bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental impacts and hazardous characteristics of LED lamps waste
Authors:   , Gunawardhaa Delpavita
Published: April 2023

LED lighting technology has strongly taken the Thai lighting market due to the high consumption in residential, industrial and commercial sectors so the sustainability of LED lamps chain is considered as a critical factor for Thai lighting market. Additionally LED lamps waste consist of toxic metals hence improper landfilling has high potential to create negative environment and human health impact due to toxic metals contamination to environment. Therefore, this study focused on (1) quantifying environmental impact due to consumption behaviors among industrial lighting consumers and (2) hazard characterization and toxicity estimation of improper landfilling of LED lamps waste. Environmental impact due to the consumption of residential LED lamps for industrial purpose were compared by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology via 6 scenarios based on possible lifespans and two energy mixes. Results identified that using residential LED models for industrial lighting purpose generates 25% greater impact in all six scenarios and human health impact is the highest contributing factor for endpoint indicators of all six scenarios.

In addition, toxic metal contents in LED lamp waste were examined by leaching process and compared with Thai and TTLC regulatory limits. Later the environmental and human toxicity impacts were investigated by applying USEtox model. From this study, the LED driver and source exhibited hazard characteristics under Thai regulations. Due to the presence of Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Silver (Ag) metals in exceeding concentrations compared to TTLC standard. For the environmental and human toxicity impacts, Aluminum (Al) leaching from LED driver showed the highest eco-toxicity level in all three compartments: soil, air, and water. The highest human toxicity impact from LED driver occurred due to Pb leaching to agricultural soil and air compartments. Only in water compartment, LED source was responsible for the human health toxicity impact from Zn leaching. Based on research findings, LED lamps consumption practices among industrial users and disposal options should be reevaluated for sustainable LED lighting applications in Thailand.
The Precarious Balance Between Research Openness and Security
Authors: Colglazier E. William
Published: April 2023

Amid increasing competition and conflict with countries such as China, calls to restrict international scientific cooperation overlook benefits to the United States.
Misunderstanding Misinformation
Authors: Wardle Claire
Published: April 2023

An obsession with gauging accuracy of individual posts is misguided. To strengthen information ecosystems, focus on narratives and why people share what they do.
Liquidity Creation by Conventional Banks In Pakistan
Authors: Ali Asad , Ahmed Usman
Published: April 2023

Conventional banks create liquidity in the economy by facilitating investments and savings. Conventionalbanks create liquidity by utilizing the on & off-balance sheet items and handling their asset and liabilityportfolios of different maturities. The current study estimated the volume of liquidity created byconventional banks utilizing the "Catfat" model (Berger & Bouwman, 2009). The yearly sample data wasgathered from 2000 to 2021; the secondary data source is Thomson Reuter's financial data stream. Thestudy has taken a sample from all the conventional banks registered on Pakistan Stock Exchange.Findings suggest that the conventional banks in Pakistan created liquidity in the economy of around 7.05Trillion Rupees in 2021 and around 0.33 Trillion Rupees in 2000. It was found that Habib Bank Limitedmade the most contribution in 2021, i.e., 1156 Billion Rupees 2021, and the SAMBA Bank created theleast liquidity, i.e., 47 Billion Rupees. It is concluded that the conventional banks in Pakistan play anessential role by creating liquidity in the market to boost the economy. It is recommended that differentfactors, such as corporate governance, capital, and monetary policy, can affect liquidity creation inPakistan. Further research can examine the influence of these factors on liquidity creation.
Socio-political context and strategy of modern marketing
Authors: Latinović Boris , Ostojić Bojana
Published: April 2023

Consumer needs are characterized by a very distinct complexity. The research on this topic is very interesting from the point of view of the availability of numerous and very different sociopolitical factors that, by their nature, influence the consumer. Also, the consumer, as an individual, has many characteristics that are interesting and very influential on his purchasing decisions, and which are the subject of study, both by retailers and marketing experts, with the purpose of providing better consumption results. All of them make maximum efforts to make the customer satisfied. As a subject of research in the paper, an analysis of consumer behavior was performed, the environmental factors that influence their behavior, as well as the combination of environmental factors that influence the decision to initiate an action, were defined. The aim of the research is to analyze the consumer in the context of the social and sociopolitical dimension, as well as to define the impact of marketing on his behavior. Based on the research, we can conclude that each consumer is an individual for himself, and accordingly expresses and satisfies different wishes and needs. His wants and needs can be systematically influenced through marketing activities. The way in which the consumerism of consumers and their decisions is influenced by the sociopolitical environment and the application of marketing activities is extremely interesting. The modern environment is characterized by the necessity of digital marketing, it represents one of the prerequisites for achieving competitiveness on the market, whether it is a product, service or person.
The evolution of ecological policy with the Republic of Serbia as an example
Authors: Midić Nataša
Published: April 2023

With the goal of drawing out lessons from the past development of environmental policy in the Republic of Serbia, this paper will use a historically, functional, and theoretical analysis method to identify shortcomings, as well as the starting advances in the evolution of this branch of political science in our country. The analysis covers the period from the 80s of the 20th century and the first steps in the development of environmental policy in Serbia as the former Republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, through institutional development within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and later Serbia and Montenegro, all the way to modern developments in the Republic of Serbia. By looking at the historical retrospective, this paper provides an answer to the question of whether the Republic of Serbia is on the right path when it comes to the development of environmental policy. Bearing in mind that Serbia has been a candidate for membership in the European Union since 2014, special attention during the analysis is devoted to the period from then until the present in order to notice the influence of the European Union on the development of environmental policy in Serbia. Such influence is definitely noticeable, given that domestic legislation is largely harmonized with the legislation of the European Union. However, what is missing is the implementation of existing laws and inspection and judicial supervision over the application of those laws. Apart from the shortcomings in the implementation of those laws, it was also noticed that there is a problem with involving the public in the creation and implementation of the environmental policy. Given the fact that the Constitution itself foresees that, in addition to the state, citizens are also responsible for a healthy environment, they must be included in the processes related to environmental protection. Insufficient transparency in connection with projects that have an impact on the environment leads to dissatisfaction among citizens and non-governmental organizations, and this dissatisfaction later often turns into protests. Instead, a dialogue must be the only way of mutual cooperation between state authorities and non-governmental organizations and citizens. When environmental protection laws are fully implemented, and citizens are involved in the creation and implementation of environmental policy, then we can talk about the right path for the evolution of the environmental policy in Serbia. Until then, the impression remains that the harmonization of domestic legislation with the legislation of the European Union is only an attempt to flatter the Union and that in practice it has no other outcome.
Clinical outcomes of permanent stenting with endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage
Authors: Suzuki Eisuke , Fujita Yuji , Hosono Kunihiro , Koyama Yuji , Tsujino Seitaro , Teratani Takuma , Nakajima Atsushi , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is gaining attention as a treatment method for cholecystitis. However, only a few studies have assessed the outcomes of permanent stenting with EUS-GBD. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of permanent stenting using EUS-GBD.Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. The criteria for EUS-GBD at our institution are a high risk for surgery, inability to perform surgery owing to poor performance status, and inability to obtain consent for emergency surgery. EUS-GBD was performed using a 7-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent with a dilating device. The primary outcomes were the recurrence-free rate of cholecystitis and the late-stage complication-avoidance rate. Secondary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and procedural adverse events.Results: A total of 41 patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 168 (range, 10–1,238) days. The recurrence-free and late-stage complication-avoidance rates during the follow-up period were 95% (38 cases) and 90% (36 cases), respectively. There were only two cases of cholecystitis recurrence during the study period.Conclusions: EUS-GBD using double-pigtail plastic stent was safe and effective with few complications, even in the long term, in patients with acute cholecystitis.
Effects of the corona pandemic on competitive sports – an online survey amongst 2981 German and Austrian elite athletes
Authors: Burgstahler C , Plank C , Niess AM , Schobersberger W , Niebauer J , Scharhag J
Published: April 2023

Background: The impact of the corona pandemic on competitive sports has not yet been studied in a larger group of athletes. Methods: Using an online questionnaire, junior and adult elite athletes from Germany and Austria were asked about their infection status, potential symptoms of COVID-19, and the impact of the pandemic on their athletic activity. Results: Between April 21, 2020 and February 16, 2021, a total of 2981 questionnaires were recorded (50.3% female, 25.7% professional athletes, 37.9% national team members). 78 athletes (2.6%) reported a positive PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 67 (2.3%) athletes reported that they had experienced the disease but were self-diagnosed. In 19 athletes (0.6%), infection was suspected by a physician but without testing. 841 (28.2%) athletes stated that they were in quarantine at least once. At least one symptom that might be associated with COVID-19 was observed in 38.7% of all athletes. Cardiac symptoms were reported significantly more often in PCR-positive athletes than in the group of athletes without confirmed infection or no infection. 15 athletes (0.5%) were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19, 8 of them were hospitalized for more than 1 week. Conclusion: The corona pandemic has a massive impact on competitive sports. In addition to indirect consequences due to quarantine measures or cancellation of competitions, infections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in a significant proportion of athletes. Severe courses with hospitalization were also recorded among competitive athletes.
La Economía Popular y Solidaria en el Ecuador. El empoderamiento femenino
Authors: Verzosi Vargas Carolina Verónica , Carvajal Brito Rosa Viviana
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar desde diferentes posturas el concepto de empoderamiento focalizado a las mujeres, relacionando su participación en emprendimientos productivos de la economía popular y solidaria en el Ecuador. El trabajo se realizó a través de un análisis documental en la profundización del surgimiento del concepto de empoderamiento que evoluciona de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos y momentos históricos, así como la presentación de las cifras de la Data SEPS que indica la gobernanza de las mujeres en esta economía. El reconocimiento de la economía popular y solidaria en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador en el año 2008, como integrante del sistema económico ecuatoriano, permite su institucionalización a través de las diferentes instituciones e instrumentos jurídicos, así como políticas públicas que promueven este modelo de economía, conocida como la economía del rostro humano o de la solidaridad, por sus principios identitarios que la caracteriza. Uno de estos principios es la equidad de género y en este sector las mujeres participan activamente en los diferentes modelos empresariales, permitiéndoles disfrutar de oportunidades, convirtiéndolas en lideresas, empresarias. Finalmente, el análisis de estos conceptos contribuye con argumentos teóricos suficientes para analizar como la economía popular y solidaria permite que la mujer en un mercado laboral excluyente se reivindique, construyendo proyectos alternativos que mejoren la calidad de vida. La metodología es de tipo descriptiva, documental, de revisión literaria, como resultado del análisis y estudio se propone un concepto de empoderamiento para la mujer de la economía popular y solidaria.
Expressing identity in mission statements: a case of Polish social cooperatives
Authors: Seiler Bartosz , Bortnowska Hanna
Published: April 2023

The rise of social cooperatives can be related to the blurring of boundaries between sectors in the modern economy and the creation of hybrid organizations, which combine different rationalities in their activities. Despite the defined legal form, they can still express their organizational iden-tity in a variety of ways - adopt a more social or a more market orientation. One of the forms of expression of organizational identity is a declaration of mission, which includes, among others, basic values.The aim of the article is to: a) identify the types of mission statements in Polish social cooperatives; b) identify the values contained in the mission statements of Polish social cooperatives; c) determine whether the identity of an enterprise, social organization or mutual-support group prevails in Polish social cooperatives.
For the purposes of the research, the contents of the missions of social cooperatives registered in Poland were analysed. 99 missions were identified and analysed using the IRAMUTEQ program. At a later stage, an invitation to participate in the survey was sent out to the 99 social cooperatives whose missions were being researched. The invite was addressed to the managers.
The conducted analyses point to the existence of three main elements in the identity of Polish social cooperatives. The first, and the most developed one, is a social element related to the organ-ization’s orientation towards solidarity and its responsibility for the work and social integration of persons at risk of social exclusion, focus on beneficiaries and on their comprehensive service. This identity is related to high prioritization of such value as education. The second exposed element of identity is related to economic activity. The organizations in question see themselves as enterprises that should provide high-quality products and focus on customer satisfaction. This identity is related to values such as professionalism and work engagement, focus on employees and work safety. Matters related to business growth and competition, as well as values such as research and development, growth, product superiority, focus on competitors or company success are much less exposed. The third, least exposed area of identity has to do with responsibility for the environment and is associated with activities undertaken for the sake of community and envi-ronment.The analysis of the mission statements was supplemented with an analysis of case-specific data obtained in the questionnaire research. Two identities were predominant: enterprise and social organization, while the identity related to community affairs was marginalized.
Collective Social Responsibility: An extended three-dimensional model of Corporate Social Responsibility for contemporary society
Authors: Socorro Márquez Félix Oscar , Danvila-Del Valle Ignacio , Serradell-López Enric , Reyes Ortiz Giovanni Efraín
Published: April 2023

The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) arises as a response to questioning the current vision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). After analysing several authors and sources, this research proposes a vision that is more in line with reality and events in contemporary society and can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The study had three main objectives: (i) to propose a theoretical model to expand the concepts associated with CSR, (ii) to explain the proposed model and its implications for companies, society, and the environment, and, finally, (iii) to establish the relationship between the proposed model and the SDG promoted by the UN. This study used a qualitative methodology based on documentary review and inferential and deductive reasoning. The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) proposed here is an expanded and updated version of CSR, observed from a three-dimensional perspective. The proposed model seeks to transform not only the impact that organizations and businesses have on society, but also the way in which governments, companies, groups, and individuals complement each other in relation to this field.
La economía social responsable y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible frente a la crisis post-COVID-19: la voz de las personas expertas
Authors: Aguado-Hernández Juli Antoni , Rodríguez del Pino Juan Antonio , Abellán López María Ángeles
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer las aportaciones que pueden realizar la economía social y de la responsabilidad social corporativa en la búsqueda de soluciones a la crisis sanitaria y económica actual, con el fin de evitar sus efectos más traumáticos. Para ello, se analizan las variaciones que pueden producirse en tres escenarios: en las organizaciones sociales y responsables, en los cambios de valores en concordancia con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), y en las transformaciones hacia nuevos modelos económicos y de empresa. De este modo, se revisan los elementos favorables existentes, como el papel de las empresas contra los efectos de la pandemia, el importante consenso internacional existente -los Diez Principios del Pacto Mundial y los 17 ODS- y la mayor conciencia colectiva sobre la importancia de lo público y de los riesgos del planeta. La principal contribución del trabajo es plantear posibles estrategias frente a la crisis, tanto a nivel macro como micro, sobre la base de que esta inédita situación recoge y estimula elementos preexistentes que ahora toman nuevas dimensiones. Desde el punto vista metodológico, estas propuestas se generan en un debate donde se entrecruzan la literatura académica, los ejemplos de actuaciones empresariales, el resultado de encuestas y, de forma destacada, la técnica de recopilación documental y análisis del discurso de personas expertas en la materia. Entre los hallazgos y conclusiones cabe destacar la mayor sensibilidad hacia lo público y la sostenibilidad, como elementos de desarrollo, y más receptividad hacia un nuevo paradigma empresarial.
Public research organizations’ interactions with firms: Factors driving the perceived benefits
Authors: García Granero Ana , Vega Jurado Jaider , Manjarrés Henríquez Liney
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates which factors are more effective when taking advantage of benefits perceived by firms in their collaborations with public research organizations (PROs). The empirical study is based on a survey of firms that have collaborated with the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), the largest PRO in Spain. We performed an ordinal probit regression, where the dependent variables reflect the importance of benefits from the interaction. We add to previous literature by considering benefits beyond innovation results and by studying the firm´s absorptive capacity and knowledge search strategy as determinants of such benefits. Our results show that firms need to have a certain level of absorptive capacity to take advantage of the collaboration with PROs, but that R&D is not the only antecedent that must be considered. Prior collaborative experience with PROs appears as an important factor to exploit these interactions, in particular as a way to develop internal capabilities and obtain long-term benefits. The study also outlined the firm´s external search strategy as a relevant factor in determining the benefits obtained from interactions with PROs.
Las consultas populares en Colombia: empoderamiento, reacción y resistencia
Authors: Figueroa García-Herreros Nicolás
Published: April 2023

Objective/context: This article reconstructs the history of popular consultations against extractive activities in Colombia. It aims to illustrate the forms in which constitutional law shapes the repertories of democratic participation available to social movements and resistances. Methodology: The article develops a descriptive analysis of the ways in which Colombian constitutional law has approached the use of popular consultations against extractive activities. This analysis focuses on three moments: citizens’ empowerment; institutional reaction; and informal resistance. Conclusions: The history of popular consultations in Colombia displays three types of relationships between constitutional law and the democratic participation of social movements and resistances: it can function as an instrument for the political empowerment of citizens; as an obstacle that restrains democratic participation and contributes to political and social exclusion; or as a referent that guides the practices of informal resistance against the closure of the formal mechanisms of participation by state institutions. Originality: This article contributes to a more comprehensive description of the uses of popular consultations in Colombia and of the ways in which constitutional law shapes the repertories of participation of the social movements and resistances opposed to extractive activities.
Catatan dari Editor: Peran sistem kepercayaan, internet dan tantangan post pandemic
Authors: Milla Mirra Noor
Published: April 2023

Sistem kepercayaan merupakan salah satu tema utama yang banyak dibahas dalam studi Psikologi untuk menjelaskan perilaku manusia. Dalam hal ini sistem kepercayaan dijelaskan sebagai sekumpulan nilai yang berinteraksi memengaruhi bagaimana kita menjalani hidup kita, bagaimana kita memperlakukan dan bergantung dengan orang lain (Banaj, 2018). Sekumpulan nilai tersebut dapat berbasis agama, politik, ilmiah atau pribadi. Dijelaskan oleh Brandt & Sleegers (2021) sebagai teori, sistem kepercayaan dapat mengintegrasikan sistem kepercayaan politik, konsistensi sikap, dan perbedaan ideologis dalam konsensus sikap.
Pengalaman caregiver menantu perempuan bagi pengidap Demensia Parkinson dalam konteks budaya Tionghoa: Studi Fenomenologi
Authors: Gracia Fionna , Mansoer Winarini Wilman D.
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to gain understanding and meaning of a caregiver's experience in caring for her mother-in-law who suffers Parkinson's dementia. This is a phenomenological case study. Data were collected using the online semi-structured interview with a woman who is the main caregiver of her mother-in-law who suffers Parkinson's dementia. The results were presented in several themes regarding the participant’s experience and meaning. The conclusion from the results of this study is that there are various dilemmas faced in caring for parent-in-laws which then lead to conflicts between families. The existence of various factors contributing to developing caregiver burden on a caregiver who cares for parents-in-law with Parkinson's dementia.
Stereotip gender lintas generasi: Eksplorasi konstruksi gender kontemporer generasi milenial (Y) dan generasi pascamilenial (Z) di Bandung
Authors: Yulindrasari Hani , Adriany Vina
Published: April 2023

Millennials (Y), born between 1981-2000, and post-millennial (Z), born in 2000 and after, grew up in two very different socio-economic-political contexts. The Gen Ys were born and grew up in Soeharto's authoritarian era, and Gen Zs were born after the fall of Soeharto, but both grew up in the democratic era with the massive development of information technology. Both Millennials and post-millennials face different gender issues from previous generations. Even for similar gender issues, different context demands a different approach in understanding the issues. This research explores the construction of masculinity and femininity that is understood and believed by the Bandung’s millennials (Y) and post-millennials (Z) generation. Data collection was carried out in two stages. The first stage used the photo-interviewing method with 20 participants. The second stage was conducted with an online survey method of 184 respondents. The results show that millennial and post-millennial generations have an understanding of gender that tends to be non-stereotyping, not many signifiers are categorized as feminine or masculine.
Keyakinan teori konspirasi sebagai mediator hubungan antara identitas agama dengan sikap terhadap radikalisme kekerasan
Authors: Syafiq Muhammad , Nurchayati Nurchayati , Laksmiwati Hermien , Darmawanti Ira
Published: April 2023

This study was aimed at examining the Muslim students’ attitude towards radicalization which reflects their approval or rejection of radicalization by involving the factor of Religious Identity as the dependent variable and Belief in Conspiracy Theory as the mediator. The sample was Muslim students in public and private universities in East Java. The sample was selected using snowball technique by relying on the networks of friendship owned by the researchers to be forwarded in sequence to the researchers’ friends’ networks. The data was collected online through a google form containing 3 (three) Likert model questionnaires, namely the attitude scale towards radicalization, belief in conspiracy theories, and religious identity. A total of 651 respondents filled out this research questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Macro PROCESS 3.0 from Hayes with IBM's SPSS 25.0 for windows program. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between religious identity and attitudes towards radicalization, as well as between belief in conspiracy theories and attitudes towards radicalization. This study also proves that belief in conspiracy theories can partially mediate the relationship between religious identity and attitudes towards radicalization. The results of this study can be taken into consideration in making policies to promote the prevention of the radicalization process among college students.
In-silico assay of a dosing vehicle based on chitosan-TiO2 and modified benzofuran-isatin molecules against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Castro-Velázquez Verónica , Díaz-Cervantes Erik , Rodríguez-González Vicente , Cortés-García Carlos J.
Published: April 2023

A high priority of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the study of drugs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has developed antibiotic resistance. In this order, recent research is analyzing biomaterials and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as chitosan (QT) and TiO2 (NT), which can transport molecules with biological activity against bacteria, to propose them as drug carrier candidates. In the present work, 10 modified benzofuran-isatin molecules were studied through computational simulation using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking assays against Hfq and LpxC (proteins of P. aeruginosa). The results show that the ligand efficiency of commercial drugs C-CP and C-AZI against Hfq is low compared with the best-designed molecule MOL-A. However, we highlight that the influence of NT promotes a better interaction of some molecules, where MOL-E generates a better interaction by 0.219 kcal/mol when NT is introduced in Hfq, forming the system Hfq-NT (Target-NT). Similar behavior is observed in the LpxC target, in which MOL-J is better at 0.072 kcal/mol. Finally, two pharmacophoric models for Hfq and LpxC implicate hydrophobic and aromatic-hydrophobic fragments.
Efectividad de la política de cuarentenas para combatir el COVID-19 en Chile
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía, Reyes Silva Andrés Eduardo
Published: April 2023

¿Ha sido efectiva la política de cuarentenas en Chile para combatir la propagación del COVID-19? El presente trabajo explora esta pregunta utilizando un modelo económico-epidemiológico dinámico en el que un planificador central puede implementar cuarentenas como estrategia de control de la pandemia. El dilema que surge en este contexto nace por la diferencia de intereses entre las autoridades y una ciudadanía heterogénea, debido a que el resguardo de vidas humanas conlleva un costo económico como lo es una caída en la producción agregada. Los resultados de la investigación, una vez que el modelo es calibrado para el caso de Chile, señalan que la inexistencia de cuarentenas provoca una propagación acelerada del virus, una cantidad mayor de infectados y fallecidos, junto con una mayor duración e intensidad que se prolonga por más tiempo. Sin embargo, la implementación de cuarentenas resulta efectiva solo a medida que el planificador central adopte un enfoque preventivo y siempre que la población presente altas tasas de cumplimiento e internalice el efecto de sus decisiones en la salud de los demás. En este contexto, a lo largo de 2 años, las cuarentenas podrían salvar cerca de 19.000 vidas a costa de una caída en la producción agregada en torno al 12%. Finalmente, otro de los hallazgos del modelo es que al replicar de forma aproximada los niveles de confinamiento que ha presentado Chile, se puede predecir un rebrote de infectados cerca de la semana 40 después del primer caso confirmado de COVID-19. En suma, los resultado sugieren que la flexibilidad que tuvo el Gobierno chileno en aplicar cuarentenas en comparación a la política de cuarentena óptima del modelo solo tiene una efectividad moderada provocando un resultado número subóptimo de muertes registradas a expensas de una contracción no tan aguda de la actividad económica.
The Soil Diagnostic Method to Formulate Fertilizer Requirements for Coffee Trees in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Eponon Eboa Christophe Ghislain , Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-Martial , Kouamé Konan Didier , Snoeck Didier , Ouattara Tieba Victor , Camara Maméri , Cherif Mamadou , Kone Daouda
Published: April 2023

Coffee is a crop that exports significant amounts of minerals from the soil, particularly through crop and pruning products. Maintaining sustainable productivity requires good knowledge and rational management of factors related to soil fertility and plant nutritional status, which would limit production. The objective of this study was to diagnose the mineral requirements of coffee plants in different production regions in order to recommend nutrient quantities adapted to the characteristics of each soil type for sustainable coffee production. Chemical analysis of 156 soil samples representative of the soil units of the coffee growing areas using a soil diagnostic model specific to coffee fertilization was used to determine the nutrient requirements of each soil unit studied. The results generally indicate that soil fertility levels were below the reference threshold values. Nutrient inputs are essential for all soils under coffee in large production areas. Nitrogen inputs are required in all soil units studied. The majority of the soils also showed a very pronounced potassium and calcium deficiency, while the phosphorus deficiency was not very pronounced. Magnesium, although generally in sufficient quantity in soils, has been readjusted to respect the balance in exchangeable bases. The amounts of nutrients to be supplied varied from one soil unit to another. Soils with low organic matter content showed relatively high requirements. Recommendations for appropriate soil fertility management per soil unit were presented in this work.
Mdm2 binding to a conformationally sensitive domain on p53 can be modulated by RNA
Authors: Burch L.R. , Midgley C.A. , Currie R.A. , Lane D.P. , Hupp T.R.
Published: July 2002

Biochemical characterisation of the interaction of mdm2 protein with p53 protein has demonstrated that full‐length mdm2 does not bind stably to p53–DNA complexes, contrasting with C‐terminal truncations of mdm2 which do bind stably to p53–DNA complexes. In addition, tetrameric forms of the p53His175 mutant protein in the PAb1620+ conformation are reduced in binding to mdm2 protein. These data suggest that the mdm2 binding site in the BOX‐I domain of p53 becomes concealed when either p53 binds to DNA or when the core domain of p53 is unfolded by missense mutation. This further suggests that the C‐terminus of mdm2 protein contains a negative regulatory domain that affects mdm2 protein binding to a second, conformationally sensitive interaction site in the core domain of p53. We investigated whether there was a second docking site on p53 for mdm2 protein by examining the interaction of full‐length mdm2 with p53 lacking the BOX‐I domain. Although mdm2 protein did bind very weakly to p53 protein lacking the BOX‐I domain, addition of RNA activated mdm2 protein binding to this truncated form of p53. These data provide evidence for three previously undefined regulatory stages in the p53–mdm2 binding reaction: (1) conformational changes in p53 protein due to DNA binding or point mutation conceals a secondary docking site of mdm2 protein; (2) the C‐terminus of mdm2 is the primary determinant which confers this property upon mdm2 protein; and (3) mdm2 protein binding to this secondary interaction site within p53 can be stabilised by RNA.
Umbilical artery Doppler flow velocimetry in intrauterine growth restriction and its relation to perinatal outcome
Authors: Seyam Y.S. , Al‐Mahmeid M.S. , Al‐Tamimi H.K.
Published: July 2002

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to compare pregnancy outcomes in growth‐restricted fetuses retaining normal umbilical artery Doppler flow and the outcomes of pregnancies with end‐diastolic velocity either diminished or severely reduced/absent. Methods: One hundred pregnant women with growth‐restricted fetuses were followed with Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery between weeks 28 and 41 of pregnancy. Outcomes were compared for the normal Doppler group (16%), the less‐severely abnormal group (77%), and the group with severely reduced or absent end‐diastolic velocity waveforms (7%). Results: The diagnosis‐to‐delivery interval was significantly shorter, and the average birth weight and gestational age at delivery were significantly lower, for fetuses with abnormal Doppler velocimetry (showing diminished or severely reduced/absent end‐diastolic velocity) than for those in the normal Doppler group. Fetuses with abnormal Doppler velocimetry also had a significantly higher incidence of oligohydramnios, low‐birth weight (<10th percentile), and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. There were no perinatal deaths among the normal Doppler patients. Conclusions: Growth‐restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery velocimetry are at significantly lower risk than those with abnormal velocity waveforms, and immediate delivery of the fetus with diminished end‐diastolic flow may be unnecessary. Knowing this relationship may be useful in the clinical management of such pregnancies. Doppler surveillance of growth‐restricted fetuses supplemented with cardiotocography, preferably combined with biophysical profile testing, results in a prolonged gestational age and acceptable fetal outcome.
Shoot Responses of Six Lythraceae Species to Flooding
Authors: Lempe J. , Stevens K. J. , Peterson R. L.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: The large family Lythraceae has several genera and species that show tolerance to flooding; one species, Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), is considered invasive in North American wetlands. It is not clear, however, which characteristic(s) contribute to the invasive nature of L. salicaria, but those that contribute to improved flood tolerance may be responsible. This study examined the response of the shoot system of several members of the Lythraceae, three Lythrum species (L. salicaria, L. hyssopifolia, L. alatum), Decodon verticillatum, Pleurophora anomala and Heimia myrticifolia, to flooding to determine if these species differ in their response in comparison to L. salicaria. All species, except L. hyssopifolia, responded to flooding by increasing total plant height. All species, except H. myrticifolia, formed a phellem of significantly wider diameter at the stem base of flooded plants compared to controls. This phellem consisted of alternating bands of small, isodiametric cells and radially elongated cells separated by large air lacunae forming a very specialized aerenchyma. The small cells had Casparian band‐like wall modifications and occasionally displayed modifications that included all cell wall surfaces. The development of extensive aerenchymatous phellem in flooded plants may increase the air space continuum from shoot to root in shoots that have undergone secondary growth. Given that these species displayed similar responses to flooding, the purported invasiveness of L. salicaria cannot be attributed to presence of any of the characteristics studied.
Properties of Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors
Authors: Togano K. , Kumakura H. , Maeda H. , Yanagisawa E. , Takahashi K.
Published: July 2002

A zero resistance transition temperature of 108 K has been achieved for Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors prepared by conventional powder solid-state reaction. The materials contained both the high Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox) and the low Tc phase (Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox). Critical current density at 100 K in a zero magnetic field was 3.5 A/cm2 which was larger than that of the Pb-free sample.
Hydrogen-induced crystal to glass transformation in Zr3Al
Authors: Meng W. J. , Okamoto P. R. , Thompson L. J. , Kestel B. J. , Rehn L. E.
Published: July 2002

The process of hydrogen-induced amorphization of the equilibrium intermetallic compound Zr3Al is compared to ion-irradiation-induced amorphization of the same compound. In contrast to ion irradiation, where almost complete chemical disordering precedes the onset of amorphization, hydrogenation of Zr3Al causes no appreciable change in long-range order prior to amorphization. Electron microscopy reveals apparent homogeneous nucleation of the amorphous phase, and striking similarities to martensitic microstructures. The maximum lattice dilation observed prior to amorphization by hydrogen absorption is identical to that found during irradiation, indicating that lattice expansion is a common measure of the crystal instability induced by different solid-state processing techniques.
Analysis of strained-layer superlattice effects on dislocation density reduction in GaAs on Si substrates
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Nishioka Takashi , Sugo Mitsuru
Published: July 2002

High quality GaAs films with dislocation densities of 1–2×106 cm−2 on (100)Si substrates have been obtained for combination of strained-layer superlattice insertion and thermal cycle growth using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. In this letter, remarkable reduction effects of dislocation density in the GaAs layers due to InGaAs/GaAs and InGaAs/GaAsP strained-layer superlattice insertion on Si have been analyzed by calculating the dislocation force exerted by the misfit due to the strained-layer superlattice insertions. Threshold layer thickness needed for dislocation reduction and critical thickness for dislocation generation have been clarified for several strained-layer superlattice systems.
High-power traveling-wave tube amplifier
Authors: Shiffler D. , Nation John A. , Wharton C. B.
Published: July 2002

A high-power X-band traveling-wave tube amplifier has been fabricated and tested. The tube has a 17 dB gain at 8.76 GHz and an output power of order 10 MW. The electron beam has an energy of 850 keV and a beam current of 1 kA. Results are presented showing the characteristics of the amplifier.
Wavelength dependence of photorefractive effect in Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 waveguides
Authors: Fujiwara T. , Sato S. , Mori H.
Published: July 2002

A novel method of measuring the photorefractive sensitivity of Ti-diffused channel waveguides in lithium niobate is proposed and demonstrated. It is suited for quantifying the dependence of the photorefractive sensitivity on the irradiation beam wavelength. From measurements at various irradiation intensities and wavelengths 0.633, 0.81, and 1.06 μm, we give an estimate of the crosstalk of a directional coupler as a function of irradiation intensity and wavelength.
Pressure-enhanced solid phase epitaxy of germanium
Authors: Lu G. Q. , Nygren E. , Aziz M. J. , Turnbull D. , White C. W.
Published: July 2002

We have measured the effect of pressure on the solid phase epitaxial growth rate of Ge(100) into self-implanted amorphous Ge by using in situ time-resolved infrared interferometry in a high-temperature, high-pressure diamond anvil cell. In the temperature range 300–365 °C, a rate enhancement of more than a factor of 100 over that at ambient pressure has been observed due to hydrostatic pressures of up to 5.2 GPa (52 kbar). The pressure enhancement is characterized by a negative activation volume of −6.2±0.6 cm3/mol (−45% of the atomic volume), which is of the same sign but greater in magnitude than we found in Si. We conclude that the defects controlling the solid phase epitaxy of Ge cannot be vacancies in the crystal, that mechanisms based on other point defects migrating to the interface from either phase are unlikely, and that mechanisms based on point defects residing in the interface are plausible.
Excitonic optical nonlinearity in quantum-confined CuCl-doped borosilicate glass
Authors: Justus B. L. , Seaver M. E. , Ruller J. A. , Campillo A. J.
Published: July 2002

The nonlinear refractive index n2 is reported for quantum-confined CuCl microcrystallites in borosilicate glass near the Z3 excitonic resonance. Induced index changes were estimated using Kramers–Kronig analyses of absorption bleaching data from 370 to 388 nm. The nonlinearity was found to increase with increasing particle radius over the range 22 to 34 Å, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the interfacial reactivity of Si with the oxidized GaAs (100) surface
Authors: Cuberes M. T. , Sacedón J. L.
Published: July 2002

The chemistry of the interfacial reactions of Si with GaAs oxides has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We present evidence of a room-temperature chemical reaction between Si and the oxides of GaAs that leads to complete reduction of the As and Ga oxides. Si deposition on oxidized GaAs resulted in the formation of a Si/SiO2/GaAs structure as revealed by the XPS measurements. The results of the evolution of the Ga(LMM), As(2p), Ga(2p), and Si(2p) core level spectra during the deposition of Si are comparatively studied and discussed.
Preparation of NdBa2Cu3O7−δ films in ultrahigh vacuum with a NO2 supersonic molecular beam
Authors: Nonaka Hidehiko , Shimizu Takashi , Arai Kazuo
Published: July 2002

Superconducting NdBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films have been prepared in ultrahigh vacuum by the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method using a supersonic molecular beam of nitrogen dioxide as an oxidizing agent. A new type of supersonic molecular beam source has been developed, which has a liquid nitrogen trap for cryogenic pumping and is small enough in size to be installed in a conventional MBE system. Films with a transition temperature of about 30 K have been obtained in situ without post-deposition annealing. Throughout deposition epitaxial growth of the films was observed in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction.
Raman microprobe study of the time development of AlGaAs single quantum well laser facet temperature on route to catastrophic breakdown
Authors: Tang W. C. , Rosen H. J. , Vettiger P. , Webb D. J.
Published: July 2002

The facet temperature and output power of uncoated AlGaAs single quantum well lasers operated at constant current were measured as a function of time until catastrophical breakdown. The temperature rise is observed to consist of two regimes−an initial linear temperature rise accompanied by a gradual power degradation followed by a rapid nonlinear temperature rise at what appears to be a critical temperature leading to catastrophical optical damage (COD). The time to COD and the pre-COD facet temperature rise rate are found to have a strong dependence on the diode output power. This facet temperature behavior plus the data obtained from an argon laser probe beam induced heating experiment provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms leading to COD.
Antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in sputtered Fe/Cr multilayers: Dependence on number of Fe layers
Authors: Parkin S. S. P. , Mansour A. , Felcher G. P.
Published: July 2002

The antiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of Fe layers in sputtered Fe/Cr multilayered structures is directly demonstrated from polarized neutron reflectometry studies. Such an antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling is also consistent with magnetization studies on a series of [Fe/Cr]N structures. A remanent magnetization is observed for structures containing an odd number of bilayers but no remanent moment is found for an even number of bilayers. By examining the dependence of saturation field on the number of bilayers it is shown that the antiferromagnetic coupling strength is independent of the number of bilayers and is the same for superlattice and sandwich structures.
Relaxation modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of polyimide films coated on substrates
Authors: Jou Jwo-Huei , Chen Lih-Jiuan
Published: July 2002

A bending beam technique with the use of two substrates, silicon and gallium arsenide, has been successfully employed to simultaneously determine the biaxial relaxation modulus, Ef/(1 − νf), and thermal expansion coefficient, αf , of a rigid rod-like polyimide film, pyromellitic dianhydride-benzidine (PMDA-B) coated on a substrate. As measured, the two properties, especially αf , significantly increase with the increase of film thickness. At 150 °C, for example, the obtained Ef(1 − νf) increases from 6.0 to 8.2×109 N/m2, and αf from −0.33 to 2.42×10−6/°C for thicknesses ranging from 10 to 30 μm.
Quantum size effects on CdTexS1−x semiconductor-doped glass
Authors: Medeiros Neto J. A. , Barbosa L. C. , Cesar C. L. , Alves O. L. , Galembeck F.
Published: July 2002

We present experimental evidences of quantum confinement in borosilicate glasses with a new microcrystallite CdTexS1−x semiconductor. The microcrystallite sizes are controlled by the heat-treatment time and temperature. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show the microcrystallites average diameters near 55 Å for the sample treated for the longest time. We observe a red shift from 570 to 640 nm in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra as the size increases. These shifts agree with the expected quantum-confined energies, varying from 0.80 to 0.60 eV. The absorption spectra also show a second feature which can be assigned to the second quantum-confined transition.