bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legality of Restrictions on Human Rights in a State of Military Emergency in Indonesia
Authors: Muliadi  , A. Muin Fahmal  , Nuh Muhammad Syarief , Baharuddin Hamzah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to look at the legality of human rights restrictions in a military emergency in Indonesia. This research uses a normative legal research type. The choice of this type of normative analysis is related to the formulation of problems that become legal research issues. The findings of this study are that restrictions on human rights in a state of military emergency are justified because the human rights possessed by every human being do not apply, primarily if an army emergency is enforced, all human rights possessed by every human being can be limited to the implementation for the respect of human rights, the enforcement of a military emergency must see the condition of a region whether it is categorized as threatening the life of the nation or not. For this reason, this study recommends that the Government, in imposing restrictions on human rights in a military emergency, must be based on the element of a dangerous threat.
Re-understanding Deification and Hunger: An Ecocritical Venture into Shiva Purana
Authors: Handique Patrika , Bhattacharyya Anurag
Published: April 2021

The advent of the Eighteenth Century witnessed emergence of a scientific temperament and shook the foundation of faith or religion in an unbelievable manner. Industrial Revolution, World Wars aggravated the situation and a conflict between science and religion has been prevalent since then. People began to neglect the mores and preaching of theological philosophy and even the tradition and customs handed down by religion or otherwise also culture. In the era of over-all degradation, it has become the need of the hour to restore theology, spiritual and mythical works for re-learning the meanings of humanity and wisdom, although the elimination of religious blindness needs to be done. It is discerned that people discard the ancient philosophy and myths to be irrational and non-scientific, but it is not true. Religion, ancient philosophy and conduct of life is intertwined intricately. In religion and culture, myths and folklores remain popular and are handed down from generation to generation and appear to be so fictional. But, in reality, they carry innumerable valuable messages and codes for life. So, this study intends to shed the irrationality and illuminate the rational and significant implications in the text Shiva Purana, which forms a part of the very precious Mahapuranas, spiritual and mythological text of Hindus. The paper would, however, attempt an ecocritical study of the specified text. As ecological concerns have called for urgent attention, ancient wisdom can assist scientific ideologies and thus, go hand in hand to unite humans to become environmentally sensitive.
An Analysis of the Socio-legal Framework Around Objectification of Women in India
Authors: Gupta Bhavya
Published: April 2021

Objectification is the act of treating a person solely as an object of sexual desire. Sexual objectification is one of the biggest reasons why we live in a world flooded with sexualized images of women who are presented to be immaculate goddesses, which every girl aspires to emulate leading to mental health issues, loss of self-esteem, exploitation and harassment. Sexual objectification constitutes of two dimensions within itself, firstly, treating women as mere objects and secondly, dehumanizing, i.e. when women are considered to be mindless entities and their internal virtues are completely forgotten about. The current legal frameworks around the world take a limited view of the problem and deal with certain aspects of the problem while ignoring others. This study tries to holistically analyse the problems from a victim standpoint and does a cross cultural analysis with a special focus on laws in India and a brief overview about the laws in other countries like Belgium, France, Finland, Greece, Norway, South Africa, Spain, United States of America, United Kingdom, Nicaragua to identify areas where the legal frameworks need to be strengthened in order to prevent women from being objectified. It was noticed that most of these countries did not have a peculiar law against objectification. However, most of the western countries focus on protecting women against gender stereotypes in advertisements. This was also followed by a 22-pointer gap analysis on the Indian existing laws. Furthermore, the primary research encompassed a deliberation with a panel of socio-legal experts, whose ideas and suggestions have in turn been included in the paper. The research paper ends with recommendations which were devised after a lot of brainstorming.
Improving Students' Writing Recount Text Ability Through Literacy-Based Teaching
Authors: Jamiluddin Jamiluddin
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how the process of implementing literacy-based teaching and learning can improve the students' ability of SMP Negeri 12 Palu in understanding and writing accurate and correct recount text. Therefore, this research design is a class action research that is cycled by implementing literacy-based teaching and learning through action planning, implementation, observation, and reflection procedures. If the first cycle is unsuccessful (not yet complete), then proceed to the second cycle with strategies for improving action planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection instruments were through observation, tests, and questionnaires. The subjects of this study were 12 Grade 8 students of SMP Negeri 12 Palu. In the first cycle, the classically average student score was 43.75, meaning that it did not meet the minimum completeness criteria. After reflection through improving action planning and implementation in the classroom by applying teaching materials in oral and written form simultaneously or simultaneously in the second cycle, the students' mean score classically became 76.25, which means that they meet the minimum completeness criteria set at State Junior High Schools. 12 Palu. The results showed that literacy-based teaching and learning could improve students' understanding in writing recount text correctly and correctly through implementing teaching materials in oral and written forms simultaneously or simultaneously.
La pandémie de la COVID-19, révélatrice et amplificatrice des inégalités et des fractures sociales dans le milieu urbain au Burkina Faso: l’exemple de la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso
Authors: Honorine Pegdwendé SAWADOGO Honorine Pegdwendé SAWADOGO
Published: April 2021

La COVID-19 a créé une crise sans précédent pour les acteurs des secteurs formel et informel, et a mis chaque entreprise au défi de reconsidérer ses activités commerciales et de s'adapter aux nouvelles circonstances inattendues. Le présent document vise à explorer les conséquences dues aux perturbations causées par la pandémie sur le quotidien des acteurs de l’économie de Bobo-Dioulasso. Une enquête basée sur des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées a été utilisée pour collecter des données auprès des employés et employeurs des secteurs formel et informel. Les résultats montrent que les acteurs du secteur informel ont eu des difficultés à s’adapter aux mesures-barrières édictées contre la COVID-19. Ces difficultés sont dues à la faible capitalisation de leurs microentreprises, la mauvaise structuration du secteur et l’absence de protection sociale qui rendent les travailleurs de l’informel très vulnérables aux chocs externes. En ce qui concernent les travailleurs du secteur formel, le télétravail a permis la poursuite de leurs activités tout en gardant leur rémunération. Toutefois, les efforts devraient être axés sur l'efficacité de leur gestion opérationnelle interne. Quant aux chefs de service du public et des chefs d’entreprise du privé formel en plus de la protection des travailleurs déjà assurée, un management continue et une communication efficace et démocratique sont impératifs au maintien du niveau de participation et d’efficacité des agents. L’enquête a révélé que l’économie informelle et celle formelle ont des capacités différentes d’adaptation face aux chocs externes comme la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19. Cette crise est venue accentuer les inégalités en amplifiant davantage la fracture sociale dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso.
John Donne’s Poetry between the Petrarchan Tradition and Postmodern Philosophy: A Case Study- “The Canonization”
Authors: Neji Rachid
Published: April 2021

This paper sheds light on the way John Donne’s poetry (1572-1631) deconstructs the familiar notions and foreshadows a literary area of postmodern contemplation and meditation. It may be true that Donne was influenced by the medieval ideas, but in his mature years he was persuaded that literature and poetry should submit to deep changes.  In fact, the centrality of love and religion in Donne’s poetry seduces him to explore and discover the tenor of the universe theoretically and practically. The journey of discovery and exploration provides him with efforts to decode the inner spirituality by accepting the subversive, ambiguous, unfamiliar, and rebellious poetic concepts. Bearing all this in mind, this article yearns to scrutinize the fact that Donne seeks to devise a poetic platform to liberate literature and poetry from conventional modes of versification. The explanation of this attitude seems to be simple and easy understandable, but also rather surprising and complicated. The analysis will show that Donne’s poetry resorts to the sacred and profane in order to criticize social perspectives, and undermine established rules of poetry. The illustration of this attitude requires a deep analysis of his love and religious poems.
La sagesse de l'homme dans l'Espace: perspectives philosophique et éthologique
Authors: Tamponnet Coraline , Tafforin Carole
Published: April 2021

Dans la découverte spatiale, l'homme parmi les hommes porte un regard nouveau sur le monde. Il est un être dans l'univers, seul et en groupe dans une relation d'optimisation avec l'environnement pour son bien-être individuel et collectif. Au cours du temps passé dans son habitat spatial, l'astronaute développe des stratégies comportementales à l'impesanteur, à l'isolement et au confinement, pour une adaptation salutogène. Durant trois expériences terrestres (180-d CELSS, MARS-500 et SIRIUS-19) simulant des missions interplanétaires d'équipages confinés, l'observation, la description et la quantification des expressions faciales positives ont montré des différences entre les équipages. Ce sont des groupes humains auto-organisés régulés par l'hétérogénéité de ses membres (hommes et femmes; Russes, Américains, Chinois ou Européens). La perspective éthologique repose sur la valeur de diversité du groupe par les qualités intrinsèques d'un équipage mixte et multiculturel qui s'adapte pour tendre vers la sagesse humaine. Sourire à la Terre, sourire à l’univers et sourire à autrui, en contemplant l'espace environnant, est la perspective philosophique.
Examining the Credibility of Online Political News and information in the Millennials in Pakistan
Authors: Waqas Faisal , Iftikhar Ifra , Bajwa Amir
Published: April 2021

This study observed the influence of the credibility factors on the perception of the credibility of political information among the youth. Credibility can be due to the medium through which the information reaches the people; the source of the information; or the information itself. Each of the three factors: medium, source, and message are analyzed separately as an independent variable to observe its influence on the overall credibility of the political content received, as the dependent variable.  The key finding is that the majority of them trust that online political content is produced and run by the trustworthy, intelligent and experts. They also appear to believe that online political content is trustworthy, accurate, fair and respectful towards other’s privacy. Moreover, it is found that the credibility of online political content is independent of any other credibility factor such as the source, medium, or the content credibility.  The number of likes and shares seems to be the biggest criteria of the credibility and trustworthiness of a political content in the eyes of young university students. The findings of the study would allow the experts to convey political information to millennial effectively.
Politeness Strategies: Open Letter to President Uhuru Kenyatta Prior to Sagana 3 Mt Kenya Consultative Meeting
Authors: Kariithi Francis
Published: April 2021

Succinctly speaking, politics is an intricate affair that culminates in the likelihood of ugly scenarios popping out following the language that politicians employ. In line with the aforesaid, politicians attempt to employ assorted politeness strategies to exhibit decorum of some sort while addressing their seniors, more so when the addressee is at the apex of the purported leadership. The study intends to unravel the nature of politeness strategies that a section of Members of Parliament from Mount Kenya region relied on while reaching out to the president of Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta. To this end, the data was collected from an open letter to President Uhuru Kenyatta whose term of leadership was scheduled to end in 2022. The analysis on the data took into account the frequency of use on the said strategies namely, bald on record, off record, positive politeness and negative politeness; hence, anchoring the study on Politeness. The study sought to analyze the strategies used by the authors of the open letter and find out how the said authors navigated between the said strategies in line with FTAs bearing in mind that there was an asymmetric power relation and social distance between them. Results of qualitative and quantitative data analysis showed a significant difference in the manner authors of the said open letter navigated between the said strategies; thus, teasing out an implication in politeness research.
Strategic Choice of Language Use in Bush’s COVID-19 Message: A Linguistic Adaptation Perspective
Authors: Obiajulu Umeanowai Kingsley
Published: April 2021

Language is essential not only in maintaining interpersonal relationships but also in achieving other social or political goals. In politics, the language is a tool creatively used by politicians to brainwash, manipulate, encourage and persuade their citizens or masses to do something. Strategic choice of language has made it easier for politicians to influence citizens' emotional and mental perception with their political speeches and messages. Through the use of Verschureren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory, this study analyses President Bush’s COVID-19 message to examine how it adapts to the three-communication context in correlation adaptability and how it influences the emotional and mental perception of the US citizens in abiding with the stipulated health regulations and fostering unity and solidarity. The findings of the study show that, through the strategic choice of language use which adapts to the social, mental and physical world, the former American President Bush tends to persuade, encourage and inculcate the sense of unity and the American spirit in the American citizens to remain calm by following the health regulations.
Characteristics and Maternal Neonatal Outcomes Analysis of Referral Cases at Lakipadada Regional Public Hospital, Tana Toraja on Period March-August 2019
Authors: Mengga Beatrix , B Prasetyo
Published: April 2021

Background: Referral system is often noticed as an obstacle for getting health services because it requires more time, higher cost, health services that are not appropriate with competence, patients are accumulated in several health care facilities that can reduce satisfaction of the patient. The implementation of tiered referral system also experiences obstacles that related to geographical factors, distance, transportation and limitations of health services, therefore it is necessary to have an assessment how the characteristics and outcomes of obstetric referral cases in an area. Objective: To identify the charactheristics of obstetric referral cases and maternal – neonatal outcomes from referral cases at Lakipadada Regional Public Hospital on period March – August 2019. Methods: : This study was a retrospective analysis study using descriptive methods of medical record data in obstetric patients at Lakipadada Regional Public Hospital, Tana Toraja on period March - August 2019. Results: The total number of obstetric referral cases is 218 cases, which 154 cases were referred from inside Tana Toraja itself (the most referrals were from private clinics), 64 cases were referred from outside Tana Toraja (the most referrals were from Enrekang District) with the most referral indication was Prolonged Latent Phase. Vaginal delivery was performed in 86 total of cases, caesarean section was 117 total of cases. Conclusion: In the referral cases, there was still a delay in referring patients which on period March-August 2019, there were 2 maternal death, 2 infant deaths and 5 IUFD.
The Relationship Between Surgeons Communication and Patients Understanding in Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Syarifah Mustika Chasanatusy , Widhatama Ega , Wibawa Dayu Satriya
Published: April 2021

Communication is a human activity to be able to understand a message between communicators and communicants. Ordinary communication ends with a result called the communication effect. Communication usually occurs with the same meaning in a conversation. Understanding can be defined as the ability to be able to correctly explain the object to be known, and be able to interpret the material correctly. This study aims to determine the relationship between surgeon communication and patient understanding in the hospitalized surgery room at Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya. This research uses a consecutive sampling technique based on sample criteria. The population was all surgical patients who were going to perform surgery and samples were obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size is 65 samples and the research instrument was a questionnaire. The results of this study were obtained (36%) respondents communicated ineffectively and (64%) communicated effectively. Besides that, (45%) respondents did not understand what the doctor explained, and (55%) understood what was explained. Analysis using test Chi- Square obtained a very significant relationship between surgeon communication with patient understanding with p-value = 0.000.
Effectiveness of Heat Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain Before and After Exercise Therapy in Females
Authors: Qadeer Ummara , Aftab Anan , Zahra Iman
Published: April 2021

Objective: To compare whether heat therapy (moist heat pack) is more effective before exercise therapy or after exercise therapy in chronic MSK pain in females. Design Randomized clinical trial study. Methodology: This study is conducted in Abbas institute of medical sciences Muzaffarabad and Muzaffarabad physiotherapy clinic Muzaffarabad.40 female patients with chronic MSK pain are recruited in the study and a questionnaire-based survey was carried out. A self-structured questionnaire is used for demographic details. For screening of chronic MSK pain short form of Orebro pain questionnaire is used. A numeric rating scale in both groups is used to check the intensity of pain. Result: The results showed that between group A and B there was no significant difference. But clinically group B showed more improvement than group A.Both groups showed improvement after treatment. Conclusion: The application of heat therapy (moist hot pack) was found to be more effective after exercises than its use before exercises to improve pain in females with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Effects of Breathing Exercises on Lung Volumes and Capacities Among Smokers
Authors: Zahra Iman , Liaqat Maria , Qadeer Ummara
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of deep breathing exercises on lung volumes and capacities among smokers. Methodology: The participants were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was not given any treatment, while the experimental group performed deep breathing exercise techniques. The experimental group performed exercises for six weeks. After six weeks lung function tests were performed to evaluate the effects. Data were compared at baseline and after the intervention. To check within the group's changes paired sample t-test was used. To check between groups changes independent sample t-test was used for normally distributed data. Results: In the experimental group, significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) were observed after the intervention. While comparing groups, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in some variables between experimental and control groups.Conclusion: It was concluded that deep breathing exercises are useful among smokers. As deep breathing helps in improving lung volumes and capacities.
The Perbandingan Metode ARIMA dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk Peramalan Harga Beras
Authors: Wahyu ngestisari
Published: April 2021

Beras merupakan bahan makanan pokok yang setiap bulannya selalu mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan harga, disebabkan adanya beberapa faktor. Hal ini menimbulkan ketertarikan untuk dilakukannya prediksi harga beras periode selanjutnya. Berdasarkan data rata-rata harga beras bulanan di tingkat grosir pada tahun 2010-2018 yang diperoleh dari situs resmi BPS, fluktuasi harga beras cenderung mengikuti pola musiman. Metode ARIMA merupakan metode yang paling sering digunakan dalam melakukan peramalan data berpola musiman. Metode lain yang dapat digunakan dalam melakukan peramalan harga beras adalah Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan metode Backpropagation. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan terhadap kedua metode tersebut untuk menentukan metode yang lebih akurat dalam melakukan peramalan harga beras. Kriteria ukuran kesalahan peramalan yang digunakan untuk mengetahui ketepatan hasil peramalan adalah menghitung Mean Squared Error (MSE) dari data hasil ramalan masing-masing metode dengan data out sample (Januari 2019- Desember 2019). Berdasarkan hasil peramalan dengan metode ARIMA diperoleh model ARIMA terbaik adalah ARIMA (1,1,0) (0,1,1)12 dengan nilai MSE 51695.36. Sedangkan dengan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan metode Backpropagation untuk 6 tahun model pelatihan dan 4 tahun untuk model pengujian, diperoleh model arsitektur terbaik adalah JST 12-7-1 dengan nilai MSE 43475.02. Dengan demikian metode yang paling optimal untuk memprediksi harga beras periode selanjutnya adalah JST 12-7-1.
Analisis Perbandingan Performa Metode Simple Moving Average dan Exponential Moving Average untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penderita Covid-19
Authors: Litha Sari Nurul
Published: April 2021

Pada penelitian bertujuan untuk memprediksi jumlah penderita covid-19 menggunakan metode Moving Average (SMA, dan EMA). Pengolahan data tersebut digunakan untuk memprediksi jumlah penderita covid-19. Adapun akurasi permalan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu MAD, MSE, RMSE , dan MAPE. Model Moving Average Model yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan metode untuk memperkirakan kondisi pada masa yang akan datang dengan menggunakan kumpulan data-data masa lalu. Periode waktu yang akan dikumpulkan data tersebut dapat berupa Tahunan, Bulanan, Mingguan, bahkan Harian. Hasil pengujian Simple Moving Average (SMA) pada line graph menunjukkan peramalan nilai lebih dekat dengan data real dibandingkan dengan Exponential Moving Average (EMA). Pengunaan SMA 2 hingga  SMA5 menunjukkan hasil peramalan SMA 2 paling mendekati dari data real.
Online Deradicalization Through Strengthening Digital Literacy For Santri
Authors: Isnawati Isnawati , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: April 2021

This article described the urgency of strengthening digital literacy for santris as an exertion for doing online de-radicalization. As a santri should be core actors in a lot of idea competitions on social media, they should be provided both soft and hard skills in digitizing technology, especially dealing with information media. A Santri should be resourceful in presenting contents carrying the theme of the mercy of Islam and taking a strategic role in online de-radicalization. Five steps should be taken by pesantren in strengthening the digital literacy for santris, namely providing supporting infrastructure in the form of computer laboratories and internet networks, regulating restrictions on the use of the internet only for positive things, giving mentors and supervisors, holding blogging and positive content workshops, and supporting santris in the process of understanding Islamic literature (books of turas). Those were aimed to make santris could provide good content. This research was a qualitative study using a literature method that analyzed the literature and sources related to the research theme.
Reflecting Muslim-Christian Relations In Community Of Tegalrejo, Babadan-Ngancar-Kediri, 2019: Confronting Post-Truth
Authors: Maulana Abdullah Muslich Rizal , Awaludin Asep , Fauzi Afif Gita , Fauzi Afif Gita
Published: April 2021

An interreligious harmony is particularly desired nowadays concerning recent ‘Post Truth’ era where a ‘truth' is challenged to ‘coexist’ altogether as an essential element of mankind. In Indonesia, there are beautiful neighborhoods displaying interreligious peace as a fact should be reflected further to display tolerance embedded within its society. One of these instances is Hamlet of Tegalrejo. This communitry is located in Village of Babadan, Sub-District of Ngancar, Kediri Regency. In this region, both Muslim and Christian communities live in harmony without any notable historical conflict. This research intended to conceal factors of interreligious harmony behind Tegalrejo society in a form of ‘Field Research’ through data analysis of interviews, observation, and documentations. This paper, furthermore, will be ended with an addition of reflection regarding the concept of al-‘Ta’āyush as basis of interreligious harmony in Worldview of Islam. The result of this study is that there are both external and internal factors accomplishing interreligious harmony in Tegalrejo. External factors consist community and family environment altogether with an interrelationship between its occupants. Internal factors, in the other hand, encompass mutual respect and understanding between Tegalrejo community.
A Critique of Abu Bakrah's Hadith on Women Political Leadership
Authors: Salaudeen Abdulkadir , Dukawa Saidu Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Discourse on Muslim women political leadership is based on the Prophetic hadith which states that “a people ruled by a woman will never prosper.” This generates a serious controversy in socio-cultural milieus which civilizational edifices are built on Islamic foundations. This research critiques this hadith through the historical lens of the past and extra-textual reality of the present. The hadith is the linchpin of all arguments against women leadership, which apparently prophesied failure of a nation under leadership of a woman. It employs the method of documentary analysis and adopts Immanent Critique advanced by Ahmad as its theoretical framework. It argues, within that framework, that women with leadership prerequisite could be successful leaders. It finds that, women, just like men, could lead nation(s) to prosperity. It thus concludes that the prophetic political statement which prophesies the downfall of a nation under woman leadership is contextual; and cannot be generalized.
Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic Philosophy Concept of Education Contextualised in Facing the Disruptive Era
Authors: Chair Badrul Munir
Published: April 2021

This article describes the Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic philosophy concept of education contextualised in facing the disruptive era. Contextualise thought of Muhammad Iqbal’s Islamic philosophy of education is very necessary because the industrial revolution always bring impact to human life, no exception in the field of education. The important points of Iqbal’s decription of individuality, individual development, alignment between the material and the spiritual, and creativity in education are particularly relevant to our educational conditions today. For Iqbal, the main educational purpose is to stengthen individuality so that everyone is able to understand the own potensiality. The development of individuality is a process in which humans must play an active role by conducting various experiments tha are relevant to the spirit of the times. The spirit of the disruptive era is the spirit of experimentation. But educational experiments, according to Iqbal will always have a moral and spiritual impact. So academics should not ignore the spiritual side of education.
I’jaz Bayaniy dan Perkembangan Kajian Menerusi Al-Qur’an
Authors: Mohd Nathir Khairul Asyraf , Othman Mohd Sukki
Published: April 2021

Kemukjizatan al-Qur’an atau I’jāz al-Qur’an merupakan satu bentuk ilmu yang menjelaskan tentang keagongan al-Qur’an dalam pelbagai bentuk disiplin ilmu.  Salah satu pecahan utama adalah melibatkan penggunaan gaya bahasa yang meliputi tatabahasa, balāghah dan linguistik. Kajian ini bertujuan menerobos perkembangan I’jaz Bayāniy dalam kajian al-Qur’an berdasarkan karya dari sarjana terdahulu. Pendekatan melalui analisis kualitatif terhadap hasil karya sarjana lampau dilihat sebagai satu metodologi utama kajian ini. Hasil penelitian mendapati, penggunaan istilah I’jaz Bayāniy tidak hanya tertumpu kepada ilmu bayān sahaja, bahkan meliputi ilmu ma’ani  dan badi’.
The Miracle of the Qur’an or I’jāz al-Qur’an is a form of knowledge that explains the greatness of the Qur’an in various forms of disciplines. One of the major discussion involves the use of language styles that include grammar, balāghah and linguistics. This study aims to examine the development of I’jaz Bayāniy in the study of the Qur’an based on the research of previous scholars. The approach through qualitative analysis from the past scholars is seen as one of the main methodologies of this study. The results of the study found that the use of the term I’jaz Bayāniy is not only focused on the bayān only, but also covers the ma’ani and badi ’.
الزهد في التفسير القرآني الإشاري البحر المديد لابن عجيبة
Authors: Hashim Mahyuddin
Published: April 2021

الزهد في الدنيا سمة من سمات الصالحين. ومن المعروف أن المصادر والمراجع لقضية الزهد هي كتب التصوف، لا الأخرى؛ لأنه من قضاياه. ومن خلال هذا البحث، آمل يعرف الزهد من المصدر الآخر ألا وهو تفسير القرآن العظيم. ومن هؤلاء الذين يتكلمون في هذه القضية ابن عجيبة في تفسيره الصوفي الإشاري القرآني البحر المديد. لذلك، يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد أفكار ابن عجيبة في توضيح قضية الزهد في تفسيره الصوفي الإشاري البحر المديد. وقد تكلم ابن عجيبة حول الزهد من الأعمال القلبية، وتفضيل الفقر على الغنى، والزهد سيف في قتل النفس. وأما منهج البحث، فيعتمد على الدراسة الكيفية حيث سيتم استخدام طريقة تحليل المحتوى المقارن. ومن النتائج الرئيسية لهذه الدراسة أن ابن عجيبة في تفسيره الإشاري البحر المديد قد تكلم عن الزهد وبعض رأيه يخالفه بعض الصوفية والأئمة. وهذا الاختلاف لا ينقص إجلالنا له ووثوقنا به من الناحية العلمية والدينية.
Asceticism in worldly matters is the characteristics of a pious and one of the degrees of those who draw near to Allah SWT. It is a foundation towards the pleasure of Allah and the initial beginning for those who lead to Him. As already know, the source of reference towards the issue of asceticism is the books of Sufism as it is one of the issues in the field of Sufism. The researcher intends to introduce asceticism in this article through another source of reference which is the interpretation of al-Quran al-Karim. Ibn Ajibah is one of the scholars who spoke on this issue by his writing in Tafsir Quran Ishari Al-Bahrul Madid. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the thoughts of Ibn Ajibah in explaining the issue of asceticism through Tafsir Quran Ishari Al-Bahrul Madid. This study will be used a qualitative approach as a methodology through the method of inductive text analysis. One of the main findings of this study is that Ibn Ajibah through his interpretation has explained about asceticism clearly and vividly in terms of the practice of soul, the preference of the poor over the rich, and also killing lust. However, there are different thoughts between Ibn Ajibah and other Sufi scholars in this matter. Despite that, the difference does not least diminish our respect for him and our belief towards his knowledge and religion.
Peranan Kuala Terengganu Sebagai Pusat Kegiatan Agama Komuniti Cina
Authors: Awang Azarudin , Wan Ahmad Wan Helmy Shahriman , Ramly Ahmad Faizal
Published: April 2021

Kebanyakan komuniti Cina di negeri Terengganu tinggal di daerah Kuala Terengganu yang berfungsi sebagai ibu negeri, pusat pentadbiran, pusat perniagaan negeri dan pusat keagamaan mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan tentang peranan Kuala Terengganu sebagai pusat perkembangan agama-agama bagi komuniti Cina di negeri ini. Metodologi kajian ini dilakukan melalui kaedah temu bual ke atas lima orang pemimpin badan agama di negeri ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan komuniti Cina di negeri Terengganu berpegang kepada agama Buddha, Taoisme dan Confucianisme dan sebahagian daripada mereka memeluk agama Kristian dan Islam.

Most of the Chinese community in Terengganu live in Kuala Terengganu area which serves as the capital, administrative, business and religious center of the state. This study aims to explain the role of Kuala Terengganu as a center for the development of religions for the Chinese community in this state. The methodology of this study is conducted through series of interview with 5 religious leaders. The result reveals that most of the Chinese communities in the state of Terengganu adhere to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism while some of them embrace Christianity and Islam.
Paul Gauguin and the Quest for World Spirituality
Authors: Iswahyudi
Published: April 2021

Paul Gauguin was born in Paris, France on June 7, 1848. The dynamics of his life journey greatly motivated his search for something deeper and more meaningful in his life and work. Gauguin's disillusionment with the bourgeois society in his environment and his desire to create his art works encouraged his decision to devote himself totally as an artist, especially outside his environment. He traveled from one region to another outside Europe. This experience will influence his development as a painter. The trips that Gauguin often undertook were influenced by his work as well as seeking broader and deeper experiences. As a European he sought a "primitive" lifestyle that was neither tangible nor considered "exotic". He is looking for geographic answers to his professional and personal searches while living in Tahiti. By examining his personal life, it is known that Gauguin's wandering led him to a deeper spiritual life, which is reflected in his works and writings. In order to understand the expression of spirituality in his work, we will examine several major works by Gauguin that clearly depict images of Buddhism and other Eastern religions.
Performance Management and Student Mathematic Disposition through a Posing Problem Approach
Authors: Inoviliana Inoviliana , Siregar Sakinah Ubudiyah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the performance management and mathematical disposition of students through the problem posing approach. This research uses quasi experimental research. The population in this study were 149 students of SMK Sumber Mulyo. The research sample was the cluster random sampling technique (random group sample), that is, one class was selected as a sample subject to treatment through random selection, namely students of class XI SMK TSM totaling 30 students. The results showed that the level of influence between the problem posing approach variable on performance management and students' mathematical dispositions had a high effect. The results of testing the research hypothesis testing problem posing approach to performance management can be seen that the tcount value is 7.560 and ttabet is 1, 781 so that tcount ≥ ttable then Ha1 is accepted, that is, there is a positive and significant influence between the problem posing approach to performance management. Furthermore, the results of the research hypothesis test of the problem posing approach to mathematical disposition, it is known that the tcount value is 6.630 and the t table is 1.981 so that tcount ≥ ttable then Ha2 is accepted, namely that there is a positive and significant influence between the problem posing approach to mathematical disposition.
Existence of Criminal Trials against Electoral Crimes of Regional Heads (Analysis of Pekanbaru High Court Decision Number 40/Pid.Sus/2021/PT.PBR)
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Teguh Syuhada
Published: April 2021

The process of organizing regional head elections is certainly not without constraints and dynamics. There are many violations found in every stage of both administrative violations, violations of the code of conduct and criminal violations. After several changes and changes in the rules on the election of regional heads (Governors, Regents/Mayors), in the end even though Law No. 6 of 2020 describes the special crimes of elections in it, but in its application can not override the provisions of the Criminal Code. One of them is related to the criminal act of probation contained in Article 53 and Article 54 of the Criminal Code. The research conducted is normative juridical research using secondary data by processing data from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the handling of electoral crimes of regional heads in Indonesia, namely through integrated law enforcement (Gakkumdu) centers consisting of Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu), Police and Prosecutors. Furthermore, criminal liability for perpetrators of Criminal Trials in the General Election of the Regional Head must first meet the criminal elements in Article 187A paragraph (1) Law No.  6 Year 2020 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors and Article 53 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. Once both elements of the article are fulfilled, against the severity of the prison sentence and the fine should be reduced by one-third of the maximum penalty in Article 187A paragraph (1) that is to a maximum of 4 years in prison. The last legal analysis of the Pekanbaru High Court's Decision No. 40/Pid.Sus/2021/PT.PBR the judge's decision has been appropriate the judge gave a sanction of 3 (three) years in prison to the perpetrator. It is in accordance with the provisions of Article 187A of Law Number 6 of 2020 Jo  Article 53 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. Because the intention of the act and the nature of harming the interests of others are fulfilled.
Legal Examination of Corruption on Social Assistance in State Officers in State during Emergencies / National Disasters
Authors: Siregar Eva Yunita , Sriono Sriono , Siregar Muhammad Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Abuse often occurs among politicians and state officials or officials who have authority or power over governance. Such misuse is like bribery for Social Funding, namely by receiving a certain amount of money to enrich oneself and fulfill all needs as suspected by the Corruption Eradication Commission to the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in 2020. The acts of corruption are committed when the state is in an emergency (national disaster) will certainly have an impact on the types of lawsuits. Provisions regarding national disasters as determined by the State. This study aims to analyze from a legal point of view criminal acts in the form of corruption in covid-19 social assistance funds. The method used in this research is normative juridical. Juridical normative is a method using secondary data in the form of library materials and statutory approaches (Statute Approach) and an approach to cases related to the author's title (Case Approach). The results showed that an act of corruption committed by a government official could be punished by imprisonment, but if the act of corruption was committed in certain circumstances (emergency/disaster) then the perpetrator could be sentenced to death.
Default of Banking Credit Agreements in the Time of Covid 19
Authors: Dewi Sri , Sriono Sriono , Sagala Elviana
Published: April 2021

The covid 19 pandemic resulted in a very significant economic impact, and resulted in many defaults on bank credit agreements which underwent payment restructuring based on the covid 19 virus. Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulation No. 11/POJK.03/2020 concerning the national economic stimulus as a countercyclical policy for the impact of the spread of covid 19 gives authority to banks to establish policies that support economic growth stimulus for debtors affected by the spread of covid 19, one of which is credit or financing restructuring policies. The occurrence of a national disaster caused by the Covid 19 virus had an impact on the force majeure situation. That defaults due to the spread of the covid-19 virus have resulted in debtors being negligent in carrying out their obligations, this method uses the normative juridical method, which refers to the provisions of positive laws and regulations in Indonesia. The results of the research show that defaults in the credit agreement cannot be used as an excuse for not fulfilling their obligations. The spread of covid-19 cannot be used as an excuse that causes a compelling situation that requires the debtor to commit an act of default. In the concept of a rule of law, judicial power is independent in carrying out its judicial function, thus enabling the exercise of judicial power to be fair in examining, adjudicating and deciding cases based on law and justice. Then the policy of the regulations issued by the government against the spread of the covid-19 virus is very important for the community regarding the problem of the spread of the covid-19 virus.
Juridical Review of the Criminal Acts of Economic Exploitation of Children
Authors: Ainun Nur , Sriono Sriono , Hakim Abdul
Published: April 2021

Exploitation of children is an act that is prohibited by statutory regulations. Several laws and regulations, both the results of ratification of international conventions and laws and regulations issued by Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the criminal sanctions against child exploitation actors in Indonesia. The research method used is the normative juridical method, which is sourced from statutory regulations and literature. The research results show that child exploitation still occurs in Indonesia. The reason for the economic exploitation of children is poverty. The existence of criminal sanctions contained in statutory regulations has not yet provided a deterrent effect for perpetrators of child exploitation. So it is necessary to have the role of the central and local governments in order to reduce child exploitation, namely by enforcing both laws and regional regulations. Law enforcers, especially prosecutors and judges, provide maximum sanctions or threats to perpetrators of child exploitation. Exploitation of child labor will eliminate the existing rights of children such as playing and learning.
Liberalism and Newliberalism : Liberalism in Indonesia 1999-2013
Authors: Shodik Ahmad , Miftahuddin Miftahuddin
Published: April 2021

The Indonesian state is authentically a country that is abundant in terms of its natural resources (SDA). The islands from Sabang to Marauke are lined with abundant and varied wealth. Starting from gold, silver, spices and so on. However, the poor state of Indonesia at this time then raises a question mark, why are Indonesia's natural resource assets which spill over cannot support the benefit of the country, instead being followed by bitterness? This problem is very complex and must be searched for causes and solutions found. The goal is so that the Indonesian state does not go bankrupt and become a country that runs aground. Indonesia is entangled in the wave of globalization which is pulling slowly into the valley of destruction. Globalization is sown through these agencies using "nirvana" propaganda for the newly developing countries, including Indonesia. Because, in principle, globalization is nothing more than a camouflage for the expansion of international capitalism which always creates new targets. The collapse caused by the scour of globalization is a historical crisis of authority and extortion of one state to another. One of the fruits of the squeezing of economic globalization is that many laws have a neoliberal flavor. It is clear that the law provides space for international companies to participate in making a profit in Indonesia. Starting from 1999-2012, there were at least 39 laws that led to liberalization. One of the effects of the direction of opening up to foreign capital is that it dominates the agricultural sector. In 2011, foreign investment was dominated by 4 countries: Singapore, the United States, Japan and the UK, covering mining, electricity, gas, water, transportation and agriculture.
Assessment of Contamination Potential of Groundwater Adjacent to the Waste Disposal Site at Khulna: Contamination Indices, Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistical Approach
Authors: Rafizul Islam M , Partha Debatosh Banik
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the contamination potential of groundwater using various contamination indices available in the literature. To these attempts, fifteen groundwater samples were collected during rainy and dry seasons from the selected tubewells located nearby waste disposal site at Rajbandh, Khulna, Bangladesh. In the laboratory, the concentration of metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Na, K, Ca, As and Mg in groundwater were measured through stanadard methods. The contamination indices such as groundwater quality index (GWQI), degree of contamination (Cd), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and heavy metal contamination index (HPI) were used to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater. The values of GWQI, Cd, HEI and HPI of groundwater were found less in rainy season than that of dry season due to dilution of groundwater. GWQI reveals that 26.67% of tubewells yield very poor, while, 73.33% of poor water condition. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that As contamination in groundwater caused from anthropogenic activities, while, Na, Ca and Mg from natural sources. Pearson’s correlations indicates that most of the metal elements were in highly positive correlations with each other. The spatial distribution of various indices reveals that contamination of groundwater was found comparatively higher in the nearest tubewells and decreases in relation to the increasing of water sampling distances. The outcome of this study will further be helpful for other researchers to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater from tubewells.

Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 9-20
Key Safety Approaches in Bangladesh Railway
Authors: Mohammed Ahsan Hasib
Published: April 2021

Bangladesh Railways (BR) is an integral part of the country's transportation system since the British era. At present it covers a length of 2,877 route kilometres. Train accident data collected from BR revealed that train accidents reduced from 590 per year for 2001-10, to 250 per year for 2010-2015 and to 166 for 2015-16. Data also shows that derailments are the major concern in railway safety. Mixed railway gauges, rail weight, battered and damaged rails, low sleeper density and damaged sleepers, lack of maintenance of fittings and fastenings, and inadequate amount of ballasts are the main reasons for such derailments. So as a safety approach against derailments BR has taken rail track rehabilitation projects as well as speed restriction programs. 2015-16 data showed benefit of such restriction program. A speed map is prepared according to the speed restriction program and speed capacity of different sections of the railway network.

Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 57-62