bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gut Microbiome
Authors: Roychoudhuri Kushal , Santra Saikat , Goswami Rajdip , Pal Bhaskar
Published: December 2024

The human body is influenced by different factors, like genetical, physiological, and external factors. It is necessary to mark that the constituents of the intestinal microbes significantly affects health, which involved the harmful microorganisms in a variety of practices that affect physical functions by promoting or reducing their existence. The GI-microbiome, a complex community of trillions of microbes that live in the GIT, contributes the principal role in digestive and overall health. This review examines the complex connections between the GI-microbes and multiple areas of human health, digestion, nutrient absorption, immune support, and mental well-being. This chapter also demonstrates the effects of microbial dysbiosis in host health, and the possibility of dietary intervention to regulate the intestinal microbes for the purpose of being probiotics, prebiotics, and intestinal microbes. Additionally, the complexities of the GI-microbiome in understanding of its important role in maintaining health and preventing disease are also discussed.
Evaluation of the Quality Properties of Paper Derived from Bacterial Cellulose from Banana Peels and Pineapple Peels: A Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Cobos Juan Valenzuela , Guevara Viejó Jorge Fabricio , Carrasquero Rodríguez Edwuin J. , Coello Viejó Jaime , Pacheco Olea Fernando
Published: December 2024

The Ecuadorian paper industry faces the constant challenge of seeking alternative raw materials to replace wood pulp in paper production and its derivatives to reduce production costs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality properties of paper derived from bacterial cellulose from two of Ecuador's most abundant agricultural residues: banana peels and pineapple peels. The influence of the productivity parameters of the bacterial cellulose produced on the quality properties of the derived paper is established using multivariate statistical methodologies. Fifteen treatments with different carbon sources in the microorganism's culture medium were applied: medium with glucose (T1), media with banana peel extracts at various concentrations (T2-T8), and media with pineapple peel extracts at various concentrations (T9-T15). After obtaining the cellulose, additives and coating solutions were added to produce paper. The results showed that high concentrations of banana peel extracts (T5-T8) were significantly related to the weight and yield of bacterial cellulose, as well as the grammage and water content of the paper. This demonstrates that the quality of bacterial cellulose and the nutritional composition of banana peel extracts are optimal for efficient and sustainable paper production.
In-House Synthesis and Characterization of Vitamin C and Glycerine Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Rasool Muhammad Hammad , Ahmad Maqsood , Siddiqui Numair Ahmed , Ali Husnain , Bajwa Nimra Tariq
Published: December 2024

This study introduces an innovative Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) based on Vitamic C (L-Ascorbic acid) and glycerine, delving into its synthesis, thermophysical characterization, and potential applications. A comprehensive exploration of thermophysical properties, including density, pH, surface tension, refractive index, and viscosity, was conducted. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was employed to gain insights into the molecular composition, revealing the emergence of new bonds within the NADES structure. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated notable weight loss post-180°C, primarily attributed to glycerin degradation. The nonlinear reduction in surface tension, refractive index, and viscosity with temperature underscores the adaptability of Ascorbic acid-based NADES for diverse industrial applications. Potential areas of utilization include pharmaceuticals as a solvent for enhancing drug solubility and stability, biotechnology in enzyme stabilization and biocatalysis, cosmetics as an antioxidant in skincare formulations, the food industry as a natural preservative and antioxidant, and environmental remediation for the extraction of heavy metals and organic pollutants. The environmentally friendly and low-toxicity characteristics of NADES position them as promising and sustainable alternatives. Nevertheless, further research and development are crucial to fine-tune their performance and customize properties to meet specific industrial requirements.
Experimental Investigation on the Physco-Mechanical and Protective Properties of Concrete Incorporating Layered Doublhydroxide (LDH)
Authors: Shohide Mostafa A.
Published: December 2024

The main perspective of this paper is enhancing the physico-mechanical and protective characteristics of concrete. This was achieved by incorporation Layered double hydroxide (LDH) in mix design of concrete with different doses. The concrete specimens were prepared with LDH percentages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2) % by the cement weight. After the characterization of LDH, the prepared concrete specimens were investigated as follows: the workability and density of the fresh concrete, effect of the addition of LDH on the compressive strength of hardened concrete were determined. The protective performance of concrete was evaluated by determining water absorption, contact angle, and chloride permeability. The obtained results detected that the physico-mechanical and protective performance of concrete are enhanced gradually by the addition of LDH up to 1.5% as follows; concrete slump decreased from 110 mm for control sample (concrete without LDH addition) to 47mm for M3 sample (concrete with 1.5% LDH) by 57% decrease percent. Density of concrete with 1.5% LDH increased by 5% as compared with control sample. Compressive strength increased by 25% for concrete with 1.5% LDH as compared with controls one. On the same time experimental results demonstrated that both water absorption and chloride permeability were decreased by 20% & 43% respectively, meanwhile contact angle increased by 24% for the same comparative samples. After this percent (1.5%), LDH is agglomerate and therefore unable to disperse uniformly so the optimum calculated percent of LDH for enhancing concrete performance is 1.5%.
Contact-Condensation Binders Containing in Polymers
Authors: Maistrenko Alla , Berdnyk Oksana , Amelina Natalia , Petrikova Evgenia , Trigub Volodimir
Published: December 2024

The current paper focuses on the processes which bring about the formation of water-resistant polymer-containing film coatings based on contact-condensation binders. With the aid of complex physical-chemical investigations, the interactions in the polymer silicate systems and especially those which are stipulated by the structure state of silicates have been studied. These silicates are represented by highly dispersed, amorphous or sub-microcrystalline phases. Established that, the properties of coatings, namely, increased water and atmospheric resistance, are determined by formation of chemical bonds in the system “Polyvinylacetate-calcium silicate hydrate”. Exposed the differences in the processes of structure formation, depending on the special features of the mineral components. The interaction activity of calcium silicate hydrates, to a cernain extent is higher than for the unhydrous analogues of the stable crystalline structure. Presented the experimental results of the developed contact-condensation binders for composite materials based on industrial waste products, particularly, red bauxite slime. Therefore, the technological processes for production of such binders are based on the methods which enable to synthesize materials with the given structural features. Hence, the present research is directed to the development of new white and coloured painting materials.
The Role of Gamma Irradiation in the Remediation of Hexachlorobenzene: A Study in 2-Propanol
Authors: Karimov Samir , Abdullayev Elshad , Gurbanov Muslum , Gasimzada Lala
Published: December 2024

This study demonstrates the effective dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in 2-propanol using γ-irradiation from a 60Co source, showcasing the potential of radiolysis for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remediation. Utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), we achieved nearly 100% degradation of HCB, quantifying and identifying the breakdown products throughout the process. The kinetic analysis revealed that HCB consumption follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with an effective rate constant of 4 x 10⁻⁵ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. Our findings indicate a systematic reduction in HCB to less chlorinated benzenes (CBs), including penta-(PCB), tetra-(TeCB), and trichlorobenzene (TCB), as confirmed by the mass spectra. The full pathway of HCB degradation involves sequential dechlorination steps: starting from HCB, it is first reduced to PCB, followed by TeCB, and then TCB. Although dichlorobenzenes (DCB), monochlorobenzene (MCB), and benzene formation are theoretically predicted, they were not detected in our experiments. The detailed examination of the radiation chemical yield (G value), the degree of consumption, and the concentration change as a function of absorbed dose highlights the robust capability of γ-radiolysis in the targeted decomposition of chlorinated compounds. These results underscore γ-radiolysis as a highly efficient method for the remediation of POPs.
Enhanced Cr(VI) Reduction Efficiency Using Clay Support and Hydrothermally Synthesized LTA Zeolite Composite Membrane
Authors: El-Kordy Abderrazek , Elgamouz Abdelaziz , Lemdek El Mokhtar , Kawde Abdel Nasser , Tijani Najib
Published: December 2024

The filtration of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) presents a significant challenge in water treatment due to its toxicity and environmental impact. This study is oriented towards the development of a zeolite-based membrane for the removal of Cr(VI) ions. Flat supports are made from clay with a particle size between 160 and 250 µm and then characterized by different techniques namely FTIR, XRD, and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The clay support creates a porous structure, ideal for adsorbing Cr(VI) ions, while the LTA-type zeolite membrane offers selective permeability, through its narrow pore size, tuning the volume down on Cr(VI). Filtration experiments were conducted under a pressure of 1.0 bar, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10-4 M and pH = 5.4 to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the composite membrane. Results demonstrate significant reduction in Cr(VI) concentration, with a 30% and 50% retention on the clay support and the LTA-zeolite membrane respectively. The proposed methodology has the potential to create advanced water treatment systems that can effectively remove Cr(VI) pollutants from aqueous solutions, thereby challenging important environmental issues.
Effect of GTAW and GMAW-STT Processes on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Pipe Joining between ASTM A106 Gr.B and ASTM A312 TP316/316L in 6G Position
Authors: Chanasavasook Thanawat , Lertvijitpun Pisak , Thublaor Thammaporn
Published: December 2024

This research used an ER309LSi filler material in both 6G positions in the gas metal arc welding-surface tension transfer (GMAW-STT) process in comparison to the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The goal of this research was to study the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of dissimilar pipe joining between ASTM A312 Gr. TP316/316L and ASTM A106 Gr.B. Tensile, bending, and Vickers hardness tests, as well as nondestructive methods, were used to test the weldment in accordance with ASME BPVC IX-2023. The experiment determined that both GMAW-STT and GTAW weldments produced non-destructive and mechanical testing results that met accepted standards. The microstructures of carbon steel are ferrite and Pearlite, stainless steel shows the presence of twin bands in the austenite matrix. It shows that the GMAW-STT process can be more productive than conventional GTAW. Furthermore, it can generate enough delta-ferrite content to prevent solidification cracking in the weld metal.
Changes in the Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam under Multi-Cycle Loading: Experimental Study
Authors: Mikulich Olena , Furs Tatiana , Shvabyuk Vasyl
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the influence of loading modes on polyurethane foam elements on the change in mechanical properties of the material under load, resulting in plastic deformation of the material. Studies were carried out on polyurethane foam samples with different ratios of polyol and isocyanate in the foam-forming mixture. From the materials obtained, groups of samples were formed for which a comparison was made of their mechanical behaviour when compressed under the action of a load that causes plastic deformation of the material. To evaluate the change in characteristics, multiple cyclic loading was carried out in the zone of plastic deformation and the change in Young's modulus under the action of such loading was studied.
Evaluation of Thermal Insulation and Air Permeability of Needle-Punched Nonwovens Recycled from Waste Pantyhose
Authors: Sezgin Hande , Yalçın Eniş Ipek , Maral Hıdır
Published: December 2024

Waste amount in the textile industry is rising in tandem with rising production and consumption levels. Reusing waste is always the best option, but for some textile products, this isn't the case. A ruptured pair of pantyhose is among the one of the best examples. Due to their delicate structure, these products are easily punctured, so they are disposed of in solid waste sites after 2-3 times use. In this study, it is aimed to recycle these pantyhose waste (polyamide/elastane), and use it in the production of thermal panels, and to statistically examine the effects of varying thickness and elastane content on the thermal insulation and air permeability of this material. In order to create nonwoven structures with varying thicknesses and elastane ratios, the pantyhose wastes converted into fiber form and then into carded web by using a carding machine. Then, a needle punching technology is used for the web formation process. The Minitab software program is used to analyze changes in air permeability and thermal conductivity coefficient between the samples using a full factorial experimental design. The findings indicate that while both factors affected air permeability, only the changing thickness had a statistically significant impact on the thermal conductivity coefficient.
Selective Laser Melting of Titanium Alloys: Simulation of Scanning Speed Effects with High Layer Thickness
Authors: Chuchuay Piyapat , Khemabulkul Kawintra , Ninpetch Patiparn , Kowitwarangkul Pruet
Published: December 2024

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process involves directing a laser beam onto a powder bed to create intricate metal parts. However, the as-built quality is strongly influenced by several process parameters, especially, laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness, and hatch spacing. Therefore, this study explored the impact of varying scanning speed (800 to 1,400 mm/s) on the temperature distribution and morphology of the melt pool using Ti-6Al-4V material with a high layer thickness of 80 μm and constant laser power of 170 W using numerical simulation. The temperature distribution, assessed from the top view and at the cross-sectional plane, showed that a lower scanning speed (v) or higher Linear Energy Density (LED) results in a wider hot zone. The effect of scanning speed on melt pool morphology and dimensions is demonstrated through the classification of molten pools based on the width-to-depth ratio of the melt track. The higher scanning speeds resulted in a transition mode, while low scanning speeds led to the formation of a keyhole mode. The findings indicate that under these specified conditions of laser power and powder layer thickness for Ti-6Al-4V, a scanning speed of 1000 mm/s is optimal, as it produces a weld with a w/d ratio that avoids the problematic keyhole mode while maintaining good weld morphology and quality.
Experimental Study of Material Anisotropy Effect for 3D Printing Elements
Authors: Kutsyk Sergiy , Mikulich Olena , Feshchuk Yurii
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of material anisotropy and the presence of tunnel inhomogeneity of 3D-printed elements relative to the direction of compression on the mechanical and strength characteristics of the obtained samples. Test samples made by 3D printing using PETG plastic were used for the research. Research was performed for solid samples and samples with a system of free and reinforced cavities. The results of experimental studies allow us to study the influence of the presence of geometric and structural heterogeneity of bodies on their mechanical and strength characteristics during their 3D printing. Thepeformed studies allow to optimally choose the modes of 3D printing of elements taking into account the anisotropy of the material in order to ensure their maximum strength characteristics. The results of experimental studies confirm the results of numerical calculations [1] obtained on the basis of the finite element method.
Assessment of the relationship between blood glucose indices and short-term outcome of patients with acute stroke in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Senevirathne A. , Ekanayake S. , Azher S. , Sudusinghe T. N.
Published: December 2024

Background: Studies reveal an inconsistent relationship between the prognostic effects of hyperglycaemia in acute stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blood sugar indices and short-term neurological deficit and short-term mortality in acute stroke patients.Methodology: This prospective study included acute stroke patients admitted to the National Hospital Kandy in Sri Lanka, using systematic random sampling. The random blood sugar (RBS) measurements on admission were recorded. The NIHSS score was used to assess the stroke severity on admission, on discharge, and 30 days post-stroke. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the 30-day functional outcome following the stroke. The data were analysed using Fisher's exact test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: For the 389 patients the mean age was 69 (±SD12) years with a female predominance (N=247,63.5%). There was a weak, positive, and significant correlation (r=0.164. N=307, P<0.05) between admission blood sugar value on the degree of disability (NIHSS) at the time of discharge.Among patients who died within 30 days, despite higher RBS (M=181.22, SD=92.12) compared to live patients (M=181.22, SD=92.12), no significant association was seen. Furthermore, 91 respondents at 30 days follow-up for the mRS were significantly associated with stroke type.
Eosinophilia as a manifestation of gall bladder carcinoma – A case report
Authors: Wickramasinghe M. C. , Matthias A. T.
Published: December 2024

Eosinophilia represents an increase in eosinophils in the tissues or blood. Blood eosinophilia is charac-terized by an increase in the circulating absolute eosinophils above the normal level of 0.5×109/L. The aetiology of eosinophilia is diverse, encom-passing primary, reactive, and idiopathic causes, thereby presenting a significant diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Paraneoplastic eosinophilia, a rare subset of reactive eosinophilia, has been docu-mented in association with various hematologic and solid organ malignancies. This underscores the necessity for a thorough differential diagnosis when encountering hyper eosinophilia in patients, to identify potential underlying neoplastic processes.We report a case of a 72-year-old man presenting with fever and constitutional symptoms was diag-nosed to have gallbladder carcinoma with extensive liver metastasis. The investigations revealed an absolute eosinophil count of 16.64×109 (38.7%) without any evidence of other cytopenia or abnor-mal cells in the blood picture. As there were no other apparent potential causes for reactive eosinophilia, this was strongly suggestive of a paraneoplastic eosinophilia associated with the underlying carcinoma. He succumbed to the illness two months later. This case report highlights the importance of considering paraneoplastic eosinophilia as a potential underlying cause when evaluating eosinophilia.
Health-related quality of life and its associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus attending the Rheumatology Clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka
Authors: Withanage D. J. , De Silva M.
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients attending the Rheumatology Clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients who were diagnosed with SLE based on 2012 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) criteria. The Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) which scores 0-100 for each of eight domains and summarised as Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS), with higher values indicating better functions and an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2k) 30-day score, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index, and sociodemographic data were used to collect data. A SLEDAI score of less than 6 was considered as “mild disease activity” while a score equal or higher than 6 was considered as “moderate to high disease activity“. SLICC damage index of 0 was considered as “no damage“ and > 0 was considered as “damage present“. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) (r 0.0- 0.3 - No correlation, r 0.3-0.5 weak, r 0.5 - 0.7 moderate, r >0.7 strong), and Student T-Test were used for data analysis.Results: Sixty participants were recruited from consecutive sampling, predominantly female (98.3%), with a mean age of 36.1 years (SD 12.96) and a mean disease duration of 6.01 years (SD 5.67). Forty-six (76.7%) of them had mild disease activity with a mean SLEDAI score of 5.08 (SD 8.39) and a mean SLICC damage index of 1.4(SD 1.21). Among the eight domains of SF-36 HRQoL of the total study group, the lowest score was in the general health domain with a mean value of 45.36 (SD 22.78), and the highest was in the social wellbeing domain at 74.01 (SD 26.53). The mean Physical Component Summary score (56.59, SD 27.04) was lower than the mean Mental Component Summary score of 65.69 (SD 25.08). Patients with moderate to high disease activity scored significantly lower (p<0.05) in all HRQoL domains and summary components compared to patients with mild disease activity. Physical and mental summary components negatively correlated with age (PCS r= -0.48, MCS r= -0.40) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (PCS r = -0.38, MCS r = -0.39).Conclusions: The disease had a negative impact on the quality of life of SLE patients with a higher disease activity causing a significant reduction in all aspects of HRQoL. Thus, actively assessing HRQoL, specially in those with above risks and managing accordingly will help to improve the overall outcome of SLE patients.
Bridging bench and bedside to explore the role of Indian polyvalent antivenom in treating snakebite in Sri Lanka
Authors: Silva A.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Rotorcraft Pitch–Surge Motion Cueing Considerations for a Simulated Offshore Approach Task: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Roscoe Josephine , White Mark D. , Hodge Steven J. , Padeld Gareth D.
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the findings from a preliminary rotorcraft pitch–surge motion fidelity study conducted using the University of Liverpool's HELIFLIGHT-R flight simulator. Two test pilots flew a decelerating offshore approach maneuver during which a disturbance was encountered.
The approach was own without simulator platform motion as a "baseline" case and with simulator motion using different combinations of pitch and surge motion filter coefficients. Pilot-awarded handling qualities and motion delity ratings for each motion conflguration, along with task performance
and control activity data, were gathered. The study concluded that for the approach own without motion, the dominant driver of workload was vertical rate control, and this was most significant during the approach at airspeeds less than 50 kt. When the approach was own with a disturbance, good
motion cues were judged to be achieved through careful selection of the motion lter scaling factors, the most favored combination being when the surge filter scaling factor was equal to the pitch filter scaling factor. Additionally, pilots preferred pitch–surge motions that were in the
correct sense, that is, absent of detectable washout or mismatched cues, rather than particularly "strong" initial motions. Consequently, increasing the pitch filter scaling factor was only beneficial with a moderate value of pitch break frequency of 0.4 rad/ s. The research has emphasized
the importance of tuned motion and highlighted the consequences of poor tuning to degradation in task performance and handling qualities when ying tasks with multiple, and potentially conflicting, motion demands; in this case pitch, surge, and heave.
Consulenza etica e nuove tecnologie per la salute: un binomio necessario
Authors: Consolandi Monica
Published: December 2024

L’evoluzione rapida delle nuove tecnologie, in particolare quando applicate al settore salute, richiede una riflessione etica che preceda la loro implementazione piuttosto che seguirla. Questa riflessione deve essere integrata sin dalle prime fasi di sviluppo tecnologico per garantire che le innovazioni siano allineate con i valori e i principi etici fondamentali. In questa sede, si propone un dialogo multidisciplinare che superi la tradizionale separazione tra hard sciences e soft sciences (come le scienze umane e sociali). Questo approccio integrato, definito come “ethics by design” o etica strutturale, mira a incorporare considerazioni etiche nel tessuto stesso della progettazione tecnologica. La rapida avanzata delle tecnologie mediche, come l’intelligenza artificiale applicata alla diagnosi e alla cura, solleva nuovi problemi etici, ma ritorna anche a questioni antiche, come la privacy, l’autonomia del paziente e l’equità nell’accesso alle cure. Un dialogo continuo e collaborativo tra scienze permette di affrontare queste sfide in modo olistico, tenendo al centro delle cure l’essere umano. Tale dialogo può contribuire a una comprensione più completa delle implicazioni etiche delle tecnologie emergenti, consentendo di anticipare i problemi e di sviluppare soluzioni che rispettino la dignità umana e promuovano il bene comune. La fusione di prospettive diverse facilita un’etica della progettazione che non solo risponde alle esigenze attuali, ma che è anche in grado di adattarsi e rispondere ai cambiamenti futuri in modo responsabile e sostenibile.
Evaluation of the efficacy of convalescent plasma in moderate to severe COVID-19 during 2020-2021: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kumar Sunny , Mehra Saurabh , Sircar Mrinal , Jha Onkar , Gupta Rajesh , Sinha Seema , Kaur Ravneet
Published: December 2024

Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is one of the treatment modalities used for COVID-19. Initial smaller studies showed the usefulness of CPT in COVID-19, but larger studies showed that it is not effective. This is a retrospective observational study conducted between 1st June 2020 and 31st July 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Noida, India. Our analysis was done on 213 COVID-19 patients, comprising 170 cases who were given convalescent plasma and 43 controls who did not get CPT. Outcomes analyzed were improvement in PaO2:FiO2 ratio (PFR) by day 5 of CPT, 28-day mortality, and level of inflammatory markers. Mean PFR before plasma transfusion was comparable between CPT and control groups (142.11±73.99 vs. 151.11±88.87, p=0.56). There was no significant difference in mean PFR after 5 days of CPT between cases and the control group (187.02±102.34 vs. 160.29±83.39, p=0.206). 28-day mortality was 47.05% in the CPT group and 37.20% in the control group (p=0.246). Mortality amongst the subgroup of patients on invasive mechanical ventilation was 89.74% in cases and 80% in controls (p=0.518). No significant difference was found in levels of serum ferritin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein between the two groups. Convalescent plasma does not have a significant effect on day 5 PFR and 28-day mortality. Our study could not find any subgroup of patients who would benefit from CPT. This study reinforces that CPT does not benefit moderate to severe patients with COVID-19.
Peripheral pulmonary lesion: novel approaches in endoscopic guidance systems and a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Lanfranchi Filippo , Michieletto Lucio
Published: December 2024

Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesion (PPL) is the most challenging field in bronchoscopy and interventional pulmonology, which concerns early lung cancer diagnosis. Despite novel techniques and new approaches to the periphery of the lung, almost 25% of PPLs remain undiagnosed. Bronchoscopy with guide systems, virtual and/or electromagnetic navigation, robotic bronchoscopy, and transparenchymal nodule approaches tend to provide a higher percentage of reaching the lesion, but the diagnostic yield rarely exceeds 75%, regardless of the instruments used. Further studies are needed to evaluate what the main constraints of this discrepancy are and if a combined use of these techniques and instruments can provide an increased diagnostic yield.
Recent South African court rulings on failing to disclose HIV status to sexual partners
Authors: Gardner Jillian B. , Khan Siraaj
Published: December 2024

In South Africa, the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) between partners is criminalised under general criminal law offences such as attempted murder, assault and rape, despite the absence of specific HIV-related legislation. Recent court cases have opened the door to securing convictions.Contribution: These cases highlight the serious legal consequences of non-disclosure and the importance of consent to sexual intercourse. Health professionals in South Africa have a legal and ethical duty to counsel patients on HIV and may be obligated to inform patients who refuse to disclose their status to their partners about the potential legal implications under South African criminal law.
Interpersonal relations of pregnant women post-HIV diagnosis in Thembisile Hani, South Africa
Authors: Mokoena-de Beer Andile G. , Mahlangu Sister V. , Makhavhu Eugene M.
Published: December 2024

Background: HIV is a major public health issue in South Africa, with around 7.7 million people living with the virus by 2023, including 4.9 million women. In 2022, 257 171 pregnant women received antiretroviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission.Objectives: To explore and describe the interpersonal relationships of pregnant women following HIV diagnosis in the Thembisile Hani Municipality, South Africa.Method: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used. Twenty (20) women aged 18–35 years, who were diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy, were purposively selected from a local clinic in Thembisile Hani Municipality. Data were collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Two themes emerged from the analysis; namely: (1) altered relationships with loved ones and (2) the role of psychosocial support to improve interpersonal relationships. These results indicate that being diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy has a negative impact on the interpersonal relationships of women.Conclusion: HIV diagnosis during pregnancy affects relationships, necessitating psychosocial support services such as counselling and support groups to improve well-being and relationship quality in pregnant women.
Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) Associations with Subclinical Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Remodelling in Young Subjects with Hypertension
Authors: Ezhova Nadezhda E. , Shavarova Elena K. , Kobalava Zhanna D. , Bazdyreva Elena I. , Shavarov Andrey A.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and eventually leads to cardiovascular events. Recently elaborated metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) is one of noninsulin-based scores for insulin sensitivity estimation. In previous studies, METS-IR was predictive for incident type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and arterial stiffness. Associations of METS-IR with subclinical myocardial damage were discussed in a few works.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to investigate relationship between IR estimated with METS-IR and early heart remodeling in young patients with hypertension.

Methods:

We included 96 hypertensive subjects free of diabetes mellitus aged 18–45 years in prospective cross-sectional study. In each patient, we estimated IR with homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR (HOMA-IR) and METS-IR scores, performed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography including 2D speckle-tracking.

Results:

Patients with the highest METS-IR quartile had significantly higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and differed from patients with lower METS-IR score in some of the diastolic function characteristics but not in LV global longitudinal strain. METS-IR had stronger correlation with most of the echocardiographic features of abnormal LV geometry and function, including LVMI, relative wall thickness, e’, E/e’, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, left atrial (LA) volume index, and LV global longitudinal strain, than HOMA-IR. In multiple regression analysis METS-IR was independently associated with LVMI (B = 0.80 [0.37; 1.22], P < 0.0001) and LA reservoir stain (LARs) (B = −0.40 (−0.57; −0.23), P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Noninsulin-based index of IR METS-IR is independently associated with LV and LA remodeling in young subjects with hypertension.
Prognostic Value of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Decompensation of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kobalava Zhanna D. , Ilyinichna Kontareva Natalya , Vladimirovna Tolkacheva Veronika , Vazgenovna Karapetyan Lala
Published: December 2024

Background:

Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADHF) is frequently complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), which worsens prognosis and increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Understanding the impact of AKI on combined renal and cardiovascular outcomes in ADHF patients remains critical for improving long-term management strategies.

Objective:

The objective of this study was To evaluate the prognostic value of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (ADHF) in relation to combined renal and cardiovascular outcomes during 1 year of follow-up.

Methods:

One hundred and eight patients hospitalized with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (mean age 68.3 ± 10.0 years, 60% men) were included in a single-center prospective study. All patients included in the study underwent a standard physical and laboratory instrumental examination, including an assessment of the clinical condition on the SHOCS scale, determination of serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) according to the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology formula, albumin-to-creatinine ratio in urine, and NTproBNP upon admission and discharge. The diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) was established on the basis of generally accepted criteria. The total rate of total mortality and repeated hospitalizations from all causes was estimated as cardiovascular outcomes. Renal outcomes included deterioration of renal function in the form of a decrease in GFR >15% of baseline and a decrease in GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 kg2. Combined renal and cardiovascular outcomes were assessed during outpatient visits 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge.

Results:

The incidence of AKI during hospitalization in patients with CHF was 14% (n = 15). The groups with and without AKI were comparable in terms of clinical and demographic parameters and clinical assessment scale parameters. However, patients in the AKI group were characterized by higher baseline values of NT-proBNP and more pronounced impaired renal function, which persisted for 6–12 months of follow-up. There were no significant differences in the patient’s clinical condition and the level of NT-proBNP during 1 year of follow-up. In patients with ADHF, the presence of AKI during hospitalization leads to a significant increase in the risk of combined renal and cardiovascular outcomes during 1 year of follow-up (heart rate = 7.6; 95% confidence interval = 2–29; P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

The development of AKI during hospitalization in patients with ADHD is a predictor of an unfavorable prognosis for combined renal and cardiovascular outcomes during 1 year of follow-up.
A comprehensive review of medicinal plants of Northeast India used in urolithiasis
Authors: Mahawar Sachin , Arya Atul , Singh Harsha , Kumar Suresh
Published: December 2024

Urolithiasis is a prevalent urinary disorder developed by the formation of calculi or stones in the excretory system with a high recurrence and morbidity rate. Urolithiasis is associated with changes in the physiochemical properties of the urine, along with the aggregation and nucleation of various stone-forming substances that contribute to stone formation, such as calcium, phosphate, and oxalate. Recent advancements in the medical sector have led to the use of allopathic medicines and interventional therapies, but these often come with high costs and may not consistently yield satisfactory outcomes. In contrast, conventional treatments are easily accessible, cost-effective, and lower the recurrence rate of stone-forming substances. Northeast India (NEI) is renowned for its abundant biodiversity of medicinal herbs used in herbal remedies by tribal and local people to address these stone-related issues. This review aims to analyze the data on 101 plants from 50 families obtained from various online databases. Among them, Rutaceae and Fabaceae families represent the highest number of plants used by the indigenous people of NEI, and Manipur (39) uses the highest number of plants against urolithiasis. Leaves (39) are the most commonly used plant part, and decoctions and juices are the most common modes of administration, taken orally. However, overexploitation, destruction, and various anthropogenic and natural calamities have resulted in the rapid vanishing of these resources and traditional knowledge. Therefore, their conservation is our first duty to protect these resources and save this indigenous knowledge for better mankind.
Bilinear Kloosterman sums in function fields and the distribution of irreducible polynomials
Authors: Bagshaw Christian
Published: December 2024

Inspired by the work of Bourgain and Garaev (2013), we provide new bounds for certain weighted bilinear Kloosterman sums in polynomial rings over a finite field. As an application, we build upon and extend some results of Sawin and Shusterman (2022). These results include bounds for exponential sums weighted by the Möbius function and a level of distribution for irreducible polynomials beyond 1/2, with arbitrary composite modulus. Additionally, we can do better when averaging over the modulus, to give an analogue of the Bombieri-Vinogradov Theorem with a level of distribution even further beyond 1/2.
The variation of the uncentered maximal operator with respect to cubes
Authors: Weigt Julian
Published: December 2024

We consider the maximal operator with respect to uncentered cubes on Euclidean space with arbitrary dimension. We prove that for any function with bounded variation, the variation of its maximal function is bounded by the variation of the function times a dimensional constant. We also prove the corresponding result for maximal operators with respect to collections of more general sets than cubes. The sets are required to satisfy a certain inner cone star condition and in addition the collection must enjoy a tiling property which for example the collection of all cubes does enjoy and the collection of all Euclidean balls does not.
On $T$-maps and ideals of antiderivatives of hypersurface singularities
Authors: Shi Quan , Yau Stephen S.-T. , Zuo Huaiqing
Published: December 2024

Mather-Yau's theorem leads to an extensive study about moduli algebras of isolated hypersurface singularities. In this paper, the Tjurina ideal is generalized as $T$-principal ideals of certain $T$-maps for Noetherian algebras. Moreover, we introduce the ideal of antiderivatives of a $T$-map, which creates many new invariants. Firstly, we compute two new invariants associated
with ideals of antiderivatives for ADE singularities and conjecture a general pattern of polynomial growth of these invariants.
Secondly, the language of $T$-maps is applied to generalize the well-known theorem that the Milnor number of a semi quasi-homogeneous singularity is equal to that of its principal part. Finally, we use the $T$-fullness and $T$-dependence
conditions to determine whether an ideal is a $T$-principal ideal and provide a constructive way of giving a generator of a $T$-principal ideal. As a result, the problem about reconstruction of a hypersurface singularitiy from its generalized moduli algebras is solved. It generalizes the results of Rodrigues in the cases of the $0$th and $1$st moduli algebra, which inspired our solution.
Coating, Plasma Spray Deposition
Authors:   AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers the engineering requirements for applying coatings to parts by the plasma spray process and the properties of such coatings.
INSERT, SCREW THREAD, NON-LOCKING, LOCKED IN, KEY LOCKED, HEAVY-DUTY, SELF-BROACHING KEYS, UNS S66286
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: December 2024

SCOPE IS UNAVAILABLE.
Między wolnością a regulacją. Kryptowaluty we współczesnej gospodarce – w poszukiwaniu pożądanego modelu
Authors: Mincewicz Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę polityki państw wobec powstania i rozwoju kryptowalut rozumianych jako zdecentralizowane waluty wirtualne, które funkcjonują w modelu komunikacji w sieci typu peer-to-peer, są zabezpieczone kryptograficznie, obrót nimi jest oparty na zaufaniu i konsensusie, a także spełniają w sposób niepełny niektóre funkcje pieniądza. Powstanie i rozwój kryptowalut są zdeterminowane wieloma zmianami zarówno w przestrzeni wirtualnej, jak i w rzeczywistości. Ich coraz większe znaczenie i wpływ na gospodarkę sprawiają, że po 15 latach od powstania bitcoina wydaje się konieczne zaprojektowanie polityki odpowiadającej na nowe wyzwania. Autor podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na tę potrzebę. Celem artykułu było stworzenie projektu modelowej polityki państw w zakresie obrotu kryptowalutami. Opracowano pięć takich projektów: 1) dominacji, 2) przyjaznego współistnienia, 3) leseferyzmu, 4) częściowej akceptacji, 5) zakazów. W artykule zaprezentowano empiryczną treść każdej z polityk, która powstała na podstawie wskaźników wypracowanych w trakcie wieloetapowego projektu badawczego. Te wskaźniki utworzyły indeks wolności kryptowalutowej. Następnie zostało przeprowadzone badanie ilościowe wśród użytkowników kryptowalut w Polsce. W ramach jednego z modułów tego badania wykorzystano wspomniany indeks. Badanie umożliwiło ewaluację wszystkich projektów polityk, a przedstawiony w artykule zarys wyników badania pozwolił zidentyfikować model polityki państwa oczekiwany przez użytkowników.
Determinant Factors Of Financial Distress In Construction Companies: Moderation By Company Size
Authors: Miradji Moh. Afrizal , Kamal Irsyad , Sartika Dewi , Purwanggono Cuk Jaka , Setiawan Iwan
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the influence of intellectual capital (IC), debt-to-equity ratio (DER), and return on assets (ROA) on financial distress moderated by company size. This study uses a quantitative method with secondary data derived from financial reports obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Construction companies listed on the IDX 2017-2022 became the research population, and the sampling technique used purposive sampling to obtain 10 construction company sub-sector samples with 60 observation data. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression with the help of EViews 10 software. The results of this study indicate that intellectual capital, ROA, and company size have a positive effect, but DER has a negative effect on financial distress; company size is proven to be able to moderate the effect of intellectual capital and ROA on financial distress. Company size cannot moderate the effect between DER and financial distress. This research can complement existing theories and be a reference for future research on financial distress. This research can serve as a guide for companies that want to improve their performance and for investors who assess company performance to obtain investment certainty; in addition, the management of stock issuers can maintain good company performance to increase investor confidence sustainably.
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE IN PLATO’S CRATYLUS
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet – Novi Sad, PEROVIĆ  A. Milenko
Published: December 2024

The paper analyzes the Plato’s philosophy of language in Cratylus, based on the belief of the author that this work established the philosophy of language and linguistics in the tradition of Western thought. The author argues that Plato is not a supporter of conventionalist or naturalistic understanding of the language. On the contrary, through the art of dialectical thinking, Plato shows dialecticism immanent to language, whereas its dialogic and polemical revelation indicates the value and limitations of both positions. In the Cratylus, Plato was on his way of decrypting the speculative relationship between lan-guage and existence.
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION INLITERARY CRITICISM
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, PETRENKO Serhii , ANTONOVA Maryna
Published: December 2024

Studies of natural language contributing to representation of information about the world are of interest to cognitive linguistics. The way how in-formation is stored and structured is fundamental to the study of conceptualisation of the world which, in its turn, gives meaning a central position. At the same time conveying meaning through literary texts is vital to literary criticism. According to the principles of cognitive linguistics applicable to the subject-matter of the research, the authentic literary texts are conceptualised, categorised and perceived initially by the critic and then by the reader. The critic provides the reader with hints in form of precedent texts. In order to understand the critic’s message it is vital that the reader shares the same background knowledge. The role of enumeration, allusions, anthroponyms, toponyms and code intertextuality in literary criticism have been analysed as the means representing knowledge. In literary texts enumeration is used in order to introduce writers and their literary works, as well as interpret the texts and summarise the presented ideas. Allusions, anthroponyms, toponyms and code intertextuality in literary criticism are used by critics to suggest analogies with books of writers, cite original texts and clarify opinions of other writers, critics and philosophers.