bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of lithium criticality in the global energy transition and addressing policy gaps in transportation
Authors: Greim Peter , Solomon A. A. , Breyer Christian
Published: September 2020

The forthcoming global energy transition requires a shift to new and renewable technologies, which increase the demand for related materials. This study investigates the long-term availability of lithium (Li) in the event of significant demand growth of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for supplying the power and transport sectors with very-high shares of renewable energy. A comprehensive assessment that uses 18 scenarios, created by combining 8 demand related variations with 4 supply conditions, were performed. Here this study shows that Li is critical to achieve a sustainable energy transition. The achievement of a balanced Li supply and demand throughout this century depends on the presence of well-established recycling systems, achievement of vehicle-to-grid integration, and realisation of transportation services with lower Li intensity. As a result, it is very important to achieve a concerted global effort to enforce a mix of policy goals identified in this study.
Allosteric coupling between α-rings of the 20S proteasome
Authors: Yu Zanlin , Yu Yadong , Wang Feng , Myasnikov Alexander G. , Coffino Philip , Cheng Yifan
Published: September 2020

Proteasomal machinery performs essential regulated protein degradation in eukaryotes. Classic proteasomes are symmetric, with a regulatory ATPase docked at each end of the cylindrical 20S. Asymmetric complexes are also present in cells, either with a single ATPase or with an ATPase and non-ATPase at two opposite ends. The mechanism that populates these different proteasomal complexes is unknown. Using archaea homologs, we construct asymmetric forms of proteasomes. We demonstrate that the gate conformation of the two opposite ends of 20S are coupled: binding one ATPase opens a gate locally, and also opens the opposite gate allosterically. Such allosteric coupling leads to cooperative binding of proteasomal ATPases to 20S and promotes formation of proteasomes symmetrically configured with two identical ATPases. It may also promote formation of asymmetric complexes with an ATPase and a non-ATPase at opposite ends. We propose that in eukaryotes a similar mechanism regulates the composition of the proteasomal population.
Hippocampal hub neurons maintain distinct connectivity throughout their lifetime
Authors: Bocchio Marco , Gouny Claire , Angulo-Garcia David , Toulat Tom , Tressard Thomas , Quiroli Eleonora , Baude Agnès , Cossart Rosa
Published: September 2020

The temporal embryonic origins of cortical GABA neurons are critical for their specialization. In the neonatal hippocampus, GABA cells born the earliest (ebGABAs) operate as ‘hubs’ by orchestrating population synchrony. However, their adult fate remains largely unknown. To fill this gap, we have examined CA1 ebGABAs using a combination of electrophysiology, neurochemical analysis, optogenetic connectivity mapping as well as ex vivo and in vivo calcium imaging. We show that CA1 ebGABAs not only operate as hubs during development, but also maintain distinct morpho-physiological and connectivity profiles, including a bias for long-range targets and local excitatory inputs. In vivo, ebGABAs are activated during locomotion, correlate with CA1 cell assemblies and display high functional connectivity. Hence, ebGABAs are specified from birth to ensure unique functions throughout their lifetime. In the adult brain, this may take the form of a long-range hub role through the coordination of cell assemblies across distant regions.
Author Correction: The mTORC1/4E-BP1 axis represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis
Authors: Woodcock Hannah V. , Eley Jessica D. , Guillotin Delphine , Platé Manuela , Nanthakumar Carmel B. , Martufi Matteo , Peace Simon , Joberty Gerard , Poeckel Daniel , Good Robert B. , Taylor Adam R. , Zinn Nico , Redding Matthew , Forty Ellen J. , Hynds Robert E. , Swanton Charles , Karsdal Morten , Maher Toby M. , Fisher Andrew , Bergamini Giovanna , Marshall Richard P. , Blanchard Andy D. , Mercer Paul F. , Chambers Rachel C.
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Preclinical optimization of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adjuvanted subunit vaccine using response surface design of experiments
Authors: Poncet David , Hessler Catherine , Liang Hong , Gautheron Sylviane , Sergent Michelle , Rintala Nicholas D. , Seydoux Emilie , Huang Po-Wei D. , Argilla David , Ruiz Sophie , Heinrichs Jon , Maciel Milton , Orr Mark T.
Published: September 2020

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea. ETEC colonizes the intestine through fimbrial tip adhesin colonization factors and produces heat-stable and/or heat-labile (LT) toxins, stimulating fluid and electrolyte release leading to watery diarrhoea. We reported that a vaccine containing recombinant colonization factor antigen (CfaEB) targeting fimbrial tip adhesin of the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) and an attenuated LT toxoid (dmLT) elicited mucosal and systemic immune responses against both targets. Additionally, the toll-like receptor 4 ligand second-generation lipid adjuvant (TLR4-SLA) induced a potent mucosal response, dependent on adjuvant formulation. However, a combination of vaccine components at their respective individual optimal doses may not achieve the optimal immune profile. We studied a subunit ETEC vaccine prototype in mice using a response surface design of experiments (DoE), consisting of 64 vaccine dose-combinations of CfaEB, dmLT and SLA in four formulations (aqueous, aluminium oxyhydroxide, squalene-in-water stable nanoemulsion [SE] or liposomes containing the saponin Quillaja saponaria-21 [LSQ]). Nine readouts focusing on antibody functionality and plasma cell response were selected to profile the immune response of parenterally administered ETEC vaccine prototype. The data were integrated in a model to identify the optimal dosage of each vaccine component and best formulation. Compared to maximal doses used in mouse models (10 µg CfaEB, 1 µg dmLT and 5 µg SLA), a reduction in the vaccine components up to 37%, 60% and 88% for CfaEB, dmLT and SLA, respectively, maintained or even maximized immune responses, with SE and LSQ the best formulations. The DoE approach can help determine the best vaccine composition with a limited number of experiments and may accelerate development of multi-antigen/component ETEC vaccines.
Expanding the role of bacterial vaccines into life-course vaccination strategies and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant infections
Authors: Poolman Jan T.
Published: September 2020

A crisis in bacterial infections looms as ageing populations, increasing rates of bacteraemia and healthcare-associated infections converge with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a paucity of new antimicrobial classes. New initiatives are needed to develop bacterial vaccines for older adults in whom immune senescence plays a critical role. Novel vaccines require an expanded repertoire to prevent mucosal diseases such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections that are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, and key drivers of antimicrobial resistance. This review considers the challenges inherent to the prevention of bacterial diseases, particularly mucosal infections caused by major priority bacterial pathogens against which current vaccines are sub-optimal. It has become clear that prevention of many lung, urinary tract and skin infections requires more than circulating antibodies. Induction of Th1/Th17 cellular responses with tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells homing to mucosal tissues may be a pre-requisite for success.
Phenolic content, chemical composition and anti-/pro-oxidant activity of Gold Milenium and Papierowka apple peel extracts
Authors: Kalinowska Monika , Gryko Kamila , Wróblewska Anna M. , Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata , Karpowicz Danuta
Published: September 2020

In this study the peels of ecologically grown apple (Malus domestica) cultivars: Gold Milenium (a new scab‐resistant variety) and Papierowka (Papirovka; an old, sensitive to apple scab variety) were examined for their composition (phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, simple organic acids, macro-, microelements, reducing sugars,l-ascorbic acid), pro- and antioxidant properties as well as their application in reduction of the oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblast. The higher content of phenolic compounds correlated with the greater pro- and antioxidant activity of the peels of Papierowka compared to Gold Milenium in DPPH·, ABTS+, FRAP and CUPRAC assays as well as an ability to inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The quantity of the compounds strongly depended on the type of extraction. The extract of Papierowka peels possessed much higher amount of phenolic compounds compared to Gold Milenium (Papierowka: 3.68 ± 0.20 mg/g peel ultrasound assisted extraction (u.a.e); 2.02 ± 0.13 mg/g peel conventional extraction (c.e.); Gold Milenium: 1.46 ± 0.19 mg/g peel u.a.e; 1.15 ± 0.04 mg/g peel c.e. according the HPLC measurement). The pro-oxidant activity of the extract from Papierowka peels can be correlated with the content of phenolic compounds and metal ions as well. The apple peel extract is promising agent reducing the oxidative stress in skin fibroblast.
A 2,000-year Bayesian NAO reconstruction from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hernández Armand , Sánchez-López Guiomar , Pla-Rabes Sergi , Comas-Bru Laia , Parnell Andrew , Cahill Niamh , Geyer Adelina , Trigo Ricardo M. , Giralt Santiago
Published: September 2020

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major atmospheric mode that controls winter European climate variability because its strength and phase determine regional temperature, precipitation and storm tracks. The NAO spatial structure and associated climatic impacts over Europe are not stationary making it crucial to understanding its past evolution in order to improve the predictability of future scenarios. In this regard, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies aimed at reconstructing past NAO variability, but the information related to decadal-scale NAO evolution beyond the last millennium is scarce and inconclusive. We present a new 2,000-year multi-annual, proxy-based reconstruction of local NAO impact, with associated uncertainties, obtained by a Bayesian approach. This new local NAO reconstruction is obtained from a mountain lacustrine sedimentary archive of the Iberian Peninsula. This geographical area is not included in previous NAO reconstructions despite being a widely used region for instrumental-based NAO measurements. We assess the main external forcings (i.e., volcanic eruptions and solar activity) on NAO variability which, on a decadal scale, show that a low number of sunspots correlate to low NAO values. By comparison with other previously published NAO reconstructions in our analyses we can test the stationarity of the solar influence on the NAO signal across a latitudinal gradient based on the position of the employed archives for each NAO reconstruction. Inconclusive results on the volcanic forcing on NAO variability over decadal time-scales indicates the need for further studies. Moreover, we highlight the potential role of other North Atlantic modes of variability (i.e., East Atlantic pattern) on the non-stationary behaviour of the NAO throughout the Common Era, likely via solar forcing.
A conductive self healing polymeric binder using hydrogen bonding for Si anodes in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Nam Jaebin , Kim Eunsoo , K.K. Rajeev , Kim Yeonho , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: September 2020

A ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized poly(acrylic acid) grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG), designated PAU-g-PEG, was developed as a high performance polymer binder for Si anodes in lithium-ion batteries. By introducing both a ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) unit, which is capable of self-healing through dynamic hydrogen bonding within molecules as well as with Si, and an ion-conducting PEG onto the side chain of the poly(acrylic acid), this water-based self-healable and conductive polymer binder can effectively accommodate the volume changes of Si, while maintaining electronic integrity, in an electrode during repeated charge/discharge cycles. The Si@PAU-g-PEG electrode retained a high capacity of 1,450.2 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% even after 350 cycles under a C-rate of 0.5 C. Under a high C-rate of 3 C, an outstanding capacity of 2,500 mAh g−1 was also achieved, thus demonstrating its potential for improving the electrochemical performance of Si anodes.
Three-dimensional alignment of microvasculature and cardiomyocytes in the developing ventricle
Authors: Lapierre-Landry Maryse , Kolesová Hana , Liu Yehe , Watanabe Michiko , Jenkins Michael W.
Published: September 2020

While major coronary artery development and pathologies affecting them have been extensively studied, understanding the development and organization of the coronary microvasculature beyond the earliest developmental stages requires new tools. Without techniques to image the coronary microvasculature over the whole heart, it is likely we are underestimating the microvasculature’s impact on normal development and diseases. We present a new imaging and analysis toolset to visualize the coronary microvasculature in intact embryonic hearts and quantify vessel organization. The fluorescent dyes DiI and DAPI were used to stain the coronary vasculature and cardiomyocyte nuclei in quail embryo hearts during rapid growth and morphogenesis of the left ventricular wall. Vessel and cardiomyocytes orientation were automatically extracted and quantified, and vessel density was calculated. The coronary microvasculature was found to follow the known helical organization of cardiomyocytes in the ventricular wall. Vessel density in the left ventricle did not change during and after compaction. This quantitative and automated approach will enable future cohort studies to understand the microvasculature’s role in diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where misalignment of cardiomyocytes has been observed in utero.
Inter simple sequence repeat markers to assess genetic diversity of the desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca Del.) for Sahelian ecosystem restoration
Authors: Mint Abdelaziz Selouka , Medraoui Leila , Alami Mohammed , Pakhrou Ouafae , Makkaoui Meryem , Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary Ali , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim
Published: September 2020

Drought and desertification are the major environmental constraints facing the Sahelian agro-ecosystems for decades. Assessing genetic diversity of native tree species is critical to assist ecosystems restoration efforts. Here we describe genetic diversity and structure of seven Balanites aegyptiaca L. natural populations distributed across the Sahelian-Saharan zone of Mauritania using 16 polymorphic ISSR primers. These generated 505 polymorphic bands. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from (0.13–0.29) with an average 0.23, marker index (MI) averaged 7.3 (range 3.3–10.3) and resolving power (RP) ranged from (4.53–14.6) with an average 9.9. The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from (0.62–1.39), Effective number of alleles (Ne) varied from (1.26–1.37), Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from (0.25–0.36). AMOVA analysis showed that 80% of the genetic variation was fined within populations, which is supported by a low level of genetic differentiation between population (GST = 0.21) and an overall estimate of gene flow among populations (Nm = 1.9). The dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient and the structure analysis divided the seven populations into two main clusters in which two populations from the Saharan zone were grouped. Our results provide baseline data for genetic conservation programs of this Sahelian neglected crop and with an important econ-ecological role.
Gene expression is stable in a complete CIB1 knockout keratinocyte model
Authors: Imahorn Elias , Aushev Magomet , Herms Stefan , Hoffmann Per , Cichon Sven , Reichelt Julia , Itin Peter H. , Burger Bettina
Published: September 2020

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a genodermatosis characterized by the inability of keratinocytes to control cutaneous β-HPV infection and a high risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Bi-allelic loss of function variants in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 predispose to EV. The correlation between these proteins and β-HPV infection is unclear. Its elucidation will advance the understanding of HPV control in human keratinocytes and development of NMSC. We generated a cell culture model by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of CIB1 to study the function of CIB1 in keratinocytes. Nine CIB1 knockout and nine mock control clones were generated originating from a human keratinocyte line. We observed small changes in gene expression as a result of CIB1 knockout, which is consistent with the clearly defined phenotype of EV patients. This suggests that the function of human CIB1 in keratinocytes is limited and involves the restriction of β-HPV. The presented model is useful to investigate CIB1 interaction with β-HPV in future studies.
Increased persistence of large-scale circulation regimes over Asia in the era of amplified Arctic warming, past and future
Authors: Francis Jennifer A. , Skific Natasa , Vavrus Stephen J.
Published: September 2020

Extreme weather events in Asia have been occurring with increasing frequency as the globe warms in response to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases. Many of these events arise from weather regimes that persist over a region for days or even weeks, resulting in disruptive heatwaves, droughts, flooding, snowfalls, and cold spells. We investigate changes in the persistence of large-scale weather systems through a pattern-recognition approach based on daily 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies over the Asian continent. By tracking consecutive days that the atmosphere resides in a particular pattern, we identify long-duration events (LDEs), defined as lasting longer than three days, and measure their frequency of occurrence over time in each pattern. We find that regimes featuring positive height anomalies in high latitudes are occurring more often as the Arctic warms faster than mid-latitudes, both in the recent past and in model projections for the twenty-first century assuming unabated greenhouse gas emissions. The increased dominance of these patterns corresponds to a higher likelihood of LDEs, suggesting that persistent weather conditions will occur more frequently. By mapping observed temperature and precipitation extremes onto each atmospheric regime, we gain insight into the types of disruptive weather events that will become more prevalent as particular patterns become more common.
The state of artificial intelligence-based FDA-approved medical devices and algorithms: an online database
Authors: Benjamens Stan , Dhunnoo Pranavsingh , Meskó Bertalan
Published: September 2020

At the beginning of the artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) era, the expectations are high, and experts foresee that AI/ML shows potential for diagnosing, managing and treating a wide variety of medical conditions. However, the obstacles for implementation of AI/ML in daily clinical practice are numerous, especially regarding the regulation of these technologies. Therefore, we provide an insight into the currently available AI/ML-based medical devices and algorithms that have been approved by the US Food & Drugs Administration (FDA). We aimed to raise awareness of the importance of regulatory bodies, clearly stating whether a medical device is AI/ML based or not. Cross-checking and validating all approvals, we identified 64 AI/ML based, FDA approved medical devices and algorithms. Out of those, only 29 (45%) mentioned any AI/ML-related expressions in the official FDA announcement. The majority (85.9%) was approved by the FDA with a 510(k) clearance, while 8 (12.5%) received de novo pathway clearance and one (1.6%) premarket approval (PMA) clearance. Most of these technologies, notably 30 (46.9%), 16 (25.0%), and 10 (15.6%) were developed for the fields of Radiology, Cardiology and Internal Medicine/General Practice respectively. We have launched the first comprehensive and open access database of strictly AI/ML-based medical technologies that have been approved by the FDA. The database will be constantly updated.
Pre-pro is a fast pre-processor for single-particle cryo-EM by enhancing 2D classification
Authors: Chung Szu-Chi , Lin Hsin-Hung , Niu Po-Yao , Huang Shih-Hsin , Tu I-Ping , Chang Wei-Hau
Published: September 2020

2D classification plays a pivotal role in analyzing single particle cryo-electron microscopy images. Here, we introduce a simple and loss-less pre-processor that incorporates a fast dimension-reduction (2SDR) de-noiser to enhance 2D classification. By implementing this 2SDR pre-processor prior to a representative classification algorithm like RELION and ISAC, we compare the performances with and without the pre-processor. Tests on multiple cryo-EM experimental datasets show the pre-processor can make classification faster, improve yield of good particles and increase the number of class-average images to generate better initial models. Testing on the nanodisc-embedded TRPV1 dataset with high heterogeneity using a 3D reconstruction workflow with an initial model from class-average images highlights the pre-processor improves the final resolution to 2.82 Å, close to 0.9 Nyquist. Those findings and analyses suggest the 2SDR pre-processor, of minimal cost, is widely applicable for boosting 2D classification, while its generalization to accommodate neural network de-noisers is envisioned.
Quantification of amyloid fibril polymorphism by nano-morphometry reveals the individuality of filament assembly
Authors: Aubrey Liam D. , Blakeman Ben J. F. , Lutter Liisa , Serpell Christopher J. , Tuite Mick F. , Serpell Louise C. , Xue Wei-Feng
Published: September 2020

Amyloid fibrils are highly polymorphic structures formed by many different proteins. They provide biological function but also abnormally accumulate in numerous human diseases. The physicochemical principles of amyloid polymorphism are not understood due to lack of structural insights at the single-fibril level. To identify and classify different fibril polymorphs and to quantify the level of heterogeneity is essential to decipher the precise links between amyloid structures and their functional and disease associated properties such as toxicity, strains, propagation and spreading. Employing gentle, force-distance curve-based AFM, we produce detailed images, from which the 3D reconstruction of individual filaments in heterogeneous amyloid samples is achieved. Distinctive fibril polymorphs are then classified by hierarchical clustering, and sample heterogeneity is objectively quantified. These data demonstrate the polymorphic nature of fibril populations, provide important information regarding the energy landscape of amyloid self-assembly, and offer quantitative insights into the structural basis of polymorphism in amyloid populations.
Silylium ion mediated 2+2 cycloaddition leads to 4+2 Diels-Alder reaction products
Authors: Wang Heng-Ding , Fan Hong-Jun
Published: September 2020

The mechanism of silver(I) and copper(I) catalyzed cycloaddition between 1,2-diazines and siloxy alkynes remains controversial. Here we explore the mechanism of this reaction with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the reaction takes place through a metal (Ag+, Cu+) catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition pathway and the migration of a silylium ion [triisopropylsilyl ion (TIPS+)] further controls the reconstruction of four-member ring to give the final product. The lower barrier of this silylium ion mediated [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism (SMC) indicates that well-controlled [2+2] cycloaddition can obtain some poorly-accessible IEDDA (inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction) products. Strong interaction of d10metals (Ag+, Cu+) and alkenes activates the high acidity silylium ion (TIPS+) in situ. This п-acid (Ag+, Cu+) and hard acid (TIPS+) exchange scheme will be instructive in silylium ion chemistry. Our calculations not only provide a scheme to design IEDDA catalysts but also imply a concise way to synthesise 1,2-dinitrogen substituted cyclooctatetraenes (1,2-NCOTs).
Improving serotonin fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection: new waveforms to reduce electrode fouling
Authors: Dunham Kelly E. , Venton B. Jill
Published: September 2020

New FSCV waveforms for serotonin were developed to allow high sensitivity measurements with low electrode fouling.
Facile synthesis of a novel genetically encodable fluorescent α-amino acid emitting greenish blue light
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Garreffi Brian P. , Guo Maolin
Published: September 2020

A novel genetically encodable fluorescent l-α-amino acid 4-phenanthracen-9-yl-l-phenylalanine (Phen-AA) that emits greenish blue light and can be imaged in live cells has been synthesized under mild conditions in 3 steps with reasonably good yield.
Asymmetric organocatalytic multicomponent reactions for efficient construction of bicyclic compounds bearing bisacetal and isoxazolidine moieties
Authors: Pei Jun-Ping , Lv Xue-Jiao , Peng Chen-Jun , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: September 2020

An organocatalytic multicomponent reaction ofN-protected hydroxylamines, acrylaldehyde and acetal-containing enones was developed, providing bisacetal-containing isoxazolidines with excellent stereoselectivities.
Proton conduction studies on four porous and nonporous coordination polymers with different acidities and water uptake
Authors: Liu Houting , Li Rongyun , Lu Jing , Liu Zhiliang , Wang Suna , Tian Haiquan
Published: September 2020

Acidity and water absorption ability are important influencing factors on proton conducting behavior, which are determined by the protonation degree and amount of hydrophilic groups in the crystal structures, respectively.
High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photodynamic of the nitrogen dioxide dimer (NO2)2 and the stability of its cation
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Garcia Gustavo A. , Nahon Laurent
Published: September 2020

Mass-selected TPES of the dimer N2O4 is recorded and its VUV photodynamics shows the dimer cation N2O4+ is unstable.
Design criteria for the competing chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions: avoid the OCl adsorbate to enhance chlorine selectivity
Authors: Exner Kai S.
Published: September 2020

The intermediate matters: the concept of ESSI-ΔG2activity maps illustrates that the formation of the Cl adsorbate rather than the OCl intermediate is desirable to enhance chlorine selectivity in the competing chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions.
Dynamics of interacting magnetic nanoparticles: effective behavior from competition between Brownian and Néel relaxation
Authors: Ilg Patrick , Kröger Martin
Published: September 2020

We identify the influence of dipolar and steric interactions on the Brownian and Néel contributions to the magnetization dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles from extensive computer simulations using a combined Brownian dynamics/Monte-Carlo method.
Electrochemical esterification reaction of alkynes with diolsviacleavage of carbon–carbon triple bonds without catalyst and oxidant
Authors: Wang Pei-Long , Shen Hui-Zhi , Cheng Hui-Hui , Gao Hui , Li Pin-Hua
Published: September 2020

A novel electrochemical esterification of alkynes for the synthesis of esters was developed in which diols and their derivatives were used as the partners.
The production of valuable biopolymer precursors from fructose
Authors: Liu Xuan , Leong Daniel Chee Yin , Sun Yujie
Published: September 2020

A two-step process consisting of microwave dehydration and electrocatalysis is developed to synthesize biopolymer precursors from fructose without the separation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
Performance enhancing additives for reusable ruthenium-triphos catalysts in the reduction of CO2to dimethoxymethane
Authors: Konrath Robert , Sekine Kohei , Jevtovikj Ivana , Paciello Rocco A. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: September 2020

Additives enhance the performance of a recyclable ruthenium-triphos catalyst system in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to dimethoxymethane.
One-step processing of shrimp shell waste with a chitinase fused to a carbohydrate-binding module
Authors: Deng Jun-Jin , Zhang Ming-Shu , Li Zhi-Wei , Lu De-Lin , Mao He-Hua , Zhu Ming-Jun , Li Jia-Zhou , Luo Xiao-Chun
Published: September 2020

A sustainable, economical and convenient one-step process to produce high-value chitin oligomers and digestible shell residue from shrimp shell waste by a chitinase fused to a carbohydrate-binding module.
Thirty-minute preparation of microporous polyimides with large surface areas for ammonia adsorption
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Pei Baoyou , Di Tuo , Xia Yunxia , Li Tiesheng , Li Lei
Published: September 2020

The preparation of microporous polyimides with large surface areas was completed in 30 minutes.
Multi-element LA-ICP-MS analysis of the clay fraction of archaeological pottery in provenance studies: a methodological investigation
Authors: Vannoorenberghe Marieke , Van Acker Thibaut , Belza Joke , Teetaert Dimitri , Crombé Philippe , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: September 2020

This study systematically assessed 4 calibration approaches for ns-LA-ICP-MS analysis of the clay fraction in pottery and sediments.
Amyloid hybrid membranes for bacterial & genetic material removal from water and their anti-biofouling properties
Authors: Palika Archana , Rahimi Akram , Bolisetty Sreenath , Handschin Stephan , Fischer Peter , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: September 2020

Introducing the simultaneous removal of both bacteria and associated genetic material using amyloid hybrid membranes,viaa combined adsorption and size exclusion mechanism.
Incorporating charge transfer effects into a metallic empirical potential for accurate structure determination in (ZnMg)N nanoalloys
Authors: Álvarez-Zapatero Pablo , Vega Andrés , Aguado Andrés
Published: September 2020

A new potential model including charge transfer effects allows prediction of substantial compositional layering in Zn–Mg nanoalloys.
Reduction chemistry-assisted nanopore determination method for immunoglobulin isotypes
Authors: Liu Qianshan , Wang Yunjiao , Liu Yaqing , Wang Han , Li Wei , Tang Peng , Weng Ting , Zhou Shuo , Liang Liyuan , Yuan Jiahu , Wang Deqiang , Wang Liang
Published: September 2020

A reduction chemistry-based, molecular dynamics simulation-assisted nanopore method was developed for the simultaneous determination of IgG and IgM without any concerns of undesirable effects to blood.
One-step phosphating synthesis of CoP nanosheet arrays combined with Ni2P as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: Shu Tie , Gao He , Li Qian , Wei Fuxiang , Ren Yaojian , Sun Zhi , Qi Jiqiu , Sui Yanwei
Published: September 2020

A transition metal phosphide is an excellent candidate for supercapacitors due to its superior electrical conductivity and high theoretical capacity.
Nanostructured monoclinic Cu2Se as a near-room-temperature thermoelectric material
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Taoyi , Bao Deyu , Zhang Bin , Han Guang , Liu Can , Tang Jun , Zhou Dali , Yang Lei , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: September 2020

Nanostructured monoclinic Cu2Se with low thermal conductivity shows a figure of merit of 0.72 at 380 K.
Photocontrolled cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations via thioacetal initiators
Authors: Sifri Renee J. , Kennedy Audrey J. , Fors Brett P.
Published: September 2020

Photocontrolled cationic polymerizations controlled through a degenerate chain transfer process and photocatalyst turnover to recap propagating chains.
Possibility of controlling the conduction mechanism by choosing a specific doping element in a praseodymium manganite system
Authors: Moualhi Y. , M'nassri R. , Rahmouni H. , Gassoumi M. , Khirouni K.
Published: September 2020

Electrical properties of Pr0.7Ca0.3Mn0.9X0.1O3 (X = Co, Ni, Cr and Fe) systems have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy measurements.
Development of a horseradish peroxidase-nanobody fusion protein for visual detection of ochratoxin A by dot immunoassay
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Yuanyuan , Mao Fujing , Su Benchao , Bao Kunlu , Zhang Zeling , Xie Guifang , Liu Xing
Published: September 2020

The horseradish peroxidase-nanobody fusion protein was developed as a promising immunological diagnostic reagent for toxic low-molecular-weight compounds in food.
Wetting-induced formation of void-free metal halide perovskite films by green ultrasonic spray coating for large-area mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , Heo Jin Hyuck , Im Sang Hyuk
Published: September 2020

A void-free metal halide perovskite (MHP) layer on a mesoscopic TiO2 (m-TiO2) film was formed via the wetting-induced infiltration of MHP solution in the m-TiO2 film via a green ultrasonic spray coating process using a non-hazardous solvent.
Significantly enhanced electrocatalytic N2reduction to NH3by surface selenization with multiple functions
Authors: Cai Wenwen , Han Yi , Li Hongdong , Qi Wenjing , Xu Jixiang , Wu Xueke , Zhao Huan , Zhang Xinyi , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: September 2020

Surface-selenized RuO2/C (RuO2-Se0.18/C) exhibits a high NH3yield rate (12.97 μg h−1cm−2) at low overpotential. The superior NRR performance is attributed to the effects (on N2adsorption, surface hydrogenation, N2activation and NH3desorption) of surface selenization.
Cationic dynamic covalent polymers for gene transfection
Authors: Su Dandan , Coste Maëva , Diaconu Andrei , Barboiu Mihail , Ulrich Sébastien
Published: September 2020

Dynamic covalent polymers have revealed strong potential in gene delivery, thanks to their versatile self-assembly, adaptive and responsive behaviors.
Highly stretchable conductive MWCNT–PDMS composite with self-enhanced conductivity
Authors: Shao Jiang , Yu Liyun , Skov Anne Ladegaard , Daugaard Anders E.
Published: September 2020

Soft and highly stretchable, yet conductive elastomers are essential in development of next generation electronic devices.
1,2,3-Triazolyl functionalized thiophene, carbazole and fluorene based A-alt-B type π-conjugated copolymers for the sensitive and selective detection of aqueous and vapor phase nitroaromatics (NACs)
Authors: Giri Dipanjan , Patra Sanjib K.
Published: September 2020

A series of emissive π-conjugated polymers, appended with 1,2,3-triazole unit, has been explored for efficient detection of nitroaromatics in aqueous and vapor phase.
Therapeutic potential of Liuwei Dihuang pill against KDM7A and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy-related osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Ming Ming , Dong Rui , Hua Zhen , Lv Nan Ning , Ma Yong , Huang Gui Cheng , Cheng Jian , Xu Hai Yan
Published: September 2020

The effects of Liuwei Dihuang pill (LWDH) on diabetic nephropathy-related osteoporosis (DNOP) are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LWDH on KDM7A and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in DNOP rats and the high glucose-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. A DNOP model was prepared by streptozotocin in 9-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to evaluate the effects of LWDH. The cell viability and differentiation capacity of high glucose-induced MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, Alizarin Red staining, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, respectively. Furthermore, the expressions of KDM7A and Wnt1/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Treatment of DNOP rats with LWDH could significantly ameliorate the general state, degradation of renal function, and renal pathological changes. LWDH decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, ALP, and TRAP, and increased the calcium, phosphorus in serum, as well as decreased the level of the calcium and phosphorus in the urine. Besides, LWDH significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), and the bone microstructure of DNOP rats. Moreover, LWDH increased the levels of the elastic modulus, ultimate load, and bending strength in the femurs. In MC3T3-E1 cells, serum-containing LWDH significantly increases in cell viability and osteoblastic differentiation capability. The expression of α-SMA, vimentin, KDM7A, Wnt1 and β-catenin were significantly down-regulated, and the E-cadherin, H3K9-Me2, H3K27-Me2, BMP-4, BMP-7, Runx2, osteocalcin, and Col1a1 were significantly up-regulated with LWDH treatment. The present study shows that LWDH has a therapeutic effect on DNOP, in part, through down-regulation of KDM7A and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
The Relationship Between Psychological Processes and Indices of Well-Being Among Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Whicker John J. , Ong Clarissa W. , Muñoz Karen , Twohig Michael P.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of psychological processes (i.e., internalized shame, self-efficacy, psychological inflexibility) regarding hearing loss in the well-being of adults who have hearing loss.

Method

This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Two hundred sixty-four surveys were submitted for analysis. Data were collected using a survey posted to online social media support, in audiology clinics across the country, and through national organizations supporting individuals who have hearing loss. Regressions were used to determine whether internalized shame, self-efficacy, or psychological inflexibility held any predictive value over subjects' well-being.

Results

Shame, self-efficacy, and psychological inflexibility significantly predicted different aspects of well-being.

Conclusion

Audiologists should consider the role of internalized thoughts and emotions regarding patients' hearing loss on how patients understand and manage their hearing health.
Formation of a tiny flux rope in the center of an active region driven by magnetic flux emergence, convergence, and cancellation
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Yao , Wang Bing , Song Hongqiang , Cao Wenda
Published: September 2020

Aims. Flux ropes are generally believed to be core structures of solar eruptions that are significant for the space weather, but their formation mechanism remains intensely debated. We report on the formation of a tiny flux rope beneath clusters of active region loops on 2018 August 24.

Methods. Combining the high-quality multiwavelength observations from multiple instruments, we studied the event in detail in the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona.

Results. In the source region, the continual emergence of two positive polarities (P1 and P2) that appeared as two pores (A and B) is unambiguous. Interestingly, P2 and Pore B slowly approached P1 and Pore A, implying a magnetic flux convergence. During the emergence and convergence, P1 and P2 successively interacted with a minor negative polarity (N3) that emerged, which led to a continuous magnetic flux cancellation. As a result, the overlying loops became much sheared and finally evolved into a tiny twisted flux rope that was evidenced by a transient inverse S-shaped sigmoid, the twisted filament threads with blueshift and redshift signatures, and a hot channel.

Conclusions. All the results show that the formation of the tiny flux rope in the center of the active region was closely associated with the continuous magnetic flux emergence, convergence, and cancellation in the photosphere. Hence, we suggest that the magnetic flux emergence, convergence, and cancellation are crucial for the formation of the tiny flux rope.
A Monte Carlo comparison between template-based and Wiener-filter CMB dipole estimators
Authors: Thommesen H. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Brilenkov M. , Eriksen H. K. , Fuskeland U. , Galloway M. , Mocanu L. M. , Svalheim T. L. , Wehus I. K.
Published: September 2020

We review and compare two different cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole estimators discussed in the literature and assess their performances through Monte Carlo simulations. The first method amounts to simple template regression with partial sky data, while the second method is an optimal Wiener filter (or Gibbs sampling) implementation. The main difference between the two methods is that the latter approach takes into account correlations with higher-order CMB temperature fluctuations that arise from nonorthogonal spherical harmonics on an incomplete sky, which for recent CMB data sets (such as Planck) is the dominant source of uncertainty. For an accepted sky fraction of 81% and an angular CMB power spectrum corresponding to the best-fit Planck 2018 ΛCDM model, we find that the uncertainty on the recovered dipole amplitude is about six times smaller for the Wiener filter approach than for the template approach, corresponding to 0.5 and 3 μK, respectively. Similar relative differences are found for the corresponding directional parameters and other sky fractions. We note that the Wiener filter algorithm is generally applicable to any dipole estimation problem on an incomplete sky, as long as a statistical and computationally tractable model is available for the unmasked higher-order fluctuations. The methodology described in this paper forms the numerical basis for the most recent determination of the CMB solar dipole from Planck, as summarized by Planck Collaboration Int. LVII (2020).
A copula-based quantifying of the relationship between race inequality among neighbourhoods in São Paulo and age at death
Authors: González-López Verónica Andrea , Rodrigues de Moraes Rafael
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we combine two statistical tools with the objective of creating models that represent the dependence between (i) the proportion of the black/brown population in relation to the total population of a neighborhood (pct) and (ii) the average age at which people died in the neighborhood (age). We explore the dependence between pct and age in São Paulo city, Brazil, during 2018. The statistical tools are models of copulas and informative and non-informative settings according to the Bayesian perspective. The different scenarios and models allow us to delineate the dependence between pct and age, and, through the Bayesian Information Criterion we can indicate which of these models best represents the data. The approach implemented here allows us to define estimates of variations in life expectancy conditioned by percentage intervals of pct. With them, we can conclude that on average all the scenarios point to a decrease in life expectancy by increasing the proportion of pct. When conditioning the percentages of pct to 4 intervals (0, 0.25], (0.25, 0.5], (0.5, 0.75], (0.75, 1] respectively, we note that the expectation is reduced in average at a constant rate from one interval in comparison with the immediate and next interval from left to right in [0, 1].
Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of auroral proton precipitation in the cusps: Comparison of northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field driving
Authors: Grandin Maxime , Turc Lucile , Battarbee Markus , Ganse Urs , Johlander Andreas , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Dubart Maxime , Palmroth Minna
Published: September 2020

Particle precipitation is a central aspect of space weather, as it strongly couples the magnetosphere and the ionosphere and can be responsible for radio signal disruption at high latitudes. We present the first hybrid-Vlasov simulations of proton precipitation in the polar cusps. We use two runs from the Vlasiator model to compare cusp proton precipitation fluxes during southward and northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) driving. The simulations reproduce well-known features of cusp precipitation, such as a reverse dispersion of precipitating proton energies, with proton energies increasing with increasing geomagnetic latitude under northward IMF driving, and a nonreversed dispersion under southward IMF driving. The cusp is also found more polewards in the northward IMF simulation than in the southward IMF simulation. In addition, we find that the bursty precipitation during southward IMF driving is associated with the transit of flux transfer events in the vicinity of the cusp. In the northward IMF simulation, dual lobe reconnection takes place. As a consequence, in addition to the high-latitude precipitation spot associated with the lobe reconnection from the same hemisphere, we observe lower-latitude precipitating protons which originate from the opposite hemisphere’s lobe reconnection site. The proton velocity distribution functions along the newly closed dayside magnetic field lines exhibit multiple proton beams travelling parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic field direction, which is consistent with previously reported observations with the Cluster spacecraft. In both runs, clear electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves are generated in the cusps and might further increase the calculated precipitating fluxes by scattering protons to the loss cone in the low-altitude cusp. Global kinetic simulations can improve the understanding of space weather by providing a detailed physical description of the entire near-Earth space and its internal couplings.
Alkohol zur Vermeidung alkoholbezogener Störungen bei chirurgischen Patienten
Authors: Stuppe Markus , Facklam Jochen , Schumacher Detlef
Published: September 2020

Ein erheblicher Teil der Patienten mit einer alkoholbezogenen Störung verschweigt oder bagatellisiert aus Scham bei einer Aufnahme ins Krankenhaus einen erhöhten Alkoholkonsum. Wenn ein Patient explizit nicht vom Alkohol entziehen will und ohne Ersatz oder fortgesetzter Alkoholzufuhr ein Alkoholentzugssyndrom droht – kann dann neben der üblichen medikamentösen Behandlung der medizinische Einsatz von i. v. und oralem Alkohol sinnvoll sein? Welche Alternativen gibt es? Der Beitrag geht den Fragen in einer Literaturrecherche nach.
Synthetic Approaches to Non-Tropane, Bridged, Azapolycyclic Ring Systems Containing Seven-Membered Carbocycles
Authors: Griffith Daniel R. , Shoemaker Aaron H.
Published: September 2020

This Short Review highlights various synthetic approaches to bridged azabicyclic ring systems containing seven-membered carbocyclic rings. Such ring systems are common to a number of biologically active natural products. The seven-membered ring in such systems is generally formed in one of four ways: 1) cyclization of an acyclic precursor; 2) ring expansion or rearrangement of a different ring size; 3) cycloaddition; and 4) use of a synthetic building block with the seven-membered ring already present. Representative examples of each approach from both total synthesis and methodological studies are discussed, with an emphasis on work published

in the last twenty years.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclization Reactions

3 Ring Expansions and Rearrangements

4 Cycloadditions

5 Strategies Involving Seven-Membered Ring Building Blocks

6 Conclusion
Challenges in the Transition of Care Process for Patients with Dravet and Lennox–Gastaut Syndromes
Authors: Karakas Cemal , Schultz Rebecca J. , Gavvala Jay R.
Published: September 2020

Epileptic encephalopathies such as Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) present unique challenges in the transition of care not only for the providers but also for the patients and families. Some of these challenges include the complexity of disease process, differences in medication management between children and adults, high incidence of comorbidities such as psychosocial issues, a lack of structured transition process from pediatric to adult care, and the lack of parental knowledge and reluctance to transition to an adult provider. Improving transition readiness and transfer of care are essential to long-term management and continuity of care. Studies show that patients/families who possess transition readiness skills have better health outcomes. Furthermore, participation in a structured transition intervention has been shown to improve transition readiness and utilization of ambulatory care in the adult setting. Reported benefits of implementation of transition planning include increased self-esteem, improved health literacy, fewer emergency room visits, decreased hospitalizations and comorbidities, and fewer school absences. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidenced-based, family/patient-centered transition model of care. This review's primary goal is to provide an overview of challenges in the transition of care and recommendations for an ideal transition for patients with DS and LGS.