bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy‐aware resource management in fog computing for IoT applications: A review, taxonomy, and future directions
Authors: Hashemi Sayed Mohsen , Sahafi Amir , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Bohlouli Mahdi
Published: October 2023

The energy demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications is increasing with a rise in IoT devices. Rising costs and energy demands can cause serious problems. Fog computing (FC) has recently emerged as a model for location‐aware tasks, data processing, fast computing, and energy consumption reduction. The Fog computing model assists cloud computing in fast processing at the network's edge, which also exerts a vital role in cloud computing. Due to the fast computing in fog servers, different quality of service (QoS) approaches have been proposed in various sections of the fog system, and several quality factors have been considered in this regard. Despite the significance of QoS in Fog computing, no extensive study has focused on QoS and energy consumption methods in this area. Therefore, this article investigates previous research on the use and guarantee of Fog computing. This article reviews six general approaches that discuss the published articles between 2015 and late May 2023. The focal point of this paper is evaluating Fog computing and the energy consumption strategy. This article further shows the advantages, disadvantages, tools, types of evaluation, and quality factors according to the selected approaches. Based on the reviewed studies, some open issues and challenges in Fog computing energy consumption management are suggested for further study.
Estimating the genetic diversity and potential influence of habitat segregation in Channel Catfish
Authors: Janzen Francesco H. , Blouin-Demers Gabriel
Published: October 2023

Objective

Individual habitat preference can reduce intraspecific competition for resources and may differ between age groups, sexes, and adult phenotypes. The Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a widespread species occurring in diverse freshwater habitats. This species displays breeding philopatry, returning to nesting sites occupied in previous years. Larger Channel Catfish tend to nest in the main channels of large rivers, whereas smaller fish tend to prefer smaller tributaries. The purpose of our study was to determine whether this habitat segregation potentially associated with habitat preference affects the genetic structure of a population. We hypothesized that spatial segregation of breeding sites in the Ottawa River and its smaller tributaries at Lac des Chats reduced gene flow within the population, resulting in genetically differentiated demes associated with lacustrine-like and fluvial habitats.

Methods

Microsatellite allelic data was collected from 162 Channel Catfish.

Result

We found little genetic variation between the Ottawa, Mississippi, and Madawaska rivers. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that the sampled specimens comprised one panmictic population. Fish from one site in the Ottawa River, however, were significantly differentiated from fish from a nearby site also in the Ottawa River as well as from fish from the Mississippi River tributary.

Conclusion

Given that fish from sites further up the Ottawa River were not differentiated from fish from these sites, it is unlikely that geography can account for the differences observed; rather, assortative mating may explain the differentiation. We propose that panmixia within the population is caused by ontogenetic changes in habitat selection, straying individuals, or sex-biased dispersal and philopatry.
Colonization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria increases risk of surgical site infection after hemorrhoidectomy: a cross-sectional study of two centers in southern China
Authors: Li Jian-guo , Gao Li-lian , Wang Cun-chuan , Tu Jia-min , Chen Wen-hui , Wu Xiang-lin , Wu Jin-xia
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The present study aims to determine the rectoanal colonization rate and risk factors for the colonization of present multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRBs). In addition, the relationship between MDRB colonization and surgical site infection (SSI) following hemorrhoidectomy was explored.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of two hospitals. Patients with hemorrhoid disease, who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, were included. The pre-surgical screening of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) colonization was performed using rectal swabs on the day of admission. Then, the MDRB colonization rate was determined through the rectal swab. Logistic regression models were established to determine the risk factors for MDRB colonization and SSI after hemorrhoidectomy. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 432 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the MDRB colonization prevalence was 21.06% (91/432). The independent risk factors for MDRB colonization were as follows: patients who received ≥ 2 categories of antibiotic treatment within 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 3.714, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.436–9.605, p = 0.007), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; OR: 6.746, 95% CI: 2.361–19.608, p < 0.001), and patients with high serum uric acid (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001–1.010, p = 0.017). Furthermore, 41.57% (37/89) of MDRB carriers and 1.81% (6/332) of non-carriers developed SSIs, with a total incidence of 10.21% (43/421). Based on the multivariable model, the rectoanal colonization of MDRBs (OR: 32.087, 95% CI: 12.052–85.424, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin < 100 g/L (OR: 4.130, 95% CI: 1.556–10.960, p = 0.004) were independently associated with SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.

Conclusion

The rectoanal colonization rate of MDRBs in hemorrhoid patients is high, and this was identified as an independent risk factor for SSI after hemorrhoidectomy.
Comparative Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors: Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Anheier Helmut K.
Published: October 2023

While comparative research on nonprofit organizations has made much progress since the launch of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project in 1990, there now seems to be a loss of momentum. Some of the reasons for this have to do with aspects of definition, classification, and aggregation that can be corrected. The main issue, however, is the lack of progress in advancing comparative nonprofit sector theories beyond the social origins theory. To remedy this, the essay proposes four ways forward as part of a new research agenda.
Effect of Solution Heat-Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance of Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Tabata Chihiro , Osada Toshio , Yokokawa Tadaharu , Ikeda Ayako , Kawagishi Kyoko , Suzuki Shinsuke
Published: October 2023

To clarify the effect of solution heat-treatment on the oxidation resistance of Ni-base single-crystal superalloy TMS-238, the evaluation of dendrite/inter-dendrite segregation of alloying elements in the as-cast and heat-treated samples, and its effect on cyclic oxidation resistance were investigated. Cyclic oxidation test results at 1100 °C for up to 150 cycles clearly showed that the as-cast samples with element segregations had lower oxidation resistance compared to heat-treated samples with homogeneous structure. Further, for the as-cast sample, rapid growth and spallation of oxide consisting of NiO, Cr2O3, and Al2O3 were observed around the dendrite core for 10 cycles of oxidation. Analysis of sub-surface on sample isothermally oxidized at 1100 °C for 10 minutes showed that rapid oxide growth is due to the formation of discontinuous Al2O3 layer at dendrite core with lower Al concentration. Furthermore, in this study, the threshold value of Al concentration and Gibbs energy for the formation of continuous Al2O3 layer were estimated and determined to be around 5.2 wt pct and − 556.6 ± 0.5 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicated that the solution heat-treatment for TMS-238 should be conducted above 1305 °C for exhibiting oxidation resistance at 1100 °C, to meet the threshold value within the whole region between dendrite and inter-dendrite.
Glazing of 3D-Printed Silica to Reduce Surface Roughness and Permeability
Authors: Åkerfeldt Erika , Thornell Greger
Published: October 2023

The advantages that 3D printing brings to the development and production of customized structures make it suitable for use in the space industry, since spacecraft components are rarely produced in large series. This work explores the use of stereolithography printing of a silica resin for microfluidic applications, in particular small-scale microthrusters, where an impermeable high-temperature material with a smooth surface is required. The printing accuracy, firing shrinkage, surface roughness and permeability of 3D-printed ceramic samples were investigated. Furthermore, glazing of the ceramic material with a stoneware glaze was performed and evaluated with respect to its effect on surface roughness and gas permeability. Open microchannels with diameter down to 250 µm were obtained. However, the accuracy was poor. Surface roughness (Sa) of the unglazed material was between 2.4 and 20 µm in green state and 4.2-16 µm after firing, depending on the layer thickness and printing angle of the sample. Half of the unglazed samples were permeable, owing to porous areas at the interfaces between the printed layers. Two glazing methods were investigated: dip coating and airbrushing. For the latter, two amounts of coatings were explored. Dip coating and airbrushing with the larger amount of coatings resulted in uniform and smooth glaze layers. The smoothest surfaces, with Sa less than 0.2 µm, were obtained using airbrushing. Glazing made all samples impermeable, no matter the method used. Finally, the potential of the material in the suggested application was demonstrated through operation of a printed and glazed microthruster nozzle.
MiR-1a-3p Inhibits Apoptosis in Fluoride-exposed LS8 Cells by Targeting Map3k1
Authors: Chen Ting , Gu Yu , Bai Guo-Hui , Liu Xia , Chen Bin , Fan Qin , Liu Jian-Guo , Tian Yuan
Published: October 2023

Dental fluorosis is a common chemical disease. It is currently unclear how fluorosis occurs at the molecular level. We used miRNA-seq to look at the differences between miRNAs in the cell line of ameloblasts LS8 that had been treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF. We also performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. miR-1a-3p levels were significantly lower in mouse LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF, and miR-1a-3p-targeted genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK pathway. LS8 cells were divided into four groups: control, NaF, NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics, and NaF+miR-1a-3p mimics normal control groups. Cellular morphology was observed by an inverted microscope, and the proliferation activity of LS8 cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), transcription levels of miR-1a-3p and Map3k1 were detected. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Map3k1, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot. After bioinformatics analysis, we used a luciferase reporter assay (LRA) to validate the target of miR-1a-3p, showing that miR-1a-3p could inhibit apoptosis while increasing proliferation in fluoride-exposed LS8 cells. Generally, miR-1a-3p might directly inhibit Map3k1, reduce MAPK signal pathway activation, and promote phosphorylation. Thus, our findings revealed that the interaction of miR-1a-3p with its target gene Map3k1 and MAPK signal pathway might decrease the apoptosis of LS8 cells treated with 3.2 mmol/L NaF.
The Past in Present African Urban Mobility Systems: Towards a Mobilities Longue Durée
Authors: Morgan Njogu , Rink Bradley
Published: October 2023

Building on the notion that mobility plays a critical role in everyday urban life in Africa as elsewhere, this editorial provides an introduction to the special collection ‘The Past in Present African Urban Mobility Systems’. As we introduce the papers in this collection, we argue for an understanding of contemporary urban mobility systems that account for their historical roots. While historians of African transport have provided insights into the origins of mobility systems on the continent, we wish to animate the contemporary experience of those systems, advocating for a mobilitieslongue durée.
Shorebird Abundance is Associated with Nutritional Quality of Intertidal Biofilm on the Fraser River Estuary
Authors: Drever Mark C. , Mogle Matthew J. , Douglas Tristan J. , Flemming Scott A. , Hamilton Diana J. , Liefer Justin D. , Elner Robert W.
Published: October 2023

Dense congregations of shorebirds forage on tidal flats during long-distance migration, and their abundance is presumed to mirror the underlying ecological conditions. We quantified the nutritional content of intertidal biofilm (a thin layer of microalgae, bacteria, and other microorganisms embedded in a mucilaginous matrix that sits on the surface of tidal flats) to assess whether biofilm biomass, macronutrient content (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate), or both, provide a measure of habitat quality for migrating shorebirds. We compared shorebird use, biofilm biomass, macronutrient content, and stable isotope signatures at two mudflats on the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, Canada, during summer 2020 (southward migration) and spring 2021 (northward migration). The abundances of Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and Dunlin (Calidris alpina) were consistently higher (6–100×) at Brunswick Point relative to the Iona Foreshore site during both migration periods. Biofilm biomass (chlorophyll a) was 2× higher at Brunswick Point than Iona Foreshore during southward migration, and was similar between sites during northward migration, suggesting biofilm biomass alone was not a main determinant of shorebird use of these sites. Macronutrient content (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate) in intertidal biofilm was 1.4× to 3.8× higher at Brunswick Point than Iona Foreshore during both migration periods, indicating an association between macronutrient content and shorebird use. Carbohydrate content was higher during southward migration at both tidal flats, whereas protein and lipid content at Iona Foreshore did not show significant differences between years or migration periods. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures during spring 2021 did not differ between the two sites, suggesting that nutrients had similar relative inputs from marine and freshwater sources. While our comparative study does not eliminate alternative explanations that might act concomitantly (e.g., invertebrate abundance, predation risk, and disturbance), our results are consistent with the hypothesis that small-bodied shorebirds are more abundant at sites where intertidal biofilm has high macronutrient content. The latter can vary in complex ways depending on the taxonomic composition and physiological state of the microphytobenthos. Thus, the nutritional “quality” of intertidal biofilm can serve as a useful measure for determining restoration goals for tidal flats or assessing coastal areas for development projects.
Nodular Thyroid Tissue Implantation in Breast After Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Zhu Fanshuang , Ma Zhaosheng , Wu Zenggui , Cao Feilin
Published: October 2023

Thyroid implantation after endoscopic thyroidectomy were rarely reported. In this case, we report a patient with benign thyroid tissue implantation after endoscopic thyroidectomy.
4D Flow Patterns and Relative Pressure Distribution in a Left Ventricle Model by Shake-the-Box and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Saaid Hicham , Voorneveld Jason , Claessens Tom , Westenberg Jos J. M. , de Jong Nico , Bosch Johan G. , Kenjereš Saša
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Intraventricular blood flow dynamics are associated with cardiac function. Accurate, noninvasive, and easy assessments of hemodynamic quantities (such as velocity, vortex, and pressure) could be an important addition to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. However, the complex time-varying flow brings many challenges to the existing noninvasive image-based hemodynamic assessments. The development of reliable techniques and analysis tools is essential for the application of hemodynamic biomarkers in clinical practice.

Methods

In this study, a time-resolved particle tracking method, Shake-the-Box, was applied to reconstruct the flow in a realistic left ventricle (LV) silicone model with biological valves. Based on the obtained velocity, 4D pressure field was calculated using a Poisson equation-based pressure solver. Furthermore, flow analysis by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the 4D velocity field has been performed.

Results

As a result of the Shake-the-Box algorithm, we have extracted: (i) particle positions, (ii) particle tracks, and finally, (iii) 4D velocity fields. From the latter, the temporal evolution of the 3D pressure field during the full cardiac cycle was obtained. The obtained maximal pressure difference extracted along the base-to-apex was about 2.7 mmHg, which is in good agreement with those reported in vivo. The POD analysis results showed a clear picture of different scale of vortices in the pulsatile LV flow, together with their time-varying information and corresponding kinetic energy content. To reconstruct 95% of the kinetic energy of the LV flow, only the first six POD modes would be required, leading to significant data reduction.

Conclusions

This work demonstrated Shake-the-Box is a promising technique to accurately reconstruct the left ventricle flow field in vitro. The good spatial and temporal resolutions of the velocity measurements enabled a 4D reconstruction of the pressure field in the left ventricle. The application of POD analysis showed its potential in reducing the complexity of the high-resolution left ventricle flow measurements. For future work, image analysis, multi-modality flow assessments, and the development of new flow-derived biomarkers can benefit from fast and data-reducing POD analysis.
Numerical investigation of generalized tempered-type integrodifferential equations with respect to another function
Authors: Qiu Wenlin , Nikan Omid , Avazzadeh Zakieh
Published: October 2023

This paper studies two efficient numerical methods for the generalized tempered integrodifferential equation with respect to another function. The proposed methods approximate the unknown solution through two phases. First, the backward Euler (BE) method and first-order interpolation quadrature rule are adopted to approximate the temporal derivative and generalized tempered integral term to construct a semi-discrete BE scheme. Second, the backward differentiation formula (BDF) and second-order interpolation quadrature rule are adopted to establish a semi-discrete second-order BDF (BDF2) scheme. Additionally, the stability and convergence of two semi-discrete methods are deduced in detail. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed techniques, fully discrete BE and BDF2 finite difference schemes are formulated. Subsequently, the theoretical results of two fully discrete difference schemes are presented. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and competitiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Self-compassion as a Mechanism to Facilitate the Adjustment of first-year Students to University Environments
Authors: Naidoo Pravani , Oosthuizen Maroné
Published: October 2023

Despite high enrolment rates at higher education institutions, a perturbing number of first-year university students discontinue their studies. As first-year students constitute a vulnerable group, it is important to investigate ways in which to facilitate their adjustment to university. Extant research within student populations, including first-year students, deems self-compassion to be a robust protective factor in adjustment to university. However, studies rely largely on quantitative research designs, overlooking the voices and everyday experiences of first-year students. Accordingly, this study aimed to qualitatively explore experiences and practices of self-compassion amongst first-year students when faced with the challenges of adjusting to university. To capture in-depth, rich, thick contextual data, 12 South African first-year students participated in semi-structured interviews in their first semester, while follow-up interviews were conducted with 9 participants in the second semester. Themes generated through reflexive thematic analysis highlighted the yin and yang of self-compassion as a valuable conceptual tool to understand and promote first-year students’ experiences and practices of self-compassion. Further, students’ experiences of self-compassion are more nuanced and contradictory than previous research has indicated. Lastly, receiving social support and being self-compassionate constitute reciprocal processes that students engage with in distinct ways, affecting both the depth and breadth of their experiences. Based on this research, self-compassion is vital for strengths-based mental health programmes amongst first-year students. Programmes should promote the practice of the yin and the yang of self-compassion, foster an accepting approach to experiences, and recognise the nuanced, potentially contradictory nature of self-compassion.
Application of biological assays to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a WWTP effluent in Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mlonyeni Sihle , Pereao Omoniyi , Opeolu Beatrice
Published: October 2023

Management of wastewater from diverse sources are important because effluents are discharged into the aquatic environment after treatment. In this study, the water quality of the Veldwachters River and associated ecotoxicity risks of the wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTP) effluent were evaluated. Physicochemical characterisation over four seasons and ecological risk assessment of WWTP’s effluent using aquatic organisms comprising of the producer Raphidocelis subcapitata, consumer Daphnia magna and decomposer Tetrahymena thermophila as experimental models were investigated. The crustaceans were subjected to 48 h exposure for mortality while both algae and the protozoan were exposed for growth inhibitions at 72 h and 24 h respectively. Physicochemical characteristics were within regulatory limits. Growth inhibition was observed in autumn and winter for R. subcapitata and in summer and spring for T. thermophila. Crustaceans D. magna (consumer) was classified as Class III (acute toxicity) for the effluent in all seasons. Meanwhile, the most sensitive organism in the applied battery of biotests was the protozoan T. thermophila (decomposer), demonstrating a toxic unit (TU) > 100, while R. subcapitata and D. magna demonstrated 1 TU < 10. These results showed that the effluent have potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and provided insights into the required intervention strategies for pollution reduction.

Graphical abstract
For the Sake of the Ingroup: The Double-Edged Effects of Collectivism on Workplace Unethical Behavior
Authors: Chen Chao C. , Sheldon Oliver J. , Chen Mo , Reynolds Scott J.
Published: October 2023

The existing literature provides conflicting evidence of whether a collectivistic value orientation is associated with ethical or unethical behavior. To address this confusion, we integrate collectivism theory and research with prior work on social identity, moral boundedness, group morality, and moral identity to develop a model of the double-edged effects of collectivism on employee conduct. We argue that collectivism is morally bounded depending on who the other is, and thus it inhibits employees’ motivation to engage in unethical pro-self behavior, yet strengthens their motivation to engage in unethical pro-organization behavior. We further predict that these effects are mediated by the psychological mechanism of organizational goal commitment and moderated by a person’s strength of moral identity. Results of three studies conducted in China and the United States and involving both field and experimental data offer strong support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed.
Partisan Epistemology and Misplaced Trust
Authors: Millar Boyd
Published: October 2023

The fact that each of us has significantly greater confidence in the claims of co-partisans – those belonging to groups with which we identify – explains, in large part, why so many people believe a significant amount of the misinformation they encounter. It's natural to assume that such misinformed partisan beliefs typically involve a rational failure of some kind, and philosophers and psychologists have defended various accounts of the nature of the rational failure purportedly involved. I argue that none of the standard diagnoses of the irrationality of misinformed partisan beliefs is convincing, but I also argue that we ought to reject attempts to characterize these beliefs as rational or consistent with epistemic virtue. Accordingly, I defend an alternative diagnosis of the relevant epistemic error. Specifically, I maintain that such beliefs typically result when an individual evaluating testimony assigns more weight to co-partisanship than he ought to under the circumstances, and consequently believes the testimony of co-partisans when better alternatives are available.
Inactivation and/or physical removal of Candida auris from floors by detergent cleaner, disinfectants, microfiber, and ultraviolet C light (UV-C)
Authors: Rutala William A. , Bolomey Austin C. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: October 2023

Contaminated surfaces may be a source of transmission for the globally emerging pathogen, Candida auris. Because floors may be a source of C. auris contamination on hands, strategies for inactivating or removing C. auris from floors were investigated. A sporicidal disinfectant and UV-C were most effective in inactivating C. auris on floors.
Three-dimensional buoyant hydraulic fractures: finite-volume release
Authors: Möri Andreas , Lecampion Brice
Published: October 2023

In impermeable media, a hydraulic fracture can continue expanding even without additional fluid injection if its volume exceeds the limiting volume of a hydrostatically loaded radial fracture. This limit depends on the mechanical properties of the surrounding solid and the density contrast between the fluid and the solid. We show that two dimensionless numbers characterize self-sustained fracture growth. The first is a buoyancy factor that compares the total released volume to the volume of a hydrostatically loaded radial fracture to determine whether buoyant growth occurs. The second number is the dimensionless viscosity of a radial fracture when buoyant effects become of order one. Notably, this dimensionless viscosity depends on the rate at which the fluid volume is released, indicating that both the total volume and release history impact self-sustained buoyant growth. We identify six well-defined propagation histories based on these two dimensionless numbers. Their growth evolves between distinct limiting regimes of radial and buoyant propagation, resulting in different fracture shapes. Notably, our findings reveal two growth rates depending on the dominant energy dissipation mechanism (viscous flow versus fracture creation) in the fracture head. For finite values of material toughness, the toughness-dominated limit represents a late-time solution for all fractures in growth rate and head shape (possibly reached only at a very late time). The viscosity-dominated limit can appear at intermediate times. Our three-dimensional simulations confirm the predicted scalings. This contribution highlights the importance of the entire propagation and release history for accurate analysis of buoyant hydraulic fractures.
Robustness of energy landscape control to dephasing
Authors: O’Neil Sean P. , Langbein Frank C. , Jonckheere Edmond , Shermer S.
Published: October 2023

As shown in previous work, in some cases closed quantum systems exhibit a non-conventional absence of trade-off between performance and robustness in the sense that controllers with the highest fidelity can also provide the best robustness to parameter uncertainty. As the dephasing induced by the interaction of the system with the environment guides the evolution to a more classically mixed state, it is worth investigating what effect the introduction of dephasing has on the relationship between performance and robustness. In this paper we analyze the robustness of the fidelity error, as measured by the logarithmic sensitivity function, to dephasing processes. We show that introduction of dephasing as a perturbation to the nominal unitary dynamics requires a modification of the log-sensitivity formulation used to measure robustness about an uncertain parameter with nonzero nominal value used in previous work. We consider controllers optimized for a number of target objectives ranging from fidelity under coherent evolution to fidelity under dephasing dynamics to determine the extent to which optimizing for a specific regime has desirable effects in terms of robustness. Our analysis is based on two independent computations of the log-sensitivity: a statistical Monte Carlo approach and an analytic calculation. We show that despite the different log-sensitivity calculations employed in this study, both demonstrate that the log-sensitivity of the fidelity error to dephasing results in a conventional trade-off between performance and robustness.
Counting the State: State Resistance and Federal Enumeration of Latinos 1930–1970
Authors: Jacobson Robin Dale
Published: October 2023

Between 1930 and 1980, the U.S. census bureau moved from using a Mexican as a racial category to Hispanic as an ethnicity. In between, the census bureau tried multiple ways to count Mexican Americans, Spanish Americans, or Latinos. Each measure the bureau tried ran headlong into differing subnational understandings of ethnicity, race, and Americanness. To understand Latino racial formation in this critical period, then, requires looking to the states. This paper explores the census counts in the southwest states between 1930 and 1970. Contextualizing these numbers with a history of differing state policies on language, marriage, and political inclusion reveals the importance of state-specific understandings of race and identity to understanding United States racial formation.
Tracing ofHelicobacter pyloriin the middle ear and mastoid mucosa of patients under 18 years of age with chronic otitis media (with and without cholesteatomas)
Authors: González-Eslait Francisco Javier , Blanco-Sarmiento Pedro Abel , Bejarano-Domínguez Kabethliz , Barreto José María , Ruiz-Tejada Emelina
Published: October 2023

Objective

It has been estimated that about 5 million people of those affected with otitis media have cholesteatoma, however, its pathophysiology is unclear. In this study we aimed to detectHelicobacter pylorivia polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction in young patients with chronic otitis media.

Methods

Patients included in our prospective cross-sectional study had middle-ear/mastoid inflammation and underwent surgical procedures. Middle-ear mucosa samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted forH pyloridetection by polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Sociodemographic data and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were analysed.

Results

We included 49 patients with mean age of 12.7 ± 3.8 years. Twenty per cent of the patients were diagnosed with cholesteatoma. No increase inH pylori-amplified fluorescence was observed, indicating absence ofH pylori.

Conclusion

Due to the absence of amplification forH pyloriand the fact that albumin was amplified in all samples, we conclude thatH pyloridoes not appear to be a causal factor.
‘Orthodox panentheism’ is neither orthodox nor coherent
Authors: Rooney James Dominic
Published: October 2023

Jeremiah Carey presents a version of panentheism which he attributes to Gregory Palamas, as well as other Greek patristic thinkers. The Greek tradition, he alleges, is more open to panentheistic metaphysics than the Latin. Palamas, for instance, hold that God's energies are participable, even if God's essence is not. Carey uses Palamas' metaphysics to sketch an account on which divine energies are the forms of created substances, and argues that it is open to Orthodox Christians to affirm that God is in all things as their formal cause. I argue that Carey's reading is premised on a superficial examination of the patristic literature. More importantly, Palamas' metaphysics is opposed to that of Carey, since Palamas' distinction aims to uphold the view that created persons are only contingent participants in God. On this, Palamas and the Latins are in complete accord. In conclusion, I propose that panentheistic metaphysics begins from a false dilemma.
Why the use of ideographic codes does not improve communicative skills in patients with severe aphasia?
Authors: Gainotti Guido
Published: October 2023

In his target article, Morin claims that ideographic codes are exceedingly difficult to use. In my commentary I will show that the use of Bliss symbols does not improve the communicative abilities of aphasic patients with severe language disorders. This failure to remediate communication disorders may result from disruption of inner language allowing to translate ideographic codes into spoken language.
Adaptive capacity and subsequent droughts: evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Das Utsoree , Di Falco Salvatore , Mahajan Avichal
Published: October 2023

We estimate the impact of subsequent droughts on the revenues of farmers in Ethiopia factoring in their adaptive capacity. We find that after the first drought, there is no significant difference in the revenue of the farmers who experienced a drought, as compared to those who did not. However, there is a loss in revenue after the second drought, specifically for those farmers that are endowed with less assets. This finding underscores that a rise in the frequency of extreme events and shocks can potentially have significant local distributional implications, with wealth as a major distinguishing factor.
Letter writing as the mingling of souls: remote knowledge exchange among eighteenth-century Naqshbandis
Authors: Morgan Daniel Jacobius
Published: October 2023

Historians of Islamicate intellectual practices in pre-colonial South Asia have long argued that authoritative knowledge was located in persons rather than books, and that religious texts were thus typically transmitted in the context of face-to-face meetings between teacher and student. While it has been noted that some early modern Sufi networks engaged in the remote transmission of authoritative knowledge by means of letters, with reduced emphasis on face-to-face meetings, the causes for this development are still debated.

Looking at the correspondence, theoretical treatises, and authorisations (ijāzas) produced in the circle of the celebrated eighteenth-century Naqshbandi reformer Shah Wali Allah of Delhi, this article argues that the willingness to engage in the transmission of remote knowledge was not simply a product of the changing material conditions of late-Mughal India, but rather was underwritten by emergent spiritual and psychological ideas about the nature of personhood. Because a person was not merely a material entity bounded by a corporeal (living) body, bodily proximity between two individuals was less valuable than their spiritual congruence. This congruence could be strengthened during periods of face-to-face companionship but could also be generated and maintained through letters alone. Indeed, these scholars sometimes assert the superiority of the letter over physical companionship because it allowed for a coming together of two spirits without the intrusion of the gross material body. Working within this intellectual framework, scholars in this network regularly exchanged books of all genres as well as ijāzas remotely (often over vast distances).
Food literacy and diet quality in young vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians and omnivores
Authors: Groufh-Jacobsen Synne , Larsson Christel , Van Daele Wim , Margerison Claire , Mulkerrins Isabelle , Aasland Lale Marie , Medin Anine Christine
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To investigate whether food literacy competencies and diet quality vary between 16-to-24-year-olds vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians and omnivores and to assess whether food literacy is associated with diet quality.

Design:

Cross-sectional study. Food literacy (general nutrition knowledge, critical nutrition literacy and food skills) and diet quality were measured using an electronic questionnaire.

Setting:

Southern Norway, September 2021 – March 2022.

Participants:

Healthy 16–24-year-olds (n165).

Results:

Overall, the mean general nutrition knowledge score was moderate (48·0 out of 67·0); the lowest mean score was found in omnivores and the highest in flexitarians (45·6v. 51·5) (P= 0·034). The mean score of critical nutrition literacy was also moderate (3·7 out of 5·0); vegans showed higher scores compared to other dietary practices (P= 0·018). No difference was observed in food skills between the different dietary practices. The overall median diet quality score was 46·0 out of 80·0, lowest in omnivores and highest in vegans (42·0v. 56·0) (P=< 0·001). In multivariate regression analyses, general nutrition knowledge, food skills and vegan dietary practice were significantly associated with higher diet quality.

Conclusions:

We found moderate levels of food literacy across all dietary practices. The food literacy competencies, general nutrition knowledge and food skills were associated with higher diet quality in our sample. Omnivores showed both the lowest general nutrition knowledge level and lowest diet quality scores. In contrast, both flexitarians and vegans scored highest on general nutrition knowledge and diet quality scores, despite being one of the less restrictive and one of the strictest plant-based dietary practices, respectively.
The Predicament of Practical Reason
Authors: Huber Jakob
Published: October 2023

According to Lea Ypi, Kant’s attempt in the first Critique to unify reason via the practical route fails because his notion of purposiveness as design commits him to a dogmatic metaphysics. I challenge this claim on two grounds. First, I argue that practical reason does not have an interest in a strong modal connection that guarantees the unity of freedom and nature rather than a weak modal connection that merely affirms the possibility of our ends. Second, I highlight that the epistemic status of practical ideas is one of faith or hope rather than knowledge. Hence, Kant’s attempt to unify reason via the practical route can be reconstructed in a way that is largely in line with the commitments of his critical philosophy.
Trametinib activates endogenous neurogenesis and recovers neuropathology in a model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Mi-Yeon , Kim Mi Jeong , Lee Changyeob , Lee Juwon , Kim Sang Seong , Hong Sungho , Kim Hyoung Tae , Seo Jinsoo , Yoon Ki-Jun , Han Sungho
Published: October 2023

Enhancing adult neurogenesis in the brain has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. We developed a screening platform, ATRIVIEW®, for molecules that activate neuronal differentiation of adult mouse NSCs. The most potent hit from an FDA-approved drug library was SNR1611 (trametinib), a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor. We found that trametinib increases the levels of P15INK4b and Neurog2, suggesting a mechanism by which MEK1/2 inhibition induces neuronal differentiation. Oral administration of trametinib increased adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the 5XFAD AD mouse model. Surprisingly, we also found that trametinib enhanced adult neurogenesis in the cortex. Consequently, trametinib rescued AD pathologies such as neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. Finally, trametinib induced neurogenic differentiation of NSCs derived from AD patient iPSCs, which suggests its potential therapeutic application. Altogether, we suggest that restoration of endogenous adult neurogenesis by trametinib may be a promising therapeutic approach to AD.
Optimization of the optical transparency of bones by PACT-based passive tissue clearing
Authors: Jin Byung-Ho , Woo Jiwon , Lee Mirae , Ku Seockmo , Moon Hyung Seok , Ryu Seung Jun , Hyun Young-Min , Park Jeong-Yoon , Kuh Sung Uk , Cho Yong Eun
Published: October 2023

Recent developments in tissue clearing methods such as the passive clearing technique (PACT) have allowed three-dimensional analysis of biological structures in whole, intact tissues, thereby providing a greater understanding of spatial relationships and biological circuits. Nonetheless, the issues that remain in maintaining structural integrity and preventing tissue expansion/shrinkage with rapid clearing still inhibit the wide application of these techniques in hard bone tissues, such as femurs and tibias. Here, we present an optimized PACT-based bone-clearing method, Bone-mPACT+, that protects biological structures. Bone-mPACT+ and four different decalcifying procedures were tested for their ability to improve bone tissue clearing efficiency without sacrificing optical transparency; they rendered nearly all types of bone tissues transparent. Both mouse and rat bones were nearly transparent after the clearing process. We also present a further modification, the Bone-mPACT+ Advance protocol, which is specifically optimized for processing the largest and hardest rat bones for easy clearing and imaging using established tissue clearing methods.
Integrative analysis reveals early epigenetic alterations in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Machino Hidenori , Dozen Ai , Konaka Mariko , Komatsu Masaaki , Nakamura Kohei , Ikawa Noriko , Shozu Kanto , Asada Ken , Kaneko Syuzo , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kato Tomoyasu , Nakayama Kentaro , Saloura Vassiliki , Kyo Satoru , Hamamoto Ryuji
Published: October 2023

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. To date, the profiles of gene mutations and copy number alterations in HGSOC have been well characterized. However, the patterns of epigenetic alterations and transcription factor dysregulation in HGSOC have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed integrative omics analyses of a series of stepwise HGSOC model cells originating from human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (HFTSECs) to investigate early epigenetic alterations in HGSOC tumorigenesis. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) methods were used to analyze HGSOC samples. Additionally, protein expression changes in target genes were confirmed using normal HFTSECs, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), and HGSOC tissues. Transcription factor motif analysis revealed that the DNA-binding activity of the AP-1 complex and GATA family proteins was dysregulated during early tumorigenesis. The protein expression levels of JUN and FOSL2 were increased, and those of GATA6 and DAB2 were decreased in STIC lesions, which were associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proteasome downregulation. The genomic region around the FRA16D site, containing a cadherin cluster region, was epigenetically suppressed by oncogenic signaling. Proteasome inhibition caused the upregulation of chemokine genes, which may facilitate immune evasion during HGSOC tumorigenesis. Importantly, MEK inhibitor treatment reversed these oncogenic alterations, indicating its clinical effectiveness in a subgroup of patients with HGSOC. This result suggests that MEK inhibitor therapy may be an effective treatment option for chemotherapy-resistant HGSOC.
Oncogenic KRAS mutation confers chemoresistance by upregulating SIRT1 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Jo Jeong Yeon , Choi Minyoung , Kim Kyung-Hee , Bae Young-Ki , Kim Sang Soo
Published: October 2023

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) is a frequent oncogenic driver of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The treatment and outcomes of KRAS-mutant cancers have not been dramatically revolutionized by direct KRAS-targeted therapies because of the lack of deep binding pockets for specific small molecule inhibitors. Here, we demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of the class III histone deacetylase SIRT1 were upregulated by the KRASMut-Raf-MEK-c-Myc axis in KRASMut lung cancer cells and in lung tumors of a mouse model with spontaneous KrasG12D expression. KRASMut-induced SIRT1 bound to KRASMut and stably deacetylated KRASMut at lysine 104, which increased KRASMut activity. SIRT1 knockdown (K/D) or the SIRT1H363Y mutation increased KRASMut acetylation, which decreased KRASMut activity and sensitized tumors to the anticancer effects of cisplatin and erlotinib. Furthermore, in KrasG12D/+;Sirt1co/co mice, treatment with cisplatin and erlotinib robustly reduced the tumor burden and increased survival rates compared with those in spontaneous LSL-KrasG12D/+;Sirt1+/+ mice and mice in each single-drug treatment group. Then, we identified p300 as a KRASMut acetyltransferase that reinforced KRASMut lysine 104 acetylation and robustly decreased KRASMut activity. KRASMut lysine 104 acetylation by p300 and deacetylation by SIRT1 were confirmed by LC‒MS/MS. Consistent with this finding, the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 suppressed KRASMut activity, which synergistically abolished cell proliferation and colony formation, as well as the tumor burden in KRASMut mice, when combined with cisplatin or erlotinib. Our data reveal a novel pathway critical for the regulation of KRASMut lung cancer progression and provide important evidence for the potential application of SIRT1 inhibitors and p300 activators for the combination treatment of KRASMut lung cancer patients.
Phosphocode-dependent glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 signaling in immunity, metabolism, and disease
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Hwang Jungwon , Kim Myung Hee
Published: October 2023

Ubiquitously expressed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play essential roles in decoding genetic information required for protein synthesis in every living species. Growing evidence suggests that they also function as crossover mediators of multiple biological processes required for homeostasis. In humans, eight cytoplasmic tRNA synthetases form a central machinery called the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The formation of MSCs appears to be essential for life, although the role of MSCs remains unclear. Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) is the most evolutionarily derived component within the MSC that plays a critical role in immunity and metabolism (beyond its catalytic role in translation) via stimulus-dependent phosphorylation events. This review focuses on the role of EPRS1 signaling in inflammation resolution and metabolic modulation. The involvement of EPRS1 in diseases such as cancer is also discussed.