bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of requirements for scientific articles and Brazilian legislation on rainwater harvesting systems
Authors: Drummond Ana Sofia , Almeida Jaqueline Costa , Domingos Ryan Rodrigues , Nunes Dayana Martins , Soalheiro Lívia , Cunha Priscila Maria , Obraczka Marcelo , Ohnuma Jr. Alfredo Akira
Published: July 2022

The main aim of this study was to assess the determining factors, such as storage capacity, water quality and public policies, involved in the publication of scientific articles. It also sought to investigate the influence of Brazilian legislation on particular systems for harnessing rainfall in Brazil. The methodology entailed conductinga bibliographical research of the municipal, State and federal legislation in force in Brazil for the governance of technical standards and the scientific articles about the harvesting of rainwater. A total of 6 technical standards were analyzed, together with 56 legal referrals and 63 articles from national and international periodicals taken from the Google Cloud Platform for Education, SciELO, Science Direct and CAPES, and based on the principal keywords such as a “system for harnessing rainfall” and “rainwater harvesting systems”. The results show that the works that predominated were studies on the qualitative and quantitative features of rainfall and that around 80% of the publications analyzed, addressed/made use of the main legislative instruments with regard to storage, water quality and the construction and operation of systems.All the Brazilian States with the exception of three (Minas Gerais, Roraima and Pará), have at least one incentive policy for the creation or installation of catchment systems, storage and the harvesting of rainwater in the country. It can be concluded that the laws sanctioned in Brazil for rainwater are of recent origin and that they provide mechanisms for offering incentives and ensuring their enforcement in accordance with technical criteria. However, they need updating so that there can be a broader understanding of the question of how  policies for the management of water operate in the country.
U Kapaydiman nu Kaydian a Ivatan: Suicide Cases in the Province of Batanes
Authors: Billote William Jo Se , Ponce Ryan , Ponce Trixie Elaine , Alcantara Anthony , Ballada Fay Ann , Calma Trisha Mhay , Duya Alyson Dessiree , Gasilao Allysa Mae , Salengua Marcela , Villegas John Russell
Published: July 2022

Suicide has received attention in the global public health arena and its effect has a prolonged-lasting psychological trauma on friends and relatives. This prompted the researchers to systematically analyze the possible underreporting of suicide cases, particularly in the province of Batanes. There are no studies of trends in the incidence of suicide that have been undertaken in the province. Thus, it aimed to provide a complete picture of the problem's size and facilitate better-informed decisions concerning prevention priorities such as high-risk age or sex groups and the most common suicide methods. The study used a descriptive research design and inventory questionnaires to gather data from six (6) municipal civil registrars from the different municipalities in the province of Batanes. Based on the results, causes of death are asphyxiation, gunshot, and alcohol intoxication, and the municipality with the highest committed cases is Basco, Batanes. Additionally, males are more inclined to commit suicide than females, and young and middle-aged individuals have more committed self-inflicted cases than older people. It has also been found that suicide cases have risen from 2010 to the present.
Phytochemical Screening, Cytotoxic Activity, and Proximate Analysis of Split Gill Mushroom (Schizophyllum commune)
Authors: Acanto Ricky , Cuaderes Van Helen , Gomoto Priscila
Published: July 2022

Mushrooms play an essential role in the ecosystem and have provided humans with numerous benefits in terms of food and medicinal sources. The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents, cytotoxic activity, and proximate analysis of a widespread mushroom in the region, Schizophyllum commune. Qualitative phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract were conducted using the test tube method and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). Proximate analysis was carried out using the standards the Association of Analytical Chemists set. Results revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The linear regression analysis showed that the extracts exhibited a highly cytotoxic activity on brine shrimp with an LC50 value of 55.64 ppm. The cytotoxicity of the extract is mainly attributed to its phytochemical content. Proximate analysis revealed that the sample was composed primarily of moisture with high protein and low-fat content levels. Results support that S. commune is a good protein source and a healthy diet choice. The study may serve for further ethnobotanical, nutritional, and pharmacological studies.
Exploring the Knowledge, Awareness and Practice Regarding Post COVID-19 Mucormycosis among Dental Professionals in Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Vivekanandan Sakthisri , Karthikeyan GR , Balasubramaniyan Balaguhan , Ayyathurai Mathanmohan , Velu Deepak , Devar M Nirmala
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The incidence of mucormycosis in post COVID19 cases increased in the second wave. Patients who had COVID-19 infection with pre-existing co-morbidities underwent treatment and resultant immunosuppression made them vulnerable to secondary infections like mucormycosis. Aim: To analyse the knowledge, level of awareness and practice among the dental professionals towards the mucormycosis infection in patients of post COVID-19 disease. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2021 to June 2021 among 428 dental professionals residing in Tamil Nadu, India. The 16 item questionnaire consisted of questions about knowledge, awareness and practice regarding post COVID-19 mucormycosis infection by dental professionals and were sent to the dental practitioners through online portals. The responses were tabulated and the results were analysed using Chi-square test. Results: The study participants included 264 (61.68%) females and 164 (38.32%) males dental professionals. The dental professionals who participated were in the age range of 21 years to 45 years with a mean of 29.87±6.52 years. The subjects were categorised under general dental practitioners 254 (59.34%), postgraduate students 96 (22.4%), specialty dental practitioners 78 (18.22%). Total 406 (94.86%) respondents agreed that oral examination is necessary for post COVID-19 patient. Out of 428, 306 (71.49%) of the participants responded that tooth pain associated with headache is a watchful sign in diabetic post COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: This study emphasises the role of dental professionals in diagnosis and management of mucormycosis infection in patients of post COVID-19 disease. Dental professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge about post COVID-19 mucormycosis. This may act as a source of information for the future pandemic crisis.
Novel Synthetic Peptide-based Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Antibody Detection in Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Tiwari Ragini I , Bhullar Shraddha S , Chandak Nitin H , Baheti Neeraj N , Daginawala Hatim F , Singh Lokendra R , Kashyap Rajpal S
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Viral infections of Central Nervous System (CNS) are associated with severe neurological sequelae and can lead to significant morbidity if not adequately diagnosed and treated. An immunological assay detecting antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of the patients is widely used for diagnosis of viral infections of the CNS. In the present study, diagnostic efficacy of in-house designed synthetic peptide based Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was evaluated for detection of antibodies against neurotropic viruses panel such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue (DENV), West Nile Virus (WNV) and Chandipura Virus (CHPV) in CSF of suspected cases. Aim: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of in-house developed synthetic peptide-based ELISA in viral infections of the CNS. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Central India Institute of Medical Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The suspected case of CNS viral infections of the patients were enrolled in this study from January 2013 to December 2015. Total 150 suspected cases of viral CNS infections and 135 control cases were recruited. Total 32 synthetic peptides of highly immunogenic proteins of respective seven neurotropic viruses were designed and synthesised. The designed peptides were evaluated in CSF samples of both the viral CNS infections and control cases for detection of Imunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies using in-house developed antibody detection method. The developed tests were further compared with commercially available antibody detection ELISA kit. The sensitivity and specificity of peptide-ELISA were determined by Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis and p-value was calculated by comparison of means by t-test. Results: Out of total 150 cases of CNS viral infections, a total of 31 CSF samples including 15 for CMV and 16 of JEV were positive by in-house peptide ELISA. The synthetic peptides STGDVVDISP, KQKSLVEL, RTLEVFKE, RSSNVED of CMV and ITYECPK, RRSVSVQT, GESSLVN of JEV showed a significant difference in mean absorbance value for IgM and IgG antibodies in CSF of suspected cases of viral CNS infection. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the synthetic peptide-based ELISA is rapid, cost-effective, simple and efficient immunodiagnostic assay for initial screening of viral CNS infection.
A Nine Years Histopathological Retrospective Study of Retroperitoneal Masses
Authors: Telagavi Kanchana Umashankar , Bhavikatti Bharati Mohan , Reddy Purushottam
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Retroperitoneum is potentially large space that allows both primary and metastatic tumours to grow silently before clinical signs and symptoms appear. However, retroperitoneal masses due to their unhinhibited growth and with no facial boundaries they are often attain large size before the development of symptoms and the establishment of a diagnosis. There are a vast number of neoplasms occurring in this region. Understanding the pathology and lesions is important, for early diagnosis and for treatment of these neoplasms. Aim: To study the overall prevalence of primary and secondary retroperitoneal neoplasms and the varied histomorphological spectrum of retroperitoneal masses. Also to categorise the lesions as benign and malignant tumors of retroperitoneum. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubballi, Karnataka, India from 2011 to 2019. A total of 39,757 speimens were recieved to histopathology section during this period. Among them, 53 (0.13%) were retroperitoneal tumours. Haematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were thoroughly analysed and categorised into non neoplastic, benign and malignant tumours. Further, based on the finer microscopic features, the accurate subtype of the tumour type was made. The descriptive statistics like mean, range and percentage are used. Results: Total 53 cases of retroperitoneal tumours were studied of which 10 (18.9%) cases were primary retroperitoneal masses and 43 (81.1%) cases were secondary retroperitoneal masses. Mean age was 40.7 years with male to female ratio 1.5:1. Malignant lesions were more common accounting to 50.9% cases, followed by benign 22.64% cases, the rest were intermediate grade and inflammatory. Kidney lesions were most common secondary retroperitoneal masses, accounting for 41.5% cases, followed by pancreas 22.64% cases, adrenals 13.20% cases and Lymphnodes 3.7% cases. Primary retroperitoneal masses which accounted for 18.9% cases were, categorised histomorphologically as spindle cell tumours, adipocytic, small round cell tumours, cartilaginous origin and cystic lesions. Conclusion: Diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumours is challenging due to their varied histomorphology and histopathology forms the gold standard for diagnosis.
Adverse Drug Reactions and Anaesthesia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Thangavelu Ramyavel , Ranjan RV
Published: July 2022

Adverse drug reactions are defined as the effects created by drugs producing unintended or noxious response in doses normally used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of diseases. Adverse drug reactions under anaesthesia occur by a number of mechanisms and several risk factors are often involved. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to anaesthetic drugs ranges between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 20,000. Electronic databases were searched to obtain the relevant literature with keywords related to adverse drug reactions and anaesthesia. Total 110 articles were reviewed, bibliography cross-checked and relevant literature was included. This article discusses about the adverse drug reactions to various anaesthetic as well as non anaesthetic drugs used intraoperatively. Anaphylaxis under anaesthesia, its pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, management and prevention has also been discussed in detail. Allergic drug reactions and anaphylaxis in the operating room often presents unique diagnostic concerns as the early signs of anaphylaxis are often masked under general anaesthesia. The use of surgical drapes and use of multiple potential allergen drugs under anaesthesia also make the diagnostic process difficult. Thus, an adequate knowledge, understanding, vigilance and proper documentation with reporting in case of an event is warranted by the attending anaesthesiologist for a good perioperative outcome with decreased morbidity and mortality.
Assessment of Farmers' Adoption Level of Climate Change Adaptation Practices in the Southern Parts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Philip H. , Paramasivam Sivaraj , Thulasiram R. , Vivekanathapatmanaban G. , Manivannan N.
Published: July 2022

Climate change is a global hazard to the world's food and nutritional security. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere rise, so does the temperature due to the greenhouse effect. The average world temperature is steadily rising and is expected to climb by 2 degrees Celsius by 2100, resulting in significant global economic losses. Climate variability in the form of temperature and precipitation may impact on agricultural production and productivity. The study was conducted in the wetland, dryland, and garden land farming systems of the Tamil Nadu districts of Madurai and Sivagangai with a sample size of 120 farmers. Descriptive statistics were used in this study. For compare all three systems; a simple percentage analysis was performed. The majority of respondents in the wetland (65.00%), dryland (70.00%), and garden land (75.00%) farming reported a medium level of climate change adaptations. Cropping system diversification includes mixed cropping (65.00%), intercropping (36.66%), perennial and tree crop agriculture (30.00%), and fallow cropping (25.8%). Summer ploughing (36.67%) and micro-irrigation systems (34.17%) were among the water conservation strategies used by nearly one-third of those polled. The majority of respondents (85.00%) were rearing cattle   followed by working as a  r worker (off-farm activities) (56.67%) in the local industry is the second most common income diversification activity done by farmers.Government and agencies must play an important role in improving farmers' adaptive capacity by disseminating agrometeorological data and tools, conducting vulnerability assessments, and providing policy advice to strengthen institutional approaches to disaster risk reduction so that farmers can respond to the immediate risks of climate change and make the best use of climate variability.
Factors Affecting Adoption of E-commerce among Youngsters in J&K UT: An Empirical Study
Authors: Kumar Bushan , Antahal Prakash C.
Published: July 2022

People no longer have to leave their homes to shop, yet the situation has completely altered. The computer and internet age accomplished everything. Humans may call it a marketing watershed moment. A huge number of vendors are flooding the market on a daily basis, mostly targeting the youth, owing to the rising frequency of internet use among the young generation. Four main features of internet purchasing as regarded by young customers are revealed in the research. It was observed that the four important characteristics that impact young customers' impressions of online buying are perceived risk, perceived advantages, perceived trust, as well as perceived ease of use. To summarise, online shoppers continue to lack confidence as well as trust in using the Internet as a commerce channel. When interacting with internet shops, they are most concerned with concerns of privacy as well as trust. If these difficulties are not addressed, they will have a detrimental effect on the future expansion of online commerce in J&K. Sample of 207 respondents were surveyed to know the factors that affects the adoption of E-commerce among youngsters in J&K. The study concludes that the factors that affects the adaptation of E-commerce among youngsters in J&K are availability of technology required for e-commerce business, cost of implementation, Privacy and confidentiality, security, Income of the population, product’s authenticity, good internet service, better after sale services, Fast delivery services and Trust of consumers.
Risk Assessment of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Residues in Soil and Rice Samples Harvested in Selected Rice Farms of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu Ogbuagu Josephat , Princewill Okeke Abuchi
Published: July 2022

This work investigates the level of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues in soil and rice samples collected from Otukpo farmland area of Benue State. Ten soil samples and five different species of rice samples were collected from the farmlands to determine the concentration of DDT residues. Standard analytical methods were employed for the determination of some physicochemical parameters (pH, total organic carbon, moisture content and cation exchange capacity) of the samples. Collected samples were analyzed for residues of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after careful extraction and cleanup. Risk assessment was carried out by determining the hazard indices. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that the mean pH value of soil samples is 6.2 indicating slight acidity as compared to rice 7.34 which is approximately neutral and within WHO acceptable limits. The mean total organic carbon (TOC) value is 14.57% while the mean cation exchange capacity is 7.85 meq/100g in soil. DDT was detected with average concentration of 10.5 mg/kg in soil and 3.41 mg/kg in rice which is above the EU/WHO and MRL recommended rate of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg. Harzard indices employed in this research shows that rice species are fit for consumption with the exception of those with Hazard Index level greater than one in children. The contamination levels of DDT in the analyzed soil based on national standards are considered toxic for crop production but analysis shows that the uptake level of DDT from soil to crop is very low which makes the rice cultivaled fit for consumption.
The effect of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia in Restoration of Gastrointestinal Motility after Cesarean Section
Authors: Wally Naglaa Fathy , Khayat Ahmed Mahmoud El , Elgebaly Ahmed Saeid , Ahwal Lamiaa Mohamed El
Published: July 2022

Background: Cesarean section is the delivery of a foetus through an open abdominal incision (laparotomy) and a uterine incision (hysterotomy). One of the most common postoperative complications is a dynamic paralysis (ileus) that must be minimized due to its serious consequences including delayed enteral feeding resulting in patient discomfort, prolonged hospitalization and increased health care costs. The pathophysiology of postoperative ileus is multifactorial. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of general versus spinal anesthesia in regain of the intestinal motility after elective cesarean section.

Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted on 150 pregnant women aged from18 to 35 years, who were set for elective caesarean section under either general or spinal anesthesia, attending to the Obstetrics and Gynecology department from August 2020 to October 2021. The participants were subdivided into 2 equal groups, group I included women delivered by using general anesthesia and group II included women delivered by using spinal anesthesia.

Results: Shows 1st intestinal, 1st passage flatus, 1st passage motion and hospital stay were significantly increased among general group than the spinal group (P = 0.001*).

Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia results in a quicker return of bowel activity after cesarean section than general anesthesia with difference and spinal anesthesia results in a quicker return to home as it decreases the length of hospital stay with significant difference between both groups.
Telemedicine-the Most Convenient Method to Deal with Mental Health during the Pandemic-apollo Telehealth’s Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Ali Mubasheer , Sheikh Tabassum , Nazneen Ayesha , Thaploo Vikram
Published: July 2022

Aims: This descriptive study aims to understand the positive impact created by tele counselling services on patients’ mental health during the COVID pandemic.

Study Design: Qualitative Descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Medical Response Center, Apollo Telehealth.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 496 patients (194 Female, 301 male) who called the helpline number to seek psychological counselling over the period of 1 year 7 months (January 2020 to July 2021). The inclusion criteria included clients who had completed the counselling session successfully, Clients between 10 years and above, and Clients who availed the psychological counselling sessions.Clients below 9 years of age and Clients who are not enrolled as corporate beneficiaries of Apollo Telehealth were excluded from the research study.

Results: The majority of utilization was observed in the 18 states captured are Maharashtra (32%) followed by Karnataka (14%), Punjab (9%), Telangana (8%), Delhi (5%). It was also observed that 4% of our clients were slightly cautious about disclosing the state they were calling from however completed the session with us. The majority of clients (61%) were men aged between 30-39 years, married (65%).

86% seeked help for their self-issues and 14% called for support and guidance for their family and friends. Clients approached primarily for (37%) emotional issues followed by Interpersonal issues (22%).

Conclusion: The study findings support the continued use of telehealth services offered by mental health providers and organizations, as respondents indicated a desire to use these services as it was found to be more useful and helpful in dealing with their mental health issues and conditions during the pandemic. In summary, the results demonstrate a large shift in telehealth use and provide an encouraging outlook for the use of tele counselling and tele mental health services after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transcription factor EB controls both motogenic and mitogenic cell activities
Authors: Astanina Elena , Bussolino Federico , Doronzo Gabriella
Published: July 2022

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) belongs to the microphthalmia family of bHLH‐leucine zipper transcription factors and was first identified as an oncogene in a subset of renal cell carcinomas. In addition to exhibiting oncogenic activity, TFEB coordinates genetic programs connected with the cellular response to stress conditions, including roles in lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and modulation of metabolism. As is the case for other transcription factors, the activities of TFEB are not limited to a specific cellular condition such as the response to stress, and recent findings indicate that TFEB has more widespread functions. Here, we review the emerging roles of TFEB in regulating cellular proliferation and motility. The well‐established and emerging roles of TFEB suggest that this protein serves as a hub of signaling networks involved in many non‐communicable diseases, such as cancer, ischaemic diseases and immune disorders, drug resistance mechanisms, and tissue generation.
Energy‐Controllable Exciton‐Polariton Bose–Einstein Condensation in Perovskite Microstrip Cavities
Authors: Ren Ang , Tang Ji , Jiang Zhengjun , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2022

Manipulating exciton‐polaritons (EPs) to condense into different energy states is critically important for the development of polariton‐related fundamental mechanisms and functional devices. Although various schemes are proposed for this purpose, exploiting tunable traps originating from the structure itself suffers from concomitant nonradiative recombination and dephasing effects, which limits the investigation of polariton physics and hinders their application in polaritonic devices. Here, a strategy to achieve energy‐controllable EP Bose–Einstein condensation in rationally designed low‐dimensional perovskite microcavities based on the lateral confinement and ballistic propagation of polariton condensates is demonstrated. Perovskite single‐crystal microstrips with finite lateral size provide multiple discrete polariton states. The distribution of polariton condensates among different energy states is effectively modulated by means of EP propagation in perovskite microstrips. With this new concept, stable polariton lasing with excellent wavelength‐switchability is realized. These results offer useful insight into using 1D polariton systems to construct all‐optical polaritonic circuit applications at room temperature.
Interpretable Machine Learning Models to Predict the Resistance of Breast Cancer Patients to Doxorubicin from Their microRNA Profiles
Authors: Ogunleye Adeolu Z. , Piyawajanusorn Chayanit , Gonçalves Anthony , Ghislat Ghita , Ballester Pedro J.
Published: July 2022

Doxorubicin is a common treatment for breast cancer. However, not all patients respond to this drug, which sometimes causes life‐threatening side effects. Accurately anticipating doxorubicin‐resistant patients would therefore permit to spare them this risk while considering alternative treatments without delay. Stratifying patients based on molecular markers in their pretreatment tumors is a promising approach to advance toward this ambitious goal, but single‐gene gene markers such as HER2 expression have not shown to be sufficiently predictive. The recent availability of matched doxorubicin‐response and diverse molecular profiles across breast cancer patients permits now analysis at a much larger scale. 16 machine learning algorithms and 8 molecular profiles are systematically evaluated on the same cohort of patients. Only 2 of the 128 resulting models are substantially predictive, showing that they can be easily missed by a standard‐scale analysis. The best model is classification and regression tree (CART) nonlinearly combining 4 selected miRNA isoforms to predict doxorubicin response (median Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.56 and 0.80, respectively). By contrast, HER2 expression is significantly less predictive (median MCC and AUC of 0.14 and 0.57, respectively). As the predictive accuracy of this CART model increases with larger training sets, its update with future data should result in even better accuracy.
Unraveling the Stable Cathode Electrolyte Interface in all Solid‐State Thin‐Film Battery Operating at 5 V
Authors: Shimizu Ryosuke , Cheng Diyi , Weaver Jamie L. , Zhang Minghao , Lu Bingyu , Wynn Thomas A. , Burger Randall , Kim Min‐cheol , Zhu Guomin , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: July 2022

Spinel‐type LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the most promising 5 V‐class cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries that can achieve high energy density and low production costs. However, in liquid electrolyte cells, the high voltage causes continuous cell degradation through the oxidative decomposition of carbonate‐based liquid electrolytes. In contrast, some solid‐state electrolytes have a wide electrochemical stability range and can withstand the required oxidative potential. In this work, a thin‐film battery consisting of an LNMO cathode with a solid lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) electrolyte is tested and their interface before and after cycling is characterized. With Li metal as the anode, this system can deliver stable performance for 600 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency >99%. Neutron depth profiling indicates a slight overlithiated layer at the interface prior to cycling, a result that is consistent with the excess charge capacity measured during the first cycle. Cryogenic electron microscopy further reveals intimate contact between LNMO and LiPON without noticeable structure and chemical composition evolution after extended cycling, demonstrating the superior stability of LiPON against a high voltage cathode. Consequently, design guidelines are proposed for interface engineering that can accelerate the commercialization of a high voltage cell with solid or liquid electrolytes.
Japanese multicenter prospective study investigating laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer with evaluation of CRM and TME quality (PRODUCT trial)
Authors: Takemasa Ichiro , Hamabe Atsushi , Ito Masaaki , Matoba Shuichiro , Watanabe Jun , Hasegawa Suguru , Kotake Masanori , Inomata Masafumi , Ueda Kazuki , Uehara Kay , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Ikeda Masataka , Hanai Tsunekazu , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Nakano Daisuke , Yamagishi Shigeru , Okita Kenji , Ochiai Atsushi , Sakai Yoshiharu , Watanabe Masahiko ,   Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Published: July 2022

Aim

In Japan, we have not been able to validate the results of laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer using the universal index “circumferential resection margin (CRM).” Previously, we established a semi‐opened circular specimen processing method and validated its feasibility. In the PRODUCT trial, we aimed to assess CRM in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection.

Methods

This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma located at or below 12 cm above the anal verge with clinical stage II or III and were scheduled for laparoscopic or robotic surgery. The primary endpoint was pathological CRM. CRM ≤1 mm was defined as positive.

Results

A total of 303 patients operated on between August 2018 and January 2020 were included in the primary analysis. The number of patients with clinical stage II and III was 139 and 164, respectively. Upfront surgery was performed for 213 patients and neoadjuvant therapy for 90 patients. The median CRM was 4.0 mm (IQR, 2.1‐8.0 mm), and CRM was positive in 26 cases (8.6%). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that a predicted CRM from the mesorectal fascia of ≤1 mm on MRI was the significant factor for positive CRM (P = .0012 and P = .0045, respectively).

Conclusion

This study showed the quality of laparoscopic rectal resection based on the CRM in Japan. Preoperative MRI is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer to prevent CRM positivity.
Detecting pathogenic deep intronic variants in Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Rossanti Rini , Horinouchi Tomoko , Sakakibara Nana , Yamamura Tomohiko , Nagano China , Ishiko Shinya , Aoto Yuya , Kondo Atsushi , Nagai Sadayuki , Awano Hiroyuki , Nagase Hiroaki , Matsuo Masafumi , Iijima Kazumoto , Nozu Kandai
Published: July 2022

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare, autosomal recessive, salt‐losing tubulopathy caused by loss of function in the SLC12A3 gene (NM_000339.2), which encodes the natrium chloride cotransporter. The detection of homozygous or compound heterozygous SLC12A3 variants is expected in GS, but 18%–40% of patients with clinical GS carry only one mutant allele. Previous reports identified some pathogenic deep intronic variants in SLC12A3. Here, we report the screening of SLC12A3 deep intronic variants in 13 patients with suspected GS carrying one mutated SLC12A3 allele. Variant screening used the HaloPlex Target Enrichment System Kit capturing whole introns and the promotor region of SLC12A3, followed by SureCall variant analysis. Rare intronic variants (<1% frequency) were identified, and pathogenicity evaluated by the minigene system. Deep intronic variant screening detected seven rare SLC12A3 variants from six patients. Only one variant showed pathogenicity in the minigene system (c.602‐16G>A, intron 4) through activation of a cryptic acceptor site. No variants were detected in the promotor region. Deep intronic screening identified only one pathogenic variant in patients with suspected GS carrying monoallelic SLC12A3 variants. Our results suggest that deep intronic variants partially explain the cause of monoallelic variants in patients with GS.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound‐guided pericapsular nerve group block for superior pubic ramus fracture in the emergency department: A case report
Authors: Cripps Elinor , Fahey Alan , Snelling Peter James
Published: July 2022

Pelvic fragility fractures, such as pubic ramus fractures, are a common and painful condition in the elderly population. Despite this, there are few regional anaesthesia options available to effectively relieve pain in these fracture types and avoid potential side effects from opioid administration. This case report describes an elderly patient with a superior ramus fracture, who received effective pain relief with motor sparing, using a standard‐volume point‐of‐care ultrasound‐guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block performed in the emergency department. The standard‐volume PENG block performed by an emergency clinician appears to be a safe, effective and feasible regional anaesthesia technique for superior pubic ramus fracture, with the additional benefit of motor sparing that may potentially facilitate earlier mobilisation and discharge.
Motor performance, praxis, and social skills in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Kilroy Emily , Ring Priscilla , Hossain Anusha , Nalbach Alexis , Butera Christiana , Harrison Laura , Jayashankar Aditya , Vigen Cheryl , Aziz‐Zadeh Lisa , Cermak Sharon A.
Published: July 2022

Previous research has shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may have overlapping social and motor skill impairments. This study compares ASD, DCD, and typically developing (TD) youth on a range of social, praxis and motor skills, and investigates the relationship between these skills in each group. Data were collected on participants aged 8–17 (n = 33 ASD, n = 28 DCD, n = 35 TD). Overall, the clinical groups showed some similar patterns of social and motor impairments but diverged in praxis impairments, cognitive empathy, and Theory of Mind ability. When controlling for both social and motor performance impairments, the ASD group showed significantly lower accuracy on imitation of meaningful gestures and gesture to command, indicating a prominent deficit in these praxis skills in ASD.

Lay Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have social and motor skill impairments to varying degrees. This study compares ASD, DCD, and typically developing (TD) youth on a range of social, praxis, and motor skills. ASD and DCD shared similar patterns of gross and fine motor skills, but differed in skills related to making gestures. Specifically, our results also suggest that ASD has a prominent deficit in gesture performance and meaningful imitation compared to TD and DCD groups.
Augmenting glycosylation‐directed folding pathways enhances the fidelity of HIV Env immunogen production in plants
Authors: Margolin Emmanuel , Allen Joel D. , Verbeek Matthew , Chapman Ros , Meyers Ann , van Diepen Michiel , Ximba Phindile , Motlou Thopisang , Moore Penny L. , Woodward Jeremy , Strasser Richard , Crispin Max , Williamson Anna‐Lise , Rybicki Edward P.
Published: July 2022

Heterologous glycoprotein production relies on host glycosylation‐dependent folding. When the biosynthetic machinery differs from the usual expression host, there is scope to remodel the assembly pathway to enhance glycoprotein production. Here we explore the integration of chaperone coexpression with glyco‐engineering to improve the production of a model HIV‐1 envelope antigen. Calreticulin was coexpressed to support protein folding together with Leishmania major STT3D oligosaccharyltransferase, to improve glycan occupancy, RNA interference to suppress the formation of truncated glycans, and Nicotiana benthamiana plants lacking α1,3‐fucosyltransferase and β1,2‐xylosyltransferase was used as an expression host to prevent plant‐specific complex N‐glycans forming. This approach reduced the formation of undesired aggregates, which predominated in the absence of glyco‐engineering. The resulting antigen also exhibited increased glycan occupancy, albeit to a slightly lower level than the equivalent mammalian cell‐produced protein. The antigen was decorated almost exclusively with oligomannose glycans, which were less processed compared with the mammalian protein. Immunized rabbits developed comparable immune responses to the plant‐produced and mammalian cell‐derived antigens, including the induction of autologous neutralizing antibodies when the proteins were used to boost DNA and modified vaccinia Ankara virus‐vectored vaccines. This study demonstrates that engineering glycosylation‐directed folding offers a promising route to enhance the production of complex viral glycoproteins in plants.
Changes in the disease burden of breast cancer along with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019 and its projections: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Cui , Nie Jinjin , Wang Lili , Zhang Zhen , Li Yuli
Published: July 2022

Background

To investigate the secular trends in breast cancer burden with attributable risk factors, and make projections over time, which would contribute to the control and prevention of breast cancer.

Methods

We extracted detailed data on breast cancer incident cases and age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), deaths and age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), as well as the attributable risk factors in China from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the changing trends. The national DALYs attributable to Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) values were also presented. Projections to 2030 were estimated using the Bayesian age‐period‐cohort model.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the number of breast cancer incident cases increased fourfold to 375,484, with deaths and DALYs over doubling to 96.306 and 2,957,454, respectively. The ASIR (EAPC = 2.84; 95% CI, 2.74–2.95) and ASMR (EAPC = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00–0.12) increased, while the ASDR decreased with the EAPC of −0.13 (95% CI, −0.19 to −0.06) at the same period. The ASDR varied across provincial regions, which appeared to be in a wave‐like upcurve with SDI values increasing. High body mass index became the first contribution to breast cancer DALYs for females in 2019, and alcohol use for males. Breast Cancer incident cases and deaths would increase to 587.7 and 125.6 thousand in 2030, of which there will be 577.1 and 122.7 thousand for females, and 10.6 and 2.9 thousand for males, respectively.

Conclusion

Breast cancer remains a major public health problem in China. The absolute burden has been increasing over time, and varied across sex and regions. To control the potential risk factors and develop specific strategies will help to reduce the disease burden.
Hybrid Flow Bioreactor with All Catalysts Immobilized for Enzymatic Electrosynthesis
Authors: El Housseini Wassim , Lapicque François , Pontvianne Steve , Vilà Neus , Mazurenko Ievgen , Walcarius Alain , Etienne Mathieu
Published: July 2022

The electrochemical regeneration of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor (NADH) was realized in a hybrid flow reactor coupling fuel cell technology and redox flow device, paying attention to the robust immobilization of all catalysts. The rhodium catalyst Rh(Cp✶)(bpy)Cl+ was covalently immobilized on a multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layer and the association with the gas diffusion electrode was carefully optimized. High stability and activity of the electrochemical system were assessed by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry in the flow reactor. Afterwards, the optimal cofactor regeneration was applied to NADH‐dependent biosynthesis using immobilized lactate dehydrogenase for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the flow cell in the presence of cofactor concentration as low as 10 μM. 79 % Faradaic efficiency was achieved and remarkable total turnover number (TTN) were reached: 2500, 18000, and 180000, for NADH, Rh complex and L‐lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), respectively.
Conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears: A review
Authors: Ortez Osler A. , McMechan Anthony J. , Hoegemeyer Thomas , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Nielsen Robert L. , Thomison Peter R. , Abendroth Lori J. , Elmore Roger W.
Published: July 2022

Abnormal ear development in corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported for more than 100 years. More recently, in 2016, widespread abnormal multiple ears per stalk node (herein termed as multi‐ears), barbell ears, and short husks were reported in cornfields located in the western and central Corn Belt (Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas), Eastern Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle region in the United States. Little was known about the underlying causes of these abnormalities. A literature review examining conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears was conducted. Several abnormal ear symptoms appear to be formed by stress conditions such as extreme weather, limited solar radiation, and responses to plant growth regulators. The accumulation of these effects can result in the abortion of primary ears and the development of secondary abnormal ears, which has been a hypothesis for the last 15 years. Whether or not primary ear abortion is one of the factors for abnormal ears remains a valid question. Abnormal ears can be understood as the result of an “expression triangle”: susceptible genetics, conducive environmental conditions, and unfavorable management practices. Together, these factors can interact and cause abnormal ears and lower yields. Active knowledge gaps include the environmental and physiological pathways to abnormal ears, their impact on grain quality and yield, their effect on other processes such as dry‐down and harvest ease, and an in‐depth understanding of differing genetics, environment, and management.
A Formylglycine‐Peptide for the Site‐Directed Identification of Phosphotyrosine‐Mimetic Fragments**
Authors: Tiemann Markus , Nawrotzky Eric , Schmieder Peter , Wehrhan Leon , Bergemann Silke , Martos Vera , Song Wei , Arkona Christoph , Keller Bettina G. , Rademann Jörg
Published: July 2022

Discovery of protein‐binding fragments for precisely defined binding sites is an unmet challenge to date. Herein, formylglycine is investigated as a molecular probe for the sensitive detection of fragments binding to a spatially defined protein site . Formylglycine peptide 3 was derived from a phosphotyrosine‐containing peptide substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B by replacing the phosphorylated amino acid with the reactive electrophile. Fragment ligation with formylglycine occurred in situ in aqueous physiological buffer. Structures and kinetics were validated by NMR spectroscopy. Screening and hit validation revealed fluorinated and non‐fluorinated hit fragments being able to replace the native phosphotyrosine residue. The formylglycine probe identified low‐affinity fragments with high spatial resolution as substantiated by molecular modelling. The best fragment hit, 4‐amino‐phenyl‐acetic acid, was converted into a cellularly active, nanomolar inhibitor of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2.
Artificial Antiferromagnets Possessing Extended Zero‐, One‐, Two‐, and Three‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Miller Joel S.
Published: July 2022

Layered (2D) artificial (or synthetic) antiferromagnets are fabricated by atom deposition techniques and possess very thin, nanometer‐scale, magnetically ordered layers separated by a very thin nonmagnetic layer that antiferromagnetically couples the magnetic layers. Artificial antiferromagnets were crucial in the discovery of the giant magnetic effect (GMR), which had an incredible impact on the evolution of computer memory and its applications, and nucleated the dawn of spintronics (magnetoelectrics). The fundamental structural motif has been more recently achieved by using synthetic chemical methods that led to insulating artificial antiferromagnets. Examples of magnetically ordered layers that are antiferromagnetic coupled to form artificial antiferromagnets have been extended to isolated ions (0D) as well as extended chain (1D) and extended network 3D structures, and new phenomena and applications are anticipated as insulating antiferromagnets are more effective at propagating spin currents with respect to dielectric materials.
The Importance of Mg2+‐Free State in Nucleotide Exchange of Oncogenic K‐Ras Mutants
Authors: Pálfy Gyula , Menyhárd Dóra K. , Ákontz‐Kiss Hanna , Vida István , Batta Gyula , Tőke Orsolya , Perczel András
Published: July 2022

For efficient targeting of oncogenic K‐Ras interaction sites, a mechanistic picture of the Ras‐cycle is necessary. Herein, we used NMR relaxation techniques and molecular dynamics simulations to decipher the role of slow dynamics in wild‐type and three oncogenic P‐loop mutants of K‐Ras. Our measurements reveal a dominant two‐state conformational exchange on the ms timescale in both GDP‐ and GTP‐bound K‐Ras. The identified low‐populated higher energy state in GDP‐loaded K‐Ras has a conformation reminiscent of a nucleotide‐bound/Mg2+‐free state characterized by shortened β2/β3‐strands and a partially released switch‐I region preparing K‐Ras for the interaction with the incoming nucleotide exchange factor and subsequent reactivation. By providing insight into mutation‐specific differences in K‐Ras structural dynamics, our systematic analysis improves our understanding of prolonged K‐Ras signaling and may aid the development of allosteric inhibitors targeting nucleotide exchange in K‐Ras.