bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDIA CONSTRUCTION OF ERICK THOHIR IN DETERMINING THE COMMISSIONERS OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMN)
Authors: Gora Radita , Muqsith Munadhil Abdul , Hossain Barek
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This paper aims to analyze the media in the intrigue of political interests in determining the commissioners and leadership ranks of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Minister of BUMN, Erick Tohir, was colored by the paradigm of State company management which was fundamentally overhauled but full of the stigma that favored the political elite in power. This was built by Tempo magazine in two editions, which both reported on the steps and actions of Erick Thohir in reshuffling the leadership ranks in BUMN. The theory of media reality construction is used in this study to dissect the construction of media coverage and the method used, namely framing analysis with Pan and Kosicki framing analysis models to analyze the structure of the text on Tempo magazine news in terms of media ideology and political economy interests. It was found that Tempo emphasized facts through news frames which always emphasized that the reshuffle of the leadership in BUMN had become a political matter. There was the involvement of parties close to Erick Thohir and entrusting personal or figures close to Jokowi to occupy the ranks of commissioners and directors in Indonesia. BUMN.Keyword: Erick Thohir, News Framing, Political Imagery, SOE Officials Reshuffle Abstrak.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis media dalam intrik kepentingan politik dalam penetapan komisaris dan jajaran pimpinan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) oleh Menteri BUMN, Erick Tohir, diwarnai dengan paradigma pengelolaan perusahaan negara yang dirombak secara fundamental. namun penuh dengan stigma yang berpihak pada elit politik yang berkuasa. Hal itu dibangun majalah Tempo dalam dua edisi, yang sama-sama memberitakan langkah dan tindakan Erick Thohir dalam perombakan jajaran pimpinan di BUMN. Teori konstruksi realitas media digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk membedah konstruksi pemberitaan media dan metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis framing dengan model analisis framing Pan dan Kosicki untuk menganalisis struktur teks berita majalah Tempo ditinjau dari ideologi media dan kepentingan ekonomi politik. Ditemukan Tempo menekankan fakta melalui bingkai berita yang selalu menekankan bahwa perombakan pimpinan di BUMN sudah menjadi urusan politik. Ada keterlibatan pihak dekat Erick Thohir dan menitipkan pribadi atau tokoh dekat Jokowi untuk menduduki jajaran komisaris dan direksi di Indonesia. BUMN.Kata Kunci: Citra Politik, Erick Thohir, Framing Berita, Reshuffle Pejabat BUMN
Analisis Literasi Digital Guru Penyandang Tunanetra Di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri A Pajajaran Kota Bandung
Authors: Tanto Abellisa Ramanov , Malau Ruth Mei Ulina
Published: October 2022

Perkembangan teknologi, khususnya di masa pandemi COVID-19 membuat penggunaan media dan teknologi digital semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana literasi digital pada guru penyandang tunanetra di SLBN A Pajajaran Kota Bandung berdasarkan empat pilar literasi digital Kominfo, yaitu; Cakap Bermedia Digital, Budaya Bermedia Digital, Etis Bermedia Digital, dan Aman Bermedia Digital. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, paradigma konstruktivis dan pendekatan studi kasus. Dimana instrumen perolehan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan dengan empat orang guru penyandang tunanetra di SLBN A Pajajaran Kota Bandung sebagai informan kunci, dan satu orang akademisi dan pegiat literasi digital sebagai informan ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru penyandang tunanetra di SLBN A Pajajaran Kota Bandung memiliki literasi digital yang cukup baik. Guru penyandang tunanetra memanfaatkan perangkat digital untuk mencari informasi, berkomunikasi, serta sebagai media pembelajaran terutama di masa pandemi COVID-19. Informasi atau konten yang biasanya disebarkan ialah artikel motivasi, kesehatan, serta informasi mengenai kedinasan. Selain itu, beberapa guru juga mampu mendistribusikan konten positif seperti video tutorial di YouTube, dan materi pembelajaran di BBI Radio. Dari keempat pilar literasi digital Kominfo, pilar yang paling kuat ialah Cakap Bermedia Digital, sedangkan yang pilar paling lemah ialah Aman Bermedia Digital.
INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OPINION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF VACCINE ISSUES
Authors: Turpyn Juan Malik Frederick , Sunuantari Manik
Published: October 2022

The issue of vaccines circulating in the community is identical to the vaccination process, or the vaccine itself. Such as the issue of the corona-vac vaccine that is not effective against the virus, to the Moderna vaccine which is said to have harmful vaccine effects if injected. This makes the role of the government, legislators, and the community synergize to be able to set the record straight on the issue of vaccines. One of them is The government of DKI Jakarta tries to restore what issues spread to the public. The approach used in this study is quantitative, as the research is presented with figures statistically to convey circumstances that correspond to the facts in the field about public opinion and vaccine issues. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that public opinion influences the management of issues with a positive relationship direction. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that public opinion influences the management of issues with a positive relationship direction and strong strength. Because basically this concept of public opinion serves as a public step to find out what the conditions are like with the issues circulating today.
PANDANGAN MEDIA MASSA TIONGKOK TERHADAP KONFLIK RUSIA DAN UKRAINA (STUDI KASUS: XINHUA NEWS)
Authors: Nathanael Garcia Krisnando , Sutowo Irpan Ripa'i , Dwi Astuti Wiwiek Rukmi
Published: October 2022

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan media massa Tiongkok dalam menanggapi konflik Rusia dan Ukraina yang ditinjau dengan studi kasus melalui media Xinhua News. Konflik tersebut membuat ramai masyarakat global karena adanya aksi militer. Media massa secara umum menganggap bahwa kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh Rusia adalah invasi militer ke Ukraina. Namun, terdapat perbedaan pandangan dari negara-negara yang memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Rusia, salah satunya adalah Tiongkok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber data sekunder yang berasal dari berita, jurnal, dan laporan secara daring. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Xinhua News cenderung menggunakan bahasa yang abstrak dan konsep berita yang lebih menunjukkan upaya solusi damai dan negosiasi. Fenomena ini dapat dipahami bahwa hubungan diplomatik antara Tiongkok dan Rusia berpengaruh pada peran media massa yang berfungsi sebagai framing pada masyarakat sesuai dengan kepentingan politik negara.Kata kunci: Media Massa, Xinhua News, Tiongkok, Rusia, Ukraina.
BRAND EQUITY PRODUK MOTHER OF PEARL DALAM AKUN INSTAGRAM @MOP.BEAUTY
Authors: Ratnasari Eny , Megasari Puspita , Sufa Siska Armawati
Published: October 2022

Mother of Pearl adalah brand base makeup baru yang dimiliki oleh Tasya Farasya, seorang beauty influencer di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui latar belakang upaya branding yang dilakukan oleh produk Mother of Pearl sebagai make up based product di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini ingin menguraikan upaya branding khususnya brand equity yang dilakukan oleh Mother of Pearl. Tasya Farasya sebagai seorang social media beauty influencer memiliki pengaruh dalam upaya branding yang dilakukan oleh MOP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Upaya branding yang dilakukan oleh Mother of Pearl (MOP) salah satunya adalah melalui media sosial Instagram MOP yakni @mop.beauty dengan mengunggah berbagai konten dalam bentuk photo post, carousel, story, reels, maupun video. Tim konten MOP berusaha untuk selalu melakukan branding MOP sebagai luxury and exclusive brand dari desain yang diperlihatkan dalam akun Instagram MOP.  Upaya branding khususnya brand equity yang dilakukan oleh Mother of Pearl adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Mother of Pearl Berasal dari Nama Asli Tasya Farasya; (2) Menggunakan Hashtag #MotherKnowsBest sebagai Tagline; (3) Membangun Ciri Khas Produk sebagai Flawless Makeup Products; (4) Value yang Diusung Brand Mother of Pearl Sebagai Diferensiasi Brand; (5) Warna Ungu sebagai Ciri Khas Brand Mother of Pearl agar Terkesan Luxury Brand; (6) Pesan yang Disampaikan dalam Akun Instagram MOP Terkesan untuk Audiens yang Tinggal di Kota Besar; (7) Membangun Kedekatan dengan Pengikut Melalui Sayembara; (8) Penegasan sebagai Exclusive Brand yang hanya Dijual di Marketplace Sociolla.
INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI MEDIA ALTERNATIF DALAM KONFLIK AGRARIA (STUDI KASUS PADA AKUN INSTAGRAM @FORUMPANCORANBERSATU)
Authors: Mamahit Julio Eliezer , Pratiwi Aprilyanti
Published: October 2022

Sebagian media mainstream sekarang hanya mencari berita yang memiliki nilai jual saja. Berita-berita tentang masyarakat marjinal lainnya sangat jarang menjadi topik utama. Gejala ini mengakibatkan perubahan dalam melakukan perlawanan, masyarakat kini memilih media sosial sebagai kanal untuk menyampaikan aspirasi dan informasi mengenai permasalahan mereka yang tidak tersentuh oleh media mainstream. Media sosial Instagram menjadi pilihan Warga Pancoran Gang Buntu II untuk melakukan perlawanan demi mempertahankan ruang hidup mereka yang sudah direnggut oleh perusahaan negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis media sosial Instagram menjadi media altenatif bagi Warga Pancoran Gang Buntu II, dalam menyuarakan ketertindasan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis media siber dengan melihat ruang media, dokumen media, objek media, dan pengalaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media sosial Instagram dapat menjadi media alternatif bagi aksi perlawanan masyarakat yang dimarjinalkan oleh para penguasa media. Hal tersebut dapat ditemukan pada respon dari para pengguna Instagram yang mengikuti dan bahkan tidak mengikuti akun Instagram @forumpancoranbersatu. Media sosial Instagram dimanfaatkan untuk mengunggah konten berupa foto dan video agar dapat menggerakkan para pengikut dan bukan pengikut akun @forumpancoranbersatu agar perduli dan ikut aksi mereka. Diharapkan bagi konflik-konflik agraria lainnya dapat menggunakan media sosial Instagram sebagai media alternatif untuk menyuarakan aspirasi masyarakat, karena media sosial Instagram memiliki khalayak yang cukup luas
Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Deng Wenhua , Xu Huan , Wu Yabin , Li Jie
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) versus conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) for pediatric pneumonia.

Methods

This retrospective observational study enrolled 103 children who were diagnosed with pneumonia and hospitalized at Hubei Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between 15 October 2020 and 15 February 2022. The pneumonia diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, lung imaging, and microbiological tests. Pathogens in the lower respiratory tract were detected using CMTs and BALF mNGS (of DNA and RNA). The diagnostic performance of BALF mNGS was compared with that of CMTs.

Results

In 96 patients, pathogens were identified by microbiological tests. The overall pathogen detection rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of CMTs (91.3% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.000). The diagnostic performance of mNGS varied for different pathogens; however, its sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosing bacterial and viral infections were both higher than those of CMTs (p = 0.000). For the diagnosis of fungi, the sensitivity of mNGS (87.5%) was higher than that of CMTs (25%); however, its specificity and accuracy were lower than those of CMTs (p < 0.01). For the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the specificity (98.8%) and accuracy (88.3%) of mNGS were high; however, its sensitivity (42.1%) was significantly lower than that of CMTs (100%) (p = 0.001). In 96 patients with definite pathogens, 52 cases (50.5%) were infected with a single pathogen, while 44 cases (42.7%) had polymicrobial infections. Virus–bacteria and virus–virus co-infections were the most common. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, rhinovirus, cytomegalovirus, parainfluenza virus, and fungi were more likely to be associated with polymicrobial infections.

Conclusions

BALF mNGS improved the detection rate of pediatric pneumonia, especially in mixed infections. The diagnostic performance of BALF mNGS varies according to pathogen type. mNGS can be used to supplement CMTs. A combination of mNGS and CMTs may be the best diagnostic strategy.
Detection of IMP-4 and SFO-1 co-producing ST51 Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolates
Authors: Qiao Jie , Ge Haoyu , Xu Hao , Guo Xiaobing , Liu Ruishan , Li Chenyu , Chen Ruyan , Zheng Beiwen , Gou Jianjun
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To explore the genetic characteristics of the IMP-4 and SFO-1 co-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, Enterobacter hormaechei YQ13422hy and YQ13530hy.

Methods

MALDI-TOF MS was used for species identification. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were tested by PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis. In addition to agar dilution, broth microdilution was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore platforms. Annotation was performed by RAST on the genome. The phylogenetic tree was achieved using kSNP3.0. Plasmid characterization was conducted using S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), Southern blotting, conjugation experiments, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). An in-depth study of the conjugation module was conducted using the OriTFinder website. The genetic context of blaIMP-4 and blaSFO-1 was analyzed using BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG) and Easyfig 2.3.

Results

YQ13422hy and YQ13530hy, two MDR strains of ST51 E. hormaechei harboring blaIMP-4 and blaSFO-1, were identified. They were only sensitive to meropenem, amikacin and polymyxin B, and were resistant to cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactam and aminoglycosides, intermediate to imipenem. The genetic context surrounding blaIMP-4 was 5′CS-hin-1-IS26-IntI1-blaIMP-4-IS6100-ecoRII. The integron of blaIMP-4 is In823, which is the array of gene cassettes of 5′CS-blaIMP-4. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that E. hormaechei YQ13422hy and YQ13530hy belonged to the same small clusters with a high degree of homology.

Conclusion

This observation revealed the dissemination of the blaIMP-4 gene in E. hormaechei in China. We found that blaIMP-4 and blaSFO-1 co-exist in MDR clinical E. hormaechei isolates. This work showed a transferable IncN-type plasmid carrying the blaIMP-4 resistance gene in E. hormaechei. We examined the potential resistance mechanisms of pYQ13422-IMP-4 and pYQ13422-SFO-1, along with their detailed genetic contexts.
Quantitative estimation of sentinel-1A interferometric decorrelation using vegetation index
Authors: Pan Jianping , Zhao Ruiqi , Xu Zhengxuan , Cai Zhuoyan , Yuan Yuxin
Published: October 2022

Sentinel-1A data are widely used in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) studies due to the free and open access policy. However, the short wavelength (C-band) of Sentinal-1A data leads to decorrelation in numerous applications, especially in vegetated areas. Phase blurring and reduced monitoring accuracy can occur owing to changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of vegetation during the satellite revisit period, which essentially makes poor use of SAR data and increases the time and economic costs for researchers. Interferometric coherence is a commonly used index to measure the interference quality of two single-look complex (SLC) images, and its value can be used to characterize the decorrelation degree. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is obtained from optical images, and its value can be used to characterize the surface vegetation coverage. In order to solve the problem that Sentinel-1A decorrelation in the vegetated area is difficult to estimate prior to single-look complex interference, this paper selects a vegetated area in Sichuan Province, China as the study area and establishes two two-order linear quantitative models between Landsat8-derived normalized difference vegetation index and Sentinel-1A interferometric coherence in co- and cross-polarization: When NDVI at extremely high and low levels, coherence is close to zero, while NDVI and coherence show two different linear relationships in co- and cross-polarization in terms of NDVI at the middle level. The models global error basically obeys the normal distribution with the mean value of −0.037 and −0.045, and the standard deviation of 0.205 and 0.201 at the VV and VH channels. The two models are then validated in two validation areas, and the results confirm the reliability of the models and reveal the relationships between Sentinel-1A InSAR decorrelation and vegetation coverage in co- and cross-polarization, thus demonstrating that the NDVI can be applied to quantitatively estimate the InSAR decorrelation in vegetated area of Sentinel-1A data in both polarization modes prior to SLC interference.
Influence of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination on the menstrual cycle: A retrospective study in Hungary
Authors: Barabás Klaudia , Makkai Bernadett , Farkas Nelli , Horváth Hanga Réka , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Váradi Kata , Zelena Dóra
Published: October 2022

Observations of women and clinicians indicated that the prevalence of menstrual cycle problems has escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was not clear whether the observed menstrual cycle changes were related to vaccination, the disease itself or the COVID-19 pandemic-induced psychological alterations. To systematically analyze this question, we conducted a human online survey in women aged between 18 and 65 in Hungary. The menstrual cycle of 1563 individuals were analyzed in our study in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination, the COVID-19 infection, the pandemic itself and the mental health. We found no association between the COVID-19 vaccination, the vaccine types or the COVID-19 infection and the menstrual cycle changes. We also evaluated the menstrual cycle alterations focusing on three parameters of the menstrual cycle including the cycle length, the menses length and the cycle regularity in three pandemic phases: the pre-peak, the peak and the post-peak period in Hungary. Our finding was that the length of the menstrual cycle did not change in any of the periods. However, the menses length increased, while the regularity of the menstrual cycle decreased significantly during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic when comparing to the pre- and post-peak periods. In addition, we exhibited that the length and the regularity of the menstrual cycle both correlated with the severity of depression during the post-peak period, therefore we concluded that the reported menstrual cycle abnormalities during the peak of COVID-19 in Hungary might be the result of elevated depressive symptoms.
Diabetes associated with cervical carcinoma among high-risk HPV-infected patients with cytologically diagnosed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Yue Chaoyan , Zhang Chunyi , Ying Chunmei , Jiang Hua
Published: October 2022

Background

Diabetes causes metabolic disorders and immune changes that may be potential triggers of cervical cancer. Therefore, diabetes is not a “bystander” to cervical cancer. However, the conclusion that diabetes promotes cervical cancer lacks clinical epidemiological evidence, and the reported potential association between diabetes and cervical cancer is controversial.

Methods

We conducted an explorative cross-sectional study of 791 women with cytological HGSIL and HR-HPV, who attended the cervical clinic of the largest academic women’s hospital in China from May 2019 to March 2022. After cervical screening, patients who were requiring colposcopy were tested for HbA1c. HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher defines diabetes and HbA1c level of 5.7%-6.4% was defined as prediabetes. The relationship between diabetes and cervical cancer was observed by a dose-response graph. Subgroup analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to estimate the associations between diabetes and cervical cancer.

Results

Among HGSIL patients with high-risk HPV infection, compared with women with HbA1c <5.7%, the odds ratio for women with prediabetes was 1.72 (95% CI: 0.87-3.41) and the odds ratio for women with diabetes was 3.29 (95% CI: 1.10-9.80) for cervical cancer. Sensitivity analysis showed that diabetes was significantly associated with cervical cancer in different age groups and different HPV variant. E-value analysis showed robustness to unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions

In patients with HR-HPV combined with HGSIL, diabetes and prediabetes are associated with cervical cancer.
Controlled feeding experiments with juvenile alligators reveal microscopic dental wear texture patterns associated with hard-object feeding
Authors: Winkler Daniela E. , Iijima Masaya , Blob Richard W. , Kubo Tai , Kubo Mugino O.
Published: October 2022

Dental wear analyses are classically applied to mammals because they have evolved heterodont dentitions for sophisticated mastication. Recently, several studies have shown a correlation between pre-assigned and analytically inferred diet preferences in extant reptiles through dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA), a method using quantitative assessment of microscopic wear marks to reconstruct the diet material properties. The first tentative applications of DMTA to extinct reptiles have followed. However, for large and small mammals, microwear analyses have undergone a long time of ground-truthing through direct feeding observations, stomach content analyses, and feeding experiments. Such data are currently lacking for reptiles, but are necessary to further extend DMTA, especially to Archosauria, as the application to dinosaurs could be of great interest to the scientific community. We herein present data from a pilot feeding experiment with five juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Each individual received a diet of assumed different hardness for ~4 months: crocodylian pellets (control), sardines, quails, rats, or crawfish. All individuals initially received the same pellet diet, and we found them to show similar dental microwear texture patterns before they were switched to their designated experimental diet. From the first feeding bout on, dental microwear textures differed across the diets. The crawfish-feeder showed consistently higher surface complexity, followed by the rat-feeder. Quail- and fish-feeding resulted in similar wear signatures, with low complexity. Fast tooth replacement and selective tooth use likely affected microwear formation, but we were able to detect a general hard (crawfish and rat) versus soft (quail and fish) DMTA signature. Such patterns can support the identification of hard-object feeding in the fossil record.
Baricitinib is potentially effective in the treatment of refractory livedoid vasculopathy
Authors: Han Yuyang , Tu Ping
Published: October 2022

Background

Livedoid vasculopathy is a rare, chronic, and recurrent disease with limited effective treatments. Its etiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Baricitinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor, has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and could reduce the disease severity in patients with livedoid vasculopathy.

Methods

We retrospectively observed eight patients who received 2 mg/day of baricitinib for the treatment of refractory livedoid vasculopathy. We evaluated their clinical scores before and after treatment to determine its effectiveness and safety.

Results

Improvement in livedoid vasculopathy was observed with significant regression in the clinical scores after baricitinib treatment. The mean clinical scores were 7.0 ± 1.6 and 1.4 ± 1.2 before and after baricitinib treatment, respectively (P <0.01). Furthermore, six out of the eight patients achieved a clinical score of 0 or 2 after treatment. These scores indicated remission. Clinical findings, including erythema, ulceration, and pain, improved in all the patients. The remission times ranged from 3 to 13 weeks, with a mean remission time of 7.75 ± 3.45 weeks. There were no reports of adverse events in any patient.

Conclusions

Our study showed that baricitinib treatment was safe and could significantly relieve the signs and symptoms of livedoid vasculopathy. However, randomized controlled studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
Atypical nontraumatic chylothorax in a monoclonal IgM elevated nodal marginal zone lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Lingling , Huang Qian , Tang Jiao , Feng Jun , Huang Yongfen , Dong Jianming , Cheng Yuexin , Xu Hao , Miao Yuqing
Published: October 2022

Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma(NMZL) is an indolent lymphoma with a very low clinical incidence and is sometimes difficult to differentiate diagnostically from Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM). NMZL with elevated monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) is even rarer. Nontraumatic chylothorax can be seen in aggressive lymphoma, which often happens with chest tightness and dyspnea as the primary clinical manifestation. We reported the first case of monoclonal IgM elevated NMZL complicated by atypical nontraumatic chylothorax. A 64-year-old male patient was first admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine with symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath. He was given several times thoracentesis to drain pleural effusion to improve pulmonary compression symptoms. The patient had a combination of elevated monoclonal IgM and atypical lymph node biopsy pathology. After two times lymph node biopsies and genetic testing, the patient was finally diagnosed with NMZL. Within a short time, he was admitted to the Department of Hematology due to the reappearance of massive pleural effusion, which indicated chylothorax. The patient repeatedly presented with left-sided pleural effusion, and the color went from red to yellow, and finally white. Only about half of the chylothorax cases present with typical clinical manifestations. We report this case intending to draw the attention of clinicians to hematologic malignancies with atypical nontraumatic chylothorax.
Monocyte response after colorectal surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Edomskis Pim P. , Dik Willem A. , Sparreboom Cloë L. , Nagtzaam Nicole M. A. , van Oudenaren Adrie , Lambrichts Daniël P. V. , Bayon Yves , van Dongen Noah N. N. , Menon Anand G. , de Graaf Eelco J. R. , Coene Peter Paul L. O. , Lange Johan F. , Leenen Pieter J. M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Tumor resection is the common approach in patients with colorectal malignancy. Profound insight into inflammatory changes that accompany the normal post-operative stress response will establish reference parameters useful for identification of putative complications. Alterations in circulating monocytes might be indicative as these cells are considered to be the most responsive leukocytes to trauma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the monocyte subset kinetic and phenotypic changes in response to surgery.

Methods

Fifty patients undergoing colorectal tumor resection were included in a multicenter prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected early in the morning prior to surgery and the next days through postoperative day three for flowcytometric analysis. Leukocyte subtypes were identified and expression of activation stage-related markers by monocyte subsets was quantified.

Results

Changes in leukocyte subset composition and monocyte subset phenotypes were most prominent at the first day postoperatively, after which these parameters typically returned to normal or near-normal preoperative values. The immunophenotypic alterations after surgery were most notable in classical and intermediate monocytes. These included up-regulation of activation markers CD64 and CD62L, but down-regulation of HLA-DR and CD54. Markers of de-activation, CD163 and CD206, were consistently increasingly expressed.

Discussion/conclusion

The current study gives detailed insight into the peripheral blood leukocyte response after colorectal cancer surgery. This form of short-term stress induces a rapid and significant redistribution of immune cells. Immunophenotypic alterations in monocytes as a response to surgery suggest a mixed profile of cellular activation and de-activation.
Low-dose immunogenic chemotherapeutics promotes immune checkpoint blockade in microsatellite stability colon cancer
Authors: Fang Yuhang , Sun Haoyu , Xiao Xinghui , Tang Maoxing , Tian Zhigang , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

More than 85% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, who are with microsatellite stability (MSS), are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. To overcome this resistance, combination therapy with chemotherapy is the most common choice. However, many CRC patients do not benefit more from combination therapy than chemotherapy alone. We hypothesize that severe immunosuppression, caused by chemotherapy administered at the maximum tolerated dose, antagonizes the ICB treatment. In this study, we found that low-dose oxaliplatin (OX), an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced drug, increased the antitumor response of TIGIT blockade against CT26 tumor, which is regarded as a MSS tumor. Combined treatment with OX and TIGIT blockade fostered CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumors and delayed tumor progression. Importantly, only low-dose immunogenic chemotherapeutics successfully sensitized CT26 tumors to TIGIT blockade. In contrast, full-dose OX induces severe immunosuppression and impaired the efficacy of combination therapy. Further, we also found that lack of synergy between nonimmunogenic chemotherapeutics and TIGIT blockade. Consequently, this study suggests that the strategies of combination treatment of chemotherapy and ICB should be re-evaluated. The chemotherapeutics should be chosen for the potential to ICD and the dosage and regimen should be also optimized.
EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies
Authors: Chakravorty Srishti , Afzali Behdad , Kazemian Majid
Published: October 2022

EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting >90% of the world’s population. This is an oncogenic virus that causes ~200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant contributor to the burden of autoimmune diseases. Thus, EBV represents a significant public health burden. Upon infection, EBV remains dormant in host cells for long periods of time. However, the presence or episodic reactivation of the virus increases the risk of transforming healthy cells to malignant cells that routinely escape host immune surveillance or of producing pathogenic autoantibodies. Cancers caused by EBV display distinct molecular behaviors compared to those of the same tissue type that are not caused by EBV, presenting opportunities for targeted treatments. Despite some encouraging results from exploration of vaccines, antiviral agents and immune- and cell-based treatments, the efficacy and safety of most therapeutics remain unclear. Here, we provide an up-to-date review focusing on underlying immune and environmental mechanisms, current therapeutics and vaccines, animal models and emerging technologies to study EBV-associated diseases that may help provide insights for the development of novel effective treatments.
RNA m5C regulator-mediated modification patterns and the cross-talk between tumor microenvironment infiltration in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Sun Xiangfei , Sun Jianyi , Lu Jiangshen , Gao Xiaodong , Shen Kuntang , Qin Xinyu
Published: October 2022

The effect of immunotherapy strategy has been affirmed in the treatment of various tumors. Nevertheless, the latent role of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in gastric cancer (GC) tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration is still unclear. We systematically explore the m5C modification patterns of 2,122 GC patients from GEO and TCGA databases by 16 m5C regulators and related these patterns to TME characteristics. LASSO Cox regression was employed to construct the m5Cscore based on the expression of regulators and DEGs, which was used to evaluate the prognosis. All the GC patients were divided into three m5C modification clusters with distinct gene expression characteristics and TME patterns. GSVA, ssGSEA, and TME cell infiltration analysis showed that m5C clusters A, B, and C were classified as immune-desert, immune-inflamed, and immune-excluded phenotype, respectively. The m5Cscore system based on the expression of eight genes could effectively predict the prognosis of individual GC patients, with AUC 0.766. Patients with a lower m5Cscore were characterized by the activation of immunity and experienced significantly longer PFS and OS. Our study demonstrated the non-negligible role of m5C modification in the development of TME complexity and inhomogeneity. Assessing the m5C modification pattern for individual GC patients will help recognize the infiltration characterization and guide more effective immunotherapy treatment.
Identify the immune characteristics and immunotherapy value of CD93 in the pan-cancer based on the public data sets
Authors: Guo Aiyuan , Zhang Jingwei , Tian Yuqiu , Peng Yun , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian , Liu Zaoqu , Wu Wantao , Zhang Hao , Cheng Quan
Published: October 2022

CD93 is a transmembrane receptor that is mainly expressed on endothelial cells. A recent study found that upregulated CD93 in tumor vessels is essential for tumor angiogenesis in several cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplored. Our present research systematically analyzed the characteristics of CD93 in tumor immunotherapy among 33 cancers. CD93 levels and co-expression of CD93 on cancer and stromal cells were detected using public databases and multiple immunofluorescence staining. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis identified the predictive role of CD93 in these cancer types. The survival differences between CD93 mutants and WT, CNV groups, and methylation were also investigated. The immune landscape of CD93 in the tumor microenvironment was analyzed using the SangerBox, TIMER 2.0, and single-cell sequencing. The immunotherapy value of CD93 was predicted through public databases. CD93 mRNA and protein levels differed significantly between cancer samples and adjacent control tissues in multiply cancer types. CD93 mRNA expression associated with patient prognosis in many cancers. The correlation of CD93 levels with mutational status of other gene in these cancers was also analyzed. CD93 levels significantly positively related to three scores (immune, stromal, and extimate), immune infiltrates, immune checkpoints, and neoantigen expression.. Additionally, single-cell sequencing revealed that CD93 is predominantly co-expressed on tumor and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), neutrophils, T cells, macrophages, M1 and M2 macrophages. Several immune-related signaling pathways were enriched based on CD93 expression, including immune cells activation and migration, focal adhesion, leukocyte transendothelial migration, oxidative phosphorylation, and complement. Multiple immunofluorescence staining displayed the relationship between CD93 expression and CD8, CD68, and CD163 in these cancers. Finally, the treatment response of CD93 in many immunotherapy cohorts and sensitive small molecules was predicted from the public datasets. CD93 expression is closely associated with clinical prognosis and immune infiltrates in a variety of tumors. Targeting CD93-related signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
Dual checkpoint blockade of CD47 and LILRB1 enhances CD20 antibody-dependent phagocytosis of lymphoma cells by macrophages
Authors: Zeller Tobias , Lutz Sebastian , Münnich Ira A. , Windisch Roland , Hilger Patricia , Herold Tobias , Tahiri Natyra , Banck Jan C. , Weigert Oliver , Moosmann Andreas , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Flamann Cindy , Bruns Heiko , Wichmann Christian , Baumann Niklas , Valerius Thomas , Schewe Denis M. , Peipp Matthias , Rösner Thies , Humpe Andreas , Kellner Christian
Published: October 2022

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages, an important effector function of tumor targeting antibodies, is hampered by ‘Don´t Eat Me!’ signals such as CD47 expressed by cancer cells. Yet, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression may also impair ADCP by engaging leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B (LILRB) member 1 (LILRB1) or LILRB2. Analysis of different lymphoma cell lines revealed that the ratio of CD20 to HLA class I cell surface molecules determined the sensitivity to ADCP by the combination of rituximab and an Fc-silent variant of the CD47 antibody magrolimab (CD47-IgGσ). To boost ADCP, Fc-silent antibodies against LILRB1 and LILRB2 were generated (LILRB1-IgGσ and LILRB2-IgGσ, respectively). While LILRB2-IgGσ was not effective, LILRB1-IgGσ significantly enhanced ADCP of lymphoma cell lines when combined with both rituximab and CD47-IgGσ. LILRB1-IgGσ promoted serial engulfment of lymphoma cells and potentiated ADCP by non-polarized M0 as well as polarized M1 and M2 macrophages, but required CD47 co-blockade and the presence of the CD20 antibody. Importantly, complementing rituximab and CD47-IgGσ, LILRB1-IgGσ increased ADCP of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma cells isolated from patients. Thus, dual checkpoint blockade of CD47 and LILRB1 may be promising to improve antibody therapy of CLL and lymphomas through enhancing ADCP by macrophages.
Activation induced cytidine deaminase: An old friend with new faces
Authors: Çakan Elif , Gunaydin Gurcan
Published: October 2022

Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) protein is a member of APOBEC family. AID converts cytidine to uracil, which is a key step for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). AID also plays critical roles in B cell precursor stages, removing polyreactive B cells from immune repertoire. Since the main function of AID is inducing point mutations, dysregulation can lead to increased mutation load, translocations, disturbed genomic integrity, and lymphomagenesis. As such, expression of AID as well as its function is controlled strictly at various molecular steps. Other members of the APOBEC family also play crucial roles during carcinogenesis. Considering all these functions, AID represents a bridge, linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis and immune deficiencies to autoimmune manifestations.
Case report: Patient specific combination of surgery and immunotherapy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck – a case series and review of literature
Authors: Olmos Manuel , Lutz Rainer , Büntemeyer Tjark-Ole , Glajzer Jacek , Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Ries Jutta , Möst Tobias , Eckstein Markus , Hecht Markus , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Erdmann Michael , Foerster Yannick , Kesting Marco , Weber Manuel
Published: October 2022

Background

Prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer is generally poor. Adjuvant immunotherapy (IT) featuring immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) is standard of care in advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). ICI response rates in CSCC are described as higher than in HNSCC. IT is constantly shifting into earlier disease stages which confronts the surgeon with immunotherapeutically pre-treated patients. It is therefore becoming increasingly difficult to assess which patients with symptomatic tumor disease and a lack of curative surgical option might benefit from salvage surgery.

Case presentations

The following 6 cases describe therapeutic decision-making regarding ICI and (salvage) surgery in patients with advanced stage HNSCC or CSCC. Cases A and B focus on neoadjuvant ICI followed by salvage surgery. In Cases C and D salvage surgery was performed after short-term stabilization with partial response to ICI. The last two cases (Cases E and F) address the surgical approach after failure of ICI. All cases are discussed in the context of the current study landscape and with focus on individual decision-making. For better understanding, a timetable of the clinical course is given for each case.

Conclusions

ICI is rapidly expanding its frontiers into the neoadjuvant setting, frequently confronting the surgeon with heavily pretreated patients. Salvage surgery is a viable therapeutic concept despite the rise of systemic treatment options. Decision-making on surgical intervention in case of a salvage surgery remains an individual choice. For neoadjuvant ICI monitoring regarding pathological tumor response or tumor necrosis rate, we suggest correlation between the initial biopsy and the definite tumor resectate in order to increase its significance as a surrogate marker. Scheduling of neoadjuvant ICI should be further investigated, as recent studies indicate better outcomes with shorter time frames.
Establishment and validation of evaluation models for post-inflammatory pigmentation abnormalities
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Zeng Hongliang , Hu Yibo , Jiang Ling , Fu Chuhan , Zhang Lan , Zhang Fan , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhu Lu , Huang Jinhua , Chen Jing , Zeng Qinghai
Published: October 2022

Post-inflammatory skin hyper- or hypo-pigmentation is a common occurrence with unclear etiology. There is currently no reliable method to predict skin pigmentation outcomes after inflammation. In this study, we analyzed the 5 GEO datasets to screen for inflammatory-related genes involved in melanogenesis, and used candidate cytokines to establish different machine learning (LASSO regression, logistic regression and Random Forest) models to predict the pigmentation outcomes of post-inflammatory skin. Further, to further validate those models, we evaluated the role of these candidate cytokines in pigment cells. We found that IL-37, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-19 showed high predictive value in predictive models. All models accurately classified skin samples with different melanogenesis-related gene scores in the training and testing sets (AUC>0.7). Meanwhile, we mainly evaluated the effects of IL-37 in pigment cells, and found that it increased the melanin content and expression of melanogenesis-related genes (MITF, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT), also enhanced tyrosinase activity. In addition, CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-19 could down-regulate the expression of several melanogenesis-related genes. In conclusion, evaluation models basing on machine learning may be valuable in predicting outcomes of post-inflammatory pigmentation abnormalities. IL-37, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL13 and IL-19 are involved in regulating post-inflammatory pigmentation abnormalities.
Case report: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Authors: Chen Panpan , Xia Yongming , Lei Wen , Zhong Shuhan , Jiang Huawei , Ren Lingling , Qian Wenbin , Liu Hui
Published: October 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a novel cell therapeutic approach that is increasingly being used to treat patients with relapsed refractory B-cell lymphoma. Despite the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy, it has various adverse effects that can affect any organ in the body. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies has previously been reported to be associated with immune-related adverse events such as thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis. Reports of immune-related adverse reactions after CAR T therapy are currently extremely rare, with only one case of a cytokine storm (CRS) combined with severe arthritis in a patient with ALL after treatment. Here, we describe two cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis secondary to CAR T therapy. Two patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed elevated peroxidase and globulin antibodies secondary to CAR-T cell therapy and developed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Complete remission was achieved in two patients at 1 and 3 months after CAR-T cell therapy. The inflammation of the thyroid tissue may be directly or indirectly related to CAR T cell therapy, and the mechanisms needs to be further investigated.
Oceanographic gradients explain changes in the biological traits of nesting seabird assemblages across the south-eastern Pacific
Authors: Gusmao Joao B. , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Rivadeneira Marcelo M.
Published: October 2022

Seabirds are top predators in coastal and pelagic ecosystems that forage at sea but return to land regularly during the breeding season (i.e., central place foragers). This unique life history strategy is directly related to their biological traits and helps define their role as top predators in marine systems. We analysed the effects of physiographic characteristics of nesting islands (area, elevation, and distance from the continent, as predicted by the General Dynamic Model of Oceanic Island Biogeography) and oceanographic variables from waters surrounding nesting islands that tend to be characterised by steep gradients (temperature, salinity, and primary productivity) on the trait diversity of nesting seabird assemblages on islands of the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. Four biological traits related to species’ life history and feeding strategy were used to calculate two indices, the Functional Richness and Rao’s Quadratic entropy. We used fourth-corner and RLQ analysis to determine the relationship between biological traits and environmental variables. Island physiography and primary productivity in the waters surrounding nesting islands significantly affected seabird trait diversity, which gradually decreased from Chilean coastal islands to the distant Polynesian Islands. The traits for body mass and clutch size showed a significant positive relationship with primary productivity. We identified three assemblages of seabirds that had contrasting trait structures. These were defined as the Galapagos, Coastal Chile, and south-eastern Oceanic islands assemblages, and reflected the adaptations of three different species pools to specific oceanographic conditions. Our results suggest that food-related constraints might be one of the most critical environmental filters that shaped the current trait structure of nesting seabird assemblages on the islands in the eastern South Pacific Ocean.