bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platinum (II) and palladium (II) complexes: synthesis, antimicrobial and antifungal activity
Authors: Salishcheva O. V. , Prosekov A. Yu. , Moldagulova N. E. , Pugachev V. M.
Published: January 2022

The study aims to synthesize and examine the biological activity of mono- and binuclear platinum (II) and palladium (II) complexes containing terminal and bridging nitrite ligands against the test cultures of Bacillus subtilis B4647, Aspergillus brasiliensis (niger) F679, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B8243, and Escherichia coli. Through the interaction of mononuclear platinum (II) and palladium (II) complexes, dimeric complexes having nitrite ligands were synthesized. The composition and structure of these complexes were established using elemental analysis, conductometry, potentiometry, cryoscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. A way to coordinate nitrite ligands with the central atom was established. Antimicrobial and antifungal properties were evaluated according to the capability of the synthesized complexes to inhibit the activity of bacteria and fungi via diffusion in agar and in vitro dilution. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the complexes suppressing the visible growth of microorganisms and fungi, as well as exhibiting their bactericidal effect, ranged from 62.5–125 μmol/dm3. The obtained results revealed a high activity of the palladium (II) binuclear complex of the non-electrolytic type and the platinum (II) binuclear complex of the cationic type. Unlike mononuclear complexes, palladium and platinum binuclear complexes demonstrate higher antibacterial activity. Antibacterial effectiveness exhibited by the palladium complex of the non-electrolytic type against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, as well as fungi Aspergillus niger, is more pronounced. The only exception is the antimicrobial activity of the palladium complex against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is comparable to that of the binuclear platinum complex of the cationic type. By changing the structure of the complex, the composition and charge of the inner sphere, the number of coordination centers, as well as the nature and denticity of ligands, it is possible to achieve a higher toxic effect of the complexes against bacteria and fungi.
The European Medicines Agency Approved the New Antibacterial Drugs – Response to the 2017 Who Report on the Global Problem of Multi-Drug Resistance
Authors: Krajewska Joanna , Laudy Agnieszka Ewa
Published: January 2022

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance has been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to mankind. In a special report published in 2017, the WHO presented a list of microorganisms for which the search for new therapeutic options is a priority. The highest (critical) priority was given to the search for new antibiotics active against carbapenem-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against carbapenem- and third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales strains (so-called critical priority pathogens). Whereas the second (high) priority was given among others to the search for new antibiotics active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Since the publication of the WHO report the European Medicines Agency has approved 6 novel, broad-spectrum antibiotics, from 6 different groups, addressing the priority pathogens to a different extent. Two of them are new combinations of carbapenems with non-β-lactam inhibitors of β-lactamases (active also against carbapenemases), belonging to two novel groups of inhibitors: diazabicyclooctanes (relebactam, combined with imipenem) and boronates (vaborbactam, combined with meropenem). The third new drug is a siderophore cephalosporin (cefiderocol) with an innovative mechanism of penetration into the bacterial cell. The next two antibiotics are the new fluoroquinolone (delafloxacin) and the new tetracycline (eravacycline), designed and synthesized to be more active than older members of these groups. The last innovative antibiotic is lefamulin – the first pleuromutilin approved for systemic use in humans. New approvals have expanded the number of available therapeutic options in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (meropenem/vaborbactam, cefiderocol), complicated intra-abdominal infections (meropenem/vaborbactam, eravacycline), nosocomial pneumonia (meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam), acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (delafloxacin) and community-acquired pneumonia (lefamulin).
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3-D
Authors: Suharto Fadel Fikri , Anggraini RM Dewi , Tamin Ardianto , Fitricana Della , Kurniati Nova , Andayani Yenny Dian
Published: January 2022

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cell nuclei and involves many organ systems in the body. The etiopathology of SLE is thought to involve complex and multifactorial interactions between genetic variation and environmental factors. Hyperthyroidism is a disease due to increased thyroid hormone function followed by signs and symptoms that affect the body's metabolic system. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to TSHR (TRAb). Several coexisting autoimmune diseases have been classified under different syndromes.
Case Presentation: A woman, 29 years-old, came to office with complaint of chest palpitation. Patient had history of fever, joint pain, hair loss, and malar rash. Patient had been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for 4 years and regularly taking propylthiouracil 100 mg and propranolol 10 mg. Titer ANA Test 1/100, Anti ds-DNA 68.08, C3-Complement 93 (N: 83-193), C4-Complement 11.2 (N: 15-57), Free T3 7.79 (N: 1.71-3.71), Free -T4 2.50 (N: 0.70-1.48), TSHs 0.0001 (N: 0.350-4.94), TRAb 3.38 (N: < 1.75). Patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and graves’ disease. Patient treated with methimazole 10 mg, propranolol 10 mg, myfortic 360 mg, and methylprednisolone 4 mg.
Conclusion: Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) was at first characterized as different endocrine organ diseases related to an immune system disease in a subject. Hence, affiliation between illnesses in APS was noted not to be irregular but in specific combinations in which a few non-endocrine immune system diseases were moreover portion of the disorders.
Multiplet supercurrent in Josephson tunneling circuits
Authors: Melo André , Fatemi Valla , Akhmerov Anton
Published: January 2022

The multi-terminal Josephson effect allows DC supercurrent to flow at finite commensurate voltages.
Existing proposals to realize this effect rely on nonlocal Andreev processes in superconductor-normal-superconductor junctions.
However, this approach requires precise control over microscopic states and is obscured by dissipative current.
We show that standard tunnel Josephson circuits also support multiplet supercurrent mediated only by local tunneling processes.
Furthermore, we observe that the supercurrents persist even in the high charging energy regime in which only sequential Cooper transfers are allowed.
Finally, we demonstrate that the multiplet supercurrent in these circuits has a quantum geometric component that is distinguishable from the well-known adiabatic contribution.
Relating the topology of Dirac Hamiltonians to quantum geometry: When the quantum metric dictates Chern numbers and winding numbers
Authors: Mera Bruno , Zhang Anwei , Goldman Nathan
Published: January 2022

Quantum geometry has emerged as a central and ubiquitous concept in quantum sciences, with direct consequences on quantum metrology and many-body quantum physics. In this context, two fundamental geometric quantities are known to play complementary roles:~the Fubini-Study metric, which introduces a notion of distance between quantum states defined over a parameter space, and the Berry curvature associated with Berry-phase effects and topological band structures. In fact, recent studies have revealed direct relations between these two important quantities, suggesting that topological properties can, in special cases, be deduced from the quantum metric. In this work, we establish general and exact relations between the quantum metric and the topological invariants of generic Dirac Hamiltonians. In particular, we demonstrate that topological indices (Chern numbers or winding numbers) are bounded by the quantum volume determined by the quantum metric. Our theoretical framework, which builds on the Clifford algebra of Dirac matrices, is applicable to topological insulators and semimetals of arbitrary spatial dimensions, with or without chiral symmetry. This work clarifies the role of the Fubini-Study metric in topological states of matter, suggesting unexplored topological responses and metrological applications in a broad class of quantum-engineered systems.
Mikrobiom és testösszetétel vonatkozásai vízilabdázók körében: szakirodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Fritz Réka , Oláh Csilla , Fritz Péter
Published: January 2022

Az emberi szervezettel együtt élő mikrobiális ökoszisztéma kutatása az ezredforduló óta rohamosan fejlődő tudományterület. A vízilabda teljesítménytulajdonságok szerint az erő-állóképességi sportágak közé tartozik. Mivel a magas és alacsony intenzitású aciklikus mozgásforma egyaránt megjelenik, ezért nagyon fontos a megfelelő szénhidrátbevitel, melyből a versenyző az energia egy részét nyeri. Fehérje- és zsírbevitelt az ajánlásoknak megfelelően kell beállítani (Santos et al., 2014). A sportolók táplálkozási tudásának és a táplálkozási tudás étkezést befolyásoló hatásának pontos felmérése érdekében további, módszertanilag megfelelő kutatásokra van szükség (Kiss Anna et al., 2018). A mikróbapopuláció természeteshez közeli formában történő rendszeres pótlásával azon élettani folyamatok is kedvezően alakulnak, melyek hozzájárulhatnak a magas fizikai teljesítmény és koncentrálóképesség fenntartásához, az élsportolók magas anyagcseréjének hatékonnyá tételéhez és ezeken keresztül a kiemelkedő sportteljesítményhez és a hátérben azonosítható és mérhető biológiai és kémiai paraméterek stabilizálódásához.
Korcsolyázás motivációja felnőttkorban
Authors: Faragó Diána , Paic Róbert , Fritz Péter , Németh Zsolt , Szatmári Zoltán
Published: January 2022

A kutatásunk témájául azért választottuk a felnőttkori korcsolyázás motivációját, mert kiskoromtól kezdve a korcsolyázás a mindennapjaim része. A versenyzés befejeztével, edzőként kezdtem el tevékenykedni, amelynek során különböző korosztályokkal dolgoztam együtt. Azonban a felnőttek voltak azok, akik a leginkább kíváncsiságot ébresztetek bennem, és leggyorsabban egy hullámhosszra tudtam velük kerülni. A kutatás alanyai azok a 18 éves és afelett felnőttek voltak, akik tanfolyami szinten korcsolyáznak, illetve azok, akik versenyzőként kerültek kapcsolatba a korcsolyázással. A kutatással elsősorban az volt a célunk, hogy megvizsgáljuk, mi motiválja felnőttként az embereket a rendszeres korcsolyázásra, ezenkívül néhány kérdés erejéig a felek között kialakuló konfliktushelyzetekre is kitértünk. Kutatásunkban az egész ország területén működő egyesületek versenyzőit és tanfolyami résztvevőit kérdeztük meg egy saját szerkesztésű kérdőívben. A kérdőív 46 kérdést tartalmazott, melyben szerepeltek nyitott és zárt kérdések; Likert-skála; egy vagy több válaszlehetőséget megjelölendő; illetve saját választ leírandó kérdések is. A kérdések nagy része sportággal kapcsolatos volt, emellett demográfiai kérdések is megjelentek. Összesen 104 főtől érkeztek be válaszok, és ezek kiértékelése után összehasonlítottuk a két csoportot, vagyis a versenyzők és a tanfolyami résztvevők véleményét. Ezeket az eredményeket Excel-táblázatban átkódoltuk, majd SPSS rendszert alkalmaztunk a különböző kimutatásokhoz. A kitöltésben 91 fő nő és 13 fő férfi vett részt. Legtöbben 40-49 év közöttiek voltak a kitöltők, a legidősebb kitöltő pedig 66 éves volt. A legtöbb kitöltőnek konfliktushelyzetben nem volt része, ők 66 főt jelentettek. A kutatás eredménye az lett, hogy az 5 hipotézisünkből 4 beigazolódott, és 1 nem. Eszerint nem igazolódott be az, hogy a felnőttek minden esetben gyermekeik miatt kezdenek el korcsolyázni. Beigazolódott, hogy esés vagy rossz tapasztalat nagyban befolyásolja azt, hogy folytatják-e a korcsolyázást. A versenyzőket ezek egyáltalán nem befolyásolják. Beigazolódott, hogy edzéseken nem tartják fontosnak a résztvevők, hogy mindig újat tanuljanak, de ha mégis új elem vagy korcsolyalépés tanulására kerül sor, azt élvezettel veszik. Az is beigazolódott, hogy a versenyzők több pénzt költenek a korcsolyázásra, mint tanfolyami társaik. Szintén beigazolódott, hogy a versenyzőket és a tanfolyami résztvevőket pedig teljesen más motiválja a korcsolyázásban.
Film és rekreáció 2. : A mozi jelene (és jövője?)
Authors: Magyar Márton , Reiner Zsófia
Published: January 2022

A Covid19 járvány miatti lezárások és szabályozások átstrukturálták többek között a rekreációs filmnézés piacát is. A jelenlét / offline mozi társas és környezet rekreációs többlet hatásait helyettesíteni voltak kénytelenek a nézők az otthon elérhető minőséggel. Az előző lapszámban bemutatásra került a járvány hatására jelentősen csökkent számokat tükröző offline mozi statisztika is. Jelen cikk hangsúlyosan egy hiánypótló kereslet felmérés megállapításait mutatja be a fent strukturális változások tükrében. S egyúttal megpróbál választ adni arra a kérdésre, van-e jövője a fizikai / offline mozinak az online szolgáltatókkal szemben, avagy mellet.
Koherens szív
Authors: Almási Attila , Kesserű Péter , Hajdú Anna
Published: January 2022

A sportolók felkészülésének mára már megszokott és elengedhetetlen részévé vált a mentális tréning, ami a csapat, a sportoló mellet működő pszichológus segítségével zajlik. A hozzáálláson, motiváción, célokon és elkötelezettségen, a személyi készségeken túl, magasabb szinten megjelennek a vizualizációs gyakorlatok és a belső monológ kontrollálásának képessége, valamint a szorongás, az érzelmek kezelése, és nem utolsósorban a koncentrációs képesség fejlesztése. Az alább bemutatásra kerülő ismeretanyag egy egyedi módszertan alapját képezi, melyet a HeartMath Kutatóintézet dolgozott ki. Munkájuk előzménye J. Andrew Armour kutatása. 1991-ben publikált munkájában részletezi a szív saját, mintegy 40 ezer neuritból álló idegrendszerének felépítését. A HeartMath a szív és az agy kapcsolatát vizsgálta teljesen új megközelítéssel. Napjainkban már széles körben kutatják a szívfrekvencia-variabilitást, s annak jelentőségét a test, mentális és érzelmi folyamatokban. Ahhoz, hogy módszereik és technológiájuk alkalmazhatóvá váljon a sportolók felkészítésében, először ismerkedjünk meg az alapokkal, s a szívvel mint szervezetünk folyamatainak, koherenciájának „karmesterével”.
Workplace wellbeing, avagy a modern kori munkahely
Authors: Mató-Juhász Annamária
Published: January 2022

A modern kori életünk nem csak a modern technológiától az, ami. A modern kor paradigmaváltást is megkíván a gondolkodásunkban, az életünk szinte minden területén. Ha végignézzük a sok-sok technológiai vívmányból fakadó változást, valamint az ezzel együtt alakuló társadalmi berendezkedéseket, akkor okkal mondhatjuk, hogy már semmi sem úgy működik, mint akár tíz, húsz évvel ezelőtt. Jelen tanulmány annak a közösségnek a működését vizsgálja, amelyben a felnőtt emberek napjuk nagy részét töltik. Ez pedig a munkahely. A tanulmány rávilágít a modern kori, inspiratív és ösztönző munkahelyek mibenlétére, egyfajta irányt mutatva a változáshoz, változtatáshoz.
Introducción al álgebra de vectores complejos y su aplicación a las interacciones fundamentales de la naturaleza
Authors: Álvarez Enrique
Published: January 2022

En el presente trabajo haremos una breve introducción al álgebra de vectores complejos, como una extensión del álgebra de vectores reales con las mismas propiedades matemáticas. Todos los teoremas del álgebra y del análisis de los vectores reales son válidos para los vectores complejos, teniendo en cuenta que los escalares son números complejos en lugar de números reales. Daremos algunos ejemplos y mostraremos su aplicación en las interacciones fundamentales de la naturaleza.
ALİ BEHCET DEDE: CANA ŞİFA KAHVESİ VE GÖNÜLLERE DEVA MANZUMESİ
Authors: EĞRİ Sadettin
Published: January 2022

Türk edebiyat tarihinde pek çok şair ve müellif geride bıraktığı eserleriyle anılır. Kimi zaman şair ve mutasavvıflar arasında latif nükteler ortaya çıkar. Sohbet esnasında bir şairin sözü veya hareketi neticesinde mecliste bulunan bir şair o durumu mısralarıyla ebedîleştirir. Nitekim ünlü mutasavvıf ve şair Ali Behcet Dede’nin böylesi bir ortamda elleriyle kahve yapıp, ikram etmesi sebebiyle bu hâlden etkilenen Hüseyin Vassâf ve Rızâ Bey, muhabbet ve saygı duydukları Ali Behcet’e birer mısra söylerler. Şiirde onun kahvesinin canlara şifa, şiirlerinin de gönüllere deva olduğunu ifade ederler. Bunun üzerine beş farklı tarikattan manevi eğitim alan Ali Behcet Efendi, bu mısralara irticâlen kendi beyitlerini ekler. Birçok esere sahip olan Ali Behcet Efendi’nin şiirleri dağınık hâldedir. Bu çalışmada şairin -bir divan oluşturacak hacimde ve özellikte olmayan- şiirleri ve bu latif olay ele alınıp, bir araya getirilmiş ve incelenmiştir.
Fermented Cream for Curd Fortified with Probiotic Cultures: Biotechnological Aspects
Authors: Bukharev Andrew , Gavrilova Natalya , Kriger Olga , Chernopolskaya Natalya
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Contemporary food industry strives to increase the production volume of high-quality and biologically complete protein products. The Foodnet market also raised the demand for functional foods in Russia. The research objective was to develop a new functional curd product fortified with probiotic microflora.

Study objects and methods. The study featured cow’s milk, skimmed milk, cream, whey protein concentrate Milkiland-WPC 80, pollen, glutamine, starter cultures DVS Danisco Probat 576 and Howaru Bifido ARO-1, buckwheat flour, and oat flour. The experiment included physicochemical, sensory, biochemical, and microbiological methods.

Results and discussion. The milk-protein base of the curd product was produced in a GEA Westfalia KDB 30 curd separator. The research involved 15 and 20% cream with two different starter cultures. In case of 15% cream, Probat 576 Howaru Bifido appeared to be 1.66 times more active than ARO-1 Howaru Bifido, in case of 20% cream the result was even higher – 1.73 times. Probat 576 also demonstrated a better active acidity, i.e. 5.5 after three hours, which was two hours faster than ARO-1. Mathematical modeling revealed the positive effect of buckwheat and oat flour on the cream fermentation process. Oat flour (5%) was the optimal prebiotic, while buckwheat flour added its color to the final product, thus spoiling its market quality.

Conclusion. The new biotechnology for a curd product fortified with probiotic cultures can expand the range of functional products for sports diet.
Supercritical Extraction Technology of Obtaining Polyunsaturated Acids from Starfish (Lysastrosoma anthosticta Fisher, 1922)
Authors: Zakharenko Alexander , Kirichenko Konstantin , Vakhniuk Igor , Golokhvast Kirill
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Starfish (Asteroidea) are marine echinoderms with more than 160 species. Starfish are a valuable source of protein and fats. The present research featured the chemical composition of starfish, which can be used as a commercial source of lipids.

Study objects and methods. The study defined the optimal parameters for extracting the lipid fraction of Lysastrosoma anthosticta with supercritical carbon dioxide, as well as the qualitative composition of the obtained extracts.

Results and discussion. The yield of fatty acids obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide co-solvent was 1.8 times higher than that obtained with standard extraction according to the Folch method. The content of impurities was lower than in the samples with chloroform-methanol system. The polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from L. anthosticta mainly belonged to ω-3 (18.0%), ω-6 (11.7%), ω-7 (21.2%), ω-9 (10.1%), and ω-11 (6.5%). The rest was saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic (14%) and myristic (6%). The qualitative composition of the lipid fraction did not depend significantly from the isolation method. However, the supercritical extraction increased the product yield, extraction rate, and the quality of the extraction residue. Supercritical carbon dioxide left a dry residue, which had no typical smell and was brittle enough for grinding. Such residue can presumably be used to produce protein concentrate.

Conclusion. Supercritical extraction with chloroform can be recommended to isolate fatty acids from marine organisms at 60°C and 400 bar.
Biologically Active Substances from Powdered Barberry and Viburnum
Authors: Dubtsova Galina , Lomakin Alexander , Kusova Irina , Bulannikova Ekaterina , Bystrov Dmitriy
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Plant raw materials can be a source of biologically active substances and increase the nutritional value of food products. The present research objective was to determine the content of biologically active substances in powdered viburnum and barberry.

Study objects and methods. The study featured viburnum (Viburnum opulus L.) and barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), dried by convection and crushed into particles of 50 microns.

Results and discussion. The total content of phenolic compounds in powdered viburnum was 3114.07 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 2272.7 mg/100 g. The content of flavonoids in powdered viburnum was 324.52 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 390.00 mg/100 g. The flavonoid profile of the powders included rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercintrin, and astralagin. The total content of catechins was 446 mg/100 g for viburnum and 506 mg/100 g for barberry. The catechins included mainly epigallocatechin and catechin. In powdered viburnum, the catechin composition was as follows: epicatechin – 196, catechin – 118, and epigallocatechin – 89 mg/100 g; in powdered barberry: epigallocatechin – 173, catechin – 111, and epicatechin – 74 mg/100 g. The antiradical activity in relation to trolox equivalent was 7560 mg/100 g in powdered viburnum and 9460 mg/100 g in powdered barberry.

Conclusion. The obtained viburnum and barberry powders can fortify food with biologically active substances and expand the range of functional products.
Microbiological Assessment of Wheat and Buckwheat Sprouting Process
Authors: Zenkova Mariya , Melnikova Ludmila
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Sprouted grain can cause food poisoning, since inappropriate conditions can promote the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on the grain surface. As a result, products of long-term storage use thermally-treated sprouted grain, the parameters of which depend on the initial bacteria content. There are different ways to reduce bacterial contamination of sprouted grain, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Natural substances with antimicrobial properties, such as medicinal herbs, can serve as decontaminators. However, no scientific research has been performed so far to determine the exact temperature of grain sprouting to minimize its microbiological contamination. The research objective was to investigate the effect of antimicrobial agents and sprouting conditions on the microflora of wheat and buckwheat grain.

Study objects and methods. The study featured wheat grain and green buckwheat grain. A set of experiments was performed to define the effect of antimicrobial agents and sprouting conditions on the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM), molds, and yeasts. During sprouting at 10–30°C for 90 h, the grain was irrigated with distilled water, potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4), calendula infusion, and celandine i nfusion. QMAFAnM and the count of molds and yeasts were determined by standard methods; the qualitative analysis of the microflora was based on their morphological and cultural characteristics.

Results and discussion. Microflora development during sprouting of wheat and buckwheat grains was controlled by selecting appropriate conditions and grain treatment methods. The herbal infusions for sprouting reduced the total microbial insemination of grain during sprouting by 52–68%; the calendula infusion reduced the contamination with molds by 47–51%, yeasts – by 100%.

Conclusion. The research revealed the total microbial count and the count of mold and yeast colonies in dry sprouted grain. The optimal temperature of sprouting wheat and buckwheat was 20 ± 2°C in the infusion of medicinal herbs: it minimized the microflora of sprouted grain and reduced the sprouting time to 46 h. Calendula infusion could be recommended for commercial use in order reduce the microbiological contamination of sprouted grain. The initial microbial population of the product was found to affect the mode of heat treatment in long-term storage products.
Granulated Sugar-Containing Functional Products in Jelly Fillings
Authors: Slavyanskiy Anatoliy , Gribkova Vera , Nikolaeva Natalia , Mitroshina Daria
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Iodine is one of the most important elements for maintaining human health and cognitive skills. Contemporary food industry is looking for new functional foods fortified with macro- and micronutrients. Confectionery products occupy a fairly large segment of human diet. The present research objective was to substitute traditional white sugar with an experimental granulated sugar-containing product that contained maltodextrin, cane molasses, and Japanese kelp extract. This substitute could reduce the calorie content of jelly and increase its functional properties while maintaining its sensory profile, e.g. consistency, increasing its shelf-life, and simplifying the tec hnological process.

Study objects and methods. Granulated sugar-containing product is a new component for the confectionery industry, but its effect on technological processes is unpredictable. The research featured an experimental granulated sugar-containing product with maltodextrin, cane molasses, and Japanese kelp. The growth rate of granules and their structure were studied by scanning microscopy and radiography, the granulometric composition and solubility – by determining the relative dissolution rate, the effect of the granulated sugar-containing product on the sensory and physicochemical parameters of jelly – by refractometry and titrometry.

Results and discussion. The experimental granulated sugar-containing product contained sucrose both in crystalline and amorphous state, which affected the distribution of nutrients within the product. The growth rate of granules affected the resulting structure of the product and its solubility, which decreased by 2.5 times as the size of the granules grew. The dissolution rate decreased compared to crystalline sugar. As a result, the technological process of jelly production had to be adjusted. The developed jelly had a lower energy value and better nutritional qualities. The high content of vitamins and macro- and microelements makes it a functional product. The experimental jelly received 22.3 points for sensory profile. Its hysico-chemical parameters (soluble solids < 68%, acidity > 2.2 8%) met the standard requirements for this type of product.

Conclusion. The new granulated sugar-containing product simplified the technological process and improved the sanitary, hygienic, and working conditions.
Saudi Arabia National Cyber Security System: Specificity and Development Risks
Authors: Cukanov Leonid
Published: January 2022

The research featured the national cybersecurity system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cybersecurity standards developed by the International Telecommunication Union of the United Nations made it possible to reveal the institutional and legal foundations of the digital security system, as well as the degree of involvement in international cybersecurity cooperation. The analysis demonstrated the key risks of the development of the Saudi cyber model. The assessment by the International Telecommunication Union standards gave quite positive results. However, Saudi Arabia proved to adhere to a catching-up development model and still experiences some problems with national cyberspace security. Some are of global nature, e.g. legislation gaps, while others result from the specifics of the national model of state governance. The most obvious risks include the imbalance between the civil and military sectors, the disagreements between various regions, and the poor integration of the local hacker community into the overall structure of national cybersecurity. Saudi Arabia plans to eliminate these imbalances in the medium term in order to build an integrated cybersecurity system by expanding its international cooperation.
Unequal Opportunities and Individual Achievements: Effect of Family Background
Authors: Ibragimova Zul'fiya , Franc Marina
Published: January 2022

Equal opportunity theory is based on the idea that inequality of individual achievements is a complex phenomenon. It is formed by two groups of factors: (1) one's own decisions and efforts (inequality of efforts) and (2) circumstances beyond one's control (inequality of opportunities). Therefore, wealth inequality caused by effort factors (1) is fair and is not to be compensated for, whereas differences in welfare caused by objective circumstances (2) are unfair and should be compensable (the compensation principle). This paper introduces an assessment of circumstances associated with family background: composition, psychological atmosphere, well-being, occupation, education, etc. Parents' education and two-parent status appeared to be the most important circumstances. Respondents who grew up in a two-parent family with both biological parents had a higher income than those who grew up in one-parent families or with one biological and one stepparent. The low economic status of the parental family also proved to affect the well-being of grown-up children. Thus, efforts to provide equal opportunities can have a long-term effect on social inequality and build a more just society.
Developing Conflict Management Skills in Municipal Employees: a Sociological Study
Authors: Shilikov Aleksey
Published: January 2022

The article introduces a sociological survey that featured the development of conflict management skills in municipal employees of the Belgorod region. The methods involved a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured interview of Belgorod municipal authorities, teaching staff of the Higher School of Management of the Belgorod State University, and employees of the Institute of Regional Personnel Policy of Belgorod. The reasons behind the conflicts were divided into those caused by the specifics of the municipal service, the peculiarities of team relations, and the individual characteristics of a municipal employee. The results of the study can improve the practical work of municipal personnel departments or be used in teaching sociological disciplines. Further study is required to develop diagnostic methods to identify the conflict management skills in municipal officials, collect information, define conditions and patterns of development, draft resolution procedures, etc.
Efficiency of Municipal Self-Government Bodies in the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass)
Authors: Arzumanyan Misak
Published: January 2022

The author reviewed domestic and foreign publications that feature various methods of assessing the performance of municipal authorities, which is the most important criterion for determining the well-being of population. The article introduces an authentic method that relies on the analysis of performance indicators based on the predominance of the achieved values over the average converted values. The method makes it possible to quantify and interpret the level of the so-called "administrative rationality" of municipal self-government bodies. It converts the values of indicators into coefficients (dominance and achievement), elements, and integral values of efficiency. The transformed values are then systematized in the context of economy (assets, budget, wages, etc.) and social components (transport accessibility, land, population, housing, communal services, etc.). A comparative analysis determined the following effective municipal districts of the Kemerovo region: Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Yaya, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, and Izhmorka. The new method provides a transparent and objective assessment of municipal management.
Musical Interpretation of Direct Speech in Chants of the Two-Hundredth Feasts of the Mother of God: Greek-Slavonic Parallels on Manuscripts of the 10th–17th Centuries
Authors:   Pskov State University, Gerasimova Irina V. , Zakharina Nina B. ,   The Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory, Shchepkina Nadezhda A. ,   A.P. Borodin Saint Petersburg Children’s Arts School
Published: January 2022

Direct speech in liturgical hymns is one of the essential features of Byzantine and Slavic hymnography, which interprets the subjects of the Old and New Testaments. The hymns in honor of the twelve feasts of the Mother of God contain the direct speech of the Archangel Gabriel, King David, the Apostle Peter, and the worshipers in the temple. A standard, but not the only, way of correlation between text and music in these fragments is melismatic formulas, so called fita. The main objective of the article is to identify ways of musical interpretation of direct speech in the Greek-Slavic traditions of Church singing and musical writing by analysing the location of the fitas in the composition. Copies of 9 stichera from Greek, Old Russian and Kiev manuscripts of the 10–17th centuries were compared. Neumatic shape and five-line deciphering were taken into account. As a result of the analysis, techniques of musical decoration of direct speech and Gospel / Psalter quotation are shown. In hymnographical composition, direct speech demonstrates a changing of the point of view. The beginning of direct speech and / or the previous line with the words “to say”, “to cry”, “to sing”, etc., have fita in the tune. Fita is a cantilena tune put into recitative musical line; therefore, it changes the point of view from a narrative to emotional type of music utterance. Fita accompanying direct speech is an adequate musical tool. Fitas are often used with additional techniques such as modal changing or mutation. The use of fitas underscores text structure; it is the oldest technique of Byzantine origin that was adopted by Slavs. In the 15–16th centuries, a new type of composition appeared musical formulas highlight the theological meaning of a hymnographic text. This new technique was combined with the ancient type, and sometimes replaced it.
Portrait in Contemporary Russian Painting in the Context of World Art: A Typology of the Genre
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Repin Academy of Fine Arts, Gracheva Svetlana M.
Published: January 2022

In Russian fine art, portrait painting has been traditionally distinguished by extraordinary variety and depth, reflecting the figurative and stylistic searches of artists of different periods. Russian art historians have comprehensively studied the portrait genre in the history of art. At the same time, the well-established classification of genres does not allow to take into account completely the variety of trends and approaches to the depiction of a person in contemporary art. The understanding of the portrait genre’s boundaries in contemporary art is extremely blurred. Sometimes it means either any image of a person, or even the absence of one at all. It appears essential and important to consider the work of Russian artists in the context of international visual art practices to compose a more holistic picture connected with general cultural development. The article proposes to expand the established typology of the portrait genre adopted in Russian art. The already well-known typology of portrait painting can be updated with other types of portrait based on the semantic and semiotic analysis of artistic works of the late 20th — 21st century. It is important to study contemporary Russian portrait painting from the perspective of a variety of typological models, and to use the new language of contemporary art history to understand the processes taking place in Russian painting of the late 20th — 21st century, in order to facilitate the entry of Russian art into the international cultural context. An idea has been matured to create a National Portrait Gallery in Russia which would collect portraits and self-portraits of the greatest personalities of our era in a real and virtual space.
The Morning of a Lady of the Manor as a Programme Work of Alexey Venetsianov. On the Issue of the Academic Method in the Artist’s Theory and Practices
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Sechin Alexander G.
Published: January 2022

The Morning of a Lady of the Manor (1823) by Alexey Venetsianov embodies a veiled polemic of the artist with representatives of the academic school of painting concerning the academic method. The work demonstrates not only the painter’s credo, but also his possible steps on adjusting the educational system of the Imperial Academy of Arts. He occupied an intermediate position between the supporters of mindless copying of nature and the banal poses of classical statues. Here, he tried to prove the fruitfulness of the true academic method of creating a composition based on the characters (types) of “graceful nature”, the storehouse of which was the art of his famous predecessors. The work contains references to notable images of the indisputable authorities of academic classicism: Raphael Santi and Anton Raphael Mengs. The ancient art is also presented here both by a statuette of the Crouching Venus and its pictorial recreation: a peasant woman in the same attitude. The images which had served as the basis for Venetsianov’s visual metaphors were well-known to the professors of the Academy because they were literally right before their eyes — in the Hermitage. The picture by Venetsianov, on the one hand, demonstrates his commitment to academic values, first of all to сlassical art that had inspired both Raphaels as well as Winckelmann, an outstanding theorist of neoclassicism. Behind Venetsianov’s figures, we can also see the images of those “three Greek Venuses”, about which he later wrote in his theoretical notes Something about the perspective: Aphrodite Medici, Venus of Taurida (which in fact hides the type of Venus of Milo) and the Crouching Venus. On the other hand, the amazing skill of animating ancient statues by assimilating them into painting à la Natura was meant to attest to the real truth of his artistic method.
Wooden Church Architecture of the Russian North in the Russian Art History of the Early 21st Century
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Khodakovsky Evgeny V.
Published: January 2022

The article represents a historiographical review of publications on the wooden architecture of the Russian North, published in 2000–2010s. In these years the main perspectives of the research of the wooden church architecture of the Russian North can be distinguished as follows: the regional studies in the framework of large-scale scientific projects; studying the construction history and analysing the architectural features of specific objects, including in connection with their restoration; “rehabilitation” of the late period (19th–20th centuries) in the history of church wooden church building, which is a fundamentally new approach to this segment of the architectural heritage of the North; attracting a wide range of archival sources and gradually moving away from the speculative nature of unsubstantiated theoretical conclusions. An analytical review of publications on wooden church architecture published over the past twenty years is important not only for summing up intermediate results, but also for indicating further prospects for creating a complete panorama of wooden church building in the Russian North, which still remains unconnected and fragmentary, that is, forming from the history of individual monuments in different regions. The interaction of researchers of Russian wooden architecture with each other in the framework of long-term scientific projects is the key to successful joint work on the identification and introduction into scientific circulation of archival documents of the early period (16th–18th centuries) and conducting field surveys of preserved objects. The subsequent integration of the obtained data on chronological, quantitative and typological indicators will allow us to obtain a new objective picture of the historical development and artistic diversity of the monuments of wooden architecture of the Russian North.
Urban capital and the chronotope of the city: A new look at urban everyday life
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Martsinkovskaya Tatiana
Published: January 2022

The article considers various aspects of urban everyday life, its role in the development of motivation and individualization of human life strategies. The concept of urban capital is introduced and its forms, which positively and negatively affect the formation of the features of urban everyday life, are revealed. The levels of urban capital, which allow to explore the individual style of urban socialization are highlighted. Furthermore, the relationship between urban identity and the internal form of the city chronotope is analyzed. It is shown that common to all variants of human positioning in the city space is the identification or attitude to various aspects of urban capital — localization, city status, social and ecological environment. It is proved that the main difference between these concepts is in the focusing of urban identity (as well as in a sharper form of urban capital) on the external parameters of the city environment, while the internal form of the urban chronotope emphasizes the inner feeling of a person, his own experience in certain places and time in a particular cityscape. This difference indicates the role of the personal chronotope, its internal form in the self-development and self-realization of a person and the connection with existence, intentionality of the personality. The similarity of the concepts of individual chronotope and small chronotope is shown; their influence on the development of the plot (in literature) and the structuring of the human world (in psychology) is analyzed. The relationship between individual parameters of the internal form of a personal chronotope as well as places and times in a small chronotope in their role in restructuring the large chronotope of a city into the human world is examined.
Generativity and value orientations during emerging adulthood: Moderating the role of loneliness
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Polyakova Maria , Kharitonova Tatiana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Strizhitskaya Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the concept of “generativity”, approaches to its study and its place in the framework of foreign and Russian psychology. The period of emerging adulthood is an impor- tant stage in the life cycle of a person, in which personal and professional identity is formed, close relationships, and an individual value system is created. Studies of generativity related to the period of early adulthood have shown that generative orientation is included in the value structure of a person and can be a leading motive. At the same time, this is a period of building social relations and searching for personal boundaries. The article presents the results of an empirical study where 203 emerging adults participated (17–24 years; M=19.58; SD=0.15), of which there were 23 men (11%) and 180 women (89%). In the study, it was hypothesized that in the differential analysis of values, generative orientation and generative actions can be associated with different values. The authors assumed that since loneliness reflects certain aspects of a person’s interaction with society, then at different levels of its severity the specificity of the ratio of values and generativity can also change. The following methods were used: Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), Generative Actions List (GBC), Differential Loneliness Experience Questionnaire by E.N.Osin and D.A.Leontyev (DOPO) and the “Value Questionnaire” (CO) by Sh. Schwartz. Regression and cluster analyses were applied. The results of the study indicate a close relationship between generativity characteristics and the desire to maintain and preserve traditions (cultural, family, religious, etc.), as well as with a low level of feelings of isolation. It was revealed that generativity is associated mainly with values at the level of personal priorities, rather than at the level of normative ideals. Also, the relationship between generative orientation and hedonism, dependent on the attitude towards loneliness, is discussed. In the desire to avoid loneliness, an inverse relationship was revealed between the characteristics, while in the perception of loneliness as a resource — a direct one. The question is raised about the nature of the manifestation of generativity in people who feel dissatisfaction with interpersonal interaction. The practical significance of the study was that the data obtained confirm that with different severities of loneliness, the characteristics of generativity form different connections with values, which allows a more differentiated approach to accompanying the process of entering adulthood in practical and consulting work.
Interrelation between parents’ and children’s cognitive styles in primary school and early adolescence
Authors:   Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bydrina Ekaterina
Published: January 2022

The study aims to test the following hypothesis: cognitive styles (CS) of a mother and father are selectively associated with the severity of a child’s CS in primary school and early adolescence. As part of research for children’s CS (carried out by the method of longitudinal sections), data was collected on the problem of conjugation between parents’ and children’s style characteris- tics. CS were analyzed: impulsiveness — reflexivity (using the method “Comparison of similar drawings” by J.Kagan), field dependence — field independence (method “Gottschaldt’s Fig- ures”), rigid — flexible cognitive control (method “Verbal-color interference” by J. Stroop), narrow-wide range of equivalence (method “Free sorting of words” by V.Kolga). The sample consisted of 24 full families (48 parents) and their children (12 sons and 12 daughters); the hypothesis was tested using factor analysis of CS indicators. The obtained results indicate that in primary school and junior adolescence a child’s CS impulsiveness — reflexivity maintains a connection with the father’s CS, and in the CS field dependence — field independence in younger adolescence — with the mother’s CS, and in both styles this relationship has a positive character. In CS flexible-rigid cognitive control and in CS narrow — wide range of equivalence at the primary school age, both parents influence the formation of a child’s CS. In regard to CS in early adolescence, children and parents are no longer interconnected. It can be assumed that this indicates a different nature of СS: some styles are basic, and the connection with that this indicates a different nature of СS: some styles are basic, and the connection with the father or mother will, to one degree or another, persist in the future. And other styles are social, and with age their formation will be influenced by their social environment. Thus, this study raises questions about the need to clarify mechanisms for the formation of style behavior in ontogenesis, in particular, the influence of the family microenvironment factor. This factor can expand opportunities in the study of individual characteristics of mental activity, and also be taken into account in practical areas such as education, pedagogy, child psychology, etc.