bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RE-THINKING THE STATE’S DUTY TO PROTECT AND UPHOLD THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN A CRIMINAL JUSTICE CONTEXT
Authors: Narnia Bohler-Muller  , Jana Milne
Published: September 2021

The central question posed in this contribution is whether the right to life has been employed by our courts as a workable constitutional concept in order to promote a quality of life − referred to herein as a “safe” life − lived in accord with the constitutional rights and values of human dignity, equal worth and freedom. A preliminary observation is that the South African judiciary is generally hesitant to interpret the right to life as the right to a certain “quality of life”. This is due to the fact that the state’s obligations regarding the entitlements that would enable such an existence are dealt with effectively by other rights already codified in the Constitution. In addition, the courts are traditionally wary of imposing duties on the state. Our courts have thus employed an interpretation of this right that is limited to the right not to be deprived of one’s life in cases involving social policy issues. As such, thejudiciary has failed to address the entitlement to a quality of life that would impose positive obligations on the state effectively. In order to explore more fully the ambit of the right to life, the authors turn to the Indian experience, which provides an excellentexample of a more creative interpretation of this right. It is submitted that the Indian position could provide useful guidelines in advancing a more activist interpretation of the right to life in order to facilitate the effective application of this right in a criminaljustice context.
INCOME TAX: GROSS INCOME – CAPITAL VERSUS REVENUE, PROFIT-MAKING SCHEME OR FIXED/FLOATING-CAPITAL TEST?
Authors: David Joubert
Published: September 2021

The question of whether a receipt or accrual is of a capital nature or not has vexed the courts, legal minds and tax advisors for years. Simplifying or limiting the tests would provide greater certainty. According to some writers, the case of CIR v Pick ’n PayEmployee Share Purchase Trust (1992 4 SA 39 (A), 54 SATC 271, hereinafter “Pick ’n Pay”) seems to have finally limited the test incapital/revenue cases to the “profit-making scheme” test. However, in subsequent cases there is no suggestion that the scheme ofprofit-making test is the sole test. In Berea Park Avenue Properties (Pty) Ltd v CIR (1995 2 SA 11, 57 SATC 167) it is clear that the Appellate Division (as it then was) considered a profit-making scheme and trading stock in one breath, so to speak. In SARS v Knuth and Industrial Mouldings (Pty) Ltd (1999 62 SATC 65), a case heard in the Eastern Cape Provincial Division of the High Court dealt with the proceeds of the sale of shares. The case was concerned with the floating versus fixed-capital test, and Leach J opined (72) that the distinction“is often referred to in tax cases and can now be regarded as entrenched in our law”. Leach J referred to Pick ’n Pay, but only to the extent that sound commercial and good sense should prevail in selecting the tests applicable. It was held in Pick ’n Pay that if there is no trading then there can be no floating capital. The trading stock definition was not considered in the majority judgment. The profit-making scheme test is only one way of establishing that an asset is trading stock. An asset acquired for the purpose of sale is tradingstock and the proceeds are gross income. That should, it is submitted, be the basis on which capital/revenue cases are decided. The scheme of the profit-making test is but one method of establishing intention at acquisition. It is submitted that the intention to make a profit, inherent in the concept of a profit-making scheme, is not essential to establish trading. “Gross income” is receipts and accruals, not profits. The majority judgment in this case is, it is submitted, flawed in that it did not consider this reality. For years the courts have vacillated between the “floating capital/fixed capital” and “profit-making scheme” tests to establish whether the proceeds of the disposal of an asset is of a capital or revenue nature for the purpose of establishing gross income as defined in the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. Pick ’n Pay seems to have finally limited the test of whether proceeds are of a capital or revenue nature to the “profit-making scheme” test. This note questions that submission by examining the concepts and application of the two tests, trading stock, Pick ’n Pay and subsequent capital/revenue cases.
STRICT CONFORMITY OF DOCUMENTS UNDER A PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE. DOES A SIGNED COPY OF A DOCUMENT QUALIFY AS AN ORIGINAL? Stefanutti & Bressan (Pty) Ltd v Nedbank Ltd (unreported judgment delivered on 30 July 2008) (case no 5311/2008) (D&CLD)
Authors: WG Schulze
Published: September 2021

Unlike in many overseas jurisdictions, there is a paucity of South African reported case law dealing with certain instruments of payment and guarantees for payment such as documentary letters of credit and performance guarantees, to mention but two examples of instruments prevalent in the field of payment and financing. For this reason any new case law dealing with either letters of credit or performance guarantees is to be welcomed as it would hopefully not only contribute to our understanding of this area of the law, but also provide an opportunity for comment and reflection. This holds especially true since the International Chamber of Commerce has recently (in July 2007) accepted and introduced a new version of the Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits (hereinafter “the UCP”): UCP 600. In passing: Apart from the main distinction between direct (three-party) and indirect (four-party) demand guarantees, they (ie, demand guarantees) may also be classified by reference to the phase or part of performance theyare designed to secure, hence the following classification of the different types of demand guarantees: tender guarantee (tender bond); performance guarantee (performance bond); advance payment guarantee (repayment guarantee); retention guarantee; and maintenance guarantee (warranty guarantee). In what follows below the author will use the concept of “guarantee”, being a genericterm, when referring to demand and/or performance guarantees in general. The recent decision in Stefanutti & Bressan (Pty) Ltd v Nedbank Ltd (unreported judgment delivered on 30 July 2008 (case no 5311/2008) by the Durban & Coast Local Division of the High Court (now: KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Durban) is a rare and welcome addition to the rather modest collection of South African decisions dealing with performance guarantees.
THE SHAPE AND CONTENT OF POST-APARTHEID AFRICAN LAW: ACADEMIC SCHOLARS IN CONVERSATION
Authors: Dial Dayana Ndima
Published: September 2021

The interim Constitution of 1994 unleashed a heated debate about the role of African customary law as part of the South African legal system. The point of departure was the extent to which the Western-oriented liberal Bill of Rights could be applied without sacrificing the system’s normative values. During the constitutional negotiations it was unsuccessfully proposed that African customary law be insulated from the application of the Constitution in order to preserve the legal system’s indigenous character. The debate turned on two academic positions, one of which was a pessimistic liberal view that sought to reject African customary law, whilst the other was against the imposition of the Western value system on African traditions. Some academics asserted that mutual influence of both systems is possible, since progressive development of African law is necessary.
THE STATE OF PARLIAMENTARY FREE SPEECH Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly 2016 (3) SA 487 (CC)
Authors: Joanna Botha
Published: September 2021

The last two years have been challenging for the South African Parliament (comprising the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). Some of the issues experienced include: wide-ranging disruptions during the President’s 2015 State of the Nation Address; the forceful removal of Members of Parliament (members) from the parliamentary Chamber by the police; cell-phone signal jamming in the Chamber; a failure by the Assembly to fulfil its constitutional obligations in terms of sections 55(2) and 181(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 by not holding the President accountable to the Public Protector’s findings in the Nkandla saga ; members ignoring the rulings of the Speaker and the Chairperson of the NCOP; a challenge to the legitimacy of Parliament’s broadcasting policy and rules (Primedia) and the use of various forms of “unparliamentary” language by members in Parliament (Chairperson of NCOP). Whilst confrontation and robust debate in Parliament are not uncommon and to be expected, incidents such as these are becoming more frequent and have required the repeated intervention of the Courts.The Constitutional Court judgment in Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly raises important questions concerning the nature and scope of the parliamentary privilege in section 58(1)(b) of the Constitution. It also demonstrates the difficulty of maintaining a balance between the importance of upholding the guarantee of freedom of speech in Parliament, on the one hand, and the need to ensure internal order and discipline during parliamentary sittings, on the other. There have been a number of recent judgments concerning the internal functioning of Parliament. These judgments illustrate that the South African Constitution is a work in progress and that our constitutional jurisprudence is maturing. As recently observed by retired Constitutional Court Justice, Sandile Ngcobo, “This is not a bad thing … Our Constitution is still a young one and through constitutional adjudication it will generate constitutional rules and principles that will form the core of our constitutional law”. The purpose of this note is to explore the constitutional principles underlying parliamentary privilege, with specific reference to the decision in Democratic Alliance.
Effect of kinesio taping on explosive muscle power of gluteus maximus of male athletes
Authors: Mostert-Wentzel K
Published: September 2021

Objective. To determine the short-term effect of kinesio tape on the explosive gluteus maximus power of male athletes, comparing a recommended application pattern with a placebo. Methods. Sixty healthy university male athletes participated in this double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Those athletes with musculoskeletal injury 6 weeks prior to screening, serious medical condition(s) in the previous 6 months, or metabolic conditions affecting joint integrity were not selected. A different investigator from the one who administered the intervention randomly allocated participants to groups. Allocation was concealed. Group A (n=30) received a recommended Y-strip kinesio tape application and group B (n=30) a neutral placebo application. Height displacement during a counter-movement jump was measured with a reliable Vertec apparatus. Measurements were recorded at baseline, immediately after strapping and 30 minutes later. Participants and raters were blinded to group assignment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance for repeated measures were used to determine the effect of time and group on the measurements. Post hoc analysis was done using the Tukey’s method. Results. Time (before, immediately after and 30 minutes after taping) had a significant effect on the measurements. All the measurements after intervention (either immediately or 30 minutes after) had significant differences compared with baseline (95% CI [0.59, 2.29] and [1.50, 3.2] respectively.) Conclusion. The recommended application type of taping with kinesio tape was equally effective in significantly improving the explosive power of the gluteus maximus in male athletes immediately after and 30 minutes after taping in both groups.
The Problem of Genre in the Hymns by the Lake Poets and Thomas Moore
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University (Moscow, Russian Federation), Zhuk Alexandra D.
Published: September 2021

Though there are many seminal works on early Romanticism and Thomas Moore’s poetry, their hymns remain understudied. This article focuses on the genre problem in the hymns by the Lake Poets (S.T. Coleridge, W. Wordsworth, R. Southey) and Thomas Moore, whose poetry is studied in context of English Literature and German Romanticism. The characteristics of the hymn are emotionality, associative composition, abundance of repetitions and parallelisms, archaic grammatical forms of verbs and pronouns, and the use of verb contractions. The combination of genres in hymns results in such variants as the odic hymn, the idyllic and elegiac hymn, the mythological hymn, and even the satirical hymn, with each of them evolving in its own way in the period under study. The odic hymn is represented in “Hymn before Sun-rise, in the Vale of Chamouni” (1802) by S.T. Coleridge and “Hymn. For the Boatmen, as They Approach the Rapids under the Castle of Heidelberg” (1820/1822) and “To the Laborer’s Noon-Day Hymn” (1834/1835) by W. Wordsworth. These poems have such odic features as comparisons and conditional and cause-and-effect syntactic constructions. Coleridge’s hymn going back to the psalms of praise was influenced by German Romanticism, while Wordsworth’s hymns feature religious vocabulary and quotations from the Mass. The mythological hymn comes in two versions – one with idyllic features (“Hymn to the Earth” (1799, publ.1834) by S.T. Coleridge) and the mythological hymn-fragment (“Fragment of a mythological hymn to Love” (1812) by T. Moore). The fist is the translation of Stolberg’s hymn, from which the leitmotif of the Earth as the mother and the nanny of the World is borrowed. The image of the Earth has anthropomorphic features, with the marriage of the Earth and Heaven going back to W. Blake. The myth created by T. Moore is more complex. The creation of the world begins with the marriage of Love and Psyche. Love appears as the masculine principle of the Universe, while Psyche as the feminine one. The plot goes back to the ancient myths of the world creation from the Chaos and marriage of Eros and Psyche. However, T. Moore changed the myth and transformed the heroes into a source of life. “Hymn to the Penates” (1796) by R. Southey combines the idyllic, elegiac, publicistic and hymn features proper. The idyllic features are related to the image of the Penates that turn into a force controlling human lives and the souls of the dead. The childhood memories give rise to the elegiac features. The publicistic features appear in the verses of the people who do not worship the Penates. The composition, repetitions and parallelisms in the satirical “A Hymn of Welcome after the Recess” (1813) by T. Moore go back to the hymn genre; however the main stylistic devices used are irony and metonymy. Summing up, the genre of hymn in the works by the Lake Poets and Thomas Moore undergoes significant transformations, which will be further developed in late Romanism.
The Myth of the Eternal Return in Eremey Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University (Surgut, Russian Federation), Larkovich Dmitrii V.
Published: September 2021

The title of the new novel by the Yugra writer Eremey Aipin In Search of the Primordial Land, first published in Russian in 2019, contains an obvious reference to the cultural tradition and suggests the possibility of a scholarly reading of a literary text from the perspective of mythopoetics. The novel organically continues the attitude characteristic of all Aipin’s previous works. This attitude clearly discerns the writer’s desire to see the essence of modern life realities through the prism of traditional values enshrined in the myths and legends of his people. In Aipin’s artistic picture of the world, myth does not just appear as one of its elements. It enters the very flesh of this world, constitutes its foundation, its pivotal ontological and axiological axis. Aipin does not limit himself to the role of a popularizer of the mythological repertoire of the Khanty people. On the basis of traditional images, plots and motives, he builds his own mythological paradigm, in which the system of national and universal values is superimposed on the personal life experience of the author and his heroes. This fundamentally determines the basic principles of Aipin’s artistic expression organization. The article aims to reveal the meaning-forming role of the myth of the eternal return in Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land and to characterize the means of its artistic actualization in the text. During the research, the results of the latest developments in the field of philological regional studies and mythopoetics were taken into account. The analysis of the novel in the context of the traditional culture of the indigenous peoples of Yugra shows that Aipin inextricably connects reflections on the historical fate of Russia with the fate of a person. Despite the fact that the novel is based on the dramatic events of a worldwide scale, it is full of high optimistic sound. According to Aipin’s idea, Russia, which is at the turn of the millennium, is experiencing a situation of the “second world flood”, since the human community lost its spiritual values. The protagonist of the novel is the artist Matvey Taishin. He goes through difficult life trials, but acquires the desired sense of being; he finds it in love and in the awareness of the need to continue life. Using the example of Taishin, Aipin convincingly demonstrates that the revival of Russia is impossible without recognizing its cultural and spiritual origins, without moving towards its own metal Primordial Land. It is this saving path, based on the return to the eternal, timeless values, that will give Russia the opportunity to realize its historical destiny and overcome the state of chaos and decay. The article is the first experience of a conceptual and contextual analysis of Aipin’s In Search of the Primordial Land in Russian literary criticism, which constitutes the novelty of the research.
“Subalterns” of Colonization in the Scholarly, Journalistic and Literary Heritage of Nikolai Yadrintsev
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Churkin Mikhail K.
Published: September 2021

Modern postcolonial studies have developed the definition of internal colonization as a system of regular practices of colonial government and knowledge within the political boundaries of the state. On this scale, relations are formed between the state and its subjects, in which the state treats its subjects as subdued in the course of the conquest, and its own territory as conquered, mysterious, and requiring settlement and “inculturation” from the center. At the same time, the main elements of imperial domination, implemented through coercion, are cultural expansion, hegemony of power, ethnic assimilation within the state borders. The Russian culture of the 19th century formed the plot of internal colonization. It was built around the conflict between the “Man of Power and Culture” and the “Man from the People”. The latter is positioned in the article as a “colonial subaltern” – a disadvantaged, marginalized individual (group) with limited subjectivity. The concept of the subaltern, which is based on A. Gramsci’s idea of hegemony as a variant of voluntary acceptance of relations of domination, suggests that the dominance of the “Man of Power and Culture” is based on the consent of the governed rather than on the methods of violence and genocide. The assertion of the fact that Russia is created through self-colonization and self-sacrifice, and Russian identity is both that of the sovereign and of the subaltern, requires adequate argumentation through rereading and interpreting the plots of internal colonization. In the center of internal colonization are the well-known events of Siberian history: exile and katorga, resettlement, non-Russian question, social life of the borderland, etc. The literary heritage of Nikolai Yadrintsev (articles, poems, feuilletons) provides an opportunity not only to reconstruct the images of “colonial subalternity”, to reconstruct significant episodes of the collective biography of subalterns or to rank them as the indigenous population, old-timers of the region, resettlers from European Russia, but also to hear the voices of the “subalterns” themselves. The postcolonial perspective of the study of the literary works of Yadrintsev, a representative of the liberal segment of the Russian sociopolitical discourse, opens up prospects for identifying the practices and forms of resistance of the voiceless subalterns, the mechanisms of their oppression by both the colonialists and the traditional patriarchal power. When formulating the key findings of the study, the author takes into account that “subalterns”, as a category of the internal colonization process, are initially in double exclusion: their “invisibility” and “inaudibility” is replaced by the right of competing political actors to represent the interests of the subaltern. This invariably creates the danger of perceiving subalterns as coherent political subjects.
The Narrative of Epiphany in the Novels by François Mauriac and Iris Murdoch
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russian Federation), Zuseva-Özkan Veronika B.
Published: September 2021

The article develops the concept of “narrative epiphany”, which goes back to V.I. Tyupa’s narratology. This narrative is described as a variant of a narrative intrigue – the enigmatic intrigue of revelation with a particular “chain of clarifications, approximations, touching the content of life that is beyond human experience”. The author analyses the work of two writers – F. Mauriac and I. Murdoch to describe the religious and non-religious (secular) varieties of the narrative of epiphany. Besides typological similarities, The Sea, the Sea and Maltaverne: A Novel About a Young Man of Long Ago demonstrate genetic affinity. The comparative analysis allows the narrative of epiphany at all levels of the structure. Compositionally, it is characterized by the I-narrator of a twofold architectonic organization, when the work seems to be being written in plain view of the reader and appears to have already been completed, with the hero making his way to become a writer. Among other fundamental characteristics of the hero-storyteller are his confidence in his ability for insights and his power over souls and even the fate of other people, which is described as a kind of “witchcraft”. In terms of motives, the narrative of epiphany is characterized by the theme of the relationship between imagination and reality: the motives are verbal formulas of a cave, a tunnel, a crack, darkness, on the one hand, and light, the sun, an exit from darkness, on the other. There is also a motif of the atoning sacrifice, related to the turning point in the hero’s consciousness. The main plot collision can be described as self-deception of the protagonist, his false ideas about the meaning of his own life, and about relationships with others. The main event is related to the realization of previous illusions. The principal feature of the plot deployment of the narrative epiphany is the impossibility of “putting an end”, because the course of life appears as unstoppable, in spite of all the shocks and insights experienced by the hero, thus in the finale the horizon moves back again.
The Impact of Non-Cognitive Characteristics on the Higher Education Choice-Making: An Economist Perspective
Authors: Rozhkova Ksenia , Roshchin Sergey
Published: September 2021

The article presents a review of literature systematizing findings on the contribution of non-cognitive skills to higher education choice-making. The concept of higher education choice-making in this paper embraces the decision to embark on a college degree, the probability of successful degree completion, the choice of academic discipline, and other related aspects. A priority focus is given to publications in economics since the economic approach differs a lot from approaches in other social sciences. In addition, the article explores the methodological characteristics of non-cognitive skills research in economics. The results of literature analysis point to the relevance of non-cognitive skills in explaining individual educational choices and allow drawing some inferences for education policy.
The Concept of Talent Management and Organizational Commitment of Teachers
Authors: Volkova Natalia , Zaichenko Natalya , Chiker Vera , Gyuninen Oksana
Published: September 2021

A sample of 295 teachers from six educational institutions in the town of Kolpino (Kolpino District, St. Petersburg) is used to explore school teachers’ perception of talent management policies and practices as elements of the school’s organizational culture and to analyze linkages between such practices and teachers’ organizational commitment. The study relied on the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Lyman W. Porter and the new Talent Management in Education questionnaire by Brent Davies and Barbara J. Davies. The latter was adapted for the Russian sample, evidence of the method’s reliability and construct validity being provided in the article. Results show that organizational commitment of teachers is higher in schools where leaders foster professional development, collaboration and collegial decision making. Years of teaching experience do not affect organizational commitment, but younger teachers are more committed to their schools than their older colleagues. Teacher commitment to educational institutions was also found to be predicted by whether teachers perceive talent management practices as elements of the school’s organizational culture.
The USE Test in History and Its Validity: Experts of Regional Subject-Specific Committees Speculating on Free-Response Items
Authors: Fedorov Oleg , Verinchuk Ksenia
Published: September 2021

The Unified State Exam (USE) in Russia is both an achievement and admission test, yet its validity has not been looked into on a large scale. The evolution of USE tests is distinctly marked by a growing number of constructed-response items, which might be affecting the validity of test results in many ways. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 36 USE experts in history allow identifying three major threats to USE validity: assessment criteria for items 24 and 25, item content, and expert bias. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis, the results of which are presented along with recommendations on how to further improve the processes of item design and evaluation.
The geopolitics of the European Green Deal
Authors:   European Council on Foreign Relations, Leonard Mark , Pisani-Ferry Jean ,   Bruegel European Think Tank,   Peterson Institute,   European University, Shapiro Jeremy ,   European Council on Foreign Relations, Tagliapietra Simone ,   Bruegel European Think Tank, Wolf Guntram ,   Bruegel European Think Tank
Published: September 2021

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU’s energy system, profoundly transform the economy and inspire efforts to combat climate change. But the plan will also have profound geopolitical repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border adjustment mechanism. At least some of these changes are likely to impact partner countries adversely. The EU needs to wake up to the consequences abroad of its domestic decisions. It should prepare to help manage the geopolitical aspects of the European Green Deal. Relationships with important neighbourhood countries such as Russia and Algeria, and with global players including the United States, China and Saudi Arabia, are central to this effort, which can be structured around seven actions: 1) Help neighbouring oil and gas-exporting countries manage the repercussions of the European Green Deal. The EU should engage with these countries to foster their economic diversification, including into renewable energy and green hydrogen that could in the future be exported to Europe; 2) Improve the security of critical raw materials supply and limit dependence, first and foremost on China. Essential measures include greater supply diversification, increased recycling volumes and substitution of critical materials; 3) Work with the US and other partners to establish a ‘climate club’ whose members will apply similar carbon border adjustment measures. All countries, including China, would be welcome to join if they commit to abide by the club's objectives and rules; 4) Become a global standard-setter for the energy transition, particularly in hydrogen and green bonds. Requiring compliance with strict environmental regulations as a condition to access the EU market will be strong encouragement to go green for all countries; 5) Internationalise the European Green Deal by mobilising the EU budget, the EU Recovery and Resilience Fund, and EU development policy; 6) Promote global coalitions for climate change mitigation, for example through a global coalition for the permafrost, which would fund measures to contain the permafrost thaw; 7) Promote a global platform on the new economics of climate action to share lessons learned and best practices.
Surpassing the Line: Urban-Oriented Strategies in the Development of Business Complexes in Poland
Authors: Lorens Piotr , Bach-Głowińska Joanna , Habier Michał , Rzepecki Paweł
Published: September 2021

Development trends regarding the business-related urban complexes seem to evolve from the “big-box” towards the more “multi-use” types of structures. Within it, the special role is reserved for places, which—due to economic, political, and geographical reasons—have not been previously considered as major business hubs. Only recently, places like cities in Central and Eastern Europe have become attractive locations for business complexes. These could offer centrally located and attractive locations for new structures, which resulted in the development of the new type of commercial centers—in the form of multi-use districts, walkable, and complemented by other uses. Therefore, to some extent, these cities “surpassed the development line” of the commercial and business complexes, and have become home to something much more advanced. Within the article, the cases from Poland, including Gdańsk, Warsaw, Cracow, and Wroclaw, are discussed. Not only is the urban arrangement of selected complexes presented, but the planning and socio-economic, legal, and infrastructural aspects of these developments are also discussed.
Planning Urban Manufacturing, Industrial Building Typologies, and Built Environments: Lessons From Inner London
Authors: Ferm Jessica , Panayotopoulos-Tsiros Dimitrios , Griffiths Sam
Published: September 2021

Despite concerns about the loss of industry, industrial land, and buildings in high-value post-industrial cities, there is concurrently a renewed enthusiasm around the potential of “new” urban manufacturing and its contribution to the socio-economic diversity of cities. Yet, little is known about how planning policy can best support the retention and growth of urban manufacturing. To advance this agenda, this article proposes that we need a better understanding of industrial building typologies and resultant urban form. Using concepts developed by Julienne Hanson to analyse residential morphologies undergoing transformation under modernism, we apply these concepts to investigate the industrial, mixed-use contexts in two areas of London with concentrations of urban manufacturing—Hackney Mare Street and Old Kent Road. The research presented examines how both areas have evolved historically to produce distinctive urban tissues and a range of industrial building typologies. The article reveals that, despite territorial similarities in the late 19th century, the mixed land uses and smaller plot sizes of Hackney Mare Street have allowed for a more resilient development pattern, whereas the greater separation of land uses, large plot sizes, and inward-facing development in the Old Kent Road has facilitated its reimagination for large-scale regeneration. We conclude that greater attention needs to be paid to the relationship between urban manufacturing and built urban form if policies that aim to protect or support the revival of manufacturing in cities are to avoid negative unintended consequences.
THE THEORETICAL ANALYSES OF THE DEFINITION OF "PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION" AND IT'S ROLE AND PLACE WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF THE MORAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Belichenko L.
Published: September 2021

The issue of psychological support to military personnel especially in the course of the conduct of combat activities is exceptionally up to date. One of the many ways of providing such assistance is the psychological correction. Civil psychologists in the course of their professional activity fully use the opportunities of the psychological correction whilst working with clients. In the context of providing psychological support within the Armed Forces of Ukraine this category has been slightly pushed out. This could be related with several reasons that urge for a separate analysis and highlight. This article presents a thorough theoretical analysis of the concept of psychological correction and its role and place within the system of the moral-psychological support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The guidelines that present the definitions of psychological correction have been analyzed and this created the possibility to identify the two existing directions of psychological correction, namely the annihilation of the negative consequence of participating in combat activities (within the framework of conducting the measures of psychological rehabilitation) and forming the qualities needed for military service (within the framework of the everyday psychological support of service activities) and additional suggestions in terms of directions of its use. The principle differences of such definitions as "psychological correction" "psychological consultation" and "psychotherapy" have been defined. The approaches on determining the psychological correction by civil researchers have been defined, both by foreign and domestic scientists. Such an analysis has allowed developing a unique definition of psychological correction and most certainly whilst including the peculiarities of the activity of military psychologists. The results of the conducted activities that have been highlighted in the article are the fundament for conducting further activity with the issues mentioned, particularly the ability to develop the methodology of using the psychological correction at every of the mentioned stages whilst working with military personnel, as well as the development of an educational program for psychologist-officers and the employees of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to increase their professional qualification in such an important issue.
What should be borne in mind when examining biopsies and tissue pieces in general for diagnostic purposes
Authors: Vasilieva I. P.
Published: September 2021

With the development of pathological anatomy (resp. Histology), it has become quite common that a part of a clinical diagnosis, and sometimes its main essence, receive a response from the named discipline. The pathologist most often in such cases has to deal with tissue pieces biopsied or scraped out in various ways, with blastomas and whole organs removed surgically. In more rare cases, self-excreted tissue parts serve as material.
On the role of the adrenal glands in the biochemistry of the body
Authors: Shcherbakov S. A. , Zimnitsky V. S. , Dmitriev V. R.
Published: September 2021

Anyone who runs the risk of stepping on the shaky soil of the endocrine glands must walk on it carefully, since there is nothing more disastrous, says Nobekur. II indeed, we know that despite the colossal amount of research accumulated in the endocrinological literature, we all have a number of conflicting opinions and hypotheses, sometimes mutually exclusive of each other.
Experience of experimental study of ovariolysates professor Tushnova
Authors: Sigalevich A. I.
Published: September 2021

Over the past two years, quite a lot of attention has been attracted by the work of Professor Tushnov, who put forward and defends the hypothesis that natural or artificial decay products of individual highly differentiated tissues, entering the body parenterally, cause irritation of the corresponding cells in it, and depending on the dose and state organ, a different effect of irritation is obtained from the excitement of the functional activity of the given organ to its complete atrophy. "
On the question of uremia
Authors: Speransky S. I.
Published: September 2021

The issue of renal diseases has undergone significant changes in a relatively short time and has been enriched by new facts. The classification of Volchard and Fahr, combining the pathological and anatomical and clinical worldviews, constituted a major stage in the history of the development of the clinic of renal diseases. Further development of the issue opened up completely new horizons.
A case of prolonged infringement of the penis by a rail nut
Authors: Kovalevsky S. F.
Published: September 2021

19 / II, 1929, a trackman at one of the distant stations G., 26 years old, married with children, turned to me for help. Almost two years ago, in a circle of guys, they argued: who can put a nut on a penis. Betting. G. planted a 7 inch (160 g) nut all the way to the root of his penis and won the bet. And when he wanted to take it back, it turned out to be impossible due to the swelling of the penis that quickly set in.
III Regional Congress of otorhinolaryngologists in Kazan
Authors: Wolfson Z. I. , Trutnev N. K.
Published: September 2021

From 8 to 11 June 1929, the III Regional Congress of Otorhinolaryngologists was held in Kazan. 148 delegates attended the Congress, 29 towns were represented, including cities in distant outskirts (Tashkent, Irkutsk, Baku and Grozny). The congress was very lively. Periphery doctors, along with academic staff, had the opportunity to freely exchange views on issues of interest to them, as a result of which the sessions of the Congress were lengthened by 2-3 hours with the unremitting attention of the participants.
An empirical study of New England seismicity: 1727-1977
Authors: Street R. , Lacroix A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Isoseismal map measurements and magnitudes of several recent central and northeastern North American earthquakes are related by multiple regression analysis in order that mbLg magnitudes can be estimated for those noninstrumentally-recorded New England events whose total felt area is known to be ≧10,000 km2 and which occurred after 1727. Magnitude estimates of the noninstrumentally-recorded events permit New England seismicity to be studied on a basis other than the heretofore conventional maximum epicentral intensity approach.
Low-velocity zone inversion by the Wiechert-Herglotz integral
Authors: McMechan George A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Defining a p-Δ curve in terms of the Δ of the turning point of a ray rather than the point of emergence at the surface allows a p-Δ curve to be produced for a low-velocity zone. This curve can be explicitly inverted by performing three Weichert-Herglotz integrals, two of which are for the low-velocity zone contribution.
Dynamic characteristics of ground motions due to blasting
Authors: Medearis Kenneth
Published: September 2021

abstract

There is considerable evidence that more rational damage criteria need to be generated with regard to low-rise structures subjected to seismic ground motions. There is not sufficient basis for specifying a maximum ground particle velocity criterion, such as 2 in/sec. A peak ground velocity guideline does not currently take into account a number of important parameters, including the predominant frequencies of the ground motion excitation and the structure being excited. Although a number of states have adopted peak-velocity criteria, such criteria have been ruled inadequate in certain legal decisions affecting blasting operations. The development of more rational damage criteria is thus of significant importance. Such criteria must necessarily consider the dynamic characteristics of seismic ground motions, i.e., pertinent and dominant frequency characteristics, response and Fourier spectra, etc. Very little analysis has been done with regard to determining the dynamic characteristics of blasting ground motions, however.

This paper describes a research effort concerned with the determination of these characteristics for a sizeable number of actual blasting records using appropriate theoretical and computer analyses. Peak ground motion versus charge and distance relationships were derived, as well as pertinent response spectra. Statistical representations of the latter were also obtained using some 200 ground motions.
An earthquake swarm at Lake Keowee, South Carolina
Authors: Talwani Pradeep , Stevenson Donald , Amick David , Chiang Jin
Published: September 2021

abstract

An earthquake swarm occurred near Lake Keowee, South Carolina in January to February 1978. The swarm was monitored by using portable seismographs. The shallow (<3 km), low level (ML ≦ 2.2), intense (up to 200 events per day) activity occurred in a narrow elliptical epicentral region (2 by 3 km). This active area trends NW-SE, normal to local geologic grain, and appears to be related to the steeply dipping NE trending joints.

A search for earlier seismicity in the area suggests that this swarm is possibly related to the Seneca earthquake of 1971 which followed the impounding of Lake Keowee.
What the Plague Tells Me and What it Can’t: Moral Lessons from Two Novels
Authors: López Roger
Published: September 2021

This article turns to Jack London’s and Albert Camus’ novels about contagion to try to tease out some of the moral meanings of the pandemic we are currently living through. In many ways, these works are prescient, and can thus serve as commentary on the situation we find ourselves in. In others, their narratives differ from each other and from our experience; the differences signal what is at stake in some of our circumstances. Camus’ ideal of solidarity focuses my discussion. I show how certain conditions associated with an outbreak provide occasions for solidarity, but also examine several obstacles to it. Many of those obstacles, I contend, have to do with the limitations on what we can know – about ourselves, one another, and the world. In the end, I argue that complete solidarity may require us to reconceive our relationship to our communal past and the natural world.
El escotoma cultural en tiempos de pandemia. El empobrecimiento de la función simbólica del hombre
Authors: Cardona Suárez Luis Fernando
Published: September 2021

This text addresses the cultural scotoma of these times of pandemic. To do this, we seek to apply the metaphor of the scotoma, used by Oliver Sacks in the clinical setting, expanding it to examine the cultural phenomenon of the pandemic. This scotoma is characterized by the impoverishment of the symbolic function of man. This impoverishment can be seen, for example, in the cultural phenomena of statistical panic and the loss of the most basic rituals, through which man used to face death. The examination of this scotoma is carried out in the light of the philosophical anthropology inspired by Cassirer and Blumenberg, insofar as this anthropology highlights the existence of man in his symbolic function.
La modernità cartesiana: un paradigma di interpretazione
Authors: Gatto Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Descartes is usually considered as the father of Western rationalism and the thinker who made the cogito and the subjective element the cornerstone of philosophical investigation. This article aims to analyze the history of this hermeneutic paradigm by verifying the main turning points which transformed this reading into the traditional approach to Cartesian thinking and modern philosophy. Starting from M. Heidegger’s analysis, the article proceeds backwards and identifies the main phases of this interpretation giving a sharper focus on F. Nietzsche, F. W. J. Schelling, G. W. F. Hegel and, lastly, I. Kant. At the end of the analysis, the article highlights the significant continuity of the different interpretations: even those philosophers, such as Heidegger and Nietzsche, who radically questioned the Cartesian modernity paradigm, assumed the same interpretation which supported that paradigm among their premises and allowed this interpretation to prosper and dominate the hermeneutic scene still nowadays.
Social Work in the Shadow of Death
Authors: Stevenson Rae Rosario , Blakey Joan M.
Published: September 2021

In its current form, the field of social work does not reflect the ongoing reality of Black death and the embeddedness of anti-Blackness in everyday life. This omission leads to catastrophic failures of the profession’s most essential tasks: the advancement of social justice and future social workers’ education. This paper will discuss why the police’s ongoing murder of Black people will not be resolved by simply replacing the police with social workers. We will argue that social workers serving Black people must anchor their work in theoretical perspectives articulated by Black people. Finally, we challenge social work to live up to its social justice mission by divesting from systems of social control and anchoring their work in theoretical perspectives articulated by Black people.
Social Work Education in the Shadow of Confederate Statues and the Specter of White Supremacy
Authors: Albritton Travis , Watkins Charity S. , De Marco Allison , Przewoznik JP , Heil Andrew
Published: September 2021

Driven by our code of ethics and our call to reckon with our embeddedness within a white supremacist institution in the US South, the UNC-Chapel Hill School of Social Work re-visioned our approach to the MSW curriculum. Using case study methods, we trace our history and on-going work through interviews, document review, and community conversations, centering student voices. Students interviewed spoke about activism prompted by racist events on campus and nationally, and the inadequate response from the administration. Their efforts led to school-wide initiatives including curriculum shifts and accountability and action. The first-year generalist course, Confronting Oppression and Institutional Discrimination was restructured and resituated. Critical Race Theory was infused across the coursework. Two new working groups were created: The Anti-Racism Task Force and Reconciliation Standing Committee. Efforts to address racism and white supremacy in academic spaces require sustained activism to expose how racism is embedded within our institutions. While much work remains in the practice of becoming an antiracist institution, this model can serve as a prototype for others as they work to create programs that are site-specific and universally reflective of the institutional changes we need.