bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulinotropic effect of Teucrium polium; Identification of potential mechanistic drug targets
Authors:   Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Mannan Adnan , Helmerhorst Erik ,   Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Carlessi Rodrigo ,   Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Caccetta Rima ,   Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Published: March 2024

Teucrium polium (T. polium), commonly known as golden germander, is a herb that grows in the Mediterranean region and is used by the locals to treat diabetes mellitus. The glucose-lowering effect of T. polium is well established in rodents. This study aims to examine whether the glucose-lowering effect is by inducing the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells and to identify key measurable biomolecules/sites that are modified in the lead-up to insulin release. Insulin secretion was examined in BRIN-BD11 pancreatic beta cells treated with T. polium extract in vitro and key flavonoids were identified using LCMS. The T. polium extract promoted increased insulin secretion (p<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner, and increased glucose uptake (p<0.05) within 30min. This was accompanied by an increase in GLUT2 (p<0.05) and glucokinase (p<0.01) expression. Also, mitochondrial metabolism and glycolytic rates were enhanced (p<0.05), and ATP production increased (p<0.01), which coincided with increased (p<0.01) calcium influx. Rutin and apigenin were detected, but not quercetin, in this extract. T. polium promotes insulin secretion. T. polium does this by GLUT2 and glucokinase expression, increased glucose transport, metabolism and ATP production, ultimately increasing intracellular calcium. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, phenolics, flavonoids, hyperglycaemia, glucose lowering, insulin secretagogue, pancreatic beta cells.
EDUKASI PIJAT BAYI UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DAN OPTIMALISASI TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK
Authors: Oktaviani Ika , Ajeng Atnesia
Published: March 2024

Stunting is a problem that is often encountered in infants and toddlers and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention and management of stunting can be done with complementary therapy with baby massage to stimulate growth and development. Providing baby massage treatment is the best and cheapest form of alternative treatment in an effort to increase the baby's weight optimally so as to increase the baby's weight and increase the child's growth and development in the future. Method: There were 15 participants. This activity was carried out for 60 minutes of counseling and 60 minutes of teaching baby massage to the mother. In this activity, the participants are babies and toddlers as well as their respective mothers or companions in the RW 08 Periuk Damai Housing Complex, Tangerang-Banten City, Posyandu Melati VIII and want to know information about Baby Massage Education for Stunting Prevention and Optimizing Child Growth and Development.. This activity was held on Agustus,24 2023. During the socialization, the participants actively asked the instructor about the material presented. All participants looked enthusiastic about participating in the activity and actively in the discussion. The results of the pre-test and post-test shows that the frequency distribution of pre-test baby massage education with good knowledge was 4 respondents (27%), 11 respondents (73%) had poor knowledge. Frequency distribution of post-test baby massage education with good knowledge was 13 respondents (87%), with poor knowledge was 2 respondents (13%). Growth and development examination with KMS was good for 5 respondents (33%) or less for 10 respondents (67%)%. There needs education about massage for child to increase growth and development also to prevent stunting.
HAMBATAN GURU DALAM PENERAPAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA TERHADAP PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SD NEGERI 3 BROSOT
Authors: Putri Nurul Insani
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan yang ada di SD Negeri 3 Brosot Kecamatan Galur, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Sekolah tersebut mengimplementasikan proses pembelajaran dengan kurikulum merdeka yang setiap proses pembelajaran melalukan rancangan pembelajaran sedemikian rupa agar apa yang menjadi capaian pembelajaran terwujud termasuk dalam pemulihan kurikulum 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode diskriptif kualitatif melalui wawancara untuk mendeskripsikan permasalahan dan fokus penelitian.. Hambatan guru dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka diantaranya ; 1). keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana; 2). heterogenitas siswa di dalam kelas; 3). softskill yang dimiliki guru menjadi kendala karena masih banyak guru yang belum mampu menunjukan kontribusinya dalam cakap berinteraksi berdasarkan tuntutan kurikulum merdeka; 4). Tantangan guru dalam menerapkan kurikulum merdeka disekolah;. 5). Kendala lain yang dihadapi terkait Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yaitu dalam mengajak guru-guru untuk merubah pemikiran mereka agar keluar dari zona nyamannya.
APPLICATION OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA MATHEMATICS ASSISTED BY PREZI APPLICATION TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF GRADE IV ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Astuti Fisqi Sabila , Afiani Kunti Dian Ayu , Mirnawati Lilik Binti
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the process of applying and improving learning outcomes, activities in the use of prezi applications in grade IV students of MI Muhammadiyah 25 Surabaya. This type of research is Class Action Research (PTK). The subjects of this study are 26 students of grade IV MI Muhammadiyah 25 Surabaya for the 2022 academic year. This research can improve mathematical performance, especially in expressing mathematical sentences. The data collection process is carried out through observation and testing methods. The implementation of this study took place in two cycles. The results obtained from the action on cycle I averaged 53.8% increased to 80.8% in cycle II. The improvement in cycle II has reached classical completion so that there is no need for the next cycle, so it can be concluded that the application of interactive mathematics learning media assisted by the prezi application can improve student learning outcomes and student activities.
DEVELOPMENT OF E-BOOKS INTEGRATED WITH HABIST OF MIND AND ISLAMIC CHARACTERS IN IMPROVING ALGEBRAIC THINKING SKILLS OF PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Wilujeng Hestu , Aristiawan Aristiawan
Published: March 2024

Algebraic thinking skills are important for students because algebraic thinking will promote ways to interpret mathematics. The results of preliminary research on the algebraic thinking ability of PGMI students showed an average problem solving of 18.46, mathematical modelling of 18.26, reasoning ability of 5.54, analytical thinking of 8.8 and generalization of 17, with a maximum value of 20. These results indicate that for indicators of analytical thinking and reasoning students are still low. This study aims to develop an e-book of algebraic thinking skills integrated with habits of mind and Islamic characters for prospective elementary school teachers. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The developed e-book was validated by several experts including media experts, material experts and Islamic experts to ensure the quality of the e-book produced before the field trial. Product trials were conducted on 230 PGMI students. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the feasibility of the algebraic thinking ability e-book integrated with habits of mind and Islamic characters is categorized as very good, with a value of 4.77 from a maximum scale of 5 while practicality obtained a score of 4.11 in the good category
ASK AND CLARIFY ABOUT STUDENT SHARING OF THE CONCEPT OF REFLECTION
Authors: Buhaerah Buhaerah Buhaerah , Haq Muhammad Ahsanul , Nurfaizah Nurfaizah
Published: March 2024

While studying mathematics in tertiary institutions, students must understand basic mathematics concepts. One of the main subjects in the mathematics education study program is transformation geometry. One of the materials in this course is the concept of reflection. In the reflection concept material, students remember mathematical formulas and know how to solve problems. Learning through sensitive questions and clarification is learning through a shared learning strategy that focuses on two characteristics. In this lesson, students ask questions and or answers. Students form small groups, and each group explains when there are questions. Discussions and interviews were carried out on behalf of each group. Students present the results of the survey and clarification in class. Ask students to clarify if there are questions that are ambiguous or wrong. In this study, the lecturer only acts as a facilitator.
Meningkatkan Motivasi Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Pendekatan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw pada Kelas XI OTKP Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di SMK YPS Prabumulih
Authors: Hikmah
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw tehadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XI OTKP SMK YPS Prabumulih.Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK YPS Prabumulih Kelas XI Otkp yang berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan formulir observasi dan analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan motivasi hasil belajar. Sebelum penelitian menggunakan penerapan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw  Data tersebut menunjukkan dari jumlah siswa 30, sebelum proses pembelajaran memakai metode kooperatif tipe jigsaw, siswa terlihat tidak antusian dan motivasi dari belajar tidak sesuai harapan, sehingga dari 30 siswa , ada tidak memenuhi syarat belajar dengan presentase 67 % belum tuntas masih di bawah kriteria ketuntasan minimal 75. Nilai tertinggi 85 dan terendah. skornya 50. Artinya hanya 34 %  siswa yang tuntas kriteria ketuntasan minimal (kkm) bahasa Inggris yang telah ditetapkan. siswa diakui sebagai lulusan. Selain itu, banyak juga siswa yang pasif ketika mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam wawancara dengan pendidik, guru mengatakan, “Hanya sekitar 10 dari 30 siswa yang terlihat berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran. Siklus I. Kemudian pada siklus II ketuntasan klasikal meningkat menjadi 87,00 pada 93 %  dengan kategori “berhasil”. penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar pada siswa kelas XI Otkp SMK YPS Prabumulih.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Descriptive Text dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajatan Problem Based Learning (Pbl) dengan Media Gambar / Poster Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 3 Tapung
Authors: Winarti
Published: March 2024

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar materi Descriptive Text melalui media gambar siswa SMA Negeri 3 Tapung . Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari: Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pengamatan, dan Refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Media gambar dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Descriptive Text Melalui Media gambar /poster Siswa  Kelas XI SMA Negeri 3 Tapung. Selanjutnya peneliti merekomendasikan: (1) Bagi guru yang mendapatan kesulitan yang sama dapat menerapkan media gambar untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar. (2) Agar mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal maka dihaharapkan guru lebih membuat Media gambar yang lebih menarik dan bervariasi.
An Analysis of Idiomatic Expression Found in Adele’s Lyrics Song
Authors: Citra Ayu
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research was to find out the idiomatic expression and to find out the contextual meaning of idiom expression which are used in Adele’s lyrics song. The technique of analyzing the data the researcher used descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research referred to the meaning, concepts, definitions, symbols and description of the things. There are 56 idiomatic expression found in 3 types of idiom those are Phrasal verb idiom, Tournure idiom and Irreversible Binomial idiom. Whereas another idiom could not be found by the researcher during the analysis. This research found the menaing of idiom expression moast as a contextual meaning. The researcher hopes that’s this thesis will be useful for both theoretical and practical source in learning how to translate English Idiom and also for those who conduct further study about analysis of idiomatic expression.
Upaya untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Materi Descriptive Text Bahasa Inggris Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture Kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir
Authors: Khairani
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peningkatan keterampilan siswa kelas x dalam menulis descriptive text. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas x sma negeri 3 rambah hilir. Penelitian ini juga digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap belajar siswa selama pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan teknik siklus yang terdiri dari dua tindakan siklus yaitu i dan siklus ii, model pembelajaran yang di gunakan picture and picture. alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan data kualitatif digunakan lembar observasi atau pengamatan, lembar refleksi diri, lembar penilaian antar teman, dan rubrik penilaian kinerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pembelajaran picture and picture dapat meningkatkan keterampilan  menulis descriptive text. Ketuntasan belajar mengalami peningkatan dari kondisi awal 28,13% menjadi 50% pada siklus I dan meningkat menjadi 84,38% pada siklus ii. Peningkatan keterampilan siswa dalam  menulis descriptive text mencapai 5,31% dari rata-rata hasil belajar pada pra siklus, dan  hasil belajar pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 6,40% dari rata- rata hasil belajar pada siklus 1.
The Use of Attribute Charts Strategy to Improve Students’ Ability in Writing Descriptive Texts in Class VII SMP Negeri 1 Bangun Purba
Authors: Rosmanidar
Published: March 2024

Writing is a way of expressing ideas, experiences, thoughts, and feelings and it becomes one of the skills that must be achieved by the seventh grade students.  Producing a variety of short functional texts such as descriptive text raises the difficulty because of the different writing conventions including language components such as grammar, vocabulary, and spelling between Indonesian and English. The use of Attribute Charts strategy is the way to find out the effective strategy to help the students in writing the correct adjectives in order to improve the students‟ skills in descriptive writing. There are two purposes of this study. The first is  to explain and describe the use of Attribute Charts as the strategy in teaching writing descriptive text to the grade VII of State Junior High School. The second is to find out how well the use of Attribute Charts as an alternative strategy in teaching writing descriptive text that gives a valuable contribution to the development of teaching writing. The subject of this research is 30 students of VII  class of Junior SMP N 1 Bangun Purba in academic year 2022/2023. In order  to  achieve  the  purposes of the study,  I  designed  an  action research  that  was  carried  out  through  cycle 1 and cycle 2.  I used observation, interview, and test as the instruments in collecting the data. The first meeting was used for conducting the pre-test.  The second and third meetings were used to conduct cycle 1 and cycle 1 test, the fourth meeting was used to conduct cycle 2, and the last meeting was used to hold post-test. Based on the research, the students‟ progress during the teaching learning activity by using Attribute Charts is good. The writing aspects such aspects as organization,  content,  grammar, style in  expressing ideas, and  punctuation  are improve in each cycle. It is realized by the significant result of the pre-test that is low (48.8), and the post-test which is high (70.1).  Based on the result above, the Attribute Charts strategy can be one of effective strategies to improve the students‟ ability in writing descriptive text. This study suggests the teachers to use Attribute Charts as the strategy in teaching writing, especially in writing descriptive text.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Learning Melalui Pendekatan Media Video pada Materi Narrative Text untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas X OTKP SMK YPS Prabumulih
Authors: Hikmah
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X Otkp SMK YPS Prabumulih. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK YPS Prabumulih Kelas X Otkp yang berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan formulir observasi dan analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan motivasi hasil belajar. Sebelum peneliti menggunakan penerapan Inkuiri Learning dan pendekatan media Video adalah penilaian kognitif sebesar 60,00 dengan ketuntasan 25,80 %, namun setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan pembelajaran inkuiri pada awalnya sebesar 78 dan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 67% Siklus I.  Kemudian pada siklus II ketuntasan klasikal meningkat menjadi 87,00 pada 93 %  dengan kategori “berhasil”. Penerapan pendekatan IBL (inquiry-based learning) yang didukung media video pada materi Narrative text dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas X Otkp SMK YPS Prabumulih. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil observasi siswa yang memperoleh poin 78 dengan kategori sedang pada Siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 87 poin dengan kategori Baik pada Siklus 2.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Procedure Text Recipe melalui Media Gambar Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam
Authors: Susiani
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul: ”Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Procedure text recipe Melalui Media Gambar Pada Peserta Didik kelas IX di SMP Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam” Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan (action Research) yang terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari: Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pengamatan, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan bahwa Media Gambar dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Procedure text recipe. Selanjutnya peneliti merekomendasikan bagi guru yang mendapatan kesulitan yang sama dapat menerapkan media gambar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar agar mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal maka dihaharapkan guru lebih membuat media gambar yang lebih menarik dan bervariasi.
Penggunaan Talking Stick dan Model Pembelajaran Discoveri Learning untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Memperoleh Hasil Belajar Yang Baik pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 7 Tambusai Tahun Pelajaran 2022 / 2023
Authors: Siti Nurjanah
Published: March 2024

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 7 Tambusai pada siswa kelas VII  dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 21 orang siswa, yang menjadi acuan dalam keberhasilan adalah hasil belajar siswa itu sendiri. penelitian ini menggunakan metode Discovery learning dan model talking stick  pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar    siswa kelas VII  SMP Negeri 7 Tambusai .selain itu dalam penelitian ini penulis sangat berharap bisa memberikan bantuan atau sebagai acuan guru yang lainnya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran setiap hari. Oleh karena itu Sebaiknya guru dapat menggunakan media  atau alat  peraga dalam  proses pembelajaran yang bervariasi,karena  selain dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa,guru harus  juga harusjeli dalam memilih  metode yang cocok, agar siswa  mudah memahami  materi yang  diajarkan  dan pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan  hasil belajar sesuai yang diharapkan. Dari hasil penelitian data disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode Discovery learning dan model talking stick  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar  siswa kelas VII  SMP Negeri 7 Tambusai tahun pelajaran 2022/ 2023.
The Use of Flashcard and Bbc Nature Video to Improve Students Ability in Writing Descriptive Text (A Comparative Study of Grade 10 SMA N 1 Bangun Purba Rokan Hulu in the Academic Year of 2023)
Authors: Dwi Indra Gusti
Published: March 2024

This final project is a comparative study in experimental design that aims at investigating whether there is any significant difference of the achievements in writing descriptive texts of students who are taught by using flashcards and those who are taught by using BBC Nature videos with an assumption that these media can help them to interpret the content of the course. The subjects of the study were the eight grade students of SMA N Bangun Purba, Rokan Hulu in the academic year of 2023. There were two groups that were given different treatments. The first group was the control group who was taught by using flashcards, and the second group was the experimental group who was taught by using BBC Nature videos. There were seven meetings for each class;one meeting was for the pre test, five meetings were for treatments and one meeting for the post test. In the test, the students of the control group used the flashcards and the experimental group used the BBC Nature videos to write a descriptive text based on the topic provided: animal.  The result of this research showed that the pre-test average scores of the two groups were nearly the same. The means of the pre-tests were 65.07 (the control group) and 65.47 (the experimental group). The slight difference between the two groups indicated that they were similar learning basis. After the control and the experimental groups were given different treatments, the score of the two groups increased. The means turned into 76.67 for the control group and 84.00 for the experimental group. The improvement were 11.60 (the control group), and 18.53 (the experimental group). The result of t-test based on the difference of two means revealed that the obtained value (3.86) was higher than t-table value for α = 5% (2.00). It means that there was a significant difference between the students who were taught with flashcards and those who were taught with BBC Nature videos.  Based on the result above, it is concluded that in this study BBC Nature videos are more effective than flashcards to improve students‟ ability in writing a descriptive text. It is suggested that video can be used as alternative media for teaching descriptive text. Further research is suggested to be carried out for a better understanding of this field.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Menulis Descriptive Text Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tambusai
Authors: Situmorang Sondang Sari
Published: March 2024

Penguasan materi pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dalam jenjang SMP meliputi enam keterampilan berbahasa, yaitu: menyimak, berbicara, membaca, memeriksa, menulis , dan mempresentasikan. Semua itu didukung oleh unsur-unsur bahasa  lainnya, yaitu: kosa tata, tata bahasa dan pronunciation sesuai dengan tema sebagai alat pencapai tujuan. Dari keempat keterampilan berbahasa di atas, writing (menulis) merupakan salah satu kemampuan berbahasa yang dirasa sering menjadi masalah bagi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa tentang mengungkapkan makna dalam langkah retorika dalam essai pendek sederhana dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima untuk berinteraksi dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk descriptive pada semester 2 sebanyak 60% siswa masih berada di bawah KKTP (Kriteria Ketercapaian Tujuan Pembelajaran). Permasalahan tersebut sangat menarik perhatian penulis untuk mencoba memaparkan topik analisa terhadap kemampuan siswa menulis teks berbentuk prosedur melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di Kelas VII semester genap tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk menulis teks deskriptif, mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran dan model pembelajaran yang efektif, efisien dan menyenangkan, Siswa dapat melibatkan diri secara aktif dalam kegiatan komunikasi dengan mengemukakan gagasan, pendapat dan perasaannya secara sederhana baik lisan maupun tertulis. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan observasi/ pengamatan dan pemberian performance test siswa dengan bentuk test tulis. Dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, hasil pengamatan mengindikasikan bahwa 60% siswa terlihat aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Nilai siswa hasil dari evaluasi test tulis masih ada yang belum mencapai ketuntasan minimum. Akan tetapi dari 2 siklus yang dilakukan peneliti sudah terlihat peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif Akhirnya penulis menyimpulkan berdasarkan penjelasan pada pembahasan diatas bahwa tujuan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan mengalami peningkatan. Dengan kata lain, implementasi tindakan pembelajaran melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif.
Penerapan Keterampilan Membaca Wacana Bahasa Inggris Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Efektif di Kelas IX UPT SMP Negeri Satu Atap Padang Mutung
Authors: Mizan Khairul
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru selama siklus I dan siklus II menunjukkan performance yang baik. Guru mulai menerapkan metode dan teknik pengajaran yang bervariasi dan tidak monoton, guru berusaha menstimulus keaktifan dan kekreatifan siswa, guru menyajikan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris secara integral, guru tidak hanya berkomunikasi pada tuntasnya suatu materi pelajaran saja tetapi lebih memperhatikan kemampuan penguasaan yang diperoleh siswa.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman procedure text siswa  kelas  IX UPT SMPN 1 Atap Padang Mutung dengan  menggunakan  keterampilan membaca wacana bahasa Inggris.  Ada  beberapa  faktor  yang memengaruhi  keberhasilan penerapan  keterampilan membaca wacana bahasa Inggris,  antara  lain  pengetahuan  awal tentang  teks  yang  akan  dibaca,  tujuan  khusus  membaca,  dan  pemahaman  informasi yang telah diperoleh dari bacaan.
National Budgeting and Revenue Collection under the Taliban
Authors: Hamoon Waheedullah , Tawakkoli Ahmad Omid
Published: March 2024

In August 2021, the Taliban seized power and established an authoritarian theocracy. Their government is not internationally recognized and cannot access international aid that played such an essential role in the financing of the previous government. As a consequence, the Taliban's budget is half of what it was under their predecessor, relies on internal revenues to fund government operations, and has reduced to minimum spending socio-economic development programmes at a time when the country faces a humanitarian crisis. The international community has come to the population’s rescue and aid spending is greater than the government’s budget. Public finances under the Taliban are under researched. This paper aims to fill that gap by providing a detailed national budget analysis that reflects their political priorities and the government's rigorous pursuit of internal revenue sources. It examines the broader economic and societal consequences of Taliban rule.
Pain and Suffering in Farmed Animals: First Steps Towards Better Understanding and Management (Musk and Clutton, 2024) - Insects
Authors: Barrett Meghan
Published: March 2024

Insects are an incredibly diverse class of largely terrestrial arthropods, with a million named species and many more to be discovered. Trillions of individuals are farmed for food and feed each year, with trillions (maybe quadrillions) more impacted by other kinds of human use and management. The question of insect pain is an open one, without broad scientific or philosophical consensus. Here, I present the history of the science on insect pain and the main neurobiological and behavioral evidence used to support and reject the idea of insect pain. The pain and suffering experienced by farmed insects during rearing, transport, and slaughter is reviewed, albeit from a somewhat speculative lens (given the uncertainty of insect pain at all, and the lack of validated tools for assessing pain in any insects). Analgesics and anesthetics that may work for insects are reviewed, as well as attitudes on insect pain from consumer, producer, academic, and other perspectives. Other arthropods - besides insects and crustaceans - are briefly reviewed, before concluding with the complexity of moral caution in the insect case.
GPT's Performance in Identifying Outcome Changes on ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Ying Xiangji , Vorland Colby J. , Qureshi Riaz , Brown Andrew William , Kilicoglu Halil , Saldanha Ian , DeVito Nicholas J , Mayo-Wilson Evan
Published: March 2024

Background: Selective non-reporting of studies and study results undermines trust in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Changes to clinical trial outcomes are sometimes associated with bias. Manually comparing trial documents to identify changes in trial outcomes is time consuming.Objective: This study aims to assess the capacity of the Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) large language model in detecting and describing changes in trial outcomes within ClinicalTrials.gov records.Methods: We will first prompt GPT-4 to define trial outcomes using five elements (i.e., domain, specific measurement, specific metric, method of aggregation, and time point). We will then prompt GPT-4 to identify outcome changes between the prospective versions of registrations and the most recent versions of registrations. We will use a random sample of 150 RCTs (~1,500 outcomes) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. We will include “Completed” trials categorized as “Phase 3” or “Not Applicable” and with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov. Two independent raters will rate GPT-4’s judgements, and we will assess GPT-4’s accuracy and reliability. We will also explore the heterogeneity in GPT-4’s performance by the year of trial registration and trial type (i.e., applicable clinical trials, NIH-funded trials, and other trials).Discussion: We aim to develop methods that could assist systematic reviewers, peer reviewers, journal editors, and readers in monitoring changes in clinical trial outcomes, streamlining the review process, and improving transparency and reliability of clinical trial reporting.
Impact of Fast Frequency Response on Renewable Energy Source Curtailment and Load Shedding
Authors: Panagi Savvas , Lazari Antonis , Koutsoloukas Vrahimis , Aristidou Petros
Published: March 2024

System operators in low-inertia power systems often have to curtail renewable energy sources (RES) and employ strict under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes to ensure frequency security after an event leading to loss of generation. This approach limits the maximum RES penetration in a system and results to the loss of load. To tackle these problems, fast frequency response (FFR) schemes can be used to limit the frequency Nadir after a disturbance and decrease the need for RES curtailments and UFLS. This article provides insights on the interaction between the Kinetic Energy (KE), Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR), and Nadir after a disturbance, which are the driving mechanisms leading to RES curtailment. Then, it analyses the impact of FFR on the Nadir and its ability to alleviate RES curtailment problems. The low-inertia, islanded, Cyprus dynamic model is used to quantify the results and showcase the impact on a real system.
Individualisierte Exposition bei Angststörungen [Individualized exposure for anxiety disorders]
Authors: Pittig Andre , Pittig Roxana
Published: March 2024

Hardly any other psychotherapeutic intervention can be used as broadly as exposure. Contrary to common assumptions, absolute contraindications to exposure therapy are very rare, since an adaptation to assumed contraindications is possible in the vast majority of cases (e.g., graduated approach, change of exercise focus, creative exercise design). New approaches to exposure move away from the imperative necessity of "habituation" and instead emphasize the role of threat expectancy violation and change. When planning and conducting exposure, a hypothetical "ideal exercise" should first be developed which have the maximal potential to violate the individual core threat expectancy as much as possible. In a next step, the best possible "optimal exercise" can be conducted, based on the willingness of the patient and feasibility. By setting the focus of exposure, special emphasis can be placed on habituation, threat expectancy violation, or other helpful experiences. Recent studies on this approach to exposure in anxiety disorders showed very high and sustainable treatment success and provided evidence for the role of threat expectancy change as a mechanism underlying exposure. [Kaum eine psychotherapeutische Intervention ist so breit einsetzbar wie Exposition. Absolute Kontraindikationen für Expositionstherapie liegen entgegen häufiger Annahmen nur sehr selten vor, da eine Anpassung an vermeintliche Kontraindikatoren in den allermeisten Fällen möglich ist (z.B. graduiertes Vorgehen, Wechsel des Übungsfokus, kreative Übungsgestaltung). Neue Ansätze der Exposition entfernen sich von der zwingenden Notwendigkeit der „Habituation“ und betonen stattdessen die Rolle der Befürchtungswiderlegung und -veränderung. Bei der Planung und Durchführung einer Exposition sollten Therapeuten*innen hierbei zunächst eine hypothetische „ideale Übung“ erarbeiten, mit der Betroffene ihre zentrale Befürchtung maximal widerlegen könnten. Im nächsten Schritt erfolgt dann die Vorbereitung und Durchführung einer realisierbaren, patient*innennahen „optimalen Übung“. Durch die Festlegung des Übungsfokus können Habituation, Befürchtungswiderlegung oder andere Lernerfahrungen in den Vordergrund gestellt werden. Aktuelle Studien zur befürchtungszentrierten Exposition belegen eine sehrhohe und nachhaltige Wirksamkeit sowie die Rolle der Befürchtungsveränderung als Wirkprozess.
Dyads in networks: We (dis)like our partners' partners based on their anticipated indirect effects on us
Authors: Merrie Laureon Allison , Krems Jaimie , Sznycer Daniel
Published: March 2024

Research on close relationships often focuses on the dyad (e.g., dyads of romantic partners) and on how dyad members affect each other’s welfare. But dyads exist embedded in broader, densely-interconnected social networks, and less research attention has been paid to the myriad ways in which people outside the dyad impact one’s welfare through their interactions with, or even their attitudes about, the other member of the dyad. What drives our feelings toward such extra-dyadic individuals? Balance Theory, an influential formalist theory in social psychology, suggests that our feelings are driven by the need for affective balance, achieved by, for example, liking strangers who share our feelings toward our existing partners or by disliking strangers who do not. We propose an alternative theory, the Embedded Dyad Framework, which foregrounds the substantive effects that strangers can have on our welfare through their interactions with our dyadic partners. Across four experiments (N=1,589) with U.S.-residing participants we predict and find, consistent with the Embedded Dyad Framework, that we like strangers who share our hatred for our rivals and our love for our friends (consistent with Balance Theory); but we dislike strangers who share our love for our spouses (contradicting Balance Theory). Further supporting predictions from an Embedded Dyad Framework, (a) greater perceived exclusivity in welfare-enhancing dyadic relationships (e.g., friendships) drives our lesser liking of strangers who share our love for our partners, and (b) greater perceived welfare suppression by our antagonistic partners (e.g., rivals) drives our liking of strangers who share our hatred of our antagonists. This framework outpredicts cognitive consistency views by emphasizing the real threats and opportunities that dyadic relationships afford people when dyads are embedded in social networks.
Can asymmetric punishment explain norm changes? Comparing complaints and protests against complaints
Authors: Tobias Robert , Frisch Lisa , Sebben Simone , Ullrich Johannes
Published: March 2024

We test a general theory of norm changes based on evidence that people will punish less hygienic others more strongly than more hygienic others. The theory concludes that such asymmetric punishment would result in hygiene norms becoming ever stricter. We argue that, because complaints about one’s behavior might lead to protest, norms might not always change because of such complaints. We conducted an online experiment (N = 1023 Swiss adults) using handwashing as the target behavior. We replicated the asymmetry in punishment intensities and found that the intensity of protests against complaints about one’s too unhygienic behavior approached the intensity of these complaints. We conclude that, while asymmetric punishment may drive norm change, protests may lead to norm stability.
Supporting Adaptive Coordination in Human-Autonomy-Teams: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Nols Tilman , Ulfert Anna-Sophie , Gevers Josette M. P.
Published: March 2024

Human-Autonomy-Teams (HATs) integrate AI or robots as team members and coordinate their action in response to their operational environment. However, these teams face various challenges that limit their adaptive capacity. Therefore, we integrate literature from different disciplines, presenting four principles that enable HATs to self-organize their coordination in dynamic contexts.
Heart Rate Measurement through Facial Skin-Spectra Analysis in Facial RGB Video
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Aden Hassan Ali
Published: March 2024

Estimation of the Heart rate from facial video has a number of applications in the medical and the fitness industries. Additionally, it has become useful in the field of gaming as well. Several approaches have been proposed to seamlessly obtain the Heart rate from the facial video, but these approaches have had issues in dealing with motion and illumination artifacts. In this work, we propose a reliable HR estimation framework using the spectral reflectance of the user, which makes it robust to motion and illumination disturbances. We employ deep learning-based frameworks such as Faster RCNNs to perform face detection as opposed to the Viola Jones algorithm employed by previous approaches. We evaluate our method on the MAHNOB-HCI dataset and found that the proposed method is able to outperform previous approaches.
Market Representations in Action
Authors: Diaz Ruiz Carlos
Published: March 2024

This manuscript identifies the hidden assumptions and simplifications that marketing academics, sociologists, and economists use when describing markets.
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Authors: Wang Maria
Published: March 2024

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Accessibility and Disability-Inclusive Urban Planning in Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Singh Ramesh Prasad , Dhakal Januka
Published: March 2024

This research aims to explore the importance of accessibility and disability-inclusive urban planning. For this, it analyzes the problems of disabled people, especially physically disabled people, living in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. The review of the literature shows that people with disabilities face a widespread lack of accessibility to build environments, from roads and housing to public buildings and spaces and basic urban services such as sanitation and water, health, education, transportation, and emergency response and resilience programs. Particularly, one of the main problems in Kathmandu Metropolitan City is the inaccessibility of urban public spaces such as sidewalks, bus stops, pedestrian crossings, etc. for people with all kinds of abilities. Persons with disability (PWDs), often struggle with the complexities of the built environment in urban areas that hinder their equal participation in daily activities. So, there is a need for accessibility and disability-inclusive urban planning in Kathmandu metropolitan city.
Parents’ Social Value and Prestige in the Choice of Schools for Children
Authors: Chaulagai Sangam
Published: March 2024

Choice of schools is a significant factor that may affect children’s future careers. After the beginning of privatisation of school education in Nepal, parents have choices either to choose government-aided schools or private schools for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore how parents’ social value and prestige influenced the choice of schools for their children. This study analysed and interpreted data from a Marxist concept of sign exchange value employing a qualitative research design. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from two government-aided and two private schools. Ten parents and four headteachers of those schools were the participants of this study. The research found that social value and prestige of parents are significant factors in the choice of schools. Many of the parents desired to admit their children to expensive private schools rather than in government-aided schools to maintain their social status.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATIONS
Authors: Haider Saeed Noor , Jasim Farhan Malik , Al-Sherbaz Ali
Published: March 2024

A new proposed antenna is presented in this article for 5G applications. The dimensions of this antenna are (32×32×0.8) mm³. The antenna that is suggested is built upon FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrate, with a loss tangent of 0.025 and relative permittivity of dielectric is 4.3 and, on the top layer of this substrate a polygon patch is etched with specific dimensions, also a ground plane on the bottom layer of the substrate is built. The patch of the antenna is fed from a microstrip feed line with a 50Ω characteristic impedance. The proposed antenna operates at 3.6 GHz as a resonance frequency with a bandwidth of (3.15 - 4.3) GHz, and gain (3.3) dBi at the operating frequency, these characteristics are suitable for 5G applications. To attain the targeted bandwidth and gain, distinct slots are carved onto both the patch and ground plane. The simulation outcomes are gathered using CST-MW 2020.
ASSESSMENT OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION: A CASE STUDY IN BAGHDAD City by USING SIDRA SOFTWARE
Authors: Aboud Ghufraan Mohammed , Khaled Teba Tariq , Ezzat Estabraq Nashat , Jashami Hisham , Shukri Zinah Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Over the world, signalized intersections and road networks with heavy traffic have posed severe issues. So, it is crucial to employ cutting-edge software tools to ensure the current system can be managed and assessed. Therefore; this paper aims to analyze and evaluate the traffic flow performance at AL-Masbah signalized intersections in Baghdad city during peak hours by utilizing SIDRA INTERSECTION 5. For purposes of evaluation, the Level of Service LOS, average delay time, capacity, degree of saturation, queue for Intersection, fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emission have been considered. In this study, video count was used to collect data. The main input data included peak hour factor (PHF), numbers and width of lanes, percent of heavy vehicles for each direction and movement, median, phasing, and timing. The results of the analysis indicated that the intersection is operated at LOS ( F) with a backlog queue of 166.1 which is the queue for any lane used by movement (vehicles)and a 1262m queue for any lane used by movement (meters) m, while fuel consumption was at a rate of 849.9 liters per hour. Furthermore, the results revealed that carbon dioxide (CO2) emission was increased by 2124.8 Kg per hour. So, It can be concluded that the intersection needs to improve its level of service by changing its geometry or by implementing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).
A COMBINED ULTRASONIC PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE DAMAGE IN CONCRETE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO STATIC LOAD
Authors: Fartosy Sabah , Abdalqadir Narmeen  Abdalwahhab , Al-Mussawy Haider Ali , Jafar Nagham Qasim , Ghosh Soumya
Published: March 2024

Concrete is utilized in a wide range of civil engineering applications specifically in infrastructure projects. In general, as with any construction material, it may be subjected to deterioration over time because of various reasons such as excessive loading and so on. In this research, two reinforced concrete beams on a large scale (length 2400 mm, depth 350 mm, and width 250 mm) are cast and tested under static load using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) technique consisting of three pairs of transducers (54 kHz, 150 kHz, and 250 kHz). During the loading, the signals are sent and captured through the used transducers at selected loading steps. Two new proposed procedures based on signal peaks in time and frequency domains are used to monitor the crack progress induced in concrete beams under concentrated load. The findings of this study revealed the suitability of the proposed two approaches to detect the propagation of cracks to evaluate damage induced in concrete beams.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE: A REVIEW
Authors: Hamdi Gaith M. Hamdi , Nsaif Abbas Mohammed , Atalah Khaleefa Ali Seroor
Published: March 2024

The importance of this research lies in keeping pace with the global trend to diversify energy sources and reduce climate change and air pollution by shedding light on how to benefit from agricultural waste by using it as a raw material for the production of bioethanol, which is one of the most important types of renewable fuels. This review highlighted the; ways of converting agricultural and fruit waste into bioethanol and its environmental and economic benefits-including adding it to gasoline used as car fuel in different proportions, as it works to raise the octane number of gasoline and improve its quality, thus reducing its production costs and reducing gas emissions from vehicle exhaust. In addition, the global production of bio-ethanol was reviewed and is expected to reach it by the end of 2023. It also highlighted the results of several studies that dealt with the properties and uses of ethanol and the best agricultural wastes used for this purpose. It is suggested to focus on the agricultural waste in Iraq, such as rice husks, in terms of cost and conditions for improvement to increase bio-ethanol production using fermentation processes.
“Russian Pacer” on an Asian Race
Authors:   Journalist, former Izvestia own correspondent in East Asia, Agafonov Sergei L.
Published: March 2024

The turn to the East has been marked as one of the key directions of Russian state policy. Domestic or foreign? This is not just a clarifying nuance―the country is at a crossroads again.
Global Stasis as a Party System
Authors:   Professor, School of Politics and Governance, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Kaspe Svyatoslav I. ,   Editor-in-Chief, Politeia journal
Published: March 2024

Will a multipolar world not turn into an arena of war if not of all against all, then of many against many, a global war, which, like the current confrontation between Israel and Hamas, will be fought again not as stasis but as polemos to dehumanize and exterminate the enemy, while being portrayed, at least by one of the warring parties, as a battle of civilization with barbarians?