bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the structure of plane turbulent wall jets. Part 1. Spectral analysis
Authors: Choudhary Harish , Gupta Abhishek , Bhatt Shibani , Prabhakaran Thara , Singh A.K. , Karipot Anandakumar , Dixit Shivsai Ajit
Published: July 2024

Plane turbulent wall jets are traditionally considered to be composed of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) topped by a half-free jet. However, certain peculiar features, such as counter-gradient momentum flux occurring below velocity maximum in experiments and numerical simulations, suggest a different structure of turbulence therein. Here, we hypothesize that turbulence in wall jets has two distinct structural modes, wall mode scaling on wall variables and free-jet mode scaling on jet variables. To investigate this hypothesis, experimental data from our wall jet facility are acquired using single hot-wire anemometry and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry at three nozzle Reynolds numbers 10 244, 15 742 and 21 228. Particle image velocimetry measurements with four side-by-side cameras capture the longest field of view studied so far in wall jets. Direct spatial spectra of these fields reveal modal spectral contributions to variances of velocity fluctuations, Reynolds shear stress, shear force, turbulence production, velocity fluctuation triple products and turbulent transport. The free-jet mode has wavelengths scaling on the jet length scale

${z_{T}}$

, and contains two dominant submodes with wavelengths

$5{z_{T}}$

and

$2.5{z_{T}}$

. The region of flow above the velocity maximum shows the presence of the outer jet mode whereas the region below it shows robust bimodal behaviour attributed to both wall and inner jet modes. Counter-gradient momentum flux is effected by the outer jet mode intruding into the region below velocity maximum. These findings support the hypothesis of wall and free-jet structural modes, and indicate that the region below velocity maximum could be much complex than a conventional TBL.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Unpleasant and Pleasant Emotion Regulation Assessment (UPER-A)
Authors: Echegaray Fanny , Roux Solenne , Koleck Michèle , Jouvie Jessika , Artheix-Althabegoity Yvane , Lebourleux Paul , Munuera Caroline , M’bailara Katia
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The Unpleasant and Pleasant Emotion Regulation Assessment (UPER-A) is the first self-administered scale that provides indicators of how individuals use their repertoire of emotion regulation (ER) strategies for both unpleasant and pleasant emotions as well as the perceived efficacy in ER. The UPER-A consists of a total of 27 items and 4 open-ended questions, divided into three parts: unpleasant ER strategies (Part I), pleasant ER strategies (Part II), and perceived efficacy in ER (Part III). The aim of the present study was to develop and do a preliminary validation of the UPER-A. A sample of 513 French adults (mean age = 30.7 years old, SD = 12.3, range= 17–72 years old; 63.9% female) completed the tool. UPER-A is composed of a battery of tools for Part I (9 items) and Part II (8 items), and also 2 sub-factors for Part III, and provides several scores: average frequency of strategy use, availability, predominant use, predominant type, unused strategies, perceived efficacy. Validity indicators (internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability) are satisfactory. This new tool permits us to take into account emotion polyregulation and to improve clinical orientations concerning unpleasant and pleasant ER difficulties. Further studies are needed to extend the validation of the UPER-A, in clinical populations or adverse contexts for example.
Variable Iron Mineralogy and Redox Conditions Recorded in Ancient Rocks Measured by In Situ Visible/Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy at Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Mandon L. , Ehlmann B. L. , Wiens R. C. , Garczynski B. J. , Horgan B. H. N. , Fouchet T. , Loche M. , Dehouck E. , Gasda P. , Johnson J. R. , Broz A. , Núñez J. I. , Rice M. S. , Vaughan A. , Royer C. , Gómez F. , Annex A. M. , Beyssac O. , Forni O. , Brown A. , Bell J. F. , Maurice S.
Published: July 2024

Using relative reflectance measurements from the Mastcam‐Z and SuperCam instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, we assess the variability of Fe mineralogy in Noachian/Hesperian‐aged rocks at Jezero crater. The results reveal diverse Fe3+ and Fe2+ minerals. The igneous crater floor, where small amounts of Fe3+‐phyllosilicates and poorly crystalline Fe3+‐oxyhydroxides have been reported, is spectrally similar to most oxidized basalts observed at Gusev crater. At the base of the western Jezero sedimentary fan, new spectral type points to an Fe‐bearing mineral assemblage likely dominated by Fe2+. By contrast, most strata exposed at the fan front show signatures of Fe3+‐oxides (mostly fine‐grained crystalline hematite), Fe3+‐sulfates (potentially copiapites), strong signatures of hydration, and among the strongest signatures of red hematite observed in situ, consistent with materials having experienced vigorous water‐rock interactions and/or higher degrees of diagenesis under oxidizing conditions. The fan top strata show hydration but little to no signs of Fe oxidation likely implying that some periods of fan construction occurred either during a reduced atmosphere era or during short‐lived aqueous activity of liquid water in contact with an oxidized atmosphere. We also report the discovery of alternating cm‐scale bands of red and gray layers correlated with hydration and oxide variability, which has not yet been observed elsewhere on Mars. This could result from syn‐depositional fluid chemistry variations, possibly as seasonal processes, or diagenetic overprint of oxidized fluids percolating through strata having variable permeability.
Hydrodynamics Control Nitrous Oxide Production in Eutrophic Coastal Permeable Sediments
Authors: Fowdar Harsha , Grant Stanley B. , Wong Wei Wen , Kessler Adam , Cook Perran
Published: July 2024

Permeable sediments, which make up almost half of the continental shelf worldwide, are potential sources of the important greenhouse gas N2O from coastal regions. Yet, the extent to which interactions between these sediments and anthropogenic pollution produce N2O is still unknown. Here we use laboratory experiments and modeling to explore the factors controlling N2O production at a eutrophic site in a temperate shallow marine embayment (Port Phillip Bay, Australia). Our results show that denitrification is the main source of N2O production within permeable sediments, but the extent to which N2O is actually released is determined by the rate of seawater exchange with the sediment bed (which governs solute residence time within the bed). In wave‐dominated coastal areas, shallower water with more intense waves (wave height > 1 m) release the most N2O, with up to 0.5% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen pumped into biologically active eutrophic sediment being released as N2O. Our results suggest rates of N2O production in coastal permeable sediments are generally low compared to other environments.
One Martian Year of Near‐Surface Temperatures at Jezero From MEDA Measurements on Mars2020/Perseverance
Authors: Munguira A. , Hueso R. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Toledo D. , de la Torre Juárez M. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. , Martínez G. M. , Bertrand T. , del Rio‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Sebastián E. , Lemmon M. , Pla‐García J. , Rodríguez‐Manfredi J. A.
Published: July 2024

Measurements of ground and near surface atmospheric temperatures at Jezero obtained during 700 sols by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) characterize the thermal behavior of the near surface Martian atmosphere during a full Martian Year. The seasonal evolution of MEDA measurements is compared with predictions from the Mars Climate Database and the solar irradiance at the surface. Thermal tides observed in the daily cycle of temperatures follow a seasonal cycle with additional variations greater than 2 K on time‐scales of tens of sols. We also observe sol‐to‐sol variations of about 1 K in mean daily air temperatures in autumn and winter with periodicities of 4–7 sols that might be related to baroclinic disturbances that are frequent in those seasons at high latitudes. We examine the evolution of the vertical thermal gradient and temperature fluctuations without finding a seasonal response to irradiance and dust load. We find that the convective boundary layer becomes isothermal and collapses 1 hr before sunset except during northern hemisphere winter, when the collapse occurs closer to sunset, implying a longer duration of the daytime convective instability. Around this period, the rover was located in the delta front in a location of complex topography where we observed stronger thermal gradients and intense daytime air temperature fluctuations. We also find in this place a nighttime event of gravity waves on near‐surface air temperatures, with amplitudes of 2 K and periods of 10 min. These waves possibly propagate downward through a near isothermal stable layer.
A single-cell pan-cancer analysis to show the variability of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Li Weiyuan , Pan Lu , Hong Weifeng , Ginhoux Florent , Zhang Xuan , Xiao Chunjie , Li Xuexin
Published: July 2024

Myeloid cells are vital components of the immune system and have pivotal functions in orchestrating immune responses. Understanding their functions within the tumor microenvironment and their interactions with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes presents formidable challenges across diverse cancer types, particularly with regards to cancer immunotherapies. Here, we explore tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) by conducting a pan-cancer analysis using single-cell transcriptomics across eight distinct cancer types, encompassing a total of 192 tumor samples from 129 patients. By examining gene expression patterns and transcriptional activities of TIMs in different cancer types, we discern notable alterations in abundance of TIMs and kinetic behaviors prior to and following immunotherapy. We also identify specific cell-cell interaction targets in immunotherapy; unique and shared regulatory profiles critical for treatment response; and TIMs associated with survival outcomes. Overall, our study illuminates the heterogeneity of TIMs and improves our understanding of tissue-specific and cancer-specific myeloid subsets within the context of tumor immunotherapies.
UNet-like network fused swin transformer and CNN for semantic image synthesis
Authors: Ke Aihua , Luo Jian , Cai Bo
Published: July 2024

Semantic image synthesis approaches has been dominated by the modelling of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Due to the limitations of local perception, their performance improvement seems to have plateaued in recent years. To tackle this issue, we propose the SC-UNet model, which is a UNet-like network fused Swin Transformer and CNN for semantic image synthesis. Photorealistic image synthesis conditional on the given semantic layout depends on the high-level semantics and the low-level positions. To improve the synthesis performance, we design a novel conditional residual fusion module for the model decoder to efficiently fuse the hierarchical feature maps extracted at different scales. Moreover, this module combines the opposition-based learning mechanism and the weight assignment mechanism for enhancing and attending the semantic information. Compared to pure CNN-based models, our SC-UNet combines the local and global perceptions to better extract high- and low-level features and better fuse multi-scale features. We have conducted an extensive amount of comparison experiments, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, to validate the effectiveness of our proposed SC-UNet model for semantic image synthesis. The outcomes illustrate that SC-UNet distinctively outperforms the state-of-the-art model on three benchmark datasets (Citysacpes, ADE20K, and COCO-Stuff) including numerous real-scene images.
An untargeted cultivation approach revealed Pseudogemmatithrix spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and sheds light on the gemmatimonadotal mode of cell division: binary fission
Authors: Haufschild Tom , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Hammer Jonathan , Kohn Timo , Kabuu Moses , Jogler Mareike , Wohlfarth Nicole , Rohde Manfred , van Teeseling Muriel C. F. , Jogler Christian
Published: July 2024

Members of the phylum Gemmatimonadota can account for up to 10% of the phylogenetic diversity in bacterial communities. However, a detailed investigation of their cell biology and ecological roles is restricted by currently only six characterized species. By combining low-nutrient media, empirically determined inoculation volumes and long incubation times in a 96-well plate cultivation platform, we isolated two strains from a limnic sponge that belong to this under-studied phylum. The characterization suggests that the two closely related strains constitute a novel species of a novel genus, for which we introduce the name Pseudogemmatithrix spongiicola. The here demonstrated isolation of novel members from an under-studied bacterial phylum substantiates that the cultivation platform can provide access to axenic bacterial cultures from various environmental samples. Similar to previously described members of the phylum, the novel isolates form spherical appendages at the cell poles that were believed to be daughter cells resulting from asymmetric cell division by budding. However, time-lapse microscopy experiments and quantitative image analysis showed that the spherical appendages never grew or divided. Although the role of these spherical cells remains enigmatic, our data suggests that cells of the phylum Gemmatimonadota divide via FtsZ-based binary fission with different division plane localization patterns than in other bacterial phyla.
A new Activity Monitor for Aquatic Zooplankter (AMAZE) allows the recording of swimming activity in wild-caught Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)
Authors: Hüppe Lukas , Bahlburg Dominik , Busack Michael , Lemburg Johannes , Payton Laura , Reinhard Nils , Rieger Dirk , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte , Meyer Bettina
Published: July 2024

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba, hereafter krill) is a pelagic living crustacean and a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Krill builds up a huge biomass and its synchronized behavioral patterns, such as diel vertical migration (DVM), substantially impact ecosystem structure and carbon sequestration. However, the mechanistic basis of krill DVM is unknown and previous studies of krill behavior in the laboratory were challenged by complex behavior and large variability. Using a new experimental set-up, we recorded the swimming activity of individual wild-caught krill under light–dark cycles. Krill individuals exhibited differential phototactic responses to the light regime provided. However, using a new activity metric, we showed for the first time a consistent nocturnal increase in krill swimming activity in a controlled environment. Krill swimming activity in the new set-up was strongly synchronized with the light–dark cycle, similar to the diel vertical migration pattern of krill in the field when the krill were sampled for the experiment, demonstrated by hydroacoustic recordings. The new set-up presents a promising tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying krill behavioral patterns, which will increase our understanding of ecological interactions, the spatial distribution of populations, and their effects on biogeochemical cycles in the future.
Antibacterial and rapidly absorbable hemostatic sponge by aldehyde modification of natural polysaccharide
Authors: Zhang Jinrun , Chen Zenghui , Zeng Dejie , Xia Yuman , Fan Yizhuo , Zhang Xinyu , Li Nan , Liu Xiaofen , Sun Xiaqing , Zhao Shibing , Zhang Jianfa , Liu Junhao , Sun Qi
Published: July 2024

Massive hemorrhage following tissue trauma has high mortality owing to the lack of timely intervention. However, research on utilizing hemostats for humans is limited; therefore, developing an efficient emergency hemostatic agent is imperative. We developed a hemostatic sponge using natural polysaccharide riclin, theoretically modified with 50% aldehyde content (AR50). The AR50 sponge, with quasi-honeycomb channels and appropriate aldehyde content, exhibits ultra-high blood absorption (59.4 g·g−1) and rapidly targets erythrocytes and platelets to form a stable barrier. It surpasses most commercial hemostats in porcine artery scission (reducing hemostasis time and blood loss by 53 s and 4.2 g), hepatic bleeding laceration (68 s and 2.6 g), and perforation models (140 s and 4.9 g). The AR50 sponge is easily removed post hemostasis, exhibits antibacterial properties by destroying bacterial cell walls, and is safely absorbed by day 5, making it an ideal emergency hemostatic agent for massive hemorrhages in humans.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles
Authors: Sonawane Kalyani , Said Rushikesh , Hatvate Navnath
Published: July 2024

1,3,4-Thiadiazoles are ubiquitous heterocyclic compounds found to have a wide range of applications in the fields of materials science, agriculture, and medicinal chemistry. They have garnered significant interest among researchers due to their vast therapeutic potential. Consequently, they have emerged as captivating chemical building blocks for developing innovative bioactive chemicals. The chemical modifications of the thiadiazole ring lead to an improvement in its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles. The present scaffold has already proven effective in various clinical settings. In this chapter, we delve deeper into conventional and green synthetic methods for the preparation of substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis has been conducted to examine the numerous biological activities associated with this particular scaffold.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Thiopyrans
Authors: Sarkar Parnashabari , Sutradhar Sourav , Das Dipankar , Kurmi Prakash , Ghosh Biswa Nath
Published: July 2024

Within the realm of heterocyclic compounds, thiopyrans stand out as a subclass with a distinctive six-membered ring encompassing a single sulfur atom. They are analogous to pyrans, in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. There are two isomeric variations—2H-thiopyran and 4H-thiopyran—based on the arrangement of double bonds. In the fields of organic chemistry and drug discovery, this class of compounds plays a crucial role due to their broad spectrum of physiological functions. They are integral components of a variety of natural products and pharmaceutical agents. The invaluable role of thiopyrans in drug discovery is attributed to their diverse array of physiological functions. A significant research interest has been prevalent in thiopyran derivatives, which have been explored for their potential therapeutic applications. The pharmacological spectrum of thiopyran analogs encompasses antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Thiopyran derivatives, with their inherent variety of activities, have garnered attention among researchers as a promising field of research for the discovery of novel molecules. Current research endeavors persist in delving into the potential applications and properties of thiopyran compounds and their derivatives. In this chapter, the syntheses and pharmacological applications of thiopyran derivatives will be discussed.
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Thiophene
Authors: Das Dipankar , Das Arpita , Sutradhar Sourav , Sarkar Parnashabari , Ghosh Biswa Nath
Published: July 2024

Thiophene, a five-membered heterocyclic moiety containing one sulfur atom, possesses aromaticity. Among the sulfur-containing heterocyclic receptor systems, the synthesis of thiophene and its derivatives has drawn significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry for exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Substituted thiophene derivatives and thiophene fused heterocyclic moieties display numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antithrombotic, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. As thiophene improves the effectiveness of drugs, numerous commercially available drugs, such as suprofen, citizolam, dorzolamide, tipepidine, and sertaconazole, incorporate the thiophene moiety as their integral component. Considering the immense potential and effectiveness of thiophene derivatives in medicinal chemistry, synthesis and modification of various thiophene-containing derivatives and exploring such derivatives toward studying their broad range of biological activities have attained extreme importance in daily life, as they can be utilized as potential drugs to treat various life-threatening diseases. This chapter will briefly provide the synthetic methodologies of various thiophene-containing derivatives and their potential applications in various biological activities.
Enhancing Electric Vehicle Battery Capacity through Anode Material Modification
Authors: Wei Yuanjie
Published: July 2024

With global attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, the demand for electric vehicles is rapidly increasing. The high energy density, long lifespan, and fast charging ability of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) make them an ideal choice for electric vehicles. They provide a longer range for electric vehicles and meet the needs of consumers for efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transportation. The electrode material has a crucial impact on the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. A battery’s capacity is the maximum quantity of electricity it can discharge under specific discharge circumstances, and electrode material is one of the key factors determining this performance. This article summarizes several methods for modifying LIBs electrode materials, including nanostructures, surface modification, and alloying, to reveal the pathways that can be applied to enhance lithium-ion battery performance. In addition, this article also explores the current challenges faced by LIBs technology and proposes potential avenues for future research, providing useful information to anyone who wants to support the advancement of lithium-ion battery technologies.
Research progress on silicon-based materials used as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Du Liyun
Published: July 2024

People’s need for energy is growing as science and technology advance, and finding effective ways to store and use energy has become crucial in today’s world. Due to its effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and renewable nature, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are now a hot topic in study. However, traditional lithium-ion battery anode is usually graphite material, energy density limitations, its theoretical specific capacity is relatively low, difficult to meet the growing demand for high energy density. Moreover, graphite anode also has the disadvantages of limited multiplication performance, low first charge/discharge efficiency, and high charge/discharge platform voltage. Silicon-based materials have great potential for application in LIBs anode due to their high energy density, low de-embedded lithium potential, abundant resources, low cost, and good electrochemical properties. As a result, the materials based on silicon in LIBs are the main topic of this research. First, this paper, summarizes the advantages and challenges of the current silicon-based materials. Then, several forms of current silicon-based anode materials exist, including: silicon-carbon composites and alloying of silicon, are explored. Finally, improvement strategies for silicon-based materials are highlighted.
Preparation Methods and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube Fibers
Authors: Liu Zhenjia
Published: July 2024

In recent years, carbon nanotubes have received widespread attention due to their unique structure and properties, making them applicable in various fields. This article discusses the excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. It then briefly introduces the preparation methods of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, and finally summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation process. Research results indicate that the performance of carbon nanofibers is superior to that of carbon nanotubes. Due to their lightweight, flexibility, high conductivity and high surface area, carbon nanofibers play a significant role in the medical, chemical, and chip fields. However, the preparation process of carbon nanofibers is influenced by external environmental factors, resulting in poor performance and hindering research progress. This article aims to find a suitable preparation method to address the issue of poor performance of nanotubes and hopes to extensively apply carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in future developments.
Application and Purification of Carbon Nanotubes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zilin
Published: July 2024

With the global energy consumption steadily rising, seeking alternative energy sources has emerged as a shared objective among nations worldwide. The emergence and advancement of carbon nanotubes have introduced fresh perspectives to the domain of pollution-free and renewable solar cells, garnering significant attention in recent times. Currently, the application of carbon nanotubes in solar cells is not yet mature. This paper introduces the special one-dimensional structure and excellent conductivity of carbon nanotubes, which make them an ideal material for constructing photovoltaic cells. The paper explores how carbon nanotubes are utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells and analyzes three methods of carbon nanotube purification: hydrochloric acid purification, nitric acid purification, and ultrasonic filtration. Research shows that carbon nanotubes have great development prospects in the field of dye-sensitized cells. Introducing dye-sensitized solar cells can effectively improve conversion efficiency. However, the instability and difficulty in sealing of liquid electrolytes limit their application. Solid electrolytes that can avoid these shortcomings are still generally lacking in efficiency. This paper looks forward to future researchers developing more efficient and mature applications of carbon nanotubes in the direction of solid electrolytes, so that carbon nanotubes can achieve higher conversion rates and realize large-scale applications after introducing dye-sensitized solar cells, benefiting human society.
Performance optimization and application exploration of metal-organic framework (MOF) in carbon dioxide adsorption and storage
Authors: Hong Xinyu
Published: July 2024

In this review, the adsorption of carbon dioxide by metal-organic frameworks will be introduced. The properties of multiple MOFs will be analyzed in detail from multiple dimensions, BET surface area, guest molecule selectivity, and special properties of some particular MOFs. At the same time, the means of improving the adsorption capacity of MOF for carbon dioxide will also be introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of this means will be illustrated with examples. Finally, the method of testing the properties of MOF materials will also be introduced, and the different properties of different MOF materials tested by this method will be illustrated. Several of the most advanced MOF materials will also be introduced, which are recent development results, with the most superior performance and great development prospects. Summary and outlook will also appear in the review, summarizing the current advantages and prospects of development, and will also look forward to future research directions and propose research development issues.
Advancing Electric Flight through Innovative Materials in Aerospace Propulsion Systems
Authors: Pang Bofan
Published: July 2024

The advent of electric aircraft heralds a transformative era in aviation, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional aircraft that significantly contribute to carbon emissions. This paper discusses the application of advanced materials in overcoming the technical hurdles associated with electric propulsion systems, focusing on their application in airframe construction, electrical conductors, thermal management, and battery technology to enhance the performance and sustainability of electric aircraft. Advanced composites like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) are explored for their potential to reduce aircraft weight and improve mechanical properties. The paper also addresses the challenges of thermal management in electric propulsion systems, highlighting the use of phase change materials (PCMs) and advanced ceramics for efficient heat dissipation. Furthermore, the exploration of high-energy-density cathode materials, innovative anode materials, and solid-state electrolytes is discussed in the context of developing lightweight, high-capacity batteries for electric aircraft. Despite the promising advancements in material science and the potential benefits of electric aviation, the paper acknowledges the existing challenges, including the high cost of advanced materials, the need for improved energy storage solutions, and the environmental impact of material production.
Environmental Impacts of the Bingham Canyon Mine
Authors: Wang Hanjie , Wang Yifei , Xiong Qidi
Published: July 2024

Mining and extraction have spurred economic growth in recent years but have also led to ecological damage. This research explores the environmental impacts of the Bingham Mine, in Utah, USA, by processing remote sensing satellite data to portray changes in the surrounding environment. The method utilizes the NDVI to visualize changes in vegetation cover. This research found that the Bingham Mine’s mining activities have significantly impacted the surrounding environment, necessitating a collective effort for restoration. Pollution mitigation and active restoration efforts are proposed solutions. Revegetation may involve assessing suitable plant species, soil remediation, and establishing native or non-invasive vegetation to support future ecological communities. The local Utah government should prioritize monitoring the mine’s operations to ensure compliance with environmental regulations, including proper waste disposal, wastewater treatment, and pollution reduction. This paper seeks to highlight the lesser-known impacts of mining activities, and then suggest possible solutions to achieve more sustainable means of extraction.
Research on the experience of building new districts in ecotourism cities – For Guanshanhu District, Guiyang City
Authors: Tang Yixin
Published: July 2024

In recent years, many cities have upgraded their local infrastructure through the development of tourism. Tourism development aims to create urban tourism neighborhoods with newly renovated infrastructure, allowing tourists to understand the local history and culture while promoting local economic development. This paper focuses on the Guanshanhu District of Guiyang City as the research subject. By analyzing the district’s natural resources, cultural heritage, and tourism facilities, it discusses the strategies and measures for constructing new ecotourism districts. integrating ecotourism elements into the construction of new districts, and promoting the harmonious development of the economy, society, and the environment, which is aimed at providing a reference for the development of new ecotourism districts. It can adopt the methods of investigation and research, data review, experience analysis, summarization, and learning so that it can learn from the experience in the planning of new urban areas in the future, and achieve the goal of promoting the construction of new urban areas by tourism development and creating an “eco-tourism” environment to foster the city.
Exploring historical cultural neighborhood conservation and revitalization based on the theory of urban resilience: A case study of Congshanfang in Zhongshan City
Authors: Zheng Yingqi
Published: July 2024

In the evolving landscape of urban development, the conservation and renewal of historical cultural districts play a crucial role in enhancing urban resilience. This paper focuses on the Congshanfang renewal project in Zhongshan City, analyzing the integration of urban resilience theory into historical district conservation to achieve sustainable urban development. By examining the comprehensive approach of the Congshanfang project, which includes architectural conservation, economic revitalization, and social structure enhancement, this study highlights the multifaceted aspects of urban resilience: infrastructural, institutional, economic, and social. The research underscores the importance of protecting not just the physical structures but also revitalizing the social and economic fabrics of historical districts. The study employs a qualitative assessment over a historical timeline to evaluate the impact of conservation efforts on urban resilience. Findings suggest that such integrated approaches not only preserve the cultural heritage but also contribute to the district’s adaptability and sustainability. Furthermore, this paper calls for continued exploration and innovation in enhancing urban resilience, particularly through community participation in placemaking and protection techniques for historic buildings. The Congshanfang project serves as a model for other historical cultural districts, offering insights into the dynamic balance between conservation, adaptation, and revitalization within the framework of urban resilience.
Carbon dioxide resource recycling technology: Analysis and prospects of Mo-based catalyst performance in low-carbon alcohol synthesis
Authors: Yang Zheng
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the escalating issue of atmospheric CO2 emissions and climate change, exacerbated by the increased use of fossil fuels. It explores the synthesis of low-carbon alcohols as a viable method to utilize excess atmospheric CO2, meeting the growing demand for sustainable fuel alternatives. The research focuses on the challenges of activating CO2, often requiring conversion to CO via a reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) prior to alcohol synthesis. Through detailed case studies, this review investigates the factors influencing the catalytic efficiency of molybdenum-based (Mo-based) catalysts in alcohol synthesis from CO. Key aspects such as the addition of additives, support types, preparation methods, and the catalyst’s composition are analyzed for their impact on catalyst selectivity and activity. This comprehensive review not only highlights the critical conditions for optimizing catalytic reactions but also contributes to the development of effective strategies for reducing greenhouse gases through innovative catalytic technologies.
A Comparative Analysis of Different Fat Loss Methods: Carb Cycling, Intermittent Fasting, and Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Lou Zekai
Published: July 2024

The evolving landscape of weight loss research emphasizes tailored approaches for success. This paper aims to provide comprehensive insights into these methods’ mechanisms, advantages, and limitations, equipping individuals with knowledge for informed weight management decisions. This paper explores three distinct weight loss strategies: carbohydrate cycling, the ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting. Each method offers unique approaches to address the global concern of obesity. Carbohydrate cycling involves alternating between low and high carbohydrate intake days. The ketogenic diet shifts the body’s energy source to fats, potentially enabling rapid weight reduction but raising long-term safety concerns. Intermittent fasting alternates fasting and eating windows, with various patterns. The effects, limitations, and target populations of each strategy are analyzed, considering exercise habits, dietary preferences, and medical conditions. Personalized strategies are essential due to individual diversity. While these methods have clear benefits, no one-size-fits-all solution exists. As these strategies continue to evolve, their potential impacts extend beyond weight loss to broader aspects of health and well-being.
Association of circadian rhythm disruption with metabolic diseases represented by obesity
Authors: Wang Han
Published: July 2024

The majority of creatures on Earth possess an intrinsic biological clock which situates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. It produces a circadian rhythm that coincides with the Earth’s 24-hour cycle through a feedback loop that involves both transcription and translation, which means in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis of various peripheral organs, such as liver, it plays an vital part. As a result, it has an intricate association in maintaining metabolic health. Outer environmental factors like lifestyle changes may cause Circadian rhythm disorders, and causing higher risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. Moreover, the intricate relationship between circadian rhythms and lipid metabolism is intricately linked to the progression of obesity. The disruption of these processes can significantly heighten the susceptibility to obesity through several mechanisms, therefore intensifying circadian abnormalities and establishing a detrimental cycle. This review will study the correlation between circadian rhythm and obesity, exploring many aspects such as process, influence and various factors.
Lasso regression and random forest analysis on variables contributing to myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Xiucheng Eric
Published: July 2024

Heart attack is a dangerous medical emergency that affects millions of people worldwide, and many factors may lead to its onset, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol. Since the cause of heart attack is very multivariate, it is imperative to understand which factors contribute more than others to achieve better clinical outcomes for heart attack patients. This paper collects data from a dataset that contains 1319 samples of eight variables that have been associated with causing increased likelihood of heart attack and aims to investigate which of the eight variables contribute to heart attack more than others. Lasso regression is applied to eliminate least relevant predicting variables in the dataset, and Random Forest model is applied to the remaining predictors to rank their relative importance to the output. It is found that the predictors troponin and KCM are the strongest contributing risk factors to the output heart attack. The finding may prove to be helpful for physicians’ heart attack diagnosis process in the future.
A review Investigating the effectiveness of music in improving the quality of sleep
Authors: Shen Yuqi
Published: July 2024

Music therapy is a technique that uses music to improve an individual’s physical and mental health. It is a prevalent intervention in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and schools. However, the mechanisms that facilitate music therapy are not entirely established, and its effectiveness has not been unequivocally assessed. The aim of this article is to comprehensively explore the advantages of music therapy in enhancing sleep quality among individuals. Drawing upon findings from multiple studies and reviews, this analysis illustrates the potential for music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing sleep quality. The piece addresses the negative repercussions of sleep deprivation on an individual’s daily functioning, both immediate and long-lasting, and evaluates the efficacy of drugs such as benzodiazepines and melatonin in resolving insomnia. Medications may result in various side effects, ranging from headaches to nervousness, that may not be appropriate for all individuals. This is why alternative therapies like music therapy were developed. Present research has indicated that music can activate distinct regions of the brain, and music therapy has negligible side effects. Additionally, music can assist in falling asleep more quickly and staying asleep for a longer period of time. Henceforth, it can be inferred that music therapy could serve as a non-pharmacological measure to better the quality of sleep.
Universal Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 and Influenza
Authors: Suo Zhaotaize
Published: July 2024

Universal vaccines appeared as a favorable solution for the rapid mutation of viruses that cause pandemics. Sufficient immune protection, safe and efficient production methods, and low-cost funding are ideal properties for universal vaccines. Targeting conserved regions, use of adjuvants, cell-mediated immunity approaches, virus-like particles, and multimeric presentation of viral antigens are strategies to enhance vaccine Immunogenicity. Different types of vaccines have been put into clinical trials, such as messenger RNA vaccines, on-replicating viral vector vaccines, and recombinant protein-based vaccines, which are proven to suit the needs of universal vaccine investigation. Moreover, this article introduces the universal vaccine development of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza variants, their vaccine candidates, research results, and the challenges faced. Universal vaccines are the trend of future viral protection, with more and more new technologies entering the field, a universal vaccine is within reach.
Investigating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations: Transmissibility, clinical severity, diagnostic implications and case study vaccine designs
Authors: He Luoyao
Published: July 2024

SARS-CoV-2 comprises a diverse group of viruses responsible for illnesses ranging from the common cold to more serious respiratory diseases. Among coronaviruses, the four primary subgroups of note are Alphacoronavirus, Beta, Gamma, and Delta coronavirus. This paper examines genetic mutations on the transmissibility of variants in comparison to the original strains, emphasizing the potential consequences for pathogenicity and transmissibility. It underscores the significance of identifying genomic variants and their correlation with viral infectivity and COVID-19 severity to facilitate pandemic control and evolution investigation. Furthermore, the review paper explores the intricate relationship between specific mutations and the severity of COVID-19 symptoms, drawing on global data from clinical studies and surveillance to aid healthcare professionals in resource allocation and tailored treatment strategies. The review encompasses analyses of symptom severity, variations in clinical outcomes among different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and innovative approaches such as reverse vaccinology and adapted vaccines targeting Omicron subvariants. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of the evolving pandemic and offer potential solutions for its mitigation and control.
Fiche technique: Réalisation des anesthésies périnerveuses du membre distal
Authors: Gudefin Gautier
Published: July 2024

Les anesthésies périnerveuses du membre distal sont couramment utilisées en médecine équine orthopédique, qu’elles soient à visée diagnostique ou chirurgicale. Pour qu’elles soient efficaces et sans danger, il est essentiel de bien respecter certaines règles d’asepsie et de sécurité, et de connaître les repères anatomiques auxquels se référer. Avant de conclure sur l’efficacité d’une de ces anesthésies, il est nécessaire de respecter le délai d’action de l’anesthésique, puis de tester la sensibilité de la zone ciblée (à comparer avec le membre controlatéral au besoin).
The discursive framing of European integration in EU-wide media: actors, narratives and policies following the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Capati Andrea
Published: July 2024

This article examines how major EU-wide media discursively framed European integration in terms of prevalent actors, narratives and policy areas in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Based on the combination of theoretical insights from discursive institutionalism and the grand theories of European integration, the article performs a qualitative analysis of textual content in six of the most influential EU-wide media sources as of 2023, taking the form of a competitive theory testing. Challenging the established literature on EU-related national media coverage, it finds that, consistently with discursive neo-functionalism, the Russian military aggression of Ukraine has led to the discursive empowerment of EU supranational actors, most notably the European Commission, and to an increased salience of more European integration and transnational solidarity narratives. This has happened despite the fact that the conflict was mainly framed as falling within the realm of intergovernmental policy areas, such as energy policy, security and defence.
Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in the human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making
Authors: Hoy Colin W. , de Hemptinne Coralie , Wang Sarah S. , Harmer Catherine J. , Apps Matthew A. J. , Husain Masud , Starr Philip A. , Little Simon
Published: July 2024

Choosing whether to exert effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and effort in humans is poorly understood. Here, we report an exploratory investigation into this with chronic intracranial recordings from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG; subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus) in people with Parkinson’s disease performing a decision-making task with offers that varied in levels of reward and physical effort required. This revealed dissociable neural signatures of reward and effort, with BG beta (12 to 20 Hz) oscillations tracking effort on a single-trial basis and PFC theta (4 to 7 Hz) signaling previous trial reward, with no effects of net subjective value. Stimulation of PFC increased overall acceptance of offers and sensitivity to reward while decreasing the impact of effort on choices. This work uncovers oscillatory mechanisms that guide fundamental decisions to exert effort for reward across BG and PFC, supports a causal role of PFC for such choices, and seeds hypotheses for future studies.
Induction of the Mdm2 gene and protein by kinase signaling pathways is repressed by the pVHL tumor suppressor
Authors: Mabry Alexander R. , Singh Arnima , Mulrooney Brianna , Gorman James , Thielbar Abigail R. , Wolf Eric R. , Mayo Lindsey D.
Published: July 2024

The tumor suppressor von Hippel–Lindau, pVHL, is a multifaceted protein. One function is to dock to the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) and recruit a larger protein complex that destabilizes HIF via ubiquitination, preventing angiogenesis and tumor development. pVHL also binds to the tumor suppressor p53 to activate specific p53 target genes. The oncogene Mdm2 impairs the formation of the p53–pVHL complex and activation of downstream genes by conjugating nedd8 to pVHL. While Mdm2 can impact p53 and pVHL, how pVHL may impact Mdm2 is unclear. Like p53 somatic mutations, point mutations are evident in pVHL that are common in renal clear cell carcinomas (RCC). In patients with RCC, Mdm2 levels are elevated, and we examined whether there was a relationship between Mdm2 and pVHL. TCGA and DepMap analysis revealed that
mdm2
gene expression was elevated in RCC with
vhl
point mutations or copy number loss. In pVHL reconstituted or deleted isogenetically match RCC or MEF cell lines, Mdm2 was decreased in the presence of pVHL. Furthermore, through analysis using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that pVHL represses Mdm2 gene expression by blocking the MAPK–Ets signaling pathway and blocks Akt-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of Mdm2. Mdm2 inhibition results in an increase in the p53–p21 pathway to impede cell growth. This finding shows how pVHL can indirectly impact the function of Mdm2 by regulating signaling pathways to restrict cell growth.