bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernisation of Lighting Systems of a Casting and Extrusion Plant in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Belan Galina M. , Ovcharov Alexander T.
Published: September 2020

The article describes modernisation of the lighting systems of Segal Casting and Extrusion Plant LLC in Krasnoyarsk and technical solutions of its implementation. The parameters of the new lighting system based on Diora Craft LED luminaires are presented and it is shown that replacement of luminaires based on high pressure mercury lamps (HPML) with LED luminaires allows saving 73.5 % of power consumed by lighting with high quality of the light environment established in the shops of the plant. Payback period of such modernisation is 1 year.
Modelling of the Insolation Mode of Urban Development Using an Insoplanogram
Authors: Giyasov Adham I.
Published: September 2020

A design of an insoplanogram of a tablet type that is aimed at simulating insolation and the degree of shadowing of the territory of different-height building system and buildings in southern geographic latitudes by determining the optimal gap between buildings through identifying shading and insolation, is described in action
Stage in the Spotlight and Paradoxes of the Profession Artist, Light, Theatre
Authors: Zaeva-Burdonskaya Elena A. , Nazarov Yuri V.
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, the lighting designer is becoming one of the leading figures in forming of the concept of theatrical scene design. Lighting technologies with great potential of illumination, colour and graphic capabilities allowed the profession to occupy the leading positions in the space of any object. Today’s orientation of the whole visual culture to staginess alongside with avant-garde inventions of stage designers in the early 20th century have formed the main artistic trends of this art. Nowadays, the modernistic findings of the past are supplemented by innovative multimedia technologies. Visual techniques worked out in stage shows have seriously affected the people’s attitude towards the stage space. They have made theatrical performance very dynamic by using lighting and media effects, sufficiently widened the scope of visual and expressive abilities of an artist.
The new paradigm of light as an active tool of form-making allowed modelling the space by means of lighting technologies. Stage light has become a form possessing great emotional power inseparably associated with the dramatic composition of performance. At the same time, the goal of a lighting designer cooperating with theatre designers and costume designers should permanently lead the audience to catharsis and innovative light engineering techniques play a great role in it. Naturally, such innovations in theatre art made it necessary to correct the programmes of training of universal specialists required in this area. Professional education of a theatre lighting designer, apart from knowledge of technology and basics of scenography, requires serious artistic training.
The methodological experience obtained in scenography training of future designers in the Environment Design sub-department of S.G. Stroganov MGHPA may provide an example of new design approaches to solving of comprehensive problems of scenography. Design training techniques used in the sub-department include the method of environmental approach, the method of script modelling using a virtual design model and the method of conceptual design.
High Efficiency Ferrite-Free Closed-Loop InductivelyCoupled Low Mercury Pressure Discharge UV Lamps
Authors: Starshinov Pavel V. , Popov Oleg A. , Ilikeeva Rimma A. , Bureeva Darya A. , Irkhin Igor V. , Levchenko Vladimir A. , Terekhov Gennady P.
Published: September 2020

Radiation and electrical characteristics of ferrite-free closed-loop inductively-coupled low mercury pressure UV lamps of 375 mm in length and 120 mm in width were experimentally studied. Discharges were excited at a frequency of 1.7 MHz and lamp RF power, Рlamp = (95–170) W. It was in quartz closed-loop tubes of 16.6 mm in inner diam. and of 815 mm in length, in the mixture of mercury vapour (7 х 10–3 mm Hg) with Ar (0.7 and 1.0 mm Hg) and with the mixture of 30 % Ne + 70 % Ar (0,7 and 1,0 mm Hg). The 3-turn induction coil made from litz wire with a low specific linear resistance (ρw = 1.4 x 10–4 Ohm/cm) was disposed on the lamp surface along the closed-loop tube perimeter. In lamps with buffer gas pressure of 1,0 mm Hg, the increase of lamp power from 95 to 150 W caused the decrease of induction coil power losses, Pcoil, from (6–7) W to (3–4) W. Also in these lamps increased induction coil power efficiency, ƞcoil = 1 – Pcoil/Plamp, from 92 % to 97 % and lamp UV radiation (λ = 254 nm) generation efficiency, ƞe, 254, from 57 % to 66 %. The decrease of buffer gas pressure from 1.0 to 0.7 mm Hg caused the decrease of ƞe, 254 by (10–20)%.
On Methodology for Designing Architectural Lighting of Production Site Interior
Authors: Voronov Vladimir V. , Shchepetkov Nikolay I.
Published: September 2020

The article describes content of original and relevant but virtually forgotten thesis of V.V. Voronov on lighting of production site interiors by means of overhead natural (using three types of skylights) and artificial illumination, in order to elaborate scientific methodology for architectural design of more qualitative luminous environment on the basis of comprehensive approach and enhanced criteria framework of its evaluation using light engineering parameters.

The thesis is unique in terms of the scope and quality of field and laboratory observations which are reflected not only in the text but also in the graphical attachments, namely photos, figures, schemes, drawings, charts, nomograms, and diagrams accompanied by specific measured or calculated parameters.

The first part of the thesis contains theoretical basics and results of field observations conducted by different methods. This second part is the exposition of chapter 3 of the V.V. Voronov’s candidate thesis (1985). It describes the methodology for and the results of the experiments by means of planar and volumetric light simulation using the architectural lighting simulating assembly (chamber) which were conducted in MARKHI in 1970–1985.
Asymmetric Effective Medium Approximation for Describing the Optical Characteristics of Randomly Inhomogeneous Media with Discrete Inclusions.
Authors: Apresyan Leon A. , Vlasova Tatyana V.
Published: September 2020

The symmetric Bruggeman approximation, also known as the Effective Medium Approximation (EMA), is widely used in applications including the description of light scattering on inhomogeneous structures containing discrete inclusions. However, in the latter case, the natural asymmetry of the fillers topology, where discrete inclusions are mostly surrounded by the material of a simply connected matrix, is not taken into account. In this paper, two versions of asymmetric EMA are proposed for the case of a statistically isotropic medium containing discrete inclusions based on the difference in the structure of the fields inside and outside the inclusions. One of them does not differ too much from the usual EMA and leads to the same percolation threshold. For the second, the threshold value differs from the usual one even in the case of spherical particles. Expressions are given for the corresponding percolation thresholds in the model of randomly oriented elliptical particles. The proposed approximations are compared with the standard Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman approximations for the case of silver particles in a dielectric matrix.
Portfolio Balance Approach to Asymmetries, Structural Breaks and Financial Crisis: Testing a Model for Nigeria
Authors: Adekoya Oluwasegun B.
Published: September 2020

This study tests the Portfolio Balance Theory (PBT) for Nigeria for the period starting from September 1997 to September 2018. It extends the hypothesized linear inverse relationship between exchange rate and stock price to include asymmetries and structural breaks. It further examines the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the PBT to determine its stability after the crisis. The full sample results show that the PBT holds for Nigeria and asymmetries and structural breaks matter in the nexus between stock price and exchange rate. However, the impact of stock price on exchange rate diminished in the long-run with the advent of the 2008 global financial crisis, thus eroding the relative consistency of the PBT after the crisis. The sensitivity of the Nigerian exchange rate to stock price changes calls for the strengthening of the stock market performance through relevant policies including the enhancement of portfolio diversification and risk-hedging assets. The role of asymmetries should not also be jettisoned in predicting exchange rate with stock prices to obtain accurate forecast results.
Substantial risk of recurrence even after 5 recurrence-free years in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Kim Jihye , Kang Wonseok , Sinn Dong Hyun , Gwak Geum-Youn , Paik Yong-Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notorious for its high recurrence rate, some patients do not experience recurrence for more than 5 years after resection or radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. For those with five recurrence-free period, the risk of HCC recurrence within the next 5 years remains unknown.Methods: A total of 1,451 consecutive patients (median, 55 years old; males, 79.0%; hepatitis B virus-related, 79.3%) with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) diagnosed with early-stage HCC by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and received radiofrequency ablation or resection as an initial treatment between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed.Results: During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, 961 patients (66.2%) experienced HCC recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates increased to 39.7%, 60.3%, and 71.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, and did not reach a plateau. Five years after HCC diagnosis, 487 patients were alive without experiencing a recurrence. Among them, during a median of 3.9 additional years of follow-up (range, 0.1–9.0 years), 127 patients (26.1%) experienced recurrence. The next 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5–10 years from initial diagnosis) was 27.0%. Male sex, higher fibrosis-4 scores, and alpha-fetoprotein levels at 5 years were associated with later HCC recurrence among patients who did not experience recurrence for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The HCC recurrence rate following 5 recurrence-free years after HCC treatment was high, indicating that HCC patients warrant continued HCC surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years.
Aspek Kebahasaan dalam Antologi Puisi Hulu Sungai Tengah dalam Pantun dan Puisi
Authors: Arifin Johan , Ramadania Fajarika , Saberan Riduan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini berkenaan dengan aspek kebahasaan yang ada dalam antologi puisi Hulu Sungai Tengah dalam Pantun dan Puisi terbitan Scripta Cendikia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan serta mendeskripsikan aspek kebahasaan  yang terdapat dalam antologi puisi Hulu Sungai Tengah dalam Pantun dan Puisi terbitan Scripta.

            Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan antropologis dilaksanakan dengan metode deskriptif analisis dan menggali data yang ditempuh dengan menggunakan teknik observasi teks dan teknik dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif interpreatatif, yaitu peneliti memaparkan data secara keseluruhan terlebih dahulu, setelah data terkumpul dan terjaring peneliti menginterprestasikan untuk menganalisis data yang dilakukan melalui tahapan : (1) Pengorganisasian data,(2) interpretasi,(3) evaluasi.

            Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut Aspek kebahasaan yang meliputi: a) fonologis dominan dengan bunyi vokal a ,e, i, dan u,  b) leksikal terdapat 321 kata yang dominan mengandung bunyi vokal a,e,i, dan u, juga banyak terdapat pengulangan kata, c) gramatikal, disusun secara linier dan tidak ada penyimpangan struktur
Nilai Sufistik dalam Kumpulan Puisi Kasidah Cinta Karya Jalaluddin Rumi
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang , Wulandari Noor Indah , Setio Akhmad Cahyo
Published: September 2020

Puisi sufistik merupakan salah satu bentuk karya sastra yang mengandung nilai-nilai hikmah yang dalamnya terdapat sebuah pesan moral yakni, hanya mencukupkan diri kepada Allah saja tanpa bergantung padamakhluk ciptaan-Nya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nila sufistik yang terdapat pada kumpulan puisi Jalaluddin Rumi.

Simpulan dari penelitian ini ialah sebagai berikut: (1) makna puisi dengan telaah heuristik yaitu telaah untuk meperjelas arti setiap bait puisi dengan memberikan sisipan kata antara satu hingga tiga belas kata sehingga pembacaannya menjadi jelas seperti pada puisi berjudul “Bayangan” pada bait satu “sejak bayanganmu bermukim di (dalam) dada, sedangkan penambahan keterangan hingga tiga belas kata seperti “Di atas tanah mana pun (jika engkau berada di sana maka akan menjadi sejuk dan menenangkan bagai berteduh di dalam) kebun yang rimbun. Pemberian sisipan tersebut ditandai dengan memberikan tanda kurung. (2) makna puisi dengan telaah hermeneutik yaitu penafsiran puisi berdasarkan konvensi bahasanya terhadap makna yang tersirat, sehingga dapat diketahui makna aslinya. Seperti Ya’juj dan Ma’juj yang melambangkan kekacauan, kesengsaraan, dan menyebabkan ketakutan. (3) dalam puisi yang berjudul “Bayangan” terdapat nilai sufistik yaitu mahabbah, tobat, wara dan sabar
Aspek Humor Dalam Syair Sastra Lisan Banjar Madihin
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang , Fauzan Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk humor yang terdapat dalam syair sastra lisan Banjar madihin dan (2) mendeskripsikan fungsi-fungsi humor yang terdapat dalam syair sastra lisan Banjar madihin.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sosiologis sastra dan jenis penelitian kepustakaan.Metode kualitatif merupakan metode yang digunakan.Sumber data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah rekaman video sastra lisan Banjar madihin.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, observasi, studi pustaka, baca, dan catat.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk humor yang terdapat dalam syair sastra lisan Banjar madihin meliputi: a) humor bahasa, b) humor pergunjingan, c) humor pornografi, d) humor teka-teki, e) humor kritik, dan f) humor meringankan beban pesan, sedangkan fungsi humor yang terdapat dalam syair sastra lisan Banjar madihin meliputi: a) fungsi hiburan, b) fungsi menyampaikan pesan, c) fungsi toleransi, d) fungsi memahami soal pelik, e) fungsi sindiran, dan f) fungsi kritik
Peran Ratu Zaleha dalam Memperjuangkan Kemerdekaan di Tanah Banjar
Authors: Kamariah  , Harpriyanti Haswinda
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran Ratu Zaleha dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif, fokus pada analisis semiotik.Objek Penelitian ini berupa kisah hidup Ratu Zaleha yang di dapat dengan cara mewawancarai narasumber yang merupakan cucu dari Ratu Zaleha, sehingga hasil penelitian ini bisa lebih akurat. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik rekam, catat, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data berupa pemecahan dari rumusan masalah dengan menggunakan model semiotik Roland Barthes.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran Ratu Zaleha dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan di Tanah Banjar ada lima yaitu. a) Ratu Zaleha sebagai saksi perjuangan sejak lahir, b) Ratu Zaleha sebagai seorang wanita pejuang yang pemberani, c) Ratu Zaleha sebagai seorang wanita dan istri yang berbakti, d) Ratu Zaleha sebagai seorang Ratu, dan 5) Ratu Zaleha sebagai seorang pemimpin perjuangan
Pengaruh Gawai Terhadap Wicara Anak di Era Disrupsi (Kajian Psikolinguistik)
Authors: Aswadi Dana , Kamariah
Published: September 2020

Era disrupsi menjadi era evolusi bagi para pemakai bahasa, bahkan anak-anak pun sudah sangat familiar dengan pemakaian peralatan di era ini. Di antara peralatan yang sering digunakan oleh pemakai bahasa adalah gawai. Gawai yang dikenal juga dengan handphone (HP) menjadi produk yang mudah ditemukan dalam penggunaannya yang dipakai oleh para pengguna bahasa, tidak terkecuali anak-anak.

Penggunaan gawai yang dapat mempengaruhi wicara anak amat menarik untuk dibahas serta menjadi hal pokok agar lebih waspada dalam memberikan benda, khususnya pemakaian gawai yang tidak disesuaikan dengan porsinya. Berbagai faktor perlu diamati sebagai bahan kenapa gawai mampu mempengaruhi anak terutama berhubungan dengan ujaran anak.

Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena sesuai dengan karakter dari pengamatan yang berkenaan dengan bahasa-bahasa, baik secara lisan maupun tulis. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah teknik dokumentasi, teknik wawancara, teknik rekam, teknik catat, dan teknik simak.

Anak yang terlalu sering menggunakan gawai tanpa bimbingan maka akan mengalami berbagai gangguan wicara. Gangguan ini sebagai pengaruh ketidakdisiplinan serta ketidakmanajemenan penggunaan gawai dengan baik. Adapun pengaruh gawai terhadap wicara anak memunculkan gangguan berikut: (1) gangguan berbicara: (a) mutis, (b) manja, (c) gagap, dan (d) emosional dan (2) gangguan berpikir: (a) pikun dan (b) depresif
Nilai-Nilai Karakter pada Bahasa Indonesia dan Penerapannya pada Proses Pengembangan Karakter Matematika di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Jamilah  , HB Akhmad
Published: September 2020

Pengintegrasian pendidikan karakter dengan mata pelajaran yang lain adalah merupakan gagasan yang sangat baik. Hal tersebut mengacu pada perlunya untuk tidak hanya mengajarkan tentang aspek kognitif tetapi juga aspek afektif/nilai dan moral. Dan pengintegrasian tersebut harus dimulai dari sedini mungkin dalam konteks ini adalah Sekolah Dasar. Sebagai pelajaran yang ada disekolah dasar, pendidikan Bahasa Indoneisa memiliki peran yang sangat penting sebagai saran pengajaran karakter secara terintegritas. Bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan bagian dari bangsa Indonesia tentu saja menyinpan aspek-aspek moral yang bisa dijadikan nilai-nilai karakter yang bagus untuk diajarkan kepada siswa. Namun demikian, pengintegrasian pendidikan karakter di proses belajar mengajar Bahasa Indonesia bukan hal yang mudah untuk dikerjakan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan pengkajian mendalam baik secara teoritis ataupun praktis untuk mencari cara pengajaran ideal guna tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran tersebut
Mencipta Sastra Anak Bertema Kearifan Lokal Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Ratih Rina
Published: September 2020

The concepts of local wisdom inherited through folklores and children literature are the strategies to transform the values considered important to learn by children through textbooks. Therefore, children literature should be meaningful and highly relevant to the empowerment of the children’s life according to the stage of their development. This study questions how to write children’s literature with the theme of local wisdom based on character education. Based on the problem, the study aims to produce children literature with the theme of local wisdom, which is based on character education and according to the children’s development. There are three stages of children literature: emotional, intellectual, and personal development. The study belongs to descriptive qualitative research, employing Brady’s theory on children development and Rampan’s on the technique of writing children literature. Library research and creative process are used in the method. The study generates three models of folklore with the theme of local wisdom according to the children development: Putri Emas dan Burung Ajaib, Putri Cantik dari Pulau Bintan, and Sang Pembangkang. Besides, it also produces three literary works based on character education: “Lalang dan Kupu-Kupu yang Menawan,” “Gara-gara Ketinggalan Bekal,” and “Surti, Mawar, and Kupu-kupu.”
Kalimat Imperatif dalam Bahasa Lisan Masyarakat Dayak Deah
Authors: Kasmilawati Isna , Agustina Lili
Published: September 2020

Kalimat imperatif dalam bahasa Dayak Deah sangat beragam jenisnya, bisa saja berisi kalimat perintah yang keras dan kasar, dan bisa juga berupa kalimat perintah dengan permohonan yang santun dan halus.Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, masyarakat Dayak Deah sering menggunakan kalimat perintah baik di rumah, sekolah atau lingkungan masyarakat, yang bersifat ajakan, larangan atau permohonan.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kalimat perintah dalam bahasa lisan Dayak Deah.Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dan studi pustaka.Pada penelitian ini data terkumpul berupa kalimat imperatif dan beberapa tanggapan yang diberikan, karena dalam kalimat imperatif selalu mengharapkan adanya reaksi dari lawan tutur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalimat imperatif terdapat lima, yaitu kalimat perintah biasa, kalimat perintah permintaan, kalimat perintah ajakan, kalimat perintah, kalimat perintah suruhan, dan kalimat perintah larangan
Blended Learning dalam Merdeka Belajar Teks Eksposisi
Authors: Ramadania Fajarika , Aswadi Dana
Published: September 2020

Keberhasilan proses pembelajaran sangat bergantung kepada model pembelajaran sebagai strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru di kelas. Sejauh ini, strategi pembelajaran yang populer di Indonesia adalah pembelajaran berbasis kelas tradisional (klasikal) dengan menggunakan metode ceramah. Penambahan inovasi pembelajaran yang tepat akan menghasilkan kemandirian dan kepercayaan diri siswa yang telah mencoba mengeksplorasi dan mengeksplorasi tidak hanya para guru. Asumsi inilah yang menyebabkan blended learning menjadi pilihan tanpa belajar tidak cukup hanya dengan tatap muka. Tujuan utama dari eksposisi adalah memperluas pandangan dan pengetahuan seseorang. Ekposisi merupakan bentuk retorika yang sering dipergunakan dalam menyampaikan uraian-uraian yang tidak berusaha mempengaruhi orang lain. Pembaca sama sekali tidak dipaksa untuk menerima pendapat penulis. Setiap pembaca memiliki persepsi sendiri, boleh menerima atau menolak tetapi setidaknya pembaca sudah mengetahui bahwa ada orang yang berpendapat demikian. Merdeka belajar dan guru penggerak bukanlah sesuatu yang baru dalam dunia pembelajaran. Setiap anak yang dilahirkan pasti memiliki keistimewaan yang berbeda-beda satu dengan yang lainnya. Disinilah kita sebagai pendidik harus mampu menjadi teman belajar yang menyenangkan agar proses belajar anak benar-benar atas kesadaraannya sendiri dan merdeka atas pilihannya. Diperlukan waktu yang cukup serta kesabaran dalam memfasilitasi, agar anak mampu untuk mengenali potensinya. Karena bakat anak bisa tumbuh ketika anak sudah memiliki minat dan mau berlatih untuk mengasah keterampilannya. Dalam mengawali proses belajar, pendidik juga perlu memiliki kemampuan mendengar yang baik. Tidak hanya sekedar mentransfer pengetahuan dan mendikte anak-anak atas kehendak pendidik.
Pasangan Bersesuaian dalam Interaksi Jual Beli di Pasar Hanyar Banjarmasin
Authors: Yunus Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Kehidupan ini tidak pernah lepas dengan yang namanya komunikasi. Komunikasi dilakukan antara dua orang yang berinteraksi dengan lisan maupun tulisan. Interaksi antara dua orang yang melakukan jual-beli juga bisa dinamakan komunikasi. Setiap komunikasi mempunyai bagian atau struktur dan juga pola. Pola dalam interaksi dalam jual-beli salah satunya adalah pasangan bersesuaian. Pola ini terdapat dalam interaksi jual-beli yang ada di Pasar Hanyar Banjarmasin kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pasangan berdampingan. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari percakapan antara penjual dan pembeli yang ada di Pasar Hanyar Banjarmasin. Pasangan bersesuaian yang ada dalam interaksi jual-beli di Pasar Hanyar Banjarmasin ada 8 pola, yaitu (1) pola panggilan jawaban, (2) pola permintaan informasi- pemberian, (3) pola  penawaran- penerimaan, (4) pola penawaran –penolakan,dan (5) pola pertanyaan-jawaban
Tacit Tyranny in Guicciardini and Machiavelli
Authors: Carta Paolo
Published: September 2020

There is an ongoing debate among historians and political theorists on the nature of the Medicean regime. The importance of this debate is evident especially in the field of political and legal theory, considering the continuous attempts to expunge tyrannophobia from the constitutional landscape. I would like to raise three questions. First: where does Lorenzo's portrait in the Storie Fiorentine come from? Second: what is that remains alive of that old portrait, thirty years later, in his History of Italy? Finally: why is this discourse so important, also for Machiavelli?
Use of AMT Transformers and Distributed Storage Systems to Enhance Electrical Feeding Systems for Tramways
Authors: Giglioli Romano , Lutzemberger Giovanni , Sani Luca
Published: September 2020

Tramway systems are more and more diffused today, to reduce pollution and greenhouse emissions. However, their electrical feeding substations can have significant margin for improvement. Therefore, it is questionable which kind of changes can be introduced, by changing their main features. First of all, transformer technology can be enhanced, by moving from the standard transformer to the amorphous metal one; thus, guaranteeing a significant reduction in losses. Then, by installing one dedicated storage systems for each substation. This solution can help to increase the energy efficiency; thus, recovering the tram braking energy and reducing the delivered energy from the grid, and also the reliability of the system; thus, guarantee different levels of services, in the case of failure of a feeding substation. This paper investigates in a systematic approach the two proposed solutions. In particular an amorphous metal transformer has been properly designed, and performance compared to the standard one. Then, evaluation of distributed storage installation was performed, and the aspects of reliability for these systems evaluated. Results have shown the general feasibility of the proposed solutions, showing a significant energy saving with respect to the conventional ones.
On the Nature of Electro-Osmotic Drag
Authors: Berning Torsten
Published: September 2020

Electro-osmotic drag (EOD) is usually thought of as a transport mechanism of water inside and through the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) in electrochemical devices. However, it has already been shown that the transport of dissolved water in the PEM occurs exclusively via diffusion, provided that the EOD coefficient nd is constant. Consequently, EOD is not a water transport mechanism inside the electrolyte membrane, and this means that its nature is not yet understood. This work proposes a theory that suggests that the root of the EOD is located in the catalyst layers of the electrochemical device where the electric current is generated, and consequently could be linked to one or more of the elementary reaction steps. It is therefore also conceivable that EOD exists at one electrode in an electrochemical device, but not in the other. Moreover, the EOD coefficient nd may depend on the current density as well as the oxidization level of the catalyst. The last consequence, if EOD is linked to an elementary reactions step, it could also be part of the rate-determining elementary step, and this could open pathways to increase the reaction kinetics by finding ways of enhancing the water/hydronium ion transport out of or into the polymer phase.
Detection of Non-Technical Losses in Power Utilities—A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Salman , Mustafa Mohd Wazir , Hamadneh Nawaf N. , Alshammari Nawa A. , Sheikh Usman Ullah , Jumani Touqeer Ahmed , Khalid Saifulnizam Bin Abd , Khan Ilyas
Published: September 2020

Electricity theft and fraud in energy consumption are two of the major issues for power distribution companies (PDCs) for many years. PDCs around the world are trying different methodologies for detecting electricity theft. The traditional methods for non-technical losses (NTLs) detection such as onsite inspection and reward and penalty policy have lost their place in the modern era because of their ineffective and time-consuming mechanism. With the advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), newer and efficient NTL detection methods have been proposed by different researchers working in the field of data mining and AI. The AI-based NTL detection methods are superior to the conventional methods in terms of accuracy, efficiency, time-consumption, precision, and labor required. The importance of such AI-based NTL detection methods can be judged by looking at the growing trend toward the increasing number of research articles on this important development. However, the authors felt the lack of a comprehensive study that can provide a one-stop source of information on these AI-based NTL methods and hence became the motivation for carrying out this comprehensive review on this significant field of science. This article systematically reviews and classifies the methods explored for NTL detection in recent literature, along with their benefits and limitations. For accomplishing the mentioned objective, the opted research articles for the review are classified based on algorithms used, features extracted, and metrics used for evaluation. Furthermore, a summary of different types of algorithms used for NTL detection is provided along with their applications in the studied field of research. Lastly, a comparison among the major NTL categories, i.e., data-based, network-based, and hybrid methods, is provided on the basis of their performance, expenses, and response time. It is expected that this comprehensive study will provide a one-stop source of information for all the new researchers and the experts working in the mentioned area of research.
Unsteady Numerical Calculation of Oblique Submerged Jet
Authors: Jiao Weixuan , Zhang Di , Wang Chuan , Cheng Li , Wang Tao
Published: September 2020

A water jet is a kind of high-speed dynamic fluid with high energy, which is widely used in the engineering field. In order to analyze the characteristics of the flow field and the change of law of the bottom impact pressure of the oblique submerged impinging jet at different times, its unsteady characteristics at different Reynolds numbers were studied by using the Wray–Agarwal (W-A) turbulence model. It can be seen from the results that in the process of jet movement, the pressure at the peak of velocity on the axis was the smallest, and the velocity, flow angle, and pressure distribution remain unchanged after a certain time. In the free jet region, the velocity, flow angle, and pressure remained unchanged. In the impingement region, the velocity and flow angle decreased rapidly, while the pressure increased rapidly. The maximum pressure coefficient of the impingement plate changed with time and was affected by the Reynolds number, but the distribution trend remained the same. In this paper, the characteristics of the flow field and the law of the impact pressure changing with time are described.
Low-Carbon Energy Governance: Scenarios to Accelerate the Change in the Energy Matrix in Ecuador
Authors: Arroyo M. Flavio R. , Miguel Luis J.
Published: September 2020

This article describes the results of a study of Ecuador’s energy status, using the system dynamics methodology to model supply, demand and CO2 emissions scenarios for the year 2030. Primary energy production increased in the different projected scenarios, with oil as the most important source of energy. The increase observed in final energy consumption was mainly associated with the transport and industry sectors. A reduction in energy intensity was projected for the different scenarios, which could be associated with the projected economic growth. The results obtained were used to build a proposal for energy policies aimed at mitigating emissions. The proposed changes to the national energy matrix could be the factors that will contribute most to the achievement of carbon emission reductions projected by the different scenarios; changes in the energy matrix are mainly associated with the development of projects to replace fossil fuels with renewable energies, mainly hydropower.
Experimental Research on Regeneration Characteristic of ED Regeneration for Lithium Bromide Desiccant Solution with High Concentration: Operating Condition and Electrode Solution
Authors: Cheng Qing , Wang Han
Published: September 2020

Electrodialysis is regarded as a novel liquid regeneration method, and the regenerated solution can satisfy the dehumidification requirements even in a hot and humid environment. LiBr solution is an important choice for a liquid desiccant air conditioning system due to its great dehumidifying ability, so it is necessary to conduct experimental exploration of the regeneration characteristics of ED regeneration for LiBr solution. In this paper, the effects of solution concentration, circulation flow rate, current and electrode solution on the performance of the electrodialysis regeneration system were studied by constructing an experimental electrodialysis regeneration system. The results show that growing the starting concentration of the LiBr solution adversely affects the regeneration characteristics of the electrodialyzer and of the air conditioning system dehumidified by the solution. Under test conditions, as the initial concentration of LiBr solution increased from 45% to 55%, the performance coefficient (COP) of the system decreased from 2.12 to 1.05. When the dehumidification requirement is met, the initial concentration of the LiBr solution should be reduced. Increasing the circulating flow rate can improve the regeneration performance of the electrodialyzer and the capability of the air conditioning system dehumidified by the solution, but excessively increasing the circulating flow rate will decrease the regeneration performance of the electrodialyzer and the performance of the air conditioning system dehumidified by the solution. Increasing the current can increase the concentration of the LiBr solution in the regeneration cells in a short time, but it will reduce the regeneration performance of the electrodialyzer and the characteristic of the air conditioning system dehumidified by the solution. The current needs to be minimized when meeting regeneration requirements. With the growth in the flow rate of the electrode solution, the regeneration performance of the electrodialyser decreases continuously.
Numerical Simulation Study on Structure Optimization and Performance Improvement of Hot Water Storage Tank in CHP System
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Fengzhong , Zhang Qiannan , Chen Xuehong , Yuan Wei
Published: September 2020

The central heating technology with thermal storage technology is an important means to realize thermoelectric decoupling, meet heating demand, reduce primary energy consumption, and protect the ecological environment. For this paper, the numerical simulation method was used to study the temperature variation of large-capacity hot water storage tank (HWST) in an actual combined heat and power system. The influence of various factors, including the length diameter ratio, water supply temperature, and water supply flow, as well as the orifice diameter and number of the water distributor, on the flow uniformity and performance of the HWST was investigated. The results show that the heat storage efficiency and flow uniformity of the HWST can be improved by properly increasing the water supply flow, the orifice diameter, and number of the water distributor. Increasing the length diameter ratio can improve the flow uniformity, but it will reduce the heat storage efficiency of the HWST. Increasing the water supply temperature can increase heat storage efficiency of the HWST and accelerate the stratification of cold and hot water in the tank. Besides, the comprehensive analysis of the non-dimensional exergy loss calculation results, velocity field, and temperature field show that there is a certain coupling relationship between the non-dimensional exergy loss and flow uniformity at the initial stage of heat storage. In practical application, the influence of these factors on flow uniformity, heat storage efficiency, and non-dimensional exergy loss should be comprehensively considered in order to achieve the best heat storage and release performance of the HWST. This paper provides some engineering guidance for the application of large-capacity heat storage tanks in the combined heat and power (CHP) system.
The Influent Effects of Flow Rate Profile on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells Model
Authors: Potrykus Szymon , Mateo Sara , Nieznański Janusz , Fernández-Morales Francisco Jesús
Published: September 2020

The energy contained in wastewaters has been identified as a promising sustainable energy resource that could be harvested by using microbial fuel cells (MFC). When dealing with real wastewaters, the MFCs should be able to manage high flow rates and flow rates fluctuations. In this work, the short-term effects of the influent flow rate variations on the performance of a microbial fuel cell has been studied. With this aim, the influent flow rate was stepwise increased from 0.72 to 7.2 L/d and then stepwise decreased. The obtained results indicate that, on the one hand, an increase in the influent flow rate leads to higher chemical oxygen demand removal rates up to 396 g/(L/d) and higher electric power generation almost 18 mW/m2, but to lower coulombic efficiencies. On the other hand, the reduction of the flow rate increases the coulombic efficiencies, as well as the percentage of chemical oxygen demand removed, but decreases electric power generation. In the short-term, the exposition to higher influent flow rates causes the growth of the microbial population of the MFC, the growth of the non-electrogenic microorganisms being higher than that of the electrogenic ones. The higher growth of non-electrogenic microorganisms may lead to lower coulombic efficiencies.
Modeling of a Catalytic Cracking in the Gasoline Production Installation with a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Orazbayev Batyr , Kozhakhmetova Dinara , Wójtowicz Ryszard , Krawczyk Janusz
Published: September 2020

The article offers a systematic approach to the method of developing mathematical models of a chemical-technological system (CTS) in conditions of deficit and fuzziness of initial information using available data of various types. Based on the results of research and processing of the collected quantitative and qualitative information, mathematical models of the reactor are constructed. Formalized and obtained mathematical statements of the control problem for choosing effective modes of operation of technological systems are based on mathematical modeling. Based on the obtained expert information, linguistic variables were described and a database of rules describing the operation of the input parameters of the reactor unit of the catalytic cracking unit was obtained.
Mathematical Modeling and Pointwise Validation of a Spouted Bed Using an Enhanced Bed Elasticity Approach
Authors: Uribe Sebastián , Qi Binbin , Farid Omar , Al-Dahhan Muthanna
Published: September 2020

With a Euler–Euler (E2P) approach, a mathematical model for predicting the pointwise hydrodynamic behavior of a spouted bed was implemented though computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The model considered a bed elasticity approach in order to reduce the number of required sub-models to provide closure for the solids stress strain-tensor. However, no modulus of elasticity sub-model for a bed elasticity approach has been developed for spouted beds, and thus, large deviations in the predictions are obtained with common sub-models reported in literature. To overcome such a limitation, a new modulus of elasticity based on a sensitivity analysis was developed and implemented on the E2P model. The model predictions were locally validated against experimental measurements obtained in previous studies. The experimental studies were conducted using our in-house developed advanced γ-ray computed tomography (CT) technique, which allows to obtain the cross-sectional time-averaged solids holdup distribution. When comparing the model predictions against the experimental measurements, a high predictive quality for the radial solids holdup distribution in the spout and annulus regions is observed. The model predicts most of the experimental measurements for different particle diameters, different static bed heights, and different inlet velocities with deviations under 15%, with average absolute relative errors (AARE) between 5.75% and 7.26%, and mean squared deviations (MSD) between 0.11% and 0.24%
Dynamic Modelling and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Compressed Heat Energy Storage System: Application in a 26-MW Wind Farm in Spain
Authors: Sánchez-Canales Violeta , Payá Jorge , Corberán José M. , Hassan Abdelrahman H.
Published: September 2020

One of the main challenges for a further integration of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid is the development of large-scale energy storage systems to overcome their intermittency. This paper presents the concept named CHEST (Compressed Heat Energy STorage), in which the excess electricity is employed to increase the temperature of a heat source by means of a high-temperature heat pump. This heat is stored in a combination of latent and sensible heat storage systems. Later, the stored heat is used to drive an organic Rankine cycle, and hereby to produce electricity when needed. A novel application of this storage system is presented by exploring its potential integration in the Spanish technical constraints electricity market. A detailed dynamic model of the proposed CHEST system was developed and applied to a case study of a 26-MW wind power plant in Spain. Different capacities of the storage system were assessed for the case under study. The results show that roundtrip efficiencies above 90% can be achieved in all the simulated scenarios and that the CHEST system can provide from 1% to 20% of the total energy contribution of the power plant, depending on its size. The CHEST concept could be economically feasible if its capital expenditure (CAPEX) ranges between 200 and 650 k€/MW.
Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Considering the Effects of a Financial Incentive on Battery Ageing
Authors: Steffen Thomas , Fly Ashley , Mitchell William
Published: September 2020

As the market share of electric vehicles increases, the intermittent load on the electricity grid due to charging will increase. This can be counteracted by Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) which utilises dormant electric vehicles to feed power into the grid, generating income for the vehicle owner while relieving load across the grid. However, increased battery use through V2G can negatively affect battery health. In this work, a computational model of an electric vehicle with battery degradation is used to investigate the relationship of these effects. The analysis was conducted at the top level of detail, only considering the battery pack of the vehicle. The findings of this investigation show that the cost relating to battery degradation is smaller than the potential profit available from Vehicle-to-Grid over a three-year period. However, the benefit does not seem to be enough to justify the upfront investment requirement, and further financial incentives, such as net billing, may be required to make V2G economically viable. Future development within this field is vital for the success of the electric vehicle within the automotive markets, and for the transition to a renewable energy grid.
Epigenetic Regulation of the Non-Coding Genome: Opportunities for Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Barrero Maria J.
Published: September 2020

The contribution of the non-coding genome to disease and its therapeutic potential have been largely unexplored. Recently, several epigenetic drugs developed for cancer treatment have been described to mediate therapeutic effects through the reactivation of the expression of transposable elements in cancer cells. This event activates innate immunity-related pathways and promotes the generation of neoantigens in tumor cells, improving the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments. This review focuses on the regulation of transposable elements by epigenetic inhibitors and its implications for immuno-oncology.
Between or Beyond? Jewish British Short Stories in English since the 1970s
Authors: Stähler Axel
Published: September 2020

Looking at short stories by writers as diverse as Brian Glanville, Ruth Fainlight, Clive Sinclair, Jonathan Wilson, James Lasdun, Gabriel Josipovici, Tamar Yellin, Michelene Wandor, and Naomi Alderman, and extending from the center of Jewish British writing to its margins, this article seeks to locate the defining feature of their ‘Jewish substratum’ in conditions particular to the Jewish post-war experience, and to trace its impact across their thematic plurality which, for the most part, transcends any specifically British concerns that may also emerge, opening up an Anglophone sphere of Jewish writing. More specifically, it is argued that the unease pervading so many Jewish British short stories since the 1970s is a product of, and response to, what may very broadly be described as the Jewish experience and the precarious circumstances of Jewish existence even after the Second World War and its cataclysmic impact. It is suggested that it is prompted in particular by the persistence of the Holocaust and the anxieties the historical event continues to produce; by the confrontation with competing patterns of identification, with antisemitism, and with Israel; and by anxieties of non-belonging, of fragmentation, of dislocation, and of dissolution. Turned into literary tropes, these experiences provide the basis of a Jewish substratum whose articulation is facilitated by the expansion of Jewish British writers into the space of Anglophone Jewish writing. As a result, the Jewish British short story emerges as a multifaceted and hybrid project in continuous progress.
Environmentally Friendly Fluoroquinolone Derivatives with Lower Plasma Protein Binding Rate Designed Using 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Hou Yilin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Yu
Published: September 2020

Comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) was used to establish a three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model with structural parameters of quinolones as the independent variables and plasma protein binding rate (logfb) as the dependent variable to predict the logfb values of remaining quinolones in this study. In addition, the mono-substituted and bis-substituted reaction schemes that significantly influenced the plasma protein binding rate of quinolones were determined through an analysis of the 3D-QSAR contour maps. It was found that the replacement of small groups, hydrophobic groups, electronegative groups, or hydrogen bond acceptor groups at the substitution sites significantly reduce the logfb values of quinolone derivatives. Furthermore, the mechanism of decrease in binding rate between trovafloxacin (TRO) derivatives and plasma protein was revealed qualitatively and quantitatively based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. After modification of the target molecule, 11 TRO derivatives with low plasma protein binding rates were screened (reduced by 0.50–24.18%). Compared with the target molecule, the molecular genotoxicity and photodegradability of the TRO derivatives was higher (genotoxicity increased by 4.89–21.36%, and photodegradability increased by 9.04–20.56%), and their bioconcentration was significantly lower (by 36.90–61.41%).