bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of the pioneer vegetation of Ukraine. 2. Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae, Festucetea vaginatae, Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis classes
Authors: Dubyna D. V. , Dziuba Т. P. , Iemelianova S. M. , Tymoshenko P. A.
Published: October 2020

Pioneer psammophytic vegetation is usually developed on wind-drift sandy substrates such as arenas, spits, beaches, river terraces, and this vegetation occupies significant areas in all three natural zones of Ukraine. The Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class was represented by 13 associations, 3 alliances and 1 order; Festucetea vaginatae class by 22 associations, 2 alliances and 1 order; Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae by 10 associations, 4 alliances and 1 order. The results of cluster analysis and synoptic tables of the classes are presented. 9 alliances are briefly described. Leading factors of territorial and ecological differentiation are identified. It was found that the territorial distribution of plant communities is influenced by the character of ecotope mesorelief, soil composition and humus horizon thickness, as well as the degree of eolian processes development. The main factors of their ecological differentiation are soil acidity, salt regime and ombroregime. Based on the results of DCA-ordination of syntaxa within certain vegetation classes, it was found that their distribution is influenced by factors that correlate with the environment-specific conditions. It has emerged that an ecological differentiation of syntaxa within Festucetea vaginatae is determined by the integrated effect of gradients, and soil salinity is leading among them. Temperature regime and climate continentality are leading factors in the distribution of syntaxa within the Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class. The gradients of ombroregime and soil humidity have a significant impact. The distribution of communities of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae class in the ecological space is determined mainly by factors of variability of damping, ombroregime and climate continentality. The author’s syntaxonomic concept assumes the independence of the studied classes: Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis, Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Festucetea vaginatae, conside­ring that the leading factors of community differentiation of the Festucetea vaginatae and Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis classes are the origin (genesis) of sandy substrates, as well as soil acidity. Phytosociological analysis of a large number of relevés of coastal littoral vegetation also provides support for independence of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Ammophiletea classes diffe­rent floristically and ecologically. A review of the psammophytic vegetation of Ukraine will determine the place of the selected syntaxonomic units in the pan-European system.
Carbon dioxide emission and humus status of Albic Stagnic Luvisol under different fertilization regimes
Authors: Olifir Y. M. , Habryiel A. J. , Partyka T. V. , Havryshko O. S.
Published: October 2020

The increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which enhances the greenhouse effect and leads to climate change, is the fundamental scientific problem of nowadays. Modern approaches to fertility management technologies of acid soils based on the principles of resource conservation and environmental safety are presented. They are based on the results of the study of carbon dioxide emission intensity, humus status, and crop rotation productivity in a classic long-term agricultural experiment under the influence of long-term use of various fertilizer systems with the application of ameliorant doses calculated by pH buffering capacity and hydrolytic acidity. The organo-mineral fertilizer system with the addition of 10 t of manure per ha of crop rotation area + N65P68K68, liming with a CaCO3 dose calculated according to pH buffering capacity (2.5 t/ha) contributes most to the optimization of soil processes. At the same time, it ensures the rational use of fertilizers and ameliorants, preservation of fertility, optimizes the processes of humus formation and carbon dioxide release. A high level of productivity of Albic Stagnic Luvisols forms under these conditions – 7.38 t/ha of grain units. Application of 1.0 and 1.5 lime norms calculated according to soil hydrolytic acidity with organic-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems on Albic Stagnic Luvisols in a short four-field crop rotation is not only a high-cost measure. However, it causes significant carbon loss in the form of CO2 due to additional mineralization. It is accompanied by calcium leaching and creates environmental problems in the conditions of the periodic washing-off water regime. Therefore, liming by CaCO3 dose calculated according to acid-base buffering capacity should be carried out before each of the following rotations in order to harmonize the environmental and productive functions of Albic Stagnic Luvisols in the short crop rotation. The obtained research results will be used to improve the methodology for determining carbon dioxide emissions and predicting the effect of various fertilizer and liming systems on its balance in the soil.
Phytoplankton of the delta of the Mekong River during the dry season
Authors: Sharov A. N. , Tsvetkov A. I. , Korneva L. G. , Dinh C. N.
Published: October 2020

Human activity has disturbed the functioning of river ecosystems all around the globe. The current global climatic fluctuations and local anthropogenic impact lead to rearrangement in the structure and functioning of aquatic communities. One of the most important components of aquatic ecosystems is phytoplankton as the main primary producer of the organic matter, the basis for trophic relations and indicator of changes in the environment. This article presents the first results of a study concerning the peculiarities of quantitative distribution of biomass and species composition of phytoplankton in the delta of the Mekong River at the beginning of the dry season (December of 2018). Diatoms dominated according to biomass practically in all the stations of selection of samples. The total biomass of phytoplankton on average accounted for 0.049 ± 0.007 mg/L at the abundance of 40 ± 7 103 ind./L. In practically all the studied plots, according to biomass, the dominating diatoms were first of all Aulacoseira granulata, A. islandica, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclotella spp., and Oxyneis binalis. Among Chlorophyta, most often we found Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda, but their biomass was insignificant. We determined statistically significant correlation relationships between biomass of phytoplankton and hydrological parameters. Based on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, we determined negative relations between the total biomass of phytoplankton with salinity and pH. Positive correlation was seen between the biomass of diatoms and turbidity, and also between the temperature and the biomass of chlorophytes and Dinophyta. The biomass of golden algae (Chrysophyceae) and Dinophyta positively correlated with the mineralization. Quantitative regression analysis confirmed the close relationship between the total biomass of phytoplankton, hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters. Besides the importance of scientific data on biological diversity and ecology of plankton algae, the results we obtained are necessary for organizing biological monitoring in the delta of the Mekong River in the future.
The first record of Eucoleus aerophilus in the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Stevanovic Oliver , Trbojević Igor , Paraš Smiljana , Nedić Drago , Trbojević Tijana
Published: October 2020

This paper represents the first report on the presence of a cardiorespiratory nematodes in the gray wolf from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The heart and lungs with corresponding trachea from wolves that were legally hunted from 2009 to 2019 have been analysed by routine post mortem macroscopical examination. A total of 25 heart samples were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum, while five lungs with trachea samples were examined for the presence of lung nematodes. There was no confirmed presence of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum, while the presence of species Eucoleus aerophilus was established in one case (20%). This study confirms that the gray wolf is a source of infection with Eucoleus aerophilus to other natural hosts.
Planned and rational management of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas,1778) population in Vojvodina region (Serbia) for the past 50 years (1967-2016)
Authors: Ristic Zoran A. , Urosevic Miroslav I. , Ristic Nemanja Z. , Matejevic Milosava , Ponjiger Igor , Kovacevic Milutin , Cirovic Predrag , Prodanović Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

Research on the percentage of young in the brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pall.) population in Vojvodina has been carried out since 1967 until 2016. The number of hare in this period ranged from minimum 154,990 individuals (with an average density of the population of 8,06) in 2014 to a maximum recorded in 1975 with 301,680 individuals (with an average population density of 15.10). An average number of hares recorded during annual spring counts was 265,070 with an average population density of 13.15 individuals per 100 ha. The average annual recorded cull was 40,495 hares (15.28% of spring hare count). For this period, each year in the Laboratory for Hunting, tests were carried out on hare (eye lens), and all hunting clubs were obliged to deliver samples in order to be given permission to hunt. In total, there were 9,648 samples, which on average for the 49-year research period amounted to 197. The largest number of samples was in 2009, when 300 hunting clubs, or two-thirds, delivered eye lenses to the laboratory for analysis. For the 1967-2015 period an average of 7,967 rabbits eye lenses (years 1971 and 1972 must be excluded with 605 and 587 eye lenses when a total hunting ban was made, and only hunting was carried out for scientific research). The average share of young for the observed period was 57.6%, with the minimum recorded in 2014 of 35.9% and a maximum of 70.3% in 1994. The reproductive index ranged from 1.09 to 2.33 rabbits per rabbit in 1994. The results of our research showed the diversity of selected population dynamics indicators for all hunting grounds in Vojvodina that were compared with similar research in Europe. Hunting, as shown, doesn't jeopardize the population, but other factors such as intensive soil cultivation with large agricultural plots and excessive use of pesticides followed by improper use.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and neuropsychological outcomes
Authors:   Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, Lazarus Theophilus ,   Neuropsychology Practice, Durban, South Africa
Published: October 2020

The entire world is currently confronted with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS.CoV.2), a novel betacoronavirus causing the deadly pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID.19). Since there is now increasing reports of neurological and cognitive problems, the impact of COVID.19 on neuropsychological functioning is unknown but is likely to leave residual problems.
The structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of women and men during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland
Authors:   University of Economics and Innovation Lublin, Poland, Mazur Anna
Published: October 2020

Since the COVID.19 pandemic is a serious crisis in many countries around the world, it is important to conduct empirical research aimed at identifying risks and factors protecting the functioning of people affected by it [1, 2]. For this reason, the goal of this research is to determine the structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of 226 women and 226 men during the COVID.19 epidemic in Poland by looking at connections between physical activity, mental health disorders and cognitive processes and their significance for the quality of social relations. Methodologically, the research relies on IPAQ Questionnaire [3], GHQ-28 Questionnaires [4], TUS Test — 6/9 version [5] and the original SFS Scale. The structural model indicates that physical activity weakens the relationship between mental health disorders and cognitive processes, and gender is the moderator of these relationships. This suggests that physical activity adapted to the condition of health may be an important component of gender. individualized psycho. preventive interventions.
Sychological aspects of the style of 19th century russian authors: corpus-based analysis of literary texts in interdisciplinary research
Authors:   Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg, Russia, Mukhin Mikhail , Filatova Ekaterina ,   Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: October 2020

The study is based on the corpus of texts of Russian classical prose of the 19th century. It is shown how by means of comparative statistical analysis it is possible to reveal the unique features of a writer’s individual style. The study focuses on the specific cases of the use of the word litso (face) in Anton Chekhov’s psychological prose. The conclusions are made about the potential of corpus methodology in interdisciplinary research.
Narrative therapeutic approach in the care for patients with dementia and psychosis
Authors:   University of Limoges, Limoges, France, Thomas Philippe
Published: October 2020

Dementia and psychosis can arise from a trauma in patients’ life history. Behavioral difficulties of the afflicted individual can lead to bad memories triggered by an event or an encounter. Attempts to bring such patients back to reality can destroy their awareness of the self and the world. A narrative therapeutic approach can help them reconstruct their life story and enhance their sense of wellbeing. With dementia, it is necessary to open the book of the afflicted individual’s life at the right page in order to help them get back to reading it in the present. With psychosis, stories must be detached from the personal life history and from reality. An empathetic therapist allows the patient to bypass the obstacles to link their fictional and real life and to recover the necessary minimum of self.awareness.
Luria’s aphasiology in the 21st century
Authors:   Albizu University, Miami, USA, Ardila Alfredo ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

Luria’s interpretation of brain organization for language and aphasia is analyzed. He published two major books and a myriad of papers devoted to this topic. Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary aphasiology, as from the fundamental point of view as from the clinical perspective. His significant influence has continued during the 21st century. Many of Luria’s ideas have been integrated into contemporary aphasiology. His aphasia classification, however, remains partially controversial.
Professional motives in primary school teachers
Authors:   Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Puebla, México, Morales González María Alejandra , Solovieva Yulia ,   Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the professional motives of primary school teachers and their relation to the teaching/learning process. This research relies on the historic. cultural paradigm and the activity theory, especially the categories of motives proposed by A. Leontiev and N. Talizina. The study was based on semi.structured interviews with a teacher and six students of the 6th grade of a private urban primary school. It also included analysis of their written narratives and a video recording of a class session. Our findings suggest a relationship between the teacher’s motives and the students’ learning process.
Identifying twice-exceptionality — a case study of a gifted child with ADHD
Authors:   Paulista University São Paulo, Brazil, Halpern-Chalom Marina
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on a case study of a gifted child with ADHD to illustrate the condition of twice.exceptionality — an association between giftedness and disability. This case study aims to shed light on this condi tion, and to highlight the importance of identifying and considering both exceptionalities in a remediation program.
Applying principles of Luria’s theory to the fetal stage and integration of psycho-physiological mechanisms to optimize adaptive behavior
Authors:   Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Lazarus Gershom T. , Ginalis Christine L. ,   The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, United States
Published: October 2020

Luria proposed that the brain is organized hierarchically and according to functional units. The functional units provide a basis of integrated experience and behavior that becomes fractionated in various psychological and behavioral disorders. Emerging research suggests that the fundamental organization of brain networks and functional connections are established in utero during the second and third trimesters of fetal development. This paper discusses the value of studying emerging fetal organization within the framework of Luria’s theory. In addition, it will expand Luria’s theory in emphasizing the integration of physiological and psychological mechanisms across the life.span, with the aim of developing more individualized assessment and intervention tools.
Neuroscience and inclusive education: a teacher training program
Authors:   University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Magro de Santana Braga Carolina , Versuti Fabiana Maris ,   University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Published: October 2020

Inclusion is a relevant public policy for education. Nonetheless, the evaluation of its effectiveness still needs further investigation. The existing research literature shows the importance of teachers as a vital agent in this process. In the context of continuing teacher education, the theme of inclusion is often left outside of scholarly attention. This study aims to outline teacher training for inclusive education, especially regarding the inclusion of students with neurodevelopmental disorders. The survey covered 50 kindergarten and elementary private school teachers. Following the intervention, the teachers’ spontaneous reports demonstrate a change in their perception of students with disabilities. Further investigation is required to systematize the methodology and results of this survey.
Neuropsychological indicators of the level of formation of higher mental functions in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, Pustovaya Alina V. , Pustovaya Evgenia N. ,   Neuropsychologist of Psychological and Defectological Center ‘World of Family’ Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: October 2020

This article presents the results of neuropsychological diagnostics of a group of children with autism spectrum disorders.
Neurocognitive functions as an indicator of subjective adaptation to involutionary processes
Authors:   Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg, Russia, Dorogina Olga I. , Khlystova Elena V. ,   Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg, Russia, Burmistrova Julia V. ,   Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: October 2020

This neuropsychological study focuses on cognitive correlates of a successful process of adaptation to involutional processes. We examined 94 elderly people without pronounced cognitive impairments. It was shown that adaptation positively correlates with cognitive functions and negatively with comorbidity; the most significant predictors of successful adaptation to involutional processes are semantic memory and the rate of anticipatory processes.
Inconsistencies of small business fiscal stimulation in Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Yaroshevych N. B. , Cherkasova S. V. ,   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Lviv, Ukraine, Kalaitan T. V. ,   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the effects of fiscal instruments used to stimulate the development of small business in Ukraine and the hypothesis that the inconsistencies inherent in these instruments prevent them from achieving the desired outcomes. To test this hypothesis, the authors estimated the percentage of small businesses covered by the simplified tax scheme and analyzed such fiscal instruments as the simplified tax scheme, various types of debt financing and taxation of debt financing. The authors used the data on the amount and dynamics of repayable financial assistance to estimate the scale of the phenomenon of corporate split-ups. The latter might be caused by the interest of large and medium-sized companies in accessing small business tax preferences. To calculate the amount of repayable financial assistance the authors propose to adjust the indicator of other current liabilities for the following indicators: other current accounts payable; interest incomes of resident banks; interest incomes of non-resident banks from their lending transactions in Ukraine; commission incomes of resident banks; and the total amount of corporate bonds. The analysis relies on the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on activity of companies and the data of the National Bank of Ukraine on the country’s banking system in 2012–2017. The results of the analysis have confirmed the initial hypothesis about the contradictory effects of fiscal instruments: 1) In the given period, from 22% to 38% of small businesses did not have access to the benefits of the simplified tax system due to the inadequacy of the criteria for defining the size of business. 2) The taxation norms discriminated against small businesses seeking to use specific instruments of debt financing: instead of stimulating the development of start-ups, these fiscal instruments encouraged large and medium-sized companies to split into smaller units. 3) What distinguishes Ukraine from other countries is the wide use of repayable financial assistance by small businesses to attract funds. Calculations have shown that the share of repayable financial assistance among other available instruments of debt financing in the given period exceeded 28%. Thus, the findings indicate that further improvements of small business taxation are necessary.
Modelling of Fiscal and Monetary Policy Interactions in the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Belarusian State Economic University, Minsk, Belarus, Loukianova I. A. , Shkliarova M. A. ,   Belarusian State Economic University, Minsk, Belarus, Vysotsky S. Yu. ,   Belarusian State Economic University, Minsk, Belarus
Published: October 2020

The article discusses classical and modern macroeconomic models of interaction of fiscal and monetary policies in Belarus. The hypothesis of this research is that the interaction of fiscal and monetary policies has a synergistic effect on economic growth and that at certain stages, one of these policies prevails over the other. This hypothesis was tested with the help of an IS-LM model, which was used to investigate the joint effects of monetary and fiscal policies on business activity in Belarus. A Markov switching model was developed in Eviews software to analyze the interaction between these policies. Regression dependences of the average tax burden (including the burden imposed by social security contributions) and GDP, investment and the refinancing rate were built by using Excel software. To solve the IS-LM model, the value of autonomous consumption was computed with the help of the adjusted value of the average propensity to consume. It was found that autonomous consumption is comparable with the budget of subsistence minimum in Belarus. The share of government spending in the GDP structure was on average 35.01%. The comparison of gross savings and investment showed that in the majority of periods, gross savings insignificantly exceeded the amount of investment, that is, the available funds were used for consumer lending rather than for investment. Analysis of the Markov switching model has led us to the conclusion that from the first quarter 2005 until the fourth quarter of 2009, the fiscal policy in Belarus was in the active regime. The passive fiscal policy regime was observed in the period between the first quarter of 2010 and the first quarter of 2019. In this period, a rise in the public debt was accompanied by an increase in the budget surplus. In the second quarter of 2019, there was a transition to a more active fiscal policy, which points to the need to intensify tax reforms.
Tax Buoyancy and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence of Bulgaria
Authors:   Southwest University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, Tanchev S. , Todorov I. ,   Southwest University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
Published: October 2020

The study analyzes the long-run and short-run tax buoyancies of Bulgaria and their relationship with Bulgaria’s economic growth. The buoyancy measures the response of tax revenue to changes in economic growth. The buoyancy indicates whether collectability of the tax on income, profit, and consumption increases. The object of this study is the collectability of aggregate tax revenues and of the revenues from different types of taxes – value added tax, personal income tax, corporate tax and social security contributions in Bulgaria. The subject of the study is the relationship of different tax revenues with economic growth. The research methods employed are the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The research covers the period from the first quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2017 and uses the Eurostat data (78 observations). The study aims to show which type of revenues (from direct or from indirect taxes) is more important for Bulgaria’s state budget. It is shown that the buoyancies of aggregate tax revenue, personal income tax and social security contributions significantly differ from one another in the long-run. The buoyancies of the value-added tax and the corporate tax are above one in the long run. In the short-run the buoyancy of the aggregate tax revenues, the corporate tax, the income tax and the social security contributions are different from one. The short-run buoyancy of VAT exceeds one, hence dynamics of VAT revenues is sustainable. The collectability of the aggregate tax revenue, personal income tax and social security contributions has increased neither in the long run nor in the short run. It is therefore recommended that inefficient taxes, whose collectability does not increase, be reformed.
Sector-Specific Characteristics of Tax Crime in Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University named the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Kireenko A. P. , Nevzorova E. N. ,   Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia, Fedotov D. Yu. ,   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the hypothesis that fiscal crime has some sector-specific characteristics, which tend to become more pronounced as new technologies emerge and develop. These characteristics should be taken into account when devising policies targeted at fighting tax evasion. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed quantitative (the level of economic crime in Russia in general and for different types of economic activity) and qualitative characteristics of crime (structure, dynamics and nature of crime). We also conducted analysis of the correlation between these indicators and the structure of costs and financial performance of organizations. The research relies on crime statistics, which reflect the scale of tax evasion better than financial statistics (since the latter are influenced by a large number of factors and are subject to significant change even within one year). Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for verification. Sectors of economy were ranked in descending order according to the corresponding economic crime rates and loss to gross value added in the sector. The findings show that unlike the cases of tax evasion, the number of economic crimes does not closely correlate with the structure of costs. Most tax crimes and corporate tax evasion in particular are recorded in sectors with lower labour costs, social security contributions and other prime costs but with higher depreciation of fixed assets (capital intensive industries). Thus, the results of this study contradict the findings of international scholars that shadow economy is larger in highest paying industries. It is shown that the sectors with higher losses are characterized by higher crime rates, that is, the loss in many cases is connected to tax evasion and related economic crime. The research has brought to light certain sector-specific characteristics of tax evasion, which means that these characteristics should be taken into account in governance and policy-making as well as in further research on this topic.
Influence of nanosized particles of zirconium and aluminum oxides on the properties of materials based on the Si-B4C-ZrB2 composition
Authors: Nikolaev A. N. , Ban'kovskaya I. B. , Perevislov S. N.
Published: October 2020

The effect of nanosized particles of ZrO2 and Al2O3 on physicomechanical properties (elastic modulus, flexural strength, microhardness), phase composition, and also the microstructure of materials based on Si-B4C-ZrB2 is studied. After heat treatment in air in an electric furnace, a borosilicate glass-forming melt was obtained by a reaction method, which had an encapsulating effect on the starting components. As a result, gradient glassceramic  materials were obtained in which the surface glass-ceramic layer protects the underlying layers from oxidation. This approach can be used to obtain protective coatings for carbon materials. It is shown that the  introduced additives improve the mechanical properties  of the composites.
Investigation of gas-phase processes for the preparation of fiber-reinforced organomorphic ceramic composites with a SiC-matrix
Authors: Bogachev E. A. , Kulik V. I. , Kulik A. V. , Nilov A. S.
Published: October 2020

The isothermal process of gas-phase chemical deposition for the compaction of organomorphic carbon-fiber preforms with a SiC-matrix obtained by carbonization of compressed fibers of oxidized polyacrylonitrile has been investigated. Their feature is high (up to 70 %) and uniform pore size (reduced pore diameter from several micrometers to several tens of micrometers) porosity. The problem of optimizing the technological parameters of the process of obtaining ceramic-matrix composites (CMC) was solved by a combination of experimental research and numerical modeling. Experimental samples of CMC were obtained using a non-halogen precursor of methylsilane CH3SiH3, and their residual porosity was determined. For the numerical study of the gas-phase process of compaction of preforms, a 1D model was used. The simulation results were compared with experimental observations.
Comparative indicators of abrasive powders of cubic boron nitride of different grades
Authors: Volov V. N. , Garshin A. P.
Published: October 2020

Comparative indicators of abrasive powders of cubic boron nitride of different grades Comparative data on the synthesis of cubic boron nitride (CBN) of the Elbor grade in the Mg-B-N system using different catalysts on presses with a force of 25 MN (DO044) for the period 1997‒2009 are presented. A description of the technical characteristics of CBN of different brands of Elbor in comparison with CBN powders of ABN (DeBeers) and CBN800 (China) grades is presented.
Thermal insulation materials based on expanded vermiculite and foamed liquid glass
Authors: Tikhomirova I. N. , Makarov A. V. , . Zin Min Khtet
Published: October 2020

This article examines the properties of thermal insulation materials made on the basis of expanded vermiculite and a liquid-glass binder obtained by foaming with a gas-forming agent (foaming agent) and volume-cured by chemical reaction with sodium fluorosilicate. The relations between the amount of binder and filler are determined, which make it possible to form products by injection molding and obtain materials with different strength, thermal conductivity and density.
Heat-resistant coatings on CCCM for aerospace applications
Authors: Sinitsyn D. Yu. , Anikin V. N. , Eremin S. A. , Vanyushin V. O. , Shvetsov A. A. , Bardin N. G.
Published: October 2020

Slip coatings of ZrB2‒MoSi2‒SiC system on CCCM of the next compostions, wt. %: 55 ZrB2 + 25 MoSi2 + 20 SiC (ZSM25), 50 ZrB2 + 30 MoSi2 + 20 SiC (ZSM30) and 45 ZrB2 + 35 MoSi2 + 20 SiC (ZSM35) are discussed in the article. The modes of the coatings’ heat treatment were worked out and the optimal method for producing heat-resistant coatings was selected. It was found that the coating of composition 1 satisfies the heat resistance assessment tests conditions on the Multiplas 2500-m plasmatron, presumably working due to the formation of a highly viscous ZrSiO4 film.
Influence of the dispersion of quartzites on the properties of dinas refractories masses
Authors: Eminov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the effects of the fractional composition of quartzite on the physical and mechanical properties of a fired shard of dinas refractory masses. As a result of the study of their chemical-mineralogical, fractional compositions and physicochemical characteristics, it was found that for the development of the composition of refractory dinas masses, it is necessary to use fractions of fine grinding of quartzite.
Computational engineering of surface layer ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic. Thermal analysis
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigoriev S. N. , Volosova M. A.
Published: October 2020

The regularities of the thermal and stress state of the surface layer of ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic under influence of heat flow are established. It is revealed that the role of the thermal factor in the fracture mechanism of this layer is manifested in the formation of unfavorable microstructural stress concentrators.
Computer modeling of ventilation when performing electric welding
Authors: Shaptala V. V. , Logachev K. I. , Severin N. N. , Khukalenko E. E. , Gusev Yu. M.
Published: October 2020

The design of an integrated ventilation system, which combines local exhaust ventilation of welders' workplaces and general ventilation of premises, is considered. Thefields of air mobility, its temperature and concentration of harmful impurities are calculated using the method of computer modeling. A comparative analysis of the main types of stationary devices for local exhaust ventilation of electric welding workstations (exhaust hoods, welding panels, as well as blowers) is performed. The conditions for the effective use of lift-and-turn suction pumps have been determined. The factors influencing the efficiency of their work have been identified, and combinations of influencing factors have been established that ensure the maximum permissible concentration of harmful emissions in the working areas of welders. The conditions under which the general exchange effect of local suction is sufficient to maintain the concentration in the room at the level of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) have been determined. The results obtained can be used to develop engineering methods for calculating and optimizing ventilation devices and systems, as well as to analyze structural and design solutions for the ventilation device of electric welding industries.
Development of a porous catalytic converter for the dehydrogenation of cumene to α-methylstyrene
Authors: Uvarov V. I. , Kapustin R. D. , Kirillov A. O. , Fedotov A. S. , Tsodikov M. V.
Published: October 2020

A porous catalytically active membrane based on α-Al2O3 has been synthesized. Powdered additives of the eutectic composition of magnesium oxide and silicon carbide were introduced with the initial corundum filler to synthesize the membrane frame with high open porosity and physical and mechanical characteristics. Then, pressing was carried out at a pressure of 40 to 70 MPa, followed by sintering in the process combustion mode. Additives Re2O7 and WO3 up to 4 wt. % was introduced into the initial mixture by a simple technological method to impart catalytic properties to the synthesized membrane. The scientific foundations have been developed for creating a technology for one-stage production of catalytically active ultraporous membrane converters effective for the processes of cumene dehydrogenation to α-methylstyrene.
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Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2020

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Regularities of structure and phase formation at the synthesis of AlN‒Al2O 3‒Y 2O 3compositions in the combustion mode
Authors: Zakorzhevsky V. V. , Kovalev I. D. , Mukhina N. I.
Published: October 2020

The results of studies on the synthesis of AlN‒Al2O3‒Y2O3 compositions in the combustion mode in an industrial reactor are presented. The influence of synthesis temperature on the formation of microstructure, phase composition of compositions and oxygen content of impurities dissolved in the crystal lattice of aluminum nitride was studied. The optimal synthesis temperature is determined. Experimental batches of composite powders were produced for the production of dielectric ceramics with high thermal conductivity.
Protection method of plasma-jet hard-facing by gas powder flow
Authors: Kravchenko I. N. , Kartsev S. V. , Kuznetsov Yu. А.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the rsults of investigation of rate of gas flow and powder particles flying at plasma-jet hard-facing by constricted arc in gas powder protective media. We suggest a new method of welding bath protection by gas powder flow to reduce argon consumption by 50-60 %, and also to reduce plasmatron massdimentional characters, refusing from sheld cup and protective gas as an independent flow.
Research of benonite clays of Karakalpakstan for producing ceramic heat-insulating materials
Authors: Kadyrova Z. R. , Purkhanatdinov A. P. , Niyazova Sh. M.
Published: October 2020

The results of a comprehensive study of bentonite clays of the North-Dzhamansay deposit of Karakalpakstan to obtain ceramic thermal insulation materials are presented. According to the chemical-mineral and fractional compositions, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of bentonite clay, the possibility of its use in the production of ceramic thermal insulation materials for various purposes has been established.
Influence of hardening additives on the characteristics of TiC‒Al2O3 ceramic composite tribological applications, obtained by SHS
Authors: Besisa D. H. A. , Zaki Z. I. , Amin A. M. M. , Ahmed Y. M. Z. , Ewais E. M. M.
Published: October 2020

In attempts to attain a SHS synthesized TiC‒Al2O3 composite with high density, homogenous microstructure and extra mechanical properties for using in aggressive media, addition of different reinforcements have to be studied and inspected. In this work, ductile nickel metal powder with different content (5‒20 wt. %) and 1 mole fraction dilution of alumina and zirconia with and without Ni addition are introduced to TiC‒Al2O3 ceramic and synthesized by combined self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and direct consolidation (DC) technique. The influence of nickel wt. % and dilution with zirconia and alumina on the phase composition, densification behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties of SHS synthesized TiC‒Al2O3 composite has been investigated and analyzed. Results revealed that, addition of 5 wt. % Ni gave the best densification behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties with exact formation of the target composite of TiC‒Al2O3. However, increasing Ni content higher than 5 wt % and dilution with zirconia and alumina led to disturbing the chemical reactions between the starting precursors, drooping and deterioration in density, microstructure and mechanical properties. Accordingly, this study suggests the addition of 5 wt. % Ni for a highly dense TiC‒Al2O3 composite with homogenized morphology and unparalleled mechanical properties. Moreover, the different investigated characteristics of the produced composites nominate it strongly to be used successfully in aggressive and tribological applications.
The relationship of phase and chemical compositions of a durable ceramic material of the fortification wall of the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) age more than 1000 years
Authors: Abdrakhimova E. S. , Abdrakhimov V. Z.
Published: October 2020

A ceramic material with an age of more than 1000 years has been studied. Plinth was used as a ceramic material for the construction of the fortress wall. In addition, the element analysis determined an increased content of carbon in the samples - 9,50 %. Increased carbon content in inclusions indicates the introduction of fuel into the raw material. The introduction of fuel into the raw material not only increases the porosity of the products, but also contributes to the uniform sintering of the ceramic shard and with an increased content of alkali oxides (R2O > 4 %), the formation of a glass phase up to 1000 oC.
Measurements of friction and wear of powder composite materials by the «pin-on-disc» mechanism
Authors: Yusubov F. F.
Published: October 2020

In this study, friction and wear properties of friction composite materials which is developed by powder metallurgy methods was examined.The technological sequence such as grinding, dry mixing, pressing and sintering wereused in the manufacturing of materials. The tribological properties of the obtained specimens were studied on a vertical machine MMW-1 using the «pin-on-disc» mechanism. The optical microscope Amscope was used to analyze the wear surfaces.
Intensification of foam technology by the energy of the electrohydrothermal power field. Part 3. Investigation of the processes of heat and mass transfer in the foam system under the influence of EHTPF
Authors: Sokov V. N.
Published: October 2020

As a result of thermal expansion in the foam mass of the gas phase, which acts as a sealing component in a closed volume, excessive internal pressure is generated and fields of pressure, temperature, and moisture content are formed. Particular flows of liquid arising from these fields are directed from the center to the perforated walls of the form with a distance beyond it. In EHTPF, there are three partial flows of moisture that make up a single flow in the mass. Thus, self-compaction is accompanied by heat and mass transfer processes. At low temperatures, moisture moves in the material in the form of a liquid, and at high temperatures, in the form of vapor. The density of the total moisture flow can be represented as the sum of the densities of private flows. An analytical study of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer flows allows one to analyze the behavior of the foam mass during heatpower treatment and to choose the best conditions for it.
Computational engineering of surface layer ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic. Combined analysis
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigor’ev S. N. , Volosova M. A.
Published: October 2020

The main regularities of the stress state of the surface layer of ground Al2O3‒TiC ceramic under the combined load are determined. It is revealed that the force load compensates for thermal elastic deformations, but at the same time complicates the stress state in comparison with the action of loads of the same type. The role of the combination of structural elements that formed the surface of Al2O3‒TiC ceramic in the formation of unfavorable microstructural stress concentrators is established.
Refractory equipment for firing aluminum nitride substrates
Authors: Nepochatov Yu. K. , Pletnev P. M. , Denisova A. A.
Published: October 2020

The features of firing aluminitride substrates, characterized by a high temperature of more than 1800 0С and the presence of a reducing environment, are described. It is shown that the high quality of substrates in parallelism, thermal conductivity, and other properties can be achieved, along with the establishment of optimal firing modes, using a special design of a capsule based on boron nitride, which is a container that consists of a body - a box of rectangular cross section, bottom and plane-parallel dividing plates with supports. To create a local (inside the capsule) clean recovery medium, thorn-groove interlocks between the body and the bottom are provided, filled with a heat-resistant inert powder.
A Five-Year Engagement
Authors: Kinchy Abby J. , Parthasarathy Shobita , Delborne Jason
Published: October 2020

In this editorial essay, Abby Kinchy, Shobita Parthasarathy, and Jason Delborne look back at the editorial and publishing practices of the first five years of the journal Engaging Science, Technology, and Society (ESTS), the open access journal of The Society for Social Studies of Science (4S). As three members of the inaugural ESTS Editorial Board, Kinchy, Parthasarathy, and Delborne reflect on what they value in academic practice, including publishing, and consider some of the highlights and accomplishments of ESTS’s first five years (2015-2020).
II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Eğitim Politikalarına Bakış
Authors: AŞÇI Emine
Published: October 2020

II. Meşrutiyet dönemi her alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da yeni ve önemli gelişmelerin kaydedildiği bir süreçtir. Özellikle Batı tarzı eğitim modellerinin çokça tartışıldığı bu süreçte yönetim İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin elindedir. Memleketin bütün sorunlarının çözülmesi hedefi ile yola çıkmış olan İttihat ve Terakki’nin en fazla önem verdiği konu başlıklarından biri eğitimdir. Bu süreçte eğitim dilinin ne olması gerektiği, okulların denetlenmesi, dini okulların ıslahı, Batı tarzı okulların açılması gibi konular çokça tartışılmıştır. Osmanlıcı bir yaklaşımla bütün bu konu başlıklarında birtakım hedefleri olan İttihat ve Terakki programlarındaki eğitim başlığı altındaki maddelere dayanarak bu hedefleri yerine getirmeye çalışmıştır. Bu çerçevede iş başına getirdiği bazı eğitimciler vasıtası ile eğitimde başarılı dönüşümler yapmak istemiştir. Fakat Osmanlı Devleti’nin kozmopolit yapısı, karşısında keskin bir muhalefetin yer alması ve ekonomik yetersizlikler sebebiyle bu çalışmalar tam manasıyla başarıya ulaşamayacaktır.
Tarih Eğitiminin Tarihinden Bir Kesit: 20. Yüzyılın Başlarında (1898-1904) Osmanlı Devlet Okullarında Tarih Dersinin Yeri
Authors: VURGUN Ahmet
Published: October 2020

19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında tarih derslerinin okul müfredatlarına girmeye başlamasıyla birlikte tarih eğitiminin tarihi gelişim süreci başlamıştır. Böylece tarih, tüm topluma hitap eden bir alan haline gelmiştir. Akabinde ders kitaplarının da hazırlanmasıyla birlikte tarih öğretimi sistemli bir hale getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Dönemin şartları ve yapısı, tüm eğitim sistemi gibi tarih eğitimini de etkilemiş, dersin içeriği ve ders kitapları buna göre oluşturulmuştur. Tarih eğitiminin tarihi konusunda araştırma yapılırken dönemin ders kitaplarının yanı sıra, hatıralar, mecmua ve gazeteler, arşiv vesikaları temel kaynakları oluşturmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra eğitim tarihinin kaynakları olan Maarif Salnameleri, tarih eğitiminin tarihi çalışmaları için de önemli bir kaynak niteliğinde olup okul müfredatları içerisinde yer alan tarih dersi hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, II. Abdülhamid döneminde Maarif Nezareti tarafından hazırlanan Maarif Salnamelerinden hareketle, 20. yüzyılın başlarında (1898-1904) Osmanlı devlet okulları ve müfredatındaki tarih dersinin yerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda salnamelerdeki veriler esas alınarak tarih dersinin, ilköğretimden yükseköğretime kadar hangi okullarda ve ders programlarında yer aldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca derslerin içerikleri hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir.