bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are There Scientific Evidences that the Stem Cell Use Is Benefic to Patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Pinheiro Isabelly De Oliveira , Alves Isabela Macêdo , Valões Élida Camilla Nunes , Rodrigues Deici Aparecida Gomes , Sampaio Angelo Roncalli Ramalho
Published: November 2017

The dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most important causes of cardiac insufficiency, leading to morbidity and mortality augment, due to therapeutic restriction. Objective: To search scientific evidences about the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy with stem cells use. Results: The stem cells use in this pathology has shown benefits through human and animals experiments, verified through images and laboratorial exams. Conclusion: Even with positive results, this treatment requires deeper studies that can show consistent vantages of this therapy in humans.
ALMA and GMRT Constraints on the Off-axis Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
Authors: Kim S. , Schulze S. , Resmi L. , González-López J. , Higgins A. B. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Bauer F. E. , Gregorio-Monsalvo I. de , Pasquale M. De , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Kann D. A. , Martín S. , Oates S. R. , Starling R. L. C. , Tanvir N. R. , Buchner J. , Campana S. , Cano Z. , Covino S. , Fruchter A. S. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Hartmann D. H. , Hjorth J. , Jakobsson P. , Levan A. J. , Malesani D. , Michałowski M. J. , Milvang-Jensen B. , Misra K. , O’Brien P. T. , Sánchez-Ramírez R. , Thöne C. C. , Watson D. J. , Wiersema K.
Published: November 2017

Binary neutron-star mergers (BNSMs) are among the most readily detectable gravitational-wave (GW) sources with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). They are also thought to produce short γ-ray bursts (SGRBs) and kilonovae that are powered by r-process nuclei. Detecting these phenomena simultaneously would provide an unprecedented view of the physics during and after the merger of two compact objects. Such a Rosetta Stone event was detected by LIGO/Virgo on 2017 August 17 at a distance of ∼44 Mpc. We monitored the position of the BNSM with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 338.5 GHz and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 1.4 GHz, from 1.4 to 44 days after the merger. Our observations rule out any afterglow more luminous than

in these bands, probing >2–4 dex fainter than previous SGRB limits. We match these limits, in conjunction with public data announcing the appearance of X-ray and radio emission in the weeks after the GW event, to templates of off-axis afterglows. Our broadband modeling suggests that GW170817 was accompanied by an SGRB and that the γ-ray burst (GRB) jet, powered by

erg, had a half-opening angle of

, and was misaligned by

from our line of sight. The data are also consistent with a more collimated jet:

erg,

. This is the most conclusive detection of an off-axis GRB afterglow and the first associated with a BNSM-GW event to date. We use the viewing angle estimates to infer the initial bulk Lorentz factor and true energy release of the burst.
The Extragalactic Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-Ray Dipole
Authors: Globus Noemie , Piran Tsvi
Published: November 2017

We explore the possibility that the recently detected dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of >8 EeV ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) arises due to the large-scale structure. We assume that the cosmic-ray sources follow the matter distribution and calculate the flux-weighted UHECRs’ rms dipole amplitude taking into account the diffusive transport in the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). We find that the flux-weighted rms dipole amplitude is ∼8% before entering the Galaxy. The amplitude in the [4–8] EeV is only slightly lower ∼5%. The required IGMF is of the order of 5–30 nG, and the UHECR sources must be relatively nearby, within ∼300 Mpc. The absence of a statistically significant signal in the lower-energy bin can be explained if the same nuclei specie dominates the composition in both energy bins and diffusion in the Galactic magnetic field reduces the dipole of these lower-rigidity particles. Photodisintegration of higher-energy UHECRs could also reduce somewhat the lower-energy dipole.
A Comparative Study of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Fungal Culture for the Evaluation of Fungal Species in Patients with Tinea Cruris
Authors: Hazlianda Cut , Muis Kamaliah , Lubis Isma
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND: Tinea cruris is the second most common dermatophytosis in the world and the most common in Indonesia. The conventional laboratory tests for dermatophyte infection are slow and less specific. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is a PCR method with the addition of enzyme after amplification, therefore enabling for more specific results.AIM: This study aimed to find whether the PCR-RFLP test could yield the same fungal species result as a fungal culture.METHODS: The specimens were skin scrapings from thirty-one patients suspected tinea cruris. The tools and materials that were used were Sabaroud’s dextrose agar media, primer ITS 1 and ITS 4 and MvaI.RESULTS: The equation percentage of the test result species between PCR-RFLP and fungal culture was 50% of 12 subjects whose the test results were both positive from the fungal culture and PCR-RFLP. The percentage of the test result with fungal culture the fungal species were found, but in the PCR-RFLP test which the fungal species was not found, the percentage was 50% of 12 subjects which the test results were both positive as fungi from the culture and PCR-RFLP test.CONCLUSIONS: The species from PCR-RFLP examination was the same with the fungal culture.
Applications and App Building in Hybrid Courses
Authors: Eppes Tom A. , Milanovic Ivana , Wright Kamau
Published: November 2017

This paper provides an overview of application building in the course environment illustrated with samples of student work. User applications (apps) built as extensions of multiphysics models have been integrated into traditional face-to-face and hybrid engineering courses. Apps were first included in a multidisciplinary modeling graduate course that emphasizes an end-of-semester research project. At the undergraduate level, apps were added into a two-course mechanical engineering thermo-fluids sequence. Initially, apps were used as an effective demonstration tool both in the classroom and in an on-line environment. Subsequently, application building has been embedded into a string of simulation projects featuring prominently in the performance assessment. As a result, students have become more demonstrably engaged and are devoting substantial time outside the classroom to understand theoretical concepts. Feedback from graduates indicates that familiarity with simulation work-flow and application building are effective skillsets in seeking an entry-level industry position.
Using Theme-based Narrative Construct of Images as Passwords: Implementation and Assessment of Remembered Sequences
Authors: Chellaiah Priya , Nair Bipin , Achuthan Krishnashree , Diwakar Shyam
Published: November 2017

Secret keys connecting users to the system is the heart of cryptographic systems. With the recent wars, several cryptographic systems that use alpha-numeric passwords have been known to be vulnerable to many attacks. Image based password systems were introduced to add more complexity and security. This paper employs human uniqueness of narrative skills on an image-based password system with focus on theme in the password generation process. To generate the secret password, a specially designed computer game was used. We used narrative constructs composed of cartoon image sequences to generate user-speciﬁc secret key. The durability of generated passwords and the authentication process while assessing the reconstruction process by a potential hacker was verified. Under imposed psychological duress, users failed retrieving the password sequence suggesting the reliability as an anti-coercive attack cybersecurity tool. A set of experiments were used to analyze user behavior behind the image-based password system. EEG measurements demonstrated increased activity of α rhythms in F3 and FC5 channel bins and augmented levels of β rhythms in F3 and O1 channels, suggesting users added personalization to authentication more than in alpha-numeric password-based logins.
A Smart Hydrothermal Synthesis for Cobble-Like Porous CeO2 and their Superior Catalytic Performance for NH3-SCR of NOx
Authors: Niu Xiao Fei , Tu Fu Rong
Published: November 2017

The almost monodisperse cobble-like CeO2 nanostructures with many pores and a diameter of 50-100 nm have been successfully synthesized by a smart hydrothermal route. XRD, SEM, XPS, BET, and in situ DRIFT were employed to characterize the samples. The results showed that the cobble-like CeO2 owned a fluorite cubic structure and there are Ce3+ ions and oxygen vacancies in surface of samples. Its catalytic activity was investigated by selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. The results showed that cobble-like CeO2 nanostructures exhibit excellent catalytic performance, which can be attributed to the much larger surface areas, novel morphology and the best redox behaviour of surface oxygen on the CeO2 surface.
Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry for the Prediction of Preeclampsia among High-risk Pregnancies in Low-resource Setting: Our Experience at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Dayyabu Aliyu L , Yusuf Murtala , Galadanci Hadiza , Ismail Anas , Danbatta Abdu H
Published: November 2017

Several Doppler studies have demonstrated an association between increased impedance to flow in uterine arteries and subsequent development of preeclampsia. This study evaluated the usefulness of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the prediction of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies.

The study was a prospective cohort study carried out on 138 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, a tertiary center in Northern Nigeria. Assessment of uterine artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasound was carried out at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation. The test was considered abnormal when the mean resistance index (RI) in the uterine arteries was .0.58 with or without diastolic notch (DN). The women were then followed up to determine those who developed preeclampsia.

The prevalence of preeclampsia in this study was found to be 12.3%. Twenty one of the patients (15.2%) had high uterine artery RI (. 0.58), while 117 (84.8%) had normal RI (<0.58). The prevalence of preeclampsia was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group with high RI than in the group with normal RI (57.1 compared with 4.2%). Nine of the patients (6.5%) had DN, while 129 (93.5%) had no DN. The prevalence of preeclampsia was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group with DN than in the group with no DN (55 compared with 9.3%). Both the sensitivity (70.5%) and specificity (92.6%) of abnormal RI in the prediction of preeclampsia were found to be high.

This study confirmed the efficacy of second trimester screening for preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies using a combination of maternal characteristics and uterine artery Doppler.

How to cite this article

Yusuf M, Galadanci H, Ismail A, Aliyu LD, Danbatta AH. Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry for the Prediction of Preeclampsia among High-risk Pregnancies in Low-resource Setting: Our Experience at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):197-202.
The Fetal Thorax
Authors: Bozanovic Tatjana , Ljubic Aleksandar
Published: November 2017

Although relatively uncommon, congenital abnormalities in the thorax are important because of the potential effect on lung growth as well as the effect of the intrinsic abnormality.

How to cite this article

Ljubic A, Bozanovic T. The Fetal Thorax. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):210-224.
Advances in Fetal Neuroimaging
Authors: Vladareanu Radu , Panchal Sonal , Berceanu Costin , Bot Mihaela
Published: November 2017

How to cite this article

Hata T. Fetal Neuroimaging. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):233-243.

How to cite this article

Panchal S. Fetal Neuroimaging. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):244-248

How to cite this article

Vlãdãreanu R, Berceanu C, Bot M, Vlãdãreanu S. Neurosonography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):249-258
A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup
Authors: Babu S Vinod , Jagadeesan Anusha R , Ramalingam Jothimalar
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Obesity is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychosocial abnormalities.

Aim

This study aims at comparing the lipid profile levels of obese and nonobese men.

Materials and methods

This was a case—control study conducted at a tertiary care center. Totally, 80 men in the age group of 20 to 47 years attending the master health checkup were included in the study, out of which 40 men with normal body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 25 belonged to group I and 40 men with increased BMI of 30 and above belonged to group II. Lipid profile parameters, such as triglycerides (TGLs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were estimated in them. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 15.0.

Results

Statistically significant difference was found in the total cholesterol levels with a p-value of 0.040 while the difference in LDL cholesterol was statistically highly significant with a p-value of 0.040.

Conclusion

Among lipid profile parameters, only total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol showed significant difference between the obese and nonobese individuals. However, the other parameters like HDL cholesterol and TGLs did not show any significant difference.

How to cite this article

Babu SV, Jagadeesan AR, Ramalingam J. A Comparative Study of Lipid Profile in Obese and Nonobese Men attending Master Health Checkup. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):73-75.
Comparison of measured Serum Total Carbon Dioxide with calculated Bicarbonate calculated from Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
Authors: Mohan Thuthi , Kumar B Vinodh
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Measured total carbon dioxide (TCO2) from venous sample and calculated bicarbonate from arterial blood gas (ABG) have shown good agreement in some studies, while conflicting results have been obtained in few other studies. The objective of this study is to compare and assess the degree of agreement between the measured TCO2and calculated bicarbonate and also whether they can be used interchangeably in our laboratory.

Materials and methods

We prospectively analyzed 89 ABG samples requested for calculated bicarbonate and then measured TCO2from venous blood samples drawn simultaneously from the same participants between November 2016 and April 2017.

Results

Measured TCO2results ranged from 5.7 to 39.9 mmol/L (mean 23.45 mmol/L), while calculated bicarbonate ranged from 9 to 40 mmol/L (mean 24.36 mmol/L). The values of TCO2and bicarbonate correlated well (r = 0.95, p < 0.001), with the correlation given by the equation, y = 0.884x+ 3.605. The bias obtained was —0.9 mmol/L and the standard deviation (SD) was 1.62 mmol/L. The limits of agreement (LOA) were —4.1 to 2.3 mmol/L, with a span of 6.4 mmol/L. Out of the 89 values, 85 (95.05%) were within the LOA.

Conclusion

In majority of the cases, the calculated bicarbonate concentration from ABG showed a good correlation to the measured venous TCO2concentration. Despite this excellent correlation, TCO2did not show good agreement with calculated bicarbonate when Story and Poustie's criteria were applied, especially in cases of bicarbonate less than 20 mmol/L. Hence, clinicians should be aware of this discrepancy and be cautious when using measured TCO2and calculated bicarbonate interchangeably in the assessment and management of acid—base disorders, especially in patients with metabolic acidosis.

How to cite this article

Mohan T, Kumar BV. Comparison of measured Serum Total Carbon Dioxide with calculated Bicarbonate calculated from Arterial Blood Gas Analysis. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):76-80.
Metabolic Derangement in Birth Asphyxia due to Cellular Injury with Reference to Mineral Metabolism in Different Stages of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy in Central India
Authors: Vamne Amrita , Bhimte Bhawna
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity. Although neonates with severe birth asphyxia are known to be at increased risk of early-onset hypocalcemia, the magnitude of the problem is not well documented. Magnesium plays a role in neuroprotection for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early-onset hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in severely asphyxiated neonates.

Materials and methods

This study was carried out on 75 newborns distributed as group I (50 asphyxiated neonates) and group II (25 healthy neonates). Serum calcium and serum magnesium was estimated within 24 hours after birth, followed by third and fifth day postbirth.

Results

Maximum number of cases (81.3%) were born by vaginal delivery. The mean value of serum calcium on days 1, 3, and 5 for group I was 7.004 ± 0.691, 7.482 ± 0.760, 8.184 ± 0.811 in contrast to group II: 8.788 ± 0.399, 9.476 ± 0.250, 9.992 ± 0.277 respectively. Whereas the mean value of serum magnesium for group I is reported as 1.545 ± 0.045, 1.496 ± 0.067, 1.556 ± 0.057 on days 1, 3, and 5, while that of group II was 1.518 ± 0.053, 1.597 ± 0.049, 1.66 ± 0.065 respectively. On HIE stage-wise comparison, abnormal calcium metabolism percentage increases with severity of asphyxia (46.6% abnormal in stage I, while 71.4% abnormal in stage III). Abnormal magnesium metabolism percentage also increases with severity of asphyxia (26.6% abnormal in stage I, while 71.4% abnormal in stage III) and this abnormality persists up to fifth day in stage III.

Conclusion

Birth asphyxia is the most common and important cause of preventable cerebral injury occurring in the neonatal period. Serum calcium and magnesium level plays exceptionally imperative role for escaping HIE and other induced complications.

How to cite this article

Bhimte B, Vamne A. Metabolic Derangement in Birth Asphyxia due to Cellular Injury with Reference to Mineral Metabolism in Different Stages of Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy in Central India. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):86-90.
Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: The Hidden Danger
Authors: Nanda Rachita , Abraham Jessy , Sahoo Sibasish , Ganguly Anirban , Mohapatra Eli , Patel Suprava
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Diabetes is considered as a major challenge to the public health system in India. Recent articles clearly mention that the hidden danger in the form of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes is greatly adding to the burden silently. Awareness regarding the same, particularly among youth, can help diagnose the condition very early and thus, initiate early management.

Objectives

With an aim to estimate the frequency of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the adult population, a camp was organized in our institute to screen the adults in our locality by estimating fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Materials and methods

A total of 246 individuals were selected for analysis after excluding the known diabetic cases. Height, weight, pulse, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Plasma fasting sugar and fasting serum lipid profile were analyzed. The HbA1c was estimated in hyperglycemic subjects.

Results

The frequency of hyperglycemia in the study population was found to be 28%. The total frequency of prediabetes was 18.3% and that of undiagnosed diabetes was 9.75%. The raised sugar could be significantly associated with age, waist circumference, BMI, hypertriglyceridemia, and cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein (Chol:HDL) ratio. Aging, greater BMI, hypertriglyceridemia, and raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) depicted significant odds ratio (OR) to predict the risk factor for diabetes.

Conclusion

The hidden burden of diabetes in our locality is quite high, which, if not taken care, would result in a public health catastrophe.

How to cite this article

Patel S, Nanda R, Abraham J, Sahoo S, Ganguly A, Mohapatra E. Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus: The Hidden Danger. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):91-95.
Comparison of Different estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Kanani Dhara N , Mishra Avanish
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Recent recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and the Adolescents Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program make the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum the basis of classification and management of hypercholesterolemia. This makes accurate reporting of LDL-C decisive in the management of coronary heart disease (CHD). Direct measurement of LDL by homogeneous method is accurate but reagent is costly. Therefore, we have to compare different calculated LDL values with direct LDL (D-LDL) values.

Aim

The aim of this study was (1) to decide if LDL-C level was underestimated/overestimated after it was calculated using the formulae compared with direct measurement of LDL-C and (2) to choose the best calculated method that compares maximum with the direct method.

Materials and methods

We measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), D-LDL by direct homogeneous method in 500 fasting samples. Simultaneously, Friedewald's (F-LDL-C), modified Friedewald's (MF-LDL-C), and Anandaraja's (A-LDL-C) formulas were also used for calculation of LDL-C.

Results

A good correlation was found between D-LDL-C as compared with F-LDL-C, MF-LDL-C, and A-LDL-C. Pearson's coefficient of correlation between MF-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.94, which was moderately higher than other calculated methods. Pearson's coefficient of correlation between A-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.92 and F-LDL-C and D-LDL was 0.93.

Conclusion

In conclusion, among the three LDL-C formulas, the Friedewald formula and Anandaraja' s formulas give a higher percentage of error compared with the modified Friedewald formula Therefore, modified Friedewald's formula is better than the other two formulae for calculating LDL-C in a more cost-effective manner and can be used in large population studies.

How to cite this article

Kanani DN, Mishra A. Comparison of Different Estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):151-156.
Effect of Sucralose on Glucose Uptake in Rat L6 Myotubes
Authors: Prakash Shubha N , Shanthakumari Jayakumari , Devanath Anitha
Published: November 2017

Introduction

With growing awareness of the link between diet and health and the problem of obesity, public concern over sugar levels in the diet is forcing a worldwide trend toward cutting down on sugar by using artificial sweeteners (AS).

Aim

To study the effect of increasing concentrations of sucralose (an AS) on glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes.

Materials and methods

The L6 cell line from American type cell culture (ATCC) was grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and differentiated into myotubes. The wells were exposed to either 0, 1 nM, 1 μM, or 1 mM of sucralose alone or with 10 nM insulin for 24 hours. Glucose uptake was studied after this period.

Results

Significant decrease was seen between the insulin-stimulated basal glucose uptake and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake across all the concentrations of sucralose treatment.

Conclusion

Increased concentration of sucralose appears to decrease glucose uptake even on insulin stimulation.

Clinical significance

It may not be beneficial to use sucralose in certain groups of people who have insulin resistance or are prone to it.

How to cite this article

Prakash SN, Shanthakumari J, Devanath A. Effect of Sucralose on Glucose Uptake in Rat L6 Myotubes. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):162-165.
Effect of disruptive selection for body conformation on age variations of femoral morphometrie traits, in mice
Authors: Hinrichsen L. , Mana D. , Di Masso R. , Font M. T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The effect of disruptive selection for body conformation on body weight and length, tail length, and femur weight and length at different stages of development (21, 42, 63, and 120 days of age) was analysed in four mouse lines of the CBi stock selected for (CBi+, CBi-) and against (CBi/L, CBi/C) the phenotypic correlation between body weight and tail length, and die unselected control line CBi. As expected, body weight and tail length distributed according to the selection criteria; rrunk length (whole body length minus tail length) behaved as body welght at all ages. CBi/L had the highest femoral length (p < 0.01), and CBi/C attained the highest femoral weight (p < 0.01). CBi+ and CBi-, harmonically large or small, differed between them and from the control line in both variables (p < 0.001). These findings further corroborate the proposal that bone mass is markedly affected by the skeleton function as support of soft tissues. The allometric analysis ofthe regression of femur weight on femur length suggests that, in this model, a) the demand posed by the selective pressure forced each genotype to find a unique Solution, b) this response is sex-dependent, and c) genetic determination ofthe parameters involved in this allometric relationship is, at least, partially independent.
Effect of Average Number of Piglets in the First Three Litters of Polish Large White Sows-Family Founders on the Reproduetive Performance of Gilts in the Next Generations
Authors: Lewczuk A. , Rymkiewicz J. , Grudniewska B. , Janiszewska M. , Michalik D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The studies concerned the reproduetive perfonnance of four generations of sows originating from families where the average number of piglets in the first three litters amounted to: 8.1–9.0 (group A), 9.1–10.0 (group B), 10. 1–11.0 (group C) and more than 11.0 (group D). 988 sows and 2964 litters were examined altogether. The average number of piglets reared up to the age of 21 days in the first three litters of sows-family founders has a significant effect on the fertility and feeundity levels of sows in the next generations. The best results are to be expected in the case of sows originating from families where the average number of piglets in three successive litters was higher than 10. Sows coming from families in which the average number of piglets on 21st day was lower do not show promise of equally good reproductive performance, in spite of higher weight gains and better appearance (resulting from better conditions in the periods of pre- and postnatal development). In the private sector there were no sows originating from family founders in the group < 9,0 while 95% of them belonged to groups with average piglet number >10,0.
Die Robustheit von BLUP und EBLUP
Authors: Herrendörfer G. , Tuchscherer A. , Dietl G. , Tuchscherer M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The Robustness of BLUP and EBLUP The expectations of BLP and BLUP used as estimator for fixed effects and as predictor for random effects were investigated concerning the property "unbiasedness". Different aspects of robustness research on prediction procedures are discussed. The robustness of BLUP and EBLUP was investigated with respect to the distribution ofthe random components of the model, the degree of balancedness of the experimental design, influence of the variance components ratio and different variance component estimators used in EBLUP(2) on the bases of a Computer Simulation in the random one-way model. Criteria used for the evaluation were the mean squared error (MSE) and the selection gain. Besides, an idea of the overestimation of the accuracy of EBLUP by the naive MSE approximation based on the MSE formulas of BLUP with variance component estimations instead of unknown parameters is given.
Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 1. Mitteilung: Variation der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchkühen
Authors: Panicke L. , Schmidt M. , Król T. , Staufenbiel R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Titel of the paper: Proteolytic activities of lysosomal enzymes in dairy cattle. I. Variation of lysosomal enzymes in dairy cattle There are no references to be found in the literature dealing with genetic aspects of lysosomal enzyme activities m blood of dairy cows, The used amino peptidases are connected to the proteolysis. 1011 investigated cows showed Variation coefficients of ≈50%, higher than in milk traits In simultaneous samples it reduces to 20–30% similar to daily milk samples The heritability coefficients h2 = 0,10–0,20 is approximately between fertility traits and milk traits The investigation of lysosomal enzyme activities might be limited to plasma. No additional information could be gained using the leukocytes. Changing activities of enzymes in plasma are aqually directed to the milk performance. It may be concluded that the trait spectrum might be reduced to DP-IV, AGR, ALA, AGLD and EL as well especially to protein yield of milk.
Direct and correlated responses to selection in two flocks of White Leghorn
Authors: Brah G. S. , Chaudhary M. L. , Sandhu J. S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Data on 17,588 pulletes of two strains selected for egg number and egg weight along with a control line were examined over seven generations. Significant desirable realized genetic gains/generation were observed for egg number to 40 weeks (2.18 and 2.23 eggs) and egg weight (0.81 and 0.45g) in both the strains. Significant correlated responses were also observed in age at first egg (−1.54 and −1.17 d); 20 and 40 week body weights (8.8 to 19.0). Significant desirable responses were also observed for egg mass (175 and 151g), rate of lay (1.0 and 1.37%), egg production efficiency (0.08 and 0.07) and efficiency index (1.09 and 1.03 g/d/kg) Natural selection did not seem to play any role. Inbreeding of 0.28 to 0.45% per generation did not appear to be of any significance in affecting the performance and heritabilities. The additive genetic and phenotypic variances and heritabilities remained stable over generations. Realized heritabilities varied between 0 18 and 0.29 for egg number and between 0.44 and 0.66 for egg weight and indicated the effectiveness of the criterion of selection.
Aussage des Harnstoffverteilungsraumes zum Körperfettgehalt der Milchkuh
Authors: Wappler O. , Staufenbiel R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Utilization of urea space for estimation of body fat content in dairy cow The urea space 12 minutes after intravenous administration of a defined amount of urea (HVR12) is unsuitable for estimation of body fat content in dairy cows. There is no connection between the absolute body fat content and the absolute HVR12. Between the relative body fat content and the relative HVRI2 combined a low significant measure of accuracy is established. Bibliographical references about unsatisfactory results by use of this method particulary in lactating cows are confirmed.
Genetic and economic evaluation of genetic improvement schemes in pigs. – II. Comparison of selection strategies in a three-way crossbreeding scheme
Authors: Wuensch U. , Nitter G. , Bergfeld U. , Schueler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Alternative selection strategies for a three-way cross in pigs (Pietrain as the sire line and Large White boars mated to German Landrace sows to produce the F1-female) are investigated to maximise both genetic gain and profit. The number of nucleus sows in the main female line (German Landrace) can vary within a wide range without noticeable effect on the genetic and economic response. Productive lifetimes of approximately one year are recommended for nucleus boars and sows after the progeny test. Boars mated to produce crossbreds should be used longer, especially in the terminal sire line. F1-sows can have a productive lifetime of more than two years and can be used close to their biological maximum. Four testing schemes are compared and the contribution of the three breeds to the return is evaluated. Testing crossbred animals at a central test Station cannot be recommended. This capacity should be used to test purebred animals. Both monetary genetic gain and profit are higher in a scheme with a self-performance testing of boars at Station, in comparison to a scheme with only progeny testing at Station, by 36 and 68%, respectively. Due to a reduced generation interval, using boars to produce breeding boars straight after their self-performance test leads to a further increase of monetary genetic gain by 5% and profit by 13%. In all schemes, selection in Pietrain leads to the highest return due to the highest gene proportion in and its shorter distance to the terminal product and the therefore faster transfer of genetic gain.
Zur N-reduzierten Fütterung von Mastschweinen bei Einsatz freier Aminosäuren
Authors: Nonn H. , Jeroch H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the Paper: Investigation on N-reduced feeding and use of free amino acids in fattening pigs The aim of the present study was to investigate the N-reduced feeding by fattening pigs feed by cereals rieh feedmixture supplemented with the free amino-acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-tryptophane, Lleucine, L-isoleucine, L-histidine and L-valine. It was to test extreme low crude protein content by requirement sufficient supply on amino-aeid. The reaction of the animals in growth, carcass quality and the reduction of Nexeretion was to investigate. The pigs were divided in two groups (control and experimental group) with 24 animals per group (12 females and 12 castrates). The experiment was divided into three periods (25–60, 60–85 and 85–110 kg body weight). The protein content of the feedmixture was by the control group 18.3, 15.6 and 13.6% and by the experimental group 14.0, 11.8 and 10.7%, respectively. The lysine-energy ratio of the feedmixture was by all three feeding periods by 0.72 or 0.74, 0.61 or 0.62 and 0.55 or 0.57 g lysine per MJ ME in control feedmixture or experimental feedmixture, respectively. By a high Performance are the average daily life weight gain (control group 869 and experimental group 863 g) and the lean meat rate (control group 55.2 and experimental group 55:0%) not influenced by the high of crude protein supply. The calculated N-excretion were by the control group 4.16 kg (as 100%) and by experimental group 2.60 kg (62.5%) per 100 kg body weight gain.
First Results of a MAS Study in Dairy Cattle with Respect to Longevity (short communication)
Authors: Freyer G. , Erhardt G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A study where Casein loci were used to be markers for improving milk yield, fat content and protein yield in a marker assisted selection experiment focused on possible side effects of this process on longevity traits. Using the data of two samples of cows a Simulation on the data was carried out evaluating the selection differences in period of use, period of life and production of the whole life indirectly. The selection criteria were flexible using one of the milk production traits each as well as marker information. During the investigated period no negative effect of simulated selection using EBV for milk yield, fat content and protein yield alone or in combination with the Casein loci used as markers on longevity traits occurred in the population. There are no significant differences regarding the longevity traits caused by selection for Single milk trait based on pure EBV and MAS.
Erfassung der Futteraufnahme im Rahmen der Stationsprüfung potentieller Besamungsbullen
Authors: Wassmuth R. , Alps H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Recording of feed intake in stationary testing of potential AI bulls This study was performed in order to estimate correlations between feed intake, eating time and daily gain in young bulls and in order to estimate genetic parameters for feed intake in successive testing periods aiming at reduction of costs for testing. Data were collected from 269 Station tested potential AI bulls of German Holstein. In the testing period beginning with the 112th and ending with the 312 day of life, bulls consumed 5.1 kg roughage in 125 minutes per day and increased their weight by 1,300 g daily. The heritability of feed intake was 0.42, of eating behaviour 0.40 and of daily gain 0.62. Between feed intake and eating behaviour no relationship could be observed. Hence, an indirect measurement of feed intake is not possible. The high genetic correlation between feed intake and daily gain of 0.96 is no reason to replace feed intake recording because of a promising relationship between feed intake and health of dairy cows. Because of a delayed Start of 32 % of all tested bulls a shortening of the test period should be orientated to the last testing periods. In the last testing period, the heritability of feed intake was 0.65 and the genetic correlation between feed intake in the last and in the whole test period was high with 0.88. Hence, the test period could be shortened favouring intake measurements between 263rd and 312th day of life.
Feeding behaviour and diet selection by West African Dwarf Goats (short communication)
Authors: Odeyinka S. M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Sixteen West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) were used to study the feeding behaviour and diet selection. The animals were offered freshly cut stems with leaves and fruiting bodies of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leueoeephala and Panicum maximum. The feeding behaviour of the goats was observed and recorded whilst the preference of the animals for each diet was also monitored. Data were collected on feed intake, number of bites per minutes, and preference for each of the forages. The data on feed intake were subjeeted to one-way analysis of variance. Within 30 minutes into the feeding period, it was observed that the goats concentrated on Leucaena leueoeephala which they stmggled over for favoured positions leading to horn locking. The animals first smelt the different plants took a bite before concentrating on a particular forage. The animals usually consumed fruiting bodies and leaves of leucaena before eating the other two forages. The mean number of bites per goat per minute was 10, 8 and 6 for gliricidia, leucaena and panicum respectively. The animals exhibited bi-pedal stance during feeding. Analysis of variance showed forage intake to be significantly different (P < 0.05) among the forages. Proximate analysis of the three forages indicated that leucaena had a higher quantity of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract. (EE) compared to the other two forages, while panicum had higher CF, lower CP, ash and EE content compared to gliricidia and leucaena.
Effects of genetic control of subcutaneous fat deposition via using restricted selection indexes on live Performance and carcass characteristics of Pekin ducklings
Authors: Shahin K. A. , Shemeis A. R. , Abdallah O. Y. , Saleh K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic parameters for live Performance and detaiied dissection traits of body components and carcass tissues in Pekin ducks were calculated and used to construct selection indexes. The expected reduction in potential gain in live weight, dressing percentage and carcass characteristics resulting from restricting change in subcutaneous fat level to zero were assessed. The aggregate genotype measurements were weight at slaughter, dressing percentage and percent subcutaneous fat. The index measurements were weight at hatching, weight at slaughter, weight gain, breast width, breast length and breast circumference. The restricted indexes as compared with the unrestricted would lead to minimum reduction in potential gain of 29.4% in total net merit, 96.4% in weight at slaughter, 49.0% in dressing percentage, 74.0% in dissected side weight and 75.0% in muscle to bone ratio. The potential reduction in percent abdominal fat and percent bone in side was decreased by at least 38.5% and 80.2%, respectively. Absolute genetic response results showed that selecting for breast width alone (rTI = 0.79) would be recommended for birds with substandard levels of SCF, whereas use of the restricted index containing weight at hatching and breast width (rTI = 0.54) would be advised for individuals with Standard fatness.
Simultane Zuchtwertschätzung mit Reinzucht- und Kreuzungsleistungen unter Dominanz
Authors: Mielenz N. , Schüler L. , Groeneveld E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Joint genetic evaluation of purebred and crossbred data under dominance Currently available Software packages are not able to handle the Joint genetic evaluation of pure and crossbred data correctly. Instead, the same traits originating in the two purebreds and the crossbred are treated as three separate traits and analysed in a three trait animal model. Using selection index theory it can be demonstrated that this procedure contains model violations even if only additive genetic effects are considered. The effectiveness of the correct model which allows different contributions of the parental lines to the genetic variance of the cross including animal specific dominance effects is assessed on the basis of different selection indices. The sources of information chosen reflect those available in typical chicken breeding programs. The genetic parameters required for index construction – in particular the dominance variance and the genetic correlation between the pure and cross breds – were derived using a two locus model. If the purebred contribute extremely differently to the crossbred variance large losses in efficiency can be observed. With contributions of the sire line of 11, 19, 37 and 40% to the additive genetic variance of the cross corresponding losses in efficiency of selection where 13.1, 6.5, 0.6 and 0.2% respectively. Not considering the dominance variance – depending on its proportion relative to the total genetic variance – lead to a moderate loss of efficiency from 0.1 to 2.6%.
Relationships between electrical impedance and fluid losses from turkey breast meat
Authors: Swatland H. J. , Uttaro B. , Mohr J. , Buddiger N.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Breast muscles were removed from turkeys soon after slaughter. The meat quality was judged to be normal with little or no evidence of the pale, soft, exudative (PSE) condition. Fluid losses the day after slaughter were 0.50 SD 0.35 %. The most reliable predictor of fluid losses was resistance: r = –0.37 at 120 kHz, –0.30 at 1 Hz and –0.34 at 10 kHz (P < 0.001, n = 156). Between 1 and 4 days post-mortem, the mean drip loss from slices of turkey meat in a cooler was 4.31 SD 1.91%. Resistance was correlated with cooler drip loss: r = –0.61 at 120 Hz, –0.51 at 1 kHz and –0.62 at 10 kHz (P < 0.001, n = 45).
Untersuchungen zur Schlachtkörper- und Fleischqualität mit Hilfe von MR-Tomographie und MR-Spektroskopie
Authors: Baulain U. , Henning M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Studies of carcass and meat quality by means of MR tomography and MR spectroscopy Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is an important diagnostic tool, originally developed for imaging in human medicine. In animal science it has been applied primarily to determine body composition in live animals and in carcasses. Studies in pigs, sheep and waterfowl indicate that quantification of soft tissue by means of prediction equations or by direct measurement of lean and fat volume is highly accurate. So MRT is particularly suitable to analyse growth and development of animals regarding to quality safety in meat production. A precise discrimination between soft tissues enables this technique to serve as a reference for the improvement of Systems used in practical animal breeding and carcass grading. Based on the same principle magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a new possibility to investigate muscle physiology in live animals. The energy metabolism of muscle in pigs with different MHS genotype was studied by means of MRS regarding to an optimum meat quality.
Auswirkungen des Malignen Hyperthermie-Syndroms (MHS) auf Fleischqualität, Muskelfasereigenschaften und Stoffwechselkriterien des M. longissimus von Pietrain- Schweinen
Authors: Fiedler I. , Kuhn G. , Härtung M. , Küchenmeister U. , Nürnberg K. , Rehfeldt C. , Huber K. , Klosowska D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effects of the malignant hyperthermia Syndrome (MHS) on meat quality, muscle fibre characteristics and metabolic traits of the Longissimus muscle in Pietrain pigs In Pietrain pigs with the genetic defect MHS (MHS group; n = 11) and without this defect (MHR group; n = 17) the Longissimus muscle was examined from the time of slaughter to 24 h post mortem to characterize endogenous changes in structural and functional parameters of the fibres and meat quality. At the time of slaughter the muscle in the MHS group was characterized by eniarged fibre diameters, a reduced number of capillaries and an increased occurrance of angular fibres and giant fibres. The fibre type composition in the MHS group tended to an increased proportion of glycolytic fibres and decreased proportion of oxidative fibres. The activities of four enzymes indicating the energy metabolism were not significantly different between the groups immediately after slaughter. However, at the time 45 min post mortem the activities of all enzymes were less in the MHS group as compared with the MHR group. The IMP/ATP quotient was the same in both groups directly after slaughter and was increased by 19.6 % in the MHS group 45 min post mortem indicating a deficit in supply of ATP for the metabolic processes of development from muscle to normal meat quality. Reduced values were measured in the sarcoplasmatic Ca2+ ATPase activity of the MHS group as compared with the MHR group. The changes in microstructure and metabolism of the muscle were related to an impairment of meat quality, which was characterized by a low pH value, lighter-coloured meat and a high drip-loss. The results underline the demand to eliminate those pigs with the MHS genetic defect from breeding Stocks and to involve further traits of muscle into the selection.
A comparison of alternatives of milk recording schemes for dairy sheep
Authors: Wojtowski J. , Gut A. , Slósarz P. , Molinski K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A total of 307 lactations of ewes from synthetic line (13/16 East Friesian Milk Sheep, 3/16 Polish sheep breeds) were invesstigated. Ewes were milked after weaning, starting on the 60th day of lactation, for the period of our months. Milk recording was conducted using the A30 scheme during the morning and afternoon milkings. Twenty one simplified milk recording schemes were investigated, taking into account the data from 4 or 6 control milkings, and estimating the differences between milk production, protein and fat contents on the basis of the simplified and the A30 methods. The accuracy of the methods to estimate milk (protein, fat) yields was verified using the pairwise test. Among the tested 4-measurement methods, the most useful – in terms of the accuracy of milk, protein and fat yield estimations – were models, in which milk recording is conducted once a month, only in the morning or afternoon. The application of such methods does not result in the deterioration of accuracy of milk recording for sheep and makes it possible to lower the costs connected with recording by approximately 50 %.