bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial of an Educational Program to Decrease Monitor Alarms in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Brantley Arian , Collins-Brown Sandra , Kirkland Jasmine , Knapp Meghan , Pressley Jackie , Higgins Melinda , McMurtry James P.
Published: August 2016

Clinical research to identify effective interventions for decreasing nonactionable alarms has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine if a staff educational program on customizing alarm settings on bedside monitors decreased alarms in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). A preintervention, postintervention, nonequivalent group design was used to evaluate an educational program on alarm management in a convenience sample of MICU nurses. A 15-minute session was provided in a 1-week period. The outcome variable (number of alarms for low oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry [SpO2]) was determined from monitor log files adjusted by patient census. Data were collected for 15 days before and after the intervention. χ2 analysis was used, with P less than .05 considered significant. After 1 week of education, low SpO2 alarms decreased from 502 to 306 alarms per patient monitored per day, a 39% reduction (P < .001). Instructions for nurses in the medical intensive care unit on individualizing alarm settings to patients’ clinical condition decreased common monitor alarms by 39%.
Balloon Pumps Inserted via the Subclavian Artery
Authors: Murks Catherine , Juricek Colleen
Published: August 2016

Intra-aortic balloon pumps have traditionally been inserted via the femoral artery, limiting patients’ activity and exposing patients to complications of immobility. For patients awaiting cardiac transplant, these complications may threaten a successful outcome, or at the least, complicate recuperation after transplant. A novel approach to insertion of balloon pumps via the subclavian artery is presented here, including routine nursing care, complications and related nursing actions, and experience with and advantages of this method. A team approach to care of these patients, including rehabilitation and exercise protocols, is recommended.
Decision Support Tool to Improve Glucose Control Compliance After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Fedosov Vitali , Dziadzko Mikhail , Dearani Joseph A. , Brown Daniel R. , Pickering Brian W. , Herasevich Vitaly
Published: August 2016

Hyperglycemia control is associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The Surgical Care Improvement Project metric (SCIP-inf-4) was introduced as a performance measure in surgical patients and included hyperglycemia control. Compliance with the SCIP-inf-4 metric remains suboptimal. A novel real-time decision support tool (DST) with guaranteed feedback that is based on the existing electronic medical record system was developed at a tertiary academic center. Implementation of the DST increased the compliance rate with the SCIP-inf-4 from 87.3% to 96.5%. Changes in tested clinical outcomes were not observed with improved metric compliance. This new framework can serve as a backbone for development of quality control processes for other metrics. Further and, ideally, multicenter studies are required to test if implementation of electronic DSTs will translate into improved resource utilization and outcomes for patients.
Frequency of Mia antigen
Authors: Makroo Raj Nath , Bhatia Aakanksha , Chowdhry Mohit , Rosamma N.L. , Karna Prashant
Published: August 2016

The Miltenberger (Mi) classes represent a group of phenotypes for red cells that carry low frequency antigens associated with the MNSs blood group system. This pilot study was aimed at determining the Mia antigen positivity in the blood donor population in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. The study was performed between June to August 2014 on eligible blood donors willing to participate. Antigen typing was performed using monoclonal anti-Mia antiserum by tube technique. Only one of the 1000 blood donors (0.1%) tested was found to be Mia antigen positive. The Mia antigen can, therefore, be considered as being rare in the Indian blood donor population.
On Ulam Stability of a Functional Equation in Banach Modules
Authors: Oubbi Lahbib
Published: August 2016

Let X and Y be Banach spaces and let f : X → Y be an odd mapping. For any rational number r≠2, C. Baak, D. H. Boo, and Th. M. Rassias proved the Hyers–Ulam stability of the functional equation

where d and l are positive integers so that

In this note we solve this equation for arbitrary nonzero scalar r and show that it is actually
Hyers–Ulam stable. We thus extend and generalize Baak et al.’s result. Other questions concerning
the *-homomorphisms and the multipliers between C*-algebras are also considered.
Processes controlling the seasonal variations of 210Pb and 7Be at the Mt. Cimone WMO-GAW global station, Italy: A model analysis
Authors: Brattich Erika , Liu Hongyu , Tositti Laura , Considine David B. , Crawford James H.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. We apply the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model driven by the NASA’s MERRA assimilated meteorological data to simulate the seasonal variations of two radionuclide aerosol tracers (terrigenous 210Pb and cosmogenic 7Be) at the WMO-GAW station of Mt. Cimone (44°12’ N, 10°42’ E, 2165 m a.s.l., Italy), which is representative of free-tropospheric conditions most of the year, during 2005 with an aim to understand the roles of transport and precipitation scavenging processes in controlling their seasonality. The total precipitation field in the MERRA data set is evaluated with the Global Precipitation Climatology project (GPCP) observations, and a generally good agreement is found. The model reproduces reasonably the observed seasonal pattern of 210Pb concentrations, characterized by a wintertime minimum due to lower 222Rn emissions and weaker uplift from the boundary layer and summertime maxima resulting from strong convection over the continent. The observed seasonal behavior of 7Be concentrations shows a winter minimum, a summer maximum, and a secondary spring maximum. The model captures the observed 7Be pattern in winter-spring, which is linked to the larger stratospheric influence during spring. However, the model tends to underestimate the observed 7Be concentrations in summer, partially due to the sensitivity to spatial sampling in the model. Model sensitivity experiments indicate a dominant role of precipitation scavenging (versus dry deposition and convection) in controlling the seasonality of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations at Mt. Cimone.
Can integrative catchment management mitigate future water quality issues caused by climate change and socio-economic development?
Authors: Honti Mark , Schuwirth Nele , Rieckermann Jörg , Stamm Christian
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Catchments are complex systems where water quantity, quality and the provided ecological services are determined by interacting physical, chemical, biological, economic, and social factors. The awareness of these interactions led to the prevailing catchment management paradigm of Integrated Water Resources Management. The design and evaluation of solutions for integrated water resources management requires to predict changes of local or regional water quality, which requires integrated approach for modeling too. On one hand, integrated models have to be comprehensive enough to cover the aspects relevant for management decisions, allow for mapping of global change processes – as climate change, population growth, migration, and socio-economic development – to the regional and local contexts. On the other hand, models have to be sufficiently simple and fast enough to apply proper methods of uncertainty analysis, which can consider model structure deficits and propagate errors through the chain of submodels. Here, we present an integrated catchment model satisfying both objectives. The conceptual "iWaQa" model was developed to support the integrated management of small streams. It can predict both traditional water quality parameters like nutrients and a wide set of organic micropollutants originating from plant and material protection products. Due to the model's simplicity, it allows for a full, propagative analysis of predictive uncertainty, including certain structural and input errors. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated by predicting future water quality in a small catchment with mixed land use in the Swiss Plateau. The focus of our study is the change of water quality over the next decades driven by climate change, population growth or decline, socio-economic development and the implementation of management strategies for improving water quality. Our results indicate that input and model structure uncertainties are the most influential factors on certain water quality parameters and in these cases the uncertainty of modeling is already very high for the present conditions. Nevertheless, a proper quantification of today's uncertainty can make the management fairly robust for the foreseen range of possible evolution into the next decades. With a time-horizon of 2050, it seems that human land use and management decisions have a larger influence on water quality than climate change. However, the analysis of single climate model chains indicates that the importance of climate grows when a certain climate prediction is considered instead of the ensemble forecast.
Digital carbonate rock physics
Authors: Saenger Erik H. , Vialle Stephanie , Lebedev Maxim , Uribe David , Osorno Maria , Duda Mandy , Steeb Holger
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Modern estimation of rock properties combines imaging with advanced numerical simulations, an approach known as digital rock physics (DRP). In this paper we suggest a specific segmentation procedure of X-ray micro-computed tomography data with two different resolutions in the µm range for two sets of carbonate rock samples. These carbonates were already characterized in detail in a previous laboratory study which we complement with nanoindentation experiments (for local elastic properties). In a first step a non-local mean filter is applied to the raw image data. We then apply different thresholds to identify pores and solid phases. Because of a non-neglectable amount of unresolved microporosity (micritic phase) we also define intermediate threshold values for distinct phases. Based on this segmentation we determine porosity-dependent values for effective P- and S-wave velocities as well as for the intrinsic permeability. For effective velocities we confirm an observed two-phase trend reported in another study using a different carbonate data set. As an upscaling approach we use this two-phase trend as an effective medium approach to estimate the porosity-dependent elastic properties of the micritic phase for the low-resolution images. The porosity measured in the laboratory is then used to predict the effective rock properties from the observed trends for a comparison with experimental data. The two-phase trend can be regarded as an upper bound for elastic properties; the use of the two-phase trend for low-resolution images led to a good estimate for a lower bound of effective elastic properties. Anisotropy is observed for some of the considered subvolumes, but seems to be insignificant for the analysed rocks at the DRP scale. Because of the complexity of carbonates we suggest using DRP as a complementary tool for rock characterization in addition to classical experimental methods.
Honey: A Therapeutic Agent for Disorders of the Skin
Authors: McLoone Pauline , Oluwadun Afolabi , Warnock Mary , Fyfe Lorna
Published: August 2016

Problems with conventional treatments for a range of dermatological disorders have led scientists to search for new compounds of therapeutic value. Efforts have included the evaluation of natural products such as honey. Manuka honey, for example, has been scientifically recognised for its anti-microbial and wound healing properties and is now used clinically as a topical treatment for wound infections. In this review, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of honey in the treatment of wounds and other skin conditions is evaluated. A plethora of in vitro studies have revealed that honeys from all over the world have potent anti-microbial activity against skin relevant microbes. Moreover, a number of in vitro studies suggest that honey is able to modulate the skin immune system. Clinical research has shown honey to be efficacious in promoting the healing of partial thickness burn wounds while its effectiveness in the treatment of non-burn acute wounds and chronic wounds is conflicted. Published research investigating the efficacy of honey in the treatment of other types of skin disorders is limited. Nevertheless, positive effects have been reported, for example, kanuka honey from New Zealand was shown to have therapeutic value in the treatment of rosacea. Anti-carcinogenic effects of honey have also been observed in vitro and in a murine model of melanoma.  It can be concluded that honey is a biologically active and clinically interesting substance but more research is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of its medicinal value in dermatology.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO E BIOMASSA DE MACROALGAS ASSOCIADAS A TRONCOS E RAÍZES DE MANGUEZAIS NA BAÍA DE TODOS OS SANTOS, BA
Authors: Jesus Taise Bomfim de , Aguiar Willian Moura de , Aleluia Fabrício Tourinho Fontes
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quali-quantitativamente aassembleia de macroalgas aderidas a troncos e raízes de Avicenniaschaueriana na Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia. Dois quadrados de 1x1 mforam dispostos aleatoriamente em cada ponto amostral e os pneumatóforosde A. schaueriana foram coletados. Ocorreram seis espécies de macroalgas.Todos os táxons encontrados são frequentemente citados para manguezaisbrasileiros, porém a riqueza total foi inferior à de outros manguezaisbrasileiros. A riqueza e a composição de espécies foram similares para asquatro áreas de manguezal estudadas. O gênero com melhor ocorrênciaqualitativa foi Bostrychia, com três espécies em todas as áreas amostradas.Houve uma distinção no padrão de biomassa das assembleias de macroalgasque ocorrem nos manguezais da Baía de Todos os Santos, sugerindo queas regiões amostradas não apresentam condições semelhantes para odesenvolvimento das espécies típicas do Bostrychietum.
TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL POR REATOR BIOLÓGICO COM LEITO MÓVEL
Authors: Soler Cassio Renato , Xavier Claudia Regina
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade do tratamento de efluentede indústria têxtil por Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR, em português:Reator Biológico com Leito Móvel). O efluente foi caracterizado por demandaquímica de oxigênio (DQO), demanda biológica de oxigênio (DBO5), áreaespectral, toxicidade, sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e voláteis (SSV) antes eapós o tratamento. O tratamento do efluente ocorreu em diferentes cargasorgânicas volumétricas, de 0,3 até 9,0 g DQO/L.d, com 4 estágios: adaptaçãoem 0,3 gDQO/L.d e 3 estágios em 1,2, 3,0 e 9,0 gDQO/L.d. Esse reator foioperado por 107 dias, alcançando remoções de 65% de DQO, 94% de DBO5,58% de área espectral, 82% de SST e 87% de toxicidade. Os resultados dotratamento por MBBR foram avaliados por testes ANOVA-Tukey, com 0,05 designificância. A cinética calculada do processo apresentou consumo específicomáximo de substrato rs/SSV=0,027d-1, compatível com tratamentos biológicosde efluentes recalcitrantes. As melhores remoções foram alcançadas quandoo MBBR foi operado em cargas orgânicas volumétricas menores.
Report on the Conference of History of Mathematics and Teaching of Mathematics
Authors: Kántor Tünde
Published: August 2016

The 6th Conference on the History of Mathematics and Teaching of Mathematics was held in Szeged (Hungary). Its motto reads as:
Mathematics – a common language for Europe for thousand years.
The aim of the conference was to present aspects of History of Mathematics, including its impact on Teaching of Mathematics, to provide a forum to meet each other, and to give an opportunity for young researchers to present their results in these fields. University colleagues, students, graduate students and other researchers were invited. The programme of the Conference included talks and posters. The abstracts of the lectures and the posters are presented in this report. There were 24 presentations and poster lectures.
Report of meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences
Authors: Herendiné Kónya E.
Published: August 2016

The meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences was held in Levoca, Slovakia from the 20th to the 22th of January, 2012. The 66 participants – including 54 lecturers and 25 PhD students – came from 6 countries, 20 cities and represented 33 institutions of higher and secondary education. The abstract of the talks and the posters and also the list of participants are presented in this report.
Percepções de cuidadores de crianças menores de cinco anos sobre a prevenção de acidentes domésticos
Authors: Bezerra Maria Augusta Rocha , Santos Leianny Rodrigues dos , Rocha Ruth Cardoso , Rocha Silvana Santiago da , Rodrigues Ângelo Brito , Brito Emanuel Calisto da Costa , Santos Jamires Pinto dos
Published: August 2016

El presente estudio investigó la percepción de los cuidadores sobre la prevención de accidentes domésticos con niños menores de cinco años. Estudio cualitativo con datos recogidos en marzo de 2014 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 16 participantes cuidadores en un Centro de Salud. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes perciben los accidentes domésticos a partir de dos dimensiones principales: el accidente como consecuencia de la conducta y de las formas cómo el cuidador enfrenta el accidente y el accidente debido a factores de riesgo que afectan a los propios niños . Se llegó a la conclusión que el cuidador percibía el accidente doméstico desde una perspectiva preventiva y de atención constante a las acciones del niño, que lo vinculaba al desarrollo del niño y que la prevención surgía de la supervisión y de la orientación. El estudio aporta información para que los enfermeros adopten un enfoque preventivo de los accidentes infantiles dentro del contexto domiciliario.
Depressão em idosos na estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Carvalho Arethuza de Melo Brito , Carvalho Samuel Moura , Alencar Delmo de Carvalho , Moreira Wanderson Carneiro , Parente Adriana da Cunha Menezes
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de la depresión en adultos mayores de una Unidad Básica de Salud, identificar los casos de depresión y el uso de medicación para tratar los trastornos. Se trata de una investigación exploratorio descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo realizada con 241 adultos mayores inscritos en la ESF de la ciudad de Teresina, PI. Los datos de la encuesta fueron recogidos a través de la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y analizados por medio del software SPSS (versión 11.0). El estudio fue aprobado por el CEI del Centro Académico UNINOVAFAPI. Fue encontrado un alto porcentaje de casos de depresión entre dichos adultos, con mayor prevalencia en el sexo femenino, edad superior a los 70 años, viudos, jubilados y sin educación. En cuanto a su gravedad, un 26,6% tenía indicios de depresión ligera y un 2,5% probable depresión severa. Con respecto al uso de medicación, la mayoría de aquéllos con depresión severa no tomaba antidepresivos y un 10,9% de los casos de indicios de depresión ligera tomaba sólo ansiolíticos. El estudio señala un alto índice de depresión entre los adultos mayores. Las variables analizadas demuestran la pertinencia de un estudio más a fondo en la consulta de los adultos mayores con miras a detectar posibles factores de riesgo para la depresión. Reconocer la depresión en la tercera edad parece ser más difícil que en otras edades porque los profesionales atribuyen la aparición de sus señales y síntomas al envejecimiento.
Tradução e adaptação transcultural da ucla loneliness scale – (version 3) para idosos no brasil
Authors: Kuznier Tatiane Prette , Oliveira Flávia de , Mata Luciana Regina Ferreira da , Chianca Tânia Couto Machado
Published: August 2016

El objeto del presente estudio fue realizar la traducción y adaptación cultural de una escala de soledad en una muestra de adultos mayores en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio metodológico de traducción y adaptación cultural para el portugués de Brasil de la Escala de Soledad UCLA (versión 3), que incluyo las siguientes etapas: traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, traducción inversa, comité de jueces y preprueba. Los datos relativos a la preprueba fueron analizados con el programa SPSS, versión 21.0. El análisis de fiabilidad de la escala se calculó utilizando el alfa de Cronbach. La significancia adoptada en este estudio fue del 5%. El referente metodológico utilizado permitió preservar las características del instrumento original al mismo tiempo en que permitió obtener un instrumento adecuado a la realidad cultural brasileña, revelándose semánticamente, idiomáticamente, culturalmente y conceptualmente equivalente a la versión original. La versión adaptada de la Escala de Soledad UCLA (versión 3) demostró ser fiable, fácil de usar y de entender por parte de los adultos mayores.
Efeitos adversos da hipodermóclise em pacientes adultos
Authors: Nunes Paula Martina da Silva Araújo , Souza Regina Claudia Silva
Published: August 2016

La hipodermoclisis es una técnica indicada para la deshidratación moderada, especialmente en pacientes de edad avanzada o que estén bajo cuidados paliativos. En la práctica clínica es infrautilizada debido a la falta de conocimiento de los profesionales y a informes de efectos adversos. Se trata de una revisión integradora que identificó artículos en la literatura relacionada con los efectos adversos de la hipodermoclisis en pacientes adultos. Se realizó una búsqueda en el portal Pubmed y en las bases de datos Embase, Lilacs, Scopus, Cinahl y Scielo. Se identificaron trece artículos de los cuales cinco eran revisiones de la literatura, tres de cohortes, dos ensayos clínicos aleatorios, un relato de caso, una revisión sistemática y un relato de experiencia. Los efectos adversos más relatados eran dolor local y sobrecarga de líquidos en el 61% de los estudios, edema local en 53% y celulitis en un 38%. Los resultados permiten concluir que los efectos adversos son mínimos y similares a la vía intravenosa y que la técnica es segura y eficaz.
Comparação do grau de acurácia diagnóstica de graduandos e enfermeiros em programas de residência
Authors: Oliveira Izabela Martins , Silva Rita de Cássia Gengo e
Published: August 2016

El objeto del presente estudio fue comparar el grado de precisión diagnóstica entre estudiantes del último año de enfermería y de enfermeros residentes y estimar la asociación entre el grado de precisión diagnóstica con el grado de contacto con el proceso de enfermería, diagnóstico de enfermería, razonamiento clínico y grado de habilidad de establecer diagnósticos de enfermería. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron 65 sujetos de los cuales 27 eran alumnos del último año de enfermería, 19 eran enfermeras residentes del primer año y 19 del segundo año. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: caracterización de los participantes y caso clínico. El grado de precisión diagnóstica fue evaluada por la Escala de Precisión de Diagnósticos de Enfermería - Versión 2. Los datos fueran analizados por estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. La edad promedio de los participantes varió entre 22 y 26 años y la mayoría era del sexo femenino. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con relación a la habilidad auto referida para establecer diagnósticos de enfermería y grado de contacto con el proceso de enfermería, diagnósticos de enfermería y razonamiento clínico en los ámbitos teórico y práctico. Se observó que los residentes del segundo año identificaron una cantidad significativamente menor de diagnósticos de baja precisión. Los resultados indican que los programas de residencia contribuyen a mejorar la precisión diagnóstica.
Normal Values of Pressures and Foot Areas Measured in the Static Condition
Authors: Lalande Xavier , Vie Bruno , Weber Jean Paul , Jammes Yves
Published: August 2016

Background: Podiatric physicians are increasingly using pedobarographs to measure plantar pressure. However, normal values of static pedobarographic variables for healthy men and women are lacking, which makes it difficult to evaluate abnormal foot positioning in standing patients with low- or high-arched feet or painful feet.

Methods: During upright standing, a computerized pedobarograph measured the maximal (Pmax) and mean (Pmean) plantar pressures, total foot area, and forefoot and rearfoot areas in 84 healthy women and 84 healthy men, aged 18 to 83 years. After calibration of the pedobarograph, a correction factor was applied to area measurements, and data repeatability was assessed.

Results: The Pmax and Pmean values were not correlated with age but with weight, body mass index, and shoe size. Total foot area was significantly higher in male participants and correlated with body weight, body mass index, and shoe size but not with age. In both sexes, forefoot area was significantly lower than rearfoot area. Significant positive correlations were observed between forefoot and rearfoot areas and weight and shoe size. The forefoot-rearfoot area ratio did not vary with sex, weight, shoe size, and age.

Conclusions: These data provide relationships between Pmax, Pmean, and foot areas and weight and shoe size and clearly indicate no age dependence of pedobarographic data. They also provide stable values of the forefoot-rearfoot area ratio. These data should help clinicians evaluate abnormal foot placement in standing patients.
Charcot's Neuroarthropathy After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant
Authors: Wilson Michael
Published: August 2016

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT) is an accepted approach and the treatment of choice in patients with type 1 diabetes with accompanying end-stage renal disease. Charcot's neuroarthropathy of the foot (CN) is a fairly common and devastating complication found in patients with long-standing, mostly uncontrolled, diabetes. However, CN has also been identified as a posttransplant consequence of SPKT. Traditional postoperative immunosuppressive therapy, particularly the use of corticosteroids, is acknowledged as an additional risk factor for the development of de novo CN after SPKT. This article describes an unusual case of a patient who presented with full-blown CN deformity after SPKT.
Distinct roles of visual, parietal, and frontal motor cortices in memory-guided sensorimotor decisions
Authors: Goard Michael J , Pho Gerald N , Woodson Jonathan , Sur Mriganka
Published: August 2016

Mapping specific sensory features to future motor actions is a crucial capability of mammalian nervous systems. We investigated the role of visual (V1), posterior parietal (PPC), and frontal motor (fMC) cortices for sensorimotor mapping in mice during performance of a memory-guided visual discrimination task. Large-scale calcium imaging revealed that V1, PPC, and fMC neurons exhibited heterogeneous responses spanning all task epochs (stimulus, delay, response). Population analyses demonstrated unique encoding of stimulus identity and behavioral choice information across regions, with V1 encoding stimulus, fMC encoding choice even early in the trial, and PPC multiplexing the two variables. Optogenetic inhibition during behavior revealed that all regions were necessary during the stimulus epoch, but only fMC was required during the delay and response epochs. Stimulus identity can thus be rapidly transformed into behavioral choice, requiring V1, PPC, and fMC during the transformation period, but only fMC for maintaining the choice in memory prior to execution.
Novel fermented chickpea milk with enhanced level ofγ-aminobutyric acid and neuroprotective effect on PC12 cells
Authors: Li Wen , Wei Mingming , Wu Junjun , Rui Xin , Dong Mingsheng
Published: August 2016

In this study, novel fermented chickpea milk with highγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and potential neuroprotective activity was developed. Fermentation starter that can produce GABA was selected from 377 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods. Among the screened strains, strain M-6 showed the highest GABA-producing capacity in De Man–Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) broth and chickpea milk. M-6 was identified asLactobacillus plantarumbased on Gram staining, API carbohydrate fermentation pattern testing, and 16s rDNA sequencing. The complete gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase was cloned to confirm the presence of the gene inL. plantarumM-6. The fermentation condition was optimized by response surface methodology. Results demonstrated thatL. plantarumM-6 produced the highest GABA content of 537.23 mg/L. The optimal condition included an inoculum concentration of 7%, presence of 0.2% (m/v) monosodium glutamate and 55 µ M pyridoxal-5-phosphate, incubation temperature of 39 °C and fermentation time of 48 h . GABA-enriched chickpea milk exerted protective effects on PC12 cells against MnCl2-induced injury. GABA-enriched chickpea milk improved cell viability and markedly attenuated the release of lactate dehydrogenase compared with the impaired cells.
Familiar face + novel face = familiar face? Representational bias in the perception of morphed faces in chimpanzees
Authors: Matsuda Yoshi-Taka , Myowa-Yamakoshi Masako , Hirata Satoshi
Published: August 2016

Highly social animals possess a well-developed ability to distinguish the faces of familiar from novel conspecifics to induce distinct behaviors for maintaining society. However, the behaviors of animals when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals, have not been well characterised. Using a morphing technique and preferential-looking paradigm, we address this question via the chimpanzee’s facial–recognition abilities. We presented eight subjects with three types of stimuli: (1) familiar faces, (2) novel faces and (3) intermediate morphed faces that were 50% familiar and 50% novel faces of conspecifics. We found that chimpanzees spent more time looking at novel faces and scanned novel faces more extensively than familiar or intermediate faces. Interestingly, chimpanzees looked at intermediate faces in a manner similar to familiar faces with regards to the fixation duration, fixation count, and saccade length for facial scanning, even though the participant was encountering the intermediate faces for the first time. We excluded the possibility that subjects merely detected and avoided traces of morphing in the intermediate faces. These findings suggest a bias for a feeling-of-familiarity that chimpanzees perceive familiarity with an intermediate face by detecting traces of a known individual, as 50% alternation is sufficient to perceive familiarity.
Spatial distribution of Langmuir waves observed upstream of Saturn's bow shock by Cassini
Authors: Píša D. , Santolík O. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Gurnett D. A. , Souček J.
Published: August 2016

We present the spatial distribution and spectral properties of Langmuir waves observed upstream of Saturn's bow shock by the Cassini spacecraft. The entire 10 kHz wideband data set obtained between June 2004 and December 2014 has been analyzed using an automated procedure. Almost 106 waveform snapshots with intense narrowband emissions in the frequency range of 1–10 kHz were detected. A typical wave spectrum exhibits a single intense peak (62% of all selected waveforms). However, spectra with a superposition of two (25%) or more (13%) intense peaks are also observed. Using magnetic field observations and a model of the bow shock, plasma wave activity across Saturn's foreshock has been mapped. The plasma wave occurrence increases steeply behind the tangent magnetic field line, i.e., the sunward foreshock boundary, and rises with increasing distance from the tangential line into the downstream region. The single peak spectra are observed across the entire foreshock, while more complicated spectra are more likely measured deeper inside the foreshock and closer to the bow shock. We confirm that the most intense waves occur close to the tangent point and decrease both deeper in the foreshock and along the tangential line.
Mass discharge rate retrieval combining weather radar and thermal camera observations
Authors: Vulpiani Gianfranco , Ripepe Maurizio , Valade Sebastien
Published: August 2016

The mass discharge rate is a key parameter for initializing volcanic ash dispersal models. Commonly used empirical approaches derive the discharge rate by the plume height as estimated by remote sensors. A novel approach based on the combination of weather radar observations and thermal camera imagery is presented here. It is based on radar ash concentration estimation and the retrieval of the vertical exit velocities of the explosive cloud using thermal camera measurements. The applied radar retrieval methodology is taken from a revision of previously presented work. Based on the analysis of four eruption events of the Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) that occurred in December 2015, the proposed methodology is tested using observations collected by three radar systems (at C and X band) operated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The total erupted mass was estimated to be about 9·109 kg and 2.4·109 kg for the first and second events, respectively, while it was about 1.2·109 kg for both the last two episodes. The comparison with empirical approaches based on radar‐retrieved plume height shows a reasonably good agreement. Additionally, the comparative analysis of the polarimetric radar measurements provides interesting information on the vertical structure of the ash plume, including the size of the eruption column and the height of the gas thrust region.
About the horizontal variability of effective radius in stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Magaritz‐Ronen L. , Khain A. , Pinsky M.
Published: August 2016

The role of turbulent mixing in formation of low horizontal variability of effective radius near the top of nondrizzling stratocumulus clouds is investigated in simulations of clouds observed during the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus field experiment. The clouds are simulated using a spectral bin microphysics Lagrangian‐Eulerian model consisting of ~2000 adjacent parcels moving in a turbulence‐like field with observed correlation properties. The parcels interact through drop sedimentation and turbulent mixing. It was found that the effective radius variability in the horizontal direction near cloud top does not exceed ~10% of the averaged value. Three different types of cloud parcels are revealed to be differently influenced by mixing: ascending slightly diluted parcels, cloudy parcels experiencing intense mixing with parcels from inversion, and initially dry parcels. The evolution of droplet size distributions in parcels belonging to these types is investigated. It is shown that in parcels of the first two types the values of effective radii do not change or change only slightly remaining close to the adiabatic value. In initially droplet‐free parcels effective radius rapidly reaches a value close to the adiabatic value, while liquid water content remains low. Therefore, turbulent mixing leads to establishing vertical profiles of effective radius, which are close to the adiabatic profile.
A potential vorticity‐based index for the East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Huang Wenyu , Wang Bin , Wright Jonathon S.
Published: August 2016

A novel dynamically based index that reflects the strength of the regional potential vorticity (PV) intrusion on the 300 K isentropic surface is proposed as a reliable measure of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) intensity. The index captures essential aspects of the EAWM, including its climatic influences on East Asia, its continuous weakening trend since the 1980s, and its close relationships with the Siberian high, Arctic Oscillation, and El Niño. The use of a potential vorticity framework enables the definition of a new metric called continuous PV intrusion duration (CPVID), which can be used to monitor and explain wintertime weather extremes like the extreme snowfall event that occurred in south China during January 2008. The CPVID of March is comparable to that of December, indicating that data from this month should be included in estimates of the strength of the EAWM.
Prehospital triage for endovascular clot removal in acute stroke patients
Authors: Suzuki Yu , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Tsumura Kohtaro , Ueda Toshihiro , Suzuki Kazunari , Sugiyama Makoto , Nozaki Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Shojiro , Nakane Makoto , Nagashima Goro , Kitamura Takayuki , Yokomine Kengo , Sasanuma Jinichi
Published: August 2016

Aim

To establish prehospital triage in accordance with the new guidelines for endovascular therapy, we retrospectively analyzed the monitoring data of the city‐wide transportation system using the Maria Prehospital Stroke Scale (MPSS), a novel prehospital stroke scale for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to predict the likelihood of thrombolytic therapy after transportation.

Methods

Kawasaki City, Japan, has six comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) and six primary stroke centers (PSCs). In CSCs, endovascular therapy can be carried out 24 h a day, 7 days a week, but not in PSCs. There is no “drip and ship” protocol for further endovascular therapy from PSCs to CSCs. We determined the predictive value of MPSS scoring by the EMTs for the performance of endovascular therapy after transportation.

Results

There were 2031 patients (mean age, 71.1 ± 13.3 years) registered from April 2012 to March 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the MPSS score and type of stroke center were independent predictors for performance of endovascular therapy. In particular, the odds ratio (OR) for endovascular therapy was significant for MPSS score 3 (OR, 2.914; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.152–7.372; P = 0.024), MPSS score 4 (OR, 5.474; 95%CI, 2.300–13.029; P = 0.000), and MPSS score 5 (OR, 11.459; 95%CI, 4.334–30.296; P = 0.000) when MPSS score 1 was set as a reference. The diagnostic accuracy of the MPSS score evaluated by EMTs was 0.689 (95%CI, 0.627–0.751).

Conclusions

Prehospital triage using MPSS scores evaluated by EMTs can predict the likelihood of performance of endovascular therapy after transportation, and may become a tool offering a flexible solution for designing a new transportation protocol.
High‐power random distributed feedback fiber laser: From science to application
Authors: Du Xueyuan , Zhang Hanwei , Xiao Hu , Ma Pengfei , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Pu , Liu Zejin
Published: August 2016

A fiber laser based on random distributed feedback has attracted increasing attention in recent years, as it has become an important photonic device and has found wide applications in fiber communications or sensing. In this article, recent advances in high‐power random distributed feedback fiber laser are reviewed, including the theoretical analyses, experimental approaches, discussion on the practical applications and outlook. It is found that a random distributed feedback fiber laser can not only act as an information photonics device, but also has the feasibility for high‐efficiency/high‐power generation, which makes it competitive with conventional high‐power laser sources. In addition, high‐power random distributed feedback fiber laser has been successfully applied for midinfrared lasing, frequency doubling to the visible and high‐quality imaging. It is believed that the high‐power random distributed feedback fiber laser could become a promising light source with simple and economic configurations.

image
Synthese von meta‐Terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diolen durch anodische C‐C‐Kreuzkupplungen
Authors: Lips Sebastian , Wiebe Anton , Elsler Bernd , Schollmeyer Dieter , Dyballa Katrin M. , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: August 2016

Die anodische C‐C‐Kreuzkupplung ist eine vielseitig einsetzbare Transformation, die eine gezielte Synthese von Biphenolen und arylierten Phenolen ermöglicht. Wir berichten über einen ebenfalls elektrosynthetischen, metallfreien Ansatz, der einen Zugang zu symmetrischen und nichtsymmetrischen meta‐Terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diolen in guten Ausbeuten und hoher Selektivität ermöglicht. Symmetrische Derivate können durch eine direkte Synthese in einer ungeteilten Zelle gewonnen werden, wohingegen nichtsymmetrische meta‐Terphenyl‐2,2′′‐diole zwei elektrochemische Stufen benötigen. Die milde Methode ist einfach durchzuführen und skalierbar. Außerdem konnte erstmalig eine breite Substratvariabilität aufgezeigt werden, die eine Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen toleriert. Die erhaltenen Strukturen könnten als [OCO]3−‐Pincerliganden genutzt werden.
Single Cobalt Atoms with Precise N‐Coordination as Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Yin Peiqun , Yao Tao , Wu Yuen , Zheng Lirong , Lin Yue , Liu Wei , Ju Huanxin , Zhu Junfa , Hong Xun , Deng Zhaoxiang , Zhou Gang , Wei Shiqiang , Li Yadong
Published: August 2016

A new strategy for achieving stable Co single atoms (SAs) on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon with high metal loading over 4 wt % is reported. The strategy is based on a pyrolysis process of predesigned bimetallic Zn/Co metal–organic frameworks, during which Co can be reduced by carbonization of the organic linker and Zn is selectively evaporated away at high temperatures above 800 °C. The spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements both confirm the atomic dispersion of Co atoms stabilized by as‐generated N‐doped porous carbon. Surprisingly, the obtained Co‐Nx single sites exhibit superior ORR performance with a half‐wave potential (0.881 V) that is more positive than commercial Pt/C (0.811 V) and most reported non‐precious metal catalysts. Durability tests revealed that the Co single atoms exhibit outstanding chemical stability during electrocatalysis and thermal stability that resists sintering at 900 °C. Our findings open up a new routine for general and practical synthesis of a variety of materials bearing single atoms, which could facilitate new discoveries at the atomic scale in condensed materials.
Heat equation inversion framework for average SAR calculation from magnetic resonance thermal imaging
Authors: Alon Leeor , Sodickson Daniel K. , Deniz Cem M.
Published: August 2016

Deposition of radiofrequency (RF) energy can be quantified via electric field or temperature change measurements. Magnetic resonance imaging has been used as a tool to measure three dimensional small temperature changes associated with RF radiation exposure. When duration of RF exposure is long, conversion from temperature change to specific absorption rate (SAR) is nontrivial due to prominent heat‐diffusion and conduction effects. In this work, we demonstrated a method for calculation of SAR via an inversion of the heat equation including heat‐diffusion and conduction effects. This method utilizes high‐resolution three dimensional magnetic resonance temperature images and measured thermal properties of the phantom to achieve accurate calculation of SAR. Accuracy of the proposed method was analyzed with respect to operating frequency of a dipole antenna and parameters used in heat equation inversion. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:493–503, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity of the Cobalt(II,III) Oxide Electrocatalyst on an Earth‐Abundant‐Metal‐Interlayered Hybrid Porous Carbon Support
Authors: Kishor Koshal , Saha Sulay , Sivakumar Sri , Pala Raj Ganesh S.
Published: August 2016

Supports over which electrocatalysts are deposited play a crucial role in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), because they influence the surface roughness, morphology, electronic structure, and conductivity of electrocatalysts. In this context, we designed a hybrid carbon support having an earth‐abundant metal as an interlayer between a Co3O4 electrocatalyst and a carbon support. The present approach resulted in an electrode that was three dimensional with high porosity, provided low resistance to parallel electron conduction pathways through the metallic interlayer, and modulated the electrocatalytic activity of Co3O4 by affecting its electronic structure. To rationalize the effect of the metal interlayer, a range of non‐noble earth‐abundant metals (e.g. Cu, Mo, Ti, Al) were explored, of which the Cu‐modified carbon support resulted in maximum specific activity (i.e. activity per electrochemical surface area) for the OER. Whereas both the electronegativity and conductivity of the metal interlayer were found to influence the OER activity, the dominant controlling factor in the explored systems was conductivity. The specific activity of the OER of electrodeposited Co3O4 was found to have a near‐linear relationship between the electrical conductivity and the electron‐donor metals (e.g. Ti, Al) and another near‐linear relationship having different intercepts with electron‐acceptor metals (e.g. Cu, Mo, W). The above understanding can be useful in increasing the OER activity of electrocatalysts through support–electrocatalyst interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorine Insertion Promoting Iron Reduction in Ba—Fe Hexagonal Perovskites: Effect on the Structural and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Serrador Laura , Hernando Maria , Martinez Jose L. , Gonzalez‐Calbet Jose M. , Varela Aurea , Garcia‐Garcia F. Javier , Parras Marina
Published: August 2016

Polycrystalline 10H‐BaFeCl0.13O2.48 is prepared as a single phase by sintering a 1.87:1:0.13 molar mixture of BaCO3, α‐Fe2O3, and BaCl2 (Al2O3 crucible, 850 °C, 2 d) followed by grinding and reheating (800 °C, 3 d) and two further heat treatments (820 and 900 °C, 1 d each).
Lymphocyte enrichment using CD81‐targeted immunoaffinity matrix
Authors: Pelák Ondřej , Kužílková Daniela , Thürner Daniel , Kiene Marie‐Luise , Stanar Kristian , Stuchlý Jan , Vášková Martina , Starý Jan , Hrušák Ondřej , Stadler Herbert , Kalina Tomáš
Published: August 2016

In mass cytometry, the isolation of pure lymphocytes is very important to obtain reproducible results and to shorten the time spent on data acquisition. To prepare highly purified cell suspensions of peripheral blood lymphocytes for further analysis on mass cytometer, we used the new CD81+ immune affinity chromatography cell isolation approach. Using 21 metal conjugated antibodies in a single tube we were able to identify all basic cell subsets and compare their relative abundance in final products obtained by density gradient (Ficoll‐Paque) and immune affinity chromatography (CD81+ T‐catch™) isolation approach. We show that T‐catch isolation approach results in purer final product than Ficoll‐Paque (P values 0.0156), with fewer platelets bound to target cells. As a result acquisition time of 105 nucleated cells was 3.5 shorter. We then applied unsupervised high dimensional analysis viSNE algorithm to compare the two isolation protocols, which allowed us to evaluate the contribution of unsupervised analysis over supervised manual gating. ViSNE algorithm effectively characterized almost all supervised cell subsets. Moreover, viSNE uncovered previously overseen cell subsets and showed inaccuracies in Maxpar™ Human peripheral blood phenotyping panel kit recommended gating strategy. These findings emphasize the use of unsupervised analysis tools in parallel with conventional gating strategy to mine the complete information from a set of samples. They also stress the importance of the impurity removal to sensitively detect rare cell populations in unsupervised analysis. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry