bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Student Activeness Using The Cooperative Model TGT IPAS Class IV SDN Tambak Wedi 508
Authors: Widiastya Dita Widiastya , Dita Rahmania Widiastya  , Devina Oviana Dwi Agustin  , Silvyulla Puspita Ambarsari  , Agung Setyawan  , Tehseen Mazhar
Published: December 2024

This research is motivated by observational data that shows students' learning activity in IPAS material is very low. To respond to that, the researcher conducted a classroom action research aimed at improving students' learning activity. The objectives to be achieved in this research include: (1) To determine the improvement of students' engagement in learning through the use of lecture method, (2) To determine the improvement of students' engagement in the learning process through the use of cooperative learning model, specifically Teams Games Tournament (TGT). This research is a classroom action research. This research was conducted in class IVB with a total of 32 students, consisting of 17 male students and 15 female students. The research was conducted in 2 cycles, and the results showed an improvement in effectiveness in the second cycle. The change occurred because in the second cycle, students were more engaged in working together with their group, so there was less opportunity to discuss with other groups. This research measures several student learning skills, namely: questioning skills, answering skills, discussing skills, and group learning skills. The research findings show improvement in each domain in each cycle.The selection of this learning model is highly suitable and can enhance students' engagement in learning because in this learning model, students are not just passive listeners during the lesson, but they actively participate, think, learn, and compete among groups. This makes students challenged to win the competition and become active in learning.
Improving Visual Arts Learning Outcomes Through the Demonstration Method for Fourth-Grade Students at SDN Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan
Authors: Alfin Aprilia Halisa , Istiqomaturrobiah Asri , Rania Nabila
Published: December 2024

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) originates from the issue of low student performance in Cultural Arts and Crafts, particularly in drawing topics. The primary reasons for this are the traditional teaching methods and insufficient modeling by the teacher, which make the material delivery unclear and overly teacher-centric. The objective of this research is to enhance students' engagement and performance in Cultural Arts and Crafts, specifically in batik drawing, for the fourth-grade class C at Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan State Elementary School by implementing the demonstration method. The strength of this study lies in its shift from a teacher-centered to a student-centered learning approach through the use of demonstrations. This method encourages students to actively seek, discover, and deepen their understanding independently. The research was conducted over three cycles, with data collected via interviews, questionnaires, tests, observations, and documentation from both teachers and students. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students' engagement and performance with the use of the demonstration method. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying the demonstration method effectively boosts students' learning activities and achievements in Cultural Arts and Crafts, especially in batik drawing, in the fourth-grade class C at Kemayoran 1 Bangkalan State Elementary School.
Increasing Student Activeness Through Problem Based Learning at PKn Class IV SDN Gili Timur 2
Authors: Muhajiroh Siti , Nurrahma Hanisah Rica , Amanti Tria Priska , Kantathanawat Thiyaporn
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing students’ learning activity. The research method employed is classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. The subjects of this research are 38 fourth-grade students of SDN Gili Timur 2 Elementary School. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of student learning activity increased from the first cycle to the second cycle. In the first cycle, the percentage of student activity was 60 percent, and in the second cycle, it further increased to 81 percent. The average results in the second cycle show that learning activity and the implementation of PBL are categorized as very good due to the improvement. The research findings demonstrate that PBL is effective in enhancing student activity in PKn learning. Thus, PBL can be considered as an effective alternative learning model to improve student learning activity. This research provides a significant contribution to improving the quality of education at SDN Gili Timur 2
How to Increase Students' Interest in Learning Throught TGT Type Cooperative Learning at SDN Keleyan 2
Authors: Dwiyanti Aprilia , Oktavia Elda , Aisyi Faradiba Rohadatul , Setyawan Agung , Alwi Syarifah Rafidah Wan
Published: December 2024

Team Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model was used in this research to increase students' interest in learning in science subjects regarding human and animal organs. This research is Classroom Action Research which consists of the stages of Planning, Implementation, Observation and Follow-up. Conducted in class V at SDN Keleyan 2 for two cycles. In cycle I, achievement was still low, so improvements were made in cycle II. The results of cycle II show that the use of the TGT learning model succeeded in increasing students' interest in learning.
Improving Students' Ability to Identify Insulators and Conductors Through Demonstration and Experimentation in Buluh 1 Elementary School
Authors: Faradila Nadya , Fajrin Weny , Saputra Yoga
Published: December 2024

This research aims to improve students' ability to identify insulators and conductors through the application of demonstration and experimental methods in science learning. In this learning approach, students will be actively involved in direct observation, experiments, and analysis of results to understand the concept of the properties of insulators and conductors. The implementation of this research implemented steps including initial planning, implementation and observation, reflection, and revised plans. This research was designed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in improving students' understanding of the differences between insulators and conductors. Through the use of simple tools such as candles, matches, chopsticks, spoons, paper and cloth. This research was carried out at the Buluh 01 State Elementary School for class VI students, using the Demonstration and Experiment method, it is hoped that students will understand more about science learning. The data collection technique used is observation/observation techniques. This research instrument uses a test questionnaire and observation sheet.The demonstration and experimental methods in this research are said to be effective because they can improve the abilities and learning outcomes of class VI students at SDN Buluh I. It was found that there was a significant increase in the average student scores from cycle I (66) and cycle II (82), and the level of learning completeness increased from cycle I (66.35%) and increased in cycle II by (81.85%). So it can be concluded that the use of this method is very effective in learning insulators and conductors. When conducting this research, researchers are advised to provide sufficient examples, adequate practice, and repeated familiarization.
Efforts to Improve Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes Through the Jigsaw Cooperative Model in Grade IIIA at SDN Keleyan 2
Authors: Putra Danu , Utami Putri , Anshori Ibnu
Published: December 2024

Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge that can occur anytime and anywhere, even without a teacher, through activities like reading, writing, or internet research. However, in the teaching-learning process, the teacher serves as a facilitator. Learning outcomes reflect the knowledge or skills students achieve after instructional activities, often assessed through tests such as daily exams, UTS, or UAS. These outcomes are crucial for measuring student progress. The jigsaw cooperative learning model involves dividing students into groups where each member studies assigned material and teaches it to their group, fostering interaction and collaboration. Research implementing this model in Grade 3A at SDN Keleyan 2 demonstrated significant improvement in learning outcomes. Initially, from the Pre-Test results, only 5 of 25 students met the learning outcome criteria. In Cycle I's Post-Test, this number increased to 10, with 15 students still not meeting the criteria. By Cycle II's Post-Test, 20 students had met the criteria, leaving only 5 students below the threshold. These findings indicate that the jigsaw cooperative learning model effectively enhances student learning outcomes by promoting active participation and collaborative learning among students.
Increasing Student Literacy In Learning Indonesian Through The CTL Model For Class 4 SDN Telanng 2
Authors: Afrida Desvia Nur , Emelya Qoffayana
Published: December 2024

This study examines the interest and understanding of students' literacy in learning the Indonesian language in schools. The aim of improving students' literacy in learning the Indonesian language is to enhance students' interest and understanding of reading and writing literacy, especially in Indonesian language learning. The design of this paper uses qualitative research, and the method used in this research is descriptive method, which will examine and describe how reading and writing literacy can affect students in Indonesian language learning. The subjects in this study focus on students of grade IV and teachers as homeroom teachers of grade IV at SDN Telang 2. The results of this study indicate a lack of interest and understanding of students in literacy in Indonesian language learning. Teachers choose to use the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in Indonesian language learning to improve students' understanding of literacy.
Efforts to Improve Student Learning Outcomes Using Phet Simulation Media Science Discussion Method Primary School
Authors: Ruwaida Mediana , Dewi Mustika Sari , Labibah Hikmah , Shaputra Anis
Published: December 2024

This research discusses efforts to improve student learning outcomes in using Phet Simulation Science media through discussion methods in elementary schools. This research will reveal the learning outcomes of students at UPTD SDN 1 Keraton from the use of Phet media for series and parallel electrical circuits. An electrical circuit is a collection of electrical elements or components that are connected to each other in a certain way and generally have one closed path. A series circuit is an arrangement of electrical components connected sequentially, allowing all components in the circuit to operate with electric current. In contrast, a parallel circuit consists of electrical components arranged in branches connected in series, with the same potential but different currents flowing through each branch. The aim of this research is to find out how to deal with the discussion method in a conducive manner using Phet simulation media, and also to try to improve student learning outcomes in using Phet simulation through discussion methods in the classroom in elementary schools.
Efforts to Improve Third Grade Students' Fraction Learning Outcomes Using Picture Media
Authors: Ulfa Siti Madiah , Ainia Carryna Zalfa , Sholikhah Saosa Yumrotus , Siew-Eng Ling
Published: December 2024

A shallow understanding of fractions can impact students' learning outcomes and hinder their ability to solve more complex mathematical problems in the future. Visual media, such as images, can be an effective tool in illustrating fraction concepts visually and concretely, thus facilitating students' understanding. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of using visual media in improving the learning outcomes of third-grade students on fraction material at Tanjung Jati 2 Elementary School. Data collection techniques used in this study include tests and observations. The chosen tests are pre-tests and post-tests in the form of essay tests. The results of this study indicate that the average score in the first cycle pre-test was 61.57. In the second cycle post-test, there was an increase in students' learning outcomes with an average score of 81.31.
Improving Learning Outcomes in Indonesian Language Content Through Example Non-Example Learning for IVA Grade Students at SDN Pejagan 3 Bangkalan
Authors: Maulidina Annisa Putri Azalia , Wardah Fika Riehah , Zuhdi Fiki Riehaz
Published: December 2024

This research aims to provide assistance to teachers in improving children's learning outcomes at SDN Pejagan 3 Bangkalan through the application of the example non example learning model. This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing actions, observing, reflecting. The subjects of this research were 23 grade IV students. So this report aims to test using image media, which can change the way of learning Indonesian to be active, creative and innovative. And this characteristic is still a stage that can change or experience development. The data collection techniques used were interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The research instruments used were interview sheets, questionnaires, written tests, and documentation. The results of this research show that the application of the example non example model can improve Indonesian language learning outcomes for class IVA students at SDN Pejagan 3 Bangkalan, through the pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II stages. Learning outcomes in the pre-cycle stage obtained a completeness percentage of 61% with an average value of 70. Student learning outcomes increased in cycle I with a completeness percentage of 70% with an average value of 70.43. Then in cycle II, the completion percentage was 91% with an average of 88.3. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the media and methods used by teachers have a very big influence or are very important in improving learning achievement in Indonesian Language Subjects.
PARAMPHISTOMATOSIS OF REINDEER ON THE TAIMYR PENINSULA
Authors: Sergeeva O. , Filatova S.
Published: December 2024

The results of helminthological studies on paramphistomatosis of domestic and wild reindeer from 2008 to 2020 are presented. on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula (tundra zone). Wild reindeer are infested with the trematode Paramphistomum cervi (Khatanga region, Kheta river), and domestic reindeer (noskovskaya, tukhard tundra and the right bank of the Yenisei) have not been found to have this trematode species.
HOW EXISTING FORMS OF VETERINARY CARE AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VETERINARY ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Yushkova L. , Donchenko N. , Donchenko A. , Mel'cov I.
Published: December 2024

The work was carried out to organize veterinary affairs in the Russian Federation with the introduction of work in all 89 (85 now) constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main task is and remains the prevention of diseases – the development of a system of measures that prevent their occurrence. All this required a critical scientific assessment of existing structures, the development of the necessary normativno ¬ technical framework, laws for the functioning of new veterinary structures and the subsequent scientific assessment of the effectiveness of their work.
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR NON-DIFFERENT ETIOLOGY IN IRKUTSK REGION
Authors: Yushkova L. , Smolyaninov Yu. , Donchenko N. , Mel'cov I.
Published: December 2024

The list of non-contagious diseases includes diseases of the digestive system, breathing, reproduction, metabolism, mastitis, injury, poisoning. The main etiological factors of the occurrence of animal diseases of a non-different nature are violations of the technology of feeding and keeping animals, non-compliance with veterinary and zoogienic rules.
HIVE-MICROCOLORIMETER DEVICE
Authors: Kas'yanov A. , Lapynina E.
Published: December 2024

The article describes a hive-calorimeter that can be used in beekeeping to control the thermal regime of honey bees in the nuclei. Equipment for the control of thermogenesis in the nucleus hive has been developed and manufactured
Comparative Anatomical Analysis of three Rumex L. Species (Polygonaceae): Stem and Leaf Cross-sections Study
Authors: AlKhoury Rand , AlKhatib Racha
Published: December 2024

Rumex species (Polygonaceae) have very similar morphological characteristics and are challenging to classify depending on the shape of fruits as a taxonomic key. Previous studies have proven the importance of anatomical and microscopic characteristics in finding diagnostic elements for identifying plant species. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies on the leaf and stem anatomy of Rumex L. species. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the anatomical features of stem and leaf cross-sections of Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex chalepensis and Rumex pulcher grown wild in Syria. Fresh plants were collected from various regions during fructification stage. Fresh young parts of stems and leaves were taken and cross-sections were made manually and stained using iodine green - carmine double coloration. The colored cross-sections were examined using a light microscope. This research represents the first detailed anatomical study of leaf cross-sections in three species of Rumex L. grown wild in Syria. The results highlighted 12 qualitative and 10 quantitative features of stem and leaf cross-sections. Only the stem of R. conglomeratus contained calcium oxalate crystals. Papillary trichomes were only present on the leaves of R. pulcher. The shape of stem and leaf cross-sections, the number of vascular bundles in leaf cross-sections, vascular bundle’s diameter, parenchyma layers and thickness, and the number of collenchyma layers exhibited significant differences among the studied species and could be taxonomically important in their classification.
La malattia di Lyme ina una delle sue forme
Authors: Cavaglià Eleonora , Melzi Maria Luisa
Published: December 2024

Lyme disease is endemic in northern Europe and the USA and affects approximately 500,000 people per year. The etiological agent of this zoonosis is a gram-negative spirochete of which approximately 20 different genotypes have been identified to date. Different Borrelia genotypes present a distinct organotropism responsible for the multiple clinical manifestations that are also linked to the different temporal stages of the infection. There is no stereotype that can summarize the signs and symptoms of this infection as it crosses a clinical spectrum that varies from asymptomatic infection to disabling or fatal dis-ease. The paper presents the case of a boy diagnosed and treated for neuroborreliosis. This case is emblematic to highlight and share the heterogeneity of clinical presentations in Lyme disease. A 13-year-old patient, with no history of significant disease, was admitted to the paediatric unit for the sudden onset of right mono-ocular convergent strabismus. Sharing this case aims to highlight the diagnostic-therapeutic paradigm that the presentation of Lyme disease can entail. The issue for scientific discussion is the need for a diagnostic consensus for Lyme disease in the paediatric population.
Integrating community-based interventions to enhance pediatric nutrition and health outcomes in underserved areas
Authors: Nkoyo Lynn Majebi  , Omotoke Modinat Drakeford  , Mojeed Omotayo Adelodun  , Evangel Chinyere Anyanwu
Published: December 2024

Underserved communities face significant challenges in pediatric nutrition and health, exacerbated by socio-economic disparities, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate health education. This paper examines the critical role of community-based interventions in addressing these challenges, highlighting their impact on reducing malnutrition, improving health literacy, and enhancing overall pediatric health outcomes. A contextual analysis underscores the influence of social, economic, and environmental factors on pediatric health disparities, while a review of existing frameworks demonstrates the potential of localized, culturally relevant strategies. The paper outlines effective community-driven approaches, including education programs, resource accessibility, and stakeholder engagement, while addressing the barriers to their implementation. Evidence of measurable outcomes, such as improved growth metrics and reduced disease prevalence, is presented to emphasize the transformative potential of these interventions. Long-term benefits, including strengthened healthcare systems and community resilience, underscore the importance of sustained investment in grassroots efforts. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for policy-makers, healthcare providers, and community leaders to optimize the design and delivery of community-based programs, fostering equitable pediatric health outcomes in underserved areas.
Promoting corporate citizenship through clinical legal education
Authors: Okah-Avae Tobore
Published: December 2024

With the conversation regarding corporations and their role in society becoming mainstay in the public discourse, the broad consensus appears to be that the corporation does in fact owe a duty to more than its investor constituency, even though there remains to be a similar agreement regarding the extent of the aforementioned duty. Corporate citizenship had been devised as a prism by which one might evaluate the role of business in society. However, the perceived voluntarism that often underpins pervasive notions of corporate citizenship and its interchangeability with the parallel concept of corporate social responsibility meant that it had been widely considered to be merely an extension of the latter in its base state. In this article, I argue for an expansion of the concept of corporate citizenship, a paradigm of consideration of the rights and obligations of corporations similar to those of natural citizens. Furthermore, the article considers what role clinical legal education, particularly business law clinics who work with start-ups, might play in ushering corporations along the path to true citizenship.
Neurodivergence, autism and the appropriate adult safeguard in police custody
Authors: Dehaghani Roxanna , Smith Tom
Published: December 2024

Neurodivergent suspects and defendants may be disadvantaged by the processes and procedures within the criminal justice system. Whilst these disadvantages may emerge at any point, they are particularly pertinent during detention in police custody. The various processes and procedures that suspects are subjected to, in combination with the critical nature of the investigative stage of the criminal process, may be destabilising or detrimental to the interests of the neurodivergent suspect. Focusing on autism, this article examines the difficulties that autistic individuals may face and the ways in which their ‘vulnerability’ may emerge when engaging with the criminal process. Examining the appropriate adult – a procedural safeguard in police custody – and its implementation, this article provides a robust analysis of the problems faced by autistic suspects, drawing upon, inter alia, empirical research. It also provides suggestions for law, policy and practice, serving as a catalyst to critically reflect upon the safeguarding of neurodivergent suspects.
Strategic tax planning for multinational corporations: Developing holistic approaches to achieve compliance and profit optimization
Authors: Abiola Oyeronke Akintobi  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  , Olajumoke Bolatito Ajani
Published: December 2024

Strategic tax planning has become increasingly critical for multinational corporations (MNCs) as they navigate a dynamic global tax environment. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with tax compliance and profit optimization, focusing on the complex interplay of international tax laws, reputational risks, and regulatory audits. Key insights include the transformative impact of initiatives such as the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) framework, trends in digital taxation, and the implementation of global minimum tax rates. The paper emphasizes the importance of holistic approaches, including the integration of tax planning into business strategy, leveraging advanced technologies for tax optimization, fostering collaboration with stakeholders, and aligning tax practices with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. Recommendations are provided to help MNCs achieve sustainable compliance while maximizing profitability, ensuring their adaptability and success in an increasingly transparent and interconnected tax landscape.
Micropulse laser cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of secondary glaucoma in patients with post-burn and terminal dystrophic corneal leukoma as a stage of preparation for keratoprosthesis surgery
Authors: Sokolovskaya T. V. , Golovin A. V. , Starostina A. V. , Sholokhova V. R. , Shishkova L. A.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effectiveness of micropulse laser cyclophotocoagulation (mCPC) in patients with secondary glaucoma associated with post-burn and terminal dystrophic corneal leukomas.

METHODS. Twelve patients (12 eyes) with corneal leukomas and secondary glaucoma underwent mCPC. The mean age of the patients was 44±6.5 years, including 8 men and 4 women. All patients exhibited elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), ranging from Tpalp "+" to Tpalp "++," despite being on maximum combination hypotensive therapy. Visual acuity for all patients was 1/∞ light perception with correct projection (proectia lucis certa).

RESULTS. On the first postoperative day, IOP was reduced to Tpalp "+" in 4 patients and to Tpalp "N" in 8 patients. Hypotensive therapy was continued based on individual indications throughout the observation period. By day 7, IOP had decreased to Tpalp "N" in all patients and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. Visual acuity in all cases remained unchanged from the preoperative level. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) revealed that the mean ciliary body thickness (CBT) before surgery was 0.56±0.11 mm. On the first postoperative day, CBT increased by an average of 20.1% due to pronounced edema caused by hydration from the inflammatory response, with a gradual return to baseline by the 1-month follow-up. At 6 months, no statistically significant difference in CBT from the preoperative thickness was observed, with a mean CBT of 0.50±0.12 mm.

CONCLUSIONS. Micropulse cyclophotocoagulation can be an effective treatment for secondary glaucoma in patients with post-burn and terminal dystrophic corneal leukomas. This technique reduces the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications due to its non-invasive nature and low surgical trauma. The procedure can be repeated if IOP increases, and gentle laser parameters can help preserve visual potential.
Una aproximación filosófica a la teoría del Appraisal
Authors: Haro Almerico Mario
Published: December 2024

Las emociones fueron estudiadas por la psicología desde un enfoque primariamente fisiológico como una estrategia para validar empíricamente sus producciones. Esto fue una consecuencia del conductismo metodológico y su impronta en el campo de la investigación psicológica. En dicha tarea se tendió a disociar las emociones de las cogniciones y a presentarlas como resultados de meros procesos fisiológicos. En la década del 70 surgió la appraisal theory (Magda B. Arnold) proponiendo un enfoque distinto que rescata una dimensión cognitiva en las emociones. Pero este enfoque ¿es realmente inédito? Aquí sostenemos que, si bien sus aportes son científicamente consistentes y novedosos, desde el contexto en que se formulan, abrevan en algunos elementos de la filosofía clásica de Aristóteles y santo Tomás de Aquino. Aquí nos circunscribiremos a revisar dos ensayos (Peters y Lazarus) a fin de vincular y ponderar una teoría psicológica con una filosofía subyacente.
Rezension von: Trefz, Bernhard, Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Backnang
Authors: Loderer Klaus J. , Trefz Bernhard
Published: December 2024

Bernhard Trefz: Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Backnang. Verlag Regionalkultur Ubstadt-Weiher 2022. 152 S., zahlr. Abb.
Rezension von: Stadt Backnang, Ortschaftsrat Stümpfelbach (Hrsg.), 750 Jahre Strümpfelbach
Authors: Tomski Cornelia , Ortschaftsrat Backnang-Strümpfelbach
Published: December 2024

Stadt Backnang - Ortschaftsrat Stümpfelbach (Hg.): 750 Jahre Strümpfelbach, Backnang: Knöpfle Druck, 2022.
Rezension von: Blum, Ralf (Hrsg.), Meinbaco
Authors: Tomski Cornelia , Blum Ralf
Published: December 2024

Ralf Blum/José F.A. Oliver: Meinbaco (Ein Stadtlesebuch unter Corona). Langenhagen: Edition Esefeld & Traub 2022. 284 S., zahlr. Fotografien
Obezitenin Tanımlanması
Authors: BAŞ Murat , GENÇALP Cansu
Published: December 2024

"Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation that poses a
health risk. Obesity is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases, especially
cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Since obesity management plays a
critical role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases, defining obesity as
a strategy to start treatment is of great importance. Since obesity is associated with
increased fat accumulation in the body, body composition must be determined when
defining obesity. In determining body composition, direct methods such as cadaver
analysis and densitometry, isotope dilution, total body potassium measurement,
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and indirect
methods such as anthropometric measurements are available. There is no single
universally recommended method for defining obesity. Each method has advantages
and disadvantages. The most commonly used methods in clinical practice are body
mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement. Due to
the various difficulties in body composition assessment for obesity, the combined use
of more than one assessment technique is recommended."
Obezite Nedenleri
Authors: ERSOY Reyhan
Published: December 2024

"Obesity is a health problem whose prevalence is increasing all over the world,
especially in developed countries. Although obesity develops simply as a result of
the excess of energy intake compared to the energy spent, it occurs as a result of the
complex interaction of genetic structure, metabolism and appetite, nutritional habits,
physical activity, mental state, cultural factors, additional diseases and medications
used. Obesity is a heterogeneous disease with multiple causes, multiple systems and
multiple mechanisms. The cause(s) of obesity are different for each patient. The main
aim of obesity-related research is to elucidate the pathways and mechanisms that
cause obesity. Understanding the etiopathogenesis well will increase the chance of
treatment. In this article, the causes and pathogenesis of obesity are reviewed in the
light of current information."
Obezitede İdeal Beslenme Modeli: Rehberler Ne Diyor?
Authors: PEKCAN Ayla Gülden
Published: December 2024

"Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase of body fat stores.
Obesity is a reason for ill health, and it has become one of the leading causes of noncommunicable
chronic diseases (NCD) with disability and death, affecting both
adults, children and adolescents worldwide. Appropriate goals of weight management
emphasize realistic weight loss to achieve a reduction in health risks and should include
promotion of weight loss, maintenance and prevention of weight regain, management of
co-morbidities and improving quality of life. A multidisciplinary obesity management
team can only accomplish a comprehensive obesity management. Treatment should be
based on good clinical care, and evidence-based interventions; should focus on realistic
goals and lifelong multidisciplinary management depending on evidence-based
guidelines. Medical nutrition therapy should be administered by trained dietitians, as
part of a multidisciplinary team, and should aim to achieve positive health outcomes,
not solely weight changes. Any nutrition intervention should be based on a detailed
nutritional assessment including an assessment of personal values, preferences, and
social determinants of eating habits. In the guidelines a diverse range of nutrition
interventions are shown to be effective in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities,
and dietitians should consider all options and deliver personalized interventions. The
Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
diet as sustainable plant-based healthy ideal diets, have all been associated with
improvement in metabolic health with or without changes in body weight."
Bor ve Obezite
Authors: KURU YAŞAR Rüya , ŞAHİN Fikrettin
Published: December 2024

"Obesity, which is a chronic and complex disease that is increasing in Turkiye and
around the world, poses a great burden on public health and the health system in terms
of cost due to its high morbidity, mortality, and various accompanying complications.
Many scientific studies have shown that boron, known as industrial salt and of which
approximately 73% of the world’s boron reserves are found in Turkiye, has positive
effects on human health. Due to their chemical properties, some boron compounds are
found in many human medicines and supplement products today. Boron is taken into
the body mainly through daily diet and drinking water, and boron is found in human
tissues and body fluids. In this review, in vivo, in vitro, and other studies examining
the effects of boron on body weight are summarized. In recent years, the number of
studies investigating the effects of natural and synthesized boron compounds in the
prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications and showing that boron
is promising in this field has been increasing. However, randomized, double-blind
clinical studies need to be conducted to determine “which” boron compound can be
used in humans, at what dosage, and for how long."
Obezitenin Medikal Tedavisi “Yeni Farmakolojik Ajanlar”
Authors: YETKİN İlhan
Published: December 2024

"Obesity is a heterogeneous disease. Obesity is a major health problem in Türkiye as
well as in the World. Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities and reduced
life expectancy. Purpose in obesity treatment is to reach and stay at a ideal weight,
in young, adult, and elderly people. As a result of the treatment of obesity and lowers
the risk of developing complications related to obesity. All anti-obesity treatments
including lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medications, devices and bariatric surgery.
Currently, there are 3 drugs approved for long-term management of obesity,
orlistat, phentermine/topiramate extended-release, and lorcaserin, and there are 2 on
the horizon, bupropion/naltrexone, and liraglutide. İnnovative therapeutic agents, the
use of molecular vaccines, targeting hormones such as somatostatin, GIP, GLP-1, and
combination drugs and ghrelin."
Obezitede Cerrahi Tedavi Hangi Tür Bariatrik Cerrahi?
Authors: AYGEN Erhan , EBİLOĞLU Mehmet Fatih , YILMAZ Serkan , ASLAN Ahmet
Published: December 2024

"This study presents one of the methods used in combating obesity, which is one
of the most important public health issues of our time due to industrialization and
sedentary lifestyle in developed countries, namely surgical treatment, and the types
of surgical procedures applied. Within the scope of this study, the categorization
of obesity severity in the surgical treatment of obesity, the criteria used in patient
selection, which treatments will be applied to which patients, and which type of
surgical procedure will be applied are specified. In this context, the valid surgical
procedures and surgical techniques applied in our country, which are also included
in the ‘Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Clinical Protocol’ prepared by the Ministry
of Health, General Directorate of Health Services, and have an important place in
the world literature, are summarized. Among the most commonly used surgical
techniques today are Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) (Tube Stomach), Mini Gastric Bypass
(MGB), Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), which are valid but less frequently applied
techniques include Adjustable Gastric Band and Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) /
Duodenal Switch (DS)."
Obezitede Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi
Authors: TÜRKÇAPAR M. Hakan , TABUR Selin Tutku
Published: December 2024

"Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO, 2024) as an excessive
accumulation of fat that can be dangerous for the health of the person’s body, puts
the person at risk of developing chronic diseases and leads to various psychological
problems and reduced quality of life. Although medical treatments, diet and exercise
or behavioral therapies are more commonly used to treat obesity, there is a high rate
of non-compliance with these methods, and their long-term effects are not as great as
those of surgical treatment. In light of these findings, studies on cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT), which provides increasingly effective and permanent results in the
treatment of obesity by adding cognitive interventions to enhance the effects of
behavioral treatments, are increasing in number each year. In this article, the CBT
approach to obesity is discussed."
Popüler Diyetler
Authors: AKYOL MUTLU Aslı
Published: December 2024

"Body weight regulation is a complex process that results from the interaction of
genetic, environmental and behavioural factors. The obesogenic environment that is
frequently exposed in daily life is considered as one of the most important difficulty
in ensuring body weight regulation. Positive energy balance that persists at chronic
level leads macronutrient metabolism to anabolic pathways. This situation results
in uncontrolled increase in body fat tissues. At this stage the fattening metabolism
initiates a different metabolic adaptation in comparison to the metabolism of
ideal body weight. The adapted metabolism does not return to the rate of the same
metabolism before the body weight gain even if the person experience body weight
loss through negative energy balance. This process, which often causes relapse
periods, manipulates individuals to turn to fad diets whose effect on health have not
yet been identified or are known to have some side effects in order to achieve rapid
body weight loss in a short time. In this context, it has been documented that dietary
approaches such as intermittent fasting, gluten-free diet or ketogenic diet are usually
practiced for body weight regulation. The principals of medical nutrition treatment of
obesity determined many years ago within the framework of evidence based medical
data are the most effective method known for both reaching the targeted body weight
and not causing any negative effects on health. Recent evidence has shown that fad
diets are not consistent with the principals of medical nutrition treatment of obesity
and exerts crucial side effects on health."
Sirkadiyen Ritim, Beslenme ve Obezite
Authors: BÜYÜKTUNCER DEMİREL Zehra
Published: December 2024

"Circadian rhythm is defined as the endogenous rhythm of all living organisms on Earth,
formed in harmony with the 24-hour movement of the Earth on its axis, consisting
of day and night. Recent studies on circadian rhythm have highlighted the role of
circadian rhythm disruption in the development of obesity, and therefore circadian
rhythm-based therapeutic approaches to the treatment of obesity have attracted
interest. Circadian rhythm influences the development and treatment of obesity
through three interrelated cycles: the light-dark cycle, the sleep-wake cycle, and the
feeding-fasting cycle. With regard to the light-dark cycle, the effects of the intensity,
duration and type of indoor and outdoor light exposure at night on the risk of obesity
are examined. In the sleep-wake cycle, the importance of meeting the minimum sleep
duration and quality requirements, defined for different age groups, is assessed in
relation to obesity risk. In the context of the feeding-fasting cycle, the compatibility
of factors such as the time, interval, frequency and the intra- and interday pattern of
eating, and the composition of the diet, which are important determinants of circadian
rhythms, with the circadian rhythm is addressed in the context of chrono-nutrition.
This chapter discusses the relationship between circadian rhythms, diet and obesity
in the context of these cycles."
Temperature-Dependent Magnetic And Structural Properties Of Mn3O4
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Chandrakar Kumudani , Chauhan Divya , Deep Anshu , Verma Aloke
Published: December 2024

Manganese oxide (Mn₃O₄) is a spinel-structured material renowned for its distinctive magnetic and structural characteristics. This research examines how these properties change with temperature, focusing on phase transitions, magnetic ordering, and structural stability. The study employs experimental approaches, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetometry, over a temperature range of 10–400 K. Key findings reveal a notable structural phase transition and significant magnetic changes, such as the shift from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic states. These insights provide a deeper understanding of Mn₃O₄'s potential in applications like magnetic storage, catalysis, and spintronic devices, paving the way for further investigations into temperature-sensitive materials.
La Reproducción y estructura poblacional de Perela (Paralabrax spp.) en el estuario exterior del Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Elías Esteban , Coello Dialhy
Published: December 2024

Se describen los principales parámetros biológicos y reproductivos de la Perela (Paralabrax spp.). Esta fue capturada con espinel de fondo por la flota artesanal del puerto de Anconcito, en la zona comprendida desde la Punta de la Península de Santa Elena hasta 3º00’S–81º00’W. Los resultados determinaron la talla mínima y máxima de la Perela en 16 y 72 cm de LT e incremento de tallas de julio a diciembre en ambos sexos. El análisis de longitud-peso de Paralabrax spp., determinó crecimiento alométrico, así como también se observó que la mayoría de los organismos estaban maduros (estadios II y IV) durante casi todo el periodo de estudio, con excepción de agosto, cuando se encontró que las gónadas estaban en recuperación (estadio V) en ambos sexos. No se encontró sincronismo entre hembras y machos en la determinación del índice gonadosomático, lo que podría ser resultado del ingreso de machos en estadio juvenil durante el mes de octubre. Según el método de máxima verosimilitud se determinó la talla media de madurez sexual (L 50%) para las hembras en 40,0 cm LT y en 42,2 cm LT para los machos. De los individuos capturados, se determinó que el 68.9 % de hembras y el 83.1% de machos están por encima de la talla media establecida (L 50%).
Relaciones morfométricas en machos de cangrejo azul (Cardisoma crassum) y su relación con la madurez sexual
Authors: Olivares Romero Santiago , Zambrano Rene
Published: December 2024

En la costa continental note de Ecuador se recolectaron 490 individuos machos de cangrejo azul (Cardisoma crassum), con el objetivo de establecer características morfométricas y su relación con la madurez sexual. Cada individuo fue medido considerando el ancho, largo y alto del cefalotórax, así como, de las quelas derechas e izquierda. Los rangos de tallas observados estuvieron entre 55.26 y 105.28 mm AnC, 38.79 y 77.90 mm LC, 48.46 y 24.74 mm AlC. La quela derecha tuvo mayor tamaño en el 52% de los individuos, la izquierda en el 42% mientras que, el 6% de los cangrejos fueron homoquelos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.01) entre las dimensiones morfométricas de la quela derecha e izquierda, así como, entre la quela mayor y menor. Mediante regresiones lineales se observó que, las relaciones entre las variables morfométricas tuvieron una tendencia lineal con un alto coeficiente de correlación (r ≥ 0.80). Los valores de las pendientes (b) mostraron un crecimiento alométrico negativo (b < 1) en la mayoría de las regresiones, excepto para AlQM vs AnC (b = 1.29) y AnQM vs LC (b = 1.62) que fueron positivas. Dos grupos de datos fueron identificados en las relaciones entre alto y largo de la quela vs el ancho y largo del cefalotórax, lo cual posiblemente se encuentra asociado con la presencia de individuos juveniles y adultos. El punto de separación entre fases de desarrollo ontogénico no pudo ser detectado por la ausencia de individuos de tallas pequeñas (< 55 mm AnC).
Quemaduras por radiación no ionizante (NIRB): Impactos y medidas de protección en el ambiente laboral
Authors: Alcocer C Dra. Priscilla , Huerta G Dr. Andrés , Alcocer C Ing. Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Este artículo científico se centra en la radiación no ionizante (NIR), una forma de radiación electromagnética que, aunque no tiene suficiente energía para ionizar átomos o moléculas, puede convertir su energía en calor y causar quemaduras. La exposición a niveles excesivos de NIR puede ser perjudicial, especialmente para aquellos que trabajan con dispositivos e instrumentos que generan grandes cantidades de NIR. Los ejemplos incluyen la radiación de radiofrecuencia utilizada en telecomunicaciones y las microondas utilizadas en la cocina del hogar. La exposición a la radiación ultravioleta (UV) puede ser beneficiosa en pequeñas dosis, pero la exposición excesiva puede provocar quemaduras en la piel y aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de piel. La exposición intensa a la radiofrecuencia (RF) o la radiación de microondas puede provocar daños en los tejidos debido al calor. El uso de equipo de protección personal, como ropa protectora, protección para los ojos y la cara con clasificación UV y guantes, puede ayudar a minimizar estos riesgos.