bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Plugging Technology to Fire Prevention of Mining without Coal Pillar
Authors: Jia Bao Shan , Yin Bin , Pi Zi Kun , Wen Hai Yan
Published: June 2012

The technology of mining without coal pillar is popular in many mine, though it can improve the recovery rate, it aggravate the air leakage of gob. Because of the ignorance about oxidation in gob, so it is very difficult to know the true value. When we make the test, we find computer can do it that simulation is consistent with reality overall. The article simulate the velocity field and oxygen concentration by finite element method, so divide the ‘three zones’ of gob and analysis the differences before and after plugging, we can see the huge impact of air leakage. So if we want to prevent the Spontaneous Combustion in mining without coal pillar, it is necessary to use the plugging technology.
Experimental Study of Separating and Purifying Methane in Coal-Bed Gas
Authors: Wang Kai Quan , Le Lin
Published: June 2012

By using of concentration sensors on the premixed tower, the stratification phenomenon of methane has been observed; the change rule of methane concentration at different heights of premixed tower has been analyzed. The results show that, the relation between the time that methane concentration began to be stable and the height of methane in premixed tower shows linear function: T=T0+Ah; the relation between the stable methane concentration and the height of methane in premixed tower shows exponential function: C=C0(1-eAh) .Based on this, a simple, economic and safe method of separating and purifying methane in coal-bed gas has been proposed.
Fractal Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Radon Exhalation Rates of Uranium Mill Tailings
Authors: Xie Yan Shi , Tan Kai Xuan , Chen Liang , Hu Kai Guang , Wang Zheng Qing , Wang Xiu Cai
Published: June 2012

A uranium mill tailings, located in Guangdong, was selected for spatial distribution of the radon exhalation rates measured by local static method. The two-dimension surface of radon exhalation rates was established by Surfer using the data of spatial distribution of radon exhalation rates measured at August 14, 2007 to 19 and 21, which was analyzed by fractal method of projective covering. The results show that the two-dimension surface of radon exhalation rates is of fractal structure. The fractal dimension of surface of radon exhalation rates from August 14, 2007 to 19 and 21 are 2.0535, 2.0173, 2.0029, 2.0084, 2.0079, 2.0057 and 2.0034, respectively, which indicates that the complexity of spatial distribution of the radon exhalation rates at 14 and 15 are larger than that of the other days. The phenomenon results from the change of precipitation and temperature, as well as the features of uranium mill tailings, including mineral composition, particle size, radium content, porosity and pore connectivity, etc.
Geo-Stress Measurement and Characteristics Analysis of Xieqiao Coal Mine
Authors: Zhang Wen Qing , Zhang Shu Chuan , Liu Ji Xiang
Published: June 2012

Geo-stress is very important parameters for the design and construction in many underground excavations. The geo-stress of Xieqiao coal mine of Huainan Coal Mining Group is measured by bore-hole stress gauge. The characteristics of stress distribution are discussed. The results show that, in this mine the horizontal stress is in the dominating position and it is bigger than vertical stress.
Study on the Relationship between Hongmiao Mine Gas Emission and Atmospheric Pressure Change on
Authors: Zhou Xi Hua , Zhao Jian Yuan , Xu Xian Wei
Published: June 2012

Atmospheric pressure changes on the fully mechanized top-coal caving has very significant effect to gas emission produce, through discussion to the mine gas emission source,and analysis the actual measured data.Get the result:with the rise of the ground atmospheric pressure ,the mine gas emission is absolutely reduced,and gas changes in return flow is after atmospheric pressure changes 0.5-1h later. Summarized measures to the gas emission suddenly increased.To the coal mine has guiding significance for production safety.
Test Study of Recycling Remnant Uranium Ore Resources by Stope Leaching Technology
Authors: Wei Huang , Chen Liang , Xie Yan Shi , Wang Zheng Qing , Wang Xiao Bo
Published: June 2012

Large number of valuable Uranium resources has been transformed to remnant ore, due to mining conditions of the deposit can not be recycled in the process of development and utilization. Such as reservation pillar in conventional mining, low-grade and residual ore bodies, remote and lonely ore bodies and so on. In order to exploratory research relevant technical problems of remnant Uranium ore resources recycled by stope leaching technique, experimental study were carried out in a Uranium mine. According to the remnant ore body occurrence conditions and make full use of the original sinking and driving engineering, adopting special stacking by blasting methods and reasonable lixiviant distribution and lixivium collecting technology, the remnant uranium ore resources recycling technology problems were solved by a small project investment. After 10 months of solution leaching, leaching of metal 5.18t, leaching rate up to 65.57%, the tons of metal cost for its existing mining cost 2 / 3.The stope leaching technology in remnant ore resource recycling is more perfect, expand the scope of application of the technology.
Weighted Grey Relation Evaluation Model on Colliery Safety Factors
Authors: Gao Tian Bao , Shi Wen Li , Li Teng
Published: June 2012

Aiming at the shortage of existing grey relation model, the colliery safety factor evaluation index system is built with the weighted grey relation evaluation model which combines the subjective weighting process and the objective weighting process. The analysis conclusions of the four collieries of Zao Zhuang Coal Mining Co. Ltd show that the evaluation of colliery safety factors based on the weighted grey relation evaluation can make a good division and evaluation for various colliery safety factors, and also eliminate the gray characteristics the colliery safety system owns effectively, thus it can keep evaluation results objective and reasonable.
A Parking Demand Forecasting Method for Urban Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub Oriented High-Speed Rail
Authors: Shen Rui Guang , Pei Yu Long
Published: June 2012

Although traffic development brings convenience to citizen, problems such as parking, traffic transferring, caused by passenger transport hub have aroused extensive attention from society. Based on teasing parking demand hierarchy and willingness choice, concept of expected utility is introduced to uncover logical relationship among transport hub, influence factors, and parking demand. Data about parking facilities and their characteristics, parker desire, characterization parameters related with hub, are surveyed and collected to analyze and confirm the key influence factors on the basis of urban comprehensive passenger transport hub oriented high-speed rail, for setting up the relation model between parking demand at synthesis passenger hub and its impact factors, which is used to propose the forecasting method of parking demand at the comprehensive passenger transport hub oriented high-speed rail.
A Research on Port Tug Dynamic Scheduling Model and Algorithm
Authors: Chang Dao Fang , Hu Xiao Na , Bian Zhi Cheng
Published: June 2012

The tug scheduling solution quality directly relates to the fluent degree, based on the analysis of dynamic scheduling business management, the basis of ship waiting time and tug minimum sum overflow horsepower as optimal objective function, establishing the tug dynamic scheduling optimization model. Through introducing the entropy function and the elite, improve the basic particle swarm algorithm, avoid algorithm process into local optimal solution and the port optimization model of the dynamic dispatching management process is also given in this paper. Finally, in a specific case tug scheduling, gives optimal scheduling schemes, and verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm and convergence.
The Petroleum System of Northern Kashi Sag in Tarim Basin and Exploration Direction
Authors: Hu Yu Zhao , Zhao Pei Rong , Lv Yu Hui
Published: June 2012

Northern Kashi Sag is located on the northwestern periphery of Tarim Basin, China. This block has been explored for a half century, and Akmomu gas reservoir was discovered in 2001. In Northern Kashi Sag, organic-rich intervals mainly occur in Carboniferous, Lower Permian and Jurassic. Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Formation(K1kz) is dominated by braid river succession and is best in big thickness of 385-862m，high porosity of 14.90% and high permeability of 207.00 ×10-3μm2. The first grade cap rocks are gypsolyte and mud-gypsolyte in upper Cretaceous and Paleogene with thickness of 100-200m. Two Petroleum Systems are identified, and one is J2y-N1p, Yangye Formation (J2y) serves as source rock, and Neogene Pakabulake(N1p) as reservoir rock. Another is C1+P1by-K1kz petroleum system, Lower Carboniferous and Lower Permian Biyoulieti Formation( P1by) serve as source rock, and Kezilesu Formation (K1kz) as reservoir rock. J2y-N1p petroleum system contains abundant oil sand resource. In 2001,Akmomu gas reservoir was discovered by AK＃1 in C1+P1by-K1kz petroleum system.
A Research on Coal Washing Water Treatment with Keratin Additives
Authors: Chen Bi , Tang Zhong Jiang
Published: June 2012

Through adding keratin additives to coal washing water with SS removal rate as an index, this paper draws a conclusion that the best operation conditions of treatment are: adding feather keratin flocculation additives by 2 g / L to the wastewater of pH value 5～7, treating it at 20～30°C for 30 minutes. The SS removal rate is over 98%，meanwhile COD removal rate can reach 34% under the conditions.
Efficient Utilization of Copper Sulfide Ore in Chile by Flotation
Authors: Deng Jiu Shuai , Wen Shu Ming , Xian Yong Jun , Bai Shao Jun , Liu Dan , Shen Hai Ying
Published: June 2012

The valuable minerals of a copper sulfide ore in Chile, mainly consist of chalcopyrite and chalcocite as well as contain small amounts of cuprite. Gangue minerals are mainly chlorite, quartz, calcite, arsenopyrite, etc. Most are coarse-grained disseminated minerals, while some are fine-grained disseminated minerals. Flotation has been used for processing these ores. The grinding fineness, lime dosage, collector type and dosage all have influences on flotation results. In the present work, the best condition of grinding fineness, lime, and collector dosage was used to separate the copper sulfide and other minerals in the ores. The results showed that, in the grinding fineness of −74 μm accounting for 80%, the vast majority of copper minerals were to monomer dissociation. The flowsheet of one stage roughing, two stage scavenging, and two stage cleaning was adopted. The ideal results of 27.58% and 96.89% for the copper concentrate grade and copper recovery, respectively, were obtained.
Polymeric Eutectic System
Authors: Tuntarawongsa S. , Phaechamud T.
Published: June 2012

The liquid eutectic system comprising 1:1 menthol:camphor was selected to use as solvent due to it was lowest viscosity. Both menthol and camphor used in this eutectic system have been reported for their many pharmaceutical used. Various polymers were tested for their solubility in this eutectic system. Eudragit® EPO showed the highest solubility. Eudragit® EPO was the one of biocompatible polymer which could dissolve in this eutectic system up to 40% w/w with no chemical interaction of each compound. Viscosity of this system showed the exponential curve as a function of polymer concentration but all concentration showed the newtonian rheology. The pH and surface tension were slightly affected by type and amount of polymers. The obtained polymeric eutectic mixture should control the drug release for pharmaceutical applications.
Theoretical Analysis of Chemisorption-Induced Surface Stress
Authors: Zhang Ji Qiao , Feng Xi Qiao , Huang Gan Yun , Yu Shou Wen
Published: June 2012

Atomic/molecular adsorption on a microcantilever surface can cause the cantilever to deflect as a result of the adsorption-induced surface stress. In this paper, based on atomic/molecular interactions, an energy-based model is proposed to calculate the chemisorption-induced surface stress. The connection between the chemisorption-induced surface stress and the covalent bond interactions is established. The results are consistent with relevant experimental observations. This study is helpful for characterizing and optimizing the mechanical response of cantilever-based sensors.
High Energy, High Efficiency Nd: Glass Regenerative Amplifier
Authors: Wang X.F. , Fan Z.W. , Yu J. , Shi Z.H. , Zhao T.Z. , Wang P.F. , Kang Z.J. , Lian F.Q. , Huang Y.T. , Tang X.X.
Published: June 2012

To obtain high energy, high efficiency Nd: glass preamplifier used in certain host device, a Nd:glass regenerative amplifier system has been designed. By adjusting the single pass gain and carefully optimizing the cavity mode, the small-scale self-focusing effect in the gain medium was effectively controlled. Maximum pulse energy of 21mJ, pulse width of 2.6ns was obtained at the repetition frequency of 1Hz, corresponding to a high optical to optical conversion efficiency of 11% and amplification ratio of 108. The pulse to pulse energy stability was < 2% rms during 2 h continous operation. The laser has a good beam quality of M2=1.5. The spectrum was measured to be at center wavelength of 1052.915nm.
Realization of the 3D Simulation Model of the Hui-Quan Substation
Authors: Liu Qiu Long , Hu Wu Sheng
Published: June 2012

3D (three-dimensional) laser scanning can be used to collect spatial location of points rapidly and abundantly, and obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the target surface, which provides new technical means for the rapid creation of three-dimensional image model of the object. A three-dimensional modeling study on spatial object was carried out using the spatial data captured via ground-based 3D laser scanner in the Hui-Quan substation. The experiment result shows that rapid 3D visualization modeling on buildings can be achieved via the methods and procedures mentioned above. It has solved that the traditional equipment and the measuring technique is insufficiency in the special domain. It will bring the application mode and technical advantage, which tradition mapping way can not have. A platform for three-dimensional model of the substation can be achieved for the resources, landscape, security, environmental management and other social resources of digital, networked and dynamic visualization.
Study on the Color Fastness to Light of the Natural Fiber Fabric
Authors: Ha Fei Fei , Shan Yu Fu , Zeng Hua
Published: June 2012

In order to understand the color fastness to light of the natural fiber materials, different kinds of natural fiber fabrics were tested for comparison. Based on the data obtained from the experiments, a conclusion was drawn that the degree of color fastness to light could be divided into different levels and there were many factors that can affect the color fastness to light, such as fiber materials, dye, color combinations, atmospheric compositions of surroundings, sample moisture content ratio, temperature and so on. This paper carries out the original methods including dyeing and exposing to light and it also provides some guides for the researches on color fastness of the natural fiber materials.
An Analytical Model for Field-Plate Optimization in High Electron Mobility Transistor
Authors: Luo Qian , Du Jiang Feng , Wang Xiang , Ning Ning , Liu Yang , Yu Qi
Published: June 2012

An analytical model for field-plate (FP) optimization in high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is reported. With the potential distribution in device’s channel being modeled in terms of physical parameters, the two critical parameters of FP, i.e., the insulator thickness and the FP length, are optimized respectively. Using the model, the optimization of the FP structure in a typical undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMT is described in detail.
Risk Management of Building Engineering Based on SVM
Authors: Liu Qing Jie , Su Qi Li
Published: June 2012

As the rapid development of China’s national economy, China’s construction industry shows a rapid growth. Because construct project has the feature of large investment and long construction time, there are many unforeseen factors in the construction process. The project participants may face many risks. This paper firstly analyses risk factors of construction project, secondly describes the mathematical models—SVM, and then on the basis of the method builds the model of construction project risk prediction. Lastly it uses example to prove the feasibility of the model, and it also provides an effective method for the construction project risk management.
Study on the Evaluation of Dairy Products Quality Properties Based on the Electronic Tongue
Authors: Zhang Hao Yu , Zhang Ke
Published: June 2012

Applying instruments for rapid evaluation on dairy products quality are always the research focus of dairy products properties. Five brands of UHT sterilized milk and two brands of pasteurized milk were analyzed for the evaluation of quality properties by the electronic tongue. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) was used for data processing, the experiment showed that electronic tongue could discriminate not only between UHT sterilized milk and pasteurized milk, but also different brands of UHT sterilized milk or pasteurized milk. The application of electronic tongue in pasteurized milk products showed the similar results, too. As a kind of modern intelligent sensory instrument, the electronic tongue shows great potential in the evaluation of quality for dairy products.
CO2 and H2O Capture from High Humidity Flue Gas by Single Multi-Layer Vacuum Swing Adsorption Unit
Authors: Xu Dong , Guo Hua , Liu Han Qiang , Zhang Jun , Xiao Penny
Published: June 2012

The working capacity of 13X zeolite was considerably reduced when feeding a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) carbon capture process with a high (~10%) water humidity level gas stream. To effectively tackle the water issues in real flue gas and keep the capital costs at a economical level without adding any pre-drying equipment, multiple-layer VSA technology was investigated in this study. Three configurations of multi-layer experiments were designed and conducted: double layers with 13X and Sorbead, triple layers with LiX zeolite +13X+Sorbead and triple layers with 13X+Sorbead+ACF. Experimental results showed that the water front was successfully contained within the pre-layers at cyclic steady states. More importantly, our one-bed systematic cyclic experiments could concentrate CO2 from 12% to 61% with a CO2 recovery of 77% under the double-layer configuration. Meanwhile, as a comparison, the LiX triple-layer experiment yielded a good CO2 recovery of 81% and productivity of 0.0132 mol/(kg•h) under the same operational condition as double layers. The ACF triple-layer experiments illustrated that the water front was retained better than the double layer case due to the larger water adsorption capacity of ACF though a higher pressure drop was observed as result of tight packing.
Study on the Degradation of Plasticizer Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Yang Yang , Lin Zhi Wen
Published: June 2012

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most common plasticizers, it have a wide variety of industrial, agricultural and domestic applications. The degradation characteristics of DEHP in water by the advanced oxidation process O3, UV and UV/O3 were respectively studied. The effects of ozone concentration, DEHP concentration and pH on the removal rate of DEHP were investigated. The experimental results showed that UV was not able to remove DEHP significantly. However, O3 or the combination of O3 with UV could degrade DEHP effectively. Both the increase in the O3 concentration and the initial pH value of the system benefited the DEHP removal.
Study on Compositions in Aqueous Phase of Hollow Fiber Composite Nanofiltration Membrane
Authors: Wen Lei , Wang Wei
Published: June 2012

Hollow fiber composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization method, with polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane as base membrane, piperazine (PIP) as the aqueous phase monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as the organic phase monomer. The effects of aqueous phase composition on composite NF were discussed. The experimental results show that the optimum compositions in aqueous phase: 1wt% PIP, 0.05wt% MPDA, 1wt% TEA, 3wt% sulfamic acid. The best rejection to MgSO4 was 94.7%, and water ﬂux was 66.1L•m-2•h-1.
Mixture Normal Distribution for Gibbs Sampler and its Application in the Surface of Single Crystal
Authors: Shao Wei , Zhao Guo Qing , Gai Yu Jie
Published: June 2012

Gibbs sampler is widely used in Bayesian analysis. But it is often difficult to sample from the full conditional distribution, and this hardly weakens the efficiency of Gibbs sampler. In this paper, we propose to use mixture normal distribution for Gibbs sampler. The mixture normal distribution can approximate the target distribution. So carrying more information from target distribution, the mixture normal distribution tremendously improves the efficiency of Gibbs sampler. Further more, combining with mixture normal method, Hit-and-Run algorithm can also get more efficient sampling results. Simulation results show that Gibbs sampler with mixture normal distribution outperforms other sampling algorithms. The Gibbs sampler with mixture normal distribution can also be applied to explorer the surface of single crystal.
An Identification Method of Physical Parameters for nR Serial Robots
Authors: Song Ling Ling
Published: June 2012

The identification of physical parameters for manipulators is critical to the control precision of robots. Almost all the existing theories and methods are indirect solutions based on iteration techniques. Most of these algorithms are difficultly adopted in real engineering due to un-reachable or low precision measurement in Cartesian coordinate space of robots. An identification approach of physical parameters for nR serial robots is presented with its detailed process. The approach decreases the accumulated errors owing to the separately measure of each axis. At same time, the values of joint variables are accurately captured while physical parameters are gotten, and these values are significant to increase the precision of HOME position of robots. In addition, not only this approach can be used in D-H model but also it can be applied to modified D-H model without any changes of other steps of the process except the changes of Eq.1 to 7. Tested cased have identification performance of the proposed method satisfies engineering requirements of robot control.
Induced Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by Chitosan for Enamel Remineralization
Authors: Tian Kun , Peng Min , Fei Wei , Liao Chu Hang , Ren Xiao Hua
Published: June 2012

The formation of organized nanocrystals that resemble tooth-like hydroxyapatite is crucial for successful enamel remineralization. Based on the principles of biomineralization , spindle - shaped hydroxyapatites (HA) were synthesized through biomimetic method with chitosan as template under a controllable way in vitro. We observed that hydroxyapatite nanorods can be controlled followed by in situ crosslinking process and triggered by conditions of pH and ionic strength. The dentinal tubule were blocked by neonatal hydroxyapatite layer and this composite a continuous structure of columns crystal with size of 10-40nm. At the same time, XRD showed that the precipitation was calcium fluoride phosphate and Ca:P was 1.6. Furthermore, there were column crystal with parallel direction inside, as same as the crystal array in the top of enamel rod. The results suggest that chitosan monolayer may be useful in the modulation of mineral behavior during in situ dental tissue engineering.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO2/Graphene Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Wang Zong Hua , Zhu Fu Qiang , Xia Jan Fei , Zhang Fei Fei , Xia Yan Zhi , Li Yan Hui
Published: June 2012

Zirconia/graphene (ZrO2/graphene) nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized by a simple method. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, power X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. It was found that tetragonal ZrO2was uniformly deposited on graphene, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional nanocomposite, it showed a high surface area of 165 m2/g.
Mode-Locking Phenomenon of an Intracavity SrWO4 Raman Laser Pumped by a Passively Q-Switched Ceramic Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Zhang Yuan Geng , Zhang Xing Yu , Wang Qing Pu , Li Lei
Published: June 2012

The mode-locking phenomenon of a passively Q-switched Raman laser with a ceramic Nd:YAG as the gain medium, an SrWO4 crystal as the Raman medium and a Cr4+:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber had been investigated. From the investigation, the author found that the study on Nd:YAG ceramic material will be helpful for the Laser Technology and Application.
One-Pot Synthesis of Water Soluble, Extremely Small-Sized Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Li Hua , Shang Ting , Zhou Jun , Wang Dong , Han Yu , Ren Lei
Published: June 2012

Extremely small-sized superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles of 3Cit). The resulting Cit-coated magnetite nanoparticles exhibited long-term colloidal stability in aqueous media without any surface modification. Regarding the magnetic properties, the nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature, and might be the potential candidate for MRI contrast agents.
In Vitro Evaluation of Folate-Targeted Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Hydroxycamptothecin
Authors: Chang Di , Hou Zhen Qing , Yang Xiang Rui
Published: June 2012

We prepared FA-targeted and 10-hydroxycamptothecin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (FA-HCPT-NPs) with a combination of emulsion-solvent evaporation and chemical crosslinking method. In vitro cytotoxicity test to the Human Cervix Carcinoma cells (HeLa) was evaluated by cell morphology and internalization observation. The specicity of the FA-HCPT-NPs targeting cancerous cells was demonstrated by comparative intracellular uptake of HCPT-NPs and commercial availible HCPT injection. Laser confocal scanning imaging proved that FA-HCPT-NPs could greatly enhance up-take by HeLa cells. The morphological changes of HeLa cells showed the FA-HCPT-NPs could inhibit HeLa cells more effectively than HCPT-NPs and HCPT. The results indicated that the novel FA-HCPT-NPs could be a potential drug delivery system for tumor cell-selective targeting therapy.
Dynamics of Biogas Fermentation for Industrial Waste and Hydrolysate of Corn Stover
Authors: Guo Xin Jiong , Wang Ping , Chen Hua Ya , Pan Jing , He Ying Long , Cao Chao , Chen Yang , Zhang Zeng Ming , Wu Jian
Published: June 2012

In order to fully utilize industrial waste and corn stover, the experiments were conducted using gulonic acid waste liquor and hydrolysate of corn stover as the methane fermentation raw materials. Real time CH4 and CO2 monitors were used to analyze the anaerobic digestion process. Different temperatures, nutrition and the rates of raw material supply were adopted to investigate the optimal methane fermentation condition. Experiment results showed that both gulonic acid waste liquor and hydrolysate of corn stover were easy to produce methane with as high as 800mL biogas per gram COD biogas yield and 77% methane content under an optimum condition. The potential inhibitor, Sulfate, in the hydrolysate corn stover showed no obvious inhibition at 0.3% level. The investigation also showed that high level of substrate would cause acid production and pH diminishing and finally result in CO2 increase and CH4 decrease. These phenomena indicate that methane production bacteria are the weak portion of the anaerobic digestion system.
Utilization of Waterworks Sludge in the Production of Fired/Unfired Water Permeable Bricks
Authors: Xie Min , Gao Dan , Liu Xiao Bo , Li Fang , Huang Cong
Published: June 2012

Waterworks sludge was used as raw material to make fired water permeable bricks (WPB) and unfired water permeable bricks (WPB). Results show that when 30% ~ 40% sludge was added with 30% ~ 35% ordinary sands ranging from 1.0 to 1.4mm and some other materials, pressed at 30 MPa and then sintered at 1150°C for 1h, the compressive strength (CS)and permeability coefficient (PC) of produced fired WPB were 36.53MPa and 1.08×10-2 cm/s respectively. When the ratio of waterworks sludge increased from 20% to 35%, the CS of the unfired WPB decreased but stayed above 20 MPa, while the change of PC is insignificant.
Effect of Sn and Si on the Synthesis of Ti3Al(Sn/Si)C2 by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Sintering
Authors: Mu Yun Chao , Liang Bao Yan , Guo Ji Feng
Published: June 2012

The Ti3AlC2 was synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature sintering (SHS) using 3Ti/Al/2C powders as raw materials. Si or Sn was added to the raw materials in order to improve the synthesis reaction of Ti3AlC2. The result showed that the majority compounds were Ti3AlC2 and TiC in the synthesized sample. The content of Ti3AlC2 in the sample was approximate 59%. Si or Sn additives improved the synthesis of Ti3AlC2 obviously and the effect of Si additive in the reaction was much better than that of Sn. For raw materials of 3Ti/Al/2C/0.3Si, the content of Ti3AlC2 in the sample reached the maximum value of 93%.
Antimicrobial Materials Derived from the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. of Eucommia ulmoides
Authors: Zhang Hong Chi , Ma Yang Min , Liu Rui
Published: June 2012

Within our screening program for antimicrobial materials, eight compounds (1-8) were isolated from an endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. of Eucommia ulmoides. Compound 1, 2, 5-8 were isolated for the first time from endophytic fungi. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis with the reported data in the literature. All compounds showed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities and can be use as new antimicrobial materials.
Studies on Effect Factors of Porous Titanium Dioxide Film Degrading Azo Dyes
Authors: Sun Sheng Min
Published: June 2012

In pure titanium body, through the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on the surface of porous titanium dioxide film and study on factors of methyl orange in the light influence of catalytic degradation process, the results show that: with uv light for the source, pH value of 5, micro-arc oxidation voltage is 400 V, the catalytic activity of porous titanium dioxide film was the highest.
Self-Assembled Hybrid Films of Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Rutin
Authors: Wang Zong Hua , Yao Shu Yan , Xia Jian Fei , Zhang Fei Fei , Guo Xin Mei , Xia Yan Zhi , Li Yan Hui
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Graphene/Carbon Nanotube hybrid films modified glassy carbon electrode (GN-CNT/GC) was fabricated as electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and rapid determination of rutin. The electrochemical behaviors of rutin at the GN-CNT/GC have been investigated. Rutin can generate a pair of well-defined redox peaks at the GN-CNT/GC located at 0.450 V (Epa) and 0.409 V (Epc). Compared with graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (GN/GC) and carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (CNT/GC), GN-CNT/GC showed a higher catalytic activity toward rutin. This result indicates that the GN-CNT hybrid films as a modifier strengthens the adsorption of rutin. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), different pulse voltammetry (DPV) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the electrochemical sensor and hybrid films. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current is linear to the rutin concentration over the range of 2.0×10-7-6.0×10-5 M and the detection limits were 1.0×10-7 M.
New Progress on Lead Selenide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Zhang Ya Hui , Cheng Xi , Wang Qing
Published: June 2012

Lead selenide has been the subject of considerable interest because of its potential applications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of lead selenide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared lead selenide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of lead selenide in this field also are analyzed.
Effect of Probiotic lactobacillus Strains on Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity from Fermented Goat Milk
Authors: Chen He , Ji Zhe , Shu Guo Wei , Xing Hong Ni
Published: June 2012

Goat milk was fermented by different strains of lactic acid bacterias in anaerobic tube, strains with high angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were screened from 28 probiotic Lactobacillus strains by the criteria of ACE inhibitory activity and pH. The results showed that 20 strains had ACE inhibitory activity and among them the activity of 4 strains were extremely high, they were Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosu and Lactobacillus helveticu. In vitro experiments, the ACE inhibitory activity of goat milk fermented by these 4 strains reached 95.92%, 84.61%, 82.79% and 78.57%, respectively. After incubation, pH of them were 6.17, 3.88, 5.24 and 3.71, respectively.
Antioxidant Activity of Acanthopanax senticosus Extract and Derivatives
Authors: Wang Bao Qing
Published: June 2012

Antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts from leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus, one of traditional Chinese medicine consumed in the eastnorth region of China, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, methanol extracts and derivative were superior to that of control with IC50 were 298.58, 360.16 and 142.21μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 305.37, 400.39 and 156.69μg/mL. It was concluded that Acanthopanax senticosus and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants.
Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment for the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wei Na
Published: June 2012

Anaerobic digestion is an economic and environmentally friendly technology for treating the biomass material-sewage sludge, but has some limitations, such as the low efficient biogass production. In this paper ultrasound was proposed as pre-treatment for effective sludge anaerobic digestion. Sludge anaerobic digestion experiments with ultrasonic pretreatment was investigated. It can be seen that this treatment effectively leaded to the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) and volatile fatty acids(VFA)concentration. High concentration of VFA leaded to a increase in biogas production. Besides, the SV of sludge was reduced and the settling characteristics of sludge was improved after ultrasonic pretreatment. It can be concluded that sludge anaerobic digestion with ultrasonic pretreatment is an effective method for biomass material transformation.
Liquid Crystalline Polyurethane Elastomers Containing Mesogenic Azobenzene Pendant Groups for Photomechanical Actuators
Authors: Yu Lin Juan , Peng Ren Gui , Wang Yuan Zhen , Liu Yue E , Yang Ying Kui
Published: June 2012

A liquid crystalline polyurethane elastomer (LCPUE) film has been successfully fabricated by thermal polycondensation of azobenzene mesogenic monomer containing bishydroxyl groups with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate, linear poly(ethylene glycol) and star pentaerythritol ethoxylate as a cross-linker. The thermotropic film of LCPUE was found to show reversible photoisomerism behavior and could be bent towards the direction of UV-light irradiation. The mechanical force generated in the LCPUE film upon photoirradiation was calculated to be 260–285 kPa according to the dynamic mechanical analysis. Thus this material may promise potential applications in remote light-controlled actuators.
Fast Setting Calcium Phosphate-Chitosan Composites for Bone Substitute Materials
Authors: Liu Hua , Zhu Min Ying , Cheng Wen Jun
Published: June 2012

We developed a calcium phosphate cement that could be molded into any desired shape due to its chewing-gum-like consistency after mixing. The powder component of the cement consists of tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The liquid component consists of chitosan, citric acid and glucose solution. In this study, we used four groups of cement to investigate the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the new biomaterial in vivo. The setting times of the cements were 5-30 min. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the products were hydroxyapatite (HA) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. When the concentration of citric acid was increased, the compressive strength of specimen increased. The animal experiments showed that the material was nontoxic and osteoinductivity.
Effective Electro-Magnetic Parameters for Microwave Absorbing Ceramics
Authors: Zeng Zhao Yang , Lü Xu Liang , Wu Chao
Published: June 2012

Microwave diffraction behavior of microwave absorbing ceramics was investigated by numerical calculation, and effective electro-magnetic parameters of the ceramics was obtained by comparing the diffraction behavior with that of homogeneous material. Then, the calculated results were compared with the results of effective medium models, aiming to investigate the applicability of these models. The obvious difference between these results were pointed out, also discussed is the possible reason for this difference.
Antimony Doping Effect on Barium Strontium Titanate
Authors: Ge Gui Bin , Zhuang Jian Yong , Zhang Fan , Chen Yi Ling , Umeda Y. , Huang Jin Tao
Published: June 2012

Doping effect of Sb on Pb-free barium strontium titanate was investigated. The Sb doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 ceramics were prepared by solid reactions in 1473-1623 K by employing 0~1.2 wt% Sb2O5 as main additives. Density changes with sintering temperature were determined. The morphology and microstructure of the Sb doping samples were analyzed by SEM. The dielectric properties such as permittivity and dielectric loss were measured. It was found that addition of Sb benefited to low temperature high density sintering process. When the addition amount of Sb2O5 was about 0.6 wt%, the dielectric loss of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 was decreased from 1.9% to about 0.4% while the dielectric constant was kept over 2000. Possible mechanism of the improvement by Sb addition was discussed too.
Influence of ZnO and Nb2O5 Additions on Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Mg0.95Ca0.05 )TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Luo Chun Ya , Hu Ming Zhe , Huang Quian , Fu Yang , Gu Hao Shuang
Published: June 2012

The influence of ZnO and Nb2O5 additions on the sinterability, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.95Ca0.05)TiO3 (abbreviated as 95MCT hereafter) ceramic is investigated. XRD patterns indicate that MgTi2O5 secondary phase can be effectively suppressed by ZnO and Nb2O5 additions, which is beneficial for improving the microwave dielectric properties. Appropriate amount of Nb2O5 addition can effectively improve the Qf value of 95MCT ceramic, which is suggested to be ascribed to the reduced oxygen vacancies. When the ZnO: Nb2O5 mole ratio is 1.5 and the co-doping content is 0.25wt%, the optimal microwave dielectric properties can be obtained Qf=72730GHz(6.8GHz), εr=20.29 and τf=-6.84ppm/°C and the sintering temperature of 95MCT is lowered from 1400°C to 1320°C.
Effects of CuO Addition on the Microstructure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgTa2O6 Ceramics
Authors: Fu Bao Jian , Zhang Ying Chun , Su Xiao Li , Liu Yan Hong , Hong Ming
Published: June 2012

MgTa2O6 powders with the tetragonal phase have been synthesized by mixed oxide method at 1100 °C when the molar ratios of MgO and Ta2O5 increase from 1:1 to 1.2:1. The microwave dielectric properties of sintered MgTa2O6 ceramics without additives at 1400°C for 6h, which consists of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases have been investigated. The results show that the ceramic possesses a dielectric constant of 27.5, a high Q×f value of 156000 GHz and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 21.6 ppm/°C at 6-10 GHz. Different amounts of CuO has been used as sintering additives to lower the sintering temperature of MgTa2O6 ceramics. The effect of the CuO doping agent on the microstructure, densification and the microwave dielectric properties of MgTa2O6 ceramics has been studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and HP8720ES network analyzer. The results indicate that the 1-5 wt. % CuO dopant can lower the sintering temperatures of this materials dramatically. The second phase of CuTa2O6 was found in MgTa2O6 ceramics, which caused the deterioration of Q×f value of the ceramics.
Donor Solid Solubility and Microstructure of Nb-Doped TiO2 Ceramic Varistor
Authors: Jia Rui Jiao , Yan Ji Kang , Gan Guo You , Du Jing Hong , Yi Jian Hong
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and donor solid solubility of Nb-doped TiO2varistor ceramic is investigated. SEM and EDXS were carried out to study the microstructure and chemical compositions of TiO2grain. The results show that the TiO2sample sintered at 1350°C have better microstructure and properties. The grains size of the TiO2sample is about 15μm and solid solubility of donor Nb5+cation solute in TiO2grains is 1.49mol%.
Failure Behavior of PZT 95/5 under Direct Current, Pulsed Electric Field and Shock Compression
Authors: Zhang Fu Ping , Liu Gao Min , Du Jin Mei , Liu Yu Sheng , Liu Yi , He Hong Liang
Published: June 2012

Failure behavior of PZT 95/5 under direct current, pulsed electric field and shock compression is studied by experimental and theory analysis in this paper. The electrothermal coupled failure behavior is a key mode when the PZT 95/5 is subjected to direct current. But when the pulsed electric field is applied to the PZT 95/5, the resonance effect and the relation between energy and frequency have been considered, the vibrant energy shifts to high frequency and the possibility of electromechanical-coupled failure behavior is increased with decreasing the pulsed duration. When the pulsed duration is increased, the failure behavior transfers from mechanical coupled with electric failure to direct current mode step by step. The Failure behavior of PZT 95/5 under compression is complex that not only all of failure mechanism in static must be considered but also the microstructure’s evolvement under shock compression should be considered.
Design of the PTO/PZO Ferroelectric Superlattice Assembly
Authors: Hu Tuo , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Na
Published: June 2012

A series of ferroelectric superlattice films on ITO substrates have been artificially fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, starting from the PbZrO3 (PZO) and PbTiO3 (PTO) matrix targets. The design sequence of the layers has been changed via shifting sputtering target in the preparing processes. Diverse systems have been shaped and discussed by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis. UV-Vis absorption spectra have been paid more attention especially, due to the low-cost and non-destructive method to provide the information about the thicknesses of the films.
Influence of Lanthanum Concentration on Properties of BLT Electroceramics
Authors: Wodecka-Duś Beata , Lisińska-Czekaj Agata , Czekaj Dionizy
Published: June 2012

Results of fabrication and study of Ba1-xLaxTi1-x/4O3(BLT) ceramics for x within the range 0.001≤x≤0.004 is reported in the present paper. BLT ceramics has a structure based on ABO3–type perovskite, and its properties strongly depend on the chemical comSubscript textposition. The interrelated semiconductor and ferroelectric properties of La-doped BaTiO3ceramics were considered for describing its electrical properties. Dielectric properties were studied in frequency domain by impedance spectroscopy with a Quadtech 1920-type precision LCR meter at room temperature T=RT.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of CaBi2Nb2O9 with Eu Modification and Templated Grain Growth
Authors: Chen Huan Bei , Zhai Ji Wei
Published: June 2012

Calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi2Nb2O9, CBN) is a high Curie temperature (Tc) piezoelectric material, however, their piezoelectric properties are very poor. In order to improve the piezoelectric performance of CBN, the Eu modification and texture method (templated grain growth, TGG) were applied in this material system. The piezoelectric properties of CBN ceramics were significantly enhanced by Eu modification. The 5mol% Eu dopants in CBN ceramics have a higher piezoelectric constant and higher Tc (d33=12.8pC/N, Tc=945°C) than that of undoped CBN ceramics (d33=6.2pC/N, Tc=930°C). Highly textured 5mol% Eu doped CBN ceramics with 92% Lotgering factor were obtained by the TGG technique. The piezoelectric properties of textured and modified CBN ceramics are anisotropic on different directions of perpendicular (d33=0.1pC/N) and parallel (d33=20.5pC/N) to tape stacking direction. Furthermore, they had excellent thermostable piezoelectric properties from room temperature to near Curie temperature. The textured Eu modified CBN ceramics with high Tc and high piezoelectric properties might be a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.
Effects of Eu3+ Substitution on Nanosized Mn-Zn Ferrite Powders Synthesized by Combustion Processing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shi Ying , Zeng Xia , He Xi Yun
Published: June 2012

A series of Eu3+-substituted Mn 0.65 Zn 0.35 Fe 2-x EuxO4 ( x = 0.00-0.04) nanoscaled ferrites were synthesized by a citrate sol-gel combustion processing. The effects of Eu 3+ substitution on the crystalline formation, microstructure and magnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrite annealing at temperature from 500°C to 800°C were investigated. The results showed that the lattice parameter increased and it contributed to monophase spinel with the addition of Eu 3+ at x≤ 0.03. The remanence and coercive field increased with Eu 3+ substitution but it changed slightly in saturation magnetization when annealing ferrite powders at 700°C.
The Experimental Study of the Magnetic Fluid Damper Based on the Principle of Second-Order Buoyancy
Authors: Ding Yi , Li De Cai , Wang Qing Lei , Zhang Hai Na , Zhang Zhi Li
Published: June 2012

Two different structure of dampers based on the principle of second-order buoyancy were designed in this paper. In order to verify the reduction of the vibration, a test rig was set up. On the test rig, the reduction effect of two different dampers was studied by adjusting the amount of the magnetic fluid. The experiment results indicate the relationship between the damping effect of magnetic fluid damper and the amount of magnetic fluid and this analysis result is benefit to the design of the dampers.
Study on the Structure of the Magnetic Fluid Damper
Authors: Yao Jie , Li De Cai , Zhang Zhi Li , Zhang Jun Hui
Published: June 2012

Magnetic fluid damper is a kind of shock absorber which based on the principle of second-order buoyancy of magnetic fluid. In this paper, the structure of magnetic fluid damper is analyzed firstly, and then a variety of structural parameters on the damping effect are tested. Focusing on the different gasket angles in the damper, we found that gasket angles play a key role in the damper to influence on the damping effect. A corresponding model is put forward to analyze the inherent reasons.