bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Immune Reconstitution in Patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL Treated with Donor-Derived CD7 CAR-T Therapy
Authors: Chen Wei , Shi Hui , Liu Zhuojun , Yang Fan , Liu Jia , Zhang Leqiang , Wu Yajin , Xia Yuanshi , Ou Yuxuan , Li Ruiting , Zhang Ting , Zhang Jiecheng , Ke Xiaoyan , Hu Kai , Yu Jian
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy has potent antitumor activity against relapsed/refractory (R/R) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL), however, immune reconstitution after CAR-T remains largely unknown.

Patients and Methods:

An open-label phase I clinical trial (ChiCTR2200058969) was initiated to evaluate safety and efficacy of donor-derived CD7 CAR-T cells in 7 R/R T-ALL/LBL patients. CAR-T cells were detected by flow cytometry and PCR. Cytokine levels were quantified by cytometric bead arrays. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to profile immune reconstitution.

Results:

Optimal complete remission (CR) was 100% on day 28, and median followed-up time was 4 months. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were observed in 6 patients, and infections occurred in 5 patients. Two patients died of serious infection and one died of a brain hemorrhage. CAR-T cells expanded efficiently in all patients. CD7+ T cells were eliminated in peripheral blood on day 11 after infusion, and CD7− T cells dramatically expanded in all patients. scRNA-seq suggested that immunologic activities of CD7− T cells were stronger than those of T cells before infusion due to higher expression levels of T-cell function-related pathways, and major characters of such CD7− T cells were activation of autoimmune-related pathways. Monocyte loss was found in 2 patients who died of serious infections, indicating the main cause of the infections after infusion. S100A8 and S100A9 were identified as potential relapse markers due to their notable upregulation in leukocyte lineage in relapsed patients versus non-relapse controls.

Conclusions:

Our data revealed cellular level dynamics of immune homeostasis of CD7 CAR-T therapy, which is valuable for optimizing the treatment of R/R T-ALL/LBL.
Ensuring Global Access to Cancer Medicines: A Generational Call to Action
Authors: Dare Anna J , Bayle Arnauld , Hatoqai Asma , Mungo Chemtai , Velilla Diego Gimenez , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique , Gnangnon Freddy Houéhanou Rodrigue , Lim Melissa Siaw Han , Ralefala Tlotlo , Mushininga Venus Dadirai
Published: February 2023

Essential cancer treatments are not accessible, affordable, or available to patients who need them in many parts of the world. A new Access to Oncology Medicines (ATOM) Coalition, using public–private partnerships, aims to bring essential cancer medicines and diagnostics to patients in low- and lower middle-income countries.
Flexible Video Fetoscopy: Feasibility and Outcomes of a Novel Modality for Laser Therapy in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Presenting with Inaccessible Anterior Placenta
Authors: Cruz-Martínez Rogelio , Gil Pugliese Savino , Villalobos-Gómez Rosa , Martinez-Rodriguez Miguel , Gámez-Varela Alma , López-Briones Hugo , Chávez-González Eréndira , Diaz-Primera Ramiro
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Identification of intertwin anastomosis may be challenging during fetoscopy in cases with complete anterior placenta. The aim of this study was to describe the technique, feasibility, and outcomes of flexible video fetoscopy for laser coagulation in monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) presenting with inaccessible anterior placenta. Methods: From April 2021 to March 2022, a prospective cohort of consecutive MC twin pregnancies complicated with TTTS presenting with anterior placenta after 20 weeks was recruited. Cases with inaccessible anterior placenta during standard technique were converted into flexible video fetoscopy for completion of laser coagulation of placental anastomoses using a 270° flexible video endoscope through the same uterine port. Descriptive analysis includes feasibility, remaining anastomoses requiring laser photocoagulation, and perinatal outcomes. Results: A total of 45 pregnancies with TTTS were treated with fetoscopic laser therapy during the 1-year study period. Twenty-one pregnancies presented with anterior placenta after 20 weeks, in which an inaccessible vascular equator was observed in 33.3% (7/21). Flexible video fetoscopy was successfully performed in all 7 cases at a median gestational age of 22+2 (20+0–27+1) weeks+days. Visualization of the entire placental surface, coagulation of selected vessels, and exploration of the entire vascular equator were achieved in all cases. Six cases (85.7%) required additional laser coagulation due to either vascular patency despite initial coagulation with conventional fetoscopy (1/6, 16.7%) and/or remaining noncoagulated anastomoses (5/6, 83.3%). Perinatal survival of at least one twin and both twins was achieved in 85.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Discussion: Flexible video fetoscopy for completion of laser coagulation of placental anastomoses is feasible and represents a good option for TTTS cases presenting after 20 weeks with inaccessible anterior placenta.
Normal Splanchnic Blood Flow in a Patient with Severe Stenosis of the Celiac Artery and Superior Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Nielsen Henriette Tovgaard , Høyer Christian , Søndergaard Bjarke Klit , Abrahamsen Jan
Published: February 2023

The diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischaemia is typically based on angiographic findings along with a classic symptomatology. Only a few methods are available for functional testing to establish the diagnosis, such as indirect measurement of the splanchnic blood flow and hepatic vein oxygenation. The present case is a 76-year-old woman with weight loss and intermittent abdominal pain who was clinically suspected of chronic mesenteric ischaemia based on severe stenosis of the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery. Measurement of the total splanchnic blood flow and hepatic vein oxygenation, however, showed a normal perfusion after meal stimulation, as well as an increased hepatic vein oxygenation, indicating normal flow reserves. This was likely due to a richly developed Riolan’s anastomosis arising from the inferior mesenteric artery. The present case advocates the need for functional testing when diagnosing chronic mesenteric ischaemia.
COVID-19-Associated Cerebrovascular Events: A Case Series Study and a Literature Review of Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Meshref Mostafa , Hewila Ibrahim M. , Khlidj Yahia , Korissi Rafik , Shaheen Nour , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ouerdane Yassamine , Amro Yara , Taher Khaled M. , Ahmed Mahmoud Galal
Published: February 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects multiple body systems, including the nervous system. Cerebrovascular accidents can also occur. Patients with comorbid illnesses have severe manifestations and poor outcomes. Despite the proper mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated stroke having not yet been settled, various possible mechanisms have been hypothesized. One possibility is that the virus causes endothelial dysfunction and immune-mediated injury. Another possibility is that the trans-neuronal spread of the virus affects brain tissue. In addition, hypercoagulability caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a stroke. A virus-induced dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system could also lead to a stroke. The immune response and vasculitis resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection are also possible causes via a cytokine storm, immune dysfunction, and various inflammatory responses. SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect calcitonin gene-related peptides and cerebral blood flow and may lead to stroke. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 may cause hemorrhagic strokes via mechanisms stimulated by its interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), leading to arterial wall damage and blood pressure changes. In this article, we will present seven cases of stroke-associated SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Double Crown-Retained Removable Prostheses Supported by Implants or Teeth and Implants: A Long-Term Clinical Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregor-Georg , Abuzayeda Moosa , Murray Colin Alexander , Baig Mirza Rustum
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate the survival rates and complications of implant (I)-retained or tooth-implant (TI)-retained prostheses and abutments (teeth, implants) over a mean observation period of 11.26 years. The study also aimed to analyze the differences and complication rates between implant-retained double crown removable dental prostheses (I-DC-RDPs) versus tooth-implant-retained double crown removable dental prostheses (TI-DC-RDPs). Material and Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 110 nonsmokers (mean age = 53.9 years) who received DC-RDPs in maxillary or mandibular arches. 153 teeth and 508 implants were used to restore partially edentulous (PE; TI-DC-RDPs; n = 53) and completely edentulous (CE; TI-DC-RDPs; n = 57) arches. Two designs of the distal extension were used: cantilevers (CANs) and saddles (SADs). Restorations were examined for abutment survival, mechanical, or biological complications. Results: The 10-year survival rates were 99.3% (95% CI: 95.4–99.9%) for teeth and 99.3% (95% CI: 97.5–99.7%) for implants. The cumulative rates of TI- and I-RDPs free of technical complications were 77% and 86%, respectively. The risk of complications was not significantly different between the CAN and SAD subgroups of I-RDPs (p > 0.05). However, for TI-RDPs, technical complication risk was significantly higher in SAD type compared with CAN restorations (p = 0.02). Conclusions: I- and TI-DC-RDPs seem to be recommendable for restoration of CE or PE arches. The technical and biological complication rates were lower for I-DC-RDPs in the CE arches than for TI-DC-RDPs in the PE arches. Regarding the RDP design, CAN prostheses produced significantly fewer technical complications than did SAD prostheses.
Impact of Impella RP Versus Vasoactive Treatment on Right and Left Ventricular Strain in a Porcine Model of Acute Cardiogenic Shock Induced by Right Coronary Artery Embolization
Authors: Frederiksen Peter H. , Josiassen Jakob , Udesen Nanna L. J. , Linde Louise , Helgestad Ole K. , Banke Ann , Jensen Lisette O. , Schmidt Henrik , Hassager Christian , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E.
Published: February 2023

Background

The response of the left ventricle to cardiogenic shock (CS) caused by right ventricular (RV) infarction and the effect of treatment with either vasoactive treatment or Impella RP are not well described. We sought to determine RV and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) by echocardiography after initiation of either Impella RP or vasoactive treatment for CS induced by right coronary artery embolization.

Methods and Results

CS was induced with microsphere embolization in the right coronary artery in 20 pigs. Shock was defined as a reduction in cardiac output of ≥50% and/or an SvO
2
<30%. At the time of CS either Impella RP or vasoactive treatment (norepinephrine and milrinone) was initiated. Echocardiography and conductance measures were obtained at baseline, when CS was present, and 30, 90, and 180 minutes after induction of CS. Of 20 animals, 14 completed the protocol and were treated with either vasoactive treatment (n=7) or Impella RP (n=7); 6 animals died (3 in each group). In the RV there was a significantly higher LS with the vasoactive treatment compared with Impella RP (−7.6% [4.5] to −6.0% [5.2] vs −4.5% [6.6] to –14.2% [10.6];
P
<0.006). Left ventricular LS improved with both treatments compared with shock, but with a larger effect (−9.4% [3.2] to −17.9% [3.6]) on LS with vasoactive treatment than Impella RP (−9.8% [3.1] to −12.3% [4.6];
P
<0.001). We found a significant correlation between stroke work and RV LS (r=−0.60,
P
<0.001) and left ventricular LS (r=−0.62,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

We found significantly higher hemodynamic effects with vasoactive treatment compared with Impella RP in both the RV and left ventricular but at a cost of increased stroke work.
Rehabilitation Therapy Doses Are Low After Stroke and Predicted by Clinical Factors
Authors: Young Brittany M. , Holman E. Alison , Cramer Steven C. , Shah Shreyansh , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Patel Nirav , Lin David J. , Gee Joey , Moon Johnson , Schwertfeger Julie , Jayaraman Arun , Lee Robert , Lansberg Maarten , Payne Jeremy , Patten Carolynn , Cramer Steven C. , Holman E. Alison , Agrawal Kunal , Kissela Brett , DeJong Stacey , Cole John , Silver Brian , Cucchiara Brett , Busza Ania , Liew Sook-Lei , Alderman Susan , Hayes Heather , Majersik Jennifer J. , Worrall Brad , Tirschwell David , Bushnell Cheryl , El Husseini Nada , Lee Jin-Moo , Falcone Guido J.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Greater rehabilitation therapy after stroke is known to improve functional outcomes. This study examined therapy doses during the first year of stroke recovery and identified factors that predict rehabilitation therapy dose.

Methods:

Adults with new radiologically confirmed stroke were enrolled 2 to 10 days after stroke onset at 28 acute care hospitals across the United States. Following an initial assessment during acute hospitalization, the number of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy sessions were determined at visits occurring 3, 6, and 12 months following stroke. Negative binomial regression examined whether clinical and demographic factors were associated with therapy counts. False discovery rate was used to correct for multiple comparisons.

Results:

Of 763 patients enrolled during acute stroke admission, 510 were available for follow-up. Therapy counts were low overall, with most therapy delivered within the first 3 months; 35.0% of patients received no physical therapy; 48.8%, no occupational therapy, and 61.7%, no speech therapy. Discharge destination was significantly related to cumulative therapy; the percentage of patients discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility varied across sites, from 0% to 71%. Most demographic factors did not predict therapy dose, although Hispanic patients received a lower cumulative amount of physical therapy and occupational therapy. Acutely, the severity of clinical factors (grip strength and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, as well as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale subscores for aphasia and neglect) predicted higher subsequent therapy doses. Measures of impairment and function (Fugl-Meyer, modified Rankin Scale, and Stroke Impact Scale Activities of Daily Living) assessed 3 months after stroke also predicted subsequent cumulative therapy doses.

Conclusions:

Rehabilitative therapy doses during the first year poststroke are low in the United States. This is the first US-wide study to demonstrate that behavioral deficits predict therapy dose, with patients having more severe deficits receiving higher doses. Findings suggest directions for identifying groups at risk of receiving disproportionately low rehabilitation doses.
Voxel-Based Immersive Mixed Reality: A Framework for Ad Hoc Immersive Storytelling
Authors: Duncan Stuart , Park Noel , Ott Claudia , Langlotz Tobias , Regenbrecht Holger
Published: February 2023

Volumetric video recordings of storytellers, when experienced in immersive virtual reality, can elicit a sense of copresence between the user and the storyteller. Combining a volumetric storyteller with an appropriate virtual environment presents a compelling experience that can convey the story with a depth that is hard to achieve with traditional forms of media. Volumetric video production remains difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, often excluding cultural groups who would benefit most. The difficulty is partly due to ever-increasing levels of visual detail in computer graphics, and resulting hardware and software requirements. A high level of detail is not a requirement for convincing immersive experiences, and by reducing the level of detail, experiences can be produced and delivered using readily available, nonspecialized equipment. By reducing computational requirements in this way, storytelling scenes can be created ad hoc and experienced immediately—this is what we are addressing with our approach. We present our portable real-time volumetric capture system, and our framework for using it to produce immersive storytelling experiences. The real-time capability of the system, and the low data rates resulting from lower levels of visual detail, allow us to stream volumetric video in real time to enrich experiences with embodiment (seeing oneself) and with copresence (seeing others). Our system has supported collaborative research with Māori partners with the aim of reconnecting the dispersed Māori population in Aotearoa, New Zealand to their ancestral land through immersive storytelling. We present our system in the context of this collaborative work.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions over South Asia on East Asian Spring Climate: Two Possible Dynamical Pathways
Authors: Hao Xinyue , Jiang Yiquan , Yang Xiu-Qun , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Yang , Wang Minghuai , Liang Yuan , Wang Yong
Published: February 2023

Both South Asia and East Asia are the most polluted regions of the world. Unlike East Asia, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over South Asia keeps increasing for all recent years, which calls for more attention. This study investigates the impacts of anthropogenic emissions over South Asia on the downstream regional climate during spring with the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). The model results suggest that South Asian pollutants have significant impacts on East Asian spring climate, and the impacts could be even larger than locally emitted aerosols. Two possible dynamical pathways (i.e., the northern and the southern pathways) bridging South Asian aerosol forcing and East Asian climate are proposed, and both ways are associated with the black carbon (BC)-induced climate feedbacks surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The northern pathway is mainly due to the TP warming induced by the BC snow darkening effect (SDE), which significantly reduces the surface air temperature (SAT) over northern East Asia. BC-induced TP warming increases the meridional thermal gradient and accelerates the midlatitude jet stream, which favors the cold-air advection over northern East Asia. The southern pathway is associated with the BC “elevated heat pump” hypothesis, which mainly affects the precipitation in southern East Asia. BC from South Asia accumulates near the south slope of TP, inducing an abnormal ascending motion near the Bay of Bengal. A compensating anomalous sinking motion is then forced in South China, which suppresses the precipitation there. A primary observational analysis is also performed to verify both dynamical pathways.

Significance Statement

The intensified air pollution over South Asia and its impacts on local climate have been extensively investigated, but its impacts on the climate of remote regions have not been well recognized. Two possible dynamical pathways bridging South Asian air pollutants and East Asian spring climate are proposed, and the black carbon (BC)-induced climate feedbacks surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are emphasized for both pathways. The findings of this study favor the projection of East Asian future climate under the background of Third Pole/TP warming.
Toward a Quantitative Understanding of Robert’s Rising Thermal Bubble as a Benchmark for 3D Atmospheric Codes
Authors: Andrés-Carcasona M. , Soria M. , García-Melendo E. , Miró A.
Published: February 2023

Robert’s rising thermal bubble (RRTB) is a benchmark case used to assess atmospheric models. In this paper, RRTB is further studied both using an analytical and a numerical approach, improving to a greater extent the qualitative description found in the literature. The theoretical framework used is that of buoyant thermals and scaling theory that together are able to predict part of the expected behavior of the bubble as it rises and, therefore, can be used to further validate the simulations. For the numerical experiments, we simulate both a two-dimensional and three-dimensional RRTB using a variety of convection schemes under the Boussinesq approximation and with a higher resolution. While the results are in agreement with those presented by previous authors on the same benchmark and also with the theoretical framework established, we add the quantitative measures to validate the underlying physics of the numerical model. Our results also show that, due to its completely chaotic nature when confined in a 2D plane, RRTB becomes a very challenging candidate to be used as a benchmark if only compared in a qualitative way, and when the 3D bubble is simulated, the shape changes significantly.
“We’ve Been Forgotten”: First-Hand Perspectives on Teacher Leaders and Teacher Leadership in Urban Schools
Authors: Wronowski Meredith L. , VanGronigen Bryan A. , Henry Wesley L.C. , Olive James L.
Published: February 2023

The use of teacher leadership in PK-12 education has experienced a resurgence since the late 1990s as school leadership models have evolved to include the engagement of diverse stakeholders in school and district leadership processes aimed at improvement efforts. Despite this resurgence, there remain several barriers to understanding the nature of the work in which teacher leaders engage and the contributions that they make. This grounded theory study examined teacher perceptions of teacher leadership, the types of work in which teacher leaders do and should engage, the boundaries of that work, and barriers to teacher leadership. Leveraging interviews with teachers in a large urban school district, we found that teachers function in many domains of work and are eager for pathways to leverage their expertise, but some faced a lack of access to their school’s leadership and management space. We conclude by discussing the implications from our findings for school- and district-level leaders, local and state policymakers, and educational leadership preparation programs.
From mass mobilization to neoliberal war-making: Labor strikes and military-industrial transformation in the United States
Authors: Payne Corey R
Published: February 2023

How did workers affect—and how were they affected by—the dramatic transformations of U.S. war-making that have occurred since the mid-twentieth century? Where do such transformations leave workers and war in the twenty-first century? Using newly compiled data on workers’ strikes in the U.S. armaments industries from World War II through the present, this paper examines the relationship between labor and military-industrial restructuring. The paper introduces the concept of regimes of war-making and makes three main arguments. First, workers’ power was a significant force shaping the shift from a regime of mass mobilization war-making to a regime of neoliberal war-making, as armaments firms aimed to overcome the constraints imposed by workers in the mid-twentieth century. Wartime mobilizations—for Korea and Vietnam—temporarily stymied these efforts by enhancing the disruptive power of workers, who leveraged that power into pauses or reversals of firms’ initial attempts at restructuring. Second, U.S. defeat in Vietnam was a watershed moment. Mass mobilization was abandoned, and the changing nature of war meant that subsequent military buildups offered workers little leverage with which to resist restructuring. Third, in the twenty-first century, the combination of greatly expanded wars and decades of restructuring has resulted in a bifurcation among armaments workers, between those producing supplies needed for pressing counterinsurgency operations and those producing other innovative, but unused, systems. Thus, while the regime of neoliberal war-making has reduced the size and strength of armaments workers in general, some still have significant disruptive potential at the present juncture.
The Effectiveness of Membership-Based Free Shipping: An Empirical Investigation of Consumers’ Purchase Behaviors and Revenue Contribution
Authors: Guo Fangfei , Liu Yan
Published: February 2023

Membership-based free shipping (MFS) has been increasingly adopted by online retailers. However, its effectiveness is understudied. This study leverages a consumer transaction data set provided by an online retailer and uses a stacked difference-in-differences approach to quantify the enrollment effect of MFS on consumers’ purchase behaviors and their net revenue contribution to the retailer. Interestingly, MFS enrollment does not lift average consumers’ spending at the beginning of the enrollment, as they break large orders into smaller ones. Retailers do not gain incremental net revenue due to the increased shipping costs during this period. However, the free shipping benefit may build a switching barrier that motivates consumers to purchase more often with larger order sizes over time. It eventually leads to increased spending and revenue contribution. MFS also increases members’ purchase variety and impulse purchases. In addition, the authors find that there is a greater increase in net revenue contribution after enrollment for light buyers, variety seekers, and those who are willing to pay shipping fees before enrollment. Surprisingly, MFS has a negative impact on the revenue contribution of heavy buyers, the conventional best-value consumers. Moreover, MFS can effectively strengthen consumer–retailer relationships by reducing customer churn.
Facilitating the Urgent Public Health Need to Improve Data Sharing With Tribal Epidemiology Centers
Authors: O’Connell Meghan Curry , Abourezk Charles
Published: February 2023

Tribal Epidemiology Centers (TECs) are an essential and unique part of the public health system and an important part of federal efforts to improve the health status of American Indian and Alaska Native people. Pursuant to federal statute, TECs serve the 574 federally recognized Tribes (hereinafter, “Tribes”) and their members across the United States, as well as American Indian and Alaska Native people in general. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for timely, complete, and accurate public health data, particularly for American Indian and Alaska Native communities and others who may have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. This article reviews the history and importance of TECs and federal statutes governing TECs’ ability to access and use protected health information for public health purposes. TECs and Tribes often encounter difficulty receiving public health data from state and federal agencies despite their designation as “public health authorities” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and associated regulations. Limited access to this information hinders the statutory mission of TECs as well as Tribal monitoring of and response to public health threats such as SARS-CoV-2. Agency acknowledgment and compliance with current federal law regarding data sharing with TECs are essential to improve data access and the fragile public health of Tribal communities.
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square in the Context of Prevention Protocols, Utah, September–November 2021
Authors: Lanier William A. , Palmer David K. , Willmore D. Keith , Oakeson Kelly F. , Young Erin L. , Nolen Leisha D.
Published: February 2023

Group singing and playing of wind instruments increase COVID-19 transmission risk. After a pause during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square organization (hereinafter, Choir) resumed musical events in September 2021 with prevention protocols, including required vaccination and pre-event rapid antigen testing. We investigated potential SARS-CoV-2 transmission at Choir events during September 21–November 7, 2021. We interviewed COVID-19–positive members (hereinafter, case-members) and identified members exposed when a case-member attended a Choir event during his or her infectious period. We compared whole genome sequencing results to assess the genetic relatedness of available SARS-CoV-2 specimens obtained from case-members. We identified 30 case-members through pre-event testing (n = 10), self-reported positive test results (n = 18), and a review of Utah’s disease surveillance system (n = 2). All 30 case-members reported symptoms; 21 (70%) were women and 23 (77%) received a positive test result by nucleic acid amplification test. No hospitalizations or deaths were reported. We identified 176 test-eligible exposed members from 14 instances of case-members attending events during their infectious periods. All were tested at least once 2 to 14 days after exposure: 74 (42%) by rapid antigen test only (all negative) and 102 (58%) by nucleic acid amplification test (4 positive, 97 negative, and 1 equivocal). Among viral sequences available from 15 case-members, the smallest single-nucleotide polymorphism distance between 2 sequences was 2, and the next-smallest distance was 10. The lack of disease detected in most exposed members suggests that minimal, if any, transmission occurred at Choir events. When community COVID-19 incidence is high, prevention protocols might help limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission during group musical activities.
Embracing the Future: Updating and Revising the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Landon Trenton J. , Hill Julie C. , Froehlich Robert J. , Shlemon Pamela
Published: February 2023

The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) certifies qualified candidates as certified rehabilitation counselors in the United States (CRCs) and as Canadian certified rehabilitation counselors (CCRCs) in Canada. Those professionals who are certified as CRCs/CCRCs are expected to adhere to the CRCC Code of Professional Ethics. The CRCC Code of Ethics is updated from time to time. With the completion of the recent revision process, a revised Code of Professional Ethics for CRCs/CCRCs is now being distributed and implemented by the CRCC. Given the changes and updates to the Code of Professional Ethics, this article and subsequent articles in this special issue help to outline the process and rationale that framed the recent revision process. Although some specific changes are highlighted through this special issue, practitioners are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the entire code.
Emerging passive thermoregulatory textiles through tailoring different heat transfer routes
Authors: Chen Meng , Liu Yuanjun , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: February 2023

Personal thermal management systems play significant roles in improving personal thermal comfort and decreasing energy consumption resulting from traditional thermoregulation methods such as air conditioning. Thermoregulatory textiles passively regulating human body heat transfer routes through their engineered properties are an effective and promising way to offer personal thermophysiological comfort without extra energy consumption. In this paper, we reviewed recent progress on passive thermoregulatory textiles and classified them into four categories: radiative thermoregulatory textiles, conductive thermoregulatory textiles, single phase convective thermoregulatory textiles, and phase transition convective cooling textiles. By comparing and summarizing their thermoregulatory paths and performance, we found that radiative thermoregulatory textiles are the most promising because of their wide temperature regulation paths, superior thermoregulatory performance, and bidirectional temperature regulation. Furthermore, we provided critical considerations on the various characterization and calculation methods for thermoregulatory performance used in these research works, and pointed out future perspectives in such a burgeoning field.
Who Made This? Algorithms and Authorship Credit
Authors: Jago Arthur S. , Carroll Glenn R.
Published: February 2023

Producers and creators often receive assistance with work from other people. Increasingly, algorithms can provide similar assistance. When algorithms assist or augment producers, does this change individuals’ willingness to assign credit to those producers? Across four studies spanning several domains (e.g., painting, construction, sports analytics, and entrepreneurship), we find evidence that producers receive more credit for work when they are assisted by algorithms, compared with humans. We also find that individuals assume algorithmic assistance requires more producer oversight than human assistance does, a mechanism that explains these higher attributions of credit (Studies 1–3). The greater credit individuals assign to producers assisted by algorithms (vs. other people) also manifests itself in increased support for those producers’ entrepreneurial endeavors (Study 4). As algorithms proliferate, norms of credit and authorship are likely changing, precipitating a variety of economic and social consequences.
Citation metrics and evaluation of journals and conferences
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Kumar Naveen , Bhalla Subhash
Published: February 2023

Citation analysis aims at evaluating the published scientific manuscripts, their authors and the publication venues (journals/conferences). There are several popular metrics for measuring the impact of the journals, the Impact Factor (IF) being the most popular. Similarly, the [Formula: see text]-index is a popular metric for evaluating and ranking conferences. We have presented a review of metrics for citation analysis, categorised according to their applicability for evaluating journals and conferences. The citation metrics may also be categorised as popularity measuring and prestige measuring. Prestige measuring indicators like SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) and Eigenfactor have already gained popularity for evaluating journals. We discuss their role in evaluating the conferences. Indeed, some conferences have already started mentioning their prestige score in terms of the SJR of their conference proceedings. We also propose a Normalised Immediacy Index ([Formula: see text]), a variant of the Immediacy Index ([Formula: see text]), to measure the immediate relevance of articles published in a journal/conference. It is shown that the proposed metric can be used for immediacy relevance comparison irrespective of the publication schedule of the articles. Spearman correlation was run to determine the relationship between the values of the proposed [Formula: see text] and traditional metrics ([Formula: see text]-index for conferences and IF for journals). A strong, positive monotonic correlation was observed between [Formula: see text] and H-index ([Formula: see text] = .67, [Formula: see text] = 17, [Formula: see text] < .01) for conferences and between [Formula: see text] and IF ([Formula: see text] = .65, [Formula: see text] = 20, [Formula: see text] < .01) for journals.
Mother Cow and Maternal Behaviour in Colonial North India
Authors: Price Lloyd
Published: February 2023

This article offers a historical analysis of the interdisciplinary question to what extent animal behaviour influences domestication, by exploring how socio-cultural representations of cows as mothers were shaped by perceptions of their maternal behaviours. It does so by providing an analysis of the evolution of dairying practices in both the colonial and vernacular sciences of modern India. Mother cow ( gau måtå) was imbibed with spiritual and material significance in the discourses of public health, food security and gastro-politics from the late nineteenth century. But to what extent were cultural representations influenced by the maternal behaviours of the cow? Analysing animal husbandry practices, it is shown here that in contrast to the Western tradition of segregating the mother from her calf, the maternal behaviours and emotions of Bos indicus zebu cows were perceived by many dairy farmers to be an evolved characteristic that needed to be nurtured.
Book Review: Sharat Sabharwal, India’s Pakistan Conundrum: Managing a Complex Relationship
Authors: Shah Mubashir Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Sharat Sabharwal, India’s Pakistan Conundrum: Managing a Complex Relationship (New Delhi: Routledge, 2022) xi + 228 pp.
Book Review: Mashal Saif, The ‘Ulama in Contemporary Pakistan: Contesting and Cultivating an Islamic Republic
Authors: Yousuf Muneeb
Published: February 2023

Mashal Saif, The ‘Ulama in Contemporary Pakistan: Contesting and Cultivating an Islamic Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021), xii +320 pp.
Heterogeneity in social participation among young people with vision impairment
Authors: Heppe Eline CM , van Klaveren Chris , Cornelisz Ilja , Schuengel Carlo , Kef Sabina
Published: February 2023

Young people may adapt to vision impairment (VI) in a variety of ways. To explore heterogeneity in social participation, data were mined for distinct patterns. Existing data from 258 young people with VI, aged between 26 and 44 years ( M = 35.3 years; SD = 5.07), were clustered. Social participation was measured by four closed-ended questions and the Social Network Map. Loneliness was measured by the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale. K-medoids clustering with the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm was used to cluster social participation variables and age.Eight clusters were identified, with participants in the two largest clusters, clusters 1 ( n = 84) and 2 ( n = 50), scoring high on almost all social participation outcomes. Participants in cluster 8 ( n = 14) had the lowest social participation scores. However, also over half of the participants in clusters 4, 5, 6, and 7 experienced feelings of loneliness. Findings demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in social participation among young people with VI, which however does not link to loneliness. These variations in social participation underline the need for a differentiated approach to address needs of young people with VI.
Combining realist evaluation and transformative evaluation to advance research in palliative care: The case of end of life companionship
Authors: Downey John , Fornasiero Mauro , Cooper Susan , Bassett Lynn , Doherty Margaret , Dubeibe Fong Alejandra , Bradley Natasha , Cornwall Jon
Published: February 2023

Background:

Palliative care requires innovative methods to understand what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why. Realist evaluation has become one prominent approach due to its preoccupation with building, and testing, causal theories to explain the influence of contextual factors on outcomes. Undertaking realist evaluation is not without challenges and may amplify issues of underrepresentation, disempower those working in palliative care, and produce results with poor ecological validity. Complementary approaches are needed which mitigate these challenges, whilst producing credible findings that advances knowledge.

Purpose:

In this article it is outlined how realist evaluation provides a toolkit to advance research to explain, and empirically test, the complex contours of palliative care. Moreover, it is proposed that transformative evaluation can provide a catalyst to engage and empower those within palliative care, create the opportunity for care transformation, and produce more informed and authentic theories.

Discussion:

Contemporary issues in palliative care pertain to the complexity of palliative care, the insufficiency of experimental designs alone, and the challenges of achieving inclusive research participation. In this article it is argued that theory led, participatory, opportunistic and naturalistic approaches can provide an antidote to the issues in the literature. The combination also mitigates many methodological critiques of the individual approaches, by increasing the transformative potential of realist evaluation, and explanatory potential of transformative evaluation.
Gravel Loss Prediction Model Using Beta Regression
Authors: Alam-Khan Shafkat , Cetin Bora , Jeong H. David , Ashlock Jeramy C.
Published: February 2023

Unpaved roads consist of considerable portions of the roadway network in many countries. These roads play crucial roles in the development of infrastructure systems, advancements of socio-economic activities and improvements of the agricultural and production sectors. Thereby, unpaved roads benefit the underdeveloped, rural, and remote neighborhoods, and act as lifelines for these geographically disadvantaged communities. Frequent and regular maintenance activities keep the roadway system operational at a desired level of service. Resurfacing is one of the major maintenance treatments for unpaved roads. A gravel loss prediction model (GLPM) can evaluate the impacts of varying magnitude of resurfacing treatments on the roadway performance. Thus, a GLPM can provide valuable insights for roadway maintenance budget scheduling and decision-making tasks. In this paper, the backgrounds, input requirements, and output results of three popular GLPMs were reviewed. These models were (i) Highway Development and Management Model 4 (HDM-4), (ii) South African Technical Recommendation for Highways Model 20 (TRH-20), and (iii) Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) Model. In addition, the practicality of roadway resurfacing frequency charts which were developed based on these models was also evaluated. This study determined that the existing GLPMs and the corresponding roadway resurfacing frequency charts were often unreliable and impractical. In this study, a beta regression (BR) analysis methodology was utilized to develop and calibrate a GLPM for Iowa. Because of its simplified yet effective nature, the BR model outperformed the popular GLPMs and offered a practical approach to quantify annual roadway gravel loss.
Human Muscle–Derived Cells Are Capable of Tenogenic Differentiation and Contribution to Tendon Repair
Authors: Shao Xiexiang , Lin Xingzuan , Zhu Siyuan , Zhou Hao , Lu Zhenfei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2023

Background:

It has been reported that the harvested hamstring tendon for autograft could be regenerated with well-oriented fibers and uniformly distributed spindle-shaped cells after removal. However, which cell type might participate in the repair process remains unknown.

Purpose:

To investigate the tenogenic differentiation potential of human muscle–derived cells (MDCs) both in vitro and in vivo.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Primary human MDCs and tenocytes were isolated from discarded materials during a peroneus longus tendon–harvesting procedure. Expression of tenogenic genes were evaluated and compared among MDCs, MDCs with tenogenic induction, and tenocytes. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profile of differentiated MDCs. Human MDCs were implanted in a tendon injury model to investigate the in vivo tenogenic differentiation potential. Histologic and functional analyses were performed to evaluate the function of MDCs for tendon repair.

Results:

The relative expression levels (in fold change) of tenogenic genes Col I, MKX, SCX, THBS4, and TNC in MDCs were significantly upregulated 11.5 ± 1.3, 957.1 ± 63.7, 19.1 ± 2.8, 61.9 ± 4.8, and 10.2 ± 2.8 after tenogenic induction, respectively. The expression profile of tenogenically differentiated MDCs was much closer to primary tenocytes. Activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling significantly promoted the tenogenic differentiation ability of MDCs. Transplanted human MDCs were identified in regenerated tendon and expressed tenogenic genes. As for biomechanical properties, the failure loads in the Matrigel, transplantation, and uninjured groups were 7.2 ± 0.5, 11.6 ± 0.3, and 13.9 ± 0.7 N, while the stiffness values were 4.4 ± 1.3 × 103, 7.6 ± 0.8 × 103, and 10.9 ± 1.1 × 103 N/m. Plantarflexion force, histologic morphology, and motor function were also significantly improved after MDC transplantation in a tendon injury model.

Conclusion:

There exist cells with tenogenic differentiation potential in human skeletal muscles. Activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling plays an important role in tenogenic differentiation for human MDCs. Human MDCs contribute to structural and functional repair for the injured tendon. MDCs are a potential cell source to participate in the repair process after tendon injury.

Clinical Relevance:

The MDCs could be a promising cell source to repair tendon injury.
Johann Arnason’s unanswered question: To what end does one combine historical-comparative sociology with social and political philosophy?
Authors: Wagner Peter
Published: February 2023

Johann Arnason’s work combines the most erudite historical-comparative sociology, discussing highly knowledgeably enormous stretches of world-history, with the most subtle social and political philosophy, drawing creatively on the traditions of hermeneutics and phenomenology. Invariably, his works introduce more nuance and sophistication into the analysis of even very well studied socio-historical phenomena. At the same time, he addresses such major phenomena in terms of modernity, democracy and capitalism, agreeing that there often – maybe always – is a combination of empirical, conceptual and normative issues at work when analysing human history. Nevertheless, readers of his work may at the same time be impressed by the nuance and sophistication and at a loss with regard to what such further refinement of our socio-historical knowledge entails in terms of understanding our own time in its historical context. Searching through Johann Arnason’s work, this article identifies unexplored questions in the conceptual and historical relation between civilization, modernity, and equality and tries to understand why they have been left open.
Pragmatic Evaluation of a Low-Threshold Sports Program for Older Adults in Group Homes
Authors: Burke Amanda , Jones Andy
Published: February 2023

Physical activity (PA) reduces with older age, ill health, and disability. For these groups, guidance recognizes the benefit of small increases in PA and low-intensity PA. This study evaluated a low-threshold intervention that addressed known barriers to older people’s participation in PA in residential care and sheltered housing. Ten, competitive sport sessions were delivered by coaches at 49 sites with the aim that they be sustained in-house. Using quasi-experimental methods, participants reported reduced sitting time, increased moderate/vigorous PA, increased participation in sports and improved scores for both health quality of life and fear of falling at 6 months. The program engaged 29% of residents and was sustained at 50% of sites at 8 months. The findings suggest that low-threshold sports programs that overcome known barriers to older people’s participation in PA have the potential to provide a gateway to increased PA in group homes and to be sustained in-house.
Mating Call, Dog Whistle, Trigger: Asymmetric Alignments, Race, and the Use of Reactionary Religious Rhetoric in American Politics
Authors: Perry Samuel L.
Published: February 2023

Asymmetric social alignments are transforming American partisan rhetoric, particularly how politicians leverage identity-based appeals. For example, asymmetric religious, racial, and ideological alignments within the Republican party now make reactionary religious rhetoric increasingly strategic. Focusing on that case, I propose a novel conceptual model to understand what such rhetoric aims to accomplish. Reactionary religious rhetoric advertises, appeals, and activates on a spectrum from overt to subconscious registers, which I explain using three metaphors: mating call, dog whistle, and trigger. Within a context of asymmetrical partisan “sorting,” Christian nationalist rhetoric overtly advertises partisanship (mating call). Rhetoric deploying encoded terms like “Christian” and “socialist” appeals to ethno-culture, connecting specific political opponents to abstract ethno-religious threats (dog whistle). Lastly, research on overlapping identities increasingly suggests rhetoric involving threats to “Christianity” may unconsciously activate White racial threat (trigger). I consider applications of this conceptual model to growing political appeals to nationalist and populist identities.