bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural transformation of spin nanoclusters in low-dimensional anisotropic ferromagnets under applied magnetic field
Authors: Charkina O. V. , Belan V. I. , Bogdan M. M.
Published: December 2021

Noncollinear discrete domain walls in the Heisenberg anisotropic ferromagnetic chain under applied magnetic field and their small excitation spectra are studied analytically and numerically in the framework of the Takeno-Homma equation. The intersecting frequency dependences of localized excitations and continuous spectrum oscillations and the removal of the degeneracy by the magnetic field are revealed. The variational approach is proposed to describe the domain walls and to investigate their stability. It is shown that the obtained analytical expressions fit very well the numerical solutions. The total energy of static discrete domain walls and the Peierls energy barrier between them are found explicitly. The stability diagram for noncollinear domain walls on the plane of parameters of the exchange and the magnetic field is calculated, and it looks like the alternating stripes structure of stability regions of the bond-centered and site-centered discrete domain walls. This diagram feature is explained by the oscillating dependence of the Peierls energy barrier on the exchange and the magnetic field parameters.
Study of fluctuation conductivity in YBa2Cu3O7−δ films in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Petrenko E. V. , Omelchenko L. V. , Kolesnichenko Yu. A. , Shytov N. V. , Rogacki K. , Sergeyev D. M. , Solovjov A. L.
Published: December 2021

We report the effect of the ab-plane magnetic field B up to 8 T on the resistivity ρ(T) and fluctuation conductivity σ′'(T) in YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films. As expected, up to ∼ 2.5 T the magnetic field monotonously increases ρ, the width of the resistive transition, ΔTc, and coherence length along the c axis, ξC(0), but decreases both Tc and the range of superconducting (SC) fluctuations ΔTfl. The fluctuation conductivity exhibits a crossover at characteristic temperature T0 from the 3D Aslamasov-Larkin (AL) theory near Tc to the 2D fluctuation theory of Maki-Thompson (MT). However, at B = 3 T, the MT term is completely suppressed, and above T0 σ′'(T) is unexpectedly described by the fluctuation contribution of 2D AL, suggesting the formation of a 2D vortex lattice in the film under the action of a magnetic field. At the same time, ΔTf sharply increases by a factor of about 7, and ξC(0) demonstrates a very unusual dependence on Tc when B increases above 3 T. Our results demonstrate the possibility of the formation of a vortex state in YBCO and its evolution with increasing B.
Modeling and inverse design of bio-inspired multi-segment pneu-net soft manipulators for 3D trajectory motion
Authors: Jiang Chengru , Wang Dong , Zhao Baowen , Liao Zhongkun , Gu Guoying
Published: December 2021

A biological organism, such as an octopus tentacle or elephant trunk, exhibits complex 3D spatial trajectories. Although soft manipulators showing 2D in-plane deformations have been extensively studied and applied in many areas, the design method of soft manipulators with a mathematical model that can follow a particular 3D spatial trajectory remains elusive. In this paper, we present a methodology to automatically design bio-inspired multi-segment pneu-net soft manipulators that can match complex 3D trajectories upon single pressurization. The 3D motions can be characterized by a combination of twisting, bending, and helical deformations, which are enabled by the design of the soft segments with programmable chamber orientations. To inverse design the soft manipulators with trajectory matching, we develop an analytical framework that takes into account the material nonlinearity, geometric anisotropy, and varying loading directions. The spatial trajectory can be reconstructed by combining with a 3D rod theory. In this sense, multi-segment soft manipulators with trajectory matching are inversely designed by varying the geometric and material parameters. We further demonstrate the grasping of complex objects using the designed soft manipulators. The proposed methodology has immense potential to design soft manipulators in 3D space and broaden their application.
Multi-fault recognition of gear based on wavelet image fusion and deep neural network
Authors: He Haitao , Zhao Shuanfeng , Guo Wei , Wang Yuan , Xing Zhizhong , Wang Pengfei
Published: December 2021

The coal mining environment where the plate conveyor is located often has narrow space, violent mechanical vibration, and explosion-proof requirements. Therefore, collecting vibration signals by installing sensors will have adverse problems such as difficult installation, strong noise, and potential safety hazards. In view of the weakness of the gear torsional load in the current signal, this paper proposes using three-phase current signal fusion to extract its phase difference information. At the same time, in order to extract the current information and phase information change caused by the early fault of the scraper conveyor gear, a gear fault diagnosis method based on the deep convolution neural network and three-phase current continuous wavelet image fusion is proposed. This method transforms the gear fault diagnosis problem into an image analysis problem. By fusing the time-frequency images of three-phase current, the phase difference information of the image can be obtained, and then the fluctuation state of motor torque can be determined. Then, the deep convolution neural network model is built to realize the fault feature recognition of the wavelet fusion image.
Numerical analysis for the effects of boundary layer flow over an exponentially stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium moving with nonlinear velocity
Authors: Iqbal W. , Jalil M.
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to probe the effects of boundary layer flow over an exponentially stretching cylinder having nonlinear velocity placed in a porous medium. The modeled partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformations. A numerical solution is attained using the finite difference Keller–Box method. The physical parameters and skin friction coefficients are studied on the velocity profile. The fluid velocity and skin friction coefficient decrease with the increase in Re and κ, while a reverse behavior is reported for ɛ.
Expression for hysteresis loss of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles in a wide range of particle parameters and excitation conditions: Parameter optimization for hyperthermia application
Authors: Enpuku Keiji , Yoshida Takashi
Published: December 2021

Hysteresis loss of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been widely studied for magnetic-hyperthermia application. On the basis of the numerical simulation for the AC magnetization curve of immobilized MNPs, we obtain an analytical expression for the hysteresis loss that is applicable to a wide range of MNP parameters and excitation conditions. This expression is more general and includes the previously obtained ones. It can be used to quantitatively study how MNP parameters and excitation conditions affect the hysteresis loss. We also use the expression to show an optimization method for hyperthermia application. First, the MNP core size that maximizes the loss is obtained as a function of the excitation conditions. For the optimum core size, the expression for the loss becomes very simple, and we can quantitatively evaluate the loss. Then, a numerical example is shown in which we obtain a condition that yields a loss as large as 1 kW/g Fe. We also discuss the hysteresis loss of MNPs suspended in liquid. The obtained results will be useful for hyperthermia application.
Possibilities in bioelectronics: Super humans or science fiction?
Authors: Green Rylie A.
Published: December 2021

Recent years have led to a rapid increase in the development of neurotechnologies for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of conditions with neurological targets. The central driving force has been the need for next-generation devices to treat neural injury and disease, where current pharmaceutical or conventional bioelectronics have been unable to impart sufficient therapeutic effects. The advent of new therapies and advanced technologies has resulted in a reemergence of the concept of superhuman performance. This is a hypothetical possibility that is enabled when bionics are used to augment the neural system and has included the notions of improved cognitive ability and enhancement of hearing and seeing beyond the limitations of a healthy human. It is quite conceivable that a bionic eye could be used for night vision; however, the damage to both the neural system and surrounding tissues in placing such a device is only considered acceptable in the case of a patient that can obtain improvement in quality of life. There are also critical limitations that have hindered clinical translation of high-resolution neural interfaces, despite significant advances in biomaterial and bioelectronics technologies, including the advent of biohybrid devices. Surgical damage and foreign body reactions to such devices can be reduced but not eliminated, and these engineering solutions to reduce inflammation present additional challenges to the long-term performance and medical regulation. As a result, while bioelectronics has seen concepts from science fiction realized, there remains a significant gap to their use as enhancements beyond medical therapies.
Effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on productive efficiency and meat quality of broilers under acute and chronic heat stress
Authors: de Sousa Fabiana Cristina Belchior , Del Vesco Ana Paula , Zancanela Vittor , Santana Thais Pacheco , de Souza Khatlab Angélica , Feitosa Víctor Emanuel Meneses , Brito Claudson Oliveira , Barbosa Leandro Teixeira , Gasparino Eliane
Published: December 2021

Context Methionine in the form of free amino acid has been widely studied in broilers challenged by heat stress (HS). However, the effects of methionine dipeptide in broilers subjected to HS are not known. Aims To evaluate the effects of methionine as free amino acid and dipeptide on the performance, oxidative status, plasma parameters and meat quality of broilers subjected to acute and chronic HS. Methods Broilers were evaluated at the following three experimental periods: 24 h of evaluation (21–22 days of age); 10 days of evaluation (22–32 days of age); and 20 days of evaluation (22–42 days of age). Broilers were divided into two groups; one group was raised in thermal comfort, and the other group was raised in continuous HS of 30°C. In both groups, animals received a diet without methionine supplementation (MD), with supplementation of methionine as free amino acid (dl-M), and with supplementation of methionine as dipeptide (dl-MM). Key results HS reduced body weight gain after 10 and 20 days of evaluation. Broilers under HS condition fed the MD diet had the highest concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 22 days of age and carbonylated proteins (CP) at 32 days of age. At 42 days of age, broilers fed the MD diet had higher concentrations of TBARS and CP. At 32 days of age, broilers under HS had lower high-density lipoprotein and higher low-density lipoprotein concentrations. In breast meat, broilers in thermal comfort fed the dl-M or dl-MM diets had a lower cooking loss. Broilers in HS fed the dl-M diet had the lowest cooking loss. HS reduced the pH of the meat of legs. Conclusions The acute and chronic HS affect the broiler performance in different ways. Methionine supplementation contributes to reduce the effects of HS. There were no notable differences between the supplementation of dl-M or dl-MM. Implications Productivity and the quality of the chicken meat are the most important attributes of the production. The ambient temperature can influence these parameters. The methionine in its most varied forms, due to its direct and indirect antioxidant function, has been shown to be an effective source of protection for the animal in adverse conditions such as during HS.
Multi-chip front-end electronics LYRA for X and γ Ray detector for HERMES mission
Authors: Gandola M. , Mele F. , Grassi M. , Malcovati P. , Bertuccio G.
Published: December 2021

We present the experimental results of the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), called LYRA, specifically designed for the High-Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites (HERMES) mission concept, a constellation of nano-satellites able to detect and localize high-energy rapid transient events (up to 2.2 MeV) as the Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) from the deep space. LYRA has been desied for the detection system composed by a combination of Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (GAGG) scintillators for high-energy photons, coupled to a matrix of 120 silicon drift detectors (SDD), used for detecting both scintillation light and low-energy photons. The LYRA ASIC has been conceived with a multi-chip architecture: 120 LYRA Front-End chips (LYRA-FE) are placed in close proximity to the anodes of the SDD matrix for a first processing of the detector signals and trasmit them in current mode to four 32-channel LYRA Back-End chips (LYRA-BE) to complete the elaboration. The requirements that the LYRA ASIC have to fulfill for the HERMES project are challenging: the maximum input energy measured in Silicon must reach 120 keV — corresponding to 2.2 MeV on GAGG — with a linearity error below 1%, the electronic noise must be less then 30 el. r.m.s. and the power consumption less then 1 mW per channel in a system with 120 channels working in parallel. The characterization of LYRA has been carried out on a dedicated test board, coupling one channel of the ASIC with a 25 mm2 SDD. An input full scale range of 5.2 fC and an electronic noise of 22 el. r.m.s. have been measured at -33∘C with a power consumption of 745 µW per channel.
Design and construction of hardware and software for autonomous observations of Transient Luminous Events
Authors: Amrich S. , Mackovjak Š. , Strhárský I. , Baláž J. , Hančikovský M.
Published: December 2021

Transient luminous events (TLE) are phenomena which are
currently on the rise in terms of sightings. However, there is no
widespread uniform method of their observation and subsequent image
processing. Therefore, our project focuses on the design and
construction of hardware that can record TLE. It consists of a low
gain, colour, CMOS camera with a bright, wide lens connected to a
small, power-efficient single board computer. The project also
includes writing software to control the hardware. The software
decides whether to capture or not and at what orientation there is
the biggest chance to capture a TLE. The software can process and
classify the created photos based on deep neural networks. As a
final product, we have developed the whole apparatus from a hardware
and software point of view and installed it at the Astronomical
Observatory at Kolonica Saddle in Slovakia, Central Europe. The plan
for the future is to make similar apparatuses to spread the
observation network.
Smoke and COVID-19 case fatality ratios during California wildfires
Authors: Schwarz Lara , Dimitrova Anna , Aguilera Rosana , Basu Rupa , Gershunov Alexander , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: December 2021

Recent evidence has shown an association between wildfire smoke and COVID-19 cases and deaths. The San Francisco Bay Area, in California (USA), experienced two major concurrent public health threats in 2020: the COVID-19 pandemic and dense smoke emitted by wildfires. This provides a unprecedented context to unravel the role of acute air pollution exposure on COVID-19 severity. A smoke product provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association Hazard Mapping System was used to identify counties exposed to heavy smoke in summer and fall of 2020. Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths for the United States were downloaded at the County-level from the CDC COVID Data Tracker. Synthetic control methods were used to estimate the causal effect of the wildfire smoke on daily COVID-19 case fatality ratios (CFRs), adjusting for population mobility. Evidence of an impact of wildfire smoke on COVID-19 CFRs was observed, with precise estimates in Alameda and San Francisco. Up to 58 (95% CI: 29, 87) additional deaths for every 1000 COVID-19 incident daily cases attributable to wildfire smoke was estimated in Alameda in early September. Findings indicated that extreme weather events such as wildfires smoke can drive increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, highlighting the need to further study these colliding crises. Understanding the environmental drivers of COVID-19 mortality can be used to protect vulnerable populations from these potentially concomitant public health threats.
The

Z2×Z2

-graded Lie superalgebras

pso(2n+1|2n)

and

pso(∞|∞)

, and parastatistics Fock spaces
Authors: Stoilova N I , Van der Jeugt J
Published: December 2021

The parastatistics Fock spaces of order p corresponding to an infinite number of parafermions and parabosons with relative paraboson relations are constructed. The Fock spaces are lowest weight representations of the

Z

2

×

Z

2

-graded Lie superalgebra

p
s
o

(

∞
|
∞

)

, with a basis consisting of row-stable Gelfand–Zetlin patterns.
New molecular and phenotypic data on Mayamaea Arida (Bock) Lange-Bertalot (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Bagmet V B , Yu Nikulin A , Abdullin Sh R , Yu Nikulin V , Gontcharov A A
Published: December 2021

Mayamaea arida (Bock) Lange-Bertalot is a rare species, previously recorded from four locations in Europe only. The aim of this study is to report additional molecular, phenotypic and geographic data on M. arida. The strain of this species was isolated from the soil sample collected on 04.08.2018 in Iturup Island (Sakhalin Region, Russia) in Haplic Cambisol. The strain was identified using light and scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the M. arida was a member of the strongly supported Mayamaea generic clade and resolved as a basal lineage in the subclade comprised by M. atomus and M. terrestris. New data on partial rbcL plastid gene, chloroplasts morphology and nucleus, lower limit of the cell length, higher number of striae in 10 urn, shape index (length/width), teratological forms and distribution of species are presented.
Ecological aspect of the development of soil-forming processes at the post-technogenic stage
Authors: Podurets O I , Osintseva M A
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the study is caused by the problem of the global anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes in Kuzbass as a result of the development of mining. The rate of reclamation of disturbed lands lags behind the rate and scale of their formation, and most of the territory is self-recovering. This paper is aimed at studying the ecological conditions of the natural environment and technogenic factors affecting the dynamics of soil-forming processes and the formation of phytocenoses in disturbed territories, which differ in the way of formation at the technogenic stage. For the first time, some physicochemical parameters of technozems were obtained. Like ebriozems, they are formed in the post-technogenic phase of the development of a technogenic landscape under the conditions of its self-growth. The similarities and differences in the properties of technozems and ebriozems formed in the same natural and climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass have been revealed. It was found that the rate of their transformation, expressed in the formation of the soil profile, depends on the conditions of the relief and underlying rocks created at the technogenic stage. The presence of a preserved layer of potentially fertile rocks and the absence of slope surfaces led to the formation of the frontal soil and vegetation cover of the technozem; under other conditions, the formation of soils and plant groups occurs fragmentarily, which leads to the asynchronous development of the functions and modes of the technogenic landscape.
DDT in Crimea coastal waters and blubber of Black Sea cetaceans
Authors: Malakhova L , Lobko V , Logominova I , Malakhova T , Murashova A
Published: December 2021

This research is based on the multi-year data on the distribution of organochlorine pesticides of the DDT group in the water of the coastal Black Sea areas of Crimea, obtained in expeditions of the “Professor Vodyanitsky” research vessel from 1999 to 2020. Study of content of DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) in the blubber of three species of Black Sea cetaceans that were astrand on the Black Sea coast from the 1980s to the 2020s was grounded on own and literature data. While there was an overall significant variability in ∑DDT content during the study period, there was a significant downward trend in their concentrations in the water of coastal areas of Crimea. Despite the significantly decreased DDTs pollution of the habitat of the Black Sea marine mammals over the last 10 years, high concentrations of DDTs were accumulated in their blubber, the maximum value of the sum of DDTs concentrations reached (163 µg/g of lipids) in the blubber of adult depleted bottlenose dolphin. The minimum concentrations were determined in the blubber of a newborn harbour porpoise female. In blubber samples up to 70% was of DDE, DDD - from 21 to 24%, and the concentration of the initial DDT varied from 6 to 14%. Based on the analysis of own and literature data, it is assumed that in the modern period, as compared to the 1990s, there is a downward trend in the content of the DDTs in the blubber of Black Sea cetaceans.
A bioassay of the toxic effects of aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate using Auloforus (Dero furcata)
Authors: Ivanova I , Popov A , Chukhno A , Kovalkova S
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the toxicity of aluminum salts is determined by the fact that aluminum cation is contained in drinking water, artificial dyes and additives, medicines, vaccines, aerosols, and there is also a correlation between the concentration of aluminum ion in brain tissues and clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease. The article presents the results of biotesting the toxic effects of aluminum chloride and sulfate using Aulophorus (Dero furcata). Currently, the methods of bioassay do not have a generally recognized and standardized system of biological analysis, there are no unambiguous requirements that an indicator system should meet. These worms are a biotest object, because its reaction to the environment can be traced by its creation of conglomerates. The behavior of Auloforus in the experiment depends on the concentration, the time spent in aluminum solutions, as well as on the specific salt. When comparing the dynamics of the behavior of Auloforus in experimental samples of aluminum solutions, we established toxic concentrations. It was found that aluminum chloride salts have a less toxic effect than aluminum sulfate.
A review of low-carbon adaptation model to climate change in rural farming households
Authors: Kushnarenko T , Makeev V , Debesai M G
Published: December 2021

Climate change is one of the greatest environmental issues of our time and involves complex interactions and changing likelihoods of diverse impacts. Individuals, communities and organizations have, through time, developed adaptive capacities to climate change impacts. This paper assesses by reviewing existing literature on the adaptation of the low carbon model to climate change by rural farming households in developing countries. It has identified the social, economic and environmental impacts of climate change from a vast review of the literature. The commonly used low carbon assessment models, from rural farming household’s point of view, have been identified as agricultural and economic models. It was found that farming practices were common and easy used adaptation models to low carbon situations. It was further indicated that complex economic models – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium - were used to assess the efficiency of adaptation options. Marker failures, policy failures and climate uncertainties were the main barriers to the low carbon adaption model. Although not easy, some remedies for adaptation barriers have been identified as policy reforms, government intervention, introducing various adaptation approaches such as early warning systems, disaster risk management, climate-smart agriculture and insurance systems.
The influence of the cooperation between the military-Industrial complex and agro-industrial on the environment in the Russian Federation
Authors: Daroshka V , Aleksandrov I , Chekhovskikh I , Ol E , Trushkin V , Petrov M
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to the strategic importance of the transition of Russian agro-industrial complex to innovative development path, which involves the formation of cooperative ties with the military-industrial complex as a driver of new technological solutions. Statement of the problem. The agro-industrial complex has a significant technological lag in terms of technological competitiveness. Statement of the problem. There is a significant technological gap in the agro-industrial complex in terms of smart growth of agribusiness based on digital technologies and solutions, which negatively affects its production, export potential and financial condition. The aim of the research is to study the development of inter-firm cooperation of military-industrial and agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation which makes its influence on the environment. The study considers domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of inter-firm cooperation of industries, an analytical review of the main indicators of development and results of cooperation between the military-industrial complex and agro-industrial complex is given. The conclusion of the scientific research identifies the main problems and prospects for the development of cooperative links of industries, taking into account the external challenges and threats to the global economy.
The impact of mining enterprises on the development of transport infrastructure in remote areas (case study of the Todzhinsky Kozhuun of Tyva and the Okinsky District of Buryatia)
Authors: Kuklina M V , Krasnoshtanova N E , Trufanov A I , Bogdanov V N , Sh Rуgzуnov T , Gordt M V
Published: December 2021

In the complex of socio-economic and environmental problems, infrastructure provision is becoming a cornerstone. A feature of remote areas is the inconsistency in understanding the vital need for access to modern infrastructure (primarily, to transport opportunities) and the costs associated with this access. On the one hand, the transport infrastructure in the region contributes to the efficient use of the economic potential of the region. On the other hand, isolation from the outside world with restricting existing traffic flows and rejecting new transport projects may be the local population’s own choice. Industrial development is the main driving force in the development of the transport infrastructure of the territories. In this work, the following study areas were selected as model areas for the study of the mutual influence of mining enterprises and the development of transport infrastructure - Todzhinsky Kozhuun of the Republic of Tyva and Okinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. Methods of comparative geographical and statistical analysis and data generalization, network and problem approaches, in-depth and group interviews of local residents were used. The results of the analysis of publicly available data on the development and maintenance of specific transport arteries and materials of original field studies are presented.
Environmental assessment of the estimated dredging volumes on the Ob River
Authors: Bik Y , Buchelnikov M , Kofeeva V
Published: December 2021

The object of the study is the impact of dredging in the Ob riverbed on individual components of the environment, in particular, ichthyofauna. The volumes of transit and capital dredging in the river channel on the crossing sections that are difficult for navigation have been determined and substantiated. To calculate the damage, a method to determine the loss of ichthyofauna was used, taking into account the death of benthic and planktonic organisms in turbidity plumes and on the bottom areas subjected to development by dredgers and buried under dumped fills. It has been established that the greatest losses of ichthyomass will occur in the sections of the Upper Ob (up to the Novosibirsk reservoir) and the Middle Ob (up to the mouth of the Tom River), which is explained by the presence of numerous crossovers that impede navigation and require constant dredging. In the Lower Ob, the negative impact on benthos, plankton and ichthyofauna will be insignificant due to the small number of small crossovers. The volumes of dredging in the fairway required to maintain guaranteed depths and dimensions have a certain environmental load, the level of which is not critical for the ecosystems of a large river. However, when creating large-scale capital bypass channels, it can increase sharply in certain years. By reducing the load, a stable shipping lane can be created and the frequency of dredging operations at each of the crossover sections can be reduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the used damage assessment method are noted.
Ecological Assessment of Sulfur Content in Agroecosystems of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia
Authors: Lukin S V , Zhuykov D V
Published: December 2021

Studies were carried out on the territory of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation. The objects of research were the soil of nature reserves and arable chernozems that were not touched by agricultural activity, typical and common, the vegetation cover of natural biocenoses and agroecosystems, and organic fertilizers. The studies found that the background content of mobile sulfur in virgin soils is at a low level: 2.31 mg/kg - in a typical chernozem and 1.83 mg/kg - in an ordinary chernozem. According to agrochemical monitoring of arable soils carried out during 2015-2018, an increase in the weighted average content of mobile sulfur by 0.7 mg/kg to 3.3 mg/kg was established, compared to 2005-2009. However, the proportion of soils low on this element remains quite high - 90.3%. The main source of sulfur supply to the soils of agroecosystems (7.52 kg/ha) are organic fertilizers, the doses of which in 2015-2018 increased to 8.1 tons/ha. The average sulfur content in the steppe mixture of herbs of reserves is 0.3-0.4 mg/kg. The highest sulfur content among perennial legumes is clover (0.61%) and alfalfa (0.60%), and among legumes - soybeans, containing 0.34% of the element in grain and 0.21% - in straw.
Using remote sensing data for environmental monitoring of water objects using GIS and machine learning
Authors: Krivoguz D , Semenova A , Mal’ko S
Published: December 2021

The main way to understand variability of any spatial data using remote sensing is calculating spectral indices. For now, some difficulties have receiving water surface temperature due to specific properties for satellite sensors and low spatial resolution. The main sources of receiving salinity data are remote sensing data from ESA SMOS, NASA Aquarius and SMAP satellites. Using different machine learning algorithms, we can get models or equations, representing dependency between studied environmental variable and different spectral channels of remote monitoring data. After receiving and collecting remote sensing data in database this system uses machine learning algorithms to find dependency between collected field data and different spectral bands of the remote sensing data. Our goal was to form an analytical system based on remote sensors and machine learning algorithm to analyse, predict and evaluate water ecosystems for fisheries and environmental protection.
Development of recommendations on the effectiveness of monitoring in the territories of traditional nature management in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug
Authors: Gaevaya E , Kustysheva I , Petuhova V
Published: December 2021

In the article, the authors consider the features of the studied territory of traditional nature management in order to develop recommendations for optimizing the system of local environmental monitoring. The existing local regulations and requirements for the development and maintenance of local environmental monitoring systems are analyzed using the example of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The ecological efficiency of the local ecological monitoring systems has been proved and recommendations have been developed for the unification of this system. The information obtained in the course of the study showed that monitoring in territories of traditional nature use is a necessary procedure for the purposes of effective management of these territories. Finding a balance between the economic activities of industrial companies and the traditional use of natural resources by the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North constantly arouses interest in the scientific community, since the territories of traditional nature use are quite vulnerable and require special measures for their use and protection.
Investigation of factors of the appearance of odor in river water at the water intake of Rostov-On-Don
Authors: Butko Denis , Lazareva Yana , Sharkova Marina
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a study of quality of natural waters and water in a centralized water supply system during the period of an increase in the “Smell” indicator in the spring of 2021. The chemical and physical properties of water, the results of quality and quantity of studying the variety I phytoplankton in the most difficult period of deterioration in quality of river water. Low water and exceeding MPC concentrations of organic substances in river water. The Don River causes altered form odorant substance as evidenced by the results of determination in water 1,2,3- t rihlorbenzol and geosmin, hexachloroethane and aniline shown in operation. Barrier function of reagent treatment methods used at water treatment plants in the lower reaches of the river. The Don River, even when combined with carbonated water, is deficient in odor-producing substances.
Changes in zooplankton communities of the Lebyazhye system restored lakes
Authors: Derevenskaya O Y
Published: December 2021

Ponds rehabilitation projects for the purpose of eco - rehabilitation following significant anthropogenic impacts or degradation are becoming more frequent but not always successful. Therefore, the experience of the restoration of the Lebyazhye system lakes in Kazan city (Russia) is interesting. Previously, the lake system used to consist of four ponds, but due to water catchment area reduction, the area of the lake system also decreased, and only one lake remained. The restoration of the Lebyazhye system lakes was carried out in 2017 and included the deepening of the basin of the Bolshoe and Svetloe Lebyazhye lakes to 4 m, the sealing of the bed of future ponds with bentonite mats, supplying water from Izumrudnoye lake through a pressure water conduit and filling the basin of the lakes with water. The research is devoted to the study of the restoration of zooplankton communities in the Lebyazhye system lakes. For this purpose, the indicators of zooplankton communities before and after eco-rehabilitation measures were compared. After the implementation of eco-rehabilitation measures, significant changes in environmental parameters were observed: the salinity of water decreased, the oxygen content in the water, pH increased. In zooplankton communities, the species richness and diversity increased, new species appeared, as well as those that lived in the lake system earlier before eco-rehabilitation measures were taken.
Ecological aspects of bivalve adaptation to salinity fluctuations on the example of Anadara Kagoshimensis
Authors: Kladchenko E , Andreyeva A , Rychkova V
Published: December 2021

Impact of salinity stress on the ark clam (Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)) hemocyte functions were investigated using flow cytometry and light scattering technique. In control group water salinity was 18 ppm and experimental groups were carried at 14 ppm, 8 ppm, 35 ppm and 45 ppm. Hemolymph osmolarity decreased at hypoosmotic conditions and increased after hyperosmotic treatment. Osmotic stress induced changes in osmotic fragility of the ark clam hemocytes. Salinity 14 ppm did not affect the functional parameters of hemocytes. Incubation of ark clams at salinity and 35 ppm did not influence on the mitochondrial membrane potential of hemocytes but led to a decrease in hemocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 30 % compared to control. An increase in water salinity to 45 ppm and its decrease to 8 ppm induced substantial changes in the ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential of hemocytes. Hyposalinity (8 ppm) led to an increase in ROS production by hemocytes (up to 2.4 times) and mitochondrial membrane potential (up to 1.3 times). An increase of salinity level from 18 ppm to 45 ppm decreased the total ability of hemocytes to produce ROS by 11% and increased mitochondrial potential of hemocytes by 150%.
Ecological features of the accumulation of carotenoids in the Black Sea molluscs
Authors: Borodina A , Zadorozhny P
Published: December 2021

The analysis of carotenoids of three species of bivalve filter feeding molluscs: Cerastoderma glaucum, Chamelea galina and Polititapis aureus, inhabiting the same ecotope, in the innermost part of the bay of the Sevastopol city, has been carried out. The dynamics of total carotenoid content (TCC) in these species had shown during 4 seasons of the year. The composition of carotenoids is presented in C. glaucum and P. aureus by 8 carotenoids, and Ch. galina - 11 carotenoids. However, in P. aureus, only 75% of the TCC were analyzed. The TCC of all 3 species of molluscs contained to 75% of the total (identical) carotenoids. Each species of molluscs retained their specific carotenoids. Comparative analysis of carotenoids between Black Sea mollusks and their species analogues from other regions of the World Ocean showed differences in the composition of carotenoids. Thus, changing environmental conditions of the same type of filter-feeding mollusk lead to the implementation of adaptation mechanisms in the body, as a result of which the qualitative composition of carotenoids changes.
Linear growth and yield of bivalve mollusks Mya Arenaria linnaeus, 1758 in the conditions of the littoral of the barents and white seas
Authors: Smolkova O V
Published: December 2021

Mya arenaria are large bivalve mollusks burrowing into the ground. Mollusks are widespread in the northern hemisphere. The growth patterns of M. arenaria were studied in the arctic part of the species’ geographic range. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the mollusks from the Severnaya Inlet of the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea have the highest growth rate. The limiting shell length is L∞=174.7 mm, and the rate of growth retardation is k=0.0518 year–1. The mollusks from the Yarnishnaya Inlet of the Barents Sea have the lowest growth rates L∞=84.27 mm, and the rate of growth retardation is k=0.0721 year-1. A positive correlation was found between the nature of the soil and the limiting shell length of mollusks (r = 0.94).
The impact of cargo turnover on the ecology of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kadyraliev A , Supaeva G , Dzholdosheva T , Maisigov L , Dzholdoshev N , Borisova A , Viliguta O
Published: December 2021

This article examines the transport sector of the Kyrgyz Republic. It is noted that transport does not produce tangible products, but, despite this, the production of transport is measured by the transport work performed - cargo turnover and passenger turnover. Accordingly, they are to some extent the units of measurement of this system. The transport system of the state plays a primary role in all its socio-economic spheres.
Deriving environmental friendly products from local waste oil and fat production
Authors: Musaev M , Rakhmatova D , Rakhimov B , Aripkhodjaeva M , Mirsharipova Z
Published: December 2021

A formulation of safe products was developed and 4 pilot batches of bitumen were obtained in small quantities - replacing binders from local waste of oil and fat and oil production. The origin and characteristics of the used local waste and additional components are considered. A scheme for obtaining a bitumen-replacement mixture for the use of insulating and roofing coverings has been developed. Experiments on the utilization of local waste by the physicochemical process and the process of raw material oxidation have been carried out. Experimental batches of bitumen-replacement mixture have been prepared for the use of insulation and roofing. The results of comparative tests of pilot batches of bitumen-replacement mixtures for physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with GOST 6617-76 are presented.
Modeling antioxidative activity of osmo-dehydrated in molasses and successively lyophilized peach
Authors: Filipović V , Petković M , Lončar B , Nićetin M , Knežević V
Published: December 2021

Investigation and modeling of osmotic dehydration parameters on antioxidative activity of peach samples in combined dehydration methods of osmotic dehydration and lyophilization are done to produce the final product of preserved and enhanced antioxidative activity. Antioxidative activity of dehydrated peach samples was investigated by measuring DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and response surface methodology for developing mathematical models was applied. The results showed that combined osmodehydration and lyophilization processes have led to the increased antioxidative activity of dehydrated peaches samples. All three investigated osmodehydration process parameters affected the increase of DPPH values, where process time was found to be the most influential parameter. Maximal obtained DPPH value of 18.25% was achieved in osmotic dehydration process of 5 hours, in 80% concentration molasses, at a temperature of 50 °C and successive 5-hour lyophilization process. Developed mathematical model of DPPH response of dehydrated peach samples was statistically significant, while predicted and observed responses had good correlation, allowing good prediction of the peach samples’ antioxidative activity.
Technological solutions for processing of fruits and vegetables: a patent mini-review for 2009-present
Authors: Trishkaneva M , Posokina N
Published: December 2021

Agricultural waste and food and processing industry waste are sources of food and biologically active substances with high nutritive value. In this regard, the development of technologies for the processing of waste and secondary raw materials can be considered as one of the promising areas for the development of alternative technologies in the production of new types of food products, which will allow for more effective development of complex deep processing of raw materials. One of the most valuable types of secondary raw materials is the waste of vegetable raw materials obtained as a result of technological processes of processing fruits and vegetables in the production of canned products. At the same time, today a rather low efficiency of waste processing is observed, which in the CIS countries on average accounts for about 45% of production and consumption waste, including in the food processing industry. For comparison, in European countries, the share of waste involved in re-production is 80–87%. In these conditions, the search for technological methods and solutions that allow the most complete use of the full potential of plant raw materials remains relevant. The article presents the results of the analysis of patent documentation for innovative developments in the use of waste generated during the production of canned products to obtain new types of functional food products.
Classification of poultry slaughter products by meat content
Authors: Kudryashova O A , Stepanova G A
Published: December 2021

It has been established that the products of processing of poultry slaughter products within the species groups can be additionally divided according to the principle of the meat part content. The meat part of the products may consist of meat and products of processing of poultry and agricultural animals slaughter products. The analysis of the possible composition of the non-meat part of the product is presented. The criterion for assigning products to a homogeneous group with a high content of the meat part – “poultry meat products” has been determined. The value of the criterion has been determined. The analysis of the protein content in model formulations of focal types of products with the established value of the criterion for assignment to a homogeneous group was carried out.
Review and analysis of technologies for harvesting perennial grain crops
Authors: Rudoy D. , Egyan M , Kulikova N , Chigvintsev V
Published: December 2021

In agriculture, according to the data of the statistical collection, the production of grain crops occupies a large part. At the moment, much attention is paid to the study of perennial crops such as Thinopyrum intermedium and Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev. These crops help to: slow down soil erosion, protect water resources, and minimize the leaching of nutrients [1,2]. The non-cereal part of the crop is a significant reserve for strengthening the fodder base of animal husbandry, expanding the range of sources of raw materials for the microbiological industry in the production of fodder proteins. The article provides an overview of technologies and equipment for harvesting grain crops, on the basis of which one of the optimal harvesting method for perennial crops is distinguished - stripping. Based on the results of the literature review, the main technologies used for harvesting grain crops were identified: direct and indirect singlephase and two-phase combine harvesting technologies; one-, two- or three-phase non-combine harvesting technologies including the “neveika” method; standing stripping technology. The purpose of this article is to review existing harvesting technologies and equipment, selection of the optimal harvesting technology for perennial crops such as Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev and Thinopyrum intermedium.
Choice of explant, its size and method of its placement in a test tube to increase the productivity of clonal micropropagation of Fioletoviy ranniy variety
Authors: Puzirnova V , Doroshenko N
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the optimization of one of the factors influencing the success of micropropagation – the choice of the optimal part of vine to take explant, size of the explant and the method of its exposure in a test tube. The studies have confirmed that the place, where micro-cutting was taken, its size and its orientation during planting can affect the speed of growth processes and the survival rate of plants. The experiment was put on the Purple Early grapevine variety. The part of vine for taking micro-cutting, best size of explant and the method of its orientation in the test tube are established.