bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Soil Thermal and Hydraulic Properties and Parameterizations for CLM in the SRYR
Authors: Chen Jinlei , Wen Jun , Tian Hui , Zhang Tangtang , Yang Xianyu , Jia Dongyu , Lai Xin
Published: July 2018

Located in the northeast part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, the source region of the Yellow River is a crucial water conservation area. Laboratory tests and observations are used to determine the soil thermal and hydraulic properties in this key area. Furthermore, their physical processes in the Community Land Model (CLM) are revised to better apply to the plateau. The main results are as follows. (1) The thermal conductivity in frozen soil is mainly controlled by the content of air and is positively correlated with subzero temperatures (−5 to −20 °C); however, it slightly increases with increasing temperature (5 to 20 °C) in thawed soil, and obvious layering exists. The influence of temperature can be ignored for dry soil. (2) The thermal conductivity of thawed soil is positively correlated with water content and shows a nonlinear variation. The rate of increase is rapid during the early stage of thawing and then slows. (3) The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreases with depth. Soil matric potential exhibits large fluctuations and is spatially heterogeneous due to the feedback to soil moisture. (4) The simulation differences of soil temperature and moisture are narrowed to approximately 1 °C and by half, respectively, by the revised schemes in CLM4.5. The simulation of energy fluxes and ground temperature also improved, but the latent heat flux performed less well due to the deficiencies in the hydraulic schemes. This study is of great significance for research on land surface processes and the application of the CLM in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau.
Impact of the Generation and Activation of Sea Salt Aerosols on the Evolution of Tropical Cyclone Dumile
Authors: Hoarau T. , Barthe C. , Tulet P. , Claeys M. , Pinty J.‐P. , Bousquet O. , Delanoë J. , Vié B.
Published: July 2018

An original coupling between an aerosol scheme and a two‐moment microphysics scheme has been developed in the cloud‐resolving model Meso‐NH to fully represent the aerosol‐microphysics‐dynamics interactions in tropical cyclones. A first evaluation of this coupling is performed through the simulation of tropical cyclone Dumile (2013) in the South‐West Indian Ocean. MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project) analysis and CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) data agree about the predominance of sea salt aerosols. The aerosol‐microphysics coupled system reproduces the track and intensity of Dumile well, with a transition from a monsoon depression to a tropical cyclone, and produces ice water contents that compare well with the DARDAR (raDAR/liDAR) product. Using a one‐moment microphysics scheme produces a more intense and symmetric system tracking too far to the west. In the aerosol‐microphysics coupled simulation, sea salt aerosols, the main source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), are preferentially produced in regions with high winds and waves, which reinforce convective asymmetries compared to the simulation with the one‐moment scheme. Using a two‐moment microphysics scheme without explicit sea salt emission led to a dramatic weakening of Dumile after 24 hr of simulation due to the consumption and scavenging of all interstitial CCN in the inner core. The importance of explicitly taking account of sea salt aerosol emissions associated with high winds and waves in tropical cyclones is a critical point for simulating long‐lasting systems that need to generate their own CCN.
Invasive Freshwater Mussels Drive Changes in Estuary Sediments
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: July 2018

The golden mussel has spread quickly in the 30 years since its arrival in South America and is transforming aquatic ecosystems in waterways across the continent.
A Billion Tons of Unaccounted for Carbon in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Gonzalez Yaslin N. , Bacon Allan R. , Harris Willie G.
Published: July 2018

Because Earth's soil contains more carbon than the atmosphere and all terrestrial vegetation combined, forecasting and managing the global carbon cycle in the face of natural and anthropogenic change requires accurate representations of this carbon. Here from regional geomorphic and soil databases, we characterize the mass, distribution, and cycling of previously unaccounted for soil carbon across the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain, referred to as “deep‐podzolized carbon.” We show that geomorphologic‐hydrologic interactions stabilize approximately 1.1 × 10−9 t of deep‐podzolized carbon (equivalent to roughly 18% of the soil organic carbon stored across the entire region from 0–30 cm), and that this potentially ancient carbon is predictably distributed coincident with Pleistocene marine transgressions. We not only redefine soil carbon storage in the region but we also introduce the Earth Sciences to a massive organic carbon pool that interacts with landscape evolution and hydrology, has essentially never been studied, and is ripe for interdisciplinary research.
Vertical Structure of Diurnal Englacial Hydrology Cycle at Helheim Glacier, East Greenland
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Voytenko Denis , Nicholls Keith W. , Xie Surui , Parizek Byron R. , Holland David M.
Published: July 2018

The interior dynamics of Helheim Glacier were monitored using an autonomous phase‐sensitive radio‐echo sounder (ApRES) during two consecutive summers. The return signals from all observational sites exhibited strong non‐tidal, depth‐dependent diurnal variations. We show that these variations in the glacier interior can be explained by an englacial diurnal meltwater cycle: a data interpretation that assumes constant ice‐column composition through time leads to dynamical inconsistencies with concurrent observations from GPS and terrestrial radar. The observed diurnal meltwater cycle is spatially variable, both between different sites and in the vertical, consistent with the existence of a dense and complex englacial hydrologic network. Future applications of this observational technique could reveal long‐term meltwater behavior inside glaciers and ice sheets, leading to an improved understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of the basal boundary conditions needed to simulate them realistically.
Development and Recovery of Stress‐Induced Elastic Anisotropy During Cyclic Loading Experiment on Westerly Granite
Authors: Passelègue François. X. , Pimienta Lucas , Faulkner Daniel , Schubnel Alexandre , Fortin Jérôme , Guéguen Yves
Published: July 2018

In the upper crust, where brittle deformation mechanisms dominate, the development of crack networks subject to anisotropic stress fields generates stress‐induced elastic anisotropy. Here a rock specimen of Westerly granite was submitted to differential stress cycles (i.e., loading and unloading) of increasing amplitudes, up to failure and under upper crustal conditions. Combined records of strains, acoustic emissions, and P and S elastic wave anisotropies demonstrate that increasing differential stress promotes crack opening, sliding, and propagation subparallel to the main compressive stress orientation. However, the significant elastic anisotropies observed during loading (≥20%) almost vanish upon stress removal, demonstrating that in the absence of stress, crack‐related elastic anisotropy remains limited (≤10%). As a consequence, (i) crack‐related elastic anisotropies measured in the crust will likely be a strong function of the level of differential stress, and consequently (ii) continuous monitoring of elastic wave velocity anisotropy along faults could shed light on the mechanism of stress accumulation during interseismic loading.
Microseismicity Simulated on Asperity‐Like Fault Patches: On Scaling of Seismic Moment With Duration and Seismological Estimates of Stress Drops
Authors: Lin Yen‐Yu , Lapusta Nadia
Published: July 2018

Observations show that microseismic events from the same location can have similar source durations but different seismic moments, violating the commonly assumed scaling. We use numerical simulations of earthquake sequences to demonstrate that strength variations over seismogenic patches provide an explanation of such behavior, with the event duration controlled by the patch size and event magnitude determined by how much of the patch area is ruptured. We find that stress drops estimated by typical seismological analyses for the simulated sources significantly increase with the event magnitude, ranging from 0.006 to 8 MPa. However, the actual stress drops determined from the on‐fault stress changes are magnitude‐independent and ~3 MPa. Our findings suggest that fault heterogeneity results in local deviations in the moment‐duration scaling and earthquake sources with complex shapes of the ruptured area, for some of which stress drops may be significantly (~100–1,000 times) underestimated by the typical seismological methods.
Curiosity's Investigation of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater: Overview of the Two‐Phase Scientific Campaign and Introduction to the Special Collection
Authors: Lapotre M. G. A. , Rampe E. B.
Published: July 2018

Between November 2015 and April 2017, Curiosity performed the first in situ investigation of an extraterrestrial dune field—the active Bagnold Dunes of Gale crater, Mars. The campaign consisted of two phases: Phase 1 occurred in southern fall/winter at Namib and High Dunes, two barchan dunes along the trailing edge of the dune field; Phase 2 occurred in southern summer at the Nathan Bridges Dune, a linear dune, and Mount Desert Island, a ripple field along the southern margin of the dune field. Both phases included a suite of observations and measurements that bear significance to our understanding of modern winds, associated sand fluxes, bedform morphology, and physical properties, composition, provenance, and sorting of eolian materials. Altogether, results described in a total of 26 manuscripts (11 of which are presented in this special collection) define the current understanding of Martian eolian processes at subdune scales, complementing previous orbiter‐based studies that encompassed larger scales.
Effect of Disturbance Electric Fields on Equatorial Electrojet Over Indian Longitudes
Authors: Bulusu Jayashree , R. K. Archana , Arora Kusumita , Chandrasekhar N. Phani , Nagarajan Nandini
Published: July 2018

Prompt penetration (PP) and ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) are two expressions of the disturbed electric field developed during a geomagnetic storm in the Earth's ionosphere. Earlier investigations treated these two processes independently over longitudinal separation beyond 20°. In the present study, we investigate the conjunction of these phenomena on equatorial electrojet at 20° longitude separations using daytime magnetic field data from three equatorial sites viz., Minicoy, Vencode, and Campbell Bay and three low‐latitude sites viz., Alibag, Hyderabad, and Nabagram, located within 20° longitude over Indian region, during three intense storms (Dst <− 150 nT). We propose a statistical method to identify PP signatures from large data set. In addition, we distinguish the signatures of PP and Ddyn during early recovery phase of intense storms and compute pure Ddyn signature in the late recovery phase. It is seen that the effect of PP is similar at the three equatorial sites for each storm. We find that signatures of Ddyn are amplified at Minicoy and Vencode compared to Campbell Bay, and their magnitude decreases toward low‐latitude stations, also reflected in the current vector patterns. Our investigations of intense geomagnetic storms show that PP effect dominates the main phase, followed by a combined effect of PP and Ddyn in the early recovery phase. Eventually the Ddyn signature dominates in the late recovery phase with decreasing amplitudes of Ddyn with increasing time. Such investigations can provide new information about variations in ionospheric parameters.
Longitudinal Dependence of Whistler Mode Electromagnetic Waves in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Záhlava J. , Němec F. , Santolík O. , Kolmašova I. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Parrot M. , Kurth W. S. , Bortnik J. , Kletzing C.
Published: July 2018

We use the measurements performed by the DEMETER (2004–010) and the Van Allen Probes (2012–016, still operating) spacecraft to investigate the longitudinal dependence of the intensity of whistler mode waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. We show that a significant longitudinal dependence is observed inside the plasmasphere on the nightside, primarily in the frequency range 400 Hz to 2 kHz. On the other hand, almost no longitudinal dependence is observed on the dayside. The obtained results are compared to the lightning occurrence rate provided by the Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor mission normalized by a factor accounting for the ionospheric attenuation. The agreement between the two dependencies indicates that lightning‐generated electromagnetic waves may be responsible for of the observed effect, thus substantially affecting the overall wave intensity in the given frequency range. Finally, we show that the longitudinal dependence is most pronounced for waves with oblique wave of normal angles.
Statistical Properties of Mesoscale Plasma Flows in the Nightside High‐Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Gabrielse Christine , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Lyons Larry , Gallardo‐Lacourt Beatriz , Deng Yue , Donovan Eric
Published: July 2018

The field of space weather has made great strides in understanding and simulating large‐scale, global responses of the Earth's upper atmosphere to various inputs from the Sun; however, the mesoscale phenomena (~30–500 km wide) that are much more dynamic and powerful in the coupled system have remained uncharacterized. We therefore present key parameters of mesoscale ionospheric plasma flows in order to evaluate their relationship within the coupled system and to inform global models. We characterize mesoscale plasma flow properties in the nightside polar cap and auroral oval using nine years of Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) line‐of‐sight velocity data from the stations at Rankin Inlet and Saskatoon. We quantify their width, velocity, occurrence rates, duration, and orientation, and how these characteristics depend on latitude, magnetic local time (MLT), season, substorm activity (AL), solar cycle (F10.7), and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle. Measuring the ionospheric footpoint of magnetospheric fast flows, our analysis technique from the ground also provides a 2‐D picture of flows and their characteristics that spacecraft alone cannot provide. Results include a characteristic equatorward flow width of ~180 km in the polar cap and ~140–150 km in the auroral oval. Flow velocities vary under the different conditions we studied. Equatorward polar cap flows and poleward flows everywhere have a postmidnight preference, suggesting a connection to polar cap arcs. Equatorward auroral oval flows have a premidnight preference, suggesting a connection to substorm‐related phenomena. The location and orientation of mesoscale flows dependent on IMF clock angle suggests that mesoscale flows follow the large‐scale background convection.
Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation
Authors: Ahmadi N. , Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Argall M. , Usanova M. E. , Breuillard H. , Malaspina D. , Paulson K. , Germaschewski K. , Eriksson S. , Goodrich K. , Torbert R. , Le Contel O. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Burch J. , Giles B.
Published: July 2018

The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission has observed electron whistler waves at the center and at the edges of magnetic holes in the dayside magnetosheath. The magnetic holes are nonlinear mirror structures since their magnitude is anticorrelated with particle density. In this article, we examine the growth mechanisms of these whistler waves and their interaction with the host magnetic hole. In the observations, as magnetic holes develop and get deeper, an electron population gets trapped and develops a temperature anisotropy favorable for whistler waves to be generated. In addition, the decrease in magnetic field magnitude and the increase in density reduce the electron resonance energy, which promotes the electron cyclotron resonance. To investigate this process, we used expanding box particle‐in‐cell simulations to produce the mirror instability, which then evolve into magnetic holes. The simulation shows that whistler waves can be generated at the center and edges of magnetic holes, which reproduces the primary features of the MMS observations. The simulation shows that the electron temperature anisotropy develops in the center of the magnetic hole once the mirror instability reaches its nonlinear stage of evolution. The plasma is then unstable to whistler waves at the minimum of the magnetic field structures. In the saturation regime of mirror instability, when magnetic holes are developed, the electron temperature anisotropy appears at the edges of the holes and electron distributions become more isotropic at the magnetic field minimum. At the edges, the expansion of magnetic holes decelerates the electrons, which leads to temperature anisotropies.
An Extreme Rainfall Event in Coastal South China During SCMREX‐2014: Formation and Roles of Rainband and Echo Trainings
Authors: Liu Xi , Luo Yali , Guan Zhaoyong , Zhang Da‐Lin
Published: July 2018

In this study, an extreme rainfall event of 451 mm in 20 hr that occurred in coastal South China on 11 May 2014 during the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment is investigated using integrated observations from the dual‐Doppler radar pair, polarimetric radar, extensive mesonetwork, and enhanced upper‐air soundings. Results show the generation of the extreme rainfall by two consecutive mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) consisting of multiple meso‐β‐scale rainbands. The two MCSs are maintained by lifting southerly oceanic flows over a quasi‐stationary mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) along the coastline that are enhanced by convectively generated weak cold pool. Northeastward “echo training” of convective cells, under the influence of environmental southwesterly flows, leads to the formation of the multiple rainbands in each MCS. Their subsequent propagations in a “rainband training” form, together with the echo training, along the coastline account for the production of extreme rainfall. The second MCS is characterized with a leading bowing rainband showing a process of rapid splitting and reestablishment (RSRE), which contributes to the formation of the rainband training. The occurrence of the RSRE process requires ample supply of unstable upstream oceanic air mass, the quasi‐stationary MOB, and a bowing rainband intersecting with the MOB. The second MCS produces more precipitation than the first one as a result of more rainbands, stronger convective intensity, and more moderate‐sized raindrops with larger maximal sizes. The above findings, especially the RSRE process and its associated storm internal circulation, appear to add new Insights into the formation and maintenance of training rainbands and their roles in heavy rainfall production.
Atmospheric River Impacts on Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance
Authors: Mattingly K. S. , Mote T. L. , Fettweis X.
Published: July 2018

Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass loss has accelerated since the turn of the twenty‐first century. Several recent episodes of rapid GrIS ablation coincided with intense moisture transport over Greenland by atmospheric rivers (ARs), suggesting that these events influence the evolution of GrIS surface mass balance (SMB). ARs likely provide melt energy through several physical mechanisms, and conversely, may increase SMB through enhanced snow accumulation. In this study, we compile a long‐term (1980–2016) record of moisture transport events using a conventional AR identification algorithm as well as a self‐organizing map classification applied to MERRA‐2 data. We then analyze AR effects on the GrIS using melt data from passive microwave satellite observations and regional climate model output. Results show that anomalously strong moisture transport by ARs clearly contributed to increased GrIS mass loss in recent years. AR activity over Greenland was above normal throughout the 2000s and early 2010s, and recent melting seasons with above‐average GrIS melt feature positive moisture transport anomalies over Greenland. Analysis of individual AR impacts shows a pronounced increase in GrIS surface melt after strong AR events. AR effects on SMB are more complex, as strong summer ARs cause sharp SMB losses in the ablation zone that exceed moderate SMB gains induced by ARs in the accumulation zone during summer and in all areas during other seasons. Our results demonstrate the influence of the strongest ARs in controlling GrIS SMB, and we conclude that projections of future GrIS SMB should accurately capture these rare ephemeral events.
Peri-arterial Autonomic Innervation of the Human Ear
Authors: Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur , Cotofana Sebastian , Jäger Carsten , Morawski Markus , Sora Mircea-Constantin , Werner Michael , Hammer Niels
Published: July 2018

Auricular vasomotor responses are considered to be signs of clinical conditions including migraine. The mechanisms of auricular vasomotor control are still debatable. This study aimed at investigating perivascular co-transmitters of vasomotor control in the auricle. Another aim was to provide three-dimensional arterial maps of the auricle, as a proxy of periarterial autonomic innervation. Twelve paired human auricles were used to visualize the arteries following Spalteholz clearing and μ-CT-based reconstruction. Perivascular innervation staining was conducted using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), anti-neuropeptide Y (NPY), anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and anti-choline acetyl transferase (ChAT). The combined Spalteholz technique and μ-CT revealed a highly consistent arrangement of the auricular vasculature. The superficial temporal (STA) and posterior auricular artery (PAA) supply the helical rim arcade and arcade, with the STA mainly forming the superior and the PAA forming the middle and inferior auricular artery. Co-existence of sympathetic NPY+ and TH+ terminals mediating vasoconstriction, and VIP+ and ACh+ indicating cholinergic vasodilatation, was found in the perivascular zone. The presence of both sympathetic vasoconstriction and cholinergic co-innervation for active vasodilatation was shown in the perivascular auricular zone. Assuming that the highly-consistent vasculature gives way to these terminals, this periarterial innervation may be found spread out across the helix.
Exploratory study examining the at-home feasibility of a wearable tool for social-affective learning in children with autism
Authors: Daniels Jena , Schwartz Jessey N. , Voss Catalin , Haber Nick , Fazel Azar , Kline Aaron , Washington Peter , Feinstein Carl , Winograd Terry , Wall Dennis P.
Published: July 2018

Although standard behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are effective therapies for social deficits, they face criticism for being time-intensive and overdependent on specialists. Earlier starting age of therapy is a strong predictor of later success, but waitlists for therapies can be 18 months long. To address these complications, we developed Superpower Glass, a machine-learning-assisted software system that runs on Google Glass and an Android smartphone, designed for use during social interactions. This pilot exploratory study examines our prototype tool’s potential for social-affective learning for children with autism. We sent our tool home with 14 families and assessed changes from intake to conclusion through the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), a facial affect recognition task (EGG), and qualitative parent reports. A repeated-measures one-way ANOVA demonstrated a decrease in SRS-2 total scores by an average 7.14 points (F(1,13) = 33.20, p = <.001, higher scores indicate higher ASD severity). EGG scores also increased by an average 9.55 correct responses (F(1,10) = 11.89, p = <.01). Parents reported increased eye contact and greater social acuity. This feasibility study supports using mobile technologies for potential therapeutic purposes.
Electrodrugs: an electrochemical prodrug activation strategy
Authors: Norman Daniel J. , González-Fernández Eva , Clavadetscher Jessica , Tucker Lulu , Staderini Matteo , Mount Andrew R. , Murray Alan F. , Bradley Mark
Published: July 2018

Controlled activation of a Pt(iv) prodrug into its active Pt(ii) form within a cellular context, using an electrochemical activation strategy.
Recent advances in the synthesis of functionalised monofluorinated compounds
Authors: Fustero Santos , Sedgwick Daniel M. , Román Raquel , Barrio Pablo
Published: July 2018

Over the past few years, we have tackled the synthesis of interesting monofluorinated organic molecules, such as: dihydronaphthalene derivatives, β-fluoro sulfones and related carbonyl compounds, fluorohydrins and allylic alcohols.
Tetrahalometallate salts of N-(4-picolinium)-1,8-naphthalimide: structures and solid-state fluorescence
Authors: Beebeejaun-Boodoo B. M. P. , Erasmus R. , Rademeyer M.
Published: July 2018

The fluorescence behaviour and non-covalent aromatic- and hydrogen bonding interactions in a family of N-(4-picolinium)-1,8-naphthalimide tetrahalometallates are reported.
Electrical transient laws in neuronal microdomains based on electro-diffusion
Authors: Cartailler J. , Holcman D.
Published: July 2018

The current–voltage (I–V) conversion characterizes the physiology of cellular microdomains and reflects cellular communication, excitability, and electrical transduction.
Egg-shell derived carbon dots for base pair selective DNA binding and recognition
Authors: Pramanik Srikrishna , Chatterjee Sabyasachi , Suresh Kumar Gopinatha , Sujatha Devi Parukuttyamma
Published: July 2018

Here, we have used food waste derived chicken egg shell membrane as a cost effective carbon source for the synthesis of heteroatom doped fluorescent carbon dots. We are able to apply these synthesized carbon dots as a new fluorescent probe for label free base pair selective and sequence specific double stranded DNA binding.
Excitation-dependent electron exchange energy and electron transfer dynamics in a series of covalently tethered N,N-bis(4′-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)aniline – [C60] fullerene dyads via varying π-conjugated spacers
Authors: Gangada Suneel , Chakali Madhu , Mandal Haraprasad , Duvva Naresh , Chitta Raghu , Lingamallu Giribabu , Bangal Prakriti Ranjan
Published: July 2018

Two different classes of electron transfer dynamics, adiabatic and non-adiabatic, are demonstrated for the first time in the same system by selective photoexcitations to donor and acceptor respectively.
Intense UV and visible up-conversion emissions from RE-doped SiO2–BaGdF5nano-glass-ceramics
Authors: del-Castillo J. , Yanes A. C.
Published: July 2018

High-efficient UV and VIS up-conversion RE-doped nano-glass-ceramics comprising BaGdF5nanocrystals, have been developed under thermal treatment of precursor sol–gel glasses.
Synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures for 2D van der Waals electronics
Authors: Kim Ki Kang , Lee Hyun Seok , Lee Young Hee
Published: July 2018

The construction of large surface area hexagonal boron nitride for van der Waals heterostructures and 2D-layered electronics is reviewed.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from potable drinking using a polyaniline-coated bacterial cellulose mat
Authors: Jahan Kousar , Kumar Nitesh , Verma Vivek
Published: July 2018

Polyaniline-based composites serve as adsorbent materials for the removal of hazardous heavy metal impurities such as Cr(vi) from wastewater.
Influence of terminal halogen moieties on the phase structure of short-core achiral hockey-stick-shaped mesogens: design, synthesis and structure–property relationship
Authors: Kaur Supreet , Mohiuddin Golam , Satapathy Pragnya , Nandi Rajib , Punjani Vidhika , Prasad S. Krishna , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: July 2018

An extensive study on the effect of terminal halogens on the structure–property relationship of polar L-shaped mesogens has been elucidated.
Correction: Template-free single pot synthesis of SnS2@Cu2O/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflowers for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Hatui Goutam , Nayak Ganesh Chandra , Udayabhanu G. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Pathak Devendra Deo
Published: July 2018

Correction for ‘Template-free single pot synthesis of SnS2@Cu2O/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflowers for high performance supercapacitors’ by Goutam Hatui et al., New J. Chem., 2017, 41, 2702–2716.
(2-(4-Bromophenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triyl)tribenzene with aggregation induced emission for ablation of HeLa cells
Authors: Yang Jie , Gu Xiaoqing , Su Wanting , Hao Xinyu , Shi Yujie , Zhao Liyun , Zou Dengfeng , Yang Gaowen , Li Qiaoyun , Zou Jianhua
Published: July 2018

TPE-Br with aggregation induced emission can inhibit the growth of HeLa cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Wide speed range operation of permanent magnet vernier machines
Authors: Arif A. , Baloch N. , Kwon B.I.
Published: July 2018

This letter proposes winding switching for the high‐performance of permanent‐magnet vernier machines (PMVMs) in wide speed range operation. The machine is operated in two modes: cumulative and differential. Before winding switching (cumulative mode), the machine is operated like a conventional three‐phase PMVM. The machine provides high torque density and high efficiency in this mode. After winding switching (differential mode), the back EMF and inductance of the machine are decreased significantly, which enable wide speed range operation and the attainment of high power factor in high‐speed operation.
Professor Dr. Albrecht Wilhelm
Authors: Lanz Ulrich
Published: July 2018

Erst verspätet wurde bekannt, dass am 24. April 2017 im Alter von 87 Jahren Professor Albrecht Wilhelm, der langjährige Chef der Chirurgie am Klinikum
Aschaffenburg, verstarb. Mit ihm verlor die Handchirurgie in Deutschland einen bedeutenden Mitbegründer und Repräsentanten dieses Fachs.
Der Baroreflex: Physiologie, klinische Bedeutung und Diagnostik
Authors: Steger Alexander , Müller Alexander , Sinnecker Daniel , Dommasch Michael , Heidegger Helene , Huster Katharina , Barthel Petra , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schmidt Georg
Published: July 2018

Der Baroreflex ist ein Mechanismus zur Aufrechterhaltung der kardiovaskulären Homöostase. Ein Anstieg des Blutdruckes führt, vermittelt durch das vegetative Nervensystem, gegenregulatorisch zu einem Abfall der Herzfrequenz und zu einer Dilatation der Widerstandsgefäße und umgekehrt. Dadurch werden überschießende Blutdruckschwankungen verhindert. Das Ausmaß der Baroreflexantwort ist ein starker und unabhängiger Prädiktor für Überleben und kardiale Ereignisse. Bei Erkrankungen des Herzkreislaufsystems liegt häufig ein pathologisch abgeschwächter Baroreflex vor. Adäquates Therapieansprechen dieser Patienten kann neben einer verbesserten Prognose mit einer Normalisierung der Baroreflexantwort einhergehen. Eine quantitative Beschreibung der Baroreflexantwort auf Blutdruckschwankungen ist die Baroreflexsensitivität (BRS). Es existieren verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung der Baroreflexsensitivität. Um die flächendeckende Implementierung dieser Verfahren in der klinischen Routine voranzutreiben, werden in Zukunft eine Optimierung in Bezug auf Messbarkeit und Reliabilität, die Etablierung von Referenzwerten sowie große prospektive Validierungsstudien vonnöten sein.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): Pathophysiologic Basics, Actual Indications and Results with Review of the Literature
Authors: Strunk Holger , Marinova Milka
Published: July 2018

Background Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a non-selective portosystemic shunt created using endovascular techniques. During recent years technical improvements and new insights into pathophysiology have modified indications for TIPS placement. In this article we therefore want to discuss current knowledge.

Method A literature review was performed to review and discuss the pathophysiology, indications and results of the TIPS procedure.

Results Established TIPS indications are persistent bleeding despite combined pharmacological and endoscopic therapy and rebleeding during the first five days. A new indication in the European recommendations is early TIPS placement within 72 hours, ideally within 24 hours, in patients bleeding from esophageal or gastroesophageal varices at high risk for treatment failure (e. g. Child-Pugh class C < 14 points or Child-Pugh class B with active bleeding) after initial pharmacological and endoscopic therapy. For prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage in the recommendations, covered TIPS placement is the treatment of choice only after failed first-line therapy, although numerous TIPS studies show a prolonged time to rebleeding and a reduction of mortality. Similarly for secondary prophylaxis in patients with refractory ascites, covered TIPS placement may be considered only if the patient continues to be intolerant to NSBBs and is an appropriate TIPS candidate even though studies show that the TIPS procedure controls ascites, improves survival and renal function better than paracentesis. Potential indications for TIPS implantation are Budd-Chiari syndrome, acute portal vein thromboses, hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary and hepatorenal syndrome (Typ 2), portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and prophylaxis of complications of abdominal surgery, very rarely bleeding in ectopic varices or in patients with chylothorax or chylous ascites.

Conclusion TIPS placement is an established procedure with a new indication as “early TIPS”. In the European recommendations it is only the second-line therapy for prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage and for secondary prophylaxis in patients with refractory ascites although several studies showed a clear benefit of the TIPS procedure compared to ligation and NSBBs.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Medizinisches Cannabis zur Behandlung einer pharmakoresistenten Übelkeit im Rahmen einer somatoformen Störung bei einem Post-Polio-Syndrom
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Weckbecker Klaus , Voss Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Ein 79-jähriger Patient mit Post-Polio-Syndrom leidet dauerhaft unter Übelkeit und Oberbauchschmerzen. Verschiedene Antiemetika brachten keine Linderung, die Beschwerden verstärkten sich sogar. Ein Therapieversuch mit Dronabinol 10 mg wurde vom Patienten nach 4 Wochen mangels Wirkung beendet. Die nun angesetzte Inhalationstherapie mittels Vaporisator mit Cannabis flos 50–100 mg/d zeigte dagegen einen unmittelbaren Wirkeintritt im Sinne einer Distanzierung von der Übelkeitssymptomatik und einer Reduktion der Schmerzen.
Erfolgreiche Korrektur schwerer Dupuytren-Rezidive durch erweiterte Nadelfasziotomie und langfristige dynamische
Schienenbehandlung.
Authors: Lenze Wolfgang Paul , Pattke Jörg
Published: July 2018

Vorgestellt wird ein 56-jähriger Mann mit Rezidivkontrakturen des linken Kleinfingers von 90 Grad im Mittelgelenk nach Partieller Fasziektomie (PF) vor 8 Jahren
und des rechten Kleinfingers mit 95 Grad im Mittelgelenk und 40 Grad im Grundgelenk 6 Jahre nach PF (
Abb. 1
und
Abb. 2
). Der Patient hat eine hohe Fibrosediathese: Vater und Bruder mit der Dupuytren-Krankheit, selbst M. Ledderhose
an beiden Füßen und Befall beider Hände.
Durchaus geeignet.
Authors: Staub Frank , Dombert Thomas , Dützmann Stephan
Published: July 2018

Mit großem Interesse haben wir den Artikel „Betreffend der Wrist-to-Forearm-Ratio des N. medianus ist die Sonographie zur Verlaufskontrolle nach Operation eines
Karpaltunnelsyndroms ungeeignet“ von Nitto und Mitarb. gelesen, da die Neurosonographie bei der Diagnose wie auch postoperativen Verlaufskontrolle von
Nervenkompressionssyndromen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt und letztlich auch wir diese Untersuchung seit Jahren erfolgreich anwenden 1. Die Autoren räumen Schwächen der Untersuchung ein, nicht zuletzt die relativ geringe Fallzahl von 21 Patienten (23
Händen).
Osteomyelitis nach Aquariumdermatose durch Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Glatzel Christopher , Hörber Sebastian , Deubler Gabriele , Kolb Klaus , Dustmann Moritz
Published: July 2018

Nach Schnittverletzung an einem Aquarium stellte sich eine 46-jährige gesunde Patientin mit einer seit einigen Wochen bestehenden Wundheilungsstörung am linken
Zeigefinger vor. In der klinischen Untersuchung zeigte sich dort eine serös sezernierende Wunde mit Umgebungsrötung dorsal über dem proximalen
Interphalangealgelenk (PIP;
Abb. 1a
). Des Weiteren zeigte sich eine Bewegungseinschränkung mit Beugefehlstellung im
distalen Interphalangealgelenk bei bekannter Heberden-Arthrose. Druckschmerzen waren über den Gelenken nicht auslösbar. In der durchgeführten Röntgendiagnostik
zeigte sich eine fortgeschrittene Heberden-Arthrose des betroffenen Zeigefingers. Trotz antibiotischer Behandlung und Schienenimmobilisation zeigte die Wunde
nach zwei weiteren Wochen keine Heilungstendenz, sodass der Patientin eine Exzision zur Gewinnung von Biopsiematerial mit anschließender Sekundärnaht empfohlen
wurde. Dies wurde jedoch von der Patientin zunächst abgelehnt. Ein Hautarzt stellte die Verdachtsdiagnose einer Aquariumdermatose und empfahl eine Umstellung
der antibiotischen Therapie auf Clarithomycin für 6 Wochen.
Ossäre Metastase eines Adenokarzinom an einer Fingerphalanx
Authors: Millrose Michael , Buehren Volker , Heidenreich Christoph
Published: July 2018

Fallbericht

Eine 50-jährige Patientin stellte sich im Januar 2017 mit einer stark schmerzhaften Verdickung des linken Ringfingers in der Sprechstunde vor. Diese Schwellung
bestand bereits seit ca. sechs Monaten. Ein auslösendes Trauma war ihr nicht erinnerlich.
Degenerative Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk bei MMA-Kämpfern – Eine MRT Studie im Vergleich zu Boxern
Authors: Mayer Constantin , Hilsmann Falk , Wiechmann Gerald Julius , Zilkens Christoph , Krauspe Rüdiger , Schleich Christoph
Published: July 2018

Hintergrund: Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) ist eine Kombination verschiedener Kampfsportarten. Akute Verletzungen sind bekannt und in der Literatur allgemein
beschrieben. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es kaum Erkenntnisse über degenerative Veränderungen am muskuloskelettalen System. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Bestimmung
des Einflusses von beim MMA genutzten Techniken auf das Auftreten degenerativer Veränderungen im Vergleich zum klassischen Boxen.

Methoden: Hierzu wurden 11 MMA-Kämpfer und 10 Boxer mit chronischen Handgelenkschmerzen klinisch untersucht. Alter, Gewicht, Erfahrung, Anzahl der Kämpfe
und wöchentliche Trainingsstunden wurden erfragt. Um die degenerativen Veränderungen zu bestimmen, wurde ein MRT der schmerzhaften Hand ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse: Erfahrung, Niveau des Wettbewerbs und Anzahl der Kämpfe waren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich in beiden Sportgruppen (p < 0,05), jedoch
trainierten die MMA-Kämpfer signifikant mehr Stunden pro Woche (19,5 vs. 8,5 h/w; p < 0,001). Allerdings hatten die MMA-Kämpfer öfter und schwerwiegendere
degenerative Veränderungen an allen untersuchten Strukturen (Knochen, Faserknorpel, Bänder und Sehnen). In der Kategorie „Knochen“ waren die Unterschiede
signifikant (p = 0,002).

Schlussfolgerung: MMA-Kämpfer zeigen eine höhere Inzidenz und einen höheren Grad an degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk. Genaue Erklärungen
sind noch nicht bekannt. Weitere Forschung wird benötigt, um den Einfluss der Techniken auf die Schwere der degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk
zu bestimmen.
Synthesis of Pentapyrazolyl, Pentapyrrolyl, and Pentaanilino C60 Derivatives
Authors: Troshin Pavel , Gan Liangbing , Lou Ning , Kraevaya Olga
Published: July 2018

Unlike the facile addition of aliphatic amines to fullerenes, heteroaromatic compounds with NH group do not react directly with pristine fullerenes. The present work reports the preparation of several cyclopentadienyl type [60]fullerene derivatives with pyrazole and pyrrole addends through replacement reactions of C60Cl6 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide. The method has also been applied for the synthesis of aniline and methoxyamine [60]fullerene cyclopentadienyl type adducts. Radical species were involved in the reaction mechanism.
Antithrombin III Kumamoto: Identification of a Point Mutation and Genotype Analysis of the Family
Authors: Ueyama Hidetsugu , Murakami Tatsufumi , Nishiguchi Seiji , Maeda Shuichiro , Hashimoto Yoichiro , Okajima Kenji , Shimada Kazunori , Araki Shukuro
Published: July 2018

We previously reported a variant antithrombin III (AT III Kumamoto) associated with a 31-year-old female who suffered from recurrent thrombotic episodes (1). To define the molecular basis for the variant AT III, we used a combination of genomic amplification followed by cloning, sequencing, and hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We obtained evidence for a cytosine to thymine transition in exon 2 (codon 47) of the AT III gene in the proband. This mutation converts arginine 47 to cysteine. Oligonucleotide hybridization procedures were used for confirmation of the mutation and for genotype analysis of the family members
The Effect of Lysed Platelets on Neutralization of Heparin In Vitro with Protamine as Measured by the Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
Authors: Bode Arthur P , Castellani William J , Hodges Edna D , Yelverton Susan
Published: July 2018

The effect of lysed platelets on the activated coagulation time (ACT) was studied in heparinized whole blood during titration with protamine. Frozen-thawed washed platelet suspension, or a chromatography fraction thereof, or autologous frozen-thawed platelet-rich plasma was added in various dilutions to freshly drawn blood anticoagulated with 3,000 USP units/1 heparin. After a 10 min incubation, the amount of protamine needed to restore the ACT to baseline ("protamine titration dose") was determined. We found that the protamine titration dose decreased in proportion to the amount of lysed platelet material added; expressed as a percentage of the total number of platelets present, each unit increase in lysed platelets produced a 1.7% ±0.8 (SD) reduction in the protamine dose needed to normalize the ACT. A heparin activity assay showed that this effect was not due to antiheparin activity of lysed platelets such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Our data indicate that the procoagulant activity of platelet membranes reduced the sensitivity of the ACT to heparin. These findings suggest that membranous platelet microparticles may cause an inaccurate calculation, based on the ACT, of a protamine dose to reverse heparin anticoagulation in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.
Variable Effects of Radiological Contrast Media on Thrombus Growth in a Rabbit Jugular Vein Thrombosis Model
Authors: Levi Marcel , Biemond Bart J , Sturk Augueste , Hoek Jaap , ten Cate Jan Wouter
Published: July 2018

We studied the effect of an ionic high osmolar contrast medium (Ioxitalamate), an ionic low osmolar contrast medium (Ioxaglate) and various nonionic low osmolar contrast media (Iopamidol, Iopromide and Iohexol) on thrombus growth in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model. Thrombus growth was determined by the accretion of 125I-labeled fibrinogen onto autologous preformed thrombi in rabbit jugular veins at various time-intervals from 15 min up to 10 h after infusion of the study solution.

The ionic low osmolar contrast medium markedly inhibited thrombus growth whereas all nonionic low osmolar contrast media promoted thrombus growth. The ionic high osmolar contrast medium inhibited thrombus growth, but less than the ionic low osmolar contrast medium. Within the group of nonionic contrast media, the Iopamidol associated promotion of thrombus growth was significantly higher than the Iopromide or Iohexol associated effects. The simultaneous administration of the apparently most potent thrombus growth promoting contrast medium (i.e. Iopamidol) and heparin resulted in complete abolishment of the increase in thrombus growth.

These results support the claims of prothrombotic properties of nonionic as compared to ionic contrast media and could explain the clinically encountered thromboembolic complications after the use of nonionic low osmolar contrast media.
Low Levels of the Anticoagulant Activity of Protein C in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency: an Inhibitor of Protein C Is Present in Uremic Plasma
Authors: Faioni Elena M , Franchi Franca , Krachmalnicoff Alessandro , Valsecchi Carla , Viganò Gian Luigi , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio
Published: July 2018

Twenty-nine of 54 uremic patients had low levels of protein C measured as anticoagulant activity, contrasting with normal levels measured as amidolytic activity or antigenic concentration. We demonstrate that this discrepancy is due to the presence of a soluble plasma inhibitor that interferes specifically with the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C. The inhibitor does not interfere with other coagulation assays. It is resistent to diisopropylfluorophosphate, high temperatures and repeated freezing and thawing. It can be dissociated from protein C by anti-protein C antibodies or by dialysis in vitro and in vivo. It binds to positively charged resins and can be eluted with high salt concentrations without losing its inhibitory capacity. The inhibitory effect is correlated with plasma creatinine levels and fluctuates with time.
PAI-1 Plays an Important Role in the Expression of t-PA Activity in the Euglobulin Clot Lysis by Controlling the Concentration of Free t-PA
Authors: Urano Tetsumei , Sumiyoshi Kenichi , Pietraszek Michal H , Takada Yumiko , Takada Akikazu
Published: July 2018

The antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were assayed in the plasma and in the euglobulin fraction, and their contributions to the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) and t-PA activity were analyzed. Total and free PAI-1 levels in both fractions showed significant positive correlation with ECLT (p <0.001), whereas t-PA antigen level did not have a high correlation coefficient with ECLT. t-PA activity showed significant negative correlation with ECLT (p <0.001) and positive correlation with free t-PA level (p <0.001), which was calculated by the ratio of the concentrations of t-PA-PAI-1 complex and the free PAI-1. Thus free t-PA seems to dissolve the euglobulin clot and its concentration seems to be controlled by the concentration of free PAI-1. These findings were confirmed by the analyses of the effects of C1-inactivator and antibody against t-PA to regular ECLT and kaolin activated ECLT, the latter of which was only inhibited by the addition of C1-inactivator whereas the former was inhibited by anti-t-PA antibody.
Mechanism of Action of a Potent Antiplatelet Peptide, Triflavin from Trimeresurus flavoviridis Snake Venom
Authors: Huang Tur-Fu , Sheu Joen-Rong , Teng Che-Ming
Published: July 2018

Triflavin, an antiplatelet peptide from Trimeresurus flavoviridis snake venom, inhibits aggregation of human platelets stimulated by a variety of agonists. However, triflavin does not affect the shape change and release reaction of platelets stimulated by thrombin and collagen. In this paper, we further investigate its effect on the intracellular events occurring after the activation of platelets. Triflavin does not inhibit the intracellular free calcium rise of Quin 2-AM loaded platelets stimulated by thrombin and it also has no significant effect on thromboxane B2 formation of platelets stimulated by thrombin. Triflavin does not affect the 3(H)-inositol monophosphate formation of the 3(H)-myoinositol loaded platelets. However, triflavin dose-dependently inhibits fibrinogen-induced aggregation and 125I-fibrinogen binding of ADP-stimulated platelets. In addition, triflavin dose-dependently blocks fibrinogen-induced aggregation of elastase-treated platelets. It is concluded that triflavin specifically inhibits fibrinogen binding to fibrinogen receptors associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex on platelet membrane surface without any inhibitory effect on the platelet-activation process.