bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validación de un algoritmo de obtención de biomarcadores de imágenes dinámicas de perfusión en tomografía computarizada
Authors: Navarro Guirado Félix , Martín-Viera Cueto Jose A , Roca Sogorb Mar , Alberich Bayarri Ángel
Published: November 2020

A partir del análisis de las imágenes dinámicas de perfusión de contraste en tomografía computarizada, se pueden obtener parámetros que miden características fisiológicas relacionadas con la permeabilidad de los tejidos. Puesto que no existen elementos patrón con los que realizar calibraciones de los conjuntos de herramientas de adquisición y procesado,  es necesario hacer una validación de los resultados obtenidos con el algoritmo aplicado a imágenes sintéticas. En este  texto se estudia el desempeño en condiciones ideales y en presencia de ruido de un algoritmo de ajuste no lineal para la  obtención de parámetros del modelo de Tofts extendido para imágenes de perfusión dinámica. En las pruebas se utiliza  como fuente de datos unas imágenes sintéticas formadas a partir de valores conocidos de los parámetros del modelo.
STEM education through project-based inquiry learning: An Exploratory study on its impact among year 1 primary students
Authors: Eng Tek Ong , Safiee Norazura , Mat Jusoh Zaharah , Md Salleh Sabri , Mohamed Noor Abdul Manas Hanafi
Published: November 2020

Given the context of rising international education standards and the aspiration of better preparing Malaysia’s children for the needs of the 21st century, the Government of Malaysia has conceptualised the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 which embodies 11 strategic and operational shifts. In Shift 1, it is emphasised that the quality of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education will be enhanced. Accordingly, this paper describes the pedagogical practice of Project-based Inquiry Learning (PIL) which promotes STEM Education among Year 1 students in the move to progress in tandem with Shift 1. Specifically, using the context of a magnet which has been stipulated in the Primary School Standard Curriculum, Year 1 students experienced the STEM Education through the STEM Pedagogy in which they raised questions upon the presentation of a relevant stimulus (Inquiry Phase), explored the ways in which a train carriage or coach could be assembled by means of recycled materials and magnets (Exploration Phase), designed a train carriage (Design Phase), and ultimately reflected on their inventions (Reflection Phase). The cognitive and affective impacts though the use of this Project-based Inquiry Learning are presented. Implications for the teaching and learning of science are discussed within the context of STEM Education.
Pembangunan Modul Robot Permainan topik Respirasi Sel menggunakan Model ADDIE
Authors: Saad Muhammad Shakir , Sharif Sabariah , Mariappan Muralindran
Published: November 2020

Tajuk respirasi sel mengandungi konsep dan fakta yang abstrak dan memerlukan pendekatan yang berbeza dalam proses pembelajaran bagi membolehkan para pelajar dapat mengaitkan konsep-konsep yang abstrak dalam bentuk pemahaman yang komprehensif. Ini membolehkan para pelajar dapat meningkatkan pencapaian dalam topik ini seterusnya dapat meningkatkan motivasi pelajar dalam meneruskan proses pembelajaran respirasi sel. Oleh itu, pengkaji telah membangunkan bahan pembelajaran robot berasaskan permainan dalam bentuk modul yang bukan sahaja sebagai platform untuk meningkatkan pencapaian malah kemahiran abad ke-21 dan motivasi pelajar. Modul pembelajaran ini akan menyediakan model konseptual bagi pembelajaran untuk meminimumkan keperluan untuk teknik pembelajaran konvensional yang bersifat verbal terutama dalam topik respirasi sel. Penyelidik telah membangunkan modul robot permainan respirasi sel menggunakan reka bentuk pengajaran ADDIE yang terdiri daripada fasa analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Modul ini akan digunakan dalam kalangan pelajar matrikulasi kendalian Bahagian Matrikulasi Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (BMKPM).
Kesediaan Guru Sains Sekolah Rendah terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran abad ke-21
Authors: Tajudin Azalida , Abdullah Norazilawati
Published: November 2020

Kajian tinjauan ini dijalankan bertujuan mengkaji sejauh manakah kesediaan guru Sains dan sekolah rendah daripada aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran, minat dan sikap dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran abad ke-21 di Jasin. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti adakah terdapatnya hubungan kesediaan guru Sains daripada segi penguasaan pengetahuan, kemahiran, minat dan sikap dengan pengalaman mengajar dan jantina. Seramai 115 orang guru telah dipilih secara rawak berstrata dalam menjayakan kajian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah set soal selidik, skala likert 5 mata digunakan bagi tahap kesediaan dari segi pengetahuan, kemahiran, minat dan sikap. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 dan ditunjukkan dalam frekuensi, min dan sisihan piawai. Dapatan hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kesediaan guru Sains sekolah rendah di Jasin dari segi pengetahuan,sikap, kemahiran dan minat berada pada tahap tinggi. Melalui Ujian-t dan ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap, kemahiran dan minat dengan jantina dan pengalaman mengajar guru. Akhirnya penyelidik mengemukakan beberapa cadangan kajian lanjutan untuk dijalankan oleh penyelidik yang akan datang.
EFEKTIFITAS PELAKSANAAN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (BDS) OLEH DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK
Authors: Rosyadi Imron , Hadiyati Ernani , Astuti Rini
Published: November 2020

Abstract : Since 2016, Indonesian Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) providedBDS’s program aimed to encourage the development of SMEs business andimprove their tax compliance. This study employed the case study method asthe framework, where participants were given the opportunity to provide as muchinformation as possible about their experiences in implementing the programs.The information then collected and sorted according to the sub-related categories.The results of the study indicate that BDS implemented by DGT generallyprovides positive results. There were several factors that determined the successof BDS implementation, namely employee’s participation, seminar material, andcooperation with the third parties. While the factors that were the constraint onesin the BDS implementation was the limited time, cost, and the human resource ofthe DGT itself. SME’s gets positif gain from the program. In addition, the BDSprogram has been proven to reduce the negative perception of SME actors ontaxes.Keywords: Business Development Service, SME , Tax Compliance, Tax Policy,
Lateglacial and Holocene floras and faunas from the Salpetermosen area, north-east Sjælland, Denmark
Authors: Bennike Ole , Pantmann Pernille , Aarsleff Esben
Published: November 2020

The Salpetermosen area in north-east Sjælland, Denmark, was deglaciated about 18 000 to 17 000 years ago. Melting of bodies of stagnant glacier ice led to the for-mation of kettle holes, which contain Lateglacial and Holocene sediments with remains of plants and animals that provide information on the past flora and fauna of the area. During the Allerød period, open forests with Betula pubescens (downy birch) characterised the area, the flora included light-demanding species such as Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry), Empetrum nigrum (crowberry) and rare Populus tremula (aspen), Betula nana (dwarf birch) and Rubus saxatilis (stone bramble), as well as the thermophilous swamp plant Oenanthe aquatica (fine-leaved water dropwort).
During the Younger Dryas, the vegetation was characterised by dwarf-shrub heaths dominated by Betula nana, but including Dryas octopetala (mountain avens), Salix herbacea (least willow), Arctostaphylos alpina (alpine bearberry,) and rare Betula pube-scens, as well as the thermophilous plants Urtica dioeca (stinging nettle) and Lychnis flos-cuculi (ragged robin).
The Early Holocene forests were dominated by Betula pubescens, Populus tremula and Pinus sylvestris (scots pine), but included rare Betula nana. Alnus glutinosa (alder) arrived at c. 10 000 cal. years BP. The calciphilous sedge Cladium mariscus (fen-sedge) and the macrolimnophyte Najas marina (spiny naiad) were common. The Late Holocene flora included the acidophilous plant Scheuchzeria palustris (rannoch-rush).
One-pot multicomponent green Hantzsch synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives with antiproliferative activity
Authors: Bosica Giovanna , Demanuele Kaylie , Padrón José M , Puerta Adrián
Published: November 2020

A rapid route for obtaining unsymmetrical 1,2-dihydropyridines (1,2-DHPs) as opposed to 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) has been achieved via a one-pot multicomponent Hantzsch reaction. A benign protocol has been developed for the preparation of various 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives using heterogenized phosphotungstic acid on alumina support (40 wt %). High yields of over 75% have been accomplished in just 2–3.5 h after screening several heterogeneous catalysts and investigating the optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst chosen has passed the heterogeneity test and was shown to have the potential of being reused for up to 8 consecutive cycles before having a significant loss in activity. In addition, aromatic aldehydes gave the aforementioned regioisomer while the classical 1,4-DHPs were obtained when carrying out the reaction using aliphatic aldehydes. The preliminary study of the antiproliferative activity against human solid tumor cells demonstrated that 1,2-DHPs could inhibit cancer cell growth in the low micromolar range.
Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium
Authors: Forin N. , Vizzini A. , Nigris S. , Ercole E. , Voyron S. , Girlanda M. , Baldan B.
Published: November 2020

Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified
as ' Nectria ' sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new
nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta,
N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha,
N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
Identity, Rituals, and Narratives: Lessons from Reentry and Reintegration after Genocide in Rwanda
Authors: Nyseth Brehm Hollie
Published: November 2020

This policy note outlines core findings from a case study of the experiences of approximately 200 Rwandans as they left prison or community service camp and returned to their communities. Specifically, it relies upon interviews with each of these individuals before, 6 months after, and again 1 year after their release—as well as interviews with over 100 community members. Although reentry and reintegration are multifaceted processes, this policy note focuses on identity, rituals, and narratives with an emphasis on initial reentry, which sets the stage for broader reintegration. In doing so, the note highlights insights that are relevant to reentry and reintegration following not only genocide but also mass violence, war, insurgency, violent extremism, and other forms of political violence. It simultaneously recognizes, however, that the case of Rwanda has exceptional elements and addresses these elements throughout.
EL ESCULTOR JUAN ADÁN Y EL RETABLO MAYOR DE LA CATEDRAL NOVA DE LLEIDA (1780-1783). CREACIÓN, DESTRUCCIÓN Y GUSTO ARTÍSTICO
Authors: Rega Castro Iván , Puig Sanchis Isidro
Published: November 2020

Este estudio se ocupa del retablo mayor de la “nueva Catedral” de Lérida —Catedral Nova de Lleida, en catalán—, obra maestra del escultor aragonés Juan Adán (1741-1816); e intenta documentar y (re)construir el proyecto de 1780. Poco antes de su terminación, éste fue destruido en el trágico incendio acaecido en julio de 1782, del cual se acusó injustamente a este escultor aragonés. Gracias a la investigación llevada a cabo en distintos archivos, se ha podido llegar a determinar sus circunstancias —pruebas, personas involucradas, consecuencias— sin las cuales el sentido de la historia y del patrimonio perdido sería incomprensible. Así pues, este estudio reúne numerosos materiales dispersos, junto a otros importantes documentos hasta ahora desconocidos sobre este trágico suceso y el verdadero alcance de la obra de Juan Adán.
El Escultor Juan Adán y el Retablo Mayor de la Catedral Nova de Lleida (1780-1783) – Creación, Destrucción y Gusto Artístico
Authors: Rega Castro Iván , Puig Sanchis Isidro
Published: November 2020

Este estudio se ocupa del retablo mayor de la “nueva Catedral” de Lérida —Catedral Nova de Lleida, en catalán—, obra maestra del escultor aragonés Juan Adán (1741-1816); e intenta documentar y (re)construir el proyecto de 1780. Poco antes de su terminación, éste fue destruido en el trágico incendio acaecido en julio de 1782, del cual se acusó injustamente a este escultor aragonés. Gracias a la investigación llevada a cabo en distintos archivos, se ha podido llegar a determinar sus circunstancias —pruebas, personas involucradas, consecuencias— sin las cuales el sentido de la historia y del patrimonio perdido sería incomprensible. Así pues, este estudio reúne numerosos materiales dispersos, junto a otros importantes documentos hasta ahora desconocidos sobre este trágico suceso y el verdadero alcance de la obra de Juan Adán.
A Baixela de Prata da Casa Veyrat para a Rainha D. Maria Pia. Um serviço de mesa emblemático no acervo do Palácio Nacional da Ajuda
Authors: Maranhas Teresa
Published: November 2020

A baixela de prata da Casa Veyrat, constituída hoje por duzentas e sessenta e uma peças, terá sido trazida de Itália por D. Maria Pia quando veio para Portugal para casar com o rei D. Luís I, em 1862. Este serviço, “conhecido pelo nome de prata do casamento”, conservou-se no Palácio da Ajuda e faz hoje parte do seu acervo. Destino diferente teve o centro de mesa deste conjunto, entregue pela própria soberana ao Banco de Portugal no início do séc. XX, como garantia de empréstimos bancários que contraiu. Em Julho de 1912, já em plena República, foi vendido no célebre leilão das Jóias e Pratas que pertenceram à falecida rainha D. Maria Pia. O seu paradeiro permaneceu desconhecido até Dezembro de 2014, altura em que reapareceu no mercado de antiquariato e arte e foi adquirido pela Direcção-Geral do Património Cultural para reintegrar o acervo do Palácio Nacional da Ajuda.
Um pequeno tesouro no Palácio Nacional da Ajuda. Um Tête-à-Tête de chocolate que pertenceu ao Infante D. Afonso, Duque do Porto
Authors: Franco Rodrigues Tiago Samuel
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo efetuar-se-á a análise de um serviço tetê-à-tetê para chocolate da manufatura de Viena que faz parte do acervo de cerâmicas do Palácio Nacional da Ajuda. O mesmo é rico em detalhes e foi alvo de uma análise comparativa com outros dois: um do acervo do Palácio Nacional de Queluz e outro do Palácio Nacional da Pena. Os três pertenceram aos bens da Casa Real portuguesa, desde a sua aquisição até 1910.
Description of a new Hiroshia species (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae) from Hubei Province, China
Authors: Zheng Hong , Ronkay Gábor , Ronkay László , Han Hui-Lin
Published: November 2020

A third species of Hiroshia László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, H. shennongjiaensis Ronkay, Ronkay & Han, sp. nov. is described from Hubei Province in China. The adult and the male genitalia of the new species are illustrated and compared with those of its congeners, H. albinigra László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001 and H. nanlingana Zhuang, Owada & Wang, 2014; an identification key based on the male genitalia is presented.
The Discussion Board in Online Learning: Leadership Development Opportunities
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented opportunities for training and development to move to online formats. The discussion board is an essential online tool to advance leadership development. Both learner and educator tips are provided for discussion board optimization, including considerations for rubric development for learner evaluation.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(12):541–543.]
Expresando el cambio litúrgico en la Iberia de los siglos XI y XII a través de la festividad de los Santos Inocentes
Authors: Walker Rose
Published: November 2020

La fiesta de los Santos Inocentes es un ejemplo especialmente informativo sobre el cambio litúrgico del rito viejo hispánico al Romano en la Península Ibérica después de 1080. No solo implicó un cambio de nombre y de fecha de la fiesta, sino también un cambio en el tenor y el significado de la misma que siempre debía encontrar el equilibrio entre la tragedia y la celebración. Las elaboradas lamentaciones alegóricas de la liturgia viejo hispánica fueron sustituidas, al principio, por lecturas y cantos más neutrales centrados en los infantes como santos mártires. Sin embargo, exposiciones más narrativas de la Masacre de los Inocentes pasaron a dominar en el siglo XII. Colecciones de sermones u homilías desempeñaron un papel importante en este proceso. Imágenes en pinturas murales –y, después de 1150, en escultura– comenzaron a manifestar plenamente el drama de esta fiesta.
The Dominant Nodes Index in Shortest Paths (DNISP) as A Local Measure of Source Looking for the Target in Complex Networks
Authors: Hasan Hussein L. , Albermany Salah A.
Published: November 2020

When there are multiple alternate shortest paths between any two nodes in a complex network, there is a need to know details about the content of the paths and the dominance of the nodes within it, this need comes to maximize, control and speed of the information diffusion. This paper discusses the creation of a new special measure as a local scale for any X node in the network. This measure will give each neighbour of the node X a domination value to access the rest of the network, in other words any nodes included in the shortest path (X,Y) will be given a control value, taking into account the existence of more than one shortest path between (X,Y). Such a measure is called a DNISP, which stands for Dominant Nodes Index in Shortest Paths. The X-node needs to examine all shortest paths that connect it with any other nodes across the ones that are directly associated with it. This measure provides an insight into how information flows between nodes according to dominant values with each node.
Enterprise Data Lake Management in Business Intelligence and Analytics
Authors: Daradkeh Mohammad Kamel
Published: November 2020

The data lake has recently emerged as a scalable architecture for storing, integrating, and analyzing massive data volumes characterized by diverse data types, structures, and sources. While the data lake plays a key role in unifying business intelligence, analytics, and data mining in an enterprise, effective implementation of an enterprise-wide data lake for business intelligence and analytics integration is associated with a variety of practical challenges. In this chapter, concrete analytics projects of a globally industrial enterprise are used to identify existing practical challenges and drive requirements for enterprise data lakes. These requirements are compared with the extant literature on data lake technologies and management to identify research gaps in analytics practice. The comparison shows that there are five major research gaps: 1) unclear data modelling methods, 2) missing data lake reference architecture, 3) incomplete metadata management strategy, 4) incomplete data lake governance strategy, and 5) missing holistic implementation and integration strategy.
A Framework to Evaluate Big Data Fabric Tools
Authors: Alpoim Ângela , Lopes João , Guimarães Tiago André Saraiva , Portela Carlos Filipe , Santos Manuel Filipe
Published: November 2020

A huge growth in data and information needs has led organizations to search for the most appropriate data integration tools for different types of business. The management of a large dataset requires the exploitation of appropriate resources, new methods, as well as the possession of powerful technologies. That led the surge of numerous ideas, technologies, and tools offered by different suppliers. For this reason, it is important to understand the key factors that determine the need to invest in a big data project and then categorize these technologies to simplify the choice that best fits the context of their problem. The objective of this study is to create a model that will serve as a basis for evaluating the different alternatives and solutions capable of overcoming the major challenges of data integration. Finally, a brief analysis of three major data fabric solutions available on the market is also carried out, including Talend Data Fabric, IBM Infosphere, and Informatica Platform.
Predicting Estimated Blood Loss and Transfusions in Gynecologic Surgery Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Walczak Steven , Mikhail Emad
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores valuating the efficacy of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the estimated blood loss (EBL) and also transfusion requirements of myomectomy patients. All 146 myomectomy surgeries performed over a 6-year period from a single site are captured. Records were removed for various reasons, leaving 96 cases. Backpropagation and radial basis function ANN models were developed to predict EBL and perioperative transfusion needs along with a regression model. The single hidden layer backpropagation ANN models performed the best for both prediction problems. EBL was predicted on average within 127.33 ml of measured blood loss, and transfusions were predicted with 71.4% sensitivity and 85.4% specificity. A combined ANN ensemble model using the output of the EBL ANN as an input variable to the transfusion prediction ANN was developed and resulted in 100% sensitivity and 62.9% specificity. The preoperative identification of large EBL or transfusion need can assist caregivers in better planning for possible post-operative morbidity and mortality.
The Effect of Clustering in Filter Method Results Applied in Medical Datasets
Authors: Elong Nadjla , Rahal Sidi Ahmed
Published: November 2020

For a deeper and richer analytic processing of medical datasets, feature selection aims to eliminate redundant and irrelevant features from the data. While filter has been touted as one of the simplest methods for feature selection, its applications have generally failed to identify and deal with embedded similarities among features. In this research, a hybrid approach for feature selection based on combining the filter method with the hierarchical agglomerative clustering method is proposed to eliminate irrelevant and redundant features in four medical datasets. A formal evaluation of the proposed approach unveils major improvements in the classification accuracy when results are compared to those obtained via only the applications of the filter methods and/or more classical-based feature selection approaches.
The Visibility of the Invisible: Potentials of Wrapping Leaves in the Livelihood of Rural Women of Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Kayode Gladys Modupe , Kayode Joshua
Published: November 2020

The study identified plant species whose leaves are used for wrapping food and agricultural products in Ekiti State, Nigeria, and determined their economic potentials to rural women. Semi-structured questionnaire matrix was used to interview randomly selected women. The interviews were focused, conversational and two-way in communication. Nineteen indigenous food and nine agricultural products were enfolded in the study area. Wrapping leaves were obtained from seven plant species. Leaves harvestings were predatory and annihilative in two of these species-Megaphrymium macrostachyum and Thaumatococcus daniellii- that were not cultivated in the study area. Leaves from T. daniellii were the preferred for wrapping and has a market value. Women dominated the harvesting, products utilization, haulage and marketing of the leaves of this species. In addition, women were familiar with the habitat and ecology of the species. Thus, it offers an opportunity to rural women in order to improve their economic status.
Significance and Issues of Developing Heritage Tourism at Godawaya for Peace in Sri Lanka
Authors: Shammika D. L. A. H.
Published: November 2020

Heritage is considered to be anything that someone wishes to conserve or to collect, and to pass on to future generations. Heritage tourism can contribute to reducing stereotypical attitudes in society and it may lead to a behavioural change and then reduce social contradictions. At present, the use of heritage in tourism is a sensitive and dynamic area of development, particularly where communities which were involved in violent conflicts have moved from war to non-war. Sri Lanka in its post-war peace building process is yet to harness heritage tourism as an avenue for peace and to discover its developmental potential and novel perspectives for peace building process. Godawaya in Hambanthota district in the Southern province of Sri Lanka retain archaeological evidence of a prehistoric civilization. The objectives of this research are to explore the archaeological significance of this site, its cultural value, the interconnections between community and to find possibilities of promoting peace through tourism in Sri Lanka. The methodological approach taken to answer the research question was based on grounded theory. This theory had been constructed based on the meaningfulness or understanding of conversations, observations and interpretations made at the research field. Systematic coding, data analysis and theoretical sampling procedures were carried out during the research process that enables the researcher to deduce from diverse patterns of data description into a higher level of abstraction. The main qualitative methods incorporated to the grounded theory were participant observation, unstructured interviewing, observation and documentary materials. The study finds the failure to construct a cohesive identity suffers a major drawback in Sri Lanka’s nation-state building process. This research has explored the potential of this site which can channel the conscientization process to rediscover a common inheritance and identity between the two ethnic groups of Sinhalese and Tamils which can foster peace. This article also discusses how different ideological representations would like to perceive the history, the land and the heritage of Sri Lanka as well as how primordial sentiments are developed leading to the ethnic segregation. This study has identified the potential that heritage tourism has to reduce structural violence by empowering local communities to reduce inter-ethnic, religious and other prejudices.
The Role of Cutaneous Type I IFNs in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Turnier Jessica L. , Kahlenberg J. Michelle
Published: November 2020

IFNs are well known as mediators of the antimicrobial response but also serve as important immunomodulatory cytokines in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. An increasingly critical role for IFNs in evolution of skin inflammation in these patients has been recognized. IFNs are produced not only by infiltrating immune but also resident skin cells, with increased baseline IFN production priming for inflammatory cell activation, immune response amplification, and development of skin lesions. The IFN response differs by cell type and host factors and may be modified by other inflammatory pathway activation specific to individual diseases, leading to differing clinical phenotypes. Understanding the contribution of IFNs to skin and systemic disease pathogenesis is key to development of new therapeutics and improved patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory role of IFNs in skin, with a focus on type I, and provide insight into IFN dysregulation in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Modeling the Impact of Population Intervention Strategies on Reducing Health Disparities: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions and Childhood Diarrheal Disease in Peru
Authors: Patrick Rudy , McElroy Sara , Schwarz Lara , Kayser Georgia , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: November 2020

Access to safe water and basic sanitation and hygiene facilities (WASH) are important for childhood health globally. However, inequalities in WASH access persist, and local governments need to better understand the potential impact of scaling up WASH services on childhood health. Using 2011 Peru Demographic and Health Survey data as a case study, we applied a modified substitution estimator approach to assess the impact of scaling up access (20–100%) to WASH on diarrhea prevalence among children < 5 years. The modified substitution estimator approach can help identify population subgroups or areas where WASH interventions and sustained implementation could be most beneficial and reduce existing disparities. Using findings from a recent meta-analysis and computing bootstrapped estimates and 95% CIs, we examined inequalities in the effect of WASH on self-reported diarrhea by urbanicity, maternal education level, household wealth, and district of residence. Increasing access (100% change) to improved water sources, sanitation, and hygiene facilities reduced population-level prevalence of childhood diarrhea by 8.2% (95% CI: 4.1, 12.3), 5.5% (95% CI: 0.7, 9.8), and 5.2% (95% CI: 2.2, 8.1), respectively. In stratified analyses, increased access to improved water sources and hygiene facilities was associated with decreased prevalence of diarrhea, with the largest reduction in rural areas and households with lower maternal education and lower wealth. Our findings suggest targeted WASH implementation in Peru is needed in rural areas and among lower socioeconomic-status households. In addition, even low levels of change in overall WASH access may decrease diarrhea prevalence.
Plasma Kynurenine to Tryptophan Ratio Is Negatively Associated with Linear Growth of Children Living in a Slum of Bangladesh: Results from a Community-Based Intervention Study
Authors: Gazi Md. Amran , Das Subhasish , Siddique Md. Abdullah , Alam Md. Ashraful , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Hossaini Farzana , Kabir Md. Mamun , Noor Zannatun , Haque Rashidul , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: November 2020

Chronic exposure to infectious agents results in environmental enteric dysfunction—a significant contributor to childhood stunting. Low plasma tryptophan (TRP), increased kynurenine (KYN), and KYN–TRP (KT) ratio are associated with infections and chronic immune activation. We postulated that both these conditions are interlinked, and therefore aimed to identify the association between KT ratio and the linear growth of Bangladeshi children. A total of 480 stunted and at risk of being stunted children aged 12–18 months were enrolled and provided nutrition intervention for 90 days. Plasma samples were assessed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure TRP and KYN concentrations. Multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations was applied to analyze association between the KT ratio and linear growth. Tryptophan, KYN, and KT ratio were significantly higher in stunted children than in children at risk of being stunted both at baseline and at the end of nutrition intervention. Following intervention, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) KYN concentration was significantly reduced from 4.6 (3.6, 5.4) µmol/L to 3.9 (0.3, 7.6) µmol/L, and median (IQR) KT ratio decreased from 104 (80.9, 131) to 92.8 (6.6, 247) in stunted children. We also found KT ratio to be negatively associated (coefficient = −0.7; 95% CI = −1.13, −0.26; P-value = 0.002) with linear growth. In addition, KYN and KT ratio were positively correlated with fecal neopterin and plasma C-reactive protein, whereas TRP was negatively correlated with both of these biomarkers and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Our findings imply that KT ratio is associated in the pathophysiology of stunting as well as with biomarkers of inflammation in Bangladeshi children.
Sudomotor Changes in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with or without Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Tharwa El-Sayed , Mohamed Anwar , Elshazly Helmy , Salama Mohsen , Youssef Mohamed I. , Bakeer Mohammed Saied , Kamel Shimaa Y. , Abdelmageed Sabry Moawad , Shabana HosamEldeen Salah , Allam Mahmoud Abdelrashed , Al Shazly Sherief M. , Hamed Elsayed Fathi Ali , Zied Hassan Yousef , Elwazzan Doaa , Elkhadry Sally Waheed , Mahros Aya Mohammed , Ahmed Mohammed Hussien , Alwaseef Mohammad AbdElhameed Ahmed , Abdel-Samiee Mohamed
Published: November 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can affect the neurological system, and neuropathy is one of these manifestations. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) type II, and diabetic patients are at higher risk of acquiring HCV infection. Sweat function has been proposed to assess early autonomic neuropathy. This study aimed to evaluate small fiber neuropathy in asymptomatic HCV-related cirrhotic patients with or without DM through sweat function assessment by Sudoscan test. Three groups were involved: 47 healthy controls, 48 HCV-related cirrhotic patients without DM (group 1), and 49 HCV-related cirrhotic patients with DM type II (group 2). All participants were subjected to liver panel tests, renal function tests, cell blood counts, HbA1c, and abdominal ultrasound. Sweat function was assessed in all patients and controls by measuring hand and feet electrochemical skin conductance (ESC, microSiemens [µS]) using Sudoscan. Peripheral neuropathy was detected in none of the controls, 39% of group 1 patients, and 62% of group 2 patients (P < 0.0001). The mean feet ESC (FESC) was 88.3 ± 6.8 µS in controls, 67.2 ± 19.2 µS in group 1, and 57.9 ± 19.4 µS in group 2 (P < 0.0001). A significant correlation was observed between FESC and bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, international normalized ratio, transaminases, and splenic size. Electrochemical skin conductance measurement is a valuable, noninvasive method for early detection of small fiber neuropathy in asymptomatic HCV-related cirrhosis, with or without DM.
The Role of Health in Education and Human Capital: Why an Integrated Approach to School Health Could Make a Difference in the Futures of Schoolchildren in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Cohee Lauren M. , Halliday Katherine E. , Gelli Aulo , Mwenyango Irene , Lavadenz Fernando , Burbano Carmen , Drake Lesley , Bundy Donald A. P.
Published: November 2020

Healthy students learn better, yet most current investments in schoolchildren focus on education and learning while largely neglecting the health of the learner. Some school-based interventions, such as school feeding and deworming, are already successfully targeted at this age-group, but the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of such programs could be greatly enhanced by better integrated delivery alongside other priority health interventions. A symposium at the society’s 68th annual meeting launched a process to explore how integrated delivery of school-based interventions can address prevalent health conditions in school-age children.
Minimum-projection in the Integer Lattice
Authors: Dobravec Tomaz
Published: November 2020

According to the l1 norm, the minimum-projection Pi(x, v) is the smallest element of the intersection of the discrete straight line t(x, v) = {x + t * v, t ∈ Z} and the half-plane Zi2= {x &isin ZxZ sign(i) * x|i| ⋜ 0}. The minimum- projection is, among other things, also used to execute effective routing algo- rithms in circulant graphs. This arti- cle presents an algorithm for calculat- ing the minimum-projections and an al- gorithm for calculating the smallest ele- ment of the discrete straight line t(x, v) in the whole plane ZxZ. Both algorithms have the time complexity O(1). The arti- cle also discusses the k-dimensional gen- eralization of the above-mentioned algo- rithms.
Lavoro minorile in agricoltura. Comunità internazionale e Santa Sede in favore dello slancio gioioso della speranza
Authors: Chica Arellano Fernando
Published: November 2020

El trabajo infantil es una de las principales lacras actuales de la humanidad. El artículo, de tenor descriptivo, presenta los inicios históricos de las denuncias acerca de este problema, el desarrollo de los instrumentos de regulación internacional, las iniciativas de la Comunidad internacional para combatir el trabajo infantil, y las aportaciones del Magisterio pontificio acerca del tema.
Analysis of the possibility of organizing a transport interchange complex
Authors: Golenya Yu. V.
Published: November 2020

The carriage of passengers takes a significant place in the activities of transport organizations. Ensuring high quality passenger transportation is one of the main tasks of railway transport, which directly depends on the technical equipment and technology of servicing passenger traffic at passenger stations. The introduction of multimodal transport in passenger traffic can change the attitude to transport in general, it will allow: to pick up each passenger the optimal combination of modes of transport (price and quality); monitor the entire transport process and notify of further movements, to hold the carrier responsible for not fulfilling the stages of multimodal transportation. And the organization of the transport and transfer complex will optimize and streamline the process of passenger service. The study was carried out on the example of the transport hub of the station N. Station allows to transfer passengers from rail transport (long and suburban) to all types of urban transport, as well as taxis and personal transport. However, there is practically no interaction with other types of transport at the regional and federal level in this hub. At some distance from station N is a bus station for several long-distance destinations. Territorial location, concentration of several modes of transport, accompanying infrastructure, as well as the potential of this station N allow to organize a prospective transport and transfer complex and attract additional passenger flow, which in the conditions of competition with personal vehicles is important. To do this, all the necessary elements of the multimodal node, necessary for the operation of the transport and transfer complex, are calculated.
Japanese Railways: research and development
Authors: Cosmin V. V.
Published: November 2020

The main directions of scientific and applied work carried out for the railways of Japan, the tasks facing the country’s railway transport, as well as the main guidelines of the new five-year plan for scientific research of the Scientific Research Railway Institute of Japan developed in Japan are investigated. Much attention is paid to digitalization as a key problem in the development of the country’s railways in the near and long term. The objects of digitalization on the railways of Japan are presented. The main scientific research for the Japanese railways is carried out by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (RTRI), whose researchers are united in 17 departments and, in addition to deep theoretical research, have a powerful and developed experimental base consisting of four test centers. RTRI’s objectives are to intensify research and development work to improve rail safety, technology and operations, taking into account customer needs and social change; developing professional knowledge in all aspects of railways to meet the challenges faced by railways, using advanced scientific knowledge; mastering advanced technologies in relation to the needs of Japanese railways and reaching a leading position in the world. The primary principles of RTRI research activities for the coming period are considered.
Digital environment for seamless data transmission of trackless circuits
Authors: Lakhtionov V. A. , Rudneva E. S. , Ivanova E. M.
Published: November 2020

The subject of the research is a digital data transmission format for improving the operation of automation and telemechanics equipment. The relevance of this topic in the light of the requirements of the complex scientific and technical project “ Digital railway “is associated with the need to reduce the costs of JSC” Russian Railways “ in operating activities. The article considers the effectiveness of the proposal to abandon the use of rail chains and all related equipment to reduce the inter-train interval and increase capacity, as well as to reduce the risk of injuries to employees of JSC “Russian Railways” working on the tracks. Used analytical, marketing, and project methods; public access materials, own research. It is proposed to create a digital environment for seamless transmission of locomotive signaling signals without rail chains and floor equipment according to the WiMax standard for online monitoring and diagnostics of infrastructure, “smart” rolling stock, reducing the cost of operating devices, reducing the inter-train interval and improving both labor safety and train movement, which will provide total control over the work of the dislocation of trains and teams working on the stretch, infrastructure for deserted technology of operation and driving trains, with an economic effect of at least 212 million rubles per year. The proposal is effective for interval traffic control, improving the reliability and efficiency of devices, fencing work sites, seamless and digital data transmission, and train driving. Calculations have established that the implementation of the proposal will ensure high safety of train traffic and personnel work on the tracks, reduce the cost of maintaining the equipment of rail chains, as well as in General – to implement the format of unpopulated technology of railway transport.
30 years of the Russian Railroad Amateurs’ Society
Authors: Voulfov A. B.
Published: November 2020

The creation, formation and activities of the Inter-Regional Public Organization the "Railroad Amateurs’ Society" (VOLZD) are considered. The Society has become a notable unit for the preservation and promotion of the historical heritage of our country's railways. At the conference dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the VOLZD, the great role of the Company was noted, congratulations were made by the head of the JSC "Russian Railways" O.V. Belozerov and the chief engineer of the company S.A. Kobzev. The main goals and objectives of VOLZD are shown: preservation and promotion of the historical heritage of railway transport, creation of a positive image of railways in the eyes of the general public, satisfaction of cognitive interest in the railway, education and vocational guidance, development of railway modeling, reference and information activities. The algorithm of the Society's work is presented. It was noted that VOLZD is an active partner of Russian Railways in the field of popularization of the past and present of the industry, propagandizes the historical activities of Russian Railways in Russia and abroad. The Society advises the company, its branches, and other organizations in the field of the history of railways (while maintaining retro technology, preparing mass events and orders in the field of the history of railways, filming, etc.).
PROLONGED QRS DURATION>140 MILLISECONDS AS A PREDICTOR OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Niazi Gul Zaman Khan , Tariq Hassaan , Akhtar Ammar , Saleemi Muhammad Sohail , Zaffar Muhammad Zubair , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of prolonged QRS duration >140 milliseconds (ms) on electrocardiography (ECG) for diagnosing left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in patients of left bundle branch block (LBBB). Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 128 patients with LBBB. QRS duration was calculated in every patient and duration >140ms was considered as positive criterion for predicting LVSD. Echocardiography was done in all patients to diagnose LVSD. Specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of QRS duration>140 ms on ECG in predicting LVSD taking echocardiography as a standard were calculated by using 2x2 contingency table. Results: An ECG QRS duration>140 ms criterion was 76.3% sensitive and 75.4% specific in diagnosing LVSD while PPV was 72.6% and the NPV of 78.8% in diagnosing LVSD. Conclusion: An ECG QRS duration > 140 ms is reasonable in predicting LVSD.
Crônicas urbanas, espaços de solidão e afetos desestabilizados no cinema latino-americano
Authors: Costa Wendell Marcel Alves da
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir as crônicas urbanas construídas em filmes latino-americanos. Desenvolvemos análise fílmica das obras Medianeras e O Homem das Multidões que contextualizam as relações sociais cotidianas em espaços de solidão, representando os afetos desestabilizados nas cidades de Buenos Aires e Belo Horizonte. Definimos como ponto de partida a elaboração conceitual em torno dos afetos desestabilizados, que têm potencial revelador da sociedade pós-moderna, contrastando a existência dos afetos desestabilizados com as temáticas do espaço e do tempo criadoras do viver urbano: os espaços “comuns” e a intuição do tempo e as poéticas do espaço. Problematizamos o discurso social contido nos filmes a partir da análise dos símbolos e do imaginário social construído sobre a cidade contemporânea que está presente por meio de crônicas urbanas. Como resultados alcançados, circunscrevemos o tema do viver urbano no âmbito das virtualidades da vida cotidiana e dos espaços de solidão na metrópole, respectivamente, nos filmes Medianeras e O Homem das Multidões.
Sociologias Emergentes: uma agenda não-exemplar
Authors: Rosa Marcelo Carvalho
Published: November 2020

Conferência do Prof. Dr. Marcelo C. Rosa (UnB), por ocasião da aula inaugural do Doutorado em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ BİLİMİN DOĞASINA YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİ VE STEM FARKINDALIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TİMUR Betül , SAYIT Didem
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı; öğretmen adaylarının bilimin doğasına ve STEM’e yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Marmara Bölgesi’nde bir ilde bulunan bir üniversitede fen bilgisi öğretmenliği, sınıf öğretmenliği ve okul öncesi öğretmenliğinde, 3 ve 4. sınıflarda öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 499 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, bilimin doğası ve FeTeMM farkındalık ölçeği arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde, düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının bilimin doğası konusunda bilgi eksiklerinin ve kavram yanılgılarının olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. STEM’e yönelik görüşlerinin ise olumlu yönde olduğu ancak bu konuda bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.