bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Characterization of Bénard-Type Geothermal Scenarios Using Discriminated Non-dimensionalization of the Governing Equations
Authors: Cánovas M. , Alhama I. , Alhama F.
Published: January 2015

The classical non-dimensionalization process of governing equations is a low-cost method commonly applied for a first approximation to the dimensionless numbers that determine the solution patterns in many problems; however, this procedure fails in complex problems, where it is not even possible to define reference quantities – because they are not established in the statement of the problem – to make the dependent or independent variables dimensionless. The application of discrimination corrects this obstacle and allows suitable dimensionless groups to be defined. These, in turn, have two interesting properties: (i) they are of order of magnitude unity, and (ii) they have a clear meaning in terms of balance of physical quantities that counteract each other in a domain or sub-domain of the problem. In this paper, discriminated non-dimensionalization is applied to geothermal scenarios of Bénard-type convective flow, large horizontal boundary sides under a temperature gradient in porous media, to determine the dimensionless groups that control the steady temperature and stream patterns and, from these, the order of magnitude of the main unknowns of the problem. The results were checked numerically for many cases.
Application of a multilayer injection molding process for thick-walled optical components
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Röbig Malte
Published: January 2015

Nowadays, the injection molding of optical components is becoming more and more important. A process which constructs the injection-molded part in layers offers considerable potential for productivity increases in the manufacturing of thick-walled optical components. The so-called multilayer injection molding, also known as overmolding technology enables a considerable reduction of the normally long cycle times and improves the optical properties. It is even possible to increase the molding accuracy due to the lower shrinkage potential of the single layers. Contrary to experience, the influence of the mold temperature on the bonding strength is very low. So, the temperature control of the mold can be adapted to the process consideration in regard to optical characteristics.
Regularization method for predicting an ordinal response using longitudinal high-dimensional genomic data
Authors: Hou Jiayi , Archer Kellie J.
Published: January 2015

An ordinal scale is commonly used to measure health status and disease related outcomes in hospital settings as well as in translational medical research. In addition, repeated measurements are common in clinical practice for tracking and monitoring the progression of complex diseases. Classical methodology based on statistical inference, in particular, ordinal modeling has contributed to the analysis of data in which the response categories are ordered and the number of covariates (
Testing the relationships between shadow economy and unemployment: empirical evidence from linear and nonlinear tests
Authors: Saafi Sami , Farhat Abdeljelil , Haj Mohamed Meriem Bel
Published: January 2015

The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the dynamic linkages between unemployment and shadow economy for 32 developing and developed countries for the period 1980–2009 using parametric and non-parametric techniques. To this end, the Hansen and Seo (2002) threshold cointegration approach and the nonlinear causality test of Kyrtsou and Labys (2006) are applied to assess these relationships. Results obtained clearly do not support the view that unemployment and shadow economy are neutral with respect to each other, except in the case of Bolivia, China, Colombia, Pakistan, Philippines and Portugal, where a neutral relationship is found. We find, however, considerable evidence of bi-directionality in Finland and Sweden. This indicates that high levels of unemployment lead to high levels of shadow economy and vice versa. We also find clear evidence of unidirectional causality running from unemployment to shadow economy in the US, Jamaica and Venezuela which implies that, in these three countries, a faster rate of unemployment promotes a higher share of the underground economy in total GDP. Further, the causality relationship appears to be uni-directional but reversed for Chile. Overall, our findings suggest that policy implications of the unemployment-shadow economy relationships should be interpreted with caution, taking into account the test-dependent and country-specific results.
Whole-exome characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell lines BON-1 and QGP-1
Authors: Vandamme Timon , Peeters Marc , Dogan Fadime , Pauwels Patrick , Van Assche Elvire , Beyens Matthias , Mortier Geert , Vandeweyer Geert , de Herder Wouter , Van Camp Guy , Hofland Leo J , Op de Beeck Ken
Published: January 2015

The human BON-1 and QGP-1 cell lines are two frequently used models in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) research. Data on the whole-exome genetic constitution of these cell lines is largely lacking. This study presents, to our knowledge, the first whole-exome profile of the BON-1 and QGP-1 cell lines. Cell line identity was confirmed by short tandem repeat profiling. Using GTG-banding and a CytoSNP-12v2 Beadchip array, cell line ploidy and chromosomal alterations were determined in BON-1 and QGP-1. The exomes of both cell lines were sequenced on Ilumina's HiSeq next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions and deletions (indels) were detected using the Genome Analysis ToolKit. SNVs were validated by Sanger sequencing. Ploidy of BON-1 and QGP-1 was 3 and 4 respectively, with long stretches of loss of heterozygosity across multiple chromosomes, which is associated with aggressive tumor behavior. In BON-1, 57 frameshift indels and 1725 possible protein-altering SNVs were identified in the NGS data. In the QGP-1 cell line, 56 frameshift indels and 1095 SNVs were identified. ATRX, a PNET-associated gene, was mutated in both cell lines, while mutation of TSC2 was detected in BON-1. A mutation in NRAS was detected in BON-1, while KRAS was mutated in QGP-1, implicating aberrations in the RAS pathway in both cell lines. Homozygous mutations in TP53 with possible loss of function were identified in both cell lines. Various MUC genes, implicated in cell signaling, lubrication and chemical barriers, which are frequently expressed in PNET tissue samples, showed homozygous protein-altering SNVs in the BON-1 and QGP-1 cell lines.
Involvement of nephrin in human placental trophoblast syncytialization
Authors: Li Yue , Zheng Ru , Wang Rui , Lu Xiaoyin , Zhu Cheng , Lin Hai-Yan , Wang Hongmei , Yu Xiaoguang , Fu Jiejun
Published: January 2015

The placenta has numerous functions, such as transporting oxygen and nutrients and building the immune tolerance of the fetus. Cell fusion is an essential process for placental development and maturation. In human placental development, mononucleated cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells can fuse to form a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB), which is the outermost layer of the placenta. Nephrin is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the Ig superfamily. Previous studies have shown that nephrin contributes to the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes in zebrafish and mice, presenting a functional conservation with itsDrosophilaortholog sticks and stones. However, whether nephrin is involved in trophoblast syncytialization remains unclear. In this study, we report that nephrin was localized predominantly in the CTB cells and STB of human placenta villi from first trimester to term pregnancy. Using a spontaneous fusion model of primary CTB cells, the expression of nephrin was found to be increased during trophoblast cell fusion. Moreover, the spontaneous syncytialization and the expression of syncytin 2, connexin 43, and human chorionic gonadotropin beta were significantly inhibited by nephrin-specific siRNAs. The above results demonstrate that nephrin plays an important role in trophoblast syncytialization.
The Mammalian Cervical Vertebrae Blueprint Depends on theT(brachyury) Gene
Authors: Kromik Andreas , Ulrich Reiner , Kusenda Marian , Tipold Andrea , Stein Veronika M , Hellige Maren , Dziallas Peter , Hadlich Frieder , Widmann Philipp , Goldammer Tom , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Rehage Jürgen , Segelke Dierck , Weikard Rosemarie , Kühn Christa
Published: January 2015

A key common feature of all but three known mammalian genera is the strict seven cervical vertebrae blueprint, suggesting the involvement of strong conserving selection forces during mammalian radiation. This is further supported by reports indicating that children with cervical ribs die before they reach reproductive age. Hypotheses were put up, associating cervical ribs (homeotic transformations) to embryonal cancer (e.g., neuroblastoma) or ascribing the constraint in cervical vertebral count to the development of the mammalian diaphragm. Here, we describe a spontaneous mutation c.196A > G in the Bos taurus T gene (also known as brachyury) associated with a cervical vertebral homeotic transformation that violates the fundamental mammalian cervical blueprint, but does not preclude reproduction of the affected individual. Genome-wide mapping, haplotype tracking within a large pedigree, resequencing of target genome regions, and bioinformatic analyses unambiguously confirmed the mutant c.196G allele as causal for this previously unknown defect termed vertebral and spinal dysplasia (VSD) by providing evidence for the mutation event. The nonsynonymous VSD mutation is located within the highly conserved T box of the T gene, which plays a fundamental role in eumetazoan body organization and vertebral development. To our knowledge, VSD is the first unequivocally approved spontaneous mutation decreasing cervical vertebrae number in a large mammal. The spontaneous VSD mutation in the bovine T gene is the first in vivo evidence for the hypothesis that the T protein is directly involved in the maintenance of the mammalian seven-cervical vertebra blueprint. It therefore furthers our knowledge of the T-protein function and early mammalian notochord development.
Heat Stroke in Physical Activity and Sports (Original version in English)
Authors: Hosokawa Yuri , Adams William M , Stearns Rebecca L , Casa Douglas J
Published: January 2015

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is one of the leading causes of sudden death in sport and physical activity. In American Football alone, there have been 46-documented EHS fatalities in the United States between 1995 and 2010. In 2003, National Collegiate Athletics Association mandated pre-season heat acclimatization guidelines, which successfully decreased the number of heat stroke fatalities in collegiate American football. However, despite the advancement in modern medical care and increased awareness in heat safety, lack of appropriate on-site medical care is still contributing to EHS seen especially at the youth level. It is well established in scientific literature that fatalities as a result of EHS are largely preventable with proper education on the knowledge of recognition, treatment, and prevention of EHS. This document provides a review of the current best medical practices and evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, recognition, treatment, prevention, and return to play recommendations for EHS, specifically as they relate to sport and physical activity.
Editorial
Authors: Xygalatas Dimitris
Published: January 2015

Editor's Introduction.
Mental Culture: Classical Social Theory and the Cognitive Science of Religion, edited by Dimitris Xygalatas, William McCorkle. Routledge, 2014. 268pp., pb., $29.95, ISBN-13: 9781844657421; hb., $99.95, ISBN-13: 9781844656646.
Authors: Ambasciano Leonardo
Published: January 2015

Book review.
The Cognitive Science of Religion by James A Van Slyke. Ashgate 2011. Ash-gate Science and Religion Series. 196pp., 3 b&w illustrations, hb., £65.00. ISBN-13: 9781409421238.
Authors: Levy Gabriel
Published: January 2015

Book review.
ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO EM CLONES DE EUCALIPTO SUBMETIDOS A ESTRESSE HÍDRICO
Authors: Pereira Maria Renata Rocha , Souza Guilherme Sasso Ferreira , Rodrigues Andreia Cristina Peres , Filho Andre Luiz Melhorança , Klar Antonio Evaldo
Published: January 2015

O estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de plantas de Eucalyptus urograndis (clone 105 e 433) em relação à tolerância à seca, considerando a análise de crescimento das plantas. Para tanto, plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 8 litros em casa de vegetação. O delineamento foi em inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos contendo desesseis repetições. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água (Ψ): -0,03 e -1,5 MPa, através da pesagem diária dos vasos. O desenvolvimento das plantas foi avaliado em coletas a intervalos de 15 dias, iniciando no momento de plantio da muda no vaso até os 60 dias após plantio. Considerando-se o acúmulo de matéria seca total (MS) e o índice de área foliar da planta (IAF) como base para a determinação dos seguintes índices fisiológicos: razão de área foliar (RAF), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) e taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA). Nas condições do experimento, o clone 105 apresentou menor sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico, o que o qualifica como material genético promissor para ambientes sujeitos a estiagem prolongada. Já em condições em que não há restrição hídrica, os dois clones tiveram comportamento semelhantes.   UNITERMOS: Eucaliptus urograndis, índices fisiológicos, potenciais hídricos do solo     PEREIRA, M. R. R.; SOUZA, G. S. F. de; RODRIGUES, A. C. P.; MELHORANÇA FILHO, A. L.; KLAR, A. E. GROWTH ANALYSIS OF CLONE EUCALIPTUS UNDER HYDRIC STRESS     2 ABSTRACT   The aim of this study was to evaluate Eucaliptus grandis genotypes (Clones 105 and 433) in relation to drought  tolerance, through growth plant analysis.  Black PVC pots with 10 liter volume were used for cultivate plants in polyethilene greenhouse oriented east/west. Completely randonmized design with four treatments was used: two clones and two minimum soil water  potentials ( - 0.03 and -1,5 MPa) and sixteen replicates.  Pots were weighed daily in order to evaluate water content and characteristic soli water curve was determined. Plant development was obtained each 15 days from planting until 60 days  through  total dry matter (DM), leaf area index (LAI),  leaf area ratio (LAR), net assimilative ratio (NAR), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth ratio (RGR) and absolute growth ratio (AGR). Results showed that clone 105 presented less sensibility to water deficit, which qualify it as genetic material for use under dry soil conditons.  On the other hand, both clones had similar behavior with no water restrictions.   KEYWORDS: Eucaliptus grandis, soil water potentials, morphologic measurements.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE MÉTODOS PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DA CURVA DE RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO
Authors: Nascimento Patricia Dos Santos , Bassoi Luis Henrique , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva , Vaz Carlos Manoel Pedro , Naime João De Mendonça , Manieri Juliana Maria
Published: January 2015

A curva de retenção de água no solo pode ser estimada por diversos métodos, e alguns deles demandam maior tempo para a sua determinação. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi a comparação da curva de retenção de água no solo, determinada pelos métodos de Arya & Paris, câmara de Richards e centrífuga, em um Neossolo Quartzarênico em Petrolina - PE. Nas camadas de 0,00-0,20, 0,20-0,40 e 0,40-0,60 m de profundidade, foram coletadas amostras deformadas em 3 pontos de uma área cultivada com videiras irrigadas, as quais foram homogeneizadas por camada, formando assim uma amostra composta para cada camada; em seguida, tais amostras foram subdividas em três subamostras e cada uma foi encaminhada para a determinação da curva de retenção de água no solo pelos métodos testados. Os resultados obtidos pelo método de Arya & Paris não apresentaram correspondência com os obtidos pelos métodos da centrífuga e da câmara de Richards. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de calibrações específicas do método de Arya & Paris para os solos irrigados do Submédio São Francisco é recomendada, tanto pela possibilidade de uso da curva de retenção de água no solo para o manejo de irrigação, como pelo potencial do método quanto à determinação rápida.   UNITERMOS: retenção de água do solo, analisador granulométrico, método.     NASCIMENTO, P. dos S.; BASSOI, L. H.; PAZ, V. P. da S.; VAZ, C. M. P.; NAIME, J. de M.; MANIERI, J. M. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DETERMINING METHODS OF SOIL WATER RETENTION CURVE     2 ABSTRACT   Soil water retention curve can be estimated by different methods, and some of them are time consuming. Hence, this research aimed to determine and compare the soil water retention curve, obtained by the methods proposed by Arya & Paris, Richards (pressure membrane apparatus) and centrifuge, of a Typic Quartzipisamment from Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. To determine the soil water retention curve in the layers of 0.00-0.20; 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m depths, disturbed soil samples were collected in three points of an irrigated vineyard area. The disturbed soil samples were homogenized by layer, thus forming a composed sample for each soil layer. These samples were subdivided into three sub samples, and each one was used to determination of soil water retention curve by the methods tested. The results from method proposed by Arya & Paris did not present similarity with those obtained by Richards´chamber and centrifuge methods. Nevertheless, the development of specific calibration to irrigated soils from Lower-middle São Francisco region is recommended due to the application of soil water retention curve to irrigation scheduling as well as the quickness of the method.   KEYWORDS: soil water retention, granulometry analyzer, method.
ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA DE MICROBACIAS EM RELAÇÃO AO TIPO DE SOLO
Authors: Campos Sergio , Pissarra Teresa Cristina Tarle , Rodrigues Favia Mazzer , Barros Zacarias Xavier de , Ribeiro Fernada Leite
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros dimensionais da rede de drenagem através de 12 microbacias de 3a ordem de ramificação, sendo 4 microbacias por unidade de solo (LVA, RL e RQ).  A distinção dos solos foi realizada através do teste "t" para verificação dos contrastes ortogonais entre as médias dos três solos e da análise de agrupamentos e de componentes principais. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a análise multivariada não foi eficiente na discriminação dos três solos através das variáveis dimensionais.  Essas variáveis isoladamente através do teste "t" permitiram uma diferenciação entre o solo RQ e as unidades LVA e RL, porém não foram sensíveis para os solos LVA e RL.   UNITERMOS: análise multivariada, agrupamentos, microbacia, solos.     S. CAMPOS, S.; PISSARRA, T. C. T.; RODRIGUES,  F. M.; BARROS, Z. X. de; RIBEIRO, F. L. WATERSHED MULTIVARIANCE  ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO SOIL TYPE     2 ABSTRACT    The objective of this work was to study the dimensional parameters of the drainage net using 12 third-order ramification hydrological watersheds: 4 watersheds per soil unit (LVA, RL and RQ).  The soil distinction was realized using "t" test to verify the orthogonal contrast among three soil averages and the grouping analysis and mean components.  The results showed that the multivariance analysis was not able to discriminate three soils using the dimensional analysis.  The "t" test of this isolated variable allowed discriminating RQ soil from LVA and RL soil units; but  it was not sensitive to discriminate the LVA soil and RL unit.   KEYWORDS: multivariance analysis, grouping, watershed, soil.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO GIRASSOL SOB LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA NA REGIÃO DO ARENITO CAIUÁ, ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Gomes Eder Pereira , Ávila Marizângela Rizzatti , Rickli Max Emerson , Petri Fabiano , Fedri Gregory
Published: January 2015

O girassol é uma planta que se adapta em diversas condições edafoclimáticas, porém, as necessidades hídricas, assim como os coeficientes de cultura nos diferentes estádios fenológicos, ainda não estão perfeitamente definidas. Na região do Arenito Caiuá, Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, por possuir solo extremamente arenoso, portanto com baixa capacidade de retenção hídrica, torna-se imprescindível o cultivo de culturas anuais sob a técnica de semeadura direta. Com objetivo de estabelecer um manejo adequado de irrigação suplementar para a cultura do girassol nesta condição, valores de coeficiente de cultura foram propostos em cinco fases fenológicas. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições e cinco tratamentos, sendo um sem irrigação e quatro com lâminas de irrigação embasadas na adoção de diferentes coeficientes de cultura.  Ao final de cada fase foram medidas as seguintes componentes de produção: massa seca, diâmetro de capítulo, diâmetro de caule e altura de planta. A maioria das componentes respondeu de maneira linear, independente da fase analisada. Não houve baixa produtividade da cultura do girassol com ausência de irrigação, igual a 2271 kg ha-1, no entanto a maior produtividade, 3063 kg ha-1, foi alcançada por meio da irrigação que utilizou coeficientes de cultura iguais 0,4, 0,8, 1,2, 0,8 e 0,4, nas fases 1,2,3,4 e 5, respectivamente.   Palavras Chave: coeficiente de cultura, componentes de produção, irrigação suplementar, solo arenoso, Helianthus annuus L.     SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER IRRIGAGATION LEVELS IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM IN ARENITO CAIUÁ REGION - PARANÁ STATE.     2 ABSTRACT   The sunflower crop adapts various soil and climate conditions, however, the water requirements and the crop coefficients in different growth stages are not yet well defined.In Arenito Caiuá, Northwest of Parana State, because the soil is extremely sandy with low water retention capacity, there is a need for annual crops cultivation under no-tillage technique. In order to establish a proper supplemental irrigation management for sunflower cultivation in this condition, crop coefficient values were proposed in five phases of development. A randomized block design was used with three replications and five treatments, one without  and four irrigation depths based in the adoption of different crop coefficients. At the end of each phasethe following yield components were measured: dry matter, capitulum and stem diameter, and plant height. Most components responded in a linearly, independent of the phase analyzed. There wasn’t sunflower low yield without irrigation equal to 2271 kg ha-1, however the highest yield 3063 kg ha-1 was obtained by irrigation which used crop coefficients equal to 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 0.8 and 0.4 in phases 1,2,3,4 and 5, respectively.   Key-words: crop coefficients, yield components, irrigation, soil, Helianthus annuus L.
MODELO AGROMETEOROLÓGICO NA ESTIMATIVA DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE CAFÉ ARÁBICA CONSIDERANDO A VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL
Authors: Silva Samuel De Assis , Lima Julião Soares de Souza , De Oliveira Rone Batista
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a produtividade das variedades de café arábica, Catucaí e Catuaí, na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, através de modelos matemáticos agrometeorológicos, considerando a variabilidade espacial da produtividade nas áreas. Os pontos amostrais foram georrefenciados para a construção de uma malha irregular, totalizando 50 pontos por área. Em seguida, procedeu-se a análise geoestatística para quantificar o grau de dependência espacial dos valores reais e os estimados de produtividade. De acordo com a classificação, o modelo superestimou a produtividade para as duas variedades analisadas. UNITERMOS: Previsão de Safra, geoestatística, precipitação. AGROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL ESTIMATING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TWO VARIETIES OF ARABIC COFFEE CONSIDERING THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY  2 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to estimate the varieties of coffee Arabic Catucaí and Catuaí productivity, in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, through agrometeorological mathematical models, considering the spatial variability of productivity in the area. The samplings were georrefered building an irregular grid, totalizing 50 samplings per area. After that, geostatic analysis was made to quantify spatial dependence degree of the real values and the estimated productivity. According to the classification, the models superestimated the productivity for the two varieties. KEY-WORDS: Forecast of Harvest, geoestatistic, precipitation.
Redução da mobilidade funcional e da capacidade cognitiva no diabetes melito tipo 2
Authors: Ferreira Mari Cassol , Tozatti Joana , Fachin Silvia Maria , Oliveira Patricia Pereira de , Santos Rosa Ferreira dos , Silva Maria Elisabeth Rossi da
Published: January 2015

Objetivos Avaliar a mobilidade funcional e sua relação com a capacidade cognitiva em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) entre 50 e 65 anos de idade, e com menos de 10 anos de diagnóstico. Materiais e métodos Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal envolvendo indivíduos não diabéticos e pacientes com DM2 com controle glicêmico inadequado, selecionados por amostra de conveniência. Em ambos os grupos, foram aplicados questionário estruturado, avaliação cognitiva com Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e teste do relógio (TDR), além da avaliação de mobilidade funcional pelo teste Timed Up & GO (TUG). Resultados No TUG os pacientes com DM2 apresentaram tempo médio de 11,27 segundos versus 9,52 segundos nos controles (p = 0,013). A associação entre declínio cognitivo e dismobilidade foi positiva nos indivíduos com DM2 (p = 0,037). No subgrupo que apresentou dismobilidade e declínio cognitivo associados, 18% eram portadores de DM2 e 1,6% era do grupo sem DM2 (p < 0,01). Conclusões Pacientes com DM2 apresentaram pior mobilidade funcional e desempenho cognitivo, favorecendo a hipótese de que o DM2 influencia a mobilidade funcional e capacidade cognitiva antes do aparecimento de complicações vasculares ou neuropáticas. Esses dados sugerem que a hiperglicemia é um fator agravante no desempenho de atividades que exijam funções mentais como atenção, orientação e memória de trabalho. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):946-52
Suicídio de idosos e mídia: o que dizem as notícias?
Authors: Côrte Beltrina , Khoury Hilma Tereza Tôrres , Mussi Luciana Helena
Published: January 2015

Como a mídia aborda o suicídio de idosos? E o que as notícias sobre suicídio de idosos nos dizem? Estas foram as perguntas que guiaram esta reflexão, que se debruçou sobre matérias de suicídios de idosos publicadas na mídia nacional, entre abril de 2010 e abril de 2013. Observamos que a palavra “suicídio”, até pouco tempo atrás “aquela-que-não-deveria-ser-nomeada” na imprensa, aparece na maior parte das notícias, no título e nos textos, demonstrando que o suicídio, como problema de saúde pública, afasta-se do campo privado para ocupar e compor o espaço público. Constatamos que entre as principais situações de risco que levam os idosos a cometer um “gesto de comunicação” extremo estão os efeitos de uma política econômica recessiva e o prolongamento da vida sem dignidade, mediante o medo da dependência e do provável “trabalho” aos demais; situações que indicam serem essenciais o desenvolvimento e o fortalecimento das redes de suporte social.
An assessment of oceanic seabird abundance and distribution off the southern Brazilian coast using observations obtained during deep-water fishing operations
Authors: Branco JO , Fracasso HAA , Pérez JAA , Rodrigues Filho JL
Published: January 2015

The use of discarded fish over baited hooks used in longline fishery, and fish caught in gillnets, as a food source for gulls, albatrosses and petrels has been intensively studied in northern and southern oceans. This study describes the occurrence and abundance of seabirds observed from 20 foreign vessels which operated during the period between July 2001 and May 2005, off the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. A total of 353,557 seabirds were observed; comprising eight families and 28 species. The most abundant species was Procellaria conspicillata followed by Daption capense, Puffinus gravis, Thalassarche melanophrys and Oceanites oceanicus. Ten species of seabirds (392 individual birds) were incidentally captured in gillnets; and 122 birds (9 species) by longline hooks, with P. gravis, D. capense and Procellaria aequinoctialis having the largest capture rates.
A note on the infection of Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Osteichthyes, Scombridae) by Kudoa sp. (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida)
Authors: Eiras JC , Lima JTAX , Cruz CF , Saraiva A
Published: January 2015

The infection of Scomberomorus brasiliensis by the myxozoan Kudoa sp. is reported. The parasites formed plasmodiae inside the skeletal muscle fibres. The spores were quadrate in apical view and bell-like shaped in lateral view, containing four equally sized more or less rounded polar capsules. No detrimental effects were observed in the host, namely muscle liquefaction. The importance of these parasites is discussed.
Congenital epulis with auto-resolution: case report
Authors: SIQUEIRA Adriane Sousa de , CARVALHO Márcia Regina Dias de , MONTEIRO Ana Celina Dourado , PINHEIRO Maria das Graças Rodrigues , PINHEIRO Lucas Rodrigues , PINHEIRO João de Jesus Viana
Published: January 2015

Congenital epulis is an uncommon benign lesion that affects the oral cavity of newborns, and presents histological features which are similar to those of granular cell tumor. The origin of this lesion has not been fully elucidated, and many hypotheses are considered due to the large variety of cell types observed in histological sections. Epulis development occurs further in the prenatal period, and is more common in newborn females, frequently in the maxilla. This lesion usually is presentend as a nodule covered by normal oral mucosa, which in some cases, interferes with baby's breathing and feeding. This report describes the case of a two-month-old male baby who presented a pedunculated intraoral lesion in the mandibular alveolar ridge. Histological sections revealed presence of mucosal fragments with atrophic squamous stratified epithelium, and fibrous connective tissue composed of cells with granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm. A few days after initial exam, the lesion detached from alveolar ridge, and healed spontaneously.
The clinical meaning of external cervical resorption in maxillary canine: transoperative dental trauma
Authors: Consolaro Alberto , Cardoso Mauricio de Almeida , Almeida Carolina Dornelas C. M. de , Souza Ingrid Araújo Oliveira , Capelloza Filho Leopoldino
Published: January 2015

External Cervical Resorption in maxillary canines with pulp vitality is frequently associated with dental trauma resulting from surgical procedures carried out to prepare the teeth for further orthodontic traction. Preparation procedures might surgically manipulate the cementoenamel junction or cause luxation of teeth due to applying excessive force or movement tests beyond the tolerance limits of periodontal ligament and cervical tissue structures. Dentin exposure at the cementoenamel junction triggers External Cervical Resorption as a result of inflammation followed by antigen recognition of dentin proteins. External Cervical Resorption is painless, does not induce pulpitis and develops slowly. The lesion is generally associated with and covered by gingival soft tissues which disguise normal clinical aspects, thereby leading to late diagnosis when the process is near pulp threshold. Endodontic treatment is recommended only if surgical procedures are rendered necessary in the pulp space; otherwise, External Cervical Resorption should be treated by conservative means: protecting the dental pulp and restoring function and esthetics of teeth whose pulp will remain in normal conditions. Unfortunately, there is a lack of well-grounded research evincing how often External Cervical Resorption associated with canines subjected to orthodontic traction occurs.
Improving infrastructure delivery though better use of standards
Authors: Rawlings Colin
Published: January 2015

Inefficient and inconsistent use of codes and standards can hamper effective delivery of infrastructure projects. Steven Wilson of BSI, Bill Grose of High Speed Two (HS2) and Colin Rawlings of CH2MHill/HS2 outline initiatives on the HS2 project to deliver successful standards.
Wood facade materials ageing analysis by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Gupta Barun Shankar , Jelle Bjørn Petter , Gao Tao
Published: January 2015

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used in this study to quantify wood degradation. Nine different types of wood materials were studied. All types of wood were exposed in an Atlas solar simulator against artificial climate conditions. Additionally, natural climate exposure was performed for all types of wood at an outdoor test site in Trondheim, Norway, for 4 years. Surface treatment enhanced the durability of the wood and their performance against weathering. Rough surfaces might reduce the resistance against degradation in comparison with planed surfaces. The degradation during climate exposure created loss of lignin and accumulation of cellulose at the surface.
Development of HT- BP Neural Network System for the Identification of Well Test Interpretation Model
Authors: Sung W. , Yoo I. , Ra S. , Park H.
Published: January 2015

The neural network technique that is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) has proved to be a good model classifier in all areas of engineering and especially, it has gained a considerable acceptance in well test interpretation model (WTIM) identification of petroleum engineering. Conventionally, identification of the WTIM has been approached by graphical analysis method that requires an experienced expert. Recently, neural network technique equipped with back propagation (BP) learning algorithm was presented and it differs from the AI technique such as symbolic approach that must be accompanied with the data preparation procedures such as smoothing, segmenting, and symbolic transformation. The BP approach is able to identify the model with incomplete or distorted data without data preparation procedures. However, this approach uses partial set of data to reduce computing time and memory, and may miss the points representing the characteristics of the shape. The resulting identified model would not be correct and this requires sequential neural nets to get the correct model.

In this paper, we developed BP neural network with Hough transform (HT) technique to over-come data selection problem and to use single neural network rather sequential nets. The Hough transform method was proved to be a powerful tool for the shape detection in image processing and computer vision technologies.

With the aid of a HT method applied in this work, we can extract one simple pattern from the full set of data of pressure derivative type curve (PDTC) containing noisy and extraneous points. By using extracted simple pattern from HT method, we can then minimize number of data points when BP neural network is performed for the identification process.

Along these lines, a number of exercises were conducted with the actual well test data in two steps. First, the newly developed AI model, namely, ANNIS (Artificial intelligence Neural Network Identification System) was utilized to identify WTIM. Secondly, we obtained reservoir characteristics with the well test model equipped with modified Levenberg-Marquart method. The results show that ANNIS was proved to be quite reliable model for the data having noisy, miss-ing, and extraneous points. They also demon-strate that reservoir parameters were successfu1ly estimated.
State-Of-The-Art in Permeability Determination From Well Log Data: Part 1- A Comparative Study, Model Development
Authors: Balan B. , Mohaghegh S. , Ameri S.
Published: January 2015

This study discusses and compares, from a practical point of view, three different approaches for permeability determination from logs. These are empirical, statistical, and the recently introduced "virtual measurement" methods. They respectively make use of empirically determined models, multiple variable regression, and artificial neural networks. All three methods are applied to well log data from a heterogeneous formation and the results are compared with core permeability, which is considered to be the standard.

In this first part of the paper we present only the model development phase in which we are testing the capability of each method to match the presented data. Based on this, the best two methods are to be analyzed in tenns of prediction performance in the second part of this paper
The Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Growth in Children
Authors: Philip Jim
Published: January 2015

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended as the first-line therapy for children with persistent asthma. These agents are particularly effective in reducing underlying airway inflammation, improving lung function, decreasing airway hyper-reactivity, and reducing intensity of symptoms in asthmatics. Chronic diseases, such as asthma, have growth-suppressing effects independent of the treatment, which inevitably complicates growth studies. One year studies showed a small, dose-dependent effect of most ICS on childhood growth, with some differences across various ICS molecules, and across individual children. Some ICS at the doses studied did not affect childhood growth when rigorous study designs were used. Most studies did not conform completely with the FDA guidance. The data on effects of childhood ICS use on final adult height are conflicting, but one recent well-designed study showed such an effect, clearly warranting additional studies. In spite of these measurable effects of ICS on childhood growth, it is important to understand that the safety profile of all ICS preparations, with focal anti-inflammatory effects on the lung, is significantly better than oral glucocorticoids.
Inhaled Corticosteroids and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Sannarangappa Vishnu , Jalleh Ryan
Published: January 2015

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been used as first line treatment of asthma for many decades. ICS are a form of exogenous glucocorticosteroids that can suppress the endogenous production of glucocorticosteroids, a condition known as adrenal suppression (AS). As a result, cessation, decreasing the dose or changing the type of ICS may trigger features of adrenal insufficiency (AI). AI may cause a spectrum of presentations varying from vague symptoms of fatigue to potentially life threatening acute adrenal crises. This article reviews the current literature on ICS and AI particularly in adults (although majority of data available is from the paediatric population). It aims to increase awareness of the potential risk of AI associated with ICS use, delineate the pathogenesis of AI and to provide recommendations on screening and management. From our literature review, we have found numerous case reports that have shown an association between ICS and AI particularly in children and patients using high doses. However, there have also been reports of AI in adults as well as in patients using low to moderate doses of ICS. To conclude, we recommend screening for AI in select patient groups with an initial early morning serum cortisol. If results are abnormal, more definitive testing such as the low dose corticotropin stimulation test may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Glycemic Status
Authors: Egbuonu Francis , Antonio Farrah A , Edavalath Mahamood
Published: January 2015

Although the dysglycemic effects of systemic glucocorticoid therapy are well known, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on carbohydrate metabolism is still a subject of debate. The systemic bioavailability of ICS is claimed to be minimal and the side effects negligible. However, some large retrospective cohort studies showed a definite association between ICS use and incident diabetes or worsening glycemic control in pre-existing diabetes. There are no professional-body recommended guidelines on the diagnosis and management of steroid-induced diabetes for the general population. This review aims to evaluate the systemic dysglycemic effect of ICS treatment and to propose a management algorithm.
Audit Fees and Client Industry Homogeneity
Authors: Cairney Timothy D. , Stewart Errol G.
Published: January 2015

This study examines the relationship between a client industry's homogeneity and audit fees. We assume that audit efficiencies occur in audits in industries whose members have similar operations and, therefore, are where auditors benefit from the use of similar audit procedures and experience lower average audit costs. To identify industries with similar operations, we use operational expense homogeneity, which is based on the correlations between the changes in operating expenses among industry members. Adapting a standard fee model (Hay, Knechel, and Wong 2006), we find that homogeneity is negatively associated with audit fees. Further, we find that specialist auditors charge lower fees in homogenous industries. Finally, we observe a lower standard deviation of fees in more homogenous industries. Together, these results suggest that auditors sustain lower costs in audits of homogenous clients and that the similarly lower costs incurred across auditors are passed on to clients in the form of lower fees.

Data Availability: Data used in this paper are available from the sources listed in the paper.
Running Droplet Optical Multiplexer
Authors: Brandhoff Lukas , Akhtar Mahmuda , Bülters Mike , Bergmann Ralf B. , Vellekoop Michael J.
Published: January 2015

We present an optofluidic device for switching light from multiple inputs to one common output. The device uses a microfluidic channel filled with high index of refraction oil as a waveguide, and moves low refractive index interruptions in the form of aqueous droplets through the channel. Whenever a droplet passes one of the optical inputs, this specific input is switched through to the output. This produces a running switching of one output following the other creating a 8x1 multiplexer.
Serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men and in gay-oriented social venues in the Paris region: July 2013 to December 2014
Authors: Aubert L , Taha M  K , Boo N , Le Strat Y , Deghmane A E , Sanna A , Barret A S , Lévy-Bruhl D , Vandentorren S , Parent du Châtelet I
Published: January 2015

In November 2014, French public health authorities renewed the recommendation to target for vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease men who have sex with men (MSM) and all individuals ≥25 years attending social venues associated with the gay community. This policy was extended beyond the Paris region as a reaction to the continuing spread of serogroup C isolates belonging to a new lineage within clonal complex cc11 since the recommendation was first issued in July 2013.
Sacrococcygeal teratoma with intradural extension: case report
Authors: Shahjouei Shima , Hanaei Sara , Nejat Farideh , Monajemzadeh Maryam , Khashab Mostafa El
Published: January 2015

Intradural sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare entity that has been reported in only a few cases previously. The authors present the case of a 2-week-old, otherwise healthy neonate with a mass in the buttock. The imaging findings and the high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein were highly suggestive of SCT. On operation the authors found intradural extension of the teratoma. The lesion was managed successfully without any remaining sequelae. The authors briefly review the currently proposed etiology regarding teratoma formation and the intradural extension of SCT.
Dimethylfumarate alleviates early brain injury and secondary cognitive deficits after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via activation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system
Authors: Liu Yizhi , Qiu Jiaoxue , Wang Zhong , You Wanchun , Wu Lingyun , Ji Chengyuan , Chen Gang
Published: January 2015

OBJECT

Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are thought to promote brain damage in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports have shown that dimethylfumarate (DMF) can activate the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2–antioxidant-responsive element (Keap1-Nrf2-ARE) system in vivo and in vitro, which leads to the downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of DMF on SAH-induced brain injury in rats.

METHODS

Rats were subjected to SAH by the injection of 300 μl of autologous blood into the chiasmatic cistern. Rats in a DMF-treated group were given 15 mg/kg DMF twice daily by oral gavage for 2 days after the onset of SAH. Cortical apoptosis, neural necrosis, brain edema, blood-brain barrier impairment, learning deficits, and changes in the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway were assessed.

RESULTS

Administration of DMF significantly ameliorated the early brain injury and learning deficits induced by SAH in this animal model. Treatment with DMF markedly upregulated the expressions of agents related to Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling after SAH. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress were downregulated by DMF therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

DMF administration resulted in abatement of the development of early brain injury and cognitive dysfunction in this prechiasmatic cistern SAH model. This result was probably mediated by the effect of DMF on the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system.
Intraoperative radiotherapy to treat newly diagnosed solitary brain metastasis: initial experience and long-term outcomes
Authors: Weil Robert J. , Mavinkurve Gaurav G. , Chao Samuel T. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Suh John H. , Kolar Matthew , Toms Steven A.
Published: January 2015

OBJECT

The authors assessed the feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) using a portable radiation source to treat newly diagnosed, surgically resected, solitary brain metastasis (BrM).

METHODS

In a nonrandomized prospective study, 23 patients with histologically confirmed BrM were treated with an Intrabeam device that delivered 14 Gy to a 2-mm depth to the resection cavity during surgery.

RESULTS

In a 5-year minimum follow-up period, progression-free survival from the time of surgery with simultaneous IORT averaged (± SD) 22 ± 33 months (range 1–96 months), with survival from the time of BrM treatment with surgery+IORT of 30 ± 32 months (range 1–96 months) and overall survival from the time of first cancer diagnosis of 71 ± 64 months (range 4–197 months). For the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), patients with a score of 1.5–2.0 (n = 12) had an average posttreatment survival of 21 ± 26 months (range 1–96 months), those with a score of 2.5–3.0 (n = 7) had an average posttreatment survival of 52 ± 40 months (range 5–94 months), and those with a score of 3.5–4.0 (n = 4) had an average posttreatment survival of 17 ± 12 months (range 4–28 months). A BrM at the treatment site recurred in 7 patients 9 ± 6 months posttreatment, and 5 patients had new but distant BrM 17 ± 3 months after surgery+IORT. Six patients later received whole-brain radiation therapy, 7 patients received radiosurgery, and 2 patients received both treatments. The median Karnofsky Performance Scale scores before and 1 and 3 months after surgery were 80, 90, and 90, respectively; at the time of this writing, 3 patients remain alive with a CNS progression-free survival of > 90 months without additional BrM treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of resection combined with IORT at a dose of 14 Gy to a 2-mm peripheral margin to treat a solitary BrM. Local control, distant control, and long-term survival were comparable to those of other commonly used modalities. Surgery combined with IORT seems to be a potential adjunct to patient treatment for CNS involvement by systemic cancer.