bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary information derived from CRISPR Cas9 mediated gene deletion and suppression
Authors: Rosenbluh Joseph , Xu Han , Harrington William , Gill Stanley , Wang Xiaoxing , Vazquez Francisca , Root David E. , Tsherniak Aviad , Hahn William C.
Published: May 2017

CRISPR-Cas9 provides the means to perform genome editing and facilitates loss-of-function screens. However, we and others demonstrated that expression of the Cas9 endonuclease induces a gene-independent response that correlates with the number of target sequences in the genome. An alternative approach to suppressing gene expression is to block transcription using a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9). Here we directly compare genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 (cutting, CRISPRc) and gene suppression using KRAB-dCas9 (CRISPRi) in loss-of-function screens to identify cell essential genes. CRISPRc identified 98% of previously defined cell essential genes. After optimizing library construction by analysing transcriptional start sites (TSS), CRISRPi identified 92% of core cell essential genes and did not show a bias to regions involved in copy number alterations. However, bidirectional promoters scored as false positives in CRISRPi. We conclude that CRISPRc and CRISPRi have different off-target effects and combining these approaches provides complementary information in loss-of-function genetic screens.
Mir-132/212 is required for maturation of binocular matching of orientation preference and depth perception
Authors: Mazziotti Raffaele , Baroncelli Laura , Ceglia Nicholas , Chelini Gabriele , Sala Grazia Della , Magnan Christophe , Napoli Debora , Putignano Elena , Silingardi Davide , Tola Jonida , Tognini Paola , Arthur J. Simon C. , Baldi Pierre , Pizzorusso Tommaso
Published: May 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation, but their role in postnatal brain development is still poorly explored. We show that the expression of many miRNAs is dramatically regulated during functional maturation of the mouse visual cortex with miR-132/212 family being one of the top upregulated miRNAs. Age-downregulated transcripts are significantly enriched in miR-132/miR-212 putative targets and in genes upregulated in miR-132/212 null mice. At a functional level, miR-132/212 deletion affects development of receptive fields of cortical neurons determining a specific impairment of binocular matching of orientation preference, but leaving orientation and direction selectivity unaltered. This deficit is associated with reduced depth perception in the visual cliff test. Deletion of miR-132/212 from forebrain excitatory neurons replicates the binocular matching deficits. Thus, miR-132/212 family shapes the age-dependent transcriptome of the visual cortex during a specific developmental window resulting in maturation of binocular cortical cells and depth perception.
A light-driven artificial flytrap
Authors: Wani Owies M. , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri
Published: May 2017

The sophistication, complexity and intelligence of biological systems is a continuous source of inspiration for mankind. Mimicking the natural intelligence to devise tiny systems that are capable of self-regulated, autonomous action to, for example, distinguish different targets, remains among the grand challenges in biomimetic micro-robotics. Herein, we demonstrate an autonomous soft device, a light-driven flytrap, that uses optical feedback to trigger photomechanical actuation. The design is based on light-responsive liquid-crystal elastomer, fabricated onto the tip of an optical fibre, which acts as a power source and serves as a contactless probe that senses the environment. Mimicking natural flytraps, this artificial flytrap is capable of autonomous closure and object recognition. It enables self-regulated actuation within the fibre-sized architecture, thus opening up avenues towards soft, autonomous small-scale devices.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicates genes associated with local and systemic resistance to Colletotrichum graminicola in maize
Authors: Miranda Vívian de Jesus , Porto William Farias , Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha , Pogue Robert , Nolasco Diego Oliveira , Araujo Ana Claudia Guerra , Cota Luciano Viana , Freitas Camila Guimarães de , Dias Simoni Campos , Franco Octavio Luiz
Published: May 2017

The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola may cause severe damage to maize, affecting normal development of the plant and decreasing grain yield. In this context, understanding plant defense pathways at the inoculation site and systemically in uninoculated tissues can help in the development of genetic engineering of resistance against this pathogen. Previous work has discussed the molecular basis of maize - C. graminicola interaction. However, many genes involved in defense have not yet been exploited for lack of annotation in public databases. Here, changes in global gene expression were studied in root, male and female inflorescences of maize under local and systemic fungal infection treatments, respectively. RNA-Seq with qPCR was used to indicate genes involved in plant defense. We found that systemic acquired resistance induction in female inflorescences mainly involves accumulation of salicylic acid (SA)-inducible defense genes (ZmNAC, ZmHSF, ZmWRKY, ZmbZIP and PR1) and potential genes involved in chromatin modification. Furthermore, transcripts involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways were also accumulated and may participate in plant immunity. Moreover, several genes were functionally re-annotated based on domain signature, indicating novel candidates to be tested in strategies involving gene knockout and overexpression in plants.
Aβ42 pentamers/hexamers are the smallest detectable oligomers in solution
Authors: Wolff Martin , Zhang-Haagen Bo , Decker Christina , Barz Bogdan , Schneider Mario , Biehl Ralf , Radulescu Aurel , Strodel Birgit , Willbold Dieter , Nagel-Steger Luitgard
Published: May 2017

Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers may play a decisive role in Alzheimer’s disease related neurodegeneration, but their structural properties are poorly understood. In this report, sedimentation velocity centrifugation, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and molecular modelling were used to identify the small oligomeric species formed by the 42 amino acid residue long isoform of Aβ (Aβ42) in solution, characterized by a sedimentation coefficient of 2.56 S, and a radius of gyration between 2 and 4 nm. The measured sedimentation coefficient is in close agreement with the sedimentation coefficient calculated for Aβ42 hexamers using MD simulations at µM concentration. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report detailing the Aβ42 oligomeric species by SANS measurements. Our results demonstrate that the smallest detectable species in solution are penta- to hexamers. No evidences for the presence of dimers, trimers or tetramers were found, although the existence of those Aβ42 oligomers at measurable quantities had been reported frequently.
Office paper decorated with silver nanostars - an alternative cost effective platform for trace analyte detection by SERS
Authors: Oliveira Maria João , Quaresma Pedro , Peixoto de Almeida Miguel , Araújo Andreia , Pereira Eulália , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Franco Ricardo , Águas Hugo
Published: May 2017

For analytical applications in portable sensors to be used in the point-of-need, low-cost SERS substrates using paper as a base, are an alternative. In this work, SERS substrates were produced on two different types of paper: a high porosity paper (Whatman no. 1); and a low porosity paper (commercially available office paper, Portucel Soporcel). Solutions containing spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver nanostars (AgNSs) were separately drop-casted on hydrophilic wells patterned on the papers. The porosity of the paper was found to play a determinant role on the AgNP and AgNS distribution along the paper fibres, with most of the nanoparticles being retained at the illuminated surface of the office paper substrate. The highest SERS enhancements were obtained for the office paper substrate, with deposited AgNSs. A limit of detection for rhodamine-6G as low as 11.4 ± 0.2 pg could be achieved, with an analytical enhancement factor of ≈107 for this specific analyte. The well patterning technique allowed good signal uniformity (RSD of 1.7%). Besides, these SERS substrates remained stable after 5 weeks of storage (RSD of 7.3%). Paper-induced aggregation of AgNPs was found to be a viable alternative to the classical salt-induced aggregation, to obtain a highly sensitive SERS substrates.
When agreement-accepting free-riders are a necessary evil for the evolution of cooperation
Authors: Martinez-Vaquero Luis A. , Han The Anh , Pereira Luís Moniz , Lenaerts Tom
Published: May 2017

Agreements and commitments have provided a novel mechanism to promote cooperation in social dilemmas in both one-shot and repeated games. Individuals requesting others to commit to cooperate (proposers) incur a cost, while their co-players are not necessarily required to pay any, allowing them to free-ride on the proposal investment cost (acceptors). Although there is a clear complementarity in these behaviours, no dynamic evidence is currently available that proves that they coexist in different forms of commitment creation. Using a stochastic evolutionary model allowing for mixed population states, we identify non-trivial roles of acceptors as well as the importance of intention recognition in commitments. In the one-shot prisoner’s dilemma, alliances between proposers and acceptors are necessary to isolate defectors when proposers do not know the acceptance intentions of the others. However, when the intentions are clear beforehand, the proposers can emerge by themselves. In repeated games with noise, the incapacity of proposers and acceptors to set up alliances makes the emergence of the first harder whenever the latter are present. As a result, acceptors will exploit proposers and take over the population when an apology-forgiveness mechanism with too low apology cost is introduced, and hence reduce the overall cooperation level.
Stroke triggers nigrostriatal plasticity and increases alcohol consumption in rats
Authors: Huang Cathy C. Y. , Ma Tengfei , Roltsch Hellard Emily A. , Wang Xuehua , Selvamani Amutha , Lu Jiayi , Sohrabji Farida , Wang Jun
Published: May 2017

Excessive alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for stroke, but the effect of stroke on alcohol intake is unknown. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and midbrain areas of the nigrostriatal circuit are critically associated to stroke and alcohol addiction. Here we sought to explore the influence of stroke on alcohol consumption and to uncover the underlying nigrostriatal mechanism. Rats were trained to consume alcohol using a two-bottle choice or operant self-administration procedure. Retrograde beads were infused into the DMS or midbrain to label specific neuronal types, and ischemic stroke was induced in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Slice electrophysiology was employed to measure excitability and synaptic transmission in DMS and midbrain neurons. We found that ischemic stroke-induced DLS infarction produced significant increases in alcohol preference, operant self-administration, and relapse. These increases were accompanied by enhanced excitability of DMS and midbrain neurons. In addition, glutamatergic inputs onto DMS D1-neurons was potentiated, whereas GABAergic inputs onto DMS-projecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons was suppressed. Importantly, systemic inhibition of dopamine D1 receptors attenuated the stroke-induced increase in operant alcohol self-administration. Our results suggest that the stroke-induced DLS infarction evoked abnormal plasticity in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and DMS D1-neurons, contributing to increased post-stroke alcohol-seeking and relapse.
Tuning the photoexcitation response of cyanobacterial Photosystem I via reconstitution into Proteoliposomes
Authors: Niroomand Hanieh , Mukherjee Dibyendu , Khomami Bamin
Published: May 2017

The role of natural thylakoid membrane housing of Photosystem I (PSI), the transmembrane photosynthetic protein, in its robust photoactivated charge separation with near unity quantum efficiency is not fundamentally understood. To this end, incorporation of suitable protein scaffolds for PSI incorporation is of great scientific and device manufacturing interest. Areas of interest include solid state bioelectronics, and photoelectrochemical devices that require bio-abio interfaces that do not compromise the photoactivity and photostability of PSI. Therefore, the surfactant-induced membrane solubilization of a negatively charged phospholipid (DPhPG) with the motivation of creating biomimetic reconstructs of PSI reconstitution in DPhPG liposomes is studied. Specifically, a simple yet elegant method for incorporation of PSI trimeric complexes into DPhPG bilayer membranes that mimic the natural thylakoid membrane housing of PSI is introduced. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements as well as direct visualization using atomic force microscopy. This study provides direct evidence that PSI confinements in synthetic lipid scaffolds can be used for tuning the photoexcitation characteristics of PSI. Hence, it paves the way for development of fundamental understanding of microenvironment alterations on photochemical response of light activated membrane proteins.
C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease
Authors: García-Ayllón María-Salud , Lopez-Font Inmaculada , Boix Claudia P. , Fortea Juan , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Lleó Alberto , Molinuevo José-Luis , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Sáez-Valero Javier
Published: May 2017

This study assesses whether C-terminal fragments (CTF) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their potential as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Immunoprecipitation and simultaneous assay by Western blotting using multiplex fluorescence imaging with specific antibodies against particular domains served to characterize CTFs of APP in human CSF. We demonstrate that APP-CTFs are detectable in human CSF, being the most abundant a 25-kDa fragment, probably resulting from proteolytic processing by η-secretase. The level of the 25-kDa APP-CTF was evaluated in three independent CSF sample sets of patients and controls. The CSF level of this 25-kDa CTF is higher in subjects with autosomal dominant AD linked to PSEN1 mutations, in demented Down syndrome individuals and in sporadic AD subjects compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that APP-CTF could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.
Correction: Corrigendum: Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD
Authors: Møller Svenning Rune , Yi Xueying , Velásquez Silvia Melina , Gille Sascha , Hansen Pernille Louise Munke , Poulsen Christian P. , Olsen Carl Erik , Rejzek Martin , Parsons Harriet , Yang Zhang , Wandall Hans H. , Clausen Henrik , Field Robert A. , Pauly Markus , Estevez Jose M. , Harholt Jesper , Ulvskov Peter , Petersen Bent Larsen
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45341; published online: 30 March 2017; updated: 23 May 2017. The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Zhang Yang, which was incorrectly given as Yang Zhang. The Author Contributions Statement, S.R.M., X.Y., S.M.V., S.G.
Absolute ion hydration enthalpies and the role of volume within hydration thermodynamics
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Brooke Jenkins H. Donald
Published: May 2017

This paper reports that various thermodynamic properties in aqueous media for certain individual ions and for compounds are linear functions of the inverse cube root of the solid respective ionic and compound solid state volumes, Vm−1/3.
Dielectric, optical and enhanced photocatalytic properties of CuCrO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad Tokeer , Phul Ruby , Alam Parvez , Lone Irfan H. , Shahazad Mohd. , Ahmed Jahangeer , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M.
Published: May 2017

Delafossite CuCrO2 nanoparticles with band gap energy of 3.09 eV and surface area of 235 m2 g−1 were prepared by citrate precursor route showed enhanced catalytic degradation of methylene blue in H2O under the sunlight irradiation.
Biocomposite consisting of miscanthus fiber and biodegradable binary blend matrix: compatibilization and performance evaluation
Authors: Muthuraj Rajendran , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar
Published: May 2017

Biocomposites were fabricated from miscanthus fibers and a blend composed of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix by extrusion and injection molding.
Controlled ROS production by corannulene: the vehicle makes a difference
Authors: Zhang Limei , Dong Xiaopeng , Lu Di , Liu Sihui , Ding Dan , Kong Deling , Fan Aiping , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanjun
Published: May 2017

The vehicle can dramatically influence corannulene's ability in terms of ROS production.
The strategies for identification and quantification of SUMOylation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Yueying , Tang Bo , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: May 2017

We review the strategies for enrichment, purification and identification of SUMOylation substrates and acceptor sites and ultrasensitive quantification of SUMOylation.
Non-stoichiometric MoO3−x quantum dots as a light-harvesting material for interfacial water evaporation
Authors: Ding Dandan , Huang Weicheng , Song Chuanqi , Yan Mei , Guo Chongshen , Liu Shaoqin
Published: May 2017

MoO3−x quantum dots possessing strong photoabsorption have been used for interfacial heating for water evaporation.
Three dimensional porous Hofmann clathrate [MIIPtII(CN)4]∞ (M = Co, Ni) synthesized by using postsynthetic reductive elimination
Authors: Okamura Takuro , Wu Bin , Iguchi Hiroaki , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Takaishi Shinya
Published: May 2017

We synthesized cyano-bridged three dimensional metal–organic frameworks [MII(H2O)2PtIV(CN)4Br2]∞·n(H2O) (1: M = Co, 2: M = Ni) with an NbO type topology.
Insights into the mechanism of electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction by a porphyrinic metal organic framework
Authors: Lions M. , Tommasino J.-B. , Chattot R. , Abeykoon B. , Guillou N. , Devic T. , Demessence A. , Cardenas L. , Maillard F. , Fateeva A.
Published: May 2017

Insights into the mechanism of electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction by a porphyrinic metal organic framework.
Thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting – progress and perspectives
Authors: Dupont M. F. , MacFarlane D. R. , Pringle J. M.
Published: May 2017

This feature article provides an overview of recent advances in the development of thermo-electrochemical cells for thermal energy harvesting applications.
Towards seamlessly-integrated textile electronics: methods to coat fabrics and fibers with conducting polymers for electronic applications
Authors: Allison Linden , Hoxie Steven , Andrew Trisha L.
Published: May 2017

Traditional textile materials can be transformed into functional electronic components upon being dyed or coated with films of intrinsically conducting polymers, such as poly(aniline), poly(pyrrole) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
Synthesis of well-defined pentagonally prismatic silver nanoparticles: role of bromide in (100) stabilization and facet preservation
Authors: Kitaev Vladimir , Subedi Tomendro
Published: May 2017

Use of bromide ions for (100) facet formation was demonstrated to produce silver pentagonal prism nanoparticles size and shape selectively.
A new approach to surface activation of porous nanomaterials using non-thermal helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment
Authors: Duriyasart Farkfun , Ohtani Masataka , Oh Jun-Seok , Hatta Akimitsu , Kobiro Kazuya
Published: May 2017

Facile treatment of mesoporous nanomaterials by a helium APPJ under optimum conditions activates the surface of the materials by removing contaminants without damaging their morphologies and surface properties.
Coupling between the photo-excited cyclic π system and the 4f electronic system in a lanthanide single molecule magnet
Authors: Kizaki K. , Ozawa H. , Kobayashi T. , Matsuoka R. , Sakaguchi Y. , Fuyuhiro A. , Fukuda T. , Ishikawa N.
Published: May 2017

Does the angular momentum of the 4f system couple with a photo-induced orbital angular momentum L in the cyclic π system in a lanthanide SMM?
Gold-catalyzed diastereoselective domino dearomatization/ipso-cyclization/aza-Michael sequence: a facile access to diverse fused azaspiro tetracyclic scaffolds
Authors: He Yi , Li Zhenghua , Tian Guilong , Song Liangliang , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: May 2017

A facile and diversity-oriented access to complex tetracyclic benzo[e]pyrrolo[2,3-c]indole-2,4,7(5H)-triones through a post-Ugi gold(i)-catalyzed domino dearomatization/ipso-cyclization/aza-Michael sequence is elaborated.
A chimeric design of heterospin 2p–3d, 2p–4f, and 2p–3d–4f complexes using a novel family of paramagnetic dissymmetric compartmental ligands
Authors: Patrascu Andrei A. , Calancea Sergiu , Briganti Matteo , Soriano Stéphane , Madalan Augustin M. , Cassaro Rafael A. Allão , Caneschi Andrea , Totti Federico , Vaz Maria G. F. , Andruh Marius
Published: May 2017

Original end-off bicompartmental ligands bearing a nitronyl–nitroxide arm have been designed for synthesizing various heterospin molecular systems.
Iron-catalyzed C–H/N–H activation by triazole guidance: versatile alkyne annulation
Authors: Cera G. , Haven T. , Ackermann L.
Published: May 2017

Iron-catalyzed C–H/N–H functionalizations were achieved by the aid of modular triazole amides.
The A-center defect in diamond: quantum mechanical characterization through the infrared spectrum
Authors: Salustro Simone , Sansone Giuseppe , Zicovich-Wilson Claudio M. , Noël Yves , Maschio Lorenzo , Dovesi Roberto
Published: May 2017

The A-center in diamond, which consists of two nitrogen atoms substituting two neighboring carbon atoms, has been investigated at the quantum mechanical level using an all-electron Gaussian type basis set, hybrid functionals and the periodic supercell approach.
Artefact suppression in 5-pulse double electron electron resonance for distance distribution measurements
Authors: Breitgoff Frauke D. , Soetbeer Janne , Doll Andrin , Jeschke Gunnar , Polyhach Yevhen O.
Published: May 2017

Long dipolar evolution data for membrane proteins with exponential electron spin relaxation can be achieved with spectral purity sufficient for robust data processing.
Toward high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of microscopic liquid samples
Authors: Butler Mark C. , Mehta Hardeep S. , Chen Ying , Reardon Patrick N. , Renslow Ryan S. , Khbeis Michael , Irish Duane , Mueller Karl T.
Published: May 2017

Pulse sequences robust to field inhomogeneity allow high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to be realized at a size scale that was previously inaccessible.
Deciphering the aqueous chemistry of glyoxal oxidation with hydrogen peroxide using molecular imaging
Authors: Sui Xiao , Zhou Yufan , Zhang Fei , Chen Jianmin , Zhu Zihua , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: May 2017

The first in situ molecular imaging study of glyoxal oxidation by hydrogen peroxide leading to the formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosols.
Can boron antisites of BNNTs be an efficient metal-free catalyst for nitrogen fixation? – A DFT investigation
Authors: Kumar Ch Venkata Surya , Subramanian Venkatesan
Published: May 2017

Nitrogen fixation is a challenging reaction under ambient conditions.
Photoelectrical properties of CdS/CdSe core/shell QDs modified anatase TiO2 nanowires and their application for solar cells
Authors: Qiu Qingqing , Wang Ping , Xu Lingling , Wang Dejun , Lin Yanhong , Xie Tengfeng
Published: May 2017

Anatase TiO2 nanowire (NW) films modified with inverted type-I CdS/CdSe core/shell structure QDs have been successfully prepared by the post synthesis ligand-assisted technique.
The photocurrent response in the perovskite device based on coordination polymers: structure, topology, band gap and matched energy levels
Authors: Luo Hai-Qiang , Xing Xiao-Han , Zhang Pan , Yan Zhi-Shuo , Zhou Qing-Feng , Gong Yun , Lin Jian-Hua
Published: May 2017

A coordination polymer (CP)-based device FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/CP shows a much larger visible light-driven photoresponse due to the matched energy levels, and it can improve the stability of the perovskite against water.
The influence of nearest-neighbour interactions and assembly dynamics on the transport properties of porphyrin supramolecular assemblies on Au(111)
Authors: Pawlicki Alison A. , Vilan Ayelet , Jurow Matthew , Drain Charles Michael , Batteas James D.
Published: May 2017

Here we report on the effect of local molecular organization or “tertiary structure” on the charge transport properties of thiol-tethered tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPPF4-SC5SH) nanoscale clusters of ca. 5 nm in lateral dimension embedded within a dodecanethiol (C12) monolayer on Au(111). The structure of the clusters in the mixed monolayers and their resulting transport properties were monitored by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Spectroscopy (STS). The mixed films were deposited on Au(111) for a period of one to five days, during which the lateral dimensions of the ZnTPPF4-SC5SH islands that were formed after one day reduced by nearly 35% on average by five days, accompanied by a noticeable depletion of the surrounding C12 monolayer. These subtle changes in mixed monolayer morphology were accompanied by drastic differences in conductance. The ZnTPPF4-SC5SH clusters assembled for one day exhibited highly reproducible I–V spectra with simple tunneling behavior. By three days, this evolved into bias-induced switching of conductance, with a ∼100–1000 fold increase. Furthermore, current fluctuations started to become significant, and then dominated transport across the ZnTPPF4-SC5SH clusters assembled over five days. Our data suggests that this evolution can be understood by slow surface diffusion, enabling the ZnTPPF4-SC5SH molecules to overcome initial steric hindrance in the early stages of island formation in the C12 monolayer (at day one), to reach a more energetically-favored, close-packed organization, as noted by the decrease in island size (by day three). However, when desorption of the supporting matrix of C12 became pronounced (by day five), the ZnTPPF4-SC5SH clusters began to lose stabilization, and stochastic switching was then observed to dominate transport in the clusters, illustrating the critical nature of the local organization on these transport properties.
Brønsted acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed tandem reaction: an efficient approach towards regioselective synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]coumarins under solvent-free conditions bearing lower E-factors
Authors: Mahato Sachinta , Santra Sougata , Chatterjee Rana , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Hajra Alakananda , Majee Adinath
Published: May 2017

1-Butane sulfonic acid-3-methylimidazolium tosylate, [BSMIM]OTs, is found to be a remarkable catalyst for the tandem cyclization of 4-hydroxycoumarin with chalcones.
A new method for TIMS high precision analysis of Ba and Sr isotopes for cosmochemical studies
Authors: Yobregat Elsa , Fitoussi Caroline , Bourdon Bernard
Published: May 2017

A new protocol using Eichron™ Sr-resin for high-resolution Sr and Ba isotope measurements using thermal ionization mass spectrometry for cosmochemical samples.
Structure-based design of novel combinatorially generated NBTIs as potential DNA gyrase inhibitors against various Staphylococcus aureus mutant strains
Authors: Kolaric Anja , Minovski Nikola
Published: May 2017

De novo identified combinatorially generated NBTIs as potential Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase inhibitors enabled us to propose novel NBTI SARs.
Efficient immobilization of enzymes onto magnetic nanoparticles by DNA strand displacement: a stable and high-performance biocatalyst
Authors: Song Jiayi , Su Ping , Yang Ye , Yang Yi
Published: May 2017

An efficient enzyme immobilization strategy based on toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement on modified magnetic nanoparticles was developed in this study.
Syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of a family of heterometallic octanuclear [Cu6Ln2] (Ln = Dy(iii), Tb(iii), Ho(iii), Er(iii), and Gd(iii)) complexes
Authors: Wang Hui-Sheng , Yang Feng-Jun , Long Qiao-Qiao , Huang Zhi-Yong , Chen Wei , Pan Zhi-Quan
Published: May 2017

Five novel [Cu6Ln2] complexes were synthesized, wherein LnIII ions are seven-coordinate and coordinated by one triethanolamine and three di-2-pyridyl ketone ligands, without coordinated solvent molecules and small anions.
Improved activity of palladium nanoparticles using a sulfur-containing metal–organic framework as an efficient catalyst for selective aerobic oxidation in water
Authors: Abedi Sedigheh , Morsali Ali
Published: May 2017

Synergism of thiophene and confinement of MOF with time of Pd entrance leads an efficient catalyst for oxidation in water.
Facile fabrication of CdS/CdSe core–shell nanowire heterostructure for solar cell applications
Authors: Majumder Sutripto , Sankapal Babasaheb R.
Published: May 2017

Hierarchical one-dimensional CdS nanowires (NWs)/CdSe core–shell heterostructure have been synthesized through a simple wet chemical approach.
14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-Octanitro-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane and its derivatives: thermally stable explosives with outstanding properties
Authors: Zhang XingCheng , Xiong HuaLin , Yang HongWei , Cheng Guangbin
Published: May 2017

Herein, the novel, thermally stable explosive 14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octanitro-2,4,6,8-tetraoxa-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane (4a) and its derivatives are reported.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of picric acid using a one pot biomolecule inspired polyindole/CdS nanocomposite
Authors: Faraz Mohd , Shakir Mohammad , Khare Neeraj
Published: May 2017

Picric acid has become a serious pollution source of groundwater, soil and other security applications due to its explosivity and high toxicity.
Nanoscale triplet exciton diffusion via imaging of up-conversion emission from single hybrid nanoparticles in molecular crystals
Authors: Narushima Kaishi , Hirata Shuzo , Vacha Martin
Published: May 2017

Direct microscopic measurement of triplet exciton diffusion leads to accurate nanoscale characterization of crystalline photon up-conversion materials, and can be used for the design up-conversion systems working under low light intensity.
Dark current reduction strategies using edge-on aligned donor polymers for high detectivity and responsivity organic photodetectors
Authors: Eom Seung Hun , Nam So Youn , Do Hee Jin , Lee Jaemin , Jeon Sangho , Shin Tae Joo , Jung In Hwan , Yoon Sung Cheol , Lee Changjin
Published: May 2017

The difluorobenzene-incorporated polymer showed strong ordering in edge-on mode, resulting in a significant reduction in the leakage current, and thus PFBT2OBT:PC70BM devices showed highly improved detectivity of over 1013 Jones at −2V.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a peptide containing nylon monomer units for thermally processable peptide material application
Authors: Yazawa Kenjiro , Gimenez-Dejoz Joan , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Hikima Takaaki , Numata Keiji
Published: May 2017

Chemoenzymatic polymerization by papain produced the copolymer of l-leucine and nylon monomers, which showed melting behavior at around 200 °C.
β-{Cr[RC(CH2O)3]2Mo6O18}3−: the first organically-functionalized β isomer of Anderson-type polyoxometalates
Authors: Zhang Jiangwei , Huang Yichao , Hao Jian , Wei Yongge
Published: May 2017

The first organically-functionalized butterfly-shaped β isomer of Anderson-type polyoxometalates was discovered, which will enrich polyoxometalates chemistry.
A new approach to arylhydrazides via the reaction of the Mitsunobu reagent with arynes: further application to access diverse nitrogen-containing heterocycles in one pot
Authors: Cheng Bin , Bao Bian , Chen Yanhe , Wang Ning , Li Yun , Wang Renqi , Zhai Hongbin
Published: May 2017

A new route to arylhydrazides involving the reaction of two highly active intermediates, the 1,3-zwitterion generated in situ from the Mitsunobu reagent and arynes, under mild conditions has been developed.
Digital immunoassay of a prostate-specific antigen using gold nanorods and magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Liang , Li Guohua , Sun Shuqing , Tan Hui , He Yonghong
Published: May 2017

We have demonstrated a highly sensitive digital immunoassay for PSA detection.
IMM-H004, a coumarin derivative, attenuated brain ischemia/reperfusion injuries and subsequent inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats through inhibition of VCAM-1
Authors: Yang Peng-Fei , Song Xiu-Yun , Zeng Ting , Ai Qi-Di , Liu Dan-Dan , Zuo Wei , Zhang Shuai , Xia Cong-Yuan , He Xin , Chen Nai-Hong
Published: May 2017

We studied the effect of IMM-H004 in treating brain I/R injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats and showed that IMM-H004 could efficiently ameliorate neurological defects and infarct volume in a time and dose dependent manner.
A binary polymer composite of graphitic carbon nitride and poly(diphenylbutadiyne) with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lei Juying , Liu Fenghui , Wang Lingzhi , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: May 2017

A polymer composite consisting of g-C3N4 and PDPB with efficient and stable photocatalytic performance for degradation of organic pollutants has been developed.
Biomedical films of graphene nanoribbons and nanoflakes with natural polymers
Authors: Silva Magda , Caridade Sofia G. , Vale Ana C. , Cunha Eunice , Sousa Maria P. , Mano João F. , Paiva Maria C. , Alves Natália M.
Published: May 2017

Novel nanostructured free-standing films based on chitosan, alginate and functionalized flake and ribbon-shaped graphene were developed using the layer-by-layer process.
Enabling the facile conversion of acyl hydrazides into N-acyl carbamates via metal-free ionic-based rupture of the N–N linkage
Authors: Shamsabadi André , Ren Jack , Chudasama Vijay
Published: May 2017

A facile, one-pot procedure for the conversion of readily accessible acyl hydrazides into N-acyl carbamates.
Identifying the first folded alkylbenzene via ultraviolet, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy of pentylbenzene through decylbenzene
Authors: Hewett Daniel M. , Bocklitz Sebastian , Tabor Daniel P. , Sibert III Edwin L. , Suhm Martin A. , Zwier Timothy S.
Published: May 2017

The shortest possible single-chain alkylbenzene to exist in a folded conformation is determined using spectroscopic and theoretical techniques.
A 2D free-standing film-inspired electrocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen production
Authors: Gao Jian , Cheng Zhihua , Shao Changxiang , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti
Published: May 2017

A high electrocatalytic performance free-standing film based on molybdenum carbide nanoribbons between N-doped graphene nanolayers was developed.
Se doping: an effective strategy toward Fe2O3 nanorod arrays for greatly enhanced solar water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Rong , Yang Lin , Huang Xueni , Chen Tao , Qu Fengli , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: May 2017

Se doped Fe2O3 nanorod arrays (Se-Fe2O3) show superior solar water oxidation activity driving 1.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. the RHE in 1.0 M NaOH under simulated light irradiation, 3.13 times that of pure Fe2O3, with a 90 mV cathodic shift of onset potential.
Volatile alcohol-responsive visual sensors based on P(HEMA-co-MA)-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystals
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Yuqi , Zhou Ru , Gao Loujun
Published: May 2017

A P(HEMA-co-MA) infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal was used as a visual sensor for detecting volatile alcohols based on a reversible stopband shift.
Flapping viscosity probe that shows polarity-independent ratiometric fluorescence
Authors: Kotani Ryota , Sotome Hikaru , Okajima Hajime , Yokoyama Soichi , Nakaike Yumi , Kashiwagi Akihiro , Mori Chigusa , Nakada Yuki , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Osuka Atsuhiro , Sakamoto Akira , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Saito Shohei
Published: May 2017

Flapping fluorophores (FLAP) have been developed as a new series of molecular viscosity probes that show polarity-independent ratiometric fluorescence properties.
Room temperature phosphorescence from moisture-resistant and oxygen-barred carbon dot aggregates
Authors: Chen Yonghao , He Jiangling , Hu Chaofan , Zhang Haoran , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang
Published: May 2017

Aggregation-induced room temperature phosphorescence of carbon dots was first found and the relevant mechanism was investigated.
Regulating temperature and relative humidity in air–liquid interface in vitro systems eliminates cytotoxicity resulting from control air exposures
Authors: Zavala Jose , Greenan Rebecca , Krantz Q. Todd , DeMarini David M. , Higuchi Mark , Gilmour M. Ian , White Paul A.
Published: May 2017

Modifications to a VITROCELL exposure system were required to mitigate cytotoxicity caused by the absence of temperature and humidity control.
A reappraised meta-analysis of the genetic association between vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk
Authors: Areeshi Mohammed Y. , Mandal Raju K. , Dar Sajad A. , Alshahrani Abdulrahman M. , Ahmad Aqeel , Jawed Arshad , Wahid Mohd , Lohani Mohtashim , Panda Aditya K. , Haque Shafiul
Published: May 2017

BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism located in intron 8 at the 3′-end of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is known to be involved in the regulation of mRNA stability. Many studies evaluated the possible correlation between VDR BsmI polymorphism and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and reported conflicting results. In the present study, an updated meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the above-said association. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar web-databases were searched for the relevant studies and a meta-analysis was performed by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all the genetic models. A total of 19 studies comprising 3644 controls and 2635 cases were included in the present study. Overall no association of PTB in allelic contrast (b compared with B: P=0.285; OR =0.909, 95% CI =0.762–1.083), homozygous (bb compared with BB: P=0.881; OR =0.975, 95% CI =0.700–1.359), heterozygous (bB compared with BB: P=0.834; OR =1.017, 95% CI =0.872–1.185), dominant (bb compared with BB + Bb: P=0.451; OR =0.954, 95% CI =0.843–1.079) and recessive (bb + Bb compared with BB: P=0.983; OR =1.002, 95% CI =0.868–1.156) genetic models in comparison with wild-type allele and genotype BB were observed. However, variant allele (b compared with B: P=0.001; OR =2.289, 95% CI =1.661–3.154) showed increased risk of PTB in Asians. In conclusion, VDR BsmI polymorphism is not a risk factor for PTB in overall population. However, this polymorphism may be interrelated to an increased risk of PTB amongst Asians.
Typicality Effect and Category Structure in Spanish–English Bilingual Children and Adults
Authors: Shivabasappa Prarthana , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The study examines the typicality effect in Spanish–English bilingual children and adults in their 2 languages.

Method

Two studies were conducted using a category-generation task to compare the typical items generated by children with those generated by adults. Children in the 1st study differed orthogonally with respect to age (older, younger) and language use (higher Spanish use, higher English use). In the 2nd study, the older and younger children were matched with adults on their current Spanish use to delineate the influence of test language and age.

Results

Children with higher English use generated more typical items, and these occurred earlier in their word lists in English than in Spanish. Participants at all levels of Spanish experience generated fewer typical items in Spanish than in English. Thus, there was less convergence of items considered typical among participants in Spanish. Older and younger children did not differ in the number of typical items generated. However, when participants were matched for language use, older children produced typical items earlier in their word lists than did younger children.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the influence of language use and test language in generation of typical items in bilingual children.

Supplemental Materials:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5089888
Fault‐tolerant electric drive and space‐phasor modulation of flux‐switching permanent magnet machine for aerospace application
Authors: Wang Lie , Aleksandrov Samuil , Tang Yang , Paulides Johannes J.H. , Lomonova Elena A.
Published: May 2017

This study investigates how to improve the fault tolerance or availability of an electrical drive containing a three‐phase 12 stator teeth/10 rotor poles (12/10) the flux‐switching permanent magnet machine. In this respect, space‐vector modulation and space‐phasor modulation will be analysed in this type of machine for control scheme design under three‐phase operation. While for safety critical applications, availability requires that during faults, such as loss of one inverter phase leg or open circuit of one machine phase winding, the electrical drive system remains partly operational. Therefore, initial research is given in this study on the implementation of control algorithms that drives the machine under normal condition and preserves the electromagnetic torque under phase open‐circuit faults.
Effective and adaptive algorithm for pepper‐and‐salt noise removal
Authors: Chen Qing‐Qiang , Hung Mao‐Hsiung , Zou Fumin
Published: May 2017

According to the characteristic of pepper‐and‐salt noise, the authors first classify pixels in a polluted image into two classes: suspected noise and noise‐free pixels. For a suspected noisy pixel, by counting the number of closed grey‐level and noise‐free pixels in a neighbourhood, one can correctly determine a noise or a noise‐free pixel. Noise filtering does not process noise‐free pixels. For the noisy pixels, an adaptive filtering algorithm with weighting mean based on Euler distance achieves excellent noise removal and good detail preservation. The algorithm can handle different noise levels, and the authors do not need to manually adjust the parameters and thresholds. The experimental results indicate that the authors’ proposed method effectively filters pepper‐and‐salt noise. The authors note that when noise‐free and noisy pixels with the same grey level appear in the polluted images, the noise‐removal performance by the proposed method is much more excellent than those of the other existing methods.
Standalone fuel cell generation system with different tracking techniques: economic analysis
Authors: Karunamurthy Kumaraswamy Venkataraghavan , Quaicoe John E.
Published: May 2017

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can be operated at different points such as the maximum power point (MPP) to extract maximum power and the maximum efficiency point (MEP) to operate at maximum efficiency. However, the different tracking techniques influence the cost of electricity (COE) of the fuel cell generation system. In this paper, the economic analysis of the PEMFC with the MPP tracking (MPPT) and MEP tracking (MEPT) techniques using the HOMER energy system analysis software is presented. A detailed comparison of the economic impact of the tracking techniques for ten load configurations of a standalone fuel cell generation system, which includes combined heat and power (CHP) loads is presented and discussed. Finally, based on economic considerations, a procedure to select a suitable tracking technique for particular requirements of the standalone PEMFC application is proposed. It is found that in the case of CHP configuration, the MPPT technique is the preferred technique to achieve low COE.
Dynamic tension test and intelligent coordinated control system of a heavy scraper conveyor
Authors: Wang Haijian , Zhang Qiang , Xie Fei
Published: May 2017

In this study, a dynamic tension test and an intelligent coordinated control system were designed for the monitoring of the dynamic tension of a heavy scraper conveyor and the realisation of coordinated control for driving scraper conveyor sprockets under a heavy load. As a subsystem, the dynamic tension test system is composed of strain gages, a wireless signal‐transmitting device, and a piezoelectric energy harvester. The strain gages were installed in the chains meshed with the scrapers to measure the dynamic tension. The wireless signal‐transmitting device was used to transmit a weak strain signal. The piezoelectric energy harvester was used to power both the strain gages and the wireless signal‐transmitting device. In addition, the coordinated control system, which was established using a parameter self‐tuning fuzzy proportion, integration and differentiation controller was used to adjust the load balance and the dynamic tension between the two driving sprockets. The tested values demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic tension test system and its self‐power stability. Furthermore, experiment results using the coordinated control system indicated its ability to balance the load and dynamic tension between the two driving sprockets. Hence, the maintenance cycle and service life of the heavy scraper conveyor were extended, and the maintenance cost and energy consumption were reduced.
Planck’s dusty GEMS
Authors: Cañameras R. , Nesvadba N. , Kneissl R. , Frye B. , Gavazzi R. , Koenig S. , Le Floc’h E. , Limousin M. , Oteo I. , Scott D.
Published: May 2017

We present an analysis of high-resolution ALMA interferometry of CO(4–3) line emission and dust continuum in the “Ruby” (PLCK_G244.8+54.9), a bright, gravitationally lensed galaxy at z = 3.0 discovered with the Planck all-sky survey. The Ruby is the brightest of Planck’s dusty GEMS, a sample of 11 of the brightest gravitationally lensed high-redshift galaxies on the extragalactic sub-mm sky. We resolve the high-surface-brightness continuum and CO line emission of the Ruby in several extended clumps along a partial, nearly circular Einstein ring with 1.4′′ diameter around a massive galaxy at z = 1.5. Local star-formation intensities are up to 2000 M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2, amongst the highest observed at high redshift, and clearly in the range of maximal starbursts. Gas-mass surface densities are a few × 104M⊙ pc-2. The Ruby lies at, and in part even above, the starburst sequence in the Schmidt-Kennicutt diagram, and at the limit expected for star formation that is self-regulated through the kinetic energy injection from radiation pressure, stellar winds, and supernovae. We show that these processes can also inject sufficient kinetic energy and momentum into the gas to explain the turbulent line widths, which are consistent with marginally gravitationally bound molecular clouds embedded in a critically Toomre-stable disk. The star-formation efficiency is in the range 1–10% per free-fall time, consistent with the notion that the pressure balance that sets the local star-formation law in the Milky Way may well be universal out to the highest star-formation intensities. AGN feedback is not necessary to regulate the star formation in the Ruby, in agreement with the absence of a bright AGN component in the infrared and radio regimes.
Boron-Catalyzed Hydrogenative Reduction of Substituted Quinolines to Tetrahydroquinolines with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok , Gandhamsetty Narasimhulu
Published: May 2017

A metal-free procedure for the hydrogenative reduction of substituted N-heteroaromatics has been developed by using hydrosilanes as reducing agents. The optimized conditions were successfully applied to the reactions of quinolines, quinoxalines, and quinoline N-oxides. They were also effective for the reduction of quinolines bearing amino or hydroxy groups, where H2 was evolved through dehydrogenative silylation of the amine or hydroxy moieties. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the initial step in the catalytic cycle involves 1,4-addition of the hydrosilane to the quinoline to give a 1,4-dihydroquinoline; this is followed by (transfer) hydrogenation to deliver the tetrahydroquinoline as the final product.