bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with adherence to pharmacological treatment among elderly persons using antihypertensive drugs
Authors: Aquino Glenda de Almeida , Cruz Danielle Teles da , Silvério Marcelo Silva , Vieira Marcel de Toledo , Bastos Ronaldo Rocha , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: April 2017

Abstract Objective: analyze adherence to pharmacotherapy and associated factors among elderly patients using at least one antihypertensive medication. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was performed of elderly patients resident in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Adherence to medication was assessed with the Morisky-Green Test. Socio-demographic variables and variables related to health status, the health service and drug therapy were collected. The Poisson regression model was used to assess crude and adjusted (95% confidence interval) prevalence ratios (PR). The level of significance was tested using the Wald test. Results: The prevalence of adherence to pharmacological therapy was 47% (95% CI: 41%-53%). The sample consisted of 279 elderly persons, the majority of whom were women (69%), described themselves as white (45.5%), and had up to four years of schooling (76.48%). Regarding pharmacological therapy, the subjects took 5.19 (±2.8) medications and 7.1 (±4.4) tablets per day. Conclusion: a significant association was observed between adherence to pharmacological therapy and the variables positive perception of vision, positive perception of hearing and absence of frailty.
Avaliação de orientações geradas por sistema computacional a acompanhantes de pacientes pediátricos submetidos à quimioterapia
Authors: Lopes Vagner José , Shmeil Marcos Augusto Hochuli
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar as orientações geradas com o auxílio do Sistema de Apoio à Decisão Clínica – Cuidados em Oncologia e Saúde com Quimioterápicos com as orientações não auxiliadas por tecnologia, destinadas aos acompanhantes de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, avaliativa, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada na pediatria de um hospital em Curitiba-PR, entre dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. A amostra foi composta por 58 participantes, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, não apoiado pelo software, e Grupo 2, apoiado pelo software. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Houve significância estatística nas orientações (p <0,05), prevalecendo maior média de concordância com o auxílio do software no Grupo 2, quando comparada ao Grupo 1. Conclusões Evidenciou-se que as orientações geradas com o auxílio do software consistem em uma forma de apoiar qualitativamente os enfermeiros na geração de orientações.
O Cultivo do Mogno Africano (Khaya spp.) e o Crescimento da Atividade no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Andressa , Ferraz Filho Antonio Carlos , Scolforo José Roberto Soares
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O setor florestal brasileiro está em plena expansão e com um aumento gradativo de investidores florestais optando pelo cultivo de espécies de madeira nobre. O mogno africano (Khaya spp.) é uma espécie que vêm se destacando na preferência dos empresários como opção no investimento florestal. Porém, estudos e pesquisas sobre a espécie, principalmente no Brasil, são escassos. Assim, a presente revisão procurou reunir diversas fontes de publicação, nacionais e internacionais, abordando aspectos históricos do mogno, buscando aclarar as características da espécie e a experiência de outros países no manejo dessa cultura.
Constituição de identidades em um curso de licenciatura em química
Authors: SÁ CARMEN SILVIA DA SILVA , SANTOS WILDSON LUIZ PEREIRA DOS
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados obtidos na investigação de um curso de licenciatura em química de uma universidade pública. Foram utilizados referenciais teóricos sobre profissionalização docente, identidade e currículo, particularmente dos estudos culturais e da abordagem sociológica. A metodologia, de cunho qualitativo, baseia-se na análise textual discursiva dos dados obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados a 71 licenciandos e entrevistas realizadas com 6 licenciandos e com 6 egressos do curso. Os resultados indicaram que o currículo ativo do curso induz a sua profissionalização para a pesquisa na área específica de química (caráter bacharelizante). Conclui-se a necessidade de os formadores atuarem adotando práticas curriculares que rompam com modelos de formação que privilegiem a formação do profissional químico em detrimento da formação do professor de química para os jovens, uma atividade considerada de pouca importância para muitos deles.
A atividade curricular e pedagógica dos professores como fonte de tensões e dilemas profissionais: contributo para uma interpelação sobre a profissão docente
Authors: COSME ARIANA , TRINDADE RUI EDUARDO
Published: April 2017

RESUMO As tensões e dilemas dos professores são o objeto de reflexão que está na origem da análise de dezesseis projetos de investigação, produzidos em Portugal, pelos quais se pretendeu fazer relação com a atividade curricular e pedagógica que aqueles protagonizam. Com base no trabalho realizado, concluiu-se que essa atividade nem sempre é objeto de interpelação explícita ou entendida como um fator relevante nos estudos que circunscrevem a atividade docente à discussão sobre o perfil dos professores e a resiliência profissional. Noutro sentido, aquela atividade assume outra importância nos estudos que propõem uma abordagem sistémica da profissão, ainda que neste âmbito a tensão entre a dimensão relacional e a dimensão curricular e pedagógica, entendida como uma tensão estruturante da reflexão sobre a natureza e as finalidades do trabalho docente, seja objeto de leituras que se produzam com base em diferentes pressupostos e com implicações distintas quanto ao modo de conceber esse trabalho.
Overweight, obesity, steps, and moderate to vigorous physical activity in children
Authors: Oliveira Luis Carlos , Ferrari Gerson Luis de Moraes , Araújo Timóteo Leandro , Matsudo Victor
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to establish cutoff points for the number of steps/day and minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity in relation to the risk of childhood overweight and obesity and their respective associations. In addition, we aim to identify the amount of steps/day needed to achieve the recommendation of moderate to vigorous physical activity in children from São Caetano do Sul. METHODS In total, 494 children have used an accelerometer to monitor steps/day and the intensity of physical activity (min/day). The moderate to vigorous physical activity has been categorized according to the public health recommendation (≤ 60 versus > 60 min/day). Overweight or obesity is defined as body mass index > +1 SD, based on reference data from the World Health Organization. The data on family income, education of parents, screen time, diet pattern, and sedentary time have been collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves have been constructed. RESULTS On average, boys walked more steps/day (1,850) and performed more min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (23.1) than girls. Overall, 51.4% of the children have been classified as eutrophic and 48.6% as overweight or obese. Eutrophic boys walked 1,525 steps/day and performed 18.6 minutes/day more of moderate to vigorous physical activity than those with overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). The same has not been found in girls (p > 0.05). The cutoff points to prevent overweight and obesity in boys and girls were 10,500 and 8,500 steps/day and 66 and 46 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity, respectively. The walking of 9,700 steps/day for boys and 9,400 steps/day for girls ensures the scope of the recommendation of moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS In boys, steps/day and moderate to vigorous physical activity have been negatively associated with body mass index, regardless of race, family income, education of parents, screen time, diet pattern, and sedentary time. We suggest, for steps/day and moderate to vigorous physical activity, studies with different ages and populations, with different designs, so as to inform the cause and effect relationship with various health parameters.
Gassy sands: volume change induced by organic matter oxidation
Authors: Cristancho-Torres E. , Larrahondo J. M.
Published: April 2017

Most traditional laboratory techniques to prepare gassy soils inject carbonated water into a soil sample while the latter is mounted on a triaxial chamber, and subsequently produce gas by lowering confining stresses below the gas/liquid bubble point. This study introduces an experimental technique to prepare gassy soil analogues by in-soil oxidation of organic matter (native and foreign to the soil) by way of chemical reaction with diluted hydrogen peroxide, which avoids the bubble-point dependence. Sand specimens reconstituted at varying relative densities and organic matter contents were prepared in an instrumented modified oedometer. In-soil oxidation of organic matter was induced by adding hydrogen peroxide into the water-filled void space, thus producing free gas bubbles. The evolution of volumetric strain and pore water electrical conductivity under drained conditions were monitored during all experiments. Results demonstrate that this technique successfully allows the preparation of gassy coarse-grained soil analogues in the laboratory.
Percepción de autoeficacia vs. rechazo del uso del condón en las prácticas sexuales de mujeres y hombres jóvenes/Self-efficacy perception vs. rejection of condom use in the sexual practices of young women and men.
Authors: Uribe Alvarado J. Isaac , Riaño Garzón Manuel E. , Bonilla Cruz Nidia J. , Carrillo Sierra Sandra M. , Hernández Peña Yurley , Bahamón Muñetón Marly Johana
Published: April 2017

En las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes, las variables asociadas al uso del condón son diversas y comúnmente se presentan con otras variables que, a su vez, se asocian con la práctica sexual desprotegida. Los objetivos de este estudio consistieron en determinar en qué medida la percepción de auto eficacia, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón se relacionan con el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes colombianos. Participaron en él 308 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Los resultados indican correlaciones significativas en hombres entre el uso del condón y la percepción de auto eficacia, y correlaciones negativas en mujeres entre el uso del condón, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón. Solo en el grupo de hombres, la percepción de autoeficacia predice el uso del condón.
El “Estado Mamá”: estudio histórico del Acogimiento Familiar en Mendoza (Argentina)/ The “Mother State”: a historical study of the Foster Care System in Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Farias-Carracedo Carolina , Arévalo Douglas Marlon
Published: April 2017

Este artículo es producto de una investigación que tuvo el objetivo de reconstruir el recorrido histórico de los primeros 20 años de existencia del programa “Amas Externas” en la ciudad de Mendoza (Argentina). La metodología corresponde a la categoría de estudios ex post facto retrospectivo, bajo un estudio de caso instrumental y en análisis del discurso de estos actores. Las unidades de análisis utilizadas han sido fuentes primarias documentales y orales (testimonios o informantes claves). El programa “Amas Externas” se inició en el año 1978 con el objetivo de brindar un espacio de albergue alternativo a las macro-instituciones (MI) de niños, y consistía en seleccionar una mujer de la comunidad para que acogiera en su propio hogar un niño pequeño por un tiempo limitado. A pesar de las múltiples limitaciones del programa podría concluirse que constituyó una modalidad de albergue rupturista en relación a las MI.
Desempeño lector en niños con diagnóstico de TDAH (Trastorno de Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad)/ Reading performance in children with ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
Authors: Cardona Tangarife María Alexandra , Varela Cifuentes Vilma
Published: April 2017

Con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la edad, el subtipo clínico, el carácter de la institución y las variables neuropsicológicas en pruebas de lectura en niños diagnosticados con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad-TDAH (n= 36, inatento; n= 52) y un grupo control (n=88), se estudiaron 176 niños provenientes de escuelas públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Manizales-Caldas, con edades entre los 6 y 13 años. A estos niños se les evaluó desempeño lector, atención, habilidades construccionales, memoria, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas, por medio de la Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI). Los resultados en el análisis por subgrupos (combinado, inatento y control) evidencian diferencias significativas. El grupo control puntuó en general más alto que ambos subtipos de TDAH. En cuantoal tipo de institución, los niños que asisten a escuelas de carácter privado, arrojaron valores superiores en comparación a los niños que asisten a instituciones educativas de carácter oficial, pero esta diferencia disminuyó a medida que avanzó la escolaridad. En relación a las variables neuropsicológicas,se halló que las variables atencionales pueden predecir la velocidad de lectura.Se concluyó que las variables escolares, la edad y el subgrupo permiten diferenciar el desempeño lector. Los resultados se discutieron y compararon con nuevos trabajos sobre la misma línea.
Análisis de la resiliencia en personas divorciadas, según su nivel educativo e ingresos económicos
Authors: Cabrera-García Victoria Eugenia , Casas Rojas Karla Tatiana , Pardo Hernández Sandra Liliana , Rodríguez Martínez Diana Margareth
Published: April 2017

El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar los niveles de resiliencia en personas divorciadas de acuerdo con el nivel educativo y los ingresos económicos. Para Gómez (2010) las situaciones adversas se afrontan mejor con adecuados niveles de resiliencia. El estudio contó con 139 participantes divorciados, hombres (44.6%), y mujeres (55.4%); con estudios básicos (48.2%), con estudios universitarios (51.8%), con ingresos económicos inferiores a $1.800.000 (60.4%), y superiores a $1.800.000 (39.6%). Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, con diseño transversal, se corrieron Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) con el fin de responder a las preguntas de investigación. Las personas con educación superior mostraron mayores niveles de resiliencia en competencia social y apoyo social, así mismo, los que tenían mayores ingresos económicos mostraron mayor fortaleza y confianza en sí mismo, competencia social, apoyo familiar y estructura; a su vez, se encontró un efecto de interacción entre el nivel de ingresos económicos y el nivel educativo en fortaleza y confianza en sí mismo. Para futuras investigaciones se sugiere profundizar en estos resultados a nivel cualitativo.
Psicología de la salud en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia: un marco de referencia
Authors: Cerquera Córdoba Ara Mercedes , Peña Peña Arbey Jair , García Vargas Carol Juliana , Orejuela Castro Diego Andrés , García Nova Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2017

La población civil es la principal víctima de la crisis humanitaria causada por el conflicto armado que se vive en Colombia desde hace más de 50 años. En este artículo de revisión, se abordarán temas referentes a salud y dolor en este y otros contextos. Metodológicamente, se toman en cuenta datos estadísticos, así como referentes legales, académicos y sociales. Todo esto se lleva a cabo con el propósito de construir un marco de referencia desde el cual se reconozca la pertinencia de la investigación en el campo y se procure que las futuras investigaciones identifiquen la influencia de factores psicosociales en el desarrollo y evolución del estado de ‘salud’ y ‘enfermedad’ de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia.
HIV/AIDS, To Disclose or not to Disclose: That is the Question
Authors: Le Roux-Kemp Andra
Published: April 2017

The systemic consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa are evident not only in demographic, economic and social trends, but also on a micro- and personal level, where they are devastating. Those infected with HIV are often the target of intense discrimination and discriminatory behaviour including rejection, isolation and violence. It is especially because of these macro- and micro effects associated with HIV/AIDS that the highest regard should be placed on the fundamental rights of infected individuals - specifically the rights to privacy and bodily and psychological integrity - when determining if the disclosure of such persons’ status is necessary and justified. The primary aim of this article is to critically consider and describe the different contexts in which the disclosure of a person’s HIV/AIDS status will be relevant. The position of various role players in the economy, in the criminal justice system and in the healthcare arena will be considered with reference to relevant legislation, case law, guidelines and ethical codes. It will be clear from the discussion that no simple or single right answer exists. A patient-oriented approach sensitive to public health goals and objectives and based on human rights principles is advocated in this article.
The Impact on Women on the Removal of Gender as a Rating Variable in Motor-Vehicle Insurance
Authors: Wagener Anthea Natalie
Published: April 2017

Insurers use actuarial statistics as rating variables to differentiate and distinguish for the purposes of risk classification. They justify their use of actuarial statistics due to its accuracy as a predictor of risk. South African motor-vehicle insurers use gender, inter alia, as a rating variable to classify risks into certain classes and to determine insurance premiums. Depending upon whether the insured is male or female, it could have a significant impact on the cost of his or her premium.  Women drivers pay less for motor-vehicle insurance because actuarial statistics indicate that women are more careful drivers and are involved in 20 per cent fewer accidents than men.  Men pay higher premiums because the statistics indicate that they are less responsible drivers than women. Should a South African court decide that the use of gender as a motor-vehicle insurance rating variable is unfair discrimination, this would benefit male drivers, as it would lower their premium. Women, on the other hand, would be disadvantaged as they would be required to pay higher premiums to subsidise men. The article examines the impact that the removal of gender as a rating variable in motor-vehicle insurance would have on women, and asks if the effects thereof would influence a South African Court’s decision in determining if the use of gender as a rating variable amounts to unfair discrimination.  The article first considers the findings of American and Canadian Courts in determining this same issue and then considers South African equality legislation, particularly the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (“the Equality Act”). Thereafter, the article provides recommendations for a South African Court. As the Equality Act indicates that the discriminatory insurance practice of placing a disadvantage or advantage on persons based inter alia on their gender may possibly be unfair, it is suggested that South African insurers would have to consider alternative methods of risk assessment. In the light of the American and the Canadian case law, the article suggests that there should be a change of approach to insurance risk assessment. Rather than using gender as a rating variable the insurer could assess the risk of the individual insured, using appropriate, neutral rating variables suited to the particular circumstances of the insured. This would require a much more intensive and individualised risk evaluation and would require the insurer to “tailor-make” insurance for each individual. It is submitted that such an approach would give effect to the right to equality by disallowing the use of gender as a rating variable without producing the undesirable consequence that women drivers would have to subsidise men.
Proselytism and the Right to Freedom from Improper Irreligious Influence: The Example of Public School Education
Authors: De Freitas SA
Published: April 2017

Jurisprudentially speaking, "proselytism" is a concept within the larger genus of the protection of religious rights and freedoms. The word lends itself to differing opinions. However, there is a popular school of thought that "proselytism" has to do only with influencing people to adopt a particular religion. Such an understanding relies on the view that only the "religious" can be insidious and bear the potential to improperly proselytise, and thus excludes the possibility of improper irreligious forms of influence. In referring to the example of public-school education, it is argued that as much as the religious has the potential for improper proselytising, irreligious teachings or expressions also run the risk of improper proselytising. Not only are irreligious beliefs in many instances diametrically opposed to religious beliefs; they are a belief in themselves and cannot be seen as necessarily harmless or without the potential to proselytise improperly. Consequently, this article introduces an equitable and accommodative understanding of proselytism, which places the potentially harmful effects of both religious and irreligious beliefs on an equal footing with each other (something befitting to plural and democratic paradigms). This article therefore also cultivates further debate on improper irreligious proselytism in religious rights and freedoms jurisprudence, a scant topic in human rights jurisprudence.
The Role of Quality in the Adjudication of Public Tenders
Authors: Quinot Geo
Published: April 2017

The quality of the goods or services that government procures is obviously a very important consideration in deciding which supplier should be awarded a particular public tender. It follows that in the regulation of public procurement, particular attention should be given to the role of quality (also called functionality) in the adjudication of public tenders and the final award decision. In South African public procurement law, the role of functionality in public tender adjudication has been a fairly controversial issue that has resulted in a continuing interaction between courts and law-makers on how and when quality should be assessed and should impact on the final award decision within the framework for public procurement found in section 217 of the Constitution. This contribution tracks the development of the role of functionality in public tender adjudication as prescribed by public procurement regulation since the enactment of the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act 5 of 2000, which spearheaded the development of contemporary public procurement regulation in South Africa. The analysis shows how the role of functionality has constantly changed since the enactment of the PPPFA and remains uncertain. This uncertainty relates to different interpretations of the constitutional requirements for public procurement primarily contained in section 217(1) of the Constitution. Whether functionality is used as a qualification criterion, an award criterion or both holds particular practical implications for both suppliers and contracting authorities. It is accordingly important to have certainty on this question. However, it cannot be said that the Constitution and section 217 in particular dictates one approach rather than another. The issue should thus be resolved with reference to the statutory scheme adopted under the PPPFA.
The Unconstitutional Practices of the Judicial Service Commission under the Guise of Judicial Transformation: Cape Bar Council V Judicial Service Commission [2012] 2 ALL 143 (WCC)
Authors: Radebe Martha Keneilwe
Published: April 2017

This contribution aims to point out valuable lessons from the shortcomings of the Judicial Service Commission as highlighted in the case of The Cape Bar Council v The Judicial Service Commission.  The case involved the failure by the Judicial Service Commission to fill vacancies at the Western Cape High Court despite there being highly eligible candidates available for appointment. The judgment serves as a reminder to the Judicial Service Commission that as a public functionary it is subject to the rule of law and to the constitutional principles of accountability and transparency. Public functionaries are further reminded that they are subject to constitutional control. Such control is essential in ensuring that any abuse of power does not take place.
The Myth of Objectivity: Implicit Racial Bias and the Law (Part 1)
Authors: Gravett Willem Hendrik
Published: April 2017

The centrality of race to our history and the substantial racial inequalities that continue to pervade society ensure that "race" remains an extraordinarily salient and meaningful social category.  Explicit racial prejudice, however, is only part of the problem.  Equally important - and likely more pervasive - is the phenomenon of implicit racial prejudice: the cognitive processes whereby, despite even our best intentions, the human mind automatically classifies information in racial categories and against disfavoured social groups. Empirical research shows convincingly that these biases against socially disfavoured groups are (i) pervasive; (ii) often diverge from consciously reported attitudes and beliefs; and (iii) influence consequential behaviour towards the subjects of these biases. The existence of implicit racial prejudices poses a challenge to legal theory and practice. From the standpoint of a legal system that seeks to forbid differential treatment based upon race or other protected traits, if people are in fact treated differently, and worse, because of their race or other protected trait, then the fundamental principle of anti-discrimination has been violated. It hardly matters that the source of the differential treatment is implicit rather than conscious bias. This article investigates the relevance of this research to the law by means of an empirical account of how implicit racial bias could affect the criminal trial trajectory in the areas of policing, prosecutorial discretion and judicial decision-making.  It is the author's hypothesis that this mostly American research also applies to South Africa. The empirical evidence of implicit biases in every country tested shows that people are systematically implicitly biased in favour of socially privileged groups. Even after 1994 South Africa – similar to the US – continues to be characterised by a pronounced social hierarchy in which Whites overwhelmingly have the highest social status. The author argues that the law should normatively take cognizance of this issue.  After all, the mere fact that we may not be aware of, much less consciously intend, race-contingent behaviour does not magically erase the harm. The article concludes by addressing the question of the appropriate response of the law and legal role players to the problem of implicit racial bias.
Climate Justice: Case Studies in Global and Regional Governance Challenges
Authors: Villavicencio Calzadilla Paola
Published: April 2017

Climate Justice: Case Studies in Global and Regional Governance Challenges edited by Randall Abate, addresses a diverse set of topics related to climate justice, explores the meaning and challenges of this critical issue, and intends to provide factual and legal arguments to explain why fairness should guide the creation of international and national climate-related policy and responses.
Descripción del manejo de suelos en sistemas de producción agrícola del sector hamaca de la parroquia Atapirire, municipio miranda de Anzoátegui, Venezuela
Authors: Orlando Olivares Barlin
Published: April 2017

En el presente trabajo se aborda la descripción del manejo de suelos en los sistemas de producción agrícola a través del uso del método de Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP), utilizando como paso particular el Sector Hamaca de la parroquia Atapirire, municipio Miranda del estado Anzoátegui. La metodología se fundamento en las visitas al azar a veinte unidades de producción agrícola. El instrumento de recolección de información fue la encuesta estructurada. Mediante el ACP se seleccionaron los primeros cinco componentes que explican el 93% de la variación total. Se evidenció la poca rotación de cultivos, cultivos asociados en pequeñas áreas y ganadería extensiva. El manejo de suelos está orientado a la realización de las labores de cultivo en contenidos de humedad inadecuados; implementos poco adaptados al suelo, escasa presencia de residuos vegetales, quema de residuos y alto uso de enmiendas y agroquímicos.
Análisis y revisión de la red de monitoreo de calidad del aire de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador
Authors: JERVES COBO RUBEN , Armijo Arcos Freddy
Published: April 2017

El presente artculo analiza la estructura y conformacion de la Red de Monitoreo de

Calidad del Aire de Cuenca respecto a estandares, normas y recomendaciones nacionalese internacionales, incluyendo sus metodos de monitoreo, y la idoneidad o no del emplazamiento de las actuales estaciones de monitoreo, ofreciendo recomendaciones para mejorar la representatividad de las mismas.
El presente artculo analiza la estructura y conformacion de la Red de Monitoreo deCalidad del Aire de Cuenca respecto a estandares, normas y recomendaciones nacionalese internacionales, incluyendo sus metodos de monitoreo, y la idoneidad o no del emplaza-miento de las actuales estaciones de monitoreo, ofreciendo recomendaciones para mejorarla representatividad de las mismas.
Lecciones aprendidas al enfrentar los efectos de eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos en los sistemas agrícolas y Servicios ecosistémicos en América Latina
Authors: Santos Dávila Jose Luis , Monteiro Joyce , Ceballos Darío , Soto Jorge
Published: April 2017

En este trabajo realizamos una exploración inicial sobre medidas de adaptación implementadas en nuestra región frente a Eventos Hidrometeorológicos Extremos (EHE) en zonas rurales, identificando tanto experiencias positivas como negativas.  Estas medidas son extraídas de estudios de casos realizados en sitios seleccionados en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Ecuador; describiendo las experiencias de diferentes actores y organizaciones sociales. Se utilizaron tanto fuentes primarias (expertos, involucrados/afectados) como secundarias (bases de datos, artículos científicos, publicaciones oficiales, notas de prensa, etc.).

 El primer desafío encontrado fue la definición de EHE;  en primer lugar, puesto que la misma cambia si se la enfoca desde el punto de vista meteorológico o hidrológico; en segundo lugar no existe acuerdo en la definición de valores límites para caracterizar estos eventos dentro de la región, dadas sus características socio-ambientales; y en tercer lugar en muchos de los sitios donde se realizó este estudio no existen registros lo suficientemente largos y confiables para poder cuantificar los EHE. En vista de lo anterior decidimos utilizar una definición “empírica” de EHE, dejando que sean los actores sociales que vivieron la experiencia los que determinen cuando ocurrió un evento de esa naturaleza.

 

A pesar de las diferencias en la vulnerabilidad y los impactos sobre los paisajes rurales que se encuentran en cada estudio de caso, esta investigación sugiere que la gestión integrada de los paisajes a nivel comunitario  permite  a los productores agrícolas adoptar medidas de adaptación a su debido tiempo y preparar a las comunidades rurales para enfrentarse y responder ante la ocurrencia de EHE.   Esto ilustra la importancia de mantener paisajes multifuncionales, donde los agroecosistemas se combinan con ecosistemas para amortiguar el impacto negativo de los EHE, principalmente a través de procesos de regulación hídrica.

 Finalmente entre las lecciones aprendidas más importantes se identificaron las siguientes: La demanda de una adecuada transferencia de la información; la necesidad de promoción del capital social; la importancia de tener un Estado desempeñando un rol proactivo; la relevancia de tener una prensa que oriente y no escandalice; y la necesidad de contar con mecanismos óptimos para estimación de costos.
Propagación in vitro de Geranium chilloense Willd. ex Kunth. para la obtención de plantas completas.
Authors: Benavides Thaly , Córdova Adriana , Vaca Ivonne
Published: April 2017

Geranium chilloense Willd. Ex Kunth es conocida con el nombre de geranio de los chillos, es una planta ornamental, nativa de Los Andes que se la encuentra de manera silvestre en las quebradas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito y forma parte de la historia de la flora nativa de Quito ya que ha sido descrita desde la expedición de Alexander Humboldt y Aimé Bonpland en 1802. 

 

El presente estudio presenta un protocolo de propagación in vitro de Geranium chilloense Willd. ex Kunth, para la obtención de plantas completas. Para la germinación in vitro, se evaluaron dos escarificaciones, tres protocolos de desinfección y tres concentraciones de sales MS. La escarificación recomendada consiste en tres días de hidratación, seguida de una inmersión de dos horas en una dilución de ácido acético (10%), ya que permitió obtener un porcentaje de germinación del 31%. Para la desinfección se seleccionó el protocolo P3 con etanol al 70% (1 min), hipoclorito de sodio al 20% v/v (1,2 p.a) más tween (20 min), al obtener baja contaminación fúngica (3%). Mientras que, para la introducción al medio de cultivo, se recomiendan las sales MS reducidas al 25% de su concentración, ya que resultó en mayor porcentaje de germinación (41%). Para la multiplicación se evaluaron concentraciones e interacciones de reguladores de crecimiento, se recomienda el uso del tratamiento T2 (AIA 0,5 ppm), ya que logró el mayor número de brotes por explante (3,88). Finalmente, en la fase adaptación al sustrato se evaluó turba y fiobra de coco, resultando la turba estéril el sustrato que presentó los mayores porcentajes para la variable prendimiento (81%).
Ausentismo Laboral y Salud: Estudio de su importancia en el teletrabajo.
Authors: García Chávez Víctor Hugo , Martínez Sánchez Rebeca
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo analiza con la finalidad de comprender mejor el ausentismo laboral: ¿Por qué no todos los individuos que enferman faltan al trabajo? ¿Qué tanto las ausencias laborales por enfermedad se relacionan realmente a la falta de salud? y ¿Qué tanto se relaciona el nivel de salud del trabajador con sus ausencias por causa diferente a enfermedad general? Asimismo, el artículo analiza en forma cualitativa cómo se mide el ausentismo de un trabajador cuando se trabaja a distancia (teletrabajo)
Method for Establishment and transfer of classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical microstimulation of the hippocampus as the conditioned stimulus v1
Authors: Sui Jian-feng
Published: April 2017

Establishment and transfer of classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical microstimulation of the hippocampus as the conditioned stimulus
Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (MicroTESE)in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Kurenkov Aleksandr V , Kulikov Sergej N
Published: April 2017

Modern methods of treating infertility in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are considered. The prognostic factors of successful sperm production by invasive manipulation on the testicles are analyzed. The aspects of hormonal preparation of patients with NOA before surgery are considered. Identification of additional hormonal factors such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B in serum and seminal plasma allows more accurately predict the outcome of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (MicroTESE). A high level of FSH is not a contraindication for microTESE in men with NOA. Neither the FSH level nor the testicle volume are associated with the effectiveness of the operation, moreover is observed an inverse interrelation. The advantages of microsurgical technique of performing the operation and its effectiveness are considered.
To the 110th anniversary of the first urological society in Russia
Authors: Tkachuk Vladimir N , Tkachuk Ilia N
Published: April 2017

The article describes the history of the first society of urologists in Russia from the moment of its foundation to the present time.
The deglaciation of the mountains of Mexico and Central America
Authors: Vázquez-Selem L. , Lachniet M.S.
Published: April 2017

The last deglaciation is an interval of marked changes in the climate system. The records of glaciation of tropical mountains offer unique opportunities to assess the timing of changes and the sensitivity of tropical climates to global and regional atmospheric phenomena. Here we summarize the existing knowledge on the glacial history of the highest mountains of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (19.5°N) and Central America (Cuchumatanes in Guatemala, 15.5°N; Cerro Chirripó in Costa Rica, 9.5°N), focusing on the transition from the last local glacial maximum (LLGM) to the early Holocene, with some emphasis on records supported by cosmogenic nuclide dating. The LLGM in the mountains of Mexico (20-14 ka) and Central America (~21-18 ka) overlaps with the final part of the global Last Glacial Maximum (26.5-19 ka). A depression of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of glaciers of 1500-1000 m with respect to modern values is indicative of 9-6°C cooling. Deglaciation in Costa Rica started by 18 ka, while in Mexico glaciers remained at or near their maximum position until ~15 ka, probably due to the influence of Heinrich event 1. Glacier retreat commenced at 15-14 ka in central Mexico and accelerated from 14 to 13 ka, in coincidence with the Bølling-Allerød warming. A standstill or advance took place from 13 to 10.5 ka in Mexico. In Costa Rica, undated moraines formed between 18 and 10 ka. Full deglaciation across the region is recorded at ~10 ka, except on the mountains of central Mexico >4,200 m, and can be explained by a rise of the ELA of 300 to 450 m (warming of ~2-3°C) relative to the LLGM. In general, the deglacial records of central Mexico and Central America seem to be controlled by temperature. However, the temporal pattern of deglaciation of Costa Rica is similar to that of the northern tropical Andes, while the one from central Mexico is in agreement with the chronology of the western USA.
Assessment of the side effects of progestogen only contraception in the immediate postpartum period: the case of implants with levonorgestrel Jadelle®
Authors: Diallo Moussa , Diouf Abdoul Aziz , Niassy Diallo Astou Coly , Gassama Omar , Diouf Alassane
Published: April 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of Jadelle® implants in the immediate postpartum.Methods: To do this, we inserted the implants at two different postpartum period: first, between the first and the seventh day for the immediate postpartum period (IPP) group; second, between the 45th and the 3rd postpartum months for the late postpartum (LPP) group. The variables studied were age, gesture, parity, abortions, number of live children, childbirth, caesarean section, quality of milky climb, age last child, pregnancy-attendant, pregnancy term at time of delivery, complaints, weight.Results: From May 2012 to December 2013, we collected two hundred patients, one hundred from each group (immediate postpartum and late postpartum). The average age of mothers in the IPP group was 28 years and 29 years for LPP group. After insertion, in both group, spotting were the most frequent complaints. The weight variations were between +800 g and -600 g for the group IPP and +260 g and -170 g for the other group; which makes a statistically significant difference. In both groups, at the end of the six months, no patient had menstruation.Conclusions: Our results are encouraging to further promote contraception in the immediate postpartum period in developing countries and thus reach a wide range of users. We can therefore say that the side effects are not different during this period and largely are also tolerated.
Factors influencing the utilization of family planning services among HIV infected women in a Kenyan health facility
Authors: Njuguna Esther , Ilovi Syokau , Muiruri Peter , Mutai Kenneth , Kinuthia John , Njoroge Peter
Published: April 2017

Background: Women’s knowledge and access to reproductive health services improves their ability to safely achieve their required fertility and reduces maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the utilization of family planning (FP) among HIV Infected women visiting the HIV clinic.Methods: A cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative study among HIV positive females in Nairobi, Kenya was conducted. Consenting women completed a questionnaire that assessed the utilization of FP services. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out on quantitative data to determine significant associations with FP utilization. Qualitative data were analyzed after coding for significant clauses and transcribing to determine themes arising.Results: We enrolled a total of 387 patients, mean age (IQ range) 40 years (36-44). The contraceptive prevalence was 53% with an unmet need of family planning of 38.5%. Patients were more likely to use family planning if they were married, if condoms were offered at the clinic, if they discussed contraception with the clinic staff and their partners. They were less likely to use FP if they had expressed fertility desire. Widows were less likely to use any form of FP than married couples despite having sexual partners. The main themes on the barriers of utilization of family planning services included lack of knowledge, pill burden, and adverse reactions to hormonal FP.Conclusions: The unmet need of family planning is high, and heightened measures need to be taken to improve the utilization of the service. Particular groups such as sexually active widows and single women should be targeted for these interventions.
Mifepristone: an alternate to dinoprostone in induction of labour
Authors: R. Sailatha , M. Famida A. , Chellaiyan D. Vinoth Gnana , K. Vijayalakshmi , S. Sathiya , S. Renuka
Published: April 2017

Background: To assess and compare the efficacy, safety and fetomaternal outcome of mifepristone versus dinoprostone in priming the cervix and in inducing labour in pregnant women at term.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study done in Chettinad health and research institute, over a period of one year from October 2015 to October 2016. 50 pregnant women (Group 1) in 3rd trimester with unfavorable cervix were given 200mcg of mifepristone orally. If labour did not start or if the Bishop score remained poor at the end of 24hrs, induction was continued with 0.5mg of dinoprostone gel at a maximum of 3 gels at 6th hourly interval. Another 50 pregnant women (Group2) in 3rd trimester underwent induction according to the routine dinoprostone gel regimen of maximum 3 gels at intervals of 6hrs.Results: Improvement in Bishop score was significant with mifepristone by the end of 24hrs.But, in comparison, there was statistically significant improvement in Bishop score in favour of dinoprostone (Mean 4.7) than mifepristone (Mean 4.0). Also, the induction delivery interval was significantly less (Mean 11.5 hrs) with dinoprostone than mifepristone (Mean 20.3 hrs). Number of cases undergoing LSCS for failed induction was less in mifepristone group (4%). The rate of vaginal delivery, Caesarean sections, instrumental delivery and overall fetal outcome was comparable in both groups.Conclusions: Mifepristone is a safe, effective and suitable alternate agent for cervical ripening and initiation of labour when given 24 h before onset of labour.
Long term clinical outcome of intra caesarean intrauterine contraceptive device insertion
Authors: S. Vilvapriya , K. Veeraragavan
Published: April 2017

Background: Adequate spacing following caesarean section prior to next pregnancy will decrease maternal and neonatal complications. Unmet need of contraception is still high in our country. Motivating women for intra caesarean copper T insertion will decrease the incidence of unintended pregnancies. Postpartum intra uterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion is an effective, long-term, reversible, nonhormonal contraceptive, best suited for Indian women. This study aims to evaluate long term complications like bleeding, pain, expulsion rate, perforation, infection, missing strings and continuation rate.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, between January 2012-June 2015. CuT 380A was inserted immediately following placental delivery in caesarean section. They were followed up at the time of discharge, at 6 weeks, then at 6 monthly intervals till 30months.Results: A total of 235 PPIUCD acceptors were followed up for 30 months. Most of our acceptors are primipara group (n=156, 66.4%). Continuation rate is high 84.7% (n=199) at the end of 30 months. Expulsion rate was 2.55% (n=6), bleeding in 8.5% (n=20), pain in 8.9% (n=21) and infection in 0.85% (n=2) of acceptors. Removal rate at 30 months was 12.7% (n=30), majority of the removal was for opting to go for permanent method of sterilization (n=117, 7.2%), followed by planning next pregnancy (n=6, 2.55%). Pain was the cause for removal in only 0.67%, bleeding in 1.67%. Missing strings were observed in 11.9% (n=28), of which ultrasound confirmed in situ uterine cavity location in 22 acceptors.Conclusions: Intra caesarean IUCD insertion is a safe and effective method of contraception for spacing with high continuation rate, low expulsion and complication rates.
Clinicopathological spectrum of gynecological pelvic masses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pillai Shobha S.
Published: April 2017

Background: Pelvic mass lesions are a commonly encountered entity in gynecological practice. These masses may be uterine or adnexal, benign or malignant. Clinicians have to be aware of their differential diagnosis to triage the patients and ensure optimum therapeutic approach. The objectives of this study were to study the diverse clinical spectrum of gynecological pelvic masses and to correlate the preoperative diagnosis based on clinical examination and ultrasonography with intraoperative surgical findings and histopathological examination.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study on 114 patients with a diagnosis of pelvic mass who underwent laparotomy. All the patients were evaluated by a complete history, general abdominal and pelvic examination, followed by ultrasonography. These preoperative findings were then correlated with surgical findings and histopathological diagnosis.Results: 48% 0f the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. The most common presenting complaint was lower abdominal/ pelvic pain seen in 78% of the patients. Uterine masses mostly presented as abdominal pain, abdominopelvic mass, menstrual complaints whereas ovarian masses presented with vague G. I symptoms or were asymptomatic. 37% of all masses were leiomyomas. There were 16 uterine malignancies and 14 ovarian cancer cases. Preoperative USG correlated well with histopathological diagnosis.Conclusions: A methodical approach consisting of a proper history, clinical examination, imaging studies and correct interpretation of diagnostic procedures is necessary for the triage and optimum management of gynecologic pelvic masses.