bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Detection of Respiration and Heart Rate with a Vehicle Seat Sensor
Authors: Wusk Grace , Gabler Hampton
Published: May 2018

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a seat sensor designed for occupant classification from a production passenger vehicle to measure an occupant’s respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) in a laboratory setting. Relaying occupant vital signs after a crash could improve emergency response by adding a direct measure of the occupant state to an Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) system. Data was collected from eleven participants with body weights ranging from 42 to 91 kg using a Ford Mustang passenger seat and seat sensor. Using a ballistocardiography (BCG) approach, the data was processed by time domain filtering and frequency domain analysis using the fast Fourier transform to yield RR and HR in a 1-min sliding window. Resting rates over the 30-min data collection and continuous RR and HR signals were compared to laboratory physiological instruments using the Bland-Altman approach. Differences between the seat sensor and reference sensor were within 5 breaths per minute for resting RR and within 15 beats per minute for resting HR. The time series comparisons for RR and HR were promising with the frequency analysis technique outperforming the peak detection technique. However, future work is necessary for more accurate and reliable real-time monitoring of RR and HR outside the laboratory setting.
Robust Target Tracking with Multi-Static Sensors under Insufficient TDOA Information
Authors: Shin Hyunhak , Ku Bonhwa , Nelson Jill , Ko Hanseok
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on underwater target tracking based on a multi-static sonar network composed of passive sonobuoys and an active ping. In the multi-static sonar network, the location of the target can be estimated using TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) measurements. However, since the sensor network may obtain insufficient and inaccurate TDOA measurements due to ambient noise and other harsh underwater conditions, target tracking performance can be significantly degraded. We propose a robust target tracking algorithm designed to operate in such a scenario. First, track management with track splitting is applied to reduce performance degradation caused by insufficient measurements. Second, a target location is estimated by a fusion of multiple TDOA measurements using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). In addition, the target trajectory is refined by conducting a stack-based data association method based on multiple-frames measurements in order to more accurately estimate target trajectory. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations.
An Overview of the Romanian Asylum Policies
Authors: Vasile Oana , Androniceanu Armenia
Published: May 2018

Migration flows affecting Europe over recent years have generated a wave of solidarity but also fear and threats. European countries are divided into host countries or countries of transit due to their economic attractiveness but from the beginning, it was clear that asylum policies were far from similar and insufficiently flexible. Although Romania is considered as one of the transit countries for immigrants heading to Western Europe and it has not been confronted with an influx of refugees, it has developed specific policies in line with the acquis communautaire in order to be prepared for any situation of influx. The purpose of this research is to assess how asylum policies have been implemented in Romania and what improvements are necessary in order for them to become more sustainable. In Romania’s case, we used a SWOT analysis in our research methodology. This study aims to address relevant topics regarding the recent increasing trends of asylum applications and to analyse how the asylum policies in Romania can generate an adequate response. Furthermore, specialized institutions may consider our recommendations on how to improve the management of the asylum system in Romania.
Exploration of the Industrial Spatial Linkages in Urban Agglomerations: A Case of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Yu Yan , Han Qianwen , Tang Wenwu , Yuan Yanbin , Tong Yan
Published: May 2018

The study of industrial spatial linkages of urban agglomerations is crucial to recognizing spatial structure and optimizing regional division and cooperation. The existing studies often focus on external spatial interaction at the inter-city level, but few have considered complex internal economic linkages at the inter-sector level. In this study, we established an integrated framework by combining the wave effect gradient field with the gravity model. The wave effect gradient field was used to analyze the inter-sector relation, while the gravity model was adopted to explore the spatial interactions of industry at the inter-city level. The Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) was taken as a case study, which demonstrates the applicability of the proposed framework. The results indicate that there exists an imbalanced development in the network of industrial linkages in the study region. Each subgroup has presented a self-organized spatial linkage network, but the linkages between subgroups are immature. Compared with other sectors, the high-tech and internet industrial sectors contribute most to economic linkages among cities. Thus, policymakers should take actions to strengthen the inter-subgroup spatial linkages and give priority to the high-tech industries, which is necessary for the integrated and sustainable development of UAMRYR.
Predicting Migratory Corridors of White Storks, Ciconia ciconia, to Enhance Sustainable Wind Energy Planning: A Data-Driven Agent-Based Model
Authors: Oloo Francis , Safi Kamran , Aryal Jagannath
Published: May 2018

White storks (Ciconia ciconia) are birds that make annual long-distance migration flights from their breeding grounds in the Northern Hemisphere to the south of Africa. These trips take place in the winter season, when the temperatures in the North fall and food supply drops. White storks, because of their large size, depend on the wind, thermals, and orographic characteristics of the environment in order to minimize their energy expenditure during flight. In particular, the birds adopt a soaring behavior in landscapes where the thermal uplift and orographic updrafts are conducive. By attaining suitable soaring heights, the birds then use the wind characteristics to glide for hundreds of kilometers. It is therefore expected that white storks would prefer landscapes that are characterized by suitable wind and thermal characteristics, which promote the soaring and gliding behaviors. However, these same landscapes are also potential sites for large-scale wind energy generation. In this study, we used the observed data of the white stork movement trajectories to specify a data-driven agent-based model, which simulates flight behavior of the white storks in a dynamic environment. The data on the wind characteristics and thermal uplift are dynamically changed on a daily basis so as to mimic the scenarios that the observed birds experienced during flight. The flight corridors that emerge from the simulated flights are then combined with the predicted surface on the wind energy potential, in order to highlight the potential risk of collision between the migratory white storks and hypothetical wind farms in the locations that are suitable for wind energy developments. This work provides methods that can be adopted to assess the overlap between wind energy potential and migratory corridors of the migration of birds. This can contribute to achieving sustainable trade-offs between wind energy development and conservation of wildlife and, hence, handling the issues of human–wildlife conflicts.
Sustainable Diffusion of Fashion Information on Mobile Friends-Based Social Network Service
Authors: Na Youn Kue , Kang Sungmin
Published: May 2018

This study presents a model integrating research on mobile social network services (SNS) and word-of-mouth (WOM) by examining the sustainable diffusion of fashion information via multidimensional effect factors, including the social relationship and sub-network structure characteristics of SNS. Implications for expanded research scope and methods are generated by applying social network analysis to information diffusion on friends-based SNS for sustainable development, which is connected to the social cascade phenomenon. This study investigates the relationship between the social network characteristics of subscribers and the sub-network structure characteristics of friends-based SNS and examines the effect of sub-network structure characteristics on fad-like behavior and WOM. We examine 311 people with experience in fashion information activities using friends-based SNS services for data analysis and perform frequency analysis, reliability and validity analysis, measurement model analysis, and path analysis using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. This study furthers our theoretical and practical understanding of the network extension pattern in fashion information diffusion in mobile friends-based SNS. The study also points out the need for community network management and identifies the key factors in friends-based SNS, thus providing strategic guidelines for spreading fashion information effectively.
Phosphorus Processing—Potentials for Higher Efficiency
Authors: Hermann Ludwig , Kraus Fabian , Hermann Ralf
Published: May 2018

In the aftermath of the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement (COP21) by virtually all United Nations, producing more with less is imperative. In this context, phosphorus processing, despite its high efficiency compared to other steps in the value chain, needs to be revisited by science and industry. During processing, phosphorus is lost to phosphogypsum, disposed of in stacks globally piling up to 3–4 billion tons and growing by about 200 million tons per year, or directly discharged to the sea. Eutrophication, acidification, and long-term pollution are the environmental impacts of both practices. Economic and regulatory framework conditions determine whether the industry continues wasting phosphorus, pursues efficiency improvements or stops operations altogether. While reviewing current industrial practice and potentials for increasing processing efficiency with lower impact, the article addresses potentially conflicting goals of low energy and material use as well as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool for evaluating the relative impacts of improvement strategies. Finally, options by which corporations could pro-actively and credibly demonstrate phosphorus stewardship as well as options by which policy makers could enforce improvement without impairing business locations are discussed.
Polarized Light-Induced Molecular Orientation Control of Rigid Schiff Base Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Binuclear Complexes as Polymer Composites
Authors: Nakatori Hiroyuki , Haraguchi Tomoyuki , Akitsu Takashiro
Published: May 2018

We have investigated linearly polarized UV light-induced molecular orientation due to Weigert effect of composite materials of new six binuclear nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes of two rigid Schiff base ring ligands (L1 and L2) composite materials with methyl orange (MO), an azo-dye, in polyvinylalchol (PVA) cast films. To compare the degree of molecular orientation, two ligands, namely flexible aliphatic cyclohexane (ML1: NiL1, CuL1, ZnL1) and rigid aromatic (ML2: NiL2, CuL2, ZnL2), were synthesized using amine moiety. We have also characterized these complexes by means of elemental analysis, IR, and UV-vis spectra, single crystal or powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and so on. Composite materials of ML1 or ML2+MO+PVA were also prepared to separately disperse the solutes in a polymer matrix. For any metal complexes, optical anisotropy (represented as the R parameters) of ML2+MO+PVA was larger than ML1+MO+PVA because of the rigidness of the ligands.
Impacts of Land Use Change on River Systems for a River Network Plain
Authors: Wu Lei , Xu Youpeng , Yuan Jia , Xu Yu , Wang Qiang , Xu Xing , Wen Haiyan
Published: May 2018

River systems are crucial for the Earth system. However, they are profoundly impacted by human activities, especially land use change. To reveal the impact of land use change on river systems, river system data and land use data in Suzhou City from the 1960s to 2010s were analyzed through grid river density on a 3 km × 3 km scale. The spatial-temporal variation was very different for different river orders. The lower the river order, the larger was the variation in the accumulated length (including both an increase and a decrease). The river systems were modified to meet the needs of human development in different social development stages. During the period of agricultural modification, undeveloped land was reclaimed to increase the amount of arable land available, but when the proportion of cultivated land exceeded a threshold level, higher order rivers were invaded, cut off and even buried, which forced a part of the higher order rivers to transform into narrower rivers. During the period of urbanization, higher order rivers were usually dredged, reconstructed and protected to improve the abilities of storage and discharge, and lower order rivers were buried after 40% of the land proportion had been built up. These results provide a reliable foundation on which to formulate policies and manage river systems.
GP leadership in clinical commissioning groups: a qualitative multi-case study approach across England
Authors: Marshall Martin , Holti Richard , Hartley Jean , Matharu Tatum , Storey John
Published: May 2018

Background

Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) were established in England in 2013 to encourage GPs to exert greater influence over the processes of service improvement and redesign in the NHS. Little is known about the extent and the ways in which GPs have assumed these leadership roles.

Aim

To explore the nature of clinical leadership of GPs in CCGs, and to examine the enablers and barriers to implementing a policy of clinical leadership in the NHS.

Design and setting

A qualitative multi-case study approach in six localities across England. The case studies were purposefully sampled to represent different geographical localities and population demographics, and for their commitment to redesigning specified clinical or service areas.

Method

Data were collected from the case study CCGs and their partner organisations using a review of relevant documents, semi-structured individual or group interviews, and observations of key meetings. The data were analysed thematically and informed by relevant theories.

Results

GPs prefer a collaborative style of leadership that may be unlikely to produce rapid or radical change. Leadership activities are required at all levels in the system from strategy to frontline delivery, and the leadership behaviours of GPs who are not titular leaders are as important as formal leadership roles. A new alliance is emerging between clinicians and managers that draws on their different skillsets and creates new common interests. The uncertain policy environment in the English NHS is impacting on the willingness and the focus of GP leaders.

Conclusion

GPs are making an important contribution as leaders of health service improvement and redesign but there are significant professional and political barriers to them optimising a leadership role.
Preparation, structure, and reactivity of bicyclic benziodazole: a new hypervalent iodine heterocycle
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Shea Michael T , Makitalo Cody L , Jarvi Melissa E , Rohde Gregory T , Saito Akio , Yusubov Mekhman S , Zhdankin Viktor V
Published: May 2018

A new bicyclic organohypervalent iodine heterocycle derivative of benziodazole was prepared by oxidation of 2-iodo-N,N’-diisopropylisophthalamide with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid under mild conditions. Single crystal X-ray crystallography of this compound revealed a five-membered bis-heterocyclic structure with two covalent bonds between the iodine atom and the nitrogen atoms. This novel benziodazole is a very stable compound with good solubility in common organic solvents. This compound can be used as an efficient reagent for oxidatively assisted coupling of carboxylic acids with alcohols or amines to afford the corresponding esters or amides in moderate yields.
Relatively High Complication and Revision Rates of the Mayo®Metaphysical Conservative Femoral Stem in Young Patients
Authors: Rutenberg Tal Frenkel , Warschawski Yaniv , Gold Aviram , Shasha Nadav , Snir Nimrod , Chechik Ofir , Dolkart Oleg , Eilig Dynai , Herman Amir , Rath Ehud , Kramer Moti , Drexler Michael
Published: May 2018

The Mayo metaphysical conservative femoral stem (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) is a wedge-shaped implant designed to transfer loads proximally, reduce femoral destruction, and enable the preservation of bone stock in the proximal femur. Thus, it is a potentially preferred prosthesis for active, non-elderly patients who may require additional future surgeries. This retrospective case study analyzed the outcomes of consecutive patients who underwent total hip replacements with this stem between May 2001 and February 2013. All patients underwent clinical assessment, radiological evaluation for the presence and development of radiolucent lines, and functional assessment (numerical analog scale, Harris hip score, and Short Form-12 questionnaire). Ninety-five hips (79 patients) were available for analysis. The patients' mean age was 43 years (range, 18–64 years), and the mean follow-up was 97 months (range, 26.9–166 months). The postoperative clinical assessments and functional assessments revealed significant improvements. Sixteen patients (20.3%) had 18 orthopedic complications, the most common of which were an intraoperative femoral fracture and implant dislocation requiring revision surgeries in 10 hips (10.5%). Radiological analysis revealed evidence of femoral remodeling in 64 (67.4%) implants, spot welds (neocortex) in 35 (36.8%), and osteolysis in 3 (3.2%). These results suggest that the conservative hip femoral implant has an unacceptable complication rate for non-elderly patients. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(4):e516–e522.]
Comparing Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Cataract Surgery Before and After Phakic Intraocular Lens Removal
Authors: Schultz Tim , Schwarzenbacher Luca , Dick H. Burkhard
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:

To investigate two approaches for femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in patients with phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:

Anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation were performed with an image-guided femtosecond laser. Laser treatment was performed under sterile conditions prior to (technique 1, 5 cases) or after (technique 2, 5 cases) phakic IOL explantation.

RESULTS:

In technique 1, gas accumulated between the phakic IOL and the anterior capsule. In 2 (40%) of these cases, an anterior capsule tear occurred during phacoemulsification. In both cases, no anterior vitrectomy was necessary and the IOL was implanted into the capsular bag. In technique 2, no anterior capsule tears or other complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:

Laser treatment prior to phakic IOL explantation has a risk for anterior capsule tears. Potentially, the laser beam is deflected by the optic of the phakic IOL and gas between the anterior capsule and the phakic IOL induces radial forces.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):343–346.]
Treatment of Corneal Ectasia by Implantation of an Allogenic Corneal Lenticule
Authors: Li Meiyan , Zhao Feng , Li Meng , Knorz Michael C. , Zhou Xingtao
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:

To describe a case in which post-LASIK corneal ectasia was treated using an allogeneic lenticule implanted into the recipient eye.

METHODS:

A 29-year-old man presented with bilateral ectasia 10 years after LASIK. Manifest refraction was −1.50 −3.25 × 15° in the right eye and −13.50 −6.00 × 10° in the left eye. Because of contact lens intolerance in the left eye, the authors decided to implant an allogenic corneal lenticule, created by small incision lenticule extraction with the VisuMax laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) in a donor eye with a refraction of +5.75 −0.50 × 15°. The intended peripheral thickness was 116 μm and the central thickness was 20 μm. The lenticule was placed under the original LASIK flap in the left eye.

RESULTS:

Ten months after surgery, refraction of the left eye had improved to −3.25 −1.50 × 10° with a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/40. The front corneal flat and steep values were decreased by 6.20 and 5.90 diopters (D), respectively, relative to corresponding preoperative values. The cornea remained clear throughout the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implantation of an allogenic lenticule may be an option in the treatment of advanced ectasia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):347–350.]
Extinction Risk and Conservation Options for Maui Parrotbill, an Endangered Hawaiian Honeycreeper
Authors: Mounce Hanna L. , Warren Christopher C. , McGowan Conor P. , Paxton Eben H. , Groombridge Jim J.
Published: May 2018

Extinction rates for island birds around the world have been historically high. For forest passerines, the Hawaiian archipelago has suffered some of the highest extinction rates and reintroduction is a conservation tool that can be used to prevent the extinction of some of the remaining endangered species. Population viability analyses can be used to assess risks to vulnerable populations and evaluate the relative benefits of conservation strategies. Here we present a population viability analysis to assess the long-term viability for Maui parrotbill (Kiwikiu) Pseudonestor xanthophrys, a federally endangered passerine on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Contrary to indications from population monitoring, our results indicate Maui parrotbills may be unlikely to persist beyond 25 y. Our modeling suggests female mortality as a primary factor driving this decline. To evaluate and compare management options involving captive-rearing and translocation strategies we made a female-only stage-structured, meta-population simulation model. Maui parrotbills have low reproductive potential in captivity; therefore, the number of individuals (∼20% of the global population) needed to source a reintroduction solely from captive reared birds is unrealistic. A reintroduction strategy that incorporates a minimal contribution from captivity and instead translocates mostly wild individuals was found to be the most feasible management option. Habitat is being restored on leeward east Maui, which may provide more favorable climate and habitat conditions and promote increased reproductive output. Our model provides managers with benchmarks for fecundity and survival needed to ensure reintroduction success, and highlights the importance of establishing a new population in potentially favorable habitat to ensure long-term persistence.
La question des sources dans les études anthroponymiques contemporaines
Authors: Franco Yolanda Guillermina López
Published: May 2018

Quelles sont les sources employées dans les études anthroponymiques contemporaines ? Dans cette communication, vingt-et-un articles récents (2014) de ce domaine de l’onomastique sont passés en revue afin d’établir une typologie. Dans un premier temps, ces articles sont classés en sous-domaines (prénoms, noms de famille, surnoms et sobriquets) ; les sources des données exploitées se trouvent ensuite analysées, ainsi que les traitements – statistiques ou autres – mis en oeuvre. Ces articles, rédigés en français, en espagnol, en catalan ou en anglais, portent sur l’anthroponymie des xxe et xxie siècles. Outre les tendances que l’on peut y déceler, on discute de leur pertinence et de leur adéquation au type d’étude entrepris. Le corpus bibliographique a pour base les actes du XXIVe congrès international de l’ICOS 2011 (Barcelone), publiés en ligne en 2014.
Effective Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Gordillo Jorge A.
Published: May 2018

The diffusion of a B element into an A matrix was studied by the random walk theory. Considering that concentration of B element in the A matrix is very low, the jumps of diffusing atoms are independent of each other. The A matrix is a two-region material with different properties, such as a two-phase material, a single crystal with dislocations, or regions influenced by other solute and a polycrystalline material.It is assumed that material B has a penetration that allows it to cross each region of material A several times. This implies that jumps across the surface between those regions have an average frequency and, as a consequence, there is an interdiffusion coefficient between them. The interdiffusion coefficient between those regions is different than the coefficient of the diffusion in each region.Expressions were obtained that allow to delimit the ranges of validation with greater precision than the corrected Hart-Mortlock equation for solute diffusion. In addition, an original relationship was obtained between the segregation coefficient and parameters specific to the diffusion. New powerful tools were also found that can help to understand diffusion in nanocrystalline materials, diffusion in metals influenced by impurities and diffusion produced by different mechanisms.
Effect of Suction/Injection on the Entropy Generation of Third Grade Fluid with Convective Cooling
Authors: Opanuga Abiodun A. , Gbadeyan Jacob A. , Agboola Olasumbo O. , Okagbue Hilary I.
Published: May 2018

Effect of suction/injection on the rate of entropy generation of third grade fluid with convective cooling is analysed in this work. The highly non-linear boundary value problems obtained from the governing equations are solved by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Some plots are presented to explain the influence of pertinent parameters on fluid motion, temperature, entropy generation and irreversibility ratio. From the results it is shown that suction/injection and third grade fluid parameters reduce fluid velocity across the channel, and increase in suction/injection parameter enhances fluid temperature while convective cooling parameter reduces it. Entropy generation is enhanced by suction/injection parameter at the lower wall but reduces it at the upper wall
Unsteady MHD Slip Flow with Radiative Heat and Mass Transfer over an Inclined Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: May 2018

The combined effects diffusion-thermo, chemical reaction, buoyancy forces, radiative heat flux, velocity slip and magnetic field on an unsteady hydromagnetic mixed convective flow of an electrically conducting fluid with heat and mass transfer over an inclined vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium is studied. The imposed thermal boundary conditions include prescribed uniform plate surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). The governing equations are solved analytically with the help of two term perturbation technique. The influence of various thermophysical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are presented graphically while numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented in tabular form for different values and discussed. A special case of our results show excellent agreement with the earlier results in the literature.
Combined Natural Convection and Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer in a Triangular Enclosure with an Inner Rectangular Body
Authors: Amrani Abdel-Illah , Dihmani Nadia , Amraqui Samir , Mezrhab Ahmed
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the steady laminar natural convective heat transfer and surface radiation from a heated rectangular body in a triangular enclosure. The coupled equations of Navier-stockes and energy are both solved using the finite volume method. The velocity-pressure coupling is insured by the SIMPLER algorithm. The fluid used in this study is a dry air of Prandtl numberPr= 0.71.In such way that, the radiative exchanges are made only through solid walls and which are assumed to be gray and diffuse. The physical parameters characterizing the problem and influencing heat transfer are Rayleigh numberRa, aspect ratioA, heighthand widthwof the body. The results are presented in terms of isotherms, streamlines and average Nusselt number.
Chemical Reaction and Melting Heat Effects on MHD Free Convective Radiative Fluid Flow Past a Continuous Moving Plate in the Presence of Thermo-Physical Parameters
Authors: Samuel Damilare J.
Published: May 2018

This study focuses on the analytical solution for the chemical reaction and melting heat transfer effects on MHD steady two-dimensional laminar viscous incompressible radiating boundary layer flow over a flat plate in the presence of variable fluid properties and Soret effect. The presence of viscous dissipation is also put into consideration at the plate under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field. A mathematical model is developed to investigate the heat transfer characteristics occurring during the melting process due to a stretching sheet. The model contains nonlinear coupled partial differential equations which have been transformed into a system of ordinary differential equation via suitable similarity variables and then solved analytically by employing the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of the series solution is established. The impact of various controlling parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are analyzed and discussed in detail through graphs and tables. The velocity and temperature depreciate with increase in radiation parameter and variable viscosity parameter. It is observed that for rising values of magnetic field parameter, variable viscosity parameter, and Prandtl number, the local skin friction increases while a reverse effect is seen in the case of Grashof number and melting parameter. It is found that the temperature decreases as the thermal radiation and melting parameter increase.
Emotional Works and Turnover Intention of Sri Lankan Nurses
Authors: Padmasiri M.K. Dinithi , Lakmali A.M.T.
Published: May 2018

In the quest for the concept of emotional work, it is apparent that comparing to the international context there are much less research done in Sri Lanka. Thus, by filling the existing gap this study analyses the relationship between emotional works and turnover intention of nurses. The problem of the study was to find out whether there is a relationship exists between emotional works and turnover intention of nurses in Sri Lanka. This study applied quantitative and a cross-sectional survey design where data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Random sampling technique was applied to select the sample of 170 nurses in a selected district. Findings revealed that emotional works; surface acting and deep acting are significantly positively related to turnover intention. Meanwhile, findings verified that as a whole there is a significant positive relationship between emotional works and turnover intention of nurses in Sri Lanka. The present study updates the current literature in the arena of emotional works.
The impact of social media on recruitment: Are you LinkedIn?
Authors: Koch Tanja , Gerber Charlene , De Klerk Jeremias J.
Published: May 2018

Orientation: With many organisations vying for the same talent, it is important to ensure that the correct methods are utilised in identifying and attracting the best talent to an organisation.Research purpose: This research investigates the impact of social media on the recruitment process in South Africa.Motivation for the study: As the competition for qualified talent increases, organisations need to understand where to focus their resources to attract the best talent possible. The use of social media is growing daily and its use in the recruitment process seems to have grown exponentially.Research design, approach and method: The sample comprised 12 recruiters, spanning a wide range of industries in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and a thematic analysis was utilised to identify themes and subthemes.Main findings: Despite still utilising some traditional methods of recruiting, South African recruiters follow their international counterparts, with LinkedIn being central to their respective recruitment processes. The use of Twitter and Facebook for recruitment was found to be substantially lower in South Africa than elsewhere. Without following a focused approach, the volume of work that emanates from using social media may overwhelm a recruiter.Practical and managerial implications: Recruiters cannot execute effective recruitment without applying social media tools such as LinkedIn. However, training in the optimal use of social media is essential.Contribution: This study indicates that LinkedIn has a major impact on recruitment in South Africa, but that social media is not a panacea for recruitment issues.
The $\mathfrak{sl}_\infty$-crystal combinatorics of higher level Fock spaces
Authors: Gerber Thomas , Norton Emily
Published: May 2018

For integers

e,\ell\geq 2

, the level

\ell

Fock space has an

\mathfrak{sl}_\infty

-crystal structure arising from the action of a Heisenberg algebra, intertwining the

\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_e}

-crystal. The vertices of these crystals are charged

\ell

-partitions. We give the combinatorial rule for computing the arrows anywhere in the

\mathfrak{sl}_\infty

-crystal. This allows us to pinpoint the location of any charged

\ell

-partition. As an application, we compute the support of the spherical representation of a cyclotomic rational Cherednik algebra, and in particular, the set of parameters such that it is finite-dimensional. We also give an easy abacus characterization of all finite-dimensional representations of type

B

Cherednik algebras.
Human and Equine Infection with Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Panamá during 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study of Household Contacts during an Encephalitis Outbreak
Authors: Carrera Jean-Paul , Bagamian Karoun H. , Travassos da Rosa Amelia P. , Wang Eryu , Beltran Davis , Gundaker Nathan D. , Armien Blas , Arroyo Gianfranco , Sosa Néstor , Pascale Juan Miguel , Valderrama Anayansi , Tesh Robert B. , Vittor Amy Y. , Weaver Scott C.
Published: May 2018

Members of the genera Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) and Flavivirus (family Flaviridae) are important zoonotic human and equine etiologic agents of neurologic diseases in the New World. In 2010, an outbreak of Madariaga virus (MADV; formerly eastern equine encephalitis virus) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) infections was reported in eastern Panamá. We further characterized the epidemiology of the outbreak by studying household contacts of confirmed human cases and of equine cases with neurological disease signs. Serum samples were screened using a hemagglutination inhibition test, and human results were confirmed using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the human MADV and VEEV seroprevalence ratios by age (in tercile) and gender. Overall, antibody prevalence for human MADV infection was 19.4%, VEEV 33.3%, and Mayaro virus 1.4%. In comparison with individuals aged 2–20 years, people from older age groups (21–41 and > 41 years) were five times more likely to have antibodies against VEEV, whereas the MADV prevalence ratio was independent of age. The overall seroprevalence of MADV in equids was 26.3%, VEEV 29.4%, West Nile virus (WNV) 2.6%, and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) was 63.0%. Taken together, our results suggest that multiple arboviruses are circulating in human and equine populations in Panamá. Our findings of a lack of increase in the seroprevalence ratio with age support the hypothesis of recent MADV exposure to people living in the affected region.
Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain
Authors: Querol Xavier , Alastuey Andrés , Gangoiti Gotzon , Perez Noemí , Lee Hong K. , Eun Heeram R. , Park Yonghee , Mantilla Enrique , Escudero Miguel , Titos Gloria , Alonso Lucio , Temime-Roussel Brice , Marchand Nicolas , Moreta Juan R. , Revuelta M. Arantxa , Salvador Pedro , Artíñano Begoña , García dos Santos Saúl , Anguas Mónica , Notario Alberto , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Harrison Roy M. , Millán Millán , Ahn Kang-Ho
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Various studies have reported that the photochemical nucleation of new ultrafine
particles (UFPs) in urban environments within high insolation regions occurs
simultaneously with high ground ozone (O3) levels. In this work, we
evaluate the atmospheric dynamics leading to summer O3 episodes in the
Madrid air basin (central Iberia) by means of measuring a 3-D distribution of
concentrations for both pollutants. To this end, we obtained vertical
profiles (up to 1200 m above ground level) using tethered balloons and
miniaturised instrumentation at a suburban site located to the SW of the
Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), the Majadahonda site (MJDH), in July 2016.
Simultaneously, measurements of an extensive number of air quality and
meteorological parameters were carried out at three supersites across the MMA.
Furthermore, data from O3 soundings and daily radio soundings were also
used to interpret atmospheric dynamics. The results demonstrate the concatenation of venting and accumulation
episodes, with relative lows (venting) and peaks (accumulation) in O3
surface levels. Regardless of the episode type, the fumigation of high-altitude
O3 (arising from a variety of origins) contributes the major proportion
of surface O3 concentrations. Accumulation episodes are characterised
by a relatively thinner planetary boundary layer (< 1500 m at
midday, lower in altitude than the orographic features), light synoptic
winds, and the development of mountain breezes along the slopes of the
Guadarrama Mountain Range (located W and NW of the MMA, with a maximum elevation
of > 2400 m a.s.l.). This orographic–meteorological
setting causes the vertical recirculation of air masses and enrichment of
O3 in the lower tropospheric layers. When the highly polluted urban
plume from Madrid is affected by these dynamics, the highest Ox
(O3+ NO2) concentrations are recorded in the MMA. Vertical O3 profiles during venting episodes, with strong synoptic
winds and a deepening of the planetary boundary layer reaching > 2000 m a.s.l., were characterised by an upward gradient in O3
levels, whereas a reverse situation with O3 concentration maxima at
lower levels was found during the accumulation episodes due to
local and/or regional production. The two contributions to O3 surface levels
(fumigation from high-altitude strata, a high O3 background, and/or regional production) require
very different approaches for policy actions. In contrast to O3
vertical top-down transfer, UFPs are formed in the planetary
boundary layer (PBL) and are
transferred upwards progressively with the increase in PBL growth.
The use of hierarchical clustering for the design of optimized monitoring networks
Authors: Soares Joana , Makar Paul Andrew , Aklilu Yayne , Akingunola Ayodeji
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Associativity analysis is a powerful tool to deal with large-scale datasets
by clustering the data on the basis of (dis)similarity and can be used to
assess the efficacy and design of air quality monitoring networks. We
describe here our use of Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filtering and hierarchical
clustering of NO2 and SO2 passive and continuous monitoring data
to analyse and optimize air quality networks for these species in the
province of Alberta, Canada. The methodology applied in this study assesses
dissimilarity between monitoring station time series based on two metrics:
1−R, R being the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Euclidean distance;
we find that both should be used in evaluating monitoring site similarity. We
have combined the analytic power of hierarchical clustering with the spatial
information provided by deterministic air quality model results, using the
gridded time series of model output as potential station locations, as a
proxy for assessing monitoring network design and for network optimization.
We demonstrate that clustering results depend on the air contaminant
analysed, reflecting the difference in the respective emission sources of
SO2 and NO2 in the region under study. Our work shows that much of
the signal identifying the sources of NO2 and SO2 emissions resides
in shorter timescales (hourly to daily) due to short-term variation of
concentrations and that longer-term averages in data collection may lose the
information needed to identify local sources. However, the methodology
identifies stations mainly influenced by seasonality, if larger timescales
(weekly to monthly) are considered. We have performed the first dissimilarity
analysis based on gridded air quality model output and have shown that the
methodology is capable of generating maps of subregions within which a
single station will represent the entire subregion, to a given level of
dissimilarity. We have also shown that our approach is capable of identifying
different sampling methodologies as well as outliers (stations'
time series which are markedly different from all others in a given dataset).
Meteorological controls on atmospheric particulate pollution during hazard reduction burns
Authors: Di Virgilio Giovanni , Hart Melissa Anne , Jiang Ningbo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Internationally, severe wildfires are an escalating problem
likely to worsen given projected changes to climate. Hazard reduction burns
(HRBs) are used to suppress wildfire occurrences, but they generate
considerable emissions of atmospheric fine particulate matter, which
depend upon prevailing atmospheric conditions, and can degrade air quality.
Our objectives are to improve understanding of the relationships between
meteorological conditions and air quality during HRBs in Sydney, Australia.
We identify the primary meteorological covariates linked to high PM2.5
pollution (particulates < 2.5 µm in diameter) and quantify
differences in their behaviours between HRB days when PM2.5 remained
low versus HRB days when PM2.5 was high. Generalised additive mixed
models were applied to continuous meteorological and PM2.5 observations
for 2011–2016 at four sites across Sydney. The results show that planetary
boundary layer height (PBLH) and total cloud cover were the most consistent
predictors of elevated PM2.5 during HRBs. During HRB days with low
pollution, the PBLH between 00:00 and 07:00 LT (local time) was 100–200 m
higher than days with high pollution. The PBLH was similar during
10:00–17:00 LT for both low and high pollution days, but higher after
18:00 LT for HRB days with low pollution. Cloud cover, temperature and wind
speed reflected the above pattern, e.g. mean temperatures and wind speeds
were 2 ∘C cooler and 0.5 m s−1 lower during mornings and
evenings of HRB days when air quality was poor. These cooler, more stable
morning and evening conditions coincide with nocturnal westerly cold air
drainage flows in Sydney, which are associated with reduced mixing height and
vertical dispersion, leading to the build-up of PM2.5. These findings
indicate that air pollution impacts may be reduced by altering the timing of
HRBs by conducting them later in the morning (by a matter of hours). Our
findings support location-specific forecasts of the air quality impacts of
HRBs in Sydney and similar regions elsewhere.
Observations of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds in southwest United Kingdom
Authors: Jackson Robert , French Jeffrey R. , Leon David C. , Plummer David M. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia , Blyth Alan M. , Korolev Alexei
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The COnvective Precipitation Experiment (COPE) was designed to investigate the origins of heavy convective precipitation over the South Western UK, a region that experiences flash flooding due to heavy precipitation from slow-moving convective systems. In this study, the microphysical and dynamical characteristics of developing turrets during four days in July and August, 2013 are analyzed. In situ cloud microphysical measurements from the University of Wyoming King Air and vertically pointing W-band radar measurements from Wyoming Cloud Radar are examined, together with data from the ground-based NXPol radar. The four days presented here cover a range of environmental conditions in terms of wind shear and instability, resulting in a similarly wide variability in observed ice crystal concentrations, both across days as well as between clouds on individual days. The highest concentration of ice was observed on the days in which there was an active warm rain process supplying precipitation-sized liquid drops. The high ice concentrations observed (> 100 L−1) are consistent with the production of secondary ice particles through the Hallett-Mossop process. Turrets that ascended through remnant cloud layers above the 0 °C level had higher ice particle concentrations, suggesting that entrainment of ice particles from older clouds or previous thermals may have acted to aid in the production of secondary ice through the Hallett-Mossop process. Other mechanisms such as the shattering of frozen drops may be more important for producing ice in more isolated clouds.
Impact of the ozone monitoring instrument row anomaly on the long-term record of aerosol products
Authors: Torres Omar , Bhartia Pawan K. , Jethva Hiren , Ahn Changwoo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Since about three years after the launch the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the EOS-Aura satellite, the sensor's viewing capability has been affected by what is believed to be an internal obstruction that has reduced OMI's spatial coverage. It currently affects about half of the instrument's 60 viewing positions. In this work we carry out an analysis to assess the effect of the reduced spatial coverage on the monthly average values of retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and the UV Aerosol Index (UVAI) using the 2005–2007 three-year period prior to the onset of the row anomaly. Regional monthly average values calculated using viewing positions 1 through 30 were compared to similarly obtained values using positions 31 through 60, with the expectation of finding close agreement between the two calculations. As expected, mean monthly values of AOD and SSA obtained with these two scattering-angle dependent subsets of OMI observations agreed over regions where carbonaceous or sulphate aerosol particles are the predominant aerosol type. However, over arid regions, where desert dust is the main aerosol type, significant differences between the two sets of calculated regional mean values of AOD were observed. As it turned out, the difference in retrieved desert dust AOD between the scattering-angle dependent observation subsets was due to the incorrect representation of desert dust scattering phase function. A sensitivity analysis using radiative transfer calculations demonstrated that the source of the observed AOD bias was the spherical shape assumption of desert dust particles. A similar analysis in terms of UVAI yielded large differences in the monthly mean values for the two sets of calculations over cloudy regions. On the contrary, in arid regions with minimum cloud presence, the resulting UVAI monthly average values for the two sets of observations were in very close agreement. The discrepancy under cloudy conditions was found to be caused by the parameterization of clouds as opaque Lambertian reflectors. When properly accounting for cloud scattering effects using Mie theory, the observed UVAI angular bias was significantly reduced. The analysis discussed here has uncovered important algorithmic deficiencies associated with the model representation of the angular dependence of scattering effects of desert dust aerosols and cloud droplets. The resulting improvements in the handling of desert dust and cloud scattering have been incorporated in an improved version of the OMAERUV algorithm.