bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable network emulation on analog neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Arnold Elias , Spilger Philipp , Straub Jan V. , Müller Eric , Dold Dominik , Meoni Gabriele , Schemmel Johannes
Published: February 2025

We present a novel software feature for the BrainScaleS-2 accelerated neuromorphic platform that facilitates the partitioned emulation of large-scale spiking neural networks. This approach is well suited for deep spiking neural networks and allows for sequential model emulation on undersized neuromorphic resources if the largest recurrent subnetwork and the required neuron fan-in fit on the substrate. We demonstrate the training of two deep spiking neural network models—using the MNIST and EuroSAT datasets—that exceed the physical size constraints of a single-chip BrainScaleS-2 system. The ability to emulate and train networks larger than the substrate provides a pathway for accurate performance evaluation in planned or scaled systems, ultimately advancing the development and understanding of large-scale models and neuromorphic computing architectures.
A short investigation of the effect of the selection of human brain atlases on the performance of ASD's classification models
Authors: Khan Naseer Ahmed , Shang Xuequn
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of brain atlas selection on the classification accuracy of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) models using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data. Brain atlases, such as AAL, CC200, Harvard-Oxford, and Yeo 7/17, are used to define regions of interest (ROIs) for fMRI analysis and play a crucial role in enabling researchers to study connectivity patterns and neural dynamics in ASD patients. Through a systematic review, we examined the performance of different atlases in various machine-learning and deep-learning frameworks for ASD classification. The results reveal that atlas selection significantly affects classification accuracy, with denser atlases, such as CC400, providing higher granularity, whereas coarser atlases such as AAL, offer computational efficiency. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamics of combining multiple atlases to enhance feature extraction and explore the implications of atlas selection across diverse datasets. Our findings emphasize the need for standardized approaches to atlas selection and highlight future research directions, including the integration of novel atlases, advanced data augmentation techniques, and end-to-end deep-learning models. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing fMRI-based ASD diagnosis and underscores the importance of interpreting atlas-specific features for an improved understanding of brain connectivity in ASD.
A composite improved attention convolutional network for motor imagery EEG classification
Authors: Liao Wenzhe , Miao Zipeng , Liang Shuaibo , Zhang Linyan , Li Chen
Published: February 2025

Introduction

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology that aims to establish a direct communication pathway between the human brain and external devices. Motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) signals are analyzed to infer users’ intentions during motor imagery. These signals hold potential for applications in rehabilitation training and device control. However, the classification accuracy of MI-EEG signals remains a key challenge for the development of BCI technology.

Methods

This paper proposes a composite improved attention convolutional network (CIACNet) for MI-EEG signals classification. CIACNet utilizes a dual-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract rich temporal features, an improved convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to enhance feature extraction, temporal convolutional network (TCN) to capture advanced temporal features, and multi-level feature concatenation for more comprehensive feature representation.

Results

The CIACNet model performs well on both the BCI IV-2a and BCI IV-2b datasets, achieving accuracies of 85.15 and 90.05%, respectively, with a kappa score of 0.80 on both datasets. These results indicate that the CIACNet model’s classification performance exceeds that of four other comparative models.

Conclusion

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CIACNet model has strong classification capabilities and low time cost. Removing one or more blocks results in a decline in the overall performance of the model, indicating that each block within the model makes a significant contribution to its overall effectiveness. These results demonstrate the ability of the CIACNet model to reduce time costs and improve performance in motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) systems, while also highlighting its practical applicability.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide plays a role in neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders: sex-specific perspective
Authors: Van Doorn Catherine E. , Zelows Mikala M. , Jaramillo Anel A.
Published: February 2025

The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) plays a pivotal role in regulating stress, fear, and anxiety responses. Genetic and molecular studies investigating PACAP demonstrate sex-dimorphic characteristics, with females exhibiting increased reactivity of PACAP signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies expand the role of PACAP to substance use disorders (SUD) by demonstrating modulation of PACAP can lead to neurobiological changes induced by nicotine, ethanol, stimulants and opioids. Given that females with SUD exhibit distinct drug use, relapse, and withdrawal sensitivity relative to males, we hypothesize that the PACAP system contributes to these sex-specific differences. Therefore, we review the role of PACAP in SUD by characterizing the role of PACAP at the molecular, brain regional, and behavioral levels relevant to the addiction cycle. We present literature linking PACAP to neuropsychiatric disorders, which demonstrate the intricate role of PACAP within neuronal signaling and pathways modulating addiction. We hypothesize that females are more particularly susceptible to PACAP-related changes during the intoxication and withdrawal phases of the addiction cycle. Altogether understanding the sex-specific differences in the PACAP system offers a foundation for future studies aimed at developing tailored interventions for addressing SUD.
GPCRs in hypothalamic neurons and their roles in controlling food intake and metabolism
Authors: Qiu Tian , Fu Ou
Published: February 2025

G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes within the hypothalamus play a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis, particularly in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. This review provides an overview of classical loss and gain-of-function studies on GPCRs related to feeding and metabolism, with a focus on emerging cell-type-specific investigations. These studies reveal that diverse GPCR-expressing neuronal populations are intricately linked to feeding and energy balance. We also discuss recent findings that highlight the interaction of distinct peptide-GPCR systems in modulating complex feeding behaviors.
Validation of the Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale against flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale
Authors: Milewska Magdalena , Jamroz Barbara , Panczyk Mariusz , Chmielewska-Walczak Joanna , Czernicki Tomasz , Dabrowska-Bender Marta , Folwarski Marcin , Szostak-Wegierek Dorota
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is a widely used instrument for assessing oral intake in dysphagic patients. Despite its frequent use, a validated version for the Polish population has been lacking.

Methods

This study aimed to validate the Polish adaptation of FOIS (FOIS-PL) by examining its concordance with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) outcomes and the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Functional Diet Scale (IDDSI-FDS) scores across patients with diverse clinical profiles. The primary outcome measures included the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score from FEES, pharyngeal residue quantification, and IDDSI-FDS scores. A total of 302 participants with varying clinical conditions were recruited. The cohort included individuals with head and neck malignancies, cerebrovascular incidents, neuromuscular disorders, and other dysphagia aetiologies.

Results

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those post-thyroidectomy consistently exhibited oral food intake with a FOIS-PL score of ≥5. A strong inverse correlation was found between FOIS-PL scores and PAS scores (rho = −0.739; p < 0.001), indicating that reduced oral intake was associated with increased penetration or aspiration risk. Significant differences in FOIS-PL scores were evident across patient subgroups stratified by PAS severity (PAS ≤ 2, PAS 3–5, PAS > 5) and IDDSI levels. Lower FOIS-PL scores corresponded with more impaired swallowing safety (PAS > 5). The median FOISPL score was 5 for individuals with pharyngeal residue and 6 for those without (p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability between evaluations conducted by a dietitian (FOIS I) and a speech-language pathologist (FOIS II) demonstrated high consistency (tau = 0.995; p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations between FOIS-PL and IDDSI-FDS scores (FOIS I vs. IDDSI-FDS I: tau = 0.819; p < 0.001; FOIS II vs. IDDSI-FDS II: tau = 0.815; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Polish version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-PL) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing oral intake in dysphagia. The findings demonstrate high accuracy, reliability, and validity, supporting its use across diverse clinical conditions.
Research hotspots and frontiers in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: a bibliometric study from 2014 to 2024
Authors: He Xinran , Xie Tingyi , Shi Li , Kuang Xuyi , Li Lei , Shang Xingyu , Fu Bo
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally, which poses a heavy burden on our healthcare and economy. In recent years, increasing researches suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences cancer onset, progression, metastasis, and treatment. This has become a popular direction for researching and attacking cancer. However, to date, there is no bibliometric analysis of colorectal cancer and tumor microenvironment from 2014 to 2024. This study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current research status, hotspots, and future trends in this field from a bibliometric perspective.

Methods

In this study, the publications about colorectal cancer and tumor microenvironment from 2014 to 2024 were searched based on the Web of Science Core Collection database. Then we analyzed and visualized the data using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, bibliometrix package, and Microsoft Excel 2019.

Results

A total of 748 publications were included in our study, and the number of publications entered a period of rapid growth after 2019. China and the United States are the major research and collaboration centers in this field. Elkord, Eyad is the most prolific author, and Frontiers in Immunology is the journal that published the most papers on the TME of CRC. In addition, keyword and cluster analysis showed that immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophage polarization, intestinal microbiota, colorectal cancer liver metastasis, drug resistance, scRNA-seq, etc. may be the research hotspots and trends in this field.

Conclusions

Colorectal cancer and tumor microenvironment research is in the developmental stage, and strengthening international cooperation can help to drive this field forward. The main components and signaling in TME, CRC immunotherapy, colorectal cancer liver metastasis, and new research techniques are the hot research directions in this domain. Our findings will provide scholars with an up-to-date perspective on the current state of research, hotspots, and future trends in this field.
Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations
Authors: Calabritto Maria , Mininni Alba N. , Di Biase Roberto , Petrozza Angelo , Summerer Stephan , Cellini Francesco , Dichio Bartolomeo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Kiwifruit species have a relatively high rate of root oxygen consumption, making them very vulnerable to low root zone oxygen concentrations resulting from soil waterlogging. Recently, kiwifruit rootstocks have been increasingly used to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and crop performance under adverse conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morpho-physiological changes in kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations under short-term waterlogging stress.

Methods

A pot trial was conducted at the ALSIA PhenoLab, part of the Phen-Italy infrastructures, using non-destructive RGB and NIR image-based analysis and physiological measurements to identify waterlogging stress indicators and more tolerant genotypes. Three pot-grown kiwifruit rootstocks (‘Bounty 71,’ Actinidia macrosperma—B; ‘D1,’ Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa—D; and ‘Hayward,’ A. chinensis var. deliciosa—H) and grafting combinations, with a yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar (‘Zesy 002,’ A. chinensis var. chinensis) grafted on each rootstock (Z/B, Z/D, Z/H), were subjected to a control irrigation treatment (WW), restoring their daily water consumption, and to a 9-day waterlogging stress (WL), based on substrate saturation. Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic activity, leaf temperature, RGB, and NIR data were collected during waterlogging stress.

Results

Stomatal conductance and transpiration reached very low values (less than 0.05 mol m−2 s−1 and 1 mmol m−2 s−1, respectively) in both waterlogged D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations. In turn, leaf temperature was significantly increased and photosynthesis was reduced (1–6 μmol m−2 s−1) from the first days of waterlogging stress compared to B rootstock and combination.

Discussion

The B rootstock showed prolonged leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic activity, indicating that it can cope with short-term and temporary waterlogging and improve the tolerance of grafted kiwi vines, which showed a decrease in stomatal conductance 5 days after the onset of stress. Morphometric and colorimetric parameters from the image-based analysis confirmed the greater susceptibility of D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations to waterlogging stress compared to B. The results presented confirm the role of physiological measurements and enhance that of RGB and NIR images in detecting the occurrence of water stress and identifying more tolerant genotypes in kiwifruit.
Exploring identity in coaching – insights into coaches’ understanding and approach
Authors: Lazarus Alex
Published: February 2025

Responding to a growing focus on identity within academia and the shifting socio-economic landscape, this study investigates the role of identity in executive coaching. Given identity’s complexity, its impact on human thriving, and its critical role in HRD, this research examines how coaches perceive, engage with, and address identity-related issues. Specifically, it explores how coaches navigate these issues without a standard theoretical framework, aiming to fill notable gaps in the literature on identity coaching and its methods. A qualitative, experiential approach was adopted, with purposive sampling used to select 14 experienced executive coaches from the United Kingdom, United States, and New Zealand. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews conducted over three weeks, followed by inductive thematic analysis, allowing key themes to emerge organically from participants’ insights. The analysis revealed five primary themes shaping coaches’ work with identity: the importance of a whole-person approach, identity’s central role in coaching, the coach as an instrument, methods and tools employed, and implications for coach education. While most coaches favoured an “inside-out” approach, emphasising the coachee’s self-concept and identity dynamics, they noted challenges in defining identity consistently, often shaped by their own experiences. Furthermore, while viewing this level of coaching as transformational, many also highlighted potential risks inherent in deep identity work, including unintended impacts on coachees’ personal lives. Ultimately, the findings underscore significant gaps in identity-related coaching frameworks and training, highlighting the need for more systematic approaches to addressing identity issues. To meet these challenges, the study recommends developing comprehensive resources and training to equip coaches for effective identity coaching practices.
Parenting styles and externalizing problem behaviors of preschoolers: mediation through self-control abilities and emotional management skills
Authors: WenLi Zhang , Tiemei Xu , Shuangqi Li , Qun Yu , Jingbo Zhu , Sijie Sun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The detection rate of externalizing problem behaviors among Chinese children has been increasing year by year. Before the age of six, the problem behaviors that appear in children are predominantly externalizing problem behaviors. Family is the starting point for children's socialization. Although some studies have explored the impact of parenting styles on children's externalizing problem behaviors, only a few have explored the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship.

Methods

This study attempts to fill this gap by investigating how self-control abilities and emotional management skills mediate the relationship between parenting styles and preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. Here, teachers and parents of 799 preschoolers from China were surveyed.

Results

The findings of this investigation are 3-fold: (1) a significant association exists between the parenting styles adopted by parents and externalizing problem behaviors observed among preschoolers; (2) self-control abilities and emotional management skills independently mediate the associations between parenting styles and children's externalizing problem behaviors, highlighting their roles as mediators; and (3) sequential mediation of self-control abilities and emotional management skills elucidates a pathway through which parenting styles impact preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors.

Discussion

This study clarified the relationship between parenting styles, externalizing problem behaviors of preschoolers, self-control abilities, and emotional management skills to provide a theoretical basis for solving the externalizing problem behaviors of preschoolers.
Need for cognition, academic self-efficacy and parental education predict the intention to go to college—evidence from a multigroup study
Authors: Kramer Lina , Lüdtke Stefanie , Freund Philipp Alexander
Published: February 2025

Academic success is not solely the result of cognitive ability. There is evidence that traits such as students' need for cognition (NFC) and self-efficacy beliefs influence academic success. Beyond cognitive ability and personal traits, social background constitutes an important factor. Students from academic households are (still) much more likely to pursue an academic degree than their peers from non-academic households. Past research on traits and beliefs relevant in (higher) education has focused on academic success, but only to a limited extent on its direct precursor: the decision to pursue an academic degree. This study aims to investigate NFC and academic self-efficacy (ASE) as positive predictors of students' intentions to go to college, with consideration of students' generational status regarding academic education. Results based on survey data from 1,389 German high school students provide evidence for positive relationships between NFC, ASE, and study intention, with ASE acting as a mediator of NFC's effect. Our analyses also investigate the effects of NFC and ASE on study intentions for students from academic as compared to students from non-academic households via multigroup analyses.
Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning
Authors: Liberal Unai , Rodríguez Gabriel , Nogueiras Paula , Nelson James Byron , Hall Geoffrey
Published: February 2025

Latent inhibition refers to the retardation in learning an association between a target stimulus and an outcome when the target stimulus has been pre-exposed in the absence of consequences. The inhibitory properties of latent inhibitors have been the subject of controversy, as standard latent inhibition training—consisting of pre-exposure to the target stimulus alone—does not provide the latent inhibitor with the ability to pass a summation test, a key criterion for demonstrating genuine inhibition. However, previous research with animals has shown that a specific pre-exposure procedure, in which the target stimulus (A) is presented in compound with successive novel stimuli (An1, An2, An3…), can endow the target with sufficient inhibitory properties to pass both retardation and summation tests. To examine whether this phenomenon generalizes to humans, we conducted two experiments using a video game-based conditioning paradigm. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this compound pre-exposure schedule enhanced the retardation effect compared to standard pre-exposure or control conditions. Experiment 2 revealed that the target stimulus pre-exposed with novel stimuli significantly reduced responding when tested in compound with an excitatory conditioned stimulus, thus passing the summation test. These results suggest that compound pre-exposure facilitates the acquisition of inhibitory properties in humans, consistent with findings from animal studies. The findings are discussed within the framework of Hall-Rodríguez model, emphasizing the role of expectancy violation during pre-exposure in strengthening inhibitory associations. Implications for clinical applications, particularly in enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, are also considered.
Sense of belonging and its positive association with physical activity levels and negative association with sedentary behaviors in residential aged care facilities in COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Marchant Gonzalo , Guillet-Descas Emma , Heutte Natacha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced physical activity levels and increased sedentary behavior among older adults in residential care facilities. Another effect of this crisis was that facilitating a sense of social belonging through in-person social activities, such as group exercises or communal meals, became difficult. This study examines the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sense of social belonging in older adults.

Methods

This longitudinal study, which lasted 10 months, involved 57 older adults in residential care facilities. Participants completed the Échelle de mesure du Sentiment d’Appartenance Sociale (ESAS) questionnaire three times and wore an accelerometer on their waists for 1 week each time to measure sedentary time and physical activity levels. The ESAS questionnaire, a validated tool for evaluating social belonging in older adults, measures social belonging through a series of questions that assess an individual’s feelings of acceptance and intimacy within their social group.

Results

Participants were predominantly sedentary (7.30 h/day) and engaged in low-intensity physical activities (2.9 h/day). They did not meet the recommended 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The sense of social belonging was high, with mean scores of 6.75 (ESAS), 7.08 (Acceptance), and 6.43 (Intimacy). Light physical activity was negatively associated with sedentary time. The sense of social belonging was positively associated with light physical activity and negatively correlated to sedentary time.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of light physical activity and a sense of social belonging in reducing sedentary behavior among older adults in residential care facilities. By promoting social interactions and light physical activity, we can enhance the well-being of this population, especially during pandemic conditions. The study’s findings should inspire future interventions to focus on these aspects, thereby improving health outcomes in residential care facilities for older adults.
Connections between job satisfaction and depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses
Authors: Buivydienė Agnė , Rapolienė Lolita , Truš Marija , Jakavonytė-Akstinienė Agnė
Published: February 2025

Introduction

As a cornerstone of overall wellbeing, mental health significantly influences job satisfaction, vital for employee retention and organizational success. Recognizing this, managers prioritize initiatives to enhance job satisfaction and promote a healthy, productive work environment.

Aims

The study aims to explore the connections between depression, anxiety, stress, and job satisfaction among nurses, providing insights to improve their wellbeing and retention in the profession.

Methods

This quantitative survey study was conducted from June to September 2024, involving 643 nurses from healthcare facilities in Klaipėda County. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) and the Paul Spector Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29.0.1.0.

Results

The study found that while the average levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among nurses were within normal limits, a significant portion of participants exhibited compromised mental health. Nearly one-third of the nurses experienced stress and/or depression, and almost half reported anxiety. Over one-sixth of the participants experienced high or very high levels of anxiety, while severe depression or stress was less common. Factors such as years of experience, workload, and work schedule were identified as significant influences on nurses’ psychoemotional state. Moderate to strong positive correlations were observed between depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, the nurses’ mental health was statistically significantly and negatively associated with most components of job satisfaction.

Conclusion

Despite average levels of depression, anxiety, and stress being within normal limits, many nurses face significant mental health challenges, particularly anxiety. Factors like workload and work schedules strongly influence their wellbeing. The negative link between mental health and job satisfaction highlights the need for better support to improve nurses’ wellbeing and job satisfaction.
People with symptoms of depression and those at significant risk of suicide show differences in their personality profile and sense of meaning in life
Authors: Deska Kacper , Mirocha Grzegorz , Bąk Bartłomiej , Mirgos-Wierzchowska Anna , Kosmalski Marcin , Różycka-Kosmalska Monika , Pietras Tadeusz
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Medical students are exposed to various stressors. Among the many factors that determine the possibility of a mental crisis, there is also a personality profile and a sense of meaning in life.

Materials and methods

Sets of anonymous surveys were distributed among medical students of different years studying at the Medical University of Lodz. The set of surveys included a sociodemographic survey, Beck’s Depression Inventory version II (BDI-II), the NEO Five Factory Inventory (NEO-FFI), Reker’s Life Attitude Profile - Revised questionnaire (LAP-R), Osman’s Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R).

Results

The study cohort comprised of 276 students (mean age 21.7 years). According to the BDI-II, 79 participants (28.4%) were identified as having depressive symptoms. Additionally, 80 participants (28.9%) were assessed to be at significant risk of suicide according to the SBQ-R scale. Based on the results of these questionnaires, we identified four groups: 1. Participants with depressive symptoms (D). 2. Participants with suicide risk (SR), 3. Participants with both depressive symptoms with suicide risk (D and SR), 4. A control group. Students from D and D and SR groups, exhibited higher neuroticism scores compared to those with suicide risk alone (SR) and the control group. In terms of extroversion, the control and SR groups scored higher compared to the D with SR group. Participants with SR and those with D and SR had higher openness scores compared to the D and control groups. D and SR group obtained statistical lower score then control group in the terms of conscientiousness. In life control score, participants in D and D with SR group has significant lower score then SR and control group. The conditions: personal meaning index and life attitude balance in the control group achieved significantly higher values compared to all other groups.

Conclusion

People with depressive symptoms, suicide risk and both of these variables simultaneously differed in terms of personality profile and components influencing the meaning of life.
Sleep deficiencies and suicidal ideation across the psychosis continuum
Authors: Wastler Heather M. , Blouin Alexandra M. , Kilicoglu Melissa F. V. , Bozzay Melanie
Published: February 2025

Objective

Sleep deficiency, a broad term that encompasses sleep disorder symptoms and other aspects of disturbed sleep, is an established risk factor for suicide. Although several studies have examined the relationship between sleep, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among individuals with psychotic disorders, few studies have focused on the early stages of illness. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between sleep deficiencies, recent suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicidal behavior across the psychosis continuum.

Method

A retrospective chart review was used to obtain relevant data for individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), and individuals with longstanding illness.

Results

Results indicate that sleep deficiencies are prevalent across all stages of illness, though individuals at CHR-P have significantly higher rates of sleep deficiency than individuals with FEP and longstanding psychosis. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between sleep deficiencies and suicidal ideation across the entire sample.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to clarify the specific nature of these sleep deficiencies and to elucidate the mechanisms by which sleep deficiencies might increase risk for suicide in this population.
Ethical dilemmas in the care of patients suffering from psychotic catatonia: a case report
Authors: Saccaro Luigi F. , Privé Barbara , D’Imperio Ambra , Bridel Claire , Sentissi Othman , Wullschleger Alexandre
Published: February 2025

Background

Coercive measures in psychiatric practice are controversial due to their potential for severe negative effects. Ethical debates focus on respecting autonomy, minimizing damaging effects, and acting in the patient’s best interest.

Case

We present a unique case of a young patient suffering from a first episode of catatonic psychosis, in which striking this balance was especially difficult given the patient’s complete mutism and opposition, given the absence of immediate danger to herself or others, the lack of anamnestic information, and her avoidance of social support, which would have meant that she would not have encountered psychiatric care, were it not for an exceptional government plan in place at the time of hospitalization. The patient showed a very favorable, persistent response to nonvoluntary treatment with haloperidol and lorazepam, which could be discussed and debriefed once she recovered, after almost 5 months of hospitalization and follow-up.

Discussion

Arguments for and against nonvoluntary treatment are reviewed based on discussion with the local ethics committee, providing a useful reference for future similar cases. Finally, this case highlights an atypical onset of psychosis in a previously high-functioning individual and explores the mental health impact of international tensions, particularly the Russian-Ukrainian war, on individuals.
In the liminal realm: Qatar's world cup struggle between tradition, modernity, and human rights
Authors: Al-Thani Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This paper examines Qatar's 2022 World Cup through the lens of liminality, presenting the intricate interplay between tradition, modernity, and human rights. By introducing liminality as an analytical tool, the paper explores how Qatar navigates traditional norms amidst global scrutiny, particularly concerning human rights issues such as migrant labour practices and cultural contestations around human rights. Employing liminality as a conceptual framework, this analysis offers a nuanced understanding of Qatar's endeavour to balance cultural authenticity with international expectations. I reveal why Qatar utilised the transient phase to implement reforms to its social and legal systems, aligning with international human rights while ensuring changes were akin with its cultural identity. The paper highlights the transient nature of change during the liminal phase of sport mega-events, emphasising both the opportunities and challenges presented for changes in Qatar. The paper unpacks Qatar continued navigation in the global stage as an extension of the initial liminal phase, demonstrating its engagements with processes of change and adaptation. The World Cup is a prime example that exposes the dual nature of sport mega events, serving as a springboard for social change, while also revealing underlying cultural and structural tensions. I conclude that Qatar utilised this liminal phase as a rite of passage, enabling the nation to traverse the terrain of modernity while testing the permeability of its cultural boundaries.
Physiological and productivity responses of Tahiti acid lime grafted onto dwarfing rootstocks under different planting and mulching practices
Authors: de Souza Ana Júlia Borim , Cristofani-Yaly Mariângela , da Conceição Patrícia Marluci , Devite Fernando Trevizan , Bastianel Marinês , Romero Paulo Vitor Sanches , Padilha Pedro Henrique Barrio , de Azevedo Fernando Alves
Published: February 2025

Tahiti lime is one of the most exported fruits in Brazil, and the state of São Paulo accounts for more than half of the country’s fruit production, and drought in the region is a growing concern as rainfall distribution has become increasingly unpredictable. Therefore, identifying the best varieties and management strategies for citrus groves has become a subject of increasing research. This experiment was conducted at the “Sylvio Moreira” Citrus Center, Brazil; the experiment focused on different planting and mulching practices and scion-rootstock combinations. Two planting/management types were tested: (i) conventional tillage – CT (no mulch in the citrus row) and no-tillage – NT (mulch maintained in the citrus row), using Urochloa ruziziensis as an intercrop. Six grafts x rootstocks were tested: Tahiti acid IACC 5, IAC 10, and BRS IAC EECB Ponta Firme grafted onto two dwarf rootstocks: trifoliate orange IAC 718 Flying Dragon and citrandarin IAC 3152 Itajobi. Over three harvests (2022–2024), this study evaluated foliar nutrition, fruit quality, root development, water potential, gas exchange, water deficit biomarkers, and overall yield. No-tillage significantly improved vital performance indicators compared to conventional tillage. Plants managed with NT exhibited superior root development, greater water uptake, and greater leaf water potential. They also showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, leading to higher yields and improved fruit quality, particularly in juice yield and soluble solids/acidity ratio. The IAC 3152 Itajobi rootstock demonstrated remarkable resilience to drought stress, outperforming Flying Dragon in root development and physiological metrics. NT promoted healthier root systems and more robust plant growth. In contrast, conventional tillage led to poorer root growth, lower nutrient uptake, and increased disease susceptibility due to soil exposure and reduced water infiltration. Despite these challenges, 3,152 rootstock maintained active physiological responses such as gas exchange and/or water potential, especially with the Firm Tip graft. In conclusion, the integration of dwarf rootstocks with NT practices offers a viable strategy to increase the sustainability and productivity. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate scion-rootstock combinations and adopting sustainable management practices to improve resilience to environmental stress and optimize fruit yield and quality.
Blockchain technology adoption strategies for the shipping costs bearer in the fresh product supply chain
Authors: Zhang Weisi , Wu Lin , Ji Lulu
Published: February 2025

Fresh products are characterized by a certain deterioration rate, and the fresh supply chain typically relies on third-party cold chain logistics companies (3PLs) for transportation. This study constructs a fresh supply chain composed of supplier, retailer, and third-party cold chain logistics company, where shipping costs are borne by either the supplier or the retailer. The shipping costs bearer considers whether to adopt blockchain technology to enhance the transparency of fresh logistics and improve consumers’ perceived value. Using game theory, the paper attempts to explore who should bear the shipping costs (supplier or retailer), clarifying the shipping costs bear’s blockchain adoption strategy. The results indicate that: First, the 3PL’s profit is negatively correlated with the research and development (R&D) cost coefficient of carbon emission reduction (CER) and the deterioration rate of fresh products, while it is positively correlated with consumer low-carbon preferences. When the R&D cost coefficient of CER is high, or the deterioration rate of fresh products is low, or consumer low-carbon preferences are low, the 3PL prefers RCB model, otherwise SNB model. Additionally, the 3PL’s carbon reduction level is higher when blockchain technology is adopted, especially with low R&D cost coefficient of CER and high consumer low-carbon preferences. Second, regarding who should bear the shipping costs, when blockchain technology is not adopted, it is optimal for the supplier to bear the shipping costs, maximizing the overall profit of the supply chain. In contrast, when blockchain technology is adopted, having the retailer bear the shipping costs maximizes the overall profit of the supply chain. Specifically, when the R&D cost coefficient of CER is high, regardless of blockchain adoption, the supplier bearing the shipping costs maximizes the overall profit of the supply chain. Finally, concerning whether the bearer should invest in blockchain technology, when the R&D cost coefficient of CER is low and consumer low-carbon preferences are high, adopting blockchain technology leads to Pareto optimal profits for both the supplier and the retailer, regardless of who bears the shipping costs. This study provides a decision framework for optimizing cost allocation and technology adoption in sustainable cold chain management, particularly relevant for perishable goods with short shelf lives.
Evaluation of Grape Pomace Supplementation in Lamb Diets to Mitigate Haemonchus contortus Infection
Authors: Mena Mateus O. , Trevise Gustavo G. O. , Silva Thais N. R. , Moellmann Victor M. , Bassetto César C. , Gatti Bruno S. , Louvandini Helder , Soutello Ricardo V. G. , Albuquerque Ana C. A. , Amarante Alessandro F. T.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits and feasibility of adding dried and ground grape pomace to the concentrate fed to lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen male Santa Inês lambs, recently weaned, were housed in individual pens and were allocated into two groups based on their body weight. The lambs in the supplemented group (n = 9) initially received a diet composed of 50% ground hay and 50% concentrate. Subsequently, these animals were gradually adapted to grape pomace until its final inclusion in the concentrate reached 20%. The lambs in the control group received a concentrate without grape pomace. Both groups of lambs were artificially infected with 4000 infective larvae of H. contortus, and 28 days later, the lambs were euthanized for quantification of the nematodes present in the abomasum. The following variables showed no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the groups: worm burden, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, blood eosinophil count, and daily weight gain. Regarding anti-Haemonchus IgG plasma levels, there was a significant time * treatment interaction (p = 0.0099) with higher values in the supplemented group. At the two final samplings, the supplemented group showed significantly lower values of eggs per gram of feces than the control group (p < 0.05). The supplemented group showed female worms shorter and with less eggs in utero than those of the control group, with significant difference for these variables (p < 0.05). In conclusion, grape pomace can be included in the diet, as it promotes more sustainable animal production, and, additionally, it can cause a reduction in H. contortus fecundity, benefiting haemonchosis prophylaxis.
Assessing the Technical Efficiency of Rice Producers in the Parsa District of Nepal
Authors: Rauniyar Puruswattam Bahadur , Kim Jonghwa
Published: February 2025

Rice is one of the primary staple foods in Nepal, and there has been a notable increase in the production of this crop over the past ten years. Nonetheless, there appears to be a growing tendency to import rice. The plain region (Terai) of Nepal produces more than two-thirds of the country’s total rice output, with the highest productivity found in Madhesh Province. However, because of the limited knowledge regarding the technical aspects of rice production, commercial rice growers are facing challenges in using resources to produce output as effectively as possible. There is a pressing need to maximize production based on a limited number of inputs. Thus, this study aimed to examine the technical efficiency of rice farmers and the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Parsa district of Nepal. This study area is the major domain of the Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP), which supports farmers with necessary agricultural inputs, infrastructure development, and innovative practices. Data were collected from 215 rice farmers using multistage purposive sampling and were subjected to a Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that rice producers had a technical efficiency of 0.862. Age and off-farm activities were found to significantly influence the technical efficiency of rice farmers. The technical efficiency of rice producers could be enhanced using a project approach, such as the PMAMP. It is important for the government to implement innovations and technologies in farms with the participation of older farmers because their ability to adapt to novel techniques and technologies is better than that of young farmers. Youth generally prefer off-farm employment opportunities, so domestic investment in agriculture should be promoted to make this sector more appealing. Further, policies and programs focusing on pooling small rice fields and subsidizing the price of tractors will help improve the yield of rice.
Identified Candidate Genes of Semen Trait in Three Pig Breeds Through Weighted GWAS and Multi-Tissue Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Xu Zhiting , Lin Qing , Gao Yahui , Qiu Xiaotian , Li Jiaqi , Xie Shuihua
Published: February 2025

High-quality semen is an essential factor for the success of artificial insemination, and revealing the genetic structure of pig semen traits helps improve semen quality. This study aimed to identify candidate genes associated with semen traits in three pig breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) through weighted GWAS and multi-tissue transcriptome analysis. In this study, to identify candidate genes associated with semen traits in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire, we performed weighted GWAS in four traits (sperm motility, sperm progressive motility, sperm abnormality rate, and total sperm count) using 936 pigs and multi-tissue transcriptome analysis using 34 tissues RNA-seq data of 5457 pigs from FarmGTEx. It was found that 16, 9, and 12 significant SNPs associated with semen traits were identified in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire, with corresponding 7, 5, and 7 candidate genes in these three breeds, respectively, which may be involved in mammal spermatogenesis, testicular function, and male fertility. Moreover, we not only found the same candidate gene DNAI2 as in previous studies but also found two new candidate genes PNLDC1 and RSPH3, which were identified simultaneously in both Landrace and Yorkshire. By integrating the GWAS and multi-tissue transcriptome analysis results, we found that candidate genes associated with semen traits of three pig breeds were highly expressed in the testis tissue. The three genotypes of rs320928244 had significant effects on the expression of the DYNLT1 gene in the testis tissue of Landrace. These results together showed that these candidate genes were mainly related to sperm motility defects. This study helps deepen the understanding of the genetic basis of semen traits and provides a theoretical foundation for improving the semen quality of Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire breeds.
Traceability of Surgical Instruments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fayad Moustafa , Yahiaoui Réda , Auber Frédéric , Pidoux Hervé , Hild Olivier , Picaud Fabien , Herlem Guillaume , Chaussy Yann
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study provides a comprehensive global overview of surgical instrument traceability systems and accentuates their growing importance in healthcare. Background: Surgical instruments pose risks to patient safety, economic costs, logistical challenges, and environmental impact. The increasing focus on instrument traceability reflects its potential to address these issues. Methods: We performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, analyzing articles from 2000 to 2023 across five digital libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE, ACM, Google Scholar). Our review concentrated on traceability systems’ lifecycle for reusable and sterile surgical instruments. Results: Out of 7189 articles retrieved, 22 were selected for evaluation, and only 6 were considered relevant after a thorough examination. These studies mainly deployed Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. They enhance patient safety, reduce environmental impact, improve economic efficiency, and optimize logistics. Additionally, these systems encourage more responsible surgical practices. Conclusions: Our study underscores the limited applied research in this field and discusses system architectures and performance metrics. It proposes future research directions, including the development of public databases, integration of automation, and investment in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision to improve traceability and risk analysis.