bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biofumigation for the Control of Vegetables Soilborne Pathogens in Some non-Temperate Climate Countries
Authors: Besri Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Soil-borne pathogens (SBPs) significantly reduce the yield and quality of crops worldwide. In the past, their control was principally accomplished by using soil fumigants such as methyl bromide (MB). However, this fumigant which is a powerful ozone-depleting substance, has completely been phased out under the Montreal Protocol (MP). New chemicals and non-chemical alternatives to MB, including biofumigation, have been actively researched, developed, and commercially adopted worldwide. This review seeks to provide the status of biofumigation for the control of SBPs in some non-temperate climate zones referred to in this paper as Article 5 countries or developing countries according to the Montreal Protocol (MP) classification. The review will first define “the non-temperate climate zone,” list the countries belonging to this zone, focus on the role and importance of the MP in phasing-out MB, and in searching and commercially adopting alternatives including biofumigation to this fumigant. It also describes the biofumigation techniques reported and used, reports its efficacy/inefficacy to manage SBPs in some non-climate temperate countries, insists on the place it must have in an IPM program to increase its efficacy, and finally, lists the collaboration and the research needed to further develop and commercially adopt this technology in non-temperate climate countries.
Plant-Derived Carbon Sources for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Southern California
Authors: Daugovish Oleg , Muramoto Joji , Shennan Carol , Zavatta Margherita
Published: November 2021

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) has been optimized and adopted as an organic alternative to chemical fumigation by strawberry growers in California. The ASD process relies on mixing labile carbon sources into the soil to generate chemical, physical, and microbiological changes aiding suppression of the soil-borne pathogens and enhancing fruit production. Continued ASD adoption is hindered by the increasing cost of rice bran, currently the most widely used carbon source. To address this need and to find suitable and economical alternative carbon sources, we conducted field evaluations of locally produced or sourced plant-based products. ASD with incorporated grass-sod clippings spent grain and coffee grounds from one supplier provided a 47% to 83% increase in fruit yields compared to untreated soil, but coffee grounds from a different supplier decreased strawberry yields. Carbon, nitrogen, and their ratios had important impacts on the efficacy of ASD with coffee grounds and grape pomace. ASD with wheat midds at 20 t/ha provided strawberry yields similar to chloropicrin-fumigated soil while substituting 30% of rice bran carbon rate with on-site grown cereal cover crop biomass resulted in yields similar to the full rate of rice bran but at a reduced cost. As we continue exploring cost-effective methods of soil disinfestation, we utilize ASD integrated with other pest management tools, such as the use of resistant cultivars and crop rotation for sustainable production.
The ideal approach of ovarian dermoid cyst excision; the predicament of laparoscopy versus laparotomy
Authors: Fram Kamil Mosa , Saleh Shawqi S , Muhaidat Nadia A , Fram Farah K , Fram Rand K , Massad Abdallah I , Haddad Rana M , Sunna Zaid H , Sadaqa Eiman
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of the current retrospective study for reviewing the cases of dermoid cyst managed at our hospital during the study period, to find out the best and safest management approach after taking in consideration the related factors. Setting: This analysis took place at the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Jordan University Hospital. Material and methods: The retrospective records were reviewed for over 6 years (from January 2015 to January 2021). The sample of study included a total number of 87 patients operated with ovarian dermoid. Thirty-five patients (40.22%) presented with abdominal mass, 16 patients (18.39%) were accidently found to have this kind of ovarian cysts, 12 patients (13.79%) presented with pressure symptoms, 11 patients (12.64%) presented with dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea, 8 patients (09.19%) with abdominal pain, and 5 patients (05.74%) with recurrent attacks of nausea. Thirty-nine patients (44.83%) treated by laparotomy, another 39 patients (44.83%), the management procedure completed laparoscopically, and 9 patients (10.34%), the procedure started laparoscopically, then converted to laparotomy. Sixty-one patients (70.11%) were found to have right sided ovarian dermoid, while 19 patients (21.84%) were found to have bilateral, and 7 patients (08.05%) were found to have left sided one. The size of the cyst was more than 11 cm in 40 patients (45.98%), while less than 5 cm in 5 patients (5.75%). Results: ovarian cystectomy performed in 70 patients (80.46%), and salpingo-oophorectomy on 17 patients (19.54%) on both reproductive and postmenopausal group. The average blood loss and operative time were more on the laparoscopic group; 298.7 ml, 98.8 minutes respectively. Conclusion: Laparotomy and ovarian cystectomy seems to be superior to other methods of management for ovarian dermoid, particularly when the size of the cyst is more than 5 cm, and predominantly the cysts presentation bilaterally.
Quantum chemical modeling of the structure and properties of SnO2 nanoclusters
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Filonenko O. V. , Grebenyuk A. G. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lobanov V. V. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

By the method of density functional theory with exchange-correlation functional B3LYP and basis set 3‑21G (d), the structural and energy characteristics have been considered of the molecular models of SnO2 nanoclusters of different size and composition with the number of Sn atoms from 1 to 10. Incompletely coordinated surface tin atoms were terminated by hydroxyl groups. It has been shown that the Sn–O bond length in nanoclusters does not depend on the cluster size and on the coordination number of Sn atoms, but is determined by the coordination type of neighboring oxygen atoms. Namely, the bond length Sn–O(3) (@ 2.10 Å) is greater than that of Sn–O (2) (@ 1.98 Å). The calculated values of Sn–O (3) bond lengths agree well with the experimental ones for crystalline SnO 2 samples (2.05 Å). The theoretically calculated width of the energy gap decreases naturally with increasing cluster size (from 6.14 to 3.46 eV) and approaches the experimental value of the band gap of the SnO 2 crystal (3.6 eV). The principle of additivity was used to analyze the energy characteristics of the considered models and to estimate the corresponding values for a cassiterite crystal. According to this principle, a molecular model can be represented as a set of atoms or atomic groups of several types that differ in the coordination environment and, therefore, make different contributions to the total energy of the system. The calculated value of the atomization energy for SnO2 is 1661 kJ/mol and corresponds satisfactorily to the experimentally measured specific atomization energy of crystalline SnO2 (1381 kJ/mol). It has been shown that a satisfactory reproduction of the experimental characteristics of crystalline tin dioxide is possible when using clusters containing at least 10 state atoms, for example, (SnO2)10×14H2O.
Spectroscopic study on peculiarities of fumed silica hydridesilylation with triethoxysilane under fluidized bed conditions
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kuzema P. O. , Korobeinyk A. V. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tertykh V. A. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Fumed silica has found widespread application in industry due to variety of fascinating properties. Owing to its specific manufacturing process, it consists of finely dispersed particles and is featured with large specific surface area covered by profoundly reactive silanol groups which are available for chemical grafting. Spherical shape of fumed silica particles and lacking porosity provides a space-filling structure. These characteristics implement the fume silica’s utilization as high-surface-area carriers for various catalysts, i.e. metallic nanometer-sized particles, organic moieties, etc. Currently a great attention is called to on-surface grafting to improve the silica-based carrier. Most of research is carried out in area of liquid phase chemistry involving an abundance of expensive and often toxic solvents while the space-filling properties of silica are favoring reactions in fluidized bed conditions. In current research fumed silica (A-300) was a subject for hydridesilylation with triethoxysilane under fluidized bed conditions. In all synthesis reported in current research the insignificant amount of solvent (1.00 wt. % of the amount used in typical wet-chemical modifications method) was spent for the silica surface silylation. While the mass ratio of silica/TES was kept constant, other conditions, i.e. solvent/catalyst presence, surface pretreatment, additional treatment with water, and the fluidized bed heating mode have been varied. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interaction between groups of triethoxysilane and silica surface silanol groups and demonstrated the effect of modification conditions on the density of the hydridesilyl groups coverage. The results of FTIR spectroscopic studies have confirmed the presence of grafted silicon hydride groups on the surface of modified silica, as well as the presence of ethoxy and/or silanol groups – either intact or formed due to hydrolysis of the ethoxy groups. Titrimetric and spectrophotometric analysis was performed to estimate the concentration of grafted SiH groups (in all samples prepared under fluidized bed conditions their concentration ranged within about 0.28–0.55 mmol/g as dependent on the reaction conditions). Other important aspects of fluidization such as the presence of solvent and/or hydrolyzing agent, bed heating mode and the effect of the silica sample thermal pre-treatment are also discussed.
Interfacial properties of chitosan lactate at the liquid/air interface
Authors:   Institute of Applied Problems of Physics and Biophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kovtun G. I.
Published: November 2021

The interfacial properties (dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, viscosity and elasticity moduli) of chitosan lactate have been studied at the liquid/air interface by the oscillating drop shape method. Isotherms of dynamic surface tension of chitosan lactate are similar to dependences for other polyelectrolyte solutions, in particular for proteins. Chitosan is a weak cationic polyelectrolyte which can change its conformation from a linear rod to a chaotic and compacted coil. Therefore, the experimental dependence of the equilibrium surface tension on concentration of chitosan lactate was analyzed with the adsorption model proposed earlier for proteins. This model accounts the possibility of polyelectrolyte molecules existence in surface layer in n states with different molar surface varying from the maximum value at very low surface coverage by polyelectrolyte molecules to a minimum value at high surface coverage. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental values of surface tension was observed. The dependences of the elasticity and viscosity moduli of chitosan lactate solutions on the drop oscillations frequency are conditioned by the influence of exchange processes both between the surface layer and the bulk solution and in the surface layer itself. An increase of the solution concentration intensifies the exchange processes, and an increase of the oscillation frequency suppresses them. It is shown that the dependence of the surface viscoelasticity modulus of chitosan lactate is extreme in nature with a pronounced maximum. The reason for such behavior is the possibility of changing the molar surface area of the polyelectrolyte at the interface dependent on the amount of adsorption and its structural properties. Attempt of theoretical description of the viscoelasticity modulus within the framework of model accounting mono- or bilayer adsorption did not lead to a satisfactory result, possibly due to barrier adsorption mechanism of chitosan. But bilayer model provide qualitative description of extreme behavior of surface viscoelasticity on concentration. The values of the surface viscoelasticity modulus of chitosan lactate occupy an intermediate position in comparison with the data available in the literature for globular and flexible-chain proteins, that is consistent with their molecular structure. In addition, the work shows the applicability of the adsorption model, developed earlier for proteins in the framework of a nonideal two-dimensional solution theory, for describing the surface properties of other polyelectrolytes. This makes it possible to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the processes occurring in the systems under study.
Ukrainian academic lexicography: Achievements and prospects of development
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Didun Liliia , Kozyrieva Zinaїda ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

This paper offers an overview of dictionaries of Ukrainian complied by lexicographers of the Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine since the Institute’s foundation; it is devoted to the Institute’s thirtieth anniversary. The article addresses a question as to whether modern Ukrainian academic lexicography is ready to meet the public life needs in independent Ukraine testifying to the devotion to tradition. The Slovnyk Ukraїnsʹkoї Movy (Ukrainian Dictionary, 1970—1980) in 11 volumes served as the basis for both the Slovnyk Ukraїns’koї Movy (Ukrainian Dictionary, 2012) and Slovnyk Ukraїnsʹkoї Movy v 11 Tomakh: Dodatkovyi Tom (Ukrainian Dictionary in 11 Volumes: Additional Volume, 2017) in 2 books, which reflects continuation of tradition of the academic explanatory lexicography. In 1999—2000, the academic edition of the Slovnyk Synonimiv Ukraїnsʹkoї Movy (Ukrainian Dictionary of Synonyms) in 2 volumes was published. It became a valuable reference publication in the national monolingual lexicography. In phraseography, the latest achievements are represented notably by the Frazeolohichnyi Slovnyk Ukraїns’koї Movy in 2 volumes (Ukrainian Phraseological Dictionary, 1993) and the Slovnyk Frazeolohizmiv Ukraїnsʹkoї Movy (Ukrainian Dictionary of Phraseologisms, 2003). The neographic direction is represented by dictionary materials Novi i Aktualizovani Slova ta Znachennia (New and Updated Words and Meanings, 2002-2010), whereas the Rosiisʹko-Ukraїnsʹkyi Slovnyk (Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary, 2011—2014) in 4 volumes covers the field of the translated academic lexicography. The two dictionaries are of great importance to the Ukrainian academic lexicography in general, namely the combined dictionary of the Ukraїnsʹkyi Leksykon Kintsia XVIII — Pochatku XXI Stolittia (Ukrainian Lexicon of the Late 18th — Early 21st Century: Dictionary-Index, 2017) in 3 volumes and Slovnyk Movy Tvorchoї Osobystosti XX — pochatku ХХІ Stolittia (Dictionary of the Language of Creative Personality in 20th — early 21st Century). The latter contains references significant for reflecting the lexical and phraseological structure of Standard Ukrainian. Finally, reestablished in 2003 the annual Lek sy ko hrafichnyi Biuletenʹ (Lexicographic Bulletin) covers issues related to the history of lexicography, making of dictionaries of different types, and the Ukrainian vocabulary, lexicology, and phraseology. Keywords: explanatory lexicography, source basis of lexicography, synonym dictionary, phraseological dictionary, combined dictionary, author’s lexicography, neography, linguopersonology.
Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Pumpkin Peel Extract (Cucurbita moschata) and its Applications as Semiconductor in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Saridewi Nanda , Firdaus Dzikri Anfasa , Aziz Isalmi , Kumila Biaunik Niski , Dasumiati Dasumiati
Published: November 2021

ZnO nanoparticles are semiconductor materials that can be used in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). ZnO nanoparticles can be synthesized using pumpkin peel extract (Cucurbita moschata) which functions as a reducing agent, stabilizer, and capping agent. Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O precursor was used with a concentration of 0.15 M at various pH 7, 8, and 9 reacted with pumpkin peel extract. The functional groups of pumpkin peel extract were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the samples were analyzed by TEM and XRD. The resulting ZnO nanoparticles were used as semiconductors in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using dyes from mangosteen peel.The FTIR results showed the presence of functional groups O-H hydroxy, CH2, secondary amides (R-CO-NR2, C-H and phosphate (PO43-). XRD results showed that ZnO produced wurzhite crystals with a hexagonal system and the smallest crystal size was 18.99 nm. TEM results showed that ZnO synthesized at a concentration of 0.15 M and pH 8 had a spherical particle shape with a size of 24.90 nm, while the DSSC test results had an efficiency of 9.06 x 10-4%.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bioactive Compounds Against Six Protein Target of Sars-Cov-2 As Covid-19 Antivirus Candidates
Authors: Awaluddin Fikry , Batubara Irmanida , Wahyudi Setyanto Tri
Published: November 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). To date, there has been no proven effective drug for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. A study on developing inhibitors for this virus was performed using molecular dynamics simulation. 3CL-Pro, PL-Pro, Helicase, N, E, and M protein were used as protein targets. This study aimed to determine the stability of the selected protein-ligand complex through molecular dynamics simulation by Amber20 to propose bioactive compounds from natural products that have potential as a drug for COVID-19. Based on our previous study, the best value of free binding energy and protein-ligand interactions of the candidate compounds are obtained for each target protein through molecular docking. Corilagin (-14.42 kcal/mol), Scutellarein 7-rutinoside (-13.2 kcal/mol), Genistein 7-O-glucuronide (-10.52 kcal/mol), Biflavonoid-flavone base + 3O (-11.88 and -9.61 kcal/mol), and Enoxolone (-6.96 kcal/mol) has the best free energy value at each protein target. In molecular dynamics simulation, the 3CL-Pro-Corilagin complex was the most stable compared to other complexes, so that it was the most recommended compound. Further research is needed to test the selected ligand activity, which has the lowest free energy value of the six target proteins.
ЗЕЛЕНИЙ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНИЙ МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ГІДРОХЛОРИДУ ДРОТАВЕРИНУ У ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТАХ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ УТВОРЕННЯ ІОННО-АСОЦІАТИВНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ З ЕРИТРОЗИНОМ
Authors: Хеджазі Мехіеддін , Б. Вишнікін Андрій , Д. Баланенко Анна
Published: November 2021

Для визначення гідрохлориду дротаверину був розроблений новий, простий і екологічний безекстракційний спектрофотометричний метод, який грунтується на прямій реакції з барвником флуоресцеїнового ряду еритрозином. Зміна кольору відбувається через утворення іонно-асоціативного комплексу (ІA) протонованої форми аналіту з моноаніонною формою еритрозину. Немає необхідності використовувати поверхнево-активні речовини для солюбілізації дрібнодисперсного осаду ІА або екстракції його токсичними органічними розчинниками. В спектрі поглинання з'являється нова батохромно зміщена смуга при 560 нм. Її походження пояснюється агрегацією аніонів барвника. Утворення малорозчинних ІА сприяє агрегації аніонів барвників. ІА повністю утворюється при pH 4.4 в середовищі ацетатного буфера через 3-5 хв. Оптична густина залишається незмінною протягом двох годин. За оптимальних умов реакції градуювальна крива була лінійною в діапазоні від 0,4 до 3 мкмоль л-1 з межею виявлення 0,10 мкмоль л-1 (40 мкг л-1) і коефіцієнтом кореляції 0,9996. Молярний коефіцієнт світлопоглинання ІA склав 3,8×104 моль-1 л см-1. Стехіометрія комплексів, що утворюються між дротаверином і еритрозином, отримана методом ізомолярних серій, склала 1: 1. Запропоновано новий простий метод розрахунку констант рівноваги, заснований на візуальному огляді і співпадінні експериментальних і розрахункових кривих, що описують залежність мольної частки ІA і інших частинок від pH розчину. Розрахована константа утворення IA 2×106 свідчить про його високу стійкість. Розроблений метод успішно застосований для визначення дротаверину в фармацевтичних препаратах.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTRODUCTION APPROACH ON STUDENTS WITH MEDICAL PROTOCOLS
Authors: Dyakova G. , Dyakov T.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the investigation is by conducting a survey and analysis of the percentage of students with medical reports, to assess the effectiveness of the approach introduced. We have monitored the relative proportion of students with medical protocols to determine the effectiveness of an introduced approach. The study was conducted with 4194 students – 1624 men and 2570 women from the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Faculty of Agriculture at Trakia University. Applied are the following methods: Theoretical analysis; Comparative analysis of percentages; Graphic analysis. We conducted monitoring, analysis and evaluation for 19 academic years of the relative proportion of students with medical protocols. The results confirm categorically effectiveness of the approach to students with medical protocols.
Deformation of Kupershmidt operators and Kupershmidt-Nijenhuis structures of a Malcev algebra
Authors: MABROUK Sami
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to study infinitesimal deformations of a Malcev algebra with a representation and introduce the notion of Nijenhuis pair, which gives a trivial deformation of a Malcev algebra with a representation. We introduce the notion of Kupershmidt-(dual-)Nijenhuis structure on a Malcev algebra with a representation. Furthermore, we show that a Kupershmidt-(dual-)Nijenhuis structure gives rise to a hierarchy of Kupershmidt operators. Finally, we establish a deformation theory of Kupershmidt operators in consistence with the general principles of deformation theories and introduce the notion of Nijenhuis elements.
Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: surgical technique and short-term experience from 329 cases
Authors: MORRELL ANDRE LUIZ GIOIA , MORRELL-JUNIOR ALEXANDER CHARLES , MORRELL ALLAN GIOIA , MENDES JOSE MAURICIO FREITAS , MORRELL ALEXANDER CHARLES
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: minimally invasive bariatric surgery is clearly superior over open procedures including better early outcomes. Different surgical approaches are used to treat the severely obese, having Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) being a highly frequent procedure. Robotic surgery overcomes some laparoscopic limitations adding ergonomics, articulating instruments and a three-dimensional high definition camera. Based on our vast robotic experience, we present our referred group case series and a standardized Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (rRYGB) technique as well as its outcomes. Methods: a review of a prospective maintained database was conducted in patients submitted to robotic Roux en Y bariatric surgery between April 2015 and July 2019. Surgical technique is described and illustrated. We also reported patients demographics, outcomes and its follow-up. Results: a Retrospective analysis identified 329 patients submitted to Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Both da Vinci Si and Xi platforms were used. Mean age was 34.4 years, with median BMI of 44.2 kg/m2. Mean console time was 102 min and there was no conversion. No surgical hospital readmission rates were seen in the first 30 days. Conclusion: this study represents our initial experience of robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (rRYGB), its short outcomes and a standardized surgical technique. Our results encourage that rRYGB is technically feasible and safe, and might offer some advantages showing good outcomes and minimal complications.
Observational study of patients with occipital condyle fracture at a brazilian referral trauma center
Authors: BATISTA ANDREW VINÍCIUS DE SOUZA , AGUIAR GUILHERME BRASILEIRO , BENNETT PRISCILLA , UMIGI MÁRCIA RAMOS , VEIGA JOSÉ CARLOS ESTEVES
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological characteristics, treatment, and evolution of patients with occipital condyle fracture (OCF) at one of the largest referral trauma centers in Latin America. Methods: this was a retrospective observational study of OCF identified from trauma cases admitted between December 2011 and December 2019 by the neurosurgery team at a Type 3 trauma center. Results: a total of twenty-eight occipital condyle fractures were identified in twenty-six patients. The incidence was less than 0.2% per year and more common in male patients (4:1 ratio) involved in traffic accidents. The mean age was 42.08 years. Anderson and Montesano type II and Tuli type 1 were the most frequent (67.9% and 89.3%, respectively) and no case presented C0-C1-C2 instability. All patients were treated with a cervical collar for 3 to 6 months. About 65% of the patients exhibited good progression (Glasgow Outcome Scale equal to 4), and the severity of traumatic brain injury was the main determinant for negative outcomes. Conclusion: the findings of this study are in accordance with available literature data. The use of external stabilization with a cervical collar is reinforced for the treatment of stable lesions, even when these are bilateral. Assessment of the patients’ follow-up results in the studied sample may contribute with useful information for the treatment of occipital condyle fractures.
THE PREVENTION METHOD OF SPORTS MEDICINE IMAGING MODELING
Authors: Wu Fei , Ma Xuejun , Zhao Wenjiang , Qu Shuhua
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports injury is an important reason to interfere with sports training and physical exercise since it will not only bring unnecessary pain to the injured body, but also bring out negative emotions in athletes. Objective: To study the sports injury characteristics of high level competitive aerobics athletes in China. Methods: Literature data, questionnaire survey, expert interviews, field observation, mathematical statistics and physiotherapy tracking were used. Results: Wrists, ankles, waist and knees were the most frequently injured parts in high level competitive aerobics athletes in China. The main type of injury was acute injury, but chronic injury (48.18%) could not be ignored. Ninety percent of active high-level competitive aerobics athletes train with injuries, and 10 percent of them completely stop training because of injuries. Conclusions: Athletes should pay attention to their physical reserve and strengthen physical training. They must also be attentive to self-supervision, their own subjective feelings, and control the amount of exercise done. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
THREE DIMENSIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS OF EXERCISE REHABILITATION AND MUSCLE TENSION
Authors: Dong Haojie
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Timely assessment and correction of post-stroke hemiplegia gait, to improve walking ability, has become an urgent problem for patients with hemiplegia. Objective: In order to improve the effect of exercise rehabilitation and tensile strength testing, a three-dimensional gait analysis method was proposed. Methods: The kinematics, dynamics, ground reaction force and surface EMG of lower limbs were measured by VICON (Nexus 1.8.5), a three-dimensional gait analysis system, and Noraxon, a wireless surface EMG, while 13 healthy subjects walked. The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to compare the relative and absolute reliability of the two test results. Results: the re-testability ICC was 78~0.96, the standard error SEM% of kinematics parameters was 4.18~15.6, and the SEM% of dynamic parameters was 3.31~21.82. The SEM% of ground reaction force was 1.70~16.67, and the SEM% of surface EMG signal was 8.00~11.11. Conclusions: 3D gait analysis can improve the effect of exercise rehabilitation and tensile strength testing, and has good retesting reliability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
SYSTEMATIC SPORTS MEDICINE BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF REALIZING PHYSICAL FITNESS
Authors: Wang Xiaotang , An Liping
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: The idea of sports as a way of strengthening the body has been around for a long time. It has also been confirmed from the perspective of modern medicine. The development of sports has been accepted by people under the effect of medical proof. Objective: This article explores the behavioral characteristics and shortcomings of physical exercise for the elderly who aim to strengthen their health. Methods: The article statistically analyzes the influencing factors of urban Chinese elderly people participating in sports. At the same time, it uses questionnaire surveys and mathematical statistics to find out the common main obstacles hindering the participation of the elderly in sports in Chinese cities. Results: Keeping fit is the primary purpose of older urban people participating in sports. Walking, Tai Chi, square dancing, etc., are the primary sports for the elderly. Conclusion: Most older adults still participate in physical exercises in independent forms or self-organized small groups. Under the concept of physical fitness, the elderly are more active in physical exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
SCIENTIFIC PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE CLINICAL RECOVERY OF CHRONIC FATIGUE INJURY
Authors: Xu Haibo
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome is also called chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome. This disease has now become a common disease in modern medicine. Objective: To explore and analyze the effect of exercise therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods: We selected 70 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome for the experiment. The exercise group performed gradual exercise, and the control group was inactive. Results: Appropriate and regular exercise can achieve ideal results in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Conclusion: Studying methods to prevent and recover from fatigue syndrome will help in understanding and focusing attention on the topic of fatigue, as well as being aware of the methods of self-prevention of fatigue syndrome. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
PROPOSTA DE UM INDICADOR DE ROTATIVIDADE DOCENTE NA EDUCACÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Frantz Maíra Gallotti , Alves Thiago
Published: November 2021

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma medida para a rotatividade docente na educação básica tomando a escola como unidade de análise. Foram consideradas variáveis potencialmente explicativas como dependência administrativa, etapa/modalidade de ensino e vínculo empregatício. A parte empírica foi realizada com base nos microdados do Censo Escolar de 2016 e 2017 (Inep, 2017, 2018) e focalizou o município de Curitiba-PR. Os resultados sugerem que a rotatividade em 2017 foi de 34,4%. No nível das escolas, a taxa mediana foi 55,4% na rede estadual, 22,2% na rede municipal e 16,5% na rede federal. Em relação às escolas privadas, a maior mediana deu-se entre as instituições conveniadas (33,3%). Os resultados reiteram o fenômeno como questão relevante para a agenda das políticas educacionais e da gestão das redes públicas de ensino.
Genetic control of thermoinhibition tolerance in lettuce seeds
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Fátima de , Cavasin Pedro Yuri , Silva Sylmara , Oliveira Natália Souza , Oliveira Cleiton Lourenço de , Gomes Luiz Antonio Augusto
Published: November 2021

Abstract The objective of this work was to assess the genetic control of tolerance to thermoinhibition in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. Seeds of the F1, F2, and F2:3 generations derived from the cross between cultivars Everglades (tolerant to thermoinhibition) and Verônica (sensitive to thermoinhibition) were used, besides seeds from the parents. Seed germination tests were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replicates of each parent, eight of F1, and four of each of the 26 F2:3 progenies. The mean of the F2 population was considered as the mean of the sample of the 26 progenies. The genetic control of thermoinhibition tolerance in lettuce seeds is attributed to one or a few genes. The additive effects are more expressive than the nonadditive ones, and narrow-sense heritability is relatively high, allowing the prediction of success in selection.
Physiological and productive traits of soybean with metsulfuron-methyl application at early desiccation
Authors: Silva Jessica Dias Gomes da , Galon Leandro , Pawelkiewicz Renan , Franceschetti Milena Barretta , Portes Juliane Cervi , Rossetto Emanuel Rodrigo de Oliveira , Perin Gismael Francisco , Müller Caroline
Published: November 2021

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of metsulfuron-methyl rates, applied at different times, on the physiological and productive traits of soybean (Glycine max) in two crop years, in field conditions, using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) as a bioindicator plant, in greenhouse conditions. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block, in a 4x5 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. Factor A was the herbicide application time (45, 30, 15, and 0 days before soybean sowing, DBS), and factor B was the metsulfuron-methyl rate (0, 3.6, 5.4, 7.2, and 9.0 g ha-1 a.i.). The following variables were evaluated: phytotoxicity, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and yield components. The highest phytotoxicity in soybean plants is observed after the use of the highest rate of metsulfuron-methyl and with sowing at 0 DBS. The electron transport rate drastically reduces with an increasing metsulfuron-methyl rate and sowing proximity, whereas non-photochemical quenching, acting as a defense mechanism, increases in soybean plants exposed to a herbicide carryover of up to 5.4 g ha-1. Metsulfuron-methyl carryover reduces soybean 1,000-grain weight and productivity as a function of application rate and sowing period. For the cucumber plants, negative effects on physiological traits were also verified. An interval of more than 45 days is recommended for sowing soybean after metsulfuron-methyl application for desiccation.
Predicted genetic gains weighted by selection pressures for grain quality in irrigated rice
Authors: Facchinello Paulo Henrique Karling , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Streck Eduardo Anibele , Aguiar Gabriel Almeida , Goveia Janaína , Feijó Michele , Pereira Roberto Ramos , Oliveira Victoria Freitas de , Fagundes Paulo Ricardo Reis , Maia Luciano Carlos da , Lautenchleger Francine , Magalhães Júnior Ariano Martins de
Published: November 2021

Abstract The objective of this work was to analyze components of variances and heritabilities, estimate selection gain, and evaluate the different selection pressures for physical quality attributes of grains of families of segregating generations of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa), through the REML/BLUP methodology. The experiment was conducted in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where selections were made in the F3, F4, and F5 segregating generations, in the 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 crop seasons, in eight segregating populations (families) from different crosses. Intrinsic physical quality attributes, genetic parameters, and response to selection were evaluated using different selection pressures. The obtained estimates showed genetic gains for the characters related to grain quality, mainly for total chalky area, vitreous whiteness, total whiteness, ratio between vitreous whiteness and total whiteness, and percentage of whole grains and broken grains, in selections in early generations. The used families show satisfactory results, being superior to the control cultivars. For most characters, the estimates of broad-sense heritability are considered intermediate, together with the other parameters, showing the possibility of genetic selection for grain quality attributes. The response to selection with a pressure of 10% is very promising for rice grain quality attributes.
Mud pumping in the roadbed of ballastless high-speed railway
Authors: Bian Xuecheng , Wan Zhangbo , Zhao Chuang , Cui Yujun , Chen Yunmin
Published: November 2021

Mud pumping that is deliberately avoided in the design of a ballastless high-speed railway still occurs and induces extraordinary track vibrations. In this study, in situ investigations and laboratory tests were performed to disclose the initiation and development of mud pumping detected in the field. The in situ investigations indicated that mud pumping principally appeared at both ends of the concrete base up to a maximum distance of 2 m. Precipitation, instead of groundwater, was found to be the water source triggering mud pumping; this infiltrated the graded gravel roadbed through the detachments of the ends of the overlying concrete bases due to the whipping effect. Once mud pumping occurred, the vibrations of concrete bases were aggravated and caused severe track settlements under train loads. The results of laboratory tests indicated that the infiltrated rainwater was retained in the roadbed above the less permeable subgrade, and the roadbed contained an unstable particle skeleton with excessive plastic fine particles, both of which provided favourable conditions to form mud pumping under dense high-speed train loads. Soil particles of less than 7·1 mm in diameter migrated during mud pumping; these first accumulated at the lower roadbed, then gradually migrated to the upper roadbed, actuated by the hydraulic gradient generated, and were finally pumped out through the detachments around the expansion gaps, thereby resulting in large amounts of voids in the roadbed and a vicious cycle if not treated in a timely fashion. These features of mud pumping in ballastless tracks differ from those of ballasted tracks and will benefit the development of remediation measures and improvement of slab track designs.
II. Abdülhamit Dönemi Osmanlı Mahallî Fuarcılığı Bağlamında 1906 Bursa Sergisi
Authors: ASAN Hakan
Published: November 2021

İktisadi hedefleri bulunan mahallî sergiler, yerli üretimin ön plana çıkarılması ve ithalata bağımlılığın azaltılması gibi temel amaçlar doğrultusunda düzenlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra dönemin sosyal yaşamı ve ekonomik ihtiyacına göre şekillenen gelişmelerin bir sonucudur. Söz konusu mahallî sergiler ile yerli sanayi ürünleri, sınaat mamulleri, ziraat mahsulleri ile hayvan türleri teşhir edilmiş ve bunların satışı gerçekleştirilmiştir. II. Abdülhamit döneminde düzenlenmeye başlayan mahallî sergiler 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarındaki ekonomik hedefleri göstermekte ve muhtelif sektörlerde ulaşılan gelişmeleri yansıtmaktadır. Özelde serginin düzenlendiği vilayetin genelde ise Osmanlı Devleti’nin ekonomik performansı, üretim
kapasitesi ve zenginliği ortaya koyulmaktadır. Ayrıca iktisadi alanda karşılaşılan problemlerin çözümüne yönelik katkı sağlaması da beklenmektedir. Bu sergiler belirli bir alanda ihtisaslaşmaktan ziyade genel bir sergi özelliği taşımış ve yerli mahsul ile mamulatın temsilini sağlamıştır. Çalışmada II. Abdülhamit döneminde ve muhtelif vilayetlerin merkezlerinde düzenlenen mahallî sergiler konusunda genel bir değerlendirme yapılmış ve 1906 Bursa Mahsulat ve Mamulat Sergisi de derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Osmanlı Devleti’nin o dönem içerisinde tutmuş olduğu ve bugün Osmanlı arşivlerinde bulunan belgeler ile dönemin basın hayatı ve salnameler üzerinden süreç izlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte söz konusu dönemde ve sonraki dönemlerde kaleme alınmış eserlere de başvurulmuştur.
Anonim Bir Kırım Hanlığı Tarihi (1475-1778)
Authors: BAŞER Alper , GURULKAN Kemal
Published: November 2021

H. 880-1191 (M. 1475-1778) yılları arasında Kırım hanları hakkında verdiği bilgilerle dönemin Kırım Hanlığı’nın tarihi için önemli bir yazma 1819 yılında Pierre-Amédée Jaubert tarafından Kırım’dan Fransa’ya götürülmüştür. Bir Anonim Tarih olan ve 17 varaktan oluşan yazma Bibliothèque Nationale de France’de Supplément Turc 515’te kayıtlıdır. Yazmada Mengli Giray Han’dan Şahin Giray Han’a diğer bir ifadeyle de 1475-1476 yılından 1777-1778 yılına kadar Kırım Hanlığı tarihi anlatılmaktadır. Üç nüshası bulunan eserin yazma nüshaları Saint Petersburg, Kiev ve Paris Kütüphanelerinde bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın temelini oluşturan bu nüsha M. Kazimirski tarafından Fransızcaya çevrilmiş ve bu çeviri Pierre-Amédée Jaubert tarafından gözden geçirildikten sonra 1833 yılının Ekim ve Kasım aylarında Journal Asiatuque dergisinde yayınlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Anonim Tarihin Bibliothèque Nationale de France’de bulunan nüshasının çeviri yazısı yapılmış ve ayrıca diğer kaynaklarla mukayesesi yapılarak Kırım Hanlığı Tarihi araştırmaları için önemi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
A Century of Dissonance and Harmony in Swedish Intoxication Policy
Authors: Edman Johan
Published: November 2021

The traditionally strict alcohol policies of the Nordic countries have all been liberalized. This leads to an increasing policy gap in relation to the drug policies. A prognosis is made about the future of drug policy in Sweden based on the development of alcohol policy – the market will ultimately decide.
The Microbiopolitics of Pots and Compost Making
Authors: Zanzu Serena
Published: November 2021

This visual essay explores more-than-human relationships between microbes and humans emerging across agricultural fields and scientific laboratories. Through material collected across fields and labs, and drawing on the concept of microbiopolitics proposed by Heather Paxson, the essay reflects on emerging attitudes of both affect and management. These relationships arise and become visible through growers’ and scientists’ practices, the objects they employ and the spaces they occupy. Seen in this light, pots and compost become the manifestation of attentive relationships with invisible nonhumans, potentially important in tracing the unfolding of ongoing environmental crises.
Domestic Lending and the Pandemic: How Does Banks' Exposure to Covid-19 Abroad Affect Their Lending in the United States?
Authors: Temesvary Judit , Wei Andrew
Published: November 2021

Shortly after the onset of the pandemic, U.S. banks cut their term lending to businesses–but little is known about how much, and why, banks' choice to ration credit contributed to this contraction. Afforded by a unique combination of several highly granular bank regulatory datasets, we identify the role of banks' exposure to Covid-related restrictions abroad – a balance sheet "shock" that affects only banks' credit supply, but not their US borrowers' demand for loans. We find that US banks with higher foreign Covid exposure cut their lending to US firms, and tightened terms on such loans, significantly more. Banks having become less risk tolerant, as well as foreign borrowers defaulting and drawing down on their cross-border credit lines, were potent mechanisms through which foreign Covid exposure reduced banks' domestic lending.
Cementless refractory castable. Part 9. HCBS and ceramic concretes in the Al2O3‒SiO2‒SiC system
Authors: Pivinskii Yu. E. , Dyakin P. V.
Published: November 2021

The priority-chronological aspect of research and technological development in the field of SiC-containing HCBS and ceramic castables in the systems Al2O3‒SiO2‒SiC and Al2O3‒SiO2‒SiC‒C is characterized. The results of studies on the effect of the firing temperature and prolonged (up to 100 h) high-temperature heat treatment on the oxidation kinetics of SiC of different dispersion and content are considered. A noticeable oxidation, accompanied by an increase in the mass and growth of samples, is noted after 1200 °C and significant at 1300‒1400 °C. The effect of the firing temperature in the range of 1000‒1400 °C and long holding in a tunnel furnace (60 h at 1300‒1400 °C) on the dynamics of phase transformations and the structure of samples of the matrix system based on HCBS of composite composition (bauxite + 11 % VFQG), as well as with an additional content of 15% SiC. In contrast to firing in air, during the service of monolithic gutter masses in the Al2O3‒SiO2‒SiC‒C system, the working surface of concrete is largely isolated from the air due to cast iron and slag. This drastically reduces the rate of both SiC oxidation and carbon burnout. The zonal structure of the lining is characterized. The data on the effect of heating and cooling on the modulus of elasticity of ceramic castable are presented.
Composite materials based on Al2O3‒SiC‒TiB2 obtained by SHS extrusion and their hightemperature annealing
Authors: Chizhikov A. P. , Konstantinov A. S. , Antipov M. S. , Bazhin P. M. , Stolin A. M.
Published: November 2021

As a result of the combination of the processes of selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and shear high-temperature deformation, realized in the method of SHS-extrusion, ceramic rods based on Al2O3‒SiC‒TiB2 were obtained. The influence of technological parameters of the process (delay time, pressing pressure) on the length of the obtained rods has been studied. The obtained materials were annealed in the range 1000‒1300 °C, and the microstructure and phase composition of the materials were studied before and after heat treatment.
Distribution, habitat use, and nesting behavior of the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) in the Trashigang Forest Division, Eastern Bhutan
Authors: Koirala Bal Krishna , Dawa Tshering
Published: November 2021

The King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor 1836), is the longest venomous snake in the world; it is globally threatened and has been categorized as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List. Herein we describe distribution, habitats, and nesting behavior of the King Cobra in Trashigang Forest Division, Bhutan. We recorded a total of 18 King Cobras during the one-year survey period. The elevational distribution was 650–2,057 m but most sightings were at lower elevations. King Cobras did not appear to prefer or avoid any particular habitat type but most records were from areas where human disturbances were at a minimum. We monitored a nest containing 37 eggs that was actively guarded by a female. This study was the first of its kind in Trashigang Forest Division and we hope that the information obtained will help formulate appropriate conservation strategies for this globally threatened species.
Le modèle français trois fois écarté
Authors: Miura Nobutaka
Published: November 2021

L'étude d'une langue est souvent motivée par la perception positive que l'on a du pays où est parlée cette langue. Pour écrire l'histoire de l'étude du français au Japon, il faudrait donc retracer l'évolution de l'image de la France chez les Japonais. Tout en étant une grande civilisation, la France n'a été qu'une référence parmi d'autres servant de modèle pour la modernisation de l'Empire du Soleil Levant. Quelle a été la place qui revient à la culture française ? Quel a été son avantage comparatif aux yeux des Japonais ?