bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Study on Key Technologies of Virtual Interactive Surgical Simulation for 3D Reconstruction of Medical Images
Authors: Qiu Feng , Zhu Qingfu , Jing Ke , Duan Yufei
Published: August 2022

Medical computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging facility produce a large amount of medical image data which has great diagnosis value. Traditional three‐dimensional reconstruction of medical images has high requirements for graphics acceleration hardware and the processing speed. In this study, VxWorks embedded real‐time process feature is used for CT or MRI DICOM data to real restoration and establishment of virtual three‐dimensional model for realizing volume reconstruction, maximum density projection, multiplane reconstruction, dynamic interactive cutting of any surface, dynamic display of three‐dimensional model and two‐dimensional sectional image, surgical path planning and interactive surgical simulation, and determine the best surgical scheme. The practical application shows that the virtual simulation environment supports the seamless transplantation of code, function debugging, and interaction and solves the issue of high requirements for hardware. It can meet the needs of scientific research and teaching for clinicians and medical imaging workers and can be widely used in the training of virtual surgical anatomy for medical students.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Imaging Features in Breast Cancer Patients with Postoperative Recurrence Time
Authors: Wu Zhangqiang , Gao Shaoli , Yao Yefeng , Yi Li , Wang Jianjun , Liu Fei
Published: August 2022

Although the implementation of surgery has reduced the mortality of breast cancer, postoperative recurrence is still an important problem bothering patients. DCE-GMRI can not only clearly display the morphological characteristics of breast lesions but also dynamically observe the blood perfusion of the lesions. On account of this, we explored the predictive value of preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) imaging features in breast cancer patients on postoperative recurrence time of breast cancer. The results showed that DCE-MRI images can clearly show the hemodynamic characteristics and morphological characteristics of tumor lesions, and have important value in predicting the recurrence time of breast cancer after surgery. The prognosis of early recurrence of breast cancer is worse. DCE-MRI can predict the time of postoperative recurrence and provide important clinical references.
A Criminisi-DnCNN Model-Based Image Inpainting Method
Authors: Li Zun , Zhu Yuanpei , Wang Yuping
Published: August 2022

Existing image inpainting methods achieve unideal results in dealing with centralized inpainting areas. For this reason, in this study, a Criminisi-DnCNN model-based image inpainting method is proposed. Inspired by the manual inpainting technology, the pointwise mutual information (PMI) algorithm was adopted to obtain the marginal structural map of the images to be repaired. Then, the Criminisi algorithm was used to restore the marginal structure to obtain the complete marginal structure image guided by the superficial linear structure. Finally, the problem of texture inpainting was converted into the counterpart of image denoising through the separation of variables by using the denoising convolutional neural network image denoiser (DnCNN). Compared with the existing inpainting methods, this model has improved the clarity of the marginal structure and reduced the blurring of the area to be repaired.
Control of Diabetes Mellitus and Long-Term Prognosis in Stroke Patients: The Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry
Authors: Tram Huynh Thi Hong , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Takashima Naoyuki , Khan Kawser , Arima Hisatomi , Kadota Aya , Fujii Takako , Shitara Satoshi , Kitamura Akihiro , Miyamatsu Naomi , Kita Yoshikuni , Urushitani Makoto , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Miura Katsuyuki , Nozaki Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Background: The relationship between diabetes control status and long-term prognosis after stroke incidence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes status at admission on long-term survival in patients with first-ever stroke. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Shiga Stroke and Heart Attack Registry in Japan. Patients were classified according to their diabetes status and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value at hospital admission into the following: (1) free of diabetes (no history of diabetes and HbA1c <6.5%); (2) good control (history of diabetes and HbA1c <7%; free of history and 6.5% ≤HbA1c <7%); and (3) poor control (with or without a history of diabetes and HbA1c ≥7%). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between diabetes status and long-term survival from stroke onset. Additionally, we also evaluated the association between diabetes status and conditional survival, beginning 29 days after stroke onset. Results: A total of 6,331 first-ever stroke patients were eligible for this study. Among study patients, the mean (±SD) age was 72.85 ± 13.19 years, and the mean (±SD) follow-up year was 2.76 ± 1.66 years; additionally, 42.09% of patients were women. Among patients with all strokes, considering the free-of-diabetes group as the reference group, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for mortality was 1.26 (1.10, 1.44) in the good control group and 1.22 (1.05, 1.41) in the poor control group. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.24 (1.06, 1.46) in good control group and 1.27 (1.08, 1.50) in poor control group. After excluding patients who died within 28 days, the adjusted hazard ratio for conditional mortality in the poor control group was 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) among all stroke patients and 1.29 (1.08, 1.54) among ischemic stroke patients. No significant associations were observed between diabetic status and long-term mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Conclusions: The findings suggest that first-ever stroke patients with diabetes exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those without diabetes, particularly in the overall stroke and ischemic stroke populations. Additionally, in stroke populations after 28 days of onset, high risk of long-term mortality was stated in stroke patients with poor HbA1c control.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant in Patients with Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Ali Elrazi Awadelkarim Hamid , Khamees Ibrahim , Alshurafa Awni , Qasim Hanaa , Abu-Tineh Mohammad Abdullah , Ahmed Khaled , Saad Eltaib , Yassin Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the viral agent responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019. The disease is primarily a respiratory illness; however, multisystem involvement is not uncommon. The infection is reported to be more severe in patients with multiple comorbidities and immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematological malignancies are immunocompromised and prone to develop severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 had developed several mutations that resulted in different strains with different virulence and different degree of protection by vaccination or prior infection. The Omicron variant is reported to cause mild illness; however, the effect on patients with hematological malignancies like myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is not clear. We present patients with MPNs who had infection with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 and their outcomes. Methods: Retrospective data from the National Center for Cancer Care and Research records from December 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Participants were adults over the age of 18 years with Omicron infection who had been diagnosed with Philadelphia-negative MPNs, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis according to the 2008/2016 WHO classification for MPN. Results: Twenty-two patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN had Omicron infection. All patients had a mild disease according to the WHO classification of COVID-19 severity. Most of the patients had medical comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity. However, only one patient with PV required hospitalization. Discussion/Conclusions: In patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 usually results in mild infection.
Serum Uromodulin Levels Reflect Severity of Clinicopathological Findings in Early Stage IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Tachibana Shohei , Iyoda Masayuki , Suzuki Taihei , Kanazawa Nobuhiro , Honda Hirokazu
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Uromodulin (UMOD), also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, is a kidney-specific protein. Recently, low levels of urinary UMOD (uUMOD) have been reported as a risk factor for renal function decline in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, the clinical significance of serum UMOD (sUMOD) is not clear. In this study, we clarified the clinical significance of sUMOD in IgAN. Methods: One hundred eight biopsy-proven IgAN patients were included in this study. The relationships between sUMOD levels and various clinicopathological findings were evaluated. Results: sUMOD was positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001, r = 0.5) and negatively correlated with creatinine (Cr) (p < 0.0001, r = −0.51) and urinary protein (UP) (p = 0.005, r = −0.33). In the low sUMOD group (<145 ng/mL), Cr was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and histopathological changes were severe. The cumulative incidence of a 30% decline in eGFR was 25.6% overall, 0% in histological grade (H-G) I, 33.3% in H-G II, 59.6% in H-G III, and 66.7% in H-G IV. In univariate analyses, prognostic factors for a 30% decline in eGFR were male, high UP, low albumin, low eGFR, and low sUMOD. When comparing the severe histopathological classes (H-G II–IV) and H-G I, low sUMOD was a risk factor for severe histopathological changes. Furthermore, in patients with eGFR > 60 (n = 74), multivariate analyses revealed that low sUMOD independently predicted a 30% decline in eGFR and having severe histopathological changes. Conclusion: In IgAN, sUMOD levels were associated with renal function. Low sUMOD levels may be a risk factor for worsening renal function, especially in the early stage of IgAN.
Regulação do saneamento básico: do poder normativo à norma de referência
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Roberto de
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo aborda as particularidades do poder normativo concedido às agências reguladoras infranacionais de saneamento básico em seu papel institucional de regulamentação do setor. O cenário desenhado pela Lei de Diretrizes Nacionais para o Saneamento Básico (Lei 11.445/2007) nesse tema recebe significativas alterações propostas pela Lei 14.026/2020, notadamente diante da edição de normas de referência para a regulação do saneamento. Pretende-se, diante dessa perspectiva legal, apresentar as características do poder normativo e seu alcance, conjuntamente com a demonstração dos efeitos práticos da prerrogativa de uniformização regulatória concedida à Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico.
Shigeru Akita and the Study of British Imperial History in Japan
Authors: Kibata Yoichi
Published: August 2022

Shigeru Akita’s research into global history is solidly based on his study of British imperial history. Starting his career as an imperial historian by probing the role of the Indian army in Britain’s empire, he incorporated such concepts as gentlemanly capitalism, intra-Asian trade, and structural power into his historical analysis of British rule in Asia, an analysis that provided the framework for his picture of global history. Recently he has been studying the process of industrialization in Asian countries within the historical context of the Cold War and decolonization, focusing on the role of development aid. His organizational talent has been amply displayed by his presidency of the Asian Association of World Historians, by his instrumental role in organizing the early activities of the Study Group of British Imperial and Commonwealth History, and by his successful efforts to make Osaka University a leading research center of global history.
Situating the Komagata Maru Incident in a Global Context: A Collaborative Work with Professor Shigeru Akita
Authors: Hosokawa Michihisa
Published: August 2022

The Komagata Maru incident of 1914 occurred at a time when intra-Asian trade was flourishing, but it coincided with a period of great migration. Many Indians (South Asians), and also Chinese and Japanese, moved around the Indo-Pacific, a migration that stirred anti-Asian feeling among white peoples. It also occurred in a transitional period for the British Empire. But Britain still held a dominant position in the Indo-Pacific, not only because it benefited from intra-Asian trade, but also because it could make use of Indians as a military force and rely on a measure of assistance from Japan, its ally. Taking the above facts as background, this article examines the incident by approaching a wide range of topics, including political, legal, and immigration histories, and by incorporating local, national, and regional histories into a globally connected history, to demonstrate the incident’s use as a showcase that illuminates multilateral and multitiered linkages in the Indo-Pacific, the British Empire, and beyond.
Rethinking the “Yellow Peril”: Charles Pearson’s Views and Related Debates
Authors: Lee Young-Suk
Published: August 2022

At the end of the nineteenth century, texts and discourses around the world abounded with fear and contempt for Chinese immigrants, specifically contract workers. This outpouring is remembered as talk of a “Yellow Peril.” Charles Pearson introduced the theme (though not its best-known phrase) to the English-speaking world in 1893, with the publication of a bleak manifesto he’d written about the West’s future as he saw it. The present article examines Pearson’s views and the intellectual debates regarding them. A century ago, the international supply of Chinese workers contributed little to China’s prosperity. Today, as a center of consumer goods supply, China contributes to the prosperity of the Western capitalist world while continuing its own rapid economic growth. For this reason, today’s apprehension about China is based on the fear of the emergence of a communist regime as a superpower. In this respect, the current fear of China differs from the “Yellow Peril” discourse of the past. Nevertheless, the discourse may have influenced today’s concerns and apprehensions about China.
The United States after 1783: An American or a British Empire?
Authors: Hopkins A. G.
Published: August 2022

This contribution outlines a case for reconsidering US history in the nineteenth century. The standard approach tells the “story of the nation” after 1783 from an internal standpoint that minimizes external connections. Historians of empire, however, distinguish between formal and effective independence and trace the lines of continuity that lead from one to the other. If applied to the newly decolonized United States, this perspective reveals that important ties of commerce, finance, politics, and culture with the former colonial power remained both vibrant and persistent. Some contemporaries formulated alternatives that would reduce Britain’s informal influence; others cooperated with what would later be called neocolonialism. The ensuing debate set out arguments and policies that were to be carried forward into the twentieth century. Effective independence, defined as the recovery of key aspects of sovereignty, was not achieved until the late nineteenth century, after the Civil War, and when industrialization increased the power and confidence of the newly united nation. This argument suggests that existing studies need revising to recognize that the United States was the first important decolonized state in what was becoming the modern world; as such, it was the precursor of states in other parts of the world that were to follow its lead.
The Interactive Emergence of Capitalist Trade-Cycle Dynamics in Maritime Asia, 1640s–1760s: Overview and Prospectus
Authors: Metzler Mark
Published: August 2022

The analysis of cyclic movements in overseas trade provides a tool for exploring the emergence of capitalistic dynamics. Regularly recurring cycles of prosperity and recession have been considered a characteristic and novel feature of the modern type of capitalist economy that emerged in the early nineteenth century. In a strong form of this idea, credit-funded cycles of expansion and retrenchment are the basic process through which capitalist development happens. What then should we make of data that suggest the presence of regular cycles, similar in duration to classic industrial-era cycles, in East Asian maritime trade in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries? These preliminary results warrant deeper investigation and provide new support for the idea that capitalist-type developmental dynamics did not simply arrive in eastern Asia from Europe but rather emerged interactively on the spot.
Cannons for the Coast: Reading Seventeenth-Century Southeast Bengal from the Maldives Islands
Authors: Mukherjee Rila
Published: August 2022

Professor Shigeru Akita’s important publications focus on British imperial history and global history, and highlight his use of the copious colonial archives. While not denying the importance of colonial archives for scholars, this essay explores the role of precolonial archives in understanding the history of a person, place, or region, underlining the archives’ importance but also pointing to some of the difficulties associated with their use when southeast Bengal of the early seventeenth-century is the topic. Moving away from the dispatches, letters, and consultations that constitute the “reality” of colonial South Asia, and using early modern travel narratives and maps instead, it shows a different spatial othering that arises through a faulty understanding of the pulling forces of shared connections. Events demonstrate the influence of factors other than geographic proximity, and instead of emphasizing sovereign states, as does cartography, they reveal mnemonic commercial and cultural itineraries linking distant places such as the southeast Bengal-Arakan (Bangladesh-Myanmar) coast and the Maldives Islands.
The Crisis of History Education in Contemporary Japan: A Systematic Reform by Osaka-Based Historians
Authors: Momoki Shiro
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to introduce the recent reform in history education across high schools and universities in Japan. Japanese education, including university history majors and teacher credential programs, has for long focused on in-depth training in narrow empirical studies, while basic theories and concepts, ones positioned across the entire spectrum of academic knowledge of history and historical research, are seldom taught systematically. This tendency, combined with other social and economic conditions and cultural values, has resulted in a secondary education history syllabus that emphasizes memorizing factual knowledge without necessary reflection on what historians articulate and deliberate over. To help researchers and teachers in history replace such a conformist form of education with competence-oriented active learning of history as a subject, Osaka-based historians, collaborating nationwide with researchers and teachers, have proposed several glossaries, commentaries, and novel exercises for understanding history and historical research and conceptualizing factual knowledge so as to provide necessary clarifications, discussions, and judgments. Thus, new textbooks written from the perspective of global history are expected to be well understood and taught in classrooms.
Passive Acoustic Determination of Spectral Wave Breaking Dissipation
Authors: Zou Xiaochen , Babanin Alexander V. , Schulz Eric Werner , Manasseh Richard , Guan Changlong
Published: August 2022

When a wave breaks, it produces bubbles whose sizes depend on the breaking severity. This paper attempts to estimate wave breaking dissipation through a passive acoustic method. Initially, regular waves were forced to break in a flume. The breaking energy loss (severity) and the underwater acoustic noise were recorded. Two kinds of thresholds, in terms of sound wave amplitude and the ratio of sound wave height to period, respectively, were used together to identify the sound waves generated by newly formed bubbles. The frequencies of these sound waves are connected with the bubble sizes. Thus, a relationship between the mean bubble radius and the breaking severity was established and found to be linear. This laboratory relationship was then applied to Lake George data to study the breaking dissipation rate across the spectrum. An average acoustic spectral density threshold was proposed to identify breaking events from acoustic records in the field. The sound waves associated with bubble formation were selected by means of the same two kinds of threshold as used in the laboratory. Thus, the mean bubble radius of each breaking event was obtained and translated into the breaking severity. The values of experimental dissipation were compared with previous relevant results obtained through different methods as well as the wave breaking dissipation source terms ST6 (WAVEWATCH-III model) and are in good agreement with both of them.
Impacts of Cumulus Convection and Turbulence Parameterizations on the Convection-Permitting Simulation of Typhoon Precipitation
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Wang Yueya
Published: August 2022

Convection-permitting resolutions, which refer to kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacings, have become increasingly popular in regional numerical weather prediction and climate studies. However, this resolution range is in the gray zone for the simulation of convection, where conventional cumulus convection and subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence parameterizations are inadequate for such grid spacings due to invalid assumptions and simplifications. Recent studies demonstrated that the magnitudes of SGS fluxes of momentum and scalars are comparable to those of resolved fluxes at convection-permitting resolutions and that horizontal SGS components are as important as the vertical SGS component. Thus, it appears necessary to adapt available schemes to model the SGS effects of convective motions for the gray zone. Here, we investigated the efficacy of separately parameterizing the vertical and horizontal SGS effects in improving the convection-permitting simulation of Typhoon Vicente (2012). To represent the vertical SGS turbulence effect, we evaluated the Grell-3, Tiedtke, and multiscale Kain–Fritsch (MSKF) schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model; the MSKF scheme is scale adaptive, whereas the other two are conventional cumulus schemes. For horizontal SGS turbulence, we evaluated the effects of the traditional Smagorinsky scheme and our newly developed reconstruction and nonlinear anisotropy (RNA) model, which models not only downgradient diffusion but also backscatter. We found that the simulation combining the MSKF and RNA schemes exhibits the best skill in predicting precipitation, especially rainfall extremes. The advantages are rooted in the MSKF scheme’s scale-awareness and parameterized cloud–radiation feedback and in the backscatter-enabling capability of the RNA model.

Significance Statement

Operational numerical weather prediction and some climate simulations have approached kilometer-scale horizontal resolutions, called convection-permitting resolutions. However, details of convective storms are not well represented at these resolutions, and small-scale fluid motions can potentially impact the overall simulation performance. In practice, the effects of such unresolved turbulent eddies were once neglected. We suggest representing these effects in the vertical and horizontal directions with an adaptive cumulus convection parameterization and an advanced turbulence model, respectively, which significantly improve the simulation of tropical cyclones. This framework allows us to adapt convection schemes developed by the mesoscale modeling community and turbulence schemes studied by large-eddy simulation groups for representing three-dimensional turbulence in the convection-permitting regime.
Mesenteric Artery Dissection and Wall-Thickening, Case Study and General Review
Authors: Skeik Nedaa , Smith Jenna , Olson Sydney L , Lohese Opema L , Mirza Aleem , Manunga Jesse
Published: August 2022

Mesenteric artery dissection (D) and wall-thickening (WT) are rare vasculopathies that can lead to serious complications. This is a single center analysis of all patients evaluated for mesenteric arterial (celiac, superior (SMA) and/or inferior mesenteric (IMA)) D and/or WT from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2020 at our hospital. Among the 101 included patients, the average age was 55.6 ± 13.6 years, mostly affecting men (62%). There were 20 celiac artery D, 8 WT, 15 D with WT, 15 SMA D, 7 WT, 8 D with WT, one IMA D, two WT, and 25 with multiple arterial involvement. Primary etiologies included segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) (n = 17), isolated D (n = 17), localized vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract (LVGT) (n = 16), fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) (n = 13), extension of thoracoabdominal aortic D (n = 12), and trauma (n = 12). Most (71%) patients presented with abdominal pain. Hypertension (55%), hyperlipidemia (33%) and tobacco use (31%) were prevalent. Management included conservative (22%), medical (47%), endovascular (19%), and/or open repair (12%) with high in-hospital survival (98%) and symptom relief (73%). Our paper complements the scarce literature addressing the diagnosis and management of rare mesenteric vasculopathies. Most patients improved with conservative management, reserving endovascular or surgical interventions for symptomatic patients with more complicated presentations.
From the Substantive to the Ceremonial: Exploring Interrelations Between Recognition and Aspirational CSR Talk
Authors: Trittin-Ulbrich Hannah
Published: August 2022

Stakeholder recognition constitutes a firm’s experience of affirmation and acknowledgment from stakeholders and is deemed essential for organizations to develop positive self-relations and a sense of themselves as morally responsible social actors. Through an in-depth case study, I show how a firm’s varied experiences of stakeholder recognition for its corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts alternately facilitated and hindered the performativity of its aspirational CSR talk through two key processes: (a) a recognition-attainment process whereby the experience of stakeholder recognition helped turn aspirational CSR talk into “substantive” talk with the performative potential to catalyze other CSR practices; and (b) a subsequent recognition-commodification process induced by a perceived misrecognition that ultimately rendered such talk “ceremonial.” Elucidating stakeholder recognition as an undertheorized boundary condition of aspirational CSR talk, this study adds to performative approaches to CSR communication. It further contributes to research on recognition by demonstrating the explanatory potential of Axel Honneth’s notion of recognition in researching business and society interactions.
Theoretical Explanations of the Development of Youth Hacking
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Leban Lindsay , Lee Yeungjeom
Published: August 2022

Hacking, particularly among youth, is a relatively new form of deviance and its etiology is not well understood. Moreover, there is a lack of developmental approaches to understanding youth hacking, and the majority of studies on predictors of hacking have been cross-sectional. In light of this, we draw on prospective longitudinal data on a sample of Korean youth to explore theoretical predictors of youth hacking through a developmental lens. Cross-lagged dynamic panel models are employed to examine time-variant and time-invariant theoretical predictors of hacking. Results show that well-known criminological predictors are significantly associated with youth hacking, which implies the applicability of traditional criminological theories in online deviance. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.
Professional responsibility in the borderlands: Facing irreconcilable accountability regimes in veterinary work
Authors: Pas Berber R , Introna Lucas D , Wolters Rinske , Vosselman Ed
Published: August 2022

(Dutch) veterinarians have increasingly been confronted with conflicting accountability regimes, related to data-driven, networked accountability systems, to decrease the use of antibiotics in veterinary practices. Based on our longitudinal ethnography (2012–2020), we propose a conceptual model that illustrates how professionals intra-actively become positioned in different accountability regimes, yet which is continually diffracted by the recalling of their responsibilities to proximal and distant others. By taking an agential realist approach, we contribute to recent critical perspectives on accountability by showing how veterinary professionals become positioned as specific accountable subjects and yet how such positioning simultaneously produces the ‘borderlands’ – a space of indeterminacy in which the accounting practices of the professional are continuously weighed in light of incommensurable responsibilities. Based on our results, we show how conflicting accountability regimes are—as often argued—not to be ‘fixed’ through commensuration, nor are they dysfunctional. Rather, they create the very condition of indeterminacy, opening up the possibility for professional responsibility. We offer suggestions for how to further investigate this appreciation of the borderlands, for example, by focusing on how the account holder can draw from other responsibilities to counter a dominant accountability regime, and how governing authorities can become positioned as responsible for keeping professionals in the borderlands.
Adaptive fuzzy finite-time control with prescribed performance for waverider vehicles
Authors: Jiang Baoxu , Bu Xiangwei
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy control method with prescribed performance for Waverider Vehicles (WVs), being able to guarantee finite-time convergence and small overshoot for tracking errors. Firstly, we design a new type of performance function that is independent of the initial error, and possess finite-time convergence and small overshoot. Then, we transform the inequality constraints on tracking errors into an unconstrained equation by introducing a transformed error. On this basis, we design a prescribed performance control (PPC) approach to limit the tracking errors within prescribed funnels utilizing the transformed error and fuzzy approximation, which ensures that satisfactory transient performance and steady-state accuracy can be guaranteed for tracking errors. Compared with the existing PPC, the improvement is to assure finite-time convergence of tracking errors with almost zero overshoot. Finally, compared simulations are given to verify the advantage.
Negotiating African American Language, Identity, and Culture in the Urban Classroom
Authors: Lyn Karl O.
Published: August 2022

The dominant privilege that is ascribed to Standard American English within American classrooms presents socio-cultural challenges for many Black students who speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE). This study will examine the ways in which race, language, and power intersect in the classroom to shape Black students’ academic performance and self-concept. Grounded in critical race theory, this study includes qualitative interviews with Black students at two urban high schools in south Los Angeles. A thematic analysis of these interviews will reveal how the stigmatization of AAVE in urban schools compels Black students to adopt dominant ideologies and practices that isolate them from their cultural subjectivities. Findings from this study call educators to develop a culturally relevant pedagogy that empowers Black students to utilize and access their socio-cultural capital in and out of the classroom.
TLR9 Mediates Periodontal Aging by Fostering Senescence and Inflammaging
Authors: Albuquerque-Souza E. , Crump K.E. , Rattanaprukskul K. , Li Y. , Shelling B. , Xia-Juan X. , Jiang M. , Sahingur S.E.
Published: August 2022

TLR9 is a critical nucleic acid sensing receptor in mediating periodontitis and periodontitis-associated comorbidities. Emerging evidence implicates TLR9 as a key sensor during aging, although its participation in periodontal aging is unexplored. Here, we investigated whether TLR9-mediated host responses can promote key hallmarks of aging, inflammaging, and senescence, in the course of periodontitis using a multipronged approach comprising clinical and preclinical studies. In a case-control model, we found increased TLR9 gene expression in gingival tissues of older (≥55 y) subjects with periodontitis compared to older healthy subjects as well as those who are younger (<55 y old) with and without the disease. Mechanistically, this finding was supported by an in vivo model in which wild-type (WT) and TLR9–/– mice were followed for 8 to 10 wk (young) and 18 to 22 mo (aged). In this longitudinal model, aged WT mice developed severe alveolar bone resorption when compared to their younger counterpart, whereas aged TLR9–/– animals presented insignificant bone loss when compared to the younger groups. In parallel, a boosted inflammaging milieu exhibiting higher expression of inflammatory/osteoclast mediators ( Il-6, Rankl, Cxcl8) and danger signals ( S100A8, S100A9) was noted in gingival tissues of aged WT mice compared to the those of aged TLR9–/– mice. Consistently, WT aged mice displayed an increase in prosenescence balance as measured by p16 INK4a/p19 ARF ratio compared to the younger groups and aged TLR9–/– animals. Ex vivo experiments with bone marrow–derived macrophages primed by TLR9 ligand (ODN 1668) further corroborated in vivo and clinical data and showed enhanced inflammatory-senescence circuit followed by increased osteoclast differentiation. Together, these findings reveal first systematic evidence implicating TLR9 as one of the drivers of periodontitis during aging and functioning by boosting a deleterious inflammaging/senescence environment. This finding calls for further investigations to determine whether targeting TLR9 will improve periodontal health in an aging population.
Bus bunching simulation based on the lattice Boltzmann model of traffic flow
Authors: Wang Xiaoshi , Liu Tao , Xu Meng
Published: August 2022

Bus bunching is a typical phenomenon observed in daily public transit operations and that significantly reduces the reliability and attractiveness of transit service. Although various control strategies, such as vehicle holding, speed guidance, and signal priority, have been proposed to eliminate or alleviate bus bunching, the impact of road traffic flow on bus bunching has not been well studied. To bridge this gap, this work proposes a new mesoscopic simulation model by incorporating the lattice Boltzmann model to simulate bus bunching considering the impacts of road traffic flow. Simulation results show that by utilizing the new simulation model, different phase diagrams can be observed. Under different conditions of traffic flow-density evolution, i.e., no oscillation, single oscillation, global oscillation, and irregular oscillation, the resulting bus trajectories are significantly different. In addition, an investigation of a real-world bus line in Beijing with global positioning system (GPS)-based vehicle location data shows that some results of the model are qualitatively consistent with the actual characteristics of the bus route. It shows that the proposed new simulation model has great potential for enhancing our understanding of the impacts of road traffic flow on bus bunching.
Pandemic modelling and model citizens: Governing COVID-19 through predictive models, sovereignty and discipline
Authors: Sandset Tony , Villadsen Kaspar
Published: August 2022

Pandemic modelling functions as a means of producing evidence of potential events and as an instrument of intervention that Tim Rhodes and colleagues describe as entangling science into social practices, calculations into materializations, abstracts into effects and models into society. This article seeks to show how a model society evinced through mathematical models produces a model not only for society but also for citizens, showing them how to act in a certain model manner that prevents an anticipated pandemic future. To this end, we analyse political speeches by various Norwegian ministers to elucidate how various model-based COVID-19 responses enact a ‘model citizen’. Theoretically, we combine Rhodes et al.’s arguments with Foucault’s concepts of law, discipline and security, thus showing what a model society might imply for the model citizen. Finally, we conclude that although the model society is largely informed by epidemiological models and liberal biopolitics that typically place responsibility on individual subjects, sovereign state power remains manifestly present in the speeches’ rhetoric.
Democracy, community and the supplemental plus un: Derrida’s reading of Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community
Authors: Ó Fathaigh Cillian
Published: August 2022

This article argues that Jacques Derrida’s Politics of Friendship presents an implicit but significant critique of Maurice Blanchot’s The Unavowable Community. In Blanchot’s text, the Other disrupts any sense of fusional or essentialist community. But Derrida criticises Blanchot for neglecting the need to negotiate my responsibility to infinite others. Derrida proposes a logic of the plus un, playing on this double meaning in French, where a need to count singularities (‘plus one’) disrupts the unity of community (‘no longer one’). For Derrida, this offers a greater emphasis on those outside the boundaries of constituted communities, something he finds lacking in Blanchot. I demonstrate that Derrida’s position is a challenge to an emerging xenophobic discourse in 1980s French politics. I propose, therefore, that Derrida’s difference with Blanchot is motivated as much by a political difference as a philosophical one, with Derrida judging Blanchot’s account inadequate for contemporary political concerns.
After entry: Humanitarian exploitation and migrant labour in the fields of southern Italy
Authors: Dines Nick
Published: August 2022

Since the so-called ‘refugee crisis’, research on migration in the Euro-Mediterranean region has highlighted the entanglement of humanitarian and securitarian logics in the transformation of the EU border regime, with most attention focused on rescue and push-back operations at sea and systems of detention, selection and reception on land. This article moves beyond the point of arrival to examine how humanitarianism has also been implicated in the management of migrant labour in agriculture. Focusing on the tomato districts of southern Italy, the article interrogates the recent legislative and emergency measures devised to tackle labour violations and to facilitate the reproduction of the workforce. Measures have included the establishment of impromptu worker shelters run by humanitarian organizations and the recourse to criminal law to combat gangmasters and to assuage public opinion. By developing the conceptual framework of humanitarian exploitation, the article illustrates how humanitarian government is functional both to the regulation of the migrant workforce and to the maintenance of the industrial agri-food system.
Pedestrian Crossing Decisions During Pedestrian Transition Signals at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Chen Qun , Ye Shi , Chen Lu
Published: August 2022

In China, pedestrian transition signals that are set to green flashing or countdown signals are activated between red and green signals. They are used to remind pedestrians that the subsequent vehicle phase is ready to start and that pedestrians cannot start to cross; otherwise, pedestrian–vehicle conflicts may occur. However, during this phase, pedestrian crossing decisions are complex and are affected by many factors, such as distractions and companions. This paper aims to predict pedestrian crossing decisions by extracting these factors under various conditions. Four types of intersections in Changsha, China, including different transition signals (flashing green/countdown) and different crossing facilities (with a refuge island/with a median strip/without crossing facilities), were selected. A total of 1021 samples were collected. The assessment of crossing risks revealed that although crossing facilities can reduce risks, crossing pedestrians are still at a high risk. The results of logistic regression models indicate that the factors affecting crossing decisions vary at different intersections, and no single factor exerts the same impact.
Survivors of veno-arterial membrane oxygenation have good long-term quality of life
Authors: North Monique , Samara Michael , Eckman Peter M , Bennett Mosi , Schmidt Christian , Garberich Ross , Hryniewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is used for the management of acute cardiogenic shock with improving short term survival. However, the long-term quality of life (QOL) of this patient population is not well characterized. We prospectively evaluated the QOL of adult patients who survived VA ECMO support for cardiogenic shock at our institution between October 2011 and January 2018 with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). We surveyed survivors at 3, 6, and 9 months after discharge, and annually for up to 5 years thereafter. A total of 64 patients were evaluated: mean age 54 ± 13 years, 73% male. There were 178 total surveys completed. MLWHFQ total scores significantly improved over time and this pattern was sustained (51.7 ± 25.3 at 3 months, vs 37.7 ± 23.6 at 6 months, vs 25.4 ± 21.3 at ⩾9 months ( p < 0.01, p-trend < 0.01)). Most patients supported with VA ECMO for cardiogenic shock who survive to discharge demonstrate excellent quality of life, 6 months since index hospitalization, which is maintained over subsequent years.
(E)-1,2-Difluoroethylene (HFO-1132E)
Authors:   Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) Committee,   Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS),   Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA)
Published: August 2022

(E)-1,2-Difluoroethylene (HFO-1132E) is a colorless gas used as a refrigerant. HFO-1132E has low acute toxicity following inhalation exposure in rats and dogs. HFO-1132E caused neither cardiac sensitization in dogs nor reproductive or developmental toxicity in rats following repeated inhalation exposure. Repeated inhalation exposure for up to 13 weeks in rats resulted in degeneration of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) at all exposure levels. However, the VNO is poorly developed or absent in humans. HFO-1132E was not genotoxic in either an in vitro chromosome aberration study or in vivo (rat) or in vitro micronucleus assays although the substance was mutagenic in 4 of 5 Salmonella and E. coli strains with and without S9. In an in vivo comet assay in rats, statistically significant increases in DNA strand breaks were observed in the kidney at concentrations ≥60,000 ppm and in the liver, bladder, and lung at 120,000 ppm. An increase in hedgehog cells was also noted at these concentrations that confounded the comet response. The point of departure for the WEEL was 15,000 ppm from the 13-week inhalation study. After application of appropriate adjustment factors, an 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) WEEL value of 350 ppm was derived. This exposure limit is expected to provide a significant margin of safety against any potential adverse health effects in workers. A short-term exposure level (STEL) or skin notation is not applicable for this WEEL.
Targeted Whole Exome Sequencing in Children With Early-Onset Epilepsy: Parent Experiences
Authors: Alam Armaghan , Parfyonov Maksim , Huang Camille Y. , Gill Inderpal , Connolly Mary B. , Illes Judy
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the experiences of 25 caregivers of children with early-onset, treatment-resistant epilepsy who pursued whole exome sequencing to determine the impact of the test results on their child’s treatment. Caregivers who consented to be recontacted were recruited from a previous study investigating the diagnostic yield of whole exome sequencing. A semistructured interview addressed questions based on one of 2 study phases. The first phase discussed the decision-making process for genetic testing (15 interviews), which revealed 4 major themes: (1) prognosis, (2) engagement, (3) concerns, and (4) autonomy. The second phase discussed the impact of genetic testing on treatment (10 interviews), which revealed 3 major themes: (1) testing features, (2) emotional impact, and (3) treatment outcomes. Overall, parents pursued genetic testing to obtain a clear prognosis, inform treatment decisions, engage with other families, and exercise autonomy. Caregivers felt that early testing is warranted to inform their child’s diagnostic odyssey.
The influence of composite bone plates in Vancouver femur B1 fracture fixation after post-operative, and healed bone stages: A finite element study
Authors: Dhason Raja , Roy Sandipan , Datta Shubhabrata
Published: August 2022

Conventional stainless steel or titanium plates are used for bone fracture fixation to provide support at fracture location. Plates with high elastic modulus reduce the transfer of compressive load at the fracture location (due to stress shielding), causing failure. The objective of the study is to find for composite bone plates with different types of fibers and varied fiber orientations for post-operative (PO) and healed bone (HB) conditions which can reduce the stress shielding. Femur fracture fixation was constructed with 12 holes narrow type with metal and composite bone plates. The fracture gap was constructed with soft bone region for post-operative (PO) condition and harder bone for healed bone (HB). Composite bone plates with different configurations (fiber directions) and types (thickness and width) were analyzed to study the stress distribution and movement in the fracture location. The models were analyzed and the stresses in plate and callus, movement and strain in axial and shear direction in both metal and composite bone plates were studied. The metal and composite plates (carbon fiber/epoxy, fiberglass/epoxy, and flax/epoxy) used for most common Vancouver type B1 fracture to observe the biomechanical behavior of different models in PO and HB condition. The FE simulation on different configurations and types of composite plates provide in-depth idea about choosing the suitable composite bone plate. There are variations in behavior for varying types and configurations, but the performance of most of the plates are either better or similar to that of metal plate, except the plates with higher width.