bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of R1and R3a genes on tuber resistance to late blight of the potato breeding clones
Authors: Zoteyeva Nadezhda , Skrabule Ilze , Mežaka Ieva , Vilcāne Daiga , Usele Guna , Rostoks Nils
Published: June 2016

Potato breeding clones were evaluated for resistance to late blight (agent Phytophthora infestans) using tuber inoculation tests and for presence of the resistance alleles of R1 and R3a genes in polymerase chain reaction tests. Among clones tested those expressing high, moderate and low resistance were identified. The data were analysed for the impact of R1 and R3a genes on tuber resistance to late blight in tested plant material. In previous evaluations performed on smaller amount of clones the tuber resistance levels significantly depended on presence/absence of the resistance allele of R3a gene and did not depend on presence of R1 gene allele. In the current study the statistical analyses did not prove the significant difference in resistance levels depending on presence of the resistance alleles, neither of R1 gene, nor of R3a gene. Tuber resistant clones bearing R3a gene resistance alleles still noticeably prevailed over the clones bearing the alleles of R1 gene as well as over the clones bearing the no resistance alleles of both genes. In several cases the resistance of clones with detected resistance allele of R1 gene was higher compared to those derived from the same crosses and showing amplification of the allele of R3a gene or those with no resistance alleles. Clones accumulating the resistance alleles of both (R1 and R3a) genes expressed high tuber resistance accompanied by necrotic reaction.
Distributed activation energy modelling for pyrolysis of forest waste using Gaussian distribution
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Singh Suraj B.
Published: June 2016

The paper focuses on the influences of some factors significant to pyrolysis of forestry biomass on the asymptotic solution of the non-isothermal nth-order distribution energy model (DAEM) using Gaussian distribution. Investigated parameters are the integral upper limit, the frequency factor, and the heating rate parameters of the Gaussian distribution. The influence of these factors has been used for evaluating the kinetic parameters of the non-isothermal nth-order Gaussian distribution from thermogravimetric analysis of forest waste.
Participation in Public Consultations on Spatial Planning Documents. The Case of Poznań City
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz , Wójcicki Michał
Published: June 2016

This article seeks to present the development od public participation in local spatial planning in Poland. An assessment was made of the procedure of preparing planning documents and forms of their consultation with residents. To achieve this goal, use was made of the results of a survey research conducted among participants of public consultations in Poznań in the years 2012-2014. It is stressed that it is necessary to improve the decision-making process in urban spatial planning by accommodating not only traditional but also new forms and instruments of public participation.
Historical Determinants of Regional Divisions of Georgia and their Implications for Territorial Governance
Authors: Mądry Cezary , Kaczmarek-Khubnaia Julia
Published: June 2016

Georgia can be characterised by its turbulent history, centuries-old traditions, and a great ethnic diversity. This makes it necessary to include historical determinants, in addition to geopolitical and economic factors, when making a regional analysis of its territory and contemporary governance issues. Five stages of the development of the present territorial division of Georgia are distinguished. They have been identified by means of an analysis of key events (critical junctures) of significance in the formation of its historical regions. Additionally, their influence at each of the three levels of the current territorial division of independent Georgia is discussed, in particular in the context of territorial governance.
A Survey on Renewable Energy Development in Malaysia: Current Status, Problems and Prospects
Authors: Alam Syed Shah , Nor Nor Fariza Mohd , Ahmad Maisarah , Hashim Nik Hazrul Nik
Published: June 2016

Energy demand in Malaysia is increasing over seven per cent a year, while forty per cent of the energy is supplied from conventional fossil fuel. However, a number of social barriers have mired the social acceptance of renewable energy among the users. This study investigates the current status of renewable energy, problems and future outlook of renewable energy in Malaysia. A total of 200 respondents were surveyed from Klang Valley in Malaysia. Majority of the respondents use energy to generate electricity. Although some respondents reported using solar energy, there is lack of retail availability for solar energy. The findings show that limited information on renewable energy technologies, lack of awareness, and limited private sector engagement emerged as major barriers to sustainable renewable energy development. In addition, the respondents suggest for increasing policy support from the government to make information more accessible to mass users, provide economic incentives to investors and users, and promote small-community based renewable energy projects. The study suggests that the government begin small scale projects to build awareness on renewable energy, while academically, higher learning institutions include renewable energy syllabus in their academic curriculum. The study concluded that to have sustainable renewable energy development, government’s initiative, private sector engagement and users awareness must be given priority.
A cross cultural analysis of conjuncts as indicators of the interaction and negotiation of meaning in research articles
Authors: Povolná Renata
Published: June 2016

The role of English as a global lingua franca of academia has become indisputable in the on-going process of internationalization of all scholarship, even though the majority of writers and readers of academic texts are non-native speakers of English. Thus it is questionable whether there is any justification for imposing on international academic communication written in English the style conventions typical of the dominant Anglophone discourse community. Recommendations usually comprise qualities such as clarity, economy, linearity and precision in communication (cf. Bennett, 2015), which can be achieved, among other means, by certain overt guiding signals including conjuncts (Quirk et al., 1985).

Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to reveal cross-cultural variation in the use of these important text-organizing means as it is believed that conjuncts can enhance the interaction and negotiation of meaning between the author and prospective readers of academic texts. The paper explores which semantic relations holding between parts of a text tend to be expressed overtly by conjuncts and which semantic classes, such as appositive, contrastive/concessive, listing and resultive conjuncts, contribute most to the interactive and dialogic nature of written academic discourse. The data are taken from research articles (RAs) selected from two journals, one representing academic discourse written by native speakers of English (Applied Linguistics) and the other representing academic texts written in English by Czech and Slovak scholars (Discourse and Interaction).
Aspectual and idiomatic properties of the particle on in Late Modern Spoken English
Authors: Leone Ljubica
Published: June 2016

The present study focuses on the description of the semantic features of phrasal verbs (PVs) containing the particle on and specifically aims at analysing the historical development of aspectual and idiomatic combinations in Late Modern Spoken English. From a historical perspective, the “figurative usage” (Kennedy, 1920) of PVs is a very interesting feature because it is the product of historical processes resulting in the PVs as they are known in Present Day English (PDE). This study is a corpus-based investigation conducted on the Late Modern English-Old Bailey Corpus (LModE-OBC), a corpus that has been compiled by using texts from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and annotated with the Visual Interactive Syntax Learning interface (VISL). The findings reveal that there was a general shift from spatial to aspectual meaning and a relative stability in the frequency of PVs in the time span 1750-1850. It can be assumed that PVs “have undergone a lexical development from compositional to noncompositional” (Thim, 2012, p. 12), a process that led PVs from being literal to figurative in meaning (Denison, 1981, p. 108; Claridge, 2000, p. 47) due to the semantic shift of particles from a directional to an aspectual connotation (Brinton and Akimoto, 1999, p. 8).
Species Diversity of Ciliates in Forest Soils of the Samur-Yalama National Park
Authors: Mamedova V. F. , Alekperov I. Kh.
Published: June 2016

The results of studies on soil ciliate diversity in different parts of the Samur-Yalama National Park undergoing human impact of different force are presented. It is shown that the highest species diversity observed in forest soils with minimal human impact. Cultivated soils in gardens and farmlands are characterized by low species diversity, often with mass development of a few dominant eurybiont species. A strong influence of land treatment on soil fauna of ciliates shown.
Ixodid Ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in Urban Landscapes. A review
Authors: Akimov I. А. , Nebogatkin I. V.
Published: June 2016

This study presents the results of content analysis of published works on ixodid ticks in urban conditions in order to determine the species diversity, the vectors of research interests at various stages. Information about ticks in the cities up to the 1980s is incidental, to the point of exclusive, after this point there is targeted research in urban landscapes. There are 106 or 15 % of hard ticks of the world fauna registered in the urban territory, 26 species or 3.7 % being the most abundant. Of the urban hard tick species, 23 (88.5 %) can attack humans, and 12 species are the most adapted to the urban landscape: Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus, I. pavlovskyi, I. scapularis (dammini), Amblyomma cajennense, Haemaphysalis longicornis, I. hexagonus, Hyalomma marginatum, Am. americanum, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. It was determined that the most likely causes of the growing number of publications on ixodids urban landscapes are: global accelerating urbanization, the development of recreational areas, the development of green tourism, the growth of the prestige of outdoor recreation, the creation of new, especially of the landscape parks and a tendency to preserve the native landscape in the cities, a significant increase in the density of populations of common species of hard ticks adapted to living in urban environment. The vectors of further work in urban landscapes will be directed to exact planning of monitoring studies of ixodids and associated tick-borne infections.
Interplay between structural change in Central Asian agriculture and institutional scarcity of land and water: evidence from Tajikistan
Authors: Theesfeld Insa , Klümper Frederike
Published: June 2016

This contribution focuses on the interaction between structural change in agriculture and the availability of key natural resources – land and water. The relationship is not unidimensional; therefore, we propose three dimensions of resource-induced structural change. The first dimension describes the links between the two critical input factors into agricultural production, namely land and water. To systematize this perspective, we use the concept of linking patterns that depict direct and indirect intersectoral linkages from a property rights perspective. Second, we examinee the dimension of how structural change in agriculture can be triggered by scarcity of natural resources. The third dimension describes structural change that may lead to overuse and scarcity. In this regard, we introduce resource scarcity not only as physical but most important as institutional scarcity. To illustrate these dimensions, we have chosen a case in Central Asia, where the availability and the control of access and withdrawal rights to land and water is of utmost importance for the agricultural sector. Tajikistan faces physical and institutional scarcity in arable land. The institutional scarcity is due to the non-transparent and costly processes that need to be followed to gain land rights. Likewise there is sufficient supply in water, in Tajikistan, but the de-facto access rights to water are limited for some groups. For instance, the post-socialist irrigation infrastructure is now inappropriate to serve all small-scale users on a canal. In the future, land use change due to a predicted increase of major investors, will have additional impact on the de-facto water rights. We conclude that a solid study not only on the physical but also on the institutional relations of agriculture to natural resources is important to come to reliable predictions of structural change in agriculture. We also show that structural change in agriculture may have wider implications for rural society that go beyond the agricultural sector.
Crucial Role of Rapgef2 and Rapgef6, a Family of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors for Rap1 Small GTPase, in Formation of Apical Surface Adherens Junctions and Neural Progenitor Development in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Maeta Kazuhiro , Edamatsu Hironori , Nishihara Kaori , Ikutomo Junji , Bilasy Shymaa E. , Kataoka Tohru
Published: June 2016

Cerebral neocortex development in mammals requires highly orchestrated events involving proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors and neurons. Rapgef2 and Rapgef6 constitute a unique family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rap1 small GTPase, which is known to play crucial roles in migration of postmitotic neurons. We previously reported that conditional knockout ofRapgef2in dorsal telencephalon (Rapgef2-cKO) resulted in the formation of an ectopic cortical mass (ECM) resembling that of subcortical band heterotopia. Here we show that double knockout ofRapgef6inRapgef2-cKO mice (Rapgef2/6-dKO) results in marked enlargement of the ECM. WhileRapgef2-cKO affects late-born neurons only,Rapgef2/6-dKO affects both early-born and late-born neurons. TheRapgef2-cKO cortex at embryonic day (E) 15.5, and theRapgef2/6-dKO cortex at E13.5 and E15.5 show disruption of the adherens junctions (AJs) on the apical surface, detachment of radial glial cells (RGCs) from the apical surface and disorganization of the radial glial fiber system, which are accompanied by aberrant distribution of RGCs and intermediate progenitors, normally located in the ventricular zone and the subventricular zone, respectively, over the entire cerebral cortex. Moreover, intrauterine transduction of Cre recombinase into theRapgef2flox/floxbrains also results in the apical surface AJ disruption and the RGC detachment from the apical surface, both of which are effectively suppressed by cotransduction of the constitutively active Rap1 mutant Rap1G12V. These results demonstrate a cell-autonomous role of the Rapgef2/6-Rap1 pathway in maintaining the apical surface AJ structures, which is necessary for the proper development of neural progenitor cells.
Nociceptive-Evoked Potentials Are Sensitive to Behaviorally Relevant Stimulus Displacements in Egocentric Coordinates
Authors: Moayedi M. , Di Stefano G. , Stubbs M. T. , Djeugam B. , Liang M. , Iannetti G. D.
Published: June 2016

Feature selection has been extensively studied in the context of goal-directed behavior, where it is heavily driven by top-down factors. A more primitive version of this function is the detection of bottom-up changes in stimulus features in the environment. Indeed, the nervous system is tuned to detect fast-rising, intense stimuli that are likely to reflect threats, such as nociceptive somatosensory stimuli. These stimuli elicit large brain potentials maximal at the scalp vertex. When elicited by nociceptive laser stimuli, these responses are labeled laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). Although it has been shown that changes in stimulus modality and increases in stimulus intensity evoke large LEPs, it has yet to be determined whether stimulus displacements affect the amplitude of the main LEP waves (N1, N2, and P2). Here, in three experiments, we identified a set of rules that the human nervous system obeys to identify changes in the spatial location of a nociceptive stimulus. We showed that the N2 wave is sensitive to: (1) large displacements between consecutive stimuli in egocentric, but not somatotopic coordinates; and (2) displacements that entail a behaviorally relevant change in the stimulus location. These findings indicate that nociceptive-evoked vertex potentials are sensitive to behaviorally relevant changes in the location of a nociceptive stimulus with respect to the body, and that the hand is a particularly behaviorally important site.
El uso de la imagen como herramienta de investigación
Authors: García Gil Mónica Eliana
Published: June 2016

Derivado de la investigación “Equidad y convivencia ciudadana en el espacio público de Bogotá: aportes para la pedagogía y la gestión urbana” (universidades Pedagógica Nacional y Santo Tomás, Bogotá, 2007-2009), cuyo objetivo fue caracterizar los aspectos que diversos grupos poblacionales de la ciudad identifican como favorables para la equidad en el acceso, el uso del espacio público y la convivencia ciudadana, este artículo hace referencia particular a la metodología orientada a establecer las narrativas que circulan entre los grupos juveniles de la ciudad de Bogotá y sus aportes para la generación de convivencia y equidad en el espacio público.
Características Morfométricas de las Gallinas Criollas de Comunidades Rurales del Sur del Ecuador
Authors: Villacís Rivas Gustavo , Escudero Sánchez Galo , Cueva Castillo Fredy , Luzuriaga Neira Agusto
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la variabilidad morfológica de gallinas criollas del sur de Ecuador. Se trabajó con 200 individuos adultos (31 machos y 169 hembras), que fueron caracterizados con la ayuda de 14 descriptores para caracterización morfométrica propuestos por la FAO. Dentro de las mediciones, se seleccionaron el peso corporal y el largo del tarso por tener directa relación con las características productivas de interés para el estudio. Se identificó la presencia de 10 biotipos de gallinas criollas con diferencias físicas visibles entre ellas. Mediante análisis estadístico multivariado se determinó que los 10 biotipos se agrupan en tres bloques en el caso de las hembras y en dos bloques en el caso de los machos.
Prevalencia de Paramixovirus en Murciélagos en Seis Zonas de Madre de Dios y Puno, Perú, con Dos Grados de Perturbación Antropogénica
Authors: Segovia H. Karen , Gabriela Salmon-Mulanovich Gabriela , M. Ghersi Bruno , Silva Maria , Maturrano H. Lenin , G. Bausch Daniel
Published: June 2016

Los Andes tropicales que comprende la región de Madre de Dios, Perú, es considerada una zona de conservación para la biodiversidad; sin embargo, el reciente desarrollo de la zona a través de la pavimentación de la carretera interoceánica (CIO) ha ocasionado un impacto antropogénico en la región. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de paramixovirus, patógenos emergentes de importancia para la salud pública y animal, en murciélagos capturados a lo largo de los tramos de la CIO sujetos a diferentes grados de perturbación ecológica. La captura se hizo entre octubre de 2009 a octubre de 2010 en tres zonas altamente perturbadas y tres zonas con un grado de perturbación moderado a ligero; además, en la Reserva Nacional de Tambopata como grupo control. Se analizaron muestras de bazo mediante la técnica de RT-PCR semianidado que detecta las regiones conservadas del gen de la polimerasa. Se capturaron 436 murciélagos de 24 géneros y 35 especies, encontrándose una prevalencia de paramixovirus de 10.3% (IC 95%: 7.6-13.6%). La prevalencia fue de 15.7% en lugares clasificados con alto grado de perturbación ecológica, siendo significativamente mayor (p=0.009) que en lugares con moderado grado de perturbación (5.6%) y en la zona control (8.3%). La especie Artibeus planisrostris mostró la más alta frecuencia de infección (37%). Mediante el análisis de secuencia se identificaron tres muestras positivas a paramixovirus agrupadas dentro del género Morbillivirus (no clasificada) en las especies Carollia brevicuda y C. perspicillata; así como miembros del género Rubulavirus (Mapuera virus) en tres muestras de murciélagos adultos de la especie Sturnira lilium colectados en el distrito de Iberia.
Sexaje Molecular a Partir de Heces en Osos de Anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus)
Authors: Caselli S. Caselli S. , Maturrano H. Lenin
Published: June 2016

El oso de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) se encuentra vulnerable debido a la caza y destrucción de su medio ambiente y es de difícil observación en vida libre, lo que obstaculiza su manejo e investigación, por lo que el uso de muestras no invasivas como heces se convierte en una gran herramienta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar una técnica de sexado mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de ADN extraído de células exfoliadas del colon presentes en muestras de heces. Se utilizaron 17 muestras (10 de hembras y 7 de machos) de osos de sexo conocido y criados en cautiverio en cuatro instituciones de la zona de Lima, Perú. Para la extracción de ADN se utilizó un kit comercial específico para heces. Se logró extraer de 20 a 30 ng de ADN de cada muestra. Mediante PCR se evaluaron dos secuencias de genes: amelogenina con los cebadores SE47-SE48 y la región determinante del sexo en el cromosoma Y (SRY) con los cebadores SRYB3- SRYB5. Con el gen de amelogenina se logró sexar a los 17 osos (100%), mientras que con el gen SRY no se logró el sexado. Se concluye que con el gen amelogenina hay una coincidencia de 100% entre el sexo conocido y el sexo hallado mediante PCR de ADN extraído de heces.
Percepción de los Beneficios de la Tenencia de Animales de Compañía para las Personas de la Mediana Edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Authors: Hugues H. Beatriz , Álvarez Á. Aimee M. , Castelo E. Lizet , Ledón L. Loraine , Mendoza T. Madelín , Domínguez A. Emma
Published: June 2016

Se efectuó un estudio con el objetivo de explorar la percepción de personas de la mediana edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) respecto a la tenencia de animales de compañía y su relación con la satisfacción personal, beneficios sobre la salud psicoemocional, el control metabólico y la motivación para la realización de actividades físicas. El estudio fue de tipo transversal, descriptivo, con 85 personas de 40 a 59 años de edad con DM2 y residentes en La Habana, Cuba. Se confeccionó un cuestionario autoadministrado para la evaluación de estos aspectos y obtención de datos demográficos. El 82% de las personas admitió que se sentían muy satisfechas al compartir sus vidas con estos animales, el 84% percibió una relación muy beneficiosa para su salud psicoemocional y el 98% admitió que los motivaba a cuidarse más de la DM2. Asimismo, dentro de las 43 personas que tenían perros, el 65% se sentía motivado a realizar actividades físicas junto al animal (caminatas).
Efecto del Medio Hipoosmótico sobre la Vitalidad Espermática en Semen Canino
Authors: Sánchez R. Alfonso , Zamora D. Patricia
Published: June 2016

La prueba hipoosmótica ha sido utilizada ampliamente en la valoración de la calidad seminal en varias especies animales. El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de comparar el efecto de la incubación de espermatozoides caninos en dos soluciones hipoosmóticas (0 mOsm/l - HOST-s y 150 mOsm/l - HOST) sobre la vitalidad espermática (VE). Se obtuvieron 15 eyaculados (2ª fracción) mediante manipulación digital en 10 perros, cuyos espermiogramas fueron considerados normales. De cada eyaculado se tomaron alícuotas de 5 µl para diluirlas en 45 µl de cada solución hipoosmótica, e incubarlas a 37 ºC por 5 y 45 min, respectivamente. La VE se evaluó mediante tinción eosina-nigrosina. En la prueba hipoosmótica se obtuvo 92.1 y 90.1% de espermatozoides dilatados para HOST-s y HOST, respectivamente (p<0.05) y en la prueba de VE se obtuvo 66.5 y 78.3% de espermatozoides vivos para HOST-s y HOST, respectivamente (p<0.01). Se concluye que la menor osmolaridad genera menor VE posincubación.
Proliferación Microbiana y Calidad Posdescongelación de Semen Equino Criopreservado en Presencia de Antibióticos
Authors: Giovanni Restrepo Betancur Giovanni , Rodríguez Mazo Leonardo , Duque Cortés Juan Esteban
Published: June 2016

Los antibióticos son utilizados en la criopreservación de semen equino con el fin de controlar la proliferación de microorganismos; sin embargo, estos pueden tener efectos negativos sobre los espermatozoides. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de dos preparaciones antibióticas sobre el desarrollo microbiano y la calidad de semen equino criopreservado. El semen de 10 caballos criollos colombianos fue criopreservado por congelación convencional, con dos preparaciones antibióticas: P1 (penicilina 10000 UI/ml y estreptomicina 10 mg/ml) y P2 (penicilina 10000 UI/ml, estreptomicina 10 mg/ml y anfotericina B 25 µg/ml) y un grupo control sin antibióticos. Posterior a la descongelación, se realizó la evaluación computarizada de la movilidad espermática, la prueba hipoosmótica (HOS) y el conteo de bacterias y hongos en el semen. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) y la comparación de medias por Tukey. Se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) para movilidad total (MT%) entre P1 (32.2 ± 17.6) y P2 (34.4 ± 19.1) con el grupo control (39.7 ± 16.5) y para movilidad progresiva (MP%) entre P1 (15.5 ± 14.8) con P2 (17.9 ± 16.5) y el control (19.6 ± 14.1). Para la proliferación microbiana se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) para bacterias (UFC/ml) entre P1 (167.7 ± 237.1) y P2 (240.1 ± 321.0) con el grupo control (464.4 ± 448.5). El uso de preparaciones antibióticas con penicilina, estreptomicina y anfotericina B en la criopreservación de semen equino reduce la proliferación de bacterias, pero produce una disminución en la movilidad espermática posdescongelación.
Susceptibilidad Antibiótica de Cepas de Escherichia coli en Crías de Alpaca con y sin Diarrea
Authors: Barrios-Arpi Manuel , Morales C. Siever , Villacaqui-Ayllon Eglinton
Published: June 2016

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la susceptibilidad antibiótica de aislados de Escherichia coli en crías de alpaca con y sin diarrea de las comunidades campesinas de la localidad de Lachocc, departamento de Huancavelica, Perú. Se analizaron hisopados rectales de 95 animales con diarrea y de 60 aparentemente sanos de 1 a 2 meses de edad. El 48.4% (46/95) y el 60% (36/60) de las muestras de animales con y sin diarrea fueron positivas al cultivo de E. coli. Estos aislados fueron sensibles a la mayoría de los antibacterianos, especialmente trimetoprim (98%), gentamicina (95%) y fosfomicina (88%). La excepción fue la nitrofurantoína, cuyas cepas mostraron una baja susceptibilidad (8.3%).
The impact of multisource feedback (MSF) including patient feedback on psychiatric trainees
Authors: Murton Claudia Anna Claire
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: MSF is mandatory for trainee doctors therefore it would be tempting to assume its educational benefits. UK medical trainees do not have to obtain patient feedback as part of MSF. There is evidence examining various aspects of patient feedback and MSF, but little specifically on the performance effects of MSF with patient feedback. By systematically reviewing the literature I aim to explore these effects. Method: Multiple databases were systematically searched for eligible literature which was critically reviewed, evaluated and summarised Results: Quality of studies was variable; most had small, uncontrolled samples, assessing outcomes at lower Kirkpatrick levels (Barr et al., 2000). Although one RCT and a prospective cohort provided stronger evidence. They were generally positive about the educational benefits of MSF with patient feedback, providing evidence to be interpreted with caution. They also revealed insight into particular factors important to include in MSF to maximise benefit. Conclusions: There is evidence that MSF with patient feedback can lead to performance improvement although more robust evidence is needed. Consideration could be given to improve the MSF tools trainees in the UK currently use.
Determinism, chaos, self-organization and entropy
Authors: PONTES JOSÉ
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT We discuss two changes of paradigms that occurred in science along the XXth century: the end of the mechanist determinism, and the end of the apparent incompatibility between biology, where emergence of order is law, and physics, postulating a progressive loss of order in natural systems. We recognize today that three mechanisms play a major role in the building of order: the nonlinear nature of most evolution laws, along with distance to equilibrium, and with the new paradigm, that emerged in the last forty years, as we recognize that networks present collective order properties not found in the individual nodes. We also address the result presented by Blumenfeld (L.A. Blumenfeld, Problems of Biological Physics, Springer, Berlin, 1981) showing that entropy decreases resulting from building one of the most complex biological structures, the human being, are small and may be trivially compensated for compliance with thermodynamics. Life is made at the expense of very low thermodynamic cost, so thermodynamics does not pose major restrictions to the emergence of life. Besides, entropy does not capture our idea of order in biological systems. The above questions show that science is not free of confl icts and backlashes, often resulting from excessive extrapolations.
Translation and validation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS)
Authors: Servelhere Katiane R. , Faber Ingrid , Coan Ana Carolina , França Junior Marcondes
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are characterized by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity. There are no validated instruments to quantify disease severity in Portuguese. Objective To translate and validate the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) into Brazilian-Portuguese. Method Two experienced and English-fluent neurologists translated SPRS into Portuguese, creating SPRS-BR. We then assessed inter and intra-rater reliability of this version using coefficients of correlation and variability in a cohort of 30 patients. Results Mean age of patients and disease duration were 47.7 ± 10.5 and 17.0 ± 10.6 years, respectively. Twenty-one had pure HSP and SPG4 was the most frequent genotype. Mean Rankin and SPRS-BR scores were 2.2 ± 0.9 and 19.9 ± 9.9, respectively. Mean intra and inter-rater correlation coefficients of SPRS-BR scores were 0.951 and 0.934, whereas coefficients of variation were 11.5% (inter-rater) and 9.9% (intra-rater). Cronbach’s alpha for the whole SPRS-BR scale was 0.873. Conclusion SPRS-BR is a useful, reliable and valid clinical instrument.
Cortisol, DHEA, and depression in the elderly: the influence of physical capacity
Authors: Moraes Helena , Deslandes Andrea , Maciel-Pinheiro Paulo de Tarso , Corrêa Humberto , Laks Jerson
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Objective Major depression have been associated with cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) changes in old depressed patients. We examined the association between depression, cortisol, and DHEA, correcting for confounding variables, including physical capacity. In addition, the association between hormone levels and physical capacity in these two experimental groups was also analyzed. Method Depressed patients (n = 32) and healthy control (n = 31) old adults, both matched for age, were analyzed. Subjects were submitted to a physical capacity evaluation, including physical activity levels, functional fitness test, and balance scale. Results Depressed patients showed significant lower levels of cortisol than controls, which became non-significant after controlling for physical capacity. A positive correlation was observed between cortisol levels and physical capacity. Conclusions The data suggest that physical capacity modulates the relationship between depression and cortisol levels and needs to be taken into consideration in the future investigations.
Coconstrução da autonomia do cuidado da pessoa com diabetes
Authors: Baade Rosilei Teresinha Weiss , Bueno Edison
Published: June 2016

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a coconstrução da autonomia do cuidado da pessoa com diabetes, por meio das reflexões dos usuários diabéticos e profissionais de saúde de uma equipe de ambulatório especializado público, localizado num município de médio porte no sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas de pessoas com diabetes, profissionais de saúde e uma Roda de Conversa com os profissionais sobre as falas destes usuários. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, especificamente, a análise temática. A escuta, a clínica ampliada e a cogestão se afirmaram como estratégias potentes para compreender o viver e o lidar com diabetes como um processo singular e compartilhado entre adoecidos e profissionais de saúde, onde a doença faça parte da vida e não a vida parte da doença.
Percepciones comunitarias relativas a la prevención del dengue en asentamientos humanos afectados. Lima-Perú, 2015
Authors: Carmona Gloria , Donaires Luis Fernando
Published: June 2016

Con el objetivo de describir las percepciones comunitarias para la prevención del dengue en las localidades afectadas de Lima, realizamos un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevistas desde el modelo de creencias en salud. Los entrevistados mencionaron diversos factores de saneamiento, conductas e información que incrementan su exposición al dengue, expresando que los afectaría en aspectos laborales, familiares y económicos, asumiendo parte de la responsabilidad en la prevención y recalcando la labor de los promotores de salud, medios de comunicación y líderes comunitarios. Entre las medidas preventivas mencionadas, se incluyeron medidas sin evidencia de efectividad. Las principales barreras expresadas fueron las siguientes, caraterizadas como insuficientes: cantidad de profesionales de salud, participación comunitaria, organización en las actividades preventivas y discontinuidad luego de los brotes. La discusión y reflexión sobre estos contextos promueve una oportunidad en el abordaje de la labor preventiva hacia el dengue.
Pontos, conexões e costuras: tecendo uma experimentação a partir da pedagogia científica de Bachelard
Authors: Gazzinelli Maria Flávia , Fernandes Marconi Moura , Soares Amanda Nathale , Barroso Viviane Gonçalves
Published: June 2016

Apresentamos o relato de proposta da disciplina Teoria do Conhecimento e da Educação nas Práticas Educativas em Saúde, do curso de pós-graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma experimentação inspirada nos pressupostos de Gaston Bachelard, que abordou a doação de órgãos e os transplantes buscando produzir conhecimentos e engendrar acontecimentos. O artigo está dividido em oito momentos, equivalentes aos que Bachelard compreende como necessários para chegar ao conhecimento, indo da desconstrução gradativa do senso comum à afirmação científica. A criação de um ambiente de dúvidas e inquietações sobre a temática foi a matéria para a experimentação e a atualização de acontecimentos. Dessa matéria, demasiadamente viva, insurgiram acontecimentos capazes de inaugurar variações, conexões e proliferações no pensamento, além de situações marcadas pela captura do instituído e por processos de subjetivação fechados sobre si mesmos.
Tempo, História e Educação Matemática
Authors: Brito Arlete de Jesus
Published: June 2016

Resumo Nesse artigo discutimos como a concepção de “tempo” alterou-se no decorrer da história. Analisamos de que modos tal concepção insere-se na formação do ser social, ou seja, na educação. Indicamos a necessidade de que pesquisas em História da Educação Matemática analisem como o “tempo” tem sido utilizado em Reformas Curriculares e nas práticas docentes. Nossos referenciais são Norbert Elias (1998), Michel Foucault (1993), Jacques Le Goff (1995) e Edward Thompson (1998).
Descaminhos: potencialidades da Arte com a Educação Matemática
Authors: Flores Cláudia Regina
Published: June 2016

Resumo Este artigo discute sobre potencialidades de uma Educação Matemática através da Arte, quando se pergunta o que pode a imagem com a Educação Matemática. Desloca-se dos habituais modos de se fazer pesquisa nesta temática, para analisar quais outras formas de intervenção são possíveis para ensinar Matemática por meio da Arte. Opera com os conceitos de visualidade, imagem, experiência, dispositivo, cartografia, para propor que as imagens da Arte podem ser lugares para o exercício de pensamento matemático. Para tanto, recorre-se a dois ensaios-investigação, a fim de demonstrar uma maneira metodológica de lidar com pinturas que vai muito mais além do que, simplesmente, ensinar e aprender Matemática. O que se pretende, enfim, é demarcar uma postura e uma perspectiva teórica ao propor descaminhos para tratar de Arte, Educação e Matemática.
Por Que Análise Real na Licenciatura? Um Paralelo entre as Visões de Educadores Matemáticos e de Matemáticos
Authors: Moreira Plinio Cavalcanti , Vianna Carlos Roberto
Published: June 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho analisam-se as respostas apresentadas por 18 educadores matemáticos a um questionário sobre a ementa e o papel da disciplina Análise Real nos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática e traça-se um paralelo com as respostas dadas por matemáticos a esse mesmo questionário em 2005. Os educadores matemáticos são pesquisadores selecionados entre os que orientaram tese de doutorado entre 2006 e 2011 em instituições universitárias brasileiras. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram os mesmos utilizados na análise das respostas dos matemáticos: elas foram submetidas a um processo de unitarização para a construção de categorias, segundo a abordagem metodológica da Análise de Conteúdo. Descrevem-se duas categorias que sintetizam os argumentos dos educadores matemáticos em favor da obrigatoriedade da disciplina no curso de licenciatura e comparam-se esses argumentos com os obtidos no estudo com os matemáticos, publicado em 2005. Os resultados mostram que, em geral, os argumentos dos dois grupos convergem, embora sutis diferenças de percepção do papel da Análise Real na Licenciatura tenham sido identificadas.
Problemas Descriptivos de Fracciones
Authors: Alfonso Bernardo Gómez , García María Teresa Sanz , Gabarda Irene Huerta
Published: June 2016

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre los problemas verbales de fracciones que ha transmitido la tradición escolar. Se trata de problemas descriptivos, porque su contexto es una historieta o narración pseudorealista que no pretende dar respuesta a ninguna situación verdaderamente práctica. Mediante el análisis didáctico e histórico-epistemológico se aporta claridad metodológica sobre estos problemas de fracciones, al identificar sus distintos tipos, sus estructuras, sus lecturas analíticas, sus reglas, fórmulas y métodos de resolución.
Diseño e Implementación de un Curso para la Formación de Profesores en Matemática: una Propuesta desde la TAD
Authors: Corica Ana Rosa , Otero María Rita
Published: June 2016

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos y discutimos resultados del diseño e implementación de un curso para la formación de futuros profesores de matemática en didáctica de la matemática. El curso se encuentra fundamentado en la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico, y tiene como propósito que los futuros profesores adopten gestos de un modelo pedagógico no tradicional, basado en la investigación y en la vinculación de la matemática con otras disciplinas. En este trabajo desarrollamos una investigación cualitativa, siendo la metodología propuesta un estudio exploratorio. La investigación se desarrolló en un curso de tercer año de un profesorado en matemática en una universidad nacional Argentina. El curso que diseñamos se compone de dos situaciones. En este trabajo reportamos resultados de la situación dónde se propuso que los futuros profesores estudien una cuestión esencial de la profesión de profesor de matemática, que es: ¿Cómo diseñar e implementar dispositivos didácticos para el estudio de la matemática? Los principales resultados indican que, si bien toda la formación de los futuros profesores estuvo regida por el fenómeno de la monumentalización del saber, logramos incorporar algunos gérmenes de la pedagogía de la investigación y el cuestionamiento del mundo. La comunidad de futuros profesores logró, ante una pregunta sobre la profesión de profesor de matemática, formular y estudiar otras, y que el producto del estudio sea compartido y defendido por todo el grupo.
Implicações das noções de canção como constelação de gêneros e de letramento literomusical para o ensino de português como língua adicional
Authors: Souza José Peixoto Coelho de
Published: June 2016

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as implicações pedagógicas das noções de canção como constelação de gêneros (COELHO DE SOUZA, 2010, 2014) e de letramento literomusical (COELHO DE SOUZA, 2015) para o ensino de Português como Língua Adicional através de uma proposta de objetivos e orientações pedagógicas para a abordagem do gênero canção em aulas de línguas. Afiliada à perspectiva do ensino de línguas que toma os textos de diferentes gêneros discursivos e as práticas sociais por eles mediadas como objeto de ensino (BRASIL, 1998; RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2009) a fim de fomentar a educação linguística dos educandos (BAGNO; RANGEL, 2005), a proposta pedagógica interdisciplinar aqui apresentada busca fornecer recursos para que possam participar de modo mais efetivo, crítico, qualificado e autoral nas práticas sociais e nos discursos nos quais suas inter(ações) são mediadas por canções.
Fungos conidiais do bioma Caatinga I. Novos registros para o continente americano, Neotrópico, América do Sul e Brasil
Authors: Almeida Davi Augusto Carneiro de , Izabel Tasciano dos Santos Santa , Gusmão Luís Fernando Pascholati
Published: June 2016

Resumo Durante inventário de fungos conidiais realizado na Serra da Fumaça, Pindobaçu, estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram identificadas 44 espécies. Destas, cinco representam novos registro para o continente americano: Dendryphiosphaera parvula Nawawi & Kuthub., Diplococcium dendrocalami Goh, K.D. Hyde & Umali, Sporidesmiella aspera Kuthub. & Nawawi, S. fusiformis W.P. Wu e Triposporium verruculosum R.F. Castañeda, Gené & Guarro. Stanjehughesia hormiscioides (Corda) Subram. é um novo registro para o Neotrópico; Hemibeltrania decorosa R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr constitui novo registro para a América do Sul e Spadicoides macroobovata Matsush. é um novo registro para o Brasil. Descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica mundial e comentários são apresentados para os novos registros citados. Uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas é adicionada.
Existe utilização efetiva dos recursos vegetais conhecidos em comunidades caiçaras da Ilha do Cardoso, estado de São Paulo, Brasil?
Authors: Miranda Tatiana Mota , Hanazaki Natalia , Govone José Silvio , Alves Daniela Mota Miranda
Published: June 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho buscou verificar se os recursos vegetais da Ilha do Cardoso são efetivamente usados pelos seus caiçaras, além de avaliar se a origem biogeográfica e a finalidade de uso das plantas, bem como se fatores sócioeconômicos influem no conhecimento local. O estudo consistiu na realização de 51 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com residentes do local há pelo menos cinco anos e maiores de 18 anos. Os resultados permitiram-nos concluir que os entrevistados retêm amplo e diverso conhecimento sobre plantas e que grande parte do que conhecem é por eles utilizado (82%). As plantas mais conhecidas são em sua maioria nativas, apesar de verificarmos maior proporção de uso entre as exóticas (95%). O conhecimento e uso variaram conforme a categoria de uso dos recursos e se mostraram, de modo geral, equivalentes em relação à idade e gênero dos informantes. Em relação à atividade exercida, constatou-se que as donas de casa usam um maior número de plantas exóticas medicinais, que os pescadores conhecem e usam mais plantas nativas manufatureiras e que monitores ambientais e os que exercem atividades relacionadas ao turismo demonstraram conhecimento semelhante, predominando o de plantas medicinais, apesar de menos usadas, em comparação com os de outras atividades profissionais.
Reproductive biology of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae): evidence of self-sterility in populations of the state of São Paulo
Authors: Pansarin Emerson R. , Pansarin Ludmila M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract The reproductive biology and the pollination of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli were studied in populations native to interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This species blossoms in summer and its flowers offer both nectar and pollen as rewards to pollinators. Nectar is produced in nectaries located at the base of the marginal carpels, opposite the petals. However, the effective pollinators (social and solitary bees), were recorded collecting pollen only. Visits, which can last from one or a few seconds to more than one minute, occur during the whole flower lifespan. Each flower opens at about 5:30 a.m. and lasts circa eight hours. All plants in the studied populations produce only hermaphrodite flowers. Percentage of pollen viability is 75%. The studied populations are self-incompatible and, as a consequence, pollinators are needed to transfer pollen among individuals. In natural conditions and after hand cross-pollinations, all receptacles presented mature achenes. Based on the analyses of pollen tube growth from hand self-pollinated flowers, and as a consequence of achenes abortion circa 30 days after self-pollinations, the populations of E. grandiflorus studied apparently presents a mechanism of late-acting self-sterility.
Morfologia de sementes e de estádios iniciais de plântulas de espécies de Bromeliaceae da Amazônia
Authors: Silva Ivone Vieira , Scatena Vera Lúcia
Published: June 2016

Resumo Sementes de Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii (Bromelioideae); Dyckia duckei, D. racemosa (Pitcairnioideae) e Tillandsia adpressiflora (Tillandsioideae) foram coletadas em regiões amazônicas (Mato Grosso) e estudadas visando sua caracterização morfológica e o desenvolvimento pós-seminal com finalidades taxonômicas, além de verificar a porcentagem de germinação. Todas as espécies apresentam germinação epígea e plântulas criptocotiledonares. As sementes não apresentam dormência e a porcentagem de germinação é alta, acima de 86%, facilitando a produção de mudas e estudos de conservação. Como característica exclusiva dos gêneros, o envoltório das sementes de Aechmea(Bromelioideae) apresenta mucilagem que evita a dessecação; enquanto que o de Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) apresenta alas membranáceas e o de Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae) apresenta apêndices plumosos, neste último caso provavelmente para facilitar a dispersão e estabelecer o hábito epifítico. O início do desenvolvimento pós-seminal de Aechmea (Bromelioideae) e Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) é marcado pela emergência da raiz primária, interpretado como caráter basal, enquanto que o de Tillandsia adpressiflora (Tillandsioideae) é marcado pela emergência do cotilédone, interpretado como caráter derivado. Dyckia e Tillandsia apresentam pequeno tanque apenas na fase de plântula e em Aechmea ocorre o contrário.