bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Self-Oscillations in Relay Control Systems
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Kelaiaia Ridha
Published: November 2020

Some dynamical linear elements including on-off elements such as electro-mechanical relays and electronic components used in switching mode for some feedback control systems can present special features such as the capability to autonomously generate stable self-oscillations. This paper concerns the comparison of two approaches enabling to determine the frequency of self-oscillations in these systems. We examine Tsypkin’s approach which can provide analytical solutions to determining the frequency of existing self-oscillations. On the other hand, we examine the Describing Function (DF) approach which has been developed as an alternative to approximate these solutions.

We will compare these two approaches for nonlinear systems of first and second orders. We will examine particularly the possibilities and limits of each approach for calculating the self-oscillations. Simulation of these systems will be performed to visualizes their behaviors. An experimental feedback control system based on electronic circuits used in switching mode has been built as a setup enabling testing and envisioning some applications.
Fault Location in Radial Distribution Network Based on Fault Current Profile and the Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Dashtdar Majid , Dashtdar Masoud
Published: November 2020

Electricity distribution systems are subject to a variety of faults such as permanent and transient short circuits due to the extent and multiplicity of equipment. In principle, short circuit fault causes the existing protective equipment to operate and to no electricity the various parts of the distribution network. Rapid and accurate determination of fault location, repair and recovery, it has not prevented the distribution of energy. This will satisfy consumers and prevent the losses of electricity companies. In this paper, the artificial neural network and fault current profiles are used to determine the distance of the fault, determine the type of fault and detect the short circuit. This method provides the information needed to locate the fault by sampling the current before and after the fault occurs from the SCADA system. The effect of connectivity local resistance changes and the effect of load changes on fault location were evaluated. The results show that this method is more accurate than the voltage droop profile variation method in determining the fault distance and short circuit breakdown. If only the net fault current changes profile is used, the effect of the load changes in determining the short-circuit breakdown is much less.
Robotic Humanoid Arm
Authors: Gheorghe A.C.
Published: November 2020

The study aims for the development of a robotic humanoid arm for prosthesis, developed at the level of a prototype, with the help of which the user can replace a lost or missing limb. The movement of the fingers is done through servomotors and the control for the prototype is obtained by using a mobile application, this control method is used strictly for testing. The present project has a custom control board that is made from a Arduino Nano development board, Bluetooth HC-05 module, power/servo pins and provides a viable technical interfacing solution for testing the above mentioned equipment, using the Arduino Nano resources and the IDE/Java software resources.
Modeling of the Dispersion Magnetic Fields for the Single-Phase Transformers
Authors: Solcanu V. , Gaiceanu M. , Constantinescu M. , Samoilescu Ghe. , Sotir A.
Published: November 2020

Different methods of dispersion magnetic fields solutions for single phase transformers are presented in this paper. The transformers are with cylinder windings placed onto a single column. The transformer construction transformer is in the mantle. The analytic equation expression of finding dispersion magnetic fields have been delivered and the obtained solution has been verified by the experimental field measurements.
The Absolutely Strongly Star-Hurewicz Property with Respect to an Ideal
Authors: Singh Sumit , Tyagi Brij K. , Bhardwaj Manoj
Published: November 2020

Aspace X is said to have the absolutely strongly star -𝒤-Hurewicz (ASS𝒤H) property if for each sequence (𝒰
n
: n ∈ 𝕅)of opencovers of X and each dense subset Y of X, there is a sequence (Fn
: n ∈ 𝕅) of finite subsets of Y such that for each x ∈ X, {n ∈ 𝕅 : x ∉ St(Fn
, 𝒰
n
)}∈ 𝒤, where 𝒤 is the proper admissible ideal of 𝕅. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the ASS𝒤H property and other related properties and study the topological properties of the ASS𝒤H property. This paper generalizes several results of Song [25] to the larger class of spaces having the ASS𝒤H properties.
Nonlinear Second Order Impulsive Difference Equations and their Oscillation Properties
Authors: Tripathy Arun Kumar , Chhatria Gokula Nanda
Published: November 2020

In this work, we state and discuss the sufficient conditions for oscillation and nonoscillation of a class of nonlinear second order neutral impulsive difference equations with fixed moments of impulsive effect for various ranges of the neutral coefficient p(n).
Konsekwencje suburbanizacji dla miast i stref podmiejskich w świetle literatury krajowej i zagranicznej
Authors: Stelmaszewska Natalia
Published: November 2020

Abstrakt

Artykuł obejmuje analizę wpływu suburbanizacji na sferę społeczną, kulturową, funkcjonalno-przestrzenną, gospodarczą oraz na środowisko naturalne Polski. Opracowanie rozpatruje konsekwencje zjawiska z perspektywy suburbiów oraz miasta centralnego. Dla celów niniejszej publikacji dokonano analizy publikacji krajowych opisujących badania procesu w miastach Polski oraz publikacji zagranicznych. Pozycje anglojęzyczne obejmowały badaniami skutki suburbanizacji w miastach Europy, Azji, Ameryki Północnej, Ameryki Łacińskiej oraz Afryki. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu zaproponowano kategoryzację konsekwencji suburbanizacji. Kategoryzacja obejmuje skutki gospodarcze, funkcjonalno-przestrzenne, społeczno-kulturowe oraz przyrodnicze.
Metody tworzenia analiz zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym w trybie art. 32 ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym w oparciu o dokumenty sporządzane przez gminy
Authors: Fogel Piotr
Published: November 2020

Abstrakt

Analiza zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym, ocena postępów w opracowywaniu planów miejscowych i opracowanie wieloletnich programów ich sporządzania w nawiązaniu do ustaleń studium opracowywana w trybie art. 32 ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym jest dokumentem, który w założeniu odgrywać ma ważną rolę w ocenie aktualności realizowanej polityki przestrzennej gminy oraz aktualności miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Jej główna funkcja – ocena – polega na zbadaniu skali zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym i wynikającej z tego potrzeby dokonywania korekt obowiązujących aktów planowania przestrzennego. Analiza ta ma także zawierać ocenę postępów w opracowywaniu planów miejscowych i ustalać wieloletnie programy ich sporządzania. Artykuł jest przeglądem różnych metod tworzenia analiz zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym poprzez analizę zawartości przygotowywanych przez samorządy dokumentów. Badanie wykazało, że w zdecydowanej większości przypadków analizy te mają charakter ułomny, niewiele wnoszący do gospodarowania przestrzenią w gminie. Są one nierzadko atrapą dokumentu planistycznego, który ma za zadanie spełnić podstawowy ustawowy wymóg – być. Jednocześnie wskazać należy, że na drugim biegunie znajdują się mądre, przemyślane i wnikliwe opracowania, z których wynikają dla władz konkretne wnioski i powiązane z nimi zadania. W podsumowaniu artykułu zawarto także rekomendacje metodyczne dotyczące tworzenia analiz zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Ich źródłem są najlepsze zastosowane przez gminy rozwiązania oraz doświadczenia własne autora.
EKOMIASTO – przykład Krakowa
Authors: Matuszko Antoni , Matuszko Dorota
Published: November 2020

Abstrakt

Pod pojęciem ekomiasta rozumiano miasto ekologiczne działające zgodnie z koncepcją zrównoważonego rozwoju. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie działań proekologicznych w zakresie poprawy klimatu w mieście. Na wstępie opisano niekorzystne cechy klimatu miasta w aspekcie globalnego ocieplenia na przykładzie danych klimatologicznych z Krakowa. Zwrócono uwagę na zróżnicowanie przestrzenne warunków klimatycznych w zależności od zagospodarowania terenu. Przedstawiono sposoby poprawy warunków aerosanitarnych i adaptacji miasta do zmian klimatu. Wykazano, że działania proekologiczne podejmowane w Krakowie dają podstawę do stwierdzenia, że Kraków już wkrótce może stać się przykładem ekomiasta, a także wzorem dla innych miast w Polsce.
A Proposal for the Abandonment of the Writing Requirement for Arbitration Agreements in National Laws
Authors: Do Van Dai
Published: November 2020

An arbitration agreement is an agreement in which two or more parties agree that a dispute which has arisen or may arise between them shall be resolved by one or more arbitrators. For the past decades, the written form has been a key requirement for arbitration agreements. However, there has arisen a shift in national laws towards the abandonment of this formal requirement to give the parties more freedom in the expression of their arbitration agreement. This argues for this abandonment and discusses how this can be realized in national laws.
Development of a Competitive Air-Transport Market in Vietnam: Issues and Experience for Countries in Transition
Authors: Pham Hoai Huan
Published: November 2020

In the last decade, the development of the air-transport market in Vietnam has been remarkable. The country has become one of the world’s fastest growing air-transport market after adopting the Law of Civil Aviation in 2006. However, there are various issues that limit fair competition in the domestic air-transport market. By analysing the conditions of access to resources in the sector, this paper aims to identify factors that directly affect competition in the airline business in Vietnam and propose some policy changes to improve competitiveness in the air-transport market, which might be of relevance to other countries in transition.
Tackling Xenophobia through Dialogue: A Freirean Approach
Authors: John Vaughn Mitchell
Published: November 2020

The deadly violence associated with xenophobia has become a concern in South Africa, a country with historically high levels of violence. This article explores the role that peace education can play in mitigating such conflict. Using Paulo Freire’s theorisation of dialogue in education, it discusses a peace education intervention that developed participatory workshops to foster dialogue between South Africans and their neighbours of foreign origin soon after the second wave of violence in South Africa in 2015. The article discusses the curriculum and pedagogical intent of the workshops through a theoretical framing of dialogue, how participants and facilitators responded to such plans and what learning and action were generated from these workshops. The experiences of participants and facilitators reveal a preliminary stage of deepening understandings in terms of reviewing rigid us/them dichotomies and identities, and reviewing stereotypical understandings of causes of conflict. The final section offers some critical reflections on the workshop design and the role of such interventions in relation to goals of broader social change. Some recommendations for future workshops in light of the need for psychosocial support generated by the workshop process are offered.
Caring for Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Caregivers’ Experiences
Authors: Mazibuko Nomfundo , Shilubane Hilda , Manganye Solomon
Published: November 2020

Although awareness about autism has increased in developed countries, more so than in developing countries, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood by most South Africans, especially those in remote areas and in areas where research is limited. Furthermore, intervention services are often scarce or not available due to lack of knowledge amongst healthcare professionals. The current study aimed to explore caregivers’ experiences of children with ASD in the Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative approach, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews, in which an interview guide was used. Twelve participants were selected purposively from the three different schools in the Ehlanzeni District and interviewed for the study. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study adhered to ethical considerations. The findings of the study indicated that caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD experienced psychological stress; social stress; financial burden; lack of family support; and reported unavailability and accessibility of services. Therefore, information regarding a range of inexpensive interventions and educational programmes should be available for caregivers in order to reduce their psychological and social stress. Medicines should be available and accessible within the district to avoid caregivers having to travel long hours to access them, and to reduce their financial burden. Caregivers’ support groups should also be established.
Determinants of Nursing Campuses’ Readiness to Use a Computerised Training Tool
Authors: Roos Janetta , Naidoo Udes , Sandy Peter
Published: November 2020

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Computerised Adaptation and Training Tool (ICATT) is an emergent training tool for improving the efficiency of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) case management training in an in-service or pre-service context. This article reports on a study that explored nursing campuses’ readiness to use ICATT. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was employed at 10 nursing campuses in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Campus principals, nurse educators and learners were purposively sampled. The inclusion criteria were: for the campus principals – their willingness to participate; for the nurse educators – having received and facilitated IMCI case management training; and for the learners – being either second or third year trainees in the R425 training programme. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from the seven campus principals, while eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with the nurse educators and learners. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted manually, and trustworthiness was ensured. The determinants identified were: a positive attitude; enablers for ICATT implementation; and barriers to ICATT implementation. However, the barriers could have an impact on the adoption of an electronic tool for IMCI case management training. Recommendations include developing the infrastructure at nursing campuses; offering nurse educators training on the implementation of ICATT for teaching; and developing the learners’ computer skills. Nurse educators may use ICATT effectively in teaching IMCI case management, while also stimulating independent learning and creativity for the learners involved.
Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in adults – A case report and literature review
Authors: Horsfall Hugo Layard , Gharooni Aref-Ali , Al-Mousa Alaa , Shtaya Anan , Pereira Erlick
Published: November 2020

Background:

Traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is extremely rare in adult versus pediatric populations. Patients usually present with post-traumatic neck pain and torticollis. Surgical management aims at reducing the deformity and stabilizing the spine utilizing external orthotics, and/or internal reduction/fixation.

Methods:

A 65-year-old female fell downstairs at home. She complained of neck pain with right-sided tenderness and torticollis. The radiographic studies and CT scan demonstrated AARS. This led to an emergent open reduction with internal fixation at the C1-C2 level.

Results:

We identified 25 similar cases of AARS in the English literature. Patients averaged 28.7 years of age and mostly sustained motor vehicle accidents largely treated with traction/orthotics; only six patients required surgical open reduction/internal fixation.

Conclusion:

In this case, the patient’s C1-C2 deformity required open reduction/internal fixation rather than bracing alone.
Craniovertebral junction anomaly with kissing carotids
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Gosal Jaskaran Singh , Tiwari Sarbesh , Garg Mayank , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: November 2020

Background:

“Kissing carotids” typically involves the lower C4-C6 retropharyngeal space. Here, we describe a case of “kissing carotids” observed at the C1-C2 level in conjunction with basilar invagination (BI).

Case Description:

A 34-year-old-male presented with congenital atlantoaxial dislocation and BI. The initial surgical plan was for a transoral decompression (TOD). However, this approach was abandoned when the preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) documented “kissing carotids” lying anteriorly at the C1-C2 level.

Conclusion:

Obtaining a CTA before performing a TOD for BI is essential to prevent an intraoperative catastrophic hemorrhage due to the laceration of “kissing carotids.”
The last will of Princess Anna Aloise Ostrozka, a widow of Yan Karol Khodkevych, Voivode of Vilno
Authors: Demchenko Lyudmyla , Teslenko Igor
Published: November 2020

Публікація є виданням тестаменту (заповіту) княжни Анни-Алоїзи Ходкевич 1651 р., а також двох додатків до нього, датованих 1651 і 1653 рр.
Beata de Kościelec Ostrozka and Hryhoriy Senyuta Lyakhovetsky: notes on the relationship between the princess and the nobleman
Authors: Vykhovanets Taras
Published: November 2020

Стаття є джерелознавчим дослідженням, в якому аналізуються невідомі раніше приватні листи княгині Беати Острозької до свого сусіда Григорія Сенюти-Ляховецького. На їх підставі автор знахідки розповідає про взаємини магнатки і шляхтича – і про співпрацю між ними, і про конфлікти. Спеціальне місце в роботі приділене історії формування Янушпільського маєтку князів Острозьких у 1530-1560-х роках
Danylo Shcherbakivsky's expedition to Podillya and Volhynia (1926). Portraits from Izyaslav
Authors: Lytovchenko Antonina
Published: November 2020

У статті йдеться про одну з експедицій відомого українського етнографа й мистецтвознавця Данила Щербаківського, під час якої в ізяславських бернардинському монастирі та фарному костелі було виявлено ряд портретів, згодом перевезених до Києва. Авторка описує та ідентифікує 7 полотен, які нині зберігаються у фондах Національного музею історії України. Текст супроводжується додатками у вигляді репродукції портретів та публікацією уривку зі щоденника Данила Щербаківського з огляд пам’яток м. Ізяслава.
Historical Method in Bibliography Science by E.K. Bespalova
Authors: Azheeva Elena Y.
Published: November 2020

The scientific legacy of Emilia Konstantinovna Bespalova, well-known Russian bibliographer, theorist and historian of bibliography, includes more than 200 works. She laid her own line in theoretical and methodological understanding of bibliography science and activity. “Formation of Bibliographic Thought in Russia (Up to the 60s of the 19th century)” is the last fundamental work of E.K. Bespalova; it describes the philosophical and methodological explication of bibliography as a naturally occurring phenomenon of information nature. There was formed unique method of analysis that considered historical and bibliographic facts in the context of professionalization of bibliographic activity. The analysis of bibliographic phenomena applied by E.K. Bespalova can be generally described as combination of modern theoretical knowledge on bibliography, methodology of system-activity approach and philosophy of historical process. The historical-theoretical method of studying bibliographic activity at different stages of its development allows a modern researcher to see the institutional significance of bibliographic processes as one of the full-fledged components of the global information picture.

Analyzing the initial, original object of bibliographic activity — a book, the scientist proves that it was the process of replication and therefore the need to create the secondary structure of a book in a form of title page, which made a book to be the “book”. Through the concept of “book” E.K. Bespalova also traces interaction and sequential connection of three systems — “knowledge”, “book” (“document”) and “bibliographic document”. From the point of view of cognitive potential of the history of bibliography, bibliographical guide is of historical and theoretical interest being the result of activity and the object of desobjectivation in it of the conceptual theoretical-methodological and historical representations of authors, composers and doers of the history of bibliography. As the main differentiation of bibliographic products, Bespalova puts forward the division into timer bibliographic subsystems (reflection of current, retrospective, prospective primary flow) and chorographic subsystems that restrict documentary flows by the territorial and linguistic principle. The historical method by E.K. Bespalova reveals a wide range of theoretical foundations that enrich modern bibliography science.
Determinantes del liderazgo en la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: León Valle Benjamín Wilson , Vélez García Gladys María , Castro Loor Divar Esteban , Nuñez De La Cruz William
Published: November 2020

El liderazgo es un componente fundamental en el desarrollo, particularmente en la organización social, este le ha dado un impulso importante al progreso de la humanidad, razón suficiente para ser motivo de estudio y línea de investigación de diversas universidades en el mundo, en este contexto, el grupo de investigación conformado por docente Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE). Se  plantean el objetivo de identificar las características; rasgos y estilo que presenta el liderazgo en la provincia de Santa Elena, como factor determinante para adquirir identidad, desde la perspectiva cultural. El diseño metodológico de la investigación se desarrolla desde el enfoque mixto; cuali-cuantitativo, fundamentado en el método descriptivo, como técnica de recolección de datos la encuesta y análisis bibliográfico. Para la recolección de los datos se seleccionó la muestra de la población empadronada en el Consejo Nacional electoral – provincial, estos  que dan sustento al estudio.  El resultado obtenido sirvió de insumo para operativamente establecer marcos teóricos-prácticos,  contextualizados, de las particularidades; que son un distintivo que presenta el liderazgo en la provincia.
Niveles de depresión en adultos mayores atendidos en un hospital de segundo nivel
Authors: Lliguisupa Peláez Verónica , Álvarez-Ochoa Robert , Bermejo Cayamcela Deysi , Ulloa Castro Adriana , Estrada Cherres Johanna
Published: November 2020

La depresión es una enfermedad habitual en los ancianos que tiene impacto negativo tanto por su elevada prevalencia, como por sus efectos adversos sobre la salud de quién la padece. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los niveles de depresión en adultos mayores atendidos en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Se efectuó una investigación descriptiva y transversal durante el período julio-agosto 2017, se estudiaron 82 adultos mayores de 65 años que aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se registraron edad, sexo, residencia, escolaridad, estado civil, se aplicó la Escala de Depresión de Yesavage (GDS-15) para valorar síntomas depresivos en el adulto mayor. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por 43.9% hombres y 56.1% mujeres. El 35.3% de los adultos mayores presentaron depresión leve, el 11% depresión establecida y el 53.7% no presentaron rasgo depresivo. Concluyendo, las percepciones negativas hacia las vivencias en este ciclo de vida, en conjunto con la sensación de soledad, desesperanza, pérdida de interés en actividades cotidianas y temor, influyen en los síntomas de depresión y en el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.
Integración de las TIC en el currículo desde la perspectiva de los investigadores que incurren en la temática
Authors: Cruz Pérez Miguel Alejandro , Pozo Vinueza Mónica Alexandra , Juca Aulestia José Marcelo , Sánchez Ramírez Lida De la Caridad
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de la literatura sobre la integración de las Tecnología de la Información y la comunicación (TIC) en el currículo en el ámbito de la educación superior, resultado de la primera etapa de un trabajo más amplio donde se diagnosticó el uso de las TIC durante la actividad investigativa en la Universidad Nacional de Loja (UNL) de Loja, Ecuador. Se utilizaron descriptores en español: empleo de las TIC, integración de las TIC en educación, integración curricular de las TIC en la educación superior, currículo, integración. La captura de los datos se realizó con el apoyo de distintas bases de datos en el Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal (Redalyc), Google Académico, Latindex. A partir del tratamiento de la información se seleccionaron 24 artículos en los cuales se analizaron los títulos y contenido. Se obtuvieron algunos comportamientos ya enunciados en la literatura y en otros casos, se precisa de una discusión vigente a partir de características esenciales para comprender cómo se caracteriza la integración de las TIC en el currículo en la educación superior.
Parametrización del controlador de flujo para disminuir el consumo de desinfectante en el lavado de garrafones.
Authors: De La Cruz Pozo Luis , Villamar Garcés Elsy
Published: November 2020

El proceso de lavado de garrafones de 20 litros basado en un sistema con diseños de control, permite mejorar el consumo del desinfectante determinando una cantidad estimada para cada garrafón en un tiempo promedio, esto se da mediante la ejecución realizada en una estructura diseñada para dos botellones, en donde descansan sobre dos soportes previamente construidos por sistema de impresión 3D que es lo ideal para este proceso ya que no existen en el mercado, la ubicación del garrafón será 90° en dirección hacia abajo sujeto por fricción que evita que salga expulsado por la fuerza del flujo, el proceso es manipulado mediante botones físicos de acción o botones digitales diseñados en una interfaz gráfica (HMI), obtener el flujo necesario para el proceso de lavado requiere de una identificación, es decir el modelo analítico, que será realizado en la etapa del bombeo del desinfectante, consiguiendo como resultado una ecuación denominada función de transferencia, esto implica una lectura de datos que obtendremos con un sensor de flujo, la misma que nos permitirá extraer una base de datos para el proceso de identificación obtenida mediante programación en el software TIA Portal, este registro de información del flujo será procesado en la plataforma de Matlab que es la que nos permitirá determinar dicha función, al obtener esta ecuación podemos diseñar el controlador en la misma planta con la cual podremos programar el controlador en TIA Portal con los valores obtenidos.
Elementos para la generación de competiividad y crecimiento en la provincia de El Oro
Authors: Celi Carrión Andrés , Campuzano Vásquez John
Published: November 2020

En la presente investigación se realiza una revisión a varios modelos económicos exitosos a nivel mundial considerando su contexto territorial y los mecanismos usados para promover competitividad, esta revisión ha sido realizada considerando artículos científicos que pertenecen a revistas muy bien posicionadas en esta área. La presente se realiza con el fin de poder hacer un análisis fundamentado de los diferentes modelos estudiados que han sido adoptados por diferentes países, de los cuales se destacan gran variedad de logros sociales y económicos, además de los factores que posibilitan su excelente desempeño y las estrategias utilizadas. De acuerdo con dicha información se pretende elaborar un modelo de competitividad que impulse el crecimiento y posterior desarrollo dentro de nuestro país, específicamente en la provincia de El Oro, haciendo un recuento del modelo de competitividad de Porter, potenciando y destacando sus principales factores productivos como lo son su puerto marítimo, la exportación de productos, el turismo, entre otros.
Triplet Stabilization for the Enhanced Drug Photorelease from Sunscreen-Based Photocages
Authors: Lineros-Rosa Mauricio , Cuquerella Maria Consuelo , Francés-Monerris Antonio , Monari Antonio , Miranda Miguel Angél , Lhiaubet-Vallet Virginie
Published: November 2020

Recently, sunscreen-based drug photocages have been introduced to provide UV protection to photoactive drugs, thus increasing their photosafety. Here, combined experimental and theoretical studies performed on a photocage based on the commercial UVA filter avobenzone (AB) and on the photosensitizing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KP) are presented unveiling the photophysical processes responsible for the light-triggered release. Particular attention is paid to solvent stabilization of the drug and UV filter excited states, respectively, which leads to a switching between the triplet excited state energies of the AB and KP units. Most notably, we show that the stabilization of the AB triplet excited state in ethanol solution is the key requirement for an efficient photouncaging. By contrast, in apolar solvents, in particular hexane, KP has the lowest triplet excited state, hence acting as an energy acceptor quenching the AB triplet manifold, thus inhibiting the desired photoreaction.
The Activation Efficiency of Mechanophores Can Be Modulated by Adjacent Polymer Composition
Authors: Kumar Sourabh , Stauch Tim
Published: November 2020

The activation efficiency of mechanophores in stress-responsive polymers is generally limited by the competing process of unspecific scission in other parts of the polymer chain. Here it is shown that the linker between the mechanophore and the polymer backbone determines the force needed to activate the mechanophore. Using quantum chemical methods, it is demonstrated that the activation forces of three mechanophores (Dewar benzene, benzocyclobutene and gem-dichlorocyclopropane) can be adjusted over a range of almost 300% by modifying the chemical composition of the linker. The results are discussed in terms of changes in electron density, strain distribution and structural parameters during the rupture process. Using these findings it is straightforward to either significantly enhance or reduce the activation rate of mechanophores in stress-responsive materials, depending on the desired use case. The methodology is applied to switch a one-step “gating” of a mechanochemical transformation to a two-step process.
Local Spin and Open Quantum Systems: Clarifying Misconceptions, Unifying Approaches
Authors: Martín Pendás Angel , Francisco Evelio
Published: November 2020

We now show that Clark and Davidson local spins operators are perfectly defined subsystem operators if a fragment is taken as an open quantum system (OQS). Open systems have become essential in quantum control and quantum computation, but have not received much attention in Chemistry. We have already shown (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2018, 15, 1079) how real space OQSs can be defined in molecular systems and how they offer new insights relating quantum mechanical entaglement and chemical bonding. The OQS account of local spin that we offer yields a rigorous, yet easily accessible way to rationalize local spin values. A fragment is found in a mixed state direct sum of sectors characterized by different number of electrons that occur with different probabilities. The local spin is then a weighted sum of otherwise standard S(S+1) values. With OQS glasses, it is obvious that atomic or fragment spins should not vanish. Our approach thus casts doubts on any procedure used to annihilate them, like those used by Mayer and coworkers. OQS local spins allow for a fruitful use of models. One can propose easily sector probabilities for localized, covalent, ionic, zwitterionic, etc. situations, and examine their ideal local spins. We have mapped all 2c-2e cases, and shown how to do that in general multielectron cases. The role of electron correlation is also studied by tuning the Hubbard U/t parameter for H chains. Correlation induced localization changes the spin-coupling patterns even qualitatively, and show how the limiting antiferromagnet arises.
THE PHENOMENON OF LEV GUMILEV IN THE POETIC SPACE OF THREE POETS
Authors: Ефремова Ирина Львовна
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается поэзия Льва Николаевича Гумилёва как часть эстетического пространства трёх поэтов. Стилевое и мотивное сходство его стихотворных произведений с лирикой Анны Ахматовой и Николая Гумилёва объясняется не подражанием и не влиянием, а мировоззренческой общностью, восходящей к эстетической платформе серебряного века. Особое внимание уделяется самобытности поэзии Льва Гумилёва.

The article is devoted to the poetry of Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev as a part of the aesthetic space of three poets. The stylistic and motivational similarity of his poetic works with those of Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov is explained not by the fact of imitation or influence, but by the similarity of the worldview that goes back to the aesthetic platform of the Silver Age. Special attention is paid to the originality of Lev Gumilev’s poetry.
«SUR L’HERBE» BY VERLAINE IN SOLOGUB’S AND BRYUSOV’S TRANSLATIONS: TO THE PROBLEM OF STYLISTIC INNOVATIONS IN RUSSIAN SYMBOLISM
Authors: Кихней Любовь Геннадьевна , Устиновская Алена Александровна
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу двух переводов стихотворения Поля Верлена «На траве», выполненных русскими поэтами Ф.К. Сологубом и В.Я. Брюсовым. Оригинальный текст воплощает в себе принципы импрессионизма, которые были по-разному переданы и поняты двумя переводчиками - в ключе их собственных стилистических поисков русского символизма.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of two translations of Paul Verlaine’s poem «On the Grass», made by Russian poets F.K. Sologub and V.Ya. Bryusov. The original text embodies the principles of impressionism, which were transmitted and understood in different ways by the two translators - in the vein of their own stylistic innovations characteristic for the Russian symbolism.
THE SYSTEM OF CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL IN VERSES «PARTHANDRE AND GLAPHYRA» BY V. GORYANSKY
Authors: Марков Александр Викторович
Published: November 2020

Роман в стихах Валентина Горянского «Парфандр и Глафира», следуя схеме античного романа и мещанской драмы, содержит размышления о поэте и поэзии в духе «Евгения Онегина» и «Домика в Коломне» Пушкина. Анализ структуры персонажей позволяет реконструировать замысел романа. В нем важно различие не только между автором и лирическим повествователем, но и лирическим повествователем и идеализируемым им чистым лириком, равно как и отношения двух главных героев подчиняются и логике символов (времена года, сны, увлечения), и строению речи. Оба героя недостаточно красноречивы по разным причинам, но, вовлекая друг друга во влияние своих речей, они окончательно самоопределяются как поэтическая личность и прозаическая личность. При этом тема эмиграции меняется по ходу действия: от утраченного рая до той позиции, которая позволяет оценить не только самостоятельность героев, но и их культурное самоопределение. Тем самым эмиграция оказывается способом пересоздать отношения между чистой лирикой и сюжетной лирикой и тем самым понять границы самоопределения поэта в ХХ веке. Это позволяет поставить роман в стихах «Парфандр и Глафира» в один ряд не только с подражаниями «Евгению Онегину», но и с такими памятниками лирического самоопределения, как «Лодейников» Заболоцкого и «Спекторский» Пастернака.

The novel in verses «Parthandre and Glaphyra» by Valentin Goryansky, following the scheme of the ancient novel and bourgeois drama, contains reflections on the poet and poetry in the mood of «Eugene Onegin» and «House in Kolomna» by Pushkin. The analysis of the structure of the characters allows one to reconstruct the idea of the novel. There, it is important to note the difference not only between the author and the lyrical narrator, but also between he lyrical narrator and the pure lyricist idealized by him. Parallel to the relations of the two main characters, they obey both the logic of symbols (seasons, dreams, hobbies), and the structure of speech. Both heroes are not eloquent enough for various reasons, but involving each other in the influence of their speeches, they are finally self-defined as a poetic person and a prosaic person. At the same time, the theme of emigration changes in the course of action: from the lost paradise to the position which allows us to evaluate not only the independence of the heroes, but also their cultural self-determination. Thus, emigration is a way to recreate the relationships between pure lyrics and plot lyrics, and thereby understand the boundaries of the poet’s self-determination in the 20th century. This allows us to put the novel in verses «Parthandre and Glaphyra» on a par not only with imitations of «Eugene Onegin», but also with such monuments of lyrical self-determination as «Lodeynikov» by Zabolotsky and «Spektorsky» by Pasternak.
THE «1985» BY D. DALOSH AS A «TEXT-CONTUNUATION» OF DYSTOPIAN NOVEL «1984» BY G. ORWELL
Authors: Кудина Анастасия Юрьевна
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена проблеме «текста-продолжения» как одного из видов вторичного текста. В качестве материала для анализа представлен вторичный текст «1985», роман Д. Далоша, являющийся продолжением романа-антиутопии «1984» Дж. Оруэлла. Роман «1985» исследуется с позиций теории вторичных текстов М.В. Вербицкой. Ключевой особенностью романа «1985» является «повествовательная стратегия», избранная автором «текста-продолжения», которая может быть определена как нелинейный нарратив.

The article is devoted to the problem the «text-continuations», which were widely presented in the era of postmodernism. The research is based on the analysis of intertextual relations of the initial text («1984» by G. Orwell) and of the «text-continuation» («1985» by D. Dalosh) according to the theory of M.V. Verbitskaya. The «narrative strategy» chosen by the author of the «text-continuation» can be defined as a non-linear narrative.
El papel de la cooperación alemana en las alianzas público-privadas para el desarrollo sostenible en América Latina
Authors: Pintor-Pirzkall Heike Clara
Published: November 2020

Dentro del marco de la cooperación Sur-Sur, Alemania participa hoy en nuevas modalidades de cooperación al desarrollo, como son la cooperación triangular o las alianzas público-privadas (APP), que se han convertido en instrumentos vitales para el desarrollo de infraestructuras en la región, que no serían viables sin el apoyo del sector privado. La Agencia Alemana de Cooperación (GIZ), la Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (Olade) y la Comisión Económica para América Latina (Cepal) trabajan en un ambicioso programa (Proyecto Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable en América Latina), que utilizaremos como base en el presente artículo con el objetivo de evaluar el papel de la APP, la importancia de la cooperación alemana como actor principal en la promoción de proyectos energéticos sostenibles y el impacto de estos en la integración del continente latinoamericano.
Fatal diffuse pleural calcification due to Tuberculosis- An unexplained entity
Authors:   National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
Published: November 2020

Diffuse pleural thickening has many causes and often need to be diagnosed early as delay in treatment can be lethal. Diffuse pleural thickening can be due to calcifications and may occur as a result of chronic infections including Tuberculous effusion. Primary pleural calcification due to Tuberculosis is extremely rare. A 28 year old patient was presented with exertional dyspnea, chronic cough and pleuritic type chest pain for a period of 4 months. CXR showed left sided diffuse pleural calcifications and ultrasonography showed calcified pleura with thick echogenic material suggestive of an empyema. Further evaluation with a CECT showed left sided diffusely calcified, septated pleura with empyema and contralateral early pleural and peritoneal calcification. Pleural aspiration showed a hemorrhagic exudative lymphocytic effusion with high ADA titer. Cytology did not reveal malignant cells. His serum calcium level was normal. He was diagnosed to have extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and was treated with standard anti TB treatment with an intercostal tube drainage. Despite TB treatment he passed away due to respiratory distress caused by pleural thickening. This case highlights the importance of timely initiation of anti TB treatment and the capacity of Tuberculosis to cause diffuse pleural calcification which can be fatal in an untreated setting.
OPTIMIZATION OF A SUN VECTOR DETERMINATION FOR PINHOLE TYPE SUN SENSOR
Authors: Faizullin Dmytro , Hiraki Koju , Team HORYU-IV , Cho Mengu
Published: November 2020

The sun vector is commonly used for defining a satellite attitude and many types of sensors exist for its determination. An attitude determination system is designed for each satellite project based on missions’ requirements. A fine pinhole sun sensor type was chosen and designed for HORYU-IV nanosatellite of Kyushu Institute of Technology. This sensor has a round-shaped hole and uses commercial off-the-shelf silicon photodiode, which consists of four small sensitive elements arranged close to each other. This type of sensors commonly uses look-up tables for providing high accuracy, which requires a large amount of data to be saved. Linear and polynomial methods for sun vector determination were considered instead of look-up tables to avoid having a large amount of data to be saved. Moreover, the influence of dead spaces between photodiodes on sensor accuracy was also investigated. Six real sun sensors and their theoretical models with different configurations were designed for investigating the difference between various calculating methods. The comparison of accuracies between proposed methods for real sun sensor models leads to two main findings: 1) on average, a polynomial method decreases error level of determined angle by 70% when compared with linear method; 2) accounting for gaps between photodiodes further decreases the average error of the angle determined by 15 % for polynomial, and by 6% for linear method when compared with methods not accounting for gaps.
DETERMINANTS OF PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING OF INDIAN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Kumar Panda Santosh , Prasad Panda Ganesh , Kumar Swain Anil
Published: November 2020

Compulsory sanctioning credit or priority sector lending (PSL) is part of the regulatory framework for commercial banks/ financial institutions in many countries, both developing and developed. However, compliance and lending effectiveness of such programs may be determined by a number of factors. This may be particularly so in developing countries, where availability of finance for the vulnerable sectors likes agriculture, small businesses, weaker sections, are scarce. The present paper aims at examining the patterns of priority sector lending by banks, with a view to identifying the factors which determine this lending The paper is based on an analysis of secondary data relating to priority sector lending (2006-07-2015-16) for the Public sector banks in India. The results indicate gaps in patterns of the sect oral target compliance by different bank groups, along with the lending preferences and challenges faced by banks in such lending. It also identifies bank-specific characteristics like the nature of ownership, size, performance, etc., which have a significant impact on the priority sector lending patterns. Based on its findings, the paper offers policy suggestions for improving the effectiveness of priority sector lending program.
PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE
Authors: Rahmat Budy , Natawijaya Dedi , Surahman Endang
Published: November 2020

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.
“WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD”: THROUGH THE LENSES OF LEVINASIAN ETHICAL RELATEDNESS AND LAYDERIAN UNCONTROLLABLE DESIRE
Authors: CAN Dilek Tüfekçi
Published: November 2020

The first novel written by E. M. Forster entitled Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905) revolves around two distinctive cultures and societies. Forster deliberately juxtaposes the characters both from Sawston, England, and Monteriano, Italy to expose the effect of unfamiliar settings and values on the spirituality of the human being. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to examine the perceptions and manner of female and male characters to the established cultural norms and societal codes of the Edwardian society through the lenses of Emanuel Levinas’s “ethical relatedness” and Derek Layder’s “uncontrollable desire” besides the perspectives of many other scholars. This study attempts, on the one hand, to explore Levinasian “ethical relatedness” with its concepts such as “sensibility”, “subjectivity” and “proximity”, on the other, discovers Layderian “uncontrollable desire” in conformity with mimetic theory. In Levinasian terms, subjectivity to otherness indicates that all the characters interact with the other by means of their own ethical relatedness as is the case in the novel. In regard to Levinas’s notion, Forster also provides proximity among his characters mostly, spiritual and emotional proximity by considering the prereflective locus of the self. In order to do this, Forster employs distant countries, nations and classes. Apart from Levinas, this study also unveils the secrecy of “uncontrollable desire” in the inner mental life and rational thought of the characters through the Layderian perspective. The study concludes that both male and female characters, somewhat, behave inconformity with their own ethical relatedness and try to control their “uncontrollable desire”.