bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Verifiable Multi-Secret Sharing Scheme for Hierarchical Access Structure
Authors: Alam Irfan , Alali Amal S. , Ali Shakir , ASRI Muhammad S. M.
Published: May 2024

Sharing confidential information is a critical concern in today’s world. Secret sharing schemes facilitate the sharing of secrets in a way that ensures only authorized participants (shareholders) can access the secret using their allocated shares. Hierarchical secret sharing schemes (HSSSs) build upon Shamir’s scheme by organizing participants into different levels based on priority. Within HSSS, participants at each level can reconstruct the secret if a specified number, denoted as the threshold value (t), or more of them are present. Each level has a predetermined threshold value. If the number of participants falls below the threshold at any level, higher-level participants must be involved in reconstructing the secret at lower levels. Our paper proposes schemes that implement hierarchical access structures and enable the sharing of multiple secrets. Additionally, our proposed scheme includes share verification. We have analyzed potential attacks and demonstrated the scheme’s resistance against them. Through security analysis and comparison with existing schemes, we highlight the novelty and superiority of our proposed approach, contributing to advancements in secure information sharing practices.
TaqMan qPCR Detection and Quantification of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Soil and Plant Tissues for Walnut Disease Management
Authors: Haegi Anita , Luongo Laura , Vitale Salvatore , Tizzani Lorenza , Belisario Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Phytophthora cinnamomi is a devastating soil-borne plant pathogen. The primary source of P. cinnamomi infection is the soil, where the pathogen can persist for long periods. Effective prevention and management of this pathogen in tree crops require an early and reliable detection method. In this study, we develop a simple, fast, reliable, and sensitive method based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for P. cinnamomi detection and quantification directly in plant or soil samples. Primers were developed targeting the nuclear single-copy ras-related protein gene Ypt1, suitable for Phytophthora-specific PCR. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing it against genomic DNA from 50 isolates across 8 different Phytophthora clades, including very similar P. parvispora. The efficiency and reliability of the qPCR protocol were evaluated on challenging environmental samples, such as plant tissue of different host trees (walnut, chestnut, oak) and naturally infected soils in walnut orchards. The main outcome was the development of a qPCR method for the specific identification and quantification of P. cinnamomi in natural soil samples. Additionally, this study established a systematic and repeatable soil sampling method and developed an efficient soil DNA extraction technique to apply the developed qPCR in naturally infested soils of walnut orchards.
A Review of State of the Art for Accelerated Testing in Fluid Power Pitch Systems
Authors: Ruz Diego Manuel Chamorro , Pedersen Henrik C. , Liniger Jesper , Bhola Mohit , Wrat Gyan
Published: May 2024

Failures in hydraulic systems in offshore wind turbines represent an enormous challenge for manufacturers and operators, as the pitch system statistically is one of the subsystems contributing the most to the downtime of the turbines, which is the case for both electrical and hydraulic pitch systems. However, the complex failure mechanisms of the various different hydraulic components mean that, typically, the critical components of hydraulic systems must be tested to better understand the failure mechanisms. Nonetheless, conventional testing procedures are lengthy and costly. Accelerated testing plays a critical role as it can mimic hydraulic system failure mechanisms in a shorter period. However, the lack of standardized test methods and detailed knowledge about the failure-accelerating effects complicates the process. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive examination of approaches applicable to conducting accelerated tests on hydraulic systems. It identifies and discusses five primary component types or sub-components related to the acceleration of testing in hydraulic systems being: pumps, cylinders, seals, valves, and hoses. Each section references studies that delve into accelerated testing methodologies for these individual components. Furthermore, within each component, a concise overview of the current techniques is provided, followed by a discussion and summary based on the state of the art.
Vocal Communication between Cobots and Humans to Enhance Productivity and Safety: Review and Discussion
Authors: Cohen Yuval , Rozenes Shai , Faccio Maurizio
Published: May 2024

This paper explores strategies for fostering efficient vocal communication and collaboration between human workers and collaborative robots (cobots) in assembly processes. Vocal communication enables division of attention of the worker, as it frees the visual attention, and the worker’s hands, dedicated to the task at hand. Speech generation and speech recognition are pre-requisites for effective vocal communication. The study focuses on cobot assistive tasks, where the human is in charge of the work and performs the main tasks while the cobot assists the worker in various peripheral jobs, such as bringing tools, parts, or materials, and returning them, or disposing them; or screwing or packaging the products. A nuanced understanding is necessary for understanding how human-robot interactions can be optimized to enhance overall productivity and safety. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and empirical studies, this manuscript identifies key factors influencing successful vocal communication, and proposes practical strategies for implementation.
Optimal Piecewise Polynomial Approximation for Minimum Computing Cost by Using Constrained Least Squares
Authors: Song Jieun , Lee Bumjoo
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the optimal approximation algorithm is proposed to simplify non-linear functions and/or discrete data as piecewise polynomials by using the constrained least squares. In time-sensitive applications or in embedded systems with limited resources, the runtime of the approximate function is as crucial as its accuracy. The proposed algorithm search to find the Optimal Piecewise Polynomial (OPP) with minimum computational cost while ensuring the error below a specified threshold. This was accomplished by using smooth piecewise polynomials with optimal order and number of intervals. The computational cost only depends on polynomial complexity, i.e., the order and the number of intervals at runtime function call. For optimal approximation, computational costs for all the possible combinations of piecewise polynomials were calculated and tabulated as ascending order for the specific target CPU off-line. Each combination was optimized through constrained least squares and random selection method for given sample points. Afterward, whether the approximation error is below the predetermined value is examined. When the error is permissible, the combination is selected as the optimal approximation or the next combination was examined. To verify the performance, several representative functions were examined and analyzed.
FRET Probes as a Technique for Determining the Catalytic Activity of Enzymes in the Model Biomembranes Systems and Further in the Living Cells
Authors: Zlotnikov Igor Dmitrievich , Ezhov Alexander A. , Kudryashova Elena V.
Published: May 2024

There are several well-known methods for determining enzyme catalytic activity, including spectral techniques and electrochemical approaches. However, at present, there is no definitive solution to the challenges associated with the fluorescent approach in, for instance, systems of reverse micelles, non-aqueous media, and model biomembranes. We propose the use of the fluorescent resonant energy transfer (FRET) technique, which can enhance the selectivity of fluorescent detection of enzyme activity by shifting the maximum emission wavelength to the longer-wavelength range and reducion the influence of medium components. As fluorescence donors, we have used derivatives of 4-methylumbelliferone (MUmb) and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), which also serve as substrates for hydrolases such as chymotrypsin, phosphatase, and asparaginase. During the catalytic depletion of substrates, an accumulation of a highly fluorescent product is observed. This product can be specifically detected using the fluorescent marker rhodamine 6G (R6G), which emits light in the red region of the spectrum (550–600 nm) with high quantum yield. A significant FRET effect is observed when forming AOT reverse micelles. This is due to the proximity of fluorophores within the hydrophobic core of the micelle, which is shorter than in a buffer solution. This approach have practical implications for visualizing intracellular processes. The FRET technique can be used to determine intracellular enzymatic activity by detection with confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM), as demonstrated with L-asparaginase, a clinically important anti-leukemia medication. The approach suggested will allow researchers to study enzyme activity within cells. This has the potential to revolutionize medicine by improving drug development and shedding light on previously unknown aspects of cellular metabolism.
Comparison of “Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine + Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine + Dexamethasone” Applications As Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plain Block Approach in Relieving Pain After Cesarean Section: Is Body Mass Index Effective Factor?
Authors: Urfali Senem , Hakimoglu Sedat , Turhanoglu Selim , Koyuncu Onur
Published: May 2024

Background: The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has gained increasing importance as a very effective pain relief in for caesarean section. This study aimed to compare bupivacaine (Group B), bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine (Group BD) and bupivacaine with dexamethasone (Group BDx) applied in ultrasound-guided TAP block in the treatment of CS postoperative pain.
Material and Method: American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II pregnant women who underwent cesarean section were included in the study. Forty patients were admitted in each group. All patients were applied TAP block with ultrasound guidance by administering the medications of the group in which they were included.
Results: Body mass index (BMI) and operation duration were higher in Group B (p*=0.01 and 0.004, respectively). Instant tramadol requirement and amount were higher in Group B at some of follow up times. Patient satisfaction scale were better in Group BD and Group BDx.
Conclusion: TAP block significantly reduces pain after cesarean section, prolongs the time to first analgesic request, and reduces the need for additional opioid analgesics. The addition of adjuvant to the TAP block usually improves the postoperative clinical condition. However, some special conditions such as body mass index (BMI) may negatively affect the clinical situation. Comprehensive, standardized, randomized controlled studies are needed to compare results under different conditions.
Panel Discussion in WBF 2023: New Collaboration for Building a Resilient Society
Authors: Uchida Noriko , Seto Shuji , Suppasri Anawat , Ono Takahiro , Kobayashi Makoto , Yasuda Mari , Iitoyo Fumika , Itabashi Keiko , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: May 2024

Building a resilient society is key to preparing for disasters beyond the planned scale. To achieve this, it is necessary to create a clear common understanding of what “resilient” disaster management means and to consider concrete methods to accelerate its social implementation. However, few opportunities have occurred to have these discussions with diverse stakeholders. Therefore, a panel discussion was held to consider the type of cooperation required to build a resilient society. Each speaker provided information from various perspectives, including emergency information, disaster prevention education, and scientific knowledge on the mechanism of tsunamis, and their impact on ecosystems. Based on the above, the panel discussion confirmed the need for various elements such as infrastructure, information, rules, and social structure. In particular, it is necessary to develop consistency with existing safety standards for disaster prevention using ecosystems. It was suggested that, in addition to the practice of education, cooperation with the media, which keeps up-to-date information on a long-term basis, is indispensable for raising awareness of disaster prevention. This panel discussion emphasized that disaster reduction is a difficult field for companies to enter and commercialize, however, it was emphasized that it is indispensable worldwide.
TENSIÓN ENTRE LA LIBERTAD RELIGIOSA Y LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO ELECTORAL
Authors: Hagelsieb Dórame Luis Alonso
Published: May 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda la problemática existente entre la libertad religiosa y la libertad de expresión, desde el contexto jurídico Mexicano y fundamentos internacionales. Bajo esta premisa, se analizará de primer momento el derecho fundamental de la libertad religiosa, sus alcances y limitantes, de la misma manera, será abordado el derecho a la libertad de expresión; para instaurar una interrelación y el conflicto existente entre estas libertades. Se analizará, además, actos cometidos por ministros religiosos y por candidato a elección popular, que dará pie a la discusión, en relación con la problemática ¿puede limitarse la liberta de expresión, en razón de la religión?
APLICACIÓN JUDICIAL EN MÉXICO DE LOS ESTÁNDARES INTERNACIONALES EN DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: López Libreros José Manuel
Published: May 2024

El bloque de derechos que supone el respeto a los derechos humanos implica la positivización de normas, el reconocimiento de derechos, así como una interpretación adecuada por parte de los poderes estatales. En México, el respeto, protección, garantía y promoción de los derechos humanos parte de un mandato legal, sustentado en la Constitución y el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, que junto con los principios de progresividad, pro persona y subsidiariedad, suponen un escenario de interacción de fuentes de diverso origen que deben ser aplicadas por los jueces al momento de resolver. En la presente investigación, se parte de la idea que la labor judicial es crucial para conducir la interacción de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, para, a través del reconocimiento y aplicación de los estándares, facilitar el reconocimiento y perfeccionamiento de los derechos. Como objetivo central, se analizaron casos emblemáticos de la 9ª a 11ª Épocas judiciales, por lo que se refiere a la aplicación de fuentes internacionales en la resolución de casos, y así, abstraer de manera deductiva, los principios y métodos utilizados para la resolución de casos a través de la aplicación de estándares internacionales. Como resultados, a) se identificaron parámetros de aplicación al reconocimiento y caracterización de derechos humanos, b) se identificó la conformación del bloque de derechos con la intervención subsidiaria del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos a través de la resolución de casos concretos. De lo anterior, se dejó patente la relevancia adquirida por el Poder Judicial Federal en la interpretación progresiva del reconocimiento de los derechos humanos.
TASA DEL IEPS APLICABLE AL PAGO EXTEMPORÁNEO DE PEDIMENTOS CONSOLIDADOS DE HIDROCARBUROS
Authors: Puga Méndez Jorge Luis
Published: May 2024

Aquí se pretende profundizar una investigación basada en fundamentos legales que defina de una manera lógica y jurídica cuál es la tasa semanal aplicable del Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios en el pago extemporáneo de pedimentos consolidados, ya que, en la práctica se han observado conductas irregulares gracias a las facilidades que los validadores del Sistema Aduanero Mexicano permiten día a día en la operación aduanera. La conducta consiste en que cuando por motivos de vigencia de permisos, caducidad de estos o estas cantidades agotadas en estos —por problemas ajenos a la agencia aduanal—, no se puede pagar el pedimento consolidado encargado de transmitir la información sobre la importación de combustibles como la gasolina de cualquier octanaje y el diésel se da posibilidad de elegir la tasa semanal del mencionado impuesto en un plazo de cinco semanas contabilizando como inicio la firma de validación del “previo”. Así se omite la declaración de cantidades estratosféricas de impuestos en moneda nacional a cambio de realizar el pago de la multa por presentación extemporánea equivalente a no más de cinco mil pesos mexicanos. Por lo anterior, se optó por realizar pruebas de validación basadas en cantidades de litros reales para determinar la magnitud de las posibles omisiones de contribuciones a favor del fisco.
DESARROLLO SOCIAL PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA Y ECONOMÍA EN LA SIERRA DE GUERRERO ANTE UN ESTADO CAPTURADO
Authors: Torres Oregón Fredyd , Estrada Rodríguez José Luis
Published: May 2024

La presencia de grupos delictivos armados en la sierra de Coyuca de Catalán, Gro., data de más de 10 años, lo cual ha significado un proceso de involución social y productiva de los productores de mezcal en este territorio. La presente investigación analiza el proceso disruptivo que dichos grupos delictivos infringieron a cientos de familias productoras de mezcal del Ejido de Zihuaquio, municipio de Coyuca de Catalán. La metodología empleada se apoya en la autoetnografía y fuentes de información bibliográfica y hemerográfica. Los resultados indican la ausencia de mecanismos institucionales eficientes que garanticen el derecho de personas desplazadas internamente por la violencia a una vida digna, segura y en paz. Se concluye que las ausencia o fallas del Estado de derecho en territorios controlados por grupos armados delictivos conduce a procesos de involución social y productiva de sectores campesinos y productores que construyeron a lo largo del tiempo un perfil socioeconómico importante.
Valor de importancia del arbolado y percepción social como fundamentos de educación ambiental en un parque urbano
Authors: Buendia-Oliva Mariana , Ramos Palacios Carlos Renato
Published: May 2024

Ante la necesidad de aumentar la calidad ambiental y los servicios ecosistémicos del sistema urbano, dos aspectos clave son la cobertura vegetal y la dimensión social en torno a las áreas verdes, independientemente de su tamaño y densidad poblacional. El presente trabajo analiza el valor de importancia en la composición arbórea y la percepción social in situ sobre el parque urbano Juan H. Sánchez, mejor conocido como parque de Morales en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México. La metodología consistió en el estudio del estrato arbóreo del parque para identificar las especies dominantes del lugar, y la aplicación de encuestas a los usuarios para conocer su percepción con respecto a los usos del parque. Los resultados mostraron que el parque se compone mayormente de especies introducidas, siendo la dominante el eucalipto (Eucalyptus camaldulnesis) y en segundo lugar el fresno (Fraxinus uhdei) como árbol nativo. Con respecto a la percepción social, los aspectos de infraestructura, seguridad y áreas de reunión social son condiciones de mejora que pueden impactar en el agrado por el parque. Para integrar ambas dimensiones, la recomposición de especies arbóreas y el mejoramiento de los espacios para actividades sociales, se propone un enfoque de concientización y educación ambiental, basado en la participación ciudadana y la cercanía con las áreas verdes.
PENGEMBANGAN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT PENGGUNAAN POLISHER MACHINE BERBASIS JOTFORM DI SMK PERHOTELAN
Authors: Zahwa Anna Susilowati
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini didasari oleh penggunaan alat penilaian yang masih secara manual (paper based) dan alat penilaian yang digunakan belum sesuai dengan SOP hotel sehingga penggunaannya masih belum efektif. Maka diperlukannya pengembangan performance assessment penggunaan polisher machine berbasis jotform di SMK Perhotelan. Hal ini sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini dalam bidang pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengembangkan performance assessment penggunaan polisher machine berbasis jotform di SMK Perhotelan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods dengan model ADDIE dengan tahapan Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penggumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik wawancara, expert judgment, tes kinerja, dan kuesiner usability. Hasil validasi pengembangan performance assessment penggunaan polisher machine berbasis jotform adalah: (1) ahli materi memperoleh presentase sebesar (92,5%) dengan kriteria sangat layak, (2) ahli penilaian memperoleh presentase sebesar (91,4%) dengan kriteria sangat layak. Implementasi penilaian pada peserta didik dalam penggunaan polisher machine dengan menggunakan uji reliabilitas antareter melalui SPSS dengan metode cronbarch alpha memperoleh capaian hasil (0.925) yang dinyatakan mempunyai tingkat realibilitas yang sangat tinggi. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner usability yang diisi oleh dua penilai yang memperoleh hasil presentase sebesar (76%) yang dinyatakan sebagian seluruhnya. Hasil perolhen data menunjukkan bahwa performance assessment penggunaan polisher machine berbasis jotform di SMK Perhotelan dinyatakan layak digunakan.
PENGEMBANGAN AKTIVITAS WISATA EDUKASI BAHARI DI PULAU PARI
Authors: Nur Kholifah  , Yusherly Shintia Angraini  , Rahmat Darmawan
Published: May 2024

Pulau Pari merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Administrasi Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Destinasi tersebut memiliki potensi wisata yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi daya tarik wisata berbasis edukasi. Dari potensi yang ada perlu dikembangkan menjadi aktivitas edukasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi alam dan budaya yang ada di Pulau Pari menjadi produk wisata edukasi bahari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dilakukan analisis kualitatif untuk mengembangkan daya tarik wisata yang ada menjadi aktivitas wisata edukasi bahari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Pari memiliki potensi alam dan budaya yang dapat dijadikan sebagai daya tarik wisata, kemudian daya tarik tersebut dikemas menjadi aktivitas wisata berbasis edukasi bahari. Adapun aktivitas wisata bahari yang dapat dikembangkan berbasis pada alam dan budaya yaitu edukasi budidaya ikan kerapu, bird watching, edukasi green house, transplantasi karang (penanaman karang), penanaman mangrove, edukasi ekonomi kreatif masyarakat Pulau Pari. Pengembangan pariwisata Pulau Pari berbasis pada edukasi bahari melibatkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, peningkatan fasilitas pendukung, dan penerapan regulasi yang ketat guna menciptakan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (community based tourism) yang berkelanjutan (sustainable tourism). Pengembangan wisata edukasi bahari ini memiliki dampak terhadap kelestarian lingkungan, peningkatan daya tarik wisata, meningkatkan minat kunjungan wisatawan serta ekonomi masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Pengembangan. Wisata, Edukasi, Wisata Bahari
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 25.05.2024 г. по 31.05.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: May 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 25.05.2024 г. по 31.05.2024 г.
La vuelta al mundo en un clic
Authors: Fuentes Luque Adrián , Valdés Rodríguez María Cristina
Published: May 2024

Lograr la calidad turística implica contar con productos de calidad y, dado que gran parte del contenido turístico se traduce, es necesario realizar traducciones de calidad para garantizar niveles positivos de satisfacción por parte del turista. La diferenciación de una marca se logra a través de la imagen percibida (Andreu et al., 2000, p. 49). En la formación de la imagen intervienen tres componentes: las creencias y actitudes asociadas con el producto, el nivel de conocimiento sobre el destino turístico y las expectativas sobre el producto (Nobs, 2003). Es en estos últimos dos elementos, precisamente, donde la traducción desempeña un papel crucial. Con relativa frecuencia, no se tienen en consideración las expectativas de los usuarios a la hora de diseñar, crear y traducir el material promocional turístico, lo que suele dar lugar a campañas promocionales poco exitosas (e incluso fallidas) que pueden dañar la imagen del destino y de los productos que este ofrece. Dado que la imagen percibida no es un parámetro estático, todos los participantes en el proceso de desarrollo promocional del destino turístico deberían revisar los productos y servicios turísticos implicados, así como la imagen proyectada, tratando de ajustar los nichos de mercado, los productos y destinos a los turistas reales y potenciales, proceso en el que la traducción de los textos de promoción turística desempeña un papel decisivo. En el presente artículo, examinamos la cuestión de la calidad en la traducción del material de promoción turística (ya sea impreso, en páginas web, aplicaciones y redes sociales), ilustrándola a través del análisis de diversas campañas de promoción turística internacional.
ZÁRATE, Soledad. Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences. London, UCL Press, 2021, 154 pp., 978-1-78735-712-9.
Authors: Tamayo Ana
Published: May 2024

Review of the book: Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences.
SVOBODA, Tomáš; BIEL, Łucja; SOSONI, Vilelmini (eds.). Institutional Translator Training. London & New York, Routledge, 2023, 247 pp., ISBN 978-1-032-12575-6.
Authors: Hoyte-West Antony
Published: May 2024

Review of the book: Institutional Translator Training.
OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF BACK MUSCLE STRENGTHENING EXERCISES IN CHRONIC LOW BACKACHE PATIENTS: A RESEARCH PROTOCOL.
Authors: agrawal vineesha , walke rashmi
Published: May 2024

Background : Pain in lower back is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue that affects a huge number of the population at a particular point during their life1. Low back pain is a prevalent problem among elderly, and linked to functional restrictions and disability2. To enhance their athletic abilities as well as the quality of life as a whole, in order to lessen the burden on families, societies, and countries, effective therapy for LBP has been intensively explored3. Physiotherapists recommend electrotherapy, manual therapy, cognitive behavioral treatment and exercise as therapeutic choices for LBP4. LBP is mostly caused by poor posture and organizational ergonomics5. LBP is often treated with conservative management. Physical exercises are extremely important for the treatment of LBP6. Methodology: This exploratory trial will include 60 people with persistent low back pain. Back Strengthening exercises will be performed by the patients. The Visual Analogue Scale will be used to assess pain, and Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale to assess functional impairment. Discussion: This research is being done to check the effectiveness of lower back muscle strengthening activities in individuals having persistent low back pain.
Droplet-based ISSAAC-seq for multimodal profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in single cells
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Yawen , Hu Yukun , Chen Xi
Published: May 2024

Here, we described a step-by-step protocol for droplet-based in situ SHERRY after ATAC-seq (ISSAAC-seq), a highly sensitive and flexible single cell multi-omics method to interrogate chromatin accessibility and gene expression from the same single nucleus. ISSAAC-seq is based on the combination of the recently developed Sequencing HEteRo RNA-DNA-hYbrid (SHERRY) and previously established scATAC-seq approaches, and compatible with both plate-based formats and droplet microfluidics. Droplet-based ISSAAC-seq utilizes 10x genomics scATAC platform for single cell isolation, which is suitable for high-throughput cell profiling. Generally, it obtains data quality of ~ 10,000 ATAC reads in peaks and 2000-5000 detected genes per cell. Library construction for ISSAAC-seq could be completed in 1-2 days. This protocol is related to the publication “ISSAAC-seq enables sensitive and flexible multimodal profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in single cells” in Nature Methods.
Assessing Social Support's Mediating Effects on Rational Antimicrobial Prescribing: A Structural Equation Modeling Study of Healthcare Professionals' Behavior
Authors: Han Le , Liu Xiao , Chang Yue , Liu Ying , Ma Lijun , Ren Jie , Liu Yunshuang , Wang Xiaosong , Long yujuan , zhou yuan , Ren li , Dong baokun
Published: May 2024

Importance: The study addresses the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on the role of social support in influencing healthcare professionals' antimicrobial prescribing behavior, a key factor in clinical practice and public health. Objective: The primary objective is to examine the mediating effects of social support on the decision-making processes of healthcare professionals regarding antimicrobial drug use, emphasizing the impact on rational prescribing within a healthcare setting. Evidence Review: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, analyzing data from 720 healthcare professionals using Structural Equation Modeling. It reviewed how variables such as self-efficacy, knowledge and skills, and health beliefs, informed by theories like RAT, TPB, and HBM, mediate the influence of social support. Findings: The SEM analysis demonstrated significant mediating effects of social support on prescribing intentions through various psychosocial factors. The results offer quantitative insights into the relationships between social support and critical psychological determinants of prescribing behavior. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings elucidate the nuanced impact of social support on antimicrobial prescribing decisions, providing evidence-based insights for enhancing antimicrobial stewardship. This study informs clinicians and policymakers about the significance of social support in promoting rational antimicrobial use.
Atmospheric Retention on Demagnetized Earth
Authors: Hinton Parker , Brain David , Schnepf Neesha , Jarvinen Riku , Cessna Julianna , Bagenal Fran
Published: May 2024

It is commonly claimed that Earth's intrinsic magnetic field protects its atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. We test this claim by analyzing the stability of Earth's atmosphere in the case that the geomagnetic field is turned off. We use a hybrid particle-in-cell code (RHybrid) to simulate the global plasma interaction of demagnetized Earth with the solar wind. We vary the global ionospheric outflow rate, and quantify the resultant planetary ion escape rates (O+ and H+) and the solar deposition rate (H+). We use these results to compute the net mass flux to the atmosphere and find that the solar ion deposition rate can be comparable to planetary ion escape rates. Our results show that under modern solar wind conditions, the mass of the atmosphere on demagnetized Earth is stable within 3% over a billion years, suggesting that Earth's intrinsic magnetic field is unnecessary for atmospheric retention.
Enhanced Multimodal Recommendation Systems through Reviews Integration
Authors: Fang Hong , Liang Jindong , Sha Leiyuxin
Published: May 2024

Multimodal recommendation systems aim to capture diverse user preferences through data such as text and images, offering more personalized recommendation services. Accurately grasping user preferences can enhance the precision of recommendations and augment the user experience. Existing models often exploit the external attributes of item to capture users' preferences while neglecting their intrinsic attributes, such as ease of cleaning and cost-effectiveness, which are revealed in reviews. These attributes often reveal themselves in overlooked reviews. However, directly incorporating reviews into the representation will bring additional noise. Therefore, we propose the Personalized Multi-Preference Recommender (PMPR) model, which integrates reviews with multimodal data to extract multifaceted user preferences, enhancing the personalization of recommendations. Specifically, we designed a heterogeneous graph learning module based on reviews and a homogeneous graph learning module that combines the review features with multimodal features to capture users' diverse preferences. Considering the varying informational content of reviews, PMPR processes each review individually and utilizes user IDs to generate review attention vectors for aggregating the review features to reduce review noise. Finally, we integrate the Top-K method for recommendation. We compare common review processing methods with PMPR's approach to validate its effectiveness. In comparative analyses across three publicly available datasets, our enhanced model consistently demonstrated superior performance when benchmarked against seven widely recognized models. The results indicate a noteworthy improvement over the current State-of-the-Art (SOTA) model, ranging from 2.76\% to 22.52\% in terms of average performance.
M4Net: Towards Occlusion-Robust and Accurate 3D Dense Face Alignment with 3DMM and Mask Augmentation
Authors: ZHAO XIONG , Sulaiman Sarina , LENG WONG YEE
Published: May 2024

Self-occlusion and External-occlusion significantly impact the accuracy of monocular 3D dense face alignment, some approaches based on 3D Morphable Models(3DMM) make much progress on it, although 3DMM is a simple and effective facialprior provider, but it can’t solve the problem of robustness caused by the lack of facial occlusion datasets. In this work, wepresent M4Net (Multi-scale features, Multi-head outputs, Mask Augmentation and based on 3D Morphable Model), a 3D denseface alignment method based on 3DMM with multi-scale features and a novel mask-based augmentation strategy, withoutincreasing training cost but significantly improving the model’s robustness on occlude situations. Moreover, the representationof pose, shape, and expression from the encoder has been decoupled, so we can transfer the target expression to the sourceimage by simply swapping the shape and/or expression represent vector between the target and the source. The quantitativeevaluation results demonstrate that our approach achieves SOTA results on AFLW2000-3D(68pts) and AFLW(21pts), and thequalitative results on three different datasets indicating our method has good occlusion robustness.
Influence of Bonding Temperature on AA2219/Ti-6Al-4V Solid State Diffusion Bonding Joints- Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Vatnalmath Manjunath , Auradi Virupaxi , Murthy Bharath Vedashantha , Nagaral Madeva
Published: May 2024

An attempt has been made to join AA2219 and Ti-6Al-4V by solid state diffusion bonding (SSDB), as this process ensures no macroscopic deformation during the joining. The quality of SSDB joints formed at the bonding temperature in the range of 500-540°C is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The bonding strength of the joints is evaluated by shear test, and hardness is tested using the Vickers microhardness method. It is observed that the Hardness and shear strength values are increased with an increase in bonding temperature owing to the formation of intermetallic compounds at the joint interface like Al3Ti, Al2Ti and AlTi. Maximum shear strength of 82.48 MPa is observed for the specimen bonded at 540°C.
The psychosocial assessment of candidates for transplantation:a prospective cohort study of its association with mortality among kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Chong Hye Jin , Jang Min Kyeong
Published: May 2024

Background A psychosocial assessment is an important part of the pre-transplant evaluation. Aims To assess the association between scores on the global Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates Transplant tool and survival in deceased donor kidney transplant candidates. Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, the participants were registered candidates on the waiting list for deceased donor kidney transplants at a transplant center in South Korea. Initially, candidates enrolled in this study in 2016 were divided into high- and low-psychosocial risk cohorts using a Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates Transplant score cutoff of 3 points. In 2022, the mortality rate was compared according to whether the initial Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates Transplant score was < 3 or ≥ 3 points. Results This study included 139 deceased donor kidney transplant candidates, of whom 32 (23.0%) received kidney transplantation. An initial Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates Transplant score < 3 was associated with higher mortality 5 years after being placed on the waiting list (hazard ratio = 12.28,p = 0.017). Current alcohol use at baseline was associated with higher mortality 5 years after being placed on the waiting list (hazard ratio = 12.93,p = 0.032). Conclusions Both a high risk of psychosocial candidacy and current alcohol use were associated with significantly reduced survival 5 years after placement on the waiting list for a deceased donor kidney transplant. The psychosocial status of candidates on the waitlist for kidney transplantation should be regularly screened and systematically managed to improve their psychosocial status and reduce alcohol use to make them more suitable candidates for transplant surgery. A psychosocial intervention should be developed for patients on the waiting list to improve their psychosocial status and promote positive health outcomes after kidney transplantation.
Efficacy of Aloe vera toothpaste during active periodontal treatment: A clinical study
Authors: Vajrabhaya La-ongthong , Benjasupattananan Supranee , Sappayatosok Kraisorn , Dechosilpa Vittawin , Korsuwannawong Suwanna , Sirikururat Papatpong
Published: May 2024

Background
While professional dental treatments are mandatory for advance periodontitis, maintaining proper oral hygiene can significantly contribute to preventing disease progression. Some herbal toothpastes and natural plant components may have some beneficial properties. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with active ingredients that show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. A toothpaste containing salt and Aloe vera may have adjunctive influence to non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Aim
This randomized parallel-group comparison study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an Aloe vera toothpaste (test group) compared to a Sodium bicarbonate toothpaste (control group) and a base toothpaste (benchmark group), with respect to outcomes of periodontitis treatment.
Methods
Fifty-four periodontitis patients were arbitrarily allotted into three groups. All subjects received mechanical instrumentation and instruction on oral hygiene using a toothbrush with these toothpastes and dental floss for a whole period of the study. The participants were evaluated at baseline (T0), week 4 (T1), and week 12 (T2) after complete full mouth scaling and root planing. During the visits, plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed and analyzed.
Results
The comparison groups had similar mean PS and BOP at baseline. At T1 and T2, both scores were reduced, however there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups for PS. A significant reduction in BOP score among the groups was observed (p < 0.01) at T1. The PD in all groups were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The CAL reduction was superior in the test group compared to the benchmark and the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean CAL among time points in the both benchmark and control groups.
Conclusions
Aloe vera toothpaste significantly decreased gingival bleeding, probing depth, and clinical attachment level in periodontitis patients during active periodontal treatment.
Causes of Pre and Post-Donation Deferrals among Blood Donors, at Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center, Kwale County, Kenya, 2018-2022.
Authors: Nyamu Gibson Waweru , Shee Matano Ali , Kiende Polly , Muthiani Benson Muithya , Nakazea Rocky Jumapili , Mwasowa Narcis Mwakidedela , Odhiambo Frendrick Odhiambo , King'oo Jacintah Mueni , Wigina Ronald Nyarambe
Published: May 2024

Background: Both pre-donation and post-donation deferrals pose challenges to blood safety and availability. This study delved into the deferral rates before donations and their underlying reasons, also, transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) leading to post-donation deferrals among potential blood donors at the Kwale satellite Blood Transfusion Centre (KSBTC) in Kenya.
Methods: We performed a retrospective electronic record review of both pre and post donations deferrals among blood donors at KSBTC, 2018-2022. The pre-donations deferral rate and reasons for deferral were analyzed. Accepted donations were analyzed to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and both crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: A review was conducted on 12,633 blood donation records. Among these, individuals 2,729/12,633 (21.60%) were deferred from donating with the primary reason being low hemoglobin levels, constituting 51.86% of deferrals.
Around 773/9,904 (7.80%) of blood units, were discarded due to at least one TTI. Among these, HBV accounted for 4.73%, HIV for 2.01%, HCV for 1.21%, and Syphilis for 0.59% of cases. The adjusted odds ratio for male donors were, (aOR =1.3, 95% CI 1.01-1.57), donors with none or primary education level (aOR =1.4 95% CI 1.11-1.68), first timer donors (aOR=1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.44), and static strategy for blood collection (aOR =1.4, 95%CI 1.12-1.63) were independently potentially associated with testing positive for at least one TTI.
Conclusion: The study indicates that TTIs continue to pose a risk to the safety of Kenya's blood stock, with a notable prevalence of HBV infections. Male donors, individuals with limited education, first-time donors, and the utilization of a fixed strategy for blood collection were identified as potential risk factors independently associated with TTIs.
Retrospective analysis of 5-year survivorship of Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: chauhan sanjay singh , solanki ankit , desai mohan , jose ankit
Published: May 2024

Background
The concept of Dual Mobility (DM) Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) has been introduced to improve the range of motion in the post-operative hips. However, literature on the mid-term and long-term outcomes of DM-THA are relatively lacking.
Question / Purpose
What are the mid-term results (minimum 5 years post-operatively) of DM THA surgeries done for various indications?
Patients and Methods
We recruited sixty participants over a period of one year who underwent DM THA surgeries. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Harris’ Hip Score (HHS) and the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). The participant subjective assessment of the post-operative condition was classified into excellent, good, and fair. Adverse events were recorded. The radiological outcomes were evaluated using the Moore’s criteria of osteointegration (MCO). The scores were determined for the various age groups and participant perceptions, and compared using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Results
The mean age of our participants was 65.77 ± 10.13 years. Thirty-six participants reported excellent subjective post-operative outcomes. The mean values for HHS, OHS, and MCO were found to be 87.38 ± 4.41, 37.35 ± 4.60, and 3.10 ± 0.47 respectively. The HHS, OHS, and MCO were significantly better in participants who subjectively reported excellent outcomes (p < 0.001 each). The MCO was also significantly lesser with increasing age (p = 0.020). Two of our study participants experienced persistent thigh pain, while heterotrophic calcification, aseptic loosening of the hip joint prosthesis, and revision THR (at six years post-operatively) were observed in one participant each.
Conclusion
We observed reasonably good clinical and radiological outcomes in our study, with most of the study participants reporting their post-operative condition to be excellent. The HHS, OHS, and MCO correlated with the participant’s subjective perceptions. The overall incidence of complications was found to be low in our study.
Level of evidence
Level II
Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) as Membrane Polymer via Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation Method (NIPS) for Removal of Aqueous Contaminants
Authors: Sjahro Noerhidajat , Yunus Robiah , Abdullah Luqman Chuah , Nainggolan Marihot , Rashid Suraya Abdul , Asis Ahmad Jaril , Mahmoud Syafiie Syam , Habib Saiful Hafiz , Harun Nurhanina
Published: May 2024

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is byproducts from the palm oil processing mills currently discarded on field with less economic value, while it has a potential as precursor for cellulose feedstock as main polymer of membranes as biodegradable, environmentally benign, and renewable material. Due to its poor insolubility in most of available solvents, its utilization as matrix main polymer is limited. In this study, we transformed native and functionalized cellulose derived from OPEFB into membrane via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloroethane (DCE) as the solvent. The fabrication parameters included duration of air exposure ranging for 2,3, and 4 minutes prior to water immersion for 24 hours; and membrane composition, consisting of cellulose as main polymer, TiO2, and PEG. Based on TGA analysis, it suggests that membrane of pure cellulose has the highest decomposition temperature, while FTIR spectra of the synthesized membranes indicate complete evaporation of TFA & DCE during water immersion. The membranes were characterized to have water affinity indicating hydrophilic properties with water contact angle ranging from 16.12oto 26.4o. The membrane maximum water flux rate accounted for 172.6 L.m-2.h-1. Bar-1, while ion removal for Pb2+Cu2+and Cr3+, dye ranged from 87.3% to 98.9%, 83.98 to 99.28%, 93.6% to 99.9%, 94.3% to 99%, respectively. Meanwhile, oil rejection ranged from 98.03% to 99.36%. Thus, it can be concluded that OPEFB derived cellulose as main polymer matrices for membrane have a great potential for wastewater treatment and water purification area.
A new path towards reconstructing real-space geometries of polyatomic molecules undergoing strong field laser-induced Coulomb explosion
Authors: Sanderson Joseph , Ashrafi-Belgabad Aydin , Karimi Reza , Monfared Mohammad , Tian Kaili , Parvin Parviz , Wales Benji , Bisson Éric , Beaulieu Samuel , Giguère Mathieu , Kieffer Jean-Claude , Lassonde Philippe , Légaré François , Ibrahim Heide
Published: May 2024

The connection between the initial structure and final momenta of ionic fragments from the Coulomb explosion of a multiatomic molecule is investigated experimentally and theoretically for OCS. We show for the first time that an approach using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is able to rigorously model the ionization dynamics of a small molecule in the tunneling regime, reproducing the energy release and the Newton plot momentum patterns of an experiment in which OCS is ionized to the 6+ charge state using 7 fs laser pulses of 800 nm. The result suggests a pathway to unprecedented understanding of the behavior of molecules, during strong field multiple ionization and the possibility of precision imaging of real-space molecular geometries, using tabletop lasers.