bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma spp antagonism to phytopathogens causing cassava root rot in alagoas
Authors: Silva Izael Oliveira , Amorim Edna Peixoto da Rocha , Junior Nelson Augusto Nascimento , Peixinho Georgia Souza , Carnaúba Juliana Paiva , Neto Vicente Ferreira de Araujo
Published: July 2020

Several are phytopathogens that limit the production of cassava (Manihot esculata Crants) being rot of the roots to which they marry the greatest loss in the crop reaching 70%. This culture is of high interest to the Northeast region of Brazil, providing great losses. The difficulties in management have directed the search for alternatives, among which, biocontrollers have shown significant results. This literature review aimed to gather information related to the rot of cassava root cv Rosinha, the main phytopathogens and antagonistic activities of Trichoderma in the control of diseases in the state of Alagoas. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Capes portal (theses and dissertations), journals and books. To obtain information on: root rot of table cassava, Trichoderma spp., as a biocontrol agent of phytopathogens.
THE DRAMATIC STRUCTURE OF TOURISM ADVERTISEMENT “WONDERFUL INDONESIA EPISODE TORAJA-MAKASSAR”
Authors: Afrianto Damar Tri , Santiko Putut Bayu
Published: July 2020

The study of digital advertisement of the tourism was based on the potential of dramatic elements seen in the "Wonderful Indonesia episode of Toraja-Makassar"  advertisement released by the Ministry of Tourism of Republic Indonesia. This research uses the approach and theory of William Wells’s advertising video and Gustav Freytag's dramatic structural theory. The results of this study indicate that important elements in the "Wonderful Indonesia episode Toraja-Makassar" included Rambu Solo', Masilaga Tedong, creative process of weaving, carving, and Tau-Tau sculpture. Voice over in audio uses English. Talent is very good at material. Advertising props contains of South Sulawesi tourism destinations. Setting of advertisement video located in cultural centers in South Sulawesi. Lighting uses soft light and hard light. The graph varies by using long shots, and close ups. Pacing is in normal speed. This ads presents a coherent structure starting from exposition, conflication, climax, conclusion and resolution. In addition, the advertising scenario is packed close to the reality, so that the audience is carried away to the real life This is able to motivate the North Toraja government to create tourism promotion content through video ads that are more attractive.
SNP marker association for incrementing soybean seed protein content
Authors: Bernardeli Arthur , Borem Aluízio , Lorenzoni Rodrigo , Aguiar Rafael , Nayara Basilio Silva Jessica , Delmond Bueno Rafael , Ribeiro Cléberson , Piovesan Newton , Dal-Bianco Lamas Costa Maximiller
Published: July 2020

Soybean seed protein content (SPC) has been decreasing throughout last decades and DNA marker association has shown its usefulness to improve this trait even in soybean breeding programs that focus primarily on soybean yield and seed oil content (SOC). Aiming to elucidate the association of two SNP markers (ss715630650 and ss715636852) to the SPC, a soybean population of 264 F5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a bi-parental cross was tested in four environments. Through the single-marker analysis, the additive effect () and the portion of SPC variation due to the SNPs () for single and multi-environment data were assessed, and transgressive RILs for SPC were observed. The estimates revealed the association of both markers to SPC in most of environments. The marker ss715636852 was more frequently associated to SPC, including multi-environment data, and contributed up to  = 1.30% for overall SPC, whereas ss715630650 had significant association just in two locations, with contributions of  = 0.76% and  = 0.74% to overall SPC in Vic1 and Cap1, respectively. The RIL 84-13 was classified as an elite genotype due to its favorable alleles and high SPC means, which reached 53.78% in Cap1, and 46.33% in MET analysis. Thus, these results confirm the usefulness of the SNP marker ss715636852 in a soybean breeding program for SPC.
ПРАКТИЧНА ПІДГОТОВКА ВЧИТЕЛІВ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США
Authors: Леврінц М. І.
Published: July 2020

У статті висвітлюються особливості практичної складової програм підготовки вчителів-філологів у США на підставі аналізу навчально-методичної джерельної бази, яка забезпечує організацію шкільної педагогічної практики, зокрема навчальні програми педагогічної практики, довідники з педагогічної практики для студентів і навчальні плани програм підготовки вчителів. У дослідженні застосовано методи тематичного аналізу, контент-аналізу і порівняння. Зростання важливості практичної складової освітніх програм супроводжується застосуванням численних заходів, спрямованих на формування професійно-педагогічних умінь, а саме: зміщення практичного компонента на ранній етап освітніх програм; підвищення вимог до практичної підготовленості майбутніх учителів, що відображено у жорсткій системі моніторингу; оновлення дидактичних підходів в організації практики; сфокусованість освітніх стандартів на практичних уміннях й іншомовній компетентності студентів.

З’ясовано, що основними дидактичними підходами, які застосовуються під час шкільної педагогічної практики в американських університетах  є спостереження (100%), укладання планів-конспектів занять, планування іншомовного освітнього процесу (100%), ведення рефлексивних журналів (86%), супровідні семінарські заняття (64%), укладання портфоліо (57%), опрацювання фахової літератури (57%), самооцінювання (57%), розроблення зразка практики у викладанні (43%), заняття-конференція, в ході якої обговорюється хід педагогічної практики студентом, супервізором й іноді ментором (43%), відвідування й участь у професійних заходах (36%), відеозапис власних уроків (36%), кейс-метод (14%) та ін.
ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ МУЗИЧНО-КРАЄЗНАВЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГА У ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Боднарук І. М.
Published: July 2020

У статті розкрито актуальність дослідження процесу музично-краєзнавчої діяльності педагога у закладі вищої освіти. На основі аналізу наукових джерел визначено зміст поняття «музично-краєзнавча діяльність». Виділено та охарактеризовано основні напрями такої діяльності: науково-дослідницький, навчально-методичний, організаційно-виховний, музично-просвітницький. З’ясовано, що музично-краєзнавча діяльність викладача повинна проводитися систематично та носити комплексний характер.

Описано багаторічний досвід роботи колективу кафедри музики Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича в галузі музичного краєзнавства. Особливо відзначено ґрунтовну та різнопланову музично-краєзнавчу діяльність засновника і першого завідувача кафедри музики, народного артиста України, відомого композитора та диригента, професора Андрія Миколайовича Кушніренка та доцента кафедри музики Олександра Васильовича Залуцького.

Зроблено висновки, що музично-краєзнавча діяльність педагога сприяє підвищенню його загальної музичної культури, розвитку творчих здібностей, організаційних і дослідницьких умінь; дозволяє зробити музичне мистецтво рідного краю ефективним засобом виховання особистості кожного студента.
PENGEMBANGAN E-MODULE KIMIA BERBASIS EXE-LEARNING PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Manulang Edolfin , Linda Roza , Noer Asmadi M.
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted only to the extent development, according of this research to develop and produce electronic module exe-learning based on reaction rates that is valid for use in learning based on ratings validator. The research was designed by research design with Plomp design which consist of four (4) steps; (1) preliminary investigation, (2) design, (3) realization, and (4) validation, evaluation, revision. The data are the assessment by the validator teams, teachers and learners’ respondent. The aspects of the assessment which are material substance, educational design, appearance and software. From the research, it gained validation value with score 94,35% from media validator and 88,12% from material validators. User response scores by teachers and learners were obtained 92,7% and 92%, respectively with very good criteria.
Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Bread Enriched with Alternative Proteins
Authors: García-Segovia Purificación , Igual Marta , Martínez-Monzó Javier
Published: July 2020

A projected global population growth by 2050 and climate change crises have led to increasing demand in edible protein sources; thus, scientific research and food industries are searching for alternatives. In this study, we investigated the incorporation of plant- and insect-based protein sources in wheat-based formulations. The Alveographic properties of dough and the effects on bread physicochemical and sensory characteristics were analysed. Including pea protein or insect powder improved the nutritional value, increasing protein content, but influenced the dough and bread properties. Pea protein significantly increased the dough extensibility (L), tenacity (P), and their ratio (P/L) in dough with insect blends and the control. Bread texture properties were significantly affected by the addition of pea and insect flour. Higher amounts of pea protein incorporation increased hardness values and showed a mean cell area lower than the control bread. Crust colour analysis showed significant differences concerning the control bread, while crumb colour was affected by the flour colour. Word association analysis showed insect bread was associated with an emotional dimension, wheat bread was linked with “tradition”, and pea bread was associated with “fruit and vegetable”.
Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Red and White Wines against Escherichia coli: In Vitro Inhibition Using Fish as Food Matrix
Authors: Santoro Heidi Christine , Skroza Danijela , Dugandžić Anđela , Boban Mladen , Šimat Vida
Published: July 2020

Five different wines (standard Graševina, macerated Graševina with and without sulfur, rosé, and standard Plavac Mali), all typical Croatian wines, were tested to determine the antimicrobial activity against two Escherichia coli bacterial strains (ATCC® 25922 and ATCC® 8739) in vitro and using sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets as food matrix. The chemical composition of wines (pH, acidity, alcohol, total phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, and sulfur content) and antimicrobial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), agar-well diffusion method) were determined. The total phenolic content of the wines ranged from 305–3210 mg gallic acid equivalents per liter (GAE/L), and did not correlate to antimicrobial activity. The two wines with the lowest phenolic content (standard Graševina and rosé) had the lowest MIC values (122 and 429 mg GAE/L). A specific relation between the winemaking process and a particular MIC value was not established. There was also no relation found between the pH value, ethanol content, sulfur, or phenolics in regards to the antimicrobial effect. In fish fillets marinated in wine + water mixture (v/v = 1:1) and inoculated with 7 log colony forming units (CFU)/25 g the growth of bacteria was reduced after three days of storage at 4 °C. Subsequent storage resulted in the growth of bacteria in all samples, with the lowest growth of E. coli ATCC® 25922 in macerated Graševina and E. coli ATCC® 8739 in standard Graševina. All wines showed the capacity to reduce the number and growth of heavily infected sea bass filets, but correlation with specific wine constituents was not found. Taking into account the numerous reactive mechanisms between food and wine, all in vitro studies in controlled laboratory conditions should be further verified in the relevant environment, and additional research is needed to clarify the role of individual wine components in the mechanism of antimicrobial activity.
Sourdough Fermentation Degrades Wheat Alpha-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitor (ATI) and Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Huang Xin , Schuppan Detlef , Rojas Tovar Luis E. , Zevallos Victor F. , Loponen Jussi , Gänzle Michael
Published: July 2020

The ingestion of gluten-containing foods can cause wheat-related disorders in up to 15% of wheat consuming populations. Besides the role of gluten, α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATI) have recently been identified as inducers of an innate immune response via toll-like receptor 4 in celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. ATI are involved in plant self-defense against insects and possibly in grain development. Notably, they are largely resistant to gastrointestinal proteases and heat, and their inflammatory activity affects not only the intestine, but also peripheral organs. The aim of this study was to understand the changes of ATI throughout the sourdough and yeast-fermented bread-making processes. ATI tetramers were isolated, fluorescein-labelled, and added to a mini-dough bread-making system. When the pH decreased below 4.0 in sourdough fermentation, the ATI tetramers were degraded due to the activation of aspartic proteases, whilst in yeast fermentation, ATI tetramers remained intact. The amylase inhibitory activity after sourdough fermentation decreased significantly, while the concentration of free thiol groups increased. The glutathione reductase activity of Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis did not contribute to the reduction of ATI tetramers. Compared to the unfermented wheat, sourdough fermentation was able to decrease the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in quantitative ATI extracts added to the human monocytic cell line THP-1. The current data suggest that sourdough fermentation can degrade ATI structure and bioactivity, and point to strategies to improve product development for wheat sensitivity patients.
NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming
Authors: Lucarini Massimo , Di Cocco Maria Enrica , Raguso Valeria , Milanetti Flavia , Durazzo Alessandra , Lombardi-Boccia Ginevra , Santini Antonello , Delfini Maurizio , Sciubba Fabio
Published: July 2020

Brassicaceae family provides several crops which are worldwide known for their interesting phytochemical profiles, especially in terms of content of glucosinolates. These secondary metabolites show several beneficial effects toward consumers’ health, and several studies have been conducted to identify cultivation factors affecting their content in crops. One of the agronomic practices which is attracting growing interest is the organic one, which consists in avoiding the use of mineral fertilizers as well as pesticides. The aim of this study is to define the metabolic profile of Brassica oleracea (var. italica) and to compare the samples grown using organic and conventional fertilization methods. The hydroalcoholic and organic extracts of the samples have been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Forty-seven metabolites belonging to the categories of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, sterols, and other molecules have been identified. Thirty-seven metabolites have been quantified. Univariate and multivariate PCA analyses allowed to observe that the organic practice influenced the nitrogen transport, the carbohydrate metabolism, the glucosinolate content and the phenylpropanoid pathway in B. oleracea (var. italica).
Safety of Probiotics: Functional Fruit Beverages and Nutraceuticals
Authors: Žuntar Irena , Petric Zvonimir , Bursać Kovačević Danijela , Putnik Predrag
Published: July 2020

Over the last decade, fruit juice consumption has increased. Their rise in popularity can be attributed to the belief that they are a quick way to consuming a dietary portion of fruit. Probiotics added to fruit juices produce various bioactive compounds, thus probiotic fruit juices can be considered as a new type of functional foods. Such combinations could improve nutritional properties and provide health benefits of fruit juices, due to delivering positive health attributes from both sources (fruit juices and probiotics). However, this review discusses the other side of the same coin, i.e., the one that challenges general beliefs that probiotics are undoubtedly safe. This topic deserves more acknowledgments from the medical and nutritional literature, as it is highly important for health care professionals and nutritionists who must be aware of potential probiotic issues. Still, clinical trials have not adequately questioned the safety of probiotics, as they are generally considered safe. Therefore, this reviews aims to give an evidence-based perspective of probiotic safety, focusing on probiotic fruit beverages and nutraceuticals, by providing documented clinical case reports and studies. Finally, the paper deals with some additional insights from the pharmacological and toxicological point of views, such as pharmacological repercussions of probiotics on health.
The Effects of Fiscal and Tax Incentives on Regional Innovation Capability: Text Extraction Based on Python
Authors: Qi Yawei , Peng Wenxiang , Xiong Neal N.
Published: July 2020

The regulation of fiscal and tax policies is an imperative prerequisite for improving the regional innovation capability. In view of this, an attempt was made to select 31 provinces and cities in China as the research object from 2009 to 2018, to extract the fiscal and tax policy text encouraging innovation of the Chinese provinces and cities based on Python, and analyze their impact on regional innovation capability from both a text data and numerical data perspective. It is noteworthy that most of the provincial fiscal policies just follow the national fiscal policies. Each province does not formulate fiscal and tax policy according to its own unique characteristics. Fiscal policies and regional innovation capability exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Based on the results of the dynamic panel data model, it is seen that the R&D input and industrial structure are the main sources of improving innovation capability. The fiscal expenditure for science and technology, fiscal and tax policy text, macro tax burden, business tax (BT), and value-added tax (VAT) have a significant boosting effect on the regional innovation capability. However, the corporate income tax hinders the regional innovation capability. Finally, through the robustness test of invention patents, it is found that the fiscal and tax policy text, macro tax burden, and business tax still have a positive effect on invention patents, but the role of value-added tax has changed from promotion to obstruction, and the corporate income tax has become a significant obstacle on invention patents. This shows that China should build a tax system that promotes fair competition, reduce the tax burden of enterprises, encourage enterprises to conduct independent R&D, and guide enterprises in the evolution from the low-tech to high-tech innovation by improving the tax structure and fiscal technology expenditures.
Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici PFC69 and Lactococcus lactis PFC77 Bacteriocins and Their Antimicrobial Activities in Tarhana Fermentation
Authors: Kaya Halil İbrahim , Şimşek Ömer
Published: July 2020

Tarhana is a traditional cereal product fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast strains that has gained special interest recently as an infant nutrition. Tarhana contains wheat flour, yogurt, and various vegetables that might create a microbiological toxicological risk, especially for Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, characterization of the metabolites responsible for antibacterial activity of Pediococcus acidilactici PFC69 and Lactococcus lactis PFC77 strains obtained from tarhana was performed, and antibacterial effects were detected against B. cereus ATCC 11778 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 during the fermentation. A total of 12,800 AU/mL antibacterial activity was observed for the supernatants of the PFC69 and PFC77 strains that were found to be stable at high temperature and in low pH conditions and sensitive to proteases, suggesting the antimicrobial metabolite is a bacteriocin. These bacteriocins were further purified and their molecular sizes were determined as 4.5 and 3.5 kDa, respectively. Importantly, inoculation of PFC69 and PFC77 to tarhana dough significantly decreased B. cereus ATCC 11778 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 amounts from the fifth day of fermentation compared to the control dough samples. P. acidilactici PFC69 and L. lactis PFC77 strains were concluded as bioprotective cultures for tarhana and these strains were offered for other cereal-based fermentations.
Impaired Hypothalamic Microglial Activation in Offspring of Antibiotic-Treated Pregnant/Lactating Rats Is Attenuated by Prebiotic Oligofructose Co-Administration
Authors: Cho Nicole A. , Nicolucci Alissa C. , Klancic Teja , Wang Weilan , Sharkey Keith A. , Mychasiuk Richelle , Reimer Raylene A.
Published: July 2020

Microbial colonization of the gut early in life is crucial for the development of the immune and nervous systems, as well as influencing metabolism and weight gain. While early life exposure to antibiotics can cause microbial dysbiosis, prebiotics are non-digestible substrates that selectively promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota. Our objective was to examine the effects of dietary prebiotic administration on the consequences of maternal antibiotic intake on offspring body weight, behavior, and neuroimmune responses later in life. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were given low-dose penicillin (LDP), prebiotic fiber (10% oligofructose), or both, during the third week of pregnancy and throughout lactation. Anxiety-like behavior, weight gain, body composition, cecal microbiota composition, and microglial responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were assessed in offspring. Male and female prebiotic offspring had lower body weight compared to antibiotic offspring. Maternal antibiotic exposure resulted in lasting effects on select offspring microbiota including a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus, Lactococcus, and Eubacterium at 10 weeks of age. Maternal antibiotic use impaired microglial response to LPS in the hypothalamus compared to control, and this phenotype was reversed with prebiotic. Prebiotic fiber warrants further investigation as an adjunct to antibiotic use during pregnancy.
Metabolic Profile of Steers Subjected to Normal Feeding, Fasting, and Re-Feeding Conditions
Authors: Ortolani Enrico , Maruta Celson , Barrêto Júnior Raimundo , Mori Clara , Antonelli Alexandre , Sucupira Maria , Minervino Antonio
Published: July 2020

The effects of feeding, fasting, and re-feeding on the metabolic profile of growing cattle were studied. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 12 crossbred steers weighing approximately 300 kg during the following periods: 11 h of normal feeding (postprandial period), 48 consecutive hours of fasting, followed by 48 h of re-feeding. Compared with the postprandial period, fasting caused the following modifications: moderate hypoglycemia accompanied by remarkable lipolysis detected by the increase in plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs); absence of hepatic lipidosis, as there were no changes in aspartate aminotransferase activity or serum cholesterol levels; mild ketogenesis, confirmed by the slight increase of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB); increased amino acid burn for energy production, verified by the increase in serum urea contents. There were strong positive correlations between the plasma levels of FFAs and βHB (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), fasting duration and FFA concentration (r = 0.92; p < 0.00001), and fasting duration and serum urea (r = 0.52; p < 0.001); there was a negative correlation between fasting duration and blood glucose (r = −0.52; p < 0.0001). During this same period, mild hypovolemia characterized by an increase in intravascular volume deficit was observed. The metabolic condition observed during fasting was completely reversed during re-feeding, except for the temporarily higher proteolysis.
Information technologies in modern medicine, scopes of application and ways of development
Authors: Krylov A.
Published: July 2020

The article considers the basic directions for using computer technologies in modern medicine. The main scopes of its application and ways of further development are described.
The effects of concurrent treatment of silymarin and lactulose on memory changes in cirrhotic male rats
Authors: Ghobadi Pour Mozhgan , Mirazi Naser , Alaei Hojatollah , Radahmadi Maryam , Rajaei Ziba , Monsef Esfahani Alireza
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Chronic liver disease frequently accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in HE, make an easier entrance of ammonia among other substances to the brain, which leads to neurotransmitter disturbances. Lactulose (LAC), causes better defecation and makes ammonia outreach of blood. Silymarin (SM) is a known standard drug for liver illnesses. The purpose of this research was to determine the results of LAC and SM combined treatment, on the changes in memory of cirrhotic male rats. Methods: The cirrhotic model established by treatment with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks. Cirrhotic rats randomized to four groups (n = 7): TAA group (received drinking water), LAC group (2 g/kg/d LAC in drinking water), SM group (50 mg/kg/d SM by food), SM+ LAC group (similar combined doses of both compounds) for 8 weeks. The control group received drinking water. The behavior examined by wire hanging (WH), passive avoidance (PA), and open field (OF) tests. Results: Our findings showed that treatment with SM+LAC effectively increased PA latency, compared with the control group. The results showed that the administration of LAC and SM+LAC affected the number of lines crossed, the total distance moved and velocity in the OF tests. Conclusion: SM and LAC have anti-inflammatory effects that are memory changing. It may be due to their useful effects. These results indicated that SM+LAC restored memory disturbance and irritated mood in the cirrhotic rats. Comparable neuroprotection was never previously informed. Such outcomes are extremely promising and indicate the further study of SM+LAC.
Root dentin surface activation to improve bioceramic bonding: Ascanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Qaiser Shazeena , Hegde Mithra N. , Devadiga Darshana , Yelapure Mahalaxmi
Published: July 2020

Background. Bioceramics need to interact chemically with dentin to exhibit adequate bioactivity.Proper bonding of bioceramics with dentin is of considerable importance. This study aimed to evaluatethe wettability and marginal adaptation of bioceramics after the use of surface-active agents on dentin:%0.5 cetrimide and %1 alkylbenzene sulfonate. Methods. Of ninety maxillary central incisors, 45 teeth were sectioned longitudinally with 45 roothalves randomly assigned to three groups (n=15): group I: no pre-treatment; group II: %0.5 cetrimide;group III: %1 alkylbenzene sulfonate. Then, the samples were subdivided into three subgroups (n=5):subgroup I: MTA; subgroup II: Biodentine, and subgroup III: BioRoot. A controlled-volume dropletof bioceramic material was placed on each root half, which was positioned in a dynamic contact angleanalyzer to record the static contact angle for wettability. The remaining 45 samples were decoronated;the root canals were prepared and randomly categorized, as mentioned above. The root canal surfaceswere treated, filled with the bioceramic material, transversely sectioned, and then each middle sectionwas analyzed microscopically for marginal adaptation. Statistical tests used included post hoc Tukeytests and one-way ANOVA. The level of statistical significance set at %95 (P<0.05). Results. The contact angle values and interfacial gap width values after surface pre-treatment weresignificantly lower when compared to no pre-treatment group (P<0.05). The values were significant for%0.5 cetrimide in the case of Biodentine and %1 alkylbenzene sulfonate in the case of BioRoot (P<0.05). Conclusion. The two surfactants yielded promising results for enhancing the wettability and marginaladaptation of materials to the root dentin, which is required for obtaining an adequate seal, penetration,and bond strength of bioceramics.
Effect of nutrition education on weight gain and macronutrients intake during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Goodarzi Khoigani Masoomeh , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Mardanian Farahnaz , Riahi Roya , Ardian Nahid , Salehi Kobra , Asemi Efahani Neda , Jouzi Mina
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: The imbalance between energy intake and consumption has been recognized as an important factor contributing to the gestational weight gain (GWG). Additionally, the determination of the effect of macronutrient composition on GWG has been recommended by researchers. Therefore, we examined the effect of nutrition education on weight gain, energy, and energy-adjusted macronutrients intake during three trimesters of pregnancy which have not been widely studied. Methods: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was performed on 192 primiparous pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran, from May 2015 to September 2016. Data were collected using a questionnaire completed through interviews with pregnant women and prenatal care-related records. We developed an individualized calorie-appropriate diet for each participant at enrollment and then three 45-60 minute training sessions were held at 6-10, 18, and 26 weeks of pregnancy and the subjects’ weights were measured during these sessions. A consecutive 3-day food intake record at 6-10, 18 and 34-36 weeks was obtained from two groups to determine the macronutrients. Moreover, physical activity scores were estimated before and after the intervention. Results: The mean weights at 18, 26, and 40 weeks of gestation were significantly lower in the intervention group ( P=0.024, P=0.040, and P=0.015, respectively). The total energy, energy-adjusted carbohydrate and protein intake at 6-10, 18, and 34-36 weeks of gestation were not significantly different between the two groups (P >0.05). However, the mean energy-adjusted fat intake decreased ( P=0.043). In addition, the mean energy-adjusted dietary fiber intake was significantly higher in the intervention group ( P=0.001). Conclusion: In the present individualized calorie-appropriate trial, the mean weights decreased during three trimesters in the intervention group. Additionally, calorie, energy-adjusted carbohydrate and protein intake did not change after intervention while energy-adjusted fat intake decreased.
Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa damascena Mill on the cardiac angiogenesis in diabetic male rats
Authors: Nosrati Shiva , Zarei Mohammad , Salehi Iraj , Soleimani Asl Sara , Komaki Alireza , Moradkhani Shirin
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: The cardiac angiogenesis is one of the complications of diabetes. The oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense of the body. In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia induces increased oxidative stress through biological processes. Diabetes is also associated with reduced antioxidant defense by reducing glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Rosa damascena Mill has antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of R. damascena Mill on cardiac angiogenesis in diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study carried out in 2016, a total of 48 adult male Wistar rats (190-200 g) were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6) including control, extracts (200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg), diabetic, and diabetic plus extracts (200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) and the rats were gavaged with different doses of extract for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and the rat hearts were removed for immunohistochemistry study. Results: The treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of R. damascene Mill had no significant effect on cardiac capillary density [F (7, 40)=0.5, P>0.05] and the serum levels of VEGF [F (7, 40)=0.406, P>0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in blood glucose level in extract groups compared to control rats as well as diabetic plus extract groups compared to diabetic rats [F (7,40)=0.787, P>0.05]. Conclusion: According to our results, the hydroalcoholic extract of R. damascene Mill had no effect on cardiac angiogenesis in the normal and diabetic subjects. These findings were probably due to the insufficient amounts of effective ingredients, especially flavonoids, in this plant, or the duration of extract administration.
A new in vivo model for analysis of colon carcinoma micrometastasis in BALB/c mice
Authors: Abedizadeh Roya , Rezvan Hossein , Nourian Alireza
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the fourth leading cause of death across the world. The fate of patients depends on the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Micrometastases are small clusters of cancer cells with no diagnostic evidence during diagnosis and surgery. Therefore, experimental models for micrometastasis are necessary to investigate tumors. We developed a mouse model to evaluate micrometastasis of colon carcinoma cells by systemic injection of tumor cells. Methods: In this study, stably transfected CT26 cells expressing Leishmania major GP63 were intravenously (IV) injected into BALB/c mice for induction of micrometastases. The mice were divided into three groups and the groups were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 14 of the injection. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on tissue samples to detect Gp63 gene. Results: Our results showed the successful construction and transfection of pcDNA3 L. major Gp63 into CT26 cells. After IV injection, total cellular RNA was extracted and the Gp63 gene was detected in the liver, lung, and kidney but not in the colon. Conclusion: Due to the significance of micrometastasis and the need to establish simple models for cancer research, an experimental mouse model was developed. CT26 tumor cells stably expressing Gp63 generated a potent system for diagnosis of micrometastatic cells in tissues. Injection into the tail vein is a practical model for cancer research because of the lower fatality rate and no need for anesthesia
INFLUÊNCIA DA IDADE NA ULTRASSONOGRAFIA RENAL DE CÃES E GATOS
Authors: Reis Castiglioni Maria Cristina , Da Silva Jeana Pereira , Oliveira Natália Borsato , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline
Published: July 2020

Para o correto diagnostico clínico de doença renal, é importante que se conheça o aspecto normal dos órgãos e sistemas, incluindo como o amadurecimento, crescimento e envelhecimento podem influenciar os parâmetros nos exames diagnósticos. O rim é um órgão de extrema importância para a manutenção da homeostase corporal, e o comprometimento de sua função pode resultar em desequilíbrios, predispondo a morte. Deste modo torna-se primordial a detecção precoce de lesões renais, sendo o exame ultrassonográfico rotineiramente usado na avaliação renal. Nos mamíferos os rins são considerados imaturos ao nascimento, passando por um gradativo processo de amadurecimento e, com o envelhecimento o rim é submetido a um progressivo processo degenerativo. Ambos os processos resultam em alterações ultrassonográficas morfológicas, dimensionais e vasculares que não são consideradas patológicas, sendo um assunto bem estudado na medicina humana. Em humanos é relatada a presença de diferenças ultrassonográficas significativas entre os rins de neonatos, crianças, adultos e idosos. Na medicina veterinária existem poucos estudos que demonstrem a influência da idade sobre o aspecto ultrassonográfico renal, sendo a maioria destes estudos direcionados para a diferença dos valores hemodinâmicos renais entre cães jovens e adultos, mas não entre cães adultos e idosos  ou entre diferentes faixas etárias de gatos. Ademais, as diferenças bidimensionais e morfométricas relacionadas à idade são ainda pouco estudadas, tanto nos cães quanto nos gatos. Embora a influência da idade sobre a ultrassonografia renal seja bem evidente em humanos, existe ainda um déficit de estudos em cães e gatos.
DICTIOCAULOSE EM BOVINOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LONDRINA, PR, BRASIL
Authors: Schade Jackson , Mincarelli Albernaz Raquel , Faria dos Reis Antônio Carlos , Fonteque Joandes Henrique
Published: July 2020

A dictiocaulose é uma afecção respiratória causada por helmintos do gênero Dictyocaulus spp., considerada potencial causa de queda na produtividade e morte de bovinos no Brasil e em outros países do mundo. Este trabalho descreve o relato de infecção por Dictyocaulus viviparus e dictiocaulose em bovinos no município de Londrina, PR. A associação das condições ambientais, nutricionais e imunológicas, juntamente com controle parasitário inadequado favoreceu o desenvolvimento da doença, ressaltando a importância da afecção como diagnóstico diferencial de doenças respiratórias dos bovinos na Região Sul do Brasil.
WHO IS THAT MYSTERIOUS WE IN RUSSIAN AND ESTONIAN? (ON THE METAPHORICAL USE OF 1st PERSON PLURAL FORMS)
Authors: Kupp-Sazonov Sirje
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the metaphorical use of 1person plural forms in Russian and Estonian. Personal pronouns is one of the first topics that is introduced to the learner of any language. In Russian and Estonian the systems of personal pronouns are quite similar. The essence of the 1person plural is primarily defined as follows: ‘a speaker refers to himself or herself and somebody else’. That somebody else can be one person, many people, or even people in general. It can sometimes be very difficult to decide to whom we refers. The metaphorical use of 1 person plural forms is not identical in Russian and Estonian. Some metaphorical uses are regular in Russian but are not common in Estonian; it depends on the cultural and linguistic traditions of the language in question. In the paper will be analysed some cases of metaphorical use, such as 'royal we', 'authorial we', plural of modesty, 'doctoral we', ‘sartorial we’, 'mother’s we' etc. It is noticeable that these metaphorical uses can cause some difficulties in learning the language and also in the translation process. It can be claimed that in Russian and with some limitations also in Estonian the 1 person plural can “replace” all the other pronouns and verb forms. It is important to keep in mind these differences between languages when teaching or translating.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF LAND ON THE EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES
Authors: Alekseeva N.A.
Published: July 2020

The article considers changes in the legislation on the circulation of agricultural land, which are aimed at stimulating the development of property institutions and land leases, as well as modern trends in the organizational and legal relations between owners and tenants of agricultural land. The contribution of the resource potential of agricultural production cooperatives to the development of the resource base of agriculture has been assessed using the example of the Udmurt Republic. Factors of organizational and legal order have been identified, which affect the level of development of internal production cooperation. The impact of organizational and legal factors concerning the registration of land plots on the effectiveness of agricultural production cooperatives has been analyzed and assessed. The factor that characterizes the relationship between the level of legal registration of land and the efficiency of land use is justified. It is recommended to apply this factor to adjust various estimates of land turnover. There is a weak relationship between the organizational and legal forms of land management and the profitability and current liquidity of cooperatives in relation to the municipal districts of the Udmurt Republic. Conclusions are drawn on the state and trends of development of intra-industrial cooperation.
Manejo quirúrgico de nariz mestiza con injerto de extensión septal
Authors: Calderón Alemán Deniss Paúl , Calderón Alemán Doris Eliana , Tello Larriva Mónica Priscilla , Villavicencio Caparo Ebingen
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: La nariz mestiza presenta características muy diferentes de la caucásica resultando en un desafío quirúrgico para el cirujano estético facial. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el manejo quirúrgico de la nariz mestiza con injerto de extensión septal y evaluar los resultados estéticos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de una serie de casos de corte longitudinal, muestra de 25 pacientes. Se realizó un plan quirúrgico mediante abordaje abierto y el uso de injerto de extensión septal, se compararon las fotos pre y postoperatorias midiendo el ángulo y la proyección de la punta nasal, junto con el nivel de satisfacción postoperatoria de los pacientes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva que incluyó frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: 56% de los pacientes corresponden al sexo femenino, al 52% se colocó injertos espaciadores, 8% necesitó alotomía, el 100% mejoró el ángulo naso labial y solo un paciente presentó hematoma septal a los 10 días post quirúrgico, se resolvió con drenaje, la encuesta de satisfacción realizada a los pacientes post-quirúrgicos mostró un resultado satisfactorio. Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica con injerto de extensión septal es de gran utilidad, se logró una correcta definición, proyección/rotación de la punta nasal y mayor estabilidad estructural del trípode central, con resultados armónicos satisfactorios en su apariencia de frente y de perfil, evitando colocar injertos en la punta nasal.
Formação Profissional em Lazer
Authors: Ferreira Rosana de Almeida e , Silva Cinthia Lopes da
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como a questão da formação profissional para atuação no lazer vem sendo discutida no âmbito acadêmico, no período de 2005 a 2009. O lazer é uma área que tem se expandido cada vez mais no Brasil, no entanto, a qualificação de profissionais que atuam nesse campo é um ponto a ser discutido e revisto, tendo em vista que muitos profissionais compreendem o lazer como sinônimo de jogos e brincadeiras. O presente trabalho configura-se como uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Quanto ao tipo, caracteriza-se como pesquisa bibliográfica. A questão da formação profissional evidenciou-se na maioria dos trabalhos, de maneira crítica, alertando para problemas existentes com relação à formação dos profissionais. Uma das críticas apontadas salienta a visão restrita do lazer por parte dos alunos/profissionais.
A participação de Idosos em Atividades Recreativas em Itabuna/BA
Authors: Silva Ana Luíza Borges da , Tahara Alexander Klein , Carnicelli Filho Sandro
Published: July 2020

O objetivo desse estudo, de natureza quali-quantitativa, foi verificar a concepção de indivíduos idosos em relação às atividades recreativas, identificando as principais motivações, barreiras encontradas e benefícios advindos à sua participação em tais atividades. Foi aplicada uma entrevista semi-estruturada a 96 sujeitos entre 60 a 87 anos, de ambos os sexos e todos freqüentadores de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Itabuna/BA. Os dados coletados foram analisados descritivamente, utilizando- se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático.
Futebol e Lazer
Authors: Abrahão Bruno Otávio de Lacerda , Soares Antonio Jorge Gonçalves
Published: July 2020

O artigo analisa o exótico jogo futebol chamado de Preto X Branco que ocorre há 39 anos apenas no período do Natal. Esse jogo ritual é um encontro de amigos que formam duas equipes compostas por jogadores que se autodeclaram “pretos” contra outra dos que se autodeclaram “brancos”. Esse espaço de lazer é um ritual que tematiza as relações raciais no Brasil. Foi utilizado como fontes a memória registrada na mídia escrita e televisiva, entrevistas semiestruturadas e a observação participante no evento de 2009. Concluímos que o evento revela o desejo coletivo de integração racial a partir dos temas da raça e do racismo. A celebração da amizade entre amigos “brancos” e “pretos” é uma tentativa de superação do racismo via o humor e a pilhéria do debate racial. Os estereótipos raciais acionados durante esse jogo ritual, talvez, signifique uma forma, mais ou menos consciente, de rir da história das relações raciais no Brasil.
As Coalizões e os Partidos Políticos na Difusão do Programa Segundo Tempo
Authors: Santos Emilson Santos dos
Published: July 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se há relação entre a demanda pelo Programa Segundo Tempo – PST – (no intervalo de 2005 a 2009) e o critério político- partidário, quando a instituição proponente é o poder público municipal. Como critérios para análise, utilizaram-se as coalizões partidárias e os partidos políticos para três cenários. O estudo aqui realizado permitiu verificar que ser da Coalizão Eleitoral importa na distribuição do PST. Os resultados também permitem aludir que ser um partido de esquerda também importa; pois todos os partidos, em suas coalizões, demonstraram capacidades diferenciadas para fazer com que sua base estabelecesse convênio com o PST. Porém, a baixa adesão ao programa, por parte das prefeituras, impõe uma flexibilização dessas assertivas.
The relation between the bases of law-making and legal awareness as a factor of social and legal relations
Authors: Karnaushenko Leonid
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between the value and purpose aspects of law-making on the one hand and the foundations of legal awareness on the other. The article analyzes the main factors influencing the process of formation of legal norms. The general meaning of law in society and its functional meaning are analysed. Factors of interaction between law and society at different levels of social organization are assessed. The main forms of attitude to legal norms are considered. A mechanism for assessing the law at the level of an individual world view is disclosed. The importance of the relationship between the bases of law-making and the bases of assessment of the field of law is investigated. The question was raised as to how they could be brought into line with each other. The presented text of the article comprehends the correlation of the axiological and teleological foundations of lawmaking on the one hand and the sphere of legal awareness on the other. It is taken into account that legal consciousness is dialectically determined as well as determined by lawmaking. In fact, the creation of legal norms as elements of cash reality does not occur due to the action of ideal actors excluded from a certain legal paradigm. On the contrary, existing patterns of legal awareness determine the legal reality of the future (both at the level of positing and negation). The indicated relationship also has a phenomenological side of refraction, namely. The real legal regularity and the same regularity in the representation and perception of consciousness do not always coincide. This is due to various aspects: from pragmatic and functional to ethical, psychological and mental. This article is an attempt to uncover the philosophical, legal and social meaning of the relationships described above.