cultural research designs.
International spillovers of forward guidance shocks
Authors: Jones Callum , Kulish Mariano , Rees Daniel M.
Published: July 2021

We estimate a two‐country model of the United States and Canada over the post 2009 sample to study the cross‐country spillovers of forward guidance shocks. To do so, we propose a method to identify forward guidance shocks during the fixed interest rate regime. The estimated forward guidance shocks coincide with significant U.S. monetary policy announcements such as the introduction of calendar‐based guidance in 2011. While a 2‐quarter expansionary forward guidance shock decreases Canadian output by about 0.2% to 0.4% on impact, we find that the United States and Canada were both better off by responding with expansionary monetary policy to the large contractionary shocks that took place during the Great Recession. The central message of our paper is that the focus on whether monetary policy spillovers are expansionary or contractionary is incomplete. What matters is whether the combined monetary policy response is stabilizing in aggregate.
Synthesis, identification, density functional and Hirshfeld surface studies of 2,2′‐disulfanediylbis(tetrahydro‐4H‐cyclopenta[d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphole‐2‐sulfide)
Authors: Mkadmh Ahmed M. , Safi Zaki S. , Elkhaldy Adnan A. , Staples Richard J. , Kaya Savaş , Serdaroğlu Goncagül
Published: July 2021

The new compound 2,2′‐disulfanediylbis (tetrahydro‐4H‐cyclo penta[d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphole 2‐sulfide), the dimeric form of 2‐mercaptotetrahydro‐4H‐cyclopenta[d] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphole 2‐sulfide, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination and spectral data (1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR,31P‐NMR, FTIR). The molecular geometry was confirmed by single X‐Ray crystallography. The ground state property was examined by PBE0 and B3LYP density functionals using aug‐cc‐pV(Q+d)Z basis set in the gas phase and in DMSO solution. The preference of PBE0 functional was statistically established. Thermodynamic parameters and standard heat of dissociation reaction () have been established. The calculated equilibrium constants at different temperatures reflect the stability of the dimer over the monomers at low temperatures and vice versa. Valency and Fukui indices calculations showed that the monomer is more reactive than the dimer. 2D‐fingerprint revealed that, while the H…X; [X = H, O and S] nonbonding intermolecular interactions and reciprocals play a crucial role in strengthening of molecules packing in the crystal unit cell while the S…S ones contribute negatively on it.
Can Social Comparison Motivate Satisficers? The Role of Input versus Output in Upward Social Comparison
Authors: Chan Elaine
Published: July 2021

Companies often encourage consumers to compare their performance with others hoping that a comparison with a superior other will motivate consumers in their goal pursuit. However, upward social comparison is often more motivating for maximizers than satisficers. In this research, we take a closer look at the often understudied satisficers and show what types of social comparisons motivate them. Based on the accuracy–effort trade‐off, we propose that satisficers care less about achieving more and focus more on the other side of the trade‐off—exerting less effort. As a result, a comparison with a superior other who uses less input (vs. achieves more output) is more motivating for satisficers. Three studies support our prediction. Whereas maximizers are motivated by comparing themselves with others who achieve more, satisficers are motivated more by superior others who use less input. Collectively, these findings suggest a more nuanced perspective on satisficers and have implications for both maximizing and social comparison literature.
Alpha‐globin gene triplication and its effect in beta‐thalassemia carrier, sickle cell trait, and healthy individual
Authors: Hamid Mohammad , keikhaei Bijan , Galehdari Hamid , Saberi Alihossein , Sedaghat Alireza , Shariati Gholamreza , Mohammadi‐Anaei Marziye
Published: July 2021

The genotype and phenotype correlation between coinheritance of heterozygous beta‐thalassemia with the alpha‐globin triplication is unclear. In this study we have investigated and reviewed alpha triplication frequency in beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals and its effect on hematological and phenotypical changes. In this study, 4005 beta‐thalassemia carriers, 455 sickle cell trait, and 2000 healthy individuals were included. Molecular characterization of beta and alpha‐thalassemia was performed. The frequencies of alpha‐globin triplication in beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals were 67 (1.67%), 4 (0.88%), and 18 (0.9%), respectively. In total, the frequency of alpha‐triplications is approximately 89 (1.39%) in Khuzestan province, South of Iran population. We have compared the average hematological parameters of beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals with and without alpha gene triplication.

This mutation did not show any significant effect on the change of blood indices, neither in healthy individuals nor in sickle cell trait and beta‐thalassemia carriers. Therefore, there is no need to take more notice of anti 3.7 mutation in beta‐thalassemia carriers is opposed with some studies reported that the presence of excess alpha‐globin genes in beta‐thalassemia carriers can lead to the phenotype of beta‐thalassemia intermedia. Therefore, not every individual with triplicated alpha globin coinherited with beta‐thalassemia trait will have a significantly lower Hb than normal, and it is highly likely that none of them will need transfusion.
Impact of Sociodemographic Disparities and Insurance Status on Survival of Patients with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Salem Mohamed E. , Puccini Alberto , Trufan Sally J. , Sha Wei , Kadakia Kunal C. , Hartley Marion L. , Musselwhite Laura W. , Symanowski James T. , Hwang Jimmy J. , Raghavan Derek
Published: July 2021

Background

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to worse survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the impact of SES on early-onset CRC remains undescribed.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 and 2016 was conducted. We combined income and education to form a composite measure of SES. Logistic regression and χ2 testing were used to examine early-onset CRC according to SES group. Survival rates and Cox proportional hazards models compared stage-specific overall survival (OS) between the SES groups.

Results

In total, 30,903 patients with early-onset CRC were identified, of whom 78.7% were White; 14.5% were Black. Low SES compared with high SES patients were more likely to be Black (26.3% vs. 6.1%) or Hispanic (25.3% vs. 10.5%), have T4 tumors (21.3% vs. 17.8%) and/or N2 disease (13% vs. 11.1%), and present with stage IV disease (32.8% vs. 27.7%) at diagnosis (p < .0001, all comparisons). OS gradually improved with increasing SES at all disease stages (p < .001). In stage IV, the 5-year survival rate was 13.9% vs. 21.7% for patients with low compared with high SES. In multivariable analysis, SES (low vs. high group; adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.46) was found to have a significant effect on survival (p < .0001) when all of the confounding variables were adjusted. Insurance (not private vs. private; HRadj, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.31–1.44) mediates 31% of the SES effect on survival.

Conclusion

Patients with early-onset CRC with low SES had the worst outcomes. Our data suggest that SES should be considered when implementing programs to improve the early detection and treatment of patients with early-onset CRC.

Implications for Practice

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to worse survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the impact of SES on early-onset CRC remains undescribed. In this retrospective study of 30,903 patients with early-onset CRC in the National Cancer Database, a steady increase in the yearly rate of stage IV diagnosis at presentation was observed. The risk of death increased as socioeconomic status decreased. Race and insurance status were independent predictors for survival. Implementation of programs to improve access to care and early diagnostic strategies among younger adults, especially those with low SES, is warranted.
Light emission from microwave discharges in liquid hydrocarbons at the initial stages of their development
Authors: Lebedev Yuri A. , Krashevskaya Galina V. , Batukaev Timur S. , Epstein Irene L.
Published: July 2021

Time‐resolved optical techniques (spectrograph, high‐speed camera, photodiode) were used for scrutinizing the initial stages of the microwave discharge (2.45 GHz, 200–500 W) achieved in liquid alkanes (CnH2n + 2). Petroleum solvent Nefras S2 80/120 (a mixture of light hydrocarbons with boiling temperatures ranging between 33°C and 205°C) was considered to be representative of alkanes. The discharge was ignited in the liquid, at the end of a molybdenum antenna located under ambient conditions above the liquid. The discharge displaced sequences of light pulses of different shapes and amplitudes, randomly distributed in time. The minimum pulse duration is 0.5 ms. At times close to 1 ms, the spectrum comprises emission bands of the C2 molecule, lines of hydrogen, and the C+ ion, but there is no continuum associated with the emission of the formed solid carbon‐containing particles. In a number of cases, an anomalous spectrum of the C2 molecule was recorded, with no such sequences having been observed before.
Classifying precipitation from GEO satellite observations: Prognostic model
Authors: Upadhyaya Shruti A. , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Kuligowski Robert J. , Gourley Jonathan J. , Grams Heather M.
Published: July 2021

Precipitation is one of the most important components of the global water and energy cycles, which together regulate the climate system. Future changes in precipitation patterns related to climate change are likely to have the greatest impacts on society. The new generation of geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites provide high‐resolution observations and opportunities to improve our understanding of precipitation processes. This study contributes to improved precipitation characterization and retrievals from space by identifying precipitation types (e.g., convective and stratiform) with multispectral observations from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensor onboard the GOES‐16 satellite. A machine‐learning‐based classification model is developed by deriving a comprehensive set of features using five ABI channels and numerical weather prediction observations, and trained with the Ground Validation Multi‐Radar/Multi‐Sensor (GV‐MRMS) system as a benchmark. The developed prognostic model shows skillful performance in identifying the occurrence/nonoccurrence of precipitation (accuracy of 97%; Kappa coefficient of 0.9) and precipitation processes, with overall classification accuracy of 76% and Kappa coefficient of 0.56. Challenges exist in separating convective and tropical from other precipitation types. It is suggested to utilize probabilities instead of deterministically separating precipitation types, especially in regions with uncertain classifications.
Optimized HSIC‐based tests for sensitivity analysis: Application to thermalhydraulic simulation of accidental scenario on nuclear reactor
Authors: El Amri Mohamed Reda , Marrel Amandine
Published: July 2021

Physical phenomena are commonly modeled by numerical simulators. Such codes can take as input a high number of uncertain parameters and it is important to identify their influences on the outputs via a global sensitivity analysis (GSA). However, these codes can be time consuming, which prevents a GSA based on the classical Sobol' indices, requiring too many code simulations. To address this limitation, this paper focuses on the Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) and proposes new goal‐oriented algorithms to optimize the permuted HSIC‐based independence tests for screening and ranking purposes. Built upon a sample of inputs/outputs of the studied simulator, the HSIC‐based tests relies on the estimation of a p‐value under independence hypothesis. These p‐values can be estimated by a permutation method whatever the sample size, but a reliable estimation based on a large number of permutations can be prohibitive in practice. To overcome this, several strategies are proposed to greedy estimate the p‐value, according to the final goal of GSA. Three sequential permuted tests are thus proposed: screening oriented, ranking oriented, and ranking‐screening oriented. These algorithms are tested and compared on analytical examples, before being applied on a thermalhydraulic use case simulating an accidental scenario on a nuclear pressurized water reactor. Their efficiency and time saving are clearly demonstrated. Moreover, a convergence study, made computationally tractable by the optimized algorithms, is carried out to assess the robustness of the results on the use case.
Mace‐Shaped Cu7S4 NW/ECF Composites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Cao Xiaoman , Guan Yiyin , Hu Yuhui , Liu Wenjie , Zuo Shixiang , Yao Chao , Wu Fengqin
Published: July 2021

Firstly, Sb‐SnO2/potassium titanate (Sb‐SnO2/ KTO) was fabricated by a sol‐gel method, it was named ECF. and then Cu7S4 nanorod arrays were grown on the surface of ECF by a hydrothermal method (Cu7S4 NW/ECF).This article discusses the preparation method of Cu7S4 NW/ECF composite photocatalyst to solve the problem of degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light. It is found that Cu7S4 NW/ECF composite materials can be successfully prepared when Cu : S=1 : 1, and the Cu7S4 NW/ECF composite has stronger photocatalytic activity then others, The degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) by the composite can reach 98 % after 2 h. which is mainly attributed to the fact that Cu7S4 is a near‐infrared material, and a tight heterojunction can be formed between Cu7S4 and ECF, which expands the light response range of the material to a certain extent. At the same time, the direct Z‐type mechanism of Cu7S4 NW/ECF composite in the process of photocatalysis is proposed, which is conducive to the separation of electrons and holes. Therefore, the Cu7S4 NW/ECF composite material can effectively degrade tetracycline hydrochloride.
The Influence of UV Femtosecond Laser Pulses on Bacterial DNA Structure, as Proved by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Muntean Cristina M. , Ştefan Rǎzvan , Tǎbǎran Alexandra , Tripon Carmen , Bende Attila , Fǎlǎmaş Alexandra , Colobǎţiu Liora M. , Olar Loredana E.
Published: July 2021

In this work, FT‐IR absorbance spectra of genomic DNAs isolated from four strains of Escherichia coli (A, B, C and D) and two strains of Salmonella (E and F), respectively, have been analyzed in both untreated and UV femtosecond laser pulses irradiated samples, to investigate their screening characteristics and their structural radiotolerance at 256 nm. Spectroscopic band assignments and structural aspects are discussed in the 600–1800 cm−1 and 3000–4000 cm−1 spectral ranges. DNA structural changes at the level of nucleic acids backbone, sugar, PO2− group, nitrogenous base ring and deoxycytidine (C2=O2) have been observed. Consequently, modifications in DNA conformations have been found. Bacterial strain dependent femtosecond laser pulses irradiation effects on DNA structure were observed. Based on FT‐IR biomarkers novel early diagnosis and screening tools for routine use in health care and life sciences can be developed. Furthermore, cancer research could benefit from ultra‐fast lasers technology. Besides, analyzing the interaction mechanisms of DNA with femtosecond laser pulses is highly appreciated for understanding the pathways of irradiation damaged DNA response in living cells.
Smartphone use after work mediates the link between organizational norm of connectivity and emotional exhaustion: Will workaholism make a difference?
Authors: Cheung Yue Lok (Francis) , Lun Miu Chi (Vivian) , Wang Hai‐Jiang
Published: July 2021

Using smartphone for work in off‐work hours has been associated with negative employee outcomes. We postulate that: (1) organizational norm of connectivity precedes employees' work‐related smartphone use after work, which predicts emotional exhaustion among employees; and (2) this process is moderated by employees' workaholism. We collected data from 399 full‐time employees who completed six online surveys over 3 workdays to test our hypotheses. Multilevel path analysis of these data revealed that organizational norm of connectivity was more strongly related to smartphone use after work among employees with high workaholism compared to those with low workaholism. However, smartphone use was more strongly related to emotional exhaustion among those with low workaholism compared to those with high workaholism. In total, the indirect effect of organizational norm of connectivity on emotional exhaustion through work‐related smartphone use after work was significant only for those with low workaholism. These findings highlight the role of organizational norm of connectivity and individual workaholism in the association of work‐related smartphone use after work and negative employee outcomes. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Building crystal structures of conjugated polymers through X‐ray diffraction and molecular modeling
Authors: Yao Ze‐Fan , Li Qi‐Yi , Wu Hao‐Tian , Ding Yi‐Fan , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Lu Yang , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: July 2021

Crystal structure of conjugated molecules and polymers is fundamentally critical to understand their multilevel microstructures, carrier transport, and diverse functions. However, to determine the crystal structure of conjugated polymers is a significant challenge, mainly due to the poor crystallinity, weak diffraction, and instability under high‐energy radiation. Here, we build the possible crystal structures of eight typical conjugated polymers, covering several widely used molecular segments in organic optoelectronics. We model the packing structures of these seed polymers based on synchrotron X‐ray diffractions and molecular simulations. These crystal structures provide a new platform to predict the packing structures of more related polymer systems, extending the molecular scope. Based on this polymer crystal structure database, the multiscale microstructures and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers can be predicted before experiments. This study sets up a polymer crystal structure database to eliminate the current trial‐and‐error approaches and accelerating the design of high‐performance conjugated polymers.
Addressing the CKM unitarity problem with a vector-like up quark
Authors: Branco G. C. , Penedo J. T. , Pereira Pedro M. F. , Rebelo M. N. , Silva-Marcos J. I.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We point out that hints of deviations from unitarity in the first row of the CKM matrix may be explained by the presence of a single vector-like top. We study how the stringent experimental constraints arising from CP Violation in the kaon sector and from meson mixing such as$$ {D}^0\hbox{-} {\overline{D}}^0,{K}^0\hbox{-} {\overline{K}}^0 $$D0‐D¯0,K0‐K¯0and$$ {B}_{d,s}^0\hbox{-} {\overline{B}}_{d,s}^0 $$Bd,s0‐B¯d,s0can be satisfied in the proposed framework. In order for the deviations from unitarity to be of the required size while keeping the theory perturbative, the new top quark should have a massmT≲ 7 TeV which could be probed in upcoming experiments at the energy frontier.
On the transition form factors of the axial-vector resonance f1(1285) and its decay into e+e−
Authors: Zanke Marvin , Hoferichter Martin , Kubis Bastian
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Estimating the contribution from axial-vector intermediate states to hadronic light-by-light scattering requires input on their transition form factors (TFFs). Due to the Landau–Yang theorem, any experiment sensitive to these TFFs needs to involve at least one virtual photon, which complicates their measurement. Phenomenologically, the situation is best for the f1(1285) resonance, for which information is available from e+e− → e+e−f1, f1 → 4π, f1 → ργ, f1 → ϕγ, and f1 → e+e−. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the f1 TFFs in the framework of vector meson dominance, including short-distance constraints, to determine to which extent the three independent TFFs can be constrained from the available experimental input — a prerequisite for improved calculations of the axial-vector contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering. In particular, we focus on the process f1 → e+e−, evidence for which has been reported recently by SND for the first time, and discuss the impact that future improved measurements will have on the determination of the f1 TFFs.
Notes on gravity multiplet correlators in AdS3 × S3
Authors: Wen Congkao , Zhang Shun-Qing
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We present a compact formula in Mellin space for the four-point tree-level holographic correlators of chiral primary operators of arbitrary conformal weights in (2, 0) supergravity on AdS3× S3, with two operators in tensor multiplet and the other two in gravity multiplet. This is achieved by solving the recursion relation arising from a hidden six-dimensional conformal symmetry. We note the compact expression is obtained after carefully analysing the analytic structures of the correlators. Various limits of the correlators are studied, including the maximally R-symmetry violating limit and flat-space limit.
Flat space holography in spin-2 extended dilaton-gravity
Authors: Afshar Hamid , Esmaeili Erfan , Safari H. R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We present an interacting spin-2 gauge theory coupled to the two-dimensional dilaton-gravity in flat spacetime. The asymptotic symmetry group is enhanced to the central extension of Diff(S1)⋉C∞(S1)⋉Vec(S1) when the central element of the Heisenberg subgroup is zero (vanishing U(1) level). Using the BF-formulation of the model we derive the corresponding boundary coadjoint action which is the spin-2 extension of the warped Schwarzian theory at vanishing U(1) level. We also discuss the thermodynamics of black holes in this model.
On q-poly-Bernoulli numbers arising from combinatorial interpretations
Authors: Bényi Beáta , Ramírez José L.
Published: July 2021

In this paper we present several naturalq-analogues of the poly-Bernoulli numbers arising in combinatorial contexts. We also recall some related analytical results and ask for combinatorial interpretations.
A branching process model for dormancy and seed banks in randomly fluctuating environments
Authors: Blath Jochen , Hermann Felix , Slowik Martin
Published: July 2021

The goal of this article is to contribute towards the conceptual and quantitative understanding of the evolutionary benefits for (microbial) populations to maintain a seed bank consisting of dormant individuals when facing fluctuating environmental conditions. To this end, we discuss a class of ‘2-type’ branching processes describing populations of individuals that may switch between ‘active’ and ‘dormant’ states in a random environment oscillating between a ‘healthy’ and a ‘harsh’ state. We incorporate different switching strategies and suggest a method of ‘fair comparison’ to incorporate potentially varying reproductive costs. We then use this concept to compare the fitness of the different strategies in terms of maximal Lyapunov exponents. This gives rise to a ‘fitness map’ depicting the environmental regimes where certain switching strategies are uniquely supercritical.