bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Night Shift Work, Genetic Risk, and Type 2 Diabetes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Vetter Céline , Dashti Hassan S. , Lane Jacqueline M. , Anderson Simon G. , Schernhammer Eva S. , Rutter Martin K. , Saxena Richa , Scheer Frank A.J.L.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effects of past and current night shift work and genetic type 2 diabetes vulnerability on type 2 diabetes odds.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the UK Biobank, we examined associations of current (N = 272,214) and lifetime (N = 70,480) night shift work exposure with type 2 diabetes risk (6,770 and 1,191 prevalent cases, respectively). For 180,704 and 44,141 unrelated participants of European ancestry (4,002 and 726 cases, respectively) with genetic data, we assessed whether shift work exposure modified the relationship between a genetic risk score (comprising 110 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) for type 2 diabetes and prevalent diabetes.

RESULTS

Compared with day workers, all current night shift workers were at higher multivariable-adjusted odds for type 2 diabetes (none or rare night shifts: odds ratio [OR] 1.15 [95% CI 1.05–1.26]; some nights: OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.05–1.32]; and usual nights: OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.19–1.73]), except current permanent night shift workers (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.93–1.27]). Considering a person’s lifetime work schedule and compared with never shift workers, working more night shifts per month was associated with higher type 2 diabetes odds (<3/month: OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.90–1.68]; 3–8/month: OR 1.11 [95% CI 0.90–1.37]; and >8/month: OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.14–1.62]; Ptrend = 0.001). The association between genetic type 2 diabetes predisposition and type 2 diabetes odds was not modified by shift work exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that night shift work, especially rotating shift work including night shifts, is associated with higher type 2 diabetes odds and that the number of night shifts worked per month appears most relevant for type 2 diabetes odds. Also, shift work exposure does not modify genetic risk for type 2 diabetes, a novel finding that warrants replication.
Samuel Wells Williams as a missionary, diplomat, sinologist. Glimpses of history of the American Far Eastern policy in the mid-19th century
Authors:   Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of  Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Anisimov Aleksandr Leonidovich
Published: February 2018

In domestic historiography, there are few works that address the history of American-Chinese relations in the mid-19th century from the perspective of personalities contributing to their establishment. The study analyzed the activities of S.W. Williams, one of the most influential American missionaries in China in the mid-19th century that had a significant impact on developing and implementing the Far Eastern policy of the United States as well as establishing the American sinology. S.W. Williams was an active promoter of American policy and an apologist for missionary activities in China in the 19th century. Although he wrote works covering US policy in China in the 1830s–1860s, his publications cannot be fully recognized as scientific historical literature because of their subjective nature. Nevertheless, his works provided the basis for American linguistics of Chinese language.
Initiative Group and its activities for the establishment of the Lviv Synod of 1946
Authors:   Kolomna Theological Seminary, Yasenitsky Vasiliy Matveyevich
Published: February 2018

This study discussed the reasons for the establishment, the composition and the scope of activities of Initiative Group formed in 1945 among the clergy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which wanted to be reunited with the Russian Orthodox Church. The Initiative Group increasingly used a variety of tools for persuasion of the Uniate clergy. The structure of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Europe at the end of the Great Patriotic War was described. The research reviewed the works of Greek Catholic Archpriest Gabriel Kostelnik who worked hard to hold the Lviv Synod eliminating the institutional forms of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church on the territory of the Soviet Union. The viewpoints of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy I (Simansky) of Moscow and All Russia and the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church were compared. The research is based on the documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF, Moscow).
The features of regional cultural policy from the perspective of educational programs implementation
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Rodionova Olga Vitalyevna
Published: February 2018

The study reviews the basic provisions of the Strategy of Cultural Policy which are reflected in the cultural and educational policies of the regions. Education is regarded as a key tool for developing supranational and over-confessional state identity. The peculiarities of both European and domestic educational system establishment are revealed, and the experience of training the clergy in the Islamic world is presented. The educational environment of modern Russia is a combination of European, Russian and Eastern contexts, which is particularly evident in the dynamic analysis of the Theology (Islamic Component) curriculum implemented by the leading universities of the country. The experience of implementing programs for training specialists with the in-depth study of Muslim culture in 2007–2017 is analyzed. The author concludes that the theologian training influences the regional cultural policy development.
The study of religion in the works of S.A. Ratner-Shternberg
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Khorina Veronika Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

The paper describes and analyzes several researches of Sarra Arkadyevna Ratner-Shternberg who is one of the first Russian scholars of religion. As a museum employee, S.A. Ratner-Shternberg published a number of museum guides and significant essays on shamanism among the Tlingits and other tribes of indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. A wide range of ethnographic and religious investigations, including foreign ones, allowed S.A. Ratner-Shternberg to serve as a promoter of science and facilitate the acquaint-ance of the Russian public with the latest achieve-ments in the study of world religions. In the context of the new science of religion developed in the early 20th century, S.A. Ratner-Shternberg’s works in view of the classification, systematization, and description of the collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences are considered as a valuable source for the study of shamanism.
Moral tradition as a determinant of legal standard in modern Russia
Authors:   Armavir State Pedagogical University, Khoroshilov Andrey Pavlovich
Published: February 2018

The content of the moral tradition and its determinative influence on the legal standard of modern Russian society are analyzed. The author supposes and proves that the moral tradition is particularly relevant for Russia in the modern context. It is concluded that the development of the autonomy of the legal consciousness is closely related to the development of the personal autonomy based on values of traditional moral and religious consciousness which are a part of Russian cultural heritage. The results of the analysis substantiate the necessity of a moral tradition for self-regulation of such a large society as Russia, the idea of the anti-crisis capacity of the moral tradition, and the coincidence of the laws of determination of legal consciousness by a moral tradition and the creation of legal conscious-ness of the individual in childhood and adolescence.
Sobre los pasos de nós. Una aproximación fílmica a Pelerinaxes de Don Ramón Otero Pedrayo
Authors: Saibene Simone
Published: February 2018

El artículo hace un recorrido a través del rodaje y la aproximación cinematográfica de la obra de Otero Pedrayo. En ella hay una fascinación, un redescubrimiento contínuo y entusiasta de lo ordinario. A los viajeros no les pasan grandes acontecimientos: beben mucho –licor café, agua de fuentes, gaseosa-, comen también –jamón sobre todo-, hablan sobre árboles, pazos y paisajes, cruzan pueblos aparentemente anónimos casi sin relacionarse con nadie –excepto con los compañeros galleguistas donde Galicia es el tema principal. Pero Otero Pedrayo es un romántico capaz de transformar lo ordinario en extraordinario, de hacer reverberar toda la geografía gallega de una luz arrebatadora. A veces necesitamos una mirada artística, algo o alguien que nos ayude a quitar el tapón del objetivo o a reenfocar para ver lo mismo de siempre bajo una luz renovadora.
RELEVANSI KONSEP NEGARA HUKUM PANCASILA DENGAN WELFARE STATE DALAM IMPLEMENTASINYA DENGAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putra I Ketut Cahyadi
Published: February 2018

The State of Pancasila Law essentially stems from the principle of kinship, deliberation of consensus based on customary law, and protection of human rights with the principle of balance between the rights and obligations and the function of the law of auxiliary. As contained in the Fifth Precept of Pancasila that is social justice for all Indonesian people, and the opening of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia related to the phrase "advancing public welfare" is the basic formula of welfare state ideology then manifested into the constitution of the state of Indonesia to be made Guidance of nation life and state administration.

Negara Hukum Pancasila esensinya berpangkal pada asas kekeluargaan, musyawarah mufakat berlandaskan hukum adat, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dengan prinsip keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban dan fungsi hukum pengayoman. Sebagaimana yang terkandung dalam Sila Kelima Pancasila yaitu keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, dan pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 terkait frase “memajukan kesejahteraan umum” merupakan rumusan dasar ideologi welfare state kemudian dimanifestasikan ke dalam batang tubuh konstitusi negara Indonesia untuk dijadikan pedoman hidup berbangsa dan penyelenggaraan kenegaraan.
The Strategic Role of Lembaga Adat Negeri in the Fulfilment of Victims’ Rights to Reparation in Post-Conflict Ambon
Authors: Nalesti Dewi Trihoni , Kwik Jonathan , Watloly Aholiab
Published: February 2018

This article demonstrates the strategic position of Lembaga Adat Negeri in the fulfilment of the long-neglected right to reparation of victims in post-conflict Ambon. Lembaga Adat Negeri were chosen as the object of analysis due to their close cultural affiliation with the Ambonese society. Due to the important role that Lembaga Adat Negeri play in local Ambonese governance, it is argued that they can assist in absorbing local aspirations and aid the reparation process. The recent enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Desa provides Lembaga Adat Negeri with ever greater momentum to spearhead reconciliation based on Ambonese traditional values and contribute to the peaceful transition of the divided people, in particular by way of fulfilling the right to reparation of victims.
PENGARUH ANTENATAL PERINEAL MASSAGE PADA PRIMIGRAVIDA TERHADAP PROSES PERSALINAN DI KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Kusumawati Erna , Rahmawati Agustin , Istiana Siti
Published: February 2018

Trauma jalan lahir berhubungan erat dengan proses persalinan. Hal ini juga berhubungan dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian Ibu. Proses persalinan hampir 90% yang mengalami robekan perineum,  baik dengan atau tanpa episiotomi. Antenatal Prineal Massage yang dilakukan pada periode kehamilan ≥34 minggu dapat mengurangi terjadinya insiden yang terjadi pada proses persalinan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah melihat efektifitas pemberian antenatal perineal massage terhadap proses persalinan.  Metode yang dipakai dalam   pencapaian   tujuan   tersebut   menggunakan   uji   komparatif   atau perbedaan dengan dua kelompok sampel yang berbeda yaitu ibu hamil yang diberikan perlakuan perineal massage sebanyak 45 orang dan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu hamil yang tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun sebanyak 45 orang.  Hasil penelitian ada perbedaan bermakna antara antara insident episiotomi antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol, tidak  ada  perbedaan  bermakna  antara lama Kala  II (periode  pengeluaran kepala bayi)  antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol, ada  perbedaan  bermakna  antara  skala nyeri persalinan pada kelompok perlakuan dan  kelompok kontrol, tidak  ada  perbedaan  bermakna  antara jenis persalinan dengan tindakan pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.
PENGARUH KEIKUTSERTAAN KELAS IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETRAMPILAN IBU NIFAS DALAM PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI KECAMATAN MARGADANA KOTA TEGAL TAHUN 2017
Authors: Maulida Iroma , Umriaty Umriaty , Dina Indah Siloka , Zulfiana Evi
Published: February 2018

Pada ibu menyusui yang bekerja, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang cara pemerahan, penyimpanan dan penyajian ASI menghambat proses pemberian ASI sehingga mereka memilih memberikan susu formula. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang menyusui adalah kelas ibu hamil. Tujuan mengetahui pengaruh keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil terhadap peningkatan ketrampilan ibu dalam memberikan ASI. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik untuk melihat pengaruh keikutsertaan dalam kelas ibu hamil terhadap kerampilan pemberian ASI (teknik menyusui, ketrampilan memerah, menyimpan dan menyediakan ASI perah). Populasi adalah ibu menyusui yang ikut kelas ibu hamil dan yang tidak ikut kelas ibu hamil. Sampel diperoleh dengan metode purposive sampling. Desain dengan kasus control dengan kasus adalah ibu menyusui yang tidak mengikuti kelas ibu hamil. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keikutsertaan dalam kelas ibu hamil terhadap kerampilan pemberian ASI dengan menggunakan uji Chi square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95 % dan α 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu menyusui telah melakukan teknik menyusui dengan benar ( 73,3 %). Sebagian besar ibu menyusui adalah ibu rumah tangga yang tidak mempunyai pekerjaan khusus, sehingga tidak melakukan proses pemerahan, penyimpanan dan penyediaan kembali ASI. Sementara itu ibu hamil yang memberikan ASI saja saat dilaksanakn penelitian sebesar 51,7 %. Hasil analisis hubungan dengan Chi Square dan alpha 0,05 tidak ditemukan hubungan antara paritas dengan teknik menyusui dengan nilai p sebesar 0,319. Hasil penelitian adalah hubungan antara pekerjaan dengan teknik menyusui juga tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna dengan nilai p 0,903. Selain itu uji hubungan antara keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil dengan teknik menyusui didapatkan nilai p 0,08 yang artinya tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna. Sedangkan pada uji hubungan antara keikutsertaan ibu hamil pada kelas ibu hamil dengan pemberian ASI saja didapatkan nilai p 0,004 yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna antara keikutsertaan kelas ibu hamil dengan pemberian ASI saja.
WELL-BEING DAN STRATEGI KOPING; STUDI SOSIODEMOGRAFI DI GETASAN
Authors: Adi Desi, Ayub Prabowo, Bagus Panuntun Sukma
Published: February 2018

AbstakTujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keadaan sosiodemografi (usia, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, latar belakang pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan dan pendapatan per bulan), tingkat well-being dan strategi koping masyarakat di Dusun Bumiayu Rt 02 Rw 05. Sebanyak 50 responden diminta untuk mengisi kuisoner yang dibagikan serta memperhatikan kriteria responden. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik survei dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Terdapat 3 instrumen yang digunakan yaitu: Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) untuk mengukur afek positif dan negatif, Posithif Thinking Scale (PTS) untuk mengukur pemikiran positif dan negative dan Scale of Psychological well-being (PWB) untuk mengukur kesejahteraan psikologis responden. Untuk mencari tahu tentang pemilihan strategi koping, peneliti menggunakan pertanyaan singkat sebanyak 11 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan umur yang paling tinggi dalam 17-25 tahun (26%), jenis kelamin yang paling banyak perempuan (56%), latar belakang pendidikan yang paling banyak adalah SMA (34%), pekerjaan yang dominan sebagai petani (34%), pendapatan perbulan yang paling banyak adalah Rp 500.000 – Rp. 1.500.000 (44%), responden rata-rata dalam status menikah (72%). Untuk tingkat well-being (SPANE) yang paling banyak adalah responden yang sering mengalami afek positif sebanyak (62%). Sedangkan tingkat well-being (PTS) yang paling dominan adalah responden yang memiliki pemikiran paling positif (90%). Untuk tingkat well-being (PWB) yang paling banyak adalah responden yang memiliki kesejahteraan psikologis tinggi dan sedang (42%). Terdapat hubungan antara well-being dengan sub variable sosiodemografi yaitu pendidikan. Untuk sub variable sosiodemografi yang tidak berhubungan adalah umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatam, status pernikahan. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa tidak semua sub variable sosiodemografi terdapat hubungan dengan well-being.  Kata kunci: well-being, strategi koping, sosiodemografi
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBERIAN KOLOSTRUM PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI PUSKESMAS BATURADEN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2016
Authors: Khosidah Amik
Published: February 2018

ASI adalah makanan yang terbaik untuk bayi. Salah satu komposisi ASI adalah kolostrum. Pemberian kolostrum secara awal pada bayi dan pemberian ASI secara terus menerus merupakan perlindungan yang terbaik pada bayi. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir. Jenis penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik samplingnya total sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah chi square. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan didapatkan Ada pengaruh pengetahuan ibu tentang kolostrum terhadap pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir di Puskesmas Baturaden Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2016 (p = 0,020). Ada pengaruh paritas ibu bayi baru lahir terhadap pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir di Puskesmas Baturaden Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2016 (p = 0,007). Ada pengaruh peran tenaga kesehatan dalam pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir terhadap pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir di Puskesmas Baturaden Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2016 (p = 0,013). Ibu bayi hendaknya berusaha untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kolostrum sehingga akan memberikan kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir untuk kehamilan berikutnya.
THE EVOLUTION Of THE EFFECTS-BASED APPROACH TO OPERATIONS (EBO)
Authors: COLOM PEILLA GUILLEM
Published: February 2018

This article presents an overall assessment of the effects based approach to operations. This operating concept emerged during the 1991 Gulf War as a new approach to military targeting; but it evolved as a revolutionary methodology for the planning, conduction and assessment of operations based on the integration of diplomatic, informational, military and economic instruments. Encumbered as one of the guiding principles of the military transformation processes, this operating concept was employed in Afghanistan, Iraq and the Lebanon. However, its limited applicability, its mediocre results and the development of new models for the management of complex crisis have entailed its disappearance of the world’s transformational agendas.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SENI RUPA ANAK TK MELALUI KEGIATAN BATIK CELUP PADA KELOMPOK A DI TK ARUM TEGALWANGI 26-31 TEGAL
Authors: Widiastuti Cita , Kristanto M.
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang yang mendorong peneliti ini adalah kreativitas seni rupa anak yang masih belum  berkembang  ini terlihat pada  masalah ketika anak menggambar dan mewarnai anak masih belum memunculkan ide-ide sendiri masih diarahkan  orangtua atau guru, sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan hasil menggambar dan mewarnai anak tersebut bukan ide mereka sendiri akan tetapi ide dan dari arahan orang lain. Pada saat menggambar atau membentuk sesuatu  anak masih sering mencontoh teman yang lain anak juga masih sering bertanya pada guru pada saat menggerjakan tugas. Disamping itu pembelajaran di kelas kurang menarik sehingga anak mudah bosan. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan hasil dan proses pembelajaran kreativitas seni rupa anak kelompok A Tk Arum Tegalwangi 26-31 Tegal melalui kegiatan batik celup.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subjek penelitian kelompok A di Tk Arum Tegalwangi 26-31 Tegal Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 yang berjumlah 15 anak. Data dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas in diperoleh melalui observasi dan dokumentasi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian setelah melakukan kegiatan menggunakan batik celup, menunjukan adanya peningkatan terhadap kreativitas seni rupa anak pada kelompok A di Tk Arum Tegalwangi 26-31 Tegal tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tindakan 2 siklus yaitu siklus I dan Siklus II, dan diperoleh 33,33% pada siklus I dan meningkat 82,22% pada siklus II. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa kreativitas seni rupa anak Tk dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan batik celup . oleh karena itu hendaknya guru harus lebih kreatif, inovatif, dan mampu membuat suasana kegiatan bermain sambil belajar yang menarik dan menyenangkan sehingga anak tidak mudah bosan.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL JAMURAN PADA ANAK KELOMPOK BERMAIN DI PAUD TAMAN BELIA CANDI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Hartiwi Desti , Zahraini Dian Ayu
Published: February 2018

Anak kelompok Bermain PAUD Taman Belia Candi Semarang, sebagian besar dalam kemampuan berbicaranya kurang maksimal. Hal itu bisa terlihat dengan ucapan yang belum tepat dan tidak jelas sehingga dalam berkomunikasi sulit dipahami oleh orang lain atau temannya, anak pasif ketika ditanya oleh guru maupun orang lain, sehingga kesulitan mengikuti instruksi sederhana, kurang percaya diri dalam mengungkapkan ide dan merespon cerita yang didengar, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara pada Anak Kelompok Bermain PAUD Taman Belia Candi, alternatif yang digunakan adalah menggunakan permainan tradisional Jamuran. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tujuan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatan kemampuan berbicara melalui permainan tradisional jamuran pada Kelompok Bermain di PAUD Taman Belia Candi tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang terlihat dari lembar observasi serta grafik yang terdapat dalam bab IV. Dari hasil penelitian siklus I dan hasil penelitian siklus II menunjukkan peningkatan pada persentase serta ketuntasan. Kesimpulan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah bahwa penerapan permainan tradisional Jamuran dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak kelompok Bermain PAUD Taman Belia Candi Semarang.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA MELALUI METODE CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI RA MASYITHOH BANYUPUTIH TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Yunalia Nafis , Pusari Ratna Wahyu
Published: February 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara melalui metode contextual teaching and learning pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di RA Masyithoh Banyuputih tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester 1 selama 2 minggu di RA Masyithoh Banyuputih Kabupaten Batang. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia 4-5 tahun yang berjumlah 12 anak yang terdiri atas 5 anak laki-laki dan 7 anak perempuan. Prosedur penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu 1) membuat perencanaan, 2) melakukan tindakan, 3) mengadakan pengamatan terhadap tindakan, 4) merefleksi hasil pengamatan tindakan, setiap siklus dilaksanakan 3 kali pertemuan dalam satu minggu. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dalam penelitian tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik diskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berbicara anak usia 4-5 tahun dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode contextual teaching and learning. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya keterampilan berbicara anak dalam setiap kali pertemuan baik dalam siklus I maupun siklus II. Pada awal tindakan terdapat 5 anak dengan keterampilan berbicara dengan penilaian cukup sedangkan pada akhir tindakan 11 anak dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa keterampilan berbicara pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di RA Masyithoh Banyuputih Kabupaten Batang semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode contextual teaching and learning.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM PERMAINAN BOWLING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KONSEP BILANGAN ANAK KELOMPOK A DI TK PGRI 63 SEMARANG
Authors: Irmawati Heni , Prasetiyawati Dwi
Published: February 2018

Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak TK PGRI 63 Semarang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelas A1 jumlah 20 anak sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas A2  jumlah 20 anak sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel yang tidak memberi peluang sama bagi setiap unsur/ anggota populasi untuk dipilih menjadi sampel ,dengan jenis sampling purposive yaitu teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-exprerimental design dengan jenis one group pretest-posttest design. Hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan metode demonstrasi dalam permainan bowling terhadap kemampuan konsep bilangan anak kelompok A di TK PGRI 63 Semarang. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari perolehan t hitung > t tabel yakni 11,37> 1,729 dan meningkatnya rata- rata konsep bilangan  anak, sebelum treatment 42,6 menjadi 77,8 sesudah treatment. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Konsep Bilangan Anak, Metode Demonstrasi dan Permainan Bowling.Abstract This type of research is quantitative. The  population of this study is all children TK PGRI 63 Semarang. The sample in this research is the children of class A1 total of 20 children as experimental class and class A2 amount 20 children as control class by using technique of non-probability sampling that is sampling technique which do not give equal opportunity for every element / member of population to be chosen to be sample, With purposive sampling type that is sample determination technique with certain consideration. The research design used is pre-exprerimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. The results of data analysis can be concluded that there is influence of the use of demonstration method in bowling game to the ability of group A group of concept in TK  PGRI 63 Semarang. It can be known from the acquisition of t arithmetic> t table ie 11.37> 1.729 and increasing the average concept of the number of children, before treatment 42.6 to 77.8 after treatment.Keywords: Ability of Child Numbers Concept, Demonstration Method and Bowling Game.
Critically endangered fish species of Turkish Seas (Mediterranean and Aegean): Longfin gurnard, Chelidonichthys obscurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Authors: Turan Cemal , Ergüden Deniz , Gürlek Mevlüt
Published: February 2018

Longfin gurnard Chelidonichthys obscurus (Walbaum, 1792) is reported several times from
various researchers in the checklist of Turkish marine fishes. However, last three decades, the
species is not occurred in the distributional range, comprising the northeastern Mediterranean
Sea and Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. It is possibly critically endangered or absent in the
Turkish Seas. Moreover, there has no any biological study been carried out on C. obscurus in
Turkey. C. obscurus is considered to be critically endangered or regionally extinct in the
eastern Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. This species might be recorded
as “Critically Endangered” in the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea coast of Turkey in the IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species.
New Voltage-Mode All-pass Filter Topology Employing Single Current Operational Amplifier
Authors: Çiçekli Hasan , Gökçen Ahmet
Published: February 2018

In this paper, a new voltage-mode all-pass filter topology based on single current operational amplifier (COA) and the implementation of COA by using current conveyors are presented. The proposed topology employs three admittances and single active circuit element. COA implementation by using current conveyor blocks as sub-circuit contributes to workability of the COA employing circuits by using commercially available integrated circuits that can be employed as current conveyor. The validity of the proposed filter is verified by PSPICE simulation programme by using the MOSIS 0.35 micron CMOS process parameters. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analysis and the circuit achieve a good total harmonic distortion (THD) performance.
First record of the Indo-Pacific striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) from Turkish marine waters
Authors: Doğdu Servet Ahmet , Uyan Ali , Uygur Necdet , Gürlek Mevlüt , Ergüden Deniz , Turan Cemal
Published: February 2018

Three specimens of striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) were caught by a
spear gun at depths of 20 m on 4 April 2016 from Iskenderun Bay (Çevlik harbour), Northeastern
Mediterranean coast of Turkey. With the present study, P. lineatus is the first time
reported from Turkish marine waters, in the Iskenderun Bay, the Northeastern Mediterranean
and also this is the first Plotosid species recorded from Turkish Seas.
A 5th order video band elliptic filter topology using OTRA based Fleischer Tow Biquad with MOS-C Realization
Authors: Gökçen Ahmet , Çam Uğur
Published: February 2018

A new 5th order video band elliptic filter topology is presented. In video applications high order elliptic filters were used. The proposed 5th-order lowpass filter was simulated with PSPICE simulation program. The elliptic filter configuration consists of two cascade connected lowpass notch filters and a lowpass filter which is obtained using OTRA based Fleischer Tow biquad. After designing the 5th order video band elliptic filter topology, the MOS-C realization is obtained and used in PSPICE simulation.
First record red lionfish Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1785) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gürlek Mevlüt , Ergüden Deniz , Uyan Ali , Doğdu Servet Ahmet , Yağlıoğlu Deniz , Öztürk Bayram , Turan Cemal
Published: February 2018

A single male specimen of red lionfish Pterois volitans was recorded for the first time in 13
May 2016 from the Iskenderun Bay, North-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. The present paper
also reports the first record of the red lionfish P. volitans along the Mediterranean Sea. 
An Assessment of Egg Size in The Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) on Samandağ Beach, Turkey
Authors: Sönmez Bektaş
Published: February 2018

Many environmental factors such as temperature and moisture are known to influence the

eggs of sea turtles. Egg diameter, egg circumference and egg weight were compared in the

three stages on Samandağ beach, Turkey. Also, distance from sea, total nest depth, total eggs

(clutch size), number of unhatched eggs were measured. In total, 284 eggs from 44 nests were

measured. There were significant differences among the stages in term of egg diameter and

egg weight. However; there are no significant differences among the stages in term of egg

circumference. The egg diameter and egg weight were positively correlated with distance

from the sea. Total nest depth was positively correlated with egg circumference and egg

weight. The nests further from the sea and deeper from the surface have large egg size. If

larger females produce large eggs, large females are attempting to nesting further from the sea

and deeper from the surface. The morphometric characters of female turtles not measure in

this study. Similar research can be done including female measurements in the future. These

results would be useful for conservation workers or nest site managers
On the occurrence of blue button, Porpita porpita (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Levantine coast of Turkey
Authors: SAYGIN Özlem
Published: February 2018

The present report is the first record of this species in Levantine Sea since 1842. This sample stranded at the shore of Gazipaşa (Antalya) in the south of Turkey. It was recorded in 14 July 2016. In this study, the description and distribution of the species has been presented.
A Centralized Detection of Sinkhole Attacks Based on Energy Level of the Nodes on Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: AYDIN Merve Nilay , Abasikeles Turgut Ipek
Published: February 2018

Wireless Sensor Networks is consist of thousands of small and low-cost devices, which
communicate over wireless medium. Due to locating in harsh environment and having limited
resources, WSN is prone to various attacks. One of the most dangerous attacks threatening WSN
is the sinkhole attack. In this paper, sinkhole attack is modelled on a cluster-based WSN, and a
centralized detection algorithm based on the remaining energies of the nodes is proposed. The
simulations were run for different values of energy thresholds and various numbers of nodes. The
performance of the system was investigated over total energy consumption in the system, the
number of packets arrived at base station and true detection rate of the sinkhole node(s). The results
showed that the proposed method is energy-efficient and detects the malicious nodes with a 100%
accuracy for all number of nodes.
The impact transconductance parameter and threshold voltage of MOSFET’s in static characteristics of CMOS inverter
Authors: Zabeli Milaim , Caka Nebi , Limani Myzafere , Kabashi Qamil
Published: February 2018

The objective of this paper is to research the impact of electrical and physical parameters that

characterize the complementary MOSFET transistors (NMOS and PMOS transistors) in the CMOS

inverter for static mode of operation. In addition to this, the paper also aims at exploring the

directives that are to be followed during the design phase of the CMOS inverters that enable

designers to design the CMOS inverters with the best possible performance, depending on

operation conditions. The CMOS inverter designed with the best possible features also enables the

designing of the CMOS logic circuits with the best possible performance, according to the

operation conditions and designers’ requirements.
First Indo-Pacific fish species from the Black Sea coast of Turkey: Shrimp scad Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775) (Carangidae)
Authors: TURAN Cemal , GÜRLEK Mevlüt , ÖZEREN Akif , DOĞDU Servet Ahmet
Published: February 2018

One specimen of shrimp scad Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775) was caught by using fish net at a

depth of 30 m on 11 October 2017 from Sinop Bay, the West Black Sea. With the present study,

A. djedaba is first lessepsian fish species in the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The migration of IndoPacific

species to the Black Sea indicate that climate change is getting an important issue both for

marine biodiversity and fisheries in the Black Sea.
The second record of the Seychelles dragonet Synchiropus sechellensis in the Northeastern Mediterranean coasts of the Turkey
Authors: Ergüden Deniz , Uyan Ali , Karan Serpil , Gürlek Mevlüt
Published: February 2018

Two female and one male specimens of the Seychelles dragonet, Synchiropus sechellensis were caught by a commercial trawl at a depths of about 55-65 m on 04 November 2017 from the Aydıncık coast, Turkey. The present paper reports the second record of S. sechellensis in the southeastern coast of Turkey. Morphometric and meristic characters of the the specimens are given with some remarks about the geographical distribution of the species in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The present study, S. sechellensis was recorded from a new locality for the coasts of Turkey. The present observation indicates an established population of the species in the southern coast of Turkey.
Keragaan Nilai DO, BOD dan COD di Danau Bekas Tambang Batubara Studi Kasus pada Danau Sangatta North PT. KPC di Kalimatan Timur
Authors: Santoso Arif Dwi
Published: February 2018

Salah satu limbah utama dari industri batubara adalah air dari proses produksi dan aktivitas lain yang ditampung dalam danau buatan. Air limbah dalam danau buatan ini mengalami pelarutan batuan dan proses oksidasi dari material sisa penambangan sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan air asam tambang yang mengandung bahan-bahan yang tidak diinginkan dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Untuk memanfaatkan air bekas tambang tersebut perlu dilakukan identifikasi kualitas air danau sehingga dapat diketahui perancangan konservasinya. Tujuan paper ini ingin memaparkan kondisi eksisting kualitas air bekas tambang, khususnya nilai BOD (biological oxygen dissolved) dan COD (chemical oxygen demand) serta parameter penunjang lainnya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, telah dilakukan survei pengukuran data kedalaman kolam, temperature, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan kandungan klorofil a secara langsung dengan menggunakan probe sensor multi parameter (Chlorotec, type AAQ1183, Alec Electronics), serta mengambil sampel di 11 stasiun untuk diketahui data BOD dan COD. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan Nilai BOD, COD danau berkisar 2 dan 5,57 mg/l. Nilai ini ditunjang oleh nilai parameter DO dan pH yang relatif baik. Nilai DO sekitar 2,8–6,89 (4,71 ± 1.28) mg/l dan nilai pH sekitar 6 –7,8 (7,1 ± 0,55). Secara umum air pada danau Sangatta North dalam kondisi stabil dan normal sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan sarana rekreasi air, pembudidayaan ikan air tawar, peternakan, pengairan pertanian dan peruntukan lain yang mempersyaratkan mutu air pada kelas II.
Evaluation of QuEChERS Method for GC Analysis of Pesticides in Tropical Fruits from Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Coello-Villanueva Jocelyn María , Acereto-Escoffié Pablo Oscar Martín , Barrón-Zambrano Jesús Alberto , Muñoz-Rodríguez David
Published: February 2018

The pesticides intake causes health problems; therefore, food must not exceed the maximum allowable limits. The aim of this work was the evaluation of a multi-residue method for the determination of eleven pesticides in tropical fruits of Yucatan, Mexico. Pesticide extraction was carried out with acetonitrile and clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS method). The extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. The quantification was performed by the external standard matrix match calibration. Most of the quantification limits were below 10 ng×g-1. In 70% of the cases, the relative standard deviation was lower than 15%. The pesticide recoveries ranged from 67.74% to 138.57%. The method allowed the quantification of pesticides in papaya, melon, dragon fruit and sugar apple.
In silico, Synthesis and Biological Investigations of Pyrrolo[3,4-C]Pyrrole Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Bahena Luis , Cervantes Carlos , Soto-Arredondo Karla J , Martínez-Alfaro Minerva , Zarco Natanael , García-Revilla Marco A. , Alcaraz-Contreras Yolanda , Palma Tirado Lourdes , Vázquez Miguel A. , Robles Juvencio
Published: February 2018

Based in a general structural pharmacophore model of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (commercially known as Vorinostat©), we synthesized a series of new pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole hydroxamic acid derivatives, 9a-c, to be tested as candidates for anti-cancer drugs. The evaluation of their possible biological activity was assessed in two ways: a) computational characterization from molecular calculations and quantum reactivity descriptors and b) biological assays. Molecular docking and density functional theory calculations were performed to assess the binding properties of our newly synthesized pyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole hydroxamic acid derivatives, employing as the biological target the histone deacetylase isoforms available in the protein data bank. Furthermore, to characterize the effect of changing the functional groups that we varied while designing our drug model, and to improve the assessment of the binding energy, conceptual density functional theory reactivity descriptors were calculated to rationalize the capability of the new drugs to interact with the histones active site. Our findings show that the newly synthesized derivative, 9c, display the best energetic coupling with the biological target and the more favorable values of the density functional theory descriptors to interact with the active site. The biological assay of the anti-cancer drug candidates was done using three different techniques: i) anti-proliferative activity on two breast cancer cell lines; ii) Histone H3 acetylation; and iii) DNA damage. Docking studies were performed on histone deacetylase enzymes. The biological function of these enzymes is the deacetylation of histones. We analyze the level of histone acetylation in two cell lines. The computational findings are in good agreement with the biological evaluation. Our main contribution is that one of our newly synthesized derivatives, 9c, performs better than the commercial reference suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid.
Structure - Function Analysis of the Cytochromes P450, Responsible for Phenprocoumon Metabolism
Authors: Quiroga Israel , Scior Thomas
Published: February 2018

Phenprocoumon is an oral anticoagulant used for the prophylaxis and treatment of disorders due to thrombosis. However, if oral anticoagulants are not metabolized, they could exacerbate and generate clotting disorders. Phenprocoumon is metabolized by at least four hepatic enzymes members of the cytochromes P450 family; three of which are members of the same subfamily (CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2C8). Even with too many differences in their amino acid sequence and tertiary structures, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 have the most similar metabolic activity on phenprocoumon. In this study, we were able to explain these activity similarities using force fields of molecular mechanics for geometry and energy optimization in combination with docking techniques. The results were compared to study Structure-Function Relationships (SFR) of our four target proteins (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4). The study and prediction of metabolism and sites of metabolisms of drugs was successfully performed using this approach.
Characterization of Plasma Protein Binding and the Effect of the Vehicle of Docetaxel Formulations
Authors: Márquez Maripaz , Quintanar Liliana , Castañeda-Hernández Gilberto
Published: February 2018

In this study we provide evidence of the alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) binding to Docetaxel as a key assay to evaluate formulations from different manufactures. The comparison of generics to the innovator is an active field in Pharmaceutics. While quality control tests are based on the evaluation of the active drug, our results show protein binding and excipients (Polysorbate 80) also play a critical role. We designed an assay by electronic absorption spectroscopy to evaluate the Docetaxel binding to AAG and the influence of Polysorbate 80. We evaluated Docetaxel generics from India and Latin America, our results show some generics of Docetaxel do not match with the innovator. The assay here developed is a feasible and easy access technique that could be implemented as a quick scan of quality control of Docetaxel generics available worldwide.
Electrical and mechanical properties of Cu-CNT nanocomposites sintered by microwave technique
Authors: Darabi Marjan , Rajabi Masoud
Published: February 2018

In this research, multiwall carbon nanotubes were dispersed in a copper matrix using a planetary ball mill. The mixed powders were compacted using a uniaxial hydraulic presser. A novel method of microwave sintering was applied to consolidate Cu-CNT nanocomposites Conventional sintering method was also used to sinter samples to investigate the effects of applied methods on the properties of the sample. Sintering time was reduced to 20 min using microwave sintering method. The morphology and phase analysis of nanocomposites were studied by FESEM and XRD. The physical and mechanical properties of Cu-CNT nanocomposites were characterized using electrical conductivity, bending strength, and micro-hardness. The results show that the mechanical properties of Cu-CNT nanocomposites are improved significantly by microwave route. The optimum hardness and bending strength were obtained for 4 vol. % CNT as an optimum amount of reinforcement.
Synthesis of Cu-CNTs nanocomposites via double pressing double sintering method
Authors: Darabi Marjan , Rajabi Masoud
Published: February 2018

In this research, copper (Cu)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites were synthesized with different weight percentages of CNTs by double pressing double sintering (DPDS) method as well as conventional sintering method. A planetary ball mill was used to disperse CNTs in Cu matrix. The milled powders were first cold pressed to 450 MPa in a uniaxial stainless-steel die with cylindrical compacts (diameter: 12 mm and height: 5 mm). The effect of CNTs content and the DPDS method on the properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The microstructure and phase analysis of Cu-CNTs nanocomposite samples were studied by FESEM and X-Ray Diffraction. The electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was measured and compared to both sintering methods. Mechanical properties of Cu-CNTs nanocomposites were characterized using bending strength and micro-hardness measurements. Enhancements of about 32% in bending strength, 31.6% in hardness and 19.5% in electrical conductivity of Cu-1 wt.% CNTs nanocomposite synthesized by DPDS method were observed as compared to Cu-1 wt.% CNTs nanocomposites fabricated under the similar condition by a conventional sintering process.
Improving Speaking Skill Of The Tenth Grade Students Of SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Muncar Through Direct Practice With The Native Speaker
Authors: Shodiq Mohamad Nor
Published: February 2018

The Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to invent teaching and learning strategy which fits the learners’ style and to solve the teachers’ problem in finding the appropriate technique in teaching. The researcher took SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Muncar Banyuwangi on 35 students of the tenth grade of AK 1 and was conducted in one cycle with the phases of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The researcher found that the implementation of Direct Practice with the Native Speaker could improve the students’ speaking skill. It was proved by the result of the students’ speaking score. The average classical score in preliminary study was 50. 00. They had improvement from the third meeting but did not all of students meet the criteria of success and were still below the KKM. In the fourth meeting was found that all of the students could reach criteria of success and KKM score as 70. 00. Direct Practice with the Native Speaker creates the teaching and learning process fun, and good atmosphere of competition among the students.
Mu’min, Kafir Dan Munafiq : Politik Identitas Kewargaan Di Awal Islam (Kajian Tentang QS. Al-Baqoroh : 1 – 20)
Authors: Afandi Irfan
Published: February 2018

Penggunaan kata yang termaktub di dalam al-Qur’an seringkali hanya dilihat dari sudut pandang teologis. Sehingga penggunaan kata dalam al-Qur’an tersebut hanya digunakan untuk kepentingan kelompok tertentu saja. Padahal penggunaan kata dalam al-Qur’an harus dilihat dari berbagai perspektif. Ta;wil bil ‘ilmi memungkinkan kita melihat bukan hanya unsur teks, tetapi juga konteks. Kajian ini berupaya membuka tabir bahwa kata mu’min, kafir munafiq tidak hanya dilihat dari sudut pandang teologis tetapi terma-terma tersebut merupakan istilah taktis untuk memberi nama kelompokmasyarakat di kota Madinah awal. Mukmin adalah karakter ideal dari warga kota di mana mukmin disamping mempercayai Allah SWT dan Muhammad sebagai rasulullah juga menyepakati kontrak sosial untuk dapat hidup bersama di kota Madinah. Berbanding terbalik dengan terma kafir yang pada awalnya identik dengan musuh kaum mukmin yang hidup di luar kota Madinah. Sedangkan munafiq menjadi karakter yang unik di mana mereka menyatakan dirinya sebagai warga kota Madinah tetapi melerwakan tata etika, hukum dan perundang-perundangan Madinah. Sebagai contoh cerita yang diriwayatkan tentang seseorang yang tidak memilih Muhammad SAW sebagai hakim dan malah memilih Ka’ab ibn Asyraf yang menerima suap. Padahal di semua kota, mulai kota Madinah dan kota modern, suap itu bagaikan penyakit Liver yang mengantarkan kota kepada kematian