bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marktmacht und Preisdiskriminierung: Die ökonomischen Aktivitäten der beiden eigenständigen Netzwerkbetreiber WLAG und WÜSAG in der Elektrizitätsindustrie von Württemberg 1924-1933
Authors: Möllenberg Robert
Published: January 2014

The intention of this paper is to contribute empirical observations and conclusions about monopolistic behaviour in network industries. This will be achieved by examining a special case in the electricity industry of Wurttemberg. The provision of electricity in Wurttemberg was organized in regional companies until 1933, when they were forced to merge into the Energie-Versorgung Schwaben AG. After the First World War companies started to work together, and two rivaling network operators were founded, the Württembergische Landes-Elektrizitäts AG (WLAG) and the Württembergische Sammelschienen AG (WÜSAG). The purpose of these companies was to construct and operate a transportation network between the electricity providers. They also established connections with the neighbouring states for imports of electrical power from external sources. Within the WÜSAG the customers were discriminated by monopolistic price-setting. This has lead to a nearly complete exploitation of the WÜSAG and some of her customers by one of her associates, the Rheinisch Westfälische Elektrizitätswerke AG (RWE). The behaviour of the WLAG instead has lead to a more competitional outcome. There the customers had to pay nearly identical and significantly lower prices. This analysis also demonstrates the incentives and barriers for these different behaviours.
Ökonomisches Denken und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Zum Zusammenhang von Wirtschaftsgeschichte und historischer Semantik der Ökonomie
Authors: Plumpe Werner
Published: January 2014

Economic history and the history of economic thought are subjects of different academic disciplines, and usually are only loosely interrelated in academic writing. The present article takes this observation as its starting point in order to examine the relationship of economic semantics, institutional development, and varying economic practices in history. On the basis of several examples, especially from early modern history, it is shown that without consideration of the adjustment of the relevant economic semantics, those processes that finally culminated in modern capitalism cannot be understood. Economic History, in particular if it employs institutional theory in its perspective, therefore necessarily must include the history of economic thought in shaping its analytical framework.
Business Leadership in the Movement to Regulate Industrial Air Pollution in Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century America
Authors: Rosen Christine Meisner
Published: January 2014

This article concerns an important but currently still poorly understood aspect of the history of environmental reform: the leadership role played by reform minded businessmen in movements to regulate industrial air pollution in American cities between 1860 and 1920. For the most part, the task of writing the history of air pollution regulation in this period has fallen to historians who been predisposed to play up the leadership of public health and women reformers, while playing down the role of business reformers and casting anti-regulation businessmen and their organizations as the villains against which the public health and women reformers struggled. This article will use an examination of movements to regulate industrial smoke and the stenches of the meatpacking industry in Chicago, New York City, St. Louis, and several other cities to tell a different, much more complex story, one that recognizes the business community’s conflicted role in these movements. It will show that, while it is true that business interests actively opposed regulation, often bringing it to a standstill, they also played crucially important, positive leadership roles in movements whose success often hinged on the ability of environmental reformers to forge broad coalitions. It argues that only by investigating the ambiguities of business’s complex role, including its leadership role, will historians be able to explain the political strategies that led to progress in these early movements to regulate industrial air pollution.
Einleitung
Authors: Tilly Stephanie , Ziegler Dieter
Published: January 2014

During the 1960s contemporary economists expected a tendency of satiation on the automobile markets in the western world for the near future. Competition would intensify and growth would be possible only for those car manufacturers who superseded their concern for production by market orientation. Business historians of the car industry have adopted this perception and turned it into the dualism buyer’s market and seller’s market. This article questions the appropriateness of this concept, and argues that while an increase in the importance of market orientation during the 1960s cannot be denied the attention to both production and marketing are key elements of modern business management.
Das Zulieferproblem aus institutionenökonomischer Sicht. Die westdeutsche Automobil-Zulieferindustrie zwischen Produktionsund Marktorientierung (1960-1980)
Authors: Tilly Stephanie
Published: January 2014

The automotive supply industry represents an important segment of the automobile industry. As early as the 1960s it contributed a significant share of the latter′s total value-added, in spite of the fact that the suppliers were quite a distance away from the ultimate consumer. This article analyses the market behaviour of the auto-industry suppliers from the 1960s to the early 1980s and shows how the shift from a seller′s to a buyer’s market was reflected in the behaviour of the supplying industry. Starting from structural features of the supply business such as long-lasting business relationships with auto makers, mutual commitment, market power of the car manufacturers and sales policy-dependence of the suppliers it will be shown that many supplying firms were clearly production-oriented until the early 1980s. Little attention to sales within the firm, slack advertising activities, a focus on business conditions and relationship-fostering were typical features of sales-and-operation-practices in the supplying industry. This mirrored, as did the blurred profile of suppliers’ brands, the structural conditions of the supply business. Examination of the so-called replacement parts conflict in the 1970s, however, suggests that the half-hearted governance of the sales function among suppliers did not result simply from a conventional production-oriented management, but also from the self-interest of the automobile manufacturers, who obviously wished to remain in control of the ultimate consumer market. Nevertheless, some suppliers especially those with strong R&D capabilities succeeded in adapting a market-oriented business strategy, e.g. Peddinghaus as a troubleshooter for the car makers on the supply market or ABB with multi-stage marketing activities which directly reached the ultimate consumer market.
Die 1970er Jahre als „Sattelzeit“ im ostdeutschen Automobilbau
Authors: Bauer Reinhold
Published: January 2014

Scarcely any industrial product manufactured in the German Democratic Republic became as well known in the capitalist world as its private passenger motorcars. Private car ownership in East Germany was based on two car types that were produced for over 20 years with only minor changes being made to them in this period. Such long running consistency in models is not only surprising in comparison with western car manufacturers, but was also unique in the so-called eastern block. To explain the obvious innovation problems this article focuses on the development of the industry in the 1970s. This decade can be regarded as a transitional phase between a more or less innovative period in the sixties and a period of continuing decline thereafter. By examining the specific problems of the East German automobile industry the article also illustrates general deficiencies in the functioning of centrally planned economies and elucidates the general economic development of the GDR since the 1970s.
Big Business im 20. Jahrhundert: Die 100 größten Arbeitgeber in Großbritannien und Deutschland in vergleichender Perspektive
Authors: Fiedler Martin , Gospel Howard
Published: January 2014

This paper examines the dynamics of large firms as measured by employment in the UK and Germany over the course of the twentieth century. The paper presents a comparative overview of the major trends in terms of size and composition. It then examines the dynamics of change in terms of entry, survival, and exit of large firms in both countries. The findings reveal both differences and similarities between the two countries. However, the analysis suggests that similarities are more striking in the long run.
Die politische Säuberung der französischen Wirtschaftselite nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Barjot Dominique
Published: January 2014

Historiography on the French post-World War Two economic purge has in the past been very limited. Recently, however, a radical change has occurred as a result of the intersection of two previously separate research fields: on the one hand economic and business life during the Occupation, and on the other hand, the purge of elites and other social groups. A conference addressing French Firms during the Occupation period paved the way for a synthesis round three axes: Firstly, it was necessary to estimate the effects of measures to seize illicit profits and to assess the impact of purges on business mobility after the War. Secondly, regional approaches could be used to define a French typology, which could then be compared to other occupied countries (Belgium for example) or occupying Nations (Germany). Thirdly, the study of branches, sectors and firms. Among these studies, two sectors have been privileged so far: the car industry as well as construction and civil engineering.
The Replacement of Economic Elites in Slovenia after World War II
Authors: Lazarević Žarko
Published: January 2014

The replacement of elites was integral to the adoption of a centrally planned economy based on the Soviet model. As a result of the changes in the political and economic system pre-war elites were completely stripped of their social functions, and their members were politically and socially marginalised as individuals. The ways in which elites were recruited changed. Education or expertise did not remain crucial factors in the recruitment process, evident in the fact that in 1948 as much as 68 percent of the leading cadre of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had only primary school education, while an additional ten per cent had not even completed this level of education. Political loyalty in the form of Communist party membership was the most important criterion. In the centralised structure of that time individual members of the Communist Party leadership also played an extremely important role. A large group of collaborators and supporters formed around them, who then occupied the leading positions at various levels of economic life.
Der „Napoleon des deutschen Aktienmarktes“ Hermann D. Krages und die Netzwerke des „rheinischen Kapitalismus“: Die Geschichte einer scheiternden Karriere
Authors: Sattler Friederike
Published: January 2014

Taking as an example the career of the medium-sized entrepreneur Hermann D. Krages, who was attracting wide public attention by spectacular stock market transactions in the West German coal and steel industry during the 1950s and soon became a predominantly yield oriented financial investor, this paper discusses, why an economically successful outsider like Krages was not able to establish himself as a respected member of the business elites’ networks within Rhenish Capitalism. For this purpose, the analysis focuses on a heavy conflict between Hermann Krages and Dresdner Bank AG between 1962 and 1966. As the article shows, Krages can be interpreted as an early, extremely stubborn and at the same time completely inopportune pioneer of shareholder value thinking. His initially so promising career finally failed, because his mentality and his business strategies, based on credit financed stockmarket speculations, did not at all correspond to the notion of steady and responsible business of the overwhelming majority of his contemporaries.
Austausch der wirtschaftlichen Führungskräfte in der SBZ/DDR nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Boldorf Marcel
Published: January 2014

After World War II, a major part of the business elite managed to flee from the Soviet Occupation zone. Thus, in the period of trusteeship that followed, the volume of personnel changes remained rather low. In April 1948, when the industrial sector was finally nationalised, the SED reinforced personnel changes again. Key positions which dealt with the workforce were taken over by party members, whereas former engineers often succeeded in keeping their positions. Gradually, a widespread system of political control was introduced in order to survey the choice of cadres and to defend the party’s leading role in the economy.
Von der Fremdbesatzung zur kommunistischen Diktatur. Die personellen Umbrüche in der tschechoslowakischen Wirtschaft nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Balcar Jaromir , Kučera Jaroslav
Published: January 2014

During the post-war period Czechoslovakia experienced a radical change in business and economic elites, which took place in three stages. The first phase commenced immediately after the end of World War II, when factory counsels conducted a personal purge within their enterprises. While German directors had fled or had been expelled, many of their Czech colleagues retained their positions, because the new regime seemed in need these experts’ ‘know-how’. In 1948, the Communists triggered a second wave of purges mainly directed against members of other political parties or managers supposed to be opponents of the new regime. When the Communist Party started to search for enemies within their own ranks, the remainder of the country’s economic elites familiar with the interwar period’s market economy was eliminated during the show trials of the early 1950s.
Kollaboration und der Wechsel der europäischen Wirtschaftseliten nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Boldorf Marcel
Published: January 2014

This article explores the similarities and differences in the persecution of economic elites in Germany and the occupied countries after the war. The shift of power after the liberation deeply influenced the process by which national elites were formed. However, below the highest ranks of administration and business, a remarkable continuity among the industrial managers and entrepreneurs can be discerned. At the local level, the persecution of elites often stagnated because the commissions deployed in administrative capacities were not capable of affecting changes in personel. Besides the punishment of criminal offenders, sanctions on businesses were enforced (confiscation of illicit profits) as well as career-related sanctions for individual collaborators. It was only in the state socialist countries that there was a major shift in elites due to the expropriation and nationalisation of the industrial sector. Ultimately, all the countries urgently needed skilled people especially engineers and technicians for the reconstruction of the post-war economies.
Die Gründerkrise von 1873/79 - Fiktion oder Realität? Einige Überlegungen im Kontext der Weltfinanz- und Wirtschaftskrise von 2008/2009
Authors: Grabas Margrit
Published: January 2014

The starting point of this article is the Great Recession of 2008/9. It is compared to the “Gründerkrise” of 1873/9 because monetary, institutional and structural problems overlapped. Discussing new quantitative studies this article suggests that business cycles should be analysed on the basis of disaggregate time series as well as by considering sociocultural factors. In this context, a historical economic barometer for the period of 1869-1900 is constructed according to the Ifo Business Climate Index for the first time. It confirms the well known “Gründerzeit”-pattern of boom and crisis which was revised for the real economy recently. With regard to the theoretical context of long-term structural cycles, the “Gründerkrise” is finally interpreted as a structural crisis whose course was extraordinarily severe because of unregulated stock market speculation.
Hitlers gläserne Arbeitskräfte. Das Arbeitsbuch als Quelle von Mikrodaten für die historische Arbeitsmarktforschung
Authors: Werner Stefanie , Degner Harald , Adamo Mark
Published: January 2014

Using a newly developed dataset comprising detailed information about individual German workers in the Third Reich, this paper introduces compulsory workbooks as an important source for both economic and social historical research. The established dataset allows us to investigate questions concerning both the German workforce’s mobility as well as the efficiency of the Dienstverpflichtung introduced in July 1938, which allowed the regime to allocate workers to firms and sectors of strategic importance.
Finanzkrisen in Deutschland – Vergleichsperspektiven und Ursachenforschung
Authors: Wixforth Harald
Published: January 2014

The current financial crisis has provoked keen discussion on how to analyze and compare similar types of crises, in order that we might be able to draw lessons from history. This article attempts to outline different instruments of comparison. It also tries to compare the German 1931 banking crisis to the current crisis, in order to highlight parallels and differences.
Fetters of Debt, Deposit, or Gold during the Great Depression? The International Propagation of the Banking Crisis of 1931
Authors: Richardson Gary , Van Horn Patrick
Published: January 2014

A banking crisis began in Austria in May 1931 and intensified in July, when runs struck banks throughout Germany. In September, the crisis compelled Britain to quit the gold standard. Newly discovered data shows that failure rates rose for banks in New York City, at the center of the United States money market, in July and August 1931, before Britain abandoned the gold standard and before financial outflows compelled the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates. Banks in New York City had large exposures to foreign deposits and German debt. This paper tests to see whether the foreign exposure of money center banks linked the financial crises on the two sides of the Atlantic.
The historiography of the 1931 crisis in Germany
Authors: Burhop Carsten
Published: January 2014

In this article, I review the key research contributions written on the German financial crisis of 1931. After four decades, consent about the origins and course of the crisis has still not been reached, since a set of disentangled factors - reparations, short-term foreign bank debt, the design of the gold standard, and the behaviour of individual banks - all contributed to the crisis. It seems that the 1931 crisis was caused by the pressure of reparations in combination with substantial private foreign debt. Capital flight set in when the government announced it was unable to pay its reparations. The Reichsbank lost its reserves and was unable to act as lender of last resort when a bank failed shortly after the reparations crisis. As well as describing the literature, I also present some new insights from the archives. It seems that the Reichsbank thought the crisis to be over at the end of June 1931, that it was worried about the state of public finance, and that it was badly informed about the banks’ short-term foreign debt.
Rhetoric, Emotional Manipulation, and Political Morality
Authors: Remer Gary
Published: January 2014

Notwithstanding the widespread assumption that Aristotle forges a better relationship among rhetoric, the emotions, and political morality than Cicero, I contend that Cicero, not Aristotle, offers a more relevant account of the relationship among these terms. I argue that, by grounding his account of emotional appeals in the art of rhetoric, Aristotle does not evade the moral problems originating in emotional manipulation. Moreover, Aristotle's approach to emotional appeals in politics is, compared to Cicero's, static, unable to adapt to new political circumstances. I suggest that Cicero's approach to the rhetorical emotions is more acceptable to a modern audience than Aristotle's because it is ethically based while also responsive to political realities. Cicero accommodates emotional appeals to circumstance based on his belief in decorum as a moral principle. Further, I show that emotional manipulation in Cicero is not as problematical as it initially appears.
Hope and fear for new classes of type 2 diabetes drugs: is there preclinical evidence that incretin-based therapies alter pancreatic morphology?
Authors: Lamont Benjamin J , Andrikopoulos Sofianos
Published: January 2014

Incretin-based therapies appear to offer many advantages over other approaches for treating type 2 diabetes. Some preclinical studies have suggested that chronic activation of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) signalling in the pancreas may result in the proliferation of islet β-cells and an increase in β-cell mass. This provided hope that enhancing GLP1 action could potentially alter the natural progression of type 2 diabetes. However, to date, there has been no evidence from clinical trials suggesting that GLP1R agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors can increase β-cell mass. Nevertheless, while the proliferative capacity of these agents remains controversial, some studies have raised concerns that they could potentially contribute to the development of pancreatitis and hence increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Currently, there are very limited clinical data to directly assess these potential benefits and risks of incretin-based therapies. However, a review of the preclinical studies indicates that incretin-based therapies probably have only a limited capacity to regenerate pancreatic β-cells, but may be useful for preserving any remaining β-cells in type 2 diabetes. In addition, the majority of preclinical evidence does not support the notion that GLP1R agonists or DPP4 inhibitors cause pancreatitis.
Job Stress and Intent to Stay at Work among Registered Female Nurses Working in Thai Hospitals
Authors: Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Yingyuad Boonrord , Rawiworrakul Tassanee , Jinayon Adchara
Published: January 2014

Job Stress and Intent to Stay at Work among Registered Female Nurses Working in Thai Hospitals: Orawan KAEWBOONCHOO, et al. Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Thailand—

Objectives

Job stress is one of the factors that increase the likelihood of turnover. Intent to leave work is one of the most accurate predictors of turnover. This cross‐sectional study was created to evaluate the intent of nurses working at hospitals to continue working and to determine the relationship between job stress and intent to stay at work.

Methods

The subjects were 514 female hospital nurses aged 21−58 years old, who had worked full time at the study hospitals for at least 1 year. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire, which included sections on demographic characteristics, the Thai version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), and intent to stay at work. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors related to intent to stay at work.

Results

The prevalences of high job strain and low intent to stay at work were 17.5 and 22.4%, respectively. The mean (SD) scores of the nurses for psychological job demand, decision latitude, workplace social support, and intent to stay at work were 33.5 (4.4), 70.7 (6.9), 23.8 (2.8), and 14.6 (2.9), respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that intent to stay at work was significantly correlated with only supervisor support among the nurses with high‐strain jobs and with coworker support in nurses with active jobs.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that different job types need different sources of social support in the workplace. Proactive steps by nurse managers to increase workplace social support might lead to an increase in intent to stay and reduce nursing turnover in hospitals and possibly other settings.
Mechanical properties of polymer gels with bimodal distribution in strand length
Authors: Kondo Shinji , Chung Ung-il , Sakai Takamasa
Published: January 2014

The understanding of the physical properties of hydrogels has been controversial because hydrogels inherently have a substantial amount of heterogeneities in their structures. In this study, we focused on one of the simplest heterogeneities, heterogeneous distribution of strand length, and investigated its influence on physical properties. We prepared Tetra-PEG gels with bimodal distribution in strand length (Tetra-PEG bimodal gels) by combining Tetra-PEG prepolymers with different molecular weights and measured the physical properties including elastic modulus and ultimate deformation ratio. The physical properties of Tetra-PEG bimodal gels were well described by the models for conventional Tetra-PEG gels with the average polymerization degrees between cross-links. We conclude that the mechanical properties of hydrogels that have heterogeneous distribution in strand length can be predicted from those of hydrogels with the average strand length in the range tested in this study.
Electrochemical Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Nitinol Stents for the Reduction of Metal Ions Elution
Authors: Kondo Daisuke , Yoshioka Tomohiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Takamatsu Kensuke , Ohta Kunihiro , Tanaka Junzo
Published: January 2014

Nitinol was coated with biocompatible calcium phosphate materials by pulsed electrolytic deposition (ELD) to reduce toxic metal-ions elution. The pulse ELD for the stents was carried out with changing the current off-periods (toff) of the pulse wave. The pulse ELD suppressed the generation of H2 gas due to the electrolysis of water on a calcium phosphate layer and improved the adhesiveness of the coating layer on nitinol compared with a conventional DC-ELD. The coating layers were identified to be octacalcium phosphate (OCP) at lower toff, while they were transformed to dicalcium phosphate anhydraous (DCPA) with an increase of toff. The layers of OCP or DCPA on the nitinol surface were subjected to a NaOH treatment at 60°C for 3days to transform them into hydroxyapatite (HAp). From results of a metal-ions elution test, the deposited calcium phosphates suppressed nickel ions elution at one quarter compared with the bare nitinol stent. These results indicate that the pulse ELD of biocompatible calcium phosphate materials on the nitinol stent was one of the best techniques to create firmly attached coating on it and reduce toxic nickel ions elution.
Novel Hydroxyapatite-Polysaccharide Composite Microparticles for Immunotherapy
Authors: Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Yoshioka Tomohiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tanaka Junzo
Published: January 2014

Hydroxyapatite-chondroitin sulfate (HAp/ChS) composites were synthesized with calcium hydroxide suspension and phosphoric acid solution containing ChS through a precipitation method, and the microparticles were then fabricated by a spray dry method with the suspension of the composites. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) with negative charge or lysozyme (LYZ) with positive charge at pH7.0 was adsorbed onto the HAp/ChS microparticles. However, the HAp/ChS microparticles adsorbed LYZ more than the HAp microparticles compared with BSA due to the electrostatic interaction from negatively-charged sulfate or carboxyl group of ChS in the composites. The release property of BSA from the HAp/ChS microparticles was evaluated in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (pH7.2). The HAp/ChS microparticles released quickly 100% of the adsorbed BSA, while HAp microparticles released 45% of BSA. These results indicated that incorporation of ChS in the microparticles controls the adsorption and release properties of protein due to the electrostatic interaction. The HAp/ChS microparticles therefore are a candidate of a carrier for drugs like vaccines.
Electrochemical Deposition of Platinum Interconnects on Flexible Biocompatible Substrates
Authors: Radisic A. , Morcos B. M. , Op de Beeck M. , O’Callaghan J. M. , Van Hoof C.
Published: January 2014

We explored the use of galvanostatic electrochemical deposition of Pt for cost-effective fabrication of interconnects in flexible implantable bio-medical devices. Initial studies were done on coupons diced from 200 mm Si wafers coated with PVD TiN. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the electrodeposited Pt films, optimal conditions were chosen for through-mask plating of centimeters long Pt lines on flexible, medical grade, releasable polyimide layers. Possibility for further up-scaling was considered with special emphasis on high throughput manufacturing of Pt interconnects with good adhesion to TiN/flexible substrates, low impurity content and resistivity, and acceptable roughness and uniformity.
Dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element simulation of Al bicrystal with grain boundary effects
Authors: Leng Zhe , Field David P. , Alankar Alankar
Published: January 2014

Crystal plasticity finite element method is a useful tool to investigate the anisotropic mechanical behaviors as well as the microstructure evolution of metallic materials and it is widely used on single crystals and polycrystalline materials. However, grain boundary involved mechanisms are barely included in the polycrystalline models, and modeling the interaction between the dislocation and the grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials in a physically consisstent way is still a long-standing, unsolved problem. In our analysis, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element model is proposed, and the interaction between the dislocation density and the grain boundaries is included in the model kinematically. The model is then applied to Al bicrystals under 10% compression to investigate the effects of grain boundary character, e.g. grain boundary misorientation and grain boundary normal, on the stress state and the microstructure evolution. The modeling results suggest a reasonable correspondence with the experimental result and the grain boundary character plays a crucial role in the stress concentration and dislocation patterning.
Continuum Dislocation Dynamics Based on the Second Order Alignment Tensor
Authors: Hochrainer Thomas
Published: January 2014

In the current paper we present a continuum theory of dislocations based on the second-order alignment tensor in conjunction with the classical dislocation density tensor (Kröner-Nye-tensor) and a scalar dislocation curvature measure. The second-order alignment tensor is a symmetric second order tensor characterizing the orientation distribution of dislocations in elliptic form. It is closely connected to total densities of screw and edge dislocations introduced in the literature. The scalar dislocation curvature density is a conserved quantity the integral of which represents the total number of dislocations in the system. The presented evolution equations of these dislocation density measures partly parallel earlier developed theories based on screw-edge decompositions but handle line length changes and segment reorientation consistently. We demonstrate that the presented equations allow predicting the evolution of a single dislocation loop in a non-trivial velocity field.
Development of a Photoresponsive and Electrostrictive Material from P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and TiOPc Composite
Authors: Chang Wen-Chi , Chen Po-Han , Lin Chih-Ting , Wang An-Bang , Lee Chih-Kung
Published: January 2014

Optical control is a reversible and convenient technology, able to be measured in real-time, which makes it excellent for application to microfluidic, biomechanical, and electro-mechanical devices. These advantages are especially attractive for photo-responsive materials. In this study, we developed a new photo-responsive, electrostrictive material from a composite material made by mixing a dielectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and an organic photoconductive material TiOPc. The photo-responsibility of the material has been validated by corresponding actuators. We found that under white light illumination, deformation will increase which can be attributed to a decrease in the TiOPc impedance. We identified that the optimal TiOPc concentration for actuator applications is 10% P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)/TiOPc. Moreover, controlling the fluid flow within the capillary tube through light illumination also validated the photo-responsive actuator. Our results show that the mechanism and the photo-responsive material can be used to pursue further study on light controlling microfluidic, and related electro-mechanical devices.
A Gênese Instrumental na interação com o GeoGebra: uma proposta para a formação continuada de professores de matemática
Authors: Abar Celina Aparecida Almeida Pereira , Alencar Sergio Vicente
Published: January 2014

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Matemática do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), desenvolvida no Grupo de Pesquisa Tecnologias e Meios de Expressão em Matemática. A pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma oficina de formação continuada, com o uso do GeoGebra, para professores de Matemática da escola básica. O referencial teórico subjacente é a Abordagem Instrumental de Pierre Rabardel, com foco na Gênese Instrumental, que estuda a transformação de um artefato em instrumento. A metodologia utilizada é o Design Experiments, escolhida por permitir a realização de uma avaliação formativa para executar e refinar projetos educacionais. Por meio da analise dos resultados, verificou-se que a maioria dos professores conseguiu alcançar o processo de instrumentalização e que o ambiente dinâmico propiciado pelo software GeoGebra colaborou para a instrumentação.
Escolas radiofônicas do Rio Grande do Norte: a memória, a narrativa e os retratos da época como uso didático
Authors: Assis Márcia Maria Alves de
Published: January 2014

Neste artigo nos remetemos à nossa pesquisa de mestrado, cujo tema é o ensino de matemática pelo rádio, no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), no período de 1950 a 1970. As Escolas Radiofônicas foram instaladas no RN pela Igreja Católica como forma de levar o ensino formal a comunidades da zona rural. A pesquisa tomou como fontes os arquivos da Arquidiocese de Natal e os depoimentos daqueles que participaram das Escolas Radiofônicas de duas comunidades rurais, Logradouro e Catolé, que hoje fazem parte do município de Lagoa Salgada (RN). Os caminhos da pesquisa nos conduziram a buscar respaldo na História Oral e nos conceitos da História Cultural. Conseguimos evidenciar algumas aplicações do conhecimento matemático estudado nas Escolas Radiofônicas em situações das atividades agrícolas de alunos, como é o caso da cubação da terra. Obtivemos, também, alguns resultados sobre os métodos de ensino e alguns materiais didáticos da época, os quais foram apresentados no produto educacional da pesquisa (em documentário, formatado em DVD).
A produção de significados de estudantes do ensino fundamental para tarefas geométricas
Authors: Henriques Marcílio Dias
Published: January 2014

No presente artigo, apresentamos o processo de produção de um conjunto de tarefas educacionais, envolvendo área e perímetro de figuras geométricas planas, o qual desenvolvemos durante o curso de Mestrado Profissional em Educação Matemática. Nosso objetivo foi criar uma série de tarefas embasada teoricamente e que nos permitisse identificar dificuldades discentes acerca dos temas área e perímetro, levantando possibilidades de intervenção nos processos de aprendizagem desses temas geométricos, nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Em nossa pesquisa, adotamos o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos como base teórico-epistemológica e como instrumento de leitura das produções de significados dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Apresentamos, ainda, uma breve revisão de literatura sobre medidas geométricas e dificuldades de aprendizagem de área e perímetro. Finalmente, discutimos as características das tarefas educacionais que elaboramos, escolhidas a partir da abordagem que adotamos para tratar de produto educacional.
Tarefas aritméticas para o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Loth Maria Helena Marques , Silva Amarildo Melchiades da
Published: January 2014

Neste artigo apresentamos e discutimos o produto educacional desenvolvido junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O propósito do trabalho foi desenvolver tarefas que tivessem como característica principal constituírem-se em situações-problema que estimulassem a produção de significados de estudantes em sala de aula. A estrutura matemática subjacente à situaçãoproblema envolveu as operações de adição e subtração de números naturais. O processo de elaboração desse produto teve como foco a produção de um conjunto de tarefas para serem utilizadas em salas de aula de matemática do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental e que pudessem servir de protótipo para a elaboração de novas tarefas pelo professor.
Um estudo de planos, cilindros e quádricas, na perspectiva da habilidade de visualização, com o software Winplot
Authors: Mota Janine Freitas , Laudares João Bosco
Published: January 2014

Este artigo é resultado de uma dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino de Matemática, cuja temática foi: estudo de planos, cilindros e quádricas. A metodologia utilizada contemplou os parâmetros da sequência didática, com exploração da habilidade de visualização. As sequências didáticas articulam teoria e prática, privilegiando o tratamento gráfico, utilizando seções transversais e curvas de níveis, com o objetivo de possibilitar ao estudante o esboço de gráficos com as mídias lápis e papel e o software Winplot. Foram propostas a estudantes do primeiro período do curso de licenciatura em Matemática. A análise qualitativa dos resultados evidenciou a forma como os estudantes realizaram as representações gráficas, suas reflexões, dúvidas e resultados, e também se verificou uma melhora significativa na postura dos mesmos, pois esses se manifestaram mais ativos no processo de aprendizagem. Foi observado que a articulação entre a equação (álgebra) e a figura (geometria) promoveu uma abordagem integrada entre Álgebra e Geometria, que é o foco da Geometria Analítica.
Um pouco de história das funções: algumas sugestões de atividades práticas para a sala de aula
Authors: Oliveira Davidson Paulo Azevedo , Viana Marger da Conceição Ventura , Rosa Milton
Published: January 2014

Este artigo apresenta o produto educacional, um Caderno de Sugestões para a elaboração de atividades matemáticas pelos professores, que se originou de uma dissertação de Mestrado Profissional em Educação Matemática defendida na UFOP. Esse estudo foi embasado em três teorias da Educação: a História da Matemática, os Fundos de Conhecimentos e a Pedagogia Culturalmente Relevante. Assim, descrevemos brevemente a estrutura desse caderno, as teorias que o fundamentaram, os objetivos que nortearam a sua elaboração, as maneiras de divulgação desse produto educacional e algumas considerações em relação ao desenvolvimento das atividades matemáticas curriculares que foram desenvolvidas com os participantes desse estudo.
Modelagem matemática e o ensino de ajuste de funções: um caderno pedagógico
Authors: Pereira Rudolph dos Santos Gomes , Santos Júnior Guataçara dos
Published: January 2014

Este artigo apresenta um projeto desenvolvido com alunos formandos do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, como parte integrante dos resultados de uma pesquisa do curso de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus Ponta Grossa, cujo objeto de estudo é o uso da Modelagem Matemática como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática. Ao longo do desenvolvimento da atividade pôde-se perceber a interação dos alunos com os demais e com o problema sugerido, tendo em vista que este retratava uma situação real bem como a (re)produção de conhecimentos matemáticos. No final do projeto, percebeu-se que a Modelagem Matemática, como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática, pode contribuir para o aprendizado de conceitos matemáticos e elaborou-se um Caderno Pedagógico que contém a atividade desenvolvida para ser utilizada por outros professores do Ensino Superior na contextualização de conceitos.
Dividindo histórias e opiniões: o produto de uma pesquisa em história da educação matemática
Authors: Salvador Heloisa Hernandez de Fontes , Villela Lucia Maria Aversa
Published: January 2014

O presente texto tem como objetivo contar o processo de criação de um produto anexado a uma pesquisa de natureza histórica em um Programa de Mestrado Profissional de Educação Matemática. Como se sabe, a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) destaca que a pesquisa desenvolvida em um Mestrado Profissional precisa gerar um produto que contribua para a prática dos profissionais da área envolvida. Sabemos que elaborar um produto a ser apensado a uma pesquisa histórica é algo bastante novo, visto que, tradicionalmente, essa linha de pesquisa vincula-se a mestrados acadêmicos. Assim, neste texto apresentamos como, ao elaborar a dissertação Uma história do ensino primário em tempos de modernização da matemática escolar, Vassouras 1950-1969, se deu a apropriação do referencial teórico e como o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em seu todo, incluindo as atividades realizadas durante o estágio supervisionado, proporcionaram o surgimento da ideia do referido material, sua elaboração e os ganhos obtidos.
Ensino de trigonometria numa abordagem histórica: um produto educacional
Authors: Gomes Severino Carlos
Published: January 2014

Este trabalho objetiva relatar a construção de um caderno de atividades para o ensino de trigonometria, enfocando a fusão possível entre a abordagem histórica no ensino de matemática e o mestrado profissional. Para isso, são expostos aspectos teóricos considerados na construção desse produto educacional, uma descrição detalhada da estrutura desse produto, algumas considerações sobre sua aplicação e os principais resultados observados. Ainda, apresentamos parte do produto educacional com o intuito de promover, entre professores de matemática, possíveis articulações pedagógicas envolvendo a trigonometria e sua história.
Simetria no ensino fundamental através da resolução de problemas: possibilidades para um trabalho em sala de aula
Authors: Vieira Gilberto , Paulo Rosa Monteiro , Allevato Norma Suely Gomes
Published: January 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma possibilidade de trabalho com o tema simetria na sala de aula do Ensino Fundamental. A proposta baseia-se na pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática realizada segundo uma abordagem qualitativa. Na pesquisa, foi realizado um trabalho de campo que consistiu no desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática planejada sob a perspectiva do ensino de Matemática através da resolução de problemas com alunos de uma turma de sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Na elaboração da sequência didática, foram levados em consideração aspectos como a intuição e a visualização, relevantes ao estudo da geometria. Durante a realização da sequência didática os diálogos entre os alunos e professor foram gravados e, posteriormente, transcritos. Para a análise dos dados adotaram-se os procedimentos da fenomenologia. Na interpretação dos dados vimos que o ensino de simetria através da resolução de problemas potencializa a aprendizagem. Mostra-se ainda que, em um ambiente de investigação, os alunos são capazes de identificar propriedades, argumentar sobre as características geométricas percebidas e justificar suas afirmações.
Sequência didática para o ensino de trigonometria usando o software GeoGebra
Authors: Lopes Maria Maroni
Published: January 2014

Este artigo visa a apresentação de um produto educacional, um caderno de atividades com recomendação de uso para sala de aula do ensino fundamental e médio, que teve como argumentos teóricos as investigações realizadas na dissertação de Mestrado Profissional em ensino de Matemática. Objetivamos, com esse estudo, analisar algumas das potencialidades e limitações do software GeoGebra no ensino e na aprendizagem de trigonometria. Adotamos as concepções da Didática da Matemática no que se refere ao uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação com os recursos de um software de geometria dinâmica e atividades investigativas. Para tanto, descrevemos brevemente a estrutura do caderno de atividades, apresentando as teorias que o fundamentaram e os objetivos que nortearam sua elaboração.
Numerical modeling of reinforced concrete structures: static and dynamic analysis
Authors: Tamayo Jorge Luis Palomino , Awruch Armando Miguel , Morsch Inácio Benvegnu
Published: January 2014

A numerical model using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, plates and shells is presented in this work. For this purpose, computer programs based on plasticity theory and with crack monitoring capabilities are developed. The static analysis of RC shells up to failure load is carried out using 9-node degenerated shell finite elements while 20-node brick finite elements are used for dynamic applications. The elasto-plastic constitutive law for concrete is coupled with a strain-rate sensitive model in order to take into account high loading rate effect when transient loading is intended. The implicit Newmark scheme with predictor and corrector phases is used for time integration of the nonlinear system of equations. In both cases, the steel reinforcement is considered to be smeared and represented by membrane finite elements. Various benchmark examples are solved with the present numerical model and comparisons with other published data are performed. For all examples, the path failure, collapse loads and failure mechanism is reproduced with great accuracy.
Composite hollow truss with multiple vierendeel panels
Authors: Silva Augusto Ottoni Bueno da , Pinto Júnior Newton de Oliveira , Requena João Alberto Venegas
Published: January 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate through analytical calculation, two-dimensional elastic modeling, and three-dimensional plastic modeling, the bearing capacity and failure modes of composite hollow trusses bi-supported with a 15 meter span, varying the number of central Vierendeel panels. The study found the proportion span/3 - span/3 - span/3, as the ideal relationship for the truss - Vierendeel - truss lengths, because by increasing the proportion of the length occupied by the central Vierendeel panels, the new system loses stiffness and no longer supports the load stipulated in the project. Furthermore, they can start presenting excessive vertical displacements and insufficient resistance to external shear forces acting on the panels.
Evaluating the impact of titanium or equivalent carbon on the hot ductility of medium carbon steels
Authors: Pigatti Gabriel Mombrini , Nicolin Viviane Azambuja Favre , Grillo Felipe Fardin
Published: January 2014

In this work were evaluated the titanium and carbon effects on the hot ductility of medium carbon steels. In order to achieve this, used were the thermomechanical simulator Gleeble® 3500, for the hot tensile tests, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to analyze the aspect of the fracture. Microstructure analysis was done by an optical microscope. Five types of steel were studied. Two of them contained 0.02% of titanium and the others contained only residual amounts of this element. The results indicated that the Ti/N ratio between 3 and 5 regards lower loss of ductility at temperatures between 700ºC and 800ºC and at these temperatures the fractures are non-ductile. Steels containing titanium also show lower austenitic grain size at temperatures near to the austenite to ferrite transformation (Ar3). Moreover, the low ductility temperature was found to be inversely proportional to the equivalent carbon content.