bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En busca del espacio perdido. La crisis y el espacio urbano en La habitación oscura de Isaac Rosa y Animales domésticos de Marta Sanz
Authors: León Vegas Carolina
Published: December 2019

Las novelas escritas en torno a la crisis financiera de los últimos años en España tienen en común la representación de un espacio urbano que aparece como mucho más que un telón de fondo. En este artículo queremos acercarnos a dos novelas, La habitación oscura de Isaac Rosa y Animales domésticos de Marta Sanz, que retratan la crisis y la precrisis respectivamente, desde la perspectiva del espacio urbano. La desintegración social y económica tiene un reflejo en el espacio de la ciudad, o podría decirse al revés, el espacio de la ciudad sirve de espejo para la descomposición que se teje en las novelas. En relación a esto destacamos y profundizamos en tres fenómenos: la representación de la ciudad como una arcadia traicionada, el desmoronamiento de ciertos espacios con la exclusión que esto conlleva, y finalmente, la esfera subterránea de la ciudad y su relación con la muerte.
«El espejo y el agua», de J. E. Hartzenbusch: una lectura didáctica sobre el género de la fábula
Authors: García-Manso Angélica
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo propone un análisis de la Fábula 18 de Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch, la cual, más allá de la moraleja didáctica sobre las formas de corregir a los jóvenes, muestra un debate de carácter literario relativo a diferentes géneros y formas que se evocan: la disputatio, el género del manual-espejo y la propia fábula. El espejo y el agua se convierten, pues, en metáforas del género del manual y del de la fábula, respectivamente. De ahí procede su doble trascendencia didáctica, en lo relativo a la moraleja y, sobre todo, a la reflexión literaria sobre el sentido del género fabulístico.
Juventudes urbanígenas y sus formas contemporáneas de hacer comunidad
Authors: Estrada Alejandro Vázquez
Published: December 2019

El presente texto tiene como objetivo analizar desde distintas trayectorias étnicas, las formas culturales como los jóvenes indígenas crean pertenencia a la comunidad, dentro y desde la ciudad. Este análisis se realiza a partir de diversos acercamientos etnográficos con jóvenes de distintos grupos étnicos en México, para concluir con una propuesta analítica que posicione a los indígenas urbanos como sujetos que coevolucionan entre y desde las urbes.
Desplazamientos teóricos y metodológicos en el conocimiento de lo juvenil en lo étnico contemporáneo en México
Authors: Pozo Maritza Urteaga Castro
Published: December 2019

El artículo examina las estrategias etnográficas que he implementado a lo largo de mi experiencia investigativa con jóvenes indígenas en la Ciudad de México. Los hallazgos del trabajo de campo ofrecen una representación de los paisajes étnicos de estos sujetos emergentes y de cómo articulan su condición juvenil, étnica y migrante. La observación de sus interacciones en tres escenarios socioculturales hizo evidente sus desplazamientos contemporáneos y la disolución de fronteras que enmarcaron a las investigaciones anteriores sobre población indígena. A la luz de estos descubrimientos, reflexiono sobre los desafíos epistémicos que nos exige la adopción de metodologías horizontales que prioricen las prácticas simbólicas a través de las cuales la sociedad es experimentada por la gente joven.
A dor do parto: emoção, corpo e maternidade no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rezende Claudia Barcellos
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, examino como a dor enquanto evento põe em relevo, em narrativas de parto, a articulação entre corporalidade, emoção e contexto social, com destaque para os atores, saberes e valores em torno da medicalização e da maternidade. Comparo o modo como mulheres brancas de camadas médias do Rio de Janeiro de dois grupos etários, com idades entre 60 e 70 anos e 37-47 anos e formação universitária, falam da dor do parto. Apresento como as narrativas constroem o parto de forma distinta para os dois grupos etários – pouco preparado para as mais velhas, muito planejado para as mais jovens, refletindo assim sobre o lugar da agência em cada grupo e sua articulação com a maternidade. Parto de uma preocupação da emoção em discurso, cujos sentidos variam contextualmente, levando em conta que é um afeto vivido no corpo.. As emoções integram a subjetividade enquanto modos culturalmente formados de pensar e sentir, formando a agência baseada em desejos e intenções específicos. Argumento, assim, que a dor nas narrativas remete a uma percepção de si e de sua agência atravessada pelo gênero, em um contexto de medicalização do parto.
Carlos Vives redefinindo o “local” Colômbia através de um vallenato world music
Authors: Vanzella Laís Galo , Barbosa Francirosy Campos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o que é a categoria world music e como ela se perfilou especificamente na Colômbia através do gênero musical “local” vallenato e dos novos estilos de fusões musicais colombianas que surgiram nos anos 2000. Na Colômbia, o vallenato world music da década de 1990 ajudou a redefinir uma imagem midiática mais favorável do país pelo mundo. Na atualidade, a fórmula da hibridação de músicas folclóricas com sons mainstream ainda é tendência no mercado musical colombiano. Para os países classificados como primeiro mundo, tais ritmos latinos são atraentes somente quando vistos por meio da máscara do exótico, do estereótipo. Assim, esse é um recurso que os próprios músicos acabam utilizando para poderem vender seu produto globalmente.
Le nouveau visage de la décision préalable en contentieux administratif français
Authors: Fandjip Olivier
Published: December 2019

Le nouveau régime juridique relatif à la règle de la décision préalable en contentieux administratif français, comparativement à celui en vigueur avant le décret du 2 novembre 2016 portant réforme du Code de justice administrative, est marqué par deux restrictions à savoir, l’exclusion de la dispense de cette règle en matière de travaux publics, d’une part, et, d’autre part, l’obligation, contrairement à la pratique jurisprudentielle jusque-là en vigueur, de justifier d’une décision préalable lorsque l’action tend au paiement d’une somme d’argent. En dehors de ces deux constrictions, cette formalité reste assortie des limites tant du point de vue de son domaine d’application que de la sanction relative à son inobservation. De ce point de vue, la réforme du 2 novembre 2016 n’a pas fondamentalement remis en cause la souplesse qui caractérise les conditions d’accès au juge selon la tradition de la justice administrative française.
L’évaluation de l’autonomie des collectivités territoriales dans les systèmes juridiques d’inspiration française
Authors: Zerari Fathi
Published: December 2019

Depuis les années 1990, beaucoup de pays africains et arabes ont vu dans l’autonomie locale une composante nécessaire pour leur stabilité politique et leur développement durable. Cependant, cette autonomie se décline, généralement, en autonomie administrative et/ou financière, sans portée politique. Le but de cette recherche est de jeter davantage de lumière sur les limites et les éléments de l’autonomie des collectivités territoriales, en s’inspirant du modèle français, afin de suggérer des repères d’évaluation de cette autonomie dans les systèmes juridiques d’inspiration française. Ceci permet de situer la position de l’autonomie locale dans les pays ciblés, par rapport à leur modèle d’inspiration, et d’opérer les ajustements propices pour les rehausser au niveau de ce modèle, compte tenu des impératifs nationaux et des particularités culturelles, sociales, politiques, économiques et administratives de chaque société.
La souveraineté et la norme fondamentale
Authors: Barraud Boris
Published: December 2019

Cette étude propose d’opérer une analogie entre la souveraineté et la norme fondamentale. Ainsi, si ces deux concepts ont jusqu’à présent emprunté des chemins différents, l’un au sein de la science politique, l’autre au sein de la théorie du droit d’Hans Kelsen, peut-être traduisent-ils en termes différents une seule et même idée. Ensuite, parce que la notion de souveraineté est relativement polysémique tandis que le sens de la norme fondamentale est précisément fixé, c’est la souveraineté qui est appelée à rejoindre la norme fondamentale, en pénétrant dans le domaine du droit. La souveraineté sera donc définie, en ces pages, en tant que norme fondamentale de l’ordre juridique. En termes juridiques, elle désignerait le « droit au droit » de l’État, expliquant pourquoi seules les normes valides au sein de la « pyramide » étatique seraient juridiques.
La psicología cubana y la salud de los trabajadores : entre el malestar y el bienestar
Authors: Hernández Jorge Juan Román
Published: December 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo comunicar el origen y la evolución de la aplicación de la ciencia psicológica al campo multidisciplinario de la salud ocupacional en Cuba. Se tienen en cuenta diversos factores en este proceso : el contexto social y socio-laboral, con una exposición relativamente extensa dada la singularidad del sistema social cubano. La trayectoria de la salud ocupacional en el país y su situación actual crítica. Las aportaciones de la práctica profesional de los psicólogos de la salud en los escenarios laborales que dieron origen a la psicología de la salud ocupacional como una línea de trabajo en la investigación, la docencia y la práctica profesional. Se enfatiza la necesidad de desarrollar trabajos teóricos y metodológicos en esa área desde un punto de vista psicodinámico, que tenga en cuenta la subjetividad, para la que se propone el enfoque histórico cultural de L. S. Vygotsky.
Pembrolizumab Interferes with the Differentiation of Human FOXP3+–Induced T Regulatory Cells, but Not with FOXP3 Stability, through Activation of mTOR
Authors: Sasidharan Nair Varun , Toor Salman M. , Taouk Ghina , Pfister Gerald , Ouararhni Khalid , Alajez Nehad M. , Elkord Eyad
Published: December 2019

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is critical for T regulatory cells (Tregs) to maintain peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. In the tumor microenvironment, interaction between PD-1 and its ligands supports tumor immune evasion. Pembrolizumab blocks interactions of PD-1 with its ligands, enhancing antitumor and clinical responses. We and others have reported that pembrolizumab does not affect function or phenotype of thymic-derived Tregs; however, little is known about its effect on extrathymic differentiation of peripheral Tregs. In this study, we investigated the effect of pembrolizumab on in vitro–induced Tregs (iTregs). Our work showed that PD-1 blockade interferes with iTreg differentiation and has no potential effect on the stability of FOXP3 after differentiation. Additionally, we found that both nontreated and pembrolizumab-treated iTregs were suppressive. However, pembrolizumab-treated iTregs were relatively less suppressive in higher Treg ratios and failed to produce IL-10 compared with their nontreated counterparts. Different methods including transcriptomic analyses confirmed that the downregulation of FOXP3 was mediated by activating mTOR and STAT1 and inhibiting MAPK pathways, shifting the iTreg polarization in favor of Th1 and Th17 subsets. To confirm the role of mTOR activation, we found that rapamycin diminished the effect of pembrolizumab-mediated downregulation of FOXP3. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that pembrolizumab-treated iTregs showed upregulation of genes promoting DNA repair and immune cell trafficking, in addition to downregulation of genes supporting cellular assembly and organization. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that pembrolizumab interferes with differentiation of human FOXP3+ iTregs and to disclose some of the molecular pathways involved.
Helicopter Rotor Boundary Layer Transition Measurement in Forward Flight Using an Infrared Camera
Authors: Gardner A. D. , Wolf C. C. , Heineck J. T. , Barnett M. , Raffel M.
Published: December 2019

Boundary layer transition measurement was demonstrated using differential infrared thermography (DIT) on the top side of a helicopter rotor in forward flight, which detects the difference in the convective heat transfer at the boundary layer transition position. The tests used a FLIR
X8500xc SLS long wave infrared camera to observe the DLR EC135 test helicopter rotor. The boundary layer transition was detected for hover out of ground effect (150 ft) and for forward flight at 80 kt (1700 ft). The measured boundary layer transition positions are consistent with previous
measurements of the EC135 hovering in ground effect, and with predicted boundary layer transition positions. A method for the analysis of DIT images for a rotor in forward flight is shown, based on computational analysis of a pitching airfoil with varying inflow.
Response and Relapses in Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated with Chemotherapy Alone
Authors: Gupta Vineeta , Singh Tej Bali , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar
Published: December 2019

Aims: The aims of this study were to analyze the sociodemographic profile, disease characteristics, event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and risk factors for relapse in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) treated with only chemotherapy as per unit protocol. Subject and Methods: Case records of children with HL diagnosed and treated at our center between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 90 patients with mean age of 8.13 ± 2.65 years (median age 8 years; range 4.5–15 years) were diagnosed and treated for HL during the study period. Male-to-female ratio was 7.2:1. Almost 12.2% and 87.8% of patients had early and advanced stage disease, respectively. B symptoms were present in 87.8% of patients. Mean duration of symptoms was 9.66 ± 6.30 months (median 8 months; range 2–36 months). Mixed cellularity was the most common histologic type. Multiagent chemotherapy was mainstay of treatment. OS and EFS were 88.8% and 84.5%, respectively. OS in patients with or without bulky disease was 53.3% and 92.2%, respectively. Older age (≥10 years), presence of bulky disease, low hemoglobin (≤7.0 g/dl), and high leukocyte count (≥12000/mm3) at the time of diagnosis, and protocol used (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) were the risk factors for relapse. Conclusions: Our patient population had younger age, advanced disease, more B symptoms, and bulky disease. Still, we achieved good OS and EFS with chemotherapy-alone protocols. Patients with bulky disease had poor OS and EFS. If radiotherapy is included in the protocol for bulky disease, the survival rates can be improved further.
High-dose Methotrexate
Authors: Dhanushkodi Manikandan
Published: December 2019

High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is defined as methotrexate dose of ≥500 mg/m2. It is used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, osteosarcoma, and primary central nervous system lymphoma. Administration mandates adequate hydration; urine alkalinization; leucovorin rescue, monitoring of urine output, serum creatinine, and methotrexate levels. Delayed methotrexate clearance is managed by increasing hydration and leucovorin dose. Glucarpidase is the antidote for patients with renal toxicity. Studies from India have shown that HDMTX can be administered without monitoring of methotrexate levels with strict monitoring of urine pH, urine output, and serum creatinine and extended hydration and leucovorin doses.
Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroblastoma Presenting as Chronic Diarrhea and Refractory Hypokalemia in a Child
Authors: Ramesh Venkateswari , Sankar Janani , Jayapathy Geetha , Velusamy Mahitha
Published: December 2019

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Neuroblastoma presenting with diarrhea as the predominant symptom is rare and can be a diagnostic challenge to the paediatrician. We present a twenty months old child with Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroblastoma who presented with chronic diarrhea and refractory hypokalemia. Tumor removal resulted in cessation of diarrhea and correction of hypokalemia.
Recent Advances in the Systemic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Malignancy
Authors: Paluri Ravi Kumar , Jacob Rojymon , Kasi Anup
Published: December 2019

In the following article, practice changing updates on gastrointestinal cancers management have been discussed. For metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS wild-type, fluoropyrimidine plus panitumumab combination has been the preferred maintenance option for patients who have stopped oxaliplatin. The cytoreductive surgery alone showed satisfactory survival outcomes in colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Dose escalation of regorafenib showed better clinical outcomes than the standard dosing regimen. Adjuvant FOLFIRINOX is the new treatment option for selected resected pancreatic cancer patients. Neoadjuvant treatment is the new paradigm for borderline and resectable pancreatic cancer patients. Several options for advanced hepatocellular cancers now available and more clinical studies are required for optimal treatment sequencing. Trifluridine/tipiracil showed improved overall survival in esophageal cancers beyond the second line.
Wilm's Tumor-Collaborative Approach is needed to Prevent Tumor Upstaging and Radiotherapy Delays: A Single Institutional Study
Authors: Wani Shaqul Qamar , Khan Talib , Wani Saiful Yammin , Lone Mohammad Maqbool , Afroz Fir
Published: December 2019

Context: Successful management of Wilm's tumor (WT) necessitates meticulous attention for proper staging and collaborative effort for its optimal management. Aims: The aim of the study was to observe the patterns of WT. Settings and Design: This study was a single-institutional retrospective study. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-three WT case records were analyzed over 6 years and the data collected were interpreted as number, percent, mean ± and standard deviation with regard to clinicodemographic aspects, staging, and diagnostic modality and treatment options. Results: Mean age was 3.97 ± 2.67 years with maximum number in the 2–5-year age group. Males slightly dominated the number, and majority cases were from the rural area. The major clinical presentation was abdominal mass followed by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, hematuria, and urinary retention. Left laterality was common and single bilateral WT was seen. Majority of tumors were >10 cm in their largest dimensions. Most WT presented in Stage III followed by Stage I and IV. One was a recurrent tumor. Conclusion: WT was usually diagnosed at the locally advanced or metastatic stages; hence, the comprehensive collaborative approach will help to manage the patients optimally and avoid tumor upstaging and radiotherapy delays. Besides awareness at community level is needed to pick up the disease at the earlier stage to have a better outcome in the form of disease control and disease-free survival.
Postpartum depression burden and associated factors in mothers of infants at an urban primary health center in Delhi, India
Authors: Basu Saurav , Budh Nidhi , Garg Suneela , Singh Mongjam Meghachandra , Sharma Akashdeep
Published: December 2019

Objective:

Postpartum depression is a nonpsychotic mental health condition that impairs both the immediate and long-term health of both the mother and her child.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to June 2019 at a primary care clinic in Delhi, India, to estimate the burden of postpartum depression in women having an infant child. The Hindi version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for the depression in the participants. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS software version 25. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 210 women were screened, and 61 (29%) were detected with postpartum depression. On multivariate analysis, women reporting low and medium levels of perceived social support had significantly higher odds of having postpartum depression. However, depressive symptoms were not associated with the sex and age of the infant or even the sex composition of the women's other children.

Conclusion:

Postpartum depression represents a major public health challenge in India. Regular, mandatory screening for postpartum depression is needed at primary health facilities in resource-constrained settings for an extended period postchildbirth.
Local Government and Primary Education in Nigeria: An Overview
Authors: Odewale Ayotunde David
Published: December 2019

Local government in Nigeria has constitutional responsibility in primary education; also, the state and federal government attend to all levels of education, including the primary education. Over the years, local and state governments have constituted the real actors in Nigeria primary education sector through the instrumentality of Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC), State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB), and Local Government Education Authority (LGEA). Constitutionally and financially, local governments remain major actors in primary education, but practically, it is SUBEB who manage schools through LGEA with little or no consultation to local government council, regardless of their huge contributions. The paper intends to look at these challenges and reemphasis the contribution of Local government to Primary Education. Using the secondary method of data collection in form of content analysis, the paper revealed that Local government has contributed immensely to the functioning of primary education, both in mandatory and concurrent capacities with the state government especially in payments of teacher’s salary and allowances, provision of instructional materials, provision of classrooms and other infrastructures needed for the smooth running of primary education in Nigeria. The paper concluded that local governments remain the major actor and provider of primary education in Nigeria.Key Words: Primary Education, Local Government, UBEC, SUBEB, LGEA
David Hume’s Notion of Perception and his Problem with Causality
Authors: Iwuagwu Emmanuel Kelechi , Agabi Gabriel Akwaji
Published: December 2019

This work is a critical exposition of the core aspects of Hume’s empiricist epistemological views. The epistemological problem of the origin, scope and certainty of knowledge was a subject of fierce debate between the Continental Rationalists and the British Empiricists. While the rationalists argued for the supremacy of reason, the empiricists stood for experience. As an empiricist Hume believed that certain knowledge is only gained through experience which consists of sensations, emotions and passions. Hume reduced the contents of the mind to perception which he divided into impressions and ideas. He also copiously addressed the idea of causality questioning the impressions that provide one with such an idea. This work employing the critical and expository methods surveyed the key points in Hume’s discussion on perception and the association of ideas as well as Hume’s analysis of the idea of causality. It gave a background of the empiricists project before presenting his epistemological theory of perception. The work further treated Hume’s position with regard to the association of ideas and his analysis of causality. In the area of causality, the work critically looked at Hume’s consideration of temporal succession, contiguity and necessary connection. In conclusion the work praised Hume’s courageous, rigorous and consistent empiricist stance whose intensity led to a skeptic logical conclusion which is a necessary “antidote to dogmatism and fanaticism.”Key Words: Causality, Empiricism, Ideas, Impression, Perception
Effects of electrical stimulation and age at slaughter on carcass and meat quality of two Sudanese Baggara beef types
Authors: Biraima A.D.A. , Mohammed A.M. , Webb E.C.
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the influences of electrical stimulation (ES), age at slaughter, and breed type on muscle pH, the decline in carcass temperature, and meat quality attributes of Sudanese indigenous Baggara cattle. Eighty Baggara bulls, representative of Nyalawi (n = 40) and Mesairi (n = 40) breed types, were selected at their typical marketing age of about 4.5 years. Electrical stimulation was applied for 30 seconds at 20 minutes post mortem to 20 randomly selected carcasses from each breed type and compared with 20 carcasses from each type that were not electrically stimulated (NES). Samples of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected for meat analyses. Breed type showed no significant influence on meat quality characteristics, while ES and age at slaughter did. Electrical stimulation accelerated the carcass pH decline significantly up to 24 hours post mortem. Meat from electrically stimulated carcasses and younger animals resulted in higher L* values, lower a* values, higher hue values, and better tenderness. Older Mesairi animals had darker meat than their younger counterparts. Electrical stimulation reduced water-holding capacity (WHC), although it had no influence on cooking loss (CL). Meat from older cattle showed better WHC compared with meat from younger animals. The ES treatment decreased the variations in meat tenderness between the younger and older bulls. It is concluded that the use of ES and younger bulls produced more tender meat with better colour. Therefore, these practices should be adopted in Sudan to ensure better beef quality management.Keywords: Longissimus dorsi muscle, meat characteristics, Mesairi, Nyalawi, Sudan
Effect of bypass fat on growth and body condition score of male Beetal goats during summer
Authors: Mohsin I. , Shahid M.Q. , Haque M.N. , Ahmad N.
Published: December 2019

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding rumen bypass fat on the growth of male Beetal goats. Twenty-seven male kids with an average bodyweight of 34 ± 1.8 kg (mean ± SD) and aged 12 to 15 months were randomly divided into three treatment groups under a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of : i) CON, basal diet without added fat (basal diet of chopped sorghum with 0.75 kg concentrate per animal); ii) MF, basal diet with added fat at 2.5% of dry matter in concentrate (Energizer-RP10, Scothorn Nutrition, Malaysia); and iii) HF, basal diet with added fat at 5% of dry matter in concentrate. Dry matter intake (DMI) and faecal score were recorded daily. Live bodyweight was recorded fortnightly. Linear body measurements, which included wither height (WH), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), and body condition scores (BCS), were recorded monthly. The results indicated that the addition of bypass fat in concentrate did not affect DMI linearly. However, a quadratic trend of DMI was observed in response to fat addition (P <0.1). The average daily gain was similar for CON, MF, and HF treatment groups (P >0.05). Moreover, the addition of bypass fat did not affect the BCS, WH, HG, and BL. The HF group had a higher faecal score than the CON and MF groups (P <0.05). The current findings conclude that the addition of bypass fat in diets did not improve the growth performance of yearling Beetal male goats.Keywords: average daily gain, body measurements, supplemental fat
Effects of dietary inclusion of Opuntia ficus-indica on the glycemia and productive performance in lactating sows
Authors: Ordaz G. , Juárez A. , Vargas K. , Pérez R.E. , Ortiz R.
Published: December 2019

Sows with increased blood glucose during late gestation may have decreased feed intake in lactation. Supplying dietary fibre to the sow reportedly modulates blood glucose and improves feed intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on the regulation of blood glucose and productive performance in lactating sows. Data from 52 hybrid sows were analysed. The sows were divided into two groups, namely a control group (CG), that is, sows fed conventionally; and an experimental group (EG), that is, sows fed commercial feed plus cacti. Blood glucose in late gestation, and feed intake, milk production and milk quality, development of the piglet, energy balance, post-weaning body weight balance and the interval from weaning to oestrus were recorded. Preprandial blood glucose was 55.9 mg per dL in EG and 71.4 in CG. Sows on EG had greater daily feed intake and lower negative energy balance (5.4 kg/day and -2.8 MJ/day) than those on CG (4.5 kg/day and -9.4 MJ/day). Sows fed EG produced more milk (8.6 L/day) than those on CG (8.1 L/day). The quality of milk produced and the weaning weight of piglets were similar for the two groups. Body weight balance after weaning was greater for sows fed EG, 3.5% versus -1.5% in those fed CG. The weaning to oestrus interval was 0.6 days less for sows fed EG than those fed CG. Feeding cactus to lactating sows regulated blood glucose, which improved most of their productive indicators.Keywords: cactus, dietary fibre, energy balance, hypophagia, piglet
Caracterização antropométrica, dietética e alterações gastrointestinais de pacientes hospitalizados imunodeprimidos
Authors: Miranda Rozinéia de Nazaré Alberto , Kauffmann Luanny Kaísa de Oliveira , Pinto Amanda Fernandes , Gonçalves Rubens Samuel Lima , Guterres Aldair da Silva
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil antropométrico, dietético e identificar as alterações gastrointestinais de portadores de HIV-1 internados em um hospital universitário. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, com uma amostra de 54 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, internados no período de abril a outubro de 2015. Utilizou-se formulário próprio para o levantamento das características socioeconômicas e demográficas, antropométricas, clínicas e dietéticas. Para verificação das diferenças de médias foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA). Considerando estatisticamente significantes os valores de p <0,05. Resultados: Houve prevalência do sexo masculino (53,7%), baixo nível sócio econômico (88,9%), baixa escolaridade (66,7%) e (66,7%) dos pacientes relataram estar solteiros. O perfil antropométrico quanto ao índice da massa corpórea, prega cutânea tricipital, circunferência braquial e circunferência muscular do braço apresentou predominância de desnutrição com (55,5%), (92,6%), (79,6%) e (55,5%), respectivamente. Os sintomas gastrointestinais encontram-se associados, com maior prevalência para náuseas com vômitos (25,92%). Quando comparado com o recomendado à ingestão dietética dos pacientes, verificou-se elevado consumo de alimentos energéticos, adequado consumo de alimentos construtores e ingestão adequada de alimentos reguladores. Conclusão: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou estado nutricional de desnutrição e o perfil alimentar, de modo geral, se caracterizou por prevalência de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.
Modern American Drama: Playwriting in the 1980s
Authors: Shannon Sandra G.
Published: December 2019

The Decades of Modern American Playwriting series provides a comprehensive survey and study of the theatre produced in each decade from the 1930s to 2009 in eight volumes. Each volume equips readers with a detailed understanding of the context from which work emerged: an introduction considers life in the decade with a focus on domestic life and conditions, social changes, culture, media, technology, industry and political events; while a chapter on the theatre of the decade offers a wide-ranging and thorough survey of theatres, companies, dramatists, new movements and developments in response to the economic and political conditions of the day. The work of the four most prominent playwrights from the decade receives in-depth analysis and re-evaluation by a team of experts, together with commentary on their subsequent work and legacy. A final section brings together original documents such as interviews with the playwrights and with directors, drafts of play scenes, and other previously unpublished material.

The major playwrights and their plays to receive in-depth coverage in this volume include:David Mamet: Edmond (1982), Glengarry Glen Ross (1984), Speed-the-Plow (1988) and Oleanna (1992);David Henry Hwang: Family Devotions (1981), The Sound of a Voice (1983) and M. Butterfly (1988);Maria Irene Fornès: The Danube (1982), Mud (1983) and The Conduct of Life (1985);August Wilson: Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom (1984), Joe Turner’s Come and Gone (1984) and Fences (1987).
A low-cost monitor for measurement of fine particulate matter and aerosol optical depth – Part 2: Citizen-science pilot campaign in northern Colorado
Authors: Ford Bonne , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Wendt Eric , Long Marilee , Jathar Shantanu , Mehaffy John , Tryner Jessica , Quinn Casey , van Zyl Lizette , L'Orange Christian , Miller-Lionberg Daniel , Volckens John
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A pilot field campaign was conducted in the fall and winter of 2017 in
northern Colorado to test the deployment of the Aerosol Mass and Optical
Depth (AMOD) instrument as part of the Citizen-Enabled Aerosol Measurements
for Satellites (CEAMS) network. Citizen scientists were recruited to set up
the device to take filter and optical measurements of aerosols in their
backyards. The goal of the network is to provide more surface particulate
matter and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements to increase the spatial
and temporal resolution of ratios of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to AOD
and to improve satellite-based estimates of air quality. Participants
collected 65 filters and 160 multi-wavelength AOD measurements, from which
109 successful PM2.5 : AOD ratios were calculated. We show that
PM2.5, AOD, and their ratio (PM2.5 : AOD) often vary substantially
over relatively short spatial scales; this spatial variation is not
typically resolved by satellite- and model-based PM2.5 exposure
estimates. The success of the pilot campaign suggests that citizen-science
networks are a viable means for providing new insight into surface air
quality. We also discuss lessons learned and AMOD design modifications,
which will be used in future wider deployments of the CEAMS network.
How wind speed shear and directional veer affect the power production of a megawatt-scale operational wind turbine
Authors: Murphy Patrick , Lundquist Julie K. , Fleming Paul
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Most megawatt-scale wind turbines align themselves into the wind as defined by the wind speed at or near the center of the rotor (hub height). However, both wind speed and wind direction can change with height across the area swept by the turbine blades. A turbine aligned to hub-height winds might experience suboptimal or superoptimal power production, depending on the changes in the vertical profile of wind, or shear. Using observed winds and power production over 6 months at a site in the high plains of North America, we quantify the sensitivity of a wind turbine's power production to wind speed shear and directional veer as well as atmospheric stability. We measure shear using metrics such as α (the log-law wind shear exponent), βbulk (a measure of bulk rotor-disk-layer veer), βtotal (a measure of total rotor-disk-layer veer) and rotor-equivalent wind speed (REWS), a measure of actual momentum encountered by the turbine by accounting for shear). We also consider the REWS with the inclusion of directional veer, REWSθ, although statistically significant differences in power production do not occur between REWS and REWSθ at our site. When REWS differs from the hub-height wind speed (as measured either by the lidar or a transfer function-corrected nacelle anemometer), the turbine power generation also differs from the mean power curve in a statistically significant way. This change in power can be more than 70 kW, or up to 5 % of the rated power for a single 1.5-MW utility-scale turbine. Over a theoretical 100-turbine wind farm, these changes could lead to instantaneous power prediction gains or losses equivalent to the addition or loss of multiple utility-scale turbines. At this site, REWS is the most useful metric for segregating the turbine's power curve into high and low cases of power production when compared to the other shear or stability metrics. Therefore, REWS enables improved forecasts of power production.
Using Google Docs in Omani EFL College Classes: Students’ Writing Performance and Perceptions towards Use
Authors: Burtamani Noura Al , Seyabi Fawzia Al , Mekhlafi Abdo Al
Published: December 2019

This quasi experimental study aimed at investigating the effect of using Google Docs on EFL Omani college students’ writing performance and students’ perceptions of its use. The sample of the study included 81 Level 3 Foundation Program students in Nizwa College of Technology, Oman. The experimental group consisted of 39 students while the control group consisted of 42 students. The research instruments included a writing performance test that was administered as pre and post- test and a students’ perceptions questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the writing performance of the experimental and control groups in favour of the experimental group. The experimental group outperformed the control group in task achievement, task organization, grammar and vocabulary. Also, the students perceived using Google Docs in EFL writing as a very beneficial tool in improving their writing and collaboration skills. In light of these findings, a number of recommendations for practice are presented.
Dimensión ambiental del desarrollo social
Authors: Almendárez Castillo José Luis
Published: December 2019

En la construcción de una perspectiva de dimensión ambiental para el desarrollo social es de suma importancia la participación de todos los sectores e instituciones sociales, particularmente de las instituciones de educación superior. La exigencia de respuestas a la problemática ambiental aparece desde los años setenta con el nacimiento de la educación ambiental. Desde las primeras reuniones internacionales en esta materia, se estableció la urgente necesidad de incorporar la perspectiva ambiental en la educación superior, a fin de generar los cambios internos requeridos, y así crear una capacidad que les posibilite ofrecer respuestas pertinentes a los problemas ambientales y sean partícipes activas en la construcción de escenarios deseables de desarrollo.
A Comparability Study of Text Difficulty and Task Characteristics of Parallel Academic IELTS Reading Tests
Authors: Liao Linyu
Published: December 2019

As a high-stakes standardized test, IELTS is expected to have comparable forms of test papers so that test takers from different test administration on different dates receive comparable test scores. Therefore, this study examined the text difficulty and task characteristics of four parallel academic IELTS reading tests to reveal to what extent the four tests were comparable in terms of text difficulty, construct coverage, response format, item scope, and task scope. The Coh-Metrix-TEA software was used for the text difficulty analyses and expert judgments were used for task characteristics analyses. The results show that the four reading tests were partly comparable in text difficulty, comparable in terms of construct coverage and item scope, but not comparable in terms of response format and task scope. Based on the findings, implications were discussed on test development and future research.
High Allelopathic Activity of Carotenoid-accumulating Callus of a Halophilic Mangrove Plant, Avicennia alba: Protoplast Co-culture Method with Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Sasamoto Hamako , Hayatsu Manabu , Suzuki Suechika
Published: December 2019

A yellow callus strain was established from hypocotyls of a halophilic mangrove plant, Avicennia alba, by subculture in the dark. Allelopathic activities of yellow A. alba callus were assayed using recipient lettuce protoplasts at three growth stages by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis. The protoplast cultures of yellow A. alba callus were halophilic to NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 (up to 200 mM) but not to CaCl2. By contrast, NaCl and KCl inhibited the growth of non-salt-tolerant lettuce protoplasts, while CaCl2 and MgCl2 stimulated their growth at low concentrations. Highly salt-tolerant or halophilic mangrove plant cells were expected to have low allelopathic activity, but the protoplasts of yellow A. alba callus had very strong allelopathic activity. The inhibition was strongest at the cell division stage with growth being inhibited to 50% and 9% of the control by 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1 of A. alba, respectively. There was less inhibition at the yellow pigment accumulation stage of lettuce. Stimulation was observed at the early cell wall formation stage with up to 105 mL-1 of A. alba. The yellow pigment of yellow A. alba callus was extracted with hexane and its absorption spectrum showed the wavelength peaks of a carotenoid, neoxanthin. Using transmission electron microscopy, specific electron-dense structures were found in yellow A. alba callus, which were similar to the undeveloped ultrastructure of a carotenoid. A carotenoid was strongly suggested to be the putative allelochemical in yellow callus of A. alba.
Prenatal diagnostics of aninborndefects
Authors: WOJTYŁKO– GOŁOWKIN ANNA , BAGŁAJ MACIEJ , WOJTYŁKO ALEKSANDER
Published: December 2019

Prenatal diagnosis offers a wide range of tests that can be carried out at various stages of pregnancy in order to conduct early diagnosis of congenital malformations. The purpose of this publication is to discuss the methodology, suitability and availability of prenatal testing. The detection of anatomical abnormalities in utero and postnatal verification of the diagnosis decreases the risk associated with malformation in a significant way. Prenatal detection of the defect requiring the surgical intervention on the first days of the life is particularly important. Intrauterine diagnosing of the defect allows to implement the diagnostic and healing progression at the newborn directly after the birth. Transport in utero is the safest way of transmitting the child to the high- specialistic centre . The consultative team looking after the mother and the newborn with an inborn defect should be composed of specialists from obstetrics, neonatology, pediatrics, anesthesiology, pediatric surgery and genetics. In the case of prenatal suspicion or detection of the defects that are possible to surgically repair, it seems appropriate to incorporate a pediatric surgeon to the therapeutic team in the moment of detection in the prenatal period. According to the Polish Gynecological Association it is recommended for every pregnant woman to have an ultrasound scan of the foetus at least 3 times during pregnancy. Minimally invasive screening is destined to all pregnant women in Poland, irrespective of the age. Invading examinations are proposed in case of the positive screening (presence of genetic sonographic marker or wrong biochemical test results) or for pregnant women with the past medical history and at the age above 35.
The vaccinations recommended to the elderly and patients with chronic diseases
Authors: KOBUSZYŃSKA MAŁGORZATA
Published: December 2019

Prophylactic vaccinations are the easiest way of the protection against numerous diseases. They are one of the components of prophylaxis. Mass vaccinations are beneficial for the entire population as they contribute to the reduction of the health system expenses. The medical staff play an important role in educating patients about the range of possible vaccinations. It is very essential to note, however, that the lack of financing of recommended vaccinations is the reason for low the percentage of patients who received the vaccinations, but patients’ knowledge of the advantages of regular vaccinations is also of significant value. People responsible for giving vaccinations ought to inform the patients skillfully about the benefits and risks of them and their negligence. Each person at the older age and those suffering from chronic diseases should be informed about recommended vaccinations.
The issues connected with the anonymization of medical data. Part 2. Advanced anonymization and anonymization controlled by owner of protected sensitive data
Authors: Liber Arkadiusz
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Medical documentation ought to be accessible with the preservation of its integrity as well as the protection of personal data. One of the manners of its protection against disclosure is anonymization. Contemporary methods ensure anonymity without the possibility of sensitive data access control. it seems that the future of sensitive data processing systems belongs to the personalized method. In the first part of the paper k-Anonymity, (X,y)- Anonymity, (α,k)- Anonymity, and (k,e)-Anonymity methods were discussed. these methods belong to well - known elementary methods which are the subject of a significant number of publications. As the source papers to this part, Samarati, Sweeney, wang, wong and zhang’s works were accredited. the selection of these publications is justified by their wider research review work led, for instance, by Fung, Wang, Fu and y. however, it should be noted that the methods of anonymization derive from the methods of statistical databases protection from the 70s of 20th century. Due to the interrelated content and literature references the first and the second part of this article constitute the integral whole.Aim of the study: The analysis of the methods of anonymization, the analysis of the methods of protection of anonymized data, the study of a new security type of privacy enabling device to control disclosing sensitive data by the entity which this data concerns.Material and methods: Analytical methods, algebraic methods.Results: Delivering material supporting the choice and analysis of the ways of anonymization of medical data, developing a new privacy protection solution enabling the control of sensitive data by entities which this data concerns.Conclusions: In the paper the analysis of solutions for data anonymization, to ensure privacy protection in medical data sets, was conducted. the methods of: k-Anonymity, (X,y)- Anonymity, (α,k)- Anonymity, (k,e)-Anonymity, (X,y)-Privacy, lKc-Privacy, l-Diversity, (X,y)-linkability, t-closeness, confidence Bounding and Personalized Privacy were described, explained and analyzed. The analysis of solutions of controlling sensitive data by their owner was also conducted. Apart from the existing methods of the anonymization, the analysis of methods of the protection of anonymized data was included. In particular, the methods of: δ-Presence, e-Differential Privacy, (d,γ)-Privacy, (α,β)-Distributing Privacy and protections against (c,t)-isolation were analyzed. Moreover, the author introduced a new solution of the controlled protection of privacy. the solution is based on marking a protected field and the multi-key encryption of sensitive value. The suggested way of marking the fields is in accordance with Xmlstandard. For the encryption, (n,p) different keys cipher was selected. to decipher the content the p keys of n were used. The proposed solution enables to apply brand new methods to control privacy of disclosing sensitive data.
Taking the lead in healthcare advancement – Roanoke County VA (USA)
Authors: Church Joseph B.
Published: December 2019

Healthcare services and the expected need for expansion has fueled the need to take a look into the immediate future for the Roanoke valley. Building a healthy environment for the citizens of the valley does not only include bricks and mortar. The facilities are very important, but a healthy community begins from within. Roanoke county has taken the initiative to institute a wellness center for our 900 plus employees. We have always been supportive of our local healthcare providers, Carilion Clinic and Lewis-Gale Medical Center, but taking a pro-active part will lead to many positive results. We have already realized a reduction in healthcare claims and a corresponding decrease in the overall payment of these. Our wellness center operation has resulted in less time loss from work due to illness, an overall healthy workforce and most importantly an educated employee regarding their personal healthcare situation. We realize that a healthy workforce is a more productive one.Healthcare education and preventive care programs such as eating healthy foods and exercise translates into lower health insurance premiums for individuals as well as the County.