bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular simulation study of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide self-assembled monolayers on a copper surface
Authors: Liu Guangzeng , Chen Shenhao , Hongfang Ma , Liu Xiuyu
Published: August 2007

In this study, the adsorption process of 1,5- diphenylcarbazide (DPC) self-assembled monolayers on a copper surface was investigated by using molecular mechanics. The results indicated that the interaction of the ?-electrons in the -NH-NH- group and the ?-electrons in the phenyl ring could lead to strong adsorption of the highly symmetric DPC molecules on a copper surface. The synergy effect of the phenyl ring and the -NH-NH- group made the whole DPC molecule lay in parallel orientation on a copper surface when the coverage was low. However, at high coverage, the phenyl ring was slightly tilted because of the repulsion of the DPC molecules, while the -NH-NH- groups remained parallel to the copper surface.
Non-linear elastic behavior of carbon fibres of different structural and mechanical characteristic
Authors: Djordjevic Isidor , Sekulic Daniela , Stevanovic Momcilo
Published: August 2007

Five types of polyacrylonitrile, PAN, based carbon fibres, differing in modulus, breaking strain and in crystallite orientation, have been studied. Non-Hookean behavior was investigated by computing the tangent tensile and compression moduli as a function of strain, from the axial stress-strain response obtained in standard tensile, compression, as well as in modified flexural tests of unidirectional carbon/ epoxy composites. The dependences of the tensile modulus on tensile strain of the carbon fibres were extracted from data obtained in single-filament tensile tests. Analytical expressions for the tensile modulus-tensile strain and compression modulus-compression strain dependences in the performed test were deduced. The structural characterization of the carbon fibres was performed by X-ray diffraction on bundle of parallel fibres. The interlayer spacing d 002 and the apparent lateral dimension of the crystallites L c were deduced by processing the 002 diffraction profiles. The established modulus-strain dependences were correlated with the fibre characteristics (breaking strain and mean modulus values), as well as with the characteristic of the 002 difraction profile and the d 002 and L c values.
Sorption of rhenium on alumina under dynamic conditions
Authors: Lukic Dragoljub , Vucina Jurij , Milonjic Slobodan
Published: August 2007

The sorption of perrhenate anion on alumina from aqueous solutions of sodium chloride was investigated under dynamic conditions. The initial concentrations of rhenium were in the range of 2.7x10-2-2.7 mmol/dm3. The breakthrough curves as the function of Re and NaCl concentrations (0.12-0.20 mol/dm3), pH 2-6 and flow rate 3-10 ml/min were determined. According to the experimental results, it was concluded that the breakthrough capacities, the capacities at c/c0 = 0.5, the total column capacities and the utilization degrees (column efficiency) increase with increasing Re and NaCl concentrations and decreasing pH. The optimal flow rate was found to be 3 ml/min. At pH2 and c0 = 2.7 mmol Re/dm3, the total capacity was found to be Q 0.9 max = 2.1x10-2 mmol Re/g Al2O3. The data for perrhenate anions fit with a Henry-type isotherm. It was found that, under the above mentioned conditions, the value of the Henry constant K H was 7.8x10-3 dm3/g and the Gibbs energy change, ?G was -0.5 kJ/mol.
Natural radioactivity of some spring and bottled mineral waters from several Central Balkan sites, as a way of their characterization
Authors: Joksic Jasminka , Radenkovic Mirjana , Miljanic Scepan
Published: August 2007

In this work, a study of the radioactive content of some spring and bottled mineral waters originating from metamorphic rock areas was carried out. A high content of radium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra), was found by radiometric analysis in the spring waters: Studenica (226Ra: 289 mBq/L), Cibutkovica (226Ra: 92, 4 mBq/L, 228Ra: 610 mBq/L), and Crni Guber (226Ra: 120 mBq/L, 228Ra: 1170 mBq/L). On the other hand, the radiochemical results showed a higher concentration of 238U in the bottled mineral water samples (dissolved uranium concentrations were from 0.21 mBq/L, for "Kopaonik" to 71.5mBq/L fo "Skadarska") than in the spring water samples (dissolved uranium concentrations were very low ?10 mBq/L). The concentrations of all the present naturally occuring radionuclides: 238U, 234U, 232Th, 230Th, 228Th, 228Ra and 226Ra were determined by alpha/gamma spectrometric analysis. The activity ratios 234U/238U, 226Ra/230Th and 228Th/232Th, 228Ra/228Th were calculated and are discussed as an indication of the radioactive disequilibrium in bothe the 238U and 232Th radioactive series. The high contents of radium isotopes with respect to the equilibrium values expected from the respective parents 232Th/(232Th series) and 230Th (238U series) found in the spring water samples is the main evidence for the existence of significant radioactive disequilibrium in both the radioactive series. .
Studies on bioactive bis-1,3,5-triazinyl dithiocarbamates
Authors: Lunagariya V.D. , Desai R.M. , Shah V.H.
Published: August 2007

The compounds bis(4,6-dichloro/bis[(p-methoxyphenyl)amino]-1,3,5- -triazin-2-yl)1,2-hydrazine-1,2-dicarbodithioate/1,4-phenylenebis(carbamodithioate)/( 1,1?-biphenyl)-4,4?-diylbis(carbamodithioate)/(sulphonyldi-4,1-phenylene)- bis(carbamodithioate/1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamothioate) 4a-j were synthesized by two different methods. In the first method (A) for the preparation of 4a-e, 2,4,6- trichloro-1,3,5-triazine 1 was condensed with diammonium 1,2-hydrazine-1,2-dicarbodithioate/ 1,4-phenylenebis(carbamodithioate)/(1,1?-biphenyl)-4,4?diylbis(carbamodithioate)/( sulphonyl-di-4,1-phenylene)-bis(carbamodithioate)/1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioate) 3a-e to afford 4a-e which undergo reaction with p-methoxyaniline to afford 4f-j. In the second method (B) of preparation, 1 was condensed with p-methoxyaniline to yield 2 followed by the action of 3a-e to yield 4a-j. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds 4a-j was established on the basis of elemental analyses, as well as IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 4a-j were determined by the cup-plate method against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. All the synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity.
Content of sulfates and their stability: Key factors determining the catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia catalysts
Authors: Zarubica Aleksandra , Putanov Paula , Boskovic Goran
Published: August 2007

Two series of sulfated zirconia catalysts were synthesized from various precursors using mono- or multi-step sequence preparations under laboratory conditions. Their activities/selectivities in the isomerization reaction of n-hexane were correlated to their textural, structural and morphological properties. The slightly higher activity of a commercially sulfated Zr(OH)4-based catalyst is in agreement with the differences in the content of SO24 - ions and their thermal stability, textural and structural properties, i.e., crystallite size and possible imperfection of the incorporation of sulfate groups in the multi-step synthesis of the catalyst having a nitrate origin. The employment of H2 as the carrier gas resulted in no catalytic activity, regardless of the catalyst precursor, preparation method and calcination temperature. When the isomerization reaction was performed under He, the relatively short life-times of all catalyst samples were caused by fast deactivation due to coking in the absence of H2. .
Dilatometry of ball milled nickel nano powder during non-isothermal sintering
Authors: Panigrahi B.B. , Das K. , Godkhindi M.M.
Published: August 2007

This work attempts to evaluate the sintering mechanisms of ball milled nanocrystalline nickel during nonisothermal heating. Samples showed a sintered density of 91.2% (theoretical) and grain growth up to 414 nm at 1273K. The activation energies of 12.4, 32.0 and 51.6 kJ/mol were found for viscous flow, lattice diffusion and grain boundary diffusion mechanisms respectively. Sintering was found to be controlled by interface reactions involving surface and grain boundary diffusions.
Low temperature synthesis of porous silicate ceramics
Authors: Méndez Enríquez , Vlasova M. , Leon I. , Kakazey M.G. , Dominguez-Patiño M. , Isaeva L. , Tomila T.
Published: August 2007

Impregnation of a polyurethane sponge with kaolin, feldspar, silica, fusible glass slurry followed by temperature treatment in air in the temperature range 800-1000 0 C leads to the formation of aluminosilicate ceramics with a set pore size. The low-temperature synthesis of porous ceramics is based on the stage-by-stage formation of low-temperature eutectics and thermodestruction of polyurethane sponge.
Activation energies as the validity criterion of a model for complex reactions that can be in oscillatory states
Authors: Anic S. , Kostic M. , Ninic M. , Blagojevic S. , Kolar-Anic Lj.
Published: August 2007

Modeling of any complex reaction system is a difficult task. If the system under examination can be in various oscillatory dynamic states, the apparent activation energies corresponding to different pathways may be of crucial importance for this purpose. In that case the activation energies can be determined by means of the main characteristics of an oscillatory process such as pre-oscillatory period, duration of the oscillatory period, the period from the beginning of the process to the end of the last oscillation, number of oscillations and others. All is illustrated on the Bray-Liebhafsky oscillatory reaction.
Hydrothermal treatment of electrochemically synthesized nanocrystalline magnetic iron oxide powder
Authors: Vulicevic Lj. , Ivanovic N. , Maricic A. , Sreckovic M. , Vardic S. , Plazinic M. , Tomic Z.
Published: August 2007

Magnetic iron oxide nano-powders were synthesised electrochemically, using a low-carbon steel electrode immersed in a NaCl aqueous solution, at constant temperature of the electrolyte, pH and current density. In the second step, portions of the starting admixture were boiled at ~360 K during two hours and autoclaved at various temperatures. Both the starting powder and the treated ones were examined by a standard XRD method, then uniaxially pressed into pellets under 400 MPa, and their electric and magnetic behavior during non isothermal heating was analyzed.
An overview of the Biosphere Reserve concept and its application to Nepal
Authors: Jha Shree Gopal
Published: August 2007

The present paper provides an overview on the concepts of biosphere reserves. The biosphere reserve concept has been developed within the framework of the UNESCO’s Programme on Man and Biosphere (MAB). The paper spells out definition, objectives, characteristics, function, beneficiaries, structure and design, and criteria for the selection of Biosphere Reserves etc.

Key words: Biosphere reserve, conservation, ecosystem, conservation

Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp21-24
Participatory assessment of biodiversity conservation in community forestry in Nepal
Authors: Acharya K.P. , Goutam K.R. , Acharya B.K. , Gautam G.
Published: August 2007

The Community Forestry has been the most effective means of managing common forest resources in Nepal. Besides rehabilitating degraded hills, improving environment and contributing to the rural livelihoods, community forestry is claimed to be a major means of biodiversity conservation. It is also argued that the prevalent approach of community forest management threats to the conservation of biodiversity. This paper is based on the findings from two community forest user groups from Central Nepal and argues that the users’ innovative practices of active forest management favor biodiversity conservation. The study has documented users’ innovations to conserve biodiversity in community managed forests.

Key words: Nepal, community forestry, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods

Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp46-56
FEEDBACK OF WATER STRESS ON WOOD PROPERTIES OF TREES: EXPERIMENTS WITH MISTLETOES ON RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM SM.
Authors: Devkota Mohan P. , Glatzel Gerhard
Published: August 2007

Effects of infection by the mistletoe Scurrula elata (Edgew.) Danser, on wood properties of its common host Rhododendron arboreum Sm., were studied in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Central Nepal Himalaya. Heavy infection by mistletoes invariably causes decline of the host. Infested branches show inhibition of growth, defoliation and eventual death of branch parts distal to the site of infection. Anatomical properties of wood were compared in samples of branches proximal to the infection and in uninfected branches. The hypothesis that infection induces changes in basic wood anatomy could not be proven. Vessel density, vessel area, percentage lumen area and mean vessel diameter of the wood of infested and uninfected branches did not show any significant differences. The studied anatomical parameters were not correlated to the diameter of the host branch. These results show that infection by S. elata did not cause any changes in basic wood anatomy of its host R. arboreum. It appears that the studied anatomical parameters of Rhododendron wood are fairly stable and are not changed by stress due to infection by mistletoes. The damage to the host distal to the infected area most likely results from an insufficiency of total conductive area to supply both mistletoe and host. Unfortunately we could not determine annual conductive area increment, because R arboreum does not develop usable annual tree rings in the climate of the study area.

Key words: Himalayas, mistletoe. Rhododendron arboreum, Scurrula elata, water stress, wood anatomy.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
ECOLOGY AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF CHESTNUT-TAILED STARLING, STURNUS MALABARICUS (GMELIN 1789)
Authors: Jaman M. F. , Sahreen N.
Published: August 2007

Studies on the ecology and breeding biology of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnus malabaricus (Gmelin) were carried out from June 1997 to July 1998 in Dhaka and Nilphamari districts. This bird mainly found in parties and small flocks on the upper canopy and leaf of the trees to feed on insects. Breeding season of this bird started from the early February and ended to last July. A total of 30 nests were studied those were found in 5 species of trees and in the ventilation of buildings in five study areas. The peak nesting period was in March. Both sexes took part in nest building, egg incubation, brooding and feeding of nestlings. The mean clutch size was 3 ± 0.63 eggs. Out of 30 eggs belonged to 10 nests, 20 (66.67%) were hatched and the rest 10 (33.33%) were lost and infertile. The mean incubation period was 17 ± 1.3 days. Brood size varied from 1-3 nestlings. Out of 20 nestlings hatched, 10 (50%) were fledged successfully. The breeding success was 33.33% in relation to the number of eggs laid and 50% in relation to the nestlings hatched. The fledging period varied from 19 to 21 days.

Key words: Ecology, breeding biology, Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnus malabaricus.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE LITTLE CORMORANT, PHALACROCORAX NIGER IN A COLONY
Authors: Naher Habibon , Sarker N.J.
Published: August 2007

Population ecology of the little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger) was studied from February 2003 to March 2004. The study was performed at the village named Dhonagoda near the river Dhonagoda under the thana Matlab in the district of Chandpur. In the non breeding season, the little cormorant was found in Dhonagoda river, canal situated on the both sides of the Matlab-Dhonagoda embankment and in the ponds near the breeding site. In the breeding season they selected their nesting site in several trees of a house in its immediate vicinity of pond. They built their nests at Koroi (Albizzia procera), Mango (Mangifera indica), Fig (Ficus spp.), Siamese rough bush (Streblus asper), Coconut (Cocos nucifera). The little cormorant prepared nests in the trees, the height of which varied from 9.2 to 11.2 m and the breadth from 66 to 125 cm. Numerous nests (3 to31) were built in a single tree. The little cormorant collected dry pepper (Capsicum frutescens) twigs, dry leaves of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), fruits of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), grass (Cynodon dactylon), dry stem of Indian Plum (Zizyphus jujuba), Marsh herb (Enhydra fluctuans), Jute (Corchorus olitorius), straw etc. as nesting materials. During the study period, 198 nests were recorded in the colony. In total, 718 eggs were laid. Among these 557 eggs were hatched and 408 nestling were fledged. In the study period, it was recorded that 124 (83.22%) nestling were stolen by the local boys.

Key words: Population, ecology, little cormorant (Phalacrocorax niger), colony, Bangladesh.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
INTERFERENCE OF ALLELOCHEMICALS OF THREE WEED SPECIES IN SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH, UPTAKE OF PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC IN THREE VARIETIES OF PADDY
Authors: Chakravarthy S. , Sharma K. , Rao P.B. , Pandey N.
Published: August 2007

Effect of the extracts of three dominant weed species viz., Phalaris minor Retz., Chenopodium album L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. were examined on the seed germination, seedling growth and nutrient uptake (32p and 65Zn) in Swarna, Jaya and N-359 varieties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.). The maximum reduction in terms of seed germination, radicle and plumule length and total seedling dry weight was caused by P. hydropiper and in terms of radicle and plumule dry weight by C. album. Among the three different varieties irrespective of weed extracts, Swarna was resistant in seed germination, plumule length, radicle, plumule and total seedling dry weight and Jaya was only for radicle length, whereas N-359 was found susceptible in length and total seedling dry weight. The allelochemicals also interfered in gradual decrease in uptake of both 32P and 65Zn with increasing concentration of the chosen three weed extracts, both in root and shoot. Among the three varieties of paddy, Jaya was susceptible for 32P but resistant for 65Zn whereas N-359 was resistant for both the ions. Water soluble phenolics such as gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic and vanillic acids were identified from these extracts. The inhibition may be due to these phenolics and other unidentified secondary metabolites in weed extracts.

Key words: Germination, nutrient uptake, paddy, phenolics, seedling growth, weed extracts.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
PRESOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH THE CELL EXTRACTS AND CULTURE FILTRATES OF DIFFERENT ALGAE ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEA SEEDLINGS
Authors: Kumar Abhaya
Published: August 2007

Algae have very short span of life but have high potency of multiplication and growth. During its growth, a great variety of substances like growth promoters as well as growth inhibitors are synthesized intracellularly and they are leached out in the surrounding medium. These substances have marked beneficial effect on the growth and development of different crops.

In the present investigation effect of presowing seed treatment with the cell extracts and culture filterate of four algae viz. Scenedesmus bijugatus, Anacystis nidulans, Nostoc linckia and Westiellopsis prolifica have been studied with reference to the length of root and shoot of pea seedlings. It has been observed that the pea seedlings showed better growth and development than control in the cell extracts and culture filterates of all the algae. The effect of cell extracts and culture filterates may be ascribed to the presence of growth promoting substances in addition to other nitrogenous substances synthesized by the actively growing population and the deleterious effects due to some growth inhibitors produced by the algae or exhaust of metabolites in the latter stages of growth.

Key words: Cell extracts, algae, Pisum sativum.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
Welcome to a new journal!
Authors: Bajracharya Dayananda
Published: August 2007

The good news is that despite many limitations from national to individual level, there is a rise in research activities in Nepal. But the bad news is that the lack of standard and regular scientific journals within the country always discourages researchers when they prepare to publish their findings. This journal should be effective towards meeting the dire need of the researchers.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 1, 2003

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Research and its social significance
Authors: Mainali Kumar P.
Published: August 2007

It is we human beings who are to be blamed for the near or total extinction of many life forms with whom we coexist in this planet. Loss of biodiversity alters the ecosystem and makes human life increasingly difficult in many defined ways. But that is only the tip of the iceberg. Current rates of loss of biodiversity are high and accelerating. However, preventing extinction is practical, but requires enough investment. It is always a nice idea to fund new ideas. However it is imperative that the first and foremost investment priority should be concerned with the current and imminent threats in our well being.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 3-4, 2003

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Nice work – but wrong label
Authors: Shrestha Krishna K.
Published: August 2007

Review of

"Himalayan Botany in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries"

By S. Noshiro, and K.R. Rajbhandari (eds.)

The Society of Himalayan Botany Tokyo, Japan, 2002

212 pp. ISBN 4-9900825-2-4

Price not mentioned

The book cannot claim to be a history of Himalalyan flora for two reasons: first, it basically deals with history of Nepal-Japan collaboration rather than with botanical advancement, and second, the taxonomic development is exclusively confined within the last 40 years' period.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 15-16, 2003

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Metal toxicity in plants: How do metallophytes manage to grow?
Authors: Shrestha B. B.
Published: August 2007

Some of the metals (e.g. Cu, Mg, Mn etc.) are essential micronutrients of plants but other metals (e.g. Pb, Cr, Ni etc.) are non essential. Higher concentration of both essential and non essential metals are toxic to the plants. However, some plants called metallophytes, can grow in metal rich soil. Resistance to metal may involve exclusion from protoplast or detoxification and storage of metals in relatively inert sites such as vacuole. An understanding of genetic and physiological basis of the process involved in detoxification of metals is important in agriculture, afforestation etc. Cellular mechanisms of metal detoxification are briefly discussed.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 51-54, 2003
WTO casts a shadow over Nepal’s natural legacy
Authors: Roka Krishna
Published: August 2007

Can’t live with it, can’t live without it. Confused? The golden rule: Economic priorities should not be allowed to outweigh environmental imperatives

Him J Sci 1(2): 72, 2003

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Poaching: Get a grip on it
Authors: Aryal Ravi S
Published: August 2007

One of the causes of critical species depletion in the world is the increasing demand for wildlife products. Poaching, for example of rhinoceros, has long been rampant in Nepal, and has recently been facilitated by the reordered priorities and shifting constraints of the current emergency. The best hope for stopping or reducing the illegal exploitation of protected species lies in the empowerment and involvement of local people in conservation work. Better training, modern communication equipment, and reorganization of the anti-poaching units would prove beneficial in reversing a disturbing trend that threatens to undo even the limited successes of the past three decades of conservation.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 73, 2003

The full text is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Reasoning for results
Authors: Bray Dennis
Published: August 2007

If biology were just a matter of gathering data about a fixed reality, there would probably be no need for theory in biology. But, basically it is a new idea that makes some significance to the society. Now, more than ever, we need to acknowledge the need for what Bush Père referred to as “the vision thing.” We’re not just talking about discoveries, new techniques, and Big Ideas – all of which require thought, and often hypothesis. Now we are entering a new phase in biology, where computer modeling can create virtual realities – and even predict and shape real reality. It’s a brave new world, and without theorists to reflect on where it’s all going, it could get scary. (Summary is not from Nature; added with the permission by Himalayan Journal of Sciences).

This article is reprinted with permission from Nature, Volume 412, Issue 6850, page 863. Copyright © 2001 by Macmillan Magazines Ltd, England.

Full text available in the print version of the journal

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 79-80, 2003
GIS-based flood risk zoning of the Khando river basin in the Terai region of east Nepal
Authors: Sharma Keshav P , Adhikari Naba R , Ghimire Pawan K , Chapagain Prem S
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 103-106, 2003
Surface modification of polycarbonate (bisphenol A) by low pressure rf plasma
Authors: Subedi Deepak P , Zajickova Lenka , Bursikova Vilma , Janca Jan
Published: August 2007

Effects of low pressure radio frequency (rf) plasma treatment on the surface properties of polycarbonate are presented in this paper. Results obtained from the surface energy measurement after different conditions of treatment are compared. After treatment the surface free energy increased from the original value of 35 mJ/m2 to 63-74 mJ/m2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed an increase in oxygen to carbon ratio after the treatment indicating an increase of oxygen-containing functional groups on the polycarbonate surface. A study of the stability of the modified surface property has been made on the basis of surface free energy. To study the improvement of adhesion between the polycarbonate and thin coatings, organosilicon thin films were deposited on the untreated and plasma treated polycarbonate. The adhesion of film to substrate was quantitatively analysed by ‘cross-hatch peel test’.

Key words: Polycarbonate, surface modification, rf plasma, ageing, surface energy

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 115-118, 2003
Let’s air our dirty laundry
Authors: Sicroff Seth
Published: August 2007

The truth won’t out

Corruption and incompetence would not suffice to cripple development if scientists and developers were not afraid to blow the whistle and expose them. But it seems that the only way to protect your job in this little gossipy country is to protect the egos and reputations of those who are screwing up. Question: How can we put an end to self-censorship

Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.2(3) 2004 p9

The full text is of this article is available at the Himalayan Journal of Sciences website
Scientists: Four golden lessons
Authors: Weinberg Steven
Published: August 2007

After whizzing through undergraduate school, many students find themselves enmired in the endless suffering of a protracted degree program. Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg (Physics 1979) dons his bodhisattva robes to impart four simple lessons that will help grad students in any field penetrate the fog of perceived reality. Briefly, these are -- but why should we spoil the fun? Weinberg’s lessons, and his prose, should be savored without intermediary.*

Reprinted with permission from Nature, Vol 426, page 389, issue of 27 November 2003. Copyright © 2003 by Steven Weinberg.

* Summary not from Nature; added with the permission by Himalayan Journal of Sciences

The full text is of this article is available at the Nature website
Vegetation composition and diversity of Piluwa micro-watershed in Tinjure-Milke region, east Nepal
Authors: Koirala Madan
Published: August 2007

Comparative study of vegetation structure and composition of two forests at Tamafok (TF) and Madimulkharka (MM) villages in the Piluwa micro-watershed was undertaken. A total of 20 tree species were reported, with more species in the non-degraded TF forest than in the degraded MM forest. Rhododendron arboreum and Goldfussia penstemonoides were the dominant species in the TF forest, whereas Quercus semecarpifolia and Rhododendron arboreum were dominant in the MM forest. The total density of trees in the TF forest (756 ha-1) was higher than that at MM (346 ha-1). Similarly, tree basal area in the TF forest (69.8 m2 ha-1) was greater than at MM (56.9 m2 ha-1). Shrub density was also higher in the TF forest than at MM. Diversity indices for both trees (2.61) and shrubs (0.915) in the TF forest showed higher values in comparison to MM (2.4, 0.854). Concentration of dominance of the tree species was stronger in the MM forest (0.266) as compared to TF (0.258). The regeneration potential was higher in the degraded MM forest than in the relatively undisturbed TF forest. Seedling-sapling density was lower in undisturbed and mature forest which had closed canopy.

Key words: Forest structure, degradation, species richness, dominance

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 29-32, 2004
Plagiarism: Ke Garne ?
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2007

It wasn’t your typical fish story. This wasn’t a fisherman exaggerating the size of the one that got away — it was a case of massive plagiarism. Fortunately, HJS editors caught it before the story went to print, but we paid a price in time, money, and goodwill. Now we have to think seriously about what we can do to protect ourselves from intellectual dishonesty. We invite your suggestions and your collaboration.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p.7
Ecological science and sustainability for the 21st century
Authors: Palmer Margaret A , Bernhardt Emily S , Chornesky Elizabeth A
Published: August 2007

Through the work of international public health organizations and advancements in the biological and technological sciences, substantial progress has been made in our ability to prevent, control, locally eliminate, and in one case eradicate infectious diseases. Yet each successful control or local elimination has been met with the emergence of new pathogens, the evolution of novel strains, or different epidemiological circumstances that have limited or reversed control methods. To respond to the increasing threat of emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism it is vital that we design and implement efficient programs that prevent and control infectious pathogen transmission. The theoretical tools of ecology and epidemiology may be the cornerstone in constructing future programs aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases throughout the world.

Reprinted with permission from Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol 3, Issue No 1, page 4–11, issue of February 2005. Copyright © 2005 by The Ecological Society of America.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p.25-32
Illustrated checklist of pea clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) from Nepal
Authors: Nesemann Hasko , Sharmap Subodh
Published: August 2007

The pea clams (Sphaeriidae) of Nepal are represented by 11 taxa. The highest diversity is found in the mid-altitudinal range between 795 and 1570 masl. Pea clams are poorly represented in the high Himalaya and the Terai. Faunal associations are with the Palaearctic and Oriental regions and with Central Asia. Most pea clams are useful indicator species and, owing to their high abundance and long life span, they are useful in monitoring the water quality of streams.

Key words: Pisidium, Musculium, pea clam, indicator species, Sphaeriidae, Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p. 57-65
Health costs of pesticide use in a vegetable growing area, central mid-hills, Nepal
Authors: Atreya Kishor
Published: August 2007

This pilot study estimated the health costs resulting from pesticide-related acute health symptoms in a mid-hill vegetable growing area of Nepal. Farmers reported up to 13 acute symptoms due to the use of pesticides. Using the averting cost approach, on average a farmer spent NR 119 (US$ 1.58) annually for safety gear (at the time of study, NR 75 equaled US$ 1). Using the cost-of-illness approach, the total annual household expenditures due to the use of pesticides ranged from NR zero to NR 4451, with an average of NR 1261. Similarly, household willingness to pay (WTP) for safer pesticides ranged from as low as NR 1500 per year to as high as NR 50,000.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p.81-84
New Product Development Process Used in the Consumer Product Manufacturing Units in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bed Nath
Published: August 2007

This study focuses the technical process steps for new product development used in the manufacturing units and indicates that feasibility report preparation practice is regular in the consumer product industry. Consultants are used to develop new products. Top level, line managers, and food technicians are the main decision taking, supervising, and controlling authorities in the product development process. Consultants and market are the main sources of new product ideas. Joint meeting among research and development (R&D), production and marketing staff and inter-communication system are perceived to be useful for co-ordination of activities.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.1(1) 2004 pp.14-22
Thesis Writing in MBS: Procedures and Practices
Authors: Shrestha Sunity
Published: August 2007

This paper has been prepared with an objective to provide the official guidelines to the MBS students to write the thesis and prepare the project work assignment, and teachers to guide their students in writing the thesis and preparing the project work assignment. So, this paper has included formats of thesis and project work assignment prescribed by Office of the Dean, Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University and necessary procedures of the submission of thesis and project work assignment.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.1(1) 2004 pp.23-37
Microfinance: A Powerful Tool for Social Transformation, Its Challenges, and Principles
Authors: Sharma Puspa Raj
Published: August 2007

This paper attempts to explore the role and importance of microfinance in reducing poverty by generating the income of the poor. Microfinance has been emphasized for poverty reduction in developing countries through executing dual activities such as collection of domestic saving and investment of small loan. In this connection, this paper suggests microfinance practitioners and MFI to follow certain principles for making the microfinance services more sustainable in the long run and sheds light on the problems and challenges of microfinance.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.1(1) 2004 pp.69-74
Determinants of Competitor’s Response Time to the New Product in the Market of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bed Nath
Published: August 2007

This study is concerned with competitor’s response time determinants to a new consumer product in Nepalese market. Products are in high competitive situation. New–to-the-world product is facing more competition complexities. Channels, market research, sales force and public opinions are the main source to get the market information of new products. Consultant’s service is main helping hand to increase competitive strength. Financial and non-financial measures are applied to increase the competitive ability. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are in use to measure competitiveness of new products. The competitor’s response time to most of the new products is less than six months after commercialization. Types of users are also in focus while developing the new products. Cutthroat competition is emerging in the market and firms are not able to defend fairly.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.33-40
Forest Management Systems in Western Hill Nepal: A Study of Mahabharat Tract, Arghakhanchi District
Authors: Bhattarai Lekha Nath
Published: August 2007

This article intends to examine the dimensions of existing forest management systems in the western hill of Nepal on the basis of field survey conducted in the Mahabharat tract of Arghakhanchi District. The study suggests that there is a simultaneous existence of three regimes of forest administration and management in the study area, namely state controlled system, privately owned system and the community management system. Neither the forests are protected nor any initiatives of management as such found to have launched under state controlled system. However, the privately owned forests and pastures found to have managed better and so the community managed forests tracts. Although the community forests in area and intensity seems to be still in infancy the perception of the locals was found highly enthusiastic towards it and it is found directly related to the degree of scarcity of forest products. The assessment of some of the successful community forests entails that the emerging model of community forest is getting indispensable and right option for the better management of remaining forests despite some of the impediments posed due to heterogeneity within the communities of the users, the uneven distribution of the forests across the village settlements, undefined boundaries and tedious official procedures for handing over.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.56-64
Organizational Change: An Emerging Need for Survival and Success
Authors: Bharijoo Surendra M
Published: August 2007

No Abstract available.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.81-86
Novel Synthetic Approach to New Thiadiazolo-Aminotetrazoles
Authors: Kidwai M. , Mishra A. D.
Published: August 2007

A series of novel 5-amino-1-thiadiazolo-tetrazole derivatives have been synthesized by the condensation of thiadiazolo-thioureas and sodium azide under solid supported microwave irradiations (MWI) efficiently with excellent yield.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v22i0.516Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 22, 2007 pp. 1-5
Impact of solid waste on water quality of Bishnumati River and surrounding areas in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Devkota Dinesh C. , Watanabe Kunio
Published: August 2007

Haphazard dumping of solid waste on the banks of the Bishnumati River in the Kathmandu valley has severely deteriorated the surface and subsurface water quality. The river water as well as shallow wells in the vicinity exhibited very high conductivity as well as high nitrate, nitrite, and COD concentrations. Though the water in the shallow wells is not potable, it is being used by the inhabitants. Improper waste management has caused environmental pollution, increased public health hazard, and adversely impacted on urban economy.
Use of GIS and remote sensing in identifying recharge zones in an arid
Authors: Sen Pawanh Kumar , Gieske Ambro
Published: August 2007

A water balance model for the Roxo catchment in Portugal was developed based on ground data and satellite imageries. The model used the Thornthwaite-Mather method of analysing the recent (2001–2003) climatological records. The amount of annual runoff from the catchment predicted by the model is 29 million m3, which is accumulated in the Roxo reservoir. Almost all the discharge is contributed by the direct runoff and the groundwater contribution is insignificant. However, there are some groundwater recharge zones in the northern part of the catchment. With the help of remote sensing and geographic information system, it was possible to identify the groundwater recharge zones in an arid region like the Roxo catchment, where the traditional one-point calculation method failed to give any results.
Palaeohydrological reconstruction of Siwalik Group in Surai Khola
Authors: Ulak Prakash Das
Published: August 2007

About 5 km thick Neogene Siwalik Group in the Surai Khola section of west Nepal comprises many fining-upward cycles, which are from several metres to tens of metres thick. However, the Siwalik sequence as a whole reveals a coarseningupward trend. The palaeohydrological reconstruction of the Siwalik Group was based mainly on two parameters: the sediment grain size and the thickness of individual fining-upward successions. The estimated palaeoflow velocity in the Siwalik Group varies from 0.32 to 4.76 m/s, palaeochannel gradient ranges from 5.29x10-5 to 9.59x10-4 m/m, and palaeodischarge fluctuates from 1 to 104 m3/s, in the stratigraphically upward direction. These palaeohydrological parameters indicate a gradual change in fluvial system, presumably owing to the southward propagation of thrusts.
Engineering geology of Kankai Hydroelectric tunnel alignment
Authors: Dwivedi Sunil Kumar , Adhikary Prakash Chandra
Published: August 2007

This paper describes the engineering geological characteristics of rock mass in the headrace tunnel, powerhouse, and intake portal of the Kankai Hydroelectric Project. The project area lies in the Lower Siwaliks of east Nepal and consists of alternating sandstone and mudstone beds with frequent siltstone intercalations. The rock mass of the project area was classified according to rock mass rating (RMR) and rock mass quality index (Q) systems. It is of very poor, poor, to fair quality (categories V, IV, and III) in the headrace tunnel; of very poor quality (category V) in the powerhouse; and of fair quality (category III) in the intake portal. The stability analysis of irregularly jointed and fractured rocks of the area was carried out using SWEDGE and UNWEDGE. The analysis gave the safety factor of 0.45, 0.64, and 0.45, respectively for the powerhouse, intake portal, and headrace tunnel. The final safety factors obtained after the installation of support for powerhouse, intake portal, and headrace tunnel were 1.14, 3.33, and 4.53, respectively.
Structure of Respiratory Organs of Esomus dandricus (Ham.)
Authors: Bhattacharya Haimanti , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: August 2007

In Esomus dandricus (Ham.), 4 pairs of gills are present with secondary lamellae having a thin lamellar epithelium. The space, which is present in between the proximal margin of gill filaments and branchial septum, forms the so-called water channels to distribute water along the length of the gill filaments. Number of mucous glands and taste buds are present on the gill- rakers and gill head region. The gill filaments of the two-hemi branches are long and alternately arranged to each other, unequal in length and are separated by a comparatively long interbranchial septum (covering about 42% of the total length of the filaments). Tertiary lamellae are absent. Keywords: Fish, Esomus dandricus, Respiratory organsdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.305Our Nature (2003) 1: 49-52
Length-Weight Relationship of Lepidocephalichthys guntea of Pathri Khola, Morang District
Authors: Dhakal Ambika , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: August 2007

Length and weight of fish were taken in fresh condition separately for male, female and juvenile of ‘Pathri Khola’, Morang and then converted into logarithmic values. The correlation coefficient of different samples showed very high degree of correlationship varying from 0.9153, 0.8591 and 0.8290 for female, male and juvenile respectively. The comparison of the samples of male, female and juvenile did not show any significant differences. Keywords: Lepidocephalichthys guntea, Morang, Length-Weight relationshipdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.306Our Nature (2003) 1: 53-57
Oxygen Uptake of German Carp Cyprinus carpio var communis L.
Authors: Rajdhunge Bhuminanda
Published: August 2007

No Abstract available.doi:10.3126/on.v1i1.312Our Nature (2003) 1: 70-72
Structure of Gills of Xenentodon cancila ( Ham.)
Authors: Dahal Anjali Devi
Published: August 2007

No Abstract available.doi:10.3126/on.v1i1.313Our Nature (2003) 1: 72-73
Molluscan Diversity of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and its Surrounding Area
Authors: Thapa Damodar
Published: August 2007

No Abstract available.doi:10.3126/on.v1i1.314Our Nature (2003) 1: 73-74
Coralline algae from the Ninniyur Formation (Thanetian) of the auvery Basin, South India
Authors: Kishore S. , Singh S.K.
Published: August 2007

The Palaeocene sediment of the Tiruchirapalli area show presence of some elements of geniculate and non geniculate coralline algae. Four coralline algal species are recorded from this Formation (Thanetian age). Two of the described species belong to Sporolithon. Of the remaining two, one is assigned to Corallina, while the other one is indeterminate, being referred to the subfamily Melobesioideae because of the absence of diagnostic features.Key words: Coralline Algae, Palaeocene, Ninniyur Formation, Cauvery Basin.doi:10.3126/on.v2i1.316Our Nature (2004) 2:1-6
Efficacy of Some Botanicals against Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873)
Authors: Niroula S.P. , Vaidya Kamini
Published: August 2007

Dried powders of five different plants, rhizomes of Acorus calamus, leaves of Melia azedarach, ripen berries of Piper longum, leaves of Prunus persica and ripen fruit of Lindera neesiana were tested as treatments for the control of potato tuber moth at laboratory. Three concentrations C1 0.05%w/w, C2 0.5%w/w and C3 5%w/w were used in each treatment. The percentage mortality of adult PTM in each treatment was observed at every 24 hours of one week and compared with control. The effects of the treatment were also studied up to first generation constructing the life table. All the concentration of L. neesiana and A. calamus were found effective in PTM control. L. neesaina showed 66.7%, 70.0% and 83.3% and A. calamus 56.7%, 66.7% and 70% adult mortality, 168 hours after treatment in C1, C2and C3 concentrations. The effects of these two treatments persist for long periods, which causes high percentage mortality of larvae and less adult emergence in first generation. Keywords: Phthorimaea operculella, Lindera neesiana, Acorus calamusdoi:10.3126/on.v2i1.320Our Nature (2004) 2: 21-25
Fisheries Communities and Resource-Use Pattern: Chimdi Lake and its Surrounding Wetlands
Authors: Gachhadar Pramila , Adhikari A. R. , Chaudhary R.P.
Published: August 2007

The study was carried out among the fisheries dependent communities of Chimdi lake area, Sunsari district. Major stakeholders of fisheries communities in this lake and its surrounding areas, their expectations and role were identified. Keywords: Chimdi lake, Fisheries Community, Wetlands, Sunsari districtdoi:10.3126/on.v2i1.323Our Nature (2004) 2: 35-39
Anomalies in Bighead Carp Aristichthys nobilis and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Subba B.R.
Published: August 2007

Truncation and deformation on the upper jaw in juvenile and adult respectively in African catfish Clarias gariepinus; and vertebral abnormalities in Bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis are described. Key words: Anomalies, Upper jaw, Caudal fin, Vertebral column, Fishesdoi:10.3126/on.v2i1.324Our Nature (2004) 2: 41-44
Plant Collection and Herbarium Techniques
Authors: Maden K.
Published: August 2007

No Abstract Available.doi:10.3126/on.v2i1.327Our Nature (2004) 2:53-57