bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental de la fuente de la corriente del agua fría en el perímetro urbano de la ciudad de Codo, Maranhao, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Dos Santos , Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Xavier Rosinete Dos Santos , Cantanhede Erika De Kássia Pereira , Santos Francisca Inalda Oliveira , Pereira Álvaro Itauna Schalcher
Published: July 2017

La falta de planificación, crecimiento acelerado e incontrolado de las ciudades brasileñas, ha desencadenado una serie de impactos en los ecosistemas acuáticos, incluyendo la degradación de los muelles. Este estudio evaluó la forma macroscópica del estado naciente de la conservación de la cala del agua fría en el área urbana de la ciudad de Codo, en el estado brasileño Maranhao, através de la aplicación del Índice de Impacto Ambiental de Cabeceras (IIAN) durante la visita realizada en el campo. El muelle se encuentra en el barrio de Nueva Jerusalén, con un bajo grado de protección, con un impacto principal macroscópico en la vegetación degradada, de fácil acceso y el enfoque de las instalaciones urbanas.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONCEPT ATTAINMENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA
Authors: Putri Dini Palupi
Published: July 2017

This study originated from the lack of student mastery of the math concepts and math materials often mistakenly understood by students. The purpose of this study was to determine how far an increase understanding of Mathematics Concepts fifth grade students of SD Negeri 05 South Curup after applied learning model Concept Attainment. This type of research is a classroom action research that consisted of 3 cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages namely planning, action, observation and reflection.

The technique of collecting data through observation and evaluation tests. Data analysis techniques through test data pengelolahan classical completeness learning outcomes, pengelolahan learning outcomes data, and test data processing observation. The results of observations of the activities of teachers and students has increased from cycle to cycle, namely from the category enough in the first cycle, the category enough in the second cycle, and both categories at the third cycle. The results of the study test understanding of the concept in the first cycle, the second cycle and the third cycle in a row shows the classical learning completeness students 61.11%, 70.08% and 83.04%. Improved results of tests and observation sheet understanding of the concept of the first cycle to the third cycle, it can be concluded that the application of the Conce pt Attainment can improve the understanding of mathematical concepts fifth grade students in mathematics.
Retrieving Vertical Air Velocity in Convective Cloud over the Tibetan Plateau from TIPEX-III Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra
Authors: Zheng Jiafeng , Liu Liping , Zhu Keyun , Wu Jingya , Wang Binyun
Published: July 2017

In the summertime, convections occur frequently over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) because of the large dynamic and thermal effects of the landmass. Measurements of vertical air velocity in convective cloud are useful for advancing our understanding of the dynamic and microphysical mechanisms of clouds and can be used to improve the parameterization of current numerical models. This paper presents a technique for retrieving high-resolution vertical air velocity from convective cloud over the TP, by using Doppler spectra from a vertically pointing Ka-band cloud radar. The method is based on the development of a “small-particle-traced” idea and the necessary data processing and uses three modes of radar. Spectral broadening corrections, uncertainty estimations, and result merging are used to ensure accurate results. Qualitative analysis of two typical convective cases shows that the retrievals are reliable and agree with the expectant results inferred from other radar measurements. A quantitative retrieval of vertical air motion from a ground-based optical disdrometer is used to preliminarily validate our radar-derived results. The comparison illustrates that while the data trends from the two methods of retrieval are similar, with the updrafts and downdrafts coinciding, cloud radar has a much higher resolution and can reveal the small-scale variation of vertical air motion.
Occurrence of Panagrellus (Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae) Nematodes in a Morphologically Aberrant Adult Specimen of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)
Authors: Camerota Manuela , Mazza Giuseppe , Carta Lynn K. , Paoli Francesco , Torrini Giulia , Benvenuti Claudia , Carletti Beatrice , Francardi Valeria , Roversi Pio Federico
Published: July 2017

An aberrant specimen of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) also known as red palm weevil (RPW), the most economically important insect pest of palms in the world, was found among a batch of conspecifics reared for research purposes. A morphological analysis of this weevil revealed the presence of nematodes associated with a structured cuticle defect of the thorax. These nematodes were not able to be cultured, but were characterized by molecular analysis using 28S and 18S ribosomal DNA and shown to belong to the family Panagrolaimidae (Rhabditida), within a clade of Panagrellus. While most nematodes in the insect were juveniles, a single male adult was partially characterized by light microscopy. Morphometrics showed similarities to a species described from Germany. Excluding the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), only five other genera of entomophilic or saprophytic rhabditid nematodes are associated with this weevil. This is the first report of panagrolaimid nematodes associated with this invasive pest. Possible mechanisms of nematode-insect association are discussed.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two Aphelenchoides Endophytic in Poplar Leaves
Authors: Carta Lynn K. , Li Shiguang , Skantar Andrea M. , Newcombe George
Published: July 2017

During a long-term, large network study of the ecology of plant endophytes in native habitats, various nematodes have been found. Two poplar species, Populus angustifolia (narrowleaf cottonwood) and Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood), are important ecological and genomic models now used in ongoing plant–pathogen–endophyte interaction studies. In this study, two different aphelenchid nematodes within surface-sterilized healthy leaves of these two Populus spp. in northwestern North America were discovered. Nematodes were identified and characterized microscopically and molecularly with 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 18S rRNA molecular markers. From P. angustifolia, Aphelenchoides saprophilus was inferred to be closest to another population of A. saprophilus among sequenced taxa in the 18S tree. From P. trichocarpa, Laimaphelenchus heidelbergi had a 28S sequence only 1 bp different from that of a Portuguese population, and 1 bp different from the original Australian type population. The 28S and 18S rRNA trees of Aphelenchoides and Laimaphelenchus species indicated L. heidelbergi failed to cluster with three other Laimaphelenchus species, including the type species of the genus. Therefore, we support a conservative definition of the genus Laimaphelenchus, and consider these populations to belong to Aphelenchoides, amended as Aphelenchoides heidelbergi n. comb. This is the first report of these nematode species from within aboveground leaves. The presence of these fungal-feeding nematodes can affect the balance of endophytic fungi, which are important determinants of plant health.
Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Aphelenchoides fuchsi sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) Isolated from Pinus eldarica in Western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Ziaie Mozhgan , Gu Jianfeng
Published: July 2017

Aphelenchoides fuchsi sp. n. is described and illustrated from bark and wood samples of a weakened Mondell pine in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species has body length of 332 to 400 μm (females) and 365 to 395 μm (males). Lip region set off from body contour. The cuticle is weakly annulated, and there are four lines in the lateral field. The stylet is 8 to 10 μm long and has small basal swellings. The excretory pore is located ca one body diam. posterior to metacorpus valve or 51 to 62 μm from the head. The postuterine sac well developed (60–90 μm). Spicules are relatively short (15–16 μm in dorsal limb) with apex and rostrum rounded, well developed, and the end of the dorsal limb clearly curved ventrad like a hook. The male tail has usual three pairs of caudal papillae (2+2+2) and a well-developed mucro. The female tail is conical, terminating in a complicated step-like projection, usually with many tiny nodular protuberances. The new species belongs to the Group 2 sensu Shahina, category of Aphelenchoides species. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit (SSU) and partial large subunit (LSU) sequences of rRNA supported the morphological results.
Reproduction and Damage Potential of Five Geographical Ditylenchus africanus Populations on Peanut
Authors: Steenkamp Sonia , De Waele Dirk , McDonald Alexander
Published: July 2017

Ditylenchus africanus affects peanut quality, which leads to downgrading of consignments and economic losses for producers. This nematode is difficult to control and host-plant resistance may be the most effective way to control it. Recently, the peanut breeding line PC254K1 has been identified as resistant to a D. africanus population from Vaalharts and will be included into the peanut breeding program. The objectives of our study were to compare the reproduction potential of D. africanus geographic populations from five different areas in the peanut production area of South Africa and to assess whether PC254K1 is resistant to all five D. africanus populations. Reproduction of the D. africanus populations was evaluated on peanut callus in growth cabinets at 21°C, 28°C, and 35°C. The peanut cv. Sellie was included in the study as the D. africanus-susceptible reference genotype in the greenhouse and microplots. Reproduction potential of all five of the D. africanus populations was similar. Resistance of PC254K1 was confirmed to all five D. africanus populations. The resistance trait of a D. africanus-resistant cultivar developed from PC254K1 should, therefore, be sustainable over the five localities tested during this study.
Paurodontella parapitica n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Kermanshah Province, Western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Ye Weimin
Published: July 2017

Paurodontella parapitica n. sp., collected from the rhizosphere of an apple tree in Kermanshah province, western Iran, is described. The new species is characterized by a body length of 505 to 723 μm (females) and 480 to 600 μm (males), lip region continuous by depression; 7 to 8 μm broad, 3 to 4 μm high, stylet length 7 to 9 μm or 1 to 1.3 times the lip region diameter, short postuterine sac of 4 to 6 μm long, lateral fields with five to six incisures; outer incisures crenated and inner incisures weakly crenated, excretory pore situated 90 to 100 μm from anterior end; functional males common in the population, with spicules 24 to 26 μm long. Tail of both sexes similar, almost straight and elongate-conoid. The newspecies resembles in morphology and morphometrics to four known species of the genus, namely P. apitica, P. minuta, P. myceliophaga, and P. sohailai. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D2/D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA gene revealed this genus is polyphyletic in four different clades in Tylenchid.
Gossypium arboreum Accessions Resistant to Rotylenchulus reniformis
Authors: Stetina Salliana R. , Erpelding John E.
Published: July 2017

In the southeastern United States, reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is a serious pest of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), a species which has no naturally occurring resistance against this nematode. To identify sources of reniform nematode resistance in species closely related to upland cotton, 222 G. arboreum accessions from the U.S. germplasm collection were evaluated in repeated growth chamber experiments. In initial screenings, root infection was measured 4 wks after inoculation. The 15 accessions supporting the fewest infections (PI 529992, PI 615755, PI 615766, PI 615788, PI 615848, PI 615856, PI 615950, PI 615977, PI 615991, PI 616008, PI 616016, PI 616062, PI 616126, PI 616159, and A2 553) were evaluated again in confirmation tests lasting 8 wk. The combined totals of nematodes extracted from soil and eggs extracted from roots were analyzed. All 15 accessions tested supported significantly smaller reniform nematode populations than the susceptible controls (G. hirsutum cultivar Deltapine 16 and G. arboreum accession PI 529729). Nine accessions (PI 529992, PI 615755, PI 615766, PI 615788, PI 615856, PI 615950, PI 615991, PI 616008, and PI 616159) supported reniform nematode populations comparable to the resistant control (G. arboreum accession PI 615699), and accession PI 615848 had significantly fewer reniform nematodes than the resistant control. Cotton breeders would benefit from introgressing the newly identified resistance from these accessions into their upland cotton improvement programs.
Grafting and Paladin Pic-21 for Nematode and Weed Management in Vegetable Production
Authors: Kokalis-Burelle Nancy , Butler David M. , Hong Jason C. , Bausher Michael G. , McCollum Greg , Rosskopf Erin N.
Published: July 2017

Two years of field trials conducted in a Meloidogyne incognita-infested field evaluated grafting and Paladin Pic-21 (dimethyl disulfide:chloropicrin [DMDS:Pic] 79:21) for root-knot nematode and weed control in tomato and melon. Tomato rootstocks evaluated were; ‘TX301’, ‘Multifort’, and ‘Aloha’. ‘Florida 47’ was the scion and the nongrafted control. A double crop of melon was planted into existing beds following tomato harvest. Melon rootstocks, C. metulifer and ‘Tetsukabuto’, were evaluated with nongrafted ‘Athena’ in year 1. in year 2, watermelon followed tomato with scion variety ‘Tri-X Palomar’ as the control and also grafted onto ‘Emphasis’ and ‘Strongtosa’ rootstocks. Four soil treatments were applied in fall both years under Canslit metalized film; Paladin Pic- 21, methyl bromide:chloropicrin (MeBr:C33, 67:33), Midas (iodomethane:chloropicrin 50:50), and a herbicide-treated control. M. incognitaJ2 in soil were highest in herbicide control plots and nongrafted tomato. All soil treatments produced similar tomato growth, which was greater than the herbicide control. All treatments reduced M. incognita J2 in roots compared to the herbicide control. ‘Multifort’ rootstock produced the largest and healthiest roots; however, the number of M. incognita isolated from roots did not differ among the tomato rootstocks tested. Galling on tomato was highest in herbicide control plots and nongrafted plants. in melon, M. incognita J2 in soil did not differ among melon rootstocks, but numbers isolated from melon rootstocks increased in ‘Tetsukabuto’ compared with C. metuliferus. ‘Tetsukabuto’ were larger root systems than nongrafted ‘Athena’. All fumigants provided protection for all melon rootstocks against galling by M. incognita compared to the herbicide control. Galling on C. metuliferus rootstock was less in all fumigant treatments compared with nongrafted ‘Athena’ and ‘Tetsukabuto’. in watermelon, M. incognita in soil and roots did not differ among soil treatments or watermelon rootstocks, and yield was lower in both grafted rootstocks compared with the nongrafted control. All soil treatments increased average fruit weight of watermelon compared with the herbicide control, and provided effective weed control, keeping the most predominant weed, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), density at or below 1/m row. Grafting commercial scions onto M. incognita-resistant rootstocks has potential for nematode management combined with soil treatments or as a stand-alone component in crop production systems.
Acetic Acid, 2-Undecanone, and (E)-2-Decenal Ultrastructural Malformations on Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Ntalli Nikoletta , Ratajczak Marlena , Oplos Chrisostomos , Menkissoglu-Spiroudi Urania , Adamski Zbigniew
Published: July 2017

The use of natural compounds to control phytonematodes is significantly increasing, as most of the old synthetic pesticides have been banned due to their eco-hostile character. plant secondary metabolites are now evaluated as biologically active molecules against Meloidogyne spp. but their target site in the nematode body is rarely specified. Herein, we report on the ultrastructure modifications of the Meloidogyne incognita J2 after treatment with nematicidal plant secondary metabolites, that is acetic acid, (E )-2-decenal, and 2-undecanone. The commercial nematicide fosthiazate acting on acetylcholinesterase was used as control. For this reason, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been employed. The acetic acid mainly harmed the cuticle, degenerated the nuclei of pseudocoel cells, and vacuolised the cytoplasm. The (E)-2-decenal and 2-undecanone did neither harm to the cuticle nor the somatic muscles but they degenerated the pseudocoel cells. (E)-2-decenal caused malformation of somatic muscles. According to the above, the nematicidal compounds seem to enter the nematode body principally via the digestive system rather than the cuticle, since the main part of the damage is internal.
Characterization of Lilium longiflorum cv. ‘Nellie White’ Infection with Root-lesion Nematode Pratylenchus penetrans by Bright-field and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Vieira Paulo , Mowery Joseph , Kilcrease James , Eisenback Jonathan D. , Kamo Kathryn
Published: July 2017

Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White, commonly known as Easter lily, is an important floral crop with an annual wholesale value of over $26 million in the United States. The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is a major pest of lily due to the significant root damage it causes. In this study, we investigated the cytological aspects of this plant–nematode interaction using bright-field and transmission electron microscopy. We took advantage of an in vitro culture method to multiply lilies and follow the nematode infection over time. Phenotypic reactions of roots inoculated with P. penetrans were evaluated from 0 to 60 d after nematode infection. Symptom development progressed from initial randomly distributed discrete necrotic areas to advanced necrosis along entire roots of each inoculated plant. A major feature characterizing this susceptible host response to nematode infection was the formation of necrosis, browning, and tissue death involving both root epidermis and cortical cells. Degradation of consecutive cell walls resulted in loss of cell pressure, lack of cytoplasmic integrity, followed by cell death along the intracellular path of the nematode’s migration. Pratylenchus penetrans was never seen in the vascular cylinder as the layer of collapsed endodermal cells presumably blocked the progression of nematodes into this area of the roots. This study presents the first detailed cytological characterization of P. penetrans infection of Easter lily plants.
Assessment of Globodera pallida RNA Extracted from Solanum Roots
Authors: Casavant N. Carol , Kuhl Joseph C. , Xiao Fangming , Caplan Allan B. , Dandurand Louise-Marie
Published: July 2017

The introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies has made transcriptome analyses of plant–pathogen interactions almost routine. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to obtain RNA from populations made up of two species. An RNA extraction method that worked well on free-living Caenorhabditis elegans failed when applied to isolated Globodera pallida J2 larva. Furthermore, alternative protocols that extracted RNA from free-living J2 larva produced less satisfactory results once the animals entered their hosts’ roots. We have compared several extraction procedures to ascertain whether a single protocol was capable of recovering high-quality, high-molecular-weight RNA from newly hatched J2 larva as well as from larva embedded in roots of both potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) and a very distantly related species, Solanum sisymbriifolium. Although it was possible to recover large amounts of RNA from J2 larvae using Proteinase K treatments, this protocol failed to yield high-quality nematode RNA from infected roots. By comparison, mechanical disruption procedures yielded lower amounts of RNA from infected roots, but what was recovered was of higher quality. We conclude that different extraction protocols need to be developed to sample mixed populations of organisms.
Occurrence of Belonolaimus in Sinaloa, Northwestern Mexico: A New Report on Distribution and Host Range
Authors: Mundo-Ocampo Manuel , Baldwin J. G. , Pereira T. J. , Camacho-Baez J. R. , Armenta-Bojorquez A. D. , Camacho-Haro M. , Becker J. O.
Published: July 2017

The present study reports the occurrence of the genus Belonolaimus in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, associated with native plants (i.e., Ziziphus amole and Stenocereus alamosensis) in a natural coastal ecosystem. Both morphological and molecular approaches were employed to characterize the Sinaloa population. Notwithstanding of some morphological and morphometric variation between Belonolaimus from Sinaloa and other valid species, the characterization indicates that this population might belong to the Belonolaimus longicaudatus species complex. Molecular analyses based on the 28S gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) identified four major clades within Belonolaimus; however, none of the species including B. longicaudatus, B. gracilis, and B. euthychilus were supported as monophyletic; yet monophyly is argued to be a basic requirement of species status. Sequence divergence among different Belonolaimus populations and species varied according to the rRNA dataset (i.e., ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 . 28S . 18S) used, thus showing the importance of using genes with different rates of evolution to estimate species relationships. The fact that Belonolaimus has not been found in other cultivated (including on suitable hosts) areas in Sinaloa and that this population is relatively distant from the common B. longicaudatus groups (i.e., clades A and B) suggests that its appearance was not due to a recent introduction associated with the local agriculture.
Effects of Cover Crops on Pratylenchus penetrans and the Nematode Community in Carrot Production
Authors: Grabau Zane J. , Maung Zin Thu Zar , Noyes D. Corey , Baas Dean G. , Werling Benjamin P. , Brainard Daniel C. , Melakeberhan Haddish
Published: July 2017

Cover cropping is a common practice in U.S. Midwest carrot production for soil conservation, and may affect soil ecology and plant-parasitic nematodes—to which carrots are very susceptible. This study assessed the impact of cover crops—oats (Avena sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus) cv. Defender, rape (Brassica napus) cv. Dwarf Essex, and a mixture of oats and radish—on plant- parasitic nematodes and soil ecology based on the nematode community in Michigan carrot production systems. Research was conducted at two field sites where cover crops were grown in Fall 2014 preceding Summer 2015 carrot production. At Site 1, rootlesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) and stunt (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) nematodes were present at low population densities (less than 25 nematodes/100 cm3 soil), but were not significantly affected (P . 0.05) by cover crops. At Site 2, P. penetrans population densities were increased (P # 0.05) by ‘Defender’ radish compared to other cover crops or fallow control during cover crop growth and midseason carrot production. At both sites, there were few short-term impacts of cover cropping on soil ecology based on the nematode community. At Site 1, only at carrot harvest, radish-oats mixture and ‘Dwarf Essex’ rape alone enriched the soil food web based on the enrichment index (P # 0.05) while rape and radish increased structure index values. At Site 2, bacterivore abundance was increased by oats or radish cover crops compared to control, but only during carrot production. In general, cover crops did not affect the nematode community until nearly a year after cover crop growth suggesting that changes in the soil community following cover cropping may be gradual.
Introduction to Nematode Genome and Transcriptome Announcements in the Journal of Nematology
Authors: Denver Dee R. , Ragsdale Erik J. , Thomas W. Kelley , Zasada Inga A.
Published: July 2017

The Journal of Nematology now offers publication of Nematode Genome Announcements (NGA) and Nematode Transcriptome Announcements (NTA). These brief reports announce the sequencing and assembly of a nematode genome or transcriptome resource, along with basic technical information on DNA sequencing and bioinformatic methods used. This publishing initiative offers a new avenue to openly and concisely communicate the availability and relevance of genome and transcriptome sequence resources to the broader scientific community.
Diversity of Root-knot Nematodes Associated with Tubers of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Established Using Isozyme Analysis and Mitochondrial DNA-based Identification
Authors: Kolombia Yao A. , Karssen Gerrit , Viaene Nicole , Kumar P. Lava , Sutter Nancy De , Joos Lisa , Coyne Danny L. , Bert Wim B
Published: July 2017

The root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., represent an important threat to yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in West Africa. With the aim to establish the diversity of RKN species affecting yam tubers, for control and resistance screening purposes, surveys were conducted in the main yam producing areas of Nigeria. Galled tubers (N = 48) were collected from farmers’ stores and markets in nine states in Nigeria and in one district in Ghana. RKN isolated from yam tubers were identified using enzyme phenotyping (esterase and malate dehydrogenase) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (Nad5) barcoding.
Examination of 48 populations revealed that yam tubers were infested by Meloidogyne incognita (69%), followed by M. javanica (13%), M. enterolobii (2%), and M. arenaria (2%). Most of the tubers sampled (86%) were infected by a single species, and multiple species of RKN were detected in 14% of the samples. Results of both identification methods revealed the same species, confirming their accuracy for the identification of these tropical RKN species. In addition to M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. enterolobii, we report for the first time M. arenaria infecting yam tubers in Nigeria. This finding extends the list of yam pests and calls for caution when developing practices for yam pest management.
Clinical Approach to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Human Studies
Authors: Tarquini Roberto , Pala Laura , Brancati Simona , Vannini Giulia , De Cosmo Salvatore , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Rotella Carlo Maria
Published: July 2017

Background:

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DC) has been defined as a distinct entity
characterized by the presence of diastolic or systolic cardiac dysfunction in a diabetic
patient in the absence of other causes for Cardiomyopathy, such as coronary artery disease
(CAD), hypertension (HTN), or valvular heart disease. Diabetes affects every organ
in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic
population. Diabetes-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease
(CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy or DC. The prevalence of cardiac failure is
high in the diabetic population and DC is a common, but underestimated cause of heart
failure in diabetes. The strong association between diabetes and heart failure has fueled
intense human and animal research aimed at identifying the mechanisms underlying diabetic
myocardial disease. Despite significant progress made, the precise pathogenesis of
diabetic Cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly defined. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and
inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen
species which are in turn involved.

Methods:

We have reviewed the up-to-date scientific literature addressing these issues.

Results:

The myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile
function noted in DC. In the early stages of the disease, diastolic dysfunction is the
only abnormality, but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired
left ventricular ejection fraction. Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is usually used to
assess diastolic dysfunction, but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Imaging are being increasingly used for early detection of DC. Diabetic patients with microvascular
complications show the strongest association between diabetes and Cardiomyopathy,
an association that parallels the duration and severity of hyperglycemia.

Conclusion:

The management of DC involves improvement in lifestyle, control of glucose
and lipid abnormalities, together with treatment of hypertension and CAD, if present.
Identification of Antineoplastic Targets with Systems Approaches, Using Resveratrol as an In-Depth Case Study
Authors: Singh Nivedita , Freiesleben Sherry , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Shukla Yogeshwer , Gupta Shailendra K.
Published: July 2017

The identification and validation of novel drug–target combinations are key steps in the drug discovery
processes. Cancer is a complex disease that involves several genetic and environmental factors. High-throughput
omics technologies are now widely available, however the integration of multi-omics data to identify viable anticancer
drug-target combinations, that allow for a better clinical outcome when considering the efficacy-toxicity
spectrum, is challenging. This review article provides an overview of systems approaches which help to integrate
a broad spectrum of technologies and data. We focus on network approaches and investigate anticancer mechanism
and biological targets of resveratrol using reverse pharmacophore mapping as an in-depth case study. The
results of this case study demonstrate the use of systems approaches for a better understanding of the behavior of
small molecule inhibitors in receptor binding sites. The presented network analysis approach helps in formulating
hypotheses and provides mechanistic insights of resveratrol in neoplastic transformations.
An Evaluation of The Syphilis Screening Program Among Pregnant Women In Gaborone Clinics, Botswana: A Five Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ganiyu A.B. , Mason L. , Mabuza L.H.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Syphilis in pregnancy is a public health problem mainly in developing countries. If untreated, it can lead to pregnancy and fetal complications. Nation-wide screening at antenatal care is an important intervention for early detection and treatment to prevent complications.

Objective:

The aim was to evaluate the proportions and trends in the syphilis screening program of pregnant women who were attending the 15 public health care facilities in Gaborone Botswana during the period 2004 and 2008.

Method:

We conducted a cross-sectional study in the antenatal care facilities in Gaborone. Data was obtained from the antenatal registers from 7th to 25th September 2009 using a structured data collection sheet. We recorded the number of pregnant women registered for antenatal care, those screened and those not screened for syphilis. The SPSS 14.0 for windows software was used for data analysis.

Results:

The overall trends in the proportions of pregnant women screened for syphilis from 2004 to 2005 increased from 87.2% (95% CI, 86.4-88.0) to 89.7% (95% CI, 89.0-90.4), compared to the 2005 to 2006 estimates that showed a declined from 89.7% (95% CI, 89.0-90.4) to 79.0% (95% CI, 77.9-80.1). Seventy five percent of the clinics showed rising trends in the proportions of pregnant women screened for syphilis from 2004-2008.

Conclusion:

There were marked variations in the trends among pregnant women screened and those not screened for syphilis in the clinics around Gaborone. The overall trend was an increase screening coverage in the years 2004-2008. There is a need to investigate the factors associated with these variations.
Asupan Serat dan IMT Wanita Usia Subur Suku Madura di Kota Malang
Authors: Shanti Karina Muthia , Andarini Sri , Mutiyani Mira , Wirawan Nia Novita , Rahmawati Widya
Published: July 2017

AbstrakKonsumsi serat dapat berdampak positif terhadap kesehatan, salah satunya dapat menurunkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) melalui penurunan berat badan. IMT yang tinggi yaitu >23,0 kg/ m2 menunjukkan status gizi berada pada kondisi gizi lebih. Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) dengan kondisi gizi lebih dapat memberikan dampak pada siklus reproduksi wanita seperti infertilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan serat dengan IMT pada WUS suku Madura di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang. Penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dilaksanakan pada sampel WUS usia 18-44 tahun suku Madura di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang, selama Februari-Juni 2014. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling hingga diperoleh sejumlah 91 responden. Pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data IMT, sedangkan data asupan serat diperoleh dengan metode weighed food record pada satu hari biasa dan satu hari akhir pekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata asupan serat sebesar 7,16Â±3,13 g/ hari. Proporsi status gizi responden yaitu 6,6% gizi kurang, 28,6% normal, 30,8% overweight, dan 31,4% obesitas. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Pearson, diperoleh hubungan positif yang sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan antara asupan serat total dengan nilai IMT (p= 0,255 dan r= 0,121).Kata kunci: asupan serat, indeks massa tubuh, wanita usia subur, suku MaduraÂ AbstractDietary fiber intake can have a positive impact on health, one of which can reduce Body Mass Index (BMI) through weight loss. High BMI (>23.0 kg/m2) indicates overnutrition status. Overnutrition status on women of reproductive age (WRA) can impact the reproductive cycle such as infertility. This study aims to determine the correlation between total dietary fiber intake and BMI among Madurese women of reproductive age in Kedungkandang Malang. This observational research with cross sectional approach was conducted on Madurese women aged 18 to 44 years old in Kedungkandang Malang from February to June 2014. Samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique and obtained 91 respondents. Body height and weight measurements were performed to obtain BMI data, whereas fiber intake data were obtained using weighed food record method on a weekday and one day on weekend. The results showed an average fiber intake of 7.16 Â± 3.13 g/day. The nutritional status proportions of respondents were 6.6% malnutrition, 28.6% normal, 30.8% overweight, and 31.4% obesity. The Pearson correlation test showed a very weak and insignificant positive relationship between total fiber intake with BMI value (p=0.255 and r=0.121).Keywords: dietary fiber intake, body mass index, women of reproductive age, Madurese
PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) DENGAN PUTIH TELUR DALAM PENGENCER DASAR Cep-2 TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER PADA SIMPAN DINGIN
Authors: Istanty Ayu Sulvi , Salim M Ade , Isnaini Nurul , Susilawati Trinil
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research wasinvestigated the substitution effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with albumen on CEP-2 diluent to semen quality of Boer goat that was stored at 3-50C. Research was conducted at Reproduction Laboratory and Field Laboratory SumberSekarDau Animal Husbandry Faculty of Brawijaya University from December 2016until January 2017. The materials used for this research were fresh semen from 3,5-4,5 years old Boer goat which was collected with artificial vagina. Semen diluent was divided into two groups, those were P0 (90% CEP-2 + 10% Egg Yolk) and P1 (90% CEP-2 (without BSA) + 0,4% albumen + 10% Egg Yolk). Data of the research were analyzed using paired design t test. The result showed that after eight days of chilled preservation, the sperm motility of P0 was not significantly different with P1 (P>0,05). The average percentage of motility during eight days preservation P0 was higher than P1. The viability between P0 and P1 showed highly significantly difference (P<0,01). The average percentage of viability during eight days preservation P0 was higher than P1. The abnormality between P0 and P1 showed highly significant difference (P<0,01). The average percentage of abnormality between eight dayspreservation P1 was higher than P0. Total motile sperms count after seven days chilled preservation was not significantly different with hope value 40 million motile sperm/ml. The conclusion of this research was the substitution of BSA with albumen could maintain Boer goat semen quality.Â Keywords : CEP-2, Bovine SerumAlbumin, Semen, Cryoprotectant
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK LENDIR SERVIK SEBELUM INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB) TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN KEBUNTINGAN SAPI KOMPOSIT
Authors: Irfan Irfan , Wahjuningsih Sri , Susilawati Trinil
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of characteristics of cervical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) as conception rate (CR). The study materials were 112 composite cattle in estrus. Fifty five composite heifers and 57 composite cows. Samples of cervical mucus were examined for amount and consistency. The amount of the cervical mucus was studied based on its much, little and nothing of secretion the cervical mucus while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The measurement of vaginal temperature was conducted by digital thermometer. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the 60th days post insemination. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Chi-square. Findings showed that the conception rates of composite cattle with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 66.67%, 68.00%, 35.71% on composite cows and 37.03%, 50.00%, 37.50% on composite heifers. The vaginal temperature with thin, thick, and nothing secretion of cervical mucus were 38.7Â±1.0 oC, 38.9Â±0.7 oC, 38.6Â±0.5 oC. It was concluded that characteristics of servical mucus before artificial insemination (AI) gave effect to conception rate. It was suggested that optimum time to artificial insemination (AI) of composite cattle was on thick and thin secretion of servical mucus.Â Keywords: Cervical mucus, vaginal temperature, artificial insemination (AI), composite cattle, conception rate (CR).
PENGARUH AIR KELAPA MERAH YANG MUDA DAN TUA SEBAGAI PENGENCER TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN
Authors: Mugiyati Mugiyati , Isnaini Nurul , Salim Muhammad Ade , Susilawati Trinil
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research was to know the effect of maturity of red coconut water as a diluent to the sperms quality of Boer goats during chilled preservation. The research was carried out at Laboratory Sumber Sekar Faculty of AnimalÂ  Husbandry University of Brawijaya Malang, on 11st December 2016 until 31st January 2017. The method used in this research was laboratory experimental using Randomized Block Design with three treatments, P0 (Tris Aminomethane + 20% Egg Yolk), P1 (Young Red Coconut Water + 20% Egg Yolk) and P2 (Mature Red Coconut Water + 20% Egg Yolk) which each treatment using 10 repetitions. The observed variables include the percentage of motility, percentage of viability and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa during chilled preservation The results showed that on the 3ndday the percentage of motility of spermatozoa during chilled preservation gave a significant effect (P<0.05), while on viability gave a very significant effect (P<0.01), and on abnormality did not give a significant effect (P> 0.05). The highest of total motile spermatozoa was P0 (Tris Aminomethan + 20% Egg Yolk). P2 better than P1 on motility, but not on viability and abnormality. The conclusions was the maturity of red coconut water can improve motility, but can not improve viability and abnormality. The suggested was use Mature Red coconut water + 20% Egg Yolk as a diluentÂ  and do further research on coconut water to be able to maintain spermatozoa longer.Keyword : Sperms, egg yolk, red coconut water, tris aminomethane
STUDI KASUS TINGKAT PEMOTONGAN KAMBING BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN, KELOMPOK UMUR DAN BOBOT KARKAS DI TEMPAT PEMOTONGAN HEWAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Wahyudi Eko , Ciptadi Gatot , Budiarto Agus
Published: July 2017

The research was conducted at Malang goat slaughterhouse on November 10th to December 10th 2016. This study is to determine the number of goat slaughter based on sex, age group, and carcass weight. The material used as many as 128 goats. The method used is a case study. Data observed was presented in average value and standard deviation for being descriptive analysis. Results showed the slaughter rate of male goat reached 14.06% and females reached 85.94%. The slaughter rate of goat aged less than 1 year is 28.91%, age 1 - 1.5 years are 22.66%, age 1.5 - 2.5 years are 13.28%, 2.5 - 3.5 years old is 14.06% and age is 3.5 - 4 years 21.09%. The average carcass weight of male goat which less than 1 year - 4 years vary between 10.37Â±3.58 kg - 22.77Â±4.51 kg, and female goat carcass weight 10.9Â±2.21 kg - 19.63Â±4.32 kg. The conclusion of this research is that female goat slaughter at Malang goat slaughterhouse is very high reach 85.94% while the male slaughter is only 14.06%. The highest goat slaughter rate aged less than 1 year reached 28.91% consist male goat 4.69% and female 24.21%. Male and female goat carcasses percentage aged less than 1 year - 4 years varies between 48.32% - 50.34% and 48.55% - 49.31%. From this research, it is suggested to reduce female livestock slaughter and further research is needed on the level of productive doe slaughter in Malang slaughterhouse area.Â Keywords: Slaughter rate, Goat, Slaughterhouse
EVALUATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR LAHAR IN MERAPI AREA (CASE STUDY AT BOYONG RIVER)
Authors: Achmad Ali Cahyadi
Published: July 2017

One of disasters caused by volcanic activity of Mount Merapi is secondary disaster. The disaster usually occurs after eruption and this volcanic activity produces volcanic and pyroclastic material deposit around the top of the mountain as a result of previous eruption. This material might collapse downward in the form of debris flow as it is affected by natural event such as high intensity rainfall. Therefore, a research is needed to analyze whether existing forecasting and early warning system are capable to provide information for the people living in hazardous area before the debris flood occur. This research was carried out using field survey, observation and interview method. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive method by making description of actual condition of the researched location general condition and qualitative analysis of telemetry system installed on Mount Merapi. The qualitative analysis of telemetry system covers network, hardware, software, power supply, security system, operation and maintenance, also human resources. Research analysis used primary and secondary data. Research results revealed that mean rainfall intensity above of 60 mm/hour might trigger debris flood. Early warning should be given at the rainfall intensity level of 50-55 mm/hour, and debris flood time travel from the upstream to the observed location in Pulowatu Village is 45 minute. Based on the analysis of the present forecasting and early warning system, it is known that some of the equipment is not well functioned, so that debris flow cannot be predicted and detected. This is caused by the lack of human resource quality of the officers in operating and maintaining the equipment. Concerning that matter, it is necessary to conduct some improvement to achieve better forecasting and early warning system in order to give information regarding occurrence of debris flow.
LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING ALONG RANTEPAO – PALOPO ROAD SECTION, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Authors: Anggeraini Dian Pratiwi
Published: July 2017

Rantepao – Palopo Road Section is 61 km long, which provides a connection between Palopo City and North Toraja District. Geographically, the road is winding, located in a hilly area with steep canyon. This condition makes the road vulnerable to soil movement or landslide. On 8 November 2009, a landslide, which caused a huge material and immaterial loss, took place. The scale of the disaster was so large that it was classified as a national disaster. In the landslide disaster management, the mitigation and preparedness effort will be more focused if complemented with spatial data in the form of landslide hazard map in Rantepao – Palopo road section. This research uses Public Works Minister Regulation No.22/PRT/M/2007 concerning landslide hazard area spatial planning as the reference which is modified and assisted with the application of Geographical Information System (GIS). Based on the hydro-morphology condition, the research location can be classified into three, namely typology A (> 1000 mdpl), typology B (500 – 1000 mdpl), and typology C (<500 mdpl). Each typology consists of natural physical aspects with slope indicator, soil type, geology, rainfall, distance from the river/slope water system, distance from seismic fault and vegetation. Human activity aspects comprise planting pattern indicator, slope cutting, pond, population density, and mitigation effort. Based on the regulation, several indicators are difficult to apply in the road section study. Therefore, in this research, some modifications are made to several indicators. In the slope cutting indicator, to obtain slope cutting map, overlay process on topography map, slope variation map, and road section map was performed. The distance from the river/slope water system was obtained by calculating the distance from the river to the road, the closer the river to the road, the bigger the vulnerability. Meanwhile, the distance from the fault was evaluated based on the existence of seismic faults in the research location. Landslide hazard map was obtained by applying overlay process to natural physical aspects map and human activity map. To obtain a hazard map for Rantepao – Palopo road section, a modification by applying overlay to road section map and landslide hazard map was performed. Hazard map on Ranteo-Palopo is divided into three types, i.e. low risk, medium risk, and high risk.
DEVELOPMENT OF RELOCATION STRATEGIES REGARDING ERUPTION HAZARD IN MOUNT MERAPI
Authors: Lestari Rosdiana Puji
Published: July 2017

The research was conducted to answer a questions: 1) how the relocation of the current strategy was carried out by the government 2) the problems that arise in the relocation which has yet to be resolved, 3) how the good concept of relocation so that these problems can be minimized. The research methodology used in this study combined quantitative and qualitative methods. Qualitative methods are used to explain the empirical facts that exist in each of these conditions in the relocation settlements. SWOT analysis is used to provide an overview of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the relocation of victims of Merapi. Information, facts and issues that arise in the study will be described, explained and analyzed primarily for the impact of residential relocation on social and economic life of the community. Relocation concept of the economic aspects of community empowerment efforts should be made related to community economic recovery after a change in livelihood. In addition, the potential of community mapping needs to be done by the government to be optimized and developed. From the aspect of government settlements seek to transfer ownership of land in the new settlement which may be the property of the citizens so that citizens obtain legal certainty while occupying the new settlement. The social aspects of the development potential of relocating residents and making it as a tourist village, residents need to support that relocation is no longer a newcomer, they have the same rights and obligations with citizens of another.