bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLT1 gene delivery based on bone marrow-derived cells ameliorates motor function and survival in a mouse model of ALS
Authors: Ohashi Natsuko , Terashima Tomoya , Katagi Miwako , Nakae Yuki , Okano Junko , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Kojima Hideto
Published: June 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease. CD68-positive bone marrow (BM)-derived cells (BMDCs) accumulate in the pathological lesion in the SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model after BM transplantation (BMT). Therefore, we investigated whether BMDCs can be applied as gene carriers for cell-based gene therapy by employing the accumulation of BMDCs. In ALS mice, YFP reporter signals were observed in 12–14% of white blood cells (WBCs) and in the spinal cord via transplantation of BM after lentiviral vector (LV) infection. After confirmation of gene transduction by LV with the CD68 promoter in 4–7% of WBCs and in the spinal cord of ALS mice, BM cells were infected with LVs expressing glutamate transporter (GLT) 1 that protects neurons from glutamate toxicity, driven by the CD68 promoter, which were transplanted into ALS mice. The treated mice showed improvement of motor behaviors and prolonged survival. Additionally, interleukin (IL)-1β was significantly suppressed, and IL-4, arginase 1, and FIZZ were significantly increased in the mice. These results suggested that GLT1 expression by BMDCs improved the spinal cord environment. Therefore, our gene therapy strategy may be applied to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS in which BMDCs accumulate in the pathological lesion by BMT.
ELV-N32 and RvD6 isomer decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, senescence programming, ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2-spike protein RBD binding in injured cornea
Authors: Pham Thang L. , He Jiucheng , Kakazu Azucena H. , Calandria Jorgelina , Do Khanh V. , Nshimiyimana Robert , Lam Ting F. , Petasis Nicos A. , Bazan Haydee E. P. , Bazan Nicolas G.
Published: June 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a pandemic affecting the most vulnerable in society, triggering a public health crisis and economic collapse around the world. Effective treatments to mitigate this viral infection are needed. Since the eye is a route of virus entrance, we use an in vivo rat model of corneal inflammation as well as human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) in culture challenged with IFNγ as models of the eye surface to study this issue. We explore ways to block the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We found that the lipid mediators, elovanoid (ELV)-N32 or Resolvin D6-isomer (RvD6i) decreased the expression of the ACE2 receptor, furin, and integrins in damaged corneas or IFNγ-stimulated HCEC. There was also a concomitant decrease in the binding of Spike RBD with the lipid treatments. Using RNA-seq analysis, we uncovered that the lipid mediators also attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatoy cytokines participating in hyper-inflammation and senescence programming. Thus, the bioactivity of these lipid mediators will contribute to open therapeutic avenues to counteract virus attachment and entrance to the body.
X-chromosomal STR based genetic polymorphisms and demographic history of Sri Lankan ethnicities and their relationship with global populations
Authors: Perera Nandika , Galhena Gayani , Ranawaka Gaya
Published: June 2021

A new 16 X-short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex PCR system has recently been developed for Sr Lankans, though its applicability in evolutionary genetics and forensic investigations has not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, 838 unrelated individuals covering all four major ethnic groups (Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Moors) in Sri Lanka were successfully genotyped using this new multiplex system. The results indicated a high forensic efficiency for the tested loci in all four ethnicities confirming its suitability for forensic applications of Sri Lankans. Allele frequency distribution of Indian Tamils showed subtle but statistically significant differences from those of Sinhalese and Moors, in contrast to frequency distributions previously reported for autosomal STR alleles. This suggest a sex biased demographic history among Sri Lankans requiring a separate X-STR allele frequency database for Indian Tamils. Substantial differences observed in the patterns of LD among the four groups demand the use of a separate haplotype frequency databases for each individual ethnicity. When analysed together with other 14 world populations, all Sri Lankan ethnicities except Indian Tamils clustered closely with populations from Indian Bhil tribe, Bangladesh and Europe reflecting their shared Indo-Aryan ancestry.
Synergistic effects of bast fiber seedling film and nano-silicon fertilizer to increase the lodging resistance and yield of rice
Authors: Gong Diankai , Zhang Xue , Yao JiPan , Dai Guijin , Yu Guangxing , Zhu Qian , Gao Qi , Zheng Wenjing
Published: June 2021

The use of bast fiber film can improve rice seedling quality, and nano-silicon fertilizer can increase rice yields. This study aimed to compare the effects of using bast fiber film, nano-silicon fertilizer, and both treatments on rice yield and lodging resistance. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018, in Liaoning, China. The experiment comprised a control (no-bast fiber film, no nano-silicon fertilizer; CK), and three treatments: seedlings cultivated with bast film (FM), single nano-silicon fertilization (SF), and bast fiber film seedlings + nano-silicon fertilization (FM + SF). The japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Liaojing 371 was used. Compared with the plants in CK, those in the FM treatment showed greater average root diameter, root volume and root dry weight. The SF treatment increased the single stem flexural strength, increased the contents of silicon, lignin, and cellulose in the rice plant stalk, and reduced the lodging index, thereby increasing lodging resistance. The SF treatment resulted in increased leaf chlorophyll content at late growth stage and a higher net photosynthetic rate, which increased plant dry matter accumulation. In the FM + SF treatment, plant growth was enhanced during the whole growth period, which resulted in an increased number of effective panicles and an increased grain yield. The results show that the combination of FM and SF synergistically improves rice lodging resistance and grain yield. This low-cost, high-efficiency system is of great significance for improving the stability and lodging resistance of rice plants, thereby increasing yields.
Menstrual flow as a non-invasive source of endometrial organoids
Authors: Cindrova-Davies Tereza , Zhao Xiaohui , Elder Kay , Jones Carolyn J. P. , Moffett Ashley , Burton Graham J. , Turco Margherita Y.
Published: June 2021

Assessment of the endometrium often necessitates a biopsy, which currently involves an invasive, transcervical procedure. Here, we present an alternative technique based on deriving organoids from menstrual flow. We demonstrate that organoids can be derived from gland fragments recovered from menstrual flow. To confirm they faithfully reflect the in vivo state we compared organoids derived from paired scratch biopsies and ensuing menstrual flow from patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). We demonstrate that the two sets of organoids share the same transcriptome signature, derivation efficiency and proliferation rate. Furthermore, they respond similarly to sex steroids and early-pregnancy hormones, with changes in morphology, receptor expression, and production of ‘uterine milk’ proteins that mimic those during the late-secretory phase and early pregnancy. This technique has wide-ranging impact for non-invasive investigation and personalised approaches to treatment of common gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, including failed implantation after IVF and recurrent miscarriage.
NMR Principles of Paramagnetic Materials
Authors: Peng L. , Clément R. J. , Lin M. , Yang Y.
Published: June 2021

This chapter gives a general introduction to NMR interactions in solids. More details on paramagnetic interactions of NMR, often dominating the spectra of paramagnetic solids, are then presented. A brief introduction to the first-principles calculations for NMR spectra of paramagnetic solids is also provided, which play an important role in spectral assignments.
Cross-triggered and cascaded recycling amplification system for electrochemical detection of circulating microRNA in human serum
Authors: Dou Baoting , Zhou Hui , Hong Yajun , Zhao Liming , Wang Po
Published: June 2021

An innovative cross-triggered and cascaded recycling amplification system was developed for sensitive electrochemical detection of circulating miRNA in complex serum samples.
Rh-catalyzed tunable defluorinative borylation
Authors: Hao Fei , Shang Xueyun , Liu Zhenwei , Zhang He , Lin Jin-Hong , Xiao Ji-Chang
Published: June 2021

Described herein is a Rh-catalyzed tunable defluorinative borylation of allylic gem-difluorides to provide allylborylated and homoallylborylated monofluoroalkenes.
Imidazolium labelling permits the sensitive mass-spectrometric detection of N-glycosides directly from serum
Authors: Zhang Yao-Yao , Ghirardello Mattia , Wang Ting , Lu Ai-Min , Liu Li , Voglmeir Josef , Galan M. Carmen
Published: June 2021

A novel imidazolium derivative (GITag) shows superior ionisation and therefore allows increased mass spectrometric detection capabilities, herein demonstrated by directly labelling human serum N-glycans without sample pretreatment or cleanup steps.
Through-space charge transfer dendrimers employing oxygen-bridged triarylboron acceptors for efficient deep-blue electroluminescence
Authors: Du Baoyun , Wang Xingdong , Chen Fan , Yang Qingqing , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong
Published: June 2021

Through-space charge transfer dendrimers containing oxygen-bridged triarylboron acceptors are demonstrated for efficient deep-blue electroluminescence by solution process.
Construction of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine@mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride composite for efficient photocatalytic CO2reduction
Authors: Li Hongwei , Xu Wei , Qian Jinjie , Li Ting-Ting
Published: June 2021

A 0D/2D polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine@mesoporous g-C3N4assembly is preparedviaa versatilein situpolymerization strategy, and it shows remarkable photocatalytic performance towards CO2reduction.
Efficient synergism of V2O5 and Pd for alkaline methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Chang Yajun , Li Dongze , Feng Ligang , Zhang Baogang
Published: June 2021

Efficient synergism of high valence state V and Pd nanoparticles imparted their high catalytic performance and anti-poisoning ability for alkaline methanol electrooxidation.
New graphane: inspiration from the structure correlation with phosphorene
Authors: He Linxin , Li Xinxin , Zhu Xin , Luo Jianglei , Chen Zhiqian , Li Chunmei
Published: June 2021

Four new graphane conformers (γδ-G, βγ-G, αγ-G and αδ-G) have been predicted and their hydrogenation modes, and electronic and mechanical properties have been discussed.
Mobility of bound water in PNIPAM microgels
Authors: Kyrey Tetyana , Witte Judith , Lutzki Jana , Zamponi Michaela , Wellert Stefan , Holderer Olaf
Published: June 2021

Quasielastic neutron scattering techniques shed light on the motion and interaction of small amounts of water in the crosslinked PNIPAM microgels on microscopic length and time scales.
Phonon, plasmon and electronic properties of surfaces and interfaces of periodic W/Si and Si/W multilayers
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Kozakov Alexey T. , Nezhdanov Aleksey V. , Garakhin Sergey A. , Polkovnikov Vladimir N. , Chkhalo Nikolay I. , Mashin Aleksandr I. , Nikolskii Anatolay V. , Scrjabin Anton A.
Published: June 2021

The fine structure revealed that the interface of W/Si multilayers consists of metal-enriched tungsten silicide and the atomic structure of silicide was modified with a change in the thickness of the Si layers.
Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications
Authors: Yu Dongkun , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: June 2021

Various eutectic systems including eutectic metals, eutectic salts, and deep eutectic solvents have been proposed and applied in engineering, energy and environmental fields.
Identification of octahedral coordinated ZrN12+ cationic clusters by mass spectrometry and structure searches
Authors: Ding Kewei , Chen Hujie , Xu Hongguang , Yang Bin , Ge Zhongxue , Lu Cheng , Zheng Weijun
Published: June 2021

Octahedral coordinated ZrN12+ cationic clusters are identified by mass spectrometry and structure searches.
Base-promoted perfluoroalkylation of rhodium(iii) porphyrin complexes
Authors: Fu Li-Jie , An Bo-Hsun , Chou Chih-Hsuan , Chen Chi-Min , To Ching Tat
Published: June 2021

The syntheses of primary, secondary and benzylic perfluoroalkyl rhodium(iii) porphyrin complexes are described.
New avenues for mechanochemistry in zeolite science
Authors: Rainer Daniel N. , Morris Russell E.
Published: June 2021

Recent advances of mechanochemical methods in the field of zeolite science are reviewed and their future potential highlighted.
New frontiers: 1,4-diphosphinines and P-bridged bis(NHCs)
Authors: Welideniya Dhanushi , Ramachandran Mridhul R. K. , Kalisch Tim , Streubel Rainer
Published: June 2021

This review describes synthetic concepts and breakthroughs in 1,4-diphosphinine and related P-bridged bis(NHCs). Starting from monocyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines the most promising achievements of tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines and related bis(NHCs) are covered.
Laser spectroscopic and computational insights into unexpected structural behaviours of sandwich complexes upon ionization
Authors: Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Tzeng Sheng-Yuan , Rychagova Elena A. , Markin Gennady V. , Makarov Sergei G. , Tzeng Wen-Bih
Published: June 2021

Laser spectroscopy of mixed sandwich complexes reveals surprising differences in geometry variations upon ionization. DFT calculations unveil the key role of ionic interactions and inhomogeneous electron density deformations in the observed effects.
Progress and prospects of the morphology of non-fullerene acceptor based high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhang Ming , Zhong Wenkai , Leng Shifeng , Zhou Guanqing , Zou Yecheng , Su Xuan , Ding Han , Gu Peiyang , Liu Feng , Zhang Yongming
Published: June 2021

This review summarizes the important morphological characteristics and recent research progress of non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells, as well as provides insights and perspectives on this topic.
Enzyme immobilisation on wood-derived cellulose scaffolds via carbohydrate-binding module fusion constructs
Authors: Roberts A. D. , Payne K. A. P. , Cosgrove S. , Tilakaratna V. , Penafiel I. , Finnigan W. , Turner N. J. , Scrutton N. S.
Published: June 2021

Enzyme-CBM fusion constructs immobilised on wood-derived cellulose scaffolds: a sustainable approach for continuous flow biocatalysis.
An eco-friendly biomass pretreatment strategy utilizing reusable enzyme mimicking nanoparticles for lignin depolymerization and biofuel production
Authors: Rajak Rajiv Chandra , Saha Pathikrit , Singhvi Mamata , Kwak Darae , Kim Danil , Lee Huijeong , Deshmukh Aarti R. , Bu Yingjie , Kim Beom Soo
Published: June 2021

Lignin degradation from corn cob utilizing doped nanoparticles for biofuel and biochemical production.
Interaction of Tau construct K18 with model lipid membranes
Authors: Azouz Mehdi , Feuillie Cécile , Lafleur Michel , Molinari Michaël , Lecomte Sophie
Published: June 2021

AFM imaging of model membranes of controlled composition in interaction with Tau construct K18 showed PIP2 induced K18 fibrillization.
Efficient photogeneration of nonacene on nanostructured graphene
Authors: Ayani Cosme G. , Pisarra Michele , Urgel José I. , Navarro Juan Jesús , Díaz Cristina , Hayashi Hironobu , Yamada Hiroko , Calleja Fabian , Miranda Rodolfo , Fasel Roman , Martín Fernando , Vázquez de Parga Amadeo L.
Published: June 2021

The presence of an unoccupied surface state resonantly coupled to the π* affinity levels of the precursors, spatially localized in the regions where the precursors are adsorbed, produces 100% yield in the photogeneration of nonacenes.
A thorough investigation of photo-catalytic degradation of ortho and para-nitro phenols in binary mixtures: new insights into evaluating degradation progress using chemometrics approaches
Authors: Sajjadi S. Maryam , Asadollah-pour Zeinab , Sajjadi S. Hashem , Nabavi S. Nasrin , Abed Zahra , Farzin Faezeh , Emadi Atefeh , Abdous Behnaz
Published: June 2021

Coupling experimental design and multivariate MCR-ALS methods to optimize the degradation processes of nitrophenols possessing acid–base property in binary systems.
Defects in ferroelectric HfO2
Authors: Chouprik Anastasia , Negrov Dmitrii , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Zenkevich Andrei
Published: June 2021

Following introduction to defects in classical ferroelectrics as well as in dielectric HfO2, this review covers recent experimental results on the impact of defects in ferroelectric HfO2on its functional properties and resulting performance of memory devices.
A lysosome-targeted near-infrared photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and two-photon fluorescence imaging
Authors: Tu Yinuo , Xia Weikang , Wu Xu , Wang Lei
Published: June 2021

Two-photon fluorescence imaging and efficient photodynamic therapy of tumors by a lysosome-targeted near-infrared photosensitizer (TTR) are presented.
POSS-based starlike hybrid helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s: their synthesis, self-assembly, and enantioselective crystallization ability
Authors: Zou Hui , Li Qian-Wei , Wu Qi-Liang , Liang Wen-Quan , Hou Xiao-Hua , Zhou Li , Liu Na , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: June 2021

Well-defined starlike hybrid helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s with POSS cores were designed and synthesized, and their self-assembly behaviour and enantioselective crystallization ability were investigated.
One-pot synthesis of Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals based on thermodynamic equilibrium
Authors: Hu Xudong , Li Yuelei , Wu Ye , Chen Weiwei , Zeng Haibo , Li Xiaoming
Published: June 2021

Cs3Cu2I5 NCs with a high PLQY approaching 72.6% are synthesized using a unique one-pot method through chemical potential modulation. The reaction yield reaches 69.4% and indicates the potential mass production for practical applications.
Progress in dynamic emissivity regulation: control methods, material systems, and applications
Authors: Li Ziqi , Chen Wei
Published: June 2021

Recent advances in dynamic emissivity regulating materials and systems are reviewed in terms of the working principle, stimulation source, and application. Perspectives in dynamic control of emissivity are discussed.
One-step-immunoassay of procalcitonin enables rapid and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection
Authors: Oh Jae-Hwan , Kwon Jung-Hyuk , Kim Hye-Hyun , Lee Jeewon
Published: June 2021

An advanced one-step-immunoassay enables quick and accurate diagnosis of sepsis with generation of clear optical signals in assay solution, which is based on sensitive detection of procalcitonin in patient sera.
Electroactive macromolecular motors as model materials of ectotherm muscles
Authors: Otero Toribio Fernández
Published: June 2021

Macromolecular motors from model materials of ectotherm muscles work as electro-chemo-mechanical and thermo-mechanical transducers harvesting, above 35 °C, up to 60% of the reaction energy from the thermal environment saving chemical energy.
Supramolecular D⋯A-layered structures based on germanium complexes with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and N,N′-bidentate ligands
Authors: Shangin Pavel G. , Krylova Irina V. , Lalov Andrey V. , Kozmenkova Anna Y. , Saverina Evgeniya A. , Buikin Petr A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Starikova Alyona A. , Nikolaevskaya Elena N. , Egorov Mikhail P. , Syroeshkin Mikhail A.
Published: June 2021

The concept of using redox-active ligands is often considered from ‘their effect on the metal center properties’ point of view. We present the reverse side of this approach – change of redox properties of ligands under the influence of metal.
Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as effective electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Nguyen De , Van Huynh Tuan , Nguyen Vinh Son , Doan Cao Phuong-Lien , Nguyen Hai Truong , Wei Tzu-Chien , Tran Phuong Hoang , Nguyen Phuong Tuyet
Published: June 2021

Electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells remain a challenge for large-scale production and commercialization, hindering the wide application of solar cells.
Non-covalent assembly of proton donors and p-benzoquinone anions for co-electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen
Authors: Hooe Shelby L. , Cook Emma N. , Reid Amelia G. , Machan Charles W.
Published: June 2021

Non-covalent interactions between reduced p-benzoquinone species and weak acids stabilize intermediates which can switch dioxygen reduction selectivity from H2O2 to H2O for a molecular Mn catalyst.
Experimental and computational studies of the mechanism of iron-catalysed C–H activation/functionalisation with allyl electrophiles
Authors: DeMuth Joshua C. , Song Zhihui , Carpenter Stephanie H. , Boddie Theresa E. , Radović Aleksa , Baker Tessa M. , Gutierrez Osvaldo , Neidig Michael L.
Published: June 2021

Experimental and computational studies support an inner-sphere radical pathway for iron-catalysed C–H activation/functionalisation with allyl electrophiles.
Diverse protein manipulations with genetically encoded glutamic acid benzyl ester
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Miao Hui , Xiao Ruotong , Wang Luyao , Zhao Yan , Wu Qifan , Ji Yanli , Du Juanjuan , Qin Hongqiang , Xuan Weimin
Published: June 2021

Herein, we genetically encode an esterified glutamic acid analogue (BnE) into proteins, and demonstrate that BnE can be applied in different types of site-specific protein modifications.
Ni(0)-promoted activation of Csp2–H and Csp2–O bonds
Authors: Min Sehye , Choi Jonghoon , Yoo Changho , Graham Peter M. , Lee Yunho
Published: June 2021

A structurally rigidified nickel(0) complex was found to be capable of cleaving both C(sp2)–H and C(sp2)–O bonds.
Design and recognition of cucurbituril-secured platinum-bound oligopeptides
Authors: Barbero Héctor , Masson Eric
Published: June 2021

A platinum terpyridyl complex, pentapeptide Phe-(Gly)3-Cys and cucurbit[8]uril assemble into a “pendant necklace” with hybrid head-to-head and head-to-tail arrangements in aqueous medium.
Mechanistic study on the reaction of pinB-BMes2with alkynes based on experimental investigation and DFT calculations: gradual change of mechanism depending on the substituent
Authors: Wu Linlin , Kojima Chiemi , Lee Ka-Ho , Morisako Shogo , Lin Zhenyang , Yamashita Makoto
Published: June 2021

Combination of kinetic and DFT studies revealed a subtle balance for substituent effect toward the regioselectivity of the product in metal-free and base-catalyzed diboration of arylacetylenes.
Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: is endothelial dysfunction at the heart of the matter?
Authors: Ching Crizza , Gustafson Dakota , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Fish Jason E.
Published: June 2021

Significant improvements in cancer survival have brought to light unintended long-term adverse cardiovascular effects associated with cancer treatment. Although capable of manifesting a broad range of cardiovascular complications, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains particularly common among the mainstay anthracycline-based and human epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapies. Unfortunately, the early asymptomatic stages of CTRCD are difficult to detect by cardiac imaging alone, and the initiating mechanisms remain incompletely understood. More recently, circulating inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered as early markers of cardiovascular injury. Concomitantly, the role of the endothelium in regulating cardiac function in the context of CTRCD is starting to be understood. In this review, we highlight the impact of breast cancer therapies on the cardiovascular system with a focus on the endothelium, and examine the status of circulating biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and endothelial cell-derived EVs. Investigation of these emerging biomarkers may uncover mechanisms of injury, detect early stages of cardiovascular damage, and elucidate novel therapeutic approaches.
Oligodendrocytes in the aging brain
Authors: Sams Eleanor Catherine
Published: June 2021

More than half of the human brain volume is made up of white matter: regions where axons are coated in myelin, which primarily functions to increase the conduction speed of axon potentials. White matter volume significantly decreases with age, correlating with cognitive decline. Much research in the field of non-pathological brain aging mechanisms has taken a neuron-centric approach, with relatively little attention paid to other neural cells. This review discusses white matter changes, with focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their ability to produce and maintain myelin to support normal brain homoeostasis. Improved understanding of intrinsic cellular changes, general senescence mechanisms, intercellular interactions and alterations in extracellular environment which occur with aging and impact oligodendrocyte cells is paramount. This may lead to strategies to support oligodendrocytes in aging, for example by supporting myelin synthesis, protecting against oxidative stress and promoting the rejuvenation of the intrinsic regenerative potential of progenitor cells. Ultimately, this will enable the protection of white matter integrity thus protecting cognitive function into the later years of life.
Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Constant Therapy in the Treatment of Clients With Dementia: Implications for Telepractice
Authors: Edgar Debra L. , Bargmann Peggy L.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article was to advance interventions for person living with dementia by exploring the implications of integrating technology through telepractice to strengthen memory in clients with dementia. This study focused on individualized treatment plans using the software Constant Therapy (CT) for clients with dementia.

Method

This study utilizes an exploratory research design with nonprobability sampling of existing data analyzing the frequency, duration, and percent correct of CT exercises completed from two case studies of persons living with dementia. This study received exempt status for institutional review board approval from the Florida Department of Health, since it is secondary research. One participant had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and the other participant had vascular dementia. Both clients utilized CT as part of the clinical services provided by the University of Central Florida's Communication Sciences and Disorders Clinic at Brain Fitness Academy.

Results

The results of this exploratory research study indicate that both participants demonstrated an increase in percentage correct on CT exercises from baseline to current (Participant 1, 70%, and Participant 2, 50%). A substantial disparity of exercises completed confirms the necessity of an individualized treatment plan based on a specific type of dementia. Both participants demonstrated a 631% and 632% increase respectively in exercises completed at home versus in the clinic. This finding is especially significant as it relates to telepractice.

Conclusion

This study adds to the literature that clients with dementia demonstrate substantial improvement in global cognitive function when speech-language pathologists provide skilled individualized services using the digital software CT, whether in traditional or remote clinic settings.
Ka‐band coupled‐resonator bandpass filter based on printed ridge gap waveguide for millimetre‐wave application
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Xu Feng
Published: June 2021

A low‐loss Ka‐band coupled‐resonator bandpass filter based on the printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology is presented for millimetre‐wave communication applications. The PRGW is employed to allow electromagnetic‐wave propagation in the air gap in order to avoid dielectric loss and improve transmission performance which is suitable for millimetre‐wave applications. The bandpass filter is implemented with two transmission zeros which are easily obtained by adjusting the stub length of two T‐shape stub‐loaded resonators (SLR). From its simulation frequency response, the filter has an insertion loss of 0.8 dB, a return loss less than −20 dB during the passband and high selectivity in cut‐off frequency. The prototype of the proposed filter is fabricated and tested and a good agreement can be observed between the measured and simulated results.
Tensor dimensionality reduction via mode product and HSIC
Authors: Niu Guo , Ma Zhengming
Published: June 2021

Tensor dimensionality reduction (TDR) is a hot research topic in machine learning, which learns data representations by preserving the original data structure while avoiding convert samples into vectors and solving the problem of the curse of dimensionality of tensor data. In the work, a novel TDR approach based on mode product and Hilbert–Schmidt Independence criterion (HSIC) is proposed. The contributions of authors' work is described as following: (1) HSIC measures the statistical correlation of two random variables. However, instead of measuring the statistical correlation of two random variables directly, HSIC first transforms the two random variables into two reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs), and then measures the statistical correlation of transformed random variables by using Hilbert–Schmidt operators between the two RKHSs. The exploitation of RKHS increases the flexibility and applicability of HSIC. Although HSIC is widely used in machine learning, the authors have not seen its application to dimensionality reduction (DR)(except for authors' previous work). (2) A novel HSIC‐based TDR approach is proposed, which first applies HSIC to capture statistical information of tensor data set for DR. The authors give the mathematical derivation of HSIC for tensor data and establish a framework of TDR based on HSIC, named HSIC‐TDR for short, which aims to improve the DR results of tensor by exploring and preserving the statistical information of original data set. (3) Furthermore, to solve the out‐of‐sample problem, the authors learn an explicit expression between the dimensionality‐reduced tensors and the higher‐dimensional tensors by introducing mode product to HSIC‐TDR. The experimental results between the proposed method and other state‐of‐the‐art algorithm on various datasets demonstrate the well performance of the proposed method.
A novel doubly‐fed doubly‐salient machine with DC‐saturation‐relieving structure for wind power generation
Authors: Jiang Jifu , Zhang Xiaodong , Niu Shuangxia , Zhao Xing
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a novel doubly‐fed doubly‐salient machine (DF‐DSM) with DC‐saturation‐relieving effect for wind power generation application, which possesses the advantages of enhanced torque density, reduced torque ripple and improved power density. The key is that PMs are introduced into the stator slot openings to mitigate the saturation effect in stator core caused by DC field excitation, and relatively large excitation current can be fed into stator field windings, which contributes to improved power density of machine. In addition, with the armature winding artificially connected, the reluctance of all magnetic paths is kept the same, and the variation of self‐inductance is compensated, and the torque ripple is greatly suppressed. In this paper, the machine structure and DC‐saturation‐relieving working principle are introduced. The slot‐pole combinations are analysed, and dimension parameters are optimized. By using time‐stepping finite‐element analysis, the electromagnetic performance of optimal machine is evaluated which verifies the validity of the proposed design.
The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review
Authors: MacMillan Phoebe , Teixeira Generosa , Lopes Carlos M. , Monteiro Ana
Published: June 2021

Worldwide, there are thousands ofVitis viniferagrape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses.V. viniferaxylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.
Zusammenhang zwischen dem Lesen nicht-medizinischer Bücher mit Burnout und beruflicher Zufriedenheit bei Urologen mit Migrationshintergrund – Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an deutschen Kliniken
Authors: May Matthias , Shaar Mohammad , Gumz Antje , Shaar Atef , Necknig Ulrike Hendrika , Braun Kay-Patrick , Deutsch Sebastian , Lebentrau Steffen
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Es liegen aktuell keine Studienergebnisse zur privaten und beruflichen Zufriedenheit sowie zum Burnout-Risiko von Urologe*innen mit Migrationshintergrund an deutschen Kliniken vor. Der Einfluss des Lesens nicht-medizinischer Bücher auf geringere Burnout-Raten bei Ärzte*innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen wurde beschrieben.

Material und Methoden Ein Survey-Monkey mit 101 Items zu charakterisierenden Kriterien des Studienteilnehmers, Fragen zur privaten und beruflichen Zufriedenheit und dem vollständigen Maslach-Burnout-Inventary wurde zwischen August und Oktober 2020 für Urologe*innen mit Migrationshintergrund an deutschen Kliniken geöffnet. Der Einfluss des Lesens nicht-medizinischer Bücher auf berufliche Zufriedenheit und Burnout wurde vergleichend untersucht (Gruppe A: ≤1 Buch/12 Monate versus Gruppe B: ≥2 Bücher/12 Monate).

Ergebnisse 81 Studienteilnehmer konnten eingeschlossen werden, die
nahezu paritätisch in den Gruppen A (49,4%) und B (50,6%) verteilt waren. In mehreren
Items der privaten und beruflichen Zufriedenheit bestand eine signifikant höhere
Zufriedenheit in der Gruppe B. In den Burnout-Dimensionen emotionale Erschöpfung (EE),
Depersonalisation (DP) und Verringerung der persönlichen Leistungsfähigkeit (VL) lag bei
27,9%, 35,3% bzw. 73,5% der Studienteilnehmer ein hohes Burnout-Risiko vor. Im
Gruppenvergleich bestanden in der VL-Dimension signifikante Vorteile für die Gruppe B
sowohl im Summenscore (p=,001) als auch im kategorialen
Vergleich (p=,002). Studienteilnehmer der Gruppe B wiesen im
Vergleich zur Gruppe A ebenfalls einen signifikant geringeren Summenscore der
DP-Dimension auf (p=,047). Es bestanden unabhängige
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Gruppenvariable mit einem kombinierten Score aus EE und DP
einerseits (OR 0,316; p=,031) und mit der VL-Dimension
andererseits (OR 0,170; p=,024).

Schlussfolgerungen Das Lesen nicht-medizinischer Bücher war bei Urologe*innen mit Migrationshintergrund an deutschen Kliniken mit höherer beruflicher Zufriedenheit und geringerem Burnout-Risiko assoziiert.
Fluoroscopy-guided shaped endobiliary biopsy at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography can accurately diagnose biliary neoplasia: Results from a large cohort
Authors: Wang Bao-can , Wang Kelly K. , Paul Navin , Jayaraman Vijay , Wang Qiang , Abboud Yazan , Jamil Laith H. , Gaddam Srinivas , Lo Simon K.
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims The sensitivity of using standard endobiliary forceps biopsy to diagnose neoplastic biliary lesions remains low. We have developed a unique biopsy approach, termed fluoroscopy-guided, shaped endobiliary biopsy (FSEB), in which the biopsy forceps are modified to improve diagnostic yield. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of FSEB for endobiliary lesions at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC).

Patients and methods Consecutive patients undergoing FSEB between 1/2001 and 12/2014 were retrospectively enrolled. The identification of neoplastic lesions with FSEB, was the primary endpoint. The gold standard of neoplasia was histopathology, cytology or surgical histopathology. The benign cases were followed up for one year.

Results A total of 204 patients undergoing 250 biopsy sessions by FSEB were analyzed. Per-patient analysis was performed and FSEB showed 81.1 % sensitivity and 88.2 % accuracy. FSEB detection of proximal biliary lesions was more sensitive (91.1 % vs 73.2 %, P < 0.01) and accurate (94.9 % vs 82.2 %, P < 0.01) compared to distal lesions. No complications from FSEB were reported.

Conclusions FSEB shows high accuracy for diagnosis of neoplasia in biliary strictures, especially for proximal lesions. Future prospective randomized controlled studies are merited to further validate the role of FSEB as the first-line sampling tool for evaluation of biliary neoplasm.
The pocket-creation method facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms involving the pyloric ring
Authors: Kitamura Masafumi , Miura Yoshimasa , Shinozaki Satoshi , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Sakaguchi Mio , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial gastric lesions involving the pyloric ring is difficult. The pocket-creation method (PCM) with a small-caliber-tip transparent hood can overcome this difficulty by compressing the pyloric sphincter applying both traction and counter-traction. The aim of this study is to clarify the usefulness of the PCM for ESD of superficial gastric neoplasms involving the pyloric ring compared to the conventional method (CM).

Patients and methods From October 2006 to August 2019, 66 gastric lesions requiring duodenal submucosal dissection beyond the pyloric ring in 66 patients were resected. The CM was mainly performed in the first period (CM group, n = 46) and the PCM in the second period (PCM group, n = 20). We retrospectively reviewed their medical records.

Results Although no significant differences were observed in en bloc resection rates between the two groups, the PCM group had a significantly higher R0 resection rate than the CM group (P = 0.047). There were no holes in resected specimens in the PCM group while three specimens in the CM group had a hole. The dissection speed in the PCM group tended to be higher than in the CM group, although it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.148). No significant differences were observed for the incidence of adverse events.

Conclusions This is the first study reporting the advantages of the PCM over the CM for ESD of gastric lesions involving the pyloric ring. We believe that the PCM is an effective strategy to compress the pyloric sphincter and facilitates R0 resection.
Association of Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Yıldız Abdulkerim , Katar Didem , Soydaş Ayşe Özden , Albayrak Murat
Published: June 2021

Background Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) inhibits fibrinolysis and high levels may have an association with thrombosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of TAFI antigen levels with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Patients and Methods A case–control study was conducted with 29 patients with PTE and 17 age- and gender-matched control individuals. Plasma levels of TAFI were measured at the time of diagnosis, then at 3 and 6 months after the event.

Results Initial TAFI levels (%) were higher in patients with PTE than in the control group (190,0 [65,0–250,0] vs 133,0 [83,0–153,0]; p = 0.003). TAFI levels significantly decreased at the third and sixth months after initial diagnosis (p < 0.05). The percentage reductions in TAFI levels were 12 and 36.8% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The Odss ratio (OR) of TAFI level for PTE was found to be 1.024 (95% CI: 1.007–1.040; p = 0.005). There was no significant correlation of initial TAFI levels with age, gender, smoking status, history of thrombosis, pulmonary artery pressure, and D-dimer levels (p > 0.05). In the sixth month of treatment, patients with residual thrombosis were seen to have similar baseline levels and reductions of TAFI as patients without residual thrombosis (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The result of this study suggests that high TAFI levels may have a role in the occurrence of PTE without impact on treatment outcome.
Efficacy of a small-caliber colonoscope for pain in female patients during unsedated colonoscopy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Tanaka Kyosuke , Katsurahara Masaki , Horiki Noriyuki , Yamada Reiko , Tsuboi Junya , Nakamura Misaki , Tamaru Satoshi , Yamada Tomomi , Takei Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Female sex has been identified as a factor increasing patients’ pain during colonoscopy. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the efficacy of a small-caliber colonoscope, PCF-PQ260 L, for limiting pain in women during unsedated colonoscopy.

Patients and methods Women who underwent unsedated colonoscopy were randomly allocated to either the small-caliber or standard colonoscope group. The primary outcome was overall pain and secondary outcomes were maximum pain and procedural measures. In addition, the effects of colonoscope type were analysed using analysis of covariance and logistic regression with adjustment for stratification factors, age and prior abdomino-pelvic surgery.

Results A total of 220 women were randomly assigned to the small-caliber (n = 110) or standard (n = 110) colonoscope groups. Overall and maximum pain scores were significantly lower in the small-caliber colonoscope group than the standard colonoscope group (overall pain, 20.0 vs. 32.4, P < 0.0001; maximum pain, 28.9 vs. 47.2, P < 0.0001). The small-caliber colonoscope group achieved a superior cecal intubation rate (99 % vs. 93 %, P = 0.035). The rate of patient acceptance of unsedated colonoscopy in the future was higher in the small-caliber colonoscope group than in the standard colonoscope group (98 % vs. 87 %, P = 0.003). In addition, the small-caliber colonoscope was superior with respect to reducing pain and improving the rate of patient acceptance of unsedated colonoscopy with adjustment.

Conclusions This study demonstrates the efficacy of the small-caliber colonoscope for reducing pain in women and improving their rate of acceptance of unsedated colonoscopy.
Artificial intelligence-assisted colonic endocytoscopy for cancer recognition: a multicenter study
Authors: Mori Yuichi , Kudo Shin-ei , Misawa Masashi , Hotta Kinichi , Kazuo Ohtsuka , Saito Shoichi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa , Kenichi Takeda , Kudo Toyoki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Itoh Hayato , Mori Kensaku
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Large adenomas are sometimes misidentified as cancers during colonoscopy and are surgically removed. To address this overtreatment, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that identified cancerous pathology in vivo with high specificity. We evaluated our AI tool under the supervision of a government agency to obtain regulatory approval.

Patients and methods The AI tool outputted three pathological class predictions (cancer, adenoma, or non-neoplastic) for endocytoscopic images obtained at 520-fold magnification and previously trained on 68,082 images from six academic centers. A validation test was developed, employing 500 endocytoscopic images taken from various parts of randomly selected 50 large (≥ 20 mm) colorectal lesions (10 images per lesion). An expert board labelled each of the 500 images with a histopathological diagnosis, which was made using endoscopic and histopathological images. The validation test was performed using the AI tool under a controlled environment. The primary outcome measure was the specificity in identifying cancer.

Results The validation test consisted of 30 cancers, 15 adenomas, and five non-neoplastic lesions. The AI tool could analyze 83.6 % of the images (418/500): 231 cancers, 152 adenomas, and 35 non-neoplastic lesions. Among the analyzable images, the AI tool identified the three pathological classes with an overall accuracy of 91.9 % (384/418, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 88.8 %–94.3 %). Its sensitivity and specificity for differentiating cancer was 91.8 % (212/231, 95 % CI: 87.5 %–95.0 %) and 97.3 % (182/187, 95 % CI: 93.9 %–99.1 %), respectively.

Conclusions The newly developed AI system designed for endocytoscopy showed excellent specificity in identifying colorectal cancer.
High rates of gastroesophageal cancers in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Uganda
Authors: Mbiine Ronald , Nakanwagi Cephas , Kituuka Olivia
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Dyspepsia is the most common presenting symptom in the gastrointestinal clinic of Mulago National Referral hospital. The etiology is essentially not fully described in our patient population. This study was therefore conducted to establish the causes of dyspepsia based on endoscopic diagnosis among patients with dyspepsia seeking care at the National Referral hospital of Uganda.

Patients and methods This retrospective study conducted in the endoscopy unit of Mulago hospital reviewed 356 patient endoscopy reports spanning January 2018 to July 2020 with a focus on those with a referral indication of dyspepsia. Age and sex were the independent variables of interest while the endoscopy findings as reported by the endoscopist were the outcome variable of interest.

Results Of the 356 endoscopy reports reviewed, 159 met the inclusion criterion of dyspepsia as the indication. Participant mean age was 47.7 years (± 16.53) with the majority (25.79 %) in the fifth decade while the male to female ratio was 1. The majority of patients had organic dyspepsia (90.57 %) while the commonest finding was gastritis 69 (43.4 %). Gastroesophageal cancers represented (18) 11.32 % of all findings. There was a positive association between age > 50 years with gastroesophageal cancers (7.639) as well as age < 50 years and functional dyspepsia (2.794); however, all these were not statistically significant (P = 0.006 and (P = 0.095, respectively).

Conclusions Organic/structural dyspepsia comprises over 90 % of investigated dyspepsia with 11 % comprising cancer among patients seeking endoscopy at the National Referral Hospital of Uganda.