bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lysosome damage triggers direct ATG8 conjugation and ATG2 engagement via non-canonical autophagy
Authors: Cross Jake , Durgan Joanne , McEwan David G. , Tayler Matthew , Ryan Kevin M. , Florey Oliver
Published: October 2023

Cells harness multiple pathways to maintain lysosome integrity, a central homeostatic process. Damaged lysosomes can be repaired or targeted for degradation by lysophagy, a selective autophagy process involving ATG8/LC3. Here, we describe a parallel ATG8/LC3 response to lysosome damage, mechanistically distinct from lysophagy. Using a comprehensive series of biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches, we show that lysosome damage induces non-canonical autophagy and Conjugation of ATG8s to Single Membranes (CASM). Following damage, ATG8s are rapidly and directly conjugated onto lysosome membranes, independently of ATG13/WIPI2, lipidating to PS (and PE), a molecular hallmark of CASM. Lysosome damage drives V-ATPase V0-V1 association, direct recruitment of ATG16L1 via its WD40-domain/K490A, and is sensitive to Salmonella SopF. Lysosome damage-induced CASM is associated with formation of dynamic, LC3A-positive tubules, and promotes robust LC3A engagement with ATG2, a lipid transfer protein central to lysosome repair. Together, our data identify direct ATG8 conjugation as a rapid response to lysosome damage, with important links to lipid transfer and dynamics.
High polarity analyte(s) in aqueous media: Determination of L-PFOA and L-PFOS in ground water
Authors: Bilsel Mine , Gökçen Taner , Binici Burcu , Isleyen Alper , Yılmaz Hasibe , Piechotta Christian , Krylov Anatoliy , Miheeva Alena , Palagina Marina , Ushal Unna , Perkola Noora , Quinn Laura , Prevoo-Franzsen Désirée , Claasen Deirdre , Fernandes-Whaley Maria
Published: October 2023

Main text

Track C key comparison on determination of L-PFOA and L-PFOS in ground water (CCQM-K156) coordinated by TUBITAK UME was completed in 2022. A subsequent comparison (CCQM-K156.1) was offered to those NMIs or DIs who did not get the chance to participate in the previous comparison or who would like to repeat this measurement challenge.

This study provides the means for assessing measurement capabilities for determination of high polarity measurands in a procedure that requires extraction, clean-up, analytical separation and detection. Successful participation in CCQM-K156.1 demonstrates measurement capabilities in determining mass fraction of organic compounds, with molecular mass of 200 g/mol to 700 g/mol, having high polarity pKow > -2, in mass fraction range from 0.5 ng/kg to 500 ng/kg in aqueous media.

Five NMIs and DIs participated in CCQM-K156.1 key comparison. SPE was applied in the sample pre-treatment and LC-MS was applied for detection. All participating laboratories applied isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) techniques for quantification. Participants established the metrological traceability of their results using certified reference materials (CRMs) from NMIs with stated traceability.

The CCQM-K156.1 results for L-PFOA and L-PFOS range from 4.71 ng/kg to 9.36 ng/kg with a % RSD of 23.5 % for L-PFOA and from 4.62 ng/kg to 7.67 ng/kg with a % RSD of 18.6 % for L-PFOS. The KCRV and u(KCRV) for this comparison were the results of TUBITAK UME, since TUBITAK UME was a participant in the previous CCQM-K156 and its results agreed well with the CCQM-K156 KCRV. The KCRV was 9.36 ng/kg ± 0.98 ng/kg for L-PFOA and 7.01 ng/kg ± 0.94 ng/kg for L-PFOS. For L-PFOA, the result of SYKE agreed with KCRV, while the results of VNIIM, BAM and NMISA were biased low. As for L-PFOS, BAM, SYKE and NMISA results agreed with the KCRV, whereas VNIIM result was biased low.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Controlled synthesis of van der Waals CoS2 for improved p-type transistor contact
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Chaocheng , Duan Hengli , Li Zhi , Wang Chao , Tan Hao , Feng Sihua , Liu Ruiqi , Li Pai , Yan Wensheng
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) p-type semiconductors have shown attractive application prospects as atomically thin channels in electronic devices. However, the high Schottky hole barrier of p-type semiconductor–metal contacts induced by Fermi-level pinning is hardly removed. Herein, we prepare a vdW 1T-CoS2 nanosheet as the contact electrode of a WSe2 field-effect transistor (FET), which shows a considerably high on/off ratio > 107 and a hole mobility of ∼114.5 cm2 V−1 s−1. The CoS2 nanosheets exhibit metallic conductivity with thickness dependence, which surpasses most 2D transition metal dichalcogenide metals or semimetals. The excellent FET performance of the CoS2-contacted WSe2 FET device can be attributed to the high work function of CoS2, which lowers the Schottky hole barrier. Our work provides an effective method for growing vdW CoS2 and opens up more possibilities for the application of 2D p-type semiconductors in electronic devices.
A novel design of capacitive MEMS multi-range accelerometer; FEM and numerical approach
Authors: Ahmadian Koochaksaraie Reza , Barazandeh Farshad , Barati Hamed
Published: October 2023

Sensing the acceleration with high dynamic range follows space and size limitations and many errors and inconveniences caused by using multiple accelerometers on a single structure. A novel MEMS capacitive accelerometer with a dual-spring system has been proposed to address this issue. Such a design is a single device with two sensitivities in different sensing ranges. It increases the dynamic range of the sensing by incorporating the supporting springs at high accelerations. Therefore, the sensor can sense a more comprehensive dynamic range while maintaining the required resolution in different ranges. The design parameters of the sensor, such as the thickness of the structural layer, the size of the sensor, and the width of the spring beams, have been investigated. The mechanical sensitivity in the first range is 0.082 μm g−1. For the second range, it is 0.0015 to 0.0091 μm g−1 depending on the supportive springs’ width. Moreover, the natural frequency of the device is 1740 Hz. The capacitance change of the proposed sensor is 7 fF g−1 on average for the first range and 0.08 to 0. 48 fF g−1 for different configurations in the second range. Utilizing such sensors with changeable stiffness in different ranges can reduce the sensor footprint and fabrication cost and increase reliability.
Perturbations and stability conditions of k-essence and kinetic gravity braiding models in two-field measure theory
Authors: Cordero R , De-Santiago J , Miranda O G , Serrano-Crivelli M
Published: October 2023

We study cosmological perturbations for k-essence and kinetic gravity braiding models in the context of the two-field measure theory (TMT). Considering scalar perturbations and the uniform field gauge, we obtain the sound speed of the fields and present a stability analysis by means of the kinetic matrix and the mass eigenvalues. For k-essence models, in the two-field measure theory, the speed of propagation of the field is modified completely due to the new measure field and it gives rise to crucial differences with respect to the case without new measure. The stability analysis gives a physical viable model for the Universe. For the kinetic gravity braiding models in the two-field measure theory we get that, in general, the speed of perturbations is equal to the speed of light which is a consequence of the properties of the new measure field. In the latter case, there is always a ghost field. Furthermore, we calculate general expressions for the mass eigenvalues and find, for an explicit example, the existence of tachyonic instabilities.
Tunable unidirectional reflectionless propagation in non-hermitian graphene-based metasurface
Authors: Huang Zhong , Tang Chaojun , Yan Zhendong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose an graphene-based non-Hermitian metasurface and numerically investigate a tunable unidirectional reflectionless phenomenon for the THz region. The metasurface is composed of cascaded square graphene patch and its complementary structure separated by a thin dielectric layer. By simply selecting the thickness of the dielectric layer, the backward reflection for our structure is zero, and the corresponding forward reflection is about 35% at 31.15 THz. The coupled mode theory and the non-Hermitian scattering matrix are used to show that unidirectional reflectionless is responsible for the exceptional point. The Fermi energy of the graphene can actively tune the one-way zero reflection frequency. By varying the Fermi energy from 0.56 eV to 0.64 eV, a spectral blue shift of one-way zero reflection from 29.6 THz to 32.2 THz is obtained, maintaining the same structure. We believe that the proposed scheme will provides more flexible opportunities to realize unidirectional invisibility, diode-like device, on-chip sensors and filters.
Nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic waves and its modulation instability
Authors: Alharthi N S , Tolba R E , Moslem W M
Published: October 2023

Investigation the nonlinear dust-acoustic waves in a complex plasma in Titan’s ionosphere sets to become a vital factor in understanding different wave profiles in such space plasma. As for dust on Titan, there is evidence that suggests the Moon has a dusty surface. The Cassini spacecraft, which explored Saturn and its moons, detected bright spots on Titan’s surface that could be the result of dust or ice particles reflecting sunlight. Based on the above finding, a convenient mathematical model is considered and an appropriate evolution equation (Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers KdVB equation) is derived. At low wavenumber, the KdVB equation is transformed to a complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation that describes the propagation of the wave packet in the system, which is an efficient tool for studying rogue waves in space plasmas. Different plasma parameters are examined on the propagating waves in Titan’s ionosphere.
Semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states
Authors: Shi Guo-Fang
Published: October 2023

Quantum dialogue enables two communicators to send their own secret information to each other, but most of the current quantum dialogue protocols have high requirements for the hardware equipment and capabilities of the communicators. In order to reduce the cost of participant, a semi-quantum dialogue scheme based on hyperentangled Bell states is studied in this paper. In our protocol, we combines the idea of semi-quantum key distribution and semi-quantum secure direct communication to realize the exchange of secret information between Alice and Bob, Alice’s information is transmitted to Bob through semi-quantum secure direct communication, while Bob’s message is extracted by Alice through semi-quantum key distribution and one-time pad encryption. This is different from the previous semi-quantum dialogue protocols, and is a new way of thinking. The security analysis shows that our protocol can not only resist the conventional attack strategies, but also has not the drawback of ‘information leakage’ problem. Compared with the existing semi-quantum dialogue protocols, it has some advantages, such as high communication efficiency, saving classical participant’s consumption and security. Although this protocol requires the preparation and analysis of hyperentangled Bell state, which are slightly more complex, it will be shown that all these are achievable by current technology. Our protocol is fully implementable, so it has good application prospects.
Small-scale Kazantsev-Kraichnan dynamo in a MHD shell approach
Authors: Abushzada I , Yushkov E , Frick P , Sokoloff D
Published: October 2023

The small-scale magnetic energy generation in a turbulent velocity field is studied by two different approaches. One of them is based on the Kazantsev-Kraichnan model developed for turbulence with short-time velocity correlations, and the other uses the shell model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, describing the turbulent energy cascade on a finite number of spectral shells. We have found that the injection of weak magnetic field at the initial moment in both models leads to an exponential growth of magnetic energy and tried to determine whether these effects are of the same or different nature. The investigations have shown that the rates of growths and magnetic energy spectra in two approaches can be very much different, which can be attributed to the contradictions of the model assumptions and unknown correlation time. The discussion of these contradictions allows us to formulate a possible explanation, which is likely related to the fact that the small-scale magnetic field generation is under the influence of some spectral subrange, rather than the entire kinetic spectrum. Varying the correlation time of the velocity field and considering the spectral regions, we have determined the range of kinetic energy spectrum responsible for the small-scale dynamo generation.
Effect of modified gravity on the Hawking evaporation of charged AdS black holes
Authors: Chaudhary Shahid , Abbas Zaidi Syed Najaf , Rehman Atiq ur , Sultan Muhammad Danish , Ifseisi Ahmad A , Dunnill Charles W
Published: October 2023

We study the impact of rainbow and Einstein bumblebee modified theories of gravity on the Hawking evaporation process of the black holes. After evaluating the basic thermodynamical quantities, we find out impact parameter b = (angular momentum )/(energy of the emitted particles), which control the emission of the particles and the photon orbit of the black hole in modified theories of gravity. We utilize the well-known Stefan-Boltzmann law to obtain the relationship of black hole massMagainst its lifetimet. The numerical results of black hole mass versus lifetimetshow that initially the mass of black hole in modified gravity decreases rapidly and later evaporation process becomes slower when temperature reduces to zero. The black hole requires huge time to fully evaporate which is consistent result with 3rd law of thermodynamics for black holes. We observe that increasing values of AdS lengthlincreases evaporation time and increasing value of rainbow parameterηresults in slowing down the evaporation process. Moreover, we analyze that uncharged black holes evaporate quickly as compared to charged black hole and black hole in higher dimensions required huge time to fully evaporate as compared to black hole in small dimensions.
Geodesics of multivariate normal distributions and a Toda lattice type Lax pair
Authors: Kobayashi Shimpei
Published: October 2023

We study geodesics of multivariate normal distributions with respect to the Fisher metric. First it will be shown that a computational formula for geodesics can be understood using the block Cholesky decomposition and a natural Riemannian submersion. Next a mid point algorithm for geodesics will be obtained. And finally a new Toda lattice type Lax pair will be derived from the geodesic and the block Cholesky decomposition.
Insight into the crystalline structure, morphology, luminescence, and electrical conductivity of ZnAl2O4:xMn2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol%) nanostructures
Authors: Goswami Bindiya , Rani Gita , Ahlawat Rachna
Published: October 2023

The ZnAl2O4: xMn2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol%) spinel nanostructures were prepared by citrate sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to acquire pure spinel structure while the nano crystallinity was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of annealed powder samples. The prominent shift in diffraction angle has been noticed in doped samples. The nanocrystalline size was calculated in the range of 25–30 nm and Williamson Hall diagram was used to assess the micro stresses present in the samples. FTIR revealed the corresponding functional groups and emphasized the characteristic compositional bonds of normal spine structure. The data of UV–visible spectroscopy manifests that ultraviolet absorption and bandgap energies attain remarkably lower values in the doped samples. The green luminescence is obtained at 519 nm via direct excitation of Mn2+ energy level which is controlled by the concentration of dopant as well as nanocrystallite size. The electrical characterization inferred the enhanced conductivity of the doped sample in which Mn2+ ions act as donor of electrons. The modified physical and optical properties of ZnAl2O4 after doping strengthen the useability of prepared metal aluminates in the optoelectronic devices of the semiconductor industry.
Computational study of Be, Mg and Ca decorated Si12B12 nanocages with proficient nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Yaqoob Junaid , Khan Muhammad Usman , Alshehri Saad M , Ali Sajid
Published: October 2023

Scientists have paid much attention to nanoscale nonlinear optical (NLO) materials in recent decades due to their promising applications in telecommunications, electronics, and optics. Here, we endeavored to design alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, and Ca) doped Si12B12 nanocage to meet the rapidly widening requirement for NLO materials. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) assisted computational tools are utilized to explore the impact of alkaline earth metals doping on the NLO response of Si12B12 nanocage to reveal a unique method for developing NLO materials. Theoretically, ten new isomers of alkaline earth metals doped Si12B12 nanocages are designed. The computational findings demonstrated that the doped isomers of Si12B12 nanocage have significant thermodynamic stabilities, with the highest binding energy of −74.15 kcal mol

−1. The E

H-L
gap is excellently declined upon Be, Mg, and Ca doping and the lowermost E

H-L
gap is found at 0.92 eV. Calculations using TD-DFT revealed that isomers of the Si12B12 nanocage are transparent in the ultraviolet (UV) region. Confirmation of charge transfer and participation of different segments is explored by natural bond orbital (NBO) and total density of state (TDOS) as well as partial density of state (PDOS) analysis respectively. The types of interactions are investigated using non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. The isomer SiB-XV of Ca doped Si12B12 nanocage exhibits the eye-catching static first hyperpolarizability value of 4.71×104
au. Overall findings conclusively confirm that alkaline earth metals doped isomers of Si12B12 nanocage are potential contenders for nanoscale NLO materials because they have excellent stability and boosted NLO response. This research will cover the approach for the fabricating of large NLO response materials for innovative NLO applications.
Terahertz to near infrared radiation generation using two-colour counter and co-polarized laser pulses propagating in homogeneous plasma
Authors: Mishra Dinkar , Singh Saumya , Kumar Bhupesh , Jha Pallavi
Published: October 2023

This study deals with the generation of terahertz (THz) to near infrared (NIR) radiation fields using two-colour linearly polarized copropagating laser pulses having either counter or co-polarization state. The frequency difference between the two laser pulses is considered to be integral multiple of the plasma frequency. Perturbation technique and quasistatic approximation have been used to obtain radiation field equations. Analytical and two-dimensional particle in cell simulation studies of the proposed configuration show that the transverse and axial plasma electron velocities arising due to nonlinear coupling of the two pulses are responsible for generation of off-axis linearly polarized radiation fields which propagate through plasma into vacuum. The frequency of generated radiation is ∼40 THz (∼60 THz), when the frequency difference of the laser pulses is two (three) times the plasma frequency. Analytical results are validated using VSim particle in cell simulation code.
Low-velocity impact behaviors of sandwich composites with different structural configurations of foam core: numerical study and experimental validation
Authors: Yalkın Hüseyin Erdem , Karakuzu Ramazan , Alpyıldız Tuba
Published: October 2023

Sandwich composites have very weak properties as well as superior properties. Damages will be invisible and may create huge problems due to the high strength difference of composite components. To investigate sandwich composites, numerical studies’ importance is so high because experimental studies require high labor and are time-consuming. In this study, low-velocity impact properties of the configurations of sandwich composites with E-glass fiber/epoxy and PVC foam core are investigated numerically, and the results are compared with experimental results. Reference sandwich composite, and four different types of configurations are modeled with homogenized properties. Numerical simulations are performed using the material models of rigid impactor, foam core, and composite material models of LS-DYNA software. Numerical and experimental results of these sandwich composites are compared in terms of contact force-time and contact force-displacement curves, core/facesheet debonding areas, peak contact forces, absorbed energy, maximum displacement, and contact time; a good agreement is obtained.
All-coupling solution for the continuous polaron problem in the Schrödinger representation
Authors: Feranchuk I D , San N Q , Skoromnik O D
Published: October 2023

The solution for the large-radius Fröhlich polaron in the Schrödinger representation of the quantum theory is constructed in the entire range of variation of the coupling constant. The energy and the effective mass of the polaron are calculated by simple algebraic transformations and are analogous to the results found by Feynman on the basis of the variational principle for the path-integrals of this system. It allows us to solve the long-lived problem of the inequalities of the functional and operator approaches for the polaron problem.The developed method is important for other models of particle-field interaction including those ones for which the standard perturbation theory is divergent.
Energy condition of wormhole and thin shell by assuming conformal symmetry in teleparallel-Rastall gravity
Authors: Nazavari N , Saaidi Kh
Published: October 2023

The static spherically symmetric wormhole solution for a non-isotropic perfect fluid energy-momentum tensor within the context of teleparallel-Rastall gravity is investigated. First, by imposing static and non-static conformal symmetry on the static spherically symmetric space-time metric, we investigated the null energy condition at the throat of traversable wormholes and showed that the null energy condition in the throat and its neighborhood is violated. Secondly, with the aim of minimize the usage of exotic matter, we found regions where the energy conditions are valid at the junction surface. We found that in the static case of conformal symmetry solution, the null energy condition (NEC), weak energy condition (WEC), and Strong energy condition (SEC) are valid for different λ
0 parameters. Moreover, we obtained that for the non-static symmetric solution of conformal symmetry, the NEC and WEC are satisfied for different sets of

(
k
,

λ

0

˜

)

parameters. Finally, we have explored the stable regions by the parameter η
2 (square speed of sound) for different sets of

(
k
,

λ

0

˜

)

parameters.
Is cosmic birefringence model-dependent?
Authors: Yin Lu , Kochappan Joby , Ghosh Tuhin , Lee Bum-Hoon
Published: October 2023

Exciting clues to isotropic cosmic birefringence have recently been detected in the EB
cross-power spectra of the polarization data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Early Dark
Energy (EDE) models with a pseudoscalar field coupled to photons via a Chern-Simons term can be
used to explain this phenomenon, and can also potentially be used to simultaneously resolve the
H
0 tension. In this work we incorporate an early dark energy scalar field, including a
Chern-Simons coupling, into an existing Boltzmann solver and numerically recover the EB
cross-power spectrum for two models in the literature; the α-attractor, and the Rock `n'
Roll field. We find that both the models fit the EB spectra, and the EB spectra alone do not
possess sufficient constraining power to distinguish the two models based on current data.
Where shadows lie: reconstruction of anisotropies in the neutrino sky
Authors: Elbers Willem , Frenk Carlos S. , Jenkins Adrian , Li Baojiu , Pascoli Silvia , Jasche Jens , Lavaux Guilhem , Springel Volker
Published: October 2023

The Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) encodes a wealth of information, but has not yet been observed directly. To determine the prospects of detection and to study its information content, we reconstruct the phase-space distribution of local relic neutrinos from the three-dimensional distribution of matter within 200h-1Mpc of the Milky Way. Our analysis relies on constrained realization simulations and forward modelling of the2M++galaxy catalogue. We find that the angular distribution of neutrinos is anti-correlated with the projected matter density, due to the capture and deflection of neutrinos by massive structures along the line of sight. Of relevance to tritium capture experiments, we find that the gravitational clustering effect of the large-scale structure on the local number density of neutrinos is more important than that of the Milky Way for neutrino masses less than 0.1 eV. Nevertheless, we predict that the density of relic neutrinos is close to the cosmic average, with a suppression or enhancement over the mean of (-0.3%, +7%, +27%) for masses of (0.01, 0.05, 0.1) eV. This implies no more than a marginal increase in the event rate for tritium capture experiments like PTOLEMY. We also predict that the CNB and CMB rest frames coincide for 0.01 eV neutrinos, but that neutrino velocities are significantly perturbed for masses larger than 0.05 eV. Regardless of mass, we find that the angle between the neutrino dipole and the ecliptic plane is small, implying a near-maximal annual modulation in the bulk velocity. Along with this paper, we publicly release our simulation data, comprising more than 100 simulations for six different neutrino masses.
Novel CMB constraints on the α parameter in alpha-attractor models
Authors: Iacconi Laura , Fasiello Matteo , Väliviita Jussi , Wands David
Published: October 2023

Cosmological α-attractors are a compelling class of inflationary models. They lead
to universal predictions for large-scale observables, broadly independent from the functional form
of the inflaton potential. In this work we derive improved analytical predictions for the
large-scale observables, whose dependence on the duration of reheating and the parameter α
is made explicit. We compare these with Planck and BICEP/Keck 2018 data in the framework
of a Bayesian study, employing uniform logarithmic and linear priors for α. Our improved
universal predictions allow direct constraints on the duration of reheating. Furthermore, while it
is well-known that CMB constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio can be used to place an upper
bound on the α parameter, we demonstrate that including the α-dependence of the
scalar spectral tilt yields novel constraints on α. In particular, for small α, the
scalar spectral tilt scales with log10
α, regardless of the specific potential
shape. For decreasing α, this eventually puts the models in tension with CMB measurements,
bounding the magnitude of α from below. Therefore, in addition to the upper bound from the
tensor-to-scalar ratio, we derive the first lower bound on the magnitude of α for
α-attractor T-models, log10
α = -4.2+5.4
-8.6 at 95% C.L.
DualSort: online spike sorting with a running neural network
Authors: Meyer L M , Samann F , Schanze T
Published: October 2023

Objective. Spike sorting, i.e. the detection and separation of measured action potentials from different extracellularly recorded neurons, remains one of the bottlenecks in deciphering the brain. In recent years, the application of neural networks (NNs) for spike sorting has garnered significant attention. Most methods focus on specific sub-problems within the conventional spike sorting pipeline, such as spike detection or feature extraction, and attempt to solve them with complex network architectures. This paper presents DualSort, a simple NN that gets combined with downstream post-processing for real-time spike sorting. It shows high efficiency, low complexity, and requires a comparatively small amount of human interaction. Approach. Synthetic and experimentally obtained extracellular single-channel recordings were utilized to train and evaluate the proposed NN. For training, spike waveforms were labeled with respect to their associated neuron and position in the signal, allowing the detection and categorization of spikes in unison. DualSort classifies a single spike multiple times in succession, as it runs over the signal in a step-by-step manner and uses a post-processing algorithm that transmits the network output into spike trains. Main results. With the used datasets, DualSort was able to detect and distinguish different spike waveforms and separate them from background activity. The post-processing algorithm significantly strengthened the overall performance of the model, making the system more robust as a whole. Although DualSort is an end-to-end solution that efficiently transforms filtered signals into spike trains, it competes with contemporary state-of-the-art technologies that exclusively target single sub-problems in the conventional spike sorting pipeline. Significance. This work demonstrates that even under high noise levels, complex NNs are not necessary by any means to achieve high performance in spike detection and sorting. The utilization of data augmentation on a limited quantity of spikes could substantially decrease hand-labeling compared to other studies. Furthermore, the proposed framework can be utilized without human interaction when combined with an unsupervised technique that provides pseudo labels for DualSort. Due to the low complexity of our network, it works efficiently and enables real-time processing on basic hardware. The proposed approach is not limited to spike sorting, as it may also be used to process different signals, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), which needs to be investigated in future research.
A new approach for CAD modelling of resonant frequency of microstrip antenna using multigene genetic programming
Authors: Naik Deepak K , Pani Subhagya , Sahu Amit K , Panda Dhruba C
Published: October 2023

This paper develops a formula for the resonant frequency of microstrip antenna (MSA) using multigene genetic programming (MGGP). As proof of concept, it considers rectangular and circular MSAs. Then it applies the technique to annular ring and C-shaped MSAs. Compared with simulated and earlier reported results, the root mean square error remains below 0.2% in each case.
Recent Trends on MOSFET based Cascode Current Mirrors: An Analytical Survey
Authors: Suman Shruti , Saini Harshita
Published: October 2023

To produce copy of current flowing through active devices, from one end to other end of the circuit, current mirrors (CM) are used irrespective of loading effect. It’s indispensable part of an analog and mixed signal system including wide range of applications. In this paper various cascode current mirror circuits such as, an ultra-high compliance current mirror with low power consumption, a CM with extensive swing, a self-biased CM, and quasi-floating CM circuits are analyzed which includes: speed, power, input and output resistance, bandwidth etc. The comparison shows that ultra-high compliance cascode current mirror utilizes low voltage with relatively high frequency response and consumes less power while super cascode configuration is a good choice to obtain high output impedance for better performance, whereas quasi-floating gate MOS current mirror with resistive compensation can be used to enhance the circuit bandwidth. The various circuits are designed at 250 nm, 180 nm, and 130 nm CMOS technologies for justification of performance.
Snipped Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for ISM Band and Wi-MAX Applications
Authors: Anandhan C , Nivedaa Ga , Vijay M , Ramasubramanian B. , Kumar Phani , Sivaranjani K.
Published: October 2023

The work suggests a snipped shaped patch antenna design and its analysis which will work in the microwave frequency in the low spectrum. Here the patch is introduced which is made up of denim cotton material. This type of antenna is relatively new device used for medical applications. This antenna is light in weight, compact in size, and inexpensive. This antenna resonates at 1.18 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 3.1 GHz, and 7.9 GHz to 10.6 GHz. As a result, it is used in Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band and Wi-MAX applications. There are different types of patch antenna here a microstrip is used as wearable antenna. As a result, the patient’s condition can be diagnosed by using this antenna after studying the radiation pattern, return loss. Ansoft HFSS can be used to emulate them.
Stepped Impedance feed reconfigurable slotted elliptical patch antenna with partial ground for wireless applications.
Authors: Lakshmi P Sree , Deepak A , Muthuvel Suresh Kumar , Amarnatha Sarma Ch
Published: October 2023

An elliptical patch antenna (EPA) is very useful micro strip patch antenna structure in wireless communications. It has less polarization and feeding problems. In this work, stepped impedance feed reconfigurable slotted elliptical patch antenna (SRSEPA) is proposed and the multi band radiation is achieved using dual resonators and dual PIN diodes. The switching of diodes made four modes of operation that allow multiple bands of operation. Mode 0,3 are triple and Mode 1,2 are dual and operations with different band widths. These different band width wireless communications that include ISM band and Ku and applications the partial ground made the antenna radiate with dipole radiation patters. The patch is printed on 0.8 mm thickness and 30 X 40 mm2 sized FR4 substrate with 4.2 substrate relative constant and 0.02 loss tangent. In this multiple slots are provided multiple bands and stepped impedance feeding technique is used. The antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS tool
Geometric formulations on wireless sensors based spatial protocol for intrusion detection using factor graphs
Authors: Sureshkumar K , Vimala P
Published: October 2023

Restriction on intrusions is one of the foremost aspects of security to conserve the resources in a wireless network. The perimeter of the shadowing zone where in sensing and connectivity are simultaneously changing had to be estimated to prevent intruders. So the proposed work estimates a relationship between the data transmissions and computational time to find the trust factor of channels using factor graphs. Subsequently, estimating the Value of Information (VoI), contention time, and topological significance based on sensing power to alleviate blind spots had been observed to identify intrusions. Factor graph-based routing scenarios capable of handling channel uncertainties in time-triggered wireless sensor communication are indicated with edges and their factors. The process of local interactions with edges provides inference of intrusions to determine global solutions to preserve the network and its data transfer.
Design of Low-Drop-Out Voltage Regulator using CMOS Technology for Microprocessor Applications
Authors: Kusumanchi TPS Kumar , Ernest Ravindran R S , Jaya Sankar Krishna K , Faruq Hussain B. , Divyasree P. , Sujatha M.
Published: October 2023

The demand for electronic devices has increased due to continuous change in technology and its parameters. Low-Drop-Out [LDO] voltage regulator is utilised for power management and avoids unstable voltage in many electronicapplications.In this present investigation, a comprehensive characterization of a LDO in Complementary metal oxide semi-conductor technology [CMOS] is simulated using mentor graphics tool. The error amplifier of the low-drop-out voltage employed using 7 transistors for current mirroring technique. To manage the voltage differential, a pass transistor is created in a similar way utilising PMOS. Resistors and capacitors are passive components used in feedback network circuits and to reduce output voltage volatility, respectively. The suggested circuit achieves 140 mV of dropout voltage with a constant voltage of 1.6 V with a supply voltage range of 2 to 4.2 V and 4.16 mW of power consumption..
Evaluation and Comparison of Power Spectral Density for GPS Signals using UTC and NMC Parameters
Authors: Kiran S S , Revathi R. , Ramesh K. S.
Published: October 2023

GPS Signals (L1 C/A, L2 & L5) are widely used for accurate location determination and appropriate navigation with the support of GPS Receivers data. This paper provides generation of GPS Legacy Navigation data, evaluation of Power Spectral Density (PSD) of L1 C/A, L2 & L5 signals using frame structure, obtained the autocorrelation of GPS C/A (Coarse Acquisition) – Code & Precision Code and PSD of complex Baseband GPS Signal. With the help of the received signal, create a Navigational System Based GPS (NSBG). Various parameters like a clock, “Universal-Time-Coordinated”-(UTC), ionosphere, and – “Navigation-Message-Correction”-(NMC) are necessary to test the receiver side. The proposed work is obtain the evaluation of Power Spectral Density (PSD) for complex Baseband GPS Signals like L1 C/A, L2 & L5 using frame structure and the autocorrelation of GPS C/A (Coarse Acquisition) – Code & Precision Code.
Approximating the pareto fronts for synthesis of planar antenna array using binary cat swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Vankayalapati Sahiti , Pappula Lakshman , Kumar KTPS , rao K. Narayana , Raju K. Hemanth Kumar , Vinay V. Sai
Published: October 2023

Various performance indices like peak sidelobe level (PSLL), first null beamwidth (FNBW) and count of elements contrast to each other while designing an antenna array. A swarm-based intelligence mechanism has been discussed here for optimizing these performance indices. In particular, a pareto front is approximated for bringing out the best compromised array performance having low PSLL with narrow FNBW while maintaining a smaller number of antenna elements. A thinned planar antenna array of 20×10 was synthesized using multi-objective modified binary cat swarm optimization (MO-BCSO) algorithm to obtain the optimal positions of the array elements. The indicated technique is most appropriate for the synthesis of large antenna arrays.
A Highly Wearable Single-electrode Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator Made of Flexible Polyvinylidene Fluoride Transparent Film for Muscular Motion Monitoring
Authors: Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Arunmetha S. , Srither S. R. , Babu Patcha Satya Srinivasa , Hajra Sugato , Dudem Bhaskar
Published: October 2023

The present study reports the design and fabrication of a single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENGs) which can overcome the drawbacks present in the conventional triboelectric nanogenerator which works on two electrodes and two dielectric layers. The proposed concept eliminates the dual electrodes thereby reducing the complexity of the device and the higher fabrication cost enabling the device to be used for extended applications. The fabricated TENG device uses Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the active material that is capable to generate the electrical response upon contact with the human skin when the device was worn on the skin. The device generates the highest electrical output of ~ 50 V and a current of ~ 600 nA under a 1 Hz operating frequency. The device also shows good stability and durability by powering continuously for 300 s without any interruption in its electrical output response. The device shows its applicability in utilizing it powering low-power electronic devices, bio-mechanical energy scavenging upon actuated by hand and foot tapping, as well as demonstrated for the self-powered muscular monitoring system. The study greatly expands the opportunity of using TENGs for applications in the field of healthcare, bio-medical, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Determination of water availability and long growth period of maize plant in Boalemo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdin  , Rauf A , Rahim Y , Musa N , Zakaria F , Dude S , Rahman R , Malatani A S , Mooduto R , Mobilingo S , Suryadi
Published: October 2023

The lack of water availability and the short period of maize growth has the potential to be the main obstacles to achieving optimal production. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the water availability and long growth period (LGP) of maize plants in Boalemo Regency, which was included in the agrokilmat zone E2. Rainfall and temperature data from Saritani, Tangkobu, and Bubaa climate stations in Boalemo Regency were used over ten years, from 2012 to 2022. The soil profile moisture content data used pF 2.5 and pF 4.2 while the tool used Cropwat8.0. Furthermore, the determination of available water and LGP was conducted using a water balance table with the Thornwaite method. The results showed that the highest and lowest water availabilities were 556 mm and 118 mm at the Saritani and Tangkobu climate stations, with a maximum LGP of maize at 242 days and 181 days, respectively. Based on climate stations, the availability of water and the amount of LGP follow the pattern of Saritani climate station > Bubaa climate station > Tangkobu climate station.
SPAD Total Chlorophyll as an Initial Indicator of the Effect of 2,4-D Dimethyl Amine Herbicide for Lowland Rice and Barnyardgrass Weed
Authors: Alridiwirsah  , Tampubolon K , Basyuni M , Mustamu N E
Published: October 2023

Barnyardgrass populations (Echinochloa crus-galli) can inhibit the growth and yield of lowland rice. The use of herbicides as an alternative control can affect the growth of lowland rice, especially the total chlorophyll content. This study was to obtain initial information on the effect of the 2,4-D dimethyl amine herbicide by detecting the total chlorophyll of lowland rice and barnyardgrass. A completely randomized block design with a non-factorial was selected in this study. 40 populations of barnyardgrass from Serdang Bedagai District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and a population for comparison were sprayed with the herbicide 2,4-D dimethyl amine at a dose of 1,080 g ai ha−1 with three replications. This study was conducted from August to October 2022 and the parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as well as followed by the Duncan test at P<0.05. The findings showed that the effect of the 2,4-D dimethyl amine herbicide was safe by 70.73 % for lowland rice. There was a significant decrease in the total chlorophyll of barnyardgrass exposed to the 2,4-D dimethyl amine. A decrease in the total chlorophyll can be used as initial information to indicate the effect of the 2,4-D dimethyl amine.
Seed morphology and germination of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia)
Authors: Susilowati A , Rachmat H H , Yulita K S , Ginting I M , Iswanto A H , Sucipto T
Published: October 2023

Eurycoma longifolia is a traditional medicine plant with numerous bioactive components. Because of its medicinal properties, particularly its aphrodisiac properties, pasak bumi has seen a tremendous increase in demand and is now threatened with extinction in the wild. As a result, species must be protected as soon as possible through propagation techniques. The research was conducted to determine the success of pasak bumi propagation using various media combinations. In this study, 360 pasak bumi seeds were sown in four different germination media: pure sand (M1), a 1:1 v/v soil and sand mixture (M2), a 1:1 v/v sand and rice husk mixture (M3), and a 1:1 v/v sand and compost mixture (M4). Seedlings were weaned at 8 weeks of age using three different media treatments: soil and carbonized rice husk 1:1 (M1), pure carbonized rice husk (M2), and a mixture of sand and soil 1:1 v/v (M3). To analyze the data, a non-factorial completely randomized design was used. The results showed that a combination of sand and soil media resulted in the highest average percentage of germination (34%). The variance results revealed that the planting medium had no significant effect on shoot growth but did affect the number and length of roots. The pure carbonized rice husk medium produces the best growth parameters.
Potential soil degradation of paddy fields through observation approaches from various sources of environmental diversity
Authors: Romadhon M R , Mujiyo M , Cahyono O , Maro’ah S , Istiqomah N M , Irmawati V
Published: October 2023

Soil is classified as a vital and non-renewable natural resource for food production. We also could produce good-quality, healthy, and nutritious food through healthy soil. Good quality soil was rare to find. Typically, land used for food crop cultivation is regarded as having substantially degraded soil, characterized by a low proportion of soil macro primer nutrients and organic C content. This study aimed to determine the soil degradation of paddy field through environmental diversity that occur on the field. This research result showed that conventional paddy field cultivation is classified as degraded soil. Moreover, organic paddy field cultivation was classified as low degraded soil. After classifying the soil, proceed challenges of recommendations have been formulated this research aims. Monitoring the soil degradation level is necessary to set some recommendations for cultivation to prevent the ongoing degradation of rice fields and threaten food security. This research will produce a guideline and a body of literature highlighting the necessity of monitoring soil degradation levels and identifying limiting variables so that a paddy soil management strategy based on soil health can be adopted to sustain food security.
Effect of giving biochar and chicken manure compost enriched with phosphate solubilizing fungi to the growth and production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Andisol soil
Authors: Sembiring M , Hibatullah F H
Published: October 2023

Phosphorus is considered a primary nutrient for plant growth and is needed to sustain optimum plant production and quality. This research aims to determine the effect of giving oil palm shell biochar and chicken manure compost enriched with phosphate solubilizing fungi on the growth of potato in Andisol soil. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biology, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 Treatment Factors and 3 replications. First factor is oil palm shell biochar, namely; control, 210 g/plant, 315 g/plant, 420 g/plant. The second factor is chicken manure compost enriched with phosphate solubilizing fungi, namely; control, 25 g/plant, 50 g/plant, 75 g/plant. The interaction of oil palm shell biochar and chicken manure compost enriched with phosphate solubilizing fungi increased plant height, number of leaf stalks, number of tubers per plant, and tuber weight per plant.
Phytochemical Screening and DPPH Assay of Talas Padang (Colocasia gigantea) Ethanol Leaf Extract
Authors: Widyawati T , Sari D K , Sumantri I B , Mustanti L F , Yusoff N A
Published: October 2023

The leaf stalk of Talas padang (Colocasia gigantea) is used as a vegetable in parts of Southeast Asia. It leaves has been reported as one of potential natural sources to treat diabetes mellitus, hypertension, immune disease, and cancer. This study aims to determine phytochemical screening and 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test of C. gigantea leaf simplicial and extract. The study was carried out extraction by maceration method using ethanol (96%) followed by phytochemical screening and DPPH test. Both of simplicial and extract contained of alkaloids, glycoside, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/terpenoids. extract showed weak antioxidant activity as indicated by the assay DPPH value of 143.29 ppm.