bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to select a nanopositioner solution?
Authors: Pascal Emmanuel , Jordan Scott
Published: May 2022

Many recent innovations have been enabled by high precision positioning devices operating at a nanometer level or below. Developments in this field have been very fast over the last years supported by applications in material sciences, genomics, photonics, defense, biophysics, and semiconductors creating challenges for the scientists and engineers in need of precise and yet robust positioning systems. The critical point is: how should you select your nano positioning solution?
Retour d’expérience sur l’introduction du service sanitaire des étudiants en santé dans la formation de maïeutique en France. Étude exploratoire des perceptions des enseignantes
Authors: Mahieu Céline
Published: May 2022

Contexte : L’introduction en France du service sanitaire dans les formations des étudiants en médecine, soins infirmiers, kinésithérapie, maïeutique, odontologie et pharmacie date de juin 2018. Le service sanitaire des étudiants en santé (SSES) correspond à un enseignement théorique et pratique en interprofessionnalité de promotion et éducation pour la santé (EPS). But : Rapporter un retour d’expérience sur l’introduction du SSES dans le cadre des études de maïeutique. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative associant l’analyse de contenu de dix entretiens auprès d’enseignantes et directrices d’école de sages-femmes et de maquettes pédagogiques. Résultats : Les interviewées relatent des difficultés d’organisation. L’analyse des maquettes pédagogiques montre de grandes différences de réingénierie. La difficulté et la force du SSES résideraient dans l’interprofessionnalité. La majorité des interviewées perçoivent le SSES comme un moyen de sensibiliser les étudiants en santé à la posture d’écoute, éducative et éthique vis-à-vis des usagers. Conclusion : Alors que le gouvernement met en exergue l’enjeu de prévention auprès de publics cibles à l’occasion du SSES, les enseignantes n’en ont pas cette représentation. Elles le voient davantage comme un outil d’apprentissage permettant de sensibiliser les futurs professionnels de santé à réaliser de manière adaptée de l’EPS dans leurs missions et à travailler en collaboration interprofessionnelle. Par ailleurs, l’introduction du SSES a généré des inquiétudes et une surcharge de travail. Cependant, les enseignantes ont adopté cette prescription politique en l’adaptant en fonction des contraintes au niveau de leur environnement de travail.
Stability Research of an SEIR Model with Distinct General Contact Rates and Infectious Force in Latent and Recovered Period
Authors: MA Yanli , LI Hongju
Published: May 2022

In this work, an SEIR infectious model with distinct general contact rates and infectious force in latent and recovered period is established, and the stability of the model is studied using theoretical and numerical methods. First, we derive the basic reproduction number R0, which determines whether the disease is extinct or not. Second, using the LaSalle’s invariance principle, we show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease always dies out when R0<1. On the other hand, by Routh-Hurwitz criterion theory, we also prove that the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and that the unique endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0>1. Third, through the method of autonomous convergence theorem, we obtain that the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease persists at this endemic equilibrium when R0>1. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Using Deep Learning Algorithms to Improve Energy Resolution in the Semileptonic Decays
Authors: WANG Yang , CAI Hao , SUN Liang
Published: May 2022

The neutrino closure method can be used to obtain the decay kinematics with one missing final state particle (ν) in semileptonic decays. Its solution should give the square of the invariant mass of the lv system (q2) and momentum (P) of the decayed mother particle in semileptonic decay process. However, the resolution obtained by solving two-solution problems with existing algorithms is limited. We propose a new method based on deep learning to improve the resolution of the two key physical quantities when processing Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experimental data. Resolution of q2 (P) can be improved evenly 1.7% (8.2%) by regression algorithm and 2.7% (9.6%) by classification algorithm compared to linear regression algorithm. The resolution improvements using the new method will benefit the studies on semileptonic decays in hardon collider experiments. Moreover, the new method can be applied to other decays with a missing particle in the final state.
Active micromixer platform based on Lorentz force for lab-on-a-chip application
Authors: Kandalkar Aniket , Pathak Nachiket , Kulkarni Atharva , Morarka Amit
Published: May 2022

Mixing in an active micromixer was achieved using Lorentz force-assisted actuation of an enameled copper wire. A single-step template-assisted soft lithography technique was used to construct the mixing chamber. The chamber had a volume of 1.86 µl. The application of a square wave alternating current in tandem with tension in the wire provided the necessary conditions for the resonant oscillation frequency of the wire. The repeatability of the ratio of higher harmonics to the fundamental frequencies of the oscillating wire conforms to standardization of the device fabrication, assembly, and functionality. Simulations and experiments were performed to validate uniform temperature distribution in the mixing chamber. Real-time optical detection of the sample assisted in sensing the completion of chemical reactions in the chamber. Mixing of various aqueous based chemical reactions was performed. It was found that mixing efficiency was greater than 95 percent. Multiple devices were fabricated to show the usability and reproducibility of the system.
A high pressure, high temperature gas medium apparatus to measure acoustic velocities during deformation of rock
Authors: Harbord C. , Brantut N. , David E. C. , Mitchell T. M.
Published: May 2022

A new setup to measure acoustic wave velocities through deforming rock samples at high pressures (up to 1000 MPa), temperatures (up to 700 °C), and differential stresses (up to 1500 MPa) has been developed in a recently refurbished gas medium triaxial deformation apparatus. The conditions span a wide range of geological environments and allow us to accurately measure differential stress and strains at conditions that are typically only accessible in solid medium apparatus. Calibrations of our newly constructed internal furnace up to 1000 MPa confining pressure and temperatures of up to 400 °C demonstrate that the hot zone is displaced downward with increasing confining pressure, resulting in temperature gradients that are minimized by adequately adjusting the sample position. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are conducted in the direction of compression by the pulse-transmission method. Arrival times are corrected for delays resulting from the geometry of the sample assembly, and high-precision relative measurements are obtained by cross correlation. Delays for waves reflected at the interface between the loading piston and sample are nearly linearly dependent on differential applied load due to the load dependence of interface stiffness. Measurements of such delays can be used to infer sample load internally. We illustrate the working of the apparatus by conducting experiments on limestone at 200 MPa confining pressure and room temperature and 400 °C. Ultrasonic data clearly show that deformation is dominated by microcracking at low temperature and by intracrystalline plasticity at high temperature.
Rydberg atom-based field sensing enhancement using a split-ring resonator
Authors: Holloway Christopher L. , Prajapati Nikunjkumar , Artusio-Glimpse Alexandra B. , Berweger Samuel , Simons Matthew T. , Kasahara Yoshiaki , Alù Andrea , Ziolkowski Richard W.
Published: May 2022

We investigate the use of a split-ring resonator (SRR) incorporated with an atomic-vapor cell to improve the sensitivity and the minimal detectable electric (E) field of Rydberg atom-based sensors. In this approach, a sub-wavelength SRR is placed around an atomic vapor-cell filled with cesium atoms for E-field measurements at 1.3 GHz. The SRR provides a factor of 100 in the enhancement of the E-field measurement sensitivity. Using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Aulter–Townes splitting, E-field measurements down to 5 mV/m are demonstrated with the SRR, while in the absence of the SRR, the minimal detectable field is 500 mV/m. We demonstrate that by combining EIT with a heterodyne Rydberg atom-based mixer approach, the SRR allows for a sensitivity of 5.5 μV/mHz, which is two-orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity than when the SRR is not used.
Crystallization properties and structural evolution of amorphous Ti-doped Sn20Sb80 thin layers induced by heating and irradiating
Authors: Wu Weihua , Zheng Long , Xue Jianzhong , Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhai Jiwei
Published: May 2022

Sb-rich Sn20Sb80 thin layers with different titanium components were comprehensively investigated in terms of the crystallization properties and structural characterization. The phase transition behaviors induced by heating and irradiating were obtained from in situ resistance and reflectivity measurement. After doping the titanium element, the phase transformation temperature and resistance enhance remarkably, meaning the better thermal stability and lower energy consumption of the Sn20Sb80 material. The structural analyses were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively, proving that the foreign titanium atoms can block the crystallization process and reduce the grain size. All the results illustrate that doping suitable titanium will be a desirable technique to regulate the crystallization properties of the Sn20Sb80 material.
Co-management during crisis: insights from jurisdictionally complex wildfires
Authors: Nowell Branda , Steelman Toddi , Velez Anne-lise , Albrecht Kate
Published: May 2022

There is a general agreement within the wildfire community that exclusively top–down approaches to policy making and management are limited and that we need to build governance capacity to cooperatively manage across jurisdictional boundaries. Accordingly, the concept of co-management has grown in popularity as a theoretical lens through which to understand cooperative multi-jurisdictional response to wildland fires. However, definitional ambiguity has led to on-going debates about what co-management is. Further, there is limited understanding about the nature of co-management during crisis events. This had led to scholars posing the question: what is co-management in the context of jurisdictionally complex wildfire? In this paper, we seek to address this question based on interviews with leaders engaged in the management of jurisdictionally complex wildfire incidents. We propose a multi-level framework for conceiving co-management as strategic efforts of individual actors to cooperatively manage perceived interdependencies with others through one or more formal or informal institutional arrangements. We then demonstrate the value of the proposed framework in its ability to organise a series of questions for diagnosing co-management situations within the context of jurisdictionally complex wildfires.
A molecularly enhanced proof of concept for targeting cocrystals at molecular scale in continuous pharmaceuticals cocrystallization
Authors: Asgarpour Khansary Milad , Shirazian Saeed , Walker Gavin
Published: May 2022

Significance

This contribution offers a proof of concept to make it possible to target a specific (co)crystal at molecular scale within a continuous process. The paper, while addressing a very important issue in public health, i.e., high-efficiency medicine production, also emphasizes the significance of computational material science and data science in generating proper understanding of a process and its optimal operating conditions.
The long noncoding RNA Malat1 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation by mediating epigenetic repression
Authors: Kanbar Jad N. , Ma Shengyun , Kim Eleanor S. , Kurd Nadia S. , Tsai Matthew S. , Tysl Tiffani , Widjaja Christella E. , Limary Abigail E. , Yee Brian , He Zhaoren , Hao Yajing , Fu Xiang-Dong , Yeo Gene W. , Huang Wendy J. , Chang John T.
Published: May 2022

During an immune response to microbial infection, CD8+ T cells give rise to short-lived effector cells and memory cells that provide sustained protection. Although the transcriptional programs regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation have been extensively characterized, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remains poorly understood. Using a functional genetic knockdown screen, we identified the lncRNA Malat1 as a regulator of terminal effector cells and the terminal effector memory (t-TEM) circulating memory subset. Evaluation of chromatin-enriched lncRNAs revealed that Malat1 grouped with trans lncRNAs that exhibit increased RNA interactions at gene promoters and gene bodies. Moreover, we observed that Malat1 was associated with increased H3K27me3 deposition at a number of memory cell-associated genes through a direct interaction with Ezh2, thereby promoting terminal effector and t-TEM cell differentiation. Our findings suggest an important functional role of Malat1 in regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation and broaden the knowledge base of lncRNAs in CD8+ T cell biology.
Arbitrary polarization angle and wavefront manipulation of linearly polarized waves using PB phase
Authors: Li GuoQiang , Shi HongYu , Li BoLin , Yi JianJia , Zhang AnXue , Liu HaiWen
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a novel method for the manipulation of linearly polarized (LP) electromagnetic waves using Pancharatnam–Berry phase is proposed. By combining polarization synthesis and aperture phase distributions, the polarization angle and wavefront of an LP wave can be arbitrarily manipulated. Four metasurfaces were designed and fabricated to generate pencil, vortex, and Bessel beams with different polarization angels, respectively. Simulation and measurement results consist well and demonstrate the proposed method in both polarization and wavefront manipulation.
Development of a digital zebrafish phantom and its application to dedicated small-fish PET
Authors: Zvolský M , Schaar M , Seeger S , Rakers S , Rafecas M
Published: May 2022

Objective. We are developing a small-fish positron emission tomography (PET) scanner dedicated to small aquatic animals relevant for biomedical and biological research, e.g. zebrafish. We plan to use Monte Carlo simulations to optimize its configuration and the required water-filled imaging chambers. Our objectives were: (1) to create a digital 3D zebrafish phantom using conventional micro-CT, (2) include the phantom into a simulated PET environment based on the framework GATE, and (3) investigate the effects of the water environment on the reconstructed images. Approach. To create the phantom, we performed ex vivo measurements of zebrafish specimen using a tabletop micro-CT and compared three methods to fixate the specimen. From segmented micro-CT images we created digital emission and transmission phantoms which were incorporated in GATE via tessellated volumes. Two chamber sizes were considered. For reference, a simulation with the zebrafish in air was implemented. The simulated data were reconstructed using CASToR. For attenuation correction, we used the exact attenuation information or a uniform distribution (only water). Several realizations of each scenario were performed; the reconstructed images were quantitatively evaluated. Main results. Fixation in formalin led to the best soft-tissue contrast at the cost of some specimen deformation. After attenuation correction, no significant differences were found between the reconstructed images. The PET images reflected well the higher uptake simulated in the brain and heart, despite their small size and surrounding background activity; the swim bladder (no activity) was clearly identified. The simplified attenuation map, consisting only of water, slightly worsened the images. Significance. A conventional micro-CT can provide sufficient image quality to generate numerical phantoms of small fish without contrast media. Such phantoms are useful to evaluate in-silico small aquatic animal imaging concepts and develop imaging protocols. Our results support the feasibility of zebrafish PET with an aqueous environment.
Using oxygen dose histograms to quantify voxelised ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) effects in multiple radiation modalities
Authors: Van den Heuvel Frank , Vella Anna , Fiorini Francesca , Brooke Mark , Hill Mark , Ryan Anderson , Maughan Tim , Giaccia Amato
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To introduce a methodology to predict tissue sparing effects in pulsed ultra-high dose rate radiation exposures which could be included in a dose-effect prediction system or treatment planning system and to illustrate it by using three published experiments. Methods and materials. The proposed system formalises the variability of oxygen levels as an oxygen dose histogram (ODH), which provides an instantaneous oxygen level at a delivered dose. The histogram concept alleviates the need for a mechanistic approach. At each given oxygen level the oxygen fixation concept is used to calculate the change in DNA-damage induction compared to the fully hypoxic case. Using the ODH concept it is possible to estimate the effect even in the case of multiple pulses, partial oxygen depletion, and spatial oxygen depletion. The system is illustrated by applying it to the seminal results by Town (Nat. 1967) on cell cultures and the pre-clinical experiment on cognitive effects by Montay-Gruel et al (2017 Radiother. Oncol.
124 365–9). Results. The proposed system predicts that a possible FLASH-effect depends on the initial oxygenation level in tissue, the total dose delivered, pulse length and pulse repetition rate. The magnitude of the FLASH-effect is the result of a redundant system, in that it will have the same specific value for a different combination of these dependencies. The cell culture data are well represented, while a correlation between the pre-clinical experiments and the calculated values is highly significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions. A system based only on oxygen related effects is able to quantify most of the effects currently observed in FLASH-radiation.
Fast and memory-efficient reconstruction of sparse Poisson data in listmode with non-smooth priors with application to time-of-flight PET
Authors: Schramm Georg , Holler Martin
Published: May 2022

Objective. Complete time of flight (TOF) sinograms of state-of-the-art TOF PET scanners have a large memory footprint. Currently, they contain ∼4 · 109 data bins which amount to ∼17 GB in 32 bit floating point precision. Moreover, their size will continue to increase with advances in the achievable detector TOF resolution and increases in the axial field of view. Using iterative algorithms to reconstruct such enormous TOF sinograms becomes increasingly challenging due to the memory requirements and the computation time needed to evaluate the forward model for every data bin. This is especially true for more advanced optimization algorithms such as the stochastic primal-dual hybrid gradient (SPDHG) algorithm which allows for the use of non-smooth priors for regularization using subsets with guaranteed convergence. SPDHG requires the storage of additional sinograms in memory, which severely limits its application to data sets from state-of-the-art TOF PET systems using conventional computing hardware. Approach. Motivated by the generally sparse nature of the TOF sinograms, we propose and analyze a new listmode (LM) extension of the SPDHG algorithm for image reconstruction of sparse data following a Poisson distribution. The new algorithm is evaluated based on realistic 2D and 3D simulationsn, and a real data set acquired on a state-of-the-art TOF PET/CT system. The performance of the newly proposed LM SPDHG algorithm is compared against the conventional sinogram SPDHG and the listmode EM-TV algorithm. Main results. We show that the speed of convergence of the proposed LM-SPDHG is equivalent the original SPDHG operating on binned data (TOF sinograms). However, we find that for a TOF PET system with 400 ps TOF resolution and 25 cm axial FOV, the proposed LM-SPDHG reduces the required memory from approximately 56 to 0.7 GB for a short dynamic frame with 107 prompt coincidences and to 12.4 GB for a long static acquisition with 5·108 prompt coincidences. Significance. In contrast to SPDHG, the reduced memory requirements of LM-SPDHG enables a pure GPU implementation on state-of-the-art GPUs—avoiding memory transfers between host and GPU—which will substantially accelerate reconstruction times. This in turn will allow the application of LM-SPDHG in routine clinical practice where short reconstruction times are crucial.
Application of a dual-thermopile radical probe to expanding hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Wang S C , van der Horst R M , van Kampen M , Morgan T W
Published: May 2022

We compare the performance of a hydrogen radical probe to historic data determined via two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence using a comparable cascaded arc source under similar operating conditions. This probe has dual heat flux sensors (DHFS) each coated with materials with different catalytic properties for hydrogen atoms. In the ideal situation, the hydrogen radical flux can be deduced based on the difference between the heat loads measured by these two sensors. The influence of DHFS temperature on the performance was also assessed. The experimental results showed measurement errors of <10% could be obtained regardless of the probe temperature during plasma exposures. To convert heat fluxes into atomic fluxes, we calibrated the difference of the recombination coefficients using a vacuum ultraviolet absorption technique, which is more reliable than modeled values based on assumptions or scattered values reported in literature. As a result, we measured the hydrogen plasma and radical parameters at various settings using both a double Langmuir probe and the DHFS. The typical atom flux in the 1022 m−2s−1 range was in good agreement with those obtained using optical techniques. We also observed that the ion and atom fluxes are both sensitive to the background gas pressure. These findings validate application of the DHFS to the cascaded arc source, and could pave the way for optimization of the source performance in the plasma material processing experiments.
Improvements of electrical and thermal characteristics for AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate
Authors: Hieu Le Trung , Chiang Chung-Han , Anandan Deepak , Dee Chang-Fu , Hamzah Azrul Azlan , Lee Ching-Ting , Lin Chung-Hsiung , Chang Edward Yi
Published: May 2022

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) heterostructures are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and high-resistivity silicon (HR-Si) simultaneously to investigate the influence of substrate types on electrical and thermal characteristics. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT epitaxial structure grown on SOI achieved high electron mobility (1900 ± 19 cm2 (V s)−1) and high two-dimensional electron gas carrier concentration (9.1 ± 0.1 × 1012 cm−2). The GaN HEMT metal–insulator–semiconductor gate device fabricated on the structure grown on the SOI substrate exhibits higher saturation current and improved buffer breakdown voltage compared with devices fabricated on HR-Si substrate. In particular, SOI substrate helps to improve the thermal-sensitive strain of the GaN-based heterostructure and reduced defect density in the epitaxy, thereby improve the temperature-dependent on-resistance (R
ON) and the dynamic R
ON of the device.
Manufacturing and characterisation of 3D printed thermoplastic morphing skins
Authors: Heeb Rafael M , Dicker Michael , K S Woods Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Morphing aircraft are one promising solution to reducing the aviation industry’s environmental impact because they can make aircraft more aerodynamically efficient, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The design of morphing skins is inherently challenging due to the competing design constraints of needing to be stiff out-of-plane to resist pressure loads while being compliant in-plane to minimise actuation energy. Previous work by these authors introduced the novel concept of Geometrically Anisotropic Thermoplastic Rubber (GATOR) morphing skins that take advantage of multi-material 3D printing and structural scaling laws to allow for better compromises between these competing design constraints. In this work, multi material Fused Filament Fabrication methods were used to 3D print the proposed GATOR sandwich panels from two different stiffnesses of thermoplastic polyurethane to demonstrate the manufacturing process and experimentally quantify the performance of some simple embodiments of the GATOR concept. The panels were mechanically tested to determine their flexural and extensional stiffnesses. Results show that the panels can be extended to a stretch ratio of λ = 1.6 with a linear response at low stretch ratios. The results from the flexural experiments show that the flexible face sheets are capable of withstanding some compression before buckling, which results in a linear behaviour at small forces. These results show the promise of the GATOR skin concept and motivate future development of designs that further exploit the underlying principles of the concept.
Seeds of phase transition to thermoacoustic instability
Authors: Raghunathan M , George N B , Unni V R , Sujith R I , Kurths J , Surovyatkina E
Published: May 2022

Tackling the problem of emissions is at the forefront of scientific research today. While industrial engines designed to operate in stable regimes produce emissions, attempts to operate them at ‘greener’ conditions often fail due to a dangerous phenomenon known as thermoacoustic instability. Hazardous high amplitude periodic oscillations during thermoacoustic instability lead to the failure of these engines in power plants, aircraft, and rockets. To prevent this catastrophe in the first place, identifying the onset of thermoacoustic instability is required. However, detecting the onset is a major obstacle preventing further progress due to spatiotemporal variability in the reacting field. Here, we show how to overcome this obstacle by discovering a critical condition in certain zones of the combustor, which indicates the onset of thermoacoustic instability. In particular, we reveal the critical value of the local heat release rate that allows us to distinguish stable operating regimes from hazardous operations. We refer to these zones as seeds of the phase transition because they show the earliest manifestation of the impending instability. The increase in correlations in the heat release rate between these zones indicates the transition from a chaotic state to a periodic state. Remarkably, we found that observations at the seeds of the phase transition enable us to predict when the onset occurs, well before the emergence of dangerous large-amplitude periodic acoustic pressure oscillations. Our results contribute to the operation of combustors in more environment-friendly conditions. The presented approach is applicable to other systems exhibiting such phase transitions.
Regional compound humidity-heat extremes in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River: a dynamical systems perspective
Authors: Guo Yixuan , Huang Yu , Fu Zuntao
Published: May 2022

Heat extremes including heatwaves have an adverse impact not only on ecosystems but also on human health. The impact can be seriously exacerbated when both spatial extension and compound factors (such as humidity) are included. However, a unified frame combining compound humidity-heat extremes with their regional extension has received little scientific attention. This study solves this problem by taking the evolution of daily mean 2 m air temperature (Tmean) and relative humidity (RH) over a large domain as two dynamical systems (DSs), then the instantaneous coupling index from the DS method combined with clustering analysis can sort out the regional compound humidity-heat extremes with distinct spatial organized structures. Among them, the compound humidity-heat extremes with dipole Tmean and RH patterns may be missed by the methods based on regional averaging or undiscerned by DS method. Moreover, the mechanisms behind these regional compound humidity-heat extremes with dipole pattern are distinctive on both dynamics and thermodynamics, with a dipole structure found in the atmospheric low-level circulation. These novel findings can contribute considerably to the in-depth understanding on the compound humidity-heat extremes and their mechanisms.
Global liquefied natural gas expansion exceeds demand for coal-to-gas switching in paris compliant pathways
Authors: Yang Shuting , Hastings-Simon Sara , Ravikumar Arvind P
Published: May 2022

The shift from coal to natural gas in the power sector has led to significant reductions in carbon emissions. The shale revolution that led to this shift is now fueling a global expansion in liquefied natural gas (LNG) export infrastructure. In this work, we assess the viability of global LNG expansion to reduce global carbon emissions through coal-to-gas switching in the power sector under three temperature targets—Paris compliant 1.5 °C and 2 °C, and business-as-usual 3 °C. In the near to medium term (pre-2035), LNG-derived coal-to-gas substitution reduces global carbon emissions across all temperature targets as there is significantly more coal power generation than the LNG required to substitute it. However, we find that long-term planned LNG expansion is not compatible with the Paris climate targets of 1.5 °C and 2 °C—here, the potential for emissions reductions from LNG through coal-to-gas switching is limited by the availability of coal-based generation. In a 3 °C scenario, high levels of coal-based generation through mid-century make LNG an attractive option to reduce emissions. Thus, expanding LNG infrastructure can be considered as insurance against the potential lack of global climate action to limit temperatures to 1.5 °C or 2 °C. In all scenarios analyzed, low upstream methane leakage and high coal-to-gas substitution are critical to realize near-term climate benefits. Large-scale availability of carbon capture technology could significantly extend the climate viability of LNG. Investors and governments should consider stranded risk assets associated with potentially shorter lifetimes of LNG infrastructure in a Paris-compatible world.
Areas of planar loops, coarsening and the

TT¯

deformation
Authors: Cardy John
Published: May 2022

We recall the origins of the law of the distribution of areas contained within domain wall loops in critical 2D models, and its evolution under a thermal quench to the ordered phase. We conjecture that the latter is described by the so-called

T

T

¯

deformation of the critical model.
Analysis of Exit Taxiway in the Northern Terminal of Jenderal Ahmad Yani International Airport Semarang
Authors: Ithmaanna S , Murwono D , Sartono W , Muthohar I
Published: May 2022

The development of Jenderal Ahmad Yani International Airport is performed on the north side of the airport. From that, a new taxiway will be available to support the flight activities. This study aims to analyze the geometry of the exit taxiway on the north side of the airport following the requirement issued by ICAO and FAA. The analysis was based on the type of aircraft mainly operated at Jenderal Ahmad Yani International Airport. The geometry analysis was performed on ICAO Three Segment Method and Landing Length Requirement. The location of the existing exit taxiway has not obtained an excellent functional percentage. Seventy-seven point seven percent (77.7%) of the planes are required to turn around before entering the apron. Therefore, changing the location and type of exit taxiway is recommended to maximize the runway’s performance in supporting the aircraft’s operational activities.
Development of Land Used Intensity-Traffic Interaction Model for Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia
Authors: Ibad Muhammad Zainal , Ekaputra Reza Asriandi , Ramadhan Arif , Sulistyorini Rahayu , Saraswati Zenia F , Rizki Pratama Muhammad Alfat , Antiqasari Salwa Nabilla
Published: May 2022

Social history has shown that a city plays an important role in meeting human needs such as housing, service facilities, entertainment areas, and transportation networks. Therefore, the interaction between demand and infrastructure creates a traffic flow. Previous studies show that traffic flow is strongly correlated with land use types’ scale and operational characteristics. In addition, traffic volume can represent logistics distribution, which is one of the parameters to assess regional economic conditions. This condition prompted researchers to research to develop an interaction model between land-use intensity and traffic. The study was conducted in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia, the economic center of Lampung Province, Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is the multiple linear regression analysis for origin-destination matrix. This analysis was performed using 23 parameters that could influence the model, but we try to find the most significant influence variables in this study. The process of evaluating some statistical parameters is considered as decision parameters. Finally, the analysis results show a strong correlation between land use and traffic volume in the city of Bandar Lampung, Indonesia the best model y = 62,3 + 2,275 x16 + 1,348 x20 with x16 is store building area, and x20 is the number of schools.
Potential tourist destinations for priority transportation infrastructure development in East Kalimantan
Authors: Agustaniah Rosa , Wicaksono Achmad , Djakfar Ludfi
Published: May 2022

Transport and tourism infrastructure are interrelated and have the ability to strengthen regional development and have a major impact on the rate of economic growth. East Kalimantan province has many potential mainstay tourism objects that have not been managed and promoted properly. The weakness of tourism in East Kalimantan lies in the transportation infrastructure. Access to several favorite tourist sites related to travel costs is considered relatively high, and the low accessibility of the road network impacts tourist visits to tourist attractions. This research is the basis for determining potential tourist destinations for the priority development of transportation infrastructure in East Kalimantan Province. Determination of tourist destination areas using the location quotient index approach (LQ > 1), namely the business sector that has the largest potential contribution to regional budget revenues in the transportation and tourism sector and reviewing policy directions contained in the regional regulations of East Kalimantan province regarding spatial plans for designated areas tourism is spread over an area of ± 97,442 ha. The areas that have been designated as transportation infrastructure developments are Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Berau Regency, Balikpapan City, Samarinda City, and North Penajam Paser Regency as the state capital.
Factor Analysis of Commuters’ Willingness to Use Public Transport
Authors: Baqarizky Nabila , Jachrizal Sumabrata R
Published: May 2022

Jabodetabek is the largest Indonesian metropolitan city with estimated daily trips of 47.5 million. According to Priadmaja, Anisa, Prayogi (2017), only 16.7% of the population uses public transport, contributing to 53% of traffic congestion in Jabodetabek. Furthermore, the continued increase of urban migration in search of employment, education, and other services has heightened the traffic congestion within the city and its surrounding areas. To mitigate this challenge, the Transit-Oriented Development concept was initiated to maximize the use of public transport. However, not many people prefer to travel using public means and therefore, this research sought to analyze the factors that influence the commuters’ willingness to use the available modes. Six variables were considered, including security, safety, amenities, affordability, equity, and regularity with limitations to KRL, MRT, and BRT modes. Questionnaires were issued to the respondents who filled the required information and sent them back. The collected data was analyzed with the help of multiple linear regression equations. The results indicated that amenities, regularity, equality, safety, and affordability variables influenced the use of KRL mode. Furthermore, the MRT mode was affected by regularity, affordability, and equality variables while the variables that influenced the use of BRT mode included amenities, safety, orderliness, and equality.
Index of Walkability to and from Public Transport Stops or Terminals in Greater Jakarta to Enhance Walking Environment
Authors: Putranto L S , Khuana R B
Published: May 2022

Almost all travel between an origin to a destination requires walking as first-mile and last-mile transport mode. Walking can be conducted either in the sidewalks, zebra-crosses, and pedestrian bridges. This paper adopts the index of walkability developed by D’orso dan Migliore in 2020 to be used for 150 respondents in Greater Jakarta. This index consists of three constructs (factors), i.e., practicability, safety and, pleasantness. A confirmatory factor analysis was used using principal component analysis in SPSS 27 and rotated using varimax with Kaizer Normalization. Instead of three factors in the original index, in this Indonesian adaptation, only two factors were extracted. Based on the discussion on this paper, it was recommended to increase the number of respondents to get a more valid result.
Factors Affecting the Interest of Urban Public Transport Users in Jember
Authors: Kriswardhana Willy , Hayati Nunung Nuring , Kusdiyanto Achmad Reza
Published: May 2022

In this current condition, people’s interest in using public transportation in Jember decreasing with a low load factor value below 50%. It is caused by several factors such as service coverage, lyn information, safety, fare, urban planning, and the quality of services provided by service providers to the satisfaction of public transport users. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the weight of the factors that influence the interest of public transport users in Jember. The effort to be made is to formulate a policy strategy to support people who originally use private transportation switching to public transportation. The results showed that there were 5 selected factors: service coverage, lyn information, safety, fare, and urban planning. The weights of the factors that influence the interest of public transport users in Jember are 40% of the safety factor, 17% of the service coverage factor, 16% of the urban planning factor, 14% of the lyn information factor, and 13% the fare factor. Directions for future studies are presented.
Analysis of The Effects of Development of The Transit Area on Pedestrians at Poris Plawad
Authors: Mauramdha Gari , Jachrizal Sumabrata R
Published: May 2022

The development of the transit area in Poris Plawad is one of the government’s attempts in solving this issue. This implementation consists of construction plans that aim to increase the population of the area. This research aims to analyze the movement of pedestrians to and from the station and provide a recommendation of possible improvement in several aspects of the area’s services. In this research, the pedestrian facilities’ level of service (LOS) will be the standard reference to define how appropriate the facilities are. The Poris Plawad pedestrian area is categorized as LOS E and LOS F, thus needing improvements. The safety and serviceability of the pedestrian area also need to be evaluated as there are no sidewalks to be found. This research uses Vissim 11 as the leading software for the modelling of the system. The modelling made in this software will be used to compare actual field conditions with the behaviour of the model. The RSME value of the model is below 10%, which means that the model correctly represents its actual conditions. The author then implements several solutions to the existing condition and future conditions of the development area. The solutions for the existing conditions are building sidewalks and pelican crossings for the main road to decrease safety hazards. This increases the safety factors of the existing condition. The future condition will have an increased amount of pedestrians and a modified TOD layout plan. The solution for this is to make a design solely for pedestrians with full attention to their safety and comfort.
Traffic management at intersection to minimize dispersion of air pollution
Authors: Ambarwati L , Indriastuti A K
Published: May 2022

One of the consequences of higher mobility is the increase in air pollution. The increase in traffic volume at intersections impacts delays and congestion, thus producing higher air pollution concentrations. This research aimed to identify intersection performance and analyze air quality at existing conditions, then propose traffic management scenarios that increase intersection performance and reduce air pollution at a time. This study was taken on Soekarno-Hatta – M.T. Haryono – D.I. Panjaitan intersection, in Malang.

The intersection performance was at the worst level of service (LOS F) for each approach from traffic analysis using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual. At this condition, the prediction of air pollutant parameters was out of standard level. The CO concentrate was lower than the standard level, while NO was higher than the standard level. Traffic management was proposed by controlling the movements at the intersection approaches and the number of phases at the intersection. The third alternative can improve intersection performance from F to C and decrease air pollution. The concentration reductions are about ±37.4% for NOx and ±61.3% for CO from the road median to the end of the road.
Impact of Overloading Vehicle towards the Level of Service on Freeway Segment (Case Study: JORR KM 27 to KM 23)
Authors: Sugari Herlin , Kusuma Andyka , Purnomo Robby Yudo
Published: May 2022

The congestion problem that occurs on the road is one of the indicators to determine the level of service. Approximately 20% of all traffic congestion is due to the existence of shockwave jams or phantom jams. One of the factors causing the shock wave phenomenon is the speed differences between heavy vehicles and light vehicles (Garber & Hoel, 2009). On the other hand, the Over Dimension and Over Loading (ODOL) Vehicle worsened the situation by reducing operational speed due to the exceeding load. Indonesia Traffic Police stated that throughout 2019 there were 136.470 vehicles out of 1.376.956 offences that were ODOL vehicles. This research aims to identify the effect of overloading vehicles and the volume of heavy vehicles on creating shock wave phenomenon that led to the lower level of service. Microsimulation modelling is carried out to obtain the resulting level of service from heavy vehicles volume using the primary data from the data collection. The result shows that the large volume of heavy vehicles exacerbated by the presence of ODOL vehicles can cause a temporary change in road speed and lead to a decreased level of service.
Behavior Model Analysis of Pedestrians and Cyclists Mode Selection Base on Active Transportation on Universitas Jember Tegalboto Campus
Authors: Sulistyono S , Kriswardhana W , Arianto J B
Published: May 2022

The University of Jember as one of the campuses that have a high traffic volume is trying to realize a “Green Campus” through the “Ring the Bell” program. However, this vision has not been implemented optimally because there are still many campus residents who do not use active modes of transportation (walking & cycling) even though sidewalk facilities are available. This indicates that the behavioral preferences for choosing active transportation modes for the residents of the Jember University campus are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the behavioral model of pedestrian and cyclists mode selection based on active transportation at the Tegalboto Campus, Jember University. The primary data collection of residents’ preferences was obtained through the TPB (Theory Of Planned Behavior) questionnaire. SEM model (Structural Equation Model) was applied in the behavioral analysis process to determine the interaction between the independent variables of TPB as a whole. The results of behavioral modeling show that intention is the variable that most influences the behavior of campus residents in using active transportation modes, while attitude is the variable that most influences intentions than subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control.
Proposing bus transit fares: buy the service project by ministry of transportation, Indonesia (case study from Palembang, South Sumatera)
Authors: Sulistyorini Rahayu , Siahaan Wiwin Sriniaty , Antiqasari Salwa Nabilla , Saraswati Zenia F , Pratama Muhammad Alfat Rizki , Ibad Muhammad Zainal , Ekaputra Reza Asriandi
Published: May 2022

Numbers of private vehicle movement in city caused negative externalites. Indonesia’s Ministry of Transportation tend to facilitate Palembang city mobility with public transportation called Bus Transit Buy The Service Project. This research aims to identify the equilibrium in passenger willingness to pay and ability to pay as proposing the suitable tariff. Shown in this research, is about 2.400 - 3.500 rupiahs is the range of effective bus transit fares.
Study of Refinancing Scheme On Toll Road Infrastructure (Case Study: Gempol-Pandaan Toll Road)
Authors: Sunarya Nesa Nurhadi , Karsaman Rudy Hermawan , Santoso Idwan
Published: May 2022

PT. Jasamarga Pandaan Tol (JPT) is a toll road operator that officially operates the Gempol-Pandaan section located in East Java. JPT made adjustments to the concession scheme through a business plan addendum in March 2015, wherein in this model the financing process involves the use of shareholder loan funds. The profit generated by this business plan model is considered to have a high level of sensitivity during the loan tenor and has the potential for default to creditors. To avoid this, it is necessary to compare other alternative financing methods such as Refinancing and Infrastructure Investment Fund (IIF). The method used is financial feasibility analysis by taking into account the value of NPV, B / C, PP, IRR, WACC, and ROI as parameters. Based on the results of the financial feasibility analysis, the refinancing model provides better PP and ROI parameter values than the business plan model.
Development Strategy of Malang Kota Baru Station Area Using Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Principle Approach
Authors: Harmadi C K , Sulistyono S , Listyawati R N , Hayati N N , Alfiah R
Published: May 2022

Malang Kota Baru Station is located in the center of Malang City with a variety of land uses occurring around the area. The concept of an area supports aspects of building density, diversity of land use, and the proximity of the area to transit points, one of which is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). The purpose of this research is to obtain a development strategy that can be carried out in the area. The TOD principle approach is used in the Area of suitability analysis. The AHP method and SWOT analysis are used to obtain a regional development strategy. The results of the suitability analysis show that almost all of the existing condition variables are not under the TOD principle parameters. Furthermore, all parameters are used in the AHP analysis, and the order of priority for regional development is obtained, namely: diversity, design, and density. Determination of the grand strategy for regional development based on IFAS and EFAS obtained recommendations for aggressive maintenance strategy. This strategy needs to be carried out in regional development by maximizing various opportunities, to resolve or minimize internal weaknesses that occur.