bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (PVP-HF)
Authors: Sperry Brett W. , Campbell Joseph , Yanavitski Marat , Kapadia Samir , Tang W.H. Wilson , Hanna Mazen
Published: July 2017

Background

Accurate assessment of volume status is essential in diagnosis and guidance of decongestive therapy in patients with acute heart failure. We sought to compare peripheral venous pressure (PVP) with central venous pressure (CVP), as well as other invasive hemodynamic measurements, in patients hospitalized with an acute heart failure syndrome.

Methods and Results

PVP-HF (Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure) was a single-center prospective study, which enrolled patients admitted with acute heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or disease pathogenesis. PVP and intracardiac pressures were obtained by transducing a peripheral intravenous and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, after zeroing at the phlebostatic axis. Data were compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. A total of 30 patients (median age 64 years, 73% male, 30% ischemic pathogenesis) were enrolled. Mean ejection fraction was 31%, and 60% had moderate or greater right ventricular dysfunction. Median PVP was 9.5 (6–17) mm Hg, CVP was 8.5 (6–18) mm Hg, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 18 (14–21) mm Hg. PVP and CVP were found to be highly correlated (
r
=0.947), while PVP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were found to be moderately correlated (
r
=0.565). The mean difference between PVP and CVP was 0.4 mm Hg and between PVP and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 7.5 mm Hg.

Conclusions

In patients with acute heart failure syndromes, a simple assessment of PVP demonstrates a high correlation with CVP. These findings suggest that PVP may be useful in the standard bedside clinical assessment of volume status in these patients to help guide decongestive therapy.
Evidence for the invasion and successful establishment of Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, 2005 (Decapoda, Varunidae) in Great Britain
Authors: Ashelby Christopher W. , Sewell Jack , Rostron John , Shrubsole Robin , Child Tony , Clark Paul F.
Published: July 2017

Following the recent discovery of the brush-clawed shore crab, Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, 2005, in Great Britain, new data are presented here on the occurrence of this species from additional locations, five in north Kent and one in Suffolk. This study provides significant evidence to suggest that in Suffolk the species has become well established and now forms a large reproducing population. A new earliest date for introduction of the species to Great Britain is given and the possible vectors involved at the various localities in the SE of England are discussed. Management and eradication of H. takanoi from this area are now considered to be unfeasible. The future spread and potential impact of H. takanoi in Great Britain should be carefully monitored.
Burrow excavation and mudballing behaviour of the fiddler crab Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from southern Thailand
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej
Published: July 2017

We video-recorded and examined the burrow building behaviour of small and large males and females of Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Males took a longer time than females, and larger crabs took a longer time than smaller ones, to build burrows. Higher numbers of mudballs were excavated from inside the burrows during the build of the burrows by males than by females, and by larger crabs than by smaller ones. Crab carapace width was positively correlated with the time required to build burrows, and with the number of mudballs excavated from inside the burrows during the build of these burrows. We observed that 82% of the females placed the mudballs near their burrow entrance, whereas 85% of the males placed the mudballs far from their burrow entrance. After building the burrows, 71% of the females went inside the burrow and plugged the burrow entrance, and 90% of the males foraged for food.
Religion and Belief After the Turn to Power: A Response to Craig Martin
Authors: Bush Stephen S.
Published: July 2017

The introduction of power as a key analytical concept was a watershed moment in the history of religious studies. But what exactly does it mean to embrace the turn to power? Does it mean giving up on the study of experiences, meanings, and beliefs? Or does it just mean changing how we approach them? In my book, Visions of Religion, I argue that we can retain experience and meaning as meaningful analytical concepts even after the turn to power. We can do so without embracing any of the key assumptions of perennialism or what Craig Martin calls neo-perennialism. In this response to Martin, I show that his categorization of my approach as neo-perennialist is based upon a series of misattributions.
Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment Law
Authors: Reinisch August
Published: July 2017

The distinction between jurisdictional and admissibility issues in investment arbitration is becoming more and more relevant. This results from an emerging jurisprudence emphasizing that a tribunal that lacks jurisdiction will have to dismiss a case brought before it, while it has discretion whether to dismiss a claim for reasons of inadmissibility, in particular, because the latter defects may be curable. Conceptually this difference is rooted in the idea that “jurisdiction is an attribute of a tribunal and not of a claim, whereas admissibility is an attribute of a claim but not of a tribunal”,1 with the consequence that “[t]he concept of ‘admissibility’ refers to the varied reasons that a tribunal, although it has jurisdiction, may decline to hear a case or a claim.”2

This overview article will briefly outline a number of issues in regard to which investment tribunals have disagreed whether to qualify them as jurisdictional or admissibility-related. These range from so-called waiting periods, requiring investors to first seek amicable dispute settlement or to litigate before national courts, to express or implied “in accordance with host state law”-clauses. This article argues that the outcomes of many of these cases, which often appear to be inconsistent, may be explained on the basis of different conceptual qualifications as jurisdictional or admissibility-related issues.
The Bifurcation of Jurisdictional and Admissibility Objections in Investor-State Arbitration
Authors: Calamita Nicolas Jansen , Sardinha Elsa
Published: July 2017

The practice of arbitral tribunals is notably consistent with respect to articulating the fundamental values which need to be balanced in deciding whether to bifurcate preliminary objections with respect to jurisdiction or admissibility. Moreover, there is substantial consensus on the issues or factors which ought to be evaluated by arbitral tribunals exercising their discretion under the relevant rules. What the decisions appear to lack, however, is rigorous evaluation of the likely time and costs effects of the decision to bifurcate or not. Ensuring that the parties produce information relevant to the decision whether to bifurcate rests with tribunals and the way in which they manage the proceedings before them. Tribunals ought not rely upon the parties to produce such information on their own. Instead, tribunals can and should proactively request such information in order to better carry out their judicial function. Improving the analytical rigour and depth of the analysis behind bifurcation decisions would not only improve tribunals’ conclusions, but also bolster the legitimacy of those decisions.
eu Law Constraints on Intra-eu Investment Arbitration?
Authors: Bjorge Eirik
Published: July 2017

This article questions whether the law of the European Union (eu) can impose jurisdictional constraints on so-called intra-eu investment arbitration proceedings. Would an arbitral tribunal hearing an intra-eu case under either a bilateral investment treaty (bit) or under the Energy Charter Treaty (ect) have to declare itself incompetent to conduct the case proceedings owing to the operation of eu law? This article subjects that proposition to criticism, finding that, for a number of reasons, connected either with the drafting of the bit or the ect or the operation of general principles of international law, it does not withstand scrutiny. An arbitral tribunal seized of a treaty claim under a bit or the ect cannot rely on eu law to negate rights expressly granted under the instrument providing for its jurisdiction.
The Problem of Rule-Choice Redux
Authors: Tambolo Luca
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we tackle the contribution that history of science can make to the problem of rule-choice, i.e., the choice from among competing methodological rules. Taking our cue from Larry Laudan’s writings, we extensively discuss what we call historicist naturalism, i.e., the view that history of science plays a pivotal role in the justification of rules, since it is one source of the evidence required to settle methodological controversies. As we illustrate, there are cases of rule-choice that depend on conceptual considerations alone, and in which history of science does not factor. Moreover, there are cases in which methodological change is prompted – and explained – by empirical information that is not historical in nature: as suggested by what we call scientific naturalism, the justification of methodological choices comes from our knowledge of the structure of the world, as expressed by our currently accepted scientific theories. As we argue, due to its backward-looking character, historicist naturalism does not satisfactorily deal with the case of newly introduced rules, for which no evidence concerning their past performance is available. In sum, we conclude, the contribution that history of science can make to rule-choice is more modest than Laudan suggests.
The oldest fossil of Duabanga from Kutch, western India
Authors: Shukla Anumeha , Mehrotra R.C.
Published: July 2017

The systematics of a fossil wood assigned to Duabangoxylon (family Lythraceae) is described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Kutch, Gujarat, western India considered to be late Maastrichtian to early Danian in age. This fossil is the oldest record of Duabanga as its previous records are not older than Eocene. As the intertrappean flora of Kutch is poorly known, the present fossil not only enriches this flora but also helps in the reconstruction of palaeoclimate.
Taxonomic synopsis of the Ficus sect. Pharmacosycea (Moraceae) from Colombia
Authors: PEDERNEIRAS LEANDRO CARDOSO , MANSANO VIDAL DE FREITAS , ROMANIUC-NETO SERGIO
Published: July 2017

Ficus subg. Pharmacosycea sect. Pharmacosycea (Moraceae, Rosales) is a monophyletic and neotropical plant group characterized mainly by having a syconia with three basal bracts and male flowers with two stamens. Colombia has the largest diversity of Ficus but taxonomic studies on this group are scant, thus we aimed to revise the taxonomy of F. sect. Pharmacosycea. This study is based on fieldwork, examination of herbarium material and literature. Pharmacosycea in Colombia comprises 21 species, 14 are commonly known: F. apollinaris, F. carchiana, F. crassiuscula, F. dewolfii, F. dulciaria, F. gigantosyce, F. insipida, F. maxima, F. mutisii, F. pulchella, F. rieberiana, F. segoviae, F. tonduzii, and F. yoponensis; and six have been treated as synonyms previously: F. aequatorialis, F. macrosyce, F. mexicana, F. santanderana, F. torresiana and F. ulei. Ten lectotypes and two neotypes were designated here.
Validation of the name Amorphophallus candidissimus (Araceae)
Authors: RASINGAM LADAN , SWAMY JETTI , ARISDASON WILSON
Published: July 2017

While identifying a species of Amorphophallus Blume ex Decaisne (1834: 366), nom. cons. collected from the Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India, the authors came across the protologue of Amorphophallus candidissimus X.Gong & H.Li (2012: 201) described from Vietnam, but it was not validly published, as two different collections (leaf and inflorescence) collected in two different dates were indicated as “holotype” in contrary to Art. 8.1 and 40.2 (see Ex. 1) of the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012). Hence, the name A. candidissimus is validated here by designating a single collection (flowering material) as a holotype. The other collection (leaf material) is considered as a paratype, as it also depicts one of the diagnostic characters (lamina lacking bulbils) of the species.
Geographic variation of Serjania perulacea (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) and description of two new varieties
Authors: COULLERI JUAN P. , BREM MARTA C. , FERRUCCI MARÍA S.
Published: July 2017

We assessed the morphological diversity of Serjania perulacea using multivariate analyses (principal coordinates and component analysis) of quantitative and qualitative morphological leaf traits. We also investigated the effect of local environmental conditions on the distribution of the different phenotypes. Our results indicate that S. perulacea consists of three varieties, which are restricted to specific geographic areas with distinct environmental conditions. The two new varieties S. perulacea var. krapovickasii and S. perulacea var. chacoensis are described here and a lectotype for the autonymic variety is designated. An identification key, illustrations and distribution maps for all three varieties are also provided.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Trigonosciadium (Apiaceae) in Turkey
Authors: EROĞLU HÜSEYİN , BEHÇET LÜTFİ , PINAR SÜLEYMAN MESUT
Published: July 2017

A revision of the species of Trigonosciadium occurring in Turkey is presented. Four species are recognised, of which T. tuberosum is rediscovered in Turkey after 1887 and T. lasiocarpum is accepted as the correct name for Malabaila lasiocarpa. Furthermore, T. tuberosum subsp. undulatum is regarded as synonymous of T. viscidulum. Descriptions, anatomical and palynological features, distribution areas, threat categories according to IUCN, and an identification key are presented for all accepted species.
A taxonomic Revision of the genus Graellsia (Brassicaceae, tribe Thlaspideae)
Authors: ESMAILBEGI SHOKOUH , LYSAK MARTIN A. , RAHIMINEJAD MOHAMMAD REZA , MIRTADZADINI MANSOUR , MUMMENHOFF KLAUS , AL-SHEHBAZ IHSAN A.
Published: July 2017

Graellsia includes nine species, of which five (three endemic) are native to Iran. The new species G. isfahan is described and illustrated, and its relationship to the Turkish endemic G. davisiana is discussed. The new combination G. longistyla is proposed, and the lectotypes of G. graellsiifolia, G. integrifolia, and G. stylosa are designated.
Taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Muscicapidae)
Authors: SALVADOR RODRIGO B. , JEUGD HENK VAN DER , TOMOTANI BARBARA M.
Published: July 2017

The convoluted taxonomy of the European Pied Flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca ([Pallas], 1764) (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) might present a challenge for researchers working in other areas of biology. We present here a historical review of this species’ nomenclature, discuss its generic allocation, type locality, and all its named subspecies. Its purpose is to help to mitigate errors in application of names in other contexts, and also to point out areas in which future work is needed.
Diplurans of subsurface terrestrial habitats in the Iberian Peninsula, with a new species description (Diplura: Campodeidae)
Authors: SENDRA ALBERTO , JIMÉNEZ-VALVERDE ALBERTO , GILGADO JOSÉ D. , LEDESMA ENRIQUE , PÉREZ-SUÁREZ GONZALO , CUESTA EVA , HERRERO-BORGOÑÓN JUAN J. , JORDANA RAFAEL , TINAUT ALBERTO , BARRANCO PABLO , ORTUÑO VICENTE M.
Published: July 2017

Although Iberian subsurface terrestrial habitats have been sampled for a half century, they remain poorly known. During the last five years much more sampling of these subsurface habitats has been made, mainly in scree slopes (also called colluvial Mesovoid Shallow Substratum habitats, MSS) but also in alluvial debris of temporal watercourses (alluvial MSS). In our study, diplurans, a basal hexapod group, were extracted from two hundred traps installed in 69 locations in the mountain ranges of six different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, from north to south: Cantabrian, Pyrenees, Iberic System, Central System, Prebaetic and Penibaetic Mountains. A total of 1251 specimens in fifteen dipluran species: thirteen described Campodeidae, one described Japygidae and one new Campodea species inhabiting the alluvial MSS habitats of the watercourses of Prebaetic Mountains. A few populations of these dipluran species show troglobiomorphic features as a consequence of the medium-sized voids of the MSS habitats, such as Campodea grassii Silvestri, 1912, collected in a scree slope connected with a deep subterranean system in Penyas Roset, Prebaetic Mountains. Most species found in MSS habitats are endogean or epiedaphic species living in the area, but this is not the case in Sierra de Guadarrama, where three species (Campodea propinqua Silvestri, 1932, Campodea neusae Sendra & Moreno, 2006 and Campodea zuluetai Silvestri, 1932) unknown in the soil of these mountains have appeared in these subsurface terrestrial habitats.
Phenotypic variation and vocal divergence reveals a species complex in White-eared Ground-sparrows (Cabanis) (Aves: Passerellidae)
Authors: SANDOVAL LUIS , BITTON PIERRE-PAUL , DEMKO ALANA D. , DOUCET STÉPHANIE M. , MENNILL DANIEL J.
Published: July 2017

The taxonomy of the genus Melozone has recently been analyzed from genus to subspecies level, leading to a significant revision of our understanding of this group of birds. Previous studies quantified differences in phenotypic traits, behavior, and genotypes, to provide a better understanding of the underappreciated diversity within Melozone and the relationship between species within this genus. Yet the relationship between the subspecies of White-eared Ground-sparrows, Melozone leucotis, has not received thorough taxonomic scrutiny. In this study, we evaluate the taxonomic status of the three recognized subspecies of M. leucotis using multiple morphometric characteristics, plumage color features, and vocalizations. We measured plumage patterns and reflectance from museum specimens, morphometric features from museum specimens and live birds, and vocal characteristics from sound recordings. We observed substantial variation between subspecies in plumage, morphometry, and voice, especially between northern and southern birds. The phenotypic and vocal differences exhibited by M. l. occipitalis (from Chiapas, Mexico; Guatemala; and El Salvador) suggest that its taxonomic relationship with the M. l. leucotis and M. l. nigrior complex (from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, respectively) needs to be reevaluated, because these two groups are highly diagnosable from one another. Additionally, M. l. occipitalis is geographically isolated from the other two subspecies, reducing the probability of contact by natural causes in the near future. Based on the clear differences in voice, plumage, and morphometric features reported here, we propose that M. l. occipitalis be recognized as a distinct species, M. occipitalis (Salvin's Ground-sparrow), diagnosed on the basis of its longer tail, longer bill, duller plumage, and songs with a lower frequency of maximum amplitude.
Sleeve Gastrectomy Efficacy on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Dysfunction With a Focus on the Role of Comorbidities
Authors: Ricci Maria Anastasia , Ministrini Stefano , De Vuono Stefano , Camilli Matteo , Gentili Alessandra , Daviddi Giulia , Boni Marcello , Lupattelli Graziana
Published: July 2017

We evaluated the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on metabolic/cardiovascular parameters according to weight loss, visceral fat area (VFA), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)–insulin resistance index; we also assessed the influence of SG on comorbidities (diabetes/hypertension). At baseline and 10 to 12 months after SG, we assessed anthropometric and biochemical parameters, bioimpedentiometry, ultrasonographic VFA, liver steatosis, flow-mediated dilation, and echocardiography in 110 patients with obesity. We found that 23 (21%) patients had diabetes. Diabetic patients who normalized their glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level experienced greater total weight loss (TWL), and the probability of normalizing HbA1C levels directly correlated with TWL. Diabetic patients experienced a greater improvement in systolic blood pressure, VFA, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than nondiabetics, while patients with hypertension experienced a greater improvement in VFA, triglycerides, HOMA, and HbA1C than nonhypertensive patients. The most important determinant of glucose control in diabetic patients was weight loss. Patients with diabetes and hypertension experienced a greater improvement in vascular and metabolic status after SG.
Urinary Zinc, Copper, Nitrogen, and Potassium Losses in Response to Trauma
Authors: Askari Augusta , Long Calvin L. , Blakemore William S.
Published: July 2017

The urinary losses of zinc, copper, nitrogen and potassium were measured for 14 trauma patients for periods ranging from nine to 30 days and for nine normal subjects over four days each. The mean losses per day as well as peak losses by patients were compared to the mean normal losses. The mean peak losses of all elements were 2 to 10 times greater than normal. The ratios of the urinary concentrations of these catabolites in relation to each other were calculated. Since nutritional support was predominantly by routine intravenous solutions, the large amounts of urinary zinc, copper, nitrogen and potassium excreted represent a severe drain on the body's reserves of these elements.
Stress Induced by Light Weight Back Button Used to Prepare the Rat for Continuous Intravenous Infusion
Authors: Birkhahn Ronald H. , Long Calvin L. , Fitkin David , Blakemore William S.
Published: July 2017

A light weight plastic back button used to secure a metal catheter protector to the rat's back was tested as a stressful force on the rat. The results demonstrate that the button does indeed produce a stress that is apparent from abnormal weight gain. In young rats, 150 to 180 g, the stress was alleviated by overnight fasting prior to placement of the button; older animals, 350 g, displayed an exaggerated response to its placement. While the younger rats gained weight more slowly than controls, the older animals lost weight daily for 5 days. It is our conclusion that, while the back button has many advantages over the more popular harness, the button also induces stress. Consequently, control animals should wear a button even if they are not infused.
Response of Plasma Amino Acids to Elective Surgical Trauma
Authors: Holbrook Ian B. , Gross Errol , Irving Miles H. , Swindell Ric
Published: July 2017

Venous plasma amino acids have been measured before, during, and after surgical operation in 17 patients. There were no statistically significant changes in plasma amino acid levels during the operation itself, but in the 3 days following operation the concentration of many of the amino acids were altered compared with the preoperative levels. Because some of the changes resemble those seen in early starvation, further studies are necessary to determine whether trauma or starvation is the prime stimulus to the changes observed.
Clinical and Biological Changes in Liver Function during Intravenous Hyperalimentation
Authors: Mac Fadyen Bruce V. , Dudrick Stanley J. , Baquero Gustavo , Gum Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2017

The use of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) with 30% dextrose‐amino acid solution produces prolonged positive nitrogen (N) balance, weight gain, and normal growth and development, with minimal metabolic complications. Several investigators have recently reported liver fatty metamorphosis with an associated increase in serum liver enzymes during IVH, particularly noticeable in premature infants. However, this effect has not been clearly defined in adult patients, especially in regard to the composition of the solution, the kcs:N ratio of the infused solution, and caloric requirements of the patient. A series of 42 patients were given a standard IVH formula (25% dextrose—4.5% crystalline amino acids) administered continuously through a central venous catheter whose tip was positioned in the superior vena cava. These patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I (27) who had no documented liver pathology. Group II (15) who had liver disease documented by liver biopsy or liver scan, and Group III (9) who were infused with IVH for simple malnutrition alone. All patients received IVH for 3 weeks or longer; the average dose in Groups I and II was 34.9 ± 1.70 (S.E.x) kcal/kg/day and 41.0 ± 3.9 (S.E.x) in Group III. Liver function studies were analyzed once each week during therapy and included serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum total bilirubin. There was no statistical change in any of these levels between Groups I, II, and III; however, patients with known liver disease showed a progressive increase in serum liver enzyme levels during IVH therapy. On the other hand, patients in Group III showed an increase in serum liver enzyme levels by the second week, which decreased to preinfusion levels by the third week of IVH therapy. It is concluded from this study that IVH does not statistically alter liver function studies. Serum liver enzyme changes may be due to an abnormally high kcal: N ratio in the solution, excessive infusion of calories, intrinsic liver disease, or infection. Therefore, IVH therapy for patients should be individualized to maximize nutrient utilization with minimal complications.
Transient Positioning of a Silicone T Tube in Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kikuchi Shigeru , Higo Ryuzaburo
Published: July 2017

We applied transient positioning of a silicone T tube in 18 patients with frontal sinus cysts. Inflammation in the nasal cavity usually subsided within 6 months of surgery, whereas the frontal sinus showed pathologic changes in more than half of the patients even 6 months after surgery. After removal of the tube, the nasofrontal passage remained open in 16 patients who obtained good aeration with an intact mucosal lining in the frontal sinus, but it eventually closed in the remaining 2 patients who failed to obtain good aeration. This finding suggests that persistent inflammation in the frontal sinus encourages the closure of the nasofrontal passage and that transient positioning of a silicone T tube is successful if it is removed after subsidence of inflammation in the sinonasal tract.
A proper lifting scheme wavelet transform for vibration-based damage identification in composite laminates
Authors: Ghasemi-Ghalebahman Ahmad , Ashory Mohammad-Reza , Kokabi Mohammad-Javad
Published: July 2017

Damage detection using the wavelet transform was investigated and appropriate approaches to raising the method’s sensitivity level were proposed. In addition, the current study attempted to implement the impulse wavelet design algorithm in order to present appropriate wavelet function with respect to the characteristics of the signal. The initial wavelet function corresponding to the impulse response of composite plate was achieved using impulse wavelet algorithm in time domain. The function was optimized using lifting scheme method. To detect damages, an appropriate signal was selected through applying wavelet transform. To enhance damage identification, first, the edges’ effect of wavelet transform was removed, then a higher accuracy was observed by summing the wavelet coefficients in all scale factors for each mode shape and the wavelet coefficients for all mode shapes. The article also presents a quantitative measure to compare different wavelets.
Soluble APP functions as a vascular niche signal that controls adult neural stem cell number
Authors: Sato Yuya , Uchida Yutaka , Hu Jingqiong , Young-Pearse Tracy L. , Niikura Takako , Mukouyama Yoh-suke
Published: July 2017

The molecular mechanism by which NSC number is controlled in the neurogenic regions of the adult brain is not fully understood but it has been shown that vascular niche signals regulate neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and growth. Here, we have uncovered a role for soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) as a vascular niche signal in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle of the adult mouse brain. sAPP suppresses NSC growth in culture. Further in vivo studies on the role of APP in regulating NSC number in the SVZ clearly demonstrate that endothelial deletion of App causes a significant increase in the number of BrdU label-retaining NSCs in the SVZ, whereas NSC/astrocyte deletion of App has no detectable effect on the NSC number. Taken together, these results suggest that endothelial APP functions as a vascular niche signal that negatively regulates NSC growth to control the NSC number in the SVZ.
On the concept of public order clause
Authors: Гафаров Эльмар , Gafarov Elmar
Published: July 2017

In the article, based on comparative law, legal system law and historical research methods, discussed some urgent issues related to the theoretical and practical understanding of the reservation of public order.

In particular, the article describes and summarizes the definition of public order, reservation of public order, which exists in the Russian and foreign doctrine, jurisprudence approaches of different legal systems, as well as the recent judicial and legislative practices of the Russian Federation.

The conclusion is, even if the concept of of public order and the relevant reservation of public order provided in the legislation, the establishment of the real content and ability to apply these concepts are possible only in the case of law practice, in particular by way of judicial review. The reservation of public order in the court should be made with maximum caution and in the narrow sense.
Euskararen tempus-aspektu-modu sistemaren trataera formala
Authors: Coterón Agorria Ibon
Published: July 2017

Lan honetan trataera formal bateratu bat aurkeztuko da euskal aditz jokatuaren tempus, aspektu eta moduarentzat.
Hezkuntzari buruzko hausnarketa filosofikoak: John Deweyren pentsamendua
Authors: Toledo Retegi Izaro
Published: July 2017

Cada vez se habla más de las reformas educativas, parece que las metodologías de antes se están quedando atrás y que necesitan ser renovadas. Los expertos no dejan de insistir en que necesitamos nuevas soluciones y que urgen las Escuelas Alternativas. Mas ¿qué es lo que deberían de cambiar?Este artículo resume ciertos puntos del pensamiento de un filósofo norteamericano del siglo xx: John Dewey. Dado que sus propuestas para las escuelas y la influencia del pragmatismo y la democracia fueron fundamentales en el desarrollo del movimiento de las Escuelas Libres.
Kulturarteko harremanak Bigarren Hezkuntzan: ikasle etorkin eta bertakoen akulturazio-orientazioak
Authors: Berasategi Sancho Naiara , Larrañaga Aizpuru Nekane , García Fernández Iñaki , Azurmendi Ayerbe María José
Published: July 2017

Este estudio analiza las orientaciones de aculturación de escolares vascos de Educación Secundaria, comparando las orientaciones de los alumnos según su origen y su identidad etnolingüística. Los resultados mostraron que las orientaciones de aculturación mas aceptadas fueron el individualismo, la segregación-separación y la integración. Las orientaciones de ambos grupos, alumnos autóctonos e inmigrantes son coincidentes. Las relaciones inter grupo resultantes de las interacciones de las aculturaciones de ambos grupos serían bastante positivas salvo en los casos de segregación-separación que podrían resultar conflictivas. Los alumnos autóctonos fueron clasificados en tres grupos según su identidad etnolingüística: identidad dual, polarizada española y polarizada vasca. A su vez, los escolares inmigrantes se clasificaron en dos grupos: identidad con el país de origen e identidad dual. Los resultados no confirman la hipótesis de que los sujetos con identidad dual muestran orientaciones de aculturación más positivas que los sujetos con identidad polarizada.
La efectividad de las páginas web en la comunicación empresarial de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Un estudio en PYMES de la provincia de Cádiz
Authors: Marín Dueñas Pedro Pablo , Lasso de la Vega Gonzál María del Carmen
Published: July 2017

Dada la importancia de la web para el desarrollo empresarial, esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar los sites corporativos de una muestra de pequeñas y medianas empresas de la provincia de Cádiz Desde la perspectiva de la interactividad, la navegabilidad y los contenidos de las webs este trabajo medirá la eficacia que las webs tienen para facilitar la comunicación entre las pymes y sus públicos, a partir de la metodología mixta del análisis de contenido.
Alien Invasions and Identity Crisis: Steven Spielberg’s The War of the Worlds (2005)
Authors: Carrasco Carrasco Rocío
Published: July 2017

The idea of national identity as threatened by foreign invasions has been at the centre of many popular Science Fiction (SF) films in the United States of America. In alien invasion films, aggressive colonisers stand for collective anxieties and can be read “as metaphors for a range of perceived threats to humanity, or particular groups, ranging from 1950s communism to the AIDS virus and contemporary ‘illegal aliens’ of human origin” (King and Krzywinska, 2000: 31-2). Such films can effectively tell historical and cultural specificities, including gender concerns. In them, the characters’ sense of belonging to a nation is destabilised in a number of ways, resulting in identity crisis in most cases. A fervent need to defend the nation from the malevolent strangers is combined with an alienation of the self in the search of individual salvation or survival.The present analysis will attempt to illustrate how threats to configurations of power are employed in a contemporary alien invasion film: The War of the Worlds (Steven Spielberg, 2005). Specifically, the film takes the narrative of destruction to suggest the destabilisation of US national power within the context of post September 11, together with a subtle disruption of the gender and sexual status quo. Indeed, new ways of understanding masculinity and fatherhood assault both the public and the private spaces of its white male heterosexual protagonist, Ray, performed by popular actor Tom Cruise. Ambiguous patriotism, identity crises and selfishness are at the core of this contemporary version of H.G. Wells’s landmark novel.
The Aesthetics of Healing in the Sacredness of the African American Female’s Bible: Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain
Authors: Cucarella-Ramon Vicent
Published: July 2017

Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939) stands in the tradition of African American use of the biblical musings that aims to relativize and yet uphold a new version of the sacred story under the gaze of a black woman that manipulates and admonishes the characters of the gospel to offer a feminist side of the Bible. The novel discloses Hurston’s mastering of the aesthetics that black folklore infused to the African American cultural experience and her accommodation to bring to the fore the needed voice of black women. Rejecting the role of religion as a reductive mode of social protest, the novel extends its jeremiadic ethos and evolves into a black feminist manifesto in which a world without women equates disruption and instability. Hurston showcases the importance of an inclusive and ethic sacred femininity to reclaim a new type of womanhood both socially and aesthetically. Three decades before the post-colonial era, Hurston’s bold representation of the sacred femininity recasts the jeremiad tradition to pin down notions of humanitarianism, social justice and the recognition of politics of art. All in all, in an era of a manly social protest literature Hurston opts for portraying the folkloric aesthetics of spirituality as creative agency simply to acknowledge the leadership of the sacred femininity that black women could remodel into art.
A Rhetorical Approach to the Literary Essay: Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Sánchez Cuervo Margarita Esther
Published: July 2017

The teaching of the literary essay is usually ignored in many universities due to its probing and inconclusive form which has not favoured the existence of models of analysis. However, the argumentative nature of this discourse can be examined through a reading that allows the recognition of some rhetorical operations like the invention of arguments (inuentio), their arrangement (dispositio) and expressive manifestation (elocutio). This article proposes a model of analysis following this rhetorical approach. In particular, I apply this analysis to a short essay by Virginia Woolf, ‘Royalty’. Woolf has been considered a major writer of the twentieth century. Although the style of her novels has been extensively researched from diverse perspectives, the style of her essays has not received much critical attention. Throughout my study, I indicate how the recognition and interpretation of arguments and rhetorical figures can help to define the style of this essay. Furthermore, I provide some guidelines for the identification and further interpretation of these rhetorical elements. Both the analysis and the guidelines can be useful in the literature and composition classes.
Policies and Practices Recommended in Feeding Older Infants (more than 6 months and under 1 year) and Young Children (1 to 2 years) in Indonesia
Authors: Sutedjo R.
Published: July 2017

In general breast milk production starts biologically to decrease by the infant's age of approximately 5 months, so that supplementary feeding becomes necessary by that age. In fact, at the age of 2 months supplementation can already be started once or twice daily in the form of a biscuit (20 gm) soaked in milk or tea or in the form of fruits either banana (50 gm), papaya (50 gm) or orange juice (50 gm).
Cardiothoracic Ratio of "Normal" Newborn Babies
Authors: Karjomanggolo W. T. , Tamaela L. A. , Monintja H. E.
Published: July 2017

The present paper deals with the measurement of the transverse diameter of the heart and the cardiothoracic ratio in "normal" newborn babies on the first day of life. A comparison has beeru made on the fourth day.
Syndrome of Hyperviscosity in the Neonate
Authors: Ongkie A. S.
Published: July 2017

This paper tries to present a brief review on the many-sided problem of the syndrome of hyperviscosity in the neonate.
Lactose Intolerance in an Indonesian Closed Community
Authors: San Diego Pedro C. , Iskandar Agus
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted to find outits incidence among Indonesians in aclosed community.
Corticosteroid and Immunosuppressive Treatment in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Alatas H.
Published: July 2017

On this occasion we would only re-view glomerulonephritis which is notassociated with systemic diseaseslike Schonlein Henoch purpura, Sys-temic lupus erythematosus etc.
Phytobezoar
Authors: Sundoro S. R. , Karjomanggolo W. T. , Tamaela L. A.
Published: July 2017

The present report is a case of phytobezoar, of which banana was the cause of the formation of the mass and which was removed by way of gastrostomy.
Incidence of Cholera in Children under two years of age at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Noerasid Haroen , Soeparto Pitono , Rudyanto Bing , Noer Moh. Sjaifullah , Adnan Moh.
Published: July 2017

Stool cultures from 510 patients, admitted to the Children's Ward of the Dr. Soetomo Hospital with gastroenteritis, were examined. Fifty-six cases were found to have para Cholera El Tor (10.98%) and 56 patients showed positive E. coli (10.98%). The clinical features of para Cholera El Tor have been discussed, and compared with E. coli infections. We also reviewed the clinical observations of other writers. Clinically Cholera El Tor and E. coli have similar signs and symptoms. They differ only in: (a) Age (El Tor is usually found in older age groups). (b)Nutritional State (El Tor is found among the undernourished), (c) State of dehydration (El Tor causes dehydration more rapidly), and (d) Faeces (El Tor excretes more faeces per movement).
Low Lactose Milk (LLM) on Refeeding of Infantile Diarrhoea
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Sunoto Sunoto , Boediarso Aswitha , Sutoto Sutoto , E. M. Dadi
Published: July 2017

Seventeen infants suffering from diarrhoea hospitalized in the Department of Child Health, Medical School University of Indonesia/Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from 10 to 31 August 1973 were refed with LLM, Almiron or SGM. LLM gives good to excellent results in refeeding of infants suffering from diarrhoea. Nine out of 17 cases were refed with LLM, where as the other 8 with Almiron or SGM as a control. Result of LLM in stopping diarrhoea was excellent in 5, good in 2, poor in 2 cases. Increase of body weight was excellent in 4 cases, good in none, poor in 5 cases. Results of Almiron or SGM in stopping diarrhoea was excellent in 1 case, good in one, poor in 6 cases. Increase of body weight was excellent in 1 case, good in none, poor in 7 cases. From these results it is recommended to give low lactose milk as refeeding on patients with infantile gastroenteritis.
Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Partana J.S
Published: July 2017

The therapy of status asthmaticus must be rational. Thus it is important to evaluate: 1. the severity and duration of an asthmatic attack. 2. the degree of dehydration. 3. whether infection plays a role. 4. all medication previously administered. 5. any possible complication.Treatment is as follows :Fluid and electrolyte therapy is important not only for the correction of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances but also for preventing inspissation of mucus in the bronchi. The best route of fluid administration is intravenous.Potassium iodide orally administered may be helpful as an expectorant.After hydration and normal acid-base balance have been established, epinephrine may be of benefit.Aminophylline is effective when administered intravenously. It should be used with extreme caution: the dose should not exceed 3 mg per kg of body weight, it should be given slowly and should not be given more frequently than every 8 hours.Corticosteroids should be administered, especially in cases who have received suppressive doses previously.Humidified oxygen administration is of the utmost importance.Antibiotics are recommended when infection is suspected.Management of complications.
The Problem of Diarrhoeal Disease Children
Authors: Gracey Michael
Published: July 2017

In Western Austnalia, diarrheal disease in Aboriginal children found inhalf cases of malnutrition, sugar intolerance in 25% of patients and approximately 50% showed high rates of infection and infestation. The most commonly isolated are Giardia lamblia, Enteropathogenic E. Coli, Salmonellaea and Shigellae.The mortality rate of diarrhoeal disease is maro than 5%, which is severaltimes than white children. The cause of death are hypokalemia, hypoglycaemia, delayed rehydration treatment, the high incidence of malnutrition and sugar intolerance.To improve and solving the problem the prime aim should be preventionby upgrading many factors including maternal nutrition, promotion of breast feeding, standard of living, nutritional and hygiene education and related socioeconomic condition, the availability of skilled medical and nursing facilities.
Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Basir Darfioes , Arif Inda D. , S. Moeslichan
Published: July 2017

A case of Hodgkin's disease in an 8-year-old Indonesian boy is presented. The treatment was stanted 2½ years after the first onset of the symptoms,consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. It seemed that this combination gave good results; after 12 weeks of treatment the lymphnodes disappeared and no new swellings developed. Despite the good results, continuous observation is necessary.
Some Aspects of Tricuspid Atresia
Authors: Djalil Thaher , Sunarno Palupi , Rachman Otte J. , Madiyono Bambang
Published: July 2017

During the period of 5 years, from the beginning of 1971 up tp the end of 1975, out of 2054 sick children seen in the Pediatric Outpatient Division of the Department of Cardiology Medical School, University of lndonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta, 1073 patients were found to have congenital heant disease. Ten out of these 1073 CHD patients have been diagnosed as Tricuspid Atresia on the clinioal basis, giving the incidence of 0.93% of all CHD, of whom 5 were boys and 5 were girls, mean age being 36.5% months (range 2 months to 12 years). Hemodynamic studies have been done to 3 of the 10 patients, all of which confirmed the diagnosis. Two children went to surgery. Anatomic and radiologic classification and types of the disease in those 3 children and some clinical aspects and hemodynamic studies are discussed. It is stressed that early recognition and surgical  intervention are indicated, and still should be improved.
The Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children with A Combination of Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Streptomycin (A preliminary report)
Authors: Rahajoe Nastitin , Rahajoe Noenoeng , Boediman I. , Said Mardjanis , Lazuardi S.
Published: July 2017

Twenty-two cases of tuberculous meningitis have been treated with isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin and 19 cases with isoniazid, P.A.S. and streptomycin. Both groups received corticosteroid at the beginning of the treatment. The 2 groups were compared on the clinical and neurological improvement, duration of necessary hospitalization, the presence of sequelae, and the death rate. Also the tolerability of both regimens was compared.
A Study on BCG Vaccination Using Bifurcated Needle in Babies
Authors: A.S. Gunardi , Suyaka Suyaka , Budiarso L. Ratna
Published: July 2017

Investigation was done on 527 babies comparing BCG vaccination by bifurcated needle and intradermal method. For this study Japanese and Biofarma BCG vaccines were used.
The Use of Young Coconut Water in Pediatric Cholera
Authors: Nurasid Harun , Ontoseno Teddy , Purwodibroto Subijanto
Published: July 2017

Eighty-stx children suffering from cholera, aged 2 - 12 years, admitted to the Dr. Sutomo Hospital, Surabaya, were treated intravenously with Ringer Lactate as initial rehydration. Concomitantly young coconut water was given orally ad libitum until complete rehydration was achieved.
Clinical Features and Management of Some Muscular Disorders in Children - A Brief Review
Authors: Widodo Dwi Putro
Published: July 2017

Study has proven that electrical activity of resting and contracting skeletal muscles and conduction of the nerve impulse have become one of the most useful diagnostic tools in neurology. EMG and nerve conduction studies have become indispensable in the diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve and muscle disease (neurological differential diagnosis).