bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldolase B-driven lactagenesis and CEACAM6 activation promote cell renewal and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through the Warburg effect
Authors: Chu Yu-De , Cheng Li-Chun , Lim Siew-Na , Lai Ming-Wei , Yeh Chau-Ting , Lin Wey-Ran
Published: October 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide and is associated with a high mortality rate. Changes in bioenergy metabolism, such as the Warburg effect, are often observed in CRC. Aldolase B (ALDOB) has been identified as a potential regulator of these changes, but its exact role in CRC cell behavior and bioenergetic homeostasis is not fully understood. To investigate this, two cohorts of CRC patients were analyzed independently. The results showed that higher ALDOB expression was linked to unfavorable prognosis, increased circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, and altered bioenergetics in CRC. Further analysis using cell-based assays demonstrated that ALDOB promoted cell proliferation, chemoresistance, and increased expression of CEA in CRC cells. The activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1) by ALDOB-induced lactagenesis and secretion, which in turn mediated the effects on CEA expression. Secreted lactate was found to enhance lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) expression in adjacent cells and to be a crucial modulator of ALDOB-mediated phenotypes. Additionally, the effect of ALDOB on CEA expression was downstream of the bioenergetic changes mediated by secreted lactate. The study also identified CEA cell adhesion molecule-6 (CEACAM6) as a downstream effector of ALDOB that controlled CRC cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Notably, CEACAM6 activation was shown to enhance protein stability through lysine lactylation, downstream of ALDOB-mediated lactagenesis. The ALDOB/PDK1/lactate/CEACAM6 axis plays an essential role in CRC cell behavior and bioenergetic homeostasis, providing new insights into the involvement of CEACAM6 in CRC and the Warburg effect. These findings may lead to the development of new treatment strategies for CRC patients.
Downregulation of EphA2 stability by RNF5 limits its tumor-suppressive function in HER2-negative breast cancers
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Wang Fan , Huang Lu , Yang Mengtian , Kuang Ersheng
Published: October 2023

Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) plays dual functions in tumorigenesis through ligand-independent tumor promotion or ligand-dependent tumor suppression. However, the regulation of EphA2 tumor-suppressive function remains unclear. Here, we showed that RNF5 interacts with EphA2 and induces its ubiquitination and degradation, decreases the stability and cell surface distribution of EphA2 and alters the balance of its phosphorylation at S897 and Y772. In turn, RNF5 inhibition decreases ERK phosphorylation and increases p53 expression through an increase in the EphA2 level in HER2-negative breast cancer cells. Consequently, RNF5 inhibition increases the adhesion and decreases the migration of HER2-negative breast cancer cells, and RNF5 silencing suppresses the growth of xenograft tumors derived from ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer cells with increased EphA2 expression and altered phosphorylation. RNF5 expression is inversely correlated with EphA2 expression in breast cancers, and a high EphA2 level accompanied by a low RNF5 level is related to better survival in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers. These studies revealed that RNF5 negatively regulates EphA2 properties and suppresses its tumor-suppressive function in HER2-negative breast cancers.
Inhibition of mitochondrial fission activates glycogen synthesis to support cell survival in colon cancer
Authors: Hasani Sumati , Young Lyndsay E. A. , Van Nort Warren , Banerjee Moumita , Rivas Dylan R. , Kim Jinhwan , Xiong Xiaopeng , Sun Ramon C. , Gentry Matthew S. , Sesaki Hiromi , Gao Tianyan
Published: October 2023

Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms that fuel tumor initiation and progression. Our previous studies demonstrate that activation of Drp1 promotes fatty acid oxidation and downstream Wnt signaling. Here we investigate the role of Drp1 in regulating glycogen metabolism in colon cancer. Knockdown of Drp1 decreases mitochondrial respiration without increasing glycolysis. Analysis of cellular metabolites reveals that the levels of glucose-6-phosphate, a precursor for glycogenesis, are significantly elevated whereas pyruvate and other TCA cycle metabolites remain unchanged in Drp1 knockdown cells. Additionally, silencing Drp1 activates AMPK to stimulate the expression glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) mRNA and promote glycogen storage. Using 3D organoids from Apcf/f/Villin-CreERT2 models, we show that glycogen levels are elevated in tumor organoids upon genetic deletion of Drp1. Similarly, increased GYS1 expression and glycogen accumulation are detected in xenograft tumors derived from Drp1 knockdown colon cancer cells. Functionally, increased glycogen storage provides survival advantage to Drp1 knockdown cells. Co-targeting glycogen phosphorylase-mediated glycogenolysis sensitizes Drp1 knockdown cells to chemotherapy drug treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that Drp1-loss activates glucose uptake and glycogenesis as compensative metabolic pathways to promote cell survival. Combined inhibition of glycogen metabolism may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for colon cancer treatment.
Novel intrathoracic irrigation using ultrafine ozone bubbles in a rat empyema model
Authors: Ikeda Masaki , Yutaka Yojiro , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. , Tanaka Michio , Yamamoto Masaki , Tanaka Satona , Yamada Yoshito , Ohsumi Akihiro , Nakajima Daisuke , Hamaji Masatsugu , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kusaka Eishi , Nagao Miki , Date Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Dissolved ozone is generally used for sanitization, but it has not been used for thoracic cavity sanitization because of its short half-life (< 20 min) and possible toxicity. We developed a novel solution containing ultrafine ozone bubbles (ozone-UFB) with a fivefold longer half-life than non-UFB ozone. Using an in vitro model, Staphylococcus aureus colonies were counted after exposure to ozone-UFB or non-UFB ozone at the same ozone concentration (0.4 mg/L). The colony count was significantly lower in the ozone-UFB group than in the non-UFB ozone group (p = 0.034). The effect of repeated pleural irrigation using ozone-UFB and saline was compared in a rat empyema model of S. aureus infection. The bacterial count in the pleural effusion was decreased by at least fivefold following intrathoracic lavage with ozone-UFB (3 mg/L). To examine the safety of ozone-UFB for intrathoracic use, ozone-UFB with a higher ozone concentration (10 mg/L) was injected into the thoracic cavities of normal rats. The treatment did not result in any specific pleural damage or elevated serum interleukin-6 concentrations. The findings highlighted the efficacy and safety of ozone-UFB for intrathoracic sanitization, but further studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic ozone concentration with appropriate safety margins.
A retrospective comparative study of anesthesia with remimazolam and remifentanil versus dexmedetomidine and remifentanil for transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Kitaura Atsuhiro , Tsukimoto Shota , Sakamoto Hiroatsu , Hamasaki Shinichi , Nakao Shinichi , Nakajima Yasufumi
Published: October 2023

Remimazolam, an ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine, allows for rapid and reliable arousal. Rapid awakening using remimazolam may be beneficial in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as it allows rapid detection of neurologic deficits. The purpose of this study was to compare arousal time and outcomes between monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with remimazolam and remifentanil and conventional MAC with dexmedetomidine, propofol, and remifentanil. This study was a single center retrospective study. All TAVR cases performed under MAC (MAC-TAVR) at our institution between 2019 and 2021 were included. Patients were classified by anesthesia method into remimazolam and dexmedetomidine groups. Among 258 MAC-TAVR patients, 253 were enrolled. After propensity score matching, 76 patients were assigned to each group. The time from end of drug-administration to arousal [20.0 (16.0, 24.0) min vs. 38.5 (30.0, 56.3) min, p < 0.0001] and the time from attempted-arousal to arousal [1.0 (1.0, 1.0) min vs. 12.5 (3.0, 26.8) min, p < 0.0001] were significantly shorter in the remimazolam group. There was no significant difference in the length of ICU stay [2.0 (2.0, 2.0) days vs. 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) days, p = 0.157] and postoperative hospital stay [6.0 (4.0, 9.0) days vs. 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) days, p = 0.262].

Trial registration: Clinical trial number: R03-123,
Registry URL: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051635
Registration number: UMIN000045195, Principal investigator's name: Atsuhiro Kitaura,
Date of registration: 20 August 2021.
Design-driven regional industry transformation and upgrading under the perspective of sustainable development
Authors: You Lisi , Ji Tie , Shao Binbin , Wu Xiaojing , Shi Lei
Published: October 2023

This study combines relevant theories and methods from economics and ecology to investigate design-driven transformation and upgrade paths for the long-term success of regional industries in the context of sustainable transformation, drawing on the design research literature's emphasis on sustainability, synergy, and a systemic approach. This evaluation may be thought of as a precondition for transformation. The regional industrial base dictates the upgrading route for sustainable transformation. Huaihua, a prefecture-level city in Hunan Province, China, serves as a case study for this investigation. Huaihua City's ecological footprints, human development index, and ecological welfare performance are used to evaluate the region's industrial base. A system based on quantitative data criteria and hierarchical analysis was built to choose top regional industries. The design study has promising implications for the sustainable transformation of major regional industries since it is an interdisciplinary, collaborative, and methodical type of research. Huaihua City, as a representative region of the less developed southwest region in China, designs a sustainable industrial transformation and upgrading path by providing a theoretical basis and quantitative measurement criteria for the sustainable transformation of regional industries.
Multiclass malaria parasite recognition based on transformer models and a generative adversarial network
Authors: Tan Dianhuan , Liang Xianghui
Published: October 2023

Malaria is an extremely infectious disease and a main cause of death worldwide. Microscopic examination of thin slide serves as a common method for the diagnosis of malaria. Meanwhile, the transformer models have gained increasing popularity in many regions, such as computer vision and natural language processing. Transformers also offer lots of advantages in classification task, such as Fine-grained Feature Extraction, Attention Mechanism etc. In this article, we propose to assist the medical professionals by developing an effective framework based on transformer models and a generative adversarial network for multi-class plasmodium classification and malaria diagnosis. The Generative Adversarial Network is employed to generate extended training samples from multiclass cell images, with the aim of enhancing the robustness of the resulting model. We aim to optimize plasmodium classification to achieve an exact balance of high accuracy and low resource consumption. A comprehensive comparison of the transformer models to the state-of-the-art methods proves their efficiency in the classification of malaria parasite through thin blood smear microscopic images. Based on our findings, the Swin Transformer model and MobileVit outperform the baseline architectures in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, specificity, and FPR on test set (the data was divided into train: validation: test splits). It is evident that the Swin Transformer achieves superior detection performance (up to 99.8% accuracy), while MobileViT demonstrates lower memory usage and shorter inference times. High accuracy empowers healthcare professionals to conduct precise diagnoses, while low memory usage and short inference times enable the deployment of predictive models on edge devices with limited computational and memory resources.
Simulation and optimization of rectenna systems
Authors: Olaimat Melad M. , Nayyeri Vahid , Ramahi Omar M.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present an entirely simulation-based method to predict the performance of a complete rectenna system that includes all its components: the receiving antenna, the matching circuits between the antenna and the rectification circuit, and the load circuit. Whereas previous efforts to predict the performance of a rectenna system subdivided the system into the antenna part (radiation to AC power conversion) and the circuit part (AC power to DC power conversion), and made assumptions about the performance of the non-linear part of the rectenna based on a specified power level and frequency, in this method, the radiation part of the system is incorporated into the simulation by using Thevenin theorem. The method proposed in this work enables the rectenna designer to predict the performance of the complete rectenna system, at the design stage, for variation in the incident field’s power density, angle of incidence, and operating frequency. Such performance prediction was not available before. Furthermore, the proposed method enables the rectenna designers to optimize the entire system over a portion of or the entire range of the operating frequency. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the method.
Emotional associative memory is disrupted by directed forgetting
Authors: Chalkia Anastasia , Vanhasbroeck Niels , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Kindt Merel , Beckers Tom
Published: October 2023

Memory is susceptible to voluntary disruption, for instance, through directed forgetting manipulations, in which people are cued to intentionally “forget” information. Until now, directed forgetting has been primarily studied for declarative memory performance. Here, we demonstrate that directed forgetting can also disrupt associative memories acquired through fear conditioning. In two experiments, participants showed poorer recognition and recall of images paired with electric shocks when instructed to forget, compared to when instructed to remember them. Further, they also showed weaker skin conductance responses to images paired with shocks that they were instructed to forget, despite repeated, full reinforcement of the aversive outcome. Our findings provide evidence for the effect of directed forgetting not only on declarative but also physiological read-outs of emotional memory, thereby suggesting that forgetting instructions can be applied to interfere with emotional associative memory.
Quantitative detection of RAS and KKS peptides in COVID-19 patient serum by stable isotope dimethyl labeling LC-MS
Authors: Ahiadu Ben K. , Ellis Thomas , Graichen Adam , Kremer Richard B. , Rusling James F.
Published: October 2023

Angiotensin and kinin metabolic pathways are reported to be altered by many diseases, including COVID-19.
Genetically encoded protein sensors for metal ion detection in biological systems: a review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Yuxueyuan , Pang ShuChao , Li Jingya , Lu Yun , Gao Chenxia , Xiao Yanyu , Chen Meiling , Wang Meng , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: October 2023

Metal ions are indispensable elements in living organisms and are associated with regulating various biological processes.
Constructing a carboxyl-rich angstrom-level trap in a metal–organic framework for the selective capture of lithium
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Ding Rui , Huang Hongliang , Liu Baosheng , Zhao Xudong
Published: October 2023

A metal–organic-framework-based Li+ ion trap was designed via tailoring linker functionality as well as free –COOH density.
Orthogonal chain collapse in stimuli-responsive di-block polymers leading to self-sorted nanostructures
Authors: Miglani Chirag , Banoo Maqsuma , Nath Debasish , Ralhan Jahanvi , Sil Soma , Joseph Jojo P. , Pal Santanu K. , Gautam Ujjal , Pal Asish
Published: October 2023

Di-block copolymers (P-b-C and P-b-F) self-assemble into vesicles that transform into micelles under external stimuli. Co-assembled vesicles of the polymers under orthogonal light and redox cues furnished self-sorted vesicles and micelles.
Enolate addition to bicyclobutanes enables expedient access to 2-oxo-bicyclohexane scaffolds
Authors: Woelk Kyla J. , Dhake Kushal , Schley Nathan D. , Leitch David C.
Published: October 2023

Functionalized bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanones are easily accessible via enolate addition to bicyclobutanes, including derivatives with an exocyclic amino group for further functionalization.
Design and analysis of a 2D grapheneplus (G+)-based gas sensor for the detection of multiple organic gases
Authors: Qin Danfeng , Chen Tong , Xie Luzhen , Yang Ning , Luo Cheng , Zhou Guanghui
Published: October 2023

The currents of G+, NG+ and BG+-based gas sensors are positively linear. Meanwhile, the gas sensors have different response signals to C2H4 and CH2O which can be effectively detected.
Quantitative 67Zn, 27Al and 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of Zn species in ZSM-5 catalysts
Authors: Avramovska Marija , Freude Dieter , Haase Jürgen , Toktarev Alexander V. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Gabrienko Anton A. , Stepanov Alexander G.
Published: October 2023

The signal of Zn in a tetrahedral environment was detected by 67Zn MAS NMR spectroscopy for the activated ZnO/H-ZSM-5 zeolite and that of Zn in an octahedral environment was detected for the hydrated Zn2+/ZSM-5 and ZnO/H-ZSM-5 zeolites.
First-principles study of the structures and superconductivity of H–S–La systems under high pressure
Authors: Xu Yin L. , Chen Yang M. , Yan Xiao Z. , Huang Yi B. , Zhou Xing Z. , Wu Quan X. , Sheng Xiao W. , Kuang Fang G.
Published: October 2023

We predicted four stable stoichiometries containing H2SLa, H3SLa, H4Sla, and H6SLa, and found that the calculated superconducting transition temperature of Cmcm-H6SLa is 23.6 K at 300 GPa.
Two-dimensional InTeClO3: an ultrawide-bandgap material with potential application in a deep ultraviolet photodetector
Authors: Yu Meiyang , Zhang Fumin , Gao Wenjiang , Shen Huimin , Kang Lili , Ju Lin , Yin Huabing
Published: October 2023

We predicted an ultrawide-bandgap 2D InTeClO3 material with promising photoresponse capacity and potential applications in a deep ultraviolet photodetector.
Refining the thermochemical properties of CF, SiF, and their cations by combining photoelectron spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and the Active Thermochemical Tables approach
Authors: Jacovella Ugo , Ruscic Branko , Chen Ning L. , Le Hai-Linh , Boyé-Péronne Séverine , Hartweg Sebastian , Chowdhury Madhusree Roy , Garcia Gustavo A. , Loison Jean-Christophe , Gans Bérenger
Published: October 2023

Thanks to combined ab initio calculations and experimental photoelectron studies of CF and SiF fluorinated radicals in the gas-phase, the thermochemical network of Active Thermochemical Tables was updated for these species and their cations.
Domain-specific chatbots for science using embeddings
Authors: Yager Kevin G.
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate how large language models (LLMs) can be adapted to domain-specific science topics by connecting them to a corpus of trusted documents.
Correction: Synthesis and characterization of heterometallic rings templated through alkylammonium or imidazolium cations
Authors: Alotaibi Rajeh , Booth Amy , Little Edmund , Brookfield Adam , Achari Amritroop , Lockyer Selena J. , Timco Grigore A. , Whitehead George F. S. , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Nair Rahul R. , Collison David , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of heterometallic rings templated through alkylammonium or imidazolium cations’ by Rajeh Alotaibi et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 7473–7481, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT00982C.
Synthesis, structural features, magnetic properties and thermal decomposition of a new series of polymeric Ln(iii)–Cr(iii) cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates
Authors: Bazhina Evgeniya S. , Shmelev Maxim A. , Voronina Julia K. , Korotkova Natalia A. , Babeshkin Konstantin A. , Matiukhina Anna K. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Gogoleva Natalia V. , Kottsov Sergey Yu. , Efimov Nikolay N. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: October 2023

In a new series of LnIII–CrIII cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates, a decrease in the Ln3+ ionic radius leads to a change in a space group and the transition of a 3D framework structure (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb) into a 2D layered one (Ln = Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb).
Construction of an S-scheme Bi2S3/CdIn2S4 heterojunction for the photocatalytic generation of methyl formate
Authors: Sun Lipeng , Wu Wenting , Wei Ruiping , Gao Lijing , Zhang Jin , Xiao Guoming , Pan Xiaomei
Published: October 2023

An S-scheme Bi2S3/CdIn2S4 heterojunction was synthesized via a simple solvothermal method and employed for the photocatalytic generation of methyl formate in methanol under CO2 conditions.
Molecular engineering of a commercially available NIR-II fluorescent cyanine dye for improved tumor targeting and imaging
Authors: Liu Yaxin , Lu Xiaomei , Zhou Wen , Fan Quli
Published: October 2023

A high-performance tumor targeting NIR-II fluorescence probe with both improved NIR-II fluorescence signal and tumor targeting capability is synthesized from commercially available NIR-II fluorescence dye via three simple steps.
Enhanced double resonance Raman scattering in multilayer graphene with broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dai Haolei , Wang Yujin , Zhao Jianwei , Liu Huan , Liu Zibo , Liu Dameng
Published: October 2023

Using broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, enhanced double resonance Raman LOZO' mode in multilayer graphene is observed with an intensity ratio to G mode significantly greater than standard Raman due to single pulse amplification.
Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanosheets evoke nitric oxide-dependent antibacterial effects
Authors: Peng Guotao , González Viviana , Vázquez Ester , Lundberg Jon O. , Fadeel Bengt
Published: October 2023

This study shows that 2D MoS2 nanosheets display cellular and acellular (enzyme mimetic) antibacterial effects.
Tuning nanoscale plasmon–exciton coupling via chemical interface damping
Authors: Dey Jyotirban , Virdi Alisha , Chandra Manabendra
Published: October 2023

Here, we demonstrate how chemical interface damping (CID) influences the nanoscale plasmon–exciton coupling strength.
Organocatalytic aldol approach for the protecting group-free asymmetric synthesis of (7R′)-parabenzlactone, (−)-hinokinin, (−)-yatein, (−)-bursehernin, (−)-pluviatolide, (+)-isostegane and allied lignans
Authors: Bera Mainak , Sen Biswajit , Garai Sujay , Hajra Saumen
Published: October 2023

Concise enantioselective synthesis of butyrolactone lignans is achieved, where an organocatalytic aldol reaction, hydrogenative debromination and stereoselective α-alkylation are key steps.
Vat 3D printing of full-alginate hydrogels via thiol–ene reactions towards tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zanon Michael , Montalvillo-Jiménez Laura , Cue-López Raquel , Martínez-Campos Enrique , Sangermano Marco , Chiappone Annalisa , Bosch Paula
Published: October 2023

Different synthetic strategies are explored to functionalize alginate with thiol and alkene groups. In this way an innovative full-alginate ink for digital light processing printers, based on the more biocompatible thiol–ene chemistry, is proposed.
Correction: An organic/inorganic coating strategy that greatly enhanced sensing performances and reliability of all-fabric piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Tian Guangliang , Xu Kangli , Huang Yaoli , You Xinxin , Yu Wenhua , Liu Honggang , Li Juan , Liu Jiawei , Jin Xiangyu , Li Haoxuan , Ke Qinfei , Huang Chen
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘An organic/inorganic coating strategy that greatly enhanced sensing performances and reliability of all-fabric piezoresistive sensors’ by Guangliang Tian et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA03415A.
Multicomponent imaging of the Fermi gamma-ray sky in the spatio-spectral domain
Authors: Scheel-Platz L. I. , Knollmüller J. , Arras P. , Frank P. , Reinecke M. , Jüstel D. , Enßlin T. A.
Published: October 2023

The gamma-ray sky as seen by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite is a superposition of emissions from many processes. To study them, a rich toolkit of analysis methods for gamma-ray observations has been developed, most of which rely on emission templates to model foreground emissions. Here, we aim to complement these methods by presenting a template-free spatio-spectral imaging approach for the gamma-ray sky, based on a phenomenological modeling of its emission components. It is formulated in a Bayesian variational inference framework and allows a simultaneous reconstruction and decomposition of the sky into multiple emission components, enabled by a self-consistent inference of their spatial and spectral correlation structures. Additionally, we formulated the extension of our imaging approach to template-informed imaging, which includes adding emission templates to our component models while retaining the “data-drivenness” of the reconstruction. We demonstrate the performance of the presented approach on the ten-year Fermi LAT data set. With both template-free and template-informed imaging, we achieve a high quality of fit and show a good agreement of our diffuse emission reconstructions with the current diffuse emission model published by the Fermi Collaboration. We quantitatively analyze the obtained data-driven reconstructions and critically evaluate the performance of our models, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and potential improvements. All reconstructions have been released as data products.
The EDIBLES survey
Authors: Fan Haoyu , Rocha Carlos M. R. , Cordiner Martin , Linnartz Harold , Cox Nick L. J. , Farhang Amin , Smoker Jonathan , Roueff Evelyne , Ehrenfreund Pascale , Salama Farid , Foing Bernard H. , Lallement Rosine , MacIsaac Heather , Kulik Klay , Sarre Peter , van Loon Jacco Th. , Cami Jan
Published: October 2023

Context. Small linear carbon chain radicals such as C2 and C3 act as both the building blocks and dissociation fragments of larger carbonaceous species. Their rotational excitation traces the temperature and density of local environments. However, these homo-nuclear di- and triatomic species are only accessible through their electronic and vibrational features because they lack a permanent dipole moment, and high signal-to-noise ratio data are necessary as the result of their generally low abundances in the interstellar medium (ISM).

Aims. In order to improve our understanding of small carbonaceous species in the ISM, we carried out a sensitive survey of C2 and C3 using the ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES) dataset. We also expanded our searches to C4, C5, and the 13C12C isotopologue in the most molecule-rich sightlines.

Methods. We fitted synthetic spectra generated following a physical excitation model to the C2 (2-0) Phillips band to obtain the C2 column density (N) as well as the kinetic temperature (Tkin) and number density (n) of the host cloud. The C3 molecule was measured through its Ã − $ \tilde X$ (000-000) electronic origin band system. We simulated the excitation of this band with a double-temperature Boltzmann distribution.

Results. We present the largest combined survey of C2 and C3 to date in which the individual transitions can be resolved. In total, we detected C2 in 51 velocity components along 40 sightlines, and C3 in 31 velocity components along 27 sightlines. Further analysis confirms the two molecules are detected in the same velocity components. We find a very good correlation between N(C2) and N(C3) with a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.93 and an average N(C2)/N(C3) ratio of 15.5± 1.4. A comparison with the behaviour of the C2 diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) shows that there are no clear differences among sightlines with and without detections of C2 and C3. This is in direct contrast to the better-studied non-C2 DIBs, which have reduced strengths in molecule-rich environments, consistent with the idea that the C2 DIBs are indeed a distinguishable DIB family. We also identify, for the first time, the Q(2), Q(3), and Q(4) transitions of the 13C12C (2-0) Phillips band in the stacked average spectrum of molecule-rich sightlines, and estimate the isotopic ratio of carbon 12C/13C to be 79±8, consistent with literature results. At this stage it is not yet possible to identify these transitions in individual sightlines. Our search for the C4 and C5 optical bands was unsuccessful; even in stacked spectra no unambiguous identification could be made.
A fresh perspective on the 3D dynamics of Tycho’s supernova remnant: Ejecta asymmetries in the X-ray band
Authors: Godinaud L. , Acero F. , Decourchelle A. , Ballet J.
Published: October 2023

Context. Even 450 yr after the explosion of the Type Ia SN 1572, the dynamics of the Tycho supernova remnant (Tycho’s SNR) can offer keys to improving our understanding of the explosion mechanism and the interaction of the remnant with the interstellar medium.

Aims. To probe the asymmetries and the evolution of the SNR, we tracked the ejecta dynamics using new methods applied to the deep X-ray observations available in the Chandra space telescope archive.

Methods. For the line-of-sight (LoS) velocity measurement (Vz), we used the Doppler effect focused on the bright Si line in the 1.6-2.1 keV band. Using the component separation tool called general morphological component analysis (GMCA), we successfully disentangled the red and blueshifted Si ejecta emission. This allowed us to reconstruct a map of the peak energy of the silicon line with a total coverage of the SNR at a 2″ resolution. We then obtained a proxy of the integrated velocity along the LoS. For the proper motions in the plane of the sky (Vxy), we developed a new method, called Poisson optical flow (POF), to measure the displacement of two-dimensional (2D) features between the observations of 2003 and 2009. The result is a field of around 1700 velocity vectors covering the entire SNR.

Results. These exhaustive three-dimensional (3D) velocity measurements reveal the complex dynamics of Tycho’s SNR. Our study sheds light on a patchy Vz map, where most regions are dominated by the foreground or the background part of the shell. On a large scale, an asymmetry is seen, with the north being dominantly blueshifted and the south redshifted. The proper-motion vector field, Vxy, highlights different dynamics between the eastern and the western parts of the SNR. The eastern velocity field is more disturbed by external inhomogeneities and the south-east ejecta knot. In particular, a slow-down is observed in the north-east, which could be due to the interaction with higher densities, as seen in other wavelengths. The vector field is also used to backtrace the center of the explosion, which is then compared with potential stellar progenitors in the area. The latest Gaia DR3 parallax measurements exclude most stellar candidates based on their distances, leaving only stars B and E as possible candidates, at respective distances of 2.53−0.20+0.23 kpc and 3.52−1.0+2.0 kpc, which are consistent with the expected distance range of the SNR at 2.5–4 kpc.
Galaxy cluster mass accretion rates from IllustrisTNG
Authors: Pizzardo Michele , Geller Margaret J. , Kenyon Scott J. , Damjanov Ivana , Diaferio Antonaldo
Published: October 2023

We used simulated cluster member galaxies from the TNG300-1 run of the IllustrisTNG simulations to develop a technique for measuring the galaxy cluster mass accretion rate (MAR) that can be applied directly to observations. We analyzed 1318 IllustrisTNG clusters of galaxies with M200c > 1014 M⊙ and 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 1.04. The MAR we derived is the ratio between the mass of a spherical shell located in the infall region and the time for the infalling shell to accrete onto the virialized region of the cluster. At fixed redshift, an approximately one order of magnitude increase in M200c results in a comparable increase in MAR. At fixed mass, the MAR increases by a factor of approximately five from z = 0.01 to z = 1.04. The MAR estimates derived from the caustic technique are unbiased and lie within 20% of the MARs based on the true mass profiles. This agreement is crucial for observational derivation of the MAR. The IllustrisTNG results are also consistent with (i) previous merger tree approaches based on N-body dark matter only simulations and with (ii) previously determined MARs of real clusters based on the caustic method. Future spectroscopic and photometric surveys will provide MARs of enormous cluster samples with mass profiles derived from both spectroscopy and weak lensing. Combined with future larger volume hydrodynamical simulations that extend to higher redshift, the MAR promises important insights into the evolution of massive systems of galaxies.
Graceful game on some graph classes
Authors: de Oliveira Deise L. , Artigas Danilo , Dantas Simone , Frickes Luisa , Luiz Atílio G.
Published: October 2023

A graceful labeling of a graph G with m edges consists in labeling the vertices of G with distinct integers from 0 to m such that each edge is uniquely identified by the absolute difference of the labels of its endpoints. In this work, we study the graceful labeling problem in the context of maker-breaker graph games. The Graceful Game was introduced by Tuza, in 2017, as a two-players game on a connected graph in which the players, Alice and Bob, take moves labeling the vertices with distinct integers from 0 to m. Players are constrained to use only legal labelings (moves), that is, after a move, all edge labels are distinct. Alice’s goal is to obtain a graceful labeling for the graph, as Bob’s goal is to prevent it from happening. In this work, we study winning strategies for Alice and Bob in graph classes: paths, complete graphs, cycles, complete bipartite graphs, caterpillars, trees, gear graphs, web graphs, prisms, hypercubes, 2-powers of paths, wheels and fan graphs.
Sterbeortentwicklung über zwei Jahrzehnte in der Stadt
Münster – eine Observationsstudie auf Basis ausgewerteter
Todesbescheinigungen
Authors: Dasch Burkhard
Published: October 2023

Ziel der Studie Die Studie untersuchte die Sterbeortverteilung in der
westfälischen Stadt Münster über einen
Beobachtungszeitraum von 20 Jahren.Methode Sämtliche
Todesbescheinigungen der Stadt Münster der Jahre 2001, 2011, 2017, 2021
wurden nach dem Sterbeort (Zuhause (HA), Krankenhaus (KH), Hospiz (HO),
Pflegeheim (PH), sonstiger Ort (SO)) ausgewertet. Für
Krankenhauspatienten wurden zudem Sterbefälle auf Intensivstationen
(ICU) und Palliativstationen (PAL) separat betrachtet. Jegliche
ärztliche Angabe zur Todesursache wurde herangezogen, um Verstorbene mit
einer bösartigen Tumorerkrankung bzw. mit einer dementiellen Erkrankung
zu identifizieren..Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 14.240
Todesbescheinigungen ausgewertet. In 34,0% war eine bösartige
Tumorerkrankung, in 11,1% eine Demenzerkrankung dokumentiert worden. Die
Sterbeortverteilung für die Allgemeinbevölkerung war wie folgt
verteilt (2001/2021; %): HA (24,0/14,6); KH
(63,2/60,2) [ICU (13,3/24,6), PAL (0,0/10,9)], HO
(3,8/4,9), PH (7,8/19,5), SO (1,1/0,7). Tumorerkrankte
verstarben primär im Krankenhaus (2021: 60,6%), selten Zuhause
(2021: 15,4%). Von 2001 bis 2021 stieg der Anteil auf einer
Palliativstation verstorbener Krebspatienten deutlich an
(+24,4%); Hospize verzeichnete einen moderaten Anstieg
(+5,0%). Demenzerkrankte verstarben überwiegend in
Pflegeheimen (2021: 66,6%) und in geringer Häufigkeit Zuhause
(2021: 12,2%).Schlussfolgerung Für die
Allgemeinbevölkerung und für Tumorerkrankte stellt im Jahr 2021
das Krankenhaus, für Demenzerkrankte das Pflegeheim den
häufigsten Sterbeort dar. Insgesamt nehmen Sterbefälle Zuhause
über die Zeit kontinuierlich ab. Bei Tumorerkrankten erlangen
Palliativstationen und Hospize, bei demenzerkrankten Personen besonders
stationäre Pflegeheime als Sterbeorte eine zunehmende Bedeutung.
Anthroposophische Medizin bei Neurodermitis im Kindesalter
Authors: Michael Karin
Published: October 2023

Die Neurodermitis im Kindesalter ist ein multifaktorielles Krankheitsgeschehen und häufiges Thema in der pädiatrischen und hausärztlichen Sprechstunde. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Ursachen, der Neigung zu langwierigen Verläufen oder der Umwandlung in andere Erkrankungen des atopischen Formenkreises ist dieses Krankheitsbild ein häufiger Anlass zur Frage der Eltern nach integrativmedizinischen Therapieansätzen. Die Anthroposophische Medizin ist als integrative Heilmethode immer bemüht, dem Menschen auf allen Ebenen seines Daseins gerecht zu werden. Bei chronischen Hauterkrankungen wie der Neurodermitis erscheint das unverzichtbar. So kann schon ein einziger aufregender Tag für ein Kind mit Neurodermitis eine massive Verschlechterung des Hautbildes und eine entsprechend von seinem Juckreiz beherrschte schlaflose Nacht für die ganze Familie bedeuten. Der Beitrag beschreibt einige grundlegende Aspekte der Herangehensweise dieser Heilmethode.
Positionspapier zur Implementierung eines nationalen organisierten Programms
in Deutschland zur Früherkennung von Lungenkrebs in Risikopopulationen mittels
Low-Dose-CT-Screening inklusive Management von abklärungsbedürftigen
Screening-Befunden
Authors: Hoffmann Hans , Kaaks Rudolf , Andreas Stefan , Bauer Torsten T. , Barkhausen Jörg , Harth Volker , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Pankow Wulf , Welcker Katrin , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Blum Torsten Gerriet ,   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (Vorstand der Deutschen
          Röntgengesellschaft: Prof. Dr. med. Konstantin Nikolaou, Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Barkhausen,
          Prof. Dr. med. Christiane Kuhl, Dr. rer. nat. Frank Anton, Dr. med. Stefan Neuman, Prof.
          Dr. med. Arnd Dörfler, PD Dr. med. Friederike Körber, Prof. Dr. rer. medic. Martin
          Fiebich, Prof. Dr. med. Gerald Antoch, Dr. med. Kerstin Westphalen, Prof. Dr. Ulrike
          Attenberger, Prof. Dr. med. Frank Wacker, Prof. Dr. med. Johannes
          Weßling),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (Vorstand
          der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin: Prof. Dr. med. Wolfram
          Windisch, Prof. Dr. med. Christian Taube, Prof. Dr. med. Torsten T. Bauer, Prof. Dr. med.
          Antje Prasse),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (Vorstand der Deutschen
          Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie: Dr. med. Katrin Welcker, Dr. med. Ludger Hillejan, Prof.
          Dr. med. Hans-Stefan Hofmann, PD Dr. med. habil. Robert Scheubel, Dr. med. Erich Hecker,
          Prof. Dr. med. Corinna Ludwig, Prof. Dr. med. Thorsten Walles, Prof. Dr. med. Hauke
          Winter)
Published: October 2023

Der Prozess zur Implementierung der Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit Niedrigdosis-CT (LDCT)
in Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Dynamik gewonnen. Es wird erwartet,
dass der von den Fachgesellschaften kommentierte Referentenentwurf des Bundesministeriums
für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) zur
Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung noch bis Ende 2023 in Kraft tritt. Basierend auf dieser
Verordnung wird der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) zeitnah ein Programm zur
Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit LDCT aufsetzten. In diesem Positionspapier stellen die im
Lungenkrebs-Screening beteiligten Fachgesellschaften erstmals konkrete Eckpunkte für ein
einheitliches, strukturiertes und qualitätsgesichertes Früherkennungsprogramm für
Lungenkrebs in Deutschland vor, um zu diesem Prozess konstruktiv beizutragen.
Complications of the Rigid Spine
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Vanhoenacker Charlotte , Lalam Radhesh
Published: October 2023

We present a short overview of the most common causes and imaging findings of a rigid spine including long-standing spondylarthritis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, and the less common ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The article also focuses on the pathogenesis and imaging findings of acute complications of the rigid spine due to fractures. These fractures may occur even after minor trauma and are difficult to detect on initial radiographs, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. They are often unstable with a high risk of severe neurologic complications, leading to high morbidity and mortality both in the initial phase and in the months following the fracture. Because the negative predictive value of conventional radiography is low, every patient with a rigid spine with newly appearing pain should be referred for subsequent cross-sectional imaging.
Imaging the Posterior Elements of the Spine
Authors: Eede Nick Van den , Friedrich Klaus M. , Hauwe Luc van den
Published: October 2023

The posterior elements of the spine consist of the pedicles, laminae, facets (articular processes), transverse processes, and the spinous process. They are essential for spinal stability, protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots, and enabling movement of the spine. Pathologies affecting the posterior elements can cause significant pain and disability. Imaging techniques, such as conventional radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are crucial for the diagnosis and evaluation of pathology, enabling accurate localization, characterization, and staging of the disease.
What the Musculoskeletal Radiologist Needs to Know About the Vascular Anatomy of the Spine and Spinal Cord
Authors: Duarte Armindo Rui , Vilela Pedro
Published: October 2023

This article describes the vascular anatomy of the spine and spinal cord, highlighting key structures and anatomical variations relevant to musculoskeletal radiologists. It covers the arterial and venous drainage systems, along with examples of vascular conditions affecting the spine. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the spine and spinal cord is crucial for accurate interpretation of imaging studies and safe spinal interventional procedures. Imaging techniques for evaluating vascular pathology of the spine are discussed and compared. Understanding vascular anatomy and the most common vascular disorders will lead to an accurate diagnosis and suggest the appropriate type of study needed for further characterization and/or patient management.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Acute Care Setting for Intravenous Levetiracetam (Focale) in Children
Authors: Tiamkao Siriporn , Ruangritkul Preechaya , Chainirun Nanthaphan , Hutthawanichakornkul Tarnthip , Bungtong Issara , Thongjankaew Pinjutha , Mungmanitmongkol Sineenard , Tiamkao Somsak , Auvichayapat Narong , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak ,   on Behalf of Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University
Published: October 2023

Background Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological emergency with a high mortality rate. Although levetiracetam is an effective antiepileptic drug for managing SE, its excessive cost may limit its accessibility. Focale, a more affordable generic version, is currently available and is more than 50% less expensive than the original version. However, there is currently no study on the efficacy and safety of Focale in pediatric patients with SE.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the antiepileptic drug, Focale, in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study that examined 131 pediatric patients younger than 18 years, who were treated with Focale for seizure control and prevention between June 2019 and November 2022.

Results A total of 131 patients were included in the study, of which 73 (55.7%) were male. The age group with the highest frequency was 0 to 3 years old (28.2%). Focale was used with the following indications: (1) SE (45.04%), (2) acute repetitive convulsive seizures (22.14%), (3) primary prophylaxis (26.72%), (4) acute first seizure (1.52%), and (5) patients with epilepsy with nothing per oral (4.58%). Regarding the outcomes, the seizure-controlled rate in the seizure group was 81.1%, while the seizure prevention rate was 92.7% for those who received Focale as a seizure prophylaxis. Only 2 out of 131 patients had experienced adverse effects (1.5%).

Conclusion The generic intravenous levetiracetam treatment had high seizure-controlled rate in patients with seizure attacks and seizure prevention rate in the seizure prophylaxis group in pediatric patients. Side effects of this regimen in pediatric patients were low.
Pneumatic Insufflation to Confirm Distal Stoma When in Doubt
Authors: Saxena Akshay Kumar , Subramanian Pavithra , Bhatia Anmol , Sodhi Kushaljit Singh
Published: October 2023

Background Distal colostogram and ileostogram are commonly performed radiological procedures in the pediatric population. It is sometimes difficult to identify the distal stoma while performing these procedures.

Aim The aim of this study was to describe a technique for the confident identification of distal stoma.

Methods Injection of a small quantity of air through the catheterized stoma and following it can help to identify the stoma, as proximal or distal, based on anatomy of the delineated bowel.

Conclusion Pneumatic insufflation is a simple, quick procedure to confidently identify the distal stoma whenever in doubt.
Reproducibility and Explainability of Deep Learning in Mammography: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Bhalla Deeksha , Rangarajan Krithika , Chandra Tany , Banerjee Subhashis , Arora Chetan
Published: October 2023

Background Although abundant literature is currently available on the use of deep learning for breast cancer detection in mammography, the quality of such literature is widely variable.

Purpose To evaluate published literature on breast cancer detection in mammography for reproducibility and to ascertain best practices for model design.

Methods The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify records that described the use of deep learning to detect lesions or classify images into cancer or noncancer. A modification of Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (mQUADAS-2) tool was developed for this review and was applied to the included studies. Results of reported studies (area under curve [AUC] of receiver operator curve [ROC] curve, sensitivity, specificity) were recorded.

Results A total of 12,123 records were screened, of which 107 fit the inclusion criteria. Training and test datasets, key idea behind model architecture, and results were recorded for these studies. Based on mQUADAS-2 assessment, 103 studies had high risk of bias due to nonrepresentative patient selection. Four studies were of adequate quality, of which three trained their own model, and one used a commercial network. Ensemble models were used in two of these. Common strategies used for model training included patch classifiers, image classification networks (ResNet in 67%), and object detection networks (RetinaNet in 67%). The highest reported AUC was 0.927 ± 0.008 on a screening dataset, while it reached 0.945 (0.919–0.968) on an enriched subset. Higher values of AUC (0.955) and specificity (98.5%) were reached when combined radiologist and Artificial Intelligence readings were used than either of them alone. None of the studies provided explainability beyond localization accuracy. None of the studies have studied interaction between AI and radiologist in a real world setting.

Conclusion While deep learning holds much promise in mammography interpretation, evaluation in a reproducible clinical setting and explainable networks are the need of the hour.