bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The clinical features of posterior scleritis with serous retinal detachment: A retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Dong Zhizhang , Gan Yifeng , Zhang Yinan , Zhang Yu , Li Juan , Zheng Haihua
Published: November 2018

Objective: To summarize the clinical features, systemic associations, risk factors and choroidal thickness(CT) changing in posterior scleritis (PS) with serous retinal detachment.
Methods: This retrospective study included 23 patients with PS with retinal detachment from August 2012 to July 2017. All patients were documented with the Medical history and clinical features were recorded. The examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BACV), intraocular pressure（IOP）, fundus examination, routine eye examinations. Posterior coats thickness (PCT) was determined by B scan Ultrasound, the CT was measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). And clinical data were compiled and analyzed.
Results: After application of extensive exclusion criteria, 23 patients with PS remained (13 females, 10 males). The average age at presentation was 29.5 ± 9.24 years old. Ocular pain and blurred vision were the two most common symptoms complained by patients. Anterior scleritis occurred in 12 patients, which was confirmed by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) examination. Despite all patients displaying serous retinal detachment in their macula, no fluorescein leakage was observed in the macular. Optic disc swelling was documented in 10 of the 23 eyes. From B-scan ultrasound examination, the PCT increased with fluid in Tenon’s capsule demonstrated as a typical T-sign. The average PCT was 2.51 ± 0.85 mm in the PS-affected eye and only 1.09 ± 0.29 mm in the unaffected eye; this difference reached statistical significance. The subfoveal CT increased to an average of 442.61 ± 55.61μm, which correlated with axis length and PCT, but not with IOP. The BCVA and IOP did not correlate with either CT or the PCT.
Conclusions: PS with serous retinal detachment presented with a variety of symptoms, such as pain and visual loss, and physical indicators. Typical T-sign detected by B-scan ultrasound was a useful confirmatory sign for PS diagnosis. Pathological increases in CT might be a potential predictive factor for inflammation.
A Comparison Between Scalp Nerve Block and Local Anesthetic Infiltration on the Inflammatory Response, Hemodynamic Response, and Postoperative Pain in Patients undergoing Craniotomy for Cerebral Aneurysms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Xi , Ma Jing , Chen Lei , Dong Rui , Li Ke , Lu Yayuan , Zhang MD Zongze , Peng MD Mian
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the scalp nerve block (SNB) and local anesthetic infiltration (LA) with ropivacaine 0.75% on postoperative inflammatory response, intraoperative hemodynamic response, and postoperative pain control in patients undergoing craniotomy.
METHODS:
Fifty seven patients admitted for elective craniotomy for surgical clipping of an cerebral aneurysm. They were randomly divided into three groups: Group S (SNB with 15mL of ropivacaine 0.75%), group I (LA with 15mL of ropivacaine 0.75%) and group C (only received routine intravenous analgesia). The pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma during postoperative 72 hrs, the hemodynamic response to the skin incision, as well as postoperative pain intensity were measured.
RESULTS:
The SNB with 0.75% ropivacaine not only decreased IL-6 level in plasma at 6 hrs after craniotomy, but also decreased plasma CRP level and increased plasma IL-10 level at 12 and 24 hrs after surgery, as compared to LA and routine analgesia. There were significant increases in mean arterial pressure at 2, and 5 mins after the incision and during dura opening in group I and C compared with group S. Group S had a lower postoperative pain intensity, longer duration of time before the first dose of oxycodone, less consumption of oxycodone and lower incidence of PONV during 48 hrs postoperatively than group I and C.
CONCLUSION:
Preoperative SNB attenuated inflammatory response to craniotomy for cerebral aneurysms, as well as blunted hemodynamic response to the scalp incision, and controlled postoperative pain better than LA or routine analgesia.
Isolation and Functional Analysis of CmMAX1 from Chrysanthemum
Authors: Dong Lili , Wang Qi , Xiong Feng , Liu Na , Zhang ShuiMing
Published: November 2018

More axillary buds 1 (MAX1), initially identified in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is a key regulatory gene in strigolactone synthesis. CmMAX1, an ortholog of MAX1 was cloned from chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Jinba). It had an open reading frame of 1611 bp and encoded 536 amino acid of P450 protein, with a conserved heme-binding motif of PFG × GPR × C × G, as well as PERF and KExxR motifs. The predicted amino acid sequence of CmMAX1 was most closely related to the MAX1 ortholog identified in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), NnMAX1, with 55.33% amino acid sequence similarity. Expression analysis revealed there was no significant difference of CmMAX1 expression among various tissues. Phosphorus (P) deficiency significantly improved the expression levels of CmMAX1. Strigolactone, auxin, and cytokinin negatively regulated the expression of CmMAX1. Overexpression of CmMAX1 reduced the branch numbers of arabidopsis max1-1. These results suggest that CmMAX1 may be a candidate gene for reducing the shoot branching of chrysanthemum.
Activated Expression of PHT Genes Contributes to Osmotic Stress Resistance under Low Phosphorus Levels in Malus
Authors: Sun Tingting , Pei Tingting , Zhang Zhijun , Li Mingjun , Huang Linlin , Li Cuiying , Shi Xueyan , Zhan Minghui , Cao Xiaoyu , Ma Fengwang , Liu Changhai
Published: November 2018

Osmotic adjustments play a fundamental role in plant responses to water deficit. For apple (Malus domestica) trees growing in the primary production areas of China, drought and low phosphorus (P) levels are the main sources of abiotic stress. Although tolerance to drought and low P are important breeding goals for cultivar improvement, there is little information on natural variation within Malus for these traits or the molecular mechanisms that may mediate tolerance. In this study, it was found that in plants grown under conditions of osmotic and low P stress, electrolyte leakage and photosynthetic parameters were significantly higher, but chlorophyll concentrations were lower compared with nonstressed plants. These physiological indicators revealed that, under low P condition, the order of osmotic stress resistance (high to low) was Malus sieversii (Ms) → Malus prunifolia (Mp) → Malus hupehensis (Mh). Expression of the phosphorus transporter genes PHT1;7, PHT1;12, and PHT2;1 in the roots and PHT1;12 and PHT4;5 in the leaves was positively correlated with plant osmotic resistance. It is proposed that the highly expressed PHT genes might improve P absorption and transport efficiency, resulting in the high osmotic stress resistance under low P level conditions in Malus species.
İŞÇİ ALACAKLARINA İLİŞKİN DAVALARDA NET TUTAR YERİNE BRÜT TUTAR ÜZERİNDEN KARAR VERİLMESİ
Authors: MÜLAYİM Baki Oğuz
Published: November 2018

İşçi
alacaklarına ilişkin davalar, işçi ile işveren arasında gerçekleşmektedir.
Ancak bu davalar sonucunda verilen hüküm, işçi alacağının tahsilinin yanı sıra
bir takım başkaca sonuçları da dolaylı olarak doğurur. Gelir vergisi, damga
vergisi ile sigorta primi, bu kapsamda değerlendirilebilir. Uygulamada işçi
alacaklarına ilişkin davalarda brüt ya da net tutar üzerinden karar
verilmektedir. İş Mahkemeleri Kanunu’nda ya da 6100 sayılı Hukuk Muhakemeleri
Kanunu’nda konu hakkında özel bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Yargıtay, işçi
alacaklarına ilişkin davalarda, brüt tutar üzerinden karar verilmesini
istemektedir. Taraflar, net tutar üzerinden karar verilmesini talep etmediği
takdirde brüt tutar üzerinden karar verilmektedir. Ancak bu durumda, bu
alacakların icraya konulması aşamasında olduğu gibi prim tahsilâtı açısından
birtakım sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Brüt tutar üzerinden verilen mahkeme ilamları
icraya konulduğunda, borçlu tarafın icra hukuk mahkemesine başvurması halinde
ödeme emri iptal edilmektedir. Net tutar üzerinden dava açılması yerine brüt
tutar üzerinden dava açıldığı durumlarda, kanun yollarına başvurmak için
öngörülen başvuru sınırları da değişmektedir. Ayrıca bu durumda, olması gerekenden
daha fazla yargılama gideri alınmaktadır. Brüt tutar üzerinden karar verilmesi,
6100 sayılı Kanun ile birçok açıdan bağdaşmamaktadır. Çalışmamızda konu
ayrıntıları ile incelenmektedir.
Designing of a Novel Indoline Scaffold Based Antibacterial Compound and Pharmacological Evaluation Using Chemoinformatics Approach
Authors: Singh Aarushi , Kumar Neeraj , Sood Damini , Singh Snigdha , Awasthi Amardeep , Tomar Vartika , Chandra Ramesh
Published: November 2018

Antibiotic resistance is not only a global public health threat but also a huge economic burden
to our society that urgently needs to be addressed by improved antibiotics and continuing development
of novel molecules to treat resistant bacterial infections. Nowadays combination therapies offer a competent
approach to counteract antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Better knowledge of mechanisms of antibiotic
resistance has lead to the finding of new alternatives to antibiotic therapy. Hence, in this article,
we report a novel series of indoline derivatives and their computational study as potent antimicrobials.
The present study investigates the indoline based derived library interaction with DNA gyrase B enzyme
to be used as a potential antimicrobial drug. Computational approaches were employed to carry out the
molecular interactions and pharmacological studies. In this study, we have compared indoline with its
derivatives and have found that compound 13 (1m) resulted in the strong binding with the highest score
(-9.02 kcal/mol) in the designed library where indoline showed (-6.43 kcal/mol). Furthermore, molecular
dynamics simulation run also confirmed the strongest interaction of a compound and target protein with
less RMSD and RMSF deviation of the complex. Notably, the compound was also found to possess the
good pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic properties.
Internet Resources for Drug Discovery and Design
Authors: Potemkin Vladimir , Potemkin Andrey , Grishina Maria
Published: November 2018

The review describes online resources used for drug discovery and design. Internet resources
can be classified into two classes. The first class of resources accumulates information about drugs,
drug candidates, compounds, and bioassays. This information is a starting point in drug discovery and
design. It is necessary for a training dataset composition. The data found at this step are needed in the
search for the rules predicting a biological activity or recognizing active compounds among other
molecules. The following databases can be used: ChEMBL, different databases of US National Institutes
of Health, DrugBank, PDBind-CN Database, RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB), BRENDA, etc.
The second class of Internet resources includes web-portals performing online computations for drug
discovery and design. The web-portals perform: 1) modelling of molecular structure such as geometry
optimization and molecular docking; 2) online computations of various descriptors, physical-chemical
and ADMET properties influencing the bioprocesses occurring in a living organism along the road of
the drug therapeutic action; 3) quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative
structure-property relationship (QSPR) studies; 4) prognosis of bioactivities of compounds; 5) design of
new drug candidates. These are, for example, ChemAxon, ACD/ I-lab, Mcule, OCHEM, eADMET,
ChemoSophia, DockingServer, 1-click Docking, MDWeb, DockingServer, ZDOCK, etc. The role of
docking online resources for modeling of “ligand-receptor” complexes, prognosis of bioactivities, and
drug design is discussed. The review highlights the possibilities of Internet resources for a study of a
drug action at the most important stages. A detailed assessment of the advantages of the reviewed Internet
resources is done.
Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia
Authors: Dwyer Gerard E. , Hugdahl Kenneth , Specht Karsten , Grüner Renate
Published: November 2018

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has become a valuable tool for investigating the
biochemical bases of both normal processes in the healthy brain and elucidating the pathophysiology of
neuropsychiatric disorders. As a rapidly advancing field, new developments in pulse sequence design
have seen new possibilities arise in terms of what can be done with in vivo spectroscopy. While the applications
of MRS are numerous, this review has been confined to the use of single voxel spectroscopy
in the assessment of five key metabolites and their roles in schizophrenia: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate
(Glu) and glutamine (Gln), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione (GSH). This article will
briefly cover the roles they play in schizophrenia, review current methods being used in their assessment
and highlight new approaches that may potentially overcome some of the limitations current methods
pose.
Current Understanding of the Potential of Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches in Cancer Chemoresistance: A Focus on Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chanukuppa Venkatesh , Taware Ravindra , Chatterjee Tathagat , Sharma Sanjeevan , More Tushar H. , Taunk Khushman , Kumar Saravanan , Santra Manas K. , Rapole Srikanth
Published: November 2018

Chemoresistance is one of the major hurdles in cancer treatment leading to recurrence of cancer
and affects the overall survival of patients. Cancer chemoresistance can be associated with various
phenomena including modulation of vital cellular pathways. Unrevealing these alterations could provide
a better understanding of chemoresistance and assist in the identification of new targets to overcome it.
Recent advances in the field of proteomics and metabolomics have substantially helped in the
identification of potential targets for chemoresistance in various cancers. This review highlights the potential
of proteomics and metabolomics research to explore the putative targets associated with cancer
chemoresistance with a special focus on Multiple Myeloma (MM). MM is a type of hematological malignancy
which constitutes about 13% of all blood cell cancers. The therapeutic advancements for MM
have increased the median overall survival rate to over 3-fold in the last one and half decade. Although
in recent times, significant improvements in the overall survival rate of MM are achieved, MM remains
an incurable disease with unpredictable refractory mechanisms. In spite of therapeutic advances,
chemoresistance thrives to be a major hurdle in the treatment of multiple myeloma which demands a
better understanding of chemoresistance. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the potential
applications of proteomics and metabolomics research in the understanding of chemoresistance in MM.
Antimalarials: Review of Plasmepsins as Drug Targets and HIV Protease Inhibitors Interactions
Authors: Miller III Whelton A. , Teye Joshua , Achieng Angela O. , Mogire Reagan M. , Akala Hoseah , Ong'echa John M. , Rathi Brijesh , Durvasula Ravi , Kempaiah Prakasha , Kwofie Samuel K.
Published: November 2018

Malaria is a major global health concern with the majority of cases reported in regions of
South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, the Americas, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The
World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 216 million worldwide reported cases of malaria in 2016.
It is an infection of the red blood cells by parasites of the genus Plasmodium with most severe and common
forms caused by Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum or Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax or
Pv). Emerging parasite resistance to available antimalarial drugs poses great challenges to treatment.
Currently, the first line of defense includes artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), increasingly becoming
less effective and challenging to combat new occurrences of drug-resistant parasites. This necessitates
the urgent need for novel antimalarials that target new molecular pathways with a different
mechanism of action from the traditional antimalarials. Several new inhibitors and potential drug targets
of the parasites have been reported over the years. This review focuses on the malarial aspartic proteases
known as plasmepsins (Plms) as novel drug targets and antimalarials targeting Plms. It further discusses
inhibitors of hemoglobin-degrading plasmepsins Plm I, Plm II, Plm IV and Histo-aspartic proteases
(HAP), as well as HIV protease inhibitors of plasmepsins.
Apicoplast Metabolism: Parasite’s Achilles’ Heel
Authors: Kadian Kavita , Gupta Yash , Singh Harsh Vardhan , Kempaiah Prakasha , Rawat Manmeet
Published: November 2018

Malaria continues to impinge heavily on mankind, with five continents still under its clasp.
Widespread and rapid emergence of drug resistance in the Plasmodium parasite to current therapies accentuate
the quest for novel drug targets and antimalarial compounds. Plasmodium parasites, maintain a
non-photosynthetic relict organelle known as Apicoplast. Among the four major pathways of Apicoplast,
biosynthesis of isoprenoids via Methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is the only indispensable
function of Apicoplast that occurs during different stages of the malaria parasite. Moreover, the human
host lacks MEP pathway. MEP pathway is a validated repertoire of novel antimalarial and antibacterial
drug targets. Fosmidomycin, an efficacious antimalarial compound against IspC enzyme of MEP pathway
is already in clinical trials as a combination drugs. Exploitation of other enzymes of MEP pathway
would provide a much-needed impetus to the antimalarial drug discovery programs for the elimination of
malaria. We outline the cardinal features of the MEP pathway enzymes and progress made towards the
characterization of new inhibitors.
A Review of Neuroimaging Studies on Working Memory Paradigms in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Beshkov Asen , Topolov Mariyan , Ahmed-Popova Feryhan , Sivkov Stefan
Published: November 2018

New brain technologies including neuroimaging studies are powerful means for providing
new insights into clinical and cognitive neuroscience. Bipolar disorder is a severe chronic phasic mental
disease characterized by various cognitive dysfunctions. Working memory is one prominent domain of
cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Disruptions in working memory are observed even in
euthymic bipolar patients which makes it a potential endophenotypic marker for the disorder. Finding
such markers may help in providing firm neurobiological basis for psychiatric nosologies and symptomatic
presentations. This review aims to summarize some of the important aspects of findings from
functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on the activation of brain structures in relation to working
memory paradigms.
Molecular Modeling Studies of Halogenated Imidazoles against 14α- Demethylase from Candida Albicans for Treating Fungal Infections
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Kumar Praveen , Singh Randhir
Published: November 2018

Background:

Imidazole is one of the most explored and marketed azole utilized for the treatment of fungal infections. Lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Cytochrome P450DM) is the active target site for azole antifungals.

Aim and Objective:

This study emphasized on evaluation of a series of halogenated imidazole analogues using molecular docking studies for anti-Candidal activity. Furthermore, the model was refined by molecular dynamic simulation.

Methods:

Halogenated imidazole analogues (PS1-PS30) were obtained from literature for the study. The imidazole analogues were prepared using Chem sketch and molecular docking was performed using Molergo Virtual Docker program and ADMET study was carried out by using Accelry’s Accord for Excel programme.

Results:

The docking study indicated that all the imidazole analogues (PS1-PS30) and standard drugs i.e., Ketoconazole, Miconazole and Clotrimazole possessed interaction with protein residue, heme cofactor and water molecule positioned above Heme cofactor of 14α-demethylase. Further, the ADMET study indicated that most of the halogenated imidazoles possessed good absorption, human intestinal absorption, aqueous solubility and blood brain penetration.

Conclusion:

Halogenated imidazole analogues may be used as potential lead molecules as 14α- demethylase inhibitors.
Challenges and Opportunities of Genetically Modified Crops Production; Future Perspectives in Ethiopia, Review
Authors: Gebretsadik Kiros , Kiflu Ashenafi
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Genetically modified (GM) crop species were proven to be a solution for the increasing food consumption in many countries. The cultivation of transgenic plants is increasing from time to time. In 2017 alone, 27 different genetically modified (GM) crop species were produced in 40 countries.

Explanation:

Biotechnology is revolutionizing science, promising to solve hunger, malnutrition and production demands of industrial raw materials from plants. However, there are biosafety concerns that GM crops may have unintended and hazardous impacts on living organisms well-being and environment both on target and non-target organisms. To tackle such potential problems many countries are implementing international as well as national biosafety regulations. America, Brazil, Belgium, China and India are among the top GM crop users in the world, whereas Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and Burkina Faso are leading GM crop producers in Africa. Ethiopia has also developed its own policy and biosafety regulations for biotechnology products.

Conclusion:

The Ethiopian government has given due attention to GM crops as a tool for the transformation of agricultural productivity and quality. Before a couple of years, Bt cotton (cotton containing toxic protein fromBacillus thuringiensis) has been introduced to Ethiopia and is expected to bring fundamental change in the production of fibers for the textile industries and also will have crucial consequence to the forthcoming use of the modern biotechnological Science in the country. The introduction of Bt cotton is a typical example worth mentioning here which shows a relative flexibility of the current Ethiopian biosafety regulation. This paper reviews the possible challenges and opportunities of using GM crops in Ethiopia.
Fluor Sonescense: A Sonification of the Visualization of Brass Instrument Tones
Authors: Jette Christopher , Buchholz James H. J.
Published: November 2018

This paper is a discussion of the composition Fluor Sonescence, which combines trombone, electronics and video. The trombone and electronics are a mediated sonification of the video component. The video is a high framerate capture of the air motions produced by sound emanating from a brass instrument. This video material is translated into sound and serves as the final video component. The paper begins with a description of the data collection process and an overview of the compositional components. This is followed by a detailed description of the composition of the three components of Fluor Sonescence, while a discussion of the technical and aesthetic concerns is interwoven throughout. There is a discussion of the relationship of Fluor Sonescence to earlier works of the composer and the capture method for source material. The paper is an overview of a specific sonification project that is part of a larger trajectory of work. Please see https://vimeo.com/255790972/ to hear and view Fluor Sonescence.
Sonification with Musical Characteristics: A Path Guided by User-Engagement
Authors: Middleton Jonathan , Hakulinen Jaakko , Tiitinen Katariina , Hella Juho , Keskinen Tuuli , Huuskonen Pertti , Linna Juhani , Turunen Markku , Ziat Mounia , Raisamo Roope
Published: November 2018

Sonification with musical characteristics can engage users, and this dynamic carries value as a mediator between data and human perception, analysis, and interpretation. A user engagement study has been designed to measure engagement levels from conditions within primarily melodic, rhythmic, and chordal contexts. This paper reports findings from the melodic portion of the study, and states the challenges of using musical characteristics in sonifications via the perspective of form and function – a long standing debate in Human-Computer Interaction. These results can guide the design of more complex sonifications of multivariable data suitable for real life use.
Planethesizer: Approaching Exoplanet Sonification
Authors: Riber Adrián García
Published: November 2018

The creation of simulations, sounds and images based on information related to an object of investigation is currently a real tool used in multiple areas to bring the non-specialized public closer to scientific achievements and discoveries. Under this context of multimodal representations and simulations developed for educational and informational purposes, this work intends to build a bridge between virtual musical instruments’ development and physical models, using the gravitation laws of the seven planets orbiting around the Trappist-1 star. The following is a case study of an interdisciplinary conversion algorithm design that relates musical software synthesis to exoplanets’ astronomical data measured from the observed flux variations in the light curves of their star-and that tries to suggest a systematic and reproducible method, useful for any other planetary system or model-based virtual instrument design. As a result, the Virtual Interactive Synthesizer prototype Planethesizer is presented, whose default configurations display a multimodal Trappist-1, Kepler-444 and K2-72 planetary systems simulation.
SoundTrAD, A Method and Tool for Prototyping Auditory Displays: Can We Apply It to an Autonomous Driving Scenario?
Authors: MacDonald Doon , Stockman Tony
Published: November 2018

This paper presents SoundTrAD, a method and tool for designing auditory displays for the user interface. SoundTrAD brings together ideas from user interface design and soundtrack composition and supports novice auditory display designers in building an auditory user interface. The paper argues for the need for such a method before going on to describe the fundamental structure of the method and construction of the supporting tools. The second half of the paper applies SoundTrAD to an autonomous driving scenario and demonstrates its use in prototyping ADs for a wide range of scenarios.
ToxSampler: Locative Sound Art Exploration of the Toxic Release Inventory
Authors: Blandino Michael V.
Published: November 2018

Regulatory geographic datasets that inform citizen’s lives are, in general, responsive to engaged search and visual, attentive browsing, but are not designed for directly informing the lived context. The density of sensors and software interfaces present in mobile devices allows for integration of these resources with contextual applications. ToxSampler is an iOS application that modifies the immediate environmental audio scene with associated data from the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The application applies digital signal processing (DSP) to the microphone signal based upon the location of the participant and associated TRI data releases. The system, as a result, affords an informed awareness of the datascape through an immediate augmentation of the sensed setting.
Seeking a Reference Frame for Cartographic Sonification
Authors: Brittell Megen
Published: November 2018

Sonification of geospatial data must situate data values in two (or three) dimensional space. The need to position data values in space distinguishes geospatial data from other multi-dimensional data sets. While cartographers have extensive experience preparing geospatial data for visual display, the use of sonification is less common. Beyond availability of tools or visual bias, an incomplete understanding of the implications of parameter mappings that cross conceptual data categories limits the application of sonification to geospatial data. To catalyze the use of audio in cartography, this paper explores existing examples of parameter mapping sonification through the framework of the geographic data cube. More widespread adoption of auditory displays would diversify map design techniques, enhance accessibility of geospatial data, and may also provide new perspective for application to non-geospatial data sets.
Recognizability and Perceived Urgency of Bicycle Bells
Authors: Frohmann Lisa , Weger Marian , Höldrich Robert
Published: November 2018

Raising awareness about how alarm sounds are perceived and evaluated by an individual in traffic scenery is important for developing new alarm designs, as well as for improving existing ones. Bearing a positive contribution to road safety, cyclists and pedestrians especially can benefit from appropriate alarming bell and horn sounds. Primarily, the alarm signal should evoke a precise idea of what is the source of the warning and the desired reaction to it. Furthermore, it should not be masked by other noises thus going undetected by the ear. Finally, an appropriate warning signal should transmit the urgency of a given situation, while at the same time, it should not cause other road users and pedestrians to startle. In two listening experiments, we examined the perception of commonly available bicycle bells and horns. Average typicality or recognizability as a bicycle bell among other everyday sounds has been investigated through a free identification task. In a second experiment, we tested perceived urgency of the warning sounds in relation to traffic noise. This article further provides a survey on non-verbal alarm design, as well as an analysis of acoustic properties of common bicycle bells and horns. Consequently, a linear regression model presents the relationship between named properties and perceived urgency. It is our intention to give an insight into the often unattended but important issue of the perception of auditory warning sounds in our everyday acoustic environment.
Sonifying Stochastic Walks on Biomolecular Energy Landscapes
Authors: Arbon Robert E. , Jones Alex J. , Bratholm Lars A. , Mitchell Tom , Glowacki David R.
Published: November 2018

Translating the complex, multi-dimensional data produced by simulations of biomolecules into an intelligible form is a major challenge in computational chemistry and biology. The so-called “free energy landscape” is amongst the most fundamental concepts used by scientists to understand both static and dynamic properties of biomolecular systems. In this paper we use Markov models to design a strategy for mapping features of this landscape to sonic parameters, for use in conjunction with visual display techniques such as structural animations and free energy diagrams. This allows for concurrent visual display of the physical configuration of a biomolecule and auditory display of characteristics of the corresponding free energy landscape. The resulting sonification provides information about the relative free energy features of a given configuration including its stability.
Contribución al conocimiento de la reproducción y cuidado parental en Crotalus molossus nigrescens en el estado de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Fernández-Badillo Leonardo , Torres-Angeles Ferdinand
Published: November 2018

La serpiente de cascabel de cola negra (Crotalus molossus nigrescens) tiene una amplia distribución en el territorio mexicano. Sin embargo, la información de campo acerca de su biología reproductiva es escasa, particularmente en el estado de Hidalgo. Aquí se presenta el primer reporte de las características de una camada de Crotalus molossus nigrescens en Hidalgo, y también sobre la conducta de cuidado parental.
Primer registro para Nayarit de Aceria annonae (Keifer, 1973) (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae)
Authors: Flores-Canales Ricardo , Acuña-Soto Jesús Alberto , Hernández-Rincón Ricardo , Isiordia-Aquino Néstor , Robles-Bermúdez Agustín , Santillán-Ortega Candelario , Hernández-Zaragoza Ricardo
Published: November 2018

Se expande la distribución del ácaro de la erinosis Aceria annonae. Esta es la primera que se reporta la presencia de los erineos en el estado de Nayarit, causando protuberancias redondeadas sobre el haz de las hojas. Durante 2016 se colectaron hojas de árboles, obtenidas de cuatro localidades en tres municipios del estado de Nayarit, siendo presentes en todas las muestras revisadas. Se discute su biología, comportamiento poblacional y su presencia en el país.
Distribución de la cotorra argentina (Myiopsitta monachus) en la ciudad de Durango, México
Authors: Rodríguez-Maturino Alberto , Fernández-García Jorge Alberto , Viggers-Carrasco María Guadalupe , Gómez-Espinoza Aurora , Ríos-Gurrola Mónica Gabriela , Arenivas-Villa Deissy Elizabeth , Guerrero-Guerrero Emmanuel Antonio
Published: November 2018

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de la cotorra argentina (Myiopsitta monachus) en áreas urbanas y en la periferia de la ciudad de Durango, México. Se observaron seis sitios de nidada en cinco especies de plantas diferentes; un sitio se localizaba cerca de la vegetación natural.
Dostojanstvo ljudske osobe i pravo na život
Authors: Begić Martina Ana , Golubović Marin
Published: November 2018

Današnje suvremeno društvo stavlja nam rješenja mnogih proturječja društvene slike kakva danas vlada. Potrebno je samo malo dublje zahvatiti ispod površine da bi nam se otvorio širi horizont stvarne društveno-političke slike. Sastavni dio ljudskog društva jest i pravo, odnosno zakoni, prvo kao običajno pravo, a kasnije kodificirano pravo. U povijesti, možemo kroz pravne norme različitih pravnih sustava promatrati slike društva te kakve je poglede na život, na pravo na život, u konačnici na ljudsko dostojanstvo imala određena civilizacija. Kao postulat ovoga rada svrha je prikazati ljudska prava, ljudsko dostojanstvo i pogled na život, a posebno kroz učiteljstvo Katoličke Crkve, osvrćući se kratko i na učenje u Židovstvu u Tori, na rimsko pravo, te dakako na pozitivne pravne propise i pravne običaje uz slijed razvoja govora o dostojanstvu i pravu na život ljudske osobe, počevši od općeg pogleda na govor o ljudskom životu, preko promišljanja prvih kršćanskih vremena, do govora o dostojanstvu i čovjeku stvorenom na sliku Božju. Govoriti o ljudskim pravima i o dostojanstvu ljudske osobe nije nimalo zahvalna tema. Kroz povijest su ljudska prava i dostojanstvo ljudske osobe uvijek bili kamen spoticanja. U slučajevima takvog poremećaja, a mogli bismo čak reći i grubih povreda ljudskog dostojanstva i ljudskih prava, evanđeoski nauk kao objava koju Katolička Crkva baštini jest ključ u obrani i zaštiti onih koji su slabiji.
CYTOTOXICITY OF AROMATIC COMPOUND FROM AN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS, CLADOSPORIUM SP. EN-S01
Authors: Examinati R. R. Indry Noviarin , Wulandari Asri Peni , Putri Huspa Desi Harneti , Andayaningsih Poniah
Published: November 2018

Objective: Endophytes have the potential to synthesize various bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of the study were to isolate the major compound from endophytic Cladosporium sp. EN-S01., identify its function group, then evaluate its cytotoxicity.Methods: The endophytic fungus was grown in potato dextrose broth and extracted using ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites were isolated by chromatographic separation and re-crystallization, and function group was determined by infrared spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by the prestoblue assay.Result: The isolated aromatic compound evaluated by prestoblue assay against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 746,03 ppm.Conclusion: Our findings indicate this aromatic compound might be useful lead compounds to develop cytotoxic drugs.
DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN STUDY IN YOUNG ADULT PATIENTS OF CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
Authors: Nagaratnam C. , Deepika B. , Deepalatha C.
Published: November 2018

Objective: To evaluate prevalence of cutaneous adverse reactions in young adult age group using ADR notification form. To create awareness in hospitals and health sectors, to establish drug safety monitoring units for mother and child care.Methods: Individual case safety reports of 46 patients from various hospitals were analyzed using CDSCO forms. To tabulate data on drugs, doses, systems, ADRs and factors for causation of cutaneous ADRs. Results: Females are more prone compared to males due to pregnancy at young age with increased use of Iron combinations, antibiotics and antiepileptic’s in young adult age groups (20-30yrs) among cutaneous ADRs.Conclusion: We conclude the need for establishment of drug safety units with generic units for maternity sections and use of drugs in pre and post natal period, as pregnancy and adult age are risk factors for cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Every hospital structure needs special caution on drug lots of iron preparations, antibiotics, analgesics, antiepileptic’s to be used in Obstetrics and Gynecology departments.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF MEDICALLY SIGNIFICANT CRUDE EXTRACT USING GC-MS ANALYSIS
Authors: Rajadurai Maruthamuthu , Maithili V. , Arunazhagi R. , Yogesh V.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify the phytochemical constitutions present in Natural crude extract which obtained from Thumlappati district.Methods: Kidney stone is one of the most clinical disorder arising nowadays. They are existing due to the depletion of the urine and disproportionate execration of the components such as oxalate, phosphate, uric, cysteine, and struvite. Many alopathy medicine are not effectively curable in the case of kidney stone, consequently people are in need of traditional medicine system. Thus there is a great demand for research on potential inhibitor from natural products for dissolving kidney stone. In present work deals with an unknown crude extract collected from G. Thumlappati, Battalagundu Dindugal district Tamil Nadu. The crude extract of phytochemical are analyzed by using GCMS method.Results: Thus the sample has some bioactive compound to discharge the stone particles. So we subjected the crude extract sample to GC-MS process which reveals 210 compounds in 21 different peaks.Conclusion: This studies forms a basis for the biological characterization and importance of bioactive compounds were identified.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND CHLORTHALIDONE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Aher S. S. , Saudagar R. B. , Kothari Hemant
Published: November 2018

Objective: A simple, precise, accurate method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of azilsartan and chlorthalidone in bulk and tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC technique.Methods: Acetonitrile and water in the ratio of (70:30) pH 2.8 used as mobile phase run through (Cosmosil C18 (4.6ID x 250 mm, Particle size: 5 micron) column with a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The temperature of the column oven was maintained at 30 °C. Wavelength was selected 244 nm. Stock and working solutions were prepared by using the diluents water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50. Runtime was fixed to 9 min.Results: Chlorthalidone and azilsartan were eluted at 2.02 and 3.92 with good resolution the plate count, tailing factor and all system suitability parameters are within ICH range. Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone were found to be linear low in concentration range of 80-400μg/ ml and 25-125μg/ ml respectively in the linearity study, regression equation and coefficient of correlation for Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone were found to be (y = 28695x+15397 r²=0.995) and (y=13444+27405 r² = 0.996) Percentage recovery for both Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone was found in range of 99.89%-99.96% indicating accuracy of the proposed work. Assay of the tablet was performed and found as 100.15%.Conclusion: All the parameters were within the ICH guidelines, and the method was economical and simple as retention times were less than in literature and decreased run time.
Status Talak bagi Wanita Haidh (Analisis Pendapat Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah)
Authors: Mursyid Djawas Mursyid Djawas , Muhammad Yahya Muhammad Yahya
Published: November 2018

Menurut Hukum Islam, talak sah apabila suami menceraikan istri pada saat istri dalam keadaan suci yang sebelumnya tidak digauli. Jika talak dijatuhkan saat istri dalam keadaan haid, menurut jumhur ulama, talak tetap sah. Namun menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, talak ketika haid tidak jatuh karena tidak sesuai dengan tuntunan syariâ€™at. Terkait permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana pandangan Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah tentang talak yang dijatuhkan kepada istri yang sedang haid dan bagaimana dalil dan metode istinbaá¹­ hukum yang dipakai oleh Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah dalam menetapkan status hukum talak terhadap istri yang haid. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, suami yang menalak istri ketika haid tidak disyariatkan, suami dianggap telah berdosa serta talak yang dijatuhkan tidak sah. Dalil dan metode istinbat hukum yang dipakai Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah adalah merujuk pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam al-Quran, hadiá¹¡ dan qiyaá¹£ yang menunjukkan adanya larangan terhadap talak ketika haid, dan dipandang tidak sah dan tertolak karena bukan bagian dari tuntunan Rasulullah.
Hak Wali MujbÄ«r Membatalkan Pernikahan (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Syariâ€™ah Perak)
Authors: Hanapi Agustin , Azizan Hafizah Hani
Published: November 2018

Izin wali sangat penting dalam menentukan sahnya suatu perkawinan. Adanya wali adalah syarat sahnya perkawinan, sebagaimana adanya saksi. Nikah tidak sah tanpa wali laki-laki yang mukallÄf, merdeka, muslim, adil, dan berakal sempurna. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pertimbangan Hakim dalam memberikan putusan Hak wali mujbÄ«r di Mahkamah Syariâ€™ah Perak Islam dan bagaimana pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap pernikahan tanpa wali mujbÄ«r. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan telaah kepustakaan (library research) dan penelitian lapangan (field research). Pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan putusan di Mahkamah Syariâ€™ah Perak adalah berdasarkan seksyen 13 EKIP 2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim boleh membatalkan pernikahan yang tidak mengikuti Undang-Undang Malaysia yang telah ditetapkan oleh Mahkamah Syariâ€™ah. Selain itu, Hakim juga melihat dari sekufu atau tidak antara pasangan mempelai tersebut. Adapun pernikahan yang tidak sesuai dengan Undang-undang Negara dan Hukum Islam, Hakim boleh membatalkan pernikahan pasangann tersebut.
Poligami Menurut Perspektif Fiqh (Studi kasus di Kecamatan Pidie, Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh)
Authors: Usmam Bustamam
Published: November 2018

Poligami pada dasarnya dibolehkan dalam Islam, yang namun punya aturan-aturan yang wajib ditaâ€™ti, yaitu: seorang suami boleh mengawini dengan wanita-wanita yang ia sukai, tetapi jangan sampai keluar dari empat orang istri, disamping itu wajib bersikap keadilan kepada mereka, baik nafkah lahir (makanan pokok, pakaian dalam sehari-sehari) maupun nafkah batin,Efek negatif yang timbul dari keluarga poligami yang terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Aceh, Khususnya di Kemukiman Utue Buloh, Kecamatan PidieKabupaten Pidie, Provinsi Aceh antara lain: Dari pihak istri, tidak mendapatkan keadilan dari sang suaminya, dan secara terpaksa ia mencari uang sendiri untuk membiayai diri dan anaknya yang ditinggalkan suaminya.Dari pihak suami, dalam kehidupan sehari-hari selalu diselimuti oleh kegelisahan, ekonominya takkan pernah cukup-cukup, dan persoaalan yang berhubungan dengan kegitan yang ada dalam lingkungan masyarakat kurang sempat ia peduli.Dari pihak siana, kurang mendapatkan bimbingan dari orang tua, jarang pulang kerumah, dan sifat seorang anak kurang menghormati terhadap orang tuanya.Ada beberapa cara yang perlu kita tempuh agar dapat terhindar dari poligami, antara lain: Sebelum menikahi seseorang wanita yang kita cintai, lebih baik kita adakan sebuah penelitian, bagaimana karakter seseorang yang mau kita nikahi tersebut, baik dari segi agama, keturunan, kecantikan dan kekayaan, kita sebagagai kepala rumah tangga, harus memaklumi tentang kekurangan yang kita miliki, harus memahami apa tujuan dari sebuah pernikahan tersebut, dan bagi setiap orang sangat-sangat diperlukan kepada ilmu pengetahuan agama, agar dapat terhidar dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang melenceng dengan norma agama.Bila kita membaca sejarah mengenai poligami pada dasarnya dilakukan oleh orang-orang tertentu, dalam artian oleh para raja-raja, dan orang-orang yang ekonominya yang cukup memadai (orang kaya). Mereka yang menganggap dirinya lebih berkuasa ketimbang masyarakat celata (biasa), sehingga mereka dengan sangat berani mengambil beberapa wanita, ada yang dikawini dan ada pula yang hanya dipergunakan untuk melampiaskan hawa nafsunya akibat perang, dan banyak anak gadis yang diperjualbelikan, diambil sebagai pelayan mereka, Makin kaya seseorang makin tinggi kedudukanya, makin banyak mengumpulkan wanita. Dengan demikian poligami itu adalah sisa-sisa pada waktu peninggalan zaman perbudakan yang mana hal ini sudah ada dan jauh sebelum masehi
Legalitas Poligami dalam Enakmen Hukum Keluarga Islam Tahun 2004 Negeri Perak ( Studi Kasus atas Ketidakpatuhan Masyarakat Taiping)
Authors: Edi Darmawijaya Edi Darmawijaya , Abdullah Sani Mohd Najib
Published: November 2018

Poligami di Malaysia harus mendapatkan izin terlebih dahulu dari Mahkamah,karena dalam Seksyen 23 Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam Negeri Perak telah diatur secara tegas. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan tidak timbulnya masalah terhadap istri dan anak dikemudian hari. Namun, untuk menghindari prosedural yang terdapat dalam Enakmen, banyak masyarakat lebih memilih untuk tidak patuh pada ketentuan tersebut.Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa faktor ketidakpatuhan masyarakat terhadap prosedur pendaftaran poligami, bagaimana prosedur pendaftaran poligami di Mahkamah Syariah Perak serta tinjauan Hukum Islam. Untuk mendapatkan jawaban tersebut peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif-analitis yaitu observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dengan pihak tertentu.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di antara faktor ketidakpatuhan masyarakat tersebut adalah karena tidak mendapat kebenaran dari istri, tanggapan bahwa Enakmen bertentangan dengan Hukum Islam, prosedur pendaftaran poligami yang ketat dan permohonan poligami ditolak.Adapun prosedur pendaftaran poligami di Mahkamah Syariah Perak adalah membuat permohonan kepada Mahkamah Syariah kebolehan untuk berpoligami. Setelah menerima permohonan dari pemohon, Mahkamah Syariah akanmelakukan isbat dalam jangka waktu 21 hari dari tanggal pendaftaran. Di dalam kasus dimana istri tidak setuju suaminya berpoligami, pendaftaran Mahkamah saat sebutan kasus akan mengarahkan istri yang ada untuk menfailkan Laporan Pembelaan untuk membantah permohonan pemohon dan setelah Laporan Pembelaan lengkap, Pendaftar akan mengatur tanggal di depan Hakim Mahkamah Syariah untuk kasus dibicarakan. Jika Mahkamah menemukan alasan-alasan istri yang sedia ada itu relevan, Mahkamah akan memutuskan tidak mengizinkan pemohon untuk berpoligami. Namun jika menemukan alasan-alasan istri yang sedia ada tidak relevan dan Mahkamah menemukan pemohon mampu untuk berpoligami, maka Mahkamah akan melanjutkan kasus tersebut. Prosedur pendaftaran poligami yang ditetapkan dalam Enakmen juga tidak bertentangan dengan Hukum Islam.Solusi yang dapat dijadikan alternatif adalah seharusnya laki-laki yang ingin berpoligami haruslah mengikuti prosedur Mahkamah.