bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Walk in a N-Cube Without Hamiltonian Cycle to Chaotic Pseudorandom Number Generation: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Contassot-Vivier Sylvain , Couchot Jean-François , Guyeux Christophe , Heam Pierre-Cyrille
Published: February 2017

Designing a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is a difficult and complex task. Many recent works have considered chaotic functions as the basis of built PRNGs: the quality of the output would indeed be an obvious consequence of some chaos properties. However, there is no direct reasoning that goes from chaotic functions to uniform distribution of the output. Moreover, embedding such kind of functions into a PRNG does not necessarily allow to get a chaotic output, which could be required for simulating some chaotic behaviors.

In a previous work, some of the authors have proposed the idea of walking into a [Formula: see text]-cube where a balanced Hamiltonian cycle has been removed as the basis of a chaotic PRNG. In this article, all the difficult issues observed in the previous work have been tackled. The chaotic behavior of the whole PRNG is proven. The construction of the balanced Hamiltonian cycle is theoretically and practically solved. An upper bound of the expected length of the walk to obtain a uniform distribution is calculated. Finally practical experiments show that the generators successfully pass the classical statistical tests.
Unilateral Global Bifurcation, Half-Linear Eigenvalues and Constant Sign Solutions for a Fractional Laplace Problem
Authors: Yang Bian-Xia , Sun Hong-Rui , Feng Zhaosheng
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we are concerned with the unilateral global bifurcation structure of fractional differential equation [Formula: see text] with nondifferentiable nonlinearity [Formula: see text]. It shows that there are two distinct unbounded subcontinua [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] consisting of the continuum [Formula: see text] emanating from [Formula: see text], and two unbounded subcontinua [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] consisting of the continuum [Formula: see text] emanating from [Formula: see text]. As an application of this unilateral global bifurcation results, we present the existence of the principal half-eigenvalues of the half-linear fractional eigenvalue problem. Finally, we deal with the existence of constant sign solutions for a class of fractional nonlinear problems. Main results of this paper generalize the known results on classical Laplace operators to fractional Laplace operators.
A mixed virtual element method for the Brinkman problem
Authors: Cáceres Ernesto , Gatica Gabriel N. , Sequeira Filánder A.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a mixed virtual element method (mixed-VEM) for the two-dimensional Brinkman model of porous media flow with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. More precisely, we employ a dual-mixed formulation in which the only unknown is given by the pseudostress, whereas the velocity and pressure are computed via postprocessing formulae. We first recall the corresponding variational formulation, and then summarize the main mixed-VEM ingredients that are required for our discrete analysis. In particular, in order to define a calculable discrete bilinear form, whose continuous version involves deviatoric tensors, we propose two well-known alternatives for the local projector onto a suitable polynomial subspace, which allows the explicit integration of these terms. Next, we show that the global discrete bilinear form satisfies the hypotheses required by the Lax–Milgram lemma. In this way, we conclude the well-posedness of our mixed-VEM scheme and derive the associated a priori error estimates for the virtual solution as well as for the fully computable projection of it. Furthermore, we also introduce a second element-by-element postprocessing formula for the pseudostress, which yields an optimally convergent approximation of this unknown with respect to the broken ℍ(div)-norm. Finally, several numerical results illustrating the good performance of the method and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence are presented.
Some properties of Artinian modules and applications
Authors: An Tran Nguyen
Published: February 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a Noetherian local ring and [Formula: see text] be an Artinian [Formula: see text]-module. Consider the following property for [Formula: see text] : [Formula: see text] In this paper, we study the property (∗) of [Formula: see text] in order to investigate the relation of system of parameters between [Formula: see text] and the ring [Formula: see text]. We also show that the property (∗) of [Formula: see text] has strong connection with the structure of base ring. Some applications to cofinite Artinian module are given. These are generalizations of [N. Abazari and K. Bahmanpour, A note on the Artinian cofinite modules, Comm. Algebra. 42 (2014) 1270–1275; G. Ghasemi, K. Bahmanpour and J. Azami, On the cofiniteness of Artinian local cohomology modules, J. Algebra Appl. 15(4) (2016), Article ID: 1650070, 8 pp.] A generalization of Lichtenbaum–Hartshorne Vanishing Theorem is also given in this paper.
EMD-based steganography techniques for JPEG2000 encoded images
Authors: Kasana Geeta , Singh Kulbir , Bhatia Satvinder Singh
Published: February 2017

In JPEG2000 standard, the number of bit planes of wavelet coefficients to be used in encoding is dependent on the compression ratio as well as subbands. These significant wavelet bit planes can be utilized to embed bits of secret data as they are retained in the final bit stream after Tier-2 encoding. In proposed techniques, the above mentioned concept have been utilized to embed secret data bits in lowest significant bit planes of the quantized wavelet coefficients of a cover image. In first technique, secret data is converted into a series of symbols using multiple bases notational system. These bases are selected by using the degree of local variation of coefficient values of the cover image so that coefficient of a complex region can potentially carry more secret data bits as compared to coefficients of smooth region. Symbols of secret data are embedded into bit planes of significant quantized wavelet coefficients by using EMD approaches. In second technique, the secret data bits are embedded into significant quantized wavelet coefficients by using modified EMD. Experimental results show that these proposed techniques provide large embedding capacity and better visual quality stego images than existing steganography techniques applicable to JPEG2000 compressed images. It has also been shown that modified EMD-based technique is better than EMD with multiple bases notational system (MBNS)-based technique.
Deformations of Poisson structures on fibered manifolds and adiabatic slow–fast systems
Authors: Avendaño-Camacho Misael , Vorobiev Yury
Published: February 2017

In the context of normal forms, we study a class of slow–fast Hamiltonian systems on general Poisson fiber bundles with symmetry. Our geometric approach is motivated by a link between the deformation theory for Poisson structures on fibered manifolds and the adiabatic perturbation theory. We present some normalization results which are based on the averaging theorem for horizontal 2-cocycles on Poisson fiber bundles.
Shaft potential inspired warm inflation
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Ilyas Amara , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: February 2017

We discuss the warm inflation in the presence of shaft potential [Formula: see text], tachyon scalar field and the generalized form of dissipative coefficient [Formula: see text]. In this respect, we investigate the inflationary parameters (slow-roll parameters, number of e-folds, scalar-tensor power spectra, spectral indices, tensor-to-scalar ratio and running of scalar spectral index) in both strong and weak dissipative regimes. It is interesting to mention that our inflationary parametric results (tensor-scalar ratio, spectral index and running of spectral) are consistent with the recent observational data such as BICEP[Formula: see text], WMAP[Formula: see text] and latest Planck data.
FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS INFORMALITY AMONG EGYPTIAN OPPORTUNITY ENTREPRENEURS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: ELHENNAWI KAREEM
Published: February 2017

There are many underlying reasons justifying the importance of researching the informal economy from the academic and the practical perspectives. Evidence suggests that commercial activities generated by the informal economy could constitute an average of thirty percent of all commercial activities across the world with informal entrepreneurship consuming a big chunk of such activities. This research will focus on exploring the antecedents of informal entrepreneurship in Egypt as a developing country that is still undergoing a complicated political and economic phase that started in the financial crisis of 2008 passing by the revolution in 2011 and the subsequent corrective revolution in 2013.
Some inequalities for trace class operators via a Kato’s result
Authors: Dragomir S. S.
Published: February 2017

By the use of the celebrated Kato’s inequality, we obtain in this paper some new inequalities for trace class operators on a complex Hilbert space [Formula: see text] Natural applications for functions defined by power series of normal operators are given as well.
On ordinary and weighted Harary indices of Mycielski graphs
Authors: Azari Mahdieh
Published: February 2017

The Mycielski’s construction is a well-known construction on graphs which transforms a [Formula: see text]-chromatic triangle-free graph [Formula: see text] into a [Formula: see text]-chromatic triangle-free graph [Formula: see text] which is called the Mycielski graph of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute the Harary index, additively weighted Harary index, and multiplicatively weighted Harary index of the Mycielski graph of any simple connected graph with girth greater than [Formula: see text].
Polymorphic Manifest Contracts, Revised and Resolved
Authors: Sekiyama Taro , Igarashi Atsushi , Greenberg Michael
Published: February 2017

Manifest contracts track precise program properties by refining types with predicates—for example, {
x
:Int∣
x
> 0} denotes the positive integers. Contracts and polymorphism make a natural combination: programmers can give strong contracts to abstract types, precisely stating pre- and post conditions while hiding implementation details— for instance, an abstract type of stacks might specify that the pop operation has input type {
x
:α Stack ∣ not (empty
x
)}.

This article studies a polymorphic calculus with manifest contracts and establishes fundamental properties including type soundness and relational parametricity. Indeed, this is not the first work on polymorphic manifest contracts, but existing calculi are not very satisfactory. Gronski et al. developed the S
age
language, which introduces polymorphism through the Type:Type discipline, but they do not study parametricity. Some authors of this article have produced two separate works: Belo et al. [2011] and Greenberg [2013] studied polymorphic manifest contracts and parametricity, but their calculi have metatheoretical problems in the type conversion relations. Indeed, they depend on a few conjectures, which turn out to be false. Our calculus is the first polymorphic manifest calculus with parametricity, depending on no conjectures—it resolves the issues in prior calculi with delayed substitution on casts.
Introducing Mood Self-Tracking at Work
Authors: Rivera-Pelayo Verónica , Fessl Angela , Müller Lars , Pammer Viktoria
Published: February 2017

The benefits of self-tracking have been thoroughly investigated in private areas of life, like health or sustainable living, but less attention has been given to the impact and benefits of self-tracking in work-related settings. Through two field studies, we introduced and evaluated a mood self-tracking application in two call centers to investigate the role of mood self-tracking at work, as well as its impact on individuals and teams. Our studies indicate that mood self-tracking is accepted and can improve performance if the application is well integrated into the work processes and matches the management style. The results show that (i) capturing moods and explicitly relating them to work tasks facilitated reflection, (ii) mood self-tracking increased emotional awareness and this improved cohesion within teams, and (iii) proactive reactions by managers to trends and changes in team members’ mood were key for acceptance of reflection and correlated with measured improvements in work performance. These findings help to better understand the role and potential of self-tracking at the workplace, and further provide insights that guide future researchers and practitioners to design and introduce these tools in a work setting.
Cocoa
Authors: Yi Xiaomeng , Liu Fangming , Niu Di , Jin Hai , Lui John C. S.
Published: February 2017

Although the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud offers diverse instance types to users, a significant portion of cloud users, especially those with small and short demands, cannot find an instance type that exactly fits their needs or fully utilize purchased instance-hours. In the meantime, cloud service providers are also faced with the challenge to consolidate small, short jobs, which exhibit strong dynamics, to effectively improve resource utilization. To handle such inefficiencies and improve cloud resource utilization, we propose
Cocoa (COmputing in COntAiners)
, a novel group buying mechanism that organizes jobs with complementary resource demands into groups and allocates them to group buying deals predefined by cloud providers. Each group buying deal offers a resource pool for all the jobs in the deal, which can be implemented as either a virtual machine or a physical server. By running each user job on a virtualized container, our mechanism allows flexible resource sharing among different users in the same group buying deal, while improving resource utilization for cloud providers. To organize jobs with varied resource demands and durations into groups, we model the initial static group organization as a variable-sized vector bin packing problem, and the subsequent dynamic group organization problem as an online multidimensional knapsack problem. Through extensive simulations driven by a large amount of real usage traces from a Google cluster, we evaluate the potential cost reduction achieved by
Cocoa
. We show that through the effective combination and interaction of the proposed static and dynamic group organization strategies,
Cocoa
greatly outperforms the existing cloud workload consolidation mechanism, substantiating the feasibility of group buying in cloud computing.
Impact of a False-Positive Screening Mammogram on Subsequent Screening Behavior and Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Dabbous Firas M. , Dolecek Therese A. , Berbaum Michael L. , Friedewald Sarah M. , Summerfelt Wm. Thomas , Hoskins Kent , Rauscher Garth H.
Published: February 2017

Background: Experiencing a false positive (FP) screening mammogram is economically, physically, and emotionally burdensome, which may affect future screening behavior by delaying the next scheduled mammogram or by avoiding screening altogether. We sought to examine the impact of a FP screening mammogram on the subsequent screening mammography behavior.

Methods: Delay in obtaining subsequent screening was defined as any mammogram performed more than 12 months from index mammogram. The Kaplan–Meier (product limit) estimator and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the unadjusted delay and the hazard ratio (HR) of delay of the subsequent screening mammogram within the next 36 months from the index mammogram date.

Results: A total of 650,232 true negative (TN) and 90,918 FP mammograms from 261,767 women were included. The likelihood of a subsequent mammogram was higher in women experiencing a TN result than women experiencing a FP result (85.0% vs. 77.9%, P < 0.001). The median delay in returning to screening was higher for FP versus TN (13 months vs. 3 months, P < 0.001). Women with TN result were 36% more likely to return to screening in the next 36 months compared with women with a FP result HR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.35–1.37). Experiencing a FP mammogram increases the risk of late stage at diagnosis compared with prior TN mammogram (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Women with a FP mammogram were more likely to delay their subsequent screening compared with women with a TN mammogram.

Impact: A prior FP experience may subsequently increase the 4-year cumulative risk of late stage at diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 397–403. ©2017 AACR.
Measured Adiposity in Relation to Head and Neck Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Ward Heather A. , Wark Petra A. , Muller David C. , Steffen Annika , Johansson Mattias , Norat Teresa , Gunter Marc J. , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C. , Halkjær Jytte , Tjønneland Anne , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Fagherazzi Guy , Mesrine Sylvie , Brennan Paul , Freisling Heinz , Li Kuanrong , Kaaks Rudolf , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Panico Salavatore , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Palli Domenico , Peeters Petra H.M. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Agudo Antonio , Quirós Jose Ramón , Larrañaga Nerea , Ardanaz Eva , Huerta José María , Sánchez María-José , Laurell Göran , Johansson Ingegerd , Westin Ulla , Wallström Peter , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Pearson Clare , Boeing Heiner , Riboli Elio
Published: February 2017

Background: Emerging evidence from cohort studies indicates that adiposity is associated with greater incidence of head and neck cancer. However, most studies have used self-reported anthropometry which is prone to error.

Methods: Among 363,094 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC) with measured anthropometry, there were 837 incident cases of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer risk was examined in relation to body mass index (BMI) [lean: <22.5 kg/m2, normal weight (reference): 22.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, obese: ≥30 kg/m2], waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: Among men, a BMI < 22.5 kg/m2 was associated with higher head and neck cancer risk [HR 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.12)]; BMI was not associated with head and neck cancer among women. WC and WHR were associated with greater risk of head and neck cancer among women (WC per 5 cm: HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.15; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.38–1.93). After stratification by smoking status, the association for WHR was present only among smokers (Pinteraction = 0.004). Among men, WC and WHR were associated with head and neck cancer only upon additional adjustment for BMI (WC per 5 cm: HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07–1.26; WHR per 0.1 unit: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21–1.65).

Conclusions: Central adiposity, particularly among women, may have a stronger association with head and neck cancer risk than previously estimated.

Impact: Strategies to reduce obesity may beneficially impact head and neck cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 895–904. ©2017 AACR.
ПОЛІОМІЄЛІТ: НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ НА ШЛЯХУ ДО ЕРАДИКАЦІЇ
Authors: Zadorozhna V. Z. , Tsyganchuk O. M.
Published: February 2017

Незважаючи на очевидний прогрес у здійсненні Глобальної ініціативи по ліквідації поліомієліту (з 1988 р. кількість випадків поліомієліту скоротилася більш ніж на 99,9 %, припинення циркуляції «диких» поліовірусів типів 1 і 3, зменшилася кількість ендемічних з поліомієліту країн від 125 до 3 і т. д.), ряд невирішених питань залишаються, що перешкоджає досягненню кінцевої мети (тривала циркуляця «дикого» штаму поліовірусу 1 типу, формування вакциноспоріднених вірусів (VDPVs) і пов’язаних з ними ризиків, випадки вакцинасоційованого паралітичного поліомієліту (VAPP), прогалини в програмах імунізації деяких країн). У 2015 р. в Україні був спалах поліомієліту, спричинений циркулюючим вірусом VDPV1 (cVDPV1). Це сталося на тлі зниження планової вакцинації проти поліомієліту (наприклад, в 2014 р. – 44,7 %, за 7 міс. 2015 р. – 17,3 %). Це сприяло накопиченню неімунного прошарку серед дітей і формуванню VDPVs. У відповідь на спалах поліомієліту було проведено три раунди імунізації ОПВ. Проте їх рівні були недостатніми (відповідно 64,4, 71,7 і 80,7 % порівняно з необхідними 95 %). У той же час, результати спостереження показали високу ймовірність припинення циркуляції вірусу VDPV1.
РОЛЬ ГЕНЕТИЧНИХ МОДИФІКАЦІЙ ФАКТОРІВ ПРИРОДНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ ПРИ МЕНІНГІТІ
Authors: Shulyak V. I.
Published: February 2017

Менінгіт (М) є небезпечним для життя інфекційним захворюванням центральної нервової системи, проблема лікування якого залишається актуальною у зв’язку з великим відсотком ускладнень і залишкових явищ. Серед систем організму, що забезпечують успіх боротьби з інфекцією, провідну роль відіграє імунітет, який включає фактори природної (вродженої) і адаптивної (набутої) ланки. Фактори природного імунітету забезпечують захист організму на початковому етапі від більшості збудників, здатних викликати М. Дефекти генів, відповідальних за фактори природного імунітету, створюють умови, коли організм не може впоратися з патогенами, внаслідок чого макроорганізм вибудовує міцнішу оборону за допомогою адаптивного імунітету.
Оцінка дослідження функціонального стану жувальних м’язів у пацієнтів з ураженнями тканин пародонта на фоні супутньої герпесвірусної інфекції
Authors: Doroshenko O. M. , Volosovets T. M. , Doroshenko M. V. , Klochan S. M. , Andrusenko A. S.
Published: February 2017

The rapid development of dentistry, the problem of quality treatment pathology of periodontal tissue against decrease of general and local factors of resistance of the organism in lesions of herpes virus remains unsolved. This significantly worse function of the teeth-jaw system, including function of masticatory muscles electromyographic study which is one of the leading diagnostic methods in dentistry.The aim of the work was the determination of the functional status of masticatory muscles in patients with chronic periodontal tissue pathology and concomitant herpes virus infection in conditions intact dentition. Electromyographic study conducted on 26 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of I–II severity stage against the background of concomitant herpes virus infection using neuroelectromiograf M-Test production system combining diverticular disease (Kharkiv). In patients with pathology of periodontal tissues and concomitant chronic herpes virus infections we detected a significant change in the activity of chewing muscles and functional changes of the teeth-jaw system. Its the need to develop effective methods of prevention and treatment of functions tooth-jaw system in patients with pathology of periodontal tissue on the background of concomitant chronic herpes infection.
Клінічна оцінка якості реставрацій жувальної групи зубів у дітей, виконаних композитними матеріалами
Authors: Bezvushko E. V. , Spotiuk O. O.
Published: February 2017

This paper describes the clinical performance of restorations made of composite materials for hard tissue restoration in children. Assessment of the state of restorations performed after 3, 6, 12 months after the restoration of hard tissue of teeth criteria USPHS (United States Public Health Service) (Ryge G., 1980, 1981), the following factors: anatomical form, marginal adaptation, hard surface boundary color, matching color, discomfort, sensitivity.
Стан стоматологічного здоров’я дітей, які хворіють на дисметаболічні нефропатії
Authors: Luchynskyi V. M. , Luchynska I. L. , Shcherba V. V.
Published: February 2017

The urgency of this work is conditioned with the necessity to study dental health of children with dismetabolic nephropathy influenced by toxic environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to explore the prevalence and intensity of dental caries and periodontal tissue diseases in children suffering from dismetabolic nephropathy and living in different environmental conditions. To clarify the goals and objectives of the study there were examined 356 children aged 6–15 years with dismetabolic nephropathy living in different environmental conditions. Analysis of the survey results showed that in children with dismetabolic nephropathy who live in ecologically unfavorable region there is a high prevalence (91.56±2.15%) and intensity (7.36±0.29 carious teeth) of the caries process, compared to the examined children with dismetabolic nephropathy from the clean region (81.48±3.34% and 6.37±0.25 carious tooth? respectively) and compared to physically healthy children (73.60±3.96% and 4.87±0.22 carious tooth, respectively), and was recorded also a higher incidence of complicated forms of caries (18.69±1.25 17.16±1.21 against and 13.84±1.22%, respectively). The prevalence of the periodontal tissues diseases in children with dismetabolic nephropathy from the ecologically adverse region was 1.6 times higher than in children with dismetabolic diseases of kidneys who live in ecologically clean regions.
Алгоритм діагностики та ендоскопічного лікування неоплазій товстого кишечника
Authors: Nikishayev V. I. , Lazarchuk V. N.
Published: February 2017

Колоноскопія (КС) є "золотим" стандартом для виявлення новоутворень товстого кишечника (ТК). Однак не всі вони виявляються і видаляються при КС. Якість обстеження і постановка правильного діагнозу залежать від індивідуального підходу вибору методу підготовки в залежності від часу проведення КС, наявності супутньої патології, запорів. Хромоскопія підвищує можливості стандартного ендоскопічного дослідження ТК. Вона дозволяє частіше виявляти неоплазії малих розмірів і особливо плоскі поразки, головним чином, в правій половині ТК в порівнянні з виявленням при КС в білому світі. Також ця техніка може використовуватися в комбінації зі збільшенням, що дозволяє проводити ендоскопічний прогноз морфологічного діагнозу неоплазии. Виявлення і видалення утворень малих розмірів (до 10 мм) як під час введення, так і під час виведення колоноскопа можливо, безпечно, займає менше часу, ніж "традиційна" стратегія видалення тільки під час виведення колоноскопа. З огляду на прагматичний підхід до вибору методу лікування поверхневих неоплазій проксимальних відділів ТК, все поліпи проксимально від сигмовидної кишки і все аденоми, незалежно від їх місця розташування, повинні бути видалені. Метою нашого дослідження було розробити алгоритм діагностики та ендоскопічного лікування неоплазій товстого кишечника. З 2007 по 2015 року було обстежено 4615 пацієнтів. У першому періоді нашої роботи (з 2007 по 2011 г.) КС було проведено 2375 пацієнтам за загальноприйнятою методикою (1 група) - огляд виконувався в білому світі, і в разі виявлення ураження бралася біопсія, після морфологічної верифікації проводилося його видалення. За цей період на підставі проведених досліджень був розроблений алгоритм діагностики та ендоскопічного лікування неоплазій ТК. У другому періоді (з 2011 по 2015 г.) відповідно до алгоритму було обстежено 2240 пацієнтів (2 група). В 1 групі пацієнтів було виявлено 126 (5,3%), а у 2 групі - 463 (20,7%) неоплазии, що достовірно більше (Р <0,0001, c2 = 245,79). В 1 групі все неоплазии віддалялися тільки шляхом петлевий Поліпектомія, а у 2 - при петлевий Поліпектомія 213 освіти (0-Ip - 126 і 87 - 0-Isp), резекції слизової - 227 (114 - 0-Isp, 104 - 0-IIa і 9 - 0-IIb), диссекции в підслизовому шарі - 23 (11 - LST NG, 5 - 0-IIa + 0-Is і 7 - 0-Is + 0-IIa). Впровадження розробленого алгоритму діагностики та лікування уражень товстого кишечника збільшило Виявлення поразок, поліпшило результати їх ендоскопічного лікування і зменшило кількість повторних КС на 16%.
Aspects of the Object in the House‐Museum
Authors: Barbosa Paulo Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Este  ensaio  procura  relacionar aspectos  do objeto inserido  no  museu, na   especificidade  dos   seus  procedimentos, e  debater,  amparado  por visões  de   autores  que  se  dedicaram  ao  tema,  como  o  significado atribuído  ao  objeto   museal  se  diferencia  quando  adentra  a casa‐museu dada  a  natureza  da   instituição.
Object, Context and Memory
Authors: Ruggiero Amanda Saba
Published: February 2017

O artigo apresenta questões sobre os modos expográficos relativos tanto ao objeto artístico quanto à memória, desenvolvidas desde doutoramento, cuja tese analisou a recepção internacional do artista Hélio Oiticica. Os momentos resgatados por depoimentos individuais, em entrevistas, referem‐se a determinado contexto, período e expografia, contribuem para apurar variáveis que interferem no reconhecimento da obra. Mapeiam‐se as referências sobre o espaço expositivo, relação com o público e as suas possíveis consequências Ao lado, confrontam‐se as relações dinâmicas de tais registros transformadas ao longo do tempo, emoldurando‐se novos formatos e percepções. A reflexão de como se apresentam os objetos artísticos em espaço, discurso, seleção, expografia, contexto institucional e urbano redesenha múltiplos significados e leituras do mesmo, podendo ampliar o horizonte de interpretação da obra ou desconectá‐la plenamente de seus propósitos germinais.
2016
ATVB
Plenary Lecture
Authors: Schmidt Ann Marie
Published: February 2017

The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) interacts with a unique repertoire of ligands that form and collect in the tissues and circulation in diabetes mellitus, aging, inflammation, renal failure, and obesity. RAGE is expressed on multiple cell types linked to tissue perturbation in these settings. This brief review focuses on the role of RAGE in monocytes/macrophages and how RAGE ligand engagement on these cells mediates seminal changes in monocyte/macrophage migration, oxidative stress, cholesterol efflux, and pro- versus anti-inflammatory cues that signal to tissue damage. Studies using mice devoid of
Ager
(gene encoding RAGE) or pharmacological antagonists of RAGE are protective in animal models of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and high-fat diet–induced obesity, in least in part through key roles in monocytes/macrophages. RAGE signal transduction requires the interaction of RAGE cytoplasmic domain with the formin, DIAPH1 (diaphanous 1) and novel antagonists of this interaction show significant promise in attenuation of the maladaptive effects of RAGE ligands in cellular and in vivo models. Finally, this brief review discusses evidence for RAGE axis perturbation in human monocytes/macrophages and how tracing RAGE activity in these cells may identify target engagement biomarkers of RAGE antagonism for future clinical trials.
Association Between Posterior Left Atrial Adipose Tissue Mass and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: van Rosendael Alexander R. , Dimitriu-Leen Aukelien C. , van Rosendael Philippe J. , Leung Melissa , Smit Jeff M. , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani , van der Geest Rob J. , van der Arend Britt W.H. , van Zwet Erik W. , Scholte Arthur J. , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: February 2017

Background—

Epicardial adipose tissue located close to the atrial wall can change the electric conduction of the left atrium, potentially leading to atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to assess whether an increased atrial adipose tissue mass posterior to the left atrium is related to AF independent of demographical and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods and Results—

Two hundred patients with AF and 200 patients without AF who underwent computed tomographic angiography were included. The posterior left atrial adipose tissue mass was quantified on computed tomographic angiography images as tissue with Hounsfield Units between −195 and −45. The adipose tissue mass was significantly larger in patients with AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm: 10.6±5.5 versus 4.7±3.5 g,
P
<0.001. In a multiple variable model (including age, body mass index, sex, coronary artery calcium score, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, family history of coronary artery disease, and known coronary artery disease), each gram increase of posterior left atrial adipose tissue was associated with 1.32 odds ratio of having AF (95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.43;
P
<0.001). Furthermore, the addition of the adipose tissue mass to the multiple variable analysis significantly increased the discriminatory ability to predict AF: increase in the area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.91) versus 0.81 (0.76–0.85),
P
<0.001.

Conclusions—

Posterior left atrial adipose tissue mass is significantly larger in patients with AF versus without AF. An increase in adipose tissue was independently associated with AF and provided incremental value over well-known predictors of AF. These findings add to the hypothesis that the posterior left atrial adipose tissue mass contributes to structural and electric remodeling leading to AF.
Incidence of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Sirichand Surksha , Killu Ammar M. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Hodge David O. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Brady Peter A. , Kapa Suraj , Noseworthy Peter A. , Packer Douglas L. , Munger Thomas M. , Gersh Bernard J. , McLeod Christopher J. , Shen Win-Kuang , Cha Yong-Mei , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Friedman Paul A. , Mulpuru Siva K.
Published: February 2017

Background—

Ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) most frequently occur in the context of structural heart disease. However, the burden of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVA) in the general population is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We identified incident cases of IVA between 2005 and 2013 from Olmsted County, Minnesota, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database. For PVC cohorts, we included those with frequent (defined as ≥100 PVC/24 hours) symptomatic PVCs. We defined IVA-associated cardiomyopathy as a drop in ejection fraction of ≥10% from baseline. Between 2005 and 2013, we identified 614 individuals with incident IVA (229 [37.3%] were male; average age was 52.1±17.2 years). Of these, 177 (28.8%) had idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, 408 (66.5%) had symptomatic PVCs, and 29 (4.7%) had IVA-associated cardiomyopathy. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates in 2005 to 2007, 2008 to 2010, and 2011 to 2013 were 44.9 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.0–51.8), 47.6 per 100 000 (95% CI, 40.8–54.5), and 62.0 per 100 000 (95% CI, 54.4–69.6), respectively. In idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, there was an increase in incidence rate with ages (
P
<0.001) but not between sexes (
P
=0.12). The age-adjusted incidence of symptomatic PVC was higher in females than in males (46.2 per 100 000 [95% CI, 40.9–51.6] versus 20.5 per 100 000 [95% CI, 16.8–24.3];
P
<0.001). The small number of individuals with IVA-associated cardiomyopathy precluded any formal testing.

Conclusions—

The incidence of IVA is increasing. Furthermore, overall incidence increases with age. Although the rate of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia is similar across sexes, women have a higher incidence of symptomatic PVC.
Royal Splendour in the Waters
Authors: af Edholm Kristoffer
Published: February 2017

The article explores, from an Indo-Iranian comparative perspective, the concept of ‘royal splendour’ and its role in myth, ritual and political discourse, in ancient Indian and Iranian texts. It argues that there are similarities both on the level of details (terminology, imagery, motifs) and on a broader level (ruler ideology), some of which likely go back to Proto-Indo-Iranian culture. The article relates the Avestan xvarənah- to the Vedic śrī́- and várcas-, as well as their Avestan counterparts srī- and varǝcah-. It looks at how the Vedic/Avestan epithet apā́ṃ nápāt-/apąm napāt- is connected to the motif of aquatic and royal splendour. The Avestan concept of royal splendour, it is argued, also shares key characteristics with the late Vedic and early epic goddess Śrī. As the fickle and mobile consort of successive kings, whom she approaches or abandons depending on their virtues, the epic Śrī is reminiscent of xvarənah-.
Oreocharis uniflora, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangdong, China
Authors: YANG LI-HUA , HUANG JING-ZHONG , DENG FANG-DONG , KANG MING
Published: February 2017

Oreocharis uniflora, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to O. striata and O. lungshengensis, but differs mainly by its white villous leaf blades and petioles, 1-flowered cymes, shorter peduncles (1.8–3.5 cm long), 3–5-serrate calyx lobes, pale purple to reddish purple corollas, inside with longitudinally purple striations, campanulate-tubular corolla tubes, 4 free stamens, and 1 disc-shaped stigma. Based on the current information, O. uniflora should be considered as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR), following the IUCN categories and criteria.
Two new species of jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from tropical Western Australia, presumed to cause Irukandji Syndrome
Authors: GERSHWIN LISA-ANN
Published: February 2017

Two new jellyfishes are described from the waters off northwestern Australia. The first, Carukia shinju n. sp., is similar to the common Queensland Irukandji Carukia barnesi, but differs from the latter in having a larger body size, branched velarial canals, nematocyst warts on both the velarial canals and the perradial lappets, fully-spined tentacular nematocyst shafts, about 14 naked ringlets between adjacent tentacular nematocyst bands, and long, narrow, capitate rhopaliar horns. The second, Malo maxima n. gen. n. sp., is distinctive from other known cubozoan species by its unique combination of having a tall, narrow, robust body with a flattened apex; frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostia; short, broad, straight rhopaliar horns; small, narrow pedalia with a single row of nematocyst patches on the outer keel and fine, cylindrical unmodified tentacles; moderately developed perradial mesenteries; 4 simple to bifurcated velarial canals per octant arising from a single base; and lacking both gastric phacellae and a thorn-like diverticulum of the pedalial canals. Both species are thought to be dangerous to humans, causing Irukandji syndrome.
Achaeta becki sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) from Amazonian forest soils
Authors: SCHMELZ RÜDIGER M. , COLLADO RUT
Published: February 2017

A new species of the mainly terrestrial enchytraeid oligochaete genus Achaeta is described from 'terra firme' soils of the Amazonian primary rain forest near Manaus, Brazil. Achaeta becki sp. nov. is about 6 mm long; its main distinguishing characters are a very short vas deferens, thickened septa in almost all segments, and a dorsal blood vessel origin in the clitellar region. Oesophageal appendages, pyriform glands (=setal follicles), and secondary pharyngeal gland lobes are absent. Further distinguishing characters are: pharyngeal glands separate in VI, extending into VII, preclitellar nephridia at 6/7 and 8/9, spermathecal ectal pores lateral. The new species is most similar to A. maorica Benham, 1903, A. neotropica Ñernosvitov, 1937, and A. iridescens Christoffersen, 1979, all from the southern hemisphere. Similarities and differences are discussed in detail.
A new species of the mealybug genus Rastrococcus Ferris (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) from New Zealand
Authors: WILLIAMS D. J. , HENDERSON R. C.
Published: February 2017

A new species of the mealybug genus Rastrococcus Ferris, R. namartini sp. nov., is described from New Zealand. It feeds on Myrsine australis (A. Rich.) Allan and, although it is related to R. asteliae (Maskell), the only other species in the genus known from New Zealand, it seems to be most similar to R. matileae Williams & Watson, described from New Caledonia. In addition to the adult female, the first instar, second-instar male, prepupa and pupa are also described and illustrated. The adult female differs from all other species in the genus in possessing only 10 pairs of distinct cerarii.
A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
Authors: FERREIRA CLÁUDIO P. , PEDROSO DENIS RAFAEL , KURY ADRIANO B.
Published: February 2017

A new species of Cosmetidae belonging to the genus Metavononoides Roewer, 1928 is herein described. Metavononoides melanacanthus sp. nov. is clearly recognized by its distinctive tarsal formula, its long legs (reaching over 60 mm), and by its characteristic color pattern. The new species is the twelfth species included in the genus. It is known only from two localities: the type locality, Barra de São João, Casimiro de Abreu and from Aldeia Velha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
New record of Tettigarctidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
Authors: MENON FEDERICA
Published: February 2017

Tettagalma striata, new genus and species of Tettigarctidae (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea), is described from the Lower Cretaceous laminated limestones of the Crato Formation, Brazil. The new discovery represents the first certain record of this family in Brazil and confirms its presence in the Southern Hemisphere during the early Cretaceous. Architettix Hamilton, 1990, from the same formation, and all the taxa originally placed in Cicadoprosbolidae, are also included in Tettigarctidae, as the former is considered a synonym.
A new genus and species of Hoplapoderini from Madagascar (Coleoptera: Attelabidae: Apoderinae)
Authors: BIONDI SILVANO
Published: February 2017

Madapoderus pacificus, a new genus and species of hoplapoderine attelabid beetles, is described from Madagascar. A key to the genera of Hoplapoderini and field observations on the host plant and reproductive behaviour of the new species are provided.
A new genus and species of Trombidiinae (Acari: Trombidiidae) described from larvae ectoparasitic on aphid from Iran
Authors: SABOORI ALIREZA , BAGHERI MOHAMMAD , IRANI-NEJAD KARIM HADDAD , KAMALI KARIM , KHANJANI MOHAMMAD
Published: February 2017

A new genus and species of trombidiid mites with larvae which are ectoparasitic on undetermined aphid feeding on Raphannus sativus L. (Brassicaceae) and Onopordon leptolepis Dc. (Astraceae) are described from East Azarbaijan, Iran. Azaritrombium raphanicum Saboori, Bagheri & Haddad gen. et sp. n. is placed in the subfamily Trombidiinae.
Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-Based Observations of a Transpacific Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site
Authors: Kassianov E. , Pekour M. , Flynn C. , Berg L. K. , Beranek J. , Zelenyuk A. , Zhao C. , Leung L. R. , Ma P. L. , Riihimaki L. , Fast J. D. , Barnard J. , Hallar A. G. , McCubbin I. B. , Eloranta E. W. , McComiskey A. , Rasch P. J.
Published: February 2017

This work is motivated by previous studies of transatlantic transport of Saharan dust and the observed quasi-static nature of coarse mode aerosol with a volume median diameter (VMD) of approximately 3.5 μm. The authors examine coarse mode contributions from transpacific transport of dust to North American aerosol properties using a dataset collected at the high-elevation Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) and the nearby Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility. Collected ground-based data are complemented by quasi-global model simulations and satellite and ground-based observations. The authors identify a major dust event associated mostly with a transpacific plume (about 65% of near-surface aerosol mass) in which the coarse mode with moderate (~3 μm) VMD is distinct and contributes substantially to total aerosol volume (up to 70%) and scattering (up to 40%). The results demonstrate that the identified plume at the SPL site has a considerable fraction of supermicron particles (VMD ~3 μm) and, thus, suggest that these particles have a fairly invariant behavior despite transpacific transport. If confirmed in additional studies, this invariant behavior may simplify considerably parameterizations for size-dependent processes associated with dust transport and removal.
When Severe Weather Becomes a Tourist Attraction: Understanding the Relationship with Nature in Storm-Chasing Tourism
Authors: Boulais Catherine Morin
Published: February 2017

Since the mid-1990s, tourists can purchase storm-chasing tours to observe dangerous, potentially deadly natural phenomena—that companies cannot guarantee will occur. This context calls for a better understanding of the core aspect of the relationship between storm-chasing tourism and severe weather. What interest in severe weather spurs people to embark on storm-chasing tourism? How do they deal with severe weather becoming a tourist attraction through storm-chasing tourism? The present exploratory study investigates these questions using a qualitative methodology. It first examines the ways severe weather is depicted in participants’ discourse and on storm-chasing companies’ websites, illustrating they are multiple and intersecting. It then describes the various rationales used by tourists, guides, and owners when they discuss storm-chasing tourism turning severe weather into a tourist attraction, showing how the activity contributes to nature’s commodification process. Seeking to provide an initial anthropological interpretation of the findings, this study suggests that storm-chasing tourism brings together acceptance and exploitation of nature. Indeed, severe weather appears to be sought for its power over humans while also being marketed as an ordinary commodity. Albeit preliminary, this study sheds light on a fundamental feature of storm-chasing tourism that researchers have not yet fully addressed and enhances the comprehension of a piece of humankind’s relationship with nature in current Western societies.
Climate Change and Variability in Semiarid Palapye, Eastern Botswana: An Assessment from Smallholder Farmers’ Perspective
Authors: Akinyemi Felicia O.
Published: February 2017

Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability in semiarid contexts. Despite the limited adaptation options often used and the largely subsistence agriculture practiced, studies have shown that smallholders have accumulated local knowledge about changes in climatic conditions. Farmers with field experience and an extensive stay in three sites in Palapye, eastern Botswana, were interviewed. This study related farmers’ perceptions of changes in climate with results from analysis of climate data. Major changes perceived are a reduction in rainfall amount, rising temperature, and increasing frequency of drought conditions. Perceived reduction in rainfall amount is confirmed by analysis results as variability in rainfall amount is high throughout the series. Rainfall was poorly distributed and below average at the beginning of the cropping seasons for four years between 2013 and 2017. For 1990, 2003, and 2012, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was −1.77 (severe drought), −1.37 (moderate drought), and −2.32 (extreme drought), respectively. To minimize impacts on crop production, farmers simultaneously planted different crops based on the perception that climatic impacts on different crops vary and favored crops perceived as drought resistant. Livestock farmers supplemented with livestock feeds, reduced herd size, and moved livestock to areas with better forage. Off-farm incomes from selling products harvested from the wild are important to farmers as a coping strategy, particularly when rain fails. Some female farmers brewed and sold alcohol made locally from sorghum. That local knowledge and perceptions exist and are used by smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change and variability is suggested. Engaging with local knowledge systems is an imperative for climate change policy making.