bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic factors affecting feed efficiency, feeding behaviour and related traits in pigs
Authors:   McGill University, Canada, Ngoc Do Duy , Kadarmideen Haja N. ,   Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Published: October 2017

Feed resource efficiency contributes to sustainable production of pig meat, both economically and environmentally. This chapter describes different measures of feed efficiency and the underlying genetics of feeding in pigs, drawing on studies of genetic correlations of residual feed intake (RFI) with pig production traits and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealing the genetic architecture and biological mechanisms of feed efficiency. The chapter looks ahead to the future and recommends adoption of an integrative systems genomic approach to ensure accurate genomic prediction and a more comprehensive biological understanding of feed efficiency.
Modelling nutrient requirements for pigs to optimize feed efficiency
Authors:   PEGASE, INRA – Agrocampus Ouest, France, Brossard Ludovic , Dourmad Jean-Yves ,   PEGASE, INRA – Agrocampus Ouest, France, Garcia-Launay Florence ,   PEGASE, INRA – Agrocampus Ouest, France, van Milgen Jaap ,   PEGASE, INRA – Agrocampus Ouest, France
Published: October 2017

Improvement of feed efficiency is crucial if pig production is to meet the challenge of sustainability in terms of production costs and environmental impact. This implies to precisely know the nutrient requirements of sows and growing pigs to develop adapted feeding strategies and thus optimize performance. This chapter describes existing modelling approaches developed to predict the nutrient requirement of a single individual animal (growing pig or sow) in terms of protein/amino acids, energy and minerals, and depending on characteristics of the pig and the feed, and environmental conditions. The chapter proposes and explains the integration of individual variability among animals into models for pig feeding, its application in precision feeding, and illustrates via a case study the relevance of the application of these models for improving feed efficiency.
The use of exogenous enzymes to improve feed efficiency in pigs
Authors:   AB Vista, UK, Bedford M. R. , Walk C. L. ,   AB Vista, UK
Published: October 2017

Exogenous feed enzymes have been in commercial use in swine diets for almost 30 years. This chapter focuses on the use of three classes of enzymes: NSP’ases, phytases and proteases. We review the evidence that their use is beneficial, and suggest likely mechanisms of action based on the evidence available to date. Lipolytic enzymes are also considered.
Factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of boars
Authors:   Topigs Norsvin Research Center B.V., The Netherlands, Broekhuijse M. L. W. J.
Published: October 2017

Efficient artificial insemination (AI) is essential for future challenges in the pig industry. Core business for AI companies worldwide is diluting semen from high fertile breeding boars, and by that inseminating many sows. Efficient use of AI boars with high genetic merit is important to maximise dissemination of the genetic progress made in the breeding nucleus. An overview of factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of boars is presented. Boar semen is the most important carrier of genetic progress.
Meeting individual nutrient requirements to improve nutrient efficiency and the sustainability of growing pig production systems
Authors:   Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Canada, Pomar Candido , Andretta Ines ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Hauschild Luciano ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Published: October 2017

Precision feeding involves the use of feeding techniques that provide individual animals with diets tailored daily to production objectives (e.g. maximum growth). A method of estimating energy and nutrient requirements by integrating current relevant knowledge on pig metabolism has been developed and incorporated into a mathematical model. This chapter reviews recent research projects which indicate that feeding pigs a diet tailored daily to their individual requirements is essential to maximize nutrient efficiency and ensure the sustainability of the pig industry by reducing the excretion of nutrients and nutrient constituents and lowering feeding costs. This new nutritional approach represents a paradigm shift in pig feeding, because the optimal dietary nutrient level is no longer considered a static population attribute, but rather a dynamic process that evolves independently for each animal. Precision feeding is a highly promising avenue for improving resource use efficiency in comparison with conventional group phase-feeding programmes.
Representações e identidade na cidade na primeira metade do século XX- os subúrbios cariocas
Authors: Cardoso Elizabeth Dezouzart
Published: October 2017

Em trabalho anterior sobre segregação sócio-espacial e a “invenção da Zona Sul” carioca foi demonstrado por Cardoso (2009) como foram criadas representações positivas sobre a chamada Zona Sul carioca, tanto na imprensa de bairro como na grande imprensa e que as representações positivas e a identidade da Zona Sul se faziam pela diferença do chamado Subúrbio. Isso levou a empreender uma pesquisa sobre as representações sobre o Subúrbio, na imprensa de bairro desta área. Como pudemos verificar, as publicações do Subúrbio criaram e veicularam representações tanto positivas quanto negativas sobre a área em foco, cada uma “anulando” a outra.
Nos trilhos de uma urbanidade excludente: produção do espaço em Uberlândia/MG
Authors: Mariano Flávia Gabriella Franco
Published: October 2017

Este artigo busca percorrer os caminhos sob os quais trilharam a formação e o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade de Uberlândia desde os primórdios da elevação à categoria de cidade a antiga vila São Pedro de Uberabinha. Tivemos como objetivo geral analisar a formação e a organização estrutural da cidade identificando discursos e sentidos que permeiam os espaços urbanos e atentando-nos a compreender o teor ideológico e estratégico na formulação da urbanidade. Discutimos como a adequação da forma urbana às mudanças e necessidades econômicas assentaram-se em uma história oficializada por meio de símbolos da ordem, do progresso e da modernização, delineando configurações sociais e espaciais de uma cidade excludente.
Interdisciplinaridade – transdisciplinaridade nos estudos urbanos
Authors: Bresciani Maria Stella Martins
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo propor um debate sobre as possíveis leituras das cidades contemporâneas, em particular, o modo como se estruturam as críticas às gigantescas metrópoles, as megalópoles. A capital paulista foi o ponto de partida que ensejou uma reflexão sobre a persistência de noções do campo conceitual do urbanismo formuladas no decorrer do século XIX e início do século XX. Nos dias atuais merecem a atenção da mídia televisiva e escrita os congestionamentos quilométricos e a violência em várias formas, projetos de revitalização de áreas frente a resistência de moradores e parte dos profissionais da área de arquitetura e urbanismo, a ocupação de áreas de risco e de proteção ambiental. Destaca-se a heterogeneidade dos bairros, a polarização que segrega a população pobre nas zonas das margens do território urbanizado, as denominadas periféricas, e nos enclaves de favelas e cortiços intraurbanos, a fragmentação estilística da arquitetura, a ausência de marcos simbólicos dotados de significado coletivo. Nossa intenção foi acompanhar os caminhos de algumas propostas e execução de intervenções em cidades europeias e nelas surpreender as noções que em sua formação receberam aportes da medicina e da engenharia, mas também dos filantropos, filósofos e até de biólogos, como Patrick Geddes, e expor a rede transdisciplinar que constituiu o campo do urbanismo. E mais, sugerir sua permanência ainda nos dias de hoje.
Reflexões sobre a forma urbana latino-americana. O aporte dos Congressos Pan-americanos de Arquitetos e da Sociedad Interamericana de Planificación, 1920-1976
Authors: Espinoza José Carlos Huapaya
Published: October 2017

Qual o papel dos profissionais latino-americanos na construção e reflexão sobre a forma urbana das cidades latino-americanas? Como de seu esse processo de reflexão? De que forma o conjunto de experiências e estudos elaborados davam conta dos processos e formação da cidade na América Latina? A partir da análise da temática discutida nos Congressos Pan-Americanos de Arquitetos e nos Encontros da Sociedade Interamericana de Arquitetos tentamos mostrar que houve preocupação por parte dos profissionais latino-americanos, de um lado, na busca de uma base teórica “adequada” à realidade latino-americana e, pelo outro, no interesse por entender a problemática urbana, além dos processos de formação e construção das cidades latino-americanas.
As cidades da cidade. Lisboa na primeira metade do séc. XX: nova Lisboa (1936) e Lisboa nova (1948).
Authors: André Paula
Published: October 2017

A realidade urbana actual tem sido tema de investigação e reflexão em monografias e ensaios, plataformas e laboratórios, exposições e seminários, que a partir de uma caracterização do presente ambiente construído e trabalhando numa convergência dos saberes (arquitectura, urbanismo, geografia, economia, história, antropologia, filosofia, sociologia, arte, design…), procuram debater visões prospectivas das quais resulta um vasto reportório conceptual que constrói a história urbana. A partir desta perspectiva transdisciplinar este estudo tem por objectivo demonstrar que as teorias da Science Sociale de Le Play, associadas à Escola Francesa de Urbanismo estiveram presentes na ideologia e no pensamento político de Salazar, com consequências efectivas nas reformas urbanas feitas pelo seu governo, quer na morfologia do território do Plano da Costa do Sol (divulgado em 1936 como nova Lisboa) quer na morfologia e arquitectura do Plano do Bairro de Alvalade (divulgado em 1948 como Lisboa nova), que se apresentaram como novas cidades da cidade e que se constituem como história urbana de Lisboa.
Comprar, vender, comer: o consumo da carne e os circuitos mercantis e sociais em São Paulo; 1852-1927
Authors: Lanna Ana Lucia Duarte
Published: October 2017

A cidade de São Paulo foi, pelo menos desde o século XVIII, importante núcleo urbano, articulador dos processos de interiorização e ocupação do território. A carne sempre integrou a dieta alimentar dos paulistas, de todos os grupos sociais, sendo um tema sensível como atividade econômica ou prática socia.A expansão da cidade não altera o regime alimentar que continuará definido pelo uso cotidiano do feijão, da carne e da farinha. As presenças estrangeiras ampliarão as possibilidades e demandas alimentares, como por exemplo a introdução e generalização do consumo de diversos tipos de pasta e verduras mas, os de fora, incorporarão as tradições alimentares paulistas.Desde inícios do século XIX a municipalidade procurava regrar o comércio de carne na cidade seja pelo controle daquilo que era comerciado seja pelo controle das reses destinadas ao abate e ainda pela construção de matadouros. Estes inseriam-se nas políticas públicas de ordenamento do espaço.Reformas, ampliações e deslocamentos marcam as trajetórias deste equipamento no espaço da cidade. Questões sanitárias e de controle alimentar incidiram sobre os matadouros analisados mas sobre eles sempre incidiram as noções de sujeira, doença e descarte. Melhoramento urbano necessário e indesejável foi sempre relegado para as franjas da cidade.
Urbanização e modernização no Sul de Minas Gerais: o caso do município de Alfenas durante a Primeira República.
Authors: Eugenio Alisson
Published: October 2017

neste texto serão analisadas a urbanização e modernização no município de Alfenas durante a Primeira República, a partir de alguns indicadores clássicos da modernização encontrados nos requerimentos dos seus cidadãos, para mostrar que a sua economia agrária começou a passar por um processo de diversificação de investimentos, em negócios até então inéditos de natureza urbana.
Ribeirão Preto: leituras urbanas de uma história rural
Authors: Garcia Valéria Eugênia , Bortolucci Maria Angela Pereira de Castro e Silva
Published: October 2017

O artigo analisa duas matrizes da historiografia memorialista da cidade de Ribeirão Preto propondo pela mediação desses textos a leitura de pré-condições urbanas em meio à consagrada narrativa da expansão cafeeira. Lastreado em Fernand Braudel, Henri Lefebvre, Bernard Lepetit e Maurice Halbwachs, evoca um olhar pelo avesso dos textos propagandistas de Martinho Prado Júnior e recoloca em outro nível de análise a disputa travada entre Plinio Travassos dos Santos e Osmani Emboaba da Costa pelo reconhecimento e autoridade sobre a historiografia local. A partir do estudo da situação ribeirão-pretana, ousa afirmar que a urbanidade, mais do que um desdobramento, é uma condição existencial das cidades novecentistas do interior paulista.
A cenografia e o espaço-tempo no neorrealismo como indicador da sociedade italiana no pós-guerra: uma breve análise a partir de Roma, Cidade Aberta e Ladrões de Bicicleta
Authors: Sanchez Renata Latuf de Oliveira
Published: October 2017

As relações entre as diversas produções artísticas ao longo dos anos mostram-se relevantes para o entendimento de um contexto histórico e seu retrato político, social, psicológico. Entendemos que a arquitetura é capaz de moldar uma sociedade e, com sedimentos temporais, revelar informações cruciais do espaço habitado, constantemente formado e transformado. O cinema, por sua vez, capta as emoções e o movimento da realidade pelos olhos de um ser sensível, tornando-se precioso documento histórico e objeto estético. Este artigo discute a relação entre Arquitetura e Cinema a partir do neorrealismo italiano e sua representação do espaço urbano na década de 1940, através de uma análise dual entre as obras Roma, Cidade Aberta (1945), de Rosselini, e Ladrões de Bicicleta (1948), de De Sica.
Freguesia de Santana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Territórios e etnia no último quartel do século XIX
Authors: Silva Lucia Helena Pereira da
Published: October 2017

O objetivo do texto é analisar as práticas sociais tecidas pelos negros no Pós Abolição que marcaram a configuração da antiga freguesia de SANTANA, também conhecida como Pequena África ou Cidade Nova. Esta freguesia estendia-se por grande parte da região do porto, pelas cercanias do Morro da Providência e da Praça Onze. Para conhecer aquele território é necessário articular espaço, cultura e etnia.
Caracas a través de sus terremotos. El impacto de los sismos en la evolución urbana de la ciudad, siglos XVII-XIX
Authors: Leal Guzmán Alejandra , Amaya Florinda
Published: October 2017

Santiago de León de Caracas siempre ha sido una ciudad de riesgos. Fundada, en 1567, en un valle fértil pero de topografía abrupta, sometido a la acción sismogénica del sistema de fallas de San Sebastián, Caracas ha padecido a lo largo de cinco siglos de historia más de 700 sismos sentidos y 5 terremotos destructores. A pesar de la importancia que estos eventos han tenido en la configuración de la ciudad, sus efectos específicos sobre su estructura y su evolución urbana, no han sido atendidos formalmente. En tal sentido el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar, a partir de diversas fuentes, cuál ha sido el impacto de los terremotos en la evolución urbana de Caracas, entre los siglos XVII y XIX.
Cidade e Diversidade no Filme "O Congresso Futurista"
Authors: Vieira Marcos Sardá
Published: October 2017

Esta publicação interdisciplinar apresenta uma reflexão entre o gênero, como categoria de análise, e o espaço, enquanto campo de materialização das representações sociais, dos desejos e da condição do corpo. Em contraste ao planejamento regular e ordenado da cidade do século XIX, como efeito das medidas de controle social, problematizamos a possibilidade de um lugar onde as pessoas pudessem expressar suas singularidades publicamente, indo além do gênero e rompendo com a heteronormatividade. Com apoio da teoria queer, apresentamos o exemplo desta livre associação entre gênero e espaço através do filme “O Congresso Futurista”, onde o fluxo das liberdades identitárias, dos desejos e da hibridização do corpo refletem-se na desterritorialização do espaço urbano, definindo o simulacro de um lugar dinâmico e flexível a ser compartilhado.
Apontamentos acerca das relações entre corpo feminino e cidade
Authors: Vieira Denise Sales
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral discorrer, de maneira introdutória, acerca das relações entre corpo feminino e cidade, e busca entender como o estudo dessas relações pode contribuir para o entendimento da vivência feminina das cidades. Com esses apontamentos, busco investigar como se deram as abordagens da oposição mente/corpo, e como essa oposição é determinante na forma como enxergamos o corpo feminino na cidade. Deixo algumas questões passíveis de aprofundamento: Por que estudar a história das mulheres a partir da constituição de seus corpos? Que elementos acerca da história das mulheres, o corpo feminino, visto através das lentes da cidade, pode nos revelar? Há algo de específico acerca da constituição do corpo feminino que tem a ver com sua vivência da cidade?
Movimentar é preciso
Authors: Zechin Patrick Di Almeida Vieira
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a relação entre a mudança em elementos urbanos próprios da configuração urbana e a emergência da cidade da Idade Moderna. Para tanto, utilizaremos a categoria de arquétipo, como alternativa à ideia de tipo, associando-a a um particular modo de exercício de poder na organização dos fluxos de movimento de pessoas e mercadorias. Relacionamos o conceito de arquétipo para a configuração urbana com uma série de profundas mudanças na organização das cidades a partir do início da Idade Moderna como resultado de uma determinada maneira de organizar a cidade corporificando determinadas relações de poder.
Os muros falam: a presença e a ausência da cultura escrita na cidade de Lages/SC
Authors: Cordova Tania , Cunha Maria Teresa Santos
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar as escritas da cidade, em especial as escritas ordinárias, que utilizam o muro como suporte. A presença (ou a ausência) das escritas representadas nos grafites e nas pichações contribui para a construção de sentidos de uma identificação urbana que recria a história a partir da perspectiva da memória e da territorialidade. A problematização das escritas (ou a ausência), respaldada pela abordagem da História Cultural, presentes nos muros que compõem o cenário urbano da cidade de Lages, localizada no interior do Estado de Santa Catarina, permitiram perceber um cotidiano permeado por interfaces de práticas discursivas materializadas pelas linguagens (como ações e representações da sociedade) que produzem, reproduzem e transformam as relações de poder e de pertencimento.
The Development of Video Learning to Deliver a Basic Algorithm Learning
Authors: Fahrurozi Sslamet Kurniawan , Maryono Dwi , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan
Published: October 2017

The world of education is currently entering the era of the media world, where learning activities demand reduction of lecture methods and Should be replaced by the use of many medias. In relation to the function of instructional media, it can be emphasized as follows: as a tool to make learning more effective, accelerate the teaching and learning process and improve the quality of teaching and learning process. This research aimed to develop a learning video programming basic materials algorithm that is appropriate to be applied as a learning resource in class X SMK. This study was also aimed to know the feasibility of learning video media developed. The research method used was research was research and development using development model developed by Alessi and Trollip (2001). The development model was divided into 3 stages namely Planning, Design, and Develpoment. Data collection techniques used interview method, literature method and instrument method. In the next stage, learning video was validated or evaluated by the material experts, media experts and users who are implemented to 30 Learners. The result of the research showed that video learning has been successfully made on basic programming subjects which consist of 8 scane video. Based on the learning video validation result, the percentage of learning video's eligibility is 90.5% from material experts, 95.9% of media experts, and 84% of users or learners. From the testing result that the learning videos that have been developed can be used as learning resources or instructional media programming subjects basic materials algorithm.
Ak-Anonymous Rule Clustering Approach for Data Publishing
Authors: Ohki Motoyuki ,   Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, Inuiguchi Masahiro
Published: October 2017

Classification rules should be open for public inspection to ensure fairness.

These rules can be originally induced from some dataset. If induced classification rules are supported only by a small number of objects in the dataset, publication can lead to identification of objects supporting the rule, given their speciality. Eventually, it is possible to retrieve information about the identified objects. This identifiability is not desirable in terms of data privacy.

In this paper, to avoid such privacy breaches, we propose rule clustering for achievingk-anonymity of all induced rules, i.e., the induced rules are supported by at leastkobjects in the dataset. The proposed approach merges similar rules to satisfyk-anonymity while aiming to maintain the classification accuracy. Two numerical experiments were executed to verify both the accuracy of the classifier with the rules obtained by the proposed method and the ratio of decision classes revealed from leaked information about objects. The experimental results show the usefulness of the proposed method.
Wine Evaluation Modeling Based on Lasso and Support Vector Regression
Authors: Yao Yanyun , Xu Bing , He Jinghui ,   Research Institute of Economic Statistics and Quantitative Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University 18 Xuezheng Road, Xiasha University Town, Hangzhou 310018, China,   Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing University 900 Chengnan Avenue, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, China
Published: October 2017

Wine consumption is gaining popularity, and significant attention has been given to its quality. In the present paper, an objective evaluation model along with a reliability test via Lasso and nonlinear effect test via support vector regression (SVR) is proposed. The digital simulation is finished with the experimental data obtained from the A problem of CUMCM-2012 (China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling in 2012). The results of Lasso regression show that the wine quality mainly depends upon eight physicochemical indicators. Further research results of SVR imply that with several training samples, a good evaluation can be realized, denoting that our model based on Lasso SVR can significantly reduce the costs of measurement and appraisal. Compared to other relevant articles, this paper builds an objective and credible wine evaluation system where the physicochemical indicators and the latent nonlinear effect are considered. Moreover, the evaluation costs are taken into account.
Fuzzification Methods and Prediction Accuracy of Fuzzy Autocorrelation Model
Authors: Yabuuchi Yoshiyuki ,   Faculty of Economics, Shimonoseki City University 2-1-1 Daigaku-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8510, Japan
Published: October 2017

The fuzzy autocorrelation model is a fuzzified autoregressive (AR) model. The aim of the fuzzy autocorrelation model is to describe the possible states of the system with high accuracy. This model uses autocorrelation similar to the Box–Jenkins model. The fuzzy autocorrelation model occasionally increases the vagueness. Although the problem can be mitigated using fuzzy confidence intervals instead of fuzzy time-series data, the unnatural estimations do not improve. Subsequently, an alternate method was used to fuzzify the time-series data and mitigate the unnatural estimation problem. This method also improved the model prediction accuracy. This paper focuses on fuzzification method, and discusses the prediction accuracy of the model and fuzzification of the time-series data. The analysis of the Nikkei stock average shows a high prediction accuracy and manageability of a fuzzy autocorrelation model. In this pape, a quartile is employed as an alternate fuzzification method. The model prediction accuracy and estimation behavior are verified through an analysis. Finally, the proposed method was found to be successful in mitigating the problems.
L1-Norm Least Squares Support Vector Regression via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
Authors: Ye Ya-Fen , Ying Chao , Jiang Yue-Xiang , Li Chun-Na ,   College of Economics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027, China,   Zhijiang College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310024, China,   Rainbow City Primary School Hangzhou 310013, China
Published: October 2017

In this study, we focus on the feature selection problem in regression, and propose a new version of L1support vector regression (L1-SVR), known as L1-norm least squares support vector regression (L1-LSSVR). The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), a method from the augmented Lagrangian family, is used to solve L1-LSSVR. The sparse solution of L1-LSSVR can realize feature selection effectively. Furthermore, L1-LSSVR is decomposed into a sequence of simpler problems by the ADMM algorithm, resulting in faster training speed. The experimental results demonstrate that L1-LSSVR is not only as effective as L1-SVR, LSSVR, and SVR in both feature selection and regression, but also much faster than L1-SVR and SVR.
Analysis of Time-Series Data by Merging Decision Rules
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiyuki , Watada Junzo ,   Shimonoseki City University 2-1-1 Daigaku-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8510, Japan,   Waseda University 2-7 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
Published: October 2017

Rough set theory was proposed by Z. Pawlak in 1982. This theory enables the mining of knowledge granules as decision rules from a database, the web, and other sources. This decision rule set can then be used for data analysis. We can apply the decision rule set to reason, estimate, evaluate, or forecast an unknown object. In this paper, rough set theory is used for the analysis of time-series data. We propose a method to acquire rules from time-series data using regression. The trend of the regression line can be used as a condition attribute. We predict the future slope of the time-series data as decision attributes. We also use merging rules to further analyze the time series data.
Production Competition in Electricity Sector: Social Welfare vs. Managerial Incentives in a Partially Regulated Duopoly
Authors: Kalashnikov Vitaliy , Curiel Daniel Flores , Kalashnikov Vyacheslav V. ,   Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Av. Lázaro Cárdenas 4600 Ote., Fracc. Residencial Las Torres Monterrey, Nuevo León, C.P. 64930, Mexico,   Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Mexico,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI), Moscow, Russia,   Sumy State University (SumDU), Sumy, Ukraine
Published: October 2017

We study production competition between two electricity producers, where one of them is subject to a nationalization decision and the other is a private producer that chooses managerial incentives to counter governmental actions. The government wants to maximize a modified form of social welfare and chooses partial nationalization, which still has a serious impact on the rival private producer. We find, that by offering managerial incentives the private producer recovers its lost profit and induces even less nationalization. We also find that such equilibrium might produce the same level of social welfare than one without incentives.
Housing Market Hedonic Price Study Based on Boosting Regression Tree
Authors: Gu Guangtong , Xu Bing ,   Research Institute of Quantitative Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China,   School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China,   Center for China Farmers’ Development of Zhejiang Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
Published: October 2017

Based on the purchase price data of new real estate markets three cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, including architectural features, neighborhood property features, and location features, in this study a boosting regression tree model was built to study the factors and the influence path of housing prices from the microcosmic perspective. First, a classical hedonic price model was constructed to analyze and compare the significant effect factors on housing prices in the market segments of the three cities. Second, the gradient boosting regression tree method that is proposed in this paper was applied to the three markets in combination to analyze the influence paths and factors and the importance of the type of housing hedonic price. The influence paths of housing hedonic prices and decision tree rules are visualized. The significant housing features are effectively extracted. Finally, we present three main conclusions and several suggestions for policy makers to improve urban functions while stabilizing real estate prices.
Entrepreneurial Marketing and New Venture Performance: The Mediating Effects of Ambidextrous Innovation
Authors: Hu Xiaowen ,   School of Economics and Management, Anhui Normal University Huajin South Road 189, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China, Zhu Lidong , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2017

Entrepreneurial Marketing has a significant effect on new ventures’ performance. However, the findings have been mixed and conflicting. There is still little in-depth exploration of its specific working mechanism based on two distinct literatures streams from ambidextrous innovation and entrepreneurial marketing. We present an integrated framework for analyzing entrepreneurial marketing, ambidextrous innovation and new venture performance (NVP). By conducting an empirical study

on a sample of 883 new ventures (NVs) in Anhui province in China, the study found that: (a) EM is an important driver of NVP and only five dimensions of EM have positively effects on NVP ,including proactiveness, opportunity-focus, innovations, risk-taking and resource leveraging. (b) Both exploration innovation and exploitation innovation advance NVP. (c) The ambidextrous innovation did not affect NVP significantly. (d) Exploration innovation and exploitation innovation partly mediate the relationship between EM and NVP.
Research on Non-Performing Loans Ratio’s Controlling: Evidence from 13 Commercial Banks
Authors: Wang Zhenlei , Qin Song ,   HangZhou DianZi University No.9-319, 2,   Street, Jianggan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China,   Taizhou University, TaiZhou 318000, P.R.China,   Huazhou University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: October 2017

The People’s Bank of China in 2013 released a report revealing that the balance of non-performing loans of Chinese banking financial institutions had rebounded for the first time since 2005. In this situation, establishing early warning models – to recognize the factors that influence non-performing loans, and take effective measures to prevent defaults and control the banks’ credit assets – has become a major new issue. This paper examines the determinants of the non-performing loans (NPL) ratio in the Chinese banking sector from 2005 to 2011 using a panel data model. This model incorporates a new factor called distance to default (DD). The results show that the rates of change of total asset size, commercial loan ratio, and distance to default correlate negatively with NPL. There are positive correlations between capital return ratio, net interest margin, and single-lag NPL with NPL. However, there is no significant correlation between the proportion of shareholders’ equity, or the proportion of total loans, and NPL. In conclusion, this study suggests that regulators should consider and pay more attention to all these banks’ operational indicators to control NPL.
Comparison of International Differences in the Volatility of Economic Growth and Non-Performing Loan Ratio: A Statistical Study Based on the Quantile Regression Model
Authors: Qin Song , Wang Zhenlei ,   Taizhou University Taizhou 318000, China,   Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074, China,   Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 315000, China
Published: October 2017

What is the level of non-performing loans in China’s banking sector and in different countries? Has the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio changed? Is there a difference in the effect of the economic growth of different economies on the rate of non-performing loans in the banking sector? This study analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratios and characteristics of 13 countries from 2005-2014 based on quantile regression models with panel data. The results showed that the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio was positive before the financial crisis in 2008 but was negative after 2008. The non-performing loan ratio in Canada, Mexico, and the US was low before 2008 and high after 2008. The impact of economic growth on the non-performing loan ratio was more significant for countries with a high non-performing loan ratio than for countries with a low non-performing loan ratio.
Event-Triggered Quantizers for Network Traffic Reduction
Authors: Ramirez Juan Rodriguez , Minami Yuki , Sugimoto Kenji ,   Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Published: October 2017

In the operation of networked control systems, signal quantization is a fundamental problem. Because a network can be shared, another important problem that affects the system performance is the network’s traffic congestion. The event-triggered quantizer is developed to reduce the effects of such problems. Its design problem is formulated, and it is solved using the differential evolution (DE) metaheuristic algorithm. The effectiveness of the event-triggered quantizer is verified through numerical examples.
Digital Human Models for Human-Centered Design
Authors: Mochimaru Masaaki ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central #1, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
Published: October 2017

Digital human models represent variations of body shapes for the target end-user population. They can simulate human motions, evaluate workloads, and are utilized to assess safety and usability of products and environments in a virtual space with computer-aided design. The digitalized process can reduce actual test panels, time and cost for human-centered design. Recent trends in research show that the target population of digital human models includes people with special needs. Moreover, digital human models are embedded into interactive tools to support design workshop.
Machine-Code Program Evolution by Genetic Programming Using Asynchronous Reference-Based Evaluation Through Single-Event Upset in On-Board Computer
Authors: Harada Tomohiro , Takadama Keiki ,   College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan,   Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
Published: October 2017

This study proposes a novel genetic programming method using asynchronous reference-based evaluation (called AREGP) to evolve computer programs through single-event upsets (SEUs) in the on-board computer in space missions. AREGP is an extension of Tierra-based asynchronous genetic programming (TAGP), which was proposed in our previous study. It is based on the idea of the biological simulator, Tierra, where digital creatures are evolved through bit inversions in a program. AREGP not only inherits the advantages of TAGP but also overcomes its limitation, i.e., TAGP cannot select good programs for evolution without an appropriate threshold. Specifically, AREGP introduces an archive mechanism to maintain good programs and a reference-based evaluation by using the archive for appropriate threshold selection and removal. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed AREGP, simulation experiments are performed to evolve the assembly language program in the SEU environment. In these experiments, the PIC instruction set, which is carried on many types of spacecraft, is used as the evolved assembly program. The experimental results revealed that AREGP cannot only maintain the correct program through SEU with high occurrence rate, but is also better at reducing the size of programs in comparison with TAGP. Additionally, AREGP can achieve a shorter execution step and smaller size of programs, which cannot be achieved by TAGP.
Traversability-Based RRT*for Planetary Rover Path Planning in Rough Terrain with LIDAR Point Cloud Data
Authors: Takemura Reiya ,   School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, Ishigami Genya
Published: October 2017

Sampling-based search algorithms such as Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (RRT) have been utilized for mobile robot path planning and motion planning in high dimensional continuous spaces. This paper presents a path planning method for a planetary exploration rover in rough terrain. The proposed method exploits the framework of a sampling-based search, the optimal RRT (RRT*) algorithm. The terrain geometry used for planning is composed of point cloud data close to continuous space captured by a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor. During the path planning phase, the proposed RRT*algorithm directly samples a point (node) from the LIDAR point cloud data. The path planner then considers the rough terrain traversability of the rover during the tree expansion process of RRT*. This process improves conventional RRT*in that the generated path is safe and feasible for the rover in rough terrain. In this paper, simulation study on the proposed path planning algorithm in various real terrain data confirms its usefulness.
Hopping Motion Estimation on Soft Soil by Resistive Force Theory
Authors: Sakamoto Kosuke , Otsuki Masatsugu , Kubota Takashi , Morino Yoshiki ,   Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Sinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan,   Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-3-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
Published: October 2017

Various planetary terrains or asteroids, which are hard to traverse with wheeled platforms, are expected to be explored. Bekker’s model cannot be applied to estimate the motions of rovers without wheels, such as the hopping rover (hopper). In this paper, the resistive force theory (RFT) approach is introduced. This approach is not based on Bekker’s model, and is expected to apply to any platform. However, this RFT approach only applies to static or quasi-static motion, such as in the case of slow motions. To apply the RFT approach to dynamic motions, such as hopping, the effect of velocity as a dynamic variable is also studied. Through the hopping experiments, the effectiveness of RFT with the velocity-term approach is investigated and compared to the RFT approach.
Adaptive Learning of Hand Movement in Human Demonstration for Robot Action
Authors: Pham Ngoc Hung ,   Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan, Yoshimi Takashi
Published: October 2017

This paper describes a process for adaptive learning of hand movements in human demonstration for manipulation actions by robots using Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) framework. The process includes 1) tracking hand movement from human demonstration, 2) segmenting hand movement, 3) adaptive learning with DMPs framework. We implement a extended DMPs model with a modified formulation for hand movement data observed from human demonstration including hand 3D position, orientation and fingers distance. We evaluate the generated movements by DMPs model which is reproduced without changes or adapted to change of goal of the movement. The adapted movement data is used to control a robot arm by spatial position and orientation of its end-effector with a parallel gripper.
Nonlinear Regression Modeling of Hydraulic Oil Injury on a Bermudagrass Green
Authors: Berndt William L. , Riger Jonathon W. , Riger Charles W.
Published: October 2017

Hydraulic oil (HO) injures putting greens. Fitting a nonlinear regression model to injury area (IA) with time may help assess injury response to treatment. Modeling was used to determine if washing spills of three HOs with water changes injury dynamics. Effects of HO type and washing on rate of change of IA, time to maximum IA expansion (ME), and IA contraction (healing) times were studied in 2014 at North Fort Myers, FL, on a hybrid bermudagrass green [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burt‐Davy ‘TifEagle’ (PP11163)]. Washing changed injury dynamics for synthetic HO (SHO) but had less effect on vegetable HO (VHO) and petroleum HO (PHO). Washing spills of SHO slowed the initial rate of injury expansion from 7.0 to 5.4 sqrt‐cm2 + 0.1 sqrt‐d−1 (p = 0.0969) and increased the rate of injury contraction from −0.36 to −0.83 sqrt‐cm2 + 0.1 sqrt‐d−1 (p < 0.0001). In unwashed SHO plots, IA decreased from a maximum of 21.7 cm2 at 4.5 d to 12.6 cm2 at 38 d (Δ IA = −42%). In washed SHO plots, IA decreased from 18.5 cm2 at 3.8 d to 2.2 cm2 at 38 d (Δ IA = −88%). Calculated healing time for SHO injury was 224 d (unwashed) vs. 65 d (washed). For VHO and PHO, healing took >400 d washed or not. Curve fitting was a novel approach to assessing HO injury response to treatment and illustrated injury behavior that was previously unknown.
The Effect of Wear and Soil Compaction on Kentucky Bluegrass Sod Rooting and Plant Recovery
Authors: Dest William M. , Ebdon J. Scott
Published: October 2017

Damage areas in sport fields from wear are often sodded before complete rooting. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of traffic (the combined effects of wear and soil compaction) on sod rooting. Poa pratensis L. sod was installed in September 2008 and 2009 on a silt loam and a sand rootzone at the University of Massachusetts‐Amherst. Treatments included a compaction and noncompaction soil and wear and nonwear treatments, which were evaluated under the influence of two soils. Compaction was applied using a plate Vibro‐Tamper prior to sodding and wear was applied with a steel brush. Wear was initiated 4 wk after sod installation in both years and applied six times. Wear injury and recovery was assessed using a 1 to 9 rating scale (9 = no injury), root initiations were measured by counts, and sod rooting strength was determined by lifting force. Wear significantly reduced sod rooting strength compared with nonwear. New root initiations and root biomass were significantly reduced by wear. Soil compaction significantly reduced root biomass below 7.5‐cm soil depth with no effect observed at the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm depth. Wear applied to sod on the silt loam achieved full recovery 45 d earlier in both years than sod grown on the sand rootzone. The effects of traffic on newly placed sod in the repair of damaged areas on athletic fields indicate that wear is the major stress limiting sod rooting, while soil compaction is secondary.
Lignocellulose Degrading Capabilities of Sphaerobolus stellatus in Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Baetsen‐Young A.M. , Kaminski J.E. , Tien M.
Published: October 2017

Thatch collapse, caused by Sphaerobolus stellatus (Tode) Persoon, is a new disease of finely managed turfgrasses. Symptoms include dark‐green, circular patches of turf atop degraded organic matter resulting in an indentation of the playing surface. Within a 6‐wk period, S. stellatus reduces organic matter and thatch depth by 21 and 25%, respectively, but the mechanism of thatch reduction has not been defined. To characterize the underlying biochemical processes of thatch collapse, lignin degradation was assessed, and the activities of associated lignocellulose enzymes within the organic matter of turfgrass thatch were quantified. One isolate of S. stellatus was inoculated on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plugs for 6 wk. Using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis to analyze the fate of lignin from golf course thatch, we found a significant depolymerization of S. stellatus‐colonized lignin. To understand the broader mechanism responsible for organic matter degradation, we used crude enzyme extracts from one S. stellatus isolate from turf and mulch along with one isolate of a Panaeolina spp. at four time points in 3 mo. Extracts were assayed for Mn‐independent and Mn‐dependent peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, and cellulase activity. Elevated levels of laccase were found in the S. stellatus isolate from turf, and both S. stellatus isolates produced levels of Mn‐independent peroxidases. Both S. stellatus isolates and the Panaeolina spp. isolate exhibited xylanase activity. Cellulase was not verifiably detected. The presence of laccase in S. stellatus from turfgrass, Mn‐independent peroxidase in both S. stellatus isolates, and xylanase in all fungal extracts illustrates a mechanism of organic matter reduction in thatch collapse.
Temperature Effects on Formation of Appressoria and Sporulation of Colletotrichum cereale on Two Turfgrass Species
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Kerns James P.
Published: October 2017

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum cereale, can be a devastating disease of annual bluegrass (ABG) and creeping bentgrass putting greens. Intensified putting green management has increased the frequency and severity of the disease worldwide, yet much of the biology of the pathosystem remains unclear. We investigated the effects of temperature on the formation of appressoria by C. cereale on attached and detached leaves of 3‐wk‐old ABG and creeping bentgrass. Leaves were inoculated with a conidial suspension of C. cereale and then incubated in the dark in growth chambers set at temperatures ranging from 12 to 34°C with high relative humidity (>95%). Leaf samples were taken over a 72‐h period and examined for the percentage of conidia that germinated and produced an appressorium. Appressoria were observed at all temperature regimes but developed most rapidly between 22 and 28°C and were significantly hindered at temperatures above 30°C. Appressoria development was delayed on attached leaves compared with detached leaf pieces. Our results suggest that C. cereale can infect ABG and creeping bentgrass well before the onset of symptoms and may warrant application of preventative fungicides earlier than currently recommended.