bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composição florística e distribuição altitudinal de epífitas vasculares da Floresta Ombrófila Densa na Serra da Prata, Morretes, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Blum Christopher Thomas , Roderjan Carlos Vellozo , Galvão Franklin
Published: April 2012

O levantamento de epífitas vasculares foi realizado na porção norte da Serra da Prata (48º 41' 59,39" O e 25º 36' 46,39" S), município de Morretes, abrangendo 6,3 ha de encosta situada entre 400 e 1.100 m s.n.m., coberta por Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana e Montana. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: 1) caracterizar a flora epifítica vascular; 2) discutir sua distribuição altitudinal e nas categorias ecológicas; 3) avaliar a similaridade florística com outras áreas do sul e sudeste do Brasil. O levantamento foi efetivado entre 2005 e 2010. Cento e vinte forófitos, distribuídos por quatro altitudes (400, 600, 800 e 1.000 m), foram escalados e detalhadamente vasculhados. Foram registradas 278 espécies, 109 gêneros e 30 famílias de epífitas vasculares. Pteridófitas englobaram 74 espécies, 30 gêneros e 10 famílias. Angiospermas totalizaram 204 espécies, 79 gêneros e 20 famílias. A riqueza de epífitas vasculares foi a maior já registrada em estudos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no sul do Brasil. Sete espécies tiveram seu primeiro registro para o Paraná e seis enquadraram-se como ameaçadas em nível estadual. Orchidaceae foi a mais rica, com 103 (37,2%) espécies e 43 (39,1%) gêneros, seguida de Bromeliaceae (38), Polypodiaceae (28), Hymenophyllaceae (15), Araceae (14) e Piperaceae (14). As holoepífitas características constituíram o grupo dominante, perfazendo 83% do total. Apenas 54 (19,5%) espécies foram registradas em todas as faixas altitudinais, sendo que 131 (47,3%) foram registradas somente abaixo dos 700 m e 54 (19,5%) encontradas somente acima dos 800 m. Detectou-se reduzida similaridade florística entre as extremidades da encosta estudada, o que destaca a importância da altitude na distribuição das espécies. A flora epifítica da Serra da Prata apresentou reduzida similaridade com outras comunidades de Floresta Ombrófila Densa do PR e SP.
Leguminosae no Pantanal de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Silva Rosilene Rodrigues
Published: April 2012

O Pantanal brasileiro é constituído por onze sub-regiões, sendo uma delas a do Pantanal de Barão de Melgaço, localizado ao nordeste da bacia sedimentar quaternária. Considerando que Leguminosae é apontada como uma das famílias mais abundantes na região do Pantanal, este trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar uma lista dos táxons de Leguminosae ocorrentes no Pantanal de Barão de Melgaço, município de Barão de Melgaço, estado do Mato Grosso. Para as espécies são fornecidas informações sobre o hábito e tipo de vegetação. Um total de 40 táxons foi registrado, pertencendo a 23 gêneros. A maioria das espécies são árvores e ocorrem essencialmente nas formações ciliares. Este estudo aponta, dentre as espécies encontradas, dois novos registros para o estado do Mato Grosso, que são: Aeschynomene evenia C. Wright ex Sauvalle e Pterocarpus villosus (Benth.) Benth.
Fruit-eating fishes of Banara arguta (Salicaceae) in the Miranda River floodplain, Pantanal wetland
Authors: Costa-Pereira Raul , Severo-Neto Francisco , Yule Tamires Soares , Pereira Ana Paula Tinti
Published: April 2012

The role of fish as frugivorous and its ecological consequences are often neglected in ecological studies. However, the importance of the interaction between fish and plants is gaining force in scientific literature, and fish has been considered effective seed dispersers. The fruit-eating fish assemblage of Banara arguta (Salicaceae) was evaluated in Southern Pantanal wetlands. Nine species were reported consuming fruits, with different strategies to capture them. The distribution of B. arguta associated with the Pantanal floodplain and the presence of several species of fruit-eating fish, suggest that ichthyochory can be an important seed dispersal strategy to B. arguta.
Autogestão e subjetividade: interfaces e desafios na visão de especialistas da ANTEAG, UNISOL e UNITRABALHO
Authors: Onuma Fernanda Mitsue Soares , Mafra Flávia Luciana Naves , Moreira Lilian Barros
Published: April 2012

A Administração, em sua corrente teórica dominante, tem se prestado a transformar as empresas em espaços de propagação ideológica acerca de formas hierarquizadas de organização e gestão do trabalho. Negando esta dimensão política e ideológica da ação administrativa, a Teoria da Administração tem se tornado cúmplice dos interesses do business, educando profissionais cujas ações acabam sobrepondo o econômico ao fator humano e às questões éticas. Em contraposição a este cenário de injustiça e exploração, encontra-se a autogestão, forma de gestão não hierarquizada e democrática cuja implantação tem enfrentado muita dificuldade. Para buscar compreender os desafios que se impõem aos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras que se propõem a trabalhar de maneira autogestionária, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com um especialista em cada uma das três seguintes entidades de fomento a organizações autogestionárias: ANTEAG, UNISOL e UNITRABALHO. Os dados foram analisados por meio do método de análise de conteúdo e indicaram que a autogestão, na visão destes profissionais, implica necessidade de uma mudança de subjetividade desses trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, acostumados ao modelo de trabalho hierarquizado e não democrático. Com base nisso, argumenta-se que, para uma melhor compreensão da dificuldade de implantação da autogestão nas organizações, é necessária a adoção de um conceito de subjetividade que englobe não só o seu caráter individual, mas também seu caráter coletivo. Conquanto a visão da subjetividade individual e coletiva nos leve a refletir sobre o fato de que os desafios da prática da autogestão são mais profundos do que aparentam inicialmente, acreditamos que sua resolução pode estar mais próxima de nós do que imaginamos.
Monophyly of Heterandriini (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) revisited: a critical review of the data
Authors: Morales-Cazan Alfy , Albert James S.
Published: April 2012

The systematics and taxonomy of poeciliid fishes (guppies and allies) remain poorly understood despite the relative importance of these species as model systems in the biological sciences. This study focuses on testing the monophyly of the nominal poeciliine tribe Heterandriini and the genus Heterandria, through examination of the morphological characters on which the current classification is based. These characters include aspects of body shape (morphometrics), scale and fin-ray counts (meristics), pigmentation, the cephalic laterosensory system, and osteological features of the neurocranium, oral jaws and suspensorium, branchial basket, pectoral girdle, and the gonopodium and its supports. A Maximum Parsimony analysis was conducted of 150 characters coded for 56 poeciliid and outgroup species, including 22 of 45 heterandriin species (from the accounted in Parenti & Rauchenberger, 1989), or seven of nine heterandriin species (from the accounted in Lucinda & Reis, 2005). Multistate characters were analyzed as both unordered and ordered, and iterative a posteriori weighting was used to improve tree resolution. Tree topologies obtained from these analyses support the monophyly of the Middle American species of "Heterandria," which based on available phylogenetic information, are herein reassigned to the genus Pseudoxiphophorus. None of the characters used in previous studies to characterize the nominal taxon Heterandriini are found to be unambiguously diagnostic. Some of these characters are shared with species in other poeciliid tribes, and others are reversed within the Heterandriini. These results support the hypothesis that Pseudoxiphophorus is monophyletic, and that this clade is not the closest relative of H. formosa (the type species) from southeastern North America. Available morphological data are not sufficient to assess the phylogenetic relationships of H. formosa with respect to other members of the Heterandriini. The results further suggest that most tribe-level taxa of the Poeciliinae are not monophyletic, and that further work remains to resolve the evolutionary relationships of this group.
Iheringichthys syi (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), a new pimelodid species from upper Paraná basin, Brazil
Authors: Azpelicueta María de las Mercedes , Britski Heraldo A.
Published: April 2012

We describe a new species of pimelodid catfish of the genus Iheringichthys from the upper Paraná basin, Brazil. Iheringichthys syi n. sp. is distinguished by the comparatively fine serration along the anterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine, an adpressed dorsal-fin remote from the adipose-fin origin, a large eye (23.2-31.2% of head length), narrow interorbital (16.2-23.0% of head length), long snout (42.0-51.0% of head length), long postorbital length (30.6-34.0% of head length), low adipose fin (4.8-7.8% of standard length), eye diameter 97.0-140.0% of interorbital length, and body with numerous, small dots irregularly scattered on flanks, especially marked on anterior half of flank.
Activity and habitat use of two species of stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Garrone Neto Domingos , Uieda Virgínia Sanches
Published: April 2012

The life history of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) under natural conditions has been poorly documented. In this study, we investigated theperiod of activity and the habitat use of two species of the genus Potamotrygon in the upper Paraná River basin, Southeastern Brazil. Potamotrygon falkneri and P. motoro are similar to each other as far as the analyzed behavior is concerned. Individuals of both species segregate according to their size, and in function of the depth and period of the day. Younger individuals inhabit mostly sandy beaches and places that are no deeper than four meters throughout the whole day. Bigger stingrays realize bathymetric migrations, alternating their position between places deeper than eight meters during the day, and shallow areas at night. Individuals of intermediate size inhabit transition environments that have greater habitat diversity. Both species presented mostly nocturnal habits, especially regarding their feeding behavior. The behavioral patterns observed seem to go through ontogenetic variations and probably change throughout the year, between dry and wet seasons.
Induced spawning and early ontogeny in hatchery-reared catfish Zungaro jahu (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
Authors: Nogueira Lorena B. , Azevedo Pedro G. , Canelhas Mônica R. , Bedore Alessandra G. , Lopes João M. , Godinho Hugo P.
Published: April 2012

Hatchery-kept catfish jahus Zungaro jahu (Ihering, 1898) were induced to spawn with carp pituitary extract. The telolecithal eggs were round (1.6 ± 0.1 mm in diameter), demersal, free, and covered with a 0.4 mm-thick jelly coat. The gonadosomatic index of 2.8 was comparable to that of other Pimelodidae. The number of eggs x g of ova-1 was 804 ± 144. Hatching occurred 14.5 h after fertilization, at a temperature of 27.3 ± 0.4º C. The newly-hatched embryos measured 3.9-4.3 mm of total length (TL). At 18 h post-hatching (HPH; 5.3 ± 0.1 mm TL), the retina was pigmented, the mouth opened and dorsoflexion of the notochord had initiated. At 36 HPH (6.4 ± 0.2 mm TL), fusiform chromatophores were vertically arranged in the primordial fin fold and the notochord was dorsoflexed. The yolk sac was almost exhausted by 48 HPH (7.3 ± 0.2 mm TL). At 128 HPH (8.6 ± 0.6 mm TL) the pectoral, dorsal, adipose, caudal, anal, and pelvic fins were readily observable whereas the primordial fin fold was no longer visible. At 224 HPH (16.6 ± 2.5 mm TL), the metamorphosis was completed and the larvae had acquired the juvenile appearance.
Experimental assessment of the effects of a Neotropical nocturnal piscivore on juvenile native and invasive fishes
Authors: Santos Alejandra F. G. N. , Alcaraz Carles , Santos Luciano N. , Hayashi Carmino , García-Berthou Emili
Published: April 2012

We experimentally examined the predator-prey relationships between juvenile spotted sorubim Pseudoplastystoma corruscans and young-of-the-year invasive and native fish species of the Paraná River basin, Brazil. Three invasive (peacock bass Cichla piquiti, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus) and two native (yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae and streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus) fish species were offered as prey to P. corruscans in 300 L aquaria with three habitat complexity treatments (0%, 50% and 100% structure-covered). Prey survival was variable through time and among species (C. piquiti < O. niloticus < A. altiparanae < P. lineatus < I. punctatus), depending largely on species-specific prey behavior but also on prey size and morphological defenses. Habitat complexity did not directly affect P. corruscans piscivory but some prey species changed their microhabitat use and shoaling behavior among habitat treatments in predator's presence. Pseudoplatystoma corruscans preyed preferentially on smaller individuals of those invasive species with weak morphological defensive features that persisted in a non-shoaling behavior. Overall, our results contrast with those in a companion experiment using a diurnal predator, suggesting that nocturnal piscivores preferentially prey on different (rather diurnal) fish species and are less affected by habitat complexity. Our findings suggest that recovering the native populations of P. corruscans might help controling some fish species introduced to the Paraná River basin, particularly C. piquiti and O. niloticus, whose parental care is expected to be weak or null at night.
Estimates of population parameters and consumption/biomass ratio for fishes in reservoirs, Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Gubiani Éder André , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: April 2012

Consumption, natural mortality, and growth are important parameters for the construction for both fisheries and ecosystems models. We estimated k (growth constant of the von Bertalanffy's function), Loo 1(asymptotic length), Woo (asymptotic weight), Ar (caudal fin index), M (natural mortality), and Q/B (consumption/biomass ratio) for several fish species inhabiting reservoirs. We explored possible relationships among these parameters for 135 fish species sampled in thirty reservoirs in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Maximum length (Lmax) varied from 2.60 to 79.00 cm, Loo from 2.73 to 85.05 cm, Woo from 0.23 to 9,490.26 g, k from 0.01 to 2.38 yr-1, Ar from 0.03 to 3.60, M from 0.16 to 2.82 yr-1, and Q/B from 3.31 to 67.18. Significant correlations were observed between most pairs of parameters, except for Ar and k, Ar and Loo , and for M and Q/B. The estimates presented here may be useful for constructing Ecopath models, both in Brazil and other tropical regions, where the use of ecosystem modeling is growing.
Efeitos do treinamento moderado contínuo sobre parâmetros imunológico e metabólico de ratos suplementados com maltodextrina
Authors: Leite Cátia Fernandes , Amaral Marta Gonçalves , Hartleben Claudia Pinho , Hax Carolina Borges , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do exercício moderado contínuo sobre a contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, as concentrações de glicose sérica e os teores lipídicos de ratos suplementados e não suplementados com solução carboidratada. Para tanto, 35 ratos Wistar, machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: sedentários não suplementado (n = 10) e suplementado (n = 8); treinados em exercício aeróbio moderado contínuo não suplementado (n = 9) e suplementado (n = 8). O período de treinamento foi de seis semanas de natação em padrão contínuo com sobrecarga correspondente a 3% do peso corporal. Durante cinco dias os animais foram suplementados com uma dose diária de 0,48 g.kg-1 de maltodextrina dissolvida em água ou receberam água pura. O exercício moderado causou uma diminuição significativa na glicemia (p < 0,001) e no número de linfócitos sanguíneos (p < 0,01), entretanto, a maltodextrina proporcionou um aumento significativo nos linfócitos dos animais treinados (p < 0,03). Não houve efeito do treinamento e da maltodextrina no perfil lipídico. Conclui-se que com seis semanas de treinamento foi possível causar queda no número de linfócitos e concentração de glicose sérica, mas com cinco dias de suplementação o declínio na contagem de linfócitos foi atenuado sem, no entanto, causar elevações no perfil lipídico.
Relação entre métodos de quantificação de cargas de treinamento baseados em percepção de esforço e frequência cardíaca em jogadores jovens de futsal
Authors: Milanez Vinicius Flávio , Ramos Solange de Paula , Salle-Neto Fuad , Machado Fabiana Andrade , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo
Published: April 2012

Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar a associação entre os métodos de quantificação da carga de treinamento, PSE da sessão e impulso de treinamento proposto por Lucía (LuciaTRIMP) e descrever a distribuição da intensidade de treinamento no futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18. Quinze jogadores (média e DP; idade: 17 ± 1 ano; massa corporal: 70,4 ± 6,5 kg; estatura: 175 ± 4 cm e IMC 23 ± 2 kg.m-2) foram submetidos a um teste de corrida incremental para determinar o limiar ventilatório (LVmax), o ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) e o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max). Apenas oito atletas foram monitorados por meio dos métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP durante 78 sessões de treinamento antes da principal competição da temporada. Foram encontradas correlações individuais de magnitudes alta a quase perfeita (r = 0,64 - 0,91) entre os métodos PSE da sessão e LuciaTRIMP. O padrão de distribuição da intensidade de treinamento foi 76, 18 e 6% do tempo abaixo do LV (zona 1), entre LV e PCR (zona 2) e acima do PCR (zona 3), respectivamente. O método PSE da sessão se mostrou altamente relacionado com um método objetivo de quantificação da carga de treinamento. Além disso, as sessões de treinamento de uma equipe de futsal semiprofissional da categoria sub 18 apresentaram um padrão decrescente de distribuição das intensidades de treinamento.
O "abrasileiramento" das associações esportivas de Teutônia/Estrela no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Kilpp Cecília Elisa , Assmann Alice Beatriz , Mazo Janice Zarpellon
Published: April 2012

As associações esportivas teuto-brasileiras de Teutônia/Estrela no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul sofreram o processo de abrasileiramento no período da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) e da Segunda Grande Guerra (1939-1945). Este artigo objetivou identificar os conﬂitos de identidades culturais nas associações esportivas de Teutônia/Estrela desencadeados pelas ações nacionalizadoras conduzidas pelos interventores do Estado Rio Grande do Sul no período das grandes guerras mundiais. As fontes históricas consultadas revelaram que a prática de esportes tradicionais nas associações teuto-brasileiras enfraqueceu, como no caso do bolão, ao mesmo tempo que outros esportes foram incorporados, principalmente o futebol. A adesão a esta nova prática esportiva significa um movimento na direção do processo de integração às ações nacionalizadoras.
Educação Física Escolar: entre inquietudes e impertinências
Authors: Correia Walter Roberto
Published: April 2012

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar os conceitos de abordagem de ensino e tendências pedagógicas no campo da Educação Física Escolar. A partir da exploração da literatura especializada, foi possível indagar sobre o grau de consistência interna das teorias pedagógicas produzidas nos anos 80 e 90 do século passado, como propostas sistematizadas para o ensino da Educação Física e suas implicações para o processo de formação docente. Desta forma, é proposto que a partir de uma aproximação acadêmica e profissional, seja possível promover um avanço na direção da sistematização do conhecimento.
Aspectos físicos e mentais na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Parkinson idiopática
Authors: Christofoletti Gustavo , Formiga Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto , Borges Guilherme , Stella Florindo , Damasceno Benito Pereira
Published: April 2012

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio crônico e progressivo, caracterizado pela degeneração de neurônios dopaminérgicos da substantia nigra mesencefálica. A lesão das vias subcorticais, em especial a nigro-estriato-palidal, é particularmente comum e ocasiona uma série de sinais e sintomas incapacitantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) relacionada à saúde de sujeitos com DP e compará-la à de indivíduos controles saudáveis. Foram avaliados 40 sujeitos com idades entre 61 e 83 anos, de ambos os sexos, que foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo Parkinson (n=21), composto por sujeitos com DP idiopática, e grupo controle (n=19), de indivíduos sem distúrbios neurodegenerativos. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a versão brasileira do questionário Brasil SF-36. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância fixado em 1%. Os sujeitos do grupo Parkinson apresentaram escores significativamente mais baixos do que os do grupo controle, tanto no domínio físico quanto no mental, medidos pelo SF-36. Essa baixa QV provavelmente é explicada pela co-ocorrência de fenômenos neurodegenerativos e do sofrimento psíquico gerado pela doença e pelo estigma que ela produz. Abordagens interdisciplinares devem ser estimuladas a pacientes com DP, com o objetivo de melhorar sua qualidade de vida e postergar o declínio físico e mental inerente às condições degenerativas.
Ultra-som terapêutico contínuo térmico em modelo experimental de ciatalgia
Authors: Ciena Adriano Polican , Oliveira Jaques Jean Junqueira , Cunha Núbia Broetto , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: April 2012

O ultra-som é um recurso fisioterapêutico que pode atuar na redução dos sintomas da ciatalgia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do ultra-som terapêutico, no modo contínuo, em duas diferentes densidades de potência (0,5 W/cm² e 1 W/cm²), na redução do quadro álgico em ratos submetidos a modelo experimental de ciatalgia. Foram utilizados 20 ratos, divididos em 3 grupos: G1 (n=6) submetido à ciatalgia e a tratamento placebo; G2 (n=7) submetido à ciatalgia e tratado com ultra-som com 0,5 W/cm²; e G3 (n=7) submetido à ciatalgia e tratado com ultra-som com 1 W/cm². A ciatalgia foi provocada por lesão cirúrgica de compressão do nervo no membro posterior direito de todos os animais. O tratamento na região do procedimento cirúrgico, iniciado no 3º dia pós-operatório, consistiu em 10 sessões diárias de 5 minutos. Verificou-se a dor pelo do tempo de elevação da pata (TEP) durante a marcha, medido pré-cirurgia e em mais cinco momentos. Os resultados mostram aumentos no TEP em todos os grupos após a lesão; e, naqueles tratados com ultra-som terapêutico, houve diminuição significativa da TEP, restaurando-se os valores iniciais, sendo mais precoce e intensa em G2. Conclui-se que a entrega na forma continua do ultra-som terapêutico foi eficaz na redução da dor ciática.
Museologia-Museu e patrimônio, patrimonialização e musealização: ambiência de comunhão
Authors: Lima Diana Farjalla Correia
Published: April 2012

O artigo focaliza um recorte da pesquisa "Termos e Conceitos da Museologia", âmbito da Linguagem de Especialidade, representando teoria e prática de um conhecimento que se expressa sob a forma de comunicação científica (contexto informacional/comunicacional). Sob perspectiva histórica, enfoca o entrelace Museologia-Museu e Patrimônio a partir dos fundamentos da formação do Museu, campo museológico e Patrimônio. Destaca processos de institucionalização de bens culturais (bens simbólicos), isto é, Patrimonialização e Musealização, e as significações construídas, ao longo do tempo, legitimando ações de 'apropriação' por instâncias culturais. O respaldo teórico envolveu estudos da Museologia, teoria comunicativa da terminologia, socioterminologia, teoria da economia dos campos e poder simbólico, Direito e Ciência da Informação. Os objetivos incluíram a identificação e análise das dinâmicas de criação, ressignificação, variação de termos/conceitos, com resultados que também servem à linguagem documentária. A metodologia desenvolveu análise comparada de fontes ligadas às representações e práticas dos cenários museológico, patrimonial e terminológico. Os resultados apontaram uma base comum para a interação entre Museologia e Patrimônio: a imagem divulgando a necessidade de salvaguardar os bens para transmissão às gerações futuras - preservação, consubstanciada no sentido emprestado de ato social ligado à questão das identidades, mas cuja face real é a prática do poder simbólico.
Museologia e patrimônio: encontros e desencontros
Authors: Rangel Marcio Ferreira
Published: April 2012

Ao direcionarmos o olhar para as décadas de 1920 e 1930, podemos verificar os diferentes projetos, apresentados por parte da intelectualidade brasileira, para a área do patrimônio e dos museus. Esta assertiva poder ser confirmada por meio da análise dos diversos projetos e anteprojetos que buscavam normalizá-la. Nesse período, é posta em curso a ideia da construção de um Estado onde as elites têm papel de destaque no encaminhamento da questão política e cultural. Assim, são criados importantes instituições e órgãos, tais como o Museu Histórico Nacional (1922), o Curso de Museus (1932) e a Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais (1934). Tanto o Curso de Museus como a Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais são considerados marcos. O primeiro na institucionalização da Museologia e dos estudos de museus no Brasil. O segundo foi um dos principais antecedentes do Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (SPHAN), atual Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), criado em 1937. O presente artigo pretende lançar luzes nessa discussão ao analisar e problematizar o papel desempenhado por diferentes atores no processo de formação e configuração das áreas da Museologia e do Patrimônio, enfatizando as convergências e divergências existentes em suas trajetórias.
La metáfora como principio estético en el arte prehispánico del noroeste argentino
Authors: Bovisio María Alba
Published: April 2012

En el presente trabajo se plantean una serie de hipótesis respecto a la metáfora como principio estético que rige el funcionamiento simbólico de un tipo específico de piezas que corresponden al Período Medio del noroeste argentino (400-900 d.C.). Consideramos que el funcionamiento metafórico no se restringe a la configuración icónica sino a la experiencia que se tiene de los objetos en determinados contextos. Se analiza el caso de procesos metafóricos que involucran la relación hombre-felinos en objetos poco trabajados hasta el presente y de los que se conservan pocos ejemplares: se trata de vasos de piedra y de un mango de hacha de madera, que por sus características suponemos que eran utilizados en rituales en los que los hombres se sacralizaban en función del poder político religioso.
Influence of environmental factors on benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban streams in Vereda habitats, Central Brazil
Authors: Souto Renata de Moura Guimaraes , Facure Kátia Gomes , Pavanin Luis Alfredo , Jacobucci Giuliano Buzá
Published: April 2012

AIM: Veredas and the aquatic and semi-aquatic communities play a key role in watershed protection in the Cerrado Biome. Information about the effects of physical and chemical variables and habitat integrity on benthic communities has been increased in recent years; however, there is no study evaluating the influence of urbanization on macroinvertebrates of Vereda streams. Thus, improving the knowledge of the relationship between abiotic properties and benthic fauna is very important for understanding the functioning of ecological processes and health of aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the influence of physical and chemical variables on benthic macroinvertebrate communities along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance in four Vereda streams in Uberlândia (MG), one in a preserved area and three in the urban area; METHODS: samplings were collected during the dry and rainy seasons; RESULTS: principal component analysis separated the stream in the preserved area from those in the urban area by having lower values of BOD, COD, sediment size, conductivity, detergents, pH, deposited solids and total dissolved solids. Pollution sensitive groups (e.g., Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) were associated to the stream in the preserved area, and more tolerant groups (e.g., Chironomidae and Oligochaeta) had greater abundance in the streams of the urban area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that dissolved oxygen, conductivity, BOD, oil and grease, and turbidity explained 56% of the variance in the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates; CONCLUSIONS: Benthic communities of Vereda streams in urban areas in the Cerrado Biome seem to be highly affected by human activities that increase water organic pollution and sedimentation.
Influence of processing variables on the mechanical behavior of spheroidal graphite cast iron
Authors: Swain Susanta K. , Mishra Subash C. , Sen Sudipta
Published: April 2012

The mechanical properties achievable from spheroidal iron castings are adequate for a very wide range of applications. Apart from mechanical properties, a number of other characteristics such as density, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific heat, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, and acoustic properties are also of considerable importance. Efforts are being made to improve all these properties. In the present investigation, five melts of SGI castings (M1 to M5) were prepared by standard foundry procedure and practices. The mechanical behavior of spheroidal graphite iron (SGI) castings was studied as a function of processing variables. It is found that the mechanical properties (viz. Tensile strength, Yield strength, Elongation, Impact resistance, etc) for a given chemical composition are highly dependent on processing variables (i.e. pouring temperature, preconditioning of base iron, inoculation practice, and molding materials). SGI castings are produced and tested as per ASTM 395 specifications. From the results, it is found that with varying processing conditions, the mechanical properties have been improved to a great extent; that is, the UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength), YS (Yield Strength), EL(Elongation), and impact strength (at −20°C). The UTS has improved to 475·41 MPa; YS is also enhanced to 316·94 MPa; elongation has increased to 18%, but there is reduction in impact strength.
Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and Y junctions by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Qian Dali , Andrews Rodney , Weisenberger Matthew , Meier Mark S.
Published: April 2012

Well-aligned nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by pyrolysis of acetonitrile and ferrocene mixtures at relative low temperatures (from 500°C to 850°C), which has potential field-emission applications. The effects of chemical vapor deposition parameters such as reaction temperatures and carrier gas on the derived nanotube yield, morphology, and doped N have been systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). It is found that the nanotube yield, average length, and diameter increase with reaction temperatures. However, higher reaction temperature (above 800°C) reduces the doped-N concentration resulting in gaseous nitrogen encapsulated within nanotube cores. Using N 2 carriage gas instead of Ar promotes the formation of Y junctions at 800°C, whereas the introduction of 10% H 2 results in the promotion of uniform small-diameter nanotubes with a higher nanotube yield. Spatially resolved EELS studies reveal a higher pyridine-like N concentration in the tube core region and a lower N doping at the tube wall, which is because of dangling bonds at the open fringes in the tube inner cores.
Rural and Micropolitan Residence and Mortality in Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Maripuri Saugar , Arbogast Patrick , Ikizler T. Alp , Cavanaugh Kerri L.
Published: April 2012

Background and objectives

Micropolitan and rural patients face challenges when initiating dialysis, including healthcare access. Previous studies have shown little association of nonurban residence with dialysis outcomes but have not examined the association of dialysis modality with residence location.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This retrospective cohort study used data from the U.S. Renal Data System. Adults who initiated maintenance dialysis between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007, were classified as rural, micropolitan, or urban. Early and long-term mortality and kidney transplantation were examined with Cox regression stratified by dialysis modality.

Results

Of 204,463 patients, 80% were urban; 10.2%, micropolitan; and 9.8%, rural. Micropolitan and rural patients were older, were less racially diverse, had more comorbid conditions, and were more likely to start peritoneal dialysis (PD). Median follow-up was 2.0 years. Early mortality or long-term hemodialysis (HD) mortality did not significantly differ by geographic residence. After adjustment, micropolitan and rural PD patients had higher risk for long-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.35] and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01–1.24], respectively) than urban PD patients. After adjustment, kidney transplantation was more likely in micropolitan and rural HD patients (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11–1.28] and 1.30 [CI, 1.21–1.40]) than urban HD patients, and micropolitan PD patients (HR, 1.31 [95%, CI 1.13–1.51]) than urban PD patients.

Conclusions

Micropolitan and rural residence is associated with higher mortality in PD patients and similar or higher likelihood of kidney transplantation among HD and PD patients. Studies examining the underlying mechanisms of these associations are warranted.
Equal-order Finite Elements for the Hydrostatic Stokes Problem
Authors: Kimmritz Madlen , Braack Malte
Published: April 2012

Simulation of flow phenomena in the ocean and in other large but
relatively flat basins are typically based on the so-called
primitive equations, which, among others, result from application of
the hydrostatic approximation. The crucial premise for this
approximation is the dominance of the hydrostatic balance over
remaining vertical flow phenomena in large but flat domains, which
leads to a decomposition of the three-dimensional (3D) pressure
field into a hydrostatic part and an only two-dimensional (2D)
hydrodynamic part. The former pressure can be obtained by solving
Ordinary Differential Equations. The latter one is determined by a
2D elliptic problem which can be solved quite efficiently. The
velocity field remains three dimensional. However, its vertical
component can be eliminated from the dynamic system. In this work,
we analyze such "2.5-dimensional" (2.5D) Stokes systems and
formulate stabilized finite element schemes with equal-order
interpolation. The absence of a discrete inf-sup condition is
compensated by introducing additional terms into the discrete
variational form. We show stability and give an a priori error
estimate for several established stabilized equal-order schemes, as
pressure-stabilized Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG), Galerkin least squares
(GLS) and local projection schemes (LPS) which are extended here to
the hydrostatic approximation. The basic assumption we need is a
certain property of the underlying 3D mesh. We illustrate the order
of convergence of the 2.5D problem by numerical examples and
demonstrate the effect of the hydrostatic approximation in
comparison to the full 3D problem.
Foal Rejection - Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in Mares
Authors: Żurek Urszula , Danek Janusz
Published: April 2012

Foal Rejection - Characteristics and Therapy of Inadequate Maternal Behaviour in Mares

The bond between the mare and her newborn foal is usually a strong one. However, some factors can lead to aberrations of maternal behaviour. Failure to protect and nurse the foal is defined as foal rejection. With a long period of gestation and increasingly high value of foals, foal rejection causes severe losses to breeders. Horse owners and breeders should have knowledge of risk factors, types, prevention rules and treatment of inadequate maternal behaviour. In the case of foal rejection it is important to use fostering techniques in raising such foals.
Clinical and Radiological Investigation of Thoracic Spine Extension Motion During Bilateral Arm Elevation
Authors: Edmondston Stephen , Ferguson Andrij , Ippersiel Patrick , Ronningen Lars , Sodeland Stig , Barclay Luke
Published: April 2012

Study Design

Single-cohort laboratory-based study.

Objectives

To measure thoracic spine extension motion during bilateral arm elevation using functional radiography and photographic image analysis.

Background

Impairment of thoracic spine extension motion may impact shoulder girdle function. Motion of the thoracic spine during arm movement has not been directly measured using functional radiographic analysis.

Methods

In 21 asymptomatic men, thoracic kyphosis was measured in neutral standing and in end-range bilateral arm elevation, using lateral radiographs and photographic image analysis. Using both measurement techniques, the difference in thoracic kyphosis between the 2 body positions was used to quantify the range of extension motion of the thoracic spine. Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the agreement between measurement techniques. The relationship between the amount of thoracic kyphosis in neutral standing and kyphosis in full bilateral arm elevation was also examined.

Results

The mean ± SD increase in thoracic extension with bilateral arm elevation was 12.8° ± 7.6° and 10.5° ± 4.4°, when measured from the radiographs and photographs, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the radiographic and photographic measurements of the amount of thoracic kyphosis measured in neutral posture (r = 0.71, P<.01) and for the kyphosis measured in full bilateral arm elevation (r = 0.79, P<.001). The mean difference between the 2 measurement techniques was 2.1° for kyphosis measured in neutral posture and 0.5° when measured in full bilateral arm elevation. The thoracic kyphosis angle measured in neutral posture was strongly correlated with the thoracic kyphosis angle measured in full bilateral arm elevation when measured with both radiographic (r = 0.80, P<.001) and photographic (r = 0.84, P<.001) techniques.

Conclusion

In asymptomatic men, bilateral arm elevation is associated with movement of the thoracic spine toward extension, but the amount of movement is variable among individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):861–869, Epub 20 April 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4164
Importance of nasal endoscopy for the evaluation of epistaxis
Authors: Ray Ritam , Mukherjee Manoj , Dutta Manotosh , Neogi Mousumi , Gayen Ganesh Chandra
Published: April 2012

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nasal endoscopy in cases of epistaxis.Study design: Prospective study Setting: Department of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan, India.Method: 118 patients with epistaxis presented in the Department of ENT, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan were evaluated with the help of nasal endoscope to find out the hidden cause of epistaxis.Conclusion: Significant pathology was detected in 88 cases (69%) out of 118 cases of epistaxis. Moreover, endoscope guided biopsy was taken in suspected cases and managed according to histopathology report.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10408Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 11-15
Symptomatology and allergen types in patients presenting with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nepali R , Sigdel B , Baniya P
Published: April 2012

Allergic rhinitis, despite its complex patho-physiology, is a global health problem with the increasing prevalence. The current study which was conducted at one of the tertiary care center in the country comprised of 548 diagnosed cases of allergic rhinitis and thus treated during the period extending from January 2010 to June 2011. In the study, males and females were almost equally distributed, constituting the ratio of 1:0.9. Among them, the patients from 20 29 year of age group was the most commonly affected (38.1%). In our study most of the patients were housewives (30.3%) and the house dusts mites (76.3%), was the most common etiological factors. Majority of the patients presented with sneezing (86.7%) as the chief complaint. Of the total subjects, 18.6% presented with co-morbidity of allergic conjunctivitis and 8.9% with that of sinusitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10411  Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 30-35
Carcinoma larynx in a 10-year-old girl: a rare clinical entity
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Ahmad Shaikh Muniruddin , Huda Md Mahmudul
Published: April 2012

Childhood carcinoma larynx is a very rare clinical entity. A girl of 10 year-old presented with persistent and progressive sore throat with dysphagia, change of voice and respiratory distress with stridor which needed tracheostomy and nasogastric tube feeding. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed exophytic growth involving the epiglottis and ary-epiglottic folds, restricted movement of hemilarynx and compromised airway. Biopsies were positive for squamous cell carcinoma. The malnourished cachectic poor patient was referred for receiving radiotherapy. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis since consequences of late diagnosis are very serious. This report underscores the need for prompt evaluation of children with persistent and progressive sore throat with dysphagia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10422  Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 68-73
Isolated chondrosarcoma of frontal sinus
Authors: Rajat Goel , Mandal PK , Sengupta S , Bera SP
Published: April 2012

An uncommon case of chondrosarcoma involving frontal sinus is presented. Pertinent literature is reviewed to emphasize the management of this tumor at unusual site.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10425  Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 81-83
Intraspecific cytotypic variation and complicated genetic structure in the Phlox amabilis–P. woodhousei (Polemoniaceae) complex
Authors: Fehlberg Shannon D. , Ferguson Carolyn J.
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Polyploidy is widely recognized as an important process in the evolution of plants, but less attention has been paid to the study of intraspecific polyploidy, including its prevalence, formation, taxonomic implications, and effect on genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow within and among individuals and populations. Here we studied intraspecific ploidy level variation in the Phlox amabilis–P. woodhousei complex to determine the amount and distribution of cytotypic and genetic variation present and measure the extent of gene flow among species, cytotypes, and populations.

• Methods: Flow cytometry and microsatellite analyses were used to ascertain cytotypic variation, genetic diversity, and population structure within and among eight populations of P. amabilis and 10 populations of P. woodhousei from Arizona and New Mexico.

• Key results: Our analyses support the recognition of P. amabilis and P. woodhousei as two distinct species. Both species exhibit cytotypic variation with geographically structured diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations, and genetic analyses suggest a combination of auto‐ and allopolyploidy in their formation. Diploid, tetraploid, and most hexaploid populations within species share much of their genetic variation, while some hexaploid populations are genetically distinct. All populations maintain moderately high genetic diversity and connectivity, and genetic structure is strongly influenced by geography.

• Conclusions: This study highlights the potential for complicated patterns of genetic variation relative to cytotypic variation and provides evidence for the role of cytotypic variation and geographic isolation in shaping diversity, differentiation, and potentially speciation in the P. amabilis–P. woodhousei complex.
La notation souveraine
Authors: Gaillard Norbert
Published: April 2012

La notation souveraine se met en place progressivement au début du xx esiècle. De plus en plus d’États émettent des titres obligataires et entrent donc dans cette logique de notation. Les investisseurs en sont les premiers usagers. Les critères de la notation sont divers, et la qualité des analyses des grandes agences est aujourd’hui critiquée : le prisme « occidental » de ces analyses leur aurait interdit d’anticiper les incidents de paiement des pays industrialisés.
Élections et mobilisations dans l'Égypte post-Moubarak
Authors: Rougier Bernard
Published: April 2012

En Égypte, l’armée a usé de tout son poids pour éviter l’émergence de forces susceptibles de remettre en cause sa prééminence. Les débats des derniers mois ont porté sur le timing des élections et sur les pouvoirs de la future Assemblée. La plus grande surprise des législatives a été le succès des salafistes. Quant aux Frères musulmans, au pouvoir grâce aux élections et au compromis passé avec l’armée, ils vont devoir se confronter aux nombreux défis internes et externes du pays.
Iraniens et Saoudiens à l'épreuve des révoltes arabes
Authors: Djalili Mohammad-Reza , Therme Clément
Published: April 2012

À partir d’une même défiance vis-à-vis des éruptions démocratiques mais reposant sur des intérêts spécifiques et des relations opposées avec Washington, les jugements de Téhéran et de Riyad sur les révolutions arabes divergent fortement. D’où une véritable « guerre froide » entre les deux capitales, avec toutes les conséquences imaginables pour la région, en particulier en Irak ou en Syrie. Les deux logiques conservatrices sont ainsi mises en cause, en interne et dans leur diplomatie régionale.
Occident/monde arabe : une nouvelle donne géopolitique
Authors: Charillon Frédéric
Published: April 2012

Les soulèvements dans le monde arabe en 2011 n’ont pas été anticipés par les pays occidentaux. Ces derniers doivent maintenant analyser les bouleversements qui ont eu lieu, en comprendre les causes et les conséquences. En se livrant à des exercices de prospective, au sujet notamment de l’évolution possible des mouvements islamistes, ils pourront adopter une nouvelle diplomatie qui leur permettra de renouer pleinement avec le monde arabe.
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Impairs Primary Antibody Responses but Spares Existing Humoral Immunity in Mice
Authors: Oropallo Michael A. , Held Katherine S. , Goenka Radhika , Ahmad Sifat A. , O’Neill Patrick J. , Steward Oswald , Lane Thomas E. , Cancro Michael P.
Published: April 2012

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in immune depression. To better understand how injury inhibits humoral immunity, the effects of chronic thoracic SCI on B cell development and immune responses to thymus-independent type 2 and thymus-dependent Ags were determined. Mice received complete crush injury or control laminectomy at either thoracic level 3, which disrupts descending autonomic control of the spleen, or at thoracic level 9, which conserves most splenic sympathetic activity. Although mature B cell numbers were only mildly reduced, bone marrow B cell production was transiently but profoundly depressed immediately after injury. Despite the return of normal B cell production 4 wk after SCI, mice receiving thoracic level 3 injury showed a significant reduction in their ability to mount primary thymus-independent type 2 or thymus-dependent immune responses. The latter were marked by decreases in germinal center B cells as well as class-switched high-affinity Ab-secreting cells. Importantly, injury did not affect affinity maturation per se, pre-existing B cell memory, or secondary humoral immune responses. Taken together, these findings show that chronic high thoracic SCI impairs the ability to mount optimal Ab responses to new antigenic challenges, but spares previously established humoral immunity.