bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Selective Formation of Unsaturated Carboxylic and Phenylacetic Acids from Diketene.
Authors: Mori Takamichi , Akioka Yusuke , Kawahara Hisaho , Ninokata Ryo , Onodera Gen , Kimura Masanari
Published: February 2015

The Ni(acac)2‐catalyzed reaction of diketene with alkynes is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Versatile Nitrate‐Promoted C—H Bond Fluorination.
Authors: Lou Shao‐Jie , Xu Dan‐Qian , Xu Zhen‐Yuan
Published: February 2015

A novel selective fluorination reaction of aromatic and olefinic ketoximes is developed using NSFI as fluorine source in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst and KNO3 or AgNO3 as co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate [Hmim][BF4]: An Efficient Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Insertion of α‐Diazo Compounds into the N—H Bonds of Amines.
Authors: Akbari Jafar , Ebrahimi Ali , Heydari Akbar
Published: February 2015

The simple process proceeds under solvent‐free conditions to give insertion products of primary and secondary amines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalyst‐Free and Chemoselective Synthesis of Azobenzenes from Nitrobenzenes.
Authors: Gund Sitaram H. , Shelkar Radheshyam S. , Nagarkar Jayashree M.
Published: February 2015

Azobenzenes (II) are synthesized by a selective, controlled, cost effective, mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly procedure with significant decrease in the yield of aniline as by‐product which is suitable for large scale production.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Nitrobenzaldehydes from Benzaldehydes Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Assisted C—H Nitration.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Degui , Zhang Jian , Liu Yunkui
Published: February 2015

Regioselective nitration of a variety of substituted O‐methyl aldoximes and following removal of the oxime directing group offers a convenient synthesis of ortho‐nitrobenzaldehydes in moderate overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Catalytic Hydration of Alkynes and α‐Alkylation with Alcohols for the Synthesis of α‐Alkylated Ketones
Authors: Ma Juan , Wang Nana , Li Feng
Published: February 2015

29 examples
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(Het)arylglutamic Acid Hydrochlorides: Synthesis and Structure.
Authors: Berestovitskaya V. M. , Vasil'eva O. S. , Ostroglyadov E. S. , Tyurenkov I. N. , Anan'ev I. V. , Lyssenko K. A. , Perfilova V. N. , Bagmetova V. V.
Published: February 2015

The diastereomerically pure title compounds (IV) are efficiently obtained by acid hydrolysis of pyrrolidones (III) which are formed by condensation of 1,1‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)ethenes (I) with diethyl acetylaminomalonate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Halo Arene‐cis‐dihydrodiols to the Corresponding Carboxylates. Access to Compounds Unavailable by Toluene Dioxygenase‐Mediated Dihydroxylation of the Corresponding Benzoate Esters.
Authors: Froese Jordan , Hudlicky Jason Reed , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: February 2015

This method provides a better access to compounds (IV) and the protected variants (VI) than the enzymatic dihydroxylation of the corresponding benzoic acid esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Aniline Carbamates: A Versatile and Removable Motif for Palladium‐Catalyzed Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Uhlig Nick , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: February 2015

The carbamate moiety acts as a removable directing group for the Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐arylation of a wide variety of aniline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Method for the Synthesis of N,N′‐Diarylbenzene‐1,4‐diamine and Dispirocyclic Quinazolinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Iodine.
Authors: Zhang Mei‐Mei , Lu Lian , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: February 2015

Depending on the 2‐aminobenzamides, N,N′‐diarylbenzene‐1,4‐diamine or dispirocyclic quinazolinone derivatives are selectively obtained in I2‐catalyzed reactions with cyclohexanedione (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Synthesis of Substituted Furans from Aryl Alkynes and Ketones Involving a Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization.
Authors: Undeela Sridhar , Ramchandra Joshi P. , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: February 2015

Starting β,γ‐unsaturated ketones are prepared according to prior work.
ChemInform Abstract: De Novo Synthesis of γ,γ‐Disubstituted Butyrolactones Through a Visible Light Photocatalytic Arylation—Lactonization Sequence.
Authors: Guo Wei , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Chen Li‐Yan , Xuan Jun , Feng Zhu‐Jia , Chen Jia‐Rong , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: February 2015

The Ru‐catalyzed reaction of alkenoic acids with aryldiazonium salts under the irradiation with white LEDs results in the formation of butyrolactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Gold‐Catalyzed Lactonizations in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Handa Sachin , Lippincott Daniel J. , Aue Donald H. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: February 2015

The gold catalyst is highly effective in achieving the asymmetric intramolecular hydrocarboxylation of allenes in aqueous micellar reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Controlled Switchable C—H Alkenylation of 4‐Aryl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylates: Application to the Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Rhazinilam.
Authors: Su Youla , Zhou Haipin , Chen Jiaxuan , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan
Published: February 2015

For the first time, solvent controlled switchable alkenylation of 3,4‐disubstituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivities is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective and (Z)‐Selective Allylation of 3‐Indolylmethanol via Hydrogen‐Bond Activation.
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Hong‐Hao , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Jiang Yan , Shi Feng , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: February 2015

The first catalytic asymmetric allylation of 3‐indolylmethanols via a hydrogen‐bond activating mode is described, which directly assembles isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanols and o‐hydroxystyrenes in excellent enantio‐ and (Z)‐selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Direct C2‐Olefination of Indoles with Vinyl Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Zhang Lingjuan , Qiu Ruiying , Xue Xiao , Pan Yixiao , Xu Conghui , Wang Doudou , Wang Xinyu , Xu Lijin , Li Huanrong
Published: February 2015

This C2‐olefination of indoles proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and E/Z‐selectivity and shows good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Indoles Through Visible Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Cyclizations of Styryl Azides.
Authors: Xia Xu‐Dong , Xuan Jun , Wang Qiang , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: February 2015

Photolysis of styryl azides of type (I) produces 2‐substituted indoles under mild reaction conditions using RuCl2(bipy)3 as efficient photocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: PyBidine/Copper Catalyst: Asymmetric exo′‐Selective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Using Imino Ester and Electrophilic Indole.
Authors: Awata Atsuko , Arai Takayoshi
Published: February 2015

Additionally, the reduction or cleavage of the nitro group for product (IIIc) is also demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ)‐Mediated Cross‐Dehydrogenative‐Coupling (CDC) of Benzylic C(sp3)—H Bonds and Vinylic C(sp2)—H Bonds: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1H‐Indenes.
Authors: Wang He , Zhao Yu‐Long , Li Lei , Li Sha‐Sha , Liu Qun
Published: February 2015

Various ketene dithioacetals are found to undergo DDQ mediated radical cross‐dehydrogenative coupling with diarylmethane derivatives to form 1H‐indenes or noncyclized coupling products, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles by the Cope‐Type Hydroamination of 1,3‐Dialkynes with Alkylhydrazines.
Authors: Yu Xiaoqiang , Huang Nan , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming
Published: February 2015

The reaction of (I) with isopropyl or tert‐butylhydrazine does not yield the desired products, but 5‐benzyl‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Nitropyrazolidines: An Access to Optically Active 1,2,3‐Triamines.
Authors: Lykke Lennart , Carlsen Bjoern Dreioe , Rambo Raoni Scheibler , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: February 2015

The first stereoselective synthesis of 4‐nitropyrazolidines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 3‐(2‐Aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐ 4‐yl)‐2‐(2,5‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl)cyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Kavun Alexey M. , Krayushkin Mikhail M.
Published: February 2015

Novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethenes of the cyclopentenone series are synthesized and their photospectroscopic properties are investigated in MeCN.
ChemInform Abstract: “On‐Water” Synthesis of Novel Trisubstituted 1,3‐Thiazoles via Microwave‐Assisted Catalyst‐Free Domino Reactions.
Authors: Karamthulla Shaik , Pal Suman , Khan Md. Nasim , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: February 2015

A wide range of trisubstituted thiazoles is obtained by a clean and efficient three‐component domino reaction of arylglyoxals, cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and thioamides in H2O.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of 4‐Hydrazinothiazoles: Novel Scaffolds for Drug Discovery.
Authors: Titus Sarah , Sreejalekshmi Kumaran G.
Published: February 2015

An efficient four‐component stepwise protocol is developed to synthesize the title compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Mechanochemical Route for the Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzothiazoles and Substituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Banerjee Mainak , Chatterjee Amrita , Kumar Vikash , Bhutia Zigmee T. , Khandare Dipratn G. , Majik Mahesh S. , Roy Biswajit Gopal
Published: February 2015

Aliphatic aldehydes such as butyr‐ or cyclohexylaldehyde afford no or trace amounts of products upon reaction with (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Some Novel 1,2,3‐Triazoles Prepared from Propargylic Alcohols and Benzyl Azides.
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Rahman , Abolfazli Mohammadreza Khadem , Mohseni Mojtaba , Mohadjerani Maryam , Lasemi Zahra
Published: February 2015

Derivative (IIIh) exhibits good antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(5‐(R‐Amino)‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐3‐yl)propan‐2‐ones: Convenient Ketomethylenic Reagents for the Gewald and Dimroth Reactions.
Authors: Pokhodylo Nazariy T. , Shyyka Olga Ya.
Published: February 2015

The title compounds (I) are found to exhibit high reactivity in Gewald‐ and Dimroth‐type anion reactions for the construction of 1,2,3‐triazole and thiophene frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐tetrazoles.
Authors: Rahmani Fariba , Darehkordi Ali , Notash Behrouz
Published: February 2015

An efficient, convenient and green method for the synthesis of new tetrazoles (II) via microwave‐assisted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides (I) with NaN3 is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Perchloric Acid Modified‐Cellulose: A Versatile, Novel and Biodegradable Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst for Single‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Bis‐pyran Annulated Heterocyclic Scaffolds under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khan Tabassum , Siddiqui Zeba N.
Published: February 2015

The reaction of nitriles (II) with aryl mono‐ and dialdehydes and a variety of C—H‐acidic substrates gives the pyran‐annulated products in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyridone via a Tandem Olefin Isomerization—Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reaction.
Authors: Si Chong , Fales Kevin R. , Boyer Robert D. , George Njoroge F.
Published: February 2015

The conversion of N‐allyl amides into dihydropyridines proceeds with high regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinolines via Iminoalkyne Cyclization Using Ag(I) Exchanged K10‐Montmorillonite Clay as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Jeganathan Mariappan , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: February 2015

The catalyst is recycled and reused in four additional cycles without significant loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Three Contiguous Stereogenic Centers via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Chen Mu‐Wang , Cai Xian‐Feng , Chen Zhang‐Pei , Shi Lei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: February 2015

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of quinolines (I) and (III) affords tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (II) and (IV) in high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, which is rationalized with a rapid Broensted acid‐catalyzed enamine/imine isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Preparation of Optically Pure (+)‐2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one by (‐)‐γ‐Lactamase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6.
Authors: Zhu Shaozhou , Ren Lu , Yu Songzhu , Gong Cuiyu , Song Dawei , Zheng Guojun
Published: February 2015

Enzymatic synthesis of optically pure (+)‐γ‐lactam (I) with nearly 50% isolated yield and <99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Diketopiperazine Derivatives Using 2‐Isocyanophenyl 4‐Methylbenzoate as a Fragrant Convertible Isocyanide.
Authors: Ji Fei , Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun
Published: February 2015

A new protocol for the synthesis of 2,5‐diketopiperazine derivatives (V) (11 examples) using an Ugi/deprotection and activation/cyclization strategy is given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐N‐(4‐oxo‐2‐arylthiazolidin‐3‐yl)quinoxaline‐2‐carboxamides and N‐(3‐Chloro‐2‐oxo‐4‐arylazetidin‐1‐yl) ‐3‐hydroxyquinoxaline‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Haripriya V. , Laxminarayana E. , Chary M. Thirumala
Published: February 2015

5 Compounds of type (III) and 5 compounds of type (V) are prepared (no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Benzimidazoles by Silica Gel Catalysis.
Authors: Li Chunmei , Zhang Furen , Yang Zhen , Qi Chenze
Published: February 2015

The solvent dependent chemoselective reactions of o‐phenylenediamine with nitroolefins in THF or water give quinoxalines or benzimidazoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Stable Solid Aryl and Heteroaryl Organozinc Pivalates: Syntheses and Applications in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Manolikakes Sophia M. , Ellwart Mario , Stathakis Christos I. , Knochel Paul
Published: February 2015

Air‐stable, solid, and polyfunctional aryl and heteroarylzinc pivalates are efficiently prepared by either magnesium insertion or Hal/Mg exchange followed by transmetalation with Zn(OPiv)2.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Dammarane‐Type Triterpene with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
Authors: Li Na , Tuo Zhen‐Dong , Xing Shan‐Shan , Qi Shi‐Zhou , Lee Hyun‐Sun , Cui Long
Published: February 2015

The new dammarane‐type triterpene (I) is isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum together with 6 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Mediated Activation of Terminal Alkynes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkynyl Glycosides.
Authors: Tatina Madhu Babu , Kusunuru Anil Kumar , Yousuf Syed Khalid , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: February 2015

A series of glycosyl donors such as glycals (I) and anomeric acetals (IV) are tested towards an alkynyl zinc reagent obtained from alkynes (II), zinc dust, and ethyl bromoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergence of Products from Povarov and von Miller Reactions: Approaches to Helquinoline.
Authors: Stevenson Paul J. , He Peizhao , Daly Brian
Published: February 2015

The entitled conversion is applied to synthesize helquinoline (I) which is a novel trans‐disubstituted tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid isolated from the North Sea bacterium Janibacter limosus Hel 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chenopanone (I).
Authors: Deore Prashant S , Argade Narshinha P
Published: February 2015

Starting from glyoxalic acid, a three‐step synthesis of naturally occurring chenopanone (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Common Synthetic Protocol for the Cyclic and Acyclic Core of Migrastatin, Isomigrastatin, and Dorrigocin via a Chiral β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone Intermediate.
Authors: Gade Narendar Reddy , Iqbal Javed
Published: February 2015

The lactone (II) is used as starting material for the preparation of key building blocks present in migrastatin (III), isomigrastatin (IVa) and of the C1‐C13 fragment of dorrigocin (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Approach to Bioactive Secolignans: Synthesis of Peperomin C and Its Analogues.
Authors: Soorukram Darunee , Panmuang Jaray , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Kuhakarn Chutima , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: February 2015

Peperomin C (I) and its analogues, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Diacyglycerol Acyltransferase‐Inhibitory Prenylated Flavonoids from Maackia amurensis Rupr.
Authors: Li Na , Lee Hyun Sun , Tuo Zhen Dong , Li Jia Lin , Du Pei Ge , Cui Long
Published: February 2015

The prenylated flavonoid (I) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.
ChemInform Abstract: Modified Strontium Titanates: From Defect Chemistry to SOFC Anodes
Authors: Verbraeken M. C. , Ramos T. , Agersted K. , Ma Q. , Savaniu C. D. , Sudireddy B. R. , Irvine J. T. S. , Holtappels P. , Tietz F.
Published: February 2015

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diffraction Studies of Multiferroics
Authors: Johnson Roger D. , Radaelli Paolo G.
Published: February 2015

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Conduction in Crystalline Superionic Solids and Its Applications
Authors: Chandra Angesh
Published: February 2015

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Important Methods of Synthesis and Biological Significance of 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Chouhan Anuja
Published: February 2015

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Indoles
Authors: Bhadury Pinaki S. , Pang Jun
Published: February 2015

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epidithiodioxopiperazines. Occurrence, Synthesis and Biogenesis
Authors: Welch Timothy R. , Williams Robert M.
Published: February 2015

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized C60 Fullerene Derivatives and Their Applications in Material and Life Sciences
Authors: Yan Weibo , Seifermann Stefan M. , Pierrat Philippe , Braese Stefan
Published: February 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fixation of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Ionic Liquids: A Multi‐Scale Approach
Authors: Xu Bao‐Hua , Wang Jin‐Quan , Sun Jian , Huang Ying , Zhang Jun‐Ping , Zhang Xiang‐Ping , Zhang Suo‐Jiang
Published: February 2015

Review: [117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Quadruple/Triple Reaction Sequence: A Useful Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Kashinath K. , Reddy D. Srinivasa
Published: February 2015

Review: [8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Trifluoromethylation Reactions with Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagents
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Lantano Beatriz , Postigo Al
Published: February 2015

Review: [94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophene‐Based Push—Pull Chromophores for Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells (SMOSCs)
Authors: Malytskyi Volodymyr , Simon Jean‐Jacques , Patrone Lionel , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel
Published: February 2015

Review: [130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Schiff Bases — Interesting Range of Applications in Various Fields of Science
Authors: Brodowska Katarzyna , Lodyga‐Chruscinska Elzbieta
Published: February 2015

Review: properties of Schiff bases and benefits of their use in various branches of inustry; 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for the Detection of Melamine
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Jingyue , Sun Chunyan
Published: February 2015

Review: 173 refs.
Scherfließen und Wandgleiten von Massen für den Pulverspritzguss
Authors: Hage Christoph , Aichele Wilfried
Published: February 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Koppelung von Modellen für Scherfließen und Wandgleiten über die Wandschubspannung. Der Ansatz beinhaltet die Sonderfälle einer Coulombschen Wandreibung nach Uhland und einer über die Kapillarlänge konstanten Wandgleitgeschwindigkeit nach Mooney. Als Beispiel wird das Fließmodell für strukturviskose Fluide nach Ostwald und de Waele mit einer Wandschubspannung verknüpft, die im Gleitbereich von der Potenz des Druckes abhängt. Die untersuchten Massen für den Metallpulverspritzguss verhielten sich rheologisch entsprechend dem beschriebenen Modell.
Nullemissionen‐Kraftwerk zur stofflichen Energiespeicherung sowie Strom‐ und Wärmeerzeugung
Authors: Yilmaz Can , Güttel Robert , Turek Thomas
Published: February 2015

Aus der Zunahme volatiler erneuerbarer Erzeugungsanlagen im Energiesystem wird ein erhöhter Bedarf an Energiespeichern resultieren. Eine zukunftsträchtige Möglichkeit, großtechnisch Energie über lange Zeiträume zu speichern, ist die Power‐to‐Gas‐Technologie mit dem Speichermedium Methan. Ein oft vernachlässigtes Problem dieses Konzeptes ist jedoch, dass umfangreiche Kohlenstoffquellen für die Synthese des Methans benötigt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein innovatives Power‐to‐Gas‐Konzept vorgestellt, das eine Energiespeicherung ohne eine kontinuierlich zugeführte Kohlenstoffquelle ermöglicht.
Automated pain intervention for underserved minority women with breast cancer
Authors: Anderson Karen O. , Palos Guadalupe R. , Mendoza Tito R. , Cleeland Charles S. , Liao Kai‐Ping , Fisch Michael J. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Araceli , Rieber Alyssa G. , Nazario L. Arlene , Valero Vicente , Hahn Karin M. , Person Cheryl L. , Payne Richard
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Minority patients with breast cancer are at risk for undertreatment of cancer‐related pain. The authors evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of an automated pain intervention for improving pain and symptom management of underserved African American and Latina women with breast cancer.

METHODS

Sixty low‐income African American and Latina women with breast cancer and cancer‐related pain were enrolled in a pilot study of an automated, telephone‐based, interactive voice response (IVR) intervention. Women in the intervention group were called twice weekly by the IVR system and asked to rate the intensity of their pain and other symptoms. The patients' oncologists received e‐mail alerts if the reported symptoms were moderate to severe. The patients also reported barriers to pain management and received education regarding any reported obstacles.

RESULTS

The proportion of women in both groups reporting moderate to severe pain decreased during the study, but the decrease was significantly greater for the intervention group. The IVR intervention also was associated with improvements in other cancer‐related symptoms, including sleep disturbance and drowsiness. Although patient adherence to the IVR call schedule was good, the oncologists who were treating the patients rated the intervention as only somewhat useful for improving symptom management.

CONCLUSIONS

The IVR intervention reduced pain and symptom severity for underserved minority women with breast cancer. Additional research on technological approaches to symptom management is needed. Cancer 2015;121:1882–1890. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Microphthalmia transcription factor immunohistochemistry for FNA biopsy of ocular malignant melanoma
Authors: Perrino Carmen M. , Wang Jeff F. , Collins Brian T.
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Microphthalmia transcription factor (MiTF) is a sensitive and specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for malignant melanoma (MM) in surgical resections, but its utility in cytology specimens has not been extensively studied.

METHODS

A search of the pathology database identified fine‐needle aspiration biopsies signed out as MM or suspicious for MM (1998‐2012). The final diagnosis and the IHC results were recorded, and all slides were re‐reviewed. MiTF IHC (C5/D5 cocktail) was performed on alcohol‐fixed, Papanicolaou‐stained direct smears. Any amount of nuclear staining was considered positive. Staining was scored on a scale of 1 to 4 (1, 1%‐24%; 2, 25%‐49%; 3, 50%‐74%; 4, 75%‐100%).

RESULTS

Two hundred seventy‐four cases were diagnosed as MM, and 24 were diagnosed as suspicious for MM. IHC staining was performed for 25% (69 of 274) of the MM cases and for 33% (8 of 24) of the cases suspicious for MM. MiTF IHC of Papanicolaou slides was performed for 37% (101 of 274) of the MM cases (positive, 82% [83 of 101]; negative, 4% [4 of 101]; noncontributory, 14% [14 of 101]) and for 33% (8 of 24) of the cases suspicious for MM (positive, 38% [3 of 8]; noncontributory, 62% [5 of 8]). The majority of positive staining was scored as 3 or 4. The sensitivity of MiTF on Papanicolaou‐stained slides was 95%.

CONCLUSIONS

MiTF is a useful IHC stain for the evaluation of ocular MM, and it is effective when it is performed on alcohol‐fixed, Papanicolaou‐stained aspirate smears. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:394‐400. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Synergetic Effects of Al3+ Doping and Graphene Modification on the Electrochemical Performance of V2O5 Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhu Kai , Qiu Hailong , Zhang Yongquan , Zhang Dong , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: February 2015

A series of V2O5‐based cathode materials that include V2O5 and Al0.14V2O5 nanoparticles, V2O5/reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and Al0.16V2O5/RGO nanocomposites are prepared by a simple soft chemical method. XRD and Raman scattering show that the Al ions reside in the interlayer space of the materials. These doping ions strengthen the VO bonds of the [VO5] unit and enhance the linkage of the [VO5] layers, which thus increases the structural stability of V2O5. SEM and TEM images show that the V2O5 nanoparticles construct a hybrid structure with RGO that enables fast electron transport in the electrode matrix. The electrochemical properties of the materials are studied by charge–discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Of all the materials tested, the one that contained both Al ions and RGO (Al0.16V2O5/RGO) exhibited the highest discharge capacity, the best rate capability, and excellent capacity retention. The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergetic effects of Al3+ doping and RGO modification, which not only increase the structural stability of the V2O5 lattice but also improve the electrochemical kinetics of the material.
Altered interoceptive awareness in anorexia nervosa: Effects of meal anticipation, consumption and bodily arousal
Authors: Khalsa Sahib S. , Craske Michelle G. , Li Wei , Vangala Sitaram , Strober Michael , Feusner Jamie D.
Published: February 2015

Objective

Impaired interoceptive awareness (IA), the subjective perception of internal body sensations, has been proposed as a vulnerability or maintaining factor in anorexia nervosa (AN). We examined whether IA of heartbeat and breathing sensations was impaired in AN across a range of arousal levels, and whether it was influenced by meal anticipation and consumption. Method: IA was assessed using randomized, double‐blinded, bolus intravenous infusions of isoproterenol, a peripheral beta‐adrenergic sympathetic agonist, and saline. Fifteen women with AN and 15 age‐, and sex‐ matched healthy comparisons (HC) were evaluated before and after consumption of a 1,000 Calorie meal. During each infusion participants rated their moment‐to‐moment intensity of heartbeat and breathing sensations with a dial. To measure IA we evaluated interoceptive detection thresholds, retrospective ratings of palpitation and dyspnea intensity, and interoceptive accuracy via correlations between subjective dial ratings and observed heart rate responses. Results: Contrary to prediction the AN group was more likely to report detection of interoceptive sensations across all conditions, an effect driven by false discriminations at low arousal levels. Concordant with prediction, meal anticipation was associated with intensified interoceptive sensations, particularly dyspnea. There were no differences in interoceptive accuracy. Discussion: This represents the first demonstration of interoceptive prediction errors in AN. Although IA is unimpaired at high arousal levels in AN, prediction signals are abnormal at low arousal levels, especially during meal anticipation. Altered interoceptive prediction signaling during meal anticipation could contribute to phenotypes of high anxiety in AN or alternatively, might be explained by enhanced meal associated anxiety. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:889–897)
Bcl‐3 puts the brakes on contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Weighardt Heike , Förster Irmgard
Published: February 2015

B‐cell lymphoma (Bcl)‐3 is a nonclassical member of the IκB protein family known to interact with transcriptionally inactive NF‐κB1 and NF‐κB2 homodimers to modulate gene expression. Besides its action as an oncoprotein, Bcl‐3 has been shown to have both proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory functions depending on the cell‐type affected. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Tassi et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 1059–1068] report that Bcl‐3 inhibits the production of the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in keratinocytes, thereby restricting the influx of CD8+ effector T cells in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. In addition, mice with a global deficiency of Bcl‐3 show enhanced ear swelling responses in the late phase of contact hypersensitivity responses. Besides keratinocytes, other radioresistant cell types appear to also utilize Bcl‐3 to dampen the inflammatory response. This Commentary will discuss the evidence supporting Bcl‐3 as a critical player in limiting inflammation during the later stages of contact hypersensitivity.
Three different active aldehydes induce the production of advanced lipoxidation end products upon incubation with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Gao Haiyan , Mu Honglei , Chen Hangjun , Fang Xiangjun , Zhou Yongjun , Tao Fei
Published: February 2015

Accumulation of advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) has been implicated in many chronic and degenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), trans‐2‐heptenal, and trans,trans‐2,4‐heptadienal on the properties of native proteins and the formation of bovine serum albumin (BSA)–ALEs. Incubation of BSA with these aldehydes resulted in modification of Lys and Arg residues, conformational changes, and formation of colored, fluorescent, lipofuscin‐like pigments (exhibiting strong lipofuscin‐like fluorescence for MDA–BSA, but much weaker fluorescence for the other two aldehyde–BSA molecules). Moreover, the generated BSA–aldehyde complexes exhibited ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption, i.e., the MDA–BSA adduct exhibited increased UV–Vis absorbance at 290 and 400 nm, while the other two aldehyde–BSA molecules exhibited increased UV–Vis absorbance at 280 and 300–350 nm, respectively, and cross‐linking, similar to the characteristics of Maillard reaction products. The formation of aggregates was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The variables measured above showed that heptadienal–BSA and heptenal–BSA samples exhibited both similarities and differences from MDA–BSA samples. These results provide insights into the characteristics and formation of ALEs in terms of their biochemical interactions and applications in food science.

Practical applications: Advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are known to be involved in many chronic and degenerative diseases. Here, we propose suitable protocols to characterize and compare ALEs derived from different secondary products of lipid oxidation. These results enhance our knowledge of the characteristics of ALEs and contribute to our understanding of the structure and formation of ALEs derived from different lipid oxidation products. Additionally, our results provide important insights into appropriate preventive or therapeutic measures to inhibit or reduce ALEs.

Incubation of BSA with MDA, heptenal, and heptadienal resulted in modification of Lys and Arg residues, conformation changes, and formation of colored, fluorescent, lipofuscin‐like pigments and generation of BSA–aldehyde complexes exhibiting ultraviolet–visible and cross‐linking, similar to the characteristics of AGEs (Maillard reaction products).
Quantitative meta‐analysis of grey matter anomalies in neuropathic pain
Authors: Pan P.L. , Zhong J.G. , Shang H.F. , Zhu Y.L. , Xiao P.R. , Dai Z.Y. , Shi H.C.
Published: February 2015

Background

Increasing neuroimaging studies have revealed grey matter (GM) anomalies of several brain regions by voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) studies in patients with neuropathic pain. The changes have been suggested to be related to central sensitization. Our aim was to investigate concurrence across VBM studies to identify whether different subtypes of neuropathic pain share a common pathophysiological basis revealed by structural abnormalities.

Methods

A systematic search of VBM studies of patients with neuropathic pain and healthy controls published in PubMed and Embase databases from January 2000 to March 2014 was conducted. A quantitative meta‐analysis of whole‐brain VBM studies in patients with neuropathic pain compared with healthy controls was performed by means of effect‐size signed differential mapping.

Results

Ten studies comprising 240 patients with neuropathic pain and 263 healthy subjects were systematically included in the present study. Compared to healthy controls, the patients showed consistent decreased GM in bilateral anterior insula and thalamus, right superior frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus, and increased GM in right medial frontal gyrus and right posterior insula. The results remained largely unchanged in the following jackknife sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis shows strong evidence of brain GM anomalies within the pain matrix in patients with neuropathic pain compared with healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to determine whether the reported changes are specific to neuropathic pain or whether they may be common to other chronic pain.
Microfluidic 3D HepG2 cell culture: Reproducing hepatic tumor gene and protein expression in in vitro scaffolds
Authors: Fernekorn Uta , Hampl Jörg , Weise Frank , Klett Maren , Läffert Annette , Friedel Karin , Schober Andreas
Published: February 2015

As for 3D cell culture in general, it is also true for tumor cells that 3D conditions create a spatial microenvironment that is stimulated by concentration gradients of nutrients and gases. Cellular vitality and metabolic activity were examined in 2D and scaffold‐based 3D cultures of HepG2 cells. We compared gene and protein expression levels of tumor‐ and hepato‐specific markers such as alpha‐fetoprotein, albumin, integrin beta 1, insulin‐like growth factor , vascular endothelial growth factor A, and matrix metalloproteinase 11. Although similar biological functions were influenced under 3D static and perfused conditions, their gene expression levels differed. Immunofluorescence stainings detected increased integrin beta 1 expression while alpha‐fetoprotein was downregulated both in static and perfused 3D cultures of HepG2 cells. We hypothesized that improved mass flow in the bioreactors enables the cells to retain their nutrient supply, which is indicated by moderate or even downregulated expression of genes related to angiogenesis and apoptosis. Potential hypoxic stress in static 3D cultures of HepG2 cells resulted in upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and enhanced caspase 3 activity. Tuning the mass flow in 3D tumor cultures may lead to promising tools to investigate the metabolism and differentiation state of tumor tissues in vitro.
Cultivation of Chlorella protothecoides in photobioreactors: The combined impact of photoperiod and CO2 concentration
Authors: Krzemińska Izabela , Nawrocka Agnieszka , Piasecka Agata , Jagielski Paweł , Tys Jerzy
Published: February 2015

Algal biomass is regarded as an alternative source for producing renewable fuels, given the chemical nature of storage products: lipids, starch, and proteins. Many factors affecting the production of microalgal biomass and lipid accumulation include the light and CO2 concentration, i.e. critical factors for determination of the biochemical composition of microalgal biomass. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of three different light/dark photoperiods (12/12 h, 16/8 h, 24/0 h) and the CO2 concentration (from air and 5% v/v CO2‐enriched air) on the growth rate, productivity, and changes in the biochemical composition of Chlorella protothecoides biomass. Continuous illumination stimulated growth under supplementation of air CO2. At 5% CO2, the maximum C. protothecoides growth rate was found under 16/8 light/dark cycles and longer duration of light yielded a decrease in the specific growth rate. The photoperiods and CO2 concentrations influenced the biomass productivity. Chlorella protothecoides produced biomass more efficiently at the 24/0 and 16/8 light/dark cycles under supplementation of air CO2 than at addition of 5% CO2. However, under the 12/12 light/dark cycle, biomass productivity was higher at 5% CO2. The light photoperiod greater than 16 h did not increase biomass productivity. These factors also influenced the content of lipids and carbohydrates. A maximal lipid content was observed for the 24‐h photoperiod for air CO2, whereas the addition of 5% CO2 affected lipid and carbohydrate production.
Effect of earthquake‐induced axial load fluctuations on asymmetric frame–wall–rocking foundation systems
Authors: Liu Weian , Hutchinson Tara C. , Kutter Bruce L. , Gavras Andreas G. , Hakhamaneshi Manouchehr
Published: February 2015

Fluctuations in axial load imposed on a rocking footing will affect its moment capacity, the shape of its moment–rotation hysteresis, and potentially the system's seismic performance. Structural asymmetry increases the likelihood of axial load variation during earthquake excitations. To investigate this issue, a unique centrifuge testing program was carried out on low‐rise frame–wall–rocking foundation systems. In this paper, the seismic behaviors of asymmetric and symmetric models from this test program are systematically compared. Experimental results reveal that placing the lateral force resisting shear wall outboard produces significant axial load fluctuation, which in turn greatly deteriorate the lateral load‐carrying capacity of a foundation rocking dominated frame–wall system, particularly in its weak direction. However, it strengthens the system when loading is towards the shear wall, leading to a highly asymmetric hysteretic response. During earthquake loading, all asymmetric rocking foundation systems observe smaller peak roof accelerations, but larger peak and permanent roof drifts compared with the symmetric systems. Despite these differences in response, the axial load fluctuation and structural asymmetry do not significantly change the relative energy dissipated by the rocking foundations and inelastic structural components within each frame–wall–rocking foundation model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Sox9 in Growth Factor Regulation of Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Shi Shuiliang , Wang Congrong , Acton Anthony J. , Eckert George J. , Trippel Stephen B.
Published: February 2015

Chondrogenic polypeptide growth factors influence articular chondrocyte functions that are required for articular cartilage repair. Sox9 is a transcription factor that regulates chondrogenesis, but its role in the growth factor regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis is poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that selected chondrogenic growth factors regulate sox9 gene expression and protein production by adult articular chondrocytes and that sox9 modulates the actions of these growth factors. To test these hypotheses, we delivered insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and/or bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7), or their respective transgenes to adult bovine articular chondrocytes, and measured changes in sox9 gene expression and protein production. We then knocked down sox9 gene expression with sox9 siRNA, and measured changes in the expression of the genes encoding aggrecan and types I and II collagen, and in the production of glycosaminoglycan, collagen and DNA. We found that FGF‐2 or the combination of IGF‐I, BMP‐2, and BMP‐7 increased sox9 gene expression and protein production and that sox9 knockdown modulated growth factor actions in a complex fashion that differed both with growth factors and with chondrocyte function. The data suggest that sox9 mediates the stimulation of matrix production by the combined growth factors and the stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation by FGF‐2. The mitogenic effect of the combined growth factors and the catabolic effect of FGF‐2 appear to involve sox9‐independent mechanisms. Control of these molecular mechanisms may contribute to the treatment of cartilage damage. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1391–1400, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fhit Nuclear Import Following EGF Stimulation Sustains Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Sasso Marianna , Turdo Federica , Beretta Giovanni L. , Casalini Patrizia , Ghirelli Cristina , Sfondrini Lucia , Ménard Sylvie , Tagliabue Elda , Campiglio Manuela
Published: February 2015

The tumor‐suppressor protein fragile histidine triad (Fhit) exerts its functions in the cytoplasm, although some reports suggest that it may also act in the nucleus. We previously showed that cytosolic Fhit protein levels in cancer cell lines stimulated to proliferate were reduced by proteasomal degradation. Here, we demonstrate that Fhit is physiologically present in the nucleus of breast cancer cell lines and tissues at a low level and that proliferative stimulation increases nuclear levels. Breast cancer cells expressing the FhitY114F mutant, which do not undergo proteasomal degradation, contained mutated Fhit in the nucleus, while cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor accumulated nuclear Fhit during proliferation. Thus, Fhit nuclear shuttling and proteasome degradation phenomena occur independently. When Fhit was coupled to a nuclear localization sequence, the proliferation rate of the transfected cells increased together with levels of proliferation pathway mediators cyclin D1, phospho‐MAPK, and phospho‐STAT3. Fhit nuclear translocation upon mitogenic stimulation may represent a new regulatory mechanism that allows rapid restoration of Fhit cytoplasmic levels and promotes the proliferation cascade activated by mitogenic stimulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 2661–2670, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of HBV genotype, drug resistant mutations, and pre‐core/basal core promoter mutations in Korean patients with acute hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Jong Ho , Hong Sun Pyo , Jang Eun Sun , Park Sang Jong , Hwang Seong Gyu , Kang Sook‐Kyoung , Jeong Sook‐Hyang
Published: February 2015

Acute hepatitis B, caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains with drug resistant mutations or pre‐core/basal core promoter (PC/BCP) mutations, is a public health concern, because this infection is often associated with poor disease outcome or difficulty in therapeutic choice. The HBV genotype, the prevalence of drug resistant mutations, and PC/BCP mutations in Korean patients with acute hepatitis B were studied. From 2006 to 2008, 36 patients with acute hepatitis B were enrolled prospectively in four general hospitals. Among them, 20 showed detectable HBV DNA (median value was 4.8 log copies/mL). HBV genotyping and analysis of HBV mutations that conferred resistance against lamivudine, adefovir, or entecavir and of PC/BCP mutations were performed using highly sensitive restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) analysis. All 20 patients were infected with HBV genotype C, which causes almost all cases of chronic hepatitis B in Korea. No patient showed mutations that conferred resistance against lamivudine (L180M, M204V/I), adefovir (A181T, N236S), or entecavir (I169M, A184T/V, S202I/G, M250V/I/L). However, four patients had BCP mutations, and two had PC mutations. Platelet counts were significantly lower in the four patients with PC/BCP mutations compared to those with wild type. In this study, all acute hepatitis B patients had genotype C HBV strains with no drug resistant mutations. However, 20% showed PC/BCP mutations. This highlights the need for further study on the significance of PC/BCP mutations. J. Med. Virol. 87:993–998, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of usutu virus RNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology, Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Maggi Fabrizio , Mazzetti Paola , Focosi Daniele , Macera Lisa , Scagnolari Carolina , Manzin Aldo , Antonelli Guido , Nelli Luca Ceccherini
Published: February 2015

Usutu virus (USUV) is an African mosquito‐borne flavivirus associated with human neurological disorders in Europe. Recently, USUV introduction in Europe has been traced back to Eurasian blackbirds deaths in the Tuscany region of Italy in 1996. Ninety‐six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology diagnosed in 2010–2013 were screened to determine whether USUV circulates in humans in Tuscany. Using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, no positive patient was found. USUV does not seem to cause neuroinvasive disorders in humans in Tuscany. J. Med. Virol. 87:913–916, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in the intestinal tract of termites from different lineages
Authors: Shi Yu , Huang Zhou , Han Shuai , Fan Shuo , Yang Hong
Published: February 2015

Termites are among the few arthropods that emit methane to the atmosphere, which is a significant source of global greenhouse gas due to their huge biomass on earth. In this study, phylogenetic diversity of Archaea of five termite species from different lineages were analyzed based on 16S rRNA genes. Archaea associated with wood‐feeding lower termite, R. chinensis were exclusively Methanobrevibacter in the order Methanobacteriales. This type of methanogens was also found in Nasutitermes sp. and Microcerotermes sp. but not in the fungus‐cultivating termites, Odontotermes formosanus and Macrotermes barneyi, which harbor Archaea of the order Methanoplasmatales and Methanosarcinales in their guts. Archaeal diversity of wood‐feeding higher termites was higher than wood‐feeding lower termites. The highest archaeal diversity was found in Nasutitermes sp. In addition to methanogens affiliated with the orders Methanobacteriales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanoplasmatales, 37% of archaeal clones were affiliated with non‐methanogenic Thaumarchaeota. The results of this study will be significant for further understanding of symbiotic relationship between intestinal microbiota and termites.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel xylose reductase from Rhizopus oryzae
Authors: Zhang Min , Jiang Shao‐tong , Zheng Zhi , Li Xing‐jiang , Luo Shui‐zhong , Wu Xue‐feng
Published: February 2015

Rhizopus oryzae is valuable as a producer of organic acids via lignocellulose catalysis. R. oryzae metabolizes xylose, which is one component of lignocellulose hydrolysate. In this study, a novel NADPH‐dependent xylose reductase gene from R. oryzae AS 3.819 (Roxr) was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Homology alignment suggested that the 320‐residue protein contained domains and active sites belonging to the aldo/keto reductase family. SDS–PAGE demonstrated that the recombinant xylose reductase has a molecular weight of approximately 37 kDa. The optimal catalytic pH and temperature of the purified recombinant protein were 5.8 and 50 °C, respectively. The recombinant protein was stable from pH 4.4 to 6.5 and at temperatures below 42 °C. The recombinant enzyme has bias for D‐xylose and L‐arabinose as substrates and NADPH as its coenzyme. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR tests suggested that native Roxr expression is regulated by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism. Site‐directed mutagenesis at two possible key sites involved in coenzyme binding, Thr226 → Glu226 and Val274 → Asn274, were performed, respectively. The coenzyme specificity constants of the resulted RoXRT226E and RoXRV274N for NADH increased 18.2‐fold and 2.4‐fold, which suggested possibility to improve the NADH preference of this enzyme through genetic modification. J. Basic Microbiol. 2015, 55, 1–15