bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kuusalu linik: tegumood ja kandmisviisid / Bridal Headscarves of Kuusalu Parish: Design and Use
Authors: Burk Liis
Published: April 2022

The book “Estonian National Costumes” by Melanie Kaarma and Aino Voolmaa, published in 1981, describes the bridal clothing of Kuusalu parish. The set is dated as originating from the late 18th century. It includes a headscarf that is placed on the head of the bride or fiancée in the course of the bridal ritual (where a piece of married woman’s headwear is placed on the head of the bride, thus symbolising her becoming a married woman). The measurements of the headscarf are 42x190 cm, and both ends of the piece of cloth are decorated with embroidery, hemstitching and bobbin lace. The book also includes precise instructions on how to place the headscarf on the wearer’s head: it has to be folded lengthwise in the middle and placed on the head in the shape of a cone in such a manner that the middle of the headscarf is above the forehead and the ends flow over the shoulders towards the back. The ends of the headscarf have to be fixed with a brooch above the neck at the back. The method of attachment of the headscarf reconstructed by authors is based on a photo dating back to 1906 (see photo 5 and figure 1) that shows a Kuusalu woman wearing one of the headscarves in question.The author of this article visited the National Museum of Finland in early 2015 to study the object on which Voolmaa and Kaarma’s reconstruction of the Kuusalu bride’s headscarf is based. The main discovery made was that the preserved object is decorated with embroidery and lace only at one end of the headscarf; also, some minor changes were detected in the pattern of the embroidery. The information gathered raised doubts as to the way the headscarf had been worn as far as was known – i.e., with both decorated ends visible. Different sources provide information about possibilities to attach the kerchief with a hairband, the hair itself or a hairpin. But all of the sources refer to a headscarf decorated at both ends.A breakthrough was achieved when the notes of the person who donated the object to the National Museum of Finland were discovered. It turned out that the object in question was not, in fact, a bride’s or fiancée’s headscarf but instead an object used during the capping ritual. This ritual was performed by one particular woman in the village, who was also the owner of the headscarf.Focussing on the knowledge that in Kuusalu the headscarf used was a piece of cloth decorated at both ends, the author experimented with different tying methods in order to identify the closest possible method to the one used in the photo. At the same time, it was important to fix the headscarf securely on the head and for the scarf to be practical. The information gathered is not conclusive, but is extremely useful in adding to the knowledge about the bride’s headscarf used in Kuusalu.
Fifteen archaeological Estonian leather bags
Authors: Hirsik Mari-Lii
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of medieval leather bags that have been found in archaeological excavations in Estonia and supplies information on their context and dating, as well as provides descriptions and typologies. This article analyses fifteen archaeological leather bags from Estonia, of which eight were found in Tallinn, six in Tartu and one in Pärnu.

Archaeological leather bags in Estonia can be divided into two main typological groups: drawstring pouches and girdle bags. The first group includes also a coin pocket and ram pouches. Out of fifteen leather bags, two thirds belong to the first group, that of drawstring pouches. These are: one coin pocket (AI 6332: nr-ta), two ram bags (TM A 45: 4275/2-3), one round-based pouch (AI 4061: 3016) and six square-based pouches (AI 4061: 4546; AI 6332: 309; AI 6332: N-517; TM A 40: 4389; TM A 45: 4578/1; TLM 27426: 1A). The second group consists of five girdle bags (AI 6166: 368; AI 7032: 1430/1; TM A 45:nr-ta; TM A 115: 817; PäMu A 2662: 563). The archaeological leather bags have been dated as being between the early thirteenth century and the early seventeenth century. Although fifteen is a small number of archaeological leather bags, they still give us a brief overview of the abundant medieval fashion of Estonian leather bags, and there are more to be found.

Keywords: archaeological leather, Middle Ages, leather bags, drawstring pouch, girdle bag
Tänusõnadega Meelis Kihulase vastselt ilmunud raamatule / To Kihulane and his book, with gratitude
Authors: Liiv Elo
Published: April 2022

Estonian traditional woodwork varies widely in its technical and design aspects, but for recent generations this amazing wealth has been accessible only via museum displays. Fortunately, there are people who have dedicated themselvesto bringing heritage crafts back to life. Sooner or later the practitioners of traditional crafts arrive at an understanding that technical knowledge is not enough: at least half the quality of the final result depends on finding suitable materialto work with, and on how this material has been collected, stored, and prepared. The choice of good and appropriate tools is also key. As the author states in the introduction to this book, a good working knowlege of each tree species’ woodcharacteristics is the basis for all subsequent work.

Estonian traditional crafts have undergone a revival during the past decades. Meelis Kihulane is one of the guiding stars of this process, being skilled at making bentwood objects, one of the most complex areas of traditional crafts. Even more importantly he has now completed a book. This book is accompanied with videos which, with their easy-to-follow instructions, provide information for each stage of the work process of a kind that could not be conveyed by merely verbal descriptions.

This enables his fans and followers to embark upon making their own bentwood objects, guided through the most difficult phases of the work by the master’s peacefully narrated instructions. Some people may be more inclined to woodworking than others, but perhaps the trees themselves have taught master Kihulane such a meditative, yet very efficient, way of working and teaching.
Väikesed kirjad vööde veeres. Eesti kirivööde äärekirjade tüübid ja kihelkondlik levik Tartu- ja Võrumaa näitel / Small patterns at the edges of belts. Types of edge patterns used in Estonian pick-up woven belts and their distribution in Tartu and Võru Co
Authors: Rand Piia
Published: April 2022

Pick-up woven belts form an important element of Estonian women’s folk dress. Belts make up one of the largest divisions of the Estonian National Museum’s item collection. Pick-up woven belts, and their large variety of patterns, provide ample avenues for research. Belt patterns can be studied on the basis of the large patterns in the middle of the belt, the usage of colour, the appearance and meaning of the patterns, etc. The focus of this article is on the small patterns at the edges of the belts. I will provide a typology of edge patterns and present an overview of the spread of different patterns in Estonia in general, as well as a more detailed account of their spread in Tartu and Võru County parishes.

Various parts can be distinguished in the patterns of pick-up woven belts (Photo 2): the widest section in the middle of the belt, called the centre pattern, which can include a row of different colour thread, the centre thread; small patterns at the edge of the belt, called the edge patterns; narrow bands separating different sections of the pattern, called the küü, and in some regions, a coloured edge – the edge thread.

The edge patterns were divided into two main types based on the technology used. The first main type is the block patterns (Figure 1), where an odd number of linen background threads are threaded between each woollen pattern thread, creating a variety of straight lines and boxes. Block edge patterns were further divided into five sub-types. The second main type includes patterns where two linen background threads are threaded between the woollen pattern threads (Figures 2 and 3), creating patterns with diagonal edges – crosses, rhombuses, triangles, diagonal lines, etc. This main type was further divided into nine subtypes along with a number of variations. The geographical spread of blocked edge patterns is show in Figure 4 and the spread of diagonal edge patterns in Figure 5. The edge patterns from Tartu and Võru Counties and their prevalence in belts from the parishes of these counties is studied in more detail. In the counties studied here, block edge patterns are preferred, especially the variants P4 and P3 (Figures 6 to 9).

The work carried out here represents just a small fraction of the study of pick-up woven belts. The edge patterns, as well as other parts of the patterns and the belts from other Estonian counties are still waiting to be analysed. By learning to know and see the details of different parts of folk costumes, we will also learn to see their regional characteristics and acquire a deeper understanding of our national culture.

Keywords: folk costumes, pick-up woven belts, belt patterns, pattern types, distribution maps
The production of rep weave floor coverings in Avinurme from the 1950s to the 1970s as a regional inherited skill
Authors: Västrik Veinika
Published: April 2022

The making of rep weave floor coverings was an important source of income in Avinurme, a northern Estonian settlement, from the 1950s to the 1970s. Weaving began for commercial reasons after collective farms were established in 1949, when alternative sources of income were sought, as such farms only paid meagre wages. At the time, any sort of entrepreneurship was prohibited and punishable as “speculation”, and thus sales activities were banned, so the sellers sought to leave village council inspectors with the impression that the weaving was being done for their own families. A unique cultural phenomenon thus developed which was shaped (and eventually fell into decline) for the following period-specific reasons: cotton yarn which was suited to the rep weaving technique could be obtained from the Kreenholm Manufactory in Narva, floor rugs were not available in shops, all households had looms, and rep weave rugs were considered to be classier than rag rugs. Despite the illegality of the activity, commercial weaving persisted for decades. Due to the wide territorial range of the sales, the Avinurme rugs had an impact on home furnishing culture throughout most of Estonia.The special feature of the Avinurme practice was the use of a thinner and finer pattern warp (the so-called No. 10 thread) in conjunction with a thicker and coarser background warp; the dark weft is visible through the thin warp and is conducive to the formation of the pattern. Other features peculiar to the Avinurme rep woven rugs include composition featuring a double cross of rhombuses, which cannot be found in any printed source. In addition, the region in question had a rich array of patterns which combine squares and rectangles. Brown was often featured as the warp colour in combination with beige or orange tones; the background warp was frequently made up of brightly coloured lengthwise-striped patterns along the patterned edges.  The tradition of weaving these types of rugs and mats started to decline in the late 1970s when industrially produced floor coverings became available in retail stores, leading to changes in interior furnishing fashions. Purchasing power had also improved over the decades, and handwoven traditional floor coverings were seen as old-fashioned in this context.

Keywords: traditional weaving, rep weave, rep rug, warp rep pattern, subsistence practices in Soviet Estonia
Reconstructing fabrics used in the clothing of “Kukruse Woman” from the late 12th century: A craftsperson’s perspective
Authors: Kaljus Astri
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the reconstruction of fabrics based on archaeological finds. When a woman’s grave from the late twelfth century AD (Kukruse Burial VI) was unearthed at Kukruse in eastern Estonia, archaeologists involved experts from various fields in studying the materials that were found in the grave – from natural scientists to textile researchers. A set of clothing was reproduced from what was found in the grave of the “Kukruse Woman”.

The grave that served as the basis for this study featured plentiful amounts of jewellery and bronze embellishments, but textile remains were extremely scarce. It was for this reason that, when it came to weaving the fabrics, other archaeological textile finds that date back to the same period had to be relied on to a degree. The aim was to achieve a visual resemblance to the historic fabric. When weaving the woollen fabrics, the yarn used was from the wool of an ancient Estonian sheep breed, the native Kihnu type, which was spun in a way that is customary for contemporary woollen mills. In order to obtain the required shade of blue, synthetic dyes were used on the yarn. The tools used met the needs of a modern weaver and increased the efficiency of the work. This article interprets handicraft skills on the basis of the crafter’s personal experience, primarily from a weaver’s perspective. Reconstructing an ancient fabric includes not only reproducing the item itself, but also the process of studying and recreating inherited skills that had since been lost.

Keywords: woollen fabric, reconstructing clothing, archaeological textile finds, weaving
Traditional leather processing using domestic methods in Estonia
Authors: Uus Made
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of the traditional domestic leather processing methods used in Estonia throughout history, as well as of the research papers on leather processing that have been published or have yet to be published in Estonian. There is also an overview of the main leather processing and tanning methods (vegetable tanning, alum tawing and flour tanning). Based on her own experience, the author gives a detailed description of traditional leather processing with a fermented flour mixture (flour tanning) as one of the oldest and most widespread methods of processing hides with fur. The article also gives an overview of the current situation of traditional leather processing using domestic methods in Estonia.

Keywords: animal hide, tanning, leather dressing methods
Printed-pattern headscarves in Kihnu cultural space
Authors: Pukk Mari
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of the unique tradition of wearing headscarves as practiced by the islanders of Kihnu. I discuss the importance of cotton print headscarves in the traditional clothing of Kihnu women and explain the meaning of kallisseltsi headscarves as an intra-community phenomenon, giving an overview of the origin and characteristics thereof.

Printed cotton headscarves are considered an integral part of Kihnu traditional clothing, but as purchased goods they have, up to the present, remained beyond the scope of ethnographic studies. Headscarves are classified by material, origin and purpose. Even today, seven different types of headscarves are known ; names were assigned to the different types based on their patterns.

Headscarves must always be worn in harmony with the main item of clothing: the skirt. The colours and stripes of the skirt convey the events that take place in the course of a woman’s life. Adherence to the rules is supervised by the elders of the community and by the more knowledgeable members who look after the preservation of the island’s traditions. As with wearing, there are also specific unwritten rules concerning the care, storage and folding of headscarves.

In the Kihnu community, the most valuable cotton headscarves are those made of red printed cotton fabric that were produced in Russia, in the factories of Aleksandrov County in the Province of Vladimir in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Elsewhere in the world, the headscarves are also known by their main colour – Turkish red. Owning kallisseltsi headscarves is, in a way, a status symbol in the Kihnu community: the owner of the largest number of headscarves is considered the proudest and richest. The circulation of headscarves is very carefully monitored, and the most valuable ones are only worn during important life events.

Keywords: Kihnu cultural space, folk costumes, headscarves, communal clothing norms
Argipäeva kirjamine – Muhu kirisukad ERMi osalussaalis / Everyday patterns – the exhibition of Muhu colourwork stockings in the participation hall of the Estonian National Museum
Authors: Alekand Katrin
Published: April 2022

The fashion of knitting colourwork stockings lasted in Muhu for about 30 years – from the end of the 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century. This is a relatively short period and it is astonishing that such a beautiful and unique collection of stockings has been preserved from that time.

Evidently no one expected such a lavish party of colours, abundance of patterns and beauty, to be made by a hundred knitting women. No stocking at the exhibition is the same. And the members of the Knitters’ reproduction club have made exact copies only of some selected old stockings. A row of photos of knitters on the wall look down at the visitor – the body of each knitter belongs in fact to the lady of Tüi farm in Pallasmaa village, Muhu Island, who is sitting on the doorway of the storehouse and knitting a stocking; the knitters of the Knitters’ club call her Nänn. She has a stocking in between her fingers, but the faces looking at you over the knitting needles belong to the knitters. The stockings knitted for the exhibition have added personality, creativity and uniqueness to the heritage.

Muhu colourwork stockings were knitted individually for the right and the left foot and that can be clearly seen in the part of toes. The choice of foot had to be decided upon the beginning of knitting with the first pattern rows. The next row starts inside the shin part and it is recommended to hide it away and make it least visible. The thread ends are hidden in between the rows, which mean a lot of extra work after the stocking is ready.

It is nice to think that the Knitters’ club, besides keeping alive the tradition of colourwork knitted sock, has preserved another nice tradition – co-knitting. The symbolic one-family room is in the Facebook of the Knitters’ reproduction club, so the internet and a computer help to preserve the tradition of twilight practice called “vidussepidamine”. One additional value of the exhibition is knitting live, which means that during the entire time the exhibition is open the members of the Knitters’ club go and sit and knit at the exhibition on Saturdays, busily knitting their next stockings and answering any questions visitors may have. Another value added is the catalogue of the exhibition – comprehensive in coverage and good to look at.

A practical person would like to know how much a pair of stockings costs? How much do 160 or 200 hours of your life cost?
Käsitöö uurimise meetoditest Soomes, Rootsis ja Norras / Mapping the methodologies of the craft sciences in Finland, Sweden and Norway
Authors: Kokko Sirpa , Almevik Gunnar , Bentz-Høgseth Harald C. , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita
Published: April 2022

The craft sciences have emerged as a field of academic research in Finland, Sweden and Norway since the early 1990s. In Finland, craft research has examined various aspects of crafts using a multidisciplinary approach adapting a range of methods from other academic disciplines according to the research topic. Another source has been the schools of domestic sciences in which craft research has been a recognized field. In Sweden and Norway, craft research has developed strongly in architectural conservation and cultural heritage with a focus on traditional craftsmanship and the performative elements of intangible cultural heritage. This article offers an overview of the developments and progress of the field of craft sciences in these countries, inluding its methodological approaches, with a focus on Ph.D theses. Through mapping recurrent methodological approaches, the following categories were derived: craft reconstruction, craft interpretations, craft elicitation, craft amplification and craft socialization. The aim of the classification, and the model derived from it, is to help researchers and students understand better how different types of knowledge relate to different research methods and apply them within their own research. The puropse of the research is to create a common infrastructure for research and education in order to connect and strengthen the dispersed academic communities of craft research and to establish craft science as a formally recognized discipline within the academic system.

The authors of the article have granted permission to have the original research article published in Craft Research Journal 11 (2), CC-BY-NC-ND to be translated from English and published in Estonian. The translation is accompanied with a brief contextualising afterword by the editorial team of Studia Vernacula.

Keywords: craft sciences, crafts, craft research, craft education, sloyd, research methods, art research
Kangakudujate hääled / Voices of Weavers
Authors: Matsin Ave
Published: April 2022

This review introduces a book titled „Voices of Weavers. Textile Cultures, Craftsmanship, and Identity in Contemporary Myanmar“ written by a German anthropologist Jella Fink and published by Waxmann publishing house in 2020. It is a lively piece of research that reveals the cultural and economic background of two strands of local weaving traditions in Myanmar. The book summarises author’s fieldwork that was carried out in Myanmar as part of her doctoral studies in the years 2014–2017. Focus on the makers’ perspective is the most important contribution of the present book to research in textiles. In the review, parallels are drawn with Estonian textile-making practices, where applicable.

Myanmar is geographially and ethnically considerably different from Estonia, but certain similarities can indeed be spotted in the matters of textile production, authorship, professionalisation, and the issues of commercialisation. The greatest value of the book lies in mapping the tradition and explaining the rationale behind alterations in the traditional practices of weaving in two different areas – Mandalaya region in the centre and Kengtung in the distant Western highlands of Myanmar – where the practice is still well alive. As the makers’ perspective is brought to the fore, it gives the voice to often-silenced female members of marginal ethnic groups, and also helps to provide new insights into the social and cultural relations that form the framework for producing intricate textiles, the making of which is very time-consuming and requires a great amount of skill and stamina. The study can well serve as a model for further research into Estonian textile traditions in the future.
Innovation and Investment Projects in the Modern Economy and Evolution of the Methodology of Their Evaluation
Authors: Malinovskaya Kristina , Nazarova Yuliya
Published: April 2022

The presented article devoted to the development of the methodology for evaluating innovation and investment projects, taking into account their nature in the modern economy. The main goal of innovation and investment projects is to achieve advantages through the possession and use of innovative solutions in the activities of the subject of investment. In this case, one should take into account the importance of assessing both from the point of view of innovative efficiency (the degree of novelty and additional profit due to the introduction of innovation into the business processes of the subject of investment), and the overall investment efficiency (assessed by means of investment analysis tools).

In the modern economy, the achievement and retention of competitive advantages is a basic precondition for the successful functioning and development of any business. As for companies in the oil and gas sector, there is a certain industry specificity: with the depletion of easily accessible hydrocarbon reserves and during the period of parallel development of alternative energy, innovations (and often disruptive ones) ensure the survival of companies and the ability to remain in the energy market due to timely and relevant technological solutions. And building up competitive advantages requires even higher innovative efficiency. Therefore, the development of the methodology for evaluating innovation and investment projects is presented from the point of view of the outstripping rate of innovative activity of companies in the oil and gas industry.
Lean Project Management: Experience of Russian Organizations and Efficiency Assessment
Authors: Khalimon Ekaterina , Brikoshina Irina , Guseva Maria
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the results of a research analysis of the features of the introduction and implementation of the concept of lean management in large Russian organizations, state and municipal authorities, high educational institutions, and the assessment of their economic and social effectiveness. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of practical cases on the use of lean management technologies in the transformation of the main activities of commercial companies or government authorities to scale and adapt best practices. In the framework of this article, the theoretical aspects of thrift are considered, the characteristic features and principles of the lean management concept are highlighted, the main tools and technologies of lean management are considered, as well as practical cases with the assessment of social and economic efficiency. The analysis showed that there are many ways to improve operational and project activities that justify the introduction of a lean approach in organizations. There are problems in understanding the need for lean production since people are generally reluctant to change established processes, but positive follow-up examples contribute to the success of implementing lean management and help in developing adequate development strategies for companies and government agencies. In conclusion, the authors found that the technologies of the concept of "lean management" are an effective tool for improving the main activities of organizations and authorities and for improving the efficiency of resource use.
Application and effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy among informal caregivers of chronically ill people- literature review
Authors: Sanna Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

Opieka nad osobą przewlekle chorą jest doświadczeniem kryzysowym dla bliskich osób, którzy w literaturze fachowej nazywani są nieformalnym opiekunami (NO). Konsekwencje opieki nieformalnej to zarówno zaburzenia zdrowia fizycznego, jak i psychicznego — między innymi w postaci depresji, podwyższonego poziomu lęku oraz dystresu czy wyczerpania.
Istniejące badania dokumentują zastosowanie terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT) jako skutecznej interwencji dla nieformalnych opiekunów, jednak skuteczność metod CBT zmienia się w zależności od badanej grupy..
Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie przeglądu badań dotyczących metod oraz skuteczności terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej wśród opiekunów pacjentów przewlekle chorych, omówienie głównych koncepcji teoretycznych tego podejścia oraz ogólnych celów i metod terapeutycznych w pracy z nieformalnymi opiekunami osób przewlekle chorych. Na koniec omówiono skuteczność interwencji oraz ograniczenia badań.
Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna jest skuteczną metodą pracy z nieformalnymi opiekunami pacjentów chorych przewlekle, ma różnorodne i elastyczne protokoły. Biorąc pod uwagę wyzwania związane ze starzeniem się populacji i występowaniem chorób przewlekłych, opieka nieformalna staje się znaczącym wyzwaniem dla systemu opieki zdrowotnej i będzie wymagała uwagi specjalistów zdrowia psychicznego.
Effect of dietary fats on endogenous oleic acid biosynthesis in rat liver
Authors: Levitsky A. , Velichko V. , Selivanskaya I. , Lapinskaya A.
Published: April 2022

Aim: Determine the effect of dietary fats with different fatty acid composition on the biosynthesis of oleic acid and its metabolic precursors in the liver .

Methods: High linoleic sunflower oil (HLSO), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and palm oil (PO) were used. Rats were fed a semi-synthetic fat-free diet (FFD) and fat diets containing 5 % of the above oils (instead of starch) for 30 days. Liver lipids were divided into 3 fractions: neutral lipids (NL), phospholipids (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA). The fatty acid composition of the fractions was determined by gas chromatography. The “activity” of fatty acid synthase was determined from the total content of the products of this reaction (C16:0 and C16:1). The “activity” of palmitic acid elongase was determined by the ratio С18:0/С16:0, as well as by the formula (С18:0+С18:1)/(С16:0–С16:1). The “activity” of stearic acid desaturase (SCD1) was determined by the ratio C16:1/C16:0 (SCD16) and by the ratio C18:1/C18:0 (SCD18).

Results: In rats treated with fat diets, the content of palmitic and oleic acids is reduced only in the NL fraction, and to the greatest extent when consuming the diet with HLSO. The “activity” of palmitic acid elongase increases significantly with the consumption of a diet with HLSO. SCD16 desaturase “activity” decreases with fat diet, while SCD18 desaturase “activity” increases. The level of SCD18 is significantly higher than the level of SCD16. Consumption of HLSO reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA in rat liver lipids, while the intake of HOSO increases it.

Conclusions: HLSO diet reduces the endogenous biosynthesis of oleic and palmitic acids, as determined by the analysis of the rat liver NL fraction. A fat diet reduces SCD16 “activity” but increases SCD18 “activity”, especially when fed a diet with HOSO. The diet with HLSO reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA in liver lipids.
Sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations of body mass and height with feet features among 7-13-year-old adolescents
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław , Posłuszny Mariusz
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations between body weight and height with selected feet features among 7–13-year-old children.

Material and method. The research among 7-13-year-old children was being carried out over a period of 3 years in 6 semi-annual editions and allowed to register 16,462 observations of the value of 48 features describing feet, weight, and height of the body. The photogrammetric method was used to measure selected features.

Conclusions

Among 7-13-year-old children, the body height is more often associated with the features of the feet than the body weight.

Among girls, the proportions of the frequency of body height correlations are similar to the percentage of boys, where body weights are more frequent. The mass and body height shows more frequent associations with feet features among children living in the city than among children from the countryside.

The most frequent significant correlations between body weight and height and the features of the feet occur among boys living in the city. Whereby the percentage of body weight correlations in the rural environment is very low. The frequency of body weight and height correlations exceeds that percentage of correlations among girls, who live in the city than in those from rural environment.
Śmierć Marcelego Lubomirskiego w 1809 roku. Kreowanie wzorca bohatera, sensacyjna plotka i realia pola bitwy
Authors: Czubaty Jarosław
Published: April 2022

Śmierć ks. Marcelego Lubomirskiego podczas szturmu na Sandomierz w 1809 r. odbiła się głośnym echem w kręgu polskiej elity politycznej i kulturalnej jako przykład patriotycznego poświęcenia i bohaterskiej śmierci na polu chwały. Zawarte w źródłach informacje na jej temat pozwalają snuć interesujące wnioski na temat ówczesnej mentalności. Na przykładzie salonowych pogłosek o związkach Lubomirskiego z tajnym stowarzyszeniem iluminatów, autor podejmuje kwestię plotki jako źródła historycznego, jej związków z rzeczywistością i wyobrażeń o tajnych stowarzyszeniach w początkach XIX w. W drugiej części artykułu dokonano konfrontacji kilku przekazów w źródłach mówiących o okolicznościach śmierci Lubomirskiego, które skłaniają do refleksji z zakresu psychologii ówczesnego pola walki.
Brakujące nagrania w Archiwum Telewizji Polskiej
Authors: Wojtyński Maciej
Published: April 2022

Archiwum Telewizji Polskiej jest wielce zasobne, ale trudno dostępne. Poza samą TVP wiedza na temat zasad gromadzenia i stanu zachowania jest mizerna, co dotyczy zwłaszcza nagrań. Dlatego zasadne wydaje się przybliżenie wiedzy o Archiwum TVP, o tym, czego można w nim poszukiwać, a zwłaszcza o tym, czego nie uda się tam znaleźć.
Relational Semantics for the Paraconsistent and Paracomplete 4-valued Logic PŁ4
Authors: Robles Gemma , López Sandra M. , Blanco José M.
Published: April 2022

The paraconsistent and paracomplete 4-valued logic PŁ4 is originally interpreted with a two-valued Belnap-Dunn semantics. In the present paper, PŁ4 is endowed with both a ternary Routley-Meyer semantics and a binary Routley semantics together with their respective restriction to the 2 set-up cases.
Orientación e identidad sexual en las relaciones de trabajo
Authors: Sáez Lara Carmen
Published: April 2022

El mundo del trabajo y de la empresa sigue mostrándose como un espacio hostil para las personas LGTBI y, de forma muy especial, para las personas trans. La discriminación en el trabajo por causa de orientación e identidad sexual se manifiesta, al igual que en la sociedad, con diversa intensidad en relación con las personas de estos colectivos. Se trata de una forma de discriminación con rasgos propios, como son el ocultamiento preventivo, la auto segregación, y la LGTBI fobia, determinante de altas dosis de violencia en el trabajo. Desde el conocimiento de estos rasgos de la discriminación hacia las personas LGTBI, se analiza, en el presente trabajo, el marco normativo de la tutela antidiscriminatoria laboral y su aplicación judicial, identificándose sus principales insuficiencias. Igualmente, no es positiva la valoración de la futura Ley para la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans y para la garantía de los derechos de las personas LGTBI, que es claramente insuficiente para abordar los rasgos definitorios de la discriminación por orientación e identidad sexual, en el acceso al empleo y la ocupación. Las medidas laborales se regulan, al igual que las vigentes normas autonómicas, como acciones propias de las políticas públicas, sin que se explicite la causa de esta “autolimitación competencial” del legislador estatal, en materia laboral. No se establecen obligaciones para las empresas, las personas trabajadoras, ni sus representantes sindicales. La Ley tampoco fija obligaciones a la negociación colectiva, para alcanzar la igualdad efectiva de las personas LGTBI. No se han cumplido las reivindicaciones, en fin, de que la LGTBI fobia sea considerada como riesgo psicosocial y de que se establezcan protocolos y medidas de actuación necesarias para su prevención. En definitiva, la valoración, desde la perspectiva jurídico-laboral de esta ley, nos debe llevar finalmente a reflexionar sobre la obligación del Estado de garantizar la igualdad, en el ámbito de las relaciones privadas, dada su responsabilidad en la protección de los derechos humanos, también en las empresas. Palabras clave: Discriminación, empleo y ocupación, igualdad LGTBI
La nueva propuesta europea sobre inteligencia artificial y relaciones laborales
Authors: Tullini Patrizia
Published: April 2022

El aporte examina los principios clave de la disciplina europea sobra l’Inteligencia Atificial y su aplicaciòn en los ordenamientos jurìdicos nacionales para el desarrollo de las relaciones laborales. En particular, se centra en las propuestas recientes de la Unión Europea, como la Directiva relativa a la mejora de las condiciones en el trabajo en plataformas y el Reglamento de la Unión Europea sobre Inteligencia Artificial. Palabras claves: Inteligencia Artificial, Relaciones Laborales, Trabajo en Plataformas; Reglamento Europeo sobre IA.
Pobreza, exclusión social y colectivos discriminados en España y en la Unión Europea*
Authors: Arévalo Quijada Mª Teresa , Fernández Geniz Patrocinio , Gómez Domínguez Dolores
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de los indicadores de pobreza y exclusión social y de la discriminación percibida entre la población de la Unión Europea. Se constata que la pobreza y exclusión social (tasa AROPE) y el riesgo de pobreza monetaria incide en mayor medida en determinados grupos entre los que también se percibe más discriminación, tal es el caso de la discriminación de género, edad o discapacidad. Con relación a la discriminación, los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea perciben en sus países mayores porcentajes de discriminación generalizada entre la población de origen étnico diferente al mayoritario y entre la población LGB, aunque se habría producido una disminución en casi todos los estados miembros en la percepción de discriminación. Palabras claves: Pobreza; Exclusión; AROPE; Discriminación.
La ordenación de las relaciones personales en los institutos de educación secundaria (ies)1 de Andalucía: el plan de convivencia
Authors: Gómez-Torres María José
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de la normativa sobre la que se basa el funcionamiento de los Institutos de Educación Secundaria (IES) de Andalucía. El interés se centra en uno de sus documentos organizativos: el Plan de Convivencia. En este documento se recogen las normas que rigen las relaciones interpersonales en el centro y los protocolos de actuación frente a situaciones que perturban la convivencia en los centros (acoso escolar, maltrato infantil, violencia de género y disconformidad con la identidad de género del estudiantado). Este análisis de la normativa estimula nuestro interés por acceder a los documentos organizativos de una selección de institutos de Sevilla y provincia para conocer la estructura y el contenido del Plan de Convivencia publicado en sus páginas web. Los resultados muestran el riguroso seguimiento de la normativa vigente por parte de los centros públicos en la elaboración y publicación de sus documentos organizativos, así como el escaso uso de la autonomía organizativa de la disfrutan los centros, a la luz de la escasa originalidad encontrada en los documentos analizados. Palabras clave: Enseñanza secundaria, legislación educativa, relaciones interpersonales.
Un acercamiento de la regulación de las prestaciones por viudedad de las parejas de hecho a la protección dispensada por tales prestaciones a las parejas que han contraído matrimonio1. (Breves notas a las modificaciones producidas en la protección de viudedad de las parejas de hecho en la Ley 21/2021, de 28 de diciembre, de garantía del poder adquisitivo de las pensiones y de otras medidas de refuerzo de la sostenibilidad financiera y social del sistema público de pensiones)
Authors: Álvarez Cortés Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

se analiza en la presente aportación las modificaciones realizadas en la Ley 21/2021, de 28 de diciembre, que llevan consigo una mejora de las condiciones de acceso a las prestaciones por muerte y supervivencia por parte de los supervivientes de las parejas de hecho, aunque aún quedan algunos flecos para conseguir una igualdad absoluta con respecto a las parejas casadas. Palabras clave: Prestaciones por muerte y supervivencia, pensión de viudedad, parejas de hecho.
Los trabajadores maduros y las nuevas tecnologías. ¿Una causa de discriminación?
Authors: Ordóñez Casado Mª Iluminada
Published: April 2022

Se trata de determinar si el auge de las nuevas tecnologías puede suponer una causa discriminatoria para los trabajadores maduros. Para ello, tras definir qué se entiende por trabajador maduro, se realiza un recorrido por las grandes revoluciones industriales indicando los avances más importantes y cómo se reflejaron en la sociedad contemporánea. Finalmente se analiza la situación actual, con una sociedad altamente digitalizada, y con la existencia de dos grupos de personas claramente diferenciados como son los “nativos” y los “inmigrantes” digitales, estando los trabajadores maduros incluidos en este último grupo el cual carece de las competencias digitales que se exigen actualmente en las empresas. Esta carencia de competencias digitales y la dificultad para aprenderlas al mismo ritmo que se van produciendo los cambios es lo que nos lleva a pensar que sí existe causa de discriminación. Palabras clave: Trabajadores maduros, nuevas tecnologías, teletrabajo, discriminación
Show and Sell: Studying the Effects of Branded Cigarette Product Placement in TV Shows on Cigarette Sales
Authors: Goli Ali , Mummalaneni Simha , Chintagunta Pradeep K. , Dhar Sanjay K.
Published: April 2022

We evaluate whether and how branded TV product placement affects sales for cigarette brands.
Omnichannel Services: The False Premise and Operational Remedies
Authors: Baron Opher , Chen Xiaole , Li Yang
Published: April 2022

The notion of omnichannel, an integration of brick-and-mortar stores with online channels, has been thriving in recent years and is reforming the traditional service industry. Many service chains, such as Starbucks and McDonald’s, established omnichannel capability by allowing customers to order online in advance before visiting stores for pickup. The premise of omnichannel services is that when customers take advantage of the low-cost-of-waiting online channel, both their utility and the provider’s revenue will increase. Although simply adding an online-ordering option to the conventional walk-in model stimulates revenue, it also inflicts interference on the walk-in channel. We show that online ordering inadvertently reduces customers’ individual utility and social welfare when both channels are used in equilibrium. Moreover, the less it costs to order and wait online, the more the social welfare is reduced. We then evaluate two industry state-of-the-art operational remedies: regulating the use of the online channel and establishing channel-dedicated capacities. Although both remedies may improve the throughput over the walk-in-only service or even the first-come-first-served omnichannel service, they are unlikely to achieve this without jeopardizing the social welfare. We thus propose prioritizing walk-in customers and show that such prioritization can deliver this premise—that is, simultaneously benefiting the service provider and customers in comparison with the conventional walk-in-only service when both channels are used in equilibrium. Our results highlight that creating an efficient marketplace requires synergy between innovative technology and effective operational strategies.

This paper was accepted by Victor Martinez de Albéniz, operations management.

Funding: Y. Li was supported in part by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Project 14505820].

Supplemental Material: The technical supplement and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4416 .
Instillation of Povidone-Iodine as A Management of Chyluria: A Case Report
Authors: Tirtayasa Pande Made Wisnu , Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma
Published: April 2022

Background: Chyluria is usually associated with parasitic disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and is rare in non-endemic regions. The management of chyluria varies according to the severity of the condition. This report describes a case of mild chyluria and successful treatment using sclerotherapy. Case description: A 44-year-old man presented with a first episode of painless milky urine. The diagnosis of chyluria was established following retrograde pyelography showing a fistula between the right pelviocalyces and the retroperitoneal lymphatic systems. The patient had not travelled to any endemic regions. Sclerotherapy using povidone-iodine was carried out resulting in closure of the fistula. Conclusion: Sclerotherapy using povidone-iodine as the sclerosing agent was effective and safe for the management of a patient with mild chyluria. However, the best treatment for chyluria should be tailored to the patient’s condition.
Islamic Insurtech Conceptual Framework: A Proposal
Authors: Mirza Azrul Azlan Iskandar , Muhamed Nurul Aini , Kamarubahrin Aimi Fadzirul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Insurtech refers to the use of technology innovations designed to squeeze cost and maximize efficiency from the current insurance industry model. Insurtech is a combination of the word’s “insurance” and “technology,” inspired by the term fintech i.e. financial technology. Whilst insurance company already move forward, Islamic Insurtech seems not a popular terminology. It may not have unique characteristic from stakeholder’s perspective and therefore it may only be embedded in insurtech definition.
Purpose: This paper aims to explore the potential of having Islamic insurtech in the global market and analyze the opportunity to establish a conceptual framework for Islamic Insurtech.
Methodology: This study uses qualitative approach based on in-depth analyzing on literature, report and website propose subject of the study.
Findings: It is hoped that it will benefit the Islamic insurance or Takaful players to remain relevant in the global market.
Paper Type: General Review
Bandwidth Improvement on Rectangular Monopole Antenna using Dual Bevel Technique for Ultrawideband Technology
Authors: Sabila Liya Yusrina , Damayanti Denti Agustina , Prakoso Teguh
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the analyzed Monopole Antenna for Ultrawideband with a rectangular patch design using bevel technique at a frequency of 3.1 – 10.6 GHz. The fabricated antennas with dual bevel angles have a very compact width and length of 40 mm x 33 mm respectively and a groundplane width of 13 mm. To get bandwidth improvement on monopole antennas can be applied to the bevel angle on the patch. So, to get the best antenna design, 3 optimizations of antenna size changes were carried out during the simulation, that is optimization of patch length, patch width and bevel angle. Variation of patch length and width is used to change the frequency range and variation of bevel angle to increase bandwidth. From each change, the best result is taken. The experiment obtained the best simulation result of antenna and then fabricate it. From the measurement results on the fabricated antenna, the lowest S11 value is -24.6 dB, gain 2.6 dBi at a frequency of 5 GHz and radiation pattern is omnidirectional. The optimization process using the bevel technique has been proven to be successful in shifting the frequency range by around 600 MHz and increasing the bandwidth by about 4% or 30 MHz.
Comparison of bilateral isokinetic and isometric strength differences in elite young male and female taekwondo athletes
Authors: Harbili Sultan , Harbili Erbil , Aslankeser Zübeyde
Published: April 2022

Definition of strength imbalance between legs and muscles does not only play a decisive role for higher performance but also prevents sport injury. The purpose of this study was to determine bilateral differences on isokinetic and isometric strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles in male and female elite young taekwondo athletes. Ten male (age: 19.40± 0.84 years) and female (age: 18.24± 1.42 years) taekwondo athletes of the Turkish national team between 17–20-year of age participated in the study. Concentric peak torque of hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) of the dominant (D) and nondominant leg (ND) was evaluated using isokinetic machine (Cybex Humac Norm) at 60° and 180°/sec. Isometric peak torque of both legs was determined at 60°. Significant differences were found between genders (P<0.05). Concentric and isometric knee strength was significantly greater in male than that of female (P<0.05). Although no significant bilateral strength difference was found in both sexes in concentric and isometric strength (P>0.05), and isometric H strength was in favor of the dominant leg 15% for men athletes and 11% for women. H/Q ratio was similar between gender and legs. The study revealed no bilateral knee strength asymmetry in both male and female taekwondo athletes. However, male had 20%–30% higher isometric and concentric knee extensor and flexor strength than female in both legs.