bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a relationship between clipping weight and volume on golf course fairways?
Authors: Pritchard Benjamin D. , Kahiu Maureen M. , Vargas José J. , Breeden Gregory K. , Dant Lukas A. , Brosnan James T.
Published: July 2024

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are regularly used on golf courses to reduce mowing requirements. PGR efficacy is commonly assessed via measurements of clipping weight; however, this process is time consuming and requires specialized equipment. Golf course superintendents have started to evaluate PGR efficacy via measurements of clipping volume. Field research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, during June 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the relationship between clipping weight and volume following trinexapac‐ethyl applications to hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy, cv. ‘Latitude 36’) and manilagrass (Zoysia matrella, cv. ‘Trinity’ and ‘Zorro’) golf course fairways. Four experimental formulations of trinexapac‐ethyl [97 g ha−1 (11.4 fl oz/A)] were applied to plots 16 ft2 (1.5 m2) organized in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Clippings were collected twice weekly with volume assessed via a graduated cylinder; weight was quantified after drying clippings in a forced‐air oven for 48 hours. For hybrid bermudagrass, clipping weight and volume measurements returned similar conclusions regarding trinexapac‐ethyl efficacy for growth regulation. On dates where both metrics resulted in treatment differences, a linear relationship was present between clipping weight and volume data (R2 = 0.84). Similar responses were observed on manilagrass; however, clipping weight and volume were less closely associated (R2 = 0.78). This difference could be related to growth rate, as well as clipping size and mass differences between species. Overall, results indicate that either metric could be used to study efficacy of trinexapac‐ethyl for regulating growth of these species maintained as golf course fairways.
Assessing the impact of organic resources and phosphorus on nutrient uptake, soil traits and seed potato productivity
Authors: Singh Amanpreet , Aulakh C. S. , Sidhu A. S. , Chawla Neena
Published: July 2024

Improving tuber yield size to boost seed potato (Solanum tuberosum) production efficiency is a paramount goal, particularly in Punjab, India, a major contributor to the nation's seed supply. To optimize nutrient absorption, soil quality, and yield of seed‐sized tubers, research was conducted in Ludhiana and Jalandhar over two years. Employing a split‐plot design, three organic treatments (farmyard manure [FYM], biofertilizer, control) were tested in main plots, while five phosphorus fertilizer levels (46.9, 62.5, 93.8, 125, 0 kg ha−1 P2O5) were examined in subplots. Results revealed that FYM notably enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake in both haulm and tubers compared to other organics. Moreover, higher phosphorus levels, particularly 125 kg ha−1 P2O5, maximized nutrient uptake. Soil attributes like available nitrogen remained unaffected, whereas phosphorus availability increased with FYM and higher phosphorus levels. Available potassium remained consistent across treatments. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon were unchanged with 125 kg ha−1 P2O5 treatments. FYM and biofertilizer significantly increased total tuber yields, with FYM showing a remarkable 30% boost compared to the control, and 125 kg ha−1 P2O5 phosphorus levels resulting in a notable 24% increase, indicating enhanced seed potato production strategies. Principal component analysis underscored the positive correlation between tuber yield and soil attributes, particularly favoring FYM and 125 kg ha−1 P2O5 treatments. Overall, FYM application and optimal phosphorus fertilizer levels are pivotal for augmenting nutrient uptake, soil health, and yield in seed potato cultivation.
A modified simplified SAFT EOS for VLE study of associating fluids
Authors: Hadipanah Mohammad Hossein , Mazloumi Seyed Hossein
Published: July 2024

In this study, the simplified version of statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) equation of state (EOS) developed by Fu and Sandler is modified by replacing the dispersion term of this EOS with the Haghtalab–Mazloumi equation. This new SAFT‐based EOS has three adjustable parameters for non‐associating compounds and five adjustable parameters for associating compounds. The adjustable parameters of the new EOS are obtained by simultaneously fitting vapour pressures and liquid densities of pure substances. The new EOS shows better results in correlating vapour pressure and saturated liquid densities than SSAFT EOS for a selection of non‐associating and associating substances. Then, by using proper mixing rules, the new EOS is extended for mixtures. Both self‐associating and cross associating binary mixtures are used to test the capability of the new EOS in vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations, and the results demonstrate good accuracy of the new EOS.
Recent Advances in Pretargeted Strategy for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Tian Yuyang , Huang Zheng , Luo Jiewei , Ye Deju
Published: July 2024

In nuclear medicine, theranostic probes that combine nuclear imaging capabilities with therapeutic functions have shown promise for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Nevertheless, the development of theranostic probes may be constrained by two principal factors: (1) the discrepancy between the slow accumulation time of the probes in the tumours and the short‐lived radionuclides, and (2) the suboptimal imaging/treatment effect and high radioactive toxicity caused by long‐lived radionuclides. In recent years, pretargeted strategy has been proposed as a potential solution to solve these problems. In the pretargeted strategy, two components consisting of a tumour‐targeting vector (e. g., antibody) and a radionuclide are injected separately, which can then couple in the tumour tissues to trap radionuclides for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This two‐step process allows for the independent optimization of the pharmacokinetics of them in vivo, benefiting to improve nuclear imaging and/or therapy of tumours in vivo. In this concept, we will discuss the principle of the pretargeted strategy, with a focus on the discussion of different tumour‐targeting vectors, including antibody‐mediated delivery, nanoparticle‐mediated delivery, metabolic glycan labeling‐mediated accumulation, and enzyme‐triggered in situ self‐assembly‐mediated retention. Finally, we will discuss the current challenges and perspectives on their applications for cancer theranostics in clinics.
Health insurance literacy among patients receiving outpatient cancer treatment
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Zhang Nan , Hilal Talal , Griffin Joan M. , Yabroff K. Robin , Khera Nandita
Published: July 2024

Background

This study examines patients’ understanding of health insurance terms and concepts and quantifies health insurance literacy (HIL) levels by key sociodemographic factors.

Methods

This study included 393 adult patients with cancer (>18 years old) receiving treatment in two ambulatory infusion centers: Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona and the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. Respondents’ perceptions of their HIL were assessed using the Health Insurance Literacy Measure (HILM), a validated 21‐item measure of a consumer's ability to select and use health insurance (HIL self‐efficacy). Respondents’ knowledge of health insurance concepts (HIL knowledge) was measured using 10 items created by the Kaiser Family Foundation. The number of correct answers was categorized into three levels: 0–4 (low knowledge), 5–6 (moderate knowledge), and 7–10 (high knowledge). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare correct answers to HIL knowledge questions by HIL self‐efficacy.

Results

Nearly three‐quarters of patients had high HIL self‐efficacy and high HIL knowledge (70.5%), understanding basic insurance terms, such as premiums and deductibles. Relatively low percentages of patients correctly answered questions about the meaning of provider networks, health insurance formularies, and calculating out‐of‐pocket spending in scenarios when insurers pay a portion of allowed charges. Lower HIL knowledge was more common among patients with less educational attainment (<college: 15.2%; ≥college: 4.7%), lower household income (<$4999: 11.8%; ≥$5000: 6.1%), and low HIL self‐efficacy scores (low: 24.8%; high: 5.2) (all p values <.05).

Conclusions

Efforts to improve HIL and navigation of health insurance plan features are required, especially for socioeconomically vulnerable patients.
Green Chemistry, Catalysis, and Waste Valorization for a Circular Economy
Authors: Wattanakit Chularat , Fan Xiaolei , Mukti Rino R. , Yip Alex C. K.
Published: July 2024

The circular economy represents an economic model that prioritizes sustainability and resource efficiency, aiming to minimize waste minimization, promote reuse, and close material loops. This Special Collection highlights recent advancements in green chemistry, catalysis, and waste valorization, fields critical for achieving sustainable practices and resource efficiency within a circular economy. Researchers from the Asia‐Pacific region, Europe, South America, and North America have contributed to designing sustainable chemical processes that minimize environmental impact. These efforts involve developing efficient reactions to reduce waste generation and resource depletion. Additionally, this Special Collection showcases examples of effective catalysts with the potential to enhance resource conservation and circularity and convert waste and biomass materials into valuable products.
Winter wheat response to plant density in yield contest fields
Authors: Lollato Romulo P. , Pradella Luiz O. , Giordano Nicolas , Ryan Luke P. , Soler Jorge R. , Simão Luana M. , Jaenisch Brent R. , Horton Rick
Published: July 2024

Seeding rate recommendations for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are often 150–450 seeds m−2. However, we hypothesize that wheat grown with high resource availability (i.e., fertility and moisture) can maximize yield under considerably lower rates. Our objectives were to explore winter wheat response to low populations under high resource availability using yield‐contest fields as a case study. A factorial experiment evaluated four wheat varieties (i.e., Joe, WB‐Grainfield, Langin, and LCS Revere) exposed to five seeding rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 seeds m−2) during five seasons in commercial wheat fields managed by yield‐contest winning producers near Leoti, KS. Fields were silt‐loam soils with high available water‐holding capacity, long‐term history of manure application with non‐limiting fertility, and adopted a sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow–wheat rotation. Plant density ranged from 26 to 341 plants m−2 and yield ranged from 3.2 to 6.8 Mg ha−1. Water use efficiency of 19.5 kg ha−1 mm−1 suggested no management limitations to yield. Quadratic models portrayed the grain yield–plant density relation well, with 95% of the maximum yield reached at 68 to 91 plants m−2 for crops sown at the optimum date (4 out of 5 years), and at 312 plants m−2 for a late‐sown crop. Greater fall temperature accumulation reduced the relative yield between the maximum and minimum seeding rates. There was no variety × plant density interaction and Langin was the most consistent yielding variety across environments. Optimum plant density for winter wheat in environments with high resource availability may be considerably lower than current recommendations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenes and Vinyl Sulfones Via Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols and Sulfones
Authors: Tian Haitao , Lu Yanze , Tang Conghui
Published: July 2024

A novel protocol to access vinyl sulfones and internal/terminal olefins via cobalt‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling (ADC) has been established. This system enables the divergent synthesis of three kinds of olefin compounds through the coupling of alcohols and sulfones under oxidant‐free conditions. The broad applicability of this procedure is demonstrated by over forty olefin products, including pharmaceutical‐related compounds and complex substrates, in a one‐pot process. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted, and a proposed reaction pathway was presented.
Neurocognitive profiles are associated with subsequent brain integrity in a sample of Hispanics/Latinos: Findings from the SOL‐INCA‐MRI study (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Sapkota Shraddha , Maillard Pauline , Stickel Ariana M. , Tarraf Wassim , Gonzalez Kevin A. , Ivanovic Vladimir , Morlett‐Paredes Alejandra , Cai Jianwen , Isasi Carmen R. , Lipton Richard B. , Daviglus Martha , Testai Fernando Daniel , Lamar Melissa , Gallo Linda C. , Talavera Gregory A. , Agudelo Christian , Ramos Alberto R. , González Hector M. , DeCarli Charles
Published: July 2024

The Hispanic/Latino population is one of the largest and most diverse ethnoracial groups in the United States at high risk for dementia. We examined cognitive constructs and associations with subsequent hippocampal volume (HV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). Participants were from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos–Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (n = 2029). We examined confirmatory factor analysis and longitudinal invariance using neurocognitive scores at Visits 1 (2008–2011) and 2 (2014–2018) and path analyses. We obtained a longitudinally invariant two‐factor episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM) construct. Lower EM profile at both visits was associated with greater WMHV and smaller HV at Visit 2. Lower WM profile at both visits was associated with larger WMHV and smaller HV at Visit 2. Neurocognitive profiles were associated with subsequent neurodegeneration in a sample of Hispanics/Latinos. Identifying neurocognitive risk profiles may lead to early detection and intervention, and significantly impact the course of neurodegeneration.

Highlights

Cognitive profiles predict brain integrity up to 10 years later.

We observed two‐factor latent memory constructs and longitudinal invariance.

These findings were observed in a Hispanic/Latino cohort.
Sodium‐enriched nectar shapes plant–pollinator interactions in a subalpine meadow
Authors: VanValkenburg Ethan , Gonçalves Souza Thiago , Sanders Nathan J. , CaraDonna Paul
Published: July 2024

Many plants have evolved nutrient rewards to attract pollinators to flowers, but most research has focused on the sugar content of floral nectar resources. Concentrations of sodium in floral nectar (a micronutrient in low concentrations in nectar) can vary substantially both among and within co‐occurring species. It is hypothesized that sodium concentrations in floral nectar might play an important and underappreciated role in plant–pollinator interactions, especially because many animals, including pollinators, are sodium limited in nature. Yet, the consequences of variation in sodium concentrations in floral nectar remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate whether enriching floral nectar with sodium influences the composition, diversity, and frequency of plant–pollinator interactions. We experimentally enriched sodium concentrations in four plant species in a subalpine meadow in Colorado, USA. We found that flowers with sodium‐enriched nectar received more visits from a greater diversity of pollinators throughout the season. Different pollinator species foraged more frequently on flowers enriched with sodium and showed evidence of other changes to foraging behavior, including greater dietary evenness. These findings are consistent with the “salty nectar hypothesis,” providing evidence for the importance of sodium limitation in pollinators and suggesting that even small nectar constituents can shape plant–pollinator interactions.
Triglyceride glucose index is a risk factor for heart failure: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jia Yuan , Zhang Yue , Bai Shiru , Liu Jia , Chen Tianlei , Liu Xuda , Xu Chao , Zhang Ruining , Du Rongpin
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and all‐cause mortality in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

A total of 1274 patients with HF diagnosed at Hebei General Hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups by quartiles based on the TyG index. The endpoint was all‐cause mortality during the follow‐up period. The median follow‐up period was 1079 days, with a total of 543 (42.7%) patients experiencing all‐cause mortality. The survival curves showed no significant difference in endpoint events among the four groups (log‐rank P = 0.329). The adjusted survival curves revealed that after adjusting for the variables in Model 3, the group with a higher TyG index exhibited a higher risk of death (log‐rank P < 0.001). The multivariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard models revealed a positive correlation between the TyG index and all‐cause mortality. After complete adjustment, patients with the highest TyG index exhibited a higher risk of all‐cause mortality than those in the lowest quartile [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–2.09; P = 0.001]. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the risk of all‐cause mortality increased linearly with the TyG index (P for non‐linear = 0.207). Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed that, as a continuous variable, the TyG index was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in female patients (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08–1.58, P = 0.029) and older patients (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.1–1.43, P = 0.027).

Conclusions

The TyG index was positively associated with increased all‐cause mortality in hospitalized patients with HF. Subgroup analyses indicated that the TyG index was strongly associated with all‐cause mortality in older and female patients.
Prognostic impact of beta‐blocker use by N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Kim Shin‐Jae , Ann Soe Hee , Park Gyung‐Min , Kim Yong‐Giun , Park Sangwoo , Lee Sang‐Gon
Published: July 2024

Aims

Both patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) present with elevated N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and have multiple comorbidities; consequently, the prognostic effect of NT‐proBNP according to beta‐blocker (BB) use is unknown.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated patients admitted for acute HF between January 2012 and December 2017 at Ulsan University Hospital. Clinical, echocardiographic, laboratory and drug prescription data, including BB data, were collected from the hospital database. Information on mortality was collected by reviewing medical records or using national death data.

Results

Of the 472 patients evaluated, 216 (45.8%) and 256 (54.2%) patients were and were not prescribed BB at discharge, respectively. A total of 224 (47.5%) patients died within a median follow‐up duration of 44 months. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed reduced all‐cause mortality with BB in HFrEF (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) but not in HFpEF (ejection fraction > 40%). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, transmitral to tissue Doppler imaging, early diastolic velocity ratio (E/E′), NT‐proBNP and BB use were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in HFrEF. Meanwhile, haemoglobin and NT‐proBNP levels were independent predictors of HFpEF. The NT‐proBNP cut‐off value for determining all‐cause mortality was set to 4800 pg/mL. Among HFrEF patients with NT‐proBNP < 4800 pg/mL, the survival rate was higher for patients with BB use than those with no BB use (log‐rank P < 0.001). However, in the HFpEF group, the survival rate associated with BB use did not differ according to the NT‐proBNP levels. Both HFrEF and HFpEF patients with NT‐proBNP levels of ≥4800 pg/mL presented with multiple comorbidities, including lower body mass index and haemoglobin levels and higher creatinine levels, NT‐proBNP levels and E/E′.

Conclusion

In patients with acute HF, BB use is associated with reduced all‐cause mortality in those with HFrEF but not in those with HFpEF. HFrEF patients with NT‐proBNP levels of <4800 pg/mL treated with BB have a higher survival rate than those not treated with BB. However, this benefit is not seen in HFrEF patients with NT‐proBNP levels of ≥4800 pg/mL or in all HFpEF patients, regardless of the NT‐proBNP level. NT‐proBNP levels are elevated in multiple comorbid conditions, and these comorbidities may contribute to the attenuated effects of BB on all‐cause mortality.
Pd/Cu Dual Catalysis for the Oxidative Dearomatization of PyrroleDerivatives: Mechanistic Insights and Biological Studies
Authors: Sau Madan , Dubey Sapana , Roy Shreya , Sahoo Jigyansa , Sahoo Gokarneswar , Sepay Nayim , Chakraborty Sudipta , Samanta Shubhankar , Das Tapas
Published: July 2024

Herein we report dearomatization of pyrrole ring followed by rearomatization of cyclohexyl ring to obtain isoindolinone scaffold by a Pd/Cu dual catalysis approach in an atom economic way with moderate to high yield. The expected Pd/Cu catalyzed dual C(sp2)‐H activation via normal catalytic cycle can be override by unusual oxidative dearomatization reaction which has been established by DFT calculation. The biological importance of isoindolinone scaffold insists us to successfully investigate in vitro antileishmanial activity of L.Donovani.
A multi‐institutional feasibility lead‐in trial of lymphatic mapping with SPECT–CT for evaluating contralateral disease in lateralized oropharynx cancer using 99m‐technetium sulfur colloid
Authors: Sarkis Leba Michael , Yao Christopher MKL , Hendler Aaron , Mohan Ravi , Au Michael , Zhang Han , Eskander Antoine , Higgins Kevin , MacNeil Danielle , Tzelnick Sharon , Goldstein David , Hosni Ali , de Almeida John R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Lymphatic mapping with SPECT–CT has been demonstrated to accurately define lymphatic drainage patterns in oropharyngeal cancer but there has yet to be a study demonstrating its feasibility across multiple institutions.

Methods

Twelve adult patients with lateralized oropharyngeal carcinoma (T1‐T3) who were planned for definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy without contralateral nodal disease underwent injection of 99‐m technetium sulfur colloid followed by static planar lymphoscintigraphy to verify tracer migration, and SPECT–CT acquired at 30 ± 15 min (optional) and 3 h (±1 h) (mandatory time‐point).

Results

All 12 patients completed the study with 7/12 patients having the injections performed under local anesthetic and 5 patients requiring general anesthetic. There were no tracer migration failures and there were no serious adverse events or complications encountered. Four out of 12 patients (33%) showed contralateral drainage patterns.

Conclusions

Lymphatic mapping with SPECT–CT of lateralized oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma can be performed safely across multiple institutions.
Planning healthy food environments: An analysis of local government municipal public health and wellbeing policy in regional Victoria
Authors: Dangerfield Fiona , Ball Kylie , Dickson‐Swift Virginia , Thornton Lukar E.
Published: July 2024

Issue Addressed

While there has been an increased focus on how local governments can support the creation of healthy food environments through healthy public policy, little is known about how this is reflected in public health policy in regional areas. The aim of this study was to understand how improvements to the food environment are prioritised, implemented and evaluated by local governments in regional Victoria.

Methods

Using a qualitative descriptive approach, content analysis was undertaken of Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plans and Council Plans from 10 regional local governments in Victoria, Australia.

Results

Seventeen policy documents were analysed including 10 Council Plans, 6 Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plans and 1 Food Systems Strategy. Findings highlight regional public health and wellbeing plans have very few concrete actions in place to improve food environments.

Conclusion

There is an opportunity for Australian regional local governments to include in their public health and wellbeing plans a greater emphasis on supporting healthy food behaviours, and therefore seeking opportunities to improve food environments through clearly aligned priorities, objectives, actions and measures of success.

So What?

Improving the quality of public health and wellbeing plans can support local government to use policy to drive improvements in food environments leading to improved health and wellbeing for regional communities.
Epidemiological trends and survival of oropharyngeal cancer in a high HPV‐prevalent area: A Danish population‐based study from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Lauritzen Benedicte Bitsch , Grønlund Mathias Waldemar , Jakobsen Kathrine Kronberg , Justesen Marius Meldgaard , Garset‐Zamani Martin , Carlander Amanda‐Louise Fenger , Rasmussen Jacob Høygaard , Bendtsen Simone Kloch , Kiss Katalin , Andersen Gitte , Rosenørn Marie Røsland , Friborg Jeppe , Bentzen Jens Knud Daugaard , Grønhøj Christian , von Buchwald Christian
Published: July 2024

Denmark, alongside other Scandinavian countries, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, has high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV). Our oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) database includes all diagnosed cases in Eastern Denmark during a period of more than two decades. We investigated the incidence, survival, and recurrence of patients with OPSCC with combined p16‐ and HPV testing covering a consecutive 21‐year period. Age‐adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) per 100,000, survival models, and Cox proportional‐hazards model were employed. Two thousand eight hundred thirty‐four patients were included (57.5% HPV positive (HPV+)/p16 positive (p16+), 33.7% HPV negative (HPV‐)/p16 negative (p16−), 4% HPV+/p16−, and 4.8% HPV−/p16+). The AAIR for all patients increased from 1.8 to 5.1 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2020 linked to an increasing AAIR of HPV+/p16+ OPSCCs from 0.9 to 3.5 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2020. The AAIR for the HPV−/p16− OPSCCs decreased from 1.6 to 1.4 from 2017 to 2020. HPV+/p16+ OPSCCs had a higher 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 79.2% compared to the other subgroups (HPV+/p16− OS: 50.4%; HPV−/p16+ OS: 49.4%; HPV−/p16− OS: 35.1%). The AAIR of the total OPSCC group increased from year 2000 to 2020, driven by a rise in the HPV+/p16+ group. A decreasing incidence rate was observed for the HPV−/p16− OPSCCs from 2017 to 2020. The OS for HPV+/p16+ OPSCCs was significantly higher compared to all other HPV/p16 subgroups. Therefore, we recommend testing for combined HPV and p16 status in patients with OPSCC when selecting patients for clinical trials, especially in case of de‐escalating/escalating.
Beyond passwords: A multi‐factor authentication approach for robust digital security
Authors: Simha.R Keerthan , H K Raghavan , Prabhu Akshatha , Joshi Pallavi
Published: July 2024

Multi‐Factor Authentication (MFA) strengthens digital security by necessitating users to verify their identity. It uses various authentication methods like adding an extra layer of protection beyond conventional passwords. Proposed method introduces a novel MFA system that integrates multiple authentication layers, starting with two phase Graphical password with the traditional email‐password and progressing to facial recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Quick response (QR) code authentication. To prove the robustness of our method, we are considering some test cases and few performance metrics like delay, accuracy, etc. The results are derived for False positive rates, complexity. The success rate is observed to be more than 93% for the proposed model.
Computer‐assisted revision total knee arthroplasty does not improve postoperative knee prosthesis alignment compared to the conventional technique
Authors: Alling Triine E. , Conteh‐Meijer Marrigje F. , Boerboom Alexander L. , Stevens Martin , Reininga Inge H. F.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Computer‐assisted surgery (CAS) during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthesis alignment. However, literature on its use during revision TKA (rTKA) is scarce. Moreover, the effect of CAS during rTKA on rotational alignment of the prosthesis has not been described yet. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of CAS during rTKA, focusing on the number of outliers and coronal, sagittal and rotational prosthetic alignment compared to conventional rTKA.

Methods

A prospective cohort study comparing CAS‐rTKA with a historical control group (CON‐rTKA). The CAS‐rTKA group (54 patients/62 knees) underwent rTKA using imageless CAS between 2012 and 2017. The CON‐rTKA group (13 patients/23 knees) was operated using the conventional technique between 2002 and 2012. Postoperative alignment was measured using the EOS‐2D/3D system (coronal and sagittal planes) and computed tomography scan (rotation).

Results

No significant differences between the CAS‐rTKA and CON‐rTKA groups were found for coronal and sagittal alignment regarding the mechanical angle of the leg (p = 0.08), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (p = 0.87), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (p = 0.40), anatomical proximal posterior tibial angle (p = 0.43) nor femoral (p = 0.80) and tibial rotation (p = 0.15). For the proportions of coronal, sagittal and rotational outliers, no significant differences were found either.

Conclusion

This study showed no evidence that use of CAS during rTKA leads to improved coronal, sagittal or rotational alignment of knee prostheses or a difference of outliers between the groups.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic.
HIV‐1 Nef is carried on the surface of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vanpouille Christophe , Brichacek Beda , Pushkarsky Tatiana , Dubrovsky Larisa , Fitzgerald Wendy , Mukhamedova Nigora , Garcia‐Hernandez Sofia , Matthies Doreen , Popratiloff Anastas , Sviridov Dmitri , Margolis Leonid , Bukrinsky Michael
Published: July 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication in both health and disease, delivering biologically active molecules from vesicle‐producing cells to recipient cells. In the context of HIV infection, EVs have been shown to carry the viral protein Nef, a key pathogenic factor associated with HIV‐related co‐morbidities. Despite this recognition, the specific localisation of Nef within the vesicles has remained elusive. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating Nef‐containing EVs. Less than 1% of the total released Nef was associated with EVs; most Nef existed as free protein released by damaged cells. Nevertheless, activity of EV‐associated Nef in downregulating the major cholesterol transporter ABCA1, a critical aspect linked to the pathogenic effects of Nef, was comparable to that of free Nef present in the supernatant. Through a series of biochemical and microscopic assays, we demonstrate that the majority of EV‐associated Nef molecules are localised on the external surface of the vesicles. This distinctive distribution prompts the consideration of Nef‐containing EVs as potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or treating HIV‐associated co‐morbidities. In conclusion, our results shed light on the localisation and functional activity of Nef within EVs, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted immunotherapies to mitigate the impact of HIV‐associated co‐morbidities.
Probing the interaction between the metallo‐β‐lactamase SMB‐1 and ampicillin by multispectral approaches combined with molecular dynamics
Authors: Li Jiachen , Dong Xiaoting , Zhang Yeli
Published: July 2024

Metallo‐β‐lactamases (MβLs) hydrolyze and inactivate β‐lactam antibiotics, are a pivotal mechanism conferring resistance against bacterial infections. SMB‐1, a novel B3 subclass of MβLs from Serratia marcescens could deactivate almost all β‐lactam antibiotics including ampicillin (AMP), which has posed a serious threat to public health. To illuminate the mechanism of recognition and interaction between SMB‐1 and AMP, various fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and molecular dynamics simulation were employed. The results of quenching spectroscopy unraveled that AMP could make SMB‐1 fluorescence quenching that mechanism was the static quenching; the synchronous and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra validated that the microenvironment and conformation of SMB‐1 were altered after interaction with AMP. The molecular dynamics results demonstrated that the whole AMP enters the binding pocket of SMB‐1, even though with a relatively bulky R1 side chain. Loop1 and loop2 in SMB‐1 undergo significant fluctuations, and α2 (71–73) and local α5 (186–188) were turned into random coils, promoting zinc ion exposure consistent with circular dichroism spectroscopy results. The binding between them was driven by a combination of enthalpy and entropy changes, which was dominated by electrostatic force in agreement with the fluorescence observations. The present study brings structural insights and solid foundations for the design of new substrates for β‐lactamases and the development of effective antibiotics that are resistant to superbugs.
Effects of antiseptic irrigation solutions on osseointegration in a cementless tibial implantation mouse model
Authors: Hammad Mohammed , Oktarina Anastasia , Suhardi Vincentius J. , Thomson Andrew , Li Qingdian , Döring Kevin , Augustin Edouard J. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Carli Alberto V. , Bostrom Mathias P. G. , Yang Xu
Published: July 2024

Despite the success of standard antiseptic irrigation solutions in reducing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates, there is still a need for more effective solutions. Synergistic use of povidone‐iodine (PI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has shown promising results; however, the optimal solution concentration balancing bactericidal activity and osseointegration remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these antiseptic irrigation solutions on osseointegration and the bone–implant interface strength in vivo. Forty C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral tibial implantation surgery and were randomly allocated into three groups receiving 0.3% PI, 10% PI mixed with 3% H2O2, or saline as irrigation solutions intraoperatively. Assessments were performed on postoperative Days 1 and 28, including plain radiographs, microcomputed tomography (microCT) evaluation, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical pull‐out testing. No wound complications were observed. MicroCT scans revealed no differences in peri‐implant trabecular bone parameters. Biomechanical pull‐out testing showed no differences in the bone–implant interface strength across groups. Histological analysis indicated no differences in bone and bone marrow percentage areas among treatment groups. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated no differences among groups in peri‐implant osteocalcin, osterix, or endomucin‐positive cells. In conclusion, using either antiseptic irrigation solution showed no differences in osseointegration parameters compared to the control group, demonstrating safety and the absence of toxicity.

Clinical Relevance

Dilute 0.3% povidone‐iodine and a 1:1 combination of 10% povidone‐iodine mixed with 3% hydrogen peroxide can be safely used during primary and revision total joint arthroplasty without compromising osseointegration or causing wound complications.
Assessment of disease severity with magnetic resonance cholangiography in pediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Vanhanen Enni , Ovissi Ali , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Tenca Andrea
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) has supplanted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) as the preferred imaging modality for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, data about the accuracy of MRCP in assessing disease severity are limited, particularly in children. We assessed the accuracy of MRCP in disease severity evaluation and investigated the correlation between imaging findings and biochemical parameters (including the multivariate risk index SCOPE) in patients with pediatric‐onset PSC.

Methods

We included 36 patients with PSC (median age: 16) who had MRCP and ERCP performed within 4‐month intervals. Two experts, blinded to ERCP findings, evaluated the bile duct changes in consensus using the Modified Amsterdam PSC Score. The agreement between MRCP and ERCP evaluations was tested with weighted kappa statistics and the correlation between disease severity and biochemical parameters with Spearman's rank correlation.

Results

The agreement between MRCP and ERCP was good for extrahepatic (weighted kappa 0.69; 95% confidence of interval [CI] 0.53–0.84) but fair for intrahepatic (weighted kappa 0.35; 95% CI 0.14–0.56) bile ducts. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic MRCP scores correlated with APRI (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.020 and ρ = 0.39, p = 0.033, respectively), while extrahepatic MRCP score also correlated with biliary neutrophils (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.035). We found a good correlation between the SCOPE index and intrahepatic MRCP score (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.004), and extrahepatic MRCP score (ρ = 0.57, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

MRCP is accurate at evaluating the severity of extrahepatic bile duct changes in pediatric‐onset PSC but tends to underestimate intrahepatic changes. The SCOPE index's robust correlation with imaging scores supports its role as a comprehensive diagnostic tool, outperforming individual laboratory metrics.
Impact of microscopic deposits of yolk sac tumor on recurrence of mature sacrococcygeal teratoma
Authors: Johnston William R. , Hwang Rosa , Mattei Peter
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) with malignant histology frequently recur and are treated aggressively, but risk factors and surveillance protocols are less established for mature tumors. In particular, prior studies have not investigated whether microscopic deposits of yolk sac tumor (YST) in otherwise mature teratomas lead to higher recurrence rates.

Methods

We reviewed patients with mature SCTs resected at our institution from 2011 to 2021 and analyzed tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Results

We identified 56 patients with mature SCT, of which 9 (16%) demonstrated microscopic YST. Following surgery, 7/56 (13%) patients developed local recurrence at a mean of 1.2 ± 0.7 years, while no patients developed metastases. Recurrence was more likely in patients with microscopic YST [5/9 (56%) vs. 2/47 (4%), p = 0.021] and positive margins [6/24 (35%) vs. 1/32 (3.1%), p = 0.030]. A solid tumor component tended to increase recurrence risk as well [6/29 (21%) vs. 1/27 (4%), p = 0.053]. Five patients demonstrated malignant recurrence and were all detected by a rising alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), while two patients demonstrated recurrence of mature teratoma and were detected on surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Conclusions

Microscopic foci of YST may increase recurrence risk for patients with mature SCT. Such patients might benefit from closer postoperative surveillance with serial AFP measurements and MRI.
Tipping the scales for global mental health: A summary of the Presidential Panel at the 39th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
Authors: Sijbrandij Marit , Bass Judith K. , Carswell Kenneth , Hamdani Syed Usman , Karyotaki Eirini
Published: July 2024

In the past decade, there has been an increasing focus within scientific research on how to assist people affected by the negative consequences of trauma and crises around the globe. As many countries struggle with a lack of resources to deliver mental health interventions, scalable strategies have been developed to help more people in need. These scalable strategies were the theme of the 39th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS). The presidential panel, chaired by Marit Sijbrandij during her ISTSS presidency, brought together a group of experts in the field of scalable interventions: Kenneth Carswell, Syed Usman Hamdani, Judy Bass, and Eirini Karyotaki. The panel highlighted the current state of the evidence on scalable interventions for adults and children and outlined important next steps for research and implementation. These recommendations include further improving the availability of, and evidence for, scalable interventions through increased training and sustained funding; conducting more studies in underrepresented samples, such as children and adolescents; and promoting open access availability of research findings worldwide. In this paper, we provide an overview of the topics discussed in the panel as well as the key takeaways.
Non‐surgical management of acute proximal hamstring avulsions can produce clinically acceptable results
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Hassan Rifat , Poku Daryl , Chan Otto , Oliva Francesco
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the mid‐term clinical outcomes for the non‐surgical and surgical management of acute proximal hamstring avulsions.

Methods

Sixty physically active individuals were offered surgical or non‐surgical management for their proximal hamstring avulsion injuries. Distal retraction was defined as greater than 2 cm. Primary outcome measures were the Victorian Institute of sport assessment‐proximal hamstring tendons (VISA‐H) and functional assessment scale for acute hamstring injuries (FASH). Secondary outcome measures included palpable gap (cm), return to sport (RTS) and the ability to perform Nordic hamstring curls. Outcome variables were adjusted in regression models for gender, age, and treatment.

Results

Thirty‐one patients elected to undertake non‐surgical management, and 29 chose surgery with a mean follow‐up of 34.8 ± 8.7 and 34.9 ± 7.0 months, respectively. The mean VISA‐H for the non‐surgical and surgical groups were 87.3 ± 3.4 and 87.9 ± 4.1 (n.s.), respectively. The mean FASH for the non‐surgical group was 89.3 ± 2.4 and 88 ± 3.6 for the surgical group (n.s.). This was consistent after adjusting for confounders.

The mean gap for the non‐surgical group was 4.5 ± 1.09 and 4.9 ± 1.19 cm for the surgical group (n.s.). No significant differences were found in the abilities to perform Nordic hamstring curls (n.s.). Both groups achieved comparable RTS rates (n.s.). On average, the non‐surgical group achieved RTS at 5.5 ± 1.2 months post‐injury, whereas the surgical group was at 5.7 ± 0.7 months (n.s.).

Conclusion

Physically active individuals with acute proximal hamstring avulsions and distal retraction of the tendon stump can be managed non‐surgically, achieving similar functional levels and RTS compared to patients treated surgically.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Toward an ecologically realistic experimental system to investigate the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates
Authors: Gazeau Frédéric , Urrutti Pierre , Dousset Alexandre , Brodu Nicolas , Richard Marion , Villeneuve Rémi , Pruvost Éric , Comeau Steeve , Koechlin Hugo , Pernet Fabrice
Published: July 2024

Human activities over the past 150 yr have led to significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, causing global warming and ocean acidification. Surface ocean temperature has risen by 0.93°C since 1850, with projections of an additional +1.42°C to 3.47°C by 2080–2099. Ocean acidification, driven by CO2 absorption, has already lowered seawater pH by 0.1 units, affecting calcifying organisms, including shelled mollusks. Long‐term multigenerational studies on mollusk responses to both ocean acidification and warming, under realistic environmental conditions, are scarce. To address this knowledge gap, two mobile experimental units that can be deployed at the vicinity of shellfish farming areas were developed within the framework of the CocoriCO2 project. The experimental systems were designed to manipulate temperature and pH as offsets from ambient conditions. The experimental units have shown their effectiveness in terms of controlling and maintaining pH and temperature to assess the multigenerational effects of ocean warming and acidification on benthic invertebrates. Finally, the developed experimental systems can be modified easily to provide an educated assessment of the impact of other relevant environmental changes such as deoxygenation and changes in salinity.
Hybrid Self‐Repairing Polymer Composites Based on a Mixture of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Self‐Healing
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Zhong Yuting , Li Shuai , Yu Simin , Zhong Jiang , Yang Yuping , Shen Liang
Published: July 2024

The development of high‐strength and multiple self‐healing polymer materials remains a major challenge. In this study, a hybrid self‐healable polymer using the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic self‐healing is demonstrated. The epoxy resin microcapsules with dynamic disulfide bonded shells are successfully prepared through an interfacial polymerization method, which are then added into the intrinsically self‐healable epoxy resin substrate also containing disulfide bonds. The unique combination structure enables the polymer composites to exhibit high mechanical strength and excellent multiple self‐healing efficiency. On the one hand, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the material are enhanced due to the reinforcement effect of the fillers. On the other hand, the extrinsic self‐healing strategy of the microcapsules, which released repair agents, can support the intrinsic repairing substrate to improve the self‐healing ability of the material. More interestingly, the design of the disulfide bond structure of the microcapsule shell contributes to the high self‐healing capability of the material during multiple self‐healing processes.
Histone lactylation facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 expression
Authors: Zhao Peng , Qiao Chunzhong , Wang Jiawei , Zhou Ye , Zhang Changhe
Published: July 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. Histone lactylation, a novel epigenetic modification, plays a crucial role in various cancers. However, the functional role and underlying mechanism of histone lactylation in HCC progression have not yet been investigated. Histone lactylation levels in HCC tissues and cells were assessed using a densitometric kit and western blot analysis. The role of histone lactylation in cell malignant phenotypes was determined through functional assays in vitro, and a xenograft tumor model was established to verify the function of histone lactylation in vivo. ChIP assay was performed to explore the interaction between histone lactylation and endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM1). Additionally, gain‐and‐loss‐of‐function assays were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of ESM1 in HCC pathogenesis. Histone lactylation levels were increased in HCC tissues and cells, and H3K9 lactylation (H3K9la) and H3K56 lactylation (H3K56la) were identified as the histone modification sites. We observed that H3K9la and H3K56la caused abnormal histone lactylation and were associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, histone lactylation was found to promote HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro. However, histone lactylation inhibition with 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG) reduced the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. In vivo, 2‐DG treatment reduced tumor growth and metastasis in the HCC mouse model. Mechanistically, it was revealed that histone lactylation activated ESM1 transcription in HCC cells. ESM1 was expressed at a high level in HCC and exerted a carcinogenic role. Histone lactylation facilitates cell malignant phenotypes, tumor growth, and metastasis by upregulating ESM1 expression in HCC, which reveals the downstream molecular mechanism of histone lactylation and might provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC therapy.