bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can VEGFR-3 be a better tumor marker for breast cancer than CA 15-3?
Authors: Zajkowska Monika , Gacuta Ewa , Lubowicka Emilia , Szmitkowski Maciej , Ławicki Sławomir
Published: March 2020

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) is a very important factor which promotes lymphangiogenesis not only in physiological but also in pathological processes in which we can include neoplasia. The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma concentrations and diagnostic utility of this parameter in comparison and in combination with CA 15-3 in breast cancer (BC) patients and in relation to the control groups. The study included 120 breast cancer and 60 control patients (28 with benign breast tumors and 32 healthy women). Plasma levels of VEGFR-3 were determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and those of CA 15-3 by a Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immuno Assay (CMIA). Differences in concentrations of both of the tested parameters were statistically significant when breast cancer patients were compared to the control groups. VEGFR-3 had higher values of sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), predictive value of a positive (PPV) and negative test result (NPV) in the whole BC group (90%; 98.33%; 99.08%; 83.10%, respectively) and, more importantly, in the early stages of BC, than CA 15-3. VEGFR-3 was also a better parameter in terms of statistically significant Area Under Curve (0.9656) in the whole group and at all BC stages (I-IV), but a maximum range was obtained for the combination of VEGFR-3 and CA 15-3 (0.9710). The combined analysis of VEGFR-3 and CA 15-3 provides hope that a new BC diagnostic panel may be developed in the future.
Species distribution and susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis, emergence of C. lusitaniae
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Ebrahim , Shokohi Tahereh , Abastabar Mahdi , Aslani Narges , Ghadamzadeh Mahbobeh , Haghani Iman
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC), as well as the antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolates.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 260 women suspected of VVC from February 2017 to January 2018. In order to identify Candida species isolated from the genital tracts, the isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using enzymes Msp I and sequencing. Moreover, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M27-A3).Results: Out of 250 subjects, 75 (28.8%) patients were affected by VVC, out of whom 15 (20%) cases had RVVC. Among the Candida species, C. albicans was the most common species (42/95; 44.21%), followed by C. lusitaniae (18/95; 18.95%), C. parapsilosis (13/95; 13.69%),  C. glabrata (8/95; 8.42%), C. kefyr (6/95; 6.31%), C. famata (5/95; 5.26%), C. africana (2/95; 2.11%), and C. orthopsilosis (1/95; 1.05%), respectively. Multiple Candida species were observed in 28% (21/75) of the patients. Nystatin showed the narrowest range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.25-16 μg/ml) against all Candida strains, whereas fluconazole (0.063-64 μg/ml) demonstrated the widest MIC range. In the current study, C. lusitaniae, as the second most common causative agent of VVC, was susceptible to all antifungal agents. Furthermore, 61.1% of C. lusitaniae isolates were inhibited at a concentration of ≤ 2 μg/ml, while38.9% (n=7)of them exhibited fluconazole MICs above the epidemiologic cutoff values (ECV). Candida species showed the highest overall resistance against fluconazole (61.3%), followed by itraconazole (45.2%) and caspofungin (23.7%). All of C. albicans strains were resistant to itraconazole with a MIC value of ≥ 1 μg/ml; in addition, 87.5% of them were resistant to fluconazole. Moreover, 100% and 87.5% of C. glabrata strains were resistant to caspofungin and fluconazole, respectively.Conclusion: As the findings revealed, the majority of VVC cases were caused by non-albicans Candida species which were often more resistant to antifungal agents. Candida lusitaniae generally had fluconazole MICs above the ECV. Given the propensity of C. lusitaniae to develop resistance under drug pressure, antifungals should be administered with caution. The emergence of these species justify the epidemiological surveillance surveys to watch out the distribution of yeast species.
A rare clinical entity as large intrarenal abscess in a typeII diabetic patient due to Candida tropicalis: A case report
Authors: Chandra Abhilash , Rao Namrata , Das Anupam , Sen Manodeep
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose: Fungal renal abscesses are rare entities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Affected kidneys can have microabscess, pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, or papillary necrosis.Case report: Herein, we reported an unusual case of a large renal abscess cause by Candida tropicalis in a diabetic patient. The entity presented as a lump in the abdomen and later was diagnosed to be an abscess on computed tomography scan. Candida tropicalis was confirmed on the culture of the aspirate. The abscess was successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and administration of amphotericin B deoxycholate.Conclusion: Candida tropicalis is now a global concern because of its rising prevalence and high virulence. The growing resistance of this Candida species to azoles, as in our case, calls for a more judicious usage of antifungal agents. Empirical therapy with either amphotericin or echinocandins is an option in case of high azole resistance. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and implementation of aggressive management in cases suffering from fungal abscesses.
Piyasa İslam’ından İslam’ın Piyasasına (Alternatif, Bireysel, Yapısal ve Kurumsal Öneriler)
Authors: FİDAN Ali
Published: March 2020

21. yüzyılın İslam toplumları, son iki asrı kapitalizm ve dolayısıyla piyasa ekonomisine uyum sağlama yollarını arayarak geçirmiştir. Tarihsel süreçte, Müslüman sosyal coğrafyanın dünya üzerindeki dağılımı da göz önünde tutulduğunda, anlaşılan odur ki İslam toplumlarının ticaret ve piyasa tecrübesi her dönemde farklılık arz etmiştir. Bu çalışma, öncelikli olarak küresel ölçekte son altmış yıla damgasını vuran İslam ekonomisi teorilerine değindikten sonra; piyasa şartları içerisinde İslami bir ekonomi anlayışının teorik/metodolojik problemlerine değinmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yine bu araştırmada kapitalist iktisadi koşullar içerisinde hem Müslüman tüccarın hem de içinde yaşanılan toplumun sosyolojik durum tahlilinin yapılması hedeflenmektedir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Somatik Belirtiler, Bağlanma Stilleri ve Suçluluk Utanç Duyguları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GERDAN Gizem , KURT Murat
Published: March 2020

Çalışmanın amacı suçluluk, utanç ve bağlanma stillerinin somatizasyonu yordama derecesi ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi; internette sağlığa yönelik araştırma yapma sıklığının, somatizasyon ve bağlanma stili puanları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın verileri 204 üniversite öğrencisinden toplanmıştır. Katılımcılara Suçluluk Utanç Ölçeği, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi ve Belirti Tarama Listesi’nin somatizasyon alt ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda somatizasyon, bağlanma stilleri ve suçluluk-utanç puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Bağlanma stilleri ve utanç puanları somatizasyonu %36 düzeyinde yordamaktadır. Cinsiyete göre ve internette sağlığa ilişkin araştırma yapma sıklığına göre puanlar farklılaşmıştır. Güvenli bağlanan bireylerin somatik belirtiler gösterme olasılığı daha düşüktür.
Ukraine’s Orange Revolution and Foreign Policy of U.S.
Authors: SIVIŞ Efe
Published: March 2020

Following the 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, people took streets in what is to be known as the Orange Revolution. The non-violent series of protests ensured fair and transparent elections and the transition of power from Leonid Kuchma to Viktor Yushchenko. The events that preceded the Orange Revolution and the protests themselves came under the international spotlight, setting an example of a nation that pursues democratic trajectory. This paper looks into the Orange Revolution with a particular emphasis on the U.S.’ relations with Ukraine throughout that period.
İlkokul Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin “Sıfır Atık” Kavramı ile İlgili Çizimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SÖNMEZ Derya
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada ilkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sıfır atık kavramı ile ilgili çizimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz dönemi Kahramanmaraş ili Merkez ilçesinde bulunan bir ilkokulun birinci sınıfında öğrenim gören 18 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sıfır atık kavramına yönelik algılarını belirlemek için çizim yapmaları ve çizimlerini anlatmaları istenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin çizdikleri resimler görüşmelerdeki açıklamaları da dikkate alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin çizimleri ve görüşleri kodlanarak sunulmuştur. İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sıfır atık kavramı ile ilgili çizimleri incelendiğinde resimlerde en fazla çöp kavramına yer verdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Kız öğrencilerin atık bilinci teması, erkek öğrencilerin çevre koruma teması ile ilgili kavramlara daha çok yer verdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Klasik Şiirde Kutb Meselesi
Authors: ERBAY Nazire
Published: March 2020

Gazellerde sadece aşk, kadın, yeme-içme, eğlence konularına yer verilmemiştir. Klasik şairler, gazellerinde insana hatta âleme dair her şeyi ele almışlardır. Merkez ve etrafında dönenler arasında mutlak bir ilişki vardır. Kutb, bir merkezi esas alıp dönme, ardından belli bir düzene girme durumunu anlatır. İrfan meclisine mensup bir prototipi ifade etmede ya da mazmun olarak kullanılan kutb, mana değeri fark etmeden hep merkezde olmayı çağrıştırır. Şairler, kutbu gazellerinde en çok ulvi gördüklerine yönelme anlamında kullanmışlardır. Gazellerde kutb, Mutlak Hakikat’ten, Hakikat-i Muhammediye’den, makam ve dereceleri birbirinden farklı velilerden, peygamberlerin taklitçilerinden ya da onun yolunda olanlardan bahsedilirken yer alır.
Aristoteles’in Epistemolojisinde Tümevarım ve Soyutlama İlkesi
Authors: MANAFOV Rafiz , ORUK Zehra
Published: March 2020

Günümüze kadarki düşünce sisteminin temellerini atan Aristoteles, varlık ve bilginin anlaşılması konusunda kendisinden önceki filozoflara nispetle daha sistemli bir yol izlemiştir. Aristoteles, önceki düşünürler gibi, tümel kavramını kabullenmiş, fakat bu kavrama yüklediği epistemik değer meselesinde onlardan ayrılmıştır. Aristoteles açısından bilim ve bilgi doğrudan tümel kavramlar ile bağlantılıdır, fakat tümeli elde etmenin yolu tikelden geçmektedir. Tikeller ve tümellerin temel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ise soyutlama ve tümevarım sayesinde elde olunmaktadır. Bu nedenle de, her iki kavram Aristoteles epistemolojisi ve ontolojisi için vazgeçilmez öneme sahiptir. Biz de çalışmamızda, Aristoteles`in tümevarım ve soyutlama ilkelerini tözle ilişki bağlamında değerlendireceğiz.
Tahrir Defterlerine Göre Rumeli’de Kale Teşkilatına Kırçova Kalesi Örneğinden Bir Bakış(1515-1542)
Authors: ÇAĞ Galip
Published: March 2020

Osmanlı idaresinin Rumeli politikasında coğrafi unsurlar her zaman mühim rol oynadı. Kadim yollar (via agnatia, via militaris vd.) geçitler, suyolları bu manada hem fetih güzergâhları hem de sonrası için belirleyici ve yönlendirici birer dış etkendi. Osmanlılar da bu değişemeyecek etkenleri yeni organizasyon ve inşa çalışmaları ile birer avantaja dönüştürmeye çalıştılar. Bir başka anlamda da doğal engelleri aştılar.Rumeli’de bahsi geçen bu yeni organizasyonun en belirgin noktalarından biri de kale inşa ve organizasyonu oldu. Eski kalelerin tadili ve genişletilmesi yanında yeni kalelerin de inşası gerekli bir durumdu. Bu çalışma, 16. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Rumeli’nin en batı ucunda yer alan Kırçova/Kicevo şehri kalesinin durumunu ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır.
Hybrid surgery in treatment of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of lower extremities (review)
Authors: Temrezov M. B. , Kovalenko V. I. , Temerezov T. K. , Bakhmetev A. S. , Loyko V. S. , Rudakov M. O.
Published: March 2020

The literature review presents the possibilities and current trends in the use of hybrid surgery in patients with multilevel multifocal lesions of the arterial bed of the lower extremities with obliterating lesions. Methods of open bypass surgery for chronic atherosclerosis of the arteries have long been developed, put into practice and can be considered individually for each patient. However, given the frequent complicated atherosclerotic history in patients with multifocal lesions of various arterial pools, most patients can be recommended more gentle endovascular methods of blood flow correction — balloon angioplasty or stenting. But given certain technical and general parameters (prolonged occlusion, severe calcification, kidney disease, an allergic reaction to a contrast drug, etc.), it is not yet possible to use intravascular correction in absolutely all patients, as a result of which the method of simultaneous or phased hybrid surgery seems to be very relevant and can be used even in patients at extremely high risk. The review describes the possible uses of hybrid technology depending on the level of steno-occlusive lesion and the general prolongation of narrowing of the arterial bed. Also considered are some features of the use of simultaneous or multi-stage hybrid operations. On the basis of modern literature data, the advantage of using a combination of open surgeries and endovascular interventions in comparison with any one revascularization method is shown.
Economic Profitability of Sweet Pepper Production under Different Irrigation Levels and Polyethylene Mulch in a Plastic Greenhouse
Authors: Abdrabbo Mohamed A. A. , Mohamed Assem A. A. , Hashem Fadl. A. , Hegab Ahmed. S. A.
Published: March 2020

Field experiment was conducted, during two successive seasons of 2014- 2015 and 2015- 2016, at Dokki protected agricultural site, Giza Governorate, Egypt, to study the profitability of different applied irrigation levels and polyethylene (PE) mulch on plant growth and yield of sweet pepper, (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1, under plastic house condition. Three irrigation levels (0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), using drip irrigation system and three PE mulch treatments (transparent, black and control) were applied. Data revealed that black PE recorded the highest values of early and total fruit yield per plant during the two seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different PE mulch treatments, while water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increasing water level. However, Using 0.50 (ETc), with different PE mulches increased WUE compared to using 0.75 (ETc) or 1.00 (ETc). The economic assessment of costs and returns from different treatments were calculated. It was found that the average yield was higher in 1.00 ETc with black mulch. Gross margin per 540 m2 were analysed using yield data, price structures and production costs. The 1.00 (ETc) with black mulch had the highest gross margin which is USD 416.8 and USD 533 (1 USD= 9 Egyptian pound) for the first and second seasons, respectively. The benefit cost ratios (BCRs) per 540 m2 were analysed, and 1.00 (ETc) with black mulch had the highest BCR with 1.36 in the first season and 1.45 in the second season.

JEL Classification: Q 01, Q 12, Q 19
Impact of Terrorism on Agricultural Business in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Jelilov Gylych , Ayinde Ramat , Tetik Selman , Bilal Bilal , Olali Natalia
Published: March 2020

This study examines the impact of terrorism on agribusiness in Borno state. Terrorist activities in Borno state dates back to 2009 where a group of Islamic extremists popularly known as Boko Haram (meaning western education is a sin) became violent in their activities. The group operates significantly in north-eastern Nigeria where Borno state is located and since 2009. The presence of the group has led to collapse of socio-economic activities in Borno state among other states. Millions of people have been displaced fromtheir homes and forced to live in camps in neighbouring states. As a result, this study examines the impact of insurgency related activities on agribusiness in BornoState. Agricbusiness in Borno state can be measured using four different parameters, amount of area cultivated, annual crop production, rearing of livestock and fish farming. These are the major agricultural business residents of Borno state are engaged in. However due to unavailability of data, rearing of livestock and fish farming are dropped, thus focusing on area cultivated and annual crop production. As a result of these two variables, two models are developed. The first model measures the relationship between amounts of crop produced with insurgency related killings, while the second model measuresthe relationship between total areasof farmland cultivated with fatalities resulting from terrorist activity. This study employs Ordinary Least Squares methodology and finds that both relationshipsreveal negative results thus indicating statistically significant negative impact of terrorism on agribusiness in Borno State.

JEL Classification: Q10, Q18, Q12
Effect of Training on Small-Scale Rice Production in Northern Ghana
Authors: Anang Benjamin Tetteh , Awuni Joseph A.
Published: March 2020

Training in modern farming methods enables farm households in developing countries to improve agricultural productivity. Notwithstanding the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organisations to provide farmers with agricultural training, productivity remains low. The existing literature provides little empirical evidence of the effect of training on agricultural productivity in Ghana. This study therefore seeks to bridge this gap by investigating small scale rice farmers’ participation in agricultural training programmes and its effect on productivity in northern Ghana. A treatment effect model was used to account for sample selection bias. The results indicated that participation in training increased with the number of extension visits, group membership, access to credit and the degree of specialisation in rice production. Furthermore, total output and labour productivity both increased with participation in training but the relationship with land productivity (yield) was insignificant. On average, participation in training was associated with 797kg increase in rice output, while labour productivity increased by 7.3kg/man-day. With the exception of farm capital, all the production inputs had a positively significant relationship with output suggesting sub-optimal use of capital in production. The study concludes that farmers’ training needs are not adequately being met while inadequate capital is constraining farm output. Increasing access to extension service and involving farmer-based organisations in the design and implementation of training programmes will enhance participation and farm performance.

JEL Classification: C21, D24, Q12
Tourism Development Challenges of an Island Destination in a Aging Society, Case Study of Ojika Island of Japan
Authors: Perlaky Denes
Published: March 2020

Japan’s inbound tourism numbers have been steadily rising in the past decade due to active promotion, easing of visa regulations, rapidly developing Asian economies and the depreciation of the Japanese Yen. The government’s goal is welcoming 40 million foreigners yearly by 2020, and leading them to rural destinations. There is a concern whether rural destinations in Japan are prepared for this sudden surge of tourists. The plans to bring masses to rural destinations implies a steady supply of tourism service, but the ageing and shrinking population of Japan together with the migration towards cities, leave some destinations without a key resource: workforce. This paper tries to understand the current situation of such rural, isolated communities, and whether they have the capacity to develop and expand the tourism industry. The case study was carried out on Ojika, an island destination in Nagasaki Prefecture. Several visits to the destination, participant observation and structured as well as unstructured interviews with stakeholders provide the primary data for the research. Through interviews with town officials, businesses and residents, different approaches to the demographic problems are introduced. The results show that the tourism development strategies cannot concentrate only on the strictly tourism industry elements of the destination but have to look at the community and infrastructure too, in this case, the labor market. The demographic change in society can put a limitation on development, thus counter measurements have to be considered and included in the tourism strategy. Further research is needed on less remote destinations, where there is a land-connection with another settlement, and whether a “commute based workforce” can ease the problem or by raising the costs of labour, a different, feasibility problem arises in the accommodations.

JEL Classification: Z32
Clasters and Correlations among the Eu Member States Regarding Agri-Food Foreign Trade
Authors: Gombkötő Nóra
Published: March 2020

The European Union has a significant role in international trade but this is largely in the area of industrial goods. However, in the case of some agricultural commodities the EU applies tariffs, bans, or different restrictive measures; it manages foreign trade in agricultural goods with many countries all over the world. On the other hand the member states do not contribute to the total trade of the EU to the same extent. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed in relation to the member states by means of data of Eurostat and Faostat. First, a multivariable correlation analysis was carried out in order to find the interrelation between the trade features of each country. In the second part of the study, a cluster analysis was carried out with almost the same component as in the foregoing, also in terms of the EU member states. It can be ascertained that the date of EU accession of a Member State as well as getting EU agricultural subsidies do not affect the agricultural foreign trade of the member states. Countries with significant agricultural production also export food commodities in larger quantities. Countries that have significant exports extra-EU also have larger imports in the case of both basic commodities and prepared food as well. As a result of the cluster analysis, it can be stated that the member states can be divided into specific groups according to the three examined aspects (food trade features, exports of commodities, imports of commodities). The following typical country groups can be divided as follows: non-trade countries, countries with larger trade extra-EU, agri-food exporter and importer countries, non-agri-food exporter and importer countries, primary commodity exporters and importers, and last but not least processed food exporters and importers as well.

JEL Classification: F10
Analysis of Bathing Habits among Spa Visitors
Authors: Lövei-Kalmár Katalin , Jeles Tímea , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: March 2020

The valorisation of healthy lifestyle has indicated the dynamic increase of healthcare sector. The consumer behaviour has been forming deterministically in health tourism. Visitors of spa towns can select various combinations of services either to sustain their health, to rest, to relax or to recover. It has a great importance for spas offering complex health tourism services to know the demands of guests and to reach the target groups with special, personalized service packages. After considering the statistical indicators of tourists visiting the spas of Northern Great Plain Region and the competitors of a selected spa, this paper aims to investigate the coherence among bathing habits, influencing factors of service demands, age and non-motivating coherences. The survey was taken place in a selected spa in Hajdú-Bihar County in August 2018 with random sampling questionnaire involving 256 visitors. During data analysis the coherence among indicators was examined with variant analysis (Levene’s test), in case of significant result with Welch’s t-test. Variances in age groups were analysed with Tamhane’s and LSD tests (post hoc analyses). We concluded that the primary information source of spas is still the suggestion of friends, acquaintances independently of the age of the respondent. Knowing this is relevant for further marketing communication. The most important features among the respondents are the condition of the spa and cleanness which are the basics of quality services. Motivations with coherence to age are social life and gaining experience, recovery and disease prevention. Visitors have the largest interest for family and kid programs. Recognition of bathing habits helps in marketing communication, reaching target markets effectively, pricing and service developments as well.

JEL Classification: Z32
Análisis del discurso y hermenéutica como métodos en la interpretación de textos
Authors: Bolívar Adriana
Published: March 2020

In this article we give attention to text interpretation from the perspectives of discourse analysis and hermeneutics because these disciplines provide theoretical and methodological bases for texts analysis in a wide variety of projects both in the humanities and social sciences. As in both cases we are faced with interdisciplinarity, we examine some tensions that arise when attempts are made by one discipline to dominate over the other. The objective is to offer some guidance to young researchers about what following either of these traditions means. The position of some critical discourse analysts related to the claim that hermeneutics today needs to look at linguistics and discourse analysis to renew itself is examined, to which we add the need to give more attention to dialogue analysis in critical discourse studies. Closer collaboration between researchers in both disciplines is suggested.
Síntese e Caracterização de Nanopartículas de CoFe 2O4@SiO2:phen:Eu+3 com Propriedades Magnéticas e Luminescentes
Authors: Barbosa Amanda das G. , Pereira Sandra de C. , Figueiredo Alberthmeiry T. de , Longo Elson
Published: March 2020

Materiais com propriedades magnéticas e luminescentes possuem amplas aplicações biomédicas. A ferrita de cobalto (CoFe2O4) destaca-se devido a sua alta estabilidade e magnetização. A fi de aumentar a biocompatibilidade e conferir a luminescência, este material pode ser recoberto por dióxido de silício (SiO2) contendo íons európio. Assim, o trabalho tem por fialidade recobrir o CoFe2O4 (core) com SiO2 e íons európio (III) (shell). As amostras foram caracterizadas estruturalmente por DRX e apresentaram sistema monofásico. E a exposição das amostras à radiação eletromagnética e ao campo magnético confimou a obtenção do material com ambas as propriedades de interesse.
Pain Level of Postoperative Orthopedic Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital
Authors: Wicaksono David , Herawati Lilik , Sulistyono Herdy
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Postoperative pain is the most undesirable consequence of the surgery. If it is not managed properly, it can lead to a long healing. However, assessment and treatment of postoperative pain in surgical wards still have not received attention. Differences in patient’s pain level after surgery and after being transferred to the surgical ward is very important in monitoring the effectiveness postoperative pain management. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the overview of pain level experienced by patients following orthopedic surgery and to know the individual factors that can affect the patient's pain level. Method and Material: This research was observational analytic with 43 orthopedic postoperative patients as a sample. The Patients’ pain level were measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at one hour after surgery and 24 hours after surgery. Result and Discussion: The Pain level one hour after surgery varied between pain level 0 as much as 53% to pain level 8 as much as 4.7%. The results of measurements of pain 24 hours after surgery only 23.3% of the patients who did not complain of pain, and there was a patient who experienced pain level 10. The results of the statistical calculation, the difference between the level of pain one hour and 24 hours post-surgery obtained value of p=0.037 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the pain level at one hour and 24 hours post-surgery. It might be due to the process of peripheral and central sensitization in patients with delayed pain management. It also may be influenced by individual factors as well as medical personnel.
The Effect of Basic Life Support (BLS) Training in The Knowledge and Skill Level of Community in Sidodadi Village, Lawang, Indonesia
Authors: Stella Maria Arni , Wulandari Prima Hapsari , Subianto Tantri Adhiatama Lukitaningrum , Jahari Farah Adiba Binti Mohamad , Aisyah Aida Nur , Mahmudah Isna , Sandjaja Steven , Prabowo Septian Dwi , Nuswantoro Djohar , Widodo Heri S
Published: March 2020

Introduction: About 300.000 – 350.000 Indonesian people suffer from cardiac arrest each year. Basic Life Support (BLS) is the first immediate response needed by cardiac arrest people, especially the out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient. BLS that given from public to OHCA could increase the survival rate up to 2 – 3x higher. Unfortunately, the Indonesian still did not know what is cardiac arrest, how to recognize it, and how to do BLS. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of BLS training in the knowledge and skill level of community in Sidodadi Village, Lawang, Indonesia. Method and Material: This experiment used a quasi-experimental design with 102 of the random sampling of people age 20-40 in Sidodadi Village, Lawang, Indonesia. The sample was given pre-test and post-test knowledge questioner before and after joining BLS training. The sample’s skill was scored by an assistant doctor using a skill checklist. The data then analysed with a t-paired sample test, Wilcoxon sum rank test, and Pearson correlation. Result and Discussion: The score of women is higher than men both in pre-test and post-test, with the significance of p=0,039 for pre-test and p=0,001. 99% who joined BLS training have a significant increase in knowledge with p=0,001. Conclusion: The increase in knowledge and skill is correlated for an excellent and good level of the score, but not correlated in a bad level. About 99% of people who have joined BLS training have a significant increase in knowledge and skill. These trained people have the willingness to be a bystander for cardiac arrest people near them.
The Effect of Exercise on Postpartum Women’s Quality of Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anggraeni Ni Putu Dian Ayu , Herawati Lucky , Widyawati Melyana Nurul , Arizona I Komang Leo Triandana
Published: March 2020

Postpartum mothers are vulnerable to several problems during the puerperium, such as fatigue, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, sexual problems, physical functioning and dissatisfaction with partner support that can affect their quality of life. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effect of exercise on postpartum women’s quality of life. Comprehensive searches including experimental studies (including RCTs and non-randomized trials) from several databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, and Science-Direct, were used to search for scientific contributions published between 2009 and 2019. The articles are identified using the relevant keywords. This systematic review is guided by PRISMA. Fourteen of the 636 articles met both the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The postpartum exercises found in this study were Yoga, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT), Pilates, Postnatal Exercise, Aerobic Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). This review cannot provide definitive conclusions about the best form of exercise, the suggested duration or the timing needed to improve the quality of life for postpartum women. However, Yoga and Pilates are proven to effectively improve maternal well-being because this exercise focuses on increasing the physical, psychological and social support during the postpartum period. Further research is needed to provide evidence and to strengthen the results of this systematic review.
Prevention of the Stigma of Mental Disorders in the Community
Authors: Astuti Retno Puji , Reong Antonia Rensiana , Fiddaroini Fakhrun Nisa' , Budiman M. Elyas Arif
Published: March 2020

The stigma felt towards clients with mental disorders is still negative in community. Health education programs are run by health workers in order to reduce the stigma for clients with mental disorders in the community. These programs have been widely implemented but there has been a low impact on the community thus far. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the stigma focused on clients with mental disorders in the community. The databases used were SCOPUS, ProQuest, SAGE and Science Direct in order to identify potential articles. The articles were limited to being published in a range of 5 years from 2013 to 2018. The keywords used in the literature review were “stigma” AND “community” AND “mental disorder”. This study reports on the latest experience of stigma in relation to clients with mental disorders. The stigma is given from the community to the client with a mental disorder at 4 levels, namely labeling, stereotype, exclusion and discrimination. This makes the social life of the clients disturbed. Stigma and the prevention of it must therefore be further developed in the community. The results of this systematic review should be considered to reduce and prevent stigma in clients with mental disorders.
Effects of Handgrip Relaxation on Decreasing Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Siauta Moomina , Embuai Selpina , Tuasikal Hani
Published: March 2020

Hypertension is a leading cause of death if it is not properly treated. Handgrip relaxation is an intervention that can be used to reduce the blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of handgrip relaxation on decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This study used a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and it was conducted at RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy, Ambon. The sample consisted of 14 patients aged 18 to 75 who suffered from hypertension type 1 and 2. The sampling method was consecutive sampling and the patients were divided into the intervention (n=7) and control group (n=7). Handgrip relaxation was administered to the patients in the intervention group. The data was analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA test. The results showed a decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures on the 3rd day with the highest mean value found in the intervention group and the control group had a significance value of 0.003 (p<0.05) and 0.014 (p<0.05) Handgrip relaxation had an effect on the decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in patients with hypertension. Handgrip relaxation that was given for fifteen minutes over three days can be recommended as a nursing intervention to decrease the blood pressure of hypertensive patients.
Analysis of the Nurse’s Behavior toward Helping a Patient with a Mental Health Problem: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darni Darni , Khadijah Siti , Sulaihah Sitti
Published: March 2020

Background: Nurses have the role of helping in the healing process of patients through their knowledge, attitudes and actions. Several studies have shown that nurses frown when serving patients and this worsens the patient’s condition. The aim of this study was to analyze about nurse behavior towards people with mental disorder.Method: The articles were obtained from a search through the Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Proquest database.Result: Article searches began in 2014 until 2018 and found 8 article which match the inclusion criteria. After the articles were obtained, a study was then carried out up until the stage of making a systematic review.Conclusion: The behavioral interventions of the mental health nurse will improve and accelerate the recovery of the patients with mental disorders.
Management of Shivering in Post-Spinal Anesthesia Using Warming Blankets and Warm Fluid Therapy
Authors: Qona'ah Arina , Rosuliana Novi Enis , Bratasena I Made Amartha , Cahyono Wahyu
Published: March 2020

Hypothermia is a common and serious complication of spinal surgery and it is associated with many harmful perioperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of warming blankets and warm fluid therapy to manage shivering. A quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group was applied as the research design. There were 60 patients involved in the study. The instrument of this study was a warmer fluid modification, a warming blanket and a cotton blanket. The data was analyzed using an applied paired t-test and independent t-test. After 60 minutes of the intervention, the mean and SD of body temperature of the patients receiving warm fluids was 36.71 ± 0.18, a warming blanket was 36.12 ± 0.35, and the control group was 35.76 ± 0.22. The p values were 0,000. Warm fluid therapy and warming blankets are significant in terms of increasing the body temperature of post-spinal anesthesia patients. Warm fluids are more effective than warming blanket. Warming blankets and warm fluid therapy can be used as a way to increase the body temperature of patients with hypothermia.
The Benefits of Fasting to Improve Health Conditions and to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Samudera Wahyu Sukma , Fernandez Gracia Victoria , Fitriyah Rahmatul , Arifin Hidayat , Wulandari Shenda Maulina , Permana Roby Aji
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Fasting is defined as the voluntary abstinence from eating for variable time intervals and it has been associated with potential beneficial impacts on human health. The study was to review the benefits of fasting on cardiovascular health in humans with or without cardiovascular disease.Methods: The databases search was done using the keywords ‘fasting’ and ‘cardiovascular system’ using Scopus, Science Direct and ProQuest, limited to between 2013 and 2019 for publication year. A total of 3.619 articles were obtained and 15 articles involving experimental and non-experimental studies were used as the reference material.Results: The findings showed that in people who are healthy, fasting can reduce the inflammatory markers (IL-1 & IL-6, TNF-α), the oxidative stress marker (Malondialdehyde), body weight, abdominal circumference, fasting blood glucose, LDL, triglyceride and blood pressure. In people at risk or with cardiovascular disease, fasting can reduce body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, fat percentage, blood pressure, triglyceride, the biomarker of inflammation (serum amyloid A), the biomarker of oxidative stress (protein carbonyl), the biomarker of endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine) and increase the vascular endothelial growth factor.Conclusion: Based on these findings, fasting can improve the health condition of people at risk or with cardiovascular disease by improving the risk factors such as blood pressure, overweight and endothelial dysfunction. In people who are healthy, fasting can be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease by helping to maintain their weight, blood pressure, LDL and triglyceride within the normal limits.
A Clinical Decision Support System as a Tool to Improve the Accuracy of Nursing Diagnoses
Authors: Sudarmaji Wikan Purwihantoro , Sholihin Sholihin , Permana Roby Aji , Soares Agustina , Nugraha Yanuar Aga
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Nursing diagnosis is an important part of the nursing process and it influences the quality of nursing care. Accuracy in establishing nursing diagnoses is one of the factors that determines the accuracy of the nursing intervention program and the speed of healing of the patients. The Clinical Decision Support System is an information system built to assist health workers in making clinical decisions including the enforcement of nursing diagnoses. Through this systematic review, the author wants to explain the clinical decision support system as a tool to increase the accuracy of the enforcement of nursing diagnoses.Methods: The search for journals using the PICOT framework was conducted in the Scopus, Proquest, PubMed and Cinahl databases with a 10-year publication time limit (2008 - 2018). There were 8 international journals reviewed in full.Results: Generally the journals reviewed stated that the use of the Clinical Decision Support System in establishing nursing diagnoses has been shown to improve the accuracy of nursing diagnoses.Conclusion: This systematic review concludes that the use of clinical decision support systems can help nurses or nursing students in establishing accurate nursing diagnoses.
The Relationship Between Family Support and Quality of Life Improvement of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Semarang
Authors: Luthfa Iskim , Aspihan Moch , Lathif Muhammad Rifqi
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as the silent killer, where sufferers often do not realize its signs and symptoms and are frequently diagnosed during another health complication. To maintain quality of life, the family is required to provide support, therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between family and the patient through observational analytic research.Methods: 120 people with DM make up the research sample using an accidental sampling technique, and data analysis was carried out using the Spearman rank test. The results found that 62 respondents (51.7%) agreed to their families providing good support, and 102 (85%) were satisfied with their quality of life.Results: The Spearman test resulted in a P value of 0,000 and R of 0.334. This means the higher the support provided by the family, the greater the increase in quality of life.Conclusion: The suggestions proposed from this study is for health workers to advocate and encourage family in the planning management of DM sufferers in order to improve their quality of life.
Family Support Required to Increase Compliance of Medical Control of Patients with Cancers
Authors: Yaner Nurul Ramadhani , Sukartini Tintin , Kristiawati Kristiawati , Maulana M Ruli
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Long and burdening therapeutic treatments of patients with cancers require social support in order to encourage patient’s medical compliance. Family support helps patients remain positive during their treatments so that they can develop physical and psychological fulfillment. This research identifies the correlation between family’s support and the rate of compliance of medical control of patients with cancer.Methods: The design was cross-sectional. The population was 60 patients with cancers who were undertaking treatment and 36 respondents were drawn by using a consecutive sampling technique. The independent variable is family support, while the dependent variable is the rate of compliance of patients with cancers in maintaining their medical control. The data was collected using questionnaires adopted from MMAS-8 (Medication Morisky Adherence Scale) and analyzed by using Chi Square with a significance rate of α ≤ 0.05.Results: The results indicated that the correlation between family’s support and the rate of medical compliance resulted in p=0.006.Conclusion: Supportive family support is very important in the successful treatment of cancer patients, because the family is closest to the patient, they live together, and also they have the opportunity to meet the needs of cancer patients.
Effects of Cold Compress on the Heguous Point of Meridian Large Intestine on Pain before Giving Immunization in Infants
Authors: Astuti Indra Tri , Wijayanti Kurnia , Nuraini Laila , Khasanah Nopi Nur , Susanto Herry
Published: March 2020

Introduction: In basic immunizations received by infants 90% are given by injection. The immunization given by injection is a source of pain which can cause anxiety and trauma not only in infants but also for their families. Thus, it is necessary to deal with the pain with appropriate management. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to reduce pain is by providing cold compresses. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cold compress on the heguous point of meridian large intestine on pain before giving immunization.Methods: This study used the quasi experimental method of posttest design with control group. This study used the instruments of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale to measure the pain. The sample was 42 people taken by consecutive sampling. The research data were analyzed by using the Mann Whitney test. The results obtained a p value equal to 0.023 (<0.05).Results: This indicates that there were significant differences in pain scores between the two groups, meaning that there is a significant effect of giving cold compresses to the pain score before giving immunization.Conclusion: This result explains that cold compresses carried out at the heguous point can be used as an alternative for management for non-pharmacological pain in infants during immunization.
Why We Have to Develop Instruments of Our Caring Measurement Based on an Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Asmoro Candra Panji , Hariyati Rr Tutik Sri , Wahyudi Andri Setiya
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Caring is the core or focus in nursing as a form of professional nursing practice. The current caring instrument is an original instrument that measures the attitudes or behavior of nurses, has not paid attention to the administrative and environmental aspects of the hospital. The use of an instrument that does not yet contain certain characteristics gives rise to improper measurement results. The purpose of this study was to explain the importance of developing caring measurement instruments with an Indonesian perspective.Methods: Systematic reviews were carried out from database articles on ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, Wiley online, Proquest, and EBSCOhost. Criteria for articles were articles published in the last 10 years, national and international research locations, and in Indonesian and English. 15 references were obtained from 2100 references that met the predetermined criteria. The development of a caring behavior instrument based on an Indonesian perspective does not yet exist.Results: The results found that development on the basis of linguistics, cultural adjustment, and according to the prevalence of disease in a country because the epidemiology of the disease differs on the climate region.Conclusion: Specific caring instruments in an Indonesian perspective is expected that the research results will be more accurate.
Market Participation Variables in Commercializing South African Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Nwafor Christopher
Published: March 2020

The study examined key socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers identified for their contribution to market participation. These variables include gender, age, marital status, level of education, household size, additional income, membership of cooperative, herd size and use of ICTs. Using a structured questionnaire, primary data was collected from a total of 129 respondents which was analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and presented using cross-tabulations, percentages and count data. The result indicates that age, additional income, cooperative membership and use of ICTs were important variables which contributed to market participation among respondents. The study also made applicable recommendations as the findings may have relevance for future research, policy and practice for commercializing smallholder farmers.