bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINALISTICS PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC REGION
Authors: Bertovsky Lev V. , Klebanov Lev R.
Published: August 2019

The actual problems of criminal law and criminalistics with which law enforcement agencies in Arctic have been facing are concerned in the present article. Successful development of Arctic region demands struggling against criminality affected by special climate, geographic, ethnic, social, legal and another factors. These circumstances roughly embarrass the combating with criminality in Arctic, taking into account sparse population of the region, remote location of communities from organs of state power, ingenious people alcohol abusing, negative affecting of harsh arctic conditions on mental health of inhabiting person. Being one of the richest recourse region all over the world, Arctic has becoming the stage of competition between arctic states. Upkeeping of order on Russian arctic territory is very important aim under these circumstances. In the article legal regiment of Arctic is concerned and characteristic of Arctic social and economy situation is given. The authors demonstrate structure of Arctic criminality and crimes committed on this territory are analyzed. Special attention is centered on analyzing of ecological crimes committed in Arctic taking into account wealthy of local fauna and environment. The problems of law enforcement criminalistics providing also are attentively analyzed, for example, issues of criminalistics methodic for crime investigation, usage of the new technic tools and devises of criminalistics, interconnection between investigators and detectives. Such interconnection is embarrassed by remote locations islands from mainland. The article is grounded on extensive materials from empiric, scientific and law origins related to criminality existing in the different Arctic countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Scandinavian states). This article is the first one discussing various problems of combatting criminality in Arctic region. In the process of preparing the article authors have come to conclusion that Arctic crimes there committed poses special sort of criminality - “frozen” criminality. Such sort provided by special factors must be explored in the future in order to get success while combating the criminality in Arctic.
LEGAL REGULATION OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA
Authors: Novikova Inna D.
Published: August 2019

Having adopted the Constitution in 1993 and declared itself a social state, the Russian Federation assumed the duty not to exert power over its citizens, but to provide them with services. However, the provision of services has become a new, previously uncharacteristic area of activity of the state apparatus. Given this, the issue of creating a qualitatively new system of public administration in Russia was of particular relevance. Since the early 2000s. its decision is directly related to the «administrative reform», in which, among other things, the term «public service» was introduced into domestic legal circulation. Currently, the issue of improving the efficiency of public services is still on the agenda, because in the sphere of realization of citizens and organizations of their right to receive public services remains unresolved a number of problems, the main of which is the lack of a full legislative framework governing the institution of public services. The author, having carried out a comparative legal analysis of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation with the legislation of the United States, which is considered more progressive in this area, attempts to identify the most significant advantages and disadvantages of the current domestic legal framework in the provision of public services. Taking into account the findings, the author formulates proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of management decisions in the provision of public services.
Reapplying Phenomena of Meaning
Authors: Wesley Troeger
Published: August 2019

Name: Wesley Troeger
subject: composition
supervisors: Samuel Vriezen, Eric Kluitenberg
title: Reapplying Phenomena of Meaning
question: how can the chosen four phenomena of meaning be reapplied in composition?

The paper explores an artistic process of observing and analyzing complexities of meaning in works of different media, and reapplying these complexities in musical composition. Films, stage works, novels and paintings are analyzed for their relevant properties in a series of brief case studies. The problems of abstraction and reapplication are examined, and the ways in which I have done the latter are explained.

bio: Wesley Troeger is a master's student in composition at the Royal Conservatoire of The Hague. He is from Westchester, New York and currently studies with Yannis Kyriakides and Alison Isadora. He holds a bachelor's degree in composition from New England Conservatory in Boston.
SOSIAL MEDIA SARANA PROMOSI PADA PEDAGANG PAKAIAN DI PASAR SUDIMAMPIR BANJARMASIN
Authors: Ariyadi Ariyadi
Published: August 2019

The rise of promotions and buying-selling through internet where social media has become one of the media, it has many positive impacts, such as buying-selling transactions have become easier. Meanwhile, it has negative impacts too, such as fraud and others, this makes researchers interested in researching how clothing traders on the Sudimampir market, Banjarmasin utilizes media as a promotion in order to be able to compete and increase their sales. This research aims to find out how the use of social media in clothing in Sudimampir market, as well as the obstacles that faced when using social media as a means of promotion.The researcher used field research, which is descriptive qualitative by conducting in-depth interviews and then the results can be summarized. The informants in this study were 15 people, all of whom were clothing traders who were selling in the Sudimampir market.The results of this study indicate that the use of social media as a promotion of clothing Sudimampir market using several social media such as: WA (Whatsapp), BBM (Blackberry Messenger), FB (Facebook). Those social media used as a means for ordering, Facebook and Instagram used for uploading photos of the items they sell. Those social media give a positive impact, namely their sales have increased which is in accordance with the function of social media in trading, which can increase sales.
Education and knowledge are fundamental to social justice and economic growth
Authors: EL ALAOUİ Aicha
Published: August 2019

This paper tries to explain that both knowledge and education are the way to increase economic growth and social justice. We have used the panel data to check the relationships between four indicators: knowledge, education, economic growth, and social justice. These data are from the Social Progress Imperative Organization (2018). We have used the statistic method (mode, quartile, and decile) to analyze our data though they are not enough. So, we found that 54 countries in the world have the lowest revenue between $600 and $9,300. They set forth almost 43% among 126 countries. In this modal class, about 6% have the lowest rate SPI (Social Progress Index) in the world - it is between 20 and 40-, and more than 94% have a rate SPI between 40 and 80. The results of the OLS regressions show that the improvement of social progress can increase GDP per capita to seven times what it was. On the other hand, both improvements in knowledge and education can increase GDP per capita to thirteen times what it was.
Indonesian Adolescents' Online Opportunities and Risks
Authors: Luthfia Amia , Triputra Pinckey , . Hendriyani
Published: August 2019

This research aims to 1) explore the benefits of online (benefits obtained when on the internet) and online risks (risks experienced when on the internet) in adolescents in Jakarta; 2) Test differences in online benefits and online risk based on differences in gender, education level, and school affiliation. This study used a survey method with a multilevel random sampling technique performed on adolescents living in Jakarta aged 12-18 (N = 756). The data analysis technique for this study is descriptive analysis and T-test analysis. The results of the research show that teenagers in Jakarta regularly use the internet every day with relatively high duration. More than 60% of teens benefit online in the medium to the high category, with six types of benefits online: learning, creative participation, social participation, social relations, entertainment, commercial benefits, and personal benefits. Most teens experience online risk in the low category, with three types of risks: content risk, contact risk, and behavioral risk. Other findings, namely: (1) there are significant differences in online risk-based on sex and adolescent education level; (2) significant differences in online benefits are based solely on adolescent education levels. There are no significant differences in online and online risk benefits based on school affiliation (non-religious schools and religion-based schools). This research contributes to the importance of distinguishing online benefits and online risks from adolescent education levels.
Blind People’s Multiple Identity And Impression Management In Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kadri Kadri , Mulyana Deddy
Published: August 2019

This research aims to uncover the multiple identities of 40 blind people and develop a model of their impression management that may be different from the impression management of nondisabled people. Blind people as subjects of this study are those who experience blindness in adulthood but were able-bodied before. Changes in physical conditions are followed by psychological changes that affect the way they communicate with their social environment, which is marked by impression management efforts. Using an interpretive perspective, more specifically a dramaturgical approach relying largely on observation as its method, the study reveals that the blind’s impression management is related to their self-confidence. The lower self-confidence they possess, the higher effort of impression management they make. The blind’s impression management is conducted in two strategies: first, by not using a personal front like black eyeglasses and a white stick; and secondly, by involving a performance team. These findings reinforce the distinction between the blind and the able-bodied people in their impression management. The nondisabled people usually use the personal front when managing the impression on the front stage. Based on finding that the blind’s impression management is distinctive in nature, this study has enriched Goffman's dramaturgical theory.
FAMILY COMMUNICATION PORTRAIT IN THE MIDDLE OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN BOGOR
Authors: Pramono Firdanianty , Lubis Djuara P , Puspitawati Herien , Susanto Djoko
Published: August 2019

The advancement of information and communication technology have a positive and negative impacts on family ties and values. These developments also change the order of family life as the smallest unit in society. Family interaction and communication also change along with social change in society. The purposes of this study are: first, to explore the topics of conversation and interaction of adolescents with their families. Second, to depict four types of communication between adolescents and their families. This study was conducted for 6 months in 6 high schools in Bogor with qualitative methods. Data were obtained through focus group discussion (FGD) in each high school with a total of 12 FGDs. The number of informants involved in the FGD were 60 students aged 15-18 years old. The FGD results show that most of theadolescents shared their personal problems to peers than to parents. The topics presented by adolescents to parents included events at school (lessons, teachers, friends), television shows, ideals, sports, and politics. Some adolescents who had close relationships with parents did not hesitate to share their personal problems and interests of the opposite sex to their parents. Adolescents who had closeness to parents tend to be more open and were able to control their emotions. The findings of this study are expected to provide inputto the family as well as to improve the quality of communication between adolescents and parents.
Lahirnya Identitas Baru: Pergeseran Budaya melalui Interaksi pada Karyawan Difabel Samakta Guest House
Authors: Natalia El Chris
Published: August 2019

Cultural change and the emergence of identity in the individual can occur through interaction. Culture in an organization can form a new identity in individuals. The aim of this research is to know about the cultural shift experienced by the diffable employees who are deaf at Samakta Guest House in forming a new identity within them. The literature review used in this research includes intercultural communication, organizational culture, self-concept, and identity. This research is using a qualitative descriptive analysis. In collecting data, the researcher used an in-depth interview with four informants, ND, DD, JF, and PL. The result shows that deaf employees who work at Samakta Guest House have a special culture and identity or characteristic in themselves. Organizational culture and the process of interaction make the deaf employees become more developed and find new figures in themselves. Diffable employees adapt to new cultures. In forming this new identity, the interaction process that plays an important role in them is the interaction with the owners of Samakta Guest House and other diffable employees who work there. The substance of this research recommends that the organization, especially for the owner and manager of Samakta Guest House should develop a diffable-concerned organization.
The Mediatization of “SARA” Conflict in Indonesian Online Media
Authors: Maryani Eni , Rahmawan Detta , Garnesia Irma
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyses the news on "Aksi Damai" or "Peaceful Protest" occurred on December 2, 2016, in Jakarta related to the incumbent Jakarta Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama or Ahok, over a blasphemy case. The "212 Peaceful Protest" is a protest conducted by several hardliner Muslim groups against Ahok, a Chinese Christian. Ahok was accused of a blasphemy-related to his statements about politicians who exploit a verse from the Holy Qur'an, to win the elections. The study uses a concept of mediatizations with quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data through content analysis, observation, and interviews. The research subject is two online media in Indonesia, Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com. The news from Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com are being collected from November 28 to December 4, 2016. In Indonesia, Republika.co.id is considered as a media that is oriented toward Muslim agenda, while Metrotvnews.com is oriented toward nationalism agenda. The results show that both Republika.co.id and Metrotvnews.com build a media logic or mediatizations related to Ahok's blasphemy cases. Republika.co.id emphasizes a narrative on divinity and piety logic, while Metrotvnews.com builds a narrative on the importance of national unity and legal political logic. The substance this study can be concluded that efforts to disseminate the values of tolerance and appreciate the noble values of humanity in a multicultural society must be carried on.
Model Komunikasi Korporat Sari Ater Hotel & Resort Dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Ruliana Poppy , Lestari Puji , Andrini Susi
Published: August 2019

The importance of implementing the corporate communication model at Sari Ater Hotel & Resort in the face of the industrial revolution 4.0 is faced with the use of new media and the effects of these changes on the company. The purpose of this study was to find out and find the corporate communication model of Sari Ater Hotel & Resort. The study used descriptive qualitative method, where data was obtained through in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews) and observations of informants (Director of Sales, Marketing Manager, and Public Relations Manager). The results of this study indicate that the social media communication model for corporate Sari Ater Hotels & Resort is relevant because in reality digital media has an influence on the implementation of Public Relations activities R Sari Ater Hotel & Resort has even been used as a medium to interact with the public, both internal and external public because through the internet can be known various information and issues that are developing or changes that occur so that a PR practitioner Sari Ater Hotel & Resort can access all information required according to the needs of the organization. The research findings are interactional communication models that can be applied at Sari Ater Hotel & Resort in the face of a linear and circular 4.0 industrial revolution
Screening for drought resistance during germination of modern and old Iberian wheat cultivars
Authors: Pavia Ivo , Rocha Luís , Moutinho-Pereira José , Lima-Brito José , Correia Carlos
Published: August 2019

Climate change is expected to reduce water availability in several wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas. Drought, during and immediately after sowing can compromise germination, seedling development, and ultimately crop yield. Our study’s objective was to investigate early drought stress resistance and evaluate genetic diversity of four bread wheat cultivars – three modern elite germplasm lines (‘Antequera’, ‘Jordão’ and ‘Roxo’) and an ancient Portuguese cultivar (‘Mestiço’) – at five water potentials, ranging from 0 to –1.5 MPa. Germination was annotated daily during eight days. Dry and fresh weights as well as root and shoot growth were measured. Genetic variability among cultivars was evaluated using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Overall, when water potential was lowered, germination rate and seedling growth were delayed. Final germination percentages were only affected by the higher stress intensity. This study reinforces the importance of research into ancient wheat cultivars, such as ‘Mestiço’. This cultivar showed the highest genetic difference when compared with the remaining cultivars. ‘Mestiço’ presented the highest coleoptile size, high vigor index values, and the lowest variation in water content due to stress conditions. Therefore, it may be able to germinate in extremly dry soil and be the least affected by drought stress. Still, due to the comparatively reduced yield of older wheat cultivars, stress tolerance should be researched within elite cultivars. Among these, Jordão revealed particularly good germination and early biomass development characteristics across water potentials, presenting a likely choice for future studies under drought stress conditions.
Phenolic profiles of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) leaf extracts obtained by different extraction methods
Authors: Persic Martina , Veberic Robert , Mikulic-Petkovsek Maja
Published: August 2019

Extracts from quince leaves are a well-known home remedy used for treating diverse health problems. Most of the beneficial properties of quince leaf extracts may be assigned to their high content of phenolic compounds, particularly tannins. In this research, we have evaluated the efficiency of various methods for phenolic extraction from quince leaves and determined detailed phenolic profiles of different extracts. The results indicated that leaf drying is a suitable pretreatment for enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds. Higher extraction of phenolics was achieved at higher temperatures (i.e. infusion or decoction). Phenolic profiles of quince leaf extracts differed among the extraction solvents and time of extraction. Flavanols prevailed in extracts obtained by decoction and ethanolic maceration, while extracts obtained by maceration in water and infusion were rich in phenolic acids. A highly concentrated quince leaf extract was attained by ethanolic maceration, using a standard ratio of solvent and leaf material.
A new variety of Plocama calabrica (Rubiaceae) from Denizli (Turkey) confirmed by morphological and molecular ISSR markers
Authors: Göktürk Ramazan Süleyman , Düşen Olcay , Kaya Ergun , Gürcan Betül , Sarpkaya Uygar
Published: August 2019

Plocama calabrica (L.f.) M.Backlund & Thulin var. alba Göktürk, O.D.Düşen, B.Gürcan & U. Sarpkaya variety nova is described from South-West Anatolia. The new variety grows on limestone slopes between Akpınar and Yaylapınar villages in the Çameli district in Denizli. It is closely related to P. calabrica var. calabrica, and can be readily distinguished by morphological and molecular characters from the related variety. Taxonomic comments such as descriptive and diagnostic characters, distribution and ecology, phenology and proposed conservation status for this new variety are given in the current study. Morphological affinities and the inter-simple-sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR based phylogenetic relationships between the new and the related variety are also discussed
Germination behavior of the extremely rare Hladnikia pastinacifolia Rchb. (Apiaceae) – a Pleistocene in situ survivor
Authors: Šajna Nina , Šipek Mirjana , Šuštar-Vozlič Jelka , Kaligarič Mitja
Published: August 2019

The present-day diversity of European flora in temperate mountain ranges was mainly formed by the negative effects of Pleistocene glaciation, which caused extinctions, restricted survival in situ, and subsequent re-colonization. Only rarely can we find species that have retained the molecular information of in situ survival. One such example is the extremely rare H. pastinacifolia Rchb., a monotypic genus and a narrow endemic of a mountain plateau south-east of the Julian Alps (Slovenia). We investigated the germination behavior and dispersal indications, which are often closely related to rarity and persistence and thus valuable for species conservation. Additionally, results about H. pastinacifolia help us to understand better what kind of species survived glaciations in Europe in situ. Our results show that these seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and require an ecologically relevant moist chilling period of about 100 days. The temperature sequence of the colder period that H. pastinacifolia seeds received in nature was 20/15 °C (52 days), 10/5 °C (40 days), 5/0 °C (65 days), 10/0 °C (45 days), 15/5 °C (21 days). The germination rate was high, significantly increased by scarification, and therefore prevented long-term seed bank establishment. We found cryptic seed differences expressed by two types of dormancy, each related to the order of the umbel: simple and complex morphophysiological dormancy for the lateral and the main umbel, respectively. Seed dispersal was very much influenced by precipitation in autumn. The germination and dispersal characteristics could explain the rarity and at the same time the persistence of H. pastinacifolia.
Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on cadmium toxicity in black poplar (Populus nigra): physiological approaches
Authors: Cikili Yakup , Kulac Semsettin , Samet Halil , Filiz Ertugrul
Published: August 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metallic contaminant that negatively affects plant metabolism and causes reductions in productivity. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that regulates various physiological processes and is involved in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. This work investigated the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, application on Cd toxicity in black poplar (Populus nigra). Black poplars were exposed to individual/combined CdCl2and SNP treatments for 21 days by complete randomized design with three replications. Cd concentrations increased in leaves, bark, and roots at Cd treatments, whereas Cd + SNP applications had alleviative effects on Cd exposures, except for leaves. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylla,b,a + band carotenoids) reduced with Cd treatments in leaves, while they increased in Cd + SNP applications. Similarly, plant biomass was reduced with Cd treatments, but Cd + SNP application prevented these reductions. SNP also alleviated malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in leaves under Cd treatments. Catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activities were also affected by Cd and Cd + SNP applications. Cd exposure also decreased Zn2+, Fe2+and Mn2+levels in leaves, bark and roots, while it increased Cu2+level in leaves and roots. This study concludes that Cd toxicity caused a reduction of plant growth and mineral nutrition parameters. However, SNP indicates great potentials for improving the growth under Cd toxicity inP. nigra.
Nectar and pollen production of Helianthus tuberosus L. – an exotic plant with invasiveness potential
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Tymoszuk Karolina , Dmitruk Marta
Published: August 2019

In Central Europe,Helianthus tuberosusL. is a late summer/autumn bloomer (August/November). The disc florets produce both nectar and pollen. Floral reward is available in male-phase flowers (pollen and nectar) and in female-phase flowers (nectar). The floral reward is attractive to a variety of insect visitors (honey bees, wasps, flies and butterflies). The season of blooming as well as the total sugar yield (25.4 – 47.4 kg ha−1) and pollen yield (57.8 – 212.7 kg ha−1) indicate thatH. tuberosusis important in the enhancement of food resources for pollinators. The generative reproduction inH. tuberosusis impaired (the species does not set seeds/fruits). However, due to its attractiveness for a variety of pollinators in both rural and urban areas, the spread ofH. tuberosusshould be monitored. Moreover, its propagation needs to be attended with restrictions.
Variation in morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of two Eucalyptus species under short-term water stress
Authors: Amrutha Sivanantham , Parveen Abdul Bari Muneera , Muthupandi Muthusamy , Sivakumar Veerasamy , Nautiyal Raman , Ghosh Dasgupta Modhumita
Published: August 2019

The genus Eucalyptus occurs in a wide range of environmental conditions, including rainforests, subal-pine, arid/semi-arid and moist temperate zones. It includes species with the capacity to cope with extremely low water potential. This study aims to screen water stress tolerance in two Eucalyptus species under nursery conditions. Inter-specific variation in morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters in two Eucalyptus species (E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis) with contrasting levels of tolerance to progressive short term water-deprived condition was evaluated. Water stress reduced growth measured in terms of root:shoot ratio and specific leaf area (SLA), photosynthetic parameters, leaf water potential and relative water content (RWC) in both genotypes. Biochemical parameters including total sugars, phenol, phytohormones (indole acetic acid and abscisic acid) and proline were found to significantly increase during stress in both genotypes. Water responsive transcripts like osmotin and DREB/CBF registered significant expression variation in the two genotypes, suggesting their key role in regulating water stress tolerance in Eucalyptus.
Agricultural Soil and Agricultural Land – Problems and Challenges from the View of Legal Regulation
Authors: Illáš Martin
Published: August 2019

At present, the issue of agricultural land protection resonates in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Individual approaches to the subject are in line with the relevant field, but the basis should always be grounded in the current legislation. The paper is a technical description focused on identification of the basic terms, relations, problems, goals and challenges and possible legal or legislative solutions of the physical protection of the agricultural soil and the legal protection of the agricultural land as an object of legal relations in the Slovak Republic. Achievement the goals and their legal realisation is possible only if certain legal obstacles are resolved on the national level and level of European Union. This paper represents a basic analysis, which can possibly serve as a support for an attempt to resolve the defined problems by the legislative means.
The Notion of the European Union Trademark
Authors: Lazíková Jarmila
Published: August 2019

The EU trademark law has recorded the important changes in the last years. The Community trademark in the past and the EU trademark at the present have become very popular legal measures not only in the EU Member States but also in the third countries. Its preferences are increasing year to year. The EU trademark may consist of a sign that fulfils two main attributes. Firstly, there is a distinctive character. Secondly, there is a capability of being represented on the Register of the EU trademarks. The second attribute is new and replaced the previous attribute - capability of being represented graphically. The interpretation of the above mentioned attributes is not possible without the judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It is necessary to take into account the kind of trademark, list of the goods and services, which should be signed by the trademark, and its perception by the public. The paper includes the main judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union related to the interpretation of the sign that may be registered as the EU trademark. They are very helpful in the application practice of the European Union Intellectual Property Office and the national offices of the intellectual property as well.
Rural Landscape Development Policy in Poland – Some Aspects of Sustainability
Authors: Mosiej Józef
Published: August 2019

In the recent years, when it comes to topics concerning rural areas and agriculture, sustainability has become a key term resonating in the political, economical, social and environmental discussions. These issues are discussed across the globe and Poland is not an exception. There are many features that have impact on sustainability. Among others it is situation in agricultural production, employment in agriculture, access to the land and situation at the land market, aspects of the environmental protection or the administrative structure of the country. Therefore, the main objective of the presented paper is to a comprehensive summary of different aspects influencing rural development in Poland with an emphasis on sustainability. Based on the conducted analysis it can be stated that even though many positive changes have been implemented in the Polish reality, there are still many issues with need to be urgently addressed.
Structural and thermal properties of Zn-containing magnesium aluminate spinels obtained by wet chemical method
Authors: Kaygili Omer , Bulut Niyazi , Ates Tankut , Ercan Ismail , Koytepe Suleyman , Seckin Turgay , Tatar Cengiz , Gunduz Bayram , Kebiroglu Hanifi
Published: August 2019

In the present study, the dopant effect of Zn on the crystal structure, thermal properties and morphology of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel (MAS) structure was investigated. A pure and two Zn-containing MASs (e.g. MgAl1.93Zn0.07O4 and MgAl1.86Zn0.14O4) were synthesized for this purpose via a wet chemical method, and the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the crystal structure, thermal properties and morphology of the MAS system change with the increase in the amount of Zn. MgO phase formation was observed. The values of the lattice parameter, unit cell volume and crystallite size increased, and the crystallinity percentage decreased. The morphology was also affected by adding of Zn.
Iraq and the international and regional environment Read the challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Karim
Published: August 2019

The international and regional changes that the world and the Especially the Arab region, are still continuing, from the demise of old regimes and the replacement of new regimes with increasing anarchy and instability, such as the war on Yemen and the regional and international conflict in Syria, between countries that support change in political regimes and others opposed to this,  Which is clearly defined and orientations according to international interests. The problem that is discussed in the research is the following questions: What is the location of Iraq in the midst of these challenges? Can Iraq, with these contradictions and internal crises, face these regional and international challenges?  Through our study, We came out with a result That is "we must work to consolidate the relations between the regional neighboring countries, especially with the international parties that are friendly to both Iraq and neighboring countries, as with the United States of America, which can achieve politically, economically, military and security support to achieve national goals and interests, The Iraqi foreign policy-makers  must try to determine what are the most important challenges facing the regional environment and work to confront them individually or cooperatively with the friendly countries and reach the Iraqi interest".
Impact of monetary policy on economic growth in developing countries for 1990-2015 (Malaysia model)
Authors: Awad Fadhel Jawid
Published: August 2019

Monetary policy is an important part in the general economic policy, most countries seek various economic doctrines to make the tools of monetary policy leads compatible with its objectives, including economic policy and the adequacy of work to do so.  The economic growth highlights the importance of a key indicator of economic activity in the country and whether it was in favor of the recession or prosperity and that the basic outcome of the development process, it is important that the study of the effect of monetary policy in the economic growth achieved.

Perceived from the facts that there was a relationship between the nature of the monetary policy adopted in the country and the economic growth achieved by it, the core of the problem of research is the following question: is there an effect of monetary policy in the growth performance and the nature of the impact, if any.

            In the same subject, Malaysia is one of those states that seek to achieve development and economic growth. And there is a strong correlation between the success of monetary policy in the use of tools to achieve its objectives on the one hand and between economic growth and development, on the other.
Political elite and peacebuilding mechanisms in post-conflict societies
Authors: Mohammed Walied Salim
Published: August 2019

The research discusses the mechanisms that could change fragile peace, achieved after conflict in unstable societies, into sustainable one. This process will not be achieved if the political elite doesn't have a sufficient political and social consciousness that enables it to manage conflict and transfer it into peace, consequently, seeking to promote peace foundations through adopting two types of strategies. First, short-range strategies, related to transitional justice, tolerance, reconciliation, and compensation. Second, long-range strategies, related to re-engineering political culture of society and achieving socio-economic development, besides the integration among different groups, a matter that means dedicating and sustaining peace.
The position of the State in the international system from the perspective of major schools of thought in international relations
Authors: Mohammed Salah Hassan , Al-Mawla Mahaa Ahmed
Published: August 2019

The Study is based on the state as one of the main pillars in international politics. In additions, it tackles its position in the international order from the major schools perspectives in international relations, Especially, these schools differ in the status and priorities of the state according to its priorities, also, each scholar has a different point of view. The research is dedicated to providing a future vision of the state's position in the international order in which based on the vision of the major schools in international relations.
The cornerstone of creative chaos and the US strategic shift after 9/11
Authors: Mohamed Salman Khairi , Gerow Eyad Mudhe
Published: August 2019

Researchers are increasingly interested in the creative chaos produced by American strategic thinking, especially after the official disclosure by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in 2005 that the theory of creative chaos has become a priority of US foreign policy in dealing with critical issues in the Middle East. And Iraq to achieve the goals and interests of the United States and to ensure the need for the requirements of imperial construction without taking into account the material and human costs for the purpose of substantive content reveals the secret link between the religious values on which the American society since His first concern is the American political and strategic orientation, which is characterized by its religious character
The American Vision on the Settlement of the Arab (Israeli) Conflict Under President Trump Administration
Authors: Mahmoud Dhamie Abdul Razzaq
Published: August 2019

Successive US administrations have presented themselves as sponsors of the peace process in the Middle East and the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, although they are not impartial from the parties to the conflict because they enjoy excellent strategic relations with Israel and maintain the level of the relationship of the constants of its foreign policy. The main factor in most of the American settlement projects is based on the basis of a two-state solution, while the Trump administration distinguished itself from its predecessors by proposing a conflict resolution project based on To the basis of a single Jewish state and the deal of the century as a mechanism to achieve this, which corresponds to the Israeli concept of peace at the current stage.
The foundations of peaceful coexistence after the war ... Mosul is a model
Authors: Thanon Omar Hashim
Published: August 2019

Since peaceful coexistence reflects in its various aspects the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations, as well as their attitudes and ideas, what brings together these are the common bonds such as land, interests and common destiny. But this coexistence is exposing for crises and instability and the theft of rights and other that destroy the communities with their different religious, national, sectarian, ethnic aspects, especially if these led to a crisis of fighting or war, which produces only destruction and mass displacement, ttherefore, the process of bridging the gap between the different parts of society in the post-war phase through a set of requirements that serve as the basis for the promotion of peaceful coexistence within the same country to consolidate civil and community peace in order to create a general framework and a coherent basis to reconstruct the community again.

     Hence the premise of the research by asking about the extent of the possibility and ability of the community of religious and ethnic diversity, which has been exposed to these crises, which aimed at this diversity, basically to be able to rise and re-integrate within the same country and thus achieve civil and community peace, and Mosul is an example for that, the negative effects of the war and the accomplices of many criminal acts have given rise to hatred and fear for all, leading to the loss of livelihoods, which in the long term may have devastating social and psychological consequences.

       To clarify all of this, the title of the first topic was a review of the concept and origin of peaceful coexistence. While the second topic dealt with the requirements of peaceful coexistence and social integration in Mosul, the last topic has identified the most important challenges facing the processes of coexistence and integration in Mosul. All this in order to paint a better future for the conductor at all levels in the near term at the very least to achieve the values of this peaceful coexistence, especially in the post-war period.
Methods of Countering Cyber Recruitment (Iraq Model)
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Ali Hind Mohammed
Published: August 2019

Connecting to the  electronic information network (internet) became the most characteristic that distinguish this era However , the long hours which young men daily spend on the internet On the other hand ,there are many people who are waiting for the chance to talk and convince them with their views This will lead the young people to be part in the project of the “cyber armies “that involved with states and terrorist organizations

 This project has been able  to recruitment hundreds of people every day to work in its rank . It is very difficult to control these websites because we can see the terrorist presence in all its forms in the internet   In addition there are many incubation environments that feed in particular the young people minds                                                                                        

Because they are suffering from the lack of social justice Also the unemployment, deprivation , social and political repression So , that terrorist organizations can attract young people through the internet by convincing them to their views and ideas . So these organizations will enable to be more  stronger.
The role of summit diplomacy in the peaceful settlement of disputes
Authors: Abdul Razzaq Al Dabbagh Younes Talaat
Published: August 2019

The summit diplomacy, which takes place at the level of the kings and presidents of the world, and at the level of the people who hold the highest political post in the state, is today a prominent feature of contemporary diplomacy. It is the distinctive character of a new and different world order based on interdependence, interdependence, integration and intertwining. The world became like a small cosmopolitan village, and because of this interdependence and diplomacy, the summit diplomacy flourished and expanded its scope of work, in a way that contributed effectively to the containment of crises and to the alleviation of conflicts between the units of the global system. Whatever dispute, by opening diplomatic horizons targeted at all levels, whether political, economic or scientific or military.
The Iraqi State and the challenges it faces after the 2018 elections
Authors: Ahmied Hazem Sabah
Published: August 2019

That the challenges faced by the Iraqi state since its inception were significant and influential challenges at different levels, whether political, economic, social or cultural, and it was necessary to find solutions and treatments for those challenges in order to reach a state of political stability, albeit limited, that the stages experienced by the Iraqi state Complex stages and the nature of successive political regimes were seeking to pass those stages in all ways, but the year 2003 as a state of change and transformation affected one way or another on the Iraqi state as a whole, and represented the post-2018 state of the situation to stand up to those challenges and the status of The foundations needed to be studied and evaluated realistically
Appraisal of Risk Factors which Influence the Construction of the School Buildings in Northern Iraq
Authors: Wali Khalil Ismail , Saber Nazik Imad
Published: August 2019

Construction projects have a unique nature which takes the high risk due to many interrelated parameters. This study aims to investigate and assess the influence of the risk factors that occurred during the lifecycle of a school project which comprises the design phases, implementation and operation and maintenance. In addition to examining the effects of the internal and external risk factors that contributed by the school's construction, in order to avoid the risk occurrence during the lifecycle of the projects. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a number of engineers in the Governmental Sectors (School buildings sector, Kirkuk Governorate sector, and Municipal sector in Kirkuk Government and Buildings sector in Erbil Governorate) in northern Iraq. The collected data which were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII) and matrix analysis to prioritize the project risks. The analysis results were revealed that the most significant risk factors in the school’s project lifecycle and construction were providing a proper water supply and storage system to maintain a continuous good quality of water, incompetent contractors and sub-contractors for completing school buildings, using proper construction materials to avoid cracks in the building, lack of safety in project site, keep the toilets clean to avoid diseases, and providing an emergency exits were considered the most significant risk factors in construction of school buildings.
The Performance Prediction of The Mixed Convection In an Inclined Circular Tube Filled Porous Media Based on an Intelligent Control
Authors: Weis Musa Mustafa
Published: August 2019

The porous media has a significant impact on the heat transfer and storage properties. The present study focuses on the heat transfer of the mixed convection through a circular tube that filled with a porous media at different angles using a neural network. An experiment had been performed for the Rayleigh number range from 108.54 to 907.73 and the Peclet number range 30.3.-510 using three tests for the heat flux. The result shows the mean relative error about 7.913% and the coloration coefficient (R2) Is 99.18% for the train data. The mean relative error about 6.641% and the R2 is 99.46%, for the test data. The results showed that effectiveness of ANN in the predicted thermal performance in thermal engineering applications such as heat transfer modeling using porous media with airflow.
Strength of Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Hollow Beams
Authors: Abdulrahman Mazin B. , Mahmood Saba Muayad
Published: August 2019

The main objective of this research is to investigate the structural behavior and strength of reinforced reactive powder concrete beams with a hollow section subjected under two point concentrated loading. The experimental work consist of ten beams with dimensions (150mm width×200mm height×1000 mm length), eight of them are hollow beams and two solid beams were cast and tested up to failure. The major parameters adopted in the current research includes the hollowness ratio (10% and15%), hollow location (at top or at bottom), and hollow shape (circle or square). The amount of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, concrete strength and the other parameters were kept constant for all the specimens. The comparisons between all specimens (hollow and solid) are based on the load carrying capacity, deflection, crack pattern and mode of failures. Results showed that the strength capacity of hollow beam when the hollow lies in the bottom is much higher than for top hollow, and the square hollow will lead to more decrease in the beam strength compared with the circular hollow and this is more evident when the hollowness ratio increases from (10% to 15%).
Crude Oil Desalting Using Multi-Surfactant Based on a Best Dosage, Solvent and Mixing Ratio
Authors: Khalaf Ali Hussein , Rajab Mohammed Salah
Published: August 2019

Crude oil desalting is the first processing step in a refinery. The objectives of crude desalting are the removal of salts, solids, and the formation of water from unrefined crude oil before the crude is introduced in the crude distillation unit of the refinery. The experimental work is divided into three schemes covering the effect of surfactant dosage, test different types of surfactants, and the effect of salt content on desalting efficiency. The results show that the crude oil desalting efficiency, increased with increasing surfactant quantity. The results indicate that desalting efficiency has lowered with increasing the salt content in crude oil. Also, the results show that the best solvent was toluene, and the best mixing ratio of solvent was 10 Vol. %.