bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Евалуација на влијанието на алкохолизмот како социомедицински фактор врз појавата на мозочните крвавења
Authors: Pangovski Ivan
Published: November 2020

Цел на трудот: Да се утврди влијанието на консумирањето алкохол во појавата и лекувањето на хипертензивните мозочни крвавења и штетните последици врз морбидитетот и морталитетот на пациентите. Материјал и методи: Беше изведена ретроспективна студија кај 61 пациент на ЈЗУ Универзитетска клиника за неврохирургија  од 2011 до 2016 год. со различни манифестации на мозочни крвавења. Пациентите беа поделени во 2 групи: со и без нагласени ризик-фактори.Во групата со нагласени ризик-фактори се утврди дека 15 испитаници консумирале алкохол.Беа испитувани следниве варијабли: пол, возраст, волумен на крвавењето, компресија, исход на лекувањето и функционална мобилност. Резултати: Резултатите укажуваат дека алкохолизмот значително влијае на појавата на мозочните крвавења, особено кај болните што консумираат повеќе од 200 ml алкохол дневно. Најверојатна причина е оштетувањето на црниот дроб и нарушувањето на хемостазата. Заклучок: Алкохолизмот како социомедицински фактор има сигнификантна улога во појавата на мозочните крвавења
Познавање и однесување во однос на ХЦВ инфекции помеѓу студенти на медицински факултет, Универзитет Св. Кирил и Методиј, Скопје
Authors: Isjanovski Viktor , Isjanovski Igor , Nikolovski Pavle
Published: November 2020

Цел на студијата е да се утврдат знаењата и ставовите на студентите по медицина за ХЦВ инфекција. Материјал и методи: истражувањето е аналитичка студија на пресек спроведена на Медицинскиот факултет, на примерок од 360 студенти. Анкетирани се студенти од вториот семестар се до завршната година. Притоа користен е специјално дизајниран прашалник, кој е развиен од страна на истражувачот. Прашалникот е составен од три дела: прашање поврзани со социо-демографски податоци, знаење за ХЦВ инфекции и став на студентите кон ХЦВ-позитивни пациенти. Резултати: Стапката на одговор на анкетата беше 90%. Oваа студија, посочи дека целокупното знаење на студентите по медицина е умерено (многу добро-7-8). Студентите имаат повеќе информации за превенција на хепатит Ц отколку за другите аспекти на болеста, како начин на пренесување и симптоми. Регистрирана е статистички значајна разлика помеѓу знаењето за хепатитис Ц со нивото на образование на студентите. Заклучок: Нашата студија покажа дека студентите по медицина имаат доволно знаење за ХЦВ, но потребно е да се продолжи со едукација на оваа тема.
Квалитет на живот кај пациентите кои се на медикаментозен третман за бенигна простатична хиперплазија
Authors: Sofronievska-Glavinov Maja , Jovevska Svetlana , Kocubovski Mihail
Published: November 2020

Целта на ова истражување беше да се одреди влијанието на симптомите и ефектите од медикаментозниот третман врз квалитетот на живот на пациентите со бенигна простатична хиперплазија (БПХ). За таа цел направивме евалуација на две групи пациенти преку интернационален прашалник за скорирање на симптомите на долен уринарен тракт, Беков прашалник за депресија и прашање за квалитетот на животот. Првата (контролна) група ја сочинуваа пациенти со БПХ кои беа на терапија со алфаблокатор, додека вторатагрупа (испитувана) пациенти беа на комбинирана терапија со алфаблокатор и 5-алфа-редуктаза инхибитор. При анализа на резултатите дојдовме до заклучок дека пациентите во контролната група имаа подобар квалитет на живот како и психосоцијален статус кои се  должат на послабо изразените симптоми на болеста. Пациентите во втората група имаа полош квалитет на живот заради појавата на несакани ефекти од терапијата со 5АРИ: еректилна дисфункција и депресија, како и заради потешко изразените симптоми. Модалитетите во терапевтскиот пристап овозможуваат подобрување на симптомите во втората група и подобрување на квалитетот на живот на пациентите со двојна терапија за БПХ.
Преваленција на метаболички синдром кај пациенти со шизофренија во Центарот за ментално здравје "Пролет", Психијатриска болница – Скопје
Authors: Isjanovski Viktor , Isjanovski Igor
Published: November 2020

Шизофренијата е поврзана со зголемен ризик од кардио-метаболички морбидитет и морталитет. Метаболичкот синдром (МС) e релевантен предиктор за морбидитет и морталитет на кардиоваскуларните заболувања, исто така, се покажа дека е поприсутен кај пациенти со шизофренија. Цел на ова истражување беше да ја утврдиме преваленцијата на МС во примерок од пациенти со шизофренија во Центарот за ментално здравје - "Пролет", Психијатриска болница - Скопје и потенцијалните ризик фактори поврзани со него. Материјали и методи: примерокот се состои од 50 пациенти со шизофренија.  Кај сите пациенти е земена венска крв за да се одреди нивото на холестерол HDL, триглицериди и гликоза, измерена е телесна тежина, телесна висина и обемот на половината. МС е дефиниран според критериумите за Национална програма за холестеролска програма за возрасни третман - панели III (NCEP ATP III). Резултати: Преваленцијата на МС кај пациенти со шизофренија изнесуваше 46,0%. Се покажа дека зголемувањето на индексот на телесна маса (BMI) е значително поврзано со преваленцијата на МС. Заклучок: Оваа студија покажала висока преваленција на МС кај пациенти со шизофренија и дека BMI може да биде фактор на ризик во развојот на МС. Оваа информација е клинички релевантна бидејќи BMI рутински се мери во психијатриска пракса и може да се користи за следење на развојот на МС кај пациентите со шизофренија.
Cor triatriatum sinister - ретка вродена срцева мана- наши искуства во дијагнозата и третманот во детска возраст
Authors: Kuzevska-Maneva Konstandina , Kacarska Rozana , Gjurkova- Angelovska Beti , Jovanovska Valentina , Neshkovska-Shumenkovska Marija , Maneva Elita , Ilic Slobodan , Dukic Milan , Cadikovski Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Cor triatriatum sinister е ретка срцева мана кај која левата преткомора е поделена на два дела со фибромускулна мембрана. Проксималната преткомора ги прима пулмоналните вени заедно со крвта која тие ја носат, а дисталната или (вистинска) преткомора е вообичаено празна и таа е поделена од комората со митралната валвула. Има постојана комуникација помеѓу двата дела на поделената преткомора преку која крвта се пренасочува кон левата комора. Маната е многу ретка, најчесто е изолирана, но може да оди во комбинација со други срцеви мани. Презентираме случаи на две деца на возраст од 8 и 3 години во времето кога е поставена дијагнозата. Кај обете причина за дијагнозата бил замор и чуен срцев шум. За поставување на дијагнозата беа користени анамнезата, клиничките знаци и симптоми, ЕКГ, рендген на срце и бели дробови и златниот стандард - ехокардиографијата. Дефинитивно излекување беше направено со изведување на кардиохируршка ресекција на фибромускулната мембрана со користење на екстракорпорална циркулација. Потребно е регуларно периодично следење на децата со цел откривање на доцни компликации од типот на нарушувања на срцевиот  ритам.
Tay Sachs-ова болест -приказ на случај
Authors: Isjanovski Igor , Golubovik Arsovska Milena
Published: November 2020

Tay Sachs-овата болест е ретко нарушување, генетски наследено од родители на дете. Тоа е предизвикано од отсуство на ензим кој помага во разградувањето на  масните супстанци. Овие масни супстанции, наречени ганглиозиди, се издигнуваат до токсични нивоа во мозокот на детето и влијаат врз функцијата на нервните клетки. Со напредување болеста, детето губи мускулна контрола. На крајот, доведува до слепило, парализа и смрт.Најчесто новороденчето почнува да покажува симптоми на возраст од  околу 6 месеци. Знаци и симптоми на  Tay Sachs-овата болест можат да бидат: губење на моторни вештини, губење на способноста за превртување, седење или ползење. Потоа следат напади, губење на слухот и неможност за движење, зголемени реакции кога бебето слуша гласни звуци, губење на видната острина, појава на "Cherry-red" дамки во очите, мускулна слабост
The Difference Scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Exited Components in Psychotic Agitation Patients of Haloperidol Injection and those Prescribed with the Injection of Haloperidol and Diazepam
Authors: Affandi Muhammad , Effendy Elmeida , Loebis Bahagia , Husada Muhammad Surya , Nasution Nazli Mahdinasari
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The availability of psychotic medications in primary health care in Indonesia is in a limited number. The center of psychiatric health-care provides varied types of medications. However, the quantities are limited, in which the second generation of psychotic drugs is relatively expensive. Common available drug medications are haloperidol and diazepam.
AIM: This study aims to investigate the difference scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC) in psychotic agitation patients of haloperidol prescription and those who have been prescribed with haloperidol and diazepam injections at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study involved 64 psychotic agitation patients who were divided into two groups. The first group was 32 patients who have been prescribed by 5 mg of haloperidol injections and the second group was 32 patients who have been injected by 5 mg of haloperidol and 10 mg of diazepam. The PANSS-EC score assessment was performed for 1 h due to the side effects of medication consumption.
RESULTS: A significant comparison in terms of the decreasing of PANSS-EC scores in psychotic agitation patients who have been injected by the combination of haloperidol and diazepam was confirmed during the assessment of 30 and 60 min (p < 0.001). The extrapyramidal side effects in haloperidol group were found in two subjects, and the reinjections of combination therapy of haloperidol and diazepam were lower than those with one type of drugs medication, which, respectively, were accounted for 56.25% and 84.37%.
CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of haloperidol and diazepam had more accelerating effects in reducing agitation compared to those prescribed by only haloperidol.
High Level of Serum Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Chemerin as a Risk Factor of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescent Obese and the Description of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein −629c/A Gene Promoter Polymorphism
Authors: Arimbawa I. Made , Suastika Ketut , Junitha Ketut , Suryawan I. Wayan Bikin , Husin Michelle
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents has increased, along with increasing incidence of obesity.
AIM: The aim of this study was to find out the polymorphism characteristic of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) -629C/A gene promoter and to prove that the CETP -629C/A polymorphism, serum CETP, and chemerin levels were risk factors of MS in obese adolescents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A matched case–control study with obese adolescent aged 11–18 years was conducted from May to December 2017. Samples were consecutively recruited in seven junior and senior high schools in Denpasar. Case groups were obese adolescents with MS and control groups were obese adolescents without MS (non-MS obese). Both groups fulfilled eligibility criteria were matched by gender and puberty status. The study data were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression with significant level p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Analysis of CETP -629C/A polymorphism showed, AA and CA genotype were not a risk factors for MS when compared with CC genotype (OR = 0.81 [95% CI 0.23–2.88], p = 0.75 and OR = 0.95 [95% CI 0.38–2.37] p = 0.91, respectively). There was no significant difference between individual carriers A allele with individual carriers C allele to risk of MS (OR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.39–2.14], p = 0.83). The cutoff point of CETP levels was ≥2 μg/mL considered as CETP high levels, and <2 μg/mL considered normal; chemerin levels ≥170 ηg/mL considered as chemerin high levels, and <170 ηg/mL considered as normal. High levels of serum CETP were a risk factor in MS compared to normal levels (OR = 2.82 [95% CI 1.07–7.41], p = 0.036) and high levels of serum chemerin were a risk factor in MS compared to normal level (OR = 2.77 [95% CI 1.04–7.40], p = 0.042).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that high levels of serum CETP and chemerin were the risk factors for MS, while genotype AA CETP -629C/A gene polymorphism was not a risk factor for MS.
The Relationship Between the Level Fabp4, Risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Laryushina Yelena , Parakhina Viktoriya , Turmukhambetova Anar , Turgunova Lyudmila , Ibraeva Lyazat , Amirkhanova Dana , Nildibayeva Farida
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The normoglycemic patients with diabetes risk and prediabetes have insulin resistance and consequently endothelial dysfunction that possible causes macroangiopathy and adverse cardiovascular events and further mortality of it. An early diabetes risk identification using not only prognostic scales but also biomarkers is starting and crucial point of struggle with 2 type diabetes mellitus and its complications.
AIM: The aim of the study is to estimate the impact of FABP4 biomarker on diabetes risk and cardiovascular events.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted simultaneously among 389 respondents aged 18–65 years. We provided survey and clinical examinations. The risk of diabetes was assessed using the FINDRISC scale and cardiovascular risk (CVR) was assessed using SCORE scale.
The serum FABP4 biomarker was studied using a multiplex assay, immunofluorescence using XMap technology, a Bioplex 3D instrument, and a MILLIPLEX® Human cardiovascular disease panel I reagent kit(Millipore). Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.001.
RESULTS: The group of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) high risk was 79 (20%) of all study participants. The level of the FABP4 marker significantly prevailed in high-risk group of T2DM and high CVR was also established this group. We found a positive direct average correlation(r = 0.59; p = 0.000) between FABP4 and FINDRISC scale. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the level of the FABP4 marker increases withing the increased risk of T2DM. The correlation between FABP4 concentration and CVR according to the SCORE scale (r = 0.24; p = 0,000) was lower than between FABP4 and diabetes risk. Risk factors were established affecting on the increasing CVR by SCORE scale in patients with T2DM risk.
CONCLUSIONS: The level of FABP4 significantly prevailed in the group of diabetes and cardiovascular risk (CVR). The established correlations between FABP4 level and CVR or T2DM risk indicate on its increase in groups with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and a high CVR.
The Impact of the Family and Health Workers on Psychosocial Adaptation and the Process of Treatment of Oncological Patients
Authors: Kalajdžić Olivera , Pavlović Jelena
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Psychological support for patients and their families is of great importance at times when they go through shock, stress, and fear at moments when confronted with diagnosis and treatment.
AIM: Aim to this study was to examine the influence of family attitudes on psychosocial adaptation and the effect of treatment of patients with malignancies to preserve the integrity of the diseased person in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 100 patients who were hospitalized at Foca University Hospital, Department of Oncology between September 2019 and December 2019. The survey used a sociodemographic questionnaire as well as a standardized questionnaire to evaluate communication with patients with malignant diseases for the patient and family (CCAT-PF).
RESULTS: More than half of the respondents (69%) accepted the malignancy. When it comes to communication between health-care professionals and patients, 51% are satisfied with the communication and 49% are not satisfied. Most respondents (62%) hesitate to talk about side effects during treatment with health-care professionals, with a statistically significant difference observed between male and female respondents (χ2 = 6,014; p = 0.014).
CONCLUSION: The time devoted to the subjects by the physicians as well as the willingness to listen to the patient is important aspects that influence the adaptation of the disease as well as the treatment.
Stunting and its Determinants among Governmental Primary School Children in Egypt: A School-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , El-Sonbaty Marwa , El Etreby Lobna A. , El-Din Ebtissam M. Salah , Hamid Nabih Abdel , Hussien Hanan A. , Hassanin Amal , Monir Zeinab M.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, stunting among children is a major public health concern. It affects all aspects of children’s lives; its effects are not constrained to physical wellbeing but reach out to mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing.
AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of stunting in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children and its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric data, as well as dietary pattern, were collected.
RESULTS: Out of 1740 children, 7.8% were stunted. Not eating eggs and dairy products had the most profound effect on stunting in children (p < 0.001). Not having meals on time, skipping breakfast, and having <3 meals per day were predictors of stunting (p = 0.003, p = 0.00, and p = 0.008, respectively). Mother’s education (p = 0.005) followed by family income (p = 0.007) was the most affecting social factors.
CONCLUSION: There are many nutritional factors associated with stunting as skipping breakfast, not having meals on time, and having <3 meals per day. Scarcity in nutritive foods as eggs and dairy products and increased soft drink intake can lead to stunting. There are many enabling social factors for stunting as mother’s education and family income. However, the effects of these factors can be modified by health awareness.
Efficacy of Vitamin-D Supplement on Thyroid Profile in Children with Graves’ Disease
Authors: Pratita Winra , Arto Karina Sugih , Arto Nindia Sugih
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown low Vitamin-D level as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis and thyroid disease. Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies that stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors by increasing thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. Several studies report that many patients with autoimmune thyroid disease including GD have low Vitamin-D status.
AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin-D supplement on GD patients on improvement in thyroid hormone levels.
METHODS: Open random clinical trial was conducted in GD patients to determine changes in thyroid hormone to achieving normal levels between those receiving methimazole plus Vitamin-D supplementation compared with those who only received methimazole. Patients were checked for TSH receptor antibody, thyroid profile and Vitamin-D level before treatment and rechecked for thyroid profile and Vitamin-D level 3 months after treatment. t-test used to compare the drug efficacy (p < 0.05) in two groups.
RESULTS: From 25 children with GD accompanied by Vitamin-D deficiency with an average value of Vitamin-D was 16 ng/mL. GD children who receive methimazole with Vitamin-D supplement had elevated TSH levels in the 3rd month of therapy that was significantly different compared to GD children who received methimazole only (p = 0.00), and the increase of TSH was also followed by an increase in Vitamin-D levels.
CONCLUSION: All children with GD had Vitamin D deficiency, and the addition of Vitamin-D supplement to GD therapy would improve TSH faster than children who did not receive Vitamin-D supplement.
Effect of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Betel Nut (Areca catechu L.) in Colonic Goblet Cells of Mice (Mus musculus) Given Orally Infective Egg of Trichuris muris
Authors: Anto Endy Juli , Lelo Aznan , Ilyas Syafruddin , Nainggolan Marline
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted parasitic worm commonly found in humid, tropical to subtropical areas, as well as poor sanitation area. These worms are cosmopolitan, especially in tropical and humid countries like Indonesia. This worm infection is more common in developing countries and more in children than adults due to poorer child self-hygiene. Worm disease is one of the common society diseases with 60% of children in Indonesia which are estimated to be affected. One species of T. trichiura worm that is often used in research on experimental animals is Trichuris muris. The administration of T. muris infective eggs can significantly increase the number of goblet cells in intestinal crypts of colon and cecum. Goblet cell hyperplasia will occur after exposure to high-dose T. muris (acute/200 infective eggs) in resistant mice. Various studies on the development of natural and traditional materials have been developing in the past few years to see the effects of betel nut on the number of goblet cells in the large intestine.
AIM: The aim of this research is to determine the effect of ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of betel nut on the change in the number of goblet cells in male mice given orally T. muris infective eggs.
METHODS: This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design in male mice (Mus musculus) which were given 200 infective eggs of T. muris. The study sample consisted of 70 mice divided into seven groups. Doses of the ethanol extract of betel nut are 100 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w., and doses of ethyl acetate fraction are 100 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w. The independent variable was ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of betel nut. The dependent variable is the number of goblet cells. Mean differences in groups were tested by Mann–Whitney.
RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference of p < 0.05 in the colonic crypts and cecum. In Group K (+), there was no increase in the number of goblet cells (54.2000 ± 30.54864) compared to Group K (−) (79.0750 ± 11.79221) in the colon. There was an increase in goblet cells in the 150 mg/kg b.w. of ethanol extract group (64.1000 ± 29.50381), the 150 mg/kg b.w. of ethyl acetate fraction group (56.2250 ± 22.11035), and the 1 mg/20 g of albendazole group (68.3750 ± 11.30956) in the colon. Likewise, there was an increase in the number of goblet cells in the cecum. It can be concluded that 150 mg/kg b.w. of the ethanol extract of betel nut can effectively increase the number of goblet cells in the colon and cecum.
CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of betel nut 150 mg / kg of weight can effectively increase the number of goblet cells in the colon and caecum.
Performance Characteristics of Radiographic equipment in Selected Healthcare Institutions in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ada Achuka Justina , Rachael Usikalu Mojisola , Adebayo Aweda Moses , Oludotun Adeyinka Abiodun , Comfort Famurewa Olusola , Akinwumi Akinpelu
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of radiographic equipment performance is the recommended strategy for the verification of factors used in radiodiagnosis. Sometimes, the performance of the equipment is compromised due to the lack of adoption of the appropriate procedures and/or techniques.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the performance quality of the radiographic equipment in the study area in order to optimize the radiation dose delivered to the patients using these facilities and enhance their safety.
METHODS: The performance characteristic of selected radiographic equipment was determined using MagicMax quality control kits and test object. Radiographic equipment in eight selected radiodiagnostic centers designated as C1-C8 was assessed.
RESULTS: The results showed that all the radiography units in the studied centers passed the kVp reproducibility and mAs linearity tests with the exception of center C2. The kVp deviation for the centers varied between 2.0 and 7.7%, with the highest deviation in center C5 and lowest value in center C6. Center C7 has the highest deviation (–13%) of mAs, while the lowest value was obtained in center C6 (0%). The dose was lowest in center C1 and highest in center C3. The half-value layer, mAs, and filtration values had a stronger correlation with the incident air kerma dose compared to the other parameters. In addition, 50% of the equipment passed all the performance tests.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the performance characteristics of radiographic equipment in the studied area require improvement. Periodic monitoring of the equipment performance is recommended for adoption and enforcement to enhance quality practices and radiation safety.
Iraqi Women with Preeclampsia: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Abdulhameed Majeed Ban , Kadhim Jasim Shaymaa , Al-Momen Hayder , Hussein Mohammed Jalal
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a possible etiology of obstetrical and neonatal complications which are increased in resource-limited settings and developing countries.
AIM: We aimed to find out the prevalence of PE in Iraqi ladies and specific outcomes, including gestational weight gain (GWG), cesarean section (CS), preterm delivery (PD), and low birth weight (LBW).
METHODS: All singleton pregnant women visiting our tertiary center for delivery were involved over 3 years. PE women were compared with non-PE ladies. Complete history and examination were done during pregnancy and after delivery by the attending obstetrician and neonatologist with full documentation in medical records.
RESULTS: PE prevalence was 4.79%, and the affected women had significant (p < 0.05) higher age, body mass index, and GWG, but lower gestational age at delivery. The mean significant difference of GWG in PE and non-PE patients was 1.82 kg. PD and LBW had significant higher frequencies in PE. After considering several confounding factors, crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of PE with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were significant in CS (crude OR = 2.25 and 95% CI = 1.42-2.87 while adjusted OR = 2.89 and 95% CI = 1.43–3.06) and PD (crude OR = 2.41 and 95% CI = 1.73–2.46 while adjusted OR = 3.96 and 95% CI = 2.65–6.37). On the other hand, only the crude model touched significance in LBW (crude OR = 3.67 and 95% CI = 2.51–4.99).
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of PE in Iraqi pregnant females was higher than other neighboring developing countries. In PE ladies, maternal parameters, including GWG and operative delivery, and neonatal complications, including PD and LBW, were significantly higher than pregnant women without PE.
The Prevalence of Myeloproliferative Disorders in A Group of Iraqi Patients And Its Relation To Blood Indices Parameters
Authors: Abdulnabi Marwa , Al-Saadi Enass Abdul Kareem Dagher
Published: November 2020

AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients and to measure the changes in patients’ blood parameters.
BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of neoplasms affecting the bone marrow progenitor cells characterized by excess cells with a risk of transforming to acute leukemia. There is a gap in knowledge about the prevalence of Iraqi population. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of different types of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study is done at the National Center of Hematology from November 2019 till March 2020 on 75 patients who were diagnosed by a specialist hematopathologist to have one subtype of myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed to get complete blood count, blood film, bone marrow aspirate, and biopsy that were analyzed for each patient. Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed in terms of blood indices, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
RESULTS: The 75 patients were found to be comprising 35 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients (46.7%), myelofibrosis 22 patients (29.3%), essential thrombocythemia (ET) 9 patients (12%), and polycythemia vera (PV) 9 patients (12%). In terms of male/female ratios, they were as follows: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) male-to-female ratio is 1.2, CML= 0.94, myelofibrosis= 2.14 and ET= 0.5 and PV male-to-female ratio is 2.
CONCLUSIONS : MPN male-to-female ratio in Iraq, which is 1.2, CML is the most common subtype. Regarding myelofibrosis, in our study, the male-to-female ratio is 2.14, which is much higher other countries. This could be attributed to high exposure to benzene and toluene which are well known to be causative agents for myelofibrosis. Regarding ET or PV, the male-to-female ratios were compatible with other countries.
Providing rationale for the possibility of decommissioning Bilibino nuclear cogeneration plant based on the onsite disposal option
Authors: Engovatov Igor A. , Adiyatullin Rinat Kh.
Published: November 2020

The problem of the NPP decommissioning after the end of the specified or extended life has reached the practical solution stage for countries possessing a nuclear power industry. The major decommissioning options, both in Russia and abroad, include immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. At the same time, there are NPP units for which, for a number of reasons, none of the two options are acceptable in terms of ensuring the safety of the personnel, the public and the environment. Disposal, the third and a more rare option, shall be used for decommissioning in this case. The purpose of the work is to provide rationale for the possibility of decommissioning Bilibino Nuclear Cogeneration Plant based on the Onsite Disposal option by covering the main building with an inert material with the formation of a mound. The option has been selected considering the results of an integrated analysis taking into account the geographical, operational, radiological, and socioeconomic factors, as well as based on a limited experience of decommissioning commercial uranium-graphite reactors both within and outside Russia. In accordance with Russian law, the decommissioning stage will start after spent nuclear fuel is withdrawn from the unit and removed. Emphasis is placed on the proposed option preparation and implementation issues. Dates and sequences for the performance of operations to dismantle the components and civil works of buildings and structures, as well as the onsite protective mound formation structure and composition are discussed. The geometrical dimensions, as well as the quantities and types of the mound-forming materials have been estimated. The key mound-forming materials will be fragments of the components, the biological shielding, and the civil works, as well as local materials.
A conceptual framework and practical structure for implementing ecosystem condition accounts
Authors: Keith Heather , Czúcz Bálint , Jackson Bethanna , Driver Amanda , Nicholson Emily , Maes Joachim
Published: November 2020

Ecosystem condition is a fundamental component in the ecosystem accounting framework as part of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA). Here, we develop a conceptual framework and present a practical structure for implementing ecosystem condition accounts to contribute to the revision process of the SEEA EEA, focussing on six core elements: (1) developing a common definition of ecosystem condition, (2) establishing a conceptual framing for ecosystem condition, (3) portraying the role of condition within the SEEA EEA accounting system, (4) deriving an inclusive multi-purpose approach, (5) describing the components of condition accounts and (6) developing a three-stage structure for reporting accounts. We develop a conceptual framework for an inclusive condition account, building on an ecological understanding of ecosystems upon which definitions, concepts, classifications and reporting structures were based. The framework encompasses the dual perspectives of first, the interdependencies of ecosystem composition, structure and function in maintaining ecosystem integrity and second, the capacity of ecosystems to supply services as benefits for humans. The following components of ecosystem condition accounts are recommended to provide comprehensive, consistent, repeatable and transparent accounts: (1) intrinsic and instrumental values, together with ecocentric and anthropocentric worldviews; (2) a formal typology or classification of characteristics, variables and indicators, based on selection criteria; (3) a reference condition used both to compare past, current and future levels of indicators of condition and as a basis for aggregation of indicators; and (4) a three-stage approach to compiling accounts with increasing levels of information and complexity that are appropriate for different purposes and applications. The recommended broad and inclusive scope of ecosystem condition and the demonstrated practical methods for implementation of accounts will enhance the ecosystem accounting framework and thus support a wider range of current and potential applications and users.
New Antiarrhythmic Agent to Stabilize Functional Activity of Rat Heart Sinus Node Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Mirzoyan Ruben S. , Turilova Antonina I. , Gan’shina Tamara S. , Avdyunina Nina I. , Pyatin Boris M. , Meshchaninova Alexandra D. , Rodina Anastasia S. , Shagaleeva Olga Yu. , Zolotarev Valentin I. , Sutyagin Pavel V.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the antiarrhythmic activity of the new antiarrhythmic drug, succinic acid ester of 5-hydroxyadamantane-2-one (ADK-1110) and its effect on the functional activity of rat heart sinus node.

Materials and methods: Experiments were performed on 80 non-linear white awake male rats weighing 200 g, using calcium chloride and aconitine arrhythmia models. The ECG was recorded from all the animals in the II standard lead before the start of the experiment. The effect of ADK-1110 on the electrical activity characteristics of rat heart sinus node pacemakers in vitro was studied on 26 outbred Wistar rats of both sexes with a body weight of 160 to 200 g, using the microelectrode technique.

Results and discussion: The compound significantly exceeds the known reference drugs in terms of the antiarrhythmic in­dex. The agent also surpasses our previously proposed adamantane derivative ADK-1100 on calcium chloride model and is not inferior to the aconitine one. The electrophysiological analysis of the sinus node pacemaker cardiomyocytes character­istics in vitro under the influence of ADK-1110 revealed that the compound expands the area occupied by true pacemakers.

Discussion: The obtained data indicate the presence of properties of antiarrhythmics of classes I, III, and IV in ADK-1110. The indicated functional remodeling stabilizes the functional activity of the central part of the sinus node.

Conclusion: ADK-1110 stabilizes the functional activity of the central part of the sinus node. ADK-1110 also has a cerebrovascular anti-ischemic property.
A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)
Authors: Selz Oliver M. , Dönz Carmela J. , Vonlanthen Pascal , Seehausen Ole
Published: November 2020

The alpha taxonomy of the endemic whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, is revised. We evaluate the status of seven known species:Coregonus steinmannisp. nov.,Coregonus profundussp. nov.andCoregonus acrinasussp. nov.are endemic to Lake Thun;Coregonus Brienziisp. nov.is endemic to Lake Brienz; andC. alpinus,C. albellus, andC. fatioifrom lakes Brienz and Thun are redescribed. One of these species,C. alpinus, is revised, since the lectotype for this species is incongruent with the species description given by Kottelat (1997) and Kottelat and Freyhof (2007). The nameC. alpinusis thus retained for the lectotype designated by Kottelat (1997) and a new description of this taxon provided. For the species otherwise described by Kottelat (1997) and Kottelat and Freyhof (2007) asC. alpinusthe new nameC. profundusis designated.Coregonus acrinasusis genetically partially of allochthonous origin, closely related to the radiation of Lake Constance, and we therefore compare it to all recognized species of Lake Constance,C. wartmanni,C. macrophthalmus,C. arenicolus, andC. gutturosus.
Religion, European Elections and EU politics
Authors: Foret François , Mondo Emilie
Published: November 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de mieux saisir la résurgence de la religion dans l’agenda politique d’une Europe laïque. L’accent est placé ici sur l’Union européenne (UE). Le facteur religieux est envisagé tour à tour comme un facteur d’influence sur les attitudes et les comportements politiques, comme une composante idéologique et partisane, et en tant qu’enjeu politique controversé. Nous analysons ainsi les effets du facteur religieux lors des précédentes élections européennes en tant qu’élément cadrant la perception de l’intégration européenne ainsi que le vote. Nous documentons ensuite la crise qui affecte la famille démocrate-chrétienne incarnée par le Parti populaire européen (PPE) et les récits concurrents sur la religion visant à revendiquer le leadership dans la redéfinition de l’idéologie centrale et des démarcations de cette famille politique. Deux études de cas sont développées : la « crise hongroise » et la politique identitaire promue par Viktor Orban ; et le processus Spitzenkandidaten destiné à sélectionner le candidat du PPE briguant la présidence de la Commission européenne. Enfin, nous étudions le traitement de la religion comme une question politique au sein du Parlement européen (PE), et l’envisagerons aussi en tant qu’éventuelle pomme de discorde pour la législature 2019-2024.
De nouvelles pratiques en matière de lutte contre le fléau des drogues au sein de l’Union européenne
Authors: Ane Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Ce travail vise à réfléchir aux évolutions nécessaires pour des politiques publiques de drogues plus efficaces au sein de l’Union européenne. Nous suggérons d’orienter les efforts de prévention vers des pratiques nouvelles promouvant une éducation à la santé et la protection des droits individuels des usagers de drogues. Les programmes dits de renforcement familial pourraient pleinement jouer ce rôle.
Civil Society and Art/Theory Producers as Parallel Polis? Reflections on the Challenges of Dissident Culture from 1968 to 1989 and Beyond
Authors: Colombi Matteo
Published: November 2020

The article deals with Czechoslovak dissident culture after 1968, in particular with the movement Charter 77 and its legacy after 1989, focusing on the concept of paralelní polis (parallel polis) introduced by Václav Benda and widely discussed among dissidents: the idea of creating new and independent cultural, economic, and media structures parallel to the official structures. The study considers the paralelní polis as an instrument through which the (post-)‘68-movements led by intellectuals, artists, and theorists sought the emancipation and diversification of civil society in both capitalist and socialist countries. With the collapse of the socialist world after 1989, the history of the paralelní polis reveals that the ‘68 idea of civil society was ambivalent, while Charter 77 proved to be a heterogeneous movement. Many ex-Chartists came to believe that capitalism could better enable the existence of a civil society than socialism, while others did not accept this view. Moreover, even among the supporters of capitalism there was no unity (some were close to neoliberalism, others were critical of it). In contrast to the 1960s and 1970s, there was no dialogue between these different positions within civil society, but rather radicalization and exclusivity. The radical left, anarcho-capitalism, and Christian fundamentalism developed their particular and mutually exclusive narratives about the legacy of paralelní polis.
Kralj mučenik in sproščena opatinja: dva netipična svetnika iz istega družinskega gnezda
Authors: Divjak Alenka
Published: November 2020

Članek primerja dva svetnika, člana kraljevske družine v anglosaškem kraljestvu Northumbriji, brata in sestro, sv. Oswalda, kralja mučenca, in sv. Aebbe, opatinjo. Članek razpravlja tudi o začetnih zadržkih Cerkve v Northumbriji glede vzpostavitve kulta sv. Oswalda (634–642), za kar si je prizadevala Oswaldova družina ob podpori prebivalstva. V nasprotju z Oswaldom, ki je bil kljub globoki vernosti izrazito vpet v posvetno življenje, je bila njegova (pol)sestra Aebbe (ok. 615–683) dejavna kot opatinja in ustanoviteljica samostanske skupnosti v Coldinghamu (današnja južna Škotska). Zavzemanje za Oswaldov kult se je začelo že v prvih letih po njegovi smrti, medtem ko se je Aebbin kult začel uveljavljati šele v dvanajstem stoletju, toda drugače kot sv. Oswald Aebbe ni nikoli dosegla mednarodne prepoznavnosti, vseeno pa je bila zelo cenjena krajevna svetnica zaradi ozdravitvenih čudežev.
Open Digital Badges
Authors: Piedra Daniel
Published: November 2020

This chapter examines the development and integration of open digital badges within today's post-secondary education landscape. Two of the more common models for open digital badges are presented: open digital badges for standalone skill validation as well as the use of open digital badges within post-secondary programs. In addition, some of the benefits and challenges of open digital badges are illustrated using examples of their usage throughout the world. The predominant research on the subject suggests that open digital badges will play a positive role in skill validation and credentialing in the years to come. Institutions will need to evaluate various models, pros and cons of each, and through proper consultation, select the structure which best suits their needs.
Inquiry-Based Learning in Action
Authors: Lower-Hoppe Leeann M. , Brgoch Shea , Chen Yung-Ju , Sutherland Sue
Published: November 2020

Inquiry-based learning is a pedagogical strategy that shifts learning from an instructor-focused transfer of knowledge to learner-focused construction of knowledge. Based upon theoretical propositions that knowledge is constructed through social experiences, inquiry-based learning promotes greater understanding and integration of content. With instructors increasingly expected to utilize innovative teaching strategies and diversify the traditional lecture format, inquiry-based learning can cultivate complex learning experiences. This chapter reviews the theory of inquiry, experiential learning theory, and theory of social constructivism and describes the primary tenets of inquiry-based learning to provide theoretically grounded, evidence-based suggestions for instructors. Design, implementation, and evaluation of inquiry-based learning is discussed through examples of problem-based, project-based, and case-based pedagogical techniques. Outcomes and challenges of delivering inquiry-based lessons are presented as well as directions for future research to continue advancing educational practices.
Challenging Traditional Programs for Providing International Educational Opportunities in Higher Education
Authors: Howard Barbara B. , Ilyashenko Natalia
Published: November 2020

This approach to cross-cultural experiences for students in higher education offers greater accessibility to global experiences by engaging students and faculty in virtual international teams. Built on a partnership agreement between two universities, Appalachian State University in the United States and Novgorod State University in Russia, the ideas developed into a graduate certificate program of study currently composed of four online courses. Each course requires engagement of the students in virtual international teams to solve simulated problems. In this chapter, the authors explore the initial lessons learned in such collaboration from both student and faculty perspectives as well as providing specific course information and student outcomes. They also offer future plans for expanding the project to include other universities in other countries. This model of globalization in higher education challenges the traditional courses, study abroad programs, and student exchanges often found in higher education.
Evaluating the Quality of an Online Course in Information Literacy Applied to Engineering Students
Authors: Oliveira Ramos Teresa , Morais Carla , Ribeiro Cristina
Published: November 2020

An academic library created an online course in information literacy skills in 2007 for engineering students. This chapter reports the evaluation of the course's effectiveness in developing those skills. In the academic year 2015/2016, a case study with a mixed-methods approach was applied to 5th-year students (N=91) enrolled in a course unit for Master Dissertation's preparation in the informatics and computing engineering programme. Students showed high confidence in their information literacy skills. Online assignments' performance was good, but activities revealed quality issues. Performance in the course unit's assignments reveals a poor application of acquired skills. But satisfaction is high: students value independent learning and online access to resources and content. Despite evidence of some positive impact, the course lacks effectiveness due to issues in the course unit's assignments. Needed improvements include a better realignment with students' needs and a redesign with an instructional model to assure the promotion of students' success.
Blended Learning
Authors: Fialho Waldiane de Ávila , Leite Ramon Silva , Gaio Sofia
Published: November 2020

Blending technology and education is considered a strategy to obtain various benefits, among which one of the most prominent has been enhancing students' engagement. The implementation of hybrid education at university is a clear example of this combination. Thus, considering the relevance of the theme, mainly in the modern world, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the contributions of hybrid teaching to the student's learning process in higher education. To this end, a qualitative research was conducted, through in-depth interviews at a private, community, confessional, and philanthropic university in Brazil. The data obtained was processed using the content analysis method, and the following contributions to the students' learning process were verified: flexibility of time, space and pace; greater retention of the content, which is available on the online platform; autonomy and constant updating in the face of changes in the modern world and better performance in terms of grades.
Enhancing Agricultural Entrepreneurship Through Mobile Applications in Greece
Authors: Pliakoura Alexandra , Beligiannis Grigorios N. , Kontogeorgos Achilleas
Published: November 2020

The use of portable applications in the primary sector is undoubtedly an innovation that offers a truly important tool that helps farmers to utilize their farms and an approach to enhance agricultural entrepreneurship systematically and effectively. The chapter examined 10 agribusiness in the region of Western Greece and their owners were asked to manage their farms with the help of a “farm management” application for a period of 4-6 months. This case study focuses on assessment of mobile application usability. It examines the matter of evaluating the usability of mobile applications and is mainly aimed at evaluating a “proposal” to systematically record the technical and financial data of a farm using a farm management system. The results show that users find that the most important feature of mobile applications is the ease of use and utility.