bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating habits and lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 lockdown: The Lebanese experience
Authors: Haidar Suzan , Cherfan Michelle , Hallit Souheil , Rahal Mohamad , Safwan Jihan
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess dietary intake and lifestyle habits followed during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, as well as the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), among a sample of the Lebanese population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted during the government-enforced lockdown. A validated, online, questionnaire was used to collect information about dietary and lifestyle habits. The Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) was used to assess adherence to the MD.

Results

A total of 1684 participants responded to the survey. Their mean age was 23.92 ± 7.62 years, and 70.4% were females. Approximately a third of the participants reported that their dietary habits did not change and 42.3% acknowledged that their eating habits deteriorated during the lockdown. Participants smoked less and slept more during the lockdown compared to before it. Approximately 19.2% of the sample reported low adherence to the MD whereas 63.9% and 16.9% described moderate and high adherence respectively. Only age was significantly associated with higher MD adherence.

Conclusion

Dietary intake and MD adherence were suboptimal during the COVID-19 lockdown among the sample of the Lebanese population. It is critical that the Lebanese government implements public health programs in order to promote awareness about the importance of adhering to a healthy lifestyle and making appropriate dietary and lifestyle choices.
Spatial price transmission in the onion markets of Bangladesh: An application of NARDL approach
Authors: Mila Farhana Arefeen , Nahar Ashrafun , Hossain Md. Emran , Amin Md. Ruhul
Published: April 2023

As the price of local onions is greatly impacted by the price of imported onions at these two levels of the supply chain, the goal of this study was to ascertain whether onion prices in Bangladesh are transmitted asymmetrically at the wholesale and retail levels. To analyze asymmetry, the study employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model in the short and long run using monthly time series data from January 2006 to December 2020. The NARDL model captures the effects of both positive and negative shocks in the short as well as in the long run. The empirical results from the NARDL indicate that the wholesale price of local onion shares a short-run relationship with the wholesale price of imported onion while the local retail price of onion shares a long-run relationship with the imported retail price of onion. In addition, the short-run impact of local wholesale and imported wholesale prices is asymmetric. Long-run evidence supports the existence of an asymmetric effect between the local and imported retail onion prices. Using the Pairwise Granger causality test, we examined the causal relationships between wholesale and retail prices. The direction of the casual relationship indicates that the wholesale and retail prices of imported onions lead to the wholesale and retail prices of local onions. A clear understanding of the onion market, how prices move between market actors, and its role in determining market price interaction could be gained by analyzing the asymmetric relationship between the local and imported onion prices. As a result, significant policy recommendations could be made to control the onion price in Bangladesh.
Video triage of children with respiratory symptoms at a medical helpline is safe and feasible–a prospective quality improvement study
Authors: Gren Caroline , Hasselager Asbjoern Boerch , Linderoth Gitte , Frederiksen Marianne Sjølin , Folke Fredrik , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi , Cortes Dina
Published: April 2023

Background

Young children are among the most frequent patients at medical call centers, even though they are rarely severely ill. Respiratory tract symptoms are among the most prevalent reasons for contact in pediatric calls. Triage of children without visual cues and through second-hand information is perceived as difficult, with risks of over- and under-triage.

Objective

To study the safety and feasibility of introducing video triage of young children with respiratory symptoms at the medical helpline 1813 (MH1813) in Copenhagen, Denmark, as well as impact on patient outcome.

Methods

Prospective quality improvement study including 617 patients enrolled to video or standard telephone triage (1:1) from February 2019-March 2020. Data originated from MH1813 patient records, survey responses, and hospital charts. Primary outcome was difference in patients staying at home eight hours after the call. Secondary outcomes weas hospital outcome, feasibility and acceptability. Adverse events (intensive care unit admittance, lasting injuries, death) were registered. Logistic regression was used to test the effect on outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic shut the study down prematurely.

Results

In total, 54% of the included patients were video-triaged., and 63% of video triaged patients and 58% of telephone triaged patients were triaged to stay at home, (p = 0.19). Within eight and 24 hours, there was a tendency of fewer video-triaged patients being assessed at hospitals: 39% versus 46% (p = 0.07) and 41% versus 49% (p = 0.07), respectively. At 24 hours after the call, 2.8% of the patients were hospitalized for at least 12 hours. Video triage was highly feasible and acceptable (>90%) and no adverse events were registered.

Conclusion

Video triage of young children with respiratory symptoms at a medical call center was safe and feasible. Only about 3% of all children needed hospitalization for at least 12 hours. Video triage may optimize hospital referrals and increase health care accessibility.
Inoculum source dependent effects of ericoid, mycorrhizal fungi on flowering and reproductive success in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Authors: O’Neill Erin , Brody Alison K. , Ricketts Taylor
Published: April 2023

Most terrestrial angiosperms form mutualisms with both mycorrhizal fungi and animal pollinators. Yet, the effects of mycorrhizae on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction are unknown for most species, and whether the source or type of mycorrhizal fungi affects reproductive success has rarely been examined. We examined whether inoculating highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum; Ericaceae) with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi enhanced investment in flowering and attractiveness to pollinators, and thus reduced their levels of pollen limitation over that of non-inoculated plants. We also examined the degree to which pollen limitation was dependent on inoculation source and the surrounding pollinator community context. Three-year-old saplings of Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Bluecrop’ or highbush blueberry (Ericaceae) were inoculated with a) ericoid mycorrhizal fungi within soil of the rhizosphere of plants growing at a local blueberry farm, b) a commercially available ericoid inoculant, c) both the local soils and commercial inoculum, or d) were not inoculated and served as controls. They were grown for one year in pots in a common garden and, in the following year, were moved to six farms in central Vermont that were known from prior studies to differ in pollinator abundance and diversity. We conducted a hand pollination experiment at each farm to examine if inoculation or pollinator abundance (i.e., farm context) affected reproductive success. Plants treated with all types of inoculums were more likely to flower, and produced more inflorescence buds than non-inoculated plants in 2018. However, in 2019, plants in the combination inoculum treatment, alone, produced more inflorescence buds than those in the other treatments. Neither the source of inoculum nor hand pollination affected fruit set (the proportion of flowers setting fruit), or fruit sugar content. Hand pollination, but not inoculation, increased berry mass and the average number of seeds produced/berry. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that mycorrhizal fungi can affect reproductive traits of their hosts but that the effects of mycorrhizal fungi depend on the mycorrhizal symbionts.
CMPK2 restricts Zika virus replication by inhibiting viral translation
Authors: Pawlak Joanna B. , Hsu Jack Chun-Chieh , Xia Hongjie , Han Patrick , Suh Hee-Won , Grove Tyler L. , Morrison Juliet , Shi Pei-Yong , Cresswell Peter , Laurent-Rolle Maudry
Published: April 2023

Flaviviruses continue to emerge as global health threats. There are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral treatments for flaviviral infections. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify host and viral factors that can be targeted for effective therapeutic intervention. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production in response to microbial products is one of the host’s first line of defense against invading pathogens. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is a type I interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that exerts antiviral effects. However, the molecular mechanism by which CMPK2 inhibits viral replication is unclear. Here, we report that CMPK2 expression restricts Zika virus (ZIKV) replication by specifically inhibiting viral translation and that IFN-I- induced CMPK2 contributes significantly to the overall antiviral response against ZIKV. We demonstrate that expression of CMPK2 results in a significant decrease in the replication of other pathogenic flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV-2), Kunjin virus (KUNV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). Importantly, we determine that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of CMPK2, which lacks kinase activity, is sufficient to restrict viral translation. Thus, its kinase function is not required for CMPK2’s antiviral activity. Furthermore, we identify seven conserved cysteine residues within the NTD as critical for CMPK2 antiviral activity. Thus, these residues may form an unknown functional site in the NTD of CMPK2 contributing to its antiviral function. Finally, we show that mitochondrial localization of CMPK2 is required for its antiviral effects. Given its broad antiviral activity against flaviviruses, CMPK2 is a promising potential pan-flavivirus inhibitor.
A replicon RNA vaccine can induce durable protective immunity from SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates after neutralizing antibodies have waned
Authors: O’Connor Megan A. , Hawman David W. , Meade-White Kimberly , Leventhal Shanna , Song Wenjun , Randall Samantha , Archer Jacob , Lewis Thomas B. , Brown Brieann , Fredericks Megan N. , Sprouse Kaitlin R. , Tunggal Hillary C. , Maughan Mara , Iwayama Naoto , Ahrens Chul , Garrison William , Wangari Solomon , Guerriero Kathryn A. , Hanley Patrick , Lovaglio Jamie , Saturday Greg , Veesler David , Edlefsen Paul T. , Khandhar Amit P. , Feldmann Heinz , Fuller Deborah Heydenburg , Erasmus Jesse H.
Published: April 2023

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health agencies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues. Emergent variants of concern, waning immunity in the vaccinated, evidence that vaccines may not prevent transmission and inequity in vaccine distribution have driven continued development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to address these public health needs. In this report, we evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pigtail macaque model of COVID-19 disease. We found that this vaccine elicited strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses against homologous virus. We also observed broad binding antibody against heterologous contemporary and ancestral strains, but neutralizing antibody responses were primarily targeted to the vaccine-homologous strain. While binding antibody responses were sustained, neutralizing antibody waned to undetectable levels in some animals after six months but were rapidly recalled and conferred protection from disease when the animals were challenged 7 months after vaccination as evident by reduced viral replication and pathology in the lower respiratory tract, reduced viral shedding in the nasal cavity and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate in pigtail macaques that a self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine can elicit durable and protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that this vaccine can provide durable protective efficacy and reduce viral shedding even after neutralizing antibody responses have waned to undetectable levels.
Until Law Do Us Part: An Explorative Study of Attitudes to Polygamy in Italy
Authors: Calzolari Fabio
Published: April 2023

Polygamy – a type of relationship where a person marries more than one partner - is one of the most divisive issues within modern Italian society. Yet, the international literature remains mostly silent on Italian citizens’ reasons against and for it. The present paper fills such a gap by highlighting the narratives of 22 individuals aged between their late-20s and mid-50s. Results show that most participants believe there is a troubling correlation between polygamy and harm to women and children. Slippery slope objections were commonplace in all the discussions. For instance, many respondents asserted that the practice leads to the most radical transformation of the notion of marriage and by consequence, of the family. Others felt it increases the likelihood that unmarried men resort to crime as a means to gain material and symbolic resources such as partners and status. Notably, these perspectives may be expected to mirror those of society at large. Future research should demonstrate whether balance can be struck between the measures required by Italian law to protect people from violence, and preserving the right to marry. However, scholars must avoid playing into the mainstream narrative that polygamy is inherently adversarial to Western values.
Does Alcohol Consumption Predict (In)stability of Earnings? Empirical Evidence from Russia
Authors: Askarova Feruza
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to explore the link between alcohol consumption and the (in)stability of earnings in Russia. Using annual data from the Russian Longitudinal and Monitoring Survey (RLMS) covering the years 1995-2018, we find that alcohol intake is significantly and positively associated with instability of earnings. This result remains robust even when we conduct a series of robustness tests.
Consejerías nutricionales online en la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Chile, una nueva actividad de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las prácticas profesionales
Authors: Molina Carrasco Paulina , Herrera Rojas Paulina , Zamudio Cañas Carolina , Chavarría Tapia Christopher , Daniels Silva Bernardita , Cáceres Rodríguez Paola , Basfi-Fer Obregón Karen , Riveros Brieba Constanza , Bustamante González Evelyn
Published: April 2023

Introducción: Debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, la Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética de laUniversidad de Chile, suspendió todas las prácticas profesionales (PP) presenciales,incorporando la Consejería Nutricional Online (CNO) como actividad de telemedicina. Elobjetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción de estudiantes, usuarias/os y docentessupervisores respecto a la implementación, satisfacción usuaria y el desempeño estudiantil enlas CNO, como una nueva actividad de enseñanza aprendizaje.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, con muestreo noprobabilístico. Se invitó a participar a estudiantes (n=42), usuarios/as (n=133) y docentessupervisores (n=6) y se evaluó con encuestas semiestructuradas online el nivel de satisfacciónusuaria, percepción de la implementación y del desempeño estudiantil. Se analizaronresultados cuantitativos y cualitativos con programa Excel de Office.Resultados: Un 55,6% de usuarios/as respondió la encuesta, el 100% de los/as docentes y el87,2% del estudiantado. Las/os usuarias/os participantes, percibieron una alta satisfacción porlas CNO (95,9%), en términos de su buena implementación (98,1%) y buena atención recibidapor el estudiantado (98,6%). Tanto estudiantes (83,3%) como docentes (79,6%), percibieronun alto nivel de satisfacción relacionado a la implementación de la actividad. En cuanto aldesempeño estudiantil, estudiantes (89,7%) y docentes (86,7%) percibieron un alto nivel dedesempeño.Conclusiones: Se evaluaron percepciones usuarias, docentes y estudiantiles, respecto a lasatisfacción usuaria, implementación y desempeño estudiantil en las CNO, obteniéndose unaalta valoración por parte de todos los involucrados. Se sugiere considerar a la CNO como unaestrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje permanente y complementaria a actividades de PPpresencial.Financiación: Los autores declaran que no recibieron financiación externa de fondosconcursables, becas u otros. Los equipos tecnológicos y materiales de escritorio utilizadosfueron proporcionados por la Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Chile.
Social labs as good practice for transdisciplinary engagement processes in research and innovation
Authors: Marschalek ilse , Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Seebacher Lisa M. , Hofer Margit , Handler Katharina
Published: April 2023

This article discusses a ‘Social Lab process’ applied in the field of research and innovation as good practice for transdisciplinary processes, and elaborates upon the structure and dynamics of these processes. It sheds light on how engagement processes could be set up for a more inclusive and participant-friendly atmosphere, allowing for meaningful and sustainable outcomes. Supported by data from a qualitative analysis of 19 Social Lab experiences according to the thematic programmes of the European Commission Horizon 2020 research framework programme, this article outlines requirements that need to be taken into account when implementing a transdisciplinary process in a Social Lab. Based on the concept of transdisciplinary research and the experience of this one-and-a-half-year process, the elements of participatory approaches required for successful implementation of a Social Lab, starting with inviting participants to develop small implementation projects (pilot activities) are described. The qualitative analysis of the process documentations highlights the importance of a clear definition of the framework and purpose of the process. Concrete assignments of the lab teams and roles, and the implementation of pilot activities, further proved crucial for successful and sustainable results. On this basis, recommendations for a fruitful participatory process are formulated.
Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activity of Rabdosia rugosa (Wall. ex Benth.) H. Hara Extract from Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Mehta Monika , Puri Richa , Angmo Dechan , Devi Geeta
Published: April 2023

Rabdosia rugosa (Wall. ex Benth.) H. Hara. (Syn. Plectranthusrugosus Wall.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used by local communities of the Kinnaur district to cure diabetes. The selection of the plant material is based upon data that aerial parts of the plant (leaves along with flowers) are used in folklore to manage the postprandial hike in blood sugar levels. Therefore, in the present investigation, antiradical and antidiabetic activities of the ethanolic extract of the plant were checked. Preliminary tests for phytochemicals, total phenols, and flavenoids were also determined. Our results manifested that R. rugosa (Rabdosia rugosa) extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity (p˂0.05) by DPPH and H2O2 assays with IC50 = 9.62 ± 2.70 μg/ml and IC50 = 28.22 ± 2.94 μg/ml. This plant also exhibited preeminent repression action against the enzyme, i.e., alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase (p˂0.05) with IC50 = 10.49 ± 6.17 μg/ml (Porcine α – amylase), IC50 = 1.87 ± 1.79 μg/ml (Yeast α - glucosidase), ( IC50 = 16.89 ± 0. 06 μg/ml(Intestinal rat α - glucosidase) Hence, we concluded that present plant possessed excellent antiradical and antidiabetic activity. The antidiabetic activity was estimated higher than the standard Acarbose. As per our information, this may be the first time to report on the extract of R. rugosa for its antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity. The current findings divulge that this plant can further be studied to verify its therapeutic activities.
Economic and Environmental Conditions for the Diffusion of Insurance in Three Non-Euro-American Regions During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Pearson Robin , Daudi Francis , Kocher Eva , Musterle Claus
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses the macroeconomic and environmental conditions for the spread of insurance in three non-Western world regions (China, Middle East and sub-Sahara Africa). Focusing on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it examines the patterns of economic development relevant for the growth of insurance in these regions, and compares these against standard economic models of insurance diffusion. The paper argues that the growth of insurance must be explained by more than a simple linear relationship with the growth of per capita incomes. As well as income levels, other factors affecting insurance development include urbanization, taxation, savings rates, legal compulsion to insure, state provision of social security, state-owned insurance bodies and the presence of large infrastructural projects. The second part of the paper focuses on environmental conditions in these regions that drove insurance growth, including climate and geography, demography, drought and disease, building materials and risk-reduction technologies.
Stable pair compactification of moduli of K3 surfaces of degree 2
Authors: Alexeev Valery , Engel Philip , Thompson Alan
Published: April 2023

We prove that the universal family of polarized K3 surfaces of degree 2 can be extended to a flat family of stable KSBA pairs

(
X
,

ϵ
⁢
R

)

(X,\epsilon R)

over the toroidal compactification associated to the Coxeter fan.
One-parameter degenerations of K3 surfaces in this family are described by integral-affine structures on a sphere with 24 singularities.
Automatic Exercise Generation for Exploring Connections between Mathematics and Music
Authors: Brito Irene , Almeida José João , Machado Gaspar J.
Published: April 2023

Mathematics and Music are closely connected and their multifaceted relationship has been explored since ancient times. Pythagoras was one of the first who discovered and formalized one of those connections by studying the arithmetic of musical intervals, expressing them by numerical ratios and relating ratios to consonance/dissonance notions, being the Pythagorean tuning and scale based on arithmetic principles. Another interesting link between Mathematics and Music is the geometric approach to musical composition. Geometric patterns are present in different musical style compositions and some composing techniques, such as the 12-tone technique, use geometric transformations, involving also applications of modular arithmetic and set theory to Music. The aim of this work is to present existing relations between Mathematics and Music and to propose automatic exercise generation for exploring and studying those relations. The exercises are generated using the system MVGEN and the LaTeX package MusiXTeX. The generation process and the automatically generated exercises can be used for creating learning and assessment materials for education in Mathematics and Music, linking Science and Art.
Study on the Early Cretaceous fluvial-desert sedimentary paleogeography in the Northwest of Ordos Basin
Authors: Feng Yangwei , Ren Yan , Xia Fei , Jiang Ting , Lu Fengxian , Guo Jiazeng
Published: April 2023

Early Cretaceous desert sedimentary system was developed in Northwest Ordos Basin. At present, the research degree of desert sedimentary paleogeography is low. The research on paleogeographic environment of Early Cretaceous sedimentary sandstone has guiding significance for the exploration of uranium resource and underground water resource in Northwest Ordos Basin. Based on the previous basic geological data of the lower Cretaceous in the Northwest of Ordos, through field geological survey, drilling core observation, and paleocurrent measurement, the sedimentary paleogeographic environments in different periods of Early Cretaceous had been studied. The results show that the lower Cretaceous in Northwestern Ordos Basin can be divided into two sedimentary cycles, the lower sedimentary cycle composed of Luohe Formation and Huachi-Huanhe Formation, and the upper sedimentary cycle composed of Luohandong Formation and Jingchuan Formation. Alluvial, Aeolian, and desert lake depositional systems were developed. The main sedimentary facies were alluvial fan, braided river, sand dune, dry valley, and dry lake. Alluvial fan and braided river facies had mainly developed in Luohe Formation. Braided fluvial facies mainly had developed in Huachi-Huanhe Formation, and alluvial fans locally developed around it. The deposits in Luohandong Formation were mainly aeolian sandstone, and the alluvial fan facies were inherently developed at Western and Northern margins. The depositional environment of Jingchuan formation is mainly river and lake. The tectonic evolution of lower Cretaceous had controlled the development of paleogeographic environment, and sedimentary facies had controlled the development of aquifer system. The paleogeographic environment of Early Cretaceous is conducive to the reduction and enrichment of uranium and the development of metallogenic units.
Recovery of critical metals from carbonatite-type mineral wastes: Geochemical modeling investigation of (bio)hydrometallurgical leaching of REEs
Authors: Odimba Nneka Joyce , Khalidy Reza , Bakhshoodeh Reza , Santos Rafael M.
Published: April 2023

Rare earth elements (REEs) are typically found in low concentrations within natural rocks that make up mine tailings, such as carbonates in association with silicates within carbonatite igneous rocks, so it is of interest to develop (bio)hydrometallurgical ways to liberate them from the silicate matrix. This work investigated, through geochemical modeling, the extraction of europium and ytterbium carbonates from rocks containing one of four silicates (chrysotile, forsterite, montmorillonite, and phlogopite) via chemical (mineral acid) or biological (organic acid) leaching. The results indicated conditions that led to either congruent or incongruent dissolution of the mineral phases and the formation of transient mineral phases. Chemical leaching models suggest that REE carbonates are recoverable in one-step leaching from forsterite and chrysotile rocks, while they are recoverable in a secondary leaching step from montmorillonite and phlogopite rocks. Gibbsite as a transient phase is shown to complicate REE recovery, potentially requiring reactive extraction. REEs have the potential to be recovered from silicate rocks via chemoorganotrophic bioleaching, but the process configuration would differ depending on the predominant minerals that make up the rock, and the type of REE present in it.
Personalized decision making – A conceptual introduction
Authors: Mueller Scott , Pearl Judea
Published: April 2023

Personalized decision making targets the behavior of a specific individual, while population-based decision making concerns a subpopulation resembling that individual. This article clarifies the distinction between the two and explains why the former leads to more informed decisions. We further show that by combining experimental and observational studies, we can obtain valuable information about individual behavior and, consequently, improve decisions over those obtained from experimental studies alone. In particular, we show examples where such a combination discriminates between individuals who can benefit from a treatment and those who cannot – information that would not be revealed by experimental studies alone. We outline areas where this method could be of benefit to both policy makers and individuals involved.
Digital competence in laboratory medicine
Authors: Adler Jakob , Lenski Marie , Tolios Alexander , Taie Santiago Fares , Sopic Miron , Rajdl Daniel , Rampul Ashlin , Sancesario Giulia , Biemann Ronald
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Even though most physicians and professionals in laboratory medicine have received basic training in statistics, experience shows that a general understanding of data analysis is not yet available on a broad scale. Therefore, data literacy, data-driven decision making, and computational thinking should be implemented in future educational training. To evaluate the state of digital competence among young scientists (YS) in laboratory medicine, we launched a worldwide online survey.

Methods

A global online survey was conducted from 25/05/2022 to 26/06/2022 and was disseminated to YS who are listed in three large networks: YS of the DGKL, the EFLM Task Group-YS, and IFCC Task Force-YS and its corresponding members, covering a base of 53 countries.

Results

A total of 119 young scientists from 40 countries participated in this survey. 80 % did not learn digital skills in their academic education but 96 % felt they needed to. Digital literacy was associated with terms such as programming, artificial intelligence and machine learning, statistics, communication, Big Data and data analytics.

Conclusions

The results of our survey show that more knowledge and training in the area of digital skills is not just necessary, but also wanted by young scientists. A varied learning environment consisting of tutorial articles, videos, exercises, technical articles, collection of helpful links, online meetings and in person bootcamps is crucial to meet the challenges of an international project with different languages, health systems and time zones.
Die Belagerung von Leningrad: Dimensionen der Zeitwahrnehmung
Authors: Sturkin Olga
Published: April 2023

Die Rolle der Zeit in Kriegen ist in der historischen Gewaltforschung bislang nur ansatzweise thematisiert worden. Als eine der Grundkategorien, die die Gewalt modellieren, kann die Zeit einen neuen Blick auf die Gewaltunternehmungen bieten, insbesondere auf ihre Planung, Wahrnehmung und Reflexion. Der Beitrag untersucht die Zeitregime und die Zeitwahrnehmung des sowjetischen Oberkommandos und der Zivilbevölkerung in der ersten Phase der Belagerung von Leningrad Herbst 1941–Winter 1941/42. Analysiert werden sowjetische Militärberichte und Niederschriften der Telefonate zwischen dem Hauptquartier des Kommandos des Obersten Befehlshabers in Moskau, dem Leningrader Kriegsrat und der Führung der Leningrader und der Volchov-Front sowie Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen der Leningrader Stadtbevölkerung. Ziel ist, die Bedeutung von Zeit in der Kriegführung des 20. Jahrhunderts an einem konkreten Beispiel zu verdeutlichen.
Establishment of nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest under the background of big data
Authors: He Jinkui , Su Weibin
Published: April 2023

In order to explore the establishment of a nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest in the context of big data, a multi-level network security knowledge system evaluation model based on random forest is proposed. This article proposes a multi-level CSSA analysis system and then uses random memory algorithm to create a CSSA evaluation model. Also, it proposes a CSSA multi-level analysis framework and then uses random forest algorithm to build a CSSA evaluation model. A random vector distribution of the same values is used for all forest trees. In this article, the interval [0,1] is used to quantitatively describe the weight of the security level. The training sample ratio of test samples is 110:40, in order to predict the security of the network, the prediction of knowledge is closer to the true value, and the complexity of multi-level security is predicted. Use unusual forests. The tree returns the most recommended part, which is a more realistic assessment of network security. The experimental results show that considering the network security situation, the prediction performance of this method is closer to the actual value, and the performance is better than the other two methods. Therefore, perception of multi-level security situations can be effectively predicted using random access memory. It is proved that random forest is faster and more efficient in network security.
Natural product nanofibers derived from Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control citrus anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Phal Pheaktra , Soytong Kasem , Poeaim Supattra
Published: April 2023

The antifungal activity of Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides C01 was recorded. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides C01 on citrus leaves was confirmed by the Koch postulate. T. hamatum K01 inhibited the colony growth and conidia production of C. gloeosporioides C01 by 70.55 and 79.07%, respectively. Crude extracts from T. hamatum K01 expressed an antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides C01. The crude TK01-MeOH showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 273 and 355 ppm, respectively. Nanofiber TK01M gave the highest inhibition on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 13 and 3 ppm, respectively. Control mechanism was related to the major pyrone metabolite group (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one), organic compounds (benzoic acid, hexadecane, tetracosane), fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and ethyl oleate), and sorbicillin from GC-MS analysis, which were produced by T. hamatum K01. It is reported for the first time to isolate secondary metabolite pyrone (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) from T. hamatum K01, and the first report of nanofibers constructed from T. hamatum K01 against C. gloeosporioides.
The Blurry Third Millennium. “Neolithisation” in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Nyland Astrid J. , Hofmann Daniela , Iversen Rune
Published: April 2023

In this article, we critically review recurrent tropes, implicit frameworks, and unexplained concepts in current research on the process of “Neolithisation” in the western part of southern Norway. Two models are on offer, as also seen elsewhere in the European research: either 1) the transition to agriculture is rapid and substantially carried by migrants, or 2) the Late Neolithic transition builds on a long history of local adaptation. After outlining these models, we scrutinise especially west Norwegian evidence, pointing out ambiguities and limitations in the material which mean that neither of the two models fit. In the final section, we consider which new questions could be asked to move beyond the current, somewhat polarised debate: Who are the actors of the transition, how are boundaries between groups created, and can the acknowledgement of the complexity of the process of ‘migration’ result in new narratives? Addressing these questions remains a fundamental challenge for archaeological migration studies as a whole.
Adsorption capacity of biocarbons from residue of supercritical extraction of raw plants
Authors: Bazan-Wozniak Aleksandra , Yilmaz Selahattin , Nosal-Wierciñska Agnieszka , Pietrzak Robert
Published: April 2023

Bioadsorbents prepared by chemical activation (H3PO4) of the residue of supercritical extraction of green tea leaves and marigold flowers were characterized by elemental analysis, Boehm titration, adsorption/desorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption performance aimed at the removal of malachite green, nitrogen oxide and hydrogen sulfide was investigated. The impacts of various influential parameters of malachite green adsorption such as: contact time (8 h), initial dye concentration (20–140 mg/L), temperature (25–65 °C) and adsorbent mass (0.015–0.025 g) were investigated. The adsorption kinetic follows pseudo second-order reaction kinetics (R
2 > 0.99). The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum capacity of the monolayer was from 126.58 mg/g to 333.33 mg/g for the biocarbons obtained. The negative values of Gibbs free energy indicate the spontaneous character of the process. The presence of steam in the stream of the mixture of gases had a positive effect on adsorption of nitrogen oxide and hydrogen sulfide by the bioadsorbents obtained. The most effective adsorbent of malachite green and toxic gas pollutants proved to be the biocarbon obtained from the residues of supercritical extraction of green tea leaves.
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, reasons for interrupting treatment: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ezanno Anne-Cecile , Malgras Brice , Pocard Marc
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) gives encouraging results in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis (PM). The current recommendations require at least 3 sessions of PIPAC. However, some patients do not complete the full treatment course and stop after only 1 or 2 procedures, hence the limited benefit. A literature review was performed, with search terms including “PIPAC” and “pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy.”

Content

Only articles describing the causes for premature termination of the PIPAC treatment were analysed. The systematic search identified 26 published clinical articles related to PIPAC and reporting causes for stopping PIPAC.

The series range from 11 to 144 patients, with a total of 1352 patients treated with PIPAC for various tumours. A total of 3088 PIPAC treatments were performed. The median number of PIPAC treatments per patient was 2.1, the median PCI score at the time of the first PIPAC was 19 and the number of patients who did not complete the recommended 3 sessions of PIPAC was 714 (52.8%). Disease progression was the main reason for early termination of the PIPAC treatment (49.1%). The other causes were death, patients’ wishes, adverse events, conversion to curative cytoreductive surgery and other medical reasons (embolism, pulmonary infection, etc…).

Outlook

Further investigations are necessary to better understand the causes for interrupting PIPAC treatment and also improving the selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from PIPAC.
Conceptual associations generate sensory predictions
Authors: Yan Chuyao , de Lange Floris P. , Richter David
Published: April 2023

A crucial ability of the human brain is to learn and exploit probabilistic associations between stimuli to facilitate perception and behavior by predicting future events. While studies have shown how perceptual relationships are used to predict sensory inputs, relational knowledge is often between concepts rather than percepts (e.g., we learned to associate cats with dogs, rather than specific images of cats and dogs). Here we asked if and how sensory responses to visual input may be modulated by predictions derived from conceptual associations. To this end we exposed participants of both sexes to arbitrary word-word pairs (e.g., car – dog) repeatedly, creating an expectation of the second word, conditional on the occurrence of the first. In a subsequent session, we exposed participants to novel word-picture pairs, while measuring fMRI BOLD responses. All word-picture pairs were equally likely, but half of the pairs conformed to the previously formed conceptual (word-word) associations, whereas the other half violated this association. Results showed suppressed sensory responses throughout the ventral visual stream, including early visual cortex, to pictures that corresponded to the previously expected words compared to unexpected words. This suggests that the learned conceptual associations were used to generate sensory predictions that modulated processing of the picture stimuli. Moreover, these modulations were tuning-specific, selectively suppressing neural populations tuned towards the expected input. Combined, our results suggest that recently acquired conceptual priors are generalized across domains and used by the sensory brain to generate category specific predictions, facilitating processing of expected visual input.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:

Perceptual predictions play a crucial role in facilitating perception and the integration of sensory information. However, little is known about whether and how the brain uses more abstract, conceptual priors to form sensory predictions. In our pre-registered study, we show that priors derived from recently acquired arbitrary conceptual associations result in category specific predictions that modulate perceptual processing throughout the ventral visual hierarchy, including early visual cortex. These results suggest that the predictive brain uses prior knowledge across various domains to modulate perception, thereby extending our understanding of the extensive role predictions play in perception.
INVESTIGATING THE APPLICATION OF TERRA DYE ON COTTON KNITTED FABRICS
Authors: SOOCHETA ANAGHA VAIDYA , BHUNDOO SANSKRITA SINGH
Published: April 2023

Today, sustainable textile dyeing technologies are being researched with a purpose of developing ecofriendly dyes that are cost effective and resource efficient. Natural Earth Pigments also known as native earth pigments, earth colours, earth ochres, iron oxide pigments etc. come from naturally occurring minerals, typically iron oxide or manganese oxide. Terra dye is a sustainable and environment friendly dye which has been derived from pigmented earth and without the use of harsh toxic chemicals. It is 100% natural, obtained from the extraction of minerals. The study investigates the application of ‘Terra dye’ on cotton knitted fabrics. 100% Cotton Jersey and 100% Cotton Fleece fabrics were used. The terra dyed fabrics were tested for their properties of colour uptake, bleeding, rubbing fastness, resistance to light and washing fastness. The effect of different fixing agents was investigated. The results of the lab trials and testing, conclude that Terra dye has good prospects of being used in dyeing.
A systematic proximity ligation approach to studying protein‐substrate specificity identifies the substrate spectrum of the Ssh1 translocon
Authors: Cohen Nir , Aviram Naama , Schuldiner Maya
Published: April 2023

Many cellular functions are carried out by protein pairs or families, providing robustness alongside functional diversity. For such processes, it remains a challenge to map the degree of specificity versus promiscuity. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) can be used to inform on these matters as they highlight cellular locals, regulation and, in cases where proteins affect other proteins ‐ substrate range. However, methods to systematically study transient PPIs are underutilized. In this study, we create a novel approach to systematically compare stable or transient PPIs between two yeast proteins. Our approach, Cel‐lctiv (CELlular biotin‐Ligation for Capturing Transient Interactions in vivo), uses high‐throughput pairwise proximity biotin ligation for comparing PPIs systematically and in vivo. As a proof of concept, we studied the homologous translocation pores Sec61 and Ssh1. We show how Cel‐lctiv can uncover the unique substrate range for each translocon allowing us to pinpoint a specificity determinator driving interaction preference. More generally, this demonstrates how Cel‐lctiv can provide direct information on substrate specificity even for highly homologous proteins.
EHD1 promotes CP110 ubiquitination by centriolar satellite delivery of HERC2 to the mother centriole
Authors: Xie Shuwei , Naslavsky Naava , Caplan Steve
Published: April 2023

Primary cilia are sensory organelles that coordinate diverse signaling pathways, controlling development and homeostasis. Progression beyond the early steps of ciliogenesis requires the removal of a distal end protein, CP110, from the mother centriole, a process mediated by Eps15 Homology Domain protein 1 (EHD1). We show that EHD1 regulates CP110 ubiquitination during ciliogenesis, and identify two E3 ubiquitin ligases, HECT domain and RCC1‐like domain 2 (HERC2) and mindbomb homolog 1 (MIB1), that interact with and ubiquitinate CP110. We determined that HERC2 is required for ciliogenesis and localizes to centriolar satellites, which are peripheral aggregates of centriolar proteins known to regulate ciliogenesis. We reveal a role for EHD1 in the transport of centriolar satellites and HERC2 to the mother centriole during ciliogenesis. Taken together, our work showcases a mechanism whereby EHD1 controls centriolar satellite movement to the mother centriole, thus delivering the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2 to promote CP110 ubiquitination and degradation.
Endocrinological cause behind recurrent miscarriages: primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Germanaitė Gabija , Šimonienė Diana
Published: April 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinological pathology; nonetheless, it is rarely diagnosed in pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism can present with clinically expressed hypercalcemia. High Ca levels in the blood may lead to a miscarriage. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman who visited our Endocrinology clinic in search of a cause of infertility. Blood work showed elevated Ca and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Upper left parathyroid gland adenoma was found during a neck ultrasound. Parathyroid gland adenoma was likely the cause of PHPT and was treated with parathyroidectomy. Surgery was carried out, and the upper left parathyroid lobe adenoma was removed. High levels of Ca were found in all performed blood works since the first visit to the clinic, but following the surgery, Ca levels of the patient were in the normal range and the woman got pregnant for the third time, later delivering a healthy baby. In conclusion, we would like to put forward the idea that an evaluation of Ca level in the blood should be included in the protocol for treating patients with recurrent miscarriages. Early detection of hypercalcemia can improve the outcomes of disease that primary hyperparathyroidism can cause. Swift and accurate decrease of serum Ca correspondingly safeguards the woman from a possible pregnancy loss along with complications that arise from it.–

Learning points

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinological pathology, nonetheless, it is rarely diagnosed in pregnancy.

Primary hyperparathyroidism can present with clinically expressed hypercalcemia, and high Ca levels in the blood may lead to a miscarriage.

Early detection of hypercalcemia can improve the outcomes of disease that primary hyperparathyroidism can cause.

Swift and accurate decrease of serum Ca correspondingly safeguards the woman from a possible pregnancy loss along with complications that arise from it.

All pregnant patients with hypercalcemia should be assessed for the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism as it is likely the cause.