bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fourth priority of care: addressing the needs of a patient's loved ones
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: May 2015

The Liverpool Care Pathway has been recently phased out in favour of new priorities of care. In her regular column, Aysha Mendes delves into the rapidly evolving world of end-of-life care and explores what it all means for renal nurses who are caring for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Getting the most from meetings: time efficiency is key
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: May 2015

Meetings are a regular occurrence for many health professionals. It is therefore increasingly important to make the right preparations and carefully consider the content of a meeting. Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott make a number of suggestions for how staff might get the best outcome from their time spent away from their main role.
Achieving tough but aspirational targets
Authors: Martin Anna
Published: May 2015

Charged with transforming her school's English GCSE outcomes, Anna Martin was given a range of tough but aspirational targets. She explains some of the wider strategies and specific interventions they used
The Challenges of Data Quality Evaluation in a Joint Data Warehouse
Authors: Bae Charles J. , Griffith Sandra , Fan Youran , Dunphy Cheryl , Thompson Nicolas , Urchek John , Parchman Alandra , Katzan Irene L.
Published: May 2015

Introduction: The use of clinically derived data from electronic health records
(EHRs) and other electronic clinical systems can greatly facilitate clinical research as
well as operational and quality initiatives. One approach for making these data
available is to incorporate data from different sources into a joint data warehouse.
When using such a data warehouse, it is important to understand the quality of the data.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the completeness and concordance of
common types of clinical data available in the Knowledge Program (KP) joint data
warehouse, which contains feeds from several electronic systems including the
EHR.Methods: A manual review was performed of specific data elements for 250 patients
from an EHR, and these were compared with corresponding elements in the KP data
warehouse. Completeness and concordance were calculated for five categories of data
including demographics, vital signs, laboratory results, diagnoses, and
medications.Results: In general, data elements for demographics, vital signs, diagnoses,
and laboratory results were present in more cases in the source EHR compared to the KP.
When data elements were available in both sources, there was a high concordance. In
contrast, the KP data warehouse documented a higher prevalence of deaths and medications
compared to the EHR.Discussion: Several factors contributed to the discrepancies between
data in the KP and the EHR—including the start date and frequency of data feeds updates
into the KP, inability to transfer data located in nonstructured formats (e.g., free
text or scanned documents), as well as incomplete and missing data variables in the
source EHR.Conclusion: When evaluating the quality of a data warehouse with multiple
data sources, assessing completeness and concordance between data set and source data
may be better than designating one to be a gold standard. This will allow the user to
optimize the method and timing of data transfer in order to capture data with better
accuracy.
Accommodations Use Patterns in High School and Postsecondary Settings for Students Who Are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Cawthon Stephanie W. , Leppo Rachel , Ge Jin Jin , Bond Mark
Published: May 2015

U sing data from the second National Longitudinal Transition Study (Newman et al., 2011), the authors investigated longitudinal patterns of educational accommodations use in secondary and, later, postsecondary settings by students who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (SDHH). The study focused on language and communication (LC) accommodations used primarily by SDHH, plus non-LC accommodations typically used by a broad range of students. Both LC accommodations for standardized testing and instruction showed decreased use in postsecondary settings compared with high school. After student demographic characteristics were controlled for, no relationships were found between types of accommodations students used in high school and those they later used in postsecondary settings. Student accommodations use in postsecondary settings was not significantly predictive of retention or degree completion. However, several student- and parent-level demographic characteristics were predictive of accommodations use in postsecondary settings. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
American Sign Language and Deaf Culture Competency of Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Lapinski Jessica , Colonna Caitlin , Sexton Patricia , Richard Mariah
Published: May 2015

T he study examined the effectiveness of a workshop on Deaf culture and basic medical American Sign Language for increasing osteopathic student physicians’ confidence and knowledge when interacting with ASL-using patients. Students completed a pretest in which they provided basic demographic information, rated their confidence levels, took a video quiz on basic medical signs, and experienced a practical standardized encounter with a Deaf patient. They then attended a 4-hour workshop and, 2 weeks later, completed a posttest. Thirty-three students completed the pretest; 29 attended the workshop; 26 completed the posttest. Video quiz scores increased significantly from pretest to posttest, as did scores for the standardized patient encounter after completion of the workshop. Students also reported increased levels of confidence in interactions with the Deaf community. The results suggest that a single workshop was effective in increasing both confidence and short-term knowledge in interactions with Deaf patients.
Plant Publics: Multispecies Relating in Spanish Botanical Gardens
Authors: Hartigan John
Published: May 2015

This article examines the place of botanical gardens in the public sphere, historically and currently, analyzing the variety of cultural dynamics shaping these locales. Botanical gardens are complex cultural sites where multispecies relations are cultivated and managed. These sites typically combine scientific inquiry with conservation efforts and public attractions. Botanical gardens in Spain offer a distinctive perspective on these locations because of their regional orientations, histories of empire, and distinctive research programs. Located in Spain’s three largest cities—Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia—these gardens provide an opportunity to think about multispecies relations that unfold in institutional settings located in dense urban zones. This article theorizes multispecies publics as distinctive cultural assemblages that distinctly align humans and nonhumans in relations of care. These publics combine deep historical roots with considerable current transformative potential for reimagining urban space and the nation.
“If You Do Not Visit, We Will Take It Away”: An Analysis of a Communication Campaign for Italian Cultural Heritage
Authors: Gürsu Işılay
Published: May 2015

In January 2010, Italy’s famous ancient objects and sites, namely Leonardo da Vinci’s “Last Supper,” the “Colosseum,” and Michelangelo’s “David,” appeared as protagonists in a communication campaign by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (MiBAC). Gigantic panels with images of these “superstars” being removed from their original locations were displayed in the main squares of Milan and Rome. This entire virtual symphony—accompanied by the threatening slogan “If you do not visit, we will take it away”—emerged since, according to MiBAC, Italians do not visit national cultural sites as often as they visit foreign ones.

Explaining this particular campaign, the aim of this article is to explore the ways in which cultural heritage becomes subject to contemporary uses under specific political, social, economic, and legal conditions. Official approaches toward cultural heritage are discussed with their political and economic connotations, which are the partial reflections of a “new public management.” Analyzing these recent cultural heritage management practices sheds light on the circumstances which lead to the creation of such a campaign. These circumstances—be they the assignment of the former CEO of the Italian branch of McDonald’s as the new general director for museums and archaeological sites, or the implementation of various laws and regulations which favor decentralization movements—are analyzed in order to develop a multilayered reading of the campaign. Apart from this political context, the article analyzes the tone and the secondary messages of the visuals via Bourdieu’s concept of “cultural capital.” In addition to being relevant for describing the consumption of culture, “cultural capital” also sheds light on the relationship between citizen and consumer. This article concludes by reconstructing the relationship between the state and the people regarding the ownership and use of cultural heritage, within the framework of Italy’s communication campaign.
Elites, Culture, and Power: The Moral Politics of “Development” in Cameroon
Authors: Orock Rogers Tabe Egbe
Published: May 2015

This article discusses the connections between elites, development, and issues of moral agency in contemporary Cameroon. It argues that, in Cameroon, development is not only a means by which elites are socially created but, more importantly, that it is increasingly the means by which elites are held accountable by their local village or ethnic and regional communities. Integrating detailed observations of an elite figure and popular debates on elites in Cameroon, the article discusses the centrality of development as an idiom through which social inequality between elites and non-elites is internalized, negotiated, and legitimated. The article underlines how the expectations that elites should “do development” are critical to the mutual engagements between elites and their local communities, mainly through local development associations in which elites and would-be elites are expected to assume leading roles. By suggesting that development is central to the cultural practice of elite power in Cameroon, the article points to interesting connections between development and age-old idioms of patrimonial politics such as kinship, ethnicity, and patronage as forms of redistribution in which elites are highly implicated.
Challenging Stereotypes: Randa Abdel-Fattah’s Use of Parody in Does My Head Look Big in This?
Authors: Haines Colin
Published: May 2015

This article explores anti-Muslim stereotypes and strategies for combating them as presented in Randa Abdel-Fattah’s first novel for young readers, Does My Head Look Big in This? First published in 2005, in the wake of terrorist attacks in the United States and Bali, the novel focuses on the everyday life of a second-generation Palestinian teenager who decides, as she puts it, to wear the hijab “full time” in a predominantly non-Muslim school in Australia. As will be argued here, stereotypes of Muslims and, in particular, Muslim women present not only challenges for the novel’s central protagonist but also sites for her intervention. Central to this discussion is theoretical work by Judith Butler, whose notion of parody emphasizes the destabilizing effect that parody has for otherwise oppressive images and stereotypes. Rather than engage in a patient, rational, and didactic discussion with what are essentially impatient and irrational representations, Does My Head Look Big in This? adopts a strategy of parody—an exaggerated, often funny, redeployment of anti-Muslim stereotypes—in order to expose the ignorance wherein they originate. In this way, it will be argued, the protagonist of Abdel-Fattah’s novel is not only “challenged” by anti-Muslim stereotypes, she “challenges back.”
Cross-Continental Readings of Visual Narratives: An analysis of six books in the New Zealand Picture Book Collection
Authors: Cotton Penni , Daly Nicola
Published: May 2015

This article argues that, by analyzing the ways in which illustrators use certain visual codes, we can learn much about a country’s history/culture and demonstrates this by analyzing the visual narratives of six picturebooks from the New Zealand Picture Book Collection (NZPBC). Emphasis is placed on how the front covers—which introduce both the stories and the new culture to young readers—are used to facilitate cultural understanding by focusing on intercultural stimuli/cultural exchanges; respecting beliefs/values; observing cultural lifestyles, sharing visual imagery and discussing the interplay between text and image.
The Children’s Literature of the Arab countries: The Question of Language
Authors: Bizri Hala
Published: May 2015

Twenty-two countries, as many dialects, some minority languages, and one common, standardized language: the Arab world is far from linguistically uniform. Each country has its own linguistic issues tied to its history as well as its cultural and identity choices. These issues are also reflected in the field of children’s literature, which raises the question “which language(s) should be used to address children in such a particular context?” Hala Bizri, librarian and researcher, draws up a linguistic panorama of the Arab world and puts it in perspective with regard to the language choices of publishers in the region.
Debating Equal Representation in South African Youth Literature Written in English (2000–2013)—A Statistical Assessment
Authors: Stadler Sandra
Published: May 2015

Content features of children’s literature are seldom assessed statistically, and when they are, analysts focus predominantly on the question of gender equality within literary texts of the past century. This article aims to close the following research lacunae: First, it provides a comprehensive survey of South African youth novels in English (published between 2000 and 2013), which does not exist to date. In a content analysis, a total of 247 novels were examined with regard to the categories type of fiction, space, gender, ethnicity, and social economics. Second, this article provides a statistic-based evaluation of these research categories. The major results of the evaluation are as follows: novels written in the realistic mode comprise most of the corpus (70%); nearly 60% of all realistic texts were set in urban spaces; generally, more males (46%) feature as protagonists than females (36%); black characters are represented most frequently in South African young adult novels (37%)—however, gender equality is least given for that ethnicity; in general, colored youth are least represented in English titles (6%); protagonists with a wealthy social background comprise only 13% and rank last, while youths growing up in poor conditions are most frequently chosen as protagonist in English youth literature (41%). The above numbers are compared to and contrasted with the demographic structure of twenty-first century South Africa in order to gain a deeper understanding of how young people of various backgrounds and ethnicities are actually represented in today’s literature. The genre is highly heterogeneous. However, equal representation is not achieved in every category.
Roger Mello 2014 Hans Christian Andersen Award Illustrator Winner
Authors: Mello Roger
Published: May 2015

Quiero conectarme con los narradores visuales de este país, de estas muchas naciones que constituyen la cultura de Mexico, Tenochtitlan, Mesoamérica, los pueblos nómadas del Norte, sus textos, su poesía visual me abarcaran a través de su fuerza insondable. El insondable es lo que hace posible mover la creación narrativa, el pensamiento libre de el lector. Mexicas, Mayas, Olmecas tejeran, pintaran, diagramaran y alimentaran el mundo con su ficción de imágenes. En un tiempo en que no era necesario que la ficción se separarse de la realidad. El Códice Borbónico, el Calendario Zapoteca, la cerámica, la escritura, los dibujos que cuentan historias, en un mundo-libro de imágenes narrativas abiertas. A los ilustradores y otros artistas de Mexico contemporáneo. Sólo el lector autor subvierte el percurso de la narración.
The Perfect Place to Set a Novel about the End of the World?: Trends in Australian Post-Nuclear Fiction for Young Adults
Authors: Braithwaite Elizabeth
Published: May 2015

“Australia has a fascinating yet contradictory nuclear history,” writes Jeffrey Lantis, and this ambiguity can be seen in the post-nuclear young adult fiction produced in that country. British, American and German speculative fiction for young readers set after nuclear disaster tends to suggest reasons for the disaster, and by implication, to position readers towards acting to stop the disaster happening in the real world. By contrast, Australian writers of both fantasy and speculative fiction tend to be less concerned with the cause of the disaster than with how the nuclear apocalypse can be used to explore a range of cultural issues which may appear to have little or nothing to do with nuclear disaster. Working with the notion of apocalypse as both revelation and, more popularly, as a violent “end event” (Curtis), this paper explores why young adult post-nuclear fiction produced in Australia tends to be different from that produced in Britain, the USA and Germany, and demonstrates how the nuclear disaster is used in a selection of Australian young adult post-disaster fiction to address cultural issues, particularly those dealing with Australia’s Indigenous population, and with the contemporary treatment of refugees
Examining the Significance of “Race” in College Students’ Identity Within a “Postracial” Era
Authors: Johnston Marc P. , Pizzolato Jane Elizabeth , Kanny M. Allison
Published: May 2015

This qualitative study examines the significance of “race” within the identities of a diverse sample of traditionally aged college students (N = 59) across 2 institutions. Our findings demonstrate that more than half of the participants felt race mattered to their sense of identity, since it was either descriptive of a sense of self provided order within differing contexts, or highlighted inequities. Why race did not seem to matter to the remaining students was explored with 3 resulting frameworks: race-salience and beliefs in a postracial society having the most explanatory value, while racial colorblindness the least. Methodological and theoretical innovations provide the foundation for implications toward complicating notions of race and identity within higher education research and practice.
The Advisor Quality Survey: Good College Advisors are Available, Knowledgeable, and Autonomy Supportive
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Garton Bryan , Orr Rachael , Smith Amy
Published: May 2015

Most US institutions of higher education do not assess advisor quality. We report a scale development effort informed by the developmental prescriptions of self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000). The 15-item Missouri Advisor Quality Survey assesses advisor knowledge, advisor availability, and advisor autonomy supportiveness. Across 3 studies the three factors were distinguishable, and each contributed independently to predicting students’ global satisfaction with their advisor’s performance. Autonomy support was the strongest of the three variables, predicting not only student satisfaction but also the amount of time advisors spend with the student, student cumulative GPA, and student current semester GPA controlling for cumulative GPA.
Innovative Research Into Practice in Support Centers for College Athletes: Implications for the Academic Progress Rate Initiative
Authors: Comeaux Eddie
Published: May 2015

Concerns about the educational experiences of Division I athletes are pervasive. Finding meaningful ways to strike a healthy balance between athletics and academics has been an ongoing struggle for colleges and universities, and this article emphasizes the need for and value of innovation in current practices. The article introduces the Career Transition Scorecard, a practitioner-as-researcher model that fosters evidence-based practices among higher education professionals as they improve the well-being of Division I athletes. Drawing from the proposed model, the article includes suggestions for new ways of thinking about the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s current Academic Progress Rate initiative. This work should encourage higher education practitioners and key internal stakeholders of athletics to consistently and formally examine program data disaggregated by subgroups such as race/ethnicity, gender, and type of sport and to develop and implement new, responsive intervention strategies that improve desirable academic outcomes for athletes.
Qualitative Analysis of the Barriers College Students With Disabilities Experience in Higher Education
Authors: Hong Barbara S. S.
Published: May 2015

Students with disabilities are increasingly enrolling in colleges and universities. However, many institutions are still unprepared to support them beyond the basic federal mandate of equal access and reasonable accommodations. This qualitative study utilized a nontraditional media of reflective journaling to capture the anecdotal experiences of 16 college students with disabilities for a 10-week period. Four major themes emerged concerning barriers and frustrations these students encountered on a daily basis: (a) faculty perception, (b) fit of advisors, (c) college stressors, and (d) quality of support services. Recommendations for higher education administrators and disability personnel to become more vigilant in improving support for this population are discussed.
Weaving a Tapestry, Compassionately: Toward an Understanding of Young Women’s Feminisms
Authors: Lewis Ruth , Marine Susan
Published: May 2015

The article challenges representations of so-called third-wave feminist politics that have over-simplified the complex, multifaceted nature of young women’s feminism, and that, by relying upon written accounts, have overlooked the empirical realities of “everyday” feminisms. While much scholarly attention has been paid to the “new femininities”—that is, how young women negotiate the contemporary gender order—as well as to the published work of relatively high-profile third-wave feminists, there are surprisingly few empirical examinations of young feminists’ politics, views, and activism despite an exciting and heartening resurgence of feminist activity in the United States and United Kingdom—the two countries in which this study is located. To better incorporate analysis of such activity into feminist theorizing, the article argues for a threefold approach to understanding young women’s contemporary feminisms: theoretically informed empirical examinations of young women’s politics; a more compassionate approach that understands the political, social, and cultural contexts in which feminist politics and sensibilities are (re)produced and enacted; and a consideration of feminism as a tapestry, with its history reflexively woven into its present.
Airing Dirty Laundry: Representations of Domestic Laborers in the Works of African American Women Writers
Authors: May Claudia
Published: May 2015

The article examines how Black Left feminists Marvel Cooke, Ella Baker, Louise Thompson, Esther Cooper Jackson, and Claudia Jones depicted the lives of domestic laborers in their activist writings. It then considers how their portrayals can be applied to an analysis of Alice Childress’s Like One of the Family: Conversations from a Domestic’s Life (1956) and Beulah Richardson’s A Black Woman Speaks (1951). Dissecting the agency of literary domestic workers occupies a central place in this discussion. The thoughts, actions, and speech of literary and nonliterary domestic laborers provide a multilayered appreciation of the strategies that these women employed when they encountered those who ignored their intellect. These writers, and the fictional and nonfictional domestic workers that they feature in their writings, emerge as social commentators and agitators who spotlight and rail against race, class, and gender discrepancies that are played out in- and outside the household domestic front.
Brave Sperm and Demure Eggs: Fallopian Gender Politics on YouTube
Authors: Nettleton Pamela Hill
Published: May 2015

A narrative analysis of videos of human conception from medical and nonmedical sources aired in the democratic space of YouTube finds that stereotypical gender roles are consistently assigned to cellular behavior. Sperm are represented as little men and embodiments of hegemonic masculinity, with heroic sperm winning the egg prize after a competitive athletic contest fraught with peril. Eggs are represented as featureless planets floating in a murky void and are without agency or action. Almost every video is about the “journey” or “adventure” of the sperm; the egg has no adventure. These videos represent a view of a persistent gendered narrative of human fertilization that does not coalesce with emerging scientific narratives that appear to attempt to be more gender-neutral in accounts of conception. The imposition of gendered social scripts onto biology—even pop-culture biology—may work to obscure common understanding of the nature of gender and of humanity, as well as reveal vivid and enduring stereotypes.
Datenschutz , the Defense of Law, and the Debate over Precautionary Surveillance: The Reform of Police Law and the Changing Parameters of State Action in West Germany
Authors: Frohman Larry
Published: May 2015

This essay uses the development of police law in the 1970s and 1980s to assess the extent to which new forms of police surveillance were transforming a state based on the rule of law into a postliberal preventive or precautionary surveillance state. It argues that Datenschutz served as the primary means for theorizing the problems with new surveillance practices and defending both the idea of law and a liberal economy of informational restraint against the transgressive logic of precautionary surveillance. However, liberal principles were never abandoned completely, and at the turn of 1990s police law was shaped by the unresolved conflict between two competing conceptions of the role of the state.
“Cinematography of Devices”: Harun Farocki’s Eye/Machine Trilogy
Authors: Blumenthal-Barby Martin
Published: May 2015

Harun Farocki’s 2001–2003 installation Eye/Machine tackles issues of surveillance surrounding the “intelligent” weapon systems deployed in the 1990/91 Gulf War. Farocki is especially interested in the image processing systems behind these weapons, their operational images that are both generated by machines and read by machines—images that require neither human creators nor human spectators. The article examines how Farocki turns these images into aesthetic artifacts even though they were never meant to be seen. Concomitantly, it interrogates our own status as spectators and explores how we can avoid complicity with the imagistic logic of war that Farocki confronts.
Entreprises ouvrières et luttes sociales en Andalousie : Implications idéologiques
Authors: Haubert Maxime
Published: May 2015

This article examines the evolution of the social conflicts around collective enterprises in Andalusia. The analysis centres on the role that ideological and more broadly political factors may have played in these conflicts. Were worker enterprises considered an instrument for the emancipation of workers or, rather, a sort of antidote to the revolution? The period examined extends from the emergence of Fourierism in Andalusia through to the end of the Civil War. A few parallels are drawn with the situation of collective enterprises in more recent times.
Handprints in the Archives: Exploring the Emotional Life of the State
Authors: Madokoro Laura
Published: May 2015

À partir des certificats d’exemption délivrés par le gouvernement de l’Australie de 1901 à 1958, l’article ci-après traite de la façon dont on peut utiliser les archives officielles de l’immigration pour rendre compte de la vie affective de l’État. Dans le cadre des efforts du gouvernement visant à dissuader les migrants asiatiques de s’établir en permanence en Australie, la loi de 1901 sur l’immigration a exigé des nouveaux venus qu’ils se soumettent à une dictée pour être admis. Ceux qui étaient nés en Australie ou qui y étaient domiciliés au moment de l’adoption de la loi pouvaient demander d’être exemptés de cette épreuve s’ils quittaient le pays temporairement. Si leur demande était agréée, les résidents recevaient un certificat d’exemption qu’ils étaient tenus de présenter à leur retour. Ces certificats contenaient des renseignements biographiques détaillés, des photographies identificatrices ainsi que des empreintes digitales. En examinant la manière dont ces certificats ont été utilisés par l’État pour régir la migration chinoise à destination et en provenance de l’Australie, y compris les déplacements des jeunes enfants, cet article montre comment les documents officiels peuvent révéler les insécurités profondes qui animaient l’administration de politiques d’exclusion en matière d’immigration au début du XX e siècle.
Eating Across Borders: Reading Immigrant Cookbooks
Authors: Epp Marlene
Published: May 2015

Le livre de recettes a récemment été analysé comme source pour comprendre l’histoire par-delà les instructions relatives à la préparation de tel ou tel plat culinaire. Dans le présent article, l’auteure étudie des livres de recettes reflétant des particularités culturelles en usage au Canada comme documents pour comprendre l’histoire de l’immigration au pays par le biais des habitudes alimentaires des groupes ethniques. L’examen de livres de recettes sous l’angle de leur signification sociale, culturelle et politique renseigne sur la façon dont se manifeste l’ethnicité ou dont elle est imitée au moment des repas, de part et d’autre des frontières, aujourd’hui comme hier. Les livres de recettes des communautés culturelles examinés dans cette étude permettent aux nouveaux venus d’apprendre comment manger « à la canadienne », mais ils enseignent aussi aux Canadiens comment manger des mets étrangers. Selon l’auteure, le livre de recettes est une source importante par laquelle les groupes ethniques maintiennent un lien public avec la culture de leur pays d’origine, renforcent leur identité culturelle, s’intègrent à une nouvelle culture et façonnent de nouvelles identités hybrides.
Competing Cosmologies: Reading Migration and Identity in an Ethno-religious Newspaper
Authors: Loewen Royden
Published: May 2015

Entre 1977 et 2000, le Mennonitische Post , un journal qui a son siège au Canada, publia des milliers de lettres provenant de membres d’une incomparable diaspora. La communauté étendue des mennonites dont les grands-parents avaient émigré du Canada dans les années 1920 afin de résister à l’imposition d’écoles publiques de langue anglaise redécouvrit alors des liens anciens dans les pages de ce journal. Il s’agissait cependant d’une communauté divisée : bon nombre d’enfants et de petits-enfants des émigrants étaient « rentrés » au Canada où ils faisaient partie de la classe moyenne; d’autres, par contre, avaient formé en Amérique centrale ou en Amérique du Sud des communautés utilisant encore le cheval de trait. Les deux groupes partagèrent pourtant les pages du Post consacrées au courrier des lecteurs, assumant de la sorte une tâche complexe : celle consistant à fixer des frontières, à la fois intérieures et extérieures. Nous examinons ici la façon dont des immigrants se sont parlé par le truchement de lettres publiées dans des journaux ethnoculturels en contexte transnational. Ce faisant, ces gens ont amorcé un débat complexe, multidimensionnel, qui, en plus de donner expression à une frontière sociale commune entre la communauté diasporique et la société d’accueil, a validé par lui-même des sous-entendus reposant sur des cosmologies concurrentes à l’intérieur de la diaspora.
“The Industry of the Beaver”: Looking at Canadian Participation at the Intercolonial Exhibition, Sydney, New South Wales, 1877
Authors: Jacques Denise
Published: May 2015

Pour bon nombre de Canadiens du XIX e siècle, l’amélioration des systèmes de transport était censée resserrer les liens entre les pays de l’Empire britannique — ceux en rouge sur la carte. Sous l’influence de cette vision du monde, 147 entreprises canadiennes participèrent à l’Exposition métropolitaine intercoloniale inaugurée en avril 1877 à Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles-du-Sud). Malheureusement, l’Australie était plus un marché en puissance qu’un marché réel pour les exportateurs canadiens de l’époque. L’étude de la présence canadienne à cette exposition jette la lumière sur la façon dont une entité coloniale a établi le contact avec une autre afin de nouer de nouvelles relations à une échelle inférieure à celle de l’Empire.
W. Waters Butler and the Making of a Progressive Brewer in Britain, 1890-1922
Authors: Gutzke David W.
Published: May 2015

La carrière de W. Waters Butler, de Birmingham, comme éminent brasseur, comporte deux périodes distinctes. À la fin de l’ère victorienne et au début du XX e siècle, Butler affichait le conservatisme traditionnel des brasseurs, qui se méfiaient des intentions du gouvernement et détestaient franchement collaborer avec les autorités quelles qu’elles soient. Or sa participation, à partir de 1916, au Central Control Board mis sur pied par le gouvernement l’a transformé en progressiste : il s’est tourné vers l’État, trait caractéristique essentiel des progressistes angloaméricains, pour que le marché soit bien ordonné — but recherché depuis longtemps—, et a absorbé un programme de réforme divers. De nos jours aussi ses attitudes sont l’exemple de l’homme d’affaires en tant que réformateur progressiste : Butler, en effet, était plus intéressé à supprimer l’ivrognerie qu’à maximiser les ventes de bière de son entreprise; l’estime du public avait à ses yeux plus d’importance que l’ampleur des profits de son entreprise; quant à son souci de restaurer la respectabilité des pubs, il témoignait de l’émergence d’une conscience sociale prononcée. En présentant clairement une vision de la société dans laquelle tous partagent la responsabilité de boire de façon modérée, disciplinée et ordonnée, Butler en est venu à constituer le parfait exemple de l’homme d’affaires progressiste.
East Coast, West Coast: Using Government Files to Study Immigration History
Authors: Chilton Lisa , Takai Yukari
Published: May 2015

Les documents créés par les agents fédéraux responsables de l’accueil et de la régie des immigrants à Saint John (Nouveau-Brunswick) et à Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique) sont ici utilisés comme études de cas pour illustrer l’utilité possible de ce genre de sources en histoire sociale. En plus de permettre de mieux comprendre les mécanismes et les structures mis en place par l’État pour gérer les migrants, ces sources d’origine étatique fournissent des précisions sur le contexte socioculturel et le cadre matériel dans lequel les immigrants étaient accueillis. De plus, elles jettent une lumière nouvelle sur les expériences et les activités des immigrants ainsi que sur leurs réactions aux efforts des autorités canadiennes pour régir leurs déplacements et façonner leur identité.
Knowing the Dramatist by His Choices: James, Ibsen, and The Awkward Age
Authors: Williams Merle A.
Published: May 2015

This article suggests that The Awkward Age adapts Henrik Ibsen’s metaphysical tensions and linguistic figures to the structures of a comedy of manners set in the London of the “naughty nineties,” domesticating Ibsen’s philosophical preoccupations to mesh with the social and cultural mores of James’s British readership. Yet the encounter with Ibsen equally leads James to strip bare the essential resources of the ego in order to plumb to the core of certain intractable ethical dilemmas. The objective, scenic design of The Awkward Age is thus shadowed by a subtext that probes suffering, loss and the betrayal of selfhood, and the narrative is darkened and intertwined with an interrogation of existential needs and aspirations.
More Perceptions than Terms to Translate Them: The Enigmatic Signifier and the Jamesian Unconscious in What Maisie Knew
Authors: Clifton Glenn
Published: May 2015

This article examines Henry James’s What Maisie Knew in the light of Jean Laplanche’s theory of the Enigmatic Signifier. It argues that James uses highly charged, individual words to outline two forms of unconscious libidinal investment: the first corresponds to a model of the unconscious mind conditioned by moralistic repression, while the second corresponds to a responsive, intersubjective model of the unconscious as a conduit for connection between individuals. This analysis leads in turn to a consideration of how James might be situated at the intersection of several competing Victorian theories of the unconscious mind.
Speaking in James: Cynthia Ozick’s “Dictation” and “The Jolly Corner”
Authors: Kent Jessica A.
Published: May 2015

Cynthia Ozick’s “Dictation” imagines an alternate history in which Theodora Bosanquet undermines Henry James’s authority over “The Jolly Corner.” Some critics suggest James’s tale is a psychological allegory about one man defining himself. In “Dictation,” the central role of the medium – typist and spiritualist – suggests both consciousness and authorship are less well-defined. The fictional James’s text and Spencer Brydon’s apparition may be products of a powerful mind or of an external force, whether the textual mode of production or some occult power. Seen in this light, James speaks to contemporary anxieties about individual autonomy within inescapable technological and cultural forces.
The Normativity of Experience and Causal Belief in Hume’s Treatise
Authors: Boehm Miren
Published: May 2015

What is the source of normativity in Hume’s account of causal reasoning? In virtue of what are causal beliefs justified for Hume? To answer these questions, the literature appeals, almost invariably, to custom or some feature thereof. I argue, in contrast, that causal beliefs are justified for Hume because they issue from experience. Although he denies experience the title of justifying reason, for Hume experience has normative authority. I offer an interpretation of the source and nature of the normativity of experience in causal reasoning. I argue that the senses and memory have a special, positive status within the mind in virtue of their force and vivacity, which, on my reading, Hume identifies with a sense of presentness and a strong effect on the mind. Hume dignifies the system of memory and the senses with the title of reality because of these features. Causal beliefs are dignified as “realities” because they issue from reality. However, because the imagination can sometimes enhance the force and vivacity of ideas without the help of experience, Hume appeals to coherence and general rules as well.
Hume on Art Critics, Wise Men, and the Virtues of Taste
Authors: Baceski Tina
Published: May 2015

In this paper I compare two models of expert judgment: the art critic in Hume’s “Of the Standard of Taste” and the “wise man” in “Of Miracles.” The art critic is a true judge of beauty because he has made himself into a person who is optimally receptive to beauty. He possesses the virtues of taste: “Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice” (“Of the Standard of Taste,” 241). But the virtues of the art critic, I argue, are also those of the “wise man,” the person who consistently “proportions his belief to the evidence” (EHU 10.4; SBN 110). Comparison of these two characters reveals that for Hume the virtues fundamental to the art critic’s critical competence are also epistemic virtues. Hume’s exposition of aesthetic excellences should thus be of interest for virtue epistemology. Because contemporary virtue epistemologists have tended to focus almost exclusively on the relationships between intellectual and moral virtues, Hume offers something new: an account of epistemic virtues based on aesthetic virtues.
Kabbalistic Pharmacopoeia: Well-Being in the Atlantic Jewish World
Authors: Ben-Ur Aviva
Published: May 2015

This article discusses an intriguing manuscript purchased in Jerusalem at auction in 2013 for the Library at the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania. Ta‘alumot hokhmah was composed in the Dutch provinces during the 150 years leading up to the 1830s, largely in Portuguese and Dutch, with significant portions in French and Italian, and a smattering of Spanish, English, German, and Yiddish. Most manifestly, it is a receipt book, a compendium of medical, culinary, and housekeeping recipes, but also falls within the genre of the “literature of ‘secrets,’” whose content was magical and semi-medical, a genre known among Jews as Sifrei Segulot. Because it is composed of multiple, juxtaposed layers of texts, Ta‘alumot @hokhmah also embodies the genres of memoir, family record book, scrapbook, merchant’s guide, and folklore. The text marks the major transitions that characterize the Atlantic Jewish era: conversion from Christianity to Judaism, migration from Europe to the New World, the shift from Peninsular mono- or bi-lingualism to multilingualism, and the confrontation of traditional Judaism with modern, secularized science. It is representative of Jews in the Atlantic world, and its preservation bespeaks the historic pride that Portuguese Jews took in their accomplished physicians, the conservative nature of Portuguese Judaism, and possibly the Portuguese Jewish tradition’s role in retarding the inroads of modern science.
Giro poético/político en la reconstrucción del sujeto en la escena de la post dictadura chilena: Ramón Griffero y Éxtasis o la senda de la santidad
Authors: de la Luz Hurtado María
Published: May 2015

Through Ramón Griffero’s text and staging of Éxtasis o la senda de la santidad (1994) I search for the signs and traces of the strong reconfigurations produced in Chilean theatre at the time of the fall of the macro-narratives, which coincides with the end of Pinochet’s regime. At this turning point in Griffero’s poetics, I strive to identify the constructive strategies that he uses to produce and display his own subjectivity and that of others. Cultural studies and theorists such as Foster, Cornago, Owens, Benjamin, Grüner, and Griffero himself inform my study of the displacements and disruptions that Griffero produces in canonic constructions of discourses and texts, tracing new ground on which these dimensions operate as aesthetics, ethics, and politics.
Voz de tierra que llama : O cuando el repertorio re-territorializa
Authors: Vargas Jorge Luis Yangali
Published: May 2015

This essay focuses on Voz de tierra que llama (1995) by Eduardo Valentin Muñoz, a director and playwright from the central highlands of Peru. This play constitutes a part of the theatrical archive on the problem of the displaced (embodied in the text by a woman). The subject(s) emerged within a socio-political Peruvian context that emerged during the “time of fear” (the last two decades of the 20 th century). In terms of an archive, Voz de tierra que llama narrates the tragedy of eight deterritorialized Andean women who try unsuccessfully to re-territorialize themselves in the city. The play also deals with the return of the displaced to their rural origin. We posit that the reterritorialization portrayed in the play of Valentin Muñoz relates to the reformulation of the use and meaning of the elements of an Andean oral repertoire, a repertoire that the modern systems of representation reject as not responding to the written canon and to literacy. In this sense, we claim that Valentin Muñoz’s play proposes to politicize the use of the Andean “archive” on the trauma brought on by the original deter-ritorialization. The politicization of the arckhe makes it a place of constant tension, resistance, and negotiation.
La posmodernidad y las redes sociales en 9 días de guerra en Facebook
Authors: Zuluaga Leonardo Monroy
Published: May 2015

This essay interprets the dramatic text 9 días de guerra en Facebook , written by Mexican playwright Luis Mario Moncada. In dialogue with theories by Fredric Jameson, Jean Baudrillard, and Gianni Vatimmo, I address the counterpoints between views on postmodernism and its effects on the individual. This comparison of voices provides the basis for the contextualization of Moncada’s work, while explaining the way the author builds a text based on the structure of the most visited social network today. I explore in particular the system created among the characters of 9 días de guerra en Facebook and the way Moncada treats the world of social networks and (counter)values of postmodernity, which include narcissism, the juxtaposition of ideas and feelings, and the fugacity of such reflections.
De la reconnaissance à la responsabilité: L’Expérience tragique chez Wajdi Mouawad
Authors: Déry-Obin Tanya
Published: May 2015

Cet article soutient que le discours de sensibilisation aux violences contemporaines de trois pièces de théâtre de Wajdi Mouawad, Littoral , Incendies et Forêts , est transmis à travers une expérience tragique relayée par l’organisation dramatique. À partir d’une analyse dramaturgique inspirée des méthodes de Jean-Pierre Ryngaert, Jean-Pierre Sarrazac, Patrice Pavis et Catherine Naugrette, cet article analyse comment les pièces de Mouawad revisitent les tropes tragiques de la fatalité, du pouvoir d’action, du moment de reconnaissance et de la catharsis afin de proposer une expérience tragique où le spectateur identifie et reconnaît les sources de violence contemporaine. Cet article soutient finalement que l’expérience tragique est essentielle au projet engagé de Mouawad, lequel problématise la notion “d’action.”
La Guerre et la crise de la fiction: De la “fictionnalisation” de l’Histoire à la “factualisation” de la fiction dans quelques romans africains
Authors: Plaiche Karel
Published: May 2015

La décennie 1990 en Afrique est marquée par des conflits armés ayant engendré un grand nombre de textes littéraires, et l’on constate que beaucoup d’entre eux ont eu recours à la fiction pour raconter l’expérience de la guerre. Or il est intéressant de noter que plusieurs de ces textes, envahis par une accumulation d’éléments historiques, sociologiques, témoignent d’un entremêlement singulier entre récit fictionnel et discours factuel. Ce dernier est en effet massivement sollicité à travers l’emploi d’une écriture proche du reportage, du document historique ou informatif qui donne au texte une dimension documentaire. Quels sont les traits de cette écriture singulière qui introduit le discours factuel à travers un processus de “factualisation” du récit fictionnel? Comment penser ce procédé qui se distingue d’une fictionnalisation des faits auquel le lecteur de fictions de guerre semble plus accoutumé? Que révèle-t-il sur la mise en récit de l’événement traumatique relevant d’un passé proche? La position “indirecte” de l’écrivain vis-à-vis des faits encourage-t-elle cette stratégie parce qu’elle serait garante d’une écriture moins théâtralisante? L’analyse de trois romans—notamment Allah n’est pas obligé (2000) d’Ahmadou Kourouma et En suivant le sentier sous les palmiers (2009) de Pius Ngandu Nkashama, mais aussi Les “ Démons crachés ” de l’autre république (2007) de Serge Armand Zanzala—nous servira à réfléchir sur ces interrogations et à examiner le rapport complexe entre (l’)Histoire et la fiction.