bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMBUSTION SPRAY COCONUT OIL AND JATROPHA OIL
Authors: Wibowo Agus , Wardana I. N. G , Wahyudi Slamet , Widhi Yanuriyawan Denny
Published: May 2016

The negative influence of fossil fuels and the limited supply of fossil fuels to encourage researchers are looking for alternative fuels to renewable energy, namely coconut oil and jatropha oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of the combustion flame spray on burning long, wide combustion and combustion stage by studying the experimental results of burning coconut oil and jatropha oil, camera recording video at 420 fps in the spray nozzle tester with 1900 psi pressure. The results of the comparative analysis, combustion spray seed oil kapok better than castor oil, this is indicated in the data there is a difference of 20.73% the length of the combustion spray maximum of coconut oil than jatropha oil, the burning of coconut oil reach flames maximum is 164 cm and oils a distance of 130 cm, for width measurement obtained difference of 23.60% a wide range of flame spray a maximum of coconut oil than jatropha oil, coconut oil range of flame spray a maximum of 33.7 cm and jatropha oil is 28.8 cm, and the results of the analysis phase of burning, coconut oil occurs twice burning while the jatropha oil are three stages of combustion.
THE INFLUENCE OF VERTICAL GARDEN APPLICATION ON HOUSE EXTERIOR TO ROOM TEMPERATURE
Authors: Woro Murtini Titin , Rochma Harani Arnis
Published: May 2016

The decrease of green areas around houses leads to the increase of both in-house and out-house temperature. The development of garden nowadays brings people into developing vertical gardens to fulfill the needs of green areas. The existence of vertical gardens causes many impacts. One of them is the impact toward the temperature. However, further research is needed to determine the level of this impact. This journal aims to find the influence of exterior vertical gardens toward air temperature. This is a descriptive qualitative case study with several houses as the samples. The houses chosen as the samples are those with and without exterior vertical gardens located within similar air temperature environment. In this study, the measurement is not only conducted in the real houses chosen as the samples but also in the models of houses. Based on the results of the study, it is found that the application of vertical garden on house exterior does not only enhance esthetic values of the house but can also become the solution for the limited open green space. Moreover, the vertical garden is also functioned as natural air cooler; the decrease of the temperature in each house depends on the size of vertical garden it has.
STAND AGE MODEL FOR MAPPING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBER TREE USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA IN KEDAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: Ash Shidiq Iqbal Putut , Ismail Mohd Hasmadi
Published: May 2016

This study attempt to develop stand age model of rubber tree by using remote sensing data. Rubber tree is one of the important biomass that has been considered as the essential part in global warming reduction plan due to its beneficial carbon sequestration capability. The spatial distribution of rubber tree based on different age was most highlighted as the focus of this study. Felda Lubuk Merbau in state of Kedah has been selected as a study area and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS data was utilized to map rubber tree and differentiate them based on age group. The relationship between vegetation indices namely NDVI, SAVI and EVI to different age stages of rubber tree were discussed.
TRANSMITTING GPS AS TEXT FORM THROUGH WIRELESS ON DRONE 2.0
Authors: Pujud Kurniawan Aris , Andriana Mutiara Giva , Indah Hapsari Gita
Published: May 2016

AR Drone 2.0 is a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle used in the field of research. AR Drone 2.0 has a camera and IMU sensors, so it can be used to get visual data from air which hardly done by human. Unmanned aerial vehicle requires GPS (Global Positioning System) so that the pilot can control it remotely as well as to support automatic fly without pilot. While GPS data are supported by AR Drone 2.0 it still needs data conversion process due to the difference in data protocol which is used between the Drone and the GPS. This conversion process required processor or controller to process the data. Integration of GPS with AR Drone using controller also allows drone to run for automatic control. In addition, GPS data will also be sent information of latitude and longitude to computer so that the pilot can determine the current position when AR Drone is flying. The GPS system used for this design can be developed further in the future because it is open source.Â Â
NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUND FROM MORINGA OLEIFERAAGAINST CANCER BASED ON IN SILICO SCREENING
Authors: Pangastuti Ardini , Amin Ihya Fakhrurizal , Amin Ahya Zhilalikbar , Amin Mohammad
Published: May 2016

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. More than 10 million people worldwide are expected to be diagnosed with cancer, a disease commonly believed to be preventable. Moringa oleifera is one of the well known as a local plant as food and health plant in Indonesia. Anticancer is one of potential treatment found in Moringa oleifera seed, leaves, and pods extracts. This study aimed to discover natural bioactivity compound from Moringa oleifera for anticancer. Niazimicin is one of bioactive compound found in Moringa oleifera reported have potent antitumor promoting activity. The bioinformatics tool used in this study were: Pubchem compound database, protein target prediction database Pharmmapper and Chemmapper, molecular docking software PyRx 0,8, ligand docking and binding site analysis with PyMOL and LigPlus software. To check for compound’s drug-likeness were applied using DruLiTo software. Based on our previous steps, we found that niazimicin interacted with glycosyltransferase via hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Niazimicin is the best Glycosiltransferase inhibitor based on binding afinity (-7,3 kcal/mol) that is more negative than existing glycosiltransferase inhibitor, such as tert-Butyl 4-(5-formyl-2-thienyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, sialic acid and fucose. According to Lipinski's rule parameter we discover that Niazimicin is a potential anticancer drug.
CIRCULATING CLONES OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (CA-MRSA) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA IN THE PAST 11 YEARS (2002-2013)
Authors: Setiawan A. M.
Published: May 2016

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most complicated problems in infection control and disease prevention. Imported strains or group of similar strains called clones were introduced from other states within Australia and also from other countries. Western Australia (WA) MRSA clones known to be the most predominant clones circulating in Western Australia (WA). However, MRSA strains originally from other states and countries outside Australia (imported) have increased in number in the last decades. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of CA MRSA clones in Western Australia for the past 11 yearâ€™s period (2003-2013). There were 10 predominant clones of CA-MRSA circulating in WA with WA MRSA-1 (32,82%), Queensland (22,67 %) and WA MRSA-2 (22,67 %) clones as the top three predominant clones. The percentage of PVL positive CA-MRSA clones such as Queensland (Qld) clone has been increasing significantly (R2=0,67) from 2,38 % in 2002 to 25,69% in 2013. In contrast, the percentages of two major PVL negative clones, WA MRSA-1 and WA MRSA 2, have been decreasing nearly by half from 52,38 % to 27,71 % and 30,95 % to 16,59 % respectively in the last 11 years. PVL positive clones have been introduced in WA from other states and overseas in the last eleven years. Due to the virulence factor of PVL toxin, the emergence of PVL positive CA-MRSA should be considered as public health concerns.
INVESTIGATION ON PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SNO2-MGO NANO-COMPOSITE AT DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS MIXINGS
Authors: Rani E. , Hastuti E. , Fitriya L. N. , Ningtyas L. S.
Published: May 2016

SnO2­ is semiconductor material widely used such as in transparent conducting oxide (TCOs), solar cell, electronic devices and sensors. MgO is a material widely used as absorber. This paper investigated physical and optical properties of SnO2-MgOnanocomposite at different composition mixings. SnO2 and MgO nanoparticlewere prepared and synthesized with simple mixing method. The composition mixing ratio of SnO2-MgO were 0:10; 3:7; 5:5; 7:3; and 10:0 (%wt). It was proven than the SnO2-MgOmixings able to improve absorbance value especially for variation mixing of 3SnO2: 7 MgO. It was obtained the highest absorbance in the range of 0.7-1.5 a.uat visible spectra. On the contrary its transmittance attained the lowest comparing to other samples. The optical band-gap energy for indirect transition was the lowest in amount of 4.37-5.58eV. Its extinction coefficient tended to decline with the increasing wavelength. At this compositions mixing, extinction coefficient reached the highest. In addition MgSnO3 and Mg2SnO4 phase was detected as new phase with the lowest grain size (17.82274 nm). It can be said that the variation mixing of 3SnO2: 7MgO can be a good absorber.
CRASH ENERGY ABSORPTION OF MULTI-SEGMENTS CRASH BOX UNDER FRONTAL LOAD
Authors: Choiron Moch. Agus , Purnowidodo Anindito , Siswanto Eko , Hidayati Nafisah Arina
Published: May 2016

Crash box designs have been developed in order to obtain the optimum crashworthiness performance. Circular cross section is first investigated with one segment design, it rather influenced by its length which is being sensitive to the buckling occurrence. In this study, the crash box with multi-segments design is investigated and the deformation behavior and crash energy absorption are observed.  The crash box modelling is performed by finite element analysis on cylindrical crash box with multi segments design. The numbers of crash box segments used in this investigation are two segments, three segments with a sequence diameter and three segments with alternating diameter. The crash test components were impactor, crash box, and fixed rigid base. Impactor and the fixed base material are modelled as a rigid, and crash box material as bilinear isotropic hardening. Crash box length of 100 mm and frontal crash velocity of 16 km/jam are selected. Crash box material of Aluminum Alloy is used. Based on simulation results, it can be shown that three segments crash box with alternating diameter design has the largest crash energy absorption. From deformation pattern has showed that three segments crash box absorbs low energy at the beginning of crashing. Energy absorption start increased at the boundary area of the first, second and three segments as a result of increasing inertia where critical load has increased hence buckling phenomenon could be minimized.
HYDROXYAPATITE-SUPPORTED TRI-METALLIC CATALYST FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM STEAM REFORMING OF GLYCEROL
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Yaakob Zahira , Puspasari Ifa , Wan Daud Wan Ramli
Published: May 2016

Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel industry that has high economic value to produce hydrogen as an energy source. The selection of catalyst support for active metal catalyst in hydrogen production is a major concern since it affects the activity of metal catalyst during the steam reforming process of glycerol. Besides that, bio-based material as catalyst support provides attractive choice as it is more environmentally friendly. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) as support material for tri-metallic catalyst Ni-Ce-Cu was prepared using deposition-precipitation method and used in steam reforming reaction of glycerol to produce hydrogen. The catalyst prepared was characterized by BET, FE-SEM, EDX, and TEM. The catalytic activity tests were conducted at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 400 – 600 oC in a tubular micro-reactor. Glycerol-water ratios used were 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16. It was found that the highest hydrogen yield (55.0%) was obtained at temperature of 600 oC and glycerol-water ratio of 1: 8 with glycerol conversion of 94.0%.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF 2-SPAN CONTINUOUS RC BEAMS SHEAR STRENGTHENED AND SHEAR REPAIRED WITH CFRP STRIPS
Authors: Abdul Samad Abdul Aziz , Ali Noorwirdawati , Mohamad Noridah , Jayaprakash J. , Duc Ngo Tuan , Mendis Priyan
Published: May 2016

Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams in shear have received very little attention among researchers even though most existing structures are in the form of continuous condition such as part of a floor-beam system. Therefore, in order to address the gap, a study on shear strengthening and shear repair of reinforced concrete continuous beam using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips was conducted [15].  The validation of the experimental results was conducted with a simulation study using a finite element software ATENA v4 [16].  The research variables were number of layers of CFRP strips (one or two layers), wrapping schemes (four sides or three sides) and orientation of CFRP strips (0/90 or 45/135 degree’s). From the analysis of the finite element results, ATENA shows it has successfully simulated the shear behaviour of strengthened and repaired of 2-span continuous RC beams externally bonded by CFRP strips.
SHEAR MECHANISM AND SHEAR STRENGTH PREDICTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE T-BEAMS
Authors: Abdul Samad Abdul Aziz , Mohamad Noridah , Hail al-Qershi Mohammed Anwar , Jayaprakash J. , Mendis Priyan
Published: May 2016

Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams are sudden failures and should be avoided at all times. However, the shear behaviour of a reinforced concrete beam is a complex mechanism and requires in-depth study. To understand the shear mechanism, two (2) simply supported reinforced concrete T-beams, BEAM1 and BEAM2 were tested until failure subjected to a 4-point bending test. Both beams were designed to the recommendations and specifications of two (2) established design codes by ACI318-08 and Eurocode2 (EC2). The study comprises of two reinforced concrete T-beams having similar variables and parameters with longitudinal reinforcement of ρ = 2.15% and shear span-to-effective depth ratio (av/d) of 3.5. Shear reinforcement or stirrups has been added to the specimen and its spacing of stirrups has been provided with the provisions of the codes. The findings from the study indicate that ACI318-08 and EC2 design codes shows significant differences in determining its shear strength capacity Vn and concrete shear resistance Vcof the T-beams. However, both results were less conservative in its prediction when compared to the experimental results.
MINIMAL GEOLOGICAL DATA FOR MODELLING COMPLEX HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEM USING GIS
Authors: Jani Janmaizatulriah , N. Lerner David , Wise Steve
Published: May 2016

Geological model is part of groundwater modelling processes. 3D geological models such as GSI3D and GOCAD are used extensively for modelling subsurface geology. These models require multiple input datasets from boreholes, geology maps, and geophysical data. However, due to insufficient definitive data, widely spaced data points that are interpolated were usually used for representation of a geological unit. Since the requirement of extensive data is always the main issue, a geological model is only applied for an area with sufficient data. In this study, minimal and accessible spatial datasets were used in the model for representation of the geological unit. These datasets were chosen to allow the model to be applied in areas of limited datasets. Via the GIS platform, the methodology was developed for the representation of geology in particular the aquifer unit. The raster surface of the geological layer was created in GIS using the information of dip, strike and faults displacement taken from the geological map. The developed GIS based geological model is capable of viewing a geological cross section, modelling the thickness and outcrop boundary of an aquifer unit. The model was tested by reconstruction of the geology map for the Slea catchment, in the United Kingdom and prediction of the thickness of the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer.
FABRICATION OF UNFIRED BRICKS FROM INDUSTRIAL SCHEDULED WASTE (WWTS)
Authors: Othman Umul Masikin Othman , Rahmat Mohamad Nidzam
Published: May 2016

Manufacturing industries produce wastes or secondary products, in which it has a direct impact to the environment. The storage of such wastes remains at the disposal would pollute the air, water resource and agricultural fields. There is a huge opportunity for recycling and it uses large quantities of wastes to minimize the environmental impact. This paper investigates the effect of utilization Wastewater Treatment sludge (WWTs) blended with Laterite Clay (LC) at 50:50 ratio to produce unfired bricks. These target materials were stabilized using Hydrated Lime (HL), Portland cement (PC) on its own and combination of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), HL:GGBS and PC:GGBS both (50:50 and 70:30 ratio) at 10%, 20% and 30% stabilizer dosage. Compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test were conducted and compared with the relevant standards. It was found that it is feasible to utilize WWTs as unfired bricks from the economical and environmental point of view as it will conserve natural resource, protect the environment from waste disposal, and produce a low cost, low carbon construction components.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MALAYSIAN GOVERMENT INITIATIVES IN MANAGING CONSTRUCTION WASTE
Authors: Sa’adi Nurzalikha , Ismail Zulhabri , Makmor Maisarah , Ahmad Zawawi Emma Marinie
Published: May 2016

Construction is one of the industries that able to generate wealth to the country and also contributes to the development of social and economic infrastructure. Lack of implementation of waste management practice in construction site is one of the problems to the construction industry in reducing environmental impacts and dumping areas. A higher demand for new developments causes the increase of construction activities which results in a significant impact on the environment. Hence, the aim of this paper is to highlight the Malaysian government strategies in the implementation of initiatives on construction waste management in Malaysia. In accordance with the stated aim, this paper intends to explore the initiatives implementation by the governing authorities to manage construction waste in Malaysia. This paper presents the implementation of Malaysian government initiatives in managing construction waste. The qualitative research method was applied to explore the existing implementation by the government in order to manage construction waste. Results indicates that the obligations of governing authorities in implementing the initiatives pertaining to construction waste management is inconsistent.
IMPACT OF DISASTER TO PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION OGRANISATIONS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abu Talib Iffah Farhana , Takim Roshana , Nawawi Abdul Hadi , Hassan Padzil @ Fadzil
Published: May 2016

Disaster events tend to affect construction organisations in the entire community. In the recent years, with the intensity and frequency of disaster occurrences in Malaysia, the impact of disaster could destruct construction organisational business, assets and properties. For instance, flood occurrence in 2011, has affected the double track construction project in Malaysia resulting time overrun for a period of 18 months and financial loss of ringgit Malaysia 150 million to private construction organisations. Based on the 11th Malaysian Plan (Strategy Paper 11: Climate Resilient Development), construction organisations are recommended to identify the disaster impacts to prepare for disaster occurrences. Hence, the objective are: to investigate vulnerable factors of disaster (pre-event) and to distinguish the key areas of disaster impacts (post-event) for private construction organisations in Malaysia. The initial research starts with literature review from various scholars on key areas of disaster impact and disaster impact model. The next stage is conducting preliminary data survey among seven private construction organisations involved in disasters. The findings revealed that in Malaysia, social and environmental vulnerabilities are prominent elements in the pre-event phase of disaster impact. Subsequently, the Malaysian private construction organisations selected four (4) key areas of disaster impact to be the utmost critical at the post-event phase. These are people: reputation; information and communication; and finance. The outcomes of the research would provide valuable insight to the private construction organisations in Malaysia in reducing impacts to any kind of disaster and to sustain the business efficacy in the long run.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BAR FORMATION IN SAND BED CHANNEL
Authors: Tholibon Duratul Ain , Ariffin Junaidah , Abdullah Jazuri , Idrus Juliana
Published: May 2016

A large number of studies both theoretical and experimental have been devoted to understand the physical mechanisms underlying the bar formation. This can be investigated by carrying out an experimental work in an erodible sand bed channel using a large-scale physical river model. The study included the various hydraulic characteristics with steady flow rates and sediment supply. An experimental work consists of four matrices of flow rate and channel width with other variables namely grains size and bed slope were kept constant. Details of bar profile development that generated using Surfer, a software used for 3D elevation plots are included.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF SAFETY RISKS FACTORS IN THE HIGH RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Md Sofwan Nurzawani , Ahmad Zaini Afzan , Mahayuddin Siti Akhtar
Published: May 2016

The construction industry is one of the risky workplaces attributable to its complexity and dynamic nature of construction activities. High rise building construction remains predominant for high accident rates counted yearly. A site-specific assessment tool that considers the characteristics and changeable conditions of the currently managed construction site is necessary to precisely assess safety risks. Therefore, this study aims to address the significant safety risks and principal factors associated with the high rise building construction projects in Malaysia. Responses obtained within the construction management personnel are evaluated using factor analysis to understand the latent critical risk factors. Preliminary findings suggest that all safety risks are significant and working environment is identified as the most critical principal factor which consists of diverse underlying safety risks with high loading factors. Successful investigations of the study will lead to the development of a high rise building construction safety and health risk model. From the practical view, these findings should assist the high rise construction project participants to be more attentive to health and safety issues.
MODERN TURBO-ROUNDABOUTS AND THEIR DESIGNING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Patočka Miroslav , Smělý Martin
Published: May 2016

Even though the turbo roundabouts have been designed in the Czech Republic since the beginning of this century, until the middle of 2015, there was no national regulation which would describe the way of their construction. As a result of this, there are only 10 turbo-roundabouts with various widths of design elements and different traffic signs in the Czech Republic now. From this number there are some that even cannot be considered a turbo-roundabout. The aim of this paper is to present the results we gained within the research project and to present readers with the approach to the construction of geometry of turbo-roundabouts in the conditions of Czech road network and existing legislation and standards.
RETROFITTING PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE WAY SLAB
Authors: Mohd Amin Norliyati , Aziz Nur Aqilah , Joohari Ilya , Alisibramulisi Anizahyati
Published: May 2016

Cracks in concrete structure have always been a big threat on the strength of the concrete. Crack is one of the common deterioration observed in reinforced concrete beams and slabs. Concrete cracking is a random process, highly variable and influenced by many factors. To restore the structural capacity of the concrete damages, retrofitting and strengthening are required. There are several techniques that are used for retrofitting and strengthening reported in the literature [1], [2], [3]. This paper investigates the strength performance of retrofitting and strengthening methods of reinforced concrete one-way slab. Flexural bending test are performed on three different concrete slab of size 1000 mm x 500 mm x 75 mm. The methods that are used for retrofit are epoxy injection and patching and for the strengthening is lamination of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The slabs were loaded to a certain stage where the cracks were formed for retrofitting and strengthening procedure. The achieved failure mode and load capacity of the concrete slab were observed. The repaired techniques for restoring and improving the structural capacity of cracked concrete slabs were analyzed. The ultimate load achieved for the epoxy injection laminate was 19.60 kN followed by CFRP laminate and patching that were 17.64 kN and 17.03 kN respectively. While the deflection value for the three specimens were 14.42 mm, 4.49 mm and 7.036 mm.
POSSIBILITIES OF DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL DOSAGE OF POWER PLANT FLY ASH FOR CONCRETE
Authors: Hela Rudolf , Tazky Martin , Bodnarova Lenka
Published: May 2016

The paper describes possibilities of making use of high temperature combustion fly ash for production of concrete more effective. Efforts for maximal utilization of high temperature combustion fly ash are supported by high production of fly ash worldwide. Use of high temperature fly ash for concrete has to take into account considerably lower speed of hydration reactions compared to pure Portland cement. The paper states results of experimental determination of optimal dosage of fly ash as partial replacement of cement. Dosage of fly ash for production of concrete was optimized. Test results proved positive effect of dosage of fly ash with respect to granulometry of used cement and fly ash. Taking granulometry of fly ash and cement into consideration improves physico-mechanical properties of concrete compared to concrete with fly ash designed standardly without considering granulometry.
UPTAKE BEHAVIOR OF ARSENATE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING FERRIC-COATED MESOPOROUS CERAMIC ADSORBENT
Authors: Te Borano , Wichitsathian Boonchai , Yossapol Chatpet
Published: May 2016

Broken mesoporous ceramic filter was reutilized by coating with ferric solution through a simple loading method enhanced with heating at a moderate temperature for arsenate uptake from aqueous solution. BET, XRF, XRD, and SEM methods were applied for the adsorbent characterization. The adsorption study was conducted in a batch mode to investigate kinetics, isotherms, and the effect of solution pH and co-existing anions. The pseudo-second order kinetic model well fitted the experimental data (R2 = 0.9997). The maximum arsenate adsorption capacity (2.27 mg/g) was derived from the better described Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9992). The adsorbent expressed high arsenate adsorption capacity over a pH range of 4-10. The uptake behavior is a favorable and physical adsorption process based on the value of separation factor and mean sorption energy.  The presence of co-existing anions decreased the arsenate adsorption capacity in the following order: NO3-< SO42- < PO43-. The new ferric-coated mesoporous ceramic adsorbent could be an effective and low-cost adsorbent for arsenate removal from water.
A SPATIAL CLUSTERING APPROACH TO IDENTIFY RISK AREAS OF DENGUE INFECTION AFTER INSECTICIDE SPRAYING
Authors: Sudsom Napadol , Thammapalo Suwich , Pengsakul Theerakamol , Techato Kuaanan
Published: May 2016

This study aims to demonstrate a spatial clustering approach for identifying risk households of dengue virus infection during the period of insecticide spraying-ultra low volume (ULV). All households located within 100 m radius of spraying area were recorded with geographic coordinates and divide into three groups of spraying (unsprayed, only outdoor and indoor plus outdoor sprayed house). A total of 45 households with geographic coordinates, were randomly selected to monitor ovitrap index, the percentage of positive ovitraps and the number of eggs per trap, in pre- and post-ULV spraying. Application of spatial analyst tools and spatial statistics tools in ArcGIS 10.1 were used to determine mosquito density and identify risk households using ovitrap index. The prediction maps of Aedes aegypti vector abundance were illustrated by kriging technique. Base on the results, the cluster of Ae. aegypti populations were detected on four day after the spraying. This finding shows the significant spatial pattern of dengue vector populations which may cause high risk areas of dengue virus infection after insecticide treatment. This methodological framework could be used for improving the strategy of dengue vector and outbreak control. The spatial association between dengue vector and the coverage of space spraying requires further study.
DELAY OF AS-BUILT DRAWINGS SUBMISSION FOR MALAYSIAN TOLL HIGHWAY
Authors: S. R. Mohd Nasir, , Z. Zahari, , C. M. Mat Isa, , C. K. Che Ibrahim,
Published: May 2016

Construction projects are difficult to be built exactly as stipulated in the original contract or construction drawings. Most of this agreement requires As-Built Drawings (ABD which represent construction modifications. Despite of the importance of ABDs, producing accurate and timely ABDs have been persistent problem in the construction industry including toll highway construction. This paper provides an integrated approach in analysing the influence factors to the delay of ABDs submission for Malaysian toll highway. A questionnaire survey was conducted to solicit the factors from authority, concessionaire/contractor and consultant viewpoint. This study identified the major factors that influence submission of ABDs. Factor Analysis is conducted in order to study the items correlation. The perspective of authority, concessionaire/ contractor and consultant has been analysed and ranked based on Relative Importance Index (RII). The findings indicate that six (6) component were classified as a  delay factors in submission of ABDs which includes: (1) field personnel skills and tools (2) data collection process skill (3) planning and coordination skills by project management team (4) financial capabilities (5) personnel interpersonal skills and competency (6) client related factor. The findings provide a conceptual studies in developing the submission framework for future research.
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF KNEMA GLAUCA LEAF EXTRACT TOWARD INHIBITIONS OF Α-AMYLASE AND Α-GLUCOSIDASE ASSAYS
Authors: Mohd Jaafar Faridahanim , Mohamad Ridhwan Mohamad Jemain , Mustapha Nik Musa’adah , Alias Asmah , Ismail Nor Hadiani
Published: May 2016

This study was part of our preliminary work in the search for biologically active compounds from endemic plants of Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia. Postprandial hyperglycaemia is linked to the development of diabetes complications such as micro and macro vascular diseases. Inhibitions of carbohydrate digestive key enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase using plant extracts are possible therapeutic strategies to suppress postprandial hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the dichloromethane leaf extract of Knema glauca (DLKG) in vitro and in vivo α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The antidiabetic property of DLKG was investigated by using in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assays. The effects of DLKG on oral starch and sucrose challenge tests were investigated by administering 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract to normal and diabetic rats. DLKG demonstrated potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 1.26 and 4.09 µg/ml, respectively. In the oral starch challenge test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic rats. On the other hand, DLKG showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of blood glucose levels in normal rats in the oral sucrose challenge test. The results showed that the leaves of K. glauca possessed a beneficial effect in reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia and have potential as an alternative antidiabetic agent.
THE CHALLENGES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Mohd Nasir S. R. , Othman N. H. , Mat Isa C. M. , Che Ibrahim C. K.
Published: May 2016

Rapid growth in construction activities in Kuala Lumpur resulted in increasing of construction waste problems. Construction waste gives a negative impact to the environment, cost, time, productivity and social of the country. This paper studies the challenges of construction waste management faced by the contractors undertake projects in Kuala Lumpur. Eighty five (85) numbers of questionnaires were distributed to various groups of respondents which include main contractors, registered contractor for collection of waste, Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) officers and Solid Waste Corporation (SWCorp) officers.  Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis, mean ranking analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and factor analysis are among the analysis used in this study. In addition correlation test were also conducted to establish the correlation between the factors. The result shows that the factor influenced in successful implementation of Construction waste management (CWM) for DBKL projects are internal factor, management factors, local authority factor and law regulation. The findings also show that the barrier in implementing CWM in DBKL projects is due to the lack of authority to monitor the management of construction waste on site.  The findings of this study highlight the scenario of the current CWM for projects in Kuala Lumpur and thus, provide the recommendation in improving the CWM in Kuala Lumpur.
FABRICATION OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE USING ADDTIVE TO EXTRACT HORMONE FROM POULTRY WASTEWATER
Authors: Mazlan Wan Suriatty , Mokhtar Hamizah , Abdul Hamid Noor Sa’adah , Mohd Tajuddin Ramlah
Published: May 2016

Steroidal hormones such as 17β-estradiol produced by humans and animals are regularly being released into the environment in their active forms. As the demand of chicken is increasing nowadays, there is a need to evaluate and assess the concentration of hormones in the poultry wastewater. In this study, a simple ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated to extract the hormones in the poultry wastewater from Kuala Garing, Rawang Selangor. Self-doped, sulfonated forms of polyaniline-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PANi-PVP) are blend into polysulfone (PSf) and N- methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) ultrafiltration membranes to enhance the hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. The Sulfonated Polyaniline-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (SPANi-PVP) polymer was dedoped at varying concentrations of PANi-PVP additive. Their concentrations vary from 0.5% of PANi-PVP, 1% PANi-PVP, 1.5% PANi-PVP, 2% PANi-PVP to 2.5% PANi-PVP. These newly fabricated ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes which containing increasing amounts of PANi-PVP was than tested for tap water permeability and hormone 17β-estradiol filtration from the poultry wastewater. The result of the study justify that, as the PANi-PVP concentration increased, the rejection of solute increased while the permeate flux decreased. The highest rejection of 17β- estradiol (E2) from the poultry wastewater was 92.5% with the mass of 17β- estradiol retained is 0.37ng/L. This was obtained from the highest amount of PANi-PVP concentration in the membrane which is 2.5wt%. However, the permeate flux for this 2.5wt% of PANi-PVP membrane was to slow compared to other membranes that has lower amount of PANi-PVP concentration. This is due to the higher the PANi-PVP concentration, a thicker and denser membrane skin layer was formed.
WATER QUALITY OBSERVATION ON JOHOR RIVER ESTUARY AND EAST TEBRAU STRAIT, MALAYSIA
Authors: Othman Zulhafizal , Ab. Wahid Marfiah , Lee Wei-Koon , Mohamed Basri Zummy Dahri
Published: May 2016

Coastal reclamation activities on the coastline of Johor, which are underway seen to be affecting the quality of coastal waters and rivers nearby. Therefore, this study was undertaken to monitor and identify the extent to which the assumptions say that the water quality will be affected by the results of the coastal reclamation activities. After a couple of water sampling locations are identified, reading the parameters of water quality were conducted. The results of the monitoring conducted found that the water qualities in that area are in good condition.
COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE GLULAM TIMBER REINFORCED BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH LAMINA
Authors: Ali Chew Amirah , Abdul Rahim Nurul Syakinah , Mohd Yasim Nurul Hawa Fatin , Hassan Rohana
Published: May 2016

The use of GFRP sheet as reinforcement in Mengkulang glulam timber is considered to be particularly promising, since the durability of Mengkulang glulam is improved and the application is easier and faster due to lightweight properties of GFRP. Fiber reinforced polymers incorporated with glulam provide significant gains in strength and stiffness, as well as modify the rupture mode of these structural elements. In this study, compression test was carried out on two types of specimen, reinforced and unreinforced Mengkulang glulam block. Size of Mengkulang glulam block is 120 mm x 120 mm x 120 mm. For reinforced glulam block, GFRP sheet was placed between the first and second layer, third and fourth layer of lamina. The compression load was applied perpendicularly to the timber grain. Compression test is carried out using Universal Testing Machine (UTM 1000kN). Consequently it has been noted that by layering GFRP sheet between lamina could increase the compression strength of glulam to resist load. Significant differences between unreinforced and reinforced specimens are 12.6 percent. The highest average compressive strength of reinforced and unreinforced glulam is 11154.05 kN/m2 and 9808.75 kN/m2 respectively.
PULL OUT STRENGTH FOR DIFFERENT SIZE OF DOWEL AND GRAIN DIRECTION OF GLULAM
Authors: Raja Hussin Tengku Anita , Jinne Mohamad Iswandi , Hassan Rohana
Published: May 2016

This paper presents an experimental program for testing glued-in dowel glulam timber joints. Hundred thirty glulam specimens, each with a single glued-in rebar parallel to the grain and perpendicular to grain with different size of dowels 12mm, 16mm and 20mm were tested to evaluate the effects of anchorage length and different dowel diameter for parallel and perpendicular to the grain on pull-out strength and bond behaviour of glued-in rebar timber joints. The test results showed that the maximum load for specimen with dowel glued-in parallel to the grain given the higher maximum load than dowel glued-in perpendicular to the grain direction. Failure modes were characterized by pull out failure in the mode of adhesive-dowel, yet one sample failed in timber-adhesive mode. This might happened because the surface of the timber was burned by drilling machine during the drilling process. The pull-out was tested with different thickness grain direction with different dowel size with a rate of 2mm/min and the failure modes were observed after the testing of pull-out test. PRF is the adhesive used for the strengthening purposes. Resistance to the withdrawal of dowels glued-in perpendicularly was 44.2% to 53.5 % lower than that obtained for dowels glued-in parallel to the grain direction. The result shows that the dowel glued-in parallel to the grain given the higher maximum load than dowel glued-in perpendicular to the grain direction.
HEAVY METAL IN PM10 IN THE BUILDINGS OF CHIANG MAI PROVINCE DURING SMOG CRISIS
Authors: Thongsanit Pajaree , Srirattana Supawan
Published: May 2016

The objective of this research is to study of concentration of heavy metals such as manganese, copper, iron, silver; cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead in particulate matter size smaller than 10 micron (PM10) samples were collected from five building in Chiang Mai province during smog crisis. The PM10 samples were collected by a PM10 low volume air sampler dust with the flow rate 1.7 liter per minute. The sampling time was set 8 hours for each sample according to the sampling from December 2012 to May 2013. The composite elements, i.e., Manganese (Mn) Copper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Silver (Ag) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS).  It was found that the indoor dust value of 12.25-171.57 microgram per square meter per day.  The most of indoor dust samples were not exceeded the standard value of 150 microgram per cubic meter. The heavy metal concentration were not exceeded the air quality standard value.
UWB RECTANGULAR SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA IN PROXIMITY OF HUMAN ARM MODEL
Authors: Noor Azizi Muhammad Syafiq , Salleh Azahari , Othman Adib , Mohamad Najmiah Radiah , Aris Nor Azlan , Abu Maisarah , Hassan Nornikman , Ramli Mohamad Hafize , Ngelayang Thailis Bounya
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we study behavior of Ultra wideband antenna which is Rectangular Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna. Then, the antenna operated in proximity of human arm model. Furthermore, the antenna is designed on a FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3 and thickness 1.6 mm. This antenna simulated in CST Microwave Studio software. In order to test the antenna, an arm model was numerically modelled. The study shows properties and performances of antenna when it is placed in three situations which in free space, outside and inside of human arm model. The properties of UWB antenna in term of return loss, gain, directivity and radiation pattern in the three situations is simulated and discussed.
JET EROSION DEVICE (JED) – MEASUREMENT OF SOIL ERODIBILITY COEFFICIENTS
Authors: Ibrahim Saerahany Legori , Ariffin Junaidah , Abdullah Jazuri , Muhamad Noor Safwan
Published: May 2016

Erosion from riverbank is most properly represented by the erodibility factor. One of the methods that can be used for in situ soil erodibility testing is the submerged jet test called Jet Erosion Test (JET). In this study, a newly modified version of the JET device namely Jet Erosion Device (JEd) is fabricated, with improved features and design that facilitates testing in the field and the laboratory. Analysis and calibration of the JEd tests were conducted to check on the reliability and performance of the Jet Erosion Device (JEd). Some preliminary results were shown to give some insights on the capabilities of the JEd. An evaluation of the erosion performance index i.e. jet index was performed to characterize the erosion resistance. The estimation of erodibility coefficients were made using the results of jet index obtained.
THE PRODUCTION OF BIOHYDROGEN AND BIOMETHANE FROM CASSAVA WASTEWATER UNDER MESOPHILIC ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION BY USING UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTORS (UASB)
Authors: Intanoo Patcharee , Chavadej Sumaeth , Khongsumran Oijai
Published: May 2016

The main objective was to separately generate biohydrogen (H2) and biomethane (CH4) with the cassava wastewater via the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB) under the mesophilic temperature (37 ºC). For the first part, the production of H2, the controlled system was managed on the fixed temperature (37 º C) and pH (5.5) included the varied organic concentration in term of chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates. As the proper COD loading rate of 25 kg/m3 d, H2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) were mainly generated gases which provided the highest specific H2 production rate of 0.39 l H2/l d and the highest H2 yield of 39.83 l H2/kg COD removed. For the second part, the effluent liquid that generated from the stage of H2 production on COD loading rate of 25 kg/m3 d was fed to the UASB with the fixed temperature (37 °C) and no pH control. The highest specific CH4 production rate of 0.91 l CH4/l d and the highest CH4 yield of 115.23 l CH4/kg COD removed were shown on the proper COD loading rate of 8 kg/m3 d.
IN VITRO HAEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY OF RHODOMYRTUS TOMENTOSA (AITON) HASSK. AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Adli Norizzaty , Abu Mohd Nazri , Mastuki Mohd Fahmi , Wan Yusoff Wan Shahriman Yushdie , Kamarudin Evana
Published: May 2016

Potential of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as a native anticoagulant been tested by evaluating the possible haemostatic effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa aqueous leaf extract in vitro. In vitro coagulation assays such as Thrombin time (TT), Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests were performed on normal coagulation control plasma spiked with different concentrations of the leaf extract (10 – 100%). Total tannin and flavonoid for all different concentrations of leaf extract was measured using spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnet’s and Pearson’s correlation. The results showed that TT, PT and APTT of normal coagulation control plasma spiked with extract were markedly prolonged. A significant anticoagulant (p < 0.05) showed by PT was at lowest concentration (10%), TT was at concentration 50 – 100% and APTT was at concentration 80% - 100%. The clotting times for TT, PT and APTT were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with total tannin and flavonoid. In summary, a potent anticoagulant effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa significantly higher in extrinsic pathway (PT) and the bioactive compound of tannin and flavonoid attributes to the anticoagulant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa.
EFFECT OF AIRFLOW ON MOISTURE REMOVAL OF ROTARY BIODRYING REACTORS
Authors: Somsai Khajon , Tondee Tusanee , Kerdsuwan Somrat
Published: May 2016

Biodrying is the process to reduce moisture from municipal solid waste (MSW) by using the heat from aerobic bio-degradation. The typical process parameters are aeration, temperature during the process, initial moisture of waste, and temperature and relative humidity of the inlet air. This study aimed to investigate the effects of air flow rate and the supplied direct airflow duration on the rotary biodrying process for drying the high initial moisture content households solid waste, allowing satisfied energy content biofuel. The MSW from the Karai subdistric, kratumban samutsakorn province were used as a substrate. Biodrying process was performed in 8 trails with various air volumes from 0.20 to 0.45 m3/hr.-kg dry weight (dw). It was found that the increased airflow rate was not linearly proportional to the weight loss. The hydrolytic stage period (2 days) before supplied high air flow in aerobic stage could more increase moisture removal efficiency for rotary biodrying than increase double air flow rate only. The end product was sufficiently homogeneous and heating values 18,024 – 24,260 kJ/kg.