bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) dalam beberapa jenis kotoran ternak
Authors: Putra Ramadhani Eka , Rosyad Abdul , Kinasih Ida
Published: August 2013

Lalat rumah (Musca domestica) merupakan serangga urban yang dapat berperan sebagai vector penyakit. Serangga ini umumnya menggunakan limbah organik sebagai sumber makanan bagi larvanya. Area peternakan merupakan salah satu bentuk industri yang menghasilkan limbah organic yang memiliki potensi sebagai media hidup bagi larva lalat rumah. Area peternakan di Indonesia umumnya terletak pada lokasi yang berdekatan dengan perumahan penduduk sehingga diperlukan suatu metoda untuk pengendalian populasi lalat rumah pada daerah peternakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat perkembangan dari larva lalat rumah yang hidup pada berbagai jenis kotoran ternak. Kotoran yang digunakan adalah kotoran ayam, sapi dan kuda, sedangkan untuk kontrol digunakan bekatul yang merupakan pakan standar pemeliharaan larva lalat rumah di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva yang hidup pada kotoran kuda memiliki laju perkembangan paling tinggi (5 hari), akan tetapi memiliki tingkat keberhasilan hidup larva (30%), berat pupa (6,8 ± 0,141 g), dan berat imago betina (4,9 ± 0,14 g) terendah di antara materi uji lainnya. Hal ini mengindikasikan kualitas nutrisi yang rendah pada kotoran ini. Hasil penelitian ini perlu dilanjutkan dengan penelitian pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan populasi secara langsung, seperti tingkat fekunditas lalat betina dan keberhasilan hidup telur. Dengan penambahan data-data baru pada penelitian lanjutan diharapkan metoda pengendalian populasi lalat rumah pada daerah peternakan dapat didesain dengan tepat.
Uji ketahanan galur padi terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3 melalui population build-up
Authors: Effendi Baehaki Suherlan , Munawar Dede
Published: August 2013

Uji ketahanan galur terhadap wereng coklat melalui skrining massal, uji penapisan dan population build-up sangat penting untuk pelepasan varietas tahan. Tiga tahap uji ketahanan tersebut selain untuk menentukan stabilitas ketahanan, juga untuk menentukan jenis ketahanannya. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kasa Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Indonesia pada musim tanam 2007, menggunakan wereng coklat biotipe 3 yang telah dipelihara sejak tahun 1994 pada varietas IR42 (bph2). Varietas/galur padi yang diuji penapisan sebanyak 18 aksesi yang agak tahan terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3 pada skrining massal. Hasil uji penapisan menujukkan bahwa 22,2% galur/varietas bereaksi agak tahan terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3up, yaitu galur BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B, BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B, BP2870-4e-Kn-22-2-1-5*B, dan varietas Pulut Lewok. Pada uji pupulation buid-up galur/varietas tersebut agak tahan terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3pb. Nilai indeks kehilangan funsional tanaman (functional plant loss index [FPLI]) paling rendah dimiliki oleh galur BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B dan Pulut Lewok. Indeks toleransi yang paling tinggi dimiliki oleh galur BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B dan Pulut Lewok, diikuti oleh galur BP2870-4e-Kn-22-2-1-5*B dan BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B. Indeks antibiosis Pulut Lewok paling tinggi dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan galur BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B dan indeks antibiosis paling rendah dimiliki oleh galur BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B. Varietas Pulut Lewok mempunyai pertahanan dengan antibisosis namun tidak ada toleransi terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3. Galur BP4130-1f-13-3-2*B mempunyai pertahanan dengan adanya antibiosis dan toleransi terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3. Galur BP4188-7f-1-2-2*B mempunyai pertahanan toleransi, tetapi tidak ada antibiosis terhadap wereng coklat biotipe 3.
Inteligência estratégica: desenvolvimento de uma escala para compreensão do construto
Authors: Fachinelli Ana Cristina , Paese Glacomello Cintia , Rech Jane , Locatelli Bertolini Adriana
Published: August 2013

A Inteligência Estratégica é um processo sistemático de busca, interpretação e utilização da informação, de forma a criar novas oportunidades e prever mudanças com vistas a obter vantagem competitiva sustentável (GUILHON, 2004; JAKOBIAK, 2004; LEVET, 2001; WRIGHT; CALOF, 2006). Enquanto objeto de pesquisa, mesmo sendo fundamentada em conceitos que não são novos, a inteligência ainda necessita da definição mais precisa de seus elementos para ser compreendida. Essa constatação é, de fato, o desafio que fundamentou a pesquisa descrita nesse artigo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de definir os conceitos que estão relacionados à Inteligência Estratégica {IE) e desenvolver uma escala que possa ser utilizada para avaliar o nível de percepção do fenômeno da informação e o nível de estruturação dos processos de IE nas organizações. Os procedimentos de análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória utilizados para garantir a dimensionalidade, confiabilidade e validade da escala foram desenvolvidos e a confirmação da escala foi realizada com uma amostra de 250 empresas do setor moveleiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados indicam que a escala é válida para avaliar o nível de percepção do fenômeno da informação nas organizações e o nível de estruturação dos processos de IE, sendo possível aplicá-la em avaliações individualizadas e setoriais.
Quantitative assessment of the contribution of sodium‐dependent taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide (NTCP) to the hepatic uptake of rosuvastatin, pitavastatin and fluvastatin
Authors: Bi Yi‐an , Qiu Xi , Rotter Charles J. , Kimoto Emi , Piotrowski Mary , Varma Manthena V. , EI‐Kattan Ayman F. , Lai Yurong
Published: August 2013

Hepatic uptake transport is often the rate‐determining step in the systemic clearance of drugs. The ability to predict uptake clearance and to determine the contribution of individual transporters to overall hepatic uptake is therefore critical in assessing the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability associated with drug–drug interactions and pharmacogenetics. The present study revisited the interaction of statin drugs, including pitavastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin, with the sodium‐dependent taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide (NTCP) using gene transfected cell models. In addition, the uptake clearance and the contribution of NTCP to the overall hepatic uptake were assessed using in vitro hepatocyte models. Then NTCP protein expression was measured by a targeted proteomics transporter quantification method to confirm the presence and stability of NTCP expression in suspended and cultured hepatocyte models. It was concluded that NTCP‐mediated uptake contributed significantly to active hepatic uptake in hepatocyte models for all three statins. However, the contribution of NTCP‐mediated uptake to the overall active hepatic uptake was compound‐dependent and varied from about 24% to 45%. Understanding the contribution of individual transporter proteins to the overall hepatic uptake and its functional variability when other active hepatic uptake pathways are interrupted could improve the current prediction practice used to assess the pharmacokinetic variability due to drug–drug interactions, pharmacogenetics and physiopathological conditions in humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchrotron Powder Study of Na3V(PO3)3N.
Authors: Kim Minwoong , Kim Seung‐Joo
Published: August 2013

Polycrystalline Na3V(PO3)3N is prepared by thermal nitridation of a mixture of NaPO3 and V2O5 (alumina crucible, flowing anhydrous NH3, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Fluoride Sulfides of the Lanthanoids with the Formula M6O2F8S3 (M: La—Nd, Sm, Gd).
Authors: Grossholz Hagen , Zimmermann Dirk D. , Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2013

The title compounds are synthesized from mixtures of Ln (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd), LnF3, Ln2O3 (resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Divalent Europium Borate via in situ Reductive Techniques.
Authors: Polinski Matthew J. , Cross Justin N. , Villa Eric M. , Lin Jian , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: August 2013

Eu[B8O11(OH)4], is prepared by two in situ reductive methodologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐ and 1,2‐Additions of Arylboronic Acids to Activated Ketones in Water at Room Temperature Using a Mixed Sulfur‐Olefin Ligand.
Authors: Khiar Noureddine , Valdivia Victoria , Salvador Alvaro , Chelouan Ahmed , Alcudia Ana , Fernandez Inmaculada
Published: August 2013

An efficient micellar catalytic approach for the 1,4‐addition of boronic acids to cyclic ketones (I) and lactone (IV), which permits the preparation of chiral ketones (III) and ester (V), resp., in high enantioselectivities is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to Oximes Through Reduction of Nitro Compounds Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Cai Shunyou , Zhang Shaolong , Zhao Yaohong , Wang Zhigang
Published: August 2013

Nitro compounds are smoothly reduced to their corresponding oximes under visible light irradiation in the presence of Huenig′s base, magnesium perchlorate, and a photocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure trans‐N1,N2‐Dimethylcyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine.
Authors: Shen Yan‐Hong , Ye Qing , Hou Shao‐Gang , Wang Qun
Published: August 2013

A convenient and efficient process for the synthesis of racemic trans‐cyclohexanediamine (V) and its kinetic resolution using tartaric acid is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot Three‐Component Aminomethylation of α‐Substituted Nitroacetates: Theoretical and Experimental Studies into the Rate‐Accelerating Effects of the Solvent Methanol.
Authors: Ji Cong‐Bin , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Wang Xin , Wu De‐Yin , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2013

The reaction represents the first example of the aminomethylation of both α‐alkyl and α‐aryl‐substituted nitroacetates under catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Rearrangement Metathesis of 2‐Allylbicyclo[2.2.2]octenes: A Short Entry to cis‐Hydrindenols from 2‐Methoxyphenols.
Authors: Tsao Kuo‐Wei , Devendar Badugu , Liao Chun‐Chen
Published: August 2013

Diels—Alder adducts of masked o‐benzoquinones are demethoxylated and allylated to serve as precursors for a highly efficient synthesis of the desired structural unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Diarylfluorenones by Domino “Twofold Heck/Electrocyclization/Dehydrogenation” Reactions of 2,3‐Dibromoindenone.
Authors: Akrawi Omer A. , Khan Afsar , Hussain Munawar , Mohammed Hamid H. , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: August 2013

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the construction of the important scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Sultams by Using the Vilsmeier Reagent
Authors: Zarei Maaroof , Jarrahpour Aliasghar
Published: August 2013

[via [2 + 2] cycloaddition of imines with in situ generated sulfenes].
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstitutedpyrrole‐2,5‐dicarboxylates from Hydrazones Derived from α‐Diazo Esters.
Authors: Yasui Eiko , Wada Masao , Nagumo Shinji , Takamura Norio
Published: August 2013

The reactions of the compounds (If) and (Ij) give complex mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Efficient Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsubstituted Indoles Catalyzed by Acidic Mesoporous Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Sun Nan , Hong Lingfen , Huang Fang , Ren Hong , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan
Published: August 2013

The silica‐supported sulfuric acid MCM‐41‐SO3H is an efficient and reusable catalyst for the preparation of N‐benzylindoles by an intramolecular cyclization of N‐benzyl‐2‐anilinoacetals.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Larock Indole Synthesis: Preparation of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles and Total Synthesis of Fargesine.
Authors: Shan Dong , Gao Yan , Jia Yanxing
Published: August 2013

A variety of common, medium, and large ring fused tricyclic indoles including the fargesine precursor (XIV) are prepared from o‐iodoaniline substrates under optimized conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocondensation of Arylhydrazines with 1,3‐Bis(het)arylmonothio‐1,3‐diketones and 1,3‐Bis(het)aryl‐3‐(methylthio)‐2‐propenones: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3,5‐bis(het)arylpyrazoles with Complementary Regioselectivity.
Authors: Kumar S. Vijay , Yadav Santosh K. , Raghava B. , Saraiah B. , Ila H. , Rangappa K. S. , Hazra Arpan
Published: August 2013

The unsymmetrical title compounds are selectively synthesized with complementary regioselectivity by using neutral or basic conditions leading to the pyrazole (V) or (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Mediated Diamination of Alkenes with Phenylhydrazine and Azodicarboxylates: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐Diamines from Cycloalkenes.
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Kui , Chen Yu‐Chen , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: August 2013

Different substituted pyrazole derivatives can be obtained by this three‐component one‐pot procedure starting from the corresponding β,γ‐unsaturated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Benzazole Derivatives.
Authors: Dos Santos Aurelie , El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence
Published: August 2013

A comparison of palladium‐catalyzed and metal‐free aerobic oxidations of benzimidazoles (I), benzothiazoles (III), and thiazole (V) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐(Substituted arylmethyl)‐4‐acylaminomethyloxazolidin‐2‐ones and Derivatization to Symmetrical Twin‐Drug Type Molecules.
Authors: Fujisaki Fumiko , Hiromatsu Sachi , Matsumura Yumiko , Fukami Aki , Kashige Nobuhiro , Miake Fumio , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: August 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds show antibacterial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C3‐Selective Arylation of Pyridines with Phenyl Tosylates.
Authors: Dai Fenglin , Gui Qingwen , Liu Jidan , Yang Zhiyong , Chen Xiang , Guo Ruqing , Tan Ze
Published: August 2013

While the arylation of methylated pyridines with phenyl tosylates occurs in 3‐position (e.g. Vd), naphthyl tosylates react with 4‐methyl pyridine (IVd) at the methyl group [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate as an Efficient and Green Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles
Authors: Li Yu‐Ling , Cai Gan , Liu Xiao‐Jun , Wang Kai , Du Bai‐Xiang
Published: August 2013

via a multicomponent reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 1,4‐Oxazepanes by Intramolecular Reductive Etherification.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Prasad J. V. K.
Published: August 2013

The new reductive etherification is found to be fairly general, giving access to 2‐substituted, 7‐substituted, 2,5‐disubstituted, 2,6‐disubstituted, 2,7‐disubstituted, and bicyclic oxazepanes in good yields with good diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Magnesium(II) Binaphtholates as Cooperative Broensted/Lewis Acid—Base Catalysts for the Highly Enantioselective Addition of Phosphorus Nucleophiles to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Ketones.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Horibe Takahiro , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: August 2013

By using this simple and practical title catalyst a wide range of different substituted organo‐phosphorus compounds can be obtained, which are in some cases difficult to synthesize, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Salidroside Analogues and Their Ability of DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity.
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Guo Yibing , Meng Ying , Dou SuFeng , Shao Jian , Yang YuMin
Published: August 2013

β‐D‐Galacto‐ and β‐D‐glucopyranoside derivatives [(I), (II) and (III)] are evaluated for their DPPH radical scavenging activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Pactamycin, a Complex Antitumor Antibiotic.
Authors: Malinowski Justin T. , Sharpe Robert J. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2013

Key steps of the described synthesis are an enantioselective Mannich reaction affording (III), and a symmetry‐breaking reduction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Moessbauer Spectroscopy Measurements on Lanthanide Intermetallics:A Survey
Authors: Gubbens P. C. M.
Published: August 2013

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spark Plasma Sintered NdFeB‐Based Nanocomposite Hard Magnets with Enhanced Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lupu N. , Grigoras M. , Lostun M. , Chiriac H.
Published: August 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Dendrimer‐stabilized and Dendrimer‐encapsulated Late‐transition‐metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Astruc Didier , Diallo Abdou , Ornelas Caria
Published: August 2013

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Aminophosphonates: The Bio‐Isosteric Analogues of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid.
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Nadkarni Dwayaja , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: August 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in the Nascent Nitroso‐Ene Reaction
Authors: Baidya Mahiuddin , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: August 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on 9‐Cycloheptatrienylidene Fluorenes (9‐CHFs).
Authors: Hu Binbin , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: August 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Report on Thiono[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. Their Preparation Including Microwave and Their Utilities in Fused Heterocycles Synthesis
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Ishak Esam A. , Ramadan Mohamed , Germoush Mousa O. , El‐Emary Talaat I. , Al‐Muaikel Nayef S.
Published: August 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarenes and Cations: A Time‐Lapse Photography of the Big‐Bang
Authors: Casnati Alessandro
Published: August 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Measurement of Phase Equilibria under Pressure. Open‐circuit Methods
Authors: Richon Dominique
Published: August 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Measurement of Phase Equilibria under Pressure. Closed‐Circuit Methods
Authors: Richon Dominique
Published: August 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress and Future Options in the Development of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Diabesity.
Authors: Lorenz Martin , Evers Andreas , Wagner Michael
Published: August 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Routes to Top‐Down Nanofabrication
Authors: Yu Hai‐Dong , Regulacio Michelle D. , Ye Enyi , Han Ming‐Yong
Published: August 2013

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aquasomes: A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chaudhari M. J. , Pandya D. P. , Thakkar P. P. , Soni A. M. , Modi D. A.
Published: August 2013

Review: 21 refs.
Green wireless local area network received signal strength dimensionality reduction and indoor localization based on fingerprint algorithm
Authors: Ma Lin , Zhou Caifa , Qin Danyang , Xu Yubin
Published: August 2013

Green wireless local area network (WLAN) is an emerging technology to achieve both the purposes of power conservation and high‐speed accessing to the Internet because of the working on‐demand strategy adoption and high density access points (APs) deployment. Although it is good news to data traffic service, Green WLAN brings severe challenges to the indoor localization service based on fingerprint algorithm. Redundant APs will greatly enlarge the radio map and introduce a much heavier computation burden to the terminal for localization in the online phase. In addition, APs in Green WLAN are powered on and off to make balances between data traffic service demand and energy saving goals so that the received signal strength (RSS) sampled online and recorded in the radio map offline are rarely matched in the same detected AP number, which leads to asymmetric matching problem occurring in the fingerprint algorithm. In this paper, we propose to make a nonlinear dimensionality reduction on the RSS by local discriminant embedding algorithm to realize both the computation burden decreasing and asymmetric matching problem resolving for the fingerprint algorithm in Green WLAN. The simulation results show that our proposed methods could effectively reduce the computation burden in the online phase and make the fingerprint algorithm operate more robustly when the RSS is reduced to the intrinsic dimensionality in Green WLAN. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CoPoMo: a context‐aware power consumption model for LTE user equipment
Authors: Dusza Bjoern , Ide Christoph , Cheng Liang , Wietfeld Christian
Published: August 2013

Increasing the battery lifetime of power‐hungry mobile devices has become a major research target for mobile operators. Based on extensive measurement campaigns with the most recent Long Term Evolution (LTE) devices, we introduce a new Markovian power consumption model, which takes into account the chosen system parameters (such as the number of physical resource blocks) as well as the context of a user in terms of radio channel conditions and service characteristics (non‐real‐time vs. real time). One key advancement of this generic model is its stochastic nature, which allows for determining the average power consumption of a device based on usage profiles including location information and service statistics. We have conducted comprehensive system simulations using realistic channel characteristics derived from ray‐tracing analyses and validated the new model. Finally, we show that the proposed context‐aware power consumption model enables quantitative analyses of the trade‐off between network resource allocation and enhanced battery lifetime. © 2013 The Authors. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwann cell‐derived exosomes enhance axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Lopez‐Verrilli María Alejandra , Picou Frederic , Court Felipe A.
Published: August 2013

Axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system is greatly supported by Schwann cells (SCs). After nerve injury, SCs dedifferentiate to a progenitor‐like state and efficiently guide axons to their original target tissues. Contact and soluble factors participate in the crosstalk between SCs and axons during axonal regeneration. Here we show that dedifferentiated SCs secrete nano‐vesicles known as exosomes which are specifically internalized by axons. Surprisingly, SC‐derived exosomes markedly increase axonal regeneration in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Exosomes shift the growth cone morphology to a pro‐regenerating phenotype and decrease the activity of the GTPase RhoA, involved in growth cone collapse and axon retraction. Altogether, our work identifies a novel mechanism by which SCs communicate with neighboring axons during regenerative processes. We propose that SC exosomes represent an important mechanism by which these cells locally support axonal maintenance and regeneration after nerve damage. GLIA 2013;61:1795–1806
Uncoupling of neuroinflammation from axonal degeneration in mice lacking the myelin protein tetraspanin‐2
Authors: de Monasterio‐Schrader Patricia , Patzig Julia , Möbius Wiebke , Barrette Benoit , Wagner Tadzio L. , Kusch Kathrin , Edgar Julia M. , Brophy Peter J. , Werner Hauke B.
Published: August 2013

Deficiency of the major constituent of central nervous system (CNS) myelin, proteolipid protein (PLP), causes axonal pathology in spastic paraplegia type‐2 patients and in Plp1null‐mice but is compatible with almost normal myelination. These observations led us to speculate that PLP's role in myelination may be partly compensated for by other tetraspan proteins. Here, we demonstrate that the abundance of the structurally related tetraspanin‐2 (TSPAN2) is highly increased in CNS myelin of Plp1null‐mice. Unexpectedly, Tspan2null‐mutant mice generated by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells displayed low‐grade activation of astrocytes and microglia in white matter tracts while they were fully myelinated and showed no signs of axonal degeneration. To determine overlapping functions of TSPAN2 and PLP, Tspan2null*Plp1null double‐mutant mice were generated. Strikingly, the activation of astrocytes and microglia was strongly enhanced in Tspan2null*Plp1null double‐mutants compared with either single‐mutant, but the levels of dysmyelination and axonal degeneration were not increased. In this model, glial activation is thus unlikely to be caused by axonal pathology, and vice versa does not potentiate axonal degeneration. Our results support the concept that multiple myelin proteins have distinct roles in the long‐term preservation of a healthy CNS, rather than in myelination per se. GLIA 2013;61:1832–1847
Expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas and antiproliferative effects of receptor modulators
Authors: Schick Bernhard , Dlugaiczyk Julia , Wendler Olaf
Published: August 2013

Background

Predilection of juvenile angiofibromas in adolescent boys has prompted the hypothesis of hormone‐dependent tumor growth. However, knowledge on expression and function of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas is still sparse and inconsistent.

Methods

Transcript and protein expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas was studied by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistology/fluorescence. A bromodeoxyuridine assay was used to assess the antiproliferative effects of flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) and tamoxifen (estrogen receptor modulator).

Results

Significantly increased transcript levels were observed for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor, and luteinizing hormone receptor in juvenile angiofibromas versus the stroma of nasal mucosa. Estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor mRNA levels were low and similar for both tissues. Estrogen receptor α protein was detected in juvenile angiofibroma tumors and mesenchymal cell lines. Flutamide and tamoxifen inhibited proliferation of cultured juvenile angiofibroma mesenchymal cells.

Conclusion

These findings contribute to the understanding of juvenile angiofibroma pathophysiology and offer novel therapeutic options. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1596–1603, 2014
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin plus paclitaxel or fluorouracil for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Survival and toxicity
Authors: Xu Jianhua , He Xia , Cheng Kong , Guo Wenjie , Bian Xiuhua , Jiang Xuesong , Zhang Lanfang , Huang Shengfu
Published: August 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to review the survival and toxicity in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent nedaplatin plus paclitaxel or fluorouracil (NP or NF).

Methods

A total of 155 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC seen at our institution between January 2008 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy‐nine cases (51%) were treated with IMRT and concurrent NP chemotherapy, and 76 cases (49%) were treated with IMRT and concurrent NF regimen. Survival and toxicity were reported.

Results

The 3‐year locoregional relapse‐free survival, distant metastasis–free survival, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 90.3% and 87.8%, 79.7% and 81.1%, 77.3% and 71.1%, and 81.6% and 83.7% for the NF and NP group, respectively. The results were comparable to that of the cisplatin‐based regimens. Acute and late toxicities were acceptable.

Conclusion

IMRT with concurrent nedaplatin‐based chemotherapy achieved comparable survival with acceptable toxicity to those of the cisplatin‐based regimens in the treatment of locoregionally advanced NPC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1474–1480, 2014
Proteomic profiling in incubation medium of mouse, rat and human precision‐cut liver slices for biomarker detection regarding acute drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: van Swelm Rachel P. L. , Hadi Mackenzie , Laarakkers Coby M. M. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Groothuis Geny M. M. , Russel Frans G. M.
Published: August 2013

Drug‐induced liver injury is one of the leading causes of drug withdrawal from the market. In this study, we investigated the applicability of protein profiling of the incubation medium of human, mouse and rat precision‐cut liver slices (PCLS) exposed to liver injury‐inducing drugs for biomarker identification, using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. PCLS were incubated with acetaminophen (APAP), 3‐acetamidophenol, diclofenac and lipopolysaccharide for 24–48 h. PCLS medium from all species treated with APAP demonstrated similar changes in protein profiles, as previously found in mouse urine after APAP‐induced liver injury, including the same key proteins: superoxide dismutase 1, carbonic anhydrase 3 and calmodulin. Further analysis showed that the concentration of hepcidin, a hepatic iron‐regulating hormone peptide, was reduced in PCLS medium after APAP treatment, resembling the decreased mouse plasma concentrations of hepcidin observed after APAP treatment. Interestingly, comparable results were obtained after 3‐acetamidophenol incubation in rat and human, but not mouse PCLS. Incubation with diclofenac, but not with lipopolysaccharide, resulted in the same toxicity parameters as observed for APAP, albeit to a lesser extent. In conclusion, proteomics can be applied to identify potential translational biomarkers using the PCLS system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct conversion of CO2 with diols, aminoalcohols and diamines to cyclic carbonates, cyclic carbamates and cyclic ureas using heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Honda Masayoshi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: August 2013

CO2 has a large effect on global warming by greenhouse gases, and development of an effective technique for the reduction of CO2 is a crucial and urgent issue. From the chemical viewpoint, CO2 is regarded as a stable, safe and abundant C1 resource, and the transformation of CO2 to valuable chemicals is promising not only for reduction of CO2 but also for production of useful chemicals. This mini‐review focuses on the direct conversion of CO2 with diols, aminoalcohols and diamines to cyclic compounds such as cyclic carbonates, cyclic carbamates and cyclic ureas, and in particular discusses the mechanisms for these reactions over heterogeneous catalysts. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous catchment‐scale monitoring of geomorphic processes with a 2‐D seismological array
Authors: Burtin Arnaud , Hovius Niels , Milodowski David T. , Chen Yue‐Gau , Wu Yih‐Min , Lin Ching‐Weei , Chen Hongey , Emberson Robert , Leu Peih‐Lin
Published: August 2013

Distributed activity of geomorphic processes with different spatiotemporal scales is hard to monitor in detail with conventional methods but might be detected with seismometers. From July to September 2010, we deployed 14 seismometers to evaluate the ability of a two‐dimensional array with small interstation distances (11 km) to continuously monitor geomorphic processes in a mountain catchment (370 km2) in Taiwan. Spectral analysis of seismic records highlights different sources with high‐frequency content (>1 Hz), consistent with hillslope and river processes. Using a common detection algorithm and a location technique based on the timing of seismic amplitude, we have located 314 near‐surface events, most of which (69%) occurred during daily convective storms. Event activity was positively correlated with the precipitation intensity, but this relation was not uniform in the catchment. High‐resolution satellite images and air photos did not show geomorphic change during the study, which did not have any episodes of extreme precipitation. A majority of events (61%) were collocated with preexisting geomorphic features (landslide scars, gullies) within the uncertainty on location (9% of interstation distance). The combination of event location and timing suggests a geomorphic source of recorded signals and most events had the seismic characteristics of rockfall, debris avalanches, or slides. Reactivation of prior erosion sites by such processes is difficult to detect with imagery, but can possibly be resolved by seismic monitoring. When proven, this approach will allow a spatially comprehensive survey of geomorphic activity at the catchment scale, with temporal detail sufficient to evaluate the exact (meteorological) conditions under which process events occur.
Human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation changes proinflammatory gene expression through a nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent pathway in a rat focal cerebral ischemic model
Authors: Wang Hui , Nagai Atsushi , Sheikh Abdullah Md. , Liang Xue Yun , Yano Shozo , Mitaki Shingo , Ishibashi Yutaka , Kobayashi Shotai , Kim Seung U. , Yamaguchi Shuhei
Published: August 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cerebral ischemic rats. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of MSC transplantation on transcriptional regulations of proinflammatory genes in cerebral ischemia. Transient ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats. After 24 hr, vehicle (PBS) or a human MSC line (B10) was transplanted intravenously. The neurological deficits, infarct volume, cellular accumulations, and gene expression changes were monitored by means of behavior tests, MRI, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, laser capture microdissection, and real‐time PCR. In the core area of the B10 transplantation group, the number of ED1‐positive macrophage/microglia was decreased compared with the PBS group. In the core, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was decreased, although CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β was not changed; both were expressed mainly in ED1‐positive macrophage/microglia. Likewise, mRNAs of NF‐κB‐dependent genes including interleukin‐1β, MCP‐1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased in ED1‐positive and Iba‐1‐positive macrophage/microglia in the B10 transplantation group. Moreover, upstream receptors of the NF‐κB pathway, including CD40 and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), were decreased. Immunofluorescence results showed that, in the B10 transplantation group, the percentages of NF‐κB‐positive, CD40‐positive, and TLR2‐positive cells were decreased in ED1‐positive macrophage/microglia. Furthermore, NF‐κB‐positive cells in the CD40‐ or TLR2‐expressing cell population were decreased in the B10 transplantation group. This study demonstrates that B10 transplantation inhibits NF‐κB activation, possibly through inhibition of CD40 and TLR2, which might be responsible for the inhibition of proinflammatory gene expression in macrophage/microglia in the infarct lesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasticity‐related gene 1 is important for survival of neurons derived from rat neural stem cells
Authors: Hashimoto Tomio , Yamada Misa , Iwai Takashi , Saitoh Akiyoshi , Hashimoto Eri , Ukai Wataru , Saito Toshikazu , Yamada Mitsuhiko
Published: August 2013

Plasticity‐related gene 1 (Prg1) is a membrane‐associated lipid phosphate phosphatase. In this study, we first investigated the role of Prg1 in the survival of neurons derived from rat neural stem cells (NSCs) using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Prg1 knock‐down decreased the cell number. Interestingly, Prg1 knock‐down increased genomic DNA fragmentation, suggesting the possible induction of apoptosis. Exogenously expressed Prg1 rescued the cells from death and restored the loss of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) activity induced with Prg1 siRNA. However, exogenously expressed mutated‐Prg1 (the 253rd amino acid, histidine253, had been changed to alanine) did not rescue the cell death or restore the MTT activity. Histidine253 of Prg1 has been reported to be important for lipid phosphate phosphatase activity. These results suggest that Prg1 is important for survival of neurons through its dephosphorylation activity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre‐neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B1
Authors: Ferk Franziska , Huber Wolfgang W. , Grasl‐Kraupp Bettina , Speer Karl , Buchmann Sandra , Bohacek Rene , Mišík Miroslav , Edelbauer Leopold , Knasmüller Siegfried
Published: August 2013

Scope

Aim of the study was to investigate the protective properties of coffee towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced formation of pre‐neoplastic hepatic foci and the identification of the constituents and molecular mechanisms that account for these effects.

Materials and methods

Rats consumed three different brews and were subsequently treated with AFB1 (0.75 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally). Ten weeks later, the numbers and areas of hepatic foci were determined. Furthermore, the impact of the brews on AFB1‐induced DNA damage was quantified in single cell gel electrophoresis assays and the activities of drug metabolising enzymes and glutathione‐related parameters were monitored. Additionally, single cell gel electrophoresis assay experiments were conducted with pure caffeine.

Conclusion

All brews reduced the frequencies of the hepatic foci. The most pronounced protection (reduction 82%) was seen with the caffeine containing metal and paper filtered brews. DNA migration was reduced between 65 and 75% with the caffeine containing brews. In additional experiments, clear protective effects were found with caffeine at dose levels that corresponded to those contained in the coffee. This observation indicates that the alkaloid accounts partly for the protective effects of coffee. Furthermore, our findings indicate that induction of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase contributes to the chemopreventive effects of coffee since all brews increased the activity of this detoxifying enzyme.
Selection bias in pharmacy‐based patient surveys
Authors: Frisk P , Kälvemark‐Sporrong S , Wettermark B
Published: August 2013

Purpose

To evaluate if there is a selection bias in drug utilization surveys on prescription drugs regularly conducted in Swedish pharmacies, to describe the direction of this potential bias and discuss the implications for the results.

Methods

Age and gender distributions within patient survey samples from drug utilization surveys conducted during 2006–2010 are compared to the age and gender distribution of all Swedish patients, receiving the same drug or drugs, as given by the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The differences between the proportions of patients within the age and gender segments of each pair of survey/register data were calculated.

Results

In 25 (81%) out of 31 included surveys, patients aged 75 years or older are significantly underrepresented, as they are less likely to visit the pharmacy to collect their prescription drugs themselves and thus disqualify for the interviews. Data on women show similar results as overall survey data, whereas the underrepresentation of the oldest age group among men appears in a lower proportion of the surveys, 67%. The general consequence is a selection towards a healthier survey sample, but the consequences in the individual surveys vary, depending on what drug is being studied.

Conclusion

Pharmacy‐based patient surveys provide a convenient data collection method for patient self‐reported data, but patients aged 75 years or older are consistently underrepresented. In surveys where this may influence the main research question, data should also be collected with other methods reaching the oldest patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maturation of the developing human fetal prostate in a rodent xenograft model
Authors: Saffarini Camelia M. , McDonnell Elizabeth V. , Amin Ali , Spade Daniel J. , Huse Susan M. , Kostadinov Stefan , Hall Susan J. , Boekelheide Kim
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer in men. The etiology of prostate cancer is unknown, although both animal and epidemiologic data suggest that early life exposures to various toxicants, may impact DNA methylation status during development, playing an important role.

METHODS

We have developed a xenograft model to characterize the growth and differentiation of human fetal prostate implants (gestational age 12–24 weeks) that can provide new data on the potential role of early life stressors on prostate cancer. The expression of key immunohistochemical markers responsible for prostate maturation was evaluated, including p63, cytokeratin 18, α‐smooth muscle actin, vimentin, caldesmon, Ki‐67, prostate‐specific antigen, estrogen receptor‐α, and androgen receptor. Xenografts were separated into epithelial and stromal compartments using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and the DNA methylation status was assessed in >480,000 CpG sites throughout the genome.

RESULTS

Xenografts demonstrated growth and maturation throughout the 200 days of post‐implantation evaluation. DNA methylation profiles of laser capture microdissected tissue demonstrated tissue‐specific markers clustered by their location in either the epithelium or stroma of human prostate tissue. Differential methylated promoter region CpG‐associated gene analysis revealed significantly more stromal than epithelial DNA methylation in the 30‐ and 90‐day xenografts. Functional classification analysis identified CpG‐related gene clusters in methylated epithelial and stromal human xenografts.

CONCLUSION

This study of human fetal prostate tissue establishes a xenograft model that demonstrates dynamic growth and maturation, allowing for future mechanistic studies of the developmental origins of later life proliferative prostate disease. Prostate 73:1761–1775, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple access in DVB‐RCS2 user uplinks
Authors: Munari Andrea , Acar Guray , Kissling Christian , Berioli Matteo , Lexow Hans Peter
Published: August 2013

Digital Video Broadcasting, Return Channel via Satellite 2 (DVB‐RCS2) is the second generation of DVB‐RCS communication specification for the return link in broadband interactive geostationary satellite networks. The focus of this paper is the user uplink access mechanism in DVB‐RCS2. The first part of the paper provides a brief description of DVB‐RCS2 user uplink access, with emphasis on improvements with respect to the first generation of the standard. One of these improvements in DVB‐RCS2 is the support for random access (RA) for user traffic. The second part of the paper further delves into the RA load control problem and proposes an analytical model for the DVB‐RCS2 RA load control algorithm followed by performance assessment via numerical computations and simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of a laser profile in impedance mismatch techniques applied to carbon EOS measurement
Authors: Aliverdiev A. , Batani D. , Dezulian R.
Published: August 2013

We present a recent numerical analysis of impedance mismatch technique applied to carbon equation of state measurements. We consider high-power laser pulses with a Gaussian temporal profile of different durations. We show that for the laser intensity (${\approx }1{0}^{14} ~\mathrm{W} / {\mathrm{cm} }^{2} $) and the target design considered in this paper we need to have laser pulses with rise-time less than 150 ps.
Deformation and breakup of a leaky dielectric drop in a quadrupole electric field
Authors: Deshmukh Shivraj D. , Thaokar Rochish M.
Published: August 2013

The deformation and breakup of a leaky dielectric drop suspended in a leaky dielectric medium subjected to a quadrupole electric field are studied. Analytical (linear and nonlinear asymptotic expansions in the electric capillary number, $C{a}_{Q} $, a ratio of electric to capillary stress) and numerical (boundary element) methods are used. A complete phase diagram for the drop deformation in the $R$–$Q$ plane is presented, where $R$ and $Q$ are the non-dimensional ratios of the resistivities and dielectric constants, respectively, of the drop and the medium phase. The prolate and oblate deformations are mapped in the phase diagram, and the flow contours are also shown. The large deformation and breakup of a drop at higher $C{a}_{Q} $ are analysed using the boundary element method. Several non-trivial shapes are observed at the onset of breakup of a drop. A prolate drop always breaks above a certain critical value of $C{a}_{Q} $. In the oblate deformation cases, breakup as well as steady shapes are observed at a higher value of $C{a}_{Q} $. A detailed study of prolate and oblate deformation tendencies due to the normal and tangential electric stresses and the countervailing role of viscous stresses is presented. The circulation inside a drop is found to be more intense for a quadrupole field as compared with a uniform electric field. More intense internal circulations can lead to enhanced mixing characteristics and will have implications in microfluidic devices.
Dynamics of nearly spherical bubbles in a turbulent channel upflow
Authors: Lu Jiacai , Tryggvason Gretar
Published: August 2013

The dynamics of bubbles in upflow, in a vertical channel, is examined using direct numerical simulations (DNS), where both the flow and the bubbles are fully resolved. Two cases are simulated. In one case all the bubbles are of the same size and sufficiently small so they remain nearly spherical. In the second case, some of the small bubbles are coalesced into one large bubble. In both cases lift forces drive small bubbles to the wall, removing bubbles from the channel interior until the two-phase mixture is in hydrostatic equilibrium, and forming a bubble-rich wall layer. The same evolution has been seen in earlier DNS of bubbly upflows, but here the friction Reynolds number is higher (${\mathit{Re}}^{+ } = 250$). In addition to showing that the overall structure persists at higher Reynolds numbers, we show that the bubbles in the wall layer form clusters. The mechanism responsible for the clustering is explained and how bubbles move into and out of the wall layer is examined. The dynamics of the bubbles in the channel core is also compared with results obtained in fully periodic domains and found to be similar. The presence of the large bubble disrupts the wall layer slightly, but does not change the overall picture much, for the parameters examined here.
Between Court and Cloister: The Life and Lives of Margherita Colonna
Authors: Lopez Bianca
Published: August 2013

This article considers the social and cultural contexts of the two lives of Margherita Colonna (c.1254–1280) to reveal her traditional, monastic Franciscan piety that originated with her baronial Roman background. To her family, Margherita Colonna represented a moderate type of Franciscan piety that did not conflict with elite patriarchal expectations of women, and one that differed from the radical penitence of Clare of Montefalco, Angela of Foligno, and Margherita of Cortona. Her hagiographers structured their respective renditions of her life to promote their own agendas, choosing and omitting saintly virtues as they saw fit. Margherita's first life, written by her brother Giovanni Colonna, extolled her humility, nobility, and almsgiving. Her second life, written by Stefania, her relative and the successor of her spiritual community, focused on Margherita's mysticism and concern for her cloistered community. Both of these works diverge from the lives of radical female Franciscans who practiced contempt for the world and rigorous poverty. For this reason, this article argues that Margherita's pious type broke from that of Clare of Assisi, and more closely resembled the traditional monastic religiosity practiced by her family before the arrival of St. Francis. Such an approach to hagiography reveals the social context from which it arose, as well as gendered notions of holiness, thereby contributing to the fields of medieval sanctity, gender, and society.