bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opmars en beteugeling van cybercrime
Authors: Verhage G.M.
Published: December 2017

Opmars en beteugeling van cybercrime

In deze editie van het tijdschrift wordt aandacht besteed aan een aantal betekenisvolle ontwikkelingen rondom de combinatie cyber en strafrecht. Overheid en IT blijken vooralsnog geen gelukkige combinatie. Ondanks de verruimde wettelijke bevoegdheden en het extra budget die de handhaver in het kader van de Wet computercriminaliteit III worden toebedeeld, zal het in deze globale en snel digitaliserende economie lastig blijken cybercriminaliteit te beteugelen door middel van het conventionele strafrecht.
Het decryptiebevel aan de verdachte in het economisch strafrecht
Authors: Gritter E.
Published: December 2017

Het decryptiebevel aan de verdachte in het economisch strafrecht

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de mogelijkheden die de WED biedt om onder dwang een decryptiebevel aan de verdachte te richten. Na onderzoek van de wettelijke grondslag wordt ingegaan op de grenzen die het nemo tenetur-beginsel stelt aan het kunnen effectueren van dit bevel.
De bevoegdheid van de politie om computers binnen te treden: tijd voor een grondrecht op de bescherming van informatie-technische systemen?
Authors: van der Sloot B.
Published: December 2017

De bevoegdheid van de politie om computers binnen te treden: tijd voor een grondrecht op de bescherming van informatie-technische systemen?

Het wetsvoorstel computercriminaliteit III is bijna aangenomen en legt een aantal nieuwe bevoegdheden voor de politie neer, waaronder de mogelijkheid om computers van burgers binnen te treden. Niet alleen kan de politie zodoende onderzoek doen, ook mag zij gegevens kopiëren en aanpassingen doen aan de computer, bijvoorbeeld om bepaalde malware te verwijderen. Commentatoren hebben erop gewezen dat dit een zware inmenging is in de privésfeer van burgers. Het zou dan ook tijd zijn voor een nieuw grondrecht op de integriteit van digitale gegevensdragers. Dit artikel bespreekt de nieuwe bevoegdheid van de politie en de introductie van een mogelijk nieuw grondrecht.
Datamining in een veranderende wereld van opsporing en vervolging
Authors: Brinkhoff S.
Published: December 2017

Datamining in een veranderende wereld van opsporing en vervolging

Datamining wordt meer en meer als opsporingsmethode ingezet. Onderzocht wordt of de huidige wettelijke grondslagen, mede gelet op jurisprudentie van het EHRM, wel voldoen voor de inzet van deze methode. Een handvat wordt geboden voor een wettelijke regeling.
Breaking gender stereotypes: The relationships between psychological gender, personality and the system of values in the case of the female field hockey players
Authors: Basiaga-Pasternak Joanna , Wojtowicz Agnieszka , Kosiba Grażyna , Bogacz-Walancik Agnieszka
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of female sports success by examining the relations between psychological gender on the one side and personality and the system of values on the other in the case of female field hockey players. An attempt was made to demonstrate what the dominant psychological gender of the athletes under the study was, while it had been assumed that it would be the androgynic type.
The research was conducted among field hockey Polish National Team. The average age was 21,42.
The present research did not confirm the dominance of masculine or androgynic types among the female field hockey players under study.
A personality type, therefore, was related to the system of values, and a psychological gender was a factor moderating the preferred values. In the case of androgynic types under study, the dimension Openness was connected with the decrease of the importance of a True Frendship and Agreeableness with the increase in the Forgiveness value. Androgynic athletes were more oriented on terminal personal values, while feminine ones were oriented on social goals. Feminine athletes were characterized by lower level of extraversion than androgynic and undifferentiated subjects.
HEALTH RELATED FITNESS (H-RF) OF OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN FROM MALOPOLSKA REGION – PART I. girls
Authors: Mleczko Edward , Gradek Joanna , Januszewski Jerzy , Cieśla Elżbieta , Nieroda Renata , Szymańska Elżbieta
Published: December 2017

Aim of research. Basing on the results of the researches conducted on 3221 girls from Małopolska in years 1996-2005 some hypothesis were verified about ontogenetic period ap-pearance of: the negative influence of too low and too high fatness level on the positive health measures level, and the similar structure of the physical efficiency analyzed referring to health and the similar strength of the correlation connection between its elements and the height-weight index (Quetelet II) sorted in groups according to BMI level.
Methods. The results of the positive health indexes were analyzed such as: the basic somat-ic features, antropometric indexes, the oxygen efficiency (VO2 max), motor ability tested on Eurofit and MTSF tests. Basing on the average value and the standard aberration of BMI all tested girls were divided into 3 groups: 8-10, 13-14, 17-18. In every group the range and the trend of the considering features differentiations were discerned and only in two groups (above and below the range of 1 SD BMI) the concentration analysis was conducted where the strength of the correlation connection between the elements of the physical efficiency structure, tested according to the relation of health and BMI level, were estimated.
Results. The researches confirmed the accepted hypothesis about the negative influence of low and high fatness level, tested by BMI indexes, on the selected indexes of the positive health. The results of the concentration analysis and the Pearson’s correlation between BMI index and the physical efficiency’s elements tested referring to health show the reason to claim there are similar connections between the elements of the physical efficiency and the hierarchic structure in the group of individuals of low and high fatness. The statistically es-sential correlations only between efficiency’s morphologic components and BMI were found.
Conclusion. The conducted researches confirmed: 1. The negative influence of too low and too high level of fatness on the level of the health positive indexes, 2. The statistically essen-tial correlation connections only between BMI and the somatic features which measure a body’s fatness, 3. The poor relations between BMI level and the positive health measures such as: physical efficiency, motor ability, 4. The similar structure of the physical efficiency tested referring to health in groups of lower and higher level of fatness.
Guerra e paz na fronteira dos homens: o cotidiano na colônia militar Pedro Segundo do Rio Araguari (fronteira franco-brasileira em meados do século XIX)
Authors: Silva Rafael Amaro da
Published: December 2017

Este artigo visa abordar como o discurso oficial, apresentado pelos jornais e relatórios, influenciava e retratava o cotidiano na colônia militar Pedro Segundo, considerando a importância de demarcar, vigiar e proteger a fronteira franco-brasileira no Segundo Reinado, período em que a região se tornou delicada devido ao pós-Cabanagem e à contestação do território tanto pelo Brasil, quanto pela França.
A cidade de Porto Alegre e as águas do Guaíba: uma história de “encontros” e “desencontros”
Authors: Rückert Fabiano Quadros , Prestes Antônio João Dias
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em produzir uma reflexão sobre as relações entre a cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, e as águas do Guaíba. Localizado nas margens do lago Guaíba, o sítio urbano porto-alegrense ganhou forma influenciado pelas águas desse manancial que sofreu diferentes tipos de intervenções humanas a partir do desembarque dos primeiros açorianos na região.  Partindo da premissa de que as relações entre a cidade de Porto Alegre e as águas do Guaíba foram construídas articulando interesses políticos e econômicos, saberes técnicos e elementos naturais, a primeira parte do artigo aborda o processo de poluição do lago Guaíba; e a segunda parte destaca as iniciativas para sua despoluição e recuperação ambiental, encaminhadas pelo poder público e pela sociedade em diferentes momentos históricos.
Sobre progresso, urbanismo e contradições: cidade e história no sertão das Minas Gerais no século XX
Authors: Freitas Alysson Luiz , Fonseca Kamila Freire
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o cenário de progresso e modernidade que se constituiu na cidade de Montes Claros, norte de Minas Gerais, no decorrer do século XX. A nossa análise empreende esforços sobre a compreensão da história urbana na região montes-clarense. Para a concretização desse trabalho, tivemos como base teórica os estudos sobre História das Cidades, livros, dissertações e teses produzidos nas últimas décadas por memorialistas, historiadores e profissionais de áreas afins. Além destas bases teóricas, exploramos também documentos municipais que registraram a busca por melhorias na cidade nos aspectos estruturais e urbanos e contamos, ainda, com os relatos de moradores do bairro São Judas Tadeu, na intenção de construir “uma história vista de baixo” sobre os aspectos de desenvolvimento urbano. Sendo assim, partimos do estudo da cidade e de um de seus principais bairros para compreender suas condições de progresso, urbanismo e algumas das contradições presentes no seu crescimento.
A cidade e o shopping: considerações sobre a relação urbana envolvendo a presença de shoppings centers e o caso da cidade de Blumenau-SC durante a década de 1990
Authors: Gomes André Procópio
Published: December 2017

 

Apesar dos anos 1980 serem apontados como o primeiro grande momento em que shoppings centers são construídos no Brasil, é durante os anos 1990 que esse tipo de empreendimento urbano se espalha pelo território nacional para além dos limites das capitais. O Shopping Neumarkt, inaugurado em 1993 na cidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, entra nesse movimento de expansão em direção às cidades de porte médio no interior. Por meio do uso de periódicos e entrevistas orais, dois acontecimentos-chave são abordados: a inauguração e consolidação do Shopping Neumarkt e a reurbanização da rua XV de novembro, compreendendo todo o período da década de 1990. Pelo fato de essa reurbanização ser usualmente apontada como uma maneira de transformar a rua XV de novembro num shopping a céu aberto, foi desenvolvida uma relação entre a construção do Shopping Neumarkt e a cidade de Blumenau. O objetivo da pesquisa está em compreender uma nova forma de relacionamento da cidade. Mais do que destruir a urbanidade clássica, os shoppings produziram uma nova forma de conceber a urbanidade.
A new mesoserphid wasp from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea)
Authors: Zheng Yan , Chen Jun
Published: December 2017

A new genus and species of Mesoserphidae (Hymenoptera), Juraserphus modicus gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a well-preserved fossil specimen from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. It is characterized by the following forewing features: the forking of Rs+M located approximately one-third of the distance between 1m-cu and 2r-rs, both 1cu-a and 2cu-a antefurcal; 1-M more than twice as long as 1m-cu and hind wing with cells r and rm closed. In addition, it has a short ovipositor, only extending slightly beyond the metasomal apex. Its new morphological characters broaden the diversity of Mesoserphidae in the Mesozoic and provide new insights into the evolution and relationships of Mesoserphidae.
A review of the powderpost beetle genus, Xylopertha Guérin-Méneville, 1845, with a new species and new synonymy (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae: Xyloperthini)
Authors: Liu Lan-Yu , Beaver Roger A.
Published: December 2017

We review the three species currently placed in the genus Xylopertha Guérin-Méneville, 1845, and describe a new species, Xylopertha elegans sp. nov., from Turkey. We propose the following new synonymy: Xylopertha Guérin-Méneville, 1845 (= Paraxylogenes Damoiseau, 1968); Xylopertha reflexicauda (Lesne, 1937) (= Paraxylogenes pistaciae Damoiseau, 1968). We give details of the sexual dimorphism, and summarise information on the distribution and biology of all species. A key to the species of Xylopertha is provided.
Cifras al servicio de la grandeza del Rey Católico. Las finanzas del Imperio vistas desde el Consejo de Indias a mediados del siglo XVII = Figures in the Service of the Greatness of the Catholic King. The Finances of the Empire Seen from the Council of...
Authors: Gaudin Guillaume
Published: December 2017

El carácter “compuesto” de la monarquía hispánica no permite acceder a una visión conjunta de las finanzas reales. Sin embargo, proponemos tratar este problema mediante informaciones procedentes de un personaje secundario, pero bien informado, de las oficinas madrileñas a mediados del siglo XVII: el oficial del Consejo de Indias, Juan Díez de la Calle (1599-1662). Sus memoriales y Noticias Sacras y Reales son una lista de los agentes de la Corona en América: es, para el Consejo de Indias, la oportunidad de disponer de un cuadro (casi) completo de la organización administrativa y contable ultramar. Es también, para la Corona, una manera de cifrar el coste de su “masa salarial”. La meta tiene dos finalidades: demostrar la justa posesión del Nuevo Mundo presentando los gastos importantes de la Corona y seguir vigilante en lo que se refiere a la situación crítica de la Real Hacienda.AbstractThe “composite” form of the Hispanic monarchy does not allow access to an overall view of royal finances. However, we propose to deal with this problem through information taken from a secondary but well-informed character of the Madrid offices in the mid-seventeenth century: the clerk of the Council of the Indies, Juan Díez de la Calle (1599-1662). His memoirs and Noticias Sacras y Reales are a list of royal agents in America: it is, for the Council of the Indies, the opportunity to have an (almost) complete picture of the administrative organization overseas. It is also, for the Crown, a way of assessing the cost of its "wage bill". The goal has two purposes: to demonstrate the just titles over the New World by presenting the important expenses of the Crown and to remain vigilant of the critical situation of the Royal Treasury.
El patrimonio municipal de Torrefranca y Torremilano, hoy Dos Torres (Córdoba), en la Edad Moderna = The Municipal Patrimony of Torrefranca and Torremilano, Nowadays Dos Torres, in the Modern Age
Authors: Valverde Fernández Francisco
Published: December 2017

El siglo XIX supuso un cambio radical en la organización administrativa de nuestro país. La aparición del municipio como unidad territorial ocasionó la paulatina aparición de los actuales términos municipales, y la desaparición de las antigua unidades territoriales. Para el conocimiento de proceso seguido en la formación del actual termino municipal de Dos Torres es necesario conocer las peculiaridades históricas de las dos villas que a las que debe su origen: Torrefranca y Torremilano, y de las entidades históricas en las que estaban enclavadas: El condado de Santa Eufemia y las Siete  Villas de Los Pedroches. Dichas peculiaridades quedaron reflejadas en la complejidad que presentaba la propiedad de gran parte de los bienes patrimoniales que integraban sus antiguos términos municipales de dichas villas. Sobre el conocimiento dichos bienes, sus peculiaridades, su administración y aprovechamiento durante la Edad Moderna y sobre las causas de su pérdida versa este articulo.AbstractThe 19th century supposed a radical change in the administrative organization of our country. The creation of the municipality as a territorial unit caused the gradual apparition of the present municipal boundaries, and the disappearance of the old administrative entities. In order to understand the process followed in the formation of the present municipal boundaries of Dos Torres it is necessary to know the historical peculiarities of the two towns to which it owes its origin: Torrefranca and Torremilano. Said peculiarities had their origin in the different jurisdictional regimes of each one of them: Torrefranca had a feudal regime and Torremilano was a royal property. These peculiarities were reflected in the complexity that a large part of the patrimonial goods that they owned reveal, mainly because they were shared with other towns in the region. This article is about the knowledge of such goods, their peculiarities, their administration during the Modern Age and the causes of their forfeiture.
El gobierno de la hacienda y la cuestión monetaria en los Países Bajos españoles y austriacos (Siglos XVI-XVIII) = The Government of Finances and the Currency in Spanish and Austrian Netherlands (16th - 18th centuries)
Authors: Legay Marie-Laure
Published: December 2017

El estudio político de la moneda en los Países Bajos lleva al historiador a examinar el gobierno de la hacienda bajo dos enfoques: el de la autoridad política confrontada a la “violencia de la moneda” y el de los medios de gobierno. Desde Viena, la emperatriz puso en marcha una reorganización del sistema de los Países Bajos modificando el gobierno de las casas de moneda y las formas de acción de Bruselas. Así, en cierto modo inventó una práctica soberana de la moneda, concediendo a los mercados y a las corporaciones unas parcelas de su autoridad, en provecho de la creación de una moneda fuerte cuyo éxito fue aplaudido en toda Europa.Abstract: The political study of the currency in the Southern Netherlands raises the question about the finance government which can been seen in two general aspects: first, the political authority confronted with the « violence of currency », i.e. the violence of the market ; second, under the aspect of the technical means. From Vienna, the empress ordered a revision of the system of the Netherlands by modifying the Brussels government of money and the ways in which it acts. She « invented » in a way a sovereign practice of currency, granting to markets and to the local powers of the piece of her authority for the benefit of a strong currency, the success of which was greeted in all Europe.
Reseña de: Valladares, Rafael (ed.), El mundo de un valido. Don Luis de Haro y su entorno, 1643-1661, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2016
Authors: Merino Malillos Imanol
Published: December 2017

Reseña de: Valladares, Rafael (ed.), El mundo de un valido. Don Luis de Haro y su entorno, 1643-1661, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2016, 456 pp., isbn: 9788415963943.
Reseña de: Ribot, Luis & Iñurritegui, José Mª (eds.), Europa y los tratados de reparto de la Monarquía de España, 1668-1700.
Authors: Díaz Paredes Aitor
Published: December 2017

Reseña de: Ribot, Luis & Iñurritegui, José Mª (eds.), Europa y los tratados de reparto de la Monarquía de España, 1668-1700, Madrid, Editorial Biblioteca Nueva, 2016, 338 pp., ISBN: 9788416647583.
A CULTURA E A CRÍTICA SOCIAL PELO OLHAR DO HUMOR GRÁFICO
Authors:   Federal University of Paraná, Severino Tatiane Aparecida
Published: December 2017

O presente ensaio analisa cartuns publicados no suplemento Anexo – integrante do jornal Diário do Paraná de 1976 a 77 – de autoria de Luiz Antônio Solda e Luiz Carlos Rettamozo como parte de uma reflexão sobre o posicionamento do artista em relação à crítica social e política, e também à cultura como um meio de contestação contra o autoritarismo e à alienação. A ênfase recai para a década de 1970, momento contraditório, em certa medida, entre política e cultura. O debate é fundamentado conceitualmente por Raymond Williams (1969) em sua explanação acerca das relações dos artistas face às discussões políticas e sociais de sua época, e suas postulações relativas à evolução do significado de cultura, em sentido linguístico e social. O texto abre-se a uma discussão em torno dos aspectos culturais, sociais e políticos em confluência baseado no pressuposto da hibridação cultural de Néstor Garcia Canclini (2013). O pensamento que norteia este ensaio aborda o humor gráfico como uma forma de manifestação artística/cultural questionadora sobre as interações sociais e culturais que se mantém em consonância com o sistema político de sua época.
ARTE DESTACADA DAS PAREDES: GALERISTAS ROUBAM GRAFITES?
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Mari Marcelo
Published: December 2017

No ano de 2016, a arte de rua em Bolonha foi incorporada no ritual das mostras e grandes exposições, isso vem ocorrendo no Brasil e no mundo afora. A arte de rua e sua subversão potencialmente foi enfraquecida pela necessidade de atender demandas do circuito das artes. Mas afinal como tornar um grafite imerso na cidade atrativo para galeristas? A resposta é arrancá-lo de seu lugar específico e levá-lo para o museu e depois para a galeria. Isso não é apenas um jogo de palavras, pois ocorreu recentemente na Europa e foi contestado por intelectuais, sociedade civil e artistas.
First record of Coenosia attenuata Stein, 1903 (Diptera: Muscidae) in Venezuela
Authors: Solano-Rojas Yohan , Pont Adrián , De Freitas José , Moros Gustavo , Goyo Yaritza
Published: December 2017

La mosca tigra, Coenosia attenuata Stein, 1903 es un importante depredador de insectos pequeños como moscas blancas, moscas del mantillo, minadores, y otros pequeños hemípteros y lepidópteros. El objetivo de esta investigación es reportar la presencia de esta especie por primera vez en Venezuela, donde ha sido observada en casas de cultivo ubicadas en el estado Miranda, depredando adultos de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) y de moscas de los géneros Bradysia Winnertz, 1867 y Liriomyza Mik, 1894 sobre crisantemo (Chrysanthemun sp.), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus y Hook), lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) y pimentón (Capsicum annuum L.). La presencia de la mosca tigra en Venezuela subraya la necesidad de investigaciones sobre su uso potencial como un agente de biocontrol de insectos plaga.

The tiger-fly Coenosia attenuata Stein, 1903 is an important predator of small insects such as whiteflies, fungus gnats, leafminers, and other small Hemiptera and Lepidopters. The aim of this research is to report the occurrence of this species for first time in Venezuela, where it has been observed in greenhouses located in Miranda state, predating adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) and of the fly genera Bradysia Winnertz, 1867 and Liriomyza Mik, 1894 on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum sp.), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The occurrence of the tiger-fly in Venezuela underlines the necessity for researches into its potential use as a biocontrol agent of insect pests.
Naturens ansikten
Authors: Dahlbeck Johan
Published: December 2017

This paper explores the moral underpinnings of education for sustainable development by studying the humanization of nature in contemporary teaching materials. To this end, Spinoza’s and Freud’s naturalistic psychological accounts – suggesting, among other things, that the human psychological constitution tends to further a reversed sense of causality – are invoked as resources for explaining the image of nature as portrayed in education for sustainable development. It is argued that the examples looked at rely on two problematic assumptions: (1) that there exists a metaphysical gulf between humanity and nature, and (2) that natural forces, like humans, act intentionally and therefore appear to be motivated by an underlying, albeit seemingly unexplainable, sense of teleology. To conclude, the humanization of nature in education for sustainable development is taken to make for a potential democratic problem insofar as the image of nature may be conceived as a powerful instrument for governing the everyday lives of people. That is, being able to influence the humanized image of nature also implies having a degree of influence over the ways that people live.
Évolution des symptômes dépressifs pendant la transition secondaire-collégial et rôle modérateur des distorsions cognitives
Authors: Meunier-Dubé Ariane , Marcotte Diane
Published: December 2017

La transition entre les ordres d’enseignement secondaire et collégial constitue pour plusieurs étudiants une période de stress majeure. Au Québec, celle-ci coïncide généralement à la période de 16 à 18 ans. Or, si plusieurs chercheurs n’ont rapporté aucune différence significative entre les genres quant à la fréquence des symptômes dépressifs chez les étudiants au collège, d’autres chercheurs rapportent, entre 15 à 18, ans une augmentation majeure de ces taux, ceux des filles étant jusqu’à deux fois plus importants, soulignant ainsi l’hypothèse d’une plus grande vulnérabilité à la dépression. Dans cette optique, cette étude réalisée auprès de 211 élèves (87 garçons et 124 filles) ayant fait la transition secondaire-collégial vise à examiner par des analyses longitudinales l’évolution des symptômes dépressifs, des niveaux de stress et des distorsions cognitives ainsi que le rôle modérateur des distorsions cognitives et du genre dans la relation entre le stress et la dépression. Les résultats indiquent que durant cette transition, les filles rapportent davantage de symptômes dépressifs et de stress alors que les garçons rapportent davantage de distorsions cognitives reliées à la réussite. Chez les garçons, une diminution des distorsions cognitives de dépendance a été observée avec le temps. Les distorsions cognitives de réussite et de dépendance (en 5

e

secondaire) jouent un rôle modérateur entre le stress et la dépression en 1

re

année au collège, mais cette relation n’est pas modérée par le genre. Une discussion ainsi que les limites de l’étude sont présentées eu égard aux différences reliées au genre.
Le chronotope de la « route moderne »
Authors: Jeusette Julien
Published: December 2017

Guidé par le concept de « chronotope », que Mikhaïl Bakhtine applique à l’analyse de la littérature européenne, cet article pose l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’espace-temps particulier qui se déploie dans le genre du road movie à la fin des années 1960 est déjà présent dans l’un des premiers textes à rendre compte d’un voyage en automobile, La 628-E8, récit d’Octave Mirbeau, en 1907.
Calcium-mediated shaping of naive CD4 T-cell phenotype and function
Authors: Guichard Vincent , Bonilla Nelly , Durand Aurélie , Audemard-Verger Alexandra , Guilbert Thomas , Martin Bruno , Lucas Bruno , Auffray Cédric
Published: December 2017

Continuous contact with self-major histocompatibility complex ligands is essential for the survival of naive CD4 T cells. We have previously shown that the resulting tonic TCR signaling also influences their fate upon activation by increasing their ability to differentiate into induced/peripheral regulatory T cells. To decipher the molecular mechanisms governing this process, we here focus on the TCR signaling cascade and demonstrate that a rise in intracellular calcium levels is sufficient to modulate the phenotype of mouse naive CD4 T cells and to increase their sensitivity to regulatory T-cell polarization signals, both processes relying on calcineurin activation. Accordingly, in vivo calcineurin inhibition leads the most self-reactive naive CD4 T cells to adopt the phenotype of their less self-reactive cell-counterparts. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that calcium-mediated activation of the calcineurin pathway acts as a rheostat to shape both the phenotype and effector potential of naive CD4 T cells in the steady-state.
Akt regulation of glycolysis mediates bioenergetic stability in epithelial cells
Authors: Hung Yin P , Teragawa Carolyn , Kosaisawe Nont , Gillies Taryn E , Pargett Michael , Minguet Marta , Distor Kevin , Rocha-Gregg Briana L , Coloff Jonathan L , Keibler Mark A , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Yellen Gary , Brugge Joan S , Albeck John G
Published: December 2017

Cells use multiple feedback controls to regulate metabolism in response to nutrient and signaling inputs. However, feedback creates the potential for unstable network responses. We examined how concentrations of key metabolites and signaling pathways interact to maintain homeostasis in proliferating human cells, using fluorescent reporters for AMPK activity, Akt activity, and cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox. Across various conditions, including glycolytic or mitochondrial inhibition or cell proliferation, we observed distinct patterns of AMPK activity, including both stable adaptation and highly dynamic behaviors such as periodic oscillations and irregular fluctuations that indicate a failure to reach a steady state. Fluctuations in AMPK activity, Akt activity, and cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state were temporally linked in individual cells adapting to metabolic perturbations. By monitoring single-cell dynamics in each of these contexts, we identified PI3K/Akt regulation of glycolysis as a multifaceted modulator of single-cell metabolic dynamics that is required to maintain metabolic stability in proliferating cells.
Intermittent Ca2+ signals mediated by Orai1 regulate basal T cell motility
Authors: Dong Tobias X , Othy Shivashankar , Greenberg Milton L , Jairaman Amit , Akunwafo Chijioke , Leverrier Sabrina , Yu Ying , Parker Ian , Dynes Joseph L , Cahalan Michael D
Published: December 2017

Ca2+ influx through Orai1 channels is crucial for several T cell functions, but a role in regulating basal cellular motility has not been described. Here, we show that inhibition of Orai1 channel activity increases average cell velocities by reducing the frequency of pauses in human T cells migrating through confined spaces, even in the absence of extrinsic cell contacts or antigen recognition. Utilizing a novel ratiometric genetically encoded cytosolic Ca2+ indicator, Salsa6f, which permits real-time monitoring of cytosolic Ca2+ along with cell motility, we show that spontaneous pauses during T cell motility in vitro and in vivo coincide with episodes of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, lymph node T cells exhibited two types of spontaneous Ca2+ transients: short-duration ‘sparkles’ and longer duration global signals. Our results demonstrate that spontaneous and self-peptide MHC-dependent activation of Orai1 ensures random walk behavior in T cells to optimize immune surveillance.
Live-cell mapping of organelle-associated RNAs via proximity biotinylation combined with protein-RNA crosslinking
Authors: Kaewsapsak Pornchai , Shechner David Michael , Mallard William , Rinn John L , Ting Alice Y
Published: December 2017

The spatial organization of RNA within cells is a crucial factor influencing a wide range of biological functions throughout all kingdoms of life. However, a general understanding of RNA localization has been hindered by a lack of simple, high-throughput methods for mapping the transcriptomes of subcellular compartments. Here, we develop such a method, termed APEX-RIP, which combines peroxidase-catalyzed, spatially restricted in situ protein biotinylation with RNA-protein chemical crosslinking. We demonstrate that, using a single protocol, APEX-RIP can isolate RNAs from a variety of subcellular compartments, including the mitochondrial matrix, nucleus, cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with specificity and sensitivity that rival or exceed those of conventional approaches. We further identify candidate RNAs localized to mitochondria-ER junctions and nuclear lamina, two compartments that are recalcitrant to classical biochemical purification. Since APEX-RIP is simple, versatile, and does not require special instrumentation, we envision its broad application in a variety of biological contexts.
cAMP signaling regulates DNA hydroxymethylation by augmenting the intracellular labile ferrous iron pool
Authors: Camarena Vladimir , Sant David W , Huff Tyler C , Mustafi Sushmita , Muir Ryan K , Aron Allegra T , Chang Christopher J , Renslo Adam R , Monje Paula V , Wang Gaofeng
Published: December 2017

It is widely accepted that cAMP regulates gene transcription principally by activating the protein kinase A (PKA)-targeted transcription factors. Here, we show that cAMP enhances the generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in multiple cell types. 5hmC is converted from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases, for which Fe(II) is an essential cofactor. The promotion of 5hmC was mediated by a prompt increase of the intracellular labile Fe(II) pool (LIP). cAMP enhanced the acidification of endosomes for Fe(II) release to the LIP likely through RapGEF2. The effect of cAMP on Fe(II) and 5hmC was confirmed by adenylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and most notably by stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The transcriptomic changes caused by cAMP occurred in concert with 5hmC elevation in differentially transcribed genes. Collectively, these data show a previously unrecognized regulation of gene transcription by GPCR-cAMP signaling through augmentation of the intracellular labile Fe(II) pool and DNA hydroxymethylation.
Lost-Identity; A Result of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North
Authors: Zohdi Esmaeil
Published: December 2017

During the colonial period, British colonizers marched to the Third and Fourth World countries to exploit them for the purpose of colonizers’ economical uplifts. Therefore, colonizers internalized their own superiority over the inferior colonized countries by devaluing their culture, race, language, and identity in order to pillage the colonized. As the result, many of the colonized individuals migrated to the developed countries to educate there in order to save their motherlands. However, facing with an alien culture and language caused the colonized to have a merged and dual identity. In this regard, Season of Migration to the North, written in 1969 by Tayeb Salih, is the story of an intelligent colonized who sacrifices his own life and identity to take revenge on colonizers by traveling to London and educating there. But, Mustafa Saeed, the intelligent colonized, loses his own identity in this way and finally disappears as the victim of this colonizing strategy’s consequence, merged- or lost-identity. Therefore, in this study, it has been tried to investigate Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North through Homi K. Bhabha’s theories of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” as the causes of merged- and even lost-identity in post-colonial discourse.
Persuasive Strategies towards Racial Appeal in Tony Morrison’s The Bluest Eye
Authors: Shabani Somayeh
Published: December 2017

Racism is the main theme in Toni Morisson’s The Bluest Eye. The little black girl’s long lasting yearn for blue eyes has been linked to the standards of America’s society in 1940’s which associated beauty to being white. Although instances of racism are rampant throughout the story, previous studies have not attempted to determine the type of persuasive strategies used by Toni Morrison to justify racism in the novel. In this paper, the author made use of Aristotle’s concepts of ethos, logos, and pathos, as 3 main dimensions of persuasion to determine the strategies used in the novel by the narrator-Claudia. Descriptive qualitative analysis of the novel’s text revealed that the author has made use of all these strategies. Pathos was observed in form of feelings of fear, anger and hatred. Logos was observed in the logic of the grown up society of America about being white and ethos was found among the black who themselves credited the whites over their own race.
A Route to the Teaching of Polysemous Lexicon: Benefits from Cognitive Linguistics and Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Authors: Veliz Leonardo
Published: December 2017

This paper discusses some implications and applications of the field of Cognitive linguistics (CL) to the teaching of English as a second, foreign or additional language (ESL, EFL or EAL). Some of the areas to which CL has immensely contributed are the teaching and learning of grammar, including modality and prepositions (e.g. Langacker, 1991; Langacker, 2008), the teaching and learning of lexis, especially metaphorically-used words and expressions (e.g. Boers, 2004; Deignan, Gabrys, & Solska, 1997; Kalyuga & Kalyuga, 2008; Kövecses, 1996), and the teaching and development of literacy skills, in particular the skills to better understand texts with metaphors embedded (e.g. Boers, 2000). A discussion of all these areas is certainly beyond the scope of this paper. The area to which some attention is drawn in this article is that of teaching metaphorical lexis, with a particular focus on the teaching of polysemous words. General suggestions and teaching recommendations are made in an attempt to bring this field closer to language practitioners.
Investigating ESP Instructors’ Beliefs and Attitudes and Their Classroom Practices
Authors: Rajabi Yousef
Published: December 2017

This study was an attempt to examine Iranian ESP teachers’ beliefs and their ties with classroom practices. To do so through convenient sampling, twenty five ESP teachers teaching English for specific purposes in different disciplines such as Chemistry, Accounting, Mathematics, and Law at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch, in Kermanshah city, Kermanshah, Iran participated in this study. Since the participants' gender was not among the aims of this study, its probable effects were controlled. In order for the data to be as reliable and valid as possible, the participants were interviewed and asked to fill in the questionnaire at times when they had free time.  The researcher had the teachers fill in the questionnaire. Then, they were interviewed in their free times most often outside the university. The findings of the study revealed that there was no relationship between ESP teachers’ beliefs on their teaching practices in the classroom.
The Newest Survey on Language Attitude of Sundanese Urban Community in West Java Province, Indonesia Against Sundanese, Indonesian, And Foreign Language: A Study on Multilingual Speaker
Authors: M.Hum Ade Mulyanah
Published: December 2017

This research  intends to describe the newest survey on the language attitude of the Sundanese, West Java, Indonesia  Urban Community  against Sundanese, Indonesian, and foreign language. The methodology   of the reserach  is quantitative method.  Although most of the people in West Java  are Sundanese , most of them are multilingual. Therefore, the writer tries  to find the language attitude of Sundanese toward  Sundanese, Indonesia, and foreign language. Respondents involved in the research are  324 respondents living in Bogor city, 84 respondents living  in Bandung city, and 92 respondents living in Bekasi city.  The study seeks to discover how Sundanese people shift their language in their communication. Based on Keller’s theory  (1968), language shift caused more by the emergence of the industry. The three cities are industrial area where people are possibly to choose certain language in communication. Furthermore, Cooper (1978) showed that the role of language became the lingua franca (in this case, including Indonesian) often urged the local language. The result of the research  indicates  that   (1)  the attitude of the Sundanese urban community in West Java to the Sundanese language is good category, because the average only reaches 64.11% . The language attitude of people in Bogor is the lowest among the three cities. (2) The language attitude of the Sundanese urban community in West Java to the Indonesian language is in fair category , because the average is only 56.19%. The lowest language attitude of urban community in West Java toward Indonesian language is  Bekasi.(3) The attitude of the Sundanese urban community in West Java to foreign languages is in good category because the average  reaches  69.85%. The highest language attitude toward foreign language is Bogor. Since this is the newest survey on language attitude on urban community in West Java, it will be very significant findings for those who are interested in multingual conditions in West Java, Indonesia.
From Natural to Artificial Selection: A Chaotic Reading of Shelagh Stephenson’s An Experiment with an Air Pump (1998)
Authors: Ahmad Yas Khalid , Ali Termizi Arbaayah , Talif Rosli , Kaur Hardev
Published: December 2017

The paper aims to utilise chaos theory as a methodology and perspective to analyse Shelagh Stephenson’s science drama An Experiment with an Air Pump thematically and structurally. It is highly pertinent to mention here that the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 by Watson and Crick coincided with the development of a new paradigm shift in science, chaos theory.  The discovery of the DNA structure, on the other hand, led to the birth of the science of genetics which reached its peak in the late 1990s when Human Genome Project was completed. Theatre did not stand aloof from this radical shift. Mapping human genome might lead to appalling ethical dilemmas. Topics related to the cold war and nuclear-bomb were replaced with ones quoted from biology, genetics and cloning. Stephenson’s play brings to light the danger of turning from natural to artificial selection as science, now, has access not only to the DNA structure but also how to manipulate it.  The drama’s extensive debate focuses mainly on the risk of genome-related discrimination.
The Effect of Swain's Push Out Hypothesis on Promoting Jordanian Language Learners' Reading Performance
Authors: Al-Ghazo Abeer
Published: December 2017

The present study investigates the effect of push out hypothesis in language acquisition that is based on Swain’s push out hypothesis (1985) on promoting Jordanian language learners' reading performance. The sample of the study consists of two classes of English reading comprehension  Course , Level one with 60 EFL students, 30 in the control group and 30 in the experimental group. Those students were belonging to the Department of English Language and Literature. The researchers choose the reading texts from reading comprehension course which was published by Macmillan Education LTD, intermediate level (2001). The researchers construct a multiple-choice reading comprehension test to assess the students reading comprehension. The participants in the two groups took a vocabulary test and an achievement reading comprehension test as a pre-test  in order to be sure that the participants formed a homogenous sample. The experimental group underwent a treatment based on Swains’ push out task, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Then, Proper statistical analyses were used to analyze the results. The scores of control and experimental group were compared at the end of the treatment period. The results reveal that the scores of the experimental group on the post-test were significantly higher than those of the control group. These results prove that teaching on the basis of the Swains’ push out hypothesis was successful to develop the students’ reading comprehension as well as their performance.
Crossing Canadian Cultural Borders: A study of the Aboriginal/White Stereotypical Relations in George Ryga's The Ecstasy of Rita Joe
Authors: Samman Maram M.
Published: December 2017

This paper traces the intercultural journey of a young Aboriginal girl into the hegemonic white society. Rita Joe crossed the imaginary border that separates her reserve from the other Canadian society living in the urban developed city. Through this play, George Ryga aims at achieving liberation and social equality for the Aboriginals who are considered a colonized minority in their land. The research illustrates how Ryga represented his personal version of the colonial Aboriginal history to provide an empowering body narrative that supports their identity in the present and resists the erosion of their culture and tradition. The play makes very strong statements to preserve the family, history and local heritage against this forced assimilation. It tells the truth as its playwright saw it. The play is about the trail of Rita Joe after she moved from her reserve in pursuit of the illusion of the city where she thought she would find freedom and social equality. In fact the audience and the readers are all on trial. Ryga is pointing fingers at everyone who is responsible for the plights of the Aboriginals as it is clear in the play. He questions the Whites’ stereotypical stand against the Aboriginals. The play is a direct criticism of the political, social and cultural systems in Canada. The paper reveals Aboriginals' acts of opposition to racism, assimilation and colonization as represented in The Ecstasy of Rita Joe.
CD4 count and tuberculosis risk in HIV-positive adults not on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ellis Penelope K. , Martin Willam J. , Dodd Peter J.
Published: December 2017

Background

CD4 cell count in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PLHIV) not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences tuberculosis (TB) risk. Despite widespread use in models informing resource allocation, this relationship has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE, Aidsinfo, Cochrane review database and Google Scholar for reports in English describing TB incidence stratified by updated CD4 cell count in cohorts of HIV-positive adults (age ≥15 years) not on ART (PROSPERO protocol no: CRD42016048888). Among inclusion criteria were: reporting precision for TB incidence, repeated CD4 measurements, and TB incidence reported for those not on ART or monotherapy. Study quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa tool for cohort studies. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to estimate the pooled factor increase in TB incidence with respect to CD4 cell count decrement.

Results

A total of 1,555 distinct records were identified from which 164 full text articles were obtained. Common reasons for exclusion of full texts were: no valid TB incidence, no repeat CD4 measurements, and not reporting TB incidence by ART status. The seven studies included reported on 1,206 TB cases among 41,271 individuals, with a typical median follow-up of four years. Studies were generally rated as moderate or high quality. Our meta-analysis estimated a 1.43 (95% credible interval: 1.16–1.88)-fold increase in TB incidence per 100 cells per mm3 decrease in CD4 cell count.

Discussion

Our analysis confirms previous estimates of exponential increase in TB incidence with declining CD4 cell count in adults, emphasizing the importance of early ART initiation to reduce TB risk in PLHIV.
Regulating the UAS/GAL4 system in adultDrosophilawith Tet-off GAL80 transgenes
Authors: Barwell Taylor , DeVeale Brian , Poirier Luc , Zheng Jie , Seroude Frederique , Seroude Laurent
Published: December 2017

The UAS/GAL4 system is the most used method inDrosophila melanogasterfor directing the expression of a gene of interest to a specific tissue. However, the ability to control the temporal activity of GAL4 with this system is very limited. This study constructed and characterized Tet-off GAL80 transgenes designed to allow temporal control of GAL4 activity in aging adult muscles. By placing GAL80 under the control of a Tet-off promoter, GAL4 activity is regulated by the presence or absence of tetracycline in the diet. Almost complete inhibition of the expression of UAS transgenes during the pre-adult stages of the life cycle is obtained by using four copies and two types of Tet-off GAL80 transgenes. Upon treatment of newly emerged adults with tetracycline, induction of GAL4 activity is observed but the level of induction is influenced by the concentration of the inducer, the age, the sex and the anatomical location of the expression. The inhibition of GAL4 activity and the maintenance of induced expression are altered in old animals. This study reveals that the repressive ability of GAL80 is affected by the age and sex of the animal which is a major limitation to regulate gene expression with GAL80 in agedDrosophila.