bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of annexin V N-terminus for 2D crystal formation and quick purification protocol of recombinant annexin V
Authors: Yamada Ryusei , Trang Tran Ngoc , Flechsig Holger , Takeda Toshiki , Kodera Noriyuki , Konno Hiroki
Published: December 2022

Annexin V forms trimeric structures which further assemble into two-dimensional crystal (2D crystal) lattices on negatively charged phospholipid bilayer in a Ca2+-dependent manner. It is also known that annexin V 2D crystals show two types of symmetric patterns with six-fold symmetry (p6) and three-fold symmetry (p3). The p6 lattice also contains additional trimers in the gaps between the p6 axes, which are also referred to as non-p6 trimers because they do not participate in the formation of the p6 lattice. We here show that the annexin V N-terminal has significant influence on 2D crystal formation using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) observations. We also present a quick purification method to purify recombinant annexin V without any residual affinity tag after protein purification in ~3h.
Pharmaceutical care program for patients with chronic kidney disease in the community pharmacy: Detection of nephrotoxic drugs and dose adjustment. Viability study
Authors: Escribá-Martí Gema , Cámara-Ramos Iker , Climent-Catalá María Teresa , Escudero-Quesada Verónica , Salar-Ibáñez Luis
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem. Early detection is the key to reducing morbidity and mortality, but it is difficult because it occurs without symptoms. Diagnosis of CKD is also important to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and to adjust the doses of other medications that may be affected. Pharmacies, due to their proximity to the population, frequency of patient visits, and knowledge of medication use are an ideal location for point-of-care diagnosis or CKD.

Objective

To detect and refer to the primary care physician patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) who use nephrotoxic drugs or who may require a dose adjustment.

Methodology

Pharmacy users over 60 years of age who agreed to participate were given a creatinine/eGFR test with a point-of-care meter. The eGFR was calculated and if it was less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, their medications were evaluated to identify nephrotoxic drugs or drugs that potentially required adjustment. If either were found, they were referred to their doctor for further management.

Results

198 patients were recruited in 4 pharmacies, of which 87 (43.9%) had an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. They were taking a total of 635 medications. Of these 635 medications, 50 (7.9%) were affected by kidney function. Dose adjustment was recommended in 31 and discontinuation in 19. The primary care doctor accepted the recommendations for 14 medications: dose adjustment for 6 and withdrawal in 8. This represents 2.3% of medications taken by patients with an eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The 50 medications identified were taken by 29 patients (33.3% of the 87 with a low eGFR) and a change in treatment was generated in 9 patients, representing 4.6% of the total number of patients in the sample, and 10% of the patients with a low eGFR.

Conclusion

Point-of-care testing for kidney function in a pharmacy setting is feasible and identifies a significant number of patients with eGFR under 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. It also allows for appropriate medication management recommendations in this patient group.
Notch signaling regulates vasculogenic mimicry and promotes cell morphogenesis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Benjakul Nontawat , Prakobphol Nattapa , Tangshewinsirikul Chayada , Dulyaphat Wirada , Svasti Jisnuson , Charngkaew Komgrid , Kangsamaksin Thaned
Published: December 2022

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the process where cancer cells adopt endothelial characteristics by forming tube-like structures and perfusing channels. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in several types of solid tumors and associated with the growth and survival of tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the presence of VM formation in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the VM process. In human PDAC tissues, CD31-negative, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive channels were predominantly found in desmoplastic areas, which are generally also hypovascularized. We found a positive correlation of VM capacity to tumor size and NOTCH1 expression and nuclear localization with statistical significance, implicating that Notch activity is involved with VM formation. Additionally, our data showed that the presence of growth or angiogenic factors significantly increased Notch activity in PDAC cell lines and upregulated several mesenchymal marker genes, such as TWIST1 and SNAI1, which can be inhibited by a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Our data showed that Notch signaling plays an important role in inducing VM formation in PDAC by promoting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process.
Molecular evolution and signatures of selective pressures on Bos, focusing on the Nelore breed (Bos indicus)
Authors: Cortez Thainá , Montenegro Horácio , Coutinho Luiz L. , Regitano Luciana C. A. , Andrade Sónia C. S.
Published: December 2022

Evolutionary history leads to genome changes over time, especially for species that have experienced intense selective pressures over a short period. Here, we investigated the genomic evolution of Bos species by searching for potential selection signatures, focusing on Nelore, an economically relevant cattle breed in Brazil. We assessed the genomic processes determining the molecular evolution across Nelore and thirteen other related taxa by evaluating (i) amino acid sequence conservation, (ii) the dN/dS ratio, and (iii) gene families’ turnover rate (λ). Low conserved regions potentially associated with fatty acid metabolism seem to reflect differences in meat fat content in taxa with different evolutionary histories. All Bos species presented genes under positive selection, especially B. indicus and Nelore, which include transport protein cobalamin, glycolipid metabolism, and hormone signaling. These findings could be explained by constant selective pressures to obtain higher immune resistance and efficient metabolism. The gene contraction rate across the Nelore + B. indicus branch was almost nine times higher than that in other lineages (λ = 0.01043 vs. 0.00121), indicating gene losses during the domestication process. Amino acid biosynthesis, reproductive and innate immune system-related pathways were associated with genes recognized within the most frequent rapidly evolving gene families and in genes under positive selection, supporting the substantial relevance of such traits from a domestication perspective. Our data provide new insights into how the genome may respond to intense artificial selection in distinct taxa, and reinforces the presence of selective pressures on traits potentially relevant for future animal breeding investments.
Analysis of body heat tolerance of workers in a simulated warm environment based on linear mixed model
Authors: Aliabadi Mohsen , Shafiee Motlagh Masoud , Golmohammadi Rostam , Heidarimoghadam Rashid , Farhadian Maryam
Published: December 2022

Workers’ heat tolerance plays a crucial role in maintaining their health and performance in hot environments. This study aimed to empirically analyze the body heat tolerance of workers under a simulated warm environment. Twenty healthy male workers from the typical light metal industry (age: 23.15±2.45 years) were participated in the experimental study. Workers were exposed to two thermal environments (Ta = 22°C, RH = 35%, and Ta = 35°C, RH = 35%) in a simulated moderate workload in a climate-controlled room. The maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and body fat mass of workers were determined. The heat tolerance indicators were determined based on heart rate (HR) and ear temperature (ET) before and after each experiment. A linear mixed model was employed to analyze body heat tolerance indicators using the SPSS statistical package. All physiological responses significantly increased in the warm air condition compared to the thermoneutral condition. The HR and ET increased by an average of 14 bpm and 0.75°C, respectively (p<0.05). The mixed model could accurately predict heat tolerance indicators (r = 0.95 and r = 0.97) so that the VO2 max and body fat mass were identified as the main individual influential factors. The VO2 max showed significant correlation with urinary specific gravity (r = -0.55, p<0.05), HR (r = -0.59, p<0.05), and ET (r = -0.57, p<0.05) in warm environment. The model confirmed that physical fitness is critical in increasing heat tolerance in warm environments. It can be a helpful screening tool for properly selecting workers in occupational medical examinations for working in warm air conditions. It is proposed that workers’ regular exercise and lifestyle modifications can strengthen their heat tolerance.
Diminishing returns: Nudging Covid-19 prevention among Colombian young adults
Authors: Blackman Allen , Hoffmann Bridget
Published: December 2022

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) like social distancing, face masks, and handwashing will continue to be a frontline defense against Covid-19 for some time. But their effectiveness depends critically on compliance by young adults, who are most likely both to become infected and to infect others. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Bogotá, Colombia, to assess the effectiveness of informational nudges emphasizing the private and public benefits of compliance on university students’ concern about Covid-19, recent compliance with NPI recommendations, and intended future compliance. Although nudges boosted concern, they had limited effects on either recent or intended future compliance. We attribute these null results to high baseline levels of information about and compliance with NPIs, an informational diminishing returns scenario that is likely to be increasingly common globally.
Childhood sexual abuse, alcohol and drug use problems among Black sexual minority men in six US Cities: Findings from the HPTN 061 study
Authors: Shangani Sylvia , van den Berg Jacob J. , Dyer Typhanye V. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Operario Don
Published: December 2022

Background

Prior research has found a high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among sexual minority men (SMM) in the US, and has indicated that CSA is associated with higher rates of alcohol and drug use disorders. However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on White SMM. We assessed associations of CSA, alcohol use, and drug use problems among adult Black SMM.

Methods

Participants were 1,016 Black SMM recruited from six US cities (Atlanta, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, DC) between July 2009 and December 2011. We used hierarchical logistic regression to evaluate the associations between CSA, alcohol use problems (≥ 8 AUDIT), and drug use problems (excluding marijuana).

Results

Mean (SD) age was 37.8 (11.7) years, and 28.6% and 49.2% reported alcohol and drug use disorders in the past six months, respectively. Most of the study participants reported history of CSA (70.3%). Adjusting for sociodemographic and confounding variables, CSA was associated with higher odds of alcohol use problems (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52, 95% CI 1.09, 2.12) and drug use problems (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.10) than non-CSA group.

Conclusion

Prevalence of CSA is high among BSMM in the US and is positively associated with alcohol and drug use problems. Substance use interventions should address the psychological health needs of BSMM with a history of CSA.
Prevalence and correlates of multidimensional child poverty in India during 2015–2021: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Pradhan Jalandhar , Ray Soumen , Nielsen Monika O. , Himanshu
Published: December 2022

Despite increasing research and programs to eradicate poverty, poverty still exists and is a far greater concern for children than adults, leading child poverty to become a political, economic, and social issue worldwide and in India. The current study aims to find variations in the prevalence of child poverty and associated factors in India during 2015–21. In the current study, we used two consecutive rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16 & NFHS-5, 2019–21) to estimate child poverty (aged 0–59 months) using the Alkire-Foster method. The multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to find the important cofounder and cluster level variation in child poverty. The results show that about 38 percent of children were multidimensionally poor in 2015–16, which reduced to 27 percent in 2019–21. The decomposition analysis suggests that contribution of nutrition domain to child poverty increases over time, whereas the standard of living substantially declines from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. The multilevel analysis results show that the age and sex of the child, age and years of schooling of the mother, children ever born, religion, caste, wealth quintile and central, northeast, north and west regions are significantly associated with child poverty over time. Further, the variance participation coefficient statistics show that about 12 percent of the variation in the prevalence of child poverty could be attributed to differences at the community level. The prevalence of child poverty significantly declines over time, and the community-level variation is higher than the district-level in both surveys. However, the community-level variation shows increases over time. The finding suggests a need to improve the nutritional status and standard of living of most deprived households by promoting a child-centric and dimension-specific approach with more focus on PSU-level intervension should adopt in order to lessen child poverty in India.
Preliminary validation of the Chinese version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among patients with facial disfigurement from nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Cai Yuqi , Zhang Yuan , Cao Wangnan , Hou Fengsu , Xin Meiqi , Guo Vivian Yawei , Deng Yang , Wang Shenghao , You Xinyi , Li Jinghua
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study examined the reliability and validity of a Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) and assessed shame and stigma among patients with facial disfigurement from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Data were collected from 218 patients with NPC through a cross-sectional survey between January 14, 2020, and December 1, 2020. The original SSS is a 20-item scale with four dimensions (i.e., shame with appearance, sense of stigma, regret, and social/speech concern). We used Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega to assess reliability and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to assess the factor structure. We also used Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationship between each item and total score of scale items and convergent validity.

Results

The final 18-item SSS had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .89. The EFA revealed that the SSS has a four-factor structure: sense of stigma, social/speech concern, shame with appearance, and regret. These factors showed satisfactory reliability, with McDonald’s omega coefficients of .87, .77, .86, and .79, respectively. The scale showed significant relationship between each item and total score of scale items with respect to item–total correlations, item–subscale correlations, and item–other-subscale correlations. Convergent validity was supported by the significant positively correlated with the total scores for depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

The SSS is valid and reliable in assessing shame and stigma and monitoring treatment compliance among patients with NPC.
An exploration of under-registration of chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 in Belgian general practices using logistic regression
Authors: Van den Wyngaert Ine , Mamouris Pavlos , Vaes Bert , Van Pottelbergh Gijs
Published: December 2022

Background

Early detection and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) can prevent further deterioration and complications. Previous studies suggested that the diagnosis is often made when advanced renal failure occurs. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of unregistered CKD stages 3–5 in a Belgian General Practitioner population, to determine risk factors for under-registration and to investigate the diagnostic delay.

Methods

The analyses were carried out in the INTEGO database, a Flanders general practice-based morbidity registration network. The study used INTEGO data from the year 2018 for all patients ≥18 years old. CKD was defined as two consecutive eGFR laboratory measurements (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) at least three months apart during the baseline period. Registered CKD was characterised by a documented diagnosis of CKD (ICPC2 U99) during the ≥12-month lookback period before the first eGFR measurement and up to six months after the second eGFR in the EHR. The prevalence of unregistered CKD and the median time of diagnostic delay were estimated. Baseline characteristics were described. A multivariate cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants of unregistered CKD. We estimated the odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval.

Results

Among included patients, there were 10 551 patients (5.5%) meeting the criteria of CKD. The prevalence of unregistered CKD was 68%. The mean diagnostic delay was 1.94 years (Standard deviation 0.93). Being a male, a concurrent diagnosis of diabetes, stroke, heart failure and hypertension, and more severe CKD (stages 3b, 4 and 5) independently increased the chance on registered CKD.

Conclusion

The proportion of patients who had no registered CKD code in the EHR was substantial. The differences between registered and unregistered patients make thinking about solutions to facilitate registration in the EHR imperative.
A qualitative study about how families coped with managing their well-being, children’s physical activity and education during the COVID-19 school closures in England
Authors: Woodland Lisa , Hodson Ava , Webster Rebecca K. , Amlôt Richard , Smith Louise E. , Rubin G. James
Published: December 2022

In 2020, schools in England closed for six months due to COVID-19, resulting in children being home-schooled. There is limited understanding about the impacts of this on children’s mental and physical health and their education. Therefore, we explored how families coped with managing these issues during the school closures. We conducted 30 qualitative interviews with parents of children aged 18 years and under (who would usually be in school) between 16 and 21 April 2020. We identified three themes and eight sub-themes that impacted how families coped whilst schools were closed. We found that family dynamics, circumstances, and resources (Theme 1), changes in entertainment activities and physical movement (Theme 2) and worries about the COVID-19 pandemic (Theme 3) impacted how well families were able to cope. A key barrier to coping was struggles with home-schooling (e.g., lack of resources and support from the school). However, parents being more involved in their children’s personal development and education were considered a benefit to home-schooling. Managing the lack of entertainment activities and in-person interactions, and additional health worries about loved ones catching COVID-19 were challenges for families. Parents reported adverse behaviour changes in their children, although overall, they reported they were coping well. However, pre-existing social and educational inequalities are at risk of exacerbation. Families with more resources (e.g., parental supervision, access to green space, technology to facilitate home-schooling and no special educational needs) were better able to cope when schools were closed. On balance, however, families appeared to be able to adapt to the schools being closed. We suggest that policy should focus on supporting families to mitigate the widening health and educational gap between families with more and less resources.
Quality control on digital cancer registration
Authors: Guzzinati Stefano , Battagello Jessica , Bovo Emanuela , Baracco Maddalena , Baracco Susanna , Carpin Eva , Dal Cin Antonella , Fiore Anna Rita , Greco Alessandra , Martin Giancarla , memo Laura , Monetti Daniele , Rizzato Silvia , Stocco Carmen , Zamberlan Sara , Zorzi Manuel , Rugge Massimo
Published: December 2022

Population-based cancer registration methods are subject to internationally-established rules. To ensure efficient and effective case recording, population-based cancer registries widely adopt digital processing (DP) methods. At the Veneto Tumor Registry (RTV), about 50% of all digitally-identified (putative) cases of cancer are further profiled by means of registrars’ assessments (RAs). Taking these RAs for reference, the present study examines how well the registry’s DP performs. A series of 1,801 (putative) incident and prevalent cancers identified using DP methods were randomly assigned to two experienced registrars (blinded to the DP output), who independently re-assessed every case. This study focuses on the concordance between the DP output and the RAs as concerns cancer status (incident versus prevalent), topography, and morphology. The RAs confirmed the cancer status emerging from DP for 1,266/1,317 incident cancers (positive predictive value [PPV] = 96.1%) and 460/472 prevalent cancers (PPV = 97.5%). This level of concordance ranks as “optimal”, with a Cohen’s K value of 0.91. The overall prevalence of false-positive cancer cases identified by DP was 2.9%, and was affected by the number of digital variables available. DP and the RAs were consistent in identifying cancer topography in 88.7% of cases; differences concerned different sites within the same anatomo-functional district (according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC]) in 9.6% of cases. In short, using DP for cancer case registration suffers from only trivial inconsistencies. The efficiency and reliability of digital cancer registration is influenced by the availability of good-quality clinical information, and the regular interdisciplinary monitoring of a registry’s DP performance.
Effectiveness of brief mindfulness intervention for college students’ problematic smartphone use: The mediating role of self-control
Authors: Liu Fengbo , Zhang Zhongqiu , Liu Shuqiang , Feng Zhantao
Published: December 2022

Background

Mainland China has the most smartphone users worldwide, especially among college students, while mindfulness intervention can significantly alleviate the level of problematic smartphone use. We examined the effects of a brief mindfulness intervention on problematic smartphone use and investigated if this effect is mediated by self-control.

Methods

Participants were recruited randomly from a university in Beijing of China. Forty-four college students were assigned to a mindfulness group or a control group. The mindfulness group took part in a brief (30 min) single-session mindfulness intervention. The control group was instructed to listen to a neutral news audio recording for the same duration (30 min). The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, and Self-control Scale were used to measure state mindfulness, problematic smartphone use, and self-control of college students at pre-intervention and post-intervention, respectively.

Results

Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the mindfulness group had significant improvements in state mindfulness (p = .049) and self-control (p = .012), and had significant alleviation in problematic smartphone use (p < .001) at post-intervention. In the regression model, self-control had a mediating effect between mindfulness intervention and problematic smartphone use (95% CI [0.490, 7.216]).

Conclusions

A brief single-session mindfulness intervention can alleviate the level of problematic smartphone use and increase the level of state mindfulness and self-control compared to the control group. Self-control can completely mediate the efficacy of the mindfulness intervention in reducing problematic smartphone use.
Ubiquitin variants potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and viral replication via a novel site distal to the protease active site
Authors: van Vliet Vera J. E. , Huynh Nhan , Palà Judith , Patel Ankoor , Singer Alex , Slater Cole , Chung Jacky , van Huizen Mariska , Teyra Joan , Miersch Shane , Luu Gia-Khanh , Ye Wei , Sharma Nitin , Ganaie Safder S. , Russell Raquel , Chen Chao , Maynard Mindy , Amarasinghe Gaya K. , Mark Brian L. , Kikkert Marjolein , Sidhu Sachdev S.
Published: December 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has made it clear that combating coronavirus outbreaks benefits from a combination of vaccines and therapeutics. A promising drug target common to all coronaviruses—including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2—is the papain-like protease (PLpro). PLpro cleaves part of the viral replicase polyproteins into non-structural protein subunits, which are essential to the viral replication cycle. Additionally, PLpro can cleave both ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 from host cell substrates as a mechanism to evade innate immune responses during infection. These roles make PLpro an attractive antiviral drug target. Here we demonstrate that ubiquitin variants (UbVs) can be selected from a phage-displayed library and used to specifically and potently block SARS-CoV-2 PLpro activity. A crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro in complex with a representative UbV reveals a dimeric UbV bound to PLpro at a site distal to the catalytic site. Yet, the UbV inhibits the essential cleavage activities of the protease in vitro and in cells, and it reduces viral replication in cell culture by almost five orders of magnitude.
Intervenciones textuales y modelos de lectura, del Yosippón castellano a los textos ibéricos del Grial
Authors: Gutiérrez García Santiago
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo analiza un aspecto de la recepción de los relatos sobre historia antigua, profana y sagrada, en la península Ibérica durante el siglo XV. Para ello se tienen en cuenta las relaciones que se establecen entre las obras dedicadas a la historia de los judíos y la destrucción de Jerusalén, representadas por el Yosippón castellano y las leyendas sobre Vespasiano, así como las obras sobre el origen del Santo Grial, en concreto las versiones ibéricas de la Estoire del Saint Graal. Se concluye que todas ellas quedaban englobadas bajo un tipo de lectura nobiliario y caballeresco, que las interpretaba como textos de los que se podía extraer un cierto conocimiento de la Antigüedad, y a menudo entendidas como historiografía. Además, dicha interpretación condicionó el tratamiento que recibieron los textos citados, en los que se incorporaron envíos intertextuales con los que se reafirmaba la pertenencia de todos ellos a ese fondo narrativo común.
O papel da microbiota intestinal nos transtornos depressivos: uma revisão sobre o tema e estudos clínicos
Authors: Kasprowicz Julia Nahir , Savi Daiani Cristina
Published: December 2022

A ligação direta do eixo intestino-cérebro é cada vez mais debatida como um fator importante no desenvolvimento das doenças mentais, principalmente no transtorno depressivo maior. Há um eixo de comunicação bidirecional entre cérebro e intestino, onde anormalidades na microbiota intestinal afetam o cérebro e o comportamento. Neste sentido, as perturbações na microbiota intestinal, que favorecem a disbiose, são consideradas fator de risco chave para o transtorno depressivo, e a regulação desta é um método de terapia e prevenção da depressão. O presente estudo analisou o impacto do tratamento com probióticos no desenvolvimento do transtorno depressivo maior, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa de estudos clínicos publicados nos últimos 5 anos.  Ao total, foram selecionados 8 artigos, nos quais as bactérias estudadas pertencem aos gêneros Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus e Lactococcus. Os artigos apontam que a intervenção com probióticos atua no transtorno depressivo maior por três mecanismos de ação. Referindo-se a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, reduzindo o pH intestinal e retardando o crescimento de bactérias patogênicas. Promovendo a síntese de IgA a qual protege a barreira intestinal, impedindo a passagem de LPS para a circulação, diminuindo a inflamação sistêmica. Por fim, através do aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de triptofano e a diminuição da concentração de quinurenina, consequentemente melhorando a produção de serotonina. Assim, o cuidado com a microbiota intestinal e o uso de probióticos pode auxiliar no tratamento de transtornos depressivos e também na prevenção, atuando como uma nova opção terapêutica.
O uso do juri simulado como metodologia ativa para o ensino de Deontologia farmacêutica
Authors: Camargo Ely Eduardo Saranz
Published: December 2022

Um novo conceito de ensino e aprendizagem vem ganhando força entre as principais escolas brasileiras, as metodologias ativas. Método já utilizado há anos em alguns países do primeiro mundo, que insere o aluno na posição de protagonista, tornando-o dinâmico, ativo proporcionando domínio cognitivo. Dentre as metodologias utilizadas, nesse estudo foi proposta o Juri Simulado que consistiu numa forma de simular o julgamento de processo ético disciplinar, que foram organizados de acordo com a situação cotidiana de atuação do farmacêutico. Após distribuir dois processos, preparados para o desenvolvimento da metodologia, os acadêmicos se dividiram em dois grupos, uma para cada processo apresentado, os quais obedeceram a formação do plenário de um Conselho Regional de Farmácia, e foram escolhidos os réus, bem como seus respectivos advogados, caso fossem sugeridas intervenções jurídicas. No decorrer das discussões, separadamente cada um dos processos, os envolvidos escolheram um conselheiro relator, que fundamentou o voto e apresentou ao plenário, os quais abriram discussões até o término, ou seja, conclusão e voto final. O processo I teve prosseguimento, pois a envolvida recorreu da decisão ao plenário do Conselho Federal de Farmácia (CFF), que teve nova formação, juntando os membros dos dois processos para formação do plenário, 27 conselheiros, representando 26 estados e 1 Distrito Federal. Após apresentação do relator o processo foi discutido e ao final votado, mantendo a decisão proferida pelo conselho regional de origem. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que esse tipo de metodologia ativa é bastante relevante, proporcionando melhor entendimento e como consequência, aprendizado dos acadêmicos sobre a legislação farmacêutica.
Tratamento cirúrgico da diverticulite aguda complicada: Os desafios no século XXI
Authors: Aratake Henrique Alvarenga , de Lima Netto Aristóteles Mesquita , Mendonça Mateus Quaresma
Published: December 2022

Conforme o arcabouçou científico, explicitamos que as paredes do intestino grosso podem sofrer herniações que envolvem todas as suas camadas (divertículos verdadeiros) ou apenas herniações parciais (pseudodivertículos). Quando essas herniações estão presentes em pacientes assintomáticos são denominadas de doença diverticular. A principal complicação dessa doença é a diverticulite aguda. O objetivo desse estudo é relatar o caso de um paciente com diverticulite aguda complicada, mostrando quais são os melhores tratamentos disponíveis no Brasil, com ênfase em suas abordagens cirúrgicas. Atualmente, a técnica mais utilizada em pacientes com perfuração intestinal e a presença concomitante de líquido abdominal e pneumoperitoneo é a colectomia com colostomia terminal e sepultamento do coto retal. Como aporte teórico o presente artigo fundamentou-se em Salles (2012) e Peery e Sandler (2013), dentre outros autores que subsidiaram o estudo em questão. Porém, há uma variedade de técnicas que podem ser utilizadas.
Complicações e sequelas neurológicas e psiquiátricas da COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cerdeira Cláudio Daniel
Published: December 2022

A atual pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 e a associada doença, COVID-19, tem causado grande impacto e vitimado uma considerável parcela da população mundial. Além da elevada taxa de mortalidade, o impacto da COVID-19 no desenvolvimento de complicações e sequelas, com repercussão na recuperação funcional do paciente, alta hospitalar, e em anos de vida perdidos ajustados por incapacitação (AVPAI), podem agravar ainda mais o atual cenário. Neste contexto, é destacado que o SARS-CoV-2 apresenta um considerável neurotropismo. Portanto, esta revisão sistemática aborda as complicações e sequelas neurológicas e psiquiátricas da COVID-19. Nós conduzimos uma revisão sistemática usando a base de dados PubMed/PubMed Central, seguindo os critérios PRISMA-2020. Após análises, 56 artigos provenientes da supracitada base de dados foram inclusos nesta revisão, acrescido de outras relevantes publicações sobre o tema, abordando os impactos dos danos diretos no sistema nervoso causados pelo SARS-CoV-2, ou indiretos, resultantes da resposta inflamatória e/ou imune exacerbada frente ao vírus, além de hipercoagulabilidade e hipóxia, que refletem em um amplo espectro de complicações e sequelas na COVID-19, sejam estas neurológicas (incluindo cefaleia, delirium, AVC isquêmico e hemorrágico, alterações do olfato/paladar e síndrome de Guillain-Barré) ou psiquiátricas (incluindo ansiedade, síndrome do estresse pós traumático, depressão, desordem de pânico, TOC e outras alterações cognitivas). Destaca-se também as ferramentas diagnósticas, manejo, estratégias terapêuticas e de reabilitação. Devido a urgência com que tal pandemia se coloca, o referencial teórico-prático acerca do tema encontra-se ainda em construção, mas já relevante ao estabelecer um elo entre complicações e sequelas neurológicas e psiquiátricas e a COVID-19, o que pode refletir positivamente em melhorias nas medidas de saúde coletiva e pública visando a redução dos impactos e no manejo do paciente recuperado da COVID-19.
A qualidade de vida da criança com doença crónica em idade escolar – uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Mendes Carla Maria Ferreira Guerreiro da Silva , Silva Ana Catarina Filipe , Raposo Mafalda Sofia Viegas Candeias , Pereira Milene Andreia Ferreira Correia , Barreiros Tânia Maria dos Reis
Published: December 2022

O diagnóstico de doença crónica na infância é um dos fatores com maior impacto na qualidade de vida da criança e sua família. A Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde é influenciada por múltiplos fatores e a sua avaliação representa um dos indicadores mais importantes para determinar, planear, implementar e avaliar a intervenção dos profissionais de saúde nesta área. O objetivo deste estudo foi sistematizar o conhecimento científico atual sobre o impacto da doença crónica na qualidade de vida da criança entre os seis e os doze anos de idade. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Pesquisa realizada entre 2016 e 2021 nas bases de dados CINAHL e MEDLINE, através dos descritores child* OR pediatric* AND chronic disease AND activities of daily living OR quality of life OR leisure activities OR emotions OR child welfare OR adaptation, psychological, obtendo-se uma amostra final de oito artigos.Saúde e atividade física; Sentimentos, Amigos/ Relações interpessoais de apoio social e Ambiente escolar e aprendizagem, representam as dimensões mais afetadas pela doença crónica, na criança e sua família.O conhecimento sobre as principais dimensões afetadas na criança/família pela doença crónica, é essencial para que os profissionais de saúde possam intervir de forma dirigida, minimizando o seu impacto e potenciando a qualidade de vida.
Upaya Memantapkan Pilihan Sekolah Lanjut melalui Layanan Penguasaan Konten di MTs Negeri 7 Gunungkidul
Authors: Ikaria Nuryani
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyze the role of content mastery services in helping students determine their secondary school. An approach to counseling guidance services in this case is necessary to assist students in determining and planning for the future. This research uses a method of action. The subject of the study was grade IX-B students at MTs Negeri 7 Gunungkidul. The results showed an increase in students in establishing advanced school choice in cycle I by 77.6% increasing to 89.4% chest cycle II. The results of the content mastery service approach in two cycles successfully assisted students in establishing advanced school choice in MTs Negeri 7 Gunungkidul.
Implementasi Model Sinektik Berbasis AMTSAL dalam Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Giyarsi
Published: December 2022

Islamic education aims to realize muslim people who believe, are godfearing, and knowledgeable who are able to devote themselves to God with an attitude and a complete personality submit themselves in all aspects of life in order to seek the pleasure of God. These objectives can be achieved through students' understanding of PAI materials. Optimizing the preparation of learning models is one of the main factors that can help improve learning outcomes. Thus, to improve the learning outcomes of PAI subjects among students, the innovation of learning models in schools needs to pay attention to the characteristics and needs of students according to the related materials. A systematic and interesting learning model is one of the things that can support the achievement of expected competencies. Synectic learning model becomes one of the strategies that can improve pai learning results. The rationale of this model is that metaphorical activities that include personal analogies, direct analogies, and compacted conflicts can help students understand abstract concepts of PAI material, especially about beliefs.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menghafal Bacaan-Bacaan Salat Menggunakan Metode Drill di SD Negeri Tancep 1 Ngawen
Authors: Satiman
Published: December 2022

This research aims to describe the application of drill learning methods in improving the ability to memorize prayer readings in grade V students at Elementary School Tancep 1 Ngawen. This research uses action research methods with qualitative data analysis. The results of this study showed improved ability to memorize prayer readings in each cycle. The average class increase of 14.09, from a grade average of 75.13 in cycle I increased to 85.38 in cycle II. The success percentage reached 52%, from 48% in cycle I increased to 100% in cycle II. The ability to memorize mandatory prayer readings in students of Tancep 1 Ngawen State Elementary School will show better results if the application of drill methods at the beginning of Islamic studies involves more students, and teachers only as facilitators.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar PAI di MIN 3 Bantul
Authors: Biatun Noor
Published: December 2022

This research aims to find out the level of motivation of students and the influence of motivation on PAI learning achievement in schools on MIN 3 Bantul students. This research is a quantitative study using product moment correlation statistics technique. The analytical technique used is an associative hypothesis. The variables studied include learning motivations that are divided into sub variables namely personal needs, school assignments, as well as the environment and people around. While dependent variables (bound variables) are learning achievements that include: academic achievement, non-academic achievement, social achievement and discipline-related achievements. The results showed that learning motivation affects PAI students' learning achievement of MIN 3 Bantul by 51.4%. This means that learning motivation is one of the determining factors of PAI's learning achievements. While 48.6% of PAI students' learning achievement of MIN 3 Bantul students is influenced by internal factors such as IQ, perseverance; and external factors such as family issues, friendships etc.). This indicates that motivation is both a driver and a direction in learning activities.
Implementasi Model Group Investigation dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar PKn di MI Yappi Wiyoko
Authors: Lestari Rini Endang
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the motivation and learning outcomes of students in civil servant subjects. The subject of the study was grade II student MI Yappi Wiyoko Gunungkidul in the 2019/2020 school year. The results of the implementation of the group investigation model are obtained through observation sheets and questionnaires. The results showed that the average grade increase in students' motivation from cycle I was 74 to 83 in cycle II. While the initial test results compared to the final test results experienced a significant increase of 13% from the average initial test score of 69 to 82 after the action of cycle I and cycle II.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Silabus dan RPP melalui Supervisi Akademik di MI Muhammadiyah Grubug Nanggulan Kulon Progo
Authors: Juminta
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the competence of MI teacher Muhammadiyah Grubug in compiling syllabus and RPP. This research is an action study through academic supervision activities. The subject of the study was MI teacher Muhammadiyah Grubug. The research was conducted in two cycles covering observation and discussion activities. The results showed that in cycle I the improvement in teacher competency reached 22% and increased to 67% in cycle II. Academic supervision activities can significantly improve the ability of MI Muhammadiyah Grubug teachers in compiling syllabuses and RPP.
Kinerja Supervisor dan Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan Agama Islam di Kota Yogakarta
Authors: Triwinarsih Hamidah
Published: December 2022

This research aims to determine the performance of supervisors and madrasah heads in improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education in Yogyakarta through supervision activities. This study is also to find out whether there are performance differences between supervisors and madrasah heads. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collected through questionnaires, document studies conducted to match the data of the results of the questionnaire. The analysis methods used in this study are variant analysis and advanced testing. The results showed that; (1) supervisor performance in improving the quality of education reached 90.47% was in a very good position, (2) the performance of madrasah head as supervisor reached 80.11% was in a good position, (3) there was no difference in supervisor performance in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of the program, while the performance of supervisors in guiding teacher professionals there was a significant difference, (4) there was no difference in the performance of the head of MI in Yogyakarta, while the performance of mts head there was a significant difference. Similarly, with the performance of the head of MA in Yogyakarta there are significant differences, (5) there is no difference in the learning outcomes of MI students in Yogyakarta, while the learning outcomes of MTs and MA students are quite significant differences.
Partisipasi Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam: Studi Kasus di MA Ronggowarsito Ponorogo
Authors: Ajhuri Kayyis Fithri , 'Aziz Hafidh
Published: December 2022

The education concept in Islamic perspective does not stop at the task of transforming knowledge, but is involved in the process of guidance and character building. The purpose of this study is to analyze teacher participation in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling in Islamic Education Institutions. This research is a case study with a single case model, namely the case at MA Ronggowarsito Tegalsari Jetis Ponorogo. Through observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews and data documentation were collected, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results showed, first, the teachers at MA Ronggowarsito have a commitment to help children's difficulties, especially in the academic field. The form of the teacher's willingness includes, willingness to provide guidance and enrichment. Personal consultation, even changes in learning models according to the conditions and characteristics of students. In the non-academic field, the teacher's readiness takes the form of a willingness to guide extra and co-curricular activities. Second, related to the main tasks and functions of guidance and counseling teachers, teacher participation in the implementation of the BK program is supportive and preventive at the class level. The coordination that is carried out also tends to be unstructured and incidental
Religiusitas Guru PAI: Upaya Peningkatan Disiplin Beribadah Siswa di SMP Islam Al Azhar 3 Bintaro
Authors: Rokhmah Dewi
Published: December 2022

PAI Teacher Religiosity: Efforts to Improve the Discipline of Student Worship at Al Azhar 3 Bintaro Islamic Junior High School.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of PAI teacher religiosity in an effort to increase the discipline of student worship at SMP Islam Al Azhar 3 Bintaro. Sources of data in this study were school heads, Islamic education teachers, and students. The technique of collecting data was done by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using four steps, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the religiosity of PAI teachers at SMP Islam Al Azhar 3 Bintaro plays a role in increasing student discipline in worship characterized by congregational prayer, tahfdiz Quran, and tadarus which are routinely carried out properly and correctly. The application of PAI teacher religiosity in an effort to increase the discipline of student worship by providing motivation and exemplary.
Drill and Practice Methods: Peningkatan Kemampuan Menghafal Surah Al-Fatihah pada Siswa MIN Buol
Authors: Uswah Farmi
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve memorization of Surah Al-Fatihah in MIN Buol students. The subject of the study was a student in class III MIN Buol. The study uses the Class Action method through two cycles that include planning, execution, observation, and reflection activities. The results showed that drill and practice methods can improve students' ability to memorize Surah Al-Fatihah. The increase in student learning outcomes in pre-cycles by 66.61% to 80.68% in cycle I, and increased quite significantly to 91.43 in cycle II. The classical completion value of 64.82% also increased to 78.36% in cycle I, and increased quite significantly by 88.57% in cycle II. Drill and practice methods can improve students' learning outcomes and ability to memorize short surahs in the Quran. Drill and practice methods can be applied to Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students.
Peranan Supervisi Kepala Madrasah terhadap Kreativitas Guru dalam Pengelolaan Kelas di MTsN 1 Gunungkidul
Authors: Abdul Basit Hamid
Published: December 2022

This research aims to find out the role of madrasah head supervision in increasing teacher creativity in managing the classroom. This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Gunungkidul with the object of 25 teachers consisting of 23 teachers with civil servant status and 2 Non-civil servant teachers. The study uses the Class Action method through two cycles that include planning, observation, action, and reflection activities. The results showed forms of teacher creativity in classroom management including classroom planning, classroom organizing, classroom direction, classroom coordination, classroom communication, and classroom control. While the role of supervision of madrasah heads on teacher creativity in classroom management is as a leader, as a giver of training and guidance, and as a motivation for teaching activities for teachers.