bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal energy storage configuration method for offshore oil and gas field with wind power integrated
Authors: Yue Jingpeng , Zhang Zihan , Liang Xiaobing , Liu Longfei , Liu Jing , Liu Yuhan , Xu Xiandong
Published: December 2024

The joint development of offshore oil and gas fields (OOGF) and offshore wind power has become a potential trend. Yet, how to smooth the fluctuation of wind power without the support of the main grid is still not well studied. To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimal energy storage configuration method for OOGF considering the operational security and space limit of the OOGF platforms. Firstly, the energy balance and inertia requirements of OOGF are analyzed. Secondly, the energy storage configuration is formulated as an optimization problem with frequency regulation and energy balance as constraints. Thirdly, an iterative method is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The proposed method is tested by using real data from an OOGF platform. The results show that the platform operating cost and the expected load-shedding loss under contingency are significantly decreased.
Identification of local thermal aging defects in power cables based on frequency domain reflection coefficient spectroscopy method
Authors: Cheng Dengfeng , Wei Jinhui , Huang Fengbiao , Wu Qiong , Tao Xuefeng , Wu Kai , Li Qiang , Xue Jianyi
Published: December 2024

This paper is based on the frequency domain reflection method to measure the reflection coefficient spectrum at the first end of the cable. A vector network analyzer is used to obtain the logarithmic amplitude and phase spectra of normal cables and locally thermally aged cables. By comparing the reflection coefficient spectra of cables before and after the fault, the typical characteristics of localized cable aging are obtained. The test results show that with the increase of local thermal aging time, the logarithmic amplitude shows a decreasing trend between the frequencies of 10 MHz and 100 MHz. The phase diagram of the locally thermally aged cable shows that the number of positive peaks of the waveform is smaller than that of the normal cable between the frequencies of 10 MHz and 100 MHz. And the waveform period increases. The results can provide a reference for the detection and identification of local thermal aging defects in cables.
Identification of localized moisture defects in power cables based on frequency domain reflection coefficient spectra method
Authors: Cheng Dengfeng , Wei Jinhui , Huang Fengbiao , Wu Qiong , Tao Xuefeng , Wu Kai , Li Qiang , Xue Jianyi
Published: December 2024

Based on the frequency domain reflection method, this paper studies the reflection coefficient spectrum characteristics of the head-end of the cable. The vector network analyzer is used to obtain the logarithmic amplitude, linear amplitude, and phase spectrum of the normal cable and the local heat aging cable. By comparing the reflection coefficient spectrum of the cable with/without the fault, the typical characteristics of the cable with local dampness defect are obtained. The experimental results show that: within 1 MHz-100 MHz, the logarithmic amplitude and linear amplitude of the reflection coefficient spectrum increase with the time of dampness. The frequency and amplitude of the first trough show a decreasing trend. The number of positive peaks of the phase waveform of the damped cable is smaller than the normal cable. The test results show that: within 1 MHz-100 MHz, the logarithmic amplitude and linear amplitude increase with the increase of the moisture time. The frequency and amplitude of the first trough of the reflection coefficient spectrum of the logarithmic amplitude and linear amplitude show a decreasing trend. The number of positive peaks in the phase waveform of the cable after the moisture is less than that of the normal cable, and the period of the waveform becomes larger. The results can provide a reference for the detection and identification of localized moisture defects in cables.
Indoor space segmentation method based on the gated attention unit
Authors: Fan Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Accurate 3D scene understanding is a challenging task. With the rapid development of 3D sensor technology, the acquisition and processing of 3D data determine the improvement of scene understanding capabilities. Our paper studies a point cloud semantic segmentation technology based on the Gated Attention Unit (GAU), which integrates the self-attention mechanism and attention pooling through the gated unit structure, thereby obtaining feature representation with long-range dependency information and improving the semantic segmentation effect. Finally, our network achieved 64.6% mIoU and 88.7% OA on S3DIS.
Research on resonance control strategy based on electro-hydraulic servo excitation
Authors: Yang Xiuguang , Liu Peng , Zhao Hongwei , Sun Jian , Du Yanzhe , Han Ming , Zhao Anran
Published: December 2024

For the large tonnage high-frequency resonance fatigue test loading requirements, an electro-hydraulic servo resonance control strategy is proposed. The electro-hydraulic servo resonance structure and control system principle are analyzed. The electro-hydraulic servo resonance control system is based on the functions of sinusoidal vibration signal sweeping, signal decomposition, alternating load loading, mean-value load loading, etc. The electro-hydraulic servo system circuit design functions are verified by using simulation and analysis methods. The proposed technology realizes the electro-hydraulic servo resonant loading requirements, broadens the fatigue test loading capacity, and provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of the control system of large tonnage high-frequency loud fatigue test device.
Research on small target detection in multispectral remote sensing images based on multimodal deep learning
Authors: Li Zongzhe , Wang Qicheng , Zhao Zhen
Published: December 2024

Multispectral remote sensing images contain many small targets, occupy few pixels, have blurred details, and are easily interfered with by background noise, becoming a major problem in the target detection task. The target detection approach employing multimodal deep learning leverages multispectral remote sensing images to gather information from multiple spectral bands. This enables the model to capture a more comprehensive representation of the targets and improves the problem of missing details in single-modal images by data fusion, which is widely used in small target detection research. This paper uses the SuperYOLO algorithm with assisted super-resolution learning to fuse multispectral remote sensing data and detect and identify small-sized targets. The experimental results demonstrate that while maintaining detection accuracy and computational efficiency, the capability for small target detection using multispectral remote sensing images is significantly improved.
Investigation of Structural and Thermal Analysis of Drone Propeller Materials
Authors: Tiruvenkadam Dr.N. , Gowri Shankar S. , Mahes Kumar P. , Gowtham S.
Published: December 2024

Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), have become an Irreplaceable part of modern-day society. They are used for various operations such as delivery, surveillance, defense, and rescue. One of the most important parts of the drone that lifts, thrusts or balances the drone is its propeller. The weight of the drone is one of the important aspects that affects the efficiency of the drone, and the variation in speed may damage the drone propeller, or harsh environmental changes also affect the propeller. So, the material used must be able to withstand these effects such as carbon fiber, and nylon. The various material is analyzed using the ANSYS software to identify the structural and thermal properties of drone propellers at various speeds to identify the most satisfactory material for drone propellers. The result is verified by Ashby method of material selection. The experimental value is validated using the statistical analysis using python programming. As a result, carbon fiber is proven to be the most suitable material for high-speed drone propeller than the nylon.
Enhancing Industrial Safety Helmets: Development and Evaluation of Epoxy-Based Glass and Basalt Fiber Composites
Authors: Raja Pandi R , Bihari Bagesh , Chokkalingam P , Karthikeyan R , Anand R , Kalaiarasan S , Sivalingam A
Published: December 2024

Employing personal protective equipment, including helmets for safety, at industrial sites is the ultimate step in averting disasters, and such equipment is commonly recognized the disposable items. Industrial safety helmets employ Polypropylene Terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP) resins is the primary material for shell to efficiently absorb impacts. Additionally, they exhibit a commendable level of heat resistance. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of active initiatives to develop novel materials using a straightforward fabrication approach. The objective of this work was to enhance safety behaviour of industrial helmets by using epoxy resin as the matrix to develop composite material consisting of glass fiber and basalt fiber in a direct cross-ply arrangement. Subsequently, the performance of this composite material was evaluated in relation to glass and basalt composites, and PET plastic. The samples are produced through compression molding method. The tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS), impact strength (IS), and inter laminar shear strength (ILSS), and their heat resistance capabilities are assessed using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The impact energy absorptions of BFRP, BF/GFRP, and GFRP were 6.3, 6.1, and 5.2 times higher than that of PET plastic correspondingly. Superior heat resistance was demonstrated by specimens built of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) and Basalt Fiber/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BF/GFRP), as compared to the other scenarios. For instance, when compared to PET plastic, BFRP was 24.9 times stronger while BF/GFRP was 12.7 times stronger. The outcomes of this research work are showed that the basalt and glass fiber reinforced composites (BF/GFRP) exhibit the superior impact energy absorption than PET plastic.
Development and characterization of Fe-30Cu-10Si-6W-10Mo superalloy with enhanced γ′ phase stability and oxidation resistance using CALPHAD method
Authors: Suresh Kumar K , Mohanraj K , Raja Muhammadu Sathik , Arul M , Hussain Beporam Iftekhar , Nanthakumar S , Devarajan R
Published: December 2024

The objective of the study was to develop an alloy with a significant proportion of the γ′ phase and solvus, together with an optimal thermal processing range, by employing the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) approach. The alloy composition employed consisted of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silicon (Si), tungsten (W), and molybdenum (Mo) in the proportions of 30 %, 10 %, 10 %, 6 %, and 10 % respectively. The actual results validated the calculations and showed that Mo is a constituent that forms the γ phase in Fe-Cu-Si-W-based alloys. Molybdenum (Mo) is added to the alloy to mitigate the discrepancy in lattice structure, impede the formation of bigger particles, and lower the overall density of the alloy. The inclusion of a precise amount of Mo led to the formation of a superalloy that demonstrates a combination of superior mechanical performance at the γ′ solvus and a reduced density. Furthermore, the incorporation of Mo can greatly improve the ability of the Fe-Cu-Si-W high-temperature alloy to resist oxidation. At a temperature of 1000°C, the Fe-30Cu-10Si-6W-10Mo alloy showed minimal weight gain from oxidation, demonstrating its outstanding resistance to oxidation. The primary cause of this phenomenon is the formation of continuous layers of (Fe, Cu) (Si, Mo)2O4 spinel oxide after prolonged oxidation.
Effect of Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of TIG-Welded AA5052-H32 and AA5083-H111 Plate with ER 5356 Filler Rod
Authors: Martin Charles M. , Jayakumar K.S. , Antony Prabu D. , Ashok raj R.
Published: December 2024

Dissimilar TIG welding with a constant continuous current was performed on Non-heat treatable Al-Mg alloy plates with ER5356 Filler. These alloys are commonly utilized in the maritime, car, aviation, and chemical processing sectors for structural applications. The creation of porosities, cracking during solidifications, and coarsening of grains in Al-Mg alloys in fabricated TIG weld joints are all prevalent flaws caused by welding heat input supplied by the welding current provided. The Current was regulated from 150A- 180A while maintain a constant travel speed, resulting in a wide range of heat input. To observe the heat input’s force response to the mechanical properties of the joints, tensile tests and Micro Vickers hardness were performed. According to the findings, all of the instances had inferior mechanical properties than the basic alloy. It was observed that employing 170A gave the best mechanical attributes by removing welding faults and resulting in only a 13.5 percent reduction in strength.. At the fusion zone, the grains of specimens manufactured with 170A current are fine. The weld hardness is greatest for specimens fabricated with 170A current (72HV), and it is lowest for specimens fabricated with 150A current weld region (65HV). Microstructure examining at the broken surfaces of tensile specimens, using optical and scanning electron microscopes confirms the experimental findings.
Optimization on Edm Process Parameters of AA 8011 Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil , Karthikeyan G , Panneer Selvam K.
Published: December 2024

AA8011 HMMCs are valued for their exceptional strength relative to weight, resistance to corrosion, and superior thermal conductivity. They are commonly employed in electronic heat sinks, durable kitchenware, aircraft structures, and automotive components such as brake discs and engine parts. In this research, AA8011/xwt.% Si3N4+ ZrO2 (5,10 and 15 wt.% ) HMMCs are fabricated by using squeeze casting technique. The fabricated AA8011 HMMCs are subjected to metallurgical testing and mechanical testing to study the metallurgical behavior and determine the mechanical properties respectively.EDM process parameters are optimized with for the best combination of AA8011/Si3N4 HMMCs by accounting the current (15, 20 and 25 A), voltage (20, 30 and 40 V) and pulse on (20, 25 and 30 µs) as input parameters and Material Removal Rate (MRR) as response parameters. The optimization is done by utilizing the Taguchi approach and L9 Orthogonal Array is employed for optimization.T he optimized EDM process parameters were higher level of current, medium level of voltage and higher level of pulse on for AA8011/7.5wt.%Si3N4/7.5wt.%ZrO2 HMMC.
Front-line Discoveries in TiO2-Coated Piston Engines and Kapok Oil Biodiesel with EGR Implementation
Authors: Selvam M , Muthu G , Suresh K , Anandaraman A , Harish K A , Jayaprakash Bharani Chandar
Published: December 2024

This groundbreaking research delves into the improved efficiency and Characteristic emissions of a ceramic-coated CRDI diesel engine with single cylinder, utilizing Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as the innovative coating material. The study explores the performance of both conventional diesel (D100) and kapok oil biodiesel (KOBD40) through extensive experiments conducted under varying load conditions. The application of a Plasma spray coating method to the piston reveals noteworthy outcomes. Comparative analysis between coated and non-coated pistons demonstrates a remarkable increase in brake thermal efficiency, coupled with a reduction in specific fuel consumption and overall emissions, except for NOX. While acknowledging the challenge of increased NOX emissions, the study proposes the mitigation strategy of adjusting exhaust gas recirculation into the engine combustion chamber, along with advanced fuel injection techniques. Importantly, the research highlights a significant advantage of thermal coating in mitigating thermal fatigue on engine components.
Development of mobile indoor flight test rig for VTOL UAV application.
Authors: Makhtar Siti Noormiza , Samsuddin Muhammad Danish Adha Mohd , Sani Fareisya Zulaikha Mohd , Nor Elya Mohd , Bohari Baizura
Published: December 2024

Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) significantly contribute to various industries, such as agriculture, geospatial mapping and logistic services. The flying condition of this type of drone is affected by various factors, such as wind disturbance and battery performance. It should be in stable condition to achieve full performance during operation. Flying condition monitoring ensures efficient, high-quality, and reliable operation. Prediction of flying health conditions will reduce catastrophic failures that may cause severe damage, prolonged downtime, harmful incidents, and loss due to higher repair costs and major maintenance services. The rising complexity of VTOL UAV maintenance mechanisms necessitates smart diagnosis and prediction systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of a mobile flight test rig for indoor monitoring VTOL UAV flying conditions using motion detection systems. The primary aim is to utilise motion signals captured from the monitoring setup to develop an intelligent VTOL UAV fault detection and identification system using machine learning algorithms. The emergence of machine learning techniques and signal processing methods exposed research opportunities for constructing high-accuracy learning algorithms for smart VTOL UAV flying health diagnoses. Comprehensive utilisation of massive flying data will increase the accuracy of the learning algorithm, significantly reducing unnecessary maintenance tasks and the high cost of corrective maintenance.
Investigation of Standard Test Condition Requirement in Establishing Alternative Measurement Platform for Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Amran Nik Fatin Qistina , Zulkifli Wan Nur Ainna Amirah Wan , Jaalam Norazila , Arith Faiz , Shah Ahmad Syahiman Mohd
Published: December 2024

The output characteristics of any solar modules or solar cells are typically assessed according to the standard requirements known as Standard Test Conditions (STC). To meet the STC requirement before commercializing products, manufacturers must subject every fabricated solar cell or module to various tests. These tests include conducting current-voltage characteristics under specific conditions: a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m², a cell temperature of 25°C, and an air mass (AM) of 1.5. This study investigates this STC requirements for developing an alternative measurement platform for photovoltaic cells, specifically focusing on current-voltage characterization of solar cells. Utilizing calibrated photovoltaic cells, the optimal angles for Air Mass 1.0 and 1.5 was identified to be 48.2° and 41.8° respectively. Main methodology was segregated in three stages: first, correlating solar irradiance and illuminance under different light conditions, both outdoor and indoor; second, designing a system with a cooling device to stabilize cell temperature at 25°C; and third, developing a platform to meet AM 1.0 and 1.5 requirements. Results demonstrated varying irradiance outputs for sunlight, halogen lamps, and LED Grow Lights, with the latter achieving 810.2 W/m² under AM 1.5. The study also established optimal voltage and current settings for temperature stabilization, achieving 25°C in 3 minutes. Although the proposed solar simulator design did not reach the targeted 1000 W/m², it offers a feasible low-cost alternative for small-scale applications. The research underscores the technical viability of developing cost-effective solar simulators that meet STC requirements, despite challenges in achieving high irradiance levels with LEDs.
Assessment of Flexible Road Pavement Using the Pavement Condition Index Method on Road Sections in Sedayu-Pandak Province, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Authors: Rahmawati Anita , Widianti Anita , Widodo Wahyu , Ady Muhammad , Indri Rahmandhani F
Published: December 2024

The Sedayu - Pandak road section is a part of the provincial road that connects the surrounding collector roads. This road is one of the provincial roads which is quite busy with two-wheeled, four-wheeled vehicles and even large trucks. This case can be seen on this road section which experienced some distress, which was caused by the increasing and varying vehicle axle loads and also occurred due to the increasing volume of vehicles. To support a good and accurate maintenance process, a ranking approach is needed to identify road performance which can later be used to predict future road conditions. This evaluation method is known as Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which is a method for evaluating road pavement conditions, and can be used as a benchmark for road maintenance work. There are several types of distress identified, these types of distress include Alligator-Crack, Block-Crack, Bumps and Sags, Depression, Edge Patching and Potholes. The dominant road distress is alligator cracking (60,23%). The pavement conditions value on the Sedayu - Pandak Province Road section STA 8+100 - STA 13+200 is classified as fair condition with an average PCI value of 55.22 with the highest value being 90 in excellent conditions and the lowest value is 6 in the failed condition. The predicted value for the remaining service life is 1 – 5 years.
Nano Silica Synthesis from Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash: A review
Authors: Setiawati M , Saggaf A , Hasyim S
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology has been growing rapidly for the past decade. Nano Silica have also received much attention because of its great capability of thermal that can be used in various fields like chromatography, cosmetics, medicine, drugs, agriculture and optics. This paper then conducts literature review on the synthesis of nano silica materials from waste materials abundantly available such as fly ash and rice husk, especially using two popular synthesis methods namely sol-gel method and the alkali fusion method. In conclusion, despite utilizing waste materials, the results showed that those methods can produce nano silica with high-purity level. Additionally, compared to alkali fusion, the sol-gel method is considered better technique due to its simpler process, low-temperature need, and controllable morphology of nano silica. Therefore, sol gel method has been extensively applied to produce nano silica particle.
Damage Analysis Of Crank Pin Number 4 Sulzer 12 ZAV 40 S PLTD Ampenan Unit 7
Authors: Fhaizal Mohamad Agus , Faizun Ahmad , Wijaya Wisnu , Sani Winardi , Kristianti Lenny
Published: December 2024

The Crank Pin is a part of the Crank Shaft which functions as a place where the Connecting Rod is installed. The Crank Pin together with the Crank Shaft functions to change the up and down (translational) movement of the piston into rotational or rotary movement. The crankshaft is the main component in the diesel engine used by PLTD. Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) are a type of creator that’s still extensively used in Indonesia. The presence of cracks on the crankshaft surface can be a potential risk of engine damage or failure. Cracks on the crankshaft surface can be caused by operational failures such as lubrication failure, jammed bearings and overspeed. The characteristics of cracks resulting from operational failure are the direction of crack propagation parallel to the axis of the shaft and a high surface hardness value. Apart from being a result of operational failure, cracks in the crankshaft can be caused by material fatigue due to cyclic loading. There was a problem with Crank Pin number 4 of PLTD Ampenan Unit 7 which caused the unit to not operate. In this case the author carried out a series of observations and tests to determine the level of crank pin damage. From the test results, an analysis of the causes of the disturbance will be carried out and recommendations for actions that must be taken will be carried out.
Spatiotemporal air quality prediction using stochastic advection–diffusion model for multimodal data fusion
Authors: Choi Byeongseong , Hummel Michelle A
Published: December 2024

Particulate matter poses significant risks to respiratory and cardiovascular health. Monitoring ambient particulate matter concentrations can provide information on potential exposures and inform mitigation strategies, but ground-based measurements are sparse. Data fusion approaches that integrate data from multiple sources can complement existing observation networks and reveal insights that single-sensor data might miss to better manage pollutant exposure risks. However, data fusion approaches face multiple challenges, including incompatible measurement units, varying data resolutions, and differing levels of uncertainty. As a result, the optimal method for data fusion remains an open question. Here, we propose a probabilistic spatiotemporal model, based on the stochastic advection–diffusion (SAD) equation, as a data fusion method to process multimodal air quality data to predict hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We employ a variational inference method to calibrate the probabilistic model using ground-level observations and the numerical output of two simulation models. We then evaluate the prediction performance of our model for two scenarios: (1) incorporating simulation outputs and ground-level observations from sparse regulatory-grade stations and (2) using ground-level observations from both low-cost and regulatory-grade stations. For the first scenario, the data fusion method reduces prediction error by 14% compared to the nearest regulatory-grade air monitor located 20 km away. For the second scenario, error is reduced by 40% compared to the nearest regulatory-grade monitor and 11% compared to the nearest low-cost sensor located approximately 1 km away. The model captures 78% of observed data within a 75% confidence interval across both scenarios, demonstrating its ability to accurately represent uncertainty. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed SAD model can effectively integrate multimodal data to provide improved prediction of particulate matter concentrations at high spatial resolution. Model outputs can inform individual and community-level decision-making to mitigate air pollutant exposures.
A framework for modeling carbon loss from rivers following terrestrial enhanced weathering
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Reinhard Christopher T , Liu Shaoda , Kanzaki Yoshiki , Planavsky Noah J
Published: December 2024

Enhanced weathering (EW) has garnered increasing interest as a promising technique for durable carbon dioxide removal, with a range of potential co-benefits including increased soil pH and nutrient availability. However, the potential loss of initially captured CO2 during river transport remains poorly constrained, undermining the use of this practice as a carbon mitigation strategy. Here, we present results from a first-of-its-kind dynamic river network (DRN) model designed to quantify the impact of EW on river carbonate chemistry in North American watersheds. We map key water quality parameters using machine learning and use a DRN model to simulate changes in carbon degassing during EW. Our model predicts low carbon loss (<5%) from river networks for many of the river pathways explored here, but significantly higher (>15%) carbon degassing is also observed, indicating that riverine carbon storage and the impacts of EW on river chemistry must be evaluated in a deployment-specific or regional context.
Effect of Modified Montmorillonite on Polyethersulfone Nanocomposite Membranes
Authors: Hartini Wan Jusoh Hajjar , Shalihan Mohamed Nor , Ali Asmadi , Juahir Hafizan , Hannan Mohd Safari Nurul , Ibrahim Aminu
Published: December 2024

The effect of clay dosage of Tetrabutylammonium-Modified Montmorillonite (TBr MMT) and Tetrachloride-Modified Montmorillonite (TCl MMT) on physico-chemical properties, morphology, the permeation characteristics, and mechanical properties of the prepared membrane were investigated in detail. The presence of TBr MMT and TCl MMT in PES membrane were confirmed by FTIR analysis due to the presence of Si-O functional groups. Meanwhile, in XRD analysis, the optimum clay content in PES matrix revealed the highest degree of exfoliation in PES nanocomposite membrane. The addition of optimum clay loading at 0.8 wt% for TBr and 1.0 wt% TCl provided the highest degree of exfoliation in nanocomposite membrane. In comparison with other membranes, the perfect dispersion of nanoclays in PTBr-0.8 and PTCl-10 is responsible for the superior enhancement of final membrane properties in terms of thermal stability, mechanical stability, hydrophilicity and its porosity. Filtration performance results also revealed the greatest increment of pure water permeation after the addition of 0.8 wt% TBr MMT and 1.0 wt% TCl MMT in the membrane matrix.
Oral administration of astaxanthin mitigates chronological skin aging in mice
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Manabe Yuki , Sugawara Tatsuya
Published: December 2024

Intrinsic skin aging is a chronological decline in skin texture and function influenced largely by genetic factors. Aged skin exhibits morphological alterations, including wrinkling, dryness, and roughness, along with dysfunctional changes in the skin barrier. In this study, the in vivo anti-intrinsic aging efficacy of dietary astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis on the skin was evaluated using aged C57BL/6 J mice. As a result, dietary supplementation of 0.1% astaxanthin significantly alleviated the defects in skin’s water retention capacity, viscoelasticity, and reduced wrinkle formation induced by intrinsic aging. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that dietary astaxanthin was capable of mediating genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of skin cells, degradation of proteins in the extracellular matrix and dermal-epidermal junction, synthesis of natural moisturizing factors, and maintenance of skin barrier function. Together, our data indicate that dietary astaxanthin has potential applications as a novel ingredient in nutricosmetics against chronological skin aging.
Absorption of acylated anthocyanins from purple yam extract in rats
Authors: Moriya Chiemi , Hosoya Takahiro , Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Shimoi Kayoko , Kumazawa Shigenori
Published: December 2024

Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a tuber widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. We previously isolated several acylated anthocyanins from purple yam. In this study, purple yam extract was orally administered to rats and the absorption of the constituent anthocyanins was investigated. Acylated anthocyanins were detected in the plasma, confirming that they were absorbed into the body as their intact forms. The time required to reach the maximum anthocyanin concentration was 15 min, indicating rapid absorption into the blood. In addition, more than half of the total amount of anthocyanins excreted into the urine was excreted within the first 6 h after administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of characteristic acylated anthocyanins from purple yam in rat plasma and urine after oral administration.
Fatty acids from cheese stimulate cholesterol efflux by ATP-binding cassette transporters
Authors: Matsuo Michinori , Takaoka Shiho , Nakayama Kai , Nagira Akika , Goto Hirofumi , Nakajima Akihiro
Published: December 2024

It is essential to remove cholesterol from the body to suppress atherosclerosis progression. ABCA1 and ABCG1 transport cholesterol in peripheral cells, including macrophages, and function in the formation of high-density lipoprotein. ABCG5/ABCG8 functions in the efflux of cholesterol from the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of Camembert cheese extracts and ingredients on cholesterol transport via ABC transporters. Camembert cheese extracts were added to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressing ABCA1, ABCG1, or ABCG5/ABCG8, and THP-1 cells expressing ABCA1 and ABCG1. Organic solvent extracts of Camembert cheese increased cholesterol efflux in THP-1 and BHK cells expressing ABCA1 or ABCG5/ABCG8. After fractionation of the extracts, palmitoleic acid was found to increase cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 and ABCG5/ABCG8, whereas 10-hydroxypalmitic acid increased it by ABCA1 and ABCG1. It is suggested that palmitoleic acid and 10-hydroxypalmitic acid in Camembert cheese may prevent the accumulation of excess cholesterol in cells by stimulating ABC transporters.
Anaerobic plasmalogen production in recombinant Escherichia coli carrying plasmalogen synthase gene from Selenomonas ruminantium
Authors: Yoshii Naoki , Higuchi Keita , Onodera Tomoko , Abe Naoki , Kaneko Jun
Published: December 2024

Escherichia coli expressing SrPlsAR from Selenomonas ruminantium produces plasmalogen, comprising almost 60% of the total phospholipid content under anaerobic conditions. Both plasmenylethanolamine and plasmenylglycerol were detected, and the major acyl aldehyde derived from sn-1 vinyl ether was C16:1. Plasmalogen synthesis is affected by mutations in ATP-binding sites and Cys is expected to be involved in the formation of the [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Complications of transvenous lead extraction—focus on tricuspid valve damage: a case report
Authors: Jargieło Anna , Sterliński Maciej , Oręziak Artur , Pracoń Radosław , Kołsut Piotr
Published: December 2024

Background

Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has become an essential component of lead management strategies, but it carries the risk of severe complications, including damage to the tricuspid valve. Currently, there are no established predictors that can help prevent these complications.

Case summary

An 84-year-old male with a dual-chamber pacemaker was admitted to the hospital due to a pocket fistula resulting from a local infection. Approximately 1 year prior, he underwent the implantation of a new ventricular lead and pacemaker replacement due to lead damage and battery depletion. Another lead had been abandoned. The patient underwent a procedure to remove the entire pacing system, which was complicated by tricuspid leaflet avulsion, resulting in acute and severe tricuspid regurgitation. A biological valve was successfully implanted to replace the damaged valve. Twenty days later, a new pacing system was implanted, which included one atrial lead and another positioned in the posterolateral coronary vein of the left ventricle. Post-procedural transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed the biological valve in place at the tricuspid orifice, with no regurgitation and preserved ejection fraction. Following recovery, the patient was discharged in good condition.

Discussion

While pre-procedural TTE and intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography are commonly used to identify lead-induced tricuspid insufficiency, they often do not clarify the underlying mechanisms or predict potential complications during TLE. To address this issue safely, further research into new imaging techniques is necessary, as some existing methods may not be adequate in certain situations.
Impact of hospital lead extraction volume on management of cardiac implantable electronic device-associated infective endocarditis
Authors: Mandler Ari G , Sciria Christopher T , Kogan Edward V , Kim Ilya , Yeo Ilhwan , Simon Matthew S , Kim Luke K , Ip James E , Liu Christopher F , Markowitz Steven M , Lerman Bruce B , Thomas George , Cheung Jim W
Published: December 2024

Aims

Utilization of transvenous lead extraction/removal (TLE) for the management of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-associated infective endocarditis (IE) remains low. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hospital TLE procedural volume on TLE utilization and outcomes for patients with CIED-associated IE.

Methods and results

Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we evaluated 21 545 admissions for patients (mean age 70 years, 39% female) with CIEDs hospitalized with IE at TLE centres. Hospitals were categorized based on annual volume tertiles: (i) low-volume (1–17 TLEs/year), (ii) medium-volume (18–45 TLEs/year), and (iii) high-volume centres (>45 TLEs/year). Between 2016 and 2019, 57% of admissions in the study were to low-volume TLE centres. Transvenous lead extraction/removal was performed during 6.9, 19.3, and 26% of admissions for CIED-associated IE at low-, medium-, and high-volume TLE centres, respectively (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age and comorbidities, hospitalization for IE at high-volume centres was independently associated with TLE when compared with low-volume centres (adjusted odds ratio 4.26; 95% confidence interval 3.53–5.15). Transvenous lead extraction/removal-associated complication rates were similar at 2.5, 2.3, and 3.4% at low-, medium-, and high-volume centres, respectively (P = 0.493). Overall inpatient mortality during admissions to low-, medium-, and high-volume centres was also similar.

Conclusion

Admissions to high-volume TLE centres were associated with higher utilization of TLE for management of CIED-associated IE. Transvenous lead extraction/removal-associated complications and mortality among patients hospitalized with CIED-associated IE were similar when stratified by hospital TLE volume, but this needs to be considered in context of significant differences in patient comorbidity burden between centres.
Sanctuary and Victim: A Medical School that Challenged the Jewish Quota and Welcomed Refugees from Nazism
Authors: Neuspiel Daniel R
Published: December 2024

At the time it closed in 1947, Middlesex University School of Medicine (MUSOM) in Waltham, Massachusetts was one of the few American medical schools that did not restrict the enrollment of Jews, who reportedly comprised 85 percent of its students. This school also welcomed students and faculty forced to flee Nazi-occupied Europe, and at least twenty-one faculty and eleven student refugees were offered sanctuary there during the Nazi period. Though Middlesex was an oasis from antisemitism, prevalent anti-Jewish attitudes and practices of its time may have caused its demise. After its forced closure, the school’s property was donated to the founders of a new Jewish-led university.
Characterization of the probiotic and functional properties of Enterococcus faecalis AQ10 isolated from chicken cecum
Authors: Yin Haichang , Zhang Xinyu , Jiang Xinjie , Liu Di
Published: December 2024

Lactic acid bacteria are considered the safest alternative to antibiotics and have a broad range of applications in animal husbandry. Enterococcus faecalis is a primary component of the chicken gut microbiota; it is known for its ability to regulate intestinal microbial balance and its probiotic functions. In this study, E. faecalis strain AQ10 from isolated from was the chicken cecum and used a combination of whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analyses to investigate its probiotic properties. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the genome length of E. faecalis AQ10 is 2.98 Mbp, with an average guanine-cytosine content of 38.12%, and includes 2832 protein-coding genes. Genome mining tools were used to identify an antimicrobial compound gene cluster. Additionally, E. faecalis AQ10 exhibited probiotic characteristics in vivo and antibacterial effects in vitro, with organic acids potentially contributing to its anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae activity. Metabolomics analyses revealed that the supernatant of E. faecalis AQ10 contained seven organic acids. In conclusion, E. faecalis AQ10 demonstrates significant probiotic potential and may be a suitable candidate for use in livestock and poultry breeding.
SspA is a transcriptional regulator of CRISPR adaptation in E. coli
Authors: Lopez Santiago C , Lee Yumie , Zhang Karen , Shipman Seth L
Published: December 2024

The CRISPR integrases Cas1-Cas2 create immunological memories of viral infection by storing phage-derived DNA in CRISPR arrays, a process known as CRISPR adaptation. A number of host factors have been shown to influence adaptation, but the full pathway from infection to a fully integrated, phage-derived sequences in the array remains incomplete. Here, we deploy a new CRISPRi-based screen to identify putative host factors that participate in CRISPR adaptation in the Escherichia coli Type I-E system. Our screen and subsequent mechanistic characterization reveal that SspA, through its role as a global transcriptional regulator of cellular stress, is required for functional CRISPR adaptation. One target of SspA is H-NS, a known repressor of CRISPR interference proteins, but we find that the role of SspA on adaptation is not H-NS-dependent. We propose a new model of CRISPR-Cas defense that includes independent cellular control of adaptation and interference by SspA.
Sequestration of ribosomal subunits as inactive 80S by targeting eIF6 limits mitotic exit and cancer progression
Authors: Roshan Poonam , Biswas Aparna , Ahmed Sinthyia , Anagnos Stella , Luebbers Riley , Harish Kavya , Li Megan , Nguyen Nicholas , Zhou Gao , Tedeschi Frank , Hathuc Vivian , Lin Zhenguo , Hamilton Zachary , Origanti Sofia
Published: December 2024

Moderating the pool of active ribosomal subunits is critical for maintaining global translation rates. A factor crucial for modulating the 60S ribosomal subunit is eukaryotic translation initiation factor-6 (eIF6). Release of eIF6 from the 60S subunit is essential to permit 60S interactions with the 40S subunit. Here, using the eIF6-N106S mutant, we show that disrupting eIF6 interaction with the 60S subunit leads to an increase in vacant 80S ribosomes. It further highlights a dichotomy in the anti-association activity of eIF6 that is distinct from its role in 60S subunit biogenesis and shows that nucleolar localization of eIF6 is not dependent on BCCIP chaperone and uL14. Limiting active ribosomal pools markedly deregulates translation especially in mitosis and leads to chromosome segregation defects, mitotic exit delays and mitotic catastrophe. Ribo-seq analysis of eIF6-N106S mutant shows a significant downregulation in the translation efficiencies of mitotic factors and specifically transcripts with long 3′ untranslated regions. eIF6-N106S mutation also limits cancer invasion, and this role is correlated with overexpression of eIF6 only in high-grade invasive cancers suggesting that deregulation of eIF6 is probably not an early event in cancers. Thus, this study highlights the segregation of eIF6 functions and its role in moderating 80S ribosome availability for translation, mitosis and cancer progression.
Role of Altmetric Attention Scores in Evaluating the Influence of Spine Surgery Research
Authors: Tarawneh Omar , Narayanan Rajkishen , Dalton Jonathan , Oris Robert J. , Brush Parker , Opara Olivia , Trenchfield Delano , Lee Yunsoo , Vadhera Amar , Glover Abbey , Pineda Nathaniel , Jain Pranav , Kim Andrew , Kurd Mark F. , Kaye Ian D. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: December 2024

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Objective:

To analyze the annual trends in the most prevalent topics, journals, and geographic regions of the top 100 spine surgery articles, as determined by altmetric attention scores (AASs). We also describe the relationship between AAS and traditional article metrics.

Background:

The rapid growth of social media has transformed how medical literature is disseminated and perceived, including within the field of spine surgery. AAS is a metric that characterizes an article’s reach and impact in various online sources.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the Altmetric database to identify the top 100 spine surgery articles by AAS from 2015 to 2020 across 8 leading spine journals. Article topics, geographic origins, and publishing journals were analyzed. Correlation analyses were performed between AAS and traditional metrics.

Results:

Five hundred forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority were published in Spine (34.4%), The
Spine Journal (25.7%), European Spine Journal (15.0%), and Journal of Neurosurgery
: Spine (14.2%). North America and Europe were the predominant regions of origin. The most common topics were injections (12.2%), diagnostics (11.8%), and complications (11.3%). A weak correlation was found between AAS and traditional metrics such as impact factor (Pearson coefficient = 0.041), total citations (0.051), and citations per year (0.048).

Conclusions:

Although AAS provides insights into the public and online engagement of articles, it shows only a weak correlation with traditional metrics. Therefore, AAS should be considered a complementary metric for gauging the impact of research. In the era of social media, authors should continue to promote their research to broaden readership, however further investigation into characterizing article impact is warranted.
Oligometastatic Disease Is Not an Absolute Contraindication to Pelvic Exenteration in Selected Patients With Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
Authors: Vu Jennifer K. , Brown Kilian G. M. , Solomon Michael J. , Ng Kheng-Seong , Mahon Kate , Le Bernard K. , Sutherland Sarah , Lee Peter J. , Byrne Christopher M. , Austin Kirk K. S. , Steffens Daniel
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer has evolved dramatically in recent decades. As the boundaries of exenterative surgery continue to be pushed, one of the unanswered and controversial questions is the role of radical salvage surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer in the setting of oligometastatic disease.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the impact of synchronous or previously treated distant metastases on survival following pelvic exenteration for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

DESIGN:

Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database.

SETTINGS:

A high-volume specialist exenteration center.

PATIENTS:

Consecutive adult patients undergoing pelvic exenteration with curative intent for locally recurrent rectal cancer between 1994 and 2023.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Overall survival from time of pelvic exenteration.

RESULTS:

Of the 300 patients included, 193 (64%) were male and the median age was 62 years (range, 29-86). Median time from primary rectal cancer surgery to pelvic exenteration was 35 months (range, 4-191). In total, 56 patients (19%) had a history of metastatic disease; of which 42 (14%) had previously treated metastases and 18 patients (6%) had synchronous metastatic disease (including 4 patients with both synchronous and previously treated metastases). Five-year and median overall survival was 41% and 45 months, respectively. There was a trend toward poorer 5-year overall survival in patients with a history of metastatic disease compared to those without (25% vs 45%); however, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.110), possibly due to lack of statistical power. Five-year overall survival was 27%, 25% and 45% for patients with synchronous metastases, previously treated metastases, and no history of metastases, respectively (p = 0.260).

LIMITATIONS:

Findings may not be applicable beyond highly selected patients treated at specialized exenteration centers.

CONCLUSIONS:

Long-term survival is achievable in highly selected patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer and synchronous or previously treated distant metastases. Therefore, oligometastatic disease should not be considered an absolute contraindication to exenterative surgery. See Video Abstract.