bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The existence and boundary behavior of large
solutions to semilinear elliptic equations with nonlinear gradient
terms
Authors: Zhang Zhijun
Published: February 2014

In this paper, for more general f, g and a, b,
we obtain conditions about the existence and boundary behavior
of solutions to boundary blow-up elliptic problems

▵
u
=
a

(
x
)

g

(
u
)

+

b

(
x
)

f

(
u
)

|
∇
u
|

q

,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
|

∂
Ω

=
+
∞

$
\triangle u=a(x)g(u)+ b(x) f(u)|\nabla u|^q,\quad x\in \Omega ,\quad u|_{\partial \Omega }=+\infty $

and improve and generalize most of the previously
available results in the literature,
where Ω is a bounded domain with smooth boundary
in ℝ
N
,

q
∈
(
0
,
2
]

${q\in (0, 2]}$

,

a
,
b
∈

C
ν

(

Ω
¯

)

${a, b \in C^{\nu }(\overline{\Omega })}$

which are positive in Ω, may be vanishing on the
boundary, and

f
,
g
∈
C

[
0
,
∞
)

∩

C
1

(
0
,
∞
)

${f, g\in C[0, \infty ) \cap C^1(0, \infty ) }$

or

f
,
g
∈

C
1

(
ℝ
)

${f,
g\in C^1(\mathbb {R}) }$

, which are increasing.
Preferential Admission and MBA Outcomes: Mismatch Effects by Race and Gender
Authors: Grove Wayne A. , Hussey Andrew J.
Published: February 2014

We consider the “mismatch” hypothesis in the context of graduate management education. Both blacks and Hispanics, conditional on a rich set of human capital variables, prior earnings and work experience, and non-cognitive attributes, are favored in admission to top 50 Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs. To test for mismatch effects, we provide two comparisons: (1) comparable individuals (in terms of race, gender, and credentials) at different quality MBA programs and (2) individuals of differing race or gender (but with similar credentials) at comparable MBA programs. Despite admission preferences, blacks and Hispanics enjoy similar or even higher returns to selectivity than whites.
The Politics of Denying Communion to Catholic Elected Officials
Authors: Blake William D. , Friesen Amanda
Published: February 2014

In his 2004 presidential campaign, John Kerry, a Catholic, was threatened with being denied Holy Communion because of his pro-choice voting record. This article investigates the extent to which communion denial impacted Catholic elected officials and analyzes public attitudes regarding communion denial for Kerry. The results of our analysis suggest that, despite heavy media coverage, few bishops endorsed the communion denial and few pro-choice Catholic officials were threatened. While the data also indicate there are meaningful political implications for public attitudes on communion denial, the tactic does not command support from many Catholics.
Catholic Partisanship and the Presidential Vote in 2012: Testing Alternative Theories
Authors: Kellstedt Lyman A. , Guth James L.
Published: February 2014

Catholics have long been an important force in American electoral politics. Once a vital and loyal component of the New Deal Democratic coalition, Catholics in recent decades have shifted their political loyalties away from the Democratic Party to more of a partisan equilibrium. Indeed, by 2012, the White Catholic vote had become predominantly Republican, even in a year in which a Democrat was re-elected to the White House, and on balance party identification among these voters showed a slight Republican edge. Only the growing contingent of Latino Catholics kept the national vote of the entire religious community closely balanced. Despite widespread agreement among scholars that the partisan behavior of Catholics has changed, there is much less consensus on the nature of that change, its permanence, and its causes. We review the historic patterns of Catholic partisanship and voting behavior, discuss three major perspectives on electoral change among Catholics, and test these perspectives with data drawn from the 2012 National Survey of Religion and Politics, with a rich battery of religious measures. We find that socioeconomic factors, religious perspectives, and issue preferences among Catholics all influence partisanship and vote choice, reducing any true “distinctiveness” of the “Catholic vote.”
The American Catholic Church as a Political Institution
Authors: Theriault Sean M.
Published: February 2014

In this article, I place the American Catholic Church into a broader historical and global perspective, giving context to both the world in which it operates and the decisions it makes. I argue that several of the decisions that were made by the earliest Church leaders continue to reverberate today. Furthermore, the circumstances under which Catholicism made its way to the New World not only gives meaning to its past path, but provides clues about its future direction. These historical and geopolitical angles must be assessed when evaluating Pope Francis’s challenge to the Vatican, the American Church, and Catholicism around the globe.
An Empirical Analysis of the Aggregate Export Demand Function in Post-Liberalization India
Authors: Inoue Takeshi
Published: February 2014

This paper focuses on export growth as an engine of growth and, by estimating India’s export demand function, examines whether and to what extent India’s export trend has been affected by external factors, particularly in the post-liberalization period. The empirical results indicate that all estimated coefficients are statistically significant with expected signs and that the absolute value of the coefficient is the largest for the world price, followed by world income and domestic income. Our results reveal that price competitiveness has improved India’s export market. Moreover, the statistically significant world income elasticity suggests that the global economic boom may contribute to an increase in India’s exports, whereas the global recession has likely had an adverse impact on the Indian economy through its trade channel. To ensure that export expansion becomes a stable contributor to economic growth, the Indian government should pursue ongoing diversification in exports in terms of both commodities and markets.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composites
Authors: Çakmakçı Emrah , Madakbaş Seyfullah
Published: February 2014

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied conductive polymer with several unique properties and good conductivity. In this study it was aimed to prepare Polyaniline (PANI)/Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composites. Chemical structures of the composites were characterized by FTIR analysis. Thermal properties of these novel composites were analyzed by TGA and DSC measurements. Glass transition temperatures and char yields of the composites increased with increasing h-BN percentage. FTIR, XRD and UV measurements indicated that the boron atoms in h-BN particles interact with the unpaired electrons in nitrogen atoms of PANI. Dielectric measurements revealed dipolar polarization behavior of the composites.
Topological Investigation of Two-Dimensional Amorphous Materials
Authors: Büchner Christin , Schlexer Philomena , Lichtenstein Leonid , Stuckenholz Stefanie , Heyde Markus , Freund Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2014

Real space image data of two-dimensional amorphous networks have
become available in high resolution. We review a number of systems
regarding ring size distribution, pair correlation function and
characteristic structural clusters. We present similarities and
differences that can help identify general descriptors for
amorphousness.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of [Zn3(C2O4)3(4,4'-bipy)4] and its Reorganization at High Temperatures
Authors: Tröbs Lisa , Zimathies Annett , Panne Ulrich , Emmerling Franziska
Published: February 2014

The metal organic layered structure catena-(bis(μ2-4,4'-bipyridine)-tris(μ2-oxalato)-bis(4,4'-bipyridine)-tri-zinc(ii))
([Zn3(C2O4)3(4,4'-bipy)4]) was synthesized
mechanochemically applying three different routes. The synthesis
succeeded by i) simultaneously neat grinding the three starting
materials zinc acetate dihydrate, oxalic acid dihydrate and
4,4'bipyridine, ii) grinding two compounds and adding the third
afterwards, independent of the sequence. The products were
characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, gas
adsorption measurements, and scanning electron
microscopy. Temperature-dependent synchrotron XRD measurements
revealed that the monoclinic structure of
[Zn3(C2O4)3(4,4'-bipy)4] rearranges reversibly
to a higher ordered orthorhombic structure
[Zn(C2O4)(4,4'-bipy)] at high temperatures.
Investigation of Molecular Solvents and Ionic Liquids with a Dual Probe
Authors: Strehmel Veronika , Berdzinski Stefan , Strauch Peter , Hoffmann-Jacobsen Kerstin , Strehmel Bernd
Published: February 2014

A dual probe was investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence, and ESR
spectroscopy. It comprises the pyrene chromophore and the paramagnetic
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl radical that are covalently
linked together via an ester bridge. The dual probe was used to
investigate molecular solvents of different polarity as well as ionic
liquids bearing either imidazolium or pyrrolidinium cations and
various anions, such as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide,
tetrafluoroborate, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, or
dicyanamide. The dual probe does not show solvatochromism that is
typical for some pyrenes. Furthermore, the dual probe is considerable
less mobile compared to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl
(TEMPO) without additional substituent as detected by ESR
spectroscopy. This is caused by the bulky pyrenyl substituent bound at
the dual probe resulting in a reduced mobility of the dual probe.
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Containing Gold-Silver Nanoclusters by Sol–Gel Technique
Authors: Gültekin Aytaç , Sönmezoğlu Savaş
Published: February 2014

Pure and Au-Ag nanoclusters-doped TiO2 thin films have been
synthesized by the sol–gel method and the effect of Au-Ag nanoclusters
doping on their structural, morphological and optical properties was
investigated by of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet-Visible-Near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR)
spectrophotometry, respectively. XRD spectrum indicated that all of
TiO2 thin films were polycrystalline anatase with a body-centered
tetragonal structure. SEM images show that all thin films are compact,
dense and adhered well to the substrates. The maximum transmittance
values of pure and TiO2 thin films are over 90% when
Au-Ag nanoclusters concentration is up to 40% doping
level. The optical band gap of the as-grown TiO2 thin films
decreases from 3.63 to 3.31 with increasing dopant
concentration. These results provide some useful references for the
potential application of these thin films in device technology.
A Versatile Approach for a Variety of Amphiphilic Nanoparticles: Semiconductor – Plasmonic – Magnetic
Authors: Dubavik Aliaksei , Lesnyak Vladimir , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: February 2014

In this work we summarize last achievements of the colloidal synthesis
and applications of different amphiphilic nanoparticles, among which
are semiconductor, metal and metal oxide materials. All these
nanoparticles have been obtained employing polyethylene glycol based
stabilizers which provide compatibility with a wide variety of media
from nonpolar organics to water. Owing to their versatile solubility,
the materials obtained have the ability of spontaneous multiphase
transfer. Moreover, they have been shown to permeate through cell
membranes avoiding endocytosis which makes them particularly
interesting for bio-applications.
Don Lee and the Transformation of Los Angeles
Authors: Fischer Greg
Published: February 2014

An account of auto dealer and media pioneer Don Lee’s multi-faceted career illuminates the automobilization of Los Angeles, changing trends of consumerism, city-shaping and suburbanization, communication and entertainment, and business practice, 1904-1934.
A Megváltó Vérrel Éltető Szentháromság Egy Különleges Képtípus Közép-Európában
Authors: Szilárdfy Zoltán
Published: February 2014

A special iconographic interpretation of the Holy Trinity is represented by an engraving kept in the Strahov abbey library of the Premonstratensian canons of Prague. The print was made after Dionysius Strauss' drawing and is the artist's first extant holy image engraved in copperplate. In the monastery of Hradiško u Olomouce Strauss was regarded as the artist of the order respected for the inventiveness of his themes. It is a known fact from 1695 that he presented a painting on the birthday of prior Bernard Wanzke showing the crucified Christ with the Father and the Holy Spirit with lambs feeding on the blood gushing forth from the Son's side. Undoubtedly, the graphic sheet marked “P. Dion. Straus delin. — J. Tscherning sculp.” was made after the lost painting. The words in the banderole above the composition “ut vitam habeant” (that they may have life) are from St John's gospel (Jn 10,10).

A somewhat modified variant of the theme is a copperplate engraving also from the late 17th century by Johann Gaspar Gutwein (1669–1730) who worked in Prague, Brno, Augsburg, Regensburg and Graz. The print marked “J. G. Gutwein sc. Brunae” probably adorned the flyleaf of a book. This precious specimen of my private collection shows an infant angel with clasped hands behind the cross, with a quotation from St Luke's gospel on the banderole falling down by its elbow: “… parata sunt omnia” (all things are now ready, Luke 14,17). The words refer to the feast of the flock of the Saviour. The blood and water from the side of Christ collected in a pearl-shell refer to the life-giving and maintaining sacraments of baptism and the eucharist from which the scrawny lambs will gain strength.

There is a little known 18th century oil painting in the St Maurice Benedictine monastery of Bakonybél. There are no inscriptions, but white lambs are feeding on the life-giving blood which has cleaned them, flowing from Christ's side into a bowl. The tree of paradise with the serpent is in the background to indicate that Christ's sacrifice on the cross was made in reparation of the original sin: Christ defeated Satan on the cross. This peculiar version of the Holy Trinity representations originated from catholic Moravia in the Tridentine revival of spirituality in Central Europe, as the above described depictions suggest.
Forrás ok a pozsonyi várkút építésének történetéhez
Authors: C. Tóth Norbert
Published: February 2014

The epochal study on the construction of the Pozsony (today: Bratislava) castle was published by Jenő Szűcs in 1958. He reconstructed the works and the organization of the work on the basis of the accounts book of the construction he had found and dated to 1434 with convincing arguments. The construction presumably began under the supervision of chief Pozsony administrators István and György Rozgonyi in the early 1420s. The “building office” was headed by the master builder Kunz Schwarz, a citizen of Pozsony, from 1423 to an unknown date. Later he was replaced by a certain Reichard (1429). During the period studied by Jenő Szűcs the complex chores were shared: the leader of the construction was János Berényi Kakas, while the chief master builder was Konrád of Erling. The present paper provides clues from so-far unknown sources as to the exact date (summer 1434) and manner of the construction of the fountain built in the newly constructed Pozsony castle. All the letters in the Appendix were written about the building of the fountain. Two of King and Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund's letters reveal that the construction was financed from the estate of the late Moravian knight Peter Kutej who died in Pozsony captivity. Sigismund's third letter contains particularly important information on the technical details of the construction. The fourth letter by the warden of the Tata castle of the Rozgonyi family inquires from his masters whether he would get the amount to be spent on the Tata castle from the resources set aside for the fountain.
Hendrick Goltzius: somlyói Báthory Boldizsár képmása, 1583
Authors: Horn Ildikó
Published: February 2014

This standing, full length portrait of Balthasar Bathory was produced in 1583 in Haarlem by Hendrik Goltzius, who was at the beginning of his career at the time. On the engraving Bathory is depicted in a French dress, with his initials and age above his head, his coat of arms in the top right corner lettered around with his motto and an inscription in the lower left corner, identifying the author of the engraving with the text “H. Goltzius fecit”. In the background we can see a scene that relates to hunting and war at the same time — referring to the well known passion Bathorys had for hunting, as well as Balthasar's successes in the Livonian war over the Russians.

We can reconstruct the story of the creation of the engraving from the work of Goltzius' friend and colleague, Karel van Mander. During the creation of this engraving another one was also produced, showing Balthasar's companion and fellow officer, the polish noble Stanisŀaw Sobocki. We also know that between 1582 and 1583, Goltzius produced a series of full length engravings featuring officers of the Army of the Lower Countries.

The significance of this picture transcends the fact that it is the only known portrait of Balthasar Bathory and that it is most likely an authentic likeness of his. The history of its creation sheds light on several unknown details of his career, opening new doors for historical research. As such, it allows us to determine his date of birth (1561), previously unknown, and also to fill his life between 1582 and 1586 with details, of which next to nothing was known until now. The most important new information is that during this period he led several embassies with the above mentioned Sobocki to Spain, France and the Lower Countries, in the service of Stefan Bathory, his uncle and the king of Poland.
Novel Hyperbranched Molecules Containing Pyrrole Units from Diacetylene Compounds and their Electronic Properties
Authors: Fomina Lioudmila , Sánchez Jorge Godínez , Olivares José A. , CuppoSant´Anna Fabio L. , Sansores Luis E. , Salcedo Roberto
Published: February 2014

Novel hyperbranched molecules containing pyrrole units were obtained from ortho-, meta- and para-diaminodiphenyldiacetylenes, as AB2 type monomers by one-step polymerization. Diacetylenic fragments reacted with terminal amino groups in the presence of copper chloride to give pyrrole units. Diaminodiphenyldiacetylene monomers have been synthesized from ethynilanilines in three steps. The novel monomers and hyperbranched molecules were characterized by NMR, IR and thermal analysis. Some conductivity proofs were also carried out and this behavior was assessed.

The electronic behavior of some of these molecules was studied by means of theoretical methods. DFT optimization processes were carried out for three structures derived from the generation growing. There are at least two conformational isomers of the structure (meta- and para-) which show conductivity properties, the meta-isomer shows semiconductor nature but this species is hard to modeling because the steric hindrances cause optimization problems and indeed the third generation species was not achieved. In other context, the para-isomer allows the calculation of three generations and shows clearly a tendency to narrow the energy gap between the frontier orbitals but besides the behavior of the HOMO-1 seems reinforce the conductivity phenomenon.
Copolymers based on 3-alkylthiophene and Thiophene Functionalized with Pyrene Chromophore
Authors: González-Juárez Edgar , Güizado-Rodríguez Marisol , Barba-López Víctor , Rodríguez Mario , Ramos-Ortíz Gabriel , Maldonado José Luis
Published: February 2014

As a preliminary study aiming to possible applications, novel polythiophenes (PTs) derivatives of 3-hexylthiophene and a thiophene functionalized with pyrene chromophore were synthesized. Homopolymer and copolymers of these monomers were obtained in different stoichiometric ratios which allow obtaining structure-property relation of each of the polymers. PTs were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-vis, DSC-TGA, GPC and fluorescence experiments. Polymers have λmax between 345 to 450 nm and an emission band at 485 and 542 nm. Low molecular weights distribution (Mn = 875 to 1600 g/mol) and thermostable products (Td = 336 to 474°C) were obtained. These PTs functionalized with aromatic molecules and π-conjugated systems could offer interesting applications such as optical sensors, nonlinear optics and photovoltaic cells.
Reproductive parameters of dairy goats submitted to estrus synchronization with prostaglandin F2α associated or not to hCG at estrous onset
Authors: Esteves L.V. , Brandão F.Z. , Cruz R.C. , Souza J.M.G. , Oba E. , Facó O. , Fonseca J.F.
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two doses of PGF associated or not to hCG on the associated reproductive parameters in dairy goats. A total of 29 goats received two doses of 30µg d-cloprostenol latero-vulvar at a 10 day intervals (Day 1 and Day 10). The does were allocated according to body weight and body condition score into two treatments, to receive hCG (250IU) or saline at estrus onset. After the second dose of PGF, estrus was monitored and ultrasound exams were performed twice daily. All does were inseminated 16h after estrus onset. Blood collection was performed every day for progesterone assay. The use of hCG at estrus onset did not affect any studied parameter and therefore the data were pooled. Estrous response rate was similar (P>0.05) after the first (75.9%, 22/29) and the second dose of PGF (79.3%, 23/29). The interval between the administration of PGF and estrus onset was greater (P<0.05) after Day 1 (75.8±53.9h) than Day 10 (47.7±10.1 h). Estrus duration was superior (P < 0.05) after Day 1 (35.4±15.9h) to Day 10 (26.8±15.0h). Ovulation rate was 79.3% (23/29) after the second dose of PGF. No differences (P>0.05) between both experimental groups were detected in the following parameters, averaging: the interval from the second dose administration to the ovulation (86.6±11.4h), interval from estrus to ovulation (39.9±12.3 h), diameter of largest follicle (7.2±1.4) and number of ovulations (1.8±0.6). At Day 1, 52.4% (11/21) of does presented progesterone concentrations <1ng/mL. At Day 10, 100% of the animals presented concentrations >1ng/mL. The results of the present study indicate that estrus can be efficiently synchronized in dairy goats with the use of two doses of PGF at a 10 day interval. Further research should be done evaluating hCG use in different doses or moments of administration.
Histoplasmose pulmonar canina no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: relato de caso
Authors: Silva T.I.B. , Silva A.C.B. , Muñoz M.E.Z. , Zubieta L.M.V. , Zubieta F.E.V. , Silva M.J.G.
Published: February 2014

A histoplasmose é uma das principais doenças micóticas que acometem o trato respiratório inferior de pequenos animais, sendo ocasionada pelo Histoplasma capsulatum, fungo encontrado em solos ricos em compostos nitrogenados, derivados de matéria orgânica em decomposição. Descreve-se um caso de histoplasmose pulmonar em um canino da raça Boxer, domiciliado no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, o qual apresentava uma síndrome respiratória com evolução clínica de aproximadamente seis meses. Na análise citopatológica do lavado broncoalveolar, foram visualizadas estruturas leveduriformes de aproximadamente dois micrômetros de diâmetro, características de H. capsulatum, sendo, então, indicada a terapia com itraconazol. O exame citopatológico do lavado broncoalveolar é uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante na identificação do agente, e o tratamento com itraconazol é eficiente, levando à remissão completa dos sinais clínicos.
Ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais por laparoscopia em um cão
Authors: Pinto Filho S.T.L. , Brun M.V. , Dalmolin F. , Hartmann H. , Pereira D.T. , Pohl V.H. , Coutinho Jr. A.S. , Giglio C.F. , Wiecheteck F.S. , Oliveira M.T. , Godoy C.L.B. , Hora A.M.
Published: February 2014

Cistos renais podem formar-se em qualquer parte do néfron e dos ductos coletores. Alguns são hereditários, originando-se durante a organogênese, e outros se desenvolvem no tecido renal normal, depois que os rins estão completamente formados. No presente relato, descreve-se a ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais, por cirurgia laparoscópica em um cão. Para o acesso, foram utilizados três portais, dois de 10mm de diâmetro e um de 5mm, dispostos na parede abdominal lateral direita e, num segundo momento, na parede abdominal lateral esquerda. Conclui-se, portanto, que a técnica laparoscópica com três portais permite a realização de ressecção de cisto e abscesso renais em cães, sem a ocorrência de recidivas em curto prazo.
Efeitos da parede de levedura em dieta úmida na microbiota fecal, na produção de gás e na morfologia intestinal de gatos adultos
Authors: Aquino A.A. , Saad F.M.O.B. , Santos J.P.F. , Leite C.A.L. , Sampaio G.R. , Feliciano M.A.R.
Published: February 2014

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do extrato de levedura (EPL) em dietas úmidas sobre a microbiota fecal, a produção de gás e a morfologia intestinal de gatos adultos. Foram utilizados 20 gatos adultos, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos ao acaso em quatro tratamentos: 1) dieta comercial úmida (controle); 2) controle + 0,2% de extrato de levedura em matéria seca; 3) controle + 0,4%; e 4) controle + 0,6%. Foram realizadas a microbiologia fecal, a avaliação da morfologia intestinal por meio de exames radiográficos, ultrassonográficos e de colonoscopia, bem como a biópsia para histologia intestinal. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) para contagem de bactérias do ácido lático e de clostrídio sulfito redutor, área de gás em alças intestinais (avaliação radiográfica), espessura da parede do cólon (ultrassonografia intestinal) e contagem de colonócitos/células caliciformes (histologia). Por meio da colonoscopia, notaram-se alterações em características de mucosa em animais submetidos ao tratamento 4. Conclui-se que a adição de até 0,6% de EPL não teve efeito sobre os parâmetros avaliados, mas novos estudos são necessários para compreender os mecanismos de ação e os efeitos desse aditivo para gatos domésticos.
Osteossíntese de mandíbula e maxila em equinos adultos: relato de quatro casos
Authors: Nóbrega F.S. , Ferreira M.P. , Alievi M.M. , Beck C.A.C. , Gonzalez P.C. , Dal-Bó I.S. , Stédile R.
Published: February 2014

Fraturas da mandíbula secundárias a trauma externo não são raras em equinos, sendo este o osso mais comumente fraturado quando o trauma é na região da cabeça. Na maioria dos casos, são abertas e com dano aos tecidos moles adjacentes. Como os ossos da cabeça não são submetidos às forças de carga do apoio, a exigência para fixação da fratura é menos desafiadora. O presente trabalho descreve o tratamento cirúrgico de quatro fraturas de mandíbula em equinos, sendo que, em um caso, havia também fratura de maxila. Quatro cavalos adultos com histórico de traumatismo na região da cabeça foram atendidos, avaliados clinicamente, radiografados e, após diagnóstico, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. No primeiro caso, o equino apresentava fratura rostral da mandíbula, sendo esta tratada com cerclagens. Além disso, o animal apresentava fratura múltipla de maxila, que foi corrigida com uma cerclagem próxima aos dentes incisivos, uma placa com parafusos e duas hemicerclagens na região entre os dentes incisivos e pré-molares. O segundo animal apresentava fratura múltipla dos ramos horizontal e vertical direito da mandíbula e foi tratado com uso de cinco placas de reconstrução e parafusos. No terceiro paciente foi diagnosticada fratura simples no ramo horizontal da mandíbula esquerda, que foi estabilizada com uma placa e parafusos. O quarto paciente apresentava fratura rostral de mandíbula, com avulsão de quatro dentes incisivos, sendo realizada a extração dos dentes incisivos e sutura da mucosa labial. Todos os animais obtiveram consolidação das fraturas em diferentes períodos de pós-operatório, o que permitiu melhora na qualidade de vida.
Accuracy of the estimates of ammonia concentration in rumen fluid using different analytical methods
Authors: Souza N.K.P. , Detmann E. , Valadares Filho S.C. , Costa V.A.C. , Pina D.S. , Gomes D.I. , Queiroz A.C. , Mantovani H.C.
Published: February 2014

The accuracy of two different methods in measuring the ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) concentration in rumen fluid were evaluated: a catalyzed indophenol colorimetric reaction (CICR) and the Kjeldahl distillation (KD). Five buffered standard solutions containing volatile fatty acids, true protein, and known ammonia concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 N-NH3 mg/dL) were used to simulate rumen fluid. Different ratios (10:1, 7.5:1, 5:1, 2.5:1, 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:10) of a potassium hydroxide solution (KOH, 2 mol/L) to standard solutions were evaluated by the KD method. The accuracy of each method was evaluated by adjusting a simple linear regression model of the estimated N-NH3 concentrations on the N-NH3 concentrations in the standard solutions. When the KD method was used, N-NH3 was observed to be released from the deamination of true protein (P<0.05), and an incomplete recovery of N-NH3 was observed (P<0.05), except for 7.5:1 and 5:1 ratios of KOH solution to standard solutions (P>0.05). The estimates of the N-NH3 concentration obtained by the CICR method were found to be accurate (P>0.05). After the accuracy evaluation, ninety-three samples of rumen fluid were evaluated by the CICR and KD methods (using the 5:1 ratio of KOH solution to rumen fluid sample), assuming that the CICR estimates would be accurate. The N-NH3 concentrations obtained by the two methods were observed to be different (P<0.05) but strongly correlated (r = 0.9701). Thus, it was concluded that the estimates obtained by the Kjeldahl distillation using a 5:1 ratio of KOH solution to rumen fluid sample can be adjusted to avoid biases. Furthermore, a model to adjust the N-NH3 concentration is suggested.
Degradabilidade in situ do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para pequenos ruminantes de raças naturalizadas do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Gomes G.M.F. , Vasconcelos A.M. , Egito A.S. , Lima A.R. , Carneiro J.C. , Landim A.V. , Fonteles N.L.O. , Salles H.O.
Published: February 2014

Com o crescimento da indústria sucroalcooleira, buscam-se alternativas de uso dos resíduos gerados por ela. Os pequenos ruminantes de raças naturalizadas do Nordeste brasileiro mostram-se como grupos potenciais para que seja utilizado o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) nas dietas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se determinar a degradabilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do BCA e os parâmetros ruminais em caprinos Moxotó e ovinos Morada Nova, fistulados no rúmen. Contidos em sacos de náilon, 3g de BCA foram incubados no rúmen nos tempos seis, 24 e 96 horas, determinando-se o conteúdo de MS e FDN nos resíduos obtidos. Nos tempos zero, seis e 12 horas após a primeira refeição, mediram-se no líquido ruminal pH e nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) ruminal. O CMS não diferiu entre caprinos e ovinos. O potencial de máxima degradação da MS foi semelhante entre espécies, e da FDN foi superior em caprinos. Ovinos apresentaram maiores tempo de colonização, taxa de degradação e degradabilidade efetiva da MS e FDN. O pH não diferiu entre as espécies. Observou-se maior concentração de N-NH3 ruminal em caprinos, no tempo zero. Diante da maior velocidade de degradação da MS do BCA pelos ovinos, essa espécie se mostra detentora de uma microbiota ruminal com crescimento mais eficiente sobre o BCA.
Suplementação de colina em dietas para frangos de corte machos em fase de crescimento
Authors: Pompeu M.A. , Baião N.C. , Lara L.J.C. , Ecco R. , Rocha J.S.R. , Fernandes M.N.S. , Barbosa V.M. , Miranda D.J.A.
Published: February 2014

Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de suplementação de colina em dietas para frangos de corte, de 22 a 40 dias de idade, sobre o desempenho, a composição de carcaças e fígados, bem como as características macroscópicas e histopatológicas dos fígados. O período de criação foi de um a 40 dias de idade, sendo que o período experimental foi de 22 a 40 dias de idade. Até o 21º dia de idade, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração à qual foram adicionados 400mg colina/kg. No 22º dia, os frangos foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, nos quais os níveis testados de suplementação de colina foram: zero, 400, 800, 1.200 e 1.600mg/kg, com seis repetições de 30 aves cada. As rações experimentais, formuladas à base de milho, farelo de soja e farinha de carne/ossos, foram isonutritivas, com exceção dos níveis de colina. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, e a estimativa da suplementação de colina foi avaliada pelos modelos de regressão. Os níveis de suplementação de colina apresentaram efeito linear pelo teste F (P<0,05) para o consumo de ração. Os demais parâmetros avaliados não sofreram influência da suplementação (P>0,05). O nível de 1.600mg colina/kg de ração resulta em maior consumo de ração de frangos de corte aos 40 dias de idade.
Efeitos da forma física da ração e da linhagem de frangos de corte sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e determinação de energia líquida
Authors: Lara L.J.C. , Campos W.E. , Baião N.C. , Lana A.M.Q. , Cançado S.V. , Rocha J.S.R. , Pompeu M.A. , Barbosa V.M.
Published: February 2014

Para avaliar os efeitos da forma física da ração, do consumo de ração controlado e das linhagens sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, os valores de energia das rações e a produção de calor pelas aves, foram utilizados 210 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb® e 210 pintos machos da linhagem Ross-308®. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela forma física da ração, pelo consumo de ração controlado e pela linhagem, da seguinte forma: ração farelada à vontade, ração peletizada à vontade e ração peletizada controlada com consumo igual ao da ração farelada. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (três rações e duas linhagens), com quatro repetições (períodos), sendo o período considerado como bloco. A digestibilidade da matéria seca não foi afetada pela forma física da ração, entretanto a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo melhorou com a peletização. A linhagem influenciou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e juntamente com a forma física da ração afetou a produção de calor das aves. A utilização de rações peletizadas aumentou os valores de energia líquida das rações, independentemente da linhagem, favorecendo o desempenho de frangos de corte.
Características de carcaça de cabritos criados em dois sistemas de terminação
Authors: Salles F.M. , Zambom M.A. , Alcalde C.R. , Macedo F.A.F. , Souza R. , Gomes L.C. , Dias F.B. , Molina B.S.L.
Published: February 2014

Avaliaram-se as características da carcaça de cabritos Saanen confinados, Saanen e 7/8 Boer - 1/8 Saanen semiconfinados, bem como a influência de grupo genético e sistema de terminação sobre o rendimento comercial, índice de compacidade, não constituintes, área de olho de lombo, força de cisalhamento, gordura, teor de umidade e teor de extrato etéreo. Utilizaram-se 31 machos inteiros, com aproximadamente 128 dias de idade e 22,9±2,4kg de peso vivo. Destes, 22 eram da raça Saanen e nove animais eram mestiços 7/8 Boer - 1/8 Saanen. Os animais da raça Saanen foram divididos em dois grupos de 11 animais, sendo um grupo mantido em confinamento e outro em semiconfinamento, enquanto os mestiços foram mantidos em semiconfinamento. Compararam-se os sistemas de terminação na raça Saanen, e os grupos genéticos no sistema semiconfinado. Os animais confinados receberam 3,5% do PV em ração completa peletizada; os semiconfinados tiveram acesso à pastagem e suplementação de 1,5% do PV em ração concentrada peletizada. Aos 47 dias de terminação, os animais foram abatidos e as características de carcaça determinadas por meio de uma amostra de lombo dissecado. Foram observadas diferenças entre sistemas de terminação para rendimento comercial de carcaça, índice de compacidade da carcaça, não constituintes de carcaça, área de olho de lombo, força de cisalhamento, gordura, teor de umidade e de extrato etéreo. Entre os grupos genéticos, foram observadas diferenças para área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura e matéria mineral. O sistema de terminação exerceu influência sobre as características de carcaça avaliadas. A raça Saanen pode ser utilizada para a produção de carne quando submetida ao confinamento.
Desenvolvimento de uma Lista de Verificação em Comunicação e Linguagem para os Transtornos do Espectro Autístico
Authors: Gaino Silvana Batista , Salgado Manoel Henrique , Fernandes Fernanda Dreux Miranda
Published: February 2014

A Lista de Verificação em Comunicação e Linguagem aqui apresentada foi elaborada para avaliar as especificidades de dois grupos distintos: os transtornos do espectro autístico e outras alterações de desenvolvimento da linguagem. Com essa finalidade foi aplicada em 60 participantes, divididos em dois grupos: 20 portadores de transtornos do espectro autístico (M=7, 11) e 40 portadores de outras alterações de desenvolvimento da linguagem (M=4, 10). Foi utilizado o teste do Qui-Quadrado para avaliar a validade do conteúdo e determinar quais questões deveriam ser retiradas do instrumento por não serem significativas. Os outros testes utilizados foram o Índice de Concordância Kappa e o teste de Mann-Withney. A Lista também apresentou uma sensibilidade de 90% e uma especificidade de 97,5%, o que demonstra a viabilidade de sua utilização como instrumento auxiliar na detecção de transtornos do espectro autístico.
Localização e qualidade formal do Rorschach-SC no Brasil: validade com não-pacientes
Authors: Pianowski Giselle , Villemor-Amaral Anna Elisa de
Published: February 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade para o Atlas de Localização e a Lista de Qualidade Formal brasileiros para o Rorschach-SC. Utilizou-se uma amostra de não-pacientes composta por 46 adultos de ambos os gêneros, sendo 54% do sexo masculino, com idades entre 18 e 64 anos e variados níveis de escolaridade. Os instrumentos foram o Self Questionary Report (SRQ-20) e o Método de Rorschach. Análises comparativas, por meio da prova ANOVA, verificaram os indicadores de localização, que são W, D, Dd e Dd99, e os índices e porcentagens referentes à qualidade formal, que são FQo, FQu, FQ-, X+%, Xu%, XA%, X-% e WDA%. As comparações revelaram diferenças significativas nos índices Dd, Dd99, XA% e X-% e marginalmente significativa no índice FQ-. Na comparação com o grupo normativo, observaram-se diferenças entre grupos para os índices FQo, XA%, X+% e X-%. Os resultados revelaram evidências de validade para o atlas elaborado no Brasil.
Logoterapia e o sentido do sofrimento: convergências nas dimensões espiritual e religiosa
Authors: Moreira Neir , Holanda Adriano
Published: February 2014

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o sentido do sofrimento em Logoterapia - psicoterapia do sentido que propõe a compreensão da existência através dos fenômenos tipicamente humanos, especificamente das convergências nas dimensões espiritual e religiosa. Com base no resgate do conceito de vontade de sentido, pretende-se estabelecer tanto uma relação entre os conceitos de pathos, finitude e morte quanto sua articulação com a perspectiva do Homo patiens em Logoterapia; assinalando o lugar da culpa, da doença, da dignidade, da responsabilidade e do sentido nesse contexto. Ademais, considerando a natureza do sofrimento como inerente à constituição humana, a teoria de Viktor Frankl considera a resiliência uma adaptação positiva do homem em resposta às adversidades, as quais possibilitam ao homem superar-se. O texto também pontua as dimensões essencialmente humanas, enfatizando a dinâmica do Homo religiosus e a dimensão noética como fatores fundamentais no processo de identificação, enfrentamento e superação do sofrimento.
Emirates Air Line, London, UK: south tower substructure in the River Thames
Authors: Smith Claire , Nikolic Alex , Baxter Charlotte
Published: February 2014

This paper, the second in a series describing the delivery of the Emirates Air Line project in London, UK. It presents the challenges associated with the delivery of the south tower base to the 90 m steel tower, in the tidal Thames, to a tight programme, with an Olympic deadline. The paper presents an appraisal by the team of the given reference design of caisson construction at tender and the decision to develop a different design to meet programme. This is followed by a detailed optioneering of the design of the substructure elements leading to selection of the optimal approach employing large concrete precast elements for site assembly. The elements included a protective silt skirt to avoid erosion of the riverbed. Aesthetic considerations are discussed, including the tower, located offshore on piles that are visible at low tide, which required careful attention to the compositional aspect of its overall substructure. To continue the elegant form of the twisting tower, the piles were fitted with double curved precast concrete sleeves to continue the curvature of the steel ribbons down into the Thames. Finally, construction challenges are outlined and a description is given of the dramatic site delivery of the 200 t precast skirt using river-based shear legs.
Genotoxicity is Unrelated to Total Concentration of Priority Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Undergoing Biological Treatment
Authors: Alexander Renee R. , Tang Jixin , Alexander Martin
Published: February 2014

A solid‐phase microbiological assay was used to determine the changes in genotoxicity associated with sequestration or biodegradation of carcinogenic compounds in contaminated soils. The concentration of six carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not change in 59 d in sterile soil, but the genotoxicity declined markedly. In a soil undergoing bioremediation in the field for 147 d or biodegradation in the laboratory for 180 d, the concentrations either changed little or declined at different rates, but the genotoxicity increased followed by a decline. The genotoxicity of a second soil declined as a result of biological treatment. The data show that genotoxicity of contaminated soils may be unrelated to the concentration of carcinogenic PAHs because of aging or new mutagens formed during biological treatment.
Soil Solid‐Phase Controls Lead Activity in Soil Solution
Authors: Badawy S. H. , Helal M. I. D. , Chaudri A. M. , Lawlor K. , McGrath S. P.
Published: February 2014

Lead pollution of the environment is synonymous with civilization. It has no known biological function, and is naturally present in soil, but its presence in food crops is deemed undesirable. The concern regarding Pb is mostly due to chronic human and animal health effects, rather then phytotoxicity. However, not much is known about the chemistry and speciation of Pb in soils. We determined the activity of Pb2+, in near neutral and alkaline soils, representative of alluvial, desertic and calcareous soils of Egypt, using the competitive chelation method. Lead activity ranged from 10−6.73 to 10−4.83 M, and was negatively correlated with soil and soil solution pH (R2 = −0.92, P < 0.01 and R2 = −0.89, P < 0.01, respectively). It could be predicted in soil solution from the equation: A solubility diagram for the various Pb minerals found in soil was constructed using published thermodynamic data obtained from the literature, and our measured Pb2+ activities compared with this information. The measured Pb2+ activities were undersaturated with regard to the solubility of PbSiO3 in equilibrium with SiO2 (soil). However, they were supersaturated with regard to the solubilities of the Pb carbonate minerals PbCO3 (cerussite) and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 and hydroxide Pb(OH)2 They were also supersaturated with regard to the solubilities of the Pb phosphate minerals Pb3(PO4)2, Pb5(PO4)3OH, and Pb4O(PO4)2 in equilibrium with tri‐calcium phosphate and CaCO3 The activity of Pb2+ was not regulated by any mineral of known solubility in our soils, but possibly by a mixture of Pb carbonate and phosphate minerals.
Combined Effect of Natural Organic Matter and Surfactants on the Apparent Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Hee , Choi Jaeyoung , Goltz Mark N. , Park Jae‐Woo
Published: February 2014

Both natural organic matter (NOM) and surfactants are known to enhance the apparent aqueous solubility of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in aqueous systems. In this study, the combined effect of NOM and surfactants on enhancing the solubility of HOCs was investigated, since both may occur and affect the fate and transport of HOCs in natural aqueous environments. Experimental results indicated that the apparent solubility of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in NOM and anionic surfactant solution was lower than their solubility in NOM solution alone. However, the apparent solubility of an HOC in NOM and nonionic surfactant solution is almost the same as the sum of the HOC's solubility in NOM solution plus its solubility in nonionic surfactant solution. The observation that apparent aqueous solubility of HOCs in NOM and anionic surfactant solution is decreased is probably due to the fact that the cations that are released when the anionic surfactant dissociates may form ion pairs with acidic or phenolic groups associated with the NOM. This serves to increase the size of hydration of these groups, thereby decreasing the effective size of the nonpolar moieties associated with the NOM, and thus decreasing hydrophobic partitioning of the HOCs into the NOM. The results presented here will help us to understand the effect of NOM and surfactants on the fate and transport of HOCs in aquatic systems.
Relationships among Plant Available Phosphorus, Fertilizer Sales, and Water Quality in Northwestern Ohio
Authors: Calhoun Frank G. , Bigham Jerry M. , Slater Brian K.
Published: February 2014

Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in northwestern Ohio river water has declined over the past 20 yr in response to decreased applications of fertilizer P. Our objective was to evaluate changes in soluble P (Bray‐1 P) levels in the soil over time as influenced by fertilizer P management, cultivation practice, soil properties, and landscape factors. Because soil is the intermediary between added P and SRP measured in river water, we examined the relationship between fertilizer P, soluble soil P, and SRP. Using historical soil survey sample sites as a baseline for original soluble P concentrations (Por), we resampled Ap horizons to establish current levels of soluble P (Pcu). The Por baseline extended from 1953–1982 and Pcu from 1996–1998. Thirty percent of the Pcu values and 17% of the Por values were ≥40 mg kg−1 Log‐transformed means for Pcu were significantly higher than for Por The principal determining factors for Por were physiography, soil texture, and soil series. Current P is affected by present tillage practice and drainage class. Change in soluble P in the soil is not as responsive to fertilizer P sales as is SRP in river water. This suggests that as fertilizer P sales decline, a declining percentage of P added as fertilizer is annually dissolved and transported into the drainage system. Soluble P in soil is governed by a combination of fertilizer and tillage management, soil properties, and landscape factors interacting over time.