bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN TERHADAP POSTUR KERJA DENGAN KELUHAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA PENGEMUDI BUS PUSAKA DI TERMINAL BARANANGSIANG KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Pratama Septyan , Asnifatima Andi , Ginanjar Rubi
Published: January 2021

Nyeri punggung bawah adalah keluhan yang sering dialami oleh pengemudi Bus. Keluhan nyeri  punggung dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu seperti usia, indeks masa tubuh, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan olahraga, dan masa kerja sedangkan faktor pekerja seperti postur kerja dan durasi kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengankeluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada pengemudi Bus Pusaka di Terminal Baranang Siang Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang menggunakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah 50 responden dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Nonprobability Samplingyaitu sampel jenuh dengan analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode REBA untuk mengukur postur kerja dan analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistic chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok (p-value 0,957),kebiasaan olahraga (p-value 0,391), indeks masa tubuh (p-value 0,162), masa kerja (p-value 0,071) dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah. Sedangkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia (p-value 0,006), postur kerja (p-value 0,000), durasi kerja (p-value0,000) dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah, karena oleh sebab yang menyebabkan otot-otot yang berperan dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan seluruh tubuh.
GAMBARAN STATUS GIZI BERDASARKAN LINGKAR LENGAN ATAS DAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA MAHASISWI FIKES UIKA BOGOR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Adha Chyntia Nurul , Prastia Tika Noor , Rachmania Wina
Published: January 2021

Status gizi adalah keadaan tubuh sebagai akibat konsumsi makanan dan penggunaan zat-zat gizi. Dampak jangka panjang dari masalah gizi pada WUS yang mengalami KEK adalah mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar untuk melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR, sedangkan dampak masalah gizi padaWUS yang mengalami obesitas adalah berisiko mengalami penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran status gizi berdasarkan Lingkar Lengan Atas dan Indeks Massa Tubuh pada mahasiwi Fikes UIKA Bogor. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswi FikesUIKA yang berjumlah 310 orang, dan sampel pada penelitian berjumlah 107 orang dengan menggunakan tekhnik Proportional Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar pengukuran dan lembar panduan pengukuran antropometri. Analisa data menggunakan software pengolah data dengan uji univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi variabel yang diteliti.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata responden berumur 20 tahun, 23,4% mengalami KEK, 20,6% mengalami status gizi kurang, dan 23,4% mengalami status gizi lebih. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah mahasiswi dengan status gizi berat badan lebih cukup banyak dibandingkan mahasiswi dengan status gizi kurus, maka dari itu disarankan untuk menerapkandeteksi status gizi secara berkala kepada seluruh mahasiswa untuk mencegah gizi kurang dan gizi lebih.
GAMBARAN KETERPAPARAN MEDIA BERKONTEN PORNOGRAFI PADA ANAK-ANAK PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 4, 5 DAN 6 DI SDN KAYU MANIS 2 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Rochmawati Dwi , Arsyati Asri Masitha , . Supriyanto
Published: January 2021

Kemudahan dalam mengaskes internet dan keberagaman media saat ini memudahkan anak-anak  terpapar media informasi termasuk konten pornografi. Konten pornografi dapat memicu anak melakukan kekerasan seksual. KPAI berpendapat bahwa kerentanan anak saat ini tidak lagi hanyamenjadi korban tetapi juga menjadi pelaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dan desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan metode analisis univariat. Populasi berjumlah 113 siswa dengan sampel sebanyak 87 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 81,6% responden telah terpapar media berkonten pornografi. Sebanyak17,2% responden terpapar ringan, 18,4% responden terpapar sedang dan 46% responden terpapar berat. Sebanyak 53,8% responden terpapar dari media sosial seperti facebook, google, instagram, tiktok, twitter dan youtube. Sedangkan 12,8% responden lainnya terpapar dari Televisi (TV) dan3,9% responden mengaku pernah melihat langsung adegan berkonten pornografi. Keterpaparan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi karena adanya stimulus dari ajakan teman sebaya meskipun pengetahuan dan sikap responden dapat dikategorikan baik. Perlu adanya sinergitas dari berbagai sektor untukaktif mengkampanyekan gerakan anti terhadap ajakan pornografi. Orang tua dan guru berperan penting dalam mendidik, mengawasi, dan menanamkan nilai-nilai agama agar anak terhindar daripaparan konten pornografi.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELUHAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA PEMBUAT TUSUK SATE DI DESA DAGO KECAMATAN PARUNGPANJANG KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Amalia Shinta Bonita
Published: January 2021

Upaya perlindungan pada pekerja pembuat tusuk sate terhadap risiko bahaya Kecelakaan Akibat Kerja (KAK) dan Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) seperti Low Back Pain (LBP) merupakan kebutuhan yang mendasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan LBP pada pekerja pembuat tusuk sate di Desa  Dago Kecamatan Parungpanjang Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, populasi 37 pekerja dengan metode sampling jenuh yaitu semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sample. Instrumen penelitian yaitu kuesioner, alat timbangan dan microtoise (alat mengukur tinggi badan). Cara analisis data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara usia (P Value 0,384), IMT (P Value 0,603), kebiasaan merokok (P Value 0,773), aktivitas fisik (P Value 0,211) dan faktor pekerjaan (P Value 0,410) dengan keluhan Low Back Pain (LBP). Sedangkan masa kerja (P Value 0,037) dengan keluhan Low Back Pain (LBP) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pekerja yang masa kerja â‰¥ 5 tahun memiliki risiko mengalami Low Back Pain (LBP) dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang memiliki masa kerja â‰¤ 5 tahun. Disarankan agar adanya edukasi terkait penyakit akibat kerja seperti ergonomi dalam sektor informal khususnya pada pekerja pembuat tusuk sate.
GAMBARAN PENCARIAN PENGOBATAN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS IBN KHALDUN BOGOR
Authors: Narendrani Syabilla , Arsyati Asri Masitha , Chotimah Indira
Published: January 2021

Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan pasal 1 poin pertama.Kesehatan adalah keadaan sehat, baik secara fisik, mental, spiritual, maupun sosial yang memungkinkan setiap orang untuk hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomi, kemudian pada pasal 1 poin ke-7 fasilitas pelayanan digunakan untuk menyeleggarakan pelayanan kesehatan, baik peningkatan kesehatan (promotif), pencegahan penyakit (preventif), penyembuhan penyakit (kuratif), dan pemulihan kesehatan (rehabilitatif). Perilaku pencarian pengobatan telah diefinisikan sebagai kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh individu yang menganggap diri mereka memiliki masalah kesehatan atau sakit dan dimaksudkan untuk menemukan pengobatan yang tepat (Mackian, 2003).
HYGIENE PENJAMAH MAKANAN MENYEBABKAN KONTAMINASI ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA JAJANAN PASAR TRADISIONAL
Authors: Nasution Ade Saputra
Published: January 2021

Makanan jajanan pasar tradisional banyak diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena rasa yang enak, murah, mudah dijumpai dan kaya akan zat gizi. Pembuatan makanan jajanan harus diperhatikan hygiene penjamah makanan karena sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas dari makanan dan menghindari kontaminasi Escherichia coli. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan hygiene penjamah makanan dengan kontaminasi Escherichia colipada jajanan pasar tradisional Batujajar Kabupaten Bandung Barat.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data primer yang diperoleh melalui observasi dan hasil laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling yaitu terhadap 10 responden. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa lebih dari setengahnya penjamah makanan tidak hygiene sebanyak 6 orang (60%), lebih dari setengahnya ada kandungan Escherichia colisebanyak 7 orang (70%) dan terdapat hubungan hygiene penjamah makanan dengan kontaminasi Escherichia colipada jajanan pasar tradisional Batujajar Kabupaten Bandung Barat.
HUBUNGAN RISIKO ERGONOMI DENGAN KELUHAN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA PEKERJA INFORMAL BENGKEL LAS DI KELURAHAN SAWANGAN BARU DAN KELURAHAN PASIR PUTIH KOTA DEPOK TAHUN 2019
Authors: Suryanto Dwi , Ginanjar Rubi , Fathimah Anissatul
Published: January 2021

Gangguan musculoskeletal merupakan salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dan kecacatan pekerja di negara-negara maju dan berkembang. Menurut International Labour Organization (ILO), setiap tahun terjadi 2,3 juta kematian yang disebabkan oleh kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara risiko ergonomi dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders pada pekerja bengkel las. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain studi Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu teknik Non Random Sampling dengan metode Sampling Jenuh. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 40 responden dan sampel yang terpilih 30 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara risiko ergonomi (p=0,009) dan usia (p=0,001) dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Sedangkan variabel indeks masa tubuh (p=0,492), kesegaran jasmani (p=0,708), masa kerja (p=0,461) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=1,000) tidak ada hubungan dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan antara risiko ergonomi dan usia dengan keluhan MSDs.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) PADA ANAK DI DESA CIBANTENG KECAMATAN CIAMPEA KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN 2019
Authors: Aisyah Nur , Nasution Andreanda , . Supriyanto
Published: January 2021

Demam Berdarah Dengue merupakan penyakit yang berbahaya, bahkan menyebabkan kematian. Menurut data Puskesmas Ciampea tahun 2018 jumlah kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue mengalami peningkatan di Desa Cibanteng. Pada tahun 2017 jumlah kasus di Desa Cibanteng adalah 5,10% menjadi 21,24%. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan Perilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga terhadap Pencegahan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) pada Anak di Desa Cibanteng Kecamatan Ciampea Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional dan teknik pengambilan sampel Simple Random Sampling. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 8.625 perempuan dan sampel sebanyak 100 ibu rumah tangga di Desa Cibanteng. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari data primer dan dianalisis menggunakan Uji Chi-Square.
Soberanía: el eterno retorno de Juan Bodino
Authors: Pendás Benigno
Published: January 2021

Más que ningún otro concepto, la soberanía es la seña de identidad del Estado como forma política. Hace tiempo que se habla de su crisis, pero todavía está viva y activa y define la actividad de los centros de decisión política. Así lo demuestra la pandemia de la COVID 19 con ejemplos muy significativos. Este artículo ofrece una reflexión contemporánea sobre la idea de soberanía en Jean Bodin, situada en su contexto histórico y en sus elementos conceptuales. Explica así que sigue siendo un autor fundamentalen la Historia del Pensamiento Político y lo sitúa en los debates jurídicos y políticos del siglo XXI como un pensador de primer nivel. Por último, se plantea la realidad de la soberanía a día de hoy, en relación con la Globalización y con el equilibrio de poderes entre los Estados.
SMITH, B. y BROWNE, C. A. (2019). Tools and Weapons. The promise and the peril of the digital age. Londres: Hodder & Stoughton (Recensión)
Authors: Moret Millás Vicente
Published: January 2021

Recensión de la obra: SMITH, B. y BROWNE, C. A. (2019). Tools and Weapons. The promise and the peril of the digital age. Londres: Hodder & Stoughton
Francisellosis of Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Japan is caused by a novel type of Francisella halioticida
Authors: Kawahara M , Yoshitake K , Yoshinaga T , Itoh N
Published: January 2021

Francisella halioticida, the causative agent of francisellosis of the giant abalone Haliotis gigantea, has also been isolated from Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis, which presented with orange/pinkish lesions in the adductor muscle and experienced high mortality. However, it is not clear whether the F. halioticida isolated from the giant abalone and Yesso scallops are phenotypically and genetically identical to each other. The present study revealed that isolates from the giant abalone and Yesso scallops were phenotypically different, with slower growth in modified eugon broth and a lack of prolyl aminopeptidase and phenylalanine aminopeptidase in Yesso scallop isolates. Additionally, we found that 3 of 8 housekeeping genes were different between them. Based on these phenotypic and genetic differences, we propose that F. halioticida isolated from Yesso scallops in Japan be designated as the ‘J-scallop type’ to distinguish it from strains from abalone (‘abalone type’). Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a strain belonging to the J-scallop type showed that the overall similarity between the J-scallop and abalone type strains was estimated to be 99.84%. In accordance with a lack of prolyl aminopeptidase activity, in general, all of the J-scallop type strains examined have a 1 bp deletion in the responsible gene encoding prolyl aminopeptidase. This deletion was confirmed in all F. halioticida in diseased Yesso scallops examined, suggesting that in Japan, francisellosis of Yesso scallops is caused by a novel type of F. halioticida and not by the abalone type.
Prime Sequences and Distributions
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: January 2021

The method of prime modulo cycles or prime harmonics was applied in the analysis of several types of consecutive prime distributions such as single primes; quadruplet primes; and several cases of Polignac’s conjecture, allowing to produce estimates for the number of sequences in an arbitrary range. As well, a complete classification of consecutive prime sequences is given
Iron Overload Is Associated With Accelerated Progression of Osteoarthritis: The Role of DMT1 Mediated Iron Homeostasis
Authors: Jing Xingzhi , Lin Jiamin , Du Ting , Jiang Zhensong , Li Tao , Wang Guodong , Liu Xiaoyang , Cui Xingang , Sun Kai
Published: January 2021

Objective: Iron overload is common in elderly people which is associated with an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), but the exact role of iron in the development of OA has not been established. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the connection between iron overload and OA using an iron overloaded mice model, as well as to explore the role of iron homeostasis, iron transporters dependent iron influx in OA pathogenesis.

Methods: The iron overloaded mice model was established and OA was surgically induced. OA progression was assessed at 8 weeks after surgery. Next, primary chondrocytes were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and iron regulators mediated iron homeostasis were evaluated. Involvement of iron transporters was analyzed using chondrocytes mimicking an osteoarthritis-related phenotype in vitro.

Results: Iron overloaded mice exhibited greater cartilage destruction and elevated ADAMTS5 as well as MMP13 expression along with increased iron accumulation and dysregulated iron regulators. Pro-inflammatory cytokines could disturb cellular iron homeostasis via upregulating iron import proteins, TFR1 and DMT1, downregulating iron efflux protein FPN, thus result in cellular iron overload. Among iron transporters, DMT1 was found to play pivotal roles in iron overload induced OA progress. Inhibition of DMT1 suppressed IL-1β induced inflammatory response and ECM degradation via blockade of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathways.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that iron takes parts in the development of OA and cutting iron influx via inhibiting DMT1 activity could be an attractive new target for OA treatment.
TLRs as a Promise Target Along With Immune Checkpoint Against Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cui Lin , Wang Xiuqing , Zhang Dekai
Published: January 2021

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the incidence of gastric cancer in Asia appears to increase in recent years. Although there is a lot of improvement in treatment approaches, the prognosis of GC is poor. So it is urgent to search for a novel and more effective treatment to improve the survival rate of patients. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are important in cancer. In the innate immune system, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Many studies have reported that TLRs are involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of GC. Therefore, TLRs are potential targets for immunotherapy to gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder, and TLRs function in GC is complex. TLRs agonists can be potentially used not only as therapeutic agents to treat gastric cancer but also as adjuvants in conjunction with other immunotherapies. They might provide a promising new target for GC treatment. In the review, we sort out the mechanism of TLRs involved in tumor immunity and summarize the current progress in TLRs-based therapeutic approaches and other immunotherapies in the treatment of GC.
Estimation of Secular Change in the Size of Continents for Understanding Early Crustal Development
Authors: Sawada Hikaru
Published: January 2021

The size of continents is an essential parameter to understand the growth of the continental crust and the evolution of the solid Earth because it is subject to tectonism and mantle convection and affects the preservation of the crust. This article reviews the secular change in the size of continents on the early Earth, focusing on terrigenous clastic rocks, especially quartzose sandstones occurring on relatively large continents. The earliest continental crust in the Hadean or early Archean was produced with a width of ∼200–500 km, similar to modern oceanic island arcs along subduction zones or oceanic islands in hot spot regions by mantle plume heating. Through the collision and amalgamation of such primitive continental crusts, continental blocks over 500 km in width and length evolved and appeared by ca. 3.5 Ga. Through further amalgamation, during ca. 3.3–2.5 Ga, the Archean continents emerged with widths and lengths greater than 1,000 km, which were still smaller than those of modern continents. Continents with widths and lengths of nearly 10,000 km have existed since ca. 2.4 Ga (early Proterozoic). Further analyses of the composition and formation mechanism of clastic rocks will help reveal more quantitative secular changes in the sizes of continents.
Reduced Fragmentation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 as a Potential Mechanism for Decreased Ratio of IGF-II to IGFBPs in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Response to Repeated Intrathecal Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hoeflich Andreas , Fitzner Brit , Walz Christina , Hecker Michael , Tuchscherer Armin , Brenmoehl Julia , Zettl Uwe Klaus
Published: January 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the brain and spinal cord causing a wide range of symptoms such as impaired walking capability, spasticity, fatigue, and pain. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has regulatory functions for the induction of inflammatory pathways in experimental encephalomyelitis. We have therefore assessed expression and regulation of the IGF system on the level of IGFs and IGFBPs in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the course of four repeated triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) administrations in two female and four male MS patients. Sample series of 20 treatment cycles were analyzed. IGF-I and IGF-II were quantified by ELISAs, and IGFBPs were analyzed by quantitative Western ligand (qWLB) and Western immunoblotting (WIB) in order to differentiate intact and fragmented IGFBPs. The ratios of fragmented to intact IGFBP-2 and -3 were calculated in serum and CSF. Finally, the ratios of IGF-I and IGF-II to the total IGF-binding activity, quantified by qWLB, were determined as an indicator of IGF-related bioactivity. After the fourth TCA administration, the average level of IGF-I was increased in serum (p < 0.001). The increase of IGF-I concentrations in serum resulted in an increased ratio of IGF-I to IGFBPs in the circulation. By contrast in CSF, fragmentation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and the ratio of IGF-II to intact IGFBPs were decreased at the fourth TCA administration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, reduced fragmentation of IGFBP-3 in CSF was accompanied by increased concentrations of intact IGFBP-3 (p < 0.001). We conclude that reduced fragmentation of IGFBPs and concomitant reduction of IGF-II to IGFBP ratios indicate regulation of bioactivity of IGF-II in CSF during repeated intrathecal TCA administration in MS patients.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Tocilizumab-Treated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as an in vitro Model of Inflammation
Authors: Zarinsefat Arya , Hartoularos George , Rychkov Dmitry , Rashmi Priyanka , Chandran Sindhu , Vincenti Flavio , Yee Chun J. , Sarwal Minnie M.
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has posed a significant threat to global health. Early data has revealed that IL-6, a key regulatory cytokine, plays an important role in the cytokine storm of COVID-19. Multiple trials are therefore looking at the effects of Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antibody that inhibits IL-6 activity, on treatment of COVID-19, with promising findings. As part of a clinical trial looking at the effects of Tocilizumab treatment on kidney transplant recipients with subclinical rejection, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of comparing stimulated PBMCs before and after Tocilizumab treatment. We leveraged this data to create anin vitrocytokine storm model, to better understand the effects of Tocilizumab in the presence of inflammation. Tocilizumab-treated cells had reduced expression of inflammatory-mediated genes and biologic pathways, particularly amongst monocytes. These results support the hypothesis that Tocilizumab may hinder the cytokine storm of COVID-19, through a demonstration of biologic impact at the single-cell level.
Global Studies of Using Fecal Biomarkers in Predicting Relapse in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Liu Fang , Lee Seul A. , Riordan Stephen M. , Zhang Li , Zhu Lixin
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract mainly comprising two forms including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a lifelong relapsing remitting disease and relapses occur at random patterns which are unpredictable. Fecal biomarkers have been increasingly used to assess disease activity in IBD due to their positive correlations with intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have also assessed the use of fecal biomarkers in predicting relapse and post-operative recurrence. This review provides information from global studies of using fecal calprotectin, lactoferrin and S100A12 to predict relapse in IBD. Strategies for further studies and the use of these fecal biomarkers for personalized management in IBD are also discussed.
The Blockade of TACE-Dependent EGF Receptor Activation by Losartan-Erlotinib Combination Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Formation in 5/6-Nephrectomized Rats Under Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Gonçalves Janaína Garcia , Canale Daniele , de Bragança Ana Carolina , Seguro Antonio Carlos , Shimizu Maria Heloisa Massola , Volpini Rildo Aparecido
Published: January 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major public health issue. In addition to cardiovascular diseases and infections, hypovitaminosis D has been considered a non-traditional aggravating factor for CKD progression. Interstitial fibrosis is a hallmark of CKD strongly correlated with deterioration of renal function. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the major regulatory profibrotic cytokine in CKD. Many injurious stimuli converge on the TGF-β pathway, which has context-dependent pleiotropic effects and interacts with several related renal fibrosis formation (RFF) pathways. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critically involved in CKD progression, exerting a pathogenic role in RFF associated with TGF-β-related fibrogenesis. Among others, EGFR pathway can be activated by a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase known as tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). Currently no effective therapy is available to completely arrest RFF and slow the progression of CKD. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a double treatment with losartan potassium (L), an AT1R antagonist, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (E) on the alternative pathway of RFF related to TACE-dependent EGFR activation in 5/6-nephrectomized rats under vitamin D deficiency (D). During the 90-day protocol, male Wistar rats under D, were submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy (N) on day 30 and randomized into four groups: N+D, no treatment; N+D+L, received losartan (50 mg/kg/day); N+D+E, received erlotinib (6 mg/kg/day); N+D+L+E received losartan+erlotinib treatment. N+D+L+E data demonstrated that the double treatment with losartan+erlotinib not only blocked the TACE-dependent EGF receptor activation but also prevented the expression of TGF-β, protecting against RFF. This renoprotection by losartan+erlotinib was corroborated by a lower expression of ECM proteins and markers of phenotypic alteration as well as a lesser inflammatory cell infiltrate. Although erlotinib alone has been emerging as a renoprotective drug, its association with losartan should be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy on the modulation of RFF.
Quantification of Moss-Associated Cyanobacteria Using Phycocyanin Pigment Extraction
Authors: Renaudin Marie , Darnajoux Romain , Bellenger Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2021

In the boreal forest, cyanobacteria can establish associations with feather moss and realize the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) reaction, consisting in the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into bioavailable ammonium. In this ecosystem, moss-associated cyanobacteria are the main contributors to BNF by contributing up to 50% of new N input. Current environmental changes driven by anthropogenic activities will likely affect cyanobacteria activity (i.e., BNF) and populations inhabiting mosses, leading to potential important consequences for the boreal forest. Several methods are available to efficiently measure BNF activity, but quantifying cyanobacteria biomass associated with moss is challenging because of the difficulty to separate bacteria colonies from the host plant. Attempts to separate cyanobacteria by shaking or sonicating in water were shown to be poorly efficient and repeatable. The techniques commonly used, microscopic counting and quantitative PCR (qPCR) are laborious and time-consuming. In aquatic and marine ecosystems, phycocyanin (PC), a photosynthesis pigment produced by cyanobacteria, is commonly used to monitor cyanobacteria biomass. In this study, we tested if PC extraction and quantification can be used to estimate cyanobacteria quantity inhabiting moss. We report that phycocyanin can be easily extracted from moss by freeze/thaw disturbance of cyanobacteria cells and can be quickly and efficiently measured by spectrofluorometry. We also report that phycocyanin extraction is efficient (high recovery), repeatable (relative SD < 13%) and that no significant matrix effects were observed. As for aquatic systems, the main limitation of cyanobacteria quantification using phycocyanin is the difference of cellular phycocyanin content between cyanobacteria strains, suggesting that quantification can be impacted by cyanobacteria community composition. Nonetheless, we conclude that phycocyanin extraction and quantification is an easy, rapid, and efficient tool to estimate moss-associated cyanobacteria number.
Performance Analysis With Different Types of Visual Stimuli in a BCI-Based Speller Under an RSVP Paradigm
Authors: Ron-Angevin Ricardo , Medina-Juliá M. Teresa , Fernández-Rodríguez Álvaro , Velasco-Álvarez Francisco , Andre Jean-Marc , Lespinet-Najib Veronique , Garcia Liliana
Published: January 2021

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems enable an alternative communication channel for severely-motor disabled patients to interact with their environment using no muscular movements. In recent years, the importance of research into non-gaze dependent brain-computer interface paradigms has been increasing, in contrast to the most frequently studied BCI-based speller paradigm (i.e., row-column presentation, RCP). Several visual modifications that have already been validated under the RCP paradigm for communication purposes have not been validated under the most extended non-gaze dependent rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. Thus, in the present study, three different sets of stimuli were assessed under RSVP, with the following communication features: white letters (WL), famous faces (FF), neutral pictures (NP). Eleven healthy subjects participated in this experiment, in which the subjects had to go through a calibration phase, an online phase and, finally, a subjective questionnaire completion phase. The results showed that the FF and NP stimuli promoted better performance in the calibration and online phases, being slightly better in the FF paradigm. Regarding the subjective questionnaires, again both FF and NP were preferred by the participants in contrast to the WL stimuli, but this time the NP stimuli scored slightly higher. These findings suggest that the use of FF and NP for RSVP-based spellers could be beneficial to increase information transfer rate in comparison to the most frequently used letter-based stimuli and could represent a promising communication system for individuals with altered ocular-motor function.
Quantitative Muscle MRI as Outcome Measure in Patients With Becker Muscular Dystrophy—A 1-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sheikh Aisha M. , Rudolf Karen , Witting Nanna , Vissing John
Published: January 2021

Introduction: With the advent of emerging molecular therapies for muscular dystrophies, the need for knowledge about natural history course of such diseases is of utmost importance in the preparation for future trials. However, for Becker muscular dystrophy such knowledge is scarce.

Objective: In this 1-year follow-up study, we examined disease progression in Becker muscular dystrophy by monitoring changes in MRI-assessed muscle fat fraction (FF) in axial and lower limb muscles and quantitative muscle strength of axial muscles.

Methods and Materials: Sixteen patients with Becker muscular dystrophy were investigated by (1) muscle strength of the trunk using a Biodex dynamometer and (2) Dixon muscle MRI of paraspinal and lower limb muscles. Quantitative MRI data was analyzed in two parts: The first part consisted of all participants (N = 16). The second analysis assessed two separate groups comprising lesser affected participants (N = 5) and more severely affected patients (n = 11).

Results: Trunk extension and flexion strength remained stable from baseline to follow-up. MRI did not show any significant increase in muscle FF % from baseline to follow-up in all patients, except for multifidus at the spinal level T12 (p = 0.01). However, when we analyzed the two subgroups, according to disease severity, FF% increased in the lesser severely affected group at L4/L5 erector spinae (p = 0.047), sartorius (p = 0.028), gracilis (p = 0.009), tibialis anterior (p = 0.047), peroneals (p = 0.028), and gastrocnemius medialis (p = 0.009), while the severely affected group only increased significantly at T12 multifidus (p = 0.028) and T12 erector spinae (p = 0.011). No difference in muscle strength was observed in the two subgroups.

Conclusion: Our results add to the existing knowledge about the natural rate of disease progression in BMD. As quantitative MRI was able to identify changes where strength assessment was not, MRI could be a strong biomarker for change in BMD. However, our findings show that it is important to stratify patients with BMD according to phenotype for future clinical trials.
Nuclear ING3 Expression Is Correlated With a Good Prognosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Chen Chuang , Luo Bin , Yan Dandan , Yan Honglin , Chen Fangfang , Guan Feng , Wu Hao , Yuan Jingping
Published: January 2021

The inhibitor of growth (ING) family was discovered as the type II tumor suppressors, which regulated the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells through multiple pathways. ING3, a new member of ING family, has been reported to be downregulated in several types of tumors. However, few studies on ING3 in breast cancer have been reported. In this study, we investigated the expression of ING3 and determined its prognostic value in breast cancer. The immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of ING3 in tissue microarrays (TMA) including breast cancer tissues (n=211) and normal breast tissues (n=50). In normal breast tissues, ING3 protein was detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In breast cancer tissues, ING3 protein was principally detected in the cytoplasm. Compared with normal breast tissues, the expression of ING3 in nucleus was remarkably reduced in breast cancer tissues. The downregulated ING3 in nucleus was significantly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics including histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and the status of ER and PR. In HER2 positive-type and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, it had the lower rate of nuclear ING3 with high expression than that in luminal-type. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the reduced expression of ING3 in nucleus was correlated with a poorer 5-DFS and 5-OS of breast cancer patients. Importantly, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the reduced expression of ING3 in nucleus was an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Our study comprehensively described the expression of ING3 in breast cancer for the first time and proved that it was an independent prognostic predictor of breast cancer, as well as a new idea for study of breast cancer.
Chromatin Accessibility Regulates Gene Expression and Correlates With Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Chenshen , Huang Runzhi , Chen Hong , Ni Zhizhan , Huang Qi , Huang Zongqiang , Ge Bujun
Published: January 2021

Background

We explored key molecules affecting the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD) using co-analysis of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), mRNA expression (RNA-seq), and overall survival.

Methods

We used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) profiles to identify genes with chromatin accessibilities in their promoter regions. The RNA-seq profiles were processed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at mRNA level. The DEGs with chromatin accessibilities in promoter regions were further filtered using the Pearson correlation with TP53 expression. After co-analysis, genes were identified for the prognostic value using Kaplan–Meier method, followed by Pearson correlation analysis with significant pathways. For verification, we acquired clinical samples for qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Multidimensional database validations were performed to prevent the bias introduced by the use of a single database.

Results

We identified 11,557 DEGs and 57 genes with chromatin accessibilities. The co-analysis of ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and clinical survival data revealed that interleukin-18 binding protein (IL18BP), with significant chromatin accessibility in its promoter region and differential mRNA expression, might be directly regulated by TP53 and influence STAD prognosis. Further, gene set variation analysis indicated that IL18BP may impact the survival of STAD patients in an immune-related manner. According to the CIBERSORT algorithm and Pearson correlation, the integration of IL18BP and CD4+ T memory cells may play an important role in the prognosis of STAD patients.

Conclusion

IL18BP, regulated by TP53, may serve as a key molecule affecting STAD prognosis. And the mechanism is proposed to be the interaction between IL18BP and CD4+ T cells.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Krishnamurti Lakshmanan
Published: January 2021

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe autosomal recessively inherited disorder of the red blood cell characterized by erythrocyte deformation caused by the polymerization of the abnormal hemoglobin, which leads to erythrocyte deformation and triggers downstream pathological changes. These include abnormal rheology, vaso-occlusion, ischemic tissue damage, and hemolysis-associated endothelial dysfunction. These acute and chronic physiologic disturbances contribute to morbidity, organ dysfunction, and diminished survival. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from HLA-matched or unrelated donors or haploidentical related donors or genetically modified autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells is performed with the intent of cure or long-term amelioration of disease manifestations. Excellent outcomes have been observed following HLA-identical matched related donor HCT. The majority of SCD patients do not have an available HLA-identical sibling donor. Increasingly, however, they have the option of undergoing HCT from unrelated HLA matched or related haploidentical donors. The preliminary results of transplantation of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells genetically modified by adding a non-sickling gene or by genomic editing to increase expression of fetal hemoglobin are encouraging. These approaches are being evaluated in early-phase clinical trials. In performing HCT in patients with SCD, careful consideration must be given to patient and donor selection, conditioning and graft-vs.-host disease regimen, and pre-HCT evaluation and management during and after HCT. Sociodemographic factors may also impact awareness of and access to HCT. Further, there is a substantial decisional dilemma in HCT with complex tradeoffs between the possibility of amelioration of disease manifestations and early or late complications of HCT. The performance of HCT for SCD requires careful multidisciplinary collaboration and shared decision making between the physician and informed patients and caregivers.
The Effect of Inflammation on Bone
Authors: Epsley Scott , Tadros Samuel , Farid Alexander , Kargilis Daniel , Mehta Sameer , Rajapakse Chamith S.
Published: January 2021

Bone remodeling is the continual process to renew the adult skeleton through the sequential action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Nuclear factor RANK, an osteoclast receptor, and its ligand RANKL, expressed on the surface of osteoblasts, result in coordinated control of bone remodeling. Inflammation, a feature of illness and injury, plays a distinct role in skewing this process toward resorption. It does so via the interaction of inflammatory mediators and their related peptides with osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as other immune cells, to alter the expression of RANK and RANKL. Such chemical mediators include TNFα, glucocorticoids, histamine, bradykinin, PGE2, systemic RANKL from immune cells, and interleukins 1 and 6. Conditions, such as periodontal disease and alveolar bone erosion, aseptic prosthetic loosening, rheumatoid arthritis, and some sports related injuries are characterized by the result of this process. A thorough understanding of bone response to injury and disease, and ability to detect such biomarkers, as well as imaging to identify early structural and mechanical property changes in bone architecture, is important in improving management and outcomes of bone related pathology. While gut health and vitamin and mineral availability appear vitally important, nutraceuticals also have an impact on bone health. To date most pharmaceutical intervention targets inflammatory cytokines, although strategies to favorably alter inflammation induced bone pathology are currently limited. Further research is required in this field to advance early detection and treatments.
Is Fear of COVID-19 Contagious? The Effects of Emotion Contagion and Social Media Use on Anxiety in Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Wheaton Michael G. , Prikhidko Alena , Messner Gabrielle R.
Published: January 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, causing substantial anxiety. One potential factor in the spread of anxiety in response to a pandemic threat is emotion contagion, the finding that emotional experiences can be socially spread through conscious and unconscious pathways. Some individuals are more susceptible to social contagion effects and may be more likely to experience anxiety and other mental health symptoms in response to a pandemic threat. Therefore, we studied the relationship between emotion contagion and mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. We administered the Emotion Contagion Scale (ESC) along with a measure of anxiety in response to COVID-19 (modified from a previous scale designed to quantify fear of the Swine Flu outbreak) and secondary outcome measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. These measures were completed by a large (n = 603) student sample in the United States. Data were collected in the months of April and May of 2020 when the fear of COVID-19 was widespread. Results revealed that greater susceptibility to emotion contagion was associated with greater concern about the spread of COVID-19, more depression, anxiety, stress, and OCD symptoms. Consumption of media about COVID-19 also predicted anxiety about COVID-19, though results were not moderated by emotion contagion. However, emotion contagion did moderate the relationship between COVID-19-related media consumption and elevated OCD symptoms. Although limited by a cross-sectional design that precludes causal inferences, the present results highlight the need for study of how illness fears may be transmitted socially during a pandemic.
Comparison of Sports Habits and Attitudes in University Students of Physical and Sports Education of Mostaganem (Algeria) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences of León (Spain)
Authors: Zubiaur Marta , Zitouni Abdelkader , Del Horno Saray
Published: January 2021

Background

In their professional practice, teachers can exert a strong influence on students, promoting healthy habits for life through the example of their own lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare sports habits and attitudes in Physical Activity and Sports Education students at the universities of León (Spain) and Mostaganem (Algeria).

Methods

We administered the “Motivations and Attitudes Toward Physical Activity and Sports” questionnaire (in Spanish MIAFD) to 125 Algerian university students from the Institute for Physical Education and Sport (age: 21.87 ± 2.51) and 122 Spanish university students (age: 22.98 ± 2.36) from the Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science.

Results

Chi-square tests showed significant differences (p < 0.001) with a large effect size (Cramer’s V: 0.650) in perceptions of sport and satisfaction with participation.

Conclusion

The students from Mostaganem and Leon show many similarities, such as the number of female students in physical education and sport is quite small compared to male students. Both consider that universities should improve sports facilities to promote good practice. The practice of sports by our university students is far superior to that of students with other degrees, suggesting that they will set a good example of healthy habits once they enter their profession. Nevertheless, the participation of female Algerian students in sport was lower than that of Spanish students, and students at León showed more intrinsic motivation for participating in sport than their counterparts at Mostaganem.
The Applicability and Performance of Tools Used to Assess the Father-Offspring Relationship in Relation to Parental Psychopathology and Offspring Outcomes
Authors: Siew Jasmine , Iles Jane , Domoney Jill , Bristow Florence , Darwin Zoe J. , Sethna Vaheshta
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Father-infant interactions are important for optimal offspring outcomes. Moreover, paternal perinatal psychopathology is associated with psychological and developmental disturbances in the offspring, and this risk may increase when both parents are unwell. While, the father-offspring relationship is a plausible mechanism of risk transmission, there is presently no “gold standard” tool for assessing the father-offspring relationship. Therefore, we systematically searched and reviewed the application and performance of tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship from pregnancy to 24-months postnatal.

Methods: Four electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care Database, and CINAHL) were searched. Selected articles included evidence of father-offspring relationship assessment in relation to parental perinatal psychopathology and/or offspring outcomes. Data was extracted and synthesized according to the following: (i) evidence supporting the performance of tools in terms of their psychometric properties when applied in the context of fathers, (ii) tool specific characteristics, and (iii) study specific methodological aspects in which the tool was embedded.

Results: Of the 30,500 records eligible for screening, 38 unique tools used to assess the father-offspring relationship were identified, from 61 studies. Ten tools were employed in the context of paternal psychopathology, three in the context of maternal psychopathology, and seven in the context of both maternal and paternal psychopathology, while nine tools were applied in the context of offspring outcomes only. The remaining nine tools were used in the context of both parental psychopathology (i.e., paternal, and/or maternal psychopathology) and offspring outcomes. Evidence supporting the psychometric robustness of the extracted observational, self-report and interview-based tools was generally limited. Most tools were originally developed in maternal samples—with few tools demonstrating evidence of content validation specific to fathers. Furthermore, various elements influencing tool performance were recognized—including variation in tool characteristics (e.g., relationship dimensions assessed, assessment mode, and scoring formats) and study specific methodological aspects, (e.g., setting and study design, sample characteristics, timing and nature of parental psychopathology, and offspring outcomes).

Conclusion: Given the strengths and limitations of each mode of assessment, future studies may benefit from a multimethod approach to assessing the father-offspring relationship, which may provide a more accurate assessment than one method alone.