bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to cyclosporin and etanercept in a female infant with juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chen , Jeng Yu‐Chen , Aala Wilson Jr F. , Hong Yi‐Kai , Chen Pin‐Hsuan , Chuang Ya‐Ru , Yang Chao‐Chun , Hsu Chao‐Kai
Published: May 2023

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare but severe form of psoriasis. An early onset of the diseases is correlated with mutations among IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3, MPO and SERPINA3 genes. Systemic biological agents including anti‐TNF‐α, anti‐IL‐17, anti‐IL‐12/IL‐23, anti‐IL1R, anti‐IL1β and anti‐IL‐36R act as novel treatment methods for GPP. Herein we report a female infant clinically diagnosed with GPP since she was 10‐month‐old. Results of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing revealed a reported heterozygous IL36RN (c.115+6T>C) and another reported heterozygous SERPINA3 frame‐shifting variant (c.1247_1248del). Initial cyclosporin treatment for the patient led to a partial remission of the symptoms. However, the patient reached nearly total remission of pustules and erythema after anti‐TNF‐α inhibitor etanercept treatment. Results of further RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with the clinical responses, showing that cyclosporin suppressed a portion of the neutrophil‐related genes, while most genes associated with neutrophil activation, neutrophil‐mediated immunity and degranulation were downregulated by the subsequent etanercept treatment. We report this case to demonstrate WES and RNA‐seq in combination could come in handy in reaching a precise diagnosis and in evaluating or even predicting the molecular alterations underlying clinical treatment effectiveness.
Imputing missing data in plant traits: A guide to improve gap‐filling
Authors: Joswig Julia S. , Kattge Jens , Kraemer Guido , Mahecha Miguel D. , Rüger Nadja , Schaepman Michael E. , Schrodt Franziska , Schuman Meredith C.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Globally distributed plant trait data are increasingly used to understand relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem processes. However, global trait databases are sparse because they are compiled from many, mostly small databases. This sparsity in both trait space completeness and geographical distribution limits the potential for both multivariate and global analyses. Thus, ‘gap‐filling’ approaches are often used to impute missing trait data. Recent methods, like Bayesian hierarchical probabilistic matrix factorization (BHPMF), can impute large and sparse data sets using side information. We investigate whether BHPMF imputation leads to biases in trait space and identify aspects influencing bias to provide guidance for its usage.

Innovation

We use a fully observed trait data set from which entries are randomly removed, along with extensive but sparse additional data. We use BHPMF for imputation and evaluate bias by: (1) accuracy (residuals, RMSE, trait means), (2) correlations (bi‐ and multivariate) and (3) taxonomic and functional clustering (valuewise, uni‐ and multivariate). BHPMF preserves general patterns of trait distributions but induces taxonomic clustering. Data set–external trait data had little effect on induced taxonomic clustering and stabilized trait–trait correlations.

Main Conclusions

Our study extends the criteria for the evaluation of gap‐filling beyond RMSE, providing insight into statistical data structure and allowing better informed use of imputed trait data, with improved practice for imputation. We expect our findings to be valuable beyond applications in plant ecology, for any study using hierarchical side information for imputation.
Tracing back of relapse clones by Ig/TCR gene rearrangements reveals complex patterns of recurrence in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jia Ming‐Zhu , Li Wei‐Jing , Wang Chan‐Juan , Zhang Qing , Gao Chao , Huang Xiao‐Tong , Zhu Ting , Zhang Rui‐Dong , Cui Lei , Li Zhi‐Gang
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Relapse remained the major obstacle to improving the prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to investigate the changing patterns of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements between diagnosis and relapse and the clinical relevance and to explore the mechanism of leukemic relapse.

Methods

Clonal Ig/TCR gene rearrangements were screened by multiplex PCR amplification in 85 paired diagnostic and relapse bone marrow (BM) samples from children with ALL. The new rearrangements presented at relapse were quantitatively assessed by the RQ‐PCR approach targeting the patient‐specific junctional region sequence in 19 diagnostic samples. The relapse clones were further back‐traced to diagnostic and follow‐up BM samples from 12 patients.

Results

Comparison of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements between diagnosis and relapse showed that 40 (57.1%) B‐ALL and 5 (33.3%) T‐ALL patients exhibited a change from diagnosis to relapse, and 25 (35.7%) B‐ALL patients acquired new rearrangements at relapse. The new relapse rearrangements were present in 15 of the 19 (78.9%) diagnostic samples as shown by RQ‐PCR, with a median level of 5.26 × 10−2. The levels of minor rearrangements correlated with B immunophenotype, WBC counts, age at diagnosis, and recurrence time. Furthermore, back‐tracing rearrangements in 12 patients identified three patterns of relapse clone dynamics, which suggested the recurrence mechanisms not only through clonal selection of pre‐existing subclones but also through an ongoing clonal evolution during remission and relapse.

Conclusion

Backtracking Ig/TCR gene rearrangements in relapse clones of pediatric ALL revealed complex patterns of clonal selection and evolution for leukemic relapse.
Clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 treated with remdesivir across the continuum of care
Authors: Rivera Christina G. , Chesdachai Supavit , Draper Evan W. , Arndt Richard F. , Mara Kristin C. , Gonzalez Suarez Maria , Razonable Raymund R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), remdesivir was only approved for hospitalized patients. Our institution developed hospital‐based, outpatient infusion centers for selected hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 who had clinical improvement to allow for early dismissal. The outcomes of patients who transitioned to complete remdesivir in the outpatient setting were examined.

Methods

Retrospective study of all hospitalized adult patients with COVID‐19 who received at least one dose of remdesivir from November 6, 2020, to November 5, 2021, at one of the Mayo Clinic hospitals.

Results

Among 3029 hospitalized patients who received treatment with remdesivir for COVID‐19, the majority (89.5%) completed the recommended 5‐day course. Among them, 2169 (80%) patients completed treatment during hospitalization, whereas 542 (20.0%) patients were dismissed to complete remdesivir in outpatient infusion centers. Patients who completed the treatment in the outpatient setting had lower odds of death within 28 days (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.32, p < 0.001). However, their rate of subsequent hospital encounters within 30 days was higher (aHR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27–2.79, p = 0.002). Among patients treated with remdesivir only in the inpatient setting, the adjusted odds of death within 28 days were significantly higher among those who did not complete the 5‐day course of remdesivir (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.45–2.95, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study describes the clinical outcomes of a strategy of transitioning remdesivir therapy from inpatient to outpatient among selected patients. Mortality was lower among patients who completed the 5‐day course of remdesivir.
Effect of single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy on surgical site wound infection and healing in patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Wenqi , Zhao Yan , Zhang Zhe , Jiang Jingyuan , Feng Chong , Qin Dongliang , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhenan , Zhang Lening , Lin Fengwu
Published: May 2023

We performed a meta‐analysis to comprehensively assess the effect of single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy on surgical site wound infection and healing in patients with lung cancer. A computerised search for studies on single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy treatment of lung cancer was conducted from the time of database creation through February 2023 using the PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Either a fixed or random‐effects model was used in calculating the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The results showed that, compared with multi‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy, single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy significantly reduced surgical site wound infection (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19–0.77, P = .007) and significantly promoted wound healing (RR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22–0.64, P < .001). Compared with multi‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy, single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopy significantly reduced surgical site wound infections and also promoted wound healing. However, because of large variations in study sample sizes, some of the literature reported methods of inferior quality. Additional high‐quality studies containing large sample sizes are needed to further validate these results.
‘Being a part of something’: Experiences and perceived benefits of young adult peer mentors with intellectual/developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions
Authors: Loeper Tara , Schwartz Ariel E.
Published: May 2023

Background

Peer‐provided services are a common model for addressing mental health concerns. Peer providers report a range of benefits and challenges associated with their role. However, there is little information about the experiences of peer providers with intellectual/developmental disabilities.

Aim

To explore the experiences of young adult peer‐providers with intellectual/developmental disabilities in the context of a mental health intervention.

Methods

We conducted interviews with four young adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and their parents and teachers to understand their experiences providing a peer mentoring mental health intervention.

Results

Young adult peer mentors perceived themselves as responsible for maintaining the mentoring relationship, delivering the intervention and acting as helpers and independent professionals. The experiences of young adult peer mentors were driven by the temporal, institutional and social contexts of their work. Peer mentoring was an enjoyable, social activity. Mentors, parents and teachers emphasised how taking on the peer mentoring role during the transition to adulthood and within the capital‐rich university context led to a sense of pride and professional development. Further, these contexts may have led mentors to emphasise their intervention‐delivery, helper and professional roles over relationship maintenance.

Discussion & conclusion

Context may shape the perceived roles and benefits for young adult peer mentors with intellectual/developmental disabilities.
Parental mentalising among mothers with intellectual disability or ADHD: Links with experiences of abuse, neglect and psychosocial risk
Authors: Hammarlund Mårten , Breitholtz Mia , Granqvist Pehr , Forslund Tommie
Published: May 2023

Background

Parental mentalising difficulties are robustly linked to caregiving problems. Mothers with intellectual disability are at risk for caregiving problems, but knowledge on their parental mentalising abilities is lacking. The present study aimed to fill this gap.

Method

Thirty mothers with mild intellectual disability, and 61 comparison mothers with ADHD, were assessed for parental mentalising using the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. Contributions of intellectual disability, maternal exposure to childhood abuse/neglect and psychosocial risk to parental mentalising were examined through hierarchical regression analysis.

Results

Mothers with intellectual disability had a heightened risk for parental mentalising difficulties, in the form of elevated prementalising. Intellectual disability and cumulative childhood abuse/neglect uniquely predicted prementalising among the mothers, whereas cumulative psychosocial risk added to the risk for prementalising specifically among mothers with intellectual disability.

Conclusions

Our findings support contextual models of caregiving, and suggest a need for mentalisation‐based support for parents with mild intellectual disability.
Using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to characterize nest site selection in wild Japanese tits Parus minor
Authors: Li Xudong , Yu Jiangping , Yin Dake , Jin Longru , Zhang Keqin , Wang Haitao
Published: May 2023

Selecting a suitable nest site is critical to the survival and reproduction of birds. Prospecting allows individuals to gather information on the local quality of potential future breeding sites, which may help them make the best nest site selection decision. However, few studies have focused on the direct links between the prospecting activity of breeders and subsequent nest site selection. In this study, we investigated the prospecting pattern of Japanese tits Parus minor during the pre‐breeding period of the first breeding attempt and whether nest site characteristics influence their nest box visiting behaviour and occupied nest site. We used radio frequency identification (RFID) to track the movements of Japanese tits visiting nest boxes and compared nest site characteristics between visited and unvisited (control) nest boxes, as well as between visited and occupied nest boxes. We found that Japanese tits started visiting nest boxes approximately 20 days before breeding, visited an average of six nest boxes and eventually chose the most visited nest box for breeding activities. Japanese tits were more likely to visit nest boxes that had less canopy cover and lower shrub density but a greater total number of surrounding trees and ultimately chose breeding nest boxes with a smaller entrance inclination, in nesting trees with a larger diameter at breast height (DBH) which were surrounded by trees with a larger DBH. Our results suggest that Japanese tits visit several potential breeding sites before choosing breeding nest boxes and that nest site characteristics can influence their prospecting activity and nest site selection.
Studying stepfamilies, surfacing secrets: A reflection on the private motivations behind efforts to humanize family complexity
Authors: Sanner Caroline
Published: May 2023

Feminist family scholars have long called for greater transparency of the partial perspectives embedded within family science. In this paper, I employ feminist reflexive autoethnography to unpack the private motivations that guide my research on family complexity. Using critical storytelling, I trace the personal developments that led to a research program on structurally complex families—families shaped and reshaped by divorce, separations, repartnerships, and remarriages. I explore my commitments tonaming the invisible,embracing the messy, and ultimately,humanizingthe complicated and meaningful emotions and relationships in families navigating structural changes. I draw upon personal, embodied experiences to theorize about issues and phenomena that have yet to be named in the (step)family scholarship. Finally, I invite others to heed the calls of feminist scholars whose work invites us to consider how private experiences can be leveraged to generate new insights into the complexities of family and social life.
Outcomes of robot‐assistedversuslaparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in morbidly obese patients: A propensity score‐matched analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Juang Sin‐Ei , Chung Kuan‐Chih , Cheng Kung‐Chuan , Wu Kuen‐Lin , Song Ling‐Chiao , Tang Chien‐En , Chen Hong‐Hwa , Lee Ko‐Chao
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim

Morbid obesity is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We aimed to evaluate short‐term outcomes after roboticversusconventional laparoscopic CRC resection in morbidly obese patients.

Methods

This population‐based, retrospective study extracted data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample during 2005–2018. Adults ≥ 20 years old, with morbid obesity and CRC, and undergoing robotic or laparoscopic resections were identified. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize the confounding. Univariate and multivariable regression was conducted to evaluate the associations between outcomes and study variables.

Results

After PSM, 1296 patients remained. The risks of any postoperative complication (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 1.22), prolonged length of stay (LOS) (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.01), death (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.11, 3.10), or pneumonia (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.77) were not significantly different between the two procedures after adjustment. Robotic surgery was significantly associated with greater hospital cost (aBeta = 26.26, 95% CI: 16.08, 36.45) than laparoscopic surgery. Stratified analyses revealed that, in patients with tumor located at the colon, robotic surgery was associated with lower risk of prolonged LOS (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.95).

Conclusions

In patients with morbid obesity, risks of postoperative complication, death, or pneumonia are not significantly different between robotic and laparoscopic CRC resection. Among patients with tumor located at the colon, robotic surgery is associated with lower risk of prolonged LOS. These findings fill the knowledge gap and provide useful information for clinicians on risk stratification and treatment choice.
Expert elicitation and data noise learning for material flow analysis using Bayesian inference
Authors: Dong Jiayuan , Liao Jiankan , Huan Xun , Cooper Daniel
Published: May 2023

Bayesian inference allows the transparent communication and systematic updating of model uncertainty as new data become available. When applied to material flow analysis (MFA), however, Bayesian inference is undermined by the difficulty of defining proper priors for the MFA parameters and quantifying the noise in the collected data. We start to address these issues by first deriving and implementing an expert elicitation procedure suitable for generating MFA parameter priors. Second, we propose to learn the data noise concurrent with the parametric uncertainty. These methods are demonstrated using a case study on the 2012 US steel flow. Eight experts are interviewed to elicit distributions on steel flow uncertainty from raw materials to intermediate goods. The experts' distributions are combined and weighted according to the expertise demonstrated in response to seeding questions. These aggregated distributions form our model parameters' informative priors. Sensible, weakly informative priors are adopted for learning the data noise. Bayesian inference is then performed to update the parametric and data noise uncertainty given MFA data collected from the United States Geological Survey and the World Steel Association. The results show a reduction in MFA parametric uncertainty when incorporating the collected data. Only a modest reduction in data noise uncertainty was observed using 2012 data; however, greater reductions were achieved when using data from multiple years in the inference. These methods generate transparent MFA and data noise uncertainties learned from data rather than pre‐assumed data noise levels, providing a more robust basis for decision‐making that affects the system.
Examining intervention hours attended for couples randomly assigned to receive relationship education
Authors: Carlson Ryan G. , Gao Ruiqin , Gordon Rainie , Go Jungsun , Taylor Dalena Dillman , Barden Sejal M.
Published: May 2023

Relationship education (RE) has shown promise as an effective intervention for couples. Yet, challenges exist with retaining low‐income couples and federal funding required that grantees provide at least 12 h of core content. We conducted a follow‐up analysis to a randomized trial of RE with low‐income couples. We focused on couples randomly assigned to the treatment (N = 579) and examined the influence of intervention hours on emotion regulation, dyadic coping, and individual distress at 1 and 6‐month follow‐up. Results of longitudinal actor‐partner interdependence models indicated that women who completed the program reported fewer difficulties in emotion regulation at 6‐month follow‐up than women who attended fewer intervention hours. Additionally, men who completed reported more individual distress at 1‐month follow‐up than men who attended fewer hours. Given that most couples were Hispanic, we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine language as a covariate with mixed results.
Stigma, social and structural vulnerability, and mental health among transgender women: A partial least square path modeling analysis
Authors: Sherman Athena D. F. , Higgins Melinda K. , Balthazar Monique S. , Hill Miranda , Klepper Meredith , Schneider Jason S. , Adams Dee , Radix Asa , Mayer Kenneth H. , Cooney Erin E. , Poteat Tonia C. , Wirtz Andrea L. , Reisner Sari L. ,   American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women (LITE) Study Group
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Existing literature suggests that transgender women (TW) may be at high risk for adverse mental health due to stress attributed to combined experiences of stigma and complex social and structural vulnerabilities. Little research has examined how these co‐occurring experiences relate to mental health. We aimed to test a theoretically driven conceptual model of relationships between stigma, social and structural vulnerabilities, and mental health to inform future intervention tailoring.

Design/Methods

Partial least square path modeling followed by response‐based unit segmentation was used to identify homogenous clusters in a diverse community sample of United States (US)‐based TW (N = 1418; 46.2% White non‐Hispanic). This approach examined associations between latent constructs of stigma (polyvictimization and discrimination), social and structural vulnerabilities (housing and food insecurity, unemployment, sex work, social support, and substance use), and mental health (post‐traumatic stress and psychological distress).

Results

The final conceptual model defined the structural relationship between the variables of interest within stigma, vulnerability, and mental health. Six clusters were identified within this structural framework which suggests that racism, ethnicism, and geography may be related to mental health inequities among TW.

Conclusion

Our findings around the impact of racism, ethnicism, and geography reflect the existing literature, which unfortunately shows us that little change has occurred in the last decade for TW of color in the Southern US; however, the strength of our evidence (related to sampling structure and sample size) and type of analyses (accounting for co‐occurring predictors of health, i.e., stigma and complex vulnerabilities, reflecting that of real‐world patients) is a novel and necessary addition to the literature. Findings suggest that health interventions designed to offset the negative effects of stigma must include anti‐racist approaches with components to reduce or eliminate barriers to resources that contribute to social and structural vulnerabilities among TW. Herein we provide detailed recommendations to guide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention efforts.

Clinical Relevance

This study demonstrated the importance of considering stigma and complex social and structural vulnerabilities during clinical care and design of mental health interventions for transgender women who are experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress. Specifically, interventions should take an anti‐racist approach and would benefit from incorporating social support‐building activities.
Model‐based estimation of the health care expenditure and out‐of‐pocket payment for assisted reproductive technology: A retrospective linkage study using the Japanese national ART registry
Authors: Jwa Seung Chik , Goto Rei , Maeda Eri , Kajihara Takeshi , Ishihara Osamu
Published: May 2023

Aim

From April 2022, the Japanese government funding system for assisted reproductive technology (ART) has shifted from government subsidies to universal health insurance. To date, studies estimating the health care expenditure for ART are scarce. We estimated health care expenditures for ART cycles and compared the proportion of patients' out‐of‐pocket payment by ovarian stimulation protocols under the Japanese government subsidy system.

Methods

We linked payment information for government subsidies in Saitama Prefecture during 2016 and 2017 with the Japanese ART registry. Health care expenditures for all treatment cycles in Japan during 2017 among women aged <43 years (n = 369 757) were estimated using a generalized linear model.

Results

We linked 6269 subsidy applications to the Japanese ART registry. The average treatment fee for a fresh cycle was 376 434 JPY (standard deviation = 159 581). However, significant variation was observed across ovarian stimulation protocols. The estimated health care expenditure for ART during 2017 was 101 278 629 888 JPY (920 714 817 USD), leading to a 0.24% increase in the national health care expenditure for fiscal year 2017. Fresh cycles accounted for 70% of the expenditure. The proportion of the average patient out‐of‐pocket payment for one treatment cycle was smaller for natural (0%) and mild ovarian stimulation using clomiphene citrate (4.5%–20.7%) than those of conventional stimulation (30.3%–32.4%).

Conclusions

Health insurance coverage for ART would increase national health care expenditure by 0.24%. Under the subsidy system, the proportion of the average patient out‐of‐pocket payment was smaller for natural and mild ovarian stimulation than conventional stimulations.
Comparison of functional and esthetic outcomes in digital versus analog rehabilitation of one‐piece screw‐retained implant crowns placed at second stage surgery
Authors: Edinger Dieter , Henningsen Anders , Bibiza Eric , Smeets Ralf , Joda Tim
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Analog and digital impressions are established procedures for restoration of single‐tooth implants. In this study, single‐tooth implants were restored with definitive restorations during second‐stage surgery. Analog and digital workflows were compared.

Material and Methods

Eighty single‐tooth implants were examined in total. In 40 implants, an index was taken immediately after implant placement using composite resin to fabricate the final crowns (analog workflow). For the other 40 single‐tooth implants, intraoral intraoperative scans were performed (digital workflow) during primary surgery. The custom‐fabricated screw‐retained crowns were placed during second‐stage surgery. Photographs and examinations for the scores were taken at the time of the follow‐up visit, 1–4 years after placement of the crowns. The number of treatment appointments required was recorded and the modified pink esthetic score (PES) was determined. Additionally, the functional implant prosthetic score (FIPS) was measured.

Results

The mean PES was 12.15/14 for the digital workflow and 11.95/14 for the analog workflow. The most common deficit was incomplete papillae for both workflows. Three treatment appointments were required for both workflows: (1) Scan and/or impressions making and patient consent, (2) implant placement, and (3) second‐stage surgery with crown insertion. The FIPS was 9.1/10 for the digital workflow group and 9.2/10 for the analog workflow group. Common deficits presented as missing papillae as well as open approximal contacts. The FIPS was not significantly different between workflows (p = 0.679). The PES also did not show a statistically significant difference for both workflows (p = 0.654), however, the analog workflow showed better values for the papillae (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in the other PES values, with the digital workflow showing better results here (p < 0.05). A chronological analysis of the results of the digital technique showed that the cases treated last had significantly better values than the cases treated first.

Conclusions

According to the results of this study, both workflows allowed placement of the definitive crowns on single‐tooth implants during second‐stage surgery. Both workflows were found to be equivalent in terms of esthetic results in this study, although the digital workflow demonstrated a learning curve.
Screening for disruptive behavior in adolescents at risk using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire
Authors: Spaan Pascalle , van den Boogert Frank , Grootendorst‐van Mil Nina H. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Roza Sabine J.
Published: May 2023

Disruptive behavior in adolescents is burdensome and may continue into adulthood if left unidentified. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) can screen for disruptive behavior, but its psychometric properties in high‐risk samples and ability to predict delinquency warrant further investigation. In 1022 adolescents, we investigated the predictive validity (on average 1.9 years after screening) of the self‐reported SDQ on disruptive behavior disorders and delinquency, measured with multi‐informant questionnaires and structured interviews. We compared three scoring methods: total, subscale, and dysregulation profile scoring. In this high‐risk sample, SDQ subscale scores predicted disruptive behavior outcomes best. Predictive values for the specific types of delinquency were small. Concluding, the SDQ can be used in high‐risk settings for early identification of youth with disruptive behavior.
Fearful andFaint‐Hearted: On Affect and theJust‐WarTradition
Authors: Kavka Martin
Published: May 2023

In the spirit of this group of articles commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of theJournal of Religious Ethics, dealing with tradition‐based reasoning, this article takes up a passage from Deuteronomy 20 that allows the “fearful and faint‐hearted” person not to participate in battle, as well as the rabbinic and medieval appropriations of this passage in the Jewish tradition. It argues that this verse gives primacy to affect in a way that complicates standard interpretations of the Jewish tradition on just war and allows us to see the pliability of tradition. Finally, the article argues that scholars assessing the justice of conflicts need to attend to the circulation of affects in a reasoning community, as is currently happening on scholarship on moral injury.
In the Shadow of Hourani: Thinking Islamic Ethics in the 21st Century
Authors: von Doetinchem de Rande Raissa A.
Published: May 2023

The present article proceeds in three parts: first, I describe George F. Hourani's approach and its continued relevance in the study of Islamic ethics. Next, I demonstrate the weaknesses of Hourani's approach, particularly his commitment to mapping Islamic thought anachronistically onto a menu of “isms” derived from modern ethical theory. To highlight the urgency of reexamining Hourani's approach and influence, I also demonstrate how scholars' continued reliance upon Hourani perpetuates the limitations of his approach in the study of Islamic ethics today. Finally, I call attention to the ongoing efforts of scholars in the study of Islamic ethics to do better. I conclude that if Islamic ethics is to thrive, the field must reexamine its reliance on Hourani.
Obstructive sleep apnea affects the psychological and behavioural development of children–a case–control study
Authors: Hai Yang , Kou Wei , Gu Zheng , Zhang Cheng , Zou Qiyuan , Wang Fan , Yao Hongbing , Wei Ping
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea on paediatric psychological and behavioural abnormalities. A total of 1086 paediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 728 sample snoring controls were enrolled in the study. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea underwent bilateral tonsillectomy plus adenoidectomy or adenoidectomy alone. Repeated Autism Behaviour Checklist, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory were performed to assess the autism symptoms, anxiety level and depressive symptoms before and after surgery. The score of Autism Behaviour Checklist in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea was higher than that in control. In school children with obstructive sleep apnea, the score of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale was also higher. School children with obstructive sleep apnea with depressive symptoms were significantly higher than that in control. The scores of Autism Behaviour Checklist, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory in the obstructive sleep apnea group after surgery were significantly lower than that before surgery. Our study showed that the score of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Inventory had a close correlation with the illness course and hypoxia duration. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Inventory scores are also closely associated with the Autism Behaviour Checklist score. These results suggest that obstructive sleep apnea may have a significant impact on autism symptoms, anxiety levels and depressive symptoms in children. We found that the longer the duration of the obstructive sleep apnea course and hypoxia, the greater the impact on anxiety level and depressive symptoms. The suspected autism symptoms, anxiety level and depressive symptoms in children with obstructive sleep apnea were also significantly correlated. Thus, early detection and timely treatment may often reverse the psychological and behavioural abnormalities caused by obstructive sleep apnea.
Race, Religion, and Global Solidarities: W. E. B. Du Bois and “The Black Church” as a Contested Category
Authors: Baumann Roger
Published: May 2023

W.E.B. Du Bois was thoroughly ambivalent about the political significance of American Black churches regarding their role in challenging racial inequality. He saw them as integral to Black social life, but also as failing to live up to their potential as drivers of liberation. And, while he focused primarily on Black churches within the United States, Du Bois was also committed to Black liberation on a global level. This suggests great potential for applying DuBois’ analyses of Black religion to the question of transnational religious and racial solidarities and the global political salience of “the Black Church” as a category. In this context, this article explores the significance of DuBois’ work for analyzing the category of “the Black Church.” It does so through a comparative case study of African American Christian engagement with the issue of Israel and Palestine, with four case studies ranging from African American Christian Zionists to Palestinian solidarity activists. Across these cases, the analysis highlights the ways that the history, identity, and mission of “the Black Church” are invoked in the context of Palestine and Israel. It argues that “the Black Church” is best understood as a contested category of collective religious and racial identity.
The Cost of Being Christian: The Association between Christian Affiliation and Discrimination Experiences among Asians in the United States
Authors: Du Shichao
Published: May 2023

Whether religion contributes to or mitigates social inequality is ongoing. This study provides new evidence by examining the association between Christian affiliation and Asian citizens’ discrimination experiences. Using data from the National Asian American Survey and employing the Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting approach, this study finds that having a Christian affiliation is significantly associated with more interpersonal discrimination experienced by Asians in the United States. Strengthened ethnic identity and intraracial contact largely explain the association. Results from several robustness tests confirm this finding. There is a cost of being Christian for Asians in the United States.
Native American youth finding self through digital story telling
Authors: Wicker Melissa , Ruan Jiening
Published: May 2023

This holistic single‐case study aimed to understand the impact of digital story telling (DST) on the identity expressions of Native American youth. The question that guided the study asks, ‘How do Native American adolescents in a rural, tribal‐run after‐school programme for Indigenous youth explore and express who they are through digital story telling?’ Five Indigenous youth enrolled in a tribal‐run after‐school programme participated in the study and completed a digital story telling project that contained multiple components and interviews. Data sources included funds of knowledge maps, shields, story scripts, storyboards, interview transcripts, and digital videos. Thematic analysis was the overarching method used to identify themes. The researchers also conducted constant comparison, content analysis, and/or intertextual transcription to analyse specific data types. Findings indicate the youth enjoyed the DST process, explored and solidified their personal identities, and discovered personal strength. The findings also suggest that DST enabled the youth to draw upon cultural knowledges, literacies, and personal experiences to establish their identities and make sense of the world around them. Furthermore, findings reveal the continued presence of racism in society and schools and the need to transform schools into sites that embrace and support Indigenous knowledges, languages, literacies, and identity development of Indigenous students.
Genomic asymmetry of theBrassica napusseed: epigenetic contributions ofDNAmethylation and smallRNAsto subgenome bias
Authors: Ziegler Dylan J. , Khan Deirdre , Pulgar‐Vidal Nadège , Parkin Isobel A. P. , Robinson Stephen J. , Belmonte Mark F.
Published: May 2023

Polyploidy is a persistent phenomenon in angiosperm genome evolution that is hypothesized to have contributed to the diversity of extant flowering plants.Brassica napus, one of the world's most important angiosperm oilseed species, originated from the interspecific hybridization ofBrassica rapa(An) andBrassica oleracea(Cn). While the trends of genome dominance in transcriptomics are beginning to emerge, less is known about the epigenetic and small RNA landscapes in polyploids during reproductive development. The seed is the pivotal developmental transition into the new sporophytic generation, and experiences substantial epigenetic modifications over time. Here, we investigated the prevalence of bias in the contexts of DNA methylation and small interfering (si)RNA profiles in both subgenomes (Anand Cn), as well as the ancestral fractionated genomes acrossB. napusseed development. We report ubiquitous Cnsubgenome bias of siRNA expression and cytosine methylation, with DNA methylation being particularly abundant on gene promoters in the Cnsubgenome. Further, we provide evidence that siRNA transcriptional patterns were conserved within the ancestral triplicated subgenomes ofB. napus, but not across the Anand Cnsubgenomes. We discuss how methylation patterns in theB. napusseed relate to genes, promoter regions, siRNA loci and transposable elements through the lens of genome fractionation and polyploidization. Taken together we provide evidence for epigenetic regulation selectively silencing the Cnsubgenome during seed development, and explore the impact of genome fractionation on the epigenetic components of theB. napusseed.
Uncovering the use and impact of mechanical weed control articles: A citation content analysis
Authors: Rasmussen Jesper
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the extent to which seven papers on mechanical weed control have been cited, understood and utilised in subsequent publications. Web of Science was used to identify the citing publications, and citation content analysis was conducted to investigate the cognitive links between the citing and cited publications. Cognition involves acquiring, understanding, and using knowledge. Citation of the seven publications in 305 publications was classified, and it was found that perfunctory citations (those that were routinely referenced, with little effort to understand or use content) accounted for 53% of all citations and 16% of the citing articles included citations that were not supported by the references. The most striking finding was that key content was rarely used in articles, despite being referenced in 42% of the published articles. It is recommended that more time be allocated by authors to understanding literature, as this would appear to be a matter of diminishing concern for the scientific community. For those who assume their research area has a better citation practice than found in this study, it is recommended that authors conduct a citation content analysis within their own research area to increase the focus on good literature practices.
Dual tasking in individuals with post-stroke aphasia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Suarez Lara , Dawson Nicole , Bislick Wilson Lauren
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the main theoretical frameworks being used to explain dual-task performance deficits in people with post-stroke aphasia, to identify the domains of function being measured and the assessments being used, to highlight current interventions to improve dual-task performance, and to identify the gaps in the current body of literature on dual tasking and aphasia.

Introduction:

Post-stroke aphasia can lead to challenges across all activities of daily living. However, little is known about how a stroke and co-occurring language impairment may affect the allocation of cognitive resources, particularly in dual-task conditions. This vital information will allow researchers and clinicians to develop more effective interventions to combat the effects of the infarct.

Inclusion criteria:

To be considered in the review, articles must be written in English, include individuals at least 6 months post stroke, include adults with aphasia (with data presented separately from other populations), and include measures of dual-task performance.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A search of Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, PsycINFO, Communication Mass Media Complete, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library will be undertaken to identify publications on the topic. Results will be restricted to sources that meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted from included papers by up to 3 independent reviewers using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. The results will be presented as a narrative summary, accompanied by charted results, as appropriate.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/2yx76
Framework Development for Patient-Specific Compliant Aortic Dissection Phantom Model Fabrication: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation and Deep-Learning Segmentation
Authors: Aghilinejad Arian , Wei Heng , Bilgi Coskun , Paredes Alberto , DiBartolomeo Alexander , Magee Gregory A. , Pahlevan Niema M.
Published: May 2023

Type B aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency that can result in rupture of the aorta. Due to the complexity of patient-specific characteristics, only limited information on flow patterns in dissected aortas has been reported in the literature. Leveraging the medical imaging data for patient-specific in vitro modeling can complement the hemodynamic understanding of aortic dissections. We propose a new approach toward fully automated patient-specific type B aortic dissection model fabrication. Our framework uses a novel deep-learning-based segmentation for negative mold manufacturing. Deep-learning architectures were trained on a dataset of 15 unique computed tomography scans of dissection subjects and were blind-tested on 4 sets of scans, which were targeted for fabrication. Following segmentation, the three-dimensional models were created and printed using polyvinyl alcohol. These models were then coated with latex to create compliant patient-specific phantom models. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural images demonstrate the ability of the introduced manufacturing technique for creating intimal septum walls and tears based on patient-specific anatomy. The in vitro experiments show the fabricated phantoms generate physiologically-accurate pressure results. The deep-learning models also show high similarity metrics between manual segmentation and autosegmentation where Dice metric is as high as 0.86. The proposed deep-learning-based negative mold manufacturing method facilitates an inexpensive, reproducible, and physiologically-accurate patient-specific phantom model fabrication suitable for aortic dissection flow modeling.
A Meta-Heuristic Optimization Procedure for the Identification of the Nonlinear Model Parameters of Hydraulic Dampers Based on Experimental Dataset of Real Working Conditions
Authors: Isacchi Gioele , Ripamonti Francesco , Corsi Matteo
Published: May 2023

Hydralic dampers are widely implemented in railway vehicle suspension stages, especially in high-speed passenger trains. They are designed to be mounted in different positions to improve comfort, stability, and safety performances. Numerical simulations are often used to assist the design and optimization of these components. Unfortunately, hydraulic dampers are highly nonlinear due to the complex fluid dynamic phenomena taking place inside the chambers and through the by-pass orifices. This requires accurate damper models to be developed to estimate the influence of the nonlinearities of such components during the dynamic performances of the whole vehicle. This work aims at presenting a new parametric damper model based on a nonlinear lumped element approach. Moreover, a new model tuning procedure will be introduced. Differently from the typical sinusoidal characterization cycles, this routine is based on experimental tests of real working conditions. The set of optimal model parameters will be found through a metaheuristic iterative approach able to minimize the differences between numerical and experimental damper forces. The performances of the optimal model will be compared with the ones of the most common Maxwell model generally implemented in railway multibody software programs.
Breakthrough treatments for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Hwang Charles , Talbot Simon , Hibler Brian , Matoori Simon , Mooney David J.
Published: May 2023

Skin injuries across the body continue to disrupt everyday life for millions of patients and result in prolonged hospital stays, infection, and death. Advances in wound healing devices have improved clinical practice but have mainly focused on treating macroscale healing versus underlying microscale pathophysiology. Consensus is lacking on optimal treatment strategies using a spectrum of wound healing products, which has motivated the design of new therapies. We summarize advances in the development of novel drug, biologic products, and biomaterial therapies for wound healing for marketed therapies and those in clinical trials. We also share perspectives for successful and accelerated translation of novel integrated therapies for wound healing.