bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of natural resources of the West Kazakhstan region (1990s – early 2000s)
Authors: Buketova Nursulu , Mazhitova Zhanna , Saktaganova Zauresh , Zhanbossinova Albina
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of natural resources in the West Kazakhstan region during the 1990s to the early 2000s. The ecological condition of the region’s natural resources remains one of its most pressing issues, necessitating regular monitoring. Analysis of official data sources revealed that the socio-economic development of the region coincided with the establishment and operation of large industrial and construction enterprises, leading to adverse effects on the region’s natural environment. Monitoring of arable land in areas with dark chestnut soils indicated a continued loss of humus during this period. Presence of nitrates and high permanganate oxidizability suggested the presence of organic compounds linked to the decomposition of heptyl rocket fuel. Disease patterns indicated that populations in the southern areas of the region experienced high chemical burdens alongside radiation exposure. Furthermore, the article addresses concerns regarding the state of forest resources and wildlife, with authors highlighting a significant risk of natural resource contamination by industrial waste from heavy industries in the region.
Forests in Kazakhstan: Issues of conservation and environmental safety
Authors: Zhanbossinova Albina , Mazhitova Zhanna , Saktaganova Zauresh , Atantayeva Bakyt , Kulshanova Arman , Akhmetova Raushan
Published: May 2024

The article discusses issues of forest preservation and environmental safety in Kazakhstan. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of forest cover across regions of Kazakhstan, revealing its low percentage in the Western regions and high in the eastern and southern regions. The article highlights both man-made and natural risks to the forest fund of Kazakhstan. The authors argue that fires, caused by both human activities and natural factors, pose a particular danger to Kazakhstan. Analysis indicates that the dynamics of fires have been intensifying since 2018, which naturally disrupts the structure of the area’s biocenosis. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made for the conservation of biological diversity.
Issues of ecosystem conservation and safety (using the example of the “Semey Ormany” of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Authors: Atantayeva Bakyt , Zhanbossinova Albina , Abdyrakhmanov Tolobek , Kulshanova Arman , Akhmetova Raushan , Abenova Gulnur
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the issues of preserving the integrity of the planet’s ecosystem in a rapidly changing world and climate change on the Earth. The authors note that at the present stage, threats arise in nature that require coordinated actions to restore, ensure the conservation and rational use of natural resources, including unique natural complexes. Among these is the ribbon-like pine forest, the history of which is described in the article. The object of the study is a forest natural reserve located in the east of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the “Semey Ormany”. The authors research environmental conservation activity, forest protection and reforestation activities of the “Semey Ormany”, i.e. activities to protect ecosystems necessary to preserve our environment and ensure sustainability for future generations. The analysis carried out in the article allows us to gain and recommendations were made for the conservation of biological diversity.
On forest management in the forests of the Arctic zone of the European part of the Russian Federation: Problems and solutions
Authors: Surina E.A. , Fevralskaya T.S.
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the problematic issues of timber harvesting in the Arctic zone of the European part of the Russian Federation, the implementation by entrepreneurs of legislation regulating relations in the field of forestry and other issues related to the topic. Taking into account the diversity of functions of forest ecosystems, it is necessary to differentiate forest management in the main directions: especially protective, protective forestry, climate-protective and exploitation. The whole system of forestry measures should be built on the optimization of forest reproduction, increasing their productivity. The studied forests are located in underdeveloped areas, which have high ripening age, low productivity, development of industries with unfavorable impact on the environment. In this regard, in order to improve forest management, it is necessary to take an integrated approach to the selection of harvesting methods, in addition to the intended purpose of plantations and forest type. Accordingly, adaptation scenarios should be built by selecting the necessary forest management measures and their combinations, taking into account the fundamental principles of forest management.
Review of technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions as part of reducing the carbon footprint of plants and useful applications in water-gas stimulation techniques for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Klimov D.S. , Drozdov A.N.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the importance of finding effective technological solutions for CO2 capture and subsequent utilisation in the context of underground storage or underground injection of carbon dioxide in order to implement water-gas effects to enhance hydrocarbon recovery. The authors also focus on current and promising carbon capture methods, comparing their technological features, advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions are drawn about which technological developments may be the most promising for solving the problem of reducing the carbon footprint of energy industry enterprises, and where there is a need for further research, despite the high energy costs and technological complexities.
Lithological and mineralogical signs of the formation and destruction of the Bashkirian stage oil deposits within the Sokskaya saddle
Authors: Korolev Eduard , Eskin Aleksey , Korolev Albert , Barieva Enza , Apkin Renat
Published: May 2024

Oil deposits in sections of the Bashkirian stage of the Sokskaya saddle are considered. It has been established those oil-bearing limestones are represented by leached peloidal-clumpy grainstones. The rocks were formed within the shallow shelf of sedimentation basin of normal salinity. The active hydrodynamics of the aquatic environment predetermined the dense structural packing of organic residues. The migration of aggressive oil-water fluids contributed to leaching of calcite cement from grainstones. Subsequently, the pore-cavernous space was filled with oil. The introduction of edge formation waters into oil-bearing reservoirs contributed to the oxidation of oil and the manifestation of secondary diagenetic mineralization. The initial stage of waterflooding was indicated by dolomitization of reservoir rocks. Due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pore space of rocks, calcite is metasomatically replaced by diagenetic dolomite. At this stage of reservoir rock alteration, a relatively small amount of oil is recovered from oil-bearing formations. The introduction of formation waters enriched with sulfate ions into reservoir layers leads to the precipitation of gypsum-anhydrite aggregates in the pore space of oil-bearing limestones. Calcium sulfate minerals clog the pore-capacitive space of reservoir rocks, reducing their productivity. At the stage of precipitation of gypsum-anhydrite aggregates, mainly mineralized brines with an admixture of oil are extracted from reservoir rocks.
Study of the influence on potassium chloride enrichment technology in potassium ore
Authors: Mavlyanov Muhiddin , Adilova Mohira , Erkayev Aktam , Makhmudov Javokhir , Nuriddinov Abdukhamid , Abdujabborov Sultonbek , Bakhrullayeva Mokhinur , Ochilov Mansur
Published: May 2024

Due to the fact that the rich reserves of potash minerals are decreasing in the world, scientific research is being carried out on the development of effective technologies for beneficiation of minerals containing a small amount of potassium. In this regard, to study the mineralogical composition of low-grade potassium ores of the Tyubetagan mine, to conduct theoretical analysis of the galurgic method of beneficiation and to carry out research in laboratory conditions, to study the influence of various technological parameters on product output and to find optimal conditions, to develop a technological scheme of beneficiation of low-grade sylvinite ores by the galurgic method special attention is paid to the output. In this study, the mineralogical composition of potash ores of Tubegatan mine was studied and methods of beneficiation were proposed according to the relationship between the content of KCl, NaCl, insoluble residue and particle size of potash ores.
The process of obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons by catalytic aromatization of normal hexane on the (2%LA*2%CU*8%ZN/Н-HSZ-30) catalyst
Authors: Fayzullaev Normurot , Rаhmatov Khudoyor , Makhkamov Bakhrom , Mukhamedbayeva Zamira , Boyzoqov Abdusoli , Jabborov Abdug’ani , Hodjiyev Oybek , Pardaboyeva Shaxlo
Published: May 2024

This study of the aromatic production process by catalytic aromatization of normal hexane on (2%LA*2%CU*8%ZN/Н-HSZ-30) catalyst is presented. Laboratory studies were conducted on High catalytic activity (2%LA*2%CU*8%ZN/H-HSZ-30) catalysts for catalytic aromatization of linearly structured hexane at 400, 450, and 500°C, atmospheric pressure to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. Catalytic aromatization of normal hexane at 400 °C showed high activity of the catalyst for iso-compound formation reactions and high hydrogen cyclization ability at 500°C. Based on the study of the characteristics of the high-catalytic-activity catalyst used to catalytically aromatize regular hexane to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, the used catalyst shows the structural properties, the reduction in the number of active metals in the catalyst used for the catalytic aromatization of regular hexane to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, which has a high catalytic activity. shown and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are the main components of the fuel, were found to form a catalyst with a high octane number.
Plasma-chemical pyrolysis of a mixture of fuel oil and methyl tert-butyl ether
Authors: Bodrikov I.V. , Shirokov D.A. , Udalov A.A. , Bodrikova E.R. , Titov E.Y.
Published: May 2024

NTP-pyrolysis of heavy petroleum products is a difficult task due to high viscosity, low hydrogen-to-carbon ratio and tendency to polycondensation with formation of high-molecular products. The use of oxygen-containing compounds for NTP-pyrolysis can reduce the yield of polycondensation products due to internal oxygen. In the present work, NTP pyrolysis of fuel oil in the presence of oxygen-containing additive (methyl tert-butyl ether) was carried out at a current source voltage of 700V. The influence of the content of the doping component in the range of 5-15 wt% on conversion, energy consumption and product composition was investigated. At increase in the content of methyl-tert-butyl ether up to 15 wt% in fuel oil the energy consumption decreases and the yield of gaseous products increases from 21.7 to 47.9 wt%. Carrying out NTP-pyrolysis process in the presence of oxygen-containing additive leads to an increase in the depth of processing of heavy fractions.
Investigation of the conditions for the formation of moisture deficiency in Northern Kazakhstan using the method of hydrological and climatic calculations
Authors: Kusainova Aisulu , Mezentseva Olga , Tusupbekov Zhanbolat
Published: May 2024

The article investigated the conditions for the formation of moisture deficiency in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of northern Kazakhstan. The growth of moisture deficiencies affects the yield of grain crops. The work used statistical, cartographic, analytical, and analogy methods. The hydrological and climatic calculation method developed by V.S. Mezentsev and tested in Western Siberia and adjacent territories of Kazakhstan was used as the main method for obtaining the calculated heat and water balance characteristics of the studied territory. Meteorological data obtained at meteorological stations in agricultural areas was used as initial data. Using the regression equation, the dependence of cereal crop yield on humidification in the Akmola region and the estimated yield schedule for 2024 were built. On the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, quite close dependencies between the yield and the degree of humidification have been identified. The yield of grain crops in the Akmola region was influenced by a lack of moisture for 54%. In general, during the warm period of the average year, the soil moisture resources of the studied area are not able to provide favorable conditions for the appropriate growth and development of crops.
Patterns of distribution of eluvia soils in the oil region of Tatarstan
Authors: Latypov Airat , Garaeva Anastasiya
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of eluvial deposits in the southeastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of river erosion, a highly dissected and rugged terrain has formed here. Its characteristic elements are erosion-denudation watersheds separated by narrow river valleys and terraced slopes. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the differences in the structure of weathering profiles in carbonate and terrigenous soil massifs are due to the structural and mineralogical features of rocks that were formed at the stage of sedimentation and subsequent diagenesis. In the central part, on the site of the upper plateau, the rocks underwent mainly physical weathering processes, on the site of the middle plateau – chemical weathering processes, on the site of the lower plateau – physical and chemical weathering processes. Such selectivity in the manifestation of hypergenic processes is due to the predominant lithotypes of sedimentary rocks composing the surfaces of the upper, middle and lower plateaus of the studied territory. Based on the conducted research, the zoning of the studied territory was performed and an engineering and geological map was built. The results obtained made it possible to understand the mechanism of weathering of carbonate and terrigenous rocks, as well as to assess the potential change in their physical and mechanical properties during the construction and operation of buildings and structures.
Sorption-spectroscopic of Rhenium ion production of detection methods
Authors: Mirzakhmedov Rustamjon , Madusmanova Nazira , Usmonaliev Jahongir , Rakhmonqulov Raimqul , Mirusmanova Farangiz , Mirusmanova Parizoda , Kayumova Nafisa
Published: May 2024

In this research article, the sorption-spectroscopic of Rhenium ion production detection methods is presented. Various sorbent types were ascertained by the vismutol-2 reagent’s immobilization levels and ideal operating conditions. The process of immobilizing the vismutol-2 reagent to the carrier was discovered, and the perfect circumstances for its convoluted formation using Rhenium (III) ions and metrological characteristics were established. A compassionate and selective sorption-spectroscopic approach is demonstrated for identifying the ions of Rhenium (III). The devised sorption spectroscopy was used on natural cakes, technological fluids, and industrial waste; mathematical statistics were used to interpret the results, and details regarding its application in the study were provided.
Efficience of multistage fracturing in horizontal wells of the Kashiro-Podolsk deposits
Authors: Voronova Eugenia , Petrova Larisa
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the methods of extracting reserves from complex carbonate reservoirs based on a complex of geological and technical measures. The parameters influencing the technological efficiency and the increase in oil production are analyzed. These include geological and filtration-capacitive heterogeneity, as well as technological parameters. The division of carbonate rocks into petrotypes is considered in order to assess their impact on input technological indicators – water content, oil flow rate. Geological conditions have been studied, as well as geological and technical parameters that have a significant impact on oil production and reservoir flooding during the multistage acid fracturing. The studied relationships allow for a detailed analysis of the success of events and a detailed approach to the selection of candidate wells.
Hydromechanical vibrator-pulsator for restoring the injectivity of injection wells
Authors: Zaripova Lilia , Shaydakov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The article presents a bench model of a vibrator pulsator with a hydromechanical principle of operation designed for processing the bottom-hole zone of the reservoir of injection and production wells, columns of tubing, field pipelines.The design uses a spring-loaded rotary valve. The design of the test bench is described. According to the results of bench tests, the parameters of the pulsator’s stable operation were revealed: at a liquid flow rate of 0.012 m3/s, the oscillation amplitude of the pulsator body was 300 microns, the amplitude of liquid pressure fluctuations was 1.8 MPa at a frequency of 8 Hz. The results of field tests for cleaning columns of pumping and compressor pipes, field pipelines of oil collection are presented.
The current state of the issue of corrosion protection of oil and gas facilities
Authors: Zainagalina Liaisan , Mitichkina Polina , Suleimanov Rustem , Stepanova Razifa
Published: May 2024

In this paper, modern methods of protecting oil and gas equipment from corrosion are considered. The types of corrosion and their characteristics are listed. The features of the operating conditions of oilfield equipment are described. The damage caused by corrosion is shown. The methods of protection of equipment from corrosion, their features, advantages and disadvantages are given. used to minimize, control and monitor corrosion. The article presents an algorithm of actions to combat corrosion. Possible ways to solve the problem of corrosion by using online corrosion monitoring using interactive ultrasonic thickness sensors are presented.
Equipment and technologies for improving the processes of transportation of drilled rock
Authors: Zainagalina Liaisan , Suleimanov Rustem , Zaripova Lilia
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an analysis of existing equipment for cleaning the bottom of the well from sludge during rotary drilling is carried out to find ways to improve the processes of transporting drilled rock. The article is devoted to the issue of improving the processes of transportation of drilled rock in the process of drilling oil and gas wells. Complications and accidents during the wiring of directional and horizontal wells are presented, the cause of which is insufficient well cleaning. The relevance of the task related to the development of highly efficient equipment and technologies for cleaning the bottom of the well from drilled rock is substantiated. An over-drilling device has been developed for cleaning vertical, inclined and horizontal wells from drilled rock. A schematic diagram of the work of the developed technical solution to improve the efficiency of cleaning the face and trunk of vertical, inclined and horizontal wells from drilled rock when drilling with a roller bit is presented.
Investigation of fracture geometry
Authors: Khusnutdinova Regina , Yusupova Liliya , Almukhametova Elvira , Yalovega Danil , Muradian Areg , Khusnutdinov Rafis
Published: May 2024

This article presents a study on hydraulic fracturing as one of the most effective methods of increasing the flow rate of wells, namely, the importance of evaluating the geometry of a hydraulic fracturing fracture when designing in difficult geological conditions is considered. The quality and success of the event depends on the correct assessment of the predicted crack geometry and the volume of the injected proppant. The fracture geometry is influenced by the mechanical properties of the rock, so, in the article, the results of a study of the mechanical properties of the core by dynamic and static methods are presented, and the main characteristics of the dependence are given. The results of modeling the fracture geometry of hydraulic fracturing at the stage of analysis of mini hydraulic fracturing are also presented. The findings indicate the need to use data on the mechanical properties of core samples with a high clay content to achieve more accurate predictions of the crack geometry. It is recommended to use a correlation model of the mechanical properties of rocks to account for various factors such as horizontal stress and poroelasticity coefficient. The development of new approaches to the analysis and modeling of these parameters will allow us to create more reliable tools for predicting the behavior of cracks in rocks and effectively managing the process of hydraulic fracturing.
Modeling of geological and technical measures based on drilling a well with modified valve assembly parameters
Authors: Abdyukova Rima , Petrova Larisa
Published: May 2024

In the course of the research, an analysis of the development of geological and technical measures at various fields was carried out. The justified application of these measures has been studied, and recommendations have been made to increase the efficiency of oil recovery based on drilling wells with modified valve assembly parameters. The conducted research allows us to obtain optimal performance indicators of pumping equipment associated with such parameters as pressure, flow, taking into account the lowest cost of repair work. For this purpose, modeling of geological and technical measures based on drilling a well with modified parameters of the hydraulic assembly of the drilling pump has been developed. This design solution allows you to obtain optimal performance of the drilling pump, taking into account the lowest costs for current and major repairs. These studies aimed at finding optimal geological and technical measures (GTM) related to increasing the productivity of drilling pumps and oil recovery in general are very promising and relevant.
Fondements, principes, actualité et perspectives de la méthode phénoméno-structurale en psychopathologie
Authors: Barthélémy Jean-Marie
Published: May 2024

Dans les années 1920 Eugène Minkowski aborde la schizophrénie à partir d’une approche phénoménologique et structurale qui l’instaure à la fois en continuité et rupture avec les conceptions d’Eugène Bleuler. Il l’insère en effet dans une compréhension psychopathologique inédite des mécanismes qui en circonscrivent à la fois les principes et les modalités expressives. Transposée ensuite à l’analyse approfondie des troubles dépressifs d’intensité variable tels qu’énoncés dans le langage spontané et courant de ses patients cet angle d’approche s’étend à une représentation d’ensemble d’un temps vécu essentiel dans l’élaboration et l’évolution de l’existence humaine atteinte ou épargnée par les désordres psychiques. La porte est ainsi entrouverte pour une méthode d’approche des principes structuraux qui déterminent les fondements de la vie humaine à travers toutes ses potentialités et activités d’expression. Nous tracerons ici les grandes lignes d’un parcours de plus d’un siècle de ce qui est devenu l’un des courants de la psychopathologie au carrefour d’une pathologie du psychologique et d’une psychologie du pathologique.
Discontinuité d’existence dans le stress post-traumatique
Authors: Bahuaud Marie
Published: May 2024

La définition du traumatisme selon F. Lebigot (2009) souligne l’impact de l’effroi sur la psyché et le corps, en tant que « rencontre avec le réel de la mort ». La phénoménologie nous invite à nous attarder sur cette question de « se voir mourir » et les modifications profondes que cette effraction va provoquer sur l’être-au-monde de la personne qui vient nous consulter. Les manifestations traumatiques et leurs déclinaisons dans la vie quotidienne sont autant de moments de rupture, de discontinuité et d’envahissement des éprouvés. C’est à travers le récit de Djamal et de Léonore que nous aborderons ces différents moments. Ces deux présentations cliniques, contrastées, nous font toucher, de près et de loin, les vécus et leur métamorphose narrative. Que la langue soit « étrangère » ou non, la parole de l’un et de l’autre va tenter de donner forme, à la fois comme retentissement intérieur de la voix, mais également comme réflexivité et saisie d’une altérité. Dans ce face-à-face renouvelé et imprévisible de chaque séance, « quelque chose » va se nouer, se rythmer, résonner, s’éprouver, comme autant de modulations créatives et d’affirmations existentielles.
Unabhängig mit mehr Verantwortung – Sektoraler Heilpraktiker
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: May 2024

Der Direktzugang ist ein Traum vieler Physiotherapeut*innen. In einigen Fällen ist er schon jetzt möglich – dann nämlich, wenn man die Zulassung als „Sektoraler Heilpraktiker“ erworben hat. Stephanie Hügler erklärt, welche Voraussetzungen gelten, was sich mit dem Titel ändert und was zu beachten ist.
„Wir brauchen verstärkte Mitarbeit im gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss“ – Interview mit Hannah Hecker
Authors: Zwerenz Anna
Published: May 2024

Hannah Hecker ist im Vorstand von PHYSIO-DEUTSCHLAND Baden-Württemberg und nahm an der Podiumsdiskussion des Therapiegipfels 2023 teil. Im Interview mit Anna Zwerenz berichtet sie über die zukünftigen Herausforderungen von Physiotherapeut*innen, die aktuellen Schwerpunkte der Berufsverbände für das Jahr 2024 und wie man sich als Therapeut*in berufspolitisch engagieren kann.
Aus ReMoS wird TheMoS – Leitlinie Therapie der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Dohle Christian , Saal Susanne
Published: May 2024

Die Arbeitsgruppe „ReMoS“ (Rehabilitation der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall) trägt die Evidenz von Therapieverfahren zur Verbesserung der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall zusammen. Dabei zeichnet sich ab, dass spezifische und intensive Therapiemaßnahmen die Mobilität verbessern können. Aktuell wird die Leitlinie überarbeitet und wird zu TheMos (Therapie der Mobilität nach Schlaganfall).
Chapter 2: My Hearing Aid Isn't Working Like It Used to…
Authors: Zitelli Lori , Palmer Catherine
Published: May 2024

This chapter will take you through specific patient complaints and the test box measures you can use to address these complaints. These measurements give you data that aid in your decision making about what is wrong, if anything, with the hearing aid and how you might address the problem. Before we discuss specific patient complaints and problems, let us review the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) guidelines for hearing aid testing in a test box.
“It Would Be All-Consuming”: Community Parents' Perceptions of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Balistreri Kathryn A. , Tager Julia B. , Lim Paulina S. , Davies W Hobart , Lerret Stacee M. , Magner Kristin K. , Scanlon Matthew C. , Rothschild Charles B. ,   for the Milwaukee Collaborative for Resilience and Emotional Wellness Science (Milwaukee CREWS)
Published: May 2024

Parents of children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may have expectations which could contribute to their emotional experiences both during and after hospitalization. This study aimed to evaluate community parents' knowledge and perceptions of the PICU to enhance understanding of preexisting concerns that may influence PICU experiences. English-speaking parents who had a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years old participated. Participants (n = 211) were mostly female (77%), white (72%), and married (72%). Participants completed an online survey regarding demographics and PICU knowledge. Participants were randomized to read a vignette in which a friend disclosed their child's PICU hospitalization either due to surgery, an accident, or chronic health condition. After reading the vignette, participants reported on the expected length of stay (LOS), survival expectations, and expected level of distress. Parents responded to open-ended questions regarding anticipated stressors, parent needs, and PICU resources. Parents overestimated the LOS and underestimated the survival rate. They expected PICU hospitalization to be highly distressing, primarily due to concerns about their hospitalized child, and that parents would need and have emotional support available to them. Parents may come into the PICU with preexisting concerns regarding medical outcomes. It is important that PICU providers assess for and address any parent misperceptions about their child's illness immediately upon admission and frequently throughout hospitalization. It is important to offer and encourage the use of psychosocial support services.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Rescue Therapy in Pediatric Bupropion Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Olives Travis D. , Sweat Christopher N. , Dorsey-Spitz Lauren , Bahadori-Esfahani Farbod , Arens Ann M. , Cole Jon B. , Somani Arif
Published: May 2024

Objective Our objective was to describe clinical characteristics and course of pediatric bupropion ingestions requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) life support.

Desgin The study included a retrospective cohort of patients ≤18 years of age reported to a regional poison control (PC) system covering three states in the upper Midwest United States. All bupropion exposures ≤18 years of age, coded as receiving ECMO to treat toxicity, were included. Clinical presentation and management including ECMO are presented as descriptive statistics.

Results During the study period, 4,951 bupropion exposures were reported; 1,145 (23.1%) were children. Nine patients were coded as undergoing ECMO; four (44.4%) were ≤18 years of age (median 16, range 14–17). All were treated with venoarterial ECMO. The median time from ingestion to presentation was 2.25 hours (range: 1–3.5). Median first systolic blood pressure and pulse were 100 mm Hg (range: 70–124) and 119.5 (range: 70–175). The median time from ingestion to ECMO was 17.63 hours (range: 7.25–33.75); median number of vasopressors was 2.5 (range: 2–3). All experienced multiple seizures, ventricular dysrhythmias, and hypotension. Three of four sustained cardiac arrest. All but one required transfer to an ECMO-capable facility for definitive care. Three patients survived with full neurologic recovery; one died.

Conclusion Pediatric bupropion cases requiring ECMO were rare in this study. Time to initiation and duration of EMCO suggest that the variable onset of hemodynamic instability may delay ECMO initiation. It is incumbent on PCs and medical toxicologists to educate prescribers and pediatricians about bupropion's potential lethality and to consider early transfer to an ECMO center.
Lateral Posterior Method for Depth Correction while Using the Gates Protocol for GFR Estimation: Is it Comparable to the Gold Standard GFR Estimation by Plasma Sampling?
Authors: Gokhale Shefali Madhur
Published: May 2024

Background Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation by Gates protocol using the gamma camera for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) dynamic renography has not compared well with the gold standard GFR by plasma sampling method. This is because depth of the kidneys is generally not considered. Our aim was to study whether manual depth correction using the skin to middle of kidney distance in lateral view and posterior aspect-lateral posterior method would reduce the bias in the Gates GFR as compared with the gold standard.

Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 27 adult prospective renal donors who underwent GFR by plasma sampling and DTPA dynamic renography at Inlaks and Budhrani Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India between January 2022 and April 2023. The entire data was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ver 21.0, IBM Corporation, United States) for MS Windows.

Results There is no significant agreement between plasma sampling versus gamma camera method and plasma sampling versus lateral posterior method for depth correction for GFR measurements; however, the evidence of systemic bias is lower for the gamma camera method compared with the lateral posterior method for depth correction as against the plasma sampling method.

Conclusion The lateral posterior method for depth correction while using the gamma camera-based Gates protocol is not a reliable method for depth correction in the western Indian adult population with preserved renal function.
Nonlinear phenomena in charge transport properties of a hole-doped organic spin-liquid compound
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Yesil Emre , Zhang Luming , Nomoto Tetsuya , Akutsu Hiroki , Krivchikov Alexander , Nakazawa Yasuhiro
Published: May 2024

The nonlinear electric conductivity of κ-(BEDT-TTF)4Hg2.89Br8, which is known as a hole-doped spin liquid, has been observed by single crystal transport measurements using dc and ac excitations. This compound is known as a charge transfer complex with strong magnetic fluctuations accompanied by electron mass enhancement at ambient pressure. We discuss the nonlinear dc conductivity drastically emerging below 100 K. We also performed ac impedance measurements of this compound and compared the results with those of a typical dimer-Mott compound of deuterated κ-(d8-BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br, located just near the Mott boundary. The analyses of the Nyquist plots of κ-(d8-BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br and κ-(BEDT-TTF)4Hg2.89Br8 reveal qualitatively different features. The former shows a behavior pertinent to the inhomogeneous distribution of domains due to a mixing of metal and insulating phases, taking into account the influence of the proximity effect, while the doped spin liquid has a distinct semicircle-type frequency dependence in its Nyquist plot in the whole temperature range studied. We conclude that the nonlinear conductivity is intrinsically peculiar to the doped dimer Mott system, where the charge degrees of freedom dominate the itinerancy. We attribute the anomalous features, such as non-Fermi liquid behavior, heat capacity enhancement, and strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations in κ-(BEDT-TTF)4Hg2.89Br8, to a kind of charge confinement effect retained in the hole-doped spin-liquid state.
Identifying protein conformational states in the Protein Data Bank: Toward unlocking the potential of integrative dynamics studies
Authors: Ellaway Joseph I. J. , Anyango Stephen , Nair Sreenath , Zaki Hossam A. , Nadzirin Nurul , Powell Harold R. , Gutmanas Aleksandras , Varadi Mihaly , Velankar Sameer
Published: May 2024

Studying protein dynamics and conformational heterogeneity is crucial for understanding biomolecular systems and treating disease. Despite the deposition of over 215 000 macromolecular structures in the Protein Data Bank and the advent of AI-based structure prediction tools such as AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold, static representations are typically produced, which fail to fully capture macromolecular motion. Here, we discuss the importance of integrating experimental structures with computational clustering to explore the conformational landscapes that manifest protein function. We describe the method developed by the Protein Data Bank in Europe – Knowledge Base to identify distinct conformational states, demonstrate the resource's primary use cases, through examples, and discuss the need for further efforts to annotate protein conformations with functional information. Such initiatives will be crucial in unlocking the potential of protein dynamics data, expediting drug discovery research, and deepening our understanding of macromolecular mechanisms.
Characterization of the temperature-dependent superelastic and elastocaloric effects of a NiTi tube under compression at 293–330 K
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Yan Xu , Li Xueshi , Zhang Jiongjiong
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive characterizations of the superelastic and elastocaloric effects of NiTi and NiTi-based shape memory alloys (SMA) in the operation temperature region are highly desirable for using them in elastocaloric coolers with a large temperature lift. In this article, we report the superelastic and elastocaloric effects of a commercially available superelastic polycrystalline NiTi SMA tube with an outer diameter of 5 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm between 293 and 330 K. The NiTi tube sample was subjected to a training of 250 cycles to stabilize its superelastic and elastocaloric effects. We observed that temperature dependencies existed for both superelastic and elastocaloric effects of the NiTi tube, and stress–strain curves differed much between isothermal and adiabatic loading conditions. The largest temperature rise and temperature drop measured at 293 K under an applied strain of 3.66% and a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 during loading and unloading were 21 and 11 K, respectively. The loading conditions (loading function and holding time) also impacted the superelastic effect of the NiTi tube. We identified two major reasons for the irreversibility of the adiabatic temperature change: the hysteresis heat dissipation and the temporary residual strain after unloading, and they affected the cooling performance of the elastocaloric cooler in different ways. We investigated the dependencies of the superelastic and elastocaloric effects on the maximum applied strain and the temperature distribution on the NiTi tube during loading and unloading. The results are beneficial to the modeling of elastocaloric coolers with large temperature lifts.
Entropic uncertainty relations for measurements assigned to a projective two-design
Authors: Rastegin Alexey E.
Published: May 2024

The current study aims to examine uncertainty relations for quantum measurements assigned to a projective two-design. Complete sets of mutually unbiased bases and symmetric informationally complete measurements are important cases of such measurements. To characterize the amount of uncertainty, we use the Tsallis and Rényi entropies as well as the probabilities of separate outcomes. The obtained results are based on an estimation of the index of coincidence. They improve some uncertainty relations given in the literature.
Nature of spontaneous signal and detection of radiation emitted from hydrogen Rydberg matter
Authors: Zeiner-Gundersen S. A. , Olafsson S.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we report on laser-induced radiation and spontaneous radiation emitted from a chamber containing hydrogen Rydberg matter. The emitted isotropic radiation penetrates a 3-mm-thick steel wall and several meters of air. The radiation can be detected using a simple photoelectric multiplier (PM) detector with aluminum foil covering the front end of the PM tube. The experimental setup, how to initiate the radiation, and radiation detector construction are discussed in this article. In addition, the detector stability and time development of detector response when the chamber is activated by gas loading and laser excitation are reported. Gamma-ray sensitivity, x-ray sensitivity, and pulse shape are further examined to characterize the emitted radiation. The results presented herein have been recorded for the past 4 years. The extensive and extended research shown in this work verifies that when hydrogen enters an iron oxide Rydberg state catalyst containing potassium, the catalyst will eventually emit penetrating radiation that behaves as x rays. The radiation can easily be detected using several detector methods. The spontaneous signal shows all indications of being x-ray radiation in character. The findings of this study regarding hydrogen’s behavior in materials have not been previously reported and require additional investigation by other research teams.
Optimizing focal resolution imaging in Lamb wave time-reversal through periodic plate-column structures: Simulation and experimental study
Authors: Zheng Chenxi , Liu Yuechao , Shen Ronghe , Xu Guidong , Xu Chenguang , Xu Baiqiang , Zhang Sai
Published: May 2024

Ultrasonic guided wave non-destructive testing technology, as one of the most widely used techniques in non-destructive testing, has encountered challenges in breaking the diffraction limit to achieve finer super-resolution imaging during its development. As a type of wave accompanying ultrasonic guided wave damage detection, the transient wave has had the potential to achieve super-resolution imaging in recent years due to its high wave number and sub-wavelength characteristics. In order to overcome its spatial attenuation characteristics, this study constructs a periodic plate-column structure metamaterial. By utilizing its resonance with sub-wavelength Bloch modes at specific frequencies and the interaction with transient waves carrying sub-wavelength information, the wave carrying sub-wavelength signals is amplified, transformed, and transmitted to the far field, thereby achieving super-resolution imaging. The dispersion characteristics of the periodic plate-column structure were simulated and experimentally investigated. The super-resolution imaging effect of the periodic plate-column structure metamaterial was simulated using the time-reversal imaging method and experimentally validated, providing a basis for achieving damage super-resolution imaging with periodic plate-column structures.
Fixed-matrix regenerators optimization with wire mesh screens using entropy generation minimization method
Authors: Saraireh Mohammad
Published: May 2024

The thermodynamic efficiency of a wire mesh fixed matrix regenerative heat exchanger mainly depends on the regenerator’s heating performance and losses. This paper aims to increase the effectiveness and decrease the pressure loss of static regenerators with wire mesh screens as packing geometry. The entropy generated for several combinations of mesh screens is calculated by using the entropy generation minimization method (EGM), and this method helps in finding the right combination with the minimum entropy generation. The study aims to minimize entropy generation by dividing the conventional uniform mesh regenerator pack length into multiple zones by accommodating different combinations of wire mesh screens. For the sample flow condition, it is observed that 3.94 × 103 W/K entropy is generated by uniform mesh, and from 68 hybrid mesh combinations, 80–120–200 generated 2.11 × 103 W/K. By balancing pressure loss and thermal efficiency, the potential of EGM-based optimization is underscored during this study, which improves the regenerator’s performance.
Dynamics of femtosecond lasers and induced plasma in non-Kerr nonlinear transparent materials: Competing effects of electron–hole radiative recombinations and single-electron diffusions
Authors: Ndifon I. Ngek , Dikandé Alain M.
Published: May 2024

Modern laser micromachining utilizes ultrashort optical fields, such as femtosecond lasers, to perform high-precision processings on solid materials, including cutting, drilling, ablation, polishing, and scripturing. Femtosecond laser-based material processings can induce a plasma of free electrons whose density depends on physical phenomena such as single-electron diffusions, multiphoton ionization, and electron–hole radiative recombinations. In this work, we examine the dynamics of femtosecond lasers in transparent materials with non-Kerr nonlinearity, taking into account the generation of an electron plasma. In these specific materials, a balance between the nonlinearity and the group-velocity dispersion of the optical medium can favor the formation of optical filaments propagating with a permanent shape by virtue of their “solitonic” features. We are interested in the effects of the competition between electron–hole radiative recombination and single-electron diffusion processes on the spatiotemporal profiles of the propagating optical field and of the plasma density. The model features a complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with an optical nonlinearity of a general saturable form and a Kth-order nonlinearity term accounting for K-photon ionization processes, coupled to a rate equation for the electron plasma density where the present terms are representing avalanche ionizations, single-electron diffusion, and electron–hole radiative recombination processes. The modulational-instability analysis suggests that the continuous-wave regime will be stabilized by strong electron–hole radiative recombination processes for a fixed value of the single-electron diffusion coefficient, a stability enhanced by an increase in K. In the nonlinear regime, numerical simulations of the model equations for different combinations of the nonlinearity-saturation exponents and different values of the photon number K unveil soliton train structures forming from the laser field propagation and the time evolution of the plasma density. These structures turn out to be either dissipative soliton trains in the absence of electron–hole radiative recombinations or soliton crystals when electron–hole radiative recombination processes are taken into consideration to balance the damping effect caused by single-electron diffusions.
Couple-stress nanofluid flow comprising gyrotactic microbes subject to convective boundary conditions: Numerical solution
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Bilal Muhammad , Ullah Saif , Mostafa Almetwally M. , AlQahtani Nouf F. , Saqib Abdul Baseer
Published: May 2024

Couple-stress nanofluids have multiple potential applications in numerous industrial and engineering sectors, such as energy production, medical diagnostics, thermal control systems, and the aerospace industry. Couple-stress nanofluids have the ability to improve the heat exchange properties and elevate the performance of nuclear power plants, solar panels, and other renewable energy sources. Therefore, in the current analysis, a non-homogeneous nanofluid model is considered to examine the non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow across a prolonging sheet. The flow has been studied under the significance of generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, convective boundary conditions, and the heat source/sink. The modeled equations are simplified into a dimensionless lowest-order system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. The numerical outcomes are achieved by using the “ND-Solve” approach. It has been noticed that the energy field decreases because of the Prandtl number’s impacts, whereas it increases with the increase in the heat radiation parameter. The couple-stress nanoliquid’s velocity decreases vs increasing values of the magnetic field and mixed convection parameter. The influence of thermal relaxation and couple-stress parameters falls off the energy field. Furthermore, the intensifying effect of Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio increases the fluid temperature.
Fault diagnosis of power transformers based on t-SNE and ECOC-TEWSO-SVM
Authors: Hu Shifeng , Wu Jun , Ciren Ouzhu , Zhu Ruijin
Published: May 2024

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have achieved significant success in the field of power transformer fault diagnosis. However, challenges such as determining SVM hyperparameters and their suitability for binary classification still exist. This paper proposes a novel method for power transformer fault diagnosis, called ECOC-WSO-SVM, which utilizes a White Shark Optimizer (WSO) and error correcting output codes to optimize SVMs. First, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is employed to reduce the dimensionality of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) features constructed using the correlation ratio method, from 26 dimensions. In addition, to effectively solve the hyperparameters of SVMs, a multi-strategy fusion method is proposed to improve the WSO, incorporating tent chaos initialization, elite opposite learning, and selection strategies, forming TEWSO, and its superior optimization performance is validated using IEEE CEC2021 test functions. Furthermore, to address the limitations of SVMs as a binary classifier, an error correcting output code fusion SVM is introduced, thus constructing a multi-class SVM model. Finally, the diagnostic performance of the ECOC-TEWSO-SVM model is validated using real-world data. Results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits the best diagnostic performance compared to traditional models and those in the literature, thereby proving the significance and effectiveness of the proposed model.