bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Hybrid Quantum-Classical Ciphersuite Primitives
Authors: Jacinto H. Shelton
Published: June 2020

With the dawn of quantum computing in scale, current secure classical primitives are at risk.
Protocols with immediate risk of breach are those built on the advanced encryption standard (AES)
and Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithms. To secure classical data against a quantum adversary,
a secure communications ciphersuite must be developed. The ciphersuite developed in this work contains
components that do not necessarily rely on quantum key distribution (QKD), due to recent insecurities
found when a QKD-based protocol is faced with a quantum eavesdropper.

A set of quantum-classical ciphersuite primitives were developed using less common mathematical methods
where a quantum adversary will take a non-deterministic polynomial-time to find a solution, but still easy
enough for communicating classical computers to evaluate. The methods utilized for this work were created
from random walks, lattices, symplectic mappings, combinatorics, and others. The hardware methods developed
in this work rely on either classical laser-light, or entangled quantum states, with matching optimization
developed from global optimization theories.

The result of this work is the creation of non-QKD hybrid quantum-classical set of secure ciphersuite
primitives, built and expanded from existing classical and post-quantum security schemes, for both classical
and quantum information. In the tight integration between quantum and classical computers, the security of
classical systems with quantum interaction is essential.
Clusters in the Wilderness
Authors: Marr Jack
Published: June 2020

In the global war for talent and investment, local policymakers are at a seeming disadvantage
particularly in smaller cities as talent and capital are mobile while local policies are not.
This often results in wasteful "copy thy neighbor" "race-to-the-bottom" in local policies. In
these three essays, I develop a theory of Location-Based Passions (LBPs) and show that individual
job seekers will accept lower salaries and benefits to be close to what they love, that there are
long-term economic benefits in terms of greater per capita income and higher housing values to being
recognized as an LBP star city, and look at the case of Boise, Idaho. Using active outdoor sports as
a primary example, I argue that people will pay to play, that cities that play also pay, and that a
winning strategy for local policymakers and firms is to play to their unique inherent strengths in
leisure and cultural amenities to attract and retain top-talent and investment.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Kulkarni Priyanka , Wagh Girija
Published: June 2020

Increased vaginal discharge in pregnant women in many instances is not pathological. Vulvovaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidiasis or trichomoniasis can result in abnormal vaginal discharge. Bacterial Vaginosis is diagnosed more frequently in women with established preterm labor (PTL) or delivery and with preterm rupture of membranes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, PTL, premature delivery, preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM), amniotic fluid infection, postpartum endometritis, and post-cesarean wound infections have been reported.

We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in 246 pregnant women and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic was studied using Nugent’s scoring system. Perinatal outcomes were also assessed.

The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was maximum in the age group 21-25 years (46.43%), followed by 26-30 years (25%). The association of perinatal outcome and bacterial vaginosis among patients showed that PROM, LBW and IUGR infant had more bacterial vaginosis with a statistically significant association with bacterial vaginosis (P<0.05).

Bacterial vaginosis is a major public health problem prevalent in pregnant women and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Research should continue to evaluate the risks and benefits of medications to the mother and fetus. More focus needs to be placed on the prevention of preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes rather than the treatment of preterm labor once it occurs.
Effectiveness of skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes among parturients
Authors: Punnoose Reshma , Kumar Sulochana , P S Jessy
Published: June 2020

Third stage of labour is very crucial period in a women’s life. Previously uneventful first and second stage can become abnormal within a minute with disastrous consequences. In the third stage, the mothers face many problems like haemorrhage, retained placenta and inversion of the uterus. Early skin to skin contact at birth along with the breastfeeding process is protective against the incidence and severity of PPH. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes among parturients.

The objectives were to determine the effectiveness of skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth on maternal outcomes among parturients and to determine the effectiveness of skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth on neonatal outcomes among parturients. A quasi experimental research approach was used for the study. After obtaining permission from institutional ethical committee a total of 70 parturients admitted at labour room, Medical college hospital, Kottayam (35 each in control and experimental group) were selected for the study by purposive sampling technique. The data collection instruments were socio – personal and clinical data sheet, APGAR newborn scoring chart, observation checklist during third stage of labour, infant breastfeeding assessment tool (IBFAT), LATCH scale and modified maternal breastfeeding satisfaction evaluation scale (MBFES). Skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth implemented in experimental group immediately after normal vaginal delivery for 30 minutes. Post-test for duration of third stage of labour, blood loss during third stage of labour, initiation of breast feeding, quality of first breast feeding and maternal satisfaction were performed within 80 minutes after normal vaginal delivery in control and experimental group. The data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results of the study revealed that skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth had statistically significant effect on maternal outcomes (duration of third stage of labour, blood loss during third stage of labour and maternal satisfaction) and neonatal outcomes (initiation of breastfeeding, quality of first breastfeeding and time of initiation of first breastfeeding) (p < 0.05).

The result revealed that skin to skin contact between mother and baby at birth had effect on reducing duration of third stage of labour and blood loss during third stage of labour, improving maternal satisfaction, initiation of breastfeeding, quality of first breastfeeding and time of initiation of first breastfeeding.
Outcome of pregnancy following previous spontaneous abortion
Authors: Muzaffar Ufaque , Rashid Shazia , Salaam Saima , Yousuf Shazia
Published: June 2020

The objective of the present study was to study the pregnancy outcome following previous spontaneous abortion.

The present study included 140 patients admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Government Medical College Srinagar, LD Hospital Jammu & Kashmir India from September 2018 to February 2019. Patients with history of spontaneous abortion preceding present pregnancy irrespective of gravidity, first visit or booked or unbooked were enrolled. Detailed history regarding previous abortion was taken and examination was done focussing on information about previous abortion. All the routine investigations along with investigation for possible etiologies of previous abortions were done. The patients were observed for complications like PROM, placenta previa, preeclampsia, placental abruption, abortion, IUFD, breech, threatened abortion, still birth during the present pregnancy.

Out of 140 patients 100 were booked and 40 un-booked. Majority of the patients (39.2%) were in the age group of 25-30 years. 58.5% patients belonged to urban areas. Majority of patients (67.8%) were uneducated or educated till primary level. 15.7% of the patients had threatened abortion and 11.2% had complete abortion. Further it was found out that patients with pre term delivery and PROM were 14.2% and 9.25 respectively. 50% of patients delivered by caesarean section. It was further observed that foetal outcome was good in 72% of patients with lbw 9.2% and IUGR in 7.1% patients.

From the study it was observed that patients with history of previous spontaneous abortion are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. The pregnancy outcome in terms of maternal and foetal complications can be improved by giving proper antenatal care.
A case report of cortical venous thrombosis complicating pregnancy
Authors: Pallavi  , N S Narmadha , Amutha P
Published: June 2020

Cortical venous thrombosis is a rare complication of pregnancy resulting in stroke. The risk of stroke is higher in pregnancy than normal individuals because of high progesterone.
Zdolność świadków do składania zeznań przed sądami kościelnymi
Authors: Krzywkowska Justyna
Published: June 2020

Ważnym środkiem dowodowym w procesach przed sądem kościelnym są świadkowie. Obowiązkiem świadków jest szczere i zgodne z rzeczywistym stanem rzeczy przedstawianie faktów. Tylko świadkowie prawdomówni przyczyniają się do poznania prawdy. Elementami potwierdzającymi prawdomówność świadków są: wrodzona skłonność mówienia prawdy, dobre świadectwo wiarygodności moralnej, odpowiedzialność kanoniczna za składanie fałszywych zeznań. Czynnikiem negatywnym w odniesieniu do prawdomówności jest skłonność do manipulacji i kłamstw, jak również chęć osiągnięcia własnych korzyści w zamian za fałszywe zeznania. W niniejszym artykule ukazane zostało znaczenie zeznań świadków w procesach o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa, które toczą się przed sądami kościelnymi. Często prawdy o małżeństwie, jego nieważności, nie można udowodnić za pomocą dokumentu, wówczas osiągnięcie prawdy jest możliwe za pomocą zeznań świadków. Świadkowie wzywając imienia Boga przyrzekają mówić całą prawdę i tylko prawdę.
THE BUDDHISM CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE
Authors: Van Vu Hong
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This research focuses on analyzing how did Buddhism creates heritages, how did that the Buddhism heritage becomes the cultural heritage of the Vietnamese people, how have Buddhist heritage is involved in cultural life, and the contribution of Buddhist cultural heritage to Vietnamese culture. The value of Buddhism’s cultural heritage in the current life of the Vietnamese people.

Methodology: It was a qualitative study and data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews; each interview took between 15 – 25 minutes. I have also studied many ancient documents that have valuable, records on the history of Buddhism in Vietnam; the epitaphs are kept in pagodas, temples, communal houses; the books of the history of Vietnam; documents of famous authors studying culture and religion.

Main Finding: The results of this study showed, in history and the present, Buddhism holds an important position in the cultural life of Vietnamese people. Today, along with the development of the country, these legacies continue to contribute to the cultural activities of the people through many pagoda festivals and many religious activities, becoming an inseparable part of the cultural life of most Vietnamese people.

Implications/Applications: This research can be used as teaching material in universities; in research institutes on religion and culture. It can also serve as a reference for tour guides in the process of introducing visitors to the cultural heritage of Buddhism in Vietnam.

Novelty/Originality: This research explores ways to create the cultural heritages of Buddhism, how Buddhism’s cultural heritages become Vietnamese cultural heritages.
Application of Tawarruq in Islamic Banking in Malaysia: Towards Smart Tawarruq
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Faruq , Bamahriz Omar , Muneeza Aishath , Chu JinZi , Mustapha Zakariya , Ahmad Mohamad Zabidi
Published: June 2020

The objective of the paper is to discuss the application of tawarruq in Islamic banking generally. The modus operandi of tawarruq in Islamic banking is an essential discussion in jurisdiction like Malaysia, where most Islamic banks use tawarruq to structure Islamic banking products. This paper employs a systematic literature review on best practice models and mechanism of current tawarruq application. The outcome of the research helps to understand the modus operandi of tawarruq transactions practically with a view towards understanding its future prospects in the era of Fintech. It is envisaged that this research will assist the growing understanding of the existing application of tawarruq in Islamic banking as well as its future development using technology.
Towards Developing Standards for the Zakat Administration in the Republic of Sudan
Authors: Elmaghrabi Mahmoud Ghalib , Mohammed Mustafa Omar , Jan Muhammad Tahir
Published: June 2020

Zakat has a long history of helping poor and disadvantaged groups. However, Zakat institutions face numerous challenges in achieving their socio-economic objective: equitable distribution of resources. The aim of this study is to highlight the challenges hindering managerial efficiency in contemporary Zakat institutions as well as identify ways to improve managerial efficiency. Focusing the case on Sudan, this paper identifies the constraints facing the Zakat institution, from the macro perspective as well as from the managerial viewpoint. By using secondary sources, this paper found that inefficiencies such as ineffective collection and distribution, lack of coordination and mismanagement are some of the impediments causing inefficiency of Zakat collection and distribution. Furthermore, the paper suggests that standards constitute an instrument for the Zakat intuition to manage and enhance its efficiency as well as having the ability to guide Zakat in the right direction.
The State – a necessity or an enemy?
Authors: Kłos Jan
Published: June 2020

This paper seeks to show the State in its historical and analytical approaches. In view of history, we find two principal solutions. In this text they are called metaphysical and contractual. The metaphysical solution is characteristic of the pre-modern era with its Aristotelian claim that we carry the social principle in our human nature; the principle is the spawning ground for the State. Now, the contractual, i.e. the modern, approach defines the State as a result of human negotiation. Historically speaking, there have been many proposals along the spectrum from an overgrown institution to its, much atrophied, form. The author proposes a modest approach to our understanding of the State: it is needed from the well-being of social community. The condition, however, of this well-being is that the State be limited, allowing much space for its society to grow and form indispensable interrelations.
The Baltic Sea as the mediterranean of the North. The Baltic Region and Poland in the periodical “Geopolitica” (1939–1942)
Authors: Violante Antonio
Published: June 2020

In January 1939, the first issue of the Italian magazine “Geopolitica” came out: it would go on monthly until 1942. Founded in the scientific circles of Trieste by two geographers, Giorgio Roletto (1885–1967) and Ernesto Massi (1909–1997), who went on to become editor and co-editor-in-chief, respectively, the magazine was inspired by the German periodical “Zeitschrift für Geopolitik” by Karl Haushofer. However, its approach to geopolitical issues used autonomous conceptional bases quite different from those of the German school. In the intentions of its founders, “Geopolitica” should have contributed to a re-evaluation of didactics of geography and to support the imperialistic politics of Mussolini’s regime, even though it never got to have a substantial role in Italy’s governing policies. It never even obtained full recognition by the academic geographical establishment that in fact denied geopolitics its own scientific autonomy.

Frequent issues discussed in the magazine were the Mediterranean basin, the Balkans and Africa, close to the Italian geostrategic interests; but there was also cautious interest towards Poland, considered to be fully integrated into the German Lebensraum. Therefore, we could say there was some reticence in approaching this theme, along with a sort of reverence towards the German ally who was also “competition”, despite the fact that its territory saw strategic and political events of utmost importance during the entire four years of the magazine’s life.

On the other hand, the attention towards the Baltic region was free of any conditioning. It was perceived as a sort of a “Nordic Mediterranean”, wanted both by Germans and Soviets, and an object of desire also of the states who wanted to defend their difficult neutrality in the war that was raging throughout Europe.
Relação da utilidade do orçamento no empoderamento e na criatividade
Authors: Silva Thiago Bruno de Jesus , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: June 2020

O estudo objetiva analisar a relação entre o nível de utilidade percebida do orçamento no empoderamento e na criatividade. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória, quantitativa, com dados primários provindos de questionário aplicado em 100 gestores em organizações brasileiras de tecnologia de informação. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. A utilidade percebida do orçamento fornece aos funcionários crença de que têm liberdade para efetuar escolhas, dentro de um certo limite de espaço definido, o que provê suporte e a estrutura de autonomia necessários para o empoderamento e, por sua vez, a criatividade.
Patogenisitas Jamur Entomopatogen Aschersonia sp. Sebagai Pengendalian Hama Kutu Sisik Citricola Coccus pseudomagnoliarium (Kuw.) (Homoptera : Coccidae) Pada Tanaman Jeruk
Authors: Pramono Barep Seto , Purnomo Hari
Published: June 2020

One of the pests that attack the citrus plant is the scales of the citricola scales Coccus pseudomagnoliarium (Homoptera: Coccidae) which attack the branches and branches of the orange plant. This research aims to determine the level of pathogenicity of Aschersonia sp. in controlling C. pseudomagnoliarium pests in citrus plants. This research was conducted by knowing the level of pathogenicity of Aschersonia sp. in C. pseudomagnoliarium pests based on observations of C. pseudomagnoliarium nymph mortality variables, mycosis, mummification, and LC50 values (Lethal Concentration 50) and LT50 (Lethal Time 50). This research can provide information on the pathogenicity of Aschersonia sp. against C. pseudomagnoliarium in citrus plants. The highest percentage of mortality occurred at the treatment density of 109 spores/ml with a value of 77.50% and the lowest percentage of mortality occurred at the treatment density of 105 spores/ml with a value of 15.00%. LC values indicate that the spores density of 2.8 × 107  spores/ml has been able to kill 50% of the test insects, while to kill 90% of the test insects requires a density of 2.4 × 1010  spores/ml and to kill 95% of the test insects requires a density 1.6 × 1011 spores/ml. The LT50 calculation results show that the 1 × 109 spore density treatment has the smallest LT50 value of 3.11 days.
Pengaruh Kompos dan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Pada Lahan Kering Terhadap Produksi Sawi (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Kurniasih Farida Puput , Soedrajat Raden
Published: June 2020

The increasing of demand for agricultural product and the narrowing of fields where fields are currently being prioritized for cultivating food crops forcing them to take and use dry land. Problem happened by conducting agricultural activities on dry land such as limited water availability, low microorganism population and low nutrient avaibility. Water avaibility on dry land can be optimized by providing compost and PGPR. The productivity of Sawi nauli varieties according to the minister of agriculture decision (2009) that 37-39 tons/ha with a population per hectare are 93.000 plants. This purpose of this study is to determine the effect of compost and PGPR on dry land about pakchoy productivity. This study also used factorial completely randomized design and replicated 3 times. The design of two treatments are: The first:  compost which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 5 kilograms of soil, 4900 grams of soil with 100 grams of compost, 4800 grams of soil with 200 grams of compost, 4700 grams of soil with 300 grams of compost. For the second factor is PGPR which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 0 milligrams/plant, 100 milligrams/plant, 200 milligram/plant and 300 milligram/plant. The data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the results obtained from the ANOVA test were followed by the Standart Error Mean (SEM). Based on the results of the study it is known that there are influences from each single factor and combination of treatments. Compost treatment showed significantly different results on variable number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll and dry weight of plants. Whereas there is a very significant effect on plant height and plant fresh weight. On a single factor PGPR showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaf chlorophyll, but showed a significant effect on variable number of leaves, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The combination of compost and PGPR treatment showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll, and plant dry weight. The treatment combination treatment showed a significant effect on the fresh weight variable of the plant
Viabilitas Bacillus sp. Sebagai Agen Antagonis Patogen Tanaman Dalam Formulasi Berbahan Dasar Tepung
Authors: Fakhruddin Dhirham Khusma , Nurcahyanti Suhartiningsih Dwi
Published: June 2020

Bacterial biopesticide formulations needed because the use of bacteria in the suspensions can reduce the ability to control disease in plants. Therefore, a bacterial suspension needs to be mobilized in the formula with a carrier (Carrier) to maintain the viability of bacteria. This research uses the formulation of Bacillus sp. made from rice flour, corn, tapioca and talc with the addition of urea, glucose and CMC. Formulation of Bacillus sp. flour based with the addition of urea, glucose and CMC were tested with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines and Colletotrichum sp. in vitro. The results showed that Bacillus sp. after formulation it is still able to maintain viabiitas and antagonistic power. Viability of Bacillus sp. the best is in the formulation of rice flour at 14 hsi at 4.94 X 1014 cfu / g while the inhibition zone of Bacillus sp. the best is the corn flour formulation of 13.1 mm and the inhibitory capacity of Bacillus sp. the best is in tapioca flour formulation at 42 hsi at 62.89%
HALAL INDUSTRY INFLUENCE ON STATE GDP - OIC COUNTRIES IN THE ASIAN REGION IN 2013 - 2016
Authors: Badi Ahmad Samsul
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to Determine the relationship between the influence of Islamic finance, halal food and halal tourism to GDP in the OIC countries in 2013 - 2016. This is a quantitative study using data panel method. The Data used is secondary Data from Thomson Reuters in 2013 - 2016. The results Showed that Islamic finance, halal food and sharia tourism cumulatively to positively Affect show. From the results of the independent F-test in know that
DETERMINANTS OF REAL EXCHANGE RATE: A BEHAVIOURAL AND FUNDAMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Chavez Cesar
Published: June 2020

In this research, we analyze the determinants of the real exchange rate through the fundamentals and behavioral factors, adding other variables as monetary aggregates, economic growth, domestic savings, and productivity. We worked with thirteen Latin American countries from 1980 to 2018 and we used three estimates such as fixed-effects, random-effects, and System GMM. The findings show that although the real exchange rate has a large random component, due to the high coefficient presented by the past values of that variable, there are other variables such as terms of trade, net foreign assets, tax revenue, monetary aggregates, savings rates and productivity, or real interest rate differentials, relative price and economic growth, which can impact negatively and positively respectively. Keywords: Real Exchange Rate, System GMM, Macroeconomics FactorsJEL Classification: E52, E62, C33, C53
CERVICAL PENETRATING INJURY IN ZONE 2
Authors: Silva Luis Fernando Barbosa , Silva Viviane de Deus , Ferreira Larissa Mendonça , Oliveira Joao Guilherme Silva , Junior Reginaldo Maia
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY: Several vital structures, of both the aerodigestive and vascular systems, are contained in the cervical regions. Cervical lesions have high complexity and high morbidity and mortality. They are more common in young men inserted in a context of violence. The objective of this study was to demonstrate an injury by firearm with transfixation of the trachea, approached by cervicotomy in which was performed a termino-terminal anastomosis of the affected segment. The patient presented satisfactory clinical and surgical outcomes.
REINCIDÊNCIA DA DOENÇA DE CHAGAS NO BRASIL POR VIAS ALTERNATIVAS DE TRANSMISSÃO
Authors: ARAUJO LARISSA , FIGUEIRA CAROLINE BARROS , VILELA SANTOS PAULO CESAR , SOARES MICHEL MARTINS , MARTINS KAROL-LAYNE MACENA , TAKADA JOÃO PAULO ZELLMER , SOUZA LETICIA BATISTA , FIGUEIREDO BARBOSA GUSTAVO ANTONIO
Published: June 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo, identificar a incidência de casos notificados da doença de Chagas, assim como, elucidar a via de transmissão mais frequente no Brasil, destacar os fatores que corroboram com esta reincidência da doença e evidenciar se há necessidade de maiores investimentos em vigilância epidemiológica para a doença de Chagas no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e retrospectivo, onde foi realizada uma busca sistemática na literatura disponível em bancos de dados de relevância científica no meio médico, LILACS e SCieLO, onde buscou-se por publicações que tratassem da incidência atual da doença de Chagas no Brasil. Entre os estudos analisados, foi detectado um aumento significativo de notificações da doença de Chagas, com ênfase nos casos da doença em fases agudas. Observou-se ainda que a via oral foi a de maior prevalência entre as formas de transmissão. Uma vez que a maior parcela das políticas públicas se encontra voltadas para o controle da transmissão vetorial e transfusional da doença de Chagas, nota-se uma menor atenção ao controle de alimentos contaminados, uma vez que a transmissão por via oral foi a mais apontada em todos os estudos analisados. Destarte, urge a necessidade de desenvolvimento de políticas que visem o controle sanitário de alimentos, principalmente os extraídos de áreas consideradas endêmicas e que são comercializados e consumidos in natura.

Palavras-chave: Doença de Chagas; Transmissão; Monitoramento Epidemiológico.
Correct Expression of the Material Derivative in Continuum Physics
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: June 2020

The material derivative is important in continuum physics. This Letter shows that the expression $\frac{d }{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}+(\bm v\cdot \bm \nabla)$, used in most literature and textbooks, is incorrect. The correct expression $ \frac{d (:)}{dt}=\frac{\partial }{\partial t}(:)+\bm v\cdot [\bm \nabla (:)]$ is formulated. The solution existence condition of Navier-Stokes equation has been proposed from its form-solution, the conclusion is that "\emph{The Navier-Stokes equation has a solution if and only if the determinant of flow velocity gradient is not zero, namely $\det (\bm \nabla \bm v)\neq 0$.}"
W-Band Millimeter Waves Targeted Mortality of H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells without Affecting Non-tumorigenic MCF-10A Human Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Komoshvili Konstantin , Israel Katya , Levitan Jacob , Yahalom Asher , Barbora Ayan , Liberman- Aronov Stella
Published: June 2020

Therapeutically effective treatments of cancer are limited. To calibrate the efficiency of the novel technique we recently discovered to modulate cancer cell viability using tuned electromagnetic fields; H1299 human lung cancer cells were irradiated in a sweeping regime of W-band (75-105 GHz) millimeter waves (MMW) at 0.2 mW/cm2 (2 W/m2). Effects on cell morphology, cell death and senescence were examined and compared to that of non-tumorigenic MCF-10A human epithelial cells. MMW irradiation led to alterations of cell and nucleus morphology of H1299 cells, significantly increasing mortality and senescence over 14 days of observation. Extended irradiation of 10 minutes duration resulted in complete death of exposed H1299 cell population within two days, while healthy MCF-10A cells remained unaffected even after 16 minutes of irradiation under the same conditions. Irradiation effects were observed to be specific to MMW treated H1299 cells and absent in the control group of non-irradiated cells. MMW irradiation affected nuclear morphology of H1299 cells only and not of the immortalized MCF-10A cells. Irradiation with low intensity MMW shows an antitumor effect on H1299 lung cancer cells. This method provides a novel treatment modality enabling targeted specificity for various types of cancers.
A Compartmental Epidemiological Model for the Dissemination of the COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Matsinos Evangelos
Published: June 2020

A compartmental epidemiological model with seven groups is introduced herein, to account for the dissemination of diseases similar to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In its simplified version, the model contains ten parameters, four of which relate to characteristics of the virus, whereas another four are transition probabilities between the groups; the last two parameters enable the empirical modelling of the effective transmissibility, associated in this study with the cumulative number of fatalities due to the disease within each country. The application of the model to the fatality data (the main input herein) of five countries (to be specific, of those which had suffered most fatalities by April 30, 2020) enabled the extraction of an estimate for the basic reproduction number $R_0$ for the COVID-19 disease: $R_0=4.91(33)$.
An Overview of Basic Molecular Biology of SARS-CoV-2 and Current COVID-19 Prevention Strategies
Authors: Das Ankur , Ahmed Raja , Akhtar Suraiya , Begum Khaleda , Banu Sofia
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 manifests regarding extreme acute respiratory conditions caused by a novel beta coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which is reported to be the seventh coronavirus to infect humans. Like other SARS-CoVs it has a large positive-stranded RNA genome. But specific furin site in the spike protein, mutation prone and phylogenetically mess Orf1ab separates SARS-CoV-2 from other RNA viruses. Since, the outbreak (February - March 2020) which originated in China, researchers, scientists, and medical professionals are inspecting all possible facts from every possible aspect including its replication, detection, and prevention strategies. This led to the prompt identification of its basic biology, genome characterization, structural based functional information of proteins, and strategies to prevent its spread. Due to the rapid mutation rate, the functional characterization of a few proteins is still lagging. This review summarizes the recent updates on the basic molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention strategies undertaken worldwide to tackle COVID-19. This recent information can be implemented for the development and designing of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
Simple, Accurate and User-Friendly Differential Constitutive Model for the Rheology of Entangled Polymer Melts and Solutions from Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos , Tsimouri Ioanna , Mavrantzas Vlasis
Published: June 2020

In a recent reformulation of the Marrucci-Ianniruberto constitutive equation for the rheology of entangled polymer melts in the context of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, rather large values of the convective constraint release parameter \beta_{ccr} had to be used in order not to violate the second law of thermodynamics. In this work, we present an appropriate modification of the model which avoids the splitting of the evolution equation for the conformation tensor into an orientation and a stretching part. Then, thermodynamic admissibility dictates simply that \beta_{ccr}≥ 0, thus allowing for more realistic values of \beta_{ccr} to be chosen. Moreover, and in view of recent experimental evidence for a transient stress undershoot (following the overshoot) at high shear rates whose origin may be traced back to molecular tumbling, we have incorporated in the model additional terms accounting, at least in an approximate way, for non-affine deformation through a slip parameter \xi. Use of the new model to describe available experimental data for the transient and steady-state shear and elongational rheology of entangled polystyrene melts and solutions shows close agreement. Overall, the modified model proposed here combines simplicity with accuracy, which renders it an excellent choice for managing complex viscoelastic fluid flows in large-scale numerical calculations.
Universal Scaling Laws of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: June 2020

Hydraulic fracturing has been studied by using dimensional analysis. The universal scaling law of the problem has been formulated. From this investigation, it has found that the key control variable in the process is total damage number $J=\frac{p+\frac{1}{2}\rho U^2}{\sigma_Y}$. The crack length is satisfied with the geometric similarity law if no response time is concerned, otherwise, it would not satisfy the similarity.
Recurrent Pheochromocytoma in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Susheela Ammu , Eldib Howide , Vinnakota Deepthi , Bial Andrea , Ali Salman , Koh Hannah , Lavery Brian , Gorbien Martin
Published: June 2020

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that affects people in the 4th and 5th decades of life. It can be benign or malignant, and present as isolated tumors or along with other neuroendocrine syndromes. We present a case of an elderly man who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma when he was 58 years only to have a recurrence of metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma in his seventies. We also conducted a literature review to understand the epidemiology and presentation of the tumor and to emphasize that there should be a low threshold of suspicion for timely diagnosis and management of recurrent pheochromocytoma.
Is the Internet Really Ruining Your Memory? Keep Reading as Modiﬁable Protective Factor Against Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ramos Hernán , Alacreu Monica , Guerrero Mª Dolores , Sánchez Rafael , Moreno Lucrecia
Published: June 2020

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) would correspond to a preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to find associations between lifestyle individual factors compatible scores with cognitive impairment (CI) in SCD people. Methods: This is a case-control study to detect SCD, CI and potential associated factors in 497 patients over 50 years in Community Pharmacies. Three screening tests detected possible CI and patients with at least one test compatible with CI were referred to Primary Care to be evaluated. Results: In self-complaint patients statistically significant with depressive feelings were found (86.8%) with benzodiazepines consumers (83.9%) and female patients (81.2%). Thirty percent of our sample obtained scores compatible with CI. Being older than 70 years old increased the odds of obtaining scores compatible with CI. High level education, reading and internet use were able to reduce the odds of positive scores compatible with CI (37%-91%, 7%-18% and 67%-86%), whereas, one extra hour television/day increased the risk in 8%-30%. Reading was able to nullify the effect of both internet and TV consumption. Conclusion: Not just the age but also modifiable lifestyle factors are acting in favour of a cognitive decline.
Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 in Honduras at the Early Phase of the Pandemic Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Zambrano Lysien I. , Sierra-Santos Manuel Antonio , Mejía-Santos Homer Mauricio , Palou Elsa Yolanda , Muñoz-Lara Fausto , Lorenzana Ivette , Alvarado Tito , Fuentes-Barahona Itzel Carolina , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano , Rodriguez-Nuñez Ivan , Valladares-Rosa Víctor Manuel , Corrales-Alvarez Arturo Gerardo , Arteaga-Livias Kovy , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: June 2020

The epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have affected all the regions of the world, nevertheless, in some countries there is a lack of studies on its main clinical and epidemiological features. We analyzed the incidence, incidence rates, and evolution of COVID-19 cases in Honduras from February 18-April 24, 2020.Methods: Using daily epidemiological data from surveillance about COVID-19 in Honduras, we calculated the rates of incidence (cases/100,000 population), and developed at national, departmental, and municipal levels GIS-based maps.Results: February 18 - April 24, 2020, a sum of 3,169 suspected COVID-19 cases have been assessed by RT-PCR, 533 (16.8%) of them were positive, for an incidence rate of 5.73 cases/100,000 pop. The highest peak was reached on March 31 (48 cases). The department with the highest number of cases and incidence rate was Cortes (383 cases, 71.9% of the total, 21.45 cases/100,000 pop). Discussion: The pattern and evolution of COVID-19 epidemic in Honduras has been particularly focused in the major urban areas, San Pedro Sula and Tegucigalpa, the capital city. Studies using geographical information systems linked with clinical disease characteristics are necessary to attain accurate epidemiological data for public health systems. Such information is also useful for assessment of the evolution of the pandemic and monitoring interventions.
Integrated Pest Management for Acacia: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Chauhan Jyoti , Saini Ishan , Kumar Tarun , Kaushik Prashant
Published: June 2020

Species of Acacia have been extensively entrenched in the tropical, and semi-arid regions as well as in the southern hemisphere. Acacia species have been bounteous faces the pest and pathogenic pressure. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an immensely important aspect of producing a healthy Acacia plantation without harmful impacts on the environment. Here an attempt was made to determine the possibilities of integrated pest management for Acacia. Overall, this information will be helpful to increase awareness about the integrated pest management of the members of the genus Acacia.
Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified by Molybdenum to Detection Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ahmad Khalaf , Alkhawaldeh Rawia
Published: June 2020

Molybdenum oxides is well-known electro-catalysts in fuel cells systems, they are usually used as anodic materials for the oxidation of low molecular weight alcohols. The utilization of Mo as catalysts in the pharmaceutical analysis is not common yet. In this study, bare glassy carbon electrodes were modified by the oxides by means of electrochemical deposition and the modified electrodes were used as catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). Well-resolved anodic peaks were reported for the analyzed pharmaceuticals when the Mo/GCE was utilized for the analysis of HCT. Analytical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated based on the following statistical parameters; linearity ranges, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and quantitation, and recovery values. The prepared electrodes were used for the determination of the active ingredients in their pharmaceutical formulations and the reported activity was correlated to influence of the utilized pH on both structures of the used electrodes and the detected analytes.
Single Amino Acid Variant (SAV) Percentage and Monomer Modeling of Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan
Authors: Al-Zyoud Walid , Haddad Hazem , Foudeh Ramzi
Published: June 2020

Spike protein is the surface glycoprotein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessary for the entry of the virus via the transmembrane receptors of the human endothelial cells of the respiratoty system for the virus to be engulfed causing COVID-19 disease after priming by type II transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 and then binding with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, mutations and amino acid variants analysis are essential in understanding the mechanism of binding of spike protein with its receptor to have an insights on possibilities to design a peptide or nucleotide-based vaccine for COVID-19. Here, we employed Iterative Threading Assembly Refinement (I-TASSER) and Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform (MAFFT) to predict the three-dimensional monomer structure of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and to analyze the amino acid variants for protein sequences from GISAID database for samples collected from Jordan in a try to find an explanation for the low confirmed number of COVID-19 in Jordan. Our Protein Homology/analogY Recognition Engine V 2.0 (Phyre2) findings showed four single amino acid variants (SAV) found in 20 samples of SARS-CoV-2. What is equal to 5% of samples showed tyrosine deletion at Y144 located in the SARS-CoV-like_Spike_S1_NTD (N terminal domain), 62% showed aspartate substitution to glycine at D614G located in the SARS-CoV-2_Spike_S1_RBD (spike recognition binding site), 5% showed aspartate substitution to tyrosine at D1139Y and 5% showed glycine substitution to serine at G1167S both located in the Corona_S2 domain. The findings have shown lower mutational sensitivity in all variants that might not affect the function of spike glycoprotein except for D614G, which has the highest mutational sensitivity score (5 out of 9) indicating a higher likelihood to affect the function of the spike protein. This might suggest, in general, a reduced transmitability of SARS-CoV-2 in Jordan.
COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution: Management Proposals Post-pandemic
Authors: Ormaza-González Franklin , Castr-Rodas Divar
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to take confinement and social 13 distancing measures. The reduction of leisure and production activities on beaches and ports have 14 disappeared direct and indirect contamination such as plastics, hydrocarbon spill, microbiological loads, 15 noise level, etc. leading to temporary improved environmental conditions, converting the beaches 16 similar to Marine Protected Areas. Some conditions are briefly analyzed through local surveys and in situ 17 observations in the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta and Galápagos. 97-99 % of surveyed 18 people agreed that beaches have notoriously improved during confinement at least from visual 19 observation. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches were rated 2.23 and 2.83 (less than 20 acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.48 and 4.33 after it for Salinas and Manta respectively. The 21 beaches have less garbage in general and plastic, even though there has been an increase in plastic and 22 face mask production around the world. In Salinas, 72%, and 23 % of surveyed people have seen small 23 pelagic fish, whilst in Manta 75%, and 41% of people saw the same, but also 17% of people have seen 24 whales (humpback and shark-whales) and dolphins practically swimming on the beach. Manta rays, 25 turtles, and other types of species were also observed. In Galapagos beaches, turtles have been 26 observed many more times than usual. The main plausible reason is the decrease in noise level. It is 27 recommended to take this unique opportunity, to construct a baseline data and information on physical, 28 chemical, biological, microbiological coastal oceanographic science, and from them to establish a proper 29 Coastal Zone Management based on beach description, water, and beach quality, human dimension, 30 and economic value indexes. This data and information construction should ideally be done before the 31 beaches are open.
Yahudiliği Oryantalizmden Kurtarmak İçin İslam’ı Araç Olarak Kullanan Alman-Yahudi Araştırmaları
Authors: EKİZ Necmettin Salih
Published: June 2020

19. Yüzyılda gelişmeye başlayan Alman Oryantalizmi, Yahudi alimlerin İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmasıyla II. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar altın çağını yaşamıştır. İslam araştırmalarına dahil olmalarının muhtemel birden fazla nedeni olsa da en önemli nedenlerden bir tanesi Yahudiliği Avrupa insanına tanıtma amacıydı. Nitekim o yıllarda İslam nasıl oryantalizm tarafından olumsuz söylem ve tasvirlere maruz kaldıysa Yahudilik de aynı durumunda payını almıştır. Bu olumsuz söylemi yıkmak için Alman-Yahudi alimler kolları sıvamışlar ve İslam ile Yahudilik arasındaki benzerliklere özellikle dikkat çekip İslam'ın Yahudilik'ten türediğini iddia etmek suretiyle Yahudiliğin Hristiyanlık'tan üstün olduğunu hatta onun da Yahudilik'ten türediğini ispat etmeye çalışmışlardır. Susannah Heschel bu makalesinde o döneme ve sonrasına ustaca ışık tutmakta ve Alman-Yahudi oryantalistlerin İslam araştırmalarındaki önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Cervical Kyphosis in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Bernatz James T. , Anderson Paul A. , Halanski Matthew A.
Published: June 2020

Case:

A 12-year-old boy with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Type II presented 5 years after undergoing spinal growing rod placement with cervical kyphosis at C2-3. He underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion but 6 years later developed significant kyphosis at the adjacent C3-4 level.

Conclusion:

We describe a rare adjacent segment kyphotic condition in a young man with SMA Type II. Clinicians should be cognizant of the risk of cervical kyphosis in adolescent patients with SMA.
Catastrophic Polyethylene Failure and Fractured Femoral Component in Modern Knee Arthroplasty Design
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Cameron Hugh U. , Gollish Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2020

Case:

We report a 67-year-old gentleman who presented with a painful unstable knee. He had undergone a successful total knee arthroplasty 12 years earlier and was highly functional. He presented with a 10-month history of mild pain, instability, and gait alteration. During revision surgery, there was a loss of bony support, and a fractured femoral component was identified. He required constrained revision components for reconstruction and made an uneventful recovery.

Conclusions:

Fractured femoral components are rare complications of modern primary total knee arthroplasty. Loss of bony support in critical areas of high loading will inevitably lead to catastrophic component failure.
Fat Embolism Syndrome: The Ambiguity of Diagnosis in the Postarthroplasty Patient
Authors: Rosser Kenrick , Wilton Sophia , Farrington William J.
Published: June 2020

Case:

We present the case of an otherwise healthy, 74-year-old woman, who underwent bilateral hip arthroplasty and subsequently presented with decreased level of consciousness, mimicking a severe postoperative delirium. After several days and investigations, the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES) was reached, and appropriate management was given.

Conclusion:

Orthopedic surgeons and their teams should consider FES as a differential diagnosis of prolonged post-operative delirium. With supportive management these patients can make a full recovery without lasting neurological symptoms. Our patient has shown no subsequent sequelae after 10-month follow-up.