bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple yet effective analysis of waveguide mode symmetry: generalized eigenvalue approach based on Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Guo Wenfei , Wu Yantao , Xiong Zhongfei , Jing Yuhao , Chen Yuntian
Published: September 2022

Particular waveguide structures and refractive index distribution can lead to specified degeneracy of eigenmodes. To obtain an accurate understanding of this phenomenon, we propose a simple yet effective approach, i.e., generalized eigenvalue approach based on Maxwell’s equations, for the analysis of waveguide mode symmetry. In this method, Maxwell’s equations are reformulated into generalized eigenvalue problems. The waveguide eigenmodes are completely determined by the generalized eigenvalue problem given by two matrices (M, N), where M is 6 × 6 waveguide Hamiltonian and N is a constant singular matrix. Close examination shows that N usually commute with the corresponding matrix of a certain symmetry operation, thus the waveguide eigenmode symmetry is essentially determined by M, in contrast to the tedious and complex procedure given in the previous work [Opt. Express 25, 29822 (2017)10.1364/OE.25.029822]. Based on this new approach, we discuss several symmetry operations and the corresponding symmetries including chiral, parity-time reversal, rotation symmetry, wherein the constraints of symmetry requirements on material parameters are derived in a much simpler way. In several waveguides with balanced gain and loss, anisotropy, and geometrical symmetry, the analysis of waveguide mode symmetry based on our simple yet effective approach is consistent with previous results, and shows perfect agreement with full-wave simulations.
Photonic-layer secure 56 Gb/s PAM4 optical communication based on common noise driven synchronous private temporal phase en/decryption
Authors: Gao Zhensen , Liao Lei , Su Biao , Wu Qiongqiong , Gao Xulin , Fu Songnian , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: September 2022

Achieving photonic layer security at the lowest network layer to supplement the upper layer digital cryptography in fiber-optic networks is a constant pursuit but a critical challenge. In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-speed photonic-layer secure optical communication system based on a novel, to the best of our knowledge, common noise driven synchronous private temporal phase en/decryption scheme, which is capable of supporting high-order modulation formats and enhancing security. A record high bit rate of 56 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) confidential signal is successfully encrypted and decrypted by remotely synchronized private noise-like en/decryption signals after secret transmission over 20 km of optical fiber with a bit-error-rate (BER) lower than the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit. The demonstrated scheme may provide a promising way for future ultrahigh-speed photonic-layer secure optical communication.
Mid-infrared photoluminescence revealing internal quantum efficiency enhancement of type-I and type-II InAs core/shell nanowires
Authors: Chen Xiren , Alradhi H. , Jin Zh. M. , Zhu Liangqing , Sanchez A. M. , Ma Shufang , Zhuang Qiandong , Shao Jun
Published: September 2022

Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is an important figure of merit for photoelectric applications. While the InAs core/shell (c/s) nanowire (NW) is a promising solution for efficient quantum emission, the relationship between the IQE and shell coating remains unclear. This Letter reports mid-infrared PL measurements on InAs/InGaAs, InAs/AlSb, and InAs/GaSb c/s NWs, together with bare InAs NWs as a reference. Analyses show that the IQE is depressed by a shell coating at 9 K but gets improved by up to approximately 50% for the InGaAs shell coating at 40 –140 K and up to approximately 20% beyond 110 K for the AlSb shell. The effect is ascribed not only to the crystal quality but more importantly to the radial band alignment. The result indicates the high-temperature IQE improvement of the type-I and type-II c/s NWs and the appropriateness of the mid-infrared PL analyses for narrow-gap NW evaluation.
Heterogeneous run-and-tumble motion accounts for transient non-Gaussian super-diffusion in haematopoietic multi-potent progenitor cells
Authors: Partridge Benjamin , Gonzalez Anton Sara , Khorshed Reema , Adams George , Pospori Constandina , Lo Celso Cristina , Lee Chiu Fan
Published: September 2022

Multi-potent progenitor (MPP) cells act as a key intermediary step between haematopoietic stem cells and the entirety of the mature blood cell system. Their eventual fate determination is thought to be achieved through migration in and out of spatially distinct niches. Here we first analyze statistically MPP cell trajectory data obtained from a series of long time-course 3D in vivo imaging experiments on irradiated mouse calvaria, and report that MPPs display transient super-diffusion with apparent non-Gaussian displacement distributions. Second, we explain these experimental findings using a run-and-tumble model of cell motion which incorporates the observed dynamical heterogeneity of the MPPs. Third, we use our model to extrapolate the dynamics to time-periods currently inaccessible experimentally, which enables us to quantitatively estimate the time and length scales at which super-diffusion transitions to Fickian diffusion. Our work sheds light on the potential importance of motility in early haematopoietic progenitor function.
Improving the accuracy of fatty liver index to reflect liver fat content with predictive regression modelling
Authors: Asaturyan Hykoush A. , Basty Nicolas , Thanaj Marjola , Whitcher Brandon , Thomas E. Louise , Bell Jimmy D.
Published: September 2022

Background

The fatty liver index (FLI) is frequently used as a non-invasive clinical marker for research, prognostic and diagnostic purposes. It is also used to stratify individuals with hepatic steatosis such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to detect the presence of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The FLI is calculated using a combination of anthropometric and blood biochemical variables; however, it reportedly excludes 8.5-16.7% of individuals with NAFLD. Moreover, the FLI cannot quantitatively predict liver fat, which might otherwise render an improved diagnosis and assessment of fatty liver, particularly in longitudinal studies. We propose FLI+ using predictive regression modelling, an improved index reflecting liver fat content that integrates 12 routinely-measured variables, including the original FLI.

Methods and findings

We evaluated FLI+ on a dataset from the UK Biobank containing 28,796 individual estimates of proton density fat fraction derived from magnetic resonance imaging across normal to severe levels and interpolated to align with the original FLI range. The results obtained for FLI+ outperform the original FLI by delivering a lower mean absolute error by approximately 47%, a lower standard deviation by approximately 20%, and an increased adjusted R2statistic by approximately 49%, reflecting a more accurate representation of liver fat content.

Conclusions

Our proposed model predicting FLI+ has the potential to improve diagnosis and provide a more accurate stratification than FLI between absent, mild, moderate and severe levels of hepatic steatosis.
High self-paternity levels and effects of fertilised-seed number on size of strawberry fruit
Authors: Kämper Wiebke , Dung Cao Dinh , Ogbourne Steven M. , Wallace Helen M. , Trueman Stephen J.
Published: September 2022

Cross-pollination can increase fruit production in both self-incompatible and self-compatible fruit crops. However, it is often unclear what proportions of the fruit crop result from cross-pollination. We quantified the proportion of cross-pollinated seeds and the proportion of fertilised seeds in two strawberry cultivars, Red Rhapsody and Sundrench, at increasing distances from a cross-pollen source. We assessed whether fully self-pollinated fruit and partly cross-pollinated fruit differed in fruit size, colour, firmness, Brix and acidity. We also assessed whether fruit size and quality were affected by the number or percentage of fertilised seeds. Almost all seeds of both cultivars resulted from self-pollination (~98%), even at only 1 m from a cross-pollen source. Distance from a cross-pollen source did not affect the proportion of partly cross-pollinated fruit or the proportion of cross-pollinated seeds per fruit. The mass and diameter of fully self-pollinated Sundrench fruit, and the redness and Brix of fully self-pollinated Red Rhapsody fruit, were higher than partly cross-pollinated fruit. Fruit mass, length and diameter increased, and acidity decreased, with increasing numbers of fertilised seeds in both cultivars. Fruit mass also increased with the percentage of fertilised seeds. Our results show that cross-pollination was not required for Red Rhapsody and Sundrench fruit production, and that cross-pollination was a rare occurrence even close to cross pollen source. Self-pollen deposition on stigmas is required to maximise the number of fertilised seeds, and consequently fruit size and quality. Our research indicates that bees improve strawberry fruit size by increasing the number of stigmas that receive pollen. Our results suggest that placing bee hives on strawberry farms during flowering and establishing nearby pollinator habitat to support wild pollinators could improve strawberry yield and fruit quality.
The genomic landscape of canine osteosarcoma cell lines reveals conserved structural complexity and pathway alterations
Authors: Megquier Kate , Turner-Maier Jason , Morrill Kathleen , Li Xue , Johnson Jeremy , Karlsson Elinor K. , London Cheryl A. , Gardner Heather L.
Published: September 2022

The characterization of immortalized canine osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines used for research has historically been based on phenotypic features such as cellular morphology and expression of bone specific markers. With the increasing use of these cell lines to investigate novel therapeutic approaches prior toin vivotranslation, a much more detailed understanding regarding the genomic landscape of these lines is required to ensure accurate interpretation of findings. Here we report the first whole genome characterization of eight canine OS cell lines, including single nucleotide variants, copy number variants and other structural variants. Many alterations previously characterized in primary canine OS tissue were observed in these cell lines, includingTP53mutations,MYCcopy number gains, loss ofCDKN2A,PTEN,DLG2,MAGI2, andRB1and structural variants involvingSETD2,DLG2andDMD. These data provide a new framework for understanding how best to incorporatein vitrofindings generated using these cell lines into the design of future clinical studies involving dogs with spontaneous OS.
Center point to pose: Multiple views 3D human pose estimation for multi-person
Authors: Liu Huan , Wu Jian , He Rui
Published: September 2022

3D human pose estimation has always been an important task in computer vision, especially in crowded scenes where multiple people interact with each other. There are many state-of-the-arts for object detection based on single view. However, recovering the location of people is complicated in crowded and occluded scenes due to the lack of depth information for single view, which is the lack of robustness. Multi-view Human Pose Estimation for Multi-Person became an effective approach. The previous multi-view 3D human pose estimation method can be attributed to a strategy to associate the joints of the same person from 2D pose estimation. However, the incompleteness and noise of the 2D pose are inevitable. In addition, how to associate the joints itself is challenging. To solve this issue, we propose a CTP (Center Point to Pose) network based on multi-view which directly operates in the 3D space. The 2D joint features in all cameras are projected into 3D voxel space. Our CTP network regresses the center of one person as the location, and the 3D bounding box as the activity area of one person. Then our CTP network estimates detailed 3D pose for each bounding box. Besides, our CTP network is Non-Maximum Suppression free at the stage of regressing the center of one person, which makes it more efficient and simpler. Our method outperforms competitively on several public datasets which shows the efficacy of our center point to pose network representation.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perceived risk among pregnant and non-pregnant adults in Cameroon, Africa
Authors: Gunawardhana Nuwan , Baecher Kendall , Boutwell Alexander , Pekwarake Seraphine , Kifem Mirabelle , Ngong Mary Glory , Fondzeyuf Anthony , Halle-Ekane Gregory , Mbah Rahel , Tih Pius , Dionne-Odom Jodie , Tebit Denis M.
Published: September 2022

Background

The public health response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has varied widely by region. In Africa, uptake of effective COVID-19 vaccines has been limited by accessibility and vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to compare perceptions of COVID-19 infection and vaccination between pregnant women and non-pregnant adults in four regions of Cameroon, located in Central Africa.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at urban and suburban hospital facilities in Cameroon. Participants were randomly selected from a convenience sample of adult pregnant and non-pregnant adults in outpatient clinical settings between June 1stand July 14th, 2021. A confidential survey was administered in person by trained research nurses after obtaining written informed consent. Participants were asked about self-reported sociodemographics, medical comorbidities, perceptions of COVID-19 infection, and vaccination. Descriptive statistics were used for survey responses and univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were created to explore factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptability.

Results

Fewer than one-third of participants were interested in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (31%, 257/835) and rates did not differ by pregnancy status. Overall, 43% of participants doubted vaccine efficacy, and 85% stated that the vaccine available in Africa was less effective than vaccine available in Europe. Factors independently associated with vaccine acceptability included having children (aOR = 1.5; p = 0.04) and higher education (aOR = 1.6 for secondary school vs primary/none; p = 0.03). Perceived risks of vaccination ranged from death (33%) to fetal harm (31%) to genetic changes (1%). Health care professionals were cited as the most trusted source for health information (82%, n = 681).

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and misinformation in Cameroon was highly prevalent among pregnant and non-pregnant adults in 2021 while vaccine was available but not recommended for use in pregnancy. Based on study findings, consistent public health messaging from medical professionals about vaccine safety and efficacy and local production of vaccine are likely to improve acceptability.
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance by RT-qPCR-based pool testing of saliva swabs (lollipop method) at primary and special schools—A pilot study on feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Kästner Anika , Lücker Petra , Sombetzki Martina , Ehmke Manja , Koslowski Nicole , Mittmann Swantje , Hannich Arne , Schwarz Antje , Meinck Kristian , Schmeyers Lena , Schmidt Katrin , Reisinger Emil C. , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Background

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have been mentally and physically burdened, particularly due to school closures, with an associated loss of learning. Therefore, efficient testing strategies with high sensitivity are necessary to keep schools open. Apart from individual rapid antigen testing, various methods have been investigated, such as PCR-based pool-testing of nasopharyngeal swabs, gargle, or saliva samples. To date, previous validation studies have found the PCR-based saliva swab pool testing method to be an effective screening method, however, the acceptability and feasibility of a widespread implementation in the school-setting among stakeholders has not been comprehensively evaluated.

Methods

In this pilot study, SARS-CoV-2 saliva swab pool testing of up to 15 swabs per pool was conducted in ten primary and special schools in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, over a period of one month. Thereafter, parents, teachers and school principals of the participating schools as well as the participating laboratories were surveyed about the feasibility and acceptability of this method, its large-scale implementation and challenges. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results

During the study period, 1,630 saliva swab pools were analyzed, of which 22 tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (1.3%). A total ofN= 315 participants took part in the survey. Across all groups, the saliva swab pool testing method was perceived as more child-friendly (>87%), convenient (>82%), and easier (>81%) compared to rapid antigen testing by an anterior nasal swab. Over 80% of all participants favored widespread, regular use of the saliva swab method.

Conclusion

In school settings in particular, a high acceptability of the test method is crucial for a successful SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategy. All respondents clearly preferred the saliva swab method, which can be used safely without complications in children six years of age and older. Hurdles and suggestions for improvement of an area-wide implementation were outlined.
Transit facility allocation: Hybrid quantum-classical optimization
Authors: Gabbassov Einar
Published: September 2022

An essential consideration in urban transit facility planning is service efficiency and accessibility. Previous research has shown that reducing the number of facilities along a route may increase efficiency but decrease accessibility. Striking a balance between these two is a critical consideration in transit planning. Transit facility consolidation is a cost-effective way to improve the quality of service by strategically determining the desirable allocation of a limited number of facilities. This paper develops an optimization framework that integrates Geographical Information systems (GIS), decision-making analysis, and quantum technologies for addressing the problem of facility consolidation. Our proposed framework includes a novel mathematical model that captures non-linear interactions between facilities and surrounding demand nodes, inter-facility competition, ridership demand and spatial coverage. The developed model can harness the power of quantum effects such as superposition and quantum tunnelling and enables transportation planners to utilize the most recent hardware solutions such as quantum and digital annealers, coherent Ising Machines and gate-based universal quantum computers. This study presents a real-world application of the framework to the public transit facility redundancy problem in the British Columbia Vancouver metropolitan area. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by reducing the number of facilities by 40% while maintaining the same service accessibility. Additionally, we showcase the ability of the proposed mathematical model to take advantage of quantum annealing and classical optimization techniques.
Reovirus uses temporospatial compartmentalization to orchestrate core versus outercapsid assembly
Authors: Kniert Justine , dos Santos Theodore , Eaton Heather E. , Jung Cho Woo , Plummer Greg , Shmulevitz Maya
Published: September 2022

Reoviridae virus family members, such as mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus), encounter a unique challenge during replication. To hide the dsRNA from host recognition, the genome remains encapsidated in transcriptionally active proteinaceous core capsids that transcribe and release +RNA. De novo +RNAs and core proteins must repeatedly assemble into new progeny cores in order to logarithmically amplify replication. Reoviruses also produce outercapsid (OC) proteins μ1, σ3 and σ1 that assemble onto cores to create highly stable infectious full virions. Current models of reovirus replication position amplification of transcriptionally-active cores and assembly of infectious virions in shared factories, but we hypothesized that since assembly of OC proteins would halt core amplification, OC assembly is somehow regulated. Kinetic analysis of virus +RNA production, core versus OC protein expression, and core particles versus whole virus particle accumulation, indicated that assembly of OC proteins onto core particles was temporally delayed. All viral RNAs and proteins were made simultaneously, eliminating the possibility that delayed OC RNAs or proteins account for delayed OC assembly. High resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that core amplification occurred early during infection at peripheral core-only factories, while all OC proteins associated with lipid droplets (LDs) that coalesced near the nucleus in a μ1–dependent manner. Core-only factories transitioned towards the nucleus despite cycloheximide-mediated halting of new protein expression, while new core-only factories developed in the periphery. As infection progressed, OC assembly occurred at LD-and nuclear-proximal factories. Silencing of OC μ1 expression with siRNAs led to large factories that remained further from the nucleus, implicating μ1 in the transition to perinuclear factories. Moreover, late during infection, +RNA pools largely contributed to the production of de-novo viral proteins and fully-assembled infectious viruses. Altogether the results suggest an advanced model of reovirus replication with spatiotemporal segregation of core amplification, OC complexes and fully assembled virions.
Seroprevalence and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North and Beqaa governorates of Lebanon
Authors: Khalife Sara , Moubayed Sara , Mitri Rosy , Geitani Regina , El Safadi Dima
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that affects both humans and animals, leading to abortions and significant clinical manifestations in pregnant and immunocompromised hosts, in addition to massive economic losses in animal industries. Data from Lebanon are scarce regarding the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in livestock. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the associated risk factors of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats in Lebanon.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2020 to April 2021. Blood samples from 150 sheep and 145 goats (total 295) destined for human consumption were obtained from 20 Lebanese farms located in the North and Beqaa governorates. The anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies were assayed through means of a modified agglutination test with a cutoff titer of 20.

Results: An overall seroprevalence of 48.5% (143/295) was reported: About 56.6% seroprevalence was found in sheep (85/150) and 40% (58/145) in goats. Adult age, female gender, and the wet season were significantly associated with an increased seropositivity rate of T. gondii infection (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusion: These results confirm the spread of T. gondii in sheep and goats destined for human consumption in various geographical regions in Lebanon. Therefore, continuous monitoring of T. gondii infection in livestock is warranted to control the spread of the infection and limit its potential transmission to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat.
Divulgação científica, uma vacina para combater fake news em tempos de pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil.
Authors: Souza Claudia Barbosa dos Santos de , Freire Gustavo Henrique de Araújo
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: identificar ações de divulgação científica sobre Covid-19 promovidas por bibliotecários, gatekeepers, profissionais da saúde e representantes da sociedade civil.Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com pesquisa documental erevisão bibliográfica no âmbito da Ciência da Informação. Buscou-se ainda, informações sobre a Covid-19 em sites e em redes sociais virtuais de bibliotecas universitárias de instituições públicas no Rio de Janeiro, além de sites de jornais de grande alcance, como forma de divulgação científica para o público leigo. Resultados: demonstram que a divulgação científica poderá servir coo uma possível vacina anti fake news e contra a desinformação. Conclusão: ressalta a atuação de bibliotecário, jornalistas e demais profissionais da informação no processo de avaliação e seleção de informações, como subsídio para a divulgação massiva.
Reflexões sobre as práxis da biblioteca no período da pandemia covid-19
Authors: Lins Ivana Borges , Ribeiro Maria Alice Santos , Novo Hildenise Ferreira
Published: September 2022

A pandemia Coronavírus (COVID-19), que recentemente afligiu a humanidade, gerou múltiplos impactos, que incidiram na qualidade de vida social e na saúde, no desenvolvimento científico, econômico e tecnológico. Contudo, vale contextualizar que a Ciência da Informação com o arcabouço teórico da representação do conhecimento e da gestão de informação manifestados em seus variados recursos tecnológicos e fontes informacionais tiveram papel fundamental para a circulação, a mediação e o acesso à informação. Este relato de experiência, de forma descritiva e utilizando pesquisa documental, tem por objetivo apresentar as inter-relações dos dispositivos informacionais - acervo, biblioteca e bibliotecário- no contexto da pandemia do COVID- 19 no Sistema Universitário de Bibliotecas da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Para apresentação dos resultados, foram descritas as estratégias, os dispositivos digitais e os recursos tecnológicos utilizados pelos bibliotecários com os usuários da comunidade universitária, no intuito de cumprir a missão de interagir, de integrar e de disseminar a informação e o conhecimento, que causaram vários malefícios à sociedade nesse período. Em síntese, mediada pela tecnologia digital as ações desenvolvidas nessa experiência possibilitaram um aprendizado coletivo, configurando-se em um diferencial importante nas práxis dos profissionais bibliotecários da UFBA.
Abordagens socioeducativas de corpo e mente e percepção de ansiedade durante a primeira onda do COVID-19: um estudo de caso com dançarinos profissionais
Authors: Silva Shauane Emanuela Fornaciari , Puquevis Jaqueline , Gasperoto Luana Maximo , Czarniecki Beatriz , Monteiro Mariana , Paludo Ana Carolina
Published: September 2022

Durante a primeira onda da pandemia do Coronavírus (COVID-19), as medidas de quarentena e distanciamento social adotadas pela maioria dos países, acabou proporcionando um efeito negativo na saúde mental da população em geral. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal a realização de sessões terapêutica socioeducativos em um grupo de dançarinos profissionais e analisar seu possível efeito na percepção de ansiedade. Para tanto, 12 dançarinos (18 a 32 anos), de ambos os sexos pertencentes a um grupo específico de dança participaram de três encontros síncronos em grupo, com profissionais de psicologia, com objetivo socioeducativo baseado em: técnicas de relaxamento e respiração, atividade de autocompaixão e experiência somática, em consonância com a Psicologia Positiva. Ao final das sessões, um questionário online quali-qualitativo foi utilizado para avaliar a percepção dos dançarinos em relação as sessões e seu possível impacto na percepção de ansiedade foi aplicado. O questionário foi respondido por sete dançarinos, no qual temos como principais resultados: todos participantes reportaram um feedback positivo sobre a atuação das sessões na percepção de ansiedade, sendo que a maioria dos dançarinos reportaram que as sessões auxiliaram “em parte” na melhoria do bem-estar durante a quarentena. Todos demonstraram vontade de continuar com as sessões, porém conduzidas de maneira individual. Conclui-se que as três sessões terapêuticas com característica socioeducativa demonstraram ser positivas na percepção da ansiedade em dançarinos profissionais, durante o período da primeira onda do COVID-19. Assim, em situações semelhantes a quarentena e distanciamento social, sessões de psicologia positiva são recomendadas para profissionais de dança, para que esses possam manter ou melhorar suas respostas positivas de ansiedade e bem-estar.
Congresso “Atividade física e saúde pública em tempos de pandemia: desafios e perspectivas futuras”: relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Michael Pereira , Alexandrino Eduardo Gauze , Dutra Rinelly Pazinato , Sá Andressa Munhoz , Bilharva Cleonice , Vargas Bianca Languer , Silva Carine Nascimento , Saes-Silva Elizabet , Moreira Michele Krüger Vaz , Viero Vanise dos Santos Ferreira , Belarmino Vanusa , Vieira Yohana Pereira , Bacil Eliane Denise Araújo , Völz Pâmela Moraes , Dumith Samuel de Carvalho
Published: September 2022

A compreensão do impacto da pandemia na atividade física e no comportamento sedentário da população é essencial para a implementação de políticas de saúde pública e de futuras intervenções. Relatamos o planejamento e realização de um congresso científico virtual e gratuito, que objetivou fomentar a discussão sobre a atividade física e saúde pública em tempos de pandemia, abordando desafios e perspectivas futuras. O Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde Pública, GPASP-FURG utilizou a plataforma de inscrições, submissão de trabalhos e emissão de certificados Even3®. Para divulgação utilizou-se sistematicamente o Instagram®, Facebook® e WhatsApp® e para as instituições acadêmicas e-mails formais. Para a transmissão utilizou-se o StreamYard® com compartilhamento e armazenamento no YouTube® por meio do canal do GPASP. O congresso foi realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2021, em 06 sextas-feiras no período noturno. Contou com a participação de 21 pesquisadores-palestrantes de universidades brasileiras e internacionais e 06 pesquisadores-mediadores. Houve 1.431 inscritos, 79 trabalhos submetidos em 03 áreas temáticas (Monitoramento de atividade física e saúde durante a pandemia; Intervenções em atividade física e saúde durante a pandemia; Agravos e doenças crônicas durante a pandemia), sendo 48 deles aprovados e publicados na edição especial da Revista Vittalle. As sessões científicas tiveram 1.387 visualizações e as mesas-redondas 4.487 visualizações. Nas transmissões foram divulgadas as chaves Pix para beneficiar 03 instituições de caridade rio-grandinas. O planejamento, avaliação de trabalhos, mediação das sessões científicas e lista de tarefas pós-evento foram realizadas por alunos de pós-graduação e iniciação científica visando o desenvolvimento acadêmico.
Copper formulations in bacterial blight control and toxic effects on coffee seedlings
Authors: Loran de Oliveira Freitas Marcelo , Ampélio Pozza Edson , Santos Neto Helon , Aziz Alexandre Pozza Adelia , Leoni Belan Leônidas , Rocha da Silva Humberson , Estevão de Souza Paulo
Published: September 2022

Bacterial blight of coffee (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) is an important coffee disease and can be controlled using antibiotics and copper-based compounds. However, copper-based compounds raise doubts among coffee growers regarding bacterial blight control efficiency and phytotoxic potential. In this work, coffee plants were sprayed with different copper molecules in order to study their efficiency on bacterial blight control and the phytotoxic potential. Seven copper formulations, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride, copper nitrate, copper hydroxide 1 (water-dispersible granules) and 2 (concentrated suspension), copper sulfate 1 (complexed with gluconic acid) and 2 (Bordeaux mixture) were studied. The copper formulations efficiency was compared with the antibiotic kasugamycin, saline solution, and control. In controlled environmental conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and photoperiod, coffee seedlings were sprayed with the treatments and after 24 hours they were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae suspension. Disease incidence and severity assessments were performed in a 2-day interval during a 16-day period. Phytotoxicity incidence and severity, mapping, and quantification of copper on the leaf tissue surface, dried leaves weight, and total copper leaf content were assessed 16 days after pathogen inoculation. Data were submitted to the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05). Cuprous oxide and copper sulfate 2 proved most efficient to bacterial blight control, causing lower phytotoxicity effect, best covering, and persistence on leaf tissues. Copper nitrate and copper sulfate complexed with gluconic acid were more phytotoxicity compared to other copper formulations.
The Study of MgO and/or ZrO2 Modified Al2O3 for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Chandarin Thaninee , Jadsadajerm Supachai , Ratana Tanakorn , Tungkamani Sabaithip , Phongaksorn Monrudee
Published: September 2022

Alumina (Al2O3) is widely used as a sorbent in CO2 adsorption and as a catalyst support in CO2 utilization. For this application, the CO2 adsorption ability is the most important property to be improved. Thus, this work presents the idea to modify the surface of a commercial alumina using an Mg-Zr mixed oxide. With this material, sites for CO2 adsorption can be created by generating oxygen mobility property simultaneously with the basicity. To prove this hypothesis, alumina modified with MgO, ZrO2, or Mg-Zr mixed oxide was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation. The physicochemical properties of the bare alumina and the alumina modified with MgO, ZrO2, or Mg-Zr mixed oxide were investigated using N2 adsorption-desorption and X-ray diffraction. The achievement of oxygen mobility creation was quantitatively evaluated by O2-temperature programmed desorption measurement. The CO2 adsorption performance with the distribution of basic site strength was determined by CO2-temperature programmed desorption measurements. According to the results, the highest oxygen mobility was found in the alumina modified with Mg-Zr mixed oxide, which is approximately 1.7 times that of the bare alumina. The alumina modified with Mg-Zr mixed oxide showed the highest CO2 capacity by approximately 1.4 times compared to the alumina. It is because the cubic ZrO2 stabilized with MgO provided the number of oxygen vacancy sites that can be filled by oxygen atoms in adsorbed CO2 corresponding to the moderate and strong basic sites.
Reproductive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, protective and antidiabetic activities of Helichrysum Mill. species
Authors: Nkemzi Achasih Quinta , Ekpo Okobi Eko , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi
Published: September 2022

South African Helichrysum species are known for diverse medicinal use and treatment of different illnesses. Ethnopharmacological studies have revealed the potential use of Helichrysum plants in drug discovery. Although some of these species have been documented, there is still paucity of information on most species. This review seeks to provide a compilation of documented traditional uses, reproductive potential, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, protective and antidiabetic activities and other therapeutic properties of some Helichrysum species of South Africa. Information on Helichrysum cymosum, H. foetidum, H. odoratissimum, H. patulum and H. petiolare were collected from such scientific databases as Google scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Science direct in the form of journal articles, scientific reports, theses and books from the Library of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Our findings show that these species have historic values in traditional medicine through their diverse use for the management and treatment of such illnesses as cold, diabetes, headaches, digestive problems, sores and wounds, HIV, cancer etc. Additionally, the reported bioactive constituents isolated from these species have been shown to indicate several activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotection, reproductive potentials and others. Thus, the current review highlights the phytochemical and bioactive constituents as well as some of the pharmacological properties of the five selected Helichrysum species with a view to providing validation for their use in the pharmaceutical drug development process.
Sentence-final particles in multiple phases? Some evidence from language contact
Authors: Chan Tsan Tsai
Published: September 2022

Cinque’s (1999) cartographic theory associates one meaning with one functional head. As such, if applied to sentence-final particles (SFPs), cartographic assumptions ought to group semantically similar SFPs onto the same functional head cross-linguistically (cf. Pan 2019; Sybesma & Li 2007). However, I show that aspectual and restrictive focus SFPs in Cantonese and Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan) seemingly contradict Cinque by occupying different structural positions despite their semantic closeness. To shed light on the problem, I adduce novel data from Guangzhou Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, demonstrating that SFPs borrowed into these varieties are treated differently according to their structural height. Likewise citing scopal and other facts, I ultimately make a case for placing SFPs in multiple phases (Chomsky 2000 etc.), following Erlewine (2017) and Biberauer (2017), but contra Pan (2019), a.o. To accommodate Cinque (1999), I ultimately submit that different-phase SFPs constitute distinct lexical classes, which each cluster separately, but in the same semantically determined sequence compatible with cartographic assumptions.
Fen Başarı Düzeyi Farklı Ortaokullardaki Öğrencilerin Fen Bilimlerine Yönelik Tutumlarının Sınıf Düzeyi ve Cinsiyet Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ACAR Ömer , ORDU Kübra
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine students’ attitudes towards science with respect to grade level and gender in middle schools with different science achievement levels. For that purpose, two middle schools having low achievement level and one middle school having high achievement level were selected according to the information given by officials working in National Education Directorate of Kastamonu province about middle schools’ achievement levels in Kastamonu. Study sample consisted of 282 students at different grade levels attending to two low achieving schools and 302 students attending to the high achieving school. Attitudes towards Science Scale was used as the data collection instrument. Results of factor analyses showed four factors under this instrument: learning science in school, science outside school, self concept in science, and importance of science. Study results showed that grade level had a significant effect on only science outside school subscale of Attitudes towards Science Scale both in low and high achieving schools. Furthermore, for all grade levels no significant effect of gender on any subscales of Attitudes towards Science Scale was observed in low achieving schools. On the other hand, it was found that gender had a significant effect on different subscales of Attitudes towards Science Scale in 5th, 6th and 7th grades in high achieving schools. Recommendations were given about what cautions can be taken for the development of attitudes towards science among students in both school types and how to close gender-based attitude gap which was found in favor of girls only in the high achieving school.
DEHB Tanılı Çocuklara Uygulanan Bireyselleştirilmiş Gelişim Destek Programının Bozukluğun Semptomlarına, Algılama Becerilerine ve Aile İşlevselliğine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: CESUR Elifcan , KÖKSAL AKYOL Aysel
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırma bireyselleştirilmiş gelişim destek programının DEHB tanısı almış çocuklarda bozukluğun semptomlarına, algılama becerilerine ve ailenin işlevselliğine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma karma modelde, ön test-son test-kalıcılık testi kontrol gruplu tasarımda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunu Kırklareli il merkezinde bulunan Kırklareli Devlet Hastanesi, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı Polikliniği’nde takip edilen DEHB tanılı, yedi-on yaş arasındaki 11 çocuk ile anneleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Conners Anababa Dereceleme Ölçeği Yenilenmiş Kısa, Algısal Beceriler Ölçeği, Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen destek programı çocuğa anne ve kardeşlerinin de katılımı ile ev ziyaretleri yoluyla toplam 18 oturum olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan program DEHB tanılı çocukların algılama becerileri üzerinde ve DEHB semptomlarında olumlu etki oluşturmuştur (p<0.05). Ayrıca programın algılama becerilerindeki, DEHB semptomlarındaki ve bazı aile işlevselliği alt boyutlarındaki etki büyüklüğünün de büyük düzeyde olduğu (0.80) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel ve nicel bulgularının paralellik gösterdiği görüşmüştür. Bir pilot çalışma olarak kabul edilebilecek bu çalışmada geliştirilen programın etkisinin daha büyük örneklem grupları ile sınanmasının alana önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
İlkokul ve Ortaokula Devam Eden Çocukların Yaşadıkları Kaygıya Yönelik Çok Boyutlu Müdahale Yaklaşım
Authors: ERYILMAZ Ali , YILDIRIM-KURTULUŞ Hacer , UZUN Gülgün
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to examine the effects of the multidimensional intervention program on the anxiety levels of primary and middle school children. Designed according to a 2x2 pattern on two different experimental and control groups, this research attempted to determine the effectiveness of the children’s anxiety scores of different age groups participating in the Multidimensional Intervention Program. The independent variable of the research is the 10-week Multi-Dimensional Intervention Program applied only to the experimental groups between the pre-test and post-test measurements. The dependent variables of the study are the anxiety levels of the children attending primary and middle school. The experimental and control group of Study 1 consists of 10 boys and 10 girls in total, 20 children attending primary school. The age range of the children is between 9-10 years old. The experimental and control group of Study 2 consists of 9 boys and 11 girls, totally 20 children attending middle school. The age range of the children is between the ages of 10-11. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the multidimensional intervention program applied to anxiety was effective on the anxiety levels experienced by children.
İşbirlikli Öğrenme İle Birlikte Uygulanan Animasyonların, Modellerin ve Yedi İlke’nin Kimyanın Kavramsal Anlaşılmasına Etkisi
Authors: ALYAR Mustafa , DOYMUŞ Kemal
Published: September 2022

Kimya, içerdiği soyut kavramlar sebebiyle anlaşılması zor bir disiplindir. Bu yüzden soyut yapıların anlaşılması kimyanın öğrenilmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Bu sebeple bu araştırma, işbirlikli öğrenmenin animasyonlar, modeller (oyun hamuru ve çubuk-top) ve yedi ilke (lisans eğitiminde niteliği arttırmak amacıyla ileri sürülen iyi bir eğitim için yedi ilke) ile uygulanmasının kimyanın kavramsal anlaşılmasına etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırma eşitlenmemiş karşılaştırma gruplu yarı-deneysel desene göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini 91 fen bilgisi öğretmenliği birinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öğrenciler dört farklı deney grubuna ayrılmıştır. Birinci grupta işbirlikli öğrenme, ikinci grupta işbirlikli öğrenme ve yedi ilke, üçüncü grupta işbirlikli öğrenme ve animasyon, dördüncü grupta ise işbirlikli öğrenme ve modellerle uygulamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler dört Modül Test ile toplanmıştır. Modül Testler, araştırmada uygulanan yöntem ve tekniklerin kavramsal anlamaya etkisini belirlemek amacıyla ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre işbirlikli öğrenmenin yedi ilke ve işbirlikli öğrenmenin modeller ile birlikte uygulanmasının kimyanın kavramsal anlaşılmasında daha etkili olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir.
Küresel Isınma Bilimine Yönelik Tutum ve Eyleme Geçme Envanteri: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ALKIŞ KÜÇÜKAYDIN Menşure , AYAZ Elçin
Published: September 2022

Küresel ısınma, insanlığın karşılaştığı en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Bu soruna yönelik geleceğin öğretmenlerinin tutumlarının ve bu konuda neler yapabilecekleri bilgisinin açığa çıkarılması oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü gelecek nesillerin çevre sorunlarına karşı duyarlı bireyler olarak yetiştirilmesinde eğitimcilere büyük sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Herman (2014) tarafından geliştirilen ve orijinal adı “Global Warming Science Attitudes and Actions Survey” olan ölçme aracının Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılmıştır. İçerisinde üç farklı ölçeği barındıran envanterin uyarlamasında uzman görüşleri dikkate alınarak dil geçerliği sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ardından envanteri oluşturan her bir ölçek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Toplam 647 öğretmen adayıyla yürütülen çalışmada birinci ve ikinci ölçek için tek faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Envanterin üçüncü ölçeği için yapılan analizlerde ise orijinal yapının korunduğu ve beş faktörlü bir yapının olduğu görülmüştür. Envanteri oluşturan ölçekler için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa değerleri birinci ölçek için .85, ikinci ölçek için .73’tür. Üçüncü ölçek için bu değerler .50 ile .71 arasında değişmiş olup bileşik güvenirlik değerleri de sunulmuştur. Elde edilen envanterin öğretmen adaylarının küresel ısınmaya yönelik tutumlarını ve eyleme geçmeyle ilgili görüşlerini belirleme noktasında geçerli ve güvenilir ölçümler üreten bir araç olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.
Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açısıyla Uzaktan Eğitim
Authors: BOZKURT Erhan , PEKER Elif Seval
Published: September 2022

Bu fenomenoloji araştırmasında ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim yöntemine ilişkin algılarının tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırmaya Türkiye’nin dört farklı ilindeki devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan sekiz ortaokul matematik öğretmeni dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış bir dizi görüşme aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler üzerinde içerik analizi yapılarak öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim yönteminin matematik dersleri için içermiş olduğu avantajlara ve engellere ilişkin algıları ve bu yeni yönteme yönelik duyguları ve genel değerlendirmeleri tanımlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitimin matematik dersleri için bir takım avantajlar sunduğuna inandıkları, buna karşın daha çok içermiş olduğu engelleri ön plana çıkardıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenler, uzaktan eğitimi matematik dersleri için verimsiz bir yöntem olarak tanımlamışlardır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitime yönelik oldukça olumsuz duygulara sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Uzaktan matematik derslerinde, sınırlı öğretim materyali kullanarak öğretmen merkezli bir öğretim anlayış sergiledikleri, buna karşın uzaktan matematik öğretme performanslarından genel anlamda memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin uzaktan matematik derslerinde sergilemiş oldukları öğrenme motivasyonu ve başarısından ise memnun olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Öğretmenlerin Öğretimsel Denetim ile Öğrenen Okul Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ESEN Emre , ALBEZ Canan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to research into the relationship between instructional supervision and learning school from the perspective of primary school teachers. This study utilized the correlational survey model, which is a type of quantitative research approach. The study's population includes 758 teachers working in primary schools associated with the MoNE in the central of Ağrı in 2021. The study's sample consisted of 257 teachers who were chosen using a simple random sampling method. As a data collection tool in research; "School Principals' Instructional Supervision Behavior (SPISB) Scale" and "Learning School (LS) Scale" were used. For statistical analysis of data; parametric tests were used. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the teachers' perceptions of learning schools were higher than their perceptions of instructional supervision. It was determined that teachers' perceptions of SPISB and LS differed significantly in some sub-dimensions according to their demographic variables. It was found that there is a significant positive relationship between the SPISB Scale sub-dimensions and the LS Scale sub-dimensions. The multiple regression analysis revealed that, with the exception of the personal mastery dimension, the sub-dimensions of the SPISB Scale significantly predicted the sub-dimensions of the LS Scale.