bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Invasive 3D Photoacoustic Tomography of Angiographic Anatomy and Hemodynamics of Fatty Livers in Rats
Authors: Tong Xin , Lin Li , Hu Peng , Cao Rui , Zhang Yang , Olick‐Gibson Joshua , Wang Lihong V.
Published: November 2022

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder worldwide, which strongly correlates to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes. Complementary to mainstream liver diagnostic modalities, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can provide high‐speed images with functional optical contrast. However, PAT has not been demonstrated to study fatty liver anatomy with clear volumetric vasculatures. The livers of multiple rats are non‐invasively imaged in vivo using the recently developed 3D PAT platform. The system provides isotropically high spatial resolution in 3D space, presenting clear angiographic structures of rat livers without injecting contrast agents. Furthermore, to quantitatively analyze the difference between the livers of lean and obese rats, the authors measured several PAT features and statistical differences between the two groups are observed. In addition to the anatomy, a time‐gated strategy is applied to correct respiration‐induced motion artifacts and extracted the hemodynamics of major blood vessels during the breathing cycles. This study demonstrates the capabilities of 3D‐PAT to reveal both angiographic anatomy and function in rat livers, providing hematogenous information for fatty liver diagnosis. 3D‐PAT, as a new tool for preclinical research, warrants further improvements to be transferred to human pediatric liver imaging.
Profitability of grazing no‐till established winter cereal pasture and summer cover crops
Authors: Sestak Jacob R. , Biermacher Jon T. , Brorsen B. Wade , Rogers James K.
Published: November 2022

No‐till establishment (NT) and cover crops (CC) are two agricultural practices promoted to reduce externalities with clean‐till (CT) and fallow practices, better soil health, and improve producer profitability. Some research reports economic value for NT on water‐limited cropland acres, helping to advance farmer adoption; however, economic research associated with CC is limited. This study determined the economics of NT and CC for small grain pasture grazing systems in the Southern Great Plains (SGP). Data from a 5‐year, completely randomized design (CRD) grazing experiment were used in mixed‐effects regression models to estimate the effects of establishment method (CT and NT) and either summer fallow (SF) or summer CC on average daily gain (ADG), steer grazing days (SGD), and total gain (TG) ha−1. Enterprise budgeting was used to determine the relative net benefits of CTSF, NTSF, CTCC, and NTCC systems. Winter TG was the same for CTSF and NTSF systems; however, the NTSF realized 39 and 21 kg TG ha−1 more (p ≤ 0.01) than the CTCC and NTCC systems, respectively. TG on CC was 11 kg ha−1 greater (p ≤ 0.01) for NT than CT. NT realized lower costs for machinery labor and fuel than CT, giving it an economic advantage; however, revenues from grazing CC did not outweigh the additional costs of seed, fuel, and chemical applications. Overall, the NTSF system produced US$34.04 ha−1 greater net returns than the next best system. This result was not sensitive to relative changes in prices of glyphosate, labor, fuel, or cover crop seed.
Automated and Efficient Generation of General Molecular Aggregate Structures
Authors: Plett Christoph , Grimme Stefan
Published: November 2022

Modeling intermolecular interactions of complex non‐covalent structures is important in many areas of chemistry. To facilitate the generation of reasonable dimer, oligomer, and general aggregate geometries, we introduce an automated computational interaction site screening (aISS) workflow. This easy‐to‐use tool combines a genetic algorithm employing the intermolecular force‐field xTB‐IFF for initial search steps with the general force‐field GFN‐FF and the semi‐empirical GFN2‐xTB method for geometry optimizations. Compared with the alternative CREST program, aISS yields similar results but with computer time savings of 1–3 orders of magnitude. This allows for the treatment of systems with thousands of atoms composed of elements up to radon, e.g., metal‐organic complexes, or even polyhedra and zeolite cut‐outs which were not accessible before. Moreover, aISS can identify reactive sites and provides options like site‐directed (user‐guided) screening.
Photocatalytic Alkylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds Using Sulfonylhydrazones**
Authors: Pulcinella Antonio , Bonciolini Stefano , Lukas Florian , Sorato Andrea , Noël Timothy
Published: November 2022

The ability to construct C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds from easily accessible reagents is a crucial, yet challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists. Herein, we report the realization of such a cross‐coupling reaction, which combines N‐sulfonyl hydrazones and C(sp3)−H donors through a diarylketone‐enabled photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a subsequent fragmentation of the obtained alkylated hydrazide. This mild and metal‐free protocol was employed to prepare a wide array of alkyl‐alkyl cross‐coupled products and is tolerant of a variety of functional groups. The application of this chemistry further provides a preparatively useful route to various medicinally‐relevant compounds, such as homobenzylic ethers, aryl ethyl amines, β‐amino acids and other moieties which are commonly encountered in approved pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and natural products.
C−H Fluoromethoxylation of Arenes by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Bertoli Giulia , Martínez Ángel Manu , Goebel Jonas F. , Belmonte Debora , Sivendran Nardana , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: November 2022

Redox‐active N‐(fluoromethoxy)benzotriazoles were made accessible from fluoroacetic acid and hydroxybenzotriazoles via electrodecarboxylative coupling. After alkylation, they become effective monofluoromethoxylation reagents, enabling the photocatalytic C−H functionalization of arenes. Thus, irradiation of 1‐(OCH2F)‐3‐Me‐6‐(CF3)benzotriazolium triflate with blue LED light in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] promotes the synthesis of diversely functionalized aryl monofluoromethyl ethers. This method allows the late‐stage functionalization of biologically relevant structures without relying on ecologically problematic halofluorocarbons.
Multiplexed Label‐Free Biomarker Detection by Targeted Disassembly of Variable‐Length DNA Payload Chains
Authors: Aquilina Matthew , Dunn Katherine E.
Published: November 2022

Simultaneously studying different biomarker types (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) could improve understanding and diagnosis of many complex diseases. However, biomarker detection involves several complex or expensive methodologies, requiring specialized laboratories and personnel. A multiplexed assay would greatly facilitate the use of biomarker data. Here, we present a multiplexed biomarker detection technique using variable‐length DNA payload chains, which are systematically disassembled in the presence of specific biomarkers. The resulting distinctly‐sized fragments yield characteristic gel electrophoresis band patterns. This has enabled us to detect with high sensitivity and specificity DNA sequences including BRCA1 (limit of detection, LOD, ∼3 nM), RNA (miR‐141, LOD ∼19 nM) and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol (LOD ∼200–250 nM). We show that our assay is multiplexable, and suffers limited sensitivity loss in fetal bovine serum and can be applied using capillary electrophoresis, which may be more amenable to automation and integration in healthcare settings.
Polymer electrolyte membrane modification in direct ethanol fuel cells: An update
Authors: Zakaria Zulfirdaus , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Wahid Khairul Anwar Abd
Published: November 2022

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer a high degree of design flexibility, ranging from a single cell to a massive multi‐cell that can be used in various applications, including portable devices, transportation, and stationary applications. Unfortunately, the most significant barrier to the commercialization of DEFCs is getting low‐cost and ethanol permeability, high conductivity performance, and extended durability of polymer electrolyte membranes, as key components that highly influence the overall performance. In this paper, the recent progress in developing the polymer electrolyte membrane for the application of DEFCs has been comprehensively reviewed. Focusing on an updated modification of polymeric materials in the last 5 years, including Nafion‐based membrane, polyvinyl alcohol‐based membrane, polybenzimidazoles‐based membrane, chitosan‐based membrane, and sodium alginate‐based membrane, as well as factors and challenges that affected the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes have been discussed, including the main characterization, catalyst selection, cell design, and work in membrane and cell performance of DEFCs. All discussion addresses the strategy to improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes in DEFCs in order to penetrate the commercialization stages.
Study on plasma‐modified corn stover‐humic acid‐based superabsorbent resin
Authors: Liang Lanlan , Guo Yani , Wang Haoyu , Liao Zi , Zhang Jiahui , Wei Lijie , Hou Kang
Published: November 2022

This research aimed to prepare superabsorbent resin from agro‐mining waste, which is important for sustainable development and practical application in agriculture and forestry. Corn stover (CS), humic acid (HA), acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AM) were used as raw materials to produce CS–HA‐based superabsorbent resin (p‐CS‐HA‐PAA) by plasma modification, and the optimum modification conditions were obtained. The superabsorbent resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. The adsorption characteristics of the superabsorbent resin were analyzed by kinetic model fitting, and the performances were tested. The results showed that the water absorption capacity could reach 1106.9 g/g under the following optimal process conditions: a discharge time of 180 s, a discharge power of 40 W, and a discharge pressure of 20 Pa. The characterization confirmed that plasma modification could make the surface of the superabsorbent resin rougher, produce more and larger pores, and introduce more hydrophilic groups. The p‐CS‐HA‐PAA conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation and non‐Fickian intradiffusion process in aqueous solution. The chemical resistance, repeated liquid absorption, and water retention properties of the modified resin were better than those of the unmodified resin, which provided a viable way for industrial and agricultural applications.
A large‐scale targeted proteomics of plasma extracellular vesicles shows utility for prognosis prediction subtyping in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kasahara Keiko , Narumi Ryohei , Nagayama Satoshi , Masuda Keiko , Esaki Tsuyoshi , Obama Kazutaka , Tomonaga Takeshi , Sakai Yoshiharu , Shimizu Yoshihiro , Adachi Jun
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The pathogenesis of cancers depends on the molecular background of each individual patient. Therefore, verifying as many biomarkers as possible and clarifying their relationships with each disease status would be very valuable. We performed a large‐scale targeted proteomics analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may affect tumor progression and/or therapeutic resistance.

Experimental design

Plasma EVs from 59 were collected patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 59 healthy controls (HC) in cohort 1, and 150 patients with CRC in cohort 2 for the large‐scale targeted proteomics analysis of 457 proteins as candidate CRC markers. The Mann–Whitney‐Wilcoxon test and random forest model were applied in cohort 1 to select promising markers. Consensus clustering was applied to classify patients with CRC in cohort 2. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify potential molecular factors contributing to the overall survival (OS) of patients.

Results

In the analysis of cohort 1, 99 proteins were associated with CRC. The analysis of cohort 2 revealed two clusters showing significant differences in OS (p = 0.017). Twelve proteins, including alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), were suggested to be associated with the identified CRC subtypes, and ORM1 was shown to significantly contribute to OS, suggesting that ORM1 might be one of the factors closely related to the OS.

Conclusions

The study identified two novel subtypes of CRC, which exhibit differences in OS, as well as important biomarker proteins that are closely related to the identified subtypes. Liquid biopsy assessment with targeted proteomics analysis was proposed to be crucial for predicting the CRC prognosis.
Monitoring Gut Epithelium Serotonin and Melatonin Overflow Provides Spatial Mapping of Inflammation
Authors: Perez Fernando , Kotecha Nikki , Lavoie Brigitte , Mawe Gary M. , Patel Bhavik Anil
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical arrays were used to measure the overflow of serotonin (5‐HT) and melatonin (MEL) from the entire colon of healthy mice and mice with chemical‐induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to understand the interplay between inflammation and colonic function. We show that 5‐HT overflow is increased, whilst MEL levels are reduced, in inflamed tissues. The levels of MEL are increased at the interface between healthy and inflamed regions within the colon and may limit the spread of inflammation. Understanding the interplay between inflammation and mucosal epithelial signalling can provide key insight into colonic function and aid the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
Metal Complexes for Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Mandal Arif Ali , Kushwaha Rajesh , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Banerjee Samya
Published: November 2022

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for cancer treatment is gaining attention owing to its non‐invasive property and ultrasound‘s (US) deep tissue penetration ability. In SDT, US activates the sonosensitizer at the target deep‐seated tumors to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately damage tumors. However, drawbacks such as insufficient ROS production, aggregation of sonosensitizer, off‐target side effects, etc., of the current organic/nanomaterial‐based sonosensitizers limit the effectiveness of cancer SDT. Very recently, metal complexes with tunable physiochemical properties (such as sonostability, HOMO to LUMO energy gap, ROS generation ability, aqueous solubility, emission, etc.) have been devised as effective sonosensitizers, which could overcome the limitations of organic/nanomaterial‐based sonosensitizers. This concept introduces all the reported metal‐based sonosensitizers and delineates the prospects of metal complexes in cancer sonodynamic therapy. This new concept of metal‐based sonosensitizer can deliver next‐generation cancer drugs.
Flow‐Chemistry‐Enabled Synthesis of 5‐Diethylboryl‐2,3′‐bipyridine and Its Self‐Assembly Dynamics
Authors: Wakabayashi Shigeharu , Takumi Masahiro , Kamio Shintaro , Wakioka Masayuki , Ohki Yasuhiro , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: November 2022

5‐Diethylboryl‐2,3′‐bipyridine (1), which is inaccessible by conventional batch methods, was synthesized by using a flow microreactor. Compound 1 was obtained as an equilibrium mixture of a cyclic trimer and a cyclic tetramer in solution, the latter of which was crystallized in benzene by vapor diffusion of hexane at 7 °C. The dynamic nature of this system was confirmed by solvent‐ and concentration‐dependent experiments. Notably, the dynamics was verified by using flow NMR spectroscopy, which revealed that the time required to reach equilibrium was influenced by the solvent ratio (<18 s, 24–28 s, and 34–42 s in 2 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2 mixtures of [D6]acetone and C6D6, respectively). Compound 1 and 3‐[4′‐(diethylboryl)phenyl]pyridine (2) exhibited different self‐assembly behavior in solution and crystals. Density functional theory calculations suggested that this difference was largely due to enhanced planarity between two consecutive aromatic rings.
Combination of Deauville score and quantitative positron emission tomography parameters as a predictive tool of anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell efficacy
Authors: Guidetti Anna , Dodero Anna , Lorenzoni Alice , Pizzamiglio Sara , Argiroffi Giovanni , Chiappella Annalisa , Bagnoli Filippo , Marasco Vincenzo , Carniti Cristiana , Monfrini Chiara , Seregni Ettore , Pennisi Martina , Verderio Paolo , Alessi Alessandra , Corradini Paolo
Published: November 2022

Background

Autologous anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an effective treatment for approximately 40% of relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphomas (LBCL), and early identification of patients at risk for relapse or progression after CAR T‐cell therapy represents a clinical need.

Methods

The authors conducted a single‐center prospective study on 47 relapsed/refractory LBCL receiving CAR T‐cell therapy to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline and after infusion 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)‐computed tomography. Qualitative and quantitative metabolic parameters were evaluated before lymphodepletion, at day 30 and 90 post‐infusion.

Results

Deep variation of standardized uptake value (SUV)mean between baseline and day 30 correlated with response at day 90 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.2); p = .04) and better progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.97); p = .04). In the overall population, 1‐year PFS was 63% for Deauville score (DS)1–3 and 39% for DS4–5 patients, respectively (p = .02), however, the prognostic role of DS was lost when survivals are analyzed by considering 38 patients not progressing at 30 days. In these patients, in partial response or stable disease, the combination of DS and variation of SUVmean allowed identification of three groups with different prognosis: patients with DS1–3 and those with DS4–5 and decreased SUVmean had similar 1‐year PFS of 62% and 61%, whereas patients with DS4–5 and increased SUVmean had a poorer 1‐year PFS of 33% (p = .04).

Conclusions

PET parameters and association of DS and variation of SUVmean at 30 days could help in identify patients at high risk of CAR T‐cell failure.

Lay summary

This is a single‐center prospective study on 47 lymphoma patients receiving commercial chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline and after infusion 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Among patients in partial remission or stable disease at day 30, the authors observed two subgroups with significantly different prognosis; patients with Deauville score (DS)4–5 and a concomitant reduction of standardized uptake value (SUV)mean had higher probability of long‐lasting response than those with DS4–5 and an increase of SUVmean.
Efficient Interrogation of the Kinetic Barriers Demarcating Catalytic States of a Tyrosine Kinase with Optimal Physical Descriptors and Mixture Models
Authors: Dutta Pallab , Sengupta Neelanjana
Published: November 2022

Computer simulations are increasingly used to access thermo‐kinetic information underlying structural transformation of protein kinases. Such information are necessary to probe their roles in disease progression and interactions with drug targets. However, the investigations are frequently challenged by forbiddingly high computational expense, and by the lack of standard protocols for the design of low dimensional physical descriptors that encode system features important for transitions. Here, we consider the demarcating characteristics of the different states of Abelson tyrosine kinase associated with distinct catalytic activity to construct a set of physically meaningful, orthogonal collective variables that preserve the slow modes of the system. Independent sampling of each metastable state is followed by the estimation of global partition function along the appropriate physical descriptors using the modified Expectation Maximized Molecular Dynamics method. The resultant free energy barriers are in excellent agreement with experimentally known rate‐limiting dynamics and activation energy computed with conventional enhanced sampling methods. We discuss possible directions for further development and applications.
Enhanced Energy Storage Properties of Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 Modified Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Xia Zhichao , Pan Yongqi , Chen Yi , Xu Zunping
Published: November 2022

Lead‐free (1–x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3–xBi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 ((1–x)BST–xBMZ, x = 0–0.15) ceramics are synthesized via citrate combustion process. The grain size is reduced and slimmer hysteresis loops are realized as addition of BMZ. (1–x)BST–xBMZ ceramics exhibit typical relaxor characteristics as x increases. The recoverable energy storage density (Wre = 2.1 J cm−3) and efficiency (η = 88%) are obtained for 0.9BST‐0.1BMZ sample. The energy storage properties of 0.9BST‐0.1BMZ ceramic show excellent frequency stability (Wre varies 4.5% and η varies 1.8% at 5–100 Hz). Moreover, as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 100 °C, the variation of Wre is 7.1% and η keeps unchanged (88%) at 100 kV cm−1.
Class‐F power oscillator based on complementary split ring resonator for sub‐6 GHz fifth generation and multistandard applications
Authors: Mansour Marwa , Mansour Islam , Aboualalaa Mohamed
Published: November 2022

A coupled complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR) has been proposed. The proposed resonator consists of two coupled 50‐Ω transmission lines and complementary split rings in the ground plane (bottom layer) as defected ground structure (DGS). The proposed bandpass filter (BPF) has a measured stopband attenuation loss of less than −20 dB in the frequency band between 2.3 and 2.9 GHz and a low insertion loss of 1.15 dB. The measurement is carried by a VNA (vector network analyzer) meter of model ZVA67. Then, the proposed resonator (BPF) is utilized with an active device (SiGe BFP 640) as an output matching network of a class‐F oscillator. Fundamentally, this research aims to design and model an optimum achievement of BPF for optimum oscillator performance. The design simulation of the CSRR oscillator has been obtained by ADS and CST programs. The proposed band pass filter is designed and fabricated on a Rogers (RO4003C) micro‐strip material printed with a dielectric constant epsilon of 3.38 and a thickness of 0.813 mm. Depending on this study, the oscillator displays a minimum phase noise of −109.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency and maximum dBm output power equals 13.4 dBm at 2.45 GHz oscillation frequency. The power dispassion of the proposed oscillator equals 8.3 mW from a 2 V supply voltage. The obtained maximum dBm output power and minimum phase noise is a benefit for power charger wireless applications, sub‐6 GHz fifth generation applications, and multistandard applications.
Evaluating the impact of COVID‐19 on severity at admission and response to inpatient treatment for adult and adolescent patients with eating disorders
Authors: Schreyer Colleen C. , Vanzhula Irina A. , Guarda Angela S.
Published: November 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with increased hospitalization rates and worsened symptom severity in patients with eating disorders (ED), but most studies focused exclusively on adolescents. Further, research evaluating the impact of COVID‐19 on response to inpatient treatment for ED is limited. This study aimed to compare demographic characteristics, symptom severity at admission, and discharge outcomes for adult and adolescent inpatients with EDs admitted before and after onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We expected the post‐COVID cohort would report elevated symptomatology and poorer response to treatment compared to the pre‐COVID cohort and that this effect would be amplified for adolescents.

Method

Patients were consecutively hospitalized adults and adolescents treated in a specialized behavioral integrated inpatient‐partial hospitalization program for eating disorders between March 2018 and March 2022 (N = 261).

Results

The effect of COVID‐19 on symptomatology was moderated by age group such that adolescents in the post‐COVID cohort, but not adults, reported higher levels of eating disorder and depressive symptoms compared to the pre‐COVID cohort. No group differences were observed for discharge outcomes (rate of weight gain, length of stay, or percent target weight).

Discussion

Findings with respect to elevated symptomatology in adolescents but not adults may reflect the particularly negative impact of social isolation on adolescents. Future research is needed to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on long‐term treatment outcomes including relapse at 1‐year, as well as the potential impact of COVID‐19 on treatment availability for chronically ill adults or those with public insurance.

Public Significance

Patients with eating disorders (ED) admitted to a specialty inpatient program after the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic were younger and more likely to be male than those admitted pre‐pandemic. Adolescents admitted post‐COVID, but not adults, reported elevated ED and depressive symptoms compared to the pre‐COVID cohort. Group differences were not observed for treatment response. Future research should evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 on relapse risk in EDs.
Thermal and combustion behaviors of aluminum/manganese dioxide/fluoroelastomer terpolymer nanothermite
Authors: Song Jiaxing , Duan Fei , Chen Jialin , Wang Guannan , Tian Quanwei , Feng Jingkai
Published: November 2022

Fluoroelastomer has received increasing attention for energetic materials application due to its high fluorine contents. Different contents (0 wt%–30 wt%) of poly(VDF‐ter‐HFP‐ter‐TFE) terpolymer are added into Al/MnO2 nanothermite. The peak exothermic temperature of thermite reaction for Al/MnO2 system is about 554°C with 1070 Jg−1 heat release. After adding terpolymer, it mainly exists in the gap among Al nanoparticles and MnO2 nanorods, and react with Al and MnO2 at the range of 350 to 540°C before the occurrence of the thermite reaction. 10 wt% terpolymer has relatively little effect on the thermite reaction, but for the samples with higher terpolymer content, more nanothermite components react with terpolymer at an early stage. Ignition and combustion performance show terpolymer can reduce ignition current threshold by up to 9.82% and increase combustion duration time at least several times. The potential reasons for the above results are analyzed. This work can shed light on the application of fluoroelastomer in energetic‐materials.
Effects of glycerol and sorbitol on a novel biodegradable edible film based on Malva sylvestris flower gum
Authors: Jaderi Zeinab , Tabatabaee Yazdi Fardieh , Mortazavi Seyed Ali , Koocheki Arash
Published: November 2022

There has been an increasing interest in the investigation of novel eco‐friendly packaging materials. An edible film based on Malva sylvestris flower gum was fabricated with 40%, 50%, and 60% glycerol and sorbitol using casting method. FTIR analysis was applied to identify the functional groups of films with different concentrations of plasticizers. The lightness of the samples did not affect upon increasing the sorbitol and glycerol; nevertheless, the samples tended to be green and yellow. SEM images indicated that glycerol‐based films enjoy heterogeneous and porous surfaces compared to the sorbitol‐based samples. Although Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus characteristics declined considerably (p < .05) upon plasticizer addition, elongation at break increased by more than 10% in glycerol‐based samples. A significant (p < .05) decrement was observed in the density of film strips via the addition of glycerol and sorbitol. Moisture content of films incorporated with both plasticizers saw a considerable improvement (p < .05) upon increasing the plasticizer concentration from 40% to 60% and is ascribed to the water‐holding capacity of plasticizers. Water contact angle and water solubility increased via plasticizer supplementation, which is attributed to the hydrophilic characteristic of glycerol and sorbitol, are in line with SEM analysis.
Letter to the Editor regarding “Salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers: Proposal for a prognostic model based on clinicopathologic and treatment‐related parameters”
Authors: Cantù Giulio
Published: November 2022

see page 537‐539
Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Akbas Ece , Unal Fatma , Yuzbasioglu Deniz
Published: November 2022

Contrast agents have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiological method. Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs), because of their paramagnetic characteristics, are the ones mostly used in MRI to increase signal intensity. However, the use of contrast media has raised concerns on cellular toxic risks of these agents. Studies showed the accumulation of gadolinium after injection to humans with or without renal impairment. Also, there are findings obtained under in vitro and/or in vivo conditions that revealed conflicting results for their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Some of them declared damage in cells and genetic material; some others did not. Abnormal cell growth and genetic aberration are critical because they may lead to carcinogenesis in somatic cells or may be transferred to the next generations through germ cells. Therefore, understanding the effect of GBCAs on cells is important for their safer usage in clinical administrations to generate high‐quality contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images. Because of all these reasons, cellular toxicities—mainly genotoxic and cytotoxic effects—of GBCAs were reviewed in this paper.
Influence of Calcineurin Inhibitors and Genetic Polymorphism of Transporters on Enterohepatic Circulation and Exposure of Mycophenolic Acid in Chinese Adult Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Sun Sha‐Sha , Shao Kun , Lu Jia‐Qian , An Hui‐Min , Shi Hao‐Qiang , Zhou Pei‐Jun , Chen Bing
Published: November 2022

There is significant enterohepatic circulation (EHC) during the disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA). The aim of this study was to elucidate factors influencing the EHC of MPA in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients. After 2 weeks of therapy with mycophenolate mofetil or enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium, blood samples were collected from 125 patients at 0 to 12 hours post‐administration and MPA concentrations were determined. The influence of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and genetic polymorphisms on MPA exposure and EHC was studied. The Shapley additive explanations method was used to estimate the impact of various factors on the area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC0–12h) for MPA. An extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) machine learning‐based model was established to predict AUC0–12h. Results showed that the dose‐normalized AUC6–12h (dn‐AUC6–12h) of MPA was significantly lower in patients co‐administered with cyclosporine (CsA) than in patients co‐administered with tacrolimus (TAC) (P < .05). For patients co‐administered with TAC, patients with ABCC2 C‐24T CC or SLCO1B1 T521C TT genotypes had significantly higher values of dn‐AUC6‐12h (P < .05). Patients with SLCO1B3 334T/699G alleles had significantly lower dn‐AUC6–12h values than homozygotes (P < .05). By introducing body weight, age, and EHC‐related factors, including co‐administered CNIs and genetic polymorphism of drug transporters, as covariates in the XGboost machine learning model, the prediction performance of AUC0–12h for MPA in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients can be improved.
Investigation of Photocatalyst Composites for Pollutant Degradation in a Microslit Reactor Utilizing High Throughput Screening Techniques
Authors: Engelhardt Tony B. , Schmitz‐Stöwe Sabine , Schwarz Thomas , Stöwe Klaus
Published: November 2022

The high‐throughput screening investigations on TiO2 based photocatalyst composites presented here have been carried out in a 60‐fold parallel photoreactor. Additional catalyst testing was performed in a microslit reactor system with immobilized catalysts. For further enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 (P25), composites of P25 and, for example, Bi2O3, CeO2, g‐C3N4, WO3 or ZnO were formulated in different nominal molar ratios. The catalysts' performances were assessed by their conversion of 17α‐ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in aqueous solutions, determined by LC–MS. Findings show rapid EE2 conversions in short residence times. The extensive testing of catalysts led to the conclusion that the photocatalytic conversion is rather a function of residence time than a function of the materials utilized. This makes adequate process development seem more important than material development. The novelty of this contribution lies in the unique combination of testing a wide range of composite catalysts in a unique microreactor geometry.
Busulfan, fludarabine, and melphalan are effective conditioning for pediatric and young adult patients with myeloid malignancies underdoing matched sibling or alternative donor transplantation
Authors: Truscott Laurel , Pariury Holly , Hanmod Santosh , Davini Monica , de la Maza Michelina , Sapp Lauren N. , Staples Kyleigh , Proytcheva Maria , Katsanis Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Background

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) remains a curative option for patients with high‐risk myeloid malignancies.

Procedure

We present our 10‐year experience (October 2012 to October 2021) of consecutive allo‐HCT in patients with myeloid malignancies treated on the pediatric HCT service and conditioned with myeloablative targeted dose—busulfan (BU), fludarabine (FLU), and melphalan (MEL). Twenty‐three children, adolescents, and young adult patients (CAYA) (median age 15.4 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 17), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 4), or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 2) underwent allo‐HCT post‐BU‐FLU‐MEL. Four patients had treatment‐related AML/MDS. Donor/stem cell source was matched sibling donor (MSD) PBSC (n = 7), matched unrelated donor (MUD) PBSC (n = 2), umbilical cord blood (UCB) (n = 3), or haploidentical‐BMT (n = 11). Risk stratification was low (n = 2), intermediate (n = 15), high (n = 3), and very high risk (n = 1). The two patients with CML had failed tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 41.6 months, the relapse rate is only 4.5% with an overall survival (OS) 100%, progression‐free survival (PFS) 95.5%, and graft‐versus‐host‐free‐relapse‐free survival (GRFS) 67.8%. The donor source and the acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis regimen significantly impacted grade II–IV aGvHD 66.7% versus 19.2% (p = .039) and chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (cGvHD) 66.7% versus 0% (p = .002) in the patients receiving MSD or MUD PBSC compared to haplo‐BMT, respectively, resulting in improved GRFS in haplo‐BMT, 83.3% compared to 40% matched donor peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) (p = .025).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that BU‐FLU‐MEL is efficacious conditioning for disease control in young patients with myeloid malignancies undergoing MSD or alternative donor allo‐HCT, but in the setting of PBSC grafts with cyclosporine A‐methotrexate (CSA‐MTX) GvHD prophylaxis, it results in an unacceptably high incidence of GvHD.
Multiconformer transition state theory rate constant and branching ratios for the OH‐initiated reaction of CH3OCF2CHF2 and its primary product, HC(O)OCF2CHF2
Authors: Viegas Luís P.
Published: November 2022

Obtaining rate constants and branching ratios for the atmospheric degradation of organic compounds is crucial for their environmental assessment and for a deeper understanding of their atmospheric chemistry and reactivity. The theoretical prediction of such quantities is a challenging endeavor that grows with conformational complexity. In this work, we have theoretically calculated the rate constants and branching ratios for the tropospheric OH‐initiated oxidation reactions of the
hydrofluoroether and its primary product, the
fluorinated ester. The calculations were performed with a cost‐effective multiconformer transition state theory protocol employing the recently developed constrained transition state randomization method. The calculated
rate constant lies within the error bars of the recommended experimental value, while the calculated rate coefficient of
represents, to our knowledge, the first determination of this reaction's rate constant. The results provide new insight and elucidate the main mechanistic issues discussed in recent experimental work while they also encourage the use of this protocol in investigations of the tropospheric reactivity of other fluorinated organic compounds.
Difficulty in central venous catheter placement due to congenital partial anomalous pulmonary venous return: A case report
Authors: Ye Ruiling , Jiang Zhengying
Published: November 2022

Congenital partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is rare and present in 0.04%–0.7% of the population. This may pose a significant problem for clinicians performing internal jugular venous catheter placement. This report depicts an abnormal internal jugular venous catheter placement due to a PAPVR to help physicians recognize and deal with variant pulmonary veins.
Surface analysis insight note: Differentiation methods applicable to noisy data for determination of sp2‐ versus sp3‐hybridization of carbon allotropes and AES signal strengths
Authors: Fairley Neal , Compagnini Giuseppe , Scardaci Vittorio , Baltrus John , Roberts Adam , Barlow Anders , Cumpson Peter , Baltrusaitis Jonas
Published: November 2022

The derivatives of the spectra are commonly used for quantification in Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) spectra, while the derivative of the KLL C Auger line has proven to be valuable in obtaining a measure of the relative proportions of sp2‐ and sp3‐hybridization using the D‐parameter in both AES and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Differentiation of X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) spectra by numerical means is presented and illustrated for polymeric, such as PEEK and Nylon, as well as for graphitic materials including highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and graphene oxide. The most commonly available Savitzky–Golay method is explained mathematically and developed through the case of constructing a 5‐point quadratic polynomial convolution kernel suitable for differentiating spectra of adequate signal to noise. The concept of differentiation of spectra where signal to noise is less than adequate is also developed. Two alternative strategies to Savitzky–Golay differentiation are presented, which fit curves to data that allow derivatives to be obtained where Savitzky–Golay would otherwise fail. These alternative methods involve constructing a parametric curve that fits data over the entire energy interval of interest. Derivatives of spectra are then obtained by differentiating these parametric curves directly. A comparison of results for different materials for which specific sp2‐ vs sp3‐hybridized carbon proportions are of interest is used to emphasize the importance of characterizing methods used to differentiate spectra and understanding the characteristics of instrumentation used to measure spectra. The case for using Principal Component Analysis noise reduction with C KLL spectra is made for spectra collected from a heterogeneous graphene oxide sample.
Breathing‐Driven Self‐Powered Pyroelectric ZnO Integrated Face Mask for Bioprotection
Authors: Kim Moon‐Ju , Song Zhiquan , Lee Chang Kyu , Yun Tae Gyeong , Noh Joo‐Yoon , Park Mi‐Kyung , Yong Dongeun , Kang Min‐Jung , Pyun Jae‐Chul
Published: November 2022

Rapid spread of infectious diseases is a global threat and has an adverse impact on human health, livelihood, and economic stability, as manifested in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Even though people wear a face mask as protective equipment, direct disinfection of the pathogens is barely feasible, which thereby urges the development of biocidal agents. Meanwhile, repetitive respiration generates temperature variation wherein the heat is regrettably wasted. Herein, a biocidal ZnO nanorod‐modified paper (ZNR‐paper) composite that is 1) integrated on a face mask, 2) harvests waste breathing‐driven thermal energy, 3) facilitates the pyrocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately 4) exhibits antibacterial and antiviral performance is proposed. Furthermore, in situ generated compressive/tensile strain of the composite by being attached to a curved mask is investigated for high pyroelectricity. The anisotropic ZNR distortion in the bent composite is verified with changes in ZnO bond lengths and OZnO bond angles in a ZnO4 tetrahedron, resulting in an increased polarization state and possibly contributing to the following pyroelectricity. The enhanced pyroelectric behavior is demonstrated by efficient ROS production and notable bioprotection. This study exploring the pre‐strain effect on the pyroelectricity of ZNR‐paper might provide new insights into the piezo‐/pyroelectric material‐based applications.
Phthalate derivative DEHP disturbs the antiproliferative effect of camptothecin in human lung cancer cells by attenuating DNA damage and activating Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Urade Ritesh , Chou Chon‐Kit , Chou Han‐Lin , Chen Bing‐Hung , Wang Tsu‐Nai , Tsai Eing‐Mei , Hung Chun‐Tzu , Wu Shyh‐Jong , Chiu Chien‐Chih
Published: November 2022

Plasticizers/phthalates play a facilitating role in the development of cancer and help the tumor to grow and metastasize. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are known to have anticancer properties of inhibiting cell growth, promoting cell apoptosis, and increasing autophagy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the presence of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) could hinder apoptosis and autophagy caused by CPT in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that DEHP interferes with CPT‐induced apoptosis and autophagy and increases the prosurvival pathway by reducing the DNA damage marker γ‐H2AX and activating the Akt and NF‐κB pathways. Furthermore, we also confirmed that combining DEHP with 3‐MA has additive effects in inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings show that DEHP could affect CPT‐induced anticancer treatment and provide evidence to show that DEHP induces chemoresistance in CPT‐based chemotherapy.
Dramatis Personae: ABC Rules
Authors: Lackner Martin , Skowron Piotr
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we define the basic ingredients of approval-based committee (ABC) voting: candidates, voters, preferences, and committees. Most importantly, we present the main characters of this book: ABC voting rules.
Algorithms and Computational Complexity
Authors: Lackner Martin , Skowron Piotr
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we discuss computational problems related to ABC rules and algorithms that solve these problems. We start by discussing the computational complexity of ABC rules. As many ABC rules are computationally difficult, a thorough algorithmic analysis is paramount to a practical application of these rules.
Outlook and Research Directions
Authors: Lackner Martin , Skowron Piotr
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, we provide a list of what we view as particularly important open problems and research directions. For instance, axiomatic characterisations of many ABC rules are missing, the compatibility of committee monotonicity and proportionality is not known, and many questions regarding the core property remain unanswered.
Integrating Positive Psychology and the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality: Transcending Coexistence to Potentiate Coevolution
Authors: Davis Edward B. , Worthington Everett L. , Schnitker Sarah A. , Glowiak Kevin J. , Lemke Austin W. , Hamilton Chase
Published: November 2022

This chapter sets the stage for the Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. First, we examine the cumulative growth of the positive psychology and psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S) fields, including their degree of existing overlap and their typical publication outlets. Next, we discuss why enhanced integration of these fields would be mutually beneficial and would potentiate their coevolution toward greater scientific and societal impact. Then we acknowledge potential barriers to the integration of these fields and offer recommendations for transcending those barriers. Finally, we preview the organization of this handbook and make suggestions to guide reading it.
Positive Psychology and Judaism
Authors: Schiffman Mark , Cherniak Aaron , Schnall Eliezer , Brooks Suzanne , Pirutinsky Steven , Shabtai Devora
Published: November 2022

Many core tenets of positive psychology and the psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S) are essential concepts within the rich literature and culture of the Jewish tradition. Judaism, with its long history of texts, traditions, and practices, can substantively contribute to the developing field of positive psychology. In this chapter, we explore happiness, character, and spirituality within a Judaic framework, opening opportunities for integrative theory, research, and clinical practice. From a theoretical standpoint, these Judaic models provide useful ways of conceptualizing positive psychology constructs. On a pragmatic level, researchers and practitioners can utilize these ideas in their work with the Jewish population, enhancing their efficacy and cultural competence. The chapter includes a general description of Jewish tradition and relevant demographics for context and then summarizes the theory, research, and practice of happiness, character, and spirituality, noting practical suggestions and future directions.
The Scientific Study of Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and Mental Health
Authors: Shafranske Edward P.
Published: November 2022

In the past 20 years, over 11,000 published articles have examined the relationship between religion and spirituality (R/S) and mental health. This chapter summarizes that literature, drawing on recent meta-analyses and narrative reviews while focusing on mood, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. Complex associations exist between R/S and mental health, with the preponderance of the research suggesting generally modest, positive effects. The impacts of religious/spiritual involvement, meaning making, religious coping, and spiritual struggles are considered. Following this review, the psychological processes in R/S are examined from the perspective of positive psychology. The interrelated contributions of positive emotion, virtues, and meaning making are identified as essential aspects of R/S that promote well-being and are associated with mental health. Commonalities between religion and spirituality are found in their capacities to evoke positive emotions, support meaning making, and foster the cultivation of virtues. The intersections between secular (positive psychology) and sacred (religious/spiritual) pathways to mental health are highlighted, an integrative conceptual model is proposed, and recommendations for future research are offered.