bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(229) EFFECTIVENESS OF PROSTATE W-POINT MASSAGE IN IMPROVING SYMPTOMS, PROMOTING ERECTION AND SEXUAL PLEASURE
Authors: Wang Q
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Prostate disease will have frequent micturition, urgency, endless urine, urine waiting, urine dripping, night urine increase, low back pain, poor sleep and other symptoms, serious can affect sexual function and physical and mental health.

Objective

Explore the three main benefits of the w-spot prostate massage (named after its w-like massage path): improving symptoms of prostate disease (inflammation or hyperplasia), promoting penile erection, and sexual pleasure.

Methods

1. Methods: 300 men aged 30-50 years with similar symptoms of prostate diseases were randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group only took medicine, the experimental group only took w-point massage, the second group was treated with drugs and w-point massage. W-point massage is twice a week. After 4 weeks, the degree of symptom improvement was analyzed. 2. Methods: a total of 200 patients aged 30-50 years with prostate erectile dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups, the three groups were treated with w-point massage of the prostate twice a week. After 4 weeks, the improvement of erectile function in the two groups was analyzed. 3. Method of experiment and Investigation: 100 healthy men between 30-50 years old were selected as experiment group, and massaged at w-point of prostate twice a week for 4 weeks.

Results

The mean value of symptom improvement was 43.32% (p < 0.05) in control group, 72.5% (p < 0.05) in experimental group I and 85.48% (p < 0.05) in experimental Group II. The erectile improvement rate was 36.8% (p < 0.05) in the control group and 76.94% (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. The incidence of sexual pleasure was 83.22% (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

1. Prostate w-point massage is effective in improving the symptoms of prostate diseases, promoting erection (erectile dysfunction caused by prostate diseases) and sexual pleasure. 2. No massage is allowed in the acute stage of prostate attack, prostate tumor and basic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, etc.

Disclosure

No.
(240) INTRA-VESICAL SPONTANEOUS RESERVOIR MIGRATION IN A 14 YEAR OLD INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESIS IMPLANT
Authors: Nardozza Jr. A , Cabrini MR
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation represents a cornerstone therapeutic modality for managing erectile dysfunction refractory to pharmacotherapy. While IPP procedures are generally safe and efficacious, spontaneous migration of the components of the device to adjacent tissues, albeit rare, have been documented in the literature. Despite the limited number of reported cases, the clinical implications of such occurrences underscore the importance of heightened vigilance and comprehensive understanding among prosthetist surgeons.

Objective

Our objective is to elucidate an exceptionally rare case of reservoir-related complication associated with infection, leading to surgical intervention, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding IPP procedures and associated complications.

Methods

We present the clinical case of a 74-year-old male with a history of erectile dysfunction after open radical prostatectomy, who underwent IPP placement approximately 14 years ago. The patient presented with complaints of mild penile discomfort and recurrent urinary tract infections, alongside maintained functionality of the penile prosthesis. Diagnostic imaging with computed tomography and cystoscopy confirmed the presence of the IPP reservoir within the bladder, precipitating the need for surgical intervention.

Results

While conservative management of extruded prosthetic components is a viable strategy outlined in the literature, the presence of infection poses a formidable challenge, rendering this approach unfeasible. Following confirmation of positive urinary culture results, the patient was admitted initiating targeted antibiotic therapy, and then underwent a comprehensive surgical approach, comprising midline laparotomy, midline bladder open for reservoir removal, meticulous double-layer cystorrhaphy, followed by complete removal of the other components of the device. Post-operatively, the patient was transitioned to vacuum therapy and after 45-day convalescent period, the patient underwent successful re-implantation of a penile prosthesis, followed by contralateral prefascial, ectopic repositioning of the reservoir.

Conclusions

This case serves as a reminder of the potential complications associated with IPP procedures, particularly the rare but important phenomenon of spontaneous reservoir migration. Although the prosthesis was working, explantation was necessary due to the presence of infection. The successful management of this clinical scenario underscores the critical importance of prompt diagnosis. Moreover, this case underscores the necessity for continued vigilance and exploration into alternative reservoir placement techniques, particularly among patients with a history of abdomino-pelvic surgery, who may be inherently predisposed to heightened risks of complications. We aim to enrich the understanding of IPP-related complications and contribute to the refinement of clinical practice of urological prosthetic surgery.

Disclosure

No.
(250) THE EFFECTS OF PRETREATMENT WITH XIAFLEX ON PENILE CURVATURE CORRECTION WITH MANUAL MODELING DURING AND AFTER IPP PLACEMENT
Authors: Atwater BL , Gross MS , Madden-Fuentes RJ
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There are a variety of treatment modalities available to treat Peyronie’s disease (PD), including collagenase clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex) injections. Patients with concomitant erectile dysfunction (ED) and PD are best served by insertion of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) in order to adequately treat both conditions. Many PD patients may undergo other PD treatments, including Xiaflex, prior to IPP implantation. Little data exists regarding whether Xiaflex treatments prior to IPP placement influence changes in penile curvature during and after IPP surgery with manual modeling.

Objective

The primary objectives were assessing the impact of pre-treatment with Xiaflex on penile curvature immediately after IPP implantation and after manual modeling. The secondary objective was change in penile curvature postoperatively.

Methods

All IPP patients with known preoperative penile curvature with and without a history of Xiaflex injections undergoing IPP placement by a single surgeon from January 2017 to June 2023 were included in this IRB-approved (IRB 00031589) retrospective series. All patients had a 3-piece Coloplast Titan Touch IPP (Coloplast, Minneapolis, MN, USA) ranging 16-24 cm in length (mean 19.8 ± 1.9 cm) with 0-3 cm rear tips (mean 1.4 ± 0.9 cm). Goniometer was used to assess curvature during preoperative intracavernosal injection and duplex Doppler ultrasound, at multiple points intraoperatively, and postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 6 months.

Results

Sixty-one patients were included. Preoperative curvature was 35° ± 17° (10° to 70°) for the Xiaflex cohort (n = 11) and 41° ± 15° (20° to 80°) for the Xiaflex naïve cohort (n = 50). At the time of IPP placement, patients previously treated with Xiaflex had a 19° ± 12° absolute reduction in penile curvatures, corresponding to a 45% ± 36% improvement, while Xiaflex naïve patients had a 20° ± 13° absolute reduction and 54% ± 23% improvement. Similar mean curvature reductions were seen with IPP placement regardless of curvature direction. There was little difference in change in curvature after modeling between the Xiaflex (11° ± 3°, 63% ± 23%) and Xiaflex naïve patients (14° ± 9°, 70% ± 20%). Interval assessments postoperatively were also comparable.

Conclusions

Preoperative treatment of PD with Xiaflex does not impede nor significantly improve curvature correction with IPP implantation and manual modeling. Similar changes in penile curvatures were seen in both groups regardless of curvature direction, modeling, or postoperative interval. In patients with severe PD, Xiaflex may be a useful tool to improve preoperative penile curvatures such that they may be more easily correctable with an IPP.

Disclosure

Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast, MenMD.
(271) LOW-INTENSITY SHOCKWAVE THERAPY – SHOULD WE INDICATE IN PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION UNRESPONSIVE TO IPDE5?
Authors: Alves L
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Low-intensity Shockwave Therapy (LiSWT) is a new option treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Like any new treatment, it initially generates a lot of curiosity and doubts, as it will be compared with pre-existing treatments, with results already established. But what to do when therapy first-line, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (iPDE%) do not work or stop work?

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the response to the use of LiSWT in patients who do not respond to iPDE 5.

Methods

The study was conducted prospectively, from January 2018 to January 2023. A total of 234 patients were followed, with ages ranging from 35 to 64 years. All complained of ED. The patients were evaluated initially through anamnesis and answered the IIEF questionnaire. All patients in the study were informed about the protocol of LiSWT. All patients signed an informed consent form. The patients included in the study had normal hormonal values The criteria for inclusion in the study were: erectile dysfunction for at least 6 months and have done with the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (tadalafil, sildenafil or vardenafil), without rigid erection, which we consider presenting the IIEF below 21 points. All patients of protocol underwent to six sessions of LiSWT, in seven consecutive days. The application of probe in the entire penile shaft and base of the penis, with 9000 pulses of focal ultrassonic shockwave device. All patients received 5 mg of tadalafil since the initial os study, according to the protocol.

Results

From total of 234 patients who underwent LiSWT, for the treatment of ED, due to organic causes, 191 patients (81.62%) reported improvement in the quality of erection, considered the initial IIEF, less than 17 points. These patients considered the quality of the erection sufficient for penetration, without manual help. (IIEF greater than 21) The results were collected after the last session and 90 days after the last session, 168 (71.79%) patients reported maintenance of penile rigidity sufficient for sexual intercourse.

Conclusions

LiSWT is an alternative treatment, with good results in groups of selected patients. It should be offered as a therapeutic alternative after use of unresponsive or partially responsive oral medication for ED New studies, with selected, randomized groups, should be carried out, to analyze through the time and number of patients submitted to this new treatment, which is a new and effective therapy against ED.

Disclosure

No.
(297) INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN THE PHYSICIAN’S DECISION TO PERFORM PENILE AESTHETIC ENHANCEMENT PROCEDURES ON PATIENTS WITH NORMAL DIMENSIONS: A BIOETHICAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Lins L
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The dissatisfaction with penis size is common among men, leading many to seek aesthetic procedures for penile enhancement. Although these procedures are increasingly performed, and despite the lack of solid scientific evidence on their long-term safety and efficacy, they raise important bioethical questions, especially when indicated for patients with normal genital dimensions.

Objective

To analyze the factors that influence the medical decision to perform penile girth enhancement procedures on patients with normal dimensions, exploring the associated bioethical implications, and contribute to generating literature and fostering reflection on this topic.

Methods

Given that this is the first work in the literature on the bioethical perspective of this procedure and, therefore, the absence of specific previous studies, it was decided to carry out a critical and interpretative revision of the existing literature on general aesthetics, which, although not specifically focused on penile enhancement, can be correlated with it in some aspects. The methodology included review of medical and bioethical literature.

Results

The results show that various factors can influence the medical decision, such as: patient demand, competition between professionals, social and cultural expectations, economic pressures, lack of ethical knowledge, and hyperspecialization.

Conclusions

The conclusion highlights that, although potential benefits may exist, it is crucial that physicians carefully evaluate the patients’ motivations, risks and benefits, following rigorous ethical principles. Clear guidelines and more research on the bioethical aspects are needed to guide medical practice responsibly in this type of intervention.

Disclosure

No.
(300) SEXUAL AND ERECTILE FUNCTION POST TRANS PERINEAL BIOPSY OF PROSTATE. A SINGLE CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Lia D , Bai M , Marshall D
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Trans-perineal (TP) biopsy of prostate is a procedure done to biopsy male patients who have either a raised prostatic sensitive antigen (PSA) or abnormal MRI prostate. The goal of procedure is to diagnose prostate cancer. This approach has recently become the most preferred option for getting tissue biopsy over transrectal Ultrasound biopsy of prostate (TRUS). Since 2020 our institute have been performing TP biopsies under local anaesthetic in clinic as we believe it is well tolerated and it reduces the burden on theatre resources. We do know that one of the risks of performing TP biopsy is transient erectile dysfunction (less than 5% men) post biopsy.

Objective

Our aim was to assess whether doing TP biopsies had an effect on sexual and erectile function at 1 month and 6 months after biopsy.

Methods

We only included men who are sexually active. During the 6 month period October 2020 – June 2021 we identified 76 patients eligible for study. Out of 76 patients 36 had agreed to participate in the study. 5 patients were excluded because they declined to participate beyond 1 month after biopsy or who proceeded to go for surgery/hormonal therapy/radiation therapy. 31 patients completed study and analysed. These 31 patients were given erectile function questionnaires – international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) at prebiopsy/one month/6 months and scores were compared to see if there was any difference in sexual function.

Results

Results show that out of 31 participants, 4 patients exhibited impaired sexual function at 1 month period. Out of those 4, 2 of the patients still exhibited impaired sexual function at 6 month period. Interestingly 1 patient who had no change in sexual function at the 1 month mark exhibited impaired sexual function at the 6 month mark.

Conclusions

Our study shows that although a small proportion of patients exhibit transient sexual function at 1 month, the procedure is a relatively safe method in diagnosing prostate cancer. A re-audit in the future would be ideal to see if our rates remain the same or not.

Disclosure

No.
(305) HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH WOMEN - WHAT TO IMPROVE?
Authors: Arantes R , Da Costa ML
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Women who have sex with women (WSW) represent a group of lesbian, bisexual and some who identify as heterossexual. In the primary health care, the WSW are invisible. They have low addherence to health care and are more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes. Studies demonstrate that lesbian/bisexual women have higher risk of cervical cancer, higher prevalence of substance abuse, have more diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mental ilnesses, multiple partners and undesirable pregnancies. A qualified listening/guidelines for the health specifities of these patients would reduce these problems.

Objective

Discuss the care and guidance of health professionals for WSW. Identify problems related to sex education and approaches of these professionals and present improvements in healthcare.

Methods

Sistematic review of articles including terms such as: WSW, gynecological care and mental care in PUBMED and Google scholar. Selected articles from 2015 until 2024 and that approach these three terms.

Results

Many WSW believe they have low risk of acquiring STIs, but researches suggest risk behaviors in partnerships and that female–female sexual contact can transmit STIs. WSW also go less to gynecologists and perform fewer preventive tests. In addition, they receive less guidance on prevention of STIs and are rarely asked about sexual orientation (SO) and when this occurs, they experience discriminatory situations and inadequate tests. Heteronormativity can be a barrier to health services. Professionals unprepared to know the specific demands provide events of lesbophobia and biphobia, accentuating the vulnerability imposed on them. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests direct questions without heteronormative assumptions - the 5 “P”s - to access sexual history: Partners, Practices, Protection for STIs and Pregnancy Prevention. It is the responsibility of health professionals to provide an inclusive environment, facilitating communication strategies. Recognizing the identity of a non-judgmental sexual minority can be therapeutic in itself, as it mitigates any anxiety due to alleged discrimination to be suffered, increases security and reaffirms that the professional is able to recommend centered health care, increasing the confidence and plausability of the patient to following the recommendations.

Conclusions

Professionals should be trained to feel comfortable discussing these topics and create a warm and safe environment. Studies with WSW are necessary to analyze the contingencies of health quality, sexual variability, use of narcotics and structural factors of inequalities, providing the facilitation of conversation about SO and expanding health care. Researchers, healthcare providers and governments must work together to meet the needs of this population’s care.

Disclosure

No.
(313) CHARACTERIZATION OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE PERFORMANCE IN MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Lemos C , Noffs S , Santos L , Ribeiro JV , Zambrana D , Nardozza Jr. A , Vasco M
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Weakness or impaired function of the pelvic floor muscles may be associated with erectile dysfunction. The muscles of the superficial layer of the perineum play a fundamental role in erection by compressing the emissary veins through the ischiocavernosus muscle, thus increasing penile rigidity. Although pelvic floor muscle training shows promise in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, little is known about the pelvic floor muscle performance in men with this condition.

Objective

To evaluate and characterize the performance of the pelvic floor muscles in men with erectile dysfunction.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a single public service center. A physical examination was carried out on men with a clinical diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. During the examination, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and pelvic floor performance were measured. The examiner graded the performance (P) of the contraction using the modified Oxford scale (0-5), by assessing the strength of the maximum voluntary contraction using one finger. All statistical and graphical analyses were carried out using RStudio.

Results

A total of 53 men underwent a physical examination. The clinical data for the sample revealed an average age of 59.36 years, an average BMI of 28.75, an average waist circumference of 102.1, and a median performance score of 3.0 with a mean of 3.2. In Table 1, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI, and waist circumference were shown for each performance level group. Fig. 1 displays the sample distribution for age, BMI, waist circumference, and performance. A Spearman’s rank test for correlation demonstrated the following associations: Age and Performance (rho = −0.02, p = 0.847), BMI and Performance (rho = −0.06, p = 0.626), and waist circumference and Performance (rho = 0.04, p = 0.771).

Conclusions

In this pilot study, our findings suggest that men with erectile dysfunction exhibit moderate contraction (Grade 3) to pelvic floor muscle.

Disclosure

No.
Derham on the Law of Set Off
Authors: Derham Rory
Published: December 2024

This volume has established itself as a leading authority in this developing area of law. Written thirteen years after the last edition, this new edition brings the book fully up to date considering the enactment of the Insolvency (England and Wales) Rules 2016, and continued developments in the case law. As in the previous editions, the book considers the principles of set-off from both an English and an Australian perspective. There have been some significant decisions by the Supreme Court, including Re Kaupthing Singer [2012] in relation to the rule in Cherry v Boultbee, Belmont Park Investments v BNY Corporate Trustee Services [2012] 1 AC 383 regarding fraud on the insolvency law, and Re Nortel GmbH [2014] AC 209 in relation to contingent statutory debts. In the Court of Appeal, Geldof Metaalconstructie v Simon Carves [2010] 4 All ER 847 was a significant decision in relation to equitable set-off. The book provides an authoritative commentary on the principles governing the law of set-off and is an essential guide for banking, finance, and insolvency lawyers worldwide.
Substantive Equitable Set-Off
Authors: Derham Rory
Published: December 2024

This chapter focuses on a substantive equitable set-off which is not confined to mutual debts. It explains that the form attracted considerable attention in recent years, and acknowledges that it is the most elusive and the most important among the various forms of equitable set-offs. The substantive nature of equitable set-off arises in correlation to the case of closely connected cross-claims operating as a true defence. The chapter then examines the traditional and new approaches to substantive equitable set-offs and the claims for equitable set-offs linked to debts or damages. It also looks into the application of equitable set-off in Australia
Claims Susceptible to Insolvency Set-Off
Authors: Derham Rory
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the claims susceptible to insolvency set-off and its respective application. It explains that the insolvency set-off provision requires that a creditor proving or claiming to prove a debt in the insolvency. In insolvent corporate groups, members of a group of companies provide guarantees supported by securities over the companies’ assets to a major credit to secure indebtedness. The chapter then looks into various categories of claims, such as presently existing debts and contingent debt owing to and by the insolvent. It also expounds on the contributory rule in accordance with section 79 of the Insolvency Act 1986.
Trust Funds
Authors: Derham Rory
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces the notion of trust funds. It primarily focuses on the obligation of a person who holds a fund impressed with a trust to account for the trust fund and may be the subject of a set-off against a debt owing to that person in his or her personal capacity. The general principle of insolvency set-off revolves around a beneficiary having a proprietary interest in the trust assets, that may destroy mutuality for a set-off. The chapter also considers the principles of set-off under the Statutes of Set-off wherein there is a lack of mutuality. It looks into the different considerations that apply in the case of equitable set-off.
Mutuality: Same Parties
Authors: Derham Rory
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the notion of same parties under mutuality. It explains that, in joint claims and liabilities, the requirement of same parties often arises in the context of joint debts and demands. The courts have been reluctant to depart from the principle that a joint demand and a separate demand may not be brought into account. However, there are several instances wherein a set-off has been allowed despite an apparent absence of strict mutuality. The chapter then cites that section 9 of the Partnership Act 1890 indicated what happens to the liability of a deceased partner to debts and assets.
On the implementation of Latin part-of-speech taggers in intertextuality analysis: TreeTagger, CLTK, Cracovia system, LatinCy, and ChatGPT compared
Authors: Wittweiler Michael , Schropp Franziska , Konrad Thomas E , Revellio Marie , Feichtinger Barbara
Published: December 2024

Digital-assisted intertextuality analysis often yields large amounts of results, many of which are irrelevant to researchers from a hermeneutic point of view. One strategy for minimizing these hermeneutically non meaningful findings is to apply a filter that sorts the results based on specified parts-of-speech. Building on Mare Revellio’s historical text-reuse grammar (HTRG) we demonstrate that an implementation of such a filter accommodating the hermeneutical context proves to be advantageous. We assessed the performance of various Latin part-of-speech (POS) taggers to refine our filtering process, using evaluation data on text congruencies from the Latin authors Virgil and Jerome. Among the Classical Language Toolkit, the TreeTagger, the Cracovia system, LatinCy, and ChatGPT, the Cracovia system surpassed the other taggers by approximately 2 percentage points in accuracy. While this tagger leverages transformer-based machine learning algorithms, the older, probabilistic-based TreeTagger demonstrated competitive performance. Although GPT-4 showed remarkable results, it still lags behind the state-of-the-art taggers for Latin. In order to build a powerful digital citation detection tool for intertextual relationships in ancient texts, the most accurate analysis of POS is crucial in filtering and evaluating valid citations.
From Spores to Suffering: Understanding the Role of Anthrax in Bioterrorism
Authors: Kanwar Ratnesh Singh , Gambhir Kirtida , Aggarwal Tanishka , Godiwal Akash , Bhadra Kuntal
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, stands as a formidable threat with both natural and bioterrorism-related implications. Its ability to afflict a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals, coupled with its potential use as a bioweapon, underscores the critical importance of understanding and advancing our capabilities to combat this infectious disease. In this context, exploring futuristic approaches becomes imperative, as they hold the promise of not only addressing current challenges but also ushering in a new era in anthrax management. This review delves into strategies to mitigate the impact of anthrax on global health and security, envisioning a future where our arsenal against anthrax is characterized by precision and adaptability.

Materials and methods

This article highlights the significant potential of anthrax as a bioweapon, while also highlighting current knowledge and strategies developed against this deadly pathogen. We have performed an extensive research and literature review in concordance with the criteria outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A search strategy was conducted by using numerous keywords on various academic databases, yielding an initial set of 546 records along with 80 supplementary articles. The search included research papers, review papers, perspectives, clinical guidelines, and scientific blogs. The primary and secondary screening of the articles were conducted by 2 independent reviewers along with a third reviewer mitigating any discrepancies and biases encountered during the process. A set of inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated, and a PICO framework was adapted based on which multiple records were analyzed and considered for the review.

Results

In total, 53 articles were selected after completing a comprehensive systematic literature review. This review proposes novel approaches and scientific analysis of the complexities surrounding anthrax in the context of bioterrorism, highlighting the emerging technologies and strategies employed for bioterrorism mitigation.

Conclusions

The upcoming advancements in anthrax research will be based on cutting-edge technologies and innovative approaches that demonstrate great potential for prevention, detection, and treatment. These advancements may include the incorporation of synthetic biology techniques such as precise manipulation of biological components, nanoscale diagnostics, and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based technologies, which could revolutionize our ability to combat anthrax on a molecular level. As these progressive methodologies continue to evolve, the integration of these technologies has the potential to redefine our strategies against anthrax, providing more accurate, personalized, and adaptable approaches to address the challenges posed by this infectious threat.
Glucocorticoid sparing effect on adalimumab for refractory pyoderma gangrenosum in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case series
Authors: Ohmura Shin-ichiro , Morishita Naomi , Yonezawa Haruka , Yukishima Toshitaka , Ohkubo Yusuke
Published: December 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare chronic skin disease characterized by painful skin ulcers. There are no treatment guidelines for PG; however, systemic treatment is often administered. Recently, adalimumab (ADA), a fully human monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor, was approved for the treatment of refractory PG in Japan. However, data are limited, and it is not clear whether ADA has the same effect on the treatment of PG in patients with systemic rheumatic disease (SRD), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, the glucocorticoid-sparing effect of ADA in SRD patients with PG has not yet been clarified. Herein, we present two successful cases of RA with glucocorticoid-refractory PG on ADA treatment. Our report suggests that ADA may have a glucocorticoid-sparing effect on refractory PG in patients with RA.
An autopsy of a patient with polyarteritis nodosa who developed fatal intestinal perforation accompanied by systemic multiple aneurysms and arterial thrombosis
Authors: Tsugita Nao , Miyagawa Ippei , Ueno Masanobu , Takahashi Miyabi , Kosaka Shumpei , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: December 2024

The patient was a 48-year-old man who had developed acute myocardial infarction 3 years earlier. He started experiencing recurrent attacks of abdominal pain 2 years earlier. One month before the presentation, he developed perforative peritonitis, which was treated with right hemicolectomy. Preoperative computed tomography revealed systemic thrombotic aneurysms and fibrinoid necrotising vasculitis was detected in the vessels of the serosa of the resected intestinal specimen. These findings led to a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Despite the start of remission induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoid and intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide, the effect of immunosuppressive therapy was limited. Approximately 1 month after treatment initiation, he died from small intestinal perforation. Polyarteritis nodosa often exhibits nonspecific clinical symptoms, which make an early diagnosis difficult in some cases. Although the prognosis depends on the presence of ischaemic lesions due to a ruptured aneurysm or intra-aneurysmal thrombi, it is not rare for the diagnosis to be made following acute myocardial infarction or acute abdominal pain. In young patients with iscahemic organ dysfunction without any arteriosclerotic lesions at low risk of developing cardiovascular events, early diagnosis can be made by performing a whole-body examination with a differential diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa.
IsopretGO—analysing and visualizing the functional consequences of differential splicing
Authors: Karlebach Guy , Hansen Peter , Köhler Kristin , Robinson Peter N
Published: December 2024

Gene Ontology overrepresentation analysis (GO-ORA) is a standard approach towards characterizing salient functional characteristics of sets of differentially expressed genes (DGE) in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments. GO-ORA compares the distribution of GO annotations of the DGE to that of all genes or all expressed genes. This approach has not been available to characterize differential alternative splicing (DAS). Here, we introduce a desktop application called isopretGO for visualizing the functional implications of DGE and DAS that leverages our previously published machine-learning predictions of GO annotations for individual isoforms. We show based on an analysis of 100 RNA-seq datasets that DAS and DGE frequently have starkly different functional profiles. We present an example that shows how isopretGO can be used to identify functional shifts in RNA-seq data that can be attributed to differential splicing.
High-affinity A/T-rich DNA binding with a dimeric bisbenzamidine
Authors: Bouzada David , Paul Ananya , Sánchez Mateo I , Domínguez-Asenjo Bárbara , Lence Emilio , Melle-Franco Manuel , Ardá Ana , Barreiro-Piñeiro Natalia , Penas Cristina , Gómez-González Jacobo , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , Moreno Javier , González-Bello Concepción , Wilson W David , Mascareñas José L , Vázquez M Eugenio
Published: December 2024

A bisbenzamidine DNA binding agent can be easily dimerized by alkylation of its terminal amidine groups to afford an extended minor groove binder with over 20-fold enhanced DNA affinity towards extended A/T-rich sites. NMR experiments in combination with molecular dynamics simulation studies provide structural insight into the insertion of this compound in the DNA minor groove, and antimicrobial assays demonstrate that the increased affinity translates into higher antileishmanial activity.
Chemical transformation of polyurethane into valuable polymers
Authors: Sun Bo , Zou Jiawei , Qiu Weijie , Tian Shuheng , Wang Maolin , Tang Haoyi , Wang Baotieliang , Luan Shifang , Tang Xiaoyan , Wang Meng , Ma Ding
Published: December 2024

Polyurethanes are an important class of synthetic polymers, widely used in a variety of applications ranging from everyday items to advanced tools in societal infrastructure. Their inherent cross-linked structure imparts exceptional durability and flexibility, yet this also complicates their degradation and recycling. Here we report a heterogeneous catalytic process that combines methanolysis and hydrogenation with a CO2/H2 reaction medium, effectively breaking down PU waste consisting of urethane and ester bonds into valuable intermediates like aromatic diamines and lactones. These intermediates are then converted into functional polymers: polyimide (PI), noted for its exceptional thermal and electrical insulation, and polylactone (P(BL-co-CL)), a biodegradable alternative to traditional plastics. Both polymers exhibit enhanced performance compared to existing commercial products. This approach not only contributes to the valorization of plastic waste but also opens new avenues for the creation of high-performance materials.
Dramatic switchable polarities in conduction type and self-driven photocurrent of BiI3 via pressure engineering
Authors: Yue Lei , Tian Fuyu , Liu Ran , Li Zonglun , Li Ruixin , Li Chenyi , Li Yanchun , Yang Dongliang , Li Xiaodong , Li Quanjun , Zhang Lijun , Liu Bingbing
Published: December 2024

The intentional manipulation of carrier characteristics serves as a fundamental principle underlying various energy-related and optoelectronic semiconductor technologies. However, achieving switchable and reversible control of the polarity within a single material to design optimized devices remains a significant challenge. Herein, we successfully achieved dramatic reversible p–n switching during the semiconductor‒semiconductor phase transition in BiI3 via pressure, accompanied by a substantial improvement in their photoelectric properties. Carrier polarity flipping was monitored by measuring the photocurrent dominated by the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect in a zero-bias two-terminal device. Accompanying the p–n transition, a switch between positive and negative photocurrents was observed in BiI3, providing a feasible method to determine the conduction type of materials via photoelectric measurements. Furthermore, the combined effects of the photoconductivity and PTE mechanism improved the photoresponse and extended the detection bandwidth to encompass the optical communication waveband (1650 nm) under an external bias. The remarkable photoelectric properties were attributed to the enhanced energy band dispersion and increased charge density of BiI3 under pressure. These findings highlight the effective and flexible modulation of carrier properties through pressure engineering and provide a foundation for designing and implementing multifunctional logic circuits and optoelectronic devices.
Local charge homogenization strategy enables ultra-high voltage tolerance of polyether electrolytes for 4.7 V lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wu Yuanlong , Luo Piao , Su Kexin , Yu Mao , Song Xin , Huang Lianzhan , Zhang Shaocong , Song Huiyu , Du Li , Liu Weishu , Cui Zhiming
Published: December 2024

In-situ fabricated polyether electrolytes have been regarded as one of the most promising solid electrolyte systems. Nevertheless, they cannot match high-voltage cathodes over 4.3 V due to their poor oxidative stability. Herein, we propose an effective local charge homogenization strategy based on the triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) crosslinker, achieving ultra-high-voltage electrochemical stability of polyether electrolytes (viz. PTIDOL) at cutoff voltages up to 4.7 V. The introduction of TGIC optimizes the Li+ solvation environment, thereby homogenizing the charge distribution at ether oxygen (EO) sites, resulting in significantly enhanced oxidative stability of the polyether main chain. Consequently, the Li|PTIDOL|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cell achieves long-term operation at an ultra-high cutoff voltage with a capacity retention of 81.8% after 400 cycles, one of the best results reported for polyether electrolytes to date. This work provides significant insights for the development of polyether electrolytes with high-voltage tolerance and the advancement of high-energy-density batteries.
Determination of the Hamiltonian from the Equations of Motion with Illustration from Examples
Authors: Lee Chung-Ru
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the determination of a Hamiltonian from given equations of motion. It can be cast into a problem of matrix factorization after reinterpretation of the system as first-order evolutionary equations in the phase space coordinates. We state the criterion on the evolution matrix for a Hamiltonian to exist. In addition, the proof is constructive and an explicit Hamiltonian with accompanied symplectic structure can be obtained. As an application, we will study a few classes of dynamical systems for illustration.
Perception of recurrence risk in patients with IgG4-related disease: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Yu Kai , Gao Hui , Liu Shibo , Yao Haihong , Wang Xiaoqing , Luo Chenghua , Guo Qian , Shi Yuexian
Published: December 2024

Objective

About 40% of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) patients face recurrence, severely impacting their quality of life. We aimed to explore the characteristics of the perception of recurrence risk in patients with IgG4-RD.

Methods

A qualitative study design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Fourteen patients with IgG4-RD were recruited via purposive sampling, including six patients with first onset and eight patients experiencing recurrence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, and transcripts were analysed by two independent researchers using Colaizzi’s descriptive analysis framework. The COREQ checklist was followed.

Results

Data analysis identified nine subthemes falling into four themes: (a) perception of differential susceptibility to recurrence; (b) perception of crucial recurrence risk factors; (c) perception of recurrence warning signs and medical behaviours; (d) perception of multiple recurrence outcomes. We found that susceptibility perception formed the basis of recurrence risk perception. For patients with first onset, the main manifestations were misconception or evasion of the risk of recurrence, whereas patients experienced recurrence demonstrated a clear perception of recurrence risk and feelings of fear. Based on this, other themes emerged.

Conclusions

Since the absence of accurate knowledge related to recurrence, the perception of recurrence risk in patients with IgG4-RD primarily manifested as misconception, evasion or feeling fear. Ultimately, they couldn’t take appropriate actions to prevent recurrence. Healthcare professionals should develop comprehensive interventions for patients with IgG4-RD, integrating health education, disease consultation and psychological support, with the aim of enhancing awareness of recurrence risk and empowering them to manage their conditions in the long term.
Prevailing predatory publishing: a critical evaluation of publications from Pakistan’s physical education and sport science domains
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Perveen Nargis
Published: December 2024

This study critically examined the increasing threat of predatory publications in academia, revealing how researchers at Pakistan’s Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) take advantage of this trend for academic gains. We examined the widespread trend of predatory publishing for Pakistani public and private HEIs, explicitly focusing on Physical Education and Sports Sciences (PESS). We carefully analysed a collection of (345) international articles from 48 faculty members of 26 HEIs (21 Public + 5 Private) until March 2024 extending by July 2024. We excluded 95 articles unrecognized by Pakistan’s Higher Education Commission (HEC) plus 11 undecided publications. Our results revealed that 214 (89.53%) of 239 so-called recognized international papers were published in hijacked/predatory journals. The authenticity of publications was determined by checking the HEC, Elsevier’s Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases, respectively. Leading predatory publications, the University of Punjab from the public sector has 108 contributions from 5 PESS faculty members with no recognized articles. The University of Lahore, from the private sector, has 104 predatory contributions by 4 PESS faculty members with only two recognized articles. Among all Pakistani universities, PESS researchers from Government College University Lahore won the lead for (15 of 28) recognized research paper contributions with no predatory publication. Predatory publishing affects the credibility of the researchers engaged, posing a threat to the nation’s scientific reputation in the PESS arena. We suggest immediate policy initiatives to address this unethical practice and stress the need to maintain research integrity.
Blood pressure changes during methotrexate treatment: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial among patients with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Cui Jing , Ridker Paul M , Solomon Daniel H
Published: December 2024

Objective

Low-dose MTX (LD-MTX) has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with systemic rheumatic diseases but not among the general population. Prior reports suggest that LD-MTX may reduce blood pressure (BP). We studied the effect of LD-MTX on BP.

Method

We examined data that compared LD-MTX to placebo in a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial conducted among patients who had known CVD but without rheumatic disease. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) were collected as vital sign measurements at each scheduled study visit during 5 years of follow-up. Longitudinal SBP and DBP were compared between patients of LD-MTX and placebo arms using a linear mixed model.

Result

Data were used from 2391 patients randomized to LD-MTX and 2395 to placebo, with a mean follow-up of 26 months. At baseline, SBP and DBP were normally distributed with similar medians [SBP: 128 mmHg (IQR 118–139), DBP: 74 mmHg (IQR 67–80)] between patients from both treatment groups; 93% patients reported at baseline using at least one type of medication for hypertension. After treatment, compared with placebo, the estimated differences in changes of SBP and DBP in the LD-MTX group were <1 mm (SBP: β = –0.75 mmHg, 95% CI –0.02 to –1.49; DBP: β = –0.56 mmHg, 95% CI –0.12 to –1.01).

Conclusion

Patients randomized to LD-MTX without systemic rheumatic disease had no clinically meaningful difference in BP compared with placebo.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT 01594333.
Neutron dose estimation by 24Na measurements in the triage of exposed individuals after criticality accidents: a case study of the Tokaimura criticality accident
Authors: Kowatari Munehiko , Kurihara Osamu
Published: December 2024

We investigated the neutron dose estimation for the triage of personnel involved in criticality accidents by conducting 24Na measurements via the whole-body measurement method. For a case study, we examined the September 1999 Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co. criticality accident (internationally known as “the Tokaimura accident”). We investigated the neutron-induced radionuclides produced in worker C’s body due to the irradiation of the primary pulse. A total of 87 radionuclides were identified, with activities ranging from 1.3 × 10−19 Bq to 6.9 × 106 Bq for worker C by Monte Carlo simulations. The radionuclide with the highest activity was revealed by calculation results: 28Al (t1/2 = 2.2 min) 6.9 × 106 Bq. The specific activity of 38Cl reached a level that was three times that of 24Na. These radionuclides would severely affect the 24Na measurement in the whole-body measurements performed in the immediate post-accident period. Spectrometry would be preferable for determining 24Na specific activities by whole-body measurements at accident sites.
Coordinated social interactions are supported by integrated neural representations
Authors: Formica Silvia , Brass Marcel
Published: December 2024

Joint actions are defined as coordinated interactions of two or more agents toward a shared goal, often requiring different and complementary individual contributions. However, how humans can successfully act together without the interfering effects of observing incongruent movements is still largely unknown. It has been proposed that interpersonal predictive processes are at play to allow the formation of a Dyadic Motor Plan, encompassing both agents’ shares. Yet, direct empirical support for such an integrated motor plan is still limited. In this study, we aimed at testing the properties of these anticipated representations. We collected electroencephalography data while human participants (N = 36; 27 females) drew shapes simultaneously to a virtual partner, in two social contexts: either they had to synchronize and act jointly or they performed the movements alongside, but independently. We adopted a multivariate approach to show that the social context influenced how the upcoming action of the partner is anticipated during the interval preceding the movement. We found evidence that acting jointly induces an encoding of the partner’s action that is strongly intertwined with the participant’s action, supporting the hypothesis of an integrative motor plan in joint but not in parallel actions.