bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Block Party: Election Canvassing in Suburbia
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: January 2013

House-to-house canvassing is the epitome of routinized labor: you knock on the doors the campaign’s algorithms determine you should knock on; campaign officials ask you to follow a “script” they have tested in polls and focus groups. Efficiency is paramount. You avoid having long conversations; the more contacts you make, the more votes you have a chance to win. Still, it can be a surprisingly enlightening experience. At least during the 2012 campaign, it was for me.

Last fall, I spent several days, armed with a clipboard and a stack of glossy leaflets, walking around suburban neighborhoods located 2,700 miles apart. In Prince William County, Virginia, half-an-hour’s drive from Washington, DC (except during rush hour), I volunteered on weekends to get the vote out for Barack Obama. Then I traveled to Sacramento Country, California, where I canvassed for Ami Bera, a progressive Indian American Democrat running for Congress against the conservative GOP incumbent, Dan Lungren, a powerful committee chairman. Paternal pride and affection inspired the trip out west; my son had a job as Bera’s field director.
Love in the Time of Privatization
Authors: Erickson Megan
Published: January 2013

A professional engineer who applies project management strategies to her search for love; an event planner who designs weddings that pay tribute to the singular story of a couple’s romance, a story she will also write for them; a businessman whose firm suggests his wife and children complete a performance review of him as a parent to determine how he can be a better father—and therefore happier, and therefore more productive. These are the subjects of Arlie Russell Hochschild’s brilliant but flawed The Outsourced Self: Intimate Life in Market Times, a study of the commodification of family, friendship, and love that falls somewhere between scholarly analysis and pop sociology. If you’ve ever wondered what kind of party someone who specializes in “message platform and rebranding” would throw, read on.

Hochschild first coined the term emotional labor to describe the exchange of a socially desirable performance (“Just smile, honey”) for a paycheck. Her landmark 1988 work, The Second Shift, examined the stalled revolution that made employment outside of the home mainstream for American women while leaving them with the lion’s share of housework. A spiritual sequel to The Second Shift, The Outsourced Self is about the psychological and financial contortions that people go through to make the free market work in practice as well as in theory. Fortunately, it’s not the brooding misadventure in psychoanalysis that the title may suggest.
Opportunity Costs: The True Price of Internships
Authors: Schwartz Madeleine
Published: January 2013

Every summer, thousands of interns descend on New York City in order to work for nothing. They flow into empty dorm rooms or onto friends’ sofas to sleep, burrow unnoticed into illegal sublets and surf couches longterm. At work, they occupy desks and offices recently vacated by laid-offs. They file papers, get coffee, and try to make themselves noticed, but not too much so.

No one knows how many of these interns there are, partly because much of their unsalaried work is illegal and therefore covert. Interns as a whole are having a cultural moment: the intern appears on television and in gossip magazines; there are celebrity interns and luxury internships for sale. MTV’s reality show The Hills took as its premise that young, beach-blond Angelenos were sick of tanning by the ocean—they wanted internships instead. Kanye West, whose earnings as of May 2012 were $35 million a year, recently completed an internship at the Italian luxury fashion house of Fendi. But the intern’s overall place in the workforce is largely unclear. Legally obscure and professionally meek, interns are difficult to classify because their position requires invisibility. One of the intern’s great skills is not to cause a fuss, not to raise any trouble.
Women and Power in the Wisconsin Uprising
Authors: Buhle Mari Jo
Published: January 2013

When Wisconsin governor Scott Walker opened his assault on collective bargaining in February 2011, few people realized it would open the door to the election of Tammy Baldwin to the U.S. Senate in November 2012. Baldwin, the first woman to represent Wisconsin in the Senate and the first openly gay senator in U.S. history, had been backed by many women’s organizations since her first run for Congress in 1998, but Walker’s successful attempt to roll back the collective bargaining rights of 360,000 public sector workers brought together an unprecedented coalition of labor and women’s groups.

Walker’s bill, WI Act 10, exempted some unions—those of safety workers, the police, state troopers, and firefighters—whose members were mainly men. Instead, it focused on unions where women predominated—teachers, health workers, and public sector clerical workers. Nationally, by 2011, women represented 57 percent of the public-sector work force. Over 80 percent of teachers, nationally and in Wisconsin, were female, and 90 percent at the elementary level were women. In 2010, there were 54,510 registered nurses employed in Wisconsin; 95 percent of them were women.
A Charter for the 99 Percent
Authors: Gitlin Todd
Published: January 2013

After November 6, 2012, the big sound rippling around the world was not a chorus of bipartisanship, not a whoop of euphoria, but a collective sigh of relief. Still, it must not be forgotten that nearly half of America’s voters were sulking. The party that represents them with retrograde doctrine skulks and schemes to tie President Barack Obama up in knots. Thanks to gerrymandering, it controls the House. Thanks to its bulldozer strategy of automatic filibusters, it will obstruct a Senate majority if it can. The battles over plutocracy and government will continue.

Now, the next phase of a 99 percent movement needs to get—and keep—busy. Why do I say “next phase”? Because the Occupy movement that came about in 2011 has, for now, most likely accomplished close to its maximum, given its style of organization. In effect, whatever its evenhanded contempt for conventional politics, Occupy did great good work for Obama and the progressive cause. Not least, the movement had the effect of encouraging Obama to run a head-on campaign against a vulture capitalist. Whether he follows through depends not only on his resolve and acumen but on the wind at his back.
Caring on Stolen Time: A Nursing Home Diary
Authors: JOMO Jom
Published: January 2013

I work in a place of death. People come here to die, and my co-workers and I care for them as they make their journeys. Sometimes these transitions take years or months. Other times, they take weeks or some short days. I count the time in shifts, in scheduled state visits, in the sham monthly meetings I never attend, in the announcements of the “Employee of the Month” (code word for best ass-kisser of the month), in the yearly pay increment of 20 cents per hour, and in the number of times I get called into the Human Resources office.

The nursing home residents also have their own rhythms. Their time is tracked by scheduled hospital visits; by the times when loved ones drop by to share a meal, to announce the arrival of a new grandchild, or to wait anxiously at their bedsides for heart-wrenching moments to pass. Their time is measured by transitions from processed food to pureed food, textures that match their increasing susceptibility to dysphagia. Their transitions are also measured by the changes from underwear to pull-ups and then to diapers. Even more than the loss of mobility, the use of diapers is often the most dreaded adaptation. For many people, lack of control over urinary functions and timing is the definitive mark of the loss of independence.
Our Parks Are Not for Sale: From the Gold Coast of New York to the Venice Biennale
Authors: Ulam Alex
Published: January 2013

City agencies in New York are not allowed to take money from the Mafia, and most philanthropic organizations don’t want gangsters at their galas. But there is a long tradition of shady financiers buying respectability through charitable gifts to public causes. Such is the case with hedge fund billionaire John Paulson, who in 2012 made a $100 million gift to the Central Park Conservancy, the prominent charitable organization responsible for the day-to-day maintenance and operation of the park.

Paulson is infamous for increasing his already substantial fortune on Goldman Sachs deals, under which investors allegedly were duped into buying securities that were designed to fail. One of these deals was the subject of an SEC lawsuit that led to the investment bank’s settling for $550 million, one of the largest settlements ever with a financial institution. Although Paulson was not charged with wrongdoing, according to the SEC lawsuit, Goldman allowed him to secretly design and bet against the securities that the bank sold to investors who lost money when the housing market tanked.
History Returns, with a Vengeance
Authors: Avineri Shlomo
Published: January 2013

In March 1990, I served as a member of an international team of observers to the first postcommunist elections in Hungary. It was a heady experience to bear witness to the crumbling of a totalitarian system and the dramatic, yet peaceful, emergence of a democratic transition.

One episode from that period: while walking along the fashionable Vaci utca pedestrian mall in downtown Budapest, I noticed numerous street vendors selling maps showing the pre-1914 borders of Hungary. This map included present day Slovakia, as well as Transylvania (now part of Romania) and parts of Ukraine, Yugoslavia, and even Austria. I knew that for Hungarians the peace treaty imposed by the Allied victors at Trianon in 1920 was a ruthless diktat that broke up their historical homeland.
An Election Won with Class
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: January 2013

Soon after Barack Obama won a second term with surprising ease, Pulitzer-Prize-winning artist Clay Bennett, depicted a wealthy, white-haired man staring grimly at his television screen while around and behind him four servants, white and black, go about their jobs with big smiles on their faces.

For many Americans on the left, the outcome of the 2012 election brought more relief than satisfaction. They had supported and some had campaigned for Barack Obama and other Democrats because they were horrifi ed by the prospect of a nation ruled and ruined by Mitt Romney and his GOP. But a president whom four years ago they had hoped would begin a new era of far-reaching reform now seemed just another lesser evil, albeit one who had managed to thrash a right-wing coalition whose economic ideology harked back to the glory days of Calvin Coolidge.
The Second Elevation of the Novel: Race, Form, and the Postrace Aesthetic in Contemporary Narrative
Authors: Saldívar Ramón
Published: January 2013

A new generation of minority and ethnic writers has come to prominence whose work signals a radical turn to a "postrace" era in American literature. Like Virginia Woolf ironically identifying the beginning of the modern era "on or about December 1910," Colson Whitehead, in an Op-Ed piece in the New York Times in 2009, marked the anniversary of the election of the first black man to the presidency of the United States by proclaiming that "One year ago . . . we officially became a postracial society." I will return to Whitehead momentarily, especially in reference to three of his novels, The Intuitionist (1998), John Henry Days (2001), and Zone One (2011). For the moment, however, I wish first to set the context for my appraisal of what I am calling here a "postrace aesthetic" in contemporary narrative.
Authority, the Newspaper, and Other Media, including J.M. Coetzee's Summertime
Authors: Macaskill Brian
Published: January 2013

These pages seek to simulate the score of a contrapuntal composition that plays across three imbricated voice-parts as though it were some sort of fugue. By such gesture, music presents itself here among other media. Etymologically derived from fugere and fugare , to flee and to pursue, fugue has since the renaissance been imagined as a product of simultaneous composition along vertical and horizontal axes. In its call and response articulation among (here three) parts, such composition is always imitative. These pages thus imitate and contrapuntally respond to the call in J.M. Coetzee's fiction, especially after the "Plunk-Plink-Plonk" of banjo in Disgrace , and the polyphonic page presentation in Diary of a Bad Year .
Romulus and Remus or Just Neighbours?: A Study of Demographic Changes and Social Dynamics in Italy and Spain
Authors: Martín-García Teresa
Published: January 2013

The inclusion of Italy and Spain within the same label of " familistic systems" has proved to be theoretically and empirically relevant to understand the individuals' demographic and reproductive behaviour in each country. However, the academic literature has mostly treated Italy and Spain as familistic in a very static way. Both countries have gone through deep-running changes regarding the family, women and the reproductive and employment decisions over their life course although the change has pershaps been more profound in Spain (in part due to different views and behaviours concerning the role of women that facilitate more rapid and divergent advancements towards gender equality and varied family forms in Spain). However, the so-called reorientation in Spain and inertia in Italy have had different levels of intensity and outcomes, the greatest being in attitudes, less so although still substantive in policy and the smallest in behaviours. However, the recession since 2007 may have obstructed further developments and pushed Spain a step back towards certain converging patterns again, at least in the two latter spheres: policy and behaviour.
Italy and Spain: Still the Case of Familistic Welfare Models?
Authors: León Margarita , Migliavacca Mauro
Published: January 2013

Italy and Spain are often labeled by the literature on comparative welfare as "familistic" welfare systems. Although it is not possible to find a unified criteria which defines and specifies what is meant by "familism" as a feature of a given welfare state model, generally speaking the term refers to the key role that the family plays in the overarching architecture of the welfare system, acting as the main provider of care and welfare for children and dependent individuals. This article will reflect on these questions by critically revising the framing of Southern European welfare states as "familistic" in the comparative welfare and care regimes literature. We will then look at trends of female labour force participation in Italy and Spain over the last two decades (1990-2010) in terms of the intensity of women's participation in the labour market and their prevailing pattern of participation for both countries. We will look at activity, employment and unemployment according to age, education level, civil status and number of children; and patterns of participation by looking at permanency in employment and type of contract (part-time/full-time and fixed-term). The idea here is to analyse the extent to which Italy and Spain have (or have not) made the transition from a 'male breadwinner model' (where women remain outside paid employment) towards a more diversified pattern of family formation with regards the labour market participation of women. The purpose will also be that of stressing divergences between these two countries in their evolution of their female labour force that may question their assumed similarities.
Do Women in Female-Dominated Occupations Exit the Labour Market More?: Evidence from Italy, Spain, Denmark and the UK
Authors: Guinea-Martin Daniel , Solera Cristina
Published: January 2013

Literature on sex occupational segregation has typically focused on the micro and macro determinants of it, on mobility patterns over the life course, on implications of segregation and mobility for gender inequalities. Rarely the link between sex-type of occupations and women's risk of labour market interruptions over family formation has been explored. In this article we analyse whether women who are working in female-dominated, male-dominated or integrated occupations have more or less chances to remain attached to the labour market, controlling for qualifications, class, sector and contract positions. By drawing from ECHP, and comparing Italy, Spain, Denmark and the UK, we consider whether the effect of the sex-type of occupations varies across countries with different institutional and cultural configurations. We find that, ceteris paribus , only in the UK the sex-composition of an occupation matters: women in female occupations are more likely to move to inactivity than women in mixed or male occupations. In the other countries considered the main determinants of women's labour market continuity lie elsewhere. In Italy what matters most is the sector of employment (public vs. private). In Spain the sector is relevant too, but also class and the type of contract held (permanent vs. temporary). In Denmark, where policies and culture universally support maternal employment, women's transitions to housework are largely independent of their human capital and their location in the labour market.
Family and Welfare State Reorientation in Spain and Inertia in Italy from a European Perspective
Authors: Naldini Manuela , Jurado Teresa
Published: January 2013

This article departs from previous comparative research on Spanish and Italian families and family policies, which focused on their similarities. Here the main thesis affirms that in the last two decades Spain has taken a new path away from the family/kinship model and towards a dual-earner family model. Different cohorts of Italians and Spaniards are compared with respect to their home-leaving behaviour, gender attitudes and their paid and unpaid work patterns. Italian inertia and Spanish changes are interpreted within the context of policies directed at small children, youth, conciliation policies and the frail elderly in order to evidence both countries divergences not only in family patterns but also in family policies. Spain's two-sided change towards a dual-earner family model is further valued in relation to the cases of France and Sweden and to the current economic crisis.
Fertility and Values in Italy and Spain: A Look at Regional Differences within the European Context
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Tavares Lara Patrício
Published: January 2013

Using data from the Eurostat Database and European Value Surveys we assess if recent fertility trends in Europe are associated with a change in values. A special emphasis is given to Spain and Italy that, together with the other Southern European countries, are often seen as a homogeneous group sharing the same 'traditional' values and demographic behaviours -as opposed to Scandinavian countries which are seen as progressive. We show that Italy and Spain are not that similar in terms of values. We also show that similarities at the country level with respect to TFR hide considerable variation at the regional level. We argue that an analysis at the regional level, as carried out here, is crucial to better understand changes in fertility levels. Our analyses provide evidence that recent fertility trends are associated with value dynamics, namely that the highest increases in TFR happened in regions where both individualism with respect to relationships and individual autonomy grew at the same time that individualism with respect to children diminished. We also provide empirical evidence in support of McDonald's theory that both gender equity in market-oriented and family-oriented institutions is necessary for fertility to rise.
The Breaking-Down of Marriage in Italy: Trends and Trendsetters
Authors: Gabrielli Giuseppe , Vignoli Daniele
Published: January 2013

During the last decades, since the mid-1970s, marriage has lost much of its centrality in Southern European Countries, such as Italy and Spain. However, the general incidence of consensual unions and marital disruption is still low compared to general European standards. Some scholars argue that the long tradition of a rigid familistic system in such countries will lay the phenomenon at very low levels. But our results reject a static picture of the Italian context and, despite persisting geographical differences, they confirm a rising breaking-down of marriage. Overall, our work places Italy at a crucial stage, in which the trends indicate a strong increase in divorce and consensual unions, and the new behaviours are no longer confined to certain trendsetters. Spain and Italy seem to be moving together in the European context.
Voluntary Childlessness in Southern Europe: The Case of Spain
Authors: Seiz Marta
Published: January 2013

Many post-industrial societies have seen not only a decline in fertility rates and a postponement of first births, but also an increase in voluntary childlessness. While Spain is no exception, the issue of why some women in this country choose to forego motherhood has received little attention. Drawing on the Spanish Survey on Fertility and Values (2006), this study analyzes the weight in the decision of three groups of variables having proven crucial for fertility behaviour. Individual socioeconomic circumstances related to the costs of motherhood, the delay in economic independence and union formation, and attitudinal work and family orientations prove all important; which indicates Spain's resemblance to other Western societies. Still, the particularly manifest relevance of a delayed transition to adulthood brings the Spanish case especially close to the Italian one; raising further questions on the fine line separating chosen from accepted childlessness in Southern Europe.
Women's Continuous Careers in Italy: The Education and Public Sector Divide
Authors: Solera Cristina , Bettio Francesca
Published: January 2013

Cross-sectional data on the role of education show that low-educated Italian women have one of the lowest rates of participation in Europe, and that their gap vis à vis the highly educated is very wide. Also wide is the gap in the shares, between high and low educated working women, of those employed in the public sector. By adopting a life-course perspective and using retrospective longitudinal data from the last wave of ILFI (2005), this study analyses how in Italy education and public employment differentiate women's entries into and exits from paid work, observing three cohorts of women born between 1945 and 1974 from the time they leave fulltime education to their forties. The findings confirm for Italy what has been shown for many other countries, namely that highly educated women have more continuous careers around motherhood than do low educated women, regardless of their occupational position, their contract, and their employment position in family-friendly sectors such as the public sector. However, we also find that in Italy highly educated women tend to be over-concentrated in the public sector and that, when they work in that sector, they tend to have more children and to bear them earlier compared with equally highly educated women in the private sector. In the Italian context where protection in the public sector has also been used as a surrogate measure for universal work-family reconciliation policies, and where traditional gender norms still persist, these results are consistent with the possibility that education is so important for women's labour market continuity because it represents an investment in 'reconciliation' and 'work legitimacy' over and above investment in human capital.
Do Women Working in the Public Sector Have it Easier to Become Mothers in Spain?
Authors: Martín-García Teresa , Castro-Martín Teresa
Published: January 2013

Previous studies claim that there are differences in fertility rates among working women that probably indicate varying career-arrangements due to differences in women's opportunity costs of a career break at childbirth by employment sector. Drawing on the Spanish Survey on Fertility and Values (2006), this study analyzes whether and to what extent public employment affects women's reproductive behavior (transition to first birth) in the Spanish context. Findings show that employed women experience higher opportunity costs of entering into motherhood but working women in environments which offer more long-term stability and favor the combination of work and family responsibilities, like public sector jobs, become mothers earlier than self-employed and private sector employees.
The Importance of How: Directing Shakespeare with Michael Chekhov’s Technique
Authors: Cornford Tom
Published: January 2013

In this article, Tom Cornford reflects on his experience of using approaches derived from Michael Chekhov's artistic technique to direct Shakespeare's plays. His account is contextualised with references to Chekhov's own writings and illustrated with examples of exercises developed specifically to address the challenges of finding a contemporary performance-vocabulary for Shakespeare. Cornford argues that, 'by concentrating our attention on the importance of how we work, Chekhov's technique is a means both of liberating and expanding the art of performance as well as of appreciating Shakespeare as a complete artist of the theatre.'
Shakespeare, Rehearsal and the Site-Specific
Authors: Escolme Bridget
Published: January 2013

This essay considers the rehearsal processes and productions that might be created by working with Shakespeare in non-theatrical space, and the meanings that might be produced by privileging space alongside (or even over) text and character in Shakespeare production. It argues that early modern drama lends itself particularly to such practices due to its material origins, in which acting companies such as Shakespeare's toured and performed at court as well as in the London theatres, meaning that their work, though generated with particular theatre buildings in mind, also had to be adaptable to a range of non-theatrical spaces. The essay suggests that the radically different rehearsal practices of the early modern period - in which anything approaching the modern sense of ensemble practice only took place in the theatre, in front of an audience - produced plays with a particular openness to space, architecture and audience: qualities that are, today, emphatically on display at Shakespeare's Globe in London. While acknowledging that the practical and economic considerations of today's rehearsal practices mean that most Shakespearean work is produced and rehearsed away from the site where it is eventually performed, encouraging particular kinds of discursive and hermeneutic practices in which text is privileged of text over space in the production of meaning, the essay argues not for "original practices" in Shakespeare rehearsal but rehearsal processes in which the material presence and the historically accrued meanings of the performance space make meaning of and intrude upon the text, as Shakespeare's work was bound to do.
Sampling the Media Habits of a Shakespeare Company: Testing a Software Prototype in Rehearsal
Authors: Rowe Katherine
Published: January 2013

This article draws upon a week of rehearsal observation with the American Shakespeare Centre (ASC) in Staunton, VA, during the testing process for an app prototype over the spring and summer of 2012. One of a strikingly small number of digital resources developed specifically with theatre companies in mind, the app - a mobile script tool with the working title 'MyShx' - is a proof-of-concept digital prompt-book designed to serve the collaborative needs of theatre practitioners during the rehearsal process. The article offers a brief account of the process of testing the app during the life-cycle of a play (in this case, Cymbeline) in production, and analyses its various challenges and uses by drawing on feedback given by the company members via web surveys and more informal discussions. It offers a consideration of the potential for digital resources to create archivable traces of the creative processes involved in making theatre (script edits, directors' notes, blocking plans, etc.), as well as the use of other resources, both analogue and digital, in rehearsal, providing insight into the heterogeneous practices of professionals dedicated to the pleasure and discipline of an essentially unstable medium. In doing so, it illuminates the parallels that may be drawn between the instability of live performance and software development, addressing the role of digitisation in intensifying existing questions concerning intellectual property, archiving, and re-use of a specific, material text.
Rehearsal: The Pleasures of the Flesh
Authors: Conkie Rob
Published: January 2013

This article argues that rehearsal potentially exceeds performance as a means of imaginative, affective and interpretive engagement with Shakespeare's plays. The argument is showcased through analysis of a rehearsal period for a production of Shakespeare's  Henry IV, Part 1 . Rehearsal is characterised as embodied and embedded repetition, a practice that affords intimate and unique engagement with the Shakespearean text. Moreover, rehearsal offers the opportunity, not just of repetition, but of variation, and thus the relative fixity of finished Shakespearean production is rendered more fluid by the varied experimentation-a production history all of itself-that rehearsal offers.
“Disciplined Improvisation” in the Rehearsal and Performance of Shakespeare: The Alternative Approach of Mike Alfreds
Authors: Rawlins Trevor
Published: January 2013

This article considers potential meanings for Mike Alfreds's description of theatre as 'disciplined improvisation' in the light of two plays directed by him at Shakespeare's Globe: Cymbeline (2001) and A Midsummer Night's Dream (2002). Rather than using the term 'improvisation' to connote entirely spontaneous performance, Alfreds sees his "improvisation" as being held within the boundaries set by a text, enabling the actor's performance to be both true to the script and also, as the title of his 2007 book puts it, Different Every Night. The article posits that this position locates Alfreds within the realm of alternative approaches to contemporary Shakespearean performance which, simultaneously, remains in keeping with the culturally dominant area of psychological realism while also locating itself within the oral tradition of theatre praxis. In focusing on his approach to the rehearsal process (and, by extension, the acting process) of the two Globe plays, the essay finds evidence of Stanislavsky's method of Active Analysis, along with the work of practitioners ranging from Littlewood to Chekhov, in Alfreds's stagecraft, firmly locating him in an eclectic, experimental and alternative British tradition. This, the article argues, markedly distinguishes Alfreds's approach to the rehearsal process from that of other Globe directors, in which the diligent blocking of actors' movements takes precedence over the spontaneity and uniqueness of each performance. Alfreds's preference for the latter, the essay suggests, facilitates an approach to Shakespearean performance which has the process of the actor at its centre, with the resultant performance left open to infinite possibilities.
The American Shakespeare Center’s “Actors’ Renaissance Season”: Appropriating Early Modern Performance Documents and Practices
Authors: Lenhardt Allison K.
Published: January 2013

Since 2005, the American Shakespeare Center's resident troupe has produced an "Actors' Renaissance Season" (or Ren Season) in which the actors, after a shortened rehearsal period, stage the plays without a director or design team. In addition, since 2006, and now for the majority of the Ren Season plays, the actors have experimented with memorizing their lines from individual parts, texts that provide the actors with their own lines and cues instead of the entire play. In personal interviews, Ren Season actors discuss the ASC troupe's process of cutting the text and creating actors' parts; rehearsing and performing with actors' parts, scene charts, and individual plots; and blocking the plays for performance. ASC actors' reliance upon and modification of original practices in rehearsals and performances have shaped an alternative rehearsal process that encourages ensemble members to be collaborative and independent as they fuse together early modern rehearsal systems with contemporary ones during the Ren Season.
Shakespeare and the Lecoq Tradition
Authors: Tunstall Darren
Published: January 2013

This essay describes how an actor trained in what I call 'the Lecoq tradition' may approach Shakespearean performance. After giving a brief context for Lecoq's influence, I indicate some ways in which the actor uses his or her body in a playful and rhythmically precise manner to construct and perform meanings in the theatre. I show how a conception of theatre as 'game' can be transposed into the dramatic dimension. The primary impulse behind Lecoq-influenced work is a search for form, and I discuss how this can reveal itself through an eclectic approach to style and genre that sometimes leads to accusations of 'intercultural tourism'. Examples of Lecoq-inflected practice are drawn from Shakespearean productions by Ariane Mnouchkine ( Richard II ) and Complicite ( The Winter's Tale, Measure for Measure ) as well as my own work for the University of Central Lancashire in Preston ( A Midsummer Night's Dream, Macbeth ). At the close, I reflect upon some of the issues at stake in the agendas and practices of the Lecoq tradition.
Representations of Ahmed Urabi: Hegemony, Imperialism, and the British Press, 1881–1882
Authors: Huffaker Shauna
Published: January 2013

Over the course of 1881–82, carefully constructed images of Ahmed Urabi became the face of the Anglo-Egyptian crisis in the British press. Images and descriptions of Urabi were portrayed to the British public as both the cause and symptom of the Egyptian people’s inability to govern themselves. Direct references to Urabi and his actions were framed by articles and illustrations that indirectly depicted Egypt and Egyptians in absolute opposition to British self-conceptions. The imagined Urabi constructed in the British press was central to contemporary British press accounts of events leading to the invasion of Egypt.
Playing Italian: Cross-Cultural Dress and Investigative Journalism at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Vorachek Laura
Published: January 2013

Cross-cultural dressing, a previously overlooked aspect of late Victorian investigative journalism, provided female reporters with the means and authority to carry out their investigations and enabled them to manipulate class- and gender-based assumptions about who had broad access to the streets of London. Ethnic attire allowed women to shed their “respectable” identities and subvert the social pressures that restricted middle-class women’s mobility in the city. Yet by publishing their articles in periodicals that combined investigative reporting of social issues with illustrations in a forum that promised to be suitable for middleclass family audiences, women were able to maintain their respectability. Their investigations highlighted the complex ways women could be both spectators and spectacles in the nineteenth century.
Reviving “Eva” of The Nation ?: Eva O’Doherty’s Young Ireland Newspaper Poetry
Authors: Novak Rose
Published: January 2013

Eva O’Doherty, or “Eva of the Nation ,” played a significant role in the mid-nineteenth-century Young Ireland movement as a frequent contributor to the radical Irish nationalist press. Through poetry and letters to the editor, she responded to the crisis of the Great Famine and urged unity among fellow nationalists in her call for violent revolution. Later in her life, O’Doherty’s poetry was republished, but her most militant verse was either revised or excluded from collections. Thus, we must examine her work in its original newspaper context to gain a clearer understanding of her role as a radical poet.
Religion, Readership, and the Periodical Press: The Place of Poetry in Good Words
Authors: Ehnes Caley
Published: January 2013

Focusing on the first three volumes of Good Words (1860–62), this essay examines how the periodical created its brand through the literary content and layout of these early volumes. Under its first editor, Norman Macleod, it redefined the nature of Sabbath reading through its editorial content, poetry, and layout. Looking at each of these elements in turn, this essay argues that the presentation of reading as a devotional act in Good Words effectively reformulated the popular genres of love poetry and nature poetry as devotional texts.
When Do Politicians Lie?
Authors: Armstrong-Taylor Paul
Published: January 2013

When do politicians lie? A politician who admits to wrongdoing will likely suffer some loss of popularity, but probably not as great as if he denied wrong doing and was subsequently discovered to have lied. This simple observation has a number of implications. For example, a politician in a marginal seat may have little choice but to risk lying as admitting will lose him too much popularity to survive. On the other hand, a politician in a relatively safe seat might survive the loss from admitting, but not from lying and being caught. Therefore we might predict the likelihood that a politician admits to a scandal to be positively related (over some range at least) to the security of his seat. This paper tests this prediction, and some others, with data from House bank scandal of 1991-92.
Testing for the Role of Prejudice in Emergency Departments Using Bounceback Rates
Authors: Anwar Shamena , Fang Hanming
Published: January 2013

We propose and empirically implement a test for the presence of racial prejudice among emergency department (ED) physicians based on the bounceback rates of patients discharged after receiving diagnostic tests during their initial ED visit. A bounceback is defined as a return to the ED within 72 hours of being initially discharged. Applying the test to administrative data of ED visits from California and New Jersey, we do not find evidence of prejudice against black and Hispanic patients, but we find evidence of prejudice against Asians in California. We also find evidence of prejudice against male patients.
The automorphism group of the generalized Giulietti–Korchmáros function field
Authors: Güneri Cem , Özdemiry Mehmet , Stichtenoth Henning
Published: January 2013

The Giulietti-Korchmáros (GK) function field is the first example of a maximal function field which is not a subfield of the Hermitian function field over the same constant field. The generalized GK function field Cn was later introduced by Garcia, Güneri and Stichtenoth and was shown to be maximal too. In the present article we determine the automorphism group of the generalized GK function field. We prove that all the automorphisms of Cn fix the unique rational place at infinity and they are exactly the lifts of automorphisms of the Hermitian subfield Hn ⊂ Cn which fix the infinite place of Hn
Influence of spurious hemolysis on blood gas analysis
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Fontana Rossana , Avanzini Paola , Sandei Franca , Ippolito Luigi
Published: January 2013

Background:Although the prevalence of hemolyzed samples referred for blood gas analysis is as high as 4%, no studies have assessed the bias introduced by spurious erythrocyte breakdown, nor it is known which parameters are mostly influenced and to what extent. This study was hence planned to assess the influence of spurious hemolysis on venous blood gas analysis.

Methods:Venous blood was collected from nine healthy volunteers in sodium heparin tubes and divided in two aliquots of 3 mL. The former aliquot was mechanically hemolyzed by aspiration with 0.5 mL insulin syringe equipped with 30 gauge needle. One milliliter of all aliquots was tested for hemoglobin, pH, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3–), oxygen tension at 50% hemoglobin saturation (p50), oxygen saturation (sO2), actual base excess (ABE), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), methemoglobin (metHb), ionized calcium (Ca2+) and potassium, on ABL800 flex. The remaining 2 mL of blood were centrifuged, plasma separated and tested for hemolysis index.

Results:The concentration of cell-free hemoglobin increased from <0.5 g/L to 8.9±1.5 g/L in hemolyzed aliquots. In hemolyzed blood, significant decreases were found for pH (−0.2%), pO2(−4.9%), sO2(−4.9%), COHb (−11%) and Ca2+(−7.0%), whereas significant increases were observed for pCO2(+4.1%), HCO3–(+1.4%) and potassium (+152%). Clinically meaningful bias was found for pO2, pCO2, Ca2+and potassium.

Conclusions:Spurious hemolysis is likely to introduce meaningful biases in blood gas analysis, hence manufacturers of blood gas analyzers should develop instrumentation capable of identifying interfering substances in whole blood. The presence of spurious hemolysis should also be suspected whenever test results do not reflect the clinics.
Rate and Mechanism of Reduction-Dissolution of Chromite in Liquid Slags
Authors: Demir Orhan , Eric Rauf Hurman
Published: January 2013

The dissolution of chromite from the Bushveld Complex of South Africa in liquid slags was studied in the temperature range 1550° to 1665°C under argon gas. The slag compositions were similar to those of ferrochromium production and stainless steel making. Empirical relations between the slag composition and the dissolution of chromite were established through the use of a statistical model. The dissolution process was investigated by using the rotating cylinder technique and measured by the chemical analysis of the samples taken from the melt and the SEM-EDAX analysis of the reacted chromite cylinder samples. The chromite grains were depleted in iron and chromium as the dissolution progressed, leaving behind an alumina and magnesia rich spinel. The experimental data was evaluated by using kinetic models and mass transfer coefficients of chromium, iron and oxygen ions through the phase boundary between the solid chromite cylinder and the liquid slag were determined.

The dissolution of chromite in liquid slags increases with increasing stirring rate. SEM-EDAX studies on the reacted chromite cylinders showed that coring took place within the chromite grains subjected to dissolution for sufficient length of time. Chromium and iron concentrations in the chromite were decreasing from the centre towards the surface of the grains while aluminum and magnesium contents were increasing at the edges compared to the centre of the chromite grains. Furthermore, the slag rich in alumina and magnesia diffuses in bulk into the chromite with a net result of increase in the concentration of these elements.

The rate of dissolution of chromite in liquid slags was found to be controlled by the mass transfer of oxygen ions (O2−) through the liquid phase boundary between the solid chromite and the liquid slag. The activation energy for the mass transfer of O2− ions was calculated as 30.61 kCal/mol (128.07 kJ/mol).
On the dimensions of PIM's
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Conchita , Willems Wolfgang
Published: January 2013

We discuss the structure of finite groups for which the projective indecomposable modules have special given dimensions. In particular, we prove the converse of Fong's dimension formula for
Unique determination of potentials and semilinear terms of
semilinear elliptic equations from partial Cauchy data
Authors: Imanuvilov Oleg , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: January 2013

For a semilinear elliptic equation, we prove
uniqueness results in determining potentials and semilinear terms
from partial Cauchy data on an arbitrary subboundary.
On a multidimensional integral equation with data supported by low-dimensional analytic manifolds
Authors: Kokurin Mikhali Y.
Published: January 2013

This paper is concerned with a 3D linear integral equation of the
first kind which arises when solving nonlinear coefficient inverse
problems for second order hyperbolic PDEs. We prove that the
integral equation has at most one solution when its right part is
given on appropriate analytic 2D and 1D manifolds. As compared to
known uniqueness theorems, the dimension of a smooth manifold
supporting problem data is decreased here from four to one. As
auxiliary results, we give examples of 1D analytic manifolds of
uniqueness and examples of minimal countable sets of uniqueness
for harmonic functions in 3D domains.
Spain retains its title and sets a new record – generalized linear mixed models on European football championships
Authors: Groll Andreas , Abedieh Jasmin
Published: January 2013

Nowadays many approaches that analyze and predict the results of football matches are based on bookmakers’ ratings. It is commonly accepted that the models used by the bookmakers contain a lot of expertise as the bookmakers’ profits and losses depend on the performance of their models. One objective of this article is to analyze the role of bookmakers’ odds together with many additional, potentially influental covariates with respect to a national team’s success at European football championships and especially to detect covariates, which are able to explain parts of the information covered by the odds. Therefore a pairwise Poisson model for the number of goals scored by national teams competing in European football championship matches is used. Moreover, the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach, which is a widely used tool for modeling cluster data, allows to incorporate team-specific random effects. Two different approaches to the fitting of GLMMs incorporating variable selection are used, subset selection as well as a Lasso-type technique, including an L1-penalty term that enforces variable selection and shrinkage simultaneously. Based on the two preceeding European football championships a sparse model is obtained that is used to predict all matches of the current tournament resulting in a possible course of the European football championship (EURO) 2012.
The impact of selected granulometric properties of poly(vinyl chloride) on the effectiveness of the extrusion process
Authors: Samujło Bronisław , Sikora Janusz W.
Published: January 2013

The article presents results of a study of the effect of selected granulometric features of plastified poly(vinyl chloride) granule on the basic parameters of extrusion. In the study, it was determined how mass polymer flow rate, power supplied to the extruder, power transmitted by the polymer, unit energy consumption, and energy efficiency of the extrusion process were related to pellet length and bulk pellet density. The tests were carried out using an extruder with a screw diameter of 25 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 25, and involved processing of pellets of different lengths at variable rotational speeds of the screw. It was established that the granulometric features of plastified poly(vinyl chloride) considered in this study, i.e., pellet length and pellet bulk density, affect the effectiveness of the extrusion process. It was shown that best effectiveness of extrusion is achieved with the use of a granule characterized by a pellet length that is close to the other characteristic dimension of granule – its pellet diameter.