bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Video Likes To Video Views Ratio Tiktok Pada 5 Team E-Sport Terkaya Di Dunia
Authors: Putra I Gede Dian Manika
Published: December 2021

TikTok adalah aplikasi media sosial yang diluncurkan oleh perusahaan China. TikTok memungkinkan penggunanya membuat video berdurasi 15 detik disertai musik, filter, dan beberapa fitur kreatif lainnya. Berdasarkan data statistik Tiktok per 27 September 2021, terdapat lebih dari 1 miliar pengguna aktif dan hampir 700 juta pengguna global aktif bulanan, menjadikan Tiktok sebagai aplikasi yang paling banyak diunduh di dunia. Banyaknya pengguna aktif TikTok di dunia tentunya dapat memberikan peluang bagi tim e-sports untuk menjadikan platform TikTok sebagai platform hiburan media sosial. Adapun 5 Team E-sports Terkaya di Dunia yang menggunakan TikTok sebagai platform hiburan, diantaranya yaitu: Team SoloMid, Cloud9, Team Liquid, FaZe Clan, dan 100 Thieves. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung kredibilitas kinerja akun TikTok dari 5 Tim E-Sport Terkaya di Dunia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Team Liquid menduduki peringkat pertama dan memiliki kredibilitas kinerja akun yang baik.
Gender inequality increases during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Quan Tran Anh , Quynh Nguyen Nhu , Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: December 2021

Bất bình đẳng giới gia tăng trong đại dịch COVID-19
"This is Calabar South; shine your eyes" : Urbanization and Insecurity in Nigeria, case study of Calabar metropolis and its effects on state- society relations
Authors: Oyosoro Felix Idongesit
Published: December 2021

It is common to describe some parts (especially the satellite zones) in the metropolitan areas of Nigeria as hot spots for crimes or high-risk zones: Ikorodu in Lagos, Ikwere in Rivers State, Warri in Delta State, etc. From this context, it is obvious that some areas possess characteristics that encourage or entrench crime and violence. This paper focuses on one of such contemporary high-risk zones in Cross River State, Nigeria: the Calabar South. We argue that the accelerated growth of urbanization has amplified the demand for key services in Calabar metropolis and that the provision of shelter and basic services such as water and sanitation, education, public health, employment, and transport has not kept pace with this increasing demand. Therefore, accelerated and poorly managed urbanization has resulted in various types of atmospheric, land and water pollution, and violent crimes which in turn jeopardize human security in the area and creates hate-sentiments between the dwellers of Calabar South and the administrative authorities. We utilize qualitative research methodology. Oral interviews and questionnaires serve as primary sources utilized while an extensive literature represents the secondary sources utilized here-in. We arrived at the conclusion that the increased environmental, social and economic problems associated with rapid urbanization are the causes of high-risk zones.
SOSIOANTROPOLOGI BUDAYA, GIZI DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Jannah Andi Miftahul
Published: December 2021

Makanan merupakan wujud dari kebudayaan manusia oleh karena dalam prosese pengololahan bahan –bahan mentah sehingga menjadi makanan , begitu pula dalam perwujudunnya , cara penyajiannya dan pengkonsumsiannya sampai menjadi tradisi , hanya mungkin terjadi karena adanya dukungan dan adanya hubungan kait mengakait dengan berbagai aspek yang ada dalam kehiudapan sosial dan dengan berbagai unsur kebudayaan yang ada dalam masyarakat tersebut. Maka demikian pula dengan makanan sebagai konsep kebudayaan dan sebagai benda material serta kelakuan kebudayaan dan sosial , akan dilihat dan dipahami dalam kaitannya dengan kebudayaan dan sistem sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat yang bersangkuatan.
Sosio Antropologi
Authors: Hasyim Nurul Bahjah
Published: December 2021

Adanya berbagai jenis makanan dari setiap komunitas dan wilayah di masyarakat. Jenis makanan yang terdapat di wilayah yang satu dengan wilayah lainnya dapat berbeda sesuai dengan kebudayaan di wilayah tersebut. Contoh kebiasaan masyarakat di wilayah Papua dalam mengonsumsi sagu, sehingga banyak olahan makanan yang mereka hasilkan dari sagu, seperti papeda, es cendol sagu, kue bahwa sagu dan lain sebagainya. Pengaruh budaya lain seperti kebiasaan orang Indonesia mengonsumsi nasi, sehingga banyak pula olahan dari nasi seperti nasi kuning, nasi goreng, dan masih banyak lagi. Sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan negara India, bahan pangan pokok mereka adalah gandum, sehingga menghasilkan olahan Gandung seperti chapatti. Kebudayaan ini memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap pangan dan olahan pangan dari suatu wilayah, hal ini juga bergantung pada sumber daya alam yang melimpah di wilayah tersebut, seperti di Papua banyak di tumbuhi pohon sagu, di Indonesia produksi padi sangat berlimpah sehingga menjadikannya sebagai bahan pokok dalam berbagai olahan makanan di Indonesia.
PASAR DAN PEMASARAN
Authors: Islami Adelia Nurul
Published: December 2021

Menurut Kotler 1999 pasar merupakan seperangkat pembeli aktual dan potensial dari sebuah produk atau jasa. Ukuran dari pasar sendiri tergantung pada jumlah orang yang menunjukan kebutuhan, memiliki kemampuan dalam pertukaran. SedangkanPemasaran merupakan salah satu dari kegiatan-kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan oleh para pengusaha dalam usahanya untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya, untuk berkembang dan untuk mendapatkan laba. Berhasil tidaknya dalam pencapaian tujuan bisnis tergantung kepada keahlian pengusaha di bidang pemasaran, produksi, keuangan maupun bidang lain. Selain itu tergantung pula pada kemampuan pengusaha untuk mengkombinasikan fungsi-fungsi tersebut agar usaha perusahaan dapat berjalan lancar. Peran strategi pemasaran merupakan upaya mencari posisi pemasaran yang menguntungkan dalam suatu industri atau arena fundamental persaingan berlangsung. Pemasaran di suatu perusahaan, selain bertindak dinamis juga harus selalu menerapkan prinsip-prinsip yang unggul dan perusahaan harus meninggalkan kebiasaan - kebiasaan lama yang sudah tidak berlaku serta terus menerus melakukan strategi pemasaran, karena sekarang bukanlah jaman dimana produsen memaksakan kehendak terhadap konsumen, melainkan sebaliknya konsumen memaksakan kehendaknya terhadap produsen, Strategi pemasaran yang efektif, salah satunya dapat dilihat dari stabilitas tingkat penjualan atau akan lebih baik bila dapat meningkat dari tahun ke tahun sesuai dengan kuantitas/kualitatif produk yang mampu diproduksi oleh perusahaan.
Analisis Video Comments to Likes Ratio Tiktok Pada 5 Merek Smartphone Terlaris di Dunia
Authors: Semadi Gusti Agung Dikse
Published: December 2021

TikTok merupakan aplikasi sosial media yang diluncurkan oleh perusahaan asal Tiongkok.TikTok memungkinkan penggunanya membuat video berdurasi 15 detik yang disertai denganmusik, filter, dan beberapa fitur kreatif lainnya. Di Indonesia terdapat 30,7 juta penggunayang aktif sehingga menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara dengan pengguna TikTok terbesardi dunia. Maraknya jumlah pengguna TikTok yang aktif di Indonesia tentu dapat memberikanpeluang bagi brand untuk menjadikan platform TikTok sebagai platform social mediamarketing. Adapun 5 merek smartphone terlaris di Dunia yang memanfaatkan TikToksebagai platform marketing, yaitu : Oppo Indonesia, Samsung Indonesia, Vivo Indonesia,Xiaomi Indonesia, dan Realme Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitungkredibilitas dari performa akun TikTok Top 5 Merek Smartphone Terlaris di Dunia. Metodeyang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu metode eksploratif kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitianini menunjukan bahwa vendor smartphone Oppo Indonesia mendapatkan peringkat pertamadan memiliki kredibilitas performa akun yang baik.
SOSIOLOGI ANTROPOLOGI GIZI DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Lilis
Published: December 2021

Kata antropologi merupakan dua suku kata yang mana dalam bahasa Yunani disebut dengan Antrhopos dan Logos. Antropos mempunyai arti manusia dan logo adalah ilmu. Apabila di artikan secara harfiah maka antropologi mempunyai arti sebuah ilmu yang mempelajari manusia dari sudut pandang keanekaragaman fisik dan kebudayaannya.
AKTUALISASI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM GEREJA SEBAGAI DASAR PELAKSANAAN MISI
Authors: Ananda Winda Resti
Published: December 2021

Christian Religious Education is a strong, firm, and fundamental Christian commitment in church ministry. If the church ignores teaching, then the church becomes static, lives in ignorance of faith, and means nothing. The task of the church is to equip and teach the members of the congregation to remain faithful to God and carry out his commands. This task remains relevant and must be continuously updated according to the demands of needs, developments, challenges, and contexts. With education, the church helps believers so that they can live as disciples of Christ, be able to apply their faith in daily life, and make Christian Religious Education the basis for carrying out missions. A person's spiritual growth does not occur because of his status as a Christian, or because of his faithfulness to follow church services. Therefore, the entire existence of the church in its ministry must be centered on planned and continuous teaching.
Sosio Antropologi
Authors: Putri Amelia
Published: December 2021

Sosio Antropologi, Pola budaya terhadap makanan dan gizi
Principles of Melbourne Connect
Authors: Turpin Andrew , Gruba Paul
Published: December 2021

Melbourne Connect is a new initiative partnership between The University of Melbourne and industry groups. It is the centrepiece of a new innovation ecosystem connected to the university. In this paper we outlined the motivation and methods used to define a set of underlying principles for the operation of the innovation ecosystem.
Sosio Antropologi Gizi dan Kesehatan
Authors: Purnamasari.A Andi Wulan
Published: December 2021

Materi ini terkait sosio antropologi gizi dan kesehatan
Penerapan kaidah اَلتَّابِعُ تَابِعٌ dalam jual beli tanah dan jual beli hewan
Authors: asyam Muhammad zahid nur , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: December 2021

Formulasi fiqh yang telah terkodifikasi pada era zaman dahulu merupakan hasil komunikasi antara teks wahyu dengan keadaan yang melingkupi mujtahid pada masa itu, oleh karena itu sangat mungkin jika materi fiqh klasik dinilai tidak sesuai dengan kondisi kekinian. Lalu adanya pendekatan fiqh dengan adanya komunikasi antara teks dengan keadaan menjadikan fiqh bersifat reseptif, humanis dan aplikatif. Pendekatan fiqh selama ini sangat beragam, seperti melalui pendekatan ushul al-fiqh dan kaidah fiqh. Kedua pendekatan tersebut bisa dinilai masih mampu merumuskan fiqh yang sesuai dengan kondisi kekinian karena melalui pendekatan deduktif dan induktif dalam masa ini.Pendekatan fiqh yang bersifat induktif dirasa lebih mampu menyelesaikan problematika sosial kekinian dengan meciptakan rumusan fiqh yang aplikatif tentunya yang berguna di era sekarang, bukan normatif. Pendekatan semacam ini dapat terwakili oleh pendekatan kaidah fiqh, mengingat kaidah fiqh merupakan kesimpulan esensi wahyu yang mengadung maqashiid al-shar’ yang terumuskan melalui istiqra’
KAIDAH AL-ADAH AL-MUHAKKAMAH : IMPLEMENTASI ‘URF PADA AKTIVITAS TRANSAKSI SECARA ONLINE
Authors: Rea Farhan Rajal Tuha , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: December 2021

Kaidah ini mengkaji tentang adat atau ‘urf yang mana merupakan suatu kebiasaan baik yang telah dilakukan oleh banyak orang seiring perkembangan zaman. Hal ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar hukum selaras dengan perkembangan nilai-nilai kebiasaan pada masyarakat. Pengetahuan terkait kaidah ini tentunya dapat diimplementasikan pada waktu dan tempat yang berbeda mengenai kondisi, situasi, dan kasus yang berlainan. Adat dan kebiasaan merupakan kaidah fikih asasi kelima yang mana terdapat dua istilah yang berkesinambungan. Istilah ‘urf sendiri terbagi menjadi dua, yakni ‘urf shahîh dan ’urf fâsid. ‘Urf shahîh adalah adat kebiasaan masyarakat yang masih dalam koridor syara’, sedangkan ‘urf fâsid merupakan adat kebiasaan masyarakat yang bertolak belakang dengan syara’. ‘Urf shahîh inilah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan hukum Islam karena sinkron dengan syariat Islam. Kemudian munculah istlilah yang disebut dengan al-‘Âdah al-Muhakkamah (hukum adat); Atau dengan ungkapan lain al- ‘Âdah al-Muhakkamah merupakan hukum syari’at yang dikukuhkan. Hal ini dapat dikorelasikan dengan zaman teknologi saat ini yang mana merupakan era digitalisasi. Begitupun dalam kegiatan ekonomi yang diakaitkan dengan teknologi. Dan islam pun telah mengikuti perkembangan zaman ini, dibuktikan dengan transaksi-transaksi digital yang dilakukan masyarakat muslim pada saat ini. Beraneka transaksi telah banyak dijumpai salah satunya adalah transaksi jual beli online. Dalam perspektif hukum perdata Indonesia, transaksi ini diperbolehkan dan dianggap sah selama sistem dan prosedurnya jelas sehingga tidak menyeleweng dari syariat islam.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA SUATU USAHA
Authors: Halim Ismail
Published: December 2021

Keberhasilan strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan tergantung pada analisa dan pengamatan yang cermat oleh perusahaan terhadap faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi strategi pemasaran perusahaan. Strategi pemasaran adalah logika pemasaran, dan berdasarkan itu, unit bisnis diharapkan untuk mencapai sasaran-sasaran pemasarannya. Strategi pemasaran perusahaan terdiri dari pengambilan keputusan tentang biaya pemasaran dari perusahaan, bauran pemasaran, dan alokasi pemasaran dalam hubungannya dengan keadaan lingkungan yang diharapkan dalam kondisi persaingan. Strategi pemasaran memerlukan suatu pengetahuan tentang keiginan konsumen yang ditujukan terhadap manfaat barang. Sehingga divisi penjualan harus mematangkan strategi pemasarannya lebih lanjut dan siap untuk mengubahnya sesuai dengan perubahan zaman dan kemajuan teknologi. Pemasaran merupakan salah satu kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan yaitu mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup untuk berkembang, dan mendapatkan laba. Pemasaran juga merupakan faktor penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Untuk itu kegiatan pemasaran harus dapat memberikan kepuasan konsumen jika perusahaan tersebut menginginkan usahanya tetap berjalan terus atau menginginkan konsumen mempunyai pandangan yang baik terhadap perusahaan. Strategi pemasaran adalah serangkaian rancangan yang bertujuan untuk memasarkan suatu produk kepada masyarakat, sehingga dapat mencapai target pasar salah satunya produk yang ditawarkan dapat terjual dan bisa menghasilkan keuntungan yang maksimal. Adapun fungsi dari stategi bisnis ini yaitu meningkatkan inovasi pengembangan bisnis, membuat koordinasi tim lebih efektif, merumuskan tujuan perusahaan, dan mengawasi kegiatan pemasaran. Adapun contoh strategi pemasaran adalah memanfaatkan mesin pencarian Google, membuka program afiliasi, menggunakan platform media sosial memaksimalkan konten, dan menggunakan jasa influencer. Adapun elemen strategi pemasaran yaitu produk, harga, promosi, tempat, dan orang-orang.
Research on the creativity of high school students in Da Nang city (Test TCT-DP)
Authors: Giang Pham Thao , Thu Phan Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2021

Creativity is an important personality quality of a person expressed through thoughts and actions, especially ideas or products, solutions that a person gives to a problem, and creativity is the key factor to help one stand out or be different from others. The characteristics of today's new society along with the development of 4.0 technology, the expression of creativity in students has had certain changes compared to the studies of the past years. The study was conducted on 222 students in Da Nang city, focusing on describing the current status of students' awareness about creativity and their creativity levels, learning about the expressions, components of creativity as well as analyzing the subjective and objective factors that affect creativity. : Research using questionnaire survey methods and in-depth interviews to survey the awareness on the creativity of high school students today, at the same time using creativity test TSD-Z (The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production) to test students' creativity level, analyze the development ability and the correlation between the components of creativity with respect to factors such as grade, gender, group of gifted or non-gifted schools, thereby finding out the factors affecting creativity in high school students.
SOSIOANTROPOLOGI GIZI DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Ningsih Andi Asma
Published: December 2021

SOSIOANTROPOLOGI GIZI DAN KESEHATAN
Large-Scale Controlled Experiment Demonstrates Effectiveness of Methane Leak Detection and Repair Programs at Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Wang Jiayang , Barlow Brenna , Funk Wes , Robinson Cooper , Brandt Adam , Ravikumar Arvind
Published: December 2021

The importance of reducing methane emissions from oil and gas operations as a near-term climate action is widely recognized. Most jurisdictions around the globe using leak detection and repair (LDAR) programs to find and fix methane leaks. In this work, we empirically evaluate the efficacy of LDAR programs using a large-scale, bottom-up, randomized controlled field experiment across ~200 oil and gas sites in Canada. We find that tanks are the single largest source of emissions, contributing to nearly 60% of total emissions. The average number of leaks at treatment sites that underwent repair reduced by ~50% compared to control sites. Although control sites did not see a reduction in the number of leaks, emissions reduced by approximately 36% suggesting potential impact of routine maintenance activities to find and fix large leaks. By tracking tags on leaking equipment over time, we find a high degree of persistence – leaks that are repaired remain fixed in follow-up surveys, while non-repaired leaks remain emitting. We did not observe any significant growth in emission rate for non-repaired leaks, suggesting that any increase in observed leak emissions following LDAR surveys are likely from new leaks. Vent emissions reduced by 38% without a significant reduction in the average number of vents across control and treatment sites, showing the importance of both anomalous vents and temporal variations in vent emissions. Our results show that a focus on equipment and sites that are prone to high emissions such as tanks and oil sites are key to cost-effective mitigation.
The recalibrational theory: Anger as a bargaining emotion
Authors: Sell Aaron , Sznycer Daniel
Published: December 2021

This chapter uses the adaptationist program (Williams, 1966) - to predict and explain the major features of anger. According to this approach, anger evolved by natural selection to bargain for better treatment. Thus, the major triggers of anger (e.g. cost impositions, cues of disrespect) all indicate an increased willingness (on the part of the offender) to impose costs on the angry individual. Once triggered, the anger system bargains using the two primary incentives that humans have available to modify others’ behavior in favor of the focal individual: the imposition of costs and the denial of benefits. This simple functional sketch of anger is then supplemented with additional considerations needed to address the resultant selection pressures created by bargaining. This process offers functionally sound and theoretically justified explanations for: anger in aggressive and cooperative contexts, the role of apologies and their sincerity, the content of sex-specific insults, the computational structure of “intentionality” in the context of anger, and the origin of the implicit rules of combat.
Preventing sexual violence in sport. The determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior.
Authors: Verhelle Helena , Vertommen Tine , Peters Gjalt - Jorn Ygram
Published: December 2021

Coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about helpful bystander behaviors, hampering effective prevention programs. To identify determining characteristics of positive bystander behavior, 1442 Belgian youth-sport coaches completed a dedicated online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical sport-associated sexual-violence scenarios. Potential for change was analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER). 127 coaches (9.6%) had witnessed sexual violence over the past year. Most had intervened (single incident: 3.7%; multiple incidents: 2.4%). Experiential attitude expectation, instrumental attitude evaluation, perceived referent behavior and approval, and subskill presence were positively associated with coaches’ intentions to intervene. Of the determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior, attitude and perceived norms proved key constituents for programs addressing sexual violence in youth sport. To promote (pro-)active coach-bystander behaviors, the results are discussed from a theoretical and practice-oriented perspective.
Arts and cultural engagement, reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors, and potential mediators in two longitudinal cohorts of adolescents
Authors: Bone Jessica Katherine , Bu Feifei , Fluharty Meg , Paul Elise , Sonke Jill , Fancourt Daisy
Published: December 2021

Reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (RACBs; those previously and problematically termed as “delinquent”) in adolescence are important for health and wellbeing. We investigated whether arts and cultural engagement reduced RACBs in mid- to late adolescence. We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n=10,610) and the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (n=15,214). Using structural equation modelling, we also explored mechanisms that might link arts and cultural engagement to RACBs. More arts and cultural engagement was associated with fewer RACBs, higher self-control scores, and fewer positive perceptions of RACBs concurrently and one to two years later. Arts and cultural engagement may provide opportunities for adolescents to realize positive developmental outcomes, reducing their risk of RACBs.
The character lens: A person-centered perspective on moral recognition and ethical decision-making
Authors: Helzer Erik G , Cohen Taya R. , Kim Yeonjeong
Published: December 2021

We introduce the character lens perspective to account for stable patterns in the way that individuals make sense of and construct the ethical choices and situations they face. We propose that the way that individuals make sense of their present experience is an enduring feature of their broader moral character, and that differences between people in ethical decision-making are traceable to upstream differences in the way that people disambiguate and give meaning to their present context. In three studies, we found that individuals with higher standing on moral character (operationalized as a combination of Honesty-Humility, Guilt Proneness, and Moral Identity Centrality) tended to construe their present context in more moral or ethical terms, and this difference in moral recognition accounted for differences in the ethical choices they made. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of moral character maintained high levels of moral recognition even as pressure to ignore moral considerations increased. Accordingly, this work unifies research on moral character, moral recognition, sensemaking, and judgment and decision-making into a person-centered account of ethical decision-making, highlighting the way decision-makers actively and directly shape the choice contexts to which they must respond.
Does Local Political Representation affect the Childcare Coverage Rate in Austrian Municipalities?
Authors: Walenta-Bergmann Carmen
Published: December 2021

Historically, the provision of childcare has been a forgotten area of Austrian family policy. During the last decade, much effort was made to catch up with other European countries, but notable differences persist between Austrian regions and municipalities. This article engages the following question: does local political representation affect the public childcare coverage rate in Austrian municipalities? Based on a unique longitudinal data set (2003–2018) containing yearly measures for 1,789 Austrian municipalities, several hierarchical regression models are calculated. The results reveal a positive effect of women and left-party share in the local councils as well as an interaction effect between the two. The findings suggest that women have an impact on the share of children in public childcare only in a right-wing-dominated political sphere.
Horizontale und vertikale Differenzen der politischen Repräsentation in Österreich
Authors: Walenta-Bergmann Carmen
Published: December 2021

Das föderalistische politische System der demokratischen Republik Österreich ermöglicht durch Wahlen legitimierte Volksvertretung auf drei Ebenen: dem Bund, den Bundesländern und den Gemeinden. Basierend auf umfassenden Datensätzen geht dieser Beitrag der Frage nach, inwiefern sich die demokratisch legitimierten politischen RepräsentantInnen dieser drei politischen Ebenen in Bezug auf Parteizugehörigkeit und Geschlecht voneinander (vertikal) und innerhalb der substaatlichen Ebenen (horizontal) voneinander unterscheiden. Anhand der systematischen statistischen Auswertung von Daten der letzten 30 Jahre wird deutlich, dass es in Österreich anhaltende horizontale sowie vertikale Repräsentationsdifferenzen gibt. Als mögliche Gründe für die spezifisch österreichischen Differenzen werden unter anderem historische Ursachen diskutiert. Mögliche Auswirkungen der regionalen Repräsentationsdifferenzen hingegen sind manifeste subnationale Unterschiede des politischen Outcomes und Outputs in den von Gemeinden und Ländern dominierten Politikfeldern.
Volunteering in the time of COVID-19. The Polish example for Europe
Authors: Morawski Antoni , Szczegielniak Michał
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is the analysis of the possibilities of using the volunteering to counteract adverse effects of crisis situation based on the example of the coronavirus pandemic. The authors examine the Solidarity Corps for Seniors’ Support (pl. Solidarnościowy Korpus Wsparcia Seniorów) and the local system Warsaw Supports ( pl. system Warszawa Wspiera) applying the institutional and normative method, and case study method in an attempt to provide answers to the following questions: (1) How and under what rules was the volunteering potential used to support the citizens? (2) Did the actions based on volunteer activity undertaken in Poland efficiently complement the work of public authorities? (3) Is the implementation of the developed solutions and their usage within the European Solidarity Corps structure possible in similar cases in the future? The case study allows to conclude that Polish solutions proved to be efficient and allowed to formulate the proposals of establishing a broader cooperation between the EU Member States concerning experience sharing in voluntary work development in crisis situations.
Values and aims of the leading universities of the German-speaking countries
Authors: Szewior Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

This article is based on the research integrating qualitative approach and the content analysis method. The aim is to analyse the mission and strategy of the higher education institutions, assuming that through the mission and strategy those institutions express their self-identification, describe their current state and indicate the directions of development. The subject of the analysis is the best higher education institutions of the German-speaking countries, operating in national and international environment. The research was based on the content analysis, and on its basis, the values and aims of each university were indicated, and then – using the bottom–up method – the aggregation of the universities’ areas of activities were done. In this sense, the selected scopes of activities and points of focus may constitute a generalised reference to the other universities and to the entire academic community in the studied countries. The analysis of the various types of the universities (full, technical, medical) did not demonstrate any significant differences in their self-identification and the designation of the functions of the university, despite the differences in the language of description and the breadth of the offered career perspectives. The common origin, and cultural and social context were also the important factors in this research. The analised higher education institutions were much more oriented towards the standards defined by the best universities in the world and the global challenges of civilisation, what allowed them to become the leading institutions in innovation and technology transfer to the economy. Nowadays, the investigated universities represent the highest standards of academic knowledge. At the same time, they express contemporary trends and requirements of a business organisation (e.g. transparency, evaluation, knowledge management, inclusiveness). Moreover, the investigated higher education institutions perceive themselves as the socially responsible universities, what is confirmed by such values as: inclusiveness, gender mainstreaming, and sustainable development
Political leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in selected analytical categories
Authors: Liszkowska Dominika
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to define the political leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and present the attributes and factors which primarily influenced the effectiveness of his leadership in the Turkish society. Erdoğan has a strong and unquestioned position in his own party, as well as on the Turkish political scene. For a significant part of the society, he is an irreplaceable person and the best leader in the history of the country. Factors which have a major influence on his success are of social, economic and cultural nature. He is a leader, who can easily turn a crisis to his own advantage and convince his followers to support his own arguments. Erdoğan’s activities, which were firmly focused on economic issues, health care reforms and Turkey’s integration with the European Union, enabled him to gain the support of even this part of the society whose values are distant from the ones he accepts. At the same time, he represents a confrontational attitude towards political opponents and often expresses his reluctance towards them.
The Holy Spirit the Ultimate Counselor and Transformer for Healing and Wholeness
Authors: Sharma Karuna
Published: December 2021

Nepal is a country with cultural and religious diversity. This country has gone through much turmoil and many crises. Since the time of the Maoist insurgency up to the recent pandemic situation, people have faced various emotions, feelings, and thoughts. These sudden devastating moments have not only affected their physical wellbeing, but has in turn affected the whole being of a person. These experiences of accusation, suffering, violence, and pain have led many to sadness, worry, anger, and fear resulting in various mental disorders. Therefore, the ministry of counseling is very important in order to help people get connected to their feelings and to understand their problems. It enables people to express their emotions freely and bring a sense of positivity to their lives. For effective counseling, there is always a need for the guidance and support of the Holy Spirit. Human beings are very limited in their own ways, and it is only through the presence of the Holy Spirit that a person can be transformed and changed. Therefore, it is important for the churches in Nepal to preach and teach about the Spirit who is a helper and brings healing and wholeness through comfort and counsel. It is the Holy Spirit who is the ultimate agent of transformation to lead people into all truth.
Spiritual Struggle and Spiritual Growth of Bereft College Students in a Christian Evangelical University
Authors: Rhoades Melinda , Walker Andrea
Published: December 2021

This article examines spiritual struggle in bereft Christian evangelical students and how struggle might potentiate spiritual growth. The death loss of a close person can result in shattered assumptions about the world that trigger spiritual questions and struggle and spiritual struggle can be a catalyst for growth. To our knowledge, spiritual growth has not been measured utilizing the actual voices of those struggling with the loss, nor has it been measured in Christian evangelical populations who may find it more threatening to yield to spiritual questioning. The Spirit-centered Change Model guides our conceptualization of spiritual growth from a Christian evangelical perspective. Utilizing a mixed methods design, bereft college students (n=161) at a Christian evangelical university answered questionnaires about religious coping, daily spiritual experiences, meaning in life, and open-ended questions about their spiritual growth and how students’ beliefs about God had changed after the loss. Compared to non-bereft peers, bereft students reported higher daily spiritual experiences, but bereft students who struggled spiritually reported less meaning and daily spiritual experiences than bereft students who did not struggle. Narrative responses indicated that spiritual struggle simultaneously tended to reflect more expansive beliefs around God and a deepened spirituality, according to the Spirit-centered Change Model. Results reflect a first empirical step toward measuring spiritual growth as epistemological change.
How Jesus Communicates #Metoo
Authors: Engelbert Pamela
Published: December 2021

This article offers a practical theological praxis of how the church may participate in Christ’s atoning ministry of healing towards persons who have experienced sexual violence. Drawing from the theory of intergenerational trauma, it uses the mentioning of “the wife of Uriah” in Matthew’s genealogy to convey how Jesus identifies with survivors of sexual violence. The article then focuses on the hypostatic union to establish how Jesus provides ontological healing in the atonement for said survivors. It concludes by demonstrating how Matthew’s Gospel calls radical disciples to a healing praxis of listening to stories of the disenfranchised, thereby pointing towards Christ’s atoning work of bearing and healing humanity’s weaknesses.
Sinopse sobre as características dos aspectos técnicos e econômicos no cultivo de camarão de água doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii no Brasil
Authors: Igarashi Marco Antonio
Published: December 2021

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica fornece uma visão geral da criação sustentável de camarãode água doce no Brasil. Este estudo indica que o Macrobrachium rosenbergii pode ser o crustáceo deágua doce mais adequado e economicamente importante para a criação. Embora o Brasil possua vastosrecursos de água doce, eles não são totalmente explorados. O cultivo de camarão de água doce (M.rosenbergii) no Brasil pode desempenhar um papel importante na economia do país, aumentando aprodução de alimentos e oferecendo oportunidades de emprego. O cultivo do camarão de água doce noBrasil tem como objetivo diversificar os produtos utilizados para a aquicultura de água doce,atualmente dominada pela tilápia. Como a criação de camarão requer serviços de apoio à aquiculturadesenvolvidos, deve-se buscar treinamento, pesquisa, extensão, instalações de infraestrutura edesenvolvimento de sistemas de marketing e distribuição.
Análise espaço-temporal da vegetação no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro utilizando parâmetros biofísicos
Authors: De Andrade Silva Geovane , Farias Carolyne Wanessa Lins de Andrade
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do trabalho consiste em realizar uma análise espaço-temporal da vegetação em um município do semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro por meio de índices biofísicos, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Parnamirim – PE. Os índices biofísicos utilizados foram o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e o Índice de Umidade por Diferença Normalizada (NDWI), gerados a partir da análise de imagens orbitais do satélite Landsat 8, referentes aos anos de 2015 e 2019, para o período chuvoso, e 2016 e 2020, considerando o período seco da região. Conclui-se que o período chuvoso de 2019 apresentou maior exuberância da vegetação e maior presença de água no ambiente, quando comparado ao ano de 2015. No período seco, verificou-se que 2020 foi caracterizado por maiores densidades de vegetação e presença de água em relação ao ano de 2016.
Sistema para automação de frequência em sala de aula com reconhecimento biométrico
Authors: Fontes Vitor Pereira , Almeida Junior Pedro Lemos de
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo descreve o processo de desenvolvimento de um sistema eletrônico para auxiliar na contabilização da frequência de alunos da turma do 4º Ano do Médio Integrado de Informática do IF Sertão Pernambucano, Campus Salgueiro, por meio de reconhecimento biométrico. O sistema foi construído utilizando hardware e software livre, utilizando uma placa do tipo Arduíno, responsável por identificar os usuários e informar ao servidor, feito em JavaScript utilizando o Node.js, o registro da sua presença. Além disso, o sistema conta com uma interface para alunos e professores, feita em JavaScript utilizando o ReactJS, possibilitando o acesso às informações da frequência total. Os resultados de sua construção foram promissores e indicam possibilidade de utilização em ambientes escolares.
Мир Китая. Пособие для изучающих китайский язык: учебное пособие, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / Е.С. Литвиненко. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2021. – 163 с.
Authors: Литвиненко Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: December 2021

Предлагаемое учебное пособие составлено с целью предоставить материал для чтения на китайском языке с целью овладения знаниями о культуре и истории Китая. Пособие «Мир Китая» рекомендовано для студентов 2-4-го курсов, изучающих китайский язык и интересующихся историей и культурой Китая. В пособии представлены аутентичные тексты на китайском языке, даны упражнения на усвоение новой лексики и закрепление пройденного материала, а также рекомендуется дополнительный материал (включая документальные фильмы по истории и культуре Китая). Пособие имеет 15 текстов, каждый связан с новой исторической династией в Китае. Пособие было апробировано в группах русскоязычных студентов, изучающих китайский язык как второй иностранный на факультете иностранных языков и регионоведения МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова. Нацелено на формирование лексической, межкультурной и социокультурной компетенций обучающихся. Способствует формированию навыков устного и письменного перевода, а также навыка говорения и пересказывания на китайском языке.
Determinants of Russia’s Sovereign Risk
Authors:   Bank of Russia, Grigoryeva Evgenia
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of Russia’s sovereign risk. The spreads on sovereign Russian credit default swaps (CDS) were used as a measure of risk. Based on the accuracy of out-of-sample forecasts, the factors that influence Russian CDS were selected: the implied volatility of the rouble exchange rate, the size of foreign exchange reserves relative to GDP, and the average spread on other emerging market CDS as a proxy for global factors. In turn, the CDS of emerging market countries are determined by the volatility of their currencies, the slope of the US government bond curve, and also by the increments of the dollar index.
Impact of Government Measures to Support Mortgage Lending on Housing Affordability in Russia: Regional Evidence
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Roshchina Ianina , Ilyunkina Natalia ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

This study investigates housing affordability in Russia: factors of affordability, quantitative indicators, and government support measures. We are especially interested in the mortgage rate subsidy programmes that were implemented in 2015–2016 and 2020–2021 and their impact on housing affordability indicators. In order to evaluate impact of the first programme, we use a model of the real estate market and we decompose the index of housing affordability into different factors. As a result of our econometric analysis, we conclude that in general the programme was successful. Data about the second programme are not yet sufficient, so we evaluate its impact by a statistical analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. We conclude that the impact is ambiguous: up until a particular moment (different in different regions), borrowers could benefit from the programme, but after that moment the increase in housing prices caused by the programme itself were exceeding the benefits from the subsidised rates. In conclusion, we provide some methods to improve the effectiveness of government measures to support housing affordability, which could be useful in the development of new programmes.
Case Studies of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients
Authors: Megari Kalliopi , Megari Kalliopi
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involves decline in several cognitive domains after surgery and is particularly common after cardiac surgery. Given the potential effects of such cognitive dysfunction on quality of life, it is important to study it in multiple populations in order to limit its occurrence. Recent advances in surgical technology may assist in achieving this goal.
Methods: We present the long-term neuropsychological outcome of two elderly patients, one of whom had off pump heart surgery and the other oncological surgery. We administered a series of neuropsychological tests assessing attention, complex scanning, verbal working memory, executive functioning, short-term and long-term memory, and visuospatial perception before surgery, prior to discharge, at 3-month follow-up and 6 years after surgery. We compared the performance of these two patients to normative datasets.
Results: Despite equivalent levels of pre-surgery performance between the two patients, the oncology patient exceeded his preoperative neurocognitive levels, suggesting less postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the heart patient overall, on all neuropsychological domains at 6-year follow-up, except short-term retention. In contrast, the heart patient showed no improvement, and, instead, showed some cognitive decline which remained consistent over time.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the critical role of the type of surgery utilized in the development of POCD and have implications for clinical management and patients’ quality of life in the very long term.
Agama Dalam Pelukan Koruptor
Authors: Syauket Amalia
Published: December 2021

Pada tataran normatif, semua agama tentu mengajarkan pemeluknya agar tidak menyalahgunakan wewenang untuk kepentingan pribadi. Agama juga menitahkan agar kita tak mengambil hak orang lain. Namun, realitas menunjukkan negara dengan mayoritas umat beragama tidak ada yang lepas dari praktik korupsi. Bahkan, kasus-kasus korupsi akut banyak ditemukan di negara yang memiliki identitas agama kuat, apa pun agama itu.Dorongan beragama, beserta pemahaman tentang Tuhan di dalamnya, sudah tertanan di dalam struktur pikiran maupun syaraf manusia. Namun ketika dorongan tersebut tidak menjadi kenyataan, tanpa dukungan keadaan yang sesuai misalnya pengaruh kekuasaan politik maupun ekonomi. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan sikap rasionalitas dan kritis, tidak berpijak pada iman atau agama apa pun, dengan mengutamakan data sekunder, untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian bagaimana agama dalam pelukan para koruptor? Apakah Agama berada dalam pelukan erat para koruptor? Karena Secara logis dan ideal, seseorang yang taat beragama dan menjalankan agama dengan baik akan terhindar dari korupsi. Dari berbagai literature dalam penelitian ini tampak bahwa agama dalam pelukan koruptor hanya sebagai formalitas saja pada tataran dimensi ritual belum mampu berefek pada tingkat perilakunya pada dimensi tataran moralitas,  yang berdampak adanya pemisahan antara ibadah yang sifatnya hubungan langsung dengan Allah SWT dengan ibadah yang bersifat hubungan dengan sesama manusia. Agama dalam pelukan koruptor,baru tercermin pada praktek ritual agama semata, masih menjadi kesalehan individu, belum tercermin dalam perilaku anti korupsi secara sosial. Ketika beragama menjadi koruptor karena pengaruh politik maupun ekonomi, maka  ia ditinggalkan.
Penerapan Status Pengguna Pada Tindak Pidana Narkotika Dalam Prespektif Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika
Authors: Pakpahan Montana Maruli , Erwin Owan Hermansyah  , Lukman Hakim
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penulis meneliti mengenai penerapan hukuman penjara bagi seorang pengguna narkotika dan optimalisasi pemberian hak rehabilitasi bagi pengguna narkotika prespektif Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, adalah untuk mendeskripsikan sejauh mana hukuman bagi pengguna narkotika diterapkan dan hukuman apa yang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang – undangan di Indonesia serta bagaimana upaya optimalisasi pemberian hak rehabilitasi bagi pengguna narkotika di Indonesia dan apa kendala – kendala dalam pemberian hak rehabilitasi tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan karakteristik deskriptif yang bersumber pada bahn hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Data sekunder mencakup bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan tertier yang dikumpulkan dengan cara studi pustaka. Data disusun dalam bentuk uraian kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif, artinya data ditafsirkan dan didiskusikan berdasarkan teori-teori (doktrin) dan asas-asas serta peraturan hukum yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan.  Penerapan hukuman penjara bagi seorang pengguna belum cukup sesuai dengan prespektif Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika karena Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika mengatur mengenai hak rehabilitasi bagi pengguna narkotika yaitu menempatkan penyalahguna/pengguna narkotika ke dalam lembaga rehabilitasi melalui putusan hakim sebab hal ini adalah alternatif pemberian sanksi pidana yang sangat baik dalam rangka deferent aspect dan refomaive aspect. Akan tetapi penerapan hak rehabilitasi terhadap pengguna narkotika di Indonesia belum optimal dikarenakan terdapat beberapa kendala baik dari segi internal, eksternal dan regulasi hukum, yang membuat pengguna narkotika masih sering diberikan sanksi pidana penjara daripada pidana rehabilitasi.
Pengikatan Jaminan Pesawat Udara Terkait Dengan Ratifikasi Konvensi Cape Town 2001 Untuk Kepentingan Penerbangan Internasional
Authors: Nanda Dwi Rizkia  , Yuhelson  , Ramlani Lina S
Published: December 2021

Mahalnya harga sebuah pesawat udara di Indonesia menyulitkan perusahaan penerbangan komersial dalam negeri untuk membelinya secara tunai karena itu perusahaan penerbangan tersebut membutuhkan bank dan lembaga keuangan nonbank yang kuat untuk skema pembiayaan yang berupa pemberian kredit dengan perjanjian sewa guna usaha dengan tanpa hak opsi jarang ditemukan bank atau lembaga keuangan dalam negeri yang bertindak sebagai kreditur atau pemberi sewa karena selain tingginya jumlah pinjaman apalagi terjadi wanprestasi risiko kecelakaanya tinggi. metode penelitian yuridis normatif, suatu proses untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu-isu hukum yang di hadapi, hasil penelitian perusahaan penerbangan dalam negeri memilih leasing company dari luar negeri untuk mendapatkan kreditur asing, pemerintah republic Indonesia telah meratifikasi konvensi cape town 2001 dengan terbitnya undang-undang no.1 tahun 2009 tentang penerbangan yang mempermudah perusahaan penerbangan komersial dalam negeri untuk pengadaan pesawat terbang dengan perjanjian SGU karena kreditur asing mendapatkan jaminan hukum yang telah disepakati secara internasional dalam konvensi itu diatur bahwa kreditur atau pemilik pesawat dapat langsung menarik dari debitur dan menerbangkan pesawat terbang sebagai objek leasing dengan tanpa hak opsi dan prosedur.