bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful “in‐flight” activation of natural killer cells during long‐distance shipping
Authors: Koepsell Scott A. , Kadidlo Diane M. , Fautsch Susan , McCullough Jeffrey , Klingemann Hans , Wagner John E. , Miller Jeffrey S. , McKenna Jr David H.
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells have shown promise in the treatment of malignancy. However, the widespread use of these cells may be limited by both the lack of resources and the expertise needed to manufacture them and the apparent need to use only fresh cells. The NHLBI‐sponsored Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies group was established to provide the resources and expertise to carry out cell therapy research, including support of clinical trials. Here we describe the qualification of in transit activation of an NK‐cell therapy product in preparation for a Phase I clinical trial at a distant medical center.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nonmobilized apheresis mononuclear cell collections were CD3+ cell depleted, placed into culture bags with interleukin (IL)‐2, and shipped from Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Columbus, Ohio, and back to Minneapolis/Saint Paul, under warm, monitored temperatures. Products underwent quality control (QC) testing including cell count, immunophenotyping, viability, endotoxin, sterility culture, and cytotoxicity assays. One product tested the relative importance of IL‐2 and controlled incubation.

RESULTS: The length of shipment ranged from 14 to 16 hours, and temperatures were well controlled. QC testing was acceptable based upon previous in‐house experience. Controlled incubation was not necessary for successful activation of NK cells, but IL‐2 appeared essential.

CONCLUSION: The need for novel cell therapies to be infused as fresh products may be a limitation for various cell types. However, we have shown that NK cells can be successfully shipped in the fresh state (allowing 48 hr from apheresis to product infusion) for use at clinical centers. Although IL‐2 is critical for NK‐cell activation, a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator is not.
Clinically significant anti‐A1 in a presumed ABO‐identical hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: a case report
Authors: Jaben Elizabeth A. , Jacob Eapen K. , Tauscher Craig , D'Souza Anita , Hogan William J. , Stubbs James R.
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Subgroups of the blood group A (ABO) are generally not considered ABO incompatible for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant.

CASE REPORT: A 54‐year‐old female presented for HPC transplantation for acute leukemia. No HLA‐matched donor was identified, so she received a peripheral blood stem cell graft from an HLA‐mismatched unrelated donor. On pretransplant testing, both the donor and the recipient typed as blood group A. On Day +67 after transplant, the recipient had a transfusion reaction consisting of an increase in temperature, rigors, and shaking chills during infusion of a unit of group A red blood cells (RBCs). A transfusion reaction workup revealed an ABO discrepancy with both anti‐A (1+) and anti‐B (3+) identified in the patient's serum as well as a positive direct antiglobulin test with monoclonal anti‐IgG antisera. Anti‐A1 were identified serologically and in an eluate. Hemolysis was clinically significant, requiring blood transfusion. No ABO typing discrepancies were found on pretransplant testing in either the recipient or the donor. DNA sequencing for blood group A subgroups performed after the transfusion reaction on blood collected before the transplant showed the donor to be type A1 and the recipient as A2. Unfortunately, the patient experienced graft failure requiring reconditioning and reinfusion of additional cells from the original HPC donor. On Day +94 after the second transplant, the patient died with severe acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease.

CONCLUSION: This report describes a blood group A2 patient who developed an anti‐A1 causing clinically significant hemolysis after HPC transplant from an A1 donor.
Thrombus‐Aspiration through 5 Fr Guiding Catheter with Transradial Approach in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Feasibility of a Mini‐invasive Strategy
Authors: ROULE VINCENT , DAHDOUH ZIAD , WAIN‐HOBSON JULIEN , BIGNON MATHIEU , MALCOR GUILLAUME , LOGNONÉ THÉRÈSE , MILLIEZ PAUL , GROLLIER GILLES , SABATIER RÉMI
Published: May 2012

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach in acute coronary syndromes.

Background:

The use of thrombus‐aspirating devices improves myocardial reperfusion but requires at least a 6 Fr guiding catheter. Transradial coronary interventions using a 5 Fr guiding catheter are attractive to reduce bleeding complications.

Methods:

We retrospectively selected patients presenting acute coronary syndromes with angiographically visible thrombus who underwent thrombus‐aspiration through radial access using a 4 Fr multipurpose catheter in a 5 Fr guiding catheter. We described clinical and angiographic characteristics of the cohort, and the procedure's technique, success and complications.

Results:

Among the 34 included patients, 29 presented ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Complete resolution of the ST‐segment elevation was effective in 93% of these patients. TIMI flow grade after thrombus‐aspiration was significantly improved compared to baseline TIMI flow grade or after passage of the guidewire (P < 0.001 for both). There was no dissection or perforation but we noted distal embolization in 5 cases probably explained by the high grade of intracoronary thrombus in our cohort.

Conclusion:

Thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach seems to be safe and effective in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome. This mini‐invasive approach brought the advantages of the transradial access in 5 Fr but also its limitations. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:323–329)
Comparison Between Radial and Femoral Approach for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Aged 80 Years or Older
Authors: HU FENGHUAN , YANG YUEJIN , QIAO SHUBIN , XU BO , LIU HAIBO , WU YONGJIAN , CHEN JUE , YOU SHIJIE , CHEN JILIN , GAO RUNLIN
Published: May 2012

Objective:
 To compare safety and efficacy between the radial and femoral approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients aged 80 years and older.

Method:
 Two hundred sixty‐eight elderly patients (80–97 years old, 176 men) who underwent elective PCI between May 2003 and May 2007 were included in this study: the femoral (hereinafter referred to as the Femoral Approach Group) approach was used on 156 patients and radial (Radial Approach Group) on 112 patients. Clinical and procedural characteristics and the incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
 Procedural success rate was similar and >95% for both approaches. The radial approach was associated with longer cannulation (3.0 ± 2.8 minutes vs. 2.0 ± 1.9 minutes, P < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (23 ± 15 minutes vs. 19 ± 12 minutes, P = 0.03) and higher rate of crossover to an alternative access site (9.8% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.02) compared with the femoral approach, while ambulation time (5 ± 2 hours vs. 20 ± 4 hours, P < 0.001), and rates of access site bleeding (2.7% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.004), hematoma (4.5% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.006), or any vascular complication (7.1% vs. 23.7%, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced with the radial approach as opposed to femoral. Multivariate regression identifies the radial approach (OR = 0.25, CI = 0.09–0.75) as an independent negative predictor of postprocedural vascular complications.

Conclusion:
 When compared to the femoral approach, PCI with the radial approach significantly reduces rates of vascular complications in high‐risk populations of patients aged 80 years and older. However, efficacy and procedural success rates were similar for both groups whereas cannulation and fluoroscopy time longer and puncture failure rate higher with the radial approach than femoral. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:513–517)
Safety of Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Small Weight Infants
Authors: DRIGHIL ABDENASSER , AL JUFAN MANSOUR , AL OMRANE KHALID , AL ATTA JAMEEL , AL OMRANI AHMED , AL FADLEY FADEL
Published: May 2012

Background:

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent congenital heart disease. Its transcatheter closure has become the treatment of choice in children and adults. However, the device closure of PDA in children with low weight is still challenging with high rate of complications. The aim of this study was to report further experience with trancatheter closure of PDA using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder(ADO) for children weighing less or equal to 8 kg.

Methods:

Twenty‐two patients (5 male, 17 female) underwent transcatheter closure of a PDA using ADO at a median age of 10 months (range 4 to 26) and a median weight of 7 kg (range 4.3 to 8). Follow‐up evaluations were performed with Doppler echocardiography at 24h, and at 6 and 12 months.

Results:

The device was implanted successfully in all patients. The median fluoroscopy time was 17.25 min (range 10 to 29). Within 24h, color Doppler revealed complete closure in 15 patients (68%), the other patients had a small residual shunt. No deaths were associated with the procedure. Two patients had a slight aortic protrusion of the device without coarctation and in one patient the device encroached partially on the left pulmonary artery without significant acceleration on Doppler echocardiography. All patients were discharged home the next day. All patients completed the 6‐month follow‐up with complete closure in 18 patients (81%). At the last evaluation in all patients at any time, there has been documentation of complete PDA closure in 20 (91%) of 22 patients.

Conclusion:

In patients weighing less or equal to 8 kg, percutaneous closure of PDA using an ADO is a safe and effective procedure. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:391–394)
Improving Long‐Term ACS Management: Is There a Role for the New Antiplatelets?
Authors: COHEN MARC
Published: May 2012

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major health burden, resulting in increased hospital admissions and significant morbidity and mortality. Platelet activation, which leads to thrombin generation, is highly implicated in ACS, and antiplatelet agents represent the current standard of care. Established antiplatelet agents include acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), thienopyridines (clopidogrel, ticlopidine), and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Recently, antiplatelet therapy for ACS has evolved to include more potent inhibitors (e.g., prasugrel, cangrelor, and ticagrelor). During the acute phase of an acute coronary event, both anticoagulation and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine are guideline recommended as first‐line treatment. While anticoagulation is usually limited to the acute in‐patient phase, dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for 12 months. Despite the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in ACS, in many patients the residual risk of death from cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stroke, and refractory ischemia remains high. Dual therapy (i.e., ASA or clopidogrel plus a vitamin K antagonist [VKA]), and triple therapy (two antiplatelets plus a VKA) are associated with increases in bleeding complications. New oral anticoagulants that offer a novel mechanism of action may, when added to the current standard of care, provide a more comprehensive response to thrombin generation. In this review, we examine the pathology of ACS, investigate antiplatelet therapies and describe emerging anticoagulants that may be of benefit when used as combination therapy with antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention in ACS patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:425–432)
Patient‐specific phosphorus mobilization clearance during nocturnal and short daily hemodialysis
Authors: Agar Baris U. , Troidle Laura , Finkelstein Frederic O. , Kohn Orly F. , Akonur Alp , Leypoldt John K.
Published: May 2012

The kinetics of plasma phosphorus during different hemodialysis (HD) modalities are incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated that a pseudo one‐compartment kinetic model including phosphorus mobilization from various body compartments into extracellular fluids can describe intradialytic and postdialytic rebound kinetics of plasma phosphorus during conventional and short 2‐hour HD treatments. In this model, individual patient differences in phosphorus kinetics were characterized by a single parameter, the phosphorus mobilization clearance (KM). In this report we determined KM in patients treated by in‐center nocturnal HD (ICNHD) and short daily HD (SDHD) with low dialyzer phosphate clearance. In the ICNHD study, eight patients underwent 8‐hour HD treatments where intradialytic and postdialytic plasma samples were collected; KM values were determined by nonlinear regression of plasma concentration as a function of time. In the SDHD study, five patients were studied during 28 treatments for approximately 3 hours. Here, KM was calculated using only predialytic and postdialytic plasma phosphorus concentrations. Dialyzer phosphate clearances were 134 ± 20 (mean ± SD) and 95 ± 16 mL/min during ICNHD and SDHD, respectively. KM values for the respective therapies were 124 ± 83 and 103 ± 33 mL/min, comparable to those determined previously during conventional and short HD treatments of 98 ± 44 mL/min. When results from ICNHD, SDHD, and previous HD modalities were combined, KM was directly correlated with postdialytic body weight (r = 0.38, P = 0.025) and inversely correlated with predialytic phosphorus concentration (r = −0.47, P = 0.005). These findings suggest that phosphorus kinetics during various HD modalities can be described by a pseudo one‐compartment model.
What Difference Reveals About Similarity
Authors: Sagi Eyal , Gentner Dedre , Lovett Andrew
Published: May 2012

Detecting that two images are different is faster for highly dissimilar images than for highly similar images. Paradoxically, we showed that the reverse occurs when people are asked to describe how two images differ—that is, to state a difference between two images. Following structure‐mapping theory, we propose that this disassociation arises from the multistage nature of the comparison process. Detecting that two images are different can be done in the initial (local‐matching) stage, but only for pairs with low overlap; thus, “different” responses are faster for low‐similarity than for high‐similarity pairs. In contrast, identifying a specific difference generally requires a full structural alignment of the two images, and this alignment process is faster for high‐similarity pairs. We described four experiments that demonstrate this dissociation and show that the results can be simulated using the Structure‐Mapping Engine. These results pose a significant challenge for nonstructural accounts of similarity comparison and suggest that structural alignment processes play a significant role in visual comparison.
Pulsation of the fetal splenic vein – a potential ultrasound marker of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: MUSILOVA IVANA , KACEROVSKY MARIAN , HORNYCHOVA HELENA , KOSTAL MILAN , JACOBSSON BO
Published: May 2012

The fetal spleen is involved in the response to intrauterine infection and inflammation. The flow pattern of its vein is not pulsatile in normal conditions. The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis is associated with a continuous or pulsatile flow pattern in the fetal splenic vein. We performed a prospective study including 79 women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. We found a relation between pulsation in the splenic vein and histological chorioamnionitis (likelihood ratio 13.2), as well as funisitis (likelihood ratio 5.7). Ultrasound evaluation of the splenic vein could be a non‐invasive tool for the prediction of these inflammatory complications.
Balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in the multidisciplinary management of placenta percreta
Authors: CLAUSEN CAROLINE , STENSBALLE JAKOB , ALBRECHTSEN CHARLOTTE K. , HANSEN MARC A. , LÖNN LARS , LANGHOFF‐ROOS JENS
Published: May 2012

Objective. To evaluate our experience with prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries as a part of a multidisciplinary algorithm for the management of placenta percreta. Design. Consecutive case series. Setting. Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. Sample. Seventeen women with placenta percreta. Methods. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative data and outcomes are summarized and discussed. Main outcome measures. Feasibility of local resection, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements. Results. The multidisciplinary management allowed for local resections in nine of the 11 women who requested preservation of fertility. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 4050 mL (range 450–16 000 mL, median 2500 mL). Adhesions to the bladder or the parietal peritoneum were associated with an intraoperative blood loss >6000 mL. Conclusions. Prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries as part of a multidisciplinary algorithm allowed for a safe management of all cases in our consecutive series of 17 women with placenta percreta. However, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements were significant. We have therefore decided to modify our multidisciplinary algorithm to include balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries rather than the internal iliac arteries.
Cutaneous mixed tumor with prominent pilomatricomal differentiation
Authors: Siraj Fouzia , Jain Deepali
Published: May 2012

Cutaneous mixed tumors show a wide range of differentiation and metaplastic changes in their components. However, pilomatricomal differentiation is a rare phenomenon and, when present, is usually only focal. We report a case of a 59‐year‐old male who presented with a large tumor in the scalp. Histopathologic examination revealed an apocrine mixed tumor with prominent pilomatricomal differentiation.
CD147 expression in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Dean Nichole R. , Frederick John W. , Scott Magnuson J. , Carroll William R. , Desmond Renee A. , Rosenthal Eben L.
Published: May 2012

Background: CD147 is upregulated in multiple cancer types, but its expression in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unknown. Our purpose was to evaluate the expression patterns of CD147 and related monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4) to determine their correlation with survival.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced stage cutaneous SCC of the head and neck who presented to a tertiary care center between 1998 and 2006 (n=50). CD147, MCT1 and MCT4 expression levels were assessed using immunofluorescence analysis of archived tumor samples and correlated with survival and clinicopathologic characteristics.

Results: The majority of patients (92%, n = 46) were diagnosed with stage III disease, with 46% (n = 23) having positive regional lymph node metastasis and 8% (n = 4) with distant metastasis. Primary malignancies had an overexpression of CD147 (78%; n = 35), MCT1 (23%; n = 10) and MCT4 (47%; n = 20). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the overexpression of CD147 and node positive disease (p = 0.048). Two‐ and five‐year survival rates were 69 and 61%, respectively. There was a trend toward decreased survival in patients with overexpression of CD147 (p = 0.17), MCT1 (p = 0.11) and MCT4 (p = 0.15).

Conclusion: CD147 may represent a biomarker or potential therapeutic target in advanced cutaneous SCC.

Sweeny L. Dean NR, Frederick JW, Scott Magnuson J, Carroll WR, Desmond RA, Rosenthal EL. CD147 expression in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Consumption of the epidermis in acral lentiginous melanoma
Authors: Ohata Chika , Nakai Chiaki , Kasugai Tsutomu , Katayama Ichiro
Published: May 2012

Background: Consumption of the epidermis (hereafter, consumption), namely thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges adjacent to collections of melanocytes, has been used to differentiate invasive melanoma from Spitz nevi. Evaluation of 213 invasive melanomas, including only two cases of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), showed that the frequency of consumption increases with increasing tumor thickness.

Methods: We evaluated consumption in 52 acral melanomas relative to age, gender, Breslow depth, tumor thickness (based on the 2010 American Joint Commission on Cancer guidelines), Clark level, mitoses, ulceration, vertical‐growth phase, regression, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and anatomical site.

Results: Consumption was more frequent in ALM with increasing Breslow depth (p = 0.01), and in the presence of ulceration (p = 0.0078); in all cases with ulcer, consumption was found adjacent to the ulceration. There was no statistically significant difference in consumption in nail melanomas in comparison to melanomas of acral skin other than the nail.

Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that epidermal thinning in consumption represents an early phase of ulceration. No statistically significant difference in consumption was found between nail melanomas and melanomas of acral skin other than the nail, probably because of similar tumor thickness in both groups.

Ohata C, Nakai C, Kasugai T, Katayama I. Consumption of the epidermis in acral lentiginous melanoma.
The G60S Cx43 mutant enhances keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Churko Jared M. , Kelly John J. , MacDonald Andrew , Lee Jack , Sampson Jacinda , Bai Donglin , Laird Dale W.
Published: May 2012

Transient knock‐down of the gap junction protein Cx43 by antisense and siRNA, or gap junction block with mimetic peptides, have been shown to enhance epidermal wound healing. However, patients with oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) express mutant Cx43 that leads to a chronic reduction in gap junctional intercellular communication. To determine whether mutant Cx43 in keratinocytes would impact upon the wound healing process, we localized Cx43 in human and mouse skin tissue expressing mutant Cx43 and assessed the ability of primary keratinocytes derived from a mouse model of ODDD to proliferate, migrate and differentiate. In the epidermis from an ODDD patient and in the epidermis of mice expressing the G60S mutant or in keratinocytes obtained from mutant mice, Cx43 was frequently found within intracellular compartments and rarely localized to punctate sites of cell–cell apposition. Primary keratinocytes derived from G60S mutant mice proliferated faster but migrated similarly to keratinocytes derived from wild‐type control mice. Keratinocytes derived from mutant mice expressed abundant Cx43 and higher levels of involucrin and loricrin under low calcium conditions. However, after calcium‐induced differentiation, similar levels of Cx43, involucrin and loricrin were observed. Thus, we conclude that during wound healing, mutant Cx43 may enhance keratinocyte proliferation and promote early differentiation of keratinocytes.
Phagosome as the Organelle Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Kagan Jonathan C. , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: May 2012

The means by which phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense mechanisms are linked have expanded greatly in recent years. It is now clear that the process of phagocytosis does more than just degrade internalized microbes, but also helps coordinate the actions of the innate and adaptive immune system. This review will discuss the means by which Toll‐like receptor signaling pathways are coordinated around the processes of phagocytosis, phagosome trafficking and autophagy and how these signaling pathways influence T‐cell‐mediated immunity. In this regard, we propose that at the subcellular level, phagosomes represent the smallest definable unit that links innate and adaptive immunity.
Dopamine receptors D1 and D2 are related to observed maternal behavior
Authors: Mileva‐Seitz V. , Fleming A. S. , Meaney M. J. , Mastroianni A. , Sinnwell J. P. , Steiner M. , Atkinson L. , Levitan R. D. , Matthews S. G. , Kennedy J. L. , Sokolowski M. B.
Published: May 2012

The dopamine pathway and especially the dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (DRD1 and DRD2) are implicated in the regulation of mothering in rats. Evidence for this in humans is lacking. Here, we show that genetic variation in both DRD1 and DRD2 genes in a sample of 187 Caucasian mothers predicts variation in distinct maternal behaviors during a 30‐min mother–infant interaction at 6 months postpartum. Two DRD1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs265981 and rs686) significantly associated with maternal orienting away from the infant (P= 0.002 andP= 0.003, respectively), as did DRD1 haplotypes (P= 0.03). Two DRD2 SNPs (rs1799732 and rs6277) significantly associated with maternal infant‐directed vocalizing (P= 0.001 andP= 0.04, respectively), as did DRD2 haplotypes (P= 0.01). We present evidence for heterosis in DRD1 where heterozygote mothers orient away from their infants significantly less than either homozygote group. Our findings provide important evidence that genetic variation in receptors critical for mothering in non‐human species also affect human maternal behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of exploring multiple dimensions of the complex human mothering phenotype.
Evaluation of energetic metabolism in the rat brain after meningitis induction byKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Barichello Tatiana , Simões Lutiana Roque , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Carradore Mirelle M. , Moreira Ana Paula , Panatto Ana Paula , Costa Caroline S. , Filho Álvaro Steckert , Jeremias Isabela C. , Bez Gisele D. , Streck Emilio
Published: May 2012

Background

Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the central nervous system characterised by strong inflammatory response. The brain is highly dependent on ATP, and the cell energy is obtained through oxidative phosphorylation, a process which requires the action of various respiratory enzyme complexes and creatine kinase (CK) as an effective buffering system of cellular ATP levels in tissues that consume high energy.

Objectives

Evaluate the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, IV and CK activity in hippocampus and cortex of the Wistar rat submitted to meningitis byKlebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods

Adult Wistar rats received either 10 µl of sterile saline as a placebo or an equivalent volume ofK. pneumoniaesuspension. The animals were killed in different times at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after meningitis induction. Another group was treated with antibiotic, starting at 16 h and continuing daily until their decapitation at 24 and 48 h after induction.

Results

In the hippocampus, the meningitis group without antibiotic treatment, the complex I was increased at 24 and 48 h, complex II was increased at 48 h, complex III was inhibited at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h and in complex IV all groups with or without antibiotic treatment were inhibited after meningitis induction, in the cortex there was no alteration.

Discussion

Although descriptive, our results show that antibiotic prevented in part the changes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The meningitis model could be a good research tool to study the biological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of theK. pneumoniaemeningitis.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in pemphigus: experience of the German Registry of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Kasperkiewicz Michael , Eming Rüdiger , Behzad Melika , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Meurer Michael , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , von Wussow Peter , Hertl Michael , Zillikens Detlef , Freivogel Klaus , Dörner Thomas , Schmidt Enno
Published: May 2012

Background: Rituximab has been reported to be effective in various small case series of patients with severe and/or refractory pemphigus. However, no systematic evaluation is available to corroborate this observation. The aim of this study was to systematically determine efficacy and safety of rituximab in treatment‐resistant pemphigus.

Patients and Methods: Multicenter retrospective, observational study of 36 patients with severe pemphigus vulgaris (n = 33) and pemphigus foliaceus (n = 3) treated with rituximab before August 31st, 2008 and enrolled in a national observational registery between December 2008 and June 2009.

Results: Within a mean period of observation of 11 (1–37) months, 21 (58 %) pemphigus patients showed complete, 13 (36 %) partial, and 2 (6 %) no response to rituximab treatment. This correlates with a mean improvement of the visual analog scale for well‐being of 34 (20–60) at baseline to 75 (40–95) at the last control visit. In 4 (11 %) patients, severe adverse events were recorded including 1 (3 %) serious infection.

Conclusions: Data collected in this systematic registry indicate that rituximab is an effective and relatively safe adjuvant treatment option for refractory pemphigus. To further extend our knowledge on efficacy and safety of this drug, controlled prospective trials are required.
Impact of Platform Switching on Peri‐Implant Bone Remodeling around Short Implants in the Posterior Region, 1‐Year Results from a Split‐Mouth Clinical Trial
Authors: Telleman Gerdien , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J.A.
Published: May 2012

Aim: To assess the effect of platform switching on peri‐implant bone remodeling around short implants (8.5 mm) placed in the resorbed posterior mandibular and maxillary region of partially edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with one or more missing teeth at both sides in the posterior region were, according to a split‐mouth design, randomly assigned to be treated with a platform‐matched (control) implant on the one side and a platform‐switched implant (test) on the other side. A total of 62 short implants (8.5 mm) with a dual‐acid etched surface with nanometer‐sized calcium phosphate particles was placed. Follow‐up visits were conducted one month and one year after placing the implant crown. Outcome measures were interproximal bone level changes, implant survival and clinical parameters.

Results: One year after loading, peri‐implant bone remodeling around test implants (0.53 ± 0.54 mm) was significant less than around control implants (0.85 ± 0.65 mm; p = .003). With regard to implant survival and clinical parameters no significant differences were observed between test and control implants.

Conclusions: This study suggested that peri‐implant bone remodeling is affected by platform switching. One year after loading, interproximal bone levels were better maintained at implants restored according to the platform switching concept.
Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Concept for Consideration
Authors: Aghakhani Arezoo , Banifazl Mohammad , Velayati Ali Akbar , Eslamifar Ali , Ramezani Amitis
Published: May 2012

Hemodialysis patients potentially have an increased risk of infection with parenterally transmitted viral agents due to an impaired host immune response and multiple transfusion requirements. Viral hepatitis is considered as a problem for hemodialysis patients because 1.9% of all deaths among this population are related to the consequence of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important causes of transmitted infections by the parenteral route in hemodialysis patients. Occult HBV infection is characterized by presence of HBV infection without detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which harbors potential risk of HBV transmission through hemodialysis. There are conflicting reports on the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in hemodialysis patients. Considering the importance of occult HBV infection in hemodialysis patients and the growing evidence on this subject, the purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information on OBI prevalence in hemodialysis patients and highlight the most important points in this issue.
The effect of acupuncture on ovulatory frequency and pituitary gonadotropin hormones in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Li D , Pastore LM
Published: May 2012

Pastore LM, Williams CD, Jenkins J, Patrie JT.

True and sham acupuncture produced similar frequency of ovulation and improved LH to FSH ratios in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Endocr Res 2011; 96: 3143–50.
No effect of acupuncture for depression – time to perform a large head‐to‐head trial?
Authors: Stener‐Victorin E
Published: May 2012

Andreescu C, Glick RM, Emeremni CA, Houck PR Mulsant BH.

Acupuncture for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72: 1129–35.
Aromatherapy for labour pain: evidence in waiting
Authors: Huntley A
Published: May 2012

Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA.

Aromatherapy for pain management in labour.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 7: CD009215.
Impact of a herbal mixture on sinonasal olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Chrubasik S , Reden J , Hummel T
Published: May 2012

Reden J, El‐Hifnawi DJ, Zahnert T, Hummel T.

The effect of a herbal combination of primrose, gentian root, vervain, elder flowers, and sorrel on olfactory function in patients with a sinonasal olfactory dysfunction.

Rhinology 2011; 49: 342–6.
A Chinese formula for relief of Parkinson's disease symptoms used concomitantly with levodopa
Authors: Roufogalis BD , Min L
Published: May 2012

Kum WF, Durairajan SS, Bian ZX, Man SC, Lam YC, Xie LX, Lu JH, Wang Y, Huang XZ, Li M.

Treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease with traditional Chinese herbal medicine: a randomized placebo‐controlled pilot clinical study.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011: 724353.
Homeopathic ear drops: an effective adjunctive therapy or a simple placebo?
Authors: Gilbey A , Taylor JA , Jacobs J
Published: May 2012

Taylor JA, Jacobs J.

Homeopathic ear drops as an adjunct to standard therapy in children with acute otitis media.

Homeopathy 2011; 100: 109–115.
Why do pulmonary functions of children with asthma appear to improve following massage therapy?
Authors: Gilbey A , Fattah MA
Published: May 2012

Fattah MA, Hamdy B.

Pulmonary functions of children with asthma improve following massage therapy.

J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17: 1065–8.
Preoperative oral supplements in colorectal cancer
Authors: Bedah A Al
Published: May 2012

Burden SR, Hill J, Shaffer JL, Campbell M, Todd C.

An unblinded randomised controlled trial in preoperative oral supplements in colorectal cancer patients.

J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 24: 441–8.
The structure of executive functions in children: A closer examination of inhibition, shifting, and updating
Authors: van der Ven Sanne H. G. , Kroesbergen Evelyn H. , Boom Jan , Leseman Paul P. M.
Published: May 2012

An increasing number of studies has investigated the latent factor structure of executive functions. Some studies found a three‐factor structure of inhibition, shifting, and updating, but others could not replicate this finding. We assumed that the task choices and scoring methods might be responsible for these contradictory findings. Therefore, we selected tasks in which input modality was varied, controlled for baseline speed, and used both speed and accuracy scores, in order to investigate whether a three factor model with inhibition, shifting, and updating could still be replicated. In a group of 211 children, who were tested at the beginning of grade 1, at approximately 6 years of age, and again after 18 months, the best fitting model was not the three‐factor model, but instead consisted of an updating factor and a combined inhibition and shifting factor, besides two baseline speed factors (verbal and motor). We argue that these results might indicate that the structural organization of executive functions might be different in children than in adults, but that there might also be an alternative explanation: the distinction in executive functions might not accurately represent cognitive structures but instead be a methodological artefact.
Thermo-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis/Computational Fluid Dynamics Coupling of an Interstage Seal Cavity Using Torsional Spring Analogy
Authors: Amirante Dario , Hills Nicholas J. , Barnes Christopher J.
Published: May 2012

The optimization of heat transfer between fluid and metal plays a crucial role in gas turbine design. An accurate prediction of temperature for each metal component can help to minimize the coolant flow requirement, with a direct reduction of the corresponding loss in the thermodynamic cycle. Traditionally, in industry fluid and solid simulations are conducted separately. The prediction of metal stresses and temperatures, generally based on finite element analysis, requires the definition of a thermal model whose reliability is largely dependent on the validity of the boundary conditions prescribed on the solid surface. These boundary conditions are obtained from empirical correlations expressing local conditions as a function of working parameters of the entire system, with validation being supplied by engine testing. However, recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of employing coupling techniques, whereby computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to predict the heat flux from the air to the metal, and this is coupled to the thermal analysis predicting metal temperatures. This paper describes an extension of this coupling process, accounting for the thermo-mechanical distortion of the metal through the engine cycle. Two distinct codes, a finite element analysis (FEA) solver for thermo-mechanical analysis and a finite volume solver for CFD, are iteratively coupled to produce temperatures and deformations of the solid part through an engine cycle. At each time step, the CFD mesh is automatically adapted to the FEA prediction of the metal position using efficient spring analogy methods, ensuring the continuity of the coupled process. As an example of this methodology, the cavity flow in a turbine stator well is investigated. In this test case, there is a strong link between the thermo-mechanical distortion, governing the labyrinth seal clearance, and the amount of flow through the stator well, which determines the resulting heat transfer in the stator well. This feedback loop can only be resolved by including the thermo-mechanical distortion within the coupling process.
Redesign of High-Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoils for Low Speed Testing
Authors: Marconcini Michele , Rubechini Filippo , Pacciani Roberto , Arnone Andrea , Bertini Francesco
Published: May 2012

Low pressure turbine airfoils of the present generation usually operate at subsonic conditions, with exit Mach numbers of about 0.6. To reduce the costs of experimental programs it can be convenient to carry out measurements in low speed tunnels in order to determine the cascades performance. Generally speaking, low speed tests are usually carried out on airfoils with modified shape, in order to compensate for the effects of compressibility. A scaling procedure for high-lift, low pressure turbine airfoils to be studied in low speed conditions is presented and discussed. The proposed procedure is based on the matching of a prescribed blade load distribution between the low speed airfoil and the actual one. Such a requirement is fulfilled via an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology and a detailed parameterization of the airfoil. A RANS solver is used to guide the redesign process. The comparison between high and low speed profiles is carried out, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, by using a novel three-equation, transition-sensitive, turbulence model. Such a model is based on the coupling of an additional transport equation for the so-called laminar kinetic energy (LKE) with the Wilcox k-ω model and it has proven to be effective for transitional, separated-flow configurations of high-lift cascade flows.
Three-Dimensional Geometry of the Human Carotid Artery
Authors: Kamenskiy Alexey V. , MacTaggart Jason N. , Pipinos Iraklis I. , Bikhchandani Jai , Dzenis Yuris A.
Published: May 2012

Accurate characterization of carotid artery geometry is vital to our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Three-dimensional computer reconstructions based on medical imaging are now ubiquitous; however, mean carotid artery geometry has not yet been comprehensively characterized. The goal of this work was to build and study such geometry based on data from 16 male patients with severe carotid artery disease. Results of computerized tomography angiography were used to analyze the cross-sectional images implementing a semiautomated segmentation algorithm. Extracted data were used to reconstruct the mean three-dimensional geometry and to determine average values and variability of bifurcation and planarity angles, diameters and cross-sectional areas. Contrary to simplified carotid geometry typically depicted and used, our mean artery was tortuous exhibiting nonplanarity and complex curvature and torsion variations. The bifurcation angle was 36 deg ± 11 deg if measured using arterial centerlines and 15 deg ± 14 deg if measured between the walls of the carotid bifurcation branches. The average planarity angle was 11 deg ± 10 deg. Both bifurcation and planarity angles were substantially smaller than values reported in most studies. Cross sections were elliptical, with an average ratio of semimajor to semiminor axes of 1.2. The cross-sectional area increased twofold in the bulb compared to the proximal common, but then decreased 1.5-fold for the combined area of distal internal and external carotid artery. Inter-patient variability was substantial, especially in the bulb region; however, some common geometrical features were observed in most patients. Obtained quantitative data on the mean carotid artery geometry and its variability among patients with severe carotid artery disease can be used by biomedical engineers and biomechanics vascular modelers in their studies of carotid pathophysiology, and by endovascular device and materials manufacturers interested in the mean geometrical features of the artery to target the broad patient population.
Proximal Versus Distal Control of Two-Joint Planar Reaching Movements in the Presence of Neuromuscular Noise
Authors: Nguyen Hung P. , Dingwell Jonathan B.
Published: May 2012

Determining how the human nervous system contends with neuro-motor noise is vital to understanding how humans achieve accurate goal-directed movements. Experimentally, people learning skilled tasks tend to reduce variability in distal joint movements more than in proximal joint movements. This suggests that they might be imposing greater control over distal joints than proximal joints. However, the reasons for this remain unclear, largely because it is not experimentally possible to directly manipulate either the noise or the control at each joint independently. Therefore, this study used a 2 degree-of-freedom torque driven arm model to determine how different combinations of noise and/or control independently applied at each joint affected the reaching accuracy and the total work required to make the movement. Signal-dependent noise was simultaneously and independently added to the shoulder and elbow torques to induce endpoint errors during planar reaching. Feedback control was then applied, independently and jointly, at each joint to reduce endpoint error due to the added neuromuscular noise. Movement direction and the inertia distribution along the arm were varied to quantify how these biomechanical variations affected the system performance. Endpoint error and total net work were computed as dependent measures. When each joint was independently subjected to noise in the absence of control, endpoint errors were more sensitive to distal (elbow) noise than to proximal (shoulder) noise for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. The effects of distal noise on endpoint errors were more pronounced when inertia was distributed more toward the forearm. In contrast, the total net work decreased as mass was shifted to the upper arm for reaching movements in all directions. When noise was present at both joints and joint control was implemented, controlling the distal joint alone reduced endpoint errors more than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching direction and inertia ratio. Applying control only at the distal joint was more effective at reducing endpoint errors when more of the mass was more proximally distributed. Likewise, controlling the distal joint alone required less total net work than controlling the proximal joint alone for nearly all combinations of reaching distance and inertia ratio. It is more efficient to reduce endpoint error and energetic cost by selectively applying control to reduce variability in the distal joint than the proximal joint. The reasons for this arise from the biomechanical configuration of the arm itself.
Optimization of Shunt Placement for the Norwood Surgery Using Multi-Domain Modeling
Authors: Esmaily Moghadam Mahdi , Migliavacca Francesco , Vignon-Clementel Irene E. , Hsia Tain-Yen , Marsden Alison L. ,   Modeling of Congenital Hearts Alliance (MOCHA) Investigators
Published: May 2012

An idealized systemic-to-pulmonary shunt anatomy is parameterized and coupled to a closed loop, lumped parameter network (LPN) in a multidomain model of the Norwood surgical anatomy. The LPN approach is essential for obtaining information on global changes in cardiac output and oxygen delivery resulting from changes in local geometry and physiology. The LPN is fully coupled to a custom 3D finite element solver using a semi-implicit approach to model the heart and downstream circulation. This closed loop multidomain model is then integrated with a fully automated derivative-free optimization algorithm to obtain optimal shunt geometries with variable parameters of shunt diameter, anastomosis location, and angles. Three objective functions: (1) systemic; (2) coronary; and (3) combined systemic and coronary oxygen deliveries are maximized. Results show that a smaller shunt diameter with a distal shunt-brachiocephalic anastomosis is optimal for systemic oxygen delivery, whereas a more proximal anastomosis is optimal for coronary oxygen delivery and a shunt between these two anatomies is optimal for both systemic and coronary oxygen deliveries. Results are used to quantify the origin of blood flow going through the shunt and its relationship with shunt geometry. Results show that coronary artery flow is directly related to shunt position.
Junction temperature and optoelectronic properties of GaN-based light-emitting diodes with through-hole prepared by laser drill
Authors: Wang Wan-Wei , Chen Lung-Chien
Published: May 2012

This study demonstrates the feasibility of a large-area (1 mm × 1 mm) GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) with a through-hole prepared using a laser drill and a back side Au thermally conductive layer. At 350 mA, the light output powers for GaN LEDs with and without (control sample) the through-hole were 45.2 and 39 mW, respectively. The improved light output power of the LED with the through-hole is caused by a thermal conduction effect. The junction temperature of GaN-based LEDs with the through-hole increased slightly from 19 to 29 °C as the injection current increased from 20 to 400 mA.