bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEED
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Zhou Dongyan , Chen Shimin
Published: September 2017

Tree-structured data formats, such as JSON and Protocol Buffers, are capable of expressing sophisticated data types, including nested, repeated, and missing values. While such expressing power contributes to their popularity in real-world applications, it presents a significant challenge for systems supporting tree-structured data. Existing systems have focused on general-purpose solutions either extending RDBMSs or designing native systems. However, the general-purpose approach often results in sophisticated data structures and algorithms, which may not reflect and optimize for the actual structure patterns in the real world.

In this demonstration, we showcase Steed, an analytical database System for tree-structured data. We use the insights gained by analyzing representative real-world tree structured data as guidelines in the design of Steed. Steed learns and extracts a schema tree for a data set and uses the schema tree to reduce the storage space and improve the efficiency of data field accesses. We observe that sub-structures in real world data are often simple, while the tree-structured data types can support very sophisticated structures. We optimize the storage structure, the column assembling algorithm, and the in-memory layout for the simple sub-structures (a.k.a. simple paths). Compared to representative state-of-the-art systems (i.e. PostgreSQL/JSON, MongoDB, and Hive+Parquet), Steed achieves orders of magnitude better performance for data analysis queries.
Strider
Authors: Ren Xiangnan , Curé Olivier , Ke Li , Lhez Jeremy , Belabbess Badre , Randriamalala Tendry , Zheng Yufan , Kepeklian Gabriel
Published: September 2017

Real-time processing of data streams emanating from sensors is becoming a common task in industrial scenarios. An increasing number of processing jobs executed over such platforms are requiring reasoning mechanisms. The key implementation goal is thus to efficiently handle massive incoming data streams and support reasoning, data analytic services. Moreover, in an on-going industrial project on anomaly detection in large potable water networks, we are facing the effect of dynamically changing data and work characteristics in stream processing. The Strider system addresses these research and implementation challenges by considering scalability, fault-tolerance, high throughput and acceptable latency properties. We will demonstrate the benefits of Strider on an Internet of Things-based real world and industrial setting.
T
e
C
o
R
e
Authors: Chekol Melisachew W. , Pirrò Giuseppe , Schoenfisch Joerg , Stuckenschmidt Heiner
Published: September 2017

The management of uncertainty is crucial when harvesting structured content from unstructured and noisy sources. Knowledge Graphs (
kg
s), maintaining both numerical and non-numerical facts supported by an underlying schema, are a prominent example. Knowledge Graph management is challenging because: (i) most of existing
kg
s focus on static data, thus impeding the availability of timewise knowledge; (ii) facts in
kg
s are usually accompanied by a confidence score, which witnesses how likely it is for them to hold.

We demonstrate T
e
C
o
R
e
, a system for temporal inference and conflict resolution in uncertain temporal knowledge graphs (
utkg
s). At the heart of T
e
C
o
R
e
are two state-of-the-art probabilistic reasoners that are able to deal with temporal constraints efficiently. While one is scalable, the other can cope with more expressive constraints. The demonstration will focus on enabling users and applications to find inconsistencies in
utkg
s. T
e
C
o
R
e
provides an interface allowing to select
utkg
s and editing constraints; shows the maximal consistent subset of the
utkg
, and displays statistics (e.g., number of noisy facts removed) about the debugging process.
ClaimBuster
Authors: Hassan Naeemul , Zhang Gensheng , Arslan Fatma , Caraballo Josue , Jimenez Damian , Gawsane Siddhant , Hasan Shohedul , Joseph Minumol , Kulkarni Aaditya , Nayak Anil Kumar , Sable Vikas , Li Chengkai , Tremayne Mark
Published: September 2017

Our society is struggling with an unprecedented amount of falsehoods, hyperboles, and half-truths. Politicians and organizations repeatedly make the same false claims. Fake news floods the cyberspace and even allegedly influenced the 2016 election. In fighting false information, the number of active fact-checking organizations has grown from 44 in 2014 to 114 in early 2017.
1
Fact-checkers vet claims by investigating relevant data and documents and publish their verdicts. For instance, PolitiFact.com, one of the earliest and most popular fact-checking projects, gives factual claims truthfulness ratings such as True, Mostly True, Half true, Mostly False, False, and even "Pants on Fire". In the U.S., the election year made fact-checking a part of household terminology. For example, during the first presidential debate on September 26, 2016, NPR.org's live fact-checking website drew 7.4 million page views and delivered its biggest traffic day ever.
The era of big spatial data
Authors: Eldawy Ahmed , Mokbel Mohamed F.
Published: September 2017

In this tutorial, we present the recent work in the database community for handling Big Spatial Data. This topic became very hot due to the recent explosion in the amount of spatial data generated by smart phones, satellites and medical devices, among others. This tutorial goes beyond the use of existing systems as-is (e.g., Hadoop, Spark or Impala), and digs deep into the core components of big systems (e.g., indexing and query processing) to describe how they are designed to handle big spatial data. During this 90-minute tutorial, we review the state-of-the-art work in the area of Big Spatial Data while classifying the existing research efforts according to the
implementation approach, underlying architecture
, and
system components.
In addition, we provide case studies of full-fledged systems and applications that handle Big Spatial Data which allows the audience to better comprehend the whole tutorial.
Tutorial
Authors: Mohan C.
Published: September 2017

In the last few years, blockchain (also known as distributed ledger), the underlying technology of the permissionless or public Bitcoin network, has become very popular for use in private or permissioned environments. Computer companies like IBM and Microsoft, and many key players in different vertical industry segments have recognized the utility of blockchains for securely managing assets (physical/digital) other than cryptocurrencies. IBM did some pioneering work by architecting and implementing a private blockchain system, and then open sourcing it. That system, which has since then been named Fabric, is being enhanced via the Hyperledger Consortium set up under the auspices of the Linux Foundation. Other efforts in the industry include Enterprise Ethereum, R3 Corda and BigchainDB.
A groupoid approach to pseudodifferential calculi
Authors: van Erp Erik , Yuncken Robert
Published: September 2017

In this paper we give an algebraic/geometric characterization of the classical pseudodifferential operators on a smooth manifold in terms of the tangent groupoid and its natural

ℝ
+
×

{\mathbb{R}^{\times}_{+}}

-action. Specifically, a properly supported semiregular distribution on

M
×
M

{M\times M}

is the Schwartz kernel of a classical pseudodifferential operator if and only if it extends to a smooth family of distributions on the range fibers of the tangent groupoid that is homogeneous for the

ℝ
+
×

{\mathbb{R}^{\times}_{+}}

-action modulo smooth functions. Moreover, we show that the basic properties of pseudodifferential operators can be proven directly from this characterization. Further, with the appropriate generalization of the tangent bundle, the same definition applies without change to define pseudodifferential calculi on arbitrary filtered manifolds, in particular the Heisenberg calculus.
Entropy generation analysis and effects of slip conditions on micropolar fluid flow due to a rotating disk
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Naz Farah , Sultan Faqiha
Published: September 2017

This article deals with the investigation of three-dimensional axisymmetric steady flow of micropolar fluid over a rotating disk in a slip-flow regime. Further, the generation of entropy due to heat transfer and fluid friction is identified. It is noticed that the entropy generation can be decreased and controlled in the presence of slip. The anisotropic slip has vital characteristics and it has a great influence on the flow field and heat transfer. The von Kármán similarity transformation is used to establish the equations governing the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the fluid. The impact of some important parameters on velocity profiles, angular velocity (microrotation) and energy distribution is discussed and illustrated through graphs and tables. The effects of physical parameters on the entropy generation and Bejan numbers are also presented graphically. In addition, the most favorable agreement is observed among the results of the present study and those of the earlier studies.
Dephosphorization by Double-Slag Process in Converter Steelmaking
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Feng Jie , Wang Feng
Published: September 2017

The double-slag converter steelmaking process can smelt low- and ultra-low-phosphorus steel and reduce lime and dolomite consumption and the amount of final slag simultaneously. Industrial steelmaking tests on a 150-metric ton converter at the Tangsteel Company were carried out to study this principle and its effect on the dephosphorization ratio and material consumption. The results showed that low-temperature stage could be used with a reduced amount of slag in the double-slag steelmaking process to achieve rapid and efficient dephosphorization. A low-basicity slag (~1.5–2.0) in the dephosphorization stage is required in double-slag process. The dephosphorization ratio reached a maximum of 71 % when the slag basicity was 1.7. The end-point phosphorus content after the smelting process was reduced from an average of 0.018 mass% to an average of 0.011 mass% and the dephosphorization efficiency increased by more than 6 %. The dephosphorization slag could be poured out rapidly when the FeO content was controlled at ~16–20 mass% in the double-slag smelting process. Based on key factors such as an efficient dephosphorization and a rapid iron–slag separation, the production efficiency was improved and the smelting cycle increased by only four minutes over the conventional process.
Genealogies and Politics: Phocus on the Road
Authors: Franchi Elena
Published: September 2017

On usually refers to all the figures named „Phocus“ as one and the same Phocus, the alleged eponymous hero of the Phocians, and wonder why he has so many „Doppelgänger“: one or more Homeric heroes, a son of Aecus, a son of Ornytion, and so on. This paper assumes instead that there are many different heroes whose names are Phocus, and wonders to what extent and why were they linked. Indeed the contradictory stories about Phocus represent an interesting case of the permeability of the heroes' genealogies and of the traditional narratives about them in archaic and classical Greece. A survey of the sources shows that all the figures named „Phocus“ were more than once linked together to express specific needs. These needs reflect different aims and historical events which are ascribable mainly to the archaic and classical periods. Moreover, they are concerned with Phocis as well as with Corinth, Aegina, Locris, Thebes and Thessaly. By reconstructing wherever possible the chronological context of the different layers and overlaps and by linking them to the several traditions concerning heroes named Phocus, it is possible to construct a map which describes some of the relationships, some geopolitical landscapes and, to a certain extent, even some geopolitical lines working in Central Greece and beyond from the archaic to the Roman period.
Investigation of the effect of inert inclusions on densification during solid-state sintering of metal matrix composites
Authors: Cabezas Jose L. , Olmos Luis , Vergara-Hernández Hector J. , Garnica Pedro , Jiménez Omar , Mondragón-Sánchez Maria L. , Lemus-Ruiz Jose
Published: September 2017

Solid-state sintering is the most used process to produce composites. In this paper, the effect of inert inclusions on densification during sintering was evaluated for Cu-WC and Cu-W composites, which have several industrial applications. Dilatometry tests were performed to follow the densification of composites. The effects of the quantity, size, and interphase bonding on densification of the matrix were studied. Distribution of the inert particles inside of the matrix was observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The results show that densification is decreased as the volume fraction of inclusions increases. Two different behaviors are detected when two different sizes of inclusions are used. For <20% vol. of inclusions, smaller tungsten particles have a minor effect on the densification than those of tungsten carbide. On the contrary, higher volume fractions of smaller tungsten particles drastically decrease the densification. The microhardness of the copper matrix is improved up to 15% vol. of inclusions, being higher for tungsten carbide particles. It was found that 15% vol. of inclusions is the maximal quantity of inclusions that can be used, as higher quantities inhibit densification and reduce the mechanical properties of the composite.
Eltern in religiöser Heterogenität – ein religionspädagogisches Themen- und Forschungsfeld am Beispiel von Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaften in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: Edelbrock Anke
Published: September 2017

Unter Berücksichtigung der in Kindertagesstätten vorliegenden kulturellen und religiösen Heterogenität fragt der Artikel in religionspädagogischer Perspektive nach der Bedeutung von Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaften für den Bereich der Frühpädagogik. Dabei werden besonders die für eine gelingende Partnerschaft notwendigen Kompetenzen und Fähigkeiten der pädagogischen Fachkräfte fokussiert. Deutlich wird, dass die Fragestellung nach Bedeutung und Rolle der Eltern in religiös pluraler Gesellschaft noch ein wenig bearbeitetes, religionspädagogisches Forschungs- und Themenfeld ist.
Analysis of Anisotropy in Turned Surfaces Using Vision Based 3D Surface Topography
Authors: Prasad Balla Srinivasa , Prasad Dora Siva , Nawaz Azam
Published: September 2017

Anisotropy in machined surfaces has a significant effect on the functional performance of an engineering surface. Complexity in surface topography directly affects a component’s functional performance, such as load bearing, friction, wear, surface roughness, and fluid retention properties. The anisotropic and isotropic nature of surfaces could be disregarded for 2D surface characterization, but they are of fundamental importance to 3D surfaces for characterization, which is a result of cutting motion; thus, the machined surfaces consist of fluctuations, peaks, and valleys. The surface topography of the workpiece can be viewed more precisely by viewing it under micro scale magnification. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of the tool condition in machining processes on different workpiece surfaces and to investigate the resulting 3D surface topography on friction and wear properties of machined components. The 3D surface topography parameters, such as Sa, Sq, Ssk, Sku, and Sdr, are extracted by using commercial software (TalySurf10). Subsequently these parameters are used to compare and analyze the specific-functional performances of the tool. The encouraging results of this work pave the way for the analysis of the machined surface and the development of real-time and reliable tool-condition monitoring systems.
Action Potential Broadening in Capsaicin-Sensitive DRG Neurons from Frequency-Dependent Reduction of Kv3 Current
Authors: Liu Pin W. , Blair Nathaniel T. , Bean Bruce P.
Published: September 2017

Action potential (AP) shape is a key determinant of cellular electrophysiological behavior. We found that in small-diameter, capsaicin-sensitive dorsal root ganglia neurons corresponding to nociceptors (from rats of either sex), stimulation at frequencies as low as 1 Hz produced progressive broadening of the APs. Stimulation at 10 Hz for 3 s resulted in an increase in AP width by an average of 76 ± 7% at 22°C and by 38 ± 3% at 35°C. AP clamp experiments showed that spike broadening results from frequency-dependent reduction of potassium current during spike repolarization. The major current responsible for frequency-dependent reduction of overall spike-repolarizing potassium current was identified as Kv3 current by its sensitivity to low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (IC50<100 μm) and block by the peptide inhibitor blood depressing substance I (BDS-I). There was a small component of Kv1-mediated current during AP repolarization, but this current did not show frequency-dependent reduction. In a small fraction of cells, there was a component of calcium-dependent potassium current that showed frequency-dependent reduction, but the contribution to overall potassium current reduction was almost always much smaller than that of Kv3-mediated current. These results show that Kv3 channels make a major contribution to spike repolarization in small-diameter DRG neurons and undergo frequency-dependent reduction, leading to spike broadening at moderate firing frequencies. Spike broadening from frequency-dependent reduction in Kv3 current could mitigate the frequency-dependent decreases in conduction velocity typical of C-fiber axons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSmall-diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons mediating nociception and other sensory modalities express many types of potassium channels, but how they combine to control firing patterns and conduction is not well understood. We found that action potentials of small-diameter rat DRG neurons showed spike broadening at frequencies as low as 1 Hz and that spike broadening resulted predominantly from frequency-dependent inactivation of Kv3 channels. Spike width helps to control transmitter release, conduction velocity, and firing patterns and understanding the role of particular potassium channels can help to guide new pharmacological strategies for targeting pain-sensing neurons selectively.
Kisspeptin regulates steroidogenesis and spermiation in anuran amphibian
Authors: Chianese Rosanna , Ciaramella Vincenza , Fasano Silvia , Pierantoni Riccardo , Meccariello Rosaria
Published: September 2017

Kisspeptin (Kp) system has a recognized role in the control of gonadotropic axis, at multiple levels. Recently, a major focus of research has been to assess any direct activity of this system on testis physiology. Using the amphibian anuran,Pelophylax esculentus, as animal model, we demonstrate – for the first time in non-mammalian vertebrate – that testis expresses both Kiss-1 and Gpr54 proteins during the annual sexual cycle and thatex vivo17B-estradiol (E2, 10−6 M) increases both proteins over control group. Since the interstitium is the main site of localization of both ligand and receptor, its possible involvement in the regulation of steroidogenesis has been evaluated byex vivotreatment of testis pieces with increasing doses of Kp-10 (10−9–10−6 M). Treatments have been carried out in February – when a new wave of spermatogenesis occurs – and affect the expression of key enzymes of steroidogenesis inducing opposite effects on testosterone and estradiol intratesticular levels. Morphological analysis of Kp-treated testes reveals higher number of tubules with spermatozoa detached from Sertoli cells than control group and the expression of connexin 43, the main junctional protein in testis, is deeply affected by the treatment. In spite of the effects on spermatozoa observedex vivo,in vivoadministration of Kp-10 has been unable to induce sperm release in cloacal fluid. In conclusion, we demonstrate Kp-10 effects on steroidogenesis with possible involvement in the balance between testosterone and estradiol levels, and report new Kp-10 activities on spermatozoa–Sertoli cell interaction.
The Transcriptional Response of Candida albicans to Weak Organic Acids, Carbon Source, and MIG1 Inactivation Unveils a Role for HGT16 in Mediating the Fungistatic Effect of Acetic Acid
Authors: Cottier Fabien , Tan Alrina Shin Min , Yurieva Marina , Liao Webber , Lum Josephine , Poidinger Michael , Zolezzi Francesca , Pavelka Norman
Published: September 2017

Candida albicans is a resident fungus of the human intestinal microflora. Commonly isolated at low abundance in healthy people, C. albicans outcompetes local microbiota during candidiasis episodes. Under normal conditions, members of the human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota were shown to keep C. albicans colonization under control. By releasing weak organic acids (WOAs), bacteria are able to moderate yeast growth. This mechanism displays a synergistic effect in vitro with the absence of glucose in medium of culture, which underlines the complex interactions that C. albicans faces in its natural environment. Inactivation of the transcriptional regulator MIG1 in C. albicans results in a lack of sensitivity to this synergistic outcome. To decipher C. albicans transcriptional responses to glucose, WOAs, and the role of MIG1, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on four biological replicates exposed to combinations of these three parameters. We were able to characterize the (i) glucose response, (ii) response to acetic and butyric acid, (iii) MIG1 regulation of C. albicans, and (iv) genes responsible for WOA resistance. We identified a group of six genes linked to WOA sensitivity in a glucose-MIG1-dependent manner and inactivated one of these genes, the putative glucose transporter HGT16, in a SC5314 wild-type background. As expected, the mutant displayed a partial complementation to WOA resistance in the absence of glucose. This result points toward a mechanism of WOA sensitivity in C. albicans involving membrane transporters, which could be exploited to control yeast colonization in human body niches.
COMBAT: A Combined Association Test for Genes Using Summary Statistics
Authors: Wang Minghui , Huang Jianfei , Liu Yiyuan , Ma Li , Potash James B , Han Shizhong
Published: September 2017

Many gene-based association tests have been proposed for genomewide association studies (GWAS). However, the power of existing gene-based tests is...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used for identifying common variants associated with complex diseases. Traditional analysis of GWAS typically examines one marker at a time, usually single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to identify individual variants associated with a disease. However, due to the small effect sizes of common variants, the power to detect individual risk variants is generally low. As a complementary approach to SNP-level analysis, a variety of gene-based association tests have been proposed. However, the power of existing gene-based tests is often dependent on the underlying genetic models, and it is not known a priori which test is optimal. Here we propose a combined association test (COMBAT) for genes, which incorporates strengths from existing gene-based tests and shows higher overall performance than any individual test. Our method does not require raw genotype or phenotype data, but needs only SNP-level P-values and correlations between SNPs from ancestry-matched samples. Extensive simulations showed that COMBAT has an appropriate type I error rate, maintains higher power across a wide range of genetic models, and is more robust than any individual gene-based test. We further demonstrated the superior performance of COMBAT over several other gene-based tests through reanalysis of the meta-analytic results of GWAS for bipolar disorder. Our method allows for the more powerful application of gene-based analysis to complex diseases, which will have broad use given that GWAS summary results are increasingly publicly available.
Attitudes of Australian Muslims and Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions
Authors: Diallo Ibrahima
Published: September 2017

Abstract Islamic (community) schools and mosques are extremely important sites for religious education, language and culture maintenance and religious rituals and practices for a large number of Muslim Australians,  These institutions remained significant and symbolic of Islamic identities despite rampant anti-Muslim sentiments:  attacks and threats against Muslim institutions (mosques and Islamic schools) and individual members of the Muslim community and negative media portrayal. Despite these hostilities and tensions, a case study conducted in Adelaide and Darwin shows that the Muslim community holds the view that the attitudes of Australian wider community toward their institutions are mixed with more positive than negative attitudes for which they blamed the media.   Abstrak Beberapa sekolah (komunitas) dan tempat peribadatan Islam  merupakan bagian yang sangat penting untuk pendidikan keagamaan, pelestarian bahasa dan budaya, dan praktik keagamaan bagi hampir semua masyarakat muslim di Australia.  Beberapa Rutinitas seperti ini masih signifikan dan menjadi simbol identitas bagi seorang muslim terlepas dari sikap sentimentil terhadap kaum muslim yang merajalela: seperti serangan dan ancaman terhadap institusi muslim (masjid dan sekolah islam), individu muslim itu sendiri dan penggambaran negatif terhadap islam itu sendiri. Terkait permusuhan dan ketegangan yang sedang terjadi saat ini, sebuah studi kasus yang dilakukan di Adelaide, dan Darwin mengemukakan bahwa komunitas muslim masih berpandangan bahwa sikap masyarakat Australia secara luas terhadap institusi mereka bercampur dengan sikap yang lebih positif daripada sikap negatif dari apa yang ditujukan oleh media.   How to Cite : Dialo, I. (2017). Attitudes of Australian Muslims and  Australian Wider Community Towards Muslim Institutions. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 4(1), 1-12. doi:10.15408/tjems.v4i1. 5830. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5830
Clinical Pathway Produces Sustained Improvement in Acute Gastroenteritis Care
Authors: Rutman Lori , Klein Eileen J. , Brown Julie C.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Despite widespread use of the rotavirus vaccine in the last decade, dehydrating illnesses impact almost 2 billion children worldwide annually. Evidence supports oral rehydration therapy as a first-line treatment of mild to moderate dehydration. Ondansetron has proven to be a safe and effective adjunct in children with vomiting. We implemented a clinical pathway in our pediatric emergency department (ED) in January 2005 to improve care for this common condition. Our objective in this study was to determine the long-term impact of the pathway for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) on the proportion of patients receiving intravenous (IV) fluids and ED length of stay (LOS) for discharged patients.

METHODS:

Cases were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. We used statistical process control to analyze process and outcome measures for 2 years before and 10 years after pathway implementation.

RESULTS:

We included 30 519 patients. We found special cause variation with a downward shift in patients receiving IV fluids after initiation of the pathway and later with addition of ondansetron to the pathway from 48% to 26%. Mean ED LOS for discharged patients with AGE decreased from 247 to 172 minutes. These improvements were sustained over time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of a clinical pathway emphasizing oral rehydration therapy and ondansetron for children with AGE led to decreased IV fluid use and LOS in a pediatric ED. Improvements were sustained over a 10-year period. Our results suggest that quality-improvement interventions for AGE can have long-term impacts on care delivery.
Post-Up Study: Postpartum Depression Screening in Well-Child Care and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: van der Zee-van den Berg Angarath I. , Boere-Boonekamp Magda M. , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Catharina G.M. , IJzerman Maarten J. , Haasnoot-Smallegange Riet M.E. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES:

Postpartum depression often remains unaddressed. Screening in well-child care (WCC) may improve early detection, promote maternal recovery, and reduce effects on child development. We assessed the effectiveness of screening for postpartum depression in WCC compared with care as usual (CAU) on outcomes at mother and child levels.

METHODS:

In a prospective, quasiexperimental, comparative design, mothers visiting Dutch WCC centers were exposed either to screening at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum (n = 1843) or to CAU (n = 1246). Assessments were at 3 weeks (baseline), 9 months (the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and 12 months (the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey, the Maternal Self-Efficacy in the Nurturing Role questionnaire, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire–Social Emotional) postpartum.

RESULTS:

Significantly fewer mothers in the intervention group were depressed at 9 months postpartum compared with the CAU group (0.6% vs 2.5% for major depression). The adjusted odds ratio was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.63; Cohen’s d, 0.70). For minor and major depression, figures were 3.0% vs 8.4%, and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.58; Cohen’s d, 0.51). For parenting, anxiety symptoms, and mental health functioning, the intervention resulted in effect sizes ranging from 0.23 to 0.27. The effect on the child's socioemotional development was negligible.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of screening for postpartum depression in WCC should be seriously considered given its positive effects on maternal mental health. The benefits of optimizing the trajectory after screening on maternal and child outcomes need further attention.
Supporting sustainability and reducing inequality: Is there a conflict between them?
Authors: Stewart Frances
Published: September 2017

This paper explores the relationship between inequality and sustainability both of which are dominant considerations today. Inequality was an important preoccupation of Kaldor, although he was not concerned with sustainability, as this has only recently become an all-important issue. The paper identifies relevant criteria for determining the desirable distribution of incomes from a sustainability perspective, including considerations of justice and of instrumentality. It concludes that justice demands much greater equality of emissions (and incomes) among individuals, given that the total “safe” global emissions of carbon dioxide are limited. Instrumental considerations are not so clear-cut, as evidence suggests that sometimes greater inequality leads to reduced emissions. However, meta considerations, including motivations for pursuing economic growth and conditions likely to realise international agreements on restraining emissions, suggest that more equality within and between countries is needed to promote sustainability.
Káldor versus Varga – The Hungarian three-year economic reconstruction plan of 1947
Authors: Mommen André
Published: September 2017

After a monetary reform in 1946, the Communists helped by Jenő Varga and the Social Democrats advised by Nicholas Kaldor each drafted an economic reconstruction plan introducing central planning. Having already campaigned for economic planning after the war, Káldor was also in favour of a Keynesian income and fiscal policy. Good trade relations with the Soviet Union were in his eyes a precondition for economic recovery and stability. But the non-participation of Hungary in the Marshall Plan weakened the authority of the Social Democrats vis-à-vis the Communists who were now pressing for a Soviet-type planning system and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
Labour productivity growth slowdown: An effect of economic stagnation rather than its cause?
Authors: Podkaminer Leon
Published: September 2017

This paper reports the results of an econometric examination on the links between labour productivity and output growth for 22 countries (for which long-term data are available). It turns out that, generally, labour productivity does not “cause” output. In more cases, the causation seems to be running in the opposite direction: from output to productivity. This finding, though inconsistent with the “mainstream” ideas on the sources of long-term economic growth, is reminiscent of the classical Kaldor-Verdoorn Law. The progressing slowdown in output growth on the global level, initiated around the mid-1970s (when the process of discarding the earlier economic policy paradigms set in), may have been mirrored by the progressing slowdown in productivity growth (and that despite the hardly disputable acceleration of technological progress).
Interinstitutional networks and democratization of services in social intervention with older people in Portugal
Authors: Paoletti Isabella , Gonçalves Alda
Published: September 2017

This article presents an interinstitutional network supporting older people in Portugal and a policy document that institutionalized this type of interinstitutional practices. The data are part of a large corpus collected in the course of interdisciplinary research: “Aging, poverty and social exclusion: an interdisciplinary study on innovative support services.” (https://apseclunl.wordpress.com/). The documentation of good practices in intervention with older people at risk of exclusion were the aim of the research project. The data collected incudes: interviews, observation and recordings of inter-institutional meetings. In the light of the relevant literature, the study discusses the ethnographic account in relation to relevant policy documents (“Rede Social” Interinstitutional Network Program RCM no. 197/97, of 18 November). Describing the main aspects of the intervention strategies with the older population, the article documents the value of these experiences and the approach in policies for the democratization of services and the inclusion of citizens participating in decision making about delivery of services and the promotion of inclusive societies.
Social cognition : development across the life span
Authors: Ansorena Xabier
Published: September 2017

From the moment we enter this world, we are dependent on others. This dependence changes as we grow, creating a harmonic balance between ourselves and others.The goal of this volume is to describe and highlight cutting-edge research and theories that answer the many questions that arise in the field of Social Cognition. This is done in a rigorous and structured way, offering multidisciplinary material that goes beyond academic spheres.
Study of the female entrepreneurship: An empirical evidence in the municipality of León in Nicaragua
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN), Edificio Central, Contiguo a la Iglesia La Merced, León, Nicaragua, Amador-Ruiz Justa Pastora , Briones-Peñalver Antonio Juan ,   Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Plaza Cronista Isidoro Valverde, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
Published: September 2017

Women's entrepreneurship is one of the main challenges in economic growth. In this sense, within the context of creating new companies, it can be considered asone of the main mechanisms that contributes to achieve the desired wellbeing in society. Women's entrepreneurship reduces unemployment, increases innovation, improves competitiveness and favors economic growth significantly.This article aims to analyze the influence of the socioeconomic and psychosocial factors involved in female entrepreneurship. For this purpose, we used a sample of 101 women entrepreneurs in the municipality of León, Nicaragua. We applied Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis, in order to find out the relationship between the considered factors. Some results indicate that all variables considered have a significant influence on the probability of entrepreneurship. The capacity of entrepreneurial women increases when they have skills, knowledge and an early contact in the business world.
浅析市政路桥工程建设中的过渡段桥头差异沉降施工
Authors: 彭 海涛
Published: September 2017

市政路桥工程建设中的过渡段差异沉降容易造成车辆跳车，一旦跳车就会容易导致车辆失控，酿成安全事故。基于此，本文分析了市政路桥工程建设中的过渡段桥头差异沉降原因，对市政路桥工程建设中的过渡段差异沉降施工及其注意事项进行了探讨。
Investigation of Effective Modification Treatments for Thin Titanium Membranes
Authors: Kobatake Reiko , Doi Kazuya , Oki Yoshifumi , Umehara Hanako , Kawano Hiromichi , Kubo Takayasu , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: September 2017

Titanium membranes are used for guided bone regeneration in implant therapy. However, as a bioinert material, titanium does not have the ability to accelerate bone formation. Various titanium surface treatments to confer bioactivity have been demonstrated; however, there are concerns about the influence of chemical treatments on the corrosion of thin titanium membranes. This study investigated the influence of surface modifications on the structure of thin titanium membranes. Titanium membranes of 20 µm thickness were treated with acid or alkali solutions, and we evaluated their surface structure, wettability, corrosion depth, and mechanical strength compared to non-treated membranes. Alkali-treated thin titanium membranes displayed the formation of nanoscale pore structures on their surfaces, enhanced hydrophilicity, and less corrosion depth compared with acid-treated membranes. Furthermore, the tensile strength of alkali-treated membranes was comparable to non-treated membranes. These results suggest that alkali treatment is an appropriate surface modification method for thin titanium membranes.
Status of Growth of Group III-Nitride Heterostructures for Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ding Kai , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis
Published: September 2017

We overview recent progress in growth aspects of group III-nitride heterostructures for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with particular emphasis on the growth approaches for attaining high-quality AlN and high Al-molar fraction AlGaN. The discussion commences with the introduction of the current status of group III-nitride DUV LEDs and the remaining challenges. This segues into discussion of LED designs enabling high device performance followed by the review of advances in the methods for the growth of bulk single crystal AlN intended as a native substrate together with a discussion of its UV transparency. It should be stated, however, that due to the high-cost of bulk AlN substrates at the time of this writing, the growth of DUV LEDs on foreign substrates such as sapphire still dominates the field. On the deposition front, the heteroepitaxial growth approaches incorporate high-temperature metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and pulsed-flow growth, a variant of MOCVD, with the overarching goal of enhancing adatom surface mobility, and thus epitaxial lateral overgrowth which culminates in minimization the effect of lattice- and thermal-mismatches. This is followed by addressing the benefits of pseudomorphic growth of strained high Al-molar fraction AlGaN on AlN. Finally, methods utilized to enhance both p- and n-type conductivity of high Al-molar fraction AlGaN are reviewed.
High Ethanol Contents of Spirit Drinks in Kibera Slums, Kenya: Implications for Public Health
Authors: Okaru Alex O. , Abuga Kennedy O. , Kibwage Isaac O. , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: September 2017

Cheap licit and artisanal illicit spirit drinks have been associated with numerous outbreaks of alcohol poisoning especially with methanol. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of cheap spirit drinks in Kibera slums in Nairobi County, Kenya. The samples consisted of cheap licit spirits (n=11) and the artisanal spirit drink, ‘chang’aa’, (n=28). The parameters of alcoholic strength and volatile composition were used as indicators of quality and were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS respectively. The pH of chang’aa was 3.3-4.2 and 4.4-8.8 for licit spirit drinks while ranges for alcoholic strength were 42.8-85.8 % vol. and 28.3-56.7% vol. for chang’aa and licit spirit drinks respectively. The majority of volatiles were found in artisanal spirits and they included higher alcohols, ethyl esters and carbonyl compounds. The alcoholic strength of all the artisanal spirits (100%) and 91% of the licit spirits was above the 40% vol. of standard spirits such as vodka. The high ethanol content of the alcohol products was the only element of public health significance in this study.
Initiation and Cytological Aspects of Somatic Embryogenesis in Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl.
Authors: Cui Yihui , Zhao Peng , An Hongqiang , Lv Nan , Zhang Zifeng , Pei Wei , Wang Wanjun
Published: September 2017

To find the characteristics of somatic embryogenesis of orchids and elucidate the mechanism, we had previously established an efficient plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis in Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. In this study, a detailed cytological investigation was carried out on the initiation and developmental process of somatic embryogenesis. Based on our observations, the somatic embryogenesis in D. candidum originated from the transition of an embryonic callus cell to the initial somatic embryo cell, and the somatic embryos initiated from those cells. During the transition process, condensation and devacuolation successively occurred in the cytoplasm of the embryonic callus cells, giving rise to the formation of a typical initial somatic embryo cell with dense cytoplasm and a clear nucleus. One of the two pathways in somatic embryogenesis is the single-cell-derived somatic embryo which is generated from an inner initial somatic embryo cell in embryonic callus and develops into a globular somatic embryo in a way similar to zygotic embryogenesis and then keeps developing into a protocorm-like body (PLB). The other is a multiple-cell-derived somatic embryo which is generated from peripheral grouped initial somatic cells in embryonic calli and directly forms globular embryo or multicellular somatic proembryo, lacking the typical early stages of embryogenesis. Both pathways were observed in the somatic embryogenesis system, indicating that the culture system in D. candidum can be a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying orchid embryogenesis.
An Efficient Protocol for the Production of Pure Lines in Flowering Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Yao Yan , Kong Yao , Zhang Ping , Zhang Hua , Huang Hong-di , Li Guang-guang
Published: September 2017

The rapid expansion of Asian populations in the United States presents significant requirements for Asian vegetables. Flowering chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is one of the most popular vegetables in China. The main factors restricting the progress in its breeding and genetic studies is the time required in generating desired pure line populations. Doubled haploid (DH) populations of flowering chinese cabbage have not been established because of technical difficulties. An appropriate combined protocol for a fast generation cycling system could advance up to seven generations, allowing the production of pure line seeds within 336–420 days among four cultivars and one hybrid of flowering chinese cabbage. The previous six generation cycles were accelerated using the embryo culture plus soil method which bypassed seed maturation through in vitro culture of immature embryos and promoted plant reproduction under stressed conditions, then the seventh generation cycle was accomplished until mature seeds were harvested using the soil method. During the culture of immature embryos, 12-day-old embryos could germinate and develop successfully on a Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 10% young coconut juice. This combined protocol bypasses the current obstacles in constructing DH populations of flowering chinese cabbage and is a possible alternative for producing pure lines. Its wider adoption could facilitate the breeding and biological studies of other Brassicaceae vegetables.
Quantifying the Acidic and Basic Effects of Fifteen Floriculture Species Grown in Peat-based Substrate
Authors: Dickson Ryan W. , Fisher Paul R. , Argo William R.
Published: September 2017

Floriculture species differ in their effect on substrate-pH and the resulting substrate micronutrient availability in container production. The objective was to quantify effects of floriculture plant species on substrate-pH. In a growth chamber factorial experiment, 15 floriculture species were grown in 70%:30% by volume peat:perlite substrate and fertilized with nutrient solutions containing 100 mg·L−1 N and NH4+-N:NO3−-N nitrogen ratios of 0:100, 20:80, or 40:60. The relationship between substrate-pH and milliequivalents (meq) of acid or base per unit volume of substrate was quantified by titration with hydrated dolomitic lime or HCl. After 33 days, species and solution type effects on substrate-pH and estimated meq of acid or base produced were evaluated. Final substrate-pH ranged from 4.83 for geranium in 40:60 solution to 6.58 for lisianthus in 0:100 solution, compared with an initial substrate-pH of 5.84. This change in substrate-pH corresponded with a net meq of acid or base produced per gram of tissue dry mass gain (NMEQ) ranging across solutions and species from 1.47 of base for lisianthus in the 0:100 solution to 2.10 of acid for coleus in the 40:60 solution. With the 0:100 solution, geranium produced the greatest NMEQ of acid (0.07), whereas lisianthus produced the greatest NMEQ of base (1.47). Because all N in the 0:100 solution was in the NO3− anion form, meq of both anions and cations taken up by plant roots could be calculated based on tissue analysis. With the 0:100 solution, species that took up more anions than cations into plant tissue tended to have a more basic effect on substrate-pH, as would be expected to maintain electroneutrality. Data were used to estimate the percent NH4+-N of total N in a nutrient solution that would be neutral (results in no substrate-pH change) for each species. This neutral percent NH4+-N of total N ranged from ≈0% (geranium) to 35% (pentas). Species were separated into three clusters using k-means cluster analysis with variables related to NMEQ and anion or cation uptake. Species were clustered into groups that had acidic (geranium and coleus), intermediate (dusty miller, impatiens, marigold, new guinea impatiens, petunia, salvia, snapdragon, and verbena), or basic (lisianthus, pansy, pentas, vinca, and zinnia) effects on substrate-pH. Evaluating the tendency to increase or decrease substrate-pH across a range of floriculture species, and grouping of plants with similar pH effects, could help predict NH4+:NO3− ratios for a neutral pH effect and assist growers in managing substrate-pH for container production.
Different Haplotypes Encode the Same Protein for Independent Sources of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance in Cucumber
Authors: Ramírez-Madera Axel O. , Havey Michael J.
Published: September 2017

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production is negatively affected by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Three sources of ZYMV resistance have been commercially deployed and all three resistances are conditioned by a single recessive gene. A vacuolar protein sorting–associated protein 4-like (VPS4-like) gene has been proposed as a candidate for ZYMV resistance from cucumber line A192-18. We analyzed the genomic region across the VPS4-like gene for three independent sources of ZYMV resistance in cucumber (A192-18, Dina-1, and TMG-1) and identified three haplotypes across the coding region and considerable variation in the introns. However, the haplotypes in the coding regions of the VPS4-like gene of A192-18, Dina-1, and TMG-1 encode the same protein sequence, revealing the genetic uniformity for ZYMV resistance from diverse germplasm sources.