bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОЦЕСС НЕОЛИТИЗАЦИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЛОСЫ
Authors: Назарова Анастасия Юрьевна
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена анализу наиболее изученных культур неолита лесной полосы от Скандинавии и Восточной Прибалтики до Волго-Камья и Приуралья (VII–IV тыс. до н.э.). Для анализа были отобраны следующие признаки неолитического пакета: керамика, шлифованные деревообрабатывающие орудия, долговременные жилища, крупные могильники, святилища и предметы импорта. В ходе исследования были собраны материалы по 16 археологическим культурам региона. В результате были выделены наиболее развитые неолитические культуры лесной полосы, с учетом данных, которые существуют на сегодняшний день. Помимо этого, были выявлены наиболее часто встречающиеся признаки: керамика и шлифованные деревообрабатывающие орудия. Редким признаком является наличие святилищ. Были сделаны выводы об уровне развития исследуемых культур.
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A influência da espiritualidade/religiosidade no enfrentamento do câncer de mama: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Araújo Matheus Nepomuceno de , Araujo Gislaine De Souza Ferreira , Costa Marcio Martins da , Espírito Santo Caren Camargo do , Pontes Ana Paula Munhen
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as evidências presentes na literatura nacional acerca da influência da espiritualidade/religiosidade no enfretamento do câncer de mama. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que consiste na análise e síntese de estudos publicados que contribuem para melhor compreensão e aprofundamento do tema investigado. Foram selecionados 12 (doze) artigos que se adequaram aos objetivos do trabalho. Os artigos selecionados no estudo de acordo com ano, título, autores, periódico, região de realização e categoria profissional do autor principal foram colocados em um quadro para melhor síntese dos estudos. Para melhor expor a análise, interpretação e discussão dos artigos, optou-se pela divisão em categorias, sendo elas: A espiritualidade no enfrentamento do câncer de mama: aceitação, resiliência e conforto; A espiritualidade/religiosidade como rede de apoio social no enfrentamento do câncer de mama; A dimensão espiritual como instrumento de prática profissional no cuidado holístico a mulheres com câncer de mama. A espiritualidade/religiosidade representada por Deus e pela fé se apresenta como uma estratégia extremamente importante no enfrentamento do câncer de mama, promovendo mais conforto e alívio dos impactos causados pela doença, além de bem-estar e resiliência. Conhecer e valorizar a vivência espiritual dessas pacientes torna-se então muito importante, inclusive pelos profissionais que prestam cuidados diretamente a elas, uma vez que, contribuem para o bem-estar e sensação de apoio e assistência.
Hematoma epidural espinhal pós-traumático agudo: um relato de caso
Authors: Correia Hugo Nonato Lustosa , Rosa Wendel Vilar Duque da , Pereira Klícia Magalhães , Antônio Jéssica Lima Carvalhido , Okabayashi Wilson
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Traumas na coluna vertebral podem trazer graves complicações. Relata-se caso de trauma em coluna cervicotorácica, com complicações comuns, tais como fratura de vértebras e hemopneumotórax bilateral. Entretanto, uma outra complicação rara destacou-se, o Hematoma Epidural Espinhal (HEE). Um acúmulo de sangue no espaço epidural que comprimiu mecanicamente a medula espinhal. Esta compressão comumente causa déficits neurológicos temporários ou permanentes. O tratamento mais efetivo é a descompressão cirúrgica, com evacuação do coágulo. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de HEE pós-traumático, com seu desfecho, através da análise de prontuário e estudos em literatura. Relato de caso: Relata-se caso de paciente de 59 anos, sexo masculino, com hematoma epidural espinhal pós-traumático da coluna torácica, com déficit neurológico tardio, paraplegia e anestesia ao nível de dermátomo T6. Realizada laminectomia descompressiva de T3-T4, seguida de flavectomia que evidenciou volumoso hematoma epidural espinhal, ocupando 2/3 do canal medular. Após cirurgia houve melhora completa da anestesia, permanência da paraplegia, bem como perda de controle dos esfíncteres. Conclusão: O HEE é um evento raro, onde o diagnóstico precoce do hematoma e correção com a técnica de laminectomia descompressiva garantem ao paciente melhor prognóstico neurológico.
Assessing the health literacy level of students in higher education: evolution throughout the training
Authors:   Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal, Luis Luis ,   ciTechCare – Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal, Assunção Victor ,   ciTechCare – Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Melo Helena ,   ERISA, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, IPLuso – Instituto Politécnico da Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal, Luis Henrique ,   ciTechCare – Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This work has two objectives: contribute to evaluate the level of health literacy of students in higher education, in the area of health and to contribute to the formulation of strategies to adapt the content of training to the needs of students. Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, a health literacy assessment questionnaire (NVS) was applied to students from 3 Health Schools and 2 different courses (Nursing and Dental Hygiene), at the beginning of the first school year, and at the end of the third year. Results: Less than 5% of the students participating in this study had inadequate health literacy at the entrance to the course. Women had a better level of health literacy than men, although no statistical significance was found (p=0.153). The health literacy gains are different among the courses. Nursing students began with a higher level of health literacy but were overtaken by oral hygiene students at the end of the 3rd year. However, the level of health literacy did not differ statistically throughout the training, although an increase in the level of health literacy was observed. Conclusions: The relationship between health literacy and health is recognized. Higher education institutions need to formulate strategies to adapt the content of training to the needs of students and to the level of health literacy in order to train students for lifelong learning.
Jaspers’ Krankheit und die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung
Authors: Abou Shoak Mohannad
Published: December 2021

Karl Jaspers litt an einer Erkrankung der oberen und unteren Atemwege. Aus heutiger Sicht handelte es sich vermutlich um eine Primäre Ziliäre Dyskinesie oder um eine atypische Form der Cystischen Fibrose. Obwohl es seinerzeit kaum Therapieoptionen gab, gelang ihm durch Disziplin und Umsicht ein erstaunlich produktives Leben. Als Arzt, Patient und Philosoph warf er ein neues Licht auf die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung. Besonders wichtig war ihm die Einsicht, dass in jedem Kranken auch gesunde Anteile vorhanden sind. Er entwickelte für die Psychiatrie eine philosophisch fundierte Methodik des Verstehens und machte im Rahmen seiner Analyse der menschlichen Existenz auf die Grenzen der Medizin aufmerksam.
The role of vitamin D, omega 3, and weight loss in the management of psoriasis: a review
Authors: Altamimi Abdullah , AlSaleh Aseel
Published: December 2021

Psoriasis is a multi-system, chronic, non-infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the skin and has a multifactorial etiology. Nutrition has always been a very important line in the management of multiple diseases, whether dermatological or otherwise. Although it is more important in some diseases than others, nutrition could probably always play a role in augmenting and improving recovery. The
advantages of optimizing nutrition and using it as a tool in the management of diseases are many, including cost, knowledge of long-term complications if present and less-to-no side effects compared to newly produced medications. Those nutrients are also likely to benefit one\'s overall health and not just the pressing condition. Thus, this review aimed at providing an overview of nutrients, such as vitamin D and omega-3 (n-3), and obesity in relation to psoriasis. Using standard search engines, the present study reviewed how vitamin D, n-3, and weight loss can help patients dealing with psoriasis. Evidently, vitamin D and n-3 were found beneficial for alleviating psoriatic symptoms, especially vitamin D, because of its steroid sparing effects. Weight loss in obese individuals with psoriasis was found not only in improving psoriatic lesions as reflected in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index but also it protected them against metabolic syndrome. It is important also to note that for patients with psoriasis to use these substances as they could prevent them from developing complications when using conventional medications such as steroids and help them in other areas such as psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
Study of endovascular treatment in obstructive aortoiliac lesions: Immediate and short-term results
Authors: Joshi Dinesh , Madan Tarun , Charaniya Riyaz , Raval Pratik , Patel Krutika , Borhade Ajinkya , Parikh Rujuta , Dhakne Anand
Published: December 2021

Objective: Aorto-iliac occlusive disease (AIOD) is a common atherosclerotic disease causing significant morbidity. Transatlantic intersociety consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II) recommends endovascular therapy (ET) for better management of patients with lesions type A and B. With the advent of endovascular therapy, type C and D lesions management is becoming more feasible with endovascular therapy than open surgery for aorto-iliac occlusive disease. We aimed to evaluate patients with AIOD and to describe short-term outcome of endovascular treatment for such lesions.

Methods: Patients with aorto-iliac occlusive diseases who underwent endovascular therapy were enrolled in the study. Their demographic data and risk factors were recorded. Patients were followed at 3 and 6 months and their primary patency rate and symptom status were recorded.

Results: We enrolled 100 patients with a mean age of 59.77 (8.75) years with the majority of patients being male. The most common presentation was claudication (59%) followed by rest pain (31%) and gangrene (20%). The majority of patients had Transatlantic inter-society consensus (TASC) II type A (44%) and type B (31%) lesions; 15% of patients had types C lesions and the remaining 10% patients had type D lesions. Access site hematoma and contrast-induced nephropathy were present in 7% and 5% of patients respectively. Stent patency rate was 97% and 95% at 3 and 6 months follow up respectively.

Conclusion:  Endovascular therapy in aorto-iliac occlusive disease is a safe, effective, and low-cost treatment option with a high patency rate and symptomatic improvement in the short-term.
IMPLICIT INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT FACTORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE NORTH WITH DYSPLASTIC PHENOTYPE
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Shevnin Igor Andreevich , Ragozina Olga Vasilyevna , Ilyushenko Natalia Alexandrovna , Ragozin Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: December 2021

Due to the spread of undiff erentiated forms of connective tissue dysplasia, it seems relevant to assess the impact of organogenesis disorders on the physical development of schoolchildren living in the northern region. What dictates the need to study the interrelationships and interdependencies of the components of physical development and somatometric indicators in children of the north with phenotypic markers of UCTD. The eff ect of posture disorders on the studied components of physical development is manifested by higher growth in children with a fl at and round-concave back, a decrease in the thickness of skin-fat folds and the size of the head with a round and round-concave back. Therefore, to analyze the intersex and age diff erences in physical development in children with NDT, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of interdependent anthropometric indicators and indices, taking into account the types of posture disorders.
Quality Control and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Stem Bark of Chlorophora regia A. Chev. (Moraceae)
Authors: Amoo Isaiah , Oppong-Kyekyeku James , Boakye-Gyasi Eric , Asare-Nkansah Samuel , Adu Joseph Kwasi
Published: December 2021

This study sought to develop a validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quality control of the stem bark ingredients and its finished products and investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of the phytochemical constituents of C. regia stem bark. Fractionation and isolation of biomarkers were carried out by column chromatography on silica gel and monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The isolated biomarkers were characterized based on their melting points and extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data (IR, 1D and 2D NMR). The chromatographic separation was investigated and developed for the analysis of the biomarkers using µBondapakTM C18 (3.9×300 mm, 5 µm) as stationary phase. The mobile phase composition of 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid as solvent A, and methanol as solvent B with gradient elution was finally selected. The carrageenan-induced edema in a 7-day-old chick model was used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the stem bark extract and compared to diclofenac sodium as a reference drug. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified, as Regiafuran A (1) and 3,5,7,4’-Tetrahydroxy-2’-methoxyflavonol (2). The compounds were employed as biomarkers in the RP-HPLC method development. The developed method was validated and was successfully used to quantify the amount of 1 and 2 in the stem bark to be 0.224% ± 0.056%w/w and 0.354% ± 0.041%w/w respectively. The crude extract showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity compared to the reference drug, diclofenac. The method demonstrated acceptable levels of accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness hence can be successfully adopted for routine quality control and standardization of the stem bark of C. regia. The stem bark of the plant exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity.
THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP, INDEPENDENT BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, AND MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Ningrum Endah Prawesti
Published: December 2021

This research purpose to assign the clout of institutional possession, self-sustained board of commissioners and managerial possession on income management with manager bonuses in manufacturing companies registered on the Indonesian stock exchange in the 2016-2018 period. The sample selection was conducted using purposive sampling technique. The sample amounted to 59 companies with a 3 year period. The method using descriptive analysis and confirmation. The confirmation analysis uses panel data regression analysis (pooled data). The data processing tool uses Eviews 9. The inference of this reseacrh is that institutional possession has a significant influence on income management, bonus managers cannot moderate the effect of institutional possession on income management, this self-sustained board of commissioners has a significant influence on income management, Bonus manager cannot moderate the effect of the self-sustained board of commissioners on income management and managerial possession has a significant effect on income management.
GREEN STRATEGY MODERATE THE EFFECT OF CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ON FIRM VALUE
Authors: Rachmawati Sistya
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze: (1) The effect of disclosure of carbon emissions and environmental performance on firm value. (2) Effect of green strategy on firm value (3) Green strategy Moderates the effect of disclosure of carbon emissions and environmental performance on firm value. Quantitative research uses secondary data taken by purposive sampling from annual reports and sustainable reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The data is processed by panel regression. The conclusion of this study (1) Disclosure of carbon emissions has no effect on firm value. (2) Environmental performance and green strategy have a significant positive effect on firm value. (3) The green strategy strengthens the effect of carbon emission disclosure on firm value. (4) The green strategy is not proven to strengthen environmental performance on company value. So, the green strategy only acts as a predictor or independent variable.
Objective and subjective nature of transformations in translation of a literary text
Authors: Andreeva Ekaterina Yurievna
Published: December 2021

This article is dedicated to the analysis of objective and subjective nature of translation transformations. The research relies on the biographical novels “Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson” and “Isadora: A Sensational Life” by Peter Kurth and their translations into the Russian language. Research methodology employs the methods of descriptive and comparative analysis. The goal lies in examination of the various types of translation modifications (substitution, inversion, addition, and omission) for determining the inevitable changes in the sentences with syntactic structure on the one hand, and the results of individual approach of the  translators fluent in Russian and English on the other hand. The novelty consists in the analysis of syntactic modifications, taking into account various extralinguistic factors within the framework of a particular genre of fiction literature – biographical novel characterized by a special degree of expressiveness. In is established that in literary translation all transformations can be divided into two groups: objective and subjective. Objective transformations are the result of differences in the formal and semantic systems of the English and Russian languages, while subjective modifications help to express the degree of likelihood of the event, as well as the emotional state or attitude of the characters to the events, people, or things. The acquired conclusions contribute to further study of the role of syntactic transformations in the literary translation from English into Russian, as well as can be used in preparation of specialists who study English at the lectures and seminars on the relevant topics of emotive syntax and literary translation.
ВЫБОР МОДЕЛИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЙРОННОЙ СЕТИ ДЛЯ СЕГМЕНТАЦИИ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ БИОЖИДКОСТНОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ
Authors: Семенов М.Е. , Заблоцкая Т.Ю.
Published: December 2021

In the paper, the biological neural network models are analyzed with a purpose to solve the problems of segmentation and pattern recognition when applied to the bio-liquid facies obtained by the cuneiform dehydration method. The peculiarities of the facies’ patterns and the key steps of their digital processing are specified in the frame of the pattern recognition. Feasibility of neural network techniques for the different image data level digital processing is reviewed as well as for image segmentation. The real-life biological neural network architecture concept is described using the mechanisms of the electrical input-output membrane voltage and both induced and endogenic (spontaneous) activities of the neural clusters when spiking. The mechanism of spike initiation is described for metabotropic and ionotropic receptive clusters with the nature of environmental exciting impact specified. Also, the mathematical models of biological neural networks that comprise ot only functional nonlinearities but the hysteretic ones are analyzed and the reasons are given for preference of the mathematical model with delay differential equations is chosen providing its applicability for modeling a single neuron and neural network as well.

В работе рассматривается применение моделей биологической нейронной сети для сегментации изображения фации биожидкости, полученной методом клиновидной дегидратации. Выделены основные характерные особенности, присущие паттернам фаций биожидкостей, а также основные этапы их цифровой обработки в рамках задачи распознавания образов. Проведен анализ использования искусственных нейронных сетей для цифровой обработки изображений для разных уровней представления данных; сделан обзор основных нейросетевых методов сегментации. Описан принцип построения биологически достоверных искусственных нейронных сетей, использующих механизмы изменения мембранного потенциала нейронов и учитывающих при генерации спайка как вызванную активность, так и эндогенную (спонтанную) активность нейронных кластеров. Описан механизм инициации спайка для метаботропных и ионотропных рецептивных кластеров с указанием природы запускающего внешнего воздействия. Проведен анализ существующих математических моделей биологических нейросетей, содержащих помимо обычных функциональных нелинейностей нелинейности гистерезисной природы. Сделан выбор в пользу математической модели, использующей дифференциальные уравнения с запаздыванием, которые могут быть применены как для описания отдельного биологического нейрона, так и для описания работы нейронной сети.
VLF – RECORDER FOR THE STUDY OF NATURAL RADIO EMISSION
Authors: Дружин Г.И. , Пухов В.М. , Санников Д.В. , Малкин Е.И. , Стасий И.Е.
Published: December 2021

С целью исследования естественных щумовых электромагнитных излучений в Институте космофизических исследований и распространения радиоволн ДВО РАН разработан и создан ОНЧрегистратор, установленный на Камчатке, в экспедиционном пункте Карымшина. Непрерывные наблюдения, проведенные с помощью ОНЧ регистратора, позволили исследовать различные геофизические эффекты, связанные с распространением радиоволн, грозовой активностью, землетрясениями, циклонами.

In order to study the natural noise electromagnetic radiation at the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, a VLFrecorder was developed, created and installed in Kamchatka, in the expedition point Karymshina. Continuous observations carried out with the help of VLFregistrator allowed to study various geophysical effects associated with the propagation of radio waves, thunderstorm activity, earthquakes, cyclones.
STUDY OF THE SINGULAR POINTS OF THE FRACTIONAL OSCILLATOR VAN DER POL-DUFFING
Authors: Новикова Е.Р.
Published: December 2021

В работе проводится исследование на асимптотическую устойчивость точек покоя дробного осциллятора Ван дер ПоляДуффинга. Дробный осциллятор Ван дер Поля Дуффинга представляет собой колебательную систему двух дифференциальных уравнений с производными дробных порядков в смысле ГерасимоваКапуто. Порядки дробных производных характеризуют свойства среды (эффекты памяти), в которой происходит колебательный процесс и могут быть одинаковыми (соизмеримыми) или разными (несоизмеримыми). С помощью теорем для соизмеримой и несоизмеримой систем на конкретных примерах исследуется асимптотическая устойчивость точек покоя дробного осциллятора Ван дер ПоляДуффинга. Результаты исследований были подтверждены с помощью построения соответствующих осциллограмм и фазовых траекторий

A study is conducted on the asymptotic stability of the rest points of the fractional oscillator Van der PolDuffing. The fractional van der PolDuffing oscillator is an oscillatory system of two differential equations with fractional order derivatives in the sense of GerasimovCaputo. The orders of fractional derivatives characterize the properties of the medium (memory effects) in which the oscillatory process takes place and can be the same (commensurate) or different (incommensurable). Using theorems for commensurable and incommensurable systems, the asymptotic stability of the rest points of the fractional van der PolDuffing oscillator is investigated with concrete examples. The results of the studies were confirmed by constructing the appropriate waveforms and phase trajectories.
OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FROM OBSERVED OBJECTS THE METHOD OF THE LEAST SQUARE PRONY WITH WEIGHING OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Андреев В.Г. , Авраменко Д.В.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе описана реализация методики повышения точности спектрального оценивания процесса периодических изменений яркости многочастотных отражений от космических объектов в условиях плавного изменения их интенсивности. Проводится сравнительный анализ для определения относительного отклонения оценки частоты вращения F классическим методом наименьших квадратов Прони и со взвешиванием наблюдений

This paper describes the implementation of a technique to improve the accuracy of spectral evaluation of periodic changes in the brightness of multifrequency reflections from space objects under conditions of a smooth change in their intensity. A comparative analysis is carried out to determine the relative deviation of the estimate of the rotational speed F by the classical method of the smallest squares of the Proni and weighing observations
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanoencapsulation of CpG for Stabilization and Enhancement of Immunoadjuvancy
Authors: Brohlin Olivia R. , Ehrman Ryanne E. , Herbert Fabian C. , Wijesundara Yalini H. , Raja Arun , Shahrivarkevishahi Arezoo , Diwakara Shashini D. , Smaldone Ronald A. , Gassensmith Jeremiah
Published: December 2021

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to improve vaccine formulations by stabilizing proteins and protecting them against thermal degradation. This has led to increased 2 immunogenicity of these proteinaceous therapeutics. In this work we show that MOFs can also be used to protect the ssDNA oligomer, CpG, to increase its immunoadjuvancy. By encapsulating phosphodiester CpG in the zinc-based MOF, ZIF-8, the DNA oligomer is protected from nuclease degradation and exhibits improved cellular uptake. As a result, we have been able to achieve drastically enhanced B-cell activation in splenocyte cultures comparable to the current state-of-the-art, phosphorothioate CpG. Furthermore, we have made a direct comparison of micro- and nano-sized MOF for the optimization of particulate delivery of immunoadjuvants to maximize immune activation.
Beyond strain release: Delocalisation-enabled organic reactivity
Authors: Sterling Alistair , Smith Russell , Anderson Edward , Duarte Fernanda
Published: December 2021

Strain energy has long been recognised as a fundamental driving force for organic reactions. However, the release of strain alone is an insufficient predictor of reactivity, as seen in the equivalent strain energies but disparate reactivity of cyclopropane and cyclobutane. Here we show that electronic delocalisation is a key factor that operates alongside strain release to boost reactivity, significantly lowering the energy required for bond-breaking in cyclopropanes, cycloalkynes and cycloalkenes. Consideration of thermodynamic and delocalisation parameters explains the relative rates of reaction of molecules containing these functional groups, leading to a ‘hierarchy of delocalisation’ and a rule-of-thumb model that accurately predicts activation barriers. The implications of these principles are demonstrated in the context of the reactions of strained building blocks commonly encountered in total synthesis, medicinal chemistry, polymer science and bioconjugation.
Monitoring the chemical changes in fingermark residue over time using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Boseley Rhiannon , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Appadoo Dominique , Hackett Mark , Lewis Simon
Published: December 2021

Degradation of fingermark residue has a major impact on the successful forensic detection of latent fingermarks. The time course of degradation has been previously explored with bulk chemical analyses, but little is known about chemical alterations at the micron-scale. Here we report the use of synchrotron-sourced attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) microscopy to provide spatio-temporal resolution of chemical changes within fingermark droplets, as a function of time since deposition. Eccrine and sebaceous material within natural fingermark droplets were imaged on the micron scales at hourly intervals for the first 6 – 12 hours after deposition, revealing that substantial dehydration occurred within the first 8 hours. Changes to lipid material was more varied, with samples exhibiting an increase or decrease in lipid concentration due to the degradation and redistribution of this material. Across 12 donors, it was noticeable that the initial chemical composition and morphology of the droplet varied greatly, which appeared to influence on the rate of change of the droplet over time. Further, this study attempted to quantify the total water content within fingermark samples. The wide-spread nature and strength of the absorption of Terahertz/Far-infrared (THz/Far-IR) radiation by water vapour molecules were exploited for this purpose, using THz/Far-IR spectroscopy. Upon heating, water confined in natural fingermarks was evaporated and expanded in a vacuum chamber equipped with multipass optics. The amount of water vapour was then quantified by high-spectral resolution analysis, and fingermarks were observed to lose approximately 14 – 20 µg of water. The combination of both ATR-FTIR and Far-IR highlight important implications for experimental design in fingermark research, and operational practices used by law enforcement agencies.
Cooperative cation co-transport by supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles
Authors: Yang Kylie , Boles Jessica , White Lisa , Hilton Kira , Lai Hin Yuk , Long Yifan , Hiscock Jennifer , Haynes Cally
Published: December 2021

We report investigations into the cation transport ability of a series of antimicrobial supramolecular, self-associating amphiphiles (SSAs). The SSAs proved to be challenging to study using standard, literature assays and we therefore describe a novel methodology to examine cation transport via a chloride co-transport assay. One SSA in this series was observed to function as a K+ and Na+ transporter with promising deliverability properties. The results shed light on a potential mechanism of microbial toxicity and inform the design of future targets.
Asymmetric syntheses of (+)- and (–)-collybolide enable reevaluation of kappa-opioid receptor agonism
Authors: Shevick Sophia , Freeman Stephan , Tong Guanghu , Russo Robin , Bohn Laura , Shenvi Ryan
Published: December 2021

The fungal metabolite collybolide attracted attention as a non-nitrogenous, potent and biased agonist of the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR). Here we report a 10-step asymmetric synthesis of this complex sesquiterpene that enables facile access to either enantiomer. The synthesis relies on a diastereoselective α-benzoyloxylation to install the buried C6 benzoate and avoid irreversible translactonization of the congested, functionally dense core. Neither enantiomer, however, exhibited KOR agonism, raising the specter of a yet-unidentified contaminant responsible for the reported activity.
Prescription Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Various Dental Clinics at Malabar Region of Kerala, South India
Authors: Muhas C  , Mohamed Saheer K  , Syed Altafuddin Quadri  , Naseef P P  , Abdul Khader P M  , Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in dental practice. However inappropriate prescribing and irrational use of antimicrobial agents without prior culture and sensitivity tests, inadequate duration, dosing etc. have been identified as major factors contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which is an ongoing challenge in all over the world. A total of 1900 patients were screened and out of which 1748 patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study after taking consent. This study shows that the majority of patients attended in these clinics were female, 1020 (58.35%) and majority of patients (717) comes under age group 21-40 (41.02%) followed by age group by ≤ 20 (32.43%).  This study established that most commonly recommended antimicrobial agents were amoxicillin, followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate and metronidazole. The antimicrobial agents like Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime, Tetracyclines, Azithromycines were also used but in less extent. This study also revealed that the selection of antimicrobials was not confirmed with culture and sensitivity tests in all cases, which may negatively influence bacterial resistance profile.
The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum in Sprague-Dawley male White rats
Authors: Nurjanah  , Asadatun Abdullah  , Huda Shalahudin Darusman  , Josephine Vieta Gracia Diaresty  , Anggrei Viona Seulalae
Published: December 2021

Seaweed has many health benefits and has been the potential raw material for making low sodium and high potassium healthy salt. Sargassum polycystum is widely used as a low-sodium functional salt, which has a strong antioxidant capacity. However, it's in vivo potential is unknown. This research was a purpose to determine the antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase enzymes in seaweed salt through in vivo test in Sprague-Dawley rats. To achieve this, salt was produced from S. polycystum flour and distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 and heated at 40°C for 10 minutes, using a water bath. The mixture was stirred using 500 mesh nylon cloth and filter paper, then dried with an oven at 60°C for 30 hours. In vivo research method was then adopted using 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into 5 treatment groups. The analysis used was the treatment of commercial and seaweed salt, Sargassum polycystum, and plain water (aquades) in the test animals with 4 replications, which include each treatment group consisting of 4 Sprague-Dawley rats. Data were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) from Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. S. polycystum salt had a Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) ratio of 0.38 and NaCl content of 49.05%. The antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase enzymes ranged between 54.09–73.40 U/mL and 0.67 – 0.79 U/mL, respectively. These values indicate that the application of S. polycystum salt is able to balance the antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase. In addition, seaweed salt has the potential to reduce cell damage due to free radicals.
Teoria segmentacji rynku a emisje amerykańskich kwitów depozytowych. Wyniki badań empirycznych spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie
Authors: Gabriel Bartłomiej , Majerowska Ewa
Published: December 2021

Przedmiot badań: W dobie zwiększającej się intensywności procesu globalizacji gospodarczej następuje coraz większa integracja rynków kapitałowych. Spółki notowane na giełdach papie­rów wartościowych starają się dotrzeć do jak największej liczby inwestorów, w tym inwestorów zagranicznych. Możliwość taką daje notowanie akcji lub papierów wartościowych opartych na tych akcjach na rynkach poza granicami kraju emitenta. Jednym z instrumentów umożliwiających przepływ kapitału jest emisja kwitów depozytowych. Kwity te mogą oddziaływać na ceny akcji spółek, w oparciu o które są one emitowane.

Cel badawczy: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie, że emisja Amerykańskich Kwitów Depozytowych (ADR), opartych o akcje spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie, w okresie od połowy 2006 r. do połowy 2019 r., spowodowała spadek nadwyżkowych skumulowanych stóp zwrotu tych spółek na rynku pierwotnym.

Metoda badawcza: Do badania wytypowano 30 spółek, dla których wyemitowane zostały w okresie badawczym amerykańskie kwity depozytowe. Wykorzystując dzienne stopy zwrotu, obliczone na podstawie kursów zamknięcia analizowanych spółek, obejmujące 125 dni, oszaco­wano jednowskaźnikowy model Sharpe’a dla każdej z nich. Następnie wyznaczono nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu i skumulowane nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu, przyjmując 25 dni jako okres przed i po zdarzeniu, którym była emisja kwitów.1

Wyniki: Przeprowadzone badanie potwierdziło założoną hipotezę badawczą o ujemnej zależ­ności pomiędzy okresem emisji kwitów depozytowych a stopami zwrotu akcji. Wyniki takie otrzymano na podstawie całej próby, jak i dla wyodrębnionych podokresów. Skumulowane prze­ciętne nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu przyjmowały wartości ujemne, przy czym w drugim z wyodrębnionych podokresów osiągały one jeszcze niższe wartości. Można zatem potwierdzić spadek znaczenia teorii segmentacji rynku w kształtowaniu cen akcji na rynku pierwotnym. Wspiera to tezę o występującym w znacznej części gospodarki światowej zjawisku zmniejszających się po­działów na międzynarodowych rynkach finansowych, co dostrzeżone zostało wcześniej również przez innych badaczy ­
Główne wyzwania dla ochrony praw człowieka w Nepalu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praw kobiet, dzieci, „niedotykalnych” oraz marginalizowanych grup etnicznych
Authors: Stępczak Edyta
Published: December 2021

Przedmiot badań: Nepal jest przykładem kraju, w którym istnieje aparat prawny z narzędziami w postaci przepisów z zakresu ochrony praw człowieka oraz organami kontroli tych praw, a mimo to ich przestrzeganie pozostaje sporym wyzwaniem. Zaś przyczyny tego stanu rzeczy nie były jak dotąd dostatecznie eksplorowane.

Cel badawczy: Celem tego artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie przyczyn słabości ochrony praw czło­wieka w Nepalu.

Metoda badawcza: Dane zostały pozyskane dzięki zastosowaniu takich metod i technik, jak studia literaturowe, analiza treści oraz wywiady eksperckie i pogłębione, przeprowadzone w Ne­palu z prawnikami specjalizującymi się w prawach człowieka, pracownikami organizacji poza­rządowych działających na rzecz praw człowieka oraz prominentnymi aktywistami na tym polu, podczas badań terenowych m.in. w ramach grantu na badania naukowe.

Wyniki: Przeprowadzone badania zaowocowały następującymi wnioskami. Powodem, dla które­go istnienie odpowiedniego aparatu prawnego, narzędzi w postaci przepisów i organów kontroli nie gwarantuje przestrzegania praw człowieka jest fakt, iż w zbiorowej świadomości Nepalczy­ków lokalne wartości, normy kulturowe, tradycje, nakazy religijne oraz obyczaje, wiele z nich będących w sprzeczności z prawami człowieka, pozostają nadrzędne wobec tychże praw.

Patriarchalne wartości i zwyczaje zakorzenione w hinduizmie uniemożliwiają kobietom egze­kwowanie przysługujących im praw, zaś tradycje i przekonania sprzed kilku tysięcy lat nadal wy­kluczają całe grupy społeczne, odmawiając im prawa do godności i pełnego uczestnictwa w życiu publicznym. Zaś brak woli politycznej i niesprawne instytucje dodatkowo utrudniają przestrzega­nie praw człowieka w tym kraju.1

Wśród rekomendacji co do sposobów zwiększenia ochrony praw człowieka w Nepalu znajdują się m.in.: zwiększenie świadomości urzędników w zakresie obowiązujących praw, zwiększenie zatrudnienia kobiet w administracji państwowej, zwiększenie reprezentacji w życiu publicznym członków wszystkich kast i grup etnicznych czy wspieranie aktywistów walczących przeciwko łamaniu praw człowieka.
Reflections on legal taxonomy: the example of iusiurandum
Authors: Villanueva Martínez Antonio
Published: December 2021

Background: This article presents a study on the relationship between taxonomy, used in law textbooks for easier assimilation, and the legal structure of the institutions, based on the particular case of the so-called necessary oath (iusiurandum necessarium) in Roman law, which is presented in sources in a particularly unsystematic and confusing way. The reason for these reflections is determined by the difficulties of understanding the necessary oath that one finds when beginning their studies according to the criteria of doctrinal distinction between the necessary and voluntary oaths.

Research propose: The purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between law and taxonomy, and answer the question whether taxonomy serves the purposes of research and application of law or, on the contrary, it is cultivated by the mere scientific inertia coming from the natural sciences. It is a question of gaining a better understanding of the sensitivity of classical jurisprudence, as well as the order of Corpus Iuris Civilis.

Methods: The starting point of the article constitute citing different doctrinal opinions concerning the criteria of distinction between the necessary and voluntary oaths in ancient Rome. They are analyzed in the light of the jurisprudential sources, in order to verify their validity. The method is based on the exegetical analysis of these sources.

Conclusions: The classification of legal knowledge must be based on both social and legal realities reflected in written laws, regardless of whether they are fitted into easier-to-understand categories.
Przyczyny wykluczenia spółek z rynku NewConnect
Authors: Frydrych Sylwia
Published: December 2021

Przedmiot badań: W artykule podjęto tematykę przyczyn wykluczenia spółek z zorganizowane­go rynku akcji prowadzonego przez Giełdę Papierów Wartościowych S.A. poza rynkiem regulo­wanym w formie alternatywnego systemu obrotu, zwracając uwagę na istotną rolę debiutu spółki na rynku NewConnect przed zaistnieniem na Głównym Rynku GPW.

Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest analiza przyczyn wykluczenia spółek z rynku NewConnect w latach 2008–2020, z uwzględnieniem rodzaju przeprowadzonej oferty oraz liczby wykluczo­nych spółek w stosunku do IPO przeprowadzonego w latach 2007–2020. Sprawdzono liczbę dni od dnia debiutu do dnia wykluczenia spółki z obrotu na NewConnect, biorąc pod uwagę przy­czyny wycofania. Zakres przedmiotowy artykułu obejmuje również analizę statusu spółki, której konsekwencją wykluczenia było przeniesienie na Główny Rynek GPW. Ponadto sprawdzono, jaki udział spółek po zmianie parkietu został wykluczony z obrotu na rynku regulowanym GPW. W związku z powyższym przyjęto hipotezę, iż spółki debiutują na NewConnect w formie oferty niepublicznej, aby w kolejnych latach zmienić parkiet notowań na Główny Rynek GPW.

Metoda badawcza: Najważniejszą zastosowaną metodą badawczą jest krytyczny przegląd lite­ratury, analiza danych źródłowych oraz aktów prawnych dotyczących funkcjonowania Głównego Rynku GPW oraz zorganizowanego rynku akcji, prowadzonego przez Giełdę Papierów Warto­ściowych S.A. poza rynkiem regulowanym w formie alternatywnego systemu obrotu. Posłużono się także metodą obserwacji oraz wnioskowania logicznego.

Wyniki: Do najczęstszych przyczyn wykluczenia spółek z obrotu na rynku NewConnect w latach 2008–2020 należą bezpieczeństwo obrotu, przeniesienie na Główny Rynek GPW oraz upadłość likwidacyjna. Ponadto dominuje udział wykluczonych spółek, których debiuty zostały odnoto­wane w pierwszych pięciu latach funkcjonowania na rynku NewConnect. W artykule wykazano, iż 97% spółek, które zostały przeniesione z NewConnect na Rynek Główny GPW, wprowadziło instrumenty finansowe do obrotu poprzez przeprowadzenie oferty niepublicznej. Zmiana parkietu notowań następowała średnio po upływie 3,3 roku. Ponad 80% spółek, które zmieniły parkiet notowań na Główny Rynek GPW, pozostaje aktywna na rynku regulowanym
Сілкіна Ю. В. Медична ембріологія з основами тератології : навчальний посібник для студентів вищих навчальних закладів МОЗ України
Authors: Silkina Yu.V.
Published: December 2021

У навчальному посібнику представлено матеріал з основ медичної ембріології, викладений відповідно до програми навчальної дисципліни “Гістологія, цитологія та ембріологія”. Обсяг матеріалу стосовно спадкових вад та основ тератології відповідає навчальній програмі з патологічної фізіології. Важливим у представленому посібнику є матеріал, який стосується принципів пренатального моніторингу розвитку дитини із зазначенням критеріїв його оцінки та строків скринінгових обстежень. Посібник насичений оригінальним ілюстративним матеріалом, частина якого представлена оригінальними фотографіями з архіву “Міжобласний центр медичної генетики імені П. М. Веропотвеляна” ДОР (м. Кривий Ріг), “Дніпропетровський спеціалізований клінічний медичний центр матері та дитини ім. проф. М. Ф. Руднєва” ДОР, анатомічного музею кафедри анатомії людини Дніпропетровської медичної академії МОЗ України. Призначений для студентів медичних навчальних закладів ІІІ–IV рівнів акредитації, а також для викладачів, інтернів, сімейних лікарів, педіатрів, дитячих хірургів, акушерів-гінекологів, репродуктологів, генетиків, спеціалістів з пренатальної діагностики та інших.
The Effect of Managerial Share Pledges on the Cost of Debt
Authors: Park Soonhong , Kim Hyeon Sook , Lim Byungkwon
Published: December 2021

We examines whether share pledges by controlling shareholders influence a firm’s cost of debt. We also investigate whether the relationship between share pledges and the cost of debt stems from the managerial risk-taking incentives or pursuing the private benefits of controlling shareholders. We make three major findings. First, we find the cost of debt is higher in firms with share pledges than in firms without share pledges. Furthermore, we identify a positive relationship between the cost of debt and the level of share pledges. Second, we find that there is no increased corporate financial leverage or investment activities in firms with share pledges. Finally, our empirical evidence demonstrates that the positive relationship between share pledges and cost of debt is more pronounced for lower foreign institutional investor stakes or higher controlling shareholders ownership. Overall, the results indicate that share pledges by controlling shareholders negatively affect the cost of debt. However, the effect of share pledges on the cost of debt is differently influenced by a firm’s ownership structure. Our findings suggest that share pledges induce stockholder-bondholder conflict, and the bondholder requires more risk premium due to the decrease of firm value.