bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Pollution Control by Stormwater Bioretention Systems
Authors: Qiu Fu Guo , Wang Yu
Published: August 2013

This paper reviewed the development of bioretention systems with a focus on its abilities to control phosphorus in stormwater. Bioretention systems takes full advantage of the matrix-microbes-plant system with simultaneous removal of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, total suspended solids (TSS), heavy metal, and pathogens. But phosphorus removal has been found inconsistent in bioretention systems, which can be observed phosphorus leaching in some systems. The phosphorus forms in stormwater, the distribution and transfer pathways of phosphorus in bioretention system need to be figured out and simulated in order to solve the phosphorus leaching. Some new matrix materials, such as aluminum-based water treatment residual, were also employed to adsorb and trap the phosphorus in stormwater. The latest study progress and further research needs of bioretention systems were summarized.
Environment Pollution and Control Strategy for Exploitation of Asbestos Mine
Authors: Wang Yong Yi , Li Lin
Published: August 2013

To control environment pollution by exploitation of asbestos mine and forming of tailing pond effectively and provide decision-making basis to competent authorities, the paper analyzed the causes for asbestos powder pollution in course of exploitation of asbestos mine and tailing pond of asbestos through field investigation and research. Slow exploitation and grading process of asbestos mine and shortage of management were the root causes for environment pollution by asbestos, and the tailing pond of asbestos resulted in resources waste and pollution of the atmosphere, water and land. The government should regulate in terms policy, industrial planning etc. offer economic support, change the backward exploitation process, perform comprehensive resources utilization and utilize asbestos properly.
Identifying Membrane Foulants in Chemical Cleaning Solutions
Authors: Liu Jun Xia , Dong Bing Zhi , Sheng Yun Ge , Wang Ji Ping
Published: August 2013

The main objective of this study was to investigate foulants in chemical cleaning solutions of membrane (CCSM). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used as chemical agents respectively. Hydrophobicity, molecular weight distribution and metal ions of foulants in CCSM were analyzed as the major characters for membrane fouling. Results reveal that alkali cleaning can remove both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions of natural organic matters (NOM), and acid cleaning mainly removes hydrophilic organic matters. Medium molecular weight of very hydrophobic acids (1-10 kDa) and different molecular weight of neutral hydrophilic acids (100-1000 Da & >300kDa) in NOM can lead to membrane irreversible fouling. Acid cleaning is relatively effective for the reduction of inorganic foulants. The main metal ions in acid cleaning solutions are K ,Ca, Al and Mn, which are responsible for membrane inorganic fouling.
Microwave Preparation of Modified Activated Carbons for Phenol Adsorption in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ondon Brim Stevy , Sun Bing , Yan Zhi Yu , Zhu Xiao Mei , Liu Hui
Published: August 2013

Microwave energy was used to prepare modified activated carbons (GAC, GAC/MW, GAC/Ni, and GAC/Cu). The modified activated carbons were used for phenol adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions were optimized. Adsorption capacities of the different modified activated carbons were evaluated. The effect of microwave pretreatment of activated carbons was investigated. A comparative study on the activated carbons adsorption capacities was also investigated. Under optimal conditions the results showed that there was no obvious effect on activated carbons adsorption when rising temperature and pH during the adsorption process. Stirring has a very high effect on the activated carbons adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbons reaches 95%. MW/GAC, GAC/Ni and GAC/Cu adsorptive capacity was higher compared to the Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) used as received. GAC treated with microwave energy has highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of GAC loaded with ion Ni2+ is higher than the activated carbon loaded with Cu2+. The untreated GAC has the lowest adsorption capacity. These results can be explained by the effect of microwave irradiation on GAC.The activated carbon loaded with Ni2+ adsorbs more microwave energy than the GAC loaded with Cu2+.
PAHs Emission Characteristics and Assessment from the Coal Combustion Process in the Large Capacity Power Plant Boilers
Authors: Yin Xue Feng , Yang Wen Ting , Xue Hui Min
Published: August 2013

Many studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some serious diseases, such as cancer, malformation and mutation. PAHs is thought as a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound to human health. Coal-fired power plant industry plays an important role in the observed PAHs emission process. However, the PAHs emission characteristic and environment impact in coal-fired power plant is still not fully clarified. In this study, the PAHs distribution characteristic of the flue gas and fly ash emitted from electrostatic precipitator in two coal-fired power plant boilers with the steam capacity 1000t/h and 2000t/h have been studied in China based on USEPA method 0023(sampling part). PAHs concentrations and PAHs emission factors were determined. And the correlation between PAHs emission and the steam capacity of the power plant boiler was discussed. In addition, the PAHs removal effects of air pollution control devices were also included. According to the measured PAHs emission data and the report of China statistical year book, the PAHs emission assessment from the coal combustion process in the large capacity co-fired power plant boilers have been done. Though the PAHs emission value in the large capacity power plant were present within recommended emission limits of energy production, the problem of PAHs emission in large capacity coal-fired power plant shouldnt be ignored due to the huge amounts and long-range transport in soil, water and ambient air.
Removal of Organic Pollutant in Sulfonated Drilling Wastewater with Novel Solar-Assisted Catalytic Oxidation Process
Authors: Zhang Xian Bin , Qiu Zheng Song , Huang Da Quan , Ma Cui Xue , Guan En Cui
Published: August 2013

The chemical oxygen demand was over standard seriously due to residual organic additives in sulfonated drilling wastewater, especially sulfonated phenolic resin with hardly degradable chemical structure. The novel solar-assisted catalytic oxidation process was developed to remove the organic pollutants in sulfonated drilling wastewater. The factors including irradiation light source, oxidant, Fe2+, were investigated. The results showed that, solar has more catalytic effects than UV on H2O2-K2S2O8/Fe2+system, H2O2- K2S2O8/Fe2+system was more effective in degrading organic pollutants than H2O2/Fe2+and K2S2O8/Fe2+, in which the synergies occurred between H2O2and K2S2O8in the solar-assisted catalytic oxidation process. The removal amount of organic pollutants was increased with the dosage of Fe2+additon. With the catalytic oxidation process developed, the COD was reduced to 114.4 mg·L-1. Meanwhile, the sulfonated phenolic resin was completely destroyed, and heavy metal was decreased significantly.
Study on Biological Aerated Filter as Enhanced Pretreatment Process of Coagulation and Sedimentation
Authors: Shen Liang , Xiao Han , Yang Wan Qiu , Miao De Ren , Li Xiao Ming
Published: August 2013

Using coagulation and sedimentation process in the advanced treatment of urban secondary effluent which can be recycled to circulating cooling water system in power plant is only perform well on CODCrand turbidity removal. But the concentrations of organic matter and NH3in effluent can not meet the requirements of circulating cooling water. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of biological aerated filter (BAF) as a pretreatment enhancing coagulation and sedimentation process was discussed. Achieved by controlling the two operating modes: (1) secondary effluentcoagulation and sedimentationeffluent; (2) secondary effluent BAFcoagulation and sedimentation effluent.The results show that the BAF pretreatment removes ammonia nitrogen effectively, and the turbidity and CODCrof effluent of BAF-coagulation sedimentation process is much lower than individual coagulation and sedimentation process. The final effluent qualities meet the requirements of circulating cooling water system in power plant.
The Electrochemistry Treatment on Fracturing Sewage of Oilfield
Authors: Li Ru Yin , Tan Guo Rong , Chen Wen Juan , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2013

The treatment of fracturing fluid sewage of oilfield must be accomplished in short time and high efficiency, with no secondary pollution. No proven technique of oilfield could be used for reference. In this work, suitable electrodes are selected for the method of electrochemistry oxidation; the data of experiments has confirmed COD of sewage could be easily decreased.
The Use of TATR (Total Amount of Temperature Rise) Index in Numerical Simulation of Xiangshan Bay's Temperature Rise
Authors: Fei Yue Jun , Chen Bing Rui , Zhao Jiang Yan
Published: August 2013

It is a key problem that when the temperature rise in seawater reaches balance under plants' thermal discharge. In the process of numerical simulation of Xiangshan Bay's temperature rise from plants' thermal discharge, TATR (Total Amount of Temperature Rise) was introduced as an index to help find the balance time. TATR shows its advantages of stability and reliability when compared with other indices such as volume. With TATR, it was found that the temperature rise reaches balance after 80 days' thermal discharge in winter while it takes 70 days in summer. Under thermal discharge of two plants, TATR at balance time is 1.77 (109m3°C) in winter and 2.82 in summer. Under discharge of only Guohua Plant, it is 0.60 in winter and 1.56 in summer. Under discharge of only Wushashan Plant, it is 1.16 and 1.37 respectively. Based on the correct balance time, the temperature rise in nearby waters due to two major plants' thermal discharge was calculated, which provided useful data for researches such as water-environmental value loss.
Study on Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Heidaigou Opencast Coal Mine
Authors: Jiao Ze Zhen , Wang Jin Man , Yang Rui Xuan , Li Xin Feng
Published: August 2013

The carbon sequestration of Heidaigou opencast mining area was calculated by using carbon density method based on remote sensing technology, combined field surveys and data measured indoor. Soil bulk density, soil organic matter and other soil properties of the 63 soil samples in the Heidaigou mining area were measured. The results indicated the following conclusions. (1) The carbon sequestration of Heidaigou opencast coal mine area was 4,651,623.30 t in 2010. (2) There was a positive correlation between soil carbon density and the age of land reclamation. (3)After reclamation the carbon sequestration of Heidaigou opencast coal mine increased by 239,748.61 t. So the potential for carbon sequestration is great in this area. The results indicate that the mining area land reclamation can improve soil carbon acquisition capability and maintain the ecological balance of carbon cycle.
Investigation on Eutrophication Level for Gucheng Lake by the Model of Butterfly Catastrophe
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhou Yi Yi , Ji Feng Qiang
Published: August 2013

Based on the field measured results in the typical periods of flood season and dry season of Gucheng Lake, the present eutrophication levels of the lake were investigated by the Model of Butterfly Catastrophe, in which series of the environmental factors were considered including the ecological indicator of chlorophylla, the nutrient indicator of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the physical index of water transparency. The results showed that: the water eutrophication levels of Gucheng Lake were mal-distributed in space and time; the lake eutrophication tendency in flood seasons were more obvious than that in dry seasons; the eutrophication levels in the south part of the lake were relatively lower than that in the north and the average comprehensive mutation of fuzzy membership value in the south was about 0.3006 in the dry seasons. Due to the increased pollution load and the hydrodynamic conditions, the eutrophication degree in the estuary areas were higher and the fuzzy membership value was close to 0.235, achieving the medium eutrophication level.
Adsorption of Strontium from Aqueous Solution Using Collagen Fiber Immobilized Tannins
Authors: Zhou Han , Luo Xue Gang , Lin Xiao Yan
Published: August 2013

The removal of strontium from aqueous solution with collagen fiber immobilized tannins was studied. The effects of several experimental parameters such as pH, dosage, temperature, contact time and initial concentration of strontium on removal efficiency of strontium were investigated to determine the optimum conditions of strontium sorption process. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM and FTIR analysis. The results of regression analysis indicated that temperature parameters were not individually statistically significant for Sr2+ adsorption. However, the efficiency of strontium adsorption increased with the increase in pH and dosage. The adsorption capacity was increased with increasing initial concentration of Sr2+. The removal efficiency of Sr2+ was 49% at optimum pH of 6 and initial concentration of 20mg/L. Moreover, the absorption data were fitted well to the Langmuir sorption isotherm model.
Characterization of Stainless Steel and Wire Rope Pickling Sludge
Authors: Fang Bin Bin , Chu Zhen , Yang Yang , Sun Xiu Yun , Huang Wen Ping , Li Xing Fu , Wang Lian Jun
Published: August 2013

With the development of Chinese industry, stainless steel and wire rope pickling sludge pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. Pickling sludge contains a large number of residual acid and heavy metals, and it is hazardous waste which would pose potential environmental problems and threaten people's health if being deposited outdoors or landfill simply. In view of Jiangsu Province present situation of pickling sludge, the paper analyzes the physical properties and the elements content of sludge from 9 enterprises. Pickling sludge pH is basically alkaline and range 7 to 9, moisture content is basically about 50% to 60%. ICP-AES has been applied to identify the content of metals. The range of Fe content is from 13.23% to 35.56% and the range of Ca content is from 1.04% to 29.93%, which shows that pickling sludge is appropriated for resource utilization. Ni and Cr are mainly contained in pickling sludge of stainless steel, the content are 1.79%~3.2% and 2.22%~3.15%, while Pb and Zn are mainly contained in pickling sludge of wire rope, the content are 0.0034%~0.53% and 3.14%~10.18%. The Elemental Analyzer has been applied to determine the content of F, Cl, N, S and P in picking sludge. The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for making the huge amounts of the sludge harmless and how to utilize the treated sludge.
Current Trends for Biological Antibiotic Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Guo Wan Qian , Yin Ren Li , Zhou Xian Jiao
Published: August 2013

The release of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater has caused a serious environmental problem. In order to provide a better guideline for the antibiotic wastewater treatment, this paper summarizes a critical review on the current biological technologies available for antibiotic wastewater degradation, including aerobic processes, anaerobic processes, anaerobic-aerobic processes, and other combined processes. Furthermore, applications of the antibiotic wastewater biological treatment processes are discussed as well.
Performance of a Pilot-Scale Hydrolysis Acidification and Improved UASB Process for the Treatment of Alcohol Wastewater: Sludge Granulation and Treatment Efficiency
Authors: Yu Lu Ji , Wang Hui Ying , Song Hong Jie , Kong De Fang , Chen Tao
Published: August 2013

A system termed hydrolysis acidification-improved upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HA-IUASB) was developed for alcohol wastewater treatment. The improvements of the UASB were that: a reflux pipe was set below the three-phase separator, and the mud mixture treated by the granular sludge bed returned into the water inlet.The improved UASB starts up completely after 61 days operation and the COD removal rate is between 70~96% during startup stage. The mature granule size reachs 3 mm and the methanogenic bacteria inside are mainly bacillus and cocci through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation. The treatment efficiency of the improved UASB is high and COD removal rate is 55%~80%. COD removal rate reachs 70%~87% by HA-UASB system under the condition of high concentration alcohol wastewater. CH4 is the main constituent and the percentage is 81.61% according to the gas composition analysis. This study proves that HA-IUASB is a feasible and practical means to treat alcohol wastewater.
Study on Demulsification-Fenton to Deal with High Concentrations of Waster Emulsion
Authors: Dong Hai Shan , Liu Jing Jing , Yan Peng , Yang Rong
Published: August 2013

This topic used the method of demulsification-Fenton oxidation to deal with the waste emulsion, and analyzed the influencing factors of COD removal efficiency . Experimental results show that when the dosage of demulsifier is 10g/L ,optimum aeration for 1h , dosage of Fe2+ is 500mg/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 50ml/L, After Fenton reagent has oxided for 1.5 h, the COD removal rate can up to 93.4%.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Modified Bentonite
Authors: Li Li Xia , Zhai Xin Dong
Published: August 2013

Modified bentonite was used as adsorbent for the methylene blue adsorption in a batch process. Experimental results show that the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data was better represented by the Freundlich isotherm model. The results revealed that the modified bentonite has the potential to be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
Trace Elements Geochemistry of Soil-Plant System in Puxiong Lead-Zinc Mining Area, Yunnan, China
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Zheng Hai
Published: August 2013

This study aims to obtain an overview of trace elements concentrations in rocks, soils and plants from Puxiong lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, China, and analyze the connection as well. Concentrations of Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Sn, Ni and Sr among soils, rocks and three dominant plants in mining area, transition area and background were measured. Ratio parameter, bioconcentration factors (BF) and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between these elements in different feature. The results indicate that rocks, soils and plants samples are all characterized by high concentrations of Pb, Zn and other associated elements in Puxiong lead-zinc mining area. Geochemistry of trace elements concentrations from rocks to soils, then to plants presents obvious characters of inheritance and variability. Whats more, three dominant plants are same in high concentration of Mn and low concentration of Cd, Hg, Co, but are huge different in bio-concentration factors.
Isolation and Characterization of a Strain of Pseudomonas stutzeri for Coal Biodesulfurization
Authors: Yang Yu , Ren Gai Mei , Liu Chu You , Yang Luo
Published: August 2013

A strain ofPseudomonas stutzerinamed LH42 was isolated from the petroleum-contaminated soil collected from Liaohe Oil Field, Liaoning, China. The strain was capable of degrading dibenzothiophene (DBT). The bacterium was motile, rod-shaped, and grew optimally at 30°C and initial pH of 7.0. The morphological, physiological characterizations and analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence indicated that this strain was most closely related toPseudomonas stutzeri(>99% similarity in gene sequence). Coal biodesulfurization of this strain was processed. And a total sulfur removal of 41.5% and organic sulfur removal of 92.9% was obtained within 25 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the strain was closely attached on the coal surface and the coal was markedly etched.
Evaluation of Substances Released from Hydrothermal Pretreated Municipal Sludge and Performance of Hydrogen Production by the Corresponding Supernatant
Authors: Yu Li , Sun Cheng Lin , Yu Yong Hui , Jiang Wen Tian
Published: August 2013

Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design was adopted to investigate the optimum condition for carbohydrate released from hydrothermal pretreated sludge in an autoclave used for WAO (wet air oxidation). Temperature, time and stirring rate were chosen as variables. The maximum carbohydrate release (1356.8 mg/L) was estimated at the temperature of 161.2 °C, the time of 48 min and the stirring rate of 661 r/min. This statistical method could precisely optimize reaction conditions and predict the experimental data. Only 11.2 mL methane was generated with little hydrogen production of raw sludge. In contrast, hydrogen production potential of 25 mL was reached by using supernatant as substrate with a COD removal of 78.14%. Hydrogen yield was increased from 0.13 mL/g-VS (raw sludge) to 13.16 mL/g-VS (supernatant of pretreated sludge).
Extending Tertiary Treated Municipal Wastewater as Boiler Feed-Water via a Dual Membrane CUF/RO Process
Authors: Wang Hai Xia , Ji Peng
Published: August 2013

The objective of this work is to conduct feasibility studies on water treatment for boiler feeding water use from treated municipal wastewater effluent using a pilot dual continuous ultrafiltration - reverse osmosis (CUF/RO) membrane process with the capacity of 15m3/h. A CUF membrane from HYDRAcap and LFC3-LD RO membrane were used in this study. The CUF unit and RO unit were operated at over 97% and 75-80% water recovery, respectively. The results indicate that CUF process is not only capable of reducing organic and nutrient pollutants but also achieves a silt density index (SDI) less than 2, turbidity of less than 0.47NTU which is suitable for RO treatment. Rejection of the RO unit in terms of average conductivity, COD, hardness, alkaline, NH4+-N, TN, TP were higher than 98.2%, 97.9%, 99.8%, 97.9%, 93.9%, 95.1% and 75%, respectively. Other parameters also can match the quality of high-grade water for use in the boiler industry except pH. Finally, a cost comparison between dual membrane and ion-exchange process showed annual savings of more than 33000000 CNY can be possible.
Rapidly Start-Up and Performance of the EGSB Reactor Treating Actual Coking Wastewater when Seeded with Digestion Sludge
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Pan Qing Ye , Lu Hong Yu , Sun Ya Quan
Published: August 2013

To accomplish rapidly the granulation process of digestion sludge for the treatment of actual coking wastewater and meanwhile achieve high COD, phenol, SCN- and CN- removal, the EGSB reactor was employed with two operation stages. StageI: Granular sludge was formed from digestion sludge using brewery wastewater as substrate in the anaerobic way (meanwhile adding little granules, which were 1/7 of the total biomass). StageII: Granular sludge was acclimatized with the actual coking wastewater through continuous micro-oxygenation way. The experimental results showed that the granular sludge could quickly form in 10d in the EGSB reactor seeded with digestion sludge and little loose granules. It took only about 6 months for the successful micro-aerobic acclimating of the granular sludge by the actual coking wastewater. The removal efficiencies of COD, phenol, SCN- and CN- were 72.9, 99.5, 95.7 and 97.5%, respectively, at 12.1h hydraulic retention time (HRT) and for 631-922, 12.8-37.7, 66.7-232.7 and 0.3-57.8mg.L-1 influent COD, phenol, SCN- and CN- concentration.
A Discussion on the Priority Areas for MSW Classification Recycling
Authors: Xu Lian Feng , Wu Yong Chun
Published: August 2013

The problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been a serious threat to the health of residents and the ecological environment of city. Waste classification can maximize waste resource utilization, reduce the amount of garbage disposal, improve the quality of the living environment, and is the fundamental solution to the problem of "garbage siege" phenomenon. However, over the years, our country MSW classification recycling work remains stagnant. It is proposed that the classification recycling of MSW in China can choose the clearest, simplest and most harmful areas, start from the household appliances, electronic waste, vegetable waste, packaging and kitchen waste recycling, to recycle social resources effectively and realize the sustainable development of city.
Effect of Red Mud Content on the Property of Sintered Brick
Authors: Lv Chang Sheng , Wang Jia Wei , Zhao Ping Yuan , Jia Yong Zhen
Published: August 2013

The sintered brick was prepared with combining red mud and sale, as well as the sintered activation materials that were some industrial wastes. The effects of red mud content on property of sintered red mud-shale brick would be researched in this paper. The results showed when the ratio of red mud : sale : the sintered activation materials was 50:35:15, the sintered brick could meet the requirements of grade-A according to GB5101-2003, and the compressive strength reach MU25. The XRD showed that the main ingredient had been transformed into stabilized gehlenite, wollastonite and nepheline, as well as more glass phase and remained quartz.
Study on Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste and Fee Rates of Nanchong City by Pls Regression
Authors: Li Tie Song , Li Cheng Ming
Published: August 2013

Nanchong city has a history of more than 2200 years. Nanchong city has a population of 795000 people in 2010, and the city Gas utilization rate is 96.03% .city sanitation department of life garbage disposal way as the focus on sanitary landfill. This document explains and demonstrates how to predict city solid waste, based on solid waste amount , from 2011 to 2015 , per month fee rates are 11.75 to 16.71 yuan/family by polluters pay principle (PPP).
The Thermodynamics Analysis of Sintered Brick with Red Mud
Authors: Wang Jia Wei , Lv Chang Sheng , Zhao Ping Yuan , Jia Yong Zhen
Published: August 2013

The resource utilization of red mud had become a hot topic. The sintered red mud brick was researched by many people because the large quantity of red mud would be used and the treatment cost was very low. Combining with the research literatures in recent years, thermodynamic datum of chemical reactions at high temperature were calculated, which provide reference for the feasibility of sintering red mud brick, And it was found that increasing sintering temperature could reduce efflorescence.
Determination of Vinyl Chloride Monomer in Wastewater Using Purge and Trap Gas-Chromatograph Method
Authors: Sun Hui Fang , Shang Hai Rong
Published: August 2013

The analytical conditions of a purge and trap (PT) instrument have been optimized for determination of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in wastewater. The optimal purging pressure to purge VCM from wastewater was 10 kPa for a constant time of 10 minute at 30 °C purging temperature. The detection limit of VCM in wastewater is 0.5 μg/L. The reproducibility of replicate samples lies within 6.5%. The prominent feature of this method is the cheap cost of VCM standards and samples preparation. The fast and convenient system has been successfully employed for the determination of VCM in wastewater with good resolution and high recoveries.
Fluorine Vaporization and Leaching from Mg Slag Treated at High Temperature
Authors: Han Feng Lan , Wu La Ner , Yang Qi Xing , Du Chun
Published: August 2013

Pidgeon process is used by more than 300 plants in China to produce magnesium (Mg) metal. Fluorite, ranging 2-3%, is often mixed in raw materials to catalyze the Mg production. The Mg slag from the production then contains F of several mass percent. When the Mg slag is used in construction or treated for recycling, possible F pollutions are of concerns. The present study used slag samples containing F of 0.98-2.15% from an Mg factory in northwest China. Both treatments at 1000-1400°C and leaching tests before and after the treatments were conducted for the slag samples. The study results show influences of the treatments on mineral compositions of the samples, which controlled F contents in both the slag samples and leachates. The results are reported and discussed. Some suggestions are also presented to minimize fluorine pollutions and to improve environmental performances of the Pidgeon process.
Investigation on the Optimization of the Synthesis Processes of Morpholine from Residual Liquid of Morpholine Industry
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiao Peng
Published: August 2013

Aimed to reduce the impact on the environment about waste liquor of morpholine industry,and to increase the profit of it, in this paper, morpholine synthesis from industrial morpholine residual is discussed and optimized, by the method of pressurized hydrolysis reaction. The kinds and volume of catalyst and system temperature-pressure and other reaction conditions are analyzed and optimized to obtain the best yield rate of morpholine. Experiments suggest that pressurized hydrolysis reaction, using sodium hydroxide as catalyst, could be an efficient method to synthesize morpholine from industrial morpholine residual.
Review of Excess Sludge Disintegration Research
Authors: You Mei Yan , Chai Tian Yu , Pan Yuan , Zhu Yao Nan , Cao Yun Heng , Li Xian Jin , Xie Yuan Hua , Han Jin , Zhu Tong
Published: August 2013

The resources of excess sludge exist in zoogloea and bacteria cells.Excess sludge disintegration technique enables the full release of the organic matter in sludge, so that nutrients, energy and other resources in sludge can be fully recycled, meanwhile, the reduction of sludge solids matter can be achieved.Excess sludge disintegration is necessary preprocessing to achieve the harmlessness, reduction and recycle goal of sludge disposal. This article describes the physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and the combined sludge disintegration method, as well as the principle, characteristics, research progress, and the main research results of various sludge disintegration method.
The Photocatalytic Oxidation Properties of La3+-Doped and Ce4+-Doped ZnO-TiO2 in Treating Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Authors: Zhu Lei , Xiao Yang Fan , Wang Xun
Published: August 2013

This experiment aims to prepare the Zn2 +-doped TiO2 composite semiconductor materials by the sol-gel method and to characterize their crystal structures by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (SEM) scanning. The degradation target in this experiment is the pharmaceutical wastewater of a certain Chinese patent medicine, whose COD is as high as 300,000 mg/L and chroma is above 500 degrees. When the doping ratio of ZnO is 8%, the pharmaceutical wastewaters COD and chroma removal rates for 2hs degradation respectively reach 72.5% and 33.8%. The doping of Ce4+ or La3+ can improve the catalytic activity of ZnO-TiO2. The cerium doped in can improve ZnO-TiO2s catalytic property within 7%, and when the doping ratio of lanthanum is 0.4%, the chroma removal rate of the pharmaceutical wastewater reaches 65%, 31.2% more than that of the pure ZnO-TiO2.
Treatment of Oil and Drilling Wastewater
Authors: Dong Jin Tao , Sun Yi De , Dong Jin Yu
Published: August 2013

A large amount of mineral, macromolecular organics and macromolecular additives exist in drilling wastewater, and form a complicated stable multilevel wastewater system. Biological process is the most efficient way of removing organic matter from drilling waste waters. These 1iving systems rely on mixed microbial cultures to decompose, and to remove colloidal and dissolved organic substances from solution. The most important factors affecting biological growth are temperature, availability of nutrients, oxygen supply, pH, presence of toxins and, sunlight. Drilling waste waters commonly contain sufficient concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace nutrients to support the growth of a microbial culture. Theoretically, a BOD to nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 100/5/1 is adequate.
Volumetric Assessment of Leachate from Solid Waste Using 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Imaging
Authors: Abdulrahman Abdullahi , Nawawi Mohd Nordin Mohd , Saad Rosli , Adiat Kola Abdul Nafiu
Published: August 2013

This paper presents an approach to estimate volume of leachate from municipal solid waste using 2D and 3D electrical resistivity imaging. This process is a deviation from Water Balance Method (WBM) that is commonly used for leachate quantification at landfill sites. While the WBM emphasis is on generating rate, this geophysical approach estimates the in-situ total quantity of leachate. Five 100m profiles were used to generate five 2D inverted pseudo-sections and a 3D inverted section using RES2DINV and RES3DINV programs respectively. The resistivity of inverted pseudo-sections clearly delineated the contaminant leachate plume (ρ < 5 Ωm), which facilitated its volume estimation. The effective porosity values of clay (0.15) and sand/gravel (0.28) deduced from lithology logs were used in calculating the imaged volume of the leachate. To confirm the measured resistivity variation in the saturated subsurface around the dumpsite, in-situ electrical conductivity values of 1782 μS/cm and 4521 μS/cm were determined for uncontaminated and contaminated zones respectively. A total leachate volume of 2.21 x 103 was estimated for the 1600 survey area.
Experimental Study on GAC-Sand Filter for Advanced Treatment in Drinking Water
Authors: Tan Wan Chun , Wang Tao , Wang Yun Bo , Sun Shi Quan , Yu Chen Xue
Published: August 2013

A granular activated carbon sand dual media filter (GSF) was investigated as an advanced water treatment process of waterworks through the pilot test. The results show that the GSFs can remove organic matter in the water effectively instead of the sand filters. During the filtration,the effectiveness of CODMn elimination was effective, the average removal rate reached 48.2%. The average pH of the filtered water had dropped from 7.26 to 8.35, indicating that the alkaline environment is necessary for nitrifying bacteria to remain active. The ability of water treatment and quality could be raised and improve the chemical safety of the filtered water.
Development and Application of Urban Water Supplying Network System Based on GIS
Authors: Wu Zheng Zhong , Liu Jun Ping , Jin Jing
Published: August 2013

The system of urban water supplying network which is very indicate and large-scale has complex spatial information and attributes, so the traditional method to manage the water supplying network is difficult to meet the actual needs of the network. Taking a urban water supplying network as an example, making full use of its powerful function of inquiring the data, analyzing and processing the spatial data, demonstrating interactively the data and graph of the geographic information system (GIS), the information management system of water supplying network based on ArcGIS is set up to achieve the goals of browsing the spatial data quickly, drawing the thematic map for the feedwater nodes, water supplying pipelines and other facilites. So it can improve the efficiency and quality of water supplying network management, and provide the scientific basis and technical support for the operation and maintenance of water supplying network and other daily management.
Entropy Coefficient Assessment of Mulch Drip Irrigation Scheme in Tobacco Fields
Authors: Wang Xue , Yan Yu Min
Published: August 2013

In order to find the optimum mulch drip irrigation scheme in tobacco fields of southern China plain, the flue-cured tobaccos were treated with different water and nitrogen levels, the yield, WPc, and the economic benefits (EIRR, ENPV, EBCR) were calculated, then the PCA model and the entropy weight coefficient method were introduced in order to select the preferable pattern of mulch drip irrigation. Results showed that: the application of mulch drip irrigation obtained the predicted effects, which improved the yield of flue-cured tobaccos and achieved satisfactory economic benefits; the entropy weight method was appropriate for the comprehensive evaluation of the mulch drip irrigation scheme in tobacco fields of southern China, which could combine the objective weight with the subjective weight, reducing the arbitrariness of using only objective weight or only the subjective weight; the optimum mulch drip irrigation treatment was T5, with the entropy weight value of 0.921; followed by T9; T2 was the poorest. Therefore, drip irrigation with 12mm, 16mm, and 12mm each time during root-extending stage, vigorous stage and maturity stage, and N fertilizer amount with 83.3kg/hm2could be applied as the water-nitrogen scheme, serving for the production of tobaccos with good quality and high yield under mulch drip irrigation construction in southern China plain.
Effect of Non-Ionic Surfactant and Oxygen-Vector on the Production of β-Carotene and Biomass from Blakeslea trispora
Authors: Hu Wei Lian , Dai De Hui
Published: August 2013

Non-ionic surfactant and oxygen-vectors may influence the growth of Blakeslea trispora and its primary product β-carotene. Compared with other non-ionic surfactants, Triton X-100 at 0.1% yielded the highest biomass production at 52.5 g/L and increased the production of β-carotene from 793.5 mg/L in the control to 923.5 mg/L. The β-carotene production and the yield of biomass were increased when oxygen-vectors were added to the medium. With 1% n-dodecane added on the 0 day, the biomass and β-carotene production was 17.2% and 10.0% higher than that of the control. The highest β-carotene and biomass production were obtained when 0.1% Triton X-100 and 1% n-dodecane were added together on the 0 day of fermentation.
A Cleaner Production Evaluation Indicator System Available for Chinese Fish Processing Industry
Authors: Li Jin Hua , Zhang Yun , Yu Jin Qiao , Shao Shuai , Zhang Shu Shen
Published: August 2013

Considering the whole life cycle of fish processing industry, a complex cleaner production (CP) evaluation indicator system is established by applying the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), including a target layer, a criteria layer with 7 indexes and an indicator layer with 26 indexes. The system contains both quantitative and qualitative indicators, which can help enterprises to evaluate their CP level and find CP potential for improving the environmental performance.
The Application of Clean Development Mechanism as a Driver for Renewable Energy Projects in Malaysia
Authors: Yusoff Sumiani , Loh T.S.
Published: August 2013

The issue of climate change has long been attributed to the extensive amount of carbon emission through the utilization of fossil fuel as our primary energy source. As this source reaches depletion, the search for alternative and renewable energy options has received much attention on a global scale. The two-pronged approach of renewable energy projects reducing global greenhouse gas emissions through substitution of fossil fuels and prolonging the lifespan of non-renewable energyis deemed as the key to our endeavour for sustainable development. The Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol can act as a tool to provide the financial and technological thrust necessary for effective implementation of renewable energy projects in developing nations. Malaysia, in all its potential, currently utilizes less than 1% of its potential renewable energy capacity despite its recent political and economical advancements in this respect. This paper will assess the untapped potential of renewable energy and status of the CDM in Malaysia, and discuss how the CDM can act as a driver for renewable energy projects in developing nations including Malaysia.
Based on Index Difference of River Water Quality Model and Application in Dianchi Lake Basin
Authors: Xie Ying Gang , Jiang Dian , Kuang Jiao Li
Published: August 2013

Based on the river advection and diffusion process, the application of mass balance principle, a suitable diffusion model in Dianchi Lake Basin rivers burst water pollution emergency treatment. River water quality model based on the exponential difference solving simulated the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants in the sudden water pollution accidents. This paper quantitatively simulated time and concentration values at the different locations of the river downstream of the pollutants reach Finally, GIS technology to achieve the simulation results of the real-time dynamic visualization.
Application of Non-Adhesive Pre-Stressed Anchor Cables in the Treatment of the Crack of Dam
Authors: Chen Fang Fang , Wu Yong Xin
Published: August 2013

Mass concrete ,such as dam concrete will appear vertical and horizon cracks due to various reasons. and these cracks will threat the safe operation and limit the economic benefits of the dam. pre-stressed anchor cables have been widely used as a main reinforcement method. the paper focuses on the cable construction technique and describes its effective reinforcement capabilities combined with the reinforcement of Panjiakou dam.The horizontal crack of Panjiakou concrete gravity dam is an activity crack, which varies with season and temperature change. Results of many years of test and research showed that the application of "combining caulking with draining and pre-stressed Anchorage" in the treatment of the crack was effective.At present, reinforcement construction has been completed, and the project operates well.
Effects of Copper on Organisms: A Review
Authors: Wang Zhong Yang , He Na , Wang Yao Jing , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2013

Copper (Cu), a redox active metal, is an essential nutrient for all species studied to date. But excessive amounts of copper in the body or plant can also pose a risk. To better understand the toxicity of Cu to organisms it is necessary to understand the mechanism by which Cu influences biological and chemical processes in the environment. This paper summarizes the properties of physical and chemical of copper, the sources of organisms exposed to copper and the influence of different concentrations of copper on animal and plant, and also summarizes the relevant research progress.
Evaluation of TRMM Summer Precipitation over Huai-River Basin in China
Authors: Zhang Man , Chen Sheng , Qi You Cun , Yang Yi
Published: August 2013

In this study, the biases and uncertainty of TRMM 3B42 estimates are investigated over the Huai-River Basin during the summer season in 2010. TRMM products of 3B42RT, 3B42V6 and 3B42V7 are cross-compared to Chinese Precipitation Analyses Products (CPAP) as the reference. It is found that the distribution of bias is closely depend on the terrain with the dry bias locates at hills/mountains and wet bias lies on the plains area. It is concluded that the bias may be caused by the defect of TRMM algorithm which cannot discern different types of precipitation. 3B42V7 product shows the best improvement in reducing both wet and dry bias; it also appears small uncertainty on summer season precipitation estimate.
Influence of the Scheduling of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Hydrodynamic Field in Xiangxi River
Authors: Bie Yu Jing , Jiang Ding Guo , Tang Meng Jun , Kong Feng Qin , Wang Yu
Published: August 2013

The characteristics of water temperature and hydrodynamic field in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir are studied by numerical simulation method. The result shows that the lifting of water level wakened the density current intensity and the vertical mixing of water, and increased the temperature difference between the surface and bottom water. Simultaneously, the dropping of water level enhanced the density current intensity and the vertical mixing of water, and decreased the temperature difference between the surface and bottom water. The numerical modeling is a valid tool in the prediction of the hydrodynamic field in estuary, as a valuable tool in understanding the development and progression of density currents and the influence of scheduling on the hydrodynamic characteristics in the Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, therefore, this work could provide helpful supports for nutrient transportation and ecological environmental evaluation.
Quantifying Irrigation Impact on Water Cycle Based on Improved SWAT Model in Paddy District
Authors: Shi Yu Zhi , Fan Ming Yuan , Liu Hai Jiao , Huang Ji Wen
Published: August 2013

Agricultural irrigation water utilization has a great influence on the natural water cycle process, especially in paddy irrigation district. In this study, an improved SWAT model is proposed to quantify the irrigation impact on water cycle in paddy fields with indexes of irrigation water demand and the irrigation return flow coefficient. The proposed SWAT model extracts irrigation water from a multi-water source module and applies water mass balance model to calculate flow process in paddy field, meanwhile a new algorithm of automatic irrigation application is also implemented due to the lack of long term observed irrigation data. Changge Irrigation District in Numin River Basin, China is selected as study case to simulate irrigation hydrologic water cycle. The result shows that the proposed SWAT has higher precision during calibration and validation periods, the developed model has been improved as compared to the original model.
Enantioselective Degradation of Tebuconazole in Wheat and Soil under Open Field Conditions
Authors: Ye Xiao Lan , Peng An Guo , Qiu Jing , Chai Ting Ting , Zhao Hua Lin , Ge Xing Hua
Published: August 2013

This study assesses enantioselectivity on the degradation of tebuconazole in wheat grain, straw, and soil in Beijing and Zhejiang under open field conditions. After agricultural application, the analytes were extracted from soil and grain with acetonitrile, and from straw with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid through ultrasonic extraction. The extracts were cleaned by dispersive-solid phase extraction, and determined by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a Lux amylose-2 column. The results of field trials indicated that the degradation of tebuconazole enantiomers followed first-order kinetics in straw and soil at the two sites. Their half-lives in straw ranged from 3.88 to 4.93 days, which were shorter than those in soil ranging from 40.76 to 43.86 days. The (-)-tebuconazole showed faster degradation in straw from Beijing and Zhejiang. In Zhejiang soil, preferential degradation of (+)-tebuconazole was observed, whereas (-)-tebuconazole was preferential in Beijing soil. The terminal residues of (-)-tebuconazole in most grains were higher than those of its antipode, indicating significant enantioselective residues.
Bacterial Diversity in the High Arsenic Groundwater Systems of Jianghan Plain and Datong Basin by 16S rDNA Clone Library
Authors: Luo Yan , Xie Zuo Ming , Zhou Yi Fang , Wang Yan Xin
Published: August 2013

To compare the difference bacterial diversity between Jianghan plain and Datong basin. The high arsenic sediment samples in this study were collected from different depths of borehole. The bacterial diversity in high arsenic aquifer sediments was studied by 16S rDNA clone library. The dominant bacterial community included Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, and Enterobacteriales in Jianghan plain, and Burkholderiales,Enterobacteriales and Actinomycetales in Datong basin.