bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Phytochemical Contents of Various Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars of Bihar
Authors: Kumari Varsha , Kumar Birendra , Sinha Navneet , Sharma Shivadhar
Published: February 2021

Mangoes are naturally very rich subtropical fruit with unique flavor, fragrance, taste and health promoting compounds like phytochemicals which consists of carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, nitrogen containing compounds and organo sulphur. Out of which carotenoids and phenolic are most important healthy ingredients. The different cultivars popularly available in Bihar are – Amrapali, Maldah, Jardalu and Sinduri. Amrapali and Maldah cultivars are very popular in North Bihar as well as Central Bihar while Jardalu is famous particularly in Bhagalpur (Vikramshila region). Sinduri cultivar of mango is common in South Bihar. All the four cultivars of mango were collected and investigated for carotenoids, phenolics, reducing sugar and other parameters in the peels and pulps of green mature (GM) stage and fully ripe (FR) stages of all the cultivars. Carotenoids contents and phenolic contents in all the four cultivars of mangoes were analyzed by solvent extraction method followed by spectrophotometric method. Among the different mango cultivars Amrapali contains the highest amount of carotenoids which is about 27 mg/100g followed by Maldah containing about 22.34 mg/100g. Jardalu and Sinduri cultivars contains 20.45 mg/100g and 21.67 mg/100g respectively. With respect to total phenolic again Amrapali cultivar is found to be the richest with 78mg GAE/100g in its peel. Maldah and Jardalu have almost the same content of phenolics with 40; 44 mg GAE/100 g and 300; 305.49 mg GAE/100g of their pulp and peels respectively. The Sinduri cultivar has been found to possess the lowest content of total phenolics with 30.29 mg GAE/100 g and 269.85 mg GAE/100 g of its pulp and peels respectively. For all the cultivars peels were found with greater contents of phenolics than that of pulp but for Amrapali and Maldah the carotenoids content were found less in their peels than their pulp, but for the rest two varieties the carotenoids content is slightly greater in peels than pulp.
Implementation of Gaussian Process Regression in Estimating Motor Vehicle Insurance Claims Reserves
Authors: Suwandani Ria Novita , Purwono Yogo
Published: February 2021

This study aims to calculate the allowance for losses by applying Gaussian Process regression to estimate future claims. Modeling is done on motor vehicle insurance data. The data used in this study are historical data on PT XYZ's motor vehicle insurance business line during 2017 and 2019 (January 2017 to December 2019). Data analysis will be carried out on the 2017 - 2019 data to obtain an estimate of the claim reserves in the following year, namely 2018 - 2020. This study uses the Chain Ladder method which is the most popular loss reserving method in theory and practice. The estimation results show that the Gaussian Process Regression method is very flexible and can be applied without much adjustment. These results were also compared with the Chain Ladder method. Estimated claim reserves for PT XYZ's motor vehicle business line using the chain-ladder method, the company must provide funds for 2017 of 8,997,979,222 IDR in 2018 16,194,503,605 IDR in 2019 amounting to Rp. 1,719,764,520 for backup. Meanwhile, by using the Bayessian Gaussian Process method, the company must provide funds for 2017 of 9,060,965,077 IDR in 2018 amounting to 16,307,865,130 IDR, and in 2019 1,731,802,871 IDR for backup. The more conservative Bayessian Gaussian Process method. Motor vehicle insurance data has a short development time (claims occur) so that it is included in the short-tail type of business.
Győztes vagy vesztes? : Oroszország első világháborús részvételének problematikája és a béketárgyalásokról való kiszorulásának magyarázata
Authors: Gecse Géza
Published: February 2021

Az antant szövetségeseként Oroszország egészen 1917-ig nagy erőkkel vett részt az első világháborúban, ám az ország központi területei felett az év novemberében hatalmat szerzett bolsevikok Breszt-Litovszkban 1918. március 3-án kényszerűségből különbékét kötöttek a központi hatalmakkal. Az ellenük harcoló orosz ellenforradalmi erők többsége továbbra is az antant szövetségesének tekintette magát, de 1918 szeptemberében már a bolsevik Oroszország is semmisnek tekintette a békeszerződést, mivel az Oszmán Birodalom Baku térségében támadást indított ellene. Az osztrák–magyar–olasz, majd a német–francia fegyverszünet megkötését követően az Összoroszországi Központi Végrehajtó Bizottság 1918. november 13-án hivatalosan is bejelentette, hogy a békeszerződés érvényét vesztette. A nagyhatalmak között volt olyan, amelyik hajlott volna arra, hogy Oroszországot is meghívják a versailles-i tárgyalásokra, illetve azok előkészítésére. Meg is hívták 1919. február 15-ére, a Konstantinápoly Márvány-tengernél lévő bejáratánál elhelyezkedő Herceg-szigetekre az összes orosz politikai erőt. Az ország azonban végül mégsem vehetett részt a Párizs környékén zajlott béketárgyalások egyikén sem: így sem Versailles-ban, sem Trianonban nem voltak ott a képviselői – annak ellenére, hogy a polgári erőket képviselő orosz küldöttség 1918 végétől élénk diplomáciai tevékenységet fejtett ki Párizsban.
Magyar vállalatok külföldi tőkeberuházásai: helyzetkép és a továbblépés lehetőségei
Authors: Endrődi-Kovács Viktória , Goreczky Péter
Published: February 2021

A közelmúltban a külgazdasági törekvések között egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kaptak a hazai vállalatok tőkekihelyezései. A jelen tanulmány célja annak a vizsgálata, hogy hol tart Magyarország a tőkekihelyezővé válás folyamatában, és milyen kilátásai vannak az új külgazdasági prioritás megvalósítására. A tanulmány elkészítése során a módszertani eszközök közül a szekunder adatok elemzésével, illetve tőkekihelyező magyar vállalatokkal készített interjúkon alapuló esettanulmányokkal éltünk. A fő konklúziónk, hogy hazánk a beruházási fejlődési modell 3. szakaszának az elején tart, ami azt jelenti, hogy az állami támogatásoknak fontos szerepük van a továbblépésben. A hazai vállalatok kifelé irányuló közvetlen tőkebefektetéseinek (OFDI) a motivációi sokrétűek, a legnagyobb akadályukat viszont jellemzően az információ, illetve a helyismeret hiánya jelenti. Az előrelépéshez az állam elsődlegesen azzal tud hozzájárulni, ha támogató környezetet teremt a magyar cégek nemzetköziesedéséhez. A tanulmány fő értéke az elvégzett primer kutatás, illetve a kiválasztott téma, amelyről eddig csak kevés hazai elemzés született.
A mélypontra sodródott kínai-magyar kapcsolatok (1960-1976)
Authors: Wang Qiuping
Published: February 2021

Az 1960 és 1976 közötti időszak a kínai–magyar kétoldalú kapcsolatokban különleges időszak volt, amely a diplomáciai kapcsolatok felvételét követő tízéves politikai barátságot követte, illetve megelőzte a 1980-as évek főleg gazdasági célokat szolgáló barátságát. A kutatást megalapozó források hiánya miatt azonban ezzel a korszakkal kevesen foglalkoznak. A jelen tanulmányban a kínai–magyar elhidegülésre koncentrálva, a levéltári iratok és az érintettekkel készített mélyinterjúk alapján próbálom meg kínai oldalról feltárni, hogy miként alakultak az 1960–1976 közötti kínai–magyar kapcsolatok, milyen nemzetközi és belső tényezők voltak hatással azok fejlődésére, milyen szerepet játszott Kína a viszony romlásában, és milyen erőfeszítéseket tett a javításukra.
Neokolonizációs törekvések az EU–afrikai kapcsolatokban?
Authors: Czirják Ráhel
Published: February 2021

E tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy van-e valós alapja a manapság a sajtóban és a szakirodalomban is sokat tárgyalt „Afrika újragyarmatosítása” narratívának az Európai Unió és Afrika gazdasági kapcsolatai tekintetében. A neokolonizáció elmélete értelmében annak következményeként aszimmetrikus gazdasági relációk, gazdasági alávetettség jön létre. Amennyiben ez az aszimmetria fennáll a két térség kereskedelmi kapcsolataiban – mint a függőségi viszonyokat jól tükröző, hagyományos vizsgálati eszközben –, akkor már van létjogosultsága a neokolonizáció tényleges megvalósulásának a további vizsgálatára. A jelen tanulmány szerzője úgy találta, hogy Afrika gazdasági alávetettsége nem ért véget a dekolonizációval. A gyarmatosítással létrehozott szerepköre a politikai függetlenedése után sem változott, így az EU-val is egyfajta újragyarmatosításra jellemző aszimmetrikus gazdasági kapcsolatok állnak fenn, aminek a végeredménye Afrika gazdasági alávetettsége, ennek következtében a gazdasági és társadalmi fejlődésének a korlátozott volta.
Manajemen Kelas Unggulan di MTS Negeri 3 Pemalang
Authors: Azkiyani Rahmatun Nida , Wiyani Novan Ardy , Sahnan Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe about superior class management in MTs Negeri 3 Pemalang. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenological research. Information on research subjects was obtained through interviews, observations and documentation of the Head Master of MTs 3 Pemalang, vice principal of curriculum, vice principal in student affairs, excellent class teachers, and superior class students. While the data analysis technic used consists of data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study, that the superior class of MTs Negeri 3 Pemalang has been implemented optimally is characterized by the formulation of the objectives of the superior class compiled by a team consisting of the Principal, the Board of Teachers along with a superior class tutor. The formulation of superior class regulations is carried out carefully by involving important elements in the school namely the headmaster of the madrasa, all teachers, counceling teachers, and committees. The development of superior classroom learning services is characterized by learning approaches, learning methods, learning media, learning tools and solutions to overcome obstacles in implementing learning. The development of excellent class facilities and infrastructure is marked by the planning and analysis of needs, procurement of facilities and infrastructure, maintenance of facilities and infrastructure and solutions to overcome the management of superior class infrastructure. The development of superior class teachers is characterized by recruitment, coaching and training as well as providing solutions to overcome obstacles in the implementation of competency of superior class teachers. Supervision of superior class management is marked by the supervision of learning tools by the School Principal.
Nilai Strategis dalam Meningkatkan Competitive Value Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Swasta di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Prasetyo Muhammad Anggung Manumanoso , Sukatin Sukatin
Published: February 2021

The research aims to increase the competing advantages of colleges in Jambi Province, Indonesia, through cooperation between Islamic colleges. The study introduced a model of organizational culture as a strategic value in creating an effective college governance system. Qualitative-type research by descriptive survey methods. In total, 3 rectors and 24 lecturers were interviewed, participated in focused group discussions, and observed. The results of the study showed that the increase in the competing excellence of Islamic colleges in Jambi consisted of increasing the value chain (value chain), which divided the organization into the various activities it was executing in designing, innovation of educational activities, program marketing, and achievements that educational output demonstrated. In addition, effective Organizational Culture became a critical success factor in teaching learning activities in classes as well as in roles as well as in school service. The research makes an important contribution to Islamic educational institutions in competitive college management models that have several stages namely: necessity analysis, planning design, implementation and development evaluation. The proposed model can be made a reference to policy amplifiers in order to increase the quality of higher education nationwide.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nursyidah Nursyidah
Published: February 2021

The jigsaw type of cooperative learning model is one type of cooperative learning that is appropriate for the subject of history, material development of Islamic religion and culture in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes and activities by applying the type of jigsaw cooperative learning model on the development of Islamic culture and religion in Indonesia in Class XI-1A2 SMA Negeri 1 Montasik, Montasik District, Aceh Besar District. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The CAR procedure is carried out in a cycle and with stages of planning, observation, and reflection. The subjects in this study were all students of class XI-1A2 SMA Negeri 1 Montasik which included 24 students consisting of 11 boys and 13 girls. Data learning techniques through observation and student learning tests. Data analysis was carried out by means of qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the learning outcomes of students in pre-cycle classics were 50%, in cycle I increased to 75% and in cycle II also increased to 91.7%. The ability of the teacher in the learning organization in the first cycle was quite good, namely 3.4 and increased in the second cycle to be very good, namely 4.6. Student activity in the first cycle was classified as 3,2. Then in cycle II it increased and was classified as good, namely 4.3. This can indicate that student learning outcomes on the material of the development of religion and Islamic culture in Indonesia can be increased by applying the jigsaw cooperative learning model in class XI-1A2 SMA Negeri 1 Montasik, Aceh Besar District.
Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran melalui Bimbingan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Zuhri Zuhri
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve the competence of teachers in compiling a Learning Implementation Plan through continuous guidance at MIN 44 Alue Rindang District Lembah Seulawah District Aceh Besar District. This research is a School Action Research (SAR) using an action research design that includes planning, taking action, observing, and reflecting. The subjects in this PTS were all teachers of MIN 44 Alue Rindang, Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar District, totaling 8 teachers. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the average competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans in the first cycle was 69% and 83% in the second cycle. Teacher competence in preparing lesson plans has increased, namely an increase of 14% from cycle I. It can be concluded that the competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans can be increased through continuous guidance.
RADICAL STERNO- COSTAL RESECTION OF SKIN TUMOR AND IMMEDIATE RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gargadi S. I , Aghaji M
Published: February 2021

Purpose: We managed a 30 years old male Albino with Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Sternum with local deep invasion to the Pleura with the aim of offering a cure.Methodology: Information of the patient from the medical records showed a 30-year-old Albino (Fitzpatrick Skin type I) who was exposed to tropical sun rays for about three decades before presenting with 1-year history of locally advanced sternal skin basal cell carcinoma. This was resected five times in another teaching hospital, but the fungating lesion recurred locally after each attempted local wide excision.Result: He was found to have 18cm x 22cm malignant ulcer which penetrate over the manubrium and middle of the sternum. It also extended bilaterally to cover the anterior ribs and costochondral joints though his general condition was stable.Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: After detailed investigations and obtaining an informed consent, he had a radical en-bloc resection of the tumor: including the involved sternum and the affected anterior part of the affected pleura. Full thickness reconstruction of the anterior chest wall was done with marlex methacrylate mesh and steel wire support, obliteration of dead space, soft tissue cover with latissimus dorsi pedicle musculocutaneous flap with satisfactory outcome. The use of Stainless wires in our chest reconstruction provided a simpler and cheaper alternative to the use of advanced Tridimensional titanium printed custom made prosthesis, and less morbidity to alternative use of autologous ribs.
Diseño de una bebida potencialmente funcional de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) con tumeric (Cúrcuma longa Linn)
Authors: Matute Castro Nubia Lisbeth
Published: February 2021

Se ha diseñado, evaluado y optimizado un jugo de tomate potencialmente funcional de alto valor biológico usando la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) como agente antioxidante. La formulación del producto seleccionado se preparó en una escala piloto. A partir de las valoraciones sensoriales y análisis fisicoquímicos se ha obtenido la formulación óptima del concentrado de tomate (18 a 20 ° Brix) 07.05 a 08.03%, azúcar refinado 2,5%, sal 0,8%, 0.088% de goma xantana, cúrcuma en polvo deshidratado (7% de humedad) y 0.066 de agua. El contenido en fenol del producto envasado en vidrio fue de 171,4 mg de ácido/L gálico y la capacidad antioxidante fue de 1.187,0 µM Fe2+.
Between Love and Hate : Thomas Scott’s Puritan Propaganda and His Interest in Spanish Culture
Authors: Oyarbide Magaña Ernesto E.
Published: February 2021

In 1612 Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, first count of Gondomar, was appointed Spanish ambassador to London, where he proved essential for the fostering of Anglo-Spanish relations and promoted the marriage negotiations between the Prince of Wales and the Spanish Infanta. However, when in 1623 these negotiations failed, popular animosity reached a high point. This chapter focuses on some of the most poignant anti-Spanish propaganda produced against Gondomar by the Protestant preacher Thomas Scott (d. 1626). [...] Nonetheless, premodern propaganda did not lack interpretative complexity. Behind the hateful disparagements, a dash of admiration for Sarmiento’s diplomacy is tangible. Moreover, one can also appreciate Scott engaging with Spanish culture.
Spanish Politicking in British Periodical Reviews, 1808-1814
Authors: Valladares Susan
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the imbrication of literary and political ideologies that rendered periodical reviews such as the Edinburgh Review and Quarterly Review powerful – if combative – organs of political opinion during the Peninsular War. Covering the period 1808 (the year of the Anglo-Spanish alliance against Napoleon) to 1814 (the first year of Ferdinand VII’s post-war regime), it explores the tensions inherent in acts of both prophetizing and memorializing the outcomes of the war, and how rival reviewers negotiated inherited and newly forged narratives of Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia. It also examines the political and aesthetic threats levelled against the Edinburgh by Robert Southey’s Carmen Triumphale (1814), and asks to what extent periodical reviews afforded a unique medium for shaping the unstable discourse of Anglo-Spanish prejudices and sympathies advanced during the Peninsular War.
Historical Fiction, Cultural Transfer and the Recycling of the Black Legend between the Low Countries and Britain: A Nineteenth-Century Case Study
Authors: Ingelbien Raphaël
Published: February 2021

This chapter compares Henri Moke’s Le Gueux de Mer (1827) and Thomas Colley Grattan’s The Heiress of Bruges (1830), two historical novels set at the time of the Dutch Revolt and written in the final years of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The comparison provides insights into the respective priorities of British and ‘Netherlandic’ writers who dealt in images of Spain in the early nineteenth century. Beyond some clear differences in the ideological urgency of their work, the authors’ liberal politics, their sympathy towards Catholicism and the influence of Romantic Orientalism create important nuances in their versions of the Black Legend, which are ultimately denunciations of bigotry and tyranny rather than expressions of wholesale Hispanophobia.
Ignacio Ellacuría y la dialéctica
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 68, No. 732, 2013: 35-53.
Caracterización objetiva de la brecha aéreo-ósea con Potenciales Evocados Auditivos de Estado Estable en pacientes con hipoacusia conductiva
Authors: Hernández Cordero María del Carmen , Quintero Noa Julianis , Feria Rodríguez Mabel , Leyva Medrano Liliam , Acosta Ymas Yanely , Alonso Rodríguez Ileana
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La diferencia entre la vía aérea y ósea constituye un elemento fundamental para el diagnóstico diferencial de la hipoacusia. Su evaluación con los Potenciales Evocados Auditivos es muy importante para la caracterización de la pérdida auditiva en el niño, no lográndose describir hasta el momento actual un método objetivo que permita obtener resultados confiables en pediatría.
Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad de los Potenciales Evocados Auditivos de Estado Estable en la caracterización objetiva de la brecha aéreo-ósea en pacientes pediátricos con hipoacusia de transmisión.
Método: Para esta investigación se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en 11 niños audición normal (G1=15 oídos) y 14 pacientes con hipoacusia conductiva (G2=15 oídos). Se realizaron estudios audiométricos conductuales y electrofisiológicos (potenciales de estado estable).
Resultados: Las diferencias entre los resultados conductuales y electrofisiológicos, mostraron valores similares en los 2 grupos explorados (G1: 2-3 dB; G2 0-4 dB), obteniéndose un valor de correlación de 0.94 en el análisis global.
Conclusión: La audiometría mediante potenciales evocados auditivos de estado estable a múltiples frecuencias, reporta científicamente un importante método audiológico objetivo que permite la caracterización de la brecha aéreo-ósea con la cual se pueden diferenciar los distintos tipos de hipoacusia en el niño.
application of a humanistic approach to health care and education
Authors: Humaira Biruny Diesmy , Salsabila Izdiharmada
Published: February 2021

The humanistic approach tries to see human life as humans themselves see their life. Humanistsare more likely to hold an optimistic perspective on human nature. In the development of his theory, humanistic psychology is very concerned about the human dimension in the relationship with the environment humanely by focusing on individual freedom to express opinions and make choices, values, personal responsibility, autonomy, purpose, and meaning. This study uses a systematic literature review method by identifying, assessing, and interpreting all findings on a research topic, to answer research questions. The humanistic approach emphasizes the importance of individual life by not seeing the negative side of the individual and helps individuals increase their potential even in crises so that individuals can actualize themselves.
Influence of Devolution and Politics on Expansion Strategies in Public Training Institutions: A Case Study of Kenya Medical Training College
Authors: Kimwetich Daniel K. , Musango Paul Chandoo
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the influence of devolution and politics on the expansion strategies in public training institutions with reference to the Kenya Medical Training College. The specific objectives of the study are to: establish the influence of devolution of health services on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions and; determine the influence of politics on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions. This study is based on the contingency theory. It adopts the descriptive survey design. The study focuses on 2393 KMTC officers from the 73 KMTC campuses in Kenya, 42 ministries of health officials in the 42 counties that have KMTC campuses, and 42 local leaders from those counties that have KMTC campuses. The total targeted study participants were thus 2477. From these, 10% (248 persons) were sampled. The study used purposive and stratified random sampling techniques to obtain the study sample. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Data from questionnaires were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and means) were used to describe the central tendencies of the data. In addition, inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis) were also used.  Data from key informants were analysed using content analysis techniques. The findings show that the two study variables influenced the uptake of expansion strategies at KMTC campuses. In this regard, Pearson correlation shows that there was statistical significant relationship between devolution of health services (r=0.322, p<0.001) and; politics (r=0.478, p<0.001) and success of expansion strategies. These findings show that politics was the strongest factor influencing the success of expansion strategies followed by devolution of health services. As such, avoiding the negative influences of the devolution of health services and politics can enhance the success of expansion strategies at KMTC. In this regard, efforts aimed at reducing political patronage as well as interferences of devolved governments in the running of KMTC campuses would enhance the performance of new campuses.
Urban Mobility Plans and Accessibility
Authors: Dejeammes Maryvonne
Published: February 2021

In France, as in other European countries, towns and cities have committed to reducing the negative effects of automobile traffic---accidents and air pollution---either by regulation or voluntarily in order to improve their inhabitants' quality of life. Creating urban transport plans (PDUs) involves favoring non-automotive travel modes---walking and cycling---as well as public transport. Investment choices and planning of corresponding facilities are an excellent opportunity for improving accessibility to the town and public transport for disabled people and those with reduced mobility. The French law of February 11, 2005 “for equality of rights and chances, participation and citizenship of disabled people” included an obligation for PDUs to include an accessibility appendix whenever they are created, changed or revised. After a short review of the new regulatory obligations for authorities responsible for public transport and cities, this paper examines how PDUs approved since 1997 have dealt with the issue of accessibility for pedestrians and users of public transport. Two examples are analyzed. The first is the PDU for the town of Mulhouse, the actual decisions made concerning highways and public transports and the lessons learned by following indications and the difficulties encountered in involving local authorities responsible for accessibility modifications. The second example is the experience of Valenciennes in creating a street accessibility plan that will form part of the revision of the PDU. These examples highlight the institutional difficulties encountered and suggest methodological elements to facilitate cooperation between the various partners concerned and agreements with disabled people’s associations.
Can measuring the benefits of accessible transport enable a seamless journey?
Authors: Maynard Alice
Published: February 2021

For disabled and older people, journeys need to be seamless – with no failures in access from origin to destination. Because the public transport environment, including walking and cycling modes, is not accessible, the use of private cars remains essential to social inclusion. Consequently, social goals relating to private car use in relation to health, environment and land-use will be harder to achieve. Greater attention needs to be paid to the detail of the “journey chain” with access consistently provided throughout, making for seamless journeys. This attention needs to be paid in all aspects of transport planning as well as delivery, including in the appraisal process. In transport projects appraisal, the costs of providing access are monetized, but not the benefits. The author undertook an experiment to value the benefits of step-free access for everyone and found significant economic benefit that enhanced the benefit:cost ratio. Until the benefits of accessible transport are properly considered for everybody across the whole planning process including appraisal, providing access will continue to be an uphill struggle and access throughout the journey chain will remain hit and miss.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Phosphorus Fertilizer Affect Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Peppermint Under Different Water Conditions
Authors: Eslami Fard Somayyeh , Yarnia Mehrdad , Farahvash Farhad , Khalilvand Behrouzyar Ebrahim , Rashidi Varahram
Published: February 2021

In order to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and phosphorus levels on photosynthetic capacity and enzyme activity in peppermint under different water conditions, an experiment was conducted during the 2017–2018 growing seasons. The experimental treatments comprised water deficiency at three levels (a1: irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from pan of Class A, a2: irrigation after 110 mm evaporation from pan of Class A, and a3: irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from pan of Class A), phosphorus fertilizer at three levels (without phosphorus fertilization, 25% recommended phosphorus amount, and 50% recommended phosphorus amount), and different mycorrhiza species (nonmycorrhizal inoculation, Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus hoi, and mixture of all three species). Results showed that water stress significantly reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and essential oil yield, but increased the stomatal resistance of peppermint. The essential oil yield of peppermint was significantly reduced by severe water deficit (a3). However, inoculation with R. intraradices, G. hoi, and a mixture of all three species under severe water deficit, increased the essential oil percentage of peppermint by 21%, 21%, and 31.5%, respectively. Application of 50% recommended phosphorus fertilizer increased the yield of essential oil by 18.9%. In addition, menthol increased by 24.1% (highest) under a3 irrigation, using 25% of the optimal dosage of phosphate fertilizer and nonmycorrhizal inoculation. The maximum catalase and peroxidase activity was obtained in the treatment of G. hoi mycorrhizal fertilizer, after application of 25% recommended dose of phosphorus fertilizer and a2 and a3 irrigation.
CLARA Review: Berg, R. & I. Kuivalainen (eds) Domus Pompeiana M. Lucretii IX 3, 5.24. The Inscriptions, Works of Art and Finds from the Old and New Excavations
Authors: Wallace-Hadrill Andrew
Published: February 2021

Twenty-five years or so have now slipped by since Piero Guzzo, then Soprintendente of the Archaeological Excavations of Pompei, called on the international community of archaeologists for help. Back then, this incomparable site showed many signs of severe neglect, and large areas were in urgent need of conservation work (more recently, the Grande Progetto Pompei has changed much of that). What made that neglect more reprehensible was the failure to publish adequately what had been excavated. Guzzo instituted a new policy of putting such resources as there were into conservation rather than new excavations, and appealed to the Italian and international academic community to help with the neglected task of study and publication. The initiative turned Pompeii into a beehive of international projects; among those who responded to the call were the Finnish scholars who had a long-standing commitment to the site. As Paavo Castrén explains in his preface, there was a long tradition in Finland going back to the philologist, Veikko Väänänen, carried forward by Heiki Solin and himself; now the University of Helsinki and Institutum Romanum Finlandiae took up the challenge.
Die Zukunft der juristischen Vorlesung nach ihrem Ende im Internet
Authors: Mehde Veith
Published: February 2021

Klassische juristische Vorlesungen sahen sich schon vor dem Online-Semester 2020 zunehmend der Konkurrenz von Internetangeboten ausgesetzt. Die Angebote scheinen geeignet zu sein, die klassische Vorlesung weitgehend zu ersetzen. Dies ist bedauerlich, für die Lehre an den Universitäten ergeben sich daraus aber auch Chancen. Allerdings wird eine Verbesserung im Vergleich zur jetzigen Situation nur eintreten können, wenn die Studierenden und die Lehrenden, aber auch die jeweiligen Dienstherren eine erhebliche Bereitschaft zur Veränderung an den Tag legen.
Digitale Klausurkorrektur per Video – Plädoyer für Neugestaltung von Korrekturdienstleistungen
Authors: McColgan Peter
Published: February 2021

Das Korrekturwesen in der Rechtswissenschaft hat in Sachen Transparenz Verbesserungspotential. In der Ausbildung ist vom bösen „Korrektor“ (oder der Korrektorin) die Rede. Das erste Mal zu Gesicht bekommt man diese Person aber erst, wenn man nach dem Examen die Seite wechselt und selbst Korrektor oder Korrektorin wird. Dieser Beitrag möchte zwei im Rahmen des coronabedingten Online-Semesters entwickelte didaktische Methoden vorstellen, die bessere Lerneffekte und größere Transparenz für die Klausurkorrektur versprechen: die Korrektur mittels Korrekturvideos sowie die Verwendung von live Klausurkorrekturen als Lehrveranstaltung.
Präsenzbegleitende Vorlesungsaufzeichnung – Chancen, Risiken und Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Aschendorff Kevin
Published: February 2021

Vorlesungsaufzeichnungen können in viererlei Weise in der Hochschullehre eingesetzt werden: als Vorbereitung der Studierenden auf die Vor­lesung, als Medium der Nachbereitung, als zusätzliches Angebot neben der Prä­senzlehre oder als vollständiger Ersatz für die Präsenzlehre. Dieser Beitrag zeigt dezidiert die Chancen und Risiken der Vorlesungsaufzeichnung auf, die ergänzend zur Präsenzlehre eingesetzt wird. Gleichwohl entsprechen die Chancen und Risiken des ergänzenden Einsatzes der Vorlesungsaufzeichnung weit­gehend denen des vorbereitenden oder substituierenden Einsatzes. Im Teil B wer­den dafür die Chancen herausgearbeitet, sodann im Teil C die Risiken und Heraus­forderungen dargestellt. Hierfür werden Erkenntnisse zur Vorlesungsaufzeichnung aus anderen Wissenschaften in den (rechts-)didaktischen Diskurs eingeführt. Unter anderen wird folgenden Fragen nachgegangen: Welche Vorteile bietet die Vorle­sungsaufzeichnung? Ist die Befürchtung unter Lehrenden, dass eine große Zahl der Studierenden nicht mehr zur Präsenzvorlesung kommt, sollten die Vorlesungen aufgezeichnet werden, berechtigt? Senkt die Vorlesungsaufzeichnung die Lernmoti­vation der Studierenden, weil das Medium Video als „einfach“ wahrgenommen wird? Worauf ist bei der Durchführung einer Vorlesungsaufzeichnung zu achten?
Es fehlt vor allem an Konzentration: Erste Erkenntnisse aus dem Corona-Semester
Authors: Schröder Daniela , Kuhli Milan
Published: February 2021

Das erste rein digitale Semester ist zu Ende und auch die kommende Vorlesungszeit wird aller Voraussicht nach einen großen Teil an digitaler Lehre beinhalten. Diese Tatsachen sind für uns Anlass genug, die gegenwärtige Lehrsituation des Sommersemesters 2020 - das sog. Corona-Semester - zu reflektieren. Um herauszufinden, wie das Emergency Remote Teaching1, also die Ad-hoc Digitalisierung von Lehre, im letzten Semester funktioniert hat, soll der vorliegende Beitrag die zentralen Erkenntnisse aus Kursevaluationen vorstellen, die im Sommersemester 2020 an der Fakultät für Rechtswissenschaft der Universität Hamburg (UHH) erhoben wurden. Konkret fand die Erhebung für die so genannten Kompaktkurse statt, einem Bestandteil des Projekts Selbstorganisation und Lernstrategien, das wiederum ein Teilprojekt des Universitätskollegs an der UHH ist. Die hier vorzustellenden Ergebnisse der genannten Evaluation legen nahe, dass fallzentrierte Online-Lehre unter anderem dann gut funktioniert, wenn sie synchron stattfindet und über ein stabiles Videokonferenz-Tool gestaltet wird, das ausreichend Raum für studentische Interaktionen bietet. Die größten Schwierigkeiten, über die die Kursteilnehmenden in der Umfrage berichten, ergeben sich aus einer fehlenden bzw. unzureichenden Konzentrationsmöglichkeit am jeweiligen heimischen Arbeitsplatz. Daher soll der Beitrag mit didaktischen Anregungen zur Konzentrationssteigerung enden, die im Rahmen des Projekts bereits erfolgreich entwickelt und erprobt wurden.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolic Re-Wiring in Acute Leukemias
Authors: J. Robinson Andrew , L. Darley Richard , Tonks Alex
Published: February 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the collective term for several oxygen containing free radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide. ROS is important in innate immunity, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and as a cell signalling molecule involved in cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and gene expression. ROS has been implicated in both hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and hematopoietic differentiation. Consequently, ROS is of considerable interest as a therapeutic target, with both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant cellular modulation being explored. Recently, it has been established that increased ROS production in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leads to increased glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming. It is often stated as a key tenet of the Warburg effect, that transformed cells, including AML, show increased aerobic glycolysis accompanied by increased cellular glucose uptake and lactate secretion. This review will summarize ROS state of the art in acute leukemia and how these reactive molecules re-wire metabolism in cancer cells. The review will focus on what are ROS? What are the sources of ROS in hematopoietic cells and their function and how this relates to the Warburg effect and regulation of metabolic pathways in acute leukemias.
Traffic Flow Analysis and Management
Authors: Tsuboi Tsutomu
Published: February 2021

This research is about joint government founded program between Japan and India or Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable development (SATREPS). The purpose of this research is to establish Low Carbon Transportation in developing countries and we choose one of major city in India, where it is Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state—west cost of India. In order to approach the target, we need to understand the current situation of traffic condition in the city. The current traffic condition in India is some chaotic because of their different driving behavior compared with the advanced countries. It is becoming the chaotic traffic condition in India by not only diving behavior during investigation of this research. The main reason of the traffic congestion comes from the unbalance between growing transportation demand and its insufficient infrastructure preparation. In this chapter, it introduces the current traffic condition based on four years monitoring of the traffic by the traffic monitoring cameras and comparison by the traffic flow theory at first. Then it introduces the new traffic analysis method especially for its traffic congestion analysis and its parameters. After the traffic congestion analysis, it summarizes conclusion and our next step from the experience.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Microwave Heating on Rock Cracking and Their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lu Gaoming , Zhou Jianjun
Published: February 2021

Due to various advantages including high efficiency, energy-saving, and having no secondary pollution (no dust or noise), the technology of microwave-induced fracturing of hard rock has been considered as a potential method for rock fracturing and breaking. Realizing microwave-assisted mechanical rock cutting using the microwave-induced hard rock fracturing technique can prolong the mechanical life and improve the efficiency of rock-breaking operations. For example, to realize microwave-assisted TBM excavation for hard rock tunnel. At present, this technology is still in the laboratory research stage. By summarizing the research results of relevant scholars in this field, this paper generalizes the mechanism of microwave heating of rock, microwave heating system, heating characteristics, and the effect of microwave heating on rock cracking and mechanical properties. Microwave heating causes microscopic cracks on the surface of the rock and microscopic cracks inside the rock. The higher the microwave power, the longer the irradiation time, the more serious the cracks propagation. Uniaxial compressive, Brazilian tensile, and point load strengths all decreased with increasing microwave irradiation time at rates that were positively related to the power level. The conventional triaxial compressive strength of basalt samples decreased linearly with microwave irradiation time, and the higher the confining pressure, the smaller the reduction in the strength of basalt samples after microwave treatment. In addition, the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of basalts decreased in a quasi-linear manner with the growth of microwave irradiation time under uniaxial compression. While microwave irradiation has a slight influence on elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio under triaxial compression. The cohesion decreases with increasing microwave irradiation time and shows an approximately linear decrease over time.
Some Methodological Aspects in Studies of Metal Nanoparticles’ Toxicity towards Cultured Cells
Authors: Mikhailovna Egorova Elena , Ibragimovich Kaba Said
Published: February 2021

Some actual questions arising in studies of the toxic effects of metal nanoparticle water solutions on cultured cells are considered. First, basic conditions required for the correct determination of nanoparticle size effect; the arguments are adduced in favor of the use of number nanoparticle concentration instead of the conventional mass one. Second, the problem of invalidity of the Smoluchowski equation; for charged nanoparticles the error in zeta potential value calculated from the measured electrophoretic mobility by the Smoluchowski equation cannot be neglected. Third, for the nanoparticles stabilized with surfactants, elucidation of the mechanism of cytotoxicity should include the determination of separate contributions of surfactant molecules and micelles into the total effect on cell viability.
Active and Intelligent Packaging of Cheese: Developments and Future Scope
Authors: Kr Deshwal Gaurav , Raju Panjagari Narender
Published: February 2021

Technological advances and changes in consumer preferences for safer food with better shelf life have led to packaging innovations like smart packaging. Smart packaging systems involve the blend of active and intelligent packaging properties. Most of the smart packaging systems in food sector are mainly focused on fish, sea, food, meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables. With cheese being the major dairy product and its market expanding exponentially, smart packaging systems for cheese are exhaustively addressed in this book chapter. Some of the smart packaging systems pertaining to cheese like antioxidant releasers, antimicrobial packaging, ripening indicator and self-cleaning rinds can hasten commercial acceptance and reliability of cheese products. This book chapter also tabulates the recent data related to production, and consumption of cheese, permitted additives, types of active and intelligent packaging systems explored for cheese and commercial suppliers of smart packaging systems. Along with, future research directions for smart packaging of cheese are also presented.
Artificial Intelligence and Bank Soundness: A Done Deal? - Part 1
Authors: Ayadurai Charmele , Joneidy Sina
Published: February 2021

Banks soundness plays a crucial role in determining economic prosperity. As such, banks are under intense scrutiny to make wise decisions that enhances bank stability. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in changing the way banks operate and service their customers. Banks are becoming more modern and relevant in people’s life as a result. The most significant contribution of AI is it provides a lifeline for bank’s survival. The chapter provides a taxonomy of bank soundness in the face of AI through the lens of CAMELS where C (Capital), A(Asset), M(Management), E(Earnings), L(Liquidity), S(Sensitivity). The taxonomy partitions opportunities from the main strand of CAMELS into distinct categories of 1 (C), 6(A), 17(M), 16 (E), 3(L), 6(S). It is highly evident that banks will soon extinct if they do not embed AI into their operations. As such, AI is a done deal for banks. Yet will AI contribute to bank soundness remains to be seen.
A System-of-Systems Perspective on Frequency Estimation: Time-Frequency Distribution of Multiple LFM Signals
Authors: Liu Ruolun , Zhang Xueqin , Huang Rui
Published: February 2021

This chapter provides a System-of-Systems (SoS) perspective on a study of frequency estimation of signals with a focus on Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signals. This chapter describes an SoS approach for frequency estimation using Chirplet Transform (CT), Hough Transform (HT), and the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) with filtering viewpoint. The filtering viewpoint employs the filter impulse response length to obtain the best time-frequency concentration for accurate estimation of a signal frequency. The optimum impulse response length can be found by varying the length of the filter impulse response and observe the changing in the time-frequency distribution (TFD). The chapter shows that when the length of the impulse response becomes longer, the time-frequency concentration in TFD increases first and then decreases.
Single Port Laparoscopic Assisted Hysterectomy
Authors: L. Nimaroff Michael , Crihfield Eric
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes the necessary steps to perform single port laparoscopic hysterectomy. This surgical approach is an innovative method to offer all of the benefits of multi-port laparoscopy through one single incision usually in and around the umbilicus. Using core surgical principles and instruments available for single port surgery external triangulation and full range of motion can be maintained to achieve the required internal manipulation of instruments and tissue dissection. All single port surgeries require a specialized port used along with an angled or flexible laparoscope for visualization. Traditional laparoscopic instruments may be used for the surgical dissection and completion of the procedure.
Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Frosi Alberto
Published: February 2021

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and is also responsible for extrahepatic manifestations (EHM) involving many different organs and apparatus: skin, salivary glands, eyes, thyroid, kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and immune system. Mixed cryoglobulinemia is the most frequent, best known and strictly HCV-associated EHM. A significant association between HCV and B-cell Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma is reported although the incidence of lymphoma among HCV-infected patients overall remains low. HCV-infected patients have increased rates of insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, which may lead to increased cardiovascular disorders. The mechanisms causing the extrahepatic effects of HCV infection are likely multifactorial and may include endocrine effects, HCV replication in extrahepatic cells, or a heightened immune reaction with systemic effects. Because of this associations, it is suggested testing for HCV infection the patients with a clinical condition described as linked to hepatitis C. Conversely, patients diagnosed with HCV infection should have evaluation for a possible EHM. EHM of HCV can be considered an established indication for antiviral treatment with direct acting antivirals, even in the absence of overt liver disease. Successful eradication of HCV can improve and in some cases cure EHM of HCV. B cell depleting agents may be considered to be the best biological target option for patients with more severe EHM in combination with the antivirals.