bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combination of supervised dimensionality reduction and learning methods to forecast solar radiation
Authors: García-Cuesta Esteban , Aler Ricardo , Pózo-Vázquez David del , Galván Inés M.
Published: October 2022

Machine learning is routinely used to forecast solar radiation from inputs, which are forecasts of meteorological variables provided by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, on a spatially distributed grid. However, the number of features resulting from these grids is usually large, especially if several vertical levels are included. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is one of the simplest and most widely-used methods to extract features and reduce dimensionality in renewable energy forecasting, although this method has some limitations. First, it performs a global linear analysis, and second it is an unsupervised method. Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) overcomes the locality problem, and recently the Linear Optimal Low-Rank (LOL) method has extended Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to be applicable when the number of features is larger than the number of samples. Supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) also achieves this goal extending the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework to integrate the logistic regression loss function. In this article we try to overcome all these issues together by proposing a Supervised Local Maximum Variance Preserving (SLMVP) method, a supervised non-linear method for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA, LPP, LOL, SNMF and SLMVP have been compared on Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) radiation data at two different Iberian locations: Seville and Lisbon. Results show that for both kinds of radiation (GHI and DNI) and the two locations, SLMVP produces smaller MAE errors than PCA, LPP, LOL, and SNMF, around 4.92% better for Seville and 3.12% for Lisbon. It has also been shown that, although SLMVP, PCA, and LPP benefit from using a non-linear regression method (Gradient Boosting in this work), this benefit is larger for PCA and LPP because SMLVP is able to perform non-linear transformations of inputs.
Large-scale seismic damage scenario assessment of precast buildings after the May 2012 Emilia earthquake
Authors: Praticò Lucia , Bovo Marco , Buratti Nicola , Savoia Marco
Published: October 2022

In May 2012, two strong earthquakes hit the northern Italy revealing the significant seismic vulnerability of precast reinforced concrete structures and causing severe damage and many collapses, and high economic losses. After the lesson learnt from these events, more reliable seismic design criteria have been established for the design of new structures and different approaches have been proposed for the seismic assessment of the existing structures. In this context, the paper presents the results of a first application of the PRESSAFE-disp method, recently proposed by the authors, allowing to define the fragility curves of precast RC buildings at various limit states, including collapse. A stock of 91 precast buildings in the industrial area of San Felice sul Panaro (Modena) was selected as a benchmark case study to verify the reliability of the method in assessing seismic damage scenarios. In particular, with reference to the 2012 seismic ground-motion, two large-scale stochastic models are outlined to predict the number of the buildings collapsed in the area. The first one is based on a Monte Carlo simulation which incorporates the evaluation of the uncertainties, while the second one is a direct simplified calculation. Comparative considerations on the outcomes of the two methods for different seismic intensities are discussed, including the directionality effect of the ground-motion. To test the soundness of the simulations, the results of the two methods are compared with the real data collected through in-situ surveys. The procedures proposed here result, on average, in good agreement with the observed damage scenario. It is worth noting that, due to the inherent simplicity of the methods, they could be implemented to perform scenario-based seismic loss assessments to estimate the financial consequences of an earthquake affecting one or more industrial areas, and to drive the decision-making process for the seismic retrofit of existing precast RC buildings.
Evidence and Cognition
Authors: Taylor Samuel D. , Williamson Jon
Published: October 2022

Cognitive theorists routinely disagree about the evidence supporting claims in cognitive science. Here, we first argue that some disagreements about evidence in cognitive science are about the evidence available to be drawn upon by cognitive theorists. Then, we show that one’s explanation of why this first kind of disagreement obtains will cohere with one’s theory of evidence. We argue that the best explanation for why cognitive theorists disagree in this way is because their evidence is what they rationally grant. Finally, we explain why our view does not lead to a pernicious kind of relativism in cognitive science.
Spontaneous Collapse Theories and Temporal Primitivism about Time’s Direction
Authors: López Cristian
Published: October 2022

Two views on the direction of time﻿ can be distinguished—primitivism and non-primitivism. According to the former, time’s direction is an in-built, fundamental property of the physical world. According to the latter, time’s direction is a derivative property of a fundamentally directionless reality. In the literature, non-primitivism has been widely supported since most (if not all) our fundamental dynamical laws are time-reversal invariant. In this paper, I offer a way out to the primitivist. I argue that we do have good grounds to support a primitive direction of time in the quantum realm. The rationale depends on exploiting the metaphysical and dynamical underdetermination of quantum theories to make a case in favor of primitivism. In particular, primitivism can be grounded in spontaneous collapse theories (e.g., GRW and CSL). The specific sense in which these theories capture a primitive direction of time is that, when the ontology of the theory is seriously taken into account, it does not remain invariant under time reversal. In taking GRW with a matter-density field (GRWm), I will argue that primitivism about the direction of time can be defended in the quantum case.
Short-scale laterally varying SK(K)S shear wave splitting at BFO, Germany — implications for the determination of anisotropic structures
Authors: Ritter Joachim R. R. , Fröhlich Yvonne , Sanz Alonso Yasmin , Grund Michael
Published: October 2022

The splitting of SK(K)S phases is an important observational constraint to study past and present geodynamic processes in the Earth based on seismic anisotropy. The uniqueness of the derived models is unclear in most cases, because the azimuthal data coverage is often limited due to recordings from only a few backazimuthal directions. Here, we analyze an exceptional dataset from the permanent broadband seismological recording station Black Forest Observatory (BFO) in SW Germany with a very good backazimuthal coverage. This dataset well represents the potential teleseismic ray paths, which can be observed at Central European stations. Our results indicate that averaging splitting parameters over a wide or the whole backazimuthal range can blur both vertical and lateral variations of anisotropy. Within the narrow backazimuthal interval of 30–100°, we observe a complete flip of the fast polarization direction. Such a splitting pattern can be caused by two layers with about NW–SE (lower layer) and NE-SW (upper layer) fast polarization directions for shear wave propagation. However, the possible model parameters have quite a large scatter and represent only the structure to the northeast of BFO. In contrast, within the wide backazimuthal range 155–335°, we prevailingly determine null splits, hence, no signs for anisotropy. This null anomaly cannot be explained satisfactorily yet and is partly different to published regional anisotropy models. Our findings demonstrate that there is significant small-scale lateral variation of upper mantle anisotropy below SW Germany. Furthermore, even low-noise long-term recording over 25 years cannot properly resolve these anisotropic structural variations.
Effect of Mn on the chemical driving force and bainite transformation kinetics in medium-manganese alloys
Authors: Morawiec M. , Opara J. , Garcia-Mateo C. , Jimenez J. A. , Grajcar A.
Published: October 2022

This work presents insights into the manganese influence on the driving force and bainite transformation kinetics. Three different medium-Mn steels were subjected to theoretical calculations and dilatometric study in order to determine the Mn impact on bainite formation. The theoretical approach shows that the increase of manganese leads to a lower bainite fraction formed during the isothermal stage. This implicates the carbon enrichment of the austenite during thermal treatment. The less bainite is formed, the higher is the fraction of residual austenite which enrichment of carbon is globally low. Meanwhile, the manganese influences the incubation and transformation time. As the manganese content increases, the incubation period and formation time of bainite are longer because the chemical driving force essential to start and complete austenite into bainite transformation decreases. This was proved by theoretical calculations and dilatometric analysis, which show that even a small increase in manganese content leads to a longer time necessary to occur the bainitic transformation. For the steel containing 5% manganese, the driving force was too small that the transformation could occur even after 3 h. Additionally, the XRD analysis was conducted to determine the retained austenite fraction and its carbon enrichment. These results were compared with the theoretical values to determine the accuracy of the applied model.
The Italian Association for Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) position statements for postoperative breast cancer radiation therapy volume, dose, and fractionation
Authors: Meattini Icro , Palumbo Isabella , Becherini Carlotta , Borghesi Simona , Cucciarelli Francesca , Dicuonzo Samantha , Fiorentino Alba , Spoto Ruggero , Poortmans Philip , Aristei Cynthia , Livi Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

Recent advances in non-metastatic breast cancer radiation therapy significantly reshaped our views on modern dose and fractionation schedules. Especially the advent of hypofractionation and partial breast irradiation defined a new concept of treatment optimization, that should strongly include both patient and tumour characteristics in the physician’s decision-making process. Unfortunately, hypofractionation for breast cancer radiation therapy needed long time to enter the routine practice during the last decades despite the level-1 evidence published over time. Hereby we present the Italian Association for Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) Breast Cancer Group position statements for postoperative breast cancer radiation therapy volume, dose, and fractionation to harmonically boost routine clinical practice implementation following evidence-based data.
Akzeptanz und Nutzungsbedingungen digitaler Interventionen zur Distressprävention bei Studierenden
Authors: Krümmel Anne , Laiker Isabella , Wrona Kamil J. , Aschentrup Leona , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Das ausbildungsbezogene Stressempfinden auf Ebene von Distress von Studierenden stellt ein hohes Risiko für die Entstehung von psychischen Erkrankungen dar. Die konsequente Nutzung digitaler Anti-Stress-Apps kann dazu beitragen, Versorgungsdefizite in der Vermeidung von stressinduzierten Erkrankungen wirksam auszugleichen, wenn existierende Hilfsangebote nicht genutzt werden, oder helfen, Barrieren zur Nutzung bestehender Interventionsmaßnahmen mindern. In diesem Kontext untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag die Einstellungsakzeptanz und die verbundenen Nutzungsbedingungen Studierender der Universität Bielefeld gegenüber digitalen Anti-Stress-Apps. Basierend auf der Akzeptanz und den Nutzungsbedingungen sollen Anforderungen für die bessere Implementierung digitaler Interventionen geleitet werden.

Methodik

Die Erhebung wurde mittels qualitativer leitfadengestützter Interviews und quantitativer Umfragen an denselben 15 Studierenden (n = 14 Frauen und einem Mann im Alter von 22 bis 31 Jahren) der Universität Bielefeld durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung der Interviews wurde die strukturierte Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring herangezogen, bei der mit Hilfe von deduktiven und induktiven Kategorien die Transkripte analysiert wurden. Zur Strukturierung und Analyse der Ergebnisse wurde die „unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2“ (UTAUT 2) eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse

Anhand der UTAUT 2 konnten bedürfnisorientierte Bedingungen zur Nutzung und Einstellung hinsichtlich der Akzeptanz identifiziert werden. Die Einstellungsakzeptanz von Studierenden zu Anti-Stress-Apps ist weitestgehend positiv, geht jedoch nicht einher mit dem Nutzungsverhalten. Die Ergebnisse weisen eine starke Abhängigkeit von individuellen Bedürfnissen auf, was zudem von verschiedenen Alltagssituationen ausgeht, in denen Stress individuell empfunden wird.

Schlussfolgerungen

Bedingungen an die vorhandenen Elemente und Interventionen in einer App zur Stressreduktion müssen in der Softwareentwicklung berücksichtigt werden, damit die Anwendung subjektiv als wirksam wahrgenommen wird. Der Ausbau und die Einführung bedürfnisorientierter Angebote in die Lebenswelt der Nutzer*innen und Nutzergruppen sowie begleitende Maßnahmen zur zielgruppenspezifischen Sensibilisierung, können die Akzeptanz weiter steigern, das Nutzungsverhalten positiv beeinflussen und gegen Stressbelastungen wirken.
Towards coherence on sustainability in education: a systematic review of Whole Institution Approaches
Authors: Holst Jorrit
Published: October 2022

Orienting societies towards sustainability requires comprehensive learning of how to think, act and live within a safe and just space for humanity. Approaching sustainability as a core paradigm of quality education in the twenty-first century, Education for Sustainable Development necessitates an integrated view on learning. For educational organizations, Whole Institution Approaches (WIAs) to sustainability emphasize that all learning is embedded within its socio-physical contexts. Although the core objective—to “walk the talk” on sustainability—is theoretically well established, questions remain regarding its specific conceptualizations. Based on a systematic qualitative analysis of 104 international documents from scientific and grey literature, this article offers a conceptual synthesis of the core elements of WIAs to sustainability in education. Based on the literature analysis, WIAs are described as continuous and participative organizational learning processes aimed at institutional coherence on sustainability, consistently linking the formal and informal (hidden) curricula. While specific pathways are necessary for diverse organizations, the article synthesizes a joint framework. Key characteristics of WIAs are clustered within five core principles (coherence, continuous learning, participation, responsibility, long-term commitment), seven highly integrated areas of action (governance, curriculum, campus, community, research, communication, capacity building), the underlying organizational culture, and critical conditions for successful implementation. As becomes clear from the synthesis, following a WIA means to collaboratively switch the default mode of all rules-in-use to sustainability. The concept of WIAs may thus both be approached as an instrument for consistent organizational development in light of (un-)sustainability and as a keystone of integrated high-quality sustainability learning.
Bankart-Plus zur Behandlung von Patienten mit anteriorer Schulterinstabilität und kleinen bis moderaten Glenoiddefekten
Authors: Minkus Marvin , Akgün Doruk , Thiele Kathi , Karpinski Katrin , Moroder Philipp
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Eine große Anzahl an Patienten mit Schulterinstabilität weisen kleine bis moderate Glenoiddefekte auf, die unterhalb der Grenze zur knöchernen Augmentation liegen, jedoch groß genug sind, die klinischen Ergebnisse der konventionellen Weichteilstabilisierung zu kompromittieren.

Material und Methoden

In einer prospektiven Studie werden 30 Patienten, die eine anteriore Schulterinstabilität mit kleinen Glenoiddefekten (maximal 15 % der Gelenkfläche) aufweisen, eingeschlossen und in der sog. Bankart-Plus-Technik operiert, welche eine Refixation des Kapsel-Labrum-Komplexes mithilfe von knotenlosen Ankern sowie die Augmentation mit einem Interponat aus demineralisierter spongiöser Knochenmatrix (DCBM) zwischen Labrum und Glenoid umfasst. Die Patienten werden prä- und postoperativ (6, 12 und 24 Monate) mit Erhebung des Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe Score (RS) und Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) klinisch untersucht. Die präoperative Bildgebung umfasst eine CT mit dreidimensionaler (3D-)Rekonstruktion zur Bestimmung des Glenoiddefekts (PICO-Methode). Nach 12 Monaten erfolgt eine MRT-Untersuchung der operierten Schulter zur Beurteilung der Einheilung des Labrums und Grafts.

Ergebnisse

Eingeschlossen wurden 30 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 28 [Range 18–40] Jahre,n = 4 weiblich,n = 26 männlich) und in der vorbeschriebenen Technik zwischen 09/2018 und 10/2020 operiert. In 13 Fällen (43 %) wurde zusätzlich eine Remplissage durchgeführt. Präoperativ wurden die folgenden klinischen Scores erhoben (Mean): WOSI 45 ± 17 %, RS 56 ± 10 Punkte und SSV 57 ± 19 %. Die präoperativen CT-Untersuchungen ergaben einen Glenoiddefekt von durchschnittlich 7 ± 3 %. Bisher liegen bei 25 Patienten die klinischen und radiologischen Ergebnisse nach 12 Monaten vor und es zeigt sich eine signifikante Verbesserung verglichen mit den präoperativen Daten (p < 0,05): WOSI 81 ± 15 %, RS 91 ± 8 Punkte und SSV 87 ± 10 %. Bisher zeigten sich keine Rezidivluxationen und keine Komplikationen. Die MRT-Untersuchungen zeigten eine gute Integration des Labrums und Grafts am vorderen Glenoidrand mit Wiederherstellung der Konkavität.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Bankart-Plus-Operation zeigt vielversprechende klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse im kurzfristigen Follow-up und ist eine praktikable Behandlungsoption für Patienten mit Schulterinstabilität, die einen kleinen bis moderaten Glenoiddefekt aufweisen.
Winning your customers’ minds and hearts: Disentangling the effects of lock-in and affective customer experience on retention
Authors: Gao Lily , de Haan Evert , Melero-Polo Iguácel , Sese F. Javier
Published: October 2022

Building barriers to lock in customers and improving the affective customer experience are two key strategies employed by firms to enhance customer retention. Although pursuing the same goal, these strategies work differently: the former relies more on a calculative, cost–benefit approach to the exchange, while the latter promotes affective aspects of the relationship. Integrating experiential learning theory with social exchange theory, we provide a conceptual framework to understand the impact of lock-in and affective customer experience on customer retention, and the moderating role of relationship depth. Using a comprehensive data set for a sample of 13,761 customers covering all firms in one telecom market for two different services, we empirically test the framework via multinomial logit modeling. The results offer novel insights into the interplay between the two strategies. For poor affective customer experience (i.e., a score below five on a 0–10 scale), lock-in helps firms reduce customer churn (between 49.03% and 47.86%). However, the impact of lock-in decreases when affective customer experience improves and turns to be insignificant once the experience reaches the “acceptable level” (i.e., a score above seven on a 0–10 scale). Importantly, the separate and joint effects of the two strategies are stronger when there is a low relationship depth, and weaker when heavy relationships are established. The findings offer useful practical advice to manage these strategies in an efficient and optimal way.
Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Impairment in Dystonia
Authors: Bailey Grace A. , Martin Eva , Peall Kathryn J.
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

To review recent literature evaluating psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in dystonia, the two non-motor symptom groups most frequently evaluated in dystonia research and recognised in clinical practice.

Recent Findings

Recent work has embedded clinical recognition of psychiatric symptoms in dystonia, with depressive and anxiety-related symptoms routinely observed to be the most common. Less explored symptoms, such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse, represent newer areas of investigation, with initial work suggesting higher rates than the background population. Investigation of cognitive function has provided less consistent results, both within individual dystonia subtypes and across the spectrum of dystonias, partly reflecting the heterogeneity in approaches to assessment. However, recent work indicates impairments of higher cognitive function, e.g. social cognition, and disrupted visual and auditory sensory processing.

Dystonia demonstrates psychiatric and cognitive symptom heterogeneity, with further work needed to recognise endophenotypes and improve diagnostic accuracy, symptom recognition, and management.
The androgen receptor-targeted proteolysis targeting chimera and other alternative therapeutic choices in overcoming the resistance to androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer
Authors: Li Liuxun , Xu Jiangli
Published: October 2022

Androgen receptor (AR) plays a vital role in prostate cancer (PCa), including castration-resistant PCa, by retaining AR signalling. Androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) has been the standard treatment in the past decades. A great number of AR antagonists initially had been found effective in tumour remission; however, most PCa relapsed that caused by pre-translational resistance such as AR mutations to turn antagonist into agonist, and AR variants to bypass the androgen binding. Recently, several alternative therapeutic choices have been proposed. Among them, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) acts different from traditional drugs that usually function as inhibitors or antagonists, and it degrades oncogenic protein and does not disrupt the transcription of an oncogene. This review first discussed some essential mechanisms of ADT resistance, and then introduced the application of AR-targeted PROTAC in PCa cells, as well as other AR-targeted therapeutic choices.
In the Name of the Neighbor: The Associations between Racial Attitudes, Intergroup Contacts, Ethnic Diversity, and the Perception of Names in the Dutch Speaking Part of Belgium
Authors: Martiniello Billie , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul
Published: October 2022

Correspondence testing is an increasingly used method to measure ethnic discrimination. Hereby researchers make use of names to signal ethnic origin. Nevertheless, it is rather rare that the used names are thoroughly pretested. Names are implicitly or explicitly assumed to contain clear signals of ethnic origin. Besides, individual differences in ethnic perceptions of names are ignored. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the ethnic perception of Polish, Moroccan, Turkish, and Congolese names differ according to one’s negative racial attitudes and intergroup contacts as well as the ethnic diversity of the municipality where one resides. We conducted a survey among 990 ethnic majority members in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. People with more negative blatant attitudes find it harder to perceive the ethnic origin of names as compared to people with less negative blatant attitudes. The opposite holds for people with negative subtle attitudes. More ethnic diversity in the municipality where one resides makes it easier to recognize Moroccan, Turkish, and Congolese names, but not Polish names. This implies that the level of ethnic discrimination is probably underestimated among people with blatant racial attitudes, as well as among respondents that live in less diverse areas.
Firstborn children’s sex specific emotions and behaviors during mothers’ second pregnancy after implementation of the universal two-child policy in China
Authors: Yang Bo , Sheng LuLu , Huang Xin , Li YueYue , Fang Bo , Wen Yi , Robbins Sarah , Liu Qin
Published: October 2022

The present cross-sectional study aimed to identify sex-specific characteristics and other factors for firstborn children’s emotions and behaviors during their mothers’ second pregnancy after the implementation of the two-child policy in China. Firstborn children aged 1.5–5 years old and their pregnant mothers were enrolled from two hospitals from March to September 2019 in our city. Mothers completed a self-designed questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist during their routine prenatal examinations. Linear regression was used to explore potential factors influencing firstborn children’s behaviors and emotions towards their mother’s second pregnancy. A total of 880 firstborn children were included. There was no significant difference in internalizing/externalizing problem scores and prevalence between male and female firstborn children during their mothers’ second pregnancy. Children’s easy temperament, good parental relationship, and father’s authoritative and indulgent parenting styles were potential positive factors for both male and female firstborn children. Harmonious family environment, children’s age, father's accompaniment, and being informed by parents of the arrival of a sibling were only related to firstborn girls experiencing fewer emotional and behavioral problems. Mother’s education and seeking for firstborn children’s opinion about the new sibling were only related to firstborn boys experiencing fewer emotional and behavioral problems. There was no sex differences in internalizing/externalizing problems in firstborn children during their mother’s second pregnancy. Children’s temperament, family environment and fathers’ parenting styles were consistent influencing factors for both firstborn girls’ and boys’ emotions and behaviors.
Challenges in integrating molecular profiles into clinical cancer care
Authors: Jahn Stephan W. , Jost Philipp J.
Published: October 2022

Profiling of malignancies with next-generation sequencing (NGS) is now routine in clinical practice. While many cases of approved targeted therapies are straightforward based on well-characterized alterations, applying large NGS multigene panels to therapeutic use is frequently challenging. In this article, variant interpretation, therapy matching, and final treatment selection challenges are discussed.
Radiofrequency Identification—RFID using LOCalizer-Tag in Non-palpable Breast Lump
Authors: Parisi Simona , Gambardella Claudio , Ruggiero Roberto , Tolone Salvatore , Lucido Francesco Saverio , Docimo Ludovico
Published: October 2022

For many years, wire-guided localization represented the gold standard method for the detection of non-palpable breast lesions, despite the acknowledged limitations. LOCalizer™ is the most recent and promising radiofrequency identification system, characterized by the capability of measuring the distance from the tagged lesion in millimeters and the association of each marker with a unique code. A 45-year-old woman with two lesions suspected of cancer in the same breast was referred to our department. She underwent double localization with LOCalizer™ (Hologic, Santa Carla, CA, USA) of the lumps into opposite quadrants. We performed a mini-invasive and oncologically safe surgical excision through a tunneling approach after a peri-areolar incision. The surgical technique realized with Localizer™ could be an effective method for locating multiple non-palpable breast lesions and is able to offer excellent oncological and cosmetic results, as also confirmed by several reports in the literature.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Cross-Section Type of Marine Cable Conductors on the Bending Performance
Authors: Yan Jun , Hu Hai-tao , Lu Hai-long , Yin Yuan-chao , Bu Yu-feng , Lu Qing-zhen
Published: October 2022

Through the development of marine energy, marine cables are the key equipment for transmission of electrical energy between surface platforms and underwater facilities. Fatigue failure is a critical failure mode of marine cables. The bending performance of the cable conductor has a major influence on both bending and fatigue performances of the overall cable structure. To study the influence of different types of the conductor cross-section on the bending performances of marine cable conductors, three types of copper conductors with the same cross-sectional area, i.e., noncompressed round, compressed round, and shaped wire conductors, were selected. The experimental results demonstrated that the cross-section type significantly affects the bending performances of copper conductors. In particular, the bending stiffness of the shaped wire conductor is the highest among the three conductor types. Four key evaluation parameters, i.e., the bending stiffness, maximum bending moment, envelope area, and engineering critical slip point, were selected to compare and analyze the bending hysteresis curves of the three copper conductors. The differences in the key evaluation parameters were analyzed based on the structural dimensional parameters, processing methods, and classical bending stiffness theoretical models of the three copper conductor types. The results provide an important theoretical guidance for the structural design and engineering applications of marine cable conductors.
The Association Between the Bared-Teeth Display and Social Dominance in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Kim Yena , Vlaeyen Jolinde M. R. , Heesen Raphaela , Clay Zanna , Kret Mariska E.
Published: October 2022

Humans use smiles — widely observed emotional expressions — in a variety of social situations, of which the meaning varies depending on social relationship and the context in which it is displayed. The homologue of the human smile in non-human primates — both due to morphological and functional similarities — is the bared-teeth display (BT). According to the power asymmetry hypothesis (PAH), species with strict linear dominance hierarchies are predicted to produce distinct communicative signals to avoid escalations of social conflicts. Hence, while the BT in a despotic species is predicted to be expressed from low- to high-ranking individuals, signaling submission, the BT in a tolerant species is predicted to be expressed in multiple contexts, regardless of rank. We tested this hypothesis in a group of 8 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), a species commonly characterized as rather despotic. An investigation of 11,774 dyadic social interactions revealed this chimpanzee group to have a linear dominance hierarchy, with moderate steepness. A Bayesian GLMM — used to test the effects of social contexts and rank relationships of dyads on the use of the BT display — indicated multi-contextual use of the BT which is contingent on the rank relationship. We also found that slight morphological and/or acoustic variants (i.e., silent bared-teeth and vocalized bared-teeth) of the BT display may have different communicative meanings. Our findings are in line with the prediction derived from the PAH for a moderately despotic species, and the view that the human smile originated from the primate BT display.
TSNAdb v2.0: The Updated Version of Tumor-Specific Neoantigen Database
Authors: Wu Jingcheng , Chen Wenfan , Zhou Yuxuan , Chi Ying , Hua Xiansheng , Wu Jian , Gu Xun , Chen Shuqing , Zhou Zhan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, neoantigens have been recognized as ideal targets for tumor immunotherapy. With the development of neoantigen-based tumor immunotherapy, comprehensive neoantigen databases are urgently needed to meet the growing demand for clinical studies. We have built the tumor-specific neoantigen database (TSNAdb) previously, which has attracted much attention. In this study, we provide TSNAdb v2.0, an updated version of the TSNAdb. TSNAdb v2.0 offers several new features, including (1) adopting more stringent criteria for neoantigen identification, (2) providing predicted neoantigens derived from three types of somatic mutations, and (3) collecting experimentally validated neoantigens and dividing them according to the experimental level. TSNAdb v2.0 is freely available at https://pgx.zju.edu.cn/tsnadb/.
Two Cases of Severe Amanita Muscaria Poisoning Including a Fatality
Authors: Meisel Ethan M. , Morgan Brent , Schwartz Michael , Kazzi Ziad , Cetin Huseyin , Sahin Aynur
Published: October 2022

Ingestion of Amanita muscaria mushrooms results in transient central nervous system excitation and depression mediated by its components, ibotenic acid and muscimol. The mushroom is distributed worldwide and ingestions occur with some frequency. Although these ingestions have traditionally been considered benign, serious complications can occur. We present 2 cases of serious toxicity, including a fatality. The first case was a 44-y-old man who presented to the emergency department (ED) after cardiopulmonary arrest approximately 10 h after ingesting 4 to 5 dried A muscaria mushroom caps, which he used for their mind-altering effects. Despite successful resuscitation, he remained unresponsive and hypotensive and died 9 days later. The second case was a 75-y-old man who presented to the ED after accidentally consuming one large A muscaria mushroom cap he foraged in Eastern Turkey. The patient initially presented to the ED with hallucinations followed by lethargy, and he was intubated for airway protection. The patient’s condition gradually improved, and he made a full recovery. A muscaria ingestion should not be considered benign as serious outcomes do occur. An understanding of how the main neuroactive chemicals, ibotenic acid and muscimol, affect the brain can help anticipate outcomes. Several high-risk features that portend a more serious course are identified.
Does Scripture Speak for Itself?
Authors: Hicks-Keeton Jill , Concannon Cavan
Published: October 2022

Is the Bible the unembellished Word of God or the product of human agency? There are different answers to that question. And they lie at the heart of this book's powerful exploration of the fraught ways in which money, race and power shape the story of Christianity in American public life. The authors' subject is the Museum of the Bible in Washington, DC: arguably the latest example of a long line of white evangelical institutions aiming to amplify and promote a religious, political, and moral agenda of their own. In their careful and compelling investigation, Jill Hicks-Keeton and Cavan Concannon disclose the ways in which the Museum's exhibits reinforce a particularized and partial interpretation of the Bible's meaning. Bringing to light the Museum's implicit messaging about scriptural provenance and audience, the authors reveal how the MOTB produces a version of the Bible that in essence authorizes a certain sort of white evangelical privilege; promotes a view of history aligned with that same evangelical aspiration; and above all protects a cohort of white evangelicals from critique. They show too how the Museum collapses vital conceptual distinctions between its own conservative vision of the Bible and 'The Bible' as a cultural icon. This revelatory volume above all confirms that scripture – for all the claims made for it that it speaks only divine truth – can in the end never be separated from human politics.
Medieval History in the Modern Classroom
Authors: Sobehrad Lane J. , Sobehrad Susan J.
Published: October 2022

Teaching medieval history should engage students in the real work of professional medievalists. However, many undergraduate courses rely on instructional strategies that only engage students in rote retention of medieval 'stuff' and unsupported writing assignments. With trends in the USA and elsewhere showing declining undergraduate enrollment in the humanities and an increasing number of questions from university administrators regarding the utility of the liberal arts, historians need to reassess how they teach. Project-based learning (PBL) is one approach that may help medieval history instructors offer coursework that is more engaging for today's undergraduate students and provide administrators a clearer picture of the utility of studying the past. The pedagogy of PBL actively engages students in projects reflective of the real work being done by medievalists, allowing instructors to move beyond the traditional narrative found in many undergraduate survey courses. This book provides an overview of PBL theory, methods for incorporating PBL into an undergraduate medieval history course, instructional strategies, scalable assessment formats, and other resources useful for any history classroom.
Medical Case Studies (Consilia medica) of the Early Modern Period
Authors: Divisová Bohdana
Published: October 2022

Consilia played an important role in not only medieval but also early modern professional health literature. A literary ‘consilium’ consisted of a written statement of one particular case, including the patient's condition and disease as well as advice concerning medical treatment. In the sixteenth century, consilia literature was a common component of the practices of many eminent physicians. This is illustrated through an analysis of consilia from twenty-two different collections and anthologies by fifteen selected authors, who represent university professors, personal physicians, and urban physicians from early modern Italy, France, and German-speaking Central Europe. A closer look at nearly 7,000 consilia shows how important a link they were within the medical community. A detailed view of consilia intended for patients suffering from the ‘French disease’ reveals details about, for instance, the most common treatments for syphilis - mercury and guaiacum - alongside many other interesting and important details.
West Africa Seen from Moroccan Manuscript Archives
Authors: Nobili Mauro
Published: October 2022

The Area Studies paradigm that emerged in the United States in the late 1950s surely fostered research on parts of the world that had traditionally been neglected in academia, such as the African continent. However, this paradigm also had its shortcomings. Among these shortcomings, there is the tendency to disconnect North Africa from the rest of the continent. Recent works on trans-Saharan connections are a testimony of the potential of studying African history across the Sahara and from a continental perspective. This article demonstrates this potential by presenting a large corpus of Arabic manuscripts concerning West African history held in two of the most important libraries of Morocco: The Bibliothèque Royale Hasaniyya / al-Khizāna al-Ḥasaniyya and the Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc / al-Maktaba al-Waṭāniyya li-l-Mamlakat al-Maghribiyya.
The formation process of annular starting jets
Authors: Zhu Jianwei , Zhang Guoqing , Gao Lei , Yu S.C.M.
Published: October 2022

The formation and evolution process of the outer vortex ring (denoted as OV0) in annular starting jets has been studied numerically at stroke ratio

$3\leqslant L_m/D\leqslant 8$

,

$\beta \leqslant 0.8$

and Reynolds number

$400\leqslant Re_{\triangle R}\leqslant 1400$

, where

$D$

is the outer diameter of orifice,

$L_m$

is the length of the fluid column,

$\beta$

and

$\triangle R$

are the ratio and difference between inner and outer radii of the annular orifice, respectively. The initial formation process of OV0 is found to be similar to that of the leading vortex ring in a circular starting jet, but the circulation strength is relatively lower and decreases gradually with increasing

$\beta$

. The pinch-off process will also appear after OV0 grows to a certain size but is different from that of the circular starting jet. On one hand, OV0 is stretched and deformed by the strain field generated by the trailing jet's instability, and vorticity would be shed. On the other hand, OV0 accelerates the irrotational fluids around it under viscous action so as to form the induced velocity field, which would consume energy causing it to shed vorticity further under the limit of the Kelvin–Benjamin variational principle. Furthermore, OV0 would eventually become a stable vortex ring whose non-dimensional circulation (

$\varGamma /(U_{0max}D$

)) is found to be between 0.59–0.62 and it would not change with different

$L_m/D$

at

$\beta =0.5$

, which is much less than the 2–2.5 of circular starting jets.
Some analytical properties of the matrix related to q-coloured Delannoy numbers
Authors: Mu Lili , Zheng Sai-Nan
Published: October 2022

The $q$-coloured Delannoy numbers $D_{n,k}(q)$ count the number of lattice paths from $(0,\,0)$ to $(n,\,k)$ using steps $(0,\,1)$, $(1,\,0)$ and $(1,\,1)$, among which the $(1,\,1)$ steps are coloured with $q$ colours. The focus of this paper is to study some analytical properties of the polynomial matrix $D(q)=[d_{n,k}(q)]_{n,k\geq 0}=[D_{n-k,k}(q)]_{n,k\geq 0}$, such as the strong $q$-log-concavity of polynomial sequences located in a ray or a transversal line of $D(q)$ and the $q$-total positivity of $D(q)$. We show that the zeros of all row sums $R_n(q)=\sum \nolimits _{k=0}^{n}d_{n,k}(q)$ are in $(-\infty,\, -1)$ and are dense in the corresponding semi-closed interval. We also prove that the zeros of all antidiagonal sums $A_n(q)=\sum \nolimits _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2 \rfloor }d_{n-k,k}(q)$ are in the interval $(-\infty,\, -1]$ and are dense there.
Genotype × environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in rainfed winter bread wheat
Authors: Roostaei Mozaffar , Jafarzadeh Jaffar , Roohi Ebrahim , Nazary Hossein , Rajabi Rahman , Mohammadi Reza , Khalilzadeh Gholam Reza , Seif Fereshteh , Mirfatah Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi , Amiri Saber Seif , Hatamzadeh Hoosein , Ahmadi Malek Masoud
Published: October 2022

The genotype × environment (GE) interaction analysis is fundamental in crop breeding programs to guide selection and for recommendation of high performing and stable genotypes for breeding objectives. This study aimed at quantifying the GE interaction effects and determines grain yield stability among winter bread wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Iran. Twenty-four winter wheat genotypes were evaluated under nine test locations using a randomized complete blocks design with four replications during three cropping seasons (2019–21). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and several parametric and nonparametric stability statistics were applied for analysis of grain yield data collected from the experiments. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield revealed significant effects (p < 0.01) for genotype, environment, and GE interaction. The environment was the main source of variation and accounted for 83.5% of the total yield variation, followed by GE (6.5%) and genotype (1.0%) effects. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated the genotypes G3, G23, G22, G10, and G19 as high yielding with stability performance across environments. Genotypes G14, G13, G20, and G9 showed large positive interaction with the environments featuring the highest rainfall during growing season, while genotypes G7, G6, and G21 had a large positive interaction with environments with low rainfall. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the AMMI stability value, Shukla’s stability variance (σ2i), Wricke’s ecovalence (W2i), coefficient of determination (R2i), variance in regression deviations (S2di), and nonparametric statistic of S2(i) were not correlated with mean yield in tested genotypes, showing they are related to static/biological concept of stability. In contrast, the genotypic superiority index (Pi) and regression coefficient (bi) were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with mean yield and corresponded to dynamic/agronomic concept of stability. These findings suggest that selection of genotypes should be considered based on selection objectives of using the various stability parameters described here. In conclusion, the selected genotypes in this study should be recommended as new cultivars or parental lines for grain yield and stability improvement under rainfed conditions of Iran or similar agro-ecologies.
Evolutionary consequences of vector-borne transmission: how using vectors shapes host, vector and pathogen evolution
Authors: de Angeli Dutra Daniela , Poulin Robert , Ferreira Francisco C.
Published: October 2022

Transmission mode is a key factor that influences host–parasite coevolution. Vector-borne pathogens are among the most important disease agents for humans and wildlife due to their broad distribution, high diversity, prevalence and lethality. They comprise some of the most important and widespread human pathogens, such as yellow fever, leishmania and malaria. Vector-borne parasites (in this review, those transmitted by blood-feeding Diptera) follow unique transmission routes towards their vertebrate hosts. Consequently, each part of this tri-partite (i.e. parasite, vector and host) interaction can influence co- and counter-evolutionary pressures among antagonists. This mode of transmission may favour the evolution of greater virulence to the vertebrate host; however, pathogen–vector interactions can also have a broad spectrum of fitness costs to the insect vector. To complete their life cycle, vector-borne pathogens must overcome immune responses from 2 unrelated organisms, since they can activate responses in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, possibly creating a trade-off between investments against both types of immunity. Here, we assess how dipteran vector-borne transmission shapes the evolution of hosts, vectors and the pathogens themselves. Hosts, vectors and pathogens co-evolve together in a constant antagonistic arms race with each participant's primary goal being to maximize its performance and fitness.
Using genetic designs to identify likely causal environmental contributions to psychopathology
Authors: Sellers Ruth , Riglin Lucy , Harold Gordon T. , Thapar Anita
Published: October 2022

The multifactorial nature of psychopathology, whereby both genetic and environmental factors contribute risk, has long been established. In this paper, we provide an update on genetically informative designs that are utilized to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to psychopathology. We provide a brief reminder of quantitative behavioral genetic research designs that have been used to identify potentially causal environmental processes, accounting for genetic contributions. We also provide an overview of recent molecular genetic approaches that utilize genome-wide association study data which are increasingly being applied to questions relevant to psychopathology research. While genetically informative designs typically have been applied to investigate the origins of psychopathology, we highlight how these approaches can also be used to elucidate potential causal environmental processes that contribute to developmental course and outcomes. We highlight the need to use genetically sensitive designs that align with intervention and prevention science efforts, by considering strengths-based environments to investigate how positive environments can mitigate risk and promote children’s strengths.