bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geografia do comércio internacional, exportações e transportes de commodities agrícolas no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Luiz Andrei Gonçalves , Oliveira Igor Martins de
Published: May 2019

O comércio global de commodities agrícolas busca atender as demandas de agentes econômicos que atuam na produção, no processamento e/ou na comercialização de produtos agroindustrializados, agroalimentares e agroenergéticos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, na perspectiva da Geografia do Comércio Internacional, a configuração da política de exportações e da utilização dos meios de transportes na movimentação de commodities agrícolas brasileiras destinadas aos mercados globais, no período de 1997 a 2017. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram a revisão bibliográfica, a coleta e a análise de dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Comex Stat. As commodities agrícolas (in natura e processadas) foram exportadas para os mercados internacionais e concentraram os fluxos nos transportes terrestres nacionais, nos portos e no transporte marítimo.
De agrovila a nó logístico do agronegócio na Amazônia: o caso de Miritituba, Itaituba, Pará
Authors: Benassuly Barros Márcio Júnior
Published: May 2019

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas e coorporativas de logística do agronegócio da soja para viabilizar a exportação de commodity agrícola pelos portos do Arco Norte, com ênfase para o distrito de Miritituba, Itaituba, Pará e seus reflexos no lugar, face à implantação de Estações de Transbordo de Cargas (ECT) em Miritituba. Com o avanço do asfaltamento da rodovia Cuiabá - Santarém e da aprovação da lei 12.815\2013 (lei de portos), a partir de 2014 começa a instalação de ETC na localidade transformando o pequeno povoado, localizado a margem direita do rio Tapajós em um importante nó logístico estrada-rio do agronegócio na Amazônia no atual período histórico.
Alimentos tradicionais enquanto estratégia de soberania alimentar: o caso do município de Baturité – Ceará – Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Lima Anna Erika , Feuga Rafaela Maria Temóteo Lima , De Medeiros Márcia Maria Leal , Sampaio José Levi Furtado
Published: May 2019

Um povo para ser livre precisa ser soberano, sendo que essa soberania perpassa pela alimentação. É sobre esta temática que a pesquisa estabeleceu um levantamento de estratégias de soberania alimentar organizadas, especificamente, no Município de Baturité - Ceará. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas com representações de movimentos sociais e da sociedade civil. A metodologia etnográfica possibilitou que fossem levantadas estratégias como: casas de semente, quintais produtivos, feiras agroecológicas, PAA, bem como a identificação de quatro alimentos tradicionais reconhecidos pela população. São eles: 1º doce de banana em pasta; 2º bolo pé de moleque; 3º baião de dois de fava e 4ª pirão de Fava. Definiu-se o doce de banana em pasta, devido sua colocação no rol das respostas; onde durante 1 mês ocorreu a aplicação de testes de aceitabilidade junto à 100 crianças. Na avaliação, 69% das crianças relataram “gostei extremamente” o que demonstrou que o doce foi aceito positivamente, demonstrando viabilidade para uma possível inserção na merenda escolar, contribuindo para a redução do desperdício do fruto e para valorização da agricultura local.
Using Occupational Justice as a Linchpin of International Educational Collaborations
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , Peters Liesl
Published: May 2019

When designing international educational collaborations, occupational science and occupational therapy educators must consider how occupational justice can be a linchpin for students’ learning. This article describes an international collaboration involving 52 undergraduate occupational science students in the United States and 41 undergraduate occupational therapy students in South Africa. The students participated in six synchronous video conferences in 2016, during which they gave group presentations about four occupational science constructs and engaged in general question-and-answer sessions. Forty percent of the students provided feedback about the interactions using a six-item open-ended electronic questionnaire, which we analyzed using directed content analysis. Our findings suggest that the collaboration helped the students develop more nuanced understandings of disciplinary constructs, international peers, and themselves, providing a platform from which to engage with the big idea of occupational justice. Refinements to this collaboration are aimed at drawing on students’ increased critical consciousness to further develop their knowledge about occupational justice.
Single-particle experiments measuring humidity and inorganic salt effects on gas-particle partitioning of butenedial
Authors: Birdsall Adam W. , Hensley Jack C. , Kotowitz Paige S. , Huisman Andrew J. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. An improved understanding of the fate and properties of atmospheric aerosol particles requires a detailed process-level understanding of fundamental factors influencing the aerosol, including partitioning of aerosol components between the gas and particle phases. Laboratory experiments with levitated particles provide a way to study fundamental aerosol processes over timescales relevant to the multiday lifetime of atmospheric aerosol particles, in a controlled environment in which various characteristics relevant to atmospheric aerosol can be prepared (e.g., high surface-to-volume ratio, highly concentrated or supersaturated solutions, changes to relative humidity). In this study, the four-carbon unsaturated compound butenedial, a dialdehyde produced by oxidation of aromatic compounds that undergoes hydration in the presence of water, was used as a model organic aerosol component to investigate different factors affecting gas–particle partitioning, including the role of lower-volatility reservoir species such as hydrates, time scales involved in equilibration between higher- and lower-volatility forms, and the effect of inorganic salts. The experimental approach was to use a laboratory system coupling particle levitation in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) with particle composition measurement via mass spectrometry (MS). In particular, by fitting measured evaporation rates to a kinetic model, the effective vapor pressure was determined for butenedial and compared under different experimental conditions, including as a function of ambient relative humidity and presence of high concentrations of inorganic salts. Even under dry (RH < 5 %) conditions, the evaporation rate of butenedial is orders of magnitude lower than what would be expected if butenedial existed purely as a dialdehyde in the particle, implying an equilibrium strongly favoring hydrated forms and the strong preference of certain dialdehyde compounds to remain in a hydrated form even under lower water content conditions. Butenedial exhibits a salting-out effect in the presence of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, in contrast to glyoxal. The outcomes of these experiments are also helpful in guiding the design of future EDB-MS experiments.
A segmentation algorithm for characterizing rise and fall segments in seasonal cycles: an application to XCO2 to estimate benchmarks and assess model bias
Authors: Calle Leonardo , Poulter Benjamin , Patra Prabir K.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. There is more useful information in the time series of satellite-derived
column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2) than is typically
characterized. Often, the entire time series is treated at once without
considering detailed features at shorter timescales, such as nonstationary
changes in signal characteristics – amplitude, period and phase. In many
instances, signals are visually and analytically differentiable from other
portions in a time series. Each rise (increasing) and
fall (decreasing) segment in the seasonal cycle is visually
discernable in a graph of the time series. The rise and fall segments largely
result from seasonal differences in terrestrial ecosystem production, which
means that the segment's signal characteristics can be used to establish
observational benchmarks because the signal characteristics are driven by
similar underlying processes. We developed an analytical segmentation
algorithm to characterize the rise and fall segments in XCO2 seasonal
cycles. We present the algorithm for general application of the segmentation
analysis and emphasize here that the segmentation analysis is more generally
applicable to cyclic time series. We demonstrate the utility of the algorithm with specific results related to
the comparison between satellite- and model-derived XCO2 seasonal
cycles (2009–2012) for large bioregions across the globe. We found a seasonal
amplitude gradient of 0.74–0.77 ppm for every 10∘ of
latitude in the satellite data, with similar gradients for rise and fall
segments. This translates to a south–north seasonal amplitude gradient of
8 ppm for XCO2, about half the gradient in seasonal amplitude based
on surface site in situ CO2 data (∼19 ppm). The latitudinal
gradients in the period of the satellite-derived seasonal cycles were of opposing
sign and magnitude (−9 d per 10∘ latitude for fall segments and
10 d per 10∘ latitude for rise segments) and suggest that a specific
latitude (∼2∘ N) exists that defines an inversion point for
the period asymmetry. Before (after) the point of asymmetry inversion, the
periods of rise segments are lesser (greater) than the periods of fall
segments; only a single model could reproduce this emergent pattern. The
asymmetry in amplitude and the period between rise and fall segments introduces a
novel pattern in seasonal cycle analyses, but, while we show these emergent
patterns exist in the data, we are still breaking ground in applying the
information for science applications. Maybe the most useful application is
that the segmentation analysis allowed us to decompose the model biases into
their correlated parts of biases in amplitude, period and phase
independently for rise and fall segments. We offer an extended discussion on
how such information about model biases and the emergent patterns in
satellite-derived seasonal cycles can be used to guide future inquiry and
model development.
Preparation of primary standard mixtures for atmospheric oxygen measurements with less than 1 µmol mol−1 uncertainty for oxygen molar fractions
Authors: Aoki Nobuyuki , Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Matsumoto Nobuhiro , Watanabe Takuro , Shimosaka Takuya , Murayama Shohei
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Precise monitoring of changes in atmospheric O2 levels was
implemented by preparing primary standard mixtures with less than
1 µmol mol−1 standard uncertainty for O2 molar fractions. In this
study, these mixtures were crafted in 10 L high-pressure aluminium alloy
cylinders using a gravimetric method in which unknown uncertainty factors
were theoretically determined and subsequently reduced. Molar fractions of
the constituents (CO2, Ar, O2, and N2) in the primary
standard mixtures were mainly resolved using masses of the respective source
gases (CO2, Ar, O2, and N2) that had been filled into the
cylinders. To precisely determine the masses of the source gases, the
difference in mass of the cylinder before and after filling the respective
source gas was calculated by comparison with an almost identical reference
cylinder. Although the masses of the cylinders filled with the source gas with
respect to the reference cylinder tended to deviate in relation to
temperature differences between the source-gas-filled cylinder and
surrounding air, the degree of the deviation could be efficiently reduced by
measuring the two cylinders at the exact same temperature. The standard
uncertainty for the cylinder mass obtained in our weighing system was
determined to be 0.82 mg. The standard uncertainties for the O2 molar
fractions in the primary standard mixtures ranged from 0.7
to 0.8 µmol mol−1. Based on the primary standard
mixtures, the annual average molar fractions of atmospheric O2 and Ar
in 2015 at Hateruma island, Japan, were found to be 209339.1±1.1
and 9334.4±0.7 µmol mol−1,
respectively. The molar fraction for atmospheric Ar was in agreement with
previous reports.
Ventilation dynamics of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Schmidt Henrike , Czeschel Rena , Visbeck Martin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the open ocean occur below the surface in regions of weak ventilation and high biological productivity. Very low levels of dissolved oxygen affect marine life and alter biogeochemical cycles. One of the most intense but least understood OMZs in the world is located in the Arabian Sea in a depth range between 300 to 1000 m. Within the last decades observations suggest a decreasing oxygen trend. Thus, an improved understanding of the crucial processes is necessary for a reliable assessment of the future development of the Arabian Sea OMZ. This study uses a combination of observational data as well as reanalysis velocity fields from the ocean model Hycom (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) to explore the ventilation dynamics of the Arabian Sea OMZ. Our results show that the OMZ features a strong seasonal cycle with regional differences that is correlated with the monsoon system: In the eastern basin, the OMZ is strongest during the winter monsoon with a core thickness of 1000 m depth and oxygen values of less than 5 µmol/kg. Ventilation during that phase is dominated by Persian Gulf water, that clockwise circles the perimeter of the basin and enters the OMZ from the north. During the summer monsoon ventilation from the southeast leads to higher oxygen values indicating a reverse flow along the Indian coast in the intermediate layer compared to the southeastward surface currents. The seasonal cycle in the western basin has the same seasonality as the one in the eastern basin with a core thickness of 900 m during the winter monsoon. The oxygen supply during the summer monsoon is weaker compared to the eastern basin and correlates with the ventilation of Persian Gulf (Red Sea) water during the summer monsoon (autumn inter-monsoon) phase. As the interior exchange between the eastern and western basin is weak, the more pronounced OMZ in the eastern basin is explained by prolonged ventilation time scales. For the eastern (western) basin Persian Gulf water needs 2–3 (1–2) years and Red Sea water 7–8 (3–4) years to ventilate the OMZ.
Pesquisas, relatos e narrativas sobre arte circense: 13 pontos de vista
Authors: Madureira José Rafael
Published: May 2019

Resenha da obra Circo:horizontes educativos
COMUNICAÇÃO E RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS ESTABELECIDAS ENTRE PAIS ADOECIDOS PELO CÂNCER E SEUS FILHOS
Authors: Vigarinho Michele Eugênio da Silva , Soares Mariângela Abate de Lara , Silva Estela Ferreira da , Domenico Edvane Birelo Lopes De
Published: May 2019

Objetivos: identificar os fatores intervenientes nas relações interpessoais e no processo de comunicação entre pais com câncer e seus filhos, relativos ao processo de adoecimento e descrever as estratégias favorecedoras.Método: revisão integrativa, 25 artigos selecionados, entre 2007 e 2017. Utilizou-se a estratégia de seleção: Patient, Intervention, Comparison e Outcomes para responder as questões norteadoras.Resultados: a funcionalidade da estrutura familiar, bem como as atitudes no adoecimento influenciam a comunicação dos pais com câncer e seus filhos. Na perspectiva dos profissionais, há falta de preparo para estes auxiliarem a família. Quando estratégias são empreendidas, os resultados geram impacto positivo.Conclusão: a qualidade e efetividade da comunicação e das relações interpessoais são alcançadas com uma comunicação efetiva, direcionada e individualizada, amparada por equipe multidisciplinar preparada e articulada para auxiliar tanto os pais como seus filhos, além de estratégias presenciais, individuais e em grupo, bem como o uso de materiais educativos.
Explorando variáveis que afetam a adesão e a qualidade da tarefa de descrever competências utilizando guias instrucionais e oficinas de mapeamento
Authors: Barth César Augusto , Ramos Camila Carvalho , Barros Romariz Da Silva , Costa Thiago Dias
Published: May 2019

As competências são o eixo central do modelo de gestão por competências, assim, é essencial que elas sejam bem descritas. Uma boa maneira de realizar isso é solicitando aos próprios colaboradores que descrevam suas competências. Para auxiliar os trabalhadores na descrição das competências, foi elaborado e testado um guia instrucional. O objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar e manipular fatores impactantes na realização da tarefa de descrever competências utilizando um guia instrucional e 2) avaliar a qualidade das competências descritas. Participaram dos estudos 349 servidores componentes de 15 workshops em três órgãos públicos. Ao avaliar o impacto de determinados fatores sobre a adesão ao procedimento de descrever competências, os resultados demonstraram diferenças entre o relato dos servidores e os resultados de uma manipulação experimental. Um exemplo é o fator tempo, indicado pelos servidores como muito impactante sobre a tarefa, mas não confirmado experimentalmente. Os dados não indicaram diferenças significativas entre as competências descritas pelos servidores que apenas participaram dos workshops e servidores que participaram dos workshops e também utilizaram do guia instrucional. Pesquisas subsequentes devem explorar métodos para o aperfeiçoamento de guias e outros instrumentos para impulsionar a participação dos servidores e melhorar a qualidade de competências.
Identification and characterization of maize lines resistant to leaf diseases
Authors: Kaefer Kaian Albino Corazza , Schuelter Adilson Ricken , Schuster Ivan , Marcolin Jonatas , Vendruscolo Eliane Cristina Gruszka
Published: May 2019

Among the maize leaf diseases, white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust are recognized not only by the potential for grain yield reduction but also by the widespread occurrence in the producing regions of Brazil and the world. The aim of this study was to characterize common maize lines for resistance to white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust and suggest crosses based on the genetic diversity detected in SNP markers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in order to characterize 72 maize lines. Genotypic values were predicted using the REML/BLUP procedure. These 72 lines were genotyped with SNP markers using the 650K platform (Affymetrix®) for the assessment of the genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was quantified using the Tocher and UPGMA methods. The existence of genetic variability for disease resistance was detected among maize lines, which made possible to classify them into three large groups (I, II, and III). The maize lines CD 49 and CD50 showed a good performance and can be considered sources of resistance to diseases. Therefore, their use as gene donors in maize breeding programs is recommended. Considering the information of genetic distance together with high heritability for leaf diseases, backcrossing of parent genotypes with different resistance levels, such as those of the lines CD49 x CD69 and CD50 x CD16, may result in new gene combinations, as they are divergent and meet good performances.
Modeling of water erosion by the erosion potential method in a pilot subbasin in southern Minas Gerais
Authors: Tavares André Silva , Spalevic Velibor , Avanzi Junior Cesar , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz
Published: May 2019

Soil losses due to water erosion threaten the sustainability of agriculture and the food security of current and future generations. This study estimated potential soil losses and sediment production under different types of land uses in a subbasin in the Municipality of Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of the Potential Erosion Method by the Intensity of Erosion and Drainage program and correlate the findings with the results obtained by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation as well as geoprocessing techniques and statistical analyses. In the Potential Erosion Method, the coefficient indicating the mean erosion intensity was 0.37, which corresponded to erosion category IV and indicated weak laminar erosion processes, and the total soil loss was 649.31 Mg year-1 and the mean was 1.46 Mg ha-1 year-1. These results were consistent in magnitude with those obtained in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, which estimated a mean soil loss of 1.52 Mg ha-1 year-1 and a total soil loss of 668.26 Mg year-1. The Potential Erosion Method suggests that 1.5% of the area presents potential soil losses above the soil loss tolerance limit, which ranged from 5.19 to 5.90 Mg ha-1 year-1, while the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation indicated that 7.3% of the area has potential soil losses above the limit. The maximum sediment discharge was 60 Mg year-1, meaning that 9.3% of the total soil loss reached the depositional areas of the river plains or watercourses. The Potential Erosion Method was efficient in the evaluation of water erosion in tropical soils, and the results were consistent with models widely employed in the estimation of soil losses. Thus, the model can support the evaluation of soil losses in Brazil and is a robust tool for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural activities.
Physiological potential of popcorn seeds submitted to water stress after treated with bioregulator
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Ribeiro , Chichanoski Carolina , Moterle Lia Mara , Santos Renato Frederico dos , Braccini Alessandro Lucca
Published: May 2019

Seed performance is one of the key points for high productivity in crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of popcorn cultivar seeds (IAC 125 and BRS-Ângela) treated with Stimulate® bioregulator under water stress. Popcorn seeds were submitted to different osmotic potential levels 0; -0.1; -0.3; -0.6 and -0.9 MPa and induced by mannitol, after being treated with bioregulator at the dose of 1.5 L 100 kg-1 of seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design (osmotic potential levels x cultivars x absence and presence of bioregulator). The variables evaluated were: first count and final count of germination standard, shoot length, primary root length, and dry biomass of seedlings. Treating popcorn seeds with bioregulator is inefficient in improving the physiological potential under normal conditions and little water restriction, but under conditions in which water may be limited, the use of bioregulator positively influences germination, growth, and initial performance of seedlings.
Nitrogen as a mitigator of salt stress in yellow passion fruit seedlingss
Authors: Bezerra Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Bezerra Francisco Thiago Coelho , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Medeiros Sherly Aparecida da Silva
Published: May 2019

The poor chemical quality of water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, almost always precludes the practice of irrigated agriculture, thus demanding the adoption of techniques that mitigate the deleterious effects of excess salt on soil and plants. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization in mitigating the negative effects of excess salt in irrigation water on the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings grown in a greenhouse in plastic tubes containing 0.65 dm3 of substrate. The treatments were organized in randomized blocks, in accordance with a 5 × 3 factorial scheme – five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS m?1) combined with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (no nitrogen fertilization and 150 mg dm?3 of N derived from either ammonium sulfate or urea). Evaluations were performed 80 days after sowing and consisted of measuring the seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, leaf concentration of chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and Dickson quality index. An increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water hindered the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Nitrogen fertilization, with urea or ammonium sulfate, mitigated the effects of irrigation water salinity and favored the growth and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings. Yellow passion fruit seedlings with a minimum quality standard (DQI) can be produced with irrigation water with salinity of 1.8 dS m?1, which means they can be considered as moderately sensitive. The higher quality provided by nitrogen to the yellow passion fruit seedlings made them more tolerant to salinity, allowing the use of water with salinity of 2.1 and 2.5 dS m?1 under fertilization with ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively.
Economic of the irrigated production of forage millet
Authors: Torres Rogério Ricalde , Robaina Adroaldo Dias , Peiter Marcia Xavier , Ben Luis Humberto Bahú , Mezzomo Wellington , Kirchner Jardel Henrique , Pereira Tonismar dos Santos , Buske Taise Cristine , Vivan Gisele Aparecida , Girardi Leonita Beatriz
Published: May 2019

Irrigation is an agricultural technique that increases crop yield and reduces periods of forage shortage. However, this technique increases production costs, and the process is economically viable only when costs are lower than the financial return. Determining the technical and financial viability of irrigation is essential to assess the feasibility of forage production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the technical and financial viability of irrigated producing of forage millet in different growing seasons in two microregions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The water requirements of the growing seasons of 2012 to 2017 in the microregions of Santiago and Santa Maria varied and affected the cost of irrigation. The irrigated production of forage millet increased the total average cost by 13.42% and increased the financial return by 43.03% and 22.49% in Santiago and Santa Maria, respectively.
Consumer preference and the technological, cooking and nutritional quality of carioca beans
Authors: Ribeiro Nerinéia Dalfollo , Casagrande Cleiton Renato , Mezzomo Henrique Caletti , Kläsener Greice Rosana , Steckling Skarlet De Marco
Published: May 2019

Carioca beans will achieve better consumer acceptability if they exhibit high grain quality. The objectives of this work were to identify the visual quality traits that determine consumer choice of carioca beans; to evaluate whether the commercial brands of carioca beans present differences in their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits; and to select the best commercial brand of carioca beans according to these traits using a selection index. For this purpose, six different commercial brands of carioca beans were evaluated with respect to consumer preference and their grain physicochemical traits. The visual quality traits, colour and grain size, defined the consumer choice of carioca beans. The commercial brands of carioca beans presented differences regarding their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits. Brand 4 had lighter colour grains (L* = 53.33), a slightly red shade (a* = 6.20), medium-sized beans (27.52 g), an elliptical shape, a semi-full flatness, and a fast cooking time (15 min and 25 s). The brand 4 showed high concentrations of protein, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and copper, and this sample was the preference of 51.92% of the survey participants. The best commercial brand of carioca beans selected by the selection index was brand 4 for its technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits.
Isolation and identification of Yersinia enterocolitica in bovine milk samples of bulk tanks from dairy farms in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Bertolini Amanda Bezerra , Dutra Marcelo Augusto Orsi , Guiraldi Lívia Maísa , Santos Wesley José dos , Medeiros Maria Izabel Merino de , Lucheis Simone Baldini
Published: May 2019

Milk and its derivatives are good substrates for the proliferation of pathogenic and quality-deteriorating microorganisms, demanding rigorous care with milking, processing, and storage. Among the various bacteria that can grow in raw refrigerated milk, Yersinia enterocolitica, is an invasive enteropathogen of humans. This bacterium can cause a number of intestinal and extraintestinal clinical symptoms, ranging from mild gastroenteritis to mesenteric lymphadenitis, similar to appendicitis. To evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in raw milk from bulk milk tanks located in the State of São Paulo, 102 bovine milk samples (one per dairy farm) were evaluated by microbiological analyses, followed by biochemical tests PCR and genetic sequencing. Microbiological testing did not isolate Y. enterocolitica. However, PCR analysis revealed six samples that were positive for Y. enterocolitica (5.9%), confirmed by genetic sequencing. Only the inv gene was detected, which is present in virulent and avirulent Y. enterocolitica strains. There was great difficulty in microbiological isolation due to the difficulty of competitiveness of Y. enterocolitica in a very rich microbiota of raw milk. Although virulence genes known to be present in potentially pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica have not been identified, the presence of this pathogen in milk from expansion tanks, identified through PCR and confirmed by genetic sequencing, suggests that Y. enterocolitica may be a risk to public health, especially if milk and its derivatives are consumed without heat treatment.
Covariance function of Legendre polynomials for the modeling of Polled Nellore cattle growth in northern Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante Diego Helcias , Sousa Júnior Severino Cavalcante , Silva Luciano Pinheiro , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Martins Filho Raimundo , Campêlo José Elivalto Guimarães , Santos Karina Rodrigues
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to compare random regression models fitted by Legendre orthogonal polynomials and determine which best fits changes in Nellore cattle growth parameters. Age polynomial functions of different orders were evaluated using a random-effect modeling associated with a genetic study of cattle growth curves. For this purpose, weight records (15,148) were performed in Polled Nellore bovines (3,115), aged between 1 and 660 days, reared in northern Brazil and born between 1995 and 2010. The fixed effects of analytical models comprised age-matched groups, heifer calving age (linear and quadratic), and fourth-order Legendre age polynomial (cubic), depicting the mean growth curve. Besides, different order functions were considered for random effects, so that (co) variance associated with genetic effects (direct and maternal) and permanent environmental effects (animal and maternal) could be modeled. Residual variance was fitted by six heterogeneous classes throughout the analyzed period. According to AIC and BIC criteria, the model 6333 allowed the fitting of changes in variance and covariance over time (genetic and environmental). Thus, this model can be used to describe age-related changes in Polled Nellore cattle reared in northern Brazil.
Performance of Holstein x Gyr dairy cows fed hydrolyzed sugarcane-based diets
Authors: Campos Mariana Magalhães , Borges Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz , Pancoti Carlos Giovani , Silva Ricardo Reis e , Moreira Tainá Silvestre , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz
Published: May 2019

Twelve multiparous 7/8 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows were fed diets based on chopped sugarcane supplied in natura (control) or after being hydrolyzed (fresh matter basis) for 24 h with 0.5%, 1% or 2% calcium oxide (CaO). The voluntary consumption and digestibility of dietary nutrients, milk production and composition, and feeding behavior of cows were evaluated. A switchback design with three periods, four treatments and three blocks was used. The linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts, and the effects were considered significant when P ? 0.05. Compared to the that in the control treatment, the Ca concentration increased by 297%, 570% and 1,083% in the diets including sugarcane hydrolyzed with 0.5%, 1% and 2% CaO, respectively, while the respective Ca:P ratios were 6.58:1, 10.70:1 and 19.77:1 (control Ca:P ratio: 1.55:1). The hydrolysis of sugarcane with increasing amounts of CaO promoted a linear reduction (P < 0.01) in the intake of dry matter (DM), nonfibrous carbohydrates, crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and ether extract. The intake of total digestible nutrients, acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose presented quadratic behavior (P < 0.01) in response to increasing CaO concentrations used for sugarcane hydrolysis. Increases in the amount of CaO used for sugarcane hydrolysis had no effect on the digestibility of NDFap (P > 0.05), but there were linear reductions (P < 0.05) in the digestibility of DM, OM and ADF; the production of milk corrected or not corrected to 4% fat; and the content of protein, lactose and total solids. Linear reductions (P < 0.05) were also observed in the production of all milk components. Only the milk fat content was not altered (P > 0.05) in response to the inclusion of hydrolyzed sugarcane in the diets. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of sugarcane hydrolysis with increasing amounts of CaO on the time the cows spent idle, ruminating and feeding, but there was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in the minutes spent ruminating 1 kg of DM and NDF. Chopped sugarcane hydrolyzed for 24 h with 0.5% to 2.0% CaO should not be used as exclusive roughage in diets for Holstein x Gyr dairy cows with an average milk production of 10 kg day?1.
In vivo biometry and carcass characteristics of lambs in different finishing systems
Authors: Motta Juliano Henriques da , Pires Cleber Cassol , Dias Ana Maria Osorio , Manzoni Verônica Gindri , Martins Andressa Ana , Borges Luiza Ilha , Teixeira William Soares , Batista Natálie Viero , Carvalho Gabriela , Rosa Juliene da Silva
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different finishing systems on the in vivo measurements, quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics, commercial cut ratio, and shoulder tissue composition of lambs. Thirty-two male lambs were distributed in four finishing systems with eight replications each, as follows: suckling lambs on pasture; suckling lambs in confinement, with access to creep-feeding containing corn bran and soybean meal; weaned lambs fed roughage, characterized by ad libitum supply of alfalfa hay; and weaned lambs fed concentrate, composed of oat grain and soybean meal. The lambs were slaughtered as they reached the pre-set live weight at slaughtering of 30 kg. Most of the in vivo biometry variables were not significant (P > 0.05) when comparing the finishing systems, except for hindlimb height and thoracic perimeter. Regarding the quantitative carcass characteristics, all variables differed (P < 0.05) between systems, except for carcass length, leg width, and subcutaneous fat thickness. For the qualitative carcass characteristics, only the fatness and carcass conformation presented significant differences (P < 0.05). Most in vivo measurements and the proportion of carcass cuts were not influenced by finishing systems. Weaned lambs fed an exclusive concentrate diet presented leaner carcasses with an inferior conformation when compared to the other finishing systems. Suckling lambs in confinement presented shoulders with a higher fat deposition when compared to those weaned. Suckling lambs both on pasture and in confinement presented a superiority in the quantitative carcass characteristics when compared to weaned lambs.
Performance of two varieties of Nile tilapia farming in hapas and excavated ponds in Brazil
Authors: Lima Ed Christian Suzuki de , Leonhardt Julio Hermann , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Otonel Rodrigo Alejandro Arellano , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio , Souza Felipe Pinheiro de , Murari Pâmela Juliana Furlan , Facimoto Cesar Toshio , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio
Published: May 2019

The great commercial potential of Nile tilapia is due to features such as its high production performance, its adaptability to different farming systems, and the development of genetic varieties with superior performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two varieties, GIFT (Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia) and Supreme, grown in hapas in concrete tanks and grown in excavated ponds. Were used 200 and 1234 fingerlings of both varieties, GIFT and Supreme (average initial weight of 0.83 g), for farming in hapas and ponds, respectively. Biometric measurements were taken at four farming stages (fingerling, juvenile, growth, and fattening). Were measured weight (g), total length (cm), standard length (cm), trunk length (cm), head length (cm), head height (cm), body height (cm), weight gain (g) and head/edible-part ratio. For all parameters and in all stages, superior results were observed for tilapia reared in excavated ponds. When the varieties were compared, GIFT had the best performance for most parameters in the fingerling stage, and for weight, total length, and body height in the juvenile stage. Both varieties grew better in excavated ponds. Moreover, GIFT showed higher growth than Supreme during all stages when grown in excavated ponds. Supreme showed higher growth than GIFT in hapas only in the growth stage. Thus, it is concluded that the rearing in excavated ponds provided better results, with superiority of the GIFT variety, which was more able to take advantage of the favorable conditions of this system.
Nutritional evaluation of corn grown using different organic fertilizers for slow-growing broilers
Authors: Campos Carla Fonseca Alves , Siqueira Jefferson Costa de , Rodrigues Kênia Ferreira , Vaz Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira , Mello Susana Queiroz Santos , Silva Gerson Fausto da , Vieira Danilo Vargas Gonçalves , Parente Iberê Pereira , Silva Valquíria Sousa , Araújo Caroliny Costa
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy values and nutrient metabolizability coefficients of corn grown using different organic fertilizers and its use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, two hundred 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were a control diet and four test diets (corn fertilized with crotalaria, corn fertilized with millet, corn fertilized with humus, and corn without fertilization), including corn at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were determined. In the performance trial, two hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into five treatments (T1 – control diet with commercial corn, T2 – corn without fertilization, T3 – corn fertilized with humus, T4 – corn fertilized with millet and T5 – corn fertilized with crotalaria) and five replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight at 20 days were evaluated. The AME and AMEn values of corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and corn without fertilization were 3246 and 3239 kcal kg?1; 2965 and 2954 kcal kg?1; 2909 and 2877 kcal kg?1; and 3265 and 3201 kcal kg?1, respectively. The apparent metabolizable coefficients of DM, CP and GE were: 89.75%, 66.88% and 88.5% for corn fertilized with crotalaria; 84.38%, 58.73% and 81.4% for corn fertilized with millet; 80.38%, 53.45% and 78.95% for corn fertilized with humus; and 89.48%, 68.95% and 87.85% for corn without fertilization, respectively. Feeding broilers with corn cultivated with different fertilizers affected (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight. The treatments using corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and commercial corn did not differ, with better results in relation to corn crop cultivated without fertilization. The use of crotalaria and millet as a green manure, and humus derived from dairy manure are alternatives that can be used on corn crop as they resulted in grains with adequate nutritional composition, energy values and metabolizable coefficients for slow-growing broilers from 1 to 20 days of age.
Effect of including different levels of crude glycerin in feed on plasma triglyceride concentrations in pigs, and the composition and qualitative attributes of pork
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Levi Oliveira , Pasquetti Tiago Junior , Gonçalves Liliane Maria Piano , Sierra Lina María Peñuela , Cruz Thaline Maira Pachelli da , Carvalho Silvana Teixeira , Genova Jansller Luiz , Oliveira Aparecida da Costa
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including two types of crude glycerin (CG) in feed on plasma parameters, quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics, and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi pig muscle. Sixty-three commercial line pigs were used, with an average weight of 30.53 ± 1.59 to 59.55 ± 4.27 kg in the growing phase and 60.35 ± 2.25 to 89.91 ± 5.23 kg in the finishing phase. The pigs’ diet included two sources of CG (vegetable and mixed) at four inclusion levels (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%). One CG was derived from soybean oil (VCG) and the other from 80% animal fat + 20% soybean oil (MCG). The control diet contained 0% glycerin. Blood samples were collected at the beginning, middle and final phases of the trial. In addition, at the end of the finishing phase, the animals were fasted for 12 h and then sacrificed to measure the quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics and the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi. The results indicate that in both phases there was a quadratic effect on plasma triglycerides. There was no effect on carcass parameters. A quadratic behaviour for pH24 h was obtained, with the lowest value attained at 1.05% CG inclusion. There was an interaction between the type of glycerin and the inclusion level in the diets for polyunsaturated fatty acids. VCG and MCG can be used at up to 12% inclusion because they cause no negative effects on carcass characteristics and pig meat quality.
Effects of neutral detergent fiber concentration of sugarcane-based diets on the performance of Holstein heifers
Authors: Gallo Paulo Celso da Silva , Pereira Marcos Neves , Campos Giuliano Pavani de , Gallo Sarita Bonagurio
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing the neutral detergent fibers (NDF) concentration of sugarcane-based diets on the growth and development of Holstein heifers. Twenty-seven Holstein heifers with a mean body weight of 265.5 ± 36.4 kg were housed in a sand bedded tie stall and fed individually. The experimental diet consisted of fresh sugarcane and concentrate. Three concentrations of sugarcane NDF were compared: 33% (SC33), 38% (SC38), and 42% (SC42). Crude protein content of experimental diets was 16%. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter intake, weight gain and morphometric measures, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal pH. The experimental design was a randomized block and all analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS. Intake of DM decreased as NDF concentration increased (p=0.07), but weight gain and growth were not significantly affected (p=0.74). As dietary NDF increased, chewing activity per unit DM intake increased (p=0.001), but rumen pH was not significantly affected (p=0.91). Diets formulated with 330?420 g of sugarcane NDF/kg of dry matter were sufficient to support the growth of Holstein heifers.
Cryptosporidium parvum in captive primates of Parque Municipal Danilo Galafassi, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Snak Alessandra , Delgado Luis Eduardo da Silveira , Osaki Silvia Cristina
Published: May 2019

Uma grande variedade de espécies de animais terrestres e aquáticos foi identificada como hospedeira de espécies e genótipos de Cryptosporidium spp., Que são importantes patógenos, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre sua distribuição em populações selvagens. Estudos recentes que associaram achados parasitológicos e técnicas moleculares forneceram uma nova visão sobre a especificidade do hospedeiro e sua potencial transmissão para humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. nas fezes de Callithrix sp. e Ateles paniscus, identificar as espécies e avaliar suas relações filogenéticas com outros representantes do gênero. Quatro amostras de fezes foram coletadas de um recinto onde vivem três Callithrix jacchus e um Callithrix penicillate; além do que, além do mais, Foram coletadas cinco amostras de um recinto de um Ateles paniscus do Parque Municipal Danilo Galafassi, localizado na cidade de Cascavel-PR. Essas amostras foram enviadas para o Laboratório de Biotecnologia da UFPR, onde a técnica de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada foi realizada em lâminas de microscopia com esfregaço fecal. Amostras positivas foram submetidas à purificação do DNA, extração, PCR e sequenciamento da região nuclear do SSU rRNA. Análises filogenéticas baseadas em Parcimônia Máxima e Inferência Bayesiana foram realizadas. Cinqüenta por cento (2: 4) das amostras de fezes do recinto do Callithrix spp. e 60% (3: 5) das amostras do recinto de Ateles paniscus foram positivas para Cryptosporidium spp. A análise filogenética mostrou que o parasito encontrado em ambas as espécies de primatas foi recuperado aninhado com outros genótipos de C. parvum, e o genótipo encontrado em Callithrix spp. tem alta semelhança com aquela fundada em vários animais domésticos. Este é o primeiro relato de C. parvum em A. paniscus. Por se tratar de uma importante zoonose que não possui tratamento, medidas preventivas devem ser adotadas para evitar a disseminação da doença.
Fatty acid composition of beef cattle finished on tropical pasture and supplemented with crude glycerin
Authors: Strada Evani Souza de Oliveira , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto de , Barbosa Larissa Pires , Prado Ivanor Nunes do , Araújo Fabiana Lana de , Matos Luis Henrique de Almeida , Cruz Olga Teresa Barreto , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin supplementation on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the muscle of cattle grazing on Urochloa decumbens. Thirty-five crossbreed bulls, with an average initial body weight of 428.0 ± 32.11 kg, were supplemented with dry matter corresponding to 1% body weight for 74 days on pasture and distributed to five treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% low purity glycerin in the total dry matter of the supplement) in a completely randomised design. After 74 days, the animals were slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled and frozen for meat composition analysis. The addition of glycerin did not affect the mean moisture (73.6 ± 0.3%), protein (22.8 ± 0.4%), total lipid (1.1 ± 0.1%) and ash (1.0 ± 0.04%) contents of the animal muscle. However, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) on the contents of trans-vaccenic acid (increase of 175% in relation to the control) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (25% increase in relation to the control). We observed an increasing linear pattern in monounsaturated fatty acid levels (39.8 to 44.5%) and a decreasing linear pattern in polyunsaturated fatty acid content (13.5 to 9.5%). The inclusion of crude glycerin promoted a linear decreasing pattern for ?-3 fatty acids. Thus, the inclusion of crude glycerin in the supplement of beef cattle affects the fatty acid composition of the meat. The use of this byproduct promotes desirable changes in the chemical composition of fatty acids, increasing the levels of conjugated linoleic fatty acids (18: 2 c9 t11) and monounsaturated fatty acids.