bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Drying Parameters on Drying Efficiency of a Rapeseed Hot Air Cyclone Dryer
Authors: MANGEH III FONDZENYUY CEDRIC , WU Ming Liang , LOOH George ASHWEHMBOM
Published: June 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

This research was conducted with aims of investigating the influence of drying parameters on drying efficiency of a hot air cyclone dryer.

Varying both diameter and height of the dryer, affected drying capacity, drying rate, temperature distribution and drying efficiency.

Variations in the dryer’s inlet vent (Ram) caused most significant influences on drying efficiency.

It was realized that speed of incoming hot air had the least significant influence on drying efficiency.

Abstract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of drying parameters such as height, diameter, ram width of the drying chamber and air speed, on drying efficiency of a hot air cyclone dryer. Experiments were run in two phases. One phase was in the field where the rapeseed hot air cyclone dryer was used to conduct physical experiments. The second and greater phase of the experiment involved mostly mathematical simulations using ANSYS Workbench software version 18.1. Two groups of simulations were conducted: single-factor simulations and multi-factor simulations. The number of simulations to be run were obtained using Taguchi Orthogonal Array (TOA) design of experiments in Minitab 18 software. Regression analysis were done to determine effects of factor variations on efficiency values and to obtain a regression equation from which optimal efficiency can be predicted. We concluded that moisture content of rapeseed is directly proportional to mass of seeds and radius of gyration subsequently. Furthermore, varying drying parameters of the dryer, affected drying capacity, drying rate, temperature distribution, and drying efficiency. Ram width had the most significant influence on the numerically calculated efficiency values, followed by the height, and then diameter of the chamber. The least influence was provided by speed of incoming air. Optimal value for each variable were also suggested from analysis with 2950 mm for height, 250 mm for diameter, 90 mm for ram width, and 20 m s-1 for air speed. Lastly, a regression equation was provided for estimation of efficiency for each parameter change. Using the optimization regression equation, drying efficiency for optimal values obtained from analysis, an efficiency of 83.9135% was obtained which is greater than the efficiency of 80.87%. Keywords: Drying efficiency, Numerical simulations, Optimization, Parameters, Regression equation, Rapeseed drying, Taguchi orthogonal arrays (TOA).
Indiana Farm Occasional Wood Cutter Fatalities Involving Individuals 55 Years and Older
Authors: Tormoehlen Sean A. , Field William E. , Ehlers Shawn G. , Ferraro Kenneth F.
Published: June 2020

Abstract.

Forestry activities, such as tree cutting and harvesting of forest resources, have been documented as dangerous tasks with increased risk of injuries and fatalities. These hazards are well known in the professional logging community, but less attention is given to farmers who perform occasional tree trimming and cutting activities, especially for the older farmer population. This study examined Indiana farm work-related fatalities from 1988 to 2017 involving farmers 55 years and older who performed occasional wood cutting activities. Fatality cases were mined from the Purdue University Agricultural Safety and Health Program’s fatality database. A total of 40 fatality cases were reported, representing 10.3% of all reported farm fatalities of farmers 55 years and older over the time period. The average age of the victims was 67.4, with 65% of cases involving victims 65 years or older. All victims were males. Wood cutting fatalities increased over the observation period. The most frequently reported fatal injury type was being crushed by tree or tree limbs, with 16 cases (40%), and the most common cause of fatality was due to cutting and trimming of trees, with 27 cases (67.5%). It was determined that the incidents were largely preventable and that future injury prevention strategies should address the risks associated with aging, the added risk of being struck by limbs or trees due to unsafe felling practices, the need for appropriate personal protective equipment, and the hazards involved in operating agricultural tractors in wooded areas. Keywords: Agriculture, Farm fatalities, Older farmers, Preventable fatalities, Tree felling.
Optical coherence tomography for thyroid pathology: 3D analysis of tissue microstructure
Authors: Tampu Iulian Emil , Maintz Michaela , Koller Daniela , Johansson Kenth , Gimm Oliver , Capitanio Arrigo , Eklund Anders , Haj-Hosseini Neda
Published: June 2020

To investigate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to distinguish between normal and pathologic thyroid tissue, 3D OCT images were acquired on ex vivo thyroid samples from adult subjects (n=22) diagnosed with a variety of pathologies. The follicular structure was analyzed in terms of count, size, density and sphericity. Results showed that OCT images highly agreed with the corresponding histopatology and the calculated parameters were representative of the follicular structure variation. The analysis of OCT volumes provides quantitative information that could make automatic classification possible. Thus, OCT can be beneficial for intraoperative surgical guidance or in the pathology assessment routine.
Numerical analysis of amplified spontaneous emission of the thin-disk laser with an adjustable ring pump spot
Authors: Chen Keming , Zhu Guangzhi , Gu Biaoping , Wang Hailin , Kozlov Aleksei , Zhu Xiao
Published: June 2020

The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) effect is a major factor affecting large size, high-gain Yb:YAG thin-disk lasers. In this paper, considering the reabsorption effect of the quasi-three-level Yb:YAG crystal, an adjustable ring pump spot (ARPS) is proposed to suppress the ASE effect for the high power multimode thin-disk lasers. A numerical integration model is built to calculate the output power density, the distribution of ASE photon flux density, and the gain coefficient of the ARPS. Compared with the circle pump spot and the hollow pump spot, the reabsorption effect in the ring shaped unpumping region of the ARPS has a good balance between the ASE photon amplification in the pumping areas and attenuation in the unpumping area of the thin-disk crystal. Significant improvement of suppression ability of the ASE effect can be achieved by using the ARPS with an optimal position of the ring-shaped unpumping area, especially for the larger pump spot.
Numerical study of superradiant mixing by an unsynchronized superradiant state of multiple atomic ensembles
Authors: An Haechan , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: June 2020

We numerically analyze superradiant dynamics in atomic ensembles that have different transition frequencies using a numerical model that can take account of the transient behavior of an unsynchronized superradiant state. The numerical results unveil that the superradiant emission of a periodic pulse train can be induced by means of collective multiple frequency generation, which we call superradiant mixing. This is, in fact, due to the superradiant coupling of unsynchronized atomic ensembles. We numerically investigate the superradiant mixing in detail, varying the collective decay rate, repumping rate, and the number of the individual atomic ensembles with detuned frequencies. This work broadens our understanding of the collective atomic behavior in a detuned system, and it also suggests a novel method for frequency generation without relying on the conventional Kerr nonlinear effect.
Tailoring of spatial coherence in a multimode fiber by selectively exciting groups of eigenmodes
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang Hua Hui , Manuylovich Egor , Sugavanam Srikanth , Wu Han , Zhang Wei Li , Dvoyrin Vladislav , Hu Tao Ping , Hu Zhi Jia , Rao Yun Jiang , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: June 2020

Control of the properties of speckle patterns produced by mutual interference of light waves is important for various applications of multimode optical fibers. It has been shown previously that a high signal-to-noise ratio in a multimode fiber can be achieved by preferential excitation of lower order spatial eigenmodes in optical fiber communication. Here we demonstrate that signal spatial coherence can be tailored by changing relative contributions of the lower and higher order multimode fiber eigenmodes for the research of speckle formation and spatial coherence. It is found that higher order spatial eigenmodes are more conducive to the final speckle formation. The minimum speckle contrast occurs in the lower order spatial eigenmodes dominated regime. This work paves the way for control and manipulation of the spatial coherence of light in a multimode fiber varying from partially coherent or totally incoherent light.
Floquet topological photonic crystals with temporally modulated media
Authors: Wang Yao-Ting , Tsai Ya-Wen , Gao Wenlong
Published: June 2020

We show that Floquet topological insulating states can exist in two-dimensional photonic crystals made of time-variant optical materials. By arranging the modulating phases, it facilitates effective gauge fields that give rise to topological effects. The band structures demonstrate the existence of topologically non-trivial bandgaps, thereby leading to back-scattering immune unidirectional edge states owing to bulk-edge correspondence. With these first-principle numerical results, we then verify the topological order for every Floquet band via Wilson loop approach. In the final paragraph, the possible experimental implementation for Floquet topological photonics is also discussed.
Microsphere-assisted super-resolved Mueller matrix microscopy
Authors: Abbasian Vahid , Moradi Ali-Reza
Published: June 2020

Mueller matrix microscopy (MMM) is a powerful approach to probe microstructural and optical information of many important specimens (e.g., tissue and bacteria), which otherwise cannot be obtained directly from intensity or spectral images. Achieving high lateral resolution in MMM, similar to other microscopy approaches, remains a challenge. Here, we extend the idea of microsphere (MS) -assisted microscopy into MMM toward resolution-enhanced polarimetric imaging. The goal is achieved by insertion of a transparent MS in the working distance of the imaging microscope objective in the optical train of an MMM system. We experimentally show that an MS close to the sample in MMM may increase the resolution beyond the intrinsic diffraction limit of the system by redirecting the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the acceptance cone. In order to be a case in point, the experiment is conducted on a standard holographic diffraction grating with 1 µm line-width, which is beyond the diffraction limit of a

10
×

objective. Two-dimensional images of the Mueller matrix and some of the widely used quantitative polarimetric parameters of the sample are calculated and compared in the two cases before and after insertion of MS. The proposed arrangement is easy to implement and has the potential to serve as a high-resolution polarimetric microscope for visualizing the polarization characteristics of the microscopic objects.
Multimode nonlinear simulation technique having near-linear scaling with mode number in circular symmetric waveguides
Authors: Lægsgaard Jesper
Published: June 2020

An efficient scheme for performing coupled-mode simulations of
nonlinear propagation in multimoded waveguides having circular
symmetry is presented. In contrast to currently established
modal-expansion methods the scheme displays a nearly linear scaling of
numerical complexity with mode number and may enable simulations with
hundreds of guided modes.
Structured ray-wave vector vortex beams in multiple degrees of freedom from a laser
Authors: Shen Yijie , Yang Xilin , Naidoo Darryl , Fu Xing , Forbes Andrew
Published: June 2020

Vector vortex beams are conventionally created as the superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes with orthogonal polarizations, limiting the available degrees of freedom (DoFs) to 2, while their creation by complex optical devices such as metasurfaces, liquid crystals, and interferometers has hindered their versatility. Here we demonstrate a new class of vector vortex beam constructed from four DoFs as multiple ray-like trajectories with wave-like properties, which we create by operating a simple anisotropic microchip laser in a frequency-degenerate state. Our new structure is obtained by the superposition of two stable periodic ray trajectories, simultaneously fulfilling a completed oscillation in the cavity. By a simple external modulation, we can transform our ray trajectories into vortex beams with large OAM, multiple singularities, as well as exotic helical star-shaped patterns. Our experimental results are complemented by a complete theoretical framework for this new class of beam, revealing parallels to hybrid SU(2) coherent states. Our approach offers in principle unlimited DoFs for vectorial structured light with concomitant applications, for example, in engineering classically entangled light and in vectorial optical trapping and tweezing.
Serviço Nacional de Saúde. SNS. 30 Anos de Resistência
Authors: Arnaut António
Published: June 2020

Os homens e as instituições andam sempre à procura do tempo perdido. Por mim, dói-me o tempo que fizeram perder ao SNS, mas quero agora olhar para o futuro com otimismo e confiança. Confio na força das ideias justas e generosas. Confio na Democracia e nas suas regras de funcionamento: o Presidente da República cumprirá e fará cumprir a Constituição. Os Deputados e os Governantes saberão respeitar a vontade do Povo, única fonte da sua legitimidade. Se todos tiverem em vista o bem comum, a justiça e a coesão social, e, nesta lógica humanista, considerarem a saúde como um direito de todos e não um privilégio de quem a pode pagar, o SNS será um cravo de Abril que nunca murchará.
Media, informação e literacia: rumos e perspetivas
Authors: Simões Rita Basílio , Marques Maria Beatriz , Figueira João
Published: June 2020

Media, informação e literacia: rumos e perspetivas reúne um leque diversificado de olhares e de vozes sobre a relação entre Media, Informação e Literacia, na tentativa de documentar rumos e discutir perspetivas aparentemente triunfantes no contexto internacional e num horizonte interdisciplinar. No seu conjunto, esses contributos alimentam o acidentado, mas vital debate sobre o impacto das alterações sociais e tecnológicas no conceito de literacia e o lugar das literacias nas sociedades democráticas.
Higher omega-3 index after dietary inclusion of omega-3 phospholipids versus omega-3 triglycerides in Alaskan Huskies
Authors: Burri Lena , Heggen Knut , Storsve Andreas Berg
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim: Numerous studies have found benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely, for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in dogs. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of dietary inclusion of equal amounts of omega-3 FAs in phospholipid (PL) from krill meal to triglyceride structure from fish oil to increase the omega-3 FA profile in red blood cells (RBCs) in dogs. Materials and Methods: Ten adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented with daily 1.7 g EPA and DHA from krill meal for 6 weeks, while another ten dogs received 1.7 g EPA and DHA from fish oil. FA and omega-3 index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3, and 6 weeks for comparison. Results: It was mainly the EPA levels that increased in the krill meal group (from 1.84% to 4.42%) compared to the fish oil group (from 1.90% to 2.46%) (p<0.001), which drove the group differences in the omega-3 index. This resulted in the krill meal group having a mean omega-3 index increase from 3.9 at baseline to 6.3%, which was significantly greater than the increase from 3.9% to 4.7% observed in the fish oil group (p<0.001). Concomitantly, omega-6 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid, were reduced in RBC membranes and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was significantly more reduced in the krill meal compared to the fish oil group. Conclusion: The results showed that krill meal supplementation was associated with a reduction of omega-6 PUFAs, which compensated for the increased omega-3 index, suggesting that PLs are efficient delivery molecules of omega-3 PUFAs.
Los ritmos del cambio en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la periodización. Una propuesta desde la historia global
Authors: Cartes Pinto Daniela , Pagès Blanch Joan
Published: June 2020

El estudio versa sobre las representaciones de los ritmos del cambio en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la periodización en estudiantes de secundaria. Tanto el tiempo histórico y los ritmos del cambio son primordiales para entender la temporalidad humana. Los contextos actuales están marcados por sus acelerados cambios y por sus constantes contradicciones. Para poder leer el mundo es necesario evidenciar los conflictos, las contradicciones y las diferencias que conviven en los grupos humanos. La metodología es de carácter cualitativa con un diseño mixto, donde los instrumentos utilizados corresponden a cuestionarios, narrativas personales y documentos curriculares. Dentro de los resultados podemos mencionar la importancia que sigue teniendo la representación lineal e irreversible del tiempo como consecuencia de un currículo que enfatiza los aspectos cronológicos del tiempo histórico. No obstante, un 95,6% del estudiando reconoce el cambio y lo asocia fácilmente aquellas transformaciones de rápida duración a nivel personal. En el ámbito de la historia global, el currículo considera las diferentes escalas a tratar los contenidos (local, regional y global), sin embargo las interrelaciones temporales quedan limitadas a una sola comprensión: la europea.
El enfoque interdisciplinar en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Reflexiones epistemológicas y metodológicas
Authors: Jara Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2020

En la vida cotidiana las personas experimentamos los problemas sociales de manera integral, no de manera fragmentada. No sucede lo mismo en la enseñanza. Es por ello que resulta importante promover otras racionalidades que posibiliten construir otras prácticas educativas. La interdisciplinariedadinvita a establecer relaciones no jerárquicas y colaborativas, que aventuren nuevas oportunidades de aprendizaje, en la que la reflexión sobre problemas sociales pueda orientar la articulación de una realidad que escompleja.En este marco, el propósito de este escrito es ofrecer -a partir de una reflexión epistemológica y metodológica originada en el aporte de diversidad de lecturas y de experiencias situadas- pistas para pensar en un enfoque interdisciplinar en la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales y humanas. Recuperamos la perspectiva interdisciplinar para centraremos en uno de sus componentes: el pensamiento complejo que se caracteriza, fundamentalmente, por ser relacional e indisciplinado y que se desarrolla en la reflexión constante que nos permite tomar decisiones, en nuestro caso, sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales y humanas a partir de problemas sociales.
¿Qué sentido tiene la crisis de la COVID-19?
Authors: Prieto Ursúa María
Published: June 2020

Momentos históricos, ya lo sabemos; estamos viviendo momentos históricos. Estamos viviendo momentos confusos, acelerados, con novedades importantes cada día. Pero además de lo excepcional, esta experiencia tiene características que la hacen especialmente traumática.
20 lecciones que aprendí mientras vivimos confinados
Authors: Torre Javier de la
Published: June 2020

Hace sesenta años, Harper Lee publicó Matar a un ruiseñor donde narra su mirada cálida de niña de diez años hacia su familia y conciudadanos en una pequeña población de Alabama. En esas páginas, que alcanzaron pronto un notable éxito, se describe con claridad la pérdida de la inocencia de unos niños en mitad de un mundo de honestidad e injusticias, de ternura y prejuicios sociales, de igualdad y desigualdad.
Quedarse en casa para llegar muy lejos
Authors: AA. VV.
Published: June 2020

Una experiencia vital sin precedentes, los móviles y las pantallas, tan prohibidas con frecuencia, ahora son la norma. Energía encerrada, amigos a distancia, profes cuya voz se escucha en casa, sorpresas. Nueva vida familiar, colaboración, autonomía, contacto cotidiano, más sorpresas. ¿Cómo lo recordarán cuando haya pasado el tiempo? Ahora, todavía sin salir de casa, nos escriben sus sensaciones desde la Primaria hasta la Universidad. Hablan los estudiantes.
Uma entrevista com Henrique Mascarenhas Villela
Authors: Câmara Carlos Alexandre , Magno Dos Santos Alexandre , Ursi Weber , De Araújo Gurgel Júlio , Mascarenhas Villela Henrique
Published: June 2020

Quem conhece o professor Henrique Villela pessoalmente, e tem a oportunidade de ser seu amigo, sabe o quão cordial, inteligente e entusiasta é esse “carioca-baiano”, que orgulha o seu país, a sua região (de coração), o Nordeste, e a sua especialidade, a Ortodontia. Henrique (acho que posso chamá-lo assim, pois tenho o privilégio da sua amizade) é um daqueles singulares especialistas que agregam três características que não são muito fáceis de se encontrar em um único indivíduo. Ele clinica, fala e escreve de uma maneira primorosa. Esses atributos, somados ao seu espírito indagador e inovador, também foram responsáveis pelo seu interesse nas mecânicas ortodôntica auxiliadas pela ancoragem esquelética e pela sua extensa divulgação em periódicos e eventos científicos. Como um dos precursores dos mini-implantes intra-alveolares, o professor Henrique Villela, similarmente, expandiu a sua atenção e expertise para os mini-implantes extra-alveolares e MARPE, mantendo o mesmo padrão de excelência clínica e professoral desenvolvido desde o início da sua jornada, no relevante e espetacular mundo da ancoragem feita por “pequenos parafusos”. Nesta entrevista, realizada por seus pares (renomados ortodontistas brasileiros), de indiscutível e reconhecida qualidade clínica e acadêmica, o caro leitor terá a oportunidade de se aprofundar um pouco mais no conhecimento do profissional que é generoso com os amigos e zeloso com a profissão. Carlos Alexandre Câmara (coordenador da entrevista)
Biomecânica craniofacial da disjunção palatina: expansor modificado tipo MARPE
Authors: Chávez Sevillano Manuel Gustavo
Published: June 2020

A atresia da maxila é uma alteração morfo- lógica frequente em Ortodontia, e a técnica de expansão, ou disjunção, palatina é feita com facilidade em crianças. Porém, em adolescentes e adultos jovens, a dificuldade aumenta e são necessárias forças maiores para vencer a resistência das suturas craniofaciais. O uso de mini-implantes é adotado com maior frequência visando esse objetivo e tem demonstrado sucesso clínico. No entanto, a intensidade, os efeitos e a abrangência das forças fornecidas pelo aparelho disjuntor sobre as estruturas anatômicas profundas devem ser conhecidos pelos ortodontistas. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar e discutir considerações anatômicas em uma disjunção palatina e os possíveis efeitos biomecânicos que podem acontecer sobre as estruturas craniofaciais. A proposta de um expansor modificado que poderia ser adaptado aos protocolos já existentes é também apresentada.
Instalação virtual dos aparelhos: para que serve?
Authors: B. André Cristiane
Published: June 2020

As características anatômicas da maxila podem interferir diretamente na confecção dos aparelhos sobre mini- parafusos. Para solucionar esse problema, foi criada uma técnica chamada MARPE Guide. Essa técnica aumenta as chances de sucesso quando utilizamos a técnica MARPE (Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expander), visto que: por meio da sobreposição do arquivo da tomografia computadorizada ao arquivo do escaneamento intrabucal, conseguimos identificar os acidentes anatômicos e realizar mensurações de alta precisão para a escolha do sítio de instalação, tamanho dos miniparafusos e correto posicionamento espacial do torno expansor.
Como confeccionar um sliding jig apoiado em mini-implante para distalização simultânea de dois dentes
Authors: De Faria Santos Renata , Duarte Caldas Luciana , Franzotti Sant’anna Eduardo , Dominguez Gladys Cristina
Published: June 2020

A ancoragem esquelética ampliou a possibilidade de realizar distalizações sem que seja necessário depender da colaboração dos pacientes, e é frequentemente utilizada na prática clínica com o intuito de prevenir efeitos colaterais indesejados. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever, passo a passo, como confeccionar um cursor apoiado em mini-implante que, pelo seu desenho diferenciado, permite a distalização de mais de um dente por vez.
O braquete descolou: o que fazer? Estudo laboratorial
Authors: Carvalho Ariane Fernanda , Agner Busato Mauro Carlos , Carneiro Hirata Francielle , Ceron Hartmann Giovani , Do Monte Ribeiro Busato Priscilla
Published: June 2020

OBJETIVO: comparar in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes metálicos e o índice de adesivo remanescente, após recolagem de braquetes novos e dois métodos de reciclagem. MÉTODOS: foram colados braquetes ortodônticos à superfície vestibular de 45 dentes bovinos, os quais foram cisalhados em máquina universal de ensaio EMIC. Em seguida, criaram-se três grupos: Grupo 1) braquetes novos; Grupo 2) braquetes reciclados com broca multilaminada; Grupo 3) braquetes reciclados com óxido de alumínio. Novamente foram cisalhados e obtidos valores de resistência adesiva (RA). Cada superfície de esmalte foi classificada de acordo com os escores do Índice de Adesivo Remanescente (ARI, Adhesive Remnant Index). As comparações foram feitas intra e intergrupos, com testes estatísticos específicos para cada variável. RESULTADOS: analisando a RA, verificou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, sendo o Grupo 2 inferior (p < 0,05). Os resultados de ARI nos diferentes grupos mostraram diferença estatística (p < 0,05). Os grupos com braquetes recondicionados apresentaram um padrão de falhas com predominância de escores 2 e 3. A comparação da RA intragrupos atestou que há uma tendência de aumento na resistência no grupo de colagem de braquete novo, enquanto nos grupos de recondicionamento houve uma manutenção da RA. CONCLUSÃO: houve uma tendência de aumento na resistência no Grupo 1. A resistência adesiva de braquetes novos e recondicionados com jateamento por óxido de alumínio foi melhor do que o recondicionamento com broca. Os resultados do ARI mostraram que houve diferença entre os grupos, com uma maior quantidade de adesivo remanescente quando houve reciclagem.
Björn Ludwig
Authors: WERTHEIMER Mark , DALCI Oyku , NALBANTGIL Didem , BOUSERHAL Joseph , FABER Jorge , Ludwig Björn
Published: June 2020

A Ortodontia contemporânea tem sido muito influenciada por entusiastas alemães que alinharam toda a tradição da engenharia e da tecnologia alemã com a arte e a ciência de tratar pessoas. Essa combinação culminou em uma série de inovações que têm permitido tratamentos melhores e mais amigáveis aos pacientes. Dr. Björn Ludwig é um desses entusiastas. Ele tem atuado em importantes frentes que estão na fronteira do conhecimento e que marcam a especialidade nesse início do século 20; aparelhos desenhados por CAD/CAM, a influência do tratamento ortodôntico na apneia do sono e 3D imaging são alguns desses campos. A leitura dessa entrevista é como passar os olhos no astrolábio e na bússola, permitindo, respectivamente, vislumbrar nossa localização na evolução da especialidade, e nosso trajeto futuro.
Tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II com padrão vertical de crescimento com mini-implante na região da crista infrazigomática
Authors: Lizarelli BENTO Patricia Fabíola , MACLUFFILHO Eduardo , AZENHA Claudio Rodrigues , MERHY Pedro Medeiros
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: o tratamento da Classe II com padrão vertical de crescimento sempre foi um grande desafio para o ortodontista. Nos últimos anos, as mecânicas intrusivas ancoradas em miniplacas ou em mini-implantes vêm ganhando expressão e se tornando cada vez mais populares, devido à praticidade e à eficiência provenientes da ancoragem esquelética. DESCRIÇÃO: a Classe II vertical é marcada pelo envolvimento da maxila que, ao crescer verticalmente de forma excessiva, desloca a mandíbula para baixo, induzindo-a a uma rotação horária capaz de criar uma relação de Classe II dentária e esquelética. No presente artigo, discutiremos o uso de mini-implante inserido na crista infrazigomática para tratamento de paciente com Classe II vertical, por meio da intrusão da região dos molares superiores. RESULTADOS: essa técnica extra-alveolar, viabilizando a intrusão dentária, provoca a rotação mandibular no sentido anti-horário, pois elimina o fulcro posterior. CONCLUSÕES: a técnica é bastante eficaz, porque permite alcançar resultados satisfatórios com mínima colaboração do paciente.
Placa de contenção com batente anterior (PCBA): uma abordagem para contenção em pacientes do Padrão Face Curta
Authors: DOSSANTOS Alexandre Magno , ROCHA Andrea Damasceno , BORGES Fernanda Tavares , HOLZ Isabella Simões , ALMEIDA PEDRIN Renata Rodrigues
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico talvez seja, entre as metas a serem alcançadas, a de mais difícil obtenção, principalmente em pacientes do Padrão Face Curta com sobremordida aumentada. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever o caso clínico de uma paciente adulta com Padrão Face Curta e com relação sagital de Classe II, submetida ao tratamento ortodôntico associado ao avanço mandibular. Após o período ativo de tratamento, um recurso de contenção não convencional foi proposto: a placa de contenção com batente anterior (PCBA), que visa neutralizar os efeitos nocivos da atividade dos músculos faciais e mastigatórios, manter o alinhamento dos dentes anteriores e estabilizar a sobremordida. RESULTADOS: Ao fim do tratamento, foi observada a correção da Classe II, bem como a melhora da birretrusão dentária da paciente. A PCBA foi utilizada como protocolo de contenção, e a manutenção dos resultados foi observada no período pós-tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A PCBA pode ser utilizada para promover relaxamento muscular e manter a nova dimensão vertical alcançada com o tratamento ortodôntico. Dessa forma, a PCBA parece uma opção viável para a contenção, especialmente nos pacientes com padrão de crescimento horizontal e Face Curta.
Fluxo de trabalho digital no tratamento ortopédico de Classe III com ancoragem esquelética
Authors: da CUNHA Taís de Morais Alves , BARBOSA Inessa da Silva , AMARAL Carol Silva , LEITE Bruna Lopes , MASCARENHAS Gustavo Mota , OLIVA Marcos Andrade
Published: June 2020

A discrepância maxilomandibular de Classe III tende a se agravar com o crescimento craniofacial, culminando na indicação para cirurgia ortognática. O tratamento precoce da Classe III esquelética é desafiador, visto que frequentemente apresenta prognóstico desfavorável, com elevada taxa de recidiva. A utilização de ancoragem óssea potencializa os efeitos esqueléticos e minimiza as compensações dentoalveolares. Encontram-se na literatura diversos protocolos fazendo uso de mini-implantes e miniplacas com o intuito de tornar esse tratamento mais efetivo, previsível e estético. A aplicação da tecnologia digital na Ortodontia pode contribuir para a maior precisão dos aparelhos ortodônticos, facilitando a execução de etapas clínicas e promovendo maior conforto aos pacientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é revisar a literatura recente e demonstrar o fluxo de trabalho digital com a utilização de mini-implantes no tratamento precoce da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética.
Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance
Authors: Lemieux Daniel J. , Keegan Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Description

Get 20 peer-reviewed papers from international building experts from both the public and private sectors.

This book includes the latest research on building science and the physics of building enclosure _x000D_ and whole-building performance, including testing and assessment of building envelope heat, air, and moisture transfer, energy use, and our environment. Learn more about

The papers featured were presented at the first joint symposium of ASTM International Committees D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and E06 on Performance of Buildings held in 2018.
Thermal Bridging and Linear Thermal Transmittance Calculations for Balconies
Authors: Ghobadi Mehdi , Cingel Josip , Lacasse Michael A.
Published: June 2020

The thermal performance of building envelopes can be significantly affected by thermal bridging. Thermal bridges are localized areas of high heat flow through walls, roofs, and other insulated building envelope components. Thermal bridging is caused by highly conductive elements that penetrate the thermal insulation or misaligned planes of thermal insulation (or both) within the building envelope. These paths allow heat flow to bypass the insulating layer and thereby reduce the effectiveness of the insulation. The architectural look of exposed slab edges and protruding balconies or eyebrow elements in contemporary buildings is becoming increasingly common; however, the impact of floor slab edges and balconies on the thermal performance of the building is not well regulated. In this study, the impact of adding a balcony to a wood frame wall assembly was studied experimentally. Two wood frame wall assemblies were tested in the National Research Council’s guarded hot box test facility in Ottawa, ON, in accordance with ASTM C1363-19, Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot Box Apparatus. The first test included a wall assembly without a balcony. The second test consisted of a wall assembly with a balcony. The linear transmittance value was calculated for the balcony. COMSOL Multiphysics software was also employed to model the wall assemblies, and the results from the three-dimensional simulations are included.
Building Physics of HVAC Interaction with Enclosure Systems and People
Authors: Totten Paul E. , Metzler Charlotte
Published: June 2020

Many building types are designed, especially in the commercial office field, as a cold dark shell where interior tenant fit-out will occur later. Many aspects of the fit-out, such as final heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system layout, partition wall locations, and the location of larger assembly spaces like conference rooms or other amenities, may not be fully defined at the same time as the core and shell. If tenant spaces are designed separately from the core and shell, the disconnect between the two designs may unintentionally impact the comfort of the interior space where it does not perform at a high level. As people utilize and move through the space, they are constantly being impacted by the building physics of the interior environment. This includes moisture and heat transfer across their skin. Clothing and footwear can impact a person’s overall comfort within the space based on how heat transfers through these and, in some cases, on moisture load within the space. System furniture, layout of structure, and HVAC system type and distribution can also affect a person’s comfort by adversely impacting the intended building enclosure performance. As the art and science of building design becomes more complex, it is necessary for designers to maintain a suitable proficiency in both these spheres and understand how different building systems interact. The wealth of scientific and technical data relating to the performance of buildings is one of contemporary architecture’s primary assets. This paper will cover the aspects of heat, air, and moisture transfer that impact our built environment and the interaction of HVAC with interior spaces, enclosure systems, and people. The authors will use examples from several projects to identify the concerns and practical solutions that can be implemented to improve a person’s comfort within interior spaces.
BECx: A Case Study for Lessons Learned
Authors: Giblin Patrick G. , Cassin Elizabeth O. , Meyers Larry R. , Ames Chelsea F.
Published: June 2020

Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) is a quality-oriented process intended to verify that a building enclosure’s design and construction meet the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR). The BECx process also helps to enhance the performance of building enclosure components and assemblies through technical assistance provided by the BECx Provider (BECxP) to the project team. However, without proper execution or integration into the project, BECx can be an underutilized tool. For instance, the BECxP may be introduced to the project after the design and project budget have been established, thereby narrowing the opportunities to provide technical recommendations to the project team on design alternatives that more efficiently meet the OPR. Additionally, the full project team must be committed to and active in the process to realize its full benefit. In some cases, the BECx process is viewed as a box to check and the BECxP is not wholly integrated into the project team. Finally, recommendations made by the BECxP may be construed as undermining decisions made by other project stakeholders. This paper will discuss the challenges to full integration of BECx into a project and, through a recently completed case study example, will illustrate successes, failures, and lessons learned regarding the BECx process. Key milestones in the BECx process will be discussed to illustrate where the project fell short of expectations and where potential issues were successfully addressed through recommendations by the BECxP and responsive actions by the project team. We will identify how the BECx process affected design and construction details such as window-to-wall interfaces, air and water control layer detailing, and roofing, some of which were successful and some of which fell short of expectations. The BECx team will share lessons learned from this case study that are now being utilized to improve the process for its projects moving forward.
Ventilation and Moisture Control in Architectural Metal Panel Roofing Systems
Authors: Olson Eric K. , Nicastro Anthony J.
Published: June 2020

Architectural metal roofing systems (AMRS) are considered to be a very durable type of steep-slope roofing system. Architectural metal roofing systems are commonly used in compact or unvented roofing assemblies over moisture-susceptible, nailable wood-based substrates placed directly over or laminated to rigid insulation or over nailable roof decks with spray-applied air- and vapor-impermeable polyurethane foam (SPUF) insulation applied directly to the underside of the deck. Use of AMRS without ventilation to relieve trapped moisture within the compact roofing assembly is commonplace, but under certain conditions, this practice can be risky. As is the case with most roofing systems, water trapped within roofing systems can lead to problems such as corrosion of fasteners and degradation of the substrate and supporting structural elements. Potential sources of water or moisture intrusion are many and can include intrusion of warm, humidified indoor air into the roofing system and condensation on cold surfaces, water leakage through the roofing system, or water entry during construction. Without adequate ventilation to relieve moisture, water trapped in the system can quickly cause damage to the underlying materials in the roof system. Ventilation of roofs over uninsulated decks and attic space is straightforward and commonly practiced, particularly when asphalt shingles are used. However, compact roof assemblies and assemblies with insulation above the deck require more sophisticated solutions that consider airflow continuity, placement of air and vapor retarders, and an understanding of the hygroscopic performance of the roofing system. This paper examines what makes architectural metal panel roof systems different from other systems in terms of construction techniques and moisture management, and it presents case studies and computer-based modeling of moisture flow to illustrate the need for ventilation. The authors discuss factors that increase the risk of moisture problems in AMRS and present effective design methods for ventilating and mitigating moisture in these roofing systems. Adequate protection of these systems from the effects of internal moisture using proper ventilation can help provide a robust, durable, and resilient AMRS.
Evaluating the Impact of Moisture Content on Thermal Resistance of Mass Masonry Wall Assemblies
Authors: Cyphers Rex A. , Knorowski Jodi M.
Published: June 2020

The thermal resistance of a wall assembly is one of the key factors that is considered when evaluating the contribution of the building envelope to the overall energy performance of new and existing buildings. The conductivity and thickness of the building materials comprising the wall assembly are used to determine the theoretical thermal resistance of a given wall assembly. While the thickness of the materials is generally unchanged, the conductivity of the material will vary depending on its exposure to moisture. The moisture content of a building material can be impacted by direct exposure to bulk water, such as during a rain event, or also through the transmission of water vapor. Because water will conduct heat at a greater rate than most building materials, an increase in moisture content within a wall assembly will result in a decrease in the overall thermal resistance. Published data for the thermal resistance of typical building materials do not account for changes in moisture content. Over time, the thermal resistance of a wall assembly will fluctuate and may not be captured accurately based on current design and modeling methodologies. Field data were collected for existing mass masonry wall assemblies using an assortment of data logging instrumentation to measure the in situ thermal resistance and moisture profile across the wall assembly. These data were analyzed to determine the impact that periods with elevated moisture levels within the wall assembly had on the measured R-value.
Energy Codes and Standards: Do They Reflect Best Practice in Building Envelope Performance?
Authors: Fu Tat S. , Der Ananian Jason S. , Gabby Brent A.
Published: June 2020

Energy codes and standards allow multiple paths for compliance. This paper addresses the prescriptive approach only, which stipulates minimum R-values of building enclosure insulation, fenestration thermal performance requirements, and maximum building envelope air leakage rates. Recent changes within energy codes and standards commonly reflect a “more is better” strategy regarding building envelope performance (e.g., wall and roof insulation). However, is this a sound strategy due to the diminishing energy savings as the building envelope performance improves (e.g., increasing minimum R-values)? This paper considers recent trends in energy codes and standards in the context of an energy modeling case study of an existing office building. The paper will discuss the results of parametric studies on a validated building energy model with different roof insulation minimum R-values, as well as building envelope air leakage rates and window glazing types. The case study building is an 86,400 ft2 single-story office building located in Climate Zone 5 (near Boston, MA) with a recently renovated building envelope that included new roofing, wall cladding, and windows. This building’s energy model was calibrated by incorporating data from a quantitative whole-building air leakage test, an on-site weather station, and metered energy consumption of electric and mechanical systems. The paper examines the following variables with respect to the predicted heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)-related energy consumption: roof insulation minimum R-values, building envelope air leakage rates, window glazing types (e.g., single-, double- or triple-pane glazing, low-E coating types), and window-to-wall ratios. Finally, this paper compares the cost implications of some of these variables. While the lessons learned from this study can be applied to new construction, the results of this study are more applicable to renovations of existing buildings and their envelope systems.
Predicted Thermal and Hygrothermal Improvements for a Mid-Twentieth-Century Brutalist Landmark
Authors: Vigener Niklas W. , Nicastro Anthony J.
Published: June 2020

The Hirshhorn Museum, opened in 1974, is a landmark of Brutalist architecture and serves as the Smithsonian Institution’s museum of contemporary and modern art. In its time, the building, a squat concrete donut, nearly windowless on the exterior and elevated over a courtyard by four massive piers, was a controversial addition to a landscape of stately and monumental “traditional” museums. After more than forty years in service, the building is experiencing performance issues that are part and parcel of its 1970s’ technology: Its energy performance is poor by contemporary standards, and the mechanical humidification required to preserve its collection causes wintertime condensation on building enclosure components. While these issues can be ameliorated or resolved with contemporary technology, the Hirshhorn’s peculiar geometry and immutable architecture place limits on the addition of contemporary materials and equipment. Potential trade-offs include appearance changes, disruption of the collection, reduction in usable space and, of course, cost. The Smithsonian Institution is dedicated to preserving this architectural landmark and is assessing options for performance upgrades to the building but requires quantitative as well as qualitative information to support its decision-making. Using the building science–based options analysis for the Hirshhorn’s enclosure as an example, the paper will work through a technical analysis and decision-making process, including: identification of required enclosure repairs to address performance issues; comparison of building science modeling tools to determine the cause of condensation and its extent, and correlation with field observations; analysis of building enclosure alterations to improve energy performance; establishment of minimum improvements to resolve wintertime condensation; and qualitative assessment of air and thermal barrier improvements and their potential to reduce energy consumption.
The Problem of Russophobia in the Historiosophy of Fedor Tyutchev
Authors: Tarasov Boris N.
Published: June 2020

The article makes the first ever attempt to carry out a systematic examination, based on the historical, publicistic, poetic and epistolary body of work of Tyutchev, of the interrelation of different levels and aspects of the concept of “Russophobia”, introduced by the poet. His fundamental concern with the hierarchic relation of Christian ontology and anthropology, with historical processes, with different results of dynamics of the theocentric and anthropocentric perception of existence and history in Russia and in the West is emphasized. It is shown in the article how the analysis of the religious, historical, cultural, anthropological mainstays leads Tyutchev, in his own way, to Pushkin’s conclusion that the history of Russia, as compared to the history of Europe, needs a “different thought, different formula”. It’s demonstrated how different interpretations of those mainstays cause issues, discords.