bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratégias de enfrentamento do craving em dependentes de crack em tratamento em Comunidades Terapêuticas
Authors: Calheiros Paulo Renato Vitória , Morais Paulo Rogério , Félix Junior Itamar José , Silva Leila Gracieli da , Almeida Marta De
Published: October 2019

OBJETIVOS: identificar e descrever as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas perante o craving por usuários de crack que estavam em tratamento internados em Comunidades Terapêuticas.MÉTODO: a amostra foi composta por 133 homens. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário sociodemográfico e rastreio do uso de drogas, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e uma Escala de Perguntas sobre craving. A análise utilizada foi a estatística descritiva e de frequências para análise exploratória com nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS: os participantes relataram um predomínio da categoria Força de Vontade e de comportamento de Esquiva em resposta ao craving.CONCLUSÃO: esses resultados são importantes contribuições na compreensão do enfrentamento do craving, sinalizando a importância do trabalho da prevenção de recaídas, da família e tratamentos eficazes.
Clinical and Laboratory Predictors for Plaque Erosion in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Yamamoto Erika , Yonetsu Taishi , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Soeda Tsunenari , Saito Yoshihiko , Yan Bryan P. , Kurihara Osamu , Takano Masamichi , Niccoli Giampaolo , Higuma Takumi , Kimura Shigeki , Minami Yoshiyasu , Ako Junya , Adriaenssens Tom , Boeder Niklas F. , Nef Holger M. , Fracassi Francesco , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Lee Hang , Crea Filippo , Kimura Takeshi , Fujimoto James G. , Fuster Valentin , Jang Ik‐Kyung
Published: October 2019

Background

Plaque erosion is responsible for 25% to 40% of patients with acute coronary syndromes (
ACS
). Recent studies suggest that anti‐thrombotic therapy without stenting may be an option for this subset of patients. Currently, however, an invasive procedure is required to make a diagnosis of plaque erosion. The aim of this study was to identify clinical or laboratory predictors of plaque erosion in patients with
ACS
to enable a diagnosis of erosion without additional invasive procedures.

Methods and Results

Patients with
ACS
who underwent optical coherence tomography imaging were selected from 11 institutions in 6 countries. The patients were classified into plaque rupture, plaque erosion, or calcified plaque, and predictors were identified using multivariable logistic modeling. Among 1241 patients with
ACS
, 477 (38.4%) patients were found to have plaque erosion. Plaque erosion was more frequent in non–
ST
‐segment elevation‐
ACS
than in ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (47.9% versus 29.8%,
P
=0.0002). Multivariable logistic regression models showed 5 independent parameters associated with plaque erosion: age <68 years, anterior ischemia, no diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin >15.0 g/dL, and normal renal function. When all 5 parameters are present in a patient with non–
ST
‐segment elevation‐
ACS
, the probability of plaque erosion increased to 73.1%.

Conclusions

Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with plaque erosion are explored in this retrospective registry study. These parameters may be useful to identify the subset of
ACS
patients with plaque erosion and guide them to conservative management without invasive procedures. The results of this exploratory analysis need to be confirmed in large scale prospective clinical studies.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03479723.
Symptoms of Depression and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A HUNT Study
Authors: Nyrønning Linn Åldstedt , Stenman Malin , Hultgren Rebecka , Albrektsen Grethe , Videm Vibeke , Mattsson Erney
Published: October 2019

Background

Depression is associated with cardiovascular diseases, but the evidence is scarce regarding depression and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms (
AAA
). The aim was to determine whether individuals with depressive symptoms have increased risk of
AAA
.

Methods and Results

This population‐based prospective study included 59 136 participants (52.4% women) aged 50 to 106 years from the
HUNT
(Norwegian Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (
HADS
). During a median follow‐up of 13 years, there were 742 incident cases of
AAA
(201 women). A total of 6401 individuals (12.3%) reported depressive symptoms (defined as
HADS
depression scale [
HADS
‐D]) ≥8) (52.5% women). The annual incidence rate of
AAA
was 1.0 per 1000 individuals. At all ages, the estimated proportion of individuals diagnosed with
AAA
was higher among those with depressive symptoms (log‐rank test,
P
<0.001). People with
HADS
‐D ≥8 were older than those with
HADS
‐D<8 (median 57.8 versus 52.3 years,
P
<0.001) and a statistically significantly higher proportion of them (
P
<0.001) were smokers, overweight or obese, and reported a history of coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for these factors, individuals with depressive symptoms had a ≈30% higher risk of
AAA
than those without (hazard ratio, 1.32, 95%
CI
1.08–1.61,
P
=0.007).

Conclusions

This study shows that individuals with depressive symptoms have significantly higher risk of incident
AAA
, after adjustments for established risk factors.
Prevalence and Impact of Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source With or Without Active Cancer
Authors: Ha Jongmok , Lee Mi Ji , Kim Suk Jae , Park Bo‐yong , Park Hyunjin , Cho Soohyun , Chung Jong‐Won , Seo Woo‐Keun , Kim Gyeong‐Moon , Bang Oh Young , Chung Chin‐Sang
Published: October 2019

Background

An increased risk of acute ischemic stroke is recognized among patients with cancer. However, the mechanism behind cancer‐related stroke is unclear. In this study, we determined the presence of associated venous thromboembolism and arterial thromboembolism and their clinical impact on patients with cancer‐related stroke.

Methods and Results

Patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source with or without cancer were evaluated for venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis [
DVT
] and/or pulmonary embolism) and arterial thromboembolism by using Doppler sonography to determine the presence of lower‐extremity
DVT
and the microembolic signal of the symptomatic cerebral circulation, respectively. Infarct volume was determined by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to investigate the effect of
DVT
and microembolic signal on infarct volume and 1‐year survival, respectively. Of 142 screened patients, 118 were included (37 with, 81 without cancer). Those with cancer had a higher prevalence of
DVT
or microembolic signal than did the noncancer group (62.2% versus 19.8%;
P
<0.001). Among patients with cancer‐related stroke,
DVT
was associated with a greater infarct volume in magnetic resonance imaging (beta, 13.14; 95%
CI
, 1.62–24.66;
P
=0.028). Presence of
DVT
(hazard ratio, 16.79; 95%
CI,
2.05–137.75;
P
=0.009) and microembolic signal (hazard ratio, 8.16; 95%
CI
, 1.36–48.85;
P
=0.022) were independent predictors of poor 1‐year survival.

Conclusions

Patients with cancer‐associated embolic stroke of undetermined source have an elevated risk of associated venous thromboembolism and arterial thromboembolism, both of which have a significant negative impact on 1‐year survival. The results of this study may enhance our understanding of cancer‐associated stroke and improve risk stratification of patients with this disease.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.Unique
identifier:
NCT
02212496
A Jamesian Response to Reductionism in the Neuropsychology of Religious Experience
Authors: Kime Katie Givens , Snarey John R.
Published: October 2019

The neuroscience revolution has revived interpretations of religious experiences as wholly dependent on biological conditions. William James cautioned against allowing such neurological reductionism to overwhelm other useful perspectives. Contemporary psychologists of religion have raised similar cautions, but have failed to engage James as a full conversation partner. In this article, we present a contemporary, applied version of James's perspective. We clarify the problem by reviewing specific James-like contemporary concerns about reductionism in the neuropsychological study of religion. Then, most centrally, we employ three of James's conceptual tools—pragmatism, pluralism, and radical empiricism—to moderate contemporary reductionism. Finally, we point to a constructive approach through which neuroscientists might collaborate with scholars in the humanities and psychosocial sciences, which is consistent with our conclusion that it is often no longer fruitful to separate neurobiological studies from studies that are psychosocial or sociocultural.
Religiosity and Sexual Behavior: Tense Relationships and Underlying Affects and Cognitions in Samples of Christian and Muslim Traditions
Authors: Rigo Caroline , Saroglou Vassilis
Published: October 2019

Religion's historical mistrust of sexuality shapes people's behavior by inhibiting liberal sexuality. Still, it is unclear whether this inhibitive role also includes common, normative sexual behavior, particularly in secularized contexts. Moreover, the possible mediating effects emotions, affects, and thoughts have on the association between religiosity and restricted sexuality have never been integrated into a single model. Finally, cross-religious differences in common sexual behavior have still yet to be documented. We addressed these three issues in two studies, with samples of Catholic and Muslim tradition (total N = 446). Consistently across samples, religiosity predicted, either directly or indirectly, less frequent common heterosexual behaviors and masturbation, partly through sexual guilt and inhibition, and/or decreased sexual fantasy and the search for sexual pleasure. However, married Muslims’ religiosity, unlike Catholics’, did not directly undermine fertility-oriented sexuality and the search for pleasure. Religion's role in restricting sexuality seems to be rooted in deep psychological rationale.
Alternaria ershadii sp. nov. a new species isolated from wheat black head mold in Iran

Authors: POURSAFAR ALIREZA , GHOSTA YOUBERT , JAVAN-NIKKHAH MOHAMMAD
Published: October 2019

In the continuation of studies on Alternaria species from wheat plants with black head mold symptoms, 10 isolates with typical characteristics of the section Pseudoalternaria were isolated and studied by a combined approach based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using sequence data sets of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes. These isolates represented a new and previously undescribed species in this section which is illustrated and described here as Alternaria ershadii sp. nov. Also based on our phylogenetic analyses, it was revealed that Alternaria brassicifolii, which was recently described from Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis in Korea and placed in this section, formed a well separated monotypic lineage distinct from the other members in the section Pseudoalternaria. Comparisons of three-dimensional sporulation patterns and conidial characteristics supported the molecular results. So, at present, Alternaria section Pseudoalternaria contains only seven species viz. Alternaria altcampina, A. arrhenatheri, A. ershadii, A. inflata, A. kordkuyana, A. parvicaespitosa and A. rosae. Morphological comparisons of Alternaria ershadii with other species in the section Pseudoalternaria and with Alternaria brassicifolii is also provided.
Byrsonima delicatula (Malpighiaceae), a new species from northern Brazil

Authors: RODRIGUES RODRIGO SCHÜTZ , FLORES ANDRÉIA SILVA
Published: October 2019

Byrsonima delicatula, a new species of Malpighiaceae endemic to Roraima State, northern Brazil, is described and illustrated. Byrsonima delicatula is most similar to B. intermedia, from which it is distinguished by leaf blade and ovary pubescence, and stipule, bract, and bracteole length.
The squat lobster genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 in New Zealand and eastern Australia, with description of six new species
Authors: SCHNABEL KAREEN E. , AHYONG SHANE T.
Published: October 2019

The small galatheid squat lobster genus Phylladiorhynchus currently contains five species, three of which supposedly have wide Indo-Pacific distributions. To date, two putatively widespread species, P. pusillus and P. integrirostris have been recorded from New Zealand and Australian waters. Here, we review the New Zealand and eastern Australian species of Phylladiorhynchus based on extensive collections from the region using morphological and molecular data. The type species, P. pusillus (Henderson, 1885) (type locality: Twofold Bay, Australia) is redescribed and shown to occur on both sides of the Tasman Sea. Phylladiorhynchus integrirostris, for which the original Hawaiian type material has been lost, is redescribed based on a neotype and shown not to occur in New Zealand or Australian waters, previous records being referable to other species. Six new species of Phylladiorhynchus are described. Seven species of Phylladiorhynchus are now known from New Zealand and eastern Australia. A key to all species of the genus is provided. Results of the present study show that the regional diversity of Phylladiorhynchus is significantly higher than previously reported and demonstrates the utility of a number of subtle morphological characters as diagnostic of species.
More new Diplotrema earthworm species from southern Mexico (Annelida, Crassiclitellata, Acanthodrilidae, Acanthodrilinae)
Authors: FRAGOSO CARLOS , ROJAS PATRICIA
Published: October 2019

Three new Acanthodrilinae species from the states of Oaxaca, Tabasco and Chiapas in southern Mexico are described, Diplotrema oaxacana sp. nov., Diplotrema tabascensis sp. nov., and Diplotrema kaxyebensis sp. nov., respectively. D. oaxacana sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of genital setae in segments 8 and 9, a spermathecal ampulla transversally connected to the duct and paired seminal vesicles in 11 and 12. D. tabascensis sp. nov. is separated from all Diplotrema species by genital setae in segment 16. The singleton D. kaxyebensis sp. nov. is characterized by a single pair of seminal vesicles in 12, genital setae in 8 and by a particular arrangement of spermathecal duct-ampulla-diverticulum connections. It is discussed that the neotropical Diplotrema species lineage does probably not belong to the southern hemisphere Diplotrema lineage, which indeed contains the majority of species; its taxonomic separation, however, should wait until more information is obtained on the molecular relationships among neotropical Acanthodrilinae. Finally the topic of describing new earthworm species on singletons is discussed; a decision table is provided to help earthworm taxonomists to decide about this aspect. This paper is dedicated to Dr. Pietro Omodeo for his important contribution to the fields of taxonomy and biogeography of earthworms, on the occasion of his 100th birthday.
Correction to the type locality of Tomopterna ahli (Deckert, 1938) (Anura: Pyxicephalidae), with the designation of a neotype
Authors: CHANNING ALAN , BECKER FRANCOIS
Published: October 2019

Deckert described a Tomopterna as Arthroleptella ahli from South Africa in 1938. We demonstrate that the type of Tomopterna ahli (Deckert, 1938) was actually collected in Namibia, and that this nomen is a senior synonym of Tomopterna damarensis Dawood & Channing, 2002. We designate a neotype for Tomopterna ahli (Deckert, 1938).
New Lipsothrix (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea
Authors: PODENAS SIGITAS , PETERSEN MATTHEW , KIM A-YOUNG , PARK SUN-JAE , BYUN HYE-WOO , SEO HONG-YUL
Published: October 2019

Lipsothrix odaesana Podenas & Petersen, sp. nov. from South Korea is described and illustrated. It is the only species of Lipsothrix Loew, 1873 recorded so far from the Korean Peninsula. Elevation range, period of activity, habitat information and a distribution map are presented.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using a Bioflocculant Extracted from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2
Authors: Dlamini Nkosinathi G. , Basson Albertus K. , Pullabhotla V. S. R. Rajasekhar
Published: October 2019

Bioflocculant from Alcaligenis faecalis HCB2 was used in the eco-friendly synthesis of the copper nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis
(TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The transmission electron microscopy images showed close to spherical shapes with an average particle size of ∼53 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of the Cu nanopartilces and also the other
elements such as O, C, P, Ca, Cl, Na, K, Mg, and S originated from the bioflocculant. FT-IR results showed the presence of the –OH and –NH2 groups, aliphatic bonds, amide and Cu–O bonds. Powder X-ray diffraction peaks confirmed the presence of (111) and (220) planes
of fcc structure at 2 of 33° and 47° respectively with no other impurity peaks.
Polyacrylonitrile/Polysulfone Blends for Corrosion Protection of Copper
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Rani Pooja , Mehtab Sameena , Zaidi Md. Ghulam Haider
Published: October 2019

Polyacrylonitrile/polysulphone blends (PBs) was synthesized through in situ polymerization in N-methyl pyrrolidone under microwave irradiation. PBs were characterized through Uv-vis spectra and atomic force microscopy. Performance of corrosion protection of PBs of copper
was investigated through electrochemical impedence spectra and DC polarization in NaCl (0.25 M). Electrochemical data reveals improved corrosion protection of copper by PBs over PSF. PBs display marginal delamination over copper at the rate of 0.53 mm/yr till 29 h. Present work demonstrates
the potential of PBs towards corrosion protection of copper and the same may onwards be executed for protection of other metals by PBs in saline media.
Analytical and Numerical Analysis Comparison of Equal Channel Angular Pressing for Al5083 Alloy
Authors: Şahbaz Mehmet , Kaya Hasan , Kentli Aykut , Uçar Mehmet , Öğüt Serkan , Özbeyaz Kerim
Published: October 2019

In this study, the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process was modeled by using computeraided design software. Then, it was numerically analyzed by the help of specific finite element analysis (FEA) software. Therefore, effective strain increase in each step of the four passing
was obtained. Besides this, the strain increase also was calculated for every step of passing by using the analytical method, and the results of the methods were compared. Moreover, the required load for each passing was determined and the increase of it with the increase of passing was presented.
Quantitative Assessment of State-Dependent Atmospheric Motion Vector Uncertainties
Authors: Posselt Derek J. , Wu Longtao , Mueller Kevin , Huang Lei , Irion Fredrick W. , Brown Shannon , Su Hui , Santek David , Velden Christopher S.
Published: October 2019

This study examines the error characteristics of atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) obtained by tracking the movement of water vapor features. A high-resolution numerical simulation of a dynamic weather event is used as a baseline, and AMVs tracked from retrieved water vapor fields are compared with the “true” winds produced by the model. The sensitivity of AMV uncertainty to time interval, AMV tracking window size, water vapor content, horizontal gradient, and wind structure is examined. AMVs are derived from the model water vapor field at a specific height and also from water vapor fields vertically blurred using smoothing functions consistent with high-spectral-resolution infrared (IR) and high-frequency microwave (MW) water vapor sounders. Uncertainties in water vapor AMVs are state dependent and are largest for regions with small water vapor content and small water vapor spatial gradient and in places where the flow runs parallel to contours of constant water vapor content. Smoothing of water vapor consistent with IR and MW retrievals does not increase AMV uncertainty; however, the yield of AMVs from IR sounders is much lower than from MW sounders because of the inability of IR sounders to retrieve water vapor below clouds. The yield and error are similar for AMVs in the lower and upper troposphere, even though the water vapor content in the upper troposphere is much smaller. The results have implications for the design of new observing systems, as well as the specification of errors when AMVs are ingested in data assimilation systems.
Litigation in ophthalmology: An overview
Authors: McMaster David , Tucker Charlotte
Published: October 2019

Through a series of Freedom of Information requests to NHS Resolution on claims made from 2005/2006 to 2017/2018 we have analysed trends of UK litigation in ophthalmology, identifying the most common causes and primary injuries for closed (settled) claims resulting in payment of damages during this 13-year period. We assess the most common causes of litigation in ophthalmology with respect to previous rulings in clinical negligence and provide a case example for discussion.
Thermal and moisture control performance of different mastectomy bras and external breast prostheses
Authors: Shin Kristina , Leung Kaoru , Han Fred , Jiao Jiao
Published: October 2019

This paper introduces a project involving a thermoregulation performance experiment design to evaluate the different responses of research subjects to a range of mastectomy bras and external breast prostheses. A set of newly designed heat-reduction mastectomy bras and prostheses were mix-matched with a set of conventional mastectomy bras and prostheses for the experiment. Four combinations of mastectomy bras and external breast prostheses were used: (a) Com A: conventional mastectomy bra and conventional prosthesis; (b) Com B: conventional mastectomy bra and heat-reduction prosthesis; (c) Com C: heat-reduction mastectomy bra and conventional prosthesis; and (d) Com D: heat-reduction mastectomy bra and heat-reduction prosthesis. Nine healthy male subjects (mean age: 31.9 ± 5.9 y and mean under-bust circumference: 35.3 ± 2.8 in) participated in this study in lieu of women who had undergone surgery for double mastectomy and were too self-conscious to expose their scars for sensor attachment. Eight sets of temperature and humidity sensors were placed between the surface of the skin and the prostheses and bra to measure the changes in both temperature and humidity data in a microclimate environment while the participants performed physical activity. The results showed that Com D demonstrated better thermal and moisture control, resulting in lower body temperature and lower humidity increment throughout the entire experiment. The study proved that the heat-reduction mastectomy bra and external breast prosthesis were effective in releasing the trapped heat and perspiration underneath the bra, and thus would provide a positive impact on clothing comfort and wearing experience for women who had undergone mastectomies.
A new method to evaluate interlacing yarns
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhan Yinlan , Yao Leon
Published: October 2019

The theory of purification is proposed in this article. Based on the framework of this theory, several models can be built to give a synthetic quality evaluation of interlacing yarns. In this paper, three models are given. The first one is the most popular method to evaluate the quality of interlacing yarn and we can prove it meets the theory of purification. The second one is modified according to the coefficient of variation. The third one is a new evaluation method. Meanwhile, we give a test algorithm to compare the degree of reflecting common cognition of the three models. From the result of comparison and analysis, the new evaluation method is recommended. It has a comparatively complete evaluation value for every state in universe M. Compared to other modeling methods, this method can give every level of interlacing yarn a relatively pertinent evaluation.
A digital replica of male compression underwear
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Kuzmichev Victor , Adolphe Dominique
Published: October 2019

With the development of society and increasing demands, the design of male underwear should conform to human ergonomics. However, some special delicate aspects related to morphological features of the male body need to use computer technologies for generating a digital replica of real bodies, with textile materials instead of real objects from the perspective of satisfying increasing needs. This article aims to apply three-dimensional (3D) simulation technology in compression clothes design. We have proposed the method of material precision simulation, body avatar establishment, and virtual underwear design. In this study, multiple 3D software to establish avatars of male bodies with different morphological features are used first. Secondly, the conversion of the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics results in a digital library of knitted materials to be explored, which are mainly based on elastic characteristics and compression performances. Then, we conducted a series of try-on tests with average size avatars, which are created using 3D scanning technology, and evaluated the pressure and comfort using a new method we recommended. Finally, the results of the virtual and actual tests are compared. All digital replicas achieve the same results as the real ones. This study can promote the application of 3D simulation technology in male compression underwear design by operating a digital replica instead of real objects.
An Economic Model of Optimal Penalty for Health Care Workplace Violence
Authors: Sun Zesheng , Lin Sharon X. , Wang Shuhong
Published: October 2019

This article provides an economic model on the optimal penalty of health care workplace violence based on health care workplace classification and cost structure, aiming to deter potential offenders. By developing an EIP (externality, identifiability, and preventability) analytical method, we distinguish the characteristics of different workplaces and find that the health care workplace is the combination of externality, low identifiability, and low preventability. Besides the private cost to victims for ordinary workplace violence, the cost structure of health care workplace violence includes social costs like externality-related public safety cost, defensive medicine cost, and specific factors cost. When the optimal penalty corresponding to different levels of health care workplace violence increases, the threshold level of punishable violence decreases after incorporating the social costs into analysis. Our model shows that public safety costs are positively correlated with the importance of health care workplace in the service network, and a higher public safety cost should be matched with a greater optimal penalty.
The Progress of Law: Aeschylus’s Oresteia in Feminist and Critical Theory
Authors: Njoya Wairimu
Published: October 2019

The Oresteia is conventionally read as an account of progress from the age of private vendetta to the public order of legal justice. According to G.W.F. Hegel, an influential proponent of this view, the establishment of a court in Athens was the first step in the progressive universalization of law. For feminists and Frankfurt School theorists, in contrast, the Oresteia offers an account of the origins of patriarchy and class domination by legal means. This article examines the two competing interpretations of Aeschylus’s trilogy, arguing that they are not mutually exclusive. Rather than rejecting Hegel’s progressive thesis altogether, the critical theorists discussed here focus on the underside of progress. They make two claims that are explicated and defended in this article: first, that law follows a dialectical progression wherein measures to advance justice simultaneously intensify domination; second, that the dialectic of progress arises from the legal form itself—its presumed universality.
Carcinogenicity Assessment of Daprodustat (GSK1278863), a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor
Authors: Adams David F. , Watkins Mark S. , Durette Luc , Laliberté Josée , Goulet Félix , Debien Elaine , Frazier Kendall S. , Mellal Nacéra , Chen Liangfu , Shi Wei , Thomas Roberta , Hu Erding
Published: October 2019

Daprodustat (GSK1278863) is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor in development for treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Daprodustat’s biological activity simulates components of the natural response to hypoxia; inhibition of PHDs results in HIF stabilization and modulation of HIF-controlled gene products, including erythropoietin. The carcinogenic potential of daprodustat was evaluated in 2-year carcinogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice, where once-daily doses were administered. The mouse study also included evaluation of daprodustat’s 3 major circulating human metabolites. There were no neoplastic findings that were considered treatment related in either study. Exaggerated pharmacology resulted in significantly increased red cell mass and subsequent multiorgan congestion and secondary non-neoplastic effects in both species, similar to those observed in chronic toxicity studies. In rats, these included aortic thrombosis and an exacerbation of spontaneous rodent cardiomyopathy, which contributed to a statistically significant decrease in survival in high-dose males (group terminated in week 94). Survival was not impacted in mice at any dose. Systemic exposures (area under the plasma concentration–time curve) to daprodustat at the high doses in rats and mice exceed predicted maximal human clinical exposure by ≥143-fold. These results suggest that daprodustat and metabolites do not pose a carcinogenic risk at clinical doses.
Multidisciplinary treatment of deep neck infection associated with descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a single-centre experience
Authors: Ma Chao , Zhou Lian , Zhao Ji-Zhi , Lin Run-Tai , Zhang Tao , Yu Li-Jiang , Shi Tian-Yin , Wang Mu
Published: October 2019

Objective

Deep neck infection (DNI) associated with descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a highly lethal condition. This retrospective review was performed to share our experience performing multidisciplinary management of DNI associated with DNM during a 7-year period.

Methods

We reviewed 16 patients who had been surgically treated for DNM at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2010 to July 2017. The clinical outcomes were analysed to determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.

Results

Five women and 11 men were included in this study. Their mean age was 54.9 ± 14.3 years. DNM-associated infections most commonly occurred secondary to odontogenic infections (n = 10). Thirteen patients required tracheotomy because of tracheal compression. All patients underwent unilateral or bilateral cervicotomy. Six patients with DNM localized in the upper mediastinal space underwent transcervical mediastinal drainage, while 10 patients with DNM extending to the lower mediastinum were treated by cervicotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Three patients died of multiple organ failure.

Conclusion

Multidisciplinary treatment can achieve favourable outcomes in >80% of patients with DNM. Early diagnosis, proper airway management, and adequate surgical drainage are crucial for reducing mortality in patients with DNM, and minimally invasive procedures also play an important role.
Delayed-onset adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by a novel mutation in DAX1
Authors: Liu Siyue , Yan Libin , Zhou Xinrong , Chen Chen , Wang Daowen , Yuan Gang
Published: October 2019

In this study, we described a male who presented with delayed-onset adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and mild hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG) without a relevant family history. A novel mutation in the DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, congenital adrenal hypoplasia critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1) gene was shown to cause X-linked AHC and HHG. Genetic analysis revealed a novel nonsense mutation, c.154G > T (p.Glu52Term), in the DAX1 gene. Molecular testing demonstrated that the milder phenotype caused by this mutation was due to expression of a partially functional, amino-truncated DAX1 protein generated from an alternate in-frame translation start site (methionine at codon 83). This unusual case revealed a potential mechanism for a novel mutation that resulted in an unusual delayed-onset mild clinical phenotype. It expands the spectrum of adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Individual difference correlates of continuing versus ceasing musical participation
Authors: Krause Amanda E , North Adrian C , Davidson Jane W
Published: October 2019

While researchers have begun to examine how social and emotional investment in music is related to psychological well-being, very little research has considered how best to promote life-long participation in music across the lifespan. One particular gap in the existing literature concerns how and why individuals continue to participate or, instead, cease their participation in musical activities. The current research adopted a social-psychological approach to quantitatively examine the differences between 383 Australian residents who have ceased (44.40%) or currently participate in musical activity (55.60%). Responses to an online questionnaire indicated that current participation in music was associated positively with a preference for reflective and complex music and the World Health Organization–BREF’s psychological quality of life dimension, and that current participation in music was associated negatively with peer musical engagement when growing up. Moreover, gender, age, and measures of musical background and experience were not significantly associated with continuing to participate in musical activities. These findings have clear implications for educators’ attempts foster continued musical participation.
Do In-Prison Correctional Programs Affect Postrelease Employment and Earnings?
Authors: Jensen Eric L. , Williams Christopher J. , Kane Stephanie L.
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to examine the effects of general educational development (GED) attainment in prison and therapeutic community participation on postrelease employment and earnings. The participants are all males released from prisons in Idaho during 2004. The dependent variables are employment and mean quarterly earnings up to 57 months after release. Propensity score matching analysis was used to enhance the equivalence of the comparison groups, with a small percentage of overly influential observations trimmed. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of programming on employment. GED had no effect on employment. The effect of therapeutic community approached significance. The statistical analyses on earnings used generalized linear models based on the gamma distribution due to the highly skewed distribution of this variable. These analyses found that GED had no effect on earnings and that participation in a therapeutic community had a highly significant effect on mean quarterly earnings.
Application of blade tip shroud brush seal to improve the aerodynamic performance of turbine stage
Authors: Ma Dengqian , Li Jun , Zhang Yuanqiao , Li Zhigang , Yan Xin , Song Liming
Published: October 2019

The blade tip shroud brush seal is applied to replace the labyrinth seal for the aerodynamic performance improvement of turbine stage. The leakage flow characteristics of the brush seal are numerically predicted by using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and non-linear Darcian porous medium model. The numerical leakage flow rate of the brush seal is in well agreement with the experimental data. The last and first long teeth of the labyrinth seal were designed to bristle pack named as the postposed and preposed brush seals based on the 1.5 turbine stage. The leakage flow rate and aerodynamic performance of the turbine stage with blade tip shroud labyrinth seal and brush seal are numerically investigated. The effect of the sealing clearance between bristle pack and tip shroud on the aerodynamic performance of turbine stage is conducted which ranged from 0 mm to 0.4 mm. The axial deflection of the bristle pack is analyzed with consideration of the aerodynamic forces and contact frictional force. The obtained results show that the leakage flow rate of the tip shroud brush seals with bristle tip 0.4 mm clearance which decreases by up to 18% in comparison with the labyrinth seal, and the aerodynamic efficiency increases by 0.6%. Compared to the tip labyrinth seal, tip shroud brush seals can decrease the relative deflection angle of exit flow. This flow behavior results in reducing the mixing loss between the tip leakage flow and mainstream. The similar axial deflection of the bristle pack for two kinds of brush seals is observed at the same sealing clearance. The deflection of the bristle pack under the function of the aerodynamic forces is protected by the backing plate. This work provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the brush seal application in the turbine industries.
Purine versus non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiac and bone marrow toxicity in rats
Authors: El-Sheikh AA , Abdelzaher WY , Gad AA , Abdel-Gaber SA
Published: October 2019

Background and aim:

Cancer is a fatal and serious disease. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is a commonly used anticancer drug. Cardiotoxicity and myelotoxicity are life-threatening side effects of CYC treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, allopurinol (ALL) and febuxostat (FEB), on CYC-induced cardio- and hematopoietic toxicity in rats.

Methods:

ALL (100 mg/kg/day) or FEB (10 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to rats in the presence and absence of CYC (200 mg/kg kg i.p. single dose) treatment. Serum creatine kinase-MB creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were estimated. Complete blood counting (CBC), cardiac and bone marrow XO activity, malondialdehyde level, and superoxide dismutase activity were determined. Cardiac and bone marrow histopathological changes were also evaluated.

Results:

ALL and FEB significantly decreased CK-MB and LDH induced by CYC. Disturbed levels of XO, oxidative stress parameters, and CBC were also corrected by both XO inhibitors tested, with amelioration of cardiac histopathological changes caused by CYC. Treatment with FEB, but not ALL, prior to CYC challenges normalized bone marrow histopathological changes.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that both XO inhibitors tested; ALL and FEB can ameliorate CYC-induced cardiotoxicity. However, only FEB can protect against CYC-induced myelotoxicity, whereas ALL, to the contrary, might aggravate it.
Rethinking Exclusionary Zoning or: How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love It
Authors: Imbroscio David
Published: October 2019

Everybody, in the academic/activist world at least, seems to hate exclusionary zoning (EZ). In this intervention, I question this prevalent sentiment, especially as held by urban/housing scholars dedicated to the pursuit of social (or housing) justice. I find that the effort to curtail EZ—the Anti-Exclusionary Zoning (Anti-EZ) Project—embraces a set of pernicious normative values giving rise to sociopolitical outcomes far more detrimental to social justice than EZ’s actual adverse effects. Most saliently, while the practice of EZ is often a manifestation of the ubiquitous and enduring presence of racism in America, the Anti-EZ Project inflicts an even greater degree of racialized harm upon the disadvantaged. I thus find that, strategically, the Anti-EZ Project stands in polar opposition to what the pursuit of social/racial justice demands, and I briefly sketch the basic contours of this alternative strategy, pointing to, inter alia, some affinities with the Movement for Black Lives platform.
Intragroup Emotion Convergence: Beyond Contagion and Social Appraisal
Authors: Parkinson Brian
Published: October 2019

Mimicry-based emotion contagion and social appraisal currently provide the most popular explanations for interpersonal emotional convergence. However, neither process fully accounts for intragroup effects involving dynamic calibration of people’s orientations during communal activities. When group members are engaged in shared tasks, they simultaneously attend to the same unfolding events and arrive at mutually entrained movement patterns that facilitate emotional coordination. Entrainment may be further cultivated by interaction rituals involving rhythmic music that sets the pace for collective singing, dancing, or marching. These rituals also provide an emotionally meaningful focus for group activities and sometimes specifically encourage the experience of intense embodied states. Intragroup emotion convergence thus depends on interlocking processes of reciprocated and context-attuned orientational calibration and group-based social appraisal.
Brazilian businessmen movements: Right-wing populism and the (dis)connection between policy and politics
Authors: Barros Amon , Wanderley Sergio
Published: October 2019

We advocate for the relevance of taking Brazilian past experience and theorization of populism into account to understand present-day challenges. We depart from Weffort’s conceptualization of populism to discuss the role of businesspeople movements in supporting and taking control of the political agenda through think tanks. According to Weffort, populism is built over precarious alliances that tend to favor policy or politics in different moments. During times of divergence among political elites, a populist leader emerges as a mediator in orchestrating an unstable hegemony among asymmetric classes. At the same time, the classes included in the populist alliance give legitimacy to the populist leader; they hinder his capacity of imposing decisions. However, treason of the weakest within the alliance is certain. We suggest that the political role played by the think tank IPES, in 1960s Brazil, in reframing middle-class demands is akin to contemporary populist events in Brazil—represented by the election of Jair Bolsonaro—and in the Anglo-Saxon world. Trumpism and Brexit are examples of a still-powerful free-market ideology project wrapped up under a populist discourse (re)framed with the support of businessmen and think tanks. A corporate takeover of government and the imposition of a free-market agenda are certain, as it is the treason of the weakest in the populist coalition. CMS academics should engage with the demands that give birth to populist movements as a way to dispute the neoliberal hegemony and anti-democratic populist solutions.
Negative emotions as predictors of behavioral outcomes in middle school physical education
Authors: Simonton Kelly L , Garn Alex C
Published: October 2019

Discrete emotions provide a lens for understanding students’ subjective experiences in physical education (PE). Enjoyment of PE is one discrete emotion that receives a great deal of attention because it promotes students’ interest and engagement. However, the implications of students’ negative emotions toward PE remain less clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine relationships between students’ negative emotions including shame, boredom, and anger in PE and self-reported disruptive behavior, leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time. Middle school students ( N = 401) completed surveys on all study variables seven weeks apart. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity and reliability of students’ reports of negative emotions and behaviors across two time points. A cross-lagged design using structural equation modeling tested relationships between emotions and behavioral outcomes. Shame related to higher reports of future disruptive and sedentary behaviors and lower reports of leisure time MVPA. Boredom also related to lower reports of future leisure time MVPA. Lastly, anger related to higher reports of future disruptive behavior but lower reports of sedentary behavior. Each negative emotion produced unique relationship patterns that generally underscored undesirable student behaviors. Evaluating discrete emotions can highlight information regarding students’ action tendencies. Understanding relationships between negative emotions and their resulting behaviors may help inform interventions and best teacher practices in PE. Overall, physical education teachers need to be aware of students’ negative emotions and make pedagogical and content-related decisions to improve students’ subjective experiences.
What is health-related fitness? Investigating the underlying factor structure of fitness in youth
Authors: Britton Úna , Issartel Johann , Fahey Gerry , Conyngham Gerry , Belton Sarahjane
Published: October 2019

Health-related fitness (HRF) is theoretically defined as a multidimensional construct containing the components cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition. Given the range of field-based HRF tests available, health practitioners face a difficult task in selecting tests that best reflect the HRF construct as defined in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the underlying factor structure of the theoretical HRF construct with a view to identifying field-based tests representative of HRF in youth. Participants were 261 children (53% female, 47% male; mean age 12.22 ± 0.48 years). Indicators of four fitness components (20m shuttle run, curl-ups, push-ups, horizontal jump, vertical jump, handgrip, and modified back-saver sit-and-reach) were measured. Confirmatory factor analysis of the four-component model revealed a low contribution of flexibility (.10) to the overall model, leading to its removal. The subsequent three-component model showed better fit across all fit statistics (NFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA, SRMR). Analysis of indicator loadings led to the removal of handgrip (.37), further improving model fit. The reduced three-component model was re-specified as a first-order model containing five indicators, and showed the best fit (NFI, CFI, SRMR). These findings suggest that a fitness construct in youth is adequately represented by three HRF components included in the theoretical definition (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance). These components load onto the same construct and can be tested using five tests (20m shuttle run, curl-ups, push-ups, horizontal jump, vertical jump) suitable for field-based research.