bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Quality and Technology With Patient Mobility for Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Aggarwal Ajay , Han Lu , Boyle Jemma , Lewis Daniel , Kuyruba Angela , Braun Michael , Walker Kate , Fearnhead Nicola , Sullivan Richard , van der Meulen Jan
Published: November 2022

Importance

Many health care systems publish hospital-level quality measures as a driver of hospital performance and to support patient choice, but it is not known if patients with cancer respond to them.

Objective

To investigate hospital quality and patient factors associated with treatment location.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This choice modeling study used national administrative hospital data. Patients with colon and rectal cancer treated in all 163 English National Health Service (NHS) hospitals delivering colorectal cancer surgery between April 2016 and March 2019 were included. The extent to which patients chose to bypass their nearest surgery center was investigated, and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association of additional travel time, hospital quality measures, and patient characteristics with treatment location.

Exposures

Additional travel time in minutes, hospital characteristics, and patient characteristics: age, sex, cancer T stage, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, and rural or urban residence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Treatment location.

Results

Overall, 44 299 patients were included in the final cohort (mean [SD] age, 68.9 [11.6] years; 18 829 [42.5%] female). A total of 8550 of 31 258 patients with colon cancer (27.4%) and 3933 of 13 041 patients with rectal cancer (30.2%) bypassed their nearest surgical center. Travel time was strongly associated with treatment location. The association was less strong for younger, more affluent patients and those from rural areas. For rectal cancer, patients were more likely to travel to a hospital designated as a specialist colorectal cancer surgery center (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13-1.87; P = .004) and to a hospital performing robotic surgery for rectal cancer (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11-1.86; P = .007). Patients were less likely to travel to hospitals deemed to have inadequate care by the national quality regulator (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97; P = .03). Patients were not more likely to travel to hospitals with better 2-year bowel cancer mortality outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

Patients appear responsive to hospital characteristics that reflect overall hospital quality and the availability of robotic surgery but not to specific disease-related outcome measures. Policies allowing patients to choose where they have colorectal cancer surgery may not result in better outcomes but could drive inequities in the health care system.
ZipperCells Exhibit Enhanced Accumulation and Retention at the Site of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jasiewicz Natalie E. , Mei Kuo‐Ching , Oh Hannah M. , Chansoria Parth , Hendy Dylan A. , Bonacquisti Emily E. , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. , Yin Haifeng , Qian Li , Jensen Brian C. , Nguyen Juliane
Published: November 2022

There has been extensive interest in cellular therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction, but bottlenecks concerning cellular accumulation and retention remain. Here, a novel system of in situ crosslinking mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the formation of a living depot at the infarct site is reported. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells that are surface decorated with heterodimerizing leucine zippers, termed ZipperCells, are engineered. When delivered intravenously in sequential doses, it is demonstrated that ZipperCells can migrate to the infarct site, crosslink, and show ≈500% enhanced accumulation and ≈600% improvement in prolonged retention at 10 days after injection compared to unmodified MSCs. This study introduces an advanced approach to creating noninvasive therapeutics depots using cellular crosslinking and provides the framework for future scaffold‐free delivery methods for cardiac repair.
Recent Progress in Carrier‐Free Nanomedicine for Tumor Phototherapy
Authors: Zhong Ying‐Tao , Cen Yi , Xu Lin , Li Shi‐Ying , Cheng Hong
Published: November 2022

Safe and effective strategies are urgently needed to fight against the life‐threatening diseases of various cancers. However, traditional therapeutic modalities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, exhibit suboptimal efficacy for malignant tumors owing to the serious side effects, drug resistance and even relapse. Phototherapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), are emerging therapeutic strategies for localized tumor inhibition, which can produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or elevate the temperature to initiate cell death by non‐invasive irradiation. In consideration of the poor bioavailability of phototherapy agents (PTAs), lots of drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance the tumor targeted delivery. Nevertheless, the carriers of drug delivery systems inevitably bring biosafety concerns on account of their metabolism, degradation, and accumulation. Of note, carrier‐free nanomedicine attracts great attention for clinical translation with synergistic antitumor effect, which is characterized by high drug loading, simplified synthetic method and good biocompatibility. In this review, the latest advances of phototherapy with various carrier‐free nanomedicines are summarized, which may provide a new paradigm for the future development of nanomedicine and tumor precision therapy.
Role of Bicontinuous Structure in Elastomeric Electrolytes for High‐Energy Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Han Junghun , Lee Michael J. , Lee Kyungbin , Lee Young Jun , Kwon Seung Ho , Min Ju Hong , Lee Eunji , Lee Wonho , Lee Seung Woo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: November 2022

Solid‐state lithium (Li)‐metal batteries (LMBs) are garnering attention as a next‐generation battery technology that can surpass conventional Li‐ion batteries in terms of energy density and operational safety under the condition that the issue of uncontrolled Li dendrite is resolved. In this study, various plastic crystal‐embedded elastomer electrolytes (PCEEs) are investigated with different phase‐separated structures, prepared by systematically adjusting the volume ratio of the phases, to elucidate the structure‐property‐electrochemical performance relationship of the PCEE in the LMBs. At an optimal volume ratio of elastomer phase to plastic‐crystal phase (i.e., 1:1), bicontinuous‐structured PCEE, consisting of efficient ion‐conducting, plastic‐crystal pathways with long‐range connectivity within a crosslinked elastomer matrix, exhibits exceptionally high ionic conductivity (≈10−3 S cm−1) at 20 °C and excellent mechanical resilience (elongation at break ≈ 300%). A full cell featuring this optimized PCEE, a 35 µm thick Li anode, and a high loading LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 (NMC‐83) cathode delivers a high energy density of 437 Wh kganode+cathode+electrolyte−1. The established structure–property–electrochemical performance relationship of the PCEE for solid‐state LMBs is expected to inform the development of the elastomeric electrolytes for various electrochemical energy systems.
Nanoscale TEM Imaging of Hydrogel Network Architecture
Authors: Kiyama Ryuji , Yoshida Masahiro , Nonoyama Takayuki , Sedlačík Tomáš , Jinnai Hiroshi , Kurokawa Takayuki , Nakajima Tasuku , Gong Jian Ping
Published: November 2022

In this work, the authors succeed in direct visualization of the network structure of synthetic hydrogels with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by developing a novel staining and network fixation method. Such a direct visualization is not carried out because sample preparation and obtaining sufficient contrast are challenging for these soft materials. TEM images reveal robust heterogeneous network architectures at mesh size scale and defects at micro‐scale. TEM images also reveal the presence of abundant dangling chains on the surface of the hydrogel network. The real space structural information provides a comprehensive perspective that links bulk properties with a nanoscale network structure, including fracture, adhesion, sliding friction, and lubrication. The presented method has the potential to advance the field.
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Making Full Use of Spin Hall Effect
Authors: Song Yuhang , Dai Zhiming , Liu Long , Wu Jinxiang , Li Tingting , Zhao Xiaotian , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhidong
Published: November 2022

Field‐free switching is a critical issue for spin‐orbit torque‐induced magnetic random‐access memory (SOT‐MRAM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropic (PMA) towards application. If only the spin‐polarized electrons along the y‐direction (σy) are used, deterministic switching cannot be achieved, as the electron polarization direction and easy magnetization direction are orthogonal. In this work, z‐direction polarized electrons (σz) produced by the spin Hall effect are utilized to provide the switching direction and σy provides the propulsion of magnetic reorientation. With the cooperation of σy and σz by the spin Hall effect, field‐free switching is achieved. To combine with magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), a model is proposed, in which heavy metals providing σz are deposited on MTJ with asymmetric writing line widths. This model retains the characteristics of read‐write separation and realizes deterministic switching based on SOT.
Effect of potassium application rate on cotton growth and yield under irrigated and dryland conditions
Authors: Denton Savana , Dodds Darrin , Krutz Jason , Varco Jac , Gore Jeff , Raper Tyson , Cox Michael , Dhillon Jagman
Published: November 2022

Potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown on soils with adequate soil test K levels has become more prevalent. Field experiments were conducted with or without irrigation as the main plot and K fertilizer rates as subplot treatments. Granular K was applied preseason at rates of 0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg K ha−1. Two in‐season foliar K programs applied a total of either 2.8 or 5.6 kg K ha−1 were included to compare against the check. Experiments were set up on two distinct soil mapping units (SMUs) in Starkville, MS, including a Leeper silty clay loam (LSCL; fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and a Marietta fine sandy loam (MFSL; fine‐loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts). Response variables collected include lint yield and fiber quality, leaf K concentrations, and cotton growth and development parameters. Across all years of the experiment, LSCL lint yields increased at a rate of 41 and 118 kg ha−1 per 45 kg K ha−1 under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. On the MFSL, lint yield increase was not significant for either rainfed or irrigated conditions. Leaf K concentrations at first bloom and 4 weeks after first bloom responded quadratically to K rate, with peak leaf K concentrations occurring between 134 and 179 kg K ha−1. Differences in cotton growth parameters were observed; however, differences were likely physiologically insignificant. For all parameters, foliar K application programs did not differ from the untreated check. This investigation showed that foliar K application alone are insufficient, and responses to granular K and irrigation were dependent on SMUs.
Policy reform and farmers' heterogeneous response: Measuring the income effects of corn price shocks
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Gao Yang , Henneberry Shida R. , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: November 2022

We measure the impacts of the corn price shocks caused by the corn‐procurement policy reform on the incomes of corn producers of different scales in the respective supply response states, using a balanced panel dataset from household surveys from 2015 to 2016 in Heilongjiang province of China. The results from the specification accounting for the response heterogeneity show that the substantial fall in corn prices had a significant negative impact on the incomes of the large and medium farms that chose to reduce corn acreage and of the large farms that chose to abandon corn planting. In contrast, the results from the specification ignoring the response heterogeneity indicate that the corn price shocks had a significant negative impact on the incomes of all large corn‐producing farms. The results confirm our proposition that the supply response state and the initial operation scale are responsible for whether a corn producer is hurt by a fall in corn prices. The findings suggest that it matters to take the response heterogeneity into account in correctly determining the differential effects of a price shock on farmers' incomes. [EconLit Citations: D31, Q12, Q18].
Leukocyte surface biomarkers implicate deficits of innate immunity in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Yihan , Fowler Christopher , Doecke James D. , Lim Yen Ying , Drysdale Candace , Zhang Vicky , Park Keunha , Trounson Brett , Pertile Kelly , Rumble Rebecca , Pickering John W. , Rissman Robert A. , Sarsoza Floyd , Abdel‐Latif Sara , Lin Yong , Doré Vincent , Villemagne Victor , Rowe Christopher C. , Fripp Jurgen , Martins Ralph , Wiley James S. , Maruff Paul , Mintzer Jacobo E. , Masters Colin L. , Gu Ben J.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Blood‐based diagnostics and prognostics in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) are important for identifying at‐risk individuals for therapeutic interventions.

Methods

In three stages, a total of 34 leukocyte antigens were examined by flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.

Results

We identified leukocyte markers differentially expressed in the patients with AD. Pathway analysis revealed a complex network involving upregulation of complement inhibition and downregulation of cargo receptor activity and Aβ clearance. A proposed panel including four leukocyte markers – CD11c, CD59, CD91, and CD163 – predicts patients’ PET Aβ status with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97). CD163 was the top performer in preclinical models. These findings have been validated in two independent cohorts.

Conclusion

Our finding of changes on peripheral leukocyte surface antigens in AD implicates the deficit in innate immunity. Leukocyte‐based biomarkers prove to be both sensitive and practical for AD screening and diagnosis.
Mechanistische Charakterisierung und Engineering der Sesterviolen‐Synthase aus Streptomyces violens
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: November 2022

Die Sesterviolen‐Synthase aus Streptomyces violens wurde identifiziert und repräsentiert die zweite bekannte Sesterterpen‐Synthase aus Bakterien. Es wurden Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente in Verbindung mit DFT‐Rechnungen durchgeführt, die detaillierte Einblicke in ihren komplexen Cyclisierungsmechanismus lieferten. Enzym‐Engineering durch ortsgerichtete Mutagenese ermöglichte den Zugang zu einer hochergiebigen Enzymvariante, die sechs zusätzliche Nebenprodukte und das Hauptprodukt in ausreichenden Mengen lieferte, um seine Chemie zu untersuchen.
Mechanistic Characterisation and Engineering of Sesterviolene Synthase from Streptomyces violens
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: November 2022

The sesterviolene synthase from Streptomyces violens was identified and represents the second known sesterterpene synthase from bacteria. Isotopic labelling experiments in conjunction with DFT calculations were performed that provided detailed insight into its complex cyclisation mechanism. Enzyme engineering through site‐directed mutagenesis gave access to a high‐yielding enzyme variant that provided six additional minor products and the main product in sufficient quantities to study its chemistry.
Performance of minerals and crystallization properties of synthetic slags with various CaO/MgO in slagging gasifiers
Authors: Wang Jiajian , Liu Xia , Raheem Abdul , Cao Xi , Wei Juntao , Wu Hao , Yu Guangsuo
Published: November 2022

The fluidity of coal ash slag at high temperatures is an important factor that determines its applicability and operating conditions in entrained flow gasification. In this study, six synthetic slags with different CaO/MgO rations were prepared to study their effect on slag fluidity. The results showed that the flow temperature of slags decreased first and then increased with the decrease of CaO/MgO ratio. When the slag had a high or low CaO/MgO ratio, or when the contents of CaO and MgO in the slag were similar, the homogeneous slag showed a lower viscosity. The crystallization tendency of Ca was stronger than that of Mg. During cooling, slags with high or low CaO/MgO ratio showed obvious crystallization tendency, and formation of crystals would lead to a sharp increase in slag viscosity, so that the temperature of critical viscosity of slags decreased first and then increased with the decrease of CaO/MgO ratio.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR Classification Criteria for Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Ponte Cristina , Grayson Peter C. , Robson Joanna C. , Suppiah Ravi , Gribbons Katherine Bates , Judge Andrew , Craven Anthea , Khalid Sara , Hutchings Andrew , Watts Richard A. , Merkel Peter A. , Luqmani Raashid A. ,   for the DCVAS Study Group
Published: November 2022

Objective

To develop and validate updated classification criteria for giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods

Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 6 phases: 1) identification of candidate items, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) expert panel review of cases, 4) data‐driven reduction of candidate items, 5) derivation of a points‐based risk classification score in a development data set, and 6) validation in an independent data set.

Results

The development data set consisted of 518 cases of GCA and 536 comparators. The validation data set consisted of 238 cases of GCA and 213 comparators. Age ≥50 years at diagnosis was an absolute requirement for classification. The final criteria items and weights were as follows: positive temporal artery biopsy or temporal artery halo sign on ultrasound (+5); erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥50 mm/hour or C‐reactive protein ≥10 mg/liter (+3); sudden visual loss (+3); morning stiffness in shoulders or neck, jaw or tongue claudication, new temporal headache, scalp tenderness, temporal artery abnormality on vascular examination, bilateral axillary involvement on imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography activity throughout the aorta (+2 each). A patient could be classified as having GCA with a cumulative score of ≥6 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the model area under the curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.88–0.94) with a sensitivity of 87.0% (95% CI 82.0–91.0%) and specificity of 94.8% (95% CI 91.0–97.4%).

Conclusion

The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR GCA classification criteria are now validated for use in clinical research.
On the modeling of dependence between univariate Lévy wear processes and impact on the reliability function
Authors: Mercier Sophie , Verdier Ghislain
Published: November 2022

Univariate Lévy processes have become quite common in the reliability literature for modeling accumulative deterioration. In case of correlated deterioration indicators, several possibilities have been suggested for modeling their dependence. The point of this article is the study of three different dependence models: use of a regular copula, superposition of independent univariate Lévy processes and use of a Lévy copula. The three methods are first presented and analyzed. In this way, it is shown that the multivariate process constructed through an ordinary copula cannot have independent increments in general, that is, it is not a Lévy process. The impact of a wrong choice for the model is next explored, based on data simulated from one model and next adjusted to all three models. It is shown that a wrong model can lead to either overestimate or underestimate the reliability function, which could be problematic in an application context.
Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children
Authors: Karavallil Achuthan Smitha , Coburn Kelly L. , Beckerson Meagan E. , Kana Rajesh K.
Published: November 2022

Resting state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs‐fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 ± 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non‐autistic, mean age = 9.02 ± 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole‐brain & network‐levels. A two‐sampled t‐test and a 2 Group (autistic, non‐autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole‐brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network‐level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task‐level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature.
Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Sun Jichang , Liu Huaiyin , Wang Rui , Liu Chuanbang , Zhao Yang , Li Junwei , Zheng Yun , Rui Xianhong
Published: November 2022

Due to the high theoretical lithium storage capacity and moderate voltage platform, silicon is expected to substitute graphite and serves as the most promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, substantial volume change during cycling subjects the silicon anode to electrode pulverization and conductive network damage, extensively limiting its commercial purpose. Strategies, such as alloying, nano‐crystallization, and compositing, are developed against these problems. This review introduces the attractive alloying modification method and summarizes the recent advances in microstructure‐engineered silicon alloy anodes for LIBs. The electrochemical performances of silicon alloy anodes with various morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, two‐dimensional layered structures, porous structures, and thin films, are discussed in detail. The challenges for the commercial application of silicon alloy anodes are elaborated in the end. This review provides a comprehensive overview and concerns of microstructure‐engineered silicon alloy anodes for potential applications in LIBs.
Meta‐informational cue inconsistency and judgment of information accuracy: Spotlight on intelligence analysis
Authors: Mandel David R. , Irwin Daniel , Dhami Mandeep K. , Budescu David V.
Published: November 2022

Meta‐information is information about information that can be used as cues to guide judgments and decisions. Three types of meta‐information that are routinely used in intelligence analysis are source reliability, information credibility, and classification level. The first two cues are intended to speak to information quality (in particular, the probability that the information is accurate), and classification level is intended to describe the information's security sensitivity. Two experiments involving professional intelligence analysts (N = 25 and 27, respectively) manipulated meta‐information in a 6 (source reliability) × 6 (information credibility) × 2 (classification) repeated‐measures design. Ten additional items were retested to measure intra‐individual reliability. Analysts judged the probability of information accuracy based on its meta‐informational profile. In both experiments, the judged probability of information accuracy was sensitive to ordinal position on the scales and the directionality of linguistic terms used to anchor the levels of the two scales. Directionality led analysts to group the first three levels of each scale in a positive group and the fourth and fifth levels in a negative group, with the neutral term “cannot be judged” falling between these groups. Critically, as reliability and credibility cue inconsistency increased, there was a corresponding decrease in intra‐analyst reliability, interanalyst agreement, and effective cue utilization. Neither experiment found a significant effect of classification on probability judgments.
A comprehensive study on the electronic structure, dielectric and optical properties of alkali‐earth metals and transition metal hydroxides M(OH)2
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Kumar Pushpendra , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: November 2022

In the present work, the physical properties of alkali‐earth metal and transition metal hydroxides are comprehensively investigated using the density functional theory. Here, the alkali‐earth metals Ca, Mg, and transition metals Cd, Zn are considered from the II‐A and II‐B groups in the periodic table of elements. The first principle electronic structure calculations show that these bulk hydroxide materials are direct band gap material. Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 exhibit an insulating behavior with a very large band gap. However, Cd(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are found to be wide band gap semiconductors. The dielectric and optical studies reveal that these materials have a high degree of anisotropy. Hence, the light propagation in these materials behaves differently in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the optical axis, and exhibits birefringence. Therefore, these materials may be useful for optical communication. The calculated electron energy loss suggests that these materials can also be used for unwanted signal noise suppression. The wide band gap makes them useful for high‐power applications. Moreover, Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 are found to be suitable for dielectric medium.
Virtual mimic of lab experiment using the computer‐based Aspen Plus® Sensitivity Analysis Tool to boost the attainment of experiment's learning outcomes and mitigate potential pandemic confinements
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A.
Published: November 2022

The computer‐based Aspen Plus® Sensitivity Analysis Tool (APSAT) was used as a virtual environment to mimic a gas absorption lab experiment in the Unit Operations Lab within the curriculum for the Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering at Qatar University. A pool of 35 students enrolled in three lab sections was utilized. The approach was applied in three stages to foster the attainment of the learning outcomes of the experiment by testing and evaluating some parameters that cannot be examined using the physical lab equipment. Results show that the approach helped the students gain a profound understanding and address conceptual mistakes while discussing the results of the APSAT outputs. Students who were engaged in the APSAT activity demonstrated a strong interest in this approach. This approach can be implemented to facilitate the teaching of lab courses. Furthermore, it is a practical choice to optimize the resources and a good substitute for lab experiments in case of any pandemic, confinement or interest in testing the effects of hazardous conditions to ensure sustaining the learning outcomes from corresponding experiments.
Relationship between active seniors’ job change and life satisfaction: Serial multiple mediation effects of person–job fit and job satisfaction
Authors: Choi Jeehyun , Oh Jihye , Kim Junhee
Published: November 2022

With older workers staying in or re‐entering the workforce post‐retirement, there has been growing interest in the aging workforce. This study examines how active seniors’ job changes impact life satisfaction through person–job fit and job satisfaction. Drawing on conservation of resources, person–job fit, and spillover theories, we developed and tested a serial multiple mediation model on 2183 active seniors using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study data. The results of PROCESS macro analysis showed that (a) job change negatively affects life satisfaction, (b) both person–job fit and job satisfaction parallelly mediate the job change and life satisfaction relationship, and (c) there is a serial multiple mediation effect of person–job fit and job satisfaction on the job change and life satisfaction relationship. Our study reveals the link between work and nonwork domains as informed by the three theories, extends the existing literature on life satisfaction from a bottom‐up perspective, and considers cultural characteristics.
Countrywide “best buy” interventions for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control in countries with different level of socioeconomic development
Authors: Khaltaev Nikolai , Axelrod Svetlana
Published: November 2022

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on populations globally and in particular, on lower‐income countries (LIC). WHO identified a package of 16 “best buy” lifestyle and management interventions that are cost‐effective and applicable in all settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare NCD risk factors in all WHO countries and make preliminary assessment of “best buy” interventions.

Methods

Risk factors estimation was made in 188 countries. NCD attributable “best buys” concern tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. Management issues are based on the availability of the national NCD guidelines and provision of drug therapy.

Results

Every fourth adult in high‐income countries (HIC) has raised blood pressure (RBP). Prevalence of RBP in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMIC) and LIC is 22%–23% (HIC/LMIC: t = 3.12, p < 0.01). Prevalence of diabetes in LIC is less than half of that in HIC and upper‐middle‐income countries (UMIC) UMIC/LIC: t = 8.37, p < 0.001. Obesity prevalence is gradually decreasing from HIC to LIC (HIC/LIC: t = 11.48, p < 0.001). Highest level of physical inactivity is seen in HIC, which then gradually declines to LIC (17%). Tobacco prevalence in LIC is almost less than half of that in HIC and UMIC (HIC/LIC: t = 7.2, p < 0.0001). There is a gradual decline in the implementation of “best buys” from HIC to LIC.

Conclusion

Wealthier countries have better implementation of the WHO NCD prevention strategy.
Heterogeneous Azeotropic Extractive Coupled Heat Pump Distillation for Triethylamine‐Dichloromethane‐Acetone‐Water
Authors: Yang Deming , Yun Yi , Wan Dehao , Yang Shuzhuang
Published: November 2022

There are three kinds of binary azeotropes and one kind of a near‐boiling compound with clamping zone characteristics in the triethylamine‐dichloromethane‐acetone‐water system, which belongs to complex quaternary systems. A four‐column distillation process of heterogeneous azeotropic extraction for the separation of the system was designed, simulated, and optimized to obtain more suitable process parameters and energy consumption distribution of each column. On this basis, taking the total annual cost (TAC) as the comprehensive economic evaluation index and CO2 emission as the environmental evaluation index, the thermal integration technology and mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) heat pump technology were applied to the energy‐saving research of the distillation process for the system. The results indicate that compared with the conventional four‐column heterogeneous azeotropic extractive distillation process, the thermal integration distillation process and single‐column MVR heat pump coupled thermal integration distillation process can save energy consumption and TAC, and it can reduce CO2 emission.
Bis(Vinylenedithio)‐Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Coordination Networks
Authors: Solano Federica , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Olejniczak Iwona , Barszcz Bolesław , Runka Tomasz , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric , Avarvari Narcis , Zigon Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Novel coordination polymers embedding electroactive moieties present a high interest in the development of porous conducting materials. While tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) based metal‐organic frameworks were reported to yield through‐space conducting frameworks, the use of S‐enriched scaffolds remains elusive in this field. Herein is reported the employment of bis(vinylenedithio)‐tetrathiafulvalene (BVDT‐TTF) functionalized with pyridine coordinating moieties in coordination polymers. Its combination with various transition metals yielded four isostructural networks, whose conductivity increased upon chemical oxidation with iodine. The oxidation was confirmed in a single‐crystal to single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment for the Cd(II) coordination polymer. Raman spectroscopy measurements and DFT calculations confirmed the oxidation state of the bulk materials, and band structure calculations assessed the ground state as an electronically localized antiferromagnetic state, while the conduction occurs in a 2D manner. These results are shedding light to comprehend how to improve through‐space conductivity thanks to sulfur enriched ligands.
Probing a General Strategy to Break the C−C Bond of Benzene by a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Aluminyl Anion
Authors: Xu Fangzhou , Zhu Jun
Published: November 2022

The oxidative addition of C−C bonds in aromatic hydrocarbons by low valent main group species has attracted considerable attention from both theoretical and experimental chemists due to the big challenge in breaking their aromaticity. Herein, a general strategy to break the C−C bonds in benzene by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)aluminyl anion is demonstrated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results suggest that the activation of the C−C bond of benzene by this anion is both kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable whereas introducing electron‐withdrawing groups makes such C−C bond activation becomes favorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. Such a sharp change on the kinetics and thermodynamics could be rationalized by the frontier molecular orbital theory by decreasing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the mono‐ and disubstituted benzenes. Aromaticity is found to stabilize the transition state for the ring open step. All these findings can help develop the chemistry of small‐molecule activation.
Hybrid Tamil spell checker with combined character splitting
Authors: Sampath Anbukkarasi , Shanmugavel Varadhaganapathy
Published: November 2022

Spell checker is the application, which helps in finding the spelling errors in a given text. Applications like word processors, mails, search engines, speech recognition and social media forums need these kinds of spell checking tools to increase the correctness of the system. Spell checking is completely implemented in languages such as English, French, and Chinese. But as far as Indian regional languages is concerned, very few works have been carried out, that too partially. Tamil is one such Indian regional language, which requires a fully implemented spell checking application as many people started using this language in social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter. Spelling errors fall on different categories in Tamil language, which involves Sandhi errors, Homophone errors (Mayangoli), and misspelt words error. To tackle all these errors, a new ensemble approach is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach consists of Levenshtein's edit distance algorithm, rule‐based algorithm, Soundex algorithm along with LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model. We have used a special feature called combine character splitting of Tamil alphabets for feeding the LSTM model to improve the performance of the system. Proposed system produced an accuracy of 95.67%, which is approved by the Tamil scholar.
Lewis Acidity Trend of Boron and Aluminium Trihalides: If Not π Back‐Bonding, What Else?**
Authors: Thayyil Ashith , Parambil Priyakumari Chakkingal
Published: November 2022

Lewis acidity trend of boron trihalides is a subject that has received a variety of explanations, and still, the simple π back‐bonding based one is believed by most, perhaps because of its simplicity, irrespective of opposing findings. Herein we try to give an alternative explanation based on qualitative Molecular Orbital (MO) theory and support that quantitatively by Generalized Kohn‐Sham Energy Decomposition Analysis. While the role of orbital overlap on the orbital interaction energy is widely known, the role of electronegativity of the atoms involved is often overlooked. Here we find that the Lewis acidity trend of boron and aluminium halides can be explained by the Wolfsberg‐Helmholz (W−H) formula for resonance integral. The MO theory‐based predictions are valid only when the orbital interactions are strong enough. In weakly interacting systems, the effect of orbital interactions can be overshadowed by other effects such as Pauli repulsion, dispersion, etc. Thus the Lewis acidity trend of boron and aluminium halides can vary depending on the strength of the interacting Lewis base. We believe that this work would enable one to gain a better understanding not only on the Lewis acidity of boron trihalides and its heavy analogs but also on a variety of related problems such as the stronger π acidity of CS compared to CO and weaker π bonding between heavy atoms.
Efficient Electrotransformation of Bacillus thuringiensis for Gene Manipulation and Expression
Authors: Zegeye Ephrem Debebe , Aspholm Marina
Published: November 2022

Genetic manipulation of Bacillus spp., such as B. thuringiensis and B. cereus, is laborious and time consuming due to challenges in transformation of the plasmid DNA construct. Larger shuttle plasmids, such as pMAD, that are commonly used in markerless gene replacement are particularly difficult to transform into Bacillus spp. Here, we present robust protocols that work efficiently for the transformation of both small and large plasmid constructs into B. thuringiensis. Our protocols involve preparation of efficient electrocompetent Bacillus cells by cultivating the cells in the presence of a cell wall–weakening agent, followed by washing the cells with optimized solutions. The protocols further highlight the importance of using unmethylated plasmid DNA for the efficient transformation of B. thuringiensis. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of electrocompetent B. thuringiensis

Basic Protocol 2: Transformation of B. thuringiensis
Tough places and safe spaces: Can refuges save salmon from a warming climate?
Authors: Snyder Marcía N. , Schumaker Nathan H. , Dunham Jason B. , Ebersole Joseph L. , Keefer Matthew L. , Halama Jonathan , Comeleo Randy L. , Leinenbach Peter , Brookes Allen , Cope Ben , Wu Jennifer , Palmer John
Published: November 2022

The importance of thermal refuges in a rapidly warming world is particularly evident for migratory species, where individuals encounter a wide range of conditions throughout their lives. In this study, we used a spatially explicit, individual‐based simulation model to evaluate the buffering potential of cold‐water thermal refuges for anadromous salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) migrating upstream through a warm river corridor that can expose individuals to physiologically stressful temperatures. We considered upstream migration in relation to migratory phenotypes that were defined in terms of migration timing, spawn timing, swim speed, and use of cold‐water thermal refuges. Individuals with different migratory phenotypes migrated upstream through riverine corridors with variable availability of cold‐water thermal refuges and mainstem temperatures. Use of cold‐water refuges (CWRs) decreased accumulated sublethal exposures to physiologically stressful temperatures when measured in degree‐days above 20, 21, and 22°C. The availability of CWRs was an order of magnitude more effective in lowering accumulated sublethal exposures under current and future mainstem temperatures for summer steelhead than fall Chinook Salmon. We considered two emergent model outcomes, survival and percent of available energy used, in relation to thermal heterogeneity and migratory phenotype. Mean percent energy loss attributed to future warmer mainstem temperatures was at least two times larger than the difference in energy used in simulations without CWRs for steelhead and salmon. We also found that loss of CWRs reduced the diversity of energy‐conserving migratory phenotypes when we examined the variability in entry timing and travel time outside of CWRs in relation to energy loss. Energy‐conserving phenotypic space contracted by 7%–23% when CWRs were unavailable under the current thermal regime. Our simulations suggest that, while CWRs do not entirely mitigate for stressful thermal exposures in mainstem rivers, these features are important for maintaining a diversity of migration phenotypes. Our study suggests that the maintenance of diverse portfolios of migratory phenotypes and cool‐ and cold‐water refuges might be added to the suite of policies and management actions presently being deployed to improve the likelihood of Pacific salmonid persistence into a future characterized by climate change.
Influence of Coordination Geometry on the Ring Opening of Benzoxazine: Oxidovanadium(V), Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) and Dioxidotungsten(VI) Complexes of Benzoxazine Based Ligands and their Bio Inspired Catalytic Applications
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Kumar Naveen , Maurya Shailendra K. , Avecilla Fernando
Published: November 2022

Mono benzoxazine appended N‐capped amino bis(disubstitutedphenol) ligands [II(a–c)] upon reaction with VVO(OEt)3 in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in EtOH/MeOH give [{VVO}en(3,5‐dtbb)3] (1), [{VVO}en(3‐tb,5‐mb)3] (2) and [{VVO}en(3,5‐dmb)3] (3). During the reaction, the benzoxazine ring opens with the loss of methylene group and the newly formed ligands, N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐disubstitutedbenzyl)‐N’‐2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐disubstituted benzyledene‐1,2‐diaminoethane [III(a–c)], behave as tribasic pentadentate in these complexes. Under similar conditions, when [MVIO2(acac)2] (M=Mo or W; Hacac=acetylacetone) reacts with II(a–c), these ligands retain their identity and form cis‐[MVIO2] complexes, [{MoVIO2}{en(3,5‐dtbb)2(6,8‐dtbbenzox)}] (4), [{MoVIO2}{en(3‐tb,5‐mb)2(6‐tb,8‐mbbenzox)}] (5) and [{MoVIO2}{en(3,5‐dmb)2(6,8‐dmbenzox)}] (6), [{WVIO2}{en(3,5‐dtbb)2(6,8‐dtbbenzox)}] (7), and [{WVIO2}{en(3‐tb,5‐mb)2(6‐tb,8‐mbbenzox)}] (8). However, the benzoxazine ring ruptures in case of ligand IIc under these conditions and form [{WVIO2}{en(3,5‐dmb)3}] (10), similar to complexes 1–3. Complex [{WVIO2}{en(3,5‐dmb)2(6,8‐dmbenzox)}] (9), having structure similar to 4–8, could only be obtained when the reaction was carried out in toluene. Not only 9, even complexes 4–8 can be isolated in toluene. Rupturing of both benzoxazine rings has also been experienced when ligands 1,2‐bis(6,8‐disubstitutedbenzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐3(4H)‐yl)ethane [I(a–c)] react with [MVIO2(acac)2] (M=Mo or W) in MeOH and give salan type complexes [(MVIO2)en(3,5‐dtbb)2] [M=Mo (11), M=W (14)], [(MVIO2)en(3‐tb,5‐mb)4] [M=Mo (12), M=W (15)] and [(MVIO2)en(3,5‐dmb)4] [M=Mo (13), M=W (16)]. Complexes 1–9 have been used as catalyst for the multicomponent Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones (DHPMs) and oxidative bromination of phenol derivatives.
Nutritional Aspects of Vegetable Oils: Refined or Unrefined?
Authors: Hashempour‐Baltork Fataneh , Farshi Parastou , Alizadeh Adel Mirza , Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Torbati Mohammadali
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, increase in a health‐conscious population, interest in the nutritional properties and bioactive components of foods has also increased. Vegetable oils can be consumed in both virgin and refined forms, but there is a growing interest in the consumption of virgin oils as functional foods. Refining includes the elimination of unwanted components while maintaining essential elements. However, due to severe conditions such as high temperatures and harsh chemicals of the refining process, removal of desirable components and formation of unwanted components are sometimes unavoidable, which can cause serious health issues. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of nutritional and health aspects of refined and unrefined vegetable oils. Their role in causing several diseases and health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, liver disorders, renal disorders, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, allergies, and edema are investigated. Moreover, it is known that virgin oils have beneficial effects on gut microbiota which affect the nervous system and body health, as well as regulating inflammatory and metabolic changes; thus, including virgin oils in the diet is highly suggested. This review is a comprehensive collection of reports on the impact of refining on the nutritional and health effects of vegetable oils.
Social dominance and anti‐immigrant prejudice: A cross‐national and prospective test of the mediating role of assimilation, multiculturalism, colour blindness, and interculturalism
Authors: Wollast Robin , Lüders Adrian , Nugier Armelle , Khamzina Kamilla , de la Sablonnière Roxane , Guimond Serge
Published: November 2022

Decades of research have shown that social dominance orientation (SDO) is one of the most important predictors of anti‐immigrant attitudes. However, the mechanisms through which SDO can explain prejudice have been studied insufficiently. Using rich and diverse samples from France and from the province of Québec in Canada, the present research provides a cross‐national (N= 1,852) and prospective (N= 534) analysis of a theoretical model in which the dimensions of SDO are indirectly predicting anti‐immigrant prejudice via the intergroup ideologies of assimilation, multiculturalism, colour blindness and interculturalism. Results showed that interculturalism, a hierarchy‐attenuating ideology was found to be a robust mechanism to explain the subtle effects of SDO‐E on anti‐immigrant prejudice whereas assimilation, a hierarchy‐enhancing ideology was playing a more important role to explain direct and blatant effects of SDO‐D on prejudice. The two most studied diversity approaches, multiculturalism and colour blindness, were largely redundant once interculturalism was considered. This pattern occurred in both France and Québec hence, favouring the context‐independent pathway.
An IIoT based secure and sustainable smart supply chain system using sensor networks
Authors: Singh Samayveer , Kumar Mohit , Verma Om Prakash , Kumar Rajeev , Gill Sukhpal Singh
Published: November 2022

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a very effective and efficient way to track products during their production, packaging, storage, and shipments. It can also help in monitoring their real‐time conditions such as location, speed of moments, and temperature. Presently most of the supply chain management systems are not effective due to their inefficient tracking of real‐time shipments, long delays in shipments and lost identification on a real‐time basis, and uneconomical storage of goods. To solve these problems, an IoT‐based secure and sustainable smart supply chain system using sensor networks is proposed that provides real‐time shipment tracking, storage, delay, and lost identification. Threshold‐based weighted probability formula is devised by considering the average distance and node spacing of sensor nodes, total network energy, residual, and maximum energy parameters to alleviate the hot spot problem. Additionally, the communication signals are transmitted in compression form with end‐to‐end encryption that reduces the use of bandwidth by decreasing the signal size. The percentage increment in the stability and the network lifespan of the proposed method is 35.19% and 7.23% & 119.33% and 71.72% as compared to the T. Senthil et al method and S. Singh's method, respectively.