bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation of grades of obesity with left ventricular functions
Authors: Bhat Irfan A. , Hafeez Imran , Singh Hardeep , Lone Ajaz , Beig Jahangir R. , Samer Muezza
Published: September 2017

Background: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. It is a complex multifactorial condition which poses major risk for serious diet related chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Obesity is associated with atrial and ventricular re-modelling; obese individuals have both eccentric and concentric patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy. Obesity adversely impacts cardiac diastolic function. In a large community based investigation, BMI emerged as a key correlate of impaired diastolic filling indexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate left ventricular dimensions and functions in patients with obesity and to find correlation between left ventricular dimensions and functions with grades of obesity.Methods: The present study was a hospital based study conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Internal Medicine, SMHS Hospital of Government Medical College Srinagar and SKIMS Kashmir. A total of 100 subjects of either gender across a spectrum of body mass were taken up for this study.Results: The mean age was 44.7±11 years. Females (56%) were more than males (44%). The subjects were categorized into four groups which include normal BMI (18%) overweight (32%), obese I (31%) and obese II (19%). The mean BMI of our subjects was 26.8±0.3kg/m2. There was no significant change in left ventricular systolic functions. Diastolic abnormality was found in 24% of the subjects. Diastolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects with higher grades of obesity 47.4% in obese II and 12.5% in overweight.Conclusions: With increasing grades of obesity, both LV dimensions and volumes were increased and subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction was present in all grades of obesity. Diastolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects with higher grades of obesity. Our study provides justification for the idea of obesity as a therapeutic target in prevention of increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.
Cervical lymphadenopathies: a diagnostic crisis
Authors: Joy Priya , Gayathri G. , Gangadharan V.
Published: September 2017

Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes. The causes are varied, and may be inflammatory, degenerative, infective or neoplastic. The first case presented here is of a 29-year old male presented with h/o recurrent progressive right sided painless swelling in the infraparotid region with cervical lymphadenopathy for past one year. Swelling was 6×6cm, nontender, firm mass. Cervical lymph nodes were palpable. He had raised eosinophil counts and elevated serum IgE levels. Biopsy showed abundant eosinophilic infiltration with microabscess suggestive of Kimura’s disease. Second case reported here is of a 17-year old female patient presented with fever for 3 weeks with cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymph node was 3×2cm, tender and firm. Routine blood investigations showed anemia. Biopsy showed lymph nodes composed of sheets of macrophages with crescent shaped nuclei with areas of necrosis and karyhorrhexis suggestive of Kikuchi’s disease. Kimura’s disease is a relatively uncommon chronic inflammatory benign condition mostly affecting the lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue and salivary glands of head and neck region. It is seen in males in their second decade of lives. Peripheral eosinophilia, regional lymphadenopathy and elevated serum IgE levels are characteristics of Kimura’s disease. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a benign, idiopathic and self-limited disease. Affects young females between 20-35 years of age. Usually there will be localized painful lymphadenopathy, fever and leukopenia. Kikuchi disease runs a benign course and resolves in several weeks to months. The two cases are presented to make clinicians aware of Kimura’s disease and Kikuchi’s disease as a differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy and to avoid the diagnostic dilemma both clinically and histopathologically.
Customers’ satisfaction of the occupational therapy services in Namibia
Authors: Marwa Thelma , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore , Hofnie-//Hoebes Kathe
Published: September 2017

Background: Patients’ satisfaction is important in healthcare services. It can be an indicator of quality of services in a hospital. The study aims to determine the customers’ satisfaction of the Occupational Therapy Services at Katutura State Hospital in Windhoek. Methods: The research design was a mixed approach - quantitative and qualitative. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The statistical package for the social sciences software version 23 was used to analyse data. Results: Results of the study showed that occupational therapy patients at Katutura State Hospital are satisfied with the quality of service. However, the service was not superior. Perceived quality mean of the service was 5.51 while the desired quality of service was 9.45. Out of the three dimensions; quality of care, physical environment and occupational therapy services, patients were mostly satisfied with quality of care with the adequacy mean of 1.02 and least satisfied with the physical environment which had an adequacy mean of 0.31. Patients were not satisfied with the cleanliness, ventilation, privacy, lighting, waiting time, consent before treatment and follow up of patients. Conclusions: The study shows that the occupational therapy patients at Katutura State Hospital are slightly satisfied with the services although there are some other factors they are dissatisfied with. The occupational therapy department is recommended to develop consent forms, improve on waiting time and keeping appointments. The physical environment also needs to be improved in order to increase the patients` satisfaction rate.
Prevalence and pattern of self-medication among undergraduate students in a medical college of Kolkata
Authors: Pal Jayita , Ahmad Shamshad , Pal Promiti , Chatterjee Debarun
Published: September 2017

Background: Self-medication is quite a prevalent public health problem in every part of the world. It can cause serious harms to the recipients through various implications like adverse drug reactions, incomplete cure, drug dependence etc. Medical students are in a unique position for wide practice of self-medication. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to find out the existing knowledge, attitude and pattern of practice regarding self-medication among the undergraduate medical students of ESIC Medical College, Joka, Kolkata. Methods: A cross-sectional study had been conducted among 300 undergraduate medical students through an online survey with the help of a predesigned pretested digital questionnaire. The participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included by complete enumeration method after taking informed consent. Results: The overall prevalence of ever-use of self-medication was 65%. Majority had some knowledge about actual definition of self-medication (74%), hazards due to change of time schedule of antibiotics (59.7%), hazards due to increase in dose of antibiotics (64%), adverse drug reactions of different antibiotics (65%) and importance of completing the dosage schedule of antibiotics (56.7%); the most common source of their information being textbooks or teachers (74%). Most common indications for self-medication were fever (79.6%), followed by cough and cold (74.8%), pain (61.4%), indigestion (51.3) and diarrhoea (43.3%). The most common drugs used were antacids (81.2%), analgesics (72.1%), antipyretics (53.2%) and antibiotics (43.3%). The major reason for practice of self-medication was minor illness (74.3%). Conclusions: Self-medication was widely prevalent among the medical students of ESIC Medical College, Joka, Kolkata. Continuous counselling activities with proper information through inclusion of this topic to academic course are the need of the hour to halt this malpractice.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in young adults attending a tertiary care institute of Nagpur: a cross sectional study
Authors: Patil Chaitanya R. , Sahoo Durgesh Prasad , Dhoble Manjusha , Kherde Abhijit , Inamdar Asim
Published: September 2017

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer and global public health problem. With the advent of globalization affecting the lifestyle of the population, non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes etc. is affecting the young adults (18 to 40 years). The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among young adults (18 to 40 years) attending a tertiary care centre of Nagpur.Methods: This was a cross sectional study on 370 participants of age 18 to 40 years attending the outpatient department of urban health training centre in Nagpur. Data was collected using pretested and pre designed questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done by standard guidelines. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer in sitting position. Data was analyzed using Epi info version 7.2. Chi square test/ fisher’s exact test has been used to find the difference between two proportions. Unadjusted odds ratio was calculated for various risk factors studied. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 23.24%. The prevalence was higher among males (25%) when compared to females (22.3%). Body mass index and waist hip ratio were significantly higher among the hypertensive when compared to normotensive study population (p<0.01). For every one year increase in age, the odds ratio increases by 1.06 (1.02 to 1.09) and the subjects who were overweight were having 2.15 odds of being hypertensive. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of hypertension among the adults of age group of 18 to 40 years. The population with high body mass index, high waist to hip ratio and age group of 30 to 40 years were found to be associated with hypertension. Early surveillance and prompt treatment forms will help in decreasing the cardiovascular risk of young adults in near future.
Assessment of physical activity level among obese and non-obese individuals using global physical activity questionnaire
Authors: M. R. Ramya , Kamath Vinayak , S. Hemapriya
Published: September 2017

Background: Physical inactivity is considered as a major independent modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases and is one of the most important causes of obesity. Considering the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in India, the physical activity plays an important role. Taking this into consideration we conducted a study to assess the physical activity levels using the global physical activity questionnaire among obese and non-obese individuals. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adults 20-60 years age-group in rural and urban field practice areas of a medical college in Puducherry by simple random sampling method to select 237 individuals from each area. The level of physical activity was analysed using the global physical activity questionnaire. Results: Among the study population, 61.39% belong to low physical activity level. Among 97 obese individuals, 53.61% belong to low physical activity and no statistical significance was noted between the levels of physical activity and obesity. The prevalence of obesity was 36.13% among those who reported walking and bicycle usage and statistical significance was noted among obese and non-obese individuals (p<0.001). Statistical significant difference was observed in duration of physical activity (minutes/day) among obese and non-obese individuals. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity seems to be lower among the people who practice simple day-to-day habits such as walking and usage of bicycles as evidenced from our study. Such simple and replicable behavioural modifications need to be brought about at a societal level, if we want to minimise the danger of the looming obesity epidemic.
Awareness and attitudes of mothers towards new vaccines in the childhood vaccination programme in delhi state: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mukherjee Reema , Arora Manisha , Kotwal Atul , Hooda Poonam
Published: September 2017

Background: With the introduction of newer antigens in the childhood immunization programme in several states, the nationwide UIP is eventually going to be further expanded to increase the number of diseases against which children will be protected through the vaccination programme. However, despite the best intentions of the government, a poor awareness of the new vaccines among the caregivers may defeat this purpose and only result in poor coverage and poor uptake. This study was carried out to assess the awareness of mothers regarding the new vaccines introduced in the childhood vaccination programme in Delhi State. Methods: The study was conducted in the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital of Delhi. A total sample of 388 mothers was interviewed. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver 20. Results: Only 18.3% (95% CI, 14.76-22.46) of the participants were aware that newer vaccines have been introduced into the programme. 48.2% (95% CI 43.27- 53.16) of the respondents were unaware about the same, while 33.5% (95% CI, 28.99-38.35) claimed to have heard about it but were not sure whether newer vaccines had been introduced. It was observed that as the education status of mothers improved, their awareness regarding newer vaccines in the programme also increased. The knowledge regarding age of administration, number of doses etc. was very poor. However multiple pricks during a single vaccination visit was not a disincentive for the mother to get the child vaccinated. The willingness to buy a vaccine that was not available free of cost from the hospital, increased with increasing education level of the mother. Conclusions: There is a requirement of focused publicity campaigns to increase the awareness and thereby uptake of the new vaccines among caregivers.
Epidemiology of fall and its risk factors among elders in a rural area of Coimbatore, India
Authors: Chacko Thomas V. , Thangaraj Prabha , G. M. Muhammad
Published: September 2017

Background: Global reports show that falls are the major cause of disability injuries among the elders. Developing countries lack the required epidemiological data on the burden of falls and factors that contribute to it.The objectives of the study were to find the burden of fall and its distribution in time, place and person among elders and to identify risk factors associated with fall among elders. Methods: A community–based cross-sectional study of 655 elders (≥ 60 years) was done in a rural area of Coimbatore District by two stage sampling technique. History of fall within the past 6 months was included in the study. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess factors contributing to falls. The burden of falls was expressed as proportions and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for fall. Results: 26% (95%CI: 22.59-29.32) elders experienced at least one fall. Of the total falls 50.2% occurred outside home and the remaining inside home. Most of the falls occurred during ambulation and at the morning hours (39.1%). Age ≥80 years (OR: 3.28, 95%CI: 1.28-5.98) and dizziness (OR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.00-10.06) were only found to be significantly associated with fall on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The occurrence of fall was found to be almost similar to that identified in western countries where fall preventive measures have been implemented. Similar efforts are yet to be initiated here and so this study provides the evidence for the need. Prospective studies through more frequent home visits are needed to confirm the enormity of the problem to suggest policy recommendation.
A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding H1N1 among AYUSH practioners at Panvel taluka
Authors: Vikhe Manisha R. , Relwani Nisha R. , Anjenaya Seema
Published: September 2017

Background: The number of H1N1 cases and death in India in recent years is good enough reason to declare it as a major emerging disease. AYUSH practitioners have been newly integrated into the National Health Delivery System. As they are the first level of contact for the community, their knowledge, attitude and right practices can help in counteracting the spread of H1N1. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding H1N1 among AYUSH practitioners at Panvel taluka.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during October-December 2015 among AYUSH practitioners practicing at Panvel taluka. A total of 225 AYUSH practitioners were included in the study by stratified probability proportional systematic random sampling. They were interviewed face to face by predesigned pretested questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding H1N1. Attitude was measured on a four point Likert’s scale. Data was analysed by mean, percentage and Chi–square Test using software SPSS (version 21).Results: Only 32.4% had knowledge about period of infectivity by H1N1 virus. More than half (56.7%) knew incubation period of the disease.75% correctly answered on signs and symptoms of the disease. Only 25.3% knew the mode of administration of giving H1N1 live vaccine. 78.66% doctors strongly agreed that they can get infection and 82.66% agreed that they can be cured by the infection. Only 27.11% practitioners were vaccinated against H1N1. 43.12% doctors followed hand washing practice after seeing suspected case. 43.5% doctors used mask regularly at clinic. 59.6% doctors correctly prescribed drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of H1N1. 62.3% practitioners used to refer the patient in hospital designated by government for treatment of H1N1 cases.Conclusions: AYUSH practioners had average knowledge and poor practices about H1N1 prevention which can be further improved by continuing medical education programme.
A prospective study to evaluate the etiologies and parameters of voice assessment in patients of vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Joshi Anagha A. , Singh Vijaykumar , Rajani Sana Zehra N.
Published: September 2017

Background: Evaluation of voice disorders are performed using multiple approaches but there is no single standard method. Our study compared the various voice assessment measures and their clinical relevance for unilateral vocal cord palsy (uVCP).

Methods: 30 patients of uVCP were assessed and followed up on day 15, 30 and 90 of diagnosis. At each visit, perceptual analysis of voice, grade (G), rigid 700 Hopkins laryngoscopy to measure the phonatory gap (PG), maximum phonation time (MPT), and voice handicap index (VHI) were noted.  

Results: The results were analysed in two ways, one on the basis of improvement in VHI and the other on the basis of PG. When two groups (‘improved group 1’ and ‘unimproved group 1’) were formed and compared on the basis of VHI; MPT, Grade and ‘change in PG’ of the improved group showed a significant difference as compared to the unimproved group. Whereas when two groups (‘improved group 2’ and ‘unimproved group 2’) were formed and compared on the basis of improvement in PG, none of the parameters of the improved group showed a significant difference as compared to the unimproved group.

Conclusions: All parameters correlate well with VHI than with PG, hence VHI alone can be sufficient to assess the improvement in voice. Although rigid laryngoscopy is essential initially for diagnosis, it need not be necessary to for further evaluation for improvement in voice.
A comparative study between fat myringoplasty and temporalis fascia tympanoplasty in moderate to large central perforation of pars tensa of tympanic membrane
Authors: Ambani Kirti P. , Gangwani Rachana W. , M. Bhavya B. , Vakharia Sanket D. , Katarkar Ashish U.
Published: September 2017

Background: To compare the efficacy between fat graft (FG) and temporalis fascia (TF) graft in tympanic membrane perforations larger than 4mm size or involvement of >25% of tympanic membrane.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out during December 2015 to January 2016, for a period of 13months at our Otolaryngology Department. All study patients, who fit into inclusion and exclusion criteria, were divided into two groups according to the type of graft material taken. In group- 1temporalis fascia (TF) graft was taken while in group- 2 fat graft (FG) was taken. An evaluation of hearing was done with full Audiometric and Eustaschian tube function testing. All laboratory preoperative testing was done. Postoperative follow up was done at 2nd, 3rd and 5th month’s period and sos, graft status and hearing evaluation with PTA for all four frequencies 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz with air conduction and bone conduction thresholds were recorded and compared with preoperative PTA records in both groups.  

Results: In TF group total 24 (80%) patients had graft uptake, 4 (13.3%) patients had residual perforation and 2 (6.6%) patients had graft failure due to postoperative infection. In FG group total 16 (53.3%) patients had graft uptake, 6 (20%) patients had graft medialised and necrosed, 6 (20%) patients had residual perforation and 2 (6.6%) patient had graft rejection due to postoperative infection. Graft uptake rate in group 1 was 80% while in group 2 was 53.3%. Mean preoperative ABG in TF group was 25±17 dB and mean postoperative ABG was 10±02 dB, in fat graft technique mean preoperative ABG was 25±13 dB and mean postoperative ABG was 16±15 dB. Fat graft technique is simple, quick and minimally invasive. It doesn’t require middle ear manipulation.

Conclusions: There is no ideal material for tympanic membrane repair but for moderate to large perforation temporalis fascia graft is better than fat graft in terms of healing and hearing outcomes but considering morbidity fat gives less morbidity. 
Comparative study of type 1 tympanoplasty with and without gelfoam in the middle ear
Authors: Malick Nabeel , Gadag Raveendra P. , K. M. Vidyashree , Puthukulangara Shruthi
Published: September 2017

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a widespread disease with a significant cause of morbidity with a greater burden in the poor communities of the developing countries for which tympanoplasty is frequently undertaken. Gelfoam may show detrimental effects such as adhesions and fibrosis and improper packing may physically alter the structure of the tympanic membrane leading to failure of tympanoplasty. The graft can be placed without any middle ear supporting agent wherein the graft is held in position by the surface tension between the novel graft placed and the remnant tympanic membrane. This provides the added advantage of facilitating middle ear ventilation through the Eustachian tube. The objectives of the study were to assess the graft uptake and hearing improvement following type 1 tympanoplasty with gelfoam in the middle ear and without gelfoam in the middle ear and to compare and assess results for complications

Methods: This was a randomised control trial done for a period of one year conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi which is a tertiary referral hospital. 30 patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty without gelfoam in the middle ear and 31 patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty with gelfoam in the middle ear. Post-operative follow up was done to look for graft uptake, hearing assessment by pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry was done 90 days post-operatively.  

Results: Graft uptake was 80% in type 1 tympanoplasty without gelfoam in the middle ear and 80.6% with gelfoam in the middle ear. Both types of surgeries had significant hearing improvement, and complications like retraction and residual perforation were also comparable. Ad type of impedance curve is most common post operatively.

Conclusions: Graft uptake is equally good in cases with gelfoam and without gelfoam. Hearing gain is comparable in both groups of patients. No significant complications occurred in our study. ‘Ad’ is the most common type of impedance curve after surgery. Long term follow up is important in these patients. 
Atypical presentation of a large cervical schwannoma
Authors: Singh Inderdeep , Singh Anubhav
Published: September 2017

Hypoglossal nerve schwannomas are rare benign tumors arising from the schwann cells covering the hypoglossal nerve. These tumors are slow growing and their symptoms are usually due to pressure effects over the adjacent structures. We present a rare case of a large intracranial and cervical schwannoma arising from the hypoglossal nerve. We discuss the atypical presentation and vague symptoms with which a patient of hypoglossal schwannoma may present. Surgery in such cases requires the joint efforts of the team of Neurosurgeons and Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgeons.
Effect of peripartum nutritional supplementation on postpartum fertility and blood biochemical and steroid hormone profile in crossbred cows
Authors: Dhami A. J. , Theodore V. K. , Panchal M. T. , Hadiya K. K. , Theodore P. M. , Sarvaiya N. P.
Published: September 2017

Advanced pregnant healthy HF crossbred cows (n=20) of 2-4 parity were equally divided in to control (routine farm feeding-RFF) and treatment/nutrients supplementation (RFF + bypass fat @ 100-200 g/h/d and ASMM @ 50 g/h/d) groups and were studied from 2 wks prepartum to 8 wks postpartum for plasma profile of steroid hormones and metabolites on days -14, -3, 0, +3, +14, +28 and +42 as well as for puerperal events and postpartum fertility. The mean plasma progesterone values were maximum (>6 ng/ml) on day 14 prepartum, which declined significantly (p>0.01) on day 3 prepartum reached to the basal levels (>1 ng/ml) on the day of calving, remained basal till day 14, and thereafter showed a rising trend on days 28 and 42 postpartum. The oestradiol-17b values were at its peak on the day of calving (p>0.01), showed a rapid fall by day 3 postpartum and remained low till recrudesce of follicular activity around day 35 postpartum. However, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in either of the hormones, except on day 42 postpartum. The levels of cortisol and PGF2 a Metabolites (PGFM) were 3-8 times higher on the day of parturition as compared to values at day 14 pre- and postpartum, and declined further till day 42 postpartum reaching to prepartum levels. The plasma cholesterol gradually decreased as parturition approached and increased in postpartum days to reach the highest value (p>0.01) at day 42. The nutrients supplemented cows had significantly (p>0.01) higher plasma cortisol, PGFM and cholesterol values than the control cows around parturition. However, no such variation was noted in plasma protein profile. The period of uterine involution in control and supplemented groups was identical (31.97±1.82 and 30.27±1.41 days), yet the cows in treatment group resumed estrous cycle earlier (38.00±1.95 vs 42.32±4.14 days, p>0.05) and had shorter service period (85.22±7.17 vs 100.67±5.60 days) with improved pregnancy rate (80 vs 60 %) as compared to those in control group. Thus, the peripartum nutrient supplementation in crossbred cows was beneficial and had positive effect on the postpartum fertility and plasma cortisol, PGFM and cholesterol profile.
Ameliorating potential of Hedychium spictum on oxidative stress following chronic exposure to indoxacarb in WLH cockerels
Authors: Choudhary Govind Kumar , Singh Satya Pal
Published: September 2017

Present study was designed to evaluate ameliorating potential of Hydechium spicatum on oxidative stress following chronic exposure to indoxacarb in White Leg Horn (WLH) cockerels. Chronic oxidative stress was induced in WLH cockerels. Lipid peroxidation, reduced GSH, GPx, GST, SOD and catalase levels were estimated in blood and tissues. Indoxacarb produced toxicity in the form of alteration of lipid peroxidation, reduced GSH, GPx, GST, SOD and catalase levels. Hedychium spicatum was effective in restoration of these parameters towards normal. It was concluded that Hedychium spicatum has ameliorating potential on oxidative stress following chronic exposure to indoxacarb in WLH cockerels.
Explaining Depression in Clinical Settings: Shortcomings and Dangers of Simplified Analogies
Authors: Schultz William
Published: September 2017

In clinical settings, explanatory analogies of depression are frequently used to communicate etiology. This article reviews two common explanatory analogies: the chemical imbalance analogy and the diabetes analogy. This article examines evidence that these analogies are inaccurate and potentially harmful. It is argued that health professionals should avoid such analogies in clinical practice. Some implications of this argument are explored.
A rua e suas diferentes representações na percepção de jovens em situação de rua
Authors: Arpini Dorian Mônica , Quintana Alberto Manuel , Gonçalves Camila dos Santos
Published: September 2017

Este artigo aborda a temática da juventude, com foco nas experiências vividas por jovens em situação de rua. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado em duas instituições de ensino de uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Procurou-se identificar as representações dos jovens acerca da rua. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e com grupos focais de 40 jovens. Os resultados apontam diferentes olhares sobre a experiência de vida na rua. Os participantes referem-se a aspectos positivos como acolhimento, liberdade e saída de situações de sofrimento e violência no contexto familiar. Citam também representação negativa, associada à estigmatização e à marginalização de quem vive na rua. Os jovens destacam o trabalho e a escola como via de proteção e possibilidade de saída da situação de rua.
A constituição do sujeito no tempo empírico e a memória transcendental: Deleuze leitor de Hume e Proust
Authors: Fornazari Sandro Kobol
Published: September 2017

Partindo da interpretação deleuziana do empirismo de Hume, o artigo visa a apreender a elaboração por Deleuze da primeira síntese do tempo, a síntese do hábito, a partir da constituição de um sujeito que contempla e contrai as percepções sensíveis, ultrapassando o dado a partir da ação de princípios que lhe são exteriores. A contração do passado e a expectativa em relação ao futuro são as duas dimensões do mesmo presente vivido. É pela contração pelo hábito que a repetição produz uma diferença no espírito e assim nos produz como sujeitos. Sobre a síntese passiva do hábito virão desdobrar-se as sínteses ativas da memória e da reflexão. Desde a análise da obra de Proust, Deleuze desenvolve, então, o tema desse encontro com o fora como a produção no sujeito de uma capacidade de explicitar o sentido do que se apresenta como um signo, o que implica ultrapassar as ilusões objetivistas e subjetivistas e a busca do sentido numa diferença interiorizada que é o próprio ser em si do passado. Daí decorre ir para além da dimensão empírica do tempo e encontrar uma nova síntese do tempo, a síntese transcendental da memória, em que o passado não sucede ao presente, mas coexiste com ele.
O papel do método no ensino: da maiêutica socrática à terapia wittgensteiniana
Authors: Gottschalk Cristiane Maria Cornelia
Published: September 2017

Este texto tem como objetivo apontar para algumas das confusões advindas da crença de professores na existência de significados extralinguísticos a serem descobertos ou construídos pelos alunos através da aplicação de um método. Sob a inspiração das reflexões de Wittgenstein sobre a função constitutiva da linguagem na construção dos sentidos, proponho um outro olhar para o papel do método no processo de aprendizagem: não como um procedimento que conduz o aluno a verdades prévias, a exemplo da maiêutica socrática, presente sob outros matizes nas atuais teorias de ensino e aprendizagem; mas como meio de apresentação de nossas convenções linguísticas. Esta mudança de perspectiva foi possível a partir da crítica de Wittgenstein à exigência de exatidão conceitual (já presente nos diálogos platônicos) como condição de construção de um conhecimento legítimo, sugerindo em seu lugar uma nova atitude filosófica, com implicações para o ensino escolar. Sua reflexão sobre dois modos básicos de uso de nossas expressões linguísticas (um normativo e outro descritivo) pressupõe formas diferentes de transmissão dos conteúdos: ora como instrução de regras, ora como uma atividade que envolve justificação, questionamentos e experimentação empírica.
Da poesia visual concreta à poesia virtual concreta: a ciberliteratura na sala de aula
Authors: Neves Cynthia Agra de Brito
Published: September 2017

A acusação de que o jovem aluno do século XXI não se forma leitor tornou-se senso comum em sala de professores e em conversas de adultos. Despertar no aluno o prazer do texto também tem sido tarefa árdua para muitos docentes que se veem entre os muros de uma escola ainda tão tradicional como a brasileira. Sem descartar a importância da leitura dos clássicos, é imprescindível, contudo, que a escola – e, metonimicamente, o professor – atraia o aluno-leitor para a nova era da ciberliteratura. Esta promoveu uma revolução na história da leitura – do códex ao hipertexto – e ascendeu a função do leitor, o qual se tornou mais ativo, um hiperleitor, apagando assim a função de autor, outrora merecedor de status. Seja através da hiperficção, da hiperpoesia ou do metalivro, a ciberliteratura resgata e dá continuidade ao experimentalismo universal na escrita, no som e na imagem, inaugurado pelas vanguardas europeias e pela poesia concreta – embrião da poesia virtual. Promover a interação do aluno com a poesia animada pelo computador – eis um novo desafio para a educação.
Exercícios ascéticos e práticas pedagógicas: por uma genealogia do poder disciplinar
Authors: Chaves Ernani
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo pretende mostrar, a partir do curso “O poder psiquiátrico” ministrado por Michel Foucault no Collège de France em 1973-1974, a relação entre exercícios ascéticos e as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas comunidades religiosas medievais e a constituição histórica do poder disciplinar. Para isso, avalia-se o lugar estratégico dos cursos de Foucault para a compreensão de seu pensamento, assim como se aponta a consequência de sua análise, qual seja, por um lado, a necessidade da solidão, do isolamento para a produção do conhecimento e, por outro lado, entretanto, a necessidade de romper este isolamento, tendo em vista a circulação social do saber. Encontrar uma resolução para este conflito constitui-se, por sua vez, numa forma de resistência ao poder disciplinar.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade na Biblioteca Central Santa Mônica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia/MG
Authors: Souza Kelma Patrícia , Aguiar Denise Regina da Costa , Lima Leonice Domingos dos Santos Cintra
Published: September 2017

As bibliotecas são vitais para desenvolvimento social, cultural e ambiental das comunidades onde estão inseridas. Esta pesquisa objetivou: Investigar ações de sustentabilidade adotadas por uma biblioteca referência no país; Comparar as ações de sustentabilidade da biblioteca referência com as ações já desenvolvidas pela Biblioteca Central Santa Mônica (BCMON); Propor ações e projetos para a BCMON, que poderão proporcionar aos usuários e servidores da biblioteca um recinto de estudo e de trabalho participativo, inclusivo, acessível e ambientalmente engajado. A metodologia teve abordagem qualitativa, natureza exploratória, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa de campo (entrevista semiestruturada), análise de dados identificados em pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento realizado nos sites das principais bibliotecas universitárias federais brasileiras, a respeito de ações sustentáveis e da ênfase aplicada à sustentabilidade. Pode-se constatar que a sustentabilidade social e econômica é sutilmente aplicada, por meio do acesso à informação, da inclusão social e digital e do retorno, aos investimentos recebidos, à sociedade na oferta de produtos e serviços. Porém, o cuidado com o meio ambiente e a prática da educação ambiental ainda são objetos de desatenção. O produto final foi a construção de uma proposta inicial com algumas indicações para a promoção da sustentabilidade na BCMOM, que terá como ponto de partida o diálogo em busca da conscientização ambiental e da participação de toda equipe e comunidades de forma voluntária, democrática e autônoma.
Strategic Behavior as the Cause of Business Cycles
Authors: Vorlicek Jan , Cermakova Klara
Published: September 2017

This paper is aimed to present theory of “natural strategic cycles” showing that the cyclical development of economic performance (among other causes economic theory has been processed) can be caused also by cyclical evolution of the proportions of various strategies used by different actors in society. We use game theory as theoretical background. The existence of various games gives us an explanation of why there are so many different cycles with different duration. We assume that the theory of strategic cycle can be used to explain e.g. speculative bubble on stock exchange or long-term cycles that are still somehow difficult to grasp.
Modeling Link for Ocean Wave Energy of Point Absorbers: A Mathematical Framework
Authors: Baños Hernandez Lorenzo
Published: September 2017

This compendium presents new mathematical techniques for modeling Point Absorbers. A combined frequency-time domain framework is developed. It is used to simulate the energy generated by the wave farms. With Matlab and Fortran as a base, this leads to obtain physical variables of primary importance, namely position, velocity and power to energy net balance relationships of absorption. Integration of different degrees of freedom with heave as main executable leads in turn to a single buoy motion focus. Acquisition of the needed hydrodynamic coefficients is provided through application of potential field solvers with Boundary Element Methodology background. Initially, this Wave-to-motion model is validated by comparison with previous experimental results for a floating cone cylinder shape (Buldra-FO3). A single, generic, vertical floating cylinder is contemplated then, that responds to the action of the passing regular waves excitation. Later, two equally sized vertical floating cylinders aligned with the incident wave direction are modeled for a variable distance between the bodies. For both unidirectional regular and irregular waves as an input in deep water, we approximate the convolutive radiation force function term through the Prony method. By changing the spatial disposition of the axisymmetric buoys, using for instance triangular or rectangular shaped arrays of three and four bodies respectively, the study delves into motion characteristics for regular waves. The results highlight efficient layouts for maximizing the energy production whilst providing important insights into their performance, revealing displacement amplification- and capture width-ratios, while deriving in possible interpretations of scenarios related to the known park effect. These terms are encompassed by the novelty of a new conceptual Post-Processing methodology in the field, which leads to obtain an optimal distance for the separated bodies with effective energy absorption in a regular wave regime. The main objective is to generate a tendency within the hydrodynamic field of study, which is the Wave to motion perspective. More generally, this computational excursion envisions and depicts potential fields of study, which will surely enhance new connections and link this renewable energy form. Therefore, this research delves first into the historical and technical background on Ocean Wave Energy. Next, it is in the section regarding Materials and Methods, where boundaries and related equations are introduced step by step, together with latter mentioned case scenarios, and their corresponding configuration parameters. A separate section frames then the scope of results, while finally, there is an ensuing discussion and conclusions for evaluation assessment.
Live Florescent Staining Platform Drug-Screening and Mechanism-Analysis in Zebrafish for Bone Mineralization
Authors: Chen Jung-Ren , Lai Yu-Heng , Tsai Jhih-Jie , Hsiao Chung-Der
Published: September 2017

Currently, drug screening is primarily based on human cell culture for initial high-throughput screening, and subsequently, rodent model to confirm the biological effects. However, the mammalian system is known for time-consuming and highly-cost to be difficult to perform high-throughput drug screening, which exists a critical gap between in vitro cell-based models and the in vivo mammalian models. Therefore, the zebrafish could bridge this gap in preclinical toxicity screening along the drug development pipeline because of its efficiency. We aimed to develop an in vivo zebrafish platform for rapid drug screening. Zebrafish, due to its high genomic conservation with mammals and rapid development and differentiation, it has many advantages, such as short life span, large number of offspring and low cost, easy manipulation for generating transgenic species, to serve as animal model for disease-based research. In 96-well microplates, zebrafish embryos were incubated with small molecular compounds that affected bone mineralization. The level of osteogenic mineralization was evaluated by fluorescent dye staining and quantified by image analysis software. Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the biological pathways involved in bone metabolism at the molecular level. The system was validated by demonstrating that response to alendronate and Dorsomorphin in zebrafish. In our study, we screened for 24 compounds within the CYCU-1120~1152 chemical library and identified 3 compounds, pentamidine (CYCU-1140), BML-267 (CYCU-1147), and alendronate (CYCU-1152), increased embryonic mineralization; while 6 compounds, RWJ-60475 (CYCU-1126), levamisole HCL (CYCU-1128), tetramisole HCL (CYCU-1129), fenvalerate (CYCU-1132), NSC-663284 (CYCU-1138), and BML-267ester (CYCU-1148), were inhibitory to bone mineralization. We also found that alendronate enhanced the level of bone mineralization by inhibiting osteoclast-related genes. To sum up, our research showed that zebrafish may have potential to be a drug-screening and mechanism-analysis platform for bone mineralization.
Implant-Related Complications and Mortality After Use of Short or Long Gamma Nail for Intertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Horner Nolan S. , Samuelsson Kristian , Solyom Janos , Bjørgul Kristian , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Östman Bengt
Published: September 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rates of implant-related complications and mortality after treatment of an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture with a short or long Gamma nail.

Methods:

Between September 1998 and August 2003, 644 patients at 2 centers treated with a long or short Gamma nail for a hip fracture were prospectively enrolled in this study. These patients were followed until they reached 1 of the study end points, which included death, a reoperation directly related to the Gamma nail, or the end date of the study.

Results:

The average age (and standard deviation) of the patients included in the study was 81.3 ± 8.6 years at the time of the operation, and 28.3% of the patients were male. The rate of implant-related complications was 9.9%. The most common complications included peri-implant fracture (4.2%), proximal lateral thigh discomfort requiring extraction of the implant (2.0%), and lag-screw cutout (1.1%). Interestingly, more than half (56%) of the 27 peri-implant fractures occurred >1.5 years after the index operation. The median time from the operation to death was 2.9 years (range, 0 to 17.1 years). The 30-day mortality rate after treatment was 9.5%. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class-3 or 4 physical status had a significantly higher risk of mortality than ASA class-1 patients.

Conclusions:

Gamma nails are effective in the treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. However, 9.8% of patients had complications requiring additional surgery. The most common serious complications include peri-implant fracture and lag-screw cutout. Several peri-implant fractures occurred long after the index procedure. Patients had a high rate of mortality (27%) after 1 year, and higher preoperative ASA class was found to be a predictor of increased risk of mortality. Therefore, clinicians must carefully consider patients’ preoperative comorbidities when counselling patients on the risks of surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Conclusion
Authors: Godart G. Clinton
Published: September 2017

Evolutionary theory was not passively accepted but actively interpreted, constructed, and used over the course of a century. In pre-war Japan evolutionary theory and religion clashed mainly for political reasons. But overall religious thought and evolutionary theory mutually stimulated each other. Throughout Japanese modern history, religious thinkers tried to come to terms with evolution while rejecting materialist and individualist interpretations of nature, and find alternatives to the "struggle for survival" by finding the divine in nature and evolution itself.
At the End of the Journey
Authors: Park Jin Y.
Published: September 2017

Chapter 6 is a response to Iryŏp’s critics and a consideration of the relationship between Buddhism and society. The chapter claims that by relating her life stories in her books, Iryŏp made a woman’s life visible. It is a statement that a woman’s life is not a disposable and forgettable component in a patriarchal society. Her books are the witnesses to her life and the lives of other women; it was Iryŏp’s way of getting engaged with women’s issues. Iryŏp’s writing is her testimony about what it means to live as an independent being. Her last book In Between Happiness and Misfortune efficiently demonstrates how women’s lives, their struggles, and Buddhist teaching interact.
Multiple Meanings of Development
Authors: Bulloch Hannah C. M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides a genealogy of the idea of development in Western thought and reviews related “post-development” arguments which critique the ways in which discourses of development construct subaltern peoples. It then brings together ethnographic work that traces how people in specific localities adopt, conceive of, deploy and negotiate discourses and practices of development and the politics inherent in this. In reviewing this, at each step the author further advances key arguments in the literature, with reference to the material pertaining to Siquijor detailed in the chapters that follow.The author then argues that discourses of development can simultaneously yet differentially act on power relations at different scales, from local to global.
Living off the Land
Authors: Bulloch Hannah C. M.
Published: September 2017

This chapter expands on the exploration of meanings of development at the personal and familial level, finding narratives of development woven into personal histories and aspirations. It recounts the life stories of four village residents, revealing that they understand the local livelihoods of fishing and farming as inextricably tied to poverty and formal education and labor migration as key to breaking from the land. These desires for upward mobility through education and migration are more than economic – they are part of a desire to become a cosmopolitan person, a person at home in the wider world and admired in the village. In this sense, local notions of development on Siquijor concern changes in cultural style, bodily form and knowledge.