bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of Addison's disease
Authors: Abed Alharbi Samar , Fardan Rawdha Hameed , Almahasnah Mustafa Saeed , Alsaeed Nouf Ali , Kashif Hiba Hani , AlGhamdi Nora Abdullah , Alharthi Amani Awadh , Ghamdi Sara Abdullah Al , Asiri Amna Ayed , Alharbi Dhari Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), also referred to as Addison's disease (AD), is a rare but potentially life-threatening disorder marked by a deficiency in the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex. Despite significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment, challenges remain, particularly in pediatric cases where diagnostic delays are common. Autoimmune adrenalitis is the leading cause of AD in adults, while congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the primary cause in children. Recent developments include dual-release hydrocortisone formulations designed to mimic circadian rhythms and improve patient outcomes, as well as continuous subcutaneous cortisol infusion using insulin pumps. Experimental therapies, such as immunosuppression, gene therapy, and cell replacement, are in early stages of research. Management focuses on hormone replacement therapy and preventing adrenal crises, often triggered by infections or surgery. Education on crisis prevention is crucial, and patients should regularly monitor hormone levels. Advances in treatment aim to improve quality of life, yet more research is needed to refine therapeutic approaches and long-term outcomes.
Neural network recognition system for video transmitted through a binary symmetric channel
Authors:   North-Caucasus Center for Mathematical Research, North-Caucasus Federal University, Baboshina V.A. , Orazaev A.R. ,   North-Caucasus Center for Mathematical Research, North-Caucasus Federal University, Lyakhov P.A. ,   North-Caucasus Center for Mathematical Research, North-Caucasus Federal University,   Department of Mathematical Modeling, North-Caucasus Federal University, Boyarskaya E.E. ,   Department of Mathematical Modeling, North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: November 2024

The demand for transmitting video data is increasing annually, necessitating the use of high-quality equipment for reception and processing. The paper presents a neural network recognition system for videos transmitted via a binary symmetrical channel. The presence of digital noise in the data makes it challenging to recognize objects in videos even with advanced neural networks. The proposed system consists of a noise interference detector, a noise purification system based on an adaptive median filter, and a neural network for recognition. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively reduces video noise and accurately identifies multiple objects. This versatility makes the system applicable in various fields such as medicine, life safety, physics, and chemistry. The direction of further research may be to improve the model neural network, increasing the database for training or using other noises for modeling.
Unfolder: fast localization and image rectification of a document with a crease from folding in half
Authors:   Smart Engines Service LLC, Ershov A.M. ,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems of RAS (Kharkevich Institute), Tropin D.V. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Limonova E.E. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaev D.P. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems of RAS (Kharkevich Institute), Arlazarov V.V. ,   Smart Engines Service LLC,   Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

Presentation of folded documents is not an uncommon case in modern society. Digitizing such documents by capturing them with a smartphone camera can be tricky since a crease can divide the document contents into separate planes. To unfold the document, one could hold the edges potentially obscuring it in a captured image. While there are many geometrical rectification methods, they were usually developed for arbitrary bends and folds. We consider such algorithms and propose a novel approach Unfolder developed specifically for images of documents with a crease from folding in half. Unfolder is robust to projective distortions of the document image and does not fragment the image in the vicinity of a crease after rectification. A new Folded Document Images dataset was created to investigate the rectification accuracy of folded (2, 3, 4, and 8 folds) documents. The dataset includes 1600 images captured when document placed on a table and when held in hand. The Unfolder algorithm allowed for a recognition error rate of 0.33, which is better than the advanced neural network methods DocTr (0.44) and DewarpNet (0.57). The average runtime for Unfolder was only 0.25 s/image on an iPhone XR.
Polarization Möbius strip at the tight focus of a generalized Poincaré beam
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Telegin A.M. , Kovalev A.A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, NRC "Kurchatov Institute",   Samara National Research University, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute, NRC "Kurchatov Institute",   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2024

Based on the Richards-Wolf formalism, we investigate tight focusing of a generalized Poincaré beam. Analytical expressions are derived for all components of the electric field strength vector in the focal plane. For superposition of a right-handed circularly polarized plane wave with a left-handed circularly polarized optical vortex with topological charge –1, we obtain expressions for the intensity distribution and the longitudinal component of the spin angular momentum vector at the tight focus. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically that the initial beam has topological charge –1/2 and, in the center of the focal plane, there is a C-point (a point with circular polarization which makes a C-line along the optical axis) with the singularity index of –1/2 (star), whereas the vector of major axis of the polarization ellipse makes along a certain-radius circle around the optical axis a single-side polarization Möbius stripe of the order –3/2, which has three half-turnovers and one stitching, where two opposite major axis vectors of the polarization ellipse meet.
Request of the Intellectual Property Rights Court: Special Aspects of Legal Regulation and Law Enforcement Problems
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of Law, Civil Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, Zaykov Denis E.
Published: November 2024

The request of a specialized arbitration court is an exceptional procedural institution used by it in the consideration of cases on the protection of intellectual rights, which is a sought-after alternative to the institutions of a specialist and expert. The article examines the specifics and shortcomings of the legal regulation of the specified judicial request, the multidirectional judicial practice of its application and suggests ways to resolve existing problems.
On Some Problems of Review of Privately Prosecuted Criminal Cases
Authors:   Deputy Presiding Judge of the Medvedevsky District Court of the Mari El Republic, Mikheev Denis S.
Published: November 2024

The presented article is devoted to topical problems related to the initiation and consideration of criminal cases of private prosecution. The positive and negative aspects of this institute, the expediency of its further existence and development are analyzed. The author substantiated the arguments in favor of its abolition. Ways are proposed to solve the identified problems aimed at simplifying citizens’ access to justice and further humanizing criminal legislation.
Acute Left Branch Block in Pregnancy: A Case of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alçı Mesut , Uysal Emre
Published: November 2024

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare but significant condition occurring during late pregnancy or early postpartum period. Risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy include pregnancy, advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and preeclampsia. This case report presented a case of a 32-year-old woman who developed an acute left bundle branch block due to peripartum cardiomyopathy during pregnancy. This case underscores the importance of considering peripartum cardiomyopathy in pregnant patients presenting with cardiac symptoms, especially those with risk factors such as advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancies. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to mitigate maternal and fetal risks associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Preeclampsia can lead to the development of peripartum cardiomyopathy, a rare but severe condition. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential. Clinicians should consider peripartum cardiomyopathy in patients presenting with preeclampsia symptoms.
Sposoby tworzenia czasownikowych gniazd słowotwórczych przez dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Ejsmunt-Wieczorek Izabela
Published: November 2024

The key objective of this article is to supplement few existing works concerning linguistic skills of pre-school children in relation to word building. The article discusses the topics of children’s verbal word-formation development in the speech ontogenesis. To describe this phenomenon, a nest analysis is used, which, in a clear manner allows to capture derivative techniques and word-formation means used on different levels of linguistic system by 5 year-olds. The nest description method, although wide-spread in linguistics, has not been used in speech therapy research, so far. The article is the first one which presents, how a pre-school child supplements subsequent levels of a given word-formation nest in relation to a verbal derivation.
Fluencja słowna w otępieniu naczyniopochodnym – ujęcie kliniczne
Authors: Gliwa Renata
Published: November 2024

The assumption of this study was the characterization of verbal fluency in vascular dementia. The verbal fluency test was used for the tests. The experimental group included 42 people. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research material was made. Problems with verbal fluency have been described: formal and categorial in patients with vascular dementia in the light, middle and deep degree.
Pytać o Putina – pytać o Rosję
Authors: Broda Marian
Published: November 2024

Wraz z obejmowaniem rządów przez kolejnych władców ożywają każdorazowo w Rosji nasilone spekulacje, spory i dyskusje, dotyczące charakteru dokonujących się przemian.
W państwie o wielowiekowej tradycji samodzierżawnej władzy centralnej podejmowane zabiegi identyfikacyjne skupiają się siłą rzeczy na osobie kremlowskiego przywódcy.
Czasowa i kulturowa odległość, wzajemna odmienność, biegunowość, przeciwstawność i paradoksalność przedstawianych formuł identyfikacyjnych, odnoszonych w pierwszych zwłaszcza latach do Putina i Putinowskiej Rosji, warte są zatem bliższej analizy i objaśniającej refleksji.
Mówią one bowiem wiele nie tylko o ówczesnej rzeczywistości polityczno-społecznej kraju oraz o sposobach jej przeżywania, pojmowania i problematyzacji przez Rosjan, ale również o źródłach i uwarunkowaniach sposobu postrzegania przez nich świata, prawdy, władzy, społeczeństwa. historii i samych siebie.
Analysis of features of electric energy quality management and voltage regulation in housing and communal services
Authors: Armian Evgeny V. , Akhmedov Islam A. , Ekimov Ivan S.
Published: November 2024

Subject of research: methods of improving the quality of electric energy in electric networks used for power supply mainly to municipal consumers in urban areas.
The purpose of the study is to determine the most relevant methods for improving the quality of electric energy of municipal consumers, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as determining the direction of modernization.
Methods and objects of research: the object of research in this material is the housing and communal complex in urban areas, in particular the electric grid complex. The work is based on such scientific research methods as analysis, synthesis, modeling and generalization.
The main results of the study: the analysis of the features of electric energy quality management and voltage regulation in modern conditions. The importance and necessity of using modern intelligent systems to improve reliability, energy efficiency and quality of electric energy i s highlighted. The key prerequisites for the introduction of smart systems for monitoring the state of the electrical network are formulated. The tasks, the solution of which is necessary for the modernization of the complex, have been identified. A proposal has been made to use artificial intelligence-based systems as the main tool for modernization.
Antitumor Activities of the Typhonium flagelliforme Extract Combined with Natural Interferons of Canine and Feline in Mice with DMBA Induced Skin Tumors
Authors: Harlina Eva , Sandriya Ardi , Rostantinata Riski , Nurcholis Waras , Sutardi Lina Noviyanti , Subangkit Mawar , Ridho Rachmi , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo
Published: November 2024

Indonesia has various plants with potential activities and uses as antitumor agents, one of which is Typhonium flagelliforme. This study aimed to examine in vivo the effects of combination therapy of T. flagelliforme leaf-ethanolic extract and natural interferon of canine or feline as an antitumor agent. In this study, 18 female mice of ddY strain induced with 7.12-dimethyl-benz(?)anthracene (DMBA) carcinogenic substance were divided into six treatment groups. All tumor tissues formed were collected and made for histopathological slides. The slides were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure using antibodies for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Caspase-3. The macroscopic observations showed that the skin surface of the mice groups with tumors had alopecia with a reddish color. The microscopic observations showed three tumors types: anaplastic carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The mitotic, angiogenesis, PCNA and Caspase-3 tests showed significant differences among the groups administered with the single and combination test materials. The combination therapy of T. flagelliforme leaf-ethanolic extract and natural interferon can stabilize mice’s body weight, inhibit tumor growth, reduce mitosis and angiogenesis, and reduce PCNA and Caspase-3 expression.
ИНТЕГРАТИВНИ ПРИСТУП – ШАНСА ЗА ПОУЧАВАЊЕ И УЧЕЊЕ НЕМАЧКОГ И РУСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА НА РАНОМ УЗРАСТУ
Authors: Гојков Рајић Александра Ј. , Папрић Маријана Н.
Published: November 2024

У раду разматрамо могућност поучавања и учења страног – немачког и руског језика на раном узрасту, описујемо методе и начин рада са предшколском децом, а као оптимални приступ у усвајању страног језика наводимо интегративни приступ. Њега одликује низ предности, пре свега несвесно и спонтано усвајање језика кроз свакодневне активности у вртићу – игру, покрет, песму, физичке активности, конзумирање оброка, распремање креветића и сл. Посебна пажња посвећена је дидактичким играма, пре свега симболичким играма и игровним активностима са елементима ритма, песме и покрета које погодују развоју памћења, говора, пажње, моторике и свих важних психолошких, сазнајних и развојних функција. Реализација интегративног приступа у неком од будућих предшколских курикулума омогућила би померање почетка учења немачког и руског језика на рани узраст и значајно боља постигнућа у њиховом учењу, те њихову већу заступљеност у образовним институцијама у Србији.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE OF PSYCHOLOGY: CREATING AN INTEGRATIVE BILINGUAL ENVIRONMENT FOR TEACHING STUDENTS
Authors: Janković Nataša Z. , Buđevac Nevena M.
Published: November 2024

Language acquisition and learning play a special part in any child’s cognitive and linguistic development. The younger the children are, the deeper insight into psychology it takes. Academic subject Foreign language learning at young learners’ age is grounded in psychology and psycholinguistics, as one of the EMI-based[1] courses within the ELM programme of the Faculty of Education in Belgrade. We investigated, through focus-group interviews, our students’ (N=32) experience with psychology and language teaching courses to see how they prepare for work with children. The results confirm that integrative courses largely support their personal and professional growth from academic bilinguals to responsible and caring teachers of young learners.
 
[1] English Medium Instruction – the use of English to teach academic subjects other than English itself in countries where the first language of the majority of the population is not English. (https://www.education.ox.ac.uk › research-groups › emi) [Accessed February 2024]
РАНО УЧЕЊЕ СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА КАО ОДЛУЧУЈУЋИ ФАКТОР ПРИ КАСНИЈЕМ ОДАБИРУ СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Бранков Дуња Д.
Published: November 2024

Циљ истраживања јесте да покаже колико рано учење страних језика и њихов одабир утичу на касније, адолесцентско, учење страних језика. У истраживању су учествовали студенти прве године основних академских студија Катедре за иберијске студије Филолошког факултета у Београду, који су путем анкете исказали свој став о одабиру страних језика у различитим узрастима. Прва претпоставка била је да ће испитаници студирати стране језике које нису раније учили, док се друга претпоставка односила на недовољно уважавање жеље ученика при одабиру страних језика у претходном образовању. Као закључак издваја се потврда претпоставки где већина студената студира шпански језик пошто га нису раније учили и да је само петина испитаника имала могућност да утиче на избор страних језика у претходном школовању. Наш закључак би био следећи: требало би обезбедити слободнији избор и учење жељених страних језика на свим нивоима образовања.
Working with Young Children with Special Needs in Earthquake Zone: Experiences of Special Education Teachers
Authors: Ayyıldız Emine , Çiçen Beyza Elif , Ün Yumrutepe Funda , Acartürk Hikmet Taha , Demir Nisa
Published: November 2024

Two devastating earthquakes occurred in the southeast of Türkiye on February 6, 2023. Millions of people were damaged in these Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes, which seriously affected 11 provinces. It is known that children and individuals with special needs were most affected by such traumatic events, and young children with special needs are in the group at the highest risk in this respect. In this study, in which we employed qualitative phenomenological approach, we aimed to reveal the experiences of special education teachers who worked or are currently working in the earthquake zone with young children with special needs. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 teachers determined by purposeful sampling and we analyzed the data inductively. The findings demonstrate that the participant teachers provided services not only to young children with special needs but also to all children in need. It is also noted that there were deficiencies in planning for working with children with special needs, there were difficulties in initiating and maintaining educational activities, and teachers' experiences of working in the region had positive effects on them. Since the physical and psychological difficulties of the earthquakes and the need for support in the region will continue for a long time, it is essential to provide training on what to do in disasters to teachers who are currently on duty and those who will be assigned later. The necessity of providing psychological support to teachers during active work in the region and upon their return should also be underlined.
Evaluating ChatGPT in Generating Feedback on Content and Organization Components of EFL Compare and Contrast Essays
Authors: Ataş Amine Hatun , Cengiz Behice Ceyda , Çelik Berkan
Published: November 2024

ChatGPT, an innovative large language model that has impressed worldwide audiences with its exceptional generative capabilities, is now positioned to significantly transform the field of education. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate how accurately ChatGPT generates feedback on the content and organization components of EFL compare and contrast essays and the extent to which the feedback length provided by ChatGPT differs from that of the human teacher.To address these questions, a ChatGPT prompt incorporating evaluation criteria for content and organization components was developed, generating feedback on 10 compare and contrast student essays using the ChatGPT 3.5 version. The ChatGPT feedback and teacher feedback were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively according to the predetermined evaluation criteria. Furthermore, two types of feedback were compared descriptively and by conducting the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The findings revealed that ChatGPT produced highly accurate feedback for both content and organization components, surpassing the teacher in the length of feedback provided. While the accuracy rate of the generated feedback was high, issues such as holistic assessment of the essay, false positives, failure to provide feedback where needed, and discrepancies in the depth of feedback compared to teacher feedback were identified. The results suggest that while ChatGPT shows promise in providing educational feedback, teacher-AI collaboration in giving feedback for EFL compare and contrast essays is important for delivering feedback that optimally benefits learners.
U.S. Protectionism Against China’s Mercantilism
Authors: Zhukov S. , Maslennikov A. , Reznikova O. , Sinitsyn M.
Published: November 2024

“Trade wars” have become a persistent phenomenon in the escalating geo-economic competition between the United States and China. Simulations of several “trade war” scenarios using the GTAP computable general equilibrium model show that increased protectionism will have a negative impact on the economies of not only the United States, but also China, although for both countries the decline in economic growth rates will be limited. The fewer countries are involved in “trade wars” on the side of the United States, the smaller the economic losses for China will be. The unique structural feature of the Chinese economy is the phenomenally high rate of investment and the low ratio of consumer spending to GDP. The growing gap between investment and consumption is covered by a growing positive foreign merchandized trade balance. During the 2000s, Chinese exports largely displaced American manufacturing in labor-intensive, low-tech industries. This process was called the “Chinese shock”. We are currently witnessing a China shock 2.0, as Chinese companies rapidly increase export of not only labor-intensive but also medium and high-tech industrial products. At the same time, China is rapidly expanding exports to new markets. The continuation of the mercantilist course by the economy, whose share in world GDP reached 17% in 2023, is turning into what Joan Robinson in 1936, observing the collapse of the first format of globalization, defined as the “beggar-my-neighbor” policy. China continues to strengthen its position as a global industrial powerhouse. Most countries cannot compete with an increasingly mercantilist China, and their international specialization is obviously limited to raw materials. The problem of foreign trade imbalance, which the US used as a pretext for initiating a policy of protectionism, is not being solved, but is being spread more widely throughout the world economy. China is absorbing effective demand generated in other countries. In 2023, China maintained a trade surplus in goods with 174 countries and territories. 81 countries had a negative trade balance with China exceeding 3% of their GDP. For many developing countries, the growing negative trade balance with China increasingly threatens the maintenance of macroeconomic balance in the national economy.
Modern Space Technologies for War and Peace: Trends, Threats, Prospects
Authors: Romashkina N.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the issue of applying space technologies for both military and peaceful purposes. The subject of the study includes specialized technical means designed for the exploration and utilization of the universe: spacecraft, satellites, orbital stations, launch vehicles, deep space communication, space engines, extraterrestrial and terrestrial auxiliary infrastructure objects, as well as procedures and special events. It has been proven that space technologies, including the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of satellite constellations, are currently crucial indicators of a nation’s capabilities, status, and global influence. The study analyzes the conceptual framework, the process of spreading space technologies, and the current trends in their development at the present stage. Drawing on data from Russian and foreign scientists and specialists, the author conducted a systematic analysis of modern types of space weapons – those located in space or deployed into Earth orbit and designed for combat in or from space – as well as an analysis of weapons designed to destroy or damage infrastructure in space. The author demonstrates that the increasing threats associated with the development and deployment of new military space technologies pose risks to global peace. In the context of a crisis in the relations between nuclear powers, the likelihood of a rapid escalation of a nuclear conflict increases due to the disruption of the Early Warning System satellites, which consequently raises the risk of accidental ballistic missile launches. Following this logic, it can be argued that the level of strategic stability is already declining today, with extremely negative consequences for all countries worldwide. This underscores the relevance of the research. Proposals have been formulated to prevent an arms race in space by discussing and adopting special binding norms of international law, which Russia has been advocating for many years in cooperation with other interested countries.
U.S. Military Cooperation with Its Allies in Northeast Asia: Threats to Russian Pacific Fleet
Authors: Motyavin M. , Stepanov A.
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the military policy and defense priorities of the USA and its allies in Northeast Asia – Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The region is characterized by territorial disputes, such as those involving the Kuril Islands, and significant changes in military strategies and capabilities in the Post-Cold War, driven by new threats and technological advancements. The paper also examines the security architecture in the region, in particular, the strengthening of trilateral cooperation between the USA, Japan and South Korea. The primary focus is on the United States’ strategic pivot to Asia, which has led to enhanced military cooperation with Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, as well as extensive military exercises aimed at deterring potential adversaries. The study explores Japan and South Korea’s defense strategies, which include substantial increases in defense spending, acquisition of advanced weapon systems, and a shift towards more assertive military policies. Furthermore, the authors touch upon the issue of naval power and its role in shaping the geopolitical landscape of the region. Challenges faced by the Russian Federation’s Pacific Fleet are considered. The revival of Russia’s Pacific Fleet through modernization efforts, including the commissioning of modern submarines and ships, reflects Moscow’s intention to protect its maritime borders and assert its strategic interests amid growing regional tension and rivalry. The authors contemplate the consequences of the U.S.’ enhanced military presence in Northeast Asia, including the deployment of advanced missile defense systems and conducting large-scale military exercises with allies, presenting operational challenges for the Pacific Fleet, potentially limiting its maneuverability and strategic capabilities. The conclusion underscores the increasing complexity of the security environment, driven by Washington’s efforts to maintain its influence and counter perceived threats from China and Russia, which leads to an escalated risk of military confrontations in the region.
Russia Under the Conditions of Global Economy Regionalization
Authors: Shirov A. , Porfir’ev B. , Gusev M. , Kolpakov A.
Published: November 2024

Since 2022, Russia has been developing under a major change in the foreign relations with other countries. Building an updated foreign economic strategy requires defining constructive ways to develop trade, scientific and technological relations with the outside world. The exhaustion of globalization potential and the growth of economic power of developing countries provide for a new model of the world economy. This involves its regionalization with the several centers of power emerging and acting as attractors and focal points for the existing and future commodity and financial flows. One center of power will be based on maintaining the high importance of the US economy, in favor of which a part of the income of developed countries will be redistributed. Another center of power will reflect the growing importance of large developing countries. The increasing conflict and protectionism within global economic relations are an inevitable component of the new model above. As of now, Russia’s economic power is insufficient to become a full-fledged center of power. A positive development scenario is associated with intensive scientific and technological development and ensuring national technological achievements reaching the global level. This will provide odds for organic integration into a world-regional system with a friendly center of power and based on production and technological cooperation through effective technology exchange in the fields of energy, security, digital and additive technologies, construction and industrial engineering. Strengthening of the economic potential for external economic cooperation along with maintaining the country’s defense capability are necessary for effective counteraction against the sanctions pressure. The solution is possible only if the high rates of economic growth are maintained accompanied with growing contribution of its drivers associated with the increasing efficiency of using primary resources. For the Russian economy, it is necessary to ensure at least a neutral impact of net exports on economic growth at the stage of structural and technological modernization. In the future, it is necessary to increase the positive contribution of exports to economic growth based on diversification of the range and geography of product deliveries.
Formulation of Nanoemulsion of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) Leaves Extract as Active Ingredients to Produce Antioxidant Facial Serum
Authors: Fitri Noor , Tanjungsari Afifah Adinda , Himmi Setiawan Khoirul , Solihat Nissa Nurfajrin
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Free radicals can cause cell damage such as premature aging. To protect, ward off and stabilize free radicals, antioxidant compounds can be used. Plants that can be used as a source of antioxidants are gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). The aim of this research is formulating a nanoemulsion of gotu kola leaves extract as an active ingredient for producing the antioxidant serum. The steps of this research include: (1) extraction by maceration and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE); (2) extract characterization; (3) formulation of nanoemulsion using Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) method; (4) nanoemulsion testing: stability test, antioxidant activity test, and irritation test, (5) nanoemulsion characterization which includes particle size, transmittance, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that: (1) yields of the maceration method and MAE were 14,60% and 17,54%; (2) antioxidant compounds in gotu kola leaves extract are squalene, kaempferol, asiaticoside; The IC50 of the maceration and MAE extract were 93,152 ppm and 80,365 ppm; (3) nanoemulsions were made in 3 formulas (0,1; 0,3; and 0,5 g) with fixed variables of capryol 90, tween 20, and PEG 400 (1,5; 2,5; and 1); (4) stability test showed that only F1 was stable; the IC50 value of nanoemulsion is 2604,967 ppm; and the F1 irritation test showed no erythema and edema; (5) The particle size of F1 is 166,7 nm with a transmittance value of 97.4%, a pH of 5,33, and a viscosity of 75,35 cP.
Study of the effect of Adding Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract on the Propoerties of Biodegradable Film from κ-Carrageenan
Authors: Nurlaida  , Saadatul Husna  , Andi Wahyu Trifany
Published: November 2024

Carrageenan is a polysaccharide widely used as a material in the packaging industry in search of plastic replacement. κ-Carrageenan contains the lowest amount of sulfat group among other types of carrageenan which makes it the most hydrophobic one. Hence, the most suitable kind for this particular purpose. This research combined commercially available of both κ-Carrageenan and green tea extract (gte) to create a biodegradable film and then to study its characteristics. The concentration of gte was made as 0 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 1 µg/mL while the concentration of κ-Carrageenan and glycerol remained constant. Incorporation of gte produces in darker, colorless film. While there is no effect of gte addition in water content observed, the higher concentration of gte will create a thinner film and lower level of water vapor permeability (WVP). An additional study of the mechanical properties of κ-Carrageenan/gte film indicated a direct proportion between the concentration of gte and tensile strength of the film. Meanwhile, there is no sign of correlation between gte concentration and elongation at break. SEM study displayed a more compact surface with smaller pores when the concentration of gte is increased
Multiphasic allometry: the reality and significance of ontogenetic shifts in the body-mass scaling of metabolic rate
Authors: Glazier Douglas S.
Published: November 2024

Commonly observed multiphasic ontogenetic scaling of the rate of metabolism with body mass deserves increased attention because metabolism fuels all biological processes, including growth and development. Traditionally, developmental biologists have largely overlooked how ontogenetic transitions are powered by metabolic energy. The reality of multiphasic allometry in some species has also been challenged based on statistical grounds. Therefore, this article attempts to provide helpful perspectives about the reality and significance of multiphasic ontogenetic allometry in three ways. First, it is argued that recent statistical criticisms of multiphasic allometry are problematic because they are based on data that were not properly scaled in geometric (log–log) space and/or on results of analyses of covariance that were distorted by unequal sample sizes and/or unequal/nonoverlapping body-size ranges of the different developmental stages analyzed. Second, it is recommended that the existence of nonlinear (multiphasic or curvilinear) allometry should be tested by comparing linear versus curvilinear regression models or body-size scaling slopes (and their 95% confidence intervals) of different developmental stages, each analyzed with separate, statistically independent log–log regression lines. Third, ontogenetic shifts in metabolic scaling are related to other fundamental developmental changes, thus highlighting the significance of multiphasic allometry for understanding organismal development. Ontogenetic metabolic allometry should be given a more central (general) place in the field of developmental biology.
HU—The Big Pop Cosmogenesis Equation of State
Authors: Pereira Marco
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces the Hypergeometrical Universe (HU) Theory, a groundbreaking cosmological model that proposes a new shape and structure for the universe: the Lightspeed Expanding Hyperspherical Universe (LEHU). In HU, the universe began through a "Big Pop" event—a metric fluctuation driven by the Heisenberg Principle, rather than a singularity. This fluctuation initiated distinct cosmic phases—Blackholium, Neutronium, and Neutrinium—each associated with specific densities, states of matter, and degrees of freedom that drove cosmic evolution. Central to HU is the concept of matter emerging from deformed space, simplifying physics by reducing the universe to interactions between space, deformed space, and time. This model replaces complex mass and field-based theories, allowing natural laws to be derived from first principles. During phase transitions, such as the Blackholium-Neutronium shift, the universe acquired an extra degree of freedom with neutron formation, leading to observable oscillations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The later Neutronium-to-Baryonic phase generated Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), further imprinted in the CMB and reflective of the HU model’s unique particle interactions. To validate this framework, HU achieved the hyperspherical harmonic spectral decomposition of the CMB, addressing the complexity of observations by precisely locating Earth's position in the hyperspherical universe. Hyperspherical harmonics are not a complete basis set for data collected on a spherical surface, such as the CMB; therefore, HU’s accurate spectral decomposition required pinpointing Earth’s coordinates within this topology. By leveraging this spectral information, HU constructs a comprehensive 3D map of the universe, capturing cosmic structures with unprecedented clarity and validating HU’s predictions. This model has far-reaching implications for understanding cosmic origins, matter formation, and the inherent structure of space. HU presents a vision of the universe that challenges conventional models, offering new explanations for phenomena like the homogeneity of the CMB, the absence of antimatter, and the bounded nature of kinetic energy. This paper invites theoretical and experimental physicists to explore HU’s powerful framework, with computational models and spectral maps available to further investigate this transformative view of cosmology.
Otolith morphometry for the determination of the theoretical growth curve of fish
Authors: Bezerra Neto Eloi Bispo , Faria Junior Charles Hanry , Zanchi Fabrício Berton , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: November 2024

During the period from November 2019 to August 2021, a total of 43 specimens of Leporinus friderici, 18 of Prochilodus lineatus, 17 of Hoplias intermedius and 8 of Cichla kelberi were caught in the Verde River basin (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) using various types of fishing equipment. Data collection consisted of measuring fish lengths (LOa, mm) and area (Oa, mm2) of their respective sagitta otoliths. The modified Von Bertalanffy equation (1938) was used to determine the theoretical growth curve as a function of the otolith area. The results indicate that the length of the fish increases in relation to the increase in the otolith area, resulting in a strong logarithmic regression for all species studied. The values of the theoretical growth curve of the fish (observed and estimated) as a function of the areas of the otoliths showed adjustments of R2>75 for the measured and R2>90 for the estimated values. Therefore, the otolith area proved to be adequate for the estimation of growth for the species, which can also facilitate the evaluation of fish length, band is a useful tool for the evaluation of fish stocks.
Klasik Masaja Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Caz Çağdaş
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, bireylerin klasik masaja yönelik tutumlarını ölçmeyi amaçlayan bir ölçek geliştirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan 51 maddelik madde havuzu, masaj alanında uzman kişilere sunulmuştur. Uzmanlar tarafından yapılan değerlendirmeler sonrasında taslak ölçekte yer alan 18 madde kapsam dışı bırakılmış, böylece taslak ölçek 33 maddeden meydana gelmiştir. Taslak ölçeğe açımlayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmış, elde edilen yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi doğrulanmıştır. Doğrulanan yapıya test tekrar test yöntemi ve iç tutarlılık analizi uygulanmıştır. Taslak ölçeğe uygulanan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 4 faktör ve 24 maddeden oluşan bir ölçme yapısı elde edilmiştir. Bu yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiş ve nihai ölçek 4 faktörlü, 20 maddelik yapıya dönüşmüştür.
Bulgular: Mevcut çalışmaya toplamda 717 kişi (362 erkek, 355 kadın) katılım göstermiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliği, test tekrar test yöntemi ve iç tutarlılık analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analizler, ölçeğin kararlılık katsayısının 0,858; Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısının ise 0,868 olduğunu göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Mevcut ölçeğin, kapsam ve yapı geçerliğine bakımından güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Klinik Uygulama Deneyimi Yaşayan Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sağlıkta Ulusal Renkli Kodlar Hakkındaki Farkındalıkları
Authors: Ünlüsoy Dinçer Nigar , Gözüm Ümmü Eslem , Yusufoğlu İnci , Şen Aleyna
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile klinik uygulama deneyimi yaşayan Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin ulusal renkli kodlar ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri ve konu hakkındaki farkındalıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, Ankara ilinde bulunan bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik, Odyoloji, Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümünde okumakta olan toplam 279 öğrenci ile Şubat-Nisan 2020 tarihinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etik kurul izni alınan ve tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipte olan araştırma da öğrencilerden yazılı onamı alınmış olup veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu” ve “Sağlıkta Ulusal Renkli Kodlar Soru Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadaki verilerin analizi SPSS 22.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.96± 1.23 olup %61.6’sı (n=172) Hemşirelik Bölümü öğrencisi ve %5.7’si (n=16) sağlık meslek lisesi mezunudur. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %28.0’ı (n=78) acil durum kodları ile ilgili eğitim aldığını; eğitim alanların %71.7’si (n=200), ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde konu ile ilgili farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin çoğunluğu ulusal renkli kodların hastanedeki düzenin ve güvenliğin sağlanması için gerekli (%80.7) ve bir ekip çalışması olduğu (%83.0) düşüncesine katılmışlardır. Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin diğer bölümlere göre ulusal renkli kod bilgi puanları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin ulusal renkli kodlar hakkında bilgi ve farkındalıklarının geliştirilmesi gereklidir. Bu nedenle konu ile ilgili ortak zorunlu dersler müfredata entegre edilebilir.
Yatan Hastalarda Raporlanan Advers İlaç Reaksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aslan Yasemin
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bir üniversite hastanesinde bildirimi yapılan advers ilaç reaksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Veriler, 01.01.2018-31.12.2021 tarihleri arasında hastanenin Eczane Müdürlüğü kayıtlarında arşivlenen 95 adet “Türkiye Farmakovijilans Merkezi Advers Reaksiyon Bildirim Formu” kullanılarak retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Microsoft Excel programına aktarılan verilerin analizinde PivotTable raporlarından ve tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır. Advers reaksiyona neden olduğundan şüphelenilen ilaçların sınıflandırılmasında “Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Anatomik Terapötik Kimyasal Sınıflandırma Sistemi” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada, bildirimi yapılan advers reaksiyonların %40,9’unun dermatolojik belirtiler ve %18,8’inin solunum sıkıntısı olduğu saptanmıştır. Advers reaksiyon gelişen hastaların %41,1’inin akut lenfoblastik lösemi, %10,5’inin üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu tanısı aldığı görülmüştür. Hastaların %82,1’inde ciddi olmayan advers etkilerin geliştiği ve advers reaksiyon gelişen hastaların %86,3’ünün iyileştiği tespit edilmiştir. Advers etkiye neden olduğu düşünülen ilaçların %51,6’sının sistemik antienfektifler ve %27,4’ünün antineoplastik ve immünomodülatör ajanlar grubuna dahil olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda advers reaksiyona en fazla neden olan ilaç gruplarının sistemik antienfektifler ile antineoplastik ve immünomodülatör ajanlar olduğu ve en sık görülen advers reaksiyonların dermatolojik belirtiler olduğu saptanmıştır. Advers ilaç reaksiyonu gelişmesi açısından yüksek riskli grupta yer alan hasta ve ilaçların tanınması, advers reaksiyonlar konusunda çalışanlara eğitim verilmesi ve advers reaksiyon nedenlerinin tespit edilmesi için ileri düzey çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Farkındalığının İncelenmesi
Authors: Felekoğlu Elvan , Köprülüoğlu Melissa , Sezgin Nazenin Hande , Naz Gürşan İlknur
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon hakkındaki farkındalık düzeylerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak gerçekleşen bu çalışmaya tıp fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 4., 5. ve 6. sınıf öğrencileri dahil edildi. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde alanında uzman öğretim elemanları tarafından fizyoterapi ve fizyoterapistin rolleri ile ilgili sorulardan oluşan bir anket formu hazırlandı ve bu anketin kapsam geçerlik çalışması yapıldı. Ardından dört bölümden oluşan anket soruları katılımcılara yöneltildi. Veriler sayı (%) olarak sunuldu.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 212 öğrenci katıldı. Öğrencilerin %83,5’i fizyoterapi hakkında bilgi sahibi olduklarını, %45,8’i fizyoterapiyi üniversite eğitimi sırasında öğrendiğini belirtti. Öğrencilerin %63,2’si fizyoterapi hizmetlerinin maliyeti hakkında bilgi sahibi değildi. Öğrencilerin %80’inden fazlası fizyoterapistlerin ortopedi, sporcu, yaşlı ve çocuk sağlığında çalıştıklarını bilirken, diğer alanlardaki farkındalık yüzdeleri kısmen düşüktü. Fizyoterapistlerin uyguladıkları tedavi yöntemleri ile ilgili olarak ilaç tedavisi dışında tüm uygulamalar hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri yüksekti. Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu fizyoterapistlerin teşhis koymaları hakkında kararsızken, fizyoterapistlerin sağlık ekibindeki rolünün önemli olduğunu, interdisipliner araştırmalarda yer alabileceğini düşünmekteydi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda tıp fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin fizyoterapi ile ilgili farkındalıklarının iyi düzeyde olduğu ancak özellikle dünyadaki uygulama alanları ve görev tanımları ile ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları görülmüştür.
Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine Başvuran Yaşlı Bireylerin E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Durumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Salar Sinem , Duran Sedef
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yaşlı bireylerin elektronik ortamda sağlık (e-sağlık) okuryazarlığının incelenmesi amacıyla yürütüldü.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tasarım kullanılan çalışma; 65 yaş üzeri, internet kullanan, katılmaya gönüllü olan ve Aile Sağlığı merkezlerine kayıtlı 159 katılımcı ile tamamlandı. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuş bilgi formu ve E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Erkeklerin kadınlardan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek e-sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyine sahip olduğu (b=- 2,200; p=0,044), internet kullanma becerisi artıkça e-sağlık okuryazarlık puanının anlamlı düzeyde arttığı (b=0,854, p=0,001), eğitim düzeyi dahil regresyon modeline dahil edilen diğer değişkenlerin ise e-sağlık okuryazarlık puanı üzerine anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi. E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin “İnternetteki yararlı sağlık kaynaklarını nasıl bulacağımı biliyorum.” maddesinde en düşük ortanca değeri tespit edildi (3, %25=3, %75=4).
Sonuç: Bu bulgular ışığında yaşlı bireylerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin cinsiyet ve internet kullana becerisi olduğu ve internetten doğru bilgilere ulaşmada zorluklar bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaşlı bireylere yönelik planlanacak e-sağlık eğitimlerinde, kadınların gözetilmesi, internet becerilerinin geliştirilmesi ve bireylerin yüksek kalitedeki kaynaklardan doğru sağlık bilgisine ulaşmasını destekleyecek çalışmaların yapılmasının gerekli ve faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.