bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanotoxicity: The Dark Side of Nanoformulations
Authors: Asati Saket , Sahu Adarsh , Jain Ashish
Published: December 2020

Nanotoxicity has become the topic of great concern in nanoscience and nanotechnology
because of the increasing toxic effects of nanomaterials on living organisms. The toxic patterns of
chemotherapeutic drugs, nanomedicines, and nanocarrier are closely associated. Long term exposure
of nanocarrier composed of several bioactive (protein and peptide drugs) and chemotherapeutic
drugs (anticancerous agents) leads to toxicity, selective induction of cytotoxicity in normal cells
and organ. Important factors that contribute directly and significantly to the toxicity of nanoparticles
(NPs) constitute particle size, shape and surface area. Apart from size and shape, the structure
of the NPs also contributes to nanotoxicity. The review focuses on the basic perceptions and mechanisms
of nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity is introduced along with a detailed
classification of drug delivery approaches i.e., carbon nanotubes, Quantum dots, fullerenes and
NPs and nanotoxicity models, supported by the most contemporary investigation studies with distinctive
emphasis on the communicate between nanotoxicity and nanomedicines research, which is
emphasized in order to discover future prospects for developing progressive therapeutic methods.
In this framework, the present silhouette focused on assembling and present recent advances, outcomes,
and interlinks between nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity disciplines in order
to provide inclusive supervision for future nanotechnology-based medicinal research. Reactive
oxygen stress with subsequent DNA damage is the major reason for nanotoxicity which can be
overcome using green nanoscience uses of antioxidants and surface modification. The silhouette is
established with future forecasts on the use of nanocarrier for manipulating the behavior of living
organisms.
PEMANFAATAN INDEKS VEGETASI UNTUK ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN KALIUM PADA TANAMAN NANAS (Ananas comosus) MENGGUNAKAN UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) DI PT. GREAT GIANT PINEAPPLE, LAMPUNG
Authors: Khairunnisa Dita , Rayes Mochtar Lutfi , Agustina Christanti
Published: December 2020

PT Great Giant Pineapple (PT. GGP) is the largest pineapple production company in Indonesia. One of the nutrients that pineapple plants really need is potassium (K). K plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism and transport of photosynthates from source to sink. Remote sensing technology has been developed to estimate nutrient status, one of which is using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This study aims to estimate the K nutrient content in pineapple plants using vegetation indexes in the form of NDVI (Normalyzed Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), and OSAVI (Optimized of Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). The research was carried out by taking aerial photographs and samples of pineapple plants in the 5 months phase before forcing up to 2 months after forcing (F-5 to F + 2), laboratory analysis, statistical analysis, and making distribution maps. The results showed that the relationship between the vegetation index value and K plant was the strongest and most significant is in 1 month before forcing phase (F-1) with the same r value for the three indices vegetation (r=0.867). The results of the regression analysis between the NDVI, SAVI and OSAVI values with K plant were 75.17%, 75.18% and 75.17%, respectively. The calculation of the K estimate using three methods yields no different values. The validation results using paired t test (t count -0.63; t table 2.31; p-value 0.544) where the K content in the measured plants and the estimation results showed no significant difference with the measurement results.
PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS KOTORAN KAMBING DENGAN RESIDU UREA-HUMAT TERHADAP UNSUR P, K SERTA PERTUMBUHAN OKRA (Abelmoshus esculentus L.) PADA ENTISOL, WAJAK MALANG
Authors: Susanto Cahyo Bagus , Kurniawan Syahrul
Published: December 2020

Entisol of Wajak Malang has low base saturation and organic matter and slightly acid. The result of the analysis also showed that soil has nutrient P with high criteria; however, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na contents are low to very low criteria. Application of humic acid at the first planting can leave residual nutrients and can still be used in the second planting. Besides urea-humic, goat manure can also be because it can improve soil properties, organic matter and nutrients contents. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the application of urea-humic residue with goat manure on the availability of phosphorus, potassium and the growth of okra on an Entisol of Wajak Malang. The combination of treatments consisted of: U1 (soil residue urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH1 (soil residue of urea-humic 75% + goat manure), UH2 (soil residue of urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH3 (soil residue of urea-humic 125% + goat manure), UH4 (soil residue if urea-humic 150% + goat manure). The five treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that urea-humic residue with application goat manure had no significant effect on available P, exchangeable K in the soil, plants height and leaf number of okra on 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA LAHAN KERING DI KECAMATAN WAGIR KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Ridayanti Mei , Rayes Mochtar Lutfi , Agustina Christanti
Published: December 2020

Malang Regency has a large area of dry land and currently being developed as a center for food crops, especially corn. Corn production in Malang Regency has not provided high productivity, one of which is in Wagir Regency. This study aims to determine the actual land suitability class, determine the characteristics of the land that affects the productivity of corn, determine the actual productivity class of corn, and develop new land suitability criteria using the boundary line method. This research was conducted in May - September 2019 in Wagir District, Malang, using a physiographic survey method based on the Land Mapping Unit. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-120 cm (minipit and drilling) at each observation points (42 points) and analyzed in the laboratory (texture, pH, CEC, C-Organic, BS, N-total, P2O5, Potassium, Ca, Mg, and Na). The determination of land suitability class is carried out using the SPKL (Sistem penilaian kesesuaian lahan) application and the modification of the criteria is carried out using the boundary line method. The results of the land suitability evaluation according to the criteria of Ritung et al. (2011) in Wagir District, Malang Regency, included in class S3 and N, with limiting factors in rainfall, Base Saturation, pH, C-Organic, N-total, P2O5, Potassium, slope and erosion hazard. Stepwise analysis result showed that slope and air temperature determined corn productivity in research area. Boundary lines analysis gave results that modified suitability classified as S3 and N which is the same category as actual suitability classes.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN TANAMAN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN APLIKASI SPKL DI KECAMATAN CIAMPEA, KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rosani Aldila Raffaelia , Soemarno S , Sulaiman Yiyi
Published: December 2020

Sweet potato plant is one of the food crops that can be utilized by the community to fulfil the need for carbohydrates and vitamins. West Java province as one of the centres of production of this plant is considered to have a good cultivation potential, but lately, it has experienced decreasing land productivity caused by the depreciation of planting areas. The research was conducted in the Sub-district of Ciampea, Bogor, West Java. Research activities were conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. This research was carried out by physiographic method with an analytical approach that utilizes the soil map, where the research location was divided into 12 mapping units as a basis of ground check activities. The land suitability evaluation used the SPKL software application (Land Suitability Assessment System). Results showed that the cultivation of sweet potato in the sub-district of Ciampea was carried out on the marginally suitable lands (S3) and not suitable lands (N) with limiting factors of annual rainfall, land-slope, and soil texture.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI RHIZOBAKTERI POTENSIAL DARI ULTISOL SEBAGAI PUPUK HAYATI LOKAL
Authors: Garuda G
Published: December 2020

Southeast Sulawesi is one of the provinces where agriculture is one of the fastest growing industries because most of the people are farmers. An obstacle encountered by farmers in Southeast Sulawesi is the lack of land for farming because most of the area is dominated by Ultisol. One way to overcome this problem is by using biofertilizers. This study aimed to isolate and characterize rhizobacteria from Ultisol as a material for making biofertilizers. The method used in sampling was purposive sampling. Soil samples taken were isolated for microorganisms and tested for hypersensitivity and then characterized based on the ability of nitrogen fixation, phosphate dissolving, and production of growth regulators. The test results and characterization of rhizobacteria selected 10 isolates from 92 isolated isolates, namely MN-06, MN-12, MN-21, KDI-09, KDI-11, KNW-02, KNW-05, KTM-07, KLK-04 , and KLK-09.
PENGARUH KOMPOS JERAMI PADI PLUS TITHONIA DAN BIOCHAR TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH SAWAH
Authors: Lucky M , Yasin Syafrimen , Gusnidar G
Published: December 2020

The low level of soil fertility resulted in a decrease in productivity intensification of rice fields. One of the efforts conducted by farmers to improve fertility is the continuous application of synthetic fertilizer (PS). Intensive use made PS cause pollution and soil damage. This study was aimed to identification at the best combination the straw plus tithonia compost (J+T) and biochar to improve soil chemical properties intensification of rice fields, and then looked the effect of increasing compost (J+T) and biochar to soil chemical properties intensification of rice fields. This research was conducted in rice fields in Kuranji, Padang City, West Sumatera. The experimental design used a randomized complete block design. The treatments were 0% compost (J+T) and 0% biochar; 100% compost (J+T); 75% compost (J+T) and 25% biochar; 50% compost (J+T) and 50% biochar; 25% compost (J+T) and 75% biochar; 100% biochar. The results showed that the 25% compost (J+T) and 75% biochar was the best combination to improve soil chemical properties intensification of rice fields. The dosage increased soil pH by 6.30; Eh 65.00 mV; organic C 2.53%; organic M 4.35%; total N 0.93%; available P 26.00 ppm; CEC 40,48 cmol kg-1; exchangeable K 1.47 cmol kg-1; exchangeable Ca 1.06 cmol kg-1; exchangeable Na 0.67 cmol kg-1; and exchangeable Mg 0.57 cmol kg-1.
INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE AS INTERGENERATIONAL INCLUSION: new challenges for welfare systems
Authors: Balduzzi Giacomo , Favretto Anna Rosa
Published: December 2020

The principle of intergenerational justice is much more common in the environmental sector, but it is becoming less unusual to consider it in a social and political context. The last economic crisis has significantly increased inequality among and across generations. In several EU countries, the number of NEETs raised dramatically after the recession. Moving from the Italian case, the paper focuses on the policies recently implemented to tackle the problem. Evidence shows that solutions exclusively focused on the labour market are not sufficient to activate a full social inclusion. Hence, the authors suggest considering intergenerational justice as intergenerational inclusion and in terms of active participation and empowerment in people’s local communities. The analysis takes into account theoretical issues and practical implications of such a viewpoint, referring in particular to welfare systems and their effectiveness in facing this kind of challenge.
O CONTROLE ILIMITADO DAS EMPRESAS-PLATAFORMA NA SOCIEDADE DA VIGILÂNCIA E OS IMPACTOS NAS GREVES
Authors: Barbato Maria Rosaria , Moura Natália das Chagas
Published: December 2020

Com o avanço e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia, os empregadores tem utilizado dispositivos tecnológicos que potencializam o poder diretivo e de controle sobre os trabalhadores.  Por outro lado, o emprego dessas tecnologias está limitado a algumas garantias e direitos fundamentais do ser humano, como o direito à privacidade, à intimidade, à liberdade de expressão, ao direito de reunião e está sujeito às obrigações contratuais de transparência e de lealdade. Este ensaio objetiva, por meio de estudos de algumas greves e manifestações que vêm ocorrendo em face de empresas-plataformas, refletir sobre o controle ilimitado que está sendo implantado em relação ao trabalho uberizado. Pretende também observar como esse controle está sendo viabilizado pela própria adesão dos trabalhadores à lógica empresarial. Elege-se, como metodologia, a análise bibliográfica e de dados, assim como o estudo de algumas entrevistas que revelam a dimensão desse controle sobre o trabalho humano.
CRISIS SANITARIA Y ESTADO DE ALARMA EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Barrilao Juan Francisco Sánchez
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo estudia cómo se ha gestionado la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 en España, como la posterior crisis social y económica que se ha generado. Y ello, especialmente, al respecto del estado de alarma declarado por el Gobierno español. En este sentido, primero se expone el marco jurídico relativo a la salud pública y a los servicios sanitarios en España, para concretar también en el régimen de excepción previsto por la Constitución española. Luego se presenta el estado de alarma declarado en España por el Gobierno central, así como las medidas más relevantes que ha adoptado con relación a la sanidad, a la limitación de derechos (a fin de evitar contagios) y para otras necesidades sociales y económicas. Por último, se advierten las tensiones políticas que la vigente crisis está generando a nivel social y parlamentario, además de en el plano autonómico y europeo.
An Intervention to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Identity Learning for Very Young Adolescents and Support Gender Equity: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Cherewick Megan , Lebu Sarah , Su Christine , Dahl Ronald E
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The onset of puberty is a pivotal period of human development that is associated with significant changes in cognitive, social, emotional, psychological, and behavioral processes that shape identity formation. Very early adolescence provides a critical opportunity to shape identity formation around gender norms, attitudes, and beliefs before inequitable gender norms are amplified during and after puberty.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the Discover Learning Project is to integrate strategic insights from developmental science to promote positive transformation in social, emotional, and gender identity learning among 10- to 11-year-olds in Tanzania. Through a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, the intervention scaffolds the development of critical social and emotional mindsets and skills (curiosity, generosity, persistence, purpose, growth mindset, and teamwork) delivered by conducting 18 after-school, technology-driven, experiential learning sessions in small, mixed-gender groups.

METHODS

The Discover Learning Intervention is a 3-arm randomized controlled trial that will be delivered to 579 participants selected from four public primary schools in Temeke District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Randomization will be done at the individual level into 3 treatment groups receiving incremental intervention components. The treatment components include Discover Learning content curated into child-friendly videos, facilitated discussions, and a parent-child workbook, to be implemented over two phases, each 6 weeks long. A baseline survey will be administered to participants and their parents prior to the intervention. The process will be observed systematically, and data will be collected using surveys, in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions with adolescents, parents, teachers, and facilitators conducted prior, during, and after each implementation phase.

RESULTS

This study builds on formative and pilot studies conducted with the target population to inform the design of the intervention. The results will generate new evidence that will inform strategies for achieving scale in Tanzania and provide insights for replication of similar programs that are invested in gender-transformative interventions in peri-urban, low-resource settings.

CONCLUSIONS

The Discover Learning Intervention makes an important contribution to the field of adolescent developmental science as an intervention designed for very young adolescents in a low-resource setting.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04458077; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04458077

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/23071
Mining Electronic Health Records to Promote the Reach of Digital Interventions for Cancer Prevention Through Proactive Electronic Outreach: Protocol for the Mixed Methods OptiMine Study (Preprint)
Authors: Amato Michael S , El-Toukhy Sherine , Abroms Lorien C , Goodfellow Henry , Ramsey Alex T , Brown Tracey , Jopling Helena , Khadjesari Zarnie
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Digital behavior change interventions have demonstrated effectiveness for smoking cessation and reducing alcohol intake, which ultimately reduce cancer risk. Leveraging electronic health records (EHR) to identify at-risk patients and increasing the reach of digital interventions through proactive electronic outreach provide a novel approach that may increase the number of individuals who engage with evidence-based treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to increase the reach of digital behavior change interventions by implementing a proactive electronic message system for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction among a large, at-risk population identified through an acute hospital EHR.

METHODS

This protocol describes a 3-phase, mixed-methods implementation study to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and reach of a proactive electronic message system to digital interventions using a hospital’s EHR system to identify eligible patients. In Phase 1, we will conduct focus group discussions with patients and hospital staff to assess the overall acceptability of the electronic message system. In Phase 2, we will conduct a descriptive analysis of the patient population in the hospital EHR regarding target risk behaviors and other person-level characteristics to determine the project’s feasibility and potential reach. In Phase 3, we will send proactive messages to patients identified as smokers or risky drinkers. Messages will encourage and provide access to behavior change mobile apps via an embedded link; the primary outcome will be the proportion of participants who click on the link to access information about the apps.

RESULTS

At the time of initial protocol submission, data collection was complete, but analysis had not begun. This study was funded by Cancer Research UK from April 2019 to March 2020. Health Research Authority approval was granted in June 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing the reach of digital behavior change interventions can improve population health by reducing the burden of preventable death and disease.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/23669
THE GUISE OF U.S. NATIONAL REFERRAL AUTHORITY TO “OTHERING” REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS: A TWAIL APPROACH
Authors: Salsabila Alifa
Published: December 2020

President Trump’s issuance of Executive Order 13769 titled “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States” restricts and even bans access to refugees and asylum seekers from seeking international protection in and from the United States. It is done by creating narratives that refugees and asylum seekers are capable of committing “potential threats” under the umbrella of terrorism. This study aims to dismantle the paradoxes the Executive Order conveys. It focuses on the international refugee regime under the ambit of international law and a broader context of immigration debates—socially, economically, and culturally. This study uses theThird World Approach to International Law (TWAIL),making it possible for academic legal discussionto correspond in cultural context. The findings show that Trump’s Executive Order 13769 functions as the tool for the United States to “othering” refugees and asylum seekers as foreign terrorists in order to wage its national interests while ruling out humanity and the regime.
Assessment on the Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Improving Students' Learning and Academic Performance in Government Secondary Schools in Manyoni District-Singida, Tanzania
Authors: Nange Martina Mathew , Mkulu Demetria Gerold
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at assessing the implementation of TQM in government secondary schools in improving students' academic achievement in Manyoni district Singida region. The researcher used three objectives to guide the study. To examine the association among total quality management principles and students' school success in public secondary schools in Manyoni District, to identify the challenges encountered by school heads in the whole process of quality supervision in schools and learners' academic attainment and to identify possible measures to the challenges in the implementation of total quality management in public secondary schools in Manyoni District. The study employed total quality management theory that founded by Deming in 1950s. It employed a mixed approaches research design, specifically convergent parallel mixed-method research design. The study used probability and non[1]probability in selecting sample. A total of 164 respondents from four public secondary schools were involving in the current study. The major instruments used were questionnaires that had a coefficient coloration of 0.73 to prove the reliability of the instruments. Other instruments used were in-depth interview guide. The researchers employed Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 for analysis of quantitative data. The information were analysed using descriptive approaches such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, and results presented using tables, pie charts, and bar graphs. Qualitative data were analysed by means of open coding, categories, meaningful themes, as well as summarization of data. The results indicated that total quality management ideologies were very crucial in enhancing academics development in secondary schools. However, the study found that total quality management in public secondary schools in Manyoni is not implemented effectively. Therefore the government should ensure that all secondary schools are implementing TQM
Challenges Facing Heads of Schools in Performing Procurement Activities: A Case of Public Secondary Schools in Monduli District Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Muhoja Nestory Thomas , Mkulu Demetria Gerold
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper was to examine the challenges facing heads of schools in performing procurement activities in public secondary schools. The current study employed mixed research approach and convergent parallel design. A sample size of 198 respondents comprising of 152 teachers, 36 procurement committee members, 4 heads of school, 4 school bursars, 1 District education officer and 1 head of procurement management unit. Both probability and none probability sampling techniques were used to gather the participants. This study adopted cost-benefit analysis theory. Data were collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented in themes and summarization while quantitative data were analyzed descriptively with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 and presented by charts, tables, percentages and frequencies. Quantitative instruments were validated using split half and a coefficient of 0.79 was obtained whereas content and face validity used to validate the quantitative instrument. Credibility was used to validate the qualitative tools while, reliability of qualitative instrument was ensured through the use of dependability. The findings revealed that challenges facing heads of schools included lack of procurement personnel, inadequate knowledge, skills and experience on procurement, insufficient funds, political interference, and favouritism and nepotism. The study recommended that there should be efforts to overcome the challenges facing heads of schools so as to improve the procurement practices in secondary schools
Administrative Challenges Facing Heads of Public Secondary Schools in the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Kondoa Town Council, Tanzania
Authors: M. Malusu Paulina , Mkulu Demetria Gerold
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at examining the administrative challenges that faced heads of public secondary schools in the implementation of the strategic plans in Kondoa Town Council. The study was guided by two objectives; to examine the administrative factors that were affecting the implementation of strategic plans; to explore the possible measures that could curb administrative challenges faced by the heads of school in the implementation of strategic plans. The study employed a convergent parallel design under a mixed research method approach. The study had a sample size of 70 participants which were; secondary schools teachers 61, including one District Education Officer, four ward education officers and 4 heads of schools. Stratified, simple random sampling and purposive techniques were used. Instruments such as; questionnaires that have a correlation coefficient of 0.78 which was high enough to go the field for data collections. Interview guides and document analysis were employed. The quantitative data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 20. The gathered data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the results were presented using tables, frequency, percentages and figures. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed in terms of categories, themes and report writing. The results of the study specified that the heads of schools were involved in strategic planning however they have limited knowledge and skills, adequate fund, lack of community participation, shortage of teachers, inadequate infrastructure, and political leaders’ interference in executing the strategic plans for the schools which were also a challenge to them. The study recommended that the government should, train heads of schools on how to effectively draw a strategic plan. Furthermore the study recommended that the government should provide a reasonable budget that would facilitate the implementation of strategic plans monitor and evaluate the carrying out the strategic plans through the local government authorities within the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" and Devkota's "In Falgun Blooms the Entire World": Western vs Eastern Treatment to Nature
Authors: Chitrakar Dr. Raju
Published: December 2020

Western view of human and nature relationship is anthropocentric. It takes human being as the center of value and nature as an object created for human benefit. One may wonder how may be the eastern view of human and nature relationship. This article studies how the east takes nature. This has been done by studying mainly two love poems: one English poet Marvell's "To his Coy Mistress" and another Nepali poet Devkota's “In Falgun Blooms the Entire World”. They are representative poems of the western anthropocentric and eastern non-anthropocentric relationship with nature.
A Review of Self-efficacy of Learners through Online Learning
Authors: Li Dan
Published: December 2020

E‐learning has been adopted as the alternative learning mode across the board during COVID‐ 19 pandemic to persist academic activities due to nationwide closures. Self-efficacy plays a mediated role in and is positively correlated with academic achievements of distance education. Objective factors (online connection, online learning experience and knowledge, online classroom environment, and others) and subjective factors (learning attitudes of students, interaction among students, online teaching capability of teachers, emotion and psychological states and others), influence by and large self-efficacy of learners who conduct online education. Additionally, different measurements of self-efficacy are discussed, with the result that Questionnaire of English Self-Efficacy (QESE) is a professional and valid tool to measure self-efficacy of English-major learners. There is such a paucity of studying learners’ self-efficacy via e-learning that this paper fills the gap to study the topic.
Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Local Government Employees in Matalam, Cotabato Philippines: A Basis for Intervention Program
Authors: P. Nitafan Rowell , Camay Janette C.
Published: December 2020

The study was a descriptive-correlational research. It primarily aimed to determine the significant relationship between the work motivation and job satisfaction of regular employees of the municipal local government of Matalam, Cotabato, Philippines. The study found out that regular employees have moderate level of work motivation with a high level of need of affiliation and achievement while moderate level of need of power. Moreover, the study determined that the regular employees have a high level of job satisfaction at work with high level of satisfaction on co-workers’ support and work conditions while moderate level of satisfaction on benefits and managerial support. Moreover, the study also proposed an intervention program that the Heads, Supervisors and Human Resource Management Development Office may use as a keystone in addressing problems on work motivation explored in the study such as issues on wanting to be liked by others, finding themselves talking to those around them about non-work matters, inability to solve the problems that arise in work and issues on being in charge. The intervention program also had recommendations to address problems on job satisfaction of the regular employees such as issues on their current salary on meeting their qualification, colleagues on giving them opportunities to contribute ideas from various perspectives, contentment on working under the supervision, continuous feedback of the supervisor to help them achieve the goals, and meeting career objectives through the current jobs. Lastly, the research determined a positive yet low relationship between the work motivation and job satisfaction of the regular employees. Nevertheless, the study concluded that the correlation that was found between the variables was insignificant and due to probability. Also, no dimension of work motivation was found to be statistically significantly associated with any of the dimensions of job burnout.
Consumers’ Perceived quality of Restaurants in Nueva Ecija
Authors: Y. Vigilia Aileen
Published: December 2020

Some determinants of customer satisfaction are the physical environment and the interactional quality of restaurants. This paper assessed the quality of restaurants in terms of physical environment quality, interactional quality and outcome quality of restaurants. A total of 29 restaurants (18 fast food restaurants and 11 fine dining restaurants) were surveyed used an adapted questionnaire with likert-scale responses. In lieu of the foregoing discussions, the researcher had drawn three conclusions. First, restaurants provide physical environment quality in terms of ambient condition, spatial layout, and seating comfort. It is implied that customers were considering the physical conditions of a restaurant in its provision of comfort to customers. Hence, it is recommended to regulate the temperature inside the restaurant and review the signage boards to avoid confusion of customers. Second, restaurants provide interactional quality in terms of assurance, empathy, reliability and responsiveness. It is implied that customers were observant to the servers of the restaurant which yields customer satisfaction. Hence, it is recommended that restaurants should improve the speed of service to raise its interactional quality. Third, restaurants provide outcome quality in their menu and served foods. It is implied that customers seek for variety in the menu and quality food to ease their cravings. Hence, it is recommended that restaurants should add variety of foods so customers will have more options to choose from.
Implementation of the Management of Hospital Wastes: An Assessment
Authors: Magbitang – Murillo Lady Anne
Published: December 2020

This paper described the perceived strategies by the hospital owners/administrators in implementing waste management. Further, this paper described the challenges faced by the hospital owners/administrators in implementing waste management. From the challenges, the paper described its coping mechanisms towards the implementation of waste management. A total of 49 respondents composed of 41 administrators and 8 hospital owners were surveyed in the study using descriptive method. The result of this study would be very helpful as a guideline for improving and developing the healthcare related waste management. It will also create awareness regarding the magnitude of the problem of waste management in hospitals of Cabanatuan City and has generated interest for systematic control efforts for hospital waste disposal. Hospital waste management cannot succeed without documented plans, certain equipment, defined staff trainings, and periodic evaluations. The major challenged for most of the hospitals in Cabanatuan City is the financial constraints, awareness, implementation and monitoring waste management. Many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better manage the waste from healthcare facilities in recent years but still these are not sufficient enough to prevent environmental hazards and associated health hazards caused by health care waste.
Relationship Between Meat Quality, Carcass Characteristics, and Protein Abundance of HSPβ1, HSPA, and DJ1 in Beef Longissimus thoracis Pre-Rigor or After 14 Days’ Aging
Authors: Briggs Reganne K. , Christensen Rachael C. , Quarnberg Shelby M. , Legako Jerrad F. , Raymond Randall C. , MacNeil Michael D. , Thornton Kara J.
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated associations of heat shock proteins (HSP) and an oxidative stress protein, protein deglycase (DJ1), with beef quality and tenderness. Samples from the longissimus thoracis (N = 99) were collected pre-rigor (day 0) and after 14-d aging. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and a trained sensory panel were used to determine meat quality. Protein abundance of DJ1 and 2 HSP—HSPβ1 and HSPA—were assessed. Regression analyses demonstrated that DJ1 abundance after 14 d of aging is a predictor of WBSF (P < 0.001), MFI (P = 0.02), and sensory panel tenderness (P < 0.001). Abundance of HSPβ1 after 14 d of aging is also a predictor of MFI (P = 0.03). Additionally, abundance of both HSPβ1 and DJ1 pre-rigor are predictors of juiciness (P < 0.05). Abundance of HSPβ1 pre-rigor was correlated with WBSF (R = 0.67), sensory panel tenderness (R = −0.44), juiciness (R = −0.30), and umami (R = −0.20). Abundance of DJ1 pre-rigor was also correlated with WBSF (R = 0.72), sensory panel tenderness (R = −0.44), juiciness (R = − 0.24), and umami (R = −0.31). After 14-d aging, HSP β 1 abundance was cor- related with WBSF (R = 0.66), sensory panel tenderness (R = −0.34), juiciness (R = −0.34), umami (R = −0.33), and brown/ roasted (R = −0.30). Abundance of DJ1 after 14-d aging was also correlated with WBSF (R = 0.68), sensory panel tenderness (R = −0.41), juiciness (R = −0.21), and umami (R = −0.28). These results demonstrate that abundance of HSPβ1 and DJ1 both pre-rigor and after 14 d of aging are correlated with meat tenderness and end-product quality as assessed by a trained sensory panel. Regression analyses further reveal that abundance of DJ1 and HSPβ1 after 14 d of aging is causative in development of beef tenderness and juiciness, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that abundance of DJ1 is a predictor of tenderness, whereas abundance of HSPβ1 is related to meat quality but cannot be used to predict tenderness.
CiTAR - Preserving Software-based Research
Authors: Rechert Klaus , Stobbe Oleg , Zharkow Oleg , Gieschke Rafael , Wehrle Dennis
Published: December 2020

In contrast to books or published articles, pure digital output of research projects is more fragile and, thus, more difficult to preserve and more difficult to be made available and to be reused by a wider research community. Not only does a fast-growing format diversity in research data sets require additional software preservation but also todayâ€™s computer assisted research disciplines increasingly devote significant resources into creating new digital resources and software-based methods.

In order to adapt FAIR data principles, especially to ensure re-usability of a wide variety of research outputs, novel ways for preservation of software and additional digital resources are required as well as their integration into existing research data management strategies.

This article addresses preservation challenges and preservation options of containers and virtual machines to encapsulate software-based research methods as portable and preservable software-based research resources, provides a preservation plan as well as an implementation.
Mutually Assured Preservation: Fostering Active Preservation Practice through Fire Drills
Authors: Daigle Bradley
Published: December 2020

Sound preservation practice is a series of active engagements with the content one hopes to preserve. In many cases, this has not always been the case. Both institutions and servicesâ€”while not actively encouraging passive preservationâ€”neglect the key components in the stewardship of our historical record. In other words, there is much more to preservation than simply choosing a storage solution and placing oneâ€™s content there. The materials need to be verified, checked, and tested against expectations within the service. This is accepted practice for many. However, very few services provide the necessary assurance to test both its own user expectations as well as the depositorsâ€™ themselves. Creating a methodology for both depositor and service to be assured that preservation meets expectations is critical. This is happening in very select ways. This paper discusses one such dialogue and its function.
Sustaining Digital Humanities Collections: Challenges and Community-Centred Strategies
Authors: Fenlon Katrina Simone
Published: December 2020

Since the advent of digital scholarship in the humanities, decades of extensive, distributed scholarly efforts have produced a digital scholarly record that is increasingly scattered, heterogeneous, and independent of curatorial institutions. Digital scholarship produces collections with unique scholarly and cultural valueâ€”collections that serve as hubs for collaboration and communication, engage broad audiences, and support new research. Yet, lacking systematic support for digital scholarship in libraries, digital humanities collections are facing a widespread crisis of sustainability. This paper provides outcomes of a multimodal study of sustainability challenges confronting digital collections in the humanities, characterizing institutional and community-oriented strategies for sustaining collections. Strategies that prioritize community engagement with collections and the maintenance of sociotechnical workflows suggest possibilities for novel approaches to collaborative, community-centred sustainability for digital humanities collections.
The Viral Etiologies of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection: Indian Perspective on the Emerging Pathogens
Authors: Shaw Tushar , Indumathi V.A.
Published: December 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Infection poses a significant threat to human health being a major cause of morbidity and mortality. India has witnessed several outbreaks of different infectious etiologies in the past. Among these, several new viral infections have been classified as emerging threat to humans. The word emerging refers to infectious etiologies that have newly appeared in the community or are rapidly increasing their range, corresponding to upsurge in the number of cases. Several different elements can contribute to the emergence of a new virus disease that may cause epidemic or pandemic around the globe. Containment of these viruses is difficult as most of them are of zoonotic origin. There is no immunity in the community against these viruses leaving individuals vulnerable to the disease. Factors such as socio-cultural, ecological along with human animal interphase creates challenges with respect to the emergence of these viral diseases. The major emerging viral infections of public health importance with respect to severe acute respiratory infection in India has been reviewed in this article.
Antibiotic Resistance Profile and association with Integron Type I among Salmonella Enterica Isolates in Thailand
Authors: Onvimol Nartlada , Chankate Phanita , Mahakhunkijcharoen Yuvadee , Kalambaheti Thareerat
Published: December 2020

Salmonella infection is the second most common cause of diarrhea in Thailand; however, the data on antimicrobial resistance is limited. There were137 Salmonella strains, isolated from patients and 126 strains isolated from chicken meat, collected from Nonthaburi, Thailand during 2002. The top five serotypes of patients isolates were Enteritidis (22%), Typhimurium (11%), Weltevreden (8.8%), Rissen (8%), and Choleraesuis (6.6%) while the top five serotypes of chicken meat isolates were found as follows: Schwarzengrund (11.91%), Hadar (11.11%), Rissen (8.73%), Amsterdam (7.94%), and Anatum (7.94%). Salmonella strains were most resistance to the class of antibiotics that act as inhibitor to nucleic acid synthesis such as antifolates group (Trimethoprim;SXT) and fluoroquinolones (Nalidixic acid; NA, Ciprofloxacin; CIP),while the β lactam antibiotic was more effective, i.e. the 3rd gen cephalosporin (Ceftazidime; CAZ, Cefotaxime ; CTX), Monobactam (Aztreonam; ATM) and carbapenams group (Imipenem; IMP, Meropenem; MEM). The role of class I integron element in transmission of the resistance gene was revealed by detection the gene cassette associated with a class 1 integron in plasmid preparation among 80% of the isolated strains. The gene cassettes containing resistant genes of dhfrA12 (resistant to trimethoprim) and aadA2 (resistant to streptomycin and spectinomycin), were detected more frequently in the resistant strains. These gene cassettes were likely to be transmitted via plasmid, as it could not be detected in genomic DNA.
Optimization of Keratinase Production and Utilization of Bacillus pumilus for Feather Degradation
Authors: Dhiva S. , Akshara C. , Afna K. , Dhanush U. , Arya P. , Saigeetha S. , Abirami S. , Abraham Angel , Renitta R. Emilin , Samrot Antony V.
Published: December 2020

Soil samples were collected from the feather dumped area where Bacillus pumilus was isolated and used for keratinase production and keratinolytic activity. In the optimization study, optimal condition for enzyme production was observed at 144 h, pH 7, temperature 37°C. The organism was utilized for feather degradation study. The maximum degradation of 57% was obtained at 37°C, pH 7 and 6 days incubation. The size of keratinase was determined by SDS- PAGE and was observed as 52 KDa.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis from New Record Aquatic Bacteria of Nile Tilapia and Evaluation of their Biological Activity
Authors: Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Shreadah Mohamed Attia
Published: December 2020

The current study investigates the isolation identification of bioactive strain from fish collected from El-Burrllus region in Egypt. The objective of the current study is to identify and assess the biological profile of a new record strain in Egypt Bacillus maritimus. The molecular identification of the selected promising isolate and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the accurate identity of the isolate as Bacillus maritimus. The novelty of the present study was not due to only to the fact that the Bacillus maritimus isolate was the first record from brackish-water Egyptian fish gut, but also due to the fact that there is no previous study on the bioactivity of Bacillus maritimus and their efficiency as biogenic nanoparticles synthesis. The bioactivities for the Bacillus maritimus were investigated through different biochemical assays as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity against six of the tested human pathogens namely; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615. Bacillus maritimus bacteria were grown in nutrient broth for 24 h at 37°C and the optical density was determined at 600 nm using the UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optical density (OD) of the broth was adjusted to 0.5 with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS). the bacterial isolate showed antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition the bacteria showed great reducing agent ability as a biogenic agent for the silver nanoparticles. The phytochemical screening of the Bacillus maritimus isolates have showed varieties of bioactive groups in addition to total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannic acid, carbohydrates, sulfated polysaccharides, total proteins and lipids. This study highlighted also that the Bacillus maritimus isolate could also produce novel secondary metabolites. The current study report for the first time the Bacillus maritimus in Egypt. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize more bioactive strains from Egyptian Fishes that could possibly act as novel bioactive compounds source of medical and agricultures importance.
Assessment of Seroprevalence and the Risk Factors of Sheep Brucellosis in Basrah (Southern Iraq): A Challenge to Prospectively Control Brucellosis
Authors: Abdulhameed Mohanad Faris , Sayhood Moaed Hanoon , Aldeewan Ali Balbool , Srayyih Tareq Hadi
Published: December 2020

Brucellosis is one of the most important foodborne infectious diseases distributed widely in low- and middle-income countries. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors that influence the distribution of Brucella in sheep. A structured questionnaire was prepared and introduced to a total of 60 resident owners from five counties, and 400 sheep blood samples were randomly collected from the selected herds. The sera of isolated sheep were tested for Brucella spp. using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT). A univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors linked to animal management and husbandry practices at the farm level. The overall prevalence estimated for brucellosis was 31% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 26.5–35.8). The odds of seroprevalence in sheep >1 year were significantly higher than those in sheep ≤1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% Cl: 1.41–3.44). The logistic regression outcomes revealed that two variables related to the management and practices at the farm level were significantly associated with the seroprevalence of brucellosis. These variables were sheep sheep grazing with other flocks (OR: 5.8, 95 Cl% Cl: 1.53–22.67) and the practice of lending ram among sheep owners (OR: 9.3, 95% Cl: 1.05–83.82). Unconfined domesticated dogs, improper handling of aborted ewes, introduction of new animals in a herd, (purchased), and lack of knowledge about brucellosis among owners were underlined to be further important factors that could influence the spread of brucellosis. This study concluded that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Basrah, and the animal vaccination control program with an integrated health education program for sheep owners are obligatory elements of the prevention measures needed to be established to minimize the risk of brucellosis in Basrah.