bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Efeito da equoterapia no desempenho funcional em criança com paralisia cerebral: Estudo de caso
Authors: Junior Júlio Bravo , SOUZA Luiza Bárbara
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) se caracteriza por uma lesão não progressiva do cérebro acarretando diversas alterações neuromusculares, dentre elas o tônus muscular, a postura e função. Em tempo a Equoterapia surge como alternativa para o tratamento fisioterápico utilizando cavalos como recurso cinesioterapeutico, a fim de trabalhar a funcionalidade individual. Este estudo de caso envolve uma criança de doze anos com diagnóstico de PC apresentando características hipotônicas.  Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho funcional de uma criança com paralisia cerebral antes e após intervenção da equoterapia. Metodologia: Inicialmente foi avaliada a função motora grossa pela Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) e seu desempenho funcional avaliado através da aplicação do Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Essa avaliação foi realizada antes e após cada sessão de equoterapia nas oito sessões em oito semanas consecutivas. Resultados: A dimensão E foi a única que apresentou, com base no teste t, nível de significância menor que 5% entre a médias amostrais diferentes entre a variável pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção com (p-valor=0,031275). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento equo­terápico pode potencializar o desempenho funcional de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral com características hipotônica, possibilitando sua evolução sobretudo nas funções andar, correr e pular.
Palavras chave: Equoterapia; Funcionalidade; Paralisia Cerebral.
Competitive purposefulness
Authors: Mikhailov O. V.
Published: April 2019

The insufficiences of the targeting the majority of the firms of the world economy and connected with it management problems have been allocated. The diff rences in the contents and formulation of the vision mission and purposes in the contemporary competitive environment have been shown. A particular importance of the content and correct target setting in the global competition has been highlighted. Сriteria and stages of target setting and extraordinary advantages of the competitive purposefulness for the companies and society have been disclosed on examples.
The role of sociological research in the planning of advertising campaigns
Authors: Komarova A. A. , Novikov V. G. , Zakharov M. Yu.
Published: April 2019

The role of sociological research in the strategy of planning advertising campaigns has been has been considered. Sociological research is the main supplier of data on the behavior of the target audience, its quantity, and the structure of its media consumption. On the basis of sociological data, a decision-making process is taking place on the choice of the required type of media, or media mix, the start time of the campaign and the frequency of advertising. With the assistence of sociological measurements delivered on an ongoing basis, calculate the efficiency of media indicators of advertising goods and services. One of the research areas is the evaluation of the content of advertising communication by consumers, the quality of creativity and the way of presenting information, the recognition of the key idea of advertising communication. For the needs of the advertising market, both qualitative and quantitative sociological studies are used.
Quality of life assessment of the older population at the substantiation of active longevity strategies in the context of structural demographic changes
Authors: Burtseva T. A. , Gagarina S. N. , Chausov N. Yu.
Published: April 2019

Demographic aging is an evolutionary process, that requires the development and implementation of the state policy of active longevity in order to improve the quality of life of the population and sustainable development of the state. The results of studies to assess the quality of life, the rule-making activities of international organizations to ensure active longevity have been summarized in the article. Based on the results of the analysis of structural demographic changes in the Russian Federation, the significance of the task to improve the quality of life of the elderly population has been substantiated. Methodological approaches to the quality of citizens` life assessment for justification of the state strategies for active longevity have been offered.
The possibility of using foreign experience in the development of the Moscow transport complex
Authors: Komov V. E. , Sibiryaev A. E.
Published: April 2019

The issues of development and regulation of transport infrastructure of Moscow from the point of view of the experience of the world’s megacities have been considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the city transport system of Moscow have been adduced, and the necessity of its improvement has been substantiated. The importance of state regulation in this sphere has been emphasized. Successful foreign experience of the European Union, Japan, New Zealand, China, Singapore, the USA and others megacities in the context of its application in large cities of Russia has been examined.
Radical Benzylation of Quinones via C–H Abstraction
Authors: Galloway Jordan D. , Mai Duy N. , Baxter Ryan
Published: April 2019

Herein we report the development of radical benzylation reactions of quinones using Selectfluor and catalytic Ag(I) initiators. The reaction is believed to proceed via a C–H abstraction mechanism after Ag(I)-mediated reduction of Selectfluor. This reaction occurs under mild conditions and is effective for a variety of quinones and radical precursors bearing primary ben-zylic carbons. The use of pre-formed Ag(4–OMePy)2NO3 as a catalyst proved effective in improving reaction efficiency by reducing unwanted degradation pathways available to Selectfluor.
Cell Adherence and Drug Delivery from Particle Based Mesoporous Silica Films
Authors: Björk Emma , Baumann Bernhard , Hausladen Florian , Wittig Rainer , lindén mika
Published: April 2019

Spatially and temporally controlled drug delivery is important for implant and tissue engineering applications, as the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug can be enhanced, and can also allow for drugging stem cells at different stages of development. Long-term drug delivery over weeks to months is however difficult to achieve, and coating of 3D surfaces or creating patterned surfaces is a challenge using coating techniques like spin- and dip-coating. In this study, mesoporous films consisting of SBA-15 particles grown onto silicon wafers using wet processing were evaluated as a scaffold for drug delivery. Films with various particle sizes (100 – 900 nm) and hence thicknesses were grown onto OTS-functionalized silicon wafers using a direct growth method. Precise patterning of the areas for film growth could be obtained by local removal of the OTS functionalization through laser ablation. The films were incubated with the model drug DiO, and murine myoblast cells (C2C12 cells) were seeded onto films with different particle sizes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to study the cell growth, and a vinculin-mediated adherence of C2C12 cells on all films was verified. The successful loading of DiO into the films was confirmed by UV-vis and CLSM. It was observed that the drugs did not desorb from the particles during 24 hours in cell culture. During adherent growth on the films for 4 h, small amounts of DiO and separate particles were observed inside single cells. After 24 h, a larger number of particles and a strong DiO signal were recorded in the cells, indicating a particle mediated drug uptake. A substantial amount of DiO loaded particles were however attached on the substrate after 24 making the films attractive as a long-term reservoir for drugs on e.g. medical implants.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Fuels for Advanced Applications: Evaluating and Modifying the Combustion Energy of Popular MOFs
Authors: Titi Hatem M. , Arhangelskis Mihails , Katsenis Athanassis , Mottillo Cristina , Ayoub Ghada , Do Jean-Louis , M. Fidelli Athena , Rogers Robin , Friscic Tomislav
Published: April 2019

Systematic investigation of combustion energies for popular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) reveals energy content comparable to conventional energetic materials and can be further modified and dine-tuned by polymorphism and isostructural ligand replacement to yield materials with energy densities comparable to Diesel or kerosene.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of ZIFs Compatible with Iron: A Route Towards the Elusive Fe(II) Analogue of ZIF-8
Authors: López-Cabrelles Javier , romero jorge , Abellán Gonzalo , GIménez Marques Mónica , palomino miguel , valencia susana , rey fernando , Minguez Espallargas Guillermo
Published: April 2019

Herein we report the synthesis of an elusive metal-organic framework, the iron(II) analogue of ZIF-8, with formula Fe(2-methylimidazolate)2, here denoted as MUV-3. The preparation of this highly interesting porous material, inaccessible by common synthetic procedures, occurs in a solvent-free reaction upon addition of an easily detachable template molecule, yielding single crystals of MUV-3. This methodology is extensive to other metals and imidazolate derivatives, allowing the preparation of ZIF-8, ZIF-67 and other unprecedented iron(II) ZIFs, Fe(2-ethylimidazolate)2 and Fe(2-methylbenzimidazolate)2. The different performance of MUV-3 towards NO sorption, compared to ZIF-8, results from the chemisorption of NO molecules, which also causes a gate opening behavior. Finally, the controlled pyrolysis of MUV-3 results in a N-doped graphitic nanocomposite that exhibits extraordinary performances for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER), with low overpotential at different current densities (316 mV at 10 mA·cm–2), low Tafel slope (37 mV per decade), high maximum current density (710 mA·cm–2 at 2.0 V vs RHE) and large durability (15 h).
Tracking Rearrangement of Atomic Configurations During the Conversion from FAU Zeolite to CHA Zeolite
Authors: Muraoka Koki , Sada Yuki , Shimojima Atsushi , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: April 2019

In order to realize designed synthesis, understanding the formation mechanism of zeolites at an atomic level has long been aspired, but remains challenging due to the fact that knowledge of atomic configurations of the species formed during the process is limited. We focus on a synthesis system that crystallizes CHA zeolite from FAU zeolite as the sole source of tetrahedral atoms of Si and Al, so that end-to-end characterization can be conducted. Solid-state 29Si MAS NMR is followed by high-throughput computational modeling to under-stand how atomic configurations changed during the interzeolite conversion. This reveals that the structural motif commonly found in FAU and CHA is not preserved during the conversion; rather, there is a specific rearrangement of silicates and aluminates within the motif. The atomic configuration of CHA seems to be influenced by that of the starting FAU, considering that CHA synthesized without using FAU results in a random Al distribution. A Metropolis Monte-Carlo simulation combined with a lattice minimization technique reveals that CHA derived from FAU has energetically favorable, biased atomic locations, which could be a result of atomic configurations of the starting FAU. These results suggest that by choosing the proper reactant, Al placement could be designed, to enhance targeted properties of zeolites for catalysis and adsorption.
Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks dengan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA)
Authors: Wantini Nonik Ayu , Indrayani Novi
Published: April 2019

Pendahuluan: Kanker serviks adalah kanker tertinggi keempat pada wanita dengan perkiraan 570.000 kasus baru pada tahun 2018 yang mewakili 6,6% dari semua kanker wanita. Tingkat kematian yang tinggi dari kanker serviks secara global dapat dikurangi melalui pencegahan, diagnosis dini, skrining yang efektif dan program pengobatan. Sampai tahun 2016, cakupan IVA di Indonesia sebesar 4,34% yang masih jauh dari target nasional sebesar 10% pada akhir tahun 2015.Metode: Jenis penelitian survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 19 Maret sd 04 Mei 2018. Sampel adalah semua wanita usia 19-49 tahun yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Kalasan, berdomisili di Kecamatan Kalasan, memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel berjumlah 350 orang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen adalah kuesioner dan pengambilan data dengan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan fisher exact test.Hasil: Pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks sebagian besar dalam kategori rendah (97,4%). Sikap positif terhadap deteksi dini kanker serviks adalah 96,3%. Sebesar 80,3% yakin kanker serviks akan sembuh jika ditemukan lebih dini. Sebanyak 92,3% tidak melakukan IVA test dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks adalah pengetahuan (p-value = 0,003).Diskusi: Tidak ada hubungan antara sikap, kepercayaan dengan deteksi dini kanker serviks dikarenakan ada faktor lain yang lebih berpengaruh. Sesuai hasil penelitian diketahui 68,9% tidak melakukan IVA dikarenakan belum mengetahui tentang IVA.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Bekerja terhadap Perkembangan Kepribadian Anak Usia PRA Sekolah
Authors: Suryanda Suryanda
Published: April 2019

SemakinÂ  berkurangnya perhatian orang tua terhadap anaknya karena keduanya sama-sama bekerja, mengakibatkan terbatasnya interaksi orang tua dengan anak. Perkembangan keperibadian anak menjadi menjadi terganggu, menjadi pribadi tidak mandiri dan asosial. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua bekerja terhadap perkembangan kepribadian pada Anak Usia Pra sekolah (umur 3 â€“ 5 tahun). Merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik melibatkan 60 responden ibu yang mempunyai anak pra sekolah (umur 3-5 tahun) di Kota Prabumulih. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, cek list dan lembar persetujuan kesediaan menjadi responden penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan fisher exact diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0.00 (< 0.05), sehingga disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan perilaku anak pra sekolah. Pada Anak Usia Pra sekolah harus mulai ditanamkan sikap dan norma kehidupan yang menunjang pembentukan kepribadiannya pada masa mendatang. Kedua orang tua yang bekerja diluar rumah menyebabkan pola pengasuhan juga terbatas bahkan terputus,Â  untuk itu orang tua yang sibuk bekerja harus menyediakan waktu bercengkrama untuk menstimulasi anak berkembang secara optimal. Orang tua harus berupayaÂ  membentuk pola asuh demokratif dan tidak memberikan kasih sayang berlebihan sehingga anak tidak manja dan kurang matang secara sosial.
Analisi Kandungan FE dalam Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada Ibu Menyusui
Authors: Ernawati Dwi , Ismarwati Ismarwati , Hutapea Henny Parida
Published: April 2019

Kandungan zat besi baik di dalam ASI maupun susu formula keduanya rendah serta bervariasi. Namun bayi yang mendapat ASI mempunyai risiko yang lebih kecil untuk mengalami kekurangan zat besi dibanding dengan bayi yang mendapat susu formula. Hal ini disebabkan karena zat besi yang berasal dari ASI lebih mudah diserap, yaitu 20-50% dibandingkan hanya 4 -7% pada susu formula. Keadaan ini tidak perlu dikuatirkan karena dengan pemberian makanan padat yang mengandung zat besi mulai usia 6 bulan masalah kekurangan zat besi ini dapat diatasi(Hendarto & Pringgadini 2013). Fe merupakan salah satu zat yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan bayi. Dan banyak yang masyarakat yang beraggapan bahwa status gizi pada ibu berpengaruh dalam komponen dalam ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu besar kandungan Fe dalam Air susu ibu dengan metode Atomic Aborbtion Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil penelitian di dapatkan Hb pada ibu menyusui normal Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan kadar Fe dalam ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan Hb normal dengan ibu menyusui yang anemia.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Communication on Employees’ Work Satisfaction at Education and Culture Office in West Kalimantan
Authors: Oktafiani Erna , Chiar M. , Sukmawati Sukmawati
Published: April 2019

The process of reorganization of the application of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the moratorium of civil servants and the limited quota of participants on attending education and training leads to two factors of job satisfaction, namely organization, and management. This study aims to (1) determine the influence of leadership emotional intelligence with job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province; (2) To determine the effect of interpersonal communication with job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province; (3) To determine the influence of leadership emotional intelligence and interpersonal communication on job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province. The results obtained from this study are the emotional intelligence of leaders significantly influence the job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province, which means that the better the emotional intelligence of their leaders, the higher the job satisfaction of employees of the West Kalimantan Provincial Education and Culture Office. Second, interpersonal communication has a significant effect on the job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province, which means that the better interpersonal communication that exists between employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province, the higher the job satisfaction of employees. Third, leadership emotional intelligence and interpersonal communication together have a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province. It means that the better the emotional intelligence of leaders and interpersonal communication that exists between employees of the Department of Education and Culture of West Kalimantan Province, the higher the job satisfaction of the employees.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIAL BASED ON CONCEPT MAPS TO TRAIN OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS CHEMICAL EDUCATION OF SUDENTS IN THE SUBJECT MATTER OF ISOMER
Authors: Ismono Ismono , Suyatno Suyatno , Tukiran Tukiran
Published: April 2019

This study is a research and development of teaching materials of concept map-based on inquiry strategy with the aim of testing the feasibility of the device through three indicators, namely: (a) the validity, (b) the effectiveness, and (c) the practicality. The subjects used in this study are three experts namely 2 professors and 1 doctor, and 24 students of chemical education class who take college organic chemistry 1.  Research carried out for four weeks. The results showed that the teaching material to developed: (1) to have the validity of the theory with good category; (2) has practicality in learning; (3) has the effectiveness, because  capable of improving learning achievement and higher level thinking skills shown by the increasing score gain in the category of medium  or high.
SOME MISTAKE WHICH OFTEN HAPPENED IN SIMULATION OF INDUCTIVE MODELS IMPLEMENTING
Authors: Muchlis Muchlis
Published: April 2019

Not forever what written in theory accepted student correctly. Observing is important to check simulation implementing of inductive model by student of Chemistry Education Program of Chemical Department of FMIPA Unesa after they were studying inductive model theory. Observing was conducted since even semester 2012 / 2013 untill even semester 2015 / 2016. Result of observing show there are some mistake which often happened in simulation implementing of inductive model. First mistake is deem that in open-ended phase teacher is obliged to attend the non example of concept, though the non example of  concept is not obliged to be attended teacher. Second mistake is teacher teach two concept at the same time in a series of inductive model sintak, though ought to a series of inductive model sintak to teach one concept. Third mistake is example of concept and non example of concept in open-ended is always made more simple than convergent phase so that student respon too varying and it is very difficulty by teacher in convergent phase. Fourth mistake is concept which will reach is not well defined so directingstudent to reach concept is difficulty. Fifth mistake is practice problem in application phase less regarding how is student get concept or not representation of conception which have been reached.
Native bees pollinate tomato flowers and increase fruit production
Authors: Franceschinelli Edivani Villaron , Silva Neto Carlos Melo , Lima Flaviana Gomes , Gonçalves Bruno Bastos , Bergamini Leonardo Lima , Bergamini Barbara Araújo Ribeiro , Elias Marcos Antônio
Published: April 2019

The tomato plant has a specific relationship with native pollinators because the form of its flowers is adapted to buzz pollination carried out by some pollen-gatherer bees that vibrate their indirect flight muscles to obtain that floral resource. The absence and the low density of these bees in tomato fields can lead to pollination deficits for crop. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that open tomato flowers, probably visited by native pollinator, have greater pollen load on their stigma than unvisited flowers. Another objective is to show that this great pollen load increases fruit production. We selected crops of the Italian tomato cultivar in areas of the State of Goiás, Brazil. Thirty seven plants of three crops each had one inflorescence bagged in the field. Bagged and non-bagged flowers had their stigmas collected and the amount of pollen on their surfaces was quantified. For the comparison of fruit production, we monitored bagged and not-bagged inflorescences and after 40 days, their fruits were counted, weighed, measured and had their seeds counted. The amount of pollen grains on the stigma of flowers available to pollinators was higher than that on the stigma of bagged flowers. On average, fruit production was larger in not-bagged inflorescences than in bagged inflorescences. In addition, not-bagged flowers produced heavier fruits than did bagged flowers. There was a significant difference in the number of seeds between treatments, with significantly more seeds in the non-bagged fruit. Our results show that native bees buzz-pollinate tomato flowers, increasing the pollen load on their stigma and consequently fruit production and quality.
Pollination, seed set and fruit quality in apple: studies with Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Sheffield Cory Silas
Published: April 2019

The orchard crop pollinator Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) was evaluated for apple pollination in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada during 2000-2001. Resulting pollination levels (measured as pollen grains on floral stigmas), percent fruit set, mature fruit weight and seed yield were evaluated against an attempted gradient of Osmia bee density. In addition, fruit quality was assessed using two symmetry indices, one based on fruit diameter, the second on fruit height. Pollination levels, percent fruit set and mature fruit quality were much higher than minimums required for adequate crop production, and all but pollination levels showed weak but significant decreases at increased distance from the established nests, suggesting that even at low numbers these bees may have been making significant contributions to apple production. Fruit were typically of better quality in areas of the orchard adjacent to Osmia nests, having fewer empty carpels and greater symmetry; fruit quality (i.e., symmetry) is typically most reduced when two or more adjacent carpels are empty. Empty carpels reduce growth in fruit height rather than diameter, suggesting that symmetry indices using fruit diameter are not sensitive enough to evaluate fruit quality. Evidencing this, fruit without mature seeds observed in this study showed high symmetry based on diameter, but were greatly asymmetric with respect to fruit height. Further discussion on Osmia bees as apple pollinators and on methods of evaluating apple fruit quality with respect to seed distribution within the apple fruit are provided.
Mutualism of Stratiotes aloides L. (Hydrocharitaceae) and Hydrellia tarsata Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae): Tritrophic interaction of macrophyte, leaf-mining dipteran pollinator and parasitoid Braconidae
Authors: Katzenberger Jakob , Zacharias Dietmar
Published: April 2019

The aquatic macrophyte Stratiotes aloides L. is of conservation concern in central Europe due to its high importance for biodiversity in lowland floodplain and ditch ecosystems. However, over the last decades this species has shown population declines for instance in Germany or the Netherlands. S. aloides is dioecious with male and female individuals, in mixed or separated stands, often reproducing vegetatively. Generative reproduction is observed less frequently, but of great importance for declining plant populations facing threats of habitat destruction and eutrophication. Precisely which arthropods transfer S. aloides pollen was previously unknown. We examined flower visitors of S. aloides in the 2011 and 2014 flowering seasons in ditches of a wet grassland ecosystem in Bremen, Northwest Germany. Hydrellia tarsata Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae) was found abundantly in male and female flowers of S. aloides in both years. Pollen of S. aloides was actively transferred by H. tarsata and reproduction of the fly in S. aloides leaves was detected by rearing H. tarsata from extracted puparia. The mining Hydrellia were parasitised by the braconid wasps Chaenusa “punctulata” Burghele and Chorebus “densepunctatus” Burghele, which also visited S. aloides flowers in 2011 and 2014. These results point to a mutualism between S. aloides and the ephydrid H. tarsata, with both partners benefiting with their own reproduction. This relationship between plant and dipteran pollinator is however complicated in a tritrophic interaction with the braconid parasitoids, which infest the mining stages of the ephydrid flies and could potentially also transfer S. aloides pollen.
False-colour photography: a novel digital approach to visualize the bee view of flowers
Authors: Verhoeven Christian , Ren Zong-Xin , Lunau Klaus
Published: April 2019

The colour vision system of bees and humans differs mainly in that, contrary to humans, bees are sensitive to ultraviolet light and insensitive to red light. The synopsis of a colour picture and a UV picture is inappropriate to illustrate the bee view of flowers, since the colour picture does not exclude red light. In this study false-colour pictures in bee view are assembled from digital photos taken through a UV, a blue, and a green filter matching the spectral sensitivity of the bees’ photoreceptors. False-colour pictures demonstrate small-sized colour patterns in flowers, e.g. based on pollen grains, anthers, filamental hairs, and other tiny structures that are inaccessible to spectrophotometry. Moreover, false-colour pictures are suited to demonstrate flowers and floral parts that are conspicuous or inconspicuous to bees. False-colour pictures also direct the attention to other ranges of wavelength besides ultraviolet demonstrating for example blue and yellow bulls’ eyes in addition to UV bulls’ eyes which previously have been overlooked. False-colour photography is a robust method that can be used under field conditions, with various equipment and with simple colour editing.
Attractiveness of the dark central floret in wild carrots: do umbel size and height matter?
Authors: Gonzalez Victor Hugo , Cruz Peter , Folks Nadiyah , Sarah Anderson Sarah , Travis Dillon , Hranitz John , Barthell John
Published: April 2019

The function of the dark central floret (DCF) in the wild carrot, Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae), is uncertain. It has been suggested that it is a vestigial structure without a function, that it serves as a long or short distance signal to attract pollinators, or that it might function as a defense mechanism against herbivores. We experimentally assessed the role of the umbel size and height in the attractiveness of the DCF to insects in a coastal population of D. carota in western Turkey. We did not find differences in the number of insect visits between umbels with a DCF and umbels in which the DCF was removed when they were of average diameter (10 cm) and were placed either at the average inflorescence height (120 cm) or at 147 cm above ground. Similarly, we did not find differences in the number of insect visits before and after the removal of the DCF from an umbel or between umbels of small (5–7 cm) and large (11–13 cm) diameters. However, umbels of average diameter with DCF received more insect visits than those without it when we placed them at 81 cm above ground. These results suggest that umbel height, not diameter per se, influences the attractiveness of the DCF in the studied population. Thus, our study supports the hypothesis that DCF function depends on ecological context, reliant on both the visitor community and the predominant flower phenotype.
The effect of the dispersion of rewarding and rewardless flowers on visitation and constancy by bumblebees (Bombus impatiens)
Authors: Katz Emma J , Essenberg Carla J
Published: April 2019

Deceptive pollination strategies, in which plants rely on animal pollinators but provide no benefits to their pollinators, have evolved many times in angiosperms. However, the conditions that favour deceptive pollination strategies over mutualistic strategies are poorly understood. One factor that may be important for the success of deceptive strategies is the plants’ dispersion in relation to co-flowering, rewarding species. We compared pollinator behaviour across two artificial environments, one in which a rewardless species was mixed with a rewarding species and one in which the two species occurred in contiguous patches. Bumblebees both encountered and visited rewardless flowers more often when they were mixed with rewarding species. However, the rate of switching was also higher under those conditions, which could result in higher rates of interspecific pollen transfer. The environmental conditions most favourable to deceptive pollination strategies may vary depending on the vulnerability of the plant species to interspecific pollen transfer.
Pollen carryover between sequential foraging trips by a solitary bee: Implications for distant outcrossing
Authors: Cane James H , Love Byron
Published: April 2019

Animal pollination depends on foragers moving pollen between conspecific flowers and plants. Pollinating bees often exhibit patch fidelity and frequent grooming during a foraging trip, which results in intensely localized pollen carryover. If their host’s seed dispersal is likewise limited, then spatial mosaics of small genetic neighbourhoods should result. However, spatial distributions of genetic markers of seeds often reveal infrequent long-distance gene flow mediated by pollinating bees, seemingly at odds with expectations of bees’ local patch fidelity and suggesting an additional mechanism at work.A greenhouse experiment that used nesting Osmia californica bees foraging at sunflowers tested the pollination fate of any bodily pollen that lingers on females even after they discharge a pollen load at their nest. Once a provisioning female had returned to her nest, we moved the nest with her inside from a cage with male-fertile sunflowers to a cage with male-sterile sunflowers. There females quickly resumed foraging. They nearly always pollinated and set seed at the first male-sterile flowerhead that they visited, the result of fertile bodily pollen carried over from the previous foraging trip. Every visit to a second male-sterile flowerhead set additional seed.If, as seems likely, outbound nesting females sometimes switch between host patches, then this mechanism of pollen carryover could explain occasional distant pollen-mediated gene flow events, as summarizes in a graphic model. Carryover should mitigate inbreeding depression in threatened plant populations, or conversely, sometimes contaminate seed crops, with relevance for spatially isolating foundation seed fields and coexistence of GMO and conventional crops.
Controlled pollinations reveal self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression in the nutritionally important parkland tree, Parkia biglobosa, in Burkina Faso
Authors: Lassen Kristin Marie , Kjær Erik Dahl , Ouédraogo Moussa , Dupont Yoko Luise , Nielsen Lene Rostgaard
Published: April 2019

The socioeconomically important fruit tree Parkia biglobosa is becoming less abundant in the West African savannah, possibly due to poor regeneration. This decline can be self-enforcing if lower densities of fertile trees result in increasing self-pollination followed by increased abortion rates or poor regeneration due to inbreeding depression. Hence, we have studied the reproductive success and seedling viability of P. biglobosa after controlled self- and cross-pollination based on a full diallel crossing design with eight trees. Controlled cross-pollination tripled the pod set compared to open-pollinated capitula, suggesting that fruiting of P. biglobosa trees in the study area is already seriously pollen limited. Self-pollination and specific pairs of trees resulted in very few pods, suggesting a high level of self-incompatibility. Cross-pollination resulted in larger pods with more and heavier seeds than self-pollinated pods. The total amount of sugar in the fruit pulp was correlated with both the number of healthy and total seeds per pod. Growth rate of self-pollinated seedlings was lower than the cross-pollinated ones, suggesting significant inbreeding depression. Because the wild fruit trees play an important role in human nutrition, these results give rise to serious concerns. We recommend that future studies investigate how the level of cross-pollination can be increased and how the regeneration of P. biglobosa, whether natural or planted, can be improved.
Bumble bee forager abundance on lowland heaths is predicated by specific floral availability rather than the presence of honey bee foragers: evidence for forage resource partitioning
Authors: Franklin Elizabeth , Carroll Tadhg , Blake Debborah , Rickard Kate , Diaz Anita
Published: April 2019

Honey bees are being scrutinized for their potential impact upon wild bees. In lowland heath mosaics, a simple but resource rich habitat for pollinators, there is a higher probability of niche overlap for bumble bees and honey bees due to the requirement of similar resources and limited floral diversity. This study assesses i) if there is any evidence of forage competition between bumble bees and honey bees and ii) asks to what extent the number of bumble bee foragers in a lowland heath mosaic over the summer months is affected by floral resource availability in different heath types (wet/dry). Bumble bee and honey bee counts were conducted at 30 wet heath and 30 dry heath 20 m × 20 m sites, in the Poole Basin, UK. The relationships between bumble bee and honey bee forager observations and ericaceous forage availability throughout the summer were evaluated using GLMMs considering presence and abundance of honey bees and specific floral availability as factors.Only weak correlations of honey bee forager abundance on bumble bee forager abundance were detected. Instead, the most important factors relating to bumble bee numbers were the abundance of specific floral resources within the heath type (wet/dry). Bumble bees and honey bees showed resource use consistent with resource partitioning with bumble bees predominantly using wet heaths and honey bees using dry heaths. These findings provide evidence of the importance of maintaining complex habitat mosaics within broader habitats to promote coexistence between bumble bees and honey bees.
Floral visits of the wild bee, Lithurgus atratus, impact yield and seed germinability of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Shashini , Karunaratne Inoka
Published: April 2019

Bee-pollinated crops in landscapes with a low abundance of bees suffer from insufficient pollination. The present study investigates the effect of wild bee pollination on fruit and seed production in okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. The study was conducted in a home garden, where an okra field was established for three pollination trials each to include 40 okra plants. For each trial, three sets of 25 flower buds were selected and tagged. One set was covered to deter bees, another set was kept open to enable bee visits and the other set was cross-pollinated by hand. Of the two species of bees, Tetragonula iridipennis (Smith) visited flowers for nectar while Lithurgus atratus Smith collected and carried pollen grains. The period of stigma receptivity and pollen availability coincided with the highest activity of L. atratus from 10.00 a.m. to 12.20 p.m. Bee-pollinated flowers had significantly enhanced okra pod length and diameter, seed number and seed germinability compared to the trial with flowers covered to deter bees. Hand pollinated flowers also produced significantly longer pods and a higher number of seeds with higher germinability. Although there was no significant difference in pod length and diameter and seed number between hand pollination trial and bee-pollinated trial, germinability of bee-pollinated seeds was significantly higher. Present study highlights the importance of the wild bee, L. atratus to enhance pod size, seed number and seed germinability in okra in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka.
A Comparative Study on High School First-year Mathematics Textbooks between South Korea and North Korea
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Park Mimi , Na Gwi Soo
Published: April 2019

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the exchanges and cooperations in the field of mathematics education between South Korea and North Korea. In this study, we compared and analyzed South and North Korean high school first-year mathematics textbooks based on the 2015 Mathematics Curriculum of South Korea and the 2013 Mathematics Gyosuyogang(Curriculum) of North Korea. The comparative analysis of the textbooks in this study was done in terms of the distribution of content areas and units, and the components and contents of units. As a result of comparing the distribution of content areas, the textbooks of South and North Korea differ in the proportion of each area, but they include all five content areas such as numbers and operations, letters and expressions, geometry, functions, probability and statistics. In the aspect of compositions of the unit, the textbooks of South and North Korea commonly contain the components playing similar roles. However, in most unit components, South Korean textbook contains more tasks and materials than North Korean textbooks, with using a wider range of materials and presenting in more depth.
Task Modification of Preservice Elementary Teachers: Focusing on Pattern Tasks
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Park JinHyeong
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the manner in which the elementary pre-service teachers modify pattern tasks in the textbook. This study especially focused on modification of pattern tasks to support students’ conjecturing on fostering diagrammatic reasoning and abductive reasoning. The findings of this study showed that elementary pre-service teachers modified pattern tasks to foster students’ construction, experiment, and observation on diagrams. The participants of this study also attempted to support students’ linguistic expressions, construction of abductions and inductive verification, and adding cases for observation and experimentation.
Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: An analysis of secondary data
Authors: Mufdlilah Mufdlilah , Rachmawati Fijri
Published: April 2019

Excessive fetal weight is considered as a health issues because it increases perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of macrosomia worldwide has increased over the past 2 to 3 decades. This study aimed to determine correlation between the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia among pregnant women. The design of this study was analytical with a case control approach. Data used to analyze the incidence of macrosomia based on secondary data from 2014-2018. This research suggested that diabetes mellitus in pregnancy has a significant relationship with the incidence of macrosomia.
Measuring the efficacy and quality of a professional development training on prejudice reduction and reflective practice: Transforming the delivery of change through collective insight and informed action.
Authors: Gordon-Littréan Berdine
Published: April 2019

This study explored the observed impact of the professional development training on agency employees and disposition toward sustained change in prejudice reduction in their applied practice over a period time.
Evaluating Cross-Country Policy Learning in Public Administration: The Case of Qatar-Singapore Partnership in Regional Training Centre for Public Administration (RTCPA)
Authors: Tok M. Evren , Sever Duygu
Published: April 2019

This study investigates the case of Qatar Singapore Regional Training Center for Public Administration.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MINYAK GORENG BIMOLI PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KECAMATAN KURANJI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Fernando Ongky , Dewi Aminar Sutra
Published: April 2019

Kosumen's behavior towards purchasing decisions is something that marketers must learn to know and understand how consumers make decisions, and the extent to which marketing stimuli can provide stimulus to purchasing decisions. So that can know whether the factors affect consumers in purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psychological factors on the selection of Bimoli cooking oil brand in housewives in Kuranji sub-district, Padang City. The type of this research is descriptive research, many samples used are 250 people by using technique of non-probability sampling method. Data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis, t test and coefficient of determination. This research is done to produce psychological factors have a significant effect on purchasing decision on housewife in Bimoli cooking oil election in District Kuranji Town Padang t arithmetic 5,008> t table 1,984 and significant value 0.000
Simple models for the operation of partially transparent radiative windows and their comparison to the radiative coolers
Authors: Skorobogatiy Maksim , Caloz Christophe , Zhung Erjun
Published: April 2019

In this work we solve approximately the radiative heat transfer problem in one dimension to perform a comparative analysis of the time averaged performance of the partially transparent radiative windows and radiative coolers. Our physical model includes the atmosphere, the window, and the backwall that are all in the thermal equilibrium with each other, and that can exchange energy via radiative heat transfer or convection. Moreover, we use a simplified two-state model for the optical properties of an atmosphere and a window material which assumes two distinct sets of the optical reflection/absorption/transmission parameters in the visible/near-IR versus mid-IR spectral ranges. Furthermore, we have distinguished the design goals for the partially transparent windows and radiative coolers and provided optimal choice for the material parameters to realize these goals. Thus, radiative coolers are normally non-transparent in the visible, and the main goal is to design a cooler with the temperature of its dark side as low as possible compared to that of the atmosphere. For the radiative windows, however, their surfaces are necessarily partially transparent in the visible. In the cooling mode, therefore, the main question is about the maximal visible light transmission through the window at which the temperature on the window somber side does not exceed that of the atmosphere. We believe that our simple physical models complimented with an in-depth comparative analysis of the radiative windows and coolers can be of interest to a number of scientists and engineers pursuing research in these disciplines.
STRUKTUR DASAR DAN PERAN MAKRO KLAUSA VERBAL BAHASA DAWAN DIALEK L
Authors: Otu Engelbertus
Published: April 2019

Bahasa Dawan Dialek L (BDDL) merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kota So,e Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, yang jumlah penuturnya termasuk kategori sedang. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan struktur dasar dan peran makro Bahasa Dawan Dialek L (BDDL) yakni, verba intransitif, verba ekatransitif dan verba dwitransitif, dalam kluasa Bahasa Dawan Dialek L. Kajian teori yang digunakan penulis Adalah Tata Bahasa Fungsional (TLF) atau lexical fungtional grammar (LFG) dan teori (Macroroles). Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode deskripsi kualitatif penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perilaku sintaksisnya verba intransitif, verba ekatransitif dan verba dwitransitif. Berdasarkan bentuknya, Bahasa Dawan Dialek L memiliki dua jenis verba yakni verba sederhana dan verba turunan. Struktur dasar klausa intranatif BDDL adalah SV dan tidak ada alternasi struktur dari struktur SVO. Struktur dasar klausa ekatransitif BDDL adalah SVO. Struktur dasar klausa dwitransitif BDDL adalah memiliki struktur SVOOθ. Peran makro aktor dan undergoar dalam klausa verbal BDDL terealisasi melalui peran tematis agen(agent), pemengaruh (effector), pengalam (experiencer), sumber (source) sedangkan peran tematis pasien (patient), sasaran (goal), resipien (recipient), benefaktif (benevaktive) dan tema (theme).
The impact of IoT security labelling on consumer product choice and willingness to pay
Authors: Johnson Shane , Blythe John M , Manning Matthew , Wong Gabriel
Published: April 2019

Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as security cameras and smart TVs vary considerably in the extent to which they provide security features to protect users from online threats, and it is currently difficult for consumers to differentiate between them. This creates a barrier to the adoption of purchasing behaviours that would help protect consumers from cybercrime. One proposal to address this is for IoT devices to carry a security label to help consumers navigate the market. Using a discrete choice experiment, we estimate the potential impact of such labels on participant’s decision making, after controlling for the influence of device functionality and price. We estimate the impact of three different labelling schemes on consumer choice, and their willingness to pay for devices that carried each of them. With the exception of a Graded label that implied a device had weak security, participants were significantly more likely to select a device that carried a label than one that did not. Participants were also willing to pay more for devices with premium functionality and those that came with a security label. While they were generally willing to pay more for premium functionality than security, for two of the labels tested, they were prepared to pay the same amounts. Qualitative responses suggest that participants would use a label to inform purchasing decisions, and that the labels did not generate a false sense of security. Our findings suggest that the use of a security label represents a policy option that could influence behaviour and that should be seriously considered.