bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the sensitivity of radical chemistry and ozone formation to
ambient VOCs and NOx in Beijing
Authors: Whalley Lisa K. , Slater Eloise J. , Woodward-Massey Robert , Ye Chunxiang , Lee James D. , Squires Freya , Hopkins James R. , Dunmore Rachel E. , Shaw Marvin , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Lewis Alastair C. , Mehra Archit , Worrall Stephen D. , Bacak Asan , Bannan Thomas J. , Coe Hugh , Ouyang Bin , Jones Roderic L. , Crilley Leigh R. , Kramer Louisa J. , Bloss William J. , Vu Tuan , Kotthaus Simone , Grimmond Sue , Sun Yele , Xu Weiqi , Yue Siyao , Ren Lujie , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Wang Xinming , Fu Pingqing , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Measurements of OH, HO2, RO2-complex (alkene and aromatic-related RO2) and total RO2 radicals taken during the AIRPRO campaign in central Beijing in the summer of 2017, alongside observations of OH reactivity are presented. The concentrations of radicals were elevated with OH reaching up to 2.8 × 107 molecule cm−3, HO2 peaked at 1 × 109 molecule cm−3 and the total RO2 concentration reached 5.5 × 109 molecule cm−3. OH reactivity (k(OH)) peaked at 89 s−1 during the night, with a minimum during the afternoons of ~ 22 s−1 on average. An experimental budget analysis, in which the rates of production and destruction of the radicals are compared, highlighted that although the sources and sinks of OH were balanced under high NO concentrations, the OH sinks exceeded the known sources (by 15 ppbv hr−1) under the very low NO conditions (
Estimation of the height of turbulent mixing layer from data of Doppler lidar measurements using conical scanning by a probe beam
Authors: Banakh Viktor A. , Smalikho Igor N. , Falits Andrey V.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A method is proposed for determining the height of the turbulent mixing layer on the basis of the vertical profiles of the dissipation rate of turbulent energy, which is estimated from lidar measurements of the radial wind velocity using conical scanning by a probe beam around the vertical axis. The accuracy of the proposed method is discussed in detail. It is shown that for the estimation of the mixing layer height (MLH) with the acceptable relative error not exceeding 20 %, the signal-to-noise ratio should be no less than −16 dB, when the relative error of lidar estimation of the dissipation rate does not exceed 30 %. The method was tested in an experiment in which the wind velocity turbulence was estimated in smog conditions due to forest fires in Siberia in 2019. The results of the experiment reveal that the relative error of determination of the MLH time series obtained by this method does not exceed 10 % in the period of turbulence development. The estimates of the turbulent mixing layer height by the proposed method are in good agreement with the MLH estimated from the distributions of the variance of radial velocity and the Richardson number in height and time.
Dynamic processes in the magnetic field and in the ionosphere during the 30 August–2 September, 2019 geospace storm
Authors: Luo Yiyang , Chernogor Leonid , Garmash Kostiantyn , Guo Qiang , Rozumenko Victor , Zheng Yu
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Back at the end of the last century, L. F. Chernogor validated the concept that geospace storms are comprised of synergistically coupled magnetic storms, ionospheric storms, atmospheric storms, and storms in the electric field originating in the magnetosphere, the ionosphere and the atmosphere (i.e., electric storms). Their joint studies require the employment of multiple-method approach to the Sun–interplanetary medium–magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere – Earth system. This study provides general analysis of the 30 August–2 September, 2019 geospace storm, the analysis of disturbances in the geomagnetic field and in the ionosphere, as well as the influence of the ionospheric storm on the characteristics of HF radio waves over the People's Republic of China. A unique feature of the geospace storm under study is its duration, of up to four days. The main results of the study are as follows. The energy and power of the geospace storm have been estimated to be 1.5 PJ and 15 GW, and thus this storm is weak. The energy and power of the magnetic storm have been estimated to be 1.5 PJ and 9 GW, i.e., this storm is moderate, and a unique feature of this storm is the duration of the main phase, of up to two days. The recovery phase also was lengthy, no less than two days. On 31 August 2019 and on 1 September 2019, the variations in the H and D components attained 60–70 nT, while the Z-component variations did not exceed 20 nT. On 31 August 2019 and on 1 September 2019, the level of fluctuations in the geomagnetic field in the 100–1000 s period range increased from from 0.2–0.3 nT to 2–4 nT, while the energy of the oscillations showed a maximum in the 300–400 s to 700–900 s period range. The geospace storm was accompanied by a moderate to strong negative ionospheric storm. During 31 August 2019 and 1 September 2019, the electron density in the ionospheric F region reduced by a factor of 1.4 to 2.4 times as compared to the values on the reference day. The geospace storm gave rise to appreciable disturbances also in the ionospheric E region, as well as in the Es layer. In the course of the ionospheric storm, the altitude of reflection of radiowaves could sharply increase from about 150 km to approximately 300–310 km. The geospace storm was accompanied by the generation of atmospheric gravity waves modulating the ionospheric electron density. For the about 30 min period oscillation, the amplitude of the electron density disturbances could attain about 40 %, while it did not exceed 6 % for the about 15 min period. The results obtained have made a contribution to understanding of the geospace storm physics, to developing theoretical and empirical models of geospace storms, to the acquisition of detailed understanding of the adverse effects that geospace storms have on radiowave propagation and to applying that knowledge to effective forecasting these adverse influences.
A Comparative Study of Two-way and Offline Coupled WRF v3.4 and CMAQ v5.0.2 over the Contiguous U.S.: Performance Evaluation and Impacts of Chemistry-Meteorology Feedbacks on Air Quality
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Yang , Yu Shaocai , Wong David C. , Pleim Jonathan , Mathur Rohit , Kelly James T. , Bell Michelle
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model has been developed to more realistically represent the atmosphere by accounting for complex chemistry-meteorology feedbacks. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of two-way (with consideration of both aerosol direct and indirect effects) and offline coupled WRF v3.4 and CMAQ v5.0.2 over the contiguous U.S. Long-term (five-year of 2008–2012) simulations using WRF-CMAQ with both offline and two-way coupling modes are carried out with anthropogenic emissions based on multiple years of the U.S. National Emission Inventory and chemical initial and boundary conditions derived from an advanced Earth system model (i.e., a modified version of the Community Earth System Model/Community Atmospheric Model). The comprehensive model evaluations show that both two-way WRF-CMAQ and WRF-only simulations perform well for major meteorological variables such as temperature at 2 m, relative humidity at 2 m, wind speed at 10 m, and precipitation (except for against the National Climatic Data Center data) as well as shortwave/longwave radiation. Both two-way and offline CMAQ also show good performance for ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Due to the consideration of aerosol direct and indirect effects, two-way WRF-CMAQ shows improved performance over offline-coupled WRF and CMAQ in terms of spatiotemporal distributions and statistics, especially for radiation, cloud forcing, O3, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and elemental carbon as well as tropospheric O3 residual and column nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For example, the mean biases have been reduced by more than 10 W m−2 for shortwave radiation and cloud radiative forcing and by more than 2 ppb for max 8-h O3. However, relatively large biases still exist for cloud predictions, some PM2.5 species, and PM10, which warrant follow-up studies to better understand those issues. The impacts of chemistry-meteorological feedbacks are found to play important roles in affecting regional air quality in the U.S. by reducing domain-average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), O3, nitrogen oxide (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and PM2.5 by 3.1 % (up to 27.8 %), 4.2 % (up to 16.2 %), 6.6 % (up to 50.9 %), 5.8 % (up to 46.6 %), and 8.6 % (up to 49.1 %), respectively, mainly due to reduced radiation, temperature, and wind speed. The overall performance of the two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ model achieved in this work is generally good or satisfactory and the improved performance for two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ should be considered along with other factors in developing future model applications to inform policy making.
Mapping seasonal glacier melt across the Hindu Kush
Himalaya with time series SAR
Authors: Scher Corey , Steiner Nicholas C. , McDonald Kyle C.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Current observational data on Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) glaciers are sparse and characterizations of seasonal melt dynamics are limited. Time series synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery enables detection of reach-scale glacier melt characteristics across continents. We analyze C-band Sentinel-1 A/B SAR time series data, comprised of 32,741 Sentinel-1 A/B SAR images, determine the duration of seasonal glacier melting for 76,831 glaciers (65,108 km2), defined using optical observations, in the HKH across the calendar years 2017–2019. Signals of melt onset and duration are recorded at 90 m spatial resolution and 12-day temporal repeat across 96.62 % (62,907 km2) of the HKH cryosphere. Melt signals persist for more than 40 % of the year at elevations below 4,000 m a.s.l. and in excess of 15 % of each year at elevations exceeding 7,000 m a.s.l. Melt retrievals resemble characteristics of glacio-climatic subregions of the HKH: melt onsets sooner and occurs for a longer portion of each year in the Central and Eastern Himalaya compared to the Western Himalaya and Karakoram regions. Retrievals of seasonal melting span all elevation ranges of significant glacier area in the HKH region, extending greater than 1 km above the maximum elevation of an interpolated 0 ºC summer isotherm. Furthermore, high elevation percolation zones are apparent from meltwater retention indicated by signals of delayed refreeze. Time series SAR datasets are suitable to support operational monitoring of glacier surface melt and the development and assessment of surface energy balance models of melt-driven ablation across the high-elevation temperate global cryosphere.
Elastic-viscoplastic characterization of S2 columnar freshwater ice
Authors: Gharamti Iman E. , Dempsey John P. , Polojärvi Arttu , Tuhkuri Jukka
Published: September 2020

Abstract. This work addresses the time-dependent response of 3 m × 6 m floating edge-cracked rectangular plates of columnar freshwater S2 ice by conducting load control (LC) mode I fracture tests at −2 °C in the Ice Tank of Aalto University. The loading profile consisted of creep/cyclic-recovery sequences followed by a monotonic ramp to fracture. The LC test results were compared with previous monotonically loaded displacement control (DC) experiments of the same ice, and the effect of creep and cyclic sequences on the fracture properties were discussed. To characterize the nonlinear displacement-load relation, Schapery's constitutive model of nonlinear thermodynamics was applied to analyze the experimental data. A numerical optimization procedure using Nelder-Mead's (N-M) method was implemented to evaluate the model functions by matching the displacement record generated by the model and measured by the experiment. The accuracy of the constitutive model is checked and validated against the experimental response at the crack mouth. Under the testing conditions, the creep phases were dominated by a steady phase, and the ice response was elastic-viscoplastic; no viscoelasticity or major recovery were detected. In addition, there was no clear effect of the creep loading on the fracture properties: the apparent fracture toughness, failure load, and crack opening displacements.
Being an Italian Medical Student During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Biavardi Nicolo G.
Published: September 2020

Many students around the world have been wondering how their life will change since the very first outbreak of Covid-19. In my experience article I have tried to give a flavor of how has the academic world changed in quarantine. Difficulties and opportunities have been analyzed. Questions regarding the validity of e-learning have been posed. In an arduous period as the one we are experiencing, having an idea of what life could be in worst case scenario could be helpful.
Mediating Effect of Social Media Marketing Adoption Towards Business Performance: An Approach of Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS)
Authors: Samat Muhammad Faizal , Yusoff Mohd Nor Hakimin , Ismail Mohammad , Awang Nur Amalina , Anual Norazlan
Published: September 2020

Business environment in Malaysia has become more competitive due to the advancement of technology and globalisation including the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs have so long devised various marketing strategies in order to penetrate the online advertisement clutter alongside improving their performance. Past studies have shown that using ICT such as social media help to improve SMEs’ performance. The owner-managers themselves determine the adoption of social media in their marketing due to the process of information collection and analysis are highly relied on them. Most of the SMEs have their own websites but these are primarily used as an information tool only. Thus, this study investigated the mediating role of social media marketing adoption between technological support, organisational support, government support and competitive intelligence towards the performance of SME. The theoretical framework of this study is substantiated by Resource-based View (RBV) theory and supported by Technology, Environment and Organisation (TOE) framework. This study has been carried out in the East Coast region of Malaysia consisting of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang states and also employed a questionnaire survey method. From 1920 questionnaires distributed, 339 responses were returned and found usable for the final analysis using the structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS). The findings revealed that the adoption of social media marketing mediates the relationship between these technological, organisational, and government supports, the competitive intelligence, and SME performance. Finally, the study’s theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations and directions for future research were provided and discussed.
Integration of the GCC Stock Markets
Authors: Alshammari Turki
Published: September 2020

This study analyzes the short- and long-term interdependence among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets, namely, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Emirates, and Oman. The study finds a solid long-term relationship among the GCC stock markets and that each market contributes significantly to that relationship. The short-term relationship is also supported through the causality tests as well as through impulse response functions. The analysis reveals the Kuwait stock market to be the most influential during the examined period. Also, a feedback exists between the Saudi and the Emirates stock markets. In order to corroborate the results, an ARDL model is specified and its results confirm the cointegration tests. Overall, the results place doubts against the investment diversification principle.
Analysing ICT Economic Impact in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Dang Thi Viet , Linh Dang Huyen
Published: September 2020

This article applied the input-out table (IO) analysis to estimate the linkages of ICT sectors to the Vietnam economy. In this article, the shared output requirement of ICT sectors is analysed to the multiplier effect, inter-sector feedback effect, and spillover effect. The research also examines the induced increase of ICT's output to the final demand of ICT sectors and non-ICT sectors. The results show that although the impact of the domestic ICT sectors in the Vietnam economy increases through time, it is generally not outstanding in comparison with other sectors. The ICT manufacturing sector is rather self-sufficient, stimulating import rather than added value for the domestic economy. From both the intermediate and final demand inducement, ICT media, content and ICT services sectors reveal their significant diffusion and critical inter-sector relationship with other ICT and non-ICT sectors in the economy. The paper also provides policy implications for the future development of ICT in Vietnam.
Financialization of Non-financial Industries, United States, 1980-2006
Authors: Ki Youn , Ahn Misung
Published: September 2020

Non-financial firms have become substantially dependent on financial revenues. However, the timing and intensity of financialization vary by industry. We investigate variation in the level of financialization among different non-financial industries in the United States from 1980 to 2006. We first illustrate how unique incidents and regulatory changes influenced different industries’ financialization trajectories. We also conduct a statistical analysis to examine three types of industry-level determinants: profitability, uncertainty, and factor intensity. We find that these determinants have high explanatory power regarding interindustry variation in financialization. An industry-level analysis allows us to better understand the role of historical, institutional, and industrial factors in the financialization process which have been overlooked in structure-oriented research.
A Reconnainsances Study to Delianate Conductive Groundwater Zone Using Resistivity Sounding in Some Part of Kwara State North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu S. , Yusuf A. K. , Kodomi A.G. , Wulo I. B.
Published: September 2020

From the results, three to four electrostratigraphic layers with resistivity value ranging from 44 to 997 ohm/m and thickness ranging from 0.5 to 39.7 m were observed in the study area. The top loose rocks, the weathered conductive zone, the fractured basement rock and the fresh basement rock of older granite suite were encountered respectively. From this research, it can be deduce that, the thicker top soil and deeper weathered basement rock at the depth of 30 to 45 meters within this area produce a productive site for sitting future borehole. Insufficient groundwater supply in some places leading to scarcity is noticed in VES 10, VES 12 and VES 13. H, I, and A curve types are generally the most common in the area and are typical of basement complex area. Geographical Positioning System tool (model: GPSmap 76CSx), was used to locate the VES points. Fifteen VES points with electrode spacing [AB/2] of 100 meters separation around Ndanaku and environs were undertaken using Schlumberger configuration. IPI 2 Win [1990-2003] Geosoft resistivity sounding software was used to model the field curves from the measured data on the field. Groundwater in the area is regarded as poor due to localized nature of the aquifer and the study aimed at addressing this scarcity of water within the area by studying the conductive zone and knows the aquifer types through resistivity sounding techniques for future drilling.
De renaissance van de voorlopige maatregelen in het mededingingsrecht
Authors: Bredenoord-Spoek Marieke , de Jong Stijn
Published: September 2020

De renaissance van de voorlopige maatregelen in het mededingingsrecht

Dit overzichtsartikel beschrijft het handhavingsinstrument van de ‘voorlopige maatregel’ in het Europese en Nederlandse mededingingsrecht. De auteurs signaleren dat dit instrument aan populariteit wint bij toezichthouders.
Territoriale leveringsbeperkingen tussen de Benelux-landen: werkt de interne markt voor iedereen?
Authors: Huveneers Christian
Published: September 2020

Territoriale leveringsbeperkingen tussen de Benelux-landen: werkt de interne markt voor iedereen?

Het uitgangspunt van deze bijdrage is de vaststelling van prijsverschillen tussen lidstaten van de Europese Unie, in het bijzonder de vaststelling van hogere detailprijzen in België dan in naburige landen. Het artikel hanteert het begrip ‘territoriale leveringsbeperkingen’ (territorial supply constraints) als één van de belangrijkste oorzaken van die prijsverschillen en hoe deze in mededingingszaken worden behandeld. Ook biedt de bijdrage een overzicht van de empirische economische literatuur over andere mogelijke economische oorzaken van prijsverschillen. Ten slotte worden andere juridische instrumenten (dan het mededingingsrecht in enge zin) ter beschikking van mededingingsautoriteiten en rechtbanken gehanteerd, in het bijzonder het begrip ‘economische afhankelijkheid’
Oprimido (s) da pedagogia ao teatro: Paulo Freire e Augusto Boal, de Nima Spigolon, Adriano Nogueira (org)
Authors: Marangoni Júlio César
Published: September 2020

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O território da gestão, a gestão do território: interpretação das narrativas pós-ocupações estudantis em Sorocaba-SP
Authors: Da Silva Michael Cristtofer
Published: September 2020

As últimas ocupações estudantis em 2015 trouxeram consigo uma discussão ampla sobre as territorialidades da escola paulista, produzindo questionamentos sobre a democracia da gestão escolar. Nesse contexto, por meio da concepção de território de Rogério Haesbaert, elaboramos um estudo de caso buscando as identidades que constituem esse fenômeno. Escolhemos uma escola da periferia de Sorocaba, que esteve sob ameaça de fechamento na “reorganização das escolas estaduais em São Paulo”, para o aprofundamento empírico da pesquisa. O estudo baseou-se nas cate-gorias: identidade, território e gestão escolar, para que fosse possível findar uma análise crítica e interdisciplinar. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo na escola e nos encontros dos movimentos estudantis, com o objetivo de aprofundar a análise qualitativa. Identificamos com o estudo a presença das multiterritorialidades como um fator importante na construção de continuidades autoritárias, e que as ocupa-ções foram possíveis rupturas como o modus operandi da gestão como um todo.
Gestão e organização da política de educação especial em um município amazonense de grande porte
Authors: Vinente Samuel , Duarte Galvani Márcia
Published: September 2020

Mesmo com ampla legislação vigente que assegura uma escola para todos, os sistemas de ensino ainda apresentam dificuldades para o atendimento aos estudantes com deficiência. O presente estudo objetivou descrever e analisar a gestão e a organização da política de Educação Especial em um município amazonense de grande porte. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico, do qual participaram quatro professores e um representante da Gerência de Educação Especial. Os dados foram coletados por meio de roteiros semiestruturados de entrevista e um Protocolo para Análise Documental de Políticas Públicas em Educação Especial. Os dados apontaram para a necessidade de revisão dos processos de gestão e organização da política municipal de Educação Especial, bem como os inúmeros desafios para a efetivação do processo de inclusão escolar dos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial na capital amazonense.
Gestão educacional: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Vercelli Ligia De Carvalho Abões , Bauer Carlos
Published: September 2020

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Educação e infância: uma leitura por meio de obras de arte, de Ligia de Carvalho Abões Vercelli e Kátia Maria Thomazetti C. Henriques (Orgs.)
Authors: Ruiz Daniela
Published: September 2020

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The importance of absorptive capacity towards innovation in small-medium enterprises: is human capital a moderating factor?
Authors: Pradana Mahir , S. Wahyuddin
Published: September 2020

Previous literatures have reviewed that innovation ability relies on the capacity to absorp new knowledge (absorptive capacity). This study aims to examine the effect of absorptive capacity on innovation in the scope of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the province of West Java, Indonesia. To see whether human resource factors play a role in the ability of absorptive capacity, this study uses human capital as a mediator. The results of the study concluded that the scope of SMEs is different from multinational industries, where human capital apparently does not act as a mediator in the relationship between absorptive capacity and innovation.
Från implicit till explicit – didaktiska modeller som verktyg för att utmana selektiva traditioner rörande undersökande arbete
Authors: Lunde Torodd , Drechsler Michal , Gericke Niklas
Published: September 2020

This study aims to illustrate how didactic models in science education can help in-service teachers to challenge selective traditions in a constructive way. The study was based on a teacher professional development program on inquiry-based science teaching in lower secondary school. Three didactic models were used in both lectures and group reflections to initiate reflections on different ways of interpreting the aims and content associated with inquiry-based science teaching and the consequences of these interpretations. Data was collected from a group of four teachers and consists of written documentation, recordings of group reflections and a group interview. The study shows that the three didactic models helped to make different ideas and underlying assumptions visible and that the teachers could reflect on their meaning and interpretations in a constructive way. Subsequently, the teachers could explicitly separate different ways to interpret the ideas associated with inquiry-based science teacher and make more conscious didactic choices as a result. The study shows that it can be fruitful to provide teachers with reflection tools in the form of didactic models to avoid that ideas introduced in continuing education are selectively adapted to current teaching without critical reflection.
Oi! Sjå på den! – Funn av naturelement som utgangspunkt for utforskande naturfaglege samtalar mellom barn (5-6 år) og pedagogar
Authors: Skalstad Ingunn
Published: September 2020

The study examines what characterizes situations that facilitate young children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues in outdoor education. By using action cameras mounted to the chest of three children (5-6 years) and two pedagogues during an outdoor session, recordings of 106 scientific dialogues are identified and analyzed in terms of categories describing the communicative project (the purpose) of the dialogues. These categories are: exploring, informing/presenting, and calling for attention. Children´s findings of nature elements initiated 60% of the scientific dialogues between children and pedagogues. Children´s utterances as “Look at this!” are often starting points for these dialogues. It is showed how pedagogues can extend the dialogue by using follow-up questions and encouraging children in applying their senses when exploring their findings. The study also indicates that visiting an area that offers rich possibilities of experiences and findings of nature elements, could enhance the children´s participation in exploratory scientific dialogues.
Os Elementos para o Desenvolvimento de um Regime Transnacional Sustentável de Proteção Jurídica dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais Associados à Biodiversidade Amazônica
Authors: Matheus Ana Carolina Couto
Published: September 2020

O objeto do trabalho em testilha é a possibilidade da criação de elementos para o desenvolvimento de um regime transnacional sustentável de proteção jurídica dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade amazônica, considerando a imprescindível inter-relação dos conhecimentos tradicionais dos povos da Amazônia com a sustentabilidade. Comporta necessariamente um tratamento transdisciplinar, pois as categorias de construções da realidade são diversas, e, embora diferentes, encontram-se profundamente interligadas ou interdependentes. O método utilizado na fase de investigação e na fase de tratamento dos dados foi o indutivo. Nas diversas fases da pesquisa foram acionadas as técnicas do referente, da categoria, do conceito operacional, da pesquisa bibliográfica e do fichamento. O desenvolvimento do tema pautou-se pela persecução dos objetivos geral e específicos que nortearam a produção. O relatório se encerra com as conclusões e consubstancia o resultado de todos os achados da pesquisa acadêmica, findando por confirmar a hipótese inicialmente concebida, tendo, alfim, alcançado os elementos para o desenvolvimento de um regime transnacional sustentável de proteção jurídica dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade amazônica.
Reducing the Discard of MBT Test Cases
Authors: Diniz Thomaz , Alves Everton L G , Silva Anderson G F , Andrade Wilkerson L
Published: September 2020

Model-Based Testing (MBT) is used for generating test suites from system models. However, as software evolves, its models tend to be updated, which may lead to obsolete test cases that are often discarded. Test case discard can be very costly since essential data, such as execution history, are lost. In this paper, we investigate the use of distance functions and machine learning to help to reduce the discard of MBT tests. First, we assess the problem of managing MBT suites in the context of agile industrial projects. Then, we propose two strategies to cope with this problem: (i) a pure distance function-based. An empirical study using industrial data and ten different distance functions showed that distance functions could be effective for identifying low impact edits that lead to test cases that can be updated with little effort. We also found the optimal configuration for each function. Moreover, we showed that, by using this strategy, one could reduce the discard of test cases by 9.53%; (ii) a strategy that combines machine learning with distance values. This strategy can classify the impact of edits in use case documents with accuracy above 80%; it was able to reduce the discard of test cases by 10.4% and to identify test cases that should, in fact, be discarded.
Editoral letter - special issue CIbSE2019
Authors: Brito Isabel Sofia
Published: September 2020

This issue of the JSERD contains seven extended and peer-reviewed papers from the XXII Ibero-American Conference on Software Engineering (CIbSE 2019), which was held in La Habana, Cuba, in April 2019.
The Confession of Time in Augustine
Authors: Milbank John ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2020

The apparent contradiction between subjective and objective approaches to time in Augustine can be resolved if it is understood that he regarded cosmic time and the finite things it engenders as being of itself, in some sense, both psychic and self-recording. This interpretation holds whether or not Augustine affirms a world soul. It is justifiable in terms of the continued applicability of his earlier liberal-arts writings to his later texts and his blending of Plotinian vitalism, Porphyrian spiritualism, and his own ‘theurgism’ (especially in his commentary on the Psalms), which is parallel to that of Iamblichus. Augustine’s ‘musical ontology’, which is also a metaphysics of number, word, and seminal reason, leads him to develop a theory of time and memory that anticipates more the spiritual realism of Bergson than it does idealist and phenomenological philosophies. However, for Augustine, time as an image of eternity remains aporetic, and its aporia is ‘resolved’ only by the Incarnation and its sustaining as the liturgical and political community of the Church. Through Christological, and not just angelic, mediation, our memories and expectations truly reach to past and future realities, just as our intentions reach to really located things, but only because all of these are both inherently psychic/intellectual and sustained by the divine eternity.
Double Consciousness in Today’s Black America
Authors: Walker L.E. ,   Ball State University
Published: September 2020

In The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. Du Bois introduces double consciousness as a result of racial prejudice and oppression. Explained as a state of confliction felt by black Americans, Du Bois presents double consciousness as integral to understanding the black experience. Later philosophers question the importance of double consciousness to current race discussions, but this paper contends that double consciousness provides valuable insights into black and white relations. To do this, I will utilize the modern slang term, “Oreo,” to highlight how a perceived incompatibility between blacks and whites could prevent America from achieving a greater unity.
Mediating effects of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between academic stress and sleep quality among academic high school students
Authors: Bae Eun Sook , Kang Hye Seung , Lee Ha Na
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm mediating effects of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between academic stress and sleep quality among academic high school students.Methods: The participants included 195 academic high school students who were attending a private educational institution in the Gwangju or Pusan metropolitan city. Data were collected from September 1 to September 30, 2019. The data were analyzed using PROCESS macro SPSS/WIN 3.2 and bootstrapping was used to test the mediating effects.Results: There were significant relationships between sleep quality and academic stress (r=-.55, p<.001), sleep quality and academic self-efficacy (r=.35, p<.001), and academic stress and academic self-efficacy (r=-.16, p<.020). Academic self-efficacy showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between academic stress and sleep quality.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the development of a program that improves the academic self-efficacy of academic high school students who are experiencing academic stress is a way to improve the quality of their sleep.
Mediating effect of communication ability in the relation between empathy and interpersonal relation in nursing students
Authors: Jo Eunhee , Kim Hyun-Sook , Hwang Soon-Jung
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to grasp the correlation between communication ability, empathy, and interpersonal relations among nursing students, and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on the relation between communication and interpersonal relation in nursing students.Methods: Participants were 209 college students in the Department of Nursing at two universities. The data collection period was from October 1, 2019 to November 1, 2019. The questionnaire consisted of measuring tools for general characteristics, communication ability, interpersonal relation and empathy. SPSS/23.0 program was used. The analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and Sobel's tests.Results: The communication ability was nursing major satisfaction (t=8.25, p<.001), and last year's average grade (t=7.29, p=.001). Interpersonal relationships showed significant differences in gender (t=2.51, p=.013) and nursing major satisfaction (t=10.99, p<.001). Communication ability and empathy (r=.37, p<.001), communication ability and interpersonal relation (r=.77, p<.001), empathy and interpersonal relation (r=.43, p<.001) showed a significant static correlation. In communication ability and interpersonal relation, empathy had a partial mediating effect (Z=2.97, p<.001), and explanatory power was 62%.Conclusion: To improve the communication ability and interpersonal relation of nursing students, it is necessary to develop a personalized and empathy-enhanced education program for each grade.
A study on nursing informatics competence of clinical nurses: Applying focus group interview
Authors: Jang Seon Mi , Kim Jeongeun
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study is a content analysis to understand the nursing informatics competence of clinical nurses.Methods: Focus group interviews were used to collect data. Two focus group interviews were held with a total of nine clinical nurses. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was used to analyze data.Results: The five main categories of nursing informatics competence that emerged are 1) software program use, 2) use of nursing information, 3) use of information communication technology in nursing, 4) professional responsibilities and ethics, and 5) active attitudes and recognition. Next, there are three strategies to improve nursing informatics competence: 1) organizational approach, 2) opportunity of continuous education, 3) presentation of standards in nursing informatics competence.Conclusion: Further studies such as educational program development and evaluation tool development are necessary. Moreover, there is a need to enhance clinical nurses' nursing informatics competence by using the proposed strategies.
The effects of education on patterns of youth integration into the labour market in Portugal
Authors: Parente Cristina , Ramos Madalena , Marcos Vanessa , Cruz Sofia Alexandra , Neto Hernâni Veloso
Published: September 2020

Throughout the development of capitalist societies, there has been a steady increase in the importance attributed to education/training in the process of employability: it has asserted itself as a key variable in the functioning of the labour markets. In the light of an analysis of the data in the 2007 Personnel Charts, the aim of this article is to understand to what extent educational levels still represent a variable that explains the different types of employment relationships among young people between 15 and 24 years of age. The relevant and innovative aspects of this study are, firstly, a multiple correspondence analysis of the unpublished secondary information and, secondly, the findings that new patterns of integration into the labour market have emerged, with distinctive characteristics, though they do not call into question the positive association between educational certificates and the employment relationship.
Essence and identity in polytechnic higher education in Portugal: from the basic law on the educational system to the Bologna Declaration
Authors: Urbano Cláudia
Published: September 2020

The words university and higher education are often used indiscriminately. But Portugal has a two-pronged higher education system: universities and polytechnics have followed different ways. However, certain educational policies have produced a convergence in the direction of these subsystems, not in their policy and their missions — because they reflect different educational objectives — but in the trends associated with the supply of and demand for higher education. This can be the indicator of a change in social representations and cultural models with regard to these subsystems and, especially, the polytechnic subsystem, where more changes have occurred. It is our purpose to contribute to an enrichment of the state-of-the-art information on higher education and, specifically, polytechnic education in Portugal.
Entrepreneurship at school and the paradigm of competences: the case of Junior Achievement — Portugal
Authors: Chaves Rosário Rito , Parente Cristina
Published: September 2020

The starting point for the analysis of entrepreneurial programs that are being introduced in schools is the “approach by competences” as an alternative paradigm in the orientation of teaching and learning. The article analyzes the program “A Empresa”, developed by Aprender a Empreender — Junior Achievement — Portugal, from its implementation in two high schools in Lisbon Metropolitan Area. It describes the process of implementation and operation of the program that operates in parallel to formal disciplinary curriculum, and wonder about the expectations, challenges and motivations created in teachers and students.
The visual pigment xenopsin is widespread in protostome eyes and impacts the view on eye evolution
Authors: Döring Clemens Christoph , Kumar Suman , Tumu Sharat Chandra , Kourtesis Ioannis , Hausen Harald
Published: September 2020

Photoreceptor cells in the eyes of Bilateria are often classified into microvillar cells with rhabdomeric opsin and ciliary cells with ciliary opsin, each type having specialized molecular components and physiology. First data on the recently discovered xenopsin point towards a more complex situation in protostomes. In this study, we provide clear evidence that xenopsin enters cilia in the eye of the larval bryozoanTricellaria inopinataand triggers phototaxis. As reported from a mollusc, we find xenopsin coexpressed with rhabdomeric-opsin in eye photoreceptor cells bearing both microvilli and cilia in larva of the annelidMalacoceros fuliginosus. This is the first organism known to have both xenopsin and ciliary opsin, showing that these opsins are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Compiling existing data, we propose that xenopsin may play an important role in many protostome eyes and provides new insights into the function, evolution, and possible plasticity of animal eye photoreceptor cells.
A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain
Authors: Scheffer Louis K , Xu C Shan , Januszewski Michal , Lu Zhiyuan , Takemura Shin-ya , Hayworth Kenneth J , Huang Gary B , Shinomiya Kazunori , Maitlin-Shepard Jeremy , Berg Stuart , Clements Jody , Hubbard Philip M , Katz William T , Umayam Lowell , Zhao Ting , Ackerman David , Blakely Tim , Bogovic John , Dolafi Tom , Kainmueller Dagmar , Kawase Takashi , Khairy Khaled A , Leavitt Laramie , Li Peter H , Lindsey Larry , Neubarth Nicole , Olbris Donald J , Otsuna Hideo , Trautman Eric T , Ito Masayoshi , Bates Alexander S , Goldammer Jens , Wolff Tanya , Svirskas Robert , Schlegel Philipp , Neace Erika , Knecht Christopher J , Alvarado Chelsea X , Bailey Dennis A , Ballinger Samantha , Borycz Jolanta A , Canino Brandon S , Cheatham Natasha , Cook Michael , Dreher Marisa , Duclos Octave , Eubanks Bryon , Fairbanks Kelli , Finley Samantha , Forknall Nora , Francis Audrey , Hopkins Gary Patrick , Joyce Emily M , Kim SungJin , Kirk Nicole A , Kovalyak Julie , Lauchie Shirley A , Lohff Alanna , Maldonado Charli , Manley Emily A , McLin Sari , Mooney Caroline , Ndama Miatta , Ogundeyi Omotara , Okeoma Nneoma , Ordish Christopher , Padilla Nicholas , Patrick Christopher M , Paterson Tyler , Phillips Elliott E , Phillips Emily M , Rampally Neha , Ribeiro Caitlin , Robertson Madelaine K , Rymer Jon Thomson , Ryan Sean M , Sammons Megan , Scott Anne K , Scott Ashley L , Shinomiya Aya , Smith Claire , Smith Kelsey , Smith Natalie L , Sobeski Margaret A , Suleiman Alia , Swift Jackie , Takemura Satoko , Talebi Iris , Tarnogorska Dorota , Tenshaw Emily , Tokhi Temour , Walsh John J , Yang Tansy , Horne Jane Anne , Li Feng , Parekh Ruchi , Rivlin Patricia K , Jayaraman Vivek , Costa Marta , Jefferis Gregory SXE , Ito Kei , Saalfeld Stephan , George Reed , Meinertzhagen Ian A , Rubin Gerald M , Hess Harald F , Jain Viren , Plaza Stephen M
Published: September 2020

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain.
Co-expression analysis reveals interpretable gene modules controlled by trans-acting genetic variants
Authors: Kolberg Liis , Kerimov Nurlan , Peterson Hedi , Alasoo Kaur
Published: September 2020

Understanding the causal processes that contribute to disease onset and progression is essential for developing novel therapies. Although trans-acting expression quantitative trait loci (trans-eQTLs) can directly reveal cellular processes modulated by disease variants, detecting trans-eQTLs remains challenging due to their small effect sizes. Here, we analysed gene expression and genotype data from six blood cell types from 226 to 710 individuals. We used co-expression modules inferred from gene expression data with five methods as traits in trans-eQTL analysis to limit multiple testing and improve interpretability. In addition to replicating three established associations, we discovered a novel trans-eQTL near SLC39A8 regulating a module of metallothionein genes in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Interestingly, this effect was mediated by a transient cis-eQTL present only in early LPS response and lost before the trans effect appeared. Our analyses highlight how co-expression combined with functional enrichment analysis improves the identification and prioritisation of trans-eQTLs when applied to emerging cell-type-specific datasets.