bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitness of Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica longicornis, and Their Hybrids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Campbell Laura A , Meinke Lance J
Published: November 2010

Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, the northern corn rootworm, and Diabrotica longicornis (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are currently recognized as closely related chrysomelid species. Hybridization has been proposed to occur between them, although the viability of hybrids has never been tested. The objective of this study was to assess life-history parameters of D. barberi, D. longicornis, and their hybrids under laboratory conditions to examine the potential for field hybridization. D. barberi and D. longicornis were collected in allopatry and were used to create lab colonies. Parental species were crossed to obtain F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids, and backcrosses to either parental species. Various life-history traits, which may contribute to overall fitness, were measured, and population growth rates were calculated for all crosses. D. barberi had greater reproductive potential than D. longicornis, but D. longicornis individuals lived longer than D. barberi individuals. In other traits, the two parental species were similar. The fitness of hybrids of a D. longicornis female and D. barberi male, as estimated by reproduction, survival, developmental time, longevity, and head capsule width, was similar to that of the parental species. Hybrids of a D. barberi female and D. longicornis male demonstrated consistently poor egg viability, low survival, and shortened adult life span. The cause of the hybrid unidirectionality is unknown, but these data collectively suggest that hybrids of a D. longicornis female and D. barberi male and F2 backcrosses with parentals could potentially be as viable as either parental species and contribute to population growth under field conditions.
Cryptic Diversity in the Aspidiotus nerii Complex in Australia
Authors: Andersen Jeremy C , Gruwell Matthew E , Morse Geoffrey E , Normark Benjamin B
Published: November 2010

Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), oleander scale, is a cosmopolitan pest that feeds on >100 families of plants. A previous study of mitochondrial DNA variation in A. nerii suggested a possible Australian origin for the species. Here, we expand upon that study to include four gene regions and multiple Australian samples. We sequenced fragments of three nuclear genes (CAD, elongation factor 1α, and 28S rDNA) and one mitochondrial region (spanning parts of cytochrome oxidase I and II), for a total aligned sequence length of 2448 bp, from 22 individuals identified as A. nerii. We infer an allele genealogy for each gene region, and we interpret branches that are congruent across gene regions as indicative of species boundaries. Using this criterion, we recognize three species within our sample of A. nerii. One of these corresponds to the cosmopolitan pest species and the other two are found only in Australia. The two putative Australian species have overlapping ranges and both are found on multiple hosts. Contrary to previous suggestions, the cosmopolitan sexual and parthenogenetic lineages of A. nerii are not recognized as distinct species by both of our methods of phylogenetic reconstruction. Cryptic diversity within what seem to be single cosmopolitan armored scale insect species is a potential serious problem for plant quarantine.
Equilibrium of cracked masonry domes
Authors: Zessin J. , Lau W. , Ochsendorf J.
Published: November 2010

This paper analyses the structural stability of cracked masonry domes. For historical masonry domes, small movements of the supports will cause cracking and may lead to collapse. As the supports move apart, the structure adapts, causing the crown of the dome to descend and meridional cracks to form, which increases the value of horizontal thrust on the supports. The theoretical minimum thrust of hemispherical domes is determined with a modified thrust line method, which is an improvement over the membrane theory by allowing hoop forces and meridional forces to deviate from the dome centreline. An iterative computation is used to determine the amount of horizontal support movement necessary to cause collapse for a rigid block dome and the results are verified experimentally with scale models.
Analysis of masonry structures by funicular networks
Authors: Andreu A. , Gil L. , Roca P.
Published: November 2010

A numerical approach for the ultimate analysis of large masonry structures composed of multiple linear members is presented. The approach is based on the use of computer-simulated cable nets representing the equilibrium lines (or load paths) that describe the equilibrium condition of structures. Based on this description, limit analysis is applied according to the static approach. Cable net solutions complying with the limit theorems of plasticity – in particular the safe (or lower-bound) and the uniqueness theorems – are generated by means of convenient optimisation techniques. An efficient cable element is adopted with explicit analytical expressions available for the description of the deformed shape in equilibrium and the tangent stiffness matrix. This type of cable element enables the computation of very large cable nets, including a large number of individual cables, with high computational efficiency. The calculation procedure is applied to complex spatial structures and the ability of the technique to deal with such systems is illustrated by an example involving a practical assessment of a real three-dimensional masonry structure.
Effectiveness of dispute adjudication boards, South Africa
Authors: Lane Patrick M. M. , Watson Michael J.
Published: November 2010

The paper details the results of a review of the performance of six dispute adjudication boards appointed for contracts which were constructed in South Africa and, with the exception of one, were completed between 2004 and 2008. The review was conducted at a meeting held in Johannesburg in August 2008 and the participation was confined to persons who had been members of the boards or employees of the employer, contractor and engineer who had been directly involved in the process during the course of the contracts. The input and discussion was between people who had direct experience of the dispute adjudication boards and the associated procedures. The authors, who were members of several of the boards, describe a number of the problems and difficulties that were experienced and suggest various methods for avoiding such problems in the future. It is hoped that the experiences and recommendations detailed in this paper will be of assistance to those who intend to use the dispute board mechanism for the resolution of disputes arising from major and complex contracts.
Interdependence and Political Ideology: The Conditional Diffusion of Cigarette Taxation in U.S. States
Authors: Martin Christian W.
Published: November 2010

This paper presents inquiries into the interdependence of cigarette taxation in U.S. states between 1971 and 2006. It is argued that diffusion influences emanating from the tax policies of other states have an effect that is conditional upon the government ideology in a focal state. Specifically, it is shown that only those state governments that are not positioned on the far right end of an ideology continuum use an environment of high cigarette taxes to pursue their fiscal and health policy goals. At the same time, interventionist ideology can only be effective if it operates within a favorable policy environment. I argue that casting policy diffusion as conditional allows for empirically more accurate and theoretically richer models.
Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contamination
Authors: Havelková Marcela , Randák Tomáš , Blahová Jana , Slatinská Iveta , Svobodová Zdeňka
Published: November 2010

Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contamination

The need for assessment of aquatic ecosystem contamination and of its impact on water dwelling organisms was developed in response to rising aquatic environmental pollution. In this field study, liver enzymes of phase I and phase II of xenobiotic transformation, namely cytochrome P450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase and tripeptide glutathione were used to assess the contamination of the aquatic environment at different rivers in the Czech Republic. The indicator species selected was the male chub (Leuciscus cephalusL.) and male brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Chemical analyses included also the assessment of the most important inductors of previously mentioned biochemical markers. The major inductors of monitored biomarkers are industrial contaminants which belong to a large group of organic pollutants (PCB, PAH, PCDD/F, DDT, HCH, HCB and OCS), persistent in the environment. Four different groups of river basins were assessed: the River Tichá Orlice and its tributary the Kralický brook; important tributaries of the River Elbe (the rivers Orlice, Chrudimka, Cidlina, Jizera, Vltava, Ohře and Bílina); major rivers in the Czech Republic (the rivers Lužnice, Otava, Sázava, Berounka, Vltava, Labe, Ohře, Svratka, Dyje, Morava and Odra) and the River Vltava. The use of the biochemical markers together with chemical analyses seems to be an effective way to monitor the quality of aquatic environment.
Digital System for Detection and Location of Miners Trapped in Hard Coalmines - GLOP2
Authors: Burnos Piotr , Gajda Janusz , Maj Piotr
Published: November 2010

Digital System for Detection and Location of Miners Trapped in Hard Coalmines - GLOP2

Paper deals with the new localizer GLOP2 designed for detection of the miners trapped in underground hard coal mines. The results of a field test conducted in coal mine BOBREK show that the presented localizer allows for efficient measurement of the distance between a trapped miner and the rescuer in the range of up to 15 m.
Linear Dynamic System Identification in the Frequency Domain Using Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Janiczek Tomasz , Janiczek Janusz
Published: November 2010

Linear Dynamic System Identification in the Frequency Domain Using Fractional Derivatives

This paper presents a study of the Fourier transform method for parameter identification of a linear dynamic system in the frequency domain using fractional differential equations. Fundamental definitions of fractional differential equations are briefly outlined. The Fourier transform method of identification and their algorithms are generalized so that they include fractional derivatives and integrals.
Pharmacists’ Beliefs About Treatments and Outcomes of Mental Disorders: A Mental Health Literacy Survey
Authors: O'Reilly Claire L. , Simon Bell J. , Chen Timothy F.
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To assess the beliefs of pharmacists about the helpfulness of interventions for schizophrenia and depression.

Methods: A survey instrument containing a measure of mental health literacy was mailed to a random sample of 2000 pharmacists registered with the Pharmacy Board of New South Wales in November 2009. Vignettes of a person with either depression or psychosis were presented, followed by questions related to the recognition of the disorder, the helpfulness of various interventions, prognosis with and without professional help, the person's long-term functioning in various social roles and the likelihood of the person being discriminated against.

Results: A total of 391 responses were received (response rate 19.5%). The majority of pharmacists correctly identified depression (92%) with fewer recognizing schizophrenia (79%). Pharmacists rated medicine use highly for both schizophrenia and depression but were also positive about the use of psychological therapies and lifestyle interventions. Pharmacists had negative views about admission to a psychiatric ward and the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, younger pharmacists had significantly more positive views on the use of ECT (p = 0.001). The majority of pharmacists (74%) thought discrimination by the community was highly likely and rated long-term prognosis as poor without appropriate professional help. Their views on the likelihood of specific negative outcomes were mixed, with many pharmacists not recognizing the risk of suicide in schizophrenia and depression. However, both female (p = 0.002) and younger pharmacists (p < 0.001) were significantly more inclined to rate the likelihood of suicide as more likely in a person with schizophrenia or depression.

Conclusions: The majority of pharmacists had a high degree of mental health literacy as indicated by the correct identification of, and support for evidence-based interventions for mental illnesses. Pharmacists should be aware that their attitudes and stigma towards mental illness may impact on the patient care they provide.
Practitioner Perceptions of Skills for Psychological Recovery: A Training Programme for Health Practitioners in the Aftermath of the Victorian Bushfires
Authors: Forbes David , Fletcher Susan , Wolfgang Bronwyn , Varker Tracey , Creamer Mark , Brymer Melissa J. , Ruzek Josef I. , Watson Patricia , Bryant Richard A.
Published: November 2010

Objective: Following the February 2009 Victorian bushfires, Australia's worst natural disaster, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, in collaboration with key trauma experts, developed a three-tiered approach to psychological recovery initiatives for survivors with training specifically designed for each level. The middle level intervention, designed for delivery by allied health and primary care practitioners for survivors with ongoing mild-moderate distress, involved a protocol still in draft form called Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR). SPR was developed by the US National Center for PTSD and US National Child Traumatic Stress Network. This study examined health practitioner perceptions of the training in, and usefulness of, SPR.

Methods: From a range of disciplines 342 health practitioners attended one of 25 one-day workshops on the delivery of SPR. Perceptions of evidence-based care and attitudes to manualized interventions were assessed at the commencement of the workshop. Following the workshop, participants’ perceptions of their confidence in applying, and perceived usefulness of, each module were assessed. A subset of 20 participants recorded their ongoing use of SPR recording 61 cases.

Results: The vast majority of participants rated the SPR modules as useful for survivors of disasters and expressed confidence in implementing the intervention following the training. Participants’ pre-workshop attitudes towards evidence-based care and manualized interventions affected their perceptions of the usefulness of the protocol. The ‘Promoting positive activities’ and ‘Rebuilding healthy social connections’ modules were least influenced by variations in these perceptions.

Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that SPR is perceived by health providers from varying disciplines and paradigms as an acceptable and useful intervention for disaster survivors with moderate levels of mental health difficulties. Future SPR dissemination efforts may benefit from focusing on modules with the strongest evidence base and which are most amenable to practitioner acceptance and uptake.
Mental Health First Aid Training by e-Learning: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. , Kitchener Betty A. , Fischer Julie-Anne , Cvetkovski Stefan
Published: November 2010

Objective: Mental Health First Aid training is a course for the public that teaches how to give initial help to a person developing a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. The present study evaluated the effects of Mental Health First Aid training delivered by e-learning on knowledge about mental disorders, stigmatizing attitudes and helping behaviour.

Method: A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 262 members of the Australian public. Participants were randomly assigned to complete an e-learning CD, read a Mental Health First Aid manual or be in a waiting list control group. The effects of the interventions were evaluated using online questionnaires pre- and post-training and at 6-months follow up. The questionnaires covered mental health knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence in providing help to others, actions taken to implement mental health first aid and participant mental health.

Results: Both e-learning and the printed manual increased aspects of knowledge, reduced stigma and increased confidence compared to waiting list. E-learning also improved first aid actions taken more than waiting list, and was superior to the printed manual in reducing stigma and disability due to mental ill health.

Conclusions: Mental Health First Aid information received by either e-learning or printed manual had positive effects, but e-learning was better at reducing stigma.
Women, Substantive Equality, and Fiscal Policy: Gender-Based Analysis of Taxes, Benefits, and Budgets
Authors: Lahey Kathleen A.
Published: November 2010

L'une des caractéristiques socio-juridiques les plus marquées chez les femmes demeure leur inégalité économique par rapport aux hommes, et ce, durant toute leur vie. En dépit de décennies de pressions sociales pour obtenir l'équité dans l'imposition, dans les programmes d'avantages sociaux étatiques et les allocations budgétaires gouvernementales, les politiques fiscales continuent de faire très peu de choses en vue de promouvoir l'égalité des femmes et dans certains pays, elles empêchent l'atteinte de l'objectif visé. Le présent article démontre que, même dans des pays comme le Canada, qui est perçu comme étant un chef de file mondial en matière d'égalité des genres, les inégalités fiscales peuvent rapidement réduire à néant les acquis des femmes, à moins que des mécanismes institutionnels clairs n'assurent que tous les programmes et toutes les pratiques soient continuellement contrôlés pour mesurer leur impact sur les femmes en particulier. Le présent article expose les grandes lignes de l'intégration à tous les stades de l'analyse fondée sur les rapports de sexe et de l'établissement de budgets en fonction des sexes—mesures nécessaires suivant la ratification par le Canada en 1982 de la Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes et de la mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration et du Programme d'Action de Beijing dans les politiques fédérales en 1995—et démontre comment ces analyses offrent une «large troisième voie vers l'égalité» et peuvent servir à identifier et à éliminer la discrimination à l'égard des femmes, y compris dans les domaines critiques de l'imposition, des dépenses et des budgets gouvernementaux.
Acute Oral Toxicity and Brine Shrimp Lethality of Elaeis guineensis Jacq., (Oil Palm Leaf) Methanol Extract
Authors: Syahmi Abdul Rani Muhamad , Vijayarathna Soundararajan , Sasidharan Sreenivasan , Latha Lachimanan Yoga , Kwan Yuet Ping , Lau Yee Ling , Shin Lai Ngit , Chen Yeng
Published: November 2010

Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) is widely used in West African traditional medicine for treating various ailments. An evaluation on the toxicity of extracts of this plant is crucial to support the therapeutic claims. The acute oral toxicity and brine shrimp lethality of a methanolic extract of this plant was tested. Oral administration of crude extract at the highest dose of 5,000 mg/kg resulted in no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects, implying that E. guineensis is nontoxic. Normal behavioral pattern, clinical signs and histology of vital organs confirm this evidence. The E. guineensis extracts screened for toxicity against brine shrimp had 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of more than 1.0 mg/mL (9.00 and 3.87 mg/mL, at 6 and 24 h, respectively), confirming that the extract was not toxic. Maximum mortalities occurred at 100 mg/mL concentration while the least mortalities happened to be at 0.195 mg/mL concentration. The results of both tests confirm that E. guineensis is nontoxic and hence safe for commercial utilization.
Investigating the Spectrum of Biological Activity of Ring-Substituted Salicylanilides and Carbamoylphenylcarbamates
Authors: Otevrel Jan , Mandelova Zuzana , Pesko Matus , Guo Jiahui , Kralova Katarina , Sersen Frantisek , Vejsova Marcela , Kalinowski Danuta S. , Kovacevic Zaklina , Coffey Aidan , Csollei Jozef , Richardson Des R. , Jampilek Josef
Published: November 2010

In this study, a series of twelve ring-substituted salicylanilides and carbamoylphenylcarbamates were prepared and characterized. The compounds were analyzed using RP-HPLC to determine lipophilicity. They were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Moreover, their site of action in the photosynthetic apparatus was determined. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal strains. Several compounds showed biological activity comparable with or higher than the standards 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, isoniazid, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin or fluconazole. The most active compounds showed minimal anti-proliferative activity against human cells in culture, indicating they would have low cytotoxicity. For all compounds, the relationships between lipophilicity and the chemical structure are discussed.
Al-Salahi, R. Synthesis and Reactivity of [1,2,4]Triazolo-annelated Quinazolines. Molecules 2010, 15, 7016-7034
Authors: Al-Salahi Rashad A. , Geffken Detlef
Published: November 2010

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the paper published in Molecules [1]: The authorship of the paper is changed to Rashad A. Al-Salahi and Detlef Geffken. [...]
2-Chlorophenyl Zinc Bromide: A Convenient Nucleophile for the Mannich-Related Multicomponent Synthesis of Clopidogrel and Ticlopidine
Authors: Aillaud Isabelle , Haurena Caroline , Gall Erwan Le , Martens Thierry , Ricci Gino
Published: November 2010

A methodological study devoted to the Mannich-like multicomponent synthesis of the antiplatelet agent (±)‑clopidogrel (7) and the ethyl ester analogue 6 is described. The process involves the formation of 2-chlorophenyl zinc bromide (2) and its subsequent reaction with an alkyl glyoxylate and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine (3). We demonstrate that the organozinc reagent 2 also constitutes a very convenient nucleophile for the multicomponent synthesis of the benzylamine core of ticlopidine (9).
Performance Evaluation of an Infrared Thermocouple
Authors: Chen Chiachung , Weng Yu-Kai , Shen Te-Ching
Published: November 2010

The measurement of the leaf temperature of forests or agricultural plants is an important technique for the monitoring of the physiological state of crops. The infrared thermometer is a convenient device due to its fast response and nondestructive measurement technique. Nowadays, a novel infrared thermocouple, developed with the same measurement principle of the infrared thermometer but using a different detector, has been commercialized for non-contact temperature measurement. The performances of two-kinds of infrared thermocouples were evaluated in this study. The standard temperature was maintained by a temperature calibrator and a special black cavity device. The results indicated that both types of infrared thermocouples had good precision. The error distribution ranged from −1.8 °C to 18 °C as the reading values served as the true values. Within the range from 13 °C to 37 °C, the adequate calibration equations were the high-order polynomial equations. Within the narrower range from 20 °C to 35 °C, the adequate equation was a linear equation for one sensor and a two-order polynomial equation for the other sensor. The accuracy of the two kinds of infrared thermocouple was improved by nearly 0.4 °C with the calibration equations. These devices could serve as mobile monitoring tools for in situ and real time routine estimation of leaf temperatures.
Toxicological mechanisms and potential health effects of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol
Authors: Pestka J.
Published: November 2010

Produced by the mould genusFusarium, the type B trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their acetylated precursors. These mycotoxins often contaminate cereal staples, posing a potential threat to public health that is still incompletely understood. Understanding the mechanistic basis by which these toxins cause toxicity in experimental animal models will improve our ability to predict the specific thresholds for adverse human effects as well as the persistence and reversibility of these effects. Acute exposure to DON and NIV causes emesis in susceptible species such as pigs in a manner similar to that observed for certain bacterial enterotoxins. Chronic exposure to these mycotoxins at low doses causes growth retardation and immunotoxicity whereas much higher doses can interfere with reproduction and development. Pathophysiological events that precede these toxicities include altered neuroendocrine responses, upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression, interference with growth hormone signalling and disruption of gastrointestinal tract permeability. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve deregulation of protein synthesis, aberrant intracellular cell signalling, gene transactivation, mRNA stabilisation and programmed cell death. A fusion of basic and translational research is now needed to validate or refine existing risk assessments and regulatory standards for DON and NIV. From the perspective of human health translation, biomarkers have been identified that potentially make it possible to conduct epidemiological studies relating DON consumption to potential adverse human health effects. Of particular interest will be linkages to growth retardation, gastrointestinal illness and chronic autoimmune diseases. Ultimately, such knowledge can facilitate more precise science-based risk assessment and management strategies that protect consumers without reducing availability of critical food sources.
Research on Hydraulic Synchronous System Based on High Speed On/Off Valve
Authors: Liu Zhong , Liang Cheng Jie , Peng Jin Yan
Published: November 2010

The synchronous system of hydraulic lifting mechanism always could not get enough synchronous precision because of load imbalance and two-cylinder size discrepancies. The paper uses MATLAB/simulink toolbox to create simulative model of the system, and applies fuzzy control to improve synchronous precision. Simulative results show that the system adopted the fuzzy control enables further improved synchronous precision to 0.09mm, and the slave cylinder speed can follow the active cylinder speed well. The average peak speed is 20.5mm/s and 20mm/s. So for this synchronous system it has a good control effect.
Research on Risk Probability and Economic Safety Assessment Method and Application of Mechanical System
Authors: Xu Ge Ning , Feng Xiao Lei
Published: November 2010

Form human-machine-environment, this paper analyzed the factor of risk assessment, and proposed how to calculate the failure probability of basic event including the human factor and the mechanical device. The accident serious degree was changed into the economic losses by the view of safety economics. Integrating the failure probability and the economic losses to determine the risk assessment items, system rank was evaluated by checking assessment items. After establishing the quantitative risk probability and economic risk assessment method, the example about crane travel mechanism was given to demonstrate the method correct and feasible.
Research on the Construction of Three Levels of Customization Model Based on Human Engineering
Authors: An Wei Jin , Yang Wen Ming
Published: November 2010

In order to satisfy increasing demand for personalized products, through analysis characteristic parameters of individual factors such as the various parts of the body size, body weight, body surface area, factors affecting the performance of the machine and their mathematical relationships, three levels of customization model based on human engineering by using mechanics and control theory was established to help designers to design personalized products, best meet customer's all aspects of demand. Finally, three levels of customization model was applied to Man-machine system (human-bicycle system for the design case) to show application of the model.
Research on the Regionally Clustered Manufacturing Mode Based on Flexible Configuration of Manufacturing Resources
Authors: Rong Jia Qi , Chen Lei
Published: November 2010

A trend that distribution and centralization are blending with each other has occurred in the configuration mode of manufacturing resource. The regionally clustered manufacturing mode based on the flexible configuration of manufacturing resources is very efficient. It makes the equilibrium for the configuration mode of manufacturing resource between distribution and centralization. In this way, this mode could make an organic integration of scale economics and flexibility.
An Ontology-Enabled Production in Product Lifecycle Management
Authors: Cui Jiang , Xu Xiao Bing
Published: November 2010

The paper presents Production-in-product lifecycle management as a new approach to integrate functions and its operation and optimization towards its rebuilding or deconstruction and the restart of the arising cycle. Essential elements of Production-in-product lifecycle management are the suitable consideration of models used by digital tools for the presentation, analysis design iptimisatiom and control of production systems as well as the linkage of these models to the ‘real world’. Production-in-product lifecycle management to forms and essential element of a Digital Manufacturing approach that enhances competitiveness of industrial enterprises by the reduction of times and costs for product creation and order fulfillment. Thereby Digital Manufacturing may serve as one building block for a comprehensive Digital Enterprise.
Simulation Modeling of the Operating Room Based on SIMIO
Authors: Zheng Qian , Chen Sai Feng , Shen Jie , Liu Ze Qing , Fang Kai , Xiang Wei
Published: November 2010

Operating rooms (OR) is one of the most demanding department in hospital. OR’s process will directly influence the profits of hospital as well as the patients' satisfactory degree. On the condition of a complex cooperation of ORs with variations, simulation has its advantage on solving problems. From the perspective point of rational utilization of resources, the simulation modeling of OR in big hospital by a latest simulation platform – SIMIO is proposed. The modeling objects and the logic underline are studied, and a simulation model case is presented.
Simulation of Supercritical CO2 Extraction for Peanut Oil Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Dong Jin Shan , Gu Bo Qin
Published: November 2010

The BP ANN was established based on MATLAB to simulate the supercritical CO2extraction process for extracting peanut oil. The supercritical CO2extraction experiment for peanut oil was carried out and the experimental results were used to train the BP ANN. The operating pressure, temperature and time were regarded as the inputs of the BP ANN and the percentage extraction as the output. By testing the BP ANN with other groups of experimental data, the precision of the BP ANN was verified. This BP ANN can predict the percentage extraction when the processing parameters of supercritical CO2extraction are given, and the optimization of the processing parameters can also be realized.
Simulation of Temperature Field of Molten Steel in Mold for 700mm×700mm Billet Caster
Authors: Bai Ming Hua , Ge Jun Li , Tong Rui Song
Published: November 2010

The numerical simulation of temperature field of Q235 steel in 700 mm×700 mm mold has been carried out by software Fluent to assess the effect of the structure of the immersed nozzle on the heat flow transfer and solidification of the molten steel, which shows that the best result can be achieved when the nozzle with the five- side- holes was immersed in the depth of 150 mm and its opening angle is 15°.
Simulation Research on Neural Network Sliding Mode Control of Energy-Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Cao Jian Bo , E Shi Ju , Zhu Xi Lin , Jiang Hong Kui , Cao Bing Gang
Published: November 2010

To improve the energy-regenerative efficiency and robustness of electric vehicle (EV), a novel energy-regenerative controller was designed and applied to the charge current loop of the EV. The controller that combines neural network (NN) with traditional sliding mode controller (SMC) comprises a radial basis function NN (RBFNN) and a SMC. The RBFNN is used to adaptively adjust the switching gain of the SMC. The simulation model of the energy-regenerative system is built with MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation results show that comparing with traditional SMC, the NNSMC has better performance at response speed, steady-state tracking error and resisting disturbance in energy-regenerative process. Additionally, it can recover more energy.
Simulation Study on Load-Sensing Hydraulic Drawing System of Coal Mining Machine
Authors: Peng Tian Hao , Yang Mei Sheng , Hao Xiao Song , Liu Jia Dong
Published: November 2010

A new hydraulic drawing system of coal mining machine is proposed in this paper. The variable plunger pump adopted in the hydraulic drawing system of coal mining machine is replaced by load-sensing variable displacement pump. The working principle and energy-saving of the new system are introduced. The performance of the new system is obtained by the simulation study using AMESim.
Some Properties of Mathematical Model for Cylindricity Errors
Authors: Liu Ping , Miao Hui Yi
Published: November 2010

An unconstrained optimization model, applicable to radial deviation measurement, is established for assessing cylindricity errors by the minimum circumscribed cylinder evaluation. The properties of the objective function in the optimization model are thoroughly investigated. On the basis of the modern theory of convex functions, it is strictly proved that the objective function is a continuous and non-differentiable and convex function defined on the four-dimensional Euclidean space R4. Therefore, the minimal value of the objective function is unique and any of its minimal point must be its global minimal point. Thus, any existing optimization algorithm, so long as it is convergent, can be used to solve the objective function to get the wanted values of cylindricity errors by the minimum circumscribed cylinder assessment. An example is given to verify the theoretical results presented.
Structural Analysis of Agricultural Truck Frame Based on the Finite Element Method
Authors: Wang Yun , Lin Bin
Published: November 2010

Frame is an important truck part to connect and support engine, transmission, carriage and cab etc. It is important to analyze strength, stiffness and dynamic characteristics for frame design. This paper developed static analysis of a specific agricultural truck frame under two conditions of full load bending and reverse. The corresponding suggestions of structural modification were proposed. Then the dynamic response of truck frame caused by the external incentives was studied, namely harmonic response analysis and transient dynamic analysis. The paper not only analyzed whether the truck frame met the strength requirements, but also proposed the corresponding solutions for the possible cases of fatigue fracture and stress overloaded of the frame.
Structural Intensity Analysis of Shells Structure under Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Zeng Guo Ying , Zhao Deng Feng
Published: November 2010

The structural intensity of shells structure was analyzed based on finite element method (FEM) in this paper. The expressions of structural intensity of plate in FEM were given under harmonic excitation. By using coordinate transformation, mathematical expressions of the structural intensity of shells structure in FEM were deduced. The structural intensities of a rectangular plate and combined structure of tube and plate were calculated. The vector plots of structural intensity under different excitation frequencies were analyzed. The results show that the structural intensity under different frequencies are different, the vector plots present directly the distribution and propagation of energy in shells structure.
Study on 3D Reconstruction and Static/Dynamic Characteristics of Human Femur
Authors: Wang Li Hua , Liu Guang Wei
Published: November 2010

3D (three-dimensional) reconstruction, the stress distribution and dynamic response characteristics of human femur are important for optimal design of human femur prosthesis. Based on the STL (Stereo Lithography) model, using the method of NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) surfaces modeling, 3D reconstruction of human femur has been discussed in this paper. Then the static and dynamics characteristics of the reconstructed human femur model are analyzed using finite element method. The analytical results revealed that the precision 3D model and the statics and dynamics characteristics of human femur are the key factors for the human femur prostheses design.
Study on Identification of Stable Spindle Speeds Range by Time-Varying Cutting Width in Turning
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun , Yu Jun Yi , Zhao Hong Wei
Published: November 2010

A new method for identifying stable cutting speed in regenerative chatter is studied by time- varying cutting width. The model of the regenerative chatter system is established in CNC lathe. In this model, all dynamic parameters had been obtained by experimental methods. The cutting system stability is simulated and the relation curves between the limited cutting width and spindle speed are established in the experiment. Simulation and experimental results show that it can identify stable speeds range effectively and such stable speeds range make the cutting process in stable state. The method is applicable and credible to suppress chatter. The testing works were performed in a CNC lathe.
Study on Integrated Design Method Based on AD, QFD, TRIZ and Taguchi Method
Authors: Sun Guo Qing , Zhang Guan Wei , Chen Yong Liang , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2010

Based on study and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the design methods of AD (AD, Axiomatic Design), QFD (QFD, Quality Function Development), TRIZ (TRIZ, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and Taguchi Method, the article established the integrated design model of the four. Taking the design of a compressor cutting machine as example, the article analyzed how to design the machine under the guidance of the integrated design method based on AD-QFD-TRIZ and Taguchi Method according to the actual needs of users. Thus, the article provides a useful reference for the design of related products to designers.
Study on Optimum Meshing Efficiency for Spiral Bevel Gears in Mixed Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Gu Jian Gong , Fang Zong De , Shen Shan Shan
Published: November 2010

The mean sliding friction factor was derived in the mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication state, which contains the complete elasto-hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication synchronously. Based on the geometry and load contact characteristics of spiral bevel gears, the power loss from sliding friction of each point on the long axis of the instantaneous contact ellipse was calculated. Meanwhile, the function of sliding friction power loss in a mesh cycle was established. The meshing efficiency was obtained by integrating the above function. In addition, the meshing efficiency was increased through optimizing the contact parameters. The validity and superiority of the algorithm was demonstrated with analyzing an example.
Study on the Polishing Force of Face Polishing
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , He Yan Gang , Wang Yan Min
Published: November 2010

Since almost all large die surfaces are free-form surfaces, currently, these are mostlty manually polished. In order to overcome this barrier, floating face polishing is a feasible polishing technology. The polishing force is a key problem of floating polishing technology. This paper tries to study face polishing force on base of analyzing 3D polishing physical model. The paper focuses on the establishment of the model of face polishing force with full friction condition. The research results will be used for the development of a portable, state-of-the-art polishing machine and the optimization of the associated polishing process parameters in the near future.
Study on the System of Impact Test in Hydraulic Impact Machine
Authors: Xu Qin , Huang Yuan Yue
Published: November 2010

A new computer-aided control system was developed for the first time, by adopting parallel testing design ideas in this paper. It solved, both of hardware and software, in the industrial field of many interferential factors and the complex process of measurement and control, the problems in dynamic test as high- precision and high-reliability, such as synchronous acquisition of multi-parameter and data processing and so on. This achievement filled the gaps in this field. The test results showed that the stability and reliability and high precision of the system fully meet the requirement of measurement and control for hydraulic impact machine.
Analysis of Heating Performances for Ultra-High Speed Electric Spindle Bearings Based on the Energy Theory of TEHL in Point Contact State
Authors: Li Song Sheng , Hu Zhi Hong , Zhou Peng , Chen Peng , Chen Xiao Yang , Gu Jia Ming , Fu Li Xia
Published: November 2010

To analyze the lubricating state and the heating performances of the spindle bearings in ultra-high speed electric spindles, taken the characteristics of oil-air lubrication into account and based on the theories about rolling bearing dynamics and thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication in point contact state, a model was built with the energy method for analyzing the heating performances the ball elements on both raceways in spindle bearings. An equation was derived for calculating the total quality of heat produced in a bearing. The influences of some basic factors such as the running speed, the axial preload, the oil viscidity, the design contact angle of bearing, and the ball materials and so on are analyzed on the heating performances in a bearing. The results show that it is easy to come into being elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication state for a bearing running in an ultra high-speed and lubricated by oil-air. It is also shown that the higher speed is, the more the quality of heat produced inside the oil films in the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication state will be, which will bring the bearings working conditions worse.
Systematic Inventive Thinking Method Based on Theory of Constraints
Authors: Jiang Jie , Li Yan
Published: November 2010

This paper aims to develop an effective and widely applicable creative design method. First, the relationships of integration between systematic inventive thinking (SIT) and theory of constraints (TOC) were analyzed. According to the analysis, a new model of SIT based on TOC was constructed. Next, the detailed creative design steps of this method were explained and a strategy to upgrade an old system or develop new systems based on an existing one was proposed in terms of this creative method. Then, an example was demonstrated to validate the method. This proposed creative design method is different from conventional approaches, which uses the elements in the design environment, and introduction of new element is avoided.
A Method of Online Color-Difference Detecting Based on Image Processing and its Application
Authors: Zhong Li Jun , Li Wen Wen
Published: November 2010

A method of the classifying of ceramic tiles’ color difference is proposed, and the online detection system based on linear array color CCD sensors is designed. After the image of tile grabbed by CCD is transformed to the HIS color model, a series of image processing and analyzing methods are used to calculate the eigenvalue of sample. The minimum distance classifier is used to carry out tiles’ classifying. Experimental results show the method is effective.
The Calculation Method of Accurate Shaping Curve of Inside Right-Angle Step in Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Zhao Ran , Zhang Kang Sheng , Hu Zheng Huan
Published: November 2010

Deep study on Inside Right-angle Step (IRS) forming process was conducted to improve the precision of its (IRS) forming. According to its actual forming process, the zone, or the undeformed zone, was looked as semi-spiral declined cone and excluded the contact zone. A new algorithm was developed for calculating the size of the undeformed zone. More simple mathematical models and expressions weredeveloped for solving the shaping curve. The model was verified in terms of its simplicity and correctness based on the numerical simulation.
The Causes and Solutions of Boiler Scale in Steam Appliances
Authors: Shen Hai Jun , Xie Zhi Bin
Published: November 2010

Combined scale of the phase characteristics, let the hang iron machine as an example, this paper introduces the type of steam and steam appliances unit, analyses the formation mechanism of scale in steam equipment from the perspective of the chemical and physical, and studies the influence between structure of steam plant and the formation of boiler scale, loss, and sewage. A reasonable design solution is proposed through the analysis of various factors.
The Current Situation and Progress of 4-DOF Parallel Robot
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Zhong Gao Yan , Chang Yong Biao , Liu Guo Xin
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the existing research and key technologies of 4-DOF parallel robot are reviewed, i.e., mechanism, kinematics, singularity, workspace, dexterity, dynamics and control. Most of them are focused on mechanism and kinematics. The study in dynamics and control is relatively rare and not mature in practice, especially in how to optimize the control strategies to improve its performance. Finally, the research trend and unsolved problem of 4-DOF parallel robot is described.
The Development of Physical Signal Measurement and Control in the Processing of Ultrasonic Machining
Authors: Zhang Xu , Lin Bin , Han Xue Song
Published: November 2010

Ultrasonic machining (USM) is a mechanical material removal process used to erode holes and cavities in hard or brittle work pieces by using shaped tools, high-frequency mechanical motion, and an abrasive slurry. There are many physical signals in the ultrasonic machining which are related with the material removal rate, machining accuracy, and surface finish. So how to measure and control these signals with accuracy is very important. The aim of the paper is to summarize different kinds of physical signals and the methods of measuring and controlling them in ultrasonic machining.
The Effect of Cut Tool Geometric Parameters on Tool Tear of Machining Nickel-Base GH4169 Super Alloys
Authors: Hao Zhao Peng , Gao D. , Han R.D.
Published: November 2010

Nickel-based super alloy GH4169 has been widely used in aerospace industry because of its good mechanical properties under high temperature. However, it is difficult to machine for its high strength, poor thermal conductivity and serious work-hardening. The effects of tool geometric parameters on tool life are studied by machining experiments using YG8 tools with different cutting edge angle in this paper. The tool with cutting edge angle 45°has longer tool life than 75°. The cutting experiments have been carried out using TiAlN (PVD) coated tools (AC520U) with different rake angle. It shows that the tool life with rake angle 9° were increased by 50% and 25% compared to tool with rake angle 3°and 6° when cutting speed is 30m/min. The tool with rake angle 9° is not suitable for cutting GH4169 when cutting speed is more than 35m/min. The results show that geometric parameter of cutting tool is one of the important factors affecting tool life.