bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chimeric oligosaccharide conjugate induces opsonic antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 19A and 19F
Authors: Sanapala Someswara Rao , Seco Bruna M. S. , Baek Ju Yuel , Awan Shahid I. , Pereira Claney L. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: June 2020

Chimeric antigens are an attractive means to induce an immune response against multiple bacterial serotypes. The chimeric semisynthetic glycoconjugate ST19AF induced antibodies with opsonic activity able to kill ST19A and ST19F bacteria in rabbits.
Diagnosing surface versus bulk reactivity for molecular catalysis within metal–organic frameworks using a quantitative kinetic model
Authors: Johnson Ben A. , Ott Sascha
Published: June 2020

This report presents diagnostic criteria for determining the limiting processes of MOF-based catalysis: either mass/charge transport or the intrinsic reaction rate. This will facilitate future catalytic material design.
Step-wise linking of vesicles by combining reversible and irreversible linkers – towards total control on vesicle aggregate sizes
Authors: de Lange N. , Leermakers F. A. M. , Kleijn J. M.
Published: June 2020

Controlling the aggregation of vesicles to predetermined aggregate sizes is achieved through the novel use of two different linker systems: streptavidin–biotin and C18-pNIPAm.
Organometallic precursor induced defect-enriched mesoporous CeO2 with high specific surface area: preparation and catalytic performance
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Shen Haidong , Cheng Fang , Wu Chen , Cao Yueling , Zhuo Sifei , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng
Published: June 2020

CeO2 with special physicochemical properties including high specific surface areas, suitable porous structure and surface enriched defects has been prepared by an organometallic precursor induced method.
Electronic state optimization for electrochemical N2 reduction reaction in aqueous solution
Authors: Feng Jinxian , Pan Hui
Published: June 2020

We systematically discuss the relationships between the electronic structures of electrocatalysts and the promotion to N2 electroreduction in aqueous solution.
Custom design of solid–solid phase change material with ultra-high thermal stability for battery thermal management
Authors: Xiao Changren , Zhang Guoqing , Li Zhenghui , Yang Xiaoqing
Published: June 2020

The custom-designed solid–solid phase change material possesses ultra-high thermal stability and exhibits outstanding battery thermal management performance.
Amino acid modified gadofullerene protects against insulin resistance induced by oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Yu Tong , Jia Wang , Zhen Mingming , Zhou Yue , Li Jie , Wang Chunru
Published: June 2020

GF-Ala afforded a significant protection against insulin resistance induced by oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It could reverse the increase of JNK activation and decreases of insulin-stimulated PI3K, Akt, p70S6K activation and GLUT4 translocation.
Highly fluorescent solid-state benzothiadiazole derivatives as saturated red emitters for efficient solution-processed non-doped electroluminescent devices
Authors: Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Chasing Pongsakorn , Chaiwai Chaiyon , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Kaewpuang Terdkait , Manyum Thanaporn , Namuangruk Supawadee , Promarak Vinich
Published: June 2020

Benzothiadiazole derivatives exhibit strong solid-state red fluorescence emission with bipolar properties.
A new mechanistic study of a second generation TADF material based on the path integral approach incorporating Herzberg–Teller and Duschinsky rotation effects
Authors: Lv LingLing , Yuan Kun , Zhao TianYu , Wang YongCheng
Published: June 2020

Quantitative predictions of the photophysical processes for a next generation thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule are calculated by considering the Herzberg–Teller and the Duschinsky rotation effects within a multimode harmonic oscillator model.
Mechanical and thermal stimuli-induced release of toluene included in luminescent crystals as one-dimensional solvent channels
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: June 2020

Thermal and mechanical stimuli-induced release of toluene from luminescent organic crystals is described.
A macromolecular assembly directed ceramic aerogel monolith material
Authors: Yang Ruizhe , Wang Jieyu , An Lu , Petit Donald , Armstrong Jason N. , Liu Yuzi , Huang Yulong , Hu Yong , Shao Zefan , Ren Shenqiang
Published: June 2020

A macromolecular assembly induced transparent and opaque ceramic aerogel material.
The association between adiponectin gene rs182052 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Li-Fang , Xu Gui-Ping , Zhao Qing , Wang Ding , Zhou Li-Jing , Sun Bin , Chen Wei-Xian
Published: June 2020

Background: The evidence for an association between the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphism rs182052 and cancer risk is inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to obtain more precise conclusions.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched until July 11, 2019. And seven epidemiology studies were retrieved, including 4,929 cases and 5,625 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association.

Results: The meta-analysis demonstrated that rs182052 significantly increased the risk of cancer under the allele, homozygote, dominant, and recessive models, based on an overall analysis (A vs. G: OR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03–1.15, P=0.003; AA vs. GG: OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07–1.34, P=0.002; AA+GA vs. GG: OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03–1.22, P=0.010; AA vs. GA+GG: OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01–1.23, P=0.025). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, rs182052 significantly increased the cancer risk in both Asian and Caucasian populations under one or several genetic models. In the stratified analysis by cancer type, rs182052 significantly increased the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) under the five models.

Conclusions: Meta-analysis based on present studies suggests that rs182052 can increase the cancer risk.
RASA1 inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma by decreasing the expression of miR-223-3p and promoting the expression of FBXW7
Authors: Zhang Rui-Li , Aimudula Ainiwaer , Dai Jiang-Hong , Bao Yong-Xing
Published: June 2020

RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1), also known as p120-RasGAP, is a RasGAP protein that functions as a signaling scaffold protein, regulating pivotal signal cascades. However, its biological mechanism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. In the present study, RASA1, F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7), and miR-223-3p expression were assessed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Then, the targeted correlations of miR-223-3p with FBXW7 and RASA1 were verified via a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were implemented independently to explore the impact of RASA1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle progression. Finally, the influence of RASA1 on tumor formation in RCC was assessed in vivo through the analysis of tumor growth in nude mice. Results showed that FBXW7 and RASA1 expression were decreased in RCC tissues and cell lines, while miR-223-3p was expressed at a higher level. Additionally, FBXW7 and RASA1 inhibited cell proliferation but facilitated the population of RCC cells in the G0/G1 phase. Altogether, RASA1 may play a key role in the progression of RCC by decreasing miR-223-3p and subsequently increasing FBXW7 expression.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)
Authors: De Simone M. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Witzel A. , Neri R. , Balucani N. , Caselli P. , Favre C. , Fontani F. , Lefloch B. , Ospina-Zamudio J. , Pineda J. E. , Taquet V.
Published: June 2020

Context.The interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are C-bearing molecules containing at least six atoms; two main proposals for their formation are suggested: a direct formation in the icy mantle of the dust grains and formation through the reaction in gas phase of released grain mantle species. The shocked gas along outflows driven by low-mass protostars is a unique environment to study how the iCOMs can be formed as the composition of the dust mantles is sputtered into the gas phase.

Aims.The chemical richness in shocked material associated with low-mass protostellar outflows has been so far studied in the prototypical L1157 blue-shifted outflow to investigate the iCOM formation routes. To understand whether the case of L1157-B1 is unique, we imaged and studied the IRAS 4A outflows in the NGC 1333 star forming region.

Methods.We used the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array interferometer as part of the IRAM Seeds Of Life in Space (SOLIS) Large Program to image the large-scale bipolar outflows driven by the IRAS 4A system in the 3 mm band, and we compared the observation with the GRAINOBLE+ astrochemical model.

Results.We report the first detection, in the IRAS 4A outflows, of several iCOMs: six lines of methanol (CH3OH), eight of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), one of formamide (NH2CHO), and four of dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), all sampling upper excitation energy up to ~30 K. We found a significant chemical differentiation between the southeast outflow driven by the IRAS 4A1 protostar, showing a richer molecular content, and the north–southwest one driven by the IRAS 4A2 hot corino. The CH3OH/CH3CHO abundance ratio is lower by a factor of ~4 in the former; furthermore, the ratio in the IRAS 4A outflows is lower by a factor of ~10 with respect to the values found in different hot corinos.

Conclusions.After L1157-B1, the IRAS 4A outflow is now the second outflow to show an evident chemical complexity. Given that CH3OH is a grain surface species, the astrochemical gas-phase model run with GRAINOBLE+ reproduced our observation assuming that acetaldehyde is formed mainly through the gas-phase reaction of the ethyl radical (CH3CH2) and atomic oxygen. Furthermore, the chemical differentiation between the two outflows suggests that the IRAS 4A1 outflow is likely younger than that of the IRAS 4A2. Further investigation is needed to constrain the age of the outflow. In addition, observation of even younger shocks are necessary. In order to provide strong constraints on the CH3CHO formation mechanisms it would be interesting to observe CH3CH2, but given that its frequencies are not known, future spectroscopic studies on this species are needed.
Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy and the radio-astronomical investigation of propynethial (HC≡CCHS)
Authors: Margulès L. , McGuire B. A. , Evans C. J. , Motiyenko R. A. , Remijan A. , Guillemin J. C. , Wong A. , McNaughton D.
Published: June 2020

Context. The majority of sulfur-containing molecules detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) are analogs of oxygen-containing compounds. Propynal was detected in the ISM in 1988, hence propynethial, its sulfur derivative, is a good target for an ISM search.

Aims. Our aim is to measure the rotational spectrum of propynethial and use those measurements to search for this species in the ISM. To date, measurements of the rotational spectra of propynethial have been limited to a small number or transitions below 52 GHz. The extrapolation of the prediction to lines in the milimeter-wave domain is inaccurate and does not provide data to permit an unambiguous detection.

Methods. The rotational spectrum was re-investigated up to 630 GHz. Using the new prediction lines of propynethial, as well as the related propynal, a variety of astronomical sources were searched, including star-forming regions and dark clouds.

Conclusions. A total of 3288 transitions were newly assigned and fit together with those from previous studies, reaching quantum numbers up to J = 107 and Ka = 24. Watson’s symmetric top Hamiltonian in the Ir representation was used for the analysis, because the molecule is very close to the prolate limit. The search for propynethial resulted in a non-detection; upper limits to the column density were derived in each source.
Hereditary angioedema type II and dental extraction: case report and literature review
Authors: Aroufi Wafa , Pavageau Claire , Sturque Julie , Zlowodzki Aude-Sophie , Georgescou Gabriela , Denis Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The hereditary angioedema of type II (HAE type II) is a disease which, in the case of invasive acts such as dental extractions, can trigger potentially fatal laryngeal edema. Observation: A 64-year-old man presented to the hospital to perform dental extractions. The anamnesis revealed a history of hereditary angioedema of type II. The National Reference Center for Angioedema (CREAK) recommended a prophylactic protocol before performing this traumatic dental procedure in order to reduce the risk of post-operative edema. Discussion: The HAE type II is under- or misdiagnosed. The literature reports cases of death related to dental procedures in patients unaware of being a carrier of the disease. Conclusion: In case of certain evocative signs (recurrent edema, abdominal pain, family history, etc.), the odontologist must play an active role in the early detection of HAE type II.
Impacts of put option contract and supply chain structure in a multi-period supply chain with uncertain demand
Authors: Wan Nana , Fan Jianchang
Published: June 2020

This paper builds the multi-period optimization models that incorporate put option contract and two supply chain structures to determine the production decision for a supplier and the ordering decision for a manufacturer in a two-stage supply chain. This paper applies the method of dynamic programming to derive the structures of optimal policies and provides an approximate algorithm to evaluate the myopic policies. This paper also conducts numerical examples to illustrate the impacts of put option contract, supply chain structure and demand risk on the members’ decisions and total profits as well as the channel’s total profit. The results indicate that put option contract can motivate to increase the channel’s service level and reduce the manufacturer’s inventory risk under two supply chain structures, when compared to the case without put option contract. In the manufacturer-led structure, the channel always benefits from put option contract, the supplier benefits from put option contract with a high option price and a low exercise price, while the manufacturer benefits from put option contract with a low option price and a high exercise price. In the supplier-led structure, the channel and the manufacturer always benefit from put option contract, while the supplier benefits from put option contract with a high option price and a low exercise price. With put option contract, the supplier is more profitable in the manufacturer-led structure than in the supplier-led structure, while the manufacturer and the channel are more profitable in the supplier-led structure than in the manufacturer-led structure. Without and with put option contract, the optimal total profits of two members and the channel will first decrease and then increase in the demand risk. Finally, this paper identifies the explicit conditions under which the multi-period supply chain can be coordinatedviaput option contract under two supply chain structures. With a coordinating contract, the supplier and the manufacturer are better off compared to the case without put option contract.
Desinfektion, Waschen, Kleben: Vermeiden von Infektionen auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Steiner Jochen
Published: June 2020

Von den 400 000 – 600 000 Patienten mit nosokomialen Infektionen pro Jahr in Deutschland versterben ca. 10 000 – 15 000 an deren Folgen. Vermutlich 20 – 30% der nosokomialen Infektionen wären durch gezielte Maßnahmen vermeidbar 1. Dies zeigt, wie dringend erforderlich hygienisch einwandfreies Arbeiten auf der Intensivstation ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die wichtigsten Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung nosokomialer Infektionen auf.
Grundlagen und Stellenwert der COMT- und MAO-B-Inhibitoren in der Therapie des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms
Authors: Woitalla Dirk , Krüger Rejko , Lorenzl Stefan , Müller Thomas , Oelwein Guenther , Storch Alexander , Wolz Martin , Wüllner Ullrich
Published: June 2020

COMT- und MAO-B-Hemmer gehören neben den Dopamin-Agonisten und Levodopa zu den etablierten Pharmaka zur Behandlung des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (IPS). Die MAO-B-Hemmer Selegilin und Rasagilin entfalten auch in der Monotherapie einen symptomatischen Therapieeffekt, während Safinamid und COMT-Hemmer nur zur Kombinationstherapie mit Levodopa zugelassen sind. Beide Substanzklassen verlängern die Wirkdauer von Levodopa und optimieren die Wirkung der Therapie. Klinisch messbar resultiert eine Verlängerung der ON-Zeit. Der Einsatz von MAO-B-Inhibitoren erfolgte in der Vergangenheit auch unter der Vorstellung einer neuroprotektiven Wirkung. Trotz der aufgrund experimenteller Daten postulierten Wirkung ließ sich dieser Effekt in klinischen Studien bislang nicht zweifelsfrei belegen.
Stratifizierung des Brustkrebsrisikos hinsichtlich der Einflüsse von Alter und mammografischer Dichte
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Heindel Walter , Dietz Caroline , Meyer-Johann Ulrike , Graewingholt Axel , Hense Hans Werner
Published: June 2020

Ziel Analyse des Einflusses der singulären Risikofaktoren Lebensalter und Brustdichte auf die 2-Jahres-Inzidenz des Mammakarzinoms unter Teilnehmerinnen am deutschen Mammografie-Screening-Programm.

Material und Methode Die multizentrische Studie umfasst 111 456 digitale mammografische Folgerunden-Untersuchungen aus 4 Screening-Einheiten mit prospektiver visueller Kategorisierung der Brustdichte. Basierend auf der Detektion im Screening und im 2-Jahres-Intervall nach negativer Screening-Teilnahme (Intervallkarzinome) wurden 2-Jahres-Brustkrebsinzidenzen (2-JBI) (‰) in den 5-Jahres-Altersgruppen (5-JAG) der Zielgruppe 50–69 Jahre und in den Dichtekategorien ACR 1–4 berechnet. Multivariate statistische Auswertungen erfolgten mit logistischen Regressionsmodellen.

Ergebnisse Mit steigender 5-JAG stieg die 2-JBI von 5,0 ‰, 6,7 ‰ und 8,5 ‰ auf 9,7 ‰ und unterschied sich unter den 55–59-, 60–64- und 65–69-jährigen Frauen signifikant von der jüngsten Referenzgruppe 50–54 Jahre (Odds-Ratio (OR): 1,34, 1,68 bzw. 1,93; p < 0,0001). Mit Anstieg der ACR-Kategorien 1–4 nahm die 2 JBI von 2,6 ‰, auf 5,8 ‰, 9,6 ‰ und 9,7 ‰ zu. Die 2-JBI unterschied sich in ACR 2, 3 und 4 signifikant von der Referenzgruppe ACR 1 (OR: 2,17, 3,65 bzw. 3,76; p < 0,0001). Nur innerhalb der beiden Hauptgruppen ACR 2 (Häufigkeit 44,3 %) und ACR 3 (44,7 %) zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der 2-JBI über die 5-JAG (ACR 2: 3,7 ‰–8,9 ‰; ACR 3: 5,8 ‰–11,7 ‰; p < 0,001). 2-JBI lagen über dem Median von 7,5 ‰ bei Frauen mit ACR 2 und Alter 65–69 Jahre sowie bei ACR 3 und ACR 4 im Alter 55–69 Jahre. 2-JBI unter dem Median hatten Frauen zwischen 50–54 Jahren, unabhängig von der Brustdichte, sowie Frauen der Kategorie ACR 1 in allen Altersgruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Innerhalb der Hauptkategorien ACR 2 und ACR 3 (fast 90 % der Teilnehmerinnen) steigen die Inzidenzen mit zunehmendem Alter bis zu einer Verdopplung. Eine konsistent niedrige Inzidenz findet sich unabhängig von der Brustdichte bei jungem Screening-Alter und bei Frauen mit geringster Brustdichte.
Public Reporting über stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen
in Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung der
Qualitätsinformationen
Authors: Kast Kristina , Emmert Martin , Maier Claudia Bettina
Published: June 2020

Zielsetzungen Es liegen bislang wenige Erkenntnisse über Public
Reporting für den stationären Pflegesektor vor. Daher werden im
Rahmen dieser Arbeit (1) Webseiten identifiziert, die in Deutschland für
die Pflegeheimsuche zur Verfügung stehen, (2) diese im Hinblick auf die
allgemeinen Informationen und den Funktionsumfang systematisch beschrieben, (3)
die zur Verfügung stehenden Qualitätsinformationen erfasst und
(4) untersucht, in wie weit sie einen Nutzen für Betroffene darstellen
können.

Methodik 1) Systematische Internetrecherche zur Identifikation potenziell
in Frage kommender Webseiten. 2) Analyse der Webseiten hinsichtlich Ein- und
Ausschlusskriterien. 3) Datenerhebung auf den eingeschlossenen Webseiten. 4)
Beschreibung des allgemeinen Inhalts und des Funktionsumfangs der Webseiten. 5)
Erhebung qualitätsbezogener Informationen über
Pflegeeinrichtungen (Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität, Kosten,
Prüfergebnisse, Nutzerfeedback). 6) Evaluierung des Nutzens der
Webseiten durch die Analyse der Qualitätsinformationen mittels Anwendung
eines Kriterienkatalogs.

Ergebnisse 24 Webseiten ermöglichen derzeit eine Suche nach
Pflegeeinrichtungen. Einen direkten Onlinevergleich von Einrichtungen erlauben 4
Webseiten und eine Onlinebewertung ist auf 17% möglich. Alle
Webseiten weisen Informationen zur Strukturqualität auf, keine jedoch
zur pflegerischen Ergebnisqualität. Webseitenübergreifend
beträgt der relative Informationsnutzen 19%. Umfassende
Informationen gibt es insbesondere im Bereich Lage und Erreichbarkeit
(79%), während der Bereich Pflege mit 9% nur schwach
thematisiert wird.

Schlussfolgerung Es existieren zahlreiche Webseiten für die Suche
nach Pflegeeinrichtungen. Sie weisen eine Bandbreite an heterogenen Funktionen
und Informationen auf. Mehr Webseiten sollten einen direkten Onlinevergleich der
Einrichtungen anbieten. In Bezug auf den Informationsnutzen scheinen die
Nutzerpräferenzen aktuell noch nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt
zu sein. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten könnten darauf abzielen, den Nutzen
der Ergebnisqualität begleitend zu evaluieren und die Aussagekraft des
Nutzerfeedbacks zu analysieren.
SARS-CoV-2: Organisationsempfehlungen für radiologische Abteilungen
Authors: Schreyer Andreas G , Weßling Johannes
Published: June 2020

Die weiter zunehmende Verbreitung von SARS-CoV-2 als von der WHO anerkannte Pandemie prägt gegenwärtig entscheidend unser gesellschaftliches und ärztliches Handeln.
Therapie von kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen bei Diabetes im Alter
Authors: Bahrmann Philipp
Published: June 2020

Viele kardiologische Erkrankungen sind altersassoziiert, das heißt, ihre Inzidenz und Prävalenz nimmt mit dem Alter zu. Neben den allgemeinen Grundlagen der kardiologischen Behandlung gibt es bei hochbetagten Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus klinische und therapeutische Besonderheiten, die im vorliegenden Artikel anhand der für die Altersmedizin besonders relevanten Krankheitsbilder – koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) mit akutem Koronarsyndrom (ACS), arterielle Hypertonie und Vorhofflimmern (AF) – dargestellt werden sollen.
Insulintherapie bei älteren Menschen mit Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Wernecke Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Bei Typ-2-Diabetes ist Insulin noch immer eines der wichtigsten Antidiabetika, bei Typ-1-Diabetes ist es das einzige Antidiabetikum. Die Lebenserwartung bei Diabetes mellitus ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich gestiegen und ältere Menschen mit Diabetes stellen die größte Patientengruppe dar. Damit zeigen aber auch viele Patienten ausgeprägte Funktionsdefizite, welche die Insulintherapie erheblich beeinträchtigen können. Für eine realistische Therapiezielentscheidung müssen daher neben den klassischen Begleiterkrankungen und der Lebenserwartung auch die Gesundheitskompetenz der Patienten und deren Funktionseinschränkungen im Sinne der sogenannten geriatrischen Syndrome berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere beim Übergang von der Insulin-Selbsttherapie zur Übernahme durch externe Hilfe ist diese Einschätzung eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage. Aufgrund der häufigen Defizite sollten nicht nur die professionelle Pflege, sondern auch pflegende Angehörige zur Insulintherapie im Alter geschult werden. Nur so lässt sich Lebensqualität auch für ältere Menschen mit Diabetes und Insulintherapie steigern, erhalten oder ein Abbau möglichst verlangsamen.
Evaluation der Ösophagoskopie im Staging und Restaging von Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen
Authors: Weber Lena , Blachutzik Oliver , Vielsmeier Veronika , Andorfer Kornelia , Matthias Christoph , Künzel Julian
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund Die Ösophagoskopie als Teil der Panendoskopie ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik und Nachsorge von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen (HNSCC). Zweitkarzinome haben gravierenden Einfluss auf die Therapie der Primärerkrankung. Diese Arbeit soll prüfen, ob die routinemäßige Ösophagoskopie gerechtfertigt ist oder ob prädiktive Faktoren eine Selektion von Patienten mit erhöhtem Risikoprofil erlauben.

Material und Methoden In einem systematischen Review wurden die Inzidenz von Zweitkarzinomen des Ösophagus und die Komplikationsrate der Ösophagoskopie erfasst. Eine retrospektive Auswertung erfolgte am eigenen Patientenkollektiv. Zur Evaluation der gängigen Praxis an deutschen HNO-Kliniken wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse 1053 Ösophagoskopien bei 800 Patienten mit HNSCC wurden ausgewertet. Es traten 7 (0,9 %) synchrone Zweittumoren auf. In 253 Kontroll-Ösophagoskopien wurden 5 (2 %) metachrone Zweittumoren detektiert. In einem Fall (0,1 %) kam es zu einer iatrogenen Perforation. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Risikofaktoren (Noxen, Lokalisation Primärtumor etc.) und der Inzidenz von Zweitkarzinomen wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Das Literaturreview ergab eine mittlere gewichtete Inzidenz der Zweitkarzinome für Europa/USA von 1,8 % und 4,1 % für Asien sowie eine Rate der iatrogenen Ösophagusperforation von 0–0,2 %. Die Umfrage zeigte eine routinemäßige Durchführung der Ösophagoskopie im Staging (100 %), in der Nachsorge in 65,3 %.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ösophagoskopie ist ein sicheres Verfahren zum Ausschluss eines Zweitkarzinoms des Ösophagus. Um eine Patientenselektion nach entsprechendem Risikoprofil – insbesondere in der Tumornachsorge – zu ermöglichen, sind prospektive multizentrische Studien erforderlich.
Plastic-Reconstructive Treatment Algorithm for Dead Space Management Following Septic Total Hip Arthroplasty Removal: AV Loop and Two-Stage Free Myocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Münchow Sandra , Dragu Adrian , Rammelt Stefan , Reeps Christian , Stiehler Maik
Published: June 2020

Background A 61-year-old patient presented with a right Girdlestone hip and wound dehiscence due to extensive dead space after radical debridement and septic arthroplasty removal. A two-stage reconstruction with the application of a subcutaneous autologous arterio-venous (AV) loop using an autologous vena saphena magna (VSM) interposition graft followed by a free latissimus dorsi flap was performed.

Method We decided to perform a two-stage procedure with AV loop creation in the first step and free flap transplantation seven days after it. In the first step, an AV vascular loop was prepared by transplanting the contralateral VSM interposition graft to the inguinal femoral vessels with subcutaneous passage of the venous loop. In the second step after 7 days, the wound was closed by a two-team approach. One surgical team completed the wound debridement, while the other team harvested the flap by microsurgical preparation of the thoracodorsal pedicle in the right axilla. Upon completed harvest, the flap was placed into the wound to fill the periosseous dead space, and the anastomosis was performed in an end-to-end fashion.

Result The patient remained free of infection with a well-healed flap. He was mobilized on crutches with partial weight bearing on the operated leg. A lower extremity prosthesis with pelvic support was customized.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Small-Group Training in Teaching Medical Students Integral Clinical Eye Examination Skills
Authors: Lee John Y. , Gallo Ryan A. , Alabiad Chrisfouad R.
Published: June 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive, small-group ophthalmology clinical training session by assessing medical students' self-confidence with eye examination skills and long-term retention of direct ophthalmoscopy skills.

Methods The second-year medical students participated in a one-time small-group clinical training session that taught essential components of the eye examination. Students reported their confidence with each component in pre- and postsession surveys. Eight months later, direct ophthalmoscopy skills were reassessed by having students visualize the optic nerves of standardized patients and identify the matching optic nerve photograph in a multiple-choice quiz.

Results Among 197 second-year medical students who participated in the training session, 172 students completed the presession survey (87.3% response rate) and 108 students completed the postsession survey (54.8% response rate). Following the training session, students reported increased self-confidence (p < 0.01) overall. A total of 107 (107/108; 99.1%) students reported that they visualized the optic nerve head, and 80 out of 85 (94.1%) students stated that they preferred the PanOptic ophthalmoscope over the traditional direct ophthalmoscope. Students reported greater self-confidence using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope (p < 0.01). In the 8-month follow-up assessment, 42 medical students (42/197; 21.3%) completed the exercise. A total of 41 (41/42; 97.6%) students stated that they saw the optic nerve with the PanOptic ophthalmoscope; 24 (24/42; 57.1%) students identified the correct optic nerve image using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope on a standardized patient; 14 (14/42; 33.3%) students stated that they saw the optic nerve with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope; and 4 (4/42; 9.1%) students from the same cohort identified the correct optic nerve image with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope on a standardized patient.

Conclusion Our comprehensive, one-time eye examination skills training session seeks to prepare students to incorporate these skills in future patient care. Students' overall confidence improved in each aspect of the eye examination that was covered. A follow-up assessment on students' direct ophthalmoscopy skills suggests that the PanOptic ophthalmoscope allows for superior skills retention as compared with the traditional direct ophthalmoscope. We believe that the PanOptic ophthalmoscope should be further integrated into medical education and clinical practice.
Obstetric Outcomes in Military Servicewomen: Emerging Knowledge, Considerations, and Gaps
Authors: Mezwa Kathryn , Adelsheim Lee , Markenson Glenn
Published: June 2020

The number of women in the U.S. military is dramatically increasing. Similarly, the roles of active-duty women are greatly expanding, thus exposing them to new occupational risks. Determining the impact of pregnancy outcomes for women while in the military is difficult due to changing exposures over time, difficulty in utilizing appropriate comparison groups, and the lack of prospective investigations. Despite these limitations, it was concerning that the available data suggest that servicewomen delivering within 6 months of their first deployment have an increased preterm birth risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.1), and those with three prior deployments have an even greater risk (aOR: 3.8). Servicewomen also have an increased risk of hypertensive disorders with a rate of 13% compared with 5% in the general obstetric population. Furthermore, depression is higher for women who deploy after childbirth and are exposed to combat when compared with those who have not deployed since the birth of their child (aOR: 2.01). Due to the importance of this issue, prospective research designs are necessary to better understand and address the unique health care needs of this population.
16.13.6 Quinazolines (Update 2020)
Authors: Campagne J. M. , Leclerc E.
Published: June 2020

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions (Sections 16.13 and 16.13.5) covering the synthesis of quinazolines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2012-2019, gathering all the methods reported in this period, but with a particular emphasis on transition-metal-catalyzed synthetic processes.
16.12.5 Pyrimidines (Update 2020)
Authors: Campagne J. M. , Leclerc E.
Published: June 2020

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions (Section 16.12 and 16.12.5) covering the synthesis and substituent modification of pyrimidines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2012–2019, gathering all the methods reported in this period, but with a particular emphasis on transition-metal-catalyzed synthetic processes.
Dynamic jump intensities and news arrival in oil futures markets
Authors: Ensor Katherine B. , Han Yu , Ostdiek Barbara , Turnbull Stuart M.
Published: June 2020

We introduce a new class of discrete-time models that explicitly recognize the impact of news arrival. The distribution of returns is governed by three factors: dynamics volatility and two Poisson compound processes, one for negative news and one for positive news. We show in a model-free environment that the arrival of negative and positive news has an asymmetric effect on oil futures returns and volatility. Using the first 12 futures contracts, our empirical results confirm that the effects of negative and positive news are described by different processes, a significant proportion of volatility is explained by news arrival and the impact of negative news is larger than that of positive news.
On the stability and necessary electrophoretic mobility of bare oil nanodroplets in water
Authors: Pullanchery S. , Kulik S. , Okur H. I. , de Aguiar H. B. , Roke S.
Published: June 2020

Hydrophobic oil droplets, particles, and air bubbles can be dispersed in water as kinetically stabilized dispersions. It has been established since the 19th century that such objects harbor a negative electrostatic potential roughly twice larger than the thermal energy. The source of this charge continues to be one of the core observations in relation to hydrophobicity, and its molecular explanation is still debated. What is clear though is that the stabilizing interaction in these systems is understood in terms of electrostatic repulsion via Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory. Recent work [A. P. Carpenter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 9214 (2019)] has added another element into the discussion, reporting the creation of bare near-zero charged droplets of oil in neat water that are stable for several days. Key to the creation of the droplets is a rigorous glassware cleaning procedure. Here, we investigate these conclusions and show that the cleaning procedure of glassware has no influence on the electrophoretic mobility of the droplets and that oil droplets with near-zero charge are unstable. We provide an alternative possible explanation for the observations involving glass surface chemistry.
Elastic properties of self-assembled bilayer membranes: Analytic expressions via asymptotic expansion
Authors: Cai Yongqiang , Li Sirui , Shi An-Chang
Published: June 2020

Bilayer membranes self-assembled from amphiphilic molecules are ubiquitous in biological and soft matter systems. The elastic properties of bilayer membranes are essential in determining the shape and structure of bilayers. A novel method to calculate the elastic moduli of the self-assembled bilayers within the framework of the self-consistent field theory is developed based on an asymptotic expansion of the order parameters in terms of the bilayer curvature. In particular, the asymptotic expansion method is used to derive analytic expressions of the elastic moduli, which allows us to design more efficient numerical schemes. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated by a model system composed of flexible amphiphilic chains dissolved in hydrophilic polymeric solvents.
A new enigmatic genus of subterranean amphipod (Amphipoda : Bogidielloidea) from Terrell County, Texas, with the establishment of Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov., and notes on the family Bogidiellidae
Authors: Cannizzaro A. G. , Gibson J. R. , Sawicki T. R.
Published: June 2020

The superfamily Bogidielloidea is one of the most wide-ranging hypogean amphipod taxa currently known, comprising over 130 species in 43 genera occurring on every continent except Antarctica. This large distribution among such cryptic organisms is curious, especially when combined with weak morphological characters uniting the superfamily. A unique new genus and species of bogidielloid amphipod, Simplexia longicrus, gen. et sp. nov., described from Terrell County, Texas, sheds light on the evolutionary relationships within this grouping. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the order Amphipoda using two nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene reveal that this species and the sympatric Parabogidiella americana form a clade removed from other sequenced members of Bogidiellidae sensu stricto, and, as such, the two species are placed in the newly erected Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov. Additional phylogenetic analyses of the cosmopolitan Bogidiellidae are recommended to further resolve its systematics.
Barriers to syphilis testing among men who have sex with men: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Turpin Rodman , Rosario Andre D. , Dyer Typhanye
Published: June 2020

Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent the highest risk group for syphilis in the United States and several other countries. Improving uptake of syphilis testing among MSM requires understanding key barriers to testing in this population. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review to assess proportions of syphilis testing among MSM and identify social, structural, and individual barriers to syphilis testing was conducted. All searches were conducted through the University of Maryland world catalogue search engine. Studies that measured syphilis testing in a sample of MSM were included. All studies were assessed for bias using JBI-MAStARI instruments. Studies were synthesised based on sample size, years of data collection, study selection method (e.g. hospital or clinic-based, community/venue-based), location (e.g. USA-based, other countries) and results of the bias assessment. For studies measuring barriers associated with testing, the measure of association, point estimate and statistical significance was assessed. Of 848 studies found in the initial search, 24 were included in the final review. The largest difference in syphilis testing proportions was based on hospital or clinic-based sampling (50–87%) compared with venue/community-based and online sampling (31–38%). Socioeconomic factors (four items, four studies, OR 0.23 to 0.68), healthcare interactions six items, five studies, OR 0.09 to 0.69) and community/interpersonal factors (seven items, five studies, OR 0.07 to 0.58) were identified as barriers to testing. Barriers to syphilis testing among MSM include socioeconomic factors, healthcare-related factors and community/interpersonal factors. Improving overall routine utilisation of healthcare services is an especially important focal point in testing promotion.
Dynamic human MutSα–MutLα complexes compact mismatched DNA
Authors: Bradford Kira C. , Wilkins Hunter , Hao Pengyu , Li Zimeng M. , Wang Bangchen , Burke Dan , Wu Dong , Smith Austin E. , Spaller Logan , Du Chunwei , Gauer Jacob W. , Chan Edward , Hsieh Peggy , Weninger Keith R. , Erie Dorothy A.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Mismatch repair is the process that corrects replication errors. Mutations in the proteins MutSα and MutLα that initiate MMR are responsible for Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary cancer. We present results showing surprising stoichiometries and conformations of human MutSα and MutLα mismatch repair initiation complexes. Moreover, these multimeric MutSα–MutLα complexes reconfigure the DNA in the vicinity of the mismatch. These complexes may not only mark the position of the mismatch but also could protect it from nucleosome reloading and potentially remodel adjacent nucleosomes. These results contrast with current models in the field, which envision mobile 1:1 MutSα–MutLα complexes that leave the mismatch. Our results provide a framework for thinking about MMR initiation.
Development and validation of a device for in vitro uniaxial cell substrate deformation with real-time strain control
Authors: Apa L , Carraro S , Pisu S , Peruzzi B , Rizzuto E , Prete Z Del
Published: June 2020

Substrate deformation affects the behaviour of many cell types, including bone, skeletal muscle and endothelial cells. Nowadays, in vitro tests are widely employed to study the mechanotransduction induced by substrate deformation. The aim of in vitro systems is to properly reproduce the mechanical stimuli sensed by the tissue in the cellular microenvironment. Accurate strain measurement and control is therefore necessary to ensure the cell senses the proper strain for the entire treatment. Different types of in vitro systems are commercially available or can be custom-designed; however, none of these devices performs a real-time measurement of the induced strains. In this study, we proposed a uniaxial strain device for in vitro cell stimulation with an innovative real-time strain control. The system was designed to induce sinusoidal waveform stimulation in a huge range of amplitude and frequency, to three silicone chambers stretched by a linear actuator. The real-time strain measurement and control algorithm is based on an optical tracking method implemented in LabVIEW 2015, and it is able to adapt the input amplitude to the linear motor, if necessary, hanging the stimulation signal for about 120 ms. Validation of the strain values measured during the real-time tracking algorithm was carried out through a comparison with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. We investigated the influence of number of reference points and image size on the algorithm accuracy. Experimental results showed that the tracking algorithm allowed for a real-time measurement of membrane longitudinal strains with a relative error of 0.3%, on average, in comparison to the strains measured with DIC in post-processing analysis. We showed a high homogeneity of the strain pattern on the entire chamber base for different stimulation conditions. Finally, as proof of concept, we employed the uniaxial strain device to induce substrate deformation in a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2). The experimental results showed a consistent change in cell shape in response to the mechanical strain.
Site testing campaign for the Large Optical/infrared Telescope of China: overview
Authors: Feng Lu , Hao Jin-Xin , Cao Zi-Huang , Bai Jin-Min , Yang J , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Hou Jin-Liang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Liu Yu , Song Teng-Fei , Liu Li-Yong , Yin Jia , Chen Hua-Lin , Pei Chong , Esamdin Ali , Ma Lu , Bai Chun-Hai , Wei Peng , Xu Jing , Pu Guang-Xin , Feng Guo-Jie , Zhang Xuan , Ming Liang , Yisikandee Abudusaimaitijiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Li Jian , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Wang Xia , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Xue Yan-Jie , Chen Jian-Sheng , Hu Jing-Yao , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying
Published: June 2020

The Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) is a ground-based 12 m diameter optical/infrared telescope which is proposed to be built in the western part of China in the next decade. Based on satellite remote sensing data, along with geographical, logistical and political considerations, three candidate sites were chosen for ground-based astronomical performance monitoring. These sites include: Ali in Tibet, Daocheng in Sichuan and Muztagh-ata in Xinjiang. Up until now, all three sites have continuously collected data for two years. In this paper, we will introduce this site testing campaign, and present its monitoring results obtained during the period between March 2017 and March 2019.
Long-term analysis of clear nights using satellite data considering astronomical sites in western China
Authors: Cao Zi-Huang , Liu Li-Yong , Zhao Yong-Heng , Feng Lu , Jones Hugh R. A. , Shen Huang , Hao Jin-Xin , Xue Yan-Jie , Yao Yong-Qiang , Xu Jing , Esamdin Ali , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Li Jian , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Yan Tai-Sheng , Wang Xia , Xiong Jian-Ping , Yu Si-Cheng , Zhang Jun-Bo , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying , Yin Jia , Pu Guang-Xin , Wei Peng , Bai Chun-Hai , Feng Guo-Jie , Ma Lu , Song Teng-Fei , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Zeng Xian-Qun , Hou Zhi-Gang , Liao Shi-Long , Cao Zhi-Song , Fan Dong-Wei , Xu Yun-Fei , Li Chang-Hua , Tao Yi-Han
Published: June 2020

A large ground-based optical/infrared telescope is being planned for a world-class astronomical site in China. The cloud-free night percentage is the primary meteorological consideration for evaluating candidate sites. The data from GMS and NOAA satellites and the MODIS instrument were utilized in this research, covering the period from 1996 to 2015. Our data analysis benefits from overlapping results from different independent teams as well as a uniform analysis of selected sites using GMS+NOAA data. Although significant ground-based monitoring is needed to validate these findings, we identify three different geographical regions with a high percentage of cloud-free conditions (∼83% on average), which is slightly lower than at Mauna Kea and Cerro Armazones (∼85% on average) and were chosen for the large international projects TMT and ELT respectively. Our study finds evidence that cloud distributions and the seasonal changes affected by the prevailing westerly winds and summer monsoons reduce the cloud cover in areas influenced by the westerlies. This is consistent with the expectations from climate change models and is suggestive that most of the identified sites will have reduced cloud cover in the future.
Data processing and data products from 2017 to 2019 campaign of astronomical site testing at Ali, Daocheng and Muztagh-ata
Authors: Cao Zi-Huang , Hao Jin-Xin , Feng Lu , Jones Hugh R. A. , Li Jian , Xu Jing , Liu Li-Yong , Song Teng-Fei , Wang Jian-Feng , Chen Hua-Lin , Xue Yan-Jie , Shen Huang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Qi Zhao-Xiang , Shi Jian-Rong , Tian Yuan , Wang Zheng , Wang Xia , Hou Jin-Liang , Bai Jin-Ming , Yang Ji , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Yin Jia , Esamdin Ali , Pu Guang-Xin , Wei Peng , Bai Chun-Hai , Feng Guo-Jie , Ma Lu , Zhang Xuan , Liu Yu , Pei Chong , Shen Zhi-Xia , Jiang Yun-Ying , Tian Jian-Feng , Zeng Xian-Qun , Hou Zhi-Gang , Yang Xu , Zhang Jun-Bo , Liao Shi-Long , Fan Dong-Wei , Xu Yun-Fei , Xiong Jian-Ping , Yan Tai-Sheng , Zhang Xi , Li Chang-Hua , Tao Yi-Han , Yu Si-Cheng , Cao Zhi-Song , Wang Hong-Shuai
Published: June 2020

Based on previous site testing and satellite cloud data, Ali, Daocheng and Muztagh-ata have been selected as candidate sites for the Large Optical/Infrared Telescope (LOT) in China. We present the data collection, processing, management and quality analysis for our site testing based on using similar hardware. We analyze meteorological data, seeing, background light, cloud and precipitable water vapor data from 2017 March 10 to 2019 March 10. We also investigated the relative usefulness of our all-sky camera data in comparison to that from the meteorological TERRA satellite data based on a night-by-night comparison of the correlation and consistency between them.We find a 6% discrepancy arising from a wide range of factors.