bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Protection Mechanisms in IoT: A Vital Challenge
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India., Padmashree* M G , Arunalatha J S ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India., Venugopal K R ,   Vice-Chancellor, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India.
Published: August 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) associated with life is a budding real-time environment paradigm. Smart Users can control and analyze Things through Smart gadgets connected through the network. As gazillions of devices are connected and communicated via a complex, distributed network, the number of potential threats and attacks has grown drastically against protection and privacy. Security must be provided continuously for IoT service. Exploring the issues to be improved in IoT setup includes Information Secrecy, Access Control, Authentication, Integrity, Privacy, and Trust. The paper summarizes the issues with IoT device security and the efficiency of the existing security solutions. This paper analyses the schemes to guard IoT communications and the methods adopted by the researchers while providing security of data in IoT.
Performance Comparison of Deep CNN Models for Disease Diagnosis on Apple Leaves
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Major, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India., Reddy* Kota Akshith , K Sharmila Banu ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India., Ippagunta Sai Kanishka ,   Pursuing, B.Tech (CSE), Department of Information Security, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India., Siddareddi Chandra Havish ,   Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Vellore institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India., Polsani Jahnavi ,   Pursuing, B.Tech, Department of Computer Science Engineering (CSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: August 2021

The apple is one of the most cultivated fruits in the world. They are round in shape and their color varies from green to red. Apple Orchards face constant threats from a large number of insects and pathogens and the early detection of these diseases can help in mitigating these harmful effects. An apple tree takes around six to ten years to mature and produce fruit and therefore, the production costs are high and there is no room for such diseases to get a healthy fruit and a profitable yield. Delayed or incorrect diagnosis of these diseases can lead to using either inadequate or more than required chemicals or using a wrong chemical altogether to treat the plant. Historically, this problem was solved using conventional machine learning algorithms like SVMs, Decision Trees and Random Forests. However, in recent times, the approach to solve this problem has shifted to deep learning, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks. CNN’s are powerful tools that can be used for image classification. We can get state-ofthe-art results even by using small amounts of data and little to no data preprocessing. In this work, we are going to compare some of the state of the art CNN architectures on the task of accurately classifying a given image into different categories of diseases or as a healthy leaf. Finally, experimental results are conveyed and performance analysis of these various architectures has been done.
Effect of Geopolymer Concrete Encased I-Section and Geopolymer CFST Column Under Fire
Authors:   Pursuing M.Tech, Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India., Haque* Md Mustafeezul , Ahmad Dr. Sabih ,   Associate Professor and Former Head, Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India., Hai Abdul ,   Pursuing M.Tech, Civil Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India., Haque Md Marghoobul ,   Pursuing M.Tech, Civil Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, India.
Published: August 2021

Geopolymer concrete can resist fire quite well when compared with conventional concrete. Recent studies to observe the behaviour of geopolymer composite column under the effect of fire are very few. In this paper results in terms of stress, strain and deformation of geopolymer composite column expressed to elevated temperature are presented. It was observed that geopolymer composite column performs better at elevated temperatures than the conventional composite column. This tests are performed with four composite column with geopolymer concrete and conventional concrete which is tested at four elevated temperatures i.e., 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC, 700 oC and 800 oC to evaluate the strength parameters. It results geopolymer concrete column can be used where fire disaster chances are high.
Agro Defence: Engineering for Agriculture
Authors:   Support Analyst at Cognizant Technology Solutions, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakapatnam (A.P), India., Manyam* Harish Reddy , Sri Ram E.B.V ,   Student, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Institute Name: GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakapatnam (A.P), India., Kalidindi Lasya ,   Student, Department of Post Graduate Diploma in Liberal Studies, Ashoka University, Vishakapatnam (A.P), India., Mangesh Y.M.S ,   Full Stack Developer, Department of Computer Science Engineering, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakapatnam (A.P), India., Neeraj A ,   Department of Computer Science Engineering, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakapatnam (A.P), India.
Published: August 2021

Today’s world is unimaginable without technology, which plays a key role in all fields of society. We see numerous technological developments in all kinds of fields like automobiles, communication, Artificial Intelligence, etc. So, we have come up with something which can help the agricultural sector. The main aim of this application is to create an interface between farmers and farm produce consumers and it connects farmers across India with the end buyers eliminating the middlemen. To help the farmers, the buyers can pre-book for a crop so that farmers don’t need to take a loan. Without added expense to promote and distribute products farmers can earn better prices for their products and Seasonal crops like mango, rabi, peas, barley, etc. may drive to large market potential like paddy, wheat, etc. will regulate sales in local areas too. The farmers can achieve huge market potential through the transport of these seasonal crops. Mainly this application works throughout the process i.e., pre-processing, processing and post-processing of the crop and interfacing farmers with technological aid to address the labor shortage, product knowledge on chemical inputs and market linkages. This is how we imagined modern technological advancements in the development of the most underrated yet the most important sector i.e. Agriculture. This way the farmers can not only make additional income but also can live with contentment.
Biosorption of Malachite Green Dye from Wastewater with Henfeathers -Analysis of Various Mathematical Models Wrt Continuous Adsorption
Authors:   M Tech Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam., Manikrishna* K.S.G.V. , Sridevi Veluru ,   Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam., Pamu Sri Himaja ,   Mtech Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam., Bai M.Tukaram ,   Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam., Prasad K.S.NV. ,   PHD Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the remediation of hazardous organic dye-contaminated aquatic habitats has been a key research priority for environmental and chemical engineers. The goal of this research was to see how well malachite green adsorbs from waste water in a continuous column system having fixed bed. A biosorbent made from waste materials such as hen feathers has been shown to extract the water-soluble malachite green colour from waste water. The adsorption potential of malachite green dye ions in a continuous flow adsorption column is investigated in this work. The hen feathers' performance in the fixed bed column was assessed under a variety of operating circumstances, including bed height in the range 6-10cm; flow in the range 4-12ml/min, and starting concentration (10-30 mg/l). In comparison to other testing settings, the bed height (8cm), flowrate (12ml/min), and maximum input concentration (20mg/l) resulted in the highest malachite green absorption of 2.829mg/g. The column experimental data collected under various conditions was evaluated using three distinct models namely 1. Bohart-Adams model, 2 Yoon-Nelsons model, and 3 BDST model, all of which produced a decent estimation of the breakthrough curve. The findings from the Yoon-nelson and BDST models, on the other hand, were more favourable. The several characteristics of the hen feathers were studied using FTIR studies. The activated hen feather powder was a successful potential bio sorbent for the malachite green from aqueous phase.
TheCorrelation and Influence between Mother’s Play Beliefs on Child’s Playfulness and Happiness
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Early Childhood Education, Cheju Halla University, 38 Halladaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63092., An Mi-Young , Yoon* Susie ,   Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, 38 Halladaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63092., Yun Bogyeong ,   Cheju Youngnak Nursery, 15 Donggwang-ro 23-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63251.
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted with 157 mothers with children aged 3 to 5 who were living in attending a daycare center in J city to examine the correlation and influence between mothers' play beliefs and play participation on children's play performance and happiness. Specifically, we sought to answer the following: (1) Do mothers' play beliefs, children's playfulness, and infant happiness differ depending on the children's background variables? (2) What correlations and influences do mothers' play beliefs and the degree of play participation have on children's play performance? (3) What is the relationship between mothers' play beliefs, playfulness of children, and happiness of children? The data collection period was about two weeks from the fourth week of September to the first week of October 2018. For the collected data, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. The research results are as follows. First, according to the background variables of the children, the mother's play beliefs, the infant's playfulness, and the infant's happiness were different. The play support beliefs, there was no significant difference in the age of young children but mothers of 5-year-old children showed that they supported learning-centered beliefs more, and the level of play performance and happiness of 5-year-olds was the highest. According to the number of children, the two-child and multi-child parent groups supported the play support belief, and the one-child parents supported the learning support belief, and the children's playfulness and happiness were found to be highest in the order of multiple children, two children, and one child. Second, play support belief showed a significant correlation with play participation and children's play performance. The higher the mother's play support belief was, the higher the play participation rate and the higher the infant's playfulness were. Conversely, the more mothers held the learning-centered belief, the lower the play participation rate was. Third, the higher the mother's belief in play support, the higher the level of playfulness of children, and the level of playfulness were, the higher the happiness of children was. This study is meaningful in recognizing the importance of parents having the correct perception of children's play and in providing basic data for parent education to promote the development of playfulness and happiness in children.
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm Challenges and Development Stages
Authors:   Computer Department, MTC, Cairo, Egypt., Mohamed* Mustafa Hussien , Sobky Wageda I. El ,   Math Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt., Hamdy Sara ,   Electric Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Published: August 2021

This paper try to introduce the advantages and disadvantages of the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm that could be put in consideration for future usage through applications and future scalability depending on improvement levels of elliptical curve Digital Signature Algorithm starting from The elliptical Curve Cryptography that it was extracted from till showing, elliptical curve Digital Signature Algorithm's security power, performance quality, memory usage rate, applications, challenges, and last improvement. To help in the future in evading some problems like forgery, worse usage of memory because of big sized keys that cause the need for high processing power that reduces the performance quality, and considering it as a level in a new algorithm to reduce the tries of attacking and hacking specific messages between specific parties, after explaining the Elliptical Curve Cryptography and how the scientists reached from the Elliptical Curve Cryptography to the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm and why they developed Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, the paper will explain its advantages and disadvantages of the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, then the paper will explain what is the differences happen in a new type of the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm called Multiple Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, trying to show what is the improvement stages was happened in the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, how that affected the nowadays applications, and how that participated in improving the security performance and increasing the security strength, there fore what was included in the paper could be used as a nucleus for more and more improving of the Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, and evading its defects.
A Failure Mechanism Study of Boiler Water-Wall Tube using Numerical and Experimental Analysis
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering College, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia., Asiri* Dr. Saeed
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the boiler tube failure mechanism using finite element analysis and experimental Analysis. The numerical software used is ANSYS steady-state thermal and static structural analysis. The independent variable for the analysis is temperature from flue gas and wall thickness of boiler tube. The scope of the study is to determine the temperature distribution, von mises stress, deformation and safety factor by implemented design of experiment. The material of boiler tube sketch in two dimensional for simulation is SA210 Grade C. this is standard requirements for the boiler made of seamless medium-carbon steel with superheater tubes according to ASTM. From the result and discussion, the potential of failure mechanism will determine upon independent variables. In addition, hoop stress or circumference stress will help to support the statement of failure of boiler tube.
Students Roll Call at Vietnam Universities with Convolutional Neural Networks (Cnn)
Authors:   Lecturer, Faculty of Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology (PTIT), HaNoi, Vietnam, and Computing Fundamental Department, FPT University, Hanoi, Viet Nam., Ha* Dr. Phan Thi , Anh ThS. Trinh Thi Van ,   Lecturer, Faculty of Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology (PTIT), HaNoi, Vietnam, and Computing Fundamental Department, FPT University, Hanoi, VietNam
Published: August 2021

In this article, we introduce the construction and training of a CNN model for student face recognition for automatic roll call. Collection of training and testing data, data preprocessing, model training and result evaluation are demonstrated and explained in detail. The model has been tested on the faces of students in a university in Vietnam and yields positive result, which can be applied in practice for automatic roll call. At the same time, the authors have built a learning management system for classes at a university in Vietnam, including automatic roll call.
Design of an Adaptive Near Field Communication Technology using Finite State Machine within Web Services
Authors:   Computer Science department, College of Science and Humanities of Al-Ghat, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia., Aldriwish* Khalid
Published: August 2021

The ongoing Web success can be related to its scalability and sustainability. Web Services (WSs) can provide different patterns for delivering software application abilities and the models by which enterprises and associated parties will trade. WSs represent a flexible way to offer existing components available to applications through the Internet. WSs are a new trend that shares ubiquitous systems with others. The popularity of Web is increasing with their associated systems. These systems play a significant key role as their compromise has a technical effect, and their need is rising. One of these systems is called Technology wireless (NFC). NFC is becoming an active area nowadays. The complexity of setting the NFC increases as the application, system architecture, and associated parts must satisfy various requirements of ever involving project scenarios. Several organizations are getting the benefit from the NFC. This paper will explore and develop an approach of developing a technique that will permit to exchange by technology wireless (NFC) data between the parties within a Web services environment. This technique has an advantage that facilitates the possibility of adopting such a system to decrease the time-cost and effort for staff and customers. Several means of mobile payments technique have been entitled and adopted this service in many countries, e.g., Europe, USA, Asia, and in the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia. Many users of these countries using a smartphone to pay services via their mobile phones for a wide range of activities. Consequently, this paper involves an agile technique of validating Finite State Machine (FSM) and JFLAP tools.
Study of Acceptance of Indian Political Cartoons in Facebook Landscape
Authors:   Professional cartoonist, National Institute of Design (NID), India., Chakraborty* Prasun , Chowdhury Anirban ,   Assistant Professor, User Experience Design, University of Calcutta, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
Published: August 2021

Indian society changed after digitalization and economical reformation. Currently, the Facebook is the most popular social media in India. The political cartoonist took that platform as an opportunity to share their thoughts and raise socio-political issues through their cartoons. The aim of the paper is to study responses (likingness and affective) to political cartoons in respect to responsiveness towards cartoons, gender, and socio-economic status. The study was conducted among 875 Indians from different parts of India including males and females with various socio-economic backgrounds. The data captured in the form of sentiments (love, sadness, angry and happiness emotions) for each cartoon shared in the Facebook timeline. Then, relevant descriptive statistics were computed using IBM SPSS 20.0 software. Results showed that maximum Facebook users expressed their thoughts about political cartoons through emoticons in terms of like, sad, angry, and happiness. It is found that male user are more likely to be expressive to political cartoons than female user. Mostly user from low and middle socio-economic backgrounds relate themselves with the cartoon scenarios and shown interest than users from higher class of the society. Hence, political socio-political scenarios can be communicated effectively using political cartoons in Facebook as the people of India are relating themselves with various cartoons.
Renewable Energy-Enabled Cellular Networks
Authors: Ko Young-Chai , Jung Kug-Jin , Park Ki Hong , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: September 2021

Renewable energy (RE)-powered base stations (BSs)
have been considered as an attractive solution to address the
exponential increasing energy demand in cellular networks while
decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For the regions where
reliable power grids are insufficient and infeasible to deploy, such
as aerial platforms and harsh environments, RE has been an
alternative power source for BSs. In this survey paper, we provide
an overview of RE-enabled cellular networks, detailing their
analysis, classification, and related works. First, we introduce the
key components of RE-powered BSs along with their frequently
adopted models. Second, we analyze the proposed strategies and
design issues for RE-powered BSs that can be incorporated into
cellular networks and categorize them into several groups to
provide a good grasp. Third, we introduce feasibility studies
on RE-powered BSs based on the recent literature. Fourth,
we investigate RE-powered network components other than
terrestrial BSs to address potential issues regarding RE-enabled
networks. Finally, we suggest future research directions and
conclusions.
Strategi Coping pada Penyintas Covid-19 Yang Mengalami Stigma: Sebuah Studi Fenomenologi
Authors: Fachrunisa Rahma Ayuningtyas
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh survivor COVID-19 tidak hanya bersumber dari faktor fisik, namun juga faktor sosial. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman psikologis dan strategi coping pada survivor COVID-19 yang mengalami stigma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan satu orang partisipan. Hasil penelitian memunculkan tiga tema utama, yaitu: (1) tantangan sebagai survivor COVID-19, (2) stigma terhadap survivor COVID-19, dan (3) strategi coping survivor COVID-19. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi strategi coping yang adaptif dan kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi psikologis pasien.
Keputusan Mengakhiri Relasi Suami-Istri: Sebuah Studi Fenomenologis
Authors: Alfaruqy Muhammad Zulfa , Indrawati Endang Sri
Published: September 2021

Relasi suami-istri acap dihadapkan pada situasi krisis di ujung tanduk perceraian. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memahami dinamika relasi dan pengambilan keputusan untuk mengakhiri relasi suami-istri. Penelitian dengan pendekatan fenomenologis melibatkan empat orang istri yang menggugat cerai sebagai subjek. Penggalian data menggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relasi suami-istri bersifat dinamis. Ketidakfungsionalan suami terkait kemampuan secara personal menurunkan interdependensi seorang istri. Meskipun demikian, mekanisme adaptasi membuat relasi suami-istri tetap stabil. Kondisi berubah saat terjadi perselingkuhan yang berulang. Kepercayaan dan pemaafan istri terus tergerus. Keputusan istri mengakhiri relasi suami-istri bersandar pada pertimbangan kesiapan personal istri, ketiadaan intensi perubahan suami, dan penerimaan lingkungan sosial. Secara teoretis, penelitian berimplikasi pada penegasan tentang kompleksitas relasi interdependen di masyarakat dengan budaya kolektivis seperti Indonesia, khususnya menyangkut pernikahan.
Lendo o mundo nas aulas de educação física no ensino médio: por uma ecologia de saberes contra-hegemônicos sobre as práticas corporais e o corpo
Authors: Maldonado Daniel Teixeira , Farias Uirá de Siqueira , Nogueira Valdilene Aline
Published: September 2021

OBJETIVO: Relatar uma experiência político-pedagógica que ampliou a leitura de mundo dos estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre os conhecimentos contra-hegemônicos produzidos sobre as práticas corporais e o corpo durante as aulas de Educação Física. MÉTODOS: Foi relatada uma experiência educativa com estudantes do 1º ano do curso de Eletrônica integrado ao Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de São Paulo – Campus SP, entre os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2020. A turma possui aproximadamente 40 alunos e o currículo é constituído por duas aulas semanais de Educação Física. RESULTADOS: Os estudantes realizaram uma leitura crítica do mundo sobre os saberes contra-hegemônicos sociais, políticos, econômicos, históricos, biológicos e fisiológicos que se relacionam com as práticas corporais e o corpo, produzidos pela literatura científica e movimentos sociais, durante as aulas do componente curricular. CONCLUSÃO: Ao fazer um diálogo entre os conceitos de leitura de mundo e ecologia de saberes contra-hegemônicos, produzidos por Paulo Freire e Boaventura de Sousa Santos, passamos a defender que a função social das aulas de educação física está relacionada com a leitura crítica do mundo dos saberes produzidos sobre as danças, lutas, esportes, ginásticas, jogos, brincadeiras e a relação da sociedade com o corpo, pelos grupos que foram marginalizados no sistema capitalista.
Interrogantes y afirmaciones acerca de maestras y mestros investigadores.
Authors: Martínez María Cristina , Ramírez Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2021

Este texto pone en escena algunas problematizaciones existentes sobre la investigación educativa y pedagógica que realizan los y las maestras. Se sitúan algunas tensiones que hoy se reconocen en el ámbito académico sobre la validez y el alcance de sus producciones y se precisan algunas líneas de fuerza que coadyuvan a su reconocimiento como “maestros investigadores”. Las posturas y reflexiones se argumentan con la mirada empírica a trabajos de investigación realizados por maestros y maestros que han participado en proyectos convocados y apoyados por el IDEP, realizaciones que los expresan como productores de saber y conocimiento pedagógico.
5 mitos sobre la inteligencia y el talento
Authors: Samper Julián De Zubiría
Published: September 2021

Después de haber seguido durante cerca de dos décadas a más de mil niños de Coeficiente Intelectual muy superior; las conclusiones permiten evidenciar que subsisten múltiples mitos sobre estos dos conceptos y que hoy en día se deben reivindicar avances con enfoques histórico-culturales, formulados al respecto. El artículo sustentará la necesidad de reconocer la diversidad de inteligencias, la modificabilidad de cada una de ellas, la inexistencia de pruebas de escritorio confiables para realizar su evaluación y el papel central del medio ambiente y los mediadores en el desarrollo tanto de la inteligencia como del talento.
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS IN THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors:   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania, EARAR Kamel , FRATILA Dragos Nicola ,   Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Farmacy of Iasi, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iasi, Romania
Published: September 2021

The progress made in fundamental medical research over the past decades, the scientific acquisitions in the field of genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry in relation to the explosive development of investigative technologies have revolutionized the clinical approach to many pathological entities, practically opening a new era in the evolution of clinical medicine. Dental medicine, as a science, feels the massive impact of the needs for knowledge and relaunches the interest of research in all its subspecialties. From this perspective, these are legitimized not only through the crisis in managing the immense volume of information, but also through the openings offered to the framework of conceptualizing and defining the identity of this branch of medicine, related to the need to particularize the specific problems in this discipline. Digestion is a fundamental process in the survival of an organism. It begins in the oral cavity, where the bolus is formed, and continues in the stomach, forming the chyme, which then reaches the small intestine and transforms into the chyle. Through mastication, the surface of food increases, thus the enzymes are able to act more easily on the substrate. The first enzymes to act on food are the salivary ones - salivary amylase, lingual lipase. Mastication is regulated through the contact of food with receptors in the oral cavity. These will send impulses by way of the trigeminal nerve towards the centre of mastication - located in the bolus. From the bolus, they will start the signals on the efferent pathway (trigeminal, hypoglossal and facial nerves) that will reach the masticatory muscles. Mechanical digestion (mastication) can thus begin. Mechanical digestion in the oral cavity results from mastication. During mastication, the food is manipulated by the tongue, crushed by the teeth and mixed with saliva. Concomitant with mechanical digestion, the chemical digestion takes place through the action of saliva. There are two types of salivary glands in the oral cavity: large glands - parotid, sublingual, submandibular and small glands - disseminated throughout the oral cavity. Within 24 hours, up to 1.5 liters of saliva are secreted, 99% of which is represented by water. The remaining 1% consists of enzymes, mucus, nitrogen content. After finalizing mastication, deglutition begins. This mechanical process consists of thrusting the bolus from the mouth towards the stomach, using the esophagus.
BIOTERRORISM AND BIOSECURITY – RISK ANALYSIS AND SPECIFIC PREVENTION
Authors:   Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Romania, DIAC Madalina Maria , GIRLESCU Nona ,   Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Romania, DAMIAN Simona Irina ,   Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Romania, KNIELING Anton ,   Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Romania, BULGARU ILIESCU Diana ,   Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa” Iasi, Romania
Published: September 2021

Microorganisms with lethal potential for human body and the toxins they produce have their own place in history, because of the numerous epidemics they have caused and because of the large number of human lives they have taken. They are a hidden enemy, extremely insidious and with high mortality rates and they can destroy all the defence, control, and medical systems of a state; they can kill many people before anyone can realise the true phenomenon; they can hide the criminals before even suspecting the crime, and they can create chaos, terror, and even economic collapse. Furthermore, we have to analyse the conceptual mutations of the terrorist phenomenon in the last decade. It tends to be a mass destruction act rather than a manipulation and ideologic movement. We can truly say that bioterrorism is the scariest scenario of all existing threats and the main question remains: are all international systems ready to face this enemy and is there a prevention protocol that could be adapted realistically to these threats?
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERAWATAN PENDERITA SKIZOFRENIA DI KLINIK JIWA RSD MANGUSADA BADUNG
Authors: Cahyaningsih Nur , Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya
Published: September 2021

Schizophrenic patients have decreased ability to maintain daily care. Family support in the care of schizophrenic patients is influenced by the knowledge of schizophrenic patient care by the family which can give a positive response in daily care for schizophrenic patients. This study aimed at determining the correlation between family support and the level of knowledge in the care of schizophrenics at the Mental Clinic of RSD Mangusada Badung. The study was implemented with an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The total samples were 67 respondents using the incidental sampling technique. Data were collected using a family support questionnaire and a questionnaire on the level of care knowledge. Data were analyzed using Spearman`s rho test. The results of the study were 36 people with adequate family support with a percentage of 53.7% and 36 people with a high level of knowledge of care with a percentage of 53.7%. correlation analysis between family support and the level of knowledge of care obtained p-value <0.001. There was a correlation between family support and the level of knowledge of schizophrenic care in Mental Clinic RSD Mangusada Badung. The recommendations of this study are expected to be input for nurses to always provide care education for schizophrenia patients to their families.
PERBANDINGAN PEMAHAMAN PENCEGAHAN KARIES GIGI METODE VIDEO DAN LEAFLET SISWA PESANTREN AR-RAUDHATUL HASANAH MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ameta Primasari  , Minasari  , Tyasingsih Filia Dana , Yendriwati  , DewaBrata Gilang
Published: September 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mengajak anak-anak untuk memahami materi penyuluhan yang diberikan penulis. Media yang digunakan yaitu media video dan leaflet mengenai pencegahan karies gigi. Jenis pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan rancangan pretest-posttest design Metode mencakup data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer adalah data yang langsung dari responden melalui wawancara langsung menggunakan kuesioner pemehaman tentang pencegahan karies. Data sekunder, yaitu data yang mendukung data primer yang diperoleh dari catatan atau dokumen Pesantren Ar-Raudhatul Hasanah Medan. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman antara laki-laki dan perempuan, kemudian perbedaan hasil pre-test dan post-test, serta membandingkan metode pengukuran mana yang terbaik. Aspek pengukuran dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini didasarkan pada jawaban responden terhadap pertanyaan dari kuesioner yang disesuaikan dengan skor, secara umum disusun sebanyak 15 pertanyaan. Sampel pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini terdiri dari 2 kelompok yaitu 34 orang siswa yang diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan dengan media video dan 34 orang siswa yang diberikan penyuluhan leaflet. Berdasarkan data hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara peningkatan pengetahuan karies pada anak yang mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media video maupun leaflet, karena didapatkan nilai p value sebesar 0,037.
Klasifikasi Kualitas Mutu Daun Gambir Ladang Rakyat Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Winanda Teddy , Yuhandri Y , Hendrick H
Published: August 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries which have the best Gambier quality in the world. Those are a few areas in Indonesia which have best gambier quality such as Aceh, Riau, North Sumatera, Bengkulu, South Sumatera and West Sumatra. Kabupaten 50 Kota is one of the regencies in west Sumatra that supplies gambier in Indonesia. The gambier leaf selection is mostly done by manual inspection or conventional method. The leaf color, thickness and structure are the important parameters in selecting gambier leaf quality. Farmers usually classify the quality of gambier leaves into good and bad. Computer Vision can help farmers to classify gambier leaves automatically. To realize this proposed method, gambier leaves are collected to create a dataset for training and testing processes. The gambier image leaves is captured by using DLSR camera at Kabupaten 50 Koto manually. 60 images were collected in this research which separated into 30 images with good and 30 images with bad quality. Furthermore, the gambier leaves image is processed by using digital image processing and coded by using python programming language. Both TensorFlow and Keras were implemented as frameworks in this research. To get a faster processing time, Ubuntu 18.04 Linux is selected as an operating system. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the basis of image classification and object detection. In this research, the miniVGGNet architecture was used to perform the model creation. A quantity of dataset images was increased by applying data augmentation methods. The result of image augmentation for good quality gambier produced 3000 images. The same method was applied to poor quality images, the same results were obtained as many as 3000 images, with a total of 6000 images. The classification of gambier leaves produced by the Convolutional Neural Network method using miniVGGNet architecture obtained an accuracy rate of 0.979 or 98%. This method can be used to classify the quality of Gambier leaves very well
Tingkat Korelasi Prestasi Akademik Terhadap Siswa SMP Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation
Authors: Yeni Nasma , Yuhandri Y
Published: August 2021

Student academic achievement plays a very important role in determining the quality of a school. Student grades sometimes change every semester, there are increases and decreases. There is an assumption that students whose grades are in the previous semester will be in the next semester and vice versa. is expected to make it easier for us as educators to see the extent to which changes in student academic achievement. The data tested is the data of 60 class VII students in 2 semesters. Furthermore, it will be tested using the MatLab Application, then the results of the changes that occur will come out. The results of this study found that they did not know the value of semester 1 with the value of semester 2 TP. 2019/2020 is very good with an architectural pattern of 10-10-1 with a value of 95.3%. So students who excel in semester 1 are likely to excel in the following semester. So that it can help the school in seeing the Correlation Level of Student Academic Achievement at SMPN 3 Lengayang.
Identifikasi Penderita COVID-19 Berdasarkan Chest X-Ray Menggunakan Algoritma Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Backpropagation
Authors: Putra Heru Rahmat Wibawa , Yuhandri Y
Published: August 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). This disease first appeared in Wuhan, China and spread throughout the world. COVID-19 has had a major impact on public health around the world. On March 9, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Early identification of people with COVID-19 can help limit the wider spread. One of the factors behind the rapid spread of the disease is the long clinical trial time. Rapid clinical testing is a challenge facing the spread of COVID-19. Most countries, including Indonesia, face the problem of lack of detection equipment and experts in diagnosing this disease. Chest X-Ray is one of the medical imaging techniques and also an alternative to identify the symptoms of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This study aims to identify pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and other diseases based on Chest X-Ray. 107 Chest X-Ray images used as material for this study were obtained from the General Hospital of Ibnu Sina Padang Indonesia, which consisted of 27 images of pneumonia caused by COVID-19, 51 images with other diseases and 29 images of normal lungs. Then pre-processing is carried out as an initial stage and then feature extraction is carried out. Furthermore, the learning and identification process is carried out using the Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. In this study, 92 images were used as training data, and 15 images were used as test data. The results of calculations carried out using a network with a pattern of 16-100-100-100-2 obtained an accuracy value of 73%. The results of the identification prediction can be used as consideration in establishing a diagnosis of COVID-19 sufferers, but cannot be used as an absolute reference.
Sistem Pakar dalam Menganalisis Defisiensi Nutrisi Tanaman Hidroponik Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Febrina Yerri Kurnia , Defit Sarjon , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi
Published: August 2021

Currently the Expert system has become a field of research for computer scientists as well as agricultural scientists for applications in various information development. The Expert System can be designed to simulate one or more of the ways an agricultural expert uses his knowledge and experience in making the diagnosis and passing on the necessary recommendations regarding nutritional deficiencies. Nutrient deficiency is a lack of food for survival in plants. The nutrient content of plant parts, especially the leaves, is very relevant to be used to identify nutritional deficiencies. Provide the results of a diagnosis of nutritional deficiency to farmers to be a benchmark for improving plant nutrients and providing good nutrition for hydroponic plants. The data used are nutritional deficiency data and symptoms as well as nutritional solutions obtained from farmer data at the Payakumbuh City Agriculture Office. The method used in this expert system is the Certainty Factor (CF) method. This method provides a diagnosis in the form of certainty or uncertainty of conditions in the rules used to conclude. The results of testing this method showed as many as 12 nutritional deficiencies were detected with 41 symptoms experienced. So that it can measure the level of nutritional deficiency that occurs. Expert System in Analyzing Hydroponic Plant Nutrient Deficiency Using Certainty Factor Method can show that predictions are almost 94% accurate.
Sistem Pakar dalam Menganalisis Gangguan Jiwa Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Putra Rafi Septiawan , Yuhandri Y
Published: August 2021

People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) as a trigger for people who suffer from disorders of thought, feeling and behavior cause changes in attitudes and behavior that hinder normal human functioning. Mental disorders as a syndrome characterized by a change in a person's behavior that will be associated with symptoms such as difficulties or disorders, as well as psychological functions and behavior that are not confident in dealing with people but can also be with that person. An expert system is an intelligent computer technology that is based on solving problems using inferential knowledge and procedures. As a problem solver, expert systems will also find it easier to make decisions or policies like humans do. This study aims to produce an expert system that is used to analyze mental disorders who can make similar decisions, as well as psychiatric specialists. The data processed in this study is scientific data on mental disorders ranging from types of mental illness, early symptoms of disease and patient diagnosis data by mental health specialists, then the data is processed using the Certainty Factor method and displayed in the form of a web-based application using the PHP programming language. and MySQL databases. The results obtained from testing the expert system using the Certainty Factor method show that there is a match between the results of an expert diagnosis of depression with a certainty level of 73%. An expert system for analyzing mental disorders using the Certainty Factor method can make it easier for sufferers to understand the type of mental disorder they are experiencing.
The Use of Ketamine as Therapy for Depression
Authors: Lovina Lovina
Published: September 2021

Depressive disorder is still a significant problem in several developed countries and is morbidity caused by mental disorders. With the development of science, now discovered the unique pharmacodynamic properties of ketamine, which is used as an antidepressant. As we know in clinical practice, ketamine is used for anaesthesia, analgesia, sedation, and chronic pain management. Rapid-onset antidepressants resulted from increased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Extracellular glutamate agents are not new for the treatment of depression. According to the neurobiology view, depression is a monoaminergic phenomenon, so this is the impetus for discovering a new generation of antidepressants. Ketamine can be given intravenously in subanesthetic doses. Still, monitoring must be carrying in therapy administration because of the possible side effects such as hypersalivation, tachycardia, increased systemic arterial pressure, and intracranial pressure.
Overview of Covid-19 Infection Manifestation in Neuropsychiatry Aspect
Authors: Fitriani Dianli
Published: September 2021

At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the corona virus infection pandemic. This virus began with reports of infections in the Wuhan area, China. The death rate from covid-19 infection can reach 3%; however, the mortality rate in critically ill patients with Covid infection is much higher, reaching 61.5%. The main manifestation of covid infection is respiratory tract infection. Corona virus can penetrate central nervous system) and cerebrospinal fluid in less than a week. Histopathological examination of the brain of the deceased Covid-19 showed the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to infect the central nervous system (CNS). Neuro-inflammation can also damage the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier). A number of patients treated with Cocid 19 infection exhibited symptoms of confusion and agitation in the absence of respiratory symptoms or other signs of infection. A recent survey in China showed that 35% of respondents reported psychological distress while 53.8% rated the psychological impact of the pandemic as moderate or severe. The existence of the Covid pandemic not only has a direct impact on infected individuals but has also caused a new wave of psychological stress in society. This study attempts to summarize the neuropsychiatric impact and neuropathological mechanisms of Covid 19 infection.
Broadcast Media Entertainment and Attitude Cultivation: A Study of Obscene Programme Viewership by College Students
Authors: Akinkoya Omoniyi F , Odetoyinbo Ayo C , Olaniran Taiwo A
Published: August 2021

This study examined broadcast media entertainment and attitude cultivation, a study of behavioural patterns of College Students. It is a survey designs study that investigated undergraduate communication students of The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State and Moshood Abiola Polytechnics, Ogun State. Systematic random sampling was adopted to select a sample size of three hundred (300) communication students of the two institutions as respondents for this study. Programmes such as films, soap operas and musicals, etcetera were units considered. The theoretical framework is premised on the cultivation theory and gratification theory. Its analysis was hinged on the simple percentage statistical calculation. The study outcome showed that youth crave satisfaction in the entertainment programmes they watch and that entertainment programmes like musical videos, foreign and local drama do portray obscenity which brings about delinquent behaviour in the younger generation. It was recommended that producers and directors of entertainment products should be conscious of young people who form the chunk of their audience to eliminate obscenity in programme production, while parents should control the level of media exposure of their wards