bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of wooden based flask from tropical hardwood species
Authors: Ogunsanwo Yekin , Onakpoma Ighoyivwi , Korede Mary
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ogunsanwo OY, Onakpoma I, Korede M. 2020. Thermal properties of wooden based flask from tropical hardwood species. Asian J For 4: 61-64. Most materials used for production of conventional thermos flask (metals and plastics) are not environment friendly with particular concerns about plastic which are not biodegradable. Wood waste management is important in producing environmentally friendly materials and achieving sustainable development in forestry through wood waste utilization as thermos flask. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the thermal properties of wooden thermos flask (WTF) using tropical hardwood species with a view to promoting the use of greener technology. Offcuts of Tectona grandis and Albizia saman were used to produce 12 WTF of two thicknesses (11 mm and 12 mm), with a height of 10.5'' using bamboo as inner lining. The heat loss and heat gain by the wooden flasks and conventional flask were collected using a thermometer which was inserted into the cap of the flasks through a hole drilled in it, the hole was covered at intervals to prevent heat loss and heat gain from the opening. Data was collected every two hours for twelve hours. The study was laid out in a 2×2 factorial experimental in a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p=0.05. The highest heat loss (64.00ºC) after 12 hours was observed in Tectona grandis WTF with 11 mm and 12 mm while Albizia saman thermos flask with 12 mm thickness had the least heat loss (62.00ºC). Metallic flask lost only about 30.00 ºC of its heat content after 12 hours. The highest heat gain (28ºC) after 12 hours was observed in Tectona grandis WTF with 11mm and 12mm while Albizia saman WTF with 11 mm thickness had the least heat gain (25.67ºC). Heat gained by WTF was 28.00ºC and 25.83ºC for Tectona grandis and Albizia saman respectively after 12 hours while heat gain by the metallic flask after 12 hours was 18.00ºC. Species and thickness did not significantly affect heat loss and gain of thermos flask. Significant difference was however observed between the heat lost and gained by WTF and metallic flask. Wooden thermos flask still retained heat and prevented loss to a certain degree but technological improvement would perform better.
Bringing back the Chakaria Sundarbans mangrove forest of South-east Bangladesh through sustainable management approach
Authors: Dutta Shourav , HOSSAIN MOHAMMED KAMAL
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Dutta S, Hossain MK. 2020. Bringing back the Chakaria Sundarbans mangrove forest of South-east Bangladesh through sustainable management approach. Asian J For 4: 65-75. The oldest mangrove forest of Indian sub-continent namely Chakaria Sundarbans (CS) is currently in a critical situation. Destructive anthropogenic and natural impacts coupled with shrimp farming and excessive grazing has caused severe damage to this oldest mangrove ecosystem. A study was carried out based on the extensive literature survey and tried to explore the overall situation and conservation practices for CS of Bangladesh. This paper analyzed, reviewed, and identified the impacts of natural and man-made effects on CS mangroves. Finally, we recommended the sustainable management approach (SMA) including policy and participation of the local people for bringing back this potential natural mangrove forest resource of CS along with rich forest diversity.
Collimating micro-lens fiber array for noncontact near-infrared diffuse correlation tomography
Authors: Feng Shijie , Gui Zhiguo , Zhang Xiaojuan , Shang Yu
Published: February 2021

Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy/tomography (DCS/DCT) has recently emerged as a noninvasive measurement/imaging technology for tissue blood flow. In DCT studies, the high-dense collection of light temporal autocorrelation curves (g2(τ)) via fiber array are critical for image reconstruction of blood flow. Previously, the camera-based fiber array limits the field of view (FOV), precluding its applications on large-size human tissues. The line-shape fiber probe based on lens combination, which is predominantly used in current DCT studies, requires rotated-scanning over the surface of target tissue, substantially prolonging the measurement time and increasing the system instability. In this study, we design a noncontact optical probe for DCT based on collimating micro-lens fiber array, termed as FA-nc-DCT system. For each source/detector fiber, a single optical path was collimated by coupling with one micro-lens in the fiber array that is integrated in a square-shape base. Additionally, an 8×8 optical switch is used to share the hardware laser and detectors without spatial scanning. The FA-nc approach for the precise collection of g2(τ) curves was validated through a speed-varied phantom experiment and the human experiments of cuff occlusion, from which the expected value of the blood flow index (BFI) was obtained. Furthermore, the flow anomaly in the phantom and the ischemic muscle in human were accurately reconstructed from the FA-nc-DCT system, which is combined with the imaging framework based on the Nth-order linear algorithm that we recently created. Those outcomes demonstrated the great potential of FA-nc-DCT technology for fast and robust imaging of various diseases such as human breast cancers.
Comparison of round- and square-core fibers for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy
Authors: Velsink Matthias C. , Lyu Zhouping , Pinkse Pepijn W. H. , Amitonova Lyubov V.
Published: February 2021

Multimode fibers (MMFs) show great promise as miniature probes for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy applications. Different parameters of the fibers, such as numerical aperture, refractive index profile and length, have been already optimized for better performance. Here we investigate the role of the core shape, in particular for wavefront shaping applications where a focus is formed at the output of the MMF. We demonstrate that in contrast to a conventional round-core MMF, a square-core design does not suffer from focus aberrations. Moreover, we find that how the interference pattern behind a square-core fiber decorrelates with the input frequency is largely independent of the input light coupling. Finally, we demonstrate that a square core shape provides an on-average uniform distribution of the output intensity, free from the input-output correlations seen in round fibers, showing great promise for imaging and spectroscopy applications.
Spatial distribution of gas-phase synthesized germanium nanoparticle volume-fraction and temperature using combined in situ line-of-sight emission and extinction spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Guannan , Asif Muhammad , Menser Jan , Dreier Thomas , Mohri Khadijeh , Schulz Christof , Endres Torsten
Published: February 2021

In this study, emission and extinction spectroscopy were combined to in situ measure temperature and volume fraction distributions of liquid germanium nanoparticle gas-phase synthesized in an argon/hydrogen/germane flow through a microwave plasma. Emission of the hot particles and extinction against a continuous background were recorded by a spectrometer in the 380–703 nm and 230–556 nm ranges, respectively, selected based on the specific optical properties of the material. Absorption coefficients were deconvoluted from line-of-sight attenuation (LOSA) measurements by a least-square algorithm and then used to determine the local volume fraction distribution. The temperature field was derived from the line-of-sight emission (LOSE) spectra with the prior knowledge of absorption coefficients. A multi-wavelength reconstruction model was developed for the determination of the spatially-resolved distribution of the measured quantities assuming a stationary axisymmetric flow. Advantages of the method include experimental simplicity, low cost, and adaptability to up-scaled reactor sizes.
Inferring the structures of signaling motifs from paired dynamic traces of single cells
Authors: Haggerty Raymond A. , Purvis Jeremy E.
Published: February 2021

Individual cells show variability in their signaling dynamics that often correlates with phenotypic responses, indicating that cell-to-cell variability is not merely noise but can have functional consequences. Based on this observation, we reasoned that cell-to-cell variability under the same treatment condition could be explained in part by a single signaling motif that maps different upstream signals into a corresponding set of downstream responses. If this assumption holds, then repeated measurements of upstream and downstream signaling dynamics in a population of cells could provide information about the underlying signaling motif for a given pathway, even when no prior knowledge of that motif exists. To test these two hypotheses, we developed a computer algorithm called MISC (Motif Inference from Single Cells) that infers the underlying signaling motif from paired time-series measurements from individual cells. When applied to measurements of transcription factor and reporter gene expression in the yeast stress response, MISC predicted signaling motifs that were consistent with previous mechanistic models of transcription. The ability to detect the underlying mechanism became less certain when a cell’s upstream signal was randomly paired with another cell’s downstream response, demonstrating how averaging time-series measurements across a population obscures information about the underlying signaling mechanism. In some cases, motif predictions improved as more cells were added to the analysis. These results provide evidence that mechanistic information about cellular signaling networks can be systematically extracted from the dynamical patterns of single cells.
Dynamics of chromosomal target search by a membrane-integrated one-component receptor
Authors: Martini Linda , Brameyer Sophie , Hoyer Elisabeth , Jung Kirsten , Gerland Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Membrane proteins account for about one third of the cellular proteome, but it is still unclear how dynamic they are and how they establish functional contacts with cytoplasmic interaction partners. Here, we consider a membrane-integrated one-component receptor that also acts as a transcriptional activator, and analyze how it kinetically locates its specific binding site on the genome. We focus on the case of CadC, the pH receptor of the acid stress response Cad system in E. coli. CadC is a prime example of a one-component signaling protein that directly binds to its cognate target site on the chromosome to regulate transcription. We combined fluorescence microscopy experiments, mathematical analysis, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to probe this target search process. Using fluorescently labeled CadC, we measured the time from activation of the receptor until successful binding to the DNA in single cells, exploiting that stable receptor-DNA complexes are visible as fluorescent spots. Our experimental data indicate that CadC is highly mobile in the membrane and finds its target by a 2D diffusion and capture mechanism. DNA mobility is constrained due to the overall chromosome organization, but a labeled DNA locus in the vicinity of the target site appears sufficiently mobile to randomly come close to the membrane. Relocation of the DNA target site to a distant position on the chromosome had almost no effect on the mean search time, which was between four and five minutes in either case. However, a mutant strain with two binding sites displayed a mean search time that was reduced by about a factor of two. This behavior is consistent with simulations of a coarse-grained lattice model for the coupled dynamics of DNA within a cell volume and proteins on its surface. The model also rationalizes the experimentally determined distribution of search times. Overall our findings reveal that DNA target search does not present a much bigger kinetic challenge for membrane-integrated proteins than for cytoplasmic proteins. More generally, diffusion and capture mechanisms may be sufficient for bacterial membrane proteins to establish functional contacts with cytoplasmic targets.
ATF3 downmodulates its new targets IFI6 and IFI27 to suppress the growth and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Lin , Zu Tingjian , Li Tao , Li Min , Mi Jun , Bai Fuxiang , Liu Guanyi , Wen Jie , Li Hui , Brakebusch Cord , Wang Xuxia , Wu Xunwei
Published: February 2021

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a key transcription factor involved in regulating cellular stress responses, with different expression levels and functions in different tissues. ATF3 has also been shown to play crucial roles in regulating tumor development and progression, however its potential role in oral squamous cell carcinomas has not been fully explored. In this study, we examined biopsies of tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) and found that the nuclear expression level of ATF3 correlated negatively with the differentiation status of TSCCs, which was validated by analysis of the ATGC database. By using gain- or loss- of function analyses of ATF3 in four different TSCC cell lines, we demonstrated that ATF3 negatively regulates the growth and migration of human TSCC cells in vitro. RNA-seq analysis identified two new downstream targets of ATF3, interferon alpha inducible proteins 6 (IFI6) and 27 (IFI27), which were upregulated in ATF3-deleted cells and were downregulated in ATF3-overexpressing cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that ATF3 binds the promoter regions of the IFI6 and IFI27 genes. Both IFI6 and IFI27 were highly expressed in TSCC biopsies and knockdown of either IFI6 or IFI27 in TSCC cells blocked the cell growth and migration induced by the deletion of ATF3. Conversely, overexpression of either IFI6 or IFI27 counteracted the inhibition of TSCC cell growth and migration induced by the overexpression of ATF3. Finally, an in vivo study in mice confirmed those in vitro findings. Our study suggests that ATF3 plays an anti-tumor function in TSCCs through the negative regulation of its downstream targets, IFI6 and IFI27.
Transcriptome-wide transmission disequilibrium analysis identifies novel risk genes for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Kunling , Wu Yuchang , Shin Junha , Zheng Ye , Siahpirani Alireza Fotuhi , Lin Yupei , Ni Zheng , Chen Jiawen , You Jing , Keles Sunduz , Wang Daifeng , Roy Sushmita , Lu Qiongshi
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in consortium-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted the involvement of common genetic variants in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but our understanding of their etiologic roles, especially the interplay with rare variants, is incomplete. In this work, we introduce an analytical framework to quantify the transmission disequilibrium of genetically regulated gene expression from parents to offspring. We applied this framework to conduct a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) on 7,805 ASD proband-parent trios, and replicated our findings using 35,740 independent samples. We identified 31 associations at the transcriptome-wide significance level. In particular, we identifiedPOU3F2(p = 2.1E-7), a transcription factor mainly expressed in developmental brain. Gene targets regulated byPOU3F2showed a 2.7-fold enrichment for known ASD genes (p = 2.0E-5) and a 2.7-fold enrichment for loss-of-functionde novomutations in ASD probands (p = 7.1E-5). These results provide a novel connection between rare and common variants, whereby ASD genes affected by very rare mutations are regulated by an unlinked transcription factor affected by common genetic variations.
Latent Class Analysis: Insights about design and analysis of schistosomiasis diagnostic studies
Authors: Koukounari Artemis , Jamil Haziq , Erosheva Elena , Shiff Clive , Moustaki Irini
Published: February 2021

Various global health initiatives are currently advocating the elimination of schistosomiasis within the next decade. Schistosomiasis is a highly debilitating tropical infectious disease with severe burden of morbidity and thus operational research accurately evaluating diagnostics that quantify the epidemic status for guiding effective strategies is essential. Latent class models (LCMs) have been generally considered in epidemiology and in particular in recent schistosomiasis diagnostic studies as a flexible tool for evaluating diagnostics because assessing the true infection status (via a gold standard) is not possible. However, within the biostatistics literature, classical LCM have already been criticised for real-life problems under violation of the conditional independence (CI) assumption and when applied to a small number of diagnostics (i.e. most often 3-5 diagnostic tests). Solutions of relaxing the CI assumption and accounting for zero-inflation, as well as collecting partial gold standard information, have been proposed, offering the potential for more robust model estimates. In the current article, we examined such approaches in the context of schistosomiasis via analysis of two real datasets and extensive simulation studies. Our main conclusions highlighted poor model fit in low prevalence settings and the necessity of collecting partial gold standard information in such settings in order to improve the accuracy and reduce bias of sensitivity and specificity estimates.
A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment
Authors: Pérez-Antón Elena , Egui Adriana , Thomas M. Carmen , Carrilero Bartolomé , Simón Marina , López-Ruz Miguel Ángel , Segovia Manuel , López Manuel Carlos
Published: February 2021

Background

Signs of senescence and the late stages of differentiation associated with the more severe forms of Chagas disease have been described in theTrypanosoma cruziantigen-specific CD4+T-cell population. However, the mechanisms involved in these functions are not fully known. To date, little is known about the possible impact of benznidazole treatment on theT.cruzi-specific functional response of CD4+T cells.

Methodology/Principal findings

The functional capacity of CD4+T cells was analyzed by cytometric assays in chronic Chagas disease patients, with indeterminate form (IND) and cardiac alterations (CCC) (25 and 15, respectively) before and after benznidazole treatment. An increase in the multifunctional capacity (expression of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, perforin and/or granzyme B) of the antigen-specific CD4+T cells was observed in indeterminateversuscardiac patients, which was associated with the reduced coexpression of inhibitory receptors (2B4, CD160, CTLA-4, PD-1 and/or TIM-3). The functional profile of these cells shows statistically significant differences between IND and CCC (p<0.001), with a higher proportion of CD4+T cells coexpressing 2 and 3 molecules in IND (54.4%versus23.1% and 4.1%versus2.4%, respectively). A significant decrease in the frequencies of CD4+T cells that coexpress 2, 3 and 4 inhibitory receptors was observed in IND after 24–48 months of treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), which was associated with an increase in antigen-specific multifunctional activity. The IND group showed, at 9–12 months after treatment, an increase in the CD4+T cell subset coproducing three molecules, which were mainly granzyme B+, perforin+and IFN-γ+(1.4%versus4.5%).

Conclusions/Significance

A CD4+T cell dysfunctional process was detected in chronic Chagas disease patients, being more exacerbated in those patients with cardiac symptoms. After short-term benznidazole treatment (9–12 months), indeterminate patients showed a significant increase in the frequency of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4+T cells.
CircRNA ARFGEF1 functions as a ceRNA to promote oncogenic KSHV-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor induction of cell invasion and angiogenesis by upregulating glutaredoxin 3
Authors: Yao Shuihong , Jia Xuemei , Wang Fei , Sheng Liuxue , Song Pengxia , Cao Yanhui , Shi Hongjuan , Fan Weifei , Ding Xiangya , Gao Shou-Jiang , Lu Chun
Published: February 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel single-stranded noncoding RNAs that can decoy other RNAs to inhibit their functions. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), caused by oncogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a highly angiogenic and invasive vascular tumor of endothelial origin commonly found in AIDS patients. We have recently shown that KSHV-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF1) induces cell invasion, angiogenesis and cellular transformation; however, the role of circRNAs is largely unknown in the context of KSHV vIRF1. Herein, transcriptome analysis identified 22 differentially expressed cellular circRNAs regulated by vIRF1 in an endothelial cell line. Among them, circARFGEF1 was the highest upregulated circRNA. Mechanistically, vIRF1 induced circARFGEF1 transcription by binding to transcription factor lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1). Importantly, upregulation of circARFGEF1 was required for vIRF1-induced cell motility, proliferation and in vivo angiogenesis. circARFGEF1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by binding to and inducing degradation of miR-125a-3p. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3) was a direct target of miR-125a-3p. Knockdown of GLRX3 impaired cell motility, proliferation and angiogenesis induced by vIRF1. Taken together, vIRF1 transcriptionally activates circARFGEF1, potentially by binding to Lef1, to promote cell oncogenic phenotypes via inhibiting miR-125a-3p and inducing GLRX3. These findings define a novel mechanism responsible for vIRF1-induced oncogenesis and establish the scientific basis for targeting these molecules for treating KSHV-associated cancers.
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF EUROPEAN OIL AND GAS TNC IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors: Nurdavletova Sanya М. , Zharmakhanova Zhansaule I.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses aspects of cooperation in the oil sector of multinational companies representing the interests of European Union countries. In the context of the economic crisis, the impossibility of OPEC + to regulate oil prices and the volume of its production, it is difficult to make forecasts of further economic cooperation. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that, contrary to the interests of globalization, national economies must remain self-sufficient. In our opinion, in the future, the legal regime for the presence of multinational companies in the interests of national economies will be revised. The Energy Charter of 1991, depriving the Central Asian countries of the right to judicial protection, the oil economic crisis will lead to a severe crisis in the oil sector. The geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the United Arab Emirates against the United States creates a new balance of forces that will affect the development of the Central Asian direction of the European Union’s foreign policy as the basis for energy security.
STATE AND DYNAMICS OF DRUG SITUATION IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY BY THE RESULTS OF SOCIO-STATISTICAL RESEARCH DURING THE ANNUAL MONITORING
Authors: Shinkevich Vladimir E. , Kalinichenko Yana N.
Published: February 2021

Despite the fact that in Russia as a whole a slight detensioning in the sphere of illegal distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in recent years has been seen, the problem of the use of psychoactive substances remains really serious. The article analyzes the drug situation in the Алтайский region based on the study of statistical data on hospitalization of patients in the organizations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation diagnosed «with drug addiction», the level of drug crime, as well as the volume of drugs and psychotropic substances seized by law enforcement agencies from illegal trafficking in the Altai territory. The analyzed period, according to the main statistical indicators obtained during the annual monitoring of the drug situation, covers 2017-2019, which makes it possible to assess not only the immediacy of the problem, but also its dynamics. Generally, the processes in the sphere of illegal distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Altai territory mainly repeat similar processes taking place both in the Siberian Federal District and in Russia. At the same time, there are some peculiar features of the drug situation, as a result of the geographic location, demographic situation, migration processes, and the socio-economic situation in the Altai Territory. The use of some data from sociological studies, as an integral element of the annual monitoring, made it possible to determine the level of latency in drug use by the population for non-medical purposes. The article draws attention to the significant predominance of the youth and people of working age among drug users. The authors suggest some measures that can improve the drug situation in the territory.
ETHNOSOCIAL SYSTEM AND POLITOGENESIS OF ALTAI POPULATION IN II CENTURY BC – V CENTURY AD (BASED ON MATERIALS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEXES)
Authors: Seregin Nikolai N. , Matrenin Sergey S.
Published: February 2021

The article concerns the reconstructing the features of the formation and evolution of the ethnosocial system, as well as the processes of political genesis of the Altai population at the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran period. The key approach of the research is a comprehensive analysis of materials from excavations of sites of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture (II century BC – V century AD). More than 800 burials studied in different parts of Altai form the basis of the source base. It has been established that the genesis of the social organization of the population of the region during this period was determined by complex forms of interaction between different clans. The study shows their unequal status at certain stages of the existence of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture in different regions of Altai, which probably reflects the hierarchy of tribes. The key factor in the political genesis of the region's population was its inclusion in the Xiongnu, Xianbei and Rouran empires. The most probable form of political unification of the Altai nomads in the II century BC – V century AD is a «tribal confederation» without an independent governing center in the person of a common leader and his apparatus.
ORGANIZATION AND PROVISION OF MEDICAL AND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS-MIGRANTS OF AKMOLINSKII AND SEMIPALATINSKII REGIONS OF THE STEPPE TERRITORY (80 YEARS OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)
Authors: Vlasova Anna I.
Published: February 2021

Based on a wide range of sources, the article analyzes the process of organizing and providing medical care to peasant migrants in the Akmolinski and Semipalatinskii regions of the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire. It is noted that in the 80s XIX century at the legislative level it has been adjusted peasant resettlement process in the Asian part of the country, which greatly increased the migratory flows. The organization and control over the resettlement were entrusted to the Resettlement Administration, which was specially created in 1896 under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was revealed that one of the central tasks of its work was the organization of medical and sanitary assistance to displaced persons on the way to the places of expulsion. The practical implementation of the task found expression in the creation of special medical and sanitary points at railway stations, where the trains, which transported the migrants, stopped. Such trains were provided with medical personnel, medicines and medical equipment. In the resettlement distribution points where the settlers arrived, medical and nutritional centers were created. This centers providing medical assistance to the newcomers, providing hot meals and clean water. It is emphasized that in the process of organizing and operating the medical and nutritional centers, the Resettlement Administration had to face a number of problems, the main of which was the lack of medical personnel. Nevertheless, thanks to the established medical and sanitary service and the professional activity of medical personnel, the Resettlement Administration managed to bring the epidemiological situation under control and reduce the percentage of mortality among the migrants on their way to the places of exclusion.
FEATURES OF STUDYING THEME «CORRUPTION AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON» IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE TRAINING COURSE «JURISPRUDENCE» IN CHEMICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Plaksina Nadezhda V. , Akulova Tatiana N. , Smirnova Elena V.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the peculiarities of studying corruption by students of a technical university from the standpoint of the relevance of its research component. The acquisition of knowledge of a legal nature is substantiated from the point of view of importance not only from the standpoint of the humanitarian discipline «jurisprudence», but also the significant situation of knowledge of legal aspects in any sphere of life. The authors assign a special role in the materials of the article to the dynamic component in the study of the student audience with a view to increasing interest in the humanitarian disciplines, where «jurisprudence» comes to the fore among the disciplines of the humanitarian block. Problematic issues of a social plan, in particular, the negative manifestation of the phenomenal and modern criteria elements of corruption schemes in the current modernity. According to the results of the study, the peculiarities of the procedures of judicial proceedings in relation to criminal acts in general, in particular, in the field of education, arouse keen interest among students. The article presents the effective positions of the research on the subject of active discussion and analysis of situations of corruption in the educational environment. The materials of the study of the disciplines of the humanitarian cycle in higher education are given according to the priority ranking among students.
DURATION AND QUALITY OF SLEEP OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST POPULATION: RISK CATEGORIES, FACTORS OF DISTURBANCE AND IMPACT ON HEALTH
Authors: Korolenko Alexandra V.
Published: February 2021

Healthy sleep is not only the most important source of restoring the body's strength, but also a way to overcome traumatic events and stress, as well as a resource for the effective functioning of the human nervous system. Many studies confirm the relationship between the duration and quality of sleep and the health status of the population. At the same time, in modern conditions, socio-demographic characteristics of the population are of great importance in determining sleep. The main sleep disorders are recognized not only as a reduction in its duration, but also as a deterioration in quality (problems with falling asleep, a feeling of unreconstructed strength). The purpose of this article is to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep in the population (including in the context of the main socio-demographic groups), the prevalence of factors of its disorders and their impact on subjective health assessments. The information base was data from monitoring of physical health of the Vologda oblast population in 2020 (n = 1500). The study identified risk categories for quantitative and qualitative sleep disorders; confirmed the relationship of stress factors, noise pollution and poor housing conditions with the frequency of sleep disorders; proved the impact of sleep problems on self-assessment of health.
REDUCING THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION AS A COMPLEX PROBLEM: WAYS OF SOLUTION
Authors: Akulova Tatiana N. , Plaksina Nadezhda V. , Smirnova Elena V.
Published: February 2021

The presented article touches upon one of the most important problems of the modern world, which is low physical activity of people. These statistics make it possible to realistically assess the scale of the problem, which may develop into a disaster. Comparison of indices of physical activity of the population of different countries of the world clearly characterizes the picture of the current state of the research problem. The reasons for the low rating of attractiveness of physical activity of student youth have been substantiated, and as a solution to this problem, the need to implement an effective program to increase the positive dynamics of activity among students by the formation of mechanisms of stable structures in the motivational field of the individual is actualized. The authors indicate the positive aspects of the regular functioning of the activity of the human body, which can form the basis of the regime component of each potential sports subject of activity.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRENDS IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA IN THE YEARS 2005-2018
Authors: Shmatova Yulia E.
Published: February 2021

Mental health is the basis of human well-being and effective functioning of society, its intellectual and moral potential. Its destruction causes huge socio-economic losses, including labor losses, and creates conditions for reducing the quality of life and social instability. In this context, it becomes relevant to study the dynamics of the main indicators of mental well-being in society. As a result of the author's study of epidemiological indicators of public mental health in Russia in 2005-2018. positive and negative trends were identified. The former include a reduction in deaths from homicides, suicides, accidental alcohol poisoning, and the incidence of mental disorders and alcoholism. Alarming changes include a four-fold increase in deaths from mental disorders (since 2012). there is also an increase in child morbidity with psychopathologies in the southern and Central Federal districts. There is an increase in the incidence of psychosis and dementia among children under 18 years of age, and schizophrenia among adolescents aged 15-17 years. Rural women are at higher risk of death from mental disorders, while rural men are at higher risk of death from homicides, suicides, and causes caused by harmful alcohol use.
Intragastric Balloon Improves Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis
Authors: Lin Elissa , Huang Xiaoyan , Pei Zhiheng , Gross Jonathan , Popov Violeta
Published: February 2021

Obesity is a major risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although weight loss has been shown to reverse histologic features of NASH, lifestyle intervention alone is often challenging and unfeasible. In this case report, we discuss the effects of intragastric balloon (IGB) therapy on steatosis, fibrosis, and portal pressures. We also demonstrate that improvement in histologic features persist at least 6 months after IGB removal. Although there are little data thus far to support IGB therapy in the treatment of NASH, our case provides evidence of the potential benefit of IGB on improving metabolic parameters and markers of liver fibrosis.
ON THE WILLINGNESS OF LEGAL ENTITIES CONDUCTING GENETIC TESTING TO BECOME SELF-REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS IN THE JURISDICTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   , doctor of law, associate professor, director of the Institute of postgraduate and doctoral studiesof FSBOU VO “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin (Moscow State University).”, Varlen M. V. , Zenin S. S. ,   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Research Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy)
Published: February 2021

The issues of the formation of self-regulatory organizations in the provision of medical services to the population are considered. Among the self-regulatory organizations, there are practically no organizations in the field of genomic counseling. The issue of prospects for the emergence in the Russian Federation of organizations providing services for decoding the genome (exome) based on the principles of self-regulation and in accordance with Russian legislation is discussed. The necessity of forming an association of specialists in the field of genomic research is expressed.
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE OF GENOME RESEARCH IN THE USA
Authors:   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law, Sevastopol State University., Vasiliev S.A. , Osavelyuk A.M. ,   Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy), Burtsev A.K. ,   Candidate of Medical Sciences, First Vice-Rector of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FSCC FMBA of Russia
Published: February 2021

This work is devoted to the legal regulation of the organization of genomic research in the United States. On the territory of this state, an approach that is atypical for the Russian reality is used, according to which the bulk of genomic research is regulated by an organization subordinate to the US Department of Health. The article analyzes some of the problems associated with diagnostics and genome editing, in conclusion, a comparison with Russian realities. This study is of interest in view of the fact that the Russian Federation, having a solid groundwork in medical and clinical advances in this area, has practically no legal regulation in order to effectively implement these areas of medical activity. Taking into account foreign experience can be useful for Russia, of course, based on domestic specifics in the process of forming a regulatory framework for treatment using genomic research.
LEGAL REGULATION OF GENETIC RESEARCHES IN THE RUSSIAN LEGISLATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM OF GENDER VERIFICATION IN SPORT
Authors:   y, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Surgery of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FSCC FMBA of Russia, Istomin N.P. , Suvorova Suvorova E.I. ,   Director of the Legal Department, Joint Stock Company Insurance Company “Alliance”, Zenin S.S. ,   , Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Research Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy)
Published: February 2021

Modern achievements of geneticists, which have made it possible to map the genes of inherited diseases, have set the legislator a rather difficult task to determine the grounds and limits of the use of relevant information in various spheres of public life, including insurance. At the same time, in some countries, the emphasis is on legislative regulation, which in the case of a Federal structure of the state can be carried out at different levels (USA, Canada), in others, more importance is attached to self-regulation (great Britain, Australia). The range of issues covered by the regulation is very diverse in both cases and may include: assessment of the possibility of referral for genetic research, which is usually excluded, access to existing results of genetic research, which may be restricted by a ban on their use; the right to collect genetic information without conducting genetic testing, which is recognized by the actual practice of analyzing family history; determining the conditions and limits for the use of genetic information, which are usually associated with obtaining the consent of the policyholder, ensuring the confidentiality of personal data and only for the purposes for which it was collected; establishing a correlation between the exercise of the right to access genetic data and the amount of insurance coverage, which may decrease if favorable data is obtained that contradicts the conclusions made on the basis of family history
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF GENETIC SCREENING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS (PND) IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ultrasound and Prenatal Diagnostics of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia, Medvedev M.V. , Zenin S.S. ,   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Research Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy), Suvorov G.N ,   Vice-Rector for General Issues of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia
Published: February 2021

The reproductive function of man, at all times in any state, has been a determining indicator of the social and biological health of society. In this regard, the birth of a healthy and full-fledged offspring, as well as the preservation of the reproductive health of the population, acquires special urgency. For society and the state, it is primarily important not only the number of children born over a certain period of time, but also how many of them will be born healthy. The study is devoted to identifying the distinctive features of the legal regulation of genetic screening for prenatal diagnosis (PND) in foreign countries for the possible reception of the most successful solutions in the domestic legal system
PRINCIPLES AND PATTERNS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GENETIC SCREENING IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Authors:   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ultrasound and Prenatal Diagnostics of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia, Medvedev M.V. , Suvorov G. N. ,   Vice-Rector for General Issues of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia, Zenin S.S. ,   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law, Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the features of legal regulation of genetic screening for prenatal diagnosis in the people’s Republic of China. The conducted research allowed to establish the main principles and regularities of the corresponding regulation. It is summarized that the leadership of the people’s Republic of China conducts a targeted policy for improving the health of the population, where one of the priorities is not to increase the population, but to improve the” quality “ of newborns (in the context of health). Realizing, in this regard, the positive possibilities of genetic screening in HDP in terms of improving the overall level of health of the population, the state is making a lot of efforts in the financial, legal, scientific, social and other spheres for its wide implementation in everyday clinical practice. Genetic screening when PND is free and available to alsegments of the population of China, it is part of health services financed by the state. These principles, as shown by the analysis of the legal framework for genetic screening in HDP, are system-forming in the framework of its legal regulation in the PRC. Currently, the main trend in the development of Chinese legislation in the field of genetic screening for HDP is more detailed regulation of various aspects of the use of this medical technology. China’s accumulated experience in legal regulation can be taken into account by the domestic legislator
LEGAL REGULATION OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Vice-Rector for General Issues of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia, Suvorov G.N. , Medvedev M.V. ,   , Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Ultrasound and Prenatal Diagnostics of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia., Zenin S.S. ,   Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Research Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy)
Published: February 2021

The article examines the legal aspects of the functioning of the mechanism of prenatal diagnosis in Canada and the genetic testing procedure, accompanied by genetic counseling, taking into account the state structure, national, ethical and other distinctive features.
PRINCIPLES AND PATTERNS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GENOME-WIDE SEQUENCING IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC)
Authors:   candidate of medical Sciences, associate Professor, Professor of the Department of hygiene, epidemiology and infectious diseases of the Academy of post-graduate education of the Federal state budgetary institution of FMBA of Russia, Suranova T.G. , Zenin S.S. ,   , Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law, Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafina (Moscow State Law Academy), Suvorov G.N. ,   Vice-rector for General Affairs of the Academy of postgraduate education of the Federal state budgetary institution of the Russian F e d e ra t i o n
Published: February 2021

The global genome sequencing market is developing at a very fast pace, and this is happening most rapidly in China. Amid the economic boom, demand for advanced medical services is extremely high. In view of this, the principles and laws of normative regulation of this activity carried out using both legislative and administrative legal instruments deserve attention. For the domestic legislator, the Chinese experience in regulating the use of genetic resources in conducting international joint research, collecting, storing, using and providing external human genetic resources in China, and ethical principles in conducting biogenetic studies will be extremely useful.
THE MAIN APPROACHES TO THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PROCESSES OF STORAGE, ACCESS AND DATA PROTECTION OF GENOME SEQUENCING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors:   , candidate of medical Sciences, associate Professor, Professor of the Department of hygiene, epidemiology and infectious diseases of the Academy of post-graduate education of the Federal state budgetary institution of FMBA of Russia. 1, Suranova T.G. , Zenin S.S. ,   candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, director of the Research Institute of FSBOU VO “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin (Moscow State University)”, Suvorov G.N. ,   Vice-Rector for General Issues of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the FSBI FNSC FMBA of Russia
Published: February 2021

The development of a general concept of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome-wide sequencing in Russia should be based on the principles and laws formed not only at the level of international documents, but also the experience of leading countries in this field. In view of the fact that there are no completely identical national legal systems, the absence of universal recipes for the reception of certain legal institutions should be recognized. Analysis of the practical implementation of various approaches and legal techniques used to solve problems in this area will help to avoid mistakes and form key points for creating an optimal model of rational lawmaking, suggest approaches, methods and techniques of regulatory impact that can later be used in domestic legal system