bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Child Victim in Andrey Tarkovsky’s Ivan's Childhood
Authors: Kozin Alexander ,   DePaul University
Published: August 2021

In this article I examine Andrei Tarkovsky’s 1962 film Ivan’s Childhood. The film tells a story about a twelve-year old Russian boy, whose family was killed by the Germans at the onset of WWII. Orphaned and dispossessed, Ivan began to scout for the Soviet troops. Eventually, he was captured, tortured and executed by the Gestapo. Using a wide gamut of mythopoetic “articulations,” in this film, Tarkovsky shows how Ivan’s victimization affected him beyond repair, leading to the erosion of his child identity and the emergence of a traumatic duality. The film therefore is not only a poignant condemnation of the war, but a disclosure of the victim phenomenon carried out by mythopoetic means. In my analysis of Ivan’s Childhood, I approach this phenomenon by focusing on the effects of trauma on the child, with a special emphasis on dreaming. For my theoretic, I employ the phenomenology of the child (E. Husserl and M. Merleau-Ponty).
Mini-open carpal tunnel release technique
Authors: Mitrović Mihajlo , Jelača Dražen
Published: August 2021

Introduction/Aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CST) is the most common cause of upper extremity compressive neuropathy. Until the introduction of endoscopy, the dominant surgical method was classic open surgery. The objective of the paper is to examine the efficacy, safety and economic value of the mini-open carpal tunnel release technique using a longitudinal 2 cm long incision in the carpal region. Methods: The diagnosis was made based on clinical examination, followed by an ENMG. The study includes only patients with idiopathic CTS, while those who have developed CTS as a result of secondary causes have been excluded from the study. All patients were operated on under local anaesthesia, WALANT, without the use of a tourniquet. A longitudinal incision 2 cm long is made in the line of the radial edge of the ring finger, 2-3 cm distal to the wrist flexion crease, immediately proximal of the Caplan cardinal line and ulnar to the thenar crease. Upon cutting through the skin and subcutaneous soft tissue, the superficial fascia is identified and then cut with the same scalpel in the same direction and the same length. The transversal ligament is then identified and carefully incised with a scalpel enough to allow further decompression with the use of scissors. Using standard surgical scissors for the hand, the ligament is cut proximally to the forearm fascia and then distally until a faint crackling sound is heard, which means that the ligament had been completely cut. This must be checked by inserting the Freer elevator proximally and distally to the edge of the ligament. Now it is possible to identify the nerve and accompanying hand flexor tendons. Sutures are placed only on the skin and a roll of gauze is fixed to the wound with an elastic bandage to provide compression. The first check-up is on the very next day and the patient is advised to start doing hand exercises. The sutures are removed 10-14 days after surgery. Results: From January 2018 to December 2019, 35 carpal tunnel decompressions were performed on 30 patients using the mini-open decompression technique and standard surgical scissors. The surgery was performed on 22 patients in the operating room and 8 patients in the infirmary. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients reported no night pain from the very first day after surgery. Pillar pain, incision pain and hand weakness were progressively becoming less pronounced during the next 12 weeks. At the final check-up, only one patient still had pronounced symptoms that required a reintervention. The rest of the patients had completely recovered. Even though the endoscopic procedure for carpal tunnel decompression is constantly evolving, the classic open method and newly developed mini-open carpal tunnel release technique remain the treatments of choice. Conclusion: Our research shows that the mini-open carpal tunnel release technique is a quick, efficient, safe and cheap surgical technique for treating carpal tunnel compressive neuropathy.
Airway inflammation in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Đurđević Nataša , Milenković Branislava , Janković Jelena , Mitić Javorka , Belić Slobodan , Jordanova Elena , Baralić Marko
Published: August 2021

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by an abnormal dilation of the bronchial lumen caused by weakening or destruction of the muscle or elastic components of the bronchial wall, decreased mucous clearance and frequent infections of the respiratory tract. The golden standard for bronchiectasis diagnosis is high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. Inflammation holds a central role in the development of structural lung changes, as well as airway and lung parenchyma damage. Infection and colonization of the respiratory tract contribute to increased inflammation and further damage to the lung. Upon entry into the respiratory tract, the pathogens activate epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Activated inflammatory cells secrete chemical mediators which activate the immune response and thus allow the phagocytosis of pathogens. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and interruption of the vicious circle between infection and inflammation in patients suffering from bronchiectasis, prevent the development of structural changes to the airways.
Lung abscess as a complication of COVID-19
Authors: Simić Vladimir , Radovanović Jovana
Published: August 2021

Introduction/Objective: A lung abscess is a localized purulent inflammation of lung tissue with necrosis and colliquation. We are presenting a rare case of lung abscess formation as a result of the COVID-19 viral infection. Case report: An 81-year-old male patient with typical complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue) was examined at a designated medical centre for COVID patients. A positive PCR test and radiology findings confirmed a COVID-19 infection. Medication was prescribed according to protocol and he was sent home. During the night, 36 hours after the onset of the first symptoms, the patient developed breathing difficulties and a persistent, irritating dry cough. He was admitted to the Covid Hospital Karaburma, where he received treatment for 35 days. On the 22nd day after being released, the patient was examined at the Emergency Medical Centre, Clinical Centre of Serbia, complaining of dyspnoea, occasional hemoptysis and fatigue. The working diagnosis was pulmonary embolism. A multislice CT scan was ordered only to reveal a pulmonary abscess at the base of the left lung. Conclusion: A lung abscess is a rare, but possible complication of a COVID-19 infection. Therefore, patients should be regularly monitored for an extended period of time following hospitalization.
Assessment of mothers' knowledge and evaluation of obstacles to successful breastfeeding
Authors: Savić Nikola , Milošević Marijana , Mladenović Marija , Jokić Zoran , Anđelić Slađana
Published: August 2021

Introduction/Objective: A healthy diet is a basic prerequisite for a healthy child. Numerous studies have proven the importance of breastfeeding, which has many advantages. Breast milk is the best choice of food for a newborn. Healthcare professionals, doctors and nurses, play a key role in shaping a mother's attitude towards breastfeeding, as well as helping her overcome barriers to successful breastfeeding. To examine the level of knowledge mothers have about the importance of proper nutrition and breastfeeding of a newborn and to evaluate any obstacles to successful breastfeeding. Methods: The first part of the research is designed as a cross-sectional study. As a research instrument, a questionnaire was constructed to assess the mothers' level of knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding. In the second part of the research, a telephone survey was conducted after the mothers and babies were discharged from the hospital, and the mothers were asked questions about any obstacles they may have encountered to successful breastfeeding. The study included a sample of 47 women. The study was conducted in the Valjevo General Hospital from June to August 2018. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous and the research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: Descriptive statistic methods were used to analyse the results. Respondents ranged in age from 21 to 40, the largest number of women were between 21 and 25 years old (57%), 88% of children received a grade 9 at birth, 10% of the respondents attended parenting school, 78% of the women started breastfeeding the very next day after delivery and most believed that they had been successfully trained to breastfeed in the maternity ward. Seven days after discharge from the hospital, 7% of women did not breastfeed and the most common obstacles to successful breastfeeding were cracked nipples (35%). Conclusion: The results of the research indicate the need for a greater degree of education of future mothers about the importance of breastfeeding and proper breastfeeding techniques. It is necessary to carry out health education work at all levels of health care to minimize obstacles to natural nutrition
Recife, metrópole amarga do Regionalismo: misoginia, sexismo e relações de gênero da obra de Mauro Mota (1940-1980)
Authors: Amaral Tércio de Lima , Lins Aline Maria Grego
Published: August 2021

A projeção como jornalista e poeta possibilitou ao imortal da Academia Brasileira de Letras, Mauro Mota (1911-1984), um testemunho sobre a misoginia e o sexismo hostil da intelectualidade recifense, além de como se davam as relações de gênero no Recife, sobretudo, entre os anos 1940 e 1980, período de nossa análise. O artigo aborda essas representações a partir das poesias do escritor e seus trabalhos enquanto intelectual. Mauro Mota é uma referência do jornalismo pernambucano, tendo atuado no Diario de Pernambuco e com passagens em instituições como o Instituto Joaquim Nabuco de Pesquisas Sociais e o Arquivo Público Estadual Jordão Emerenciano.
Palavras-chave: Gênero; misoginia; regionalismo; história.
The teacher as innovator in the pandemic
Authors: Lindberg Ylva , Haglind Therése
Published: August 2021

The upper secondary school's transition to remote education in spring 2020 showed Swedish schools' preparedness to redirect to distance learning (The Swedish National Agency for Education, 2020). The processes during the transition revealed that technology not only replaced the walls of the classroom, but also took over every day learning practices. With the aim to create in-depth knowledge about conditions and practices that emerged, facilitated or hindered the transition, a data set has been constructed based on 52 upper secondary school teachers’ stories about their personal experiences of the transitional period. The narrative approach (Riessman, 1993) methodologically serves to access qualitative aspects and different dimensions of practice in change. Theoretically, Kemmis (2019) describes the importance of paying attention to practices in motion and to provide for and support practices in the making, since human development, as well as individual and collective learning, are based on constantly changing practices. The data material has been analyzed thematically and the results reveal three overarching practices: collaborative, communicative, and creative, as crucial in the development work with digital and distance learning. The results offer indications that if these three practices are equally and jointly supported, the quality of the teaching and learning will develop.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF KSHEENA SHUKRA (OLIGOSPERMIA) LEADING TO MALE INFERTILITY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: A R Akhilraj , A R Amalraj
Published: August 2021

As per the World Health Organization (WHO) report in India, the overall prevalence of primary infertility ranges between 3.9 to 16.8%. A recent report on status of infertility states that, 50% is related to reproductive anomalies or disorders in the male, in which 90% of male infertility problems are related to Oligospermia and other abnormalities in semen analysis. As per Ayurveda, Oligospermia can be considered as Ksheena Shukra. Surgery, Hormone treatments, Medications and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) are the main line of treatment in Conventional medicine, but these are associated with many unwanted and serious adverse effects. The present case discussion is about the effective management of a case diagnosed as Ksheena Shukra (Oligospermia) with Ayurvedic intervention, which was posted for ART and Hormone therapy. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic treatment in the management of Ksheena Shukra. In this case study, Shodhana procedures (especially Virechana karma) were performed before the administration of Rasayana and Vajikarana drugs, which are Narasimha rasayana, Bhringarajasavam, Ashwagandha churna. The pre and post Semen analysis on the treatment period shows, marked increase in sperm count and motility. The outcome of this case reveals that the Oligospermia associated with male infertility can be effectively managed by Ayurvedic treatments.
A CLINICO-COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LASHUNA SIDDHA TAILPANA POORVAK VAMANA KARMA AND NITYA VIRECHANA BY GOMUTRA HARITAKI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Tokle Sheetal R
Published: August 2021

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone. This is more prevalent among women. Management through levothyroxine is safe & may bring the value of Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine to normal range but the increased dosage and continuous medication are cost expensive and make the patient into drug dependent till the end of mortal life. So, better, therapy is needed for the society through the heritage of Ayurveda especially with Shodhana therapy. Aim of Clinico-comparative study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Lashuna siddha Tailpana Poorvak Vamana Karma and Nityavirechana by Gomutra Haritaki in the management of Hypothyroidism. Study was conducted at Govt. Akhandanada Ayurvedic hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This study was Open labelled parallel randomized control trial. 15 patients were treated with Lashuna siddha Tailpana Poorvak Vamana Karma in group A. 15 patients was treated with Nitya Virechana by Gomutra Haritaki in group B. Washout period was 14 days. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine were compared at the end of treatment by paired t-test and Mann Whitney-U test. Lashuna siddha Tailpana Poorvak Vamana Karma was more beneficial than Nitya Virechana by Gomutra Haritaki. Insignificant difference was found on subjective and objective parameters (Weight gain, Basal metabolic rate, Serum triiodothyronine) but significance difference found on objective parameters (Thyroid stimulating hormone, Serum thyroxine).
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF HARIDRA ARKA
Authors: D Anusree , P S Nidhin
Published: August 2021

Haridra is a drug which serves as both Ahara and Aushadha. It is widely used in clinical practice in various formulations in different pathological conditions. Haridra Arka is mentioned in Arka Prakasha written by Ravana. In this paper, the constituents of Haridra Arka are analyzed to find out its therapeutic domain which would be favorable to the current clinical scenario. The methods are Haridra Arka was tested using HPTLC and Gas chromatography. Six major components were identified with the predominance of Eucalyptol. The parameters obtained in the physicochemical analysis may be used as identifying tools for the quality assessment of Haridra Arka.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ELEMENTAL PROFILING AND STANDARDIZATION OF SOME AYURVEDA MEDICINES USED IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Patil Priyanka , Gawhankar Madhuree , Bidve Shivcharan , Gudi R V , Lavand Atul
Published: August 2021

Tribhuvankirti Rasa is a herbo-mineral Ayurvedic medicine regularly used to treat different types of fever. It has antipyretic and analgesic activities. It is an effective medicine for the common cold, flu and other Vata kapha problems. Laghumalini Vasanta is also Ayurvedic medicine, used to treat chronic fever and effective in pitta disorders. Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India also recommended these medicines to prevent the severe conditions of Cov-2 infection. Review of literature suggested that phytochemical and elemental characterization parameters of Tribhuvankirti Rasa and Laghumalini Vasant are not reported. The objective of this study is to report phytochemical and elemental profiling and to standardize Tribhuvankirti Rasa (TKR) and Laghumalini Vasant (LMV) to confirm quality and purity. Tribhuvankirti Rasa and Laghumalini Vasant evaluated for phytochemical and elemental parameters by HPTLC and ICP-OES respectively. HPTLC analysis confirms LMV contains Piperine and TKR contains Piperine and 6-Gingerol. The solvent systems toluene: ethyl acetate (7: 3) v/v for Piperine & Hexane: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (4 : 6 : 0.1) v/v for 6-Gingerol were optimized. ICP-OES analysis confirms presence of Zn in LMV and Hg in TKR. HPTLC and ICP-OES methods were validated successfully for Tribhuvankirti Rasa and Laghumalini Vasant. The characterization and method validation parameters presented in this paper may serve as standard reference for quality control analysis of Tribhuvankirti Rasa and Laghumalini Vasant.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Rai Nuri , Kiruba Mary A Jebarna
Published: August 2021

The present study has been conducted with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding knowledge on selected cognitive behavioral therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers. An evaluative approach was adopted for the study. The research design chosen for the study was a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test. 40 primary school teachers who met the inclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was provided to assess the knowledge regarding selected cognitive behavioral therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The overall pre-test result shows 45 % of the respondents possesses inadequate knowledge and 52.5 % of the respondents possess moderate knowledge and remaining 2.5 % of the respondent possess adequate knowledge. Whereas, in the post-test results 62.5 % of them had adequate knowledge and 37.5 % had moderate knowledge. The overall findings of the study clearly showed that the structured teaching programme was significantly effective in improving the knowledge regarding selected cognitive behavioral therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers. Conducting a structured teaching programme would be effective in increasing the knowledge of respondents.
AN INSIGHT INTO AYURVEDA DIETETICS TO FIGHT THE IMPACT OF ABNORMAL DIETARY HABITS ON MENSTRUAL HEALTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Thakur Jyotsna , Masand Sameet
Published: August 2021

Menstrual health is fundamental to women’s sexual and reproductive health. Diet constitutes the life of living beings and influences the human lifestyle as well as individual quality of life. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role during adolescence for normal functioning of reproductive potential and significantly affect menstrual functioning in young women. In today’s era, over consumption of high calorie dense food popularly called as junk food, disordered eating habits, meal skipping are major causes of menstrual disorders which are on increasing trend amongst teenagers. These abnormal eating habits have carved up the developing nations and posing great threat to human health. Only way to cope up with this nutritional pandemic is to focus on Ayurveda dietetics which not only emphasizes on nutritional value of food but even places greater emphasis on type of food, quantity, digestive capacity, dietary customs, habitat, food processing, meal intake timings etc. for the promotion of positive health and prevention and management of wide range of ailments. It is imperative to reinvigorate the ancient science of dietetics to obtain its prime benefits for mankind. Knowledge emphasizing about the eating habits, nutritional diet, disadvantages of unhealthy foods, their impact and preventive measures should be given to create awareness and render health education for a change towards healthy eating practices. Therefore, this review summarizes the ancient and current scientific evidence on association between dietary habits and reproductive potential as well as preventive management approach through Ayurveda.
A CRITICAL LITERARY REVIEW OF AGNI AND ITS ROLE IN AHARAPAKA AND IMPORTANCE OF SHADRASATMAK AHARA FOR A HEALTHY LIFE
Authors: Chaudhary Himadri Hasmukhbhai , Chandrakant Laxman Lavgankar , Manjani Taniya Suresh
Published: August 2021

Health is a state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing. And according to Ayurveda this state of physical and mental wellbeing is related to Agni; as the person is Swastha when the Dosha Dhatu and Mala are in samyavastha with Indriya, Atma and Mana performing their karmas efficiently. And for these Dosha, Dhatu and Mala to be in proportion Agni (digestive fire) must be in proportion (samyavastha- Samagni). This Agni digests the Sthula Ahara into Sukshma Ahara i.e., the nutrients to nourish the tissues and cells at micro level, which is utilized by the body for its growth and development. Thus, the type of Ahara taken also plays an important role as what is being digested will only be converted for the utilization by the body. This article will focus on the concept of Agni its role in the process of Aharapaka and importance of the complete Shadrasatmak Ahara for a healthy life.
A REVIEW OF SUSHRUTA SAMHITA NIDANA STHANA
Authors: Kaushik Kavita , Arya Himadri , Aggarwal Ruby Rani
Published: August 2021

In Ayurveda it is mentioned that “rogamado nirakshte tatoantram aushadham” which means we understand the disease at first and then choose the drugs. Nidana Sthana is important as per Sarva Tantra Siddhant i.e., Karya Karan Bhav which means the effect always imitate the cause. It is a bridge between initial phase i.e., origin to outcome i.e., treatment of disease. Hence, it is given special importance in treatises of Ayurveda like Sushruta Samhita. The complete knowledge regarding the origin to pathogenesis helps to institute appropriate treatment and to suggest preventive measures. This paper is about Nidana Sthana of Sushruta Samhita, main treatise of Shayla tantra. Nidana Sthana is a second section among all six sections of Sushruta Samhita. The sixteen chapters of Nidana Sthana in Sushruta Samhita consist of various diseases involving Shalya as well as Shalakya.
AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO ORODENTAL CARE: A REVIEW
Authors: Vasudevan Sruthi , Kumar Pradeep K , M D Visakh
Published: August 2021

Ayurveda being an ancient science of medicine places great emphasis on prevention of disease and encourages the maintenance of health. Now a day’s people are giving more importance to cosmetic care among that dental care plays an inevitable role. Dental care refers to maintenance of healthy teeth and oral hygiene. Good oral and dental hygiene can help to prevent bad breath, tooth decay and can help to keep your teeth as you get older. Your mouth can reflect the overall health of the body, showing signs of infection or disease before you experience other symptoms. Dentistry is included under Shalakya Tantra, which is one among the Ashtangas of Ayurveda. Different regimens which are explained under Dinacharya, various Ayurvedic drugs and Ayurvedic preparation can improve the Orodental health and existing damage can usually be repaired. Dantadhavana, Jivhanirlekha, Kavala, Gandusha, Pratisarana, Nasya and Tambulasevana are highly effective daily procedure for the maintenance of Orodental health. Diet is one of the major aetiological factors for many dental diseases and Ayurveda has explained Pathya Aharas for maintaining proper dental health. An Ayurvedic view of prevention of Orodental diseases through different regimens, Pathyapathyas and drugs are discussed in this article for giving the best possible Orodental health for the individual.
A REVIEW ON ASCHYOTANA THERAPY AND ITS YOGAS
Authors: P R Meenu , Kumar Pradeep K
Published: August 2021

Shalakya Tantra is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda which deals with Urdhwajatru Vikaras and their treatment. Urdhwajatru Vikaras include diseases of eye, ear, nose, mouth, and throat. Among them, Ophthalmology comprises major part of Shalakya Tantra. Kriyakalpas are the treatment modalities mentioned exclusively for eye diseases. It includes Aschyotana, Seka, Tarpana, Putapaka, Pindi, Vidalaka and Anjana. Aschyotana is considered as first line oftreatment in Netra Vikaras by Acharya Vagbhata. In this present era due to pollution and changing lifestyles there are manifestation of eye disorders. Many of this disease can be managed in their early stage itself by doing Aschyotana. Also, many simple and effective Aschyotana Yogas are mentioned in our classics by different Acharyas. In this paper an effort is taken to compile the references regarding Aschyotana therapy along with its Yogas (formulations) mentioned in Brihattrayis.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BLEEDING PER RECTUM AND AYURVEDIC STYPTIC MEASURES: A REVIEW
Authors: Patil Shivanand , Samudri M D
Published: August 2021

A greater part of the population has experienced rectal bleeding at any stage of their life span. Bleeding per rectum is the commonest but alarming symptom of all the anorectal complaints of the patients attending OPDs. Many of the general practitioners involved in rural areas, detain per rectal and proctoscopic examination of anorectal primary care patients, consequently, most of the serious illnesses may forego undiagnosed and could become life-threatening and economically overburden the patient. Differential diagnosis plays a key role in treating effectively. Ayurvedic literature has accredited several diseases with symptoms of bleeding per rectum. In most of the pittaja and raktaja variety of pakvashayagata (related to the colon) and gudagata rogas (related to anus & rectum), bleeding per rectum is the commonest symptom. The literature has given the number of etiological factors and many ailments causing bleeding per rectum such as age, habitat, food habits, occupation, and habits. Detailed history regarding these and nature of bleeding, amount of bleeding, colour etc. may certainly help to differentiate the diseases. This article highlights disease wise features and nature of bleeding, recommended investigations and colonoscopic examination which will differentiate and confirm the diagnosis. And also lists out several Ayurvedic styptic medicines which facilitate the cessation of bleeding when used judiciously according to dosha and vyadhi avastha.
A REVIEW OF PHYTOMORPHOLOGICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ON IPOMOEA CARNEA
Authors: Sing Mahaveer , Kumar Sravan P , Shrivastava Birendra , Reddy Pamula B , Rohilla Suma
Published: August 2021

Ipomoea carnea Jacq. grows as wild plant in India. It is identified as a useful material for several applications including medicinal purposes. Different extracts of Ipomoea carnea plant possess anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, immune modulatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, sedative, cardiovascular, inhibition and wound healing activities. However, some toxicological effects have been also reported. In this review the potential of phytochemical, pharmacological and other activities of Ipomoea carnea are discussed.
AN OVERVIEW OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Varma M Mohan , Kinnera Indukuri
Published: August 2021

During the past few years, silver nanoparticles became one amongst the foremost investigated and explored technology derived nanostructures, given the fact that nano silver primarily based materials established to possess attention-grabbing, challenging, and inspiring characteristics appropriate for numerous applications. Generation after generation, the postulates come back forth regarding properties of silver for the traditional Greeks cook from silver pots and the recent saying “born with silver spoon in his mouth” so show that ingestion with a silver spoon was renowned as uncontaminated. Silver has an excessive amount of contemporary industrial uses and is considered as a store of wealth. Silver nanoparticles are unit one amongst the foremost very important and interesting nano materials among many metals like nanoparticles. they need been urban as a complicated unit within the field of nanotechnology. This review predominately focused on advantages and synthesis of silver nanoparticles using physical, chemical, and biological ways. However, physical, and chemical methods are harmful and expensive however the biological technique is easy, rapid, non- noxious and ecofriendly. It additionally explains regarding mechanism of action, numerous characterization techniques as well as UV- Visible Spectroscopy, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential and finally concluded with numerous applications.
A REVIEW ON THE SECOND-GENERATION LIPID CARRIERS: NLC’S
Authors: Sree A N Jyothsna
Published: August 2021

Over the past few years, nanostructured lipid carriers became an emerging drug delivery system as lipid drug delivery systems are more focused. Within them, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have more advantages over other lipid carriers. This article is a cumulation of structure, types, composition, formulation methodologies, drug release from NLCs, various applications of NLCs. The key aspects for promising drug delivery systems are biocompatibility, drug loading capacity, ease of preparation, non-toxicity, and stability
ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF VISARPA (HERPES ZOSTER): A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sori Ashwini K , Pervaje Ravishankar
Published: August 2021

Herpes zoster (Visarpa) is infection that results in the formation of painful red skin rashes due to reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus from its latent state present in a posterior dorsal root ganglion. The worldwide incidence of Herpes Zoster is 5-10% per 100 populations. In our ancient classics of Ayurveda, the diseased mentioned as visarpa resembles herpes zoster which is mentioned apart from Kushtha vyadhis. The attributes to acute symptoms like an utana shopha, daha, jwara, vedana and the nature of sphotas / pidikas are so specific that it is described as agnidagdhavat. The management of disease in contemporary system is though only symptomatic done with antiviral drugs. The description of management of Visarpa with different treatment modalities is available in the classical literatures of Ayurveda having promising results, so here is a case report of a female patient presenting with lesions over the neck region with itching, fever and burning sensation, Dhara, lepa, mridu shodhana was given along with oral medications by the end of 5 days treatment patient showed good improvement in symptoms.
MANAGEMENT OF HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS THROUGH SHODHANA AND SHAMANA AUSHADHI: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kotian Pooja J , Devi Seetha P
Published: August 2021

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland due to the formation of autoantibodies. It is an autoimmune disorder that would lead to hypothyroidism. Failures of host defense do occur, however, and fall into three broad categories: immune deficiencies, autoimmunity and hypersensitivities. Ayurveda has a unique approach in treating the auto immune disorders through Shodhana and Rasayana Therapies. Due to Nidana Sevana, Kapha - pitta vata dushti takes place leading to Jatharagni Vaishamya and Ama Utpatti. This causes Asamyak Ahara Pachana, Rasavaha Srotodushti, Rasa Dhatwagni Vaishamya leads to Uttarottara dhatwagni and Dhatu Vaishamya. When Agni becomes too low, metabolism is affected. Shodhana karma has a great efficacy in Sroto-shodhana and in turn it corrects the functioning of Jatharagni, dhatwagni Srotas and Doshas. The present case study includes a female patient of 26 years age suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis complaints of gradual increase in size of swelling over neck for 3 years She was treated with Shodhana and Shamana Aushadhis for 3 months and found effective in reducing the levels of antibodies.
EFFICACY OF SHASTIKA SHALI PINDA SWEDA IN MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Yadav Pratima , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2021

Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that make muscles weaker and less flexible over time. This disease comes under Beeja dosha and Mamsavaha Srotodushti which leads to Mamsavaha Kshaya and impairment of Mamsagni and can be treated as Mamsagat vata which is explained in Ayurvedic text. This is a single case study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Shastika Shali Pinda Sweda in muscular dystrophy. The case report is A female patient aged 14 years was admitted in IPD of Kayachikitsa and Panchakarma with complains of both lower limb weakness, loss of muscle strength. It was a diagnosed case of muscular dystrophy. The patient was unable to walk, sit and stand properly due to the weakness in lower limbs and other associated symptoms loss of appetite, weakness. Diagnosis done by the examination of muscle power and tone. During the examination, Muscle tone and power diminished in the lower limbs of the patient. Materials and methods are Shastika Shali, Bala mool (decoction), Milk, Ksheer bala tail (for Abhyanga). Triphala churna 1 gram at bedtime and Shunthi churna 0.5 gram two times before meal given to enhancing the appetite. Shastika Shali Pinda Sweda was done for 14 days regularly and then follow-up after 1 month. The patient showed significant improvement in muscle weakness, and she can be able to do her work without any support. This single case study shows the efficacy of Panchakarma procedure and minimize the severity of disease and improving quality of life of patients.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PARTIAL EMPTY SELLA SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sarma Eswara M P , P K Arathi
Published: August 2021

Empty Sella Syndrome is a disorder that involves the presence of Cerebro-spinal fluid in Sella turcica in an excess amount. In empty Sella syndrome the Sella turcica is either partially filled with cerebrospinal fluid and an atrophied pituitary gland lying in the floor of the Sella (Partial Empty Sella Syndrome) or filled with cerebrospinal fluid which pushes the pituitary gland into a side of Sella turcica resulting in non-visualization of the gland. (Completely empty Sella). A 37-year-old female diagnosed with partial empty Sella syndrome was managed with Pathyakshadhatryadi kashayam 15 ml twice daily in empty stomach with 45 ml lukewarm water, Rasnadi choornam tailam application, mahatraiphala ghritam 10 ml at night after food, Kshirabala 7 Avarti tailam pratimarsha nasyam. After completion of the treatment, there was considerable relief in the primary complaint of the patient which was a recurrent headache and the follow up MRI showed a marked change in the condition. This case report highlights the role of Ayurveda in the management of partial empty Sella syndrome and sheds light for further study on the same.
A Study on Socio-economic Condition of Sheep Rearers of District Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
Authors: Rawat Saumya , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2021

Background: Uttarakhand is a hilly state and a very little land is under cultivation but animal husbandry appears to be a good source of livelihood for farmers and sheep rearing is one of the major components of animal husbandry in Uttarakhand which help farmers to run their life. Sheep rearing is very much prevailing in hilly regions of the State.

Aim: To find the socio-economic condition of the rearers.

Methodology: A study was conducted in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. A total of 80 rearers were selected randomly from the Bhatwari block of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand and a pre structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the rearers. Respondents were classified into three categories on the basis of number of sheep viz. small (having less than 50 sheep), medium (between 50-100 sheep), and large (more than 100 sheep).

Results: Study showed that small rearers have 46.86 average numbers of sheep whereas medium size rearers have 73.88 and large rearers have 258.52 average numbers of sheep. Out of which number of Ram were lowest. Most of the rearers were from 35-50 years of age group. 48.74 % of rearers had completed their primary education and 14.11% of rearers were illiterate. Majority of rearers (i.e., 68.75) were engaged with two occupations. On an average 57.48 % of rearers were OBCs (Other backward class) and 29.99 % were from tribal community(i.e.,Bhotiya). The average income of small, medium and large farm group is ₹53,440, ₹89,627 ₹1,96,802 respectively.

Conclusion: It was concluded that there is need to eradicate the lack of awareness about the new technologies and educate the rearers about more efficient way of sheep rearing. With this women participation and youth should also be encouraged to involve in sheep rearing.
Factors Influencing Climate Variability Adaptation Strategies among Small-Scale Farmers in Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Mulyungi Lenah Mutindi , Waswa Sharon Chepkemboi
Published: August 2021

Climate variability poses a major challenge for small holder rain fed agricultural production with a relatively greater impact on small scale farmers worldwide. Kitui County, Kenya, particularly remains relatively less focused on climate change and farmer understanding of climate variability response strategies. This study sought to assess variability in climate (rainfall and temperature) in Kitui County from 1980-2012 and assess influence of household socio-economic factors on farmer’s level of knowledge on climate variability adaptation techniques. The study also investigated the challenges faced by farmers in applying climate variability adaptation techniques. To achieve the objectives outlined above, a survey design was employed and a sample of 387 respondents selected. Majority of the respondents were small scale farmers in Kitui County. Questionnaires were designed and administered to the selected subjects to solicit data on climate adaptation techniques and socioeconomic factors influencing farmers’ knowledge levels on climate variability adaptation techniques. Data were statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and results discussed and presented in tables, charts and graphs. The study found that climate has over the years varied with temperatures having increased by 2⁰C in the 1980s and early 1990s. The rainfall has reduced to less than 600mm with the lowest rainfall (226mm) being recorded in 2006. This implies that the Kitui County is becoming drier and hotter. These findings were ascertained by majority of the respondents (91.1%) who agreed that rainfall patterns had varied in the last ten years. The study found that there were no significant differences on how local farmers adapted to the changes in climate with regard to income, age and even ownership of land. An exception however, was on education levels with the study finding significant statistical differences (p<0.005) on how farmers with different levels of education adapted to climatic variability and change.
Seroprevelance of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Students of Bingham University, Karu in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Abioye, Joshua Omoniyi , Sylvia Anarado, Kosisochukwu , Seye Babatunde,
Published: August 2021

Helicobacter pylori infection occurs worldwide, though the burden differs greatly between countries and within populations. Studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori infection is higher in developing countries, including Nigeria and among populations of low socio-economic status. The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection amongst students of Bingham University, Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 565 blood samples were collected from students with their consents after completing a self-administered questionnaire. Each blood sample was spun for 5 minutes at 1000 rpm to get the serum, which was used to determine the presence of H. pylori antibody using a Helicobacter pylori test cassette. Of the 565 students screened, 31 were found to be positive, giving a prevalence of 5.5% (95%CI=3.6-7.4). Prevalence among the female students was higher at 6.3% in contrast to the male 4.5%, though this difference was not statistically significant (chi-square=0.904, P-value=0.34). Students aged 26-30 years showed the highest prevalence of 8.8% above 4.2%, 5.6% of the age ranges 15-20 and 21-25 years, respectively. Seropositivity of H. pylori increased with students’ year of study, with 100 Level having 9.3%, followed by 6.3% in 200 level. The 300 and 400 Levels had 5.8% and 2.5, respectively. Also, the students who were knowledgeable about the infection and those who were not had 15.7% and 3.2% seroprevalence, respectively. The low prevalence of the infection obtained in this study did not show sex or age differencesand could be as a result of the good sanitary living conditions or good feeding habits of the students. It is recommended that infected students should eat at regular intervals, obtain adequate treatment after stool analysis to confirm the infection, and also practice good sanitary habits. The school authority should keep on improving the living conditions of the students as this will enhance lower prevalence or total elimination of the infection.
Growth and Development of Abelmuschus esculentus (Okra) in Gully Eroded Soil Amended with Different Rates of Cow Dung Manure
Authors: Kenneth Ekwealor U. , Kingsley Okereke E. , Chisom Iroka F. , Chukwu Okereke N. , Ibadin Francis H.
Published: August 2021

The growth and development of Abelmuschus esculentus (okra) in gully eroded soil amended with different rates of cow dung manure was studied using the complete randomized design; morphormetric data such as leaf area, plant height, stem girth, numbers of nodes, number of leaves and percentage flowering was collected and analyzed. A 30 kg of gully eroded soil sample was put into a sac in triplicate and six treatments of cow dung was introduced into it (0.5 kg, 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg, 2.5 kg and 3.0 kg) respectively. The results of study showed that there is a significant difference in all the treatments compared to control.  Highest petiole length (31.63±1.84) of Okra plant was obtained at week seven with 2.0 kg amended soil. The 2.5 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest leave length with the mean of 30.36±2.47 while the least leave length occurred in the 2.5 kg treatment at week 1 with the mean value of 0.49±0.03. The 2.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest leave length with the mean of 36.96±1.15 while the least leave length occurred in the 2.5 kg treatment at week 1 with the mean value of 0.44±0.03. The 1.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest length of internode (23.16±3.55) while the least length of internode occurred in the control at week 2 (0.86±0.23). At week 1 for all treatments, no result was obtained for length of internodes. The 0.5 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest number of leaves with the mean of 21.33±4.93 while the least number of leaves occurred in the 0.5 kg, 2.0 kg and 2.5 kg treatments respectively at week 1 and in the control sample at week 2. The result also revealed that the 1.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest stem length (154.73±30.99) while the least stem length occurred in the 2.0 kg at week 1(0.46±0.03). The 3.0 kg treatment of manure at week 7 had the highest stem girth (9.33±0.51) while the least stem girth occurred in the 2.5 kg at week 1(0.31±0.02). The soil analysis result showed that nitrogen was highest in the soil at 2.0 kg treatment of cow dung (402±2.51) while the 1.5 kg treatment and control had the least nitrogen content (322±0.57) and (322±3.05) respectively. The highest phosphorus content was 1.0 kg treatment of cow dung (986±1.53), with the control having the lowest phosphorus content (280±2.00). On the potassium content, the 2.5 kg treatment had the highest (843±0.57) while the control had the least content of potassium (357±1.52). The overall result showed that the growth and development of okra was enhanced by application of cow dung which influenced soil nutrient status positively.
Spectrum of Bacterial Co-Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract in COVID 19 Patients Admitted to the ICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Shoaib , Nazir Asifa , Bashir Humaira , Amin Umara
Published: August 2021

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the burden of bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 and to ensure judicious use of antibiotics.

Study Design: Hospital based, cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, and associated hospitals, between July 2020 and February 2021.

Methodology: A total of 70 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT PCR of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples were included in the study. Lower respiratory specimen like endotracheal aspirate (ETA), sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from COVID-19 patients admitted in the ICU were collected as per standard protocol and subjected to quantitative cultures in the laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in line with CLSI recommendations.

Results: Of the 70 lower respiratory tract specimens (Endotracheal aspirate n=53, sputum n=15, and Bronchoalveolar lavage n=02) taken from RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients, 51 (72.9%) showed microbiological evidence of bacterial infection by culture positivity. 28/51 (55%) were males and 23/51 (45%) were females, mean age was 54 years (range= 16-85 years). Majority of the organisms recovered (n=51, 83%) were Gram-negative bacilli, among which Acinetobacter spp. (n=27, 53%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=06, 12%) were the most common. Among Gram positive organisms, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp were most commonly isolated.

Conclusion: It is evident from our study that superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus is of serious concern. Timely treatment of these infections is pivotal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates in COVID-19-infected patients.