bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a Brief Online Psychoeducational Intervention for Women with Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Authors: Zippan Natasha , Stephenson Kyle R. , Brotto Lori A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Low sexual desire and arousal are the most common sexual concerns in women, but most women lack access to effective treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Web-based psychological interventions, which are economical, private, easily accessible, and potentially effective, may increase the reach of evidence-based treatment.

Aim

To determine the feasibility of translating cognitive behavioral therapy for the most common female sexual dysfunction, Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, into an online format. The present study examined the feasibility of an introductory psychoeducational module of eSense, an online program currently being developed that is based on existing empirically supported in-person treatments, which delivers content to the user in a visually appealing and interactive manner.

Methods

Sixteen cisgender women (M age = 31.9) with female sexual arousal/interest disorder worked through a pilot module of eSense inperson at a sexual health laboratory.

Outcomes

Qualitative semistructured interviews and online questionnaires were used to assess participants’ experiences of usability of the platform, clarity/relevance of the content, satisfaction with the experience, and any changes in clinical outcomes of sexual function and distress.

Results

Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the website’s functionality and presentation. They reported greater knowledge, felt validated and more hopeful, and were eager to continue the remaining modules. Participants also reported notable prepost improvements in sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction.

Clinical Implications

Initial user-experience assessment may represent a method of simultaneously improving online interventions and providing therapeutic education to participants.

Strengths & Limitations

This is one of the first studies, to our knowledge, to test a graphics-rich, interactive online intervention for sexual difficulties that does not require direct contact with expert providers or support groups. Limitations include the high level of education, motivation, and technical fluency of the sample and the potentially confounding effect of the researcher’s presence during interviews. Because this was a feasibility study, the sample size was small, and no control group was included, limiting conclusions about efﬁcacy and generalizability.

Conclusion

The format of eSense appears to be feasible and usable, lending support to the growing evidence that it is possible to take in-person therapeutic interventions online.
Addressing the knowledge gap of Indigenous public health: reflections from an Indigenous public health graduate
Authors: Lee Natasha
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The current agenda in public health training in higher education works to produce well-trained public health professionals. Operating within a western pedagogical framework it aims to build a cohort of critical and analytical thinkers, skilful problem solvers and extraordinary communicators across key disciplines in health. Many graduates possess interdisciplinary specialities, skills and knowledge transferable within health and other sectors. Core competencies in the curricula, which notably does not currently include Indigenous health, are considered the foundational platform of theory and practical understandings of public health and the health system. Despite a framework that aims to produce health professionals capable of improving the health of the population as a whole; the lack of engagement with an Indigenous health criticality maintains a longstanding Australian public health tradition of failure when it comes to addressing the health disparities experienced by Indigenous people. As a recent Indigenous public health graduate with practical training and experience working in the public health system, I consider possibilities for decolonising the curricula through an Indigenist approach to health, including theories of transformative learning which could strengthen public health practice and in turn facilitate the changes necessary to improving Indigenous health outcomes.
Experiencing conflict, feeling satisfied, being engaged: Limiting the detrimental effects of work–family conflict on job performance
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Butt Affan Ahmad
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between employees' perceptions of work–family conflict – defined as the extent to which the quality of their family life suffers due to work obligations – and their job performance. It also notes a buffering role of the satisfaction that employees feel about how their career has progressed since they joined the employing organization. Three-wave, time-lagged data reveal that an important reason work–family conflict diminishes job performance is that employees become less engaged with their work. Yet, this mediating role of work engagement is less salient to the extent that employees are satisfied with how their organization has supported their career goals over the course of their employment. This study accordingly pinpoints a prominent risk for employees who suffer from negative spillovers of work stress into the family domain, then make this situation worse by failing to meet organization-set performance expectations, which can generate even more stress. Employers can mitigate this risk though, by ensuring that their employees feel satisfied with how their career has progressed.
On the disequilibrium response and climate change vulnerability of the mass-balance glaciers in the Alps
Authors: Carturan Luca , Rastner Philipp , Paul Frank
Published: September 2020

Glaciers in the Alps and several other regions in the world have experienced strong negative mass balances over the past few decades. Some of them are disappearing, undergoing exceptionally negative mass balances that impact the mean regional value, and require replacement. In this study, we analyse the geomorphometric characteristics of 46 mass-balance glaciers in the Alps and the long-term mass-balance time series for a subset of nine reference glaciers. We identify regime shifts in the mass-balance time series (when non-climatic controls started impacting) and develop a glacier vulnerability index (GVI) as a proxy for their possible future development, based on criteria such as hypsometric index, breaks in slope, thickness distribution and elevation change pattern. We found that the subset of 46 mass-balance glaciers reflects the characteristics of the total glacier sample very well and identified a region-specific variability of the mass balance. As the GVI is strongly related to cumulative glacier mass balances, it can be used as a pre-selector of future mass-balance glaciers. We conclude that measurements on rapidly shrinking glaciers should be continued as long as possible to identify regime shifts in hind-cast and better understand the impacts of climatic variability on such glaciers.
The Outside of the Inside: Blackness and the Remaking of Canadian Institutional Life
Authors: Vernon Karina
Published: September 2020

This paper reads Black Canadian literary fiction for what it reveals about the ironic place of blackness in Canadian universities. It weaves together this literary analysis with the author’s first-person account of classroom practice in order to illuminate the risks involved for Black scholars and students currently teaching, learning, and producing knowledge within Canadian institutional structures.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIVISOR FUNCTION AT CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS
Authors: HASANALIZADE ELCHIN
Published: September 2020

In this paper we sharpen Hildebrand’s earlier result on a conjecture of Erdős on limit points of the sequence
${\{d(n)/d(n+1)\}}$
.
The impact of cognitive reserve, cognition and clinical symptoms on psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychoses
Authors: Amoretti Silvia , Rosa Adriane R , Mezquida Gisela , Cabrera Bibiana , Ribeiro María , Molina Mariola , Bioque Miquel , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Fraguas David , Corripio Iluminada , Vieta Eduard , de la Serna Elena , Morro Laura , Garriga Marina , Torrent Carla , Cuesta Manuel J , Bernardo Miguel ,   PEPs Group
Published: September 2020

Background

Functional impairment is a defining feature of psychotic disorders. A range of factors has been shown to influence functioning, including negative symptoms, cognitive performance and cognitive reserve (CR). However, it is not clear how these variables may affect functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. This 2-year follow-up study aimed to explore the possible mediating effects of CR on the relationship between cognitive performance or specific clinical symptoms and functional outcome.

Methods

A prospective study of non-affective FEP patients was performed (211 at baseline and 139 at follow-up). CR was entered in a path analysis model as potential mediators between cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning.

Results

At baseline, the relationship between clinical variables or cognitive performance and functioning was not mediated by CR. At follow-up, the effect of attention (p= 0.003) and negative symptoms (p= 0.012) assessed at baseline on functioning was partially mediated by CR (p= 0.032 and 0.016), whereas the relationship between verbal memory (p= 0.057) and functioning was mediated by CR (p= 0.014). Verbal memory and positive and total subscales of PANSS assessed at follow-up were partially mediated by CR and the effect of working memory on functioning was totally mediated by CR.

Conclusions

Our results showed the influence of CR in mediating the relationship between cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning in FEP. In particular, CR partially mediated the relationship between some cognitive domains or clinical symptoms and functioning at follow-up. Therefore, CR could improve our understanding of the long-term functioning of patients with a non-affective FEP.
Associations Between Maternal Stress, Early Language Behaviors, and Infant Electroencephalography During the First Year of Life
Authors: PIERCE Lara J. , REILLY Emily , NELSON Charles A.
Published: September 2020

Associations have been observed between socioeconomic status (SES) and language outcomes from early childhood, but individual variability is high. Exposure to high levels of stress, often associated with low-SES status, might influence how parents and infants interact within the early language environment. Differences in these early language behaviors, and in early neurodevelopment, might underlie SES-based differences in language that emerge later on. Analysis of natural language samples from a predominantly low-/mid-income sample of mother-infant dyads, obtained using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system, found that maternal reports of exposure to stressful life events, and perceived stress, were negatively correlated with child vocalizations and conversational turns when infants were 6 and 12 months of age. Greater numbers of vocalizations and conversational turns were also associated with lower relative theta power and higher relative gamma power in 6- and 12-month baseline EEG – a pattern that might support subsequent language development.
WAR AFTER WAR: WILHELM KRELLE, 1916–2004
Authors: Düppe Till
Published: September 2020

Wilhelm Krelle (1916–2004) had two careers: one before 1945 as an officer in the German army (Wehrmacht), and a second after 1945 as an economist in West Germany. After retirement, he was honored as the economist who brought modern modeling techniques, Lawrence Klein’s macroeconometrics in particular, from the US to West Germany. After his engagement in the reform of East German economics, however, he was discredited as his early career became public. This essay reconstructs Krelle’s career in his attempt and struggle to maintain moral integrity in and between the various domains of his troubled life as officer, economist, political adviser, father, and husband.
Anxiety sensitivity, disgust sensitivity and aversive reactions to four stimuli
Authors: Winder Jessica R. , Mangen Katie H. , Martinez-Snyder Anna E. , Valentiner David P.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Prior theory and research has implicated disgust as relevant to some, but not all phobias.

Aims:

The current study examined whether anxiety sensitivity is more relevant to certain specific phobias and whether disgust sensitivity is more relevant to other specific phobias.

Method:

Participants (n = 201) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, disgust sensitivity and measures of aversive reactions in the presence of two fear-relevant stimuli (i.e. heights and small, enclosed spaces) and two disgust-relevant stimuli (i.e. spiders and blood/injury).

Results:

Results of multiple linear regression analyses revealed that disgust sensitivity showed significant associations with aversive reactions in all four stimulus domains after controlling for anxiety sensitivity. After controlling for disgust sensitivity, anxiety sensitivity showed associations with the two fear-relevant phobias but not with the two disgust-relevant phobias included in this study. Anxiety sensitivity also showed an association with variance specific to one of the two fear-relevant specific phobias included in the study. Disgust sensitivity also showed associations with variance specific to both of the disgust-relevant phobias included in the study but not with variance specific to either of the fear-relevant specific phobias.

Conclusions:

These results provide evidence that the distinction between fear-relevant and disgust-relevant specific phobias is meaningful and also implicate disgust sensitivity as relevant to aversive reactions to all stimuli included in this study.
Malnutrition in all its forms by wealth, education and ethnicity in Latin America: who are more affected?
Authors: Batis Carolina , Mazariegos Mónica , Martorell Reynaldo , Gil Angel , Rivera Juan A
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To summarise the findings from this supplemental issue on the distribution of malnutrition (stunting/short stature, anaemia and overweight) by wealth, education and ethnicity within and between ten Latin American countries.

Design:

We retrieved information from each country’s article and estimated the average difference in the prevalence of malnutrition between groups. We estimated the associations between countries’ malnutrition prevalence and GDP, percentage of women with high education and percentage of non-indigenous ethnicity.

Setting:

Nationally representative surveys from ten Latin American countries conducted between 2005 and 2017.

Participants:

Children (<5 years), adolescent women (11–19 years) and adult women (20–49 years).

Results:

Socially disadvantaged groups (low wealth, low education and indigenous ethnicity) had on average 15–21 (range across indicators and age groups) percentage points (pp) higher prevalence of stunting/short stature and 3–11 pp higher prevalence of anaemia. For overweight or obesity, adult women with low education had a 17 pp higher prevalence; differences were small among children <5 years, and results varied by country for adolescents by education, and for adults and adolescents by wealth and ethnicity. A moderate and strong correlation (–0·58 and –0·71) was only found between stunting/short stature prevalence and countries’ GDP per capita and percentage of non-indigenous households.

Conclusions:

Overweight was equally distributed among children; findings were mixed for ethnicity and wealth, whereas education was a protective factor among adult women. There is an urgent need to address the deep inequalities in undernutrition and prevent the emerging inequalities in excess weight from developing further.
A machine-learning history of English caselaw and legal ideas prior to the Industrial Revolution II: applications
Authors: Grajzl Peter , Murrell Peter
Published: September 2020

This is the second of two papers that generate and analyze quantitative estimates of the development of English caselaw and associated legal ideas before the Industrial Revolution. In the first paper, we estimated a 100-topic structural topic model, named the topics, and showed how to interpret topic-prevalence timelines. Here, we provide examples of new insights that can be gained from these estimates. We first provide a bird's-eye view, aggregating the topics into 15 themes. Procedure is the highest-prevalence theme, but by the mid-18th century attention to procedure decreases sharply, indicating solidification of court institutions. Important ideas on real-property were substantially settled by the mid-17th century and on contracts and torts by the mid-18th century. Thus, crucial elements of caselaw developed before the Industrial Revolution. We then examine the legal ideas associated with England's financial revolution. Many new legal ideas relevant to finance were well accepted before the Glorious Revolution. Finally, we examine the sources of law used in the courts. Emphasis on precedent-based reasoning increases by 1650, but diffusion was gradual, with pertinent ideas solidifying only after 1700. Ideas on statute applicability were accepted by the mid-16th century but debates on legislative intent were still occurring in 1750.
A novel institution: the Zollverein and the origins of the customs union
Authors: Ploeckl Florian
Published: September 2020

TheZollverein, the outcome of sequential negotiations between Prussia and other sovereign German states in 1834, was the first international customs union, the template for modern ones such as the European Union. This paper applies a bargaining model to analyse the logic behind the creation of this novel institutional form and the choice of sequential rather than multilateral negotiations. The existence of negative coalition externalities, the effects of new coalitions on non-participants, led the agenda setter, Prussia, to choose sequential over multilateral negotiations as that lowered the membership reservation prices of the other states involved. Institutionally, the features of a customs union structure provided a higher payoff for the agenda setter than capturing the welfare gains from the differential tariff setting in a free trade agreement, explaining the emergence of this novel institutional structure on an international scale.
Perturbation-induced high-frequency pulsing of nano-ESI with facile ion selection at atmospheric pressure
Authors: McMahon William P. , Jorabchi Kaveh
Published: September 2020

A new nano-ESI pulsing regime allows selection of ions with minimal loss of ion flux compared to continuous spray.
A method for the quantitative detection of Cas12a ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Qiao Jie , Lin Siyu , Sun Wenli , Ma Lixin , Liu Yi
Published: September 2020

We developed a method for the rapid and quantitative detection of the effective Cas12a RNPs by the combined use of anti-CRISPR protein AcrVA1 and stem-loop RT-qPCR, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fM.
Two-photon photodynamic ablation of tumour cells using an RGD peptide-conjugated ruthenium(ii) photosensitiser
Authors: Zhao Zizhuo , Qiu Kangqiang , Liu Jiangping , Hao Xiaojuan , Wang Jinquan
Published: September 2020

An RGD-peptide conjugated ruthenium(ii) complex was developed as a two-photon absorption (TPA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for ablating tumour cells.
In vitrobioaccessibility of fish oil-loaded hollow solid lipid micro- and nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Junsi , Ciftci Ozan N.
Published: September 2020

Bioaccessibility of EPA and DHA was improved from 9.7 to 18.2%viafirst-of-their-kind fish oil-loaded hollow solid lipid micro and -nanoparticles formed by supercritical CO2.
Anaerobic fermentation of hybrid Pennisetum mixed with fruit and vegetable wastes to produce volatile fatty acids
Authors: Xing Tao , Yu Shutai , Zhen Feng , Kong Xiaoying , Sun Yongming
Published: September 2020

pH and co-digestion conditions were applied for optimal VFA production from hybrid Pennisetum (HP) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW).
NMR-based quantitative studies of the conformational equilibrium between their square and folded forms of ascidiacyclamide and its analogues
Authors: Asano Akiko , Minoura Katsuhiko , Kojima Yuki , Yoshii Taishi , Ito Ryoya , Yamada Takeshi , Kato Takuma , Doi Mitsunobu
Published: September 2020

The estimated thermodynamic parameters by NMR-based experiments allowed for a detailed discussion of the conformational equilibrium of ascidiacyclamide.
Collapse and cavitation during the drying of water-saturated PDMS sponges with closed porosity
Authors: Nguyen Phu Tuan Anh , Vandamme Matthieu , Kovalenko Artem
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate pore size-dependent and cooperative cavitation phenomena during the drying of soft elastomers with closed water-saturated porosity.
The Northern Extragalactic WISE × Pan-STARRS (NEWS) catalogue
Authors: Khramtsov Vladislav , Akhmetov Volodymyr , Fedorov Peter
Published: September 2020

This study involves two photometric catalogues, AllWISE and Pan-STARRS Data Release 1, which were cross-matched to identify extragalactic objects among the common sources of these catalogues. To separate galaxies and quasars from stars, we created a machine-learning model that is trained on photometric (in fact, colour-based) information from the optical and infrared wavelength ranges. The model is based on three important procedures: the construction of the autoencoder artificial neural network, separation of galaxies and quasars from stars with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and cleaning of the AllWISE × PS1 sample to remove sources with abnormal colour indices using a one-class SVM. As a training sample, we employed a set of spectroscopically confirmed sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14. Having applied the classification model to the data of crossing the AllWISE and Pan-STARRS DR1 samples, we created the Northern Extragalactic WISE × Pan-STARRS (NEWS) catalogue, containing 40 million extragalactic objects and covering 3/4 of celestial sphere up tog = 23m. Several independent classification quality tests, namely, the astrometric test along with others based on the use of data from spectroscopic surveys show similar results and indicate a high purity (∼98.0%) and completeness (> 98%) for the NEWS catalogue within the magnitude range of 19.0m <  g <  22.5m. The classification quality still retains quite acceptable levels of 70% for purity and 97% for completeness for the brightest and faintest objects from this magnitude range. In addition, validation with external data sets has demonstrated the need for using only those sources in the NEWS catalogue that are outside the zone with the enhanced extinction. We show that the number of quasars from the NEWS catalogue identified inGaiaDR2 exceeds the number of quasars previously identified inGaiaDR2 with the use of the AllWISEAGN catalogue. These quasars may be used in future as an additional sample for testing and anchoring theGaiaCelestial Reference Frame.
Emergency Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Abdul Azeez Mohammed Maan , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , García-Ballestas Ezequiel , Bustos-Salazar Diego , Satyarthee Guru Dutta , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2020

Spinal cord trauma constitutes one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in young adults around the world, with an estimated 2 to 3 new cases for every 100,000 population. Road traffic accidents, falls from high heights, sports injuries, and violent actions are common causes of spinal cord injuries. There is no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of spinal cord traumatic injuries; however, the rational use of conventional radiologic test, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow to identify almost all clinically relevant injuries. MRI is recommended according to surgeon’s criteria, who after evaluating the specific characteristics of the injury will determine its usefulness. Therapeutic strategies need to be directed to maintain airway, breathing and circulation, maintenance of mean arterial pressure prevention of hypotension, and assessment of other associated injuries. Intensive treatment must be focused on the prevention and management of ventilatory and cardiovascular abnormalities related to muscle weakness and loss of autonomic innervation.
Correlation of Initial Computed Tomography Findings with Outcomes of Patients with Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Choudhary Ajay , Kaushik Kaviraj , Bhaskar Surya Narayanan , Gupta Laxmi Narayan , Sharma Rajesh , Varshney Rahul
Published: September 2020

Introduction In modern emergency service systems, patients are often treated with sedation, intubation, and ventilation at the accident site. But neurosurgical assessment before all these emergency services is important. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the relationships between various parameters of initial CT scan findings and the outcomes of the patients.

Methodology A total of 56 adult patients of traumatic acute subdural hematoma (SDH) whose computed tomography (CT) scan was performed within 8 hours of injury were recruited. The patients with prolonged hypotension, open head injury or depressed skull fracture, bilateral side acute SDH, or contusions/hematoma/extradural hematoma on the contralateral side were excluded. Six separate CT findings were analyzed and recorded, including hematoma, midline shift, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), presence of basal cistern obliteration (BCO), intraparenchymal hematoma/contusion in the same hemisphere, and presence of effacement of the sulcal spaces, and were followed up for three months for outcome analysis.

Results The overall mortality and functional recovery rate were 27 and 50%, respectively. The patients with obliterated basal cisterns and the presence of underlying SAH in patients with acute SDH had statistically significant poorer outcomes as compared with others. However, the extent of midline shift, SDH thickness, and the presence of underlying contusions and sulcal effacement on initial CT scan showed no statistically significant correlation with patients’ outcomes.

Conclusions BCO and presence of subarchnoid hemorrhage underlying acute SDH on the earliest scan in head injury patients signify the severity of brain parenchymal injury. Along with the initial Glasgow Coma Scale score after resuscitation, these two factors should be considered as the most significant ones for predicting the outcomes in traumatic acute SDH patients.
Afferent Baroreflex Dysfunction: Decreased or Excessive Signaling Results in Distinct Phenotypes
Authors: Norcliffe-Kaufmann Lucy , Millar Vernetti Patricio , Palma Jose-Alberto , Balgobin Bhumika J. , Kaufmann Horacio
Published: September 2020

Head and neck tumors can affect afferent baroreceptor neurons and either interrupt or intermittently increase their signaling, causing blood pressure to become erratic. When the afferent fibers of the baroreflex are injured by surgery or radiotherapy or fail to develop as in familial dysautonomia, their sensory information is no longer present to regulate arterial blood pressure, resulting in afferent baroreflex failure. When the baroreflex afferents are abnormally activated, such as by paragangliomas in the neck, presumably by direct compression, they trigger acute hypotension and bradycardia and frequently syncope, by a mechanism similar to the carotid sinus syndrome. We describe our observations in a large series of 23 patients with afferent baroreflex dysfunction and the cardiovascular autonomic features that arise when the sensory baroreceptor neurons are injured or compressed. The management of afferent baroreceptor dysfunction is limited, but pharmacological strategies can mitigate blood pressure swings, improve symptoms, and may reduce hypertensive organ damage. Although rare, the prevalence of afferent baroreflex dysfunction appears to be increasing in middle-aged men due to human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal cancer.
Recombinant Thrombomodulin in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Stage IV Solid Tumors: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Kohei , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Yamakawa Kazuma , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: September 2020

Objective The terminal stage of solid tumors sometimes induces disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); however, no useful therapeutic strategies have been established. This study investigated the relationship between mortality and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) therapy for patients with DIC associated with stage IV solid tumors using a large nationwide inpatient database.

Methods Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Inpatient Database, patients with stage IV solid tumors who developed DIC were identified. Those who received rTM within 3 days of admission were included in the treatment group; the remaining were included in the control group. The primary outcome was the 28-day in-hospital mortality.

Results Of 25,299 eligible patients, 1 to 4 propensity score matching was used to select 1,979 rTM users and 7,916 nonusers. There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality (control vs. rTM: 37.4% vs. 34.3%; hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.04) and critical bleeding rate (control vs. rTM: 3.7% vs. 3.8%; odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.75–1.42) between groups. Subgroup analyses showed that the 28-day mortality rate among patients with colorectal and gynecological cancer was significantly lower in the rTM than in the control group (p for interaction 0.033 and 0.010, respectively).

Conclusion Although we identified a possibly beneficial association between rTM administration and mortality in specific populations of patients with colorectal and gynecological cancer, no such association was found when considering the entire cohort of patients with DIC associated with stage IV solid tumors.
Considerations for Designing EHR-Embedded Clinical Decision Support Systems for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Ozkaynak Mustafa , Metcalf Noel , Cohen Daniel M. , May Larissa S. , Dayan Peter S. , Mistry Rakesh D.
Published: September 2020

Objective This study was aimed to explore the intersection between organizational environment, workflow, and technology in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) and how these factors impact antibiotic prescribing decisions.

Methods Semistructured interviews with 17 providers (1 fellow and 16 attending faculty), and observations of 21 providers (1 physician assistant, 5 residents, 3 fellows, and 12 attendings) were conducted at three EDs in the United States. We analyzed interview transcripts and observation notes using thematic analysis.

Results Seven themes relating to antibiotic prescribing decisions emerged as follows: (1) professional judgement, (2) cognition as a critical individual resource, (3) decision support as a critical organizational resource, (4) patient management with imperfect information, (5) information-seeking as a primary task, (6) time management, and (7) broad process boundaries of antibiotic prescribing.

Discussion The emerging interrelated themes identified in this study can be used as a blueprint to design, implement, and evaluate clinical decision support (CDS) systems that support antibiotic prescribing in EDs. The process boundaries of antibiotic prescribing are broader than the current boundaries covered by existing CDS systems. Incongruities between process boundaries and CDS can under-support clinicians and lead to suboptimal decisions. We identified two incongruities: (1) the lack of acknowledgment that the process boundaries go beyond the physical boundaries of the ED and (2) the lack of integration of information sources (e.g., accessibility to prior cultures on an individual patient outside of the organization).

Conclusion Significant opportunities exist to improve appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing by considering process boundaries in the design, implementation, and evaluation of CDS systems.
Measuring Outcomes in Knee Articular Cartilage Pathology
Authors: Oak Sameer R. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: September 2020

Measuring outcomes following treatment of knee articular cartilage lesions is crucial to determine the natural history of disease and the efficacy of treatments. Outcome assessments for articular cartilage treatments can be clinical (based on failure, lack of healing, reoperation, need for arthroplasty), radiographic (X-ray, MRI), histologic, or patient reported and functional. The purpose of this review is to discuss the application and properties of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with a focus on articular cartilage injuries and surgery in the knee. The most frequently used and validated PROs for knee articular cartilage studies include: the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, and Lysholm score as knee-specific measures; the Marx Activity Rating Scale and Tegner Activity Scale as activity measures; and EQ-5D and SF-36/12 as generic quality-of-life measures. Incorporating these validated PROs in studies pertaining to knee articular cartilage lesions will allow researchers to fully capture clinically relevant outcomes that are most important to patients.
Poor Outcome of Above-Knee Amputation after Septic Failure of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Böhle Sabrina , Rohe Sebastian , Kirschberg Julia , Brinkmann Olaf , Seeger Jörn , Zippelius Timo , Matziolis Georg , Röhner Eric
Published: September 2020

Persistent periprosthetic infection following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most dreaded complications of orthopaedic surgery. Treatment strategies include arthrodesis of the knee joint, stable fistula, long-lasting antibiotic therapy, or above-knee amputation. The advantage of amputation in comparison to other treatment options is the possible cure of infection, because the source of infection is removed and no foreign material left in situ. The aim of the study is to examine whether a septic amputation of the femur in case of persistent periprosthetic infection at the knee joint leads to the healing of the patient. Moreover, the physical and mental state should be evaluated. All patients with above-knee amputation because of periprosthetic joint infection after primary total knee arthroplasty between 2016 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. A questionnaire with the clinical scores visual analog scale, modified Lysholm, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and 36-Item Short Form Survey has been designed. In addition, all characteristics and perioperative data were documented. Eleven patients were included in the study. One patient died after above-knee amputation; all other patients live with a marked impairment of quality of life but with absence of the infection of the leg. Two out of ten are able to walk regularly with an exoprosthesis with forearm crutches, 50% are in a wheelchair, while 30% are bedridden. Patients with above-knee amputation after persistent periprosthetic infections were free of infection and without signs of inflammation. However, this is associated with worse mobility and high mortality rate.
How does boiling occur in lattice Boltzmann simulations?
Authors: Li Q. , Yu Y. , Wen Z. X.
Published: September 2020

The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been employed to simulate boiling phenomena in recent years. However, a very important issue still remains open, i.e., how does boiling occur in the LB simulations? For instance, the existing LB studies showed that the boiling on a hydrophobic surface begins at a lower wall superheat than that on a hydrophilic surface, which qualitatively agrees well with experimental studies, but no one has yet explained how this phenomenon appears in the LB simulations and what happened in the simulations after changing the wettability of the heating surface. In this paper, the LB boiling mechanism is revealed by analyzing boiling on a flat surface with mixed wettability and boiling on a structured surface with homogeneous wettability. Through a theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that, when the same wall superheat is applied, in the LB boiling simulations, the fluid density near the heating surface decreases faster on a hydrophobic surface than that on a hydrophilic surface. Accordingly, a lower wall superheat can induce the phase transition from liquid to vapor on a hydrophobic surface than that on a hydrophilic surface. Furthermore, a similar theoretical analysis shows that the fluid density decreases fastest at concave corners in the case of a structured surface with homogeneous wettability, which explains why vapor bubbles are nucleated at concave corners in boiling on structured surfaces.
The meaning of time-resolved Thomson scattering spectrum output from a grating spectrometer
Authors: Zheng Jian , Liu Yao-Yuan
Published: September 2020

Time-resolved spectra are often recorded in optical Thomson scattering experiments of laser-produced plasmas. In this article, the meaning of time-resolved spectrum output from a grating spectrometer is examined. Our results show that the recorded signal is indeed a convolution of the response function of the dispersion element and the product of the instant local dynamic form factor and electron density when the plasma evolves slowly; the plasma varies very little in the time duration of the scattering light passing through the scattering volume.
Charge carrier spatial distribution effects in photomodulated reflectivity of 4H-SiC and GaN
Authors: Ryland Elizabeth S. , Ratchford Daniel C. , Breslin Vanessa M. , Davidson Roderick B. , Owrutsky Jeffrey C. , Dunkelberger Adam D.
Published: September 2020

Photoinjecting free carriers into polar semiconductors can drastically modify the infrared (IR) optical properties of the material via coupling of the longitudinal optical phonon to the free-carrier plasma. We report a detailed description of how the IR response depends on the distribution of free carriers, which, in turn, depends on the penetration depth of the excitation. The three-dimensional spatial overlap of this distribution with a probe pulse dictates the IR response. We measure transient infrared reflectivity in the reststrahlen band region of 4H-SiC and GaN using multiple excitation wavelengths in order to show the effect of carrier spatial distributions. The sensitivity of the IR response to the carrier distribution can potentially offer an avenue for tuning that response in devices.
Site-selection criteria for the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Amann Florian , Bonsignorio Fabio , Bulik Tomasz , Bulten Henk Jan , Cuccuru Stefano , Dassargues Alain , DeSalvo Riccardo , Fenyvesi Edit , Fidecaro Francesco , Fiori Irene , Giunchi Carlo , Grado Aniello , Harms Jan , Koley Soumen , Kovács László , Losurdo Giovanni , Mandic Vuk , Meyers Patrick , Naticchioni Luca , Nguyen Frédéric , Oggiano Giacomo , Olivieri Marco , Paoletti Federico , Paoli Andrea , Plastino Wolfango , Razzano Massimiliano , Ruggi Paolo , Saccorotti Gilberto , Sintes Alicia M. , Somlai László , Ván Peter , Vasúth Matyas
Published: September 2020

The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed next-generation, underground gravitational-wave detector to be based in Europe. It will provide about an order of magnitude sensitivity increase with respect to the currently operating detectors and, also extend the observation band targeting frequencies as low as 3 Hz. One of the first decisions that needs to be made is about the future ET site following an in-depth site characterization. Site evaluation and selection is a complicated process, which takes into account science, financial, political, and socio-economic criteria. In this paper, we provide an overview of the site-selection criteria for ET, provide a formalism to evaluate the direct impact of environmental noise on ET sensitivity, and outline the necessary elements of a site-characterization campaign.
Effect of particle adsorption on the eigenfrequencies of nano-mechanical resonators
Authors: Ruz J. J. , Malvar O. , Gil-Santos E. , Calleja M. , Tamayo J.
Published: September 2020

In the last two decades, nano-mechanical resonators have risen as highly promising devices for mass sensing due to their ultrahigh sensitivity. They can be used to measure the mass and stiffness of single particles like small pollution particles, viruses, bacteria, or even proteins. These capabilities of the nano-mechanical resonators have allowed the birth of a new type of mass spectrometry with no need of fragmentation or ionization of the sample and therefore ideal to measure big masses, where conventional mass spectrometers have important problems. The shape and modes of vibration of a nano-mechanical resonator can be very different and the advantages and drawbacks of one respect to another is still a hot topic. A unified theoretical framework to describe the effect of particle adsorption on a mechanical resonator is fundamental but still lacks in the literature. In this work, we present such a framework and examine the particular case of a rod-like particle adsorbed on a cantilever beam for flexural and torsional vibrations as well as on a disk resonator for radial breathing vibrations and compare the results with finite element simulations.
What services should be guaranteed in universal health-care systems?
Authors: Adja Kadjo Yves Cedric , Golinelli Davide
Published: September 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of public, universal and equal access health-care, and reminded us that challenges are always incumbent for health-care systems. Because accessible and universal health-care systems will be critical into the future, it will be crucial to earmark adequate resources, fostering the financing of sectors that for many years have been neglected such as primary care and public health, and investments in new models of care and in health-related workforce.
Records of RNA locations in living yeast revealed through covalent marks
Authors: Medina-Munoz Hugo C. , Lapointe Christopher P. , Porter Douglas F. , Wickens Marvin
Published: September 2020

Significance

RNAs move within cells and often reside at specific locations. The need to detect those movements and locales across the transcriptome is pressing. We report an approach in living cells that provides a record of localization across the entire collection of RNAs a cell contains. It relies on covalently marking the RNA when it directly encounters a specific site. Using this approach, we identify a conserved battery of RNAs that are identified at more than one location in yeast and human cells, noncanonical modes of localization, and RNAs undergoing processing or surveillance at discrete subcellular locations. Our findings provide an entrée to the histories of individual RNA molecules through covalent marks.
Structure–function studies of Rgg binding to pheromones and target promoters reveal a model of transcription factor interplay
Authors: Capodagli Glenn C. , Tylor Kaitlyn M. , Kaelber Jason T. , Petrou Vasileios I. , Federle Michael J. , Neiditch Matthew B.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Secreted peptide pheromones regulate critical biological processes in gram-positive bacteria. In streptococci such as the human pathogen
Streptococcus pyogenes
, oligopeptide pheromones, like short hydrophobic peptides (SHPs), regulate virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. SHPs directly regulate the activity of transcription factors called Rgg2 and Rgg3. We present the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Rgg3 in complex with SHP3, as well as X-ray crystal structures of Rgg2 bound to target promoter DNA, Rgg3 bound to target promoter DNA, and Rgg3 alone. Based on the cryo-EM, X-ray crystallographic, biochemical, and genetic studies presented here, we provide detailed mechanistic insight into the molecular basis of Rgg3–SHP3, Rgg2–DNA, and Rgg3–DNA binding specificity, and a model of transcription factor regulatory interplay.
Dynamic structural order of a low-complexity domain facilitates assembly of intermediate filaments
Authors: Sysoev Vasiliy O. , Kato Masato , Sutherland Lillian , Hu Rong , McKnight Steven L. , Murray Dylan T.
Published: September 2020

Significance

The main point of our manuscript is focused on the structure of the low-complexity (LC) domain of the Tm1-I/C intermediate filament protein in the context of assembled intermediate filaments. We found that the LC tail domain of Tm1-I/C exists in precisely the same cross-β conformation within its proper biologic assembly as it does in labile, amyloid-like polymers made from the tail domain alone. This science represents a conceptually distinct advance that may form the cornerstone understanding of how the thousands of LC domains expressed in eukaryotic cells operate in a mechanistic sense, and stands in conflict with previous research claiming that LC domains function in the absence of molecular structure.
Emerging algebraic growth trends in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic data
Authors: Bod’ová Katarína , Kollár Richard
Published: September 2020

We study the reported data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak in January–May 2020 in 119 countries. We observe that the time series of active cases in individual countries (the difference of the total number of confirmed infections and the sum of the total number of reported deaths and recovered cases) display a strong agreement with algebraic growth and at a later epidemic stage also with a combined algebraic growth with exponential decay. Our results are also formulated in terms of compartment-type mathematical models of epidemics. Within these models the universal scaling characterizing the observed regime in an advanced epidemic stage can be interpreted as an algebraic decay of the relative reproduction number R
0 as T

M
/t, where T

M
is a constant and t is the duration of the epidemic outbreak. We show how our findings can be applied to improve predictions of the reported pandemic data and estimate some epidemic parameters. Note that although the model shows a good agreement with the reported data, we do not make any claims about the real size of the pandemic, as the relationship of the observed reported data to the total number of individuals infected in the population is still unknown.
‘When’ and ‘what’ did you see? A novel fMRI-based visual decoding framework
Authors: Wang Chong , Yan Hongmei , Huang Wei , Li Jiyi , Yang Jiale , Li Rong , Zhang Leiyao , Li Liang , Zhang Jiang , Zuo Zhentao , Chen Huafu
Published: September 2020

Objective. Visual perception decoding plays an important role in understanding our visual systems. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have made great advances in predicting the visual content of the single stimulus from the evoked response. In this work, we proposed a novel framework to extend previous works by simultaneously decoding the temporal and category information of visual stimuli from fMRI activities. Approach. 3 T fMRI data of five volunteers were acquired while they were viewing five categories of natural images with random presentation intervals. For each subject, we trained two classification-based decoding modules that were used to identify the occurrence time and semantic categories of the visual stimuli. In each module, we adopted recurrent neural network (RNN), which has proven to be highly effective for learning nonlinear representations from sequential data, for the analysis of the temporal dynamics of fMRI activity patterns. Finally, we integrated the two modules into a complete framework. Main results. The proposed framework shows promising decoding performance. The average decoding accuracy across five subjects was over 19 times the chance level. Moreover, we compared the decoding performance of the early visual cortex (eVC) and the high-level visual cortex (hVC). The comparison results indicated that both eVC and hVC participated in processing visual stimuli, but the semantic information of the visual stimuli was mainly represented in hVC. Significance. The proposed framework advances the decoding of visual experiences and facilitates a better understanding of our visual functions.