bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centennial- to millennial-scale monsoon changes since the last deglaciation linked to solar activities and North Atlantic cooling
Authors: Liu Xingxing , Sun Youbin , Vandenberghe Jef , Cheng Peng , Zhang Xu , Gowan Evan J. , Lohmann Gerrit , An Zhisheng
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Rapid monsoon changes since the last deglaciation remain poorly constrained
due to the scarcity of geological archives. Here we present a high-resolution scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of a 13.5 m
terrace succession on the western Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) to infer rapid
monsoon changes since the last deglaciation.
Our results indicate that Rb∕Sr and Zr∕Rb are sensitive indicators of chemical weathering and wind sorting, respectively, which are further linked to the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). During the last deglaciation, two cold intervals of the Heinrich event 1 and Younger Dryas were characterized by intensified winter monsoon and weakened summer monsoon.
The EAWM gradually weakened at the beginning of the Holocene, while the EASM remained steady till 9.9 ka and then grew stronger.
Both the EASM and EAWM intensities were relatively weak during the Middle Holocene, indicating a mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Rb∕Sr and Zr∕Rb exhibit an antiphase relationship between the summer and winter monsoon changes on a centennial timescale during 16–1 ka. Comparison of these monsoon changes with solar activity and North Atlantic cooling events reveals that both factors can lead to abrupt changes on a centennial timescale in the Early Holocene. During the Late Holocene, North Atlantic cooling became the major forcing of centennial monsoon events.
Robust Isochron Calculation
Authors: Powell Roger , Green Eleanor C. R. , Marillo Sialer Estephany , Woodhead Jon
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A robust statistics approach to isochron calculations is presented, accompanied by an implementation in Python. It allows isochrons to be calculated for a wider range of datasets than the standard classical statistics approach, assuming that the distribution of uncertainties on the data is slightly fatter-tailed than Gaussian. The robust approach advocated reduces to the classical approach for "good'" datasets.
Extending square conservation to arbitrarily structured C-grids with shallow water equations
Authors: Zhou Lilong , Feng Jinming , Hua Lijuan , Zhong Linhao
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The square conservation law is implemented in atmospheric dynamic cores on latitude–longitude grids, but it is rarely implemented on quasi-uniform grids, given the difficulty involved in constructing anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operators on these grids. Increasingly more models are being developed on quasi-uniform grids, such as arbitrarily structured C-grids. Thuburn–Ringler–Skamarock–Klemp (TRiSK) is a shallow water dynamic core on an arbitrarily structured C-grid. The spatial discrete operator of TRiSK is able to naturally maintain the conservation properties of total mass and total absolute vorticity and conserving total energy with time truncation error; the first two integral invariants are exactly conserved during integration, but the total energy dissipates when using the dissipative temporal integration schemes, i.e., Runge–Kutta (RK). The method of strictly conserving the total energy simultaneously, which means conserving energy in the round-off error over the entire temporal integration period, uses both an anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operator and a square conservative temporal integration scheme. In this study, we demonstrate that square conservation is equivalent to energy conservation in both a continuous shallow water system and a discrete shallow water system of TRiSK. After that, we attempt to extend the square conservation law to the TRiSK framework. To overcome the challenge of constructing an anti-symmetrical spatial discrete operator, we unify the unit of evolution variables of shallow water equations using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) transformation, and the temporal derivatives of new evolution variables can be expressed by a combination of temporal derivatives of original evolution variables, which means the square conservative spatial discrete operator can be obtain by using original spatial discrete operators in TRiSK. Using the square conservative Runge–Kutta scheme, the total energy is completely conserved, and there is no influence on the properties of conserving total mass and total absolute vorticity. In the standard shallow water numerical test, the square conservative scheme not only helps maintain total conservation of the three integral invariants but also creates less simulation error norms.
The importance of management information and soil moisture representation for simulating tillage effects on N2O emissions in LPJmL5.0-tillage
Authors: Lutz Femke , DelGrosso Stephen , Ogle Stephen , Williams Stephen , Minoli Sara , Rolinski Susanne , Heinke Jens , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Müller Christoph
Published: February 2020

Abstract. No-tillage is often suggested as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Modeling tillage effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is challenging and subject to large uncertainties, as the processes producing the emissions are complex and strongly non-linear. Previous findings have shown deviations between the LPJmL5.0-tillage model and results from meta-analysis on global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions. Here we tested LPJmL5.0-tillage at four different experimental sites across Europe and the USA, to verify whether deviations in N2O emissions under different tillage regimes result from a lack of detailed information on agricultural management and/or the representation of soil water dynamics. Model results were compared to observational data and outputs from field-scale DayCent simulations. DayCent has been successfully applied for the simulation of N2O emissions and provides a richer data base for comparison than non-continuous measurements at the experimental sites. We found that adding information on agricultural management improved the simulation of tillage effects on N2O emissions in LPJmL. We also found that LPJmL overestimated N2O emissions as well as the effects of no-tillage on N2O emissions, whereas DayCent tended to underestimate the emissions of no-tillage treatments. LPJmL showed a general bias to over-estimate soil moisture content. Modifications of hydraulic properties in LPJmL in order to match properties assumed in DayCent, as well as of the parameters related to residue cover, improved the overall simulation of soil water as well as the N2O emissions simulated under tillage and no-tillage separately. However, the effects of no-tillage (shifting from tillage to no-tillage) did not improve. Advancing the current state of information on agricultural management as well as improvements in soil moisture highlight the potential to improve LPJmL5.0-tillage and global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions.
An exploratory performance assessment of the CHIMERE model (version 2017r4) for the northwestern Iberian Peninsula and the summer season
Authors: Brands Swen , Fernández-García Guillermo , García-Vivanco Marta , Tesouro Montecelo Marcos , Gallego Fernández Nuria , Saunders Estévez Anthony David , Carracedo García Pablo Enrique , Neto Venancio Anabela , Melo da Costa Pedro , Costa Tomé Paula , Otero Cristina , Macho María Luz , Taboada Juan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Here, the capability of the chemical weather forecasting model CHIMERE (version 2017r4) to reproduce surface ozone, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations in complex terrain is investigated for the period from June 21 to August 21, 2018. The study area is the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, where both coastal and mountain climates can be found in direct vicinity and a large fraction of the land area is covered by forests. Driven by lateral boundary conditions from the ECMWF Composition Integrated Forecast System, anthropogenic emissions from two commonly used top-down inventories and meteorological data from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, CHIMERE's performance with respect to observations is tested with a range of sensitivity experiments. We assess the effects of 1) an increase in horizontal resolution, 2) an increase in vertical resolution, 3) the use of distinct model chemistries and 4) the use of distinct anthropogenic emissions inventories, downscaling techniques and landuse databases. In comparsion with the older HTAP emission inventory downscaled with basic options, the updated and sophistically downscaled EMEP inventory only leads to partial model improvements and so does the computationally costly horizontal resolution increase. Model performance changes caused by the choice of distinct chemical mechanisms are not systematic either and rather depend on the considered anthropgenic emission configuration and pollutant. Albeit the results are thus heterogeneous in general terms, the model's response to a vertical resolution increase confined to the lower to middle troposphere is homogeneous in the sense of improving virtually all verification aspects. We conclude that, as long as the aforementioned top-down emission inventories are used, it is generally not necessary to use a horizontal model mesh much finer than the native grid of the inventories. A relatively coarse horizontal mesh combined with 20 model layers between 999 and 500 hPa is sufficient to yield balanced results. The chemical mechanism should be chosen as a function of the intended application.
THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF URBAN CLIMATES IN SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH THE MONO-WINDOW ALGORITHM
Authors: Ngie A.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is among some of the challenges plaguing urban environments. There is increase human population within urban environments especially in the developing world, which is a need to understand the climates for their wellbeing. The use of multispectral satellite remote sensing to investigate the climatic conditions through radiation measurement is applied across the two major South African cities. The thermal remote sensing technique applied for this study is the direct determination of land surface temperatures (LST) using multispectral thermal imagery (ETM+). In addition, meteorological data which included air temperature and relative humidity for the same satellite image dates were used. The LST values obtained showed Johannesburg has many micro heat islands scattered across the metro than in Cape Town. These areas of heat islands corresponded to areas of human settlement and more so the unplanned as opposed to the planned ones. The estimated LST values and observed air temperature values with an R2 of 0.9. It could be concluded that expansion of urban areas in South Africa has led to increased thermal radiation of land surface in densely populated areas.
Fire weather index: the skill provided by ECMWF ensemble prediction system
Authors: Di Giuseppe Francesca , Vitolo Claudia , Krzeminski Blazej , San-Miguel Jesús
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In the framework of the EU Copernicus program, the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) on behalf of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) is forecasting daily fire weather indices using its medium range ensemble prediction system. The use of weather forecast in place of local observations can extend early warnings up to 1–2 weeks allowing for greater proactive coordination of resource-sharing and mobilization within and across countries. Using one year of pre-operational service in 2017 and the fire weather index (FWI) here we assess the capability of the system globally and analyze in detail three major events in Chile, Portugal and California. The analysis shows that the skill provided by the ensemble forecast system extends to more than 10 days when compared to the use of mean climate making a case of extending the forecast range to the sub-seasonal to seasonal time scale. However accurate FWI prediction does not translate into accuracy in the forecast of fire activity globally. Indeed when all 2017 detected fires are considered, including agricultural and human induced burning, high FWI values only occurs in 50 % of the cases and only in Boreal regions. Nevertheless for very important events mostly driven by weather condition, FWI forecast provides advance warning that could be instrumental in setting up management strategies.
Decrease in 230Th in the Amundsen Basin since 2007: far-field effect of increased scavenging on the shelf?
Authors: Valk Ole , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel M. , Geibert Walter , Gdaniec Sandra , Moran S. Bradley , Lepore Kate , Edwards Robert Lawrence , Lu Yanbin , Puigcorbé Viena , Casacuberta Nuria , Paffrath Ronja , Smethie William , Roy-Barman Matthieu
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study provides dissolved and particulate 230Th and
232Th results as well as particulate 234Th data collected during expeditions to the central Arctic Ocean (GEOTRACES, an international project to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of trace elements; sections GN04 and GIPY11). Constructing a time series of dissolved 230Th from 1991 to 2015 enables the identification of processes that control the temporal development of 230Th distributions in the Amundsen Basin. After 2007, 230Th concentrations decreased significantly over the entire water column, particularly between 300 and 1500 m. This decrease is accompanied by a circulation change, evidenced by a concomitant increase in salinity. A potentially increased inflow of water of Atlantic origin with low dissolved 230Th concentrations leads to the observed depletion in dissolved 230Th in the central Arctic. Because atmospherically derived tracers (chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)) do not reveal an increase in ventilation rate, it is suggested that these interior waters have undergone enhanced scavenging of Th during transit from Fram Strait and the Barents Sea to the central Amundsen Basin. The 230Th depletion propagates downward in the water column by
settling particles and reversible scavenging.
Asthenospheric anelasticity effects on ocean tide loading around the East China Sea observed with GPS
Authors: Wang Junjie , Penna Nigel T. , Clarke Peter J. , Bos Machiel S.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Anelasticity may decrease the shear modulus of the asthenosphere by 8 %–10 %
at semidiurnal tidal periods compared with the reference 1 s period of
seismological Earth models. We show that such anelastic effects are likely
to be significant for ocean tide loading displacement at the M2 tidal
period around the East China Sea. By comparison with tide gauge
observations, we establish that from nine selected ocean tide models (DTU10,
EOT11a, FES2014b, GOT4.10c, HAMTIDE11a, NAO99b, NAO99Jb, OSU12, and
TPXO9-Atlas), the regional model NAO99Jb is the most accurate in this
region and that related errors in the predicted M2 vertical ocean tide
loading displacements will be 0.2–0.5 mm. In contrast, GPS observations on
the Ryukyu Islands (Japan), with an uncertainty of 0.2–0.3 mm, show 90th-percentile discrepancies of 1.3 mm with respect to ocean tide loading
displacements predicted using the purely elastic radial Preliminary
Reference Earth Model (PREM). We show that the use of an anelastic PREM-based Earth
model reduces these 90th-percentile discrepancies to 0.9 mm. Use of an
anelastic radial Earth model consisting of a regional average of the
laterally varying S362ANI model reduces the 90th-percentile to 0.7 mm, which
is of the same order as the sum of the remaining errors due to uncertainties
in the ocean tide model and the GPS observations.
Glacial-cycle simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) – Part 2: Parameter ensemble analysis
Authors: Albrecht Torsten , Winkelmann Ricarda , Levermann Anders
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) is applied to the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last two glacial cycles (≈210 000 years) with a resolution of 16 km. An ensemble of 256 model runs is analyzed in which four relevant model parameters have been systematically varied using full-factorial parameter sampling. Parameters and plausible parameter ranges have been identified in a companion paper (Albrecht et al., 2020) and are associated with ice dynamics, climatic forcing, basal sliding and bed deformation and represent distinct classes of model uncertainties. The model is scored against both modern and geologic data, including reconstructed grounding-line locations, elevation–age data, ice thickness, surface velocities and uplift rates. An aggregated score is computed for each ensemble member that measures the overall model–data misfit, including measurement uncertainty in terms of a Gaussian error model (Briggs and Tarasov, 2013). The statistical method used to analyze the ensemble simulation results follows closely the simple averaging method described in Pollard et al. (2016). This analysis reveals clusters of best-fit parameter combinations, and hence a likely range of relevant model and boundary parameters, rather than individual best-fit parameters. The ensemble of reconstructed histories of Antarctic Ice Sheet volumes provides a score-weighted likely range of sea-level contributions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of 9.4±4.1 m (or 6.5±2.0×106km3), which is at the upper range of most previous studies. The last deglaciation occurs in all ensemble simulations after around 12 000 years before present and hence after the meltwater pulse 1A (MWP1a). Our ensemble analysis also provides an estimate of parametric uncertainty bounds for the present-day state that can be used for PISM projections of future sea-level contributions from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Condition Monitoring of roller bearings using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Cornel Daniel , Gutiérrez Guzmán Francisco , Jacobs Georg , Neumann Stephan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Roller bearing failures in wind turbines gearboxes lead to long downtimes and high repairing costs, which could be reduced by the implementation of a predictive maintenance strategy. In this paper and within this context an acoustic emission based condition monitoring system is applied to roller bearing test rigs with the aim of identifying critical operating conditions before bearing failures occurs. Furthermore, a comparison regarding detection times is carried out with a traditional vibration based condition monitoring systems, with focus on premature bearing failures such as white etching cracks. The investigations show a sensitivity of the acoustic emission system towards lubricating conditions. In addition, the system has shown, that a damaged surface can be detected at least ~ 4 % (8 hours, regarding the time to failure) earlier than by using the vibration based system. Furthermore, significant deviations from the average acoustic emission signal were detected up to ~ 50 % (130 hours) before the test stop and are possibly related to sub-surface damage initiation and might result in an earlier damage detection in the future.
Theoretical Promises and Methodological Troubles Capturing Dialogical Discourse in Classroom Research
Authors: Gregory Christian George
Published: February 2020

A review of Skidmore, D & K. Murakami (Eds). (2016). Dialogic pedagogy: The importance of dialogue in teaching and learning. Bristol, United Kingdom: Multilingual MattersSkidmore and Murakami’s collection of essays takes on a dual theoretical and empirical project: first, to define and advocate for dialogical classroom pedagogy; and second, to unearth such practice through microstudies of classroom dialogue. This project divides itself neatly in half: the first six chapters trace the theory of dialogic pedagogy, including the history of discourse, coding, and practices, while the remaining seven are devoted to empirical studies marked by a careful microanalysis of dialogue.The work distinguishes itself from scholarship on the dialogical the past 20 years, during which works have either been single-authored, deeply-researched, and theoretical (Matusov, 2009a; Wegerif, 2013) or vast collections of essays organized conceptually (Ball & Freedman, 2004; White & Peters, 2011; Ligorio & Cesar, 2013). While special journal editions have brought new focus to unexplored threads of the dialogical, such as the exploration of silence in the classroom or the history of the School of the Dialogue of Cultures (Matusov 2009b), this collection affords considerable latitude to its theoretical and historical frame. A comparable work of conceptual breadth is that of White (2016), whose publication frames classroom research of lower school learners with concepts from Bakhtin. Like White’s work, Skidmore and Murakami paint at once in broad strokes and miniature: on the one hand, the collection situates dialogical pedagogy into its historical context, interweaving the work of early Russian theorists; at the same time, it offers granular studies of classroom dialogue. Since Skidmore authors or co-authors seven of the 13 chapters, the collection somewhat serves as a project of singular intent, one that raises a persistent question as to whether the methodologies in the studies presented in the second half of the work, focused on Conversational Analysis (CA) and the Discourse Analysis (DA), cohere to the ambitions of dialogical pedagogy offered in the first. In the end, the promise that CA affords greater magnification of classroom moments does not overcome what may be a limitation of the methodology to unearth dialogic pedagogy.
Mapping Urban Change in Harrisburg, 1900–1930
Authors: Sarvis Albert
Published: February 2020

Harrisburg's City Beautiful movement dramatically transformed the urban landscape between 1900 and 1930 through the installation of new roads, water systems, and parks, and the dislocation of the communities of the Old Eighth Ward. This article applies different geospatial analytical techniques—hexagon overlay, kernel density, mean center, and directional distribution—to visualize Harrisburg's population distribution during this period and to map its growth and movements in response to these changes.
Mira Lloyd Dock and the City Beautiful Campaign
Authors: Rimby Susan
Published: February 2020

Harrisburg voters' support for a bond issue to fund municipal improvements in 1902 is now recognized as a turning point in the City Beautiful movement. Mira Lloyd Dock was among the citizens who led Harrisburg's City Beautiful campaign and consistently advocated the need to clean up the city. While Dock did not have the political clout of her male allies, she served as a bridge leader who recruited women to the cause and engaged in important grassroots work.
History and Memory of the Old Eighth Ward
Authors: Williams Rachel
Published: February 2020

The City Beautiful movement in Harrisburg brought many improvements to the capital city, but it also brought destruction to the diverse neighborhood directly east of the capitol building, known today as the “Old Eighth Ward.” Even though this community no longer exists, newspaper accounts of its razing and digital mapping of the families of the Old Eighth Ward preserve this story of displacement within public memory.
Relações sociais de idosos e a influência do ambiente urbano: uma revisão narrativa de literatura
Authors: Do Nascimento Mariana Alves da S. , Falcão Deusivania Vieira da Silva , Bestetti Maria Luisa Trindade
Published: February 2020

O ambiente urbano impacta no comportamento e na vida das pessoas (GEHL, 2013), causando diferentes impressões ao se envelhecer. A maioria da população idosa brasileira reside em áreas urbanas (IBGE, 2014), o que expõe suas relações e seu cotidiano aos efeitos das transformações ocorridas nas cidades (BATISTONI, 2014). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as influências do ambiente urbano sobre as relações sociais de idosos, através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Foram identificados artigos publicados de 2012 a janeiro de 2018, nas bases de dados eletrônicas PsycINFO, Science Direct e Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). Foram encontrados 3.716 artigos em todas as bases, dos quais 98 duplicatas foram excluídas e 30 artigos foram selecionados para análise, todos internacionais. 4 artigos foram incluídos posteriormente advindos da busca em referências. Apenas um artigo brasileiro foi incluso. Os artigos selecionados trataram majoritariamente de três grandes temas: aging in place, modelos teóricos de gerontologia ambiental e aspectos físicos e sociais de vizinhança. Em geral, notou-se a falta de consenso na definição de alguns conceitos, a ausência de teorias que sustentassem as hipóteses de pesquisa e a carência de instrumentos capazes de mensurar o efeito do ambiente na vida dos idosos. Poucos trabalhos tratavam do impacto das transformações urbanas nas relações sociais de idosos, demonstrando uma deficiência na literatura. A Gerontologia Ambiental, apesar de ser uma área em desenvolvimento ao longo do século XXI (BATISTONI, 2014), deve ser mais explorada para que consolide seus preceitos teóricos, sendo capaz de fornecer embasamento sólido a futuros pesquisadores.
Análise de métodos para diagnóstico de obesidade sarcopênica em idosos
Authors: Diniz Joyce De Sousa , Gonçalves Thatiana Siqueira de Freitas , Parreira Karina Eraclea Lara Ferreira , Beal Fabiani Lage Rodrigues
Published: February 2020

O envelhecimento desencadeia em diversas alterações no indivíduo, podendo levar ao comprometimento de seu estado geral. A redução da massa muscular  associada a perda da funcionalidade em indivíduos obesos é denominada Obesidade Sarcopênica (OS). A identificação de ferramentas para correta mensuração do tecido muscular e adiposo tem sido desafiadora, visto que estas precisam aliar precisão, segurança e aplicabilidade clínica. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os métodos disponíveis para o diagnóstico da Obesidade Sarcopênica na população idosa. Os artigos analisados demonstraram que a utilização de diferentes métodos de avaliação, apresentam significativa variação de resultados, gerando influência direta na análise da prevalência de OS nessa população. Faz-se necessário definir um padrão diagnóstico para melhor aplicação de estratégias e intervenções que possibilitem a melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso.
Efeito de intervenções cognitivas na autoeficácia e na memória episódica de idosas do Distrito Federal
Authors: Sacramento Angela Maria , Costa Cristiane Holanda , Assunção João Lucas Araujo , De Sousa Caio Diogo Santana , De Sousa Fernanda , Aragão Danilo Ribeiro do Nascimento , Da Silva Amanda Alves , De Oliveira Roberto Menezes , Turra Virgínia , De Melo Gislane Ferreira , Vilaça e Silva Karla Helena Coelho , De Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha , Da Silva Henrique Salmazo , Chariglione Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares
Published: February 2020

As intervenções cognitivas são utilizadas para aprimoramento de funções cognitivas e diversos estudos têm apresentado correlações entre medidas de autoeficácia e cognitivas. Esse estudo buscou verificar o desempenho de idosas em tarefas de memória episódica verbal e na percepção subjetiva em medidas de autoeficácia geral. O delineamento foi do tipo quantitativo, experimental e transversal, sendo avaliadas 39 idosas com média de idade igual a 67,77 (DP ± 6,34), em medidas cognitivas e psicológicas em dois momentos. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados testes não-paramétricos (Spearman e Wilcoxon) que indicaram correlações com o RAVLT recordação A6 (0,431, p=0,006); e com o GDS (-0,376, p=0,016), e as análises de pré e pós-treino indicaram que as participantes apresentaram ganhos no desempenho de algumas funções cognitivas. Concluindo-se que as intervenções cognitivas foram promissoras nas idosas investigadas e que apresentaram impacto em medidas de memória objetivas e subjetivas.
Inovações tecnológicas e suas consequências no âmbito do envelhecer: o estado da arte
Authors: Marques Payão Spencer Luiz
Published: February 2020

A tecnologia aplicada à população em geral e principalmente ao envelhecimento, vem modificando paradigmas e desempenhando papel relevante no que se refere ao auxílio de atividades cerebrais diárias, auxílio desempenho do idoso, terapia, reabilitação, dentre outros. A mesma vai desde a um aparelho celular, passando por softwares, jogos de entretenimento como Wii, Knect videogame, animações, até programas de computador mais avançados. Os dados sao alarmantes se considerarmos que atualmente são 46 milhões de idosos vivendo nos Estados Unidos (15% da população mundial) e em 2030 serão 74 milhões (o equivalente a 21% da população mundial). O Japão é o único país com 55% da população de idosos e em 2050, outros 60 países apresentarão esta mesma projeção, incluindo o Brasil. Dessa forma, todo e qualquer iniciativa no sentido de proporcionar uma melhora qualidade de vida aos idosos será de grande valia para as gerações futuras, porém, sabemos que a tecnologia não representa uma resolução para todos os entraves referentes ao aumento da longevidade. O nosso grupo da FAMEMA vem utilizando tecnologia de ponta na área de expressão gênica para caracterizar melhor os aspectos genéticos da doença de Alzheimer (DA) estudando vários genes envolvidos em amostras de cérebro de desses pacientes e controles em colaboração com um banco de cérebros do Canadá (Douglas Hospital).
Oncogeriatria: cuidado multiprofissional ao paciente idoso oncológico
Authors: Coleone Joane Diomara , Debon Raquel , Santini Lusiana , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti
Published: February 2020

Sendo o envelhecimento um processo gradual caracterizado pela perda progressiva da funcionalidade, com ele vem diversas insuficiências e alterações fisiológicas. Sabe-se que na idade adulta, há um predomínio das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), que vai se elevando à medida que aumenta o número de anos de cada pessoa, sendo o câncer uma das doenças mais incidentes. É o papel do estudo da oncogeriatria, uma abordagem multidisciplinar em idosos com câncer.
Estado nutricional de portadores de transtornos mentais internados em residências terapêuticas
Authors: Manfredi Paula , Sant’ Anna Alves Ana Luisa , Bertoletti De Marchi Ana Carolina , Dalmolin Bernadete Maria , Mattos Miriam
Published: February 2020

No Brasil, um rápido envelhecimento populacional é observado. Algumas populações possuem características diferentes da população em geral, como taxa de mortalidade, estado nutricional e uso de medicamentos, que é o caso de indivíduos com transtornos mentais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o estado nutricional de indivíduos em tratamento em Residenciais Terapêuticos (RT). Tratase de um estudo transversal com indivíduos com transtornos mentais em tratamento em RT no município de Passo Fundo/RS. Foram entrevistados 68 usuários-moradores e destes, 39,6% (n=17) apresentaram excesso de peso e 30,2% (n=13) obesidade. O uso excessivo de medicamentos surge como um fator determinante para o estado nutricional alterado, visto que todos os indivíduos usam pelo menos um medicamento contínuo e sugerem ter relação com o aumento de peso.
Extensão da teoria da seletividade socioemocional a idosos usuários do Facebook
Authors: Chiarelli Tássia Monique , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares
Published: February 2020

As novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s) trazem novos desafios às teorias clássicas sobre relações sociais na velhice.  Objetivos: Seguindo os pressupostos da Teoria da Seletividade Socioemocional (TSSE), o presente estudo investigou o quanto esses se estendem às relações sociais de idosos mediadas pela utilização do Facebook. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 130 idosos recrutados em serviços públicos de acesso à internet na cidade de São Paulo (82,3% feminino, M= 67,9 anos de idade, M= 12 anos de estudo) usuários do Facebook há pelo menos um ano e com no mínimo 30 contatos estabelecidos na rede. Foram levantados dados sociodemográficos, de uso do Facebook (frequência de utilização, tamanho da rede, senso de autoeficácia, qualidade dos contatos) e referentes a construtos centrais à TSSE (escala de Perspectiva de Tempo Futuro - PTF e Satisfação com a Vida). Para testar as relações entre as variáveis do estudo e satisfação com a vida foi utilizada a análise de equações estruturais para variáveis manifestas (Path Analysis). Resultados: Foram encontradas associações diretas e mediadas por PTF entre idade e satisfação com a vida, e relações diretas entre idade e tamanho das redes sociais, conforme predito pela Teoria. Indicadores de seletividade socioemocional, como redução no tamanho das redes e proximidade emocional não foram associados a satisfação com a vida. Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que as relações sociais via Facebook pressupõe a atuação de um conjunto diferenciado de metas sociais e de mecanismos adaptativos associados à satisfação com vida na velhice.
O NOVO VELHO: PARADIGMAS, REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS
Authors: Martinelli Cáren De Souza , Souza Ana Paula Lazzaretti
Published: February 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi buscar um entendimento acerca do atual processo de envelhecimento humano, tendo em vista o aumento da expectativa de vida no Brasil e no mundo, considerando que as previsões indicam que, possivelmente, em poucos anos o Brasil será um país de cabelos brancos. Participaram  desta pesquisa seis pessoas, três homens e três mulheres, com idades entre 66 e 94 anos, residentes na Região das Hortênsias, na Serra Gaúcha. Este trabalho teve como enfoque a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratório-descritiva, com aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada, questionário sociodemográfico e  miniexame do estado mental. A partir dos dados apresentados, criaram-se quatro categorias temáticas: ser idoso, representações sociais, o novo velho e sexualidade. Os resultados apontaram que os idosos atuais apresentam diversas mudanças no que diz respeito aos hábitos, relacionamentos, cuidados com a saúde e características psicológicas, em relação aos idosos de gerações anteriores. Tais achados indicam o surgimento de um novo velho, que desempenha um novo papel na sociedade, mantendo bom trânsito no seu meio de convivência, apesar das representações negativas e preconceituosas ainda vigentes. Umsujeito competente, que mantém hábitos saudáveis e cuja sexualidade permanece ativa durante essa etapa da vida, ainda que haja limitações e seja percebida de maneira diferente pelo homem e pela mulher.
ACESSO A SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Souza Guilherme Briczinski , Lucero Juliane Pinto , Garcia Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O Brasil, juntamente com outros países, tem vivenciado o aumento acelerado do número de pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade, desta forma à medida que a estrutura da população está mais envelhecida, a proporção de pessoas que utilizam os serviços de saúde aumenta. Portanto a disponibilidade de serviços, a distribuição geográfica, os mecanismos de financiamento dos serviços e a sua organização representam características que podem facilitar ou dificultar o acesso aos serviços de saúde para as pessoas idosas. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências cientificas publicadas sobre o acesso de pessoas idosas aos serviços de saúde. Método: Foi feita uma busca por artigos publicados de janeiro de 2009 a maio de 2019 nas bases de dados PubMed e Lilacs. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores (health services accessibility" OR "health services utilization" OR "access to health services") and ("elderly" OR "major adults" OR "older people" OR "aged" OR "older adults"). Os critérios de elegibilidade foram textos na forma de artigos científicos originais disponíveis on-line, na íntegra, que abordassem a temática nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: A partir da combinação dos descritores, foram encontrados 1076 artigos, mas apenas 7 selecionados por se adequarem ao objetivo e fatores de inclusão. A maior parte dos estudos foi publicada em 2017 (42%), predominando delineamentos transversal (42%). Constatou-se entre os escolhidos, que alta escolaridade e renda estão associados com acesso a serviços de saúde por idosos fazendo a renda familiar influenciar na frequência de procura da assistência de saúde. Outro ponto está no fato do maior numero de consultas por parte dessa população e aalternativa de acesso com os serviços de home & care. Foi evidenciado também que a população de mais de oitenta anos de idade precisa ter um acesso ampliado aos serviços de saúde e as limitações funcionais são um impedimento ao acesso a saúde, evidenciando maior dificuldade aos serviços públicos do que privados. Conclusão: Desta forma o poder de compra e o grau de escolaridade estão intimamente ligados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, toda via, são os serviços privados que estão mais adaptados para a demanda do paciente idoso, isso devido as lacunas do serviço de saúde púbica e o descaso do poder público
PERFIL DOS PACIENTES IDOSOS AVALIADOS PARA DISFAGIA OROFARÍNGEA
Authors: Briczinski de Souza Guilherme , Angelos Cardoso Anna Carolina , Tamanini de Almeida Sheila
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento envolve um conjunto de modificações fisiológicas que favorecem o surgimento de multimorbidades. Dentre elas, pode-se encontrar a disfagia orofaríngea que pode estar associada à desnutrição, desidratação e aos riscos de broncoaspirações, prejudicando na qualidade de vida do idoso e no tempo de internação, quando já hospitalizados. Dessa forma a utilização de protocolos de investigação de disfagia orofaríngea permite que sejam identificados sinais e sintomas associados a este distúrbio de deglutição, permitindo otimizar a internação hospitalar e favorecer a alta melhorada. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes idosos avaliados por um protocolo de investigação de disfagia orofaríngea em um hospital na cidade de Porto Alegre, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo transversal e retrospectivo, realizado por meio da análise dos protocolos de avaliação de disfagia orofaríngea. Investigação aprovada pelo comitê de ética da UFCSPA sob nº 3125527. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade, diagnostico medico, motivo e resultados da avaliação. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 61 prontuários. Destes, 50,8% eram do sexo masculino. Observou-se que a média de idade foi de 71,3 anos. Em 19,6%, o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico foi o diagnóstico médico mais frequente. A reintrodução de alimento por via oral foi o motivo de avaliação mais prevalente em 32,6% dos casos, seguido pela progressão da dieta em 23,9% da amostra. Na variável dificuldade em se alimentar, houve dificuldade na consistência sólida em 23,07% e também na consistência liquida em 23,07%. Quanto a presença de tosse, engasgo e/ou sufocamento, ela foi identificada em 45,9% dos idosos avaliados. A conclusão fonoaudiológica mais prevalente foi a de disfagia leve com baixo risco de aspiração e de disfagia moderada com risco de aspiração, ambas com 29,4% da amostra. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada alta frequência de tosse, engasgo e/ou sufocamento, o que corrobora com as mudanças morfofisiológicas do envelhecimento, que podem levar a uma deglutição alterada. Observamos um alto índice de diagnóstico de disfagia orofaríngea, assim, torna-se muito importante a realização da avaliação da deglutição neste público, para que essas dificuldades e alterações, quando encontradas, sejam tratadas precocemente.
Advantages of Scorpion Suture Passer and 70 Degrees Arthroscope in Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: Usefulness for Inferior Labral Repair
Authors: Hyun Yoon Suk , Shin Woo Jin
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The blunted tip of a reusable with multiple uses can cause problems with the passing procedure in arthroscopic Bankart repair. This study assessed the advantage of Scorpion with a 70° arthroscope in arthroscopic Bankart repair compared to hook typed suture passer.METHODS: Scorpion in 19 patients, the hook type suture passer (conventional group) in 18 patients were used. All patients underwent the same procedure except for the type of suture passer used. Another different point of the procedure were telescopes and the number of portals used; three arthroscopic portals (posterior, anterorsuperiorlateral, and mid-anterior) and a 30° arthroscope in the conventional group, but two portals and a 70° arthroscope as well as the 30° one in the Scorpion group. The surgery time and the surgical complications including an iatrogenic axillary nerve injury were recorded.RESULTS: The Scorpion group showed a significant decrease in surgery time compared to the conventional group. In contrast to the conventional group, Scorpion provided an easy estimation of the exit of suture passing, no iatrogenic labral injury during the passing procedure with straight movement and the sharp tip of the knife installed. Iatrogenic supraspinatus injuries could be avoided when making an accessory anteosuperiorlateral portal due to the 70° arthroscope.CONCLUSIONS: In arthroscopic Bankart repair, the use of the Scorpion suture passer and a 70° arthroscope can reduce the surgery time, avoid unnecessary supraspinatus injury, and avoid iatrogenic axillary nerve damage through the relatively easy and precise suture passing and saving of the anterosuperior portal.
Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity Induced by Extravasation of Contrast Media after Computed Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Jung Jae Won , Lim Young Jae , Kim Beom Soo , Cho Chul Hyun
Published: February 2020

The incidence of contrast media extravasation has been increasing gradually. Most contrast media extravasations only can cause pain, swelling and erythema. However, in more severe cases, skin necrosis, ulceration, or compartment syndrome may occur, often necessitating a surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment should be established on the spot in order to avoid such a severe damage. We present a case of 42-year-old woman with a compartment syndrome in the right upper extremity caused by extravasation of computed tomography contrast media.
Treatment of Rockwood Type III Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation
Authors: Kim Seong Hun , Koh Kyoung Hwan
Published: February 2020

While non-operative treatment with structured rehabilitation tends to be the strategy of choice in the management of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint injury, some advocate surgical treatment to prevent persistent pain, disability, and prominence of the distal clavicle. There is no clear consensus regarding when the surgical treatment should be indicated, and successful clinical outcomes have been reported for non-operative treatment in more than 80% of type III acromioclavicular joint injuries. Furthermore, there is no gold standard procedure for operative treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint injury, and more than 60 different procedures have been used for this purpose in clinical practice. Among these surgical techniques, recently introduced arthroscopic-assisted procedures involving a coracoclavicular suspension device are minimally invasive and have been shown to achieve successful coracoclavicular reconstruction in 80% of patients with failed conservative treatment. Taken together, currently available data indicate that successful treatment can be expected with initial conservative treatment in more than 96% of type III acromioclavicular injuries, whereas minimally invasive surgical treatments can be considered for unstable type IIIB injuries, especially in young and active patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal treatment approach in patients with higher functional needs, especially in high-level athletes.
Acute Rotator Cuff Tears due to Low Voltage Electrical Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Yoo Jae Hyun , Rhee Sung Min , Shim Ho Yong , Lee Jae Sung
Published: February 2020

Since shoulder have a higher proportion of muscle which would have low electrical resistance, there could be more electrical damage to the rotator cuff muscles. We present a patient with acute rotator cuff tear by sudden uncontrolled jerking contractions caused by an electrical shock. A case of 42-year-old man with acute rotator cuff tear due to electrical injury to the shoulder was presented. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a full thickness tear and an undulating appearance of the peripheral end of the torn supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle, suggesting an acute complete rupture. By arthroscopic surgery, the torn rotator cuff tendons were repaired with a suture bridge technique. At the final follow-up, the patient had a full, pain-free range of motion and had fully recovered shoulder muscle power.
Clinical and Radiological Results after Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction in Patients with Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Yoon Jeong Yong , Kim Paul Shinil , Jo Chris Hyunchul
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a challenging clinical problem in young patients. In recent years, arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a popular treatment in the massive, irreparable RCTs. However, studies reporting clinical results of ASCR are rare in the literature.METHODS: Between 2013 and 2015, six patients underwent ASCR. One patient treated with dermal allograft, while five patients with autogenous fascia lata graft. Demographic data, as well as preoperative and last follow-up clinical data including pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons system, the Constant system, the University of California at Los Angeles system, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index system were obtained. Acromiohumeral distances and Hamada classification were measured on standard anteroposterior x-ray.RESULTS: All patients were men, and the average age was 59.5 ± 4.18 years (range, 53?65 years).The minimum follow-up was 18 months with a mean follow-up was 27.33 ± 7.58 months (range, 18?36). All patients had postoperative improvement in pain scores and functional scores. The ROM and strength did not improve after surgery. The Hamada score progressed of radiographic stage in 2 patients. In the case of dermal allograft, there was graft failure 6 weeks after ASCR.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the ASCR as a viable treatment for surgical salvage in massive, irreparable RCTs. This treatment option may provide patients with decreased pain and increased function. And studying our case of dermal allograft failure provides opportunities to decrease graft failure in ASCR using dermal allograft.
Another Glenoid Measurements for Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Jeong Yeon Seok , Yum Jae Kwang , Lee Jun Seok
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis, the range of the glenoid apex and the location of the glenoid apex for assistance during shoulder surgery.METHODS: Sixty-two patients underwent a computed tomography of the shoulder with a proximal humerus fracture. In the range of the glenoid apex, the ratios of the distribution of triangles with a Constant anterior and posterior area of the glenoid were measured. The location of glenoid apex was confirmed as the percentage of the position with respect to the upper part of the glenoid with the center of the part, analyzed the angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis was measured.RESULTS: The angle between the glenoid anterior surface and glenoid axis was 19.80° ± 3.88°. The location of the glenoid apex is 60.36% ± 9.31%, with the upper end of the glenoid as the reference. The range of the glenoid apex was 21.16% ± 4.98%. When the height of the glenoid becomes smaller, the range of the glenoid apex tends to become larger (p=0.001) and the range of the glenoid apex becomes wider (p=0.001) as the glenoid width narrows.CONCLUSIONS: We believe the anatomical measurements of the glenoid will be helpful for a more accurate insertion in glenoid component. It is thought that more accurate insertion is possible if we can set other anatomical measurements using computed tomography imaging of the glenoid which can develop into the study of other anatomical measurements.