bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing different nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques for data-driven unsteady fluid flow modeling
Authors: Csala Hunor , Dawson Scott T. M. , Arzani Amirhossein
Published: November 2022

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is known for producing high-dimensional spatiotemporal data. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have introduced a myriad of techniques for extracting physical information from CFD. Identifying an optimal set of coordinates for representing the data in a low-dimensional embedding is a crucial first step toward data-driven reduced-order modeling and other ML tasks. This is usually done via principal component analysis (PCA), which gives an optimal linear approximation. However, fluid flows are often complex and have nonlinear structures, which cannot be discovered or efficiently represented by PCA. Several unsupervised ML algorithms have been developed in other branches of science for nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NDR), but have not been extensively used for fluid flows. Here, four manifold learning and two deep learning (autoencoder)-based NDR methods are investigated and compared to PCA. These are tested on two canonical fluid flow problems (laminar and turbulent) and two biomedical flows in brain aneurysms. The data reconstruction capabilities of these methods are compared, and the challenges are discussed. The temporal vs spatial arrangement of data and its influence on NDR mode extraction is investigated. Finally, the modes are qualitatively compared. The results suggest that using NDR methods would be beneficial for building more efficient reduced-order models of fluid flows. All NDR techniques resulted in smaller reconstruction errors for spatial reduction. Temporal reduction was a harder task; nevertheless, it resulted in physically interpretable modes. Our work is one of the first comprehensive comparisons of various NDR methods in unsteady flows.
Structural, magnetic, and transport properties of epitaxial thin films of equiatomic quaternary CoFeCrGa Heusler alloy
Authors: Rani Deepika , Pandey Devendra K. , Kimura Yuta , Umetsu Rie Y. , Chatterjee Ratnamala
Published: November 2022

We present the first report on the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of epitaxial thin films of equiatomic quaternary CoFeCrGa, grown on a single crystal MgO(001) substrate. From the structure and surface morphology analyses, we have shown that the films grown are ordered, epitaxial, and homogeneous. Magnetic measurements confirm the soft ferromagnetic nature of the film along the in-plane direction with a coercivity of 4.6 Oe. The resistivity measurements indicate semiconducting nature with a very low temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) value, suggesting an almost temperature independent resistivity, similar to other reported spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs) among the Heusler alloys. A non-saturating, quantum linear magnetoresistance is observed even in high fields of up to 12 kOe, another prerequisite for gapless materials. Hall measurements are also performed, and a detailed analysis has been carried out to estimate the ordinary and anomalous Hall contributions. The conductivity value (σxx) at 300 K is found to be 4280 S cm−1, which is comparable with the other reported SGS materials. We have also studied the effect of L21 and B2 type disorder on the electronic properties based on the first principle calculations and found that the SGS nature in CoFeCrGa is quite robust against the Co–Fe swap disorder (L21 disorder); however, with swap disorder (≥25%) between Cr and Ga sites, the system transits from SGS to half-metallic state. All these results indicate the possibility of spin-gapless semiconducting nature in the CoFeCrGa film, making it highly suitable for spin-based device applications.
The new effect of oscillations of the total kinematic momentum vector of viscous fluid
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg
Published: November 2022

The new effect of oscillations of the total kinematic momentum is discovered in dynamics of viscous fluid in cylindrically symmetric pipe with no-slip condition at the boundary. Stability of oscillations with respect to small perturbations of infinite-dimensional family of parameters is proven. Exact solutions to the three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations without external forces (besides the friction forces at the pipe's boundary) are derived possessing any number of oscillations of average angular velocity and any number of oscillations of average shift of viscous fluid satisfying the no-slip boundary condition.
Polarization-selective magneto-optical modulation
Authors: Nayak Banoj Kumar , Buks Eyal
Published: November 2022

We study magneto-optical coupling in a ferrimagnetic sphere resonator made of yttrium iron garnet. We find that the resonator can be operated in the telecom band as a polarization-selective optical modulator. The input state of polarization (SOP) contributing to the Stokes sideband is orthogonal to the one contributing to the anti-Stokes sideband. In the region of single sideband modulation, the SOP of both sidebands is nearly orthogonal to the SOP of the incident light. Intermodulation gain can be employed in the nonlinear regime for amplification.
A transferrable range-separated force field for water: Combining the power of both physically-motivated models and machine learning techniques
Authors: Yang Lan , Li Jichen , Chen Feiyang , Yu Kuang
Published: November 2022

An accurate, transferrable, and computationally efficient potential energy surface is of paramount importance for all molecular mechanics simulations. In this work, by using water as an example, we demonstrate how one can construct a reliable force field by combining the advantages of both physically motivated and data-driven machine learning methods. Different from the existing water models based on molecular many-body expansion, we adopt a separation scheme that is completely based on distances, which is more convenient for generic molecular systems. The geometry dependence of atomic charges and dispersion coefficients are also introduced to improve the accuracy of the long-range part of the potential. The new potential provides a physically interpretable energy decomposition, and it is more accurate than the conventional physically motived potentials. Most importantly, through this study, we show that the information we learn from small clusters can be extrapolated into larger systems, thus providing a general recipe for the intermolecular force field development at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles plus perturbative triples level of theory in the future.
Frequency-dependent contact angle hysteresis in electrowetting
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Jia , Xie Yanbo
Published: November 2022

Contact angle hysteresis determines the stickiness of liquid on surfaces. Yet, the adjustment of contact angle hysteresis remains highly challenging and extremely work-intensive. Here, we reveal a quadratic growth of contact angle hysteresis upon strengthening the inhomogeneous electric field in electrowetting under both direct and alternating current supplies. The anomalous evolution of contact angles under alternating current supplies is quantitatively interpreted by the oscillation of electrowetting forces and the observability of the contact line motion in experiments. This work provides a feasible, reversible, and versatile approach for on-demand programing of droplet stickiness or sliding.
Aboriginal people’s perceptions of patient-reported outcome measures in the assessment of diabetes health-related quality of life†
Authors: Burgess Alicia , Hawkins Jessica , Kostovski Catherine , Kennedy Michelle , Penkala Stefania , Duncanson Kerith
Published: November 2022

Background Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide clinicians and consumers a platform to inform and improve healthcare planning and management. Aboriginal people experience disproportionately high rates of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Treatment and management require holistic approaches that draw on culturally relevant resources and assessment tools. This study explored perceptions of Aboriginal people about two diabetes management-related PROMs (PROMIS-29, PAID Scale). Methods Twenty-nine Aboriginal people living with diabetes in the Shoalhaven discussed two PROMs in one of four focus groups or at an individual interview. Preliminary data coding was conducted by clinician researchers, with thematic analysis overseen by Aboriginal co-researchers. Subsequent individual interviews with participants were undertaken to seek further feedback and articulate what is needed to improve methods of evaluating Aboriginal people’s self-reported quality of life and diabetes management. Results The PROMs did not capture information or knowledge that Aboriginal people considered relevant to their diabetes-related health care. Participants’ recommendations included adapting survey materials to be more culturally sensitive; for example, by improving the alignment of measures with common day-to-day activities. This study also describes a genuine collaborative, Aboriginal community-guided approach to evaluate ‘fit-for-purpose’ diabetes management tools. Conclusions Appropriate evaluation methods are paramount to address the disproportionate burden of diabetes experienced by Aboriginal peoples and overcome inverse diabetes care. Our learnings will contribute to development of tools, resources or methods that capture culturally tailored outcome measures. Study findings are relevant to clinicians and researchers using and/or developing Patient Reported Measures, particularly in relation to the practicality of tools for First Nations peoples.
Interference with LTβR signaling by tick saliva facilitates transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes
Authors: Jin Lin , Jiang Bao-Gui , Yin Yizhu , Guo Jingya , Jiang Jia-Fu , Qi Xiaopeng , Crispell Gary , Karim Shahid , Cao Wu-Chun , Lai Ren
Published: November 2022

Lyme spirochetes have coevolved with ticks to optimize transmission to hosts using tick salivary molecules (TSMs) to counteract host defenses. TSMs modulate various molecular events at the tick–host interface. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) is a vital immune receptor and plays protective roles in host immunity against microbial infections. We found that
Ltbr
knockout mice were more susceptible to Lyme disease spirochetes, suggesting the involvement of LTβR signaling in tick-borne
Borrelia
infection. Further investigation showed that a 15-kDa TSM protein from
Ixodes persulcatus
(
I. persulcatus
salivary protein; IpSAP) functioned as an immunosuppressant to facilitate the transmission and infection of Lyme disease spirochetes. IpSAP directly interacts with LTβR to block its activation, thus inhibiting the downstream signaling and consequently suppressing immunity. IpSAP immunization provided mice with significant protection against
I. persulcatus–
mediated
Borrelia garinii
infection. Notably, the immunization showed considerable cross-protection against other
Borrelia
infections mediated by other ixodid ticks. One of the IpSAP homologs from other ixodid ticks showed similar effects on Lyme spirochete transmission. Together, our findings suggest that LTβR signaling plays an important role in blocking the transmission and pathogenesis of tick-borne Lyme disease spirochetes, and that IpSAP and its homologs are promising candidates for broad-spectrum vaccine development.
The emergence and history oftuteo,voseoandustedeo
Authors: Lara Bermejo Víctor
Published: November 2022

The second person pronouns in Spanish have exhibited numerous variants along its history, not only regarding its stressed forms, but also the agreement that emerges in the inflecting elements that anchor these stressed pronouns. Despite the quantity of studies carried out aboutvoseo,tuteoandustedeo, none of them has argued what grammatical reasons underlie for so much variation, since they have focused on pragmatic and sociolinguistic patterns without going any further than a mere description. In this article, I aim to account for the linguistic features that have triggered all variants and person disagreements, for every case has undergone the same grammatical process.
Tailoring coil geometry for secondary heating of substrate towards the development of induction heating-based wire additive manufacturing
Authors: Prasad Avadh Kishore , Kapil Sajan , Bag Swarup
Published: November 2022

Induction heating (IH), a clean energy source, is potentially used to develop wire additive manufacturing (AM) system. The optimised parameters that simultaneously melt the mild steel wire and raise the substrate temperature is established. A fully coupled thermal-electromagnetic model of AM system is developed to perform numerical experiments on temperature development. The proposed hybrid helical-pancake coil with circular cross-section melt the metallic wire and raise the substrate temperature to 1490 K. The hybrid coil provides rapid heating to the wire (2819 K) and substrate together by enhancing magnetic field strength. The experiments using high-frequency IH system (550 A and 353 kHz) with a 3-turn helical coil is validated with model results for 2 mm mild steel wire.
Clinical Services Addressing Violent Extremism: The Quebec Model
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Frounfelker Rochelle , Ngov Cindy , Crocker Anne
Published: November 2022

The association of ideologically motivated violence with mental health disorders raises specific challenges for security agencies and clinical services. The aim of this paper is to describe the clientele of a specialized intervention program based in Montreal, Quebec, in terms of type of violent ideology and clinical presentation. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 156 individuals referred for violent extremism who received clinical services between 2016 and 2021. Univariate statistics were used to present a description of client sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Roughly a third of clients referred for violent extremism presented non-ideologically based violence (32.6%), followed by 31.4% affiliated with far-right extremist ideology and over a quarter (25.6%) holding extremist views on gender. Over a third of these individuals had a stress-related (35.7%) and/or mood and anxiety disorder (36.9%), followed by 28% with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. The majority had some previous contact with mental health services. A significant number of clients displaying extremist discourses and/or actions needed psychiatric services but often failed to receive them because of the reluctance of clinicians to work with individuals perceived as high risk; in addition, individuals may be reluctant to engage in services perceived to be part of a socio-political system they reject. Specialized services are important as a means to provide mental health care to this group and also to develop knowledge and best practices for working with this clientele and provide consultation to mainstream mental health service providers.
Letting go: Dishevelled phase separation recruits Axin to stabilize β-catenin
Authors: Babcock Rachel L. , Pruitt Kevin
Published: November 2022

Dishevelled exerts a molecular force that guides cell fate, but how it does so remains enigmatic. In this issue, Kang et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202205069) show Dvl2 undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation to stabilize β-catenin by pulling Axin into its biomolecular condensate at the plasma membrane.
The evolution characteristics of surface charge on the gas–solid interface under the long-time co-action of DC-temperature gradient
Authors: Zhang Yi , Qi Bo , Yang Xiao , Wang Xin , Yang Zhuodong , Lu Licheng , Li Chengrong
Published: November 2022

The charge accumulation phenomenon at the gas–solid interface under the co-action of DC electric field and temperature gradient is of great significance, but its long-time evolution characteristics are still unclear. In this work, the accumulation and dissipation characteristics of the surface charge on the epoxy-SF6 interface within 216 h were obtained, indicating that, (a) the normal surface electric field is increased by the temperature gradient along the gas–solid interface, which results in a prominent increase in the surface charge density; (b) there are different evolution processes of surface charge in high and low temperature regions under the co-action of DC-temperature gradient, and the increase of the charge trap density caused by the degradation of solid material is considered to be an important reason for the charge evolution; (c) the total charge dissipation ratio within 600 s decreases with the increase of charging time in DC electric field, and the surface charge dissipates mainly to the gas side of the interface; (d) the large amount of charge accumulated at the interface distorts the surface electric field at the triple junction points. The total electric field strength at the low-temperature tri-junction point increases by 35.5%, while the direction of the tangential field at the high-temperature tri-junction point reverses during the long-time co-action of the DC-temperature gradient. The results of this work may be helpful to understand the long-time charge evolution characteristics of the gas–solid interface under the DC-temperature gradient and to reveal the failure mechanism of the gas–solid interface.
Improved Smith–Purcell free-electron laser based on quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Chen Zhaofu , Mao Leilei , Jin Mengmeng , Shi Xin
Published: November 2022

In this article, a method to enable efficient emission of coherent radiation by using an intense electron beam coupled with a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) is investigated. We present an analytical solution providing an intuitive round-trip phase condition to explain the origin of quasi-BICs of dielectric gratings. Numerical study of the beam–wave interaction shows that the electrons can be bunched by the synchronous space harmonic enhanced by the quasi-BIC, resulting in self-excited coherent oscillation and consequently efficient Smith–Purcell radiation. This work presents an interesting solution for coherent radiation sources, and may find application in communications and physics.
Gliding arc discharge used for water activation: the production mechanism of aqueous NO and its role in sterilization
Authors: Zhu Mengying , Wang Zifeng , Chen Jinkun , Liu Linbo , Xi Wang , Zhang Fugao , Guo Li , Liu Dingxin , Rong Mingzhe
Published: November 2022

Gliding arc is a promising plasma technology for water activation due to its high energy efficiency for producing reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which is believed as the key agent for the sustained bactericidal effect of plasma-activated water (PAW). Nitric oxide (NO) is the major product of gliding arc and also widely exists in PAW, but the production mechanism of aqueous NO and its role in sterilization have been little investigated before. In this paper, NO-rich plasma effluent gas is produced by gliding arc discharge and introduced into water to produce PAW. The concentrations of gaseous and aqueous reactive species are detected, which decrease with the increasing air flowrate of the gliding arc. To clarify the contribution of plasma-induced RNS on water activation, the NO + air mixed gas is used to simulate the plasma effluent gas, and the results show that the two gases have similar gaseous composition and aqueous NO yield. Compared with the NO + Ar mixed gas with the same NO proportion, the NO + air mixed gas produces much more aqueous NO, implying that the presence of O2 significantly enhances the production of aqueous NO. The sterilization experiments demonstrate the key role of aqueous NO in sterilization, but an acidic environment is necessary for aqueous NO to achieve a potent bactericidal effect.
Magnetic forces in paramagnetic fluids
Authors: Butcher Tim A , Coey J M D
Published: November 2022

An overview of the effect of a magnetic field gradient on fluids with linear magnetic susceptibilities is given. It is shown that two commonly encountered expressions, the magnetic field gradient force and the concentration gradient force for paramagnetic species in solution are equivalent for incompressible fluids. The magnetic field gradient and concentration gradient forces are approximations of the Kelvin force and Korteweg–Helmholtz force densities, respectively. The criterion for the appearance of magnetically induced convection is derived. Experimental work in which magnetically induced convection plays a role is reviewed.
Field-induced boson insulating states in a 2D superconducting electron gas with strong spin–orbit scatterings
Authors: Maniv Tsofar , Zhuravlev Vladimir
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of field-induced superconductor-to-insulator transitions observed experimentally in electron-doped SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interfaces, analyzed recently by menas of 2D superconducting fluctuations theory, is revisited with new insights associating it with the appearnace at low temperatures of field-induced boson insulating states. Within the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau functional approach, we pinpoint the origin of these states in field-induced extreme softening of fluctuation modes over a large region in momentum space, upon diminishing temperature, which drives Cooper-pair fluctuations to condense into mesoscopic puddles in real space. Dynamical quantum tunneling of Cooper-pair fluctuations out of these puddles, introduced within a phenomenological approach, which break into mobile single-electron states, contains the high-field resistance onset predicted by the exclusive boson theory.
Application of IPSO-MCKD-IVMD-CAF in the compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearing
Authors: Zhou Jun , Wu Shi-Shuai , Liu Tao , Wu Xing
Published: November 2022

The vibration signals of rolling bearings are mixed with a variety of noises and a variety of faults which are coupled to each other, and which make the fault frequencies interfere with each other. This in turn leads to difficulty of accurate extraction of the features of composite faults. Therefore, it is necessary not only to suppress the noise of vibration signals but also to separate and extract the features of compound faults. A compound fault feature extraction method based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm optimized maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD), improved variational mode decomposition (IVMD) and cyclic autocorrelation function (CAF), named IPSO-MCKD-IVMD-CAF is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of MCKD are selected adaptively by the IPSO, and the original signal is pre-processed by the parameterized MCKD. Secondly, the IVMD is utilized to decompose the signal, several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained, the kurtosis and correlation coefficients of each IMF component are calculated. Finally, appropriate IMF components are selected by kurtosis and correlation coefficient to be superimposed into the reconstructed signals, and the reconstructed signals are analyzed by CAF. The proposed method has been successfully applied in simulation and measured vibration signal analysis, and the features of compound faults can be separated and extracted with high accuracy. The IPSO algorithm shortens the optimization time, and the IVMD solves the parameter selection problem. The analysis results of simulation case and measured data show the advantages of the proposed method IPSO-MCKD-IVMD-CAF. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method not only increases the accuracy of compound fault feature extraction, but also has a very good performance on the separation and extraction of compound fault features. More importantly, the improved algorithm reduces the computational complexity.
Colloidal synthesis of monodisperse trimetallic Pt–Fe–Ni nanocrystals and their enhanced electrochemical performances
Authors: Li Can , Pan Jinfong , Zhang Lihua , Fang Jiye
Published: November 2022

Among the multi-metallic nanocatalysts, Pt-based alloy nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated promising performance in fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Herein, we demonstrate a facile colloidal synthesis of monodisperse trimetallic Pt–Fe–Ni alloy NCs through a co-reduction of metal precursors. The as-synthesized ternary NCs exhibit superior mass and specific activities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which are ∼2.8 and 5.6 times as high as those of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst, respectively. The ORR activity of the carbon-supported Pt–Fe–Ni nanocatalyst is persistently retained after the durability test. Owing to the incorporation of Fe and Ni atoms into the Pt lattice, the as-prepared trimetallic Pt-alloy electrocatalyst also manifestly enhances the electrochemical activity and durability toward the oxygen evolution reaction with a reduced overpotential when compared with that of the benchmark Pt/C (△η = 0.20 V, at 10 mA cm−2). This synthetic strategy paves the way for improving the reactivity for a broad range of electrocatalytic applications.
Suspended 3D metallic dimers with sub-10 nm gap for high-sensitive SERS detection
Authors: Zeng Pei , Zhou Yuting , Shu Zhiwen , Liang Huikang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chen Yiqin , Duan Huigao , Zheng Mengjie
Published: November 2022

The suspended metallic nanostructures with tiny gaps have certain advantages in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) due to the coaction of the tiny metallic nanogaps and the substrate-decoupled electromagnetism resonant modes. In this study, we used the lithographic HSQ/PMMA electron-beam bilayer resist exposure combined with a deposition-induced nanogap-narrowing process to define elevated suspended metallic nanodimers with tiny gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection. By adjusting the deposited metal thickness, the metallic dimers with sub-10 nm gaps can be reliably obtained. These dimers with tunable nanogaps successfully served as excellent SERS substrates, exhibiting remarkable high-sensitivity detection ability for crystal violet molecules. Systematic experiments and simulations were conducted to explain the origin of the improved SERS performance. The results showed that the 3D elevated suspended metallic dimers could achieve a higher SERS enhancement factor than the metallic dimers on HSQ pillars and a common Si substrate, demonstrating that this kind of suspended metallic dimer is a promising route for high-sensitive SERS detection and other plasmonic applications.
Cathodoluminescence and optical absorption spectroscopy of plasmonic modes in chromium micro-rods
Authors: Ghorai Gurupada , Ghosh Kalyan , Das Bidyadhar , Sahoo Subhashree , Patra Bikash , Samal Prasanjit , Sahoo Pratap K
Published: November 2022

Manipulating light at the sub-wavelength level is a crucial feature of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties for a wide range of nanostructures. Noble metals like Au and Ag are most commonly used as SPR materials. Significant attention is being devoted to identify and develop non-noble metal plasmonic materials whose optical properties can be reconfigured for plasmonic response by structural phase changes. Chromium (Cr) which supports plasmon resonance, is a transition metal with shiny finished, highly non-corrosive, and bio-compatible alloys, making it an alternative plasmonic material. We have synthesized Cr micro-rods from a bi-layer of Cr/Au thin films, which evolves from face centered cubic to hexagonal close packed (HCP) phase by thermal activation in a forming gas ambient. We employed optical absorption spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging spectroscopy to observe the plasmonic modes from the Cr micro-rod. The origin of three emission bands that spread over the UV–Vis-IR energy range is established theoretically by considering the critical points of the second-order derivative of the macroscopic dielectric function obtained from density functional theory (DFT) matches with interband/intraband transition of electrons observed in density of states versus energy graph. The experimentally observed CL emission peaks closely match the s–d and d–d band transition obtained from DFT calculations. Our findings on plasmonic modes in Cr(HCP) phase can expand the range of plasmonic material beyond noble metal with tunable plasmonic emissions for plasmonic-based optical technology.
Position estimation using neural networks in semi-monolithic PET detectors
Authors: Freire M , Barrio J , Cucarella N , Valladares C , Gonzalez-Montoro A , de Alfonso C , Benlloch J M , Gonzalez A J
Published: November 2022

Objective. The goal of this work is to experimentally compare the 3D spatial and energy resolution of a semi-monolithic detector suitable for total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanners using different surface crystal treatments and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) models. Approach. An array of 1 × 8 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) slabs of 25.8 × 3.1 × 20 mm3 separated with Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) was coupled to an array of 8 × 8 SiPMs. Three different treatments for the crystal were evaluated: ESR + RR + B, with lateral faces black (B) painted and a retroreflector (RR) layer added to the top face; ESR + RR, with lateral faces covered with ESR and a RR layer on the top face and; All ESR, with lateral and top sides with ESR. Additionally, two SiPM array models from Hamamatsu Photonics belonging to the series S13361-3050AE-08 (S13) and S14161-3050AS-08 (S14) have been compared. Coincidence data was experimentally acquired using a 22Na point source, a pinhole collimator, a reference detector and moving the detector under study in 1 mm steps in the x- and DOI- directions. The spatial performance was evaluated by implementing a neural network (NN) technique for the impact position estimation in the x- (monolithic) and DOI directions. Results. Energy resolution values of 16 ± 1%, 11 ± 1%, 16 ± 1%, 15 ± 1%, and 13 ± 1% were obtained for the S1
3-ESR + B + RR, S1
3-All ESR, S14-ESR + B + RR, S14-ESR + RR, and S14-All ESR, respectively. Regarding positioning accuracy, mean average error of 1.1 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 1.3 ± 0.5 were estimated for the x- direction and 1.7 ± 0.8, 2.0 ± 0.9 and 2.2 ± 1.0 for the DOI- direction, for the ESR + B + RR, ESR + RR and All ESR cases, respectively, regardless of the SiPM model. Significance. Overall, the obtained results show that the proposed semi-monolithic detectors are good candidates for building TB-PET scanners.
Absorption efficiency of the second harmonic ECRH waves and comparative plasma transport simulation in the TJ-II stellarator and T-10 tokamak
Authors: Dnestrovskij Yu N , Melnikov A V , Lopez-Bruna D , Dnestrovskij A Yu , Cherkasov S V , Danilov A V , Eliseev L G , Khabanov P O , Lysenko S E , Sychugov D Yu
Published: November 2022

The concept of equivalent tokamak and stellarator discharges with the same electron and ion temperatures and with full absorption of the injected ECRH power was introduced in Dnestrovskij et al (2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
63 055012). In the present paper, the concept of the discharges equivalence is extended to the case of partial ECRH power absorption. The conditions of discharges equivalence for this case are formulated. It is shown that in equivalent discharges not only the electron temperatures, but also the absorbed powers are the same. Examples of equivalent experimental discharges of the TJ-II stellarator and simulated discharges of the T-10 tokamak with partial ECRH power absorption are studied. The absorbed ECRH power and energy confinement time are found for TJ-II low-density shots heated with ECRH only.
Expected radiation environment and damage for YBCO tapes in compact fusion reactors
Authors: Torsello D , Gambino D , Gozzelino L , Trotta A , Laviano F
Published: November 2022

We investigate the neutron damage expected in high-temperature superconducting tapes that will be employed in compact fusion reactors. Monte Carlo simulations yield the expected neutron spectrum and fluence at the magnet position, from which the primary knock-on atom energy distributions can be computed for each atomic species comprising the superconductor. This information is then employed to characterize the displacement cascades, in terms of size and morphology, through molecular dynamics simulations. The expected radiation environment is then compared with the neutron spectrum and fluences achievable at the facilities currently available for experimental investigation in order to highlight similarities and differences that could be relevant to the understanding of the radiation hardness of these materials in real fusion conditions. We find that the different neutron spectra result in different damage regimes, the irradiation temperature influences the number of generated defects, and the interaction of the neutrons with the superconductor results in a local increase in temperature. These observations suggest that further experimental investigations are needed in different regimes and that some neutron shielding will be necessary in compact fusion reactors.
Interconversion of exceptional points between different orders in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Xiao Yi-Xin , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Chan C T , Lei Dangyuan
Published: November 2022

Singularities of non-Hermitian systems typified by exceptional points (EPs) are critical for understanding non-Hermitian topological phases and trigger many intriguing phenomena. However, it remains unexplored what happens when EPs meet one another. Here, in a typical four-level model with both touching and crossing intersections of EP hypersurfaces, we report the interconversion mechanisms between EPs of different orders. By examining both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we show analytically that all EPs of higher orders are formed at the touching intersections of two different types of EP hypersurfaces of lower orders. Contrarily, the crossing intersection of EP structures lowers the order of EPs. The mechanisms of the increase and decrease in defectiveness discovered here are expected to hold for EPs of any order in various non-Hermitian systems, providing a comprehensive understanding of EPs and inspiration toward advanced applications such as biosensing and information processing.
Spherically symmetric wormholes in minimally coupled f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Yousaf Z , Bhatti M Z , Rasheed M
Published: November 2022

In this manuscript, we construct a spherical thin shell wormhole in the background of the minimally coupled f(R, T) model. In this gravitational theory, f is an arbitrary functional form that depends on the Ricci scalar (R) as well as the trace of stress-energy tensor (T). To continue our systematic analysis, we use a cut and paste approach to link two surfaces, i.e., interior and exterior. We find energy-momentum density along with surface pressure for f(R, T) gravitational f(R, T) = R + α
R
2 + λ
T model, by using the Lanczos equation. We utilize the polytropic equation of state to check the dynamical behavior of the wormhole. A standard potential approach is applied to check the stability of constructed wormhole with throat radius a
0. Graphical analysis shows that the stability regions of wormholes rely on the specific values mass M to charge Q ratio.
Gaussian processes reconstruction of the dark energy potential
Authors: Jesus J.F. , Valentim R. , Escobal A.A. , Pereira S.H. , Benndorf D.
Published: November 2022

Scalar Fields (SF) have emerged as natural candidates for dark energy as quintessential or phantom fields, as they are the main ingredient of inflation theories. Instead of assuming some form for the scalar field potential, however, this work reconstructs the SF potential directly from observational data, namely, Hubble and SNe Ia data. We show that two popular forms for the SF potentials, namely, the power-law and the quadratic free-field, are compatible with the reconstructions thus obtained, at least for some choices of the priors of the matter density and curvature parameters and for some redshift intervals.
Searching for Pulsars with Phase Characteristics
Authors: Peng Bo , Hu Qian-Chen , Li Qiang , Qian Lei , Dong Xiao-Bo , Peng Shi-Lin , Wang Ze-Lin
Published: November 2022

We present a method by using the phase characteristics of radio observation data for pulsar search and candidate identification. The phase characteristics are relations between the pulsar signal and the phase correction in the frequency-domain, and we regard it as a new search diagnostic characteristic. Based on the phase characteristics, a search method is presented: calculating dispersion measure (DM)—frequency data to select candidate frequencies, and then confirming of candidates by using the broadband characteristics of pulsar signals. Based on this method, we performed a search test on short observation data of M15 and M71, which were observed by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, and some of the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey data. Results show that it can get similar search results to PRESTO (PulsaR Exploration and Search TOolkit) while having a faster processing speed.
Ag-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for flexible near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Sa Zixu , Liu Fengjing , Liu Dong , Wang Mingxu , Zhang Jie , Yin Yanxue , Pang Zhiyong , Zhuang Xinming , Wang Peng , Yang Zaixing
Published: November 2022

High-quality narrow bandgap semiconductors nanowires (NWs) challenge the flexible near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors in next-generation imaging, data communication, environmental monitoring, and bioimaging applications. In this work, complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible metal of Ag is deposited on glass as the growth catalyst for the surfactant-assisted chemical vapor deposition of GaSb NWs. The uniform morphology, balance stoichiometry, high-quality crystallinity, and phase purity of as-prepared NWs are checked by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of as-prepared NWs are studied by constructing back-gated field-effect-transistors, displaying a high I
on/I
off ratio of 104 and high peak hole mobility of 400 cm2/(V·s). Benefiting from the excellent electrical and mechanical flexibility properties, the as-fabricated NW flexible NIR photodetector exhibits high sensitivity and excellent photoresponse, with responsivity as high as 618 A/W and detectivity as high as 6.7 × 1010 Jones. Furthermore, there is no obvious decline in NIR photodetection behavior, even after parallel and perpendicular folding with 1200 cycles.
Determination of sensitivity coefficients and their uncertainties in Rockwell hardness measurement: a Monte Carlo method for multiple linear regression
Authors: Rizza Pierluigi , Murgia Marcello , Prato Andrea , Origlia Claudio , Germak Alessandro
Published: November 2022

In the last few decades, many researchers have been studying how hardness measurements can be affected by possible influence variables (i.e. velocity of the indenter, dwell times, temperature, etc). This interest is particularly motivated by the newly adopted international definitions for the realization of Rockwell superficial hardness scales (HR45N, HR30N and HR15N) provided by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities of Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, which deal with all the above-mentioned parameters. In this paper, the effect of two such parameters, namely the velocity of the final load application and the time interval of the force variation from the preliminary force value to the total force value, on superficial Rockwell hardness scales at different levels is studied and the related sensitivity coefficients are determined. The coefficients obtained are in the order of 10−3 HR s μm−1 and 10−2 HR s−1, respectively, in agreement with other National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), i.e. NIST and NPL. However, the uncertainties associated by the other NMIs are usually underestimated since they are simply given as the standard deviation calculated from the ordinary least squares method for the multiple linear regression, or, in other cases, not reported. For this reason, we propose a methodology for calculating the uncertainties of the sensitivity coefficients via a Monte Carlo method applied to multiple linear regression in order to consider the variability of both input and output quantities: with this method, the squared uncertainties are given as the squared sum of the standard deviation calculated from the ordinary least squares method and the uncertainty contribution due to the repeatability obtained via the proposed Monte Carlo method. The proposed method yields uncertainties of about 10−2 HR, while the uncertainties reported in other related published papers are in the order of 10−3 HR.
Experimental evaluation of avalanche type of electron heat transport in magnetic confinement plasmas
Authors: Kin F. , Itoh K. , Bando T. , Shinohara K. , Oyama N. , Yoshida M. , Kamiya K. , Sumida S.
Published: November 2022

Turbulent transport is undoubtedly important in magnetic confinement plasmas. It has been reported that a lot of transport dynamics are not satisfying the local diffusive models. Here, we report the quantitative measurement of electron heat flux associated with ballistic propagating long-range transport events, which is considered to be a component of avalanches. In addition, we show the first observations of the substantial impact of avalanche-driven transport on profile resilience (or profile stiffness) observed in JT-60U. We found that, in the channel of the electron heat flux, the ratio between the increment of the avalanche-driven component to that of the total plasma heating becomes dominant (∼80%) in the case of the high-heating limit. This suggests a possible role for avalanche-driven transport to induce profile resilience, which has been evidenced by flux-driven simulations.
Define indicators for health protocol assessment at Prambanan Temple Tourism Park Yogyakarta
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Leony Linda Anggita , Ekawati  , Arvianto Ary , Oryzanti Parwa
Published: November 2022

Health protocols to control the Covid-19 outbreak must be applied in tourist attractions to maintain the health and safety of visitors. Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia also develop the CHSE (Clean, Health, Safety, Environment) standard. This study aims to develop indicators for the assessment of the health protocol. Literature study of various regulations issued done to identify indicators and then validated by experts. The selection of indicators is carried out by a cut-off point method and tested by implementing the assessment of CHSE to Prambanan Temple park. The Health Protocol Assessment Indicators for tourist attractions consist of 9 criteria, 38 sub-criteria, and 136 Indicators. The focus of the indicator is on the availability of various facilities for visitors consisting of hygiene, health, convenience, magnificence facilities, and other facilities that support tourism sustainability.
New risk assessment and prioritization failure modes based approach in a gas turbine system
Authors: Chakhrit A , Bougofa M , Guetarni I H M , Nehal N , Bouafia A , Ghazli F Z , Kharzi R , Chennoufi M
Published: November 2022

The dependability occupies a strong place in the performance achievement of the system. It describes the mechanisms that lead to failures of systems. Failure mode and effects, analysis (FMEA) is a classical safety technique widely used in several safety critical industries. This method uses the risk priority number (RPN) to assess the criticality value and prioritize failure modes. However, it suffers from some drawbacks regarding the situation where the in-formation provided is ambiguous or uncertain. Thus, in this work, a fuzzy criticality assessment based approach is carried out to evaluate the failure modes of the relevant system and gives an alternate prioritizing to that obtained by the conventional method. In addition, a novel hybrid approach is proposed that combines the grey relational approach (GRA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. This approach offers a new ranking of failure modes by solving the shortcoming concerning the lack of established rules of inference system which necessitate a lot of experience and shows the weightage or importance to the three parameters severity, detection, and frequency, which are considered to have equal importance in the traditional method. A real case study from a gas turbine system provides encouraging results regarding the risk evaluation and prioritizing failures mode with handling different forms of ambiguity, uncertainty, and divergent judgments of experts.
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Derived from Green Mussel Shells Extracted from Magnesium Chloride Containing Solution
Authors: Irfa’i M.A. , Prihanto A. , Muryanto S. , Jamari J. , Ismail R. , Bayuseno A.P.
Published: November 2022

Green mussel shells are one of the calcium carbonate-rich biogenic sources. They contain 95.7 to 98.2 wt. % calcium. The high calcium content of green mussel shells was extracted and converted into calcium oxide material in the study by calcination at 900°C for 5 h. Later, at stirring times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, a solution medium containing magnesium chloride was used to dissolve the resulting calcination powder and subsequent carbonation for producing PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate). According to XRD, Rietveld, and FTIR analyses, the resulting PCC product with calcite-containing Mg was obtained primarily for a short stirring time of 30 minutes during the carbonation process, whereas calcite and aragonite were generated at longer stirring times (from 60 to 90 minutes). Instead, brucite was obtained after 120 minutes of stirring. The PCC product has a non-uniform polyhedrallic morphology of various small and large sizes as observed by SEM. This powder processing method allowed for faster PCC synthesis at a lower cost while requiring no chemical addition to increase basicity.
Medical waste management improvement in several private hospitals in Amanat Al-Asimah –Yemen
Authors: Zaid Adeeb Hayel , Sumiyati Sri , Huboyo Haryono Setiyo
Published: November 2022

Handling medical waste presents several environmental challenges in most Yemeni hospitals that need immediate attention before they get out of control. This study aims to assess current practices of medical waste management in some of the major private hospitals in Amanat AlAsimah-Yemen. This study relied on several methods of data collection, visits, observation, and interviews with health cadres, cleaners, and workers in the municipality, with the use of a checklist that contains several questions and then follow-up. The results of the study, which were conducted in the four largest private hospitals in Amanat Al-Asimah, which are the Science and Technology Hospital, Azal Hospital, European Modern Hospital, Dr. Abdul Qader Al Mutawakil Hospital showed that there were no independent and specialized administrative units within the hospitals studied how to manage, follow up on the collection, transport, and disposal of medical waste and the lack of laws and regulations on medical waste management and how to deal with them. Moreover, liquid medical waste is discharged through a sewage network that is treated only from organic matter regardless of harmful chemicals that in turn affect humans, the environment, and agriculture.
A study of work-culture changes at post Covid-19 pandemic in greater Jakarta
Authors: Tarigan Surya Gunanta , Mannan Khalid Abdul , Uddin Nur
Published: November 2022

This paper presents an examination of culture change in working places due to the Covid-19 pandemic, with a study case in the Greater Jakarta. During the Covid-19 pandemic, most of companies around the world made policy for the employee to work from home (WFH). Implementation of the WFH policy has showed a great success not only in keeping the employee safety and health but also in maintaining employee performance. Now, the pandemic has been shifting to endemic such that working culture is going to change. Health, safety, and flexibility are being keywords of the new working culture. This study assessed the employee perspective about a trend of workplace changing and the needs of supporting facilities. The assessment was done through a survey and analysing the survey data. The result show different types of working system, where 66% work from office, 30% work in hybrid system, 2% work from home, and 2% work from anywhere.