bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En défense de l’honneur de la comedia de Castilla. En trois actes: 1635, 1792, 1830
Authors: Baczyńska Beata
Published: July 2020

La querelle du Cid and la bataille d’Hernani show how much French theatre was dependent on Spain: the Spanish comedia used to be criticised for its irregularity by the classics (Voltaire) and praised for liberality by the romantics (Hugo). The article presents three moments in the history of Spanish theatre and its political involvement. (1) Idea de la comedia de Castilla by José Pellicer de Ossau y Tovar, who defined twenty rules of Spanish comedia in 1635, is analysed in the context of the theatre activity at the very moment when the king of France decided to declare war on the king of Spain. (2) La comedia nueva o el café by Leandro Fernández de Moratín, a metatheatrical master-piece, is presented as a confrontation of the Enlightenment with traditional Spanish theatre. (3) Aben Humeya by Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, a Spanish liberal exiled in Paris, and its French premiere in July of 1830 shows the implication of politics and theatre in both France and Spain.
Researching unheard voices: Parents caring for their adult children who have learning disabilities
Authors: Lawrence Julie
Published: July 2020

The intention of this article is to convey the importance of research with ‘hard to reach’ populations and utilise the outcomes from a qualitative (Doctor of Philosophy) study completed in 2017. Important issues, which involved both social workers located within an adults’ multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and parents who supported their (adult) children with learning disabilities, are discussed throughout. The White Paper Valuing People (Department of Health, 2001) is briefly discussed in relation to the impetus towards supporting parents and informal carers. Furthermore, the notion of health and social care integration and its progress is also highlighted, with a focus upon how progress (or not) has had an effect upon parents supporting an (adult) child with learning disabilities. Creative methods of parental engagement are revealed, which highlight the complexities of supporting a son or a daughter with learning disabilities. Stanfield’s (2000) Four-level Framework has been utilised as the basis for data generation and the analysis of the findings. The ‘lived experiences’ of parents who received statutory services are presented as five individual case studies, which discuss their sons’ and daughters’ support arrangements. The Mental Capacity Act, 2005 has been referred to in this article as the underpinning legislation which brought about changes for the parents and the circumstances of their children. Consequently, the parents discussed their changing relationships with social workers as a result of using this legislation. All the parents (n=5) illustrated the significance of social workers’ support and how their input had made a positive difference to their lives. The findings from this research study were shared with social workers and allied health professionals located within the learning disabilities service. The purpose was to present ‘new knowledge’ about the lives of parents receiving multi-disciplinary services.Keywords: social workers, multi-disciplinary team, learning disabilities, adults, parents, Mental Capacity Act, 2005
Understanding contemporary Family Support: Reflections on theoretical and conceptual frameworks
Authors: Herrera-Pastor David , Frost Nick , Devaney Carmel
Published: July 2020

Family Support is a transdisciplinary field made up of practices and knowledge from different areas, theories and approaches. This article strives to contribute to the development of this  complex epistemological foundation by undertaking a review of the main theoretical frameworks. The relationship between the practice and theory of Family Support is analysed in the paper. A review of the ‘state of the art’ is undertaken, exploring both the role of wide-ranging social theory, and more specific psycho-social theories. Practical examples are provided to ground the analysis. Finally, the article proposes an integrated model proposed providing a critical and versatile approach to understanding different realities. Cross-national joint construction is encouraged to advance Family Support as both a theory and to provide a framework which guides both practice and policy.
A construção e difusão do conhecimento por meio de contos africanos
Authors: Santos Filho Eudaldo Francisco , Alves Janaina Bastos
Published: July 2020

Esta produção faz uma breve reflexão sobre a forma de construção e difusão de conhecimento a partir de práticas orais da cultura africana por meio dos contos e lendas repassados entre as gerações. O tema escolhido para a observação, investigação e construção teórica foi a cosmologia, a forma de encarar o surgimento do universo, fazendo um paralelo da ciência formal com a cultura africana. Faz, de forma introdutória, uma análise comparativa da difusão do conhecimento da ciência formal e os dos contos africanos, acerca do assunto, tendo as distintas visões, sem com isso legitimar ou hierarquizar nenhuma das possibilidades observadas. Trata-se de duas formas de representação do conhecimento, o cânone científico formal da concepção do universo e a maneira lúdica, e não menos importante, que a tradição africana concebe a criação do mundo e dos seres humanos. A construção e o emprego do conceito de oralitura sobre o tema é uma das conquistas do texto, trazendo também consigo e em consequência, a dimensão das africanidades incrustadas no processo de difusão de saberes e conhecimento.
Renovação do marxismo na Argentina
Authors: Melo Alessandro de , Marochi Ana Claudia
Published: July 2020

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar uma parte da obra de José Aricó (1931-1991), intelectual argentino, fundador da Revista Pasado y Presente e um dos grande introdutores das ideias de Antonio Gramsci em seu país e na América Latina. O que se pretende estudar é a recepção da obra gramsciana pelo autor no movimento de ruptura de Aricó e seu grupo com o Partido Comunista Argentino - PCA, que se deu nos fins dos anos 50 e início dos anos 60. A característica mais importante na recepção das ideias de Gramsci naquele período e na conjuntura argentina, foi a renovação do marxismo gramsciano em relação à prática e à teoria do PCA, marcadamente stalinista, segundo a avaliação do grupo de Córdoba, do qual Aricó foi um dos grandes expoentes. Com o estudo do pensamento de José Aricó tem-se a intenção de apreender dois processos distintos: em primeiro lugar, analisar a sua leitura da obra de Gramsci e a crítica ao marxismo de caráter positivista, que o levou a ser expulso do PCA, juntamente com outros integrantes “gramscianos”. Por outro lado, possibilitar a realização de leituras mais densas e articuladas com as realidades de nossos países. O objeto principal da leitura são os dois Manifestos publicados por Aricó na Revista Pasado y Presente, nos anos de 1963 e 1964, por meio dos quais podemos compreender o que aqui se entende por renovação do marxismo na obra do autor.
Percalços e desafios da profissão docente no meio rural em Ariquemes (RO)
Authors: Lima Roger dos Santos , Barros Josemir Almeida
Published: July 2020

O artigo objetiva analisar os percalços e desafios enfrentados por professoras e professores para o exercício da profissão docente no meio rural entre as décadas de 1980 a 1990 em Ariquemes – RO, região Norte do Brasil. Entre as indagações destacamos: de que modo o magistério rural estava organizado em termos de carreira e grau de instrução de professoras e professores? Quais as atribuições das professoras e professores nos cotidianos das escolas rurais? Em termos metodológicos utilizamos fontes históricas diversas, entre elas declarações; discursos governamentais e fontes orais coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras e professoras que exerceram e/ou ainda exercem o magistério no meio rural. Compreende-se a partir da investigação que o ingresso na carreira docente ocorria por meio de indicação da comunidade e que a prática docente nas escolas rurais eram de modo multisseriado. As quatro primeiras séries do primeiro grau dividiam o mesmo espaço da escola e as professoras e professores rurais enfrentavam várias dificuldades, alguma delas: percorrer longínquas distâncias para lecionar, tripla e quádrupla função, entre outras funções. Por estes artifícios as professoras e professores representavam o modelo social do intelectual cidadão e lecionar nas escolas rurais não representava um serviço, tampouco uma inserção no mercado de trabalho, mas uma ajuda a sua própria comunidade.
A evolução das matrículas na educação básica no Brasil
Authors: Davies Nicholas , Alcântara Alzira Batalha
Published: July 2020

O artigo, por meio de análise de censos educacionais e literatura acadêmica, objetiva oferecer um quadro da evolução das matrículas estaduais e municipais de 2007 a 2017 e privadas de 2006 a 2017 na educação básica no Brasil, examinar algumas explicações desta evolução e indicar cuidados com o uso dos censos da educação básica. Constata a redução nacional das matrículas estaduais (-5.704.486), municipais (-1.429.275) e o crescimento das matrículas privadas (+1.540.858), com enormes diferenças entre regiões e estados. Aponta, igualmente, a insuficiência de explicações dadas para esta redução e sugere que ações políticas governamentais têm contribuído para esse quadro tão diverso.
A consciência filosófica na pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Martins Marcos Francisco , Rezende Andre Canevalle
Published: July 2020

Este texto apresenta a íntegra da entrevista com Dermeval Saviani, o formulador originário da pedagogia histórico-crítica (PHC). Ela foi realizada de modo presencial por Marcos Francisco Martins e André Canevalle Rezende, no dia 26 de setembro de 2019, na Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp, em Campinas-SP. O foco do diálogo com o entrevistado foi conhecer a concepção que ele tem de consciência filosófica e verificar a centralidade ou não deste conceito na referida teoria pedagógica.
Pemberdayaan pemuda desa melalui budi daya jamur tiram di Desa Lembah Sempage Narmada Lombok Barat
Authors: Muhtar Fathurrahman , Hajaroh Siti
Published: July 2020

[Bahasa]: Pemberdayaan masyarakat, secara lugas dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses yang membangun manusia atau masyarakat melalui pengembangan kemampuan masyarakat, perubahan perilaku masyarakat, dan pengorganisasian masyarakat. Salah satu pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah pemberdayaan pemuda desa melalui budi daya jamur Tiram di desa Lembah Sempage Narmada Lombok Barat. Adapun alasan memilih subyek dampingan adalah: 1) dengan pertimbangan kondisi Narmada yang jenderung dingin sangat tepat untuk budi daya jamur, 2) Biaya budi daya tidak begitu mahal, 3). Bahan-bahan untuk budidaya jamur mudah didapatkan, dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar seperti Serbuk gergaji kayu, Bekatul sebanyak, Kapur CaCo? sebanyak, dan Air. Dari observasi awal kondisi dampingan saat ini adalah: pertama: pemuda di desa lembah sempage tidak memiliki kemampuan pemberdayaan lingkungan. Kedua, Pemuda desa lembah sempage hanya mengandalkan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan yang bersifat musiman. Adapun hasil pengabdian para pemuda desa mampu membuat bagblok jamur dan menyemai bibit jamur ke dalam bagblok (media tanam jamur)

Kata Kunci: pemberdayaan, budi daya Jamur, bagblok, masyarakat
Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengolahan limbah kulit buah manggis (garcinia mangostana L) di Desa Lingsar Kec lingsar Kab. Lombok barat
Authors: Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: July 2020

[Bahasa]: Sampah dan limbah merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang harus diminimalisir. Permasalahan yang dihasilkan diantaranya seperti merusak pemandangan, bau, dan mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat menghasilkan sampah dan limbah adalah aktivitas belajar mengajar di madrasah. Seperti di Madrasah Binaan IAIN Mataram yaitu Madrasah NW Mercapada Selat Narmada Lombok Barat Nusa Tenggara Barat Indonesia. Tujuan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat adalah; untuk memperagakan/mempraktikan proses/cara pengolahan sampah dan limbah yang dihasilkan dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar di Madrasah Aliyah NW Mercapada Selat Narmada Kabupaten Lombok Barat dan untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan Madrasah NW Mercapada Selat Narmada, sehingga perlu dilakukan pelatihan manajemen sampah dan limbah. Langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir jumlah sampah dari kegiatan belajar mengajar tersebut adalah dengan meningkatkan kualitas Sumberdaya Manusia  seperti peserta didik, tenaga pendidik dan pengelola madrasah. Pelatihan manajemen sampah dan limbah mampu menghasilkan produk, baik berupa kerajinan tangan berbahan dasar sampah plastik, kompos, dan pupuk organik cair maupun padat. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian dapat memberikan solusi dalam menghadapi permasalahan lingkungan yang terjadi terutama permasalahan lingkungan yang terjadi di lingkungan madrasah seperti permasalahan sampah dan limbah yang dihasilkan selama kegiatan belajar mengajar.

Kata kunci: sampah, limbah, lingkungan
Composition corporelle et caractéristiques biologiques des muscles chez les bovins en croissance et à l’engrais
Authors: MICOL D. , ROBELIN J. , GEAY Y.
Published: July 2020

Cet article présente de façon synthétique les connaissances acquises par différentes équipes de recherches sur les lois biologiques de variations de la composition corporelle des bovins et les effets des facteurs zootechniques qui permettent de la modifier (génotype, sexe, stade d’abattage, niveau d’alimentation, nature de la ration et facteurs de croissance). Les caractéristiques du tissu musculaire, déterminantes pour la qualité de la viande, et leurs variations sous l’influence des mêmes facteurs sont également développées.
Revenus et systèmes de production. Les exploitations bovines des Pays de la Loire
Authors: COLSON F. , CHATELLIER V. , DESARMENIEN D.
Published: July 2020

Première région française productrice de viande bovine, les Pays de la Loire se caractérisent par une grande diversité des systèmes de production. Les simulations des conséquences de la réforme de la PAC sur le revenu des producteurs de viande bovine ont été réalisées pour 400 exploitations de l’échantillon RICA représentatives des 44 000 exploitations productrices de viande bovine dans la région, réparties en sept systèmes techniques.
Facteurs de variation de la valeur nutritive du maïs ensilage
Authors: DEMARQUILLY C.
Published: July 2020

La composition morphologique de la plante de maïs évolue jusqu’au stade vitreux du grain (35 % de matière sèche (MS) dans la plante entière), le grain a alors atteint sa maturité physiologique et représente de 40 à 50 % de la MS. La composition chimique évolue relativement peu après la floraison sauf la teneur en amidon qui augmente au détriment de la teneur en glucides solubles. La digestibilité de la matière organique (dMO) et l’ingestibilité, mesurées sur des moutons, d’un maïs donné évoluent peu après le stade laiteux ; elles ont été en moyenne respectivement de 71,5 + 2,2 et de 52,5 + 7,2 g MS/kg P0,75 pour les 20 maïs sur pied que nous avons étudiés entre 1964 et 1971. La dMO a été en moyenne de 72,6 et a varié de 67 à 78 pour les 15 hybrides normaux étudiés par le club digestibilité en 1987 et 1988. Si on excepte les maïs bm, les variations de digestibilité observées entre variétés cultivées la même année dans un lieu donné sont faibles et du même ordre de grandeur que celles observées pour la même variété entre lieux ou années. De part sa teneur élevée en MS, sa teneur en glucides solubles non limitante et surtout son pouvoir tampon faible, le maïs se conserve très bien sous forme d’ensilage à condition d’être haché finement. La dMO de l’ensilage est identique à celle de la plante mise en silo. Il en est pratiquement de même de son ingestibilité chez le mouton, du moins quand l’ensilage est correctement complémenté, notamment en azote. En revanche la quantité ingérée par les bovins augmente avec la teneur en MS jusqu’à ce que celle-ci atteigne 35 % environ. La teneur en MS de l’ensilage de maïs est donc le facteur essentiel de la quantité d’énergie nette ingérée par les bovins. Chez le bovin à l’engrais, il a été bien montré que si le gain de poids vif augmente avec la teneur en MS de l’ensilage de maïs, l’efficacité alimentaire, donc vraisemblablement la valeur énergétique, reste constante. Il semble en être de même chez la vache laitière. A même teneur en MS, les quantités ingérées et les performances des bovins à l’engrais et des vaches laitières, mais aussi l’efficacité alimentaire, donc la valeur énergétique, varient dans le même sens que la digestibilité de l’ensilage. Les performances animales ne sont guère affectées par les dispositifs (grille, rouleaux...) qui permettent de diminuer la présence de grains entiers dans les bouses. En revanche, la valorisation énergétique effective (calculée à partir des performances) des rations à base d’ensilage de maïs dépend de la nature et de l’importance de la complémentation énergétique.
Modifications du cholestérol et des acides gras de l’oeuf : bases physiologiques et nutritionnelles
Authors: HERMIER D.
Published: July 2020

Malgré sa valeur nutritionnelle élevée, l’oeuf de consommation souffre d’une image négative liée en particulier à sa forte teneur en cholestérol (250 mg/jaune), facteur de risque primaire de l’athérosclérose. Le cholestérol est indispensable au développement de l’embryon de poulet, et il est donc très difficile de diminuer la quantité présente dans l’oeuf, que ce soit par des moyens génétiques, nutritionnels ou phamacologiques : la réduction maximale observée ne dépasse pas 30%, ce qui ne suffit pas à faire de l’oeuf un aliment "inoffensif" aux yeux des médecins et des consommateurs. A l’inverse, la majorité des lipides de l’oeuf se compose d’esters d’acides gras, parmi lesquels les acides gras polyinsaturés jouent un rôle structural et métabolique indispensable à nombre de fonctions physiologiques : intégrité des membranes cellulaires (en particulier cérébrales), processus de coagulation et d’inflammation, prévention de l’athérosclérose. Certains de ces acides gras ne peuvent être synthétisés par l’organisme et doivent être fournis par l’alimentation. En intervenant sur le régime des poules, il est très facile d’enrichir leurs oeufs en acides gras polyinsaturés et même de moduler, à la demande, les proportions de ces différents acides gras (n-6/n-3), afin d’en faire un aliment de choix pour certaines catégories de sujets à risque tels que les nouveau-nés, ou les patients hypercholestérolémiques.
Alimentation du porc en croissance : intégration des concepts de protéine idéale, de disponibilité digestive des acides aminés et d’énergie nette
Authors: SEVE B.
Published: July 2020

La valeur énergétique nette d’un aliment est déductible de sa teneur en énergie digestible selon une équation valable pour le porc à tous les stades physiologiques. Elle modifie la hiérarchie des matières premières en abaissant celles riches en protéines ou en fibres et en relevant celles riches en amidon ou en matières grasses. La protéine idéale théorique, de valeur biologique 1, est l’équivalent de l’énergie nette pour la couverture du besoin azoté. L’approche expérimentale de cette protéine par la suppression des excès d’acides aminés, laisse espérer une importante marge de progrès du rendement d’utilisation de l’azote absorbé. Ce rendement mesure une disponibilité métabolique de l’acide aminé limitant peu dépendante des matières premières utilisées. Celles-ci doivent être caractérisées plutôt par la disponibilité digestive de leurs acides aminés mesurable par leur digestibilité iléale. L’additivité des apports par différents constituants du régime nécessite une correction de leur digestibilité apparente pour les pertes endogènes non spécifiques de chacun d’entre eux, et la digestibilité "vraie" ainsi calculée peut être prédite à partir de leurs teneurs en subtances spécifiques. Toutefois, la présence dans l’indigestible "vrai" d’une fraction endogène spécifique pose le problème de sa quantification et de son coût de synthèse. L’apport minimum d’acide aminé limitant digestible (lysine) par unité d’énergie nette est toujours indépendant du niveau d’ingestion d’énergie chez le porc de moins de 55 kg, alors qu’il est plus faible, et augmente avec le niveau de rationnement, chez le mâle castré plus lourd. Les apports minima des autres acides aminés sont déduits de rapports optimaux à la lysine déterminés expérimentalement. Certains déséquilibres par excès relativement à l’équilibre idéal nécessitent une correction (tryptophane/acides aminés neutres) ou un plafonnement des apports (thréonine). Des mécanismes d’épargne d’acides aminés essentiels (thréonine) par des non essentiels pourraient modifier leurs rapports optimaux à l’azote total.
Meta-Analysis: COVID-19 Disease Severity Correlates with Smoking Status
Authors: Lansiaux Edouard , Pébaÿ Pierre-Philippe , Picard Jean-Laurent , Son-Forget Joachim
Published: July 2020

The novel COVID-19 disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS- CoV-2. Multiple studies have already reported that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions. However, a recent physiopathological report and the French COVID-19 scientific council have postulated a protective effect of tobacco smoking. Thanks to a meta-analysis, we have been able to demonstrate the statistical significance in this regard of twelve series from China, France and in the US, reporting three different smoking status (current smoker,former smoker, with a smoking history) as well as disease severity (with respectively odds-ratio of 1.78 [1.08-3.10], 4.60 [3.13-7.17], 2.74 [0.63-5.89]). Subsequently and using a Bayesian approach we have established that past, and present smoking is associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we refute claims linking general population smoking status (N=O(10^8) or O(10^9)) to much smaller disease course series (N=O(10^4)). The latter point in particular is presented to stimulate academic discussion, and must be further investigated by well-designed studies.
Back to School after COVID-19 Lockdown in Brazil
Authors: Abad Alberto , Abad Thaís Marques
Published: July 2020

South America has become the new epicenter of the coronavirus, especially in Brazil where the disease continues to spread exponentially across the country. This text aims to analyze the psychosocial factors of Covid-19 on back to school strategies in Brazil from a bioecological perspective. At the microsystem level, the population is experiencing different levels of stress and fear; at the mesosystem level, changes in routines, separation from family and friends, and closure of schools; and at the macrosystem level, national guidelines to control the pandemic, institutional standards on a national and international scale. Therefore, the main focus for the success of school return must be in the prevention of contagion and with physical and psychological health, and should not only consider the demands of curricula, financial or administrative management. For this reason, it is paramount that greater female representativeness is increased in decision-making levels of the meso and macrosystem, regarding the resumption of school and academic activities in the pandemic period, since the number of female leaders in decision-making, is still insufficient.
Total Metals in University of Lagos Wetlands and Sediments and Their Spatial Distribution
Authors: Sowunmi Kehinde , Titilayo Soyebo , Sowunmi Lukmon
Published: July 2020

Wetlands are carriers of metals and organic pollutants from natural and anthropogenic sources. Studies have shown that sediments are sinks for these pollutants as they carry more than 99% of the total amount of metals which are released as soluble metals into the Lagoon. The University of Lagos, located at Akoka North eastern part of Yaba in Lagos Mainland runs along a highly industrialized and residential area. This paper reports the total metal concentrations in wetland and sediment and their seasonal variations. Wetland and sediment samples were collected for two seasons in 8 sampling sites. Results showed wetland data having lower concentrations of metals as compared to sediments. Wet season had higher concentrations of metals as compared to other season. Total concentrations in wetlands were Cd (1.0-6.0), Cu (1.0-11.0), Cr (0.3-82.7), Zn (2.7-65.0) and Pb (0.3-16.0) all in μg L-1 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the wet and dry seasons for sediments. Cd was the only metal at acceptable levels while Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations all exceeded levels deemed acceptable by the SABS and the EPA. Therefore, the wetland is in poor health.
Discovery of Unusual Cyanobacterial Tryptophan-containing Anabaenopeptins by MS/MS Based Molecular Networking
Authors: Saha Subhasish , Esposito Germana , Urajova Petra , Mareš Jan , Ewe Daniela , Caso Alessia , Macho Marketa , Delawska Katerina , Kust Andreja , Hrouzek Pavel , Juran Josef , Costantino Valeria , Saurav Kumar
Published: July 2020

Heterocytous cyanobacteria are among the most prolific source of bioactive secondary metabolites, including anabaenopeptins (APTs). A terrestrial filamentous Brasilonema sp. CT11 collected in Costa Rica bamboo forest, as black mat was studied using a multidisciplinary approach: genome mining and HPLC-HRMS/MS coupled with bionformatic analyses. Herein, we report the nearly complete genome consisting 8.79 Mbp with a GC content of 42.4%. Moreover, we report on three novel tryptophane-containing APTs; anabaenopeptin 788 (1), anabaenopeptin 802 (2) and anabaenopeptin 816 (3). Further, the structure of two homologues, i.e., anabaenopeptin 802 (2a) and anabaenopeptin 802 (2b) was determined by spectroscopic analysis (NMR and MS). Both compounds were shown to exert weak to moderate antiproliferative activity against HeLa cell lines. This study also provides the unique and diverse potential of biosynthetic gene clusters and an assessment of the predicted chemical space yet to be discovered from this genus.
A Systematic Review on Extreme Phenotype Strategies to Search for Rare Variants in Genetic Studies of Complex Disorders
Authors: Amanat Sana , Requena Teresa , Lopez-Escamez Jose Antonio
Published: July 2020

Exome sequencing has been commonly used in rare diseases by selecting multiplex families or singletons with an extreme phenotype (EP) to search for rare variants in coding regions. The EP strategy covers both extreme ends of a disease spectrum and it has been also used to investigate the contribution of rare variants to heritability in complex clinical traits. We have conducted a systematic review to find evidence supporting the use of EP strategies to search for rare variants in genetic studies of complex diseases, to highlight the contribution of rare variation to the genetic structure of multiallelic conditions. After performing the quality assessment of the retrieved records, we selected 19 genetic studies considering EP to demonstrate genetic association. All the studies successfully identified several rare variants, de novo mutations and many novel candidate genes were also identified by selecting an EP. There is enough evidence to support that the EP approach in patients with an early onset of the disease can contribute to the identification of rare variants in candidate genes or pathways involved in complex diseases. EP patients may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of common heterogeneous disorders such as tinnitus or age-related hearing loss.
Perceived Organizational Support and Career Adaptability as Predictors of Self and Environmental-career Exploration: An Empirical Investigation in China
Authors: Ma Yin , Chen Shih-Chih , Ruangkanjanases Athapol
Published: July 2020

The research aims to examine the extent to which the perceived organizational support (POS) predicted career related self and environmental exploration via the mediation effect of career adaptability. Multi-group comparisons based on the gender, majors and places of origin were also performed to evaluate the differences among these variables. An internet survey was conducted to collect empirical data from 611 Chinese undergraduates. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to demonstrate the proposed relations in the model and multiple group analysis. Clearly supported was the direct relations between POS and career related self and environmental exploration and the mediation effect of career adaptability. The results also showed that gender and major are the moderating variables for the proposed model, and no significance difference among the rural and urban subgroups was found. POS could be effectively delivered to students in general, marginalized social groups, such as females and those majored in the humanities and social sciences in particular. Four dimensions of career adaptability (concern, control, curiosity and confidence) could also be targeted at in order to promote students’ sustainable employment. The findings provide a better understanding of the career construction model by incorporating the contextual factor in a collective cultural environment.
Diversity and life-cycle analysis of Pacific Ocean zooplankton by videomicroscopy and DNA barcoding: Crustacea
Authors: Bryant Peter , Arehart Timothy
Published: July 2020

Crustacea larvae and adults make up a large fraction of the biomass and number of organisms in both holoplankton (organisms that spend their entire lives in the plankton) and meroplankton (organisms that spend their larval stages in the plankton). The life cycles of these animals can be studied by raising individuals and studying them longitudinally in the laboratory, but this method can be very laborious. Here we show that DNA sequencing of a small element in the mitochondrial DNA (DNA barcoding) makes it possible to easily link life-cycle phases without the need for laboratory rearing. It can also be used to construct taxonomic trees, although it is not yet clear to what extent this barcode-based taxonomy reflects more traditional morphological or molecular taxonomy. Collections of zooplankton were made using conventional plankton nets in Newport Bay and the Pacific Ocean near Newport Beach, California, and individual crustacean specimens were documented by videomicroscopy. Adult crustaceans were collected from solid substrates in the same areas. Specimens were preserved in ethanol and sent to the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada for sequencing of the COI DNA barcode. From 1042 specimens, 609 COI sequences were obtained falling into 169 Barcode Identification Numbers (BINs), of which 85 correspond to recognized species. The results show the utility of DNA barcoding for matching life-cycle stages as well as for documenting the diversity of this group of organisms.
Microstructure Analysis and Strength Characterization of Recycled Base and Subbase Materials Using Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Imtiaz Tanvir , Ahmed Asif , Hossain MD Sahadat , Faysal Mohammad
Published: July 2020

The reuse of recycled crushed concrete aggregate (RCCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) can provide a sustainable solution for the disposal of C&D materials instead of sending it to landfill. More importantly, it will save energy and reduce impact on the environment. Several states in USA are using RCCA and RAP as base materials for years, focusing on the quality of the recycled materials. The structure of Recycled Aggregate (RA) is more complex than Natural Aggregate (NA). RAs have old mortar adhered on them that forms a porous surface at interfacial transition Zone (ITZ) and prevents new cement mix from bonding strongly with the aggregates. The objective of this work was to correlate microstructural properties like micro-porosity, inter and intra aggregate pores with the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of RAP and RCCA molds, mixed at different proportions. In this paper, the quantity of micro-pores and their effect on the strength of mixed materials is used as the basis of microstructural analysis of recycled concrete and reclaimed asphalt. Microstructural properties obtained from the analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were correlated with unconfined compressive strength. Intra-aggregate and inter-aggregate pores were studied for different ratios of cement treated mixture of RAP and RCCA. The results show that the number of pores in the mixture increases considerably by adding RAP, which eventually causes reduction in unconfined compressive strength. In addition, significant morphological and textural changes of recycled aggregates were observed by SEM image analysis.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Late Onset Pompe Disease and Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Authors: Goker-Alpan Ozlem , Kasturi Vellore G. , Sohi Maninder K. , Limgala Renuka P. , Austin Stephanie L. , Jennelle Tabitha , Banikazemi Maryam , Kishnani Priya S.
Published: July 2020

There is limited data on pregnancy outcomes in Pompe Disease (PD) resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Late-onset PD is characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness and decline of respiratory function secondary to the involvement of the respiratory muscles. In a cohort of twenty-five females, the effects of both PD on the course of pregnancy and the effects of pregnancy on PD were investigated. Reproductive history, course of pregnancy, use of Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), PD symptoms, and outcomes of each pregnancy were obtained through a questionnaire. Among 20 subjects that reported one or more pregnancies, one subject conceived while on ERT and continued therapy through two normal pregnancies with worsening of weakness during pregnancy and improvement postpartum. While fertility was not affected, pregnancy may worsen symptoms, or cause initial symptoms to arise. Complications with pregnancy or birth were not higher, except for an increase in the rate of stillbirths (3.8% compared to the national average of 0.2-0.7%). Given small sample size and possible bias of respondents being only women who have been pregnant, further data may be needed to better analyze the effects of pregnancy on PD, and the effects of ERT on pregnancy outcomes.
Research of Financial Anxiety on the Example of Insurance Behavior of Russian Citizens in the Context of the Pandemic 2019-nCoV
Authors: Medyanik Olga
Published: July 2020

In the context of economic and political uncertainty associated with the 2019-nCoV pandemic, it is necessary to determine the socio-psychological factors in the transformation of the behavior of insurance consumers under the influence of the biogenic threat. This study is devoted to measuring financial anxiety and its impact on the insurance behavior of Russian citizens. Correlation, comparative and regression analyzes of financial anxiety of Russian citizens cover three stages of observation: before the start of the 2019 nCoV pandemic (“FA up to 19 nCoV; N = 766), during the period of quarantine measures announced in Russia in March 2020 (“ FA 19- nCoV-1 "; N = 856) and after the relaxation of quarantine measures at the end of April 2020 (" FA 19-nCoV-2 "; N = 963). Psychological analysis data were obtained from the online survey "Financial anxiety (in the context of insurance)". The questionnaire is psychometrically reliable and easy to use, including 5 measurement scales: MR1. Physical manifestations of financial incentive anxiety, MR2. With money shortages and financial uncertainty, MR3. The value of insurance coverage, MP4. Financial Confidence, MR5. Perception of insurance and investment risks. Russian citizens considered it important to have insurance coverage on a “rainy day” and showed confidence in the insurance market during the biogenic crisis. But, unfortunately, Russian citizens during the 19-nCoV-1 and 19-nCoV-2 periods did not feel financially secure in the future, unlike the period before 19-nCoV. ”Women showed high scores for physical manifestations of financial anxiety and low financial confidence in the future, in contrast to men, regardless of the observation period.
Feasibility of Zero Energy Multi-Family Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Developments
Authors: Jeddi Yeganeh Armin , Agee Philip R. , Gao Xinghua , McCoy Andrew P.
Published: July 2020

The residential sector in the United States is in need of comprehensive policy-making reforms that concurrently address housing affordability and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the feasibility of state-wide zero-energy affordable housing by analyzing historical data on climate, energy use, and solar system costs in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The hypothesis examined is that the net present cost of implementation of rooftop residential solar systems to achieve zero-energy Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) buildings is lower than the discounted present cost of energy of otherwise identical conventional buildings that run without renewable energy generation systems. The authors propose a generalizable framework for analyzing the feasibility of achieving region- or state-wide zero-energy LIHTC developments. To validate the framework, the authors employ a longitudinal sample of monthly energy use data from 2013-2016 obtained from 310 residential units of 15 LIHTC developments across the state. Based on statistical regression analysis, energy simulation, and simulation-based risk analysis, the authors find that the net present value of zero-energy LIHTC investments can be positive with a low risk. The investment value varies often depending on the zero-energy building definition, weather characteristics, retail price of electricity, and incentive rate. This study can help housing policymakers and industry professionals analyze and benchmark the feasibility of innovative zero-energy housing policies and projects.
CausalBuilder: Bringing the MI2CAST Causal Interaction Annotation Standard to the Curator
Authors: Touré Vasundra , Zobolas John , Kuiper Martin , Vercruysse Steven
Published: July 2020

Molecular causal interactions are defined as regulatory connections between biological components. They are commonly retrieved from biological experiments, and can be used for connecting biological molecules into regulatory computational models that represent biological systems. However, including a molecular causal interaction into a model requires assessing its relevance to that model, based on detailed knowledge about the biomolecules, interaction type, and biological context. In order to standardize the representation of this knowledge in ‘causal statements’, we recently developed the MI2CAST guidelines. Here we introduce causalBuilder: an intuitive web-based curation interface for the annotation of molecular causal interactions that comply with the MI2CAST standard. The causalBuilder prototype essentially embeds the MI2CAST curation guidelines in its interface, and makes its rules easy to follow by a curator. In addition, causalBuilder serves as an original application of the VSM general-purpose curation technology, and provides both curators and tool developers with an interface that can be fully configured to allow focusing on selected MI2CAST concepts to annotate. After information is entered, the causalBuilder prototype produces genuine causal statements that can be exported in different formats.
Super Twisting Algorithm Direct Power Control of DFIG Using Space Vector Modulation
Authors: Mazouz Farida , Belkacem Sebti
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the super-twisting algorithm (STA) direct power control (DPC) scheme for the control of active and reactive powers of grid-connected DFIG. Simulations of 5 KW DFIG has been presented to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in the presence of uncertainties with respect to vector control (VC). The proposed controller schemes with fixed gains are effective in reducing the ripple of active and reactive powers, effectively suppress sliding-mode chattering and the effects of parametric uncertainties not affecting system performance.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome: Morphological Variations in the Capillary Bed
Authors: Scardina Giuseppe Alessandro , Casella Sofia , Bilello Giuseppa , Messina Pietro
Published: July 2020

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic condition that manifests itself primarily with the onset of burning sensation. The aim of the research was to perform Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBM) using a diode laser on the oral mucosa of BMS patients, followed by an objective evaluation of the morphological changes in the vascular bed underlying the mucosa using polarized light videocapillaroscopy. A group of 40 patients were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (using simple randomization): 20 patients were assigned to the laser group and 20 patients were assigned to the placebo group. Each patient of the laser group received 8 irradiations (with 4 Watt of power, wavelength 800nm, energy 1200 Joules, irradiation time for 300 seconds of time, energy density 50J/cm2 , 60 mW continuous wave laser, irradiance 180mW/cm2 ), twice a week, blinded to the type of irradiation administered, for four consecutive weeks. The patients in the placebo group underwent the same sessions as the others, the only difference being the non-emission of the laser. An initial check of the vascular bed was performed with a polarized light videocapillaroscope. This was followed by treatment with a therapeutic diode laser and a subsequent check with a videocapillaroscope. It was possible to observe that in the group of patients that underwent laser therapy, there was a lasting improvement in symptoms. The capillary oral bed in the placebo groups did not show any statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In the laser group we observed: in the buccal mucosa the diameter of the capillary had a reduction of 3μm; in the upper lip mucosa a reduction of 3μm; in the lower lip mucosa, there was a reduction of 3μm; in the dorsal lingual surface, there was a reduction of 2 μm. An increase in capillary length was also obtained in all irradiated regions in the laser group patients (P < 0.05). PBM induces microcirculatory changes that are still present at a distance of time, such as an improvement in the clinical picture. The improvement in the symptoms has been correlated to the reduction of the capillary diameter. Placebo effect only leads to a temporary improvement in symptoms that are unrelated to changes in the microcirculatory pattern.
Regionally Divergent Patterns in Factors Affecting Municipal Waste Production: The Polish Perspective
Authors: Antczak Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

This article attempts to identify factors impacting on the quantity of municipal waste in Polish 2478 communes (LAU-2), taking into account the variability of particular determinants influence depending on their regional diversification. The analysis covers the years 2005-2018. The dependent variable is the volume of municipal waste in kg per capita, whereas the group of determinants include: economic and human development, uncontrolled dumping sites, population density, population at the working age, migration, tourism, urbanization, dwellings and housing, retail sales, entities, education and investments in waste management; The geographically weighted regression with spatial error term (GWR-SEM) was employed in this study. The model enabled not only the specification of the waste production determinants, but also the analysis of the variability in the strength and direction of dependencies occurring between the examined variables in individual communes. The results proved that the higher the level of education the less waste is generated (in the north-central Poland); the business entities and working-age population are crucial for the waste quantity in communes of eastern Poland; the factors most considerably as to regional range affecting the waste quantity are urban and business development; as to strength–higher education and the share of working age individuals;
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Reviews, Applications, and Current Status
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: July 2020

Currently, the COVID‐19 has directly affected the millions of humans lives. The symptoms of the disease involving fever, malaise, chest infection, and breathing difficulties, were identified, and its existence is continuously becoming restructured. The World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned the wide diagnostics test besides COVID-19 that would also assist medical facilities to recognize infectious diseases as well as currently focusing efficiently on preventing and afterward defeating this viral disease. The infection is usually transmitted among human beings in direct contact, greatest through the liquid bubbles generated through cough, sneeze, or speaking. This paper reviews the COVID 19 pandemic, its history, current updates, contact tracing applications, and use of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain for stopping the spreading and provide service online to the patient from a distance.
Alkaline-Based Catalysts for Glycerol Polymerization Reaction: A Review
Authors: Ebadipour Negisa , Paul Sébastien , Katryniok Benjamin , Dumeignil Franck
Published: July 2020

Polyglycerols (PGs) are biocompatible and highly functional polyols with a wide range of applications, such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, in many industries including cosmetics, food, plastic and biomedical. The demand increase for biobased PGs encourages researchers to develop new catalytic systems for glycerol polymerization. This review focuses on alkaline homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The performances of the alkaline catalysts are compared in terms of conversion and selectivity, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are commented. While homogeneous catalysts exhibit a high catalytic activity, they cannot be recycled and reused, whereas solid catalysts can be partially recycled. The key issue for heterogenous catalytic systems, which is unsolved so far, is linked to their instability due to partial dissolution in the reaction medium. Further, this paper also reviews the proposed mechanisms of glycerol polymerization over alkaline-based catalysts and discuss the various operating conditions with an impact on the performances. More particularly, temperature and amount of catalyst proved to have a significant influence on glycerol conversion and on its polymerization extent.
Low Vacuum Filtration Method as an Alternative Extracellular Vesicle Concentration Method: Comparison with Ultracentrifugation and Differential Centrifugation
Authors: Drożdż Anna , Kamińska Agnieszka , Surman Magdalena , Gonet-Surówka Agnieszka , Jach Robert , Huras Hubert , Przybyło Małgorzata , Stępień Ewa Łucja
Published: July 2020

Recent years brought great focus in the field of development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based drug-delivery systems. Considering possible applications of EVs as a drug carriers the isolation process is a crucial step. To solve problems related with EV isolation, we created and validated a new EVs isolation method – Low Vacuum Filtration (LVF) and compared it with two commonly applied procedures - differential centrifugation (DC) and ultracentrifugation (UC). EVs isolated from endothelial cells culture media have been characterized by a) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) b) nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), c) western blot and d) Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, the membrane surface have been imaged with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). We showed that LVF is reproducible and efficient method for EVs isolation form conditioned media. Additionally, we observed correlation between ATR-FTIR spectra quality and the EVs and proteins concentration. ESEM imaging confirmed that actual pore diameter are close to the values calculated theoretically. LVF method is an easy, fast and inexpensive EVs isolation method which allows for isolation of both ectosomes and exosomes from high volume sources with good repeatability. We think that it could be an efficient alternative for commonly applied methods.