bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular Untuk Mereduksi Kadar Pb dan Cd pada Lahan Sawah Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Selada
Authors: Nadir Marhamah , Syamsia Syamsia , Laban Sartika
Published: February 2020

Pb and Cd are two types of heavy metal that has been widely contaminates agricultural land. Pollution on agricultural land led to a decrease in productivity, disruption of the ecological balance and impaired human health. The research aims to identify and detect the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in the soil and measure the effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal veskular withstand heavy metals in lettuce plants. Soil samples were collected in the Village Sudiang Makassar City using stratified sampling and purposive sampling methods. Sampling points are distinguished based on the distance from the highway, which is 15 meters and 30 meters. Analysis of heavy metal content in soil carried Soil Laboratory BPTP Maros. The study based on a randomized block design in a factorial 2 factors. The first factor was soil sampling and the second factor was the provision of mycorrhizae. Based on the survey results revealed that the content of Pb and Cd in soil belt of northern South Sulawesi has passed the threshold. Due to the reduced content of Pb and Cd after treatment arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but the decline is not significant compared with no treatment mycorrhizae. The content of Cd and Pb in plants of lettuce grown in the various media and the addition of CAM treatments above the threshold concentration safe for consumption.
PENINGKATAN UNSUR HARA KALIUM DALAM TANAH MELALUI APLIKASI POC BATANG PISANG DAN SABUT KELAPA
Authors: Rahma Sitti , Rasyid Burhanuddin , Jayadi Muh.
Published: February 2020

In Indonesia, there is not much use of potassium fertilizer for plants. Generally, farmers are more familiar with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers than potassium. This is caused potassium is expensive and hard to find, so there should be another alternative for easily and economic potassium fertilizer. This study aims to analyze the effect of organic liquid fertilizer produced from banana stem and coconut fiber to increase Potassium in soil and maize growth on ex-cassava cultivation land in Moncongloe Bulu Village, Moncongloe District, Maros Regency. The study used randomized block design within two factors and replied for three times. The first factor is coconut liquid fertilizer with 4 levels; SK1 (50 ml/pot), SK2 (100 ml/pot), SK3 (150 ml/pot) and SK4 (200 ml/pot). The second factor is banana liquid fertilizer with 4 levels; BP1 (25ml/pot), BP2 (50ml/pot), BP3 (75ml/pot) and BP4 (100ml/pot), so there are 27 total of treatment units. The results showed that coconut liquid fertilizer significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, dry matter weight, dry root weight, matter weight, root weight, organic carbon, cation exchanged capacity, percentage Potassium of maize, and gained the highest average of Pottassium increasing in soil. Nevertheless, it has not significant effect to soil pH.
Peningkatan Mutu Usaha Makanan Tradisional Kue Dumalo Di Desa Luwoo Kecamatan Talaga Jaya Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Dai Sri Indriyani , Pakaya Srie Isnawaty
Published: February 2020

Kue Dumalo merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional yang ada di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Usaha kue Dumalo ini apabila ditekuni dengan professional dengan memperhatikan inovasi bentuk, penguatan rasa, kemasan dan strategi pasar, sehingga mampu bersaing dengan makanan modern dan akan meberikan peluang dan potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkan sehingga akan mendatangkan keuntungan sekaligus menjadi ajang promosi makanan tradisional. Melihat potensi yang ada, masyarakat Desa Luwoo Kecamatan Talaga Jaya Kabupaten Gorontalo perlu diberikan pelatihan pembuatan kue dumalo dengan variasi rasa, pelatihan pengemasan dan pelabelan kue dumalo, pelatihan dan pendampingan pengurusan PIRT, pelatihan keterampilan dan kewirausahaan, bimbingan teknis peningkatan mutu usaha dan pendampingan serta evaluasi program melalui program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM).  Pelaksanaan program KKN-PPM dapat membantu masyarakat dalam hal ini di desa Luwoo Kecamatan Talaga Jaya Kabupaten Gorontalo untuk meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi mereka melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat kelompok usaha dumalo untuk menjadikan produk yang lebih berkualitas. Melalui pelaksanaan program KKN-PPM sangat membatu masyarakat di Desa Luwoo Kecamatan Talaga Jaya Kabupaten Gorontalo dalam hal peningkatan produksi melalui aspek produksi, aspek pemasaran dan aspek manajemen usaha.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pembelajaran Rambu-Rambu Lalu Lintas Berbasis Android Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Syakur Muhammad Ali , Anamisa Devie Rosa
Published: February 2020

Optimalisasi kualitas sekolah tergantung pada pemahaman untuk proses belajar mengajar di dalam kelas maupun di luar kelas. sekolah berkualitas menunjukkan kapasitas kemampuan siswa dalam mengotpimalkan program tertentu seperti dalam pembelajaran berlalu lintas. Pelajaran ini difokuskan pada pengamatan mengajar berupa pengenalan kesadaran berlalu lintas. Proses belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif,seperti grounded theory berbasis android belum pernah diperkenalkan pada siswa-siswi sekolah dasar (SD). Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengenalkan perangkat pembelajaran menjadi solusi baru dalam perkembangan dunia pendidikan sebagai pembelajaran interaktif. Selain itu, penanaman kesadaran berlalu lintas sebaiknya dilakukan sejak dini. Masa anak-anak merupakan fase awal dalam kehidupan manusia untuk memulai sosialisasi eksternal di luar lingkungan keluarga intinya dan pada fase ini anak-anak cenderung lebihmudah untuk menyerap nilai-nilai termasuk pengetahuan berlalu lintas karena pada nantinya akan selalu berinteraksi dengan sistem lalu lintas dan jalan raya dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya. Dengan keterbatasan-keterbatasan tersebut maka khususnya siswa-siswi Kelas II SD sangat membutuhkan metode pembelajaran ini untuk mengenalkan rambu-rambu lalu lintas, khususnya rambu peringatan, larangan, perintah dan petunjuk berbasis android sebagai pembelajaran interaktif, dengan harapan agar dapat memotivasi siswa-siswi dalam membantu belajar memahami dan mengerti konsep-konsep rambu rambu lalu lintas tanpa harus membawa buku dan pengajaran menjadi lebih menarik sehingga dapat memotivasi belajar siswa-siswi SD baik di sekolah maupun diluar sekolah. Selain itu, aplikasi ini juga dapat membantu sekolah menjadi SD yang berkualitas dengan menyiapkan generasi penerus bangsa yang berkualitas sadar akan hukum berlalu lintas
UNA PRUEBA DE SUBIDA DE ARTICULO
Authors: C. Roberto
Published: February 2020

PRUEBA DE SUBIDA DE ARTICULO
Llaqta/ciudad: espacio de tensión social en la poesía quechua de Kusi Paukar
Authors: Huamán Águila Óscar
Published: February 2020

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos aproximarnos a la poesía quechua escrita, de manera específica al poemario Sonqup Jarawiinin, Umapa Jamutaynin, Runapa Kutipakuynin (1961), de Kusi Paukar (César Guardia Mayorga). En este texto la ciudad aparece como espacio de tensión social. La urbe ya no es del ayllu. El hombre andino siente que la comunidad humaniza, así como la ciudad deshumaniza, altera el orden y lo desconcierta. A ello se suma la existencia de dos grupos sociales disímiles (occidental y andino)en la urbe. El occidental es el que tiene pueblo, es decir, es dueño de la ciudad. Esto ha producido un desequilibrio en llaqta en la ciudad. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos examinar estos aspectos y vincularlos a la percepción  del hablante lírico andino y la configuración de la ciudad en la poesía quechua de la década de 1960. Resolveremos el tema propuesto desde la hermenéutica andina y con las categorías andinas, awqa, pacha y runa.
José Morales Saravia Destierros y modernidades. Hölderlin y Landívar
Authors: Piaggi A. Paulo
Published: February 2020

En su artículo de 2007 titulado «¿Qué hacemos con los teóricos queno hacen teoría?»1, Dorian Espezúa Salmón, siguiendo una propuestade Pierre Bourdieu, divide a los teóricos y críticos literarios peruanos encuatro categorías: profetas, sacerdotes, laicos y magos. Los profetas sonaquellos que, aunque desconfían del discurso, son capaces de sostener suverdad. Son hombres del mundo que no temen pensar desde su realidadni pierden el tiempo persiguiendo modas epistemológicas extranjeras.Los sacerdotes, por su parte, solo pueden repetir lo que dicen los profetas.Son los difusores del dogma. En principio, nuestro medio académicoestaría lleno de este tipo de especialistas. Los laicos viven separados detoda organización o confesión religiosa. Defienden la independencia delhombre y pueden nutrirse de distintas posturas, nunca sometiéndose aun credo. Por último, los magos presentan una racionalidad alternativadesde un entorno alejado de la ciudad letrada. Son los profetas fuera delcírculo académico. En este medio, carente de profetas y donde la teoríaliteraria cada vez surge menos de la literatura, la publicación de Destierrosy modernidades (2015), nuevo libro de José Morales Saravia, resulta unaforma refrescante de práctica crítica. Este es un estudio sobre la obra dedos poetas, el alemán Friedrich Hölderlin (1770-1843) y el novohispanoRafael Landívar (1731-1793), que parte no de teorías culturales con dudososfundamentos, sino del conocimiento profundo de las obras estudiadasy de la familiaridad con la poesía desde una perspectiva humanística.En las siguientes líneas, quisiera ofrecer al lector algunos alcances sobre laestructura y el contenido de esta publicación.
Manuel González Prada: el ritmo de las palabras y el ritmo de las ideas
Authors: Morillo Sotomayor Alex
Published: February 2020

Este artículo estudia las correspondencias entre la producción poética y la producción ensayística de ManuelGonzález Prada, considerado uno de los escritores más influyentes en el proceso de modernización de la literatura peruana, a inicios del siglo XX. En un primer momento, se analizan algunas ideas fundamentales del autor en torno a la experiencia poética y el lugar que debe ocupar en el escenario moderno. Y en un segundo momento, se exploran las formas de incursión de tales reflexiones en las estrategias de significación que proponen algunos de sus poemas.
Lugar de los migrantes en territorio sacro
Authors: Loret de Mola Patricia Fortuny
Published: February 2020

A mediados del siglo pasado autores clásicos como Herberg (1960) y Handlin (1973) afirmaban que la religión era un elemento central en la vida de los inmigrantes. Analistas recientes (Williams, 1988; Warner, 1998; Tweed, 1997; Orsi, 2002) coinciden con los clásicos citados arriba; sin embargo, los últimos incluyen en su discusión nuevas variables sociológicas. Hirschman (2004) interroga el modelo clásico y reflexiona sobre los estudios posteriores que han relativizado estas afirmaciones. En este documento, por un lado, analizo la creencia desde la perspectiva que apuesta por la fuerza que puede tener este factor entremigrantes, y por el otro, utilizo un enfoque que toma en cuenta el origen y destino, tipo de iglesias, líderes espirituales y políticas eclesiásticas y de cómo estos inciden en la transformación de la religiosidad de los migrantes. Para ilustrar las diversas posiciones que ocupan los migrantes en el péndulo de lo sagrado utilizo casos empíricos en donde algunos quedan en el centro de la creencia, otros pueblan los espacios intermedios y muchos más inundan la periferia. Este tema ha sido poco atendido en los estudios sobre migración y religión.
Alejandro de la Jara Saco Lanfranco, El castillo de los Bankheil
Authors: Dávila Colmenares David
Published: February 2020

La narrativa peruana tiene el gran privilegio de poder incluir dentro de su corpus literario preternatural una novela de temática vampírica, considerada por el investigador y crítico peruano Elton Honores como «la primera novela gótica propiamente pura» (Los que moran en las sombras, 2010). Me refiero a El castillo de los Bankheil. Esta novela fue publicada en 1944 en Buenos Aires por el escritor peruano Alejandro de la Jara Saco Lanfranco (Lima, 1915-196?). Sin embargo, poco se supo de dicha publicación hecha en Argentina hasta que en 2010 apareció en una antología de narrativa vampírica peruana realizada por los reconocidos críticos Elton Honores y Gonzalo Portals, donde también encontramos otros textos vampíricos de escritores como Clemente Palma («Las vampiras»), Abraham Valdelomar («La virgen de cera»), Luis Felipe Angell, Sofocleto («Carta a Frankenstein»), Fernando Iwasaki («El balberito») entre otros. Dicha edición, la segunda, tuvo poco tiraje y, por ende, su accesibilidad es un tanto difícil. En 2015, la editorial Altazor nos sorprende con la publicación del que sería la tercera edición de esta fantástica novela. A continuación, daré algunos alcances sobre ella; luego brindaré un comentario y una valoración.
Mujeres ensayistas hispanoamericanas: una mirada entre identidad y género
Authors: Hortal Sandoval Inés
Published: February 2020

Los ámbitos más importantes de la mujer del siglo XIX fueron el hogar y la familia. Antes y durante ese siglo, muchas mujeres practicaron el ejercicio de la escritura en silencio. Para la mujer, el espacio de la escritura estaba prohibido, pues era de exclusividad del hombre. Si bien la lucha por la independencia de los países hispanoamericanos auguraban una visibilización de la mujer en distintos campos, y muchas de ellas fueron agentes importantes en la lucha por la liberación del continente, se produjo un efecto contrario: fueron relegadas al olvido. Ensayos de próceres como Bolívar y Martí defienden igualdad y justicia para todos los habitantes de Latinoamérica; sin embargo, este discurso no se validó para la mujeru otras minorías. Aun así, las mujeres escritoras incursionaron en el género ensayístico desde una perspectiva de género, y así validaron su propia identidad.
Intención historiográfica y sujetos de relato en Hombres de mar, de Óscar Colchado Lucio
Authors: Steel Estefanía Peña
Published: February 2020

Pensar en las literaturas heterogéneas —particularmente en la narrativa andina— y en sus posibilidades critico-teóricas implica, necesariamente, pactar con la historia y con sus voces silenciadas. En la novela Hombres de mar(2011), de Óscar Colchado Lucio, este imperativo se concreta mediante la intención historiográfica y la presencia de sujetos de relato. Estos mecanismos textuales de resistencia operan como fuentes de interpretación y discursividad histórica otorgando validez y reconocimiento a posiciones discursivas, lenguas, prácticas culturales y políticas, marginalizadas, pero en permanente resistencia frente al olvido y la discriminación.
Effect of Viscosity Ratio on Relative Permeability (includes associated paper 1496-G)
Authors: Odeh A.S.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 346–353.Additional discussion published in Journal of Petroleum Technology, Volume 12, Number 11, November, 1960, pages 65–66.

The mechanism of two-phase flow in porous media has been a subject of wide controversy. One of the properties essential for understanding the dynamic behavior of two phase flow is relative permeability. Relative permeability to a certain phase is defined as the ratio of the effective permeability of that phase to its permeability when it is the only fluid present and flowing.

In this research, a theoretical analysis was made to determine the effect of viscosity ratio between the non-wetting and the wetting phase on relative permeability. Experimental work was conducted to test the validity of the derived equations.

The experiment was conducted on four natural cores. Four oils were used as the non-wetting phases with a viscosity range of 0.42 to 71.30 cp and two wetting phases with a viscosity range of 0.86 to 0.96 cp. Oil and brine were made to flow simultaneously at various ratios, and relative permeability curves were constructed. A total of eight relative permeability cycles representing eight viscosity ratios were run on each sample.

It was found that relative permeability to the nonwetting phase varies with viscosity ratio. The relative effect of this variation on relative permeability values was a function of the sample's single-phase permeability, decreasing with its increase. It was concluded that, for samples of single-phase permeability over 1 darcy, the effect of viscosity ratio could be disregarded, and relative permeability would be, in effect, a function of saturation only.

Introduction

Two-phase as well as multiphase flow occurs in many fields of science. This type of flow is of particular interest in petroleum production. The knowledge of relative permeability, which describes the dynamic behavior of two-phase as well as multiphase flow, is essential for solution of problems arising in that field.

The relative permeability of a porous medium to a given phase in multiphase flow, is generally considered to be only a function of the saturation of that phase, independent of the properties of fluids involved and ranging in value from zero to unity.

Work by Leverett and Leverett and Lewis apparently supports this concept. In his experiments Leverett used a clean, packed unconsolidated sand of high permeability (3.2 to 6.2 darcies) with two phases (water and oil) flowing and a viscosity ratio range of 0.057 to 90.0. His results showed that the wide range of viscosity had practically no effect on relative permeability-saturation relationship.
The Meaning of the Triple Value in Noncapillary Buckley-Leverett Theory
Authors: Cardwell W.T.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 271–276.

Physically absurd, triple-valued saturations appear in the straight-forward solution of the Buckley-Leverett equations for the displacement of oil by water or gas. From an engineering viewpoint, the triple value causes no difficulty. It is well known how it may be compensated in order to obtain physically meaningful, numerical results. From a scientific viewpoint, the question still arises: What did the triple value mean? This paper explains how and why the triple value arose in noncapillary Buckley-Leverett theory. The discussion should serve as a background for the understanding and use of the modern method of characteristics in displacement theory.

Introduction

Displacement theory was introduced to petroleum technologists in 1941 by Buckley and Leverett.

Buckley and Leverett called Eq. 1 "a material balance equation". Actually it is derived from both a continuity equation, or material balance equation, and Darcy's law.

Eq. 2 may be readily interpreted as saying that a point of constant saturation (on a saturation-vs-distance curve) moves with a constant velocity that is proportional to the total volumetric rate, inversely proportional to the porosity, and is otherwise a function of the saturation itself.

In Fig. 1, the abscissas represent distances along a column of porous medium, which column is assumed to be uniform in cross-section perpendicular to the abscissal direction. The ordinates represent fractions of pore space occupied by the displacing phase, which may be either water or gas. It is assumed that the saturation is uniform over all planes perpendicular to the abscissal direction. The saturation is a function only of time and one space variable.
Genome-wide analysis of RopGEF gene family to identify genes contributing to pollen tube growth in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Kim Eui-Jung , Park Sung-Wook , Hong Woo-Jong , Silva Jeniffer , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing , Jung Ki-Hong , Kim Yu-jin
Published: February 2020

Background : In plants, the key roles played by RopGEF-mediated ROP signaling in diverse processes, including polar tip growth, have been identified. Despite their important roles in reproduction, a comprehensive analysis of RopGEF members has not yet been performed in rice ( Oryza sativa ). To determine whether RopGEF regulators are involved in rice pollen tube growth, we performed genome-wide analysis of this family in rice.

Results : Phylogenomic and meta-expression analysis of eleven RopGEFs in rice showed that four genes were preferentially expressed in mature pollen. These four genes contain the plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger (PRONE) domain and possible phosphorylated residues, suggesting a conserved role in polar tip growth with Arabidopsis thaliana . In subcellular localization analysis of the four RopGEFs through tobacco ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) infiltration, four proteins were predominantly identified in plasma membrane. Moreover, double mutants of RopGEF2/8 exhibited reduced pollen germination, causing partial male sterility. These genes possess unique cis-acting elements in their promoters compared with the other RopGEF genes.

Conclusions : In this study, four RopGEF genes were identified as pollen-specific gene in eleven members of rice, and the expression pattern, promoter analysis, and evolutionary relationship of the RopGEF family were studied compared with Arabidopsis. Our study indicated that four RopGEF genes might function during pollen germination in distinct subcellular localization. Our study could provide valuable information on the functional study of RopGEF in rice.
Implementation of the FilmArray ME panel in laboratory routine using a simple sample selection strategy for diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis
Authors: Pfefferle Susanne , Christner Martin , Aepfelbacher Martin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Rohde Holger
Published: February 2020

Background: Infectious meningitis is a serious disease and patient outcome relies on fast and reliable diagnostics. A syndromic panel testing approach like the FilmArray ME can accelerate diagnosis and therefore decrease the time to pathogen specific therapy. Yet, its clinical utility is controversial, mainly because of a remaining uncertainty in correct interpretation of results, limited data on its performance on clinical specimens and its relatively high costs. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical performance of the assay in a real life setting at a tertiary university hospital using a pragmatic and simple sample selection strategy to reduce the overall cost burden. Methods : Over a period of 18 months we received 4,623 CSF samples (2,338 hospitalizations, 1,601 individuals). FilmArray ME analysis was restricted to CSF-samples with a high pretest probability of infectious meningitis, e.g. conspicuous positive Gram-stain, samples in which leukocytes and/or bacteria were evident or urgent suspicion of infection was communicated by clinicians. N=171 samples matched to our risk criteria and were subjected to FilmArray ME analysis. Those samples were also analyzed by reference methods: culture only (n=45), PCR only (n=20) or both methods (n=106). Results : 56/171 (32.75 %) were FilmArray ME positive. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 30/56 (53.57 %), viral pathogens were detected in 27/56 (48.21 %) and yeast DNA was detected in 1/56 (1.79 %) of positive samples. Double detection occurred in 2/56 samples. In 52/56 (92.86 %) FilmArray ME positive samples, results could be confirmed by the reference assays (sensitivity=96.30%, specificity =96.58%). Conclusion: The FilmArray ME assay is a fast and reliable diagnostic tool for the management of infectious meningitis and can easily be implemented in routine diagnostic workflows. However, correlation of test results and underlying clinical symptoms requires experienced users and the awareness of potentially false negative or false positive results. Moreover, considering the need for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the use of molecular tests as a stand-alone diagnostic cannot be recommended.
Factors Associated With Loss-To-Follow-Up Of Hiv-Positive Mothers And Their Infants Enrolled In Hiv Care Clinic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mpinganjira Samuel Lawrent , Tchereni Timothy , Gunda Andrews , Mwapasa Victor
Published: February 2020

Background
In Malawi, loss to follow-up (LTFU) of HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women on Option B+ regimen greatly contributes to sub-optimal retention, estimated to be 74% at 12 months postpartum. This threatens Malawi’s efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV. We investigated factors associated with LTFU among Mother-Infant Pairs.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study, nested within the “Promoting Retention Among Infants and Mothers Effectively (PRIME)” study, a 3-arm cluster randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of strategies for improving retention of mother-infant pairs in HIV care in Salima and Mangochi districts, Malawi. From July to December 2016, we traced and interviewed 19 LTFU women. In addition, we interviewed 30 healthcare workers from health facilities where the LTFU women were receiving care. Recorded interviews were transcribed, translated and then analysed using deductive content analysis.
Results
The following reasons were reported as contributing to LTFU: lack of support from husbands or family members; long distance to health facilities; poverty; community-level stigma; ART side effects; perceived good health after taking ART and adoption of other alternative HIV treatment options.
Conclusion
Our study has found multiple factors at personal, family, community and health system levels, which contribute to poor retention of mother-infant pairs in HIV care.
Key words
PRIME, PMTCT, loss to follow up, mother-infant pairs, retention, Option B+
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Diabetic versus Non-diabetic Patients with Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Dong Ran , Chen Pengfei , Zhao Yichen , Zeng Caiwu , Xin Meng , Ye Qing , Wang Jiangang
Published: February 2020

Background: The target of this study was to explore the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.
Methods: Seven hundred and twenty four patients who had previously received CABG and had been treated using PCI combined with drug-eluting stents (DES) between 2009 and 2017 were selected for a retrospective study and allocated into either a diabetes mellitus (DM) or non-diabetes mellitus (No DM) group. A 1:1 propensity score-matched evaluation was conducted and risk adjusted for analysis. The primary outcomes were cardiac death, myocardial infarction, heart failure and revascularization, with a median follow-up duration of 5.13 years.
Results: After matching, two-, 5- and 8-year event rate of overall major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were found to be higher in the DM group (No DM vs DM:15.3%, 30.9%, 38.5% vs 19.8%, 37.8%, 52.2%, respectively), although no significant difference was found in the event rate of overall MACEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.83 for DM vs No DM; P=0.052), cardiac death (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.95; P=0.871), MI (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.32; P=0.080), HF (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.90 to 2.63 for; P=0.120) or revascularization (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.59; P=0.747). Subgroup analysis of PCI in only the NCA showed MACEs (adjusted HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.49 for DM vs No DM; P=0.325), cardiac death (adjusted HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.78 for DM vs No DM; P=0.781), MI (adjusted HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.84 to 2.01 for DM vs No DM; P=0.069), HF (adjusted HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.87 to 2.27 for DM vs No DM; P=0.211) or repeated revascularization (adjusted HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.37 for DM vs No DM; P=0.836).
Conclusions : Compared with non-diabetic patients with prior CABG, subsequent implantation of DES in the native coronary artery of diabetic patients resulted in apparently similar outcomes.
Trial registration : This study was not registered in an open access database.
Key Words: Percutaneous coronary intervention; Diabetic; Non-diabetic; Coronary artery bypass grafting.
Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Increases Blood Loss during Total Hip Arthroplasty for a Stiff Hip Joint
Authors: Hu Yong , Jiang Wei-Zhou , Pan Cheng-Long , Wang Tao
Published: February 2020

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been highlighted as the best treatment option for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with advanced hip involvement. The huge blood loss associated with THA is a common concern of postoperative complications. Disease activity is a specific reflection of systematic inflammation of AS. The purpose of this study was to determine the eﬀect of disease activity on blood loss during THA in patients with AS. Methods: Forty-nine patients with AS who underwent unilateral THAs were retrospectively studied. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was employed to evaluate the disease activity. Orthopedic Surgery Transfusion Hemoglobin European Overview (OSTHEO) formula was used to assess the surgical blood loss. The patients were divided into active group (ASDAS≥1.3; n=32) and stable groups (ASDAS<1.3; n=17) based on the ASDAS. Peri-operative laboratory values, plain radiographs, intra-operative data, transfusion volume, and use of hemostatic agents were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The ASDAS, pre-operative C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen concentration in the active group were higher than the stable group (all P<0.05); however, the pre-operative hemoglobin concentration and albumin level were higher in the stable group (both P<0.05). The total blood loss during THA in stable patients was 1415.31 mL and 2035.04 mL in active patients (P=0.006). The difference between the two groups was shown to be consistent after excluding the gender difference (P=0.030). A high transfusion rate existed in both groups (stable group, 76.47% with an average of 1.53 units; active group, 84.37% with an average of 2.31 units), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (both P >0.05). Compensated blood loss, corresponding to transfusion, was noted significantly more in the active group compared to the stable group (P=0.027). There was no significant difference with regard to functional recovery (P>0.05). Conclusion: Active AS patients are at high risk for increased blood loss during THA compared to stable patients. The underlying mechanism includes disorders of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, poor nutrition status, osteoporosis, imbalance of oxidative–antioxidative status and local inflammatory reaction. It is strongly recommended to perform THA in AS patients with stable disease.
Tumour suppressor OTUD3 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis by directly deubiquitinating and stabilizing p53 in invasive breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Pu Qian , Lv Yan-Rong , Dong Ke , Geng Wen-Wen , Gao Hai-Dong
Published: February 2020

Background P53 pathway inactivation plays an important role in the process of breast cancer tumourigenesis. Post-translational protein modification abnormalities have been confirmed to be an important mechanism underlying the inactivation of p53. Numerous deubiquitinating enzymes are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, and a few deubiquitination enzymes are capable of deubiquitinating and stabilizing p53. Here, we report that OTUD3 is a deubiquitylase of p53 in breast carcinoma. Methods The correlation between the mRNA expression of OTUD3, TP53 and PTEN and the prognosis of BC was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool. OTUD3 protein expression in breast carcinoma was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The relationship among OTUD3, p53, and p21 proteins was analysed. Half-life analysis and ubiquitylation assay were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which OTUD3 stabilizes p53. The interaction between OTUD3 and p53 in BC cells was verified by a co-immunoprecipitation assay and GST pulldown experiments. MTS proliferation detection, an apoptosis detection kit and colony formation asssy were used to investigate the functional effects of OTUD3 on breast cancer cells. Results OTUD3 downregulation is correlated with a poor prognosis in BC patients. OTUD3 expression is decreased in breast cancer tissues and independent of the histological grade.OTUD3 also inhibits cell proliferation and clone formation and increases the sensitivity of BC cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. A reduction in OTUD3 expression concomitant with decreased p53 abundance is correlated with human breast cancer progression. The ectopic expression of wild-type OTUD3, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, stabilizes and activates p53. Mechanistically, OTUD3 interacts directly with p53 through the amino-terminal OTU region. Finally, OTUD3 protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the deubiquitination of p53 in BC cells. Conclusions In summary, we establish that OTUD3 is a potential therapeutic target for restoring p53 function in breast cancer cells and suggest that the OTUD3-p53 signalling axis plays a critical role in tumour suppression.
A comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rates of bloods anticoagulated with trisodium citrate and EDTA among TB presumptive patients at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Getaneh Zegeye , Ayelgn Fekadu , Asemahegn Geletaw , Geleta Habtamu , Yalew Aregawi , Melak Tadele
Published: February 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was comparing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) results of trisodium citrate (TSC) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar specialized referral hospital, northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB presumptive participants were recruited. From each of the 70 participants of the study, 3 and 1.6 ml of blood was collected in EDTA tubes and 0.4 ml of trisodium Citrate anticoagulant containing test tubes, respectively.
Results: The mean ± SD values of ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 mm/hr in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 mm/hr in TSC anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and TSC blood (6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr) was statistically significant. The Mean ± SD of ESR values using EDTA and TSC in males were 59.57 ± 42.31 and 53.57 ± 44.61 mm/hr while for females it was 54.71±40.44 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr, respectively. The study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.

Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, EDTA, Tri-sodium citrate, Westergren Method, Comparison
A recurrent ABCC2 p.G693R mutation resulting in loss of function of MRP2 and hyperbilirubinemia in Dubin-Johnson syndrome in China
Authors: Wu Lina , Li Yanmeng , Song Yi , Zhou Donghu , Jia Siyu , Xu Anjian , Zhang Wei , You Hong , Jia Jidong , Huang Jian , Ou Xiaojuan
Published: February 2020

Background: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia that is caused by pathogenic mutations in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 ( ABCC2 ) gene, which encodes multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). However, little is known about the causative mutation of DJS in China. Recently, we have reported ABCC2 p.G693R mutation in two unrelated cases. In the present study, we investigated the pathogenicity of the ABCC2 p.G693R mutation in DJS in China. Methods: Clinical and genetic analysis was conducted for the two patients with the ABCC2 p.G693R mutation. Whole exome sequencing for mutations in other known hyperbilirubinemia-related genes was conducted for the cases with ABCC2 p.G693R. Expression and cellular localization of the mutant MRP2 p.G693R were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Organic anion transport activity was evaluated by the analysis of glutathione-conjugated-monochlorobimane. Results: The two DJS patients with ABCC2 p.G693R mutation, which was conserved among different species, showed typical hyperbilirubinemia phenotype. No pathogenic mutation was identified in the other known hyperbilirubinemia related genes. Functional studies in three cell lines showed that the expression, localization and the organic anion transport activity were significantly compromised by MRP2 p.G693R mutation compared with wild-type MRP2. Conclusions: The recurrent ABCC2 p.G693R mutation is associated with loss of function of the MRP2 protein and may result in hyperbilirubinemia in DJS in China.
Identification of Four Novel Mutations in Chilean Patients with Various Forms of Maple Syrup Urine Disease 
Authors: Campanholi Diana Ruffato Resende , Margutti Ana Vitoria Barban , Silva Wilson Araújo , Garcia Daniel Fantozzi , Molfetta Greice Andreotti de , Marques Adriana Aparecida , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Döederlein , Cornejo Veronica , Hamilton Valerie , Castro Gabriela , Borges Ester Simon , Junior José Simon Camelo
Published: February 2020

Background: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder caused by the deficient activity of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzymatic complex. BCKD is a mitochondrial complex encoded by four genes: BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD. MSUD is predominantly caused by mutations in the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes which encode the E1α, E1β, and E2 subunits of the BCKD complex, respectively. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic basis of MSUD in a cohort of Chilean MSUD patients by identifying point mutations in the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes and to describe their impact on the phenotypic heterogeneity of these patients. This manuscript describes a cross-sectional study of 18 MSUD patients carried out using PCR and DNA sequencing.Results: Four novel pathogenic mutations were identified: one in BCKDHA (p.Thr338Ile), two in BCKDHB (p.Gly336Ser e p.Pro240Thr), and one in DBT (p.Gly406Asp). Four additional pathogenic mutations found in this study have been described previously.Conclusion: There were no correlations between the genotype and phenotype of the patients. Thus, if MSUD is diagnosed earlier, with a neonatal screening approach, it might be possible to establish genotype-phenotype relationships more efficiently.
Intentional Carbofuran Poisoning in 7 dogs
Authors: Pivariu Dalma , Oros Adrian Nechita , Tabaran Flaviu , Gal Adrian , Martonos Cristian , Nagy Andras Laszlo
Published: February 2020

Background: Carbofuran was a widely used board-spectrum pesticide, which despite his strict regulation and bans for more than one decade is still encountered in cases of intentional poisoning in dogs and wildlife. The objective of the study was to provide a complete and detailed description of the pathological, histological and toxicological findings of the 7 cases of intentional carbofuran poisoning in dogs. Results: In this retrospective study 7 cases of carbofuran intoxication recorded from July 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed. Following complete history recording, all cases were examined by complete necropsy and histopathology. The carbofuran intoxication was confirmed in all cases by gas-chromatography. The postmortem examination revealed extensive haemorrhages and congestion located mainly within the respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular systems, accompanied by degeneration and necrosis within the lung, heart, and kidneys. Conclusions: Although banned in the European Union, carbamate poisoning is still frequently encountered, especially in wild animals. This paper will contribute to a better understanding of occurrence and pathogenesis of acute carbofuran exposure in dogs, and add some peculiar pathological features of this poisoning to current literature.
Fusion transcript detection using spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Friedrich Stefanie , Sonnhammer Erik LL
Published: February 2020

Background
Fusion transcripts are involved in tumourigenesis and play a crucial role in tumour heterogeneity, tumour evolution and cancer treatment resistance. However, fusion transcripts have not been studied at high spatial resolution in tissue sections due to the lack of full-length transcripts with spatial information. New high-throughput technologies like spatial transcriptomics measure the transcriptome of tissue sections on almost single-cell level. While this technique does not allow for direct detection of fusion transcripts, we show that they can be inferred using the relative poly(A) tail abundance of the involved parental genes.

Method
We present a new method STfusion, which uses spatial transcriptomics to infer the presence and absence of poly(A) tails. A fusion transcript lacks a poly(A) tail for the 5´ gene and has an elevated number of poly(A) tails for the 3´ gene. Its expression level is defined by the upstream promoter of the 5´ gene. STfusion measures the difference between the observed and expected number of poly(A) tails with a novel C-score.

Results
We verified the STfusion ability to predict fusion transcripts on HeLa cells with known fusions. STfusion and C-score applied to clinical prostate cancer data revealed the spatial distribution of the cis-SAGe SLC45A3-ELK4 in 12 tissue sections with almost single-cell resolution. The cis-SAGe occurred in disease areas, e.g. inflamed, prostatic intraepithelial neoplastic, or cancerous areas, and occasionally in normal glands.

Conclusions
STfusion detects fusion transcripts in cancer cell line and clinical tissue data, and distinguishes chimeric transcripts from chimeras caused by trans-splicing events. With STfusion and the use of C-scores, fusion transcripts can be spatially localised in clinical tissue sections on almost single cell level.

Keywords
Fusion transcript detection, Spatial Transcriptomics, gene fusion, cis-SAGE, oncogene
Development of Leishmania (Mundinia) in guinea pigs
Authors: Bečvář Tomáš , Siriyasatien Padet , Bates Paul , Volf Petr , Sádlová Jovana
Published: February 2020

Background: Leishmaniasis is a human and animal disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which is now divided into 4 subgenera – L. (Leishmania), L. (Viannia), L. (Sauroleishmania) and L. (Mundinia). Subgenus Mundinia, established in 2016, is geographically widely dispersed, its distribution covers all continents, except Antarctica. It consists of 5 species - L. enriettii and L. macropodum are parasites of wild mammals while L. martiniquensis, L. orientalis and unnamed L. sp. from Ghana are infectious to humans. There is very little information on natural reservoir hosts and vectors for any Mundinia species. Methods: Experimental infections of guinea-pigs with all five Mundinia species were performed. Animals were injected intradermally with 107 culture-derived promastigotes into both ear pinnae. The courses of infections were monitored weekly; xenodiagnoses were performed at weeks 4 and 8 post infection using Lutzomyia migonei. The distribution of parasites in different tissues was determined post mortem by conventional PCR.Results: No significant differences in weight were observed between infected animals and the control group. Animals infected with L. enriettii developed temporary lesions at the site of inoculation and were infectious to Lu. migonei in xenodiagnoses. Animals infected with L. martiniquensis and L. orientalis developed temporary erythema and dry lesions at the site of inoculation, respectively, but were not infectious to sand flies. Guinea pigs infected by L. macropodum and L. sp. from Ghana showed no signs of infection during experiments, were not infectious to sand flies and leishmanial DNA was not detected in their tissue samples at the end of experiments at week 12 post-inoculation.Conclusions: According to our results, guinea pigs are not an appropriate model organism for studying Mundinia species other than L. enriettii. We suggest that for better understanding of L. (Mundinia) biology it is necessary to focus on other model organisms.
Pleiotropic effect of the ABCG2 gene in gout: involvement in serum urate levels and progression from hyperuricemia to gout
Authors: Wrigley Rebekah , Phipps-Green Amanda J , Topless Ruth K , Major Tanya J , Cadzow Murray , Riches Philip , Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Janssen Matthijs , Joosten Leo AB , Jansen Tim L , So Alexander , Hindmarsh Jennie Harré , Stamp Lisa K , Dalbeth Nicola , Merriman Tony
Published: February 2020

Background

The ABCG2 Q141K ( rs2231142 ) and rs10011796 variants associate with hyperuricaemia (HU). The effect size of ABCG2 rs2231142 on urate is ~60% that of SLC2A9, yet the effect size on gout is greater. We tested the hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a role in the progression from HU to gout by testing for association of ABCG2 rs2231142 and rs10011796 with gout using HU controls.

Methods

We analysed 1,699 European gout cases and 14,350 normourciemic (NU) and HU controls, and 912 New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (divided into Eastern and Western Polynesian) gout cases and 696 controls. Association testing was performed using logistic and linear regression with multivariate adjusting for confounding variables.

Results

In Europeans and Polynesians, the ABCG2 141K (T) allele was associated with gout using HU controls (OR=1.85, P =3.8E -21 and OR meta =1.85, P =1.3E -03 , respectively). There was evidence for an effect of 141K in determining HU in European (OR=1.56, P =1.7E -18 ) but not in Polynesian (OR meta =1.49, P =0.057). For SLC2A9 rs11942223, the T allele associated with gout in the presence of HU in European (OR=1.37, P =4.7E -06 ), however significantly weaker than ABCG2 rs2231142 141K ( P Het =0.0023). In Western Polynesian and European, there was epistatic interaction between ABCG2 rs2231142 and rs10011796 . Combining the presence of the 141K allele with the rs10011796 CC-genotype increased gout risk, in the presence of HU, 21.5-fold in Western Polynesian ( P =0.009) and 2.6-fold in European ( P =9.9E -06 ). The 141K allele of ABCG2 associated with increased gout flare frequency in Polynesian ( P meta = 2.5E -03 ).

Conclusion

These data are consistent with a role for ABCG2 141K in gout in the presence of established HU.
Effects of Combined Warmed Preoperative Forced-air and Warmed Perioperative Intravenous Fluids on Maternal Temperature During Cesarean Section: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ni tingting , Zhou Zhen-feng , He Bo , Zhou Qing-he
Published: February 2020

Background: Preventing the frequent perioperative hypothermia incidents that occur during elective caesarean deliveries would be beneficial. This trial aimed at evaluating the effect of preoperative forced-air warming alongside perioperative intravenous fluid warming in women undergoing cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Methods: We randomly allocated135 women undergoing elective cesarean deliveries to either the intervention group (preoperative forced-air and intravenous fluid warmings, n = 69) or the control group (no active warming, n = 66). The primary outcome measure was the change from the core baseline temperature to that at the end of the procedure. Secondary outcomes included thermal comfort scores, the incidences of shivering and hypothermia (<36℃), the core temperature on arrival at the post-anesthesia care unit, neonatal axillary temperature at birth, and Apgar scores. Results: Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significantly different core temperature changes (from the pre-spinal temperature to that at the end of the procedure) between groups ( F = 13.022, P <0.001). The thermal comfort scores were also higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( F = 9.847, P = 0.002). The overall incidence of perioperative hypothermia was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (20.6% vs. 51.6%, P <0.0001). Conclusions: Warming preoperative forced-air and perioperative intravenous fluids may prevent maternal hypothermia, reduce maternal shivering, and improve maternal thermal comfort for patients undergoing cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Trial registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800019117) on October26, 2018. Keywords: Cesarean section, Spinal anesthesia, Warming