bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Form of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm For Optimal Path Planning in Coverage Mission by Cooperated Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Haghighi Hassan , Sadati Seyed Hossein , Dehghan S.M. Mehdi , Karimi Jalal
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a new form of open traveling salesman problem (OTSP) is used for path planning for optimal coverage of a wide area by cooperated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A hybrid form of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) is developed for the current path planning problem of multiple UAVs in the coverage mission. Three path-planning approaches are introduced through a group of the waypoints in a mission area: PSO, genetic algorithm, and a hybrid form of parallel PSO-genetic algorithm. The proposed hybrid optimization tries to integrate the advantages of the PSO, i.e. coming out from local minimal, and genetic algorithm, i.e. better quality solutions within a reasonable computational time. These three approached are compared in many scenarios with different levels of difficulty. Statistical analyses reveal that the hybrid algorithm is a more effective strategy than others for the mentioned problem.
Site Resource Inventories – a Missing Link in the Circular City's Information Flow
Authors: Baganz Gösta , Proksch Gundula , Kloas Werner , Lorleberg Wolf , Baganz Daniela , Staaks Georg , Lohrberg Frank
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A circular city builds upon the principles of circular economy, which key
concepts of reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover lead to a coupling of
resources: products and by-products of one production process become the
input of another one, often in local vicinity. However, sources, types and
available quantities of underutilised resources in cities are currently not
well documented. Therefore, there is a missing link in the information flow
of the circular city between potential users and site-specific data. To
close this gap, this study introduces the concept of a site resource
inventory in conjunction with a new information model that can manage the
data needed for advancing the circular city. A core taxonomy of terms is
established as the foundation for the information model: the circular
economy is defined as a network of circular economy entities which are
regarded as black boxes and connected by their material and energy inputs
and outputs. This study proposes a site resource inventory, which is a
collection of infrastructural and building-specific parameters that assess
the suitability of urban sites for a specific circular economy entity. An
information model is developed to manage the data that allows the entities
to effectively organise the allocation and use of resources within the
circular city and its material and energy flows. The application of this
information model was demonstrated by comparing the demand and availability
of required alternative resources (e.g. greywater) at a hypothetical site
comprising a commercial aquaponic facility (synergistic coupling of fish and
vegetables production) and a residential building. For the implementation of
the information model a proposal is made which uses the publicly available
geodata infrastructure of OpenStreetMap and adopts its tag system to
operationalise the integration of circular economy data by introducing new
tags. A site resource inventory has the potential to bring together
information needs and it is thus intended to support companies when making
their business location decisions or to support local authorities in the
planning process.
Elevated sources of cobalt in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Bundy Randelle M. , Tagliabue Alessandro , Hawco Nicholas J. , Morton Peter L. , Twining Benjamin S. , Hatta Mariko , Noble Abigail E. , Cape Mattias R. , John Seth G. , Cullen Jay T. , Saito Mak A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Cobalt (Co) is an important bioactive trace metal that is the metal
cofactor in cobalamin (vitamin B12) which can limit or co-limit
phytoplankton growth in many regions of the ocean. Total dissolved and
labile Co measurements in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean during the
U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic expedition (GN01) and the Canadian International Polar
Year GEOTRACES expedition (GIPY14) revealed a dynamic biogeochemical cycle
for Co in this basin. The major sources of Co in the Arctic were from shelf
regions and rivers, with only minimal contributions from other freshwater
sources (sea ice, snow) and eolian deposition. The most striking feature
was the extremely high concentrations of dissolved Co in the upper 100 m,
with concentrations routinely exceeding 800 pmol L−1 over the shelf
regions. This plume of high Co persisted throughout the Arctic basin and
extended to the North Pole, where sources of Co shifted from primarily
shelf-derived to riverine, as freshwater from Arctic rivers was entrained in
the Transpolar Drift. Dissolved Co was also strongly organically complexed
in the Arctic, ranging from 70 % to 100 % complexed in the surface and deep
ocean, respectively. Deep-water concentrations of dissolved Co were
remarkably consistent throughout the basin (∼55 pmol L−1), with concentrations reflecting those of deep Atlantic water and
deep-ocean scavenging of dissolved Co. A biogeochemical model of Co cycling
was used to support the hypothesis that the majority of the high surface Co
in the Arctic was emanating from the shelf. The model showed that the high
concentrations of Co observed were due to the large shelf area of the
Arctic, as well as to dampened scavenging of Co by manganese-oxidizing (Mn-oxidizing)
bacteria due to the lower temperatures. The majority of this scavenging
appears to have occurred in the upper 200 m, with minimal additional
scavenging below this depth. Evidence suggests that both dissolved Co (dCo) and labile Co (LCo) are increasing over time on the Arctic shelf, and these limited temporal results are consistent
with other tracers in the Arctic. These
elevated surface concentrations of Co likely lead to a net flux of Co out of
the Arctic, with implications for downstream biological uptake of Co in the
North Atlantic and elevated Co in North Atlantic Deep Water. Understanding
the current distributions of Co in the Arctic will be important for
constraining changes to Co inputs resulting from regional intensification of
freshwater fluxes from ice and permafrost melt in response to ongoing
climate change.
A comprehensive dataset of vegetation states, fluxes of matter and energy, weather, agricultural management, and soil properties from intensively monitored crop sites in western Germany
Authors: Reichenau Tim G. , Korres Wolfgang , Schmidt Marius , Graf Alexander , Welp Gerhard , Meyer Nele , Stadler Anja , Brogi Cosimo , Schneider Karl
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The development and validation of hydroecological
land-surface models to simulate agricultural areas require extensive data
on weather, soil properties, agricultural management, and vegetation states
and fluxes. However, these comprehensive data are rarely available since
measurement, quality control, documentation, and compilation of the different
data types are costly in terms of time and money. Here, we present a
comprehensive dataset, which was collected at four agricultural sites within
the Rur catchment in western Germany in the framework of the Transregional
Collaborative Research Centre 32 (TR32) “Patterns in
Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling and Data
Assimilation”. Vegetation-related data comprise fresh and dry
biomass (green and brown, predominantly per organ), plant height, green and
brown leaf area index, phenological development state, nitrogen and carbon
content (overall > 17 000 entries), and masses of harvest residues
and regrowth of vegetation after harvest or before planting of the main crop
(> 250 entries). Vegetation data including LAI were collected in
frequencies of 1 to 3 weeks in the years 2015 until 2017, mostly
during overflights of the Sentinel 1 and Radarsat 2 satellites. In addition,
fluxes of carbon, energy, and water (> 180 000 half-hourly
records) measured using the eddy covariance technique are included. Three
flux time series have simultaneous data from two different heights. Data on
agricultural management include sowing and harvest dates as well as information
on cultivation, fertilization, and agrochemicals (27 management periods). The
dataset also includes gap-filled weather data (> 200 000 hourly
records) and soil parameters (particle size distributions, carbon and
nitrogen content; > 800 records). These data can also be useful
for development and validation of remote-sensing products. The dataset
is hosted at the TR32 database
(https://www.tr32db.uni-koeln.de/data.php?dataID=1889, last access: 29 September 2020) and has the DOI
https://doi.org/10.5880/TR32DB.39 (Reichenau et al., 2020).
GLC_FCS30: Global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Liangyun , Chen Xidong , Gao Yuan , Xie Shuai , Mi Jun
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Over past decades, a lot of global land-cover products have been released, however, these is still lack of a global land-cover map with fine classification system and spatial resolution simultaneously. In this study, a novel global 30-m land-cover classification with a fine classification system for the year 2015 (GLC_FCS30-2015) was produced by combining time-series of Landsat imagery and high-quality training data from the GSPECLib (Global Spatial Temporal Spectra Library) on the Google Earth Engine computing platform. First, the global training data from the GSPECLib were developed by applying a series of rigorous filters to the MCD43A4 NBAR and CCI_LC land-cover products. Secondly, a local adaptive random forest model was built for each 5° × 5° geographical tile by using the multi-temporal Landsat spectral and textures features of the corresponding training data, and the GLC_FCS30-2015 land-cover product containing 30 land-cover types was generated for each tile. Lastly, the GLC_FCS30-2015 was validated using three different validation systems (containing different land-cover details) using 44 043 validation samples. The validation results indicated that the GLC_FCS30-2015 achieved an overall accuracy of 82.5 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.784 for the level-0 validation system (9 basic land-cover types), an overall accuracy of 71.4 % and kappa coefficient of 0.686 for the UN-LCCS (United Nations Land Cover Classification System) level-1 system (16 LCCS land-cover types), and an overall accuracy of 68.7 % and kappa coefficient of 0.662 for the UN-LCCS level-2 system (24 fine land-cover types). The comparisons against other land-cover products (CCI_LC, MCD12Q1, FROM_GLC and GlobeLand30) indicated that GLC_FCS30-2015 provides more spatial details than CCI_LC-2015 and MCD12Q1-2015 and a greater diversity of land-cover types than FROM_GLC-2015 and GlobeLand30-2010, and that GLC_FCS30-2015 achieved the best overall accuracy of 82.5% against FROM_GLC-2015 of 59.1 % and GlobeLand30-2010 of 75.9 %. Therefore, it is concluded that the GLC_FCS30-2015 product is the first global land-cover dataset that provides a fine classification system with high classification accuracy at 30 m. The GLC_FCS30-2015 global land-cover products generated in this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3986871 (Liu et al., 2020).
Lisa K. Traditi, AHIP, Medical Library Association President, 2020–2021
Authors: Heer Brittany R. , Nugent Ruby L.
Published: October 2020

In this profile, Lisa K. Traditi, MLS, AHIP, Medical Library Association president, 2020–2021, is described as an individual with a bright personality, rich professional experiences, and a natural ability to lead. She is a respected mentor in the medical librarianship field, especially in the realm of evidence-based medicine instruction and education. Traditi has spent the past twenty-six years at the Strauss Health Sciences Library at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
Psychological Treatment of Medical Patients Struggling with Harmful Substance Use
Authors: Belcinski Donna
Published: October 2020

As part of the Clinical Health Psychology Series, Psychological Treatment of Medical Patients Struggling with Harmful Substance Use is a comprehensive yet concise book that explains the neurobiology of addiction and offers clear guidance on how to spot and treat it.
Espressione dell’approssimazione tra spagnolo e italiano: il caso di venir siendo e venir a ser
Authors: Ambrosini Maria Vittoria
Published: October 2020

Questo studio vuole offrire un’opportunità di riflessione interlinguistica sull’espressione dell’approssimazione tra spagnolo e italiano a partire dalle due perifrasi spagnole venir siendo e venir a ser. Queste due perifrasi, infatti, sono tipicamente utilizzate dagli ispanofoni per esprimere approssimazione, la quale, a seconda del contesto, può essere di ordine quantitativo o tradursi in relativizzazione-eufemizzazione o ancora in espressione di dubbio rispetto a quanto il parlante afferma. In questo studio, si analizzano innanzitutto i punti in comune e le divergenze che caratterizzano le diverse sfumature di approssimazione – spesso talmente sottili da generare dubbi presso gli stessi ispanofoni – che possono veicolare venir siendo e venir a ser; si passa poi a un’analisi di tipo contrastivo tra spagnolo e italiano che mostrerà l’indisponibilità di perifrasi italiane corrispondenti a venir siendo e venir a ser in termini di forma e di espressione della valenza modale approssimativa. Infine, tramite un test ad hoc sottoposto a un gruppo di studenti di spagnolo italofoni, si rifletterà sia sul grado di trasparenza interpretativa che presentano per loro le due perifrasi spagnole in questione – a partire da cinque diversi  contesti d’uso proposti – sia sulle soluzioni linguistiche che offrirebbero gli informanti per renderle nella loro lingua madre.
Potencial antimicrobiano, citotóxico e leishmanicida do extrato em diclorometano das partes aéreas de Mitracarpus frigidus (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Fabri Rodrigo Luiz , Da Cunha Paula Spagnol , Campos Lara Melo , Lemos Ari Sérgio de Oliveira , Coimbra Elaine Soares , Scio Elita
Published: October 2020

Este presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o potencial antimicrobiano, leishmanicida e citotóxico do extrato em diclorometano das partes aéreas de Mitracarpus frigidus. Além de identificar as principais classes de metabólitos especiais desse extrato. Para realização dos ensaios biológicos foram testadas nove linhagens de microrganismos (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans e Cryptococcus neoformans), duas espécies de Leishmanias (L. amazonensis e L. chagasi). A citotoxicidade foi testada frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato em diclorometano apresentou expressiva atividades leishmanicida, frente a ambas formas promastigotas das espécies de Leishmanias, e antimicrobiana, principalmente contra B. cereus e C. neoformans. O ensaio de bioautografia identificou que as classes que possuem atividade antifúngica foram alcaloides e triterpenos. Os resultados apresentados abrem perspectivas para o futuro isolamento, purificação e identificação das substâncias bioativas de Mitracarpus frigidus que possam ser utilizadas no tratamento de infecções microbianas e leishmanioses.
Por uma didática mídia-educativa
Authors: Sobral Milliet Joana
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta subsídios para se pensar caminhos em direção a uma didática mídiaeducativa usando como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica motivada pelos resultados de uma pesquisa extensa realizada nas escolas municipais do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da constatação – ancorada pelos dados da pesquisa – de que as escolas ainda não incorporaram em suas práticas as principais diretrizes postas hoje pelo campo da Mídia-educação, aborda a importância do letramento midiático para a formação de cidadãos que possam se relacionar de forma crítica e criativa com as mídias e relata as barreiras elencadas por pesquisadores para a implementação das TIC nas escolas. Por fim, o artigo aponta um caminho a partir da construção de políticas públicas mídia-educativas com diretrizes claras e mecanismos que garantam sua implementação na didática em sala de aula, incorporando fundamentalmente: 1 - infraestrutura; 2 - formação continuada de professores; 3 - incentivos para que os professores implementem a política, com autonomia para criarem práticas pedagógicas

diversas, liberdade para a invenção e espaço para o erro.
Atividades não presenciais mediadas pelas tecnologias: aportes para o ensino de língua espanhola
Authors: Salete Sasset Rosane
Published: October 2020

OOs cursos presenciais de nível médio começam a inserir um percentual da carga horária em atividades de ensino a distância o que exige de seus profissionais uma contínua busca pelo aperfeiçoamento das práticas pedagógicas. Em um mundo em constante evolução, a necessidade de estar conectado ao outro é uma realidade que pressupõe a integração dos diversos conhecimentos em uma rede de saberes que se constrói a cada click. A partir do ano letivo de 2016, 20% da carga horária do curso Técnico em Agropecuária Integrado ao Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRO) – Campus Colorado do Oeste pode ser ofertada por meio de práticas de ensino a distância. Neste estudo, objetiva--se analisar as contribuições das atividades não presenciais mediadas pelas tecnologias para o ensino de Língua Espanhola. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa pautando-se no método da pesquisa-ação. As análises mostram que as atividades não presenciais favoreceram um contato maior com o idioma, além de propiciarem interação entre os alunos que se “arriscam”

livremente na língua hispânica adquirindo confiança no aprendizado do idioma.
A mídia como artefato cultural e suas contribuições para a docência: diálogos sobre o uso do celular em sala de aula
Authors: Silva Luciane Cristina , Da Silva Moraes Denise Rosana
Published: October 2020

Este texto ampliado propõe-se a discorrer sobre pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Sociedade, Cultura e Fronteiras,

vinculado à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná-UNIOESTE, em Foz do Iguaçu. Com a intenção de promover a formação continuada de professores/as, a pesquisa propôs a criação de um projeto de extensão, grupo de estudos, sobre a temática mídia. Este projeto, intitulado A mídia como artefato cultural e suas contribuições para a docência, nasce da investigação científica acerca desse tema e da observação empírica no cotidiano escolar dos conflitos sobre o uso de instrumentos midiáticos como parte do seu acervo metodológico. Neste texto o objetivo é refletir sobre o uso do celular em sala de aula configurando as perspectivas dos/as alunos/as e professores/as participantes e seus debates durante os encontros do grupo de estudos.
Social Impact of IVF (After COVID-19 Pandemic and New Normal)
Authors: Ahmed Dunya , Buheji Mohamed , Albakri Noor
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyse the different IVF services and its possible impact on family and social life, after the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors selected the Kingdom of Bahrain as a context for the research and explored the IVF influence on the ‘family stability’ and the ‘social stability’. The framework proposed shows the importance of future foresight of IVF transformation in both the area of life and livelihood.The study used a quantitative method to understand the type of demands on the supplied IVF services, and where the capacity could be raised in the new normal. The paper concludes that IVF could be a source for family stability and as one of the means of controlling the rising of psychosocial phenomena in the future. The other implication of this study calls for monitoring the rapid increases of dependency ratio, as fertility ratio drops, and how IVF services should be planned as part of a national policy; especially with the repeated emergency crisis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 10, No. 3
Authors: Lin Emily
Published: October 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2020
COVID-19 and Compliance with Awareness Programmes/Preventive Measures: A Case Study of Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adedokun Mary Olufunke , Kolawole Adenike Olayinka , Adeyemo Comfort Wuraola , Kayode Gladys Modupe , Bolarinwa O. M.
Published: October 2020

The study was carried out to examine the compliance of people to awareness programmes/preventive measures on COVID-19. The study was carried out in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State with the population being the residents of Ibadan North Local Government area. The study employed a descriptive design of the survey type. A self-designed questionnaire was used to elicit responses from respondents through purposive sampling method via Google form; sent to 400 respondents out of which 200 copies of questionnaire which were filled in a valid form were used for the study. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation with appropriate remarks were used to analyse the research questions while T-test was used to analyze hypotheses 1-3 and ordinary least squares regression was used to analyse hypothesis 4. The study showed that there existed a strong relationship between awareness programmes/preventive measures on COVID-19 and compliance of Ibadan North Local Government area citizens; that there existed a low significant relationship between medium of information and compliance of people to awareness/preventive measures on COVID-19 as indicated in (r = 0.811, P = .000 <0.05) and among others the study revealed that awareness programmes, medium of information and preventive measures had (P = 0.05, R = 0.993, R2 = 0.976, Adjusted R2 = 0.986, F = 4707.2; Sig = 0.000); which showed that these dependent variables had significant relationship with people’s compliance to awareness programmes on COVID-19.

Among the recommendations made were that government of Oyo State in particular and Nigeria in general should heighten the process of awareness programmes, provide materials that would help in taking preventive measures to indigent people and educate people on the lookout for verified and certified information from real authoritative sources as opposed to subscribing to fake news.
Re-examining the Relationship between Parliament and the Law Reform Commissions
Authors: Dharmananda Jacinta
Published: October 2020

Re-examining the Relationship between Parliament and the Law Reform Commissions – An Australian Perspective

In Australia, statutory law reform commissions answer to parliament, albeit through a senior government minister. But once the commission has fulfilled its obligations to parliament, what are the obligations of parliament to scrutinize, or even to consider, the commission’s recommendations? Further, what are its obligations in relation to proposed legislation that contains law reform proposals? This article addresses those questions in an Australian context, with a focus on the generalist law reform commissions.
About success in education. Paradoxes, tensions, irreducible contradictions
Authors: Murawska Anna
Published: October 2020

Success holds a special place in the modern world. It is treated as one of the most and commonly desired goods. The desire for success is also related to the educators. In the article the author indicates sources, symptoms and consequences of this specific culture of success. and refers to various theoretical approaches to education, including to the discussion on its purposefulness. In this context, the author points to the immeasurability of education and, consequently, to the causes of the difficulties in defining what is educational success. The author also specifies suggestions that allow educators to cope with this indelible difficulty in determining success in education and indicates the directions of self-education activities.
O design participativo como metodologia de trabalho na educação formal e em práticas cotidianas
Authors: Melo Jaqueline Ferreira Holanda de
Published: October 2020

No presente trabalho, apresenta-se a compilação de uma entrevista realizada por umadocente do Ensino Superior (UFRPE) a uma outra colega de trabalho (Unisinos), a entrevistadaque reflete e discute questões relacionadas aos Design Participativo (DP). O caminho daconversa trilhado pelas profissionais abrange não apenas o âmbito educacional, mas o davida cotidiana, isto é, trata também de como o DP pode ser considerado pragmaticamentepara o desenvolvimento e/ou acompanhamento de atividades práticas concernentes e decorrentesde outras dimensões do cotidiano do sujeito social. No percurso de construção dopensamento proposto, termos como curiosidade, proatividade, independência, autonomia ecoletividade foram bastante recorrentes para repensar práticas pedagógicas e profissionaisque não se restringem ao Design, pois são quesitos necessários a quaisquer atividades emque se intenta que todos que nelas estejam envolvidos participem. No decorrer da entrevista,verificou-se como a adoção das concepções do DP se apresenta como uma prática desafiadora,tanto no campo educacional como na perspectiva de sua atuação em outros camposdo saber. Por fim, ressalta-se que, no que concerne aos aspectos técnicos da entrevista, elafoi realizada através da plataforma de vídeo conferência Jitsi Meet, e teve duração aproximadade 40 minutos, gravada via aplicativo de áudio, disponível para sistema Android – e, na sequência,foi transcrita e organizada de acordo com as normas da língua, tendo sua aprovaçãopara publicação por parte da professora entrevistada.
guide til litteratursøgning og kildehenvisninger for bioanalytikerstuderende
Authors: Smith Julie , Hartz Christina Biber
Published: October 2020

Denne vejledning kan anvendes af studerende i forbindelse med projektarbejde og udarbejdelse af rapporter – herunder også litteraturstudier, projektprotokoller og bachelorprojekter.Vejledningen beskriver først selve litteratursøgningen (afsnit1), herefter beskrives, hvordan man laver kildehenvisninger i sin rapport (afsnit 2).
Suporte social e enfrentamento de pacientes com Doença de Parkinson e seus cuidadores familiares
Authors: De Santana Thamires Medeiros , Kohlsdorf Marina , De Araujo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira
Published: October 2020

A Doença de Parkinson consiste em uma cronicidade de natureza neurodegenerativa e progressiva. Em razão da escassez de estudos nacionais sobre o tema, realizou-se uma pesquisa com o objetivo geral de identificar e analisar a rede de suporte social e as estratégias de enfrentamento de cinco pacientes acometidos por essa enfermidade e seus respectivos cuidadores familiares. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados confirmaram a relevância do suporte social. As principais estratégias de enfrentamento identificadas foram: suporte social familiar e grupos de apoio. Recomenda-se que futuras pesquisas investiguem os efeitos das políticas públicas direcionadas aos portadores da Doença de Parkinson.
«La Zona», instalación interactiva sobre el desastre nuclear de Fukushima
Authors: de Soto Pablo
Published: October 2020

La Zona es una instalación interactiva sobre el desastre nuclear de Fukushima creada por los artistas asturianos Román Torre y Pablo DeSoto. Fue la propuesta premiada en la VI edición de la Beca de producción DKV Seguros-Álvarez Margaride convocada por LABoral Centro de Arte. Explora las posibilidades combinadas de la cartografía y el video para comprender los desastres ambientales contemporáneos.
Cadherins regulate nuclear topography and function of developing ocular motor circuitry
Authors: Knüfer Athene , Diana Giovanni , Walsh Gregory S , Clarke Jonathan DW , Guthrie Sarah
Published: October 2020

In the vertebrate central nervous system, groups of functionally related neurons, including cranial motor neurons of the brainstem, are frequently organised as nuclei. The molecular mechanisms governing the emergence of nuclear topography and circuit function are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of cadherin-mediated adhesion in the development of zebrafish ocular motor (sub)nuclei. We find that developing ocular motor (sub)nuclei differentially express classical cadherins. Perturbing cadherin function in these neurons results in distinct defects in neuronal positioning, including scattering of dorsal cells and defective contralateral migration of ventral subnuclei. In addition, we show that cadherin-mediated interactions between adjacent subnuclei are critical for subnucleus position. We also find that disrupting cadherin adhesivity in dorsal oculomotor neurons impairs the larval optokinetic reflex, suggesting that neuronal clustering is important for co-ordinating circuit function. Our findings reveal that cadherins regulate distinct aspects of cranial motor neuron positioning and establish subnuclear topography and motor function.
Brain hothubs and dark functional networks: correlation analysis between amplitude and connectivity for Broca’s aphasia
Authors: Lin Feng , Cheng Shao-Qiang , Qi Dong-Qing , Jiang Yu-Er , Lyu Qian-Qian , Zhong Li-Juan , Jiang Zhong-Li
Published: October 2020

Source localization and functional brain network modeling are methods of identifying critical regions during cognitive tasks. The first activity estimates the relative differences of the signal amplitudes in regions of interest (ROI) and the second activity measures the statistical dependence among signal fluctuations. We hypothesized that the source amplitude–functional connectivity relationship decouples or reverses in persons having brain impairments. Five Broca’s aphasics with five matched cognitively healthy controls underwent overt picture-naming magnetoencephalography scans. The gamma-band (30–45 Hz) phase-locking values were calculated as connections among the ROIs. We calculated the partial correlation coefficients between the amplitudes and network measures and detected four node types, including hothubs with high amplitude and high connectivity, coldhubs with high connectivity but lower amplitude, non-hub hotspots, and non-hub coldspots. The results indicate that the high-amplitude regions are not necessarily highly connected hubs. Furthermore, the Broca aphasics utilized different hothub sets for the naming task. Both groups had dark functional networks composed of coldhubs. Thus, source amplitude–functional connectivity relationships could help reveal functional reorganizations in patients. The amplitude–connectivity combination provides a new perspective for pathological studies of the brain’s dark functional networks.
AVALIAÇÃO FORMATIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Vieira Maria Clarisse , Lopes Reijane Da Silva
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como aspectos da avaliação formativa são compreendidos e implementados por docentes da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), em uma escola pública do Distrito Federal. O texto estabelece um diálogo entre as áreas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a avaliação para as aprendizagens. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de pesquisa exploratória, ancorada em uma abordagem qualitativa. Para isso, utiliza questionário sobre a prática avaliativa docente na EJA, entrevista semiestruturada e análise de documentos governamentais e Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola. A pesquisa aponta que a discussão acerca da avaliação formativa pode contribuir tanto para a melhoria do trabalho pedagógico da escola quanto para os sujeitos envolvidos com esta modalidade educativa.
Educação Moral em tempos de conservadorismo: a retomada da filosofia de Herbert Spencer
Authors: Mendonça Samuel , Fialho Wanessa Cristiane Gonçalves
Published: October 2020

Pensar a formação de estudantes no que se refere à moralidade no contexto de políticas educacionais é fundamental. O problema que motivou a investigação diz respeito à pergunta em que consiste a educação moral no pensamento de Herbert Spencer e em que medida essa concepção pode significar base para a construção de políticas públicas educacionais? O objetivo é discutir o pensamento de Spencer sobre a educação moral para afirmar que é a ciência o caminho para a superação da ignorância e do conservadorismo. Por meio de revisão de literatura, demonstrou-se a importância do uso de recursos da ciência como base de políticas educacionais que possam significar a superação do conservadorismo. Como resultado, a educação moral leva a uma educação completa, ao conferir autonomia ao sujeito levando ao pensamento crítico.
LÍNGUA OU DIALETO? CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O ESTATUTO DA LÍNGUA DE IMIGRAÇÃO ALEMÃ NA CIÊNCIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ewald Luana
Published: October 2020

Estudos que evidenciam a heterogeneidade linguística brasileira, quando inseridos em contextos de línguas de imigração, têm se confrontado com conceitos de língua, dialeto e/ou nação. A presente investigação objetiva discutir os conceitos de língua e dialeto em contexto de pesquisas de mestrado e doutorado desenvolvidas no Brasil acerca da língua brasileira de imigração alemã. Para tanto, realizou-se uma busca no catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) e da BDTD (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações), compreendendo os últimos 5 anos de estudos sobre o bilinguismo, língua brasileira de imigração, língua alemã e portuguesa, e educação bilíngue. A partir do panorama científico brasileiro, buscou-se estabelecer uma relação com as questões do que precisa ter uma língua para receber estatuto de língua, o que implica considerar o emprego dos conceitos de língua e dialeto como uma política linguística na esfera acadêmica para a “desinvenção” (MAKONI; PENNYCOOK, 2015) das línguas. A diferença entre “língua” e “dialeto”, como apresentam majoritariamente as dissertações e tese elencadas, têm uma dimensão eminentemente social, e não necessariamente linguística. Por isso, em meio ao debate político sobre o multilinguismo brasileiro, identificamos estudos no campo da dialetodologia, sociolinguística e linguística aplicada que desvelam a preferência por designar língua cada vernáculo alemão falado em contextos de descendentes de imigrantes alemães no Brasil.
PRÁTICAS DE LEITURA LITERÁRIA DO POEMINHA DO CONTRA, DE MÁRIO QUINTANA, PARA LEITORES SURDOS
Authors: Dos Santos Cardoso Junior Waldemar , Teixeira da Cunha Valéria
Published: October 2020

As atividades que envolvem leitura literária na esfera educacional têm como finalidade levar o aluno a construir sentidos daquilo que lê e perceber o modo como o texto diz o que diz (LAJOLO, 2000), para tanto, requerem que o leitor percorra três etapas: antecipação, decifração e interpretação do texto (COSSON, 2016). Nessa direção, este estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo participante, tem como objetivo geral analisar as práticas de ensino e aprendizagem de leitura do texto poético Poeminha do contra, de Mário Quintana, no projeto extensionista Ateliê de poesia para surdos, e como objetivos específicos: a) apresentar estratégias de ensino de leitura de Poeminha do contra, ministrada em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e b) descrever as atividades de compreensão e interpretação de leitores surdos no ciclo de leitura. A coleta de dados em roteiro de observação, fotografias e vídeos, ocorreu de maio de 2017 a agosto do mesmo ano, na Universidade Federal do Pará. Participaram desse estudo oito surdos e equipe técnica. As categorias de análise adotadas foram (i) vida e obra do poeta e o leitor surdo, (ii) poema e vocabulário e (iii) compreensão leitora compartilhada. Os resultados demostram que, por meio da leitura literária e do discurso em Libras, o surdo é capaz de elaborar atos de linguagem na tessitura de sentidos, o que lhe possibilita vivenciar experiências estéticas poéticas e expressar sua subjetividade.
МАКСИМ МАКСИМОВИЧ КОВАЛЕВСКИЙ КАК ИСТОРИК ЭКОНОМИКИ СРЕДНИХ ВЕКОВ И РАННЕГО НОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ, "Средние века"
Authors: Дыго Мариан
Published: October 2020

М.М. Ковалевский (1851-1916) был социологом, историком, юристом и экономистом. Его работы отличаются междисциплинарным подходом. В статье анализируются взгляды Ковалевского на экономическое развитие Западной Европы от падения Римской империи до раннего Е1ового времени. Ковалевского можно отнести к числу представителей «исторической школы в экономике», которая была влиятельной в Европе на рубеже XIX и XX вв. Ковалевский придавал большое значение трем аналитическим категориям: организации, институту и фактору производства, даже если он не использовал такую терминологию. Это обстоятельство облегчает проведение сравнительного анализа его взглядов и современной «новой институциональной экономики». Ковалевский интересовался историей экономического развития Западной Европы, поскольку искал сравнительный материал для экономической истории России. Он сосредоточил свое внимание на аграрном секторе и в меньшей степени на промышленном производстве и организации рынка. Аграрный вопрос был самой важной социально-экономической проблемой, стоявшей перед Россией в конце XIX и начале XX в.
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ В РАННЕЕ НОВОЕ ВРЕМЯ, "Средние века"
Authors: Кириллова Екатерина Николаевна
Published: October 2020

В статье на основе уставов ремесленных корпораций Реймса, а также общих для всего Французского королевства ремесленных и мануфактурных регламентов рассмотрены профессиональные проверки для ремесленников разных специальностей в раннее Новое время: шедевры, экзамены и разного рода испытания, которые было необходимо выдержать ремесленникам, претендовавшим на получение права работать по специальности. Автор выявляет своеобразие каждого из этих испытаний и характер их соотношения друг с другом.
ABC proteins in evolution
Authors: Ogasawara Fumihiko , Kodan Atsushi , Ueda Kazumitsu
Published: October 2020

ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins play diverse roles in all living organisms, making them an attractive model for evolution. Early evolution of ancestral unicellular organisms entailed the acquisition of at least three types of ABC proteins: type 1 ABC proteins to import nutrients, and type 2 and 3 ABC proteins to generate the outer cell membrane by flopping and loading lipids onto acceptors, respectively. To export various toxic lipophilic compounds, cells evolutionarily acquired a fourth type of ABC protein. This suggests that ABC proteins may have played an important role in evolution, especially when life became terrestrial, protecting plants and animals from water loss and pathogen infection. ABC proteins are also assumed to have accelerated the evolution of vertebrates by allowing cholesterol to function for intramembrane signaling. In this review, we discuss the roles of ABC proteins in the evolution of bacteria, plants, and animals.
The Use of Prior Learning Assessment for Enhanced Military‐to‐Civilian Transition Outcomes
Authors: Bergman Matt , Herd Ann M. , Green Ehren R.
Published: October 2020

The veteran military‐to‐civilian transition (MCT) process continues to be complex and unwielding. Higher education has an opportunity to ease this transition, but, unfortunately many institutions still miss the mark. One mechanism higher education institutes can incorporate to help with the transition is the use of prior learning assessments or PLA. This chapter explicates the efficacy of PLA for service members undergoing the MCT process, in the context of Military Transition Theory. Through this context, we propose linkages between PLA and enhanced transition outcomes. This conceptual paper encourages further research and practice for assisting veterans undergoing the MCT transition process.
Preliminary Investigation into the regeneration of luminescent signal in nanoDot OSLDs
Authors: Liu Kevin
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Reuse of optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) has been suggested in prior works by using a light source to erase the dosimeter’s signal (optical bleaching) and recharacterizing the dosimeter’s sensitivity based on its dose history. However, depending on the wavelength of the bleaching source and the dosimeter’s dose history this may be problematic due to the presence of deep dosimetric traps and the phototransfer mechanism observed in Al2O3. In this work we examine the regeneration of signal in OSL nanoDots, with prior irradiation history, following their bleaching from a light source containing blue wavelengths.

Methods

Irradiations were performed on 33 nanoDots at a dose range of 5–3000 cGy using 6 MV and 1000–3000 cGy using 220 kV x rays, with three nanoDots irradiated at each dose value. Following their irradiation, nanoDots were bleached using blue light for a period of 1 h. The postbleached signal in nanoDots was measured over a 27‐day period to track any changes in their measured signal due to the migration of charge carriers from deep dosimetric traps to shallower traps of the dosimeter.

Results

The growth extent and growth rate observed in bleached nanoDots were observed to be dependent on the dosimeter’s accumulated dose history and energy of the radiation source. The 12 nanoDots with prior irradiation history of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 cGy from 6 MV x rays exhibit an increase in measured signal that range from 220 to 5229 PMT counts when measured the first day postbleaching to 408–8710 PMT counts when measured on the 27th day postbleaching, which may be substantial depending on the application regarding the dosimeter's reuse.

Conclusion

These findings caution against the reuse and optical bleaching of nanoDots with prior irradiation history exceeding 100 cGy and demonstrate an energy, accumulated dose, and time dependence in the regeneration of signal in postbleached nanoDots with prior irradiation history.
Realizing Few‐Layer Iodinene for High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qian Mengmeng , Xu Zhongfei , Wang Zhongchang , Wei Bin , Wang Hua , Hu Shuxian , Liu Li‐Min , Guo Lin
Published: October 2020

Elemental 2D materials with fascinating characteristics are regarded as an influential portion of the 2D family. Iodine is as a typical monoelemental molecular crystal and exhibits great prospects of applications. To realize 2D iodine, not only is it required to separate the weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, but also to reserve the weak intramolecular halogen bonds; thus, 2D iodine is still unexploited until now. Herein, atomically thin iodine nanosheets (termed “iodinene”) with the thickness around 1.0 nm and lateral sizes up to hundreds of nanometers are successfully fabricated by a liquid‐phase exfoliation strategy. When used for the cathode of rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries, the ultrathin iodinene exhibits superb rate properties with a high specific capacity of 109.5 mA h g−1 at the high rate of 10 A g−1 owing to its unique 2D ultrathin architecture with remarkably enhanced pseudocapacitive behavior. First‐principles calculations reveal that the diffusion of sodium ions in few‐layered iodinene changes from the original horizontal direction in bulk to the vertical with a small energy barrier of 0.07 eV because of the size effect. The successful preparation and intensive structural investigation of iodinene paves the way for the development of novel iodine‐based science and technologies.
Oncogenic State and Cell Identity Combinatorially Dictate the Susceptibility of Cells within Glioma Development Hierarchy to IGF1R Targeting
Authors: Tian Anhao , Kang Bo , Li Baizhou , Qiu Biying , Jiang Wenhong , Shao Fangjie , Gao Qingqing , Liu Rui , Cai Chengwei , Jing Rui , Wang Wei , Chen Pengxiang , Liang Qinghui , Bao Lili , Man Jianghong , Wang Yan , Shi Yu , Li Jin , Yang Minmin , Wang Lisha , Zhang Jianmin , Hippenmeyer Simon , Zhu Junming , Bian Xiuwu , Wang Ying‐Jie , Liu Chong
Published: October 2020

Glioblastoma is the most malignant cancer in the brain and currently incurable. It is urgent to identify effective targets for this lethal disease. Inhibition of such targets should suppress the growth of cancer cells and, ideally also precancerous cells for early prevention, but minimally affect their normal counterparts. Using genetic mouse models with neural stem cells (NSCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as the cells‐of‐origin/mutation, it is shown that the susceptibility of cells within the development hierarchy of glioma to the knockout of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) is determined not only by their oncogenic states, but also by their cell identities/states. Knockout of IGF1R selectively disrupts the growth of mutant and transformed, but not normal OPCs, or NSCs. The desirable outcome of IGF1R knockout on cell growth requires the mutant cells to commit to the OPC identity regardless of its development hierarchical status. At the molecular level, oncogenic mutations reprogram the cellular network of OPCs and force them to depend more on IGF1R for their growth. A new‐generation brain‐penetrable, orally available IGF1R inhibitor harnessing tumor OPCs in the brain is also developed. The findings reveal the cellular window of IGF1R targeting and establish IGF1R as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.
Interlayer Exciton–Polaron in Atomically Thin Semiconductors
Authors: Semina Marina A. , Glazov Mikhail M. , Sherman Eugene
Published: October 2020

A novel type of exciton–phonon bound state—interlayer polaron—in a double‐layer 2D semiconductor with transition metal dichalcogenides as an example, is predicted. In these systems, the interaction of the interlayer exciton with the soft modes of out‐of‐plane lattice vibrations caused by van der Waals forces and flexural rigidity gives rise to a bound quasiparticle. The energy and effective mass of the formed polaron for weak and strong exciton–phonon coupling regimes are calculated and analyzed. Possible manifestations of these effects in transport‐ and spectroscopy‐related experiments are discussed.
Introducing tox‐Profiles of Chemical Reactions
Authors: Egorova Ksenia S. , Galushko Alexey S. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: October 2020

In this Essay, we present a critical analysis of two common practices in modern chemistry—that is, of using speculations about the “greenness” and “nontoxicity” of developed synthesis procedures and of a priori labelling various compounds derived from natural sources as being environmentally safe. We note that every organic molecule that contains functional groups should be biologically active. Thus, analysis of the particular greenness and the potential environmental impact of a given chemical process should account for the biological activity of all its components in a measureable (rather than empirical) way. We highlight the necessity of clarifying discussions on biological activity and toxicity and propose possible ways of introducing tox‐Profiles as a reliable overview of the overall toxicity of chemical reactions.
Excited State Anions in Organic Transformations
Authors: Schmalzbauer Matthias , Marcon Michela , König Burkhard
Published: October 2020

Utilizing light is a smart way to fuel chemical transformations as it allows the energy to be selectively focused on certain molecules. Many reactions involving electronically excited species proceed via open‐shell intermediates, which offer novel and unique routes to expand the hitherto used synthetic toolbox in organic chemistry. The direct conversion of non‐prefunctionalized, less activated compounds is a highly desirable goal to pave the way towards more sustainable and atom‐economic chemical processes. Photoexcited closed‐shell anions have been shown to reach extreme potentials in single electron transfer reactions and reveal unusual excited‐state reactivity. It is, therefore, surprising that their use as a reagent or photocatalyst is limited to a few examples. In this Review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of anionic photochemistry, highlight pioneering work, and show recent progress which has been made by utilizing photoexcited anionic species in organic synthesis.