bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation Balance between Man’s Need and Ecological Functions in Ajei Forest Area, Momo Division, Cameroon
Authors: Mofor Gilbert Zechia , Neo Kougoum Piebeng Ghiaslain , Ajoh Asagaya Mac Junior
Published: June 2022

Understanding the place of man in the ecology range has always been an important issue in geography. Most humans depend on agriculture and natural resources for their livelihoods. Owing to this relationship, most salient consequences trigger disconnects between man and ecological services. This paper examines the contribution of land use patterns on the improvement of human needs and ecological services in Ajei forest area. The methodology consisted of primary and secondary data: questionnaires, focus groups and interviews. Landsat Satellite Images (LANDSAT, 1986,2020 and ASTER, 2003, 2007 and 2020) were used respectively. Secondary data were sourced from diverse specific literature backgrounds. The data gotten were analyzed using descriptive approach, presented in the form of graphs. Findings revealed that, in Ajie area, man highly depends on diverse resources for survival. Land use indicators further show that: agriculture (37.4%) is the principal drive of land use patterns followed by population growth (31.3%), settlement (10%), knowledge on increased ecological conservation (8.3%), accessibility (8%) and knowledge on increase deforestation (5.1%) while government, traditional establishments, NGOs and individual, were the main local pro-conservative minded stakeholders. In spite of the above pointers, there were land use challenges faced by the community which consisted of topography variations, slope steepness, institutional disparity, socio-economic and environmental constraints. The paper suggests that, to attain a balance between man and ecological functions, there is a need to embrace a veritable conservation tactics by both stakeholders: a more comprehensive ecosystem management strategy. Implement land-use and land-management practices that are compatible with the natural and potential of the area, while emphasizing much more concern on adaptive management approach.
Impact of Supply Chain Integration, Supply Chain Responsiveness, and Innovation Capability on Operational Performance in Era Covid-19
Authors: Siagian Hotlan , Johono Dillwyn Felix
Published: June 2022

The study investigated the influence of supply chain integration on operational performance through supply chain responsiveness and innovation capability. Data collection used a questionnaire designed with a 7-point Likert scale in Google Form and printed format. The questionnaire is distributed through social media, email, WhatsApp, and mail posts. The sampling method uses probability sampling technique utilizing online software https://numbergenerator.org/. Of the 266 population of food and beverage companies in East Java, as many as 140 samples were selected. Data analysis used the partial least square technique (PLS) utilizing SmarrtPLS Version 3.0 software. The analysis results showed that the nine hypotheses formulated were empirically and significantly supported. Supply chain integration affects supply chain responsiveness, innovation capability, and operational performance. In addition, supply chain responsiveness and innovation capability positively affect operational performance. This study's exciting and new findings are the mediating role of supply chain responsiveness and innovation capability. This result offers solutions to practitioners to build supply chain integration, supply chain responsiveness, and innovation capability to improve operational performance. The theoretical contribution of this research is mainly in the mediating role of supply chain responsiveness and innovation capability on the influence of supply chain integration on operational performance.
Effect of Supplier Collaboration on Company Performance through Lean Manufacture and Inventory Control
Authors: Riofiandi Dherma , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: June 2022

This study examined how supplier collaboration practices can affect company performance through the mediation of lean manufacturing and inventory control in the context of Java, Indonesia. The mediating effect of lean manufacturing and inventory control on the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance was investigated. This survey was collected among 88 manufacturing companies on the island of Java, which are engaged in the chemical and chemical goods sector and the non-metallic minerals industry. Validity and reliability analysis and structural equation modeling to test hypotheses using smartPLS software. This study reveals that supplier collaboration practices positively and significantly affect company performance. In addition, it also found that inventory control positively and significantly mediates the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. In contrast, lean manufacturing does not significantly mediate the relationship between supplier collaboration practices and company performance. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mediation effect in the practice of inventory control and lean manufacturing on the company performance-supplier collaboration relationship. Company leaders also gain insight on how to collaborate with suppliers to help companies implement more efficient business practices by making continuous improvements and always maintaining inventory levels so that companies can improve their performance.
Erythematous Plaque on the Lower Extremity of an Older Adult Man
Authors: Marín-Piñero Dídac , Quintana-Codina Monica , Fernández-Figueras María Teresa
Published: June 2022

A man in his early 70s presented with a 2-year history of a mildly pruritic, erythematous, gradually enlarging lesion on his left calf with no identifiable cause. What is your diagnosis?
Odor identification predicts the transition of patients with isolated RBD: A retrospective study
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Masayuki
Published: June 2022

Introduction

To determine if the severity of olfactory dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) predicts conversion to Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods

Olfaction was tested using the Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐J) in 155 consecutive patients with polysomnography‐confirmed IRBD and 34 healthy controls. IRBD patients were followed up for 5.8 ± 3.2 (range 0.2–11) years. Thirty‐eight patients underwent repeat UPSIT‐J evaluation at 2.7 ± 1.3 years after the baseline test.

Results

UPSIT‐J score was lower in IRBD patients than in age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff score of 22.5 in UPSIT‐J discriminated between IRBD patients and controls with a sensitivity of 94.3% and specificity of 81.8%. Anosmia (UPSIT‐J score < 19) was present in 54.2% of IRBD patients. In total, 42 patients developed a neurodegenerative disease, of whom 17 had PD, 22 DLB, and 3 MSA. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the short‐term risk of Lewy body disease (LBD) was higher in patients with anosmia than in those without anosmia. At baseline, the UPSIT‐J score was similar between patients who developed PD and DLB (p = 0.136). All three IRBD patients (100%) who developed MSA did not have anosmia.

Conclusions

In IRBD patients, anosmia predicts a higher short‐term risk of transition to LBD but cannot distinguish between PD and DLB. At baseline, preserved odor identification may occur in latent MSA. Future IRBD neuroprotective trials should evaluate anosmia as a marker of prodromal LBD.
Modifiable potential risk factors in familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Soppela Helmi , Katisko Kasper , Gadola Yasmine , Krüger Johanna , Hartikainen Päivi , Alberici Antonella , Benussi Alberto , Koivisto Anne , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Remes Anne M , Borroni Barbara , Solje Eino
Published: June 2022

Objective

Only a few studies have evaluated modifiable risk factors for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we evaluated several modifiable factors and their association with disease phenotype, genotype, and prognosis in a large study population including Finnish and Italian patients with FTD and control groups.

Methods

In this case–control study, we compared the presence of several cardiovascular and other lifestyle‐related diseases and education between Finnish and Italian patients with familial (n = 376) and sporadic (n = 654) FTD, between different phenotypes of FTD, and between a subgroup of Finnish FTD patients (n = 221) and matched Finnish patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 214) and cognitively healthy controls (HC) (n = 100).

Results

Patients with sporadic FTD were less educated (p = 0.042, B = ‐0.560, 95% CI −1.101 to −0.019) and had more heart diseases (p < 0.001, OR = 2.265, 95% CI 1.502–3.417) compared to patients with familial FTD. Finnish FTD patients were less educated (p = 0.032, B = 0.755, 95% CI 0.064–1.466) compared with AD patients. The Finnish FTD group showed lower prevalence of hypertension than the HC group (p = 0.003, OR = 2.162, 95% CI 1.304–3.583) and lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia than in the HC group (p < 0.001, OR = 2.648, 95%CI 1.548–4.531) or in the AD group (p < 0.001, OR = 1.995, 95% CI 1.333–2.986). Within the FTD group, clinical phenotypes also differed regarding education and lifestyle‐related factors.

Interpretation

Our study suggests distinct profiles of several modifiable factors in the FTD group depending on the phenotype and familial inheritance history and that especially sporadic FTD may be associated with modifiable risk factors.
Elucidating Reaction Pathways of the CO2 Electroreduction via Tailorable Tortuosities and Oxidation States of Cu Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Adesina Peace , Nasiri Noushin , Wang Haojing , Sheng Yuan , Wu Shuyang , Kraft Markus , Lapkin Alexei A. , Ager Joel W. , Xu Rong
Published: June 2022

Copper‐based 3D fractal nanostructures are integrated on the electrodes using a scalable and ink‐free flame aerosol synthesis technique for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The effects of tortuosity and oxidation state of copper are respectively investigated by isolating each effect from the others. By balancing the intermediate confinement and local availability of CO2, CuO‐derived Cu with optimal tortuosity exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 65% toward C2+ products at an applied potential of −1.04 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A subsequent study of the effects of the oxidation state, which is free from the influence of tortuosity, reveals that Cu2+‐derived Cu demonstrates suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction and a higher C2+/CH4 ratio than metallic Cu. The preference for the formation of both ethanol and n‐propanol versus ethylene, is found to follow the trend from metallic Cu > Cu2+‐derived Cu > Cu+‐derived Cu toward alcohols’ formation. These findings elucidate the underlying causes for the effects of tortuosity of porous Cu electrodes on selectivity and provide insights into the specific effects of the initial oxidation state on various reaction pathways during electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Triple Coupled Ring‐Core Fiber with Dual Highly Dispersive Windows for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode
Authors: Geng Wenpu , Bao Changjing , Zhang Lin , Fang Yuxi , Wang Yingning , Wang Zhi , Liu Weiwei , Ren Yongxiong , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: June 2022

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, featured by the helical phase front and doughnut intensity profile, have been demonstrating great potential for various applications. Ring‐core optical fiber is also experimentally proven to be an effective waveguide for OAM mode. In general, managing the chromatic dispersion in the optical fiber is important for a wide range of applications. In this article, a highly dispersive germanium‐doped ring‐core fiber with dual selectable operating windows for OAM mode is proposed. The proposed fiber consists of three concentric high‐refractive‐index germanium‐doped rings with different mole fractions. The chromatic dispersion of the OAM1,1 mode in the ring fiber can be as low as −129 964 ps/(nm·km) at 1644.4 nm as the light launches into the fiber from the innermost ring and −270 017 ps/(nm·km) at 1651 nm as the light enters from the outermost ring. Furthermore, the effect of the geometrical and material parameters on chromatic dispersion for OAM1,1 mode is investigated. When the parameters of the innermost and outermost rings are varied separately, the corresponding operation windows are changed independently. An extremely negative dispersion for the OAM1,1 mode of −817 576 ps/(nm·km) can be achieved. This design can serve as a dispersive element in various OAM‐based optical fiber systems.
On the Interplay between CT and Singlet Exciton Emission in Organic Solar Cells with Small Driving Force and Its Impact on Voltage Loss
Authors: Fritsch Tobias , Kurpiers Jona , Roland Steffen , Tokmoldin Nurlan , Shoaee Safa , Ferron Thomas , Collins Brian A. , Janietz Silvia , Vandewal Koen , Neher Dieter
Published: June 2022

The interplay between free charge carriers, charge transfer (CT) states and singlet excitons (S1) determines the recombination pathway and the resulting open circuit voltage (VOC) of organic solar cells. By combining a well‐aggregated low bandgap polymer with different blend ratios of the fullerenes PCBM and ICBA, the energy of the CT state (ECT) is varied by 130 meV while leaving the S1 energy of the polymer () unaffected. It is found that the polymer exciton dominates the radiative properties of the blend when approaches , while the VOC remains limited by the non‐radiative decay of the CT state. It is concluded that an increasing strength of the exciton in the optical spectra of organic solar cells will generally decrease the non‐radiative voltage loss because it lowers the radiative VOC limit (VOC,rad), but not because it is more emissive. The analysis further suggests that electronic coupling between the CT state and the S1 will not improve the VOC, but rather reduce the VOC,rad. It is anticipated that only at very low CT state absorption combined with a fairly high CT radiative efficiency the solar cell benefit from the radiative properties of the singlet excitons.
Implementation of a novel digital ultrasound education tool into an emergency medicine rotation: UltrasoundBox
Authors: Perice Leland , Naraghi Leily , Likourezos Antonios , Singh Harpriya , Haines Lawrence
Published: June 2022

Objective

We investigated the educational value of implementing a web‐based e‐learning program into a medical student emergency medicine rotation. We created “UltrasoundBox,” a browser‐based application where students interpret ultrasound (US) images. Our goal was to assess how this form of e‐learning performs when compared to more passive, lecture‐based online US education. We also assessed the how the students interpreted the addition this learning modality to the rotation.

Methods

This is a randomized, controlled study to assess the educational outcomes of implementing UltrasoundBox compared to lecture‐based US education. Fourth‐year medical students on their emergency medicine rotation were enrolled in the study. Students randomized to the control arm were instructed to watch widely available educational lecture videos. Students randomized to the intervention arm received access to UltrasoundBox and were instructed to complete the clinical modules. Both groups completed the same standardized US examination before and after the trial. All the trial participants were given a survey to complete after the trial.

Results

We enrolled 42 students, with 23 in the control group and 19 in the intervention group. On the post‐intervention examination, the control and intervention groups were found to have mean examination scores of 61.6% and 73.6% respectively, with a statistically significant difference of 12% (95% confidence interval 1.611 to 5.56; p < 0.0005). A total of 92% of survey respondents in the intervention group indicated that UltrasoundBox was an effective tool in meeting the intended learning objectives, while only 36.8% of the control group indicated this for the online lectures (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

We found that medical students using the web‐based e‐learning platform UltrasoundBox achieved better scores on the examination when compared to the medical students using existing online lecture‐based US educational resources. The students reported that the addition of UltrasoundBox added educational value to the rotation.
Broadband Multiple Topological Rainbows
Authors: Elshahat Sayed , Esmail Mohamed Saleh M. , Yuan Hongyi , Feng Shuai , Lu Cuicui
Published: June 2022

Topological photonics offers enhanced control over electromagnetic fields by providing a platform for robust trapping and guiding topological states of light. The topological rainbow can separate and distribute different wavelengths of topological photonic states into different positions, but related topological devices have not yet been fully explored. In this work, topological rainbows are realized by inserting a sandwiched gradient structure in the topological waveguide to realize the topological edge states. A robust one‐way slow‐light coupling state is realized to broaden the frequency range of the formed topological rainbow with the robust transmission. Thus, multiple topological rainbows are realized by combining the topological property with immunity to backscattering and coupling states of the slow light. Accordingly, light can spread, separate, and thus be trapped at different positions in different directions. This work provides a new way to reconfigure the topological rainbow and brings opportunities to study nanophotonic topological devices.
Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover using twin‐screw extrusion under mild conditions
Authors: Elalami Doha , Aouine Mouna , Monlau Florian , Guillon Fabienne , Dumon Claire , Hernandez Raquet Guillermina , Barakat Abdellatif
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to investigate the effect of extrusion at high solid loading on corn stover (CS) properties and its enzymatic hydrolysis. This biomass was extruded under different screw speeds and different solid loadings and the impact of these parameters on the physicochemical properties was evaluated. It was found that lignocellulosic components were not significantly affected by the pretreatment, while the surface area increased with solid loading and rotation speed. Different enzyme cocktails were used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of extruded and untreated CS. Overall, mild twin‐extrusion enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of CS through an increase in glucose and xylose yields by 134–212% and 214–294%, respectively, when using Trichoderma longibrachiatum cellulase. The highest sugar content was obtained from CS extruded under 400 g total solids per liter and 200 rpm. The energy efficiency of the pretreatment was also assessed and was found to be maximal at 400 g total solids per liter and 200 rpm. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ecological perspective of student engagement through digital technology: Practical application and implications
Authors: Pepple Dennis Gabriel
Published: June 2022

Research into how student engagement can be influenced through digital technology has continued to be at the forefront of higher education debates. This is due to the technological advancements and the recent disruptions caused by the Covid‐19 lockdown, which have made it imperative for universities to adopt blended and online learning. Drawing on secondary data analysis of comments posted by 283 post‐graduate students on the Canvas site (a learning management system) used in a UK university, this study investigates how to influence student engagement using digital technology from an ecological perspective. The study contributes to the existing student engagement debate by providing useful planning and pedagogic considerations for influencing all dimensions of student engagement (behavioural, affective, social and cognitive). Academics may need to adopt a compassionate pedagogical stance where students can see the importance of helping their peers as a way of learning. This approach will help to build a community of online users where the discussion board is a rich source of learning materials developed by students for students.
Precision genome editing in plants using gene targeting and prime editing: existing and emerging strategies
Authors: Hassan Md Mahmudul , Yuan Guoliang , Liu Yang , Alam Mobashwer , Eckert Carrie A. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Golz John F. , Yang Xiaohan
Published: June 2022

Precise modification of plant genomes, such as seamless insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA sequences at a predefined site, is a challenging task. Gene targeting (GT) and prime editing are currently the best approaches for this purpose. However, these techniques are inefficient in plants, which limits their applications for crop breeding programs. Recently, substantial developments have been made to improve the efficiency of these techniques in plants. Several strategies, such as RNA donor templating, chemically modified donor DNA template, and tandem‐repeat homology‐directed repair, are aimed at improving GT. Additionally, improved prime editing gRNA design, use of engineered reverse transcriptase enzymes, and splitting prime editing components have improved the efficacy of prime editing in plants. These emerging strategies and existing technologies are reviewed along with various perspectives on their future improvement and the development of robust precision genome editing technologies for plants.
Nordic treatment guidelines for rare epileptic conditions: A literature review
Authors: Vyas Kishan , Luedke Hannah , Ruban‐Fell Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The onset of severe, drug‐resistant seizures in early childhood is characteristic of the rare epileptic disorders Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS), Dravet syndrome (DS), and CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) and is frequently observed in the rare genetic conditions tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and Rett syndrome (RTT). High‐quality treatment guidelines are needed for optimal management of these conditions. This review aimed to assess content, availability, and development of treatment guidelines for these disorders in the Nordics region (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden).

Methods

A targeted literature review (TLR) was therefore conducted in November/December 2020 by manually searching online rare disease and guideline databases in addition to relevant health technology assessment and regulatory agency websites to identify pharmacological treatment guidelines for DS, LGS, TSC, RTT, and CDD. Search terms for each disorder were translated to identify country‐specific guidelines. Treatment recommendations, geographical focus, and guideline development methodology was extracted into a predetermined extraction grid.

Results

Most of the 24 eligible guidelines identified (16/24; 66%) were specific to particular countries; Sweden was the most represented (7/24 [29%] guidelines), while no guidelines were identified for Iceland. Guideline development methodologies were heterogeneous, including systematic literature reviews/TLRs and expert consultation; several methodologies did not report details on the evidence sources used (7/24 [29%] guidelines). Treatment recommendation availability was variable across disorders, ranging from 126 treatment recommendations (LGS) to none (RTT, CDD).

Conclusion

Comprehensive, consensus‐based treatment guidance developed via international collaboration within the Nordics region is necessary to optimize patient care in these five rare epileptic conditions.
The defense of mental disorder and crimes against the person committed under the influence of cannabis: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Bernard‐Arevalo Simon‐Pierre , Dellazizzo Laura , Marceau Émilie , Dumais Alexandre
Published: June 2022

The legalization of cannabis raises many queries, one of which regards the criminal liability of users under the influence of cannabis when crimes against the person are committed. This perspective review consequently aims to examine the defense of mental disorder (also referred to as the insanity defense) in Canadian criminal law and revise court decisions involving cases with cannabis use rendered in the field between 1995 and 2021. The purpose was to specify the factors allowing Canadian criminal courts to grant or refuse the defense of mental disorder to help further operationalize the jurisprudential criteria for forensic practice. We noted that presence of a severe and persistent primary psychopathology was the most decisive factor when determining the verdict of the accused who consumed cannabis.
Hearing the Voice of the Child in Safeguarding Processes: Exploring Different Voices and Competing Narratives
Authors: Race Tracey , Frost Nick
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the findings of research about children's participation in child protection processes. Research was undertaken with young people who had recent involvement with safeguarding professionals. The study explored children's lived experience and perspectives and found that children feel capable of making a contribution, however, they are frustrated by experiences of exclusion and inequality and the limitations of their ability to influence process and outcomes.

The study further explored the perspectives of practitioners. Whilst professional commitment to child‐centred practice and effective safeguarding is unequivocal, the discourse of participation is characterised by ‘yes, but’. Insights emerged from the different voices and competing narratives of the central protagonists in the child protection process: children, social workers, chairs of case conferences and advocates. This paper examines how the child's right to involvement in safeguarding processes is understood and contributes to the evolving discourse about the importance of children's participation.
Shaping customer brand loyalty during the pandemic: The role of brand credibility, value congruence, experience, identification, and engagement
Authors: Rather Raouf Ahmad , Hollebeek Linda D. , VO‐THANH Tan , Ramkissoon Haywantee , Leppiman Anu , Smith Dale
Published: June 2022

While insight into consumer brand engagement, experience, and identification is rapidly developing, little remains known regarding the association of these, and related, concepts, as therefore explored in this article. Drawing on social identity theory and service‐dominant‐logic, this study develops and tests a model that explores the effect of customers' brand credibility, ‐value congruence, and ‐experience on their brand identification, and its subsequent effect on their brand advocacy, ‐attachment, and ‐loyalty. We also examine the potentially moderating role of consumers' engagement in affecting these relationships. To explore these issues, we collected tourist‐based survey data. To analyze the data, we used confirmatory factor analysis, followed by structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that brand value congruence, credibility, and experience exercise significant positive effects on customers' brand identification, which, in turn, impact their brand advocacy, attachment, and loyalty. Further, brand engagement is shown to moderate the association of these factors. We conclude by outlining key theoretical/practical implications that arise from this research.
Urban Green Infrastructure for Coping with Climate Extremes in Holguín: Ecological Engineering Solutions in the Cuban Context
Authors: Schneider Petra , Pilzecker Carsten , Reinstorf Frido
Published: June 2022

Nature can make important contributions to the mitigation of climate extremes through urban green infrastructure (UGI) as of nature‐based solutions (NbS). Ecosystem‐related planning methodologies are a comprehensive approach to foster sustainable development. Moreover, NbS contribute to land recycling and soil restoration, as well as wastewater purification and disaster risk reduction. In the frame of sustainable urbanization, NbS may support the water cycle restoration on all catchment scales, as well as the improvement of water quality. In addition, NbS generate further additional benefits like ecosystem services and can be considered more cost‐effective on the long term. The present contribution illustrates the options for the development of tailored UGI in the urban realm through a showcase from Holguín (Cuba) and the estimation of the respective ecosystem services net benefits using the i‐Tree software. Here, beside the development of an UGI potential map, three pilot sites are investigated to apply ecological engineering solutions.
Venous and arterial thrombosis associated with abemaciclib therapy for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Watson Nathan W. , Wander Seth A. , Shatzel Joseph J. , Al‐Samkari Hanny
Published: June 2022

Background

The CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib is a mainstay of treatment for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. However, increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates in multiple clinical trials resulted in a black‐box warning for this agent. Thrombosis rates in unselected real‐world populations receiving abemaciclib remain ill defined.

Methods

A multicenter observational cohort study was conducted of patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving abemaciclib. The primary end point was thrombosis during treatment or within 30 days of discontinuation. Multivariable logistic models assessed predictors of VTE, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model assessed mortality.

Results

A total of 364 patients were included, with a median treatment duration of 5.5 months. Twenty‐six patients developed 27 (7.4%) thrombotic events (17 VTE, nine arterial thrombosis, and one with both events). No baseline characteristics were associated with increased VTE risk in multivariable modeling. Patients developing VTE during therapy had a higher risk of death than those who did not (hazard ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.07–4.13). Median survival in patients who developed VTE compared with those who did not was 9.6 vs 25.8 months, respectively. The rate of VTE and any thrombosis during abemaciclib therapy was 9.1 and 13.7 events per 100 person‐years, respectively, which is notably higher than rates observed in clinical trials.

Conclusions

In a real‐world setting, abemaciclib was associated with a VTE rate approximately two‐fold greater than the already elevated rates reported in the MONARCH trials. Patients developing thrombosis on abemaciclib had a significantly higher risk of death. Given these findings, studies evaluating the role of thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving abemaciclib are needed.
The Contact Interface Engineering of All‐Sulfide‐Based Solid State Batteries via Infiltrating Dissoluble Sulfide Electrolyte
Authors: Xi Lei , Li Yu , Zhang Dechao , Liu Zhengbo , Xu Xijun , Liu Jun
Published: June 2022

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) are one of the most promising strategies for next‐generation energy storage systems and electronic devices. However, the poor chemical/electrochemical stability of sulfide SEs with oxide cathode materials and high interfacial impedance, particularly due to physical contact failure, are the major limiting factors to the development of sulfide SEs in ASSLBs. Herein, the composite cathode of MOF‐derived Fe7S8@C and Li6PS5Br fabricated by an infiltration method (IN–Fe7S8) with dissoluble sulfide electrolyte (dissoluble SE) is reported. Dissoluble SE can easily infiltrate the porous sheet‐type Fe7S8@C cathode to homogeneously contact with Fe7S8 nanoparticles that are embedded in the surrounding carbon matrixes and form a fast ionic transport network. Benefiting from applying dissoluble SE and Fe7S8@C, the IN‐Fe7S8‐based cells displayed a reversible capacity of 510 mAh g−1 after 180 cycles at 0.045 mA cm−2 at 30 °C. This work demonstrates a novel and practical method for the development of high‐performance all‐sulfide‐based solid state batteries.
Single‐Atom Lithiophilic Sites Confined within Ordered Porous Carbon for Ultrastable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Huang Wenzhong , Liu Shanlin , Yu Ruohan , Zhou Liang , Liu Zhenhui , Mai Liqiang
Published: June 2022

Attributing to the high specific capacity and low electrochemical reduction potential, lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most promising anode for high‐energy Li batteries. However, the growth of lithium dendrites and huge volume change seriously limit the development of lithium metal batteries. To overcome these challenges, an ordered mesoporous N‐doped carbon with lithiophilic single atoms is proposed to induce uniform nucleation and deposition of Li metal. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of interconnected three‐dimensional ordered mesoporous structures and abundant lithiophilic single‐atom sites, regulated local current density and rapid mass transfer can be achieved, leading to the uniform Li deposition with inhibition of dendrites and buffered volume expansion. As a result, the as‐fabricated anode exhibits a high CE of 99.8% for 200 cycles. A stable voltage hysteresis of 14 mV at 5 mA cm−2 could be maintained for more than 1330 h in the symmetric cell. Furthermore, the full cell coupled with commercial LiFePO4 exhibits high reversible capacity of 108 mAh g−1 and average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% from 5th to 350th cycles at 1 C. The ordered mesoporous carbon host with abundant lithiophilic single‐atom sites delivers new inspirations into rational design of high‐performance Li metal anodes.
Flow‐induced shear stress and deformation of a core–shell‐structured microcapsule in a microchannel
Authors: Hou Tuo , Ren Yong , Chan Yue , Wang Jing , Yan Yuying
Published: June 2022

A numerical model was developed and validated to investigate the fluid–structure interactions between fully developed pipe flow and core–shell‐structured microcapsule in a microchannel. Different flow rates and microcapsule shell thicknesses were considered. A sixth‐order rotational symmetric distribution of von Mises stress over the microcapsule shell can be observed on the microcapsule with a thinner shell configuration, especially at higher flow rate conditions. It is also observed that when being carried along in a fully developed pipe flow, the microcapsule with a thinner shell tends to accumulate stress at a higher rate compared to that with a thicker shell. In general, for the same microcapsule configuration, higher flow velocity would induce a higher stress level over the microcapsule shell. The deformation gradient was used to capture the microcapsule's deformation in the present study. The effect of Young's modulus on the microcapsule shell on the microcapsule deformation was investigated as well. Our findings will shed light on the understanding of the stability of core–shell‐structured microcapsule when subjected to flow‐induced shear stress in a microfluidic system, enabling a more exquisite control over the breakup dynamics of drug‐loaded microcapsule for biomedical applications.
Transition from pediatric to adult care among patients with epilepsy: Cross‐sectional surveys of experts and patients in Korea
Authors: Jung Seung Yeon , Yu Seung Woo , Lee Keon Su , Yi Yoon Young , Kang Joon Won
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Many pediatric patients with epilepsy require treatment beyond the pediatric age. These patients require transition to an adult epilepsy center. Currently, many centers worldwide run epilepsy transition programs. However, a standardized protocol does not exist in Korea. The basic data required to establish a transition program are also unavailable. We aimed to assess the status and perceptions of patients and epilepsy care providers on transition.

Methods

To assess the status of epilepsy transition, we retrospectively collected data from patients with epilepsy older than 18 years who visited our pediatric epilepsy clinic between March 1990 and July 2019. To assess the perception of transition, we surveyed patients, parents, pediatric neurologists (PN), and adult epileptologists (AE).

Results

In a retrospective chart review, 39 of 267 (14.6%) patients visited the adult epilepsy clinic after consulting a pediatric neurologist, and three patients returned to the pediatric center. The average patient age at transition was 23.29 ± 5.10 years. A total of 94 patients or their guardians and 100 experts participated in the survey. About half of the patients or guardians (44.7%) did not want to transition and emotional dependence was the commonest reason. Most patients (52.1%) thought that the appropriate age of transition was above 20 years. PNs had greater concerns about patients' compliance than AEs. Regarding the age of transition, AEs believed that a younger age (18 years) was more appropriate than PNs (20 years).

Significance

This study describes difficulties in the transition from pediatric to adult epilepsy centers without appropriate support. There were differences in perspectives among patients, parents, and adult and pediatric epilepsy care providers. This study can assist in creating a standardized protocol in Korea.
Psychophysiological interaction analysis for the detection of stimulus‐specific networks in reflex epilepsy
Authors: Zahnert Felix , Belke Marcus , Sommer Jens , Oesterle Julia , Möschl Vincent , Nimsky Christopher , Knake Susanne , Menzler Katja
Published: June 2022

We report detailed functional MRI (fMRI) analyses in a patient with reflex seizures elicited by driving along a specific rural crossroad or by watching a video thereof. Semiology consisted of epigastric aura, followed by a sensory seizure of the left hand and sporadic automotor seizures. The right amygdala‐region (rh‐amygdala) was surgically and electroclinically confirmed as the epileptogenic zone. Presurgical task‐fMRI was performed, during which videos of the driving along that specific crossroad (IC), of another crossroad (NC) or noise were presented. Independent component analysis was conducted, and one component was used to aid in selection of a seed region within the rh‐amygdala for subsequent psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI). Here, the following regions showed stronger connectivity with the rh‐amygdala seed during the IC condition compared to NC: right > left visual cortex, bilateral insulae, and right secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), potentially explaining epigastric aura and left somatosensory seizure semiology. Contralateral analyses did not reproduce these results. Overall, the ictogenic stimulus elicited enhanced connectivity of the epileptogenic rh‐amygdala with visual cortex and further regions of potential seizure spread (S2, insula) as a putative mechanism of ictogenesis. Our results highlight the potential of PPI in the analysis of stimulus‐dependent networks in patients with reflex epilepsies to gain insight into seizure generation.
Disparities in the impact of the AJCC 8th edition staging system on differentiated thyroid cancer outcomes
Authors: Santamaria‐Barria Juan A. , Graff‐Baker Amanda N. , Chang Shu‐Ching , Khader Adam , Scholer Anthony J. , Garland‐Kledzik Mary , Goldfarb Melanie
Published: June 2022

Background

The impact of AJCC8 among self‐reported racial/ethnic groups on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) outcomes is unknown.

Methods

Multivariate‐regression evaluated the association between AJCC7 to AJCC8 stage change and race/ethnicity in patients with DTC in the NCDB. Cox‐proportional‐regression evaluated whether AJCC7 to AJCC8 stage change affects overall survival (OS) differently based on reported race/ethnicity.

Results

After adjusting for confounders, Hispanics and Asian‐Pacific‐Islanders (APIs) were 27% and 12% less likely to be down‐staged compared to white‐non‐Hispanics (WNHs) (p < 0.001); black‐non‐Hispanics (BNHs) had no significant down‐staging difference. Down‐staged patients had an increased risk of death compared to patients with unchanged staging, regardless of race/ethnicity. However, based on two‐way interaction, the magnitude of this negative change on survival from down‐staging was only different between WNHs (HR = 2.64) and BNHs (HR = 1.77), (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Outcome disparities persist among self‐reported racial/ethnic groups with AJCC8. Down‐staged patients across all racial/ethnic groups had decreased survival compared to those with unchanged stage, with the least impact in BNHs.
Endonasal access to the lateral poststyloid space: Far lateral extension of an endoscopic endonasal corridor
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Kim Leslie R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: June 2022

The styloid process constitutes the posterolateral boundary for an endonasal exposure of the infratemporal fossa. This study aims to explore the feasibility of a far‐lateral extension to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor. An endonasal dissection was performed on six cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Following an endoscopic endonasal access to the parapharyngeal space, the styloid process and the tympanic portion of the temporal bone were removed to reveal the jugular bulb and the extratemporal facial nerve. Distances from the anterior nasal spine to the relevant landmarks were measured using a surgical navigation device. Through an endonasal corridor, only the anteroinferior aspect of the jugular bulb was exposed. Conversely, the extratemporal facial nerve could be sufficiently exposed, and the deep temporal nerve could be transposed to the stylomastoid foramen. The average horizontal distances from the nasal spine to the posterior tract of V3, styloid process, and facial nerve were 79.33 ± 3.41, 97.10 ± 4.74, and 104.77 ± 4.42 mm, respectively. Access to the lateral poststyloid space via an endonasal corridor is feasible, potentially providing an alternative approach to address select lesions extending to this region. The deep temporal nerve has a similar diameter to that of the facial nerve; thus, providing potential reinnervation of the facial nerve.
Mixed convection and entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid flow in a tilted channel containing heated blocks
Authors: Ghennai Ahlam , Bessaïh Rachid , Merabet Abderrezak
Published: June 2022

A three‐dimensional numerical laminar mixed convection analysis has been examined to investigate thermal transfer, fluid flow, and second law behaviors in an inclined channel with four heated blocks within, submitted under a constant heat flux using Al2O3–Cu water‐based hybrid nanofluid as a circulating fluid. Our main purpose is to perform a close‐to‐reality approach, which leads to results that can be applied in many experimental and industrial fields. This study focuses on the analysis of the effect of Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 500), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri​​​​​​​ ≤ 2), nanoparticles concentration (0 ≤  ≤ 0.05), blocks positions, and inclination of the channel (0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°) to examine the variation of Nusselt number Nu, temperature gradient entropy Sh, fluid friction entropy Sf, and the number of Bejan Be. Results show that the enhancements provided to the Nu number by elevating previous parameters reached a percentage rate of 3.2% when increasing , 12.9% with Ri, and 8.58% with Re; however, the aligned position reveals higher values. There is also an increment in Be number when Ri and Re increase, but in this case, the not‐aligned position reveals the highest values. To predict Nu number values, correlations were developed to examine the effects of , Ri, and Re on Nu, for both aligned and not‐aligned positions.
Continuous versus disrupted subcutaneous tissue closure in cesarean section: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauterbach Roy , Ben David Chen , Bachar Gal , Justman Naphtali , Matanes Emad , Ginsberg Yuval , Vitner Dana , Beloosesky Ron , Weiner Zeev , Zipori Yaniv
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To compare rates of surgical‐site infections following continuous, as compared with interrupted, subcutaneous tissue closure technique during cesarean delivery (CD).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study during 2008–2018. The study group included women who underwent either elective or emergent CD with continuous subcutaneous tissue closure, while the control group comprised those with interrupted subcutaneous tissue closure. We excluded women with suspected infectious morbidity before CD. The primary outcome was surgical‐site infection (SSI) rate.

Results

The final analysis included 6281 women. We performed continuous subcutaneous tissue closure in 37.4% (1867/4988) of scheduled CD, and 45.8% (592/1293) of emergent CD. The rate of SSI was significantly lower following continuous than interrupted subcutaneous tissue closure, in both elective CD (2.7% versus 4.5%, respectively, P = 0.031) and emergent CD (3.2% versus 5.4%, respectively, P = 0.036) in nulliparous and multiparous women. Similarly, secondary outcomes such as re‐admission rates, postoperative maternal fever, and need for antibiotic treatment were significantly lower following continuous subcutaneous closure.

Conclusions

Continuous subcutaneous closure technique during CD yields a lower rate of surgical‐site complications compared with the interrupted technique.
A case of metastatic treatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer with BRCA2 mutation diagnosed by liver biopsy
Authors: Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kawai Tatsuya , Komatsu Hirokazu , Nishikawa Ryutaro , Gonda Masakazu , Aoki Maria , Sugiyama Yosuke , Tasaki Yoshihiko , Yasui Takahiro
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Treatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer occurs predominantly in advanced or metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer that arises when prostate adenocarcinoma is transformed after androgen deprivation therapy. The clinical course for the pathogenesis involved or associated genetic information have not been clearly elucidated.

Case presentation

A Japanese male, 63‐year‐old, underwent a para‐aortic lymph biopsy due to sudden severe bilateral leg edema, with a final diagnosis of stage IV prostate adenocarcinoma. He was initially responsive to upfront abiraterone with androgen deprivation therapy; however, relapse occurred in the liver and bone 10 months after initial treatment, with serum neuron‐specific enolase elevation and without prostate‐specific antigen elevation. Pathological findings of liver tumor revealed treatment‐emergent small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer. FoundationOne® CDx was used for cancer‐related gene profiling of liver tumor specimen; a BRCA2 mutation was identified.

Conclusion

Early detection of this transformation and pathological diagnosis can improve patient survival when genetic mutations, including BRCA 1/2.
A concise review of recent advancements in the graphical training of behavior analysts
Authors: Kranak Michael P. , Mitteer Daniel R.
Published: June 2022

This Concise Review is an appraisal of contemporary research on teaching single‐case experimental design (SCED) graphical creation published between 2017–2021. Recent work on SCED graphical creation is summarized and areas for future research are highlighted.