bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marital Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Spirituality
Authors: Kasapoğlu Figen , Yabanigül Ayşenur
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of spirituality in the relationship between couples’ marital satisfaction and life satisfaction. The study was conducted following the relational design, one of the quantitative research methods. The study group included 586 married individuals residing in Istanbul, Turkey, of whom 525 were female and 61 were male. Three scales, the Married Life Scale the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the “Spiritual Orientation Scale, were used together with a demographic information form to collect data for the study. Moreover, descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyzes were conducted over the course of the study. The analysis findings demonstrated that marital satisfaction predicted life satisfaction and spirituality, that spirituality predicted life satisfaction, and that spirituality played a partial mediating role in the relation between marital satisfaction and life satisfaction. In other words, it was determined that marital satisfaction had both a direct and, via spirituality, a indirect impact on life satisfaction. The findings are discussed in light of the literature.
The Bidirectional Spirituality Scale: Construction and Initial Evidence for Validity
Authors: Williamson W. Paul , Ahmad Aneeq
Published: May 2020

This study presents the development and construction of the 16-item Bidirectional Spirituality Scale (BSS), which is based on the theory of vertical and horizontal spirituality. Vertical spirituality focuses on that involving one’s relationship with God, whereas horizontal spirituality is concerned with one’s relations with people and attunement to meaning and purpose. Using data from 239 USA participants, exploratory factor analysis has produced three factors: vertical spirituality (VS; 8 items); horizontal spirituality-others (HS-O; 4 items); and horizontal spirituality-existential (HS-E; 4 items). A partial confirmatory factor analysis has confirmed the three-factor model. For research purposes, HS-O and HS-E can be combined to produce an 8-item horizontal spirituality scale to complement the 8-item VS scale. Further analyses have found preliminary evidence for both convergent and discriminant validity. Because of its sound psychometric properties, the BSS appears to be a useful, brief instrument for discriminating both religious and non-religious spirituality.
Perception of Spirituality among Substance Addicts with Incarceration Experience: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ceylan İsa , Metcalf-White Liam
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the role of spirituality in a recovery context by drawing on qualitative research conducted at a residential recovery community in North Wales, United Kingdom. The study aimed to examine perceptions of spirituality among exprisoners and people identifying as in recovery from addiction. The researchers explored ideas of “spiritual coping” and “spiritual wellbeing” in terms of meaning, purpose, connectedness, forgiveness, and peace in addiction treatment programs influenced by 12-Step models, for instance, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Also, this paper focuses on both spiritual counseling services shaped by pre-determined meanings and values and secondly, on individuals’ perceptions about spirituality through the language of desires, needs, and expectations. The data for this research produced from five semi-structured interviews with male individuals who had recovered from their addiction and had practised some custodial life. To discover the common context of different perceptions of the language spirituality, the data was coded by the first and second loop encodings from the data analysis methods used. The central schemes that appear as “Spirituality in Experiences, Spirituality in Values, Spirituality as Meaning/Purpose of Life, Spirituality as Attachment, Spirituality as Coping Mechanism” have been evaluated within the framework of the concept of spirituality. In the conclusion of this study, it was observed that spirituality was used as a coping mechanism for buffering the sensation of hopelessness and powerlessness often experienced by people in active addiction.
Atatürk Dönemi Ekonomi Politikalarına Yönelik Yapılmış Olan Çalışmaların Analizi
Authors: ŞENEL UZUNKAYA Seçil
Published: May 2020

Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti ilk kurulduğu yıllarda ekonomik anlamda oldukça olumsuz şartlara
sahiptir. Bunun en temel nedeni, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan devralınan yüksek
tutarlı borçlar ve savaşlarda hayatını kaybeden genç nüfusun ülkedeki işgücünü
olumsuz etkilemesidir. Bu ekonomik olumsuzlukları minimum seviyelere
indirebilmek ve ülkenin ekonomik anlamda kalkınabilmesini sağlayabilmek
amacıyla Atatürk tarafından bir dizi ekonomi politikaları uygulanmıştır. İki
farklı dönem aralığında incelenebilen bu politikaların ilki 1923 ve 1929 dönem
aralığını kapsayan dışa açık ekonomi modelidir. Bunun ardından, 1929-1938 dönem
aralığını kapsayan devletçi ekonomi uygulamaları söz konusudur. Atatürk
tarafından uygulanan bu ekonomi politikalarının çok başarılı sonuçlar verdiği
görülmektedir. Bu büyük başarı literatürde birçok yazarın da araştırma konusunu
oluşturmuştur.  Bu çalışmada da Atatürk
döneminde uygulanan ekonomi politikalarını konu eden çalışmaların analiz
edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ulusal ve uluslararası yazında taranan bazı
makalelerin detayları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Atatürk’ün para
ve maliye politikalarının detaylıca açıklandığı tarihsel bir çalışmanın
bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Belirtilen hususa ek olarak, Atatürk’ün ekonomi
politikalarına yönelik sayısal verilerin dikkate alınarak istatistiki bir
analizin yapılacağı yeni bir çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir.
Medine Pazarı Perspektifinde Muhtesib ve Agoranomos Karşılaştırması
Authors: KALKAVAN Hakan
Published: May 2020

Medine’ye hicret ile birlikte Müslümanların ticari faaliyetlerini İslam’ın kurallarına uygun olarak
yapabilecekleri bir pazar ihtiyacı hissedilmişti. Medine pazarı olarak adlandırılacak bu pazar bizzat
Hz. Peygamber’in vaz ettiği emir ve yasaklara göre oluşturulmuştur. Medine pazarının kendine özgü
kuralları ve uygulamaları vardı. Çarşı ve pazarda yapılan ticari işlemlerin İslami kurallara ve ahlaka
uygunluğunu denetleyen müessesenin adı hisbe olarak tanımlanmış, devlet tarafından
görevlendirilen denetçiler ise muhtesib kelimesiyle adlandırılmıştır. Öte tarafta Grekçe bir kelime
olan agoranamos pazar denetçisi anlamına gelmektedir. Agora şehrin merkezi, agoranomos da
merkezinden sorumlu kişiydi. Roma döneminde agoranomos pazar denetçisi olarak pazar vergilerini
ve cezaları toplamak, pazar asayişini sağlamak, suçluları kırbaçlamak, yolların temizliğini
sağlamak, fiyatları kontrol etmek, yeterli gıdanın olup olmadığını gözetmek gibi mesuliyetleri vardı.
Muhtesib ile Agoranomos pazar denetçisi olarak benzer birçok fonksiyona sahip olmakla birlikte,
gerek kavramsal olarak farklı hususiyete sahip olmak gerekse de pratik uygulamalarda farklı
kuralları uygulamak açısından farklılaşırlar.
The Relation Between Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investments and Employment: Granger Causality Test for Turkish Economy
Authors: ÜNSAL Mehmet Emre
Published: May 2020

Financial development and foreign direct investments are expected to affect employment positively by contributing to economic growth. Within the framework of this expectation, this study aims to investigate how financial development and foreign direct investments in Turkish economy affect employment. For this purpose, a Time Series Analysis is carried out by using the data on Turkish economy for the period of 1988-2017. In this analysis, employment is selected as the dependent variable, while financial development and foreign direct investments are chosen as the independent variables. According to the results of the Johansen Cointegration Test, there is no long-term causality between the variables. Based on the results of the Granger Causality Test that is carried out based on the VAR model, there is a positive causality from both financial development and foreign direct investments towards employment in the short-term.
Merkez Bankalarının Faiz Politikalarının Döviz Kuru Üzerindeki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi
Authors: YÜKSEL Serhat , DİNÇER Hasan , KIYAK Özgür
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada TCMB tarafından uygulanan faiz politikasının döviz kuru üzerinde etkili olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, faiz oranı değişkeni için TCMB’nin gösterge faiz oranı ve ağırlıklı ortalama fon maliyeti (AOFM), döviz kuru değişkeni için ise dolar kuru dikkate alınmıştır. Söz konusu değişkenlere ait 2011:01-2018:02 dönem aralığındaki aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Öte yandan, belirtilen amaca ulaşabilmek için Engle-Granger eşbütünleşme ve Toda Yamamoto nedensellik analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, TCMB tarafından uygulanan faiz politikasının döviz kuru üzerinde etkili olduğu, fakat bu ilişkinin nedensellik boyutunda olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Belirtilen bu sonuç Türkiye’deki döviz kuru üzerinde faiz oranı dışında da etkili olan başka faktörlerin bulunduğu bilgisini vermektedir. Netice itibarıyla, Türkiye’deki döviz kuru değişikliklerinin kontrol altına alınabilmesi için araç olarak sadece faiz oranının kullanılmaması, diğer başka faktörlerin de dikkate alınması ilgili problemin çözümünde daha etkili olacaktır.
Yenilikçi Örgüt İklimi: İşe Adanma Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BAYKAL Elif
Published: May 2020

İnovasyon, işletmelerin yeni fikir ve ürünler geliştirerek piyasada yeni yerler edinmeleri ya da olan pozisyonlarını daha da güçlendirmeleridir. Örgütlerin daha yenilikçi yani inovatif davranabilmeleri için örgüt kültürlerinin de yeniliğe açık ve teşvik eder yapıda olması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada yenilikçi örgüt ikliminin çalışanların işe adanmaları üzerinde olumlu etkisi olacağı öngörülmüş ve bu ilişkiyi test etmek için Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren kurumsal şirketlerde görev yapan beyaz yakalı çalışanlar üzerinde bir saha araştırması düzenlenmiştir. İlgili saha araştırmasında 203 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya Araştırma sonuçları SPSS 20. ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle yenilikçi örgüt iklimi ve işe adanma kavramları üzerinde durulmuş daha sonra da bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen saha araştırmasına ait sonuçların analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre hipotezlerde varsayıldığı gibi yenilikçi örgüt iklimi çalışanların işe adanma eğilimleri üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı: Kuramsal Bir Çalışma
Authors: POLAT DEDE Nurten
Published: May 2020

Rekabetin günden güne arttığı globalleşen dünyada, nitelikli çalışanların örgütler için avantaj unsuru olarak görülmesi insana ve insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarına verilen önemi arttırmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar ile birlikte çalışanlarda olumlu iş davranışları gözlemlenmektedir. Bu olumlu iş davranışlarından biri de örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışıdır. Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı kavramı; bireylerin örgüte olan görevleri ve sorumlulukları dışında göstermiş oldukları fazladan çaba olarak ifade edilir. Gösterilen bu çaba, çalışanın tamamen kendi isteğiyle örgüt amaçlarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirdiği davranışlardır. Bu çalışmada örgütsel vatandaşlık kavramının boyutları, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının ortaya çıkmasında önemli etkenler ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının işletmeler açısından sonuçları üzerinde çalışılarak literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Mali Disiplini Sağlamada Mali Kurallar: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler İçin Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama
Authors: KARAYAZI Mehtap , TAŞ Seyhan
Published: May 2020

Mali kurallar, mali disiplini sağlamak amacıyla kamu maliyesinin özet göstergeleri olarak kabul edilen harcama, borç, gelir ve bütçe açıkları üzerine getirilen sayısal kısıtlamalardan oluşmaktadır. Mali kurallar 1970’li yıllardan sonra, artan kamu borçları ve bütçe açıklarını kontrol etmek amacıyla tartışılmaya başlanmış ve 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren hızla yayılmıştır. Bu çalışmada mali kuralların mali disiplini sağlamadaki rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışma ulusal ölçekte sayısal mali kural uygulayan 31 gelişmiş ülke ile 35 gelişmekte olan ülkeyi kapsamaktadır. Çalışma dönemi 1985-2015 olarak belirlenmiştir. Analiz için dengesiz panel veri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre mali kurallar gelişmiş ülkelerde mali disiplini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Gelişmiş ülkelerin mali yapıları ve kapsamlı kurumsal düzenlemeleri mali kuralların pozitif etkisini artırmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise bu etki zayıf ya da negatiftir.
Strengthening Reserves of The Central Bank of The Republic of Turkey (CBRT): An Examination for Transferring Treasury’s Share in Profit to Reserves and Increasing Treasury’s Share in CBRT
Authors: KARTAL Mustafa Tevfik
Published: May 2020

The study is prepared to strengthen reserves of CBRT. For this purpose, a set of proposals, consisting of transferring Treasury’s share in profit to reserves and increasing Treasury’s share in CBRT, is developed. Effects of the proposals are analyzed by using data, which are gathered from electronic data distribution system and web site of CBRT, for the period of 2000-2018. According to analysis results, total additional reserves of USD 29.7 billion would be accumulated by applying the first proposal for the period. When taking into consideration that CBRT's net reserves is USD 30.2 billion as of 2019 March end, it turns out how effective this recommendation is. In addition to the first proposal, much more reserves would be accumulated faster by adopting the proposal with the increasing Treasury’s share in CBRT which is equal 55% currently. With the implementation of this proposal, the accumulation of reserves would reach to USD 45.8 billion for the period of 2000-2018. While CBRT reserves show a significant decline nowadays, the implementation of the proposals recommended in the study will contribute significantly to increase in CBRT reserves.
Örgütsel Sinizm ile Bireysel Performans İlişkisi: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma
Authors: DOĞAN Edip , AKTAŞ Kadir , KILINÇ Erman
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, eğitim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren çalışanların örgütsel sinizm düzeyleri ile bireysel performansları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Alan araştırması kapsamında eğitim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 150 çalışana üç bölümden oluşan anket formları elektronik ortamda dağıtılmıştır. Anketlerin birinci bölümünde demografik değişkenler, ikinci bölümünde örgütsel sinizm ölçeği ve üçüncü bölümünde bireysel performans ölçeği yer almaktadır. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 ve Excel 2016 programları vasıtasıyla değerlendirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Uygulama aşamasında verilere öncelikle güvenilirlik, normallik ve faktör analizleri yapılmış ve son olarak korelasyon tablosu oluşturularak bağımsız ve bağımlı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; örgütsel sinizmin ve tüm alt boyutlarının bireysel performans ile negatif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın, örgütlerde sıklıkla görülen örgütsel sinizm probleminin çözümüne ve örgütsel sinizmin bireysel performans üzerindeki negatif etkilerinin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Governing Blocks: Building Interagency Consensus to Coordinate Humanitarian Aid
Authors: Awan Farah , Nunhuck Soheib
Published: May 2020

The conflict in Syria has led to one of the biggest refugee crises in history. An estimated 660,000 Syrian refugees have moved to neighbouring Jordan, many of whom are highly vulnerable to monetary poverty and food shortages. To reduce the daily inequalities faced by Syrian refugees, humanitarian agencies are progressively shifting to programmes that encourage financial inclusion and self-reliance. Operating since 2016, Building Blocks, a cash-based assistance programme created by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), uses blockchain technology rather than traditional financial service providers to supply monetary assistance for food purchases by Syrian refugees in Jordan. Beneficiaries have their identities confirmed though iris scanning when purchasing goods at supermarkets within the camps. Following authentication, monetary assistance is provided to complete the transaction. This system benefits over 100,000 Syrian refugees registered on the UNHCR’s PRIMES database and WFP has plans to scale up the programme to include more beneficiaries.

This technology assessment focuses on understanding the governance of blockchain technology in Building Blocks (if any), and on finding opportunities for WFP operating partner agencies consisting of UNHCR, UNICEF, UN Women, Oxfam and Mercy Corps, to coordinate with and join the programme. Scaling up Building Blocks will benefit refugees and displaced people by giving these individuals a semblance of normalcy in a situation of vulnerability and crises. We advise WFP to collaborate with its partners to form a blockchain humanitarian consortia governing Building Blocks to avoid duplicating efforts and to achieve their shared objectives of delivering humanitarian aid in a sustainable manner. Other recommendations include to have UNOCHA and UNHCR as data aggregator and coordinator, respectively, to grant joint access to PRIMES for non-UN operating partners, to coordinate efforts with UNHCR’s Common Cash Facility programme, to consider renewable energy sources and to build local technical capacity for women in refugee camps. The involvement of operating partners in governing technology used in such processes will ensure equity of aid delivery, resulting in a broader governance, thus reducing inequality.
New Analysis Tools and Leadership Model for A Modern UN
Authors: Bienz Tobias , Schismenos Spyros , Stevens Garry , Georgeou Nichole
Published: May 2020

Digitalization has disrupted the way products are distributed. With this came an influx of products that depend on network effects and thrive in a winner-takes-all market environment (Schilling 2002). A similar trend is being observed in many frontier technologies, including applications in the so-called ‘gig economy’, which will create winners and losers. Simultaneously, governments are experiencing an erosion of their tax base (Peng 2016). These resources are desperately needed to tackle the widening digital divide, combatting the lack of electricity, and providing internet access to the poorest (International Energy Agency 2017). The current strategy of the United Nations (UN) shows promise. However, the way the UN currently operates has not been adapted to meet the challenges of a digital economy. This is often observed in global-to-local applications, especially when generalized frameworks fail to adapt to communities with different characteristics and needs. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a guiding light to rally stakeholders around specific key issues and opens the field for collaboration. The UN is in a unique position to convince all participants to engage in negotiations, to mobilize substantial resources, and has the best chance to get concessions on restrictive systems such as the intellectual property arrangements (Haugen 2010). Systems need to be in place to facilitate technology transfers and capacities need to be built up to give the least developed countries (LDCs) a chance of catching up. The UN needs to bring international institutions, governments, civil society, academia, and the private sector to the table to enable LDCs to determine their own future (Moyo 2010). The UN should introduce more heuristic analysis tools to bring more diverse partners into workable collaborations to address these challenges. A new leadership system should also be introduced to provide clearer direction and autonomy to their contributors.
Preventing Racial Bias in Federal AI
Authors: Livingston Morgan
Published: May 2020

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used by the US federal government to replace or support decision making. AI is a computer-based system trained to recognize patterns in data and to apply these patterns to form predictions about new data for a specific task. AI is often viewed as a neutral technological tool, bringing efficiency, objectivity and accuracy to administrative functions, citizen access to services, and regulatory enforcement. However, AI can also encode and amplify the biases of society. Choices on design, implementation, and use can embed existing racial inequalities into AI, leading to a racially biased AI system producing inaccurate predictions or to harmful consequences for racial groups. Racially discriminatory AI systems have already affected public systems such as criminal justice, healthcare, financial systems and housing. This memo addresses the primary causes for the development, deployment and use of racially biased AI systems and suggests three responses to ensure that federal agencies realize the benefits of AI and protect against racially disparate impact. There are three actions that federal agencies must take to prevent racial bias: 1) increase racial diversity in AI designers, 2) implement AI impact assessment, 3) establish procedures for staff to contest automated decisions. Each proposal addresses a different stage in the lifecycle of AI used by federal agencies and helps align US policy with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles on Artificial Intelligence.
Appraising Financial Development Indicators and Capital Market Performance
Authors: Agbada Andrew Omosioni
Published: May 2020

This study appraised empirically Financial Development Indicators (FDIs) and Capital Market Performance in Nigeria. While Financial Depth, Financial Access and Financial Efficiency served as proxy for FDIs and independent variable; Market Capitalization was used as proxy for Capital Market Performance and the dependent variable. Primary data were sourced employing Survey design and analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, (PPMCC) technique denoted by ‘r’. The robustness of findings which showed that hypotheses one (H01) and two (H02) exhibited high coefficients and passed the test of significance led us to conclude that the variables: Financial Depth and Financial Access are relevant to policies formulated to affect Market Capitalization in Nigeria. However, hypothesis three (H03) portends rather low results suggesting that though a positive relationship exists between Financial Efficiency and Market Capitalization, the strength of relationship is moderate and cannot be considered too relevant to policies formulated to affect Market Capitalization in Nigeria. We therefore recommend that financial sector authorities and stakeholders should ensure that innovative facilities and policies that enable access to finance; that give ability to financial markets to imbibe large trade volumes be put instituted to facilitate proper development of the sector and that serious attention should be given to on-the-job-training, retraining and financial courses for employees to acquire industry knowledge of the job in order to enhance their performance.
MOONA SOFTWARE FOR SURVEY CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF CRITERIA TO SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING FOR PROPERTIES PORTFOLIO
Authors: Baierle Ismael Cristofer , Schaefer Jones Luis , Sellitto Miguel Afonso , Fava Leandro Pinto , Furtado João Carlos , Nara Elpidio Oscar Benitez
Published: May 2020

The MOORA for Neural Networks Analysis (MONNA) software was created to classify variables and evaluate the degree of correlation between them, helping to choose a property portfolio and facilitating decision making involving multiple criteria. The MONNA software presents the classification of the alternatives calculated automatically by the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) and provides a Global Average Rate (GAR). Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) analysis provides the degree of correlation between variables and uses GAR as the output parameter. The degree of correlation between the variables allows us to assess whether these variables are dependent on each other and can capture customer preferences. For the application we used a survey that sought to know the preferences of customers, which will serve to make the decision of which properties should be part of the company’s portfolio. The contribution and originality of the MONNA software is that through the integration of the MOORA and ANN methods, the classification and criterion evaluation calculations are faster and standardized. The use of software by decision makers helps to have more accurately find and classify available options, preventing simulations from being done by iterative processes and providing validated numerical data for management evaluation.
A Solar Magnetic-fan Flaring Arch Heated by Nonthermal Particles and Hot Plasma from an X-Ray Jet Eruption
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Sun , Hara Hirohisa , Watanabe Kyoko , Joshi Anand D. , Brooks David H. , Imada Shinsuke , Prasad Avijeet , Dang Phillip , Shimizu Toshifumi , Savage Sabrina L. , Moore Ronald , Panesar Navdeep K. , Reep Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2020

We have investigated an M1.3 limb flare, which develops as a magnetic loop/arch that fans out from an X-ray jet. Using Hinode/EIS, we found that the temperature increases with height to a value of over 107 K at the loop top during the flare. The measured Doppler velocity (redshifts of 100–500 km s−1) and the nonthermal velocity (≥100 km s−1) from Fe xxiv also increase with loop height. The electron density increases from 0.3 × 109 cm−3 early in the flare rise to 1.3 × 109 cm−3 after the flare peak. The 3D structure of the loop derived with Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory/EUV Imager indicates that the strong redshift in the loop-top region is due to upflowing plasma originating from the jet. Both hard X-ray and soft X-ray emission from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager were only seen as footpoint brightenings during the impulsive phase of the flare, then, soft X-ray emission moved to the loop top in the decay phase. Based on the temperature and density measurements and theoretical cooling models, the temperature evolution of the flare arch is consistent with impulsive heating during the jet eruption followed by conductive cooling via evaporation and minor prolonged heating in the top of the fan loop. Investigating the magnetic field topology and squashing factor map from Solar Dynamics Observatory/HMI, we conclude that the observed magnetic-fan flaring arch is mostly heated from low atmospheric reconnection accompanying the jet ejection, instead of from reconnection above the arch as expected in the standard flare model.
Variation in species richness, composition and herpetological community structure across a tropical habitat gradient of Palawan Island, Philippines
Authors: Supsup Christian E. , Asis Augusto A. , Carestia Jr Uldarico V. , Diesmos Arvin C. , Mallari Neil Aldrin D. , Brown Rafe M.
Published: May 2020

Information on species richness and community structure is invaluable for guiding conservation and management of biodiversity, but is rarely available in the megadiverse biodiversity conservation hotspot of Philippines – particularly for amphibians and reptiles. This study provides the first report and characterisation of amphibians and reptile communities across primary habitat types of the Victoria-Anepahan Mountain Range on Palawan Island along the western edge of the archipelago. A total of 41 amphibian and reptile species were recorded throughout our sampling sites (n = 27 species) or in targeted habitat searches (14 species). A species richness estimator predicted that 35 species may be present in our sampling sites, suggesting that a significant proportion of secretive species may continue to be unrecorded, especially for reptiles. Higher species richness was found in secondary growth than in mixed-use agricultural areas or even pristine forest. The low species richness recorded from pristine forest types may be due to these forests now being restricted to higher elevations where species diversity has been documented to decrease. Our results also show that complex community structures (species assemblages) are to be equally expected in both secondary growth and pristine forests. Together, our results show how species richness and community assemblages may vary across habitats, highlighting that old growth forest does not always support higher species richness, particularly in high elevations.
Analyzing of the Evolution of the Field of E-Government and Trending Research Topics
Authors: Alcaide-Muñoz Laura , Alcaide-Muñoz Cristina , Rodríguez Bolívar Manuel Pedro
Published: May 2020

e-Government is a research topic that arouses the interest of many researchers all around the world. So, we can find a large number of studies and research projects published about this topic. Given the large number of articles that exist in the literature, it is not possible to get an idea of the evolution shown by the field of study and see the topics that are not receiving attention from researchers. The objective of this chapter is an analysis of the academic literature on e-government and the evolution of this field of knowledge. These findings allow us to have a clear idea of the evolution of e-government field, the disappeared research topics, and those that are currently in a lively debate. This analysis could be of interest to identify the trend in research of the e-government field of knowledge, as well as to examine the specialization of certain research topics.
Strategies for Managing E-Records for Good Governance
Authors: Tsabedze Vusi Wonderboy
Published: May 2020

Management of e-records has become an exponential factor that requires adequate consideration and planning in this era of digital technology. The use of e-records becomes significant such that e-government must implement its management for good governance in the public sector. As government of Eswatini is pursuing strategies to implement e-government, strategies to enhance the effectiveness of e-government programmes and operation becomes essential. This would help promote transparency, accountability, and good governance using information and communication technologies. The objective of this chapter is to determine infrastructure and strategies for managing e-records in an e-government context, to determine the risks of managing e-records as a strategic resource, and lastly, to look at prospects of e-records management in Eswatini. The chapter reviews the situation in Eswatini, drawing from other cases in the world.
Explaining Government Crowdsourcing Decisions
Authors: Yavuz Nilay , Karkın Naci , Sevinç Çubuk Ecem Buse
Published: May 2020

Crowdsourcing online has been popularly utilized especially among business organizations to achieve efficiency and effectiveness goals and to obtain a competitive advantage in the market. With the governments' increasing interest in using information and communication technologies for a variety of purposes, including generation of public value(s) and innovative practices, online crowdsourcing has also entered into the public administration domain. Accordingly, studies have investigated critical success factors for governmental crowdsourcing, or explored citizen participation in crowdsourcing activities in case studies. However, governmental decision to adopt online crowdsourcing as innovation has not been sufficiently examined in the extant literature. The objective of this chapter is to propose a theoretical model that explains the government adoption of crowdsourcing. Based on the review of case studies on governmental crowdsourcing, an integrated theoretical model of factors affecting government crowdsourcing decisions is developed.
A Muddied Journey
Authors: Crosby Cherie
Published: May 2020

This chapter will examine the pitfalls an early childhood educator faces while learning to develop strategies to build successful relationships with diverse families. The chapter will provide several key strategies that will allow early childhood educators to build confidence in themselves and families to secure the foundation needed for successful school-family partnerships. This chapter focuses on supporting social-emotional development, family structure, and seeing families as partners in providing high-quality experiences for their child.
Projecting Success
Authors: Thomas Ursula , Parham Frederick D.
Published: May 2020

Changing the trajectory of Black male students may not yet be a national conversation, but it's on the national radar screen. The success of Black males has increasingly become a topic of research, dialogue, debate, and strategic planning. As we engage in the conversation, however, talking with Black male students is a reminder that we're educating kids, not statistics, and that, as one Black student affirms, “The truth doesn't live in numbers. It lives in the person.” The challenges facing Black males throughout the educational pipeline have been discussed by researchers in detail. However, missing from this research are discussions from the perspective of researchers, educators, and community members united on how to better support Black males. This case study examines the field placement partnership between Perimeter College and Project Success: 100 Black Men of Atlanta. The case study documents the goals, plans, and outcomes of the three-year partnership.
Replicating Success
Authors: Bean Kevin
Published: May 2020

The education of young Black males has long been an essential conversation in the Black community, but it is on the cusp of being a centralized, national conversation. With the advent of My Brother's Keeper and other initiatives through the White House and our federal government structure, the dialogue and debate have become absolutely essential yet complex. Nonprofit organizations who have labeled themselves as accountable to this dialogue in this population grapple with ways to create infrastructure that supports the success of Black males. This case study examines one leader's strategic approach to closing the achievement gap and providing mentoring with African American males through the pillars of the nonprofit organization he represents.
Streamlined Partnership Development
Authors: Nichols Sandra C. , Kim Sunyoung
Published: May 2020

Family engagement in the education of young children with disabilities is complex and can be overwhelming, especially for those from marginalized backgrounds. Subsequently, voices of families of color from low socioeconomic status are frequently silenced. Two issues that often affect this silencing are cultural differences and conflicting educational views. While we know the importance of establishing multi-disciplinary teams that support and encourage engagement of families from marginalized backgrounds, this seldom occurs. The present case study demonstrates how utilizing a partnership development process supported successful engagement in the multi-disciplinary team approach for the Blakemores, a family of color from a low socioeconomic background.
Chronicles of the Metro Atlanta P-20 Collaborative
Authors: Mayfield Felicia Moss
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to capture and chronicle four years of intense work involving the Metro Atlanta P-20 Collaborative. One of nine groups carved out and designated in Georgia, the Metro Atlanta P-20 focused on effective educator preparation. It aimed to lead to quality instruction for P-12 students based on a mutually beneficial partnership between P-12 schools and the colleges and universities that prepare their teachers. This case study will be helpful for replication when examining innovative methodologies in bridging the gap between schools and institutions of higher learning, especially with respect to educator preparation. Additionally, the work occurred within a professional learning community framework. Therefore, it provides a case study modeling productivity within this protocol.
Complexities of Coordinating Service-Learning Experiences in Rural Communities
Authors: Andrews Urkovia , Tarasenko Yelena , Holland Kara
Published: May 2020

Explored from the viewpoint of the faculty member, nonprofit director, and service-learning staff, this chapter provides insight into the complexity of the service-learning relationship in rural communities. Specifically, it provides perspectives that highlight the cultivation and maintenance of a relationship with a local nonprofit, challenges of incorporating and implementing a e-service-learning project in a hybrid format, and the outcome of the e-service-learning project between a graduate level public health course and a free medical clinic that serves the medically uninsured. These highlights will be discussed through sections detailing the geographical location of the area, through an overview of the local nonprofit community partner, which is a free medical clinic, a review of the community partners various university partnerships, an overview of e-service-learning within the graduate level course, the faculty member perspective, the community partner perspective, and the service-learning staff member perspective.
Research on Cross-Border Entrepreneurial Path of Core Enterprise Based on Ecological Advantage
Authors: Jiang Dake , Zhang Hong , Wang Lei , Liu Jin , Chang Linlin
Published: May 2020

In the business ecosystem, the core business niche is not occupied by a structural position; its objectives and strategies are easily dispersed, while the core business can't coordinate the business ecosystem elements. Therefore, the ecological advantages obtained by core enterprises in the process of self-organization evolution are not sustainable. To solve this problem, a possible way is to explore how core enterprises consolidate and form new ecological advantages from the perspective of cross-border business. However, the academic community has not discussed the evolution path of cross-border entrepreneurship in detail. For this reason, based on the perspective of ecological advantages, this chapter discusses the strategic path of cross-border entrepreneurship of core enterprises and constructs an interaction model between ecological advantages and core enterprises' cross-border entrepreneurial paths. The study broadens the understanding of the relationship between corporate strategies and business ecosystems, then provides theoretical value for subsequent research.
Financial Industry Under Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Authors: Du Xiaomin , Lang Xiangxiang
Published: May 2020

Due to the three functions of cost reduction, disintermediation, and information asymmetry, internet finance continues to impact the traditional banking business in the financial industry, posing a new competitive risk for commercial banks. In developing countries such as China, given the imperfect development of the financial market, the government needs to introduce a series of policies, but new policies will bring the risk of market uncertainty. Due to the double uncertainty of the market and the system in developing countries, commercial banks are caught between competitive and new policy risks. Therefore, exploring the impact of these two risks on the performance of commercial banks is very important to allow commercial banks to discern, resist, and respond to risks. This research uses the data of A-share listed banks for the past 10 years. Empirical research shows that internet finance and interest rate liberalization have a negative impact on bank performance. The liberalization of interest rates further increases the negative impact of internet finance on bank performance.
Entrepreneurial Passion, Cognitive Bias, and Technology Commercialization of New Ventures
Authors: Shan Biaoan , Yan Shuanghui , Lu Xifeng , Bi Datian
Published: May 2020

This chapter utilizes cognitive theory to explain how entrepreneurial passion influences the speed of new venture's technology commercialization and explore the roles of cognitive bias (illusion of control and risk propensity) played in this process. The results show that both entrepreneurial passion and cognitive bias positively impact on the speed of technology commercialization. The authors also find that illusion of control and risk propensity play a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and the speed of technology commercialization. This conclusion can make up for the gap of existing theoretical research.
The Role of Entrepreneurs in the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Authors: Yang Xiu , Yang Ting , Wang Yi , Wang Qing
Published: May 2020

This chapter introduces entrepreneurial self-efficacy, a psychological cognitive factor, into the context of entrepreneurship, trying to sort out the internal mechanism of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, dual entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial performance and construct a theoretical model. The hypothesis is that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive effect on both dual entrepreneurial learning and new venture performance. Dual entrepreneurial learning has a positive impact on the performance of new ventures and acts as a mediator between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance. The empirical results show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy can promote exploratory entrepreneurial learning and the improvement of new venture performance. Exploratory entrepreneurial learning plays a mediating role in the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the performance of start-ups, while entrepreneurial learning can't play a mediating role in the process of exploitative entrepreneurial learning.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship Guided by Policy Support in a Transitional Economy
Authors: Sheng Fan , Ge Baoshan , Zhang Shiying , Liu Xinyu
Published: May 2020

For countries in the process of economic transition, improvement of industrialization is no longer the sole goal of their economic development. While upgrading the level of industrial development, these countries also gradually attach importance to resource utilization efficiency and environmental protection, which is why sustainable entrepreneurship has become increasingly popular in recent years. With the intensification of policy guidance, a new “sea area” named sustainable entrepreneurship ushers in more and more “treasure hunters” exploring “the treasure” therein. Based on this, this chapter constructs the model of “Green Ocean Treasure Hunting” for green entrepreneurial enterprises to analyze the role played by their government's relevant policies and puts forward the research proposition of this chapter based on the relevant literature. On this basis, this chapter chooses and analyzes a medium-sized, high-tech enterprise in China that follows a certain typical green entrepreneurial process as evidence of the propositions the authors have put forward.
Quality Estimation for the Iron Ore Sinter Obtained via Separate Blend Preparation
Authors: Bochka Volodymyr , Sova Artem , Kieush Lina , Hryshyn Oleksandr , Dvoiehlazova Alisa
Published: May 2020

This paper reveals that obtaining high-quality sinter, improved or stabilized by its size and strength, is a challenge to be solved by embracing both the formation of sinter with the strong structure and the optimal mineralogical composition of its bonds during the preparation of the sintering blend. The existing technological schemes of iron ore sintering do not allow producing the sinter where the amounts of fines with 0-0.5 mm of fraction would be less than the typical amounts of 8.1-20.4%. Therefore, the study to establish how the blend preparation with the preliminary made composites affects the parameters of iron ore sintering process and the quality of the resulting sinter has been carried out. It has determined that the use of separate pre-granulation has commonly positive effects on the process of blend preparation, namely it significantly decreases the amount of non-granulated fraction of 0-1 mm and increases the equivalent diameter of the granules, reduces the standard deviation and variation coefficient, indicating the more homogeneous granulometric composition of raw granules.
Influence of Texture on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloy Tubes
Authors: Vakhrusheva Vira , Hruzin Nataliia , Tiutieriev Ihor , Malysh Oleksandr
Published: May 2020

Mechanical properties and texture of tube material formed in the process of tube production were studied. Texture in tubes was estimated by contractile strain ratio (CSR) according to requirements of the standard for tubes. Mechanical properties depend on CSR. Optimal values of mechanical properties were determined: ultimate strength, yield strength and relative elongation which provide CSR values within 1.3...3.5. The texture was evaluated in the process of tube manufacture. An increase in radial component of the texture leads to an increase in CSR. At high CSR values up to 3-3.5, tubes often do not withstand process tests for flattening and bending. Correction of CSR values is required. It was shown that an increase in ductility of tubes increases the value of CSR.
Effect of Time Voltage and Voltage of 1100 Aluminum Coating Using Chitosan Using Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Setyarini Puth H. , Gapsari Femiana , Setyawan Agil
Published: May 2020

Aluminum has mechanical properties such as light, easy to form, and the ability to conduct heat and electricity, but has less corrosion resistance properties. One effort to improve corrosion resistance in aluminum is by electrodeposition method. The electrodeposition process was carried out with a variation of time 10, 20, and 30 minutes and variations in voltage of 5 V, 10 V, and 15 V using AA 1100. The electrolyte used was a mixture of acetic acid and chitosan. Coating thickness measurement was carried out using NOVOTEST TP-1M coating thickness gauge, the corrosion rate was measured with 128N Autolab PGSTAT Potentiodynamic and surface roughness measurements using Mitutoyo SJ-210 Surface Roughness Tester. Based on the research data, it was found that the results of optimum layer thickness were obtained at 10 Volt variation of 20 minutes at 11 μm ± 0.04%. Specimens without treatment had the highest corrosion rate of 0.25541 mpy while the lowest corrosion rate was in the 10 variations of 20 minutes which produced 0.0078935 mpy. The surface roughness data of the specimen without treatment was 1.034 μm. The results of the smallest surface roughness were obtained at 10 V 20 minutes variation of 0.725 μm, while the largest surface roughness results in a variation of 15 V 30 minutes which was 2.529 μm. In this stud, it is known that the higher the time and stress used in the electrodeposition process results in greater corrosion rates, because it produces a higher layer thickness but results in higher surface roughness as well.
The History of Gas Hydrates Studies: From Laboratory Curiosity to a New Fuel Alternative
Authors: Kozhevnykov Anatolii , Khomenko Volodymyr , Liu Bao Chang , Kamyshatskyi Oleksandr , Pashchenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2020

This paper is devoted to the history of exploration of sintezed and natural gas hydrate. Academic, engineering and energy periods of the history of gas hydrates studies are described. The most significant researches in this area are described. The main practical projects in the world for the study and production of gas hydrates are reviewed.