bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of Tuberculosis infection control and prevention practice at public health facilities in Tegede district, Northwest Ethiopia: Facility-based cross-sectional design
Authors: Gebeyehu Endalkachew Mesfin , Mebratu Ashagere , Atnafu Asmamaw , Hagos Asebe
Published: February 2025

Background

Tuberculosis Infection Prevention and Control practice (TB-IPC) is crucial to prevent nosocomial transmission of Tuberculosis (TB), especially in high-burden settings like Ethiopia. However, studies show that TB infection control practices among healthcare workers in Ethiopia are suboptimal. The study aims to evaluate TB-IPC practices at public health facilities in Tegede district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional design with mixed methods and a formative approach was used to evaluate the TB-IPC from May 1 to June 30, 2023. The practice was assessed using availability, compliance, and acceptability dimensions with 31 indicators. The quantitative data was collected from 525 clients using structured questionnaires. The data were coded, entered into EpiData version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictor variables associated with client satisfaction. Furthermore, non-participatory direct observations, document reviews, and resource inventories were conducted. In the qualitative study, key informants were interviewed, and qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed manually in themes.

Result

The overall implementation of TB-IPC practice was 54.4%. The availability dimension was 50.4%, compliance was 67.2%, and acceptability was 43.4%. A total of 525 clients participated, with a response rate of 96.2%. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, occupation was the predicator variable with a p-value of <0.05. In total, 134 (25.5%) clients, with a 95% CI [22.0%, 29.4%], were satisfied with TB-IPC practices at public health centers in Tegede district.

Conclusion

The overall implementation of TB-IPC practices at public health facilities in Tegede district is currently poor and requires urgent improvement. Based on stakeholders’ judgment criteria, the dimensions of availability, compliance, and acceptability were rated as poor, fair, and poor, respectively. These findings provide a baseline understanding of how TB-IPC practices are implemented in Tegede district.
Cultivating key disciplinary competencies among university students against the background of China’s new engineering education initiative
Authors: Zheng Liyuan , Ge Di
Published: February 2025

The development of students’ core disciplinary competencies is crucial to the quality of talent cultivation against the background of China’s New Engineering Education initiative. We condensed a literacy–ability–knowledge model of the core competence structure of university students based on the results of a survey and then applied this model with a special focus on competence structures. We coded the core competency indicators of the course area using a software engineering course as an example to construct a map of the core competencies of the course (area). New teaching and instruction methods to promote the development of students’ core competencies were then explored. Finally, to shape core subject competence, we suggest building a course recommendation system that aligns with an employment guidance service based on the certification of core subject competence to realize a new mode of cultivating competence.
Un nuevo conjunto pictórico procedente de rudera del barrio meridional de Baelo Claudia: un ejemplo de koiné mediterránea
Authors: Fernández Díaz Alicia , Castillo Alcántara Gonzalo , Bernal Casasola Dario , Lara Medina Macarena , Díaz Rodríguez José J. , Expósito Álvarez José A.
Published: February 2025

El artículo desarrolla el estudio de un conjunto pictórico procedente de los niveles de colmatación de una posible taberna de vocación artesanal/comercial, ubicada en el barrio meridional de Baelo Claudia. Para el análisis de la decoración se ha llevado a cabo un estudio técnico-descriptivo y estilístico de sus elementos, sustentado en los datos obtenidos del contexto arqueológico y completado mediante el análisis arqueométrico del mortero y pigmentos, para determinar la materia prima utilizada, así como la técnica pictórica empleada. Los resultados permiten datar la decoración a finales del siglo I d.C., pudiendo observar el empleo de un esquema pictórico de origen itálico cuyo uso continúa en las provincias desde finales del siglo I hasta el siglo III d.C., adaptándose a los gustos locales, así como el empleo de una técnica mixta de fresco y seco.
A zsidóság megtelepedése
Csanád vármegyében
Authors: Urbancsok Zsolt
Published: February 2025

The first Jews arrived in Csanád county from the region of Pest in the middle of the 18th century. They settled in Földeák in 1743 on the dominium of landowner (dominus terrestis) György Návay. The number of accepted Jewish families increased significantly in a few years. However, the Jewish Communitas was not established in Földeák, but in Mako, the center of the county, in 1746/1747. They were protected and settled by Miklós Stanislavich in the town of Makó. Their first institution was the Chevra Kadisa. The statutes of the Chevra were drawn up in 1747 by Rabbi Eliezer Lipmann of Temesvár. We do not know the date of establishment of communitas judaeorum organizations, since the letter of protection issued by Bishop Stanislavich has been lost. The Jewish Communitas was founded shortly after the establishment of the chevra, probably between 1747 and 1753, and was under the jurisdiction of the bishop-landlord. From time to time, the bishops regulated the rights and duties of the Jews of Makó, as well as the amount of the tax to be paid, in contracts. The first Jewish Communitas in the Great Plain was Makó, which became one of the most important Jewish centers in the region by the end of the late ‚feudal’ period.
Duodenal-Acquired Intestinal Lymphangiectasia After Lymph Node Excision and Inferior Vena Cava Injury in an 18-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Bickford David , Schmoyer Chris , Tse Chung Sang
Published: February 2025

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare disorder characterized by dilation and obstruction of the small bowel lymphatic ducts, resulting in malabsorptive diarrhea and edema. While the majority of IL is congenital and presents in infancy, secondary acquired IL rarely presents as a long-term sequela after abdominal or pelvic surgeries. We report an 18-year-old woman who underwent surgical resection of ovarian cancer with subsequent endoscopic and histologic evidence of duodenal IL. This case highlights the importance of increased endoscopic awareness for iatrogenic acquired IL in clinical practice.
การตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิมในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร
Authors:   มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี, ศรฟ้า เอนก , นาคสวัสดิ์ ณภัทร ,   มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี, ชิตินทร สุทธิพรรณ ,   มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี, ธรรมสอน วัชรีญา ,   มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี, แก้วเถื่อน ศักดิ์อรุณ ,   มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี
Published: February 2025

การศึกษาวิจัยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาพฤติกรรมการตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิมในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร 2) ศึกษาปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่ใช้ในการตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิม ในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร และ 3) เปรียบเทียบความแตกต่างของระดับความสำคัญต่อปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาด จำแนกตามพฤติกรรมการตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภค กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ ผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิมที่อาศัยอยู่ในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร และตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูป จำนวน 400 คน โดยใช้แบบสอบถามเป็นเครื่องมือการวิจัย สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ค่าความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และค่าความแปรปรวนแบบทางเดียว
ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) ผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิมในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร ส่วนใหญ่ร้อยละ 25.25 เลือกซื้ออาหารสำเร็จรูปเดือนละครั้ง ร้อยละ 34.00 โดยซื้อครั้งละ 1-2 ชิ้น ร้อยละ 39.26 ซึ่งมีค่าใช้จ่ายครั้งละไม่เกิน 500 บาท ร้อยละ 42.25 ส่วนใหญ่เลือกซื้อในซุปเปอร์มาร์เก็ต เช่น Tops Supermarket, Gourmet Marmet ร้อยละ 38.00 ทั้งนี้มีเหตุผลในการซื้อคือ รสชาติร่อย ร้อยละ 22.75 2) ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับระดับความสำคัญต่อปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่ใช้ในการตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภคชาวไทยมุสลิมในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร โดยรวม พบว่า ผู้บริโภคให้ความสำคัญอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้านเรียงจากมากไปหาน้อย พบว่า ด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุดคือ ด้านผลิตภัณฑ์) รองลงมาคือ ด้านราคา และน้อยที่สุดคือ ด้านช่องทางการจัดจำหน่าย และ 3) ผลการเปรียบเทียบความแตกต่างของระดับความสำคัญต่อปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาด จำแนกตามพฤติกรรมการตัดสินใจซื้ออาหารฮาลาลแปรรูปของผู้บริโภค พบว่า ผู้บริโภคที่มีความถี่ในการซื้อ สถานที่ในการเลือกซื้อ และเหตุผลในการเลือกซื้อแตกต่างกัน ให้ความสำคัญต่อปัจจัยส่วนประสมทางการตลาดแตกต่างกัน อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 นอกนั้นไม่มีความแตกต่างกัน
แนวทางการปรับตัวในวิถีถัดไปของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร
Authors:   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, ศรีงามผ่อง อดิศร , กี่อาริโย ชญาภัทร์ ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, เจริญชัย อมรรัตน์ ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร
Published: February 2025

การศึกษาวิจัยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาสภาพการดำเนินงานของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร 2) ศึกษาแนวทางการปรับตัวในวิถีถัดไปของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร และ 3) เปรียบเทียบแนวทางการปรับตัวในวิถีถัดไปของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจอาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร จำแนกตามสภาพการดำเนินงานของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ผู้ประกอบการของร้านขายผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้งในจังหวัดสมุทรสาคร จำนวน 184 ราย โดยใช้แบบสอบถามเป็นเครื่องมือวิจัย สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ค่าความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนแบบทางเดียว
ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) สภาพการดำเนินงานของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร พบว่า ธุรกิจส่วนใหญ่ตั้งอยู่ในตลาดประจำอำเภอและจังหวัด โดยดำเนินธุรกิจมาแล้วเป็นระยะเวลาไม่เกิน 10 ปี มีรายได้จากการจำหน่ายผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้งต่อเดือนต่ำกว่า 100,000 บาท โดยมีลูกค้าเป็นกลุ่มนักท่องเที่ยว ซึ่งธุรกิจได้รับการสนับสนุนทางนโยบายการส่งเสริมการขายและกระตุ้นเศรษฐกิจ เช่น โครงการ คนล่ะครึ่ง โครงการเราเที่ยวด้วยกัน โครงการทัวร์ทั่วไทย ที่จำหน่ายหรือขายปลาหมึก เช่น ปลาหมึกแห้ง/ปลาหมึกฉีก/หมึกหยอง/หมึกยืด/หมึกเต่าทอง/หมึกแพไข่/หมึกอ้วนกลม/หนวดหมึก/หมึกแกะตา/หมึกฉาบ มากที่สุด 2) แนวทางการปรับตัวในวิถีใหม่ของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาครโดยรวม พบว่า ผู้ประกอบการให้ความสำคัญอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้านเรียงจากมากไปหาน้อย พบว่า ด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุดคือ ด้านวัตถุดิบและผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง รองลงมาคือ ด้านการขายและช่องทางการจัดจำหน่าย และน้อยที่สุดคือ ด้านเทคโนโลยี และ 3) เปรียบเทียบแนวทางการปรับตัวในวิถีถัดไปของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจอาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาคร จำแนกตามสภาพการดำเนินงานของผู้ประกอบการธุรกิจ พบว่า ผู้ประกอบการที่มีทำเลที่ตั้งของธุรกิจ ระยะเวลาในการดำเนินธุรกิจ รายได้จากการจำหน่ายผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้งต่อเดือน การสนับสนุนจากนโยบายภาครัฐ และประเภทผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้งที่จำหน่ายและขายดีมากที่สุดแตกต่างกัน ให้ความสำคัญต่อแนวทางการปรับตัววิถีใหม่ในการประกอบธุรกิจผลิตภัณฑ์อาหารทะเลแห้ง จังหวัดสมุทรสาครแตกต่างกัน อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05
Synthesis of Calcium Glyceroxide Catalyst from Pensi Shells for CPO-Based Biodiesel Production
Authors: Akbar Addin , Rahmad Dedy , Supriadi Eko , Putri Dwi Kemala
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of a calcium glyceroxide catalyst derived from pensi shells for biodiesel production using crude palm oil (CPO) has been successfully conducted. The catalyst was prepared via the wet impregnation method by reacting CaO with glycerol in methanol as a solvent for 5 hours at 65°C, with catalyst-to-glycerol ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. The glycerol used was obtained from crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel transesterification. CaO was derived from the calcination of pensi shells at 1000°C. The synthesized catalyst was tested for activity in biodiesel production from CPO. The test parameters included catalyst concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%, reaction times of 2 hours and 4 hours, and oil-to-methanol molar ratios of 1:5. The biodiesel yield for a 2-hour reaction time at catalyst concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% was 56.32%, 54.80%, and 50.19%, respectively. For a 4-hour reaction time at the same concentrations, the biodiesel yields were 40.28%, 60.73%, and 65.98%, respectively. Catalyst characterization was performed using XRD, XRF, SEM, and FTIR to support the activity test data. SEM analysis visually confirmed the bonding between CaO and glycerol. XRD results revealed the highest peaks at 2θ angles of 37.621° for CaO and 34.101° for Ca(OH)2, indicating a bond formation between CaO and glycerol. XRF analysis determined a CaO concentration of 96.21%. FTIR analysis identified the presence of glycerol through dominant -OH and C-O groups. The quality of the resulting biodiesel was tested against SNI (Indonesian National Standard) parameters. The analysis showed the highest methyl ester content (95.6%) at a reaction time of 4 hours. The highest oxidation stability (10.77 hours) was observed at a reaction time of 2 hours. Additional results included an acid number of 0.1%, total glycerol content of 0.279%-b, free glycerol content of 0.018%-b, and viscosity at 40°C of 3.559 mm2/s. The quality test results demonstrated that several parameters met SNI biodiesel standards.
Zeolite and Its Potential as a Catalyst: A Study of Alternative Mineral Development in the Process of Converting Sugar Compounds into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Jariyah Ainun , Wae Veronika P. Sinta Mbia , Ngapa Yulius Dala
Published: February 2025

Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from sugar compounds in the form of glucose using natural zeolite catalysts Ende-Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) through activation and modification of Cr metal impregnation processes has been carried out. This study aims to determine the potential of Ende natural zeolite as a catalyst in converting sugar compounds into HMF. The results showed that natural zeolite from Ende without activation, the process of activating acid-base compounds, and zeolite with the Cr metal embedding method had the potential as a catalyst for the transformation of sugar compounds into HMF. The resulting yield of glucose substrate was around 50.17%. Using a Cr-zeolite catalyst resulted in an HMF yield for glucose substrate of 26.78%. Overall, Ende natural zeolite can be used as a catalyst for synthesizing HMF without modification and with Cr metal impregnation.
Právo na soukromí versus bezpečnost ve sjednocené Evropě: zamyšlení nad problematikou „data retention“
Authors: Hořák Jaromír
Published: February 2025

Right to privacy versus security in the unified Europe: consideration on the problems of data retention The right to privacy is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed by both international conventions and the constitutional orders of nation states. Possible restrictions can be imposed only if they are necessary in a democratic society and if the principle of proportionality is observed. The storage of telephone and internet traffic and localization data for purposes of criminal investigation, usually referred to as data retention, is a new phenomenon which gives the government authorities access to the personal information of millions of citizens. By analysing the retained data via traffic analysis the agencies can identify an individual’s associates, habits, political preferences and even his or her location. Directive 2002/58/EC made it possible for several EU-Member States to pass laws that allow for personal telecommunication data to be stored for varied periods of time. In some countries data retention has been made compulsory for the telecommunications’ providers. Although it had not been the case in Britain over the past few years, British providers store a large amount of data on a voluntary basis. In other countries such as Italy and France data retention laws have been in force for some time as an alleged means of combating terrorism and organized crime. In the Czech Republic too a new telecommunication law was adopted last year with provisions on data retention. However, the crucial step was taken only recently when the Data Retention Directive was adopted, which in fact forms a legal basis for the largest monitoring database in the world, tracking all communications within the EU. The opponents of the Directive see data retention as an invasion of privacy and a disproportionate response to the threat of terrorism – a measure both ineffective and harmful.
Srovnání trestního postihu korupce ve vybraných státech
Authors: Gřivna Tomáš
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the worldwide spread problem of corruption. There is not any state without the problem of corruption in the world. The corruption is very dangerous for state, society and economy. Main feature of corruption is its latency. Every state tries to fight with corruption. So the criminalization of corruption by penal code of each state is a very good matter for comparison. The aim of the article is to find out the conjoint and distinct features of crimes consisted in corruption in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, Russian Federation. In all of these states the active and passive bribery are crimes. These crimes could be committed only intentionally. The structure of the offences of passive and active bribery is different. In the Czech Republic the bribe should be in connection with procuring affairs in the public interest. Only a public official according to Russian criminal code could commit the passive bribery. The connection with the performance of a public function is necessary for the bribery in Poland. No such a connection is required by Slovak criminal code that seems to punish the widest range of corruption acts. In nearly all national laws the bribe can be a material or an immaterial advantage (exception: in Russia the bribe must be only a material advantage). The minor gifts are hardly excluded from punish ability by lack of material aspect of crime (insufficient rate of danger to society). According to criminal codes the advantage can be given before or after the offender acts, directly or indirectly to him or to the third person (in agreement with the offender). In all states (except Russia) it is not necessary for the completion of the offence that the offender receives the bribe. Demanding a bribe or accepting the promise of bribe is sufficient. In the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Poland the trading in influence (a person requests or accepts a bribe for the promise to influence a public official or other described person) is also a crime. All criminal codes give the privilege of non-committed crime (effective repentance) for the offender of active bribery if the offender has reported immediately after he was asked for a bribe. The penalties provided for bribery differ from state to state. The maximum imprisonment is from 10 to 15 years for passive bribery if committed under certain aggravating circumstances. The criminal codes include other crimes consisted in bribery (related offences) mainly in the private sector. In the last years such provisions (e.g. commercial corruption) were involved in the Polish penal code as well as in the Russian penal code.
O systému trestů
Authors: Vanduchová Marie
Published: February 2025

The article treats the evolution of the system of criminal punishment in the Czech Republic and selected European countries, the main focus being on the issue of alternative sentencing. The first part of the text brings forward the need of a balanced application of the two antithetical criminal policies that currently influence the penal system. On the one hand there is an effort to limit the unconditional prison sentence and to introduce various forms of alternatives to imprisonment; on the other hand, however, there is a call for more severe criminal sanctions. The second part of the text analyses the origins of the approach that has lead to the introduction of alternative sentencing in Europe and describes the main trends in that criminal policy in the first half of the 20th century and its new dimensions since the 1980s. The analysis implies that the effort focused on the restriction of unconditional imprisonment has had a central position within the criminal policies of European countries, a trend that is to be further developed. The claims on a more intense penal repression should be considered only in terms of a s mail group of the most serious crimes. The third part of the text deals with the penal systems of Germany, France and Finland and their practical application. The best approved type of sentence in these countries is the pecuniary punishment followed by the suspended sentence and, to some extent, the community service. The fourth part analyses the development of alternative criminal sanctions in former Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1989 concluding that the dominant type of sanction with a historical tradition was the suspended prison sentence. The legal provisions, however, were rather unsubstantial and not detailed enough. The pecuniary punishment was applied only rarely in that period, a fact that only corresponded with a primitive legal regulation of that type of sanction. The fifth part contains an overview of legal reforms in the Czech criminal law that have taken place since 1989 in order to achieve a penal system that would live up to European standards. The contemporary judicial practice, analysed in the final part of the text, has achieved a considerable drop in the number of unconditional prison sentences, although the structure of alternative criminal sanctions is still not satisfactory. The recommendation is to both improve the legal regulation of the existing alternative sanctions and to amend the penal system with new forms of sanctions that would reduce the detention character of imprisonment.
Humanitární intervence v současném mezinárodním právu
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan
Published: February 2025

The article discusses humanitarian intervention in current international law with special attention to the relationship with state responsibility. Humanitarian intervention is a reaction to systematic violations of fundamental human rights, which are protected by general international Jaw and are also rules of jus cogens. As a result humanitarian intervention is not a violation of the rule of non-intervention. Nevertheless current state of international law considers humanitarian intervention to be a violation of the rule on prohibition of the use of force, as contained in the UN Charter. Therefore the examination of humanitarian intervention within circumstances precluding wrongfulness is of particular relevance. A legality of humanitarian intervention under circumstances precluding wrongfulness depends on the assessment if the current interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter is equivalent to the customary norm of prohibition on the use of force.
Fabrication and characterization of reduced graphene oxide on MoS2 film for IR detectors
Authors: Gartia Anurag , Pradhan Diana , Sahoo Kiran K. , Biswal Sameer R. , Sabat Somesh , Kar Jyoti P.
Published: February 2025

Graphene has gained tremendous attention in the field of photonics and electronics because of its numerous outstanding properties including zero bandgap, exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, high mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity. At the cutting edge of technology, graphene oxide–molybdenum disulphide hybrid structures have drawn tremendous attention for the development of high efficiency infrared (IR) detectors, where MoS2 film is used for generation of photoelectrons, and reduced graphene oxide is used to enhance the carrier mobility. The production of graphene oxide (GO) in this work is done using a modified version of Hummer’s process, in which GO is thermally reduced for an hour at 350 °C to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The appearance of X-ray diffraction peak, corresponding to (001) and (002) for GO and rGO, respectively confirms the crystalline nature of the materials. The Raman spectra of GO and rGO exhibit distinctive peaks located at 1,358 cm−1 and 1,597 cm−1, which correspond to the D bands and G bands, respectively. The layered structure of rGO is examined by scanning electron microscopy. On the other hand, MoS2 film was grown by the sulphonation of sputtered Mo film on silicon substrate. The characteristic peak of MoS2, corresponding to (002) plane, is observed around 2θ = 14.1° whereas Raman characteristic bands are observed at 386 cm−1 (E1
2g) and 408 cm−1 (A1g). Afterwards, rGO layer was deposited on MoS2 thin film. The highest current On/Off ratio of 45.8 was found under illumination of 1,060 nm IR source. Under illumination at a 1,060 nm IR wavelength, the device demonstrates a responsivity of 0.21 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.83 × 109 Jones.
Cobalt aluminates prepared by ultrasonic-assisted synthesis using different surfactants for Congo red photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Gul Enis Muhammet , Senberber Dumanli Fatma Tugce , Derun Emek Moroydor
Published: February 2025

Bright blue cobalt aluminate powders were prepared using ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. In addition, triethylamine (TEA), butyrolactam (BL), and n-cetyl-n,n,n-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants were used during synthesis to enhance the sample characteristics. The prepared compounds were compared based on their photocatalytic characteristics and the degradation of Congo Red (CR). From X-ray diffraction, the synthesised compounds were identified as CoAl2O4 with a spinel structure. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that polygonal particles were obtained in the ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method whereas rounded particles were obtained in the ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method. The most homogeneous morphology was seen in the co-precipitation sample using TEA, and the smallest particles were observed in the hydrothermal samples using BL. The highest CR removal was achieved in the co-precipitation and hydrothermal samples prepared using TEA, with 46.15 % and 39 % removal, respectively. The determination of the optimal experimental parameters was effective in enhancing the photocatalytic properties of spinel CoAl2O4.
Mathematical modelling of hollow-fiber haemodialysis modules
Authors: Cancilla Nunzio , Gurreri Luigi , Ciofalo Michele , Cipollina Andrea , Tamburini Alessandro , Micale Giorgio
Published: February 2025

This chapter provides an overview of the principles and modelling of membrane-based modules for haemodialysis, the most common renal replacement therapy. Following an introduction on the structure, function and diseases of the kidney, the technological evolution of membranes for blood purification is outlined and the main transport mechanisms involved are described, making a distinction between pure haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration. The main performance figures of a hollow-fiber module are introduced and their dependence on the parameters that characterize the device is illustrated. A multi-scale modelling approach is then presented, in which preliminary single-fiber CFD simulations are used to derive the hydraulic permeability of a fiber bundle and the relevant mass transfer coefficients as functions of the local velocities. The predicted correlations are then fed to a module-scale model, in which blood and dialysate compartments are simulated as interpenetrated porous media while appropriate source terms account for the exchange of solutes and water between the two fluids. The model predictions are three-dimensional flow and concentration distributions, from which, in particular, performance figures such as clearance and ultrafiltration flow rate can be extracted as functions of the module geometrical and physical characteristics. Validation tests are also presented and the results of a parametrical sensitivity assessment are discussed.
A multi-method assessment of pelagic communities in the remote eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Perelman Jessica N. , Assad Victoria E. , Ladroit Yoann , Escobar-Flores Pablo C. , Lindsay Dhugal J. , Bergman Leah A. , Drazen Jeffrey C.
Published: February 2025

Open-ocean pelagic habitats are inherently difficult to study due to their inaccessibility, which limits our ability to properly sample the dynamic nature of these environments. The biology of the pelagic habitat of the eastern Pacific Ocean remains poorly sampled. This region is characterized by the presence of an expanding oxygen minimum zone and an emerging deep-sea mining industry. Here, we provide an integrated assessment of micronekton assemblages across two sampling occasions (spring and fall) using Saildrone active acoustics, shipboard trawls (with a multiple opening and closing net and environmental sensing system), and remotely operated vehicle video footage. Together these surveys provide the most comprehensive, multi-method evaluation of micronekton vertical distributions and migratory behaviors in the remote eastern Pacific Ocean to date. Integrated over 1000 m, acoustic and trawl data showed similar overall patterns with greater total backscatter, abundance, and biomass during the spring compared to fall surveys. However, variability in the vertical distributions of these metrics differed between acoustic and trawl data. The main scattering layers, which accounted for most of the pelagic acoustic backscatter, occurred between 250 m and 500 m (day) and above 100 m (night), but micronekton abundance and biomass from trawl catch were often greatest below 700 m. Trawl collections and video footage collected across depths greatly expanded the observed depth range of the relatively shallow micronekton distributions suggested by surface-based acoustic profiles and provided very different perspectives on taxonomic diversity. Video observations further highlighted the considerable and diverse gelatinous community not observed from trawl collections. We identified several common gas-bearing fish taxa from dissections of trawl-caught fish as the most likely contributors to acoustic backscatter: small ridgeheads (Melamphaidae), lanternfish (Myctophidae), hatchetfish (Sternoptychidae), and lightfish (Phosichthyidae). Our study highlights the need for integrating information from multiple sampling approaches to gain a holistic understanding of pelagic ecosystems.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНО-ЗАВИСИМЫХ ВОЛНОВЫХ ПОЛЕЙ В ДЕФОРМИРУЕМЫХ ПОРИСТЫХ СРЕДАХ, НАСЫЩЕННЫХ ЖИДКОСТЬЮ
Authors: РЕШЕТОВА Г.В. , РОМЕНСКИЙ Е.И.
Published: February 2025

В работе представлена симметрическая гиперболическая термодинамически согласованная модель насыщенной пористой среды для случая конечных деформаций и ее линеаризация для описания сейсмических волновых полей малой амплитуды в пористых средах, насыщенных жидкостью. Модель позволяет описывать волновые процессы для разных фазовых состояний насыщающей жидкости при ее переходе из твердого состояния в жидкое, например при оттаивании вечной мерзлоты и разложении газогидратов под действием температуры. Для численного решения данной модели разработан метод конечных разностей на сдвинутых сетках. С его помощью проведены тестовые расчеты для модели среды, содержащей слой газогидрата внутри однородной упругой среды. Исследование показало, что характеристики волновых полей в насыщенных пористых средах значительно зависят от пористости, которая меняется при изменении температуры.

The paper presents a Symmetric Hyperbolic Thermodynamically Compatible model of a saturated porous medium for the case of finite deformations and its linearisation for the description of small amplitude seismic wave fields in porous media saturated with fluid. The model allows us to describe wave processes for different phase states of the saturating fluid during its transition from solid to liquid state, for example during thawing of permafrost and decomposition of gas hydrates under the influence of temperature. To numerically solve the governing equations of the model, a finite difference method on staggered grids has been developed. It was used to perform test calculations for a model of the medium containing a layer of gas hydrate in a homogeneous elastic medium. The study showed that the characteristics of the wave fields in saturated porous media depend significantly on the porosity, which varies with temperature.
Diagnóstico de una infección por especie emergente de Nocardia mediante MALDI-TOF en un paciente con tuberculosis
Authors: Cámara Reyes Ramón R. , Díaz Carrión Eddie G. , Zúñiga Rosas Marco A.
Published: February 2025

Nocardia infections exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) is the most common. In countries with a high burden of MDR TB such as Peru, co-infection with Nocardia is possible. We report the case of a 91-year-old male with cough, malaise, and weight loss, initially treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum BK positive) without improvement. Subsequent testing with MALDI-TOF identified Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in sputum, confirming coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to rifampin detected through real-time PCR. Rapid diagnostic tools such as PCR and MALDI-TOF enhance diagnostic precision; however, their interpretation must consider individual risk factors to avoid overtreatment and ensure an appropriate therapeutic regimen.
Desasosiego moral en la práctica clínica y su rol en el burnout de médicos jóvenes
Authors: Sogi Cecilia , Villar Aurora , Izaguirre Manuel
Published: February 2025

Se explora la relación entre desasosiego moral entendido como conflicto de valores en la práctica clínica y burnout definido como agotamiento emocional en médicos en formación especializada. Objetivo. Se exploró la relación entre angustia moral y agotamiento emocional. Métodos. Se distribuyó en línea una encuesta que recoge datos personales y de la especialidad con cuestionario de desasosiego moral (DM) y subescala de burnout para trabajo con pacientes del Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Resultados. Participaron 220 médicos residentes, 67% menores de 35 años, en similar proporción varones y mujeres, 44% casados/convivientes, 33% con hijos, 50% de 1ero-2do año, las 2/3 partes cursan especialidades no quirúrgicas y el 11.4% pediatría. Mayor nivel de DM en los que no tienen hijos y cursan 3ero-4to año y mayor burnout en menores de 35 y sin hijos. La “falta de recursos, equipamiento y camas que compromete la atención del paciente” encabezó la lista de situaciones asociadas a DM. Conclusiones. La media del nivel de DM (116.51) fue más alta y la del burnout 37.10 menor que lo reportado en la literatura revisada. El coeficiente de correlación entre DM y burnout en los participantes fue bajo (406).
A korai elbocsátás kritériumainak és biztonságának vizsgálata anastomosissal járó elektív colorectalis műtétek során
Authors: Sztipits Tamás , Hidas Tamás , Vereczkei András
Published: February 2025

Bevezetés: A minimálinvazív műtéteknek és a hatékony
perioperatív protokolloknak köszönhetően a colorectalis műtétek utáni morbiditás
és kórházi tartózkodás csökkenthető, elektív colorectalis műtétek után a betegek
egy része 72 órán belül elbocsátható. A korai emisszió nem rutingyakorlat,
kritériumai nem egyértelműek. Módszer: Retrospektív
kohorszvizsgálatot végeztünk 2022. 03. 01. és 2024. 05. 01. között
anastomosissal járó elektív colorectalis műtéten átesett páciensek körében.
Elemeztük a korai elbocsátás (<72 óra) összefüggését a 30 napos morbiditással
és nem tervezett kórházi újrafelvétellel. A sikeres korai emissziót befolyásoló
tényezők azonosítására demográfiai, anamnesztikus, intraoperatív és
posztoperatív adatokat elemeztünk. Eredmények: Összesen 109
betegen végeztünk elektív colorectalis műtétet. A beavatkozások közül 85
laparoszkópos, 8 robotasszisztált és 4 nyitott műtét volt, 12 stomazárás
történt. A 30 napos morbiditás 8,25% (n = 9), ebből súlyos (Clavien–Dindo 3b)
morbiditás 4,6% (n = 5) volt. A 72 órán belül komplikációval járó eseteket (n =
9) kizártuk. Eseménytelen posztoperatív szak mellett korai elbocsátás 30, ennél
hosszabb tartózkodás 70 betegnél történt (ápolási idő: 67,5 ± 4,13
vs. 99,8 ± 2,06 óra; p = 0,0001). A csoportok homogének
voltak az életkor (57,17 ± 5,27 vs. 61,94 ± 2,75 év; p = 0,09),
a nem (p = 0,83), a testtömegindex (p = 0,13) és a kísérő betegség (p = 0,85)
tekintetében. A bélműködés helyreállása sem különbözött a csoportok között (31,0
± 3,84 vs. 34,5 ± 3,49 óra; p = 0,26). A korai és a normál
csoportban azonos arányban voltak jobb és bal oldali resectiók (p = 0,28), több
stomazárás történt a korai csoportban (11 vs. 1; p<0,00001).
Egyik csoportban sem volt 30 napon belül újrafelvétel, morbiditás vagy
mortalitás. Következtetés: Nem szövődményes elektív
colorectalis resectio és stomazárás után a korai (72 órán belüli) elbocsátás
biztonságos. Orv Hetil 2025; 166(4): 139–145.
Paolo RUMIZ, Il filo infinito. Viaggio alle radici d’Europa, Milano: Feltrinelli, 2019, 174 pp., 14 x 22, ISBN 978-88-07-03324-7.
Authors: Pahor Nada
Published: February 2025

Book Review
Kasanayang Pampagkatuto at Akademik Performans ng mga Mag-aaral ng Filipino 11 sa Ikatlong Distrito ng Carmen, Bohol: Mungkahing Palatuntunang Panlunas
Authors: Pondavilla Jiecel
Published: February 2025

Ang kasanayang pampagkatuto ay isang kasanayan o kakayahan sa pagsasagawa na kinakailangan sa pag-aaral ng isang tao. Ang kasanayang ito ay makakamit lamang kapag ang isang indibidwal ay nagpapakita ng kakayahang magsagawa sa isang partikular na gawain. Ang kasanayang pampagkatuto ay pagsukat kung gaano kahusay ang isang indibidwal na maisagawa ang kinakailangan malinang na kasanayan. Ayon sa pag-aaral ni Patrick (2021) na ang mga puwang sa pagkatuto ay tumataas sa paglipas ng panahon kung ang mga mag-aaral ay kulang sa pundasyon sa mga kasanayan para sa kanilang mga pag-unlad. Upang masuri ang mga kasanayang pampagkatuto at akademik performans na nalinang ng mga mag-aaral, nagsagawa ng pilot testing sa isinagawang talatanungan ng mananaliksik sa sampung (10) mag-aaral ng Grade 11 na hindi sakop ng pag-aaral. Pagkatapos ng pilot test analysis, isinagawa ang pag-aaral sa mga kalahok sa paraang pasulit sa una at ikalawang markahan. Ang sample na populasyon ay umabot sa dalawang daan dalawampu’t apat (224) sa tatlong matataas na paaralan na sakop ng Ikatlong Distrito ng Carmen. Bago ang pananaliksik, ang mananaliksik ay humingi ng pahintulot sa mga kalahok at ang datos ay gagamitin lamang sa pananaliksik. Ang resulta ng pag-aaral ay nagpapakita na ang null hypothesis ay hindi tinanggap. Kaya naman, natuklasan na may makabuluhang pagkakaugnay sa kinalabasan ng akademik performans at mga marka ng mag-aaral sa una at ikalawang markahang pasulit. Natuklasan din na may makabuluhang antas ng baryans sa mga kasanayang pampagkatuto batay sa mga domeyn na pag-alala, pag-unawa, paggamit, pagsusuri, pag-eebalweyt, at paglikha.
Morpo-sintaktika at Pangnilalaman na Pagsusuri sa Sarsuwelang “Walang Sugat” ni Severino Reyes
Authors: Balagot Judy Anne , Orcullo Catherine
Published: February 2025

Ang wikang Filipino ang pagkakakilanlan ng mga Pilipino at kumakatawan sa kultura, tradisyon, at kasaysayan ng bansa. Bilang pagpapahalaga sa wika, mahalagang magkaroon ng mga gawaing nagtataguyod sa paggamit nito. Ang pag-aaral ng mga akda ni Severino Reyes, tulad ng “Walang Sugat,” ay mahalaga dahil sa makasaysayang kontribusyon nito sa panitikan at teatro ng Pilipinas. Ang wika at panitikan ay magkaugnay sapagkat ginagamit ang wika sa paglikha ng panitikan, habang ang panitikan ay nagiging daluyan ng kultura at tradisyon gamit ang wika bilang midyum. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay naglalayong suriin ang morpolohiya, sintaktika at pangnilalaman na aspeto ng “Walang Sugat.” Sinuri ang karaniwang kayarian ng salita, pagbabagong morpoponemiko, at aspekto ng pandiwa pati na rin ang ayos, kayarian, at uri ng pangungusap ayon sa tungkulin. Natuklasan sa pagsusuri sa morpolohiya na madalas gamitin ang maylapi, reduplikasyon, at kontemplatibo habang sa sintaksis naman ay di-karaniwan, payak, at paturol ang pangungusap. Nangingibabaw sa akda ang temang pagmamahal sa bayan at sakripisyo, pagpapahalaga sa moralidad, kulturang Pilipino, at katotohanang panlipunan. Ang mga natuklasan ay may implikasyong nagtataguyod ng mas malalim na kasanayan sa wika at panitikan, na maaaring maging gabay sa pagbuo ng mga kagamitang pampagtuturo para sa epektibong pag-aaral ng Filipino.
Kabisaan ng Dulog Eksperyensyal sa Pagtuturo ng Gramatika sa mga Mag-Aaral ng Filipino 11 ng Pamantasan ng Bohol
Authors: Bongcac Virginia
Published: February 2025

Nilalayon ng pag-aaral na ito ang masukat ang kabisaan ng dulog eksperyensyal sa pagtuturo ng gramatika sa mga mag-aaral ng Filipino 11 ng Senior High School ng Pamantasan ng Bohol, Siyudad ng Tagbilaran, Bohol, Unang Semestre, Taong Panuruan 2019-2020: Mungkahing Kaparaanang Pampagpabuti. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay naihahanay sa eksperimental na pananaliksik at sa pagsusuri ng dokumento na ginamitan ng dalawang pamamaraan sa pagtuturo, ang Tradisyunal at ang Cross-Age Peer Tutoring. Sa pagsusuri ng mga datos ginamit ang sumusunod na istatistikal na pormula: simple percentage, arithmetic mean, t-test, Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation at One-way ANOVA. Sa katiyakan, nilalayong makuha ang propayl ng mga piling mag-aaral sa STEM Filipino 11 batay sa kasarian at akademik perpormans, antas ng kakayahan ng mga mag-aaral sa gramatikang Filipino ng pangkat Tradisyunal at pangkat Eksperimental batay sa apat na komponent sa kakayahang gramatika at ang maimumungkahing kaparaanang pampagpabuti. Batay sa ginawang masusing pagsusuri, napag-alaman ng mananaliksik na mayroong makabuluhang antas ng pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng Pre-Test at Post-Test ng pangkat Tradisyunal at pangkat Eksperimental. Sa nabuong kongklusyon, mas mabisa ang tradisyunal na pamamaraan ng pagtuturo ng gramatikang Filipino. Ito ay nangangahulugan na naging epektibo ang pagtalakay ng guro sa pagkatuto ng mga mag-aaral.
Robust carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification for grassland management in the Great Plains
Authors: Xia Yushu , Sanderman Jonathan , Watts Jennifer D. , Carr Craig , Ewing Stephanie A. , Parisien Alexandra , Burdett Christopher , Hogrefe Todd , Lamoreux John , Bamford Holly
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) has invested heavily in improving grazing management across the United States, with particular emphasis on the Great Plains (Figure EX1). This work advances the goals of many partners (government, business and nonprofit) who share interests in the conservation of grasslands through management and restoration actions that sequester carbon (C) and reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG). Alongside wildlife benefits, NFWF and many other organizations currently estimate the GHG benefits of improved grazing management using simplistic emission factor-based methods; however, our collective confidence in those estimates has been constrained by the short duration and limited sampling (number of samples, spatial extent, controls) of previous studies.
O dinheiro: da reificação das relações sociais até o fetichismo do dinheiro
Authors: BERNARDO JOÃO
Published: February 2025

RESUMO As discussões sobre a definição de dinheiro geralmente estão relacionadas a uma posição secundária tanto de marxistas quanto de não-marxistas. Este artigo visa esclarecer a função do dinheiro na sociedade contemporânea, analisando, em primeiro lugar, as utopias concretizadas da abolição do dinheiro. Depois, uma análise do dinheiro na sociedade europeia.
Renegociação: panaceia ou buraco negro?
Authors: MOURA ALKIMAR R.
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Esta nota gira em torno do tema da renegociação da dívida externa que parece iminente para a economia brasileira. A nota também amplia a discussão para uma visão geral das economias endividadas do Terceiro Mundo.
Proálcool e produção de alimentos
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE MARCOS C. CAVALCANTI DE
Published: February 2025

RESUMO O esforço brasileiro de produzir álcool em substituição a outras fontes de energia tem sido fortemente criticado, principalmente pela substituição de produtos alimentícios e por possíveis crises de abastecimento e pressões inflacionárias. Este artigo tenta analisar os dados disponíveis sobre o tema e mostra que não há evidências suficientes para apoiar a ideia de uma substituição ou impedimento às culturas e que há uma queda generalizada na produção de bens agrícolas.
Keynes e o fim do laissez-faire
Authors: LIMA LUIZ ANTÔNIO DE OLIVEIRA
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Esta nota é uma biografia intelectual de Keynes e da origem de suas principais ideias, com o contexto histórico que fomentou sua formulação.
A reprodução social dos trabalhadores imigrantes
Authors: Vendramini Célia Regina
Published: February 2025

Resumo: O artigo aborda a reprodução social dos trabalhadores imigrantes, considerada discriminada em todos os aspectos da vida, tendo como base para a análise dados estatísticos e pesquisas empíricas. Compreende-se que a questão da reprodução social está ligada às questões mais fundamentais da existência humana, no que diz respeito à reprodução biológica, tanto geracional como diária pela aquisição dos meios de subsistência, à reprodução da força de trabalho e à reprodução das relações sociais de produção.
Sedative protocols for the restraint of coatis (Nasua nasua) for management and monitoring
Authors: Marangoni M. , Mamgue V. E. , Felichak A. G. , Lemes M. T. , Marques A. L. R. , Bellucci M. S. P. , Parola C. M. , Braz P. H.
Published: February 2025

Abstract Coatis (Nasua nasua) are medium-sized mammals of the family Procyonidae, native of South America, characterized by an elongated nose and a long tail with alternating light and dark rings. The Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) plays a crucial role in preserving this and other species within the Iguaçu National Park, where animal capture for tracking, data collection, and medical interventions is performed. In this context, ensuring an effective sedation method is critical. This study aimed to compare the effects of two sedation protocols (dexmedetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam) in coatis, assessing their efficacy and safety. Fourteen free-ranging South American Coatis (Nasua nasua) were captured and randomly assigned for sedation with dexmedetomidine-ketamine (6.0 µg kg-1 and 15 mg kg-1, respectively; group DK) or with tiletamine-zolazepam (7.0 mg kg-1; group TZ) administered in the semimembranosus muscle of the pelvic limb. Physiological variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, noninvasive systolic arterial pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature, were recorded every five minutes since the application. The duration of sedation and quality of recovery was evaluated. Atipamezole was administered for reversal when considered necessary. Data analysis was performed using the t test. Significance was set at p<0.05. In this study, no cases of regurgitation or vomit were observed. The results indicated significant differences in the heart rates between the groups, with group DK exhibiting lower values than group TZ. The average duration of sedation varied between groups, with animals in the group DK exhibiting an average sedation duration of 15 minutes, while animals in group TZ averaged 30 minutes. Notably, only one animal in group DK did not necessitate a new medication dose, while two required reversal. The tiletamine-zolazepam protocol demonstrated superior sedative efficacy in coatis compared to the dexmedetomidine-ketamine protocol, exhibiting enhanced maintenance of physiological parameters, prolonged sedation duration and improved recovery outcomes.