bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Profile of Blood Stream Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Authors: Paul Manisha , Bhatia Mohit , Rekha Udayakumar Sasi , Omar Balram Ji , Gupta Pratima ,   Diksha
Published: September 2020

Context Febrile neutropenia is a serious complication of chemotherapy affecting patients with both hematological and solid malignancies, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, there is paucity of literature from Uttarakhand, India on microbiological profile of blood stream infections (BSIs) in febrile neutropenic patients.

Aims The study aims to generate preliminary data on microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of BSIs in febrile neutropenic patients.

Settings and Design  The design involved cross-sectional study from January 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019.

Methods and Materials Data of nonrepetitive paired peripheral blood samples obtained from 306 consecutive febrile neutropenic cancer patients of all age groups and both sexes, for culture and sensitivity testing, were retrospectively analyzed. All blood samples were subjected to aerobic culture using BACT/ALERT three-dimensional microbial detection system. Growth obtained in culture was identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.

Statistical Analysis Used  Fisher’s exact test was used for the analysis.

Results Mean age ± SD of the study population was 32.39 ± 10.56 years with a male to female ratio of 1.55:1. 74.18% of the blood samples were received from patients suffering from hematological malignancies. Microbiologically confirmed BSIs were observed in 27.1% patients. Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly isolated in culture with Klebsiella spp. being the most common. Percentage resistance values of gram-negative bacilli to aminoglycosides, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and doxycycline were 26.6 to 91.7%, 8.3 to 86.6%, 10 to 66.7%, 13.3 to 73.3%, 8.3 to 73.3%, 80 to 93.3%, 13.3 to 20%, 16.7 to 66.6%, and 13.3 to 16.7%, respectively.

Conclusion Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program along with hospital infection control practices is needed for preventing BSIs due to MDR organisms.
Plasma simulations reveal important parameters affecting inductive discharges
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: September 2020

Spacecraft thermal protection systems can be studied by inductively coupled plasma wind tunnels, allowing researchers to understand how plasma parameters affect heat resistance.
Quantitative determination of short-range order in magnetostrictive Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals
Authors: Laroche Richard A. , Guruswamy Sivaraman
Published: September 2020

FeGa alloys are an important class of magnetostrictive materials for use in actuators and sensors. Quantitative determination of short-range order is critical for a fundamental understanding of the correlation of thermal history with magnetostriction in these and other α-Fe based alloys. This paper presents quantitative assessments of short-range order (SRO) from the diffuse peaks in the high-resolution x-ray diffraction scan data of as-grown and high-temperature annealed Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals. The peak analyzed was the diffuse peak in the forbidden (100) peak region of the diffraction pattern of bcc Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals. The [001]-oriented Fe-12.5 at. % Ga alloy single crystals were obtained using the vertical Bridgman technique. To quantitatively assess SRO in these alloy single crystals, the x-ray scattering intensities obtained were converted to absolute intensity in electron scattering units. To do this, reference scans were performed on a fully dense polystyrene sample. A Python language based code was used for the analysis of short-range order, and the values for the SRO coefficients up to the seventh shell were determined. These values agree with the type of ordering indicated by (111) scans of these crystals.
Teaching Physics for the First Time
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary
Published: September 2020

This book is designed to be a quick and easy resource for anyone teaching physics for the first time, whether he/she is new to teaching or new to teaching physics. Jan Mader and Mary Winn have worked extensively with beginning teachers and with teachers who were teaching physics and/or physical sciences without formal preparation in the content areas.

The goal of the book is to provide a supply of reliable activities (labs, demos, etc.) that work easily when attempted in the classroom. The activities emphasize the hands-on approach to learning physics concepts. Lesson plans written in learning cycles as well as teacher notes for every activity are included.

The book is not the end — it is a beginning of a “bag of tricks” on which new physics teachers will build. Soon both the instructor and students will realize that a day without physics does not exist and that physics is a “phun” adventure.
Teaching About Cosmology
Authors: Krauss Lawrence M. , Starkman Glenn D.
Published: September 2020

This AAPT/PTRA resource book explores concepts ranging from the origins of the universe and the Big Bang theory, to aspects of the universe such as age, weight and expansion, to dark matter, cosmic microwave background, clustering, and modern physics. Exercises for students will help them grasp complex theories concerning the universe.
Levels of Inquiry Model for Physics Teaching
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

The processes of scientific inquiry are often treated as an amalgam of nonhierarchical activities. There is a critical need to synthesize a model for a more effective promotion of inquiry processes. This chapter presents a new hierarchy of teaching practices and intellectual processes, the Levels of Inquiry Model for Physics Teaching. Each level of inquiry is presented, with examples from a study of buoyancy, that can help science teachers promote an increasingly sophisticated understanding of scientific inquiry among students.
Teaching and Physics Education Research
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

While efforts to improve science teaching began in the early 1900s, the modern field of physics education research (PER) had its beginnings primarily in the 1970s. Since that time, the numbers of PER findings and published articles have risen dramatically. This chapter summarizes key findings of PER and points out an array of teaching and curricular resources that can be used to promote effective instruction and improved learning. Teachers should be informed by PER findings as well as personal experience and teaching philosophy.
Using Technology Effectively
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

The technology available to schools has exponentially increased the opportunities for teaching and learning as compared to only a few decades ago. Many state and national standards mandate that teachers integrate technology and engineering education into standard science courses. The integration of technology allows students to develop twenty-first-century skills. However, teachers using technology should exercise caution. Teachers should avoid the use of technology “for technology's sake.” This chapter describes the benefits of and rationales for using technology in the physics classroom and provides practical examples of and advice for how technology can be seamlessly interwoven with physics instruction.
The NGSS and Reality-Based Learning
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

The Next Generation Science Standards promote a new view of science education that incorporates three dimensions of learning: Disciplinary Core Ideas, Crosscutting Concepts, and Science and Engineering Practices. The goal of including these three dimensions in K-12 education is to help students to not only know science, but to help them use this knowledge to investigate the natural world through the practices of scientific inquiry and engineering design. This chapter focuses on each of these dimensions, providing examples of how physics teachers can weave into their day-to-day teaching reality-based learning such as problem- and project-based learning.
Metacognition and Self-Regulation
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Metacognition literally means “beyond knowing.” It consists of knowing about one's knowing, or, in other words, knowing what one knows and does not know. Students who think about and come to know what it is that they actually know in comparison to what they should know can employ self-regulation—the practice of correcting deficiencies in one's knowledge—to increase their academic achievements. Teaching self-regulation skills entails helping students to fill gaps in their understanding and challenges them to defend their mental schema internally. Teachers who teach in ways that help students think metacognitively and use self-regulation for learning will see their students become much more academically successful. This chapter focuses on some of the many strategies that teachers can use to maximize student performance.
Classroom Conversations and Socratic Dialogue
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Effective classroom conversations are critical to the teaching and learning process. Historically, education has been seen as “transmissionist”—a one-way communication process going from teacher to student. Today we understand that learning is maximized when it is based on two-way communication. It is critical for teachers to understand what students are thinking, as it provides a check on student understanding and retention while supporting their sensemaking of new ideas.
Teaching High School Physics
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Teaching High School Physics is centered on the principle that teachers need to be educated rather than trained and helps to form a substantive and substantiated foundation for a new way of teaching. Providing a mix of theory and practice, these books describe more than 40 important topics and encourage an inquiry-oriented approach to physics teaching. They include numerous examples and helpful resources.

Managing the Physics Classroom:Prepares physics teachers with a solid philosophical and practical foundation on how to manage the classroomAddresses the professional practice of teaching from curriculum development to lesson planning to assessment to evaluationInforms readers about how to engage in the physics education community as a leader

Teaching High School Physics is suitable for teacher candidates, experienced in-service physics teachers, and educators seeking a detailed reference guide to the many subjects being addressed in today's teaching reform movements.
Classroom Management
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

As Einstein and Infeld noted in their work The Evolution of Physics, “In the whole history of science, from Greek philosophy to modern physics, there have been constant attempts to reduce the apparent complexity of natural phenomena to some simple fundamental ideas and relations. This is the underlying principle of all natural philosophy.” Classroom management—though not exactly a “natural phenomenon”—is a complex skill in need of simplification for teachers to use it effectively. In this chapter, we describe the 5F Method of Classroom Management, specifically designed to support student behavior. We include fundamental ideas and relations that can help teachers establish an environment that supports positive student behavior.
Evaluation
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: September 2020

Evaluation is the process of placing value or worth on student performance and is based upon data from student assessment. Teachers evaluate whenever they assign grades to students. Because grades carry with them certain connotations, some teachers recommend that letter grades be replaced with other types of measurements or descriptive narratives. These replacement evaluative systems also have their difficulties. In the end, there is no perfect way to assign grades, but a solid foundation in the meaning of grades can help teachers to develop a system that is effective for their own instructional and assessment styles.
Relationships, social networks and the emergence of recovery-based river management: implications for practice and policy
Authors: Mould Simon , Fryirs Kirstie , Howitt Richard
Published: September 2020

Sustainable, science-based freshwater-ecosystem management requires strong and integrated systems and policies for governance and knowledge management. Often the focus is on availability of technical information, whereas deeper knowledge development, sharing and implementation also require social networks that cross disciplinary and organisational boundaries. This research investigated emergence and development of river-rehabilitation practices based on principles of geomorphic river recovery through periods of institutional, political and policy change. Document analysis and oral testimony indicated that informal or emergent social networks, forming communities of practice, have been critical for developing, sharing and implementing river-recovery principles through these phases of change. However, social networks and the tacit knowledge held by networks and individuals are insecure and may be vulnerable to loss if investments are not made in relationships and the ‘relational resources’ that provide resilience during periods of change. We see social relationships as critical to realisation of integrative, science-based freshwater-ecosystem management and governance in the long term and across local, state, national and international scales. This must be supported by policy that recognises the value of cross-organisational connection and provides institutional stability, while offering sufficient flexibility and openness for collaborative and adaptive governance in management of freshwater ecosystems.
Coronaviruses and Australian bats: a review in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Peel Alison J. , Field Hume E. , Aravena Manuel Ruiz , Edson Daniel , McCallum Hamish , Plowright Raina K. , Prada Diana
Published: September 2020

Australia’s 81 bat species play vital ecological and economic roles via suppression of insect pests and maintenance of native forests through pollination and seed dispersal. Bats also host a wide diversity of coronaviruses globally, including several viral species that are closely related to SARS-CoV-2 and other emergent human respiratory coronaviruses. Although there are hundreds of studies of bat coronaviruses globally, there are only three studies of bat coronaviruses in Australian bat species, and no systematic studies of drivers of shedding. These limited studies have identified two betacoronaviruses and seven alphacoronaviruses, but less than half of Australian species are included in these studies and further research is therefore needed. There is no current evidence of spillover of coronaviruses from bats to humans in Australia, either directly or indirectly via intermediate hosts. The limited available data are inadequate to determine whether this lack of evidence indicates that spillover does not occur or occurs but is undetected. Conversely, multiple international agencies have flagged the potential transmission of human coronaviruses (including SARS CoV-2) from humans to bats, and the consequent threat to bat conservation and human health. Australia has a long history of bat research across a broad range of ecological and associated disciplines, as well as expertise in viral spillover from bats. This strong foundation is an ideal platform for developing integrative approaches to understanding bat health and sustainable protection of human health.
Effectiveness of simulations versus traditional approach in teaching physics
Authors: Pucholt Zdeněk
Published: September 2020

Computers and computer simulations are no longer new tools in education. The question is whether computer simulations can partially or even completely replace the traditional approaches. In this paper, we describe the outcome of our research, where computer simulations as teaching tools were a competitor to the traditional approach at local grammar schools. Selected factors that may influence the results were taken into account, such as the topic, the teacher’s role or the worksheet layout and its style of guidance. We arranged several modules of didactic experiments, and those showing different ways of organizing the structure of a module are described here. As our results show, computer simulations provide comparable options and are a fully fledged teaching tool, and not only a complementary one.
Effects of metal fluoride/sulfide microparticles generated by consecutive high-pulse-power breakdowns on the insulating performance in compressed SF6
Authors: Yan Wenlong , Wang Zhenxing , Shang Wei , Su Jiancang , Cao Zhiyuan , Zhou Zhipeng , Sun Liqiong , Wang Jianhua
Published: September 2020

Spark gas switches (SGS) are widely used in various pulsed power applications where sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is still dominant because of its excellent insulating performance. However, particle contamination generated by SF6 possesses some special properties that can greatly reduce the effectiveness of the gas switches. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of particles generated spontaneously by consecutive breakdowns of high-pulse-power SGS on the insulating performance in compressed SF6. A double electrode/double pulse method, coupled with laser scattering and laser shadow photography, is adopted to detect the particles and examine their specific roles in the breakdown process. Many large particles in SF6, of approximately 150 μm in diameter, are observed at about 80 milliseconds after a single breakdown. Furthermore, numerous particles gradually suspend and accumulate in the gap after consecutive breakdowns. Particles generated by SF6 can reach tens of micrometers in size. They have rough microtopography covered by abundant floccules, and contain rich electronegative elements: fluorine and sulfur. Moreover, particle-involved abnormal breakdowns in SF6 usually occur with nearly equal threshold and probability in spite of the increasing consecutive breakdowns, and conversely, the abnormal breakdowns in N2 appear more frequently and unsteadily with a high dispersibility. The analysis of field enhancement caused by these large metal-fluoride/sulfide particles shows that they can directly cause significant field emission (FE) due to their properties of surface-field enhancement and causticity. Such FE further triggers micro-discharge. Subsequently, this behavior eventually leads to abnormal breakdowns at a lower threshold.
Ratio-cut background removal method and its application in near-wall PTV measurement of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Wang Longwei , Pan Chong , Liu Jianhua , Cai Chujiang
Published: September 2020

Optical contamination due to wall reflection creates limitations for near-wall velocity field measurement via either particle image velocimetry (PIV) or particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). In this paper, a simple image pre-processing method, i.e. the ratio cut method, is proposed to deal with this problem. It is based on the ratio between the grayscale intensities of tracer particles and those of the laser-illuminated background, on which a direct minimum cut is applied on the basis of a non-dimensional threshold for background removal. To evaluate its performance in near-wall measurement, this ratio cut method, along with two other typical pre-processing methods, i.e. the minimum removal method and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) filtering method, are applied to particle images in the near-wall region of turbulent boundary layers over an opaque roughness wall (ORW), whose characteristic roughness height is small enough to be regarded as hydraulically smooth, but still gives rise to severe wall reflection. Results for a case involving a transparent smooth wall, which suffers less from wall reflection issues, and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data at a similar Reynolds number are employed as reference baselines for performance evaluation. The examination of pre-processed particle images, as well as the probability density function (PDF) of grayscale intensities, indicates that the ratio cut method is capable of eliminating time-dependent flare, reducing noise level, and retaining low-intensity particles in the ORW case. These features are almost completely absent in both the minimum removal method and the POD filtering method. In addition, PTV-obtained velocity statistics for an ORW, pre-processed by the ratio cut method, including data relating to fluctuating intensity and the PDF distribution of fluctuating velocity, are shown to be more consistent with those relating to baseline cases than data obtained by either of the the other two methods used for comparison. Moreover, evidence is also provided regarding the superiority and robustness of this approach, in terms of estimating the mean skin friction from the near-all mean velocity profile.
NiOx nanoparticles obtained from hydrothermally treated NiC2O4 as an electron blocking layer for organic photodetectors
Authors: Li Yi , Mao Longmei , Yu Longxin , Li Xifeng , Zhang Jianhua
Published: September 2020

A room-temperature p-type NiOx film synthesized from a NiC2O4 precursor via hydrothermal treatment is employed as an electron blocking layer (EBL) to fabricate organic photodetectors (OPDs). A simple and efficient calcine process at 375 °C in air decomposes the NiC2O4 particles into NiOx, removes organic components and crystal water, and releases CO2 gas. Our experimental results indicate that this gaseous by-product prevents the agglomeration of NiOx, which yields smaller nanoparticles (5–10 nm). The formation of an EBL at room temperature improves device performance. After optimization, the performance parameters obtained, including dark current density, responsivity, specific detectivity and response, are 1.13 × 10−7 A cm−2, 0.74 A W−1, 3.86 × 1012 Jones, and 0.5/8 ms, respectively. Additionally, the dark current is reduced by more than an order of magnitude after the insertion of the NiOx layer. The proposed simple and easy method for producing an EBL could be beneficial for the commercial low-temperature and large-area preparation of OPDs.
Catalyst-free synthesis of copper oxide composites as solar radiative filters
Authors: Fang Fang , Rogers Joanne , Leveneur Jérôme , Rubanov Sergey , Koo Annette , Kennedy John
Published: September 2020

Copper oxide composites were successfully synthesized by a catalyst-free method, plasma arc technology. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed a mixture of crystalline copper oxide (CuO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and copper (Cu) phases of the copper oxide composites constitute of irregularly spheroidal particlesµ with nanoparticles aggregate on the surface. Gas pressure during plasma arc process noticeably influences the composition and solar radiative properties of the composite materials. Among the samples studied, the composites synthesized with an arc current of 80 A and a pressure of 300 Torr exhibited the highest near infrared diffuse reflectance, providing a total solar reflectance of 22.96%. The mixed phase composition together with the nanostructures among the composites are considered to contribute to the excellent near infrared reflectance of copper oxide composites. Low reflectance in the visible region combined with high reflectance in the near infrared region make this composite material a good candidate for solar reflective coating which will demonstrate black appearance but keep a cool surface under solar irradiation.
Incorporation ZnS quantum dots into carbon nanotubes for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Shi Tianyu , Zhao Chenyuan , Yin Chuan , Yin Haihong , Song Changqing , Qin Lin , Wang Zhiliang , Shao Haibao , Yu Ke
Published: September 2020

Constructing sulfur hosts with high electronic conductivity, large void space, strong chemisorption, and rapid redox kinetics is critically important for their practical applications in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, by coupling ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one multifunctional sulfur host CNT/ZnS-QDs is designed via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. SEM and TEM analyses reveal that small ZnS-QDs (<5 nm) are uniformly anchored on the CNT surface as well as encapsulated into CNT channels. This special architecture ensures sulfur direct contacting with highly conductive CNTs; meanwhile, the catalytic effect of anchored ZnS-QDs improves the chemisorption and confinement to polysulfides. Benefiting from these merits, when used as sulfur hosts, this special architecture manifests a high specific capacity, superior rate capability, and long-term cycling stability. The ZnS-QDs dependent electrochemical performance is also evaluated by adjusting the mass ratio of ZnS-QDs, and the host of CNT/ZnS-QDs 27% owns the optimal cell performance. The specific capacity decreases from 1051 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C to 544 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C, showing rate capability much higher than CNT/S and other CNT/ZnS-QDs/S samples. After 150 cycles, the cyclic capacity at 0.5 C exhibits a slow reduction from 1051 mAh g−1 to 771 mAh g−1, showing a high retention of 73.4% with a coulombic efficiency of over 99%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that this special architecture juggles high conductivity and excellent confinement of polysulfides, which can significantly suppress the notorious shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics. The strategy in this study provides a feasible approach to design efficient sulfur hosts for realizing practically usable LSBs.
Effective brain connectivity for fNIRS data analysis based on multi-delays symbolic phase transfer entropy
Authors: Wang Yalin , Chen Wei
Published: September 2020

Objective. Recently, effective connectivity (EC) calculation methods for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data mainly face two problems: the first problem is that noise can seriously affect the EC calculation and even lead to false connectivity; the second problem is that it ignores the various real neurotransmission delays between the brain region, and instead uses a fixed delay coefficient for calculation. Approach. To overcome these two issues, a delay symbolic phase transfer entropy (dSPTE) is proposed by developing traditional transfer entropy (TE) to estimate EC for fNIRS. Firstly, the phase time sequence was obtained from the original sequence by the Hilbert transform and state-space reconstruction was realized using a uniform embedding scheme. Then, a symbolization technique was applied based on a neural-gas algorithm to improve its noise robustness. Finally, the EC was calculated on multiple time delay scales to match different inter-region neurotransmission delays. Main results. A linear AR model, a nonlinear model and a multivariate hybrid model were introduced to simulate the performance of dSPTE, and the results showed that the accuracy of dSPTE was the highest, up to 74.27%, and specificity was 100% which means no false connectivity. The results confirmed that the dSPTE method realized better noise robustness, higher accuracy, and correct identification even if there was a long delay between series. Finally, we applied dSPTE to fNIRS dataset to analyse the EC during the finger-tapping task, the results showed that EC strength of task state significantly increased compared with the resting state. Significance. The proposed dSPTE method is a promising way to measure the EC for fNIRS. It incorporates the phase information TE with a symbolic process for fNIRS analysis for the first time. It has been confirmed to be noise robust and suitable for the complex network with different coupling delays.
Operate P300 speller when performing other task
Authors: Huang Yihao , He Feng , Xu Minpeng , Qi Hongzhi
Published: September 2020

Objective. The P300 speller is a classic brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigm that has the potential to restore impaired motor control function. However, previous studies have confirmed that the letter recognition accuracy (LRA) of the P300 speller is a challenge when performing other tasks. Approach. To address this, we implemented a dynamic stopping strategy (DSS) to maintain the P300 speller LRA when performing multiple tasks simultaneously. Multiple tasks with dynamic workload levels were adopted to simulate the brain’s other thinking activities while operating P300 speller. A Bayes-based DSS offline model was built in single-task (only P300 speller task) and an online P300 speller system was established to test the DSS algorithm feasibility in dual-task. Main results. Online experimental results showed that the P300 speller with DSS could achieve a high LRA (96.9%) under dual-task, which was similar to single-task (98.7%, p = 0.126). Under dual-task, DSS dynamically adjusted the discriminant confidence according to the workload levels of the distraction tasks (correlation coefficient r = −0.68). Therefore, DSS can increase the repeated sequences to compensate for the reduction of P300 speller signal-to-noise ratio caused by parallel thinking activities. The average of repeated sequences increased significantly from 4.98 times under single-task to 6.22 times under dual-task (p < 0.005). These results indicated that the P300 speller feature is robust and the DSS model built in single-task maintained the applicability in various dual-tasks. Significance. Overall, this study provides a basis for the implementation of laboratory-developed BCI in real-world environments.
The connection between the form of ownership and the activeness of the capital assets renewal in agriculture
Authors: Ivanova Z M , Kokova S F , Sarbasheva E M , Khochueva Z M , Zhitteeva M Kh
Published: September 2020

The debate about what type of property — state, private, cooperative — is more efficient for production has not ceased since the late 80s - early 90s of the last century. Apparently, it cannot be solved outside the context of the industry, management, the size of the enterprise, and some other signs of production. In agriculture, the private ownership on main means of production is not uniquely preferable to stimulate their renewal over the state and cooperative without certain (explicit or hidden) preferences by the state. It, like other forms of ownership, is preferable only for a certain size, type, and industry, as well as prevailing social relations, which directly or indirectly provide various kinds of preferences to business entities with a private form of ownership. The article attempts to resolve this issue not theoretically, as it is done in most works, but on the basis of empirical data in the context of capital assets renewal and technical and technological modernization in agriculture.
Modeling of disk sowing apparatus operation process
Authors: Shekikhachev Y A , Mishhozhev V H , Shekikhacheva L Z , Zhigunov R H , Mishhozhev Kan V , Mishhozhev Kaz V
Published: September 2020

As foreign and domestic experience in livestock breeding shows, cultivated pastures are highly efficient and are considered to be a reliable source of consistent provision of animals with green feed during the pasture period. Free feeding of animals on pastures is a natural way of feeding them, which is created by nature within the framework of a single ecosystem in which natural grassland vegetation grows. One of the most expensive items in animal breeding is feed production. To exemplify this, when keeping animals on cultural pastures, there is a decrease in the relevant share of expenses for feed production in the structure of aggregate expenses compared to their management in livestock buildings by 2 times (from 60 … 65% to 30%), and the expenses on purchasing fuels and lubricants by 6 … 7 times. It has been established that in the North Caucasus region three methods of creating cultural pastures are used: based on existing natural and artificial grasses through their surface improvement (by carrying out cultural work, regulating the water-air regime of the soil, combating weed and poisonous vegetation, sowing grass, fertilizing); radical improvement of natural fodder farmland, i.e. the creation of artificial cultural pastures; using pasture crops of perennial grasses cultivated on strongly eroded slope lands to reduce or eliminate erosion processes. As can be seen from the above, the problem of creating cultural pastures on sloping lands is of great current interest.
Ergonomic design of overalls for agricultural workers of Uzbekistan
Authors: Pulatova Sabokhat , Bebutova Nargiza
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on the design of workwear based on ergonomic research. Conducted research allowed to obtain the results of the analysis of changes dimensional features and calculate dynamic effects for ergonomic patterns of postures of agricultural workers. The selection of the optimal values of the design parameters of workwear was carried out on based on the development of mathematical models using static methods of experiment planning, which makes it possible to implement all kinds of combinations of the considered levels of factors, and the results are evaluated using static analysis. On the basis of the carried out ergonomic researches results of the analysis of changes of dimensional signs and calculation of dynamic effects for ergonomic poses on the basis of which optimum sizes of additions on free fitting were chosen are received and the rational design of overalls for agricultural workers of Uzbekistan is constructed. Novelty of the constructive solution of overalls for agricultural workers is confirmed by the positive decision on issue of the patent Of Agency on intellectual property of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the industrial design of overalls under the application No. SAP 2018 0263.
Resource potential of introducing links with row crops in the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Kuzychenko Yu A
Published: September 2020

The introduction of links with row crops in the Stavropol territory is associated with the assessment of the territory resource potential. The monitoring of changes in the area under row crops in various soil and climate zones of the region over the eleven period (2008-2018) showed that a significant increase was established in the arid zone, zones of unstable and sufficient moisture by 5.0, 6.3 and 5.4 thousand hectares, respectively. Accepted criteria for the survey areas of the region: humus content in the arable layer, %; presence of saline, %; the relative indicator of the hydrothermal coefficient of the spring-summer period and the energy availability of equipment, allow using certain mathematical operations to calculate a generalized indicator of the resource potential of the Dfact for each specific area of the region. Areas with favorable resource potential have been identified (Dfact > 0.889), which occupy 20 % of the territory’s area, districts with Dfact within 0.78 – 0.889 have a satisfactory potential, their area is 51 %, the area with limited potential (Dfact <0.78) is 29% of the territory. The map with different resource potential zones, taking into account the contours of administrative districts, will allow specialists to navigate when making certain technological decisions when cultivating row crops.
Technology of specialized zoning of agricultural land for the purpose of their effective use
Authors: Kapitulina N A , Kotsur E V , Dolmatova O N
Published: September 2020

The article presents the technology of specialized zoning of agricultural land on the example of the Lubinsky municipal district of the Omsk region. It is noted that when organizing zoning, it is necessary to correctly identify the most important parameters that determine the leading direction of activity. It is proposed to carry out specialized zoning of agricultural lands for the purposes of their effective use in three stages, with each of the stages being the basis for the next. According to the indicators presented in the article, it is advisable to identify areas that will help assess the objective situation when planning production. These zones are represented by homogeneous complexes of signs and properties that determine the identity of ways to increase land fertility and give approximately the same effect at a certain level of use. Within the allotted zones, proposals for the preferential use of land are presented. In conclusion, it is indicated that the zoning carried out allows us to identify the potential of land resources for the implementation of efficient agricultural production. Zoning must be carried out using GIS technologies, the use of which will greatly simplify the work with information and cartographic databases.
The effect of non-traditional feed additives on the metabolism of young pigs in Yakutia
Authors: Chernogradskaya N M , Grigorev M F , Grigoreva A I , Stepanova S I
Published: September 2020

The results of the study on the effect of zeolite feed additives on digestibility of fodder and metabolism of young white pigs in Yakutia are presented in the article. Three groups of pigs with 15 animals each were formed for the experiment. The formation of groups was produced by the method of analogues. The control group consumed a ration, the experimental groups additionally received Hongurin’s zeolite at the rate of 0.15 g/kg of body weight with 5g of Kempendiai salt, and in the second experimental group pigs received 0.18 g/kg of Hongurin’s zeolite and 6g of Kempendiai salt. The grinding class of zeolite flour is 1 mm. Feed additives have affected the rate of digestion and metabolism. So the experimental groups digested the nutrients better than the control group in dry matter by 0.22% and 0.91%, in organic matter by 0.55% and 1.28%, in protein by 2.16% and 2, 96%, in fat by 3.83% and 4.45%, in fiber by 7.96% and 8.21%. When studying metabolism in terms of deposition of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in experimental groups of pigs, superiority over animals in the control group was observed. The best metabolism was observed in animals of the experimental groups that exceeded their analogues in nitrogen by 0.56% and 4.93%, in calcium by 2.18% and 20.06%, in phosphorus by 11.43% and 20.15%. Thus, the use of non-traditional feed additives zeolite hongurin in feeding pigs provides the intensity of digestion of feed and improves the metabolism of animals in Yakutia.
Agricultural policy and import substitution opportunities in the Russian Far East
Authors: Potenko T A , Zhupley I V , Schmidt Y I , Kvashko L P
Published: September 2020

The article considers the priorities of the agrarian policy of Russia in the historical period of the late XX - early XXI centuries, shows negative trends in food security in the context of sanctions. The indicators of food independence for the main types of agricultural products are calculated. It is concluded that the program for import substitution of livestock products in the Far East of Russia is being solved inefficiently; the region’s self-sufficiency in meat and dairy projection is low, critically dependent on external supplies. The principles of state policy on the development of the agricultural sector in Russia in the regions of the Far East are formulated.
The role of the name of agricultural products origin place in creating competitive advantages of the region
Authors: Pyzhikova N I , Chepeleva K V , Shmeleva Zh N , Marchenko J A
Published: September 2020

The definitions of the concepts of brand, trademark, name of the product origin place, products with a geographical indicator are examined, as well as their comparative analysis is conducted in the article. The analysis results of the status, prospects and issues of the development of products with name of production place in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk territory are presented. The elements of the brand platform with the name of the agricultural products origin place on the example of oilseeds processing, as well as the basic components of the concept of regional brand promotion are proposed. The main hypothesis of the research is that large territorial entities, in particular the Krasnoyarsk territory, with significant agro-climatic potential, can be considered as regions – producers of agro-industrial complex products, able to meet not only domestic needs, but also to be competitive in foreign markets through regional branding technologies and mechanisms of the products legal protection.
Formation of the dairy industry production potential: innovations and problems of their implementation
Authors: Fedorova M A , Gorodov A A
Published: September 2020

The formation of the production potential in the dairy cattle industry through the implementation of innovative processes is caused by the need of the modern economy and is necessary for the effective functioning and successful development of the industry in the long term, as well as for the fullest satisfaction of the needs of potential consumers for final products, in accordance with the numbers reflected in the Russian Federation’s Food Security Doctrine. The innovative activity of agricultural organizations is much lower than in Russia as a whole, which acts as a constraining factor for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy and the formation of production potential in a sectoral context. The development of tools to form the production potential of the industry on an innovative basis is an objective necessity in modern conditions of economic development and the functioning of domestic business entities.
Influence of technology without tillage on indicators of soil fertility in arid conditions of the South of Russia
Authors: Pismennaya E V , Azarova M Yu , Stukalo V A , Perederieva V M
Published: September 2020

Winter wheat is the main crop in the Stavropol Territory. Today, the grain crops cover an area of more than 1.9 million hectares. However, the cost of grain production is constantly growing. This leads to a decrease in the profitability of its cultivation. Agricultural field cultivation enterprises are moving from traditional to more resource-saving technologies - technology without tillage. This technology involves growing crops without tillage. In the Stavropol Territory and its arid zone, the technology has not been sufficiently studied for its widespread introduction into production. In this regard, the cultivation of winter wheat using new technology is of scientific and practical interest to research its influence on the germination of fields and the productivity of the main cash crop. Therefore, special attention is paid to the influence of No-till on the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of dark chestnut soils and crop rotation links in an arid climate. Research was conducted on the territory of the Agrokhleboprodukt Company, located within the borders of the Stavropol Territory. Sowing winter wheat is carried out using John Deere 1890, which allows sowing crops with the simultaneous supply of seed fertilizer. Agrochemical monitoring of the soil was carried out on the basis of the Stavropol Agrochemical Center. Monitoring of meteorological parameters was stationary in the field. Thus, the use of the No-till technology for 2017-2019 ensured the formation of winter wheat productivity in the range of 40.7-49.8 kg/ha. In order to stabilize the productivity of winter wheat attention should be paid to the dynamics of changes in agrochemical parameters: the content of humus and macronutrients in the soil. Regression analysis showed a close relationship between productivity and these values. The use of such precursors as chickpeas and sunflowers in grain rotations contributes to the softening and improvement of the agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soils.
Using natural fertilizers for increasing red clover seed productivity
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Shabanova I A
Published: September 2020

Considerable environmental significance of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a forage and medicinal herb, which increases soil productivity and serves as melliferous plant, provides the grounds for using its seeds for further cultivation. Resource-saving technologies of its cultivation have to be justified. To achieve the objective, we used natural fertilizers of local origin. They included Karmadon boron-containing mineral water and Alanit zeolite clay; besides, we had to determine the right preceding crop in crop rotation link in order to achieve maximum possible seed harvest. Seed grass was planted in mountain and foothill conditions after different preceding crops. It was established that the best preceding crops for red clover are winter cereals that enrich areas with a considerable amount of boron and molybdenum. We determined optimal doses for foliar feeding with mineral water and pre-sowing seed treatment. Clover plantings were placed in wide rows after the first forage mowing to ensure better flower pollination. On the slopes, we placed medic plantings with extensive root system in the row spacing of third-year clover by so decreasing erosion processes. The use of natural fertilizers containing macro- and microelements contributed to increasing seed productivity by 17-25%. We established the advantage of wide-row sowing with undersowing medic in the row spacing for decreasing erosion processes in mountain conditions.
The development prospects for the raw material base and the edible vegetable oils production in the Krasnoyarsk territory
Authors: Chepeleva K V , Shmeleva Zh N
Published: September 2020

The article presents the research results on the market prospects of agricultural enterprises engaged in the oilseeds cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk territory. The role of oilseeds, in particular rapeseed, in the world production, the rapeseed industry condition and geography, the history of industrial production of edible oils in the Russian Federation, as well as the regional experience in the SFD and the problems that hinder the oilseeds production and processing are considered. The analysis of oilseeds production and processing in the Krasnoyarsk territory is presented. The assessment of the Krasnoyarsk territory export activity in the oilseeds market is given. The strategy of gradual development of the Asia-Pacific region target market – China and key marketing elements are defined. The strategy implementation is possible on the condition of support for investment projects implemented in the Krasnoyarsk territory for the development and strengthening of the raw material base, storage and industrial processing of oilseeds, the creation of production of various types of edible and technical oils, as well as cake production.
Traceability as a tool for managing the economic viability of a poultry enterprise
Authors: Valdokhina S I , Roiter L M
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article is to consider the traceability system of poultry products from the perspective of a tool for managing economic viability. The analysis of the main indicators of the industry, which indicate the ambiguity of their quantitative and qualitative characteristics, was carried out. Relative to the first position, the industry has a positive trend, and the second is integrated in financial results, the magnitude of which depends on external and internal factors and, above all, on the competitiveness of poultry products, which can be achieved by implementing quality management and traceability systems. The results of analytics of individual industry leaders confirm this conclusion. A fragmented substantive study of this problem is illustrated by the example of a slaughter and processing workshop with access to relevant recommendations.