bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANGES JUSTIFICATION IN A CALCULATING METHOD OF LOAD STABILITY OF AUTOMOTIVE HOISTING CRANES AND AUTOMOTIVE MANIPULATOR CRANES BASED ON THE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS ANALYSIS
Authors: Pugin K. G.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. The main requirement for lifting equipment is a strict compliance with safe operation measures. Therefore, special attention is focused on this issue when designing each unit of the equipment. However, despite the extensive list of the current normative documents and systematic monitoring, according to the annual official reports of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision over recent years the facilities that use lifting structures have high indicators for the number of accidents. In addition, the study of a load stability ratio determining in the design of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes is particularly relevant at the present time due to a wide development of new lifting equipment as the development of the market for cranes has resulted in the occurrence of new technical issues in design and manufacture this type of lifting equipment. As part of the research work to improve the accuracy of calculating the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes based on the analysis of existing normative and technical documents the possible occurrence of the accidents causes due to imperfection of regulatory instructions or non-compliance with regulatory instructions during design manufacturer work was considered.

Materials and methods. This article is devoted to the study the fundamental principles of the nominative documents regulating the design and operation of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes. Both of the current and archived nominative documents in the field of lifting equipment are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of determining the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes.

Discussion and conclusion. The key differences in the calculating method of the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes are highlighted. The accidents statistics of load-lifting mechanisms and lifting structures of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision are given. The main causes of lifting equipment accidents are highlighted. The ways of solving the modernization of the existing methodology for determining the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes are proposed by including previously unrecorded factors related to the technical features of the chassis which contributes to improving the accuracy of the obtained values of the load stability ratio.
农民合作社功能研究总框架“三位一体”图解
Authors: 谢 元态
Published: July 2020

根据人类社会 - 政治 - 经济理性“三位一体”与合作社社会 - 政治 - 经济功能“三位一体”关系的学理逻辑，设计贯穿始终的“三位一体”农民合作社功能研究的总体分析框架。主体研究内容包括五个部分：（ 1）经典理论包括马恩 - 列宁斯大林 - 毛泽东刘少奇邓子恢论合作社功能三位一体；（ 2）超越经典包括国际如以色列基布兹 - 美国新一代合作社 - 日本农协和新世纪中国浙江温州 - 江西石城 - 河北内丘 -- 贵州塘约综合改革试点的三位一体；（ 3）创新探索与（ 4）理性解释中国不同历史时期农村合作社三大基本功能的强弱变化和功能异化机理、中西方文化在合作社发展中的作用机理、中西方合作社主导功能演进的内在逻辑与外部条件、合作社与股份公司协同共生机理，重点解释了合作社被公司制的原因和股份合作制的合理性与发展前途；（ 5）功能回归包括甄别真假、回归路径及农地“三权分置”中“三权”的正误关系等。共 37 个“三位一体”图解，别具一格，完全切合中外合作社的客观实际。
论北大方正集团走向破产重组的不归之路
Authors: 商 庆龙
Published: July 2020

北大方正集团，这个庞然大物且曾经在 IT 领域独占鳌头的高新科技公司，作为中国最大的校企，最终还是在多元化跨行业经营和对创造资本帝国的妄想当中轰然倒塌。二十多年的高层内斗，耗尽了方正的实力，过去的叱咤风云不复存在，留下的只有巨大的债务窟窿。随着越来越多的借款到期，方正集团频频违约，股票随之冻结。最终，压垮方正集团的最后一根救命稻草终究还是出现了，方正集团扛不住了，于 2020 年 2 月宣布申请破产重组。论文通过两个方面去解析北大方正集团走向末路的根本原因，希望以此为典范帮助更多的企业避免犯下同样的错误，以便未来的事业之路走的更远。
企业基层党建政工工作如何落实和创新
Authors: 张 家余
Published: July 2020

随着社会的不断发展，经济水平的提升，以及全球化的不断深入，社会的开放程度越来越高，对各种思潮的包容性越来越强。再加上先进的计算机信息技术为人们提供了快捷的、多元化的信息获取方式，使得人们的思想日趋复杂。企业员工接受各种积极思潮影响的同时，也难免会受到一些消极思想的影响，从而以消极的、懒散的、唯利是图的态度去应对工作，不利于个人发展以及企业的长远发展。在此背景之下，企业基层党建政工工作尤为重要。论文围绕企业基层党建政工工作的落实与创新展开分析、探讨。
事业单位会计改革若干问题的探讨
Authors: 邓 媛媛
Published: July 2020

近些年来，中国事业单位不断深化改革，通过改革来不断优化事业单位财务管理质量。自从《新会计制度》的提出以及实行以来，中国事业单位会计的财务管理工作更加完善与规范化，因此它对中国事业单位的发展具有十分积极的意义。事业单位会计工作的规范化需要以制度进行约束，事业单位会计改革需要与企业实际发展情况相适应。论文围绕事业单位会计改革存在的一些问题展开了探讨。
强化油气资产全生命周期管理提升资产管理效
Authors: 高 涛
Published: July 2020

全生命周期管理在油气资产中的应用能有效解决当前油气资产管理存在的问题和不足，提高油气资产管理的质量和准确性，提升资产管理效益，保障油气企业的经济效益。因此，需要加强对油气资产全生命周期管理的认识和了解，明确油气资产全生命周期管理的要点和注意事项。论文主要针对加强油气资产全生命周期管理以及提升管理效益的相关对策方式进行探究，希望能为油气企业的可持续发展提供一定的参考。
财经类文本长难句翻译策略研究——以《经济学人》为例
Authors: 张 亚男
Published: July 2020

经济全球化的不断发展使国与国之间的经济贸易往来也愈加密切。然而东西方人思维方式的差异，语言的不通对经济协同发展的影响不容小觑。译者作为两种语言之间沟通的桥梁，需要仔细分析语言背后的信息，准确传达原语的内涵，为经济合作保驾护航。论文旨在分析《经济学人》中长难句的特点及其翻译策略，为财经类长难句的英汉翻译实践提供借鉴，缩小经济往来方面沟通的障碍。
农民专业合作社信用合作评价研究
Authors: 张 美
Published: July 2020

中国农民专业合作社历史悠久，具有几十年的发展历程，农民专业合作社的构建极大推动了中国农业朝“三化一体”方向演变。目前，中国农村金融体系面临的最大问题即是缺乏充足的资金，中国社会各界及政府等都将目光聚焦在了农民专业合作社上，试图借助农民专业合作社这一平台来解决农村金融体系面临的危机，增加农村的信贷供给等。论文重点分析了农民专业合作社信用合作机制的构建，针对此提出了相关的构建建议，以期有效解决现阶段中国农村金融体系的缺陷。
试论外观设计侵权对比对现有设计的引入
Authors: 许 慧
Published: July 2020

外观设计侵权对比中如何处理现有设计影响一直是难题，“整体对比，综合判断”更多强调外观的整体视觉效果，难以区分和评价现有设计对整体视觉效果所起到的作用。近年来主张的“创新原则”则被指责过分强调设计要点的区别特征，忽视了外观整体保护的精神，使侵权者容易投机取巧。如何处理现有设计在外观设计侵权对比中的引入对司法实践有着积极的意义。论文试图通过对现有设计与专利授权、侵权对比的关系出发，梳理出现有设计在侵权对比中存在的问题，提出“排除现有，重关创新，整体对比，综合判断”的对比思路，以期对专利外观设计侵权对比规则的发展有所裨益。
Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of sea cucumber (Muelleria lecanora) from Barrang Lompo Islands, Makassar South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf M. , U.A. Nur Fitriani , Mahyati L. , Imran M.
Published: July 2020

Barrang Lompo Island Waters is home for different species of marine biota of sea
cucumber (Muelleria lecanora). Many sea cucumber species have been used as health
supplements because they contain bioactive compounds that are beneficial to people in
Indonesia. Given this, our study was designed to investigate the phytochemical, and
antibacterial properties of crude acetone, methanol and hexane extract of sea cucumber
using maceration extraction methods. The sea cucumber extract was prepared and the
phytochemical profile was studied by analysing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
(GC-MS). Results showed that the extracts were a complex mixture of numerous
compounds; many of which were present in trace amounts antioxidants and antimicrobial;
hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (z) -, methyl ester (stearic acid
methyl ester), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-[(hexadecyloxy)methyl]oxirane, cholest5-en-3-yl acetate, ergosta-14,22-dien-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.,5.alpha.,22e), 5,8,11,14-
eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, (all-z) epa/omega 3, pentacosane, hexatriacontane, and
9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z). The extract was also evaluated for activity against
three pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and
Salmonella) using the disc diffusion method. The extract exhibited clear zones of
inhibition against the tested bacteria. Maximum inhibitory zone concentration values were
demonstrated to be: Escherichia coli = 6.84 mm , Staphylococcus aureus = 7.22 mm, and
Salmonella = 7.87 mm. These results revealed the significant potential of sea cucumber as
a source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents and also highlight the necessity of
further purification and characterisation of solitary bioactive compounds for their
prospective applications in pharmaceutical industries, food, and nutraceutical (food
functional)
Dairying, Dispossession, Devastation
Authors: Wynyard Matthew
Published: July 2020

The past three-and-a-half decades of neoliberal orthodoxy in New Zealand have been marked by the rapid expansion and intensification of the New Zealand dairy industry. In the years since direct agricultural subsidies and supports were removed in the mid-1980s, the national dairy herd has more than doubled and the area given over to dairying has increased by some 750,000 hectares. This relentless drive to intensify has come at a simply enormous environmental cost: New Zealanders, present and future, are being systematically dispossessed of cherished freshwater ecosystems and endemic biodiversity. In this paper, I argue that this is but the latest episode in a long history of often-violent dispossession that has been crucial to the historical development of capitalist agriculture in New Zealand. In so doing, I draw on Marx’s theory of primitive accumulation.
Māori Mārx
Authors: Barber Simon
Published: July 2020

This article gathers together some provisional materials for the construction of a Māori Mārx. I begin by following Marx’s thought as he continually complexifies his understanding of the determinants of history in his search for the proper starting place for a materialist dialectics. I leave historical Marx at the close of his life, occupied with the passionate study of Indigenous modes of life. Returning his gaze, I read Marx from an Indigenous perspective, sketching some of the lineaments of a Māori Mārx for whom whakapapa is the central concept. From this perspective, I describe an Indigenous, comparative, and historical materialism, termed ‘geometry of life’, that seeks the consistency between modes of life and the modes of thinking that emanate within them. I close by suggesting that we must conceive of ourselves as part of the ensemble powers of a proletarian Papatūānuku if we are to conserve the earth and abolish capital.
A Socialist Compass for Aotearoa
Authors: Webb Danielle
Published: July 2020

In this article, I argue that both tino rangatiratanga and socialism lie at the heart of emancipatory politics in Aotearoa New Zealand. For Māori, the economy has always been a dynamic site of interaction with the state and corporate bodies, and today the Māori economy is celebrated by some as a space where tino rangatiratanga can be realised. For the most part, though, the capitalist economy has been a site of exploitation for Māori. Given the inextricable relations between capitalism and colonialism, I present the case for Māori socialism as an emancipatory response to both. To do so, I employ Erik Olin Wright’s socialist compass, a conceptual tool that points to a variety of economic pathways towards socialism. But there is a major problem with Wright’s compass: it only has three points (state power, economic power, and social power). I extend Wright’s vision for socialism by completing the compass, adding to it a much needed fourth point: tino rangatiratanga. The resulting ‘Aotearoa socialist compass’ can be used to orient us towards Māori socialism—a socialist economy in which tino rangatiratanga is realised.
Pity, Hate, Resentment, and the Left
Authors: Stephens Murdoch
Published: July 2020

This intervention argues that our understanding of negative emotions is underdeveloped due to the urge to expel negativity from the personal and political spheres. By invoking the antagonism of Chantal Mouffe’s philosophy, the article provides a conceptual grounding of pity, hate, and resentment by explaining these emotions based on whether the person feeling them sees the other as inferior, equal, or superior. For the Left, the intervention argues, a better understanding of these emotions will help people think through their own antagonisms, to counter accusations that all Left opposition is mere resentment, and to promote solidarity. Finally, the article seeks to hold open a space for a hatred that is neither pathologised nor eradicated.
Age of the Void
Authors: El-Ojeili Chamsy
Published: July 2020

Review of Marco Revelli, The New Populism. A detailed account of the erosion of the liberal centre and the spread of populism across the United States, United Kingdom, and continental Europe.
Feminine Praxis
Authors: Cremin Ciara
Published: July 2020

Dresses and skirts are emblematic of a feminine style and also of women’s subordination to men. But the fashion these days for what is erroneously called gender-neutral or unisex clothing is neither a sign of progress nor of victory of feminists against patriarchy. For while in protest of their physical and symbolic impositions women were abandoning feminine affect and apparel, without the political motive and under no pressure to do likewise, men enacted no equivalent abandonment of masculinity. With femininity subtracted out, the style men are habituated to wearing became gender neutral by default and nothing was or is sacrificed by men to achieve it. The process of becoming a man is an aversion therapy in anything held as feminine. This article centres on what I call a ‘feminine praxis’, a practice of thought and action with the aim of ending masculine domination. The idea, and what it entails, is unpacked through a range of theoretical sources and interventions germane to the topic, including Marxist, feminist, and queer theory.
The Lloyd's Litigation
Authors: MacKenzie Alan
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to provide a general background to the recent spate of litigation generated within the Lloyd's market. It is intended to provide an overview of the more important categories of cases, and of some of the more important decisions. It is not intended to deal with all the relevant decisions, or provide a detailed review or analysis of those decisions which are discussed.
Insurance Against Liability to Pay Statutory Fines and Penalties
Authors: Jurgeleit Chris
Published: July 2020

Contracts of insurance which deliberately insure a person against liability to pay fines or penalties have long been regarded as being contrary to public policy and therefore unlawful and unenforceable. So entrenched is this view that these sorts of contracts have not been a standard part of insurance companies' offerings and the courts have not had to deal specifically with any one-off such contracts as might have existed. Several insurers are now offering, as a fairly standard component of their corporate/business/commercial packages, cover against liability for fines and penalties which may be imposed under certain pieces of recent legislation (particularly environmental, health and safety and consumer protection legislation). This article examines the principles underlying the view that fines and penalties insurances are unlawful, and discusses an alternative argument and its chances of success in the context of Resource Management Act offences.
Conflicts of Interest Faced by Solicitors Instructed by Insurers to Conduct Litigation on Behalf of Insureds
Authors: Chapman Chris , Mallon Jillian
Published: July 2020

If an insurer pays on a claim for loss, either by the terms of the insurance contract itself or by virtue of its equitable right of subrogation, the insurer becomes entitled to stand in the shoes of the insured and pursue any person causing the loss. That may involve the insurer instructing solicitors to issue a proceeding in which the insured will be named as the plaintiff. The insured's co-operation is required by the terms of the insurance contract. Although remunerated by the insurer, the solicitors will be on the record as solicitors for the insured as the named plaintiff. In the course of conducting the litigation and, in particular, in the course of interviewing the insured, it may come to the solicitors' attention that the insurer did have grounds for rejecting the claim. In addition, the insured's lack of co-operation in the prosecution of the claim may amount to a breach of the insured's contractual obligation to assist. In such instances, conflicts of interest arise. In addition, where the policy provides for a deductible which is other than nominal, decisions made as to the conduct of the litigation, in particular, decisions relating to settlement of claims, may impact differently on insurer and insured and give rise to conflicts of interest. Part I of this article looks at conflicts faced by solicitors who, while acting for both insurer and insured, become aware of grounds upon which a claim under a policy could be rejected or, in the case of a claim which has already been accepted, could have been rejected. Part II examines a number of conflict problems which can arise in the conduct of litigation other than conflicts caused by the discovery of grounds for rejection.
Enforcement of Insurance Contracts by or on behalf of Third Parties
Authors: Brian David B
Published: July 2020

The object of this article is to identify and analyse various actions which may assist a third party who is refused indemnification by an insurer on the ground that s/he was not privy to the contract of insurance. Enforcement of the contract pursuant to the Contracts (Privity) Act 1982 is identified as the most appropriate option that is potentially available to a third party. However, in order for the Act to apply to insurance policies, it will be necessary for the Court of Appeal to overrule or distinguish a body of case law on the Act which has arisen from cases concerning nominees.
Third Parties and the Insolvent Insured: Enforcement of the Statutory Charge Created by Section 9 of the Law Reform Act 1936.
Authors: Affleck Louise
Published: July 2020

With its ancestry based in the early Workers' Compensation Acts, s 9 of the Law Reform Act 1936 was intended to be a general rule to provide that where there is a wrong perpetrated by a person who is insured, the injured person can have a lien on the insurance moneys. This article discusses the scope and functions of s 9, identifies some problems and suggests that, after 60 years, it is time to review this piece of legislation.
Merging Formality and Informality in Dispute Resolution
Authors: Wada Y
Published: July 2020

From a legal sociologist's perspective of focusing on the views of the participants themselves, this article considers the various positions adopted with respect to Alternative Dispute Resolution, identifies unexplored issues, and argues that a dynamic view of dispute resolution implies the need for considerable fusion of formal and informal aspects in almost all dispute resolution processes.
A Republic with a Royal Crown - The Historical Development of the Holy Crown Concept in the Hungarian Constitution
Authors: Szakats Alexander
Published: July 2020

The idea of a Royal Crown personifying a state which is a Republic is an intriguing one. That is the situation of the Republic of Hungary. In this article, Professor Szakats traces the origins of the idea from the early days of Hungary through to its confirmation in 1989. The article also explores the nature and constitutional implications of the Crown as a legal person.
Foreign Investment in French Polynesia - Decision of 9 April 1996 of the French Constitutional Council
Authors: Sage Yves-Louis
Published: July 2020

Investment projects especially in tourism are booming in French Polynesia and the future prosperity of the Territory relies largely on their success. However, foreign investments remain highly controlled by the territorial authorities. The measures adopted by the Territorial Assembly on 21 November 1996 despite, or as a consequence of, decision 96-373 of the French Constitutional Council, set out all the legal requirements for foreign investors in a way which leads to strong reservations as to their validity and their practical implementation.
Annoted Select Bibliography of Japanese Business and Trade Law in Western Languages
Authors: Baum H , Nottage L
Published: July 2020

This annotated bibliography updates Baum's earlier bibliography in German. It comprises an annotated guide to general source material dating from around 1970, and a select bibliography of other works dating from around 1993. It includes a guide to useful sites on the Internet. As well as introducing and identifying publications in English, this bibliography aims to make more accessible some of the material increasingly available in other Western languages. It also includes the growing volume of writing on Japanese law emanating from Commonwealth countries.
The Constitutional Case Law of Japan, 1970 through 1990
Authors: Angelo A H
Published: July 2020

This article is a book review of Lawrence N Beer and Hiroshi Itoh The Constitutional Case Law of Japan, 1970 through 1990 (University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1996) Pages i-xiv, 1-688 including appendices and index. The book contains 47 judgments of Japanese courts on constitutional matters delivered in the period 1970-1990, with most being from the Supreme Court of Japan. The editors, in the Introduction, provide an overview of Japan's constitutional law since 1945 and set the judicial developments in the general context of the Constitution of Japan, in its political setting and, more generally, in an international frame. Angelo praises the authors, concluding that this book is essential for all interested in legal and political developments in Japan.
Foreword
Authors: Endo Tetsuya
Published: July 2020

This is the Foreword to a special issue on Japanese Law written by the Ambassador of Japan.
Editorial Note
Authors: Angelo AH
Published: July 2020

This is the editorial note for a special issue on Japanese law.
Anorexia and the Refusal of Medical Treatment
Authors: Oliver J
Published: July 2020

The Bill of Rights Act 1990 gives everyone the right to refuse medical treatment. In Re CMC, the right of an anorexic patient to refuse treatment was overridden by the Family Court. Anorexia nervosa is recognised as a mental illness which predominantly affects women. This article considers the philosophical and legal basis for that decision. The writer also touches on the wider ethical and social issues raised by the decision.
Women's Experiences of the Justice System
Authors: Morris J
Published: July 2020

This article considers the impact of gender upon women's experiences of the New Zealand justice system, as lawyers and clients. As well as summarising study and survey material, it draws upon information provided to the Law Commission in the course of its project on Women's Acces to Justice: He Putanga mo nga Wahine ki te Tika. It concludes that women are still significantly disadvantaged by the justice system as a result of their gender and that there is an ongoing need for debate and consideration of these issues if women's access to justice is to be improved.
Defending Abused Women: Beginning a Critique of New Zealand Criminal Law
Authors: McDonald E
Published: July 2020

The role of abuse in the lives of women who offend has been an issue in a number of recent high profile cases. This article considers the application of a number of defences to cases of violent female offending and concludes that the substantive law does not adequately address the abusive context in which women, as opposed to men, commit criminal acts.
Ability to Pay in New Zealand's Tax System
Authors: Gunnarsson A
Published: July 2020

This article begins with a review of tax distribution principles and theory to provide a framework to which the position and interpretation of the ability to pay principle can be related. In the next three sections the author describes how the income tax base, the wealth tax and the income support system correspond with the ability to pay principle. Finally, the author looks upon new equity trends in taxation from a New Zealand perspective.
Is a Specialist Employment Court a Better Forum for women?
Authors: Gay M , Burton B , Dalziel L
Published: July 2020

A series of seminars on "Women and Employment" were held at Victoria University of Wellington in July 1997. The topic of the seminar was whether a specialist employment court is a better forum for women. The following article is based on Maxine Gay's speech at the seminar. She believes that although the Employment Court may have made gender biased decisions, the Court should nevertheless be retained. She argues that a specialist employment court is important for women because it recognises that the employment contract is one in which the parties have unequal power and it should therefore be treated differently from other contracts. She takes the view that the suggestion by the Business Round Table and Employers' Federation to abolish the Employment Court is part of a wider agenda to casualise the labour force and reduce the rights of employees.
Early childhood education and care for Indigenous children and their families from colonised nations: working towards culturally meaningful service provision
Authors: Grace R , Skerrett Mary , Ritchie Jenny , Greenwood M , Trudgett M
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Early childhood education and care for Indigenous children and their families from colonised nations: working towards culturally meaningful service provision
Authors: Grace R , Skerrett Mary , Ritchie J , Greenwood M , Trudgett M
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Troubling the psychosocial: Jock Young's late modern subjectivity from Sartre to Marcuse
Authors: Salman Sarah
Published: July 2020

No description supplied
Pencarian Rute Terpendek Pada Distribusi Raw Material Metode Djikstra Di PT. SHP
Authors: Nurrizky Muhammad Faizal , Dwiagnes Sofia , Anggraeni Nitta Fitria
Published: July 2020

Perusahaan dapat memilih jasa makloon untuk memproduksi produknya. Jasa ini akan membantu perusahaan dalam memangkas modal usaha. Paling tidak, perusahaan tidak perlu mengalokasikan dana besar untuk membangun pabrik sehingga perusahaan dapat langsung menjalankan bisnisnya. Dengan menggunakan jasa makloon, beberapa kebijakan perusahaan mengirimkan bahan bakunya kepada perusahaan yang menyediakan jasa makloon. Dalam proses pengiriman bahan baku, perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan jalur transportasi yang akan dilewati untuk meminimumkan biaya transportasi. Maka harus dicari jalur transportasi terpendek agar jarak yang ditempuh menjadi optimal dan ongkos yang harus dikeluarkan dapat diminimalisir. PT. SHP yang berlokasi didaerah Cikampek kabupaten Karawang akan menggunakan jasa makloon di PT. UJA yang berlokasi di Padalarang Bandung. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah menggunakan algoritma Djikstra. Dari banyaknya jalur alternatif yang dimiliki perusahaan, dicari jarak terpendek yang nanti menjadi solusi paling optimal bagi perusahaan.
Authors: Sopandi Deryl Baharudin , Salsabila Salwa , Anggraeni Nitta Fitria
Published: July 2020

Penentuan rute distribusi merupakan hal yang penting bagi perusahaan untuk meminimalkan biaya distribusi. Sebagai penjual galon air minum isi ulang, pemilihan rute yang optimal perlu menjadi perhatian Depot Banyu Belik karena mempengaruhi biaya pengiriman galon tersebut. Saving matrix adalah salah satu metode untuk penentuan rute distribusi yang optimal. Rute pengiriman sesungguhnya belum tentu memiliki jarak rute yang simetris antara perjalanan menuju tujuan dan pulang ke depot, sehingga rute yang tidak simetris perlu dipertimbangkan. Penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan rute distribusi menggunakan metode Saving matrix yang lebih baik dari segi jarak, waktu, dan biaya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah penggabungan 10 rute distribusi, penghematan jarak sebesar 38,44%, penghematan waktu 29,52%, dan penghematan biaya distribusi sebesar 32,01%.
Determination of the total content of aromatic hydrocarbons by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy in the products of diesel hydrofining
Authors: Mikhaylova K. A. , Cherepanov V. D. , Volegova A. Yu. , Kuzora I. E.
Published: July 2020

A comparative analysis of current methods for determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in the components of diesel fuel revealed that IR spectrometry appeared to be the most optimal method for operational control of the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in medium distillate products of the hydrogenation process. We developed a procedure for quantitative determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in the components of diesel fuel using IR Fourier spectroscopy. The analysis of absorption spectra of the components of diesel fuel revealed that the optical density of the stretching vibration band of the aromatic ring is proportional to the quantitative content of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHC) in the components of diesel fuel. One of the components for compounding diesel fuels obtained at JSC «ANKhK» during hydrotreating of raw materials under severe conditions (30 MPa, 380 – 400°C) was selected as an object of the study. Conditions of IR spectrometric analysis (wave number — 1606.5 cm–1, cell material — NaCl, absorbing layer thickness — 0.1 cm) were specified after recording of the absorption spectrum of the purified component. To construct a calibration dependence the total AHC content and corresponding optical density of the sample were determined by the methods of HPLC and IR spectrometry, respectively. The samples of hydrogenate under study (taken at different timepoints) contained 1 – 8% AHC on average depending on the parameters of a continuously operating unit. The characteristics of the proposed procedure were evaluated in accordance with the requirements of RMG 76–2014. The correctness of the obtained results of AHC determination was confirmed in comparison with the data of independent (tetrimetric) analysis. The use of the developed method in analysis of other components of diesel fuel, requires additional studies to determine the interfering substances and assess their impact on the accuracy of AHC determination.
Study of the optical parameters of a silica-polymeric optical fiber with a reflective coating made of a thermoplastic fluoropolymer
Authors: Zamyatin A. A. , Makovetskii A. A. , Shilov I. P. , Lapshin D. V.
Published: July 2020

Silica optical fibers (OF) having a core diameter of 400 – 800 μm made of biocompatible materials are widely used in laser medicine. The results of studying the optical parameters of novel silica-polymeric optical fiber with a reflective thermoplastic copolymer coating (tetrafluoroethylene – ethylene) and the influence of coating conditions on these optical parameters are presented. Coatings from polymer melt were applied to the silica fiber surface by orifice drawing. The numerical aperture of the drawn OF was measured by distribution of the laser radiation emerging from OF in the far field. The optical losses were determined by the distribution of the radiation scattered by the reflective coating along the OF length. The scattering parameters of the laser radiation transmitted through OF were estimated by the intensity and indicatrix of scattering. We studied OF samples up to 50 m in length with a silica core of about 400 μm in diameter and reflective coating with a thickness of 70 – 90 μm, the reflective coating also performed a protective function. The quality of applied coating and optical parameters of the OF samples depended on the speed of fiber drawing (coating speed) Vd. A smooth coating was obtained at Vd ≤ 2 m/min. When Vd > 2 m/min the coating became rough, turning into the so-called «shark skin» at Vd = 6 m/min. Observed scattering of radiation passing through the studied OF samples was attributed to the polymer structure which contained both crystalline and amorphous phases with different values of the refractive index. The smallest scattering was observed in a smooth-coated OF. The total optical loss at a wavelength λ = 532 nm amounted to 300 – 720 dB/km (a nominal numerical aperture was 0.44). Short (1.5 – 3 m) OF samples were shown to provide a transmission of 80 – 93% of the input power.
Study of a hardened multilayer coating obtained by the cold gas-dynamic spraying with laser intensification
Authors: Gorunov A. I.
Published: July 2020

When reconstructing products obtained using additive technologies based on layer-by-layer melting of metal powder by concentrated energy flows, it is advisable to use methods that minimize melting of the initial powder and reduce structural heterogeneity of the material. Cold gas-dynamic spraying with laser-induced intensification of the process (CGDSL) is one of them. The multilayer coatings obtained by the CGDSL method have a homogeneous metal structure though a significant surface roughness attributed to the particle size of the original powder is observed. The goal of the study is to develop a new method of post-processing of multilayer coatings obtained by CGDSL which can provide a hardened layer on their surface. A hardened layer is formed through introduction of boron carbide powder particles into the laser-molten region formed on the surface of the coating based on 316L stainless steel. An acoustic wave triggered by a «microexplosion» induced by a laser pulse above the surface pushes carbide particles in different directions. Some of them are embedded into the melt pool on the surface of the coating. Thus, the laser microdetonation cartooning of the surface of the CGDSL coating is implemeted. Study of the hardened layer revealed a high content of B, C, Cr, Fe, and Ni. Moreover, it is shown that solid carbides of rhombic form are formed in the hardened layer. Chemical and elemental analyzes showed that diamond-shaped carbides — carbides of the type (Fe, Cr)xBy— contain a high concentration of Cr, Fe and a relatively small percentage of C. Most likely formation of diamond-shaped carbides occurs due to interaction of chromium which is a part of the initial hardened coating with boron that released from the surface of BC particles under laser impact. The developed method provides hardening of the surface layer of the coating previously obtained by CGDSL by embedding the BC powder particles into the surface. The technology of hardening CGDSL coatings can be implemented using other powder materials.
Probabilistic multiscale modeling of fracture in heterogeneous materials and structures
Authors: Lepikhin A. M. , Makhutov N. A. , Shokin Yu. I.
Published: July 2020

The probabilistic aspects of multiscale modeling of the fracture of heterogeneous structures are considered. An approach combining homogenization methods with phenomenological and numerical models of fracture mechanics is proposed to solve the problems of assessing the probabilities of destruction of structurally heterogeneous materials. A model of a generalized heterogeneous structure consisting of heterogeneous materials and regions of different scales containing cracks and crack-like defects is formulated. Linking of scales is carried out using kinematic conditions and multiscale principle of virtual forces. The probability of destruction is formulated as the conditional probability of successive nested fracture events of different scales. Cracks and crack-like defects are considered the main sources of fracture. The distribution of defects is represented in the form of Poisson ensembles. Critical stresses at the tops of cracks are described by the Weibull model. Analytical expressions for the fracture probabilities of multiscale heterogeneous structures with multilevel limit states are obtained. An approach based on a modified Monte Carlo method of statistical modeling is proposed to assess the fracture probabilities taking into account the real morphology of heterogeneous structures. A feature of the proposed method is the use of a three-level fracture scheme with numerical solution of the problems at the micro, meso and macro scales. The main variables are generalized forces of the crack propagation and crack growth resistance. Crack sizes are considered generalized coordinates. To reduce the dimensionality, the problem of fracture mechanics is reformulated into the problem of stability of a heterogeneous structure under load with variations of generalized coordinates and analysis of the virtual work of generalized forces. Expressions for estimating the fracture probabilities using a modified Monte Carlo method for multiscale heterogeneous structures are obtained. The prospects of using the developed approaches to assess the fracture probabilities and address the problems of risk analysis of heterogeneous structures are shown.
Probabilistic and statistical data models: a basis of applied statistics methods
Authors: Orlov A. I.
Published: July 2020

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Asymptotical problems of sequential interval and point estimation
Authors: Abdushukurov A. A. , Rakhimova G. G.
Published: July 2020

The accuracy of interval estimation systems is usually measured using interval lengths for given covering probabilities. The confidence intervals are the intervals of a fixed width if the length of the interval is determined, i.e., not random, and tends to zero for a given covering probability. We consider two important directions of statistical analysis -sequential interval estimation with confidence intervals of fixed width and sequential point estimation with asymptotically minimum risk. Two statistical models are used to describe the basis problems of sequential interval estimation by confidence intervals of a fixed width and point estimation. A review of data on nonparametric sequential estimation is carried out and new original results obtained by the authors are presented. Sequential analysis is characterized by the fact that the moment of termination of observations (stopping time) is random and is determined depending on the values of the observed data and on the adopted measure of optimality of the constructed statistical estimate. Therefore, to solve the asymptotic problems of sequential estimation, the methods of summation of random variables are used. To prove the asymptotic consistency of the confidence intervals of a fixed width, we used a method based on application of limit theorems for randomly stopped random processes. General conditions of the consistency and efficiency of sequential interval estimation of a wide class of functionals of an unknown distribution function are obtained and verified by sequential interval estimation of an unknown probability density of asymptotically uncorrelated and linear processes. Conditions of the regularity are specified that provide the property of being an estimate with an asymptotically minimum risk for a wide class of estimates and loss functions. Those conditions are verified by sequential point estimation of an unknown distribution function.
Relative Effectiveness of Generative Learning Strategy on Students’ Academic Achievement in Senior Secondary School Biology: Sustainable Development Perspective
Authors: ONANUGA Peter Abayomi
Published: July 2020

The study investigated the relative effectiveness of generative learning strategy on students’ academic achievement in secondary school Biology. The research design adopted for the study was pre-test, post-test control group quasi-experimental with a 2 x 2 factorial matrix. The groups were crossed with gender as moderating variable to determine its effect on students’ academic achievement. Seventy-six students (76) in the intact classes but purposively drawn from two schools that met a set of criteria constituted the experiment. The research instrument was a 30-item multiple choice test named Biology Achievement Test (BAT) subjected to validity and reliability tests, the test-retest reliability co-efficient yielded 0.78. The data collected were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics and the results showed significant main effect of the strategy on students’ academic achievement in senior secondary school Biology. It further revealed that the students exposed to the Generative Learning Strategy (GLS) achieved higher post-test mean achievement score compared to their counterparts exposed to the conventional method. It was recommended among others that the strategy should be integrated into teacher education programme to allow would-be teachers to have adequate understanding and knowledge of its use.
An Assessment of university undergraduates’ adoption of mobile technologies for learning
Authors: Lateef Olori Abiola , ADEBANJO ADEDOYIN ADEWALE , Ibrahim Omolola Aminat
Published: July 2020

The study examined influence of undergraduates’ perceived usefulness and ease of use of mobile technologies on its adoption for learning. Two research questions guided the study. Four hundred (400) students were randomly selected from the two purposively selected universities in Ogun State South West Nigeria. The study employed multiple regressions   in the analysis of the data collected.  From the result it was found out that undergraduate students’ perceived usefulness (=0.305, t=3.867, p<.05) has significant contribution on the adoption of mobile technologies for learning. Also, it was established that undergraduate students’ perceived ease of use (=0.151, t=1.992, p<.05) has significant contribution on the adoption of mobile technologies for learning. The study concluded that perception of students on the usefulness and ease of use influences adoption of mobile technology for learning. Amongst others, the study recommended the need to encourage undergraduates to adopt mobile technologies for learning instead of social media only.
Appraisal of the physics education programme in the National Open University of Nigeria
Authors: AMUSA JAMIU OLUWADAMILARE
Published: July 2020

The general apathy towards the study of physics education among the prospective science teachers can once again be raised as the National Open University of Nigeria marks its 15th years of providing functional, cost effective and life-long education to a very large number of Nigerians yearning for university education. Physics Education is arguably one of the few courses that gain the lowest patronage among science students across Nigerian universities. Hence, the discouraging phenomenon of low enrollment is not peculiar to NOUN. The case also becomes more disturbing when the study of physics education in an open and distance-learning environment becomes much more abstract than where you actually see the lecturer each time there is a class as it operates in the conventional university system. The challenge of sustaining physics education in the open and distance environment needs to be addressed towards improving enrollment of students into the programme. The paper has adopted a theoretical approach which examined the sequence of events as regard physics education in the past fifteen years of the existence of the National Open University of Nigeria. The challenges and prospects of this programme, which is at the centre of the nation’s scientific and technological independence were critically x-rayed in the light of current realities. Within the proposed set of recommendations, it was further suggested that the NOUN advocacy team, in collaboration with the Department of Science Education should take sensitization and awareness campaign to secondary school science students particularly on the prospects of enrolling into physics education programme.
Optimization of the parameters of the sewing thread cutting process
Authors: Novikov Yuri V , Krasner Stas
Published: July 2020

Sewing thread cutting processes are widely used in semi-automatic machines of the garment industry, and is an urgent problem. There is no scientifically based methodology for designing thread trimming mechanisms for semi-automatic sewing machines.

Cutting threads by the method of scissors does not provide complete cutting of all components of the thread in case of insufficient pressing of the knife planes to each other. To ensure complete trimming, a design cutting scheme has been developed and calculation formulas have been obtained for determining the force exerted by the thread on the movable knife, taking into account the mechanical characteristics of the cut sewing thread.
Investigation of the Overvoltages in Electrical Power Lines with a Grounded through a Resistance Neutral
Authors: Stanchev Plamen Antonov
Published: July 2020

The paper examines the variation of electrical variables during phase-to-ground faults on medium voltage electrical power lines with a grounded through a resistance neutral. The studies were performed with simulation models of a medium voltage electrical power line. The parameters under consideration have been the voltages and the currents in the transient and steady state operation of the line and more precisely their dependence on the variation of the arc resistance in the place of the fault and the distance from the fault to the supply source. Calculated, accordingly, is the overvoltage during the transient process, the maximum magnitude of the overvoltage and phase-to-earth fault current, the duration of the transient phase-to-ground fault current as well as  the maximum magnitude of the overvoltage оn the neutral.
GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF NEWLY RELEASED CASSAVA GENOTYPES AND HYBRID MAIZE TO INTERCROPPING
Authors: Ekwaro Benson , Wanaku Boniface , Katuromunda Sylvester
Published: July 2020

Cassava/maize intercrops have been reported to be highly productive, mainly because of their different growth patterns. However, there is limited information on the influence of maize planting density in the cassava/maize intercrop on the performance of hybrid maize and improved cassava genotypes in Uganda. Thus, this study determined whether recently released cassava genotypes which are selected on the basis of monocrop performance, would perform equally well when intercropped with hybrid maize varieties. Cassava genotypes NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14 intercropped with Longe 6H maize were evaluated using randomized complete block design and three replications. Treatments were: Sole maize (SM), sole cassava (SC), alternate rows of cassava and maize (1C:1M), and one row of cassava alternating with two rows of maize (1C:2M). Intercropping significantly increased the maize plant heights in the 1C:2M system than in sole maize. Cob length and number of rows per cob decreased as the plant population density increased. Maize grain yield under the 1C:1M system was comparable to that of sole cropping. The 1C:2M system gave significantly reduced grain yields when compared with those at 1C:1M. Cassava root yield decreased in the order (SM>1C:1M>1C:2M). Although the yields of both cassava and maize under sole cropping were higher than their intercrop counterparts, intercropping was more productive than sole cropping as evidenced by the land equivalent ratios.
THE DISSOCIATIVE CONFABULATORY PROBLEM
Authors: Trifu Simona , Boeru Irina , Vlaicu Ilinca , Trifu Amelia Damiana , Drăgoi Ana Miruna
Published: July 2020

Motivation/Background: The dissociative identity disorder implies as central defense the dissociation, that is being more recently studied. With the identification of the importance of this mechanism of functioning, the modern psychiatrists show the interest of this area, not only about the spectrum of the discharge, as was the case in Freud's time. Dissociative identity disorder involves a patient who can function in any registry, be it neurotic, psychotic or disharmonic.

Method: Study of specialized literature, psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychiatric perspective, psychiatric evaluation, evaluation of intrapsychic dynamics, transfer and countertransference analysis, hypnosis option study.

Results: Psychically, patients function within a DID, with particularities such as the construction of illogisms, reversing the cause with the effect, sliding the speech towards the secondary meanings of the words, sliding easily from general to particular and from abstract to concrete. From the dissociative dimension we find the impersonal speech or the use of several pronouns with reference to the self and the denial of reality as a handy way to deal with the trauma, which we suppose from the register of abuse.

Conclusions: We find several personalities with symbolic meanings, with a deficit of mentalization, sometimes with an emphatic laugh and an attitude of superiority.
SIMULATION STUDY OF PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN BRAZIL
Authors: De Oliveira Siqueira Antonio Marcos , Altabash Gabi Antoine , Barhouche Rayan Fadi , Silva Gabriel Siqueira , Villela Fábio Gonçalves
Published: July 2020

Various data reveals the potential of concentrated solar technologies for the electricity production. With global growing energy demand and green-house gas emission, concentrating solar power is considered as one of the promising options and has invited wide attention. In this work, a model for a 30 MW parabolic trough solar power plant system was developed for 31 different locations in Brazil, using TRNSYS simulation software, and TESS and STEC libraries. The power system consists of a parabolic trough solar collector loop connected to a power block by a series of heat exchangers. The solar collector loop consists of a field of parabolic trough collectors, stratified thermal storage tank, pump and heat exchangers to drive the power block and uses Therminol VP1 as heat transfer fluid. The results show that the cities of Recife (PE), Fortaleza (CE), Belterra (PA), Salvador (BA) and Petrolina (PE) stand out for their high monthly values of direct normal irradiation and, resulting the highest production of energy by the same configuration of Solar Central Power Plant.