bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microflora Danica: the atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes
Authors: Singleton CM , Jensen TBN , Delogu F , Sørensen EA , Jørgensen VR , Karst SM , Yang Y , Knudsen KS , Sereika M , Petriglieri F , Knutsson S , Dall SM , Kirkegaard RH , Kristensen JM , Woodcroft BJ , Speth DR , Aroney STN ,   The Microflora Danica Consortium, Wagner M , Dueholm MKD , Nielsen PH , Albertsen M
Published: June 2024

The last 20 years have witnessed unprecedented advances in revealing the microbiomes underpinning important processes in natural and human associated environments. Recent large-scale metagenome surveys record the variety of microbial life in the oceans1, wastewater2, human gut3,4, and earth5,6, with compilations encompassing thousands of public datasets7–13. So far, large-scale microbiome studies either miss functional information or consistency in sample processing, and although they may cover thousands of locations, these are missing resolution, sparsely located, or lacking metadata. Here, we present Microflora Danica, an atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes, encompassing 10,686 shotgun metagenomes and 449 full-length 16S and 18S rRNA datasets linked to a detailed 5 level habitat classification scheme. We determine that while human-disturbed habitats have high alpha diversity, the same species reoccur, revealing hidden homogeneity and underlining the importance of natural systems for total species (gamma) diversity. In-depth studies of nitrifiers, a functional group closely linked to climate change, challenge existing perceptions regarding habitat preference and discover several novel nitrifiers as more abundant than canonical nitrifiers. Together, the Microflora Danica dataset provides an unprecedented resource and the foundation for answering fundamental questions underlying microbial ecology: what drives microbial diversity, distribution and function.
Spatially resolving how phosphorylation affects ß-cardiac myosin activity in porcine myofibril sarcomeres with single molecule resolution
Authors: Pilagov Matvey , Steczina Sonette , Naim Ateeqa , Regnier Michael , Geeves Michael A. , Kad Neil M.
Published: June 2024

Cardiac muscle contraction is mediated by myosin binding from the thick filament of the sarcomere to the thin filament in an ATP powered reaction. This process is highly regulated on a beat-to-beat basis by calcium interactions with the thin filament. Additionally, the number of heads available for participation in contraction is also regulated, resulting in a dynamically variable reserve of heads for controlling contractile force. We aimed to discover the size of this reserve and how it is modulated by phosphorylation. Using single molecule imaging of fluorescently labelled ATP molecules binding and releasing myosins within porcine cardiac sarcomeres, we could determine myosin activity with high spatial resolution. We find three kinetic species when examining the myosin ATPase. The fastest is consistent with non-specific ATP binding to myosin’s surface, and the slower two species are consistent with the previously identified DRX and SRX states. The former is thought to represent myosins in an ON state, ready to interact with the thin filament and the latter an OFF state with slowed ATPase that constitutes the cardiac reserve. We find that the cardiac reserve is 50% in the sarcomere and this can be sub-divided into the P-, C- and D-zones, with the D-zone having the least population of OFF heads (44%). Treatment with PKA phosphorylates cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) leading to a 16% reduction in reserve in the C-zone (where cMyBP-C is found), a 10% reduction in the P-zone, and an unexpected 8% increase in the D-zone. By contrast, myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) resulted in a large 24% decrease in reserve myosins, interestingly the least affected area of the sarcomere was the C-zone. Altogether these data suggest that cMyBP-C’s interaction with RLC governs the degree of activation due to RLC phosphorylation.
Molecular evolution of the mammalian kinetochore complex
Authors: Arora Uma P. , Dumont Beth L.
Published: June 2024

Mammalian centromeres are satellite-rich chromatin domains that serve as sites for kinetochore complex assembly. Centromeres are highly variable in sequence and satellite organization across species, but the processes that govern the co-evolutionary dynamics between rapidly evolving centromeres and their associated kinetochore proteins remain poorly understood. Here, we pursue a course of phylogenetic analyses to investigate the molecular evolution of the complete kinetochore complex across primate and rodent species with divergent centromere repeat sequences and features. We show that many protein components of the core centromere associated network (CCAN) harbor signals of adaptive evolution, consistent with their intimate association with centromere satellite DNA and roles in the stability and recruitment of additional kinetochore proteins. Surprisingly, CCAN and outer kinetochore proteins exhibit comparable rates of adaptive divergence, suggesting that changes in centromere DNA can ripple across the kinetochore to drive adaptive protein evolution within distant domains of the complex. Our work further identifies kinetochore proteins subject to lineage-specific adaptive evolution, including rapidly evolving proteins in species with centromere satellites characterized by higher-order repeat structure and lacking CENP-B boxes. Thus, features of centromeric chromatin beyond the linear DNA sequence may drive selection on kinetochore proteins. Overall, our work spotlights adaptively evolving proteins with diverse centromere-associated functions, including centromere chromatin structure, kinetochore protein assembly, kinetochore-microtubule association, cohesion maintenance, and DNA damage response pathways. These adaptively evolving kinetochore protein candidates present compelling opportunities for future functional investigations exploring how their concerted changes with centromere DNA ensure the maintenance of genome stability.
Estimating the potential impact of surveillance test-and-treat posts to reduce malaria in border regions in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study
Authors: Topazian Hillary M. , Charles Giovanni D. , Schmit Nora , Pianella Matteo , Marshall John M. , Kleinschmidt Immo , Hauck Katharina , Ghani Azra C.
Published: June 2024

The last malaria cases in near-elimination settings are often found in international border regions due to the presence of hard-to-reach populations, conflict, uneven intervention coverage, and human migration. Test-and-treat border posts are an under-researched form of active case detection used to interrupt transmission chains between countries. We used an individual-based, mathematical metapopulation model ofP. falciparumto estimate the effectiveness of border posts on total cases in malaria-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. We estimated that implementation of international border posts across 401 sub-national administrative units would avert a median of 7,173 (IQR: 1,075 to 23,550) cases per unit over a 10-year period and reducePfPR2-10by a median of 0.21% (IQR: 0.04% to 0.44%). Border posts were most effective in low-transmission settings with high-transmission neighbors. Border posts alone will not allow a country to reach elimination, particularly when considering feasibility and acceptability, but could contribute to broader control packages to targeted populations.
Multi-omic associations of epigenetic age acceleration are heterogeneously shaped by genetic and environmental influences
Authors: Drouard Gabin , Suhonen Sannimari , Heikkinen Aino , Wang Zhiyang , Kaprio Jaakko , Ollikainen Miina
Published: June 2024

Connections between the multi-ome and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), and especially whether these are influenced by genetic or environmental factors, remain underexplored. We therefore quantified associations between the multi-ome comprising four layers – the proteome, metabolome, external exposome, and lifestyle – with six different EAA estimates. Two twin cohorts were used in a discovery-replication scheme, comprising respectively young (N=642; mean age= 22.3) and older (N=354; mean age=62.3) twins. Within-pair twin designs were used to assess genetic and environmental effects on associations. We identified 40 multi-omic factors, of which 28 were proteins, associated with EAA in the young twins while adjusting for sex, smoking, and body mass index. Within-pair analyses showed that genetic confounding heterogeneously affected these associations, with six multi-omic factors remaining significantly associated with EAA independent of genetic effects. Replication in older twins showed that some of these associations persist across adult generations.
An assessment of the Health Information System in Khomas region, Namibia
Authors: Jatileni N J V , Nicol E
Published: June 2024

Introduction

A robust and well-functioning Health Information System (HIS) is crucial for managing patient care, monitoring health system performance, and informing public health decisions. However, Namibia, like many developing countries, faces challenges in its HIS, such as limited financial and human resources, knowledge gaps, inadequate infrastructure, and behavioural barriers such as resistance to adopting new systems and a lack of supportive policies. Previous studies have not shown significant improvements since 2012. This study in Namibia’s Khomas region aims to assess human factors affecting the HIS and evaluate progress made from 2012 to 2023. It will use recommendations from a 2012 assessment by USAID to provide insights and propose ways to enhance healthcare delivery and resource allocation.

Methods and analysis

This study utilizes a cross-sectional design employing a multi-method approach to evaluate the performance of the Health Information System (HIS). Qualitative methods include conducting 17 in-depth interviews with key informants, a retrospective document review from the Ministry of Health and Social Services headquarters in Windhoek, supplemented by a modified office/facility checklist from all 14 health facilities in the Khomas region. The quantitative methods involve administering a questionnaire to 330 staff members, utilizing an adapted version of the Performance of Routine Information System Management (PRISM)’s Organizational and Behavioural Assessment Tool (OBAT). Descriptive statistics will be applied to analyse the quantitative data, while a deductive interpretive approach will be used for qualitative data analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee (Reference No: S23/05/119), the Namibia ministry of Health and Social Services (Reference No: 22/3/2/1) and will adhere to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964). The study aims to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing recommendations across different levels of the Health Information System (HIS), with a focus on improving the HIS in the Khomas region. Outputs will include communicating the findings to the study population, presenting at both local and international conferences, and publishing peer-reviewed journal articles.
Evaluating adults’ dental caries burden through the DMFT index: results from the Tanzanian 5thnational oral health survey
Authors: Nyamuryekung’e Kasusu , Mbawalla Hawa , Mlangwa Matilda
Published: June 2024

Aim

Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, affecting adults and children across all regions. The DMFT index, representing the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, serves as a fundamental metric in oral epidemiology, providing an objective quantification of dental caries prevalence and severity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the dental caries burden of the adult Tanzanian population through the DMFT index.

Methods

A national pathfinder survey was conducted in mainland Tanzania using a cross-sectional design. The survey encompassed fourteen districts across thirteen regions. Site selection followed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) basic oral health survey methods, utilizing a modified stratified-cluster sampling approach. Electronic questionnaires were administered to all adult participants prior to their dental examinations. The questionnaires collected data on participants’ sociodemographic information, tooth brushing practices, and dentition status. Dental examinations were conducted in accordance with WHO standard criteria. Data cleaning and analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. Frequencies were calculated to determine the proportions of participants’ mean and separate DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) components. Bivariate associations were examined using Student’s t-test and ANOVA to compare participants’ DMFT components with their sociodemographic characteristics and oral health practices.

Results

The study surveyed a total of 1,386 participants aged 30-34, 35-44 and 50+ comprising 713 females (51.4%) with most participants (49.1%) aged 50 years or older. The mean DMFT in the studied population was 4.63 (SD 5.4) with a dental caries experience of 76.6%. The Missing teeth component constituted the largest portion of the mean DMFT (52.4%), followed closely by the Decayed teeth component (45.8%). Tooth fillings were found in just 3.5% of those with dental caries experience. The mean DMFT score was significantly higher among females (5.31 ± 5.79), those aged 50 or more (5.93 ± 6.26) and with lowest level of education (5.78 ± 6.68). Brushing less than once daily (p<0.001), not using toothpaste (p<0.001) and not using a toothbrush daily (p<0.05) were all associated with increased DMFT scores.

Conclusion

Dental caries is a significant public health issue in Tanzania. The predominance of missing and decayed teeth highlights the critical gaps in treatment and dental care service accessibility. There is a pressing need for increased public health investment in preventive and restorative dental care and enhanced community education on the importance of maintaining dental health.
Effectiveness of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention in adolescents: study protocol of thePRO-HIITcluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yong , Barker Alan R. , Adlam Anna-Lynne R. , Li Minghui , Duncombe Stephanie L. , Agbaje Andrew O. , Gu Yaodong , Zhou Huiyu , Williams Craig A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective strategy for improving a variety of health and fitness outcomes within the school settings. Incorporating HIIT into existing physical activity opportunities appears practically feasible, yet the process evaluation and effectiveness of this strategy needs to be further evaluated. Therefore, aPRO-HIITintervention will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week school-based HIIT intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, body composition, muscular strength, bone health, cognitive function, wellbeing and academic performance among 12-13-year-olds.

Methods and analysis

Eight classes of year 7 students (12-13-year-olds) from a secondary school in Ningbo, China, will be recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention or control group. While the control group maintains their usual activities, a 6 to 10-minute HIIT session will be embedded in the physical education or physical activity lessons five days a week for 12 weeks for the intervention group. Training workshops will be conducted for participants, teachers, and research staff for facilitating the intervention. Outcome data will be collected at three time points: pre- and post-intervention, and two months (summer holiday) upon completion of the intervention. Linear mixed models will be used to analyse the impact of groups (intervention and control), timepoints (pre-, post- and two-month after intervention) and group by time interactions. The implementation process of the intervention will be evaluated with the guidance of MRC process evaluation framework.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is obtained from the Ningbo University Ethics Committee (TY2024002) and the Public Health and Sport Sciences ethics committee, University of Exeter (5713479). Results fromPRO-HIIT study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences as well as local education system. The study protocol has been retrospectively registered onClinicalTrials.govProtocol Registration and Results System (NCT06374732),https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06374732.
Human cancer genomes harbor the mutational signature of tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK
Authors: Korenjak Michael , Temiz N. Alpay , Keita Stéphane , Chavanel Bérénice , Renard Claire , Sirand Cécilia , Cahais Vincent , Mayel Tanguy , Vevang Karin R. , Jacobs Foster C. , Guo Jiehong , Smith William E. , Oram Marissa K. , Tăbăran Flaviu A. , Ahlat Ozan , Cornax Ingrid , O’Sullivan M. Gerard , Das Samrat , Nandi Shuvro P. , Cheng Yuhe , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Balbo Silvia , Hecht Stephen S , Senkin Sergey , Virard Francois , Peterson Lisa A. , Zavadil Jiri
Published: June 2024

Tobacco usage is linked to multiple cancer types and accounts for a quarter of all cancer-related deaths. Tobacco smoke contains various carcinogenic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), though the mutagenic potential of many tobacco-related chemicals remains largely unexplored. In particular, the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines NNN and NNK form pre-mutagenic pyridyloxobutyl (POB) DNA adducts. In the study presented here, we identified genome-scale POB-induced mutational signatures in cell lines and rat tumors, while also investigating their role in human cancer. These signatures are characterized by T>N and C>T mutations forming from specific POB adducts damaging dT and dC residues. Analysis of 2,780 cancer genomes uncovered POB signatures in ∼180 tumors; from cancer types distinct from the ones linked to smoking-related signatures SBS4 and SBS92. This suggests that, unlike PAH compounds, the POB pathway may contribute uniquely to the mutational landscapes of certain hematological malignancies and cancers of the kidney, breast, prostate and pancreas.
Intrinsic noise of the single-electron box
Authors: Cochrane Laurence , Seshia Ashwin A. , Gonzalez-Zalba M. Fernando
Published: June 2024

The radio-frequency (rf) single-electron box is becoming an attractive charge sensor for semiconductor-based quantum computing devices due to its high sensitivity and small footprint, which facilitate the design of highly connected qubit architectures. However, an understanding of its ultimate sensitivity is missing due to the lack of a noise model. Here, we quantify the intrinsic noise of the single-electron box arising from stochastic cyclic electron tunneling between a quantum dot and a reservoir driven by a periodic gate voltage. We use both a master-equation formalism and Markov Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the gate-noise current and find that the noise mechanism can be represented as a cyclostationary process. We consider the implications of this cyclostationary noise on the ultimate sensitivity of single-electron box sensors for fast high-fidelity readout of spin qubits, in particular evaluating results for rf reflectometry implementations and the back action of the sensor on a qubit. Furthermore, we determine the conditions under which the intrinsic noise limit could be measured experimentally and techniques by which the noise can be suppressed to enhance qubit-readout fidelity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Two chromium(II) acetate complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coligands
Authors: Heiser Christian , Merzweiler Kurt
Published: June 2024

Tetrakis(μ-acetato-κ2
O:O′)bis{[1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene-κC
2]chromium(II)} tetrahydrofuran disolvate, [Cr2(C2H3O2)4(C27H36N4)2]·2C4H8O or [Cr2(OAc)4(IDipp)2]·2C4H8O (1), and tetrakis(μ-acetato-κ2
O:O′)bis{[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene-κC
2]chromium(II)}, {Cr2(C2H3O2)4(C21H24N2)2] or [Cr2(OAc)4(IMes)2] (2), were synthesized from anhydrous chromium(II) acetate [Cr2(OAc)4] and the corresponding NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) in toluene as solvent. Both complexes crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P\overline{1}. The molecular structures consist of Cr2(OAc)4 paddle-wheels that carry two terminal NHC ligands. This leads to a square-pyramidal coordination of the chromium atoms.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photophysical properties of a dinuclear MnII complex with 6-(diethylamino)-4-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline
Authors: Le Thi Hong Hai , Hoang Tuan Duong , Nguyen Duc Anh , Nguyen Hien , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: June 2024

A new quinoline derivative, namely, 6-(diethylamino)-4-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline, C24H23N3 (QP), and its MnII complex aqua-1κO-di-μ-chlorido-1:2κ4
Cl:Cl-dichlorido-1κCl,2κCl-bis[6-(diethylamino)-4-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline]-1κ2
N
1,N
2;2κ2
N
1,N
2-dimanganese(II), [Mn2Cl4(C24H23N3)2(H2O)] (MnQP), were synthesized. Their compositions have been determined with ESI-MS, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal-structure determination of MnQP revealed a dinuclear complex with a central four-membered Mn2Cl2 ring. Both MnII atoms bind to an additional Cl atom and to two N atoms of the QP ligand. One MnII atom expands its coordination sphere with an extra water molecule, resulting in a distorted octahedral shape. The second MnII atom shows a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal shape. The UV–vis absorption and emission spectra of the examined compounds were studied. Furthermore, when investigating the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, it was found that the fluorescent color changes from blue to green and eventually becomes yellow as the fraction of water in the THF/water mixture increases from 0% to 99%. In particular, these color and intensity changes are most pronounced at a water fraction of 60%. The crystal structure contains disordered solvent molecules, which could not be modeled. The SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] was used to obtain information on the type and quantity of solvent molecules, which resulted in 44 electrons in a void volume of 274 Å3, corresponding to approximately 1.7 molecules of ethanol in the unit cell. These ethanol molecules are not considered in the given chemical formula and other crystal data.
A monoclinic polymorph of chlorothiazide
Authors: Brydson Rowan K. H. , Kennedy Alan R.
Published: June 2024

A new polymorph of the diuretic chlorothiazide, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiazine-7-sulfonamide, C7H6ClN3O4S2, is described. Crystallized from basic aqueous solution, this monoclinic polymorph is found to be less thermodynamically favoured than the known triclinic polymorph and to feature only N—H...O type intermolecular hydrogen bonds as opposed to the N—H...O and N—H...N type hydrogen bonds found in the P1 form.
Process supply chain integration: construct development and model testing
Authors: Robinson Jessica , Ralston Peter
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This research offers clarity regarding process supply chain integration through two deliverables: (1) developing six constructs (both integrative mechanisms and integrative practices for internal, customer, and supplier integration); and (2) empirically testing a theoretically grounded supply chain process model using three distinct datasets (internal, customer, and supplier integration).

Design/methodology/approach

The construct development procedure involved a continuous improvement cycle for identifying 1,450 items previously used to measure internal, customer, and/or supplier integration constructs; classifying the items into one of six categories; and refining the instruments based on pilot data and peer feedback. Three surveys (targeted key informants based on their specialized knowledge on internal, customer, or supplier integration) were disseminated for evaluating the measurement instruments and testing the theoretically grounded supply chain management process models, by performing the Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) analysis technique.

Findings

The findings revealed consistencies across all three dimensions of supply chain integration where integrative mechanisms and integrative practices are distinct constructs; integrative mechanisms make it possible for integrative practices and supply chain orientation to occur in a supply chain company; and integrative practices and supply chain orientation improve business performance.

Originality/value

Our study contributes to answering how process-oriented supply chain management occurs, responding to calls for research in the supply chain management discipline and advancing theory development around supply chain integration. The theoretical and managerial contributions of developing six constructs and testing three supply chain management process models relate to identifying the specific aspects of supply chain integration that improves business performance. The three tested models also reveal both direct and mediating effects of integrative practices and supply chain orientation, which contributes to the practical understanding of effective supply chain management implementation.
Broad and alien is the field: dependence and heterogeneity in management research practices in Latin America
Authors: Manky Omar , López Nattaly
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the ways in which management scholars affiliated with Peruvian universities navigate the tensions between global expectations and local realities in their research practices, drawing on their capitals and habitus.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, the authors analyse 25 in-depth interviews and a unique database of academic publications in the business and management field from 2000 to 2022. The analysis identifies the positions scholars occupy within the Peruvian management field and examines the factors influencing their research practices.

Findings

The authors find that the Peruvian management field is complex and unequal, where actors have different positions and interests, but are all influenced by a logic of academic dependency on the Global North. The authors identify three main positions held by scholars: transnational dominators, who accumulate greater resources and ignore local debates; dominated adaptors, who unsuccessfully try to imitate the dominant logic; and isolated innovators, who critique the dominant model but lack institutional support to develop alternatives.

Originality/value

This research presents an analysis of the Peruvian management field, a site often overlooked in international business studies. By examining scholarly practices, the authors reveal how academic inequalities are reproduced by the forces of globalization. The study underscores the urgent need for greater acknowledgement of regionally informed research, advocating for a more inclusive and diverse understanding in the field of management research.
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving technical and managerial cybersecurity tasks’ efficiency
Authors: Gafni Ruti , Levy Yair
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in the worldwide shortage of cybersecurity workers in technical and managerial roles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of AI in automating many of the routine tasks associated with cybersecurity. As such, AI enables cybersecurity personnel to reduce their workloads and focus on more strategic aspects of their work.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is an exploratory field study. The authors started by conducting a literature review to assess the possibility that AI tools can provide and how they can improve cybersecurity efficacy. Following this, the authors identified the specific core tasks for two cybersecurity work roles (technical and managerial) and searched for specific commercial tools that can perform each of the tasks. Then, the authors used the free ChatGPT 3.5 to list the current cybersecurity systems that use AI for the associated tasks, which the authors then reviewed with the tools’ documentation and websites to confirm these tasks were conducted or assisted by AI.

Findings

Results indicated that all 14 cybersecurity tasks of the technical work role are currently noted to be performed by commercial cybersecurity systems with AI-integrated capabilities, while only 11 of the 17 managerial work role tasks currently appear to be performed by AI.

Practical implications

The rapid integration of AI capabilities into commercial cybersecurity systems may suggest that the cybersecurity workforce must be currently trained on how to use AI tools in their daily operations, especially as it pertains to technical cybersecurity work roles.

Social implications

The cybersecurity workforce shortage is reported to exceed four million cybersecurity workers worldwide in 2023. Thus, further understanding of the role of AI in improving the efficiency of technical and managerial cybersecurity tasks is significant.

Originality/value

The value of this research lies in the initial assessment of the current AI capabilities of commercial cybersecurity systems, which will ultimately provide the “super-human” performances resulting from human-AI teaming.
Can AI robots foster social inclusion? Exploring the role of immersive augmentation in hospitality
Authors: Gonzalez-Jimenez Hector , Costa Pinto Diego
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Grounded on the X Reality framework and human–machine collaboration, this study aims to explore the potential of immersive augmentation through artificial intelligence (AI) service robots for promoting social inclusion in the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experimental studies across diverse hospitality contexts examine the effects of immersive augmentation using inclusive-AI service robots compared to standard-AI robots. The studies also uncover the underlying process of perceived ethicality and the moderating role of customers’ familiarity with AI.

Findings

The results indicate that immersive augmentation through inclusive-AI service robots generates higher levels of supportive tipping behavior (Studies 1 and 3), superior buying intentions (Study 2) and an increased likelihood for customers to pay a premium price (Study 2). These effects are mediated by perceived ethicality (Studies 1–3). However, the impact of immersive augmentation for social inclusion is contingent upon customers’ familiarity with AI: customers with high familiarity with AI exhibit lower levels of supportive tipping behavior (Study 3).

Research limitations/implications

The findings emphasize the importance of perceived ethicality and customers’ familiarity with AI in determining the effectiveness of immersive augmentation for social inclusion in hospitality.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the potential of immersive augmentation using AI service robots for social inclusion in hospitality. It offers novel insights by highlighting the importance of perceived ethicality and customers’ familiarity with AI. The findings provide valuable guidance for hospitality managers seeking to leverage AI technology to foster social inclusion.
Managerial sentiment, life cycle and corporate investment: a large language model approach
Authors: Rana Anamika , Sahu Asis Kumar , Debata Byomakesh
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates the relationship between managerial sentiment and corporate investment in emerging capital markets. Further, we begin with the assertion that the positive impact of managerial sentiment on corporate investment varies according to the corporate life cycle. Lastly, we investigate whether the relationship between managerial sentiment and corporate investment can be moderated by factors like (1) economic policy uncertainty/geo-political risk, (2) size of the firm, (3) financial constraint, (4) industrial competition, and (5) Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) rating.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has considered Indian listed companies (465 firms) for the period spanning from 2003–2004 to 2022–2023. This study constructs the managerial sentiment using a novel large language model-financial bidirectional encoder representation from the Transformers (FinBERT), as well as on management discussion and analysis reports. Then, we employ fixed effect regression to investigate the relationship between managerial sentiment and corporate investment. Additionally, we use propensity score matching, two-stage least squares instrumental variables, and a two-step system generalized method of moments approach for robustness tests.

Findings

The findings show a positive and significant relationship between managerial sentiment and corporate investment. Additionally, our results demonstrate that this relationship is evident only during the growth and maturity phase of the corporate life cycle. Moreover, uncertainty pertaining to the economy and geopolitical issues, firm size, financial health, industry dynamics, and ESG disclosure also play a crucial role in shaping the investment-sentiment relationship.

Originality/value

The study is unique because it determines the relationship between managerial sentiment and corporate investment by using the novel FinBERT model. In addition, we have introduced a corporate life cycle, which is an essential aspect of our study. Additionally, this research was conducted in an emerging market with more information asymmetry and weaker disclosure rules. Thus, other emerging markets can benchmark the outcomes.
Teaching and testing in the era of text-generative AI: exploring the needs of students and teachers
Authors: Jochim Julia , Lenz-Kesekamp Vera Kristina
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Large language models such as ChatGPT are a challenge to academic principles, calling into question well-established practices, teaching and exam formats. This study aims to explore the adaptation process regarding text-generative artificial intelligence (AI) of students and teachers in higher education and to identify needs for change.

Design/methodology/approach

The issue is explored in a mixed-methods approach based on Domestication Theory (Silverstone et al., 1992; Silverstone, 1994), incorporating views of both teaching staff and students. Both statistical and content analyses were carried out.

Findings

The results show that both students and teachers are conflicted about generative AI and its usage. Trepidation and fear stand against a general feeling that AI is an integral part of the future and needs to be embraced. Both groups show marked needs for training and rules and offer a variety of ideas for new exam formats.

Originality/value

This study provides a unique insight by exploring the attitudes and usage intentions regarding generative AI of two stakeholder groups: students and teachers. Its results can be of significant use to institutions deciding on their strategy regarding AI. It illustrates attitudes and usage intentions as well as needs of both groups. In addition, ideas for new assessment and teaching formats were generated.
Co-designing with library stakeholders: building a national virtual library
Authors: Lee Chae Yeon , Lee Kung Jin
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper states the application of co-design methods in building a national virtual library in a metaverse environment with an interest in digital transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study of a national digital library and data obtained through a co-design approach is applied.

Findings

The study findings demonstrate the usage of the co-design approach in incorporating the different stances of the library stakeholders and discuss the potential services that can be transferred to a digital infrastructure.

Originality/value

This study contributes by sharing methodological insights on applying co-design methods to build a national virtual library with different library stakeholders. The study also shares empirical findings on the insights and practical recommendations for building a national metaverse library that reflects the needs and aspirations of its stakeholders.
Association between lifeline diet score (LLDS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): case-control study
Authors: Fateh Hawal Lateef , Rashid Sameeah Abdulrahman
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and multifaceted metabolic and endocrine disorder that affects a significant number of women in their reproductive years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the lifeline diet score (LLDS) and PCOS.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors enrolled 105 women who had recently been diagnosed with PCOS. 105 women without PCOS, matched for age and body mass index (BMI), were selected as the control group. The mean age of the participants was 34.80 ± 5.37 years old. Standardized procedures were used to measure anthropometric indicators and assess the body composition of each participant. To determine the dietary patterns, a validated and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered. Based on the responses to the FFQ, the LLDS was calculated using 12 specific components. Multiple and univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations between LLDS and PCOS, considering various factors.

Findings

In the control group, the mean LLDS was 45.61 ± 9.67; while in the case group, the mean LLDS was 25.10 ± 7.49, respectively (P = 0.001). After adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES), age, protein, fat, physical activity and BMI, the probability of developing PCOS is 69% lower in the third tertiles of LLDS than in the first tertiles (OR = 0.31, CI 95% = 0.15–0.62), (P < 0.001).

Originality/value

The study finds that a higher LLDS correlates with reduced PCOS risk, echoing dietary advice to boost fruits, dairy, vegetables, legumes, poultry and grains while limiting pasta, rice, bread, eggs, red meat, sweets, sugar and hydrogenated fats.
Facile one-pot synthesis and characterization of castor oil-based acrylate oligomer for UV curable wood coating
Authors: Potdar Shubham , Jagtap Ramanand
Published: June 2024

Purpose

For the sake of sustainable development and environmental preservation, it is crucial to develop UV-curable coatings composed of renewable resources. Castor oil, being both bio-based and economical, serves as the focal point of this research paper. The purpose of this research paper is to synthesize, formulate and apply a UV-curable biobased oligomer ECOSAGMA as a wood coating, with a focus on sustainable development and environmental preservation. Castor oil, being both bio-based and economical, serves as the focal point of this research paper.

Design/methodology/approach

ECOSAGMA was prepared by reacting epoxidized castor oil with sebacic acid, followed by reaction with glycidyl methacrylate through ring opening reaction. The chemical structure of ECOSAGMA was confirmed by Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized oligomer was used for UV-curable coating formulations by combining it with varying amounts of TMPTA from 10 to 40 wt.% and studied for their rheological properties. The UV curable formulations were co-photopolymerized into thin coatings and were thoroughly examined based on thermal, chemical and mechanical properties.

Findings

The UV-cured coating containing ECOSAGMA and TMPTA exhibits exceptional mechanical, chemical and thermal properties, underscoring their potential for deployment in real-world application. It is observed that an increase in the concentration of TMPTA is associated with a notable enhancement in the properties of the UV-cured coatings. The UV-cured wood coating, composed of 40 wt.% TMPTA, demonstrates remarkable stain resistance properties.

Originality/value

In conclusion, by embracing eco-friendly and economically conscious principles., it is evident that this synthesized novel castor oil-based oligomer offers a range of valuable properties to the coating such as stain resistance and thermal stability as well as characteristics such as gloss, hardness, adhesion and chemical resistance.
An investigation on immigration inflows, GDP productivity and knowledge production in selected OECD countries: A panel model analysis
Authors: Afzal Munshi Naser Ibne , Kalra Akash
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of pervasive immigrant inflows on GDP productivity growth in selected OECD countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, New Zealand and the USA. The study aims to consider patent filing residence and non-residence as well as R&D expenditure to see if large immigrant destination countries can accept many immigrants to generate knowledge and creativity and stimulate economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses OECD and WDI data sets from 2000 to 2019 and employs a fundamental correlation matrix and static panel model to analyze the data. The study examines the impact of residential and non-residential patent applications and R&D expenditure on GDP productivity growth in the selected OECD countries.

Findings

The study found an adverse effect for residential patent applications, while non-residential patent application and R&D expenditure variables were strongly linked to GDP productivity. This indicates that to reap the benefits of skilled immigration inflows, the selected OECD countries must devote more resources to research and development and build a knowledge-based economy. This will improve economic efficiency and overall growth.

Originality/value

This paper assists policymakers in comprehending how to effectively utilize immigration inflows in developed and emerging economies in order to construct a future knowledge-based economic system.
The effect of output level, exchange rate and interest rate on inflation in BRIC-T countries
Authors: Akbaş Yusuf Ekrem , Dönmez Zafer , Can Esra
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In this study, it is analyzed the validity of the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) effect and the effect of interest rate and output level on the inflation rate (IR) in Brazil, Russia, India, China and Turkey (BRIC-T) between the years 1995Q1 and 2022Q4.

Design/methodology/approach

The methods such as the panel unit root test developed by Westerlund (2012), the LM bootstrap panel cointegration test developed by Westerlund and Edgerton (2007), the common correlated effects (CCE) estimator developed by Pesaran (2006) and the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator developed by Eberhardt and Bond (2009) that take into account the cross-section dependency are applied for analysis.

Findings

As a result of the findings, it is determined that the ERPT effect is valid in Turkey, Brazil, Russia, India and China and the cost channel is valid only in China. Finally, it is found out that output level positively affects inflation in Turkey, Brazil, Russia, India and China.

Practical implications

All these results indicate that the economies of Turkey, Russia, Brazil and India have a fragile structure, especially in terms of inflation. Therefore, the central bank of these countries should maintain exchange-rate stability to implement the inflation-targeting strategy successfully. In this context, central bank independence should be increased in these countries in achieving this objective. Also the results indicate that it is still early to consider whether BRIC-T countries and accordingly the Belt and Road Initiative will be an alternative against the domination of the USA and European Union (EU) on international trade system or it will substitute them.

Originality/value

In this study, it is tested that the impact of interest-rate (NIR), exchange-rate (FER) and output level (IPI) on general level of prices. Besides, it is analyzed that whether production level affects the IR. Also, the study investigates the economic issues such as ERPT effect and cost channel. The study analyzes whether China's Belt and Road Initiative is successful or not. In this study, we used the panel data methods that allow for structural breaks and cross-section dependency. For these reasons, this study differs from other studies in the literature both in terms of scope and methods used.
The export performance of textile and apparel industry of Ethiopia: a comparative study with global emerging exporters
Authors: Gebre Wubishet Mengesha , Birbirsa Zerihun Ayenew , Abegaz Mekonnen Bogale
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess Ethiopia’s export performance and emerging exporters of textile and apparel products.

Design/methodology/approach

Descriptive research designs were used to investigate textiles and apparel export performance. Quantitative secondary data were collected from the International Trade Center database for 19 years (2004–2022). Data analysis was performed using percentage, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Independent t-test using Excel and SPSS version 20.

Findings

Findings show that Ethiopia and emerging exporters of textiles and apparel have fluctuating export performance both in absolute value and percentage of growth. The RCA results revealed that Ethiopia, South Africa, Japan, Russia, Australia and Ghana had comparative disadvantages at first, and then Ethiopia’s index showed improvement to weak and medium levels. Meanwhile, countries such as Madagascar and Cambodia have a stronger comparative advantage than Ethiopia and other countries considered in this study. In addition, the findings also show significant differences between Ethiopia and other emerging exporters of textile apparel, except Egypt.

Practical implications

The findings of this study have significant ramifications for scholars, professionals in the textile sector and decision-makers in legislation.

Originality/value

This study established new trends and extended the application of the RCA index across regions.
Village fund management and reporting systems: are they accountable?
Authors: Permatasari Paulina , Budiarso Adi , Dartanto Teguh , Samosir Agunan Paulus , Saputro Bramantya , Ekayana Dewa , Agustono Efid Dwi , Alim Tri Emil , Hartono Leni , Wahyuputri Firli Wulansari , Wardhana Irwanda Wisnu
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address fundamental questions surrounding accountability within village fund management (VFM) and reporting systems in Indonesia by comparing the number of anomalous data entries with the actual village funds using the VFM data for all Indonesian villages during the period 2018–2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The research presents a pioneering methodology for assessing village fund accountability by analyzing data from all Indonesian villages and using investigative journalism and qualitative analysis. It integrates data from various sources, including government regulations, previous investigations, literature, interviews, etc.

Findings

This research highlights global challenges in development and governance, revealing common issues such as poor management of village funds and the need for strengthened institutional protection enforcement. Referring to the institutional theory, the authors demonstrate how institutional structures influence community behaviors, emphasizing the importance of regulatory frameworks to prevent misuse of public resources and maintain transparency and accountability across various socio-economic and political contexts.

Practical implications

This study emphasizes the necessity for more transparent and accountable fund management practices and calls for broader consideration of implications beyond government impact.

Social implications

This research provides insights for international stakeholders to strengthen their public financial systems, through rigorous monitoring and comprehensive reporting systems.

Originality/value

This study provides the most comprehensive sample comprising all villages in Indonesia that receive village funds and measures the use of village funds based on all village-level disbursements, representing unprecedented research using this form of data.