bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Altered Topological Efficiency of Structural Networks in Type‐2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Xiong Ying , Tian Tian , Fan Yang , Yang Shaolin , Xiong Xiaoxiao , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Wenzhen
Published: August 2021

Background

Some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progress towards mild cognitive impairment (MCI), while some patients can always maintain normal cognitive function. Network topologic alterations at global and nodal levels between T2DM individuals with and without cognitive impairment may underlie the difference.

Purpose

To investigate the topological alterations of the whole‐brain white matter (WM) structural connectome in T2DM patients with and without MCI and characterize its relationship with disease severity.

Study Type

Cross‐sectional and prospective study.

Subjects

Forty‐four (63.6% females) T2DM patients, 22 with mild cognitive impairment (DM‐MCI) and 22 with normal cognition (DM‐NC), and 34 (58.8% females) healthy controls (HC).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/diffusion tensor imaging.

Assessment

Graph theoretical analysis was used to investigate the topological organization of the structural networks. The global topological properties and nodal efficiency were investigated and compared. Relationship between network metrics and clinical measurements was characterized.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test, chi‐square test, ANOVA, partial correlation analyses, and multiple comparisons correction.

Results

The global topological organization of WM networks was significantly disrupted in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment (reduced global and local efficiency and increased shortest path length) but not in those with normal cognition, compared with controls. The DM‐MCI group had significantly decreased network efficiency compared with the DM‐NC group. Compared with controls, decreased nodal efficiency was detected in three regions in DM‐NC group. More regions with decreased nodal efficiency were found in the DM‐MCI group. Altered global network properties and nodal efficiency of some regions were correlated with diabetic duration, HbA1c levels, and cognitive assessment scores.

Data Conclusion

The more disrupted WM connections and weaker organized network are found in DM‐MCI patients relative to DM‐NC patients and controls. Network analyses provide information for the neuropathology of cognitive decline in T2DM patients. Altered nodal efficiency may act as potential markers for early detection of T2DM‐related MCI.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Self‐compassion in organizations: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Dodson Samantha J. , Heng Yu Tse
Published: August 2021

Burgeoning organizational research has begun to explore how self‐compassion or the compassion individuals give to themselves in times of suffering may positively contribute to organizational outcomes. This review describes self‐compassion and its theoretical underpinnings in a workplace context, systematically reviews the current empirical literature on self‐compassion using samples of working adults, critically analyzes the current state of the literature, and provides recommendations for robust future research. In the process, we offer a dynamic, process‐based conceptualization of self‐compassion that aligns past research with current directions in organizational compassion and several suggestions for using a processual approach to improve theoretical and empirical rigor. We also guide future scholarly work surrounding self‐compassion in organizations by highlighting fundamental research questions that could advance our theoretical understanding of self‐compassion in organizational contexts.
Analytical database of Martian minerals (ADaMM): Project synopsis and Raman data overview
Authors: Veneranda Marco , Sanz‐Arranz Aurelio , Manrique Jose Antonio , Saiz Jesus , Garcia‐Prieto Clara , Pascual‐Sánchez Elena , Medina Jesus , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Lalla Emmanuel , Moral Andoni , Nieto Luis Miguel , Rull Fernando , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo
Published: August 2021

The Mars2020/Perseverance and ExoMars/Rosalind Franklin rovers are both slated to return the first Raman spectra ever collected from another planetary surface, Mars. In order to optimize the rovers scientific outcome, the scientific community needs to be provided with tailored tools for data treatment and interpretation. Responding to this need, the purpose of the Analytical Database of Martian Minerals (ADaMM) project is to build an extended multianalytical database of mineral phases that have been detected on Mars or are expected to be found at the landing sites where the two rovers will operate. Besides the use of conventional spectrometers, the main objective of the ADaMM database is to provide access to data collected by means of laboratory prototypes simulating the analytical performances of the spectroscopic systems onboard the Mars 2020 and ExoMars rovers. Planned to be released to the public in 2022, ADaMM will also provide access to data treatment and visualization tools developed in the framework of the mentioned space exploration missions. As such, the present work seeks to provide an overview of the ADaMM online platform, spectral tools, and mineral collection. In addition to that, the manuscript describes the Raman spectrometers used to analyze the mineral collection and presents a representative example of the analytical performance ensured by the Raman prototypes assembled to simulate the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) and SuperCam systems.
Identification and characterization of basic copper sulfates as mineral green pigments in Andean colonial mural paintings: Use of temperature‐controlled stage for the study of thermal induced antlerite degradation
Authors: Tomasini Eugenia P. , Costantini Ilaria , Rúa Landa Carlos , Guzmán Fernando , Pereira Magdalena , Castro Kepa , Siracusano Gabriela , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Maier Marta S.
Published: August 2021

This work describes the characterization of green pigments in wall paintings from the Andean churches of San José de Soracachi and Santiago de Callapa in Bolivia, located on an ancient colonial commercial route known as the Silver Route. To approach our goal, microsamples extracted from the mural paintings and mineral samples, from a mine of the same area, were studied by using micro‐Raman spectroscopy complemented with micro‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐EDXRF) and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analysis. The use of gypsum as the preparation layer was detected, and it suggestsa seccopainting technique. Antlerite, a basic copper sulfate, was identified suggesting a preference for its use as green pigment in the mural paintings of Andean churches that may be related to the local availability of this mineral. Indeed, this study revealed the presence of heterogeneous particles of the basic copper sulfate together with aluminosilicates, quartz and iron oxides among others, which points to a mineral origin of the green pigment because the same compounds were found in the samples taken in the mine. Because a phase transition has been noticed during the Raman analyses, due to a high power of the laser radiation, some tests have been carried out, varying the laser power, and coupling the Raman spectrometer to a temperature‐controlled stage to verify under which conditions the degradation of the mineral sample of antlerite occurs allowing in this way a correct characterization of basic copper sulfate pigments. These results contribute to the study of the Andean colonial artistic cultural heritage, and this information will be made available for the construction of a database of local pigments of mineral origin used in Andean colonial art.
Method validation and residue analysis of methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone in Chinese broccoli under field conditions by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bi Yingying , Yao Wei , Han Lijun , Qiao Chengkui , Song Shuangyu , Qin Fayi , Dong Qin , Hao Xianghong , Xu Yanjun
Published: August 2021

Methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone are insecticides used on Chinese broccoli to prevent insects and increase yield. However, the residues are potentially harmful to the environment and consumers. In this study, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe method with high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was modified and validated for determination of methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone in Chinese broccoli. The clean‐up efficiency of different sorbents including C18, primary secondary amine, graphitized carbon black, and carbon nanofiber was compared. Recoveries of the validated method were 71.8–94.6% with relative standard deviations of 1.5–3.2% and the limits of quantification were 0.01 and 0.005 mg/kg for methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone, respectively. A storage stability test showed almost no degradation of methoxyfenozide in Chinese broccoli, however, the degradation rate of metaflumizone was 22.9% after 10‐wk storage at –20°C. In field trials in four producing regions, the dissipation of both methoxyfenozide and metaflumizone in Chinese broccoli was fast, with half‐lives of only 1.0–5.1 and 0.7–2.5 days, respectively. Terminal residues after application of the two pesticides were all below 1.0 mg/kg after 5 days.
Echocardiographic Characteristics and Contrast‐Enhanced Imaging of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis With Intracardiac Extension
Authors: Ma Hui , Niu Yicui , Yang Zihao , Zheng Minjuan
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign but biologically aggressive tumor. This study aimed to summarize the echocardiography and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEU) characteristics of IVL to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Methods

Fourteen IVL patients with uterus leiomyoma history (female, 46.4 ± 5.6 years) were enrolled in this study from March 2008 to December 2020 in our hospital. Preoperative imaging examination data were collected, including echocardiography computed tomography data; six patients also underwent CEU. All patients underwent successful resection, confirmed by histopathology.

Results

Echocardiographic characteristics: The mean sizes of intracardiac parts of IVL tumors were 54.0 ± 17.9 mm (length) and 24.6 ± 9.8 mm (width). IVL tumors exhibited two echocardiography types: isoechoic solid mass (71.4%, 10/14) and anechoic cystic conduits (28.6%, 4/14), with enlargements of the right atrium (57.1%,8/14), right ventricle (1 patient, 7.1%), and inferior vena cava (57.1%, 8/14). About 21.4% of the patients (3/14) had right ventricular dysfunction. Right heart obstruction was observed in 42.8% (6/14) of the patients. CEU characteristics: the solid mass type exhibited an earlier perfusion and lower perfusion intensity than the conduits type. CEU was helpful in determining origins and pathways: from the internal iliac vein (pathway I, 71.4%), from the ovarian vein (pathway II, 14.3%), or both (14.3%). The echocardiographic appearances of the 14 cases were consistent with the features of the resection specimens.

Conclusion

Combined echocardiography and CEU can provide a more valuable information for the diagnosis of IVL and essential basis for treatment.
Hyperspectral optical absorption closure experiment in complex coastal waters
Authors: Kostakis Ina , Twardowski Michael , Roesler Collin , Röttgers Rüdiger , Stramski Dariusz , McKee David , Tonizzo Alberto , Drapeau Susan
Published: August 2021

Accurate measurements of absorption data are required for the development and validation of inversion algorithms for upcoming hyperspectral ocean color imaging sensors, such as the NASA Phytoplankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and ocean Ecosystem mission. This study aims to provide uncertainty estimates associated with leading approaches to measure hyperspectral absorption coefficients in complex coastal waters. Absorption spectra were collected at 12 different stations, all located in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, between 09 January 2017 and 13 January 2017. Measurements included spectral absorption coefficients in the visible range (400–700 nm) associated with dissolved, aCDOM, total particulate, ap, and total nonwater, anw, fractions, and were made both in situ and from discrete samples. Discrete sample approaches included dual‐beam spectrophotometer, liquid waveguide capillary cell, point‐source integrating cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) for dissolved matter absorption samples, and quantitative filter technique ICAM measurements and the dual‐beam spectrophotometer with center‐mounted integrating sphere filter pad technique, while the Turner Designs ICAM, and WET Labs AC‐s, and AC‐9 instruments were used to determine absorption coefficients in situ. The Gershun approach, determining absorption from measurement of the irradiance quartet with respect to depth was also assessed in situ. Measurement uncertainties and relative accuracies were quantified for each of these approaches. Results showed generally strong agreements between different discrete sample methods, with average percent absolute error %δabs < 7% for aCDOM and < 9% for ap. In situ approaches showed higher variability and reduced accuracy. For anw, %δabs deviation relative to PSICAM data was on average 12% to 20%. Results help identify remaining technological gaps and need for improvements in the different absorption measurement approaches.
The sharing economy in social media: An institutional analysis in an emerging country
Authors: Tello‐Gamarra Jorge , Netto Carlai
Published: August 2021

Sharing economy is a concept that has been rapidly expanding around the world. However, the focus of most studies includes only developed countries. The objective of this article is to conduct an institutional analysis of the sharing economy in an emerging country. In order to proceed with it, we used the Social Media Analysis (SMA) alongside content analysis in order to obtain and analyze the collected data. The results indicate that the understanding of the sharing economy is intimately linked to the institutional context to which the analysis is connected.
A rare PALB2 germline variant causing G2/M cell cycle arrest is associated with isolated myelosarcoma in infancy
Authors: Beer Angelina , Beck Ricardo , Schedel Anne , von Bonin Malte , Meinel Jörn , Friedrich Ulrike Anne , Menzel Maria , Suttorp Meinolf , Brenner Sebastian , Fitze Guido , Lange Björn , Knöfler Ralf , Hauer Julia , Auer Franziska
Published: August 2021

Background

Isolated myelosarcoma of infancy is a rare presentation of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Because of its rarity and early onset in infancy underlying genetic predisposition is potentially relevant in disease initiation.

Methods and Results

We report an oncologic emergency in an infant with thoracic and intraspinal aleukaemic myeloid sarcoma causing acute myelon compression and lower leg palsy. Whole‐exome sequencing of the patient's germline DNA identified a rare PALB2 (OMIM 610355) variant (p.A1079S), which is located in a domain critical for the gene's proper function within the homology‐directed repair pathway. In line with potential DNA damage repair defects mediated by the PALB2 deregulation, the patient's fibroblasts showed increased sensitivity towards radiation and DNA intercalating agents.

Conclusion

Therefore, we suggest PALB2 p.A1079S as a pathogenic variant potentially contributing to the here observed patient phenotype.
New families of Horadam numbers associated with finite operators and their applications
Authors: Kızılateş Can
Published: August 2021

In this paper, by applying finite operator to the Horadam sequence, we define the Horadam finite operator sequences. We not only give some special cases of this new sequences but also investigate some properties of our new sequences such as recurrent relation, Binet‐like formula, summation formula, and generating function, respectively. We also present closed formula for the Horadam finite operator numbers and their special cases in terms of tridiagonal determinants. Moreover, by using the tridiagonal determinant, we once again verify the recurrence relation of the Horadam finite operator numbers.
Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N‐Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project
Authors: van Breda Simone G. , Mathijs Karen , Pieters Harm‐Jan , Sági‐Kiss Virág , Kuhnle Gunter G. , Georgiadis Panagiotis , Saccani Giovanna , Parolari Giovanni , Virgili Roberta , Sinha Rashmi , Hemke Gert , Hung Yung , Verbeke Wim , Masclee Ad A. , Vleugels‐Simon Carla B. , van Bodegraven Adriaan A. , de Kok Theo M. ,   the PHYTOME consortium
Published: August 2021

Scope

It has been proposed that endogenously form N‐nitroso compounds (NOCs) are partly responsible for the link between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. As nitrite has been indicated as critical factor in the formation of NOCs, the impact of replacing the additive sodium nitrite (E250) by botanical extracts in the PHYTOME project is evaluated.

Method and Results

A human dietary intervention study is conducted in which healthy subjects consume 300 g of meat for 2 weeks, in subsequent order: conventional processed red meat, white meat, and processed red meat with standard or reduced levels of nitrite and added phytochemicals. Consumption of red meat products enriched with phytochemicals leads to a significant reduction in the faecal excretion of NOCs, as compared to traditionally processed red meat products. Gene expression changes identify cell proliferation as main affects molecular mechanism. High nitrate levels in drinking water in combination with processed red meat intake further stimulates NOC formation, an effect that could be mitigated by replacement of E250 by natural plant extracts.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that addition of natural extracts to conventionally processed red meat products may help to reduce CRC risk, which is mechanistically support by gene expression analyses.
Microsatellite Variation in Yukon River Coho Salmon: Population Structure and Application to Mixed-Stock Analysis
Authors: Flannery Blair G. , Loges Randal G. , Wenburg John K.
Published: August 2021

Knowledge of population structure facilitates the effective management of species that are harvested in mixed-stock fisheries. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation at 19 microsatellite loci for 14 populations of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in the Yukon River. We then used this data to estimate the stock composition of adults that were harvested in a lower river test fishery. The Coho Salmon populations in the Yukon River exhibited a high degree of geographically based genetic structure (GST = 0.078), with a strong genetic disjunction between the lower and upper river populations. Further substructure was observed among the upper river populations, which allowed for the estimation of stock composition to areas within this region. Analyses involving simulated and real mixtures indicated that this level of divergence can be used to apportion Coho Salmon to regions and areas accurately (95–100%). The stock composition estimates for the test fishery revealed that the spawning migration was evenly divided (50:50) between the lower and upper river populations. The upper river populations generally had earlier migration timing, comprising 66% of the mixture in the beginning and 33% at the end. The largest component of the upper river region was Tanana at 44%, followed by Nenana at 5%, and Porcupine at 1%. While escapement monitoring is essential for the management of Coho Salmon, it is limited by funding shortfalls. However, mixed-stock analysis in conjunction with sonar enumeration can provide information on stock-specific proportions, abundances, and migration timings that can increase our knowledge and ability to manage Coho Salmon populations in the Yukon River.
Surface microenvironment optimization‐ induced robust oxygen reduction for neutral zinc‐air batteries
Authors: Liu Si , Cheng Han , Xia Jun , Wang Chun , Gui Renjie , Zhou Tianpei , Liu Hongfei , Peng Jing , Zhang Nan , Wang Wenjie , Chu Wangsheng , Wu HengAn , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: August 2021

Neutral zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are promising candidates for the next‐generation power devices with considerably elongated lifetime comparing to conventional alkaline ZABs. However, neutral cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is seriously limited by the mass transfer efficiency of hydroxyl due to insufficient interfacial chemical potential‐gradient between catalytic layer and electrolyte. Herein, we highlight that electrochemical oxidation‐induced surface microenvironment optimization could realize optimal chemical potential‐gradient around catalytic sites and bring outstanding neutral ORR activity. The electrodeposited sub‐nano Pt decorated surface‐microenvironment‐optimized Co2N samples (denoted as Pt‐SMO‐Co2N NWs) possessed 92 and 338 mV higher half‐wave potential than commercial Pt/C and pristine Co2N in 0.2 M PBS. As for neutral ZABs, Pt‐SMO‐Co2N NWs cathode delivers a power density of 67.9 mW*cm−2 and displays negligible decay after nearly 80 h stability test at 20 mA*cm−2. In‐depth characterization proposes that remarkable performance improvement originates from optimized microenvironment, which increases the surface chemical potential gradient and facilitates proton coupled electron transfer during ORR. We anticipated that such synergetic optimization of microenvironment and intrinsic activity of active sites is an effective strategy which may be extended to the catalytic reactions beyond ORR.

Key points

We demonstrated surface microenvironment optimization via in‐situ electrochemical oxidation as an effective way to design highly active ORR catalysts.

Surface microenvironment optimization realized significantly enhanced ORR and Zn‐air battery performance in neutral media.

Based on ideal material platform, the key role of activating H2O and facilitating proton transfer process in ORR catalysis was revealed.
Leading and lagging indicators in fundraising management: A Canadian case study
Authors: Dougherty Christopher N.
Published: August 2021

Fundraisers, managers, and boards in the charitable sector are faced with an ongoing concern: how do they produce sustainable, predictable financial returns for their causes while minimizing the cost of fundraising? One way to address this is to improve the measurement of fundraising activities and this study asks how fundraising results should be communicated within organizations to support sustainability. This case study focuses on the fundraising program from one Canadian charity with a large, diversified fundraising program to examine how fundraisers can move beyond simple end‐of‐year financial ratios and implement one managerial technique, leading and lagging indicators, to improve long‐term financial performance. A literature review, internal interviews, and internal document review are used to identify 81 potential leading and lagging indicators that fundraisers can use to develop a suite of indicators that fit their context, activities, and goals and to identify potential challenges with implementing indicators. The role of organizational context and characteristics in selecting an appropriate suite of indicators is also discussed.
Attitudes towards lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement: A study on Sicilians during the coronavirus lockdown
Authors: Di Marco Graziella , Hichy Zira , Sciacca Federica
Published: August 2021

Italy was the first European country to be affected by the Covid‐19. To limit the contagion, an emergency protocol was triggered on March 10, 2020, which imposed a lockdown for 69 days. Many Italians considered the restrictions imposed by the government excessive and unnecessary. We hypothesized that agreement with government restrictions and compliance with imposed rules was positively correlated with trust in institutions, civic engagement, and the sense of community. To this end, during the lockdown period, we administered an online questionnaire to 189 Sicilians. The results showed that trust in institutional organizations and the attitude component of civic engagement facilitate the approval of limitations imposed during the lockdown period and the acceptance of future restrictions. Unexpectedly, the behavioral component of civic engagement leads to the rejection of restrictions and behaviors that could contain a further spread of the virus. Indeed, participants who declared that they were engaged in beneficial actions for their community disapproved of the measures already adopted and were unwilling to adopt future behaviors to limit the spread of the virus.
The effects of hacking events on bitcoin
Authors: Pham Huy , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Ramiah Vikash , Moosa Nisreen
Published: August 2021

We examine the short‐term and long‐term effects of hacking events on bitcoin return. Additionally, we attempt to find out if investors can benefit from these events by adopting and modifying the models proposed by Baur et al. (2018) [Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 54, 177–189] who compare the performance of bitcoin against FX returns and the S&P500. The results show that hacking events present an opportunity for investors to make a profit if they invest in bitcoin, stocks and currencies. Such an opportunity, however, does not last for long.
Combining data from consumers and traditional medicine practitioners to provide a more complete picture of Chinese bear bile markets
Authors: Hinsley Amy , Hu Sifan , Chen Haochun , Garshelis David , Hoffmann Michael , Lee Tien Ming , Moyle Brendan , Qiu Yingjie , Ruan Xiangdong , Wan Anita Kar Yan , Zhou Jiemin , Milner‐Gulland E. J.
Published: August 2021

Understanding wildlife consumption is essential for the design and evaluation of effective conservation interventions to reduce illegal trade. This requires understanding both the consumers themselves and those who influence their behaviour. For example, in markets for wildlife‐based medicines, both consumers and medical practitioners have a role in which products are consumed.

We used mixed methods to triangulate data on bear bile consumption from 3,646 members of the public, 80 pharmacy workers and 38 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doctors in four provincial capital cities across China. Bear bile can be sold legally in packaged TCM products made from farmed bile, or sold illegally, often as raw gallbladders from wild bears. We interviewed medical practitioners, and surveyed the public using both direct questions (DQ) and the Unmatched Count Technique (UCT), an indirect method used to improve reporting of sensitive behaviours. We applied a ‘combined’ UCT‐DQ analysis to produce a more robust consumption estimate.

In all, 140 (3.8%) survey respondents directly reported recent (<3 years) bile consumption, but the combined UCT‐DQ estimate was 11.2%. In total, 14 survey respondents (0.4% sample and 10% recent consumers) self‐reported recent wild bile consumption. Almost a quarter of doctors and half of pharmacy workers had ever prescribed bile.

Around half of doctors and over a quarter of pharmacy workers said that bear bile was the best medicine in certain situations. More than half of doctors and over a third of pharmacy workers thought wild bile was more effective than farmed, although we found no evidence of wild bile being formally prescribed. Consumers could name specific treatment uses of bile but almost half of recent consumers did not know the source of bile they had consumed.

We show that gathering perspectives from different wildlife market actors can generate a more complete picture of trade. In China, bile consumption may be limited by its specific TCM treatment uses, but whether practitioner views on the greater effectiveness of wild bile are passed to consumers must be investigated further. With potential overlap between farmed and wild consumption, any interventions to change these markets must carefully consider how both consumers and practitioners may react.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Use of sedating medications around nursing home admission in Denmark
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Lundby Carina , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Larsen Søren Post , Hoppe Bettina Clauber , Hoffmann Helene , Thompson Wade
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To examine use of sedating medications around the time of nursing home admission in Denmark.

Methods

We conducted a register‐based drug utilization study, describing patterns of commonly used medications with sedative effects leading up to and after nursing home admission using data from 94 Danish nursing homes between 2015 and 2017.

Results

We identified 5179 residents (median age 84 years, 63% female) and described monthly incidence and total use of benzodiazepines (BZDs), Z drugs, mirtazapine/mianserin, quetiapine, promethazine, and melatonin. The proportion of unique users of sedating medications was similar before and after admission (42% before vs. 40% after) despite an increase in total use after admission. The overall incidence of sedating medications peaked in the 6 months before and 6 months after admission (peaking at 4.6 per 100 person‐months 1 month after admission). The most commonly initiated medications were mirtazapine/mianserin, followed by BZDs and Z drugs. Total use of sedating medications increased leading up to admission (peaking at 1001 defined daily doses per 100 residents per month 1 month after admission) and decreased gradually after admission.

Conclusions

Sedative medication initiation increases sharply leading up to admission in Danish nursing homes. Mirtazapine/mianserin is a commonly used agent in nursing homes, despite limited evidence on benefits and harms. Efforts to promote rational use of these medications in nursing homes remain warranted.
Trend changes of national zolpidem users and exposure cases after FDA drug safety communications
Authors: Zhou Esther H. , Feng Zhou , Pinnow Ellen , Lee Joann , Bak Daniel , Ready Travis , Dal Pan Gerald J.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of FDA's 2013 zolpidem Drug Safety Communications (DSCs), which recommended lowering the initial dose to mitigate drowsiness, on national estimates of zolpidem users and zolpidem exposure cases.

Methods

We analyzed trend changes of national zolpidem users from the IQVIA Total Patient Tracker (TPT) and zolpidem exposure cases reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS), 2009–2018. To control for time varying confounding, the adjusted trends were analyzed using simple and controlled interrupted time series (ITS). We also adjusted for seasonal changes. Three sedating antidepressants were used together as a control.

Results

The national estimates of high‐dose zolpidem users in TPT decreased significantly in the month immediately post‐DSC; the absolute level decrease was −12.51 (95% CI: −14.12, −10.89) per 10 000 U.S. population relative to sedating antidepressants. The trend continuously decreased post‐DSC, resulting in a 59% overall decrease by the end of the study period. There was a larger decrease in high‐dose zolpidem use in females than in males. There was a level decrease of zolpidem exposure cases in the NPDS immediately post‐DSC, −0.37 absolute decline (95% CI, −0.53, −0.20) per 10 000 national zolpidem users; or −1.33 absolute decline (95% CI, −1.54, −1.13) per 1000 total NPDS exposure cases relative to sedating antidepressants. Similar patterns were observed for cases reporting drowsiness. The results from the single ITS and controlled ITS were similar.

Conclusions

Zolpidem users and exposure cases decreased significantly post‐DSC, suggesting practitioners and patients became aware of and responded to the zolpidem DSCs.
Supporting practitioner‐led inquiry into classroom dialogue with a research‐informed professional learning resource: A design‐based approach
Authors: Hennessy Sara , Kershner Ruth , Calcagni Elisa , Ahmed Farah
Published: August 2021

Research indicating the educational value of classroom dialogue, in which participants engage critically and constructively with other perspectives, is long established but classroom practice evolves slowly. Outcomes of practitioner professional development in this area are inconsistent and often dependent on costly, external input. Our study aimed to understand whether and how practitioner‐led inquiry may offer an alternative, sustainable and scalable way of developing dialogic practices, characterising effective organisational models. The Teacher Scheme for Educational Dialogue Analysis (T‐SEDA) resource pack was designed to support iterative cycles of practitioner inquiry based on systematic analysis of classroom dialogue and reflecting critically with peers, using customisable coding tools and templates. This open resource embeds research findings about dialogue forms that are productive for student learning. We report our design‐based research comprising nested inquiry cycles involving 74 practitioners from early years to tertiary levels. Data were derived from surveys, inquiry reports and interviews. Participants successfully used and adapted the resources for their own goals, needs and diverse contexts across seven countries. The largely autonomous process was typically supported by local facilitators working with groups of practitioners; data analysis focused on illuminating models of institutional organisation of inquiry, uses of T‐SEDA resources, participant perceptions and factors underlying (dis)engagement. The findings offer insights into knowledge mobilisation and educational change processes. They yield design principles for scalability and sustainability based on a non‐prescriptive model of local ownership and facilitation of self‐directed practitioner inquiry and purpose‐driven adaptation in complex educational circumstances.
An Integrated Strategy for Rapid Hemostasis during Tumor Resection and Prevention of Postoperative Tumor Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Antibacterial Shape Memory Cryogel
Authors: Liang Yongping , Li Meng , Huang Ying , Guo Baolin
Published: August 2021

The inevitable bleeding during tumor resection greatly increases the risk of tumor recurrence caused by metastasis of cancer cells with blood, and hemostasis and prevention of post‐operation tumor recurrence is still a challenge. However, a biomaterials approach for rapid hemostasis during tumor resection and simultaneous prevention of tumor recurrence is rarely reported. Here, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) nanoparticle‐enhanced multinetwork cryogels are proposed which provide an integrated treatment regimen for rapid hemostasis through intraoperative blood trigger shape recovery and enhanced coagulation, and prevention of postoperative cancer recurrence via sonodynamic anticancer in a hepatocellular carcinoma model. A series of antibacterial shape memory multifunctional cryogels are synthesized based on glycidyl methacrylate‐functionalized quaternized chitosan (QCSG), dopamine‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐DA), and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)‐loaded dopamine‐modified ZIF‐8 (ZDH). Blood loss in different bleeding models confirms good hemostasis of ZIF‐8 loading cryogels. Besides, in vitro tests confirm that QCSG/HA‐DA/ZDH (QH/ZDH) cryogels significantly killed cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species under ultrasound. Finally, significantly reduced tumor recurrence after the resection of ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma further confirms the good effect of QH/ZDH cryogels in preventing recurrence by a coordinated strategy of intraoperative hemostasis and postoperative sonodynamic therapy by pH‐responsive HMME release, showing great potential in clinical application.
A reliable and secure method for network‐layer attack discovery and elimination in mobile ad‐hoc networks based on a probabilistic threshold
Authors: Ebazadeh Yaser , Fotohi Reza
Published: August 2021

The wireless nature of mobile networks makes it vulnerable to all kinds of attacks. Therefore, designing a secure method for detecting intrusive nodes in this type of network seems necessary. Among the types of attacks on mobile ad‐hoc networks, the Grayhole attack is one of the most dangerous attacks. In this type of attack, a malicious node absorbs network traffic and then selectively deletes a number of received packets. In this paper, a method called RSA‐GRAY HOLE is used to detect and isolate the Grayhole attack. The proposed method not only detects the malicious node, but also disconnects it from the network and does not allow it to participate in the next routing process. The proposed method detects a malicious node in two steps; in the first step, it examines the validity of the nodes of a route to select a valid route. In the second step, the destination node detects the presence of malicious nodes in the route and after detecting the malicious nodes, disconnects them from the network. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed RSA‐GRAY HOLE method, the NS‐2 simulator was used and this method was compared with the DSR protocol under Grayhole attack. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed RSA‐GRAY HOLE method compared to the Grayhole DSR method in terms of throughput (23%), package delivery rate (26%), average delay (19%) and number of lost packets (20%).
Designing Non‐Newtonian Mold Powders and Optimization of Process for Continuous Casting of Billet
Authors: Yang Hyunjin , Ramirez Lopez Pavel E. , Vasallo Diana Mier , Cornille Maite , Schulz Klaus , Hunt Adam , Stewart Bridget
Published: August 2021

The current article describes the approach followed to design new shear‐thinning casting powders that minimize slag entrainment without sacrificing mold lubrication during continuous casting of steel. Enhanced shear‐thinning is achieved by controlling the degree of polymerization through Si3N4, characterized with an improved viscometry methodology where viscosity is a function of temperature as well as shear rate in contrast to the standard practice. Chemical analysis reveals a considerable loss in N accompanied by a gain in SiO2 during premelting which can represent a hindrance for industrial application. In parallel, a 3D numerical model is developed to characterize the shear‐thinning behavior through a mapping of the viscosity for temperature and shear rate. This model is used to optimize casting conditions for an industrial billet caster with electromagnetic stirring (EMS) through a response surface analysis. Finally, plant trials with the new powder show potential to reduce entrainment after postmortem analysis of the rolled materials. No critical issues are found during the industrial application despite a slight increase in mold friction and decrease in powder consumption. Ultimately, the combination of improved characterization and numerical modeling can be used as design tools for effective optimization of the shear‐thinning effects under specific casting conditions.
Feature‐driven systems engineering procedure for standardized product‐line development
Authors: Granrath Christian , Kugler Christopher , Silberg Sebastian , Meyer Max‐Arno , Orth Philipp , Richenhagen Johannes , Andert Jakob
Published: August 2021

Numerous systems engineering (SE) methods for the model‐based and textual specification of systems focus on managing complexity solely by partitioning the system based on physical structures or by defining different views of the system and therefore reach their limits in agile development. The increasing demand for an agile system development requires an agile systems engineering procedure for the model‐based and textual top‐down specification of systems. Although function‐based development, variant management, and product line development are well established in software engineering, previous work has failed to introduce methods for the agile specification of systems by combining established methods from systems and software engineering. For that purpose, this paper demonstrates a new SE methodology, which for the first time combines conventional SE methods with the agile development procedure of feature‐driven development. The methodology is systematically developed based on theoretical analyses and its suitability for the application‐specific definition of feature‐driven development processes is demonstrated using the example of reference architectures for XiL simulation models of electric vehicles. By applying feature‐driven development, the resulting CUBE methodology enhances collaboration in interdisciplinary development teams and enables companies to adapt development processes to a more agile top‐down specification of systems.
FDTD Analysis on Propagation and TE Mode Properties of PD‐Emitted Electromagnetic Wave in Three‐Phase Type GIS with a Series Arrangement of HVCs
Authors: Fujimoto Tatsuki , Ohtsuka Shinya , Shikura Tatsuyuki
Published: August 2021

This article described transverse electric (TE) mode properties of partial discharge‐emitted electromagnetic wave propagating in the three‐phase type gas insulated switchgear (GIS) with a series arrangement of high voltage conductors that was calculated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. In the calculation, comparison of TE mode properties between single and three‐phase type GISs as well as discussion on influences of defect position and sensor position were carried out. Also, approximation equation was proposed to obtain the cut‐off frequencies of TE modes in the three‐phase type GIS. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Spontaneous haemoperitoneum with extravasation of contrast medium on CT due to bee sting vasculitis in a dog
Authors: Colthurst Stephanie Midori Margaret , Simcock James Oliver , Kisielewicz Caroline , Hodge Priscilla , Rowan Conor
Published: August 2021

A 9‐year old female spayed Boston Terrier was found to have a bee stinger in the left metacarpal pad and subsequently collapsed. Treatment for anaphylaxis was initiated. Haemoperitoneum was diagnosed by abdominal focussed assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST) and abdominocentesis. Computed tomography revealed extravasation of contrast medium indicating active haemorrhage. Exploratory coeliotomy and liver lobectomy were performed as there was concern by the attending clinicians that an underlying liver mass may be present due to evidence of active haemorrhage. Histopathology reported marked, acute, multifocal centrilobular and portal haemorrhage with no concurrent underlying pathology such as neoplasia. Subsequent interpretation of the CT by a boarded radiologist reported no clear cause for the haemorrhage. The multifocal extravasation of the contrast medium suggested a multifocal or diffuse haemorrhagic process. Vasculitis and coagulopathy secondary to bee‐sting was concluded. The dog recovered and follow‐up ultrasound 9 weeks later was unremarkable, supporting a one‐off event.
A review of Forensic Entomology literature in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Weidner Lauren M. , Hans Krystal R.
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive review of forensic entomology literature in the northeastern portion of the United States was conducted searching the earliest possible publication date through early 2020. Thirteen states and the capital were included in this region and yielded 172 publications. As a region, the main areas of the publications were arrival and decomposition, myiasis, and papers yielding information pertaining to biodiversity. However, there was a large fluctuation in total publications by state with Maryland producing over 30 publications, and Delaware and Vermont each producing one. Within this region only 15 publications from seven states were found concerning development, showing a severe deficiency in this category. Additional work is needed in this geographic area of the United States in most categories of work related to forensic entomology research.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence

Forensic Anthropology > Time Since Death Estimation

Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Examination
A review of the Forensic Entomology literature in the south‐eastern United States
Authors: Byrd Jason , Sutton Lerah
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive review of forensic entomology literature specifically relevant to the south‐eastern United States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, the US Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico) revealed a significant deficit in the availability of literature that may be applied to forensic casework or otherwise beneficial to the forensic entomology practitioner. While there are numerous articles relevant to this geographic region on topics including biodiversity, ecology, behavior, and anecdotal case studies, very little literature is available on the development and methods necessary to conduct case evaluations in forensic entomology. A dramatic scarcity of literature in this region specific to insect species commonly encountered in forensic entomology casework (i.e., Calliphora livida (Hall), Calliphora terraenovae (Macquart), Cynomya cadaverina (Robineau‐Desvoidy), Cynomya mortuorum (Linnaeus), Lucilia cluvia (Walker), Lucilia coeruleiviridis (Macquart), Lucilia cuprina (Weidemann), Lucilia eximia (Weidemann), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy)) that would be utilized for casework was also identified. To remedy this deficiency, additional development and succession studies must be conducted and published that address the most common species of insects encountered in forensic casework in the south‐eastern United States.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Forensic Entomology
A review of Forensic Entomology literature in the Mountain Prairie region of the United States
Authors: Hans Krystal R. , Yoho Kelie , Parrott Jonathan J. , Weidner Lauren M.
Published: August 2021

A comprehensive review of literature in forensic entomology from the Mountain Prairie region of the United States was conducted. Eight states are included in this region, which provided 129 total publications. The main focus areas of published studies were arrival and decomposition, molecular/genetic, and biodiversity. While some states have produced a great deal of research and information pertaining to forensic entomology, others have produced very little. Within this region, there are very few reports of forensic entomology casework, which is crucial in this growing field. Additional work is needed in this area of the United States in many of the research areas related to forensic entomology.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Forensic Entomology

Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Examination
A review of the Forensic Entomology literature in the Pacific Southwest of the United States
Authors: Parrott Jonathan J. , Maley Samantha B. , Herrera‐Quiroz Demian D.
Published: August 2021

Forensic entomology has progressed significantly in the last 30 years. Research into different sub‐areas of this discipline has greatly progressed the science and further increased the accuracy and precision of entomological evidence in the court room. This literature review examines the forensic entomology research that has been performed in the Pacific Southwest of the United States, specifically, California and Nevada. This review critically examines the literature and further sets out recommendations for forensic entomology to grow in both accuracy, precision and efficiently in the Pacific Southwest region.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Forensic Entomology