bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalability of a FETI‐DP Method for Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Herzog Roland , Rheinbach Oliver
Published: December 2014

A parallel FETI‐DP (Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting) domain decomposition method is applied to optimal control problems with control constraints. We show parallel scalability for up to 1024 cores of a Cray XT6. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Error‐Controlled Model Order Reduction of Second Order Systems with Adaptive Choice of Shifts and Order
Authors: Panzer Heiko K. F. , Wolf Thomas , Lohmann Boris
Published: December 2014

This contribution summarizes a novel approach to error‐controlled model order reduction of second order systems, i. e. a new way to find a reduced order model of specified approximation quality. To this end, starting from a particular state space realization of the model, one performs multiple reduction steps and increments the reduced model until (computationally affordable) rigorous global error bounds fall below the prescribed limit. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some notes on monotonicity preserving schemes on adaptive grids
Authors: Shokina Nina
Published: December 2014

By the example of the 1D transport equation with constant coefficient and the 2D linear transport equation with variable coefficients, the monotonization approach for two‐step explicit finite‐difference schemes is presented, based on studying scheme differential approximations [1,2]. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bubble dynamics: Long‐time behavior and interaction in viscous liquids
Authors: Wolf Alexandre , Masood Rao M. A. , Delgado Antonio , Rauh Cornelia
Published: December 2014

A mathematical two‐phase model is used to numerically investigate physical and rheological effects on small, individual bubbles in high‐viscosity liquids under pressure impact. It is found out that bubbles remain stable over time at high viscosity and surface tension. The steady case is considered and connected to the stability behavior of the bubble. An upper bound for the bubble radius is derived and the new equilibrium state of the bubble can be predicted by means of stability theorems of differential equations. Finally, the interaction of a limited number of well separated bubbles in an Hele‐Shaw flow is mathematically analyzed to visualize and physically interpret their trajectories. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability analysis of phase fitted variational integrators
Authors: Kosmas Odysseas , Leyendecker Sigrid
Published: December 2014

In the present work, we discuss the benefits, limitations and restrictions for the high order phase fitted variational integrators, derived specifically for the numerical integration of systems with oscillatory solutions. To do that, we study linear stability properties of these methods using the eigenvalues of the amplification matrix. The obtained stability region verifies their good behavior, when used for the numerical solution of highly oscillatory problems. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
TVD‐based Finite Volume Methods for Sound‐Advection‐Buyancy Systems
Authors: Knoth Oswald , Naumann Andreas , Wensch Jörg
Published: December 2014

Split‐explicit Runge‐Kutta methods provide an efficient integration procedure for hyperbolic systems with coupled slow and fast wave phenomena. They are generalized to multirate infinitesimal step methods (MIS) in order to develop an order to provide order conditions and to establish stability properties. The construction of MIS methods is based on an underlying Runge‐Kutta method. This method is choosen to be total variation diminishing (TVD) to improve the stability properties of the method. Here, the maximum Courant number is improved by a factor of 4. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hierarchical Constraint‐Based Singularity Avoidance for Multi‐Axis Robots
Authors: Nordheimer Eugen , Wagner Achim , Badreddin Esammedin
Published: December 2014

A generalized reflexive approach for Hierarchical Constraint‐Based Singularity Avoidance (HCB‐SA) is proposed and demonstrated for the multi‐axis robot control of a six Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) hybrid manipulator system. The concept utilizes a dynamic adaptation of virtual constraints by introducing virtual damped actuation on the velocity control level and an anisotropic reflexive trajectory deflection depending on the robot constraints on the position control level. Redundant or low priority DOFs can be used to minimize the pose error in the more important DOFs reflexively without calculating new trajectories. Accordingly, the end‐effector can be safely controlled in the vicinity of singularities and all constraints in the task and joint space can be surely hold. Furthermore, the proposed cascaded feedback control with the generalized HCB‐SA algorithm is able to react on the presence of external disturbances which is validated using software‐in‐the‐loop simulation on the real‐time control system. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Motion planning for a piezo‐actuated structure modeling a wingsail
Authors: Kater Andreas , Meurer Thomas
Published: December 2014

This contribution presents the modeling and the motion planning of a flexible interconnected beam structure representing a wingsail. The structure is equipped with spatially distributed embedded actuators. The solution of the motion planning provides a feedforward control law to realize a desired spatial‐temporal out‐of‐plane deflection trajectory. For this, a systematic flatness‐based methodology is proposed, that allows for an efficient numerical solution exploiting, e.g., finite element approximations. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flatness‐based Feed‐forward Control for an Elastic Heavy Rope
Authors: Knüppel Torsten , Woittennek Frank
Published: December 2014

Considered is the feed‐forward control design for an elastic heavy rope that is model by a quasilinear partial differential equation of hyperbolic type. The problem is solved by means of a flatness‐based approach that involves the solution of a Cauchy problem associated with the model equation. Simulation results are given to illustrate the results. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supply Chain Optimization via Distributed Model Predictive Control
Authors: Pannek Jürgen , Frazzon Enzo
Published: December 2014

Supply chains networks describe the flow of material, energy and information from their sources to end costumers. Typically, such a network consists of several stages such as suppliers, manufacturers and retailers, which contribute to the completion of a product. Here, we restrict ourselves to one arc from supplier to costumer. Instead of known strategies such as postponement, we apply a model predictive control scheme to deal with the optimal steering problem of the considered arc in a distributed way. To this end, we assign one controller to each stage along the considered arc. Since the stages may represent different companies, local cost criteria are imposed, which are optimized subject to local and global constraints while communicating with neighbors. Additionally, we discuss the applicability of such an approach regarding information requirements and respective policies of companies. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Topology Based Discretization of PDAEs Describing Water Transportation Networks
Authors: Huck Christoph , Jansen Lennart , Tischendorf Caren
Published: December 2014

We consider partial differential algebraic systems (PDAEs) describing water transportation networks. Similar to the approach in [6], we follow the method of lines for the discretization. However, we do not consider free surface flow models but pressure flow models covering hydraulic shocks. Moreover, we include switching models reflecting the on/off state of pumpes and valves. Aiming at a stable numerical simulation of the PDAEs we present a topology based spatial discretization that results in a differential algebraic system (DAE) of index 1. Furthermore we show that the DAE index can be higher than 1 if the spatial discretization is not adapted to the position of reservoirs and demand nodes within the network. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some Remarks on High Gain Observer Design
Authors: Röbenack Klaus
Published: December 2014

High gain observer design can be carried out for nonlinear systems, whose dynamics can be decomposed into a linear and a Lipschitz continuous nonlinear part. The observer uses a linear output injection, which is specified by a constant gain matrix. Due to this simple structure, high gain observers are frequently used in practical applications. The observer gain is often chosen via eigenvalue placement. However, the formal existence conditions are more complicated. In many cases, there is a finite bound on the maximum feasible Lipschitz constant of the nonlinear part for which the error dynamics can be stabilized. The existing results can be improved significantly, if the structure of the linear part is taken into account. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sobolev regularity of multipliers in multidimensional control problems of Dieudonné‐Rashevsky type
Authors: Wagner Marcus
Published: December 2014

Within Pontryagin's maximum principle for Dieudonné‐Rashevsky type problems with convex or polyconvex data, the multipliers associated with the state equation may be chosen from an appropriate Sobolev space. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low noise regimes for ℓ regularization : continuous and discrete settings
Authors: Duval Vincent , Peyré Gabriel
Published: December 2014

We focus on support recovery for signal deconvolution with sparsity assumption. We adopt the continuous setting defined by several recent works and we try to reconstruct a sum of Dirac masses from its low frequencies (possibly perturbed by some noise), by using a total variation prior for Radon measures (i.e. the generalization to measures of the ℓ1 norm). We show that, under a non degenerate source condition, there exists a small noise regime in which the model recovers exactly the same number of spikes as the original signal, and the spikes converge to those of the original signal as the noise vanishes. This continuous setting, by allowing the spikes to “move”, provides robust support recovery for signals composed of well separated spikes.

In a discrete setting, where the spikes are reconstructed on a grid, similar low noise regimes which guarantee the exact recovery of the support also exist (see [3]). Yet, this property only concerns a small class of signals. Considering the asymptotics of the discrete problems as the size of the grid tends to zero, we show that the support of the original signal cannot be stable on thin grids, and that the discrete models actually reconstruct pairs of spikes near each original spike. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effective discretization of the two‐dimensional wave equation
Authors: Görner Torsten , Kunis Stefan
Published: December 2014

The wave equation and associated spherical means are a widespread model in modern imaging modalities like photoacoustic tomography. We consider a discretization for the Cauchy problem of the two dimensional wave equation by plane waves. The considered frequencies lie on a Cartesian or on a polar grid which gives rise to efficient algorithms for the computation of the spherical means. The theoretical findings are illustrated by a some numerical experiments. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometry + Simulation Modules: Implementing Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Jüttler Bert , Langer Ulrich , Mantzaflaris Angelos , Moore Stephen E. , Zulehner Walter
Published: December 2014

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is a recently developed simulation method that allows integration of finite element analysis (FEA) with conventional computer‐aided design (CAD) software [1,3]. This goal requires new software design strategies, in order to enable the use of CAD data in the analysis pipeline. To this end, we have initiated G+SMO (Geometry+Simulation Modules), an open‐source, C++ library for IGA. G+SMO is an object‐oriented, template library, that implements a generic concept for IGA, based on abstract classes for discretization basis, geometry map, assembler, solver and so on. It makes use of object polymorphism and inheritance techniques to provide a common framework for IGA, for a variety of different basis‐types which are available. A highlight of our design is the dimension independent code, realized by means of template meta‐programming. Some of the features already available include computing with B‐spline, Bernstein, NURBS bases, as well as hierarchical and truncated hierarchical bases of arbitrary polynomial order. These basis functions are used in continuous and discontinuous Galerkin approximation of PDEs over (non‐)conforming multi‐patch computational (physical) domains. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Achieving Portable High Performance for Iterative Solvers on Accelerators
Authors: Rupp Karl , Tillet Philippe , Jüngel Ansgar , Grasser Tibor
Published: December 2014

We propose performance enhancements for the implementation of the conjugate gradient method and the generalized minimum residual method for accelerators such as graphics processing units. Through a minimization of memory transfers from global memory via pipelining as well as a reduction of the number of compute kernels through kernel fusion, the performance is improved by up to two‐fold when compared to standard implementations based on vendor‐tuned routines. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Elastic Solids with Micro‐Structure.
Authors: Picard Rainer
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Based on the general framework of evolutionary equations in the sense of [6,8] and referring to well‐posedness results in the context of evolutionary problems from mathematical physics we consider two problems from elasticity theory as particular applications. Our structural perspective is illustrated by showing that the theory of elastic solids with micro‐structure can be transparently embedded into the abstract solution theory. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Note on Exponential Stability for Evolutionary Equations.
Authors: Trostorff Sascha
Published: December 2014

An abstract notion of exponential stability within the framework of evolutionary equations is provided. Sufficient conditions for the exponential stability are given in terms of the so‐called material‐law operator, which is defined via an operator‐valued analytic function. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a class of Sturm‐Liouville operators which are connected to PT symmetric problems
Authors: Azizov Tomas Ya. , Trunk Carsten
Published: December 2014

A prominent class of
$\cal PT$
‐symmetric Hamiltonians is

for some nonnegative number N. The associated eigenvalue problem is defined on a contour Γ in a specific area in the complex plane (Stokes wedges), see [3, 5]. In this short note we consider the case N = 2 only. Here we elaborate the relationship between Stokes lines and Stokes wedges and well‐known limit point/limit circle criteria from [6,10,11]. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hypocoercivity for degenerate Kolmogorov equations and applications to the Langevin dynamics
Authors: Grothaus Martin , Stilgenbauer Patrik
Published: December 2014

We present an extension of the powerful Hilbert space hypocoercivity method that was developed originally by Dolbeault, Mouhot and Schmeiser. We focus attention on including important domain issues that have not been considered before. The setting can be used to provide a complete elaboration of the hypocoercivity theorem for the degenerate Langevin dynamics. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A hypocoercivity related ergodicity method for Kolmogorov equations
Authors: Grothaus Martin , Stilgenbauer Patrik
Published: December 2014

We develop a new abstract strategy for proving ergodicity with explicit computable rate of convergence for diffusions associated with a degenerate Kolmogorov operator L. A crucial point is that the evolution operator L may have singular and nonsmooth coefficients. This allows the application of the method e.g. to the degenerate Nparticle Langevin dynamics. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dictionary Learning and Non‐Asymptotic Bounds for Geometric Multi‐Resolution Analysis
Authors: Maggioni Mauro , Minsker Stanislav , Strawn Nate
Published: December 2014

Data sets in high‐dimensional spaces are often concentrated near low‐dimensional sets. Geometric Multi‐Resolution Analysis (Allard, Chen, Maggioni, 2012) was introduced as a method for approximating (in a robust, multiscale fashion) a low‐dimensional set around which data may concentrated and also providing dictionary for sparse representation of the data. Moreover, the procedure is very computationally efficient. We introduce an estimator for low‐dimensional sets supporting the data constructed from the GMRA approximations. We exhibit (near optimal) finite sample bounds on its performance, and demonstrate the robustness of this estimator with respect to noise and model error. In particular, our results imply that, if the data is supported on a low‐dimensional manifold, the proposed sparse representations result in an error which depends only on the intrinsic dimension of the manifold. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of microscopic failure in heterogeneous materials
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Kästner Markus , Ulbricht Volker
Published: December 2014

The proper modeling of state‐of‐the‐art engineering materials requires a profound understanding of the nonlinear macroscopic material behavior. Especially for heterogeneous materials the effective macroscopic response is amongst others driven by damage effects and the inelastic material behavior of the individual constituents [1]. Since the macroscopic length scale of such materials is significantly larger than the fine‐scale structure, a direct modeling of the local structure in a component model is not convenient. Multiscale techniques can be used to predict the effective material behavior. To this end, the authors developed a modeling technique based on representative volume elements (RVE) to predict the effective material behavior on different length scales. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to model discontinuities within the material structure independent of the underlying FE mesh. A dual enrichment strategy allows for the combined modeling of kinks (material interfaces) and jumps (cracks) within the displacement field [2]. The gradual degradation of the interface is thereby controlled by a cohesive zone model. In addition to interface failure, a non‐local strain driven continuum damage model has been formulated to efficiently detect localization zones within the material phases. An integral formulation introduces a characteristic length scale and assures the convergence of the approach upon mesh refinement [3]. The proposed method allows for an efficient modeling of substantial failure mechanisms within a heterogeneous structure without the need of remeshing or element substitution. Due to the generality of the approach it can be used on different length scales. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LMI‐based second‐order sliding set design using reduced order of derivatives
Authors: Márquez Raymundo , Tapia Alán , Bernal Miguel , Fridman Leonid
Published: December 2014

Sliding mode control design for systems with relative degree r requires a number r − 1 of time‐derivatives of the system output, which usually leads to deterioration of the whole scheme; if the highest‐order derivative is spared, a better precision is ensured. This paper proposes a control algorithm that guarantees reaching a second‐order sliding manifold using only r − 2 derivatives of the system output. This objective is achieved at the price of yielding finite‐time convergence while preserving the essential feature of insensitivity to matched disturbances. The results take full advantage of convex representations and linear matrix inequalities, whose formulation easily allows dealing with unmatched disturbances by convex optimization techniques already implemented in commercially available software. Simulation examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Adaptive Structure Filter for Sensor Registration from Unstructured Terrain
Authors: Phillips T. G. , Green M. E. , McAree P. R.
Published: December 2014

Correct registration of vehicle‐mounted sensors is a fundamental prerequisite for the perception capabilities required for automation. However, the use of a standard marker or artificial‐feature‐based approaches is often infeasible in environments that do not allow for additional infrastructure. This paper presents a method for sensor registration that overcomes this limitation by utilizing the geometric structure of the terrain surrounding the sensor platform. The method determines the information content of registration parameters in measurements of the terrain, and it updates only the subspace of those parameters with information. The performance of the method is demonstrated for registration of a sensor to a large mining haul‐truck and a swing‐loading excavator. The method is shown to successfully register the sensor to each vehicle using a surveyed topographic map of the terrain. Performing self‐registration using a map generated by the sensor itself is also demonstrated, however specific vehicle trajectory conditions are required to provide information on all registration parameters.
Robust mitigation of selfish misbehavior in wireless networks
Authors: Khoshabi Nobar Sina , Musevi Niya Javad
Published: December 2014

Medium access standards rely on complete cooperation of network nodes to provide fair access to common medium. But a selfish user can manipulate its network adapter to gain more access to valuable network resources. Existence of a selfish node in a network can severely degrade performance of well‐behaved nodes. As a result, these well‐behaved nodes experience drastic throughput drop and large amount of delay. In this paper, a modification to IEEE 802.11 MAC layer is proposed, which reduces the cheating possibility of the selfish node. In the proposed method, next transmitter is selected by current receiver and announced to neighbor nodes. This selection is based on channel usage ratio of neighbor nodes. The specified transmitter starts its transmission immediately after current transmission regardless of its backoff value. Main advantages of the proposed method over existing ones are its capability to mitigate various selfish misbehaviors, robustness against adaptive selfish strategies (a selfish node with ability to change its strategy to deceive security system), and high resiliency against aggressive selfish node (a node with high intention to do selfish behavior). Also, in absence of any selfish node, proposed method does not disturb normal operation of the network. If the proposed method is employed, performance of the network (in terms of throughput of well‐behaved nodes and fairness) is approximately not affected in presence of selfish node. This improvement in performance metrics is illustrated by simulating various strategies for selfish node and comparing the results with similar approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical Rationalism for Practice and its Relationship to Critical Systems Thinking
Authors: Ormerod Richard J.
Published: December 2014

Critical rationalism for practice (CRforP) attempts to provide a framework for practice by extending Karl Popper's epistemology of science (critical rationalism). In this paper, it is argued that CRforP can be considered within the debate about the nature of critical systems thinking (CST). In the paper, the bare bones of CRforP are fleshed out in order to consider issues that have been central to the CST debate, such as competence and expertise, moral choice and understanding of social context. CRforP brings a new perspective to the debate; the intent is that it should be applied in practice alongside already established CST approaches. To do so requires CST to be understood as an intellectual domain rather than a developed theory associated with one particular framework, metamethodology or metatheory. This conception of CST allows CRforP to be compared with existing approaches with a view to their use in practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of starch‐based ingredients in flavor encapsulation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli
Published: December 2014

Flavors are of great importance in consumer satisfaction and affect further consumptions of food products. The preservation of aromatic additives is often a top concern of food manufacturers because aromatics are usually expensive, volatile, delicate and hard to handle. Encapsulation provides an effective approach to protect flavors against evaporation and undesirable reactions during storage by coating them with protective carrier materials. Starch has been considered as an excellent wall material for flavor encapsulation over the years. There has been an increasing demand for starches in flavor encapsulation attributed to their significant benefits, as they are fully biodegradable, widely available, inexpensive, and can be easily modified into derivatives with various properties. This paper intends to give a clear overview of the application of four commonly used starch‐based ingredients, i.e., cyclodextrins, hydrolyzed starches, octenyl succinic anhydride starches and porous starches in flavor encapsulation. This review allows a better understanding of the properties of these starch derivatives, as well as their functions and problems in application of food flavor encapsulation. Future perspectives of starch application in flavor encapsulation are suggested.
The physical and adsorption properties of different modified corn starches
Authors: Guo Li , Liu Rui , Li Xueling , Sun Yin , Du Xianfeng
Published: December 2014

In order to improve the physical and adsorption properties of native corn starch, porous starch was prepared. Furthermore, dual‐modification of starches – enzyme hydrolyzed starch followed by cross‐linking as well as enzyme hydrolysis upon cross‐linking was explored. The results suggested that enzyme hydrolyzed starch followed by cross‐linking was significantly different from enzyme hydrolysis upon cross‐linking. The granular specific surface area of the dual‐modified starches was more than thousand orders of native corn starch. Crosslinked starch phosphates and enzyme hydrolyzed starch followed by cross‐linking had higher gelatinization temperature than porous starch and cross‐linked starch followed by enzyme hydrolysis. The ΔH of crosslinked starch phosphates and dual‐modification of starches were larger than that of native corn starch and porous starch, which indicates that the cross‐linking strengthens the starch granules and hence more energy is required for disruption. The absorption capacities of enzyme hydrolyzed starch followed by cross‐linking and enzyme hydrolysis upon cross‐linking were 5 times more than that of native corn starch, crosslinked starch phosphates and porous starch. Overall, it is concluded that the combination of cross‐linking and enzyme hydrolysis is a favorable approach to increase the mechanical strength and adsorptive capacity of porous starches.
Improvement of automatic Chinese text classification by combining multiple features
Authors: Luo Xi , Ohyama Wataru , Wakabayashi Tetsushi , Kimura Fumitaka
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we present an effective way of combining character‐based (N‐gram) and word‐based approaches for Chinese text classification. Uni‐gram and bi‐gram features are considered as the baseline model, which are then combined with word features of length greater than or equal to 3. A weight coefficient that can be used to give higher weights to word features is also introduced. We further employ a serial approach based on feature transformation and dimension reduction techniques. The results of McNemar's test indicate that the performance is significantly improved by our proposed method. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exponential wavelet iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm with random shift for compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Wang Shuihua , Ji Genlin , Dong Zhengchao
Published: December 2014

We propose the use of exponent of wavelet transform (EWT) coefficients as a sparse representation which is combined with the iterative shrinkage/threshold algorithm (ISTA) for the reconstruction of compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, random shifting (RS) is employed to guarantee the translation invariance property of discrete wavelet transform. The proposed method is termed the exponential wavelet iterative shrinkage/threshold algorithm with random shifting (EWISTARS), which takes advantages of the sparse representation of EWT, the simplicity of ISTA, and the translation invariance of RS. Simulation results on brain, vertebrae, and knee MR images demonstrate that EWISTARS is superior to existing algorithms with regard to reconstruction quality and computation time. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A review of ferroresonance in capacitive voltage transformer
Authors: Abu Bakar Ab Halim , Khan Shakil Ahamed , Kwang Tan Chia , Rahim Nasrudin Abd.
Published: December 2014

Ferroresonance incidences in electrical power system have been commonly regarded as unexplained phenomenon, which is not critical for utility engineers. As a result, research conducted in this area is limited and the awareness on ferroresonance is relatively low among utility engineers. However, as the electrical system evolves, its complexity increases in line with the increasing risk of ferroresonance. As a result, this paper provides a consolidated review on the research conducted on ferroresonance to highlight its importance. This paper covers the fundamental inductor–capacitor pair for ferroresonance initiation and the modes of ferroresonance, followed by ferroresonance in capacitive voltage transformer (CVT), constituting its impact, initiation, and suppression techniques. The core focus in this paper is ferroresonance in CVT due to switching events, on which the documented literature is very scarce. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
“You Just Gotta Do It, 'Cause Those are Your Kids”: Survival Parenting and Rural Homelessness
Authors: Hilton Timothy P. , Trella Deanna L.
Published: December 2014

This research identifies patterns related to parents' struggles to meet their children's needs while homeless in a rural area. Using grounded theory and drawing on recordings of semi‐structured interviews with 53 homeless parents in Michigan's Upper Peninsula (U.P.) we introduce the concept of survival parenting to describe parents' survival‐related efforts, associated stress, and methods of coping with this stress. Survival parenting and the use of coping mechanisms are examined in the broader familial context. Policy and service implications are also presented.
Impact of implementation factors on children's water consumption in the Out‐of‐School Nutrition and Physical Activity group‐randomized trial
Authors: Lee Rebekka M. , Okechukwu Cassandra , Emmons Karen M. , Gortmaker Steven L.
Published: December 2014

National data suggest that children are not consuming enough water. Experimental evidence has linked increased water consumption to obesity prevention, and the National AfterSchool Association has named serving water as ones of its standards for healthy eating and physical activity in out‐of‐school time settings. From fall 2010 to spring 2011, twenty Boston afterschool program sites participated in the Out‐of‐School Nutrition and Physical Activity (OSNAP) initiative, a group‐randomized trial investigating nutrition and physical activity policies and practices that promote child health. Researchers used data from OSNAP to study the key factors that influence the implementation of practices that promote water intake. Aspects of the organizational capacity of the afterschool programs, characteristics of the providers, and the community context were hypothesized to impact changes in children's water consumption. This chapter demonstrates the effectiveness of an afterschool intervention on increases in children's water consumption. It also outlines the substantial influence that implementation factors can have on the effectiveness of an obesity prevention intervention, highlighting the importance of understanding how interventions are delivered in real‐world settings.
Stabilization of a Snub Bisphenoidal Environment of Strontium in Bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole]strontium Bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolate] by Strong Hydrogen Bridges
Authors: Schowtka Björn , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: December 2014

Metalation of 3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole (1) with [(thf)2Sr{N(SiMe3)2}2] in toluene and recrystallization from tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether yields ether‐free bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐pyrazole]strontium bis[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)pyrazolate] (2). This complex contains an octa‐coordinate central strontium atom in a snub bisphenoidal coordination sphere. Intramolecular N···H···N hydrogen bridges between pyrazolyl groups stabilize the large coordination number of the alkaline earth metal. Short N···N contacts of 272.5 and 274.5 pm verify the existence of strong hydrogen bridges; the chemical shift of δ = 19.7 for these protons underlines their extremely acidic character.
On the Structure and Stability of BaAl4‐Type Ordered Derivatives in the Sr–Au–Sn System for the 600 °C Section
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Zhang Yuemei , Taufour Valentin , Lamichhane Tej Nath , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C. , Dennis Kevin , Miller Gordon
Published: December 2014

The well‐known BaAl4‐type structure consists of three ordered ternary derivatives, i.e., BaNiSn3‐ (I4mm), ThCr2Si2‐ (I4/mmm), and CaBe2Ge2‐type (P4/nmm). Few systems, such as Ba‐Au‐Sn, have been confirmed to manifest all three types as a function of valence electron count. In this work, the SrAuxSn4–x solid solution at the 600 °C section was studied thoroughly using both single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structures and phase width for the CaBe2Ge2‐type SrAuxSn4–x solid solution were established to be a = 4.6528(2)–4.6233(3) Å and c = 11.3753(4)–11.2945(10) Å for x ≈ 1.65(1)–2.19(1). In the structure of SrAu2Sn2, no Au/Sn mixing was found, but for x < 2 compositions, Au/Sn mixings were only located at the Wyckoff 2a (¾ ¼ 0) site and for x > 2 compositions, at the 2b (¾ ¼ ½) site. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicated that no phase transition occurred for the CaBe2Ge2‐type SrAuxSn4–x phase up to 950 °C. Attempts to synthesize the ThCr2Si2‐ and BaNiSn3‐type SrAuxSn4–x phases under the same reaction conditions were unsuccessful, and the BaNiSn3‐type phase could not be attained even at a pressure of 3 GPa. The instability of a BaNiSn3‐type “SrAuSn3” was investigated by both DSC measurements and first principles electronic structure calculations.
Implementing an Enhanced Recovery Program After Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Elderly Patients: Is It Feasible?
Authors: Coolsen Mariëlle M. E. , Bakens Maikel , van Dam Ronald M. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Dejong Cornelis H. C.
Published: December 2014

Background

An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program aims to reduce the stress response to surgery and thereby accelerate recovery. It is unclear whether these programs can be safely implemented for elderly patients, especially in highly complex surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of an ERAS program in elderly patients undergoing PD.

Methods

Implementation of the ERAS protocol was studied prospectively in a consecutive series of patients undergoing PD between January 2009 and August 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: ≤65 years and ≥70 years. Endpoints were length of stay (LOS), readmissions, morbidity, mortality, and compliance with ERAS targets.

Results

Of a total of 110 patients, 55 were ≤65 years (median 57) and 55 ≥ 70 years (median 77). Median LOS was 14 days in both groups. In patients without complications median LOS was 9 days. Both mortality and readmissions did not differ between groups (mortality n = 3 (5.5 %) in younger versus n = 6 (10.9 %) in older patients, p = 0.49, readmissions: n = 11 (20 %) versus n = 7 (12.7 %), p = 0.44). CT‐drainage and relaparotomy‐rates were not different between groups, nor was overall morbidity (n = 31 (56.3 %) in the older versus n = 35 (63.3 %) in the younger group, p = 0.44). There were no differences in compliance with elements of the ERAS protocol between groups.

Conclusion

An ERAS program seems feasible and safe for patients ≥70 years of age undergoing PD.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce zeaxanthin
Authors: Li Xi-Ran , Tian Gui-Qiao , Shen Hong-Jie , Liu Jian-Zhong
Published: December 2014

Zeaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid that is used in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and animal feed industries. Zeaxanthin is chemically synthesized or purified from microorganisms as a natural product; however, increasing demand requires development of alternative sources such as heterologous biosynthesis by recombinant bacteria. For this purpose, we molecularly engineered Escherichia coli to optimize the synthesis of zeaxanthin from lycopene using fusion protein-mediated substrate channeling as well as by the introduction of tunable intergenic regions. The tunable intergenic regions approach was more efficient compared with protein fusion for coordinating expression of lycopene β-cyclase gene crtY and β-carotene 3-hydroxylase gene crtZ. The influence of the substrate channeling effect suggests that the reaction catalyzed by CrtZ is the rate-limiting step in zeaxanthin biosynthesis. Then Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea agglomerans and Haematococcus pluvialis crtZ were compared. Because P. ananatis crtZ is superior to that of P. agglomerans or H. pluvialis for zeaxanthin production, we used it to generate a recombinant strain of E. coli BETA-1 containing pZSPBA-2(P37-crtZPAN) that produced higher amounts of zeaxanthin (11.95 ± 0.21 mg/g dry cell weight) than other engineered E. coli strains described in the literature.
Construction and validation of a mCherry protein vector for promoter analysis in Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Mohedano M Luz , García-Cayuela Tomás , Pérez-Ramos Adrián , Gaiser Rogier A , Requena Teresa , López Paloma
Published: December 2014

Lactobacilli are widespread in natural environments and are increasingly being investigated as potential health modulators. In this study, we have adapted the broad-host-range vector pNZ8048 to express the mCherry protein (pRCR) to expand the usage of the mCherry protein for analysis of gene expression in Lactobacillus. This vector is also able to replicate in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The usage of pRCR as a promoter probe was validated in Lactobacillus acidophilus by characterizing the regulation of lactacin B expression. The results show that the regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level, with lbaB gene expression being specifically induced by co-culture of the L. acidophilus bacteriocin producer and the S. thermophilus STY-31 inducer bacterium.
Lime application for the efficient production of nutraceutical glucooligosaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-742 (ATCC13146)
Authors: Moon Young Hwan , Madsen Lee , Chung Chang-Ho , Kim Doman , Day Donal F
Published: December 2014

We have previously demonstrated the production of glucooligosaccharides via a fermentation of sucrose with Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-742 using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to control the pH. Because NaOH is expensive, we sought to minimize the cost of our process by substituting hydrated lime and saccharate of lime (lime sucrate) in its place. The yield of glucooligosaccharides using either 5 % lime (41.4 ± 0.5 g/100 g) or 5 % lime sucrate (40.0 ± 1.4 g/100 g) were both similar to the NaOH control (42.4 ± 1.5 g/100 g). Based on this, it appears that the cost associated with pH control in our process can be reduced by a factor of approximately 2.4 using lime instead of NaOH. Because our chromatographic stage is based on a Ca2+-form resin to separate glucooligosaccharides, the use of lime not only negates the need for costly de-salting via ion-exchange (elimination of two ion-exchange sections) prior to separation, but also greatly reduces the resin regeneration cost.
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biomarker evaluation of transforming growth factor-β receptor I kinase inhibitor, galunisertib, in phase 1 study in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Rodón Jordi , Carducci Michael , Sepulveda-Sánchez Juan M. , Azaro Analía , Calvo Emiliano , Seoane Joan , Braña Irene , Sicart Elisabet , Gueorguieva Ivelina , Cleverly Ann , Pillay N. Sokalingum , Desaiah Durisala , Estrem Shawn T. , Paz-Ares Luis , Holdhoff Matthias , Blakeley Jaishri , Lahn Michael M. , Baselga Jose
Published: December 2014

Purpose Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors, including malignant glioma. Small molecule inhibitors (SMI) blocking TGF-β signaling reverse EMT and arrest tumor progression. Several SMIs were developed, but currently only LY2157299 monohydrate (galunisertib) was advanced to clinical investigation. Design The first-in-human dose study had three parts (Part A, dose escalation, n = 39; Part B, safety combination with lomustine, n = 26; Part C, relative bioavailability study, n = 14). Results A preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model predicted a therapeutic window up to 300 mg/day and was confirmed in Part A after continuous PK/PD. PK was not affected by co-medications such as enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs or proton pump inhibitors. Changes in pSMAD2 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were associated with exposure indicating target-related pharmacological activity of galunisertib. Twelve (12/79; 15 %) patients with refractory/relapsed malignant glioma had durable stable disease (SD) for 6 or more cycles, partial responses (PR), or complete responses (CR). These patients with clinical benefit had high plasma baseline levels of MDC/CCL22 and low protein expression of pSMAD2 in their tumors. Of the 5 patients with IDH1/2 mutation, 4 patients had a clinical benefit as defined by CR/PR and SD ≥6 cycles. Galunisertib had a favorable toxicity profile and no cardiac adverse events. Conclusion Based on the PK, PD, and biomarker evaluations, the intermittent administration of galunisertib at 300 mg/day is safe for future clinical investigation.
Effects of canopy phenology on deciduous overstory and evergreen understory carbon budgets in a cool‐temperate forest ecosystem under ongoing climate change
Authors: Saitoh Taku M. , Nagai Shin , Yoshino Jun , Kondo Hiroaki , Tamagawa Ichiro , Muraoka Hiroyuki
Published: December 2014

Canopy phenology is a key regulator of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. To clarify its possible effects on carbon budgets of forest ecosystems under ongoing climate change, we developed a canopy‐phenology model for a forest with deciduous overstory and evergreen understory based on in situ observations, and used it to improve an ecosystem carbon budget model. Under future conditions (2068–2073) based on the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, leaf expansion began 12.5 ± 1.9 days earlier and leaf‐fall ended 11.3 ± 2.7 days later than under current conditions (2002–2007). We also estimated the possible influence of altered light availability on understory vegetation. Even though the photosynthetically active period in the understory (i.e., from the end of spring snowmelt to the beginning of late‐autumn snow cover) expanded by 15.7 ± 15.7 days, the total downward photosynthetic photon flux density above this vegetation during the snow‐free period decreased by 11.8 % because of changing overstory canopy phenology. The net effect of these changes increased ecosystem‐level annual gross primary production (GPP) by 12.5 %, net primary production (NPP) by 12.0 %, and net ecosystem production by 12.1 %, especially in late spring (when the highest solar radiation occurred). The increased GPP and NPP were mostly attributable to changes in overstory vegetation. Our analysis indicates that understanding the temporal variation of canopy phenology dynamics and snow cover is important and that the effects of vegetation phenology on the carbon cycle should be evaluated in future climate change studies.
Surgical Site Infection Surveillance Following Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Huang Susan S. , Berríos-Torres Sandra I. , Kaganov Rebecca , Bruce Christina , Lankiewicz Julie , Platt Richard , Yokoe Deborah S.
Published: December 2014

We assessed 4045 ambulatory surgery patients for surgical site infection (SSI) using claims-based triggers for medical chart review. Of 98 patients flagged by codes suggestive of SSI, 35 had confirmed SSIs. SSI rates ranged from 0 to 3.2% for common procedures. Claims may be useful for SSI surveillance following ambulatory surgery.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–4
Pseudo-outbreak ofMycobacterium gordonaeFollowing the Opening of a Newly Constructed Hospital at a Chicago Medical Center
Authors: Prabaker Kavitha , Muthiah Chethra , Hayden Mary K. , Weinstein Robert A. , Cheerala Jyothirmai , L. Scorza Mary , Segreti John , Lavin Mary A. , Schmitt Barbara A. , Welbel Sharon F. , Beavis Kathleen G. , Trenholme Gordon M.
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

To identify the source of a pseudo-outbreak ofMycobacterium gordonae

DESIGN

Outbreak investigation.

SETTING

University Hospital in Chicago, Ilinois.

PATIENTS

Hospital patients withM. gordonae-positive clinical cultures.

METHODS

An increase in isolation ofM. gordonaefrom clinical cultures was noted immediately following the opening of a newly constructed hospital in January 2012. We reviewed medical records of patients withM. gordonae-positive cultures collected between January and December 2012 and cultured potable water specimens in new and old hospitals quantitatively for mycobacteria.

RESULTS

Of 30 patients withM. gordonae-positive clinical cultures, 25 (83.3%) were housed in the new hospital; of 35 positive specimens (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric aspirate), 32 (91.4%) had potential for water contamination.M. gordonaewas more common in water collected from the new vs. the old hospital [147 of 157 (93.6%) vs. 91 of 113 (80.5%),P=.001]. Median concentration ofM. gordonaewas higher in the samples from the new vs. the old hospital (208 vs. 48 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL;P<.001). Prevalence and concentration ofM. gordonaewere lower in water samples from ice and water dispensers [13 of 28 (46.4%) and 0 CFU/mL] compared with water samples from patient rooms and common areas [225 of 242 (93%) and 146 CFU/mL,P<.001].

CONCLUSIONS

M. gordonaewas common in potable water. The pseudo-outbreak ofM. gordonaewas likely due to increased concentrations ofM. gordonaein the potable water supply of the new hospital. A silver ion-impregnated 0.5-μm filter may have been responsible for lower concentrations ofM. gordonaeidentified in ice/water dispenser samples. Hospitals should anticipate that construction activities may amplify the presence of waterborne nontuberculous mycobacterial contaminants.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–6