bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes, impacts, and values of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) oil business model in Perum Perhutani
Authors: Rochman N , Nugroho B , Trison S , Malik J
Published: July 2024

Forests are embedded in human life because they have three functions, namely ecological, social, and economic. One of the companies in Indonesia with the authority and capacity to manage the balance of multi-product utilization in forests is Perum Perhutani. Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) oil is one of Perum Perhutani’s multi-product businesses. Value, outcomes, and impact are the key concepts in the business model literature. This research aims to evaluate the activity system of the cajuput oil business model at Perum Perhutani. In doing this, we use the activity systems perspective method to build a framework that blends a value-based perspective of business models with an analysis of related activities and incorporates perspectives on outcomes and impact. The results of Perum Perhutani’s cajuput oil business model activities have positive value for several partners such as forest village communities, farmer cooperatives, cajuput oil factories (packaged products), Palawi Limited corporation (a subsidiary of Perhutani), and consumers. This research shows that Perum Perhutani’s cajuput oil business activities provide social, economic, and environmental impacts, such as increasing public awareness of the benefits of forests’ sustainable land use and strengthening the mindset that cajuput oil products are socially, economically, and environmentally beneficial.
Sustainable Rural Business Ecosystem: Sago Noodles in Airputih Village, Bengkalis Island
Authors: Purwawangsa H , Irfany M I , Slamet A S , Rustiadi E , Prawiro B P , Haq D A
Published: July 2024

Sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) hold significant potential as carbohydrate sources in Indonesia, notably on Bengkalis Island, Riau, where sago plantations cover 67,759 ha, primarily community-owned (84.75%) and large private plantations (15.25%). Beyond its abundance, sago presents an alternative for sago noodles, offering economic prospects and energy absorption activities. This study examines the socio-economic impact of sago noodles’s ecosystem business in Airputih Village, Bengkalis Island, and evaluating the involvement of young farmers through the One Village One CEO program. Employing survey and Focus Group Discussions with sago noodle stakeholders, including farmers, processors, and development partners, involving 30 participants, the research employs descriptive statistics for analysis. Economic betterment is pursued through training and guidance on sago noodle processing, with experts from IPB enhancing drying and packaging techniques. The island’s sago production stands at 400kg/day, with sago noodle production creating job opportunities and improving social statuses. Furthermore, the Peatland and Mangrove Restoration Agency (BRGM) plays a pivotal role by restoring peat and mangrove areas and providing training and market networks for sago noodle products.
Climate change, villages and agromaritime: Current conditions and future challenges in Indonesia
Authors: Jannah R , Kolopaking L M , Adiwibowo S , Maarif S
Published: July 2024

Climate change has increased the vulnerability of rural areas and communities. Promotion of the agromaritime sector is crucial for ensuring food security and competitiveness, particularly in light of the challenges posed by climate change. This study answers two questions through a systematic literature review. First, what are the current impacts of climate change on communities/villages and the agromaritime sector development? Second, what are the current challenges faced in developing the agromaritime sector? This study analyzed 52 articles published on scopus.com between 2019 and 2023, using the keywords climate change, adaptation, community, village, agriculture, marine fisheries, and Indonesia. Research has found that climate change causes farmers and fishermen to experience dilemmas, crop failure, and loss of local knowledge. Environmental degradation such as marine litter, unsustainable fishing, and illegal fishing has weakened the maritime sector. The challenges in developing the agromaritime sector include inadequate infrastructure, higher community vulnerability due to climate change, and environmental degradation. Therefore, community development and innovation must be improved to develop the agromaritime sector.
The roles of innovations for village development in rural-urban linkages in West Java Province
Authors: Tanjung D , Kriswantriyono A , Purnamadewi Y L , Suhardjito D , Wulandari Y P
Published: July 2024

Village development is an inevitability and increasingly important in the Indonesian economy. However, various obstacles still hinder the village from being far behind. One thing expected to drive village progress is the development of innovations suitable for villages. This research tries to analyze the role of innovation in village development in several village areas in West Java. This research uses a survey method utilizing primary and secondary data. Meanwhile, the data analysis uses LQ and SLA. The results show that the food crops, horticulture and fisheries are primary sectors with several superior commodities. Innovation in the use of natural resources and the development of superior commodities plays a vital role in village development. The ability of rural communities and businesses to successfully adopt innovations depends on their connectivity capabilities to other regions. The most important is proximity to knowledge network access in, and knowledge spillovers from, urban areas. The obstacles that occur precisely in this case, knowledge of human resources, capital, and network access, still need to be improved. Various innovations that are expected to accelerate the village economy are increasing productivity, quality, and added value, as well as differentiation of superior products and utilizing information and digital marketing.
Estimating Factors That Affect Domestic CPO Prices in The Short And Long Run Using The ECM Approach
Authors: Gultom G A , Harianto  , Saragih B , Suharno
Published: July 2024

Crude palm oil (CPO) is an agricultural material that is Indonesia’s leading export product and is used as raw materials to meet domestic demands in industries such as the food industry. This research aimed to evaluate the factors that influence domestic Indonesian CPO prices in the short and long run. This research used an econometric approach with Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis employed by econometric and time series data from 1981 to 2021 from GAPKI, BPS, Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, IndexMundi, Ministry of Agricultural, Trade Ministry, and Bank Indonesia. This research showed that in the short run, Indonesia’s domestic CPO prices were significantly influenced by CPO international prices and the Rupiah exchange rate to USD (at 1% level) and soybean oil prices (at 5% level). Soybean oil price showed a negative relationship to the domestic CPO price. Indonesia’s domestic CPO prices in the long run were significantly determined by CPO export volume, Rupiah exchange rate to USD, soybean oil prices, and CPO export tax. Government policies in the domestic and international markets for CPO-based products must pay attention to CPO price movements and exchange rates.
Protected forest: economic benefit and sustainability analysis of conservation, production, and tourism area (Puntang, West Java)
Authors: Elsa R A , Putri E I K , Pramudita D , Nuva
Published: July 2024

The pressure exerted on forest ecosystems significantly affects sustainability, necessitating the implementation of sustainable forest management practices. Mount Puntang Protection Forest (Hutan Lindung Gunung Puntang/HLGP) represents one such protected forest that faces diverse potential uses and threats of damage. This study aimed to estimate the economic benefits, analyse the sustainability status, and formulate a comprehensive management strategy for HLGP. The results demonstrate that the HLGP has yielded substantial economic benefits, particularly for the labour force. However, the average labour wage falls short of the average income per capita of Campakamulya Village. Javan Gibbon Conservation Unit emerges with the highest income share value, while Puntang Coffee Unit records the lowest. Furthermore, the sustainability analysis reveals that all units exhibit a commendable level of sustainability index value of 73.34, in contrast to tourism, which registers the lowest (52.92). Delving into the dimensions of sustainability, the ecological dimension garners the highest sustainability index value, indicative of a robust sustainable status (84.45), whereas the economic dimension lags behind with a less sustainable status (28.07). This study conclusively emphasises the necessity for strategic interventions in HLGP management, especially with respect to the economic dimension. Enhanced cooperation regarding funding, investment, attractiveness, and unit productivity is essential.
Sustainable Indonesian Rural Development: Utilizing Precision Village Data as a Basis for Socio-Economic Analysis
Authors: Sjaf S , Arsyad A A , Maulana S A B , Elson L , Sampean  , Gandi R , Barlan Z A , Mahardika A R , Muhammad B , Hakim L
Published: July 2024

The digital era presents opportunities for developing new technologies for producing precise and reliable data. This study examines the socioeconomic conditions of rural development in Indonesia using “Data Desa Presisi” (DDP), a new method with the potential to generate large amounts of village data. The goal is to encourage the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in rural areas. Quantitative research was carried out on six islands, ten provinces, 24 districts/cities, and 171 villages/sub-districts. The findings indicate that inequality rates in rural Indonesia are classified as medium (between 0.40 and 0.50) and high (above 0.5). The study also reveals disparities in the government’s published HDI achievements, with Sumatra’s villages having the highest HDI (68.25) and rural Bali and Nusa Tenggara having the lowest HDI (53.88). The study highlights the need for response strategies to achieve sustainable rural development, such as producing village activists, developing vocational education, developing rural big data, and agricultural development management.
Inclusiveness Analysis of the Beef Cattle Value Chain in Central Java Province
Authors: Sofiyanti M , Mulyati H , Wijaya N H
Published: July 2024

Blora Regency of Central Java Province initiated the development of strategic areas for beef cattle commodities in Indonesia. The majority of the region’s farmers are smallholders who operate household-level livestock businesses. While the involvement of small farmers in the value chain for these activities is essential, it is regrettable to note that their participation is not optimal. Therefore, this study used an inclusive business model approach aimed at analyzing the inclusiveness of farmers using a link methodology as well as identifying the inclusiveness factors of smallholders. Undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the principles underpinning a new business model (NBM) is regarded as a valuable and effective means of fostering inclusivity and equality among all relevant stakeholders involved in the business. The NBM consists of six principles including collaboration across the entire supply chain, effective market connectivity, appropriate and transparent governance, accessibility to services, inclusive innovation, and performance measurement. Respondents were selected based on census data. The results show that the inclusiveness of farmers is still low in standardized and transparent governance, inclusive innovation, and outcome measurements. Enhancing farmers’ inclusiveness includes improving their performance and innovation, establishing market linkages, providing non-financial services, fostering value chain collaboration, offering financial assistance, and monitoring and evaluating the impact of their initiatives.
Analysis of urban area resilience combating climate changes case study in Magelang urban area, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mujio  , Nurisjah S , Nailufar B , Aderina L , Siddiq D , Rusdiana O , Setiyaningsih Y
Published: July 2024

The influence of climate change has become a global concern that is increasingly felt by people around the world, including Indonesia. Climate change has an impact on various sectors, such as the food sector (agriculture, fisheries, marine), health, the environment, water resources, and many more. Urban areas are one of the vulnerable areas affected by climate change. In anticipating climate change through adaptation and mitigation efforts in a city’s resilience to current and future climate variability is crucial for an urban area. Based on data from the Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) for 2022, Magelang City is included in the medium category. Research on urban resilience analysis in the context of mitigating the consequences of climate change is carried out as a basis for developing urban adaptation/mitigation strategies. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and determining indicators of city resilience to climate change and carrying out a vulnerability analysis of each location/region potentially affected by climate change. The indicators used in the research are the Urban Community Resilient Assessment (UCRA) Indicators. UCRA is an indicator for measuring urban resilience developed by the World Research Institute (WRI). There are three Indicator Categories developed by UCRA, namely urban vulnerability, Community Resilience, and Community Preparedness. In Magelang City, the most vulnerable indicators of urban vulnerability are the poor population and access to urban services. In analyzing community resilience, the indicators that need to be considered are the early warning system and government support. Meanwhile, the individual capacity that needs to be considered is increasing readiness to face climate risks and economic resources are important.
Detection of genetic markers in the zoometrical index of Indonesian local cattle with Bovine 50K SNP BeadChip
Authors: Putra W P B , Hartati H , Noor R R , Sumantri C , Margawati E T
Published: July 2024

Zoometrical index can be used to evaluate the performance of cattle. The present study aimed to detect the genetic markers for zoometrical index of cattle. Forty-five heads of mixed-sex cattle consisting of Bali (16), Madura (16), and Peranakan Ongole / PO (13) were collected from the breeding station for the experimental animals in this study. A Bovine 50K SNP BeadChip was used to explore genetic mutation in the autosomal chromosomes. Nine parameters of zoometrical index were evaluated in the present study. A TASSEL 5.0 software was used to evaluate 24,347 SNP markers. Research showed that two SNP Markers of ARS-BFGL-NGS-115374 (SNP1) and Hapmap28985-BTA-73836 (SNP2) had a significant association with zoometrical index in pool animals based on the Manhattan plot. The SNP1 had a significant association with the area index. Subsequently, a SNP2 significantly correlated with body ratio and over-increase index parameters. In addition, SNP1 is not located in the gene region. Meanwhile, SNP2 is located at the intron 5 region of the Cryptochromes circadian regulator 1 (CRY1) gene. However, this gene was polymorphic in Bos indicus cattle (Madura and PO). In conclusion, the CRY1 gene can improve the zoometrical index in Indonesian Bos indicus cattle (Madura and PO)
Saurophus androgynus L. Merr. response to different shades intensities and fertilizer rates
Authors: Ramadani A S , Kartika J G , Suketi K
Published: July 2024

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) is an indigenous plant that can be utilized as a leafy vegetable, food coloring, and herbal medicine. This research aims to determine the optimal shade intensity and fertilizer rate to enhance the growth and production of katuk plants. The experiment was conducted using a Split Plot Randomized Complete Block Design, with shade intensity as the main plot and fertilizer rate as the subplot. Shade intensity consisted of 4 levels: N0 (no shade), N1 (shade intensity 55%), N2 (shade intensity 65%), and N3 (shade intensity 75%). Fertilizer rate also consisted of 4 levels of NPK: P1 (480 kg ha−1/3 harvest times), P2 (880 kg ha−1/3 harvest times), P3 (1280 kg ha−1/3 harvest times), and P4 (1680 kg ha−1/3 harvest times). The research results indicate that the optimum result for the katuk plant’s cutting population is achieved at a shade intensity >60%. Shade application affects the growth and production of katuk plants up to 20 WAP (3rd harvest). The use of 45% paranet is recommended to obtain highest growth and production of katuk, compared to cultivation in full sun conditions or using paranet with a higher shade intensity. Fertilizer rates showed linear results, thus, this research has not yet been able to recommend the optimum fertilizer rate for katuk growth and production.
Effect of imidacloprid, profenofos, and abamectin on the flight activity of stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Mubin N , Elviana N , Permatasari O S I , Harahap I S
Published: July 2024

Bees play an important part in agricultural pollination. One of the hypothesized reasons of colony collapse disorder (CCD), or the sharp decline in bee colonies across the globe, is the extensive use of pesticides. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of the insecticides profenofos, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tetragonula laeviceps flying activity. A screen house of 6.5 by 6.5 by 2.5 meters in length, breadth, and height was used for the research. As part of the methodology, the following steps were taken: the land was prepared; tomatoes were planted; and insecticides containing the active ingredients imidacloprid 5%, profenofos 500 g/l, and abamectin 18 g/l were applied; the formulation concentrations were 4 g/l, 1 ml/l, and 2 ml/l, respectively. The findings demonstrated that, in comparison to abamectin 18 g/l, imidacloprid 5% and profenofos 500 g/l treatments considerably impacted the bee activity of entering and exiting. In addition, the duration and quantity of visits to flowers and plants following spraying were likewise impacted by the three insecticides. Besides, using pesticides can kill bees and have an impact on their ability to fly. Furthermore, this will hinder plant pollination and lower agricultural productivity.
Development of Web Based Integrated Conservation Forest Partnership for National Park Management
Authors: Rahma Kadarisman A’isy Mufidah
Published: July 2024

Community conflicts in national parks can be resolved through conservation partnerships, which promote sustainability and can be a win-win solution. Despite the emphasis on protection, preservation, and sustainable use in today’s conservation paradigm, implementation is still ineffective, due to the lack of pentahelix collaboration. This study has the objective to create a web-based conservation partnership concept that brings together communities, industry, media, academic institutions, and government to ensure the sustainable management of national parks. Journal articles related to Indonesian forestry were reviewed using content analysis. Internet of Things (IoT) provides a platform for pentahelix components to collaborate. IoT facilitates public’s access to educational institutions and submission of conservation partnership cooperation agreements to area managers, both in terms of document preparation and technical aspects. By leveraging CSR, conservation partnerships can be brought closer to the business world or companies to finance the implementation of conservation programs, hence facilitate the engagement of media by conservation partnerships for promotions and conservation campaigns. Additionally, it gives conservation partnerships the chance to cooperate with other conservation partnerships or non-governmental organizations in the social and environmental sectors. The study demonstrates that creating an integrated online conservation partnership is a reliable method to enhance national parks management.
Application of kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) myco-seedcake to support energy forest establishment
Authors: Pratiwi J , Mansur I , Wulandari A S
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy can be used sustainably. The effort to support renewable energy is to develop energy plantation forests by utilizing tree wood energy species such as Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). One example of the development of a direct seeding method is myco-seedcake. Myco-seedcake is a method that can provide seeds with a nutritious medium. This study aims to determine how myco-seedcake treatment affects the germination and growth of kaliandra plants. Myco-seedcake is made from 170 g of myco-seedcake media, 0.5 g of adhesive, and 150 mL of water. Myco-seedcake is formed with a diameter and thickness according to the treatment. The process of making and sending myco-seedcake to the planting site is quite far, so it is necessary to test the storage time of myco-seedcake. The treatments used were storage time (0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days), diameter (4, 5, 6 cm), and thickness (1 and 2 cm). Myco-seedcake kaliandra can grow up to a storage time of 30 days, with maximum growth at a storage time of 0-14 days. A diameter of 4 cm and a thickness of 1 cm of myco-seedcake meet the nutritional and space requirements required for the germination and growth of kaliandra seeds.
Storage effectiveness of cajuput seedcake (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) to increase the success of post-mining land reclamation
Authors: Rahma N , Mansur I , Herliyana E N
Published: July 2024

Successful post-mining reclamation using direct seeding is difficult to achieve. Seeds carried by runoff, especially fine seeds (e.g., cajuput), and poor soil conditions limit effective seed germination and establishment of desired plants. Seedcakes containing organic pesticides are emerging as a direct tool to increase reclamation success. Unfortunately, the seedcake manufacturing site is usually far from the mining area. Therefore, it is necessary to know how long the seedcake can be stored as an assumption for the duration of distribution. This study aims to investigate the effects of seedcake storage on seed viability. Seedcake was prepared with water, adhesive, medium, and organic pesticide ingredients with 0, 5, and 10 ml/L concentrations. The organic pesticides were applied by different methods: soaking cajuput seeds with organic pesticide for 20 minutes, mixing organic pesticide with adhesive, and spraying organic pesticide on the seedcake before drying. Seedcakes were formed into 5 cm diameter and 1 cm thickness flat circles. Seedcakes were stored for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days before planting. The results showed that seedcakes can be stored for 30 days; however, the maximum germination rate was the seedcake with 0-day storage and 10 ml/L organic pesticide.
Physical, chemical, and in vitro digestibility of complete feed block silage based on oil palm fronds
Authors: Safira N , Nahrowi  , Diapari D , Ridla M
Published: July 2024

Studies on complete feed block silage based on oil palm fronds (OPF) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical qualities, as well as the in vitro digestibility, of complete feed block silage based on OPF for beef cattle. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) involving three feed treatments with five replicates. The treatments included P0 = untreated complete feed based on OPF, P1 = P0 turned into silage, and P2 = P1 dried and formed into blocks. Physical characteristics and nutrient contents were analyzed descriptively. Digestibility data and pH values were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that P2 had a softer texture and higher acidic aroma than P0 and lower than P1. The acidity of P2 was higher than that of P1 and lower than that of P0. The digestibility values for dry and organic matter were similar for all the treatments. In conclusion, drying and block formation in P2 improved the physical characteristics and aroma of silage blocks but did not significantly affect the digestibility of dry and organic matter.
Prospects of The Development of The Sustainable Natural Textile Dye Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Junita  , Fauzi Anas Miftah , Sunarti Titi Candra , Yulianto Aton
Published: July 2024

This Systematic Literature (SLR) identifies the studies conducted so far on developing natural dyes for textiles. Synthetic dyes are harmful to the environment as they are not naturally degradable. Using natural dyes in the textile industry is one of the solutions to reduce the environmental impact. Currently, natural dyes are primarily used in the textile and handicraft industry at the level of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), where the industry still carries out planting to extraction. If natural dyes are to be applied as textile dyes, especially batik, an industry that develops natural dyes is needed to maintain the continuity and availability of natural dyes. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize empirical knowledge relevant to the sustainability of the textile natural dye industry. The literature study used articles published between 2019-2023 in reputable journals. From the literature review results, we found that most of the studies covered the sources of natural dyes and their extraction processes, as well as the sustainability of natural dyes. The literature review found that studies on natural textile dyes still need to be developed, including how to develop natural dye agro-industry institutions to guarantee their continuity and availability.
Morphological Characteristics of the Intestine of Cemani Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Jaya J N , Novelina S , Pamungkas J , Nurhidayat
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted with aim to tend out morphology of small intestine and large intestine of Cemani chicken at macroscopic and microscopic levels stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Samples were taken from intestines of three cemani chickens. The results showed that the length of the small and large intestine was 96.73±6.82 cm. The color of small intestine of the Cemani chicken was not completely black. The microscopic of intestinal wall were composed of four layers, tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. Melanin pigment is distributed in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the large intestine, tunica submucosa of the large intestine, tunica muscularis of the ileum and large intestine, and throughout the intestinal serosa. In addition, melanin pigment is found around the blood vessels and bursa Fabricius.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Sengon (Falcataria falcata) Accessions to Gall Rust Disease
Authors: Siregar U J , Cefhiandra F A , Haneda N F
Published: July 2024

Sengon is widely planted and utilized due to its many advantages such as having high economic value, fast harvesting, easy growing and maintenance. However, sengon grown in monoculture is susceptible to gall-rust disease caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatariae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of sengon progeny test in Kediri and application of SNPs markers on accessions of sengon progeny that are resistant and susceptible to gall-rust disease. This information is needed as a basis for tree improvement of resistant sengon strain. The total samples tested was 40 progenies from 5 resistant and 5 susceptible families with 4 progeny replications per family. Each sample was tested using 6 SNPs primers with the High Resolution Melting (HRM) method and data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Principal Component Analysist (PCA). The intensity and severity of disease occurence in resistant and susceptible families were not significantly different. The results of SNPs analysis showed that the genes were associated with sengon resistance traits. PCA analysis showed that the 6 primers used were able to separate the resistant from susceptible accessions, and thus the SNP markers can be utilized for selection of sengon gall-rust resistant lines.
Anthocyanin Extraction and pH-Modulated Color Alterations in Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors: Handayani Lia , Aprilia Sri , Arahman Nasrul , Bilad Muhammad Roil
Published: July 2024

This study explores the potential of Butterfly pea flowers (BPF) as an abundant reservoir of anthocyanins, offering natural colorants. These flowers contain ternatin, responsible for their distinct and naturally occurring blue hue. Fresh and dried BPF were obtained locally and subjected to anthocyanin extraction through a 72-hour maceration process, using methanol as the solvent. Overall anthocyanin content was quantified using the pH differential method at both pH 1 and pH 4.5. Notably, fresh BPF exhibited significantly higher total anthocyanin levels (551,063 mg/L) compared to dried flowers (217,086 mg/L). The study also evaluated the color changes in BPF extracts across a wide range of environmental pH conditions, spanning from pH 1 to pH 14. The findings highlighted the remarkable sensitivity of CTAs-1 to color changes under varying pH conditions, suggests its capability as a reliable pH indicator. Additionally, this research underscores the viability of fresh BPF as a valuable alternative source for rare blue food coloring, making it a valuable contribution to the field.
Plant Biodiversity of Mixed Garden in Lariang Mamasa Watershed, West Sulawesi
Authors: Setiawan J , Kaswanto  , Sjaf S , Aulia R , Parahita A A , Rohadi P P
Published: July 2024

The mixed-plantation agroforestry system is a land management system that combines agricultural and forestry crops. This study aims to determine the biodiversity and calculate species diversity index on mixed agroforestry garden system. Observations were carried out in 3 repetitions on mixed garden land with a total of 30 plots. The plot shape used is square with dimensions of 20 x 20 m. Number of species was counted, diameter at breast height (DBH) and plant height were measured. Data were used to estimate species diversity index. Results showed that 84 species obtained in Sipai Village and 109 species obtained in Tonyaman Village. The species diversity index in Sipai Village is 3,46 and Tonyaman Village is 3,63. This research concludes that Sipai Village and Tonyaman Village have a high plant biodiversity.
Alleviating drought stress on Allium cepa mediated by drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria
Authors: Saryanah N A , Bidara I S , Rosdayanti H , Hardiyanti S , Irawati A F C , Sulastri S , Sukmadi R B , Roswanjaya Y P , Asiani N
Published: July 2024

Drought stress poses a threat to the yield of shallot (Allium cepa) due to its adverse effect on the growth, biochemical, and physiology of the plant. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria associated with plants in dry areas are prospectively utilized as biostimulants in enhancing the tolerance of crops against drought stress. This study investigated the responses of growth and biochemical attributes of shallot by inoculation of drought-tolerant bacteria with multiple PGP traits under drought stress. We isolated drought-tolerant bacteria associated with various plants growing in the dry land of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Nine drought-tolerant bacteria and a consortium were screened for PGP traits, growth assay and biochemical responses of shallot under drought stress. There are no significant effects of bacterial treatment on shallot plant growth after water stress treatment (50% field capacity). However, bacterial isolates A59-4 showed the highest effect on chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll, and also significantly increased the total soluble sugar content (100% increment) of shallot under drought stress. Our study revealed that bacterial isolate A59-4 is a prospective biostimulant to alleviate the drought stress effect on shallot crops.
Investigated of marine endophytic fungi Aspergillus terreus extract’s antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Nabila S , Suharti S , Tarman K
Published: July 2024

Efforts to control bacterial infectious diseases are carried out by giving natural antibacterial. One of the natural antibacterial sources is marine fungi, including algae extracts and mangrove leaves. The study aimed to analyze the antibacterial properties and active compound of endophytic marine fungi Aspergillus terreus extract against Salmonella Typhimurium. The methods used in this study include cultivation, extraction, antibacterial test, fractination using Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC), and bioautography. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the Aspergillus terreus isolates that were cultivated on the nine days have maximum antibacterial activity around 8.88 mm (level 2 mg), 6.61 mm (level 1 mg), and 4.91 mm (level 0.5 mg). The active compounds contained in the extract of Aspergillus terreus were steroids, phenols, and flavonoids. Fractionation with TLC and bioautography showed an inhibitory zone of Aspergillus terreus was 17.7 mm at retention factor (Rf) values of 0.9, 0.83 (λ=254 nm) or 0.8 (λ=366 nm). In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus as marine fungi from mangrove leaves cultivated for nine days, had the largest inhibition zone diameter 8.88 mm (level 2 mg). The active compounds of fungi were steroids, phenols, and flavonoids.
Climate smart agriculture strategy for drought-prone areas: The role of land surface temperature data
Authors: Sholihah R I , Trisasongko B H , Kusdaryanto S , Karyati N E , Panuju D R , Iman L O S , Shiddiq D
Published: July 2024

Climate change is a severe environmental problem worldwide, affecting many sectors, particularly agriculture. Monitoring climate fluctuation in agricultural areas is a substantial way to maintain food security, especially in Indonesia. The rise of surface temperature contributes to the drought phenomenon that triggers various agricultural problems, such as crop disease, production loss, land conversion, soil nutrient depletion, and biodiversity loss. With this sense, implementing climate-smart agriculture (CSA) schemes is necessary to secure food production, climate resiliency, and environmental sustainability. Land surface temperature (LST) derivation by using satellite-borne technology is an invaluable solution for monitoring climate dynamics in vast agricultural lands. This study were used temperature bands from the TIRS sensor of Landsat 8 and 9 data to estimate LST in the Middle Citarum watershed. This research aimed to estimate LST series during 2013-2023 dry seasons, which acts as an initial warning system for mitigating drought occurrence in Middle Citarum. This study revealed that the average of LST values during 2013-2023 spanned from 22.54°C to 33.14°C, which somewhat unsuits to optimal rice production. The highest temperature during these periods was 38.98°C, occurred in 2015. This condition was also associated with the 2015 drought event, which was an unparalleled warming worldwide. Based on the LST derivation in the study area, since 2018 to 2023, maximum land surface temperature has steadily been above 30°C. This suggests that drought probability has risen, and the figure should warn of potential failure in crop production during the season. With the development of LST time series, these data sets could contribute to an effective strategy as part of CSA adoption to understand and mitigate drought.
Analysis of the influence of financial, carbon, and environmental performance on carbon emission disclosure
Authors: Harits M R , Mutasowifin A
Published: July 2024

Industrial development has a detrimental impact on the Earth’s rising surface temperature, primarily due to greenhouse gas emissions. In Indonesia, the energy sector was the leading contributor to carbon emissions until 2022. This study aims to investigate the relationship between financial, carbon, and environmental performance and carbon emissions disclosure. The sample for this research was selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising 20 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Panel data regression analysis was conducted, with carbon emissions disclosure being the dependent variable and profitability, leverage, environmental performance, company size, and carbon performance as the independent variables. The study’s results indicate that financial performance, environmental performance, and company size have a significant impact on carbon emissions disclosure, while leverage and carbon performance do not have a significant effect.
Physiological Response of Sheep Fed a Diet Supplemented with Carbohydrate or Vegetable Oils as Different Energy Sources
Authors: Sudarman A , Riyadi I , Khotijah L
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets with different energy sources on physiological responses in sheep. This study used 16 sheep which were allocated into completely randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were T1 = Ration contained forages 100%, T2 = Ration contained forages 40% + concentrate 30% + cassava flour 30%, T3 = Ration contained forages 40% + concentrate 50.3% + palm oil 9.7%, and T4 = Ration contained forages 40% + concentrate 50.3% + canola oil 9.7%. The variables measured were rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, hematocrit, water intake and fecal dry matter. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and any significant results were further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that different energy sources in the diet significantly affected (p<0.05) respiration rate, but did not affect heart rate, rectal temperature, water intake, fecal dry matter and hematocrit value. It is concluded that cassava flour increase respiration rate of sheep higher than those supplemented with palm oil and canola oil. There are no differences in other physiological responses among the three treatments.
Analysis of the permaculture approach to ex-rob land as sustainable resources to improvement community welfare
Authors: Hidayat J T , Mujio  , Febriani Y , Sasmita A , Tisnawati  , Andhika B , Alfandi L , Nurdiati R E , Arsenna A C
Published: July 2024

The rob flood disaster in Pekalongan Regency that occurred in 2000-2019 left land that was previously rice fields as land that could not be cultivated and could not be returned to its original function as agricultural land. This is because the quality of the former rob land is still low due to being submerged in brackish water for years, so that if it is cultivated as agricultural land there is still a long way to go. The impact after the rob occurred was a decline in the quality of the environment and the economy of the village community because agricultural activities, which previously had become the main livelihood of the community, became non-existent, thereby increasing the poverty rate in the area affected by the rob disaster. The research will answer how permaculture is one of the solutions for the community of Api-api Village, Wonokerto District, for land and environmental restoration as well as the village community’s economy. Restore land productivity by paying attention to current environmental conditions and paying attention to the history of activities before the rob flood disaster to restore land function and increase the income of communities affected by rob.
The exponential smoothing model for squid production in Muara Angke Fishing Port, Jakarta
Authors: Mustaruddin  , Puspito G , Zanlee B Z , Nugroho T
Published: July 2024

Squid production in Muara Angke Fishing Port supported the needs of the processing industry, local market, and export demand through Tanjung Priok Port. However, it was often constrained because the results of fishing in the sea took a lot of work to predict. The study aimed to analyze the existing squid fishery and determine the appropriate exponential smoothing model for forecasting squid production in Muara Angke Fishing Port. The method used descriptive analysis and single exponential smoothing analysis. Model selection was based on the results of MAPE and RMSE tests. Production of squid in Muara Angke Fishing Port fluctuated yearly with an increasing trend. The highest production occurred in 2021 (28,572.52 tons). Bouke ami was the dominant fishing gear for catching squid, with a percentage of 61.46%. The appropriate model for forecasting squid production in Muara Angke Fishing Port was the exponential smoothing model α=0.8. This model had the lowest deviation rate compared to the exponential smoothing model α=0.2, α=0.4, and α=0.6, which were indicated by the value of MAPE = 18.92 and RMSE = 4432.34. Within ten years, there could be 3 times the ups and downs of squid production in Muara Angke Fishing Port.
Hunting and trade in Papuan bird-of-paradise: Current situation and sustainability
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A
Published: July 2024

Bird-of-paradise has been illegally traded for its beautiful plumage. The objective of this paper was to revealed the current situation of the trade and analyzed the sustainability of the future population, through direct interview to 5 ex-hunters in Asiki (east-central Papua) and visit to the lek trees. Most trade were based on pre-order from buyers as souvenirs. Local people hunted the birds using air rifle, when the birds were lekking on tall-emergent trees during breeding season. After cleaning and drying, the dried plumage-skin was ready to be delivered to buyers. The price ranged IDR 300,000 to 3 million, a handsome amount for additional income to the hunters. Buyers were mostly army troops members (non-Papuan) who returned back from their tour-of-duty, tourists, and persons who need the skin as gifts or traditional ceremonies. The bird was able to use the log-over secondary forests. However, road developments and forest fragmentation threatened their sustainability. Further, forest conversion to oil-palm and industrial-forest would eliminate their habitat. If the illegal hunting is still going-on, it might drive this bird into extirpation. Awareness to buyers is needed, as the skin is demand-driven. The hunters were actually aware that this species is already prohibited to be hunted.
Physical and nutritional properties of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) meal: a prospective alternative ingredient for poultry feed
Authors: Mutia R , Ridla M , Hermana W
Published: July 2024

Canavalia ensiformis L. (jackbean) meal shows potential as an ingredient for poultry feed protein source, providing essential nutrients for poultry growth while reducing dependence on soybean meal. However, the incorporation of jackbean meal in poultry rations is limited due to a need for comprehensive information on factors such as nutritional and anti-nutritional content, digestibility, and nutrient utilization. This experiment is designed to contribute valuable insights into the potential of jackbean meal as an alternative protein source for poultry feed by assessing its physicochemical value, metabolizable energy, and protein digestibility. The study assessed the crude levels of protein, fiber, ash, and ether extract, as well as the presence of HCN. Additionally, it evaluated the bulk and tapped density of peeled and unpeeled jackbean meal compared to soybean meal. Metabolizable energy and protein digestibility were also assessed. The acquired data underwent analysis through analysis of variance and Tukey test when significances were found. The results of the experiment indicated that the physicochemical quality, metabolizable energy, and protein digestibility of the peeled and unpeeled jack bean meal was comparable to that of soybean meal. In addition, the peeled revealed better results compared to the unpeeled jackbean meal.
Development of clean water supply policies to achieve SDG 6 targets in Bengkulu City
Authors: Khalik I , Sapei A , Hariyadi S , Anggraeni E
Published: July 2024

The need for clean water has greatly increased in urban regions due to economic expansion and population growth. Meanwhile, water resources are facing increasing pressure due to environmental pollution. In relation to SDG goal 6, which mandates the availability of clean water as a basic need for all, this research aims to develop a policy scenario for a sustainable clean water supply in Bengkulu City. The method used is an integration of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and system dynamics (SD). The simulation shows that the average total water demand in 2030 under existing conditions reached 800,577 m3/month (9.61 million m3/year); under 50% service coverage conditions, it became 914,865 m3/month (10.98 million m3/year); and under 75% service coverage conditions there was an increase in total water demand to 1.32 million m3/month (15.88 million m3/year). In addition, to fulfill water availability in 2030, the following policy scenarios were simulated: (i) business as usual scenario, a shortfall in water availability; (ii) pessimistic scenario, water availability can meet service coverage by 43%; (iii) moderate scenario, water availability can meet service coverage by 50%; and (iv) optimistic scenario, water availability can meet service coverage by 75%. Some policy directions for the sustainability of clean water supply in Bengkulu City are integrated water resources management with community involvement, additional clean water infrastructure, and reduced water loss through regular checking of water distribution pipes.
Community Participation in Tourism Development in the Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone, Banten Province
Authors: Mulyawati L S , Febriani Y , Yanuadi A , Komalasari D , Fataharani P
Published: July 2024

Community participation is highly needed in supporting the development programs of Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Community participation has a positive effect on the development of leading tourist zones in Banten Province. The role of local communities in tourism activities has been widely developed, for example, the concept of Community Based Tourism. This study has purposed to identify community readiness for the development of SEZ, analyze community empowerment programs carried out by SEZ, and analyze the form of local community participation in tourism development. The local communities around SEZ are ready to support new activities that will grow in their area. A total of 92.31% of respondents agreed to collaborate and develop Floating fish cage/Lift Net/Pond as a tourist destination. In addition, the community also felt a positive impact from the existence and activities of tourism in SEZ, covering economic improvement, social life, and cultural influence of the community. The most dominant community participation is in the program support and becoming a partner in tourism activities. The local community also felt the cooperation and assistance provided by the Tanjung Lesung SEZ, covers compensation for orphans, the contribution of clean water facilities, and repair & arrangement of Floating Fish Cage/Lift Net/Pond to be used as a tourist destination. This study shows that the level of participation in the tourist area is at level 6 (partnership). The community and managers have mutual dependence to achieve the community welfare of the Tanjung Lesung SEZ.