bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the American stereotypes in the formation of the middle class Greek family image in the post-war print advertisements
Authors: Tsoumas Johannis
Published: September 2015

This research aims to capture the value of the first, mass-produced, women’s magazines advertising in post-war Greece regarding the identification, the analysis and the morphology of both the middle class Greek family image and ideal. With the help of rich and unexplored material of that era found in photo albums, folklore or museums, and by looking at the political, economic and social history of the country, we will initially attempt to capture the real characteristics of the urban Greek family, in the way they were reshaped after the end of the destructive World War II. We will then explore the grounds on which the print advertising in the country seemed to be drastically affected by the US advertising standards that dominated the global landscape of post-war trade. Through this practice we will discover that the post-war Greek family started to be presented through the American stereotype in which it was not involved at all in reality. The presentation of mother / wife / homemaker, the role of father / husband as well as the sophisticated image of children seemed not merely to abstain from the daily routine of the average Greek family image, but to oppose to it, both aesthetically and practically. But how did the - mostly - female readership take the fabulous display of the ‘new Greek family’ which was based on the American standards and what was the final effects of this type of advertising on the post-war average Greek family consumption behaviour? Did it work effectively or it simply constituted a comical and silly manner which endangered the new products consumption? All these questions will be answered with the help of much photographic/advertising material found in many rear women’s magazines of the era, and some valuable, though small in volume, literature.
Ai Weiwei: La recepción de su producción artística
Authors: Manonelles Laia
Published: September 2015

Actualmente Ai Weiwei es el creador con mayor proyección dentro y fuera de China, destacando especialmente por su prolífica, heterogénea, comprometida y polémica producción artística. Sus propuestas suscitan un gran interés y obtienen una destacada repercusión tanto en China como en un escenario internacional. Precisamente, es uno de los artistas contemporáneos chinos que ha logrado una mayor presencia en los medios de comunicación y en los espacios expositivos españoles, siendo un ejemplo de ello la organización de la primera exposición museística de su obra en el Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (2013) y el estreno de la película documental sobre su vida y su obra Never Sorry (2013), dirigida por Alison Klayman. Ai Weiwei es un autor mediático y su visibilidad deviene una plataforma desde donde articular proyectos artísticos que enfocan determinadas problemáticas sociales. A la vez, la crítica política de Ai Weiwei resulta especialmente atractiva en un contexto euroamericano que subraya su papel de disidente y agitador. Dentro de tales parámetros se ahondará en la recepción de la producción artística de Ai Weiwei en el marco internacional y en el contexto español, analizando la aproximación que la prensa esboza sobre dicho autor.
El arte en el discurso de los tatuadores
Authors: Walzer-Moskovic Alejandra
Published: September 2015

El tatuaje constituye una práctica humana que se puede rastrear desde tiempos lejanos en culturas remotas, pero en las últimas décadas se ha convertido en una experiencia mainstream en sociedades occidentales urbanas. Esta novedad va de la mano de modificaciones en su estatus y características. Entre ellas cabe mencionar la profesionalización y la llegada de personas provenientes de diversos cam­pos de las artes plásticas así también como la extensión del tatuaje entre las clases medias. Para hacer una referencia a la relación entre tatuaje y arte se parte de la dificultad teórica para circunscribir y con­sensuar en la actualidad una definición aceptada de arte de carácter general pero también de la relevancia que, con manifestaciones diversas, ha tenido el cuerpo en las artes visuales a lo largo de siglos. Esto constituye un argumento de interés en tanto el tatuaje consiste en una inscripción icónica o lingüística sobre el cuerpo. El objeto de este trabajo no es concluir si el tatuaje puede ser definido como actividad artística sino indagar cómo aparece el arte corporal en el discurso de tatuadores y tatuadoras. Para ello se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad tanto en Estados Unidos como en España.
Kawamoto’s "Dojoji Temple": Puppetry, Gesture and Myth
Authors: Lina Nurul , Naeim Fauzi
Published: September 2015

Dojoji Temple ( Dōjōji, 1976) is a short puppet animation directed by Kihachirō Kawamoto. Influenced by Bunraku (Japanese puppet plays), emaki (painted scroll), Noh theatre and Japanese myth, Dojoji Temple tells of a woman’s unrequited love for a young priest. Heartbroken, she then transforms into a sea serpent and goes after the priest for revenge. While Kawamoto’s animation is rich with Japanese aesthetics and tragedy, his animation is peopled by puppets who do not speak. Limited and restrained though the puppets may be, their animated gestures speak volumes of powerful emotions. For our article, we will select several scenes from the animation, and interpret their actions so that we can further understand the mythical world of Dojoji Temple and the essential being of puppetry. Our gesture analysis will take into account cinematographic compositions, sound and bodily attires, among other elements.
Customers’ Expectation and Services Performance in Pension Fund Administration (PFA) in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ojiaku Obinna C. , Olise Moses C. , Abuchi Nwankwo Philip
Published: September 2015

This paper examines service quality from the perspective of consumers’ expectations of the quality of service delivery contrasted with actual service delivery (or service performance) in pension fund administration (PFA) marketing. Three hundred and eighty four respondents from various ministries, departments and agencies in Enugu participated in the survey. A modified version of SERVQUAL questionnaire instrument was used to elicit response on the service quality attribute and satisfaction. Two hypotheses were developed and tested using the student t-test statistics and Regression Analysis. The results showed that significant difference exist between customer perception and expectations of pension services. The assurance attribute was found to have the greatest influence on satisfaction and tangible cues with the least influence. It was therefore, recommended that pension managers should adopt strategies to influence customer perception such as measuring and managing satisfaction and service quality, making promises they can keep and keeping them and managing the service evidence and providing training and empowerment to their employees. 
Fertilizer and Genotype Effects on Maize Production on Two Soils in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Tahiru Fulera , Fosu Mathias , Gaiser Thomas , Becker Mathias , Inusah Baba I. Y. , Mutari Abubakari , Buah S. S. J. , Atakora Williams Kwame , Mohammed Askia M.
Published: September 2015

Soils in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana are depleted in major nutrients by continuous cropping and residue removal, resulting in low maize yields. While many studies have assessed the fertilizer requirements for maize, most did not account for the role of the soil type and maize genotype. A study was conducted on Plinthosol and Lixisol in the Tolon district of the Northern Region of Ghana to assess fertilizer and genotype effects on maize productivity. Two maize genotypes (i.e. Obatanpa -110 days to maturity) and (Dodzie - 75 days to maturity) were compared at three fertilizer application rates (i.e. 0-0-0, 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha-1 N, P K) in a randomized complete block design using four replications, with genotype allocated to the main plots and fertilizer levels to the subplots. Soils were characterized, revealing very low total N and available P concentrations in the top layers. Grain yield was significantly affected by maize genotype, irrespective of the soil type. The longer-duration (Obatanpa) tended to out yield the short duration genotype (Dodzie), and generally outperformed Dodzie in all yield parameters except for the harvest index on Plinthosol. Inorganic fertilizers significantly (P<0.001) increased yield and all yield parameters over the control on both soils, with yield increases of 84 and 90% at 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha-1 N, P K, respectively. Genotype by fertilizer interaction was highly significant (P<0.001) for grain yield on both soils. We conclude that farmers in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana need to supply nutrients to enhance grain yields of maize, irrespective of the prevailing soil type.
Empleo de redes sociales para el análisis de las relaciones entre dominancia y leucocitospermia en carneros con estrés experimental
Authors: Garrido Fariña German Isauro , Castillo Hernández Gabriela , Gutiérrez Hernández José Luis , Morales Álvarez Jose Francisco , Díaz-Aparicio Efren , Romero Ramírez Carlos Maniel , Tortora Pérez Jorge Luis
Published: September 2015

El análisis de datos para generar redes ha sido empleado en epidemiologia y medicina preventiva, para conocer las relaciones e interacciones entre los integrantes de un núcleo social, evidenciando los factores que modifican al individuo, su rebaño o a la población completa. No hay aplicación del análisis de redes sobre las relaciones que se generan entre los datos obtenidos mediante estudios de etología y fisiología. El presente trabajo evalúa las relaciones entre la tasa de dominancia y la leucocitospermia, para observar la variación de las constantes y su injerencia sobre las otras, antes y después de un estímulo estresante en carneros adultos clínicamente sanos y libres de enfermedades genitourinarias. Mientras que la estadística descriptiva permite conocer las diferencias y correlaciónes entre los datos obtenidos, el análisis de redes permite observar en una gráfica en dos dimensiones las relaciones entre las variables y su efecto sobre otras. El análisis de redes se podrá aplicar al estudio de constantes que afectan el comportamiento y las condiciones clínico-fisiológicas de un rebaño, permitiendo la prevención a partir de la observación de las tendencias representadas en las gráficas asociadas a la variación de las constantes de los individuos.
Relación entre confianza, cooperación y redes sociales. Evidencia experimental en Chile
Authors: Berlien Araos Karin , Maino Vergara María Luisa
Published: September 2015

Las redes sociales y el comportamiento cooperativo han sido identificados como factores claves para explicar la aparición de “Capital Social”. A partir de la literatura, podemos decir que las condiciones para observar el desarrollo de una estrategia cooperativa son: la relación con el otro, y la repetición en el tiempo de esta. Este trabajo busca estudiar la relación entre el comportamiento cooperativo, la generación de confianza y la relevancia de las redes sociales para su desarrollo mediante la creación de un ambiente de experimentación que permita poner a prueba la aparición de la cooperación dentro de diferentes redes sociales. Permitiendo así, encontrar una primera aproximación de la relación entre el nivel de conexiones y la utilización de una estrategia cooperativa.
Repensando la etnicidad y el transnacionalismo desde el análisis de redes personales
Authors: Ávila Molero Javier Augusto
Published: September 2015

La etnicidad y el transnacionalismo se ha entendido desde los vínculos que los migrantes mantienen con personas de su sociedad y cultura de origen, pero no desde una vision “integral” de sus vínculos, que incluya también a personas de la sociedad de destino o de otros orígenes culturales. El artículo presenta una propuesta para “medir” la etnicidad y el transnacionalismo en los migrantes desde el análisis de las propiedades de composición de sus redes personales. Los resultados del estudio se elaboraron con una muestra de 293 redes de los siguientes colectivos migrantes: argentinos, dominicanos, peruanos, marroquíes y senegaleses en Barcelona, España. Los datos muestran que las redes de los migrantes tienen una estructura transnacional “multisituada” no solo entre los países de origen y destino sino también otros terceros y una composicón multiétnica. Los datos muestran también que entre los migrantes recientes los niveles de transnacionalismo son mayores y entre los migrantes más antiguos los niveles de transnacionalismo son mayores.
Identifying Policy Approaches to Reduce Medicaid Births and Costs by Examining Cross County Variation in Michigan
Authors: SMITH PATRICIA K.
Published: September 2015

The share of births financed by Medicaid has been steadily rising in Michigan, contributing to growing program costs. This paper identifies policy approaches that could reduce Medicaid births and their associated costs without reducing healthcare access for low income women. Because there are insufficient data for a time series analysis, this paper uses county-level variation and regression analysis to identify significant correlates of Michigan Medicaid births in 2009. The results, which control for a host of demographic, social and economic variables, indicate that counties with fewer federally funded family planning clinics and in which a greater share of women lack health insurance tend to have higher rates of Medicaid births. The findings indicate that policies to expand access to health insurance and increase the number of family planning clinics could help curb the growth in Medicaid births by helping couples avoid unintended pregnancy.
The Holy Roman Empire was Neither Holy, Nor Roman, Nor an Empire1
Authors: Renna Thomas
Published: September 2015

“The Holy Roman Empire was neither Holy nor Roman, nor an Empire.” For the historian, Voltaire's famous quip has three aspects: 1) What did Voltaire mean by it in 1756 when he wrote the line in his Essay on Customs? 2) How did contemporaries, including the Austrian Habsburgs, understand it? 3) Does the quote accurately describe the events the Philosophe is discussing (Charles IV of Bohemia and the Golden Bull of 1356)? Voltaire in fact exaggerates the weakness of the Empire in both 1356 and 1756, and uses an anachronistic standard to evaluate both: the quasi nation states of the 1750s. The three parts of the imperial title had changed in meaning during the four centuries after 1356. The jibe nonetheless reflects something of the thought of Voltaire and the French Enlightenment.
Desconstruindo a discriminação do negro no livro didático
Authors: Silva Ana Célia
Published: September 2015

As relações sociais na escola ainda refletem as consequências do recalque das diferenças internalizado por muitos alunos e professores. A segunda edição deste livro objetiva oferecer condições para que educadores e educadoras possam utilizar o livro didático de forma crítica, transformando-o em um instrumento gerador de consciência reflexiva. Desconstruir a ideologia que desumaniza contribui para o processo de reconstrução da identidade étnicoracial e da autoestima da criança negra, com efeitos positivos para a sua aprendizagem e sua interação social.
An Exploration on the New Model of China’s Opening-Up Strategy
Authors: Zhao Xiaochen
Published: September 2015

Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone (OETCZ) is a new model of China’s Opening-up Strategy. It establishes a platform for enterprises to invest abroad. The thesis probed into the functions of the OETCZ, such as changing product origins, avoiding trade barriers, transferring overcapacities and acquiring scarce resources. Furthermore, the paper puts forward the suggestions for promoting healthy development of the OETCZ.
Active mud volcanoes on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea
Authors: Paull C. K. , Dallimore S. R. , Caress D. W. , Gwiazda R. , Melling H. , Riedel M. , Jin Y. K. , Hong J. K. , Kim Y.‐G. , Graves D. , Sherman A. , Lundsten E. , Anderson K. , Lundsten L. , Villinger H. , Kopf A. , Johnson S. B. , Hughes Clarke J. , Blasco S. , Conway K. , Neelands P. , Thomas H. , Côté M.
Published: September 2015

Morphologic features, 600–1100 m across and elevated up to 30 m above the surrounding seafloor, interpreted to be mud volcanoes were investigated on the continental slope in the Beaufort Sea in the Canadian Arctic. Sediment cores, detailed mapping with an autonomous underwater vehicle, and exploration with a remotely operated vehicle show that these are young and actively forming features experiencing ongoing eruptions. Biogenic methane and low‐chloride, sodium‐bicarbonate‐rich waters are extruded with warm sediment that accumulates to form cones and low‐relief circular plateaus. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the ascending water indicate that a mixture of meteoric water, seawater, and water from clay dehydration has played a significant role in the evolution of these fluids. The venting methane supports extensive siboglinid tubeworms communities and forms some gas hydrates within the near seafloor. We believe that these are the first documented living chemosynthetic biological communities in the continental slope of the western Arctic Ocean.
Recent evidence for a strengthening CO2 sink in the Southern Ocean from carbonate system measurements in the Drake Passage (2002–2015)
Authors: Munro David R. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Takahashi Taro , Stephens Britton B. , Newberger Timothy , Sweeney Colm
Published: September 2015

We present a 13 year (2002–2015) semimonthly time series of the partial pressure of CO2 in surface water (pCO2surf) and other carbonate system parameters from the Drake Passage. This record shows a clear increase in the magnitude of the sea‐air pCO2 gradient, indicating strengthening of the CO2 sink in agreement with recent large‐scale analyses of the world oceans. The rate of increase in pCO2surf north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) is similar to the atmospheric pCO2 (pCO2atm) trend, whereas the pCO2surf increase south of the APF is slower than the pCO2atm trend. The high‐frequency surface observations indicate that an absence of a winter increase in total CO2 (TCO2) and cooling summer sea surface temperatures are largely responsible for increasing CO2 uptake south of the APF. Muted winter trends in surface TCO2 also provide temporary stability to the carbonate system that is already close to undersaturation with respect to aragonite.
Liquid iron‐hydrogen alloys at outer core conditions by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Umemoto Koichiro , Hirose Kei
Published: September 2015

We examined the density, bulk sound (compressional) velocity, and Grüneisen parameter of liquid pure Fe, Fe100H28 (0.50 wt % H), Fe88H40 (0.81 wt % H), and Fe76H52 (1.22 wt % H) at Earth's outer core pressure and temperature (P‐T) conditions (~100 to 350 GPa, 4000 to 7000 K) based on first‐principles molecular dynamics calculations. The results demonstrate that the thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter of liquid iron alloy decreases with increasing pressure, temperature, and hydrogen concentration, indicating a relatively small temperature gradient in the outer core when hydrogen is present. Along such temperature profile, both the density and compressional velocity of liquid iron containing ~1 wt % hydrogen match seismological observations. It suggests that hydrogen could be a primary light element in the core, although the shear velocity of the inner core is not reconciled with solid Fe‐H alloy and thus requires another impurity element.
Outlet glacier response to the 2012 collapse of the Matusevich Ice Shelf, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic
Authors: Willis Michael J. , Melkonian Andrew K. , Pritchard Matthew E.
Published: September 2015

The Matusevich Ice Shelf (MIS), located within the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian Arctic, rapidly broke apart between 10 August and 7 September 2012. We examine the response of the outlet glaciers that fed the MIS from local ice caps to the removal of the ice shelf. We use spaceborne laser altimetry and multiple optically derived digital elevation models to track ice surface elevation change rates (dh/dt) between 1984 and 2014. Glacier speeds are measured by pixel‐tracking from optical and RADAR imagery between 2010 and 2014 and interferometric synthetic aperture radar in 1995 to compare precollapse and postcollapse velocities. We find that the three main outlet glaciers that fed the MIS are thinning an order of magnitude more rapidly than most of the rest of Severnaya Zemyla, based upon ICESat data from 2003 to 2009. Recent, 2012 to 2014 thinning rates are three to four times faster than the 30 year average thinning rate, calculated between 1984 and 2014. The springtime speeds of the largest outlet glacier (Issledovateley) have increased more than 200% at the terminus between April 2010 and April 2014. To date, changes in surface elevation (dh/dt) and velocity at the outlet glaciers near MIS are smaller than glacier responses to ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. It is possible that the MIS was already very weak prior to the 2012 collapse and unable to support back stress. Further observations are required to assess whether the thinning and nonmelt season glacier speeds are continuing to accelerate.
Alcohol Intoxication: Mode and Risk for Injury
Authors: Brick John
Published: September 2015

As the mostly widely used drug on earth, alcohol is overly represented in accidental injuries that are often the subject of forensic examination. This article reviews the relationship between intoxication and different modes of injuries and where there is sufficient data, explores the dose‐dependent relationship between alcohol intoxication and statistical analysis of relative risk for a serious or fatal accident.
Effect of processing techniques on the 3D microstructure of poly (l‐lactic acid) scaffolds reinforced with wool keratin from different sources
Authors: Puglia Debora , Ceccolini Romina , Fortunati Elena , Armentano Ilaria , Morena Francesco , Martino Sabata , Aluigi Annalisa , Torre Luigi , Kenny Jose M
Published: September 2015

The aim of this work was the analysis of morphologies of poly (l‐lactic acid)/keratin tridimensional scaffolds developed by using two main solvent based techniques: solvent casting particulate leaching in the presence of paraffin microspheres as porogen, and thermally induced phase‐separation process. Keratins from different sources were used. Specifically, keratin from Merino wool (KM) and Brown Alpaca (KA) were dispersed in dioxane or 1,4‐dioxane/water mixture and then the keratin structure after interaction with 1.4‐dioxane was investigated by means of electrophoresis and spectroscopic analysis. A detailed morphological characterization of the scaffold systems obtained by the two different methods was performed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of porogen content, solvent composition and processing parameters, such as the influence of keratin presence (1 wt %) and source (KA and KM) were evaluated. The results reveal that 1,4‐dioxane, used as based solvent in the two selected processes, does not negatively affect the keratin structure. A slight change in the procedure parameters, such as porogen content or solvent/non‐solvent ratio, significantly affects the resulting porosity and architecture of the obtained PLLA and PLLA/keratin scaffolds. Both keratins can be considered as suitable fillers able to modify the pore architecture and interconnection of three‐dimensional PLLA/keratin porous composites obtained by the two different solvent assisted techniques. Of note, both composites are biocompatible, as demonstrated by the culture adult bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells without signs of toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42890.
2015 Recommendations for the Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Collaborative Initiative
Authors: Dejaco Christian , Singh Yogesh P. , Perel Pablo , Hutchings Andrew , Camellino Dario , Mackie Sarah , Abril Andy , Bachta Artur , Balint Peter , Barraclough Kevin , Bianconi Lina , Buttgereit Frank , Carsons Steven , Ching Daniel , Cid Maria , Cimmino Marco , Diamantopoulos Andreas , Docken William , Duftner Christina , Fashanu Billy , Gilbert Kate , Hildreth Pamela , Hollywood Jane , Jayne David , Lima Manuella , Maharaj Ajesh , Mallen Christian , Martinez‐Taboada Victor , Maz Mehrdad , Merry Steven , Miller Jean , Mori Shunsuke , Neill Lorna , Nordborg Elisabeth , Nott Jennifer , Padbury Hannah , Pease Colin , Salvarani Carlo , Schirmer Michael , Schmidt Wolfgang , Spiera Robert , Tronnier David , Wagner Alexandre , Whitlock Madeline , Matteson Eric L. , Dasgupta Bhaskar
Published: September 2015

Therapy for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) varies widely in clinical practice as international recommendations for PMR treatment are not currently available. In this paper, we report the 2015 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) recommendations for the management of PMR. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology as a framework for the project. Accordingly, the direction and strength of the recommendations are based on the quality of evidence, the balance between desirable and undesirable effects, patients’ and clinicians’ values and preferences, and resource use. Eight overarching principles and nine specific recommendations were developed covering several aspects of PMR, including basic and follow‐up investigations of patients under treatment, risk factor assessment, medical access for patients and specialist referral, treatment strategies such as initial glucocorticoid (GC) doses and subsequent tapering regimens, use of intramuscular GCs and disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), as well as the roles of non‐steroidal anti‐rheumatic drugs and non‐pharmacological interventions. These recommendations will inform primary, secondary and tertiary care physicians about an international consensus on the management of PMR. These recommendations should serve to inform clinicians about best practices in the care of patients with PMR.
Recent Trends in Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Amination Routes to Biologically Important Nitrogen Scaffolds
Authors: Subramanian Parthasarathi , Rudolf Georg C. , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: September 2015

Nitrogen‐containing heterocycles have found remarkable applications in natural product research, material sciences, and pharmaceuticals. Although the synthesis of this interesting class of compounds attracted the interest of generations of organic chemists, simple and straightforward assembly methods based on transition‐metal catalysis have regularly been elusive. The recent advancements in the development of C−H functionalization have helped in accomplishing the synthesis of a variety of complex heterocycles from simple precursors. This Focus Review summarizes the recent advances in one particular field: the copper‐catalyzed C−N bond formation reactions via C−H bond functionalization to furnish a comprehensive range of nitrogen heterocycles. Applicability and synthetic feasibility of a particular reaction represent major requirements for the inclusion in this review.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Charge Separation Leading to High‐Energy Radical Ion‐Pairs in Directly Linked Corrole–C60 and Triphenylamine–Corrole‐C60 Donor–Acceptor Conjugates
Authors: Sudhakar Kolanu , Gokulnath Sabapathi , Giribabu Lingamallu , Lim Gary N. , Trâm Tạ , D'Souza Francis
Published: September 2015

Closely positioned donor–acceptor pairs facilitate electron‐ and energy‐transfer events, relevant to light energy conversion. Here, a triad system TPACor‐C60, possessing a free‐base corrole as central unit that linked the energy donor triphenylamine (TPA) at the meso position and an electron acceptor fullerene (C60) at the β‐pyrrole position was newly synthesized, as were the component dyads TPA‐Cor and Cor‐C60. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT studies confirmed the molecular integrity and existence of a moderate level of intramolecular interactions between the components. Steady‐state fluorescence studies showed efficient energy transfer from 1TPA* to the corrole and subsequent electron transfer from 1corrole* to fullerene. Further studies involving femtosecond and nanosecond laser flash photolysis confirmed electron transfer to be the quenching mechanism of corrole emission, in which the electron‐transfer products, the corrole radical cation (Cor⋅+ in Cor‐C60 and TPA‐Cor⋅+ in TPACor‐C60) and fullerene radical anion (C60⋅−), could be spectrally characterized. Owing to the close proximity of the donor and acceptor entities in the dyad and triad, the rate of charge separation, kCS, was found to be about 1011 s−1, suggesting the occurrence of an ultrafast charge‐separation process. Interestingly, although an order of magnitude slower than kCS, the rate of charge recombination, kCR, was also found to be rapid (kCR≈1010 s−1), and both processes followed the solvent polarity trend DMF>benzonitrile>THF>toluene. The charge‐separated species relaxed directly to the ground state in polar solvents while in toluene, formation of 3corrole* was observed, thus implying that the energy of the charge‐separated state in a nonpolar solvent is higher than the energy of 3corrole* being about 1.52 eV. That is, ultrafast formation of a high‐energy charge‐separated state in toluene has been achieved in these closely spaced corrole–fullerene donor–acceptor conjugates.
Early sustainability assessment for potential configurations of integrated biorefineries. Screening of bio‐based derivatives from platform chemicals
Authors: Moncada Jonathan , Posada John A. , Ramírez Andrea
Published: September 2015

This study aims to identify potential bio‐based derivatives from the conversion of platform chemicals at early design phases. To do this, an existing early‐stage sustainability assessment method was extended, to cover both catalytic and biochemical conversion processes in biorefinery systems. The method combines proxy indicators describing economic, environmental, and operational aspects. Conversion routes are analyzed by using three case studies: catalytic conversion of bio‐based syngas to derivatives with petrochemical counterpart (16 systems), biochemical conversion of carbohydrates to derivatives with petrochemical counterpart (12 systems), and biochemical and catalytic conversion of glycerol to derivatives with petrochemical counterpart (8 systems). The indicators were combined into a single score, and then compared to a petrochemical counterpart. Sensitivity analysis was carried‐out to analyze the influence of conversion yields and prices on the index ratio. Furthermore, scenario analyses were conducted to account for three different regions (the EU, the USA, and China). Results confirmed the successful application of the method to processes that considered catalytic and/or biochemical conversion processes. The method showed to be an effective tool for the selection of bio‐based derivatives with favorable potential sustainability performances in comparison to their petrochemical counterparts. The results show two systems from syngas, five systems from carbohydrates, and seven systems from glycerol as favorable. The results serve as a primary database to draw recommendations on e.g., future configurations of integrated biorefineries. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Value of robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Jensen C C , Madoff R D
Published: September 2015

No patient benefit yet
Coronary artery embolism from infectious endocarditis treated with catheter thrombectomy using a GuideLiner catheter
Authors: Oestreich Brett A. , Sommer Per , Armstrong Ehrin J.
Published: September 2015

A 27‐year‐old male with history of IV drug use and recurrent endocarditis necessitating bioprosthetic mitral and tricuspid valve replacements presented with 2 weeks of fevers and chest pain. ECG revealed inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and he was taken urgently to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Coronary angiography revealed thrombotic occlusion of the distal right coronary artery (RCA) with no angiographic evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed followed by rheolytic thrombectomy. Despite multiple attempts at thrombectomy, significant residual organized thrombus persisted in the distal RCA. Therefore, further thrombectomy was performed by placing a GuideLiner catheter (Vascular Solutions, Minneapolis, MN) deep within the right coronary artery near the bifurcation into the posterior descending and posterior left ventricular arteries. After repeat aspiration, there was significant improvement with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 flow. Intravascular ultrasound of the RCA revealed a normal‐appearing vessel without evidence of atherosclerotic disease and mild residual thrombus. The decision was made to not pursue stent placement, given the concern for a likely embolic source. Following the procedure, the patient's chest pain resolved and his ST‐segments normalized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to perform transcaval access and closure for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Lederman Robert J. , Babaliaros Vasilis C. , Greenbaum Adam B.
Published: September 2015

Transcaval, or caval‐aortic, access is a promising approach for fully percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients without good conventional access options. This tutorial review provides step‐by‐step guidance to planning and executing the procedure, along with approaches to remedy complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late complete atrioventricular block after closure of an atrial septal defect with a gore septal occluder (GSO™)
Authors: Dittrich Sven , Sigler Matthias , Priessmann Helga
Published: September 2015

Temporary intermittent complete heart block (CHB) occurred the day after interventional closure of an ASD with a 30 mm Gore Septal Occluder (GSO™) in a 2 years and 11‐month‐old female. CHB disappeared without further treatment and stable sinus rhythm recovered within 3 days. Only short episodes of 2nd degree AV‐block (Wenckebach periodicity) at rare intervals were documented in Holter‐monitors the following 2 months. Eleven months after device implantation the patient suffered from long lasting episodes of CHB. Surgical removal of the device resulted in incomplete recovery of AV‐conduction. Histopathological work‐up of the explanted GSO showed complete endothelialization of the device and regular scar formation. One year after surgery, the child had sinus rhythm during daytime but needed VVI‐pacing while sleeping. Young age, inferior localization of the defect, and use of a large device have been individual risk factors for CHB in this patient. Clinical course and histologic findings indicate that mechanical compression was the only cause for CHB. The cumulative number of reports of CHB after use of different ASD‐devices supports the recommendation to postpone the intervention in asymptomatic patients to preschool‐age. Early removal of a pushing device may increase the chance of complete recovery from CHB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of carotid artery stenting with double cerebral embolic protection in high‐risk patients
Authors: Varbella Ferdinando , Gagnor Andrea , Rolfo Cristina , Cerrato Enrico , Bollati Mario , Giay Pron Paolo , Hartwig Massimo , Palacio Restrepo Sara , Reggiani Monica , Amarù Salvatore , Luda di Cortemiglia Emilio , Tomassini Francesco
Published: September 2015

Background

Previous trials comparing carotid artery stenting (CAS) with carotid endarterectomy have shown that the former can increase the stroke rate. However, in the last years, because of the improvements either of the technique or the improvement of the stents and embolic protection devices (EPD), CAS has become a very competitive procedure. In this study, we tried to assess the feasibility and the safety of using double EPD (proximal and distal) in high‐risk patients.

Methods

We collected data about all consecutive patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS and compared clinical and procedural characteristics as well as immediate and 30‐day outcomes between the use of double vs. single EPD.

Results

Between November 2007 and August 2014, 294 patients underwent CAS. In 35 of them (11.9%) double EPD was used. In comparison with the patients treated with single EPD, those with double EPD presented more with acute carotid syndrome (recurrent TIAs < 48 hr, minor stroke < 14 days) and with complex plaque (79.4 vs. 33.6%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference between the 2 groups in primary success (100 vs. 99.6%, P = 0.16) and in 30‐days major complications: death (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.6), major stroke (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.42), and minor stroke (0 vs 1.1%, P = 0.66).

Conclusions

In our experience, in high‐risk patients with high‐risk lesions, the use of double EPD (proximal and distal) is safe and effective in minimizing the risk of cerebral embolization, but, to validate such a technique in wide range of patients, further studies are warranted. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatal Erosion Atrial Septal Defect Device
Authors: Kister Tobias , Dähnert Ingo , Lurz Philipp
Published: September 2015

Percutaneus device closure of atrial septal defects offers an alternative to conventional surgical repair. While procedure techniques and devices have improved, severe complications remain that are neither completely understood nor entire predictable. We present a case of a 19‐year‐old female with left atrial erosion leading to lethal pericardial tamponade 1 month after ASD II closure using the Nit Occlude ASD‐R® (NOASD‐R, pfm Medical, Cologne, Germany). To our knowledge this is the first reported lethal complication related to this device. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modified contrast microinjection technique to facilitate chronic total occlusion recanalization
Authors: Carlino Mauro , Ruparelia Neil , Thomas Gavin , Brooks Matthew , Uretsky Barry F. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Hanratty Colm , Walsh Simon , Spratt James , Colombo Antonio
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and safety of the modified contrast microinjection technique to facilitate chronic total occlusion recanalization.

Background

The success rate of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) does not exceed 90% even in the most experienced centres. We have previously demonstrated that a large volume of contrast injected into the subintimal space can facilitate recanalization but is limited by a risk of serious complication. The aim of this study was to assess the application, efficacy and safety of a modified contrast microinjection technique that utilizes the injection of a much smaller volume of contrast in CTO‐PCI.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients in whom the modified microinjection technique was utilised in patients undergoing CTO‐PCI at five tertiary centres was conducted. Results: Of 1,192 patients who underwent CTO‐PCI, the microinjection technique was used in 59 patients (4.7%). The majority of CTOs treated were in the right coronary artery (79.7%), were of high complexity and 35.6% of lesions had a least one previously failed PCI attempt. The modified microinjection technique was used for more than one indication in 7 (11.9%) of patients. The success rate was 81.4%. There were no procedural complications related to the use of the reported modified microinjection.

Conclusion

Initial experience with the modified microinjection demonstrates that it can be performed safely, is reproducible, and is broadly applicable. Whilst not required for all CTO procedures it can be a helpful adjunctive tool to increase the likelihood of success especially in complex, or refractory cases, without compromising the safety of the procedure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas‐Phase Photooxidation: Reactors and Materials
Authors: Bechec Mickael Le , Costarramone Nathalie , Pigot Thierry , Lacombe Sylvie
Published: September 2015

Photocatalytic vs. photosensitizing materials to be used for gas‐phase photooxidation and photooxygenation, respectively, are described. An overview is given on reactive oxygen species specific to photocatalysis and photosensitization as well as on various kinds of gas‐phase reactors and photocatalytic materials in order to illustrate the great number of possible configurations and conditions of use. Some efforts towards standardization of gas‐phase photocatalytic reactors devoted to indoor‐ or outdoor‐air treatment are mentioned. Examples for application of singlet oxygen in solvent‐free photooxygenation reaction of volatile sulfides are given together with the properties of silica‐based photosensitizing materials.
Recent Advances on the Total Syntheses of Communesin Alkaloids and Perophoramidine
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Osipov Maksim
Published: September 2015

The communesin alkaloids are a diverse family of Penicillium‐derived alkaloids. Their caged‐polycyclic structure and intriguing biological profiles have made these natural products attractive targets for total synthesis. Similarly, the ascidian‐derived alkaloid, perophoramidine, is structurally related to the communesins and has also become a popular target for total synthesis. This review serves to summarize the many elegant approaches that have been developed to access the communesin alkaloids and perophoramidine. Likewise, strategies to access the communesin ring system are reviewed.
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Evidence for the Crucial Role of Compound 0 in the P450cam‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Camphor by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Franke Alicja , van Eldik Rudi
Published: September 2015

The hydroperoxo iron(III) intermediate P450camFeIII–OOH, being the true Compound 0 (Cpd 0) involved in the natural catalytic cycle of P450cam, could be transiently observed in the peroxo‐shunt oxidation of the substrate‐free enzyme by hydrogen peroxide under mild basic conditions and low temperature. The prolonged lifetime of Cpd 0 enabled us to kinetically examine the formation and reactivity of P450camFeIII–OOH species as a function of varying reaction conditions, such as pH, and concentration of H2O2, camphor, and potassium ions. The mechanism of hydrogen peroxide binding to the substrate‐free form of P450cam differs completely from that observed for other heme proteins possessing the distal histidine as a general acid–base catalyst and is mainly governed by the ability of H2O2 to undergo deprotonation at the hydroxo ligand coordinated to the iron(III) center under conditions of pH≥p. Notably, no spectroscopic evidence for the formation of either Cpd I or Cpd II as products of heterolytic or homolytic OO bond cleavage, respectively, in Cpd 0 could be observed under the selected reaction conditions. The kinetic data obtained from the reactivity studies involving (1R)‐camphor, provide, for the first time, experimental evidence for the catalytic activity of the P450FeIII–OOH intermediate in the oxidation of the natural substrate of P450cam.
Near‐Infrared Light and pH‐Responsive Polypyrrole@Polyacrylic acid/Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Imaging and Chemo‐Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Manjie , Wang Tingting , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Wang Chungang
Published: September 2015

We have rationally designed a new theranostic agent by coating near‐infrared (NIR) light‐absorbing polypyrrole (PPY) with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), in which PAA acts as a nanoreactor and template, followed by growing small fluorescent silica nanoparticles (fSiO2 NPs) inside the PAA networks, resulting in the formation of polypyrrole@polyacrylic acid/fluorescent mesoporous silica (PPY@PAA/fmSiO2) core–shell NPs. Meanwhile, DOX‐loaded PPY@PAA/fmSiO2 NPs as pH and NIR dual‐sensitive drug delivery vehicles were employed for fluorescence imaging and chemo‐photothermal synergetic therapy in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that the PPY@PAA/fmSiO2 NPs show high in vivo tumor uptake by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect after intravenous injection as revealed by in vivo fluorescence imaging, which is very helpful for visualizing the location of the tumor. Moreover, the obtained NPs inhibit tumor growth (95.6 % of tumors were eliminated) because of the combination of chemo‐photothermal therapy, which offers a synergistically improved therapeutic outcome compared with the use of either therapy alone. Therefore, the present study provides new insights into developing NIR and pH‐stimuli responsive PPY‐based multifunctional platform for cancer theranostics.
ChemInform Abstract: Cr3+: SrGa12O19: A Broadband Near‐Infrared Long‐Persistent Phosphor.
Authors: Xu Ju , Chen Daqin , Yu Yunlong , Zhu Wenjuan , Zhou Jiangchong , Wang Yuansheng
Published: September 2015

SrGa12O19:Cr3+x (x = 0.0005‐0.02) are fabricated by calcination of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, Ga2O3, and Cr2O3 in air (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Red‐Emitting Phosphors Na2XF6: Mn4+(X: Si, Ge, Ti) with High Colour‐Purity for Warm White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Wang Zhengliang , Liu Yong , Zhou Yayun , Zhou Qiang , Tan Huiying , Zhang Qiuhan , Peng Jinhui
Published: September 2015

Mn4+‐doped Na2MF6 (M: Si, Ge, Ti) is prepared by dissolving MO2 in HF (40%) and adding NaMnO4 to the transparent solution followed by co‐precipitation with NaF (70 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of an Abrupt Insulator‐to‐Metal Transition in Dense Liquid Deuterium.
Authors: Knudson M. D. , Desjarlais M. P. , Becker A. , Lemke R. W. , Cochrane K. R. , Savage M. E. , Bliss D. E. , Mattsson T. R. , Redmer R.
Published: September 2015

Abrupt insulator‐to‐metal transition is experimentally observed in dense liquid D2 by application of magnetic shock waves of several hundred GPa to a cryocell containing D2 (22 K, density of 0.167 g/cm3) at the Sandia Z machine (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) for pulsed power research.
ChemInform Abstract: Compressed Sodalite‐Like MgH6 as a Potential High‐Temperature Superconductor.
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Zhang Jurong , Gao Guoying , Liu Hanyu , Wang Hui
Published: September 2015

The stability of MgH6 with a sodalite‐like framework at <150 GPa is predicted by first‐principles DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Trapped by Rare Earth Tetrahedral Clusters in Nd4FeOS6: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Taufour Valentin , Zhang Yuemei , Wood Max , Drtina Thomas , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C. , Miller Gordon J.
Published: September 2015

Single crystals of Nd4FeOS6 are grown from an Fe‐S eutectic solution using a mixture of the elements in the molar ratio of Nd:Fe:S = 4:55:41 (alumina crucible, heating to 1150 °C over 12 h; cooling to 1000 °C with a rate of 1 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Brackebuschite‐Type Transition Metal Vanadates: Ba2M(VO4)2(OH), M: V3+, Mn3+, and Fe3+, with Interesting Jahn—Teller and Spin‐Liquid Behavior.
Authors: Sanjeewa Liurukara D. , McGuire Michael A. , Garlea Vasile O. , Hu Longyu , Chumanov George , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: September 2015

Large single crystals of Ba2V(VO4)2(OH) (I) and Sr2V(VO4)2(OH) (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of BaO or SrO, V2O3, V2O5, and aqueous NaOH as a mineralizer solution (Ag ampules, autoclave, 1.2 kbar, 650 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of O‐Alkynylarylbromides with Dialkylalkynes via Consecutive Carbopalladation.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: September 2015

The reaction provides dihydrocyclopenta[a]indene derivatives endowed with various aryl substituents in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: No Photocatalyst Required — Versatile, Visible Light Mediated Transformations with Polyhalomethanes.
Authors: Franz Johannes F. , Kraus Wolfgang B. , Zeitler Kirsten
Published: September 2015

Tetrahydroisoquinolines (I) are oxidized in the presence of CBrCl3 under blue LED irradiation to the corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolinium bromides (II).