bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An epilepsy‐associated glioneuronal tumor with mixed morphology harboring FGFR1 mutation
Authors: Yamada Seiji , Nobusawa Sumihito , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Teranishi Takao , Watanabe Sadayoshi , Murayama Kazuhiro , Ohba Shigeo , Okabe Asako , Sakurai Kouhei , Urano Makoto , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Yokoo Hideaki , Hirose Yuichi , Abe Masato
Published: June 2019

Glioneuronal tumor (GNT) is a rare central nervous system neoplasm composed of glial and neuronal components. Making the specific diagnosis of GNT can be challenging due to histopathological and genetical similarities among some GNTs and low‐grade gliomas.

We report a case of GNT with rosette‐forming glioneuronal tumor, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, and pilocytic astrocytoma‐like morphology harboring FGFR1 mutation. A 16‐year‐old female presented with absence seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right temporal lobe mass with multinodular enhancement by gadolinium administration. The tumor was mostly composed of oligodendrocyte‐like cells (OLCs) with variable perinuclear haloes. Abundant Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies were identified. Neither mitotic figures nor areas of necrosis were seen. Focal neurocytic rosette features, involving ring‐like arrays of OLCs around eosinophilic cores, were observed. Direct sequencing showed a missense mutation in FGFR1 K656E, whereas FGFR1 N546K, PIK3CA, and BRAF V600E were intact. KIAA1549‐BRAF fusion was not detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
A novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*08:242, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Saudi individual
Authors: Alburaq Mohammed , AlSebaiheen Farrah , Alblaihed Asma , Alshubaili Abdullah , Hajeer Ali H.
Published: June 2019

HLA‐B*08:242 differs from HLA‐B*08:01:01:01 in codons 33 and 36 of exon 2.
Extracorporeal rewarming from experimental hypothermia: Effects of hydroxyethyl starch versus saline priming on fluid balance and blood flow distribution
Authors: Schanche Torstein , Kondratiev Timofei , Tveita Torkjel
Published: June 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Mortality in accidental hypothermia patients rewarmed by extracorporeal circulation remains high. Knowledge concerning optimal fluid additions for extracorporeal rewarming is lacking, with no apparent consensus. Does colloid versus crystalloid priming have different effects on fluid balance and blood flow distribution during extracorporeal rewarming?

What is the main finding and its importance?

In our rat model of extracorporeal rewarming from hypothermic cardiac arrest, hydroxyethyl starch generates less tissue oedema and increases circulating blood volume and organ blood flow, compared with saline. The composition of fluid additions appears to be important during extracorporeal rewarming from hypothermia.

Rewarming by extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is the recommended treatment for accidental hypothermia patients with cardiac instability. Hypothermia, along with initiation of ECC, introduces major changes in fluid homeostasis and blood flow. Scientific data to recommend best practice use of ECC for rewarming these patients is lacking, and no current guidelines exist concerning the choice of priming fluid for the extracorporeal circuit. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of different fluid protocols on fluid balance and blood flow distribution during rewarming from deep hypothermic cardiac arrest. Sixteen anaesthetized rats were cooled to deep hypothermic cardiac arrest and rewarmed by ECC. During cooling, rats were equally randomized into two groups: an extracorporeal circuit primed with saline or primed with hydroxyethyl starch (HES). Calculations of plasma volume (PV), circulating blood volume (CBV), organ blood flow, total tissue water content, global O2 delivery and consumption were made. During and after rewarming, the pump flow rate, mean arterial pressure, PV and CBV were significantly higher in HES‐treated compared with saline‐treated rats. After rewarming, the HES group had significantly increased global O2 delivery and blood flow to the brain and kidneys compared with the saline group. Rats in the saline group demonstrated a significantly higher total tissue water content in the kidneys, skeletal muscle and lung. Compared with crystalloid priming, the use of an iso‐oncotic colloid prime generates less tissue oedema and increases PV, CBV and organ blood flow during ECC rewarming. The composition of fluid additions appears to be an important factor during ECC rewarming from hypothermia.
A Survey of Models of Ultraslow Diffusion in Heterogeneous Materials
Authors: Liang Yingjie , Wang Shuhong , Chen Wen , Zhou Zhifang , Magin Richard L.
Published: June 2019

Ultraslow diffusion is characterized by a logarithmic growth of the mean squared displacement (MSD) as a function of time. It occurs in complex arrangements of molecules, microbes, and many-body systems. This paper reviews mechanical models for ultraslow diffusion in heterogeneous media from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Macroscopic models are typically formulated in terms of a diffusion equation that employs noninteger order derivatives (distributed order, structural, and comb models (CM)) or employs a diffusion coefficient that is a function of space or time. Microscopic models are usually based on the continuous time random walk (CTRW) theory, but use a weighted logarithmic function as the limiting formula of the waiting time density. The similarities and differences between these models are analyzed and compared with each other. The corresponding MSD in each case is tabulated and discussed from the perspectives of the underlying assumptions and of real-world applications in heterogeneous materials. It is noted that the CMs can be considered as a type of two-dimensional distributed order fractional derivative model (DFDM), and that the structural derivative models (SDMs) generalize the DFDMs. The heterogeneous diffusion process model (HDPM) with time-dependent diffusivity can be rewritten to a local structural derivative diffusion model mathematically. The ergodic properties, aging effect, and velocity autocorrelation for the ultraslow diffusion models are also briefly discussed.
A Smart Window for Angular Selective Filtering of Direct Solar Radiation
Authors: Zakirullin Rustam S.
Published: June 2019

Thin-film grating coatings are proposed for smart windows to angular selective filtering of solar radiation. The gratings are formed by absorptive, reflective, or scattering parallel strips (made of chromogenic or other materials) alternating with directionally transmissive strips (untreated surface of pure glass) on two surfaces of the window pane(s). The smart window with grating optical filter has angular selective light transmission and partially or completely blocks the direct solar radiation in a preset angular range and transmits the scattered and reflected radiation without using the daylight redistribution devices. The results of numerical simulation and experimental confirmation of optimum slope angle of the strips on the pane(s), their widths, and relative position on two surfaces to minimize the directional light transmission of the window at the preset date and time of day taking into account orientation of the window to the cardinal, the latitude of the building, and the seasonal and daily distribution of the solar radiation intensity are demonstrated.
Effect of Cryogenic Intake Air Temperature on the In-Cylinder Temperature and Formation of Exhaust Emissions in a Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Min Se Hun , Suh Hyun Kyu , Jo Seongin , Park Suhan
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of cryogenic intake air temperature on the in-cylinder temperature and formation of exhaust emissions in a CI engine. The experimental setup was consisted of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The intake air temperature was varied from 18 °C to 40 °C, which was controlled by cooler and heater. Submodels were applied for the simulations of physical/chemical phenomenon of spray and combustion behaviors. The intake air temperature in numerical condition was varied from −18 °C to 18 °C. The numerical results were validated with experimental results for the reliability of this work. The results of this work were compared in terms of cylinder pressure, rate of heat release (ROHR), indicated specific nitrogen oxide (ISNO), indicated specific carbon monoxide (ISCO), ignition delay, in-cylinder temperature distributions, equivalence ratio distributions, NO mass fraction, and CO mass fraction. When the intake air temperature was decreased in steps of 9 °C, the cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure were decreased in steps of about 14.5 °C and 0.05 MPa, respectively. In all cases, the area where the NO formed in the cylinder was identified with the area of the high equivalence ratio and temperature in the cylinder. The amount of CO generation shows the similar distributions in the cylinder according to the intake air temperature conditions. However, the oxidation rate of formed CO under the low intake air temperature was lower than those of the high intake air temperature.
Numerical Investigation on the Performance of a Regenerative Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems
Authors: Moradi Ramin , Cioccolanti Luca , Bocci Enrico , Villarini Mauro , Renzi Massimiliano
Published: June 2019

In this study, the performance characteristics of a regenerative flow turbine (RFT) prototype have been investigated by means of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study. The prototype has been initially designed to be used in gas pipelines replacing expansion valves but, because of the intrinsic characteristics of this kind of expander, its use can be extended to other applications like the expansion process in small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants. In the first part of this work, the numerical results of the CFD analysis have been validated with the experimental data reported in literature for the same turbine prototype. After the validation of the model, a detailed study has been carried out in order to evaluate specific features of the turbine, focusing the attention on the typical operating conditions of small-scale low-temperature ORC systems. Results have shown that the considered RFT prototype operates with higher isentropic efficiencies (about 32% at 6000 rpm) at lower mass flow rates, while the power output is penalized compared to other operating points. The numerical analysis has also pointed out the high impact of the losses in the leakage flow in the gap between the blade tips and the stripper walls. Therefore, the CFD analysis carried out has provided a thoughtful understanding of the performance of the expander at varying operating conditions and useful insights for the future redesign of this kind of machine for the application in small-scale ORCs.
Design of an ultrasound chamber for cellular excitation and observation
Authors: Chu Ya-Cherng , Lim Jormay , Hong Cheng-Wei , Chu Yeh-Shiu , Wang Jaw-Lin
Published: June 2019

In this work, a design of integrating ultrasonic transduction with live cell imaging chamber is introduced. The principle of a metal-incident-glass-output acoustic path was used to deliver a uniform energy profile into the imaging/incubation chamber in the form of leaky Lamb waves. The design was applied to examine living mouse mammary gland epithelial cells (EpH4). Significant changes in intracellular activities were observed even at a very low energy intensity level (1 MHz, ISATA = 1 mW/cm2, continuous wave). Live imaging with ultrasonic stimulation provides a different paradigm to interrogate cellular mechanosensitive responses in real time.
Automatic acoustic classification of insect species based on directed acyclic graphs
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros
Published: June 2019

This work presents the design of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) scheme, the nodes of which incorporate hidden Markov models (HMMs) for classifying insect species. Such a DAG scheme is able to limit the problem space, while having the HMMs capture the temporal evolution of Mel-scaled spectrograms extracted out of wingbeat sounds. Interestingly, the proposed approach offers interpretability of the classification process by inspecting the sequence of edges activated in the DAG (path). The dataset encompasses 50 000 wingbeat sounds representing six species, i.e., Ae. aegypti (male and female), Cx. quinquefasciatus (male and female), Cx. stigmatosoma (male and female), Cx. tarsalis (male and female), Musca domestica, and Drosophila simulans, and is publicly available at https://sites.google.com/site/insectclassification/. Thorough species classification experiments showed that the proposed solution outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
Design and experimental demonstration of broadband acoustic pressure enhancing passive metafluids
Authors: Kwon Hyung-Suk , Popa Bogdan-Ioan
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the design and experimental demonstration of a passive broadband acoustic pressure enhancing metafluid in air. The design is optimized for fabrication via three-dimensional (3D) printing and takes advantage of the property of acoustic pressure to enhance sound as the sound passes with minimal insertion loss from the background medium into a high impedance fluid. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements of the fabricated structure show that the metafluid enhances the sound pressure level by 7 dB in more than one octave without introducing sound distortions. Moreover, the metafluid is subwavelength in size and does not increase the aperture of the sensor. These results provide an excellent path toward improving the sensitivity of compact acoustic sensors without employing active elements.
Hong Kong scientists protest, but also forge mainland ties
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: June 2019

Cross-border research collaborations expand, even as conflict continues over city's semiautonomous status.
Fight for the Arctic Ocean is a boon for science
Authors: Kemeny Richard
Published: June 2019

Armed with seafloor maps, Russia, Denmark, and Canada seek control over the North Pole.
Lost at sea
Authors: Preston Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

A growing sensory smog threatens the ability of fish to communicate, navigate, and survive.
“Two-eyed seeing” supports wildlife health
Authors: Kutz Susan , Tomaselli Matilde
Published: June 2019

Bridging Indigenous and scientific knowledge improves wildlife surveillance and fosters reconciliation
The small world of global marine fisheries: The cross-boundary consequences of larval dispersal
Authors: Ramesh Nandini , Rising James A. , Oremus Kimberly L.
Published: June 2019

A small, interconnected world

Countries manage their fisheries as if they were a local resource. To some degree, this may reflect reality, but marine fish, perhaps more than any other vertebrate group, are connected across large distances through ocean currents. Ramesh
et al.
model how these currents distribute the fish larvae of more than 700 species. They used network analysis to assess the degree to which populations found in one part of the world may have come from another. It seems that global fish populations represent a small-world network where connections across populations are tight and particular hubs of productivity are widely important. Such connectivity has wide-ranging implications for conservation, management, and food supplies globally.

Science
, this issue p.
1192
The gut microbiota and colon cancer
Authors: Garrett Wendy S.
Published: June 2019

Microbiome data should be incorporated into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colon cancer
Rotary substates of mitochondrial ATP synthase reveal the basis of flexible F
1
-F
o
coupling
Authors: Murphy Bonnie J. , Klusch Niklas , Langer Julian , Mills Deryck J. , Yildiz Özkan , Kühlbrandt Werner
Published: June 2019

Flexible domains in a well-oiled machine

Motors convert one form of energy into another. For biological motors, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as chemical energy and its hydrolysis is coupled to conformational changes that exert mechanical force. ATP synthases reverse this process in a multistep process: first converting an electrochemical gradient to rotational kinetic energy, and then coupling rotation to formation of high-energy phosphodiester bonds. Murphy
et al.
investigated these energy changes in the dimeric mitochondrial F
1
-F
o
ATP synthase from
Polytomella
sp., a unicellular alga. They solved high-resolution cryo–electron microscopy structures of the ATP synthase complex, extracting 13 rotational substates. This collection of structures revealed that the rotation of the F
o
ring and central stalk is coupled with partial rotations of the F
1
head. This flexibility may enable the head to better couple continuous rotation with discrete ATP synthesis events.

Science
, this issue p.
eaaw9128
Financial temptation increases civic honesty
Authors: Shalvi Shaul
Published: June 2019

Altruism and self-image, not selfishness, drive surprising findings
Do tiny fish rule the reefs?
Authors: Riginos Cynthia , Leis Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2019

Covert fish larvae may serve as crucial cuisine in coral reef ecosystems
DNA patents revisited
Authors: Berg Jeremy
Published: June 2019

A bipartisan proposal to modify restraints in patent law was debated before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee this month. Immediately following the third hearing last week, leading scientists called for a study of the relevant issues by the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, prior to the draft legislation moving forward (
www.patenteligibility.com
). This study should be initiated soon, with a short timeline, to ensure that appropriate information and analysis can inform the legislative processes that will substantially affect how the benefits of science and innovation are delivered to society.
Viruses in Vietnamese Patients Presenting with Community-Acquired Sepsis of Unknown Cause
Authors: Anh Nguyen To , Hong Nguyen Thi Thu , Nhu Le Nguyen Truc , Thanh Tran Tan , Lau Chuen-Yen , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Deng Xutao , Rahman Motiur , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , van Doorn H. Rogier , Thwaites Guy , Delwart Eric , Tan Le Van
Published: June 2019

Community-acquired (CA) sepsis is a major public health problem worldwide, yet the etiology remains unknown for >50% of the patients. Here we applied metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to characterize the human virome in 492 clinical samples (384 sera, 92 pooled nasal and throat swabs, 10 stools, and 6 cerebrospinal fluid samples) from 386 patients (213 adults and 173 children) presenting with CA sepsis who were recruited from 6 hospitals across Vietnam between 2013 and 2015.
Field-based investigation of fault architecture: A case study from the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt, Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pei Yangwen , Paton Douglas A. , Knipe Rob J. , Lickorish W. Henry , Li Anren , Wu Kongyou
Published: June 2019

The fault zone architecture of a thrust fault zone is critical for understanding the strain accommodation and structural evolution in contractional systems. The fault architecture is also important for understanding fluid-flow behavior both along and/or across thrust fault zones and for evaluating potential fault-related compartmentalization. Because mesoscale (1–100 m) structural features are normally beyond seismic resolution, high-resolution outcrop in situ mapping (5–10 cm resolution) was employed to study the deformation features of a thrust fault zone located in the Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The excellent exposure of outcrops enables the detailed investigation of the Lenghu thrust fault zone and its architecture. The Lenghu thrust fault, a seismically resolvable fault with up to ∼800 m of throw, exhibits a large variation of fault architecture and strain distribution along the fault zone. Multiple structural domains with different levels of strain were observed and are associated with the fault throw distribution across the fault. Based on previously proposed models and high-resolution outcrop mapping, an updated fault zone model was constructed to characterize the structural features and evolution of the Lenghu thrust. The possible parameters that impact fault architecture and strain distribution, including fault throw, bed thickness, lithology, and mechanical heterogeneity, were evaluated. Fault throw distributions and linkages control the strain distribution across a thrust fault zone, with local folding processes contributing important elements in Lenghu, especially where more incompetent beds dominate the stratigraphy. Mechanical heterogeneity, induced by different layer stacking patterns, controls the details of the fault architecture in the thrust zone. The variations in bed thicknesses and mechanical property contrasts are likely to control the initial fault dips and fault/fracture density. Large fault throws are associated with wide strain accommodation and damage zones, although the relationship between the development and width of the fault zone and the throw accumulation remains to be assessed. By presenting the high-resolution mapping of fault architecture, this study provides an insight into the subseismic fault zone geometry and strain distributions possible in thrust faults and reviews their application to assessments of fault zone behavior.
Immature neutrophils in young febrile infants
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Walker Lorne W , Nowalk Andrew J , Cruz Andrea T , Vitale Melissa A
Published: June 2019

Background

To describe the diagnostic value of the absolute band count (ABC) and ratio of immature to total neutrophils (I:T) for invasive bacterial infections (IBIs; bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia) among young febrile infants.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study in a paediatric emergency department of febrile infants ≤60 days over 12 years to evaluate the accuracy of the ABC and I:T for IBI.

Results

Of 2930 included patients, 75 (2.6%) had IBIs. The area under the curve (AUC; 95% CI) for ABC was 0.69 (0.62 to 0.76) with sensitivity 0.27 (0.17 to 0.38) and specificity 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) at cutoff ≥1500 cells/µL. The AUC for I:T was 0.65 (0.59 to 0.72) with sensitivity 0.29 (0.19 to 0.41) and specificity 0.88 (0.87 to 0.89) at cutoff ≥0.2. Only the ABC in infants 29–60 days was minimally accurate.

Conclusion

The ABC and I:T were generally inaccurate for detecting IBI in febrile infants. Guidelines without these parameters may be better for risk assessment.
Impact of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on global cigarette consumption: quasi-experimental evaluations using interrupted time series analysis and in-sample forecast event modelling
Authors: Hoffman Steven J , Poirier Mathieu J P , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Baral Prativa , Sritharan Lathika
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on global cigarette consumption.

Design

Two quasi-experimental impact evaluations, using interrupted time series analysis (ITS) and in-sample forecast event modelling.

Setting and population

71 countries for which verified national estimates of cigarette consumption from 1970 to 2015 were available, representing over 95% of the world’s cigarette consumption and 85% of the world’s population.

Main outcome measures

The FCTC is an international treaty adopted in 2003 that aims to reduce harmful tobacco consumption and is legally binding on the 181 countries that have ratified it. Main outcomes were annual national estimates of cigarette consumption per adult from 71 countries since 1970, allowing global, regional, and country comparisons of consumption levels and trends before and after 2003, with counterfactual control groups modelled using pre-intervention linear time trends (for ITS) and in-sample forecasts (for event modelling).

Results

No significant change was found in the rate at which global cigarette consumption had been decreasing after the FCTC’s adoption in 2003, using either ITS or event modelling. Results were robust after realigning data to the year FCTC negotiations commenced (1999), or to the year when the FCTC first became legally binding in each country. By contrast to global consumption, high income and European countries showed a decrease in annual consumption by over 1000 cigarettes per adult after 2003, whereas low and middle income and Asian countries showed an increased annual consumption by over 500 cigarettes per adult when compared with a counterfactual event model.

Conclusions

This study finds no evidence to indicate that global progress in reducing cigarette consumption has been accelerated by the FCTC treaty mechanism. This null finding, combined with regional differences, should caution against complacency in the global tobacco control community, motivate greater implementation of proven tobacco control policies, encourage assertive responses to tobacco industry activities, and inform the design of more effective health treaties.
Characteristics and outcomes of physical activity interventions for individuals with mild traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Alarie Christophe , Gagnon Isabelle J , Quilico Enrico , Swaine Bonnie
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, and it is estimated that 85% of TBIs are diagnosed as mild and are commonly referred to as a concussion. In adults, symptoms are expected to resolve within 10–14 days after the injury, but up to 15% of individuals continue to have symptoms beyond this period. Recent clinical recommendations suggest the use of physical activity (PA) as a therapy to manage persisting symptoms. However, the recommendations regarding PA lack clarity about important intervention parameters to help clinicians deliver the intervention. The objectives of this scoping review are thus to identify the characteristics, the measurement tools, the health-related outcomes and the reported effectiveness of PA-based interventions for adults with persisting symptoms of a mild TBI (mTBI).

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step iterative process enhanced by another study and will be conducted by a team of researchers and clinical experts. Five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss and Embase), as well as Google, will be searched using an extensive search strategy to capture relevant scientific and grey literature. Articles will be selected if they report on an intervention designed to have an impact on health-related outcomes or participation among individuals having sustained an mTBI. A data extraction form based on the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklists will be created. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed accordingly, synthesised and collated in tables.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review generates new knowledge from published and publicly available literature; thus, an ethical approval is unnecessary to conduct this research. Dissemination of the results will involve all team members in activities aimed to facilitate knowledge uptake among TBI rehabilitation clinical experts locally, nationally and internationally.
Use of prescription opioids among patients with rheumatic diseases compared to patients with hypertension in the USA: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Sarah K , Feldman Candace H , Brill Gregory , Lee Yvonne C , Desai Rishi J , Kim Seoyoung C
Published: June 2019

Objective

Long-term opioid prescribing has increased amid concerns over effectiveness and safety of its use. We examined long-term prescription opioid use among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), compared with patients with hypertension (HTN).

Methods

We used Truven MarketScan, a US commercial claims database (2003–2014) and identified RA, SLE, PsA and AS cohorts, each matched by age and sex to patients with HTN. We compared long-term opioid prescription use during 1 year of follow-up and used multivariable Poisson regression model to estimate the relative risk (RR) of receiving opioid prescriptions based on underlying disease cohort.

Results

We identified 181 710 RA (mean age 55.3±13.1, 77% female), 45 834 SLE (47.1±13.1, 91% female), 30 307 PsA (49.7±11.5, 51% female), 7686 AS (44.6±12.0, 39% female) and parallel numbers of age-matched and sex-matched patients with HTN. The proportion of patients receiving long-term opioid prescriptions, and other measures of opioid prescriptions were higher among rheumatic disease cohorts and highest in patients with AS. AS was associated with the highest RR of receiving long-term opioid prescriptions (RR 2.73, 95% CI 2.60 to 2.87) versus HTN, while RRs were 2.21 (2.16 to 2.25) for RA, 1.94 (1.87 to 2.00) for PsA and 1.82 (1.77 to 1.88) for SLE.

Conclusions

Patients with rheumatic disease have higher rates of long-term opioid prescriptions, and patients with AS have the highest risk of receiving opioid prescriptions versus patients with HTN. Further studies investigating the effectiveness of disease-targeted treatments on decreasing opioid use in these four rheumatic diseases may provide strategies for reducing prescription opioids.
Responsibility in healthcare across time and agents
Authors: Brown Rebecca C H , Savulescu Julian
Published: June 2019

It is unclear whether someone’s responsibility for developing a disease or maintaining his or her health should affect what healthcare he or she receives. While this dispute continues, we suggest that, if responsibility is to play a role in healthcare, the concept must be rethought in order to reflect the sense in which many health-related behaviours occur repeatedly over time and are the product of more than one agent. Most philosophical accounts of responsibility are synchronic and individualistic; we indicate here what paying more attention to the diachronic and dyadic aspects of responsibility might involve and what implications this could have for assessments of responsibility for health-related behaviour.
Special scenarios in the management of central nervous system aspergillosis: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Ray Sucharita , Balaini Neeraj , Chakravarty Kamalesh , Pattanayak Shivnarayan , Goel Abeer , Takkar Aastha , Lal Vivek
Published: June 2019

Aspergillus is a rare but important opportunistic pathogen to invade the central nervous system (CNS). It is a significant pathogen of not only immunocompromised but also immunocompetent patients. Its manifestations are pleiotropic, reflecting multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis and host interactions. Despite significant advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic options, the mortality remains high. Several advances have been made in medications and surgical management, yet, current treatment practices lack uniformity. Patient woes are further heightened by the high costs of treatment and prolonged duration of therapy. In view of the challenging aspects of this disease, we present a short review of four challenging cases touching on the varied aspects of management of CNS aspergillosis covering pathogenesis, diagnostic pitfalls, surgical and medical options and evidence-based guidelines for the management of the same.
HPV prevalence around the time of sexual debut in adolescent girls in Tanzania
Authors: Baisley Kathy J , Andreasen Aura , Irani Julia , Nnko Soori , Changalucha John , Crucitti Tania , Francis Suzanna , Holm Hansen Christian , Hayes Richard J , Buvé Anne , Watson-Jones Deborah
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology in adolescent girls in SSA are essential to inform HPV vaccine policy recommendations for cervical cancer prevention. We assessed the burden of HPV infection, and risk factors for infection, among adolescent girls around the time of sexual debut.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of secondary school girls aged 17–18 years in Tanzania. Consenting participants provided samples for HPV and STI testing. Vaginal swabs were tested for 37 HPV genotypes by Roche Linear Array. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HPV infection. Y chromosome was tested as a marker of recent condomless sex.

Results

163/385 girls (42.3%) reported previous penetrative sex. HPV was detected in 125/385 (32.5%) girls, including 84/163 (51.5%) girls reporting previous sex and 41/222 (18.5%) reporting no previous sex. High-risk (HR) genotypes were detected in 70/125 (56.0%) girls with HPV infection. The most common HR genotype was HPV-16 (15/385; 3.9%). The prevalence of other HR HPV vaccine genotypes was between 0.8% and 3.1%. Among 186 girls who reported no previous sex, were negative for Y chromosome, and had no STI, 32 (17%) had detectable HPV.
Lactobacillus
sp and bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria were negatively and positively associated, respectively, with HPV.

Conclusions

HPV prevalence among adolescent girls around the time of sexual debut was high. However, prevalence of most vaccine genotypes was low, indicating that extending the age range of HPV vaccination in this region may be cost-effective.
Investment possibility based models for public–private partnerships in water projects
Authors: Elwakil Emad , Hegab Mohamed
Published: June 2019

One of the key issues that govern the success to invest is creating prospects for the return of investment. However, this is often hampered by a lack of research in determining the region or the area that has the potential for such a project delivery method, and the ability to repay the loan has not been considered. Developing positive cash flow projects depends on the inclination and ability of the customers to pay for the offered services. The aim of this paper is to (i) investigate the effect of Gross National Income (GNI) and the percentage of the population with access to potable water on selection of candidate countries for public–private partnership (PPP) investment in water projects and (ii) model the relationship between (GNI) and the percentage of the population with access to potable water and candidate countries. Four models have been developed to categorize the countries into investment groups. Data used in this paper, as well as the percentage of their respective populations that have access to potable water, were collected from 195 countries. K-means and discriminant analysis techniques have been used to build four investment decision making models. These models have been validated using real data from 40 countries and are helping PPP developers and investors select the region or area that has access to potable water and the ability to repay the loan using GNI.
Review of the fire risk, hazard, and thermomechanical response of bridges in fire
Authors: Nicoletta Benjamin , Kotsovinos Panagiotis , Gales John
Published: June 2019

Resilient design requires information about a structure’s response to a variety of exposures such that systems can be implemented to prevent unacceptable losses. For the case of critical infrastructure like bridges, losses associated with structural damage and traffic closures from fire events can be substantial. Despite this, there are no specific code requirements for bridge fire safety in different national jurisdictions, particularly in North America and Europe, and only minimal guidance available for establishing the fire resistance requirements of bridges. Research into the fire safety of bridges is ongoing but knowledge gaps persist that limit practitioners’ ability to conduct performance-based fire designs using the latest state of existing research. This paper provides a first-stage state of the art review of bridge fire research conducted to date in effort to summarize key findings and make available the most relevant information for researcher and practitioner use. The key research themes considered as subdivisions are fire hazard and risk assessment, bridge fire scenario modelling, and the structural response of steel and composite steel-concrete, cable-supported, concrete, and fiber reinforced polymer bridges to fire. The authors conclude the study with identified knowledge gaps and priority research areas.
Hyperspectral image classification using wavelet transform-based smooth ordering
Authors: Yang Lina , Su Hailong , Zhong Cheng , Meng Zuqiang , Luo Huiwu , Li Xichun , Tang Yuan Yan , Lu Yang
Published: June 2019

To efficiently improve the accuracy of hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, the spatial information is usually fused with spectral information so that the classification performance can be enhanced. In this paper, we propose a new classification method called wavelet transform-based smooth ordering (WTSO). WTSO consists of three main components: wavelet transform for feature extraction, spectral–spatial based similarity measurement, smooth ordering based 1D embedding, and construction of final classifier using interpolation scheme. Specifically, wavelet transform is first imposed to decompose the HSI signal into approximate coefficients (ACs) and details coefficients (DCs). Then, to measure the similar level of pairwise samples, a novel metric is defined on the ACs, where the spatial information serves as the prior knowledge. Next, according to the measurement results, smooth ordering is applied so that the samples are aligned in a 1D space (called 1D embedding). Finally, since the reordering samples are smooth, the labels of test samples can be recovered using the simple 1D interpolation method. In the last step, in order to reduce the bias and improve accuracy, the final classifier is constructed using multiple 1D embeddings. The use of wavelet transform in WTSO can also reduce the high dimensionality of HSI data. By converting the hight-dimensional samples into a 1D ordering sequence, WTSO can reduce the computational cost, and simultaneously perform classification for the test samples. Note that in WTSO, the smooth ordering based 1D embedding and interpolation are executed in an iterative manner. And they will be terminated after finite steps. The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated on two real HSI datasets: IndianPines and University of Pavia, achieving promising results.
Keddah
Authors: Deng Jie , Tyson Gareth , Cuadrado Felix , Uhlig Steve
Published: June 2019

As a distributed system, Hadoop heavily relies on the network to complete data-processing jobs. While the traffic generated by Hadoop jobs is critical for job execution performance, the actual behaviour of Hadoop network traffic is still poorly understood. This lack of understanding greatly complicates research relying on Hadoop workloads. In this article, we explore Hadoop traffic through empirical traces. We analyse the generated traffic of multiple types of MapReduce jobs, with varying input sizes, and cluster configuration parameters. We present Keddah, a toolchain for capturing, modelling, and reproducing Hadoop traffic, for use with network simulators to better capture the behaviour of Hadoop. By imitating the Hadoop traffic generation process and considering the YARN resource allocation, Keddah can be used to create Hadoop traffic workloads, enabling reproducible Hadoop research in more realistic scenarios.
Retracted on December 2, 2020
: On the Value of Look-Ahead in Competitive Online Convex Optimization
Authors: Shi Ming , Lin Xiaojun , Jiao Lei
Published: June 2019

NOTICE OF RETRACTION: "On the Value of Look-Ahead in Competitive Online Convex Optimization," by Shi et al., Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems, Volume 3, Issue 2, Article No. 22, has been retracted at the request of the authors because they found a critical mistake in the main result Theorem 3.1.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3341617.3326136
Axiomatizing Congestion Control
Authors: Zarchy Doron , Mittal Radhika , Schapira Michael , Shenker Scott
Published: June 2019

The overwhelmingly large design space of congestion control protocols, along with the increasingly diverse range of application environments, makes evaluating such protocols a daunting task. Simulation and experiments are very helpful in evaluating the performance of designs in specific contexts, but give limited insight into the more general properties of these schemes and provide no information about the inherent limits of congestion control designs (such as, which properties are simultaneously achievable and which are mutually exclusive). In contrast, traditional theoretical approaches are typically focused on the design of protocols that achieve to specific, predetermined objectives (e.g., network utility maximization), or the analysis of specific protocols (e.g., from control-theoretic perspectives), as opposed to the inherent tensions/derivations between desired properties. To complement today's prevalent experimental and theoretical approaches, we put forth a novel principled framework for reasoning about congestion control protocols, which is inspired by the axiomatic approach from social choice theory and game theory. We consider several natural requirements ("axioms'') from congestion control protocols -- e.g., efficient resource-utilization, loss-avoidance, fairness, stability, and TCP-friendliness -- and investigate which combinations of these can be achieved within a single design. Thus, our framework allows us to investigate the fundamental tradeoffs between desiderata, and to identify where existing and new congestion control architectures fit within the space of possible outcomes.
Arginase-1 and Treg Profile Appear to Modulate Inflammatory Process in Patients with Chronic Gastritis: IL-33 May Be the Alarm Cytokine in H. pylori-Positive Patients
Authors: da Silva Emerson Abdulmassih Wood , da Silva Natalia Maria Jacom Wood , Rodrigues Rafael Rocha , Adad Sheila Jorge , de Lima Pereira Sanívia Aparecida , Ribeiro Betânia Maria , Mendonça Mônica Sawan , Helmo Fernanda R. , Rodrigues Virmondes , Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci Rocha
Published: June 2019

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent bacterium in our environment, directly involved in various upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Several molecules activating the immune system have been reported to be involved in containing H. pylori infection. This study is aimed at analyzing the mRNA expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-33; transcription factors T-bet, RORC, and FOXP3; enzymes ARG1, ARG2, and NOS2; and neuropeptides VIP and TAC and their respective receptors VIPR1 and TACR1 in the stomach lining of patients with severe digestive disorders. One hundred and twenty six patients have been evaluated, presenting with symptoms in the upper digestive tract, with the clinical indication for an Upper Digestive Endoscopy exam. Two fragments of the mucosa of the gastric body and antrum have been collected for anatomopathological examination and to analyze the expression of enzymes, cytokines, and transcription factors using qPCR. Expression of the ARG1 gene was seen as significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic inactive gastritis than in the control group. Expression of the TGF-β gene and its FOXP3 transcription factor was significantly higher in the group of chronic inactive gastritis patients than in the control. Expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β and the transcription factors, T-bet and RORC, in the presence or absence of H. pylori showed no significant difference. However, the expression of FOXP3 was significantly lower in H. pylori-positive patients than that in H. pylori-negative patients. ARG1 and Treg profile appeared to be modulating the inflammatory process, protecting patients from the tissue lesions with chronic inactive gastritis. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-33 may be a crucial mediator of the immune response against an infection, after gastric mucosal damage.
Noble Gas Release from Bedded Rock Salt during Deformation
Authors: Bauer Stephen J. , Gardner W. Payton , Lee Hyunwoo
Published: June 2019

Geogenic noble gases are contained in crustal rocks at inter- and intracrystalline sites. In this study, bedded rock salt from southern New Mexico was deformed in a variety of triaxial compression states while measuring the release of naturally contained helium and argon utilizing mass spectrometry. Noble gas release is empirically correlated to volumetric strain and acoustic emissions. At low confining pressures, rock salt deforms primarily by microfracturing, rupturing crystal grains, and releasing helium and argon with a large amount of acoustic emissions, both measured real-time. At higher confining pressure, microfracturing is reduced and the rock salt is presumed to deform more by intracrystalline flow, releasing less amounts of noble gases with fewer acoustic emissions. Our work implies that geogenic gas release during deformation may provide an additional signal which contains information on the type and amount of deformation occurring in a variety of earth systems.
A Case ofSerratia marcescensEndocarditis in a Nonintravenous Drug-Using Male Patient and Review of Literature
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Achilleas , Koutsogiannis Nikolaos , Xaplanteri Panagiota , Gogos Charalambos , Kolonitsiou Fevronia , Lekkou Alexandra
Published: June 2019

Introduction.Serratia marcescensis a rare cause of infective endocarditis and has almost exclusively been associated with intravenous drug use and hospital-acquired infections. Here, we present a case of infective endocarditis caused bySerratia marcescensin an otherwise healthy, nonintravenous drug-using male patient.Case Report. A 41-year-old man presented with hypertension and hemoptysis. Blood cultures were obtained that showed bacteremia bySerratia marcescens. An echocardiogram was carried out that revealed severe mitral regurgitation accompanying ruptured mitral chordae tendineae. The patient received the appropriate antibiotic treatment, without further surgical intervention.Discussion.Hospital-acquired infections bySerratiaspecies are a common problem in medical practice and have been attributed to specialized interventional procedures. Taking into consideration the patient’s immunocompetence and lack of intravenous drug use, it is possible that bacteremia could be attributed to a medical procedure. Moreover, in contrast to most cases described in the literature, no surgery was performed.
A Comprehensive Review on Reasons for Tailings Dam Failures Based on Case History
Authors: Lyu Zongjie , Chai Junrui , Xu Zengguang , Qin Yuan , Cao Jing
Published: June 2019

On a global scale, the demand for mineral products has increased substantially with economic development. Consequently, the mining of mineral resources results in the production and accumulation of a large number of tailings, causing many problems with respect to mining, the environment, and the economy. In the mining process, tailings must be reasonably treated to prevent them from entering the water cycle through rivers. The storage of tailings under water can effectively hinder the chemical reactions that they undergo. Therefore, it is a critical practice to store these substances in ponds or impoundments behind dams. However, tailings dams frequently fail, resulting in the discharge of significant quantities of tailings into the natural environment, thereby causing grievous casualties and serious economic losses. This paper discusses reasons including seepage, foundation failure, overtopping, and earthquake for tailings dam failures and explores failure mechanisms by referring to the available literature. This research has determined that the failure of tailings dams is closely related to the state of the country’s economy. Most of the tailings dam breakages in developed countries occurred decades ago. In recent years, the proportion of tailings dam failures in developing countries has been relatively high. Considering the serious damages caused by tailings dam breakage, it is important to understand the main reasons and mechanisms for their failure. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the design and construction to the building of the tailing dams and to reduce the occurrences of their failure.