bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-electron Microscopy Structures of Chimeric Hemagglutinin Displayed on a Universal Influenza Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Tran Erin E. H. , Podolsky Kira A. , Bartesaghi Alberto , Kuybeda Oleg , Grandinetti Giovanna , Wohlbold Teddy John , Tan Gene S. , Nachbagauer Raffael , Palese Peter , Krammer Florian , Subramaniam Sriram
Published: March 2016

Influenza viruses expressing chimeric hemagglutinins (HAs) are important tools in the quest for a universal vaccine. Using cryo-electron tomography, we have determined the structures of a chimeric HA variant that comprises an H1 stalk and an H5 globular head domain (cH5/1 HA) in native and antibody-bound states. We show that cH5/1 HA is structurally different from native HA, displaying a 60° rotation between the stalk and head groups, leading to a novel and unexpected “open” arrangement of HA trimers. cH5/1N1 viruses also display higher glycoprotein density than pH1N1 or H5N1 viruses, but despite these differences, antibodies that target either the stalk or head domains of hemagglutinins still bind to cH5/1 HA with the same consequences as those observed with native H1 or H5 HA. Our results show that a large range of structural plasticity can be tolerated in the chimeric spike scaffold without disrupting structural and geometric aspects of antibody binding.

IMPORTANCE
Chimeric hemagglutinin proteins are set to undergo human clinical trials as a universal influenza vaccine candidate, yet no structural information for these proteins is available. Using cryo-electron tomography, we report the first three-dimensional (3D) visualization of chimeric hemagglutinin proteins displayed on the surface of the influenza virus. We show that, unexpectedly, the chimeric hemagglutinin structure differs from those of naturally occurring hemagglutinins by displaying a more open head domain and a dramatically twisted head/stalk arrangement. Despite this unusual spatial relationship between head and stalk regions, virus preparations expressing the chimeric hemagglutinin are fully infectious and display a high glycoprotein density, which likely helps induction of a broadly protective immune response.
Chasing Ebola through the Endosomal Labyrinth
Authors: Aman M. Javad
Published: March 2016

During virus entry, the surface glycoprotein of Ebola virus (EBOV) undergoes a complex set of transformations within the endosomal network. Tools to study EBOV entry have been limited to static immunofluorescence or biochemical and functional analysis. In a recent article in
mBio
, Spence et al. reported a novel, live-cell-imaging method that tracks this transformational journey of EBOV in real time [J. S. Spence, T. B. Krause, E. Mittler, R. K. Jangra, and K. Chandran, mBio 7(1):e01857-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01857-15]. The assay validates known mechanisms of EBOV entry and sheds light on some novel intricacies. Direct evidence supports the hypothesis that fusion is a rare event that starts in maturing early endosomes, is completed in late endosomes, and occurs entirely in Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1)-positive (NPC1
+
) compartments. The study demonstrated that lipid mixing and productive fusion are temporally decoupled, with different energetic barriers and a protease-dependent step between the two events. Analysis of the mechanism of action of an important class of EBOV neutralizing antibodies, such as KZ52 and ZMapp, provides direct evidence that these antibodies act by inhibiting the membrane fusion.
Investigation of the Genetics and Biochemistry of Roseobacticide Production in the
Roseobacter
Clade Bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens
Authors: Wang Rurun , Gallant Étienne , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R.
Published: March 2016

Roseobacter
clade bacteria are abundant in surface waters and are among the most metabolically diverse and ecologically significant species. This group includes opportunistic symbionts that associate with micro- and macroalgae. We have proposed that one representative member,
Phaeobacter inhibens
, engages in a dynamic symbiosis with the microalga
Emiliania huxleyi
. In one phase, mutualistically beneficial molecules are exchanged, including the
Roseobacter
-produced antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), which is thought to protect the symbiotic interaction. In an alternative parasitic phase, triggered by algal senescence, the bacteria produce potent algaecides, the roseobacticides, which kill the algal host. Here, we employed genetic and biochemical screens to identify the roseobacticide biosynthetic gene cluster. By using a transposon mutagenesis approach, we found that genes required for TDA synthesis—the
tda
operon and
paa
catabolon—are also necessary for roseobacticide production. Thus, in contrast to the one-cluster–one-compound paradigm, the
tda
gene cluster can generate two sets of molecules with distinct structures and bioactivities. We further show that roseobacticide production is quorum sensing regulated via an
N
-acyl homoserine lactone signal (3-OH–C
10
-HSL). To ensure tight regulation of algaecide production, and thus of a lifestyle switch from mutualism to parasitism, roseobacticide biosynthesis necessitates the presence of both an algal senescence molecule and a quorum sensing signal.

IMPORTANCE
Marine
Roseobacter
species are abundant in the oceans and engage in symbiotic interactions with microscopic algae. One member,
P. inhibens
, produces the antibiotic TDA and a growth hormone thought to protect and promote algal growth. However, in the presence of molecules released by senescing algae, the bacteria produce potent algaecides, the roseobacticides, which kill the host. We examined the regulatory networks and biosynthetic genes required for roseobacticide production. We found that
P. inhibens
uses largely the same set of genes for production of both TDA and roseobacticides, thus providing a rare case in which one gene cluster synthesizes two structurally and functionally distinct molecules. Moreover, we found roseobacticide production to be regulated by quorum sensing. Thus, two small molecules, the algal metabolite and the quorum-sensing signal, ensure tight control in the production of roseobacticides. These results highlight the role of small molecules in regulating microbial symbioses.
Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria
Authors: Barka Essaid Ait , Vatsa Parul , Sanchez Lisa , Gaveau-Vaillant Nathalie , Jacquard Cedric , Klenk Hans-Peter , Clément Christophe , Ouhdouch Yder , van Wezel Gilles P.
Published: March 2016

Actinobacteriaare Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. ManyActinobacteriahave a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.Actinobacteriaplay diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species ofCorynebacterium,Mycobacterium,Nocardia,Propionibacterium, andTropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g.,MicromonosporaandStreptomycesspecies), plant commensals (e.g.,Frankiaspp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacteriumspp.).Actinobacteriaalso play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.
Complex regional pain syndrome in children: incidence and clinical characteristics
Authors: Abu-Arafeh Hashem , Abu-Arafeh Ishaq
Published: March 2016

Objective

To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in children.

Patients and methods

All children and adolescents under 16 years of age with a new diagnosis of CRPS who were reported to the Scottish Paediatric Surveillance Unit were included. Patients’ recruitment ran between 1 November 2011 and 31 October 2015. Information was collected on patients’ demography, clinical features, investigations, management and impact of disease on child and family. The diagnosis of CRPS was made on fulfilling the clinical criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

Results

26 cases of CRPS were reported over 4 years, giving a minimum estimated incidence of 1.16/100 000 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.44/100 000) children 5–15 years of age. Nineteen patients were female (73%) and mean age at diagnosis was 11.9 (range 5.5–15.4 years). The median interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 2 months (range 1–12). The majority of children have single site involvement, with legs been more often affected than arms and the right side is more often affected than the left. There was a clear trauma at onset of the illness in 19 children and possible nerve injury in one. All investigations were normal and several treatment modalities were used with variable success. The disease had significant impacts on the patients’ education and family lives.

Conclusions

The estimated incidence of CRPS is 1.2/100 000 children 5–15 years old. The diagnosis of CRPS is often delayed. CRPS has a significant impact on children and their families.
‘Refractory epilepsy’: what lies beneath?
Authors: Bokhari Syedah Saira , Hashmi Satwat
Published: March 2016

A 30-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with recurrent seizures for 5 days. She had been diagnosed with epilepsy 2 years previously but stopped treatment due to the side effects of her medications. She was now experiencing episodes every 15–30 min. While undergoing a brain MRI to investigate for structural central nervous system pathology, she experienced another episode, preceded by prodromal symptoms. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was noted during the event. Further investigation revealed a normal QT interval, normal electrolyte panel, normal coronaries and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiac MRI revealed non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The patient was managed with heart failure and antiarrhythmic medications and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. She remained symptom free at 6-month follow-up. This case highlights the importance of differentiating between cardiogenic syncope and epilepsy and reiterates the importance of re-evaluating a diagnosis of epilepsy when presentation is atypical or symptoms are refractory.
Kimura's disease revisited: report of a case with a clinical and cytohistological correlation
Authors: Chaudhary Ramkaran , Elhence Poonam , Porwal Pankaj
Published: March 2016

Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. The common mode of clinical presentation is in the form of painless subcutaneous nodules usually seen in the head and neck region and is associated with regional lymphadenopathy and occasional involvement of the major salivary glands. It is often accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia and markedly elevated serum IgE levels. Histologically, it is characterised by reactive lymphoid follicles with eosinophilic infiltration, sometimes forming eosinophilic abscesses and prominent postcapillary venules. There is no consensus about optimal treatment of this disease in the reported literature. This condition seldom resolves spontaneously but the prognosis is good. Malignant transformation has not been reported. Early diagnosis of KD could spare the patient unnecessary and potentially harmful diagnostic procedures. A high index of clinical suspicion can help in diagnosing this disease and aid in better management.
Potential workload in applying clinical practice guidelines for patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity: a systematic analysis
Authors: Buffel du Vaure Céline , Ravaud Philippe , Baron Gabriel , Barnes Caroline , Gilberg Serge , Boutron Isabelle
Published: March 2016

Objectives

To describe the potential workload for patients with multimorbidity when applying existing clinical practice guidelines.

Design

Systematic analysis of clinical practice guidelines for chronic conditions and simulation modelling approach.

Data sources

National Guideline Clearinghouse index of US clinical practice guidelines.

Study selection

We identified the most recent guidelines for adults with 1 of 6 prevalent chronic conditions in primary care (ie hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoarthritis and depression).

Data extraction

From the guidelines, we extracted all recommended health-related activities (HRAs) such as drug management, self-monitoring, visits to the doctor, laboratory tests and changes of lifestyle for a patient aged 45–64 years with moderate severity of conditions.

Simulation modelling approach

For each HRA identified, we performed a literature review to determine the potential workload in terms of time spent on this HRA. Then, we used a simulation modelling approach to estimate the potential workload needed to comply with these recommended HRAs for patients with several of these chronic conditions.

Results

Depending on the concomitant chronic condition, patients with 3 chronic conditions complying with all the guidelines would have to take a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 13 medications per day, visit a health caregiver a minimum of 1.2 to a maximum of 5.9 times per month and spend a mean (SD) of 49.6 (27.3) to 71.0 (34.5) h/month in HRAs. The potential workload increased greatly with increasing number of concomitant conditions, rising to 18 medications per day, 6.6 visits per month and 80.7 (35.8) h/month in HRAs for patients with 6 chronic conditions.
Factors affecting Japanese retirees' healthcare service utilisation in Malaysia: a qualitative study
Authors: Kohno Ayako , Nik Farid Nik Daliana , Musa Ghazali , Abdul Aziz Norlaili , Nakayama Takeo , Dahlui Maznah
Published: March 2016

Objective

While living overseas in another culture, retirees need to adapt to a new environment but often this causes difficulties, particularly among those elderly who require healthcare services. This study examines factors affecting healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia.

Design

We conducted 6 focus group discussions with Japanese retirees and interviewed 8 relevant medical services providers in-depth. Guided by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, we managed and analysed the data, using QSR NVivo 10 software and the directed content analysis method.

Setting

We interviewed participants at Japan Clubs and their offices.

Participants

30 Japanese retirees who live in Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh, and 8 medical services providers.

Results

We identified health beliefs, medical symptoms and health insurance as the 3 most important themes, respectively, representing the 3 dimensions within the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model. Additionally, language barriers, voluntary health repatriation to Japan and psychological support were unique themes that influence healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees.

Conclusions

The healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be partially explained by the Andersen Healthcare Utilisation Model, together with some factors that were unique findings to this study. Healthcare service utilisation among Japanese retirees in Malaysia could be improved by alleviating negative health beliefs through awareness programmes for Japanese retirees about the healthcare systems and cultural aspects of medical care in Malaysia.
Investigating kidney donation as a risk factor for hypertension and microalbuminuria: findings from the Swiss prospective follow-up of living kidney donors
Authors: Thiel Gilbert T , Nolte Christa , Tsinalis Dimitrios , Steiger Jürg , Bachmann Lucas M
Published: March 2016

Objectives

To assess the role of nephrectomy as a risk factor for the development of hypertension and microalbuminuria.

Design

Prospective, long-term follow-up study.

Setting

Swiss Organ Living-Donor Health Registry.

Participants

All living kidney donors in Switzerland between 1993 and 2009.

Interventions

Data on health status and renal function before 1 year and biennially after donation were collected.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Comparison of 1-year and 5-year occurrences of hypertension among normotensive donors with 1-year and 5-year estimates from the Framingham hypertension risk score. Multivariate random intercept models were used to investigate changes of albumin excretion after donation, correcting for repeated measurements and cofactors such as age, male gender and body mass index.

Results

A total of 1214 donors contributed 3918 data entries with a completed biennial follow-up rate of 74% during a 10-year period. Mean (SD) follow-up of donors was 31.6 months (34.4). Median age at donation was 50.5 years (IQR 42.2–58.8); 806 donors (66.4%) were women. Donation increased the risk of hypertension after 1 year by 3.64 (95% CI 3.52 to 3.76; p<0.001). Those participants remaining normotensive 1 year after donation return to a risk similar to that of the healthy Framingham population. Microalbuminuria before donation was dependent on donor age but not on the presence of hypertension. After nephrectomy, hypertension became the main driver for changes in albumin excretion (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.25; p=0.03) and donor age had no effect.

Conclusions

Nephrectomy propagates hypertension and increases susceptibility for the development of hypertension-induced microalbuminuria.
Balancing stakeholder needs in the evaluation of healthcare quality improvement
Authors: Leviton Laura C , Melichar Lori
Published: March 2016

Quality improvement (QI) efforts affect a broader range of people than we often assume. These are the potential stakeholders for QI and its evaluation, and they have valuable perspectives to offer when they are consulted in planning, conducting and interpreting evaluations. QI practitioners are accustomed to consulting stakeholders to assess unintended consequences or assess patient experiences of care, but in many cases there are additional benefits to a broad inclusion of stakeholders. These benefits are better adherence to ethical standards, to assure that all legitimate interests take part, more useful and relevant evaluation information and better political buy-in to improve impact. Balancing various stakeholder needs for information requires skill for both politics and research management. These challenges have few pat answers, but several preferred practices, which are illustrated with practical examples.
Nutritional strategies for skeletal and cardiovascular health: hard bones, soft arteries, rather than vice versa
Authors: O'Keefe James H , Bergman Nathaniel , Carrera-Bastos Pedro , Fontes-Villalba Maélan , DiNicolantonio James J , Cordain Loren
Published: March 2016

The focus of this paper is to explore better strategies for optimising bone strength and reducing risk of fracture, while at the same time decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. The majority of Americans do not consume the current recommended dietary allowance for calcium, and the lifetime risk of osteoporosis is about 50%. However, traditional mononutrient calcium supplements may not be ideal. We comprehensively and systematically reviewed the scientific literature in order to determine the optimal dietary strategies and nutritional supplements for long-term skeletal health and cardiovascular health. To summarise, the following steps may be helpful for building strong bones while maintaining soft and supple arteries: (1) calcium is best obtained from dietary sources rather than supplements; (2) ensure that adequate animal protein intake is coupled with calcium intake of 1000 mg/day; (3) maintain vitamin D levels in the normal range; (4) increase intake of fruits and vegetables to alkalinise the system and promote bone health; (5) concomitantly increase potassium consumption while reducing sodium intake; (6) consider increasing the intake of foods rich in vitamins K1 and K2; (7) consider including bones in the diet; they are a rich source of calcium-hydroxyapatite and many other nutrients needed for building bone.
Maternal ethnicity and its impact on the haemodynamic and blood pressure response to labetalol for the treatment of antenatal hypertension
Authors: Stott D , Bolten M , Paraschiv D , Papastefanou I , Chambers J B , Kametas N A
Published: March 2016

Objective

Blood pressure (BP) control outside pregnancy is associated with a reduction in adverse cardiovascular events, and in pregnancy with improved outcomes. Outside pregnancy, there is evidence β-blockers are less effective in controlling BP in black populations. However, in pregnancy, labetalol is recommended as a universal first-line treatment, without evidence for the impact of ethnicity on its efficacy. We sought to compare haemodynamic responses to labetalol in black and white pregnant patients.

Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study in a London teaching hospital. Maternal haemodynamics were assessed in 120 pregnant women treated with labetalol monotherapy. Measurements were taken at presentation, 1 and 24 h after treatment. Participants were monitored regularly until delivery. Statistical analysis was performed by multilevel modelling.

Results

Both groups exhibited similar temporal trends in haemodynamic changes over the first 24 h following labetalol. Both showed a reduction in BP and peripheral vascular resistance within 1 h and in heart rate after 24 h. There was no change in cardiac output and stroke volume in either group. BP control (<140/90) was achieved at 1 h in 79.7% of the white and 77% of the black cohort. At 24 h, control was achieved among 83.1% and 63.9%, and up to the immediate intrapartum period control was achieved in 89.8% and 70.4% of white and black patients, respectively.

Conclusions

There is no difference in the acute haemodynamic changes and hypertension can be controlled throughout pregnancy with labetalol monotherapy in excess of 70% pregnant black and white patients.
Optimising health and safety of people who inject drugs during transition from acute to outpatient care: narrative review with clinical checklist
Authors: Thakarar Kinna , Weinstein Zoe M , Walley Alexander Y
Published: March 2016

The opioid epidemic in the USA continues to worsen. Medical providers are faced with the challenge of addressing complications from opioid use disorders and associated injection drug use. Unsafe injection practices among people who inject drugs (PWID) can lead to several complications requiring acute care encounters in the emergency department and inpatient hospital. Our objective is to provide a narrative review to help medical providers recognise and address key health issues in PWID, who are being released from the emergency department and inpatient hospital. In the midst of rises in overdose deaths and infections such as hepatitis C, we highlight several health issues for PWID, including overdose and infection prevention. We provide a clinical checklist of actions to help guide providers in the care of these complex patients. The clinical checklist includes strategies also applicable to low-resource settings, which may lack addiction treatment options. Our review and clinical checklist highlight key aspects of optimising the health and safety of PWID.
Above- and below-ground responses of native and invasive prairie grasses to future climate scenarios
Authors: Duell Eric B. , Wilson Gail W.T. , Hickman Karen R.
Published: March 2016

More intense and frequent droughts, coupled with elevated temperatures, are projected for grasslands worldwide. Although it has been suggested that alterations in temperature and precipitation will increase the success of biological invasions, studies that combine these climate change scenarios are limited. These changes in climate may increase the success of non-native, invasive plant species directly, as these species often possess traits that are favored by variable climates, or indirectly through negative impacts on native vegetation or alterations in soil microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The goal of our research was to assess above- and below-ground production and mycorrhizal fungal abundance of functionally similar native and invasive non-native grass species under projected climate-change scenarios. We assessed plant biomass, intra-radical AM root colonization, and relative abundance of extra-radical fungal biomass of two native (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á.Löve) and two invasive (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng, Bromus inermis Leyss.) grass species subjected to increased temperature and decreased soil water availability. Regardless of temperature or soil moisture, the invasive grasses in our study displayed greater seedling growth as compared with paired native species. Invasive grasses were also generally characterized by greater intra-radical colonization by AM fungi, compared with native species. Our data suggest that invasive grasses will continue to be problematic and successfully out-compete native grasses following increased temperatures and reduced water availability, as projected by climate-change models.
The mutual influence of Y···N and H···H interactions in XHY···NCH···HM complexes (X = F, Cl, Br; Y = S, Se; M = Li, Na, BeH, MgH): tuning of the chalcogen bond by dihydrogen bond interaction
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Asadollahi Soheila , Shahamat Yousef Dadban
Published: March 2016

The equilibrium structures, interaction energies, and bonding properties of ternary XHY···NCH···HM complexes are studied by ab initio calculations, where X = F, Cl, Br, Y = S, Se, and M = Li, Na, BeH, MgH. The ab initio calculations are carried out at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The results indicate that all optimized Y···N and H···H binding distances in the ternary complexes are smaller than the corresponding values in the binary systems. The calculated cooperative energies (Ecoop) are between −0.20 kcal/mol in BrHS···NCH···HBeH and −3.29 kcal/mol in FHSe···NCH···HNa. For a given Y and M, the estimated Ecoopvalues increase as X = F > Cl > Br. In addition, the selenium-bonded complexes exibit larger Ecoopvalues than those of the sulfur-bonded counterparts. The cooperativity between Y···N and H···H interactions is further analyzed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital methods. Cooperative effects make an increase in the J(Y–N) and J(H–H) spin–spin coupling constants of the ternary complexes with respect to the binary systems.
AAC Elie hard red spring wheat
Authors: Cuthbert R.D. , DePauw R.M. , Knox R.E. , Singh A.K. , McCaig T.N. , Fetch T. , McCallum B.
Published: March 2016

AAC Elie hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has grain yield and time to maturity within the range of the checks. AAC Elie has an awned spike, a low lodging score indicative of strong straw, and a short plant stature typical of a semidwarf. These traits were comparable to the check Carberry. AAC Elie expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, and intermediate resistance to fusarium head blight, yellow rust, common bunt, and loose smut. Compared with the five Canada Western Red Spring checks, AAC Elie has improved flour yield, and lower flower ash. AAC Elie is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring.
Genetic variation in plasticity of life-history traits between Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations exposed to contrasting thermal regimes
Authors: Oomen Rebekah A. , Hutchings Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2016

We employed common-garden experiments to test for genetic variation in responses of larval life-history traits to temperature between two populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L., 1758) that naturally experience contrasting thermal environments during early life due to spatial and temporal differences in spawning. Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod larvae experienced faster growth in warmer water and low, uniform survival across all experimental temperatures (3, 7, 11 °C), consistent with previous studies on this spring-spawning population. In contrast, larvae from fall-spawning Southwestern Scotian Shelf cod collected near Sambro, Nova Scotia, lacked plasticity for growth but experienced much lower survival at higher temperatures. Phenotypes that are positively associated with fitness were observed at temperatures closest to those experienced in the wild, consistent with the hypothesis that these populations are adapted to local thermal regimes. The lack of growth plasticity observed in Sambro cod might be due to costly maintenance of plasticity in stable environments or energy savings at cold temperatures. However, additional experiments need to be conducted on Sambro cod and other fall-spawning marine fishes to determine to what extent responses to projected changes in climate will differ among populations.
Microhabitat use of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) assemblage in the highland Brazilian Atlantic rainforest
Authors: Lira A.F.A. , DeSouza A.M.
Published: March 2016

Brazilian Atlantic rainforest is one of the largest hotspots of biodiversity in the world, with the highest number of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) species per given area. Currently, however, information on the species richness or spatial distribution of these arachnids in this northeastern Brazilian biome is extremely scarce. We conducted a field study to examine the microhabitat use of harvestmen in a fragment of the highland Atlantic rainforest. Harvestmen fauna and the microhabitat preference were assessed by nocturnal active search across 3 months (September to November 2011). Three hundred and eighteen individuals of eight harvestmen species from seven microhabitats were sampled. Four species were categorized as generalists, colonizing five or six microhabitats, whereas three species showed microhabitat specificity, being found in only one or two microhabitats. The forest ground microhabitat revealed higher harvestmen species richness, indicating that the majority of the harvestmen assemblage is composed of ground-dwelling species.
Numerical investigation on oscillatory Turing patterns in a two-layer coupled reaction–diffusion system
Authors: Li Xin-Zheng , Bai Zhan-Guo , Li Yan , Zhao Kun
Published: March 2016

In this paper, various kinds of spontaneous dynamic patterns are investigated based on a two-layer nonlinearly coupled Brusselator model. It is found that, when the Hopf mode or supercritical Turing mode respectively plays major role in the short or long wavelength mode layer, the dynamic patterns appear under the action of nonlinearly coupling interactions in the reaction–diffusion system. The stripe pattern can change its symmetrical structure and form other graphics when influenced by small perturbations sourced from other modes. If two supercritical Turing modes are nonlinearly coupled together, the transition from Turing instability to Hopf instability may appear in the short wavelength mode layer, and the twinkling-eye square pattern, traveling and rotating pattern will be obtained in the two subsystems. If Turing mode and subharmonic Turing mode satisfy the three-mode resonance relation, twinkling-eye patterns are generated, and oscillating spots are arranged as square lattice in the two-dimensional space. When the subharmonic Turing mode satisfies the spatio-temporal phase matching condition, the traveling patterns, including the rhombus, hexagon and square patterns are obtained, which presents different moving velocities. It is found that the wave intensity plays an important role in pattern formation and pattern selection.
Surface plasmon polaritons one-way mode converter based on parity-time symmetry broken system
Authors: Yan Xiang-an , Liu Hanchen , Zhu Changjun
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we have proposed a novel periodic surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waveguide to realize a one-way mode converter which is based on a parity–time (PT) symmetry broken system, and it converts the fundamental TM mode to the first-order TM mode in only forward direction. Periodic gain potentials are put in place to construct the system mentioned in periodic SPP waveguide. Further, as the mode converter contains gain and loss material, light signals will be amplified when it propagates forward, and they will be attenuated toward when they propagate backward. The unidirectional mode converter has wide applications in nonlinearity induced isolation, mode insensitive element and on-chip mode locked laser.
Direct ink writing of special-shaped structures based on TiO2 inks
Authors: Li Ya-yun , Li Long-tu , Li Bo
Published: March 2016

Direct ink writing (DIW) method is a novel kind of ceramic fabrication approach which allows one to design and rapidly construct ceramic products in complex shapes without the need for any lithographic masks, dies or expensive moulds. A 40 wt.% water-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspension was formulated. With the help of DIW technique, two-dimensional (2D) spiral structures, three-dimensional (3D) woodpile structures, cylindrical structures and half conical structures at micrometer scale were fabricated. According to the rheological test, the ink shows a shear-thinning behavior and appropriate viscoelastic properties, which ensures a feasible shaping process. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test shows that the samples sintered at 1050[Formula: see text]C for 2 h have formed ceramics completely. The DIW method has merits to pattern ceramics into special-shaped structures into two and three dimensions with high precision and good designability, which provides new ideas and methods for structural, functional and biomedical applications.
SWIMMING OF A SINGLY FLAGELLATED MICROORGANISM IN A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SECOND-ORDER FLUID
Authors: SAJID M. , ALI N. , BÉG O. ANWAR , SIDDIQUI A. M.
Published: March 2016

Magnetic swimming is rapidly attracting interest in biomedical engineering applications. In the present work, we study the swimming of a singly flagellated microorganism propelling in an electrically-conducting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscoelastic second-order fluid. The singly flagellated microorganism is modeled by a transversely waving infinite flexible sheet. The method of successive approximation is employed up to second-order in the amplitude of oscillation of the waving sheet. It has been shown that the velocity induced by a transversely waving infinite flexible sheet in a viscoelastic second-order fluid decreases with the elastic property for all the values of the Reynolds number. The solution reveals that the magnetic parameter (relating the relative influence of magnetic body force and viscous force effects) increases the propulsion for small Reynolds number and reduces it with high Reynolds number. The influence of magnetic field is therefore variable depending on the inertial effect. Comparisons with the literature demonstrate the generality of the proposed approach which allows errors included in previous formulations to be corrected. The present results may be, in principle, taken as a benchmark for computational modeling of magnetic swimming in viscoelastic fluids of relevance to green energy and magnetic biomedical procedures.
Collaborative Relationships — The Role of Information Technology
Authors: Tong Pingsheng , Umesh U. N. , Johnson Jean L. , Lee Ruby P.
Published: March 2016

Drawn from structuration theory, this research investigates the role interfirm relationship (IR) agents play in appropriating technology features and utilizing everyday interactions to formulate and manage IRs. We examine how structurational conditions (i.e. routinization and reflexivity), information technology (IT) embeddedness, IT enactment (i.e. task coordination and relationship management) and sense-making together impact relationship quality. Findings support the central contention that agents’ cognitive efforts were necessary mediating conditions to realize the benefits of IT embeddedness and structurational conditions in relationship quality enhancement. Also interesting is while IT enactment and sense-making both positively contribute to a trusting, committed and stable relationship, greater ability in making sense of everyday interactions appears to mitigate the effect of IT enactment on relationship quality.
Petrophysical and numerical seismic modelling of CO
2
geological storage in the E6 structure, Baltic Sea, offshore Latvia
Authors: Shogenov Kazbulat , Gei Davide , Forlin Edy , Shogenova Alla
Published: March 2016

Time-lapse numerical seismic modelling based on rock physics studies was for the first time applied to analyse the feasibility of CO
2
storage monitoring in the largest Latvian offshore geological structure E6 in the Baltic Sea. The novelty of this approach was the coupling of the chemically induced petrophysical alteration effect of CO
2
-hosting rocks measured in laboratory with time-lapse numerical seismic modelling. Synthetic seismograms were computed for the E6 structure, where the sandstone reservoir of the Deimena Formation of Cambrian Series 3 (earlier Middle Cambrian) was saturated with different concentrations of CO
2
. The synthetic seismograms obtained after CO
2
injection were compared with the baseline. The following four scenarios were considered: (1) a uniform model without the alteration effect; (2) a uniform model with the alteration effect; (3) a plume model without the alteration effect; and (4) a plume model with the alteration effect.

The presence of CO
2
in the reservoir layers can be detected by direct comparison and interpretation of plane-wave synthetic seismic sections, and is clearly observed when one displays the difference between the baseline and post-CO
2
injection synthetics. The normalized root-mean-square imaging techniques also clearly highlight the time-lapse differences between the baseline and post-injection seismic data.

The laboratory-conducted alteration of the petrophysical properties of the reservoir had a strong influence on the reflected signals in the seismic sections. The greatest difference was revealed on seismic sections with 1% CO
2
saturation, increasing the detectability of the stored CO
2
. The difference decreased with an increase in CO
2
content.

The saturation of CO
2
could be qualitatively estimated up to a value of 5%. Higher saturation produced a strong signal in the repeatability metrics but the seismic velocity varied so slightly with the increasing gas content that the estimation was challenging. A time shift or push-down of the reflectors below the CO
2
storage area was observed for all scenarios.

According to changes in the amplitude and two-way travel times in the presence of CO
2
, reflection seismics could detect CO
2
injected into the deep aquifer formations even with low CO
2
saturation values.

Our data showed the effectiveness of the implemented time-lapse rock physics and seismic methods in the monitoring of the CO
2
plume evolution and migration in the E6 offshore oil-bearing structure. The new results obtained could be applied to other prospective structures in the Baltic region.
40 years of suffix trees
Authors: Apostolico Alberto , Crochemore Maxime , Farach-Colton Martin , Galil Zvi , Muthukrishnan S.
Published: March 2016

Tracing the first four decades in the life of suffix trees, their many incarnations, and their applications.
How SysAdmins devalue themselves
Authors: Limoncelli Thomas A.
Published: March 2016

How to lose friends and alienate coworkers.
Beyond viral
Authors: Cebrian Manuel , Rahwan Iyad , Pentland Alex "Sandy"
Published: March 2016

The proliferation of social media usage has not resulted in significant social change.
How colors in business dashboards affect users' decision making
Authors: Bera Palash
Published: March 2016

Business dashboards that overuse or misuse colors cause cognitive overload for users who then take longer to make decisions.
The internet and inequality
Authors: Toyama Kentaro
Published: March 2016

Is universal access to the Internet a realistic method for addressing worldwide socioeconomic inequality?
Adaptive Measurement and Assessment
Authors: Barney Matt , Fisher William P.
Published: March 2016

Adaptive approaches to measurement and assessment have been useful in organizational science for more than 100 years. Advances in psychometric theory and inexpensive computing power have propelled the field into a renaissance for every type of construct and level of analysis imaginable. Exciting innovations include the use of mobile computer-adaptive testing (CAT); expert systems (e.g., automatic item generation); and unobtrusive adaptive measurement in social media, intelligent tutoring systems, and virtual worlds. Adaptive approaches are setting the stage to better embed measurement and intervention into naturalistic organizational settings and portend substantial improvements in cross-level and longitudinal tests of organizational psychology and organizational behavior (OP/OB) hypotheses.
How Technology Is Changing Work and Organizations
Authors: Cascio Wayne F. , Montealegre Ramiro
Published: March 2016

Given the rapid advances and the increased reliance on technology, the question of how it is changing work and employment is highly salient for scholars of organizational psychology and organizational behavior (OP/OB). This article attempts to interpret the progress, direction, and purpose of current research on the effects of technology on work and organizations. After a review of key breakthroughs in the evolution of technology, we consider the disruptive effects of emerging information and communication technologies. We then examine numbers and types of jobs affected by developments in technology, and how this will lead to significant worker dislocation. To illustrate technology's impact on work, work systems, and organizations, we present four popular technologies: electronic monitoring systems, robots, teleconferencing, and wearable computing devices. To provide insights regarding what we know about the effects of technology for OP/OB scholars, we consider the results of research conducted from four different perspectives on the role of technology in management. We also examine how that role is changing in the emerging world of technology. We conclude by considering approaches to six human resources (HR) areas supported by traditional and emerging technologies, identifying related research questions that should have profound implications both for research and for practice, and providing guidance for future research.
Team-Centric Leadership: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kozlowski Steve W.J. , Mak Stanton , Chao Georgia T.
Published: March 2016

This integrative review focuses on leadership in the context of work groups and teams: team-centric leadership. Although the process of leadership is largely viewed as one of social influence, most theories of leadership are agnostic about the social units and context within which it occurs. The review examines recent research on mainstream leadership theories—transformational leadership and leader-member exchange—that have contextualized leadership in work teams and also on team-centric leadership theories—shared and functional leadership—that are explicitly team centric. For each theory, we examine its conceptualization and evolution, how well it maps to the input-process-output heuristic of team effectiveness (including moderators indicative of the context, process dynamics, and feedback loops), and the quality of research methods that are employed. The discussion concludes with 14 recommendations designed to advance each type of team-centric leadership and to promote more integration and synergy across the approaches in future research.
Renal tubular SGK1 deficiency causes impaired K+ excretion via loss of regulation of NEDD4-2/WNK1 and ENaC
Authors: Al-Qusairi Lama , Basquin Denis , Roy Ankita , Stifanelli Matteo , Rajaram Renuga Devi , Debonneville Anne , Nita Izabela , Maillard Marc , Loffing Johannes , Subramanya Arohan R. , Staub Olivier
Published: March 2016

The stimulation of postprandial K+ clearance involves aldosterone-independent and -dependent mechanisms. In this context, serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase (SGK)1, a ubiquitously expressed kinase, is one of the primary aldosterone-induced proteins in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. Germline inactivation of SGK1 suggests that this kinase is fundamental for K+ excretion under conditions of K+ load, but the specific role of renal SGK1 remains elusive. To avoid compensatory mechanisms that may occur during nephrogenesis, we used inducible, nephron-specific Sgk1 Pax8/ LC1 mice to assess the role of renal tubular SGK1 in K+ regulation. Under a standard diet, these animals exhibited normal K+ handling. When challenged by a high-K+ diet, they developed severe hyperkalemia accompanied by a defect in K+ excretion. Molecular analysis revealed reduced neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein (NEDD)4-2 phosphorylation and total expression. γ-Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and α/γENaC proteolytic processing were also decreased in mutant mice. Moreover, with no lysine kinase (WNK)1, which displayed in control mice punctuate staining in the distal convoluted tubule and diffuse distribution in the connecting tubule/cortical colleting duct, was diffused in the distal convoluted tubule and less expressed in the connecting tubule/collecting duct of Sgk Pax8/ LC1 mice. Moreover, Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase phosphorylation, and Na+-Cl− cotransporter phosphorylation/apical localization were reduced in mutant mice. Consistent with the altered WNK1 expression, increased renal outer medullary K+ channel apical localization was observed. In conclusion, our data suggest that renal tubular SGK1 is important in the regulation of K+ excretion via the control of NEDD4-2, WNK1, and ENaC.
Active Peptic Ulcer Disease in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cirrhosis: The Role ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
Authors: Dore Maria , Mura Daniela , Deledda Stefania , Maragkoudakis Emmanouil , Pironti Antonella , Realdi Giuseppe
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND & AIM:The relationship betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfection and peptic ulcer disease in cirrhosis remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role ofH pyloriinfection and portal hypertension gastropathy in the prevalence of active peptic ulcer among dyspeptic patients with compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis.

METHODS:Patients undergoing upper endoscopy with compensated HCV-related cirrhosis were enrolled. Child-Pugh's score was determined at the entry. Variceal size was measured endoscopically and the severity of portal hypertensive gastropathy was graded.H pyloriinfection status was determined by urea breath testing and/or histology.

RESULTS:A total of 178 patients positive for HCV (A and B Child-Pugh's score) were prospectively included. The prevalence ofH pyloriinfection was 43%. An active peptic ulcer was found in 14 patients (8%) and was significantly more common among those withH pyloriinfection (16% versus 2% inH pyloriuninfected patients, odds ratio: 8.0). No association was observed betweenH pyloriinfection and variceal size, or hypertensive gastropathy.

CONCLUSIONS:Patients with compensated cirrhosis andH pyloriinfection showed higher risk of developing a peptic ulcer. Clinical relevance of this result would be that dyspeptic patients with HCV-related cirrhosis may benefit from preventive screening and eradication ofH pylori, especially those with features of insufficient hemostasis.