bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psyché et la disparition d’Éros
Authors: Allouch Éliane
Published: April 2019

Le moment de la disparition d’Éros suite à la transgression de l’interdit par Psyché dans le conte d’Apulée, L’Âne d’or ou les Métamorphoses , provoque l’anéantissement de celle-ci, qui se jette (ou disparaît) dans les eaux du fleuve. Double disparition donc à l’acmé de ce conte, objet d’une fascination intense depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. Quel processus psychique, sans doute d’ordre universel, recouvre un tel phénomène, interroge l’auteur, en s’appuyant sur la théorie psychanalytique ?
Du zeugma à la métamorphose chez Gérard Garouste
Authors: Baladier-Bloch Isabelle
Published: April 2019

Ce texte tente d’offrir des accès possibles aux différentes figures des métamorphoses présentées ce printemps 2018 dans divers lieux d’expositions parisiens (à la Galerie Templon, aux Beaux-Arts de Paris, au musée de la Chasse et de la Nature). Garouste y aborde à travers son prisme les mythes et mythologies fondateurs et réunis sous le terme de zeugma, passage. Les monstres engendrés par l’imaginaire de Garouste ne sont-ils pas inhérents à l’humain dans ce qu’il recèle en lui de déshumanisation ?
Pourquoi tu ne m’as pas dit que tu étais chamane ?
Authors: Menéndez Ramón
Published: April 2019

À partir d’une expérience de métamorphose lors d’une transe, Corine Sombrun est devenue chamane selon sa destinée. Partant de ce récit, l’auteur propose un parcours qui va des neurosciences à la psychanalyse en passant par l’ethnopsychiatrie et l’anthropologie structurale. Il s’agit de repérer ce que l’on peut qualifier d’un « au-delà » de cet événement anecdotique. Ainsi, on avance une hypothèse sur la fonction du chaman. Cela suppose que le scepticisme lié à la raison occidentale soit questionné.
Repérage-dépistage ciblé du risque cardio-neurovasculaire en officine
Authors: Aly Pierrine , Tempremant Gregory , Houppermans Sophie , Maes-Patinier Fanny , Vanbockstael Vincent , Lemdani Mohamed
Published: April 2019

Introduction : L’implication des pharmaciens d’officine dans le dépistage des maladies cardio-neurovasculaires (MCNV) permettrait de renforcer la prévention du risque cardio-neurovasculaire. Une recherche-action a été menée afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un modèle combinant repérage et dépistage ciblé des facteurs de risque cardio-neurovasculaire en pharmacies d’officine. Matériel et méthodes : Cette étude a été réalisée sur le secteur de Lens-Hénin (62) sur une période de quatre mois. Le modèle comprenait : un repérage des patients à risque selon leurs âge, sexe, poids, antécédents tabagiques, antécédents cardiovasculaires familiaux, à l’exclusion des patients connus pour une MCNV ; un dépistage des facteurs de risque cardio-neurovasculaire avec mesure de la tension artérielle, de la cholestérolémie totale, du cholestérol HDL et de la glycémie via un prélèvement capillaire ainsi qu’une mesure du périmètre abdominal et de l’IMC. Les patients ont été orientés vers le médecin généraliste en fonction des résultats du dépistage. Résultats : Parmi les 471 patients dépistés, 218 (46 %) présentaient au moins deux facteurs de risque, 236 (50 %) avaient une cholestérolémie totale supérieure ou égale à 2 g/L, 176 (37,4 %) présentaient une pression artérielle supérieure à la valeur seuil, 104 (22 %) avaient un IMC supérieur ou égal à 30 kg/m 2 , 217 (46 %), un périmètre abdominal supérieur aux valeurs seuil et, chez 17 (5,3 %), une glycémie à jeun anormale était dépistée. Une orientation vers le médecin généraliste a été proposée à 373 (79 %) patients et au moins 68 (18 %) ont consulté. Conclusion : Cette expérimentation de repérage-dépistage du risque cardio-neurovasculaire au sein des pharmacies d’officine s’avère pertinente. Sa reproduction dans d’autres territoires est à l’étude.
Évaluation d’un jeu éducatif en ligne pour améliorer la qualité de vie des aînés
Authors: Renaud Lise , Sauvé Louise , Kaufman David , Duplàa Emmanuel
Published: April 2019

Cet article décrit et évalue le jeu éducatif en ligne Pour bien vivre, vivons sainement ! qui vise l’augmentation des connaissances sur l’état physique (nutrition, activités physiques, sommeil et fatigue), la réduction des situations à risque, l’identification de l’importance des interactions sociales avec les amis et les membres de la famille et l’accroissement du bien-être émotionnel du joueur. Dans cette étude exploratoire, l’impact du jeu sur la qualité de vie est mesuré auprès de 56 joueurs âgés de 50 et 90 ans ayant rempli des questionnaires validés pré/post. Les résultats témoignent d’une amélioration marquée de la perception sur l’état physique, sur l’environnement social ainsi que sur l’aspect psychologique. Le fait de jouer est bénéfique autant pour les hommes que pour les femmes. Peu importe l’âge, le jeu numérique bonifie leur perception de la qualité de vie. De surcroît, plus on est âgé, plus on considère que le jeu en ligne enrichit les liens sociaux. Enfin, les joueurs plus expérimentés dans l’utilisation des technologies perçoivent davantage de bienfaits à jouer en ligne.
Évaluation des critères de choix du futur lieu d’exercice chez les internes lorrains de gynécologie
Authors: Honoré-Rouge Laetitia , Chamagne Matthieu , Marnat Mathilde , Morel Olivier
Published: April 2019

Objectifs : Évaluer les critères de choix de post-internat des internes inscrits au diplôme d’étude spécialisée (DES) de gynécologie-obstétrique (GO) et les mesures incitatives pouvant avoir un impact sur l’attractivité des maternités. Méthodes : Une enquête régionale par questionnaire anonyme et composé de quatre parties a été réalisé auprès des 39 internes lorrains de GO durant la période universitaire 2015-2016. Résultats : Le taux de réponse était de 89,7 %, avec une féminisation importante de la spécialité à 80 %. La quasi-totalité des internes désiraient effectuer un post-internat (97,1 %), 28,6 % souhaitaient être chef de clinique assistant (CCA) tout en restant dans une ville attractive (88,6 %). Au total, 51,4 % désiraient pratiquer l’obstétrique, 37,1 %, la chirurgie gynécologique et 11,4 %, l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP). Une carrière médicale en secteur hospitalier publique était souhaitée dans 82,8 % des cas. Pour les 31 internes pour qui le type de maternité était un critère de choix, 58,1 % désiraient travailler en maternité de type II, 32,2 % en type III et seulement 9,7 % en type I. Un poste à temps partagé entre deux structures était une possibilité envisageable pour 94,3 % des internes. La motivation évoquée par 42,4 % d’entre eux était l’accès à un travail et à un panel de pathologies plus diversifiées du fait d’une population plus vaste. Une carrière en cabinet de ville n’était envisagée que par 2,9 % des internes. Conclusion : Les internes de GO lorrains désiraient garder une pratique polyvalente avec une part prédominante de l’obstétrique, dans des maternités attractives, et ce en raison, d’une part, de leurs activités, leur plateau technique de qualité et leur sécurité et, d’autre part, de leur situation démographique. Cette tendance favorise la fermeture progressive des petites structures au profit des grands centres.
Bénéfices de la prise en charge intégrée de l’insuffisance cardiaque : l’exemple d’Intermountain Healthcare (États-Unis)
Authors: Bréchat Pierre-Henri , Rasmusson Kismet , Briot Pascal , Foury Christian , Fulton Ross , Smith Doug , Roberts Colleen , Lappé Donald
Published: April 2019

Contexte : Parmi les maladies chroniques, l’insuffisance cardiaque est une priorité de santé publique en France et aux États-Unis. Si des progrès sont possibles dans l’Hexagone, l’expérience d’Intermountain Healthcare (IH), aux États-Unis, peut être source d’expérimentations probantes. Objectif : Identifier les enseignements de l’intégration clinique des spécialistes en insuffisance cardiaque avec la médecine de ville de soins primaires qui pourraient être utiles en France. Méthodes : Cette recherche s’appuie sur l’analyse qualitative de données issus de travaux entre experts, de recherches bibliographiques, et de regroupements par item correspondant aux trois objectifs du Triple Aim de l’Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI). Résultats : Le programme de prise en charge intégrée de l’insuffisance cardiaque d’IH réalise les objectifs du Triple Aim  d’IHI : l’amélioration de la santé de la population ; l’accroissement de la qualité des soins et de la satisfaction de l’usager ; la réduction des coûts des soins. Ce programme améliore aussi le modèle des soins chroniques ( Chronic Care Model ) en y intégrant une équipe de spécialistes en insuffisance cardiaque, créant ainsi une équipe pluridisciplinaire centrée sur les besoins des patients et de leur famille. Cela permet une prise en charge multidisciplinaire globale protocolisée, stratifiée, planifiée et suivie de l’insuffisance cardiaque. La prévention et les soins ambulatoires intégrant les soins spécialisés de second recours aux soins de premier recours sont développés. Les usagers et leurs familles sont coresponsables de leur santé. L’évaluation, systématique, se base sur des indicateurs spécifiques. Discussion : Ce programme améliore l’efficience clinique et l’efficience organisationnelle, ce qui permet des économies pour l’assurance maladie d’IH (SelectHealth). Il accroît également l’égalité d’accès à de meilleurs soins et à la santé pour toute la population.
Les défis de l’efficacité dans la planification des systèmes de santé en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Wone Issa
Published: April 2019

La planification sanitaire constitue une fonction principale de gestion des systèmes de santé. Elle est considérée comme une activité importante par les responsables et techniciens de santé qui lui consacrent beaucoup de temps et de ressources. Le constat est qu’aujourd’hui, principalement sous l’influence des nombreux partenaires intervenant dans le domaine de la santé, le processus d’élaboration des divers plans nationaux, sectoriels, programmatiques voire opérationnelles, est devenu un exercice dont l’efficience est discutable. Les documents élaborés parfois à grands frais sont très peu suivis d’effets et mis en œuvre de façon systématique. Les outils informatiques d’aide à la planification qui existent sont peu ou mal utilisés. Plus globalement, c’est la planification comme modèle de résolution des problèmes de santé qui est discutée. Il y a lieu d’évoluer vers des approches plus engageantes et pragmatiques pour relever les grands défis de Santé Publique en Afrique.
L’ère des atamans
Authors: Chopard Thomas
Published: April 2019

Les atamans sont des dirigeants militaires qui se sont multipliés en Ukraine au cours de la guerre civile qui a fait suite à la révolution de 1917. À la tête de troupes insurgées paysannes, ils ont profondément affaibli tout pouvoir d’État. Cet article analyse par le bas les modalités de leurs actions dans cette guerre irrégulière incessante. Il étudie la portée politique de leurs combats qui, tout en se distinguant des grands partis nationaux, n’entreprend pas moins de refonder en profondeur les campagnes ukrainiennes. De ce point de vue est longuement étudié le caractère systématiquement antisémite de leurs actions : le pillage et la violence contre les Juifs assurant autant leur ravitaillement que participant de leur politique.
Rebelles, miliciens et bandits
Authors: Louzon Victor
Published: April 2019

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Corée, Taiwan et la Mandchourie sont mobilisées par le Japon. L’effondrement de l’Empire japonais en 1945 prive de tutelle les combattants de la période coloniale. À Taiwan, où le pouvoir chinois est sans rival, le legs japonais de militarisation se manifeste lors d’un soulèvement où les vétérans de l’armée et des groupes paramilitaires remobilisent leur expérience de guerre. En Corée du Sud, les tensions politiques débouchent sur une guerre intérieure où s’illustrent anciens soldats coloniaux et milices inspirées de l’époque japonaise. Quant aux ex-combattants du Mandchoukouo, ils se trouvent pris dans une guerre civile où leur statut ambigu est utilisé comme arme politique par les deux belligérants.
Combattants indépendantistes et société rurale dans l’Algérie colonisée
Authors: Branche Raphaëlle
Published: April 2019

Comment un mouvement faiblement armé a-t-il pu résister à l’armée française pendant plus de sept ans ? Si le caractère asymétrique de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne rend compte des formes de l’affrontement, seule une étude au plus près des combattants de l’Armée de libération nationale (ALN) permet de répondre à cette question. Aux documents produits à l’époque se sont ajoutés témoignages publiés et entretiens avec d’anciens combattants. Ces sources permettent d’avoir une vision plus fine de ce que furent les maquis au ras du sol. Si les combattants indépendantistes se présentent comme des libérateurs, la nouvelle armée d’un peuple souverain, l’étude des liens qui les rattachent aux civils montre qu’ils doivent d’abord être des hommes d’honneur, fidèles aux valeurs de la société à laquelle ils appartiennent.
Paul Teitgen et la torture pendant la guerre l’Algérie
Authors: Riceputi Fabrice
Published: April 2019

Nommé au cours de l’été 1956 à la préfecture d’Alger par le gouvernement Guy Mollet pour tenter de républicaniser la police coloniale algéroise, le haut-fonctionnaire Paul Teitgen devient en janvier 1957 un acteur civil central dans la « bataille d’Alger ». Confronté à la torture et aux disparitions forcées, cet ancien résistant déporté, lui-même torturé par la Gestapo, tente de s’y opposer au nom de ses valeurs chrétiennes et républicaines et finit par se résoudre à rompre et à témoigner publiquement des crimes de l’armée française. Se fondant notamment sur les archives de la préfecture d’Alger, cet article retrace cette exceptionnelle et douloureuse trahison dreyfusarde en situation de guerre coloniale.
Requérir la peine de mort
Authors: André Marc
Published: April 2019

Durant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne, la colonie et sa métropole ont progressivement formé un seul théâtre d’opérations judiciaires. En effet, un regard porté sur les carrières des commissaires du gouvernement révèle que ceux-ci passent d’une rive à l’autre de la Méditerranée durant toute la durée de la guerre, facilitant une circulation des pratiques répressives. On comprend alors les raisons de la sévérité des condamnations requises par des magistrats qui ont derrière eux un long passé militaire et colonial. Des archives longtemps inexplorées facilitent cette plongée dans les tribunaux militaires en guerre et offrent une meilleure connaissance d’hommes qui n’apparaissaient jusqu’à présent que sous la figure sans consistance de l’ennemi dans les témoignages d’anciens inculpés.
Allégeances et transferts de loyauté
Authors: Destenay Emmanuel
Published: April 2019

En suggérant que l’Armée républicaine irlandaise (IRA) traquait délibérément les anciens combattants pour les punir de leur engagement auprès des Britanniques pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, l’historiographie actuelle a contribué à freiner le développement de nouvelles études consacrées à la participation des anciens combattants irlandais à la guerre d’indépendance et à la guerre civile. Or, des centaines de transfuges passent à l’ennemi et contribuent de manière déterminante à l’encadrement et à la formation des brigades républicaines. Cette minorité aguerrie structure, encadre et dirige les unités pendant la guerre d’indépendance. En 1922, lorsque la guerre civile éclate, d’anciens combattants britanniques contribuent à la levée de l’armée nationale de l’État libre, garantissant ainsi la pérennité des nouvelles institutions démocratiques.
Dual effect of anthropogenic emissions on the formation of biogenic
SOA
Authors: Kari Eetu , Hao Liqing , Ylisirniö Arttu , Buchholz Angela , Leskinen Ari , Yli-Pirilä Pasi , Nuutinen Ilpo , Kuuspalo Kari , Jokiniemi Jorma , Faiola Celia , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The fraction of gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles comprising the total vehicle pool is projected to increase in the future. However, thorough knowledge about the influence of GDI engines on important atmospheric chemistry processes is missing—from their contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor emissions, SOA formation, and potential role in biogenic-anthropogenic interactions. The objectives of this study were to 1) characterize emissions from modern GDI vehicle and investigate their role in SOA formation chemistry and 2) investigate biogenic-anthropogenic interactions related to SOA formation from a mixture of GDI vehicle emissions and a model biogenic compound, α-pinene. Specifically, we studied SOA formation from modern GDI vehicle emissions during the constant load driving. In this study we show that SOA formation from GDI vehicle emissions was observed in each experiment. VOCs measured with the PTR-ToF-MS could account for 19−42% of total SOA mass generated in each experiments. This suggests there were lower volatility intermediate-VOCs (IVOCs) and semi-VOCs (SVOCs) in the GDI exhaust that likely contributed to SOA production but were not detected with the instrumentation used in this study. This study also demonstrates that two distinct mechanisms caused by anthropogenic emissions suppress α-pinene SOA mass yield. The first suppressing effect was the presence of NOx. This mechanism is consistent with previous reports demonstrating suppression of biogenic SOA formation in the presence of anthropogenic emissions. Our results imply that the second suppressing effect was the presence of anthropogenic gas-phase species that suppressed biogenic SOA formation by changing the gas-phase chemistry of α-pinene. This change in oxidation pathways led to formation of α-pinene oxidation products that most likely do not have vapor pressures low enough to partition into the particle phase. Overall, the presence of gasoline vehicle exhaust caused more than 50 % suppression in α-pinene SOA mass yield compared to the α-pinene SOA mass yield measured in the absence of an anthropogenic influence.
Characterization of Shallow Oceanic Precipitation using Profiling and Scanning Radar Observations at the Eastern North Atlantic ARM Observatory
Authors: Lamer Katia , Puigdomènech Treserras Bernat , Zhu Zeen , Isom Bradley , Bharadwaj Nitin , Kollias Pavlos
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Shallow oceanic precipitation variability is documented using 2nd generation radars located at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Eastern North Atlantic observatory: the Ka-band ARM zenith radar (KAZR2), the Ka-band scanning ARM cloud radar (KaSACR2) and the X-band scanning ARM precipitation radar (XSAPR2). First, the radars and measurement post-processing techniques, including sea clutter removal and calibration against collocated disdrometer and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) observations are described. Then, we present how a combination of profiling radar and lidar observations can be used to estimate adaptive (in both time and height) parameters that relate radar reflectivity (Z) to precipitation rate (R) in the form Z = αRβ which we use to estimate precipitation rate over the domain observed by XSAPR2. Furthermore, Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) gridded XSAPR2 precipitation rate maps are also constructed. Hourly precipitation rate statistics estimated from the three radars differ; that is because KAZR2 is more sensitive to shallow virga and because XSAPR2 suffers from less attenuation that KaSACR2 and as such is best suited to characterize intermittent and mesoscale-organized precipitation. Further analysis reveals that precipitation rate statistics obtained by averaging 12 h of KAZR2 observations can be used to approximate that of a domain of 2500 km2 averaged over similar time periods. However, it was determined that KAZR2 is unsuitable to characterize domain average precipitation rate over shorter periods. But even more fundamentally, these results suggest that observations cannot produce objective domain precipitation estimate and that forward-simulators should be used to guide high temporal-resolution model evaluation studies.
Estimating the soil N2O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe
Authors: Myrgiotis Vasileios , Williams Mathew , Rees Robert M. , Topp Cairistiona F. E.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The application of nitrogenous fertilisers to agricultural soils is a major
source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Reducing the nitrogen (N)
footprint of agriculture is a global challenge that depends, among other
things, on our ability to quantify the N2O emission intensity of the
world's most widespread and productive agricultural systems. In this context,
biogeochemistry (BGC) models are widely used to estimate soil N2O
emissions in agroecosystems. The choice of spatial scale is crucial because
larger-scale studies are limited by low input data precision, while
smaller-scale studies lack wider relevance. The robustness of large-scale model
predictions depends on preliminary and data-demanding model
calibration/validation, while relevant studies often omit the performance of
output uncertainty analysis and underreport model outputs that would allow a
critical assessment of results. This study takes a novel approach to these
aspects. The study focuses on arable eastern Scotland – a data-rich region
typical of northwest Europe in terms of edaphoclimatic conditions, cropping
patterns and productivity levels. We used a calibrated and locally validated
BGC model to simulate direct soil N2O emissions along with
NO3 leaching and crop N uptake in fields of barley, wheat and oilseed
rape. We found that 0.59 % (±0.36) of the applied N is emitted as
N2O while 37 % (±6) is taken up by crops and 14 %
(±7) is leached as NO3. We show that crop type is a key
determinant of N2O emission factors (EFs) with cereals having a low
(mean EF<0.6 %), and oilseed rape a high (mean
EF=2.48 %), N2O emission intensity. Fertiliser
addition was the most important N2O emissions driver suggesting that
appropriate actions can reduce crop N2O intensity. Finally, we
estimated a 74 % relative uncertainty around N2O predictions
attributable to soil data variability. However, we argue that
higher-resolution soil data alone might not suffice to reduce this uncertainty.
BATHYMETRIC SURVEYING IN LAKE SUPERIOR: 3D MODELING AND SONAR EQUIPMENTS COMPARING
Authors: Levin E. , Meadows G. , Shults R. , Karacelebi U. , Kulunk H. S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This paper represents the overview of hydrographic surveying and different types of modern and traditional surveying equipment, and data acquisition using the traditional single beam sonar system and a modern fully autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) IVER3. During the study, the data sets were collected using the vehicles of the Great Lake Research Center at Michigan Technological University. This paper presents how to process and edit the bathymetric data on SonarWiz5. Lastly, it compares the accuracy of the two different sonar systems in the different missions and creates 3D models to display and understand the elevations changes. Moreover, the 3D models were created after importing the data sets in the same coordinate system. In this study, the data sets were recorded by two different sensors in the two study locations in the Keweenaw Waterway in Michigan, U.S. between the cities of Houghton and Hancock. The first one equipment is the Lowrance HDS-7 sonar on the surveying boat, and other one is the EdgeTech 2205 sonar on the fully AUV of IVER3. One of the purposes of this study is to explore the sonar post processing programs, which are very important to interpret sonar and bathymetric data, and obtained the same coordinate system of the study areas. During the project, three main processing programs were used. The first one is UnderSee Explorer 2.6, which has been used to process the data sets of Polar SV boat. Secondly, EdgeTech Discover 4600 bathymetric software used EdgeTech 2205 sonar data sets to create bathymetric files that were used in SonarWiz5. Lastly, SonarWiz5 sonar processing software can be used to process the data sets. After the data acquisition and the data process, six profiles from the first study area and the five profiles from the second study are created to compare the data sets and elevations difference. It is shown that single beam sonar might miss some details, such as pipeline and quick elevation changes on seabed when we compare to the side scan sonar of IVER3 because the single side scan sonar can acquire better resolutions to understand the 3D features, such as pipelines, reliefs etc.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF UNDERWATER 3D MODELS OF SEABED AND ARTIFACTS
Authors: Barrile V. , Fotia A. , Ponterio R. , Aliotta F.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The digital representation of hydraulic engineering works such as dykes or barriers is a sector that is becoming increasingly important. In general, however, the 3D relief of semi-submerged structures is still a problem. The Geomatics Laboratory in collaboration with CNR-IPCF of Messina as part of a broader project to analyze the variations of the coast lines and the seabed of the province of Reggio Calabria (southern Italy), has developed an experimental system of acquisition and processing of digital images acquired via UAV and (Remotely operated vehicle) ROV. The present note describes the design and construction characteristics of the ROV realized and used, the advantages and limitations of the use of a small and low-cost ROV, as well as the results obtained during the experimentation phase. The process of surveying of the sub-emerged structure inquired and the relative construction of a unique 3D model are also described. The two surveys were first elaborated separately and then united in a single reference system by means of the visible markers in the area straddling the sea surface. Finally, the bathymetry values obtained from the classic echo sounder system and those obtained from the model obtained were compared.
Estimating the snow depth, the snow–ice interface temperature, and the effective temperature of Arctic sea ice using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 and ice mass balance buoy data
Authors: Kilic Lise , Tonboe Rasmus Tage , Prigent Catherine , Heygster Georg
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Mapping sea ice concentration (SIC) and understanding sea ice properties and
variability is important, especially today with the recent Arctic sea ice
decline. Moreover, accurate estimation of the sea ice effective temperature
(Teff) at 50 GHz is needed for atmospheric sounding applications
over sea ice and for noise reduction in SIC estimates. At low microwave
frequencies, the sensitivity to the atmosphere is low, and it is possible to
derive sea ice parameters due to the penetration of microwaves in the snow
and ice layers. In this study, we propose simple algorithms to derive the
snow depth, the snow–ice interface temperature (TSnow−Ice) and
the Teff of Arctic sea ice from microwave brightness temperatures
(TBs). This is achieved using the Round Robin Data Package of the ESA sea ice
CCI project, which contains TBs from the Advanced Microwave Scanning
Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) collocated with measurements from ice mass balance buoys
(IMBs) and the NASA Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) airborne campaigns over the
Arctic sea ice. The snow depth over sea ice is estimated with an error of
5.1 cm, using a multilinear regression with the TBs at 6, 18, and 36 V. The
TSnow−Ice is retrieved using a linear regression as a function
of the snow depth and the TBs at 10 or 6 V. The root mean square errors
(RMSEs) obtained are 2.87 and 2.90 K respectively, with 10 and 6 V TBs.
The Teff at microwave frequencies between 6 and 89 GHz is
expressed as a function of TSnow−Ice using data from a
thermodynamical model combined with the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks. Teff is estimated from the TSnow−Ice
with a RMSE of less than 1 K.
Hip Surveillance in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Shrader M. Wade , Wimberly Lane , Thompson Rachel
Published: April 2019

Hip dysplasia is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP), especially in those children with notable functional impairment. Severity of hip dysplasia has been shown to correlate with higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. Migration percentage measured on AP pelvis radiographs is the key radiographic measure quantifying hip displacement in CP. Hip surveillance programs for children with CP exist in Europe, Australia, and parts of Canada and have been adopted as standard of care. These programs have demonstrated improved detection of hip subluxation and appropriate early intervention with a resultant decrease in the number of painful dislocations. Hip surveillance programs provide healthcare providers with guidance for a schedule of obtaining hip radiographs based on patients' age, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, and migration percentage. Although systematic surveillance programs have yet to be adopted in the United States, several centers and organizations are currently investigating the potential and efficacy of hip screening in CP.
Systemy kierowania ogniem wozów bojowych. Wymagania, budowa, badania
Authors: Kozłowski Grzegorz
Published: April 2019

W artykule omówiono systemy kierowania ogniem wozów bojowych i czołgów. Zaprezentowano przykładowe rozwiązania konstrukcyjne oraz określono ich ogólną strukturę. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy funkcjonalnej określono istotne charakterystyki techniczne zasadniczych bloków funkcjonalnych oraz zaprezentowano główne trendy rozwojowe. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na metody oceny podstawowych parametrów systemów uzbrojenia wozów bojowych i czołgów stosowanych w Siłach Zbrojnych RP oraz odniesiono je do metod stosowanych w armii amerykańskiej.
Perception of Addiction Treatment Specialists about Alcohol’s Harm to Others: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Jogaitė Birutė , Tamutienė Ilona , Raitasalo Kirsimarja
Published: April 2019

The main aim of this article is to reveal the experiences of specialists working in Lithuanian addiction treatment centres on supporting relatives of alcohol addicts and providing help. This study consisted of thematic analysis of interviews with 11 specialists from five addiction treatment centres (ATC) in Lithuania. The development of services in Lithuania is inadequate with the existing evidence of alcohol-related harm to others (AHTO). The ATC specialists’ perception about AHTO is drinker-centred, medically oriented and not based on family approach. We found that the relatives of alcohol addicts are seen more as resources for treatment of alcohol addicts but not as a separate target group with their personal needs and problems and who need services and help. Without systematic changes there is no place for relatives in the current addiction treatment system in Lithuania. Because of work overloads, ethical dilemmas raising from confidentiality issues, specialized professionals working with relatives (including children) are needed. Also, it is important to strengthen the specialists’ knowledge and possibilities to recognize AHTO. Finally, the state must take over the individualized responsibility to the collective level providing assistance both to alcohol addicts and their relatives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23124
Behavioral Insights in Public Policy: Ukrainian Case
Authors: Khadzhyradieva Svitlana , Hrechko Tetiana , Savkov Anatolii
Published: April 2019

The OECD has identified 196 teams within governments across the world, designed with the purpose of using behavioral insights to improve national administrations. Citizens of various societies support nudges and nudging. However, the determinants of the nudge approval level have not been studied so far. It is not known why some types of nudges are approved by citizens of different countries to a greater extent, and others are actively disapproved. The aim of this study is to reveal the approval level of using Behavioral insights in Public Policy. We have formulated the nudge approval determinants, have analyzed the influence of nudge approval determinants on nudge approval level in 15 countries. We report the results of nationally representative survey of nudge approval level in Ukraine. We have found governance, cultural and experience determinants of nudge approval. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23130
Peculiarities of Legislative Interactions with Public Policy in Lithuania
Authors: Urmonas Algimantas
Published: April 2019

Legislative public policy in Lithuania is a specific area of state activity, where the reasons for the purpose of lawmaking and change are analyzed. Also decisions are made to improve the drafting of laws and the accompanying legislation, to increase the efficiency of legal regulation, and the legislative measures try to solve social problems. However, the formation of legislative provisions in the field of public policy and administration of its implementation in Lithuania is characterized not only by links, but also by large gaps between these phenomena, because of the linkup and confrontation between different interests. And this is perfectly understandable, because public policy is based on a utility and law is a paradigm of justice. That is why politicians use the legislative powers in the context of todayʼs reality, having a multiplicity of interests, not only duplicates by his behaviour, but sometimes also focuses on a larger scale of social roles. A politician, who at the same time is a legislative subject, focuses not only on the electorate, but also on the political interests of the political party, and the protected economic interests of business representatives. Finally, he has some personal interests in his presence in power. As the dysfunctional legislative practice shows, there are also cases where the main goal of the politician is not justice, but the desire to gain as much populist popularity as possible, in the hope that all the ways are good: disregard for laws, nihilistic thinking that eliminates the sense of reality and delete the boundaries of differences between illusion and reality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23131
Evolution of cellular metabolism and the rise of a globally productive biosphere
Authors: Braakman Rogier
Published: April 2019

The metabolic processes of cells and chemical processes in the environment are fundamentally intertwined and have evolved in concert over billions of years. Here I argue that intrinsic properties of cellular metabolism imposed central constraints on the historical trajectories of biopsheric productivity and atmospheric oxygenation. Photosynthesis depends on iron, but iron is highly insoluble under the aerobic conditions produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. These counteracting constraints led to two major stages of Earth oxygenation. Cyanobacterial photosynthesis drove a major biospheric expansion near the Archean-Proterozoic boundary but subsequently remained largely restricted to continental boundaries and shallow aquatic environments, where weathering inputs made iron more accessible. The anoxic deep open ocean was rich in free iron during the Proterozoic, but this iron remained effectively inaccessible since a photosynthetic expansion would have quenched its own supply. Near the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic boundary, bioenergetic innovations allowed eukaryotic photosynthesis to expand into the deep open oceans and onto the continents, where nutrients are inherently harder to come by. Key insights into the ecological rise of eukaryotic photosynthesis emerge from analyses of marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, abundant marine picocyanobacteria whose ancestors colonized the oceans in the Neoproterozoic. The reconstructed evolution of Prochlorococcus reveals a sequence of innovations that ultimately produced a form of photosynthesis more like that of green plant cells than other cyanobacteria. Innovations increased the energy flux of cells, thereby enhancing their ability to acquire sparse nutrients, and as by-product also increased the production of organic carbon waste. Some of these organic waste products in turn had the ability to chelate iron and make it bioavailable, thereby indirectly pushing the oceans through a transition from an anoxic state rich in free iron to an oxygenated state with organic carbon-bound iron. The periods of Earth history around cyanobacteria- and eukaryote-driven biospheric expansions share several other parallels. Both epochs have also been linked to major carbon cycle perturbations and global glaciations, as well as changes in the nature of mantle convection and plate tectonics. This suggests the dynamics of life and Earth are intimately intertwined across many levels and that general principles governed Neoarchean and Neoproterozoic transitions in these coupled dynamics.
Detection of pelagic habitats and abundance of skipjack tuna in relation to the environment in the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka
Authors: Elepathage Thushani Suleka Madhubha , Tang Danling
Published: April 2019

Using remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) together with catch data, the pelagic hotspots of Skipjack tuna (SKPJ) were identified. MODIS/Aqua satellite data and the fish catch data were obtained during 2002-2016 period. Empirical cumulative distribution frequency (ECDF) model of satellite-based oceanographic data in relation to skipjack fishing was used for the initial statistical analysis and the results showed that key pelagic habitat corresponded mainly with the 0.4 – 0.7 mg m-3 Chl-a concentration. Chl-a represents the phytoplankton that attracts the food items of SKPJ like zooplankton and nekton The favorable SST range for SKPJ is 26 - 27 0C which provides suitable thermocline and an optimum level of upwelling to circulate nutrients needed for the primary production. The high total catches and CPUEs were found within the months of September to December and the optimum levels of Chl-a, SST also were observed in similar months. Hence, the South-West monsoon season was identified as the best and peak season of SKPJ fisheries. SST and Chl-a are important indicators to detect the habitats of SKPJ and the maps prepared can be used in the future to cost-effectively and efficiently identify and demarcate the biological conservation regions or fisheries zones of SKPJ. According to GAM the 0.3 - 0.6 mg m-3 Chl-a, 28 - 28.5 0C SST in Western and 0.25 - 0.3 mg m-3 Chl-a and 28.5 - 28.80C SST in Eastern were found as highly correlated predictor variables value ranges with SKPJ abundance. The deviances explained in above areas in GAM were 90.8% and 61.4% respectively. The GAM was considered as a robustly dealing method with nonlinear relationships and it can be used to model the fish catch abundance with influencing variables significantly since it could predict the CPUE values greater than 90% similarly to nominal CPUEs in both subregions of the study area.
The Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yousif Ghadda M. Awad
Published: April 2019

The transport sector is an important factor of economic activity, where it contributes directly to economic activities and employment. The road has a large indirect impact on all the other sectors and activities in the economy. The study aims to investigate the causality relations between road land and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. The study is based on secondary data gained from Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency and World Bank over the period of1988 to2017. The Granger causality test was used to investigate the relationship between the variables with Akiake Lag Length Selection Information Criteria, while Vector Autoregtression (VAR) model was used in order to find the causality. The result reveals unidirectional causality form real GDP to road; however, there is no evidence to support that transportation infrastructure is the cause of economic growth. Granger causality from GDP to investment in infrastructure indicates that reinvestment in infrastructure is caused by economic growth and not vice versa. Economic growth drove pressures on existing transport infrastructure and required additional investment. The finding is in line with the commonly accepted notion advocating that economic growth or development provide necessary financial and technical support for transportation infrastructure investment and improvement.
Communicative Planning
Authors: Leffers Donald
Published: April 2019

Communicative planning is a body of spatial planning scholarship associated with the communicative turn in planning of the 1990s, instigated largely as a reaction to modernist “rational” planning of the 1960s. Communicative planning scholars drew on social theorists such as Jürgen Habermas and John Dewey to propose a normative perspective on planning based on communicative rationality and debate between planning stakeholders in order to anticipate and minimize “distorted” exercises of power in the planning process. Communicative planning scholars include John Forester, Judith Innis, Patsy Healey, and Tore Sager. Related approaches include critical pragmatism, collaborative planning, deliberative planning, argumentative planning, and discursive democracy.
Regionalism
Authors: Jones Martin
Published: April 2019

This entry suggests that regionalism, defined as the processes and practices of region‐making, can help to take regional geography forward in human geography and the social sciences more broadly. For the purposes of this discussion, a region is a temporary permanence, something held stable, though not fixed and absolute, at different points in time, for different purposes. There is, then, no single reading of a region. Regions are multiple entities and we should look at the process and practices of region‐making historically and spatially. Geopolitical conditions matter, but these should be looked at alongside social, cultural, and other drivers shaping capitalism as a social relation.
Spatial Assimilation
Authors: Wen Tzai‐Hung
Published: April 2019

Spatial assimilation is defined as a process whereby, as social status rises, minorities attempt to improve their socioeconomic achievements into an improved spatial position which is primarily dominated by ethnic majorities. Spatial assimilation models examine the immigrants' neighborhood contexts, movements, and their sociodemographic characteristics, such as education, income, and occupational status. Spatial assimilation originates from the concept of assimilation. Many studies have indicated that assimilation is the process by which a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture and customs. Research has emphasized that spatially segregated ethnic groups will become assimilated into the host society and move into the mainstream neighborhood, demonstrating spatial assimilation. To better understand residential patterns and immigrant mobility, measuring neighborhood characteristics, including racial and ethnic composition, is important to elaborate spatial assimilation theory in order to promote demographic policy.
Survival Strategies
Authors: Najman Mercedes
Published: April 2019

Since its emergence, the concept of family survival strategy has allowed the study of new issues and social phenomena in different fields of social science. It allows inquiry into the ways in which families in different social sectors organize themselves to survive and reproduce. Although it has been the target of a series of critiques – which enabled the deepening of this approach and the development of new terms related to it – it has been acknowledged as a groundbreaking approach due to its mediation between macro and micro social dimensions in the understanding of social reproduction processes. On the other hand, this approach focuses on the active and productive role assumed by the low income population in order to fulfill their needs. Nowadays, the problem of poverty and vulnerability is still a crucial issue, validating the significance of this type of analysis.
Controlling Red Color–Based Multicolor Upconversion through Selective Photon Blocking
Authors: Wu Ming , Yan Long , Wang Ting , Zhou Bo , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: April 2019

Photon upconversion multiplexing has attracted increasing interest in recent years; however, realizing the red color–based multicolor‐tunable output in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) at a fixed composition remains a huge challenge. Here, a novel and versatile approach to fine‐control upconversion luminescence (UCL) colors from UCNPs through selectively confining specific excitation energy by the photon blocking effect is reported. Four types of dual‐color switchable UCNPs capable of emitting red‐blue and red‐green emissions are successfully designed following this strategy, and their UCL performance shows a multiwavelength (808/980/1550 nm) excitable feature that is well sustained in a wide range of excitation power density. The use of the photon blocking effect further enables the dynamically switchable red‐green‐blue UCL with 808/980 nm excitations. These findings provide a general method to achieve multicolor‐tunable UCL at a single nanoparticle level. Moreover, the UCNPs with red‐based multicolor emissions in this work enriches the upconversion system and should have potential applications in display, anti‐counterfeiting, and bioimaging.
Multifunctional Smart Textronics with Blow‐Spun Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Ho Dong Hae , Cheon Siuk , Hong Panuk , Park Jong Hwan , Suk Ji Won , Kim Do Hwan , Han Joong Tark , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: April 2019

Here, the fabrication of nonwoven fabric by blow spinning and its application to smart textronics are demonstrated. The blow‐spinning system is composed of two parallel concentric fluid streams: i) a polymer dissolved in a volatile solvent and ii) compressed air flowing around the polymer solution. During the jetting process with pressurized air, the solvent evaporates, which results in the deposition of nanofibers in the direction of gas flow. Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) dissolved in acetone is blow‐spun onto target substrate. Conductive nonwoven fabric is also fabricated from a blend of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and PVdF‐HFP. An all‐fabric capacitive strain sensor is fabricated by vertically stacking the PVdF‐HFP dielectric fabric and the SWCNT/PVdF‐HFP conductive fabric. The resulting sensor shows a high gauge factor of over 130 and excellent mechanical durability. The hierarchical morphology of nanofibers enables the development of superhydrophobic fabric and their electrical and thermal conductivities facilitate the application to a wearable heater and a flexible heat‐dissipation sheet, respectively. Finally, the conductive nonwoven fabric is successfully applied to the detection of various biosignals. The demonstrated facile and cost‐effective fabrication of nonwoven fabric by the blow‐spinning technique provides numerous possibilities for further development of technologies ranging from wearable electronics to textronics.
Thermodiffusion‐Assisted Pyroelectrics—Enabling Rapid and Stable Heat and Radiation Sensing
Authors: Shiran Chaharsoughi Mina , Zhao Dan , Crispin Xavier , Fabiano Simone , Jonsson Magnus P.
Published: April 2019

Sensors for monitoring temperature, heat flux, and thermal radiation are essential for applications such as electronic skin. While pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects are suitable candidates as functional elements in such devices, both concepts show individual drawbacks in terms of zero equilibrium signals for pyroelectric materials and small or slow response of thermoelectric materials. Here, these drawbacks are overcome by introducing the concept of thermodiffusion‐assisted pyroelectrics, which combines and enhances the performance of pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials. The presented integrated concept provides both rapid initial response upon heating and stable synergistically enhanced signals upon prolonged exposure to heat stimuli. Likewise, incorporation of plasmonic metasurfaces enables the concept to provide both rapid and stable signals for radiation‐induced heating. The performance of the concept and its working mechanism can be explained by ion–electron interactions at the interface between the pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials.