bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Containing and Unleashing the Shock of the Modern in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,” “A Natural History of the Dead,” and “A Way You’ll Never Be”
Authors: La Rocque Lance , Narbeshuber Lisa
Published: June 2020

This article isolates three qualities of subjectivity occurring in three stories by Ernest Hemingway, from the existential self of “A Clean Well-Lighted Place,” to the historical consciousness of “A Natural History of the Dead,” to the radical subject of becoming of “A Way You’ll Never Be.” It tracks a spectrum of possible responses to the shock of the modern and argues that “A Way You’ll Never Be,” imagining a subjectivity akin to post-humanism, offers a unique vision of the self as something with no essential anchoring points.
Revisiting the Issue of Gothic Language Teaching Methodology as a Part of Classical Languages and Cultures Course
Authors: Peteshova Olga Viktorovna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the description of possibilities of applying main approaches implemented in Classical languages teaching at universities in the practice of the Gothic language teaching. The purpose of the article is to consider the methodology of the Gothic language teaching as a part of Classical languages and cultures course. Methods of research. In the course of work the following research methods were applied: analysis and observation.
Research results. Various exercises used by the author in her own practice are presented in the article. The author emphasizes that it is necessary to diversify the forms of work for the emergence of cognitive interest and motivation to learn the language in students. When implementing the approach described in the article, by the end of the Classical languages and cultures course, students acquire the ability to analyze authentic texts in the Gothic language, develop memory, logical thinking, the ability to read the text thoughtfully, work with a dictionary, etc. It is concluded that it is necessary to supplement the grammatical approach to the presentation of the material with elements of typological and cultural approaches, as well as it is meaningful to introduce such exercises for the development of students' linguistic and metalinguistic competencies, which are based on adapted Gothic texts.
Metacognitive Competence as a Factor of Self-Regulation of Students' Educational Activity
Authors: Bodenova Olga Viktorovna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of metacognitive competence formation and self-regulation. The aim of the work is to identify the features of self-regulation of educational activity in metacognitively competent students. The concepts of “metacognitive competence”, “metacognitive knowledge”, “metacognitive regulation”, and “self-regulation” are clarified in the article. Methods of research. The study was conducted at the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of FSBEI of HE “Petrozavodsk State University” with freshmen and second year students, studying in the program 44.03.02 “Psychological and pedagogical education”. Methods of studying metacognitive competence and self-regulation were used to test the hypothesis; the data obtained were processed according to the F-test. Analysis of the results of the research showed that metacognitive competent students have a high level of development of the self-regulation system and regulatory properties of personality. The author outlines that among the stylistic features of self-regulation of metacognitive competent students are high level of independence and flexibility, the predominance of orientation to achieve success, activity in setting goals, etc. It is concluded that the results obtained can be used to determine the directions for further study of the relationship between metaprocesses and self-regulation, and the development of programs for the development of self-regulation of students' educational activities.
Age-Related Features of the Relationship Between Sociometric Status and Mental States of Children
Authors: Krasnova Svetlana Gurevna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the relationship between mental states and the sociometric status of children in a group at preschool educational institutions. In is noted that determining the relationship between mental states and status characteristics is important in understanding the mechanisms of children's development in ontogenesis and is associated with the need to ensure emotional well-being and successful socialization of a child.
The psychodiagnostic methods, adequate research goals, methods of statistical processing of experimental data (criterion r – Pearson correlation coefficient, multifunctional difference criterion φ – Fisher’s angular transformation) were applied during investigational study.
The results of correlation analysis are presented in the article. The analysis of correlations allowed to identify pervasive and specific, peculiar only to a certain age stage of development, negative and positive mental states of children, depending on their status characteristics. The data obtained in the course of the study significantly enrich the existing ideas about the characteristics of preschoolers with different sociometric status. It is concluded that the presence of statistically significant differences in the frequency of manifestations of mental states allowed to determine the specifics of socio-psychological features of the states of children of different status groups. The need to take into account these ideas is associated with the fact that mental formations formed at this age are stable and persist for many years, determining the further development of the child. Negative states, creating a vicious circle, can have a negative impact on the formation of the child's relationship system in a group of peers.
Neuroscience as a Method of Students' Psychoemotional State Otimization
Authors: Viskun Ekaterina Sergeevna , Sorokoumova Galina Veniaminovna
Published: June 2020

The importance of balanced psychoemotional states is defined; neurobiology as a method of psychocorrection of the emotional state and synchronization of the right and left hemispheres as well as activation of thought processes is described in the article. The authors propose the following hypothesis: regular use of exercises of neurobilology can contribute to the optimization of the psychoemotional state and successfully affect students’ psychological health. To prove the hypothesis, the authors conducted a survey to study and test the exercises of neurobiology for the optimization of students' psychoemotional state.
Method of research. Psychodiagnostic method, comprising the following techniques: differentiated self-assessment of functional status, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and questionnaire for differentiated assessment of health by Leonov A.B., Velichkovskay S.B.) was used as the basis for the research. The results of the study were subjected to qualitative analysis and mathematical and statistical processing applying the student's t-test. At the formative stage of the study, a formative method – a set of exercises of neurobiology was used by the authors.
The results of the study proved the effectiveness of using exercises of neurobiology to optimize the students’ psychoemotional state: after making the exercises, indicators of well-being, activity, mood, and performance significantly improve, and all indicators of anxiety decrease.
Componentional Analysis of Verbs With a General Meaning “Manner of Movement” in English and Russian Languages
Authors: Hramova Anastasiya Viktorovna , Amirova Oksana Georgievna
Published: June 2020

The article deals with problems of differentiating verb units with partially same meaning and the lexical meaning in modern dictionaries. The purpose of the research is to identify the integral and differential features of verbs with the common meaning “manner of movement” in English. Methods of research. In the process of the research the following research methods were used: descriptive method, method of opposition component analysis, associative experiment method, receptive experiment method, experimental method, contextual analysis. The object of the study are verbs: to dash, to parade, to race, to roam, to march, to shamble, to plod, to lumber, to shuffle, to stride, to stroll, to strut, to trudge, to wander. The authors of the article emphasize that the choice of these verb units is due to the fact that they are the most frequent lexemes representing the lexico-semantic group of verbs with the common meaning “manner of movement”. Research results. As a result of the lexicographic analysis it is turned out that the dictionary entries do not completely reveal the situation, and experimental analysis revealed additional components that depend on context.
Pathology and Diagnosis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Elhassadi Ezzat , Elhassadi Ezzat
Published: June 2020

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a rare type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), characterised by an
aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis that remains incurable for the majority of patients. Cyclin
D1 overexpression, which results from t(11; 14)(q13; q32), is the pathogenic hallmark in MCL disease and
causing cell cycle disruption. MCL has been categorized based on lymphoid malignancies in the WHO
update into two significant subgroups, nodal and leukemic non-nodal MCL; each type has a particular
clinical presentation and distinct molecular features. SOX11 is overexpressed in nodal MCL subtype, while
the leukemic non-nodal sub-type is associated with SOX11 negativity. MCL has a wide range of differential
diagnoses, including other types of low-grade lymphoma, most notably chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
(CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).
Therefore, accurate histological biopsy diagnosis is paramount in this rare subtype of NHL. MCL has a
distinctive clinical presentation and particular morphological and immunophenotypic features with specific
cytogenetic abnormalities. The recent advances in molecular and cytogenetic analysis have improved the
accuracy of MCL diagnosis and enhanced disease prognosis. Furthermore, B cell receptor inhibitors have
revolutionized MCL treatment. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of MCL is very important since this may
require an aggressive and novel targeted therapy.
Development of Non-Invasive Biosensor Devices for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine
Authors: Jung Sungyong , Park Hyusim , Kim Jayoung , Jung Sungyong
Published: June 2020

Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in the United States. It is the second most
common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for 7% of all new cancer cases. It is also the fifth deadliest
cancer, accounting for 4% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Our efforts to reduce costs of
BC diagnosis and improve patients’ quality of life by avoiding unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests resulted
in findings of promising urinary biomarkers for the detection of BC. This short review article aims to provide
the current status of non-invasive biosensor device development for detection of BC, in particular, in
patients’ urine samples.
Post-COVID Strategies Based on Clinical Dentistry in South Korea
Authors: Ahn John Hyunbaek , Ahn John Hyunbaek , Power Susan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The United Kingdom is in the process of gradually lifting the lockdown, and a lot of
uncertainties and concerns exist in the field of dentistry in terms of clinical management of patients due to
the high risk of work-related transmission. Learning from the strategies of clinical dental practice in other
countries may help in the development of national recommendations.
Aims: South Korea managed to contain COVID-19 without full-scale lockdown. This article aims to
provide a comprehensive overview of clinical practice of dentistry and orthodontics in South Korea and
compare it with information from other countries throughout the world.
Design: An anonymous 21-item questionnaire covering post-COVID strategies was sent to the orthodontic
departments of eleven University Dental Hospitals in South Korea for completion.
Results: Three of the eleven hospitals completed the survey. All hospitals provided information on their
post-COVID strategies in terms of staff and patient considerations, clinical working environment, clinical
arrangements, dental procedures, personal protective equipment and disinfection.
Conclusion: The current evidence on COVID-19 is limited and the risk of its transmission through aerosol
generating procedures is still unclear. In the meantime, robust post-COVID strategies must be in place in
order to minimize the risk of spread.
Transverse Colonic Volvulus: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Disease
Authors: Cull John , Cull John , Schammel Joshua , M Palmer , C Schammel
Published: June 2020

Obstructions of the large and small bowel are frequently caused by cancer, inflammation, post-surgical
adhesions, hernias, and, more rarely, volvulus, representing <10% of all reported cases. Of these, volvulus
of the transverse colon (TCV) is found in <5% of all instances of colonic volvulus with delayed diagnosis
and treatment resulting in infarction, peritonitis, and death. Given the morbidity and the fact that TCV most
often develops acutely, diagnosis of this condition is considered to be a surgical emergency. Common
surgical procedures to correct this often involve urgent exploratory laparotomy, followed by either colopexy
or colectomy with subsequent creation of colostomy or anastomoses. This is a review of all of the treatment
and complications of transverse colonic volvulus published in the last 75 years.
Combating Fraud and the Challenge of Political Willingness: Evidence from Nigerian Public Sector
Authors: Shehu Umar Sa’id  , Khairul Saidah Abas Azmi  , Abdullahi Bala Alhaji  , Ali Usman  , Idrith Ahmed Yusif
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore the lack of political willingness in Nigeria as a challenge to combating fraud among public employees. This study is a qualitative approach. The sources of data collection involve government reports, newspapers and interviews. In all, 12 participants were employed for the study. The study found that a lack of political willingness in Nigeria shows a persistent challenge to combat fraud. Our findings suggest that (1) political intervention, (2) party system or political party and (3) lack of commitment from the government make fraudulent practices in Nigerian public sector (NPS) perennial. Thus, it has hindered the effort to combat fraud in NPS. This study has practical implications for regulators (like CBN), and anti-corruption bodies such as EFCC, ICPC, AMCON, and CCB. The study could perhaps redirect their efforts and eases the way of mitigating fraudulent practices in Nigeria's public sector. The study also has an academic contribution to the body of knowledge and inFraudsight to the literature. This paper is original and unique in its form and has the value on fraud prevention, detection of corruption, combating the contemporary fraud cases in the Nigerian public sector, and useful to those who might cherish its standing.
Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Audit Quality Based on China Audit Market
Authors: Meng Chao  , Dewi Fariha Abdullah  , Norhalimah Idris
Published: June 2020

Audit quality is often considered as the probability that auditors can detect and report misstatements of clients’ financial reporting, and enhance the credibility of stakeholders on disclosed information. Hence, the importance of intellectual capital can be tracked to the audit quality of accounting firms with knowledge-intensive feature. This paper discusses a more comprehensive perspective of intellectual capital in auditing area, with the opinion that all of the four components will have critical impact on audit quality. Not only human capital and spiritual capital including such as knowledge, skills, expertise, ethics, moral and values etc., but also the rules, systems, norms within the firm and the relationship characteristics of the firm with its clients are all closely related to audit quality. This paper introduces a more complete conceptual framework of intellectual capital on the basis of exploring the factors mentioned in previous studies and discusses the influencing factors of intellectual capital on audit quality, and finally puts forward some suggestions on the structure of intellectual capital, the internal management of accounting firms and industry supervision based on China's audit market.
Potensi Ekologis dan Ekonomis Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata) di Desa Sebong Pereh Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Fitri Nurul , Ulfah Fitria , Apriadi Tri
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekologis dan ekonomis kerang bulu (Anadara antiquata) dan potensi ekonomis pemanfaatan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di Desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2018. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel kerang bulu adalah Random sampling sebanyak 30 titik diperairan Desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Teknik wawancara yang digunakan adalah Snowball sampling (bola salju), dimana responden yang dibutuhkan untuk peneliti pemula adalah minimal 30 orang. Pemanfaatan ekonomis  Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) menggunakan rumus CPUE dan menghitung nilai manfaat langsung Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kelimpahan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh berkisar 5700 ind/ha dan kelimpahan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh Bintan tergolong sedang. Kondisi perairan di desa Sebong Pereh masih memenuhi baku mutu sehingga mendukung kehidupan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata). Total rata-rata hasil tangkapan berkisar 509,75 kg/minggu dengan rata-rata 51 trip/minggu. Pendapatan rata-rata nelayan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) berkisar Rp. 339.833,-/bulan atau jika diakumulasikan berkisar Rp. 4.078.000,-/tahun. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan terkait dengan analisis pertumbuhan Kerang bulu dengan data panjang berat, kajian stok kerang bulu (A. antiquata), dan pemanfaatan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) pada saat musim teduh.
Seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a large series of selective amygdalohippocampectomies with a minimally invasive subtemporal approach
Authors: Whiting Alexander C. , Chen Tsinsue , Swanson Kyle I. , Walker Corey T. , Godzik Jakub , Catapano Joshua S. , Smith Kris A.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

Debate continues over proper surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Few large comprehensive studies exist that have examined outcomes for the subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sSAH) approach. This study describes a minimally invasive technique for sSAH and examines seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a large series of patients who underwent sSAH for MTLE.

METHODS

Data for 152 patients (94 women, 61.8%; 58 men, 38.2%) who underwent sSAH performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The sSAH technique involves a small, minimally invasive opening and preserves the anterolateral temporal lobe and the temporal stem.

RESULTS

All patients in the study had at least 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD] 4.52 [2.57] years), of whom 57.9% (88/152) had Engel class I seizure outcomes. Of the patients with at least 2 years of follow-up (mean [SD] 5.2 [2.36] years), 56.5% (70/124) had Engel class I seizure outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological test results indicated no significant change in intelligence, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, attention and processing, cognitive flexibility, visuospatial memory, or mood. There was a significant change in word retrieval regardless of the side of surgery and a significant change in verbal memory in patients who underwent dominant-side resection (p < 0.05). Complication rates were low, with a 1.3% (2/152) permanent morbidity rate and 0.0% mortality rate.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reports a large series of patients who have undergone sSAH, with a comprehensive presentation of a minimally invasive technique. The sSAH approach described in this study appears to be a safe, effective, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of MTLE.
Isolated severe blunt traumatic brain injury: effect of obesity on outcomes
Authors: Cone Jennifer T. , Benjamin Elizabeth R. , Alfson Daniel B. , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

Obesity has been widely reported to confer significant morbidity and mortality in both medical and surgical patients. However, contemporary data indicate that obesity may confer protection after both critical illness and certain types of major surgery. The authors hypothesized that this “obesity paradox” may apply to patients with isolated severe blunt traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

METHODS

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was queried for patients with isolated severe blunt TBI (head Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score 3–5, all other body areas AIS < 3). Patient data were divided based on WHO classification levels for BMI: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity class 1 (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), obesity class 2 (35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and obesity class 3 (≥ 40.0 kg/m2). The role of BMI in patient outcomes was assessed using regression models.

RESULTS

In total, 103,280 patients were identified with isolated severe blunt TBI. Data were excluded for patients aged < 20 or > 89 years or with BMI < 10 or > 55 kg/m2 and for patients who were transferred from another treatment center or who showed no signs of life upon presentation, leaving data from 38,446 patients for analysis. Obesity was not found to confer a survival advantage on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, underweight patients as well as obesity class 1 and 3 patients had a higher rate of mortality (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48–2.34; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.37; and OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.93, respectively). Increased obesity class was associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications (obesity class 1: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.37; obesity class 2: OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62; obesity class 3: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.05) and thromboembolic complications (overweight: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16–1.76; obesity class 1: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.88; obesity class 2: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29) despite a decreased risk of overall complications (obesity class 2: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92; obesity class 3: OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97). Underweight patients had a significantly increased risk of overall complications (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.24–1.57).

CONCLUSIONS

Although there was an obesity-associated decrease in overall complications, the study data did not demonstrate a paradoxical protective effect of obesity on mortality after isolated severe blunt TBI. Obese patients with isolated severe blunt TBI are at increased risk of respiratory and venous thromboembolic complications. However, underweight patients appear to be at highest risk after severe blunt TBI, with significantly increased risks of morbidity and mortality.
Difference in imaging biomarkers between transient and permanent neurological deficits after endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms
Authors: Li Yiping , Kim Jason , Simpson Dustin , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Niemann David , Esene Ignatius N. , Ahmed Azam
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

The literature suggests that blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) plays a significant role in the development of neurological events in patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that is negative for lesions. In this prospective, single-center cohort study, the authors compared the imaging characteristics of patients suffering transient neurological events (TNEs) with those in patients suffering permanent neurological events (PNEs) after having undergone elective embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2016 and June 2019. Inclusion criteria were adults undergoing elective neuroendovascular procedures and the absence of contraindications to MRI. All subjects underwent brain MRI including postcontrast FLAIR (pcFLAIR) sequences for evaluation of BBBD within 24 hours postprocedure.

RESULTS

In total, 128 patients harboring 133 unruptured aneurysms were enrolled, 109 of whom (85.2%) showed some degree of BBBD on pcFLAIR MRI and 50 of whom (39.1%) suffered an ischemic insult per DWI. In total, 23 patients (18%) suffered neurological complications, 16 of which (12.5%) were TNEs and 7 of which (5.5%) were PNEs. The median extent of BBBD was focal in asymptomatic patients as compared to hemispheric and lobar in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification predicted the extent of BBBD (p = 0.046).

Lesions on DWI were noted in 34 asymptomatic patients (32.4%) compared to 9 patients (56.3%) with TNEs and all 7 patients (100%) with PNEs (p < 0.001). The median number of DWI lesions was 0 (range 0–18 lesions) in the asymptomatic group compared to 1.5 (range 0–8 lesions) and 8 (range 1–13 lesions) in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Smoking (p = 0.008), older age (p = 0.002), and longer surgery (p = 0.006) were positively associated with the number of lesions on DWI.

On multivariate analysis, intraarterial verapamil (p = 0.02, OR 8.01, 95% CI 1.35–47.43) and extent of BBBD (p < 0.001, OR 58.58, 95% CI 9.48–361.84) were positively associated with the development of TNEs, while intravenous infusion of midazolam during surgery (p = 0.02, OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.29–28.20) was negatively associated. An increased number of lesions on DWI was the only significant predictor for the development of PNEs (p < 0.001, OR 49.85, 95% CI 5.56–447.10).

CONCLUSIONS

An increasing extent of BBBD was associated with the development of TNEs, whereas an increasing number of lesions on DWI was significantly associated with the development of PNEs. BBBD imaging using pcFLAIR may serve as a valuable biomarker for detecting subtle cerebral ischemia and stratifying the risk for ischemic events.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery as a primary treatment for central neurocytoma
Authors: Jeon Chiman , Cho Kyung Rae , Choi Jung Won , Kong Doo-Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

This study was performed to evaluate the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) as a primary treatment for central neurocytomas (CNs).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively assessed the treatment outcomes of patients who had undergone primary treatment with GKRS for CNs in the period between December 2001 and December 2018. The diagnosis of CN was based on findings on neuroimaging studies. The electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for additional relevant preoperative data, and clinical follow-up data had been obtained during office evaluations of the treated patients. All radiographic data were reviewed by a dedicated neuroradiologist.

RESULTS

Fourteen patients were treated with GKRS as a primary treatment for CNs in the study period. Seven patients (50.0%) were asymptomatic at initial presentation, and 7 (50.0%) presented with headache. Ten patients (71.4%) were treated with GKRS after the diagnosis of CN based on characteristic MRI findings. Four patients (28.6%) initially underwent either stereotactic or endoscopic biopsy before GKRS. The median tumor volume was 3.9 cm3 (range 0.46–18.1 cm3). The median prescription dose delivered to the tumor margin was 15 Gy (range 5.5–18 Gy). The median maximum dose was 30 Gy (range 11–36 Gy). Two patients were treated with fractionated GKRS, one with a prescription dose of 21 Gy in 3 fractions and another with a dose of 22 Gy in 4 fractions. Control of tumor growth was achieved in all 14 patients. The median volume reduction was 26.4% (range 0%–78.3%). Transient adverse radiation effects were observed in 2 patients but resolved with improvement in symptoms. No recurrences were revealed during the follow-up period, which was a median of 25 months (range 12–89 months).

CONCLUSIONS

Primary GKRS for CNs resulted in excellent tumor control rates without recurrences. These results suggest that GKRS may be a viable treatment option for patients with small- to medium-sized or incidental CNs.
Wartości patriotyczne w doświadczeniu polskich migrantów w Wielkiej Brytanii
Authors: Adamczyk Tomasz
Published: June 2020

Celem artykułu było ukazanie wartości patriotycznych w doświadczeniu polskich migrantów w Wielkiej Brytanii. Analizie został poddany materiał empiryczny zebrany metodą badań jakościowych przy pomocy techniki wywiadu pogłębionego. Materiał analizowany był z uwzględnieniem trzech zagadnień: poczucia dumy z bycia Polakiem, stosunku do ojczyzny oraz sposób podtrzymywania i rozwijania polskości. Socjologiczna analiza wskazała, że w społeczeństwach wielokulturowych zmiany w podejściu do wartości patriotycznych przebiegają w różnych kierunkach. U części migrantów wartości te zanikają, podczas gdy u innych są kultywowane, odkrywane i nawet rozwijane.
Janusz Mariański, Godność ludzka – wartość ocalona? Studium socjopedagogiczne, Instytut Wydawniczy, Płock 2017, ss. 202
Authors: Konieczny Mariusz Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

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LA GINESTRA DI GIACOMO LEOPARDI A CETTIGNE VLADAN DESNICA MEDIATORE DI CULTURA ITALIANA IN MONTENEGRO
Authors: Roić Sanja
Published: June 2020

Nonostante le difficili condizioni materiali in cui si è trovato nel 1954, lo scrittore Vladan Desnica non aveva rinunciato alla propria dignità intellettuale. Alla rinomata rivista culturale Stvaranje di Cettigne lo scrittore ha inviato da Zagabria la propria traduzione de “La Ginestra o il fiore del deserto”, canto tra i più complessi della raccolta poetica di Giacomo Leopardi. Nel momento storico della crisi dei rapporti italo-jugoslavi la rivista
Stvaranje ha realizzato un’importante mediazione culturale pubblicando la traduzione del classico italiano, confermando allo stesso tempo lo scrittore Vladan Desnica come eccellente conoscitore della cultura italiana e intellettuale critico.
ARGOMENTI MONTENEGRINI DI UN UFFICIALE ITALIANO ALLA FINE DEL XIX SECOLO
CRNOGORSKE TEME JEDNOG ITALIJANSKOG OFICIRA S KRAJA XIX VIJEKA
Authors: Popović Olivera
Published: June 2020

Il presente contributo si propone di esaminare le opere di tematica montenegrina del conte Eugenio Barbarich, ufficiale italiano che visitò il Montenegro nel dicembre del 1896, successivamente al matrimonio del principe ereditario italiano Vittorio Emanuele con la principessa montenegrina Jelena Petrović Njegoš. Oltre a illustrare il contesto della sua visita e ad analizzare le attività e impressioni dell’autore relative a questo viaggio, il nostro intervento prende in esame anche gli articoli di carattere storico e militare che Barbarich scrisse sul Montenegro, nonché la sua attività di traduttore, grazie alla quale il pubblico italiano ebbe l’occasione di conoscere l’opera letteraria del principe montenegrino Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš.
Blockchain: Capabilities, Economic Viability, and the Socio-Technical Environment
Authors: Braun-Dubler Nils , Gier Hans-Peter , Bulatnikova Tetiana , Langhart Manuel , Merki Manuela , Roth Florian , Burret Antoine , Perdrisat Simon
Published: June 2020

Blockchain is widely considered a new key technology. The Foundation for Technology Assessment (TA-SWISS) has proposed a comprehensive assessment of blockchain technologies. With this publication, TA-SWISS provides the much-needed social contextualisation of blockchain.
The first, more technical part of the study takes an in-depth look at how blockchain functions and examines the economic potential of this technology. By analysing multiple real-world applications, the study sheds light on where the blockchain has advantages over traditional applications and where existing technologies continue to be the better solution.
The second part of the study examines how blockchain became mainstream. It explores the origins of blockchain in the early history of information technology and computer networks. The study also reveals the impact blockchain has on industrial and public spaces. Finally, it discusses the social implications and challenges of blockchain against the background of a new socio-technical environment.
Current Management of Localized Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Consensus Guideline from the Genitourinary Medical Oncologists of Canada
Authors: Jiang Di Maria , North Scott A. , Canil Christina , Kolinsky Michael , Wood Lori A. , Gray Samantha , Eigl Bernhard J. , Basappa Naveen S. , Blais Normand , Winquist Eric , Mukherjee Som D. , Booth Christopher M. , Alimohamed Nimira S. , Czaykowski Piotr , Kulkarni Girish S. , Black Peter C. , Chung Peter W. , Kassouf Wassim , van der Kwast Theodorus , Sridhar Srikala S.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

Despite recent advances in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), treatment outcomes remain suboptimal, and variability exists across current practice patterns.

OBJECTIVE:

To promote standardization of care for MIBC in Canada by developing a consensus guidelines using a multidisciplinary, evidence-based, patient-centered approach who specialize in bladder cancer.

METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed; and most recent guidelines from national and international organizations were reviewed. Recommendations were made based on best available evidence, and strength of recommendations were graded based on quality of the evidence.

RESULTS:

Overall, 17 recommendations were made covering a broad range of topics including pathology review, staging investigations, systemic therapy, local definitive therapy and surveillance. Of these, 10 (59% ) were level 1 or 2, 7 (41% ) were level 3 or 4 recommendations. There were 2 recommendations which did not reach full consensus, and were based on majority opinion. This guideline also provides guidance for the management of cisplatin-ineligible patients, variant histologies, and bladder-sparing trimodality therapy. Potential biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, and future directions are highlighted.

CONCLUSIONS:

This guideline embodies the collaborative expertise from all disciplines involved, and provides guidance to further optimize and standardize the management of MIBC.
miR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells as a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, treatment response and MRD surveillance of acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Bai Yuanyuan , Chen Cheng , Guo Xiaoling , Ding Ting , Yang Xinyun , Yu Jian , Yang Junjun , Ruan Jichen , Zheng Xiaoqun , Chen Zhanguo
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has been implicated in leukaemia. In recent years, miRNAs have been under investigation for their potential as non-invasive biomarkers in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). We investigated whether miR-638 in circulating leukaemia cells is a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis, assessment of the treatment response and minimal residual disease (MRD) surveillance of APL. METHODS: Sixty cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), including 30 cases of APL and 30 cases of non-APL AML, were selected. Thirty healthy controls were also selected. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from APL patients at diagnosis and post-induction. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed for miRNA profiling and miR-638 expression analysis, respectively. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Spearman’s rho correlation test were used. RESULTS: Both microarray and qRT-PCR data showed that miR-638 was significantly upregulated in BM after APL patients received induction therapy. Moreover, miR-638, which is specifically downregulated in APL cell lines, was upregulated after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloid differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that miR-638 could serve as a valuable biomarker for differentiating APL from controls or non-APL AML. Furthermore, miR-638 expression was sharply increased after induction therapy and complete remission (CR). An inverse correlation was observed between miR-638 and PML-RARα transcripts levels in BM samples, while a positive correlation was revealed between PB miR-638 and BM miR-638 levels in APL patients after induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that miR-638 may serve as a potential APL biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of the response to targeted therapy, and PB miR-638 could be used for non-invasive MRD surveillance in APL.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Crenezumab in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease Treated with Escalating Doses for up to 133 Weeks
Authors: Guthrie Heather , Honig Lawrence S. , Lin Helen , Sink Kaycee M. , Blondeau Kathleen , Quartino Angelica , Dolton Michael , Carrasco-Triguero Montserrat , Lian Qinshu , Bittner Tobias , Clayton David , Smith Jillian , Ostrowitzki Susanne
Published: June 2020

Background:

Crenezumab is a fully humanized, monoclonal anti-amyloid-β immunoglobulin G4 antibody.

Objective:

This Phase Ib study (NCT02353598) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of crenezumabat doses of ≤120 mg/kg administered intravenously every 4 weeks (q4w). Immunogenicity and exploratory biomarkers were also evaluated.

Methods:

In this multicenter, double-blind study, participants (aged 50–90 years) with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid-positive positron emission tomography (PET) scan were randomized to receive crenezumab 30 or 45 mg/kg (Cohort 1, n = 21), 60 mg/kg (Cohort 2, n = 21), or 120 mg/kg (Cohort 3, n = 19) or corresponding placebo ( n = 14) intravenously q4w for 13 weeks. Seventy-one participants were subsequently enrolled in an optional open-label extension (OLE) and received crenezumab at the originally assigned dose level, except for Cohort 3 (crenezumab 60 mg/kg during OLE). Participants received regular brain MRIs to assess amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Results up to Week 133 are reported.

Results:

Approximately 94% of participants experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE). Most AEs were mild or moderate; 15.5% experienced a Grade ≥3 AE. No ARIA-edema/effusion (ARIA-E) events were observed. New ARIA-micro hemorrhages and hemosiderosis (ARIA-H) were reported in 4.9% (double-blind treatment period) and 9.9% (combined double-blind treatment and OLE periods) of participants. Steady-state trough concentrations of crenezumab were dose-proportional and maintained for each dose level.

Conclusion:

Crenezumab doses of ≤120 mg/kg intravenously q4w were well tolerated. The observed safety profile for ≤133 weeks of treatment in a mild-to-moderate AD population was similar to that seen in previous trials.
Simple and Fast Assay for Apolipoprotein E Phenotyping and Glycotyping: Discovering Isoform-Specific Glycosylation in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Hu Yueming , Meuret Cristiana , Go Scholastica , Yassine Hussein N. , Nedelkov Dobrin
Published: June 2020

Background:

The mechanisms of how APOE ɛ4 allele ( APOE4) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology have not been fully elucidated. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), apoE is heavily glycosylated.

Objective:

To determine the impact of APOE genotype on the relative abundance of apoE protein isoforms and their specific glycosylation patterns in CSF and plasma via a newly developed mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) assay.

Methods:

Total glycosylation and isoform-specific glycosylation were analyzed in plasma and CSF from a group of non-demented older individuals ( n = 22), consisting of homozygous ɛ3 and ɛ4 or heterozygous ɛ3/ ɛ4, ɛ2/ ɛ3, or ɛ2/ ɛ4 carriers. The glycan structures were further confirmed after treatment with sialidase.

Results:

In heterozygous individuals, the apoE3/E2, E4/E2, and E4/E3 isoform ratios were all significantly lower in plasma compared to CSF. For all individuals, a single O-linked glycan was observed in plasma, while two glycans (of the same type) per apoE were observed in CSF. The ratio of glycosylated to total apoE was greater in CSF compared to plasma for all apoE isoforms. In plasma and CSF, a trend of decreasing glycosylation was observed from apoE2 > apoE3 > apoE4. The difference in the percentage of secondary glycosylation in CSF was significantly greater in apoE4 compared to the other isoforms.

Conclusion:

The new MSIA apoE assay robustly distinguishes among apoE isoforms and glycoforms in plasma and CSF. ApoE4 is the predominant isoform and least glycosylated in CSF. Assessing apoE isoform-specific glycosylation by MSIA may help clarify brain apoE metabolism and AD risk.
Management of Pain in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Buhmann Carsten , Kassubek Jan , Jost Wolfgang H.
Published: June 2020

Pain is a very frequent symptom with influence on the quality of life in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but is still underdiagnosed and commonly treated only unsystematically. Pain etiology and pain character are often complex and multi-causal, and data regarding treatment recommendations are limited. Pain can be primarily related to PD but frequently it is associated with secondary diseases, such as arthrosis of the spine or joints. However, even basically PD-unrelated pain often is amplified by motor- or non-motor PD symptoms, such as akinesia or depression. Beyond an optimization of anti-parkinsonian treatment, additional pain treatment strategies are usually needed to properly address pain in PD. A careful pain history and diagnostic work-up is essential to rate the underlying pain pathophysiology and to develop a targeted therapeutic concept. This review gives an overview on how pain is treated in PD patients and how patients assess the effectiveness of these therapies; here, the manuscript focuses on pathophysiology-driven suggestions for a multimodal pain management in clinical practice.
A review of gestational diabetes mellitus management, risk factors, maternal and neonatal outcomes in two major maternity hospitals in the United Arab Emirates: A report from Dubai
Authors: Abdulrahman Mahera , Tabatabaei Zainabsadat , Maqbool Sadia , Hafidh Khadija , Husain Zahra SM , Al Raeesi Fatima Hussain , Abo Sada Nour Mazen , Akbar Madiha , Hubaishi Nawal Mahmood , Tahlak Muna Abdul Razzaq , Carrick Frederick Robert
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to explore and analyze the status of gestational diabetes (GDM) amongst pregnant women in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE); a country with high prevalence of diabetes. We aimed to describe GDM-associated risk factors and clinical outcomes of pregnant women and their neonates. Our objective was to contribute to the broader literature on reproductive health disparities and to inform efforts to improve GDM care at our region. METHODS: Chart review of case records were used to collect data on both maternal and neonatal parameters and outcomes during the specified study period from two main maternity hospitals in Dubai. RESULTS: UAE national women with GDM were more prone to be obese or overweight compared to non-UAE women (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, UAE national women with GDM had higher history of GDM in previous pregnancies (p < 0.0001) and more family history of diabetes (p < 0.0001). The neonate admission into NICU was significantly associated with cesarean section (p < 0.0001), twins (p < 0.0001), preeclampsia (p = 0.02), receiving MgSO4 (p = 0.02), birth weight less than 2500 g (p < 0.0001), low Apgar scores (p < 0.0001), baby with congenital anomaly (p < 0.0001), and neonatal hypoglycemia (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that pregnant women with GDM who are UAE nationals and have higher parity need to be under special attention during their pregnancy in order to improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Interviews with family caregivers of older adults: Their experiences of care and the integration of assistive technology in care
Authors: Beaudoin Maude , Atoyebi Oladele A. , Mortenson W. Ben , Auger Claudine , Demers Louise , Wister Andrew , Plante Michelle , Routhier François
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

Consequences related to caregiving are multidimensional. Ways to reduce burden should be investigated, such as the use of assistive technology (AT). AT can decrease family caregiver burden, but there are multiple barriers to their uptake. A mixed-method project was launched to understand the needs of family caregivers and how could technology provide support. This study draws from qualitative data of this project.

OBJECTIVE:

To understand the experience of care provision and the integration of AT in the care provided by family caregivers.

METHODS:

Participants had to have provided care to an older adult or be an older adult providing care. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews on the caregiving situation and use of AT. A thematic content analysis was conducted.

RESULTS:

Fifty-nine family caregivers were recruited. Three main themes were identified: ‘Responsibilities of Caregiving’ described that family caregivers assisted in all areas of their care recipient’s life. ‘Caregivers’ Challenges and Rewards’ portrayed the challenges experienced by family caregivers and identified positive caregiving activities. ‘Strategies to Address Responsibilities and Challenges’ illustrated two main strategies to face challenges: sharing caring and using AT.

CONCLUSION:

The variability in care provision and challenges encountered should be taken into consideration when developing AT.
Design and optimization of a hip disarticulation prosthesis using the remote center of motion mechanism
Authors: Li Xinwei , Deng Zhipeng , Meng Qiaoling , Bai Shaoping , Chen Wenming , Yu Hongliu
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Hip disarticulation prostheses (HDPs) are not routinely seen in clinical practice, and traditional hip prostheses rotate around an axis at the front side of the pelvic socket. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a mechanism to restore the rotation center to the acetabulum of the amputated side and uses comparative experiments with traditional HDP to verify the validity of the novel design. METHODS: A double parallelogram design of HDP based on a remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism was presented in this paper. Optimization was achieved by a genetic algorithm with the maximal integral size and minimal driving force of the mechanism. RESULTS: The prototype was developed by final optimal results and tested by a hip disarticulated amputee. Testing results revealed that the RCM-HDP improved the range of motion of the hip prosthesis by 78%. The maximal flexion of the assorted prosthetic knee was closer to the sound side than a traditional HDP by 15%. CONCLUSION: The proposed RCM-HDP promoted the kinematic performance and symmetry of the hip prosthesis compared to the traditional design.