PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF OIL SPILL IN SHENZHEN PORT
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Yang Fan , Wang Deyao , Pan Yuanyuan , Zhang Chenlong , Fu Rui 
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of offshore oil leakage has increased the risk of offshore oil pollution. According to statistics, in the 1970s, there were two tanker accidents every week in the world. The American oil tanker “Tory Canyon” drowned in the English Channel after hitting a rock in 1967, and the “Exxon Valdez” ran aground in 1989. Oil tanker leakage has had a significant impact on the marine environment, economy and human health. Therefore, we must focus on the safety of oil tanker transportation in the port, so as to protect the mental health and property of the crew and the marine environment. The mental health of crew members in closed environment is also controversial.

Research Objects and Methods

A survey was conducted in Xiadong port, Shekou port and Ma'an port of Shenzhen port. Through questionnaire survey, expert interview and field survey, the comprehensive evaluation index system of coastal ports is determined, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is constructed. Finally, correlation analysis is used to determine the impact of each component on risk. Watson and friend (1969) defined “fear of negative evaluation” (fne) as being superior to others' evaluation, being distressed by others' negative evaluation, and expecting to be negatively evaluated by others.The items of this scale are completely consistent with the above concepts. The prototype of fne scale (Watson and friend, 1969) contains 30 “yes and no” items, of which the positive and negative scores are roughly the same. The revised concise scale (Leary, 1983) contains 12 items in the original scale and is rated at level 5 (1 = completely inconsistent with me: 5 = very consistent with me). The score range of the original fne scale is from. (minimum fne) to 30 (maximum fne). The concise scale ranged from 12 to 60. The opposite of high fne is that there is no guarantee of excellence in the evaluation of others, but not necessarily the expectation or need for positive evaluation. The average score of 205 college students in the original table was 15.5 (SD = 8.6), and the score was rectangular distribution. The mean score of another sample composed of 128 subjects was 13.6 (SD = 7.6) A. The mean score of the sample (n = 150) used to compile the 12 item concise scale was 35.7 (SD = 8.1).

Results

The results show that: (1) the risk value of oil spill in Xiadong port is the largest, followed by Shekou port and Mawan port. The average oil spill risk level of oil tankers in the three ports is “general risk”; (2) The responsibility coefficient is an important index to measure the safety of oil tankers; (3) In terms of natural environmental factors, Xiadong port is dominated by wind, Shekou port and Mawan port are dominated by visibility and velocity; Among the navigation environment factors, the navigation conditions of Xiadong port are the main factors affecting the safety of oil tankers, while the density is the main factor affecting the safety of oil tankers in the other two ports. The results showed that the scores of the four dimensions of suicide attitude in the two groups were less than 2 points, and the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). After 8 weeks of cognitive behavioral intervention, the average scores of crew members in the four dimensions of understanding the nature of suicidal behavior, attitude towards suicides, attitude towards family members of suicides and attitude towards euthanasia were significantly higher than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.01). It is suggested that cognitive behavioral intervention can change the cognition and attitude of depression patients towards suicide

Conclusion

The results of this study provide basis and support for port area and ship safety management decision-making, and have certain practical guiding significance. According to the evaluation model, ports and shipping companies can determine the risk degree of ships in the sea area and take appropriate preventive measures to reduce oil leakage. However, this paper also has some defects that need to be improved: (1) although the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has certain advantages in the case of relatively few accident data, the acquisition of its weight needs to be combined with expert experience, so it is difficult to avoid the subjectivity of its view, which has a certain impact on the final evaluation. (2) There are many factors affecting the oil spill risk of oil tankers. With the passage of time, the port environment and ship structure will change, and the factors affecting oil leakage will also change. At the same time, by comparing the effects of depression on crew suicidal ideation in a closed environment, this study found that cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the suicidal ideation of depressed patients. It can not only effectively improve patients' depression and suicide attitude, but also make patients face difficulties and setbacks rationally, and better adapt to the society. It is worthy of clinical promotion. (3) The tanker data used in this risk analysis is limited. If you want to obtain more comprehensive and rigorous analysis results, you should collect more data with the help of Shenzhen municipal government.