bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘All-at-Onceness’ of Embodied, Faceto- Face Interaction
Authors: Quaeghebeur Liesbet
Published: July 2021

Much has been written on the cognitive architecture behind verbal interaction, yet little is to be found about how language users successfully produce and understand multimodal expressions: i.e., face-to-face talk involving co-expressive and synchronized facial expressions, gesticulation, gaze, posture, and other bodily means of conveying information. I survey existing theories about this matter - mainly coming from gesture studies - and extend McNeill’s (1992, 2005) intrapersonal language-thought-hand nexus to the interpersonal realm: the speech/gesture unit does not transport thought from one mind into another; rather, embodied interactions constitute shared thoughts. Therefore - opposing the sender-receiver, coding-decoding picture - I argue for the ‘all-at-onceness’ of face-to-face interaction.
Enactivism & Social Cognition: In Search of the Whole Story
Authors: Bruin Leon de , Haan Sanneke de
Published: July 2021

Although the enactive approach has been very successful in explaining many basic social interactions in terms of embodied practices, there is still much work to be done when it comes to higher forms of social cognition. In this article, we discuss and evaluate two recent proposals by Shaun Gallagher and Daniel Hutto that try to bridge this ‘cognitive gap’ by appealing to the notion of narrative practice. Although we are enthusiastic about these proposals, we argue that (i) it is difficult to see them as continuous with the enactivist notion of direct coupling, and (ii) the failure to account for folk psychological action interpretation suggests that the enactive approach should adopt a broader notion of coupling.
Intersubjectivity at Close Quarters: How Dancers of Tango Argentino Use Imagery for Interaction and Improvisation
Authors: Kimmel Michael
Published: July 2021

The article explores the prerequisites of embodied ‘conversations’ in the improvisational pair dance tango
argentino. Tango has been characterized as a dialog of two bodies. Using first- and second-person phenomenological methods, I investigate the skills that enable two dancers to move as a super-individual ensemble, to communicate without time lag, and to feel the partner’s intention at every moment. How can two persons - walking in opposite directions and with partly different knowledge - remain in contact throughout, when every moment can be an invention? I analyze these feats through the lens of image schemas such as BALANCE, FORCE, PATH, and UP-DOWN (Johnson 1987). Technique-related discourse - with its use of didactic metaphor - abounds with image-schematic vectors, geometries, and construal operations like profiling. These enable the tango process: from posture, via walking technique and kinetics, to attention and contact skills. Dancers who organize their muscles efficiently - e.g., through core tension - and who respect postural ‘grammar’ - e.g., a good axis - enable embodied dialog by being receptive to their partners and being manoeuvrable. Super-individual imagery that defines ‘good’ states for a couple to stick to, along with relational attention management and kinetic calibration of joint walking, turns the dyad into a single action unit. My further objective is a micro-phenomenological analysis of joint improvisation. This requires a theory to explain dynamic sensing, the combining of repertory knowledge with this, and the managing of both in small increments. Dancers strategically sense action affordances (Gibson 1979) or recognize and exploit them on the fly. Dynamic routines allow them to negotiate workable configurations step-wise, assisted by their knowledge of node points where the elements of tango are most naturally connected and re-routed. The paper closes with general lessons to learn from these highly structured and embodied improvisational skills, especially regarding certain blind spots in current social cognition theory.
New races of rust pathogen on sunflower in Russia
Authors: Araslanova Nina , Antonova Tatiana , Lepeshko Ekaterina , Usatenko Tatiana , Saukova Svetlana , Iwebor Maria , Pitinova Yulya
Published: July 2021

Over the past two decades, there was observed a widespread of rust on sunflower in some regions of Russia. The identification of the racial structure of Puccinia helianthi populations in Russia has not been done since the early 80s of the last century. At that time, races 100 and 300 were identified. In our recent study, in addition to these races, new biotypes: 700, 710, 722, 772 were identified for the first time. The purpose of this study is to determine the racial identity of 160 P. helianthi isolates collected from 2018 to 2020 in the Rostov, Saratov, and Krasnodar regions. We used eight standard differentiating lines of sunflower: SM-90, SM 29, R-386, HАR-1, HАR-2, HAR-3, HAR-4, HAR-5. Sunflower variety VNIIMK 8883 was used as a differentiator susceptible to all races of the pathogen. In addition to the six races mentioned above, we identified 11 more new races for the first time: 304, 351, 352, 364, 704, 736, 740, 741, 745, 760, 762. Race 700 prevailed among the isolates collected in the Rostov region in 2020; we also identified single specimens of races 760, 762. Thus, 17 races of P. helianthi were found on sunflower in three regions of the Russian Federation. Other races may be also present here, so further research is required.
Twist angle dependent absorption feature induced by interlayer rotations in CVD bilayer graphene
Authors: Zhou Wen-Guang , Leng Yu-Chen , Liu Li-Xiang , Yang Ming-Ming , Liu Wei , Liu Jing-Lan , Zhao Pei , Liu Yi , Wang Long-Long , Shang Ya-Xuan , Li Xiao-Li , Zhao Xiao-Hui , Liu Xue-Lu , Xu Yang
Published: July 2021

Bilayer graphene (BLG) grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) tends to exhibit twisted stacking. The twist angle θ
t in twisted BLG (tBLG) provides a new degree of freedom for engineering its electronic and optical properties. In this paper, we investigate the θ
t-dependent optical absorption in tBLG and deeply understand the electronic structure-optical properties correlations. New absorption peaks, whose wavelengths are modified by θ
t, are observed on the feature of optical contrast (OC) in tBLG. Under the corresponding energy excitation, the Raman G mode in tBLG exhibits a significant enhancement. Furthermore, the results of θ
t obtained by OC absorption peak are verified to be consistent with those by the Raman R mode. All these properties are proved to be related to the energy difference between low-energy Van Hove singularities (E
VHS) in the density of states of tBLGs. This work builds a relation between optical absorption and twist angle, providing a viable method to identifying twist angles in tBLGs.
Hrabanus Maurus’ Post-Patristic Renovation of 1 Maccabees 1:1–8
Authors: Djurslev Christian Thrue
Published: July 2021

In this article, I examine Hrabanus Maurus’ exegesis of the opening verses of 1 Maccabees, which preserves a concise account of Alexander the Great’s career. My main goal is to demonstrate how Hrabanus reinterpreted the representation of the Macedonian king from 1 Maccabees. To this end, I employ transformation theory, which enables me to analyze the ways in which Hrabanus updated the meaning of the biblical text. I argue that Hrabanus turned the negative Maccabean narrative of Alexander into a positive representation that was attractive to contemporary readers. I support this argument by focusing on Hrabanus’ recourse to Latin sources, primarily the late antique authors Jerome, Orosius, and Justin, an epitomist of Roman history. I find that Hrabanus challenged Jerome’s interpretations, neutralized much of Orosius’ negative appraisal of Alexander, and amplified the laudatory passages of Justin, which generated a new image of the ancient king. The present article thus contributes to three fields: medieval exegesis of biblical texts, Carolingian reinterpretation of the patristic heritage, and the reception of Alexander the Great.
The Maternal Body as a Space: Examining the Visuality of Marian Pregnancy in Late Medieval Europe
Authors: Andal Aireen Grace
Published: July 2021

This work offers a theoretically informed analysis of the characterization of maternity in religion using a spatial lens. The maternal body as a space is used as an analytical framework to discuss how Mary’s pregnancy is located and spatialized in Christianity. Through examining selected medieval Marian iconography, this work discusses what kind of space Mary’s body represents in the Christian doctrine. Analysis shows three central themes on the characterization of the maternal body as a space: (1) as a transitional space, (2) as a landmark, and (3) as a liminal space. The images of Marian pregnancy show that the maternal body is beyond its biological purpose in the Bible, but serves as a space that enables various interactions and spiritual events. The examination of Mary’s maternal body as a space offers an alternative perspective to discuss Mary’s character as a point of interface for Christian doctrines, biblical periods, and the Scriptures. In many ways, understanding Mary’s maternal body as a space speaks about the complexities and unveiled aspects of maternity’s role in religion. This work hopes to spark further discussions on how the maternal body intersects with spatiality in the context of religion.
Cell assembly formation and structure in a piriform cortex model
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Tu Yuhai , Whittington Miles A.
Published: July 2021

The piriform cortex is rich in recurrent excitatory synaptic connections between pyramidal neurons. We asked how such connections could shape cortical responses to olfactory lateral olfactory tract (LOT) inputs. For this, we constructed a computational network model of anterior piriform cortex with 2000 multicompartment, multiconductance neurons (500 semilunar, 1000 layer 2 and 500 layer 3 pyramids; 200 superficial interneurons of two types; 500 deep interneurons of three types; 500 LOT afferents), incorporating published and unpublished data. With a given distribution of LOT firing patterns, and increasing the strength of recurrent excitation, a small number of firing patterns were observed in pyramidal cell networks: first, sparse firings; then temporally and spatially concentrated epochs of action potentials, wherein each neuron fires one or two spikes; then more synchronized events, associated with bursts of action potentials in some pyramidal neurons. We suggest that one function of anterior piriform cortex is to transform ongoing streams of input spikes into temporally focused spike patterns, called here “cell assemblies”, that are salient for downstream projection areas.
La polarización y echo chambers en el debate de la #LeydeEutanasia en Twitter
Authors: Urcola Eceiza Eider , Elezgarai Ibañez Imanol
Published: July 2021

El diálogo político llevado a los extremos y el posicionamiento de los actores políticos en los márgenes del debate es una de las principales preocupaciones de los ciudadanos en España (CIS, 2020). Lejos de ser un fenómeno exclusivo de la clase política, este distanciamiento tiene su reflejo entre la propia ciudadanía que, impulsada por las características de las redes sociales, ha desarrollado una especial tendencia a escucharse a sí misma, y a evitar conectar con opiniones divergentes (Sunstein, 2003). El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar la polarización en Twitter en torno al debate de la #LeydeEutanasia en España. Para el análisis de este fenómeno se ha utilizado el software NodeXL para la recogida de datos y Gephi para su visualización. Además, se ha recreado una tabla de encuadre emocional (Menseres, Del Campo y Rueda-Zárate, 2018) para poder analizar los tuits de los actores políticos españoles y profundizar en su contenido. De esta manera, la investigación ha demostrado la presencia de dos echo chambers o grupos polarizados en torno al debate, que se ajustan a los bloques ideológicos en el eje izquierda/derecha, y que también se observan en el lenguaje utilizado para exponer su postura, en el que sin embargo no se utiliza de forma mayoritaria un lenguaje ofensivo en las interacciones con el adversario ideológico. Estos datos reafirman los resultados de trabajos previos en este ámbito de estudio.
Building Trust through Social Media in Times of Crisis: Cultural Persuasion, Citizen News, and the Cultural Affordances of Blogs
Authors: Ostertag Stephen
Published: July 2021

Research on trust and news tends to focus on professional news (agents, organizations, institutions), ignores the content of news, and takes place during relatively settled times. This article seeks to remedy these gaps by examining how citizens used blogs to make and share news during a natural disaster and its aftermath. It draws on a case study of blogging in the wake of hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and examines the perspective of blog users to understand how they built trust in each other and in their shared realities of the recovery and rebuilding periods. It draws on cultural sociology to illustrate how civil and anticivil cultural codes, embodied in culturally specific referents, were drawn upon to construct news messages and messengers, and by extension, trust in each other and a grounded ontological understanding of reality. It argues that the cultural affordances of the blog platform were helpful in users’ ability to build both forms of trust. It concludes with implications for emerging crises of climate change, global pandemics and the mass migration these produce.
Respond and Resolve: A Critical Feminist Inquiry for Technologies of Sexual Governance
Authors: Sim Kate
Published: July 2021

From higher education to workplaces, institutions are increasingly adopting data-driven and semiautomated technologies to facilitate, manage, and arbitrate sexual affairs. These largely US-based systems, which I term “technologies of sexual governance,” are encoded with and reify particular ideologies about sexual (mis)conduct, and thus call for a critical feminist inquiry about their cultural, political, and moral implications for advancing a feminist sexual politics. Drawing from Halley et al.’s “governance feminism” framework, this article makes the case that a critical feminist inquiry into technologies of sexual governance must take into account the co-constitutive nature of feminist sexual politics and technology. Specifically, I argue that critical inquiries must begin by interrogating which feminist ideologies about sex and power gain purchase with and through particular computational logics and form. To demonstrate this approach, I offer two ways of reading feminist scholarly and popular responses to “antirape technologies” that capture both readings’ shortcomings, and I propose a third approach that captures the cultural work that particular feminist ideologies and technologies mutually perform. This article concludes by demonstrating how the third approach can advance a feminist analysis of workplace misconduct management softwares.
Effect of different pancreatic stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy on frequency and severity of acute postoperative pancreatitis
Authors: Voskanyan Sergei , Naydenov Evgeny , Uteshev Igor , Artemiev Aleksei
Published: July 2021

Objective: to study the effect of different pancreatic stump closure techniques and diameter of the main pancreatic duct on frequency and severity of acute postoperative pancreatitis after distal pancreatectomy. Material and Methods. Distal pancreatectomy was performed on 126 patients with neoplasms of body and/or tail of the pancreas. Patients were distributed among four groups based upon the pancreatic stump closure technique applied after distal pancreatectomy: group 1 (control) included the patients with isolated suturing of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic stump with its subsequent sealing by the gastrocolic omentum or hemostatic sponge; group 2 patients underwent isolated suturing of the main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic stump with its subsequent sealing with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate biological glue; group 3 patients had their pancreatic stump closure performed with endoscopic linear cutter stapler; group 4 was composed of the patients with external transduodenal transnasal drainage of enlarged (D>3 mm) main pancreatic duct in the pancreatic stump. Results. The occurrence of acute postoperative pancreatitis in the control group amounted to 45.8%, while, in groups 2, 3 and 4, the frequencies were 44.4, 9.7 and 15.0(%), correspondingly. Besides, the control group was characterized by declined occurrence of the moderately severe form of acute postoperative pancreatitis. Use of endoscopic linear cutter stapler and external transduodenal transnasal drainage of the enlarged main pancreatic duct caused lower acute postoperative pancreatitis frequency in the patients with main pancreatic duct in their pancreatic stumps below 5 mm in diameter. Conclusion. Use of proposed pancreatic stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy resulted in lower frequencies of occurrence and severity of acute postoperative pancreatitis.
Ultrasonography screening of carotid arteries in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Shchanitsyn Ivan , Shvarts Elena , Ishmukhametova Regina , Vozdeeva Aina
Published: July 2021

Objective: to identify the most important predictors of carotid artery stenosis in ambulatory patients of Saratov and Saratov Oblast, using multivariate analysis, and to specify an ideal patient for ultrasonographic screening.
Materials and methods. In 2014-2018, field consultations and ultrasonographic examinations were performed for asymptomatic patients with suspected carotid artery disease at outpatient clinics of Saratov and Saratov Oblast. Such patients were referred for screening by neurologists and general practitioners. The study encompassed 470 medical charts. The multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of carotid artery stenosis of 50 per cent or more.
Results. Carotid artery stenosis of ≥30% was detected in 24.5% (i.e., 115 of 470) of study participants; of ≥50% in 10.2% (48 of 470) patients, and of ≥70% stenosis in 2.9% (14/470) of participants. The multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of finding stenosis of ≥50% in patients, selected by neurologists and general practitioners for ultrasonographic screening, were significantly higher in the presence of the following factors: age exceeding 72, male gender, acute cerebrovascular event in anamnesis > 6 months ago, atherosclerosis of leg arteries, and episodes of speech impairment. We developed the point scale for risk assessment. A point scale for risk assessment has been created. In the absence of prognostic factors, the absolute risk of detecting stenosis ≥50% was just 3%, with 1 point it was 16%, and with 4 points it amounted to >50%.
Conclusion. Our analysis enabled us to specify the most significant predictors of carotid artery stenosis in patients observed at outpatient clinics of Saratov and Saratov Oblast, and to obtain a patient model helping to optimize optimize selection for ultrasonographic examination.
Orphan nuclear receptors in angiogenesis and follicular development
Authors: Guzmán Adrian , Hughes Camilla H K , Murphy Bruce D
Published: July 2021

Orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs) are a subset of the nuclear receptor family that lacks known endogenous ligands. Among 48 nuclear receptors identified in humans, 25 are classified as ONRs. They function as transcription factors and control the expression of a wide range of genes to regulate metabolism, fertility, immunity, angiogenesis, and many other functions. Angiogenic factors are essential during ovarian follicle development, including follicle growth and ovulation. The correct development of blood vessels contributes to preantral and antral follicular development, selection of the dominant follicle or follicles, follicular atresia, and ovulation. Although progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate follicular angiogenesis, the role of ONRs as regulators is not clear. Based on their functions in other tissues, the ONRs NR1D1 (REV-ERBβ), NR2C2 (TR4), NR2F2 (COUP-TF-II) and NR3B1, 2, and 3 (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ) may modulate angiogenesis during antral follicle development. We hypothesize that this is achieved by effects on the expression and function of VEGFA, ANGPT1, THBS1, and soluble VEGFR1. Further, angiogenesis during ovulation is expected to be influenced by ONRs. NR5A2 (LRH-1), which is required for ovulation, regulates angiogenic genes in the ovary, including VEGFA and the upstream regulator of angiogenesis, PGE2. These angiogenic molecules may also be regulated by NR5A1 (SF-1). Evidence from outside the reproductive tract suggests that NR2F2 and NR4A1(NUR77) promote VEGFC and PGF, respectively, and NR4As (NUR77, NOR1) seem to be necessary for the angiogenic effects of VEGFA and PGE2. Together, the data suggest that ONRs are important regulators of follicular angiogenesis.
Pinus halepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis grown in Egypt: A comparison between stem and branch properties for pulp and paper making
Authors: Hassan Khaled T. S. , Kandeel El-Sayed A. E. , Kherallah Ibrahim E. A. , Abou-Gazia Hosny A. , Hassan Fatma M. M.
Published: July 2021

The utilization of branchwood as lignocellulosic raw material source for paper production may have the potential of solving the problem of the availability of raw material in the pulp and paper industry. This study therefore compared the chemical composition and fiber morphological indices (according to Franklin’s method) of stemwood and branchwood in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Pinus halepensis trees grown in Egypt. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of species, wood type (stem and branchwood), and their interaction on the measured chemical constituents and fiber morphological indices at 0.05 significance level. In both genera, the stemwood exhibited a higher percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose and was lower in lignin, total extractives, and ash than those measured in branchwood. Also in both genera, the stemwood was higher in fiber length, Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient, Muhlsteph ratio, and Luce’s shape factor, and lower in basic density and flexibility coefficient than those in branchwood. Based on the chemical analysis and the fiber morphological indices, the stemwood and branchwood of both species were suitable for paper production with various qualities. Moreover, good correlations were found in both stem and branchwood between the basic density and the fiber wall thickness and fiber lumen diameter. ln contrast, there was an independent association between the stemwood basic density and the fiber length, and this relationship in branchwood was positive for both genera.
Mechanical and formaldehyde-related properties of medium density fiberboard with zeolite additive
Authors: Camlibel Osman
Published: July 2021

Zeolite was investigated as a potential component in the production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). A mixture of beech (40%), oak (30%), and pine (30%) wood chips was used for fiber production. Chips were cooked for 4 min in an Asplund defibrator with a vapor pressure of 8 bar, and a temperature of 180 °C. Chemicals were added on fibers in the blow line. The resins were added at 11 wt% based on oven-dried wood fibers. Ammonium sulphate was added at 0.72 wt% based on resins. Paraffin wax was added as 1.8 wt% based on resin. Zeolite was prepared in a separate tank for its use instead of lignocellulosic fibers in the production of 1 m³ MDF. The fibers were dried to 12% moisture. A temperature of approximately 190 °C and a pressure of approximately 32 kg.m-² were applied to the mixture for 280 s to make MDF panels (500 x 490 x 14 mm). Mechanical properties of MDF boards were significantly increased for bending (MOE) and elastic modulus (MOR), but a little negatively affected on internal bond (IB), physical properties were negatively increased thickness swelling (ThS) and water absorption (WA). Consequently, increasing zeolite minerals in MDF boards showed best results of formaldehyde emission properties of MDF.
Naujų prostatos specifinio antigeno izoformų reikšmė ankstyvajai prostatos vėžio diagnostikai
Authors:   , Barisienė Marija
Published: July 2021

Significance of new prostate-specific antigen isoforms for early diagnosis of prostate cancer
ROLE OF ENGLISH AFFIXOIDS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN AND FRENCH
Authors: Samoilenko Olena
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground. The article is devoted to the influence of borrowed affixoids on the wordbuildingsubsystems of the target languages.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of borrowingsfrom English on the word-building subsystem of the target languages and namely to define the roleof affixoids in productive ways of modern word-building. The aim preconditions the performing ofthe following tasks: analysis of the nature of affixoids; revealing peculiarities of borrowed affixoidsfunctioning in target languages.

Methods. In the article the following methods are used: 1) for detecting the volume andmeaning of the term affixoid the method of the review of the existing literature has been used; 2) forrevealing the constituent parts of the lexical units the method of distributive has been used; 3) fordescribing the peculiarities of quasi-composites and existing word-patterns the methods ofonomasiological and formal analysis have been used.

Results. If one analyses the appearance of the affixoid. -gate, it is necessary to take intoconsideration, that it is formed due to the so-called “intercalated” or “telescopic” formation ofnew words, when one word is “inserted” into another, as a result of which an unusual, occasionalformation appears. In modern Ukrainian and Russian we can reveal the development of newmeaning which is absolutely different from the primary meaning. Some people are even sure that -gate is the synonym of the word scandal.

Borrowing word-forming models is another character feature of language that causes theappearance of quasi-composites. In French, for example, it is possible to observe the interestingphenomenon of borrowing not structural parts, but word-building samples. The presence of “falseEnglishisms” in the French language proves once again that very often not only separate words areborrowed, but also word-forming material.

Discussion. Processes of borrowing influence the target languages in many different ways.The most common of them is direct borrowing, assimilation of concrete lexical units. But recentlythe facts of influence of the source language have become more and more common, so processes ofborrowing have an impact not only on the lexical subsystem of the target language, but also on theword-building level by assimilating productive affixes and affixoids, as well as common wordbuildingpatterns and models. The field of affixoids still requires new linguistic research, especiallyin connection with the processes of borrowing and the tendency of the modern languages tosimplification. It is very important to observe new ways of enriching vocabulary where assimilationof foreign affixoids is becoming more and more productive. The independent functioning ofaffixoids in target languages is also worth describing and analyzing.
SYNTHESIS AND USAGE OF NEURAL NETWORK MODELS WITH PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURE CODING
Authors: Leoshchenko S. D. , Oliinyk A. O. , Subbotin S. A. , Gofman Ye. O. , Ilyashenko M. B.
Published: July 2021

Context. The problem of encoding information of models based on artificial neural networks for further transmission and use of such models is considered. The object of research is the process of coding artificial neural networks using probabilistic data structures.
Objective of this work is to develop a method for coding neural networks to reduce the resource intensity of the process of neuroevolutionary model synthesis.
Method. A method for encoding neural networks based on probabilistic data structures is proposed. At the beginning, the method uses the basic principles of the approach of direct encoding of network information and, based on sequencing, encodes a matrix of interneuronal connections in the form of biopolymers. Then, probabilistic data structures are used to represent the original matrix more compactly. For this purpose, hash functions are used, the initial matrix goes through the hashing process, which significantly reduces the requirements for memory resources. The method allows to reduce memory costs when sending artificial neural networks, which significantly expands the practical use of such models, preventing a sharp decrease in the accuracy of their operation.
Results. The developed method is implemented and investigated in solving the problem of classification of the state of South German creditors. The use of the developed method allowed increasing the rate of neuromodel synthesis by 15–17.6%, depending on the computing resources used. The method also reduced the share of information transfers by 8%, which also indicates faster and more efficient use of resources.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the efficiency of the proposed mathematical software and allow us to recommend it for use in practice, when encoding models based on artificial neural networks, for further solving problems of diagnostics, forecasting, evaluation and pattern recognition. Prospects for further research may consist in pre-processing data for more strict control of the encoding process in order to minimize the loss of quality of models based on neural networks.
City Place Names and their Modification in Child Speech
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Kruglyakova Tatiana A.
Published: July 2021

The anthropocentric focus of contemporary linguistic research highlights the specificity of individual linguistic worldview which includes a personal sense of toponymy. The studies discussing the ways that toponymic concepts are apprehended, memorized, and retrieved from memory are usually based on experimental data. But looking at irregular changes that toponyms may receive in individual speech is no less informative. Children’s speech proves the most valuable source for this, since it is less bound to the language norms of everyday communication, which makes the modifications more distinct. The author uses a collection (more than 170 items) of St.-Petersburg toponym modifications from children of 3–11 years old, drawing some conclusions about the peculiarities of their auditory perception (the role of individual frequency, phonemic and supra-phonemic word features in building semantic awareness, the specificity of phoneme patterns recognition by children and the processes of etymologizing and rethinking the internal form of the word), memorizing and storing information (the study of the child’s vocabulary connections and semantization of words including proper and common nouns; making up words and grammatical forms in the course of their multiple reproduction). Analysis of this real-life data brings clarity over some structural and functional aspects of individual linguistic systems and their speech manifestations. The information obtained can be used for creating child’s speech, memory, and attention training programs, as well as for studies in local history.
Types of Spelling Mistakes in Personal Documents of Russian Citizens and Migrants Applying for Russian Citizenship
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Dmitrieva Tatiana N.
Published: July 2021

The paper analyses mistakes and inconsistencies that tend to occur in the spelling of surnames, first names, and patronymics in personal documents of Russian citizens when they register for pensions and other welfare payments, as well as in the documents of migrants applying for Russian citizenship. The material for the study was retrieved from in-person enquiries received at the Department of Russian Language, General Linguistics and Speech Communication of the Ural Federal University during 2005–2021. The certificates issued by the author in response to those requests served to confirm the identity of the names of applicants and their relatives in birth certificates, passports, employment records, marriage certificates, etc. The material includes the documents drawn up on the territory of the USSR and former Soviet republics, and some in the far abroad. The paper identifies the types of mistakes and variations in the spelling of names, patronymics, and surnames in these documents and looks for the reasons to such variation. The study showed that along with spelling mistakes which are generally few (dropping / replacing a letter, adding an extra letter, word formation errors), there are much more frequent cases of variation of names, patronymics and surnames due to linguistic and sociolinguistic reasons: 1) the use of orthographic name variants, 2) the use of the literary and colloquial version of the name, 3) replacing a little-known name with a more popular one with similar pronunciation, 4) the existence of word-formation and phonetic variants including multilingual equivalents of the personal name, 5) new variants appearing in the course of rendering the name into Russian and transliteration of specific vowels and consonants of other languages, 6) changes in the graphics and spelling in the languages of the former Soviet republics and a tendency to correct the Russified forms of names, patronymics, and surnames initially recorded in Soviet times to match the updated norms.
Official and Unofficial Toponyms on Norfolk Island
Authors:   University of New England, Nash Joshua ,   University of South Australia
Published: July 2021

Norfolk Island (South Pacific), a small external territory of Australia, has a placenaming record marked by distinct historical, settlement, and land use periods. This brief communication considers the complex nexus of official–unofficial, embedded–unembedded, and English–Norfolk Island language toponyms as a way to make better sense of the localization of toponymic knowledge and to appreciate better how such knowledge functions within a minute society intricately connected to its own largely known past and an ever changing toponymic present. The data were collected during interview fieldwork on Norfolk Island during the period 2007–2009. It concludes by putting forward a four-category division of Norfolk Island toponyms: 1) official names adhering to common colonial forms; 2) official and unofficial descriptive names; 3) unofficial names commemorating local people; 4) unofficial and esoteric names remembering local events and people. These categories appear distinct, but they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The differentiation of processes of toponyms becoming embedded and the localization of toponymic knowledge are a possible explanation for the loss of toponymic knowledge among younger people on Norfolk Island and suggests a general ecological disconnect across time involving people, history, and events associated with Norfolk Island toponyms. The Norfolk Island official–unofficial toponym distinction is applicable to other toponymic case studies, especially situations with competing placenaming histories.
Impact of headache on a supplemental healthcare emergency unit and on use of opioids
Authors: Silva Aline Vitali da , Kiy Letícia Mayumi Carvalho , Alves Caroline de Almeida , Kirylko Gabriela Cristina , Bello Valéria Aparecia , Poli-Frederico Regina Célia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Headache is one of the most common causes of emergency care and migraines are the most common primary headache in this regard. Objective: The aim of this research study was to assess the incidence of medical consultations due to headache, along with demographic characteristics and treatments pertaining to cephalalgia that were offered to patients cared for in supplemental healthcare emergency rooms. Methods: In 2017, a total of 11,105 consultations took place, and 4,865 (43.8%) of them were complaints relating to headache. 407 records of patients with headache were randomly selected and assessed. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected using a structured form. Results: The cause of headache was diagnosed as migraine in 60.0% of the patient records. Patients were mostly female (75.2%), with an average age of 33.9 ± 13.7 years. Patient management consisted of administering dipyrone in 62.4% of cases, antiemetics in 66.9%, corticosteroids in 58.9%, opioids in 24.3% and NSAIDs in 13.5%. Use of opioids was associated with a diagnosis of migraine (OR 2.4; CI 1.4-3.9; p = 0.001). Patients who received opioids were kept under observation for longer periods of time (OR 3.4; CI 2.1-5.4; p < 0.001) and exhibited a higher rate of use of antiemetics (OR 11.0; CI 4.7-25.9; p < 0.001), compared with patients who did not receive opioids. Conclusion: Dipyrone and antiemetics were administered to most of the patients. Opioids were used for a significant proportion of these individuals, despite the diagnosis of migraine, a condition for which their use is discouraged.
Correlation between quality of life, depression, satisfaction and functionality of older people with HIV
Authors: Araújo Kydja Milene Souza Torres de , Silva Suelane Renata de Andrade , Freire Daniela de Aquino , Leal Márcia Carréra Campos , Marques Ana Paula de Oliveira , Baptista Rosilene Santos , Silva Antônia Leda Oliveira
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the correlation between the quality of life, depression, life satisfaction, and functional capacity in elderly people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods: A cross-sectional study developed in reference hospitals for treatment and follow-up of people with HIV. 241 elderly people participated by applying a questionnaire containing sociodemographic variables, the HIV/AIDS target quality of Life, the Barthel Index, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the abbreviated version with 15 items of the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The analyses showed an inverse correlation between the dimensions of the HAT-Qol with depression, a positive correlation in the domain satisfaction with life, and statistically significant, but weak, with functionality. Conclusion: Depression impairs quality of life in all dimensions, while life satisfaction influences this aspect more positively than functional capacity. Descriptors: Quality of Life; Depression; Personal Satisfaction; Aged; HIV.
Flutuações no nível de atividade e os ciclos de preços de commodities: evidências para o Brasil
Authors: CUNHA ANDRÉ MOREIRA , LÉLIS MARCOS TADEU CAPUTI , LINCK PRISCILA
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O presente trabalho investiga os impactos macroeconômicos dos preços das commodities na economia brasileira ao longo dos anos 2000. As metodologias econométricas empregadas permitiram identificar três ciclos de alta e três de baixa naqueles preços, todos eles apresentando os efeitos esperados de estimular o nível de atividades nos momentos em que os choques externos de preços são favoráveis; e o inverso, quando os choques de preços foram negativos. Os exercícios de decomposição permitiram isolar os efeitos dos choques de commodities dos demais determinantes potenciais do nível de atividades. Com isso, foi possível verificar que no ciclo de alta mais recente, que se inaugura em 2016, a recuperação nos preços das commodities não foi capaz de compensar os outros fatores domésticos (ou externos) que por ora bloqueiam uma retomada mais robusta da economia.
A PEC 32 da Reforma Administrativa: Uma análise crítica
Authors: OREIRO JOSÉ LUIS , FERREIRA-FILHO HELDER LARA
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise crítica da proposta de reforma administrativa apresentada pela PEC 32/2020. Como iremos argumentar, a proposta não resolve nenhuma das distorções que se dispõe a eliminar, enfraquece o poder de intervenção do Estado Brasileiro sobre o sistema econômico, diminui a autonomia dos servidores públicos e desestimula a contratação de funcionários públicos qualificados e motivados, tendo como provável consequência a redução da oferta e da qualidade dos serviços públicos. Dessa forma, o resultado da reforma administrativa é o enfraquecimento do Estado do Bem-Estar Social no Brasil.
Salicylic acid relieves the effect of saline stress on soursop morphysiology
Authors: Silva André Alisson Rodrigues da , Lima Geovani Soares de , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Gheyi Hans Raj , Souza Allesson Ramos de , Fernandes Pedro Dantas
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The cultivation of soursop has increased in recent years due to the advance of agribusiness and due to its use by the pharmaceutical industry. As a source of vitamin C, calcium, carbohydrates and antioxidant substances, soursop helps to protect the human body against oxidative stress, acting in the prevention of a series of chronic degenerative disorders. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays with salicylic acid to mitigate the effects of salt stress on the morphophysiology of soursop. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design and a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8-control; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Foliar application of SA at concentrations between 1.2 and 1.6 mM mitigated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of soursop at 480 days after transplanting. Spraying with SA at concentrations between 1.3 and 1.6 mM induced acclimatization to salt stress in soursop plants, since the percentage of intercellular electrolyte leakage was reduced and the growth was favored by the application of SA, even when exposed to salinity. Irrigation with ECw above 0.8 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content in the leaves of soursop cv. Morada Nova.
Diferença e diversidade sexual na psicanálise, nos costumes e no direito
Authors: Santos Tania Coelho dos , Santos Catarina Coelho dos , Oliveira Flavia Lana Garcia de
Published: July 2021

O tema evoca um conflito de paradigmas entre os fundamentos da civiliação judaico-cristã, a evolução dos costumes na pós-modernidade, a psicanálise como uma prática relativa à regulação do gozo no campo da psicopatologia e o discurso do Direito que regula a distribuição do gozo no laço social. A psicanálise nasce sob o paradigma da modernidade. Freud desvela a origem perversa e polimorfa da sexualidade, que é posteriormente submetida à lei por meio da função do Nome-do-Pai. Muitos filósofos pós-modernos rejeitam o primado da diferença anatômica entre os sexos, da fantasia infantil da castração e da ficção que atribui ao pai o protagonismo na interdição do incesto. Vamos contrastar os conceitos de diferença, diversidade e autodefinição sexual.
Plant galls recorded from Guanacaste Conservation Area-Costa Rica as an integrated concept of a biological database
Authors: Gätjens-Boniche Omar , Sánchez-Valverde Marylin , Trejos-Araya Carla , Espinoza-Obando Roberto , Pinto-Tomás Adrián A. , Hanson Paul E.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Galling insects are specialist herbivorous that have the ability of manipulating plant tissue to form complex biological structures called galls. Even though different organisms have the ability to induce galls in plants, insect galls have the highest degree of structural complexity. The main goal of this study was to obtain a preliminary systematic record of plant gall morphotypes from the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica and integrate the information into a biological database. Plant gall morphotypes were recorded, characterized and deposited into a specialized herbarium established as a reference for the inventory. Moreover, organisms associated with gall morphotypes were included in the inventory when it was possible to obtain and identify them. Galls were collected in the rainy season over a period of three years. In total, we recorded forty-four families, seventy genera, and eighty-seven host plant species. One hundred thirty-one morphotypes of plant galls were identified in the Guanacaste Conservation Area. The family with the highest number of gall morphotypes was Fabaceae (8.4%). Leaves were the organ with the largest number of galls (71%), followed by stems (17.6%), and apical buds (6.9%). The predominant gall shape was globular (25.2%), followed by discoid (18.3%). Fifty-nine percent of the galls had a glabrous texture, which was most common on leaves, with 77%. One hundred twenty of our field records (91.6%) of plant galls were new morphotypes not only for Costa Rica but also the world. As a consequence of this research and considering the prospect of future increases in new gall records (and associated organisms), we proposed having the biological entities resulting from the inventory placed in a cecidiarium. This repository represents a standardized and comprehensive way to manage the data and biological materials associated with the plant galls. We also suggest a nomenclature for standardizing gall morphotype registries and identifications. This work is the first and most detailed inventory of plant galls carried out thus far in the Guanacaste Conservation Area.
Development and content validation of an instrument for evaluating competencies in Pediatric Surgery Residency
Authors: Almeida Giovana Camargo de , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Coelho Izabel Cristina Meister
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Introduction: a specific instrument is needed to monitor the development of competencies in pediatric surgery during the residency. Objective: to develop an instrument in conformity with the “Milestone Project”, using the competencies determined by the Brazilian Association of Pediatric Surgery, for use in the Pediatric Surgery Residency in Brazil. Method: the research was developed in three stages: the development of the initial instrument, qualification with a focal group of experts, and instrument evaluation by Brazilian pediatric surgeons in order to validate and quantify the instrument’s acceptance. Result: The initial instrument was created with 4 competencies and 13 sub-competencies, each with 5 levels of assessment. Four experts performed the initial qualification, which resulted in 44 adaptations, and the instrument was finalized with 4 competencies subdivided into 10 sub-competencies, each with 5 levels of assessment. Subsequently, the instrument was evaluated by the Brazilian Pediatric Surgery Group and the Brazilian Pediatric Urology Group. There were 40 expert responses, with a total of 2394 positive responses from the 50 assessment items. The instrument had a general acceptance of 91.2%, being considered applicable (96.7%), reproducible (93.3), relevant to the covered topics (96%), technically (93.6%) and theoretically appropriate (93.3%), reliable (85.5%), and dependable (79.8%). Conclusion: an instrument was developed to assist in the assessment of competencies developed during residency in pediatric surgery in conformity with the Milestone Project. This instrument has been validated by experts and considered applicable, reproducible, relevant, technically and theoretically adequate, reliable and dependable.