bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa anomalies: An overview
Authors: Novakov-Mikic Aleksandra , Koprivsek Katarina , Lucic Milos , Belopavlovic Zoran , Stojic Sinisa , Sekulic Slobodan
Published: July 2009

Ultrasonography of the central nervous system is an integral part of a prenatal scan, and the development of imaging technologies has led to better diagnostic possibilities. Posterior fossa anomalies have traditionally been divided into Dandy Walke malformation, Dandy Walker variation and megacisterna magna, but this approach, due to diversity of the extensive number of possible disorders covered by this classification, unables accurate prognosis and therefore adequate counselling. An alternative approach to the classification of posterior fossa anomalies is to divide them into agenesis of the vermis, which could be partial or complete, cerebellar hypoplasia, pontocerebellar hypoplasia and cerebellar atrophy. Different ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imagining of appearances of the posterior fossa anomalies in prenatal period are discussed in the article, as well as possible syndromes and prognosis of different entities. Diversity of anomalies of the central nervous system, and in particular, subtle differences in prenatal appearances of posterior fossa anomalies, which may have major impact on the prognosis, demand a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders work-ups as well as individual approach to every case involving of a team of experts in the field of perinatology, radiology, paediatrics, neurology and genetics.
Panic attacks simulate presence of somatic illnesses
Authors: Latas Milan , Soldatovic Ivan , Stamenovic Marko , Starcevic Vladan
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Panic attacks are characterized with sudden attacks of anxiety with numerous somatic symptoms, such as palpitations, tachycardia, tachypnea, nausea, vertigo. The objective of this study was to analyze symptoms of panic attacks in patients with panic disorder, especially, to determine the specific relationship of somatic and neurological symptoms of panic attacks in boundaries of somatic systems. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 97 patients with primary diagnosis of panic disorder, without any acute, severe and unstable somatic illness. The presence and frequency of symptoms of panic attacks were estimated by the Panic Disorder Questionnaire. Results. The study results indicate that the most frequent symptoms of panic attacks were cardiological signs (heart pounding or racing) and trembling, followed by unsteady and fainting feeling symptoms, sweating, respiratory symptoms and gastroenterological symptoms. The results of correlation analyses indicate that symptoms of panic attacks classified into cardio-vascular, gastro-enterological, respiratory and neuro-otological systems show statistically significant correlations. Conclusion. The results of analyses of symptoms of panic attacks point to their intercorrelation. This specific association of the symptoms, if they are examined on their own in the patients, could lead to false clinical manifestation of some somatic illness. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze adequately and make the proper differential diagnosis of patients with panic disorder.
Prognostic factors in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Uzurov-Dinic Vera , Savic Aleksandar , Lazarevic Tanja , Cemerikic-Martinovic Vesna , Agic Danijela , Popovic Stevan
Published: July 2009

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive type of lymphoma, potentially curable, with heterogeneous prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic significance of clinical, laboratory and immunohystochemical factors. The retrospective study was done in 50 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The following parameters were investigated: demographic (age, sex), clinical (time to diagnosis, B symptoms, clinical stage), laboratory (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, albumine), standard and revised international prognostic index, and immunohystochemical parameters, cluster designation 20, B-cell-2, and Ki67 expression. There were 20 females and 30 males, their average age being 54 (22-83) years. The majority of patients had advanced disease: B symptoms in 76%, III and IV stage in 78%, increased lactate dehydrogenase in 74%, high risk standard international prognostic index in 62% of patients. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 expression was found in 57%, and high Ki67 in 62% of patients.Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, Etoposide, Prednisolone were conducted in 72% (36), and Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisolone-like treatment in 28% (14) of patients. The complete remission rate was 74%, and the partial remission rate was 9%. A significant difference in survival was found between low intermediate and high intermediate S-IPI risk groups, good and bad risk R-IPI, and patients with complete remission and patients with other treatment responses. The other parameters, including Bcl-2 and Ki67 expression, and type of treatment did not show significant influence on survival. The expected five-year survival was 69 %. Our results have shown that international prognostic index, and complete remission status have prognostic significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
Multiple anatomical malformations in 25-year old patient with heterotaxy: Case report
Authors: Filipovic Branka , Filipovic Branislav , Vukomanovic Vladislav , Milinic Nikola , Stojsic-Dzunja Ljubica
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Heterotaxy or situs ambiguus is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by abnormal situs with either left or right isomerism that usually coincides with A complex malformation. The classic left isomerism or bilateral left-sidedness or heterotaxy syndrome with polysplenia implies that patients have bilateral bilobed lungs, bilateral pulmonary atria, a centrally located liver, a stomach in indeterminate position, and multiple spleens, occasionaly associated with interruption of the inferior cava with azygos or hemiazygos continuation. Case report. We present a case of situs ambiguus associated with severe heart and vascular abnormalities in a 25-year-old male patient. On the admittance to our clinic the patient had history of biliary colic, moderate jaundice of the conjunctive and sclerae, and severe central cyanosis. The echocardiography revealed a large atrial septal defect, complete absence of the interventricular septum resulting in the single ventricle and the inversion of atria. The angiography obtained the hypoplastic inferior vena cava continuing with azygos vein that flowed into the left superior vena cava. The computerized tomography scans showed three splenuli in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and a single gallstone appeared in the left-positioned gallbladder. The contrast radiography showed complete transposition of the guts and stomach. Discussion and conclusion. To our knowledge, our patient with described severity of the anomalies had the longest life span in this part of Europe, although the longer survivors have been described in the other parts of the world. Furthermore, clinical characteristics of both left and right isomerism have been obtained in the patients with anatomically pronounced left isomerism.
Triple pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of hip dysplasia
Authors: Vukasinovic Zoran , Spasovski Dusko , Zivkovic Zorica , Slavkovic Nemanja , Cerovic Sofija
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Insufficient femoral head coverage is found in a variety of diseases, with acetabular dysplasia as the most frequent disorder and triple pelvic osteotomy as the most recently introduced surgical treatment. Objective. This study analyses pre- and postoperative pathoanatomic characteristics of triple in comparison to Salter and Chiari osteotomies, with a logistic regression analysis of outcome predictor and effect explanator factors in relation to the chosen type of operation. Methods. The study involved 136 adolescents treated with Salter and Chiari osteotomies or a triple pelvic osteotomy at the Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery 'Banjica' in Belgrade. The patients were between 10-20 years old at the time of operation. We collected and analyzed data from all the patients: illness history, operative parameters, preoperative and postoperative pathoanatomic data. The data was statistically processed using the statistical software SPSS, defining standard descriptive values, and by using the appropriate tests of analytic statistics: t-test for dependent and independent variables, ?2-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon's test, parameter correlation, one-way ANOVA, multi-factorial ANOVA and logistic regression, according to the type of the analyzed data and the conditions under which the statistical methods were applied. Results. The average CE angle after triple pelvic osteotomy was 43.5?, more improved than after the Salter osteotomy (33.0?) and Chiari osteotomy (31.4?) (F=16.822; p<0.01). Postoperative spherical congruence was also more frequent after the triple osteotomy than after the other two types of operations, and with a high significance. Preoperative painful discomfort was found to be a valid predictor of indications for the triple osteotomy over both Chiari and Salter osteotomies. The valid explanators of effect for the triple osteotomy are: postoperative joint congruence (compared to the Chiari osteotomy) and increase in joint coverage (compared to Salter osteotomy). Conclusion. Triple pelvic osteotomy is the method of choice in the management of acetabular dysplasia and other disturbances of hip joint containment in adolescent age.
Effects of balneotherapy on the reactants of acute inflammation phase in Ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Stamenkovic Bojana , Stankovic Aleksandra , Nedovic Jovan , Stojanovic Sonja , Dimic Aleksandar , Djordjevic Dragan , Bojanovic Mila
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects sacroiliac joints, spinal column and peripheral joints. Beside medication therapy, physical and balneotherapy play an important role in its complex treatment. Objective. The aim of the research was to establish serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), ? 1-acid glycoprotein (? 1-AGP), ceruloplasmine (CP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (SE) before and after the balneotherapy in ankylosing spondylitis. Methods. The research included 50 AS patients according to the revised New York criteria, of mean age 43 years, who were treated for 14 days on the average at the Clinic for Rheumatology of the Institute 'Niska Banja'. All the patients received medications and balneotherapy (radioactive oligomineral baths, peloid, massage, kinesitherapy); the serum concentrations of CRP, ?1-AGP, CP and SE were measured before and after balneotherapy. Serum proteins were determined using original Nor Partigen plates Boehringer. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured by Westergreen method. Balneotherapy was applied individually, intensively or mildly, depending on the AS stage and activity phase. Results. After dosed balneotherapy, a significant decrease in the concentrations of CP (p<0.05), ?1-AGP (p<0.01) and CRP (p<0.05) was registered in the serums of AS patients. ESR was not significantly reduced. Conclusion. The research proved that ? 1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmine and C-reactive protein represent more sensitive inflammation markers as compared to erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The identification of acute phase reactants is important in the evaluation of dosed balneotherapy efficiency in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.
Neurotoxicity during induction treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Two case reports
Authors: Kostic Gordana , Jovancic Danijela , Saranac Ljiljana , Bjelakovic Bojko
Published: July 2009

Introduction. During chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), children sometimes exhibit neurological disturbances. Chemiotherapeutic regimens include methotrexate, administered either intravenously or via intrathecal route. Although multiple drugs are used in addition to methotrexate, the acute neurotoxicity reported in patients is usually attributed to methotrexate. The acute neurotoxicity usually results in stroke-like symptoms such as aphasia, weakness, sensory deficits, ataxia and seizures. Outline of Cases. From 2002 until January 2008, 32 children with ALL were diagnosed and treated at the Children's Hospital in Nis. The patients' age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. They were treated in accordance with the protocol ALL IC-BFM 2002 (ALL Intercontinental Berlin Frankfurt M'nster 2002). Two of the patients (6.25%) exhibited neurotoxicity. After the occurrence of neurological symptoms, the patients were ophthalmologically and neurologically examined. In addition, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computerized tomography and electroencephalography were applied. The paper presents two patients, aged 9 and 15 years respectively, who exhibited acute neurotoxicity - methotrexate encephalopathy during ALL treatment. Both patients had tonic-clonic seizures and neurological symptoms in the course of the induction therapy. Neurotoxicity occurred 7 days after the third, and 3 days after the fourth intrathecal methotrexate therapy. MR images confirmed multi-focal morphological changes of brain density in one of the patients, while the other patient had normal CT reading. Even though the development significantly differed, the changes were reversible in both patients. Conclusion. The neurotoxicity in patients with ALL can be combined with significant structural changes of the brain, but also morphological changes can be absent. Several questions concerning aetiology and treatment of neurological events are raised.
Moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation: To operate or to ignore?
Authors: Tasic Nebojsa , Otasevic Petar , Boskovic Srdjan , Popov Petar
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by significant, symptomatic multivessel coronary disease and mitral regurgitation 2-3+. Case Outline. A 60-year-old patient was admitted at the Cardiovascular Institute 'Dedinje' due to the symptoms of unstable angina pectoris. He survived a myocardial infarction (inferoposterolateral localization) 8 years ago. On admission echocardiogram revealed regional disturbances of the left ventricle wall with ejection fraction of 25% and mitral regurgitation 2+. The patient underwent a triple coronary bypass with surgical correction of mitral regurgitation. Postoperative course was normal. Conclusion. Several authors are against surgical correction of MR in moderate ischemic MR due to several reasons: revascularization of ischemic areas will improve regional wall motion and correct MR, while mitral valve surgery adds significantly to the operative risk of coronary surgery. Other authors, however, favour combined operation emphasizing that in many patients coronary surgery alone will not correct a moderate ischemic MR. Today there is no consensus whether to operate the moderate ischemic MR or to ignore it. Some novel studies underscore significant predictors of a long-term survival of these patients: NYHA (New York Heart Association) class and left ventricle ejection fraction. In that respect a combined operation should be recommended in patients with heart failure and NYHA class III and IV.
Gastro-duodenal ulcers with perforation caused by short-term acetylsalicylic acid ingestion: Case report
Authors: Culafic Djordje , Matejic Olivera , Rudic Jelena
Published: July 2009

Introduction. Acetylsalicylic acid ingestion may cause serious gastrointestinal toxicity, in particular bleeding or perforated peptic ulcer. Case Outline. A 72-year-old male patient presented with diffuse abdominal pain, malaise, and dark stools. Several days before hospitalization, he had cerebrovascular insult and began to use acetylsalicylic acid of 100 mg per day. In physical findings a diffusely painful sensitivity of the abdomen was detected on palpation. Laboratory findings revealed hyposideremic anaemia with inflammatory syndrome. Native abdominal x-ray did not show the presence of pneumoperitoneum. Upper endoscopy of the gastric corpus and antrum revealed several ulcerations 10-11 mm in diameter covered with fibrin, with bleeding ulceration in the angulus region of the lesser gastric curvature. The bulbus was oedematous and hyperaemic with a perforated ulcer on the anterior wall. Upper central laparotomy showed a perforated duodenal bulbus. The posterior wall of the bulbus was normal, while the anterior wall was without scarring. Given the general condition of the patient and local findings, interrupted suture of the ulcer was performed with omentoplasty. Postoperative course was uneventful. A peroral diet was initiated on the 4th postoperative day, and the patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day. Conclusion. Elderly people who use acetylsalicylic acid in prophylaxis should take it in lower doses, with proton pump inhibitors, especially during the first two months.
Gingival crevicular fluid in the diagnosis of periodontal and systemic diseases
Authors: Cakic Sasa
Published: July 2009

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be found in the physiologic space (gingival sulcus), as well as in the pathological space (gingival pocket or periodontal pocket) between the gums and teeth. In the first case it is a transudate, in the second an exudate. The constituents of GCF originate from serum, gingival tissues, and from both bacterial and host response cells present in the aforementioned spaces and the surrounding tissues. The collection and analysis of GCF are the noninvasive methods for the evaluation of host response in periodontal disease. These analyses mainly focus on inflammatory markers, such as prostaglandin E2, neutrophil elastase and ?-glucuronidase, and on the marker of cellular necrosis - aspartat aminotransferase. Further, the analysis of inflammatory markers in the GCF may assist in defining how certain systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus) can modify periodontal disease, and how peridontal disease can influence certain systemic disorders (atherosclerosis, preterm delivery, diabetes mellitus and some chronic respiratory diseases). Major factors which influence the results obtained from the analyses of GCF are not only the methods of these analyses, but the method of GCF collection as well. As saliva collection is less technique-sensitive than GCF collection, some constituents of saliva which originate from the GCF can be analyzed as more amenable to chairside utilization.
On duality for nonsmooth Lipschitz optimization problems
Authors: Preda Vasile , Beldiman Miruna , Bătătorescu Antoan
Published: July 2009

We present some duality theorems for a non-smooth Lipschitz vector optimization problem. Under generalized invexity assumptions on the functions the duality theorems do not require constraint qualifications.
Optimality and duality for a class of nondifferentiable minimax fractional programming problems
Authors: Bătătorescu Antoan , Beldiman Miruna , Antonescu Iulian , Ciumara Roxana
Published: July 2009

Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are established for a class of nondifferentiable minimax fractional programming problems with square root terms. Subsequently, we apply the optimality conditions to formulate a parametric dual problem and we prove some duality results.
Duality for multiobjective fractional programming problems involving d -type-I n-set functions
Authors: Stancu-Minasian I.M. , Dogaru Gheorghe , Stancu Mădălina
Published: July 2009

We establish duality results under generalized convexity assumptions for a multiobjective nonlinear fractional programming problem involving d -type-I n -set functions. Our results generalize the results obtained by Preda and Stancu-Minasian [24], [25].
On solving stochastic MADM problems
Authors: Văduva Ion , Resteanu Cornel
Published: July 2009

The paper examines a MADM problem with stochastic attributes. The transformation of a stochastic MADM problem into a cardinal problem is done by the standardization of the probability distribution of each attribute X and calculating the information of each attribute as Shannon's entropy or Onicescu's informational energy. Some well known (performant) methods to solve a cardinal MADM problem are presented and a method for combining results of several methods to give a final MADM solution is discussed.
Using simplex method in verifying software safety
Authors: Vujosevic-Janicic Milena , Maric Filip , Tosic Dusan
Published: July 2009

In this paper we have discussed the application of the Simplex method in checking software safety - the application in automated detection of buffer overflows in C programs. This problem is important because buffer overflows are suitable targets for hackers' security attacks and sources of serious program misbehavior. We have also described our implementation, including a system for generating software correctness conditions and a Simplex based theorem prover that resolves these conditions.
Relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty: The case of Serbia
Authors: Mladenovic Zorica
Published: July 2009

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in the Serbian economy, being particularly vulnerable to shocks in inflation rate, during transition period 2001 - 2007. Based on monthly data several GARCH specifications are estimated to provide the measure for inflation uncertainty. Derived variables are then included into VAR model to test for Granger-causality between inflation and its uncertainty. Models that consider only permanent and transitory components of prices are also estimated to investigate the inflation-uncertainty relationship in the long and in the short run. The main conclusion of the paper is that high inflation invokes high uncertainty, while high uncertainty negatively affects the level of inflation at long horizon.
Reducing e-commerce risks using digital certificates
Authors: Piscevic Milos , Simic Dejan
Published: July 2009

E-commerce means buying and selling goods and services across the Internet. Secured communication in e-commerce, across unsecured medium, such as the Internet, represents one of the major components in a domain of providing necessary security- critical demands, so the flow of information could go in a secure way. The Internet, as a global computer network must provide five major security services: confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, availability, and non-repudiation of information. Without guaranteeing aformentioned security goals, risks may be very high in e-commerce systems. A possible way to reduce these risks is to use digital certificates. Digital certificates provide a means of proving identity in electronic transactions, and from the point of view of computer communication they are irreplacable, but nevertheless they provide a good mechanism for implementing the major part of this security goal, and therefore, their usage in e-commerce is the major topic of this paper.
Mitochondrial Networking Protects β-Cells From Nutrient-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Molina Anthony J.A. , Wikstrom Jakob D. , Stiles Linsey , Las Guy , Mohamed Hibo , Elorza Alvaro , Walzer Gil , Twig Gilad , Katz Steve , Corkey Barbara E. , Shirihai Orian S.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have reported that β-cell mitochondria exist as discrete organelles that exhibit heterogeneous bioenergetic capacity. To date, networking activity, and its role in mediating β-cell mitochondrial morphology and function, remains unclear. In this article, we investigate β-cell mitochondrial fusion and fission in detail and report alterations in response to various combinations of nutrients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using matrix-targeted photoactivatable green fluorescent protein, mitochondria were tagged and tracked in β-cells within intact islets, as isolated cells and as cell lines, revealing frequent fusion and fission events. Manipulations of key mitochondrial dynamics proteins OPA1, DRP1, and Fis1 were tested for their role in β-cell mitochondrial morphology. The combined effects of free fatty acid and glucose on β-cell survival, function, and mitochondrial morphology were explored with relation to alterations in fusion and fission capacity.

RESULTS

β-Cell mitochondria are constantly involved in fusion and fission activity that underlies the overall morphology of the organelle. We find that networking activity among mitochondria is capable of distributing a localized green fluorescent protein signal throughout an isolated β-cell, a β-cell within an islet, and an INS1 cell. Under noxious conditions, we find that β-cell mitochondria become fragmented and lose their ability to undergo fusion. Interestingly, manipulations that shift the dynamic balance to favor fusion are able to prevent mitochondrial fragmentation, maintain mitochondrial dynamics, and prevent apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that alterations in mitochondrial fusion and fission play a critical role in nutrient-induced β-cell apoptosis and may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
Increased MAPK Activation and Impaired Insulin Signaling in Subcutaneous Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Endothelin-1
Authors: Gogg Silvia , Smith Ulf , Jansson Per-Anders
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

To establish a method for isolation and culture of subcutaneous microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) from small human tissue biopsies to compare gene and protein expression of insulin signaling molecules in MVEC from insulin-resistant and healthy control subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Stromavascular cells from subcutaneous needle biopsies of type 2 diabetic and control subjects were expanded in culture and the endothelial cells selected with magnetic immune separation. Western blots and RT-PCR were used for protein and gene expression assays.

RESULTS

At least 99% of the expanded primary MVEC could be characterized as endothelial cells. The expression of insulin receptors was low, but insulin increased tyrosine phosphorylation of both the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and activated protein kinase B (PKB). The IRS-1 protein expression was reduced and the serine phosphorylation of PKB in response to insulin attenuated whereas basal and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK)1/2 was increased in type 2 diabetes MVEC. Endothelin (ET)-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes cells. The addition of ET-1 increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), an effect antagonized by the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059. Furthermore, the endothelin ETA and ETB receptor antagonists BQ123 and BQ788 decreased basal MAPK activity in type 2 diabetes MVEC and prevented the ET-1–induced activation.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed a system for isolation and culture of human MVEC from small needle biopsies. Our observations support the concept of “selective” insulin resistance, involving IRS-1 and the PI3kinase pathway, as an underlying factor for a dysregulated microvascular endothelium in type 2 diabetes. Our data also support a role of ET-1 for the increased MAPK activity seen in nonstimulated type 2 diabetes MVEC.
Gene Profiling of Human Adipose Tissue During Evoked Inflammation In Vivo
Authors: Shah Rachana , Lu Yun , Hinkle Christine C. , McGillicuddy Fiona C. , Kim Roy , Hannenhalli Sridhar , Cappola Thomas P. , Heffron Sean , Wang XingMei , Mehta Nehal N. , Putt Mary , Reilly Muredach P.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

Adipose inflammation plays a central role in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. However, few human adipose-secreted proteins are known to mediate these processes. We hypothesized that microarray mRNA profiling of human adipose during evoked inflammation could identify novel adipocytokines.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Healthy human volunteers (n = 14) were treated with intravenous endotoxin (3 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and underwent subcutaneous adipose biopsies before and after LPS. On Affymetrix U133Plus 2.0 arrays, adipose mRNAs modulated >1.5-fold (with P < 0.00001) were selected. SignalP 3.0 and SecretomeP 2.0 identified genes predicted to encode secreted proteins. Of these, 86 candidates were chosen for validation in adipose from an independent human endotoxemia protocol (N = 7, with 0.6 ng/kg LPS) and for exploration of cellular origin in primary human adipocytes and macrophages in vitro.

RESULTS

Microarray identified 776 adipose genes modulated by LPS; 298 were predicted to be secreted. Of detectable prioritized genes, 82 of 85 (96% [95% CI 90–99]) were upregulated (fold changes >1.0) during the lower-dose (LPS 0.6 ng/kg) validation study and 51 of 85 (59% [49–70]) were induced greater than 1.5-fold. Treatment of primary adipocytes with LPS and macrophage polarization to M1 proinflammatory phenotype increased expression by 1.5-fold for 58 and 73% of detectable genes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrate that evoked inflammation of human adipose in vivo modulated expression of multiple genes likely secreted by adipocytes and monocytes. These included established adipocytokines and chemokines implicated in recruitment and activation of lymphocytes, adhesion molecules, antioxidants, and several novel genes with unknown function. Such candidates may represent biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obesity-related complications.
The Eye - a Neglected Organ in Environmental and Occupational Medicine: An Overview of Known Environmental and Occupational Non-Traumatic Effects on the Eyes
Authors: Rozanova Elena , Heilig Peter , Godnić-Cvar Jasminka
Published: July 2009

The Eye - a Neglected Organ in Environmental and Occupational Medicine: An Overview of Known Environmental and Occupational Non-Traumatic Effects on the Eyes

The objective of this study was to give an overview of the known literature data on the influence of environmental and occupational factors on the eye. Sixty-six articles were selected by searching Medline and PubMed databases using the following key words in different combinations: occupational and environmental factors, dry eye syndrome, cataract, retinal vascular changes.

Most of the studies dealt with conditions on the eye surface and used eye discomfort syndrome and dry eye syndrome to outline the effects of air pollutants. Some reported increased frequency of lens opacities due to indoor fuel exposure, in particular biofuel, and negative effects of styrene exposure on colour vision. Investigations of retinal vascular changes and retinopathy after chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) and of retinal and choroidal haemodynamics after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) found that CS2 caused an increase in retinal venous diameters and CO caused an increase in arterial and venous diameters, retinal blood flow velocity, and fundus pulsation amplitude. This article also discusses the influence of light exposure on retinal damage. It shows that very little information is available about the influence of environmental and occupational factors on the eye, and retina and retinal vessels in particular.
Interobserver Variations in Diagnosing Asbestosis According to the ILO Classification
Authors: Perić Irena , Novak Katarina , Barišić Igor , Miše Kornelija , Vučković Maja , Janković Stipan , Tocilj Jadranka
Published: July 2009

Interobserver Variations in Diagnosing Asbestosis According to the ILO Classification

Inhalation of asbestos fibres leads to asbestosis of the pleura and the lung, with possible progression to lung cancer and malignant pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma. Asbestosis remains difficult to diagnose, especially in its early stages. The most important role in its diagnosis is that of chest radiographs. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to address interobserver variations in interpreting chest radiographs in asbestos workers, which remain to be an issue, despite improvements in the International Labour Office (ILO) classification system. In our ten-year study, we investigated 318 workers occupationally exposed to asbestos, and in 210 workers with diagnosed asbestos-related changes we compared interpretations of chest radiographs according to ILO by two independent radiologists. The apparent degree of interobserver variation in classifying lung fibrosis was 26.66% for the diameter of changes and 42.2% for the profusion of the changes. In cases with diffuse pleural thickening, the interobserver variation using ILO procedures was 34.93%. This investigation raises the issue of standardisation and objectivity of interpretation of asbestosis according to the ILO classification system. This study has revealed a significant disagreement in the estimated degree of pleural and parenchymal asbestos pulmonary disease. This is why we believe high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) should also be used as a part of international classification.
Prevalence of Infection with Neisseria Gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia Trachomatis in Acute Mucopurulent Cervicitis
Authors: Ujević Boris , Habek Jasna , Habek Dubravko
Published: July 2009

Prevalence of Infection with Neisseria Gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia Trachomatis in Acute Mucopurulent Cervicitis

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of N. gonorrhoae (NG) and/or C. trachomatis (CT) in acute mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC). The study included 617 non-pregnant women with MPC, who had not been receiving any antimicrobial treatment. The average age of patients was 22.2 years. There were no statistically significant differences according to place of residence, education, and marital status. Samples for laboratory analysis were collected using a routine procedure; NG was identified using the cytochrome oxidase test and Gram staining. CT was isolated on McCoy cell culture and stained with Lugol solution.

NG was isolated in three women (0.8%) and CT in 58 women (9.4%). Fifty-six of the CT-positive patients were nullipara and only two were unipara. All NG-positive patients were also nullipara. The mean number of sexual partners was 2.2 in all study subjects, 2.4 in CT-positive subjects, and 2.9 in NG-positive subjects. Vaginal discharge purity according to Schröder was significantly deteriorated in CT-positive patients (p=0.011). When asked about the use of contraceptives, as many as 32.7% patients answered that they did not use any protection, 39% women used the rhythm method and coitus interruptus, 20% were taking oral contraceptives, 6.1% used mechanical devices, and 1.9% used chemical protection. Previous acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases correlated with MPC (p>0.01).

Our statistical analysis suggests that chlamydial infection significantly reduces the purity of vaginal discharge, which is more pronounced in nulliparae. Pap smear was not specific enough to demonstrate chlamydial infection. In view of the MPC findings, the prevalence of CT and NG infection is low.
In Vitro Genotoxicity of Settat Town Landfill Leachate, Morocco
Authors: Amahdar Loubna , Anouar Abdellah , Ababou Bouchra , Verschaeve Luc , Hilali Abderraouf
Published: July 2009

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Settat Town Landfill Leachate, Morocco

With the increasing use of landfill sites, leachates produced by uncontrolled waste disposal have became a serious threat for the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of leachate and of well water sampled close to the town of Settat in Morocco using the micronucleus test and proliferation kinetics of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. We also analysed a number of physical and chemical parameters, including pH, % O2, chemical oxygen demand (COD), HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and conductivity.

The analysis showed much higher levels of nearly all parameters than the Moroccan standard. Increased micronucleus frequencies were also found for both leachate and well water. Preliminary results indicate that both types of water are genotoxic and pose environmental and human health risk.
Hypersensitivity to the Pollen of Olea Europea in the Mediterranean Area
Authors: Skitarelić Nataša , Skitarelić Neven
Published: July 2009

Hypersensitivity to the Pollen of Olea Europea in the Mediterranean Area
Anthropometric and cardio-respiratory indices and aerobic capacity of male and female students
Authors: Czajkowska Anna , Mazurek Krzysztof , Lutosławska Grażyna , Żmijewski Piotr
Published: July 2009

Anthropometric and cardio-respiratory indices and aerobic capacity of male and female students

Study aim: To assess the relations between anthropometric and cardio-respiratory indices, and aerobic capacity of students, differing in the level of physical activity, under resting and exercise conditions.

Material and methods: A group of 87 male and 75 female students volunteered to participate in the study. Their physical activity was evaluated by Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire. Anthropometric (body height and mass, body fat content, BMI and WHR) and physiological indices (heart rate, blood pressure, O2max, CO2 and minute ventilation) were recorded. Body fat content was determined using a BIA device; respiratory data were recorded in a cycle ergometer test. The subjects were classified by their O2max values into ‘high’ or ‘low’ categories, the cut-off values of lower and upper quartiles serving as criteria.

Results: Male and female students expended 10.2 ± 4.6 and 8.4 ± 5.3 kcal/kg/day, respectively, the O2max amounting to 48.4 ± 6.4 and 41.1 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min, respectively. Subjects having high O2max had significantly higher energy expenditure on physical activities, fat-free mass, body water content and maximal ventilation, and lower body mass, BMI, body fat content, resting heart rate and diastolic pressure.

Conclusions: When investigating into the relationships between physical activity and physiological features, the latter ought to be related to O2max rather than to energy expenditure which may depend on other than physiological variables.
Hedgehog Signaling Regulates the Survival of Gastric Cancer Cells by Regulating the Expression of Bcl-2
Authors: Han Myoung-Eun , Lee Young-Suk , Baek Sun-Yong , Kim Bong-Seon , Kim Jae-Bong , Oh Sae-Ock
Published: July 2009

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its carcinogenesis are relatively poorly characterized. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, which is critical for development of various organs including the gastrointestinal tract, has been associated with gastric cancer. The present study was undertaken to reveal the underlying mechanism by which Hh signaling controls gastric cancer cell proliferation. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of Hh signaling pathway, reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Cyclopamine treatment induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and cleavage of caspase 9. Moreover, Bcl-2 expression was significantly reduced by cyclopamine treatment. These results suggest that Hh signaling regulates the survival of gastric cancer cells by regulating the expression of Bcl-2.
Transformations of Organic Molecules with F-TEDA-BF4 in Ionic Liquid Media
Authors: Pavlinac Jasminka , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan
Published: July 2009

The transformations of organic molecules with F-TEDA-BF4 (1) were investigated in the hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4], 2) and the hydrophobic IL 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6], 3). The range of substrates included alkyl substituted phenols 4a-c, 9, 13, 1,1-diphenylethene (15), alkyl aryl ketones 19-22, aldehydes 23-25 and methoxy-substituted benzene derivatives 26-30. The evaluation of the outcome of reactions performed in IL media in comparison to those of the corresponding reactions in conventional organic solvents revealed that the transformations in IL are less efficient and selective. The effect of the presence of a nucleophile (MeOH, H2O, MeCN) on the course of reaction was also studied.
Comparison of Topographic Correction Methods
Authors: Richter Rudolf , Kellenberger Tobias , Kaufmann Hermann
Published: July 2009

A comparison of topographic correction methods is conducted for Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and SPOT-5 imagery from different geographic areas and seasons. Three successful and known methods are compared: the semi-empirical C correction, the Gamma correction depending on the incidence and exitance angles, and a modified Minnaert approach. In the majority of cases the modified Minnaert approach performed best, but no method is superior in all cases.
A Miniature Pockels Cell with Novel Electrode Geometry
Authors: Petricevic Slobodan  J. , Mihailovic Pedja , Radunovic Jovan
Published: July 2009

This paper discusses important elements of the Pockels sensing cell design. A novel electrode geometry is analyzed in order to obtain maximum sensitivity response from Pockels crystals (Bi12GeO20). This neither transversal nor truly longitudinal geometry, results in electrical field distribution along the sensing beam path that provides high modulation depth. Demonstrated performance level is in agreement with theoretical studies. Delta-sigma polarization detection method allows high linearity of the detector transfer function and measurement independent on laser intensity variations. Channel gain equalization process necessary for accurate delta-sigma normalization is provided by a walk off prism.
Development of Rapid Detection and Genetic Characterization of Salmonella in Poultry Breeder Feeds
Authors: Jarquin Robin , Hanning Irene , Ahn Soohyoun , Ricke Steven  C.
Published: July 2009

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, with poultry and poultry products being a primary source of infection to humans. Poultry may carry some Salmonella serovars without any signs or symptoms of disease and without causing any adverse effects to the health of the bird. Salmonella may be introduced to a flock by multiple environmental sources, but poultry feed is suspected to be a leading source. Detecting Salmonella in feed can be challenging because low levels of the bacteria may not be recovered using traditional culturing techniques. Numerous detection methodologies have been examined over the years for quantifying Salmonella in feeds and many have proven to be effective for Salmonella isolation and detection in a variety of feeds. However, given the potential need for increased detection sensitivity, molecular detection technologies may the best candidate for developing rapid sensitive methods for identifying small numbers of Salmonella in the background of large volumes of feed. Several studies have been done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and commercial kits to detect Salmonella spp. in a wide variety of feed sources. In addition, DNA array technology has recently been utilized to track the dissemination of a specific Salmonella serotype in feed mills. This review will discuss the processing of feeds and potential points in the process that may introduce Salmonella contamination to the feed. Detection methods currently used and the need for advances in these methods also will be discussed. Finally, implementation of rapid detection for optimizing control methods to prevent and remove any Salmonella contamination of feeds will be considered.
Methods to Measure and Mitigate the Impacts of Tourism Development on Tropical Beach-Breeding Shorebirds: The Malaysian Plover in Thailand
Authors: Yasué Maï , Dearden Philip
Published: July 2009

Beach tourism can lead to increased levels of human disturbance and cause changes in habitat structure that may affect wildlife. This article reviews the range of impacts of beach tourism on wildlife, describes the expansion of tourism in Thailand, and summarizes the results and management
recommendations from a study on Malaysian plovers (Charadrius peronii) breeding in the Gulf of Thailand. This region has experienced tremendous growth in beach tourism over the last decade. The results suggest that human disturbance, tourism-related changes in vegetation behind beaches,
and narrowing of beaches influence habitat availability and breeding success. The article concludes with recommendations to assess and mitigate the impacts of tourism development on breeding tropical shorebirds.
Shaping of genetic structure along Pleistocene and modern river systems in the hydrochorous riparian azalea, Rhododendron ripense (Ericaceae)
Authors: Kondo Toshiaki , Nakagoshi Nobukazu , Isagi Yuji
Published: July 2009

To determine the effects of hydrochory on the formation of the present range of a species and the spatial distribution of genetic variation, we assessed the rangewide genetic structure of a hydrochorous riparian Japanese species (Rhododendron ripense) using four nuclear microsatellite loci. The patterns of isolation by distance and Bayesian clustering analyses of 33 populations suggested that the present range, characterized by both localized and disjunct distributions across the sea, arose from two contrasting colonization events: (1) primary colonization along two Pleistocene rivers that have been submerged and become partly isolated by marine transgression by 6000 years ago, and (2) additional range expansions from these rivers into unconnected neighboring rivers as a result of river captures. Along the Pleistocene rivers, frequent gene flow by hydrochory resulted in the retention of considerable genetic diversity within each population and genetic homogenization among populations. Within unconnected neighboring rivers, genetic diversity was also retained by the simultaneous redistribution of many individuals as a result of river captures, whereas restricted gene flow within a river resulted in genetic divergence among the river populations. Thus, the evolutionary history of hydrochorous R. ripense appears to have been strongly shaped by both ancient and modern rivers.
What is disjunctive xylem parenchyma? A case study of the African tropical hardwood Okoubaka aubrevillei (Santalaceae)
Authors: Kitin Peter , Beeckman Hans , Fujii Tomoyuki , Funada Ryo , Noshiro Shuichi , Abe Hisashi
Published: July 2009

The morphological variation and structure–function relationships of xylem parenchyma still remain open to discussion. We analyzed the three‐dimensional structure of a poorly known type of xylem parenchyma with disjunctive walls in the tropical hardwood Okoubaka aubrevillei (Santalaceae). Disjunctive cells occurred among the apotracheal parenchyma cells and at connections between axial and ray parenchyma cells. The disjunctive cells were partly detached one from another, but their tubular structures connected them into a continuous network of axial and ray parenchyma. The connecting tubules had thick secondary walls and simple pits with plasmodesmata at the points where one cell contacted a tubule of another cell. The imperforate tracheary elements of the ground tissue were seven times longer than the axial parenchyma strands, a fact that supports a hypothesis that parenchyma cells develop disjunctive walls because they are pulled apart and partly separated during the intrusive growth of fibers. We discuss unresolved details of the formation of disjunctive cell walls and the possible biomechanical advantage of the wood with disjunctive parenchyma: the proportion of tissue that improves mechanical strength is increased by the intrusive elongation of fibers (thick‐walled tracheids), whereas the symplastic continuum of the parenchyma is maintained through formation of disjunctive cells.
« Ceux qui ne pensent pas comme nous sont des con- »
Authors: Maes Jean-Claude
Published: July 2009

Résumé Cet article essaie d’intégrer plusieurs dimensions du lien à travers un seul modèle tournant autour de la préposition latine cum , des différentes raisons que deux personnes ont d’être avec , d’être ensemble . Ceci comprend le conflit, qui est père de toute chose, roi de toute chose. Et aussi l’antidote de l’emprise non consensuelle.