bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresistance peculiarities and magnetization of materials with two kinds of superconducting inclusions
Authors: Shevtsova O. N.
Published: May 2018

Low-temperature properties of a crystal containing type I superconducting inclusions of two different materials have been studied. In the approximation assuming that the inclusions size is much smaller than the coherence length/penetration depth of the magnetic field, the theory of magnetoresistance of a crystal containing spherical superconducting inclusions of two different materials has been developed, and magnetization of crystals has been calculated. The obtained results can be used for correct explanation of the low temperature conductivity in binary and more complex semiconductors, in which precipitation of the superconducting phase is possible during the technological processing or under external impact.
Do Teachers Facilitate the Strategies their Pupils Need?
Authors: Hrozková Ivana
Published: May 2018

Learner strategies play an important and unique role in second or foreign language teaching and learning. Knowledge of effective steps and techniques helps pupils reach better study results and become more independent and autonomous learners. The role of a teacher shifts and changes in autonomous learning; rather than a teacher, he or she is a consultant, helper and facilitator of learner strategies. The study brings an insight into strategic teaching of 13 Czech teachers who taught 202 pupils with completed primary education and who also focused on the strategies teachers facilitate, but their pupils do not apply. The study aims at a model of strategy facilitation which helps teachers implement strategy-based teaching into a foreign language curriculum. The article also aspires to address teachers of different subjects as giving advice on learning to learn plays a vital role in teaching. Furthermore, learner strategies are an important part of competence to learn, which helps teachers to understand why some learners are more successful than their peers.
Friedrich II., ein Sizilianer auf dem Kaiserthron?
Authors: Houben Hubert
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:

Il contributo esamina la tesi di Olaf Rader, secondo cui l’imperatore Federico II, nato in Italia e cresciuto in Sicilia, sarebbe stato „durch und durch Sizilianer“ (del tutto siciliano), come aveva sostenuto nella seconda metà del sec. XIX Leopold von Ranke e di conseguenza „il primo straniero sul trono tedesco“, come scrisse poi Johannes Haller nella prima metà del Novecento. Secondo tale interpretazione, egli avrebbe dato priorità al regno di Sicilia, ereditato dalla madre Costanza d’Altavilla, e trascurato invece l’impero romano-tedesco, diversamente da suo nonno Federico I Barbarossa. Questa tesi risulta poco convincente perché attribuendo a Federico II una chiara identità siciliana si trascura il fatto che egli, trasferitosi in Germania all’età di 17 anni e rimanendovi per otto, si immerse in un contesto del tutto tedesco, riappropriandosi delle sue radici sveve. Inoltre Federico II difese accanitamente gli interessi dell’impero romano-tedesco contro il papato e i comuni settentrionali, mettendo le ingenti risorse economiche del regno di Sicilia al servizio delle sue azioni militari. Essendo a quell’epoca particolarmente importante la presenza fisica del sovrano per l’azione di governo, Federico ovviò alla sua assenza nelle zone d’oltralpe, prive di strutture amministrative paragonabili a quelle italiane, delegando i suoi figli – Enrico (VII) prima e Corrado IV poi – a rappresentarlo in Germania. La tesi di un Federico II come „il siciliano sul trono imperiale“ non convince perché è basata su concetti otto- e novecenteschi quali popolo, nazione e identità nazionali che mal si adattano al Medioevo.
Die Causa Lutheri in der Pönitentiarie
Authors: Schmugge Ludwig
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:

Nei registri della Penitenzieria apostolica, l’organo pontificio in materia di penitenza, confessione e grazia, il nome di „Lutero“ appare in numerose suppliche provenienti dai territori tedeschi. I testi non risalgono al riformatore, ma furono prodotti da contemporanei coinvolti, in un modo o l’altro, in eventi che vengono messi in relazione con la presenza di Lutero nell’Impero germanico. Si tratta in massima parte di „squarci su vite modeste“ (Arnold Esch). Tuttavia, vi hanno lasciato traccia anche alcuni tra i più importanti avversari del monaco di Wittenberg (Johannes Fabri, Konrad Kling e Johannes Debneck, detto Cochleus).
Das Präzedenzrecht des Praefectus Urbis
Authors: Becker Rotraud
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:

Nel 1631 papa Urbano VIII conferì al suo nipote Taddeo Barberini il titolo di Praefectus Urbis, di cui erano stati insigniti a partire dal 1435 anche altri nipoti secolari dei papi, elevando perciò lui e la sua famiglia al rango principesco. Come segno esteriore della sua posizione di rilievo egli avrebbe dovuto occupare, nel cerimoniale pontificio, il primo posto tra i dignitari secolari, ottenendo in tal modo la precedenza sui rappresentanti delle potenze a Roma. La disposizione provocò l’opposizione nella maggior parte dei principi che ordinarono ai loro diplomatici di non partecipare più alle cerimonie papali, e in particolare alle processioni solenni e le messe celebrate nella Cappella Sistina. Una via per imporre il nuovo ordine gerarchico sarebbe potuta essere quella di far leva sull’imperatore, il quale si trovava in serie difficoltà a causa delle vittorie svedesi, per convincerlo a chiedere al suo ambasciatore di dare la precedenza al prefetto urbano. Se ci si fosse riusciti, tutti gli altri rappresentanti diplomatici sarebbero dovuti adeguarsi. A lungo la casata Barberini tentò di indurre Ferdinando II a fare questo passo, ricorrendo all’aiuto dei nunzi, a lettere lusinghiere, promesse, doni dissimulati, all’azione persuasiva di consiglieri imperiali e parenti, ma fin dall’inizio la corte imperiale era decisa di non agire senza prima accordarsi con la Francia e la Spagna. Pertanto il progetto era destinato al fallimento, perché la resistenza francese era scontata e ben nota; si evitò però, sulla base di alterne motivazioni, di dare una risposta negativa definitiva. Dai rapporti dei nunzi emerge inoltre che Ferdinando II, pur non volendo accettare un cerimoniale pontificio in cui i rappresentanti dell’imperatore e dell’Impero sarebbero stati retrocessi, si mostrava comunque attento a non inasprire le tensioni già esistenti. Si intendeva dunque risolvere il problema rinviando, anzi astenendosi consapevolmente da ogni decisione, ma tale atteggiamento provocò ulteriori malumori e portò alla brusca fine della carriera di un nunzio. E, soprattutto, finì a danneggiare la reputazione del papato anche nei territori cattolici dell’Impero.
Hygiene, Rasse und Zukunftstechnik. Paolo Mantegazzas Beiträge zur Italianità
Authors: Kosuch Carolin
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:

Il contributo è concepito come caso studio sul raccordo tra il movimento igienista e cremazionista italiano nel XIX secolo da una parte e il nazionalismo italiano nato in epoca risorgimentale dall’altra. Si dimostra che l’idea dell’italianità, considerata finora piuttosto sul piano linguistico e culturale, era altrettanto inerente al progetto di una modernità basata sulle scienze naturali. Il paradigma delle scienze naturali, corrente all’epoca, si diffuse in prima linea attraverso le opere divulgative e belletristiche dell’antropologo e medico Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910). Mantegazza si sentiva investito, accanto ai suoi colleghi, di contribuire alla formazione del „carattere italiano“ e di creare – con i propri strumenti – l’uomo nuovo che, libero da ogni infermità fisica e sano sul piano mentale e psicologico, si sarebbe distinto per la sua produttività e la sua cultura avanzata. La sua visione era permeata da idee eugeniche estreme che contemplavano anche l’annientamento delle „vite indegne di vita“ in un crematorio.
A proposito di Nationes a Roma in età moderna: provenienza, appartenenza culturale, integrazione sociale
Authors: Fosi Irene
Published: May 2018

Der Beitrag behandelt neuere Studien zum Thema der nationes im frühneuzeitlichen Rom in jüngeren Studien. Er bezieht sich auf Forschungen angesehener ausländischer Einrichtungen wie der Bibliotheca Hertziana, Studien italienischer und ausländischer Wissenschaftler, die an einem von der römischen Accademia di Ungheria organisierten Studientag teilgenommen hatten, aber auch auf Untersuchungen einzelner Wissenschaftler. Alle behandeln nicht nur die künstlerischen Perspektiven, dieser nationalen Einrichtungen – Kirchen, Bruderschaften, Kollegien –, sondern analysieren auch deren Rolle als soziale, kulturelle und politische Aggregations- und Integrationsorte, die sie in dem komplexen römischen Umfeld ausgefüllt haben. Eine eindeutige Definition der Begriffe natio und Nationalkirche bleibt dabei schwierig, vor allem dann, wenn in den Einrichtungen Personen und Gruppen aus entfernten Territorien und Grenzregionen zusammenkamen. Vor diesem vielschichtigen Hintergrund fehlt es ferner noch an einer vertieften Erörterung der Nationalkollegien, die eine Missions- und Beherbergungsfunktion in sich vereinten.
Zwischen München und Rom
Authors: Ferber Magnus Ulrich
Published: May 2018

Riassunto:

Il carteggio del gesuita Matthäus Rader, nato nella Germania meridionale, rappresenta non solo una fonte importante per lo studio della storia culturale bavarese, ma offre anche un’importante testimonianza per il transfer culturale tra l’Italia e la Germania all’inizio del XVII secolo. I suoi progetti editoriali sia filologici che storici spesso necessitavano, nel contesto delle procedure di censura interne all’ordine, dell’approvazione da parte della curia generalizia. Da ciò derivava un regolare scambio epistolare con la Città eterna che apriva a Rader l’accesso a manoscritti rari, conservati a Roma, e lo metteva in contatto con i bibliotecari locali. Tali rapporti facevano di lui un importante interlocutore per viaggiatori diretti da Roma verso la Baviera, ad esempio Leone Allacci, il quale nel 1623 avrebbe dovuto trasferire i fondi della Palatina in Italia. La posizione di Rader come storiografo ufficiale della corte bavarese comportava che egli propagasse a Roma la visione storica del suo committente, il duca Massimiliano I. Il contrasto provocato da Abraham Bzowski con Massimiliano per la rappresentazione dell’imperatore Ludovico IV nei suoi Annales ecclesiastici portò Rader sull’orlo di un conflitto con il preposito generale dei gesuiti, Vitelleschi; in tale cornice si concepì piuttosto come attore sullo sfondo della politica culturale bavarese.
Validity of Visual Assessment of Sit to Stand After Hip Fracture
Authors: Zablotny Cynthia , Hilton Tiffany , Riek Linda , Kneiss Janet , Tome Joshua , Houck Jeff
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:

When treating older adults post-hip fracture, physical therapists routinely assess the sit-to-stand (STS) task using observational analysis. Studies have demonstrated that significant movement asymmetries in ground reaction force production of the fractured lower limb persist during STS, even though individuals may rise independently. To date, the validity of therapist judgments of lower limb force during STS has not been addressed. The purpose of this observational cohort study was to determine the accuracy of physical therapists' observational assessments of STS for detecting the involved limb and its ground reaction force contribution in older adults post-hip fracture.

Methods:

Eighteen home health physical therapists assessed 10 videotapes of older adults post-hip fracture rising from sitting and judged the side of involvement and the amount of ground reaction force generated by the fractured lower limb. Each videotape was synchronized with its respective force data. A wide spectrum of asymmetry in rising was represented in the test videos. Before making these judgments, the therapists viewed a separate set of training videos and received instructions in the use of specific visual cues to assist with subsequent judgments.

Results and Discussion:

Therapists judged the involved side correctly 74% of the time. Mean accuracy in judging ground reaction force output was 39% across all therapists. Force symmetry did not significantly influence accuracy of force judgments. Inaccurate judgments of force may limit therapeutic intensity and minimize the potential for developing motor strategies that favor force production of the involved limb. Augmenting observational analysis of STS with quantitative data could assist in optimizing restorative function.

Conclusion:

Judgments of lower limb ground reaction force output during STS based on observation alone are not valid and may need to be supplemented with quantitative data.
Comparison of Psychological and Physiological Responses to Imposed vs. Self-selected High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Kellogg Erin , Cantacessi Cheyann , McNamer Olivia , Holmes Heather , von Bargen Robert , Ramirez Richard , Gallagher Daren , Vargas Stacy , Santia Ben , Rodriguez Karen , Astorino Todd A.
Published: May 2018

Kellogg, E, Cantacessi, C, McNamer, O, Holmes, H, von Bargen, R, Ramirez, R, Gallagher, D, Vargas, S, Santia, B, Rodriguez, K, and Astorino, TA. Comparison of psychological and physiological responses to imposed vs. self-selected high-intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2945–2952, 2019—High-intensity interval training elicits similar physiological adaptations as moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Some studies report greater enjoyment to a bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. MICT, which is surprising considering that HIIE is more intense and typically imposed on the participant. This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between imposed and self-selected HIIE. Fourteen adults (age = 24 ± 3 years) unfamiliar with HIIE initially performed ramp exercise to exhaustion to measure maximal oxygen uptake (Vo
2max) followed by 2 subsequent sessions whose order was randomized. Imposed HIIE consisted of eight 60 seconds bouts at 80 percent peak power output (%PPO) separated by 60 seconds recovery at 10 %PPO. Self-selected HIIE (HIIESS) followed the same structure, but participants freely selected intensity in increments of 10 %PPO to achieve a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ≥7. During exercise, heart rate, Vo
2, blood lactate concentration (BLa), affect (+5 to −5), and RPE were assessed. Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale was measured after exercise. Results showed higher Vo
2 (+10%, p = 0.013), BLa (p = 0.001), and RPE (p = 0.001) in HIIESS vs. HIIEIMP, and lower affect (p = 0.01), and enjoyment (87.6 ± 15.7 vs. 95.7 ± 11.7, p = 0.04). There was a significantly higher power output in self-selected vs. imposed HIIE (263.9 ± 81.4 W vs. 225.2 ± 59.6 W, p < 0.001). Data suggest that intensity mediates affective responses rather than the mode of HIIE performed by the participant.
The Relationship Between Asymmetry and Athletic Performance: A Critical Review
Authors: Maloney Sean J.
Published: May 2018

Maloney, SJ. The relationship between asymmetry and athletic performance: A critical review. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2579–2593, 2019—Symmetry may be defined as the quality to demonstrate an exact correspondence of size, shape, and form when split along a given axis. Although it has been widely asserted that the bilateral asymmetries are detrimental to athletic performance, research does not wholly support such an association. Moreover, the research rarely seeks to distinguish between different types of bilateral asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetries describe bilateral differences in anthropometric attributes, such as nostril width and ear size, and are thought to represent the developmental stability of an organism. There is evidence to suggest that fluctuating asymmetries may be related to impaired athletic performance, although contradictory findings have been reported. Sporting asymmetries is a term that may better describe bilateral differences in parameters, such as force output or jump height. These asymmetries are likely to be a function of limb dominance and magnified by long-standing participation within sport. Sporting asymmetries do not seem to carry a clear influence on athletic performance measures. Given the vast discrepancy in the methodologies used by different investigations, further research is warranted. Recent investigations have demonstrated that training interventions can reduce sporting asymmetries and improve performance. However, studies have not sought to determine whether the influence of sporting asymmetry is independent of improvements in neuromuscular parameters. It may be hypothesized that the deficient (weaker) limb has a greater potential for adaptation in comparison to the strong limb and may demonstrate greater responsiveness to training.
Improving the Signal-To-Noise Ratio When Monitoring Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Kennedy Rodney A. , Drake David
Published: May 2018

Kennedy, RA and Drake, D. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio when monitoring countermovement jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 85–90, 2021—Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance has been routinely used to monitor neuromuscular status. However, the protocol used to establish the criterion score is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to examine how the protocol used would influence of the sensitivity of CMJ variables in rugby union players. Fifteen male (age: 19.7 ± 0.5 years) rugby union players performed 8 CMJs on 2 occasions, separated by 7 days. The between-session coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated using 2 techniques for treating multiple trials, the average, and the trial with the best jump height (JH), and then compared with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The signal-to-noise ratio was measured as the group mean change in a variable divided by the CV. Using the average value across multiple trials is superior to the best trial method, based on lower CVs for all variables. Only the average performance across 6 or more trials was classified as ideal (CV < 0.5 × SWC) for peak velocity (PV). In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio for peak concentric power (PCP), PV, and JH were classified as good, irrespective of the treatment method. Although increasing the number of trials can reduce the random error, it may be pragmatic to simply take the average from 2 to 3 trials, facilitating a CV < SWC for PV, PCP, and JH. Due to its simplicity, JH may be considered the principal variable to monitor neuromuscular fatigue.
Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography under moderate sedation for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sherifi Ines , Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Varghese Mithun , Weiner Menachem , Anyanwu Ani , Kovacic Jason C. , Sharma Samin , Kini Annapoorna , Sengupta Partho P.
Published: May 2018

The optimal periprocedural imaging strategy during transcathether aortic valve replacement (TAVR) performed under moderate sedation is debated. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) provides suboptimal views due to poorer resolution and patient positioning, whereas use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under moderate sedation is not widely utilized. The aim of our study was to compare the value of TTE in comparison with TEE guidance under moderate sedation during TAVR. The study population included 144 consecutive patients (mean age 83 ± 11 years, 78 (54%) females) who had TAVR under moderate sedation using either a TTE (n = 96) or TEE (n = 48). We compared procedural outcomes using propensity score matching. There were no significant inter-group differences in age, sex, ejection fraction, aortic valve area, pressure gradients, creatinine or type of valve used. The procedural time was significantly shorter in the TEE group (P < 0.001) and associated with a lower need for periprocedural aortograms (7.7 ± 1.9 vs 8.2 ± 1.9, P = 0.022) and a lower occurrence of acute kidney injury (1 vs 11, P = 0.047). The 1:1 propensity score matching also showed a lower procedural time (P = 0.032), number of aortograms (P = 0.014) and a trend toward lower acute kidney injury in the TEE group (P = 0.077). TAVR guidance using TEE is associated with a lower fluoroscopic time, a lower need for additional aortograms and trend in lower occurrence of post-TAVR acute kidney injury.
Gene expression profiling of the SCN in young and old rhesus macaques
Authors: Eghlidi Dominique H , Luna Selva L , Brown Donald I , Garyfallou Vasilios T , Kohama Steven G , Urbanski Henryk F
Published: May 2018

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the location of a master circadian pacemaker. It receives photic signals from the environment via the retinal hypothalamic tract, which play a key role in synchronizing the body’s endogenously generated circadian rhythms with the 24-h rhythm of the environment. Therefore, it is plausible that age-related changes within the SCN contribute to the etiology of perturbed activity–rest cycles that become prevalent in humans during aging. To test this hypothesis, we used gene arrays and quantitative RT-PCR to profile age-related gene expression changes within the SCN of male rhesus macaques – a pragmatic translational animal model of human aging, which similarly displays an age-related attenuation of daytime activity levels. As expected, the SCN showed high expression of arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calbindin and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (NR1D1) (also known as reverse strand of ERBA (REV-ERBα), both at the mRNA and protein level. However, no obvious difference was detected between the SCNs of young (7–12 years) and old animals (21–26 years), in terms of the expression of core clock genes or genes associated with SCN signaling and neurotransmission. These data demonstrate the resilience of the primate SCN to normal aging, at least at the transcriptional level and, at least in males, suggest that age-related disruption of activity–rest cycles in humans may instead stem from changes within other components of the circadian system, such as desynchronization of subordinate oscillators in other parts of the body.
40 YEARS of IGF1: Understanding the tissue-specific roles of IGF1/IGF1R in regulating metabolism using the Cre/loxP system
Authors: Kineman Rhonda D , del Rio-Moreno Mercedes , Sarmento-Cabral André
Published: May 2018

It is clear that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is important in supporting growth and regulating metabolism. The IGF1 found in the circulation is primarily produced by the liver hepatocytes, but healthy mature hepatocytes do not express appreciable levels of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Therefore, the metabolic actions of IGF1 are thought to be mediated via extra-hepatocyte actions. Given the structural and functional homology between IGF1/IGF1R and insulin receptor (INSR) signaling, and the fact that IGF1, IGF1R and INSR are expressed in most tissues of the body, it is difficult to separate out the tissue-specific contributions of IGF1/IGF1R in maintaining whole body metabolic function. To circumvent this problem, over the last 20 years, investigators have taken advantage of the Cre/loxP system to manipulate IGF1/IGF1R in a tissue-dependent, and more recently, an age-dependent fashion. These studies have revealed that IGF1/IGF1R can alter extra-hepatocyte function to regulate hormonal inputs to the liver and/or alter tissue-specific carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to alter nutrient flux to liver, where these actions are not mutually exclusive, but serve to integrate the function of all tissues to support the metabolic needs of the organism.
Initiation of follicular atresia: gene networks during early atresia in pig ovaries
Authors: Zhang Jinbi , Liu Yang , Yao Wang , Li Qifa , Liu Honglin , Pan Zengxiang
Published: May 2018

In mammals, more than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo a degenerative process known as atresia. The molecular events involved in atresia initiation remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to analyze differential gene expression profiles of medium antral ovarian follicles during early atresia in pig. The transcriptome evaluation was performed on cDNA microarrays using healthy and early atretic follicle samples and was validated by quantitative PCR. Annotation analysis applying current database (Sus scrofa 11.1) revealed 450 significantly differential expressed genes between healthy and early atretic follicles. Among them, 142 were significantly upregulated in early atretic with respect to healthy group and 308 were downregulated. Similar expression trends were observed between microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR confirmation, which indicated the reliability of the microarray analysis. Further analysis of the differential expressed genes revealed the most significantly affected biological functions during early atresia including blood vessel development, regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress and negative regulation of cell adhesion. The pathway and interaction analysis suggested that atresia initiation associates with (1) a crosstalk of cell apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis rather than change of typical apoptosis markers, (2) dramatic shift of steroidogenic enzymes, (3) deficient glutathione metabolism and (4) vascular degeneration. The novel gene candidates and pathways identified in the current study will lead to a comprehensive view of the molecular regulation of ovarian follicular atresia and a new understanding of atresia initiation.
Genomic Model with Correlation Between Additive and Dominance Effects
Authors: Xiang Tao , Christensen Ole Fredslund , Vitezica Zulma Gladis , Legarra Andres
Published: May 2018

Dominance genetic effects are rarely included in pedigree-based genetic evaluation. With the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism markers and the development of genomic evaluation, estimates of dominance genetic effects have become feasible using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). Usually, studies involving additive and dominance genetic effects ignore possible relationships between them. It has been often suggested that the magnitude of functional additive and dominance effects at the quantitative trait loci are related, but there is no existing GBLUP-like approach accounting for such correlation. Wellmann and Bennewitz (2012) showed two ways of considering directional relationships between additive and dominance effects, which they estimated in a Bayesian framework. However, these relationships cannot be fitted at the level of individuals instead of loci in a mixed model, and are not compatible with standard animal or plant breeding software. This comes from a fundamental ambiguity in assigning the reference allele at a given locus. We show that, if there has been selection, assigning the most frequent as the reference allele orients the correlation between functional additive and dominance effects. As a consequence, the most frequent reference allele is expected to have a positive value. We also demonstrate that selection creates negative covariance between genotypic additive and dominance genetic values. For parameter estimation, it is possible to use a combined additive and dominance relationship matrix computed from marker genotypes, and to use standard restricted maximum likelihood algorithms based on an equivalent model. Through a simulation study, we show that such correlations can easily be estimated by mixed model software and that the accuracy of prediction for genetic values is slightly improved if such correlations are used in GBLUP. However, a model assuming uncorrelated effects and fitting orthogonal breeding values and dominant deviations performed similarly for prediction.
Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalah Terhadap Pelaksanaan Upah Di Desa Prambatan Kecamatan Abab Kabupaten Pali
Authors: Saprida Saprida
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The results of this study showed that the implementation of a daily wage in the District Abab Prambatan village Pali district is one of the Ijara Ijara who transact human resource benefits or wages hired. Implementation of the daily wage is basically allowed in fikih muamalah, but when there is one of the requirements or pillars were not being met as stipulated in Islamic law, then it is not valid (not allowed). As wages in the implementation of the daily wage is not yet clear how the amount and timing of payment. This type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative, in the form of interview data directly to the person who entered into the implementation of the daily wage. While data collection techniques is by observation and interviews related to the writing of this study. Keywords: Fikih Muamalah, Ijarah   Abstrak: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan upah harian di desa Prambatan  Kecamatan Abab Kabupaten Pali  merupakan salah satu bentuk ijarah yakni ijarah yang mentransaksikan manfaat sumber daya manusia atau upah mengupah. Pelaksanaan upah harian ini pada dasarnya diperbolehkan dalam fikih muamalah, akan tetapi ketika ada salah satu syarat atau rukun yang tidak terpenuhi sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam syariat Islam, maka hal tersebut tidak sah (tidak diperbolehkan). Seperti upah dalam pelaksanaan upah harian yang belum jelas berapa jumlahnya dan waktu pembayarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, berupa data hasil wawancara langsung kepada orang yang mengadakan pelaksanaan upah harian. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan cara observasi dan wawancara yang berhubungan dengan penulisan penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Fiqih Muamalah, Ijarah DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v5i1.7904
Perempuan Dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia (Studi Peran Perempuan di Pengadilan Agama DKI Jakarta)
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana , Hidayati Sri
Published: May 2018

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to find out the position of women in law enforcement in Indonesia and the role of women in the Jakarta Special Capital District Religion Court. This research is a normative juridical study with a normative juridical approach and empirical juridical. Based on the results of the study, two conclusions were obtained. First, that the position of women in the realm of law enforcement in Indonesia, especially in the Religious Courts, is the same as that of men. Second, the role of women in the Special Capital District of Jakarta in accordance with Law Number 50 of 2009 is the same as the role of men in terms of the profession of a judge, clerk and bailiff even when being a structural officer.Keywords: Women, law enforcement, role Abstrak:Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kedudukan Perempuan dalam penegakan hukum di Indonesia dan peranan Perempuan di Pengadilan Agama daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empirik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapat dua kesimpulan. Pertama bahwa kedudukan wanita dalam ranah penegakan hukum di Indonesia khususnya di Pengadilan Agama sudah sama dengan laki. Kedua, peran wanita di Pengadilan Agama daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 50 tahun 2009 sudah sama dengan peran laki-laki dalam hal profesi seorang hakim, panitera maupun juru sita bahkan ketika menjadi pejabat di structural.Kata kunci: Perempuan, penegakan hukum, peran.
Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Retinal Vessels: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Köchli Sabrina , Endes Katharina , Infanger Denis , Zahner Lukas , Hanssen Henner
Published: May 2018

CONTEXT:

Retinal vessel imaging is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) are associated with retinal microvascular alterations.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically review and meta-analyze associations between obesity, BP, and physical activity with retinal vessel diameters in children.

DATA SOURCES:

We conducted a literature search through the databases of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials.

STUDY SELECTION:

School- and population-based cross-sectional data.

DATA EXTRACTION:

General information, study design, participants, exposure, and outcomes.

RESULTS:

A total of 1751 studies were found, and 30 full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility. Twenty-two articles (18 865 children and adolescents) were used for further assessment and reflection. Eleven articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. We found that a higher BMI is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar (pooled estimate effect size −0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.50 to −0.24]) and wider venular diameters (0.35 [95% CI: 0.07 to 0.63]). Systolic and diastolic BP are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing (systolic BP: −0.63 [95% CI: −0.92 to −0.34]; diastolic BP: −0.60 [95% CI −0.95 to −0.25]). Increased physical activity and fitness are associated with favorable retinal vessel diameters.

LIMITATIONS:

Long-term studies are needed to substantiate the prognostic relevance of retinal vessel diameters for cardiovascular risk in children.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results indicate that childhood obesity, BP, and physical inactivity are associated with retinal microvascular abnormalities. Retinal vessel diameters seem to be sensitive microvascular biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in children.
Can General Practitioners’ personal knowledge base be justified?
Authors: Goldie John
Published: May 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. This paper explores whether, in our post-truth world the knowledge base of General Practice can be justified. It examines the different types of knowledge that make up a profession's knowledge base and how such knowledge may be justified. The justification of personal knowledge, which is often the most important for practice, requires a different approach to that of codified knowledge. A potential approach is outlined which can be evaluated against the norms of the profession. A number of methods are suggested that may foster its' development.
Acidentes de trabalho e os religadores automáticos no setor elétrico: para além das causas imediatas
Authors: Silva Alessandro Jose Nunes da , Almeida Ildeberto Muniz de , Vilela Rodolfo Andrade de Gouveia , Mendes Renata Wey Berti , Hurtado Sandra Lorena Beltran
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O setor elétrico brasileiro registra elevados índices de mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho que vêm sendo associados à terceirização, introduzida como forma de rebaixamento de custos. Para diminuir o tempo de interrupção do fornecimento de energia aos consumidores, o setor adotou, como solução tecnológica, o religador automático. Essa medida apresenta características perversas para os trabalhadores de manutenção. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar origens e consequências de acidentes de trabalho em sistemas elétricos dotados de religador automático utilizando o Modelo de Análise e Prevenção de Acidentes (MAPA). O MAPA foi usado na investigação de dois acidentes de trabalho visando a explorar as origens organizacionais dos eventos. Caso 1 - ao trocar linha secundária desenergizada, um trabalhador foi atingido por cabo primário energizado (13,8kV). O sistema foi religado três vezes, agravando as lesões (amputação de membro inferior). Caso 2 - acidente de trabalho fatal ocorrido durante instalação de cruzeta nova, em linha energizada, parcialmente isolada. A extremidade de uma mão francesa metálica encostou na linha secundária energizada e eletrocutou o operador de manutenção. O componente desligador do religador automático não funcionou. As análises contribuem para desvelar como a lógica de gestão de negócios pode participar nas origens de acidentes de trabalho via falhas da gestão de manutenção, da gestão de força de trabalho de terceiras e, em especial, da gestão de segurança em sistemas dotados de religadores. As decisões pela automação para garantir a distribuição de energia não podem negligenciar os riscos aos trabalhadores da rede elétrica e, tampouco, deixar de reconhecer a importância do controle sobre as condições de segurança.
Ambiente construído, renda contextual e obesidade em idosos: evidências de um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Araújo Carolina Abreu Henn de , Giehl Maruí W. Corseuil , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia , Araujo Pierre Guedes de , d’Orsi Eleonora , Boing Antonio Fernando
Published: May 2018

O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre o ambiente construído, a renda contextual e a obesidade em idosos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudo transversal com amostra de 1.197 idosos (≥ 60 anos), avaliados na coorte EpiFloripa Idoso em 2013/2014. Os desfechos foram a obesidade geral, a obesidade abdominal, a circunferência da cintura (CC) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC). A renda contextual do setor censitário e as características do ambiente construído foram analisadas por meio dos dados do Instituto de Planejamento Urbano de Florianópolis (IPUF) e do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística e linear multinível. Para as mulheres, a renda média intermediária foi associada às menores chances de obesidade abdominal e geral, e o maior percentual de ruas pavimentadas às menores chances de obesidade abdominal; o incremento de cada ponto percentual de comércio diminuiu 0,20cm a CC, e no de ruas pavimentadas diminuiu 0,43cm a CC e 0,22kg/m2 o IMC. Para os homens, a maior conectividade das ruas e o percentual de comércio intermediário foram associados às menores chances de obesidade geral; o incremento na densidade de ruas diminuiu 0,34cm na CC e 0,10kg/m2 no IMC; já no percentual de iluminação aumentou 0,51cm a CC e 0,11kg/m2 o IMC. Verificaram-se associações distintas de acordo com o sexo e o desfecho analisado, fazendo-se necessárias novas pesquisas que explorem variáveis contextuais adicionais e relevantes a esses desfechos entre os idosos.
Molecular identification and mapping of a novel stripe rust resistance gene in wheat resistance line CH5389
Authors: Zhan Haixian , Guo Huijuan , Qiao Linyi , Mao Liping , Zhang Shuosheng
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. CH5389 is a wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derived line conferring stripe rust resistance. Genetic analyses of seedlings of F2 populations and F2:3 families developed by crossing CH5389 and susceptible common wheat revealed that stripe rust resistance in CH5389 was controlled by a single dominant gene that was designated YrCH5389. Eight SSR and EST-PCR polymorphic markers on chromosome 3AL were identified in F2 population of CH5389/Taichung29. The YrCH5389 was flanked by EST marker BE405348 and SSR marker Xwmc388 on chromosome 3AL with genetic distances of 2.2 and 4.6 cM, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the orthologous genomic region of YrCH5389 covered 990 kb in rice, 640 kb in Brachypodium, and 890 kb in sorghum. Based on the locations of the markers, the resistance gene was located to chromosome deletion bin 3AL-0.85-1.00. Because there are no officially named stripe rust resistance genes on the 3AL chromosome, the YrCH5389 should be designated as a new resistance gene. These linkage markers could be useful for marker-assisted selection in wheat resistance breeding.
Necessidades de saúde de camponeses em conflito ambiental frente à instalação de Perímetros Irrigados
Authors: Pontes Andrezza Graziella Veríssimo , Rigotto Raquel Maria , Silva Jennifer Vale
Published: May 2018

Resumo As transformações no cenário agrícola brasileiro vêm reconfigurando os modos de vida no campo, com repercussões sobre a saúde da população camponesa. Objetiva-se analisar necessidades de saúde de camponeses, identificadas por um coletivo de atores da universidade, Sistema Único de Saúde e movimentos sociais. Pesquisa-ação, cujo grupo foi constituído por agentes comunitários de saúde, trabalhadores de Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador, professor universitário e representantes de movimentos sociais. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, visitas em campo, oficinas e seminários. A categorização temática evidenciou cinco conjuntos de necessidades de saúde: de revisão do modelo de desenvolvimento agrário, de boas condições de vida, de mobilização social, de evitar uso de agrotóxicos e de atuação do SUS. O diálogo de saberes e a troca de experiência potencializaram o reconhecimento de necessidades de saúde que requerem ações intersetoriais. As necessidades de saúde devem ser compreendidas no contexto dos territórios em que os sujeitos individuais e coletivos se inserem, reconhecendo-se a complexidade das questões sociais, econômicas, culturais e ambientais.
Satisfação dos pacientes com doença de Chagas atendidos por um serviço de atenção farmacêutica no estado do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Costa Alanna Carla da , Cândido Darlan da Silva , Fidalgo Arduina Sofia Ortet de Barros Vasconcelos , Silva Filho José Damião da , Viana Carlos Eduardo Menezes , Lima Monise Anne , Andrade Mônica Coelho , Oliveira Maria de Fátima
Published: May 2018

Resumo O Serviço de Atenção Farmacêutica ao paciente com doença de Chagas do estado do Ceará foi criando em 2005, com a finalidade de proporcionar seguimento farmacoterapêutico àqueles com esta morbidade. Decorridos 10 anos de atuação, objetivou-se avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes atendidos no serviço. Tratou-se de um estudo prospectivo, empregando um questionário subdividido nas seções: dados socioeconômicos; infraestrutura, localização e funcionamento; cuidado farmacêutico e importância do serviço. Foram entrevistados 70 pacientes de ambos os sexos e acima de 18 anos, entre agosto de 2014 e maio de 2015. Quanto à infraestrutura, localização e funcionamento, as notas obtidas mostraram que os pacientes estão satisfeitos com os parâmetros analisados. Com relação ao cuidado farmacêutico, a maioria dos pacientes mostrou-se satisfeita, tendo o “ser bem atendido” como aspecto mais importante durante o atendimento. Em relação à importância do serviço, 100% o considerou muito importante e o indicaria para outras pessoas. De modo geral, o estudo demonstrou um alto nível de satisfação com o serviço. Há muito a ser trabalhado neste serviço, como promover maior acesso e qualificação do atendimento, contribuindo para a concretização de um modelo humanizado, centrado nas necessidades do paciente.
Workplace Accident Prevalence and Associated Factors among Tobacco Farm in São Lourenço do Sul-RS, Brazil
Authors: Zago Adriana Marchon , Meucci Rodrigo Dalke , Fiori Nadia , Carret Maria Laura Vidal , Faria Neice Muller Xavier , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal
Published: May 2018

Abstract Agriculture has the highest risk of accidents. In Brazil the reality of this situation is unknown owing to scarcity of studies and underreporting of workplace accidents in rural areas. This article aims to evaluate workplace accident prevalence and associated factors among tobacco farm in Sao Lourenco do Sul-RS, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 488 tobacco farmers, assessing sociodemographic, behavioural, labour characteristics and association with workplace accidents occurring in their lifetime. The injury prevalence was 24%. Being male (PR 1.62; 95%CI 1.04-2.52), and tenant farmer (PR 1.87; 95%CI 1.29-2.72), bundling tobacco leaves (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.14-3.52) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.58; 95%CI 1.06-2.35) were positively associated with accidents. 46% of serious injuries caused superficial lesions and 26% caused fractures. Rural workplace accident prevention policies need to be established, particularly for tobacco farming. Larger studies are needed to understand work process-related aspects that increase the risk of accidents.
Mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e suas regiões geográficas: análise do efeito da idade-período-coorte
Authors: Santos Juliano dos , Meira Karina Cardoso , Camacho Amanda Rodrigues , Salvador Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira , Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Pierin Ângela Maria Geraldo , Simões Taynãna Cesar , Freire Flávio Henrique Miranda de Araújo
Published: May 2018

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da idade-período e coorte (APC) de nascimento na mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e regiões geográficas, segundo sexo, no período de 1980 a 2009. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade e foram corrigidos e ajustados, por meio da redistribuição proporcional dos registros com sexo e idade ignorados, causas mal definidas, e também se realizou a correção do sub-registro de morte. O APC foi calculado pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson, utilizando funções estimáveis. A análise APC nos dois sexos e em todas as regiões do país evidenciou progressiva redução no risco de morte nas coortes de nascimento a partir da década de 1940, exceto na região nordeste. Nessa região, verificou-se aumento progressivo do risco de morte a partir da década de 1940 para ambos os sexos, até a década de 1950 para os homens e a década de 1960 para as mulheres. Concluiu-se que as diferenças observadas no risco de morte nas regiões brasileiras é fruto das desigualdades socioeconômicas e de acesso aos serviços de saúde existente no território brasileiro, favorecendo a mortalidade precoce por essa causa sobretudo em localidades mais pobres.
Fatores associados à autopercepção negativa de saúde em mulheres climatéricas
Authors: Silva Vitor Hipólito , Rocha Josiane Santos Brant , Caldeira Antonio Prates
Published: May 2018

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à autopercepção negativa de saúde em mulheres climatéricas cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família em um centro urbano brasileiro. Pesquisa transversal, com amostra aleatória de mulheres climatéricas. Foi utilizado um instrumento validado abordando dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais, relacionados ao estado e à autopercepção de saúde. A associação entre as variáveis estudadas e à autopercepção negativa de saúde foi verificada por análise bivariada seguida de regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta, em modelo hierarquizado. A prevalência de autopercepção negativa de saúde na população estudada foi de 41,6%, em 761 mulheres. Entre as mulheres de 52 a 65 anos, 49,2% apresentaram autopercepção negativa de saúde. Idade correspondente à pós-menopausa, escolaridade até oito anos de estudo, ter um companheiro, não ter um trabalho formal, uso atual do tabaco e sedentarismo foram associados à autopercepção negativa de saúde. A presença de sintomas climatéricos, sobrepeso e obesidade, o uso atual de medicamentos e a presença de doenças crônicas também se mostraram associados no modelo final. As associações observadas apontam para a necessidade de ações de promoção de saúde voltadas às mulheres climatéricas.
Obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho: tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário para o contexto brasileiro
Authors: Milani Daniela , Souza Ana Claudia de , Hirayama Marcio Sussumu , Alexandre Neusa Maria Costa
Published: May 2018

Resumo Os raros questionários existentes no Brasil que abordam retorno ao trabalho são físicos e/ou psicológicos e não abrangem questões relativas ao ambiente de trabalho. O Obstacles to Return-to-Work Questionnaire (ORTWQ) é multidimensional, inclui fatores biopsicossociais, ambientais e tem se mostrado útil como preditor de retorno ao trabalho. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a importância, para a Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador, de questionários que identificam os obstáculos para retorno ao trabalho, bem como traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o ORTWQ para uso no contexto brasileiro. Cinco etapas foram seguidas para a adaptação cultural: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Antes do pré-teste, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi verificado e considerado adequado quando ≥ 0,8. Foi retirado do questionário, o termo “aumentar as horas de trabalho”, uma vez que o regime de retorno parcial ao trabalho é raro no Brasil. Participaram do pré-teste 40 sujeitos. A versão brasileira do ORTWQ mostrou-se adequada e o tempo médio para preenchimento foi de 14 minutos. Outros estudos devem avaliar as qualidades psicométricas desse questionário.