bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizations of Network Structures Using Eigenmode Analysis
Authors: Park Youngho , Hyun Sangil
Published: June 2015

We introduced an analysis to identify structural characterization of two-dimensional regular and amorphous networks. The analysis was shown to be reliable to determine the global network rigidity and can also identify local floppy regions in the mixture of rigid and floppy regions. The eigenmode analysis explores the structural properties of various networks determined by eigenvalue spectra. It is useful to determine the general structural stability of networks that the traditional Maxwell counting scheme based on the statistics of nodes (degrees of freedom) and bonds (constraints) does not provide. A visual characterization scheme was introduced to examine the local structure characterization of the networks. The eigenmode analysis is under development for various practical applications on more general network structures characterized by coordination numbers and nodal connectivity such as graphenes and proteins.
Exploring the Potential of Venom from Nasonia vitripennis as Therapeutic Agent with High-Throughput Screening Tools
Authors: Danneels Ellen , Formesyn Ellen , De Graaf Dirk
Published: June 2015

The venom from the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains at least 80 different proteins and possibly even more peptides or other small chemical compounds, demonstrating its appealing therapeutic application. To better understand the dynamics of the venom in mammalian cells, two high-throughput screening tools were performed. The venom induced pathways related to an early stress response and activated reporters that suggest the involvement of steroids. Whether these steroids reside from the venom itself or show an induced release/production caused by the venom, still remains unsolved. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was found to be down-regulated after venom and LPS co-treatment, confirming the anti-inflammatory action of N. vitripennis venom. When analyzing the expression levels of the NF-κB target genes, potentially not only the canonical but also the alternative NF-κB pathway can be affected, possibly explaining some counterintuitive results. It is proposed that next to an NF-κB binding site, the promoter of the genes tested by the PCR array may also contain binding sites for other transcription factors, resulting in a complex puzzle to connect the induced target gene with its respective transcription factor. Interestingly, Nasonia venom altered the expression of some drug targets, presenting the venom with an exciting therapeutical potential.
La dynamique de système. Application aux migrations interrégionales (A systemic analysis of interregional migrations in France)
Authors: Pumain Denise
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Cet article analyse les migrations de population entre les régions françaises, à l'aide d'un modèle statique et d'un modèle dynamique. Il montre le pouvoir d'attraction des différentes régions.
Tendances et stratégies du commerce français (Strategies and tendencies of french retail trade)
Authors: Metton Alain
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Après les bouleversements des années 1970-1980, la distribution française connaît une période d'évolution plus lente, marquée par diverses tendances qui remodèlent les relations villes-campagnes, ainsi que les rapports intra-urbains entre centre-ville, banlieues et quartiers. Ces tendances sont l'expression des stratégies parfois contradictoires des entreprises commerciales qui connaissent une forte concentration des pouvoirs publics et des consommateurs.
La Réunion. Espaces et développement (La Réunion. Spatial organization and development)
Authors: Lefèvre Daniel
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Cette communication a pour objet de présenter les caractéristiques des structures spatiales insulaires et de poser les principaux problèmes de développement. Elle comprend deux parties, consacrées l'une à l'étude des deux niveaux du modèle contemporain d'organisation de l'espace, et l'autre au processus de mise en place des structures socio-spatiales, que commande la succession des deux projets de société, l'un colonial et l'autre d'intégration à l'ancienne métropole (départementalisation).
Processus géomorphologiques, formes du relief et interprétations des paléo-environnements quaternaires (Geomorphologic processes, landforms and interpretations of quaternary paleo-environments)
Authors: De Ploey Jan , Paulissen Étienne
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Better knowledge of geomorphologic processes through laboratory and field experiments and of land forms based on fields studies, allowed a (re)interpretation of quaternary deposits. Type cases from several regions in Belgium with different eolian covers are presented : (1) the dune station at Kalmthout and coversand and dune deposits ; (2) gravel lags in hilly regions ; (3) primary land-forms of late Weichselian age and the nature of loess sedimentation simulated in an aerodynamic wind tunnel, and (4) the importance of erosion under forest and after deforestation.
A POD-BASED REDUCED-ORDER STABILIZED CRANK–NICOLSON MFE FORMULATION FOR THE NON-STATIONARY PARABOLIZED NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS
Authors: Luo Zhendong
Published: June 2015

We firstly employ a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, Crank–Nicolson (CN) technique, and two local Gaussian integrals to establish a PODbased reduced-order stabilized CN mixed finite element (SCNMFE) formulation with very few degrees of freedom for non-stationary parabolized Navier–Stokes equations. Then, the error estimates of the reduced-order SCNMFE solutions, which are acted as a suggestion for choosing number of POD basis and a criterion for updating POD basis, and the algorithm implementation for the POD-based reduced-order SCNMFE formulation are provided, respectively. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate that the numerical results are consistent with theoretical conclusions. Moreover, it is shown that the reduced-order SCNMFE formulation is feasible and efficient for finding numerical solutions of the non-stationary parabolized Navier–Stokes equations.
DIRECT AND INVERSE ACOUSTIC SCATTERING BY A COMBINED SCATTERER
Authors: Jin Jing , Guo Jun , Cai Mingjian
Published: June 2015

This paper is concerned with the scattering problem of time-harmonic acoustic plane waves by a union of a crack and a penetrable inhomogeneous medium with compact support. The well-posedness of the direct problem is established by the variational method. An uniqueness result for the inverse problem is proved, that is, both the crack and the inhomogeneous medium can be uniquely determined by a knowledge of the far-field pattern for incident plane waves. The linear sampling method is employed to recover the location and shape of the combined scatterer. It is worth noting that we make the first step on reconstructing a mixed-type scatterer of a crack and an inhomogeneous medium by the linear sampling method.
Des « petites patries » aux « patrimoines culturels » : un siècle de discours scolaires sur les identités régionales en France (1880-1980)
Authors: Michel Youenn
Published: June 2015

L’analyse des manuels primaires et des instructions officielles de la III e République a mis en évidence l’affection républicaine pour les petites patries. Si les républicains revendiquent la mission de francisation attribuée à l’école par la Révolution, l’éveil du patriotisme dans la France des années 1880-1930 s’est fondé sur le renforcement du sentiment d’identité locale. L’article rappelle les caractéristiques de ce discours scolaire, qui consacre la patrimonialisation des traditions populaires, tout en leur déniant toute forme d’autonomie politique ou sociale. La prégnance de ces représentations s’observe dans la reprise qu’en font le régime de Vichy et les mouvements régionalistes eux-mêmes. Cependant, à partir des années 1950, ce discours scolaire entre en obsolescence, du fait des transformations socioéconomiques qui affectent les régions françaises, mais aussi des réformes structurelles de l’enseignement. Néanmoins, à partir de 1977, le danger de captation des références aux identités culturelles par des mouvances régionalistes détermine le ministère de l’Éducation nationale à réactiver un discours intégratif sous forme d’une valorisation des patrimoines culturels régionaux.
Genèse axiologique de l'école de la République
Authors: Janichon Daniel
Published: June 2015

Avant même que le dix-neuvième siècle ne place en tête des programmes l’éducation religieuse et morale, le catéchisme catholique avait durablement et massivement imprégné la culture axiologique des petits français. Celle des concepteurs de programmes de morale de la III e République est par ailleurs plus proche d’une sensibilité protestante. A partir de trois manuels de catéchisme (catholique, protestant et israélite) antérieurs aux programmes de 1882, il est possible de discerner certaines parentés entre plusieurs préceptes religieux et la morale pour le cours moyen. Ainsi, les devoirs envers la famille et envers soi-même reprennent les injonctions des commandements ou des péchés capitaux catholiques. Quant à la tolérance et aux devoirs envers Dieu, que réclame le texte de Jules Ferry c’est probablement davantage de la catéchèse protestante qu’ils découlent. Si l’avènement de la République en modifie les références, sa « morale » s’inspire pour une large part de contenus catéchistiques.
Âges et usages des espaces carcéraux : l’expérience des détenus « âgés » en France
Authors: Touraut Caroline
Published: June 2015

Si la population carcérale se caractérise par sa jeunesse, la part des 50 ans ou plus dans la population écrouée est passée de 5,0 % à 10,6 % dans les années 1990 et elle atteint 11,2 % au 1 er janvier 2013. L’expérience vécue par les détenus « âgés » dans les prisons françaises apparaît dès lors un prisme d’analyse fécond et novateur pour interroger l’espace carcéral et ce qui se joue en son sein. En effet, l’usage que les détenus les plus âgés en font se comprend au regard des rapports qui s’observent entre personnes incarcérées. Par ailleurs, les contraintes de l’espace permettent de comprendre que la sédentarité s’ajoute à l’enfermement pour les détenus confrontés à une déficience en raison de leur âge. Ainsi, si la prison restreint et limite les déplacements pour toute personne détenue, les obstacles qui pèsent sur la mobilité des plus avancés en âge sont plus nombreux encore et participent de la définition de leur vieillesse.
De l’entraide universitaire sous l’Occupation : la correspondance de Marc Bloch avec André Mazon (décembre 1940 - juillet 1941)
Authors: Graceffa Agnès
Published: June 2015

L’édition des lettres de Marc Bloch au slavisant André Mazon, professeur au Collège de France, présentées ici, est intéressante à deux titres : premièrement, cette correspondance permet de préciser les raisons de l’échec du départ de Marc Bloch pour les États-Unis en 1941, et démontre notamment la part de responsabilité du Consulat américain de Lyon en la matière ; de l’autre, elle illustre la réalité de l’entraide entre universitaires durant la période de l’Occupation, et le dynamisme de réseaux de sociabilité qui se reconfigurent rapidement. Le rapprochement du cas de Bloch avec d’autres cas d’entraide et de mobilisation de personnels de l’enseignement supérieur en direction de collègues, qu’ils soient juifs, étrangers ou résistants, confirme ce constat.
Comment naît-on père ?
Authors: Clerget Joël
Published: June 2015

Dans une interrogation sur la parentalité, sont explorés les termes de naître, devenir et n’être père, en ce qui concerne tant le rapport à une mère que la relation à un enfant. Il y va de la nomination et de la présence, au sens où le papa est posé comme troisième. Sa fonction purement séparatrice est ici mise en cause afin de promouvoir sa place d’être avec, quelle que soit la réalité de sa participation. Le papa est un homme. La maman est une femme. Du moins, généralement. La relation de ces deux termes, solidaires dans le réel et dans la langue, est essentielle. C’est pourquoi nous ne pouvons parler du papa sans évoquer une maman, et vice versa.
L’enfant du dedans et les apprentis parents
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain
Published: June 2015

Depuis la fin du deuxième millénaire, dans de nombreux pays industrialisés, les progrès technologiques mis au service du diagnostic anténatal exposent publiquement un nouvel acteur, le fœtus, resté jusque-là en Occident dans l’intimité du sein maternel à l’abri d’une invisibilité sacrée. Cette médicalisation grandissante de la grossesse maternelle et la personnalisation du fœtus s’accompagnent d’un constant risque de déshumanisation et de scientisme iatrogènes des soins. Indissociable de son enracinement interdisciplinaire et du dialogue entre « somaticiens » et « psychistes », la naissante psychologie clinique fœtale a pour objet privilégié ce paradoxe et ses multiples tensions éthico-cliniques quotidiennes. Dans sa phase émergente, la psychologie clinique fœtale s’organise autour de trois espaces/temps de rencontre emblématiques : la dialectique du devenir parent et du naître humain ; les procédures médicales de la grossesse en général, et le diagnostic anténatal en particulier ; les consultations thérapeutiques anténatales. Les enjeux théoriques, cliniques, institutionnels et éthiques des deux premiers éléments de ce tryptique sont ici explorés (la consultation thérapeutique prénatale fait l’objet d’un autre article). Au final, la psychologie clinique fœtale revendique aujourd’hui un fort potentiel heuristique en périnatalité, mais pas seulement : tous les âges de la vie bénéficieront à l’avenir d’une anamnèse attentive de ce premier chapitre anténatal qui se trouve au cœur du fonctionnement biopsychique du sujet et de ses échanges relationnels toute sa vie durant.
Aux mots parents
Authors: Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal
Published: June 2015

Depuis peu, l’homoparentalité est entrée par la grande porte, celle du cadre législatif, avec la loi du 18 mai 2013 permettant le mariage républicain pour les personnes de même sexe et les avancées corrélatives en matière d’adoption simple et plénière, rejoignant ainsi plusieurs pays européens et d’outre-Atlantique. Les familles homoparentales amènent d’ores et déjà de la diversité et de la complexité tout autant que le font déjà, dans nos sociétés occidentales, les familles hétéro-parentales. Si de nombreuses questions émergent quand on évoque le développement psychologique des enfants qui grandissent en contexte homoparental, une autre interrogation mérite d’être posée : est-ce la situation homoparentale qui génère ou va générer du risque pour le développement des enfants et des adolescents, ou est-ce notre système social qui induit que les enfants sont considérés comme « à risque » ? Tout comme dans des situations telles que l’adoption ou les inséminations avec donneur, il ne s’agit pas de « faire semblant », de « faire comme si », mais bien de narrer une histoire, toute l’histoire ; il s’agit aussi de modifier nos systèmes de représentations, de faire évoluer nos pratiques, nos propres croyances, de les interroger voire d’introduire de nouveaux éléments symboliques au sein même de notre système social et législatif.
Une mère moyenne
Authors: Rufo Marcel
Published: June 2015

Être une bonne mère (pour un Marseillais, une permanence qui nous protège) fait partie des désirs communément ressentis pendant la grossesse. Mais comment ignorer le moment si particulier de la rencontre aérienne, à la naissance du bébé ? Tout peut être aussi l’occasion de fragiliser les liens. De son côté, l’enfant est un explorateur acharné des interactions, auxquelles il participe avidement. Notre rôle d’accompagnant de cette belle histoire de vie consiste souvent à atténuer les sentiments de culpabilité qui naissent d’un rêve illusoire de devenir une maman parfaite. Tranquillement, soyez moyenne, vos défauts l’intéressent autant, sinon plus, que vos qualités. Soyez vous-même, avec vos histoires d’enfance et vos fragilités.
À l’usage des enfants qui ont des parents difficiles
Authors: Giampino Sylviane
Published: June 2015

Soutiens à la parentalité, responsabilisation des parents, école de parents… À juste titre, mais jusqu’où cette empathie pour ces pauvres parents qui doivent assumer les soucis des enfants ? Comme si l’ambivalence inévitable des liens parents-enfants avait l’allure d’un poids des enfants dans la vie des parents et dans l’organisation sociale. Et si c’était l’inverse ? Et si c’était les enfants qui étaient légers, souples, évolutifs, adaptables, mobiles, et les adultes qui étaient lourds, coincés, régressifs, apeurés, immobilisés ? Placer les enfants au centre infléchit le sens des générations, et les institue comme objets de consolation face la dureté du monde, de la société, du travail. Et si c’étaient les parents qui pesaient sur leurs enfants ?
Confusion about the species richness of human gut microbiota
Authors: Avershina E. , Rudi K.
Published: June 2015

A key message from a range of high profile next generation sequencing studies on the human microbiota is that it composes a tremendously rich community of more than 1000 species within each one of us. Although more recent studies have shown estimates of between 100 and 200 species per individual, this has not yet been made clear in the literature. Currently, the most widely accepted estimate of species richness is therefore five to ten times too high. Here, we will review the different estimates of species richness in the literature, address potential sources of artefacts, the reluctance to correct these, and provide suggestions for future directions.
Skeletal and Brain Abnormalities in Fucosidosis, a Rare Lysosomal Storage Disorder
Authors: Malatt Camille , Koning Jeffrey L. , Naheedy John
Published: May 2015

Fucosidosis is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in alpha- L-fucosidase. We present a case of a 4-year, 11-month-old girl with developmental delay, as well as skeletal and brain abnormalities as shown on X-ray and MRI. Her spinal X- rays demonstrated lumbar kyphosis and anterior beaking of lumbar vertebral bodies. Lower iliac segment constriction, increased angulation of the acetabular roof, and widening of the ribs were apparent on abdominal X-ray. Her brain MRI illustrated symmetric T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypointensity of the bilateral globi pallidi. The case report highlights clinical and imaging findings of this rare disease.
Combined Undifferentiated and Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Gallbladder Appearing as Two Separate Lesions: A Case Report with Radiological-Pathological Correlation
Authors: Lee So Won , Baek Seung Yon , Sung Sun Hee
Published: May 2015

We report herein a rare case of incidentally detected combined undifferentiated and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder. An incidental gallbladder malignancy was revealed on abdominal ultrasound and multi-detector computed tomography in a 54-year-old man. A short distance from the main polypoid hypoechoic mass at the fundus of the gallbladder, focal wall thickening was noted with prominently increased power Doppler flow. Extended cholecystectomy was performed, and histology confirmed the main polypoid mass as undifferentiated carcinoma and the separate nodule as neuroendocrine carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting two separate lesions of combined gallbladder carcinomas by radiological features.
Peroneus Brevis Tendon Variant Insertion on the Calcaneus
Authors: Cecava Nathan D , Campbell Scot E
Published: May 2015

Insertion of the peroneus brevis tendon normally occurs at the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal base.  However, there is new evidence that congenital variant insertion of the tendon on the calcaneal peroneal tubercle occurs in a small segment of the population.  We report a case of 24-year old male presenting with non-traumatic ankle pain who underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging.  Imaging demonstrated insertion of the peroneus brevis tendon on the calcaneal peroneal tubercle with absence of the tendon distal to the calcaneus.  Furthermore, in reviewing 200 consecutive ankle magnetic resonance examinations, the authors discovered one additional case of this variant.  We discuss the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of this anatomic variant, the implications for clinical management, and review the literature on peroneal anatomic variations.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lung as an Alternative for a Pregnant Woman with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: SchloíŸ Manuel , Heckrodt Jan , Schneider Christian , Discher Thomas , Krombach Gabriele Anja
Published: May 2015

We report a case of a pregnant 21-year-old woman with pulmonary tuberculosis in which magnetic resonance imaging of the lung was used to assess the extent and characteristics of the pathological changes. Although the lung has been mostly ignored in magnetic resonance imaging for many decades, today technical development enables detailed examinations of the lung. The technique is now entering the clinical arena and its indications are increasing. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lung is not only an alternative method without radiation exposure, it can provide additional information in pulmonary imaging compared to other modalities including computed tomography. We describe a successful application of magnetic resonance imaging of the lung and the imaging appearance of post-primary tuberculosis. This case report indicates that magnetic resonance imaging of the lung can potentially be the first choice imaging technique in pregnant women with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.
Internal Carotid Artery Web: Doppler Ultrasound with CT Angiography correlation
Authors: Fu Winnie , Crockett Ann , Low Gavin , Patel Vimal
Published: May 2015

We present a case of an internal carotid web, detected on duplex ultrasound and confirmed by CT angiography. To our knowledge, this is only the third reported ultrasound case in the imaging literature. This vascular abnormality can cause a clinically significant carotid stenosis and is a risk factor for recurrent embolic cerebrovascular events. Due to small size and poor awareness among radiologists, carotid webs are often under-diagnosed on non-invasive imaging modalities. Improved awareness including knowledge of salient imaging features is useful as early diagnosis leading to appropriate intervention can eliminate the risk of future cerebrovascular events.
Frobenius Distribution for Quotients of Fermat Curves of Prime Exponent
Authors: Fité Francesc , González Josep , Lario Joan-Carles
Published: June 2015

Letdenote the Fermat curve over ℚ of prime exponent ℓ. The Jacobian Jac() ofsplits over ℚ as the product of Jacobians Jac(k), 1 ≤k≤ ℓ −2, wherekare curves obtained as quotients ofby certain subgroups of automorphisms of. It is well known that Jac(k) is the power of an absolutely simple abelian varietyBkwith complex multiplication. We call degenerate those pairs (ℓ,k) for whichBkhas degenerate CM type. For a non-degenerate pair (ℓ,k), we compute the Sato–Tate group of Jac(Ck), prove the generalized Sato–Tate Conjecture for it, and give an explicit method to compute the moments and measures of the involved distributions. Regardless of whether (ℓ,k) is degenerate, we also obtain Frobenius equidistribution results for primes of certain residue degrees in the ℓ-th cyclotomic field. Key to our results is a detailed study of the rank of certain generalized Demjanenko matrices.
Response and Recovery Times of Elastic and Viscoelastic Capsules in Shear Flow
Authors: Gounley John , Peng Yan
Published: June 2015

Amid the recent interest in the role of membrane viscosity in the deformation of a fluid-filled capsule, we consider the role of various capsule properties (shear elasticity, membrane bending stiffness and viscosity) in determining the response and recovery times of a spherical capsule in shear flow. These times are determined by fitting exponential functions to results for the Taylor deformation parameter Dxy. We focus on the relationship between the membrane and fluid viscosity ratios, as suggested by Diaz et al, and whether adjustments to the fluid viscosity ratio may be used to approximate the effects of membrane viscosity. Based on its ability to reproduce response and recovery times, our results suggest that such an approach holds promise.
Multibody Modelling of Engine and Minimization of Engine Mount Vibration using Ant Colony Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Ramachandran T. , Padmanaban K.P.
Published: June 2015

In this research work, multibody modelling of engine is carried out and the elastomeric mounts are used to isolate the vibration caused in the diesel engine during its running. Vibration in the engine is measured as displacement at the engine mounts and the reduction of vibration displacement provides both the passive isolation and balancing of unbalanced forces in the engine. The elastomeric mounts not only provide the passive isolation but also the supplement the force balancing system. The engine dynamic vibration force components like inertial forces by moving components and piston slap is modelled and resolved in the Cartesian coordinates. The set of equations arrived are solved to find the displacement at the mounts using Runge-Kutta method for a specific period. The mount location and orientation are used as the optimizing parameters that minimize the mount displacement. The optimization is carried out using one of the most promising heuristic optimization methods called ant colony algorithm (ACA). The convergence and least possible results of the ACA based optimization are obtained for different control parameters of the ACA.
The shape of the oceanic nitracline
Authors: Omand M. M. , Mahadevan A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In most regions of the ocean, nitrate is depleted near the surface by phytoplankton consumption and increases with depth, exhibiting a strong vertical gradient in the pycnocline (here referred to as the nitracline). The vertical supply of nutrients to the surface euphotic zone is influenced by the vertical gradient (slope) of the nitracline and by the vertical separation (depth) of the nitracline from the sunlit surface layer. Hence it is important to understand the shape (slope and curvature) and depth of the oceanic nitracline. By using density coordinates to analyze nitrate profiles from autonomous Autonomous Profiling EXplorer floats with In-Situ Ultraviolet Spectrophotometers (APEX-ISUS) and ship-based platforms (World Ocean Atlas – WOA09; Hawaii Ocean Time-series – HOT; Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study – BATS; and California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations – CalCOFI), we are able to eliminate much of the spatial and temporal variability in the profiles and derive robust relationships between nitrate and density. This allows us to characterize the depth, slope and curvature of the nitracline in different regions of the world's oceans. The analysis reveals distinguishing patterns in the nitracline between subtropical gyres, upwelling regions and subpolar gyres. We propose a one-dimensional, mechanistic model that relates the shape of the nitracline to the relative depths of the surface mixed layer and euphotic layer. Though heuristic, the model accounts for some of the seasonal patterns and regional differences in the nitrate–density relationships seen in the data.
Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region
Authors: Lenton A. , Tilbrook B. , Matear R. J. , Sasse T. , Nojiri Y.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases over the last 200 years has caused an increase in ocean acidity levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes could impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. We use present day ocean carbon observations from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). These predicted changes in carbonate chemistry are combined with atmospheric CO2 concentration changes since to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870–2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows both the mean state and seasonality for the present day is well represented by our reconstruction, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 an average decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Our reconstruction shows that seasonality is the dominant mode of variability, with only small interannual variability present. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in Southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important to link to biological observations to help elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.
Factors affecting Customer Loyalty in Banking Sector: A study on Banks in Bahawalpur (Pakistan)
Authors: Rasheed Hafiz Muhammad Wasif , Khalid Junaid , Khizar Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Sajid Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad Naeem , Ahmad Mehboob , Khan Waseem Ahmad
Published: May 2015

The emergence of new banking channels like as phone banking, Internet banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATM), furthermore developing financial market & global competition have constrained bankers to explore the importance of customer loyalty. For the banks to be successful in the intensively competitive environment, they are bound to attach importance to customer loyalty. The aim of this study is to investigate how the behavior and intentions of the respondents will be influenced by different factors of customer loyalty. The objectives of the current study are of two folds; firstly, to examine the relationship of trust, customer satisfaction and service quality with customer loyalty. Secondly, to determine which factor influenced customer loyalty the most? Data was collected through non probability convenience sampling, from a sample of 496 respondents by using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected Data was analyzed through regression technique using SPSS 17. Results of the current study reveal that trust, customer satisfaction and service quality has significant effect on customer loyalty. But the relationship or trust with customer satisfaction is not proved. Moreover the study revealed that customer satisfaction is found as the most influential variable for customer loyalty. The managerial implication of this research is the considerations of bank managers for the enhancement of their customer loyalty.
Normative and Descriptive Aspects of Management Education: Differentiation and Integration
Authors: Meirovich Gavriel
Published: June 2015

This study advocates strongly for clear differentiation and synthesis of descriptive and normative approaches in management education. There is a certain isolation of normative and descriptive theoretical frameworks presented in management courses. Normative frameworks in management explain how organizations should be managed, while descriptive frameworks show how they actually are managed. Significant portions of what we teach in the business curriculum are predominantly descriptive; other parts are mostly normative, or prescriptive. If these domains are not sufficiently connected, the relevance of both approaches diminishes. When one piece of material explains only the current reality without providing tools to improve it, while another piece prescribes steps for improvement that are not grounded in a particular context, students lose interest in both. The paper presents various modes of differentiation and integration between two realms and pertinent ways to recalibrate management courses.
“Vanguards of the Future”
Authors: Yde Matthew
Published: May 2015

One aspect of modernity, from the French Revolution on, has been the drive toward a utopian future. This has been apparent in artists as well as conscious political revolutionaries or philosophers like Marx. Like his avant-garde contemporaries, Bernard Shaw was not content to turn away from the masses and make works of art for the contemplation of a select minority. He wished to create works of art that might have a place in forging the “new man,” a major trope of the period and of special importance not only to Shaw but also to the avant-garde. Both Shaw and the avant-garde wanted to create original works of art, of course, but they were actually more concerned with giving form to the chaotic, inchoate modern world itself, a time of anxiety but also of excitement and promise. They were cultural politicians, scientists in the laboratory of life hoping to make a new man with the revolutionary artistic techniques fashioned out of their own genius. This essay explores what the author refers to as Shaw's utopian modernism, particularly as it merged in his politics and in his artistic creation, and compares it to the utopian modernism and politics of the avant-garde, most particularly the Italian futurists and the Russian constructivists.
Talking Machines
Authors: Buckley Jennifer
Published: May 2015

From the beginning of Shaw's career as a publishing playwright, he struggled to imprint the sound of his characters' speech on the page. Convinced that the Roman alphabet was incapable of delivering crucial paralinguistic information to actors and readers, Shaw hoped that the new manual and mechanical phonographic writing technologies of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries would serve as more satisfactory mediums for his “word-music.” Drawing on media history and theory, the author argues that Shaw's actual and imagined uses of phonetic shorthands and sound recording devices as theatrical media mark his drama, his dramaturgy, and his vision of the author-actor relationship as products of the modern machine age. While Shaw sometimes indulged in the techno-fantasy of a gramophone-like actor who would mechanically reproduce his authorial inscriptions, the author contends that the ideal Shavian actor is both a talking machine and an exceptionally vital human being. The author reads Pygmalion, along with Shaw's writings on dramatic authorship and acting, as critical meditations on the complex processes and mixed consequences of conceptualizing spoken language, its notation, and its performance as mere data.
Commodities, Consumption, and Connoisseurship
Authors: Mcewan Alice
Published: May 2015

This article examines Shaw's critique of authenticity in modernity during the first decades of the twentieth century, a period that witnessed the commodification of the “authentic” artifact or experience. By scrutinizing the material things Shaw purchased and the artistic groups he supported, we enter a Shavian world of paradoxes, contradictions, and unresolved tensions. In many ways these embodied the condition of modernity itself: the site of intersection among art, aesthetics, commodities, and commerce where the categories of genuine and fake are rendered unstable. Shaw criticized the idea of authenticity as the expression of fundamental “truths”—particularly the notion that certain aspects of culture existed apart from the commercial world. Drawing on recent work by Elizabeth Outka, his complex relationship to the “commodifed authentic” is explored in prefaces, plays, and other writings with specific reference to material and visual culture. Finally, this essay focuses on various mass-produced images of the playwright. The work of the critic Walter Benjamin provides the backdrop to a discussion of Shaw's ideas on art, photography and its reproducibility.
King Lear, Heartbreak House, and the Dynamics of Inertia
Authors: Gamboa Brett
Published: May 2015

In light of its fragmented dramaturgy and contemporary concerns, on the one hand, and its extensive debt to the structures and characters of Shakespeare's King Lear, on the other, Heartbreak House deserves consideration as both Shaw's most experimental and most derivative play. Such a paradox was familiar to Shaw, but the tension between the play's modernity and its classical inheritance may obscure Shaw's insights into Shakespeare's dramaturgy and the uses he made of them. In fact, the most urgently modern aspects of Heartbreak House are not its references to airships or dynamite but its absorption and adaptation of a theory of tragedy implicit in Lear: namely, that through temporal and emotional endurance, inertia, and a deliberate unwillingness to make good on implicit contracts established with audiences, a play can deepen engagement with the plot by creating doubt about its continuance. Shaw's play opens up modernity to us less by what it chooses to represent than by its strategies for structuring audience anticipation and disappointment, strategies that represent the play's chief inheritance from Lear. As a result, Shakespeare's influence is rather more constitutive of than contrary to Shaw's modernity.
Geneva—or the Failure of Rationalism
Authors: Zorn Christa
Published: May 2015

Shaw's farcical representation of Hitler in his late play, Geneva, has been criticized as inadequate and inappropriate, since he mocks democratic institutions as powerless while letting the dictator get away with his self-serving agenda. But if we read Geneva as an experiment with modernist strategies, rather than as a play in the realist tradition, we discover that Shaw is making interesting new assumptions about historical discourse that are buried in the unrecognized inner frames and deeper structures of this late play. Shaw seems to envision political discourse in which specific positions are no longer confined to individual speakers, but are disseminated throughout a public sphere that is not just based on rational judgment. Instead, Shaw's dramatic devices direct us to the less visible and less reasonable forces in public discourse as well as to the mythic and irrational forces behind political power.
Mineração de dados: busca de conhecimento sobre a evolução do canto da família Thamnophilidae
Authors: Costa e Silva Leticia Da , Tsunoda Denise Fukumi , Deslandes Viviane
Published: June 2015

Introdução. Descreve a utilização de uma técnica de mineração de dados sobre o canto, a biologia e o micro-habitat da família Thamnophilidae (Aves) a fim de encontrar padrões que os relacionem. Método. Uma base de dados foi construída em planilha Excel® relacionando 82 espécies da família da ave Thamnophilidae com diversos atributos referentes às características do canto, da biologia e do micro-habitat em que são encontradas. Na análise utilizou-se o algoritmo Apriori no software WEKA 3.7.1. Resultados. Ao associar os diferentes atributos de 82 espécies diferentes considerando o suporte mínimo de 10% e a confiança mínima de 90% foram encontrados 172 padrões, dos quais 42 continham um dos atributos do canto: PC1 e PC2. Os padrões que relacionavam o atributo PC2 foram os mais significativos ao indicar a relação deste com o tamanho e gênero da família. Os resultados colaboraram para gerar a hipótese de que os atributos do canto possuem comportamentos não relacionados. Conclusões. O experimento demonstrou que o algoritmo pode ser melhor aproveitado em bases de dados maiores e/ou cuja padronização dos dados apresente menor número de categorias, o que pode ser uma limitação no campo da macroecologia. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, se mostrou um instrumento alternativo para o estudo exploratório de relações entre diversos atributos, cujos resultados podem servir de objetos de análises mais aprofundadas.
Mineração de dados: aplicações, ferramentas, tipos de aprendizado e outros subtemas
Authors: Carvalho Deborah Ribeiro , Dallagassa Marcelo Rosano
Published: June 2015

Especialistas na área de mineração de dados apresentam conceitos, características, limites e potencialidades da mineração de dados, incluindo indicação de ferramentas disponíveis, relações com a inteligência artificial,  e implicações de seu uso na área de business intelligence.
PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
Authors: - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise Revista Ra'e Ga
Published: June 2015

Revista Ra'e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, Claudinei Taborda da Silveira, Ricardo Michael Pinheiro Silveira, Gisele Neuman
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 4, No. 3
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: May 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 4 No. 3
Un piratage énonciatif signé La Rédaction ? Le cas Valérie par Valérie (2008)
Authors: Farah Alain
Published: June 2015

L’ouvrage Valérie par Valérie paraît en 2008 aux éditions Al Dante/Questions théoriques. Il porte la signature de La Rédaction, collectif dont la paternité est attribuée à Christophe Hanna. Ce livre contient le témoignage d’une ancienne figure de la téléréalité, phagocyté par la parole, le ton et les préoccupations d’un « nègre ». À travers cette narration indécidable se dévoilent les rouages d’un procédé de piratage de l’écriture, en même temps qu’émerge une mise en question du statut d’auteur, voire de l’acte créateur lui-même. Présentant l’écrivain comme un rédacteur, et l’écriture comme un agencement de fragments glanés au fil de ponctions et de vols, Valérie par Valérie actualise ainsi l’attaque dirigée par Isidore Ducasse contre la fétichisation de la signature auctoriale.
Determination of GPCR Phosphorylation Status: Establishing a Phosphorylation Barcode
Authors: Prihandoko Rudi , Bradley Sophie J. , Tobin Andrew B. , Butcher Adrian J.
Published: June 2015

G protein−coupled receptors (GPCRs) are rapidly phosphorylated following agonist occupation in a process that mediates receptor uncoupling from its cognate G protein, a process referred to as desensitization. In addition, this process provides a mechanism by which receptors can engage with arrestin adaptor molecules and couple to downstream signaling pathways. The importance of this regulatory process has been highlighted recently by the understanding that ligands can direct receptor signaling along one pathway in preference to another, the phenomenon of signaling bias that is partly mediated by the phosphorylation status or phosphorylation barcode of the receptor. Methods to determine the phosphorylation status of a GPCR in vitro and in vivo are necessary to understand not only the physiological mechanisms involved in GPCR signaling, but also to fully examine the signaling properties of GPCR ligands. This unit describes detailed methods for determining the overall phosphorylation pattern on a receptor (the phosphorylation barcode), as well as mass spectrometry approaches that can define the precise sites that become phosphorylated. These techniques, coupled with the generation and characterization of receptor phosphorylation‐specific antibodies, provide a full palate of techniques necessary to determine the phosphorylation status of any given GPCR subtype. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rodent Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Philips Thomas , Rothstein Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2015

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system. Patients with ALS develop extensive muscle wasting and atrophy leading to paralysis and death 3 to 5 years after disease onset. The condition may be familial (fALS 10%) or sporadic ALS (sALS, 90%). The large majority of fALS cases are due to genetic mutations in the Superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1, 15% of fALS) and repeat nucleotide expansions in the gene encoding C9ORF72 (∼40% to 50% of fALS and ∼10% of sALS). Studies suggest that ALS is mediated through aberrant protein homeostasis (i.e., ER stress and autophagy) and/or changes in RNA processing (as in all non‐SOD1‐mediated ALS). In all of these cases, animal models suggest that the disorder is mediated non‐cell autonomously, i.e., not only motor neurons are involved, but glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and other neuronal subpopulations are also implicated in the pathogenesis. Provided in this unit is a review of ALS rodent models, including discussion of their relative advantages and disadvantages. Emphasis is placed on correlating the model phenotype with the human condition and the utility of the model for defining the disease process. Information is also presented on RNA processing studies in ALS research, with particular emphasis on the newest ALS rodent models. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers: Enabling Translational Biology for Patient Care Improvement
Authors: Charles Roch‐Philippe
Published: June 2015

The prognosis from thyroid cancer subtypes in humans covers a spectrum from “cured at almost 90%” to “100% lethal.” Invasive and poorly differentiated forms of thyroid cancer are among the most aggressive human cancers, and there are few effective therapeutic options. Genetically engineered mice, based on mutations observed in patients, can accurately recapitulate the human disease and its progression, providing invaluable tools for the preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches. This overview details models developed to date as well as their uses for identifying novel anticancer agents. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Proteasomes: Isolation and Activity Assays
Authors: Li Yanjie , Tomko Robert J. , Hochstrasser Mark
Published: June 2015

In eukaryotes, damaged or unneeded proteins are typically degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. In this system, the protein substrate is often first covalently modified with a chain of ubiquitin polypeptides. This chain serves as a signal for delivery to the 26S proteasome, a 2.5‐MDa, ATP‐dependent multisubunit protease complex. The proteasome consists of a barrel‐shaped 20S core particle (CP) that is capped on one or both of its ends by a 19S regulatory particle (RP). The RP is responsible for recognizing the substrate, unfolding it, and translocating it into the CP for destruction. Here we describe simple, one‐step purifications scheme for isolating the 26S proteasome and its 19S RP and 20S CP subcomplexes from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as assays for measuring ubiquitin‐dependent and ubiquitin‐independent proteolytic activity in vitro. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vitro Analysis of the Very‐Low Density Lipoprotein Export from the Trans‐Golgi Network
Authors: Siddiqi Shadab A.
Published: June 2015

The movement of mature VLDL particles from the TGN to the plasma membrane (PM) is a complex physiological process that plays a critical role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating these intracellular transport events had not been studied until recently because of the lack of appropriate molecular assays and techniques. This unit provides a detailed description of cell‐free approaches and techniques to study the TGN‐to‐PM transport of the mature VLDL at the molecular level. A major emphasis is placed on the preparation and purification of sub‐cellular organelles because the success of in vitro assays for the vesicle formation and fusion depends on the quality of the isolated TGN, hepatic PM and hepatic cytosol. A number of critical factors that control the formation of mature VLDL‐containing vesicle, the PG‐VTV, from the TGN and their subsequent targeting to and fusion with the hepatic PM have been discussed. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.