bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison and Evaluation of Outcomes of Ureteroscopy and Stone Laser Fragmentation in Extremes of Age Groups (≤10 Years and ≥80 Years of Age): A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of over 15 Years from 2 Tertiary European Centres
Authors: Sinha Mriganka M. , Pietropaolo Amelia , Madarriaga Yesica Quiroz , de Knecht Erika Llorens , Tur Anna Bujons , Griffin Stephen , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: February 2023

Aim: To assess and compare the outcomes associated with ureteroscopy and laser fragmentation (URSL) for extremes of age group (≤10 and ≥80 years). Methods: Retrospective consecutive data were collected from two European centres for all paediatric patients ≤10 undergoing URSL over a 15-year period (group 1). It was compared to consecutive data for all patients ≥80 years (group 2). Data were collected for patient demographics, stone characteristics, operative details, and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 168 patients had 201 URSL procedures during this time (74 and 94 patients in groups 1 and 2 respectively). The mean age and stone sizes were 6.1 years and 85 years, and 9.7 mm and 13 mm for groups 1 and 2 respectively. While the SFR was slightly higher in group 2 (92.5% versus 87.8%, p = 0.301), post-operative stent rate was also significantly higher in the geriatric population (75.9% versus 41.2%, p = 0.0001). There was also no significant difference in pre-operative stenting (p = 0.886), ureteric access sheath use (UAS) (p = 0.220) and post-operative complications. Group 1 had an intervention rate of 1.3/patient as compared to 1.1/patient in group 2. The overall complications were 7.2% and 15.3% in groups 1 and 2 respectively (0.069), with 1 Clavien IV complication related to post-operative sepsis and brief ICU admission in group 2. Conclusion: The paediatric population had a marginally higher incidence of repeat procedure, but the overall SFR and complications were similar, and post-operative stent insertion rates were much better compared to geriatric patients. URSL is a safe procedure in the extremes of age groups with no difference in the overall outcomes between the two groups.
Risankizumab Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis—A Multi-Center, Long-Term, Real-Life Study from Poland
Authors: Adamczyk Michał , Bartosińska Joanna , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Adamska Kinga , Adamski Zygmunt , Czubek Maria , Kręcisz Beata , Kłujszo Elżbieta , Lesiak Aleksandra , Narbutt Joanna , Noweta Marcin , Owczarczyk-Saczonek Agnieszka , Owczarek Witold , Reich Adam , Samotij Dominik , Siekierko Aleksandra , Szczęch Justyna , Walecka Irena , Ciechanowicz Piotr , Woźniacka Anna , Liszewska Agata , Krasowska Dorota
Published: February 2023

The present multi-center, long-term, real-life study made an attempt to assess the efficacy of risankizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The study comprised 185 patients from 10 Polish dermatologic departments undergoing risankizumab treatment. The disease severity was measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) before the start of the risankizumab treatment and next at the defined timepoints, i.e., 4, 16, 28, 40, 52 and 96 weeks of treatment. The percentage of patients achieving PASI90 and PASI100 responses as well as the PASI percentage decrease at the defined timepoints were calculated, and correlations with clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect were analyzed. The number of patients evaluated at the defined timepoints was: 136, 145, 100, 93, 62, and 22 at 4, 16, 28, 40, 52 and 96 weeks of treatment, respectively. At 4, 16, 28, 40, 52 and 96 weeks, the PASI90 response was achieved in 13.2%, 81.4%, 87.0%, 86.0%, 88.7% and 81.8% of patients, whereas the PASI100 response was achieved in 2.9%, 53.1%, 67.0%, 68.8%, 71.0% and 68.2% of patients, respectively. Our study revealed a significant negative correlation between a decrease in the PASI and the presence of psoriatic arthritis as well as the patient’s age and duration of psoriasis at several timepoints throughout the observation period.
Systematic Preserflo MicroShunt Intraluminal Stenting for Hypotony Prevention in Highly Myopic Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lupardi Enrico , Laffi Gian Luca , Moramarco Antonio , Barboni Piero , Fontana Luigi
Published: February 2023

Transient hypotony is the most common early complication after Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) implantation. High myopia is a risk factor for the development of postoperative hypotony-related complications; therefore, it is advisable that PMS implantation in patients should be performed while employing hypotony preventive measures. The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of postoperative hypotony and hypotony-related complications in high-risk myopic patients after PMS implantation with and without intraluminal 10.0 nylon suture stenting. This is a retrospective, case–control, comparative study of 42 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and severe myopia that underwent PMS implantation. A total of 21 eyes underwent a non-stented PMS implantation (nsPMS), while in the remaining eyes (21 eyes), PMS was implanted with an intraluminal suture (isPMS group). Hypotony occurred in six (28.57%) eyes in the nsPMS group and none in the isPMS group. Choroidal detachment occurred in three eyes in the nsPMS group; two of them were associated with the shallow anterior chamber and one was associated with macular folds. At 6 months after surgery, the mean IOP was 12.1 ± 3.16 mmHg and 13.43 ± 5.22 mmHg (p = 0.41) in the nsPMS and isPMS group, respectively. PMS intraluminal stenting is an effective measure to prevent early postoperative hypotony in POAG highly myopic patients.
Automated Capture of Intraoperative Adverse Events Using Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Eppler Michael , Sayegh Aref , Maas Marissa , Venkat Abhishek , Hemal Sij , Desai Mihir , Hung Andrew , Grantcharov Teodor , Cacciamani Giovanni , Goldenberg Mitchell
Published: February 2023

Intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) impact the outcomes of surgery, and yet are not routinely collected, graded, and reported. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to power real-time, automatic detection of these events and disrupt the landscape of surgical safety through the prediction and mitigation of iAEs. We sought to understand the current implementation of AI in this space. A literature review was performed to PRISMA-DTA standards. Included articles were from all surgical specialties and reported the automatic identification of iAEs in real-time. Details on surgical specialty, adverse events, technology used for detecting iAEs, AI algorithm/validation, and reference standards/conventional parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis of algorithms with available data was conducted using a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the article risk of bias and clinical applicability. A total of 2982 studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore, with 13 articles included for data extraction. The AI algorithms detected bleeding (n = 7), vessel injury (n = 1), perfusion deficiencies (n = 1), thermal damage (n = 1), and EMG abnormalities (n = 1), among other iAEs. Nine of the thirteen articles described at least one validation method for the detection system; five explained using cross-validation and seven divided the dataset into training and validation cohorts. Meta-analysis showed the algorithms were both sensitive and specific across included iAEs (detection OR 14.74, CI 4.7–46.2). There was heterogeneity in reported outcome statistics and article bias risk. There is a need for standardization of iAE definitions, detection, and reporting to enhance surgical care for all patients. The heterogeneous applications of AI in the literature highlights the pluripotent nature of this technology. Applications of these algorithms across a breadth of urologic procedures should be investigated to assess the generalizability of these data.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) and Prenatal Diagnosis of Schaaf-Yang Syndrome: A Report of Three Families and a Research on Genotype–Phenotype Correlations
Authors: Xu Naixin , Shi Weihui , Cao Xianling , Zhou Xuanyou , Huang Hefeng , Chen Songchang , Xu Chenming
Published: February 2023

Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SYS) is a genetic disorder caused by truncating pathogenic variants in the paternal allele of the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed gene MAGEL2 and is characterized by genital hypoplasia, neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other features. In this study, eleven SYS patients from three families were enrolled and comprehensive clinical features were gathered regarding each family. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the definitive molecular diagnosis of the disease. Identified variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Three couples underwent PGT for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) and/or a prenatal diagnosis. Haplotype analysis was performed to deduce the embryo’s genotype by using the short tandem repeats (STRs) identified in each sample. The prenatal diagnosis results showed that the fetus in each case did not carry pathogenic variants, and all the babies of the three families were born at full term and were healthy. We also performed a review of SYS cases. In addition to the 11 patients in our study, a total of 127 SYS patients were included in 11 papers. We summarized all variant sites and clinical symptoms thus far, and conducted a genotype–phenotype correlation analysis. Our results also indicated that the variation in phenotypic severity may depend on the specific location of the truncating variant, suggestive of a genotype–phenotype association.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Linear Piezoelectric Structures Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theories
Authors: Ntaflos Konstantinos I. , Beltsios Konstantinos G. , Hadjigeorgiou Evangelos P.
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the effects of shear deformation on piezoelectric materials and structures that often serve as substrate layers of multilayer composite sensors and actuators. Based on higher-order shear elastic deformation and electric potential distribution theories, a general mathematical model is derived. Governing equations and the associated boundary conditions for a piezoelectric beam are developed using a generalized Hamilton’s principle. The static and dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric structure is investigated. A bending problem in static analysis and a free vibration problem in dynamic analysis are solved. The obtained results are in very good agreement with the results of the exact two dimensional solution available in the literature.
Synthesis and Spectral Characterisation of Fabricated Cerium-Doped Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential and Its Membranolytic Activity through Large Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Khatua Ashapurna , Kumari Kajal , Khatak Deepak , Roy Annesha , Bhatt Neelima , Paul Bernard , Naik Aparupa , Patel Amiya Kumar , Panigrahi Uttam Kumar , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Saravanan Muthupandian , Meena Ramovatar
Published: February 2023

Considerable attention has been given to Magnesium oxide nanoparticles lately due to their antimicrobial potential, low toxicity to humans, high thermal stability, biocompatibility, and low cost of production. However, their successful transformation into sustainable drugs is limited due to their low membrane permeability, which reduces their bioavailability in target cells. Herein we propose Cerium-doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgOCeNPs) as a powerful solution to above mentioned limitations and are compared with MgO NPs for their membrane permeability and antimicrobial activity. Both pure and Ce-doped were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, in which an X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination reveals the lattice patterns for doped nanoparticles. Furthermore, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed the three-dimensional (3D) structure and height of the nanoparticle. The crystal structure (FCC) of MgO did not change with Ce doping. However, microstructural properties like lattice parameter, crystallite size and biological activity of MgO significantly changed with Ce doping. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of MgOCeNPs in comparison to MgO NPs and to understand the underlying mechanisms, the antibacterial activity was investigated against human pathogenic bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against THY-1, a fungal strain. MgOCeNPs were studied by several methods, which resulted in a strong antibacterial and antifungal activity in the form of an elevated zone of inhibition, reduced growth curve, lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) and enhanced cytotoxicity in both bacterial and fungal strain as compared to MgO nanoparticles. The study of the growth curve showed early and prolonged stationary phase and early decline log phase. Both bacterial and fungal strains showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity with enhancement in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and formation of pores in the membrane when interacting with egg-phosphatidylcholine model Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs). The proposed mechanism of MgOCeNPs toxicity evidently is membranolytic activity and induction of ROS production, which may cause oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity. These results confirmed that MgOCeNPs are a novel and very potent antimicrobial agent with a great promise of controlling and treating other microbes.
Effect of Interbody Implants on the Biomechanical Behavior of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Shen Hangkai , Zhu Jia , Huang Chenhui , Xiang Dingding , Liu Weiqiang
Published: February 2023

Porous titanium interbody scaffolds are growing in popularity due to their appealing advantages for bone ingrowth. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of scaffold materials in both normal and osteoporotic lumbar spines using a finite element (FE) model. Four scaffold materials were compared: Ti6Al4V (Ti), PEEK, porous titanium of 65% porosity (P65), and porous titanium of 80% porosity (P80). In addition, the range of motion (ROM), endplate stress, scaffold stress, and pedicle screw stress were calculated and compared. The results showed that the ROM decreased by more than 96% after surgery, and the solid Ti scaffold provided the lowest ROM (1.2–3.4% of the intact case) at the surgical segment among all models. Compared to solid Ti, PEEK decreased the scaffold stress by 53–66 and the endplate stress by 0–33%, while porous Ti decreased the scaffold stress by 20–32% and the endplate stress by 0–32%. Further, compared with P65, P80 slightly increased the ROM (<0.03°) and pedicle screw stress (<4%) and decreased the endplate stress by 0–13% and scaffold stress by approximately 18%. Moreover, the osteoporotic lumbar spine provided higher ROMs, endplate stresses, scaffold stresses, and pedicle screw stresses in all motion modes. The porous Ti scaffolds may offer an alternative for lateral lumbar interbody fusion.
Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection with and without PRGF for Management of Interdental Papillary Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bal Aishwarya , Panda Saurav , Mohanty Rinkee , Satpathy Anurag , Nayak Rashmita , Tumedei Margherita , Argenta Francesca , Colapinto Gianluca , Del Fabbro Massimo , Annunziata Marco
Published: February 2023

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injection with and without plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) for the management of interdental papillary loss. Methods: A single blinded randomized clinical trial was carried out on 21 subjects with 34 sites. Patients within the age group 18–45 years who had Class I and II papillary recession in the maxillary anterior region were selected. The sites involved were randomly assigned to Group HA alone and Group HA + PRGF. The patients were recalled 4 weeks after receiving supragingival and subgingival instrumentation. HA or HA + PRGF was injected into the defective papilla at baseline and at 3 and 6 weeks. Image based measurements of Papillary Width (PW), Papillary Deficient Height (PDH), Deficient Area (DA), Deficient Volume (DV) were registered at baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. A vernier caliper was used to measure the papillary depth in the impression made using additional silicone impression material pre- and post-intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement in the within-group comparison of PW, PDH, DA and DV in both the groups. Group HA + PRGF showed significantly greater improvement in comparison to Group HA alone in terms of PDH, DA and DV at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusions: Even though HA gel has already been established as a promising injectable agent in the minimally invasive treatment of interdental papillary deficiency, PRGF may also have a significant adjuvant effect when used along with HA. Further clinical studies with longer follow up duration, larger sample size and standardization of the tooth shape are required for a better understanding of the adjuvant effect of PRGF when used along with HA.
Combinational System of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers and Biodegradable Polymers for Wound Healing: An Updated Review
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Naimi-Jamal Mohammad Reza , Sedaghat Meysam , Hoseini Alireza , Mohammadi Negar , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: February 2023

Skin wounds have imposed serious socioeconomic burdens on healthcare providers and patients. There are just more than 25,000 burn injury-related deaths reported each year. Conventional treatments do not often allow the re-establishment of the function of affected regions and structures, resulting in dehydration and wound infections. Many nanocarriers, such as lipid-based systems or biobased and biodegradable polymers and their associated platforms, are favorable in wound healing due to their ability to promote cell adhesion and migration, thus improving wound healing and reducing scarring. Hence, many researchers have focused on developing new wound dressings based on such compounds with desirable effects. However, when applied in wound healing, some problems occur, such as the high cost of public health, novel treatments emphasizing reduced healthcare costs, and increasing quality of treatment outcomes. The integrated hybrid systems of lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) and polymer-based systems can be promising as the solution for the above problems in the wound healing process. Furthermore, novel drug delivery systems showed more effective release of therapeutic agents, suitable mimicking of the physiological environment, and improvement in the function of the single system. This review highlights recent advances in lipid-based systems and the role of lipid-based carriers and biodegradable polymers in wound healing.
One-Piece Zirconia Oral Implants for Single Tooth Replacement: Five-Year Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kohal Ralf-Joachim , Burkhardt Felix , Chevalier Jerome , Patzelt Sebastian Berthold Maximilian , Butz Frank
Published: February 2023

The intention of this 5-year prospective cohort investigation was to clinically and radiographically investigate the outcomes of a one-piece zirconia implant system for single tooth replacement. Sixty-five patients received a total of 66 single-tooth implants. All implants immediately received temporary restorations and were finally restored with all-ceramic crowns. Follow-ups were performed at the prosthetic delivery, after 1, 3, and 5 years. Peri-implant and dental soft-tissue parameters were evaluated and patient-reported outcomes recorded. To monitor peri-implant bone remodelling, standardised radiographs were taken at the implant insertion and at the 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups. In the course of 5 years, 14 implants were lost, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 78.2%. The mean marginal bone loss from the implant insertion to the 5-year follow-up amounted to 1.12 mm. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding, and plaque index increased over time. In 91.5% of the implants, the papilla index showed levels of 1 or 2, respectively. At the end of the study, the patient satisfaction was higher compared to the pre-treatment measurements. Due to the low survival rate after five years and the noticeably high frequency of advanced bone loss observed in this study, the implant has not met the launch criteria, as it would have not been recommended for routine clinical use.
Scoring-Based Genetic Algorithm for Wavefront Shaping to Optimize Multiple Objectives
Authors: Wang Tianhong , Rumman Nazifa , Bassène Pascal , N'Gom Moussa
Published: February 2023

We present a scoring-based genetic algorithm (SBGA) for wavefront shaping to optimize multiple objectives at a time. The algorithm is able to find one feasible solution despite having to optimize multiple objectives. We employ the algorithm to generate multiple focus points simultaneously and allocate their intensities as desired. We then introduce a third objective to confine light focusing only to desired targets and prevent irradiation in neighboring regions. Through simulations and experiments, we demonstrate the algorithm’s ease of implementation and flexibility to control the search direction. This algorithm can potentially be applied to improve biomedical imaging, optogenetics, and optical trapping.
Development and In-Silico and Ex-Vivo Validation of a Software for a Semi-Automated Segmentation of the Round Window Niche to Design a Patient Specific Implant to Treat Inner Ear Disorders
Authors: Matin-Mann Farnaz , Gao Ziwen , Wei Chunjiang , Repp Felix , Artukarslan Eralp-Niyazi , John Samuel , Alcacer Labrador Dorian , Lenarz Thomas , Scheper Verena
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a semi-automated segmentation approach that identifies the round window niche (RWN) and round window membrane (RWM) for use in the development of patient individualized round window niche implants (RNI) to treat inner ear disorders. Twenty cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets of unilateral temporal bones of patients were included in the study. Defined anatomical landmarks such as the RWM were used to develop a customized 3D Slicer™ plugin for semi-automated segmentation of the RWN. Two otolaryngologists (User 1 and User 2) segmented the datasets manually and semi-automatically using the developed software. Both methods were compared in-silico regarding the resulting RWM area and RWN volume. Finally, the developed software was validated ex-vivo in N = 3 body donor implantation tests with additively manufactured RNI. The independently segmented temporal bones of the different Users showed a strong consistency in the volume of the RWN and the area of the RWM. The volume of the semi-automated RWN segmentations were 48 ± 11% smaller on average than the manual segmentations and the area of the RWM of the semi-automated segmentations was 21 ± 17% smaller on average than the manual segmentation. All additively manufactured implants, based on the semi-automated segmentation method could be implanted successfully in a pressure-tight fit into the RWN. The implants based on the manual segmentations failed to fit into the RWN and this suggests that the larger manual segmentations were over-segmentations. This study presents a semi-automated approach for segmenting the RWN and RWM in temporal bone CBCT scans that is efficient, fast, accurate, and not dependent on trained users. In addition, the manual segmentation, often positioned as the gold-standard, actually failed to pass the implantation validation.
Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport in the Surf and Swash Zone Using OpenFOAM®
Authors: Kazakis Ioannis , Karambas Theophanis V.
Published: February 2023

This study focuses on the numerical investigation of the 3D hydrodynamic processes of coastal zones such as wave breaking, wave-induced currents, and sediment transport, using the multiphase, interFoam solver of OpenFOAM® (a state-of-the-art, open-source CFD numerical tool). The numerical scheme is suitably framed by initial conditions of wave propagation and absorption using waves2Foam wave library. The turbulence closure problem is handled using a buoyancy modified k–ω SST model. In order to predict the sediment transport rate due to waves and currents (bed load, sheet flow, and suspended load over ripples), a transport-rate formula involving unsteady aspects of the sand transport phenomenon is implemented. For the suspended load in the surf zone, the Bailard formula is adopted after considering that the dissipation mechanism is the wave breaking. Results concerning wave height, longshore current, turbulence kinetic energy, and sediment transport are compared against experimental data and semi-empirical expressions.
Effect of Light Wavelength on Biomass, Growth, Photosynthesis and Pigment Content of Emiliania huxleyi (Isochrysidales, Cocco-Lithophyceae)
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Falong , Wang Qiaohan , Gong Qingli , Gao Xu
Published: February 2023

Light wavelength is a critical abiotic factor in modulating the development and pigment accumulation of microalgae. In the present study, we investigated the influences of white, red, blue, yellow, and green light on biomass (cell density), growth (cell diameter and dry weight), net photosynthetic rate, and pigment contents (chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, and lutein) of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. The effects of light wavelength change on its cell density and fucoxanthin content were also evaluated. The results showed that blue light significantly stimulated the cell proliferation and photosynthetic activity of E. huxleyi. The cell diameter, dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, and the content of fucoxanthin under red light were significantly greater than under white light. E. huxleyi could not effectively utilize green light and yellow light for growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis. Compared with white, blue, and red light, significantly greater cell density and fucoxanthin content were found under blue light, followed by red light. These findings indicated that light wavelength could significantly affect the growth, photosynthesis, and pigments of E. huxleyi. The combination of blue and red light is likely to be an effective measure to enhance its biomass and fucoxanthin production.
Multifaceted Evaluation of Antibiotic Therapy as a Factor Associated with Candidemia in Non-Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Kim Si-Ho , Mun Seok Jun , Kang Jin Suk , Moon Chisook , Kim Hyoung-Tae , Lee Ho Young
Published: February 2023

We aimed to evaluate various aspects of antibiotic therapy as factors associated with candidemia in non-neutropenic patients. A retrospective, matched, case-control study was conducted in two teaching hospitals. Patients with candidemia (cases) were compared to patients without candidemia (controls), matched by age, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospitalization, and type of surgery. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with candidemia. A total of 246 patients were included in the study. Of 123 candidemia patients, 36% had catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Independent factors in the whole population included immunosuppression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.195; p = 0.036), total parenteral nutrition (aOR = 3.642; p < 0.001), and anti-methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) therapy for ≥11 days (aOR = 5.151; p = 0.004). The antibiotic factor in the non-CRBSI population was anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam treatment duration of ≥3 days (aOR = 5.260; p = 0.008). The antibiotic factors in the CRBSI population included anti-MRSA therapy for ≥11 days (aOR = 10.031; p = 0.019). Antimicrobial stewardship that reduces exposure to these antibacterial spectra could help prevent the development of candidemia.
The Potential Fungal Pathogens of Euonymus japonicus in Beijing, China
Authors: Lin Lu , Pan Meng , Gao Hong , Tian Chengming , Fan Xinlei
Published: February 2023

Euonymus japonicus tolerates the dry and frigid climate of Beijing, China, and effectively filters out particles during the winter. However, fungal infestation frequently causes extreme illness and can even lead to shrub death. In this study, 104 diseased E. japonicus specimens were collected from seven districts in Beijing. Seventy-nine isolates were identified as 22 fungal species in seven genera. The species were Aplosporella hesperidica, A. javeedii, A. prunicola, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum aenigma, Co. euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Co. gloeosporioides, Cytospora ailanthicola, C. albodisca, C. diopuiensis, C. discotoma, C. elaeagni, C. euonymicola, C. euonymina, C. haidianensis, C. leucostoma, C. sophorae, C. zhaitangensis, Diaporthe eres, Dothiorella acericola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Cytospora zhaitangensis, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were introduced as novel species. Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were subsequently confirmed as pathogens of E. japonicus leaves by pathogenicity testing. This study provides an important assessment of the fungi associated with diseases of E. japonicus in Beijing, China.
Selection of Autochthonous Yeasts Isolated from the Intestinal Tracts of Cobia Fish (Rachycentron canadum) with Probiotic Potential
Authors: Reinoso Samira , Gutiérrez María Soledad , Domínguez-Borbor Cristóbal , Argüello-Guevara Wilfrido , Bohórquez-Cruz Milton , Sonnenholzner Stanislaus , Nova-Baza Daniela , Mardones Claudia , Navarrete Paola
Published: February 2023

Some yeast strains have been proposed as probiotics to improve the health of cultured fish. Cobia is a tropical benthopelagic fish species with potential for marine aquaculture; however, one of the main limitations to its large-scale production is the high mortality of fish larvae. In this study, we evaluated the probiotic potential of autochthonous yeasts from the intestines of cobia. Thirty-nine yeast isolates were recovered from the intestinal mucosa of 37 adult healthy cobia by culture methods. Yeasts were identified by sequencing of the ITS and D1/D2 regions of the 28S rRNA gene and typed by RAPD-PCR using the M13 primer. Yeast strains with unique RAPD patterns were characterized in terms of their cell biomass production ability; anti-Vibrio, enzymatic, and hemolytic activity; biofilm production; hydrophobicity; autoaggregation; polyamine production; safety; and protection of cobia larvae against saline stress. Candida haemuloni C27 and Debaryomyces hansenii C10 and C28 were selected as potential probiotics. They did not affect the survival of larvae and showed biomass production >1 g L−1, hydrophobicity >41.47%, hemolytic activity γ, and activity in more than 8 hydrolytic enzymes. The results suggest that the selected yeast strains could be considered as potential probiotic candidates and should be evaluated in cobia larvae.
Archival Human Temporal Bone: Anatomical and Histopathological Studies of Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Ishiyama Paul , Ishiyama Gail , Lopez Ivan , Ishiyama Akira
Published: February 2023

Since being FDA approved in 1984, cochlear implantation has been used successfully to restore hearing in those with severe to profound hearing loss with broader applications including single-sided deafness, the use of hybrid electroacoustic stimulation, and implantation at all extremes of age. Cochlear implants have undergone multiple changes in the design aimed at improving the processing technology, while simultaneously minimizing the surgical trauma and foreign body reaction. The following review examines the human temporal bone studies regarding the anatomy of the human cochlea and how the anatomy relates to cochlear implant design, the factors related to complications after implantation, and the predictors of new tissue formation and osteoneogenesis. Histopathological studies are reviewed which aim to understand the potential implications of the effects of new tissue formation and inflammation following implantation.
Evaluation of Pretreatment Albumin–Bilirubin Grade as a Better Prognostic Factor Compared to Child–Pugh Classification in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Radiotherapy
Authors: Lee Jason , Park Jun , Hong Hyun , Kim Myung , Koo Dong-Hoe , Lee Hyebin , Nam Heerim
Published: February 2023

This study assessed the use of pretreatment albumin–-bilirubin (ALBI) grade as a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving combined transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiotherapy (RT). Patients who underwent RT following TACE between January 2011 and December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival outcomes of patients in regard to the ALBI grade and Child–Pugh (C–P) classification were evaluated. A total of 73 patients with a median follow-up of 16.3 months were included. Thirty-three (45.2%) and forty patients (54.8%) were categorized into ALBI grades 1 and 2–3, respectively, while sixty-four (87.7%) and nine (12.3%) were C–P classes A and B, respectively (p = 0.003). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for ALBI grade 1 vs. 2–3 were 8.6 months vs. 5.0 months (p = 0.016) and 27.0 months vs. 15.9 months (p = 0.006), respectively. The median PFS and OS for C–P class A vs. B were 6.3 months vs. 6.1 months (p = 0.265) and 24.8 months vs. 19.0 months (p = 0.630), respectively. A multivariate analysis showed that ALBI grades 2–3 were significantly associated with worse PFS (p = 0.035) and OS (p = 0.021). In conclusion, the ALBI grade could be a good prognosticator in HCC patients who were treated with combined TACE-RT.
Proposal and Validation of a New Nonradiological Method for Postoperative Three-Dimensional Implant Position Analysis Based on the Dynamic Navigation System: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ma Feifei , Liu Mingyue , Liu Xiaoqiang , Wei Tai , Liu Lilan , Sun Feng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To propose a novel, radiation-free method for postoperative three-dimensional (3D) position analysis of dental implants based on the dynamic navigation system (DNS) and evaluate its accuracy in vitro. Methods: A total of 60 implants were digitally planned and then placed in the standardized plastic models with a single-tooth gap and a free-end gap under the guidance of the DNS. Postoperative 3D positions of the inserted implants were evaluated using specially designed navigation-based software, and its datasets were superimposed onto those of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for accuracy analyses. Deviations at the coronal, apical, and angular levels were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean 3D deviation was 0.88 ± 0.37 mm at the entry point and 1.02 ± 0.35 mm at the apex point. The mean angular deviation was 1.83 ± 0.79 degrees. No significant differences were noted in the deviations between implants placed in the single-tooth gap and the free-end situation (p > 0.05) or between different tooth positions at distal extensions (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This non-radiographic method provides facile, efficient, and reliable postoperative implant position evaluation and may be a potential substitute for CBCT, particularly for implants placed under the guidance of dynamic navigation.
Effect of Radio-Chemotherapy on PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Girolami Ilaria , Marletta Stefano , Fiorentino Vincenzo , Battocchio Simonetta , Cerbelli Bruna , Fiamengo Barbara , Gerosa Clara , Gianatti Andrea , Morelli Luca , Riva Giulio , Zagami Maria Giovanna , Fusco Nicola , Munari Enrico , L’Imperio Vincenzo , Pagni Fabio , Morbini Patrizia , Martini Maurizio , Eccher Albino
Published: February 2023

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors represent a mainstay of therapy in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). However, little is known about the influence of combined therapy on PD-L1 expression. The study aims to gather evidence on this topic. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases Pubmed-MEDLINE and Embase to retrieve studies on the comparison of PD-L1 expression before and after conventional therapy. Data were extracted and a quantitative analysis with pooled odds ratios (ORs) was performed when applicable. Results: Of 5688 items, 15 were finally included. Only a minority of studies assessed PD-L1 with the recommended combined positive score (CPS). The results are highly heterogeneous, with some studies reporting an increase in PD-L1 expression and others reporting a decrease. Three studies allowed for quantitative analysis and showed a pooled OR of 0.49 (CI 0.27–0.90). Conclusions: From the present evidence, a clear conclusion towards an increase or decrease in PD-L1 expression after combined therapy cannot be drawn, but even with few studies available, a trend towards an increase in expression in tumor cells at a cutoff of 1% can be noted in patients undergoing platinum-based therapy. Future studies will provide more robust data on the effect of combined therapy on PD-L1 expression.
Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures in Middle-Aged to Older Patients: A Retrospective Study on the Preoperative MRI Injury Patterns and Mid-Term Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Loose Kim , Rudolph Justus , Schlösser Martin , Willauschus Maximilian , Rüther Johannes , Schuster Philipp , Bail Hermann Josef , Millrose Michael , Geßlein Markus
Published: February 2023

(1) Quadriceps tendon rupture (QTR) is a rare pathology, usually occurring in elderly patients with comorbidities, requiring surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze rupture patterns and concomitant injuries using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures. (2) In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 113 patients with QTR were screened and rupture patterns/concomitant injuries (n = 33) were analyzed via MRI. Clinical outcome was assessed in 45 patients using the International Knee Documentation (IKDC) and Lysholm score with a mean follow-up of 7.2 (±5.0) years. (3) The evaluation of preoperative MRIs showed multiple ruptures of subtendons in 67% with concomitant knee injuries in 45%. The most common associated pathology detected using MRI was pre-existing tendinosis (31.2%). Surgical refixation demonstrated good results with a mean post-operative IKDC score of 73.1 (±14.1) and mean Lysholm score of 84.2 (±16.1). Patient characteristics and individual radiologic rupture patterns did not significantly affect the clinical outcome of patients. (4) Acute QTRs are complex injuries with common involvement of multiple subtendons. MRI imaging can be useful for achieving an accurate diagnosis as pre-existing tendinosis as well as concomitant injuries are common, and might be useful for providing an individual surgical strategy and improving outcomes.
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Jia Zhuangzhuang , Wang Shuai , Yan Haifeng , Cao Yawen , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lin , Zhang Zeyu , Lin Shanshan , Wang Xianliang , Mao Jingyuan
Published: February 2023

Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
Task-Based and Resting-State Functional MRI in Observing Eloquent Cerebral Areas Personalized for Epilepsy and Surgical Oncology Patients: A Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Al-Arfaj Hussain Khalid , Al-Sharydah Abdulaziz Mohammad , AlSuhaibani Sari Saleh , Alaqeel Soliman , Yousry Tarek
Published: February 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is among the newest techniques of advanced neuroimaging that offer the opportunity for neuroradiologists, neurophysiologists, neuro-oncologists, and neurosurgeons to pre-operatively plan and manage different types of brain lesions. Furthermore, it plays a fundamental role in the personalized evaluation of patients with brain tumors or patients with an epileptic focus for preoperative planning. While the implementation of task-based fMRI has increased in recent years, the existing resources and evidence related to this technique are limited. We have, therefore, conducted a comprehensive review of the available resources to compile a detailed resource for physicians who specialize in managing patients with brain tumors and seizure disorders. This review contributes to the existing literature because it highlights the lack of studies on fMRI and its precise role and applicability in observing eloquent cerebral areas in surgical oncology and epilepsy patients, which we believe is underreported. Taking these considerations into account would help to better understand the role of this advanced neuroimaging technique and, ultimately, improve patient life expectancy and quality of life.
Demystifying the Effect of the News (Shocks) on Crypto Market Volatility
Authors: Bhatnagar Mukul , Taneja Sanjay , Rupeika-Apoga Ramona
Published: February 2023

The cryptocurrency market has enormous growth potential. In this study, the aim is to investigate how the news (shocks) affects cryptocurrency market volatility. This is significant because, while cryptocurrencies are gaining popularity among investors, the market’s extreme volatility discourages some prospective buyers, while also causing large losses for inexperienced investors. From 8 March 2019 to 30 November 2022, data from Bitcoin, Binance Coin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, and XRP were collected for the current study. The E-GARCH model was applied to the framed dataset to achieve the research aim. We discovered that the value of the size factor for all currencies was statistically significant, indicating that the news (shocks) significantly impacts volatility. Furthermore, volatility persistence in all cryptocurrencies is found to be very high and statistically significant. These study findings can help investors understand the impact of the news (shocks) on volatility in cryptocurrency returns.
The Moderating Effect of Financial Knowledge on Financial Risk Tolerance
Authors: Grable John E. , Rabbani Abed
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to describe a study that was designed to determine to what extent subjective and objective measures of financial knowledge moderate the relationship between an investor’s financial risk tolerance and demographic factors thought to be important descriptors of an investor’s willingness to take a financial risk. It was determined that those who identified as male, and those with more attained education and income, exhibited higher investment risk tolerance (IRT). Subjective financial knowledge (SFK) was positively associated with IRT. The relationship between gender and IRT was moderated by SFK, whereas the relationship between IRT and age was moderated by objective financial knowledge (OFK). A positive relationship between education and IRT was noted, but the relationship was moderated by OFK, whereas the association between IRT and household income was moderated by SFK. Findings from this study indicate that while SFK and OFK are positively correlated, they are not measuring the same underlying construct, and as such, each moderates IRT relationships differently.
Multi-Party Evolutionary Game Analysis of Accounts Receivable Financing under the Application of Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Zhang Qinglei , Yang Dihong , Qin Jiyun
Published: February 2023

Accounts receivable financing is one of the most prominent financing approaches in supply chain finance; nevertheless, in the actual financing process, financial institutions and SMEs have credit risk and information asymmetry risk, which leads to frequent nonpayment and collaboration fraudulent loans. This paper introduces central bank digital currency into traditional accounts receivable financing and solves the credit risk and information asymmetry risk using two technologies of central bank digital currency: digital technology and blockchain technology; digital technology enables the supervision of capital flow, and blockchain technology enables for access to logistics and information flow. In the context of using central bank digital currency technology, this paper builds an evolutionary game model of whether financial institutions use central bank digital currency and whether SMEs repay the loan, compares the evolutionary stabilization strategies of financial institutions and SMEs, calculates and analyzes the model’s impact, investigates changes in the decision-making and evolutionary paths of both parties, and then conducts numerical simulation analysis using Matlab and Python to verify the model’s reliability further. According to the results, adding central bank digital currency to the traditional accounts receivable financing model can reduce the loan risk of financial institutions, increase the credibility of accounts receivable financing, expedite the implementation of accounts receivable financing, and alleviate the financing concerns of SMEs.
Multitemporal Incidence of Landscape Fragmentation in a Protected Area of Central Andean Ecuador
Authors: Rosero Carlos , Otero Xosé , Bravo Cinthya , Frey Catherine
Published: February 2023

Monitoring land cover changes in protected areas is crucial to control the conservation efficiency of biodiversity and natural ecosystem conditions, especially in Ecuador, one of the most megadiverse countries in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the present study has been to estimate spatiotemporal changes in the landscape and the level of fragmentation using remote sensing in Llanganates National Park (PNL), a protected area in central Andean Ecuador. To obtain land cover, satellite images were processed using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm. After statistical analysis, it was encountered that there is no significant difference in land cover change between the years 1991 to 2016 nor among the three watersheds, while the level of fragmentation in the PNL is low. Land cover changes in the study area are not evident, as it is a protected area where ecosystems are usually expected to maintain their initial conditions over time. Therefore, with these results it has been concluded that the biodiversity and landscape conservation processes in the PNL are effective.