bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Without Dissolvent: Fast Inducing Cable‐Like Sb2S3@C from Natural Minerals with Enhanced Preferential Planes and Sulfur‐Defects Toward High‐Rate Properties
Authors: Yuan Zhengqiao , Zhao Wenqing , Zeng Zihao , Li Jiexiang , Wang Bin , Lei Hai , Yang Yue , Ge Peng , Ji Xiaobo , Sun Wei
Published: June 2024

Developing novel anodes with outstanding fast‐charging properties is crucial for next‐generation energy storage research. Sb2S3 materials are deemed promising electrodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, they are restricted by sluggish bulk‐phase kinetics, bringing about inferior electronic conductivity at high current density. In this work, the cable‐like SS@C‐x anodes are successfully prepared via the thermal‐chemical treatment method. Through the tailoring of habit modifiers, their unique core–shell architectures are induced with (hk1) preferential planes and the construction of S‐defects, accompanied by lowered energy barriers. Meanwhile, assisted by C─S and C─O─Sb bonds, the charge accumulation on the surface can be rapidly released toward the bulk phase. As expected, for the as‐optimized samples, the capacity of 603.7 mAh g−1 can remain after 100 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Even at 10.0 A g−1, their superior capacity of 436.1 mAh g−1 can be noted, and it still displayed the reversible capacity of 479 mAh g−1 at −5 °C. Assisted by kinetic analysis, the great electrochemical properties mainly come from the reduced migration energy barriers and accelerated Li+ diffusion rates. Given this, the work is expected to shed light on crystal orientation tuning and defect engineering for advanced metal‐based energy storage materials.
Valence Engineering Boosts Kinetics and Storage Capacity of Layered Double Hydroxides for Aqueous Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kou Weizhi , Fang Zhitang , Ding Hongzhi , Luo Wei , Liu Cong , Peng Luming , Guo Xuefeng , Ding Weiping , Hou Wenhua
Published: June 2024

The kinetics and storage‐capacity of NiCoMg‐ternary layered double hydroxide (NiCoMg‐LDH) are successfully boosted by valence engineering. As the cathode for aqueous magnesium‐ion batteries (AMIBs), the assembled NiCoMg‐LDH//active carbon (AC) delivers a high specific discharge capacity (121.0 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1), long‐term cycling stability (85% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A·g−1) and an excellent performance at −30 °C. Moreover, NiCoMg‐LDH//perylenediimide (PTCDI) is assembled, achieving a high specific discharge capacity and long‐term cycling stability. X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS)/X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclose that the electrons are redistributed due to the 3d orbital overlap of Co/Ni atoms in NiCoMg‐LDH, which obviously reduces the valence states of Co/Ni atoms, enhances Mg─O bond strength and degree of hybridization of Co/Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals. Hence, the electronic conductivity is significantly enhanced and the electrostatic repulsion between Mg2+ and host layers is greatly reduced, giving rise to the improved diffusion kinetics and storage‐capacity of Mg2+. Furthermore, in situ Raman/X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ XPS reveal corresponding energy‐storage mechanism. This paper not only demonstrates the feasibility of LDHs as cathode for AMIBs, but also offers a new modification method of valence engineering for high‐performance electrode materials.
Coaxial‐Spun Hollow Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber as a Versatile Platform for Functional Composites
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Gholami Farzad , Yue Liang , Fratarcangeli Marcus R. , Black Elias , Shimokawa Shinnosuke , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Masato , Kobayashi Hiroki , Song Yuyang , Qi H. Jerry
Published: June 2024

The design and engineering of liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) composites for enhanced multifunctionality and responsiveness is highly desired. Here, a hollow LCE (h‐LCE) fiber fabricated via coaxial spinning, enabling the straightforward yet effective creation of functional LCE composites, is reported. Inspired by the fiber‐tubule architecture in skeletal muscles, the hollow fiber features an LCE outer shell for programmable actuation and an inner channel allowing for the integration of a variety of functional media. Thus, the h‐LCE fiber can serve as a versatile platform for multifunctionalities in LCE composites. With this unique design strategy, h‐LCE fibers are fabricated with lengths exceeding 3 meters in the lab with outer and inner diameters as small as 250 mm and 120 µm, respectively. The versatility of these h‐LCE fibers across various applications are further demonstrated, from fast‐response stiffness‐tunable actuators by integrating water flow as triggering media and shape memory polymer (SMP) for enhanced mechanical properties, to electrically driven actuating systems through the incorporation of liquid metal, and actuating light‐guides by combining SMP and PDMS optical fiber. The conception of h‐LCE fiber not only advances the design of multifunctional LCE composites but also paves the way for their application in soft robotics, artificial muscles, and beyond.
Heterostructure Interface Construction of Cobalt/Molybdenum Selenides toward Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Half/Full Batteries
Authors: Li Junhui , He Yanyan , Dai Yuxin , Zhang Haozhe , Zhang Yixuan , Gu Shaonan , Wang Xiao , Gao Tingting , Zhou Guowei , Xu Liqiang
Published: June 2024

Transition metal selenides (TMSes) are considered promising candidates for the anodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their substantial theoretical capacity. However, TMSes still face with inferior cycling lifespan caused by sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics and vigorous volume variations during dis/charge processes. Engineering heterostructure is an attractive solution for rapid Na+ transfer, and introducing carbonaceous materials also facilitates enhanced conductivity and structural stability. Herein, CoSe/MoSe2 heterostructure combined with homogeneous carbon composites are rational designed. The kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations verified that heterointerface engineering induced build‐in electric field effect can amplifies the Na+ diffusion kinetics, while carbon contributes to enhanced electrical conductivity and structural stability. Expectedly, the CoSe/MoSe2‐C exhibits high capacity and extremely ultra‐long lifespan (320.9 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 over 10,000 cycles with an average decay of only 0.01781 mAh g−1 per cycle). Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ X‐ray photoelectorn (XPS), and high‐resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) are exploited to explore the Na+ storage mechanism. In addition, the Na3V2(PO4)3@rGO//CoSe/MoSe2‐C (NVP@rGO//CoSe/MoSe2‐C) pouch‐type full‐cells are successfully assembled and delivered satisfactory performance. This research presents a viable strategy for the targeted engineering of TMSes aimed at enhancing the efficiency of SIBs.
Natural MOF‐Like Photocatalytic Nanozymes Alleviate Tumor Pressure for Enhanced Nanodrug Penetration
Authors: Li Anshuo , Li Yifei , Jia Yanmin , He Yuchu , Yuan Meng , Hao Zining , He Yaqian , Fu Yihan , Zhang Jinhui , Gao Dawei , Zhang Xuwu , Jiang Xinquan , Tu Wenkang
Published: June 2024

In oncological nanomedicine, overcoming the dual‐phase high interstitial pressure in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for enhancing the penetration and efficacy of nanotherapeutics. The elevated tumor interstitial solid pressure (TISP) is largely attributed to the overaccumulation of collagen in the extracellular matrix, while the increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) stems from the accumulation of fluid due to the aberrant vascular architecture. In this context, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with catalytic efficiency have shown potential in degrading tumor interstitial components, thereby reducing interstitial pressure. However, the potential biotoxicity of the organic components of MOFs limits their clinical translation. To circumvent this, a MOF‐like photocatalytic nanozyme, RPC@M, using naturally derived cobalt phytate (CoPA) and resveratrol (Res) is developed. This nanozyme not only facilitates the decomposition of water in the tumor interstitium under photoactivation to reduce TIFP, but also generates an abundance of reactive oxygen species through its peroxidase‐like activity to exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. Moreover, Res contributes to the reduction of collagen deposition, thereby lowering TISP. The concurrent diminution of both TISP and TIFP by RPC@M leads to enhanced tumor penetration and potent antitumor activity, presenting an innovative approach in constructing tumor therapeutic nanozymes from natural products.
Sialic Acids Blockade‐Based Chemo‐Immunotherapy Featuring Cancer Cell Chemosensitivity and Antitumor Immune Response Synergies
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Li Zi‐Yi , Xiao Jia‐Heng , Hao Peng‐Fei , Mo Juan , Zheng Xiu‐Jing , Geng Yi‐Qun , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: June 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with cancer, although the majority of such patients achieve low response rates; consequently, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The upregulation of sialic acid‐containing glycans is a common characteristic of cancer‐related glycosylation, which drives disease progression and immune escape via numerous pathways. Herein, the development of self‐assembled core–shell nanoscale coordination polymer nanoparticles loaded with a sialyltransferase inhibitor, referred to as NCP‐STI which effectively stripped diverse sialoglycans from cancer cells, providing an antibody‐independent pattern to disrupt the emerging Siglec‐sialic acid glyco‐immune checkpoint is reported. Furthermore, NCP‐STI inhibits sialylation of the concentrated nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1), promotes the intracellular accumulation of anticancer agent gemcitabine (Gem), and enhances Gem‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). As a result, the combination of NCP‐STI and Gem (NCP‐STI/Gem) evokes a robust antitumor immune response and exhibits superior efficacy in restraining the growth of multiple murine tumors and pulmonary metastasis. Collectively, the findings demonstrate a novel form of small molecule‐based chemo‐immunotherapy approach which features sialic acids blockade that enables cooperative effects of cancer cell chemosensitivity and antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment.
Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing: Fundamentals, Devices, and Opportunities
Authors: Li Renjie , Gong Yuanhao , Huang Hai , Zhou Yuze , Mao Sixuan , Wei Zhijian , Zhang Zhaoyu
Published: June 2024

In the dynamic landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), two notable phenomena are becoming predominant: the exponential growth of large AI model sizes and the explosion of massive amount of data. Meanwhile, scientific research such as quantum computing and protein synthesis increasingly demand higher computing capacities. As the Moore's Law approaches its terminus, there is an urgent need for alternative computing paradigms that satisfy this growing computing demand and break through the barrier of the von Neumann model. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the mechanism and functionality of human brains, uses physical artificial neurons to do computations and is drawing widespread attention. This review studies the expansion of optoelectronic devices on photonic integration platforms that has led to significant growth in photonic computing, where photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled ultrafast artificial neural networks (ANN) with sub‐nanosecond latencies, low heat dissipation, and high parallelism. In particular, various technologies and devices employed in neuromorphic photonic AI accelerators, spanning from traditional optics to PCSEL lasers are examined. Lastly, it is recognized that existing neuromorphic technologies encounter obstacles in meeting the peta‐level computing speed and energy efficiency threshold, and potential approaches in new devices, fabrication, materials, and integration to drive innovation are also explored. As the current challenges and barriers in cost, scalability, footprint, and computing capacity are resolved one‐by‐one, photonic neuromorphic systems are bound to co‐exist with, if not replace, conventional electronic computers and transform the landscape of AI and scientific computing in the foreseeable future.
Interface‐Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain–Machine Interfacing Applications
Authors: Sands Ian , Demarco Ryan , Thurber Laura , Esteban‐Linares Alberto , Song Dong , Meng Ellis , Chen Yupeng
Published: June 2024

Nanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain–machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain–machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon‐based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
Recent Advances in Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Han Peng , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2024

Self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) have shown great potential in the application of optoelectronic devices due to their unique molecular properties. Recently, emerging phosphonic acid‐based SAMs, 2‐(9Hcarbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), have successfully applied in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). More importantly, impressive results based on 2PACz SAMs are reported recently in succession. Therefore, it is essential to provide an insightful summary to promote it further development. In this review, the molecule design strategies about 2PACz are first concluded. Subsequently, this work systematically reviews the recent advances of 2PACz and its derivatives for single junction PSCs, tandem PSCs, OSCs and PeLEDs. Finally, this work concludes and discusses future challenges for 2PACz and its derivatives to further develop in optoelectronic devices.
Quasi‐2D Perovskite with Ligand Engineering to Improve the Stability of Phototransistor Memory with a Floating Gate
Authors: Chang Sung‐Te , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Lin Chen‐Fu , Yu Pei‐Zhen , Tsai Cheng‑Hang , Cho Chia‐Jung , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang , Kuo Chi‐Ching
Published: June 2024

Quasi‐2D(two dimentional) perovskite is one of the potential materials in optoelectronic applications due to the scalable solution processes and low binding energy. Recent studies employing diverse spacer ligands of mono‐ and di‐amine functional groups to form Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) and Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) phase perovskites efficiently manipulate the perovskite microstructure. However, there is a notable gap in investigating the performance of photomemory devices based on perovskites using different ligands and the accommodability in polymer matrixes. Herein, the perovskite with phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr) or p‐xylylenediamine (PDMA) ligands and methacrylate polymers comprising varied pendent groups (benzene and pyrene) are designed to investigate their effect. The results show that RP‐phase perovskite with polymer‐conferred pyrene group presented an excellent crystalline orientation, fewer grain boundaries, and higher charge transfer efficiency, attributed to superior accommodation between ligands and polymers and appropriate aggregation of pyrene groups. It demonstrates superior memory device characteristics of a high ON/OFF current ratio (2.68 × 104), low operational voltage (−0.1 V), short illumination times (0.1 s), and maintains its decent performance even under thermal environments. This work highlights that leveraging the steric hindrance of ligands and functional polymers to control the microstructure of perovskite is a prospective strategy to promote the photomemory's development.
Visible Light‐Driven Synthesis of PtCu Alloy Nanodendrites for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen‐Conversion Reactions
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Wang Chuanjun , Zhao Xin , Liu Shenjie , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Yining , Lv Xiaoqing , Wang Chenyang , Lv Xiaojun , Xu Jing
Published: June 2024

Hierarchical metal alloy nanostructures with branched morphologies are highly desirable for electrocatalysis due to their large surface area, highly exposed active sites and stability for catalytic reactions. In this work, the successful synthesis of uniformly‐sized, spherical Pt–Cu alloy nanodendrites are reported using a novel visible light‐driven photoreduction method that exploits fluorescein as an excited state photosensitizer. Factors influencing the structure and morphology of the PtCu alloy nanodendrites are systematically explored, including pH, Pt4+ and Cu2+ concentrations, Pt:Cu molar ratio, Light emitting diode (LED) light irradiation time, light intensity, concentration of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and concentration of triethylamine (TEA). The experiments reveal a simultaneous photoreduction/galvanic replacement mechanism for PtCu alloy nanodendrite formation. Importantly, the PtCu alloy nanodendrites are easily separable from the reaction solution, facilitating their use as electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic nitrite reduction reaction (eNO2RR) to ammonia and also the nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) to nitrate. The PtCu alloy nanodendrites outperforms a commercially available Pt nanoparticle catalyst in both NO2RR and NOR, validating the approach.
Innovative Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems for Advanced Treatment of Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Xin , Fu Xueyu , Huang Xiaomin , Zhang Shenrong , Zhao Nan , Ma Xiaowei , Saiding Qimanguli , Yang Mei , Tao Wei , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai
Published: June 2024

Funduscopic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), significantly impact global visual health, leading to impaired vision and irreversible blindness. Delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a challenge due to the presence of multiple physiological and anatomical barriers. Conventional drug delivery methods often prove ineffective and may cause side effects. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size, large surface area, tunable properties, and biocompatibility, enhance the permeability, stability, and targeting of drugs. Ocular nanomaterials encompass a wide range, including lipid nanomaterials, polymer nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dot nanomaterials, and so on. These innovative materials, often combined with hydrogels and exosomes, are engineered to address multiple mechanisms, including macrophage polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared to conventional modalities, nanomedicines achieve regulated and sustained delivery, reduced administration frequency, prolonged drug action, and minimized side effects. This study delves into the obstacles encountered in drug delivery to the posterior segment and highlights the progress facilitated by nanomedicine. Prospectively, these findings pave the way for next‐generation ocular drug delivery systems and deeper clinical research, aiming to refine treatments, alleviate the burden on patients, and ultimately improve visual health globally.
Network‐based artificial intelligence approaches for advancing personalized psychiatry
Authors: Rajan Sivanesan , Schwarz Emanuel
Published: June 2024

Psychiatric disorders have a complex biological underpinning likely involving an interplay of genetic and environmental risk contributions. Substantial efforts are being made to use artificial intelligence approaches to integrate features within and across data types to increase our etiological understanding and advance personalized psychiatry. Network science offers a conceptual framework for exploring the often complex relationships across different levels of biological organization, from cellular mechanistic to brain‐functional and phenotypic networks. Utilizing such network information effectively as part of artificial intelligence approaches is a promising route toward a more in‐depth understanding of illness biology, the deciphering of patient heterogeneity, and the identification of signatures that may be sufficiently predictive to be clinically useful. Here, we present examples of how network information has been used as part of artificial intelligence within psychiatry and beyond and outline future perspectives on how personalized psychiatry approaches may profit from a closer integration of psychiatric research, artificial intelligence development, and network science.
Iron‐Promoted Redox Access to 2‐Aminobenzoxazoles from Amines, Carbon Disulfide and 2‐Nitrophenols
Authors: Long Le Duc , Yen Tran Thi , Anh Nguyen Le , Anh Ngo Quoc , Hung Mac Dinh , Binh Nguyen Thanh
Published: June 2024

A method to assemble 2‐aminobenzoxazoles via iron‐catalyzed redox condensation of amines, carbon disulfide and 2‐nitrophenols is reported. The reaction features advantages of environmentally friendly iron catalyzed conditions, readily available starting materials, and excellent atom‐, step‐ and redox‐ economy compared to known protocols. Experimental investigation suggests a mechanism encompassing iron‐catalyzed reduction of the nitro group of 2‐nitrophenols by the dithiocarbamate group from amine‐CS2 adduct.
Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon‐Efficient CO2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers
Authors: Wang Jundong , Zhang Yuesheng , Bai Haoxiang , Deng Huiying , Pan Binbin , Li Yanguang , Wang Yuhang
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an appealing method for carbon utilization. Alkaline CO2 electrolyzers exhibit high CO2RR activity, low full‐cell voltages, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the issue of CO2 loss caused by (bi)carbonate formation leads to excessive energy consumption, rendering the process economically impractical. In this study, we propose a trilayer polymer electrolyte (TPE) comprising a perforated anion exchange membrane (PAEM) and a bipolar membrane (BPM) to facilitate alkaline CO2RR. This TPE enables the coexistence of high alkalinity near the catalyst surface and the H+ flux at the interface between the PAEM and the cation exchange layer (CEL) of the BPM, conditions favoring both CO2 reduction to multicarbon products and (bi)carbonate removal in KOH‐fed membrane electrode assembly (MEA) reactors. As a result, we achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of approximately 46 % for C2H4, corresponding to a C2+ FE of 64 % at 260 mA cm−2, with a CO2‐to‐C2H4 single‐pass conversion (SPC) of approximately 32 % at 140 mA cm−2—nearly 1.3 times the limiting SPC in conventional AEM‐MEA electrolyzers. Furthermore, coupling CO2 reduction with formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) in the TPE‐MEA electrolyzer reduces the full‐cell voltage to 2.3 V at 100 mA cm−2 without compromising the C2H4 FE.
Evolution of Surface Chemistry in Two‐Dimensional MXenes: From Mixed to Tunable Uniform Terminations
Authors: Jiang Mengni , Wang Di , Kim Young‐Hwan , Duan Chunying , Talapin Dmitri V. , Zhou Chenkun
Published: June 2024

Surface chemistry of MXenes is of great interest as the terminations can define the intrinsic properties of this family of materials. The diverse and tunable terminations also distinguish MXenes from many other 2D materials. Conventional fluoride‐containing reagents etching approaches resulted in MXenes with mixed fluoro‐, oxo‐, and hydroxyl surface groups. The relatively strong chemical bonding of MXenes’ surface metal atoms with oxygen and fluorine makes post‐synthetic covalent surface modifications of such MXenes unfavorable. In this minireview, we focus on the recent advances in MXenes with uniform surface terminations. Unconventional methods, including Lewis acidic molten salt etching (LAMS) and bottom‐up direct synthesis, have been proven successful in producing halide‐terminated MXenes. These synthetic strategies have opened new possibilities for MXenes because weaker surface chemical bonds in halide‐terminated MXenes facilitate post‐synthetic covalent surface modifications. Both computational and experimental results on surface termination‐dependent properties are summarized and discussed. Finally, we offer our perspective on the opportunities and challenges in this exciting research field.
Unlocking Fast Potassium Ion Kinetics: High‐Rate and Long‐Life Potassium Dual‐Ion Battery for Operation at −60 °C
Authors: Xia Yang , Yu Fuda , Nie Dan , Jiang Yunshan , Sun Meiyan , Que Lanfang , Deng Liang , Zhao Lei , Zhang Qianyu , Wang Zhenbo
Published: June 2024

Energy storage devices operating at low temperatures are plagued by sluggish kinetics, reduced capacity, and notorious dendritic growth. Herein, novel potassium dual‐ion batteries (PDIBs) capable of superior performance at −60 °C, and fabricated by combining MXenes and polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) as the anode and cathode, respectively, are presented. Additionally, the reason for the anomalous kinetics of K+ (faster at low temperature than at room temperature) on the Ti3C2 anode is investigated. Theoretical calculations, crossover experiments, and in situ XRD at room and low temperatures revealed that K+ tends to bind with solvent molecules rather than anions at subzero temperatures, which not only inhibits the participation of PF6− in the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), but also guarantees co‐intercalation behavior and suppresses undesirable K+ storage. The advantageous properties at low temperatures endow the Ti3C2 anode with fast K+ kinetics to unlock the outstanding performance of PDIB at ultralow temperatures. The PDIBs exhibit superior rate capability and high capacity retention at −40 °C and −60 °C. Impressively, after charging‐discharging for 20,000 cycles at −60 °C, the PDIB retained 86.7 % of its initial capacity. This study reveals the influence of temperatures on MXenes and offers a unique design for dual‐ion batteries operating at ultralow temperatures.
Modifying the Charge‐Density of Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Centers through Carbon‐Layer Modulation Promotes C‐H Activation in the Propane Dehydrogenation Reaction (PDH)
Authors: Huang Zijun , He Dedong , Lu Jichang , Han Lanfang , Li Kongzhai , Chen Dingkai , Cao Xiaohua , Li Tan , Luo Yongming
Published: June 2024

The electronic structure of active metal centers plays an indispensable role in regulating catalytic reactivity in heterogeneous catalysis, developing other metals as promoters to decorate electronic state is a common strategy, while non‐metal component of carbon as electronic additives to regulate d‐band center has rarely been studied in thermal‐catalysis field. Herein, we report electron‐deficient tetrahedral Co(II) (Td‐cobalt(II)) centers through carbon‐layer modulation for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). It is indicated that bifunctional sites of both Td‐cobalt(II) and metallic‐cobalt are designed, and the in situ generated carbon through the disproportionation of CO on metallic‐cobalt can cover the inactive metallic‐cobalt and tailor d‐band of active Td‐cobalt(II) simultaneously. More importantly, the pre‐deposited carbon‐layer is proposed to decrease electron density of Td‐cobalt(II) and make d‐band center closer to Fermi level, consequently promotes C−H activation in PDH reaction. This study provides new perspective for the utilization of inactive carbon as electronic promoters and unlocks new opportunity to fabricate efficient PDH and other heterogeneous catalysts.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Carbon‐Supported Metal Electrocatalysts for Energy‐Related Reduction Reactions
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Lu Xue Feng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical reduction reactions, as cathodic processes in many energy‐related devices, significantly impact the overall efficiency determined mainly by the performance of electrocatalysts. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon‐supported metal materials have become one of star electrocatalysts due to their tunable structure and composition through ligand design and metal screening. However, for different electroreduction reactions, the required active metal species vary in phase component, electronic state, and catalytic center configuration, hence requiring effective customization. From this perspective, this review comprehensively analyzes the structural design principles, metal loading strategies, practical electroreduction performance, and complex catalytic mechanisms, thereby providing insights and guidance for the future rational design of such electroreduction catalysts.
Simultaneous Manipulation of Membrane Enthalpy and Entropy Barriers towards Superior Ion Separations
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Chao , Sun Haixiang , Guo Jing , Shao Lu
Published: June 2024

Sub‐nanoporous membranes with ion selective transport functions are important for energy utilization, environmental remediation, and fundamental bioinspired engineering. Although mono/multivalent ions can be separated by monovalent ion selective membranes (MISMs), the current theory fails to inspire rapid advances in MISMs. Here, we apply transition state theory (TST) by regulating the enthalpy barrier (ΔH) and entropy barrier (ΔS) for designing next‐generation monovalent cation exchange membranes (MCEMs) with great improvement in ion selective separation. Using a molecule‐absorbed porous material as an interlayer to construct a denser selective layer can achieve a greater absolute value of ΔS for Li+ and Mg2+ transport, greater ΔH for Mg2+ transport and lower ΔH for Li+ transport. This recorded performance with a Li+/Mg2+ perm‐selectivity of 25.50 and a Li+ flux of 1.86 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ h−1 surpasses the contemporary “upper bound” plot for Li+/Mg2+ separations. Most importantly, our synthesized MCEM also demonstrates excellent operational stability during the selective electrodialysis (S‐ED) processes for realizing scalability in practical applications.
Preparation and evaluation of Urea‐F amine crosslinkers
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Fei Furong , Yao Meijun , Li Jingjing
Published: June 2024

This study presents the preparation of a long‐chain amine solution, employing the concept of urea‐formaldehyde synthesis. We also investigate the performance shifts in the cured product post‐urea addition. The Urea‐F curing agent is prepared by reacting EDA/DETA/TETA/TEPA, formaldehyde, and urea, and crosslinked with bisphenol A epoxy resin (E51). The crosslinking agent solves the problem of urea not being suitable for curing epoxy resin, and it improves the problem of low mechanical strength of traditional amine crosslinked epoxy resin cured materials. The cured product underwent evaluation through acid and alkali resistance solution measurement and mechanical and thermal tests. The results show enhanced heat resistance in the cured product, with its maximum thermal decomposition rate exceeding 350°C. The cured products have better mechanical properties than the amine monomers, with enhanced bending strength and superior acid–base solution resistance. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph indicates that the cured product fractures have a tight internal structure.
Purification of hemicellulose hydrolysates by antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor
Authors: Carr Thomas , Russo Abegão Fernando , Boodhoo Kamelia
Published: June 2024

The hemicellulose (HMC) fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is a biorenewable precursor for platform molecules such as furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. However, this fraction is often not valorized. This study presents a novel method to produce high‐purity HMC from industrial HMC hydrolysate streams utilizing antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor (SDR) for potential application in a biorefinery. Spinning disc reactors are ideal intensified precipitation technologies due to their continuous processing ability, high mixing rates, short residence times, and scalability potential. The effects of three different antisolvents (ethanol, acetone, and ammonium sulfate), disc speed, flow rate, and antisolvent (AS) : solvent (S) mass ratio on the yield, purity, and particle size of sugar precipitates were investigated. Ethanol was the preferred antisolvent, yielding the greatest average recovery of solid precipitate of 32% at a 10:1 AS:S ratio and high sugar purity of more than 97%. Acetone failed to produce a solid precipitate, and ammonium sulfate contaminated the product, rendering both antisolvents unsuitable. The SDR overcame mixing limitations at all hydrodynamic conditions tested so that only the AS:S ratio affected product yield significantly, increasing the ethanol AS:S from 1:1 to 10:1, enhancing average solid recovery from 4 to 32%. Optimal SDR operating conditions were 600 rpm disc rotation speed and 8 mL s−1 total flow rate, maximizing product throughput and minimizing energy consumption, with a residence time less than 1 s. In a continuously operated scaled‐up system, 485 L of HMC hydrolysate could be processed per day, demonstrating the SDR to be a promising method of intensifying HMC recovery at scale in a biorefinery.
Defining bioenergy system services to accelerate the integration of bioenergy into a low‐carbon economy
Authors: Mäki Elina , Hennig Christiane , Thrän Daniela , Lange Nora , Schildhauer Tilman , Schipfer Fabian
Published: June 2024

The global energy system is in transition. It is attempting to reach net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The systemic changes mean that the role of bioenergy will change. The potential of bioenergy to make a flexible contribution to the energy system is key for the achievement of global emission reduction ambitions and the functioning of the low‐carbon energy system and economy. As the volume of sustainably available biomass resources is limited, defining the contributions from bioenergy to a low‐carbon energy system and finding balances – and ideally synergies – between the different possible energy and climate system services that biomass can provide will be very important. The recognized system services include, among others, the flexible operation of bioenergy plants to integrate variable renewable energy sources and to provide negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Interest in flexible operation of bioenergy value chains, bioenergy with carbon capture and utilization as well as synergies with renewable hydrogen‐based value chains has increased recently. The objective of this paper is to present a holistic definition of flexible bioenergy as a system service based on the work conducted in International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme's Task 44 Flexible Bioenergy and System Integration, and to provide some practical examples. The paper also presents the different bioenergy system services and considers their definitions and interactions, as this is important in energy system design. The definition of flexible bioenergy shows that the flexibility provision from bioenergy goes far beyond the traditional definition of providing short‐term flexibility in the power sector. Indicators to demonstrate the value of services as well as further quantitative assessment of synergies and trade‐offs are needed to valorize the different services from bioenergy and create viable business cases.
Depathologization of trans* experience in ICD‐11: Suggestions for context‐sensitive psychotherapeutic work
Authors: Teren Kirsten
Published: June 2024

The current changes to the treatment recommendations and the diagnostic categorization of trans* identities in the ICD‐11 require a new consideration of past therapeutic methods and approaches. The depathologization of trans* lives in the ICD‐11 finally enables trans* people to access psychotherapeutic services more freely, as the compulsory therapy that has thus far been required for access to transition‐related treatments, as well as the so‐called “diagnosis” and “treatment” of “transsexuality”, have been removed. Trans* people will nevertheless be interested in qualified psychotherapeutic treatment options. Due to the decades‐long discrimination and treatment in the health system that has disregarded the human rights of trans* people, a trans*‐affirmative approach is necessary, one that takes into account the context of the treatment and critically reflects upon one's own position as a health professional. This affirmative and self‐reflective approach provides the basis upon which therapeutic concerns and topics related to a life lived in accordance with a self‐determined (gender) identity, related needs, and the fulfillment of those needs, can be discussed. The consequences of experiences of discrimination, violence and exclusion are, moreover, important elements of therapy that require a structural and social contextualization in order to address internalized trans*‐negativity and to empower trans* people in their self‐assertion.
Emerging roles of long noncoding RNA H19 in human lung cancer
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Sergeevna Klunko Nataliya , Jyothi.S Renuka , Kumar Ashwani , Dusanov Abdigafur , Shuhata Alubiady Mahmood Hasen , Sinha Aashna , Zain Al‐Abdeen Salah Hassan , Hjazi Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Lung cancer holds the position of being the primary cause of cancer‐related fatalities on a global scale. Furthermore, it exhibits the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer. The survival rate within a span of 5 years is less than 20%, primarily due to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in less effective treatment options compared to earlier stages. There are two main types of primary lung cancer: nonsmall‐cell lung cancer, which accounts for approximately 80%–85% of all cases, and small‐cell lung cancer, which is categorized based on the specific type of cells in which the cancer originates. The understanding of the biology of this disease and the identification of oncogenic driver alterations have significantly transformed the landscape of therapeutic approaches. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes through diverse molecular mechanisms. Among these lncRNAs, lncRNA H19, initially identified as an oncofetal transcript, has garnered significant attention due to its elevated expression in numerous tumors. Extensive research has confirmed its involvement in tumorigenesis and malignant progression by promoting cell growth, invasion, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the aberrant overexpression of lncRNA H19 and the molecular pathways through which it contributes to the advancement of lung cancer. The findings of this review highlight the potential for further investigation into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, offering promising avenues for future research.
Sulfonated Graphene‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Solketal Synthesis by Acetalization of Glycerol
Authors: Gil‐Gavilán Dolores G. , Amaro‐Gahete Juan , Rojas‐Luna Raúl , Benítez Almudena , Estevez Rafael , Esquivel Dolores , Bautista Felipa M. , Romero‐Salguero Francisco J.
Published: June 2024

Acid catalysis plays a pivotal role in the industrial landscape due to its multifaceted contributions to various chemical processes in numerous sectors, including petrochemicals, polymers, food processing, and biodiesel production, among others. Sulfonated graphenes hold notable relevance as heterogeneous acid catalysts due to their unique combination of graphene's structural properties and the introduction of sulfonic groups as catalytic acid sites. Herein, we report the preparation of three sulfonated graphene‐based materials – sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐SO3H), chlorosulfonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐HSO3Cl) and sulfonated graphene oxide (GO‐SO3H) – by different synthetic approaches. Physicochemical, textural, morphological, and acidic properties of all materials were characterized in detail by different instrumental techniques. Innovatively, these materials have been evaluated as heterogeneous acid catalysts in the solketal synthesis by acetalization of glycerol, which is considered an interesting building block to produce added‐value products. The density of acidic active sites and hydrophobicity were found to be conditioning parameters of the resulting catalytic activity in terms of conversion and selectivity. The best catalytic performance was obtained by rGO‐SO3H, reaching the maximum conversion towards solketal in 15 minutes under mild reaction conditions. The reusability and stability of all materials were also examined after three consecutive acetalization reactions with only a slight loss of catalytic activity.
Modular Assembly and Optimization of an Artificial Esterase from Functionalised Surfactants
Authors: Matich Olivia , Naiya Mohinder Maheshbhai , Salam Joanne , Tiban Anrango Bryan Andres , Chen Jack L.‐Y.
Published: June 2024

A strategy for the screening and optimization of an artificial esterase is presented that utilizes the self‐assembly of amphiphilic molecules. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on the attachment of key functional groups onto molecular scaffolds or surfaces, the modular assembly of amphiphiles allows a large number of catalytic combinations to be investigated with minimal synthetic effort. In this study, iterative combinatorial screens led to an optimized esterase comprising amphiphiles that act as a nucleophilic catalyst, an oxyanion hole and a metal ion chelator. Cooperativity is observed between the functional headgroups of the amphiphiles, an effect that is diminished when co‐assembled with non‐functionalized surfactants. Assessment of the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of our optimized catalysts against recently reported artificial esterases shows comparable efficiency, indicating that efficient catalysis is possible with dynamic self‐assembled systems despite the absence of pre‐defined rigid binding pockets.
Lutetium Copper@Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanocomposite Electrode System for Sensing and Signalling Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Nepfumbada Collen , Mamba Bhekie B. , Bartlett Bart M. , Fernández‐Sánchez Jorge F. , Feleni Usisipho
Published: June 2024

Herein, a new electrochemical sensing system based on lutetium copper nanoparticles supported on hexagonal boron nitride (Lu‐Cu@h‐BN) was designed for the sensitive detection of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic. A simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the nanocomposite. The structural and morphological characteristics of the as‐prepared nanocomposite were investigated using various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The newly developed Lu‐Cu@h‐BN nanocomposite was used as an electrode modifier for sensing and signalling of CIP. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the electrochemical activities of the bare GCE, Cu‐h‐BN/GCE, Lu‐h‐BN/GCE, Lu‐Cu/GCE, and Lu‐Cu@h‐BN/GCE. The electro‐oxidation of CIP on electrode surface exhibited an irreversible, diffusion‐controlled process. The sensor system obtained a wider linear range of (0.05–100 μM) with a lower detection limit value of 0.03 μM and sensitivity 0.7443 μA μM−1 cm−2. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated an excellent selectivity, good stability, and reproducibility, with acceptable recoveries of 96 % to 104 % in real water sample analysis.
Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polybenzoxazine and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol‐Co‐Ethylene) for Acid Recovery by Diffusion Dialysis
Authors: Tian Longyu , Wang Min , Liao Guangming , Liu Baoliang , Sun Yucheng , Hu Yukun , Lu Zaijun
Published: June 2024

Acid recovery from acidic waste is a pressing issue in current times. Chemical methods for recovery are not economically feasible and require significant energy input to save the environment. This study reported a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for acid recovery by diffusion dialysis with excellent dimensional stability, high oxidation stability, good acid dialysis coefficient (UH+) and high separation factor (S). Semi‐IPN AEMs are prepared by ring‐open cross‐linked quaternized polybenzoxazine (AQBZ) with poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene), where AQBZ is obtained by Mannich reaction and Menshutkin reaction. All four proportions of semi‐IPNs exhibit clear micro‐phase separation, which is conducive to ion transport. The water uptake (WU) of the four semi‐IPNs ranges from 14.2 % to 19.2 %, while the swelling ratio (SR) remains between 8.7 % and 11.3 %. These results indicate that the cross‐linked structure in the designed semi‐IPNs effectively control swelling and ensure dimensional stability. The thermal degradation temperature (Td5) of semi‐IPN4:6 to semi‐IPN7:3 varies from 309 °C to 289 °C, with an oxidation stability weight loss rate (WOX) ranging from 91.5 % to 93.5 %, demonstrating excellent thermal stability and oxidation stability. The semi‐IPNs also show good UH+ values ranging from 11.9–16.3*10−3 m/h and high S values between 38.6 and 45.9, indicating the promising potential of the semi‐IPNs.
Cellular Effects of Cationic Copper(II) Schiff Base Complexes: Anti‐Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties
Authors: Vančo Ján , Trávníček Zdeněk , Malina Tomáš , Hošek Jan , Dvořák Zdeněk
Published: June 2024

A series of potassium isothiocyanato‐(N‐salicylidene‐aminoacidato) cuprates (1–5) with the general formula of the monomeric unit K[Cu(sal‐aa)(NCS)] ⋅ xH2O (x=0 or 2), containing a Schiff‐base ligand (H2sal‐aa) derived from natural amino acids such as glycine, DL‐α‐alanine, DL‐valine, DL‐phenylalanine and β‐alanine, and salicylaldehyde, was screened for in vitro antiradical and major cellular effects against selected cancerous and normal cells. The complexes exhibited strong antioxidant properties against superoxide in vitro and a protective effect on DNA under Fenton‐like reaction conditions. Screening of their cellular effects revealed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R and MCF‐7), with IC50 values of 25–35 μM, and relatively low toxicity to normal fibroblast MRC‐5 cells (with IC50 values>50 μM). Additional experiments performed on A2780 cells revealed that the most potent complex 5 significantly increased the number of A2780 cells arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and triggered intracellular oxidative stress. The selected flow cytometry experiments (detection of apoptosis/autophagy and activation of caspases 3/7 and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential) did not reveal the dominant mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of the complexes but clearly differentiated their molecular effects from those of the reference drug cisplatin. All the complexes exerted anti‐inflammatory effects by modulating the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐1β in LPS‐activated THP‐1 macrophage‐like cells. Complex 5 also slightly influenced the activity of the upstream NF‐κB transcription factor, while no effect on PPARγ activation was detected.