bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two-dimensional fast spin echo T
2 weighted sequences and three-dimensional volume isotropic T
2 weighted fast spin echo (VISTA) MRI in the evaluation of triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist
Authors: Park Hee Jin , Lee So Yeon , Kang Kyung A , Kim Eun Young , Shin Hun Kyu , Park Se Jin , Park Jai Hyung , Kim Eugene
Published: December 2017

Objective:

To compare image quality of three-dimensional volume isotropic T  2 weighted fast spin echo (3D VISTA) and two-dimensional (2D) T  2 weighted images (T2WI) for evaluation of triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) and to investigate whether 3D VISTA can replace 2D T  2 WI in evaluating TFC injury.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 69 patients who received wrist MRIs using both 2D T  2 WI and 3D VISTA techniques for assessment of wrist pathology, including TFC injury. Two radiologists measured the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the two sequences. The anatomical identification score and diagnostic performance were independently assessed by two interpreters. The diagnostic abilities of 3D VISTA and 2D T  2 WI were analysed by sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing TFC injury using surgically or clinically confirmed diagnostic reference standards.

Results:

17 cases (25%) were classified as having TFC injury. 2 cases (12%) were diagnosed surgically, and 15 cases (88%) were diagnosed by physical examination. 52 cases (75%) were diagnosed as having intact TFC. 8 of these cases (15%) were surgically confirmed, while the others were diagnosed by physical examination and clinical findings. The 3D VISTA images had significantly higher SNR and CNR values for the TFC than 2D T  2 WI images. The scores of 3D VISTA’s total length, full width and sharpness were similar to those of 2D T  2 WI. We were unable to find a significant difference between 3D VISTA and 2D T  2 WI in the ability to diagnose TFC injury.

Conclusion:

3D VISTA image quality is similar to that of 2D T  2 WI for TFC evaluation and is also excellent for tissue contrast. 3D VISTA can replace 2D images in TFC injury assessment.

Advances in knowledge:

3D VISTA image quality is similar to that of 2D T  2 WI for TFC evaluation and is also excellent for tissue contrast. 3D VISTA can replace 2D images in TFC injury assessment.
Organization and development of the controlled from distance teaching within the framework of master's degree programs for lawyers
Authors: Сынкова Елена , Synkova Elena
Published: December 2017

In the article the problem aspects of introduction of technologies of the controlled from distance teaching are examined in teaching the master's degrees of legal disciplines. Suggestion about development of the special methodical tool is grounded for the controlled from distance legal departmental teaching
On the issue of the right to provide legal assistance
Authors: Бардин Лев , Bardin Lev
Published: December 2017

The law establishes that representatives in the courts can be both lawyers and other persons providing legal assistance, as well as legal representatives. The Constitutional Court in its Resolution No. 15-P of 16.07.2004 indicated that representatives of legal entities in arbitration proceedings can be any person. But in accordance with Item II (A) (a) of the List of Specific Obligations of the Russian Federation for Services Included in Annex I to the Protocol of 16 December 2011 "On the Accession of the Russian Federation to the Marrakesh Agreement on the establishing of the WTO", only those who received the status Lawyer in accordance with Russian law, has the right to represent in criminal courts and Russian arbitration courts, as well as act as a representative of organizations in civil and administrative proceedings and proceedings on cases of administrative violations. Appropriate legislative changes are needed. The law states that the use of the terms "advocacy", "lawyer", "lawyer's chamber", "lawyer’s entity" in the names of organizations is allowed only by lawyers. Every year, Russia's tax inspections register dozens of organizations set up by non-layers, illegally including the above terms in their names. The law should provide not only prohibitions, but also sanctions for violation of these prohibitions. Collegiums of advocates often include the phrase "partners" in their names. But lawyers - members of the board are not partners and do not sign partnership agreements. Partners can not be among the governing bodies of the collegium . The application by collegiums of lawyers of the rules provided for non-commercial partnerships by the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" in the part of partners is illegal.
Only lawyers can establish a lawyer’s bureau and conclude a partnership agreement. But in practice in lawyer’s bureau, persons who do not have the status of a lawyer become partners. In other countries, in associating lawyers limited liability partnerships, along with partners, there are "associates". The introduction of such "associates" in our lawyer’s bureau will be a good alternative to attempts to include commercial organizations in the composition of lawyer entities.
Overcoming the crisis in the legal culture of Russian society and issues of mentoring of young lawyers
Authors: Панасюк Олег , Panasyuk Oleg
Published: December 2017

The formation and development of civil society is possible only in a legal state where law plays an important and fundamental role. Legal education, the right education and legal culture are inextricably linked, following one from the other, forming an inextricable link concepts. Legal education, the right education and legal culture is the basis of democratic society, without which there is seen the modern world
Using Systems Theory to Understand the Identity of Academic Advising: A Case Study
Authors: Bridgen Sean
Published: December 2017

For decades, advising practitioners and scholars have worked toward developing an identity for advising as a unique field of scholarly inquiry and practice. To date, the identity crisis in advising remains. This study presents an examination and description of the function, purpose, and identity of a university advising system through comparisons of ideals espoused by advisors and administrators with practice. Based on systems theory as a framework, this study shows that the identity of academic advising can be misunderstood because of systemic issues. Addressing systemic flaws may help clarify the identity of academic advising within a specific system and possibly the field as a whole.
Use of Dermabond® adhesive for wound closure at the scene
Authors: Hargreaves Judith , Douglas Lindsey , Taylor David
Published: December 2017

Topical skin adhesives (TSA) are commonly used in hospital accident and emergency (A&E) settings for the closure of simple, minor lacerations. An observational study was conducted in a UK ambulance trust to assess health resource use associated with the management of simple lacerations when using Dermabond® TSA at the accident scene, compared with its use in A&E after transportation of the patient to hospital (standard of care (SOC)). A decision tree model mapped both treatment pathways to establish full costs to the NHS. Call-out times and staff interventions were recorded. Treatment of patients at the scene with Dermabond® TSA reduced the call-out time (mean reduction 32.64%, median reduction 31.91%). Total cost per patient pathway for patients treated at the scene was £200.81 with Dermabond® TSA and £611.43 for patients receiving SOC. Treatment at the scene with Dermabond® TSA resulted in a total saving to the Merseyside Ambulance Service of £345 327 over the 5-month study. The use of Dermabond® TSA by emergency care practitioners at the scene for the closure of simple, minor lacerations is acceptable, cost effective, and provides NHS trusts with the opportunity to work towards government initiatives for reducing the number of patients treated within the acute hospital setting.
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Corn Yield in the U.S. Using a Crop Model
Authors: Tatsumi Kenichi
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A detailed analysis was conducted of the effects of climate change and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on corn yield in the U.S. with a crop model using outputs from multiple general circulation models (multi-GCMs). Corn yield was simulated for 1999-2010, for the 2050s (average for 2041-2060), and for the 2070s (average for 2061-2080) under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) climate scenario. Results indicated a shortening of the growing period (GP), decreased water use efficiency (WUE) in almost all regions, and increased evapotranspiration (ET) during GP in almost all regions except for the southern U.S. Using multi-GCMs, the simulations under the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in negative effects of climate change on yield in almost all regions during both future periods. Especially strong negative impacts were reported south of latitude 40° N due to less optimal growing conditions. On the other hand, there were relatively smaller negative impacts in high-latitude regions (approximately north of latitude 40° N) due to more optimal growing conditions because of larger temperature changes compared to low-latitude and mid-latitude regions. Higher CO2 concentrations have the potential to increase corn yield. CO2 effects resulted in an approximately 0.04% to 0.05% increase in yield per 1 ppm increase in CO2 concentration under the RCP8.5 scenario, but the negative impacts of increased temperatures fully outweighed the CO2-fertilization effects. Keywords: Climate change impacts, CO2 effects, Corn yield, Multiple GCMs, Uncertainty.
Measuring and Modeling the Water Balance in Low-Rainfall Cropping Systems
Authors: Whitbread Anthony M. , Hoffmann Munir P. , Davoren C. William , Mowat Damian , Baldock Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

In low-rainfall cropping systems, understanding the water balance, and in particular the storage of soil water in the rooting zone for use by crops, is considered critical for devising risk management strategies for grain-based farming. Crop-soil modeling remains a cost-effective option for understanding the interactions between rainfall, soil, and crop growth, from which management options can be derived. The objective of this study was to assess the error in the prediction of soil water content at key decision points in the season against continuous, multi-layer soil water measurements made with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) probes in long-term experiments in the Mallee region of South Australia and New South Wales. Field estimates of the crop lower limit or drained upper limit were found to be more reliable than laboratory-based estimates, despite the fact that plant-available water capacity (PAWC) did not substantially differ between the methods. Using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate plant-available water over three-year rotations, predicted soil water was within 7 mm (PAWC 64 to 99 mm) of the measured data across all sowing events and rotations. Simulated (n = 46) wheat grain production resulted in a root mean square error (RMSE) of 492 kg ha-1, which is only marginally smaller than that of other field studies that derived soil water limits with less detailed methods. This study shows that using field-derived data of soil water limits and soil-specific settings for parameterization of other properties that determine soil evaporation and water redistribution enables APSIM to be widely applied for managing climate risk in low-rainfall environments. Keywords: APSIM, Climate risk management, Crop models, Decision support, Soil moisture.
The Radicalization of Heritage in Tunisia
Authors: Rey Virginie
Published: December 2017

Since the so-called ‘Jasmine Revolution’ of 2009 in Tunisia, the idea of heritage has been destabilized following a series of attacks on religious and cultural sites across the country by militant Salafi groups. Thus far, sites of Jewish heritage have been the most affected. Cultural heritage from Tunisia’s rich ancient history, redolent for certain Islamists with associations of Jahiliyya, has also been targeted. The well-publicized attack on the Bardo Museum in March 2015 was perhaps the most famous symbol of this trend. However, less publicized have been attempts to reclaim some sacred sites, resulting in the occupation of local mosques on the island of Djerba and in the town of Le Kef. In the wake of these events, some Djerbian civilians have stood up to defend what they consider as intrinsic parts of the patrimonial identity of their island. But as they have been defending these mosques against extremist groups, new considerations related to their preservation have surfaced, calling into question their very patrimonialization. In the context of this radical politicization of Tunisian heritage, this article explores the struggle over who defines the meanings and uses of heritage in Tunisia and the new challenges and opportunities that Salafi attacks have created for the heritage sector since the revolution.
TRICHOTOSIA GABRIEL-ASEMIANA (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM TAMBRAUW, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Mambrasar Yasper Michael , SCHUITEMAN ANDRÉ
Published: December 2017

MAMBRASAR, Y. M. & SCHUITEMAN, A. 2017. A new species of Trichotosia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Podochileae) from Tambrauw, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(2): 107-110. - Trichotosia gabriel-asemiana Mambrasar & Schuiteman. Its description and illustration was presented.
Revenda de Automóveis: Uma Atividade de Uso Intensivo de Capital
Authors: Fernandes Aleixo , Lima Edmilson
Published: December 2017

O caso de ensino trata de alguns aspectos de gestão financeira de uma revenda de automóveis. Conta a história do surgimento de algumas revendas e traz informações de como suas necessidades de capital mudaram nos últimos 50 anos. O caso trata de elementos de empreendedorismo e de gestão financeira, principalmente quanto à obtenção de capital e a investimentos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as três gerações de sócios-dirigentes do grupo empresarial enfocado e com a observação direta em suas dependências. As informações do texto são reais, com exceção dos dados financeiros, assim como dos nomes dos dirigentes e das empresas. Os valores das demonstrações financeiras e aqueles apresentados no texto foram alterados como reforço de proteção da identidade da empresa e de seus dirigentes. A alteração ocorreu com a aplicação do mesmo porcentual de ajuste a todos os números, mantendo-se assim a proporcionalidade das diferenças entre eles. Um aspecto de destaque é a separação que os sócios-dirigentes fazem de sua pessoa física da pessoa jurídica que possuem, o que ocorre associado a decisões financeiras pouco usuais em empresas privadas brasileiras, em especial quanto a emprestar dinheiro para a empresa ao invés de integralizar capital.
Capital Intelectual & Inovação em Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Jordão Ricardo Vinícius Dias , Mafra Pereira Frederico Cesar , Ziviani Fabrício , Freire Fernanda Luiza
Published: December 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a influência do capital intelectual (CI) na inovação de micro, pequenas e médias empresas (SMEs) brasileiras. Com base nas teorias de CI e inovação, realizou-se um estudo comparativo de casos de abordagem qualitativa em empresas do estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados observados indicam que: (i) as SMEs analisadas adotam diferentes iniciativas e estratégias para fomentar o desenvolvimento do CI e de seus elementos constitutivos (capital humano, estrutural e relacional), sendo que a maior presença de algum desses elementos dependente do tipo de negócios, da estratégia e do perfil diretivo da empresa; (ii) essas SMEs não possuem uma estratégia formal para incentivar as práticas de gestão do CI, sendo elas influenciadas pelas características dos gestores; (iii) a gestão do CI e de seus elementos constitutivos, ainda que de forma indireta, amplia a capacidade de sobrevivência, crescimento e desenvolvimento empresarial; (iv) o CI estimula o processo inovativo, colaborando também para (v) o desempenho e a competitividade organizacional.
O Processo de Internacionalização na Transformação das Capacidades Dinâmicas de Pequenas Empresas
Authors: Cislaghi Tatiane Pellin , Fernandes Elieti Biques , Wegner Douglas
Published: December 2017

Estratégias de internacionalização tem sido foco de diversas pequenas empresas que optam por um desempenho superior ao longo do tempo. Uma visão de capacidade dinâmica pode oferecer uma base adequada a fim de integrar, construir e reconfigurar as competências internas e externas dessas organizações para enfrentar as mudanças ambientais. As capacidades dinâmicas podem ser adaptadas aos processos específicos de internacionalização das empresas, uma vez que, seja de maneira incremental ou acelerada, pode-se propiciar a criação de capacidades diferenciais ao negócio. Por meio de um estudo de caso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação do processo de internacionalização com a transformação das capacidades dinâmicas de uma indústria de pequeno porte do setor de orgânicos. O método de pesquisa utilizado é de natureza qualitativa e descritiva através de uma abordagem processual. Como resultados, evidenciou-se que a gestão de recursos humanos e o potencial de inovação foram as capacidades dinâmicas que mais contribuíram para o processo de internacionalização da organização estudada, além da forma como a cultura exportadora foi incorporada na empresa a qual refletiu no comprometimento com a decisão de se internacionalizar.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION IN FLAVONOIDS PHYSCIA STELLARIS (L.) NYL WHO GREW UP IN PLACES OF DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD
Authors: Фархутдинов (Farkhutdinov) Рашит (Rashit) Габдулхаевич (Gabdulhaevich) , Щербаков (Shcherbakov) Аркадий (Arkadij) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) , Саитова (Saitova) Зиля (Zilja) Равиловна (Ravilovna)
Published: December 2017

The studies was defined qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in lichen species Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl., Collected in habitats with different levels of anthropogenic load. Changes in the composition of flavonoids is considered in the literature as an indicator of the direction of the synthesis of secondary metabolites by plants to protect against adverse environmental influences. It was found that the most diverse number of members (128 compounds), phenolic substances found in the least contaminated RB Ishimbai area and the fewest (58 compounds) was detected in Sterlitamak. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids showed that in the area of Ishimbaisky samples were found to accumulate naringin, dihydroquercetin, quercetin. The samples obtained in Alsheyevsky District noted in content highs routine, but samples Sterlitamak – fizetina and naringenin. The calculation of the potential antioxidant status showed that the samples of Ishimbaisky district formed the highest level of protection phenolic substances. It showed no direct correlation between the growth response to environmental pollution and the level of flavonoid content in the thallus of lichens.
POLYPHENOLS OF WOODY BARK – ORGANIC PRECURSORS TO PRODUCE ON THEIR BASIS OF POLYMER AEROGELS
Authors: Микова (Mikova) Надежда (Nadezhda) Михайловна (Mikhailovna)) , Гришечко (Grishechko) Людмила (Lyudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Скворцова (Skvortsova) Галина (Galina) Павловна (Pavlovna) , Кузнецов (Kuznetsov) Борис (Boris) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: December 2017

New method for preparation of organic aerogels by sol-gel polymerization of formaldehyde with polyphenols (PFs), isolated from larch bark of and inner birch bark, was developed. The functional composition and properties of the original PFs were studied by thermogravimetry methods and FTIR- spectroscopy. It was found that larch polyphenol substances possess greater thermal stability in the temperature range 25-700 °C, while the process of thermal decomposition of birch bark polyphenols completes to 600 °C. It has been established that polyphenol larch compounds in their composition contain more aromatic structures and hydroxyl groups. The effect of the pH value of gelation solutions in the range of values from 4 to 12 on the porous structure of organic gels synthesized on the basis of polyphenols was studied. Porous structures and adsorption properties of polyphenol-formaldehyde organic gels were studied using BET method, scanning electron microscopy and sorption (methylene blue and gelatin). It is shown that an increase in pH contributes to the formation of a product with a more compacted texture. The electron microscopic images of polymer gels demonstrate a uniform granular texture with visible micro globules with an average particle size of ≈ 50-70 nm.
FEATURES OF TRACE ELEMENTS ACCUMULATION IN VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA LEAVES IN THE LIGHT-CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF IKATSKIY RANGE (BAIKAL REGION)
Authors: Афанасьева (Afanasyeva) Лариса (Larisa) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Аюшина (Ayushina) Туяна (Tujana) Аюшеевна (Ajusheevna) , Рупышев (Rupyhev) Юрий (Yurij) Алексеевич (Alekseevich) , Харпухаева (Kharpukhaeva) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Михайловна (Mihajlovna)
Published: December 2017

The aim of our study was to determine the trace elements content (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, and Cd) in Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves grown in the light-coniferous forests of Ikatskiy range. Element content was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS,AAnalyst 400 PerkinElmer). Results obtained indicated that the metals concentrations in the leaves ranged from 0,05 (Cd) to 576 (Mn) ppm. The row of the elements accumulation in the leaves is: Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb >Ni ≥ Co >Cd.According to the coefficients of accumulation leaves acted as accumulators of Mn, Cu, Zn (CA > 1) and excluders of Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd (CA < 1). Significant correlations were found between content acid-soluble forms Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu in the soil and leaves (r = 0,48–0,76). The toxic trace element (Pb, Cd) analysis demonstrated that their content was safe for human consumption.
STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TAMARIX RAMOSISSIMA ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Великородов (Velikorodov) Анатолий (Anatolij) Валериевич (Valerievich) , Пилипенко (Pilipenko) Владимир (Vladimir) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Пилипенко (Pilipenko) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) , Тырков (Tyrkov) Алексей (Aleksej) Георгиевич (Georgievich)
Published: December 2017

Samples of essential oil from Tamarix ramosissima plant growing in the Astrakhan region were obtained by steam distillation and the dependence of its yield on the vegetative period of the plant was studied. The duration of the process of steam distillation was established experimentally on the basis of a study of the dynamics of the change in the yield of essential oil in time. The yield of essential oil was determined in % by weight of absolutely dry raw material. The largest yield of essential oil was obtained from plants in the flowering phase (0,23–0,3%). By method of gas-liquid chromatography carried out a quantitative analysis of the main components of essential oil Tamarix ramosissima. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatography peaks without the use of correction factors. Qualitative analysis was carried out by comparing the linear retention indices. It was found that the composition of the essential oil of Tamarix is very specific. It includes hydrocarbons (9,51%), alcohols (3,46%), aldehydes (2,55%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (5,4%), oxygenated terpenes (23,06%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (1,48%), oxygenated diterpenoids (3,37%), and a significant amount of fatty acids and their esters (45,43%). The main components of the essential oil are tetrahydrogeranilacetone (21,35%), nonane (12,63%), decanoic (9,82%) acids and dihydroactin diolide (5,40%).
The effect of entrepreneurial personality traits of undergraduates in the area of education of physical education and sports on the entrepreneurship tendency
Authors: Öztaş Mehmet , Kasımoğlu Murat , Şirin Erkan Faruk
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study is to identify the existing situation of entrepreneurship, whose importance gradually increases for the last 20 years, among university students taking education in the area of education of physical education and sports; to study whether or not entrepreneurial personality traits (desire to succeed, resolution, practical intelligence, innovativeness, independence, self-confidence) affect entrepreneurship tendency; and to try to identify the degree of this effect. The sample of the study consist of 610 students from the Departments of Physical Education Teaching, Coaching Education, and Sports Management, who receive undergraduate education in Collegeges of Physical Education and Sports in Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey, Niğde, Aksaray, and Erciyes Universities and Faculty of Sport Sciences, Gazi and Selcuk  University. In the study, sociodemographic form as well as “Entrepreneurial Personality Traits Inventory” to identify entrepreneurial personality traits, and Entrepreneurship Education Inventory were utilized. As a result of the study, among entrepreneurial personality traits, other than the factors of innovativeness and independence, it revealed that entrepreneurial personality traits had an effect on entrepreneurship education. In addition, it was also identified that there was a positive directional significant relationship between entrepreneurial personality traits and entrepreneur education. As also understood from here, among the other elements (family, belief, culture, etc.) affecting entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial personality traits have an important place in terms of entrepreneurship education.
Effects of oral care provided with three different tools in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Mekanik ventilatöre bağlı hastalarda üç farklı araçla verilen ağız bakımının etkisi
Authors: Özveren Hüsna , Uçar Hülya
Published: December 2017

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral care provided suction toothbrush, suction sponge stick and sponge stick in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Material and method: The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study. Thirty patients who were over 18 years of age and receiving mechanical ventilation comprised the study sample. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups: the suction toothbrush group, the suction sponge stick group and the sponge stick group. The patients in the three groups were provided oral care by the researcher twice a day at 12-hour intervals for 5 days. To collect the data, the socio-demographic characteristics form, the patient follow-up form, the Oral Assessment Follow-up Form and the microbiological follow-up form were used.Results: The comparison of the patients’ mean scores obtained from the oral assessment scale on the 1st and 6th days in terms of oral care tools revealed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). The difference was due to the scores of the suction-toothbrush group.Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that oral care performed regularly on the basis of a standard protocol had a positive effect on the oral mucosa health, and that the suction toothbrush was particularly the most effective oral care tool for the protection and maintenance of the oral mucosa health.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Araştırma mekanik ventilatöre bağlı hastalarda sakşınlı diş fırçası, sakşınlı süngerli çubuk ve süngerli çubukla verilen ağız bakımının etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Materyal Metot: Araştırma, yarı deneysel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 18 yaşından büyük ve mekanik ventilatöre bağlı olan 30 hasta oluşturmuştur. Örneklem kriterlerine uyan hastalar sakşınlı diş fırçası, sakşınlı süngerli çubuk, süngerli çubuk olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından, her üç grupta yer alan hastalara 5 gün boyunca günde 2 kez 12 saat aralıklarla ağız bakımı verilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında; hastalara ait tanıtıcı özellikler formu, hasta izlem formu, ağız değerlendirme izlem formu ve mikrobiyolojik izlem formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ağız bakım araçlarına göre 1. gün ve 6. gün ağız değerlendirme ölçeği puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Farklılığın sakşınlı diş fırçası grubundan kaynaklandığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, standart bir protokolle yapılan düzenli ağız bakımının ağız mukoza sağlığını olumlu etkilediği ayrıca sakşınlı diş fırçasının ağız sağlığının korunması ve sürdürülmesinde en etkili ağız bakım aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
A thank-you, long overdue
Authors: Koch Tom
Published: December 2017

In 2005 discussions at the NACIS meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah, forced me to think differently and more clearly about issues of ethics and morals both in cartography but also elsewhere in the "knowledge professons." An article in Cartographic Perspectives became a tool for this exploration. The result, after a decade of thinking and rethinking, is a new book titled Ethics in Everyday Life. This brief piece is a thank-you to members whose questions and comments were so critical in forcing me to new ways of thinking both about maps and about the ideas they present.
Adaptive robust simultaneous stabilization controller with tuning parameters design for two dissipative Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Cao Zhong , Hou Xiaorong , Zhao Wenjing
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive robust simultaneous stabilization (ARSS) of two dissipative Hamiltonian systems (DHSs), and proposes a number of results on the controller parameterization design. Firstly, an adaptiveH∞control design approach is presented by using the dissipative Hamiltonian structural for the case that there are both external disturbances and parametric uncertainties in two DHSs. Secondly, an algorithm for solving tuning parameters of the controller is proposed using symbolic computation. The proposed controller parameterization method avoids solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Issacs (HJI) equations and the obtained controller is easier as compared to some existing ones. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show that the ARSS controller obtained in this paper works very well.
Modified S-transform as a tool to identify secondary structure elements in RNA
Authors: Singh Nancy , Sharma Sunil Datt , Yennamalli Ragothaman M.
Published: December 2017

In this article, we describe the applicability of a signal processing method, specifically the modified S-transform (MST) method, on RNA sequences to identify periodicities between 2 and 11. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are associated with gene regulation and gene silencing and thus have wide applications in biological sciences. Also, the functionality of miRNA is highly associated with its secondary structures (stem, bulge and loop). Signal processing methods have been previously applied on genomic data to reveal the periodicities that determine a wide variety of biological functions, ranging from exon detection to microsatellite identification in DNA sequences. However, there has been less focus on RNA-based signal processing. Here, we show that the signal processing method can be successfully applied to miRNA sequences. We observed that these periodicities are highly correlated with the secondary structure of miRNA and such methods could possibly be used as indicators of secondary and tertiary structure formation.
Quality of water resources in the Niger basin and in the region of Lagos (Nigeria)
Authors: Adeaga Olusegun , Mahe Gil , Dieulin Claudine , Elbaz-Poulichet Francoise , Rouche Nathalie , Seidel Jean-Luc , Servat Eric
Published: December 2017

Water quality studies in Nigeria are usually conducted at local scales and limited to a restricted number of chemical contaminants, while reliable data on trace metal concentrations (including arsenic) are relatively scarce. This study focuses on the quality of available renewable water resources in terms of major ion and trace element concentrations at selected sampling locations in the Lower River Niger basin and part of the Lagos region. A screening of water contamination by arsenic and heavy metals was carried out through water sampling at selected locations using in situ measurement and laboratory testing to estimate heavy metal concentrations and water type. The analysis reveals moderate trace element contamination of the water resources, with the exception of Pb, while Mn and, to a lesser extent, Al exceeded WHO quality standards, but the Arsenic concentrations are within drinking water quality standards and are safe for consumption and irrigation, while the water type is Bicarbonate.
Application of FMEA method in railway signalling projects
Authors: Szmel Dariusz , Wawrzyniak Dominik
Published: December 2017

The article presents the FMEA method application, which is relevant in verification of design of two separated railway signalling systems. The efficiency of the method at the stage of the design was discussed. The method was identified as an important element of safety management process and as safety analysis method, which is included in the Safety Case and is applied for the sake of safety arguments and its assessment. Safety process management comprises several phases and appropriate actions, linked with each other in the way to create safety life cycle consistent with system life cycle. The safety case is a set of documents demonstrating that the product is compliant with defined safety requirements including analysis that indicates the correctness of the design and the correct reaction of the system to the failures, with appropriate and requested fail-safe reaction. It is necessary that railway signalling system should fulfil SIL4 requirement and remain safe in case of occurrence any kind of single failure of the equipment considered as possible.
Reliability monitoring of broadband access networks
Authors: Perlicki Krzysztof , Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Stawowy Marek
Published: December 2017

One of the critical issues for broadband accesss is how to test the access network infrastructure and quality of optical signal. The installation and powering up of an optical fiber access networks requires measurement techniques for verifying the link has been configured properly and that its constituent components are functioning correctly. Maintenance functions for a broadband optical access network are classified in two main categories: preventive maintenance and post-fault maintenance. The first one consists of: surveillance (to detect degradation in optical fiber components, or any other anomalous condition not preventing the signal transmission,), testing (to measure and locate any detected degradation or anomalous condition) and control (fiber identification and fiber transfer to allow the testing of the link.). In turn second one consisits of: surveillance (to detect alarms or trouble reports and activate a procedure for restoration), testing (to locate the fault and/or verify the carrier performances after the restoration) and remedy (fiber identification, fiber repair or fiber transfer to restore the link).
Skid resistance properties of airfield pavements as one of the safety assessment parameters of air operations
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz , Barszcz Piotr , Blacha Krzysztof
Published: December 2017

The article presents the method for determining the skid resistance properties by estimating quantities characterizing the conditions on the airfield functional elements’ pavements. The skid resistance properties characterise the aircraft’ tire grip to the airfield functional element’s pavements, and this is the ability to produce a friction force between the airfield functional element’s pavement and the aircraft’s wheels under mutual skid conditions. The adhesion is affected by the pavement type and its condition, as well as the presence of contamination, and atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of the airfield. Throughout the world, measures aimed at development of a model for assessing the conditions of the airfield functional elements’ pavements are undertaken. A key element of this process is the personnel identifying specific situations as well as the pilots using the information for safe manoeuvring, especially landing.
Maintenance strategy for vehicle with electronic fuel injection system
Authors: Monteiro Tavares Carla Mericia , Szpytko Janusz
Published: December 2017

The introduction of new vehicles technology has been projected for advanced technologically places. Their use and operation, is a theme of big concern for developing countries. This work is part of the study for the creation and establishment of a maintenance strategy and policy, which will be acceptable in developing countries. The paper proposes a methodology for the identification of critical components of the electronic fuel injection system with failure mode, effects and criticality analysis tool (FMECA). With the elaboration of this work, was possible to visualize that the maintenance strategy for each component depends strongly on the availability of equipment for the diagnosis (fail detection). As future work, would be important to study the influence of others parameters that influence the maintenance and vehicle operation, as cost, environment, human aspect and vehicle operation. Another useful analyses would be, to analyses the data in a probabilistic interpretation in order to visualize influence of each component failure in the system failure.
Calculation of Stress-Deformed Condition in Polymer Nanocomposites Filled with Microcapsules with Lubricant
Authors: Kolesnikov I.V. , Bardushkin V.V. , Myasnikov Ph.V.
Published: December 2017

The article suggests the technology of modifying a polymer matrix by microencapsulation, i. e. the introduction of microparticles (lubricants with nano-additives in polymer shells) into nanocomposites matrix, to form multilevel structures on the tribounit surface. Besides, it suggests the method of predicting the operational elastic properties of multicomponent matrix composites with microcapsules, filled with a liquid substance. The method is based on the generalized singular approximation of the theory of random fields and allows, taking into account the geometric dimensions of the inclusions in the shell. It contains the results of numerical modelling of the effective elastic characteristics (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) of composites, based on phenylone with dispersed inclusions (microcapsules), which are glycerin-filled spherical shells of the kapton. The paper investigates the effect of the geometric dimensions of microcapsules and the volumetric content of components on the operational elastic properties of tribocomposites. The developed antifriction nanomaterials with microcapsules are able to create an oriented lubricating coating on the friction surfaces, apply lubrication to a certain friction area and carry out the lubrication portion wise precisely in the necessary contact zone of the bodies.
Application of the Kineros model for predicting the effect of land use on the surface run-off Case study in Brantas sub-watershed, Klojen District, Malang City, East Java Province of Indonesia
Authors: Bisri Mohammad , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Prasetyorini Linda , Chasanawati Dwi
Published: December 2017

This study intended to illustrate the distribution of surface run-off. The methodology was by using Kineros model (kinetic run-off and erosion model). This model is a part of AGWA program which is as the development of ESRI ArcView SIG software that is as a tool for analysing hydrological phenomena in research about watershed simulating the process of infiltration, run-off depth, and erosion in a watershed of small scale such as ≤100 km2. The procedures are as follow: to analyse the run-off depth in Brantas sub-watershed, Klojen District by using Kineros model based on the land use change due to the rainfall simulation with the return period of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 25 years. Results show that the difference of land use affect the surface run-off or there is the correlation between land use and surface run-off depth. The maximum surface run-off depth in the year 2000 was 134.26 mm; in 2005 it was 139.36 mm; and in 2010 it was 142.76 mm. There was no significant difference between Kineros model and observation in field, the relative error was only 9.09%.
Surface water leakage, sedimentation and evaporation in arid regions: A case study of the Gargar dam, Algeria
Authors: Hassen Benfetta , Abid Ouadja
Published: December 2017

This study was carried out in order to assess the total capacity loss in Gargar dam, third-largest in Algeria, due to the mudding of the reservoir, intense evaporation and water leaks. We analysed the variation in leakage as a function of the reservoir level, and quantify losses due to leaks, sedimentation and evaporation. We relied on site visits and data obtained from the Algerian Agency for Dams and Transfers to assess the leakage volume; reservoir level; sedimentation and evaporation levels for the period 1988–2015. We present an updated report of this problem through the dam. We estimated total average losses of 23 million m3·year−1 for the period 1988–2015, made up of leakage (0.3 million m3·year−1), evaporation (18 million m3·year−1) and dead storage for 4.6 million m3·year−1. However, total losses for 2004 were estimated at 113.9 million m3, which increased to the alarming value of 166.8 million m3 in 2015. We suggest improving the waterproofness by a concrete screen, and reducing mudding and evaporation by reforestation, to increase the storage capacity of the dam.
Efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter with horizontal flow
Authors: Jóźwiakowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2017

The paper presents the results of the research about the efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter. The investigations were carried out on a model wastewater treatment plant consisting of a preliminary sedimentation tank and two sand filter with a horizontal flow of wastewater (aerobic and anaerobic beds). The efficiency of BOD5 and COD removal was analysed for different wastewater hydraulic load levels: 0.72; 1.08; 1.44 dm3·d−1. The best efficiency of BOD5 and COD removal was obtained when the hydraulic load level was 1.08 dm3·d−1, respectively 83.8 and 72.3%. The average values of BOD5 and COD in the treated wastewater were significantly higher than the values deemed acceptable by relevant regulations in Poland. Based on the studies in the analyzed case, it was found that, sand filters with horizontal flow, do not guarantee high effluent treatment effect of typical household wastewater. In order to obtain a better efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter wastewater need to be oxygenate before being carried to these systems.
Physicochemical quality of Wadi Bounamoussa surface waters (Northeast of Algeria)
Authors: Ramdani Hanene , Laifa Aziz
Published: December 2017

Nitrogen is a nutrient that causes inland waters and marine environements’ eutrophication. The latter has become a worldwide environmental concern that considerably lessens the aquatic environments’ quality. This study has focused on physicochemical aspect of Wadi Bounamoussa water, by the diagnosis of the watercourse eutrophication. The river drains a watershed mainly characterized by agricultural activities based on irrigated crops and livestock of sheep and cattle. Fertilizers being Nitrogen inputs and livestock waste are potential pollution source. Nitrogen can get into the watershed's hydro-system in the form of minerals or organic. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, NH4+, NO3−, NO2− were monitored in water samples taken in September and in December 2013 corresponding to the low season, and also in March and June 2014 corresponding to water high season. These samples were obtained from ten stations located along the river downstream sequence between El Cheffia dam and El Batah River mouth. Few observations have been made based on results obtained from the physicochemical analysis. Temperature, pH level, electrical conductivity as well as silica were significantly higher during low water periods comparing to high ones. It has been noticed from the analysis of various water sampling stations the presence of chloride ions with an increasing gradient from upstream to downstream, where it’s content has fluctuated between 30.52 mg·dm−3 and 9964.6 mg·dm−3. In conclusion, the presence of inorganic nitrogen is not considered as an eutrophication risk on the watercourse and its receiving environment.
Evaluation of the effects of land consolidation in the Latyczyn village in terms of land protection against erosion on the slope scale
Authors: Rybicki Roman
Published: December 2017

Soil erosion by water is an important economical issue strongly deteriorating environment and requiring remedial actions. The study was designed to evaluate antierosion effect of changes in the layout of plots from along to across slope as an effect of land consolidation. Moreover, rightness of leaving newly set out boundaries of plots without any protection (i.e. sodding) was evaluated. For this purpose simulations of use of additional anti-erosive measures were done. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used. Studies have shown that in addition to the design of transverse layout of parcels during consolidation, further antierosion measures may be necessary to reduce soil loss and sediment yield. In order to minimize soil losses outside the slope, boundaries between the newly designed fields should be sodded already in the post consolidation management. Limitation the amount of erosion over the entire slope requires use of additional protection measures in the upper part of slopes e.g. shelterbelts and antierosion crop rotations. WEPP model can be recommended for Provincial Bureaus of Surveying as a tool to support the development of assumptions for consolidation projects of lands threatened by erosion.
The ice regime of Lake Raduńskie Górne (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland)
Authors: Barańczuk Jacek , Bajkiewicz-Grabowska Elżbieta , Barańczuk Katarzyna , Staszek Wojciech
Published: December 2017

The paper presents assessment results of the ice dynamics on Lake Raduńskie Górne (Upper Radunia Lake) based on long-term observations of the course of ice phenomena. Interannual changes in lake ice phenology parameters (freeze-onset, ice-on, freeze duration, melt-onset, permanent ice cover duration, ice-off, melt duration) in the years 1961–2010 are discussed. In addition, the ice cover thickness was taken into consideration. The analysed parameters of ice phenology were compared to each other as well as to the mean air and water temperatures of the winter half-year (November–April). The main periods of the ice regime of the lake have been determined and described. The permanent ice cover constitutes on average 79%, freeze-up period 13%, and break-up period 8% of the whole time of ice phenomena. It was shown that the weather parameters crucial for ice formation are the mean air and surface water temperatures. On Lake Raduńskie Górne the ice phenomena can only occur when mean air temperature in the winter half-year, at Borucino wheather station, is lower than 4.9°C, and water temperature (at a depth of 0.4 m) is lower than 5.7°C. In turn permanent ice cover is created when the mean air temperature of the winter half-year is lower than 3.9°C. The maximum and mean ice cover thickness on Lake Raduńskie Górne ranged, respectively, from 0.5 to 50 cm, and from 0.5 to 38.3 cm. These parameters were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.87–0.88, p <0.05) with the duration of the ice cover period.
Lauren Mayberry vs. 4chan’s online misogyny: A Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective
Authors: Wagener Albin
Published: December 2017

The present paper focuses on a Critical Discourse Analysis of an online discussion opposing 4chan users and pop singer Lauren Mayberry, regarding a video posted on YouTube. The lead singer of the band Chvrches gets targeted for being a feminist activist and appearing in a skimpy dress and occasionally wet hair in a music video, thus raising sexually offensive and negative comments of one of the world’s most prominent online communities. This article uses a methodology combining semantics (