bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Pulmonary Arterial Elastance Is Associated With Reduced Exercise Capacity in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: June 2019

Background

A previous study reported histologic abnormalities in the pulmonary artery (
PA
) of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (
TOF
). However, the potential effect of these anatomical findings on
PA
vascular function has not been studied. We hypothesized that
TOF
patients had abnormal
PA
vascular function, and that
PA
vascular function was associated with exercise capacity.

Methods and Results

This a study of adult
TOF
patients who had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiogram (on the same day) at Mayo Clinic, 2002–2015. In order to test the study hypothesis, we compared
PA
elastance index (
PAE
i) between 207
TOF
patients and a referent group of 8 subjects without structural heart disease.
PAE
i was calculated as a quotient of
PA
systolic pressure and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging–derived right ventricular stroke volume. Mean age was 33±13 and 36±4 years in the
TOF
and referent groups respectively.
TOF
patients had higher
PAE
i compared with the referent group (0.62±0.12 versus 0.48±0.08 mm Hg/
mL
/m
2
;
P
=0.001). There was a good correlation between
PAE
i and peak oxygen consumption (adjusted
R
2
=0.73;
r
=0.85;
P
<0.001). After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders,
PAE
i was independently associated with peak oxygen consumption (adjusted
R
2
=0.69;
r
=0.83;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

The high
PA
elastance in the
TOF
group may be attributed to abnormal
PA
vascular function. The association between
PAE
i and exercise intolerance suggests that
PA
vascular dysfunction may contribute to exercise intolerance, which is an important clinical problem in this population. Further studies are required to validate our findings and explore potential therapies to improve
PA
vascular function in this population.
Relationship Between Impaired Consciousness and Injury of Ascending Reticular Activating System in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Chang Chul Hoon , Jung Young Jin , Kim Jong Hoon , Kwon Young Hyeon
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

We investigated the relationship between impaired consciousness and ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) characteristics on diffusion tensor tractography during the early stage of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage confined to a unilateral supratentorial area.

Methods—

A total of 29 consecutive patients with impaired consciousness (the patient group A), 31 age- and sex-matched patients without impaired consciousness (the patient group B), and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. The Glasgow Coma Scale was used to evaluate patients’ conscious state in the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (within 30 days after onset). Three parts of the ARAS (lower dorsal, lower ventral, and upper) were reconstructed, and fractional anisotropy and tract volume values were determined.

Results—

The tract volume value of the lower dorsal ARAS in the patient group A was significantly lower than those of the patient group B and control group in the affected hemisphere (
P
<0.05). Among the diffusion tensor tractography parameters, only the tract volume of the lower dorsal ARAS in the affected hemispheres of the patient group A had a moderate positive correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale score (
r
=0.456;
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

Impaired consciousness during the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage was closely related to injury of the lower dorsal ARAS in the affected hemisphere.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.e-irb.com/index.jsp
. Unique identifier: 2015-07-064
Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II (PIVKA-II) as a potential serological biomarker in pancreatic cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Tartaglione Sara , Granato Teresa , Anastasi Emanuela , Angeloni Antonio , Marchese Cinzia , Manganaro Lucia , Viggiani Valentina , Zarrillo Serena Rita , Pecorella Irene
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) is an abnormal prothrombin increased in gastrointestinal malignancy. We aimed to evaluate PIVKA-II in comparison to established pancreatic cancer (PC) biomarkers (CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 242) measured in PC patients and in patients with benign pancreatic diseases.
Materials and methods: We studied 26 PC patients (Group 1) and 20 patients with benign pancreatic diseases (Group 2). PIVKA-II and CEA were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (CLEIA) on LUMIPULSE G1200 (Fujirebio-Europe, Gent, Belgium), CA 19-9 and CA 242 were measured by ELSA (CisBio Bioassays, Codolet, France) and EIA (Fujirebio Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess biomarkers’ diagnostic characteristics in both groups.
Results: Median and interquartile range (IQR) in Group 1 and Group 2 were: 1749.0 (320.2 – 3921.0) vs. 31.0 (23.0 – 43.0) mAU/mL (P < 0.001) for PIVKA-II, 260.0 (158.7 – 272.0) vs. 45.2 (9.0 – 58.0) U/mL (P = 0.034) for CA 19-9, 104.0 (30.2 – 150.0) vs. 7.2 (4.8 – 26.0) U/mL (P < 0.050) for CA 242, 9.4 (5.3 – 37.5) vs. 4.5 (1.8 – 7.0) ng/mL (P = 0.021) for CEA. Areas under the ROC curve of PIVKA-II, CA 19-9, CA 242, CEA were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.71 – 1.00), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38 – 0.78), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54 – 0.92), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.44 – 0.85), respectively.
Conclusions: PIVKA-II is significantly higher in PC than in benign pancreatic diseases. PIVKA-II shows a rather good diagnostic performance compared to CA 19-9, CEA and CA242, thus its determination could help PC management.
PP-Extraposition and the Order of Adverbials in English
Authors: Neeleman Ad , Payne Amanda
Published: June 2019

In English, adverbials may intervene between the verb and a selected PP. We consider three analyses of this fact: the traditional account, that the PP shifts rightward across a right-adjoined adverbial ( Stowell 1981 ); an alternative account, that the verb moves leftward across a left-adjoined adverbial ( Pesetsky 1989 , Johnson 1991 ); and a hybrid account that assumes both extraposition and verb raising. We argue that the order of postverbal adverbials favors the extraposition analysis, provided this analysis is combined with the hypothesis that certain adverbials can directly modify other adverbials ( Rohrbacher 1994 , Williams 2014 ). We then compare two instantiations of the extraposition analysis: the traditional account and an antisymmetric account that emulates PP-extraposition through a combination of PP-intraposition and roll-up movement. While close to being notational variants, these accounts can be teased apart using the very strict locality requirement that holds of interaction with temporal only. The data then show that the symmetric account has the edge. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of our findings for the analysis of the English VP, with a focus on the circumstances under which the verb moves.
Rearing the larval stages of Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from egg to adult, with notes on their behaviour
Authors: SATAR ALİ , SULUDERE ZEKİYE , CANBULAT SAVAŞ , ÖZBAY CENGİZHAN
Published: June 2019

Eggs of the ant-lion Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) were obtained from gravid females for the first time. Larvae were reared to the adult stage from eggs. The eggs and the different parts of the larva such as head, mandibles and antennae, are described and illustrated and larval behavior in each stage was monitored.
Two new species of Isbrueckerichthys Derijst, 1996 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil
Authors: JEREP FERNANDO C. , SHIBATTA OSCAR A. , PEREIRA EDSON H.L. , OYAKAWA OSVALDO T.
Published: June 2019

Two new Isbrueckerichthys species from Paranapanema river basin are described, I. saxicola and I. calvus, respectively from ribeirão Jacutinga and rio Taquara affluents. Both species present all diagnostic characters of the genus, and differ from their congeners by having bicuspid teeth (vs. simple teeth in I. alipionis), hypertrophied odontodes along the lateral margin of head (vs. hypertrophied odontodes only at the anterior portion of snout in I. epakmos) and longer pectoral-fin spine and shorter caudal peduncle length in relation to I. duseni. The new species can be distinguished from each other by number of odontodes in each minute abdominal platelet (more than six in I. saxicola vs. at most six in I. calvus); by the presence of a plated area under the three first plates of the lateral line in I. saxicola vs. its absence in I. calvus in which this region is naked; by a exposed portion of cleithrum bordering the entire margin of the opercular opening in I. saxicola vs. bordering just the superior portion in I. calvus; and by presenting the exposed surface of supraoccipital plain or slightly convex in I. saxicola vs. strongly convex with an area without odontodes on the center in I. calvus.
Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan
Authors: SILVA JAYNA A.S.-D. , EBERT DAVID A.
Published: June 2019

A new species of lanternshark, Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., is described from four specimens collected in deepwater off northeastern Taiwan. The new species closely resembles other members of the “Etmopterus lucifer group” in having longitudinal rows of dermal denticles, but can be distinguished from congeners based on the following characters: snout width, gill slit length, caudal peduncle length, second dorsal fin height, the arrangement of flank and caudal markings, tooth morphology, and the presence or absence of dermal denticles. The new species has a broader snout and gill length proportionally longer than other western North Pacific Etmopterus species. Proportionally, E. burgessi has a shorter second dorsal fin height and caudal peduncle length than other Etmopterus species. In addition, both the second dorsal fin and ventral snout surface of E. burgessi have conspicuous dermal denticles. A final distinguishing character of E. burgessi is the flank marking, which resembles E. lucifer.Key-words: Elasmobranchii, Squaliformes, Etmopteridae, Etmopterus, Taiwan
A review of the species of Euroleon (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from China
Authors: BAO RONG , WANG XINL L.
Published: June 2019

The species of Euroleon (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from China are reviewed. Euroleon parvus Hölzel, 1972 and E. polyspilus (Gerstaecker, 1885) are newly recorded in China. Euroleon sanxianus is proposed as a new synonym of Euroleon coreanus. A key to the examined species of Euroleon from China is given and geographic distributions are discussed.
The Oriental species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae)
Authors: EGUCHI KATSUYUKI , YOSHIMURA MASASHI , YAMANE SEIKI
Published: June 2019

Ten species of the proceratiine ant genus Probolomyrmex are recognized in the Oriental Region: bidens Brown, dammermani Wheeler, itoi sp. nov., longinodus Terayama et Ogata, longiscapus Xu et Zeng, maryatiae sp. nov., okinawensis Terayama et Ogata, procne Brown, vieti sp. nov. and watanabei Tanaka. The ten species and two Australian species can be classified into two species groups. The longinodus group is characterized by the petiole which is clearly longer than high, and subpetiolar process which is low with poorly developed posteroventral portion. The greavesi group is characterized by the petiole which is at most a little longer than high, and subpetiolar process which is developed and somewhat rectangular. Males of dammermani and longiscapus, and queens of dammermani, longinodus, longiscapus and watanabei were described for the first time. A key to the Oriental species of the genus is also given.
Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907(Hym.: Figitidae: Aspicerinae)
Authors: ROS-FARRÉ P. , PUJADE-VILLAR J.
Published: June 2019

Prosaspicera Kieffer is an Aspicerinae genus (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with a mostly Nearctic, Neotropical, Afrotropical and Oriental distribution. Prosaspicera is here cited from the    Eastern Palaearctic (Japan) for the first time. Morphological features necessary to differentiate species of Prosaspicera are described. Although Prosaspicera brevispinosa Díaz, 1979, represents an atypical intraspecific variability that suggests it may be a species complex, other species of Prosaspicera are morphologically homogeneous. The type material of the 17 known species of Prosaspicera has been studied. Out of these 17 species, 15 are here considered as valid, since Prosaspicera africana (Kinsey, 1919) and P. kinsantua (Benoit, 1956) are both a syn nov. of P. tropica (Kieffer, 1910). These 15 valid species are here redescribed. The examination of hundreds of additional specimens supplied by different institutions suggests there is a general lack of knowledge concerning the species diversity of this genus. For the first time the males of P. optivus Quinlan, 1979, P. albihirta (Ashmead, 1887), P. pugionifera (Kieffer, 1907) and P. ueteri (Borgmeier, 1935) and, the females of P. aterrima (Kieffer, 1910) and P. validispina (Kieffer, 1910) are described. Fifteen new species are described: P. angustispina Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. carinata Pujade-Villar sp. nov., P. costulata Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. confusa Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. curvispina Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. dentata Pujade-Villar sp. nov., P. inaudita Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. joani Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., P. kiefferi Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. mariarosae Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., P. orientalis Pujade-Villar sp. nov., P. pseudoclavata Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. spinosa Ros-Farré sp. nov., P. splendida Ros-Farré sp. nov., and P. uniformis Ros-Farré sp. nov. A key to the 30 valid species of Prosaspicera is given. All species are thoroughly illustrated.
Bibliographic analysis of acarological papers published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2005, with a catalogue of described new taxa
Authors: FAN QING-HAI
Published: June 2019

Bibliographies and catalogues of scientific literature play important roles in taxonomy and enable taxonomists gathering and acquiring information quickly and easily. In order to provide an overview of the progress of systematic acarology, the author studied the papers published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2005 and presented a bibliographical analysis of these papers and a list of the described new taxa including 16 genera and 185 species.
A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida:Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variabilityof deep-sea Harpacticoida
Authors: SEIFRIED SYBILLE , ARBIZU PEDRO MARTÍNEZ
Published: June 2019

Bradya kurtschminkei sp. nov. is described from deep-sea samples collected from the Angola Basin (Southeast Atlantic) during the DIVA 1 campaign in 2000, the Guinea and Cape Basins (Southeast Atlantic) during the DIVA 2 campaign in 2005, and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (Northeast Atlantic) during the RRS ‘‘Challenger’’ cruise 111 in 1994. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. is exceptional because of many characters, hitherto unknown from other Bradya species. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by its unique habitus as the body is slightly flattened dorso-ventrally and the female cephalothorax is almost as long as the free pedigerous somites and the urosome together. The rostrum’s length is a third of the cephalothorax length and it tapers to a point. The antennule is 5-segmented, the basis of maxillule is fused with exopod and endopod, and the endopod has only four setae. The endopod of maxilla has only one large claw, the exopod of the P5 is short, its distal end reaches to the distal end of the baseoendopod, and the outer seta of the baseoendopod has a double tip. The armature formula of P1–P4 is exceptional as there are in total seven setae less on the endopods than in all other species of Bradya. Like many other deep-sea Harpacticoida, B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. shows compared with shallow waters species a remarkable, as yet unknown morphological variability.
Editorial: Bringing light into deep-sea biodiversity
Authors: ARBIZU PEDRO MARTÍNEZ , BRIX SASKIA
Published: June 2019

Despite the fact that oceans cover over 70% of the earth’s surface, only about one third of all currently known species have been described from marine ecosystems (Reaka-Kudla 1997, Groombridge & Jenkins 2000, Grassle 2001, Boltovskoy et al. 2005). We believe that this represents an underestimation of the real biodiversity in the oceans (Bouchet 2006). Since the year 2000, the “Census of Marine Life” (CoML, www.coml.org), an international initiative involving more than 2000 researchers from 80 nations, is putting a huge effort into describing and understanding patterns of species richness and distribution in all ocean realms. The deep sea is one of the largest ecosystems on earth and probably harbours a substantial amount of biodiversity. The fraction of new species to be found in deep-sea areas visited for the first time ranges from 50 to 100 % (Wilson 1980, Poore et al. 1994, Park 2000, Brandt et al. 2004, Brandt et al. 2007a,b), with most of them only being represented by single individuals in the samples (Rose et al. 2005, Brandt et al 2007a,b,). This fact, together with the logistic impediments of sampling in abyssal plains, constrains our knowledge of the life in the hidden depths of the ocean.
Prochelator tupuhi sp. nov., the first record of Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 (Crustacea: Isopoda) from New Zealand waters
Authors: BRIX SASKIA , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: June 2019

Prochelator tupuhi sp. nov. is the first record of the genus Prochelator Hessler, 1970 from Southern Hemisphere waters, and the first record of the family Desmosomatidae from New Zealand. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following characters: body elongate, without spine-like ventral elongations on pereonites 1–4, pereonite 1 as high as pereonite 5, mesial lobe of the maxilla much shorter than in the other species of the genus, reaching only half the length of the lateral lobe, carpus of pereopod 1 distinctly produced at the base of the claw, propodus broadest at the articulation to the carpus, tapering distally.
New Australian Hexactinellida (Porifera) with a revision of Euplectella aspergillum
Authors: TABACHNICK KONSTANTIN R. , JANUSSEN DORTE , MENSCHENINA LARISA
Published: June 2019

In this study we found 28 species, 6 new to science, from 17 genera and 11 families. Four families: Aphrocallistidae, Rossellidae, Monorhaphididae and Euretidae have not been reported from the Australian seas before. Revision of the famous 'Venus-flower basket' Euplectella aspergillum has accompanied this investigation, which led to designation of the following subspecies defined by specific features and various geographical distributions: E. aspergillum regalis (formerly E. regalis Schulze), E. aspergillum australicum, nov. ssp., E. aspergillum indonesicum, nov. ssp. and E. aspergillum aspergillum.
A new species of Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: ONN CHAN KIN , GRISMER L. LEE
Published: June 2019

A new species of gekkonid lizard of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 is described from the state of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Cnemaspis flavigaster sp nov. differs from all other species of Cnemaspis in Peninsular Malaysia by having the following combination of characters: maximum SVL of 50.1 mm, a series of distinct black dorsal spots, 29–34 subdigital lamellae on 4 th toe, no femoral pores, smooth ventral scales, median subcaudal scales not enlarged or keeled, and an orange belly. This brings the total number of species of Cnemaspis in Peninsular Malaysia to nine.
The West Palaearctic Pseudodineura and Endophytus species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
Authors: LISTON ANDREW , PROUS MARKO , VÅRDAL HEGE
Published: June 2019

Six valid species of Pseudodineura are now recognised as occurring in the West Palaearctic, and the only described species of the related genus Endophytus. Larvae of all species are leaf-miners in Ranunculaceae. An identification key to adults is provided, followed by species commentaries which include summarised data on taxonomy, larval host plants, and distribution, with particular reference to Sweden. Whereas identification of some specimens using morphological characters may not be possible, each species apparently has a distinct COI barcode sequence. Pseudodineura heringi (Enslin, 1921) is a new junior synonym of P. parvula (Klug, 1816). Pseudodineura mocsaryi Zombori, 1976 and P. scaligera Zombori, 1979 are new junior synonyms of P. clematidisrectae Hering, 1935. Lectotypes are designated for: Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837, Pelmatopus clematidis Hering, 1932, P. enslini Hering, 1923, P. heringi Enslin, 1921, and P. mentiens var. konowi Enslin, 1921.
Anthias albofasciatus Fowler and Bean, 1930, a junior synonym of Tosana niwae Smith and Pope, 1906 (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae)
Authors: GILL ANTHONY C. , ANDERSON WILLIAM D. JR , WILLIAMS JEFFREY T.
Published: June 2019

Anthias albofasciatus Fowler & Bean, known only from the holotype collected east of Hong Kong in the South China Sea, has been considered a valid species of either Anthias or Pseudanthias. The holotype is compared with the holotype of Tosana niwae Smith & Pope from Urado Bay, Shikoku, Japan, as well as non-type specimens from the South China Sea and south-eastern Japan, and shown to be conspecific. Anthias albofasciatus is therefore considered a junior subjective synonym of Tosana niwae.
Urban Dry Island Effect Mitigated Urbanization Effect on Observed Warming in China
Authors: Du Jizeng , Wang Kaicun , Jiang Shaojing , Cui Baoshan , Wang Jiankai , Zhao Chuanfeng , Li Jianping
Published: June 2019

With urbanization occurring around weather stations, its impact on the observed air temperature has been widely recognized. However, its assessments were varied partially due to the poor understanding of its underlying mechanism. Here, we analyzed the effect of urbanization using observations obtained from ~2200 weather stations in China from 1960 to 2014. The results showed that the urbanization effect increased from 1960 to 1984 but slowed after 1995 with rapid urbanization in China, particularly in terms of the daily minimum temperature Tmin and daily mean air temperature Tmean. The urbanization effect is nearly linearly related to the urban–rural contrast of effective cloud cover (including the impact of atmospheric aerosols) derived from the observed sunshine duration. Aerosols increase atmospheric downward longwave radiation Ld through their absorption of solar radiation during the daytime, and they trap longwave radiation emitted from the surface during the nighttime. Increased anthropogenic aerosols caused the urban–rural contrast of effective cloud cover to increase from 1960 to 2014. However, the urban–rural contrast of cloud cover remained stable from 1960 to 1984 but substantially decreased due to the “urban dry island effect” after 1995, which compensated for the impact of anthropogenic aerosols on Ld and resulted in a stable urbanization effect after 1995. The urban–rural difference in Ld increased by 0.57 W m−2 (10 yr)−1, which resulted in warming of 0.074°C (10 yr)−1 (78.2%) for Tmin, 0.037°C (10 yr)−1 (151.5%) for Tmax, and 0.056°C (10 yr)−1 (96.6%) for Tmean.
Characteristics of Tornado Events and Warnings in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Anderson-Frey Alexandra K. , Richardson Yvette P. , Dean Andrew R. , Thompson Richard L. , Smith Bryan T.
Published: June 2019

The southeastern United States has become a prime area of focus in tornado-related literature due, in part, to the abundance of tornadoes occurring in high-shear low-CAPE (HSLC) environments. Through this analysis of 4133 tornado events and 16 429 tornado warnings in the southeastern United States, we find that tornadoes in the Southeast do indeed have, on average, higher shear and lower CAPE than tornadoes elsewhere in the contiguous United States (CONUS). We also examine tornado warning skill in the form of probability of detection (POD; percent of tornadoes receiving warning prior to tornado occurrence) and false alarm ratio (FAR; percent of tornado warnings for which no corresponding tornado is detected), and find that, on average, POD is better and FAR is worse for tornadoes in the Southeast than for the CONUS as a whole. These measures of warning skill remain consistent even when we consider only HSLC tornadoes. The Southeast also has nearly double the CONUS percentage of deadly tornadoes, with the highest percentage of these deadly tornadoes occurring during the spring, the winter, and around local sunset. On average, however, the tornadoes with the lowest POD also tend to be those that are weakest and least likely to be deadly; for the most part, the most dangerous storms are indeed being successfully warned.
Are We All Amazon Primed? Consumers and the Politics of Platform Power
Authors: Culpepper Pepper D. , Thelen Kathleen
Published: June 2019

This article articulates a distinctive source of political influence of some technology firms, which we call platform power. Platform power inheres in companies of economic scale that provide the terms of access through which large numbers of consumers access goods, services, and information. Firms with platform power benefit from a deference from policymakers, but this deference is not primarily a function of direct influence through lobbying or campaign contributions, nor does it come from the threat of disinvestment. Companies with platform power instead benefit from the tacit allegiance of consumers, who can prove a formidable source of opposition to regulations that threaten these platforms. Focusing on the critical role played by consumers in explaining the powers platform firms wield in the rich democracies lends insight as well into their distinctive vulnerabilities, which flow from events that split the consumer–platform alliance or that cue citizen, as opposed to consumer, political identities.
The Symbolic Efficacy of Pope Francis’s Religious Capital and the Agency of the Poor
Authors: Morello Gustavo
Published: June 2019

This article explores the paradox between Pope Francis’s success as a critic of global markets and the limitations of his religious capital in his home country of Argentina. While for some observers it might be obvious that the pope can influence people’s thinking about social and political matters, the findings of this article highlight the role of ‘non-specialist’, ordinary believers in setting limits to Francis’s religious power. Using Bourdieusian theory and a ‘lived religion’ methodological approach, I explore the agency of ordinary believers in the religious field. By studying the limits regular believers established to the efficacy of Pope Francis’s religious capital, we better understand how the agency of non-specialists operates in the religious field. This research is based on a non-random sample of semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 42 lower socioeconomic status interviewees, self-identified as Catholics, Evangelicals, Others and Non-Affiliated; conducted in Córdoba, Argentina from November 2015 to December 2016.
Acted upon and acted through: Unions, consent and contestation vis-a-vis High Performance Work Systems in the automobile industry
Authors: Rutherford Tod D , Frangi Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

Comparing Canadian, German and Swedish automotive unions, this article examines why since the 1990s unions have increasingly accepted High Performance Work Systems (HPWS). ‘External’ factors such as globalization, outsourcing and state neoliberal policies are important, but drawing upon Gramsci and Burawoy, the article adopts an ‘internal’ perspective emphasizing (a) how the mystification of the wage relation is a basis for capital’s workplace hegemony and (b) the role of union agency via ‘defend and restore’ and ‘modernize and adapt’ strategies. The article argues that by incorporating union resistance, HPWS has acted through unions as much as it has acted upon them.
Mate Preferences for Warmth-Trustworthiness Predict Romantic Attraction in the Early Stages of Mate Selection and Satisfaction in Ongoing Relationships
Authors: Valentine Katherine A. , Li Norman P. , Meltzer Andrea L. , Tsai Ming-Hong
Published: June 2019

People seek warm and trustworthy individuals as long-term mates for numerous reasons. Indeed, such individuals are prone to cooperation, have strong parenting skills, have the ability to fulfill our need to belong, and may provide a relationship that is characterized by greater closeness, protection, acceptance, and safety. Although prior work has shown that both sexes indicate equally strong preferences for these traits in potential mates, few studies have examined whether people actually respond favorably to partners high in warmth-trustworthiness in live mating contexts. We, thus, demonstrated that people’s stated preferences for warmth-trustworthiness (a) predicted their attraction to potential mates in a live mate-selection context (Study 1) and (b) interacted with their partners’ actual traits to predict satisfaction with their marriages (Study 2). Together, these studies demonstrate the importance of partner traits associated with warmth and trustworthiness and add to recent research suggesting that people can accurately report their romantic-partner preferences.
Inventory Policy Choice and Cost of Debt: A Private Debtholders’ Perspective
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Darrough Masako
Published: June 2019

Prior research suggests that last-in-first-out (LIFO) inventory policy produces higher accruals quality than first-in-first-out (FIFO), leading to lower information risk for LIFO firms. Equity investors, in turn, price lower information risk by giving a premium to LIFO firms. Prior research also suggests that LIFO inventory policy, by understating aggregate earnings and net assets, creates hidden reserves that can be released to produce higher future earnings. Prior research, however, is silent on how debtholders price inventory policy choice. Focusing on private debtholders, we explore three research questions: (a) Do private debtholders price LIFO differently from FIFO? (b) If so, how does downside risk affect the pricing of LIFO? and (c) What is the underlying reason for the pricing effect, accounting quality, or hidden reserves? First, we find that LIFO is associated with a lower loan spread than FIFO. Not surprisingly, the pricing effect of LIFO is larger in high-inflation years than in other years. Second, we find that the pricing effect of LIFO is much larger for unrated firms than for rated firms. Third, we find that the negative association between LIFO and loan spread is driven primarily by hidden LIFO reserves rather than accounting quality. Overall, our evidence shows that inventory policy choice affects private debtholders’ pricing decisions, and this effect is primarily due to future earnings implications of hidden LIFO reserves.
The Enduring State: An analysis of governance-making in three mining conflicts
Authors: Maher Rajiv , Valenzuela Francisco , Böhm Steffen
Published: June 2019

This article investigates the profound ambiguity of the state in the organization of contemporary business–society relations. On the one hand, there has been a decisive shift from government to governance, encouraging private actors, such as corporations, communities and NGOs, to address social and environmental concerns themselves, i.e. without the state’s involvement. On the other hand, however, the continued importance and relevance of the organized state is difficult to ignore. In this article we examine the role of the state in three cases of mining conflicts in Chile, one of the world’s most important mining countries. Through longitudinal, qualitative research of conflictive mining governance relations between state organizations, large corporations and local communities, we show that the modes of influence conducted by the Chilean state oscillate between direct, central steering (‘cathedral’) and indirect, dispersed vouching (‘bazaar’). Elaborating on Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we offer a hybrid theory of state organization, where the dematerialization of the state’s responsibility is seen not as the norm but rather as a particular mode of governance that sits alongside the underestimated, yet enduring, material involvement of the state.
Toxic Peripheral Neuropathies: Agents and Mechanisms
Authors: Valentine William M.
Published: June 2019

Toxic peripheral neuropathies are an important form of acquired polyneuropathy produced by a variety of xenobiotics and different exposure scenarios. Delineating the mechanisms of neurotoxicants and determining the degenerative biological pathways triggered by peripheral neurotoxicants will facilitate the development of sensitive and specific biochemical-based methods for identifying neurotoxicants, designing therapeutic interventions, and developing structure–activity relationships for predicting potential neurotoxicants. This review presents an overview of the general concepts of toxic peripheral neuropathies with the goal of providing insight into why certain agents target the peripheral nervous system and produce their associated lesions. Experimental data and the main hypotheses for the mechanisms of selected agents that produce neuronopathies, axonopathies, or myelinopathies including covalent or noncovalent modifications, compromised energy or protein biosynthesis, and oxidative injury and disruption of ionic gradients across membranes are presented. The relevance of signaling between the main components of peripheral nerve, that is, glia, neuronal perikaryon, and axon, as a target for neurotoxicants and the contribution of active programmed degenerative pathways to the lesions observed in toxic peripheral neuropathies is also discussed.
Long‐term Efficacy of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty among Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: He Mu , Yin Guoping , Zhan Siyan , Xu Jinkun , Cao Xin , Li Jingjing , Ye Jingying
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and potential predictors of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) among adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Data Sources

A systematic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until December 2018.

Review Methods

Full‐text articles were selected that studied adult patients who underwent single‐level UPPP or its modification for OSA and had a long‐term follow‐up (at least 34 months) with objective sleep study results. Studies that had no objective outcomes or performed other surgical procedures for OSA were excluded.

Results

Of 2600 studies, 11 were included. Meta‐analysis comparing long‐term post‐ and preoperative outcomes showed significant improvements, with an 15.4 event/h (46.1%) decrease of apnea‐hypopnea index. Compared with the short‐term outcomes (3‐12 months), the long‐term outcomes were less effective, with apnea‐hypopnea index increasing 12.3 events/h (63.8%) and the surgical response decreasing from 67.3% to 44.35%. Subanalysis of individual patient data showed significant correlations of baseline body mass index, lowest arterial oxygen saturation, and proportion of sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% with long‐term surgical response.

Conclusions

Despite the surgical efficacy decreasing over time, UPPP and its modification are an effective surgical method for adult OSA in both the short term and the long term after the surgery. Baseline body mass index, lowest arterial oxygen saturation, and proportion of sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% were potentially predictive for long‐term surgical response. Case‐control studies of the long‐term surgical effect of OSA are needed.
Citizen Participation and Its Impact on Performance in U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Amirkhanyan Anna A. , Cheon Ohbet , Davis Jourdan A. , Meier Kenneth J. , Wang Fei
Published: June 2019

Fundamental to democratic societies, citizen participation is an important tool for promoting active, informed, and empowered citizenry as well as responsive and accountable administration. Past literature on citizen participation has focused on its determinants, forms, and prevalence. This study examines the relationship between a specific form of citizen participation—client participation—and organizational performance. We use hybrid data on U.S. nursing homes that combine a survey of nursing home administrators’ managerial practices with federal performance appraisal data. Our empirical findings suggest that more intense levels of client participation, such as the use of clients’ feedback in decision-making, are positively associated with performance: They increase the overall five-star ratings and lower health deficiencies. In contrast, less intense client participation efforts, such as merely communicating with client/family groups, are not significantly related to performance. This study highlights the role of participation intensity, suggesting that public administrators should not only go beyond informing and listening to their stakeholders, but also take steps to use the obtained feedback in organizational decision-making.
Locating a zeitgeist: Displacement, becoming and the end of alterity
Authors: Hinkson Melinda
Published: June 2019

As displacement and dislocation become increasingly widespread human experiences, the future-focused analytic of becoming is gaining considerable traction in anthropological theorising. This article explores what an emphasis on becoming precludes from view. As anthropologists chase fine-grained understandings of human life on the move, while also attempting to account for the discipline’s colonial legacy, it is increasingly common to find place-based alterity dismissed as no longer relevant, or to find it reduced to little more than abstract products of colonial imaginaries, forms of domination and totalising social theory. Ethnography of Warlpiri displacement describes vigorous practices through which people creatively draw forth, refashion and deploy place-based certainties of the past to tackle the pressing challenges of the present. Exploring this ethnography against diverse settings of displacement, I argue that a fully engaged contemporary anthropology would attend to the ways in which people under duress continue to draw upon distinctively place-based concepts, principles and associations to endure and reimagine the circumstances of their lives.
Analysis and validation of femur bone data using finite element method under static load condition
Authors: Mathukumar S , Nagarajan VA , Radhakrishnan A
Published: June 2019

Humans face bone fracture when they unfortunately met an accident, which requires timely medical attention for healing and repairing the fractured bone; otherwise that paralyzes their life. 3D modeling technique with computational method is very helpful at the side of doctors for healing and repairing the damaged bones. Fractional bone healing is one of the natural processes, which regain the mechanical reliability of the bone to a limited level of failures. The relationship between the biology and mechanics has introduced a new branch namely biomechanics. Various biomechanics models were used to identify the fracture for different patients and helps in the fracture treatment. The aim of this work is to find out the high stress concentration area of the femur bone, which has been extracted as image from computer tomography scanner. The retrieved noise-free femur bone image is tested by the static load condition with the help of the finite element analysis. The result obtained from the testing of different loads has been compared with the existing literature. It is found that the femur bone has tensile and compressive stress, and the neck area of the femur is at a very high stress concentration. The outcome of this work is much supportive to orthopedic surgeons in femur surgery and bone prosthesis by avoiding experiments on femur bone.
The fluid–structure–thermal coupled characteristics of the leakage rate of piston couples interface for common-rail injector
Authors: Yue Pengfei , Zhao Jianhui , Wei Kebiao , Ma Xiuzhen
Published: June 2019

In this article, a mathematical fluid–structure–thermal model for fuel leakage of piston couples was developed, with consideration of the physical properties of fuel, elastic deformation, and temperature distribution along the seal length. The calculated results were compared with experimental static fuel leakage data. Based on this model, the effects of various factors on the fuel leakage were investigated. The results showed, at pressures under 100 MPa, the most dominant influence on the fuel leakage of a piston couple was the initial clearance; however, as the pressure increased from 100 to 200 MPa, the influence of the initial clearance gradually weakened, while the effects of the piston diameter, elastic modulus, and diameter of the piston sleeve increased and became more significant; in this case, the piston diameter replaced the initial clearance as the most dominant factor. At a pressure range of 200–300 MPa, the effects of the elastic modulus exceeded the effects of the initial clearance and became the second most important factor. Therefore, simply adjusting the initial clearance is not an effective method to reduce fuel leakage. An increase in the seal length significantly influences the fuel leakage only under relatively low-pressure conditions, as the effect weakens with increasing pressure. As a result, under high-pressure conditions, it is necessary to consider both the diameter of the piston and the elastic modulus to reduce the fuel leakage.
Comparison of dynamic models based on backbone curve for rotary magneto-rheological damper
Authors: Yu Jianqiang , Dong Xiaomin , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Weihua
Published: June 2019

To realize the accurate control of magneto-rheological system, the nonlinear dynamic model as the joint of damper and control strategy is worthy of being investigated. In this study, the modeling methods based on the backbone curve are proposed to portray the dynamic characteristics of magneto-rheological damper. The modeling methods contain the phase lag method and the hysteresis division method. Six novel algebraic models are deduced from the two methods and compared systematically. The parameters identification of models is conducted by the nonlinear least square method. The nonlinear least square optimization problem is solved by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The evaluation indexes including the root-mean-square error, mean deviation and computation time are calculated to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of the novel models. Results show that the modeling methods and their models can describe the nonlinear hysteretic characteristics with feasibility and accuracy.
Model order reduction in aerodynamics: Review and applications
Authors: Mendonça Gonçalo , Afonso Frederico , Lau Fernando
Published: June 2019

The need of the aerospace industry, at national or European level, of faster yet reliable computational fluid dynamics models is the main drive for the application of model reduction techniques. This need is linked to the time cost of high-fidelity models, rendering them inefficient for applications like multi-disciplinary optimization. With the goal of testing and applying model reduction to computational fluid dynamics models applicable to lifting surfaces, a bibliographical research covering reduction of nonlinear, dynamic, or steady models was conducted. This established the prevalence of projection and least mean squares methods, which rely on solutions of the original high-fidelity model and their proper orthogonal decomposition to work. Other complementary techniques such as adaptive sampling, greedy sampling, and hybrid models are also presented and discussed. These projection and least mean squares methods are then tested on simple and documented benchmarks to estimate the error and speed-up of the reduced order models thus generated. Dynamic, steady, nonlinear, and multiparametric problems were reduced, with the simplest version of these methods showing the most promise. These methods were later applied to single parameter problems, namely the lid-driven cavity with incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and varying Reynolds number, and the elliptic airfoil at varying angles of attack for compressible Euler flow. An analysis of the performance of these methods is given at the end of this article, highlighting the computational speed-up obtained with these techniques, and the challenges presented by multiparametric problems and problems showing point singularities in their domain.
Acculturation as intergenerational trajectory and accountability concerns in immigrant youth discourse
Authors: Figgou Lia , Sapountzis Antonis , Gorrea Anjeza , Tzouvelekis Panos
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study is to explore the ways in which young ‘second generation’ immigrants from Albania in Greece account for their acculturation in semi-structured interviews and orient to different acculturation strategies. Interviews took place in Thessaloniki and 6 women and 13 men, aged between 21 and 30 years, participated. Analysis, which used the tools and concepts of discursive and rhetorical social psychology, indicated that participants’ accounts of acculturation involve multifaceted temporal, intergenerational and intergroup comparisons and juxtapositions which raise important dilemmas of accountability and involve interesting tensions and contradictions. Within these comparative accounts, participants are concurrently oriented to both construct themselves as active agents of a successful integration procedure, on one hand, and to show affinity to important ‘others’, on the other hand. Therefore, the prioritization of different acculturation strategies constitutes the by-product of managing ideological dilemmas in context.
Conceptualizing intellectual attention
Authors: Fortney Mark
Published: June 2019

Remembering that there’s a difference between intellectual and perceptual attention can help us avoid miscommunication due to meaning different things by the same terms, which has been a particular problem during the last hundred years or so of the study of attention. I demonstrate this through analyzing in depth one such miscommunication that occurred in a philosophical criticism of the influential psychological text, Inattentional Blindness. But after making the distinction between perceptual attention and intellectual attention, and after making an effort to keep this distinction in mind, we are still faced with the problem of specifying what makes intellectual attention distinct from perceptual attention. In the second half of this article, I discuss the range of proposals about how to understand intellectual attention that are present in the literature, and the problems with them. I do this with the aim of stimulating further discussion about how best to conceptualize intellectual attention, although I do not settle that further question within this paper.