bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bread as a Valuable Raw Material in Craft Ale Beer Brewing
Authors: Martin-Lobera Carlos , Aranda Fernando , Lozano-Martinez Patricia , Caballero Isabel , Blanco Carlos
Published: September 2022

One of the ingredients used for brewing is barley, which should be malted; it is considered the most polluting agricultural input. On the other hand, food wastage is today a widespread problem that causes significant environmental damage and also generates large economic losses worldwide. One of the most wasted food products is bread; it is estimated that hundreds of tons of bread are wasted every day worldwide. In this study, the brewing of ale beers with bread was carried out. For this purpose, up to 50% of the malt weight was replaced by different types of bread: wheat bread, whole wheat bread, rye bread, and corn bread. A physicochemical and sensory comparison was made with 100% malt ale beer. All beers brewed with bread had an alcoholic strength similar to that of the control beer, except the corn beer. Beers brewed with whole grain bread showed a higher antioxidant capacity and a higher total polyphenol content. The sensory analysis presented different profiles depending on the type of bread; in general, the addition of bread created a greater olfactory intensity in nose. Thus, it was found that it is possible to brew beer with bread substituting up to 50% of the malt. In addition, it was also shown that the beer brewed with whole wheat bread had similar characteristics to the control beer, even improving some beneficial health properties, representing a great advantage for the brewing industry all over the world.
Protective Effects of Several Common Amino Acids, Vitamins, Organic Acids, Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids against Hepatocyte Damage Caused by Alcohol
Authors: Wang Yashen , Zhang Nanhai , Zhou Jingxuan , Sun Peng , Zhao Liang , Zhou Feng
Published: September 2022

With the increase in alcohol consumption, more and more people are suffering from alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate the pathogenesis of ALD from the aspects of alcohol metabolism and harm. In this study, we established an alcoholic liver injury model in vitro by inducing L02 cells with different concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Results showed that the metabolism of ethanol can promote the content of ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase 3, causing oxidative and inflammatory stress and membrane permeability changes. However, unmetabolized ethanol and acetaldehyde had little effect on cell membrane permeability and inflammation, indicating that ethanol metabolites were the main reason for cell membrane damage. We also evaluated the effects of amino acids (taurine and methionine), vitamins (E and vitamin D), organic acids (malic acid and citric acid), flavonoids (rutin and quercetin), and phenolic acids (ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid) on alcohol-induced cell membrane damage of L02 cells. Chlorogenic acid, taurine, vitamin E, and citric acid had remarkable effects on improving cell membrane damage. Malic acid, rutin, quercetin, and ferulic acid had obvious therapeutic effects, while vitamin D and methionine had poor therapeutic effects. The relationship between the structure and effect of active ingredients can be further studied to reveal the mechanism of action, and monomers can be combined to explore whether there is a synergistic effect between functional components, in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the actual study of liver protection.
Contribution of Lipids to the Flavor of Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Maillard Reaction Products
Authors: Xin Ran , Ma Lixin , Liu Rong , Huang Xuhui , Fu Baoshang , Dong Xiuping , Qin Lei
Published: September 2022

Lipid oxidation and the Maillard reaction are two of the most important reactions affecting the flavor of foods that have been heat-processed. To investigate the contribution of lipids to the mussel’s flavor, the mussel’s Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared with polar lipids (mainly phospholipids) and nonpolar lipids (mainly glycerides), respectively. The effects of polar and nonpolar lipids on the flavor of the MRPs were investigated by sensory evaluation, electronic tongue, electronic nose, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). From the sensory evaluation results, the polar lipid MRPs had the highest scores. The tastes of polar lipid MRPs and nonpolar lipid MRPs were mainly umami, saltiness and sourness, and there were significant differences in their sour tastes. The flavor compounds in the MRPs were mainly inorganic sulfides, organic sulfides and nitrogen oxides. The odor of polar lipid MRPs was stronger than that of nonpolar lipid MRPs, and the seafood flavor was more obvious. A total of 37 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS, mainly aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. The addition of polar lipids helped the MRPs to produce more volatile compounds. A total of 177 non-volatile compounds (including amino acids and their derivatives and oligopeptides, etc.) were detected in the samples using UPLC-MS. The non-volatile compounds contained in the no-lipid MRPs, polar lipid MRPs and nonpolar lipid MRPs were significantly different. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the production of mussel MRPs.
Metabolomic Analysis on the Mechanism of Nanoselenium Biofortification Improving the Siraitia grosvenorii Nutritional and Health Value
Authors: Zhou Chunran , Zhang Jingbang , Wu Yangliu , Cheng Haiyan , Pang Qiuling , Xiao Yuanhui , Li Dong , Pan Canping
Published: September 2022

Nanoselenium (nano-Se) foliar application is crucial for enhancing plant health. However, the mechanism by which nano-Se biofortification promotes the nutritional components of Siraitia grosvenorii remains unclear. In this study, nano-Se foliar application increased the carbohydrate and amino acid contents, including glucose (23.6%), fructose (39.7%), sucrose (60.6%), tryptophan (104.5%), glycine (85.9%), tyrosine (78.4%), phenylalanine (60.1%), glutamic acid (63.4%), and proline (52.5%). Nano-Se application enhanced apigenin (3.8 times), syringic acid (0.7 times), and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid (1.4 times) of the phenylpropane biosynthesis pathways. Importantly, the SgCDS (31.1%), CYP-P450 (39.1%), and UGT (24.6%) were induced by nano-Se, which enhanced the mogroside V content (16.2%). Compared to the control, nano-Se treatment dramatically enhanced aromatic substances, including 2-butanone (51.9%), methylpropanal (146.3%), n-nonanal dimer (141.7%), pentanal (52.5%), and 2-pentanone (46.0%). In summary, nano-Se improves S. grosvenorii quality by increasing nutrients and volatile organic compounds and adjusting the phenylpropane pathway.
Synthesis of a Low-Molecular-Weight Filtrate Reducer and Its Mechanism for Improving High Temperature Resistance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Gel System
Authors: Dong Xiaodong , Sun Jinsheng , Huang Xianbin , Li Jian , Lv Kaihe , Zhang Pengxin
Published: September 2022

During the exploitation of deep and ultradeep oil and gas resources, the high-temperature problem of deep reservoirs has become a major challenge for water-based drilling fluids. In this study, a novel high-temperature-resistant filtrate reducer (LDMS) with low molecular weight was synthesized using N, N-dimethylacrylamide; sodium p-styrene sulfonate; and maleic anhydride, which can maintain the performance of a drilling fluid gel system under high temperature. Unlike the conventional high-temperature-resistant polymer filtrate reducer, LDMS does not significantly increase the viscosity and yield point of the drilling fluid gel systems. After aging at 210 °C, the filtrate volume of a drilling fluid with 2 wt% LDMS was only 8.0 mL. The mechanism of LDMS was studied by particle size distribution of a drilling fluid gel system, Zeta potential change, adsorption experiment, change of bentonite interlayer spacing, filter cake scanning electron microscope, and related theoretical analysis. The mechanism study revealed that LDMS could be adsorbed on the surface of bentonite particles in large quantities and intercalated into the interlayer of bentonite. Thus, it can improve the hydration degree of bentonite particles and the colloidal stability of the drilling fluid gel system, maintain the content of fine particles in the drilling fluid gel system, form a compact mud cake, and significantly reduce the filtrate volume of the drilling fluid gel system. Therefore, this work will promote the application of a low-molecular-weight polymer filtrate reducer in high-temperature-resistant water-based drilling fluid gel systems.
Structural Manipulation of 3D Graphene-Based Macrostructures for Water Purification
Authors: Yu Zijun , Wei Li , Lu Lun , Shen Yi , Zhang Yang , Wang Jun , Tan Xiaoyao
Published: September 2022

The rapid development of graphene-based nanotechnologies in recent years has drawn extensive attention in environmental applications, especially for water treatment. Three-dimensional graphene-based macrostructures (GBMs) have been considered to be promising materials for practical water purification due to their well-defined porous structure and integrated morphology, and displayed outstanding performance in pollutant abatement with easy recyclability. Three-dimensional GBMs could not only retain the intrinsic priorities of 2D graphene, but also emerge with extraordinary properties by structural manipulation, so rational design and construction of 3D GBMs with desirable microstructures are important to exploit their potential for water treatment. In this review, some important advances in surface modification (chemical doping, wettability, surface charge) and geometrical control (porous structure, oriented arrangement, shape and density) with respect to 3D GBMs have been described, while their applications in water purification including adsorption (organic pollutants, heavy metal ions), catalysis (photocatalysis, Fenton-like advanced oxidation) and capacitive desalination (CDI) are detailly discussed. Finally, future challenges and prospective for 3D GBMs in water purification are proposed.
False Narratives: Illicit Practices in Colombian Transnational Adoption
Authors: Branco Susan F. , Cloonan Veronica
Published: September 2022

Evidence suggests Colombia’s transnational adoption program maintained systemic problematic practices, some of which were illicit in nature. Examples include child and birthmother trafficking, sale of children, and falsifying or omitting information in adoption documentation. Transnationally adopted Colombian adults encounter significant barriers to accessing their right to know their origins and identity. Despite this, some adult Colombian adoptees are successful in searching for and engaging in birth family reunions. Our study conducted a secondary analysis of an original study on Colombian birth family reunion experiences. We asked the research question, “What discrepancies exist in Colombian transnational adoption narratives?” to perform a directed qualitative content analysis of 17 participant interviews. We found nearly half of our participants reported an illicit practice categorized as child for sale, birthmother trafficking, and abuse of process. Findings underscore the legacy and impact of harmful adoption practices on current adult Colombian transnational adoptees seeking their human right to identity.
Pre-Administration of PLX-R18 Cells Protects Mice from Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Failure and Lethality
Authors: Kumar Vidya P. , Biswas Shukla , Holmes-Hampton Gregory P. , Sheleg Michal , Stone Sasha , Legesse Betre , Ofir Racheli , Ghosh Sanchita P.
Published: September 2022

Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is a syndrome involving damage to multiple organs caused by exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation over a short period of time; even low doses of radiation damage the radiosensitive hematopoietic system and causes H-ARS. PLacenta eXpanded (PLX)-R18 is a 3D-expanded placenta-derived stromal cell product designated for the treatment of hematological disorders. These cells have been shown in vitro to secrete hematopoietic proteins, to stimulate colony formation, and to induce bone marrow migration. Previous studies in mice showed that PLX-R18 cells responded to radiation-induced hematopoietic failure by transiently secreting hematopoiesis related proteins to enhance reconstitution of the hematopoietic system. We assessed the potential effect of prophylactic PLX-R18 treatment on H-ARS. PLX-R18 cells were administered intramuscularly to C57BL/6 mice, −1 and 3 days after (LD70/30) total body irradiation. PLX R18 treatment significantly increased survival after irradiation (p < 0.0005). In addition, peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cellularity were monitored at several time points up to 30 days. PLX-R18 treatment significantly increased the number of colony-forming hematopoietic progenitors in the femoral BM and significantly raised peripheral blood cellularity. PLX-R18 administration attenuated biomarkers of bone marrow aplasia (EPO, FLT3L), sepsis (SAA), and systemic inflammation (sP-selectin and E-selectin) and attenuated radiation-induced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and growth factors, including G-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, IL-2, IL-6 and MCP-1, In addition, PLX-R18 also ameliorated radiation-induced upregulation of pAKT. Taken together, prophylactic PLX-R18 administration may serve as a protection measure, mitigating bone marrow failure symptoms and systemic inflammation in the H-ARS model.
Single Cell RNA-Seq Identifies Immune-Related Prognostic Model and Key Signature-SPP1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Qi , Liu Xinxin , Wang Feng , Ma Yongsu , Zhang Shupeng , Shao Zhijiang , Yang Yinmo , Tian Xiaodong
Published: September 2022

There are no reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis or prognosis evaluation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Multiple scRNA-seq datasets for PDAC were retrieved from online databases and combined with scRNA-seq results from our previous study. The malignant ductal cells were identified through calculating copy number variation (CNV) scores. The robust markers of malignant ductal cells in PDAC were found. Five immune-related signatures, including SPP1, LINC00683, SNHG10, LINC00237, and CASC19, were used to develop a risk score formula to predict the overall survival of PDAC patients. We also constructed an easy-to-use nomogram, combining risk score, N stage, and margin status. The expression level of SPP1 was related to the prognosis and immune regulators. We found that SPP1 was mainly expressed in ductal cells and macrophages in PDAC. In conclusion, we constructed a promising prognostic model based on immune-related signatures for PDAC using scRNA-seq and TCGA_PAAD datasets.
Intestinal Ultrasound in the Assessment of Luminal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Bohra Anuj , Van Langenberg Daniel R. , Vasudevan Abhinav
Published: September 2022

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Expert guidelines now recommend regular objective assessments as part of a treat-to-target approach. Intestinal ultrasound provides a noninvasive, patient-friendly modality for assessing Crohn’s disease without the risk of radiation exposure and does not require fasting or bowel preparation. Enhancement techniques, including oral and intravenous contrast, can improve disease-activity and complication detection. Due to its acceptability, intestinal ultrasound can be performed frequently, allowing for closer disease-activity monitoring and treatment adjustments. There have been significant advances in the utility of intestinal ultrasound; particularly for assessing disease activity during pregnancy and fibrosis detection utilising elastography. This review provides a comprehensive overview of performing intestinal ultrasound, the diagnostic accuracy, role in disease-activity monitoring, and recent advances in utilising ultrasound for the assessment of luminal Crohn’s disease.
Three-Dimensional Software- and MR-Imaging-Based Muscle Volumetry Reveals Overestimation of Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy Using Occupation Ratios in Full-Thickness Tendon Tears
Authors: Goller Sophia Samira , Erber Bernd , Fink Nicola , Rosenkranz Tobias , Glaser Christian , Ricke Jens , Heuck Andreas
Published: September 2022

Supraspinatus muscle atrophy is widely determined from oblique-sagittal MRI by calculating the occupation ratio. This ex vivo and clinical study aimed to validate the accuracy of 3D software- and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry, as well as to assess the influence of the tear pattern on the occupation ratio. Ten porcine muscle specimens were volumetrized using the physical water displacement volumetry as a standard of reference. A total of 149 individuals with intact supraspinatus tendons, partial tears, and full-thickness tears had 3T MRI. Two radiologists independently determined occupation ratio values. An excellent correlation with a Pearson’s r of 0.95 for the variables physical volumetry using the water displacement method and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry using the software was found and formed the standard of reference for the patient study. The inter-reader reliability was 0.92 for occupation ratios. The correlation between occupation ratios and software-based muscle volumes was good in patients with intact tendons (0.84) and partial tears (0.93) but considerably lower in patients with full-thickness tears (0.68). Three-dimensional-software- and MR-imaging-based muscle volumetry is reliable and accurate. Compared to 3D muscle volumetry, the occupation ratio method overestimates supraspinatus muscle atrophy in full-thickness tears, which is most likely due to the medial retraction of the myotendinous unit.
YouTube: Is It a Reliable Source of Nutrition Information on COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Inan-Eroglu Elif , Buyuktuncer Zehra
Published: September 2022

Data on the nutrition-related misinformation about COVID-19 are limited. This study analysed the quality and accuracy of the nutrition information available on YouTube about current COVID-19 pandemic as well as assessed the content of the videos. YouTube was searched using the terms “nutrition and COVID-19” in Turkish on 1 February 2021. Videos were filtered according to relevancy, and the first 280 videos were analysed. A total of 218 videos were reviewed and classified as “misleading” or “relevant” depending on the information provided. The transparency, utility, reliability, and accuracy of video contents were assessed. The videos attracted a cumulative 6,258,694 views. There were 178 (81.7%) fully relevant and 40 (18.3%) misleading videos. Approximately 80% of the videos shared by health professionals were relevant videos. Government organisations only shared relevant videos. Relevant videos had higher reliability, accuracy, and quality than misleading videos. The nutrition-related content of COVID-19 videos is suboptimal on YouTube. As the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, and nutrition could improve immunity, health professionals and educational and government organisations need to engage more in the spread of nutrition-related COVID-19 information to Internet platforms based on nutrition guidelines and the latest scientific evidence. This will be a practical and immediately implementable public health strategy to effectively spread the right information.
Healing the Broken Hearts: A Glimpse on Next Generation Therapeutics
Authors: Franco Diego , Lozano-Velasco Estefanía
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 32% of deaths globally and thus representing almost 18 million people according to WHO. Myocardial infarction, the most prevalent adult cardiovascular pathology, affects over half a million people in the USA according to the last records of the AHA. However, not only adult cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent diseases in adulthood, but congenital heart diseases also affect 0.8–1.2% of all births, accounting for mild developmental defects such as atrial septal defects to life-threatening pathologies such as tetralogy of Fallot or permanent common trunk that, if not surgically corrected in early postnatal days, they are incompatible with life. Therefore, both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases represent an enormous social and economic burden that invariably demands continuous efforts to understand the causes of such cardiovascular defects and develop innovative strategies to correct and/or palliate them. In the next paragraphs, we aim to briefly account for our current understanding of the cellular bases of both congenital and adult cardiovascular diseases, providing a perspective of the plausible lines of action that might eventually result in increasing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. This analysis will come out with the building blocks for designing novel and innovative therapeutic approaches to healing the broken hearts.
Fertilization of Pot-Grown Cichorium spinosum L.: How It Can Affect Plant Growth, Chemical Profile, and Bioactivities of Edible Parts?
Authors: Polyzos Nikolaos , Paschoalinotto Beatriz H. , Compocholi Maria , Pinela José , Heleno Sandrina A. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Dias Maria Inês , Barros Lillian , Petropoulos Spyridon A.
Published: September 2022

Cichorium spinosum L. is a perennial wild edible plant that is usually found near the coasts of the Mediterranean basin. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the fertilization regime on the growth and chemical profile of pot-grown C. spinosum plants, as well as the effect of extraction protocol (aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts on bioactive properties). For this purpose, plants were fertilized via a nutrient solution that differed in the amounts (mg/L) of N:P:K, e.g., 100:100:100 (C111), 200:100:100 (C211), 200:200:200 (C222), 300:100:100 (C311), 300:200:200 (C322), and 300:300:300 (C333) mg/L of N:P:K, as well as a control treatment with no fertilizer added (C0). The fertilization regime had a beneficial effect on the growth parameters of spiny chicory, while it improved its nutritional value, as indicated by the polyunsaturated (PUFA)/saturated (SFA) ratio being higher than 0.45 and the omega-6 (n-6)/omega-3 (n-3) ratio being lower than 4.0. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including two phenolic acids and five flavonoids, while a varied composition was recorded depending on the fertilization regime and the extraction protocol. In regards to the studied bioactive parameters, antioxidant activity was significantly affected by the applied fertilizers and the extraction protocol, while there was no significant effect on the cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial properties of C. spinosum showed varying trends depending on the bacterial strain, the fertilization regime, and the extraction protocol, whereas we recorded the extracts’ weak antifungal activity against the studied fungi. In conclusion, even though the fertilization of C. spinosum plants had beneficial effects on growth and nutritional value, a significant effect of the extraction protocol on the chemical profile and bioactivities of the edible leaves was also recorded, indicating the application of tailor-made fertilization regimes combined with the most suitable extraction method for the achievement of high-quality final products.
Using the Multidimensional AIMES to Estimate Connection-to-Nature in an Australian Population: A Latent Class Approach to Segmentation
Authors: Jorgensen Bradley S. , Meis-Harris Julia
Published: September 2022

Individuals can interact and develop multiple connections to nature (CN) which have different meanings and reflect different beliefs, emotions, and values. Human population are not homogenous groups and often generalised approaches are not effective in increasing connectedness to nature. Instead, target-group specific approaches focusing on different segments of the population can offer a promising approach for engaging the public in pro-environmental behaviours. This research employed latent class analysis to identify subgroups of individuals in a large, representative sample (n = 3090) of an Australian region. Three groups were identified using the AIMES measure of CN with its focus on five types of connection to nature. The high CN group comprised about one-third (35.4%) of participants while the group with the lowest profile of scores contained around a fifth (18.6%) of participants. The majority (46.0%) of participants registered CN levels between the high and low groups. These classes were then regressed on predictor variables to further understand differences between the groups. The largest, consistent predictors of class membership were biocentric and social-altruistic value orientations, stronger intentions to perform pro-environmental behaviours in public (e.g., travel on public transport), the amount of time spent in nature, and the age of participants.
Population-Based Disparities in U.S. Urban Heat Exposure from 2003 to 2018
Authors: Johnson Daniel P.
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have shown, in the United States (U.S.), that communities of color are exposed to significantly higher temperatures in urban environments than complementary White populations. Studies highlighting this disparity have generally been cross-sectional and are therefore “snapshots” in time. Using surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity data, U.S. Census 2020 population counts, and a measure of residential segregation, this study performs a comparative analysis between census tracts identified as prevalent for White, Black, Hispanic and Asian populations and their thermal exposure from 2003 to 2018. The analysis concentrates on the top 200 most populous U.S. cities. SUHI intensity is shown to be increasing on average through time for the examined tracts. However, based on raw observations the increase is only statistically significant for White and Black prevalent census tracts. There is a 1.25 K to ~2.00 K higher degree of thermal exposure on average for communities of color relative to White prevalent areas. When examined on an inter-city basis, White and Black prevalent tracts had the largest disparity, as measured by SUHI intensity, in New Orleans, LA, by <6.00 K. Hispanic (>7.00 K) and Asian (<6.75 K) prevalent tracts were greatest in intensity in San Jose, CA. To further explore temporal patterns, two models were developed using a Bayesian hierarchical spatial temporal framework. One models the effect of varying the percentages of each population group relative to SUHI intensity within all examined tracts. Increases in percentages of Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations contributed to statistically significant increases in SUHI intensity. White increases in population percentage witnessed a lowering of SUHI intensity. Throughout all modeled tracts, there is a statistically significant 0.01 K per year average increase in SUHI intensity. A second model tests the effect of residential segregation on thermal inequity across all examined cities. Residential segregation, indeed, has a statistically significant positive association with SUHI intensity based on this portion of the analysis. Similarly, there is a statistically significant 0.01 K increase in average SUHI intensity per year for all cities. Results from this study can be used to guide and prioritize intervention strategies and further urgency related to social, climatic, and environmental justice concerns.
Identifying the Optimal Exercise Prescription for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Shah Shraddha , Dibben Grace , Ketkar Aditi , Hare David L. , Myers Jonathan , Franklin Barry , Babu Abraham Samuel , Taylor Rod S.
Published: September 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in these patients, and yet clinicians are often challenged to prescribe the most effective type of exercise training. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to formally quantify the optimal dose of exercise training interventions to improve exercise capacity and quality of life by undertaking direct and indirect pooled comparisons of randomized controlled trials. A detailed search will be conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), EMBASE and Web of Science. Two reviewers will screen the existing literature and assess the quality of the studies. Disagreements will be resolved through consensus. We anticipate that the analysis will include pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses. Most of the trials have studied the impact of exercise training comparing one or two modalities. As a result, little evidence exists to support which interventions will be most effective. The current NMA will address this gap in the literature and assist clinicians and cardiac rehabilitation specialists in making an informed decision. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals. Ethical approval is not applicable, as no research participants will be involved. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022262644.
Infodemic Preparedness and COVID-19: Searching about Public Health and Social Measures Is Associated with Digital Health Literacy in University Students
Authors: Rosário Rafaela , Fronteira Inês , Martins Maria R. O. , Augusto Cláudia , Silva Maria José , Messer Melanie , Martins Silvana , Duarte Ana , Ramos Neida , Rathmann Katharina , Okan Orkan , Dadaczynski Kevin
Published: September 2022

We aimed to evaluate the associations between information searching about public health and social measures (PHSM) and university students’ digital health literacy (DHL) related to the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3,084 Portuguese university students (75.7% females), with an average age of 24.2 (SD = 7.5). Sociodemographic data, DHL questionnaire and online information concerning PHSM were gathered. Cox proportional hazards models were performed. Results: Students who searched for personal protective measures achieved in shorter time sufficient “evaluating reliability” (HR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1; 1.7) and “determining relevance” (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2; 1.8). Searching for surveillance and response measures was associated with sufficient “determining relevance” (HR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1; 1.9). Finally, those students who searched for environmental, economic and psychosocial measures achieved in shorter time “determining relevance” (HR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0; 1.4). Conclusions: Searching for PHSM was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of achieving sufficient DHL subscales in a shorter time. Further studies are needed, including developing strategies to increase the availability of high-quality information concerning public health and social measures and to improve (digital) health literacy.
Comparative Analysis of Composite Mortality Prediction Scores in Intensive Care Burn Patients
Authors: Obed Doha , Salim Mustafa , Dastagir Nadjib , Knoedler Samuel , Dastagir Khaled , Panayi Adriana C. , Vogt Peter M.
Published: September 2022

Multiple outcome scoring models have been used in predicting mortality in burn patients. In this study, we compared the accuracy of five established models in predicting outcomes in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit and assessed risk factors associated with mortality. Intensive care burn patients admitted between March 2007 and December 2020 with total body surface area (TBSA) affected ≥ 10% were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine variables associated with mortality. The ABSI, Ryan, BOBI, revised Baux and BUMP scores were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics. A total of 617 patients were included. Morality was 14.4%, with non-survivors being significantly older, male, and having experienced domestic burns. Multivariate analysis identified age, TBSA, full-thickness burns and renal insufficiency as independent mortality predictors. The BUMP score presented the highest mortality prognostication rate, followed by ABSI, revised Baux, BOBI and Ryan scores. BUMP, ABSI and revised Baux scores displayed AUC values exceeding 90%, indicating excellent prognostic capabilities. The BUMP score showed the highest accuracy of predicting mortality in intensive care burn patients and outperformed the most commonly used ABSI score in our cohort. The older models displayed adequate predictive performance and accuracy compared with the newest model.
Influence of Heat Exposure on Motor Control Performance and Learning as Well as Physiological Responses to Visuomotor Accuracy Tracking Task
Authors: Aoki Mao , Yamazaki Yudai , Otsuka Junto , Okamoto Yumi , Takada Shota , Shirai Nobu , Fujimoto Tomomi , Ochi Genta , Yamashiro Koya , Sato Daisuke , Amano Tatsuro
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine whether heat exposure attenuates motor control performance and learning, and blunts cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses to visuomotor accuracy tracking (VAT) tasks. Twenty-nine healthy young adults (22 males) were divided into two groups performing VAT tasks (5 trials × 10 blocks) in thermoneutral (NEUT: 25 °C, 45% RH, n = 14) and hot (HOT: 35 °C, 45% RH, n = 15) environments (acquisition phase). One block of the VAT task was repeated at 1, 2, and 4 h after the acquisition phase (retention phase). Heat exposure elevated skin temperature to ~3 °C with a marginally increased core body temperature. VAT performance (error distance of curve tracking) was more attenuated overall in HOT than in NEUT in the acquisition phase without improvement in magnitude alteration. Heat exposure did not affect VAT performance in the retention phase. The mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, but not for sweating and cutaneous vascular responses to VAT acquisition trials, were more attenuated in HOT than in NEUT without any retention phase alternations. We conclude that skin temperature elevation exacerbates motor control performance and blunts cardiovascular response during the motor skill acquisition period. However, these alternations are not sustainable thereafter.
The Impact of “Home Office” Work on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilms Patrick , Schröder Jan , Reer Rüdiger , Scheit Lorenz
Published: September 2022

In 2020, as part of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world enacted a wide variety of regulations and laws to contain the incidence of infection. One of these measures was the relocation of work to the home office. The objective of this review was to analyze the influence of the home office in correlation with regulations on sedentary and activity behavior. A search was conducted on various electronic databases from November 2019 to January 2022, using the search terms physical activity (PA), COVID-19, and working from home. The primary outcomes were changes in PA and sedentary behavior (SB). Secondary outcomes included pain, mood, and parenting stress. The risk of bias was assessed using the (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool. For the review, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria (total n = 1268). There was a significant increase in SB (+16%) and a decrease in PA (−17%), Light PA (−26%), and moderate to vigorous PA (−20%). There was also an increase in pain and parenting stress and a decrease in well-being. Due to our significant results, programs that promote movement should be created. Future studies should explore how an increase of PA and a reduction of SB in the home office could be achieved.
Anabaenopeptins from Nostoc edaphicum CCNP1411
Authors: Konkel Robert , Grabski Michał , Cegłowska Marta , Wieczerzak Ewa , Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Mazur-Marzec Hanna
Published: September 2022

Cyanobacteria of the Nostoc genus belong to the most prolific sources of bioactive metabolites. In our previous study on Nostoc edaphicum strain CCNP1411, the occurrence of cyanopeptolins and nostocyclopeptides was documented. In the current work, the production of anabaenopeptins (APs) by the strain was studied using genetic and chemical methods. Compatibility between the analysis of the apt gene cluster and the structure of the identified APs was found. Three of the APs, including two new variants, were isolated as pure compounds and tested against four serine proteases and carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The in vitro enzymatic assays showed a typical activity of this class of cyanopeptides, i.e., the most pronounced effects were observed in the case of CPA. The activity of the detected compounds against important metabolic enzymes confirms the pharmaceutical potential of anabaenopeptins.
Beyond Proximity: Utility-Based Access from Location-Based Services Data
Authors: Macfarlane  Gregory S. , Stucki  Emma , Redelfs  Alisha H. , Spruance  Lori Andersen
Published: September 2022

Understanding who in a community has access to its resources—parks, libraries, grocery stores, etc.—has profound equity implications, but typical methods to understand access to these resources are limited. Travel time buffers require researchers to assert mode of access as well as an arbitrary distance threshold; further, these methods do not distinguish between destination quality attributes in an effective way. In this research, we present a methodology to develop utility-based accessibility measures for parks, libraries, and grocery stores in Utah County, Utah. The method relies on passive location-based services data to model destination choice to these community resources; the destination choice model utility functions in turn allow us to develop a picture of regional access that is sensitive to: the quality and size of the destination resource; continuous (non-binary) travel impedance by multiple modes; and the sociodemographic attributes of the traveler. We then use this measure to explore equity in access to the specified community resources across income level in Utah County: the results reveal a discrepancy between which neighborhoods might be targeted for intervention using space-based analysis.
Variation in Public Trust, Perceived Societal Fairness, and Well-Being before and after COVID-19 Onset—Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Wei Chunli , Li Qingqing , Lian Ziyi , Luo Yijun , Song Shiqing , Chen Hong
Published: September 2022

The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all aspects of people’s lives, including their attitudes toward society and psychological well-being. This study aimed to analyze the variation in public trust, perceived societal fairness, and well-being before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used two-wave longitudinal data of 15,487 residents (2018, T1; 2020, T2) derived from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A repeated measures analysis of variance showed that (a) public trust, perceived societal fairness, and subjective well-being significantly improved and (b) depression significantly increased. Linear regression analysis showed that education and socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on public trust, perceived societal fairness, and depression; socioeconomic status had a significant predictive effect on subjective well-being. This study provides evidence and direction for current social governance, namely, policy implementation and pandemic response.
Palliative Care e-Learning for Physicians Caring for Critically Ill and Dying Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Outcome Evaluation with Self-Assessed Knowledge and Attitude
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline , Schallenburger Manuela , Tenge Theresa , Batzler Yann-Nicolas , Schlieper Daniel , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Meier Stefan , Niegisch Günter , Karger André , Roderburg Christoph , Neukirchen Martin
Published: September 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the care of critically ill and dying patients in isolation wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and regular wards was severely impaired. In order to support physicians in communicative and palliative care skills, an e-learning tool was developed as part of the joint project “Palliative Care in Pandemic Times” (PallPan). This study investigates the feasibility of this e-learning tool. Secondly, we aim to analyze changes in knowledge and attitude upon completion of the e-learning tool. A 38-item questionnaire-based evaluation study with assessment of global and specific outcomes including ICU and non-ICU physicians was performed. In total, 24 questionnaires were included in the anonymous analysis. Feasibility was confirmed by a very high rate of overall satisfaction (94% approval), with relevance reaching 99% approval. Overall, we detected high gains in knowledge and noticeably lower gains on the attitude plane, with the highest gain in naming reasons for incorporating palliative care. The lowest learning gain on the attitude plane was observed when the participants were confronted with their own mortality. This study shows that e-learning is a feasible tool for gaining knowledge and even changing the attitudes of physicians caring for critically ill and dying patients in a self-assessment evaluation.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Mental Health during Pregnancy: A Comparison between Canada and China within the CONCEPTION Cohort
Authors: Pagès Nicolas , Gorgui Jessica , Wang Chongjian , Wang Xian , Zhao Jin-Ping , Tchuente Vanina , Lacasse Anaïs , Côté Sylvana , King Suzanne , Muanda Flory , Mufike Yves , Boucoiran Isabelle , Nuyt Anne Monique , Quach Caroline , Ferreira Ema , Kaul Padma , Winquist Brandace , O’Donnell Kieran J. , Eltonsy Sherif , Chateau Dan , Hanley Gillian , Oberlander Tim , Kassai Behrouz , Mainbourg Sabine , Bernatsky Sasha , Vinet Évelyne , Brodeur-Doucet Annie , Demers Jackie , Richebé Philippe , Zaphiratos Valerie , Bérard Anick
Published: September 2022

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health has been described in Canada and China but no study has compared the two countries using the same standardized and validated instruments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of COVID-19 public health policies on maternal mental health between Canada and China, as we hypothesize that geographical factors and different COVID-19 policies are likely to influence maternal mental health. Pregnant persons >18 years old were recruited in Canada and China using a web-based strategy. All participants recruited between 26 June 2020 and 16 February 2021 were analyzed. Self-reported data included sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 experience and maternal mental health assessments (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) scale, stress and satisfaction with life). Analyses were stratified by recruitment cohort, namely: Canada 1 (26 June 2020–10 October 2020), Canada 2 and China (11 October 2020–16 February 2021). Overall, 2423 participants were recruited, with 1804 participants within Canada 1, 135 within Canada 2 and 484 in China. The mean EDPS scores were 8.1 (SD, 5.1) in Canada 1, 8.1 (SD, 5.2) in Canada 2 and 7.7 (SD, 4.9) in China (p-value Canada 2/China: p = 0.005). The mean GAD-7 scores were 2.6 (SD, 2.9) in China, 4.3 (SD, 3.8) in Canada 1 (p < 0.001) and 5.8 (SD, 5.2) in Canada 2 (p < 0.001). When adjusting for stress and anxiety, being part of the Chinese cohort significantly increased the chances of having maternal depression by over threefold (adjusted OR 3.20, 95%CI 1.77–5.78). Canadian and Chinese participants reported depressive scores nearly double those of other crises and non-pandemic periods. Lockdowns and reopening periods have an important impact on levels of depression and anxiety among pregnant persons.
Service Learning in the Nursing Bachelor Thesis: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Roca Judith , Gros Navés Silvia , Canet-Velez Olga , Torralbas-Ortega Jordi , Tort-Nasarre Glòria , Postic Tijana , Martínez Laura
Published: September 2022

The Final Degree Project (FDP) is a module that, although intended for the completion of a bachelor thesis (BT), consists of theoretical and clinical teaching. Therefore, introducing service learning (SL) can support student adjustments to the real-world professional role. This study plans to evaluate a teaching innovation project that combines BT and SL through Kirkpatrick’s four-level model (reaction, learning, behaviour and results). It takes the form of a convergent parallel mixed-methods design study. The participants were 15 final-year students obtaining a Bachelor of Nursing degree, 4 BT supervising mentors and 4 nurses. At the request of a hospital institution, in their BT, students completed a review of evidence-based nursing protocols. For data collection, the researchers used: an SL questionnaire, student narratives, mentor field diaries and nurse interviews. According to student opinion, the results showed high satisfaction rates (4.44 out of 5), the most developed skills were Independent Work and Information Management, but they signal the need to reinforce the research methodology skills. Finally, positive feedback from all participants is that using SL promotes both the opinion that the BT is useful and also promotes a collaboration between academic and clinical settings.
Transitional Justice after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rodríguez Reveggino Bruno , Becerra-Bolaños Ángel
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a real challenge for health systems and public policies. Both the pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate it have affected the freedoms and rights of the different sectors of society, especially the most vulnerable ones, and have increased the already existing structural inequalities. Consequently, the pandemic must be analyzed from the perspective of human rights. Transitional Justice (TJ) has proven to be useful after conflict situations, helping societies to confront abuses perpetrated and to find solutions for the future, as well as repairing damages that have arisen as a consequence of these conflicts in different areas. Thus, TJ processes have been successfully used after armed conflicts and during peace negotiations, to respond to abuses perpetrated in consolidated democracies, and even after environmental crises. Therefore, the creation of a “Truth and Reconciliation Commission for the COVID-19 pandemic”, which launches the TJ processes of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition can help to find solutions to conflicts arising from the pandemic in a simple way. In addition, it would establish the foundations to prevent the violation of human rights in similar situations to come.