bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological Changes in the Pregnancy and Anesthetic Implication during Labor, Delivery, and Postpartum
Authors: Melaku Leta
Published: September 2022

While providing anaesthetic treatments during emergency surgical procedures, the safety of both the mother and the foetus in utero is the primary goal. Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume decrease to pre-labor values. Maternal blood volume increases during pregnancy, and this involves an increase in plasma volume as well as in red cell and white cell volumes. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production also increases. The respiratory mucous membranes also become vascular, edematous, and friable. Gastric emptying time is significantly slower during labor and hence gastric volume is increased. Furthermore, hepatic transaminases, bilirubin, and LDH are increased slightly in pregnancy. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption of sodium are increased. Hence glycosuria and aminoaciduria may develop in normal gestation. The size of thyroid gland and total T3 and T4 levels are also increased. Hyperplasia of the β-cells occurs. Adrenal cortical hyperplasia leads to increases in both free and total cortisol in pregnancy. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier increases. Altered anatomy and responses to pain and pharmacotherapy occur as pregnancy progresses. The basic aims during the first trimester revolve around avoidance of any drug or technique, which can interfere with proper embryological development. By second trimester, most of the physiological changes have achieved a plateau level and management of anaesthesia becomes relatively safer than in the first or the third trimester. Decision-making in the third trimester becomes a little easier as one can proceed for caesarean section before the major surgery. It is the technical advancements in regional anaesthesia, which has propelled labour analgesia to newer horizons. The provision of a prolonged post-operative pain-free period makes this technique a first choice of many parturients. Eclampsia is one of the most common emergencies encountered by anesthesiologists in our day to day anaesthesia practice.
Valorization of Oilseeds: Impact of Ph, Hot Air, and Pressurized Cooking on Major Phenolic Derivatives
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Nandasiri Ruchira , Fadairo Olamide ,   University of Manitoba, Nguyen Thu ,   University of Manitoba, Eskin N. A Michael ,   University of Manitoba
Published: September 2022

The phenolic compounds in canola and mustard, sinapine, sinapic acid, and canolol, are recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic health-promoting effects. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of different pretreatment conditions on the extraction process by enhancing the yield of phenolic antioxidants such as canolol. In the present study, different pre-treatment conditions were evaluated, including pH, hot air, and pressurized cooking, to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from canola and mustard seeds. Sautéing for 10 minutes prior to the extraction was found to significantly increase the canolol content of the mustard seeds. Whereas hot air pre-treatment at 190oC for 10 minutes prior to extraction increased the canolol content of the canola seeds. These findings confirmed that different pre-treatment techniques prior to the extraction of oils from the oilseeds increased their antioxidant potential and their economic value. These results also confirmed that changes in the pH conditions from acidic (pH < 7) to neutral (pH = 7) had a positive impact on the extraction of phenolic antioxidants including canolol. These results will benefit both the canola and mustard industry by producing better quality oils with enhanced antioxidant properties and shelf-lives.
Effect of Food Emulsions on the Cytotoxicity of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol Esters
Authors:   Ankara University, Akpinar Ayse Nur , Sahin Selvi Secil ,   University of Leeds, Moran Bozer Büşra ,   Hitit University, Tekin Aziz ,   Ankara University, Gumus-Bonacına Cansu Ekin ,   Ankara University
Published: September 2022

3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters are food processing contaminants, and are known to be potentially carcinogenic. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the emulsion technique increases the absorption of this contaminant, and to develop strategies to reduce their absorption. 3-MCPD ester contents in edible oils (hazelnut, walnut, sunflower, soybean, corn, and olive oil) were determined. Refined olive oil contained the highest 3-MCPD ester level (1.7749 ± 0.1262 mg/kg). Then, emulsions (fine, medium, coarse) were prepared with 0.15-2% emulsifier (whey protein isolate) and 10% oil using microfludizier at 3-10 kpsi pressure. The free fatty acid release was investigated using an in vitro digestion model, and the bioaccessibility was calculated. Methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability method was used to perform toxicity tests. The zeta potential and droplet size of the Samples were measured after each digestion phase. The emulsion with the smallest particle size (389 nm) resulted in the highest release of free fatty acid (85.26%) during small intestinal phase. Fine emulsions also resulted in the highest 3-MCPD ester bioaccesibility (95%). During in vitro digestion, droplet size increased at stomach phase for all emulsion types (Figure 1). When an indigestible oil, such as lemon oil, was added to the oil phase of the fine emulsion (up to 30%), the release of free fatty acid decreased by up to 30% as expected and bioaccessibility decreased by up to 45%. The micelle phase of the fine and medium emulsion had a toxic effect on the fibroblast cell line (Figure 2). When the particle size increased and lemon oil was added to the oil phase of the emulsion, the percent viability increased. Briefly, there are two ways to reduce the absorption of 3-MCPD esters in food emulsions: producing emulsions with larger particle size, or adding indigestible oil to the oil phase.
Production of Branched Esters via Continuous Alkylation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters over Montmorillonite and h-zsm5 Catalysts
Authors:   Montana State University-Northern, Davison Evan , Otto Jessica ,   Montana State University-Northern, Kumar Sandeep ,   Old Dominion University, Maglinao Randy ,   Montana State University-Northern
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Lignocellulosic and waste from the food industry offers a sustainable way to produce alternative transportation fuel and provide fiber and biomaterial. Thermochemical processes can depolymerize lignin into its phenolic monomers which can be upgraded to aromatic hydrocarbons. Fatty acids from food wastes have functional groups to accommodate selective synthesis of chemicals. These characteristics could be utilized as sustainable high-value additive products for fuels and lubricating oils. In the present study, an effective lubricity additive was synthesized via continuous alkylation of fatty acid methyl esters with aromatic hydrocarbons. A continuous fixed-bed reactor operated at atmospheric pressures was used. Acid-treated montmorillonite and H-ZSM5 were used as catalysts. The effects of the various catalysts on the liquid product composition were investigated while keeping other reaction conditions constant. An improved catalytic activity was achieved in montmorillonite catalyst compared to H-ZSM5 catalysts. The alkylation of fatty acid methyl esters with aromatic hydrocarbons over montmorillonite and alumina-supported Ni catalysts occurred at 200-210 °C.
Effect of Emulsifier Addition on the Thermomechanical Properties of a High Oleic Palm Oil Based Oleogel
Authors:   University of Florida, Mehta Devanshu , Cedeño-Sánchez Victor ,   University of Florida, Carriglio John ,   University of Florida
Published: September 2022

Oils naturally high in saturated fatty acids (mono- and polyunsaturated), are often liquid at room temperature. Emulsifiers have been used to create solid oil matrices, or oleogels, at room temperature to broaden the applications for these oils. This study assessed and compared the effects of mono- and diglycerides on the mechanical and thermal properties of high-oleic palm oil (HOPO) oleogels. HOPO was mixed with emulsifier in eight concentrations (3%, 5%, 7% and 10% w/w), four each for mono- and diglycerides respectively. Thermomechanical properties were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using a temperature regime with a cooling rate of 10˚C/min to -60˚C and a heating rate of 10˚C/min to 80˚C. The oils and emulsifiers were melted at 80°C and then placed in a series of cooling water baths designed to create identical cooling rates for multiple crystallization temperatures. A puncture test using a texture analyzer was used to assess texture of the resulting oleogels. The results showed that the use of mono- and diglycerides significantly changed the thermal and mechanical properties of HOPO. The addition of saturated monoglycerides promoted an early (high temperature) nucleation stage that did not previously occur in HOPO. The onset crystallization temperature increased with the addition of diglycerides, promoting early crystallization of the high melting fraction of HOPO. The hardness of the oleogel increased with the addition of emulsifier. The effect of temperature on hardness was significantly greater in the diglyceride oleogel than in the monoglyceride oleogel. This study shows that the addition of emulsifiers to create stable oleogels increases the industrial usefulness of HOPO. This work also creates the possibility of further study and characterization of HOPO oleogels, especially concerning crystalline structures.
Crystallography and Functionality of Natural Waxes: Insights for the Development of Tailored Lipid Materials
Authors:   University of Tennessee Knoxville, Leyva Gutierrez Francisco , Wang Tong ,   University of Tennessee Knoxville
Published: September 2022

Natural waxes are valuable industrial products consisting of complex chemical mixtures. To probe the structure−function role of select constituents, model n-alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acids of C18−19, C22−23, and C26−27 carbon chain lengths were synthesized and analyzed via calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Pure compounds and binary mixtures crystallized into monoclinic (M), triclinic (T), and orthorhombic (O) lattices or combinations thereof. The C26 aldehyde formed an O lattice and exhibited one solid−solid phase transition similar to n-alkanes. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of model systems cast as films was determined. For pure compounds, WVP decreased in the following order: fatty acid > even n-alkane > odd n-alkane > alcohol > aldehyde. Increasing carbon chain length, which translates to increasing unit cell volume, decreased WVP. Binary mixtures generally exhibited a more complex relationship with WVP. These findings may be applicable to the agricultural postharvest, pharmaceutical, and paperboard coating industries.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of the Thermal-degradation of tocored in Lipid Systems with Different Unsaturation Degree
Authors:   Anhui Polytechnic University, Zheng Liyou , Guo Hongyan ,   Anhui Polytechnic University, Jin Jun ,   Jiangnan University, Jin Qingzhe ,   Jiangnan University
Published: September 2022

γ-Tocopherol-5,6-quinone (tocored) is a crucial micro-component in oils, which endows edible oils with orange-red color. Tocored has long been considered as the culprit for oil color reversion, which would deteriorate oil color stability and affect oil appearance. Attention should be paid to investigate the performance of tocored in lipid systems when exposed to heat. The kinetics of tocored degradation in lipid systems with different unsaturation degree (Methyl palmitate, MP; Methyl oleate, MO; Methyl linoleate, ML) were studied over a temperature range of 90-120°C. Tocored degradation was corelated well with the unsaturated level of the substrates, which meant the higher degree of unsaturation degree the shorter time it took for tocored’s depletion. Tocored degradation followed zero-order kinetics, where the rate constantly increased with increasing temperatures. The Ea values for tocored degradation in MO and ML were 74.50 and 99.16 kJ⋅mol-1, respectively. Considering the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH++>0, ΔS++< 0, and ΔG++>0), the nature of the concerned process both in MO and ML proves that it is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. Above all, the kinetics and thermodynamics data extended the knowledge on the stability of tocored in oily systems, which is vital important for further oil industrial processing.
The Effect of Structure Regularity of Natural Oils on Properties of Oil-based Epoxy Resins
Authors:   Pittsburg State University, Hong Jian , Radojcic Dragana ,   Pittsburg State University, Petrovic Zoran ,   Pittsburg State University
Published: September 2022

One issue when utilizing natural oils as raw materials for preparing polymers in comparison with petrochemical starting materials is their complexity. Standard natural oils have typically very heterogeneous structure, which is reflected on properties of polymers. However, oils with regular structure such as high oleic oils, offer high degree of regularity approaching that of triolein. Cationic polymerization of epoxidized oils was carried in bulk using tris (pentafuorophenyl)borane. Epoxy resin made solely from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was compared with that from epoxidized high oleic algal (ETO) containing over 90 % oleic acid, with triolein as major component. Although epoxidized soybean oil had higher functionality (EOC content), the obtained algal epoxy resin displayed higher glass transition temperature than soybean resin’s. The possible reasons are high oleic algal oil has higher regularity and soybean oil contains high content of saturated fatty acid (15 %), which can act as plasticizer. Moreover, crosslinking in ESBO might involved formation of cyclics from neighboring epoxy groups present in epoxidized linoleic acid and higher local cross-linking density.
Optimization of Oxidative Stress Indicator Workflows for Enhanced Quality Control of Rendered Meals and Fats Utilizing the CDR Foodlab Analyzer: Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acids
Authors:   Quartz Analytics, Pelerin Jennifer , Bench BJ ,   Tyson Food Ingredient Solutions Group, Schaugaard Madison ,   Tyson Food Ingredient Solutions Group, Swann Jacob ,   Tyson Food Ingredient Solutions Group, Bailey Toniese ,   Tyson Food Ingredient Solutions Group
Published: September 2022

In the United States, over 56 billion pounds of raw materials derived from animals are converted to approximately 9 and 10 billion pounds of rendered fats and protein meal, respectively. With this size and scope, quality control teams need methods that are reliable, accurate, intuitive, robust, and rapid are a necessity to keep up with the ever-growing demands to ensure finished product quality. Two primary indicators to evaluate oxidative stress of protein meals and fats are peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA). Industry estimations due to no standardization of oxidative test methods costs the ingredient and food industries millions of dollars. Recently, leaders in various industries have come together to tackle these challenges through evaluating and validating new platforms. One such platform that was recognized is the CDR FoodLab analyzer, a pre-calibrated, easy to use photometer that can perform multiple oxidative stress analyses including PV and FFA in a variety of products. The rendering industry recognized the potential for this and industry leaders in conjunction with CDR FoodLab validated the equipment against the AOCS official methods Cd 8b-90 and Ca 5a-40, for PV and FFA, respectively.In this presentation, the innovative CDR FoodLab technology story will be presented that showcases how novel technologies can be validated and utilized by industries that need platforms that are reliable and intuitive. Included will be the data set from a major industry study where 75 mixed species protein meal samples were tested against the AOCS official method Cd 8b-90 with ether extraction as well as other rapid technologies. After that study, it was recognized that the technology could be exploited and standardized for other matrices with validations being presented.
22-21
Authors: Novikova N. N.  , Yakovlev V. A.  , Kuznetsova E. S.  , Berdonosov P.S.  , Klimin S. A.
Published: September 2022

ATR and transmission spectra of a series of rare-earth francisite-like phases Cu3RE(SeO3)2O2Cl (RE is a rare earth element, RE = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb) were studied. The frequencies of the IR-active phonons of the crystals under study were determined. In the dependences of phonon frequencies on the ionic radius in a series of isostructural compounds, two tendencies are observed: a hardening of frequencies due to an increase in chemical pressure and a softening of the vibration frequencies, in which rare-earth ions are involved, due to an increase in the mass of a specific rare-earth ion. In the Cu3Dy(SeO3)2O2Cl crystal, an anomalous softening of low-frequency phonons at low temperatures was observed, which was apparently associated with the structural instability of the compound.
12-21
Authors: Bobreva L. A.  , Sidorov N. V.  , Teplyakova N. A.  , Palatnikov M. N.  , Klimin S.A.  , Novikova N.N.
Published: September 2022

We have analyzed complex defects due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure in nominally pure lithium niobate crystals with different Li/Nb ratio, in crystals alloyed with magnesium and zinc in a wide concentration range (LiNbO3 : Mg (0.19-5.91 mol.% MgO) and LiNbO3 : Zn (0.04-6.5 mol. % ZnO)) and in the double-alloyed crystals (LiNbO3 : Y(0.24) : Mg(0.63 wt. %) and LiNbO3 : Gd (0.25) : Mg(0.75 wt. %)), obtained by technology of direct melt alloying, and also in the double-alloyed crystal (LiNbO3 : Mg(5. 05 mol.% MgO) : Fe(0.009 mol.% Fe2O3)) grown from a charge synthesized using the technology of homogeneous alloying with magnesium and iron Nb2O5. We revealed the influence of doping impurities on the concentration of OH-groups, the type and localization of complex defects in the crystal structure. The change in the number of hydrogen atom positions in the structure of the LiNbO3 crystal allow us to judge with sufficient accuracy whether the crystal composition is stoichiometric or congruent. For doped crystals of different compositions data were obtained testifying to changes in the character of complexation of OH-groups with point defects of the cationic sublattice with formation of defects: MеLi-OH-, MеLi-MеNb-OН. A change in the mechanism of entry of the dopant cation into the structure dramatically affects the change in the properties of the crystal.The difference in the frequencies (and, correspondingly, in the values of the quasi-elastic constants of the O-H bonds) in the spectrum of a congruent crystal and doped crystals can also be contributed by differences in the electronegativity and ionic radii of the principal and doping cations.
13-21
Authors: Sidorov N. V.  , TeplyakovaN. A.  , Palatnikov M. N.
Published: September 2022

Raman spectroscopy, laser conoscopy and photoinduced light scattering methods have been applied to comparatively study composition uniformity of strongly doped LiNbO3 crystals with a magnesium concentration close to a threshold value ≈5 mol% MgО, grown from a charge synthesized using precursor Nb2O5:Mg (homogeneous doping method) and at direct addition of magnesium to the melt (direct doping method). It has been shown that application of homogeneous doping method allows one to obtain compositionally more homogeneous heavily doped LiNbO3:Mg crystal than direct melt doping method.
39-21
Authors: Olejniczak A.  , Tomala R.  , Zemojtel P.  , de Araujo Maia A.F.  , Bezkrovnyi O.  , Macalik B.  , Ignatenko O.  , Beben D.  , Stręk W.
Published: September 2022

Synthetic diamonds are the subject of research in many different implementations. Recognition of the properties of materials with dimensions near the nanometre scale is of great importance for essential science and multiple applications. Microdiamonds synthesised by the HPHT method and nanodiamonds made by detonation were evaluated using XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. UV-VIS luminescence measurements were performed and compared with each other to assess the surface defects and grain size influence on their optical properties.
Dielectric and optical properties of the cubic SiC, GeC and SnC monocrystals: Model estimations
Authors: DavydovS.Y.  , Lebedev A. A.
Published: September 2022

Within the scope of the Harrison's bond orbital model analytical expressions of the high- and low-frequency dielectric susceptibilities and dielectric constants, linear electrooptical coefficient, photoelastic constants and pressure dependences of the dielectric constants are obtained for the cubic carbides of the group IV elements. Keywords: dielectric susceptibility, dielectric constants, electrooptical coefficient, photoelastic constant.
Effect of an electric field on hydrogen-like states in crystals of monoclinic zinc diphosphide
Authors: Stamov I.G.  , Tkachenko D.V.
Published: September 2022

The effect of the electric field on hydrogen-like states in β-ZnP2 is investigated. It was found that the exciton states Cn=1 in the electric field of the Schottky barrier undergo an anomalous Stark shift, and the states that form a reverse hydrogen-like series of absorption lines (IOS) are practically insensitive to the electric field. The laws governing the behavior of the exciton Xn=2 state "flammable" in an electric field in β-ZnP2 have been determined. Keywords: Schottky barrier, exciton, hydrogen-like states, anomalous Stark shift.
Specificity of statistics of elastic and strain-strength properties of high-strength polypropylene fibers
Authors: Boiko Yu.M.  , Marikhin V.A.  , Moskalyuk O.A.  , Myasnikova L.P.
Published: September 2022

Regularities of statistical distributions of a complex of mechanical properties, including the modulus of elasticity (E), strength (sigma) and strain at break (εb), high-strength industrial oriented polypropylene (PP) fibers have been analyzed using the Weibull and Gauss models based on a large array of measurements (50 identical samples in each series). The values of the statistical Weibull modulus (m) --- a parameter characterizing the scatter of the measured values of the data arrays of E, sigma and εb have been estimated for the PP samples of two types: single fibers (monofilaments) and multifilament fibers consisting from several hundred single fibers. For the PP multifilament fibers, a more correct description of the distributions of E, sigma and εb has been received both in the framework of the normal distribution (Gaussian distribution) and in the framework of the Weibull distribution in comparison with the description of such distributions for the PP monofilaments. The influence of the polymer chain conformation on the regularities of the statistical distributions of E, sigma and εb for the high-strength oriented polymeric materials with different chemical chain structures and the correctness of their descriptions in the framework of the Gauss and Weibull models have been analyzed. For this purpose, the values of m calculated in this work for PP with a helical chain conformation have been compared with the values of m determined by us earlier for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and polyamide-6 with the chain conformations in the form of an in-plane trans-zigzag. Keywords: polypropylene, mechanical properties, statistical analysis, Weibull distribution, Gaussian distribution.
Influence of preionization on the microchannel structure of a spark discharge in air in a pin-plane gap
Authors: A.A. Tren’kin  , K.I. Almazova  , A.N. Belonogov  , V.V. Borovkov  , E.V. Gorelov  , I.V. Morozov  , S.Yu. Kharitonov
Published: September 2022

The initial phase of a spark discharge in the gap between the pin(cathode) and a plane 1.5 mm long in atmospheric pressure air underconditions of preliminary photoionization by an auxiliary discharge wasinvestigated by the method of shadow photography. In the absence ofpreionization, the discharge from the first nanoseconds after breakdown isan aggregate of a large number of micron-diameter channels. It was foundthat the electron concentration resulting from preionization, estimated at108-109cm-3, increases the degree of uniformity of the discharge channel inthe near-cathode region; however, in the near-anode region, the channelremains microstructured. Within the framework of the mechanism ofmicrostructure formation due to the instability of the ionization wavefront, a criterion for the formation of a uniform discharge is obtained andan explanation of the results obtained is presented. Keywords: spark discharge, preionization, photoionization, instability of the ionization front, microstructure, shadow photography method\
Enhancing the High-lift Properties of a Supercritical Wing by Means of a Modulated Pulse Jet Actuator
Authors: Abdolahipour S.  , Mani M.  , Shams Taleghani A.
Published: September 2022

In this experimental investigation, a pulse flow control system on a high-lift device of a wing with a NASA SC(2)-0714 airfoil within the Reynolds number range of the take-off and landing phases, is proposed. In this study, an innovative method of signal modulation has been used in order to simultaneously exploit the benefits of both low and high excitation frequencies in one actuator driving signal that are known to be effective in separation control. It is observed that the lift and drag coefficients are improved due to the use of modulated pulse jets compared to the simple pulse jet. Keywords: Flow Control, High-lift configuration, Pulsed jet, Burst modulation, aerodynamic efficiency
Analysis of supercavities formed in water by a group of strikers during high-speed motion
Authors: Ishenko A. N.  , Burkin V. V.  , Diachkovskii A. S.  , Chupashev A. V.  , Sammel A. Yu.  , Rogaev K. S.  , Sidorov A. D.
Published: September 2022

The analysis of supercavities formed during the high-speed motion in water of two closely spaced supercavitating strikers is performed. By comparing geometric characteristics of supercavities, the possibility of qualitative assessment of influence degree of closely spaced strikers on each other is shown. By the example of two strikers, the characteristic distance between them was determined, at which the minimum mutual influence of the strikers on each other is observed. Keywords: supercavity, group throwing, cavity sizes, high-speed video recording, mutual influence
Comparative study of electrochromic properties of polyaniline-polyacid layers prepared by spray- coating and drop-casting methods with adding carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nekrasov A. A.  , Gribkova O. L.  , Krivenko T. V.
Published: September 2022

The influence of the coating method (spray-coating or drop-casting onto horizontal substrate) on the electrochromic characteristics of the layers of water-soluble polyaniline-polyacid complex was investigated. It was shown that, in the case of adding single-wall nanotubes, the polyaniline-polyacid layers prepared by the scalable spray-coating technology demonstrate high coloration speed and electrochromic efficiency. Keywords: polyaniline, electrochromism, polyacid, carbon nanotubes.
kHz Plasma Pencil
Authors: Akan T.  , Sahin E.
Published: September 2022

Recently several investigators reported on various devices of generating cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. A pulsed plasma source developed and reported, the plasma pencil, is one of them. This device is capable of generating a cold plasma plume several centimeters in length using a DC pulsed high voltage source. In this study, kHz alternative current voltage (18 kV-15 kHz) was applied to the electrodes similar to the electrode system of the plasma pencil instead of direct current pulse voltage and a 2-3 cm long plasma jet was produced in an air using the helium gas. This new plasma jet device named as the kHz plasma pencil. The jets produced by the kHz plasma pencil are as cold as room temperature. The optical emission spectrum of the jet of the kHz plasma pencil and the change of the jet length with the gas flow rate have been investigated. Unlike the plasma pencil, the kHz plasma pencil produces jet in two different regimes as filamentary and diffusive and it emits more radiation in the UV range. Preliminary results show that the dynamics of the kHz plasma pencil are also different from the plasma pencil. Keywords: atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet, kHz, plasma pencil, Emission spectrum.
The effect of electrostatic pressure on the diffusion equilibrium of bulk nanobubbles
Authors: Koshoridze S. I.
Published: September 2022

A modified formula for calculating the electrostatic pressure (EP) in bulk nanobubbles (BNB) is proposed. It is shown that EP prevents the diffusion dissolution of BNB in an aqueous solution. As a result, the BNB dissolves only partially and becomes stable. Keywords: nanobubbles, Henry's law, double electric layer, lifetime
Structural properties of GaInAsSbBi solid solutions grown on GaSb substrates
Authors: Pashchenko A. S.  , Devitsky O.V.  , Lunin L. S.  , Lunina M. L.  , Pashchenko O.S.
Published: September 2022

GaInAsSbBi solid solutions with different Bi contents are synthesized on n-GaSb substrates with a misorientation of 6o between the (100) and (111)A planes. Structural properties and morphology of GaInAsSbBi thin films are studied. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction have shown that the films have a polycrystalline structure. It is found that an increase in the Bi concentration in the solid solution leads to a decrease in the average size of the region of coherent scattering by (111) reflection from 20 to 5 nm. It is shown that in films with a lower content of Bi, the thickness of the transition amorphous layer at the ?layer-substrate? heterointerface decreases. Keywords: solid solutions, GaInAsSbBi, GaSb, III-V compounds.
Electrokinetic repeater of acoustic vibrations
Authors: Sharfarets B. P.  , Dmitriev S. P.  , Kurochkin  V. E.  , Legusha F. F.
Published: September 2022

It is shown that in an electrokinetic acoustoelectric transducer, when a constant DC electric field (pump voltage) is applied during reception of an acoustic signal, it becomes possible to retransmit the initial external acoustic field. This is due to the presence of simultaneously reverse electrokinetic phenomena in the transducer: electroosmosis and flow potential. The necessary theoretical substantiation of this phenomenon is presented. The data of a full-scale experiment confirming the theory are presented. Keywords: acoustoelectric conversion, electrokinetic phenomena, current potential, energy pumping, electrokinetic repeater.
Dynamics of liquid mass transfer in a water bridge
Authors: Shaikhitdinov R. Z.  , Sharipov T. I.
Published: September 2022

The paper presents experimental results of the dynamics of mass transfer through a water bridge arising between two dielectric cups with distilled water under the action of a constant high voltage between cylindrical electrodes. It is established that, depending on the ratio of the electrode diameters, the total fluid flow in the water bridge can be directed both to the cathode and to the anode. It is shown that the inversion of the direction of mass transfer of liquid through the bridge is due to the redistribution of volume charges. Keywords: water bridge, EHD flow, anode, cathode.
Temporal pattern of microcracking in impact-damaged porous SiC ceramics
Authors: Shcherbakov I. P.  , Kadomtsev A. G.  , Chmel A. E.
Published: September 2022

Temporal characteristics of the localized damage development initiated by a short-time impact pointed loading of SiC ceramics which is widely applied as a protective material against the shock action upon engineering constructions and people were investigated. The statistics of crack nucleation and relaxation was studied with the methods of acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission, correspondingly. It was shown that the length of intervals between microcrack nucleations follows a power law specific to cooperative phenomena. The time distribution of decaying electric charges which appear on impact-induced crack edges and annihilate after the passage of impact wave was, in contrast, linear. The temporal pattern of the crack relaxation permitted identifying two sets of newly formed damages that are the tiny cracks localized in the grain bulk and those that interconnect grains. Keywords: SiC, porous ceramics, impact damage, acoustic emission, electromagnetic emission.
Relationship of comorbid factors diabetes mellitus with oxygen saturation (SaO2) among people with Covid-19 in the Quarantine House
Authors: Adhi M. Hanif Prasetya , Endiyono Endiyono
Published: September 2022

Background: The Covid-19 has infected a hundred people countries, in Indonesia at 8.9%, this figure is the highest in Southeast Asia. The phenomenon, shows that nursing volunteers who work in quarantine place for Covid-19 patients not maintenance to screen of SaO2 value of Covid-19 patients, even though the impact of happy hypoxia on mortality will be high if the oxygen saturation value is below the normal value. Comorbid factors, Diabetes Mellitus can worsen the physical condition and clinical assessment thereby increasing mortality.

Objectives: The purpose of research to determine the relationship between age, gender, and comorbid factors with the value of oxygen saturation (SaO2) in Covid-19 patients at the Baturaden Quarantine Place.

Methods: This study is a quantitative study using an analytical observational method with a crossectional approach. The sample in this study used random sampling of 93 respondents with the Fisher Exact test.

Results: The results of this study, fisher exact test obtained with a p-value = 0.007, there is a relationship between the respondent's comorbidity factor and SaO2 in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Respondents with 95-100% SaO2 who have comorbid factors as many as 20 respondents (21.5%) are fewer than respondents who do not have comorbid factors as many as 29 respondents (30.5%). Blood glucose levels can increase viral replication and suppress the antiviral immune response. This causes DM patients to be more likely to be malnourished and susceptible to cytokine storms that cause a rapid deterioration of clinical conditions compared to non-diabetic patients.

Conclusions: The comorbid factors will increase mortality of COVID-19 patients due to risk factors, comorbid of diabetes mellitus factors, with COVID-19 associated with advanced age, obesity, chronic systemic inflammation, increased coagulation, which can significantly increase blood pressure, indirectly lead to more severe complications due to COVID-19.
Factors related to childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida in Yogyakarta
Authors: Dwiarini Muafiqoh
Published: September 2022

Background : Childbirth self-efficacy refers to a woman's self-confidence in herability to cope with labor and contributes significantly to her perception of pain during labor. Mothers with low self-efficacy felt nervous, felt they lacked strength, and expressed more fear, so that the labor process did not go smoothly and lasted longer, causing greater pain for both the mother and baby. Pregnant women with high childbirth self-efficacy had higher intention to attempt vaginal birth, while those choosing caesarean had lower self-efficacy beliefs.

 

Objectives : This study was to determine factors related childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida.

Methods : This study used analytic observational method with cross sectional design. This research was conducted at Community Health Centers and two maternity clinics in Yogyakarta with 112 sample pregnant woman. They were recruited using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria. The study used Childbirth Self-Efficacy (CBSEI) scale, the Fear of Childbirth (FOC) scale, and demographic data questionnaires. The independent sample t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, to determine the factors related childbirth self-efficacy.

Results : The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class and prenatal yoga with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). In addition, there is a significant negative correlation between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth (r = -.34, p < .01). In other words, pregnant women with higher childbirth self-efficacy meant less fear of childbirth.
Conclusions: Factors related childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class, prenatal yoga, and fear of childbirth. The results of this study provided a better understanding of factors related childbirth self-efficacy. Based on the results, strategies to increase childbirth self-efficacy should focus on decreasing the level of fear of childbirth, which can be done by attending prenatal education and doing prenatal yoga. 
Omicron variant, scripting the end of the pandemic: An in silico analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences and their epidemiological correlates (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Asghar Adil , Singh Himanshu N. , Faiq Muneeb A. , Kumar Sujeet , Narayan Ravi K. , Kumar Gopichand , Dwivedi Prakhar , Sahni Chetan , Jha Rakesh K. , Kulandhasamy Maheswari , Prasoon Pranav , Sesham Kishore , Kant Kamla , Pandey Sada N.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

A newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 worried the health policy makers worldwide due to a large number of mutations in its genomic sequence, especially in the spike protein region. World Health Organization (WHO) designated it as a global variant of concern (VOC) and was named 'Omicron.' Following Omicron's emergence, a surge in new COVID-19 cases was reported globally, primarily in South Africa (SA).

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to understand whether the Omicron had an epidemiological advantage over existing variants.

METHODS

We performed an in silico analysis of the complete genomic sequences of Omicron available on GISAID to analyze the functional impact of the mutations present in this variant on virus-host interactions in terms of viral transmissibility, virulence/lethality, and immune escape. In addition, we performed a correlation analysis of the relative proportion of the genomic sequences of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants (in the period of 01 Oct-29 Nov 2021) with the matched epidemiological data (new COVID-19 cases and deaths) from SA.

RESULTS

Compared to the current list of global VOCs/VOIs (as per WHO), Omicron bears more sequence variation, specifically in the spike protein and host receptor-binding motif (RBM). Omicron showed the closest nucleotide and protein sequence homology with the Alpha variant for the complete sequence and RBM. The mutations were found primarily condensed in the spike region (28-48) of the virus. Further, the mutational analysis showed enrichment for the mutations decreasing ACE2-binding affinity and RBD protein expression, in contrast, increasing the propensity of immune escape. An inverse correlation of Omicron with Delta variant was noted (r=-0.99, p< .001, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.97) in the sequences reported from SA post-emergence of the new variant, later showing a decrease. There was a steep rise in the new COVID-19 cases in parallel with the increase in the proportion of Omicron since the first case (74-100%). In contrary, the incidences of new deaths was not increased (r=-0.04, p>0.05, 95% CI =-0.52 to 0.58).

CONCLUSIONS

In silico analysis of the viral genomic sequences suggest that the Omicron variant has more remarkable immune escape ability than the existing VOCs/VOIs, including Delta, but lesser virulence/lethality than other reported variants. The higher power for immune escape for Omicron was a likely reason for the surge in COVID-19 cases and soon becoming a globally dominant strain. They were more infectious but less lethal than the existing variants, hence outpaced them, thus scripting the pandemic's downfall.
The effect of Korean wave on body image and eating disorders among female adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Habibah Nurina Umy , Tsani A Fahmy Arif , DW Sumarni
Published: September 2022

Background: Currently, Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the Korean "fever" due to the Korean wave's globalization through the media. The content of K-pop which displays model characteristics that are identical to a slender body, tall, and attractive, can lead to adolescent body image perception. The problem most often experienced by adolescents is physical appearance. The negative body image in adolescence could encourage the emergence of eating behavior disorders known as eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the relation between Korean wave exposure through media information with body image and eating disorders risk in female high school students in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research used the cross-sectional method with a quantitative approach. The research population was female first-grade high school students in Yogyakarta. The subjects of 109 female students who are qualified with the inclusion criteria: enrolled students in the selected schools, physically healthy, and willing to take part in the research; are requested to fill out the Korean wave exposure questionnaire to measure the type and frequency of exposure, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale questionnaire to measure the body image, and the Eating Attitude Test 26 to determine the eating disorders risk. Data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test and logistic regression test. Results: Univariate analysis showed that 11% of the subject was exposed to Korean wave with various type of exposure, 88.1% of the issue was dissatisfied with their body and developed negative body image, and 47.7% of the issue was at risk of eating disorders; 53% of them tend to developed diet behavior, 21.04% bulimia, and 25.96% was in oral intake restriction. The multivariate analysis showed that Korean wave exposure (RP=1.6; 95%CI=0.7-10.04) correlates significantly with negative body image perception. Eating disorders risk significantly affected by Korean wave exposure (RP=2.1; 95%CI=0.97-4.63) and body image (RP=2.93; 95%CI=1.25-5.49). Chi-Square analysis showed body image significantly correlates with eating disorders risk (RP=6.2; 95%CI=1.25-5.94). Conclusions: Exposure to Korean waves affected negative body image in female adolescents. On the other hand, Korean wave exposure and body image also affected eating disorder behavior among female adolescents.* Presented at the International Nutrition and Health Symposium (INHESION) on Sunday, November 15th, 2020, in Yogyakarta, organized by HIMAGIKA and the Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Powers on Community-Level Deliberation: A Power Cube Approach
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad , Suhirman Suhirman , Sofhani Tubagus Furqon , Kombaitan Benedictus
Published: September 2022

This study is generated by the limited understanding of the actor's power on village-level deliberation. In community-level deliberation, especially for villagers, planning struggles with unbalanced power from involved actors to avoid potential failures due to inappropriate implementation and waste of state finances. Problems from policy formulation results have distorted the consensus. Community-based planning faces different power characteristics displayed by involved actors. However, it seems that this matter's understanding is mostly obtained in Western urban areas context and few have studied it in the rural context, even more, sourced from non-Western and global south practices. Questions arise on the power capabilities each actor has and its implications for the planning formulation results. This article aims to provide an understanding of the actor's position and their source of power. It investigates the power identities of involved actors on the community-level deliberation through a power cube approach. Community-level deliberation in Pematang Tengah village, Indonesian, is used as the case study. Primary data were obtained from interviews with twenty-one respondents, observation, and document analysis during 2018-2020. The result shows that each actor displays a specific power characteristic driving their influences on the planning formulation results. This condition has implications for the construction of the power holder's influence in dominating the deliberation process.
Bali Strait‘s Potential Fishing Zone of Sardinella lemuru
Authors: Jatisworo Dinarika , Sukresno Bambang , Kusuma Denny Wijaya , Susilo Eko
Published: September 2022

Catch fluctuation of Sardinella lemuru in the Bali Strait in the period 2007 - 2019 shows a significant decrease. The fishermen of this area demanded information on the Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) specifically targeted for Sardinella lemuru beyond their traditional. PFZ will be very helpful, especially during the famine years. Identification of a Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) is highly important for increased fishing yields and also reduced fishing time for fishermen. Bali strait is dominated by Sardinella lemuru and contributes 16,2% of the total small pelagic fishery production in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 573. Bali Strait also supports the fishing industry in Muncar (Banyuwangi-East Java) and Pengambengan (Jembrana-Bali). This study will produce a special PFZ for Sardinella lemuru that is not yet available in Indonesia by using remotely sensed and observer data. Here, we apply the Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF) algorithm approach for Sardinella lemuru detection. ECDF was developed using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data from Aqua MODIS and extracted according to observer data during 2011-2014. PFZ for Sardinella lemuru in Bali strait was affected by 72,8 % Chl-a conditions and 27,2% by SST conditions. The maximum suitable preference for Sardinella lemuru in Bali Strait is Chl-a condition at 0,2 mg/m3 and SST condition at 28,38°C in northwest monsoon, while in southeast monsoon are 0,97 mg/m3 for Chl-a and 25,61°C for SST. ECDF model result has 69,33% accuracy, which shows the result of Sardinella lemuru PFZ has good accuracy.
Causes and Impacts of Land Fragmentation in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddik Md. Abubakkor , Rahman Md. Ashiqur
Published: September 2022

Identification of root causes and associated impacts of land fragmentation is necessary to reduce future fragmentation and mitigate its impacts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the causes and impacts of land fragmentation in a purposively selected coastal Upazila (sub-district) of Bangladesh. This study is carried out mainly based on the collected information from the individual representative of the selected 133 households. It discloses that most of the households observed the land fragmentation during their possession because of rapid population growth and breaking the joint/extended families into nuclear families. In fact, land fragmentation can increase or decrease a particular land use type. However, the results of this research confirm that there are no significant (p >0.07, based on the number of households) associations found between increasing and decreasing homestead land. In contrast, the number of households with cropland significantly (p <0.0001) decreased, whereas the number of households having wetlands significantly (p <0.04) increased. The surveyed households have been practicing high-yielding varieties of crops, using biofertilizers, possessing new land, and changing their income sources for adapting to new land use behavior. The surveyed villagers opine that the land fragmentation problem could be managed by encouraging people living with extended/joint families, vertical use of land, adopting land use policy, etc. The results of this community-reported study can be used to mitigate the impacts of land fragmentation in the coastal rural area of Bangladesh.