bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Imported Fruits and Vegetables in United Arab Emirates during 2019
Authors: Mageed Nasra M. Abd El- , Abdoun Ideisan I. Abu- , Janaan Abdulla S.
Published: January 2021

An accurate, rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of pesticide multi-residues in 9724 samples imported fresh fruits and vegetables by a method of  liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry LC–ESI (+)-MS/MS operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, two transitions for each compound in the presence of internal standards and modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the determination of 343 pesticides.

The performance of the analytical method was validated in accordance with EU SANCO guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019) for monitoring pesticide multi-residues. Residues of 93 compounds, mainly fungicides and insecticides, were detected in 3548 samples.

In this article, The potential applications of Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques on monitoring pesticide residues of target samples of imported fruits and vegetables in United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the year 2019 is reported. The need for a continuous monitoring program of pesticide residues in imported fruits and vegetables is highly recommended and continuous process control for health and safety practices and to adhere to international agricultural and environmental policies of the country.
Augmentation by Rafting Screw on Fixation of the Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Hegazy Osama El Sayed Ali , Romeih Mohamed Abd El Hameid , Mahmoud Ashraf Atef , Gharbo Nabil Omar
Published: January 2021

Background: Tibial plateau fracture is considered one of the most common intra-articular fractures, especially lateral condyle fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of using subchondral periarticular rafting screw above a lateral plate without bone grafting or substitute for Schatzker type II and type III fractures.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 43 patients above the age of 18, fit for surgery with closed tibial plateau fracture [lateral split depression (type II) and lateral depression (type III) according to Schatzker classification] time of trauma less than 14 days with no other skeletal injuries. All patients were followed up for at least six months. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and using subchondral periarticular screws as rafting construct to maintain articular surface and protect it from collapse. Analysis of clinical outcome was clinically based on Modified Rasmussen clinical scoring system and radiologically based on Rasmussen radiological knee scoring system.

Results: In our study, 28 females and 15 males with a mean age of 49.5 years, mechanisms of trauma were road traffic accidents in 26 cases, and fall from height in 17 cases, 24 cases with Schatzker type II fracture, and 19 with type III. According to functional Rasmussen score, acceptable results were 93.1%, (76.8% excellent & 11.6% good) while non-acceptable results were 6.9%, (4.6% fair & 2.3% poor). According to radiological Rasmussen score, acceptable results were 83.7%, (65% excellent & 18.7% good) while non-acceptable results were 16.3%, (9.3% & 7%). No significant difference was found between the studied groups regarding sex, side affected, type of fracture, and type of trauma. The final outcome was significantly affected by age, medical history.

Conclusions: Fixation using a subchondral periarticular rafting screws for lateral split-depression and lateral depression tibial plateau fractures without using bone graft or bone substitutes is a viable and good option during open reduction and internal fixation, helps surgeons achieve and preserve the anatomic joint line and normal mechanical axis, with superior functional results in the short term. Therefore, avoiding morbidity associated with bone grafting without compromising the fracture stability.
Hybrid shuffled frog leaping and improved biogeography‐based optimization algorithm for energy stability and network lifetime maximization in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tamilarasan Narayanasamy , Lenin S.B. , Jayapandian N. , Subramanian P.
Published: January 2021

Wireless sensor networks are significantly used for data sensing and aggregating dusts from a remote area environment in order to utilize them in a diversified number of engineering applications. The data transfer among the sensor nodes is attained through the inclusion of energy efficient routing protocols. These energy efficient routing necessitates optimal cluster head selection procedure for handling the challenge of energy consumption to extend the stability and lifetime in the sensor networks. The implementation of energy efficient routing is still complicated even when the process of clustering is enhanced through the cluster head selection. The majority of the existing cluster head selection schemes suffer from the issues of poor selection accuracy, increased computation, and duplicate nodes' selection. In this paper, hybrid shuffled frog leaping and improved biogeography‐based optimization algorithm (HSFLBOA) for optimal cluster head selection is proposed for resolving issues that are common in cluster head selection schemes. This proposed HSFLBOA used the objective function that used the parameters of node energy, data packet transmission delay, cluster traffic density, and internode distance in the cluster. The simulation results of the proposed HSFLBOA is determined to be significant in achieving superior throughput and network energy compared to benchmarked metaheuristic optimal cluster head schemes.
In silico design and synthesis of N‐arylalkanyl 2‐naphthamides as a new class of non‐purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Ho Sheau Ling , Lin Ching‐Ting , Lee Shoei‐Sheng
Published: January 2021

A series of N‐arylalkanyl 2‐naphthamides (Xa~e), which were predicted from virtual molecular docking on a built xanthine oxidase template as potential inhibitors, were synthesized. Their inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase was assayed. Among these prepared, compounds Xb (IC50 13.6 μM), Xc (IC50 13.1 μM), and Xd (IC50 12.5 μM) showed comparable inhibitory activity to allopurinol (IC50 22.1 μM). The in vitro assay result correlated well with molecular docking scores, ΔG = −16.99, −17.66, and −17.13 Kcal/mol, respectively. On the potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic mice model, oral administration of Xc‐Ac (40 mg/ Kg), the per‐O‐acetylated Xc, could reduce the blood uric acid level by 60% in comparison to the normal control group and is statistically significant (p < .01) while compared with the hyperuricemic mice group.
A new market risk management approach for commercial banks' fixed‐income securities trading accounts
Authors: Liu Chang , Lin Dongtao , Wang Yifeng , Qi Shuai
Published: January 2021

As the financial market in China persistently develops, the market risk of commercial banks' trading account and its risk management have become a heated topic for both financial institutions and regulatory authority. Based on the fixed‐income securities trading's daily practices of commercial banks, this paper develops a framework of market risk management for commercial banks' RMB trading accounts.
Studying Ideational Change in Russian Politics with Topic Models and Word Embeddings
Authors: Indukaev Andrey
Published: January 2021

This chapter applies computational methods of textual analysis to a large corpus of media texts to study ideational change. The empirical focus of the chapter is on the ideas of the political role of innovation, technology, and economic development that were introduced into Russian politics during Medvedev’s presidency. The chapter uses topic modeling, shows the limitations of the method, and provides a more nuanced analysis with the help of word embeddings. The latter method is used to analyze semantic change and to capture complex semantic relationships between the studied concepts.
Shifting the Norm: The Case of Academic Plagiarism Detection
Authors: Kopotev Mikhail , Rostovtsev Andrey , Sokolov Mikhail
Published: January 2021

This chapter describes how academic plagiarism poses a challenge for digital humanities, when sophisticated tools make it possible to discover inappropriate academic activity. Focusing on dissertations defended in Russia in recent years, the authors discuss academic plagiarism and examine the changing norms of academic integrity. Section 27.1 introduces the questions under consideration. The next describes various types of plagiarism and computational tools used to detect them. Section 27.3 reviews available digitized resources. The activities of the Dissernet network are described in Sect. 27.4, which presents an overall picture of findings based on large-scale (more than 50%) plagiarism in dissertations. The case study described in Sect. 27.5 concerns small-scale plagiarism within the same academic genre, raising the question of academic authenticity’s shifting norms.
Automatic Sentiment Analysis of Texts: The Case of Russian
Authors: Loukachevitch Natalia
Published: January 2021

The chapter considers the problems of automatic sentiment analysis of texts including processing multiple opinions, implicit and explicit sentiment, ambiguity of sentiment words, sentiment modifiers, irreal context, comparisons, et cetera. Main approaches to sentiment analysis are briefly presented, including the types of sentiment vocabularies. Most attention is given to Russian-specific components of automatic sentiment analysis: publicly available vocabularies and sentiment-related shared tasks.
Adhesion Improvement of Thermoplastics-Based Composites by Atmospheric Plasma and UV Treatments
Authors: Scarselli Gennaro , Quan Dong , Murphy Neal , Deegan Brian , Dowling Denis , Ivankovic Alojz
Published: January 2021

The present work is concerned with adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites used in general aerospace applications, including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) carbon fibre composites. Three different surface treatments have been applied to the PEEK, PPS and PEI-based composites in order to enhance the adhesion: atmospheric plasma, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and isopropanol wiping as a control. Water contact angles and free surface energies were measured following the standard experimental procedure based on the employment of three different liquid droplets. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were subsequently performed to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples after treatment. The single lap joints were manufactured and bonded by an Aerospace grade epoxy-based film adhesive originally developed for use on metals but with the ability to bond treated thermoplastics to good strength (supplied by Henkel Ireland). Quasi-static (QS) tests were conducted. The lap shear strength was evaluated, and the failure mechanisms of the different joints were examined for the range of surface treatments considered. It was found that the performances of the PEEK and PPS joints were considerably improved by the plasma and UV treatments resulting in cohesive and delamination failures, while PEI was unaffected by the plasma and UV treatments and performed very well throughout.
The Pornography “Rebooting” Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Abstinence Journals on an Online Pornography Abstinence Forum
Authors: Fernandez David P. , Kuss Daria J. , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: January 2021

A growing number of individuals using online forums are attempting to abstain from pornography (colloquially termed “rebooting”) due to self-perceived pornography-related problems. The present qualitative study explored phenomenological experiences of abstinence among members of an online “rebooting” forum. A total of 104 abstinence journals by male forum members were systematically analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of four themes (with a total of nine subthemes) emerged from the data: (1) abstinence is the solution to pornography-related problems, (2) sometimes abstinence seems impossible, (3) abstinence is achievable with the right resources, and (4) abstinence is rewarding if persisted with. Members’ primary reasons for initiating “rebooting” involved desiring to overcome a perceived addiction to pornography and/or alleviate perceived negative consequences attributed to pornography use, especially sexual difficulties. Successfully achieving and maintaining abstinence was typically experienced to be very challenging due to habitual behavior patterns and/or cravings triggered by a multiplicity of cues for pornography use, but a combination of internal (e.g., cognitive-behavioral strategies) and external (e.g., social support) resources made abstinence attainable for many members. A range of benefits attributed to abstinence by members suggest that abstaining from pornography could potentially be a beneficial intervention for problematic pornography use, although future prospective studies are needed to rule out possible third variable explanations for these perceived effects and to rigorously evaluate abstinence as an intervention. The present findings shed light on what the “rebooting” experience is like from members’ own perspectives and provide insights into abstinence as an approach for addressing problematic pornography use.
Interpretation Bias Across Body Dysmorphic, Social Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety Disorder—A Multilevel, Diffusion Model Account
Authors: Dietel Fanny Alexandra , Möllmann Anne , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Wilhelm Sabine , Buhlmann Ulrike
Published: January 2021

Background

Interpretation biases are suggested to be transdiagnostic phenomena, but have rarely been compared across different disorders and current concerns.

Methods

We investigated explicit, decision-based, and more implicit, reaction time-based interpretation bias in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD; N = 29), social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 36), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N = 22), and non-clinical controls (NC; N = 32), using an adapted Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP).

Results

Results indicated that interpretation bias occurred transdiagnostically, while content-specific bias patterns varied meaningfully across groups. BDD and SAD shared explicit and, more inconsistently, implicit interpretation biases for appearance-related and social situations. The GAD group exhibited an explicit and implicit negative interpretation bias for general situations, and an additional implicit lack of positive bias. Mechanistic Wiener diffusion model analyses revealed that interpretation bias patterns were mainly driven by speeded information uptake, potentially mirroring disorder-specific associative memory organization.

Conclusions

These findings have important implications for understanding interpretation biases as both etiological and treatment factors.
Investigation of university students’ behaviour in a Heterarchical twitter community
Authors: Yoshida Masami
Published: January 2021

We conducted an investigational study of the formulation of the heterarchical online knowledge-based community among university students, which also involved users outside a course. As an exercise in a course, students were assigned to post their opinions regarding global issues on Twitter to connect with social actors. The emerging all connections were collected by Twitter’s application programming interface. Dataset was categorised into types of behaviourgraphics, which were styles of online users’ individual behaviour, as proposed by Solis. There were 954 tweets by 197 users, and 13 within 20 types of behaviourgraphics were exhibited in the Twitter community. However, students’ isolated tweets without any connection occupied 74% of all tweets. The tweets of social actors counted for merely 14% of students’ tweets, and connections in the community proved to be sparse. Compared with the types of behaviourgraphics in the results of our previous study, we could identify the following problems in students’ messages: content without relational cues, inhibition points in the content, lack of communicative behaviour, insufficient consideration of timeline, and lack of likeability. The results indicate the need to cultivate students’ sociability skills and their pre-investigation of other communities in order to expand their knowledge-based community. In terms of future studies, we discuss the importance of promoting a bridge to enhance connections with another community.
Determination of Critical Separation Distance Between Dwellings in Informal Settlements Fire
Authors: Wang Yu , Gibson Lesley , Beshir Mohamed , Rush David
Published: January 2021

Approximately one billion people across the globe are living in informal settlements with a large potential fire risk. Due to the high dwelling density, a single informal settlement dwelling fire may result in a very serious fire disaster leaving thousands of people homeless. In this work, a simple physics-based theoretical model was employed to assess the critical fire separation distance between dwellings. The heat flux and ejected flame length were obtained from a full-scale dwelling tests with ISO 9705 dimension (3.6 m × 2.4 m × 2.4 m) to estimate the radiation decay coefficient of the radiation heat flux away from the open door. The ignition potential of combustible materials in adjacent dwellings are analyzed based on the critical heat flux from cone calorimeter tests. To verify the critical distance in real informal settlement fire, a parallel method using aerial photography within geographic information systems (GIS), was employed to determine the critical separation distances in four real informal settlement fires of 2014–2015 in Masiphumelele, Cape Town, South Africa. The fire-spread distances were obtained as well through the real fires. The probabilistic analysis was conducted by Weibull distribution and logistic regression, and the corresponding separation distances were given with different fire spread probabilities. From the experiments with the assumption of no interventions and open doors and windows, it was established that the heat flux would decay from around 36 kW/m2 within a distance of 1.0 m to a value smaller than 5 kW/m2 at a distance of 4.0 m. Both experiments and GIS results agree well and suggest the ignition probabilities at distances of 1.0 m, 2.0 m and 3.0 m are 97%, 52% and 5% respectively. While wind is not explicitly considered in the work, it is implicit within the GIS analyses of fire spread risk, therefore, it is reasonable to say that there is a relatively low fire spread risk at distances greater than 3 m. The distance of 1.0 m in GIS is verified to well and conservatively predict the fire spread risk in the informal settlements.
Into the Contact Zones of Heritage Diplomacy: Local Realities, Transnational Themes and International Expectations
Authors: Chalcraft Jasper
Published: January 2021

Heritage is increasingly promoted as a tool for economic and social development to help rebuild societies that have suffered conflict and deep social trauma. Heritage diplomacy is an emergent form of cultural relations that forms a ‘contact zone’ between different stakeholders and divergent expectations. This paper explores some aspects of this field of heritage diplomacy and develops a basic typology by contrasting the tension between the uses of ‘charismatic heritage diplomacy’ and more ‘careful heritage diplomacy’. It examines differences between local realities and international expectations of heritage by bringing together two case studies: one from a Creative Europe–funded project where civil society actors develop strategies for working with the difficult heritage that lies behind nationalist myths, and the other from a British Council–funded programme dealing with endangered heritage in the MENA region. Critical studies of heritage-making often pitch the local against the international, with grassroot activities contrasted with international rhetoric surrounding heritage places, objects and practices. However, this dichotomy can mask other actors and social dynamics, not least the subtleties of how the collective traumas of conflict play out in the cultural field. The idea of heritage diplomacy as a ‘contact zone’ (Clifford 1997) highlights that heritage-making in (post-)conflict cultural relations is an ontological encounter between international agents and the traumatised communities for whom the stakes are, inevitably, higher. Mediated through the transnational best practices of heritage professionals, and through the visible pragmatism of civil society heritage activists, the impacts of heritage-making nevertheless remain complicated and entangled.
Personalized Goals for Positive Behavioral Support: Engaging Directly with Children who have Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Gore Nick James , McGill Peter , Hastings Richard Patrick
Published: January 2021

Stakeholder involvement is fundamental to Positive Behavioral Support yet research in this area rarely obtains views of children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. This study aimed to develop and demonstrate a means of engaging directly with children to identify personalized goals and priorities for their future support. An augmented communication approach was used to facilitate interviews with children who had a range of disabilities and displayed behavior that challenges. The interviewer asked children about activities, their own behavior, a caregiver’s behavior, and quality of life to focus future potential assessment and intervention. We completed interviews in at least some areas with 9 out of 14 children. Children prioritized goals for future support and evidenced insight into behavior, needs, and preferences. These findings have promising implications for further direct engagement of children with disabilities throughout a support pathway to achieve outcomes rich in social validity.
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine: Uptake, Attitude, and Knowledge Among Patients Receiving Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy
Authors: Cox Fionnuala , King Catherine , Sloan Anne , Edgar David J. , Conlon Niall
Published: January 2021

Influenza is a potential cause of severe disease in the immunocompromised. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, in spite of adequate replacement therapy, are at risk of significant morbidity and adverse outcomes. A seasonal vaccine is the primary prophylactic countermeasure to limit disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitude, knowledge, and influenza vaccine uptake among Irish patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT), as well as uptake in co-habitants. Fifty-seven percent of patients receiving IgRT at a regional immunology referral center completed a questionnaire evaluation. Seventy-six percent of IgRT patients received the influenza vaccine for the 2019 season. Ninety-eight percent recognized that influenza could be prevented with vaccination, and 81% deemed it a safe treatment. Ninety-three percent correctly identified that having a chronic medical condition, independent of age, was an indication for vaccination. Despite excellent compliance and knowledge, many were not aware that vaccination was recommended for co-habitants, and only 24% had full vaccine coverage at home. Those who received advice regarding vaccination of household members had higher rates of uptake at home. This study demonstrates awareness and adherence to seasonal influenza vaccine recommendations among patients receiving IgRT. Over three quarters felt adequately informed, the majority stating physicians as their information source. We identified an easily modifiable knowledge gap regarding vaccination of household members. This data reveals a need to emphasize the importance of vaccination for close contacts of at-risk patients, to maintain optimal immunity and health outcome.
Identifying and Responding to the Complex Needs of Domestic Violence Housing Practitioners at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nnawulezi Nkiru , Hacskaylo Margaret
Published: January 2021

The social, financial, and emotional repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic has left many organizations that support survivors of intimate partner violence questioning how to maintain core services while addressing compounding individual, organizational, and public health issues. Stay-at-home orders and other COVID-19 mitigation strategies have resulted in reduced shelter availability and increased intimate partner violence rates. Coupled with the economic impact of the pandemic, these factors have threatened financial and housing stability. To better understand these challenges and provide immediate support, The National Alliance for Safe Housing (NASH) co-hosted a peer support call to provide a virtual platform for practitioners to ask questions, discuss challenges, and share strategies for quality service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 800 practitioners from across the United States participated in the NASH call, most of whom were advocates, program directors, and managers. NASH gathered data on practitioners’ needs from a brief survey from the registration form analyzed using conventional inductive content analysis. Practitioners’ primary concerns were situated within eight questions, which we categorized into four meta-categories: (1) managing residential housing programs; (2) getting survivors materials resources; (3) keeping staff safe; and (4) maintaining organizational operations. The paper concludes with community-grounded and empirically supported practice recommendations aligned with practitioners’ expressed needs.
Fitness of F1 hybrids between 10 maternal wild soybean populations and transgenic soybean
Authors: Liu Jin Yue , Sheng Ze Wen , Hu Yu Qi , Liu Qi , Qiang Sheng , Song Xiao Ling , Liu Biao
Published: January 2021

The releasing of transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises concerns that transgenes might escape from the soybeans via pollen into their endemic wild relatives, the wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.). The fitness of F1 hybrids obtained from 10 wild soybean populations collected from China and transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean was measured without weed competition, as well as one JLBC-1 F1 hybrid under weed competition. All crossed seeds emerged at a lower rate from 13.33–63.33%. Compared with those of their wild progenitors, most F1 hybrids were shorter, smaller, and with decreased aboveground dry biomass, pod number, and 100-seed weight. All F1 hybrids had lower pollen viability and filled seeds per plant. Finally, the composite fitness of nine F1 hybrids was significantly lower. One exceptional F1 hybrid was IMBT F1, in which the composite fitness was 1.28, which was similar to that of its wild progenitor due to the similarities in pod number, increased aboveground dry biomass, and 100-seed weight. Under weed competition, plant height, aboveground dry biomass, pod number per plant, filled seed number per plant, and 100-seed weight of JLBC-1 F1 were lower than those of the wild progenitor JLBC-1. JLBC-1 F1 hybrids produced 60 filled seeds per plant. Therefore, F1 hybrids could emerge and produce offspring. Thus, effective measures should be taken to prevent gene flow from transgenic soybean to wild soybean to avoid the production F1 hybrids when releasing transgenic soybean in fields in the future.
Variation of pectineus muscle forming a hiatus
Authors: Kim Hankyu , Nam Yong Seok
Published: January 2021

Knowledge of the anatomic variations in the pectineus muscle is important for vascular surgeons to minimize complications following surgical approach to the distal part of the deep femoral artery. During routine dissection of the thigh, variations in the bilateral pectineus muscles were identified in an 82-year-old male cadaver. On both sides, the superficial and deep layers of the pectineus were divided at its distal part, forming a triangular-shaped hiatus between them and the femur shaft. Distally, the tendon of the superficial part intermingled with the tendon of the adductor longus. The tendon of the deep part was inserted into the pectineal line. On the right side, the deep femoral artery and its first perforating artery passed through the hiatus. On the left side, the deep femoral artery pierced the hiatus, and then, the first perforating artery was branched from the deep femoral artery. No reported case has described a pectineal hiatus. The variations observed in this study are an ontogenetic vestige of the two different origins of the pectineus. The insertion of the superficial layer into the adductor longus tendon suggests a close relationship between these muscles during prenatal development. Surgeons should be aware of the variation to minimize injury to the pectineus muscle while approaching the deep femoral artery.
Natural kind terms again
Authors: Raatikainen Panu
Published: January 2021

The new externalist picture of natural kind terms due to Kripke, Putnam, and others has become quite popular in philosophy. Many philosophers of science have remained sceptical. Häggqvist and Wikforss have recently criticised this view severely. They contend it depends essentially on a micro-essentialist view of natural kinds that is widely rejected among philosophers of science, and that a scientifically reasonable metaphysics entails the resurrection of some version of descriptivism. It is argued in this paper that the situation is not quite as dark for the new theory of reference as many critics suggest. There are several distinct questions here which should not be conflated and ought to be dealt with one by one. Descriptivism remains arguably problematic.
The Outlook of the Development of Innovative Products from Biocompatible Natural Spider Silk in the Beauty Thread-Lifting Industry
Authors: Qing Chen , Li Qi-yan , Xue Nan-nan , Yuan Shi-meng , Liu Chuan-jun , Zhang Cheng-gui , Li He-wei , Zhao Yu
Published: January 2021

Embedding thread lift rhytidectomy, also known as “thread lifting” in China, with the natures of simple operation, less trauma and quick recovery, is progressively used in clinical practice as a new technology of face lifting. Herewith, a brief introduction of the previous advances of thread lifting techniques and materials in the facial beauty industry, combined with the discussion on various types of sutures, common complications, and the site of actions were provided. The main limitations of present thread lifting material include: (1) the use of non-absorbable sutures is liable to cause allergies and a series of complications; (2) the absorbable sutures are easily degradation, and people need to reshape in a relatively short period. Therefore, the high biocompatible spider silk was proposed as a novel material of thread lifting suture and related devices, the advantages and preliminary achievements on spider silk were also addressed.

Graphic Abstract
Geophysical Detection and Assessment of Leveled Mounds: An Example from the Upper Mississippi Valley
Authors: Green William , Wiewel Adam S. , De Vore Steven L.
Published: January 2021

Most earthen burial mounds of eastern North America have been destroyed—or have they? We review geophysical methods for assessing whether leveled mounds retain intact deposits or features. Magnetic survey holds promise for locating and evaluating leveled mounds because it is rapid and sensitive to magnetic variations associated with anticipated features such as pits and deposits of mound fill. As a case study, we discuss our magnetic survey of the Gast Farm site (13LA12) in eastern Iowa. The survey covered 8.64 ha, encompassing loci of one previously reported mound and possible geometric earthworks as well as Middle and Late Woodland habitation areas. Interpretation of survey results incorporated quantitative differentiation of magnetic anomaly types using GIS techniques, along with standard visual inspection. We found no evidence of geometric earthworks but identified at least six leveled mounds. Displaced mound fill appears to account for the earthwork-like features. We conclude that leveled mounds are detectable and may retain subsurface integrity. Their associated features, including burials, may be identifiable even when above-ground evidence has disappeared.
The Resolution of International Commercial Disputes – What Role (if any) for Continental Europe?
Authors: Rühl Giesela
Published: January 2021

The past sixteen years have witnessed the proliferation of international commercial courts around the world. However, up until recently, this was largely an Asian and a Middle Eastern phenomenon. Only during the past decade have Continental European countries, notably Germany, France and the Netherlands, joined the bandwagon and started to create new judicial bodies for international commercial cases. Driven by the desire to attract high-volume commercial litigation, these bodies try to offer international businesses a better dispute settlement framework. But what are their chances of success? Will more international litigants decide to settle their disputes in these countries? In this essay, I argue that, despite its recently displayed activism, Continental Europe lags behind on international commercial courts. In fact, although the various European initiatives are laudable, most cannot compete with the traditional market leaders, especially the London Commercial Court, or with new rivals in Asia and the Middle East. If Continental Europe wants a role in the international litigation market, it must embrace more radical change. And this change will most likely have to happen on the European––not the national––level.
BOUNDS FOR INDEXES OF NILPOTENCY IN COMMUTATIVE RING THEORY: A PROOF MINING APPROACH
Authors: FERREIRA FERNANDO
Published: January 2021

It is well-known that an element of a commutative ring with identity is nilpotent if, and only if , it lies in every prime ideal of the ring. A modification of this fact is amenable to a very simple proof mining analysis. We formulate a quantitative version of this modification and obtain an explicit bound. We present an application. This proof mining analysis is theleitmotiffor some comments and observations on the methodology of computational extraction. In particular, we emphasize that the formulation of quantitative versions of ordinary mathematical theorems is ofindependent interestfrom proof mining metatheorems.
Evaluation of a multisectoral intervention to mitigate the risk of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in long-term care facilities
Authors: Vijh Rohit , Prairie Jessica , Otterstatter Michael C. , Hu Yumian , Hayden Althea S. , Yau Brandon , Daly Patricia , Lysyshyn Mark , McKee Geoff , Harding John , Forsting Sara , Schwandt Michael
Published: January 2021

Objective:

A Canadian health authority implemented a multisectoral intervention designed to control severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during long-term care facility (LTCF) outbreaks. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention 14 days after implementation.

Design:

Quasi-experimental, segmented regression analysis.

Intervention:

A series of outbreak measures classified into 4 categories: case and contact management, proactive case detection, rigorous infection control practices and resource prioritization and stewardship.

Methods:

A mixed-effects segmented Poisson regression model was fitted to the incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), calculated every 2 days, within each facility and case type (staff vs residents). For each facility, the outbreak time period was segmented into an early outbreak period (within 14 days of the intervention) and postintervention period (beyond 14 days following the intervention). Model outputs quantified COVID-19 incidence trend and rate changes between these 2 periods. A secondary model was constructed to identify effect modification by case type.

Results:

The significant upward trend in COVID-19 incidence rate during the early outbreak period (rate ratio [RR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.11; P < .001) reversed during the postintervention period (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67–0.80; P < .001). The average trend did not differ by case type during the early outbreak period (P > .05) or the postintervention period (P > .05). However, staff had a 70% larger decrease in the average rate of COVID-19 during the postintervention period than residents (RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10–0.88; P < .05).

Conclusions:

Our study provides evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in LTCFs. This intervention can be adapted and utilized by other jurisdictions to protect the vulnerable individuals in LTCFs.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532
Authors: Negri Stefania
Published: January 2021

On July 1, 2020, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2532 on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world and its impact on international peace and security. After determining that “the unprecedented extent of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security,” the Council called upon all parties to armed conflicts to apply an “immediate cessation of hostilities” and to engage in “a durable humanitarian pause … in order to enable the safe, unhindered and sustainable delivery of humanitarian assistance, provisions of related services by impartial humanitarian actors … and medical evacuations.” The resolution marks the first time the Security Council has called for a global ceasefire in connection with an international health emergency.
A Permutation-Based Changepoint Technique for Monitoring Effect Sizes
Authors: Kent Daniel , Wilson James D. , Cranmer Skyler J.
Published: January 2021

Across the social sciences, scholars regularly pool effects over substantial periods of time, a practice that produces faulty inferences if the underlying data generating process is dynamic. To help researchers better perform principled analyses of time-varying processes, we develop a two-stage procedure based upon techniques for permutation testing and statistical process monitoring. Given time series cross-sectional data, we break the role of time through permutation inference and produce a null distribution that reflects a time-invariant data generating process. The null distribution then serves as a stable reference point, enabling the detection of effect changepoints. In Monte Carlo simulations, our randomization technique outperforms alternatives for changepoint analysis. A particular benefit of our method is that, by establishing the bounds for time-invariant effects before interacting with actual estimates, it is able to differentiate stochastic fluctuations from genuine changes. We demonstrate the method’s utility by applying it to a popular study on the relationship between alliances and the initiation of militarized interstate disputes. The example illustrates how the technique can help researchers make inferences about where changes occur in dynamic relationships and ask important questions about such changes.
PAEANIC MARKERS IN AESCHYLUS,CHOEPHOROI150–63
Authors: Brandwood Steven
Published: January 2021

Ἠλ. ὑμᾶς δὲ κωκυτοῖς ἐπανθίζειν νόμος, 150παιᾶνα τοῦ θανόντος ἐξαυδωμένας.Χο. ἵετε δάκρυ καναχὲς ὀλόμενονὀλομένωι δεσπόταιπρὸς ῥεῦμα τόδε κεδνῶν κακῶν τ’ἀπότροπον, ἄγος ἀπεύχετον 155κεχυμένων χοᾶν.κλύε δέ μοι σέβας, κλύ’, ὦ δέσποτ’, ἐξἀμαυρᾶς φρενός.ὀτοτοτοτοτοτοῖ⋅ἴτω τις δορυσθενὴς ἀνὴρ 160ἀναλυτὴρ δόμων †Σκυθιτά τ’ ἐν χεροῖνπαλίντον’ ἐν ἔργωι† βέλη ’πιπάλλων Ἄρηςσχέδιά τ’ αὐτόκωπα νωμῶν ξίφη.

152–63 lectio dubia 154 ῥεῦμα Weil: ἔρυμα Μ κεδνῶν κακῶν τ᾽ Schütz: κακῶν κεδνῶν τ᾽ Μ; locum interpr. DoddsCQ3 (1953), 13–15 155 ἄγος ΜΣ: ἄλγος Μ; ἄγος χοᾶν ad ῥεῦμα (= ῥεῦμα χοᾶν) adpositum est 157 μου Blaydes σέβας κλύ᾽ Bamberger: κλύε σέβας Μ 160 ἴτω Bothe: ἰὼ Μ 161 seq. Σκυθιτά, supra ιτ scr. ης, Μ; Σκύθης an Σκυθικά incertum; fort. Σκυθικά τ᾽ ἐν χεροῖν | ἐναργῶς (Bothe) βέλη κτλ., del. παλίντονα tamquam e schol. ad Σκυθικά illatum 163 ξίφη Pauw ex ΜΣ: βέλη Μ
Animal food products: policy, market and social issues and their influence on demand and supply of meat
Authors: Henchion Maeve , Zimmermann Jesko
Published: January 2021

The present paper aims to contribute to the contentious debate regarding the role of meat as part of a sustainable diet. It uses secondary data to examine the patterns of meat consumption across the globe, and drawing on academic and grey literature, it outlines some of the policy, market and social trends and issues influencing demand and supply of meat. It also presents an overview of the scientific evidence base regarding the pros and cons of meat consumption. The results show that consumption patterns are not homogeneous globally, nor across meat types, with overall meat consumption increasing strongly in developing countries but stagnating in developed countries, and demand for poultry increasing in most regions in contrast to beef. They also illustrate the evolving impact of factors such as income on consumption and the increasing impact of non-economic factors, such as social and policy influences relating to health and the environment, on food choice behaviours, to the extent that such behaviours are increasingly entering a moral space. Given the solid scientific evidence that simultaneously substantiates arguments to increase and decrease meat consumption, it is clear that dietary recommendations need to be context-specific. An important part of the context is the strategies being pursued by researchers and supply chain actors, from farmers through to processors, retailers and food service operators, to improve the sustainability credentials of livestock production. As new evidence emerges from such initiatives, the context will change which means that dietary guidelines will require continuous review.
The use of tonal coarticulation in segmentation of artificial language speech: A study with Mandarin listeners
Authors: Guo Zhe-Chen , Ou Shu-Chen
Published: January 2021

Tonal carryover assimilation, whereby a tone is assimilated to the preceding one, is conditioned by prosodic boundaries in a way suggesting that its presence may signal continuity or lack of a boundary. Its possibility as a speech segmentation cue was investigated in two artificial language (AL) learning experiments. Mandarin-speaking listeners identified the “words” of a three-tone AL (e.g., [pé.tī.kù]) after listening to six long speech streams in which the words were repeated continuously without pauses. The first experiment revealed that segmentation was disrupted in an “incongruent-cues” condition where tonal carryover assimilation occurred across AL word boundaries and conflicted with statistical regularities in the speech streams. Segmentation was neither facilitated nor inhibited in a “congruent-cues” condition where tonal carryover assimilation occurred only within the AL words in 27% of the repetitions and never across word boundaries. A null effect was again found for the congruent-cues condition of the second experiment, where all AL word repetitions carried tonal carryover assimilation. These findings show that tonal carryover assimilation is exploited to resolve segmentation problems when cues conflict. Its null effect in the congruent-cues conditions might be linked to cue redundancy and suggest that it is weighted low in the segmentation cue hierarchy.
Analysis of Emergency Medical Rescue in the “8–12” Tianjin Port Heavy Fire Explosion Accident
Authors: Dong Wenlong , Jin Jie , Lu Ming , Ding Hui , Lv Qi , Fan Haojun , Hou Shike , Fan Bin
Published: January 2021

With the progress in science and technology, hazardous chemicals are becoming more essential in chemical products, industrial and agricultural production, and daily life. Hazardous chemicals have poisoning, corrosive, explosive, and combusting natures; once on fire, they can trigger a chain of catastrophic incidences, resulting in casualties, property loss, and environmental pollution and posing hazards to life and property. Using the “8–12” explosion of the Ruihai Logistics warehouse in Tianjin Port (Binhai New District, China), the present study analyzes the characteristics of trauma of the casualties in this accident and the emergency medical rescue strategies. The goals were to improve the ability of emergency rescue in such accidents and to save people’s lives and property to the maximum extent.
Illinois Court Holds Physicians Liable Under Learned Intermediary Doctrine
Authors: E.T.B.
Published: January 2021

In Martin v. Ortho Pharmacetrtical Corp. (No. 78520,1996 Ill. LEXIS 5 (Jan. 18, 1996)), the Supreme Court of Illinois held that, although a federal regulation requires pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide direct warnings to consumers about the dangers associated with oral contraceptives, this regulation does not constitute an exception to the learned intermediary doctrine and the manufacture will not be held strictly liable. The court declined to recognize an exception for manufacturers of contraceptives due to important policy considerations and the legislative intent underlying the learned intermediary doctrine. The doctrine is based on the assumption that prescribing physicians, not pharmaceutical manufacturers, are in the best position to provide direct warnings to patients concerning the dangers associated with prescription drugs. The decision may affect patients whose medical care providers are unable to account for drug propensities or patient susceptibilities. Additionally, patients with forgetful or inarticulate health care providers are at risk.
Indiana Court Denies Pharmaceutical's Claim Under Blood Shield Act
Authors: J.P.D.
Published: January 2021

The Indiana Court of Appeals, in JKB, Sr. v. Armour Pharmaceutical Co. (No. 49A029506CV341, 1996 WL 22708 (Ind. Ct. App. Jan. 24, 1996)), held that the state's Blood Shield Act does not protect pharmaceutical companies that produce blood-derived products from product liability suits based on injuries attributable to tainted blood supplies. Blood shield statutes help to guarantee adequate blood supplies by limiting the liability of blood banks. This holding limits the defenses available to pharmaceutical companies sued under product liability theory.

The defendant, Armour Pharmaceutical, produces and sells clotting factor agents, which are derived through plasmapheresis. Plasmapheresis is a costly and complex donation process through which the plasma and red blood cells of a donor's blood are separated. After separation, the process returns the red blood cells to the donor but retains the plasma.
Cigna Settles with Health Care Providers
Authors: Chu Michael
Published: January 2021

On February 2,2004,U.S. District Judge Federico Moreno issued the final order and judgment authorizing a settlement between the HMO CIGNA Healthcare and the physicians who treated patients covered by CIGNA, ending the companys involvement in the larger class action In re Managed Care Litigation, which stil includes eight other HMOs. The settlement, estimated by plaintiffs experts to be worth 1.3 billion, mandates changes in the companys business and disclosure practices, establishes a non-profit foundation dedicated to the promotion of high quality health care, and guarantees at least 70 million in payments to the physicians. Similar in scope to the settlement approved between the physician class and Aetna Healthcare in October 2003,the settlement could potentially set a new standard for transparency and physician involvement in billing practices; however, much depends on the outcome of the remainder of the class action, which is set to go to trial later this year.