bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil in treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer having ascites
Authors: Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yamamura Shogo , Ikoma Tatsuki , Kurioka Yusuke , Doi Keitaro , Kawai Takeshi , Nagai Hiroki , Tsuduki Takao , Shimada Takanobu , Matsumoto Yusuke , Tsumura Takehiko , Takatani Masahiro , Yasui Hisateru , Satake Hironaga
Published: April 2022

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is an oral chemotherapy comprising a thymidine-based nucleoside analog and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. The FTD/TPI versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer trial showed that FTD/TPI is effective with manageable toxicity in these patients. However, data on the effect of FTD/TPI on patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) having ascites are limited.Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinicopathologic data of patients with AGC who had received FTD/TPI monotherapy in our institutions from September 2019 to July 2021.Results: A total of 44 patients were included in this study. The median age was 71 (range, 37‒85) years, 22 patients were men, the numbers of patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores 0, 1, and 2 were 8, 32, and 4, respectively, and 25 patients had diffuse-type histology. A total of 25 patients had ascites, among whom 13 had massive ascites. The response rate and disease control rate (DCR) were 2% and 41%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 2.4 months and median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 months. Patients with ascites exhibited significantly shorter OS (8.6 vs. 4.7 months, P=0.0406) than those without ascites, and DCR (68% vs. 20%, P=0.0012) was significantly worse in patients with ascites. There was no significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher between patients with and without ascites.Conclusion: FTD/TPI has a moderate, although inadequate, effect on patients with AGC having ascites.
Low-to-moderate arsenic exposure and urothelial tract cancers: A sixty-year latency analysis
Authors: Liao Pei-Ju , Lee Chih-Hung , Wang Shu-Li , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chen Chien-Jen , Hsu Kuang-Hung
Published: April 2022

BackgroundArsenic exposure can cause adverse health effects. The effects of long-term low-to-moderate arsenic concentrations and methylations remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between low-to-moderate arsenic exposure and urothelial tract cancers while considering the effects of methylation capacity.MethodsIn this study, 5,811 participants were recruited from an arseniasis area in Taiwan for inorganic arsenic metabolite analysis. This follow-up study was conducted between August 1995 and December 2017, with an average 60-year latency period after exposure inception. We identified 85 urothelial tract cancers in these participants, including 49 bladder and 36 upper urothelial tract cancer cases. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed.ResultsThe analyses revealed a significant association between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water > 100 ppb and bladder cancer occurrence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.88 (95% CI, 1.35–17.61). A statistically significant monotonic trend was observed between concentrations of inorganic arsenic in water (from 0 to >100 ppb) and the incidence of urothelial tract cancer, including bladder cancer (P < 0.05) and upper urothelial tract cancers (P < 0.05). Participants with a lower primary methylation index had a dose–response relationship with concentrations of inorganic arsenic (in water) of 0–10.00, 10.01–50.00, 50.01–100.00, and >100.00 ppb and developing urothelial tract cancers, with HRs of 1.00, 2.17, 3.11, and 4.60, respectively. Participants with a higher secondary methylation index had a dose–response relationship with concentrations of inorganic arsenic of 0–10.00, 10.01–50.00, 50.01–100.00, and >100.00 ppb and developing urothelial tract cancers, with HRs of 1.00, 1.20, 2.03, and 3.73, respectively.ConclusionsA dose–response relationship was observed between low-to-moderate inorganic arsenic exposure and urothelial tract cancers among susceptible individuals with primary hypomethylation responses. Rigorous regulations and active interventions should be considered for populations with high-risk characteristics.
Understanding the risk factors for adverse events during exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhu Shuzhen , Zhou Lianjuan , Feng Yuqing , Zhu Jihua , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the risk factors associated with adverse events during exchange transfusion (ET) in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective study of infants with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent ET within 30 days of birth from 2015 to 2020 in a children’s hospital. Both traditional statistical analysis and state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) were used to identify the risk factors.ResultsA total of 188 ET cases were included; 7 major adverse events, including hyperglycemia (86.2%), top-up transfusion after ET (50.5%), hypocalcemia (42.6%), hyponatremia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (38.3%), metabolic acidosis (25.5%), and hypokalemia (25.5%), and their risk factors were identified. Some novel and interesting findings were identified by XAI.ConclusionsXAI not only achieved better performance in predicting adverse events during ET but also helped clinicians to more deeply understand nonlinear relationships and generate actionable knowledge for practice.
N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer encapsulates AlN powders for anti-hydrolysis
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Wang Shun , Wang Yu , Wang Tun , Li Junhong , Yu Guangcheng , Zhang Lei , Lei Fang , Shi Ying
Published: April 2022

Hydrolysis resistance of aluminum nitride (AlN) particles can be achieved by chemically grafting AlN powders to titanate coupling agents (KR-238S) and poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-itaconic acid) (NVP-IA). The modified AlN (M-AlN) powders were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential and thermal gravimetric analysis. The TEM results showed that a wrapping layer approximately 20 nm thick was formed on the surface of the AlN powders, forming a core-shell structure to isolate contact with water molecules. During the anti-hydrolysis test, Al(OH)3 was formed within 12 h of the original AlN powders being hydrolyzed, whereas the modified AlN particles maintained their morphology and crystal structure for 276 h. The zeta analysis demonstrates that M-AlN has stronger absolute zeta values. The results obtained from the thermal gravimetric analysis also revealed that NVP-IA vaporizes completely at high temperatures with no effect on the sintered AlN ceramics.
Early-onset diabetes involving three consecutive generations had different clinical features from age-matched type 2 diabetes without a family history
Authors: dawei wang , dawei wang , Yuan Jing , Qiu Hai-Yan , Lu Jing , Yang Jin-Kui
Published: April 2022

Objective
Early-onset, multigenerational diabetes is a heterogeneous disease, which is often simplistically classified as type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes(T2D). However, its clinical and genetic characteristics have not been clearly elucidated. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical features of early-onset diabetes involving three consecutive generations (eDia3) in a Chinese diabetes cohort.
Methods
Of 6,470 type 2 diabetic patients, 105 were identified as eDia3 (1.6%). After a case-control match on age, we compared the clinical characteristics of 89 eDia3 patients with 89 patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes without a family history of diabetes (eDia0). WES was carried out in 89 patients with eDia3. We primarily focused on 14 known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes. Variants were predicted by ten tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2_HDIV, PolyPhen2_HVAR, LRT, Mutation Assessor, Mutation Taster, FATHMM, GERP++, PhyloP and PhastCons). All suspected variants were then validated by Sanger sequencing and further investigated in the proband families.
Results
Compared to age-matched eDia0, eDia3 patients had a younger age at diagnosis (26.5 ± 5.8 vs. 29.4 ± 5.3 years, P = 0.001), lower body mass index (25.5 ± 3.9 vs. 27.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2, P = 0.003), lower systolic blood pressure (120 ± 15 vs. 128 ± 18 mmHg, P = 0.003), and better metabolic profiles (including glucose and lipids). Of the 89 eDia3 patients, 10 (11.2%) carried likely pathogenic variants in genes (KLF11, GCK, ABCC8, PAX4, BLK and HNF1A) of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
Conclusions
eDia3 patients have unique clinical features. Known MODY genes were not common causes in these patients.
Human Elp3/Kat9 is a mitochondrial tRNA modifying enzyme
Authors: Boutoual Rachid , Jo Hyunsun , Heckenbach Indra , Tiwari Ritesh , Kasler Herbert , Lerner Chad A. , Shah Samah , Schilling Birgit , Calvanese Vincenzo , Rardin Matthew J. , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten , Verdin Eric
Published: April 2022

Post-translational modifications, such as lysine acetylation, regulate the activity of diverse proteins across many cellular compartments. Protein deacetylation in mitochondria is catalyzed by the enzymatic activity of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), however it remains unclear whether corresponding mitochondrial acetyltransferases exist. We used a bioinformatics approach to search for mitochondrial proteins with an acetyltransferase catalytic domain, and identified a novel splice variant of ELP3 (mt-ELP3) of the elongator complex, which localizes to the mitochondrial matrix in mammalian cells. Unexpectedly, mt-ELP3 does not mediate mitochondrial protein acetylation but instead induces a post-transcriptional modification of mitochondrial-transfer RNAs (mt-tRNAs). Overexpression of mt-ELP3 leads to the protection of mt-tRNAs against the tRNA-specific RNase angiogenin, increases mitochondrial translation, and furthermore increases expression of OXPHOS complexes. This study thus identifies mt-ELP3 as a non-canonical mt-tRNA modifying enzyme.
The endophyte Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EPS modulates endogenous antioxidant defense in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under cadmium stress
Authors: Hagaggi Noura Sh. A. , Abdul-Raouf Usama M.
Published: April 2022

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in agricultural soils induces oxidative stress in plants that in turn is the foremost limiting factor for agricultural productivity. In past few decades, metal binding ability of microbes is of great interest as an emerging environmentally friendly technology that can be exploited to alleviate metal stress in plants. Considering these, in the present study an endophytic bacterium strain EPS has been isolated from the roots of common bean. The 16S rRNA sequence revealed its identity closely similar to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The strain showed tolerance to Cd stress up to 200 mg L− 1 Cd2+. The inoculation of strain EPS in safflower seeds significantly enhanced the antioxidant defense of plants under Cd-stress conditions throught increasing the levels of antioxidant molecules like phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids as well as improving the activities of the antioxidative enzymes including guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The output of this study is that strain EPS inoculation mitigates Cd-induced oxidative damage and consequently strain EPS may be beneficial, especially in Cd-contaminated crop fields.
Network analysis of International Export Pattern
Authors: Demiral Dilek Gönçer , Yenilmez Meltem Ince
Published: April 2022

There is a relationship between the trade flows of the countries and their economic growth potential and development. One way to analyze the trade flows of countries with each other is the use of network analysis techniques. Network analysis uses a visual, mathematical and statistical approach to identify and quantify the structural properties of networks. In this study, the relationship of the first 50 countries in the world in terms of export volume was evaluated with Gephi 0.9.2, one of the social network analysis programs. The effect of the Covid-19 epidemic disease on the commercial flows of the countries is the main purpose of the study. The existence of the effective role of geographical proximity in commercial flows, the commercial partners of the countries, the centrality criteria and the existence of countries that have an active role in the world are clarified with this study.
Restricting Passive Attacks in 6G Vehicular Networks: A Physical Layer Security Perspective
Authors: Kavaiya Sagar , Patel Dhaval K
Published: April 2022

The utilization of current wireless technologies in intelligent transportation systems confirms the massive connectivity with sufficient data rate. With the increasing amenities, the possibilities of passive attacks are also increased which may compromise the user's transmission. To handle such scenarios, physical layer security can be employed to secure the transmission. This paper provides insights into the performance of outage probability (OP), and secrecy outage probability (SOP) for 6G enabled vehicular networks under the influence of passive eavesdroppers. As a component of 6G infrastructure, the work considers the vehicular to infrastructure scenario with re-configurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) instead of power-hungry roadside units. Each vehicle and passive eavesdropper are equipped with dual antennas. In that particular direction, at first, this work derives the analytical expressions of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under impact of mobility for 6G vehicular networks. By utilising the expressions of SNR, we derive the closed-form expressions of first order secrecy metrics for example, outage probability and secrecy outage probability. The expressions of SNR have been derived for two initial locations (near and far from the legitimate transmitter) of legitimate receiver. The derived expressions are helpful to design and simulate the secrecy systems for vehicular networks because of their robustness towards road parameters, and signal parameters. At last we conclude that it is advantageous to have the RIS element instead of regular access point to save the extra transmission power as no major fluctuations have been noticed in the performance of secrecy metrics under the influence of RIS.
Effectiveness of acid-electrolyzed functional water for oral care of the elderly: an in vitro study
Authors: Oikawa Daichi , Nishio Kensuke , Tamura Muneaki , Fukasawa Mai , Yoshida Takamasa , Okada Shinji , Takatsu Masaki , Tsunoda Mariko , Asano Masatake , Iinuma Toshimitsu
Published: April 2022

Background: Aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death in the elderly. Oral bacterial can contribute to the occurrence of this disease. It is therefore important to maintain oral cavity hygiene. However, tooth brushing is sometime difficult for elderly people. Acid-electrolyzed functional water (FW) is an efficient bactericide, and gargling with FW might therefore contribute to the effective prevention of aspiration pneumonia. We investigated the possible use of FW as a mouth rinse.Methods: The bactericidal effect of FW against each species of bacteria was evaluated using the numbers of colony-forming units. The test organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The experiment was conducted using PBS as a control, LISTERINE, and ConCool F. We used two concentrations of ConCool F: undiluted, and the optimal concentration indicated by the manufacturer. To investigate the bactericidal mechanism of FW, the activity of superoxide dismutase, an indicator of oxidative action, was measured in S. aureus. FW was diluted with purified water to concentrations of 10, 30, 50, and 70%. The number of colony-forming units were measured for each concentration. XTT assays were performed using HSC-3 and HeLa cells, to examine the viability of the cells following treatment with FW. The same experiment was conducted with PBS, Listerine, and undiluted ConCool F.Results: No bacteria treated with FW, Listerine, or undiluted ConCool F formed colonies. However, the number of colony-forming units in bacteria treated with diluted ConCool F was equivalent to that of control, except for C. albicans. Superoxide dismutase activity peaked at a 50% concentration of FW, and was more than twice that of the control. A significant decrease in the number of colony-forming units was observed following 50% treatment. Since the peaks of the superoxide dismutase activity and the starting concentrations of the bactericidal effects coincided, the bactericidal effect of FW's might be related to their oxidative effects. Bacteria treated with FW had as higher a survival rate than the other two mouth rinses. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FW might be clinically applicable as a mouth rinse.
Sequencing and Structural Characteristic Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome in Zhijin White Goose(Anser cygnoides)
Authors: Guo Zhi-Li , Zhang Yong , Yang Hong , Wang Tian-Song , Wang Wei-Wei , Zeng Shan-Shan , Guo Yong , Ye Li , Du Ao , Wang Zhi-Wei , Zeng Su-Mei , Yuan Jian , Wang Lei
Published: April 2022

Zhijin White Goose has the characteristics of fast growth, good fattening performance, fresh and high-quality meat, rough feeding resistance, and strong disease resistance. It is a precious white goose resource unique to Guizhou Province, China. However, the number of Zhijin White Geese is decreasing endangered state. The purpose of this study to establish a breed conservation standard of Zhijin White Goose by using mitochondrial genome(mtGenome), and preliminarily analyze the mtGenome. In this study, the mtGenome sequence (GenBank MZ427898) of Zhijin White Goose was obtained by the high-throughput sequencing method. The mtGenome differences between the Zhijin White Goose and other different geese breeds were analyzed, and determining the phylogenetic position of the Zhijin White Goose in Anseriformes. The structural characteristics of some sequences and the secondary structural characteristics of RNA were analyzed, which in order to provide some theoretical reference for the follow-up functional research. The results demonstrated that the length was 16 739 bp, and the base composition was A (30.22%), G (15.08%), C (32.23%), and T (22.47%). It contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 D-loop region. The AT content of the mtGenome and PCGs in Zhijin White Goose was 51.58% and 52.69%, respectively, which showed AT preference. The 22 tRNAs, except tRNA-Ser (AGY), form a typical clover structure. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the mtGenome revealed that the Zhijin White Goose is closely related to the Swan Goose and Chinese Goose and is distantly related to breeds outside China. In conclusion, the mtGenome can be used as a standard to distinguish Zhijin White Goose from other goose breeds, and it can be used as a breeds, candidate identification criterion for Zhijin White Goose.
Optimization of Mechanical Design Bladeless Wind Turbine for Electricity Fulfilment in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhany Muhammad Farhan , Kusuma Theo Aden , Chelsie Yessika Natalia , Adi Gandha Satria
Published: April 2022

The current government's goal is the realization of an even distribution of the electrification ratio in Indonesia. However, in 2018 the electrification ratio in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) only reached 62.07%. One of the solutions offered is the implementation of a Bladeless Wind Turbine (BWT). BWT is a type of wind power plant that can work optimally in areas with low wind speeds, 3 to 8 m/s, which is still above the NTT average wind speed, 2.3 m/s. This study aims to optimize the mechanical design of BWT with shape and size parameters based on the manipulation of the coefficient of friction through computational fluid dynamic simulations that can work optimally according to wind speed in NTT. In this study, 3 design variations were used, namely Initial Design, Modified Design 1, and Modified Design 2. Based on the research that has been done, MD2 has better results than MD1 and ID, and it can be said that MD2 can work optimally in wind speed areas. low. So MD2 is a mechanical design model that is very suitable to be applied in NTT and is expected to be a recommendation in making masts for BWT-based wind power plants in Indonesia.
Implication of Inflammation on Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor Expression on Cardiomyocytes and the Role of Platelets in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rimskaya Elena M. , Buryachkovskaya Liudmila I. , Chumachenko Petr V. , Narusov Oleg Yu. , Mironova Natalia A. , Tereschenko Sergei N. , Golitsyn Sergei P. , Othman Maha
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCoxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to examine the relationship of CAR expression on platelets and cardiomyocytes with virus persistence, local and systemic inflammation and platelet activity in patients with DCM. MethodsEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB) samples of 38 patients (mean age 39.5±11.3 years, 20 male) with DCM were analyzed for CAR expression, local inflammation grade by immunohistochemistry and virus persistence by real-time PCR. Platelet morphology was analyzed in all patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS) using scanning electron microscopy, platelet activity by light transmission aggregation, and CAR persistence by immunofluorescence. Platelets of 20 patients were analyzed for cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1-2 by immunofluorescence. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and Interleukin-6 were assessed using ELISA in all studied subjects.Results:CAR expression in EMB samples was related to the heart failure functional class and the level of IL-6. Platelets from DCM patients showed enhanced spontaneous and ADP induced aggregation. Platelets’ CAR expression was >4 fold higher in DCM than HS and was observed predominantly at sites of intercellular communications in microaggregates and leukocyte-platelet aggregates. CAR-positive patients showed significantly higher TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels in CAR-negative patients. Platelets of 6 (30%) DCM patients revealed the mature cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex viruses particles. ConclusionTight junction protein CAR may serve as a docking pin creating a new type of contact structure that could be responsible for signaling between neighboring cells in pathological conditions.
The effect of bacteria inoculation on the lignocellulose degradation and the microbial properties during cow dung composting
Authors: Zhou Liuyan , Yang Xinping , Xie Yuqing , Wang Xiaowu , Dai Jinping , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Huitao , Feng Lei
Published: April 2022

The goal of this work was to explore the potential effects of bacteria inoculation on the lignocellulose degradation and the underlying microbial mechanism during cow dung composting. The results suggested that bacteria inoculation better-accelerated temperature rose and increased thermophilic phase. Compared to the control (without inoculation, CK), the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation rates of treated group (EG) increased from 53.3% to 70.0%, 50.2% to 61.3% and 46.4% to 60.0%, respectively. The microbial community structure and diversity were obviously changed by inoculation. Moreover, inoculation contributed to modulate the key compost microbial functional populations linking to the degradation of lignocelluloses by stamp analysis. Correlation matrix analysis indicated that the expression of bacterial lingo-cellulolytic enzymes were closely related to the key microbial functional populations. Overall, the results confirmed the importance of bacteria inoculation and have important implication for promoting the efficiency and quality of cow dung compost.
Reversal of fetal heart block in antibody-positive mother after hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone
Authors: Hoda Mehar , Scott William , Sharma Kavita , Duryea Elaine , Ikemba Catherine
Published: April 2022

Maternal autoantibody related complete heart block in the fetus is considered irreversible. During prenatal care for a 25 year old nulliparous Hispanic woman with newly diagnosed nephrotic range proteinuria and positive anti-nuclear antigen antibody, complete fetal heart block with a ventricular rate of 60 beats per minute was detected on a fetal echocardiogram at 28 weeks gestation. A small pericardial effusion and ascites were noted consistent with fetal hydrops. Dexamethasone and hydroxychloroquine were initiated. Fetal rhythm improved to Mobitz type 1 second-degree heart block, with a ventricular rate of 91 beats per minute. The fetus was born prematurely at 34 weeks gestation with second-degree heart block which improved to first-degree heart block prior to hospital discharge. First-degree heart block persisted at 2 years of age with a P-R interval of 185 milliseconds. Transplacental treatment with dexamethasone and hydroxychloroquine were associated with sustained reversal of complete heart block to sinus rhythm.
The effect of “Fishery-PV Integration” on Penaeus monodon culture and Micro-ecological environment
Authors: Sun Chengbo , Liao Minze , Long Xinxin , He Zihao , Zhao Jichen , Chen Xieyan , Zhu Dongwenjun
Published: April 2022

Background: “Fishery-photovoltaic (PV) Integration” is a novel aquaculture model which aims to combine green energy with modern fisheries to improve socioeconomic benefits while ensuring aquaculture production and electricity consumption. To determine the practicability of the “Fishery-PV Integration” model, an experiment was conducted with Penaeus monodon as a model, in which the growth rates of shrimp, water quality conditions, and the micro-ecological environment were studied. Results: After 105 days of rearing, P. monodon (initial weight of 0.006 ± 0.001 g) reached an average body weight of 11.69 ± 0.92 g. The water quality was stable (C(NH4+) ≤ 1.57 mg/L), and the shrimps were healthy. It was determined via metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing that the dominant phyla present in shrimp intestines, water, and effluent were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota. In addition, a large number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond, which were helpful to maintain the stability of the water quality. The relative abundance of Vibrio as a common opportunistic pathogen for shrimp was relatively low, which is beneficial to promote the healthy growth of shrimp. In addition to maintaining water quality stability, microorganisms played an essential role in regulating intestinal amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. In the water and effluent, a high proportion of ABC transporters and quorum sensing play an important role in mitigating environmental toxins and regulating the physiological and metabolic activities of microbial communities. Notably, only 123 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified within the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond. This result is significantly lower than the numbers found in other studies, indicating that shrimp cultured in the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond had a higher level of food safety. Conclusions: This paper was the first reported the “Fishery-PV Integration” culture mode and preliminarily reveal the characteristics of the microflora and ARGs distribution in a “Fishery-PV Integration” pond. The results show that “Fishery-PV Integration” farming is a sustainable, green, and safe culture method.
Quantitative assessment of eye movements using a binocular paradigm: comparison among amblyopic, cured amblyopic and normal children
Authors: Zhou Yulian , Bian Hewei , Yu Xiaobin , Wen Wen , Zhao Chen
Published: April 2022

Background: To investigate the fixation and saccade functions in children with amblyopia and cured amblyopia by a binocular eye-tracking paradigm.Methods: Eye movements of 135 pediatric subjects, including 45 amblyopic children, 45 cured amblyopic children and 45 age-similar normal controls, were recorded under binocular viewing. The deviation (degree) between fixation positions and the visual targets along horizontal or vertical axis was recorded as the mean from both eyes. Deviations were compared across three groups and between each two groups.Results: Main outcome measures included deviations along horizontal and vertical axes in the circular fixation test (Fix-X, Fix-Y) and horizontal saccade test (Sac-X, Sac-Y). All four deviations were significantly larger in the amblyopia group compared to the other two groups, indicating fixation and saccade deficits. However, there was no significant difference in deviations between cured amblyopic children and normal controls. In the amblyopia group, four deviations were similar across subgroups of varying amblyopia severity. Larger deviations were related to younger age and poor visual acuity overall.Conclusion: Amblyopic children have poor fixation and saccade functions, while cured amblyopic children seem to restore the functions. This paradigm provides a promising technique to evaluate and follow up the functional recovery.
Evaluation of Choroidal thickness in patients with unilateral ambylopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with quadrant wise analysis
Authors: Goyal Ashima , Arora Priyanka , Mahapatra Madhushmita , verma Ritesh
Published: April 2022

Aims and objectives- To determine the choroidal thickness (mainly subfoveal) in the eyes of subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia and to compare the choroidal thickness with that of fellow eyes (control group).Material and Methods- In this prospective study, 140 eyes of 70 patients were included (age 5-40 years). Each patient underwent a detailed ocular examination which included visual acuity, intra ocular pressure, keratometry, refraction, axial length and choroidal thickness measurement. The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at subfoveal, o.5 mm, 1mm, 1.5mm in both nasal and temporal quadrants.Results- The mean sub-foveal CT was 341.73±60.39 µm in amblyopic eyes and 314.77±48.12 µm in control eyes. The CT was significantly thicker in anisometropic amblyopic eyes than fellow eyes (p=0.00), whereas in strabismic amblyopic eyes it was not significantly thicker (p=0.064). Conclusion- Significant choroidal thickening was observed in subjects with amblyopia, which may contribute to the amblyopia pathogenesis. These changes were more pronounced in patients with anisometropic amblyopia than strabismic amblyopia.
MAC mediates mammary duct epithelial cell injury in Plasma cell mastitis and Granulomatous mastitis
Authors: Li：master Xiaoqiang , Zhang Haojie , Ding Peng-peng , Zhang Xiang-sheng , Wang Xi-chao , Sun Di-wen , Bu Qing-ao
Published: April 2022

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) and granulomatous mastitis (GM) are common inflammatory nonbacterial mastitis (NBM). However, the pathogenesis of NBM is still unclear.Methods. In this study, we statistically analyzed the pathological features of PCM and GM using pathological HE staining and tissue transmission electron microscopy. The levels of MAC (C5b-9n), P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 were detected through IHC, WB, ELISA, and qPCR. The expression level and location of MAC were observed by tissue immunological electron microscopy. In addition, exosomes were isolated from tissues, identified using transmission electron microscopy, and the densities were detected by Nano-FCM. Finally, the expression intensity of MAC in exosomes was detected by flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy.Results. The damage and apoptosis of mammary duct epithelial cells are the common pathological features of PCM and GM. MAC is primarily located in the cell membrane of mammary ductal epithelial cells and is significantly expressed in PCM and GM. The density of exosomes in PCM and GM tissues was elevated, and MAC was highly expressed in exosomes. In addition, the expression of P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 in PCM and GM was significantly higher than in the normal group.Conclusion. We found severe damage of the mammary duct epithelial cells in PCM and GM tissues, which was verified by relevant pathological methods. Earlier studies demonstrated that MAC is highly expressed in PCM and GM tissues and exosomes seem to play a very important role in the understanding of MAC. Furthermore, MAC is involved in inflammatory infiltration and lesion of mammary duct epithelial cells upregulated by P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1. These findings provide new insights into PCM and GM molecular mechanisms with novel therapeutic advances.
Metagenomic insight into shifts of methane-cycling communities following pasture conversion in the Amazon basin
Authors: Alvarez Dasiel Obregon , de Souza Leandro Fonseca , Mendes Lucas William , de Moraes Moacir Tuzzin , Tosi Micaela , Venturini Andressa Monteiro , Meyer Kyle M. , de Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Bohannan Brendan J.M. , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza , Dunfield Kari E. , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: April 2022

Background: Deforestation threatens the integrity of the Amazon biome and the ecosystem services it provides. Most of this deforested land is converted to pastures for cattle raising. Early studies revealed that forest-to-pasture conversion alters the flux of methane gas (CH4) in Amazonian soils, driving a switch from acting as a sink to a source of atmospheric CH4. We sought to better understand this phenomenon by investigating the soil microbial metagenomes, focusing on the taxonomic and functional structure of methane-cycling communities.
Results: Metagenomic data were combined with in situ measurements of CH4 fluxes, and measurements of soil edaphic factors. We found a significantly higher abundance of methanogens and reduced methanotrophs in pasture soils. As inferred by co-occurrence networks, these microorganisms seem to be less interconnected within the soil microbiota in pasture soils. Metabolic traits were also different between land uses, with increased hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways of methanogenesis in pasture soils. Similarly, methanotrophs harboring the soluble form of methane monooxygenase enzyme (sMMO) were depleted in pasture soils. Redundancy analysis and multimodel inference revealed that the shift in methane-cycling communities in pasture soils was associated with higher soil compaction, pH, organic matter, and micronutrients.
Conclusions: These results provide new knowledge about the effect of forest-to-pasture conversion on the community traits of methane-cycling microorganisms in the Amazon region, resulting in increased abundance and functional potential of methanogens in pastures, and thus increasing the emission of CH4 in deforested soils.
Keywords: land-use change, methanogens, methanotrophs, soil properties, multimodel inference
Treated domestic effluents for non-potable reuse: microbial risk assessment and economic viability
Authors: Santos Luciene da Silva , Souza Hugo Henrique de Simone , Amoah Isaac Dennis , Magri Maria Elisa , Ide Carlos Nobuyoshi , Paulo Paula Loureiro
Published: April 2022

Although water quality can be ensured for various pollutant removal processes, concerns regarding microbial pathogens can set very high-quality standards for treated wastewater rendering the practice financially unfeasible. In this study, we applied quantitative microbial risk assessment and net present value methodologies to evaluate the economic viability and safety of wastewater treatment to produce water for reuse. Under the evaluated conditions, even though applying tertiary treatments (such as chlorination, ozonation, or UV radiation) for non-potable reuse purposes presents higher investment costs, it could offer a faster return on investment as a result of the greater income derived from the sale of the treated wastewater, and consequently, reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens. An economic viability analysis revealed payback periods of three to over 15 years for investment in the universalisation of sanitation services in the selected municipalities, wherein the most feasible scenarios were those in which water reuse was carried out at its maximum potential. We evaluated the reuse potential of treated wastewater in terms of reduced concentrations of Escherichia coli and observed that effluents treated by six wastewater treatment plant configurations (involving secondary treatment processes) could be used for restricted crop irrigation, with disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 9.20E03 ± 4.59E05 related to the risk of infection to the farmers. The application of additional disinfection procedures indicated that treated wastewater could be reused for unrestricted and restricted urban and agricultural uses, with corresponding DALYs of 1.35E05 ± 6.73E08 for the same group.
The robust-reliable decision for selecting benchmark automotive platforms based on the combination of humane judgment simulation and KDD techniques
Authors: Saghari Asad , Hosseinimehr Masoud , Rahmani Shima , Budinská Ivana
Published: April 2022

In this study, we address robust-reliable decision-making approach to select benchmark platforms to develop the automotive family. Activities studied included selecting the appropriate decision-making method, simulating possible scenarios to determine the relative importance of attributes by experts and stakeholders, determining the decision space and valuing attributes based on databases and Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) techniques, statistical analysis and sensitivity assessment. The robust-reliable decision is made using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method for 6223 unique cases of expert judgments and stakeholder expectations. The database used to determine decision space and attributes values included 546 automobiles designed in 11 different segments based on 34 platforms. This has led to the reliable selection of five benchmark platforms with the highest level of desirability in terms of defined attributes and the greatest robustness to uncertainties in the expert judgments and the level of expectations of stakeholders.
High-throughput sequencing analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs associated with SREBP1 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jiating , Liu Jianqiu , Zhang Ke , Lv Jing , Peng Xiaowei , Liu Jie , Yin Jiye , Li Zhi
Published: April 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with genes posttranscriptionally and play important roles in progression and prognosis in multiple cancers. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is an important lipid metabolism regulatory gene. The aim of the present study was to analyze the profiles of miRNAs that associated with SREBP1 expression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). In the present study, a high-throughput small RNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) method was used to investigate differences in miRNA profiling with versus without interference in the expression of SREBP1 via small interfering RNA. Real-time qPCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the results. A total of 1393 conserved and 84 novel miRNAs were successfully discovered. Among them, 27 (11 upregulated and 16 downregulated) differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly altered in BCPAP cells following SREBF1 interference of two fragments compared with the control in two batch. Hsa-miR-941, hsa-miR-27a-5p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-100-5p, and hsa-miR-21-3p were selected for validation by qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the sequencing data. GO enrichment showed that the predicted targets of these miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of system development, metabolism and protein binding cellular processes, and metabolic processes. KEGG pathways analysis showed that predicted target genes were involved in several signaling pathways, including the Ras, MAPK, insulin, thyroid hormone and metabolic pathway signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes may play an important role in the progression and prognosis of DTC that related with SREBP1 expression.
Enhancing Quality of DASH Video with LSTM Throughput Prediction
Authors: Biernacki Arkadiusz
Published: April 2022

The quality of streaming video depends on accurate estimation of network throughput, which is challenging in mobile networks due to a highly volatile environment. We used data traces obtained from measurements in 4G and 5G mobile networks, supplied them to an LSTM network and received a prediction of throughput for the next four seconds. Next, we took three dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) algorithms and replaced their default throughput estimation based on moving averages with the LSTM prediction. As the experiment shows, the traffic prediction improved the effectiveness of network capacity utilisation and stability of video playback between 5% and 25% compared to the default estimation. Our approach relies only on past throughput measurements, does not require any modifications to network infrastructure or protocols and is implementable in any DASH player.
Risk factors, prognostic predictors, and nomograms for liver metastasis in patients with pancreatic cancer: a population-based study.
Authors: Cao Biyang , Kang Yixin , Wu Chenchen , Zhang Letian , Jing Wang
Published: April 2022

Background
Liver metastasis (LM) is a significant risk predictor for poor outcomes among pancreatic cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the risk and prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases (PCLM) and establish diagnostic and prognostic nomograms for these entities.
Methods
Between 2010 and 2015, data on individuals with primary diagnosed PC were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. To identify independent risk factors for PCLM, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Prognostic factors were identified using LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, two nomograms for predicting the risk and prognosis of PCLM were developed. The performance of the nomogram models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and risk subgroup classification. To compare survival results between groupings, Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed.
Results
A total of 33459 PC patients were included in the study, with 11458 patients (34.2%) having LM at the time of diagnosis. Younger than 70 years of age, primary site in the body or tail, lymph node metastasis, neuroendocrine carcinoma, larger tumor size, and higher grade are identified as independent risk factors for LM in patients with PC. The independent factors associated with poor prognosis for PCLM patients include older than 70 years, adenocarcinoma, poor or anaplastic differentiation, lung metastases, and not receiving surgery or chemotherapy. Based on their observed analysis results of ROC, calibration, DCA, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves, two nomograms can accurately predict the occurrence and prognosis of PCLM patients.
Conclusion
We developed two nomograms for predicting the risk of LM among PC patients as well as the personalized prognosis for PCLM patients that may aid clinical decision-making.
Triangle of Pascal - Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Gianella Renato
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an innovative study on the sample spaces of the Cn,p experiments of Pascal’s Triangle. Currently, the only existing knowledge about these sample spaces is the formula Cn,p = n!/(n-p)!p!, which provides only the number of possible combinations obtained in these experiments. Here we present evidence of the possibility of the organization of sample spaces in these experiments. These sample spaces are organized based on their behavioral patterns, and this organization represents a mathematical model that allows us to analyze how numbers move. First, based on the theoretical development of combinatorics and probability theory, we cover simple combinations, combinations with repetition, and the Pascal’s Triangle to demonstrate how to organize the sample spaces of lotteries geometrically and according to their behavioral patterns. Then, we conduct a case study involving 6–48, which is a lottery game with 48 possible numbers among which the player chooses six; in the context of this study this lottery is a Pascal’s Triangle experiment. Based on a simple, intuitive system of color distribution, we show that expected theoretical results are in fact materialized through a historical analysis of Super Sena, a Brazilian 6–48 lottery-type discontinued in October 2001 after having produced 963 draws. Thus, the model formulates the movements of numbers randomly generated, which constitutes the platform to assess quantum information.
Association of energy adjusts Nutrient-rich foods (ENRF) on mental health among obese and overweight women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salehi Zahra , Shiraseb Farideh , Rasaei Niloufar , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Mental health and obesity have a bilateral relationship with each other. No study has been done on the relation between mental health and the ENRF9.3 index so far. Therefore, for the first time, we examined the relationship between the ENRF9.3 index and mental health in women with overweight and obesity.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 124 overweight and obese women were selected. Food intakes in the last 1 year were collected with 147 items of semi-quantitative food frequency. Then, the ENRF9.3 index score was calculated for all individuals. Mental health was assessed with a 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire.Results: In the present study, before adjusting for potential confounders the total DASS score was marginal significance (P=0.05), that after the adjustment, it became insignificant (P> 0.05), after adjusting for confounders stress also became significant (P=0.04). But no significant relationship was observed between depression and anxiety, even after adjustment (P> 0.05).Conclusion: The present study showed that a nutritious diet is not associated with overall mental health score, among subgroups of the DASS total score, the relationship was seen only for the stress subgroup.Level of evidence I: Evidence obtained from experimental studies
The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail.
Authors: Braginsky Alexander
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an explanation is given of the lift force of an airplane during horizontal flight. It is shown that during a flight, five vertical forces act on the airplane: gravity; pressure gradient with a minus sign; Archimedes force; potential force and the vortex force obtained from the action minimum. The first three forces were known before. The potential force was also known from the Bernoulli equation, but its effect on the airfoil from the air had not previously been taken into account. The vortex force obtained from the minimum action in the application to a continuous medium was not taken into account in aerodynamics. In horizontal flight the vortex force is directed upwards, it compensates for the gravity of the airplane at high speed commensurate with the speed of sound. The paper provides an explanation of the vortex trail behind the airplane, mentioned in the Millennium problem Navier-Stokes equation.