bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probiotics and respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections in Finnish military conscripts – a randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded study
Authors: Kalima K. , Lehtoranta L. , He L. , Pitkäniemi J. , Lundell R. , Julkunen I. , Roivainen M. , Närkiö M. , Mäkelä M. J. , Siitonen S. , Korpela R. , Pitkäranta A.
Published: April 2016

Military conscripts are susceptible to respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections. In previous studies probiotics have shown potency to reduce upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The aim was to study whether probiotic intervention has an impact on seasonal occurrence of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in two different conscript groups. In a randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled study (https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01651195), a total of 983 healthy adults were enrolled from two intakes of conscripts. Conscripts were randomised to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 (BB12) or a control chewing tablet twice daily for 150 days (recruits) or for 90 days (reserve officer candidates). Clinical examinations were carried out and daily symptom diaries were collected. Outcome measures were the number of days with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and symptom incidence, number and duration of infection episodes, number of antibiotic treatments received and number of days out of service because of the infection. Statistically no significant differences were found between the intervention groups either in the risk of symptom incidence or duration. However, probiotic intervention was associated with reduction of specific respiratory infection symptoms in military recruits, but not in reserve officer candidates. Probiotics did not significantly reduce overall respiratory and gastrointestinal infection morbidity.
Identifying Home Care Clinicians’ Information Needs for Managing Fall Risks
Authors: Alhuwail Dari , Koru Güneş
Published: April 2016

To help manage the risk of falls in home care, this study aimed to (i) identify home care clinicians’ information needs and how they manage missing or inaccurate data, (ii) identify problems that impact effectiveness and efficiency associated with retaining, exchanging, or processing information about fall risks in existing workflows and currently adopted health information technology (IT) solutions, and (iii) offer informatics-based recommendations to improve fall risk management interventions.

A case study was carried out in a single not-for-profit suburban Medicare-certified home health agency with three branches. Qualitative data were collected over a six month period through observations, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The Framework method was used for analysis. Maximum variation sampling was adopted to recruit a diverse sample of clinicians.

Overall, the information needs for fall risk management were categorized into physiological, care delivery, educational, social, environmental, and administrative domains. Examples include a brief fall-related patient history, weight-bearing status, medications that affect balance, availability of caregivers at home, and the influence of patients’ cultures on fall management interventions. The unavailability and inaccuracy of critical information related to fall risks can delay necessary therapeutic services aimed at reducing patients’ risk for falling and thereby jeopardizing their safety. Currently adopted IT solutions did not adequately accommodate data related to fall risk management.

The results highlight the essential information for fall risk management in home care. Home care workflows and health IT solutions must effectively and efficiently retain, exchange, and process information necessary for fall risk management. Interoperability and integration of the various health IT solutions to make data sharing accessible to all clinicians is critical for fall risk management. Findings from this study can help home health agencies better understand their information needs to manage fall risks.
Adjunctive Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy vs Asepsis in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abu-Ta'a Mahmoud
Published: April 2016

Aim

This randomized clinical trial compares the usefulness of adjunctive antibiotics, while strict asepsis was followed during periodontal surgery involving guided tissue regeneration.

Materials and methods

Two groups of 20 consecutive patients each with advanced periodontal disease were randomly assigned to treatment. They displayed one angular defect each with an intrabony component ≥3 mm, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level (PAL) ≥7 mm. Test group included 13 males, mean age 60 years, treated with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with modified papilla preservation technique, received oral amoxicillin 1 gm, 1 hour preoperatively and 2 gm for 2 days postoperatively. Control group included 10 males, mean age 57 years, treated with EMD and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with modified papilla preservation technique, received no antibiotics.

Outcome measures were clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, residual periodontal pocket depth (res. PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), adverse events and postoperative complications.

Patients were followed up to 12 months after periodontal surgery involving guided tissue regeneration.

Results

There were no significant differences between both groups for CAL gain, res. PD, GR, BOP nor other clinical parameters, though patients’ subjective perception of postoperative discomfort was significantly smaller in the group receiving antibiotics.

Conclusion

Antibiotics do not provide significant advantages concerning clinical periodontal parameters nor concerning postoperative infections in case of proper asepsis. It does, on the contrary, reduce postoperative discomfort.

Clinical significance

Regarding the results of this study, adjunctive systemic antibiotics in combination with guided tissue regeneration may be useful in reducing postoperative discomfort but may not be helpful for improving periodontal regeneration outcomes.

How to cite this article

Abu-Ta'a M. Adjunctive Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy vs Asepsis in Conjunction with Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):3-6.
Hepatitis C and Oral Lichen Planus: Evaluation of their Correlation and Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Clinical Study
Authors: Ramos Adilson Luiz , Carli João Paulo De , Linden Maria Salete Sandini , da Silva Soluete Oliveira , Trentin Micheline Sandini , de Souza Matos Felipe
Published: April 2016

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and oral lichen planus (OLP), and further examine the relationship between age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs with the presence of HCV infection or OLP.

Material and methods

A longitudinal clinical study was carried out from March 2010 to December 2013 with 51 individuals, of whom 33 had been presented with HCV (HCV-positive group) and 18 had OLP (OLP-positive group), in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Hepatitis C virus-positive individuals who presented lesions compatible with OLP were subjected to an intraoral biopsy for histopathological diagnosis, while OLP-positive individuals underwent anti-HCV serological test for diagnosis of HCV infection. Data on age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs used were recorded for later analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and by Pearson's Chisquare test, with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05).

Results

Out of the 33 HCV-positive individuals, only one was clinically and pathologically positive for OLP, demonstrating a significant relationship between the presence of HCV infection and the manifestation of OLP (Chi-square test −46.852, p = 7.65 × 10–12). None of the individuals in OLP-positive group had HCV infection. The most common systemic diseases were hypertension and diabetes, and the most commonly used drugs were antihypertensives. However, there was no significant relationship between these factors and the presence of OLP or HCV infection (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a significant relationship between HCV infection and manifestation of OLP. Age, sex, systemic diseases and drugs were not identified as risk factors for the development of these diseases.

Clinical significance

The OLP could serve as an indicative of HCV infection in asymptomatic patients, thus enabling early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis and hence, a better prognosis.

How to cite this article

De Carli JP, Linden MSS, da Silva SO, Trentin MS, Matos FS, Paranhos LR. Hepatitis C and Oral Lichen Planus: Evaluation of their Correlation and Risk Factors in a Longitudinal Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):27-31.
Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Pacheco Ariel Adriano Reyes , Saga Armando Yukio , de Lima Key Fonseca , Paese Victor Nissen
Published: April 2016

Aim

By using the finite element method (FEM), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different corticotomy formats on the distribution and magnitude of stress on the periodontal ligament (PDL) during retraction of the maxillary canine.

Materials and methods

A geometric model of the left hemi-jaw was created from computed tomography scan images of a dry human skull and loads were administered during distalization movement of the canine. Three trials were performed: (1) without corticotomy, (2) box-shaped corticotomy and perforations in the cortical bone of the canine (CVC) and (3) CVC and circularshaped corticotomy in the cortical bone of the edentulous space of the first premolar.

Results

There was no difference in stress distribution among the different corticotomy formats.

Conclusion

Different corticotomy formats used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement did not affect stress distribution in the PDL during canine retraction.

Clinical significance

From a mechanical perspective, the present study showed that the stress distribution on the PDL during canine retraction was similar in all the corticotomy formats. When using the Andrews T2 bracket, the PDL presented the highest levels of stress in the middle third of the PDL, suggesting that the force was near the center of resistance. Also, as bone weakening by corticotomies did not influence stress distribution, the surgical procedure could be simplified to a less aggressive one, focusing more on inflammatory cellular stimulation than on bone resistance. A simpler surgical act could also be performed by most orthodontists in their practices, enhancing postoperative response and reducing patient costs.

How to cite this article

Pacheco AAR, Saga AY, de Lima KF, Paese VN, Tanaka OM. Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Threedimensional Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):32-37.
Effect of Endodontic Retreatment on Push-out Bond Strength and Quality of Fiber Postbonding Interface of Resin Cements
Authors: Pinheiro Sérgio Luiz , da Silveira Bueno Carlos Eduardo , Pelegrine Rina Andréa , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini , Kato Augusto Shoji , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , Martin Alexandre Sigrist De
Published: April 2016

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of endodontic retreatment on push-out bond strength and dentin interface of two resin cements used for fiber postcementation during endodontic retreatment.

Materials and methods

The root canals of 40 extracted human canines were prepared, obturated and divided into four groups (n = 10). Gutta-percha was partially removed and fiber posts were immediately cemented in groups 1 and 2 using Panavia F with ED Primer and RelyX™ U200, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, the root canal access was sealed with temporary restorative cement, specimens were stored for 30 days, endodontically retreated, and fiber posts were cemented using the resin cements applied to groups 1 and 2, respectively. Push-out tests and scanning electron microscopy analyses of different areas were performed. Data from push-out bond strengths were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests.

Results

Higher bond strength values were detected in the apical third for group 1 than group 3 (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in other comparisons between the same third of different groups (p > 0.05). Comparisons between different thirds in the same group revealed a higher bond strength in the apical third for group 1. Scanning electron microscopy showed formation of hybrid layer and extensive resin tags in group 1. No hybrid layer was observed in groups 2 and 4.

Conclusion

Endodontic retreatment had adverse effects on the push-out bond strength and dentinal interface of Panavia F with ED Primer when used for fiber postcementation specifically in the apical third, but not on RelyX™ U200.

Clinical significance

A significant interaction was detected between endodontic retreatment and resin cement, which indicated that endodontic retreatment might adversely affect the push-out bond strength and dentinal interface of Panavia F with ED Primer when used for fiber postcementation specifically in the apical third.

How to cite this article

Pelegrine RA, Paulillo LAMS, Kato AS, Fontana CE, Pinheiro SL, De Martin AS, da Silveira Bueno CE. Effect of Endodontic Retreatment on Push-out Bond Strength and Quality of Fiber Postbonding Interface of Resin Cements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):42-48.
Histopathological Parameters predicting Occult Nodal Metastases in Tongue Carcinoma Cases: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Malathi N , Jacob Tina Elizabeth , Rajan Sharada T , Manish N
Published: April 2016

Background

It is a well-established fact that in squamous cell carcinoma cases, the presence of lymph node metastases decreased the 5-year survival rate by 50% and also caused the recurrence of the primary tumor with development of distant metastases. Till date, the predictive factors for occult cervical lymph nodes metastases in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma remain inconclusive. Therefore, it is imperative to identify patients who are at the greatest risk for occult cervical metastases. This study was thus performed with the aim to identify various histopathologic parameters of the primary tumor that predict occult nodal metastases.

Materials and methods

The clinicopathologic features of 56 cases of lateral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with cT1NoMo/cT2NoMo as the stage and without prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy were considered. The surgical excision of primary tumor was followed by elective neck dissection. The glossectomy specimen along with the neck nodes were fixed in formalin and 5 ìm thick sections were obtained. The hematoxylin & eosin stained sections were then subjected to microscopic examination. The primary tumor characteristics that were analyzed include tumor grade, invading front, depth of tumor, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and inflammatory response. The nodes were examined for possible metastases using hematoxylin & eosin followed by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry.

Result

A total of 12 cases were found with positive occult nodal metastases. On performing univariate analysis, the histopathologic parameters that were found to be statistically significant were lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.004) and perineural invasion (p = 0.003) along with a cut-off depth of infiltration more than 5 mm (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Histopathologic assessment of the primary tumor specimen therefore continues to provide information that is central to guide clinical management, particularly in cases of occult nodal metastases.

Clinical significance

The study highlights the importance of extensive histopathological screening, which holds the key for establishing occult metastases. Pathological upgrading of tumors is possible following histopathological studies similar to the present one. Presence of occult metastases justify neck dissection in these clinically N0 cases. In an Indian setting, histopathological evaluation assumes a bigger role than other expensive and advanced techniques.

How to cite this article

Jacob TE, Malathi N, Rajan ST, Augustine D, Manish N, Patil SG. Histopathological Parameters predicting Occult Nodal Metastases in Tongue Carcinoma Cases: An Indian Perspective. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(1):70-77.
Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Singh Saumya , Hebbale Manjula , Singh Nisha , Mhapuskar Amit , Nisa Shams Ul , Thopte Shameeka
Published: April 2016

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a wellestablished precancerous condition affecting the oral mucosa. It is a disease that causes significant morbidity (in terms of loss of mouth function as tissues become rigid and mouth opening becomes difficult) and mortality (when transformation into squamous cell carcinoma occurs).

Aim

The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera with antioxidant when given along with physiotherapy in the management of OSMF.

Materials and methods

Forty patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of OSMF were included for the study after informed consent. Group A included 20 patients who received Aloe vera gel (forever living gel) along with physiotherapy. Group B included 20 patients who received antioxidant capsules twice daily for 3 months along with physiotherapy exercises four times in a day. The following parameters, that is, burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were recorded at each visit.

Results

Majority of the participant enrolled were in the age range of 30 to 35 years. Improvement in all the parameters was seen with the individuals receiving Aloe vera gel in comparison to antioxidants.

Conclusion

So, Aloe vera being a soothing, simple and safe mode of treatment along with proper habit restriction can be considered to be an effectual protocol in the management of OSMF. The analgesic effects of Aloe vera with the physiotherap exercises provide better results in reducing burning sensation and improving mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility in comparison to antioxidants.

How to cite this article

Singh N, Hebbale M, Mhapuskar A, Ul Nisa S, Thopte S, Singh S. Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1): 78-84.
A new technique for the direct detection of HO2 radicals using bromide chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Br-CIMS): initial characterization
Authors: Sanchez Javier , Tanner David J. , Chen Dexian , Huey Lewis G. , Ng Nga L.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) play an important part in tropospheric photochemistry, yet photochemical models do not capture ambient HO2 mixing ratios consistently. This is likely due to a combination of uncharacterized chemical pathways and measurement limitations. The indirect nature of current HO2 measurements introduces challenges in accurately measuring HO2, therefore a direct technique would help constrain HOx chemistry in the atmosphere. In this work we evaluate the feasibility of using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) and propose a direct HO2 detection scheme using bromide as a reagent ion. Ambient observations were made with a high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) in Atlanta over the month of June 2015 to demonstrate the capability of this direct measurement technique. Observations displayed expected diurnal profiles, reaching daytime median values of ~ 7 ppt between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. local time. The HO2 diurnal was found to be dictated by morning-time vehicular NOx emissions and shows a slow decrease into the evening. Measurement sensitivities of 4.95 ± 1.00 Hz/ppt per 106 bromide ion counts (79Br) were observed. The relatively low baseline allowed for 3σ lower detection limits of 0.7 ppt for 1 minute integration times. Mass spectra of ambient measurements showed the 79BrHO2− peak was the major component of the signal at nominal mass-to-charge 112, suggesting high selectivity for HO2 at this mass-to-charge. More importantly, this demonstrates that high resolution instrumentation is not necessary to conduct these measurements.
Constraining the sensitivity of iodide adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry to multifunctional organic molecules using the collision limit and thermodynamic stability of iodide ion adducts
Authors: Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Iyer Siddarth , Mohr Claudia , Lee Ben H. , D'Ambro Emma L. , Kurtén Theo , Thornton Joel A.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The sensitivity of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ions formed per number density of analytes) is fundamentally limited by the collision frequency between reagent ions and analytes, known as the collision limit, the ion–molecule reaction time, and the transmission efficiency of product ions to the detector. We use the response of a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) to N2O5, known to react with iodide at the collision limit, to constrain the combined effects of ion–molecule reaction time, which is strongly influenced by mixing and ion losses in the ion–molecule reaction drift tube. A mass spectrometric voltage scanning procedure elucidates the relative binding energies of the ion adducts, which influence the transmission efficiency of molecular ions through the electric fields within the vacuum chamber. Together, this information provides a critical constraint on the sensitivity of a ToF-CIMS towards a wide suite of routinely detected multifunctional organic molecules for which no calibration standards exist. We describe the scanning procedure and collision limit determination, and we show results from the application of these constraints to the measurement of organic aerosol composition at two different field locations.
A parameterization of respiration in frozen soils based on substrate availability
Authors: Schaefer Kevin , Jafarov Elchin
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Respiration in frozen soils is limited to thawed substrate within the thin water films surrounding soil particles. As temperatures decrease and the films become thinner, the available substrate also decreases, with respiration effectively ceasing at −8 °C. Traditional exponential scaling factors to model this effect do not account for substrate availability and do not work at the century to millennial timescales required to model the fate of the nearly 1100 Gt of carbon in permafrost regions. The exponential scaling factor produces a false, continuous loss of simulated permafrost carbon in the 20th century and biases in estimates of potential emissions as permafrost thaws in the future. Here we describe a new frozen biogeochemistry parameterization that separates the simulated carbon into frozen and thawed pools to represent the effects of substrate availability. We parameterized the liquid water fraction as a function of temperature based on observations and use this to transfer carbon between frozen pools and thawed carbon in the thin water films. The simulated volumetric water content (VWC) as a function of temperature is consistent with observed values and the simulated respiration fluxes as a function of temperature are consistent with results from incubation experiments. The amount of organic matter was the single largest influence on simulated VWC and respiration fluxes. Future versions of the parameterization should account for additional, non-linear effects of substrate diffusion in thin water films on simulated respiration. Controlling respiration in frozen soils based on substrate availability allows us to maintain a realistic permafrost carbon pool by eliminating the continuous loss caused by the original exponential scaling factors. The frozen biogeochemistry parameterization is a useful way to represent the effects of substrate availability on soil respiration in model applications that focus on century to millennial timescales in permafrost regions.
Challenges associated with modeling low-oxygen waters in Chesapeake Bay: a multiple model comparison
Authors: Irby Isaac D. , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Friedrichs Carl T. , Bever Aaron J. , Hood Raleigh R. , Lanerolle Lyon W. J. , Li Ming , Linker Lewis , Scully Malcolm E. , Sellner Kevin , Shen Jian , Testa Jeremy , Wang Hao , Wang Ping , Xia Meng
Published: April 2016

Abstract. As three-dimensional (3-D) aquatic ecosystem models are used more frequently for operational water quality forecasts and ecological management decisions, it is important to understand the relative strengths and limitations of existing 3-D models of varying spatial resolution and biogeochemical complexity. To this end, 2-year simulations of the Chesapeake Bay from eight hydrodynamic-oxygen models have been statistically compared to each other and to historical monitoring data. Results show that although models have difficulty resolving the variables typically thought to be the main drivers of dissolved oxygen variability (stratification, nutrients, and chlorophyll), all eight models have significant skill in reproducing the mean and seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen. In addition, models with constant net respiration rates independent of nutrient supply and temperature reproduced observed dissolved oxygen concentrations about as well as much more complex, nutrient-dependent biogeochemical models. This finding has significant ramifications for short-term hypoxia forecasts in the Chesapeake Bay, which may be possible with very simple oxygen parameterizations, in contrast to the more complex full biogeochemical models required for scenario-based forecasting. However, models have difficulty simulating correct density and oxygen mixed layer depths, which are important ecologically in terms of habitat compression. Observations indicate a much stronger correlation between the depths of the top of the pycnocline and oxycline than between their maximum vertical gradients, highlighting the importance of the mixing depth in defining the region of aerobic habitat in the Chesapeake Bay when low-oxygen bottom waters are present. Improvement in hypoxia simulations will thus depend more on the ability of models to reproduce the correct mean and variability of the depth of the physically driven surface mixed layer than the precise magnitude of the vertical density gradient.
Summer-temperature evolution on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Far East, during the past 20,000 years
Authors: Meyer Vera D. , Hefter Jens , Lohmann Gerrit , Tiedemann Ralf , Mollenhauer Gesine
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Little is known about the climate evolution on the Kamchatka Peninsula during the last deglaciation as existing climate records do not reach beyond 12 ka BP. In this study, a summer-temperature record for the past 20 ka is presented. Branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, terrigenous biomarkers suitable for continental air temperature reconstructions, were analyzed in a sediment core from the western continental margin off Kamchatka/marginal Northwest Pacific (NW Pacific). The record reveals that summer temperatures on Kamchatka during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) equaled modern. We suggest that strong southerly winds associated with a pronounced North Pacific High pressure system over the subarctic NW Pacific accounted for the warm conditions. A comparison with outputs from an Earth System Model reveals discrepancies between model and proxy-based reconstructions for the LGM-temperature and atmospheric circulation in the NW Pacific realm. The deglacial temperature development is characterized by abrupt millennial-scale temperature oscillations. The Bølling/Allerød warm-phase and the Younger Dryas cold-spell are pronounced events, providing evidence for a strong impact of North-Atlantic climate variability on temperature development in southeastern Siberia. Summer insolation and teleconnections with the North Atlantic determine the long-term temperature development during the Holocene.
High-speed camera-based measurement system for aeroacoustic investigations
Authors: Gürtler Johannes , Haufe Daniel , Schulz Anita , Bake Friedrich , Enghardt Lars , Czarske Jürgen , Fischer Andreas
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The interaction of sound and flow enables an efficient noise damping. Inevitable for understanding of this aeroacoustic damping phenomenon is the simultaneous measurement of flow and sound fields. Optical sensor systems have the advantage of non-contact measurements. The necessary simultaneous determination of sound levels and flow velocities with high dynamic range has major hurdles. We present an approach based on frequency-modulated Doppler global velocimetry, where a high-speed CMOS camera with data rates over 160 MSamples s−1 of velocity samples is employed. Using the proposed system, two-component flow velocity measurements are performed in a three-dimensional region of interest with a spatial resolution of 224 µm, based on single-pixel evaluation, and a measurement rate of 10 kHz. The sensor system can simultaneously capture sound and turbulent flow velocity oscillations down to a minimal power density of 40.5 (mm s−1)2 Hz−1 in a frequency range up to 5 kHz. The presented measurements of the interaction of sound and flow support the hypothesis that the sound energy is transferred into flow energy.
Signal modeling of an MRI ribbon solenoid coil dedicated to spinal cord injury investigations
Authors: Coillot Christophe , Sidiboulenouar Rahima , Nativel Eric , Zanca Michel , Alibert Eric , Cardoso Maida , Saintmartin Guillaume , Noristani Harun , Lonjon Nicolas , Lecorre Marine , Perrin Florence , Goze-Bac Christophe
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is a powerful tool for biological investigations. Nevertheless, the imaging resolution performance results in the combination of the magnetic field (B0) and the antenna efficiency. This latter one results in a compromise between the size of the sample, the location of the region of interest and the homogeneity requirement. In the context of spinal cord imaging on mice, a ribbon solenoid coil is used to enhance the efficiency of the MRI experiment. This paper details the calculation of the local magnetization contribution to the induced voltage of MRI coils. The modeling is illustrated on ribbon solenoid antennas used in emitter–receiver mode for the study. The analytical model, which takes into account the emitting mode, the receiving step and the imaging sequence, is compared to the measurement performed on a 9.4 T VARIAN MRI apparatus. The efficiency of the antenna, in terms of signal to noise ratio, is significantly enhanced with respect to a commercial quadrature volumic antenna, given a significant advantage for the study of spinal cord injuries.
Brief communication: Possible explanation of the values of Hack's drainage basin, river length scaling exponent
Authors: Hunt Allen G.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Percolation theory can be used to find water flow paths of least resistance. Application of percolation theory to drainage networks allows identification of the range of exponent values that describe the tortuosity of rivers in real river networks, which is then used to generate the observed scaling between drainage basin area and channel length, a relationship known as Hack's law. Such a theoretical basis for Hack's law may allow interpretation of the range of exponent values based on an assessment of the heterogeneity of the substrate.
Brief communication: The challenge and benefit of using sea ice concentration satellite data products with uncertainty estimates in summer sea ice data assimilation
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Losch Martin , Losa Svetlana N. , Jung Thomas , Nerger Lars , Lavergne Thomas
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Data assimilation experiments that aim at improving summer ice concentration and thickness forecasts in the Arctic are carried out. The data assimilation system used is based on the MIT general circulation model (MITgcm) and a local singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter. The effect of using sea ice concentration satellite data products with appropriate uncertainty estimates is assessed by three different experiments using sea ice concentration data of the European Space Agency Sea Ice Climate Change Initiative (ESA SICCI) which are provided with a per-grid-cell physically based sea ice concentration uncertainty estimate. The first experiment uses the constant uncertainty, the second one imposes the provided SICCI uncertainty estimate, while the third experiment employs an elevated minimum uncertainty to account for a representation error. Using the observation uncertainties that are provided with the data improves the ensemble mean forecast of ice concentration compared to using constant data errors, but the thickness forecast, based on the sparsely available data, appears to be degraded. Further investigating this lack of positive impact on the sea ice thicknesses leads us to a fundamental mismatch between the satellite-based radiometric concentration and the modeled physical ice concentration in summer: the passive microwave sensors used for deriving the vast majority of the sea ice concentration satellite-based observations cannot distinguish ocean water (in leads) from melt water (in ponds). New data assimilation methodologies that fully account or mitigate this mismatch must be designed for successful assimilation of sea ice concentration satellite data in summer melt conditions. In our study, thickness forecasts can be slightly improved by adopting the pragmatic solution of raising the minimum observation uncertainty to inflate the data error and ensemble spread.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Kelly Summers
Authors: Wang Andrew
Published: April 2016

Dr. Kelly Summers is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario. Having completed multiple degrees in London (Including her Senior Postdoc), she holds multiple research positions there and is one of Western’s most highly acclaimed individuals. Her research revolves around immunology and contains, but is not limited to the topics of diabetes, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. She has her own lab called the Screening Lab for Immune Disorders (SLID), located at the Lawson Health Research Institute in London. In addition to her research, she teaches several undergraduate Microbiology and Immunology courses and is widely respected by her students. Andrew Wang, a second year representative for WURJ interviewed Dr. Summers about her background, and experiences as both a professor and researcher.
TEORIA DE PATERSON E ZDERAD: APLICABILIDADE HUMANÍSTICA NO PARTO NORMAL
Authors: Coelho Nayara Rubia , Vergara Lilian Maureira
Published: April 2016

O processo de humanização no parto normal promove a “arte do cuidar humanizado” e a aplicabilidade da teoria humanística constitui um referencial teórico que permite subsídios na relação de troca existencial e dialógica entre enfermeiro e parturiente. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e refletir a contribuição à relação teórico-prática humanizada no parto normal à luz da teoria humanística. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, exploratório, descritivo de artigos on-line extraídos nas bases de dados: Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base de Dados de Enfermagem e Scientific Electronic Library Online, publicados no período de 2002 a 2014. Os resultados evidenciaram que a teoria humanística fortalece a identidade do profissional, autonomia, necessidade de refletir o cuidado humanizado, resgatar a vivência do estar-com-ooutro, no encontro dialógico. Assim, o processo pautado na relação do encontro vivido e dialogado contribui para uma assistência eficaz e segura.
COMPREENDENDO O TEMOR DO SER-NO-MUNDO-GESTANTE-DE-BAIXO-RISCO-NO-ÚLTIMO-TRIMESTRE-GESTACIONAL
Authors: Mesquita Amanda De Araujo , Dias Midian Oliveira , Almeida Inez Silva de , Zveiter Marcele
Published: April 2016

Neste estudo objetivou-se compreender o significado de ser-no-mundo-gestante-de-baixo-risco-no-último-trimestre-gestacional. O presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisa qualitativa que possui como base metodológica a fenomenologia segundo Martin Heidegger. Realizou-se entrevistas com 10 gestantes de baixo risco no último trimestre gestacional, residentes nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Nova Iguaçu, no período de maio a junho de 2014. Os resultados desvelaram que a gestante deseja o parto normal, porém existe o medo das contrações, da dor e do tempo de trabalho de parto, mas a mulher considera que está preparada para passar por esse momento. Conclui-se que o ser-no-mundo-gestante-de-baixo-risco-no-último-trimestre-gestacional teme pelo parto, pelo bebê e se preocupa com a sua vida pós-parto. Com isso, observa-se que o enfermeiro exerce papel muito importante no pré-natal orientando, sanando as dúvidas durante as consultas para que o parto venha a ser um momento menos apreensivo.
USO DE DROGAS PISCOTRÓPICAS POR ADOLESCENTES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Pereira Bruno Miranda , Resende Karolyne Araújo , Campos Cecília Godoi , Duarte Sebastião Júnior Henrique , Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Machado Richardson Miranda
Published: April 2016

Objetivou-se identificar a associação entre características sociodemográficas e o uso de álcool e outras drogas por adolescentes de escolas públicas municipais. Pesquisa exploratória, realizada no primeiro semestre de 2014. Participaram 480 escolares em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, selecionados por amostra não-probabilística, que responderam individualmente a um questionário elaborado pelos autores e ao Drug Use Screening Inventory. A análise ocorreu pela estatística descritiva e bivariada. Os resultados apontaram a predominância do sexo masculino (51,9%), com renda familiar de 1 a 2 salários mínimos (52,7%). Usam analgésicos (43,9%), álcool (39,5%) e tabaco (9,7%). Quanto às variáveis que favoreciam o uso de drogas, a escassez de lazer e recreação apresentaram a maior frequência entre problemas relatados. Os achados indicam a necessidade da implementação de políticas voltadas à saúde integral dos adolescentes, em especial às atividades culturais, esportivas, laborais e lúdicas, como medidas na prevenção e enfrentamento ao uso e abuso de álcool e outras drogas.
SEGURANÇA CIRÚRGICA NA CESÁREA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Boeckmann Lara Mabelle Milfont , Rodrigues Maria Cristina Soares
Published: April 2016

Objetivou-se reunir e analisar publicações científicas sobre segurança cirúrgica na cesárea com a seguinte questão: quais as evidências científicas sobre segurança cirúrgica na cesárea nos últimos dez anos? Realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura, em sete bases eletrônicas, de outubro a dezembro de 2014: The US National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature analysis and Retrievel System Online, Cochrane Library, Base de dados em Enfermagem e Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Foram encontrados 463 artigos, dos quais 11 foram selecionados para análise, emergindo dois eixos temáticos: promoção da segurança da paciente na cesárea por meio da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica e recomendações para melhorar a qualidade da assistência na cesárea. Para concluir, foram encontradas poucas publicações com alto nível de evidência, havendo a necessidade da realização de mais estudos, notadamente por enfermeiros.
PERCEPÇÃO DE PAIS ACERCA DO IMPACTO DE TECNOLOGIAS NO VIVER SAUDÁVEL DOS SEUS FILHOS
Authors: Medianeira Gomes Correa Aline , Dall'Asta Pereira Adriana , Stein Backes Dirce , De Lima Ferreira Carla Lizandra , Signor Eduarda , Kulakowski Obem Marielle
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar, mediante abordagem qualitativa de caráter descritivo, a percepção de pais acerca do impacto de tecnologias no viver saudável dos seus filhos. Os dados foram coletados em duas escolas, localizadas na cidade de Santa Maria, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o segundo semestre do ano de 2013, por meio de quinze entrevistas semiestruturadas. Após a interpretação dos resultados, concluiu-se que o impacto das tecnologias na vida das crianças é evidente e negativo. Favorece o isolamento e o sedentarismo, além de interferir no desenvolvimento da criatividade das crianças, que deixam de buscar outras formas de brincar. Nesse contexto, cabe à enfermagem orientar os pais para que adquiram hábitos de vida saudáveis e, a partir de seu exemplo, consigam melhorar os costumes de seus filhos. Ressalta-se a importância do trabalho multidisciplinar, por parcerias que visem a estimular o cuidado com a saúde infantil.
DEMANDAS DE ATENÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL, PEDIÁTRICA E GERAL
Authors: Santos Danilo Marcelo Araujo dos , Sousa Francisca Georgina Macedo de , Moreira Thaís Marques , Silva Andréa Cristina Oliveira , Braga Lorena Carvalho
Published: April 2016

Estudo descritivo quantitativo com objetivo de identificar demandas de atenção do enfermeiro intensivista e o esforço depreendido por este profissional para lidar com estas demandas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três contextos da terapia intensiva (pediátrica, neonatal e geral) de um hospital do nordeste brasileiro. Participaram da pesquisa 34 enfermeiros com exercício profissional em uma das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio de 2011 a junho de 2012, apoiado pelo instrumento Demandas de Atenção Dirigida. As demandas que mais exigiram atenção do enfermeiro concentram-se no Domínio Ambiente Físico e Psicológico e estavam associadas às instalações físicas do ambiente de trabalho, às emoções e preocupações do enfermeiro nas relações assistenciais. Os resultados sugerem estabelecimento de intervenções no ambiente, na estrutura e nas práticas de cuidado com vistas a favorecer melhor qualidade da assistência e de vida dos enfermeiros.
MORTALIDADE PERINATAL E DIFERENÇAS REGIONAIS NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Vieira Tereza Maria Mageroska , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Mazza Verônica De Azevedo , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: April 2016

Objetivou-se analisar a mortalidade perinatal no Estado do Paraná. Foram analisados todos os óbitos perinatais de residentes no Paraná, de 1999-2010, constantes no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foram calculadas as diferenças relativas dos coeficientes de mortalidade perinatal, fetal e neonatal precoce, entre 1999-2001 e 2008-2010 segundo Regionais de Saúde. A análise mostrou redução de 28,2% no coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal, 32,2% no neonatal precoce e 25,2% no fetal. Das Regionais de Saúde, destacaram-se a 21ª com aumento de 8,8% no coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal precoce e 1a, 8ª e 16ª Regionais de Saúde com aumento de 5,9%, 12,3% e 12,2% no coeficiente de mortalidade fetal, respectivamente. Apesar do declínio do coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal para o estado, ainda persistem valores elevados em algumas Regionais de Saúde, o que indica necessidade de aprimorar ações no pré-natal e na atenção ao recém-nascido de risco.
BEBER E DIRIGIR: COMPORTAMENTOS DE MOTOCICLISTAS ABORDADOS PELA OPERAÇÃO LEI SECA
Authors: Jomar Rafael Tavares , Abreu Ângela Maria Mendes , Souto Jaqueline Da Silva Soares
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever comportamentos relacionados ao beber e dirigir entre motociclistas abordados pela Operação Lei Seca. Foi realizado estudo descritivo com amostra não probabilística de motociclistas abordados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2012, que responderam questionário com informações sociodemográficas, sobre uso de álcool, envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito e o comportamento de beber e dirigir, antes e depois da Lei Seca. Dos 94 motociclistas entrevistados, 61 referiram já ter se envolvido em um acidente de trânsito e 11 destes apontaram o uso de álcool previamente ao acidente. Houve declínio do comportamento de beber e dirigir após a promulgação da Lei Seca (-81%). Por isso, é possível que as ações de fiscalização da Operação Lei Seca tenham contribuído para o declínio do comportamento de beber e dirigir.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DE NÍVEL MÉDIO EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Camargo Rosangela Andrade Aukar de , Coloni Caroline Silva Morelato , Teixeira Verônica Modolo , Moreira Mirian Christine Olimpio , Piotto Rafaela , Góes Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira de
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo objetivou identificar as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas por professores da educação profissional de nível médio em enfermagem. Estudo descritivo qualitativo, cujo dados foram coletados por questionário semi-estruturados, entre outubro e novembro de 2013 em duas escolas profissionalizantes, com participação de 15 professores/enfermeiros. As frequências das respostas e conteúdo foram analisados à luz dos aspectos didático-pedagógicos da literatura. Dos entrevistados, 66,6% são mulheres, com formação pedagógica e experiência assistencial superior a 3 anos. O Projeto Pedagógico do Curso é desconhecido por 46,6%; 53% elaboram planos de aula; 86,6% afirmam realizar avaliação formativa, em contrapartida, a prova escrita é utilizada por 73,3%. Com a conclusão do estudo, percebeu-se que em linhas gerais os professores desenvolvem uma prática educativa desprovida de reflexão e sentido ao não participar do planejamento do curso. Entretanto, a maioria faz planejamento da disciplina e da aula, ainda que utilize conceito equivocado sobre a avaliação da formação.
ENFERMAGEM PRÉ-HOSPITALAR NO SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA: POSTULADOS ÉTICO-LEGAIS DA PROFISSÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Antônio César
Published: April 2016

Objetivou discutir a forma de organização do trabalho de enfermagem na assistência pré-hospitalar, considerando a caracterização das ocorrências atendidas por uma Unidade de Suporte Básico, à luz da legislação que regulamenta e disciplina o exercício profissional da categoria no Brasil. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado junto ao Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência em Cuiabá–MT. Os dados foram coletados a partir das fichas dos atendimentos realizados no primeiro trimestre de 2013. Foram analisadas 926 ocorrências, constando-se que tanto os agravos quanto as ações de enfermagem se configuram majoritariamente como situações complexas, demandando competências técnicas e legais para a tomada de decisão, o que remete à necessidade da presença do enfermeiro. Considerou-se assim que a forma de organização da atenção pré-hospitalar, normatizada pelo Ministério da Saúde, afronta a legislação da enfermagem brasileira e que os profissionais que respondem tecnicamente pelo trabalho de enfermagem ou nela atuam, infringem postulados ético-legais da profissão.
A VISÃO DOS FAMILIARES QUANTO ÀS ORIENTAÇÕES REALIZADAS JUNTO À CRIANÇA EM QUIMIOTERAPIA ANTINEOPLÁSICA
Authors: Sarmento Lorrane Sardinha , Da Silva Liliane Faria , Bezerra Goes Fernanda Garcia , Paiva Eny Dórea , Bastos Depianti Jéssica Renata
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a visão dos familiares quanto às orientações realizadas junto às crianças em idade escolar em tratamento quimioterápico antineoplásico, e discutir as estratégias para orientação junto a essas crianças. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, com entrevistas semiestruturadas em 10 familiares de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico, num hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, no período de março de 2013 a junho de 2014, por análise temática das informações. Os dados mostraram que a maioria das crianças inicia o tratamento quimioterápico sem receber orientação e que a família é a principal responsável pela orientação. Para os familiares, a criança deve ser orientada quanto à doença, tratamento, cuidados com a higiene das mãos, alimentos e possíveis reações da quimioterapia. Recursos lúdicos, como brincadeira, desenhos e livros ilustrativos podem ser usados como estratégias para a realização das orientações. É importante a orientação das crianças em tratamento quimioterápico com uso de recursos que possibilitem sua compreensão.