bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Illicit Methamphetamine Labs: Is Precursor Control the Answer?
Authors: Coleman John J.
Published: December 2016

Reducing illicit methamphetamine (meth) labs poses many unique challenges. For more than 30 years, the government’s strategy has relied on controlling certain chemicals and precursors used by amateur chemists (called “cooks”) to make meth. Some states have pursued additional controls, including, for example, requiring prescriptions for popular drug products that can be used as meth precursors. In this paper we review the government’s anti-meth strategies and assess their effectiveness. Our findings suggest that, historically, precursor controls have caused only limited and temporary disruptions in meth production because cooks are quick to adapt and use alternate methods for making meth. Our data review uncovered limitations in a national database that has been used for more than a decade by federal and state agencies to track meth production and formulate anti-meth strategies. The continued use of these data, we conclude, has contributed to wasteful federal spending that, in turn, has distorted the scope and nature of the domestic meth lab problem.
L’influence de la Confessionnalisation dans les premiers moments de la révolte des Pays-Bas
Authors: Hortal Muñoz José Eloy
Published: December 2016

The process of Confessionalization followed by Philip II was limited to the control of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction in his kingdoms and the justification of its politics for religious reasons. This attitude forced the papacy to follow the political and religious interests of the Spanish monarchy during the second half of the XVIth century, albeit against its will. This politic was supported at the Spanish Court by the “castellanist” faction, headed by the IIId duke of Alba, which imposed its ideas over the contrary “ebolist” one around 1565. Due to this, Philip II decided that the “Gran Duque” was the adequate person to appease the complicated situation of the Habsburg Netherlands, imposing at those lands the ideas related with the Confessionalization that he supported and that Granvelle had started to apply. To achieve the objective, Alba used different tools, like the shape of the new bishoprics created by the Super Universas bull of 1559, the Conseils des Troubles, the imposition of the alcabala, the application of the tridentine decrees, the concesion of rewards or the Perdón General. Nonetheless, as we know, this politic was a fiasco, because Alba was not able to obtain enough supports neither at the Brussels Court nor at the Madrid one.
The Legacy of a Strasbourg Preacher
Authors: Ittzés Gábor
Published: December 2016

Basilius Faber’s Vnterrichtungen von den letzten Hendeln der Welt (1564) was one of the great publishing successes of the sixteenth century. Starting from the fifth edition (1569), a semi-independent tract was published with it on the departed souls’ immortality and state. That Tractetlein exhibits remarkable parallels with Part 3 of Vom Leiblichen Todt (1560) by Strasbourg theologian Melchior Specker. On the basis of close structural, thematic, and textual analysis it is argued that Faber was indeed heavily relying on Specker’s work, hardly known today. Their connection throws light on Faber’s specific achievement in reworking his source material, can serve as a case study of early modern literary borrowing, and clears the way to further research on the origins of the Lutheran doctrine of individual eschatology in the early confessional age.
Francis Lucas ‘of Bruges’ and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate Before and After the Sixto-Clementine (1592)
Authors: Gerace Antonio
Published: December 2016

This article deals with to the little known but very influential Leuven biblical scholar Francis Lucas ‘of Bruges’ (1548/9–1619). In particular, it traces the change of methodology in Lucas’ textual critical activity, due to publishing of the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate (1592), intended by the Vatican as the definitive text of the Vulgate. The author shows how Lucas was a realist and adapted his scholarly activities in the field of textual criticism to the contemporary ecclesiastical policies and sensitivities through the analysis of Lucas’ works.
“Esse redimendum sepulchrum dominicum per Fridricum imperatorem”
Authors: Giardini Marco
Published: December 2016

In a passage from De abroganda missa private, Frederick the Wise was celebrated by Luther as the one who made possible the liberation of the “Holy Sepulchre” of the Scriptures, held captive by “papists”. In doing so, the German reformer drew from the ancient eschatological prophecy of the “Last World Emperor”, originated in the Syriac environments of the seventh century, rapidly spread in Latin Christianity during the Middle Ages. Since the death of Frederick II, numerous versions and adaptations of this prophecy scattered all over the Empire and announced the advent of a “Third Frederick”, who was supposed to emerge from darkness and complete the Church Reformation set up by the Swabian emperor but never accomplished because of his sudden and unexpected disappearance and the utter hostility of the Popes. The article sheds light on the developments of this prophecy from the Late Middle Ages up to the Reformation writings of sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
A Woman Printer and Her Readers in Early Modern Transylvania
Authors: Czintos Emese
Published: December 2016

The printing press of Gáspár Heltai had an outstanding role in the popularization of the epic in verse (históriás ének), the most popular secular and vernacular literary genre of sixteenth century Hungarian literature, especially in the period when the press was taken over by the widow of the notable priest and printer. The paper treats the publishing activity Gáspár Heltai’s widow in comparison with her husband’s, based on the output of epic in verse of this printing press, investigating the reasons behind their changing agendas. The printing policies of the two printers are presented in a successive as well as a comparative approach, highlighting both the differences between, and the continuity of, their activity. The discussion of Mrs Heltai’s enterprise also fills a gap in the history of Hungarian typography, as long as the operation of the press after Heltai’s death is quite sketchily known. The paper also argues that Mrs Heltai was a successful businesswoman, while it also examines the possible audience of her many historical songs, hypothesizing about a possible female audience. Finally, the paper includes a brief overview of the afterlife of the Heltai-typography in the seventeenth century, trying to explain the decline of the genre.
Antithrombin improves the maternal and neonatal outcomes but not the angiogenic factors in extremely growth-restricted fetuses at <28 weeks of gestation
Authors: Fujisaki Midori , Furuta Ken , Ohhashi Masanao , Furukawa Seishi , Kodama Yuki , Kawagoe Yasuyuki , Sameshima Hiroshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu
Published: December 2016

Aims:

Severe preterm fetal growth restriction (FGR) remote from term is problematic. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternally-administered antithrombin on maternal and neonatal outcomes. A prospective, one-arm, pilot study was performed in 14 women with severe FGR (≤5th centile) at <28 weeks of gestation, without hypertensive disorders. Maternal plasma concentrations of soluble Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like trypsin kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured and categorized into three groups: group 1; low sFlt-1 and high PlGF, group 2; moderate sFlt-1 and low PlGF, and group 3; high sFlt-1 and low PlGF. Antithrombin was administered for 3 days. The incidence of perinatal mortality, infant morbidity, and the period of pregnancy prolongation were compared.

Results:

In group 1 (n=4), their pregnancies were extended for longer periods and the maternal and infant outcomes were good. The prolongation periods were shorter in groups 2 (n=3) and 3 (n=7), which resulted in poor maternal [severe preeclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome] and infant outcomes.

Conclusions:

The evaluation of the maternal sFlt-1 and PlGF at 21–27 weeks of gestation is useful in the managements of severe FGR. Antithrombin treatment could prolong the pregnancies with low sFlt-1 and high PlGF without negatively affecting maternal or fetal health.
Developing Legislation to Formalise Customary Land Management: Deep Legal Pluralism or a Shallow Veneer?
Authors: Farran Sue , Corrin Jennifer
Published: December 2016

One of the many post-colonial claims of indigenous people is the re-assertion of their rights over their land and its resources. Colonial history has created for many people a plural legal system and this, combined with social and economic changes, presents new challenges for development in the realm of traditional or customary land. This article focuses on the Pacific island state of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides. At independence in 1980 allodial title to all land was returned to the custom owners while colonial forms of land law were also retained. In 2013, after nearly a decade of concern about land alienation, the Vanuatu government introduced the Custom Land Management Act. This article critically analyses this attempt to safeguard customary law and customary institutions in formal, written law, considering in particular the implications for law and development in a plural land law regime.
AFM studies of pits formation on KBr(1 0 0) during its dissolution by water
Authors: Pers Justyna , Barwiński Bogdan , Grodzicki Miłosz , Ciszewski Antoni
Published: December 2016

The formation of etch pits along screw dislocations on KBr(1 0 0) surface during its dissolution by water is investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Clean KBr(1 0 0) is obtained by cleavage. A weak solution of water in isopropyl alcohol is used to investigate the etching in real time. Observations of the etch pit evolution with etching time show that concentration of atomic steps on the pit walls and dissolution rate of the walls vary up to complete dissolution of the screw dislocation. The screw dislocation removal stabilizes the dissolution, resulting in constant values of atomic steps concentration on the pit walls and their dissolution rate during further etching, which continues according to the crystal dissolution stepwave model. It was found that the movement of AFM scanning tip essentially affected the etching process.
Investigation of optical properties of silicon oxynitride films deposited by RF PECVD method
Authors: Kijaszek Wojciech , Oleszkiewicz Waldemar , Zakrzewski Adrian , Patela Sergiusz , Tłaczała Marek
Published: December 2016

In this study, the authors deposited silicon oxynitride films by Radio Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (RF PECVD) method. The research explores the relationship between the deposition process parameters and the optical properties of the deposited SiOxNy films. The optical constants of SiOxNy films were measured and calculated by spectroscopic ellipsometry method. Additionally, the authors investigated the possibility of controlling the deposited film composition by the flow ratio of different gaseous precursors: ammonia (NH3), diluted silane (2%SiH4/98%N2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2). The gas mixture introduced to the working chamber during the growth of the film has the influence on the Si–O and Si–N bonds formation and the ratio between these bonds determines the refractive index of the deposited film.
InP nanowires quality control using SEM and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Grodecki K. , Dumiszewska E. , Romaniec M. , Strupinski W.
Published: December 2016

Three different types of samples of InP nanowires, i.e. undoped, doped with Si and doped with Te, were grown and measured using SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed differences in the length, homogeneity and curvature of the nanowires. The most homogenous wires, grown most perpendicular to the surface, were those Si doped. They were also the shortest. Raman spectroscopy showed that the nanowires doped with Si had the lowest Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) TO band, which suggests the highest crystal quality of these wires. For the wires doped with Te, which were the most inhomogeneous, a low energy acoustic band was also observed, which suggests the lowest crystal quality of these structures.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-((naphthalen-1-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol, C17H12N2O3
Authors: Bülbül Hakan , Köysal Yavuz , Macit Mustafa , Yaman Rukiye , Dege Necmi
Published: December 2016

C17H12N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2641(5) Å, b = 12.3968(6) Å, c = 16.1786(13) Å, β = 108.200(6)°, V = 1384.02(16) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0905, wRref(F2) = 0.1928, T = 293(2) K.
English psych verbs and the causative alternation: A case study in the history of English
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the absence of the causative alternation with psych predicates in English from a comparative perspective. It argues that English lacks the psych causative alternation due to a combination of factors that have been pointed out independently in the literature, but not discussed in the context of the literature on the causative alternation in the non-psych domain: i) several object experiencer predicates got reanalyzed as subject experiencer verbs, ii) English borrowed new object experiencer predicates from verb classes that do not participate in the causative alternation, and ii) the v as well as the Voice layer of English that participated in the building of these verbs were also affected by changes in their properties.
What can psycholinguistic research on word class ambiguities tell us about categories?
Authors: Błaszczak Joanna , Klimek-Jankowska Dorota
Published: December 2016

This paper is a contribution to a long-standing debate between constructionist, lexicalist, and emergentist schools of thought related to the question of what determines the category of lexically ambiguous words whose meanings belong to different syntactic categories (e.g., duck, walk). In the lexicalist view part-of-speech information is stored in the mental lexicon. According to the syntax-first (or constructionist) view, the ambiguous word is assigned to the syntactic category NOUN or VERB solely on the basis of the morphosyntactic frame in which it occurs irrespective of its meaning. In contrast, the emergentist view assumes an interaction of many constraints (semantic and syntactic) whereby semantic constraints are weaker than syntactic constraints in the resolution of word class ambiguities because while semantic context only favors one of the meanings of ambiguous words but does not exclude the competitors, syntactic context supports one meaning of an ambiguous word by ruling out its alternative interpretation. We intend to provide an overview of recent psycholinguistic studies focusing on the processing of word-class ambiguities in order to show that the syntax-first approach is too restrictive while the emergentist view is too permissive. What seems to be at issue is that when grammatical category-ambiguous words are processed, it is not that all constraints are available at the same time and they compete but rather different sources of information can be predicted to affect the process of lexical disambiguation at different stages during processing.
Extraction out of adjectival secondary predicates in English and Spanish: A nanosyntactic account
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Jiménez-Fernández Ángel L.
Published: December 2016

In this article, we explore the conditions under which prima facie adjectival adjuncts projected as depictive modifiers inside verbal phrases allow extraction. Building on the analysis of gerund clauses proposed in Fábregas and Jiménez-Fernández (in press), we argue that their empirical behaviour shows that, whenever these adjectival constituents license extraction, they are projections of PathP that form a verbal complex with the verb inside a single syntactic domain. This forces the conclusion that adjunct adjectives must be projected as PathPs, and in the last part of the paper we show that this proposal in fact explains two properties of these elements without further stipulations: they always receive a stage level interpretation, and cannot combine with pure stative verbs.
Perfect usage across languages
Authors: Swart Henriëtte de
Published: December 2016

The PERFECT constitutes a puzzling category for typologists, historical linguists and formal semanticists alike. Is it a tense? Is it an aspect? Which grammatical forms qualify as PERFECTS? What is the core of the PERFECT meaning? This short paper suggests that progress can be made if we start using the wealth of digitized language data that has become available to uncover the semantics of the PERFECT through its contextual usages across languages.
On inchoative states. Evidence from modification of Polish perfective psych verbs by degree quantifiers
Authors: Willim Ewa
Published: December 2016

The special properties that psych(ological) verbs manifest cross-linguistically have given rise to on-going debates in syntactic and semantic theorizing. Regarding their lexical aspect classification, while verbal psych predicates with the Experiencer argument mapped onto the subject (SE psych predicates) have generally been analyzed as stative, there is little agreement on what kinds of eventualities object Experiencer (OE) psych predicates describe. On the stative reading, OE psych predicates have been classified as atelic causative states. On the (non-agentive) eventive reading, they have been widely analyzed as telic change of state predicates and classified as achievements or as accomplishments. Based on Polish, Rozwadowska (2003, 2012) argues that nonagentive eventive OE psych predicates in the perfective aspect denote an onset of a state and that they are atelic rather than telic. This paper offers further support for the view that Polish perfective psych verbs do not denote a change of state, i.e., a transition from α to ¬α. The evidence is drawn from verbal comparison and the distribution of the comparative degree quantifier jeszcze bardziej ‘even more’ in perfective psych predicates. It is argued here that in contexts including jeszcze bardziej ‘even more’, the perfective predication denotes an onset of a state whose degree of intensity exceeds the comparative standard. While a degree quantifier attached to the VP in the syntax contributes a differential measure function that returns a (vague) value representing the degree to which the intensity of the Experiencer’s state exceeds the comparative standard in the event, it does not affect the event structure of the perfective verb and it does not provide the VP denotation it modifies with a final endpoint. As the perfective picks the onset of an upper open state, perfective psych predicates typically give rise to an atelic interpretation.
Protecting the Stone Artworks of the Seventeenth Century Portico of the House of Pieter Paul Rubens in Antwerp (Belgium) from Wind Driven Rain
Authors: Hayen Roald , De Clercq Hilde
Published: December 2016

The forthcoming restoration campaign of the former house of the Flemish Baroque painter Pieter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) in Antwerp includes the design and construction of a new glass canopy. It is to replace the actual non-transparent roof structure, which was erected in the 1990s to protect the portico, separating the inner court yard of the house from the gardens, and especially its sculptural artworks from further material loss. The design parameters of the new glass canopy were evaluated based on the distribution probability of the rain on the portico as a function of rain intensity and wind velocity, while the rain distribution was determined based on the raindrop trajectories combining the vertical raindrop velocity and the horizontal drag from the wind. A minimum wind velocity of 40 km/h is required before rain can reach the feet of the sculptured artworks during intense rain showers. Statistical analysis of the hourly wind velocity and rain shower duration and intensity reveals a return period of approximately 4.2 years when the portico is protected by a glass canopy with identical dimensions of the actual provisory roof structure. Although the influence of intermittent wind gusts and squalls, which will more frequently drag along rainwater to the critical areas, and increase the amount of rainwater attaining the artworks during storms, could so far not be studied more in detail. The above risks are however considered acceptable to prevent future damage accumulation.
Durable Restoration of Reinforced Concrete Grillage Roof Shell of Ensor Gallery in Ostend (B)
Authors: Ignoul Sven , Van Gemert Dionys
Published: December 2016

The roof of the Ensor-gallery at Ostend is a cylindrical vault, constructed as a coarse grillage of reinforced concrete, with embedded reinforced concrete roof panels with prismatic glass tiles. The concrete ribs of the roof shell were heavily damaged by long term exposure to the chloride containing sea air, causing severe reinforcement corrosion. The paper presents the experimental data on the degradation, as well as the alternative approach used in the restoration project to avoid the loss of a major part of the authentic material. The approach is based on a combination of galvanic cathodic protection with embedded and bored in sacrificing anodes, the application of a chloride-inhibiting impregnation followed by a re-alkalizing treatment on the preserved parts, concrete repair and reconstruction with a self-compacting, shrinkage-compensating, polymer-modified repair mortar. Completely denuded steel reinforcement bars were replaced by glass fiber reinforced polyester rods.
Conservation and Restoration of the Don José I Monument in Lisbon, Portugal. Part I: Stone Components
Authors: Delgado Rodrigues José , Charola A. Elena , Henriques Fernando M. A.
Published: December 2016

The equestrian statue of D. José I, in Lisbon, Portugal, stands on an elegant and decorated plinth fashioned in a very dense limestone. The sculptor, Joaquim Machado de Castro, designed the pedestal with colossal stone pieces and selected one of the best Portuguese stones for this purpose, the Lioz limestone. The same stone was also used for the flanking sculpture groups and the base This stone is a very pure reef limestone, rich in fossils and a low porosity <1 %. It is extremely compact and highly resistant, even in the harsh environment of a busy metropolis and within the impact of marine winds. The generalized deterioration is surface erosion caused by direct runoff water, with some incipient black crusts and soiling incrustations occurring in sheltered places. In some areas copper stains originating from the metal statue were also found. An extensive network of cracks was found, mostly at or near the top of the plinth, which could be ascribed to the presence of iron rods and clamps left inside the structure to hold the stone pieces together. During the intervention, these cracks were sealed with a multi-barrier system, given the impossibility to access the interior to remove or directly passivate the iron inclusions. Inoperative joints were cleaned out and repointed. Black deposits could be eliminated by nebulized water and soft brushing while the copper stains required the application of poultices with ammonium carbonate, in some cases requiring the addition of a complexing agent.
»Denn jedes gute Tonstück ist ein Gedicht«. Rhetorik und Musik im deutschen Sprachraum. Von ca. 900 bis zur Gegenwart
Authors: Krones Hartmut
Published: December 2016

Since the Middle Ages in Germany and likewise in other countries, metric and modal theory were seen from the viewpoint of grammar - allocated to simple speech, whereas the rhetoric of ornate speech was assigned to the affective (and »programmatic«) domain. The »musical punctuation« and »declamation« were elements of grammar and prosody, but the recognition of all symbolically lingual means - especially of the »rhetorical figures« - was more important for the interpreters (musicians): Only the figures bring close to us the »whole meaning«, as Johann Gottfried Walther for example said (1708). These figures were first systematically represented by Joachim Burmeister (1599 and 1601), and in the course of the century, in Germany over one hundred musical-rhetorical figures were named. Composers partly used these figures well into the 20th century. Other important rhetorical categories were the inventio, the discovery of musical thoughts at certain »places« (loci), and the dispositio, the arrangement of the musical pieces - often by following the example of a poem, a drama or a speech (preferably forensic).
Human action in narrative grammars
Authors: Pavel Thomas
Published: December 2016

After sketching out a history of twentieth-century structuralist linguistics and poetics, the article presents Greimas’s theoretical contribution to the semiotic study of narratives at various levels, including actants, actors and their kinds of competence, the semiotic square that gives narratives their general meaning, the variety of figures employed, and the thematic fields evoked.
Genossenschaften, Apps und Kartellrecht
Authors: Thelen Martin
Published: December 2016

Todays apps are offering services that compete against the traditional business structures of cooperative banks. Taxi cooperatives have reacted on this by forbidding their members the use of those apps. This prohibition is, due to a current judgement by the Higher Regional Court in Nuremberg according to the cartel law, inadmissible and cannot be based on a privilege of the cooperative immanence. On the occasion of this decision the article shows that cooperatives aren’t able to evade themselves from the digital competition but that they should take this as a chance.
Zwischen Konstruktion und Kompetenz: Heilige Schrift und Schriftprinzip als Horizont und Gegenstand ökumenischen Lernens
Authors: Cebulj Christian
Published: December 2016

In der katholischen Religionspädagogik zieht heute niemand in Zweifel, dass die Bibel zentraler Unterrichtsinhalt im Religionsunterricht ist, der sowohl bildende Kraft als auch identitätsstiftende Wirkung hat. Das ist das Ergebnis eines ‚Lernprozesses Reformation‘, der durchaus wechselhafte Etappen hinter sich hat. Das Verhältnis von Schrift, Tradition und Lehramt war im Bereich der katholischen Theologie (und Religionspädagogik) bis vor nicht allzu langer Zeit so gelagert, dass sich das Schriftprinzip gegenüber dem Traditionsprinzip, welches sich schließlich in das Autoritätsprinzip hinein auflöste, erst einmal durchsetzen musste. Der Beitrag zeichnet wichtige Schritte dieses Lernprozesses nach.
Zwischen Hermeneutik und Deutungskultur: Heilige Schrift und Schriftprinzip als Horizont und Gegenstand ökumenischen Lernens
Authors: Kumlehn Martina
Published: December 2016

Dieser Artikel entfaltet den Beitrag des sogenannten reformatorischen Schriftprinzips für Prozesse ökumenischen Lernens. Er arbeitet die hermeneutische Intention der Ideen Luthers heraus, der die Bibel als „Lebensbuch“ versteht. Das existentielle Involviertseins des Auslegers und der notwendige Streit um die verschiedenen Interpretationen werden betont. Das Schriftprinzip selbst als ein hermeneutisches muss immer wieder kritisch betrachtet und transformiert werden, um dynamisch zu bleiben. Ökumenisches Lernen mit der Bibel ist auf die Entdeckung der existentiellen Dimension konzentriert und unterstützt die Entwicklung narrativer Identität. Luthers hermeneutisches Prinzip zeigt, dass didaktische Reflexion Auswahl nicht vermeiden kann und diese vernünftig begründen muss.
Entgrenztes Erinnern an die Reformation. Religionspädagogische Schlaglichter in konfessionell-kooperativem Interesse
Authors: Lindner Konstantin
Published: December 2016

500 Jahre nach Beginn der Reformation stellt sich die Frage, unter welchen religionspädagogischen Prämissen an dieses Ereignis und seine Folgen erinnert werden kann. Der Beitrag zeigt Optionen einer entgrenzten Erinnerungskultur auf. Dabei sollen Lernenden konfessionsübergreifende Angebote gemacht werden, sich mit dem Erbe der Reformation gegenwarts- und zukunftsbedeutsam auseinanderzusetzen. Drei ausgewählte Aspekte kommen in den Blick: (1) die Relevanz religiösen Lernens und religiöser Bildung, (2) alltagsprägende Wirkungen der Reformation sowie ökumenischer Initiativen und (3) die Herausforderung, mit Lernenden, die in „reformationslosen“ Erinnerungskulturen aufgewachsen sind, an die Reformation zu erinnern.
Das reformatorische Menschenbild und die Bildung des Menschen – Konsequenzen für den interreligiös sensiblen Bildungsdialog
Authors: Schlag Thomas
Published: December 2016

Die evangelische Religionspädagogik bezieht sich in ihren Grundlegungen und Entfaltungen aus guten Gründen auf ein Menschenbild, das durch die reformatorische Theologie im Licht des Rechtfertigungsgedankens grundgelegt wurde. Wie geht man allerdings damit um, dass die protestantische Geschichte aufgrund von Luthers fundamentalen Grundentscheidungen zugleich durch eine massive, programmatisch theologisch begründete Abwehrhaltung gegenüber dem Judentum und seinen Gläubigen gekennzeichnet war? Angesichts der aktuellen Herausforderungen einer interreligiösen Bildung ist es notwendig, die konfessionellen Prägungen auf ihre befreienden Kerngehalte hin neu zu befragen und didaktisch verantwortet für eine dialogische und diskursive Bildungspraxis im Sinn von Erinnerung, Vergegenwärtigung und Verheißung fruchtbar zu machen.
Perspektiven aus der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie für einen pluralismusfähigen, dialogischen Bildungsdiskurs
Authors: Wiese Christian
Published: December 2016

Prägen Luthers Glaubensüberzeugungen noch heute evangelische Bildungsvorstellungen? Mit Bezug auf Thomas Schlags Artikel zu Luthers Rechtfertigungslehre und Judenfeindschaft beschreibt Christian Wiese die komplexen Verflechtungen zwischen der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie in Deutschland und Luthers Anthropologie. Das Ergebnis ist eine aufschlussreiche Zusammenstellung von Aussagen deutsch-jüdischer Denker, darunter Heinrich Graetz, Hermann Cohen, Leo Baeck und Martin Buber. Im Gespräch mit dem polnisch-amerikanischen Rabbiner Abraham J. Heschel plädiert der Autor schließlich für einen „dialogical turn“, um die Geschichte, aber auch die Herausforderungen interreligiöser Bildung heute zu präzisieren.
Erziehung und ErlösungNotwendige Unterscheidungen im Horizont der reformatorischen Ethik und Erziehungslehre
Authors: Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: December 2016

Dieser Beitrag interpretiert das protestantische Verständnis der Unterscheidung zwischen Erziehung und Erlösung vor dem Hintergrund von Luthers Lehre von den beiden Reichen. Dem Verfasser zufolge sollte diese Unterscheidung als dauerhafter Gewinn sowohl für die Verkündigung als auch für die Erziehung angesehen werden, wobei auch die mit ihr verbundenen Ambivalenzen nicht übersehen werden sollten. Mit ihrem spezifisch lutherischen Hintergrund kann die Unterscheidung zwischen Erziehung und Erlösung nicht einfach verallgemeinert werden. In religiös pluralen Gesellschaften kann diese Unterscheidung jedoch neu an Bedeutung gewinnen – im Dialog mit anderen Traditionen innerhalb und außerhalb des Christentums.
Zur Bildungsbedeutung der Reformation in mehrheitlich säkularen Kontexten
Authors: Domsgen Michael
Published: December 2016

Kontextuelle Voraussetzungen bestimmen maßgeblich mit darüber, was bildend wirkt. Die Reformation ist ein eminent religiös-christliches Ereignis und ein im Kern kirchlich-theologisches. Das stellt in mehrheitlich säkularen Kontexten eine große Herausforderung dar, weil die Prämisse einer – wie auch immer sich im Einzelnen gestaltenden – Gottes- bzw. Transzendenzvorstellung nicht geteilt wird. Das verhindert unmittelbare Anknüpfungen und lässt nach neuen Zugängen suchen. Zugleich erscheint eine Nicht-Begegnung mit der Reformation geradezu ausgeschlossen. Dem nachzugehen hilft eine empirische Untersuchung zu Luthervorstellungen von Jugendlichen aus Sachsen-Anhalt. Sie zeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit subjektiver Relevanzen steigt, wenn ein vielschichtiges Bild gezeichnet wird, das auch Brüche und Spannungen nicht ausspart. Die Differenz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit ermöglicht, eigene Differenzerfahrungen dieser Art anzudocken. So kann die Reformation bildungsbedeutsam werden.
Reformhölle. Reformation und Gegenwartskultur
Authors: Behrens Roger
Published: December 2016

Der Artikel sieht den – mit Luther verbundenen – Reformationsprozess im Kontext einer generellen Geschichtsentwicklung moderner Gesellschaft und ihrer ökonomischen, nämlich (spät-) kapitalistischen Grundlagen. Gegenwartskultur wird dabei in ihrer heutigen Gestalt als Popkultur interpretiert, die als Ideologie der Gesellschaft des Spektakels verstanden werden kann. „Reformation“ und z. B. Luthers Bedeutung (in Deutschland) erscheinen dabei bloß noch als „Images“. Der Artikel plädiert für eine politische Kritik dieses Verhältnisses von Reformation und Gegenwartskultur.
Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MBD1 Regulates Neuronal Lineage Commitment through Maintaining Adult Neural Stem Cell Identity
Authors: Jobe Emily M. , Gao Yu , Eisinger Brian E. , Mladucky Janessa K. , Giuliani Charles C. , Kelnhofer Laurel E. , Zhao Xinyu
Published: December 2016

Methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1) belongs to a family of methyl-CpG-binding proteins that are epigenetic “readers” linking DNA methylation to transcriptional regulation. MBD1 is expressed in neural stem cells residing in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus (aNSCs) and MBD1 deficiency leads to reduced neuronal differentiation, impaired neurogenesis, learning deficits, and autism-like behaviors in mice; however, the precise function of MBD1 in aNSCs remains unexplored. Here, we show that MBD1 is important for maintaining the integrity and stemness of NSCs, which is critical for their ability to generate neurons. MBD1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of undifferentiated NSCs and impaired transition into the neuronal lineage. Transcriptome analysis of neural stem and progenitor cells isolated directly from the dentate gyrus of MBD1 mutant (KO) and WT mice showed that gene sets related to cell differentiation, particularly astrocyte lineage genes, were upregulated in KO cells. We further demonstrated that, in NSCs, MBD1 binds and represses directly specific genes associated with differentiation. Our results suggest that MBD1 maintains the multipotency of NSCs by restraining the onset of differentiation genes and that untimely expression of these genes in MBD1-deficient stem cells may interfere with normal cell lineage commitment and cause the accumulation of undifferentiated cells. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation contributes to adult neurogenesis and the potential impact of its dysregulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdult neural stem cells (aNSCs) in the hippocampus self-renew and generate neurons throughout life. We show that methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1), a DNA methylation “reader,” is important for maintaining the integrity of NSCs, which is critical for their neurogenic potency. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation preserves the multipotency of stem cells for subsequent differentiation.
The effects of three different exercise modalities on markers of male reproduction in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hajizadeh Maleki Behzad , Tartibian Bakhtyar , Chehrazi Mohammad
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity continuous training (HICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on markers of male reproduction including seminal markers of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as semen quality and sperm DNA integrity in healthy human subjects. A total of 397 healthy male volunteers were screened and 280 were randomly assigned to one of the MICT (n = 70), HICT (n = 70), HIIT (n = 70) and non-exercise (NON-EX,n = 70) groups. Subjects had inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), oxidants (ROS, MDA and 8-isoprostane), antioxidants (SOD, catalase and TAC), semen parameters and sperm DNA damage measured at baseline (T1), the end of week 12 (T2), the end of week 24 (T3), and 7 (T4) and 30 days (T5) after training. Chronic MICT, HICT and HIIT attenuated seminal markers of oxidative stress and inflammation with different kinetics for the three types of exercise (P < 0.05), and these changes were correlated with favorable improvements in semen quality parameters and sperm DNA integrity (P < 0.05). MICT was superior to HICT and HIIT in the improvements of markers of male reproductive function (P < 0.05). In conclusion, different exercise modalities favorably affect markers of male reproduction with different kinetics, suggesting intensity-, duration- and type-dependent adaptations to exercise training in healthy human subjects.
Estado de peso, condición física y satisfacción con la vida en escolares de educación primaria. Estudio piloto
Authors: Rosa Guillamón Andrés , García Cantó Eliseo , Pérez Soto Juan José , Rodríguez García Pedro Luis
Published: December 2016

La condición física es un marcador biológico del estado general de salud, así como un potente predictor de longevidad y calidad de vida desde la infancia. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el estado de peso, la condición física y la satisfacción vital en escolares. La muestra de estudio fue de 214 escolares (120 niñas y 94 niños) de edades entre 8 y 11 años. Se midió el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se evaluó la fuerza muscular, la velocidad de desplazamiento-agilidad y la capacidad aeróbica mediante pruebas de la Batería ALPHA-Fitness. Se categorizó a los escolares según su nivel de condición física (baja, media y alta) y su estado de peso (normo-peso, sobrepeso y obesidad). La satisfacción con la vida se midió a través de la Escala de satisfacción con la vida; los análisis estadísticos indican que los escolares con obesidad poseen valores inferiores en dicha escala. Además, los escolares con un nivel medio-alto de condición física presentan registros más elevados en la escala de valoración de la satisfacción vital. Los resultados de este trabajo de investigación sugieren que el estado del peso y la condición física podrían ser factores determinantes en la percepción de satisfacción vital en escolares de 8 a 11 años.
Neurocomercio, una aproximación humanista para su fundamentación teórica
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Juan Diego
Published: December 2016

El artículo presenta los conceptos y la esquematización teórica, conceptual y epistemológica referente a la estructura fundamental de la conducta comercial de los compradores de naturaleza física, así como los procesos que conllevan a la definición de sus decisiones de compra; muestra, a su vez, los temas atenuantes a la racionalidad y emotividad del consumidor desde un enfoque de carácter cerebral y neural, ligándolos de manera directa a los tópicos referentes al neuromarketing, el neurocomercio y a los procesos sinápticos dados en el individuo, estudiados desde una aproximación humanista integral en la concepción del hombre como un ser social y neural, lo cual permite detallar la relación existente entre los factores mentales y uso de regiones cerebrales de naturaleza inobservable que se dan en el cliente y su observación mediante el reflejo inductivo en la conducta comercial de las personas, detallada por parámetros de compra, de conducta y filosóficos del comercio, así como por una medición de indicadores enteramente de naturaleza comercial.
Enriquillo y la identidad colonial dominicana
Authors: Flores Cornejo Juan Carlos
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo analiza el texto Enriquillo, leyenda histórica dominicana de Manuel Jesús Galván desde la lógica de creación de identidades e historias locales; la forma en que contrastan con el imaginario de identidad colonial dominicana; la combinación de discursos culturales hegemónicos y subalternos, resultado de la creación de acto-espacios del discurso colonial. Se analizan, desde el mimetismo, algunos de los personajes de la novela y la manera en que sus identidades individuales se desarrollan paralelas a la creación de espacios de limitación centrífugos y centrípetos, expresados en la novela por la creación de identidades formadas o fragmentadas por el mito de la pacificación del nuevo mundo. A su vez, se aborda la manera en que lo centrípeto, lo multicultural y la alteridad juegan un papel preponderante dentro del texto.
Un quinquenio de Estudios Generales en el Campus Coto 2010 – 2014
Authors: Campos Araya Rodrigo Ignacio , Carrillo Padilla Norma Natalia
Published: December 2016

Los Estudios Generales forman parte esencial de la formación humanística en la Universidad Nacional. Estos han sido parte de un proceso evolutivo en el que se ha dado una apertura evidente en sus distintas áreas. Las Sedes Regionales y distintos campus de la Institución han sido parte de este proceso y han realizado gestiones para que la oferta de estos cursos sea la más atinente, por lo que se presenta un análisis de la situación de estos cursos en el Campus Coto entre el período 2010 – 2014, en cuanto a la oferta de los mismos por áreas, para así determinar algunas conclusiones que permitan ajustar la misma en función del impacto positivo se espera que estas materias tengan en la comunidad estudiantil.
Humanismo y transversalidad
Authors: Flores Cornejo Juan Carlos
Published: December 2016

Este ensayo trata de analizar algunos elementos necesarios para entender las formas en que el humanismo y la transversalidad convergen mediante la inclusión de sistemas y programas educativos que funcionen desde la última. Se ofrece un panorama del sistema educativo costarricense, evidenciando la posibilidad de llevar a la práctica la transversalidad, para finalmente establecer el humanismo como el tema que podría subsanar las diferencias y lograr la integración de los diferentes saberes. Es así como la mediación pedagógica, desarrollada desde la transversalidad, presente en ejes humanistas, será la conexión entre la adquisición de conceptos, el aprendizaje y la puesta en práctica de los valores sustentados desde el humanismo.
Digital elevation models (DEM) used to assess soil erosion risks: a case study in Boyaca, Colombia
Authors: Buitrago E. Jeiner Yobany , Martínez M. Luis Joel
Published: December 2016

The objective of this research was to develop a model for assessing the risk of erosion, exploring the potential of DEMs from SRTM, ASTER, ALOS PALSAR and one made with interpolation of a 1:25,000 contour map to calculate the variables of the relief that have greater impact on erosion. Several geomorphometric parameters, such as slope, aspect, profile and plan curvature, topographic wetness index, stream power index, and sediment transport capacity were computed from the DEM's elevation, some fuzzy logic functions proposed to evaluate the incidence of each parameter on erosion risk in a mountainous area of Colombia. The results showed that the use of DEM data is a relatively easy, uncostly method to identify, in a qualitative way, the risk of erosion and contribute to the enhancement of erosion information that is obtained with conventional general soil surveys.
Fruit growth characterization of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hybrid Ichiban' grown under cover
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Arévalo Yuly Alexandra , Cely R. Germán Eduardo , Pinzón Elberth Hernando , Serrano C. Pablo Antonio
Published: December 2016

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the more important crops that are consumed worldwide. In Colombia, the department of Boyaca is characterized as being the biggest producer of tomatoes, with production centered in the municipalities of Sutamarchan, Sachica, Santa Sofía and Villa de Leyva, where different cultivars and hybrids are produced that present different physiological behaviors, resulting in changes in conventional agronomic management. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of fruits from the tomato hybrid Ichiban under greenhouse conditions. This study evaluated the parameters of polar and equatorial diameters, diameter ratio, fresh mass and dry mass, and absolute and relative growth rates. The results were subjected to a descriptive analysis. Furthermore, the growth model was determined. The Ichiban hybrid had a simple sigmoid behavior, common in fleshy fruits, while the fresh mass and dry mass were fitted to a logistic, nonlinear model. Anthesis was seen at 50 days after transplant and the fruits reached physiological maturity 49 days after anthesis; during this period, 510.2 heating degree-days were accumulated. All of the variables presented significant differences (P≤0.01) and coefficients of determination above 0.9, indicating that the models are suitable for explaining the studied biological phenomena.
RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE IN LITHUANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Authors: Kaupelytė Dalia , Seilius Mantas , Zinkevičiūtė Rūta
Published: December 2016

Financial institutions have to follow International regulatory requirements and national regulations for risk management disclosure. International regulations are developed by Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (known as Basel II and Basel III) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 7) introduced by International Accounting Standards Board. National requirements in Lithuanian are developed by Lithuanian central bank. Financial institutions, banks, are expected to provide timely and transparent information about risk exposures, correspondence to minimum regulatory requirements, risk computation methods etc. Still there are some questions raised how these de facto regulations are implemented in practice. The goal of empirical research was to investigate the extent of risk management disclosure in Lithuanian commercial banks financial statements. Data sample constituted of 7 commercial banks that are legally registered in Lithuania: AB “Swedbank”, AB “SEB”, AB “DNB”, AB “Citadele”, AB “Medicinos Bankas”, AB “Šiaulių bankas”, AB “Finasta”. The period of 2009 – 2013 was analysed. The content analysis as analytical tool was employed. Research criteria were divided into 5 major groups: general policy, capital adequacy, credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. In total 34 criterions were developed. Coding of text was performed by counting words for each criterion. Our evidence supports the conjecture that Lithuanian commercial banks provide more and more risk reporting. Also, we find that the extent of risk management disclosure is greater with the bigger size of reporting bank. Meanwhile, the extent for different risk management disclosure varies significantly: credit risk management is most reported risk. Further investigations on risk management disclosure in commercial banks should be focused on other reports first, such as annual reports or additional reports, which are provided by banks. Second, the sample of research is limited and in order to obtain more accurate results it is necessary to expand it. Moreover, authors did not examine liquidity risk, which could be relevant to the results, especially when Basel III accord is in the implementation stage. Third, counting unit can be changed from words to sentences, because sometimes separate words are meaningless and finally, future researches could be focused not only on extent of disclosed information, but also concentrate on the quality of provided information.