bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecture of Concrete Prefabricated Apartment Houses in Slovakia in Relation to the Nesting Habits of Delichon Urbicum
Authors: Grunova Zuzana , Holesova Michaela
Published: November 2019

Czechoslovak Republic faced the serious need of dwellings for more numerous post-war generations in 50´s up to 70´s of the 20th century. New technology of the modular concrete high-rise apartment houses enabled an extensive mass construction. From 90´s of the 20th cent. increasingly more strict demands regarding thermal insulation properties were applied and the most frequently chosen technology to deal with them was ETICS added to concrete external walls. Interaction of various bird species and insulated façades, not limited to failure or damage, are interesting theme. This research deal with the nesting preferences of Delichon urbicum species in relation to the characteristics of architecture. The housing estate Solinky in Žilina in the northern Slovakia was a locality chosen for monitoring and analysis as housing estates belong to the important nesting/breeding grounds of the several bird species. In order to maintain ecological balance, necessary architectonical features should be provided as nesting sites in context of the topology of houses and paper identifies them. Future lies in solutions for coexistence of apartment dwellers and bird species in urban space.
Economic prospects of Steel Reinforced Functionally Graded Concrete (SRFGC) beam structures
Authors: Gan B S , Kiryu S , Han A , Pratama M M A
Published: November 2019

Engineering materials, for instance, ceramics and concrete, are manufactured with uniform properties purposefully. Because the uniformity is a convenient measurement to ensure the safety design calculation of a structure to be built. The non-uniform material property of concrete can be resulted from mixing, placing, consolidation, and curing processes during the manufacturing of structural members. Therefore, using concrete as a material could lead to an uneconomical use of natural resources because of non-uniformity problems that occur in the structural members. Ideally, in the Functionally Graded Concrete (FGC) material, the properties (elasticity, density, rigidity) of concrete material have to be smoothly graded in the projected directions (longitudinally, transversally, diagonally) by following a governing equation. Hence, FGC has significant advantages over the existing concrete materials in the prominence of cement optimization. In recent progress, many researchers have been studied the mechanical behaviors and production methodologies of FGC enthusiastically. In the state-of-the-art of the FGC developments, two objectives need to be achieved: 1. The manufacturing procedure of FGC material, and 2. The method of analysis to design FGC material. In current developments, the technologies for manufacturing FGC material are still not available for the practitioners. The objective of this paper is to present a method of analysis to design a Steel Reinforced Functionally Concrete Graded (SRFGC) beam element based on the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) of Structural Concrete Requirements for Buildings code 2847:2013. The effects of the non-uniformity of concrete strengths are incorporated into the analysis. Because of the crack-opening assumption in the tensile region of the concrete, the neutral axis position is no longer at the mid-height of the beam cross-section. Hence, an iterative technique has to be employed in the design. An iterative technique is necessary because the internal forces of the beam have to be calculated at the cross-section being designed. The application of the method of analysis is highlighted by designing various type of beam cross-sections, which show the economic benefits of SRFGC beam compared to both the normal and high strength concrete’s material.
Cyclic behavior of moment-resisting frames strengthened with steel curved dampers
Authors: Hsu H L , Halim H
Published: November 2019

Steel moment frames have been widely used for earthquake-resistant purposes. These systems possess significant ductility, however, excessive deformation due to the lower structural stiffness. In order to improve the behavior of moment-resisting frames when subjected to cyclic loads, a new design that combined steel curved damper and brace member was proposed in this study. The curved damper was cut from steel plate and was placed in the center portion of the brace member. The new device was attached to the frame and was used to dissipate energy throughout the load application. A series of loading tests on steel frames strengthened with the proposed design were carried out. The strength and energy dissipation capabilities of frames with and without the strengthening device were compared. It was found from the comparisons that the behavior of framed structures was significantly improved, thus justified the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Rainfall induced residual soil slope instability: building cracked and slope failure
Authors: Yue L J , Ishak M F , Zaini M S I , Zolkepli M F
Published: November 2019

Rainfall is one of the factors of slope failures due to the intensity of rainfall that will seep and increase the moisture content of geo-materials. One of the important role in slope stability is matric suction. This study present the relationship between rainfall and suction of soil which induced the slope instability and the slope stability analysis involving a building which may cause by instability due to suction variation. The slope had separated into three parts which are top of slope, middle of slope and toe of slope. Every part has been inserted with three tensiometer with 0.3 m, 0.45 m and 0.9 m depth. Suction of soil on slope was carried out by using tensiometer. Intensity of rainfall was collected by using rain gauge which placed at open area which to compare with matric suction of soil. Several site and laboratory tests were carried out to identify the soil properties. Stability of slope was analyzed using Slope/w and Manual Calculation via input parameters collected from laboratory test and field test. Fellenius’ method was used to interpret the factor of safety for slope study. This includes the analysis of the factor of safety of slices at the selected area with its matric suction value. It was found that when the rainfall increased, the suction of soil decreased and affected to decrease of factor of safety. Hence, the constructed slope was suggested to be redesign to improve its safety factor.
Cracking behaviour of green lightweight concrete one-way slabs using medium K Basaltic Andesitic pumice and Scoria
Authors: Suseno H , Soehardjono A , Rachmansyah A
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates experimentally the cracking behaviour of green lightweight concrete one-way slabs where coarse aggregates comprised medium K basaltic andesitic pumice and scoria. Three points bending test was performed on 24 one-way slabs of both lightweight concrete with three compressive strengths and four reinforcement ratios, and 1 one-way slab of normal concrete as control. Responses consisted of crack width, mid-span reinforcement strain and mid-span deflection that were measured for observation purposes. To show the cracking behavior, their low tensile strengths were evaluated by representing their compressive strengths. Load versus crack width and reinforcement strain diagrams are simultaneously used to evaluate their cracking behaviors. Effects of reinforcement ratio, reinforcement stress, type of lightweight concrete and compressive strength to the maximum crack width are also investigated. Similarly, cracking patterns as well as failure modes are observed to show their appropriate performances. The results show that the reinforcement ratio and reinforcement stress are the main factors that affect significantly the cracking behavior and maximum crack width. However, the type of lightweight concrete and compressive strength affect them but less significantly. All one-way slabs exhibited a typical flexural crack, at the first time the reinforcement yields and then the concrete compressive zone crushes.
Ground water exploration using geo-electric method for Sumber Cemung pool development
Authors: Idfi G , Suryoputro N , Laksono Y A , Khomsiati N L
Published: November 2019

The existence of springs cannot be obtained in each region; therefore it will be very detrimental if the presence of springs is not optimally utilized. This encourages Sumbercemung Villager, Wlingi Regency to take advantage of the potential of the existing spring. It is planned that in this area a tourist pool will be built using water sources. So there needs a research to support the developement of the pool. This study aims to determine the potential of ground water that will be planned for the location of pool. With the existence of this pool, it is expected to be a source of income for the Sumbercemung villager. This study was conducted by measuring soil resistivity using the Geo-electric method to determine the condition of groundwater around a spring. Analysis of geo-electric data uses Zondres software in 2D which is then analized in 3D using Voxler software. Based on the results of the analysis of groundwater from geo-electric data, no artesian aquifer were found in the location reviewed and only a water basin with a volume of 25291 m3 was found. Thus, the needs of pool water is filled with dependable flow.
Stakeholders interaction framework of utilities development in and adjacent to the public right of way in Indonesia
Authors: Bukit I N M , Marzuki P F , Tamin R Z , Meifrinaldi
Published: November 2019

Public infrastructure development in Indonesia is an integral part of the national development planning system, and the government attempts to ensure the process is done rigorously to fulfil the system’s objectives. Part of public infrastructure is roads, and the utilities that are installed nearby. The development of utilities in and adjacent to the public right of way in Indonesia involves of various stakeholders that should be managed properly to avoid unnecessary interface problems. Those stakeholders include government agencies, community groups, private enterprises, and state or regional owned enterprises. The interaction between stakeholders of utilities in and adjacent to the public right of way should be identified clearly, and for sustainability objective, an identification of the process and interaction first should be done in the low level of the government i.e. district area. This paper is a preliminary study of a research about stakeholders’ interaction structure in Indonesia’s district public infrastructure development process. This paper focuses on utilities that installed in and adjacent to the district’s road in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to explain the interaction framework of stakeholders involved, and the methods that are used to describe the relationship.
One day high-performance concrete mechanism of plate, beam, and column
Authors: Niken C
Published: November 2019

Plate, beam, and column have a different mechanical characteristic. Understanding the one-day mechanism of the three concrete structural elements is the objective of this study. The quality of the concrete used is fc’ of 60 MPa. Observation of concrete strain was done during 24 hours. Five small specimens measuring of 150 mm × 150 mm × 600 mm with one strain gauges (EVWSG) for each specimen, three specimens in horizontal position as a beam and two specimens in vertical positions as a column; one full-scale beam specimen measuring of 200 mm × 600 mm × 3000 mm (four EVWSG), and one plate specimen measuring of 3000 mm × 1600 mm × 150 mm (four EVWSG) were used. All specimens were covered with styrofoam. One-day behavior was found by computing the average strain change from a small beam and column specimens, and average strain change of the fourth EVWSG in the plate/full-scale beam. As a result, there is a similar type between concrete temperature and the behavior of plate, beam, and column. The behavior of the beam is identically to the plate behavior. Column behavior is more fluctuating than beam and plate. High rate shrinkage is significant in beam and plate, but in the column, expansion was dominated.
Setting time and compression strength of low-calcium fly ash geopolymer paste with non-calcined red soil substitution in ambient curing
Authors: Simatupang P H , Nine V , Sinaga A E
Published: November 2019

This paper describes the research of the effects of non-calcined red soil substitution in low-calcium fly ash geopolymer paste in ambient curing. Mechanical characteristics observed were setting time and compression strength. The non-calcined red soil substitutions were varied i.e 0%, 5%, 25% and 50% of mass of fly ash. The alkaline solutions used were natrium silicate solution and natrium hydroxide solution 10 M with mass ratios 1:1 and 2:1. The results show that the higher the substitution of non-calcined red soil the longer the initial and final time setting of the geopolymer paste. Meanwhile, the higher the substitution of non-calcined red soil the lower the compression strength of the geopolymer paste. Furthermore, geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 2.0 will has longer initial and final setting than geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 1.0. Geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 2.0 will has higher compression strength than geopolymer paste with ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH = 1.0. All the relationships between the substitution of non-calcined red soil and setting time or compression strength of geopolymer paste can be drawn in exponential function.
The use of natural fiber from oil palm empty fruit bunches for soft soil stabilization
Authors: Arifin Y F , Misnawati  , Normelani E
Published: November 2019

The use of natural fiber as a construction material, especially soil stabilization continues to grow. This paper focuses on the use of natural fiber to increase shear strength and bearing capacity of soft soil. The fiber used is obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a by-product of palm oil mills. Soft soil mixed with fiber with a composition of 5, 6, 7, and 8% fiber in the mixture. Some tests such as the standard compaction test, unconfined compression test, laboratory vane test, and California Bearing Ratio test were carried out. The results show that the soft soil used in this study can be compacted at fiber content higher than 5%. The maximum density obtained is 0.92 g/cm3 at 7% fiber content. The compacted soil-EFB mixtures successfully increase the shear strength and bearing capacity of the soft soil shown by the results of the UCT, laboratory vane, and CBR tests. The soil consistency changes from soft to medium soil. The maximum qu, su, and CBR obtained are 0.8 kg/cm2, 0.65 kg/cm2, and 6%, respectively at optimum fiber content of 6 to 7%.
Barriers and critical success factors towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries – A review
Authors: Chin Y H , Yong H N A
Published: November 2019

This study reviews existing literature to determine the barriers and critical success factors (CSFs) towards sustainable hazardous waste management in electronic industries. Sustainable hazardous waste management can considerably reduce the volume of wastes going to landfill sites and can therefore reduce the burden to the environment in terms of pollution prevention and greenhouse gaseous reduction. This goal is achievable through efforts, such as waste recovery, waste-to-energy technology and waste-to-raw material conversion. Hazardous waste in Malaysia mainly comes from recovery facilities, metal refinery, metal finishing and coating, cement manufacturing, petroleum refinery and chemical, electrical and electronic industry. The electrical and electronic industry is a major contributor of hazardous waste generated in Malaysia. Some hazardous wastes, such as heavy metal sludge, generated by electrical and electronic industries can be utilised as alternative fuel for cement industries. The residue produced subsequently can be utilised as raw material for cement manufacturing. Despite the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable hazardous waste management efforts amongst industries, they remain relatively weak. The identified barriers include (1) complexity of legal requirements, (2) lack of systems and tools, (3) hazardous waste quantity and quality, (4) lack of awareness about environmental and sustainability issues, (5) poor partnership/networking, (6) public resistance, (7) financial constraints, (8) lack of information and (9) insufficient environmental resources. Nevertheless, the benefits gained from adopting sustainable hazardous waste management will continuously encourage an increasing number of organisations to devote efforts onto it. The success of this initiative depends on a few critical factors, including (1) readiness of hazardous waste beneficiary, (2) economic and environmental benefits, (3) stakeholders’ pressure, (4) adoption of ISO14001, (5) effects on corporate image, (6) commitment from the top management and (7) incentives and reward.
Determining predictor variables of HC, CO, and CO2 emissions using decision tree models
Authors: Larasati A , Chen Y W , Hajji A M , Mahardika A F P , Darmawan V E B
Published: November 2019

HC, CO, and CO2 are three gasses emitted from heavy duty construction equipment, such as backhoe that contain carbon and hugely affect the environment. This research aims to determine predictor variables of HC, CO, and CO2 emissions level using decision tree. The emissions level is categorized into three classes: low, medium, and high. The predictor variables decision tree are related to the backhoe operation and specification, including backhoe type, engine technology tier, RPM, MAP, horsepower, backhoe age, and intake temperature. This study runs 12 cycles for each model to classify HC, CO, and CO2 level. The results indicate that each gas has a different order of the important level for the predictor variable. Decision tree model to classify HC emission level show the top three most important predictor variables are RPM, temperature, and MAP. On the other hand, the top three most important variables to classify CO are backhoe type, RPM, and temperature. The last decision tree model to classify CO2 level show RPM, MAP, and backhoe type as the most important predictor variables.
Financial economic cost on gravel road maintenance: study using HDM-4
Authors: Suwarto F , Fauziyah S
Published: November 2019

This study demonstrates the economic benefit analysis from two alternative project on gravel road surface using HDM-4 to access the most appropriate project and maintenance standard both in term of pavement remaining life and also road user cost (RUC). The two alternative projects will be treated with different work standards. First Alterative namely “Without Project” will only be maintain the existing project with grading every six months, spot re-gravelling to replace 30% of material lost each year, and gravel resurfacing. Second Alternative namely “With Project” will be maintaining and upgrading the existing road pavement to bituminous pavement in year 2019 for section A001-01 and for section A001-02 in year 2020, by doing grading every six months and spot re-gravelling to replace 30% of material lost each year. In conclusion, from two proposed alternatives, although it requires more funds at earlier stages ‘with project’ alternative is the most appropriate project considering the number of maintenance followed, overall road performance, RUC, and the values of NVP and IRR.
Development of surface ground motion and spectral acceleration based on modified shear wave propagation analysis
Authors: Partono W , Kistiani F , Sari U C , Haryadi  , Putro E , Ramadhan W R
Published: November 2019

The shear wave propagation analysis (SPA) is a method for developing surface ground motion and spectral acceleration by conducting seismic wave propagation from bedrock to surface elevation. The bedrock elevation and soil profile from bedrock through surface elevation are important information needed for SPA. The shear wave velocity, damping ratio, soil density and shear modulus are the four parameters that are needed for developing SPA. This paper describes a modified SPA for developing surface ground motion and spectral acceleration by conducting two different soil deposit model, actual and modified bedrock elevation models. The difference in the two models depends on the bedrock elevation used for SPA. The actual bedrock elevation model is conducted based on the real bedrock elevation observed using microtremor test. However, the second model is performed based on the final depth of soil boring investigation. The study was conducted at the Engineering Faculty of Diponegoro University. Based on the microtremor observation, the bedrock elevation was predicted at 50 metres below the surface level. However, two soil boring investigations conducted in this study area were stopped at 30 metres below the surface level. The surface ground motion and spectral acceleration developed from both models are almost equal.
Analysis of flood inundation in North Sunter on the North Sunter Polder system performance
Authors: Ignatius S , Soeryantono H , Anggraheni E , Sutjiningsih D
Published: November 2019

More than 40% area in Jakarta is below mean sea level which it causes inundation to occur every year in Jakarta. In order to solve this problem, the government developed Jakarta flood control management. Polder system is one of drainage system for areas that cannot drain water by gravity. There is one polder system located at North Jakarta named North Sunter Polder System. However, the inundation still occurs every year in that area. Based on the problem, the aim of this study is to analyse the cause of flood inundation in the area, it can be known by simulation using the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS applications. Based on the simulation results it is known that the cause of flood inundation in the North Sunter Polder system is due to the less optimum pump operation in the polder system. So that to overcome the flood inundation can be done by increasing pump capacity and changing the pump operating elevation.
Green Cimahi watershed for balancing water supply and flood control
Authors: Safarina A B , Karnisah I , Permana A S , Sufianto D
Published: November 2019

Lack and damage of clean water and also flooding occurred in Cimahi river basin. Water sources polluted by industry and human activities. The purpose of this study was to design the water balance model of the Cimahi watershed as a Green Watershed. The study locations were the Cimahi river, Cilember river, Cibeureum river and Cisangkan river, which flow through the city of Cimahi. The method used is the analysis of the rainfall runoff model with the hydrograph of convolution method in the four watersheds, land use analysis, runoff coefficient analysis, dilution model analysis, groundwater analysis and demographic analysis. The results of this study is Design Green Cimahi Watershed that re-functioning local drainage to maintain the hydrological storage capacity of all watersheds in the city of Cimahi, normalizing Cilember river to reach the width of the river by 5.6 m from the previous width of 1.5 m, and the river capacity which was 4.8 m3 / s to 42.37 m3 / s so that enough to accommodate Q50 flood discharge, enforcing the rule that every industry must process its waste through a waste processing plant, building Pasirkaliki retention ponds that can function for groundwater conservation, flood control and clean water needs.
A comparative study of deterministic approach for assessing liquefaction potential
Authors: Farichah H
Published: November 2019

SPT-based methods have been developed to evaluate liquefaction potential due to seismic loading. This method was evolved over time modified and updated by some researchers. This paper performed a comparative analysis of deterministic approach for assessing liquefaction potential. The selected case study site is in Taiwan which subjected to the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Furthermore, the oldest and most well-known method proposed by Seed et al. [3] was selected to identify the liquefaction potential. Moreover, a method from Idriss and Boulanger. [6] in which stated as the most suitable method for a certain case in Indonesia, was also conducted. The recent updated method of Cetin et al. [12] which has considered some seismic parameter from the recent seismic events was also utilized in quantifying liquefaction potential. Despite the fact that liquefaction potential is expressed by the factor of safety in deterministic method, some liquefaction parameters including rd
(stress reduction coefficient), CSR (Cyclic stress ratio), (N1)60CS (fines-corrected N1,60 value), and FS (factor of safety) were quantified by these methods and then compared. The results show that rd
and CSR calculated by Cetin et al. [12] is lower than that of Seed et al. [3] and Idriss and Boulanger [6]. The FS from Idriss and Boulanger [6] is lower as compared to the two methods; Seed et al. [3] and Cetin et al. [12].
The experimental compressive strength of normal and self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Nuralinah D , Arifi E , Setyowulan D
Published: November 2019

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an innovation in the technology of making concrete that does not require a compaction process to fill the formwork. In this study, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was used as constituent material in both normal and SCC concrete. The aggregate was obtained from ready mix concrete waste with the quality of K300-K350, which was crushed into a size of 5-10 mm (25%) and 10-20 mm (75%). Concrete was cast into concrete cylinders, size of 15x30 cm then treated and tested at 28 days. In SCC concrete, superplasticizer is used, but fly ash was not used in the concrete mixture. The compressive test results show that normal concrete has a higher compressive strength than self-compacted concrete. This is due to the high amount of coarse aggregate that used in normal concrete. The results are almost corresponding with modulus of elasticity.
The effect of sea water soak on asphalt porous characteristics with and without waste of rubber tire waste as an asphalt addictive
Authors: Mawarni O S T , Fauziah M
Published: November 2019

The use of rubber tire scraded in the developement of porous asphalt technology as a part of flexible pavement aims to minimize the adverse effects of transportation facilities. The use of rubber tire scraded as an asphalt modifier in the pavement can provide several benefits, including reducing reflective cracking on overlays, reducing maintenance cost, increaseing resistance to new pavement cracking and rutting, increasing skid resistance an pavement age. This paper presents laboratory investigation on the effect of seawater immersion on porous asphalt performance using rubber tire scraded. Method use in laboratory investigation is based on AAPA 2004 and Bina Marga 2010. The results showed the permeability all types of mixture indicator “moderate drainage”. The results of testing the Marshall characteristics showed a decrease in the value of stability, flow, and MQ in the porous asphalt mixture with Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt as the duration of sea water immersion increased. The porous asphalt mixture using Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt has Index of Retained Strength values which tend to decrease with increasing sea water immersion duration. Indirect Tensile Stength test results due to seawater submersion indicate a decrease in ITS value in porous asphalt mixtures with Pen 60/70 asphalt and rubber asphalt. The Cantabro test results showed an increase along with the increasing duration of seawater immersion.
The gaps of passive strategy option in Indonesia’s green building regulation
Authors: Sahid  , Sumiyati Y , Purisari R
Published: November 2019

Implementing building regulations that could encourage stakeholders to apply the green building concept is one of the effort that could be done to realize a green city. Implementation of green building passive strategies, through the elaboration of building design that fit to the condition of the surrounding environment, are believed to be a solution to achieve optimal green building performance. Currently, the government has set a regulation as representation of green building policy (at least three green building regulations, namely Green Building Decree of Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation, Governor DKI Regulation of Green Building and Bandung’s Major Regulation of Green Building) and experts have also set up a rating system to support the green building policy. This study aims to determine the accommodation of passive strategies in regulations, as a policy representation of green building, by matching the availability of strategic options on those three regulations. It seems that efforts are still needed to complement and affirm the need for the application of the passive strategy of green buildings in order to obtain maximum benefits from the implementation of the concept of green building.
Flexural behaviour of the functionally graded concrete beams using two-layers and three-layers configuration
Authors: Pratama M M A , Vertian T , Umniati B S , Yoh W H
Published: November 2019

Studies related to the bending behaviour of functionally graded concrete (FGC) beams are still investigated to explore the possibility of the more cost-efficient casting techniques and to produce high-performance FGC beam elements simultaneously. Previous researches show that the manufacture of FGC beams by combining two concrete mixes in two layers can increase the stiffness of the elements but it reduces the beam ductility. Research concentrating on the FGC beams with additional numbers of concrete layers was analysed in this study. Four pieces of FGC beams measuring 120 x 240 x 2200 mm were prepared with concrete strength of 25 MPa (NA); 30 MPa(NB); 30-20 MPa (GBA); and 30-20-30 MPa (GBAB). The specimens were tested in the laboratory using a four-point bending method. The experimental data consisting of the load increments and the mid-span deflections are further analysed to compare the resulting (1) maximum load-carrying capacity; (2) maximum deflection; (3) beam stiffness; (4) moment-curvature; and (5) ductility. The result shows that (1) the GBAB exhibited 0.83% greater maximum loads than the GBA; (2) the GBAB deflected 29.52% lesser than the GBA; (3) the GBAB posses stiffness 12.03% greater than the GBA; (4) the GBAB exhibited higher resulting yield points and ultimate state than the GBA at the moment-curvature relationship; and (5) the GBAB was 20.06% less ductile than the GBA.
The optimal damper placement configuration for three-dimensional RC building
Authors: Sulaksitaningrum R , Umniati B S , Ellsa Sarassantika I P , Casita C B , Pratama M M A , Santoso E , Sulton M
Published: November 2019

During an earthquake, high-rise buildings attempt to dissipate energy by generating swaying motion, which causes inevitable building damage. The dampers or passive energy dissipation devices can significantly diminish the energy emitted by earthquakes and reduce building damage accordingly. Especially for high-rise building structures constructed in an earthquake-prone area, it is necessary to install a sufficient number of dampers to reduce the building response. The passive energy dissipation devices present such an optimal performance depends on their locations in the building structures. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to observe an optimal placement configuration of passive energy devices lest excessive installment of the devices. The proposed approach is performance-based optimizations, which seismic performance of buildings considered is story drift of the building. This study focuses on optimizing fluid viscous dampers (FVD) placement incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) regular RC building structure. The result shows that fluid viscous dampers (FVD) when incorporated into three-dimensional of regular RC building structures can modify the performance of the building to fulfill the code standard of allowable drift ratio. It will be then suggested to be prevention acts to improve the performance of high-rise buildings under earthquakes excitation. Hence, the protection of the occupants therein can be accomplished.
The role of the fire safety management in providing a guarantee of a fire protection: The case of Graha Rektorat building of State University of Malang
Authors: Sari A A , Rafrita F K , Rahayuningsih T , Alfianto I
Published: November 2019

The safety of building’s occupants is one of the most important things that should be considered in the design and construction process of a building. The provision of a reliable fire protection system could be the best way to provide a guarantee for fire safety. However, in a high-rise building, the evacuation process could be a problem when the occupants do not really understand about the evacuation procedure. Thus, a good fire safety management system is also needed to ensure that both the fire protection system and the evacuation procedure could run well when the accident happen. Through observation, documents review, and interview with the member of fire protection management as well as the building’s occupants, this paper intends to assess the fire safety management organisation and its role to support the fire safety protection system of the 9th-floor building of Graha Rektorat of the State University of Malang. The assessment conducted will be based on regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 on the fire safety protection and evacuation. It was found that the organisation of the fire safety management of the Graha Rektorat building is need to be optimized to meet the requirement of the regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 as to serve a better support for the fire safety protection system in that building.
Intelligent System for Gearbox Fault Detection & Diagnosis Based on Vibration Analysis using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Romahadi Dedik , Xiong Hui , Pranoto Hadi
Published: November 2019

Moving energy from one machine to another and functioning to reduce speed while increasing torque is the ability of the gearbox. Due to many components and the structure between the components is fairly complex, thus to be able to detect the initial damage, sophisticated methods is needed. Vibration analysis is a method that has been effective in detecting the initial damage that occurs in machine. But it takes time and costs are not small to implement. The purpose of this study is to create an intelligent system capable of detecting gearbox damage based on data obtained from vibration measurements. Merging of two methods of vibration analysis and Bayesian networks is done to be able to design the system with the expected results. A series of multistate nodes are applied to the network and a system review is performed. Results are given and compared with results provided by the manual analysis. The results indicate that the system is feasible and reasonable which can assist inidentifying gearbox damages. This study definitively answers the problem of how to design an expert system capable of replacing the work of an expert on vibration analysis services.
Design and Prototyping of Weigh-In-Motion and Overload Detection System for Freight Vehicle
Authors: Masyhur A H , Nurprasetio I P , Budiman B A , Utomo T P B
Published: November 2019

The high number of freight vehicles that exercised overloading in Indonesia has led to a significant reduction in the quality of road pavement. The obsolete overload detection system using weigh bridges have been ineffective, since it requires vehicles to maneuver and enter the weighing station. In the above system, after manual checking, overloaded vehicles will be penalized. The Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) device that is developed in this research utilized a bending plate sensor with strain gage. As overloaded vehicle runs over the WIM, axle weight will be automatically recorded, and the data is processed further to assess the compliance to maximum freight weight as specified for the vehicle. In this research work, the WIM prototype is developed and tested using motorcycle under normal operation and overloaded conditions at different speeds. Arduino based signal processing and analysis system has been developed such that the overload detection may be performed automatically. When the system senses an overloaded vehicle, it will automatically trigger the alarm and a camera will capture the vehicle. The error of the prototype is within acceptable range and the system has shown the potential to detect whether the vehicle, i.e., the motorcycle, is overloaded or not. As a continuation, the development of a reliable microcontroller-based WIM and a robust automatic overloaded freight vehicle will be our future work.
Review of the Topology and Energy Management Hybrid Energy Storage on Electric Vehicle
Authors: Fitri Desanti Ayuning , Uta Nugraha Yoga , Nur Yuniarto M , Wikarta Alief
Published: November 2019

There are several ways to improve the mileage of the electric vehicle (EV). High-efficiency drivetrain and high energy density are the main factors. Energy storage source for EV obtained from the battery, ultra-capacitor (UC) and fuel cells (FC). Each of that has own characteristics and capacity. The battery has a good energy density, UC and FC are superiors on power density. Combining some of the energy storage will improve performance and mileage. On this paper, the topology of combining energy storage are reviewed. In addition, also review the power management strategy of hybrid energy storage. By using a convenient strategy, hybrid energy storage becomes very worth.
Increasing the weight of onion bulbs due to the reduction of Spodoptera exigua using a portable light trap
Authors: Wulandari R , Santoso R E , Prasetiyo D , Lestari A , Mizar A , Puspitasari P
Published: November 2019

Red onion is one of the strategic horticultural commodities whose distribution is almost in all regions of Indonesia. The problem of this this commodity is the low productivity resulting from the Spodoptera exigua pest attack. Based on the problem above, the purpose of this research is to design a portable pest control lamp. This lamp will be measured its effectiveness in trapping pests. This study also aims to determine the effect of trap effectiveness on increasing the weight of onion bulbs. This study used a randomized block design with 3 treatments. The observed variables were the number of pest catches in each treatment as well as the weight of onion bulbs produced by the land that was placed in each treatment. The results showed that T3, a trap with a constant light, was the best treatment with an average yield of S. exigua catch reaching 126.75 S. exigua. The second best results were given by T2 and T1 with an average catch reaching 74.75 and 46.75. The best weight is also given by T3 with an average weight reaching 116 g. The second best results were given by T2 and T1 with an average weight of 96 g and 85 g.
Closed Drain Transfer Pump Failure Analysis using Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) Method
Authors: Hidayat M F , Warjito
Published: November 2019

Maintenance is a process carried out to maintain the reliability of individual/group assets. Positive displacement type pumps are commonly used in closed drainage systems as transfer pumps in oil and gas processing plants. However, there are times when the pump fails which requires further effort to prevent the failure from recurring. Efforts that can be made to overcome this are using the method of Analysis of the Root Failure (Root Cause Failure Analysis). The RCFA method uses recollection of evidence related to design, procurement, and operation of a tool to find root causes and latent causes of problems. As a result of gaps found between the design process, procurement which leads to the root cause of pump failure, this study recommends pump-operating companies to pay more attention to piping installation to support pump performance and coordination between owner, design, and procurement to prevent this failure from recurring.
Numerical Simulation of a Small-Scale Cyclone Separator using MP-PIC Method
Authors: Wargadalam V J , Andira M A , Putra C A , Siswantara A I , Gunadi G G R , Hariyotejo  , Damis C , Aminuddin
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a numerical study of a small-scale cyclone separator performance by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The family of Euler-Lagrange approach named multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) is employed for modelling gas-solid interaction. The three-dimensional small-scale cyclone separator geometry was discretized with hexahedral-dominant mesh. The gas phase is assumed to be a flue gas which density is 0.363 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity is 7.47E-5 Pa s. The solid particles are catalyst used in a small-scale fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit which are having 2400 kg/m3 of density and diameters vary from 90 µm to 130 µm. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model was used to accurately predict turbulent flow behaviour of flue gas inside the cyclone. The simulation was performed for 7.82 m/s inlet velocity for both flue gas and catalyst. The pressure drop and catalyst collection efficiency were the variables of interest to be analysed, which were compared to the analytical solutions. It was found that the results generated from numerical simulation using MP-PIC method reflect a good agreement with the analytical solutions.
Optimization of Nozzle Number, Nozzle Diameter and Number of Bucket of Pelton Turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Taguchi Methods
Authors: Leman O Y , Wulandari R , Bintara R D
Published: November 2019

Along with the depletion of fossil fuel reserves in Indonesia, water resources can be used as an alternative source of energy. Pelton turbines are one type of water turbine that can be used. However, Pelton turbines still have weaknesses in terms of determining the optimal number of buckets and nozzles. This study aims to optimize the experimental variations in the number of buckets (Nb
), the diameter of the nozzle (Dj
), and the number of nozzles (Nj
) on the efficiency of the Pelton Turbine. The number of buckets was varied namely 24 and 27 pieces, nozzle diameter 5.5 mm and 7 mm, and number of nozzles using a single nozzle and double nozzle with horizontal direction. The research design began with Design of Experiment (DoE) using Taguchi method in Minitab 18.0. The next step was to calculate and then designed turbine using Autodesk Inventor 2016. The turbine design was then simulated using ANSYS Fluent 17.0 Workbench. The calculation of the largest efficiency using the number of 27 buckets double nozzle 5.5 mm producing an efficiency of 64, 69%. Based on Taguchi optimization delta result, the most influential variable on the efficiency was the nozzle diameter (M=0.1943).
Comparison of Jet Diffusion Flame Characteristics and Flame Temperature of Dimethyl Ether (DME) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Authors: Anggarani R , Wibowo C S , Maymuchar  , Dhiputra I M K
Published: November 2019

Dimethyl Ether (DME) is currently considered as alternative to be used as energy source. Its similar physical properties with LPG made it possible to be used in household gas stove using same apparatus. Concern comes on its combustion properties regarding its lower calorific value than LPG. This research aimed to investigate the jet diffusion flame characteristics of DME compare to LPG in terms of flame height and lift-off flame, with correlation being made with fuel flow rate and burner hole diameter. The flame temperature is also measured on the same experiments. The results show that DME produce lower flame height than LPG. The flame height produced by both fuels were independent to burner hole diameter. The transitional regime in term of Reynold number is differ significantly between DME and LPG where DME reach the transitional regime at lowerRe. The flame temperature of DME at nozzle tip and dark zone is higher than LPG.
The Effect of Biogas Pressure in the Performance and Emission of Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Suyitno  , Ridwan  , Arifin Z. , Pranolo S H
Published: November 2019

Biogas is a renewable energy which can be used for fuel in the internal combustion engine and produce electricity by using a generator. On a small scale, electricity generation from biogas is important and attractive for special purposes especially for the areas which are not connected to the main electricity network or which are plenty of sources of biomass waste. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and emissions of the internal combustion engine using the biogas fuel. The study was conducted by a simulation using ASPEN HYSYS and by experiment. The biogas pressure was varied from 0 to 4 barg. The results show that the highest power and efficiency were obtained at 700 W and 14.2%, respectively. The use of pressurized biogas can increase efficiency by 1%. Low CO and HC emissions and high CO2 emissions indicate that combustion occurs completely.
Ergonomics in Mining: Participatory Approach in Indonesian Tin Mining
Authors: Priyoko Prayitnoadi R , Lawson Glyn , Ryan Brendan , Hermawati Setia
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the investigation of the acceptability and suitability of Participatory Ergonomics (PE) interventions within tin mining companies. The study was conducted by scenario-based-design (SBD) method and questionnaire with participants from small medium enterprises (SMEs) tin companies. Five companies and fifteen participants were involved in this study. The acceptance of participatory ergonomics through SBD study revealed positive in Indonesian tin mining companies The study shows that support from occupational safety and health (OSH) authorities are needed in order to strengthen workers’ knowledge in ergonomics and good safety practices and to allow them to implement ergonomics through training and the participatory approach. The results of this study may contribute towards the implementation of PE. As a consequence of improved implementation, tin mining accidents may be reduced.
Modification of coolant fluid controller for minimum quantity lubrication (mql) methods with use of arduino uno-based control system
Authors: Amin Zulkifli , Eru Putra Meiki , Hari Mulyadi Ismet , Desfiandra Ardi
Published: November 2019

Coolant is important in the machining process. Excessive and uncontrolled use of coolant can cause high production costs, affect the human health and the waste of coolant polluting the environment. One method that has been used to reduce the amount of coolant is the limiting coolant distribution method or commonly called MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication). The MQL equipment which is available in the market has a relatively expensive, so a prototype of a coolant control system of MQL method has been designed and made. However, the prototype made not meet the desired specifications then a modified control system is added to the prototype. Prototype performance is compared before and after the control system being added. The duration of fluid drop and the output capacity of the fluid sprayed are measured to test the function of the device. It is found that with the addition of modified control systems, the performance of MQL cooling regulator is improved, but it is applied mostly for fluids which have viscosity ranging about viscosity of oil and cooking oil. For cooking oil fluid, the MQL tool performance increase as the capacity of the fluid decreases due to the control system being applied at all case of air valve openings for the diameter orifice of 2 mm. It is also found that at the aperture of the air valve of ¼, with a 10 second delay time and an orifice diameter of 2 mm, the capacity coolant sprayed is reduced from 107.348 ml/hr to 89.609 ml/hr when the modified control system is added. For the Bromus fluid, the capacity of the fluid decreases as the control system being applied. The MQL tool performance increase only occur in the smallest valve opening of ¼ that is about 9 to 26%. However, the capacity of Bromus types of fluid increase as the air valve openings increase.