bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning and Creativity in Virtual Communities: Nurturing Entrepreneurial Intentions of Muslim Women
Authors: Khan Mohammad Furqan , Khurshid Shabana , Amin Faseeh , Saqib Natasha
Published: June 2022

In terms of information availability, talent acquisition and entrepreneurial education, female prospective entrepreneurs encounter several hurdles and inadequacies. This study investigates how social media learning might improve entrepreneurial learning and creativity among female learners. In summary, this article examines the impact of two critical activities in social media communities (knowledge sharing and social interaction) on entrepreneurial learning and creativity, which might develop entrepreneurial ambitions among Muslim female learners. The data were collected from 253 university and college female students who used social media for entrepreneurial learning. The structural equation modelling technique was used on 233 functional responses in the study. The study instrument’s reliability and validity were also evaluated through different statistical measures before hypotheses testing. The study findings exposed that both knowledge sharing and social interactivity influenced entrepreneurial learning and creativity separately. The study also revealed that entrepreneurial learning and creativity further influenced entrepreneurial intentions. This research reveals female learners’ entrepreneurship intentions, which can be advanced using social media learning in a developing region. The primary theoretical research contribution is the identification of essential activities in virtual entrepreneurial communities, which can enhance the learning and creativity of young female learners. However, further studies need to be carried out in other developing regions among other marginalized groups to generalize these findings. Both teaching faculties and policymakers should make effective use of social media for imparting entrepreneurial education among students, which would further lead to entrepreneurial intentions among them. The researchers argue that there is an imperative need to promote female entrepreneurship intentions, especially among Muslim women, to make them self-reliant and self-employed. This makes it essential to promote entrepreneurial learning and creativity among them, which are significant factors to foster entrepreneurial intentions. Thus, this study has provided an effective and cost-efficient manner of imparting entrepreneurial education to female learners aspiring to become entrepreneurs.
The source of the that-trace effect: New evidence from L2 English
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Goodall Grant
Published: June 2022

Recent approaches to the that-trace phenomenon in English include syntactic analyses based on the principle of Anti-locality and a sentence production analysis based on the Principle of End Weight. These analyses have many similarities, but they differ in their predictions for second language (L2) speakers. In an Anti-locality analysis, we expect L2 speakers to show a pattern very similar to first language (L1) speakers, with substantial degradation in acceptability for extraction of a subject from an embedded clause with that. In the Principle of End Weight analysis, we expect L2 speakers to display this same subject extraction degradation whether or not the embedded clause has that. A sentence acceptability experiment with L1 English speakers and two groups of L2 English speakers (L1 Korean and L1 Spanish) confirm the prediction of the Principle of End Weight analysis: the L1 speakers show degradation with subject extraction from a that-clause, while the L2 speakers do the same with clauses with and without that. These results form an interesting contrast with studies of island effects, which have generally found substantial L1~L2 similarities, and show how L2 data can be used as evidence to decide between competing analyses of L1 phenomena.
The most important components of out-of-hours community care for patients at the end of life: A Delphi study of healthcare professionals’ and patient and family carers’ perspectives
Authors: Goodrich Joanna , Tutt Lydia , Firth Alice M , Evans Catherine J , Murtagh Fliss EM , Harding Richard
Published: June 2022

Background:

Community services for palliative patients outside normal working hours are variable and the best evidence-based models of care have not been determined.

Aim:

To establish expert consensus on the most important components of out-of-hours community palliative care services.

Design:

Delphi study. The first round listed 68 components generated from systematic literature reviewing, focus groups with healthcare professionals and input from the project’s patient and public involvement advisory group. The components deemed ‘essential’ by over 70% of participants in the first round were refined and carried forward to a second round, asking participants to rank each on a five-point Likert scale (5 highest to 1 lowest). The consensus threshold was median of 4 to 5 and interquartile range of ⩽1.

Participants:

Community specialist palliative care health professionals, generalist community health professionals and patients and family carers with experience of receiving care out-of-hours at home.

Results:

Fifty-four participants completed round 1, and 44 round 2. Forty-five components met the threshold as most important for providing out-of-hours care, with highest consensus for: prescription, delivery and administration of medicines; district and community nurse visits; and shared electronic patient records and advance care plans.

Conclusions:

The Delphi method identified the most important components to provide community palliative care for patients out-of-hours, which are often provided by non-specialist palliative care professionals. The importance placed on the integration and co-ordination with specialist palliative care through shared electronic records and advance care plans demonstrates the reassurance for patients and families of being known to out-of-hours services.
Cerebral ischemia in the developing brain
Authors: Dietz Robert M , Dingman Andra L , Herson Paco S
Published: June 2022

Brain ischemia affects all ages, from neonates to the elderly population, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Multiple preclinical rodent models involving different ages have been developed to investigate the effect of ischemia during different times of key brain maturation events. Traditional models of developmental brain ischemia have focused on rodents at postnatal day 7–10, though emerging models in juvenile rodents (postnatal days 17–25) indicate that there may be fundamental differences in neuronal injury and functional outcomes following focal or global cerebral ischemia at different developmental ages, as well as in adults. Here, we consider the timing of injury in terms of excitation/inhibition balance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, blood brain barrier integrity, and white matter injury. Finally, we review translational strategies to improve function after ischemic brain injury, including new ideas regarding neurorestoration, or neural repair strategies that restore plasticity, at delayed time points after ischemia.
Upregulation of ribosome complexes at the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Suzuki Masayoshi , Tezuka Kenta , Handa Takumi , Sato Risa , Takeuchi Hina , Takao Masaki , Tano Mitsutoshi , Uchida Yasuo
Published: June 2022

The cerebrovascular-specific molecular mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was investigated by employing comprehensive and accurate quantitative proteomics. Highly purified brain capillaries were isolated from cerebral gray and white matter of four AD and three control donors, and examined by SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra) proteomics. Of the 29 ribosomal proteins that were quantified, 28 (RPLP0, RPL4, RPL6, RPL7A, RPL8, RPL10A, RPL11, RPL12, RPL14, RPL15, RPL18, RPL23, RPL27, RPL27A, RPL31, RPL35A, RPS2, RPS3, RPS3A, RPS4X, RPS7, RPS8, RPS14, RPS16, RPS20, RPS24, RPS25, and RPSA) were significantly upregulated in AD patients. This upregulation of ribosomal protein expression occurred only in brain capillaries and not in brain parenchyma. The protein expression of protein processing and N-glycosylation-related proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (DDOST, STT3A, MOGS, GANAB, RPN1, RPN2, SEC61B, UGGT1, LMAN2, and SSR4) were also upregulated in AD brain capillaries and was correlated with the expression of ribosomal proteins. The findings reported herein indicate that the ribosome complex, the subsequent protein processing and N-glycosylation-related processes are significantly and specifically upregulated in the brain capillaries of AD patients.
Predictive value of intravoxel incoherent motion combined with diffusion kurtosis imaging for breast cancer axillary lymph node metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Chen Yueqin , Zhao Fan , Sun Zhanguo , Zhu Laimin , Yu Hao , Wang Weiwei
Published: June 2022

Background

Non-invasive imaging technologies for assessing axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis of breast cancer are needed in clinical practice.

Purpose

To explore the clinical value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) for predicting ALN metastasis of breast cancer.

Material and Methods

A total of 194 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer who underwent IVIM and DKI examination were reviewed retrospectively. The IVIM derived parameters of D, D*, and f and DKI-derived parameters of MD and MK were measured. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the parameters between the ALN metastasis and non-ALN metastasis groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed.

Results

The D and MD in the ALN metastasis group were significantly lower than those in the non-ALN metastasis group ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The D*, f, and MK were higher in the ALN metastasis group than in the non-ALN metastasis group ( P = 0.015, P  = 0.014, and P  = 0.001, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of D (0.768) was highest. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of both IVIM and DKI were higher than that of the conventional MRI ( P = 0.002, P = 0.048). The diagnostic efficiency of IVIM + DKI were higher than that of the IVIM or DKI alone ( P = 0.021, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

IVIM and DKI can be used for predicting breast cancer ALN metastasis with D as the most meaningful parameter.
Overview of control strategies for wind turbines: ANNC, FLC, SMC, BSC, and PI controllers
Authors: Yessef Mourad , Bossoufi Badre , Taoussi Mohammed , Lagrioui Ahmed , Chojaa Hamid
Published: June 2022

The design of robust and precise control of obtaining maximum power yield is an important area of research in wind engineering. In the context of maximizing the amount of power extraction in wind energy conversion systems (WECS), this research work proposes and evaluates five MPPT algorithms. These types are respectively a proportional integral controller (PI), a non-linear control based on sliding modes (SMC), a backstepping approach (BSC), a control using artificial intelligence based on neural network (ANNC), and a fuzzy logic control (FLC). Two different wind profiles, a step wind profile and a real wind profile, were considered for the comparative study. The response time, dynamic error percentage, and static error percentage were the quantitative parameters compared, and the qualitative parameters included set-point tracking and precision. This test demonstrated the superiority of the ANNC controller with an error static that not exceed 0.39% and a response time ~0.0024 seconds.
Reflections on Mentorship From Scientists and Mentors in an Alzheimer’s Disease Focused Research Training Program
Authors: Johnson Christiana L. , Friedman Daniela B. , Ingram Lucy A. , Ford Marvella E. , McCrary-Quarles Audrey , Dye Cheryl J. , Miller Margaret C. , Ariyo Oluwole , Bagasra Omar , Chen Hongtu , McCollum Quentin , Levkoff Sue E.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents reflections on mentorship from scientists and mentors of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-funded Carolina Center on Alzheimer’s Disease and Minority Research (CCADMR). Using a network approach to mentoring, this program aims to increase the pipeline of underrepresented minority (URM) scientists studying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disparities. Six mentors and five scientists participated in interviews. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes; transcripts of mentors and scientists were compared. Most common thematic categories identified by mentors included experience interacting with scientists, goals as a mentor, recruitment of underrepresented minorities, scientists’ challenges, and programmatic qualities. The most mentioned categories by scientists were challenges, seminars, working with mentors, career development, and project experience. The CCADMR will use findings to enhance the experience and training methods for future grant years. Results can benefit other training programs focused on aging and AD.
Environmental pressures and pro-government militias: Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Eastin Joshua , Zech Steven T
Published: June 2022

This study analyzes whether climate disasters and climate-induced food scarcities influence individuals’ willingness to fight for the state in a pro-government militia in the Philippines. We find that experiencing a disaster or subsistence loss corresponds to an increased willingness to join, even when accounting for other prominent explanations in the literature. This outcome, we argue, reflects the impact of climate change on the opportunity costs of conflict participation, especially in regions dependent on agriculture for income and food production, as diminished livelihood opportunities and subsistence resource access increase the viability of conflict participation as a strategy for livelihood diversification.
Agribusiness Organizing in the Philippine South: The Intertextual Power Play of Weather and Market Agencies
Authors: Tañongon Crina E.
Published: June 2022

This paper shows how an agribusiness in a remote agrarian village in the Philippines has been organized in traditional ways amid technological advancements and the free market. The paper draws on the Montreal School’s CCO approach, which holds that organizing begins at the level of interaction and that nonhumans make a difference in social formation. Through analyzing the text exchanges between farm actors, the paper surfaces the agencies of the most ventriloquized agricultural actants within their talks. Imagined in Bakhtin’s dialogical world, multiple voices were made to interplay across time and space creating tensions, on one hand, and facilitating the assimilation of similar qualities of ideologically differing voices, on the other. This paper stresses that the ideological difference of interplaying voices can be blurred in the process of assimilation or in the constitution of an organization. The “intertextual play of power” of multiple voices offers a postcolonial perspective in examining power in organization studies.
Determinants of Physical Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life among Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jun , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen , Jung Hailey H.
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To examine risk and protective factors predicting physical functioning and physical and psychological health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: This study analyzed longitudinal data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study with a sub-sample of 855 SGM older adults who reported difficulties in cognitive performance. Results: Physical functioning and HRQOL linearly declined over time, and the decline of physical functioning was steeper for those with low levels of physical and outdoor leisure activities. The overall levels of physical functioning and HRQOL over time were associated with physical and outdoor leisure activities, optimal sleep, and sufficient food intake. HRQOL was negatively associated with lifetime discrimination and victimization, identity stigma, and smaller social network. Discussion: These findings can be used to develop interventions to improve physical functioning and HRQOL of SGM older adults living with cognitive impairment.
Genomic Medicine in Periodontal Disease: Old Issue, New Insights
Authors: Gonçalves-Anjo Nuno , Requicha João , Teixeira Andreia , Dias Isabel , Viegas Carlos , Bastos Estela
Published: June 2022

Genetic variability is the main cause of phenotypic variation. Some variants may be associated with several diseases and can be used as risk biomarkers, identifying animals with higher susceptibility to develop the pathology. Genomic medicine uses this genetic information for risk calculation, clinical diagnosis and prognosis, allowing the implementation of more effective preventive strategies and/or personalized therapies. Periodontal disease (PD) is the inflammation of the periodontium induced mainly by bacterial plaque and is the leading cause of tooth loss. Microbial factors are responsible for the PD initiation; however, several studies support the genetic influence on the PD progression. The main purpose of the present publication is to highlight the main steps involved in the genomic medicine applied to veterinary patients, describing the flowchart from the characterization of the genetic variants to the identification of potential associations with specific clinical data. After investigating which genes might potentially be implicated in canine PD, the RANK gene, involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, was selected to illustrate this approach. A case-control study was performed using DNA samples from a population of 90 dogs – 50 being healthy and 40 with PD. This analysis allowed for the discovery of four new intronic variations that were banked in GenBank (g.85A>G, g.151G>T, g.268A>G and g.492T>C). The results of this study are not intended to be applied exclusively to PD. On the contrary, this genetic information is intended to be used by other researchers as a foundation for the development of multiple applications in the veterinary clinical field.
Beyond ‘rescue’ or ‘responsibilisation’ within girls’ empowerment programmes: Notes on recovering agency from the Global South
Authors: Maithreyi R , Pujar Ashwini , Ramanaik Satyanarayana , H L Mohan
Published: June 2022

Girls’ empowerment programmes have been celebrated as the ‘Smarter Economics’ of pulling girls and families out of poverty; and critiqued as neoliberal strategies for ‘delivering gendered equality through responsibilised selves. These oppositional accounts, conceptualised within institutions of the Global North, present girls as ‘victims’ in different ways, adopting narrow, liberal conceptions of agency and empowerment. Analysing a girls’ empowerment programme from south India, we argue that agency is a relational quality embedded within social relationships. Based on this understanding, we present the ethical need and possibilities for going beyond frameworks that individualise empowerment and position it as ‘rescue’ and ‘responsibilisation.’
Butted friction stir forming of AA6061-T6 to low carbon steel
Authors: Strawn Connor , Strauss Alvin M
Published: June 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a popular method for creating dissimilar material joints in the aerospace and automotive industries. This work proposes a new FSW derivative process: butted friction stir forming (BFSF). BFSF has the distinction of joining two abutting workpieces to a lapped third workpiece. Additionally, the process does not require modification to traditional FSW equipment and tooling. In this study, BFSF combines two workpieces of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 in a butt weld configuration throughout the process. As the FSW tool traverses, it travels over preformed, threaded holes in low carbon ASTM A36 hot rolled steel at regular spacing. Downward force combined with the stirring action of the tool displaces material into the hole, filling the threads and forming a mechanical interlock. Testing of various screw sizes and thread pitches allowed the determination of the optimal joint configuration. Aluminum die-cut bolts of each size established a point of comparison for base material strength. Of the sizes tested, the ANSI metric M profile M9-1.25 screw had the highest mechanical strength. In cross-tensile testing, the average failure load was 3915 N. Shear testing produced a failure load of 5749 N. The M9-1.25 formed screws had a 33.6% decrease in strength compared to the die-cut bolts. While this strength reduction is higher than is often experienced in traditional FSW, the results of this study are a valid proof of concept for further development in BFSF methods.
Democratising science in deliberative systems: Mobilising lay expertise against industry waste dumping in Taiwan
Authors: Fan Mei-Fang
Published: June 2022

Research on the science–policy interaction that happens in deliberative systems is limited. Drawing on concepts of democratisation of science and deliberation, this study used the case of dumping industrial waste on farmland in Taiwan to explore how local activists and non-governmental organisations contribute to knowledge production, democratising science and the epistemic–ethical–democratic functions for deliberative systems. The research methods used are documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. Local activists problematise official knowledge claims and its validation, deploy situated experiential expertise and engage directly in their own knowledge practices. Local activists and civic organisations play versatile roles in connecting the related networked institutions and intertwined spheres of deliberative systems. Civic activism engages in democratising science and participates in shaping policymaking, leading to the amendment of the Waste Disposal Act.
Changes in stiffness at active myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius after dry needling in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Sánchez-Jorge Sandra , Buffet-García Jorge , Varol Umut , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Álvarez-González Javier
Published: June 2022

Background/objective:

Since, to our knowledge, the effects of dry needling (DN) on active myofascial trigger point (MTrP) stiffness have not been analyzed previously with shear wave elastography (SWE), our aim was to compare the effects of a single session of DN and sham DN applied to the most active MTrP located in the upper trapezius muscle on clinical outcomes.

Methods:

A randomized, double-blinded sham-controlled trial was conducted; 60 patients were randomized into an experimental (DN) or sham (sham DN) group. Baseline data including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. SWE and pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) at the MTrP and a control point located 3 cm laterally were the main outcomes assessed before and 10 min after the interventions.

Results:

Patients receiving DN interventions experienced greater increases in the control point PPTs immediately after receiving the intervention compared with sham DN ( p < 0.05), but no differences were found for the MTrP ( p > 0.05). Post-intervention PPT improvements were found at both locations for both groups ( p < 0.01). No significant changes for either MTrP or control locations were found for SWE outcomes in either group (all ps > 0.05). No significant within-group SWE differences were found in the DN or sham DN groups ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

A single session of DN or sham DN applied to active MTrPs located in the upper trapezius muscle produced no detectable changes in stiffness at the MTrP or control locations. Real DN induced an immediate analgesic response at both MTrP and control locations, while sham DN induced an immediate MTrP response.

Trial registration number:

NCT04832074 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Spousal Family Planning Communication Dynamics in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Zelalem Desalew , Worku Alemayehu , Alemayehu Tadese , Dessie Yadeta
Published: June 2022

Background:

Previous experiences show that family planning programs have focused on women’s attitudes, behaviours and determinants ignoring the role of men. This lack of active involvement and approval of husbands to family planning often hampers effective and continuous use of family planning methods. Couples can make better reproductive decisions if they discuss family planning matters more openly and frequently. The objective of this study was to assess the level of spousal family planning communication in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 kebeles of Harar Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System. A total of 2,700 currently married couples of whose wives were in the reproductive age participated in the study. The selection of the study participants was made using simple random sampling, and data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using Stata version 12.

Results:

The level of spousal family planning communication was high (89.6%) (95% CI, 89%, 91%). However, the level of effective spousal family planning communication was low (38%) (95% CI, 36%, 40%). Frequency of spousal family planning communication was also very low, that is, 8.6% women and 8.4% men reported frequent communication. The major reasons for absence of spousal family planning communication were religious prohibition, belief that it is not necessary to discuss about family planning and cultural taboos.

Conclusion:

Policies and programmes aimed at promoting family planning should give due emphasis for men and husband-wife effective communication about family planning. Family planning information, education and communication programmes should be strengthened.
Design and validation of a hardware-in-the-loop test bench for evaluating the performance of an active mass damper
Authors: Rosti Matteo , Cii Stefano , Bussini Alberto , Calvi Paolo M. , Ripamonti Francesco
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative solution for evaluating the performance of a full-scale Active Mass Damper (AMD). The AMD adopted is a custom hydraulic actuator, developed for active control of existing buildings against earthquakes. For vibration control, a sky-hook algorithm was implemented. Its characteristics ensure good robustness, which is fundamental in structural engineering since buildings are subjected to significant variation in dynamic properties in presence of damage or ambient conditions. A Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) test bench was specifically designed to simulate the actual working condition of the anti-seismic system. The HIL setup consists of a shaking table moved by a hydraulic actuator in accordance with the roof’s displacement, evaluated using a structural numerical model of the building to which the AMD is fixed. The presence of two distinct active systems (HIL and AMD) could generate control issues; therefore, a Triple Variable Control logic was introduced to reduce the interaction delay. The effectiveness of the proposed AMD is validated comparing the roof’s displacement in an uncontrolled structure with that in a controlled one. Also, the robustness of the control algorithm was verified using a non-linear structural model and applying seismic excitation at different intensities.
A uniform framework for the dynamic behavior of linearized anisotropic elastic rods
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Pruchnicki Erick , Dai Hui-Hui , Yu Xiang
Published: June 2022

A uniform framework for the dynamic behavior of a rod composed of a linearized anisotropic material is constructed based on an asymptotic reduction method. Taylor–Young series expansions of the displacement vector and stress tensor are adopted at the beginning. By substituting the series expansions into the three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium equations and the lateral traction condition followed by proper manipulations, four scalar rod equations are obtained for the leading-order displacement vector and the twist angle of the central line. The associated one-dimensional (1D) boundary conditions are obtained through the virtual work principle. One key feature of the present theory is the establishment of recursive relations so that most of the unknowns from the expansion can be eliminated. Also, all the remainders are retained, so the pointwise error estimate of the equations is established. One important advantage of the present theory is that no ad hoc assumption on the forms of displacement and external loading is adopted. Therefore, the rod theory provides a uniform framework to study dynamic behaviors. As an illustrative example, the natural vibration of a linearized isotropic rod with fixed-free boundary conditions is studied. The natural frequency is calculated by applying this uniform framework for the bending, torsional, and longitudinal modes. The obtained results are compared with those of the 3D simulations, Euler–Bernoulli, and Timoshenko beam theories. It turns out that the present theory is accurate enough for moderate and long rods in the bending vibration, and provides explicit results with high accuracy for either long or short rods in torsional and longitudinal vibrations.
Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review
Authors: Davy Gemma , Unwin Katy L , Barbaro Josephine , Dissanayake Cheryl
Published: June 2022

Parenting an autistic child can reduce the time parents have to participate in their own interests, but the impact this has on caregiver quality of life is not well understood. The aim in undertaking this scoping review was to examine and describe current research about occupational participation and quality of life among parents of autistic children. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension guidelines, a comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted with a systematic selection process resulting in a final set of 70 articles. These included publications related to leisure, community and employment occupations, and quality of life in parents and caregivers of autistic children or children with additional needs. The review revealed the impact of caregiving demands and challenges in raising an autistic child that often take priority over the caregiver’s own needs and desires, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Gaps were identified in the literature on parental occupations and the relationship with quality of life among caregivers of autistic children, particularly fathers. Further investigation into caregiving experiences and examination of the relationship between parental occupations and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children is needed, as the findings can inform the development of suitable supports for them.

Lay abstract

We searched a wide range of academic journals for published information on the participation levels of caregivers of autistic children in activities relating to leisure, social, community and employment contexts, and the impact that participation may have on caregiver quality of life. Overall, we found that the impact of parenting an autistic child is broad with caregivers often prioritising their child’s needs over their own, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Findings also highlighted a need for further research to investigate the experience of caregivers, and the relationship between participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children, as the results can inform the development of better supports for them.
Knowledge of psychology in Cambodia: Exploring the relationships to demographics, psychopathology, and idioms of distress
Authors: Kelley Amber N. , Seponski Desiree M. , Khann Sareth , Lahar Cindy , Kao Sovandara , Schunert Tanja E.
Published: June 2022

Rates of mental health disorders in Cambodia are markedly higher than in other low- or middle-income countries. Despite these high rates, mental healthcare resources remain scarce and mental health stigma is pervasive, particularly for vulnerable populations of young women and individuals of low socioeconomic status. To address this gap, teaching Western mental health treatments and using a mental healthcare framework are recommended within the Cambodian context. However, Western frameworks do not address cultural syndromes or idioms of distress and operate from an individualistic perspective that does not address cultural values and beliefs. The present study employs a mental health literacy framework in an exploratory analysis of rates of psychological knowledge in a nationally representative sample of Cambodian adults (N = 2,690). To address recommendations for increasing mental healthcare, we designed a survey to investigate Cambodians’ knowledge about mental health constructs. Results indicated that only 18.9% of Cambodians knew about psychology, and chi-square analyses revealed that women, individuals in rural areas, and individuals with significant distress due to cultural symptoms and syndromes reported knowing about psychology significantly less than their male and non-distressed counterparts. Additionally, those who reported higher income and higher levels of education indicated significantly higher rates of psychological knowledge, as did those with clinically significant rates of PTSD, at a rate of knowledge approaching significance. Implications for this study include the need to tailor interventions and resources to vulnerable populations, to assess the fit of current recommendations for the Cambodian context, and to further emphasize the need for culturally responsive interventions that address all presentations of Cambodian distress and align with understandings of mental health within the nation.
Assessment of high-velocity impact effects on carbon fiber reinforced polymer sandwich panel with M-shaped core reinforced by nano-SiO2: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Khaledi Himan , Rostamiyan Yasser
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the high-velocity impact behavior of composite sandwich panels with different amounts of nano-SiO2. The sandwich panels were manufactured by carbon/fiber epoxy composite face sheets and an M-shaped core using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method. To enhance the mechanical strength of the matrix, especially impact resistance, the nanoparticles were added to the resin epoxy matrix as filler with the ratios of 1%, 2%, and 3% of the composite's total weight. A scanning electron microscope was utilized to observe the microscopic structure of the composites, and it revealed an exceptional homogeneous mixture of nano-SiO2 particles in the resin epoxy matrix. Afterward, high-velocity impact tests were carried out using a single-stage gas gun test machine. A spherical steel projectile with a diameter of 8.7 mm was used for the test with a speed of 235 m/s. The experimental results indicated that adding 1–3 wt% of nano-SiO2 into the matrix remarkably increased the impact resistance of the composite. Moreover, the results showed that when the projectile collides with the core of the sandwich panel, it remains in the sandwich panel and its output velocity becomes zero, while when the projectile does not collide with the core, its output velocity is not zero. In order to validate the results, the experimental data were compared to the finite element models, and good agreement was observed.
Effects of intake charge temperature and relative air-fuel ratio on the deterministic characteristics of cyclic combustion dynamics of a HCCI engine
Authors: Singh Ajay , Maurya Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion can significantly reduce automotive pollution and increase the thermal efficiency of the engine. However, combustion phasing control is a major challenge in HCCI engines due to severe cyclic combustion variations. This study investigates the cyclic combustion dynamics of the HCCI engine using nonlinear dynamic methods such as return maps, recurrence plots (RPs), and recurrence quantitative analysis (RQA). Combustion stability and cyclic variations of HCCI combustion parameters were investigated on a modified four-stroke diesel engine. The experiments were conducted by varying relative air-fuel ratios ([Formula: see text]) and intake air temperatures ([Formula: see text]) at two engine speeds. In-cylinder pressure data of 2000 consecutive engine combustion cycles is logged for each test condition. In this study, deterministic characteristics of combustion phasing (CA50) and crank angle position of maximum cylinder pressure ([Formula: see text]) are investigated and compared by employing nonlinear dynamical methods. Return maps revealed that [Formula: see text] is having distinct and more frequently observed deterministic characteristics in comparison to CA50. Patterns in RPs showed a more persistent and sudden change in the combustion dynamics at higher engine speeds. Recurrence plot-based analysis found the existence of deterministic features in the combustion dynamics irrespective of the operating conditions. It was found using RQA parameters that the deterministic nature becomes stronger with a decrease in [Formula: see text] and any deviation in intermediate values of [Formula: see text]. Additionally, RQA measures advocate that CA50 has more deterministic characteristics at higher engine speed while [Formula: see text] at lower engine speed. Strong coupling and synchronization between [Formula: see text] and CA50 is indicated by cross-recurrence plots and CPR index when engine operated with a comparatively richer mixture.
A Question of Gender: Gender classification in international research
Authors: Cartwright Trixie , Nancarrow Clive
Published: June 2022

The research community acknowledges that in many countries and cultures there is greater recognition of the diversity of genders with which people identify. In this paper we define and discuss the categories of “sex”, “gender” and related categories and how research participants might identify themselves within these categories. We discuss methods researchers use to classify participants. We examine in depth the principal method the research community uses, namely “asking questions”, but we also cover techniques based on observation. We evaluate the possible formats of questions – the introductory question posed, the response options, and, where appropriate, offer suggestions. We note the implications for international research, especially in countries where diversity and associated inclusivity are not yet recognised. The need for research in different cultures is recommended. We note the consequences and implications of adopting or not adopting questions that recognise diversity.
What (if anything) is ideological about ideal theory?
Authors: Stahl Titus
Published: June 2022

It is sometimes argued that ideal theories in political philosophy are a form of ideology. This article examines arguments building on the work of Charles Mills and Raymond Geuss for the claim that ideal theories are cognitively distorting belief systems that have the effect of stabilizing unjust social arrangements. I argue that Mills and Geuss neither succeed in establishing that the content of ideal theories is necessarily cognitively defective in the way characteristic for ideologies, nor can they make plausible which mechanisms ensure the alleged negative effects of the widespread acceptance of ideal theorizing. This does not mean that all hope is lost for the ideology objection, however. By turning to a second Marxian model of ideology, I argue that the ideological character of ideal theories is not so much a matter of their content, but rather of their form. Ideal theories falsely present the normative concepts that they use as semantically practice-independent and thereby block potential challenges from subordinate groups to dominant ideologies. It is therefore not the normative content of ideal theories which proves to be objectionable, but the particular role their concepts play in wider political discourse.
Lighting measurement with a 360° panoramic camera: Part 2 – Applications
Authors: Li H , Cai H
Published: June 2022

This study developed a 360° field of view (FOV) lighting measurement method with the aid of the Ricoh Theta Z1 panoramic camera. As versatile lighting information from all viewing directions within 360° FOV can be retrieved from a single 360° high dynamic range image, this new method improves the lighting measurement efficiency. Potential unique applications are reported in the present paper as Part 2 of this study. Corresponding lighting information covers a 360° luminance map, a 360° coefficient of variation map of luminance (CVL), a 360° luminance contrast ( C1) map or ratio ( Cr1) map between any interested target located at the viewing direction and its near background, a 360° luminance contrast ( C2) map or ratio ( Cr2) map between the same target and the ambient environment and a 360° illuminance map and its single coefficient of variation of illuminance (CVE) value of all illuminances on the illuminance map. All lighting information is measured at the same point with 360° viewing directions to analyse the uniformity and continuity of the lighting environment. An angular distance weighted illuminance calibration is used to correct possible mismatched white balance of the front and rear camera lenses in a scenario with multiple light sources of dramatically different Correlated Colour Temperature (CCTs). All customized camera-control and data treatment programs, including MATLAB code and Python programs, are uploaded to the project GitHub site for online sharing.
Pneumonia and concealed pulmonary embolism: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sadeq Ahmed Mohammed , Khalid Farooqui Mohammed , Sadiq Youseef
Published: June 2022

Pneumonia is one of the illnesses for which pulmonary embolism (PE) is most often mistaken because of the considerable overlap in their clinical picture. Moreover, pneumonia may occasionally mask PE, particularly in patients with predominant systemic symptoms such as fever, and with no evidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or trauma. In this report, we presented a 35-year-old male patient with pneumonia and PE in whom pneumonia initially masked the diagnosis of PE. The patient presented with fever, productive cough associated with streaks of blood and pleuritic chest pain for 3 days duration, and was admitted as a case of lobar pneumonia based on his clinical presentation as well as on chest X-ray and non-enhanced computed tomography chest. He had an initial improvement in response to antibiotics; however, during his follow-up at the clinic, he appeared sick, complaining of right-sided persistent pleuritic chest pain and persistent cough, occasionally associated with streaks of blood and breathlessness on exertion. The patient was readmitted and PE was confirmed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Anticoagulation initiated with noticeable clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering PE in patients with pneumonia when there was an initial therapeutic response followed by worsening of the condition during the treatment of pneumonia.
Alternative Application Technique for the MANTA Vascular Closure Device for Percutaneous Large-Bore Arterial Access Closure: The Fluoroscopic DOT Technique
Authors: Memon Sehrish , Goldman Scott , Rodriguez Roberto , Ramlawi Basel , Coady Paul M. , Gnall Eric M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Vascular complications are a cause of increased morbidity and mortality when performing percutaneous procedures requiring large-bore arterial access. MANTA vascular closure device (VCD) is currently the only large-bore VCD using an intraluminal foot plate and an extraluminal collagen plug. The traditional depth locator approach might be compromised in; emergent cases without the required measurements, cases of hematoma formation, or other patient, procedure, or operator-specific variables. Furthermore, this technique can be used for postclosure in cases without the required measurement of depth. We describe vascular outcomes using fluoroscopy (fluoroscopic DOT technique) rather than traditional depth locator approach for vascular closure with the MANTA VCD.

Methods:

Fifty patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) were retrospectively analyzed using fluoroscopic DOT technique with 18F MANTA VCD between May and August 2021. All patients >18 years of age who qualified for transfemoral TAVI were included. Access was obtained with ultrasound guidance with vessel diameter of at least > 6 mm and free from anterior vessel wall calcification. Patient related factors and primary outcomes of access site bleeding and acute flow-limited limb ischemia requiring intervention were prospectively analyzed. Furthermore, 1 patient who failed hemostasis with suture-mediated VCD had successful hemostasis with fluoroscopic DOT technique as dry postclosure after balloon aortic valvuloplasty.

Results:

In total, 50 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 81 years and majority were male (56%). Majority had comorbidities of hypertension (88%) and hyperlipidemia (94%), 24% had peripheral arterial disease, 38% coronary artery disease, and 58% were former smokers. Importantly, 40% were obese with an average body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2. There were no bleeding or ischemic limb complications post MANTA VCD deployment using the fluoroscopic DOT technique. Furthermore, none of the patients required peripheral intervention from index procedure to 1 month post verified during their 1-month post TAVR follow-up.

Conclusion:

Fluoroscopic DOT technique using the MANTA VCD is highly reproducible and allows hemostasis in a predictable manner for procedures requiring large-bore arterial access in the absence of MANTA depth measurement.
An intelligent fault diagnosis framework based on piecewise aggregate approximation, statistical moments, and sparse autoencoder
Authors: Prasad Akash , Dantreliya Chirag , Chande Mayank , Chauhan Vedant , Rai Akhand
Published: June 2022

Rotating machines (RMs) have vast applicability in almost all the industries in mechanical domain. Rolling element bearings (RBs) are the key elements to ensure that the RMs perform efficiently. RBs are highly prone to wear and tear which could have devastating consequences such as massive economic losses and accidents. In the past, many time-domain based condition-indicators such as root mean square (RMS), skewness and kurtosis, etc. have been proposed by researchers to diagnose the bearing faults and prevent RM failures. However, they are often insensitive to early stage faults, affected by outliers and possess poor degradation tracking characteristics. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel statistical feature extraction technique called as multiscale statistical moment (MSM) analysis, in combination with sparse autoencoder to detect the incipient faults as well as track the progression of wear. Firstly, the vibration signal are acquired from the bearings to be monitored. Secondly, the MSM features are extracted from the vibration signals. Thirdly, the MSM features corresponding to normal conditions are utilized to train the sparse autoencoder network. Fourthly, the MSM features corresponding to test conditions are supplied to the pre-trained sparse autoencoder model. The MSM technique offers the advantage that it extracts the fault properties contained in multiple time-scales of the vibration signals instead of a single time-scale only. Finally, the dissimilarity between the actual and predicted output is measured to obtain the bearing health indicator (BHI). The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested BHI detects the faults at early stages, possess better sensitivity and trends the bearing degradation more accurately as compared to the traditional techniques such as RMS, kurtosis, and BHI obtained with statistical moment features at single-scale only.