bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penyediaan Air Bersih (Studi kasus: Desa Poni-poniki, Kec. Tirawuta, Kab. Kolaka Timur)
Authors: Ramjan Ramjan , Talanipa Romi , Sriyani Rini , Adityawan Muh. Handy Dwi
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlong with the growth of the community, the water demand in Poni-Poniki Village is increasing, but it is not balanced with the development of existing clean water management facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of clean water in the village of poni-poniki, by measuring the discharge of the springs in the mountains of Poni-poniki. Then analyze the need for clean water based on survey data and the results of population projection analysis. Based on the real demand survey (RDS), the water needs of the people of Poni-poniki Village in 2019 = 0.840 liters/second, and in 2023 = 0.993 liters/second. Mountain spring discharge based on field measurements using the Volumetric method is 0.00347 m³/second or 3.467 liters/second. Thus, the availability of water until 2023 can still be met safely, but the water sources used will not meet the needs in the next few years.AbstrakSeiring dengan pertumbuhan masyarakat maka kebutuhan air di Desa Poni-Poniki semakin meningkat namun tidak diimbangi dengan pengembangan sarana pengelolahan air bersih yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ketersediaan air bersih desa poni-poniki, dengan melakukan pengukuran debit mata air pegunungan Poni-poniki. Kemudian menganalisis kebutuhan air bersih berdasarkan data hasil survey dan hasil analisis proyeksi penduduk. Berdasarkan real demand survey (RDS), kebutuhan air masyarakat Desa Poni-poniki pada tahun 2019 = 0,840 ltr/dtk, dan tahun 2023 = 0,993 ltr/detik. Debit Mata Air pegunungan berdasarkan pengukuran dilapangan menggunakan metode Volumetrik adalah 0.00347 m³/detik atau 3.467 liter/detik. Dengan demikian ketersediaan air sampai tahun 2023 masih dapat terpenuhi dengan aman, tetapi sumber air yang digunakan tidak memenuhi kebutuhan dalam beberapa tahun mendatang.
Metode Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Bore Pile Jembatan Teluk Kendari
Authors: Tryagum Tryagum , Sulha Sulha , Mustika Wayan
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe government continues to promote infrastructure development outside Java as an effort to equalize development, including Kendari City. This study aims to determine the implementation method, requirements and standards of bore pile work in the Kendari Bay Bridge project. The results of the research on the method of carrying out bore pile work on the Kendari Bay Bridge project include a series of preparations for casing bore pile erection, mobilization of bore pile steel casing, erection of bore pile steel casing, connection of bore pile steel casing, setting of RCD tools then drill bore pile points to the desired depth. specified on the plans, rebar installation, bore pile casting. Material requirements and standards used in bore piles for concrete use high-strength SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) concrete with a quality of fc 30 Mpa, by adding Retarder RD, Super Plastic SP and Fly Ash.AbstrakPengembangan infrastruktur di luar pulau Jawa terus digenjot pemerintah sebagai upaya pemerataan pembangunan, termasuk Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode pelaksanaan, syarat dan standar pekerjaan bore pile di proyek Jembatan teluk Kendari. Hasil penelitian metode pelaksanaan pekerjaan bore pile pada proyek Jembatan Teluk Kendari antara lain rangkaian persiapan pemancangan casing bore pile, mobilisasi casing baja bore pile, pemancangan casing baja bore pile, penyambungan casing baja bore pile, setting alat RCD kemudian bor titik bore pile sampai kedalaman yang telah ditentukan pada gambar rencana, instalasi rebar, pengecoran bore pile. Syarat dan standar material yang dipakai pada bore pile untuk beton menggunakan beton mutu tinggi SCC (Self Compacting Concrete)  dengan mutu fc 30 Mpa, dengan menambahkan Retarder RD, Super Plasitis SP dan Fly Ash.
Analisis Perbandingan Penggunaan Quarry Abeli Dan Quarry Simbo Berdasarkan Waktu Dan Biaya (Studi Kasus : Proyek Pembuatan Jalan Inspeksi Bandar Udara Haluoelo)
Authors: Rajab Abdul , Sulha Sulha , Fitriah Fitriah
Published: July 2023

Optimization of construction projects is very important because many projects have had their work schedule stopped due to funding problems and soaring material prices. One type of project that is of concern in terms of cost optimization is a road pavement project. This huge cost is inseparable from the procurement of the materials needed for road construction, what's more, quarry materials are not available around the project site and to bring in these materials is increasingly expensive. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to compare costs and compare the duration of time required between the use of the Abeli Quarry and the Simbo Quarry. Based on the calculation results, the time needed to replace subgrade using simbo quarry is done by 1 person the foreman, 10 units of dump trucks and 1 unit of excavator is 14 days while for abeli quarry with the same number of workers and equipment it can be done in 28 days. Based on the results of the calculation of the budget plan, the cost required for subgrade replacement work using quarry simbo is Rp. 538,102,160.00 while for the abeli quarry it is Rp. 1,048,254,320.00 with a difference of Rp. 510,152,160.00. The duration of time needed for subgrade replacement work using abeli quarry is 28 days while for simbo quarry is 14 days. Where the difference in time is 14 days with a comparison percentage of 50%.Optimalisasi pada proyek konstruksi menjadi sangat penting karena banyak proyek yang jadwal pekerjaannya dihentikan karena masalah dana dan harga material yang melonjak. Salah satu jenis proyek yang menjadi perhatian dalam hal pengoptimalisasian biaya adalah proyek perkerasan jalan (pavement). Biaya yang besar ini tidak terlepas dari pengadaan material yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan jalan apa lagi quarry material tidak tersedia disekitar lokasi proyek dan untuk mendatangkan material-material itu semakin mahal. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu Untuk menganalisa Bagaimana perbandingan biaya dan perbandingan durasi waktu yang dibutuhkan antara quarry abeli dan quarry simbo. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, waktu yang dibutuhkan Pada penggantian tanah dasar dengan mengunakan quarry simbo yang dikerjakan oleh 1 orang mandor, 10 unit dump truck dan 1 unit excavator adalah 14 hari sedangkan untuk quarry abeli dengan jumlah pekerja dan peralatan yang sama dapat dikerjakan dalam waktu 28 hari. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rencana anggaran biaya, biaya yang dibutuhkan perkerjaan penggantian tanah dasar dengan menggunakan quarry simbo adalah Rp. 538.102.160,00 sedangkan untuk quarry abeli adalah Rp.1.048.254.320,00 dengan selisih sebesar Rp.510.152.160,00. Durasi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pekerjaan penggantian tanah dasar menggunakan quarry abeli yakni 28 hari sedangkan untuk quarry simbo yakni 14 hari. Dimana selisih waktunya yakni 14 hari dengan persentase perbandingan 50%.
Ellipses and hyperbolas of decomposition of even numbers into pairs of prime numbers
Authors: Butov Gennady
Published: July 2023

This is just an attempt to associate sums or differences of prime numbers with points lying on an ellipse or hyperbola. Certain pairs of prime numbers can be represented as radius-distances from the focuses to points lying either on the ellipse or on the hyperbola. The ellipse equation can be written in the following form: |p(k)| + |p(t)| = 2n. The hyperbola equation can be written in the following form: ||p(k)| - |p(t)|| = 2n. Here p(k) and p(t) are prime numbers (p(1) = 2, p(2) = 3, p(3) = 5, p(4) = 7,...), If we construct ellipses and hyperbolas based on the above, we get the following: 1) there are only 5 non-intersecting curves (for 2n=4; 2n=6; 2n=8; 2n=10; 2n=16). The remaining ellipses have intersection points. 2) there is only 1 non-intersecting hyperbola (for 2n=2) and 1 non-intersecting vertical line. The remaining hyperbolas have intersection points.
Equivalence of the Four Fundamental Forces via Singularity Cancellation in Complex Function Theory
Authors: CHEN WEN-XIANG
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a novel mathematical framework based on complex function theory to investigate the equivalence of the four fundamental forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. By employing the properties of singularities in complex functions, we demonstrate that the equivalence can be achieved by cancelling out singularities in a specific way. Our approach not only expands the understanding of the interrelation between these forces but also provides new insights for potential unified theories.
Exploration of species diversity and vegetation pattern in temperate conifer forests along altitudinal gradients in the Western Himalayas
Authors: Hashim Muhammad , Bushra Eamon , Dasti Altaf Ahmad , Abbasi Asim , Ali Hayssam M. , Maqsood Sumaira , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Aslam Asad , Abbas Zaheer , Khan Muhammad Tajammal
Published: July 2023

The moist temperate forests extend along the whole length of outer ranges of Himalaya between the subtropical pine forests and sub-alpine timberline formation with a rainfall from 400 mm to 800 mm. The altitudinal range is from 1500 m to 3000 m. The floristic variation in these Himalayan forests is poorly understood especially in the study area. Species composition may be either unpredictable or it may correspond to environmental heterogeneity. Vegetation from 144 stands in between 2000 – 2700 m altitude was sampled. Soil samples were collected to document edaphic conditions. Soils were physically and chemically analyzed. Ordination (DECORANA) and classificatory techniques were used to analyze the vegetation data. No clear disjunct vegetation patterns emerged from these analyses. The major axes brought out by the ordination were related to altitude and although it is possible to relate the units of classification to broad soil types. Soil chemical properties, litter cover and rockiness were significantly associated with the vegetation variation along an altitudinal gradient. The application of classification to the ordination allowed the interpretations of the vegetation variation in terms of topography and predictable climatic factors such as rainfall, wind speed and extent of snow accumulation. The vegetation patterns revealed have been discussed in relation to the general problem of plant community definition in continuous forest type. Our results demonstrate the overlapping rather than clearly discrete boundaries between the vegetation types and species distributions. This overlapping nature of the vegetation types are discussed in terms of overlapping environmental preferences of the species. Our results are consistent with notion that species separate edaphically and landscape scale within the uniform looking forest. This view maintains that differences in soil within the forest are distinct enough to favor different species, and thus create numerous floristically differentiated forest patches along the altitudinal gradients. The findings that non obvious but distinct floristic and edaphic variation exist within the Himalayan moist temperate forests at the landscape scale have important practical implications for forest management. In biodiversity conservation a high degree of habitat heterogeneity implies an increased need for wide-scale information on species distribution and endemism patterns to better assess where the different habitats are, which species they harbor, and where conservation efforts should be concentrated. The overlapping nature of vegetation types and hazy boundaries of the plant communities implies that plant ecologists must continue to attempt the difficult definition of hazy boundaries.
THE USE OF TIKTOK ACCOUNTS @HUDZAA IN THE FULFILLMENT OF FOLLOWERS' RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Damanik Soniari Valentina , Kustiawan Winda
Published: July 2023

Social media can affect people's mindset and lifestyle, especially millennials. From various information obtained on social media, one of them that can be applied is da'wah activities. This research uses a social media case study, namely the Tiktok application conducted by Hafiz Qur'an, and a young da'i, the Tiktok account @Hudzaa. The case study in this study is that followers of Tiktok accounts @Hudzaa. Research method, using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach and interviews with followers. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of the @Hudzaa tiktok account on the effectiveness of da'wah for followers. The study's results, the use of TikTok @Hudzaa as a da'wah medium is appropriate, and a short drama in da'wah has a positive impact on followers, so followers have applied it in everyday life. It is hoped that this research can be a new insight for the millennial generation and in creating content on the Tiktok application to be more innovative in delivering da'wah in accordance with the challenges of the times.
Taxonomy for Assessing Evaluation Competencies in Extension
Authors: Rodgers Michelle , Hillaker Barbara , Haas Bruce , Peters Cheryl
Published: July 2023

Evaluation of public service programming is becoming increasingly important with current funding realities. The taxonomy of evaluation competencies compiled by Ghere et al. (2006) provided the starting place for Taxonomy for Assessing Evaluation Competencies in Extension. The Michigan State University Extension case study described here presents a field-tested and reliable survey to measure evaluation competencies of Extension professionals in three domains (situational analysis, systematic inquiry, and project management) as well as indicates opportunities for professional development training themes to enhance the evaluation competencies of Extension academic professionals.
Building Regional Networking Capacity Through Leadership Development: The Case of Leadership Northwest Missouri
Authors: Maltsberger Beverly , Majee Wilson
Published: July 2023

Through a case study analysis of a regional leadership development program, this article describes the impact on individual and group leadership skills and how the skills are employed to benefit individual communities and the region as a whole. Data were obtained through surveys. Through cooperation and collaboration between and among leadership program graduates, leadership alumni, and other regional leaders, graduates grew personally and professionally, and built new networks that help them advance their communities and the region. The most significant implication for Extension from this study is the need to expand partnerships in order to better utilize resources.
The Role of Extension Nutrition Education in Student Achievement of Nutrition Standards in Grades K - 3: A Descriptive Evaluation of a School-Based Program
Authors: Arnold Mary , Screiber Debera
Published: July 2023

This article reports the results of a descriptive evaluation of the impact of an in-school Extension nutrition education program in a small, very rural county. The evaluation focused on understanding the nature of the role the Extension educator plays in delivering nutrition education, the impact of the program on student learning and achievement of nutritional benchmarks, and the value of the collaboration between the schools and Extension. Results indicate that the Extension nutrition program is a valuable resource for schools in the county and that the program supports student achievement of nutrition education standards.
A Model for Evaluating eXtension Communities of Practice
Authors: Kelsey Kathleen , Stafne Eric
Published: July 2023

As Americans shift their work and leisure activities online, Extension seeks to remain viable by delivering programs through a website known as eXtension. eXtension is predicated on the voluntary labor of Extension specialists and educators who form Communities of Practice to create and deliver content through the website. Evaluation of eXtension CoP can be effectively executed using Patton's (2011) developmental evaluation model. A flow of activities for evaluating eXtension CoP using this approach is presented along with a case study of the Grape CoP evaluation using Patton's developmental evaluation model.
A Look Inside: Self-Leadership Perceptions of Extension Educators
Authors: Ricketts Kristina , Carter Hannah , Place Nick , McCoy Teresa
Published: July 2023

Extension educators are often considered influential community leaders. Still the question remains—how do educators motivate themselves to success? Does this contribute towards their self-leadership perceptions? Specialists from three universities administered a survey to look at the "self-leadership" of Extension educators. Results indicated Extension educators use a variety of motivation strategies; however, there was a lack of awareness of how their thought processes contributed towards leadership success. Ultimately, future Extension professional development curriculum and trainings should be focused on developing motivational strategies such as how to successfully "self-talk," evaluation of one's beliefs and assumptions, and how to visualize successful performance.
The Influence of Extension on Team Success of a Milk Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Hohmann Kathryn , Ruegg Pamela
Published: July 2023

A mail survey was used to determine the influence of Extension on team success of a milk quality improvement program for Wisconsin dairy producers. Producers who did not learn about Milk Money from Extension were less likely to complete the program and reported an increased bulk milk somatic cell count at the time of survey. Producers who did not use an Extension agent as the team leader were less likely to complete Milk Money compared to teams led by Extension agents. The impact of Extension on team success of Milk Money should be considered when creating new Extension programs.
4-H Teen Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)
Authors: Black Lynette , Powell Pamela
Published: July 2023

The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program is designed to train Americans to safely help themselves and their community in the event of a widespread disaster. This program is designed for adults. Despite youth increasingly becoming recognized as valuable resources, able to equally partner with adults in leadership and decision-making roles (Zeldin, Petrokubi, & MacNeil, 2007), they remain a largely untapped resource in disaster preparedness where they could play an important role before, during, and after a disaster. 4-H Teen CERT is a program that empowers youth to prepare for, stay safe during, and respond after a major disaster.
North Dakota Leadership Training Boosts Confidence and Involvement
Authors: Flage Lynette , Hvidsten Marie , Vettern Rachelle
Published: July 2023

Effective leadership is critical for communities as they work to maintain their vitality and sustainability for years to come. The purpose of the study reported here was to assess confidence levels and community engagement of community leadership program participants in North Dakota State University Extension programs. Through a survey administered to 196 program participants, a statistically significant increase was shown in self-confidence as well as in community organizational involvement and leadership.
Family Resource Management Needs Assessment in New Mexico
Authors: Rahman Fahzy
Published: July 2023

New Extension state specialists face many uncertainties when beginning to work in their new position, especially when it involves a state unfamiliar to them. Literature reviews may not provide the latest and clearest picture of the needs and challenges in the state. Furthermore, the between-county variation of issues may differ greatly. The study reported here illustrates how a survey of Home Economics county agents may benefit a new Extension specialist and provide a picture of Extension Home Economics needs and challenges specific to New Mexico.
An Unexplored Direction in Solid Waste Reduction: Household Textiles and Clothing Recycling
Authors: Meadows Celia , Goudeau Cynthia
Published: July 2023

"Nearly 100% of all household textiles and apparel can be recycled" was the thesis for a recycling education program for Extension professionals attending a state meeting. Positive encouragement resulted in six additional presentations and pre-test/post-tests. One group received a follow-up survey after 3 1/2 months. After the educational sessions, awareness and perceived importance increased, and donating unwanted clothing to churches or charities became the preferred option, while discarding in the trash became the least desirable option. Extension professionals can engage consumers in a unique area of waste management. The resulting Extension fact sheet lends curriculum support.
Information Sources and Farmers' Attitudes Toward Switchgrass Production as a Biofuel Feedstock
Authors: Marra Adrienne , Jensen Kimberly , Clark Christopher , English Burton , Menard Jamey
Published: July 2023

Farmers' use of information sources about switchgrass, a potential cellulosic ethanol feedstock, and interest in growing switchgrass are examined. Data are from a 2009 survey of farmers in 12 southern states. Farmers familiar with switchgrass production for energy tend to be younger, more highly educated, have larger farms, have higher farm incomes, and attend more Extension workshops than farmers unfamiliar with switchgrass. Farmers familiar with switchgrass tend to use multiple sources of information and use certain types of sources to formulate various opinions about switchgrass. Familiarity with switchgrass and using multiple information sources may build farmer interest in growing switchgrass.
A Case Study Involving Pocket Gopher Damage Abatement in Alfalfa
Authors: Frey Nicole , Wilks Rory
Published: July 2023

Extension faculty mentored a local rancher to compare methods to control pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) on his property. We compared the effectiveness of road flare fumigation to that of strychnine bait, which is the common method of pocket gopher control. The overall % change was highly variable among plots and treatment methods. Road flare fumigation is not recommended for hay fields because it was less cost-effective than commercially available 0.5% strychnine gopher bait and similar to no control at all. The faculty-and-farmer collaboration was a successful partnership to demonstrate research strategy and answer a management question.
Educating Idahoans to Make Their Own Estate Planning Decisions
Authors: Hansen Lyle , Healy Beverly , Richel Karen , Bischoff Marilyn
Published: July 2023

To address the need for estate planning education, University of Idaho Extension partnered with community organizations, local attorneys, and health care professionals to conduct unbiased, low-cost seminars that teach important legal end-of-life concepts and skills. Using the award-winning Legally Secure Your Financial Future: Organize, Communicate, Prepare (LSYFF) curriculum, 19 seminars were offered to nearly 1,600 participants throughout Idaho. Instructors guided seminar participants through an evaluation of their important documents and legal decisions, taught estate planning concepts, motivated attendees to communicate legal end-of-life wishes, and provided references for self-help or professional assistance.
A Feasibility Template for Small, Multi-Species Meat Processing Plants
Authors: Holcomb Rodney , Flynn Kyle , Kenkel Philip
Published: July 2023

This article describes a spreadsheet-based template designed to help livestock producers and others examine the feasibility of operating a small, multi-species meat processing plant. The template allows users to define plant size and capacity, including the breakdown of processing activities by species and additional revenue opportunities. The spreadsheet utilizes user-defined information on capital and operating costs to develop depreciation schedules, loan amortization schedules, 10-year profit/loss projections, cash flow projections, and various measure of return on investment. An imbedded user's guide and a companion "how to use" video helps template users examine the financial feasibility of a meat plant venture.
Consumer-Centered Extension Education Website Increases Usage
Authors: Francis Sarah , Martin Peggy , Taylor Kristin
Published: July 2023

Concern about young families' ability to cope with rising food prices resulted in creating Spend Smart. Eat Smart (SSES), a website focused on budget-friendly nutrition information for limited resource audiences (LRA). SSES was redesigned using LRAs needs and preferences to increase use by LRAs. SSES usage increased after it was revised to incorporate interactivity and more consumer-friendly design elements.
FlowersOnTime: A Computer Decision-Support Tool for Floriculture Crop Producers
Authors: Fisher Paul , Runkle Erik , Blanchard Matthew , Erwin John , MacKay Bruce
Published: July 2023

A computer decision-support tool was developed as an Extension outcome of the Floriculture Research Alliance to help commercial plant growers and educators estimate the effect of changing average air temperature on production time of over 60 species and cultivars of herbaceous ornamental crop plants. Cropping time predictions are based on research data from 16 sources. This information can help growers determine appropriate greenhouse temperature settings so that their plants are in flower on time to meet pre-determined market dates. The target audiences are growers, Extension professionals, and crop consultants.
Testing a New Generation: Implementing Clickers as an Extension Data Collection Tool
Authors: Parmer Sondra , Parmer Greg , Struempler Barb
Published: July 2023

Using clickers to gauge student understanding in large classrooms is well documented. Less well known is the effectiveness of using clickers with youth for test taking in large-scale Extension programs. This article describes the benefits and challenges of collecting evaluation data using clickers with a third-grade population participating in a childhood obesity prevention program.
Using Discussion Methods to Inspire Diversity: Harnessing Social & Cultural Capital
Authors: Raison Brian , Gordon Beverly
Published: July 2023

How can you better harness the powerful social capital that exists within diverse individuals, families, businesses, and schools to make positive impacts in your community? What could you add to your next meeting—a Chamber strategic planning session, an employee wellness program, a non-profit board development—to better connect participants with valuable (and sometimes hidden) resources that often go untapped? This article describes a guided-discussion process in which participants (communities, volunteers, clients, students, non-profits, business alliances, etc.) discover strength, richness, and value within their collective narratives. It allows exploration of topics in diversity, social capital and community action.
A Statewide Train-the-Trainer Model for Effective Entrepreneurship and Workforce Readiness Programming
Authors: Fields Nia , Brown Manami , Piechocinski Alganesh , Wells Kendra
Published: July 2023

A statewide youth and adult train-the-trainer model that integrates workforce readiness and entrepreneurship can have a profound effect on young people's academic performance, interest in college, and overall youth development. Participants in workforce and entrepreneurship programs develop personal resources that have value in school, in the workplace, and in the local community (Entwisle, Alexander, & Olson, 2000). To increase the collaborative entrepreneurship and workforce readiness efforts in Maryland, 4-H Youth Development Educators created an interactive youth and adult train-the-trainer model to implement workforce readiness and entrepreneurship educational programs in local communities.
Global 4-H Network: Laying the Groundwork for Global Extension Opportunities
Authors: Major Jennifer , Miller Rhonda
Published: July 2023

A descriptive study examining 4-H programs in Africa, Asia, and Europe was conducted to provide understanding and direction in the establishment of a Global 4-H Network. Information regarding structure, organizational support, funding, and programming areas was gathered. Programs varied greatly by country, and many partnered with other 4-H organizations around the world. Few content areas offered by the surveyed countries aligned with their major agricultural commodities, even though content areas were available in the United States 4-H Program. The Global 4-H Network has the potential to fill these holes and provide additional opportunities to global programs.
Steps Toward Creating and Validating an Evidence-Based Couples Curriculum
Authors: Goddard Wallace , Marshall James , Olson Jonathan , Dennis Steven
Published: July 2023

This article describes a four-step process for creating an evidence-based couples curriculum and describes the first steps in applying this process. Specifically, we developed a self-report questionnaire to operationalize a model of healthy relationships. We gathered data from 1,204 married people in a southeastern state and conducted a series of analyses to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and the predictive usefulness of the general model. Results indicated partial support for the reliability and validity of the instrument. In addition, certain aspects of the model were significantly related to positive marital outcomes.
Extension Efforts to Restore Bottomland Oaks Requires Knowledge of Both Trees and Soil
Authors: Mercker David , Blair Ryan , Tyler Don , Saxton Arnold , Smith Joshua
Published: July 2023

Bottomland oak restoration projects have been marginally successful because professionals often recommend conventional tree planting procedures that prove problematic in saturated soils. A reliable method of matching oak species to bottomland sites is needed prior to planting. In the study reported here, bottomland oaks were matched to hydric soils based on soil mottling. The findings suggest that as soil drainage improves, species diversity expands. Natural Resource Extension professionals should consider "active" methods of direct technical assistance and field demonstrations and "passive" methods of newsletters, publications, and pamphlets, as delivery methods to educate both landowners and professionals about this subject.
Using Digital Classrooms to Conduct 4-H Club Meetings
Authors: West Patricia , Fuhrman Nicholas , Morgan Christian , Duncan Dennis
Published: July 2023

Using computer technology and digital classrooms to conduct 4-H Club meetings is an efficient way to continue delivering quality 4-H programming during times of limited resources and staff. Nineteen Junior and Senior 4-H'ers participated in seven digital classroom workshops using the Wimba Classroom application. These digital classroom sessions were designed to improve Project Achievement development and increase competition scores. Eighteen of the nineteen 4-H participants increased Project Achievement scores by approximately 11%. Seven hours of travel time and 26 hours of instruction time were saved by utilizing digital classroom technology in a 3-month period.
Eat, Grow, Lead 4-H: An Innovative Approach to Deliver Campus-Based Field Experiences to Pre-Entry Extension Educators
Authors: Weeks Penny , Weeks William
Published: July 2023

Eat, Grow, Lead 4-H Club was created as a pilot program for college students seeking to gain experience as non-formal youth educators, specifically serving pre-entry level Extension educators through a university-based 4-H club. Seventeen student volunteers contributed an estimated 630 hours of service to the club during spring 2011. The club served 23 children of students living in on-campus housing at Oklahoma State University. The primary purpose for sharing this "idea at work? is to encourage university faculty to create similar programs to serve college students seeking careers as Extension educators.
Enhancing Both Cooperative Extension and National Environmental Education Resources
Authors: Monroe Martha
Published: July 2023

State Extension programs can contribute to the successful adoption of national environmental education programs by making locally relevant resources available, creating reference materials to bridge between 4-H project books and other resources, and developing companion materials that supplement national materials with local issues and resources. Such activities provide opportunities to integrate research and teaching with Extension programs and build productive relationships with agencies and organizations. Seven strategies with examples from one state are explained.
Impact of a Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Extension Program on Producer Cull Cow Management Practices and Meat Quality Knowledge
Authors: Imler AM , Carr CC , Hersom MJ , Johnson DD , Thrift T A
Published: July 2023

Dairy producers must implement culling strategies that optimize animal welfare and meat quality to maintain consumer confidence in beef products. A Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Extension program was conducted including varying educational delivery methods, incorporating industry personnel in teaching and discussion, and interactive demonstrations. All respondents indicated that they would adopt at least one new production practice to optimize welfare and/or meat quality. Additionally, all respondents indicated that the workshop was effective at teaching producers how to optimize welfare and meat quality and improve the value of cull dairy cattle, suggesting that similar programs would be successful in other states.
Will eXtension Survive? Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Employees' Perceptions of Adopter Attributes of eXtension
Authors: Xu Xianyan , Kelsey Kathleen
Published: July 2023

eXtension was introduced in 2008 as an innovation to rekindle public interest in Extension. The founders forecasted a 75% adoption rate within 1 year. However, adoptions rates have been much lower than expected. The study reported here investigated eight perceived adopter attributes (relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, visibility, ease of use, result demonstrability, image, and voluntariness) of eXtension among Oklahoma Extension employees to identify threats to adoption. Findings indicated that Extension employees generally held negative views of all eight attributes of the innovation. Without profound changes to the innovation and process of adoption, eXtension risks failure in this state.
Electronic Commerce Adoption in the Hardwood Industry
Authors: Arano Kathryn , Spong Ben
Published: July 2023

The U.S. hardwood industry must follow the lead of corporate America in adopting e-commerce to remain competitive domestically and globally. A mail survey was conducted to investigate e-commerce adoption and trends among West Virginia primary and secondary hardwood industries. About 47% of the respondents have adopted e-commerce in their business. Factors influencing e-commerce adoption include firm output, export activity, and industry type. The top three reasons for adopting e-commerce include greater exposure to potential customers, improvement of service to customers, and improvement of company's competitiveness. The three major concerns for not adopting e-commerce include profitability, information security, and cost.
Perceptions of the Training Needs of the Newest Members of the Extension Family
Authors: Bruce Jacklyn , Anderson Jessica
Published: July 2023

The study reported here investigated the perceived importance and proficiency of leadership skills to new North Carolina Cooperative Extension agents. The researchers utilized a Web-based survey questionnaire that incorporated Leadership Skills Inventory (LSI) developed by Jones (2006). According to Moore (2003), the leadership skills are developed into six categories: human skills, emotional intelligence skills, conceptual skills, technical skills, communication skills, and industry knowledge skills. Overall, new Extension agents felt that communication and industry knowledge skills were ranked as the least important and least proficient skills.
Technical Feasibility of Small-Scale Oilseed and On-Farm Biodiesel Production: A Vermont Case Study
Authors: Wheelock Emily , Parsons Robert , Wang Qingbin , Darby Heather , Grubinger Vernon
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the technical feasibility of small-scale oilseed production and on-farm processing of biodiesel and livestock feed using primary data from two Vermont farms. Results indicate that small-scale production of sunflowers, canola, and soybeans, and on-farm processing of livestock feed and biodiesel are technically feasible, but yields depend on many factors. Increased local expertise, information-sharing among the farm and Extension communities, and improved access to harvesting and processing equipment can improve productivity and efficiency. Additional experience in seed drying and expeller pressing techniques should reduce fat content in the seed meal, improve meal value, and improve oil production efficiency.
Poultry Farmers' Willingness to Participate in Energy Audits
Authors: Jensen Kimberly , Roberts Roland , English Burton
Published: July 2023

Farmers' willingness to participate in energy audits of their poultry operations is influenced by a variety of farm characteristics and farmer demographics. Data from a 2008 survey of Tennessee poultry farmers were used in a logit regression to investigate factors influencing willingness to participate in energy audits. Size of operation, energy costs, use of propane, farm income, use of energy efficiency measures, and share of acreage in row crops influenced willingness to participate. Farmer demographics, including farming experience, educational attainment and use of Extension services, also influenced willingness to participate.
Overview of the GEMS Model of Volunteer Administration (Generate, Educate, Mobilize and Sustain)
Authors: Culp Ken
Published: July 2023

To organize and coordinate the efforts of many volunteers, a framework for volunteer engagement is needed. The "GEMS" Model of volunteer administration was developed to assist Extension professionals and volunteer coordinators to effectively administer volunteer programs without delivering the program themselves. The GEMS Model is illustrated in a spiral, depicting the continuous process of involving volunteers in community programs and organizations. GEMS consists of 18 steps, which exist in four distinct categories, including: Generate, Educate, Mobilize, and Sustain. The GEMS Model is a tool that will help volunteer administrators and leaders achieve the goals of the organization and its clientele.
Viticulture Education via Blogging
Authors: Stafne Eric
Published: July 2023

Extension educators must become creative to increase impact at a reduced cost. A blog from the Oklahoma State University viticulture and enology program through Wordpress engaged industry members about grape growing. The most views were during March and June, important months in the season. Off-season months (October through January) resulted in fewer readers. Views were consistent throughout the workweek, but declined during the weekend. A visual complement to a blog entry, such as a photo, may encourage readers to view content. Overall, the blog expand the reach of the Oklahoma viticulture and education program at no added expense.
Going the Distance Part 1: Three Keys to Successfully Delivering an Extension Course at a Distance
Authors: Rader Heidi
Published: July 2023

Distance learning is common in most segments of education, and the body of knowledge is extensive. Extension can apply much of this research but uniquely educates students whose presence is voluntary. The literature suggests that successful distance-delivered Extension courses share three characteristics: course content is high quality, demand is high for the course, and the distance-delivery method is satisfactory. More studies are needed to better assess the efficacy of specific distance-delivery methods in an Extension setting, but these three keys can be used to decide whether or not to deliver a course using distance delivery.
E-Newsletters: A Simple Way to Integrate Technology with Extension Programming
Authors: Erickson Luke , Hansen Lyle
Published: July 2023

Extension educators can easily include technology in regular programming. Several Extension faculty conducted a survey to determine the overall effectiveness of a electronic newsletter (e-newsletter). Results indicated that this e-newsletter had a wide viral reach, provided strong local impact in terms of confidence and behavior changes, increased website traffic, and helped establish a strong web presence. This e-newsletter also helped increase programming requests and strengthen relationships with local legislators and other leaders. The implication is that e-newsletters are cost-effective, time-friendly, and relatively non-technical tools for expanding the reach of local Extension programs, and for reaching online audiences.
Increasing Response Rates to Web-Based Surveys
Authors: Monroe Martha , Adams Damian
Published: July 2023

We review a popular method for collecing data—Web-based surveys. Although Web surveys are popular, one major concern is their typically low response rates. Using the Dillman et al. (2009) approach, we designed, pre-tested, and implemented a survey on climate change with Extension professionals in the Southeast. The Dillman approach worked well, and we generated response rates as high as 79%. However, the method was not problem-free. We share several lessons learned and recommendations for increasing response rates with Web-based surveys and draw attention to the importance of personalized and repeated contact for improving survey response rates.
Mixed-Mode Surveys: A Strategy to Reduce Costs and Enhance Response Rates
Authors: Tobin Daniel , Thomson Joan , Radhakrishna Rama , LaBorde Luke
Published: July 2023

Mixed-mode surveys present one opportunity for Extension to determine program outcomes at lower costs. In order to conduct a follow-up evaluation, we implemented a mixed-mode survey that relied on communication using the Web, postal mailings, and telephone calls. Using multiple modes conserved costs by reducing the number of postal mailings yet maintained an acceptable response rate (67.1%). The case presented here provides further evidence that using mixed-mode survey techniques provides Extension with a tool to conduct rigorous survey research while adapting to budget constraints.
Sextension?
Authors: Hockersmith Luciana
Published: July 2023

Many programs in Extension deal with sensitive issues; however, one issue that seems to be comfortably omitted is sexuality education. How can Extension address this issue? This article highlights existing sensitive issues already addressed in Extension programs and offers a challenge to examine the situation for the benefit of individuals, families and communities.
Nature's Notebook and Extension: Engaging Citizen-Scientists and 4-H Youth to Observe a Changing Environment
Authors: Posthumus Erin , Barnett LoriAnne , Crimmins Theresa , Kish George , Sheftall Will , Stancioff Esperanza , Warren Peter
Published: July 2023

Extension, with its access to long-term volunteers, has the unique ability to teach citizen scientists about the connection between climate variability and the resulting effects on plants, animals, and thus, humans. The USA National Phenology Network's Nature's Notebook on-line program provides a science learning tool for Extension's Master Gardener, Master Naturalist, and Master Water Steward training programs, engaging volunteers to contribute to a scientifically rigorous data resource. We give examples of how Extension programs in Arizona, Florida, and Maine are currently incorporating Nature's Notebook, and encourage use of the program in other Extension locations.
Using Social Media to Involve the Public in Wildlife Research—the SNAMP Fisher Sock Collection Drive
Authors: Kocher Susie , Lombardo Anne , Sweitzer Rick
Published: July 2023

The University of California Cooperative Extension used social media to solicit donations to support research on the Pacific fisher, a rare forest-dwelling weasel, conducted by UC scientists. The social media campaign included blog and Facebook postings, news releases, and tweets requesting donations of single socks. Socks were donated from around the state and nation, with 82% coming from urban areas. The drive was successful at securing resources to support wildlife research while at the same time extending outreach to new non-local audiences. The major challenge was developing the local logistical support to deal with the overwhelming influx of donations.
Using Non-Extension Volunteering as an Experiential Learning Activity for Extension Professionals
Authors: Andrews Kevin , Lockett Landry
Published: July 2023

Extension professionals can gain much-needed competencies in volunteer administration through experiential learning by participating in volunteer activities. Experiential learning is a means of behavior change that allows the individual learner to reflect on, abstract, and apply their experiences to new situations. This article expands on Boyd's list of methods for overcoming barriers to developing competencies in volunteer administration. Extension professionals can participate in experiential learning on demand and for little to no cost, while also creating public value.
A Collaborative Bovine Artificial Insemination Short Course for Students Attending a Caribbean Veterinary School
Authors: Dalton Joseph , Robinson James , DeJarnette JM
Published: July 2023

Artificial insemination (AI) of cattle is a critical career skill for veterinarians interested in food animal practice. Consequently, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Student Chapter of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Select Sires, and University of Idaho Extension have partnered to offer an intensive 2-day course to provide AI training to students attending the Caribbean veterinary school. This collaborative effort includes a unique cost-sharing arrangement that ensures students attending the geographically remote veterinary school receive the educational opportunity to increase their knowledge and develop the skill of performing AI in cattle.
"Let's Talk": Collaboration Between Family and Consumer Sciences Extension Personnel and Teachers
Authors: Rahman Fahzy , Bartley Sharon , Cummings Merrilyn , O’Brien David
Published: July 2023

Interactive meetings between New Mexico Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) teachers and Extension personnel (county Home Economics agents and state FCS specialists) were conducted to promote collaboration between the two parties. Based on pre- and post-meeting surveys, both parties showed similarities in almost all perceptions and expectations concerning collaboration. Teachers expressed significantly stronger wishes for collaborations on presentations and service projects and in the areas of Food Technology and Clothing, Fashion and Textiles in the pre-survey. Significant differences were not evident in the post-survey, indicating the contribution of the meetings in bringing these groups together on attitudes towards collaboration.
Current and Future Water Availability: Public Opinion in the Southern United States
Authors: Borisova Tatiana , Evans Jason , Smolen Michael , Olexa Michael , Adams Damian , calabria jon
Published: July 2023

We examine public opinions about future water availability using results of a survey conducted in 2008 – 2010 in nine southern states. Because a large percentage of respondents in Florida, Georgia, and Texas were concerned with water availability, and many in Tennessee believed a prolonged drought was likely, residents of these states may be more responsive to water conservation educational programs. To increase public awareness about water issues, Extension should tailor educational programs to new state residents and those with lower educational levels. Extension programs focusing on global warming impacts on water resources can have high effects in Arkansas and Oklahoma.