bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Can ozone be used to calibrate aerosol photoacoustic spectrometers?
Authors: Fischer Donald A. , Smith Geoffrey D.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has become a popular technique for measuring absorption of light by atmospheric aerosols in both the laboratory and in field campaigns. It has low detection limits, measures suspended aerosols, and is insensitive to scattering. But PAS requires rigorous calibration to be applied quantitatively. Often, a PAS instrument is either filled with a gas of known concentration and absorption cross section, such that the absorption in the cell can be calculated from the product of the two, or the absorption is measured independently with a technique such as cavity ringdown spectroscopy. Then, the PAS signal can be regressed upon the known absorption to determine a calibration slope that reflects the sensitivity constant of the cell and microphone. Ozone has been used for calibrating PAS instruments due to its well-known UV-visible absorption spectrum and the ease with which it can be generated. However, it is known to photodissociate up to approximately 1120 nm via the O3 + hν (> 1.1 eV) → O2(3∑g−) + O(3P) pathway, which is likely to lead to inaccuracies in aerosol measurements. Two recent studies have investigated the use of O3 for PAS calibration but have reached seemingly contradictory conclusions with one finding that it results in a sensitivity that is a factor of two low and the other concluding that it is accurate. The present work is meant to add to this discussion by exploring the extent to which O3 photodissociates in the PAS cell and the role that the identity of the bath gas plays in determining the PAS sensitivity. We find a 5 % loss in PAS signal attributable to photodissociation at 532 nm in N2 but no loss in a 5 % mixture of O2 in N2. Furthermore, we discovered a dramatic increase of more than a factor of two in the PAS sensitivity as we increased the O2 fraction in the bath gas, which reached an asymptote near 100 % O2 that nearly matched the sensitivity measured with both NO2 and nigrosin particles. We interpret this dependence with a kinetic model that suggests the reason for the observed results is a more efficient transfer of energy from excited O3 to O2 than to N2 by a factor of 22–55 depending on excitation wavelength.
120,000 year record of sea ice in the North Atlantic
Authors: Maffezzoli Niccolò , Vallelonga Paul , Edwards Ross , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Turetta Clara , Kjær Helle Astrid , Barbante Carlo , Vinther Bo , Spolaor Andrea
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Although it has been demonstrated that the speed and magnitude of recent Arctic sea ice decline is unprecedented for the past 1,450 years, few records are available to provide a paleoclimate context for Arctic sea ice extent. Here we present a 120 kyr record of bromine enrichment from the RECAP ice core, coastal East Greenland, and reconstruct past sea ice conditions in the North Atlantic as far north as the entrance of the Arctic Ocean (50–85° N). Bromine enrichment has been previously employed to reconstruct first-year sea ice (FYSI) in the Canadian Arctic over the last glacial cycle. We find that during the last deglaciation, the transition from multi-year sea ice (MYSI) to FYSI started at ∼ 17.6 kyr, synchronous with sea ice reductions observed in the eastern Nordic seas (Müller and Stein, 2014; Hoff et al., 2016) and with the increase of North Atlantic ocean temperature (Dokken and Jansen, 1999). FYSI reached its maximum extent at 12.4–11.8 kyr, after which open-water conditions started to dominate, as supported by sea ice records from the eastern Nordic seas and the North Icelandic shelf. Our results show that over the last 120,000 years, sea ice extent was greatest during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 and MIS4, with decreased levels during MIS3 and the onset of the last glacial period (late-MIS5). Sea ice extent during the last 10 kyr (Holocene/MIS1) has been less than at any time in the last 120 kyr.
Catastrophic debris flow triggered by an extreme rainfall event in the Volcán village, January 2017. Cordillera Oriental of Argentina
Authors: Esper Angillieri María Yanina , Perucca Laura , Vargas Nicolás
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Slides, rockfalls, debris floods and debris flows are periodical events in the dry mountainous regions of Argentina, during times of torrential rainfalls. In the Grande River basin, Jujuy Province, these processes take place almost every summer. Extreme rainfall on January 10, 2017 caused the seasonal acceleration of large-scale and slow-moving landslides in the Los Filtros River basin. These slides broke down into a disaggregated mass, triggering a debris flow which transformed progressively downstream into a debris flood, producing widespread damage along a narrow valley (named Quebrada de Humahuaca), with the Volcán village withstanding the worst of the disaster. The event caused four fatalities and great economic losses, mainly destroying infrastructure and buildings. In order to document this catastrophic event and to explore its causes, a morphometric analysis of the Los Filtros river basin, tributary of the western margin of the Grande River and located on the Cordillera Oriental area, was carried out. The drainage network was derived from digital elevation models. In addition, some landslides were mapped using high-resolution satellite data acquired before and after the event. Of a total landslide area of 2.39 km2, 0.60 km2 was considered as active and 0.089 km2 as new sliding area (from 2015 to 2017) associated to the large-scale and slow-moving landslides. The geological characteristics of the study basin are very favourable conditioning factors in landslide generation. Precambrian-age low grade metaclastics shatter in the frost climate of the higher mountains and poorly consolidated Quaternary deposits along the sides of the gully erode readily and become source material for landslide that damage or bury roads, railroads, and houses. Finally, this study aims to increase knowledge of all the above-mentioned events in order to provide several methods of analysis for landslide prevention and control.
Edo, Ergo Sum. Anthropological, Ethical and Educational Considerations about Eating
Authors: Varela Luca , Russo Maria Teresa
Published: July 2018

Sostenemos que, siendo el acto de comer racional y relacional, también debe ser un tema educativo que tiene que ver con la sociedad y el ambiente, la política y la salud, los gustos y las tendencias, así como los factores genéticos y epigenéticos. Esta hipótesis tiene que ver con una cierta teoría del acto humano y una antropología basada en las especulaciones filosóficas de MacIntyre y Aristóteles. En este sentido, argumentamos que las opciones alimenticias son un “híbrido de libertad”, racionalidad, y elementos inconscientes y ambientales, y se relacionan con las dimensiones espirituales y biológicas de los seres humanos. Finalmente, sugerimos que debemos cambiar los hábitos humanos para transformar la forma humana de actuar, ya que cada acto humano puede cambiar la esencia humana y viceversa.
Aspectos bioéticos relacionados con la basura espacial y sus efectos sobre la vida en la Tierra y la exploración aeroespacial
Authors: Delgado Martínez Juan Guillermo , Álvarez León Ricardo
Published: July 2018

El siglo XX fue una centuria de grandes descubrimientos científicos y desarrollos tecnológicos en todas las áreas, pero en particular en lo relativo a la conquista del espacio. Durante anos, la bioética fue pensada en estrecha relación con la ética médica y el ámbito de problemas específicamente humanos, pero en los últimos tiempos su sentido se ha ido ampliando. El presente trabajo busca relacionar esta preocupación por una ciencia de la supervivencia con la existencia de la llamada basura espacial o chatarra espacial que orbita la Tierra, y que en un tiempo no conocido afectara pequeñas o grandes áreas de nuestro planeta. La basura espacial se ha convertido en una preocupación cada vez mayor, especialmente en los últimos anos, puesto que las colisiones a velocidades orbitales pueden producir aún más basura espacial en el proceso llamado síndrome de Kessler, o cascada de ablación, lo que perjudicaría el funcionamiento de los satélites, afectaría las misiones espaciales o pondría en riesgo la vida de los astronautas. También es probable que dicha basura se precipite sobre la Tierra, con efectos no claramente evaluados sobre la población humana. Aunque el problema suele aparecer tanto en textos científicos como en obras de ciencia-ficción, no ha sido considerado con la seriedad exigida para un riesgo real y no alejado de la vida cotidiana.
Análisis de Actitudes hacia las Donaciones de Órganos en Población Chilena
Authors: Lara Libia , León Correa Francisco Javier , Navarrete Campos Jean Paul
Published: July 2018

Los trasplantes de órganos son una de las técnicas quirúrgicas que más han evolucionado a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar de su reciente existencia, han alcanzado una gran perfección. Dicha técnica comenzó a realizarse en la década de los sesenta, pero no fue hasta la década de los ochenta, junto con la ciclosporina, cuando esta técnica se consolidó, pues la posibilidad de éxito aumentó, ya que el riesgo de rechazo se redujo de forma considerable. El trasplante ofrece significativas ventajas en lo que se refiere a mejora de esperanza de vida y, de modo particular, en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, cuando se compara con otras terapias de reemplazo. En otros casos, esta técnica es la única posibilidad de supervivencia. En nuestro trabajo ofrecemos un estudio en las regiones de Bío Bío y Valparaíso, con la intención de conocer la actitud que tiene la población ante las donaciones de órganos, puesto que en Chile la tasa de donaciones es baja: 7,8 en el año 2015 y 7,4 en el 2016. España, por ejemplo, es uno de los líderes mundiales en donaciones de órganos, la tasa fue de 40,2 y 43,4 en el 2015 y 2016 respectivamente. Con este estudio pretendemos entender las posibles causas de esta escasa tasa, y para ello analizaremos las actitudes ante las donaciones de órganos en ambas regiones chilenas. El proceso de donación-trasplante debe basarse en los principios bioéticos fundamentales de respeto a la dignidad y autonomía de las personas, beneficencia y no maleficencia y justicia, a fin de garantizar el acceso, la equidad, la efectividad, la eficiencia y la eficacia. Es necesaria una sociedad altruista y solidaria para poder llevar a término dicho proceso.
Could the Greek Taxation Policy Pull the Economy from the Recession to Development?
Authors: Diakomihalis Mihail N , Politou Athina
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the tax system of Greece from 2002 to 2016, the changes that have been made to it and the structure and evolution over time of taxes compared to GDP components and particularly to investments. Also, the impact of taxes on investments by category, is being studied. Examining the changes in taxes and investment in Greece for the 15year period, a negative relationship among them was found, as there was an increase in taxes and a reduction in investment. This is more profound in the period of the crisis 2010-2016, when taxation was increased (compared to pre-crisis years, 2002-2009) leading to an even greater reduction in investments in total economy. Considering the findings of our research, as well as those of previous studies, government and policy makers should realize that the reduction in the tax burden can bring an increase in investments by business and households, and that investments is the only route to drive the economy out of the recession.
The Importance of Innovation for Small-Scale Metallurgical Industries: Multiple Case Study on Innovation Management
Authors: Morais Marcos Oliveira , Brejão Antonio Sérgio , Araújo Marcelo Bernardino , Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira
Published: July 2018

This research aims to identify how specialists of small metallurgical companies analyze the question regarding the search for innovation. Then, we conducted a survey in five companies from the sectors of aluminum casting under pressure, plastic injection, and lighting. It is also possible to see that for small companies, partnership issues become relevant in the context of innovation together with the interaction between the company and employees. This research indicates that innovate became the way to remain competitive, since the high Brazilian tax burden prejudice the gains of the companies, enabling both technological and organizational advances. It is a multiple case study paper in the secondary sector.
Entrepreneurial Intentions of Pakistani Students: The Role of Entrepreneurial Education, Creativity Disposition, Invention Passion & Passion for Founding
Authors: Anjum Temoor , Ramzani Sara Ravan , Farrukh Muhammad , Raju Valliappan , Nazar Nida , Shahzad Imran Ahmad
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions of the university students, moreover, a mediating role of  Entrepreneurial Passion, Perceived Creativity Disposition and Entrepreneurial Passion was also assessed. Data were collected from 595 university students; Partial least square technique was used with the help of SmartPLS software. Results of partial least square structural equation modeling showed that all the hypothesized direct and indirect relationship were supported. Possible implications for theory and practice are discussed in detailed.
Sustainable Health Equity
Authors: Kerich Henry
Published: July 2018

Sustainable Health Equity (SHE) is a progressive national initiative that promotes the health of individual citizens and communities by modifying socio economic and environmental factors that correspond to social determinants of health. The sustainable health equity focuses on modalities to engage policy actors, stakeholders and decision makers to conceptualize an actionable public health policy. The collaborative national initiative is multifaceted which is principally to provide consistent health care that does not vary according to demographics like gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic and geographical location. Cultural congruent and universal health care are the pillars to health equity in the United States. The Stakeholders include government, researchers, civil societies, health care professionals, providers and the public. An actionable SHE policy will advance public confidence in the executive, judiciary, legislators and public officials. Multidisciplinary and multilevel engagement is essential in addressing health disparity in the United States. Strategies to foster political power, create awareness, advocate for high-quality health care progress evidence- based practices, research and equal allocation of material and resources. SHE prospective is inherent with the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services unequivocal resonance in public service, and exemplary leadership.
Investigation of the Metaphorical Perceptions of the Gifted Students Related to the Concept of Science and Art Center (SAC)
Authors: Satmaz Ismail , Tortop Hasan , Temiz Elmaziye
Published: July 2018

This study aims to reveal the metaphorical perceptions related to the concept of Science and Art Center (SAC,) which is a state institution where the gifted students in Turkey receive support for their education. For this purpose, gifted students were asked to produce metaphors about SAC concepts. The participants of the research are 59 students attending Çanakkale SAC in Çanakkale city, Turkey. However, 52 students areincluded in the study. The research is based on the phenomenological approach of qualitative research methods. The data of the study were collected by metaphor questionnaire consisting of two parts. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis method. In[HST1] the direction of the data obtained from the research, the perceptions of SAC of the gifted students were revealed. The perceptions of gifted students in the study were examined in terms of changes in gender and the education program they were enrolled. It has been found that gifted students have perceptions related to SAC in seven categories: safe and relaxing environment, source and conveyor of information, developer and guiding, entertaining learning environment, beneficial learning environment, astonishing learning environment and boring learning environment. Two different data coding systems were used to reveal 7 different categories, The result was checked in accordance with Miles and Huberman reliability coefficent and the result was 91%.
Developable or Not Related to Information Loss
Authors: Chen William
Published: July 2018

In this paper we present a lemma and two theorems. These theoretical results will be used to test whether or not a given surface model can be developed. We then choose some examples to demonstrate how to perform these tests. All of these theories and examples are for general purposes, and are not restricted to any particular field. Although all examples are in three-dimensional space, it can be expanded to finite n-dimensional Euclidean spaces. The objective of this paper is to link the relationship between developable surfaces and information loss.
Subcellular localization of several structurally different tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Honeywell Richard , Hitzerd Sarina , Kathmann Ietje , Peters Godefridus
Published: July 2018

Protein tyrosine kinases form an important target for a new class of anticancer drugs, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently we demonstrated that sunitinib, an inhibitor of the membrane-associated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), is trapped in lysosomes which isolates the drug from its intended target. Therefore we investigated whether this also holds for other TKIs, targeted against different protein kinases. For this purpose we used the ProteoExtractR kit, which enables a subcellular extraction separating cellular proteins into four distinct fractions covering the cytosol, membranes and membrane organelles (including lysosomes), nuclear proteins and the cytoskeleton. Since TKIs are 98-100 % protein bound we used this property to study their subcellular distribution and used Caco-2 cells as a model. As expected after 2 hours exposure sunitinib was trapped in cytosol (58 %) and organelles (42 % including lysosomes). Crizotinib, an inhibitor of ALK-EML4, showed a similar distribution. However, erlotinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) showed a very low cellular accumulation and was limited to the organelle fraction. In contrast, the other EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib was predominantly located in the cytosolic (39 %) and membrane fraction (44 %). Sorafenib, another VEGFR inhibitor was predominantly located in the organelle fraction (85 %) and cytosol (15 %) after 2 hours, while after 24 hours distribution decreased (9.9 fold) with a slight shift. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of BCR-Abl was located only in the cytosol (100 %). In general localization after 24 hours was comparable, albeit several small changes were seen. In conclusion protein fractionation with the ProteoExtractR Subcellular Proteome Extraction kit demonstrated large differences in TKI levels in various cellular organelles, with a pattern in agreement with lysosomal accumulation of sunitinib.
Relatos de exclusión. Indagaciones poscoloniales sobre raza y marginalidad en el cine de Sara Gómez.
Authors: Arce Padrón Yissel
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo indaga en algunos materiales audiovisuales de la filmografía de la realizadora cubana Sara Gómez. El principal eje analítico de esta exploración será la discusión sobre la problemática racial que emerge en condiciones de obliteración en las narrativas de la nación insular después del triunfo revolucionario de 1959. Los procesos de negociación que configuran el entramado de sentidos de las imágenes de esta creadora visibilizan un campo de relaciones de poder custodiado por un discurso estatal que reifica en sus prácticas cotidianas las marcas de la violencia colonial sobre la población afrodescendiente en el Caribe. La operación conceptual de Sara permitirá anudar aquí sus estrategias narrativas con el repertorio tropológico de la mimicry colonial que Homi Bhaba explica desde las epistemologías de las teorías poscoloniales. Así, desde las ambivalencias del discurso colonial y desde la interpelación política del cine de Sara Gómez, interrogaremos críticamente la lógica de invisibilizar el orden racializado que funda las bases de las dinámicas sociales y de las apuestas de ciudadanía de la Cuba postrevolución.
¿Meter el arte en el mundo? Sociedad, conducta y arte en las propuestas de Tania Bruguera.
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Renata
Published: July 2018

El presente ensayo versa sobre el impulso constante en la poética de la artista cubana Tania Bruguera hacia una búsqueda de mecanismos, estrategias y herramientas para incluir el arte en el mundo. Proposiciones que van en contraposición a la práctica de inclusión de otros aspectos de la vida cotidiana en el arte de manera superficial, sin una real indagación sobre los motivos y objetivos que mueven el acercamiento del arte con la vida. Para comprender esta trayectoria y como esta desemboca en una mimetización casi completa entre arte y sociedad se hará un análisis de dos momentos de la carrera de la artista. Primeramente de las acciones impulsadas por la Cátedra de Arte de Conducta, tamizadas por los estudios de estética relacional de Nicolas Bourriaud. Desembocando, en un segundo momento, en sus últimas acciones como el Partido del Pueblo Migrante y el Movimiento Inmigrante Internacional, que se aproximan a la idea de antagonismos propuesta por Claire Bishop, debido al desarrollo de sus conceptos de arte útil y de arte de conducta.
Artistas del Caribe hispano, visiones críticas de ciudadanía e identidad.
Authors: Wood Pujols Yolanda
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo se orienta a distinguir, a través de un catálogo de obras de artistas caribeños contemporáneos de las islas hispanas y sus diásporas, el modo en que los signos y documentos que dan fe de la identificación de los individuos y pertenencia a un origen, se hacen permeables a otras significaciones que revelan contextos y circunstancias que el artista emplea como pretexto artístico de indagación crítica. Entre esos aspectos motivan el status y la condición del viajero, la relación con una historia propia o su co-relato con historias pasadas, y los problemas que plantea la circulación de personas en la era global.
Itinerarios de artistas cubanos en México: Pensar la ciudadanía desde otro lugar.
Authors: Rodríguez Bolufé Olga María
Published: July 2018

La reconfiguración del concepto de ciudadanía en el Caribe hispano, tomando en cuenta los procesos migratorios, son abordados a través de las experiencias de un grupo de artistas cubanos. La presencia de México como paradigma y lugar de vivencias personales y profesionales para los creadores cubanos, se incluye en este análisis de los itinerarios artísticos de la ciudadanía. El tema de la revisitación de la cultura latinoamericana, a partir del contacto del artista cubano con el universo mítico de la cosmogonía mesoamericana, ofrece alternativas para el análisis de los procesos creativos y de las interacciones con sus respectivos contextos de formación y realización y exhibición de sus propuestas. La postura ética del artista cubano ante el tema migratorio y su exploración en nuevas acepciones de ciudadanía, son abordadas en el texto a través de la obra de artistas como Juan Francisco Elso, Leandro Soto, José Bedia y Sandra Ramos. Los repertorios sígnicos que se generan a partir de la migración, operan como dispositivos de significado y se integran a un discurso visual profundamente reflexivo acerca de la ciudadanía, entre la política y la estética.
SYNTHESIS OF Pd-CONTAINING HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYSTYRENE AND RESEARCH OF ITS CATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR FURFURAL HYDROGENATION
Authors: Doluda Valentin Yu. , Strigina Viktoriya A. , Matveeva Valentina G. , Sul’man Esfir M. , Lakina Natalia V.
Published: July 2018

In this paper the results were presented on the study of physical-chemical and catalytic properties of Pd nanoparticles synthesized in hypercrosslinked polystyrene matrix with various methods allowing to obtain Pd particles of different sizes. Obtained samples were sudied with the methods of chemisorption of hydrogen, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Synthesized catalysts were tested in the reaction of catalytic furfural hydrogenation. The dependence of the catalysts activity on their structural characteristics was determined.
SORPTION OF RARE-EARTH METALS FROM NO EVAPORATED DIHYDRATE PHOSPHORIC ACID ON MACROPOROUS STRONGLY ACIDIC CATIONITE
Authors: Firsov Aleksandr V. , Artamonov Aleksandr V. , Smirnova Dar'ya N. , Ilyin Aleksandr P. , Kochetkov Segreiy P.
Published: July 2018

The kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the sorption of rare earths metals (REE) from no evaporated extration phosphoric acid (EPA) of dihydrate production on macroporous strongly acidic cation Rurolite C150 were investigated. The process of sorption of rare earth metals was established to take place in the external diffusion region.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OF TETRAANTHRAQUINONILE- AND TETRAANTHRAQUINONILEOXY-SUBSTITUTED METALPHTALOCYANINES
Authors: Gureeva Ekaterina A. , Borisov Albert V. , Shaposhnikov Gennadiy P.
Published: July 2018

6-(3,4-Dicyanophenyl)antraquinone-2,3- and 6-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylic acids, and tetra-[4-(anthraquinone-6,7-dicarboxy)]- as well as on their basis tetra-[4-(anthraquinone-6,7-dicarboxy)oxy]phtalocyanines of copper, cobalt and nickel were received. Spectral properties of the synthesized metalcomplexes were studied.
INFLUENCE OF LIGANDS BASICITY ON COMPLEXATION KINETICS OF 5,10,15,20-TETRA(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PORPHYN AND 5,10,15,20-TETRA(ISO-BUTYL)PORPHYN WITH COPPER ACETATE
Authors: Dao The Nam , Puhovskaya Svetlana G. , Ivanova Yulia B. , Glazunov Alexey V. , Semeikin Aleksander S.
Published: July 2018

Spectrophotometric studies of base and complexation properties of 5,10,15,20-tetra(trifluoromethyl)porphine and  5,10,15,20-tetra(iso-butyl)porphine were carried out in systems acetonitrile – HClO4  and CH3COOH – Cu(ОАc)2. It was found that under ligands titration with perchloric acid in acetonitrile the consecutive protonating of nitrogen atoms of pyrrolic rings occurs with formation of mono – and dicationic forms. Electron absorption spectra may be obtained for these cationic forms. Total basicity constants and concentration intervals of existence of ligands ionized forms in acetonitrile were determined. Kinetic parameters of copper(II) complex formation was measured. The influence of nature of meso-position substituents of porphyrin macrocycle on reactivity of tetrapyrrolic macrocycle was dicussed.
KINETICS OF HYDROGENATION OF NITROBENZENE, 4-NITROTOLUENE, 4-NITROANILINE AND 2-CHLORO-4-NITROANILINE ON SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYST
Authors: Krasnov Alexander A. , Latypova Adele R. , Lefedova Olga V. , Sharonov Nikolaiy Yu. , Efremov Evgeniy V. , Filippov Dmitriy V.
Published: July 2018

A study of the kinetics of liquid phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotoluene, 4-nitroaniline and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline on supported palladium catalyst in aqueous solutions of 2-propanol of different composition was carried out. The influence of the substituent on the value of the total amount of hydrogen absorbed during the reaction and the kinetics of the hydrogenation of substituted nitrobenzenes was discussed. It was found out that the reaction selectivity to 2-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine decreases due to by-reaction dehalogenation. The degree of dehalogenation depends on the composition of solvent and may be approximately estimated by the values of the absorbed hydrogen volume during the reaction. Also, the presence of the donor-acceptor substituents is capable of exerting influence on the reaction rate of hydrogenation of the nitro compound.
HYDRATION STUDY OF PORTLAND CEMENT MINERALS IN LIMY-SULFUR TEMPERE
Authors: Elesin Mikhail A. , Berdov Gennady I.
Published: July 2018

The interaction of minerals of the Portland cement (alit, belit, alyumoferrite) was studied with a limy-sulfur tempere. Higher SiO2 content in a liquid phase was established at hydration as well as hydration process acceleration. The strength of cement materials could be increased by 20-40% at application of such tempere with sulfur concentration of 180 g/l.
INFLUENCE OF SURFACE HEATING TEMPERATURE ON EXTERNAL HEAT-EXCHANGE IN WET VIBRO-FLUIDIZED BED
Authors: Sapozhnikov Boris G. , Gorbunova Anastasiya M. , Zelenkova Yuliya O. , Shiryaeva Nina P.
Published: July 2018

Experimental data are given on the influence of the temperature of the heating surface, placed to a wet vibro-fluidized bed of non-porous particles, and higher that the saturation temperatures on the external heat-transfer coefficient at conductive supply of the heat.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING QUASI INVARIANTS IN KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Authors: Fedotov Vladislav Kh. , Koltsov Nikolaiy I.
Published: July 2018

A method was developed for determining the approximate kinetic relations (quasi-invariants), which connect equilibrium constants of multi- step reactions with reagent concentrations measured in several non-stationary experiments (multi-experiments). With this method use the quasi-invariants were defined for the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide proceeding through different mechanisms.
ADSORPTION HEAT OF SULFUR OXIDE (IV) BY MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN
Authors: Postnikova Irina N. , Pavlova Irina V.
Published: July 2018

New data are obtained on heat of adsorption of sulfur oxide (IV) by melamine- formaldehyde resin.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF HEAVY METALS LOCALIZATION IN EMBRYOPHYTES TISSUES IN COURSE OF PHYTOEXTRACTION
Authors: Olshanskaya Lyubov N. , Bakanova Ekaterina M. , Yakovleva Elena V
Published: July 2018

The paper studies histochemical analysis methods and possibilities of using them to define metals localization in tissues and organs of plants. Heavy metals localizations in the plant body are of importance when studying their toxic effect and plant mechanisms of resistance. Different organs, tissues and even different cells of separate plant tissue accrete metals variously. Distribution of metals in the whole body may become strongly inhomogeneous. The paper analyses distribution and peculiarities of copper and cadmium accretion by pod and soya bean tissues in the course of phytoextraction without any influence and under the influence of external physical fields (constant magnetic field, ultraviolet irradiation). The research specified that metals localization predominantly takes place in the plant roots which tissues function as a barrier (endodermis) and protect stems, leaves, and generative organs from pollutants. External physical fields had a favorable effect on the plants in the course of Cu and Cd phytoextraction out of the soil. The plants were of greater vitality, contained more moisture under the identical conditions, and thus had a bigger amount of cell electrolyte essential for biochemical behavior in the plant cells and tissues.
SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COPPER SOLS IN PRESENCE OF NITRILOTRI(METHYLENE)PHOSPHONIC ACID
Authors: Erokhina Ekaterina V. , Galashina Valentina N. , Bogachkova Tatiana N. , Dymnikova Natalia S. , Moryganov Andrei P.
Published: July 2018

In this work the conditions for synthesis of copper nanoparticles by sodium tetrahydroborate in the presence of NTF are optimized. It is proved that the most favorable conditions for the reduction of copper in the solutions with its concentration of 2.0∙10-2 mol/l, are created when the concentration of tetrahydroborate sodium is three to four- fold exceeded, the titratable alkalinity is 5.3∙10-2-10.3∙10-2 mol/l, the temperature is 60 °C and the ratio of cation and chelate is equimolar. The method of photon correlation spectroscopy has confirmed the obtaining of copper nanoparticles with hydrodynamic radius of 25 nm, including shell stabilizers. The immutability of the size of bass for at least 72 h has been revealed.
PROTON TRANSFER IN PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING ACID–N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE SYSTEM WITH GLANCE OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Safonova Lyubov P. , Fedorova Irina V. , Krestyaninov Michael A.
Published: July 2018

Proton transfer processes in the molecular and ion-molecular complexes of phosphorus acids (phosphoric H3PO4, phosphorous H3PO3, methylphosphonic СН3Н2РО3) with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was studied. The potential energy surface (PES) for proton transfer was studied using the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory, and the solvent effect (here DMF) on the PES was included using the conductor polarized continuum model (CPCM). For all cases, the energy profile for proton transfer represents a double well curve, if intermolecular O…Odistance for the hydrogen bond considered has a fixed length equal to 2.7 Å. The solvent effect favors a proton transfer in the molecular complexes, but no shift of the equilibrium towards ionic pairs is observed. As a result, the energy values associated with proton transfer are significantly reduced in comparison with those found for the gas phase. The proton transfer in the complexes of H3PO4 with DMF is more favored than this process for the cases with H3PO3 and СН3Н2РО3. The probability of proton transfer in the Н3РО4–DMF and (Н3РО4)2–DMF is nearly identical. On the contrary, the barrier height for transfer in Н3РО4–(DMF)n for n=1÷3 increases with increasing number of DMF molecules. The energy barrier for proton transfer in the DMFH+–DMF and H3PO4–H2PO4– is lower than the ones for the molecular complexes.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER + FORMAMIDE MIXTURE
Authors: Egorov Gennadiy I. , Makarov Dmitriy M. , Kolker Arkadiy M.
Published: July 2018

Using the experimental data on the densities at atmospheric pressure and compressibility coefficients, k=(Vo-V)/Vo, of water + FA mixture the changes in the following thermodynamic parameters were calculated under the pressure increase up to 100 MPa within the temperature range from 288.15 to 323.15 K: excess molar Gibbs energy, ΔPo→PGmE, excess molar entropy ,ΔPo→PSmE, and excess molar entropy ΔPo→PHmE. It was established that ΔPo→PGmEvalues were negative over the whole concentration range and minima appeared on ΔPo→PGmE= f(x2) functions at x2≈0.33. The pressure growth up to 100 MPa resulted in ΔPo→PGmE absolute values increase within entire concentration and temperature intervals. The changes in entropy component, -(ΔPo→PTSmE), of ΔPo→PGmEvalues were almost canceled by the enthalpy component changes. Minimal values of ΔPo→PSmE corresponded to x2≈ 0.33, exactly at that composition 2Н2О-FA associate formed. The isobaric temperature lowering caused the structure ordering also at x2≈ 0.33. The pressure growth promoted the increasing in exothermicity of the mixing enthalpies, HmE, of water and formamide. The changes in HmE value under the mixture compression are indicative of the larger exothermal contribution from new H-bonds formation as compared with the endothermic contribution from the decreasing in the total amount of hydrogen bonds. The temperature lowering decreases ΔPo→PHmEvalues as well; maximal isotherms dispersion is observed at concentrations corresponding to maximal content of 2:1 or 1:1 associates of water and FA.
CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF TECHNICAL FIBER OF FLAX, HEMP AND JUTE TO CELLULOSE AND THEIR PYROLYSIS
Authors: Prusov Alexander N. , Prusova Svetlana M. , Zakharov Anatoly G. , Bazanov Alexander V. , Smirnov Pavel R. , Radugin Mikhail V.
Published: July 2018

Taking into account the chemical composition and morphological features the technical high purity fibers of flax, hemp and jute were studied as a new potential source of cellulose. The kinetics of the oxidation-hydrolytic method was shown for producing pulp from technical jute fibers in an aqueous alkaline medium containing the active components. The degree of removal of non-cellulosic components from technical jute fibers increases with the concentration of sodium hydroxide in an aqueous medium containing active additives, as well as with the increase in processing time and temperature. With the methods of chemical analysis, wide-angle X-ray scattering, FT-IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy the chemical composition and the supramolecular structure of the samples was studied. The thermal stability of the technical fibers, flax pulp, jute and hemp were determined. It was found that the obtained samples of linen, hemp and jute cellulose have Ib monoclinic modification. The crystallinity of the test samples according to X-ray diffraction method and calculated by limiting adsorption of water was the same within the error. This demonstrates the correctness of using the adsorption method for assessing the degree of crystallinity of cellulose. The obtained cellulose flax, hemp and jute were thermally stable up to 324-337 ° C.
NEW COLORIMETRIC AND FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSORS BASED ON DIPYRROMETHENE DYES
Authors: Antina Elena V. , Berezin Mikhail B. , Guseva Galina B. , Bumagina Natalia A. , Antina Lubov A. , V’yugin Anatoliy I.
Published: July 2018

Synthetic bis(dipyrromethene)s (H2L) is very promising compounds to create sensory systems due to a combination of spectral-luminescent and chelating properties which sensitive to structural and solvation effects. Reactions of H2L·2HBr salts with amines are accompanied by changes in the color of the solution and a clear show a transformations of H4L2+ salt spectrum in the H2L spectrum with a large (about 40 nm)  difference between maxima of their intense bands which allows the use of 3,3'-bis(dipyrromethene) salts as colorimetric chemosensors of amines with sensitivity of detection upto 1·10–8 mol/l. The basis for the development of applied directions of using 3,3-bis(dipyrromethene)s as a fluorescent chemosensors of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions is the bright coloristic effects, accompanying reactions of H2L with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) salts, and significant differences in quantitative characteristics of the spectra of the complexes [M2L2] and ligands. Reactions of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) salts with a weakly fluorescent bis(dipyrromethene) sensors are accompanied by the buildup (in 25–550 times) of fluorescence. The high sensitivity of fluorescence of d10-metal [M2L2] helikates to the properties of the environment became the basis for the development of the direction of creating fluorescent temperature sensors. The observed effect of the temperature dependence of fluorescence quantum yield of ethanol solutions of [Zn2L2] complexes is interest for the control of temperature (300–80 K). This is important in the development of cryostats or determining temperature of biomaterials cooled in them.
ZINC(II) BIS(DIPYRROMETENATES) AS NEW FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSORS OF N- AND O-CONTAINING ANALYTES
Authors: Antina Elena V. , Berezin Mikhail B. , Guseva Galina B. , Ksenofontov Alexander A. , V’yugin Anatoliy I.
Published: July 2018

The results of spectral studies of the fluorescence of binuclear zinc(II) bis(dipyrrinate)s with 3,3′-, 2,3′- and 2,2′-bis(dipyrrine)s of the composition [Zn2L2] in binary mixtures of cyclohexane and N- and O -containing solvent Х (acetone, DMF, DMSO, TEA) are presented. Spectrophotometric studies have shown that additive in cyclohexane of analyte upto χХ<0.2 leads to red shift (to ~10 nm) of emission band maximum and to a sharp decrease in fluorescence quantum yield (φ) of [Zn2L2] luminophores. The observed effect is due to the additional coordination processes of the electron-donor molecules X, leading to the formation of solvates [Zn2L2Xn]. The efficiency of fluorescence quenching of [Zn2L2], formed by 3,3′, 2,3′- or 2,2′-bis(dipyrrine)s, is different. Zinc(II) 3,3′-bis(dipyrrometenat) demonstrates the highest sensitivity to fluorescence at the presence of X, as compared with the 2,3′- and 2,2′-analogues. The interpretation of found experimentally linear correlations of φ and calculated on the Stern-Volmer model of the apparent quenching fluorescence constants of helicates from the electron-donating ability of the analytes was given. Indicators of intensity relative change at different wavelengths of the [Zn2L2] fluorescence spectrum were suggested as analytical criterion of the analyte identification. The detection limits of toxicants X by means of [Zn2L2] amounted upto ~ 10–7– 10–5 mol/l in organic media. High specificity of spectral-luminescence characteristics changing in the presence of particular N- and O-containing analytes provides the possibility of using [Zn2L2] helicates as new fluorescent selective chemosensors of the electron-donor molecules in liquid media.
EXTRACTION AND REEXTRACTION OF HISTIDINE AND RIBOFLAVIN BY N-VINYLCAPROLACTAME COPOLYMERS WITH 1-VINYL- AND 1-METHACRYLOYL-3,5-DIMETHYLPYROZOLE
Authors: Lavlinskaya Maria S. , Shatalov Gennadiy V. , Mokshina Nadezhda Ya. , Pakhomova Oksana A. , Kuznetsov Vyacheslav A.
Published: July 2018

Copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam (VC) with 1-vinyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (VDMP) and 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (MDMP) were synthesized by free radical copolymerization  in dioxane with azodiisobutironitrole as initiator. Both water-soluble and water-insoluble copolymers were obtained. The copolymers compositions were determined by FTIR and UV-spectroscopy. The copolymerization constants were calculated and they were: for VC (М1)–VDMP, r1 = 0.65 ± 0.03, r2 = 0.43 ± 0.03; for VC (М1)–MDMP, r1 = 0.79 ± 0.04, r2 = 0.21 ± 0.02. These values show that VC (М1) exhibits somewhat higher activity compared to М2 and that the tendency toward alternation of comonomer units is more pronounced in VC–MDMP copolymers (r1r2 = 0.17) compared to VC–VDMP copolymers (r1r2 = 0.27). It was found that VC–VDMP copolymers are water-soluble at VC content higher than 75 mol %, and VC–MDMP copolymers at VC content higher than 88 mol %. The water-soluble copolymers based on VC have lower critical solution temperature. Their values are in range of 54-69 °C. Two-phases water-salts systems based on synthesized water-soludle thermoresponsive copolymers are proposed for histidine and riboflavin (re)extraction in aqueous media. It was found that extraction systems based on VC-VDMP copolymers are more efficient then VC-MDMP systems. Degree of extraction for both substances in a case of VC-VDMP copolymers achieved 96%. Reextraction carried out by thermoprecipitation of VC (co)polymers. It was shown that reextraction is more efficient at pH 7.6 and its degree achieved 61.7 % for histidine.
RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF CROSS-LINKING AGENTS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SPATIAL GRID AND PROPERTIES OF URETHANE POLYMER
Authors: Slepchuk Inna , Semeshko Olga Ya. , Saribekova Yuliya G. , Kulish Irina N. , Gorokhov Igor V.
Published: July 2018

Results of study of influence of amount of functional groups of glycidyl ethers on characteristics of the spatial grid of crosslinked polyurethane polymer are presented. Parameters of a three-dimensional spatial grid of investigated samples of polymeric films and their physical and mechanical properties were determined by a method of equilibrium swelling in organic solvents.
INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXATION OF SULFONATE-CONTAINING AROMATIC POLY- AND COPOLYAMIDES IN ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MEDIA
Authors: Smirnova Nataliya N.
Published: July 2018

Complex formation of sulfonate-containing aromatic poly- and copolyamides with copolymers of acrylonitrile with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride and N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate was studied in organic and aqueous-organic media. The values of conversion degree for interpolymer reactions were determined. At optimal conditions in the presence of poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoisophthalamide and  poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoterephthalamide the degree of conversion was equal to ~0.80 and 0.78, respectively. The reduction of number of sulfonate containing units in the polymer chain to 10% leads to its decrease to ~0.18.   It was shown that the nature and composition of the solvent affects the kinetics of interpolymer reactions due to the different ratio of reaggregation during the interacting of function groups in water medium with considerable force of hydrophobic interactions and in organic solvent where these forces dramatically reduce. The phase state and the composition of formed interpolyelectrolyte complexes depends on charge density along macromolecule chain of copolyamide and on the composition of the solvent used. The reduction of the number of sulfonate containing units in the macromolecule leads to polycation component increase in the complex. The formation of stoichiometric interpoly-electrolyte complexes takes place in the solvent with the same composition as that when the most significant unfolding of the polyanion chain was observed. The phase separation during the complex formation by the interpolymer reaction with copolyamide containing 5% of units with sulfonate groups or copolymer of acrylonitrile with N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate is not observed.
POLYARYLENEETHERKETONES OBTAINING WITH REACTION OF NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
Authors: Salamov Ali Kh. , Mikitaev Abdulakh K. , Beev Aues A. , Beeva Julietti A. , Ligidov Mukhamed Kh. , Pakhomov Sergey I.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the study of influence of the synthesis conditions on the molecular weight of polyaryleneetherketones (PAEK), received with nucleophilic substitution reaction of activated aryl halide. The synthesis of PAEK with the nucleophilic substitution reaction carried out as partially hydrolyzed homopolycondensation of phenolates and aromatic dihalides containing a carbonyl group in the molecule and derivatives of polycondensation of aromatic bisphenols with activated aromatic dihalides, and aromatic nitro compounds. The nucleophilic substitution of halogen in aryldihalogens proceeds through formation of Meisenheimer complex, where the negative charge of the electron-electron ring stabilizes the group. The high efficiency of the synthesis of PAEK with nucleophilic substitution reaction is mainly determined with several factors, the main of which are: 1) the structure of the starting monomers; 2) the nature of the solvent; 3) the nature of phenolate; 4) side reactions. For these materials it was revealed that the ratio of nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents has pronounced effect on the molecular weight of the obtained polymer, without affecting the poly dispersion. PAEK synthesis processes are optimized by controlling the replacement of some of the monomers, the temperature and concentration of reactants change. It was shown that the polyarylene ether ketones and copolymers have a high thermal heat resistance, mechanical properties. They show considerable heat resistance in air, capable of forming a transparent film and melts. Thus, data of literature review show that the nucleophilic substitution reaction is promising for PAEK synthesis of various chemical structures and produces polymers having valuable properties.
STUDYING OF POLYCRYSTALS STRUCTURE BASED ON DIAMOND MICROPOWDERS AFTER MODIFYING BY CARBIDE-FORMING ELEMENTS
Authors: Senyut Vladimir T. , Zhornik Victor I. , Parnitskiy Aleksandr M. , Val’kovich Igor V.
Published: July 2018

Results of thermobaric processing of diamond micropowders after their modifying by silicon, titan and tungsten are presented. The composite diamond micropowders such as diamond – silicon, diamond – titan and diamond – tungsten are received after the preliminary annealing in the protective atmosphere. As a result of agglomeration of the modified diamond micropowders under the conditions of high pressures and temperatures the carbides formation of the refractory compounds promoting sintering of diamond grains takes place.