bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition reduces alpha‐synuclein aggregation in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Cui Hengjing , Kilpeläinen Tommi , Zouzoula Lydia , Auno Samuli , Trontti Kalevi , Kurvonen Sampo , Norrbacka Susanna , Hovatta Iiris , Jensen Poul Henning , Myöhänen Timo T.
Published: September 2021

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease where the histopathological hallmark is glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes, rich of aggregated alpha‐synuclein (aSyn). Therefore, therapies targeting aSyn aggregation and toxicity have been studied as a possible disease‐modifying therapy for MSA. Our earlier studies show that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) with KYP‐2047 reduces aSyn aggregates in several models. Here, we tested the effects of KYP‐2047 on a MSA cellular models, using rat OLN‐AS7 and human MO3.13 oligodendrocyte cells. As translocation of p25α to cell cytosol has been identified as an inducer of aSyn aggregation in MSA models, the cells were transiently transfected with p25α. Similar to earlier studies, p25α increased aSyn phosphorylation and aggregation, and caused tubulin retraction and impaired autophagy in OLN‐AS7 cells. In both cellular models, p25α transfection increased significantly aSyn mRNA levels and also increased the levels of inactive protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). However, aSyn or p25α did not cause any cellular death in MO3.13 cells, questioning their use as a MSA model. Simultaneous administration of 10 µM KYP‐2047 improved cell viability, decreased insoluble phosphorylated aSyn and normalized autophagy in OLN‐AS7 cells but similar impact was not seen in MO3.13 cells.
Business Cycles across Space and Time
Authors: FRANCIS NEVILLE , OWYANG MICHAEL T. , SOQUES DANIEL
Published: September 2021

We study the comovement of international business cycles in a time‐series clustering model with regime switching. We extend the framework of Hamilton and Owyang (2012) to include time‐varying transition probabilities to determine what drives simultaneous business cycle turning points. We find four groups, or “clusters,” of countries that experience idiosyncratic recessions relative to the global cycle. In addition, we find the primary indicators of international recessions to be fluctuations in the term spread, equity markets, and geopolitical risk. In out‐of‐sample forecasting exercises, our model is an improvement over standard benchmark models for forecasting both aggregate output growth and country‐level recessions.
Effects of Perceived Autonomy Support on Academic Achievement and Motivation Among Higher Education Students: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Okada Ryo
Published: September 2021

This meta‐analysis aimed to reveal the extent to which perceived teachers' autonomy support affects academic achievement and motivation among higher education students. Overall, 153 correlations between perceived autonomy support and achievement‐related variables (academic performance, motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and engagement) were collected through a systematic review. They were integrated to estimate population correlation coefficients using meta‐analytic procedures. The effect sizes (i.e., estimated population correlation coefficients) were small for academic performance, medium to large for autonomous motivation and basic psychological needs satisfaction, and small to medium for engagement. The estimated population correlations between autonomy support and motivation constructs were slightly different across countries. These results suggest that autonomy‐supportive teaching can be beneficial for higher education students' educational success in higher education.
Relationship between masticatory variables and bolus characteristics of meat with different textures
Authors: Pematilleke Nelum , Kaur Mandeep , Adhikari Benu , Torley Peter J.
Published: September 2021

The physiological transformations that happen during oral processing are complex and challenging to capture and measure; however, their knowledge can help design new products for people who struggle with mastication and swallowing. Here we relate chewing, saliva incorporation and bolus properties with initial meat texture. Three different textures (T1—tender, T2—intermediate, T3—tough) were created by cooking meat in different temperature time combinations and “ready‐to‐swallow” meat boluses were collected from 10 healthy individuals. Masticatory variables, saliva incorporation, and bolus mechanical and geometrical characteristics were analyzed. Meat texture showed significant effect on masticatory variables (number of chews and chewing duration) but not on saliva incorporation. Bolus mechanical characteristics (hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness) varied significantly (p < .05) with meat texture, where meat with a harder texture resulted in a harder bolus. Number of bolus particles changed significantly (p < .05) with increasing meat hardness, where harder meat produced more bolus particles. Significant (p < .05) intersubject variability was recorded for masticatory parameters and saliva incorporation. Mechanical and geometrical characteristics of “ready‐to‐swallow” meat bolus did not vary among subjects.
A retrospective case series of clinical signs in 28 Beagles with Lafora disease
Authors: Flegel Thomas , Kornberg Marion , Mühlhause Franziska , Neumann Sophie , Fischer Andrea , Wielaender Franziska , König Florian , Pakozdy Akos , Quitt Pia R. , Trapp Andrea M. , Jurina Konrad , Steffen Frank , Rentmeister Kai W. , Flieshardt Cornelia , Dietzel Josephine
Published: September 2021

Background

Clinical signs and their progression in Beagles with Lafora disease are poorly described.

Objectives

To describe clinical signs in Beagles with Lafora disease.

Animals

Twenty‐eight Beagles with Lafora disease confirmed by genetic testing or histopathology.

Methods

Retrospective multicenter case series. Data regarding signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic tests and treatment were retrieved from hospital data files. A questionnaire was sent to owners asking about neurological deficits, changes in cognitive functions, behavioral changes, response to treatment and survival time.

Results

Onset of clinical signs was 8.3 years (mean; range, 6.3‐13.3). All dogs had myoclonic episodes as an initial clinical sign with tonic‐clonic seizures in n = 11/28 (39%) and n = 12/28 (43%) later developing tonic‐clonic seizures. Deficits of coordination (n = 21/25; 84%), impaired vision (n = 15/26; 58%), and impaired hearing (n = 13/26; 50%) developed later. Mental decline was observed as loss of house training (urination; n = 8/25; 32%), difficulties performing learned tasks (n = 9/25; 36%), and difficulties learning new tasks (n = 7/23; 30%). Common behavioral changes were: increased photosensitivity (n = 20/26; 77%), staring into space (n = 16/25; 64%), reduced stress resistance (n = 15/26; 58%), increased noise sensitivity (n = 14/26; 54%), and separation anxiety (n = 11/25; 44%). Twenty‐one dogs were alive (median age 11.9 years; range, 9.8‐18.6), and 7 dogs were dead (mean age 12.1 years; SD: 1.3; range, 10.5‐12.6) at time of writing.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Lafora disease in Beagles causes significant behavioral changes, and mental decline as well as neurological deficits in addition to myoclonic episodes and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. Nevertheless, a relatively normal life span can be expected.
Height‐adjusted lean body mass and its associations with physical activity and kidney function in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Ahmed Azim , Cote Anita , Lui Samantha , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D.
Published: September 2021

Background

Although LBM is positively associated with health outcomes, studies assessing determinants for the accrual of ht‐LBM, such as physical activity, are limited. This study aimed to assess ht‐LBM levels in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and test its association with baseline and contemporaneous variables, including physical activity.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional review was performed on 46 pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and a longitudinal review was performed on a subset of recipients with serial post‐transplant (n = 21) and pre/post‐transplant (n = 11) ht‐LBM measurements. Ht‐LBM measurements were obtained using DXA scans.

Results

This cohort was 16.0 (IQR 12.3, 17.7) years old, 56.5% male and 46 ± 45 months post‐transplant with a mean ht‐LBM of 15.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2. A median ht‐LBM increase of 1.6 kg/m2 (IQR − 0.1, 2.6 kg/m2; p < .01) was observed, over 29.2 ± 12.0 months from the earliest post‐transplant scan obtained at 46 ± 25 months post‐transplant until the most recent post‐transplant scan. A 1.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2 (p < .01) increase was observed between pre‐ and post‐transplant DXA scans which were taken at 12 ± 11 months pre‐transplant and 13 ± 6 months post‐transplant, respectively. In separate adjusted models, lower physical activity questionnaire scores (n = 17, beta = 1.55, p = .02), faster rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline (beta = 0.05, p < .048) adjusted for annualized change in BSA, and younger age at scan (beta = 0.32, p < .01) were each significant predictors of lower ht‐LBM.

Conclusions

Physical activity and kidney function may influence ht‐LBM in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
The role of FSH in body composition in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Roelofs Erica J. , Dengel Donald R. , Wang Qi , Hodges James S. , Steinberger Julia , Baker Scott
Published: September 2021

Background

Childhood cancer survivors who received a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at increased risk for follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) abnormalities, which may have a significant negative impact on bone health and body composition. This study's purpose was to examine FSH and body composition in HCT recipients, non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls.

Methods

The study included HCT recipients (n = 24), non‐HCT recipients (n = 309), and a control group of healthy siblings (n = 211) all aged 9–18 years. A fasting blood sample was collected to measure FSH. All participants underwent a dual X‐ray absorptiometry scan to assess total and regional percent fat, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass.

Results

FSH was significantly higher in HCT recipients compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls. HCT recipients had significantly lower total body weight, total LM, arm and leg LM, BMC and BMD compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls (p < .05). Non‐HCT recipients had significantly higher total, trunk, android, gynoid, arm and leg FM compared to healthy controls. Also, healthy controls had significantly lower VAT mass compared to non‐HCT recipients.

Conclusions

This study's results show that HCT recipients have significant reductions in BMD, worse body composition, and abnormal FSH levels compared to non‐HCT recipients and healthy controls.
Evaluation of Photobiogoverning Role of Blue Light Irradiation on Viral Replication
Authors: Oh Phil‐Sun , Kang Kyung Won , Ryu Seung Rok , Lim SeokTae , Sohn Myung‐Hee , Lee Sang‐Myeong , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong
Published: September 2021

Most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 has triggered a global pandemic without successful therapeutics. The goal of the present study was to define the antiviral effect and therapeutic action of blue light irradiation in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells. Vero cells were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 (NCCP43326) or mock inoculum at 50 pfu/well. After blue light irradiation, the inhibitory effect was assessed by qPCR and plaque reduction assay. When Vero cells were irradiated to blue light ranging from 1.6 to 10 J cm−2, SARS‐CoV‐2 replication was inhibited by up to 80%. The antiviral effect of blue light irradiation was associated with translation suppression via the phosphorylation of eIF2α by prolonging endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The levels of LC3A/B and Beclin‐1, which are key markers of autophagy, and the levels of PERK and PDI for ER stress were highly increased, whereas caspase‐3 cleavage was inhibited after blue light irradiation in the later stage of infection. Our data revealed that blue light irradiation exerted antiviral and photo‐biogoverning activities by prolonging ER stress and stimulating autophagy progression during viral infection. The findings increase our understanding of how photo‐energy acts on viral progression and have implications for use in therapeutic strategies against COVID‐19.
Association analysis of GmMAPKs and functional characterization of GmMMK1 to salt stress response in soybean
Authors: Liao Xiliang , Shi Meiqi , Zhang Wei , Ye Qian , Li Yali , Feng Xianzhong , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Kan Guizhen , Yu Deyue
Published: September 2021

Salinity is one of the major abiotic constraints affecting the growth and yield of plants including soybean. In this context, the previous studies have documented the role of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in the regulation of salt signaling in model plants. However, there is not a systematic analysis of salt‐related MAPKs in soybean. Hence, in this study, we identified a total of 32 GmMAPKs via., genome‐wide reanalysis of the MAPK family using the soybean genome v4.0. Based on the transcriptome datasets in the public database, we observed that GmMAPKs are induced by different abiotic stresses, especially salt stress. Furthermore, based on the candidate gene association mapping and haplotype analysis of the GmMAPKs, we identified a salt‐related MAPK member, GmMMK1. GmMMK1 possesses significant sequence variations, which affect salt tolerance in soybean at the germination stage. Besides, the overexpression of the GmMMK1 in soybean hairy roots has a significant negative effect on the root growth, leading to increased sensitivity of the GmMMK1‐OE plants to salt stress. Moreover, the heterologous expression of the GmMMK1 in Arabidopsis has been also observed to have a negative effect on the germination and root growth under salt stress. The transcriptome analysis and yeast two‐hybrid screening showed that hormone signaling and the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species are involved in the GmMMK1 regulation network. In conclusion, the results of this work demonstrated that GmMMK1 is an important negative regulator of the salt stress response, and provides better insights for understanding the role of the MAPKs in soybean salt signaling.
How to increase the supply of native seed to improve restoration success: the US native seed development process
Authors: McCormick Molly L. , Carr Amanda N. , Massatti Rob , Winkler Daniel E. , De Angelis Patricia , Olwell Peggy
Published: September 2021

With the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, restoration of damaged ecosystems is turning into a global movement. Restoration actions that are not based on science and an understanding of ecosystem function can thwart desired restoration outcomes at best and cause further damage to ecosystems at worst. Restoration often includes revegetation using seed. Where we source seed for restoration can make a difference for species establishment, restoration outcomes, and recovery of ecosystem function. However, sourcing seeds of native species, let alone genetically appropriate seed, is not currently possible for many restoration projects. The process of increasing and sourcing suitable seed for restoration includes many steps that need to be addressed typically years before a restoration project is initiated. These steps of seed collection, evaluation and development, field establishment, production, certification and procurement, storage, and finally restoration, need to be considered ideally at a scale larger than individual restoration projects and with research conducted in each step. We describe these steps as implemented in the United States, the challenges therein, and provide suggestions and examples of how groups can make efficient and effective progress toward getting the right seed in the right place at the right time.
Analysis of Networks via the Sparseβ-model
Authors: Chen Mingli , Kato Kengo , Leng Chenlei
Published: September 2021

Data in the form of networks are increasingly available in a variety of areas, yet statistical models allowing for parameter estimates with desirable statistical properties for sparse networks remain scarce. To address this, we propose the Sparse β-Model (SβM), a new network model that interpolates the celebrated Erdős–Rényi model and the β-model that assigns one different parameter to each node. By a novel reparameterization of the β-model to distinguish global and local parameters, our SβM can drastically reduce the dimensionality of the β-model by requiring some of the local parameters to be zero. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the SβM when the support of the parameter vector is known. When the support is unknown, we formulate a penalized likelihood approach with the ℓ0-penalty. Remarkably, we show via a monotonicity lemma that the seemingly combinatorial computational problem due to the ℓ0-penalty can be overcome by assigning non-zero parameters to those nodes with the largest degrees. We further show that a β-min condition guarantees our method to identify the true model and provide excess risk bounds for the estimated parameters. The estimation procedure enjoys good finite sample properties as shown by simulation studies. The usefulness of the SβM is further illustrated via the analysis of a microfinance take-up example.
A new allele, HLA‐C*08:228, identified by sequence‐based typing in a Korean individual
Authors: Kim Chris Gunwoo , Kwon Oh‐Joong , Park Yong , Cho Yunjung
Published: September 2021

The new allele C*08:228 showed one nucleotide difference from C*08:01:01 in codon 36 (TTC −> TTG).
Establishment of a GC‐MS‐based 13C‐positional isotopomer approach suitable for investigating metabolic fluxes in plant primary metabolism
Authors: Lima Valéria F. , Erban Alexander , Daubermann André G. , Freire Francisco Bruno S. , Porto Nicole P. , Cândido‐Sobrinho Silvio A. , Medeiros David B. , Schwarzländer Markus , Fernie Alisdair R. , dos Anjos Leticia , Kopka Joachim , Daloso Danilo M.
Published: September 2021

13C‐Metabolic flux analysis (13C‐MFA) has greatly contributed to our understanding of plant metabolic regulation. However, the generation of detailed in vivo flux maps remains a major challenge. Flux investigations based on nuclear magnetic resonance have resolved small networks with high accuracy. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches have broader potential, but have hitherto been limited in their power to deduce flux information due to lack of atomic level position information. Herein we established a gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS‐based approach that provides 13C‐positional labelling information in glucose, malate and glutamate (Glu). A map of electron impact (EI)‐mediated MS fragmentation was created and validated by 13C‐positionally labelled references via GC‐EI‐MS and GC‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐MS technologies. The power of the approach was revealed by analysing previous 13C‐MFA data from leaves and guard cells, and 13C‐HCO3 labelling of guard cells harvested in the dark and after the dark‐to‐light transition. We demonstrated that the approach is applicable to established GC‐EI‐MS‐based 13C‐MFA without the need for experimental adjustment, but will benefit in the future from paired analyses by the two GC‐MS platforms. We identified specific glucose carbon atoms that are preferentially labelled by photosynthesis and gluconeogenesis, and provide an approach to investigate the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)‐derived 13C‐incorporation into malate and Glu. Our results suggest that gluconeogenesis and the PEPc‐mediated CO2 assimilation into malate are activated in a light‐independent manner in guard cells. We further highlight that the fluxes from glycolysis and PEPc toward Glu are restricted by the mitochondrial thioredoxin system in illuminated leaves.
Remote limb ischaemic conditioning produces cardioprotection in rats with testicular ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yan Zhibing , Du Lei , Liu Quanhua , Zhou Leng , Hu Zhaoyang
Published: September 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Can remote limb ischaemic conditioning produce cardioprotection in rats with testicular ischaemia–reperfusion injury?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Testicular ischaemia–reperfusion (TI/R)‐injured rats were predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced atrioventricular block. Remote limb ischaemia preconditioning and postconditioning protected TI/R hearts against ischaemia‐provoked ventricular arrhythmia and ultimately reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac death, with a possible role of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibition and connexin 43 activation.

Remote ischaemic conditioning can protect hearts against arrhythmia. Testicular ischaemia–reperfusion (TI/R) injury is associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities. We investigated the effect of remote limb ischaemia preconditioning (RIPre) and postconditioning (RIPost) on arrhythmogenesis in TI/R rats, and determined the potential role of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/connexin 43 (Cx43) signalling. Rats were randomized to sham‐operated, control, TI/R, RIPre and RIPost groups. TI/R rats were more predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced atrioventricular block (AVB). RIPre and RIPost reduced the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or AVB, and duration of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during myocardial reperfusion. RIPre and RIPost decreased myocardial I/R‐induced phosphorylation level of JNK, while preserving myocardial Cx43 expression in TI/R rats. Taken together, TI/R rats were predisposed to myocardial reperfusion‐induced AVB. RIPre and RIPost protected TI/R hearts against ischaemia‐provoked ventricular arrhythmia and ultimately reduced the incidence of SCD by suppressing JNK activation and restoring Cx43 expression.
Prediction of Pressure Rise in a Gas Turbine Exhaust Duct Under Flameout Scenarios While Operating on Hydrogen and Natural Gas Blends
Authors: Ugarte Orlando J. , Menon Suresh , Rattigan Wayne , Winstanley Paul , Saxena Priyank , Akiki Michel , Tarver Terry
Published: September 2021

In recent years, there is a growing interest in blending hydrogen with natural gas fuels to produce low-carbon electricity. It is important to evaluate the safety of gas turbine packages under these conditions, such as late-light off and flameout scenarios. However, the assessment of the safety risks by performing experiments in full-scale exhaust ducts is a very expensive and, potentially, risky endeavor. Computational simulations using a high fidelity CFD model provide a cost-effective way of assessing the safety risk. In this study, a computational model is implemented to perform three-dimensional, compressible, and unsteady simulations of reacting flows in a gas turbine exhaust duct. Computational results were validated against data obtained at the simulated conditions in a representative geometry. Due to the enormous size of the geometry, special attention was given to the discretization of the computational domain and the combustion model. Results show that CFD model predicts the main features of the pressure rise driven by the combustion process. The peak pressures obtained computationally and experimentally differed by 20%. This difference increased up to 45% by reducing the preheated inflow conditions. The effects of rig geometry and flow conditions on the accuracy of the CFD model are discussed.
Peak Temperature Mitigation of a Multimicrochannel Evaporator Under Transient Heat Loads
Authors: Anderson Caleb , Richey Joshua , Fish Michael , Bandhauer Todd
Published: September 2021

Microchannel flow boiling has shown great cooling potential with steady-state studies demonstrating the capability to dissipate heat fluxes over 1 kW cm−2. However, most microelectronic devices undergo transient heat loads involving cold startups or pulse-like power operation. Transient heating events in low thermal resistance, low thermal capacity cold plates may exacerbate boiling instabilities and result in device damage or failure due to local dryout conditions. Currently, limited studies are investigating these effects and potential mitigation strategies. In this study, step function, or pulsed, and ramped heat loads are investigated on a multimicrochannel silicon evaporator using R134a under a range of heat fluxes and ramping rates. The transient temperature response of the base heater is recorded using a calibrated infrared (IR) camera, while fluid flow visualization is captured using a video camera microscope. Pulsed heat loads resulted in a large temperature overshoot in the test section until the fluid reached the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), while significant vapor backflow is observed despite the presence of channel inlet restrictions. Steady boiling is eventually reached and vapor backflow is suppressed. The magnitude of the temperature overshoot is observed to be strongly dependent on peak heat flux. In contrast, ramped heat loads resulted in lower peak temperature rises before ONB as well as significantly reduced vapor backflow compared to the pulsed heat loads.
Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes
Authors: Stenqvist Thomas Birkedal , Melin Anna Katarina , Garthe Ina , Slater Gary , Paulsen Gøran , Iraki Juma , Areta Jose , Torstveit Monica Klungland
Published: September 2021

The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) includes wide-ranging effects on physiological and psychological functioning, performance, and general health. However, RED-S is understudied among male athletes at the highest performance levels. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate surrogate RED-S markers prevalence in Norwegian male Olympic-level athletes. Athletes (n = 44) aged 24.7 ± 3.8 years, body mass 81.3 ± 15.9 kg, body fat 13.7% ± 5.8%, and training volume 76.1 ± 22.9 hr/month were included. Assessed parameters included resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and venous blood variables (testosterone, free triiodothyronine, cortisol, and lipids). Seven athletes (16%) grouped by the presence of low RMR (RMRratio < 0.90) (0.81 ± 0.07 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09, p < .001, effect size 2.6), also showed lower testosterone (12.9 ± 5.3 vs. 19.0 ± 5.3 nmol/L, p = .020) than in normal RMR group. In low RMRratio individuals, prevalence of other RED-S markers (—subclinical—low testosterone, low free triiodothyronine, high cortisol, and elevated low-density lipoprotein) was (N/number of markers): 2/0, 2/1, 2/2, 1/3. Low bone mineral density (z-score < −1) was found in 16% of the athletes, all with normal RMR. Subclinical low testosterone and free triiodothyronine levels were found in nine (25%) and two (5%) athletes, respectively. Subclinical high cortisol was found in 23% of athletes while 34% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Seven of 12 athletes with two or more RED-S markers had normal RMR. In conclusion, this study found that multiple RED-S markers also exist in male Olympic-level athletes. This highlights the importance of regular screening of male elite athletes, to ensure early detection and treatment of RED-S.
For the Love of the Game: An Exploration of the Experiences and Psychosocial Development of Women 70 Years of Age and Older Who Play Volleyball
Authors: Kirby Jessica Brooke , Kluge Mary Ann
Published: September 2021

There is much to learn about the lived experience of sport participation in later life for older women. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 18 women volleyball players, ages 70 years and older. Four themes emerged from an inductive analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews: (a) seeking and enjoying optimal challenge, (b) demonstrating physical competence through skill mastery, (c) commitment to continue playing while navigating declining competence, and (d) connection with teammates and positive reinforcement. Following the inductive analysis, the themes were analyzed using personal assets frameworks as lenses through which to further understand how these women’s psychosocial development through sport compared with youth and Masters sport.Challenge,competence,connection, andcommitment to continuewere salient personal assets identified for these women. Researchers should continue to explore how positive sport development across the lifespan can be both universal and nuanced for diverse cohorts of athletes.
The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise Interventions on Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults Aged 80 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nicolson Philippa J.A. , Duong Vicky , Williamson Esther , Hopewell Sally , Lamb Sarah E.
Published: September 2021

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise on physical and psychosocial outcomes in community-dwelling adults aged 80 years or older. Databases were searched from inception to July 8, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened by two reviewers who extracted data and assessed study quality. Sixteen RCTs (1,660 participants) were included. Compared to nonexercise controls there was no evidence of an effect of exercise on performance based (standardized mean differences: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: [−0.19, 1.36]; I2: 89%; six RCTs; 290 participants; very low-quality evidence) or self-reported physical function (standardized mean differences: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: [−0.78, 3.48]; I2: 96%; three RCTs; 280 participants; very low-quality evidence) at short-medium term follow-up. Four RCTs reporting psychosocial outcomes could not be combined in meta-analysis and reported varying results. Exercise appeared to reduce the risk of mortality during follow-up (risk ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: [0.32, 0.70]; I2: 0.0%; six RCTs; 1,222 participants; low-quality evidence).
Big-data and artificial-intelligence-assisted vault prediction and EVO-ICL size selection for myopia correction
Authors: Shen Yang , Wang Lin , Jian Weijun , Shang Jianmin , Wang Xin , Ju Lie , Li Meiyan , Zhao Jing , Chen Xun , Ge Zongyuan , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao
Published: September 2021

Aims

To predict the vault and the EVO-implantable collamer lens (ICL) size by artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics.

Methods

Six thousand two hundred and ninety-seven eyes implanted with an ICL from 3536 patients were included. The vault values were measured by the anterior segment analyzer (Pentacam HR). Permutation importance and Impurity-based feature importance are used to investigate the importance between the vault and input parameters. Regression models and classification models are applied to predict the vault. The ICL size is set as the target of the prediction, and the vault and the other input features are set as the new inputs for the ICL size prediction. Data were collected from 2015 to 2020. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and XGBoost were demonstrated satisfying accuracy and mean area under the curve (AUC) scores in vault predicting and ICL sizing.

Results

In the prediction of the vault, the Random Forest has the best results in the regression model (R2=0.315), then follows the Gradient Boosting (R2=0.291) and XGBoost (R2=0.285). The maximum classification accuracy is 0.828 in Random Forest, and the mean AUC is 0.765. The Random Forest predicts the ICL size with an accuracy of 82.2% and the Gradient Boosting and XGBoost, which are also compatible with 81.5% and 81.8% accuracy, respectively.

Conclusions

Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models are applicable for vault predicting and ICL sizing. AI may assist ophthalmologists in improving ICL surgery safety, designing surgical strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes.
Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease
Authors: Walmsley Rosemary , Chan Shing , Smith-Byrne Karl , Ramakrishnan Rema , Woodward Mark , Rahimi Kazem , Dwyer Terence , Bennett Derrick , Doherty Aiden
Published: September 2021

Objective

To improve classification of movement behaviours in free-living accelerometer data using machine-learning methods, and to investigate the association between machine-learned movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults.

Methods

Using free-living data from 152 participants, we developed a machine-learning model to classify movement behaviours (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity behaviours (MVPA), light physical activity behaviours, sedentary behaviour, sleep) in wrist-worn accelerometer data. Participants in UK Biobank, a prospective cohort, were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 days, and we applied our machine-learning model to classify their movement behaviours. Using compositional data analysis Cox regression, we investigated how reallocating time between movement behaviours was associated with CVD incidence.

Results

In leave-one-participant-out analysis, our machine-learning method classified free-living movement behaviours with mean accuracy 88% (95% CI 87% to 89%) and Cohen’s kappa 0.80 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.82). Among 87 498 UK Biobank participants, there were 4105 incident CVD events. Reallocating time from any behaviour to MVPA, or reallocating time from sedentary behaviour to any behaviour, was associated with lower CVD risk. For an average individual, reallocating 20 min/day to MVPA from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 9% (95% CI 7% to 10%) lower risk, while reallocating 1 hour/day to sedentary behaviour from all other behaviours proportionally was associated with 5% (95% CI 3% to 7%) higher risk.

Conclusion

Machine-learning methods classified movement behaviours accurately in free-living accelerometer data. Reallocating time from other behaviours to MVPA, and from sedentary behaviour to other behaviours, was associated with lower risk of incident CVD, and should be promoted by interventions and guidelines.
Cohort profile: the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study (OLAWIS)
Authors: Mustard Cameron , Nadalin Victoria , Carnide Nancy , Tompa Emile , Smith Peter
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The substantial economic burden of work-related injury and illness, borne by workers, employers and social security programmes, is primarily attributed to the durations of work disability among workers whose recovery requires a period of absence from work, with the majority of costs arising from the minority of workers with the longest duration absences. The objective of the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study is to describe the long-term health and labour market outcomes of workers disabled by work injury or illness after they are no longer receiving benefits or services from the work disability insurance authority.

Participants

Workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness were recruited from a sample frame of disability benefit claimants with oversampling of claimants with longer benefit durations. Characteristics of workers, their employers and claimant benefits were obtained from baseline administrative data. Interviews completed at 18 months post injury (T1) and to be completed at 36 months (T2) measure return-to-work and work status; income; physical and mental health; case manager and healthcare provider interactions and employer accommodations supporting return-to-work and sociodemographic characteristics. Of eligible claimants, 40% (1132) participated in the T1 interview, with 96% consenting to participate in the T2 interview.

Findings to date

Preliminary descriptive analyses of T1 data have been completed. The median age was 50 years and 56% were male. At 18 months following injury, 61% were employed by their at-injury employer, 16% had changed employment and 23% were not working. Past-year prescription opioid use was prevalent (34%), as was past-year cannabis use (31%). Longer duration claimants had poorer function, recovery and health and more adverse labour market outcomes.

Future plans

Multivariate analyses to identify modifiable predictors of adverse health and labour market outcomes and a follow-up survey of 96% of participants consenting to follow-up at 36 months are planned.
COVID-19 recovery: benefits of multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation
Authors: Everaerts Stephanie , Heyns Arne , Langer Daniel , Beyens Hilde , Hermans Greet , Troosters Thierry , Gosselink Rik , Lorent Natalie , Janssens Wim
Published: September 2021

Many patients struggle with ongoing symptoms in different domains (physical, mental, cognitive) after hospitalisation for COVID-19, calling out for a multidisciplinary approach. An outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme, according to a respiratory rehabilitation strategy, was set up for adult patients who were able to attend group sessions during 12 weeks. Results of 22 adult patients with COVID-19, of which 15 had required intensive care, were analysed and some general impressions and challenges of rehabilitation in COVID-19 were reported. Impressive results on physical recovery were determined after 6 weeks and 3 months, with significant improvement of lung function, muscle force and exercise capacity variables. A positive evolution of mental and cognitive burden was present, although less pronounced than the physical recovery. These mental and cognitive consequences seem, next to musculoskeletal and medical complications, the most challenging aspect of rehabilitating patients with COVID-19. These real-world data show feasibility and efficiency of a multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation programme after moderate to severe COVID-19 disease.
Performance of popular pulse oximeters compared with simultaneous arterial oxygen saturation or clinical-grade pulse oximetry: a cross-sectional validation study in intensive care patients
Authors: Harskamp Ralf E , Bekker Luuk , Himmelreich Jelle C L , De Clercq Lukas , Karregat Evert P M , Sleeswijk Mengalvio E , Lucassen Wim A M
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of direct-to-consumer pulse oximeters under clinical conditions, with arterial blood gas measurement (SaO2) as reference standard.

Design

Cross-sectional, validation study.

Setting

Intensive care.

Participants

Adult patients requiring SaO2-monitoring.

Interventions

The studied oximeters are top-selling in Europe/USA (AFAC FS10D, AGPTEK FS10C, ANAPULSE ANP 100, Cocobear, Contec CMS50D1, HYLOGY MD-H37, Mommed YM101, PRCMISEMED F4PRO, PULOX PO-200 and Zacurate Pro Series 500 DL). Directly after collection of a SaO2blood sample, we obtained pulse oximeter readings (SpO2). SpO2-readings were performed in rotating order, blinded for SaO2and completed <10 min after blood sample collection.

Outcome measures

Bias (SpO2–SaO2) mean, root mean square difference (ARMS), mean absolute error (MAE) and accuracy in identifying hypoxaemia (SaO2≤90%). As a clinical index test, we included a hospital-grade SpO2-monitor (Philips).

Results

In 35 consecutive patients, we obtained 2258 SpO2-readings and 234 SaO2-samples. Mean bias ranged from −0.6 to −4.8. None of the pulse oximeters met ARMS≤3%, the requirement set by International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)-standards and required for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 501(k)-clearance. The MAE ranged from 2.3 to 5.1, and five out of ten pulse oximeters met the requirement of ≤3%. For hypoxaemia, negative predictive values were 98%–99%. Positive predictive values ranged from 11% to 30%. Highest accuracy (95% CI) was found for Contec CMS50D1; 91% (86–94) and Zacurate Pro Series 500 DL; 90% (85–94). The hospital-grade SpO2-monitor had an ARMSof 3.0% and MAE of 1.9, and an accuracy of 95% (91%–97%).

Conclusion

Top-selling, direct-to-consumer pulse oximeters can accurately rule out hypoxaemia, but do not meet ISO-standards required for FDA-clearance
Using computerised adaptive tests to screen for perinatal depression in underserved women of colour
Authors: Wenzel Elizabeth , Penalver Bernabe Beatriz , Dowty Shannon , Nagelli Unnathi , Pezley Lacey , Gibbons Robert , Maki Pauline
Published: September 2021

Background

Compared with traditional screening questionnaires, computerised adaptive tests for severity of depression (CAT-DI) and computerised adaptive diagnostic modules for depression (CAD-MDD) show improved precision in screening for major depressive disorder. CAT measures have been tailored to perinatal women but have not been studied in low-income women of colour despite high rates of perinatal depression (PND).

Objective

This study aimed to examine the concordance between CAT and traditional measures of depression in a sample of primarily low-income black and Latina women.

Methods

In total, 373 women (49% black; 29% Latina) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), CAD-MDD and CAT-DI at 845 visits across pregnancy and postpartum. We examined the concordance between continuous CAT-DI and PHQ-9 scores and between binary measures of PND diagnosis on CAD-MDD and the PHQ-9 (cut-off score >10). We examined cases with a positive PND diagnosis on the CAD-MDD but not on the PHQ-9 (‘missed’ cases) to determine whether clinic notes were consistent with CAD-MDD results.

Findings

CAT-DI and PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated (concordance correlation coefficient=0.67; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.74). CAD-MDD detected 5% more case of PND compared with PHQ-9 (p<0.001). The average per-visit rate of PND was 14.4% (14.5% in blacks, 14.9% in Latinas) on the CAD-MDD, and 9.5% (9.8% in blacks, 8.8% in Latinas) on the PHQ-9. Clinical notes were available on 60% of ‘missed’ cases and validated CAD-MDD PND diagnosis in 89% of cases.

Conclusions

CAD-MDD detected 5% more cases of PND in women of colour compared with traditional tests, and the majority of these cases were verified by clinician notes.

Clinical implications

Use of CAT in routine clinic care may address health disparities in PND screening.
Evaluation of the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 panel for the detection of 1p/19q codeletion in oligodendroglial tumours
Authors: Ali Rola H , Alateeqi Mona , Jama Hiba , Alrumaidhi Noor , Alqallaf Ali , Mohammed Eiman Mahmoud , Almurshed Maryam , Bahzad Shakir
Published: September 2021

Aims

Accurate assessment of 1p/19q codeletion status in diffuse gliomas is of paramount importance for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes. While targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely implemented for glioma molecular profiling, its role in detecting structural chromosomal variants is less well established, requiring supplementary informatic tools for robust detection. Herein, we evaluated a commercially available amplicon-based targeted NGS panel (Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3) for the detection of 1p/19q losses in glioma tissues using an Ion Torrent platform and the standard built-in NGS data analysis pipeline solely.

Methods

Using as little as 20 ng of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, we analysed 25 previously characterised gliomas for multi-locus copy number losses (CNLs) on 1p and 19q, including 11 oligodendrogliomas (ODG) and 14 non-oligodendroglial (non-ODG) controls. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) was used as a reference standard.

Results

The software confidently detected combined contiguous 1p/19q CNLs in 11/11 ODGs (100% sensitivity), using a copy number cut-off of ≤1.5 and a minimum of 10 amplicons covering the regions. Only partial non-specific losses were identified in non-ODGs (100% specificity). Copy number averages of ODG and non-ODG groups were significantly different (p<0.001). NGS was concordant with FISH and was superior to it in distinguishing partial from contiguous losses indicative of whole-arm chromosomal deletion.

Conclusions

This commercial NGS panel, along with the standard Ion Torrent algorithm, accurately detected 1p/19q losses in ODG samples, obviating the need for specialised custom-made informatic analyses. This can easily be incorporated into routine glioma workflow as an alternative to FISH.
Cerebral angiographic features of central retinal artery occlusion patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis
Authors: Kim Jongshin , Jung Seunguk , Park Kyu Hyung , Woo Se Joon , Jung Cheolkyu
Published: September 2021

Background

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ischemic stroke of the eye. The atherosclerotic lesions in the intracranial segment of the carotid artery (CA) and the ophthalmic artery (OphA) are not well defined. We aimed to investigate the cerebral angiographic features of CRAO patients and assess the relationship between the angiographic features and outcomes after intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT).

Methods

We included 101 acute non-arteritic CRAO patients treated with IAT. We analyzed the detailed angiographic features of the OphA and ipsilateral CA, visual acuity, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results

Of the 101 patients, 38 patients (37.6%) had steno-occlusive lesions in the OphA, and 62 patients (61.4%) had atherosclerotic lesions in the ipsilateral CA. The patients with a higher degree of stenosis in the OphA showed a higher degree of stenosis (P=0.049) and a more severe morphology of plaque (P=0.000) in the ipsilateral CA. Additionally, although the visual outcome was not associated with these angiographic features, the lower degree of stenosis and less severe morphology of plaque in the ipsilateral CA resulted in a significant improvement in early reperfusion rate (P=0.018 and P=0.014, respectively) and arm-to-retina circulation (P=0.016 and P=0.002, respectively) of the eye after IAT.

Conclusions

There was a significant correlation in the severity of steno-occlusive lesions between the OphA and the ipsilateral CA in patients with CRAO. The patients with less severe angiographic features in the CA showed a more improved retinal reperfusion after IAT. The angiographic findings in the CA may serve as a predictive marker for the vessel integrity of the OphA and recanalization outcome after IAT.
Vitamin D levels and mortality with SARS-COV-2 infection: a retrospective two-centre cohort study
Authors: Zafar Mansoor , Karkhanis Mangala , Shahbaz Muhammad , Khanna Alisha , Barry Lucinda , Alam Saba , Lawrence Kamal , Pun Bipin , Eldebri Reem , Makanjuola Opeyemi , Safarova Dana , Farooq Mariya , Nooredinavand Hesam , Cuison Frderic , Subba Karuna , Singh Randhawa Ratan , Hegner Johannes , Oluwamayowa Ojofeitimi , Elyasaky Amr , Adekunle Bolurin , Periasamy Manivannan , Abdelbagi Mohamed , Maryam Zahra , Khuu Bao , Esteves Morete Andreia , Ciroi Giulio , Moran Steve , O'Neill William , Zafar Maaryah J , Zafar Nadiyah , Patel Mirej , Golez Raphael , Hadid Abubakr , Muhammad Tila , Mayhead Philip , Whitehead Mark , Dashora Umesh
Published: September 2021

Background

The role of vitamin D in increased mortality with SARS-COV-2 virus, namely, COVID-19, remains uncertain. We analysed all the patients who were treated as COVID-19-positive with or without a positive swab and were tested for vitamin D levels.

Methods

This was a retrospective, study involving 1226 patients swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 between the 10 February 2020 and 1 May 2020 at two hospitals of East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust. Patients who were swab-positive for COVID-19 or treated as COVID-19-positive on clinical grounds even though swab results were negative were included in this study. We analysed the association of vitamin D levels and mortality, assessing linear and non-linear associations.

Results

A total of 1226 patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA swabs in this period with age range from 1 year to 101 years. A cohort of 433 of these patients had swabs and recent vitamin D levels anytime in the previous 3 months. Mortality rates were not found to be associated with vitamin D levels (OR=1.04, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.12).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest similar mortality risk from COVID-19 irrespective of the levels of vitamin D. Larger prospective studies will be needed to confirm these findings.