bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF CARBON SORBENTS FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PRECURSORS
Authors: Spitsyn Andrey Aleksandrovich , Minich Mariya Igorevna , Ponomarev Dmitriy Andreyevich , Bogdanovich Nikolay Ivanovich
Published: January 2022

The sorption capacity of activated carbon obtained from various plant precursors – apple wood, birch wood, pine cones and cellolignin was studied. The plant material was first subjected to carbonation by heating to a temperature of 700 °C and further exposure at this temperature. The total heating time was 8 hours. Charcoal was then subjected to steam activation at a reactor temperature of 950 °C and an activation time of 40–45 minutes. The yield of activated carbon estimated on charcoal was 42–46%. The characteristics of the porous structure were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The total specific surface area according to the BET method was (m2/g) 674, 594, 552, 552, 622 for apple wood, birch wood, pine cones, cellolignin and an industrial sample of activated carbon, respectively. Determination of the adsorption capacity by iodine adsorption methods showed that this value, depending on the source of raw materials, falls in the order: birch wood > cellolignin ≈ apple wood > pine cones. The data on the sorption of benzene characterize approximately the same range of sorption capacity: birch wood > cellolignin > pine cones ≈ apple wood. The data on the sorption capacity show that unconventional plant raw materials can be used to produce activated carbon.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS OF THE ANGIOPROTECTIVE HERBAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Mirovich Vera Mikhaylovna , Posokhina Alina Alekseyevna , Petukhova Svetlana Andreyevna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Dudareva Lyubov' Vissarionovna
Published: January 2022

The study of the component composition of phenolic and terpenoid compounds of the angioprotective herbal composition was carried out. Alcohol extraction of the angioprotective herbal composition was studied by MC-HPLC-UV method. The analysis used solutions of commercial samples of reference substances manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich (USA), Chem-Fages, Extrasynthese, Lione (France), Beijing (China). Seven phenolic compounds have been identified: quercetin, isoramnetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, narcissin, isoramnetin-3-O-glucoside, phenolcarboxylic acid 5-O-caffeylquinic. The total content of flavonoids is 11.64 mg/g, phenolcarboxylic acid – 2.30 mg/g. Among the isolated flavonoids rutin (3.35±0.06 mg/g), isoquercitrin (3.14±0.06 mg/g), narcissin (4.15±0.09 mg/g), phenolcarboxylic acid – 5-O-caffeylquinic (2.30±0.05 mg/g) prevail. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation; analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent Technologies (6890N) instrument with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The identified components were performed by comparing the linear retention indices and total mass spectra of the compounds with the data from the Nist 11 library and commercial samples. In the herbal composition of the essential oil, 21 components have been identified, the main of which are salicylic aldehyde (in the total amount is 58.30%), methyl salicylate (16.17%). The triterpene saponins of the angioprotective herbal composition are represented by calendulosides A and B, escin. The amount of triterpene saponins is 1.08±0.05%. The results of the quantitative analysis were processed statistically, the data are presented as the mean and ± standard deviation, SD.
Bearing capacity of damaged reinforced concrete beams strengthened with metal casing
Authors: Karpiuk Irina , Danilenko Denis , Karpiuk Vasyl , Danilenko Anna , Lyashenko Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Experimental data on the bearing capacity of damaged reinforced concrete beams with the dimensions of 2000×200×100 mm, reinforced with prestressed metal casings, are presented. Damaging in the form of through normal and crossing inclined cracks, as well as excessive vertical moving of the beam were obtained during previous tests for the effect of high-level transverse alternating loads.The authors of the article have developed a method and equipment for restoring and strengthening damaged reinforced concrete beams using a casing. Beams are manufactured and tested in accordance with the three-level design of an experiment.Previously damaged and reduced to the ultimate (pre-emergency) state, the beams were strengthened with the declared method and equipment, and then retested. New data on the bearing capacity of ordinary and damaged beams, as well as reinforced concrete elements strengthened with casings and tested for the action of transverse forces and bending moments were obtained. The research results are presented in the form of experimental-statistical dependences of the bearing capacity of the support areas, deformability and crack resistance of the investigated elements on the ratio of the most significant design factors and external factors. A comparative analysis of the influence of these factors on the main parameters of the bearing capacity of ordinary as well as previously damaged and then strengthened test beams is carried out.The possibility and appropriateness of using the proposed method of strengthening reinforced concrete beams damaged by through normal and cross-inclined force cracks in the conditions of an existing production has been experimentally proved.
Determination of bond model for 7-wire strands in pretensioned concrete beam
Authors: Parkhats Vadzim , Krzywoń Rafał , Hulimka Jacek , Kubica Jan
Published: January 2022

A correct choice of a bond model for prestressing tendons is crucial for the right modelling of a structural behaviour of a pretensioned concrete structure. The aim of this paper is the determination of an optimal bond model for 7-wire strands in a prestressed concrete beam produced in a precast concrete plant of Consolis Poland. ATENA 3D is used to develop finite element models of the beam that differ only in a bond stress-slip relationship of tendons. The bond stress-slip relationships for modelling are taken from the results of bond tests carried out by different researchers in previous years. Moreover, for comparison purposes, a simplified 2D model of the beam is created in Autodesk Robot. The strain distribution at the time of the strand release is found for each of the finite element models. The determined strain distributions are compared with the strain distribution in the beam established by an experimental test using a measuring system based on a digital image correlation. On the basis of the comparison results, the most appropriate bond models for 7-wire strands used in the beam are identified.
EFFECTS OF SHEAR WALLS ON A TYPICAL FOUR-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO SEVERE EARTHQUAKE EVENTS
Authors: Zad Nader , Melhem Hani
Published: January 2022

Various seismic-resistant design methods are used to ensure the stability of multi-story buildings against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. Utilization of reinforced concrete shear walls is one of the most reliable methods of design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings because it increases structural resistance to lateral loads and stiffens and strengthens the structure, thereby minimizing earthquake-induced damages. This paper investigates the beneficial effects of using shear walls in the structural design of a typical low-rise building to improve its resistance to earthquake events. To this end, a four-story reinforced concrete structure is modeled first without shear walls, then with the addition to shear walls. The 2002 Denali Alaska earthquake is used as an example of a severe seismic excitation because it is considered the most massive strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 year. SAP2000 is used to perform the dynamic analysis. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the structure’s behavior, response modal nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis is utilized to analyze and compare the response of the building with and without shear walls. Study results showed that shear walls are very effective in achieving compliance with seismic design codes. In addition, the use of shear walls significantly reduces the shear stresses, bending moments, and displacements of the various members of the structure.
IMPROVED ANALYSIS OF A PROPPED CANTILEVER UNDER LATERAL VIBRATION
Authors: Okonkwo Victor , Aginam Chukwurah , Nwaiwu Charles
Published: January 2022

Continuous systems are sometimes analysed as lumped masses connected by massless elements. This reduces the structure’s degree of freedom and therefore simplifies the analysis. However this over simplification introduces an error in the analysis and the results are therefore approximate. In this work sections of the vibrating beam were isolated and the equations of the forces causing vibration obtained using the Hamilton’s principle. These forces were applied to the nodes of an equivalent lumped mass beam and the stiffness modification needed for it to behave as a continuous beam obtained. The beam’s stiffness was modified using a set of stiffness modification factors to . It was observed that by applying these factors in the dynamic analysis of the beam using the Lagrange’s equation, we obtain the exact values of the fundamental frequency irrespective of the way the mass of the beam was lumped. From this work we observed that in order to obtain an accurate dynamic response from a lumped mass beam there is need to modify the stiffness composition of the system and no linear modification of the stiffness distribution of lumped mass beams can cause them to be dynamically equivalent to the continuous beams. This is so because the values of the modification factors obtained for each beam segment were not equal. The stiffness modification factors were obtained for elements at different sections of the beam
Demountable Column - Girder Joint
Authors: Polák Aleš
Published: January 2022

Traditional precast reinforced concrete structures are characterised by joints of individual components executed with the use of cement grouts or mortars, or by welding reinforcement. The joints produced in this way cannot be demounted in the case of need without damaging the precast components. Demountable precast structures with a long life cycle enable repeated assembly and demounting thus contributing to the saving of the basic input resources and the environment. The main feature of demountable precast structures are patent-protected joints which allow the assembly of the precast components without the necessity of using “wet” processes. The article addresses the characteristics of a demountable girder - column joint. It presents the results of static load tests carried out within extensive experimental research. To conclude, the article specifies the benefits and the applications of demountable structures.
THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES IN STONE MONUMENTS CARE
Authors: Matoušková Eva , Kovářová Kateřina
Published: January 2022

Stone monuments maintenance requires the systematic approach which should be based on the cooperation among specialist through more branches, especially from humanities, natural and technical sciences. The main aim of this article is to present the benefit of the cooperation among geologists and civil engineers and share preliminary results of the Czech Ministry of Culture project DG20P02OVV021 “Stone surface topography and its application in stone element restoration field”. Historic stone surfaces often contain stonemasons tool traces as an undoubtable part of historical monument value. The study and protection of the testimony of past is therefore very important. As a part of our project, we are conducting field and laboratory research of historic stone surfaces bearing the original tool traces. The studied area is the Prague urban conservation zone for its stone monuments richness from Romanesque to present days. First, the geological research of the stone masonry surface is conducted in the cooperation with archaeologists. The tool traces are documented, and the state of stone is described. Because of the negative influence of weathering processes on the stone durability, respectively tool traces, we decided to monitor the chosen historical stone surface using the hyperspectral analysis. Based on the analysis results we will be able to better understand the behaviour of stone surface and traces on it during the time.
AVAILABILITY AND COMPARISON OF DATA FROM SENTINEL-1 SATELLITES IN AREAS OF INTEREST IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SUDAN
Authors: Brétt Dominik
Published: January 2022

The article is focused on the methodology of processing interferometric images and associated challenges with the processing. The article also contains useful links with explanations that can be used for processing data from the Sentinel-1 satellite. To emphasize the data limits of Sentinel-1, several areas of interest were chosen for comparison – in the home environment of the Czech Republic, the Bílina quarry area, and the Žatec area were selected. For subsequent comparison, arid areas with a rich history located in Sudan were selected. The colleagues of the author from the Faculty of The Environment of Jan Evangelista Purkyně University participate in expeditions there. Each of these locations is limited by different parameters – the areas in the Czech Republic are mainly limited by location because of occurring vegetation. Sudan's regions, on the other hand, are arid but are limited by insufficient coverage by capturing the Sentinel-1 satellite. To create digital height models from Sentinel-1 satellite data, it is necessary to search for data with sufficient coherence of images, and parameters of the amount of vegetation with a period between individual images play an important role. The areas were compared with each other and with the commonly available SRTM elevation model, both from a visual point of view – where digital height models and shaded surface models were created, as well as statistically using RMSE.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO FARMACÊUTICO NA GESTÃO DOS MEDICAMENTOS NAS ESTRUTURAS RESIDENCIAIS PARA PESSOAS IDOSAS EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Bell Victoria , Pita João Rui
Published: January 2022

O crescente envelhecimento da população tem suscitado mudanças na sociedade e tem constituído um desafio constante para os profissionais de saúde. A institucionalização do idoso surge, muitas vezes, como a alternativa mais viável para salvaguardar a sua saúde e zelar pela sua qualidade de vida. As doenças crónicas não transmissíveis, prevalentes em geriatria, podem ser atenuadas por mudanças nos hábitos de vida, mas são maioritariamente controláveis através de medicamentos. A gestão dos medicamentos nas estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas, visando a promoção de um envelhecer saudável, tem de assegurar que as diretrizes regulamentares referentes à qualidade e à eficácia dos mesmos esteja garantida. O farmacêutico apresenta-se como o profi ssional de saúde mais habilitado e legalmente reconhecido para exercer estas funções. Como tal, os farmacêuticos devem ser incluídos na equipa multidisciplinar de profissionais que diariamente colaboram para manter a saúde e proporcionar bem-estar ao idoso institucionalizado, bem como na prestação de cuidados paliativos aos pacientes portadores de doenças sem possibilidade de cura.
The Communist Party of Cuba and Present Challenges: Reflections on the Eighth Party Congress
Authors: Otero Germán Sánchez
Published: January 2022

The Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba—held from April 16 to 19, 2021—offers salient questions, issues, and other themes of the current reality of Cuba from the view of revolutionary militants. Let us take heed.
Exploración y comparación de la distribución espacial de los bosques periurbanos en Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Andrades-Grassi Jesús Enrique , Vásquez Rivas Deyriana del Valle , Gámez Álvarez Luis Enrique , Rodriguez Lucero Gerardo Gabriel
Published: January 2022

Los patrones de puntos espaciales son una aproximación para el análisis de la estructura funcional del bosque. En este sentido, se evaluó y comparó la distribución espacial de árboles en bosques periurbanos de Mérida, Venezuela. Se planteó la hipótesis nula de la Aleatoriedad Espacial Completa (CSR), aplicando métodos exploratorios y confirmatorios espaciales sin marcas (e involucrando las marcas para las variables dasométricas) y pruebas de patrones puntuales multivariantes (α = 0.05) a parcelas de bosque primario y secundario (cinco en c/u). Ambos bosques exhibieron una densidad media similar (310 y 339 ind.ha-1). Además, se identificó un proceso CSR para los árboles sin considerar marcas en las variables de altura total y DAP, y en las marcas remanentes de volumen y especie este fue catalogado como no aleatorio, pues no se presentaron diferencias entre los procesos espaciales multivariantes. Se recomienda, por lo tanto, ampliar el área de trabajo y aplicarlo en bosques mejor diferenciados.
Prefacio
Authors: Lee Stolička Ondřej , Brenišínová Monika
Published: January 2022

Editorial
Trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business
Authors: Puślecki Zdzisław W.
Published: January 2022

In this research work, Author focus on the analysis trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. Accordance to the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there are the need for new approaches to trade cooperation. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the new models of the foreign trade policy and trade interests. First of all it must underline that in the new theoretical terms in the demand for trade policy very important is factor specificity. The low specificity of factors means that factor returns are equalized throughout a region’s economy. On the other hand some factors are stuck in their present uses; therefore, factor returns are not equalized throughout a region’s economy, but are industry specific. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of current trends in foreign trade theory and policy and in particulary the models of foreign trade policy, trade interests indicated by export orientation and import sensitivity, foreign trade policy in different types of authoritarian regimes, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, the variation in the foreign trade policy among states, the liberalisation of China foreign trade policy and their effects, the tendencies to international trade liberalisation and the problem of environmental protection, and the tendencies to bilateralism in the foreign trade policy. It should be stressed that free trade in itself is not responsible for economic growth, but more significant are the determining macroeconomic stability and increasing investment.
The impacts of cognitive biases and heuristics on Covid-19 preventive behaviors
Authors: Sevgin Mehmet
Published: January 2022

The covid-19 pandemic disease became part of the study of many scientific disciplines recently since its impact area is large and it threatened millions of lives. One of the important disciplines is public policy since the characteristics may easily influence the spread of covid-19. It is assumed that an individual’s irrational tendencies can increase this spread since they are highly correlated with the most important actions of prevention of the spread such as isolation, wearing a mask, and washing hands. Moreover, public policies can be effective in such a pandemic period if they take into consideration of individual’s irrational tendencies. Hence, in this study the psychological background of why individuals do not follow the regulations that can decrease the spread of covid-19 will be presented: cognitive biases and heuristics.
Prawna ochrona dobrostanu zwierząt gospodarskich podczas ich uboju
Authors: Jachnik Eliza
Published: January 2022

Głównym celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jaki sposób przejawia się ochrona dobrostanu zwierząt gospodarskich w momencie dokonywania ich uboju. Analiza zarówno aktów prawa międzynarodowego, europejskiego, jak i krajowego pozwala dostrzec zasadę, że życie zwierząt stanowi prawnie chronione dobro. Prawodawca przewidział jednak od niej pewne wyjątki, m.in. ubój zwierząt gospodarskich ze względu na konieczność pozyskiwania niektórych produktów pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Ochrona zwierząt gospodarskich podczas ich uśmiercania sprowadza się do ochrony ich dobrostanu i na tyle humanitarnego ich traktowania, na ile jest to możliwe w takiej sytuacji. Podstawowym środkiem ochrony jest obowiązek ogłuszenia zwierząt, czyli skutecznego uniewrażliwienia ich na bodźce otoczenia. Odstępstwo od niego przewidziane jest tylko w przypadku uboju rytualnego. Kwestia ochrony zwierząt podczas ich uśmiercania, a także skutecznej kontroli tej procedury nastręcza wielu problemów.
Koncepcja rezerwatów biosfery UNESCO
Authors: Jeżyńska Beata , Pastuszko Radosław
Published: January 2022

Problematyka zrównoważonego rozwoju jest obecnie przedmiotem zainteresowania licznych gremiów naukowych, rządowych, społecznych, a dyskusja merytoryczna dotyczy wszystkich poziomów i rodzajów presji środowiskowej. Z tego względu warto przedstawić działania podejmowane przez UNESCO w zakresie tworzenia specyficznej platformy zrównoważonego współdziałania, jaką są rezerwaty biosfery. Stanowią one wyjątkowy przejaw realizacji w praktyce zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju.
La limitación de la producción de los aceites de oliva por parte del estado español
Authors: Latorre Ruiz Juan
Published: January 2022

El sector agroalimentario presenta con carácter general una situación bastante complicada en lo que se refiere a la inestabilidad de los precios en origen. No sucede lo mismo con el último eslabón de la cadena, el de la comercialización, que normalmente obtiene beneficios por la venta de dichos productos. El sector del aceite de oliva en España sufre este tipo de desequilibrios y, además, lo hace de forma recurrente. Ante estas circunstancias el legislador español  ha optado por aprobar mediante Real Decreto, el establecimiento de las normas básicas que permitan de forma ordenada retirar la producción del mercado al objeto de paliar la situación precaria sobre todo en los precios y lo ha hecho basándose en la aplicación de un Reglamento europeo. En este artículo nos planteamos si esta norma puede provocar la falta de competencia en el mercado o, si bien, consigue estabilizar los precios en origen del sector oleícola y, a su vez, no genera un perjuicio al consumidor.
Un apunte de Derecho privado sobre las cooperativas en el entorno agroalimentario
Authors: Marín Cáceres Laura
Published: January 2022

Podmioty tworzone przez osoby, które łączą się, aby osiągnąć wspólny cel dzięki podejmowanym razem działaniom, są korzystną formą prowadzenia działalności w sektorze rolnym. Chodzi o spółdzielnie, które zapewniają korzyści każdemu drobnemu rolnikowi lub hodowcy. Ustrój prawny spółdzielni w Hiszpanii został uregulowany ustawą 27/1999 z 16 lipca 1999 r., choć istnieje też wiele niezależnych rozporządzeń przyjętych dla tego sektora. Przedstawione w artykule rozważania, dzięki przeprowadzonej analizie aspektów, takich jak przestrzeganie zasad przewodnich, struktura i funkcjonowanie tych podmiotów, podkreślają praktyczne znaczenie spółdzielni w sektorze rolniczym w Hiszpanii.
Consumer protection and safeguards: proper information on the geographical origin of ingredients. The case of olive oils
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Ángel , Vázquez Ruano Trinidad
Published: January 2022

Since the nineties of the previous century, qualified geographic names have been covered by a harmonised EU-wide protection system whose main feature is the recognition of exclusive rights. Such rights are generally parallel to those deriving from the registration of a brand. Accordingly, they are not solely protected by the measures provided in the rules on unfair competition but also by a EU protection system based on granting the group of traders that had sought and obtained recognition of the protected designation of origin or geographical indication a monopoly over the use of a given geographic name and the possibility to seek remedy against any unlawful use of it. In this sense, the information provided generally benefits the market as well as merchants and consumers.
Sprachliche Herausforderungen an die Rechtsvergleichung im Agrarrecht
Authors: Martínez José
Published: January 2022

Agricultural law combines two opposing directions of development of law in general. One is connected with the local or regional element and indeed, like no other discipline, is linked to a specific region, culture, tradition and linguistic specificity, being a consequence of the specific nature of agricultural law. On the other hand, at the level of the European Union it is characterised by the greatest degree of integration. The Common Agricultural Policy has made agricultural law locally and regionally rooted but, at the same time, it has created a specific technical language of European agricultural law. Therefore, conducting a comparative legal research into the field of agricultural law faces a particular challenge as it requires combining both local and regional linguistic specificities with the European technical language of agricultural law. This relativism of the technical language of agricultural law does not, however, stand in the way of legal comparativism. However, apart from the linguistic knowledge, it requires the researcher to possess thorough cultural, social and economic knowledge of another country. Professor Budzinowski, unlike many other scholars, embodies these skills in his comparative legal research.
O umowach prawnorolnych
Authors: Prutis Stanisław
Published: January 2022

Wyodrębnienie kategorii pojęciowej „umowy prawnorolne” spełnia funkcję porządkującą w ujęciach doktrynalnych dotyczących mechanizmu umowy (konsensu) w naszym systemie prawnym. Terminem „umowy prawnorolne” można określać wszelkie konsensualne czynności prawne, służące realizacji celów polityki rolnej (aspekt funkcjonalny), mające charakter i konstrukcję umów cywilnoprawnych bądź konstrukcję umów administracyjnych, będących obligatoryjną formą działania podmiotu administrującego. Umowa administracyjna, jako prawna forma działania administracji, jest swoistym odpowiednikiem umowy cywilnoprawnej – czynności prawa prywatnego – na gruncie regulacji prawa publicznego. Ten status „odpowiednika” wynika z różnic konstrukcyjnych między obydwiema umowami, toteż wszelkie doktrynalne klasyfikacje umów cywilnoprawnych mogą być przymierzane do umów administracyjnych co najwyżej „odpowiednio”. Prawo rolne jest tą gałęzią prawa, która w swojej funkcji regulacyjnej korzysta zarówno z mechanizmu umów cywilnoprawnych, jak i administracyjnych. Z tego względu zachodzi konieczność zintegrowania badań nad umowami prawnorolnymi, co jednoznacznie przemawia za zachowaniem odrębności prawa rolnego.
Impresa agricola e scienze della vita nel diritto europeo dell’agricoltura
Authors: Albisinni Ferdinando
Published: January 2022

Il lavoro indaga sulle linee evolutive del diritto agrario nella prospettiva europea, ponendo in evidenza le sfide e le criticità che nel XXI secolo hanno connotato le scelte operate nell’ambito della politica agricola comune. All’interno di questa prospettiva, specifica attenzione è assegnata ai temi dell’impresa agricola e della stessa perimetrazione dell’attività agricola; temi risalenti nell’ordinamento italiano, ma rilevanti anche nell’ordinamento polacco, come sottolineato più volte negli studi di Roman Budzinowski. L’analisi investe in particolare le riforme di questo secolo, dalla MTR del 2003 alle riforme del 2013 e del 2021 con la riscoperta dell’agricoltura come attività produttiva, sottolineando l’emergere di nuovi modelli sistemici, che finiscono per costruire Codici europei dell’agricoltura. Vengono poi richiamate le ultime novità introdotte dal Trattato di Lisbona, da alcuni recenti regolamenti in tema di controlli ufficiali e dai documenti della Commissione sul Green Deal europeo, con la connessa attenzione ai temi del benessere animale e della tutela di ogni forma di vita e dell’ambiente nella sua complessità e unità, per concludere che le complesse vicende di questi due primi decenni del XXI secolo si caratterizzano per la crescente attenzione verso le scienze della vita come elemento essenziale e connotante dell’attività dell’impresa agricola in tutte le sue diverse declinazioni.
Luci e ombre del sistema multilaterale degli accordi internazionali sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli
Authors: Spoto Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

Anche se le regolazioni sul commercio dei prodotti agricoli si sono evoluti dagli obiettivi di piena liberalizzazione perseguiti per il commercio dei prodotti industriali, le regole del GATT sono state applicate fin dall’inizio. L’autore dell’articolo ricostruisce il quadro normativo delle fonti internazionali, con particolare attenzione all’Accordo SPS (sulle misure sanitarie e fitosanitarie), all’Accordo TBT (sulle barriere tecniche al commercio), e all’Accordo TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights; Accordo sugli aspetti commerciali dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale). La seconda parte dello studio approfondisce il tema del commercio e dell’informazione a garanzia del diritto internazionale umanitario, partendo da un esame del caso del vino israeliano e dalla motivazione della sentenza della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea (C-368/18). Da quando l’OMC è stata istituita sono avvenuti molti cambiamenti, ma soprattutto c’è stata un’inversione di rotta da parte dei Paesi industrializzati che hanno scelto di stimolare accordi commerciali bilaterali rispetto al sistema multilaterale, minando così l’importanza delle regole dell’OMC. La novità più significativa di questa evoluzione è che tali accordi bilaterali non sono più da considerare come ulteriori sviluppi nella costruzione del sistema multilaterale, ma sono spesso diventati dei veri e propri ostacoli alla ricostruzione. Per l’autore, sono proprio le regole del commercio internazionale stabilite con l’OMC a offrire le migliori garanzie di fronte alla crescita degli scambi e alla conquista sempre più crescente di quote significative del mercato mondiale da parte dei Paesi più aggressivi. Le crisi economiche degli ultimi anni e, soprattutto, i recenti sconvolgimenti dei mercati internazionali a seguito della pandemia hanno mostrato la necessità di rinnovare l’agenda globale, legando indissolubilmente la circolazione delle merci (soprattutto agricole) ad ulteriori obiettivi che non possono prescindere dal cambiamento climatico, dalla lotta all’inquinamento e dalla soluzione dei problemi ambientali che sono diventati temi da considerare come tasselli di un unico grande mosaico. Questi obiettivi richiederebbero un rilancio del multilateralismo e confermerebbero l’importanza di trovare un anello comune all’interno dell’OMC.
Prawna ochrona ukształtowania terenu w procesie jego zagospodarowania – zagadnienia wybran
Authors: Świderski Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Ukształtowanie terenu jest elementem powierzchni ziemi. Celem rozważań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy i w jakim zakresie ustawodawca poddaje ochronie ukształtowanie terenu w procesie jego zagospodarowania, czy ochrona obejmuje tylko naturalne ukształtowanie terenu, czy także możliwość jego ulepszenia. W konkluzji artykułu stwierdzono, że ukształtowanie terenu wpływa na walory użytkowe i przyrodnicze powierzchni ziemi. Ustawodawca nie zabrania zmian ukształtowania terenu odpowiednich do jego przeznaczenia, z zachowaniem zasad prawidłowej gospodarki. Zamiarem ustawodawcy nie jest bezwarunkowe zachowanie naturalnego ukształtowania terenu. Liczą się także jego walory użytkowe. Dlatego ustawodawca zezwala na przekształcenie form terenowych, jeśli jest to korzystne i podnosi walory użytkowe terenu oraz nie wpływa negatywnie na grunty sąsiednie i środowisko.
Akty delegowane w zakresie unijnego prawa rolnego
Authors: Tomkiewicz Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza aktów delegowanych wydawanych przez Komisję Europejską w ramach reform Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na lata 2014–2020. Przedstawiono w nim wątpliwości interpretacyjne co do dotychczasowej praktyki stosowania tych aktów prawnych. Dotyczą one przede wszystkim interpretacji pojęcia „inne niż istotne elementy aktu ustawodawczego”, co znalazło odzwierciedlenie w wielu orzeczeniach TSUE wydanych przed wejściem w życie Traktatu z Lizbony. Wątpliwości związane są też ze stosowaniem aktów delegowanych i dotyczą zakwalifikowania danej materii prawnej jako przedmiotu regulacji aktu delegowanego lub wykonawczego. Odrębne rozważania poświęcono daleko idącej autonomii Komisji Europejskiej w zakresie przyjmowania aktów delegowanych w sprawach rolnych, co wynika ze szczególnej pozycji sektora rolnego. Zwrócono także uwagę na dużą aktywność legislacyjną Komisji Europejskiej w zakresie przyjmowania aktów delegowanych w procedurze pilnej w sektorze rolnym.
Rozważania o rozszerzaniu się zakresu regulacji prawnorolnej z uwzględnieniem perspektywy notariusza
Authors: Blajer Paweł A.
Published: January 2022

Celem rozważań jest charakterystyka zjawiska poszerzania się zakresu regulacji zaliczanych do rolnego prawa gruntowego, wynikającego z nowelizacji ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego dokonanej w 2016 r. oraz jego wpływu na praktykę notarialną obrotu nieruchomościami. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawione zostały ogólne kwestie ukazujące skalę oddziaływania ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego na regulacje wolne dotychczas od jakichkolwiek form „agraryzacji”, tj. w szczególności tradycyjne instytucje prawa cywilnego, postępowanie cywilne, prawo spółek oraz prawo upadłościowe. W drugiej części ukazany został wymiar praktyczny regulacji ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego poprzez przybliżenie niektórych problemów, przed którymi stają notariusze jako praktycy stosujący tę ustawę w swej codziennej działalności. W ramach uwag końcowych dokonano oceny zjawiska poszerzania się zakresu regulacji prawnorolnych w polskim systemie prawa, wskazując, że proces ten nie następuje w sposób racjonalny i spójny.
Le filiere agroalimentari al tempo del COVID-19 in Europa e in Italia. Una sfida tra food security, ripresa e dinamiche dei mercati, tutela del lavoro e dei consumatori, Green Deal, incertezze climatiche
Authors: D’Addezio Mariarita
Published: January 2022

Il saggio, dopo aver considerato alcuni provvedimenti normativi adottati dall’UE e dall’Italia per sostenere le filiere agroalimentari e la ripresa dei relativi mercati a seguito delle contrazioni determinate dalla pandemia COVID-19, si sofferma sul delicato rapporto tra il comparto agroalimentare e il cambiamento climatico e sulle ulteriori cause che attualmente minacciano le potenzialità produttive del comparto, segnalando la necessità di uno sviluppo ecosostenibile di esso ma anche l’esigenza di assicurare una maggiore difesa della sovranità del cibo.
Emocje estetyczne w świetle badań psychologii muzyki: opis i mechanizmy wyjaśniające
Authors: Kaleńska-Rodzaj Julia
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this article is to review contemporary research on aesthetic emotions from the perspective of music psychology. By analyzing the results of research review in the broader theoretical context, the author attempts to answer the question of the appropriateness of distinguishing a separate category of aesthetic emotions and musical aesthetic emotions. She concludes that despite the specific terminologyused to describe aesthetic musical emotions (classification of aesthetic emotions by M. Zentner et al.), some specific induction mechanisms (a multi-level theory of emotion causation by P.N. Juslin) and functions fulfilled in the listener’s life, there is no clear evidence to distinguish musical aesthetic emotions as a separate category of emotions, and the term aesthetic emotions should be reserved only for the emotions arising as a result of the cognitive evaluation of the stimulus according the listener’s aesthetic criteria.
Między- i metazmysły – percepcja w dobie sztuki multimedialnej
Authors: Mądro Andrzej
Published: January 2022

The mechanism of perceiving the world by mankind is still an unfathomable, yet highly discussed, problem of modern science in its various fields. If the issue is considered in the specific context of contemporary music and art – electroacoustic, multimedia, interactive – questions arise: how do the hearing and the mind react to the new synthesized sounds? What are the mechanisms and rules of multi-sensory perception? Are new perceptual skills developing in the face of new aesthetic situations? Does mankind in the age of the newmedia take another step on the long path of its “sensory evolution”?New media art often puts the senses to the proof; it is a game played with perception, with its limitations and capabilities. In turn, intensification of experience appears to the audience as liberation, escapism, but also as a search for new ways of knowing.
Dotyk fortepianu. Wybrane zagadnienia fenomenologii wykonania i percepcji utworu muzycznego
Authors: Chęćka Anna
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of the article is to reflect on performer’s aesthetic concretization of a musical work. The virtuoso’s concretization blurs the boundaries of the subject and the object of experience: the musician becomes a screen for music, embodies it. The artist’s perception is sharpened, which is shown in the article based on the experience of a pianist performing Claude Debussy’s music. Especially important – apart from hearing – is the sense of touch in this experience. The analysis of the experience of the perceptive performer presented here is in a significant way inspired by the pedagogical practice of the French pianist, Alfred Cortot – his statements, recordings and testimonies of his pupils. On the theoretical side, it is founded on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Michel Henry, and indirectly also refers to the comments of Roman Ingarden about aesthetic concretization.
Andrzej Mądro, Muzyka a nowe media. Polska twórczość elektroakustyczna przełomu XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Chorościan Ewa
Published: January 2022

Tekst jest recenzją książki Andrzeja Mądro pt. Muzyka a nowe media. Polska twórczość elektroakustyczna przełomu XX i XXI wieku.
The Orations of the Medieval Dominican Liturgy - Appendix
Authors: Smith Innocent
Published: January 2022

List of Orations in the Missale
Conventuale O.P. (Rome, Santa Sabina, XIV L1)
Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Mengjiaping beschtauite in the southern Taihang mountains
Authors: Tian Haofei , Li Ganyu , Choi Jinyong , Luan Wenlou , Cui Xingtao , Wang Shen , Jin Mengqi , Chen Haotian , Chen Wenjing , Liang Xian , Zou Chengjie , Zhao Liang , Han Sinan , Zou Peijie , Hu Xiaofei
Published: January 2022

The evolution process of the North China Craton has been discussed by many scholars; however, the frame for the timing of the Trans-North China Block has not been fully agreed upon. Related research has mostly focused on the northern and southern sections of the Trans-North China Block, and in-depth studies on intrusive rocks in the central region are lacking. In this study, we conduct a systematic study of the petrography, the whole-rock geochemistry, and the zircon U–Pb dating for the beschtauite intrusion, located in the Mengjiaping area of the Southern Taihang Mountains. Our results demonstrate that the dyke intrusion is mainly composed of beschtauite. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating shows that the beschtauite intrusion occurred at ∼1,880 ± 69 Ma. The beschtauite belongs to I-type granite, Arc tholeiite series, and Cale-alkaline series, with low total alkali, low potassium, and high aluminum. They are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements, relatively depleted in high-field strength elements, and low total rare-earth elements. Based on the abovementioned data, it is suggested that the magmas for the beschtauite intrusion were metasomatized by oceanic slab subduction in the Late Paleoproterozoic. The formation time of the North China Craton basement should be set to after 1,880 Ma.
Transient, Sub-Continuum, Heat Conduction in Irregular Geometries
Authors: Mansoor Saad Bin , Yilbas Bekir S.
Published: January 2022

Phonon transfer in irregular shapes is important for assessing the influence of shape effect on thermal transport characteristics of low-scale films. It becomes critical for evaluating the contribution of the scattering phonons to the phonon intensity distribution inside the film. Hence, the sub-continuum ballistic-diffusive model is incorporated to formulate the phonon transport in an irregular geometry of low-size film adopting the transient, frequency-independent, equation of phonon radiative transfer. The discrete ordinate method is used in the numerical discretization of the governing transport equation. It is demonstrated that the geometric feature of the film influences the phonon intensity distribution within the film material. The transport characteristics obtained from the Fourier and the ballistic-diffusive models are markedly different in their spatial and temporal behavior. This is true when the device sizes are of the same order of magnitude as the mean-free path of the heat carriers.
Mehr Integration?
Authors: Baumann Ansbert
Published: January 2022

Entgegen dem Narrativ, Sport – und inbesondere Fußball – wirke integrierend, hatte der Fußball für die erste Generation der „Gastarbeiter“ zunächst eher separierende Effekte: Die Migranten gründeten eigene Vereine, die teilweise sogar in eigenständigen „Ausländerligen“ gegeneinander antraten, und verharrten somit in ihrem vertrauten soziokulturellen Milieu. Verschiedene Integrationsbemühungen des Deutschen Fußball-Bunds scheiterten häufig nicht zuletzt am Engagement der Entsendestaaten, die über den Fußball die Heimatbindung der Arbeitsmigranten stärken wollten. Längerfristig leisteten die fußballerischen Aktivitäten der „Gastarbeiter“ jedoch, wie Ansbert Baumann aufzeigt, vor allem aufgrund ihrer indirekten Effekte einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Beheimatungsprozess der Migranten.
Szállítás vastüdőben
Authors: Jobb Boróka
Published: January 2022

A koronavírus okozta pandémia előtt az utolsó leg-nagyobb járvány, ami Magyarországot is sújtotta, a második világháború után tomboló járványos gyermekbénulás volt. Ez okot ad arra, hogy közelebbről is megvizsgáljuk ezt az időszakot. Az Országos Mentőszolgálat mentéstechnikai és szakmai újításait a járvánnyal való összefüggésben a szakirodalom érintőlegesen említi. A mentők ebben az időszakban alapították meg a világszinten egyedülálló rohamkocsi szolgálatot és ekkortájt kezdődött el a légi betegszállítás megszervezése is. Jelen írás az Országos Mentőszolgálat szerepét és alakulását tekinti át a járványos gyermekbénulás idején a vonatkozó szakirodalom és a korabeli sajtó alapján, alkalmazva az elméleti kutatás módszerét.
gerincsérültek rögzítése-merre tovább
Authors: Bánfai-Csonka Henrietta , Bánfai Bálint
Published: January 2022

traumás gerincvelő sérülések előfordulása viszonylag alacsony, azonban nem elhanyagolható kórkép, hiszen visszafordíthatatlan következményekkel járhat, ha nem ismerjük fel időben. Már az 1960-as évektől kezdve számos országban a gerincsérültek ellátásának protokollja tartalmazza a merev nyakrögzítő gallér és a gerinchordágy (board) használatát, azonban ezen eszközök alkalmazásának hatékonysága már többször felmerült kérdésként, azonban magas evidenciával bíró tanulmányok hiányában mégsem változtattak érdemben az ellátási protokollokon. Jelen közleményünk célja, hogy felhívja a figyelmet ezen eszközök használatának esetleges hátrányaira, veszélyeire, mindezt egy dán szisztematikus összefoglaló közlemény alapján. Ezen szakirodalmi áttekintés alapján a „Danish National Board of Health” új ajánlást fogalmazott meg, mely nem a baleseti mechanizmus alapján dönt a gerinc rögzítéséről és annak módjáról, hanem a klinikai/fizikális vizsgálatok eredményei alapján. Hazánkban is fontos lenne ezen irányelvek átgondolása és egyesítése mind prehospitális, mind pedig hospitális szempontból.
mentődolgozók attitűdje a szülészeti események vonatkozásában
Authors: Horváth Patrik Zoltán , Németh Dániel , Horváth Balázs , Köcse Tamás , Máté-Póhr Kitti
Published: January 2022

Mentődolgozónak lenni fizikailag és pszichikailag is megterhelő. A riasztások stresszesek, különösen, ha gyermekekkel vagy szülészeti eseményekkel kapcsolatosak. Kutatásunk célja a Nyugat-dunántúli Régió mentődolgozóinak attitűdjét felmérni szülészeti jellegű eseményekhez történő riasztás kapcsán, továbbá felmérni az ezzel kapcsolatos ismeretszintet.
Protokolljavaslat halálhír közlésére a sürgősségi betegellátásban
Authors: Máté Orsolya , Kovács Attila , Németh Ferenc , Simon Klára
Published: January 2022

ekintettel arra, hogy a sürgősségi osztályra kerülő betegek mintegy 0,5-0,7%-a hal meg, gyakorlatilag órákkal a felvétel után, így számolni kell azzal, hogy az ellátóknak gyakran kell rossz hírt közölniük, mely embert próbáló feladat. A felmérések szerint nincs kellő mértékű ismeret és tapasztalat ebben a téma-körben, pedig a halálhír közlésének méltó kivitelezése döntő fontosságú a gyászfolyamat során. A kiterjesztett hatáskörű ápoló kompetenciái közé már a rossz hírek illetve a halálhír közlése is beletartozik. A tájékozta-tási kötelezettség megfelelő színvonalú kivitelezéséhez nyújt segítséget jelen, speciálisan a sürgősségi osztályra adaptált irányelv javaslat.
A pozitív hibakultúra modelljének adaptálása a magyar közoktatási rendszerhez
Authors: Szabóné Mojzes Angelika
Published: January 2022

Jelen tanulmányban arra vállalkozom, hogy bemutassam különböző külföldi példákon keresztül, hogy eddig milyen vizsgálódások zajlottak a pozitív hibakultúra alkalmazása során, ezek milyen eredménnyel zárultak, majd az írásom második felében arról fogok értekezni, hogy ezeknek a példáján miként lehetne hasonló kísérletet végezni a magyar közoktatási rendszerben. Ezt azért is fontosnak tartom, mert meggyőződésem, hogy a pozitív hibakultúra alkalmazásával javítani lehet a magyar tanulók kompetenciáit nemcsak országos, de nemzetközi szinten is. A bemutatandó írásokkal alá kívánom támasztani, hogy pozitív hatást gyakorol bizonyos dimenziókban a tanulók eredményeinek és tanulási képességeinek a fejlődésében. Ezeknek az alátámasztása után pedig egy olyan modellt fogok bemutatni, amellyel sikerrel mérhetem hazai körülmények között ennek a pedagógiai módszertannak a hatásait. Azért szükséges ehhez korábbi kutatási eredmények ismertetése, ugyanis az ott szerzett tapasztalatok nagymértékben hozzásegítenek, hogy elkerüljem azokat a hibákat és nehézségeket, amiket a mérést végző szakemberek még nem tudtak. Az eredmények elemzéséből kiderül, hogy valóban van pozitív hatása a hibakultúrának a tanulók teljesítményének javulásában, habár arra nem találtak bizonyítékokat, hogy közvetlenül befolyásolná azt. Ezeket a szempontokat is beépítve prezentálom saját modellemet.
A felsőoktatásba belépő hallgatók digitális kompetenciaszintjének változása
Authors: Kovács Edina
Published: January 2022

A XXI. századi kompetenciák közül kiemelkedő figyelmet kap az utóbbi években a digitális kompetencia. A felsőoktatás területén egyre nagyobb tért nyerő digitális oktatás még nagyobb lendületet kapott az által, hogy a pandémia idején teljes digitális átállás történt meg. Ennek hatékony megvalósításához azonban szükséges a digitális kompetenciák magas szintje, mind az oktatók mind a hallgatók részéről. Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom, hogy a felsőoktatásba belépő hallgatók milyen digitális kompetenciákkal rendelkeznek. Ugyan a Nemzeti Alaptanterv legújabb módosítása kiemelt hangsúlyt fektet ezen kompetenciák kialakítására, a most felsőoktatásba kerülő hallgatók még nem e szerint a tanterv szerint végezték tanulmányaikat. Vizsgálatunk alapján elmondható, hogy bizonyos kompetenciák tekintetében tapasztalhatóak hiányosságok az elsőéves hallgatóknál, azonban online tananyagelemekkel, és tudatos blended learning alkalmazásával megvalósítható a kompetenciafejlesztés több területen is.