bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Acquisition and Production Policy for End-of-Life Engineering Machinery Recovering in a Joint Manufacturing/Remanufacturing System under Uncertainties in Procurement and Demand
Authors: Liao Haolan , Deng Qianwang , Wang Yuanrui
Published: February 2017

The intensive shortage of natural resources and the inchoate phase of automobile remanufacturing in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) are driving people to take cyclic manufacturing seriously. Aiming at maximizing resource utilization and produce profits, we apply an optimizing mathematical analysis to the modeling of automobile engine remanufacturing in a joint manufacturing system, in which the quantity and quality of procurement, and the demand of the market, are both uncertain. The manufacturer can either produce new products with raw materials or remanufacture the returned product taken back from customers; the raw materials are bought from two suppliers with certain probabilities of disruption in the supply. The returned products are classified into different quality levels according to the testing results after sorting, by considering the remanufacture-up-to strategy we obtained the optimal remanufacturing ratio, then the manufacturing quantity and corresponding maximized total profit of this joint system are determined. We also investigated a real-life case of auto engine remanufacturing, comparing it with the theory of optimal remanufacturing policy, and the results indicate that a material savings of more than 45% and a cost improvement of more than 40% could be achieved when the optimal remanufacturing policy of our model is implemented.
Sludge Dewatering and Mineralization in Sludge Treatment Reed Beds
Authors: Brix Hans
Published: February 2017

Sludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) are widely used in Northern Europe to dewater and mineralize surplus sludge from activated sludge systems used to treat urban domestic sewage. STRBs are low-technology, energy-efficient, and do not require addition of chemicals. They dewater and stabilize the sludge and produce a final product that can be safely used as a fertilizer for agricultural crops. Long-term sludge reduction takes place in the reed beds due to dewatering and mineralization of the organic matter in the sludge. Although, in theory, a simple technique relying largely on natural processes, experience has shown that it is very important to understand and respect the basic design and operation requirements of STRBs. This paper describes the basic design and operation requirements of STRBs, with special focus on pivotal requirements to respect in order to secure proper functioning. Also, the paper summarizes performance experience concerning final dry matter content, degree of mineralization, emission of greenhouse gases, and degradation of micro-pollutants in STRBs. There are still a number of outstanding issues that are not fully understood, particularly in relation to the importance of the sludge quality for the dewatering in an STRB. Therefore, extreme care should be taken when attempting to extrapolate the use of STRBs to applications and regions outside of their ‘normal’ and documented area of application.
Antibiotic prescribing during office hours and out-of-hours: a comparison of quality and quantity in primary care in the Netherlands
Authors: Debets Vera EC , Verheij Theo JM , van der Velden Alike W
Published: February 2017

Background

Unnecessary and non-first-choice antibiotic prescribing is a significant problem in primary care. It is often argued that irrational prescribing is higher during out-of-hours (OOH) consultations.

Aim

To obtain insight into the quantity and quality of OOH antibiotic prescribing for commonly presented infectious diseases.

Design and setting

Two two-way comparisons of 1) nationally dispensed antibiotics during office hours and OOH care, using data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics, and 2) regional prescribing quality data from 45 primary care practices from Utrecht and its vicinity, and two large OOH services in Utrecht and Woerden.

Method

From the national data, yearly dispensed antibiotics were analysed per prescriber type, with respect to time (office hours or OOH) of prescription, types of antibiotics, and patients’ age group. Regional prescribing rates, choice of antibiotic, and appropriateness of prescribing were compared for otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, cystitis, and impetigo. Appropriateness was assessed by comparing all relevant information from medical files with the guideline recommendations.

Results

Only 6% of GP-prescribed antibiotics were prescribed OOH. OOH, cystitis and acute otitis media presented most often. First-choice prescribing was comparable for the two settings, whereas prescribing rates were higher OOH, with comparatively more amoxicillin(/clavulanate). The appropriateness evaluation, however, revealed that overprescribing was comparable, or even lower than, for daily practice.

Conclusion

The suggestion that OOH antibiotic prescribing quality is worse than in daily practice does not seem founded. The higher OOH prescribing rates can be explained by a different population of presenting patients. The appropriateness of prescribing rather than prescribing rates, therefore, should be used to determine quality.
Pierre Bastien, le collectionneur. Hommage personnel
Authors: Arnold-Biucchi Carmen
Published: February 2017

Comme beaucoup de numismates célèbres, Pierre Bastien arriva à l’étude et à la science des monnaies par le collectionnisme. Homme des plus discrets, il ne parlait presque jamais de ses monnaies et il n’est pas facile de reconstituer sa collection. On en connaît du moins trois lots : un de monnaies provinciales romaines et deux de monnaies du Bas-Empire. Toutes les monnaies sont d’une qualité extraordinaire.
The gold coinage of Philip I and family
Authors: Bland Roger
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a die-study of the gold coins issued by Philip I, Otacilia Severa and Philip II, based on a corpus of 236 specimens. The 23 specimens with findspots are discussed, as is the structure of issues and the metrology of the coinage. The paper shows that the volume of production was similar to that under Trajan, Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, although Philip’s coins are much rarer as finds than 2nd century issues.
De Lyon à Trèves. L’ouverture de l’atelier de Trèves à l’époque tétrarchique et ses premières émissions : monnaie radiée et monnaie d’or (293-295 apr. J.-C.)
Authors: Estiot Sylviane , Zanchi Pierre
Published: February 2017

L’atelier de Trèves ouvre en 293, peu après la création de la Tétrarchie. Le rassemblement du corpus des aureliani, effectué dans les collections institutionnelles de référence, collections privées, catalogues de vente, internet, etc. permet de rassembler 504 exemplaires, dont la très grande majorité a été photographiée, soit un accroissement de 70 % par rapport aux enquêtes de H. Cahn 1955 et 1965. Ce corpus permet de saisir l’apport de l’atelier de Lyon dans la création de cette succursale sur la Moselle qu’est d’abord Trèves, mais aussi l’apport de Rome ; de proposer un nouvel ordre et une nouvelle datation des séries d’aureliani ; d’en étudier le message iconographique largement inspiré par Constance Chlore et qu’on voit relayé par les Panégyriques ; d’approcher l’organisation d’un atelier antique par le biais de l’étude des coins ayant servi à la frappe de ces émissions de taille modeste. Parallèlement le réexamen des émissions d’or, toujours par le biais de la charactéroscopie, permet d’en proposer la datation sur la période allant de l’ouverture de Trèves à la reconquête de la Britannia, ainsi que d’inverser le rapport chronologique entre Trèves et l’atelier énigmatique, identifié par K. Pink et P. Bastien à sa suite comme celui de Iantinum / Meaux, car les frappes d’or à Iantinum réemploient des coins d’avers gravés et utilisés d’abord à Trèves.
Les nummi sans marque de style lyonnais :« atelier continental » ou première émission de Lyon après la réforme de Dioclétien ?
Authors: Drost Vincent
Published: February 2017

Les travaux de Pierre Bastien ont permis d’isoler un groupe de style lyonnais parmi les nummi lourds sans marque. À la suite de cet auteur, on a généralement vu là le produit d’un atelier de campagne actif dans le cadre de la reconquête de la Britannia en 296. Sur la base d’un corpus rassemblant 238 exemplaires, les caractéristiques typologiques et stylistiques de ces nummi sont étudiées dans le détail. Un faisceau d’indices convergents laisse penser qu’il s’agit en réalité là des témoins de la première émission produite à Lyon après la réforme de Dioclétien en 294.
Flans monétaires d’as de Nîmes
Authors: Pellé Richard , Blet-Lemarquand Maryse
Published: February 2017

Cette étude porte sur deux flans monétaires trouvés lors de la fouille du parking de l’avenue Jean-Jaurès à Nîmes. Plusieurs raisons, poids, dimensions, façonnage et lieu de la découverte, permettent de les rattacher à la fabrication des as de Nîmes frappés sous Auguste. La fabrication de ces flans est évoquée. Des analyses de la composition métallique de ces flans complètent cette étude en les attribuant à une des séries monétaires, la série II.
Les monnaies béarnaises de Louis XIV (II)
Authors: Charlet Christian
Published: February 2017

Late in 1662, Colbert closed down the three mints of Bearn (Pau, Morlaàs and Saint-Palais), in response to the refusal of their masters to abide by the demands of central authorities in Paris. However, thanks to powerful interventions, the Bearnese were granted the re-opening of two mints : Pau in March 1663, Saint-Palais in November the same year, Morlaàs remaining definitively closed down. With this re-opening, the mints’ autonomy was substantially reduced : from then on, they were subject to the Kingdom’s legislation. Nevertheless, they kept several privileges : the Chambre des Comptes in Pau was maintained, keeping several privileges. Saint-Palais ceased minting in 1672. In spite of further mints’ closures by Louis XIV, Pau remained the only mint in Bearn till the Revolution.
PCE and BNS admixture adsorption in sands with different composition and particle size distribution
Authors: Alonso M. M. , Martínez-Gaitero R. , Gismera-Diez S. , Puertas F.
Published: February 2017

The choice of a superplasticiser (SP) for concrete is of great complexity, as it is well known that properties of the end product are related to admixture and its compatibility with concrete components. Very few studies have been conducted on the compatibility between SPs and the sand of mortars and concretes, however. Practical experience has shown that sand fineness and mineralogical composition affect water demand and admixture consumption. Clay-containing sand has been found also to adsorb SPs, reducing the amount available in solution for adsorption by the cement. This study analysed the isotherms for PCE and BNS superplasticiser adsorption on four sands with different fineness and compositions commonly used to prepare mortars and concretes. BNS-based SP did not adsorb on sands, while PCE-based admixtures exhibited variable adsorption depending on different factors. The adsorption curves obtained revealed that the higher the sand fineness, the finer the particle size distribution and the higher the clay material, the greater was PCE admixture adsorption/ consumption.
Fabrication and Microstructure of Ru Core Silica Shell Structure Particles by a Reverse Micelle and Sol-Gel Processing
Authors: Hun Son Jeong , Sohn Jeong Ho , Bae Dong Sik
Published: February 2017

The Ru core SiO2 shell nano size particles have been synthesized within reverse micelle via metal alkoxide hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles and the thickness of the coating can be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) within the micro-emulsion. The average size of synthesized Ru core SiO2 shell particles was about in the size range of 15-40 nm. The average size and distribution of the synthesized Ru core SiO2 shell particles increased and narrow with R value increased. Otherwise, the average size and distribution of the synthesized Ru core SiO2 shell particles decreased and narrow with H value increased. TEM studies of particle formation indicate that the reaction process in the complex system containing reverse micelles and TEOS is governed by a diffusion-controlled process. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as the molar ratio of water to TEOS, and the molar ratio of water to surfactant, are discussed.
Resonant Oscillations of Non-Symmetrical Rotor with Mass Imbalance and Disk Skew
Authors: Iskakov Zharilkassin , Ashirbayev Mukhit
Published: February 2017

The non-symmetrical rotor with mass imbalance and disk skew has been considered. For full description of the rotor motion dynamic and mathematical models of the machine have been developed. Expressions for Lagrangian functions and Rayleigh dissipative function are formed. The motion equations are written as the Lagrangian equations of the second kind. By separation of variables the expressions of amplitude and phase of vibrations have been determined. The special emphasis is placed to the joint effect of mass imbalance and disk skew on the rotor dynamics which is observed over the whole range of shaft speed. The amplitudes of the vibrations near the critical speeds and residual phase angle depending on the generalized imbalance and the relative distance to the disk are studied. Detection of the residual phase angle at low rotation speeds is of practical importance, it is extremely important at balancing the rotor, since for determination of the mass eccentricity line the results of measurements at low speeds are used. The main working expressions are presented in a compact and non-dimensional form.
Vibration Characteristics Research of Finite Cylindrical Shells Semi-Submerged
Authors: Guo Wen Jie , Li Tian Yun , Miao Yu Yue , Zhu Xiang
Published: February 2017

A significant amount of research on the vibration and sound radiation of the cylindrical shell has been carried out and reported. The cylindrical shell was usually assumed to be submerged in an infinite fluid. However, the fluid region surrounding the cylindrical shell is bounded. Free vibration and forced vibration characteristics of finite cylindrical shells semi-submerged are studied in this paper, based on energy functional variational principle. The combined form of the triangular series and the Fourier series is used for the displacement of the cylindrical shell, then the orthogonality can be used to eliminate the other two directions after the variation, and only the radial displacement is kept. The relationships between the amplitudes of fluid load and the amplitudes of the radial displacement are established by the orthogonal processing of the continuous conditions of the solid-liquid coupling contact surface and the boundary conditions of the free liquid surface. Finally, the fluid structure coupling control equation is obtained. The results show that the method is correct and effective, in addition, providing a new thought for solving similar problem.
The Imitation of Muscles Stretching Device
Authors: Tang Gang , Shao Chang Zhuan , Jiang Yuan , Hu Xiong , Tang Tian Hao , Claramunt Christophe
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a review of some of the applications for artificial muscle and several material of artificial muscle. We focus attention on the polymer material artificial muscle, which responds to electrical stimulation with a significant change in shape or size. Through our research on a variety of materials and the analysis of the mechanical properties of muscle movement, finally we designed the artificial muscle device the imitation of muscles stretching device. This article describes the structure and performance of the device.
Small Wind Turbine Design Verification by Computer Simulation
Authors: Tan Chung Ming , Lai Mei Juan
Published: February 2017

Rotor blade design relies heavily on the aerodynamic theory. Extensive calculations are necessary in order to determine the blade parameters such as chord and thickness distributions, twist angle distribution and taper that is matched with the selected airfoil sections. For practical purposes, the engineers need a convenient means to verify their design. Wind turbine blades must be designed to operate in desirable performance. This research proposes a computer aided method that helps the engineers to examine the design and amend it in time. The numerical example shows good applicability of the methodology proposed. The proposed methodology not only lets us verify our design scientifically but also makes us understand the associated physical insight. The numerical example demonstrated here showed the converted power by the rotor can be evaluated easily by Flow Simulation according to the aerodynamics theory.
An Experimental Study on Effect of T-Joint’s Root Gap on Welding Properties
Authors: Purwaningrum Yustiasih , Kusuma Panji Lukman Tirta , Darmawan Dwi
Published: February 2017

The aimed of this research is to investigate the effect of T-Joint’s root gap on physical and mechanical properties of weld metal. Low carbon steel were joined in T-joint types using MIG (Metal Inert Gas) with variation of root gap. The root gap used were 0 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm. The physical properties examined with chemical composition, microstructure and corrosion using optical microscope. The mechanical properties were measured with respect to the strength and hardness using Universal testing machine and Vickers Microhardness. The results show that the highest value found in welds with a gap of 3 mm with a value of 163.57 MPa. Hardness value is directly proportional to the tensile strength of the material. The highest value found in welds with root gap of 3 mm, followed by root gap of 6 mm, and 0 mm Hardness values in the welding area is higher than the parent metal and HAZ because the number of Si, Mn and Cu elements in the welding metals are bigger than base metal. Weld with all variation of root gap have a good corrosion resistance because the corrosion rate in welds with various root gap have a value below 0.02 mmpy. Microstructure of weld metals were Accicular ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite, and grain boundary ferrite, while microstructure of base metal and HAZ were ferrite and perlite.
Cause Analysis and Preventive Measures against Cracks in 15Cr1Mo1V Steel Welded Joint in Service
Authors: Shi Wei , Lv Yi Shi , Chen Zhong Bing , Meng Ling Hui , Zhang Li Jun , Zhang Jian Lin
Published: February 2017

Characteristics and forming causes of the cracks in welded joint of 15Cr1Mo1V steel serviced 70000h are investigated by mechanical and chemical testing and crack morphology observation. Results show that the cracks initiate from welded metal or coarse grain heat affect zone (CGHAZ) near fusion line, and there are three kinds of defects observed in the crack region, which are macrocracks, microcracks and voids. According to the forming position, process and morphology of the cracks, it is estimated that the cracks are a kind of stress relief crack (SRC). The main reasons of the cracking are because of residual stress caused by improper temperature field during post welding heat treatment, strong stress concentration caused by welding structure, additional stress caused by abnormal hangers & supports and decreased ductility of welded joint in service. The SRC in welded joint can be avoided through optimizing the welding process and postweld heat treatment(PWHT) process to ensure enough critical ductility deformation ability εc and avoiding and reducing stress concentration and additional stress to decrease ductility deformation εP of welded joint which make εc>εp consistently.
Study on Compressive Strength of Bamboo-Aluminum Composite
Authors: He Hai Yang , Cai Ji Wei , Wang Ai Qin , Zhang Yu Hong , Zhang Cheng Zhi
Published: February 2017

The advantages of aluminum alloy are found expression in lightweight and high strength, while bamboo features in density and thermal insulation. It’s necessary to explore composition effect of bamboo-aluminum composite. Specimens were prepared by filling aluminum alloy hollow profile with bamboo blocks, and then stress-time curves were collected in process of compression. Its ultimate strength reached 56 MPa, and residual strength is about 40% of its ultimate strength. The bamboo-aluminum composite has good mechanical properties and reliability for structural components and is worthy of wide applications.
The Effect of Waterproof Processing Method on Properties of Calcium Silicate Board
Authors: Sun Shi Bing , Chen Ke Yu , Zhao Hai Yang , Tian Ying Liang , Liu Dong Hua , Yi Hui
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the effect of waterproof processing method on properties of calcium silicate board was studied in view of the requirement of calcium silicate board for building external wall. Experiments adopted waterborne epoxy resin in the test to do waterproof processing by three ways, which means taking the measure of waterproof processing respectively on two surfaces of the sample, on two surfaces and two lateral faces of the sample, and on all the six surfaces of the sample. The results showed that the sample could easily get wet from the side to the center, and it could only get satisfactory results when taking waterproof processing on all the six surfaces of the sample. Meanwhile, the water absorption rate of the sample decreased from 18.4% to 4.4% and its bending strength significantly got improved even after that the sample was treated separately by freeze-thaw cycles, dry-wet circulation, and soaking in hot water. Moreover, the performance of moisture deformation of the sample got reduced.
Effect of Nb and Mn Substitution on Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Lead-Free Piezoceramics with Enhanced Electrical Properties
Authors: Guo Yu Chen , Fan Hui Qing , Shi Jing
Published: February 2017

The perovskite oxide Bi0.5Na0.5MnxTi1-xO3, Bi0.5Na0.5NbxTi1-xO3, Bi0.5Na0.5 (Mn0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO3 and Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics (x=0.25%) were prepared via the conventional solid state reaction method. The role of Mn as an acceptor, Nb as a donor and (Mn0.5Nb0.5) substitution at B site in BNT lead-free piezoceramics was investigated. The (Mn0.5Nb0.5) substitution led to the inhibited of reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ and gave rise to large defect-dipole clusters containing highly localized electrons which should be responsible for the increase of Tc and Td. The ferroelectric properties and field-induced strains were both improved by Mn-acceptor and (Mn0.5Nb0.5) co-doped. The fatigue-resistant properties of Nb doped BNT ceramics were comparable to BNT ceramics, Mn doped ceramics were found to have significantly improved fatigue-resistant properties, while almost no profound fatigue was observed in BNT-MnNb ceramics after switching over 106 cycles at room temperature.
Synthesis of Glucose-Sensitive Microcapsules via Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Controlled Insulin Release Applications
Authors: Talusan Timothy Jemuel E. , Baltazar Maria Crispina P. , Usman Ken Aldren S. , Payawan Jr. Leon M.
Published: February 2017

Drug delivery systems using polymeric materials have been under intensive investigation and have been reported to show effective drug targeting specificity, lowering system drug toxicity, improving treatment absorption rates, and providing enteric coatings against biochemical degradation. The layer–by–layer (Lbl) assembly of polyelectrolytes through electrostatic interactions can be readily tailored to control the size, structure, and stability of the film and microcapsules. In this study, microcapsules were fabricated by alternately depositing poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) PDDA, glucose oxidase (GOx), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to form multilayer shells on a MnCO3 template and onto insulin particles by Lbl method. Also, the physical characteristic and release mechanism of thin films incorporating insulin sandwiched between [2(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), with polymer/GOx layers were compared with the fabricated microcapsules. The synthesized shells have shown stability at pH 4 and become unstable at neutral pH. The fabricated insulin loaded microcapsules and films showed an on–off mechanism in the presence of glucose. Exposure to glucose solutions resulted in the production of gluconic acid; as a result, there was a change in the conformation of the polymer, releasing the embedded insulin. The drug release profiles observed indicates their potential application for the controlled release of insulin.
Calvin, Luther and church unity
Authors: Van Wyk I.W.C.
Published: February 2017

This article deals with Luther and Calvin’s efforts to preserve and promote church unity. Attention is given to their role as leaders of the reformational movement who self-evidently had to unite people from different countries. Special attention is given to Calvin’s ecumenical activities. Information is given about his letters, pastoral advice and mediation efforts. Short notes are also provided on their dogmatic explications for the unity of the church.
Calvin on the sacraments and church unity
Authors: Smit D.J.
Published: February 2017

Calvin’s ecumenical passion has often been documented by scholars (section 1). This article argues that these practical en- deavours were based on Calvin’s ecclesiological conviction that there is only one church (section 2), based on the communio of believers with Christ and with one another (section 3), in which the sacraments, particularly the Lord’s Supper, play a crucial role as the bonds of communio (section 4). For Calvin, this concretely implied that believers who participate in the cele- bration of the Supper should also love one another, as quota- tions from the 1559 “Institutes” powerfully demonstrate (section 5). Given the ambiguous legacy of Calvin in South Africa, these views of Calvin present a continuous challenge to South African churches in his tradition (section 6).
Management perceptions of a higher educational brand for the attraction of talented academic staf
Authors: Saurombe Musa , Barkhuizen E. Nicolene , Schutte Nico E.
Published: February 2017

Orientation: Academic staff members have a crucial role in the success of higher education institutions (HEIs). Therefore, it is imperative to cultivate an appealing organisational brand that will attract them to HEIs as an employer of choice.Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore management perceptions on a higher educational institution as a brand for the attraction of talented academic staff.Motivation for the study: Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on organisational branding, not much has emphasised the higher educational sector.Research approach, design and method: A qualitative research approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews to collect data from management (N = 12) of a merged South African HEI.Main findings: The findings revealed six themes that should form the core of a higher educational brand for academic staff: reputation and image, organisational culture and identity, strategic vision, corporate social responsibility and work and surrounding environment.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of the study will assist higher education management to create a compelling organisational brand and work environment to attract and retain talented academic staff members.Contribution/value-add: This research makes a valuable contribution towards creating new knowledge in the key that should form part of an appealing higher education brand that will attract and retain current and future talent.
Emotional intelligence in South African women leaders in higher education
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Oosthuizen Rudolf M. , Surtee Sabie
Published: February 2017

Orientation: This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of emotional intelligence (EI) in women leaders in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa from an inside perspective.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore EI in South African women leaders working in HEIs to identify women leader’s strengths, foci and their possible areas of development. The aim is to get deeper insights in EI in women leaders because EI is associated with effective leadership qualities, creativity and innovation, as well as empathetic communication which is needed in the challenging HEI workplaces.Motivation for the study: Emotional intelligence is an important source for women leaders to increase leadership qualities. This study is motivated by a deep interest to explore aspects of EI in women leaders in this specific professional context.Research design, approach and method: The study uses a qualitative research design and an approach based on Dilthey’s modern hermeneutics of ‘Verstehen’ (understanding). Twenty-three women leaders of the Higher Education Research Service (HERS-SA) network were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. One researcher observed behaviour in one HEI to support the interpretation of the data. Data were analysed through content analysis.Main findings: Findings show that women leaders mainly refer to intrapersonal emotional quotient (EQ), followed by interpersonal EQ, adaptability, stress management and, finally, general mood. The most highly rated components of EQ are self-regard, followed by interpersonal relationships, problem solving, empathy, emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, impulse control and social responsibility. Findings also provide ideas on what EQ components can be further developed.Practical/managerial implications: New insights are provided on what components of EI should be developed in women leaders to increase overall EI, on cognitive and behavioural levels.Contribution/value-add: This research provides new and original context-specific insights on EI in HEIs in South Africa, which can be used as a basis for future research on women leaders while providing a knowledge base for contemporary training of EI in HEIs.
Change of Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum after Indirect Decompression Using Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Eguchi Yawara , Aoki Yasuchika , Nakamura Junichi , Miyagi Masayuki , Suzuki Miyako , Kubota Gou , Inage Kazuhide , Sainoh Takeshi , Sato Jun , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Abe Koki , Kanamoto Hiroto , Inoue Gen , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Furuya Takeo , Koda Masao
Published: February 2017

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the ligamentum flavum thickness and remodeling of the spinal canal after anterior fusion during a 10-year follow-up.

Overview of Literature

Extreme lateral interbody fusion provides minimally invasive treatment of the lumbar spine; this anterior fusion without direct posterior decompression, so-called indirect decompression, can achieve pain relief. Anterior fusion may restore disc height, stretch the flexure of the ligamentum flavum, and increase the spinal canal diameter. However, changes in the ligamentum flavum thickness and remodeling of the spinal canal after anterior fusion during a long follow-up have not yet been reported.

Methods

We evaluated 10 patients with L4 spondylolisthesis who underwent stand-alone anterior interbody fusion using the iliac crest bone. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 10 years after surgery. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dural sac and the ligamentum flavum at L1–2 to L5–S1 was calculated using a Picture Archiving and Communication System.

Results

Spinal fusion with correction loss (average, 4.75 mm anterior slip) was achieved in all patients 10 years postsurgery. The average CSAs of the dural sac and the ligamentum flavum at L1–2 to L5–S1 were 150 mm2 and 78 mm2, respectively. The average CSA of the ligamentum flavum at L4–5 (30 mm2) (fusion level) was significantly less than that at L1–2 to L3–4 or L5–S1. Although patients had an average anterior slip of 4.75 mm, the average CSA of the dural sac at L4–5 was significantly larger than at the other levels.

Conclusions

Spinal stability induced a lumbar ligamentum flavum change and a sustained remodeling of the spinal canal, which may explain the long-term pain relief after indirect decompression fusion surgery.
Does Segmental Kyphosis Affect Surgical Outcome after a Posterior Decompressive Laminectomy in Multisegmental Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?
Authors: Jain Akshay , Rustagi Tarush , Prasad Gautam , Deore Tushar , Bhojraj Shekhar Y.
Published: February 2017

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Purpose

To compare results of laminectomy in multisegmental compressive cervical myelopathy (CSM) with lordosis versus segmental kyphosis.

Overview of Literature

Laminectomy is an established procedure for decompression in CSM with cervical lordosis. However in patients with segmental kyphosis, it is associated with risk of progression of kyphosis and poor outcome. Whether this loss of sagittal alignment affects functional outcome is not clear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 68 patients who underwent laminectomy for CSM from 1998 to 2009. As per preoperative magnetic resonance images, 36 patients had preoperative lordosis (Group 1) and 32 had segmental kyphosis (Group 2). We studied age at the time of surgery, duration of preoperative symptoms, recovery rate, magnitude of postoperative backward shifting of spinal cord and loss of sagittal alignment.

Results

Mean follow up was 5.05 years (range, 2–13 years) and mean age at the time of surgery 61.88 years. Group 1 had 20 men and 16 women and Group 2 had 19 men and 13 women. Mean recovery rate in Group 1 was 60.32%, in Group 2 was 63.7% without any statistical difference (p-value 0.21, one tailed analysis of variance). Two patients of Group 1 had loss of cervical lordosis by five degrees. In Group 2 seven patients had progression of segmental kyphosis by 5–10 degrees and two patients by more than 10 degrees. Mean cord shift was more in Group 1 (mean, 2.41 mm) as compared to Group 2 (mean, –1.97 mm) but it had no correlation to recovery rate. Patients with younger age (mean, 57 years) and less duration of preoperative symptoms (mean, 4.86 years) had better recovery rate (75%).

Conclusions

Clinical outcome in CSM is not related to preoperative cervical spine alignment. Thus, lordosis is not mandatory for planning laminectomy in CSM. Good outcome is expected in younger patients operated earliest after onset of symptoms.
Evaluation of Histological Changes in Back Muscle Injuries in Rats over Time
Authors: Abe Koki , Inage Kazuhide , Sakuma Yoshihiro , Orita Sumihisa , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Suzuki Miyako , Kubota Go , Oikawa Yasuhiro , Sainoh Takeshi , Sato Jun , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Kanamoto Hirohito , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ohtori Seiji
Published: February 2017

Study Design

Animal model study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological variation in the injured muscle and production of calcitonin gene-related peptide in rats over time.

Overview of Literature

Vertebral surgery has been reported to cause atrophy of the back muscles, which may result in pain. However, few reports have described the time series histological variation in the injured muscle and changes in the dominant nerve.

Methods

We used 30 male, 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The right and left sides of the paravertebral muscle were considered as the injured and uninjured sides, respectively. A 115 g weight was dropped from a height of 1 m on the right paravertebral muscle. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the muscle was performed 1–3 weeks after injury for histological evaluation. Fluoro-Gold (FG) was injected into the paravertebral muscle. The L2 dorsal root ganglia on both sides were resected 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injury, and immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin gene-related peptide was performed.

Results

H&E staining of the paravertebral muscle showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and the presence of granulation tissue in the injured part on the ipsilateral side 1 week after injury. Muscle atrophy occurred 3 weeks after injury, but was repaired via spontaneous replacement of muscle cells/fibers. In contrast, compared with the uninjured side, the percentage of cells double-labeled with FG and calcitonin gene-related peptide in FG-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglia of the injured side was significantly increased at each time point throughout the study period.

Conclusions

These results suggest that sensitization of the dominant nerve in the dorsal root ganglia, which may be caused by cicatrix formation, can protract injured muscle pain. This information may be helpful in elucidating the underlying mechanism of persistent pain after back muscle injury.
Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO2 flux
Authors: Kim Jinwoong , Kim Hyun Mee , Cho Chun-Ho , Boo Kyung-On , Jacobson Andrew R. , Sasakawa Motoki , Machida Toshinobu , Arshinov Mikhail , Fedoseev Nikolay
Published: February 2017

Abstract. To investigate the effect of additional CO2 observations in the Siberia region on the Asian and global surface CO2 flux analyses, two experiments using different observation data sets were performed for 2000–2009. One experiment was conducted using a data set that includes additional observations of Siberian tower measurements (Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network: JR-STATION), and the other experiment was conducted using a data set without the above additional observations. The results show that the global balance of the sources and sinks of surface CO2 fluxes was maintained for both experiments with and without the additional observations. While the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake and flux uncertainty in Siberia decreased from −1.17 ± 0.93 to −0.77 ± 0.70 Pg C yr−1, the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake in the other regions (e.g., Europe) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land increased for the experiment with the additional observations, which affect the longitudinal distribution of the total NH sinks. This change was mostly caused by changes in the magnitudes of surface CO2 flux in June and July. The observation impact measured by uncertainty reduction and self-sensitivity tests shows that additional observations provide useful information on the estimated surface CO2 flux. The average uncertainty reduction of the conifer forest of Eurasian boreal (EB) is 29.1 % and the average self-sensitivities at the JR-STATION sites are approximately 60 % larger than those at the towers in North America. It is expected that the Siberian observations play an important role in estimating surface CO2 flux in the NH land (e.g., Siberia and Europe) in the future.
A decadal satellite record of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere to study polar stratospheric cloud formation
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Spang Reinhold , Orr Andrew , Alexander M. Joan , Holt Laura A. , Stein Olaf
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves yield substantial small-scale temperature fluctuations that can trigger the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This paper introduces a new satellite record of gravity wave activity in the polar lower stratosphere to investigate this process. The record is comprised of observations of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite from January 2003 to December 2012. Gravity wave activity is measured in terms of detrended and noise-corrected 15 µm brightness temperature variances, which are calculated from AIRS channels that are the most sensitive to temperature fluctuations at about 17–32 km of altitude. The analysis of temporal patterns in the data set revealed a strong seasonal cycle in wave activity with wintertime maxima at mid- and high latitudes. The analysis of spatial patterns indicated that orography as well as jet and storm sources are the main causes of the observed waves. Wave activity is closely correlated with 30 hPa zonal winds, which is attributed to the AIRS observational filter. We used the new data set to evaluate explicitly resolved temperature fluctuations due to gravity waves in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis. It was found that the analysis reproduces orographic and non-orographic wave patterns in the right places, but that wave amplitudes are typically underestimated by a factor of 2–3. Furthermore, in a first survey of joint AIRS and Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite observations, nearly 50 gravity-wave-induced PSC formation events were identified. The survey shows that the new AIRS data set can help to better identify such events and more generally highlights the importance of the process for polar ozone chemistry.
Coral mortality induced by the 2015–2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall
Authors: Ampou Eghbert Elvan , Johan Ofri , Menkes Christophe E. , Niño Fernando , Birol Florence , Ouillon Sylvain , Andréfouët Serge
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The 2015–2016 El-Niño and related ocean warming has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, the first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, this El Niño has impacted Indonesian coral reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. In September 2015, altimetry data show that sea level was at its lowest in the past 12 years, affecting corals living in the bathymetric range exposed to unusual emersion. In March 2016, Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi) displayed up to 85 % mortality on reef flats dominated by Porites, Heliopora and Goniastrea corals with differential mortality rates by coral genus. Almost all reef flats showed evidence of mortality, representing 30 % of Bunaken reefs. For reef flat communities which were living at a depth close to the pre-El Niño mean low sea level, the fall induced substantial mortality likely by higher daily aerial exposure, at least during low tide periods. Altimetry data were used to map sea level fall throughout Indonesia, suggesting that similar mortality could be widespread for shallow reef flat communities, which accounts for a vast percent of the total extent of coral reefs in Indonesia. The altimetry historical records also suggest that such an event was not unique in the past two decades, therefore rapid sea level fall could be more important in the dynamics and resilience of Indonesian reef flat communities than previously thought. The clear link between mortality and sea level fall also calls for a refinement of the hierarchy of El Niño impacts and their consequences on coral reefs.
Swiss military drones and the border space: a critical study of the surveillance exercised by border guards
Authors: Pedrozo Silvana
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This paper focuses on the Swiss border guard's relationship with the border space since the use of military drone systems (ADS-95 Ranger) for surveillance missions. Firstly, the paper highlights how the use of these flying devices both facilitates and limits the acquisition of new knowledge by the border guards. It then explores the way in which the fundamentally mobile and flexible nature of this technology also gives rise to new surveillance practices and identification controls. We show that these changes influence the border guard's relationship with the border. To achieve this, our analysis is based on empirical data obtained from semi-structured interviews with key players in the field, action maps and field observation carried out during a drone engagement in September 2014. One major question therefore guides this study: how do military drone systems – by way of the new knowledge and practices they generate – influence relationships in the border space?
The MetNet vehicle: a lander to deploy environmental stations for local and global investigations of Mars
Authors: Harri Ari-Matti , Pichkadze Konstantin , Zeleny Lev , Vazquez Luis , Schmidt Walter , Alexashkin Sergey , Korablev Oleg , Guerrero Hector , Heilimo Jyri , Uspensky Mikhail , Finchenko Valery , Linkin Vyacheslav , Arruego Ignacio , Genzer Maria , Lipatov Alexander , Polkko Jouni , Paton Mark , Savijärvi Hannu , Haukka Harri , Siili Tero , Khovanskov Vladimir , Ostesko Boris , Poroshin Andrey , Diaz-Michelena Marina , Siikonen Timo , Palin Matti , Vorontsov Viktor , Polyakov Alexander , Valero Francisco , Kemppinen Osku , Leinonen Jussi , Romero Pilar
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Investigations of global and related local phenomena on Mars such as atmospheric circulation patterns, boundary layer phenomena, water, dust and climatological cycles and investigations of the planetary interior would benefit from simultaneous, distributed in situ measurements. Practically, such an observation network would require low-mass landers, with a high packing density, so a large number of landers could be delivered to Mars with the minimum number of launchers.The Mars Network Lander (MetNet Lander; MNL), a small semi-hard lander/penetrator design with a payload mass fraction of approximately 17 %, has been developed, tested and prototyped. The MNL features an innovative Entry, Descent and Landing System (EDLS) that is based on inflatable structures. The EDLS is capable of decelerating the lander from interplanetary transfer trajectories down to a surface impact speed of 50–70 m s−1 with a deceleration of < 500 g for < 20 ms. The total mass of the prototype design is ≈ 24 kg, with ≈ 4 kg of mass available for the payload.The EDLS is designed to orient the penetrator for a vertical impact. As the payload bay will be embedded in the surface materials, the bay's temperature excursions will be much less than if it were fully exposed on the Martian surface, allowing a reduction in the amount of thermal insulation and savings on mass.The MNL is well suited for delivering meteorological and atmospheric instruments to the Martian surface. The payload concept also enables the use of other environmental instruments. The small size and low mass of a MNL makes it ideally suited for piggy-backing on larger spacecraft. MNLs are designed primarily for use as surface networks but could also be used as pathfinders for high-value landed missions.