bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of methods for generating examples that train a neural network to detect and classify interference in the structure of a useful signal
Authors: Malygin I.V. , Belkov S.A. , Mikhailik D.A. , Stafeev K.V.
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of the information transmission system is to transfer useful information between its users reliably and accurately. At the same time, it would be advisable to supplement the functionality of the information transmission system with the ability to analyze interference in the communication channel during the transmission of a message. In the case of analysis of damage to the useful signal, which may occur due to interference of various types in the propagation medium, the information transmission system can use the results of such analysis to improve noise immunity, to collect statistics, to control electromagnetic compatibility. It is known that optimal processing of noise-like signals is carried out using a correlator or a matched filter, but these classical devices might be complemented with a neural network, and then in addition to determining the correlation function, it is the neural network that is able to analyze a signal damaged by interference, as shown by the authors in their previous works. In this case, for the correct training of a neural network, samples of a useful signal damaged by various types of jamming are needed. This article discusses methods for the formation of training images for a neural network designed to determine the period of pulse interference acting on an M-sequence as a known signal. Two techniques are suggested. They are digital modelling and experimental (laboratory) method. The first one is based on the inverting some elements (chips) of the original M-sequence located in certain segments whose lengths are random. The inversion is performed by the program written in C++ language. The second approach involves a special installation that consists of a personal computer, an Arduino microcontroller, a useful signal transmitter, a receiver and a periodic interference generator. The objective of each method is to obtain a matrix of damaged chips in a chain of M-sequences. Such matrix was called an “error profile” by the authors. The characteristics of the error profile obtained for certain interference parameters (jamming pulse period and duration) according to suggested methods can be used as training data for the neural network designed for jamming classification.
A model for preventing radio interference in the communication system of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Kagramanov E.E. , Ivanova S.S. , Kartashov V.S.
Published: October 2024

Problem statement. The communication network of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has proven to be a promising model capable of operating independently and as a repeater to increase coverage and communication efficiency. However, densely distributed ground base stations with common communication frequencies inevitably generate interference within the transmission channel. The influence of interference can be effectively eliminated by implementing optical communication in free space in the communication network of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Goal. Development of a modal for effective elimination of radio interference for unmanned aerial vehicles through the use of a mixed millimeter-wave radio frequency communication system. Results. The simulation results show that the proposed network significantly increases the probability of troubleshooting and achieves an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by approximately 4.6 dB at an average frequency of character errors, especially in scenarios where radio frequency lines are subject to severe interference or unfavorable weather conditions, unlike a fully radio frequency communication network. Practical significance. Improved communication reliability for UAV systems with an effective signal-to-noise ratio reduces the likelihood of packet loss and the bit error rate (BER) of transmitted data.
A technique for modeling conductive interferences of an AC/DC flyback converter
Authors: Romashchenko M.A. , Gudkov A.V. , Makarov O.Y.
Published: October 2024

Formulation of the problem. Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards is an important requirement for most pulsed AC/DC converters. However, during preliminary tests, a high level of conductive interference emission into the supply network is often detected. The elimination of this problem requires several iterations of additional work and subsequent product inspections in the EMC laboratory, which leads to a delay in the design time and an increase in the time of use of expensive measuring equipment. Modeling of conductive interference at the stages of circuit design makes it possible to solve the problem in a shorter time without the need for a large number of laboratory measurements. Purpose. Development of a technique for modeling conductive interference in the LTspice circuit modeling program using the example of an AC/DC flyback converter. The technique will allow for an engineering assessment of the conductive interferences level, optimize the converter filters, which reduces the design time spent on achieving the required EMC standards. Results. The proposed technique was used to build a model of a 120-watt flyback converter and simulate the conductive interference generated by it in the frequency range 9 kHz-30 MHz. The absolute error of the model data relative to the spectrograms of the converter ranged from +6.5 dBuV to -4.3 dBuV in the frequency range of 9 kHz-7 MHz. At higher frequencies, the error increased. Practical significance. The developed technique makes it possible to perform a preliminary assessment of the level of conductive interference with subsequent optimization of the converter circuit, which reduces the subsequent quantity of product modifications. The same technique can be used by developers at remote work.
A method for minimizing voids in solder joints on a printed circuit board
Authors: Protsenko S.A. , Turetsky A.V. , Pirogova Yu.A. , Goncharenko I.V.
Published: October 2024

Formulation of the problem. When mounting electronic components on a board during the soldering process, voids inevitably form inside the connection. There are especially many of them in solder joints that have a large area. These voids impair thermal conductivity and generally reduce both the mechanical and electrical reliability of the contact. Therefore, finding ways to reduce the impact of this defect is a fairly urgent task. Target. Consider the effect of solder mask roughness on the distribution of flux around the contact pad, and also identify the dependence of the formation of voids on the configuration and thickness of solder paste application. Results. More active fluxes have been shown to produce fewer voids in terms of average total area covering the pad. Analysis of samples prepared using modified stencils showed a significantly lower proportion of voids than when using a standard stencil. In addition, it has been shown that the choice of solder mask type has a significant impact on the formation of voids in solder joints. The best results were achieved using a thin stencil with a larger aperture when the printed circuit boards were without a solder mask, and the surface has the greatest roughness. However, when modified, thicker, smaller aperture stencils were used, the solder mask had no effect on void formation. Thus, it was found that stencil modification can be recognized as a more preferable and effective way to minimize voids in solder joints. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used to improve the reliability of radio-electronic equipment by selecting optimal soldering technology parameters that affect the reduction of the number of voids in solder joints of components on the board.
Improving the efficiency of channel evaluation during high-speed data transmission in underwater acoustic communication with OFDM
Authors: Chirkov O.N. , Bashkirov A.V.
Published: October 2024

Problem statement. The organization of noise-resistant wireless underwater acoustic communication is not a simple and solved task. One of the main problems is the multipath propagation of a sound acoustic wave as a result of re–reflections from the seabed surface and a change in the frequency of signal vibrations when the receiver and transmitter move relative to each other. Thus, finding a channel evaluation solution that can improve the quality of communication is an urgent task for developers of underwater acoustic communication systems. Purpose. To consider the possibility of developing effective methods for processing underwater acoustic communication signals with high noise immunity by evaluating the communication channel. Results. The possibility of using an adaptive filter with a sliding window to evaluate the channel during high-speed data transmission in underwater acoustic communication is shown. The simulation results showed that the proposed adaptive filter with a sliding window surpasses the normalized adaptive filters in terms of the BER bit error and wins over additive filters with an exponential window in reducing the number of mathematical operations. When modeling wireless acoustic communication systems with OFDM, error-free data transmission with a spectral efficiency of 0.33 bits/s/Hz was achieved. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to improve the wireless transmission of data in underwater acoustic communication due to the proposed algorithm of the adaptive filter.
High-precision measuring device of volt-ampere characteristics
Authors: Astakhov N.V. , Bobylkin I.S. , Chirkov O.N. , Ivashkina E.M. , Lyapunov R.M.
Published: October 2024

Formulation of the problem. In this paper, the application of the Hall sensor in measuring technology is considered. The hall sensor is used as a measuring element of the volt-ampere characteristics of electrical circuits based on the principle of measuring the electromagnetic field in the area of the conductive pattern on the board in the range of 0 to 30 volts and 0 and 30 amperes. The application of this measurement method allows measuring with an accuracy of up to one thousandth of the measured value, which allows metrological work to be carried out for verification of various types of equipment. The article will be useful for specialists in the field of electronics, electrical engineering and other related fields who are interested in new methods of measuring and controlling the parameters of electrical circuits. Target. The study and analysis of methods of metrological measurements of volt-ampere characteristics using a Hall sensor, their practical application in various fields of science and technology. The proposal of a promising application of the Hall sensor in metrological measuring technology. Results. Three measuring instruments were compared: a developed device based on a Hall sensor, a household multimeter and a Rigol DM3058E, which was taken as a reference. During the experiment, it was concluded that the developed device has a low error. Practical significance. The results of the work can be useful in the further design of metrological devices. This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation, No. 19-79-109, https://rscf.ru/project/19-79-10109 /.
Application of high-impedance surfaces for low-profile antennas
Authors: Gabrielyan D. D. , Zvezdin M. Yu. , Sinyavsky G. P.
Published: October 2024

The fundamental properties of high-impedance surfaces (Sievenpiper’s structures) in low-profile and miniature antenna design are considered. The analysis of the geometry and electric parameters influence on direction characteristics and input-match is given.
Development of microstrip reflectors antenna arrays for focus and polarization filtering on microwave
Authors: Kasyanov A.O. , Obukhovets V.A.
Published: October 2024

Focusing microwave systems design is considered. All researching antennas are manufactured as microstrip reflectarrays. Results numerical and experimental researches are given. The printed polarizing filter of a ship radar antenna is developed and experimentally tested. It is shown, that the proposed filter has the improved characteristics.
Energy loss in practical waveguide channel designs
Authors: But R. O. , Larin A. A. , Lipina M. M. , Samburov N. V.
Published: October 2024

The presence of attenuation of electromagnetic waves in feeder paths leads to a decrease in the efficiency of radio engineering systems, as well as an increase in thermal noise, which reduces the sensitivity of the receiving part of the system. In addition to this, the thermal mode of the path deteriorates, which may be the cause of a decrease in its electrical strength, as well as overheating. For hollow rectangular waveguides, the loss value is determined by the following design characteristics: the internal dimensions of the cross section and the so-called microwave quality of the material in which the ultra-high frequency currents flow. For metallic waveguides microwave quality is characterized, first of all, by intrinsic conductivity and roughness of the inner surface. It should be emphasized that a necessary condition for a full-fledged study of the problem of loss reduction in waveguide devices is the possibility of practical substantiation of the results, specifically – the possibility of conducting measurements of losses in the layout of waveguide devices. However, in many works this issue is not given due attention, and any results of estimation of electrical parameters of conductive layers are not given. The purpose of this work is to study the magnitude of losses in practical designs of waveguide devices. The study is carried out on device layouts, conductive layers of which are made (formed) from common materials of high conductivity with different surface states. This paper presents the results of the study of effective conductivity values of practical waveguide channel designs. The research methodology showed acceptable accuracy (3...5%), and the research results are consistent with previously known data, as well as supplement them. The research results clearly demonstrate that such a widespread concept as the thickness (effective thickness) of the skin layer, obtained by calculation, is of practical importance only for ideal homogeneous materials. In other cases, the depth of occurrence and distribution of microwave current density is difficult to predict, depending on the coating thickness, roughness of the coating and the substrate, as well as on the ratio of their effective conductivities. Most publications on loss reduction in waveguide devices address the issues of surface microroughness. At the same time, in practical designs, attention should be paid to the condition of the surface layer. And it is peculiar not only for galvanic coatings, but also for surfaces obtained by cold deformation. Galvanic silver plating of the inner surface of brass waveguides used to increase electrical conductivity often does not give positive results due to the significant roughness and porosity of the silver coating. While the roughness can be improved (e.g. by mechanical means), reducing the porosity of the deposited metal represents a significant technological challenge.
Methods for optimizing the characteristics of antenna elements and arrays simulating aggregative behavior and evolution of living be-ings in nature
Authors: Los’ V. F. , Porokhov I. O. , Gudkov A. G. , Sidorov I. A.
Published: October 2024

Rigorous analytical solutions to antenna synthesis problems have been obtained for several of their simplest designs, while numerical solutions to specific versions of these problems in a strict electrodynamic formulation for the required practical structures take so much time in most cases that obtaining an optimal solution in an acceptable time is not always possible. For this reason, approximate methods for solving various technical problems, including antenna problems, based on significantly simpler operators than in electrodynamics have become widespread. This allows for a significant gain in time and optimal solutions to synthesis problems in a reasonable time by direct, targeted enumeration of the space of combinations of parameters characterizing the problem under consideration. If it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the solution obtained in this way, approximate methods allow one to select from a possible number of options a significantly smaller number with the best values of the objective function for subsequent analysis of these options by strict methods. A significant place among approximate optimization methods is occupied by evolutionary algorithms (EA), which have been developed since the second half of the last century. They imitate the behavior and evolution of various biological communities, generally obeying the theory of evolution and Darwin's natural selection. The article provides a brief overview of modifications of both well-known algorithms and the control parameters they contain: the genetic algorithm (GA), the method of swarm of biological entities (PSO), the method of differential evolution (DE), with the help of which a number of problems on the synthesis of antennas with discretely and continuously changing parameters have been solved, and a relatively new algorithm – the method of grey wolves (GWO). An example of implementation using the PSO/FDTD optimization algorithm of a dual-frequency and broadband microstrip antenna with an E-shaped plate has been given. A mathematical model and a block diagram of the modified IGWO algorithm have been presented. The superiority of its characteristics in terms of the accuracy of determining the global extremum and the speed of convergence over such well-known algorithms as GWO, SCA, SSA, PSO, FPA, MFO and BA has been shown based on testing these algorithms on twenty-three reference functions.
Modern complexes of monitoring and alerting of events: ensuring optimum use of resources and functioning of information systems and processes
Authors: Panov M.A. , Ishchenko E.A.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses modern monitoring and event notification systems: ensuring optimal use of resources and functioning of information systems and processes. Purpose of the study. Determine the monitoring system available under the GPL license, which would be the least expensive in terms of resources and at the same time would have the greatest configuration flexibility, full functionality and a clear interface. It is noted that effective management of information infrastructure and prompt response to events, such as failures in the operation of servers or network devices, have become key aspects of the successful activities of organizations. An overview of modern monitoring and warning systems is given, which provide continuous monitoring of the IT environment and provide a prompt response to events. Discusses methods for collecting and analyzing data, integration with other systems, and the importance of efficient use of resources. A comparison of the Prometheus + Grafana and Zabbix monitoring systems was carried out in order to analyze the installation and system requirements of each of these systems in order to gain a more complete understanding of their features. The main elements that make up the infrastructure of monitoring systems are listed. An analysis of the potential functions of monitoring systems was carried out, which helped determine which of them are most important for an organization or project. Several popular and most suitable monitoring systems have been selected to meet the requirements and needs. An empirical study was conducted that provided practical insight into which monitoring systems are most suitable for specific tasks and conditions. It is concluded that Prometheus and Grafana have the lowest resource load and high configuration flexibility, especially for containerized and highly dynamic environments. Zabbix is suitable for organizations with larger and more complex infrastructures where extensive monitoring functionality is important. However, the choice between these systems must be consistent with the specific needs and resources of the organization, as well as the level of technical expertise available to install and configure the monitoring system.
Advantages and machine learning role in assessing the enterprises competitiveness in the digital economy
Authors: Saltykova O.A. , Saushkin V.D.
Published: October 2024

This work examines the possibilities and advantages using neural networks to assess the competitive enterprise’s ability in the digital economy. This issue is relevant, considering the progressing digital economy development and the data accumulation on the enterprise’s activities. Analysis of this data with machine learning methods will make it possible to effectively assess the enterprises competitiveness and make effective management decisions that will bring the company to a high level not only in different regions, but also in the country. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify the main factors that have the greatest impact on the business. Such factors include, for example, the introduction electronic document management, business processes robotization using the RPA platform, or their automation using programming languages. The most popular and convenient programming languages for solving similar problems are Python, C#, PowerShell. The latter offers a good approach for communicating with Windows OS and automating system administration tasks. Among the main factors influencing competitiveness, a total of 5 most significant factors were identified for the task: the financial position of the enterprise, the image of the organization, the quality of services, the personnel qualifications level and organization’s digitalization level. Competitiveness classes are proposed to determine the enterprise competitiveness. Three classes were defined for classification: Below_Norm, Normal, Above_Norm. To solve the problem, a multilayer neural network architecture has been developed, the implementation of which is implemented in Python. The use of such a solution makes it possible to achieve an accuracy of more than 90% when solving the classification task. To confirm the neural network functionality, a method for constructing a confusion matrix has been implemented. This matrix shows the percentage of objects that are accurately classified according to the incorrectly detected. Attached are the results of the neural network when solving the problem of classifying competitiveness. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that the values fed to the input classifier may be classified inaccurately, because they are on the boundaries of the results between the observed classes. The data for training neural networks was generated randomly and had a matrix size of 30x5. Since the purpose of the work is to argue for a machine learning approach to solve determining competitiveness problem, there was no need to use real data. The k-nearest neighbors method was chosen as the classification method, since this method shows high accuracy in solving such problems.
Analysis of techniques and technologies for processing trajectory measurements
Authors: Vorona S.G. , Kalinin T.V. , Shulga I.N.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the uncertainty factors of processing trajectory measurements. The purpose of the work: to consider uncertainty factors, to analyze methods for solving poorly formalized problems, as well as the methodology for solving them when processing trajectory measurements using artificial intelligence and expert systems. An important uncertainty factor in the development of methods for processing trajectory measurements is the fuzziness or ambiguity associated with a subset of natural language. Considering the tasks at various stages of the development of methods for processing trajectory measurements as decision-making tasks, it is advisable to indicate the uncertainty factors that occur in various situations when solving these tasks. These include vagueness, ambiguity, and uncertainty: arising from the description of resources allocated for modeling; arising in the case when the available numerical information does not allow to find solutions by formal methods, but nevertheless, there are such solutions; arising in the early stages of processing, when there are a number of alternative options; arising from the interpretation of the results of computational experiments; arising in the case when, despite the possibility of using precise mathematical relations to solve selection problems, it is convenient for experts to use informal methods that reduce the time required to solve the required tasks. The analysis of methods for solving problems of processing trajectory measurements is carried out. A new methodology is presented, the essence of which is to change the traditional scheme of formalization of the tasks of the subject area of interest to engineers, in cases where the use of the traditional scheme is impossible for some reason. A methodology for solving poorly formalized problems is presented, as well as expert systems for processing trajectory data.
Optimization of parametric problems with a negative value of the objective function using the ant colony method
Authors: Sinitsyn I.N. , Titov Yu.P.
Published: October 2024

A modification of the ant colony method is considered, which makes it possible to search for a rational (optimal) solution to a parametric problem with the possibility of obtaining a negative value of the objective function. The objective function in the original algorithm that calculates the traveling salesman's path is determined by the total length of the path and cannot be negative. But when solving parametric problems of optimization of difference values for high availability systems, negative values of the objective function may arise. Such values lead to a negative value of the weights (pheromone), which leads to incorrect operation of the probabilistic arc/vertex selection formula. A formula has been derived for recalculating the positive shift of the objective function and pheromone to obtain a positive value of the pheromone, which is used when the sum of the value of the objective function and the shift is negative. The approaches are compared: initial shift, single shift, calculation of the module of the objective function, and a gradual iterative shift algorithm is proposed. The proposed approach allows us to equate the minimum value of the objective function to 0 and mathematically recalculate the weights (pheromone) for the parametric problem taking into account the resulting shift. By applying relative values of the weights, such a shift does not affect the probability distribution, but takes into account new values for previous calculations of the objective function. The studies were carried out on various benchmarks with optimal values in the negative region. Statistically, the proposed algorithm is not inferior in performance to shift and modular algorithms for converting the value of the objective function to the positive semi-axis.
A blockchain-based DAC distributed access control model
Authors: Hammoud O. , Tarkhanov I.A.
Published: October 2024

Access control systems allow organizations to control user access to their resources with high reliability and availability. Blockchain technology can help in this case. However, when it comes to storing access control data, especially the matrix that defines user rights to files (DAC model) may be too large to be handled by blockchain as is. Thus, a decentralized access control model that results in a small amount of data storage on the blockchain can be beneficial in terms of the reliability of blockchain networks while allowing it to scale by adding large numbers of users and files. We present access control DAC model which uses a Merkle tree to store data, minimizes the storage size on the blockchain. This solution can be used with a variety of file storage systems, regardless of the used file storage technology. The proposed approach suggests additionally caching some requests to increase scaling. The proposed model was tested on 500 objects in a distributed environment.
Bayes synthesis of multidimensional stochastic system with high availability by wavelet canonical expansions
Authors: Sinitsyn I.N. , Sinitsyn V.I. , Korepanov E.R. , Konashenkova T.D.
Published: October 2024

Paper in devoted to methodological and instrumental software synthesis support for multidimensional stochastic systems with high availability (StSHA). For modeling of nonstationary stochastic processes (StP) it is supposed to implement wavelet canonical expansions (WLCE), based on coefficients of canonical expansions of covariance matrix using two dimensional orthonormal wavelet basis with compact carrier. Vector StSHA input and output are nonlinear on vector of random parameters with known probability density and Gaussian (normal) noise. Noises do not depend upon random parameters. Functional Bayes criterion (FBC) is presented by linear functional. Optimal system is synthesized using conditional risk criterion. General StSHA synthesis method and algorithm contains 4 steps and 7 positions. FBC optimal estimate is calculated by WLCE method. Special software is developed for scalar nonlinear StSHA. Results of computer experiments are given and discussed. His shown that high efficiency of method at 8 WLCE items. Directions of future investigations are presented.
Novel FPGA clock concept and dual-mode basic logic element
Authors: Sokolov I.A. , Tyurin S.F. , Stepchenkov Yu.A. , Diachenko Yu.G. , Nikitin M.S. , Sovetov S.I.
Published: October 2024

Typically, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) use a clock generator, which frequency is calculated based on the worst-case transient. Asynchronous circuits operate on real transient delays, but their design is much more complex. Self-timed (ST) circuits, proposed by D. Muller in the late 50s of the twentieth century, the asynchronous circuit subclass, have built-in means of the transition process completion acknowledging. Thanks to this property, ST circuits are characterized by a wide range of performance in terms of supply voltage and ambient temperature and ensure reliable operation at any logic cell delays determined by the current operating conditions. There are currently no commercially available self-timed FPGAs on the market. And numerous attempts to use traditional synchronous FPGAs and their design tools to create self-timed prototypes have not made it possible to fully realize their potential advantages. This article aims to improve the ST circuit FPGA-implementation efficiency. The Institute of Informatics Problems of the Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the major center of competence in the self-timed direction in the Russian Federation. On the topic of joint scientific research with the Perm National Research Polytechnic University, a number of logical cells for ST-FPGA have been previously developed. Target. Formulation of the new FPGA type concept using the operating mode choice, clarification of the proposed logical element's structure and methods of its reconfiguration for a given operating mode, and features of cascading elements of this type for the construction of multi-bit logical elements. The concept of a new type of FPGA with increased flexibility and operating mode selection is proposed. It allows developers to select not only functions and connections, but also to build digital circuits cases with different operating modes using computer-aided design systems: both synchronous and self-timed, or a combination of both. The design of a dual-mode logic element and details of its reconfiguration, as well as scaling issues for bit capacity increase, are also clarified. The practical use of the proposed two-mode basic logic element increases the flexibility of digital equipment projects on FPGAs, which is especially important for critical application areas at the current stage of integrated technology development in the Russian Federation.
Application of wavelet transformation and singular spectral analysis in time series decomposition
Authors: Gulyaev A.V. , Pivneva S.V.
Published: October 2024

When studying a time series, it is traditionally customary to use a generalized mathematical model where a trend component, a cyclic component that describes the repeatability of a cyclic process over time intervals and a random component or noise – this component is responsible for factors hidden from the observer. It is assumed that the main trend and the cyclical component can be accurately described because they are formed by known factors that can be taken into account within the framework of models. The discrete wavelet transform is traditionally used to decompose BP into additive components. The first discrete wavelet transform was invented by the Hungarian mathematician Alfred Haar (1910-1920). In parallel with this method, in the 70s and 80s, the idea of a time series analysis method called SSA (Singular Spectrum Analysis) arose in Russia, the method was called "Caterpillar". During the existence of the method, it has received an extension of its application – automation of the allocation of trend and cyclic components of BP has been developed. Using the example of a study of the real time series of TRAFFAT, two methods of decomposition time series into additive components are considered. The complexity of determining the initial parameters is compared, the applicability to the decomposition of real time series is tested, and the quality of decomposition by both methods of one reference time series is compared. An assessment of the quality of the decomposition of the time series into components was made, as well as a comparison of the two methods in terms of the complexity of the analyst's application and the possibility of automating the selection of parameters.
Bioética, biopolítica e interculturalidad en salud pública: estudio de caso del Hospital Mama Dominga
Authors: Ocaña-Calvachy Charlie Stephania
Published: October 2024

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo da cuenta de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación, cuyo objetivo fue la propuesta de un aporte desde la Bioética y la Biopolítica para la reformulación de un modelo de salud pertinente con las necesidades del contexto sociocultural de la población atendida por el Hospital Mama Dominga en Silvia, Cauca, Colombia.
Metodología/Enfoque. El estudio siguió un corte fundamentalmente cualitativo, se privilegiaron las fuentes documentales y de sondeo, así como las observaciones propias del investigador.
Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados ofrecen un acercamiento a la apreciación del pueblo Misak sobre la salud y su sistema de atención y resaltan la necesidad de apertura de diálogos realmente horizontales en ámbitos de ciencia y cultura, en pro del mejoramiento del bienestar de las comunidades tradicionales en el país.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. A partir de la lectura de referentes teóricos y su correlación contextual con el desarrollo histórico de la salud en el Cauca, especialmente en el resguardo de Guambía con la comunidad Misak, se estableció una línea de análisis sobre la pertinencia de los modelos de atención en salud en contextos rurales o tradicionales y las oportunidades de transformación desde experiencias, historia y conocimientos propios de la población.
Estimativa de propriedades termodinâmicas básicas dos componentes das reações de hidrólise envolvendo o óleo da Macaúba
Authors: Franco Júnior Moilton Ribeiro , Reis Soares Ricardo , dos Santos Neto Valdir F.
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo predizer algumas propriedades físico-químicas como fator acêntrico (ω), temperatura crítica (Tc), volume crítico (Vc) e pressão crítica (pc) de ácidos graxos puros e triglicerídeos. Metodologia: Modelos e equações disponíveis na literatura têm sido adotados como técnica de modelagem não linear e abordagem computacional baseada em alguns descritores moleculares relevantes. Um escasso número de pontos experimentais foi usado para verificar os modelos e equações usados, incluindo alguns pontos para temperatura de ebulição (Teb) e Tc, para ácidos com cadeia de carbono longa. Resultados e discussões: Os resultados dos modelos mostraram boa precisão, confirmado pelos baixos valores de desvio relativo que variaram de 0,25 a 0,87 % para estimativa de Teb dos ácidos graxos, e pelos baixos valores de erros calculados, que variaram de 0,25 a 13,4 % para os melhores modelos para estimativa de Tc e pc de ácidos graxos. Em relação aos triglicerídeos, os autores recomendam que dados experimentais sejam obtidos com antecedência para uma avaliação confiável. Conclusão: Os modelos forneceram resultados satisfatórios, superando a maioria dos modelos citados na literatura. Esta abordagem de trabalho pode ser aplicada em engenharia de petróleo e outras áreas relacionadas, como biocombustíveis, para determinar com precisão o fator acêntrico, temperatura de ebulição e propriedades críticas de compostos puros que participaram da reação de hidrólise do óleo de macaúba e outros biocombustíveis.
Revisión de usos y beneficios de la harina de plátano en alimentos, base para el fortalecimiento de la cadena productiva del Putumayo
Authors: Silva-Jiménez Daniela , Rojas-Navarro José Faruk
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar el estado actual de los usos y beneficios de la harina de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) en alimentos para consumo humano, como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la cadena productiva en el departamento del Putumayo. Para tal fin, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos de diferentes artículos científicos indexados relacionados con los usos que se le están dando a la harina de plátano a nivel internacional y nacional. Se determinó que entre los usos más frecuentes para consumo humano se encuentran las coladas, pastas y panificación, además que los beneficios para la salud son amplios por su contenido de almidón resistente, capacidad antioxidante, contenido de proteínas, fenoles y flavonoides; lo cual la convierte en una materia prima de relevancia para elaboración de alimentos y el favorecimiento de la salud humana; aspecto que puede ser aprovechado para potencializar la producción y transformación de plátano en el Putumayo.
Aplicación de nanopartículas metálicas como alternativa en Colombia para el control del “Mal de Panamá”: revisión
Authors: Cuervo-Osorio Giovanni Alberto , Salazar-Moncada Diego Alberto , Ossa-Orozco Claudia Patricia
Published: October 2024

El mal de Panamá es una enfermedad que ataca las plantaciones de bananos y plátanos, es ocasionada por el hongo Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical (syn: Fusarium odoratissimum), en la actualidad es un problema que ha llamado la atención del sector agrícola en Colombia, puesto que genera una gran pérdida económica. En la actualidad, no se cuenta con una solución o un material para controlar o inhibir la presencia de este hongo. Entre las soluciones planteadas está el uso de las nanopartículas metálicas, la cual es una opción innovadora frente a este problema. Es así como este estudio se centra en una revisión del uso de nanopartículas metálicas para el control de dicho fitopatógeno, no solo a nivel mundial, sino también en Colombia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica referente del tema, consultando base de datos como: Scopus, Google Scholar, y SCieLo, buscando artículos, patentes, libros, entre otros. Se identificaron diferentes estudios, en los cuales se usan nanopartículas metálicas para el control del hongo del género Fusarium sp, sin embargo, se evidenció el gran vacío que existe en Colombia y en el mundo, sobre estudios con nanopartículas metálicas en contra del hongo Fusarium sp. oxysporum cubense raza 4 tropical causante del mal de Panamá.
Simulation and conceptual design of a dl-methionine production process by the chemical synthesis route
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Amaury , González-Abad Arlette de la Caridad , Acosta-Solares Amanda , Ranero-González Elizabeth , Pérez-Sánchez Eddy Javier
Published: October 2024

Methionine is one of the two sulfur-containing amino acids demanded in the diet of humans, other mammals and avian species, while most of the produced methionine is consumed as an animal feed additive, especially in livestock production and the poultry market. In this paper, the techno-economic assessment and conceptual design of an industrial scale, feed grade dl-methionine production process was carried out using SuperPro Designer simulator. The plant was designed to produce 109 tons of dl-methionine per year through the chemical synthesis route. The total capital investment and annual operating cost of the proposed plant were USD $ 8.282 million and USD $ 1.323 million, respectively, while the net present value, the internal rate of return and payback time of the project were USD $ 4.436 million, 20.33 % and 4.74 years, respectively. The findings indicated that the proposed production process is feasible and profitable for a dl-methionine selling price of USD $ 35/kg. The innovative simulation model obtained in this work could be used for further optimization studies, as well as to increase the productivity and profitability of the proposed plant.
The variety of shapes perianth leaflet of Colchicum laetum L., C. ancyrense B. L. Burtt and C. bulbocodium var. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Perss
Authors:   Saratov State University, Epifanov Vladimir S. , Parkhomenko Alyona S. ,   Saratov State University, Kondratieva Anna O. ,   Saratov State University, Orlova Anastasya D. ,   Saratov State University, Kashin Aleksandr S. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2024

The objects of the study were C. laetum L., C. ancyrense B. L. Burtt and C. bulbocodium var. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Pers. The variability of the shape of the bends of the sepals was studied by geometric morphometry. In each of the 30 populations located on the territory of European Russia, 30 samples were examined. To visualize the initial data, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify patterns of variability in the shape of the bends of the perianth leaflets. Only C. bulbocodium subsp. are relatively well separated from each other on this basis. versicolor and C. ancyrense, while C. laetum is not separated from either species due to a much larger amplitude of polymorphism. Such spatial distribution of morphological parameters in the studied species may be associated with the influence of biogeographic factors.
The role of unequilibrium dynamics of the number and genetic structure of populations in interspecific interactions of the russet (Spermophilus major Pall.) and the speckled (Spermophilus suslicus Güld.) ground squirrels in a wide zone of sympatry
Authors:   Penza State University, Kartavov Nikita А. , Chernyshova Olga V. ,   Penza State University, Zaks Svetlana S. ,   Penza State University, Titov Sergey V. ,   Penza State University
Published: October 2024

The dynamics of the number and genetic structure of populations is one of the leading factors determining the success of the existence of populations in time and space. Based on observations (changes in numbers) and molecular genetic analysis data (CR and cyt b), the dynamics of the demographic and genetic structure of the populations of russet (Spermophilus major Pall.) and speckled (S. suslicus Güld.) ground squirrels in the sympatry zone were studied. A similar cyclical nature of the temporal dynamics of the genetic structure of populations in both sympatric species is shown.In the russet ground squirrel, a more ecologically plastic species and prone to migratory activity, population genetic processes occur on a large scale.The explosive demographic situation associated with the passage of populations through the “bottleneck” state is one of the factors leading to interspecific hybridization.
Peculiarities of primary school students’ cooperation determined by the characteristics of the learning environment
Authors:   Moscow Сity University, Koval' (Diryugina) Elena G. , Yasvin Vitold A. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO)
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education which records meta-subject learning outcomes. These results include the mastery of such cooperation skills as setting the goal of a collaborative activity and defining the ways to achieve it, role allocation, mutual control, self- and peer-assessment of students’ behavior, and constructive conflict resolution. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the learning environment in which students demonstrate a high level of cooperation skills. The study hypothesizes that students demonstrate a higher level of cooperation skills in the environment that provides opportunities for their free activity, independent choice, reliance on their personal interests, independence of judgments and actions, structured and psychologically safe competence, i.e. satisfying the child’s needs for autonomy, and connectedness with others. Participants: 1384 fourth-graders and management teams from 37 secondary schools in 21 regions of the Russian Federation. Methods (tools): to assess cooperation skills we used the monitoring tool “4C” (c ritical thinking, creativity, communication, cooperation) developed at the Center for Psychometrics and Measurements in Education at the HSE Institute of Education, which contains scenario-type tasks in a computer format; to determine the characteristics of the environment we used the vector modeling techniques and the evaluation of quantitative parameters of the educational environment (V. A. Yasvin). Results. The study shows the correlation between the level of students’ cooperation and the environment types identified on the basis of the ‘freedom-dependence’ and ‘activity-passivity’ scales, as well as on the basis of the quantitative parameters of the environment. Conclusions. The study has determined the environment characteristics associated with a high level of cooperation skills in primary school. They include predominance of active and free types of environment, structuring, safety, breadth, and intensity. Practical significance. Management and teaching teams of educational organizations may be recommended to take into account the results obtained when choosing priorities for designing and organizing the environment aimed at personal development.