bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of YB66 Nanowires
Authors: Tan S. , Jash P. , Trenary M.
Published: August 2017

The objective of the current research is to synthesize yttrium boride (YB66) nanowires. Catalyst assisted growth of the nanowires under the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis method was performed in a quartz tube furnace. The pyrolysis of diborane (B2H6) gas over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) powders with a thermally coated layer of nickel catalyst was carried out. The reaction conditions were at 925o C and a pressure of 390 mTorr with varying reaction times. SEM analysis has shown the growth of nanowires with diameters around 400 nm. A catalyst particle was also seen at the tip of the nanowires, confirming growth by the VLS mechanism. Other analysis techniques that were used include Raman spectroscopy and TEM analysis. The Raman spectra of the nanowires were in good agreement with a Raman spectrum obtained on a YB66 single crystal. However, no other evidence was obtained that the nanowires contained yttrium or that the nanowires consisted of YB66.
Spatiotemporal electrophysiology of cerebral ischemia observed using chronic electrode array in auditory cortex
Authors: Huberty M.T. , Tek P. , Rousche P.J.
Published: August 2017

Stroke research is of considerable societal value in an age in which the scourge is a leading cause of disability and the third-leading cause of death in the United States. While previous studies investigate the electrophysiology of stroke, none examine the long-term time-course of stroke recovery in the auditory cortex, the objective of this study. An electrode was implanted in the auditory cortex of two anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, stroke was induced in one of the subjects using photothrombosis, and daily electrical recordings were made while each subject was presented with a click stimulus every 500 ms. Peri-stimulus time histograms reveal that in the control subject, the second stimulus-evoked bursts peak decreased the day following implantation (Day 1) but returned almost to its Day 0 (day of surgery) value by Day 5, representing recovery from implantation trauma. The mean firing rate decreased logarithmically from its Day 0 value of 90 Hz to 10 Hz by Day 8, revealing decreasing electrode viability. In the stroke subject, the second stimulus-evoked bursts peak was undetected Day 1, but was detected again on Day 4, elucidating that the rat auditory cortex regains function as stroke recovery progresses.
Plasma Assisted Synthesis of a Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst
Authors: Lopez C. , Meyers D. , Saddawi A. , Saveliev A. , Brezinsky K.
Published: August 2017

A novel method for the production of a nano-structured molybdenum carbide catalyst using non-thermal plasma is described. This synthesis involves the carburization of a molybdenum metal powder precursor using ethylene as the carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of a Mo2C-β crystal structure and a 9�2 nm layer of what was suspected to be Mo2C absent in the molybdenum precursor. Catalytic testing in the water gas shift reaction (WGS) showed no difference in activity between the unreduced synthesis product and the control run.
Nanofluidic transport and formation of nano-emulsions
Authors: Chando P.A. , Ray S.S. , Yarin A.L.
Published: August 2017

The focus of this research is to study fluidic transport through carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes studied were formed by electrospinning Polycaplrolactone (PCL) nanofibers and then using them as channel templates in colyacrylamide blocks which were carbonized. A pressure driven flow is initiated through the nanochannels and the rate of emulsion formation is recorded with a CCD camera. Theoretical calculations are conducted for nanochannels because in many experiments, the nanochannels studied have two-phase flows, which make direct application of Poiseuille law impossible. The model used for the calculations is a slit with two fluid layers in between. In particular, in many experiments, decane-air system is of interest. The calculations are carried out using the Navier-Stokes equations. The results of the model are used to evaluate experimental volumetric flow rates and find the distribution of air and decane in the nanochannels.
Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2 on Silicon/Copper-patterned Substrates
Authors: Jablansky A. , Rossero A. Jorge I. , Jursich G. , Takoudis C.G.
Published: August 2017

As microelectronic devices shrink, thinner diffusion barrier layers are needed to separate the copper and silicon substrates while leaving the copper vias open for conduction. Selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titanium dioxide(TiO2), a good barrier layer, onto silicon was studied by minimizing the exposure time to air of these substrates immediately before deposition. The minimized exposure time mimicked industrial conditions, where waiting before deposition is costly. Tetrakis(diethylamido)titanium (TDEAT) was used as the precursor, and water was the oxidizing agent. TDEAT was first deposited on silicon wafers using ALD to verify a steady, linear growth rate reported in the literature, and the measured rate of 0.9 ± 0.1 Å/cycle is consistent with values previously reported. Minimized exposure to air had no effect on the growth rate of TiO2 on silicon, and the effect on copper has yet to be determined.
Optimization of Protein Immobilization in Microfludic Devices for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture
Authors: Gaskill M.M. , Launiere C.A. , Eddington D.T.
Published: August 2017

The isolation of metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within the blood using microfluidic devices is a promising method for the detection of cancer. In this study, protein patterning of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and anti-epitheal-cell-adhesion-molecule (Anti-EpCAM) within microfluidic channels is utilized to improve the capture efficiency. To create this protein patterning the protein immobilization method must first be optimized to allow for maximum capture of CTCs and minimal increase in the flow rate of cells through the device due to added coating thickness. Proteins are immobilized in alternating regions using photo-initiated graft polymerization of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a silanization reaction. Using interferometer measurements and fluorescent tagging, PAA height was minimized and protein immobilization was optimized.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of N5-Carboxyaminoimidazole Ribonucleotide Mutase (Class I PurE) in Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Silas M. , Wolf N. , Fung L.W.M.
Published: August 2017

Anthrax, the infection caused by the Gram-positive pathogen Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), is fatal if untreated, and some strains of B. anthracis have been found to be resistant to currently available antibiotics. The development of broad spectrum antibiotics is needed to treat the resistive strains. In antibiotic development, we have targeted B. anthracis Class I PurE enzyme (Ba PurE) as a unique and necessary enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway, since the inactivation of this gene prevents B. anthraci growth in human serum, resulting in decreased bacterial proliferation. To identify inhibitors to $Ba$PurE, structural information on the substrate binding to its active site is needed. However, it is difficult to obtain crystals of Ba PurE with the substrate molecule in its binding site since upon binding to PurE, the substrate molecule is converted to the product molecule. An alternative approach is to create mutants of PurE that exhibit no enzymatic activity and do not convert the substrate to product, but still allow the substrate to bind to the active site. Then, the structure of mutant PurE with bound substrate can be obtained. We have identified a histidine residue at position 70 as the target of mutation to give an inactive enzyme. After successfully preparing the recombinant protein H70N, we have found that it exhibited no enzyme activity. This mutant will be useful in future experimentation to identify inhibitors of Ba PurE.
Comparison of FEFF9 results of metallic niobium and niobium oxides to EELS
Authors: Arnold A. , Tao R. , Klie R.F.
Published: August 2017

FEFF 9, using the full multiple scattering theory, is used in order to model electron energy-loss near-edge structure for Nb and the Nb oxides. This study explores the basic functions of FEFF 9 code, as well as some of its features including the concepts of convergence and the effect of core holes. It also goes on to show how the results of FEFF 9 compare with actual experimental EELS results. Although FEFF 9 is not as accurate as DFT calculations when used properly it can provide much faster results that are comparable to those obtained by DFT.
Solvent Selection for Carbon Capture from Emissions of Coal Fired Power Plants
Authors: Gennis E. , Dikewar U.
Published: August 2017

Approximately 41% of electric power across the globe is generated by the combustion of coal.1 Over the past 40 years many countries have passed legislation that define legally acceptable rates of pollution. Emission rates of sulfurous oxides and nitrous oxides have been hindered, but large amounts of carbon dioxide are still being released into the atmosphere. It is possible to chemically absorb the carbon dioxide gas into a liquid solvent but an effective and economical solvent must be selected.
Tunability of Atomic Layer Deposition of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconium Oxide for use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Walter A. , Xu R. , Jursich G. , Takoudis C.G.
Published: August 2017

Thin films of yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) were successfully deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). YSZ was deposited on p-Si(100) by ALD using Tris(isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl)yttrium [(iPrCp)3Y] and tris(dimethylamino)cyclopentadienylzirconim [ZyALD] as metal precursors and ozone as oxidant. The normalized ALD cycle ratio of yttria cycles / total cycles used in making these films was varied to investigate the tunability of this process. Spectral ellipsometry was used to measure the thickness of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were used to evaluate the composition and binding environments of as-deposited YSZ films. The normalized cycle ratio and the yttrium atomic percentage (Y atoms / metal atoms) have a linear relationship with a strong correlation, implying excellent tunability for this process. The binding environment analyses determine the oxidation state of the metals and show that decreasing the cycle ratio decreases the extent of yttrium hydroxidation.
Optimization for Sustainability of Integrated Ecological-Economic Model System of Planet
Authors: Schwarz M. , Diwekar U.
Published: August 2017

In order to successfully understand and attempt to increase the sustainability of a system, the dynamic relationship between the many dimensions of sustainability need to be understood. Through the use of mathematical models, future scenarios can be studied which can be used to possibly develop policy guidelines. The model used in this article is an integrated ecological-economic model which incorporates a simplified ecological food web, a macro-economic framework, and a rudimentary legal system. By altering certain constraints within the model, the scenarios of a population explosion and an increase in per capita consumption can be evaluated. Dynamic optimization, specifically discretized non-linear programming, is then used to develop regulatory policies using Fisher Information as a measure of sustainability.
The Smart Grid and its Eects on Utilities, Consumers and Energy Storage
Authors: Gilbert A.
Published: August 2017

U.S. electrical utilities have started a major renovation of the electrical grid infrastructure tointegrate IT technology to the existing grid, creating a Smart Grid. Until this recent conversion, theelectric grid has remained relatively unchanged for over 100 years.As the Smart Grid is installed,there will be benets such as higher reliability, increased system eciency and the integration of newgreener technology. Energy storage technology could have the opportunity to provide relief on thegrid, especially during peaks of demand. However, the smart grid is not without its opponents due toconcerns of public health, cost and privacy.The purpose of this paper is to explore the conversion ofthe existing grid infrastructure to a Smart Grid and how it will aect electricity consumers, utilitiesand the integration of energy storage technology on the grid.
A Review of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Plants onthe Grid
Authors: Flores E.
Published: August 2017

Thermal Energy Storage has improved the dispatch ability of Concentrated Solar Power Plants(CSP), a renewable source of energy on the grid. Furthermore, Latent heat Thermal Energy Storage(LTES)shows potential as a storage technology by further reducing costs and improving eciencyfor CSP plants. This papers reviews the goals for LTES, the developments in phase change materialsfor LTES, the types of system congurations possible, and the challenges that LTES face. Fromthe scientic literature available, LTES systems can meet TES goals, and research is progressing inmaking it a scalable technology for CSP plants.
Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries: Dangers and Safety Measures
Authors: Lee E.
Published: August 2017

Due to various economic, environmental, and political pressures, the automotive industry is be-ginning to put greater research eorts towards developing alternative energy storage technologies forvehicles, with a particular focus on lithium-ion batteries. This new technology poses new dangerswhich requires new technology to mitigate these dangers. Current and immediately next-generationsafety concerns and technologies are reviewed.
Storage and Generation for Clean Renewable Transportation
Authors: Barrett J
Published: August 2017

Current technology advancements have made renewable power generation and electric vehicles feasible in today's market. As these technologies continue to merge into our systems, they create a need for energy storage and greater demand for clean power. The electric vehicle and the grid are going to be integrated due to the charging need of the EV. By developing the technologies together with smart communications, they can help solve issues with a reward or solution for each industry. Vehicle and grid connectivity is of the upmost importance as Electric Vehicles (EV) come online. Communications and infrastructure upgrades are going to be needed as renewables and EV technology develops. Renewable energy production tends to be intermittent and will require storage. Adaptation of the Electric Vehicle depends on a better battery. As we strive to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels the electric vehicles are becoming part of our means of transportation. These changes are creating a greater need for renewable electric generation to power these vehicles and reduce fossil fuel usage. As additional renewable power generation comes onto the grid, the need for storage is increased. Electric vehicles will also create a large demand on the grid for charging the batteries. Utilizing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid, and improved communications can solve these hurdles.
Energy Storage Methods - Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage - A Review
Authors: Holla R.V.
Published: August 2017

Energy storage is very important for electricity as it improves the way electricity is generated,delivered and consumed. Storage of energy helps during emergencies such as power outages fromnatural calamities, equipment failures, accidents etc. It is very challenging to balance the powersupply needs with the demand instantaneously within milliseconds. This makes power networksmore resilient and ecient. Storage of excess energy, to meet the ever increasing levels of primaryenergy derived from renewable sources needs further development and advancement. The intro-duction of environmentally-conscious policies to lower greenhouse gas emissions and increase thesecurity of energy supplies heavily in uences the market rules today. All these factors have led toexplore renewable energy sources, their use to meet the ever increasing energy demand and electricalenergy storage (EES). One of the energy storage methods, superconducting magnetic energy storage(SMES),will be discussed in this paper.
Microgrids with Storage
Authors: Nelson T.
Published: August 2017

The existing electrical grid infrastructure is aging and based on century old systems and ap-proaches to electrical delivery. Microgrid technology oers many advancements and benets to thefuture of the electrical grid. This paper looks at the inner makings of microgrids and their imple-mentation. This paper examines various storage methods within microgrids, a key benet to theirutilization, as well as a brief look at various microgrid control functions and issues. Regulatoryissues are covered to address the potential wide spread expansion of microgrids and their ability tobe the cornerstone of the electrical grid in the future.
Exploring the Application of Flipped Classrooms on EFL Saudi Students' Speaking Skill
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Manal , Al-Bargi Abdullah
Published: August 2017

This qunatitatively based research utilising quasi experimental design, sought to explore the effect of implementing the flipped classroom (FC) pedagogical approach on female, preparatory year program (PYP) English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at the English Language Institute (ELI), King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Saudi Arabia. An experimental group as well as a control group were assigned in this study. The data collection was carried out using multiple sources, including pre- and post-speaking achievement tests in addition to two custom designed questionnaires. The results revealed that the FC did not sufficiently enhance the experimental group’s speaking skill to cause a statistical significance in comparison to the controlled group. On the other hand, students held a positive attitude toward the FC experiment and the used instructional videos. The study also aims to enlighten and familiarise EFL colleagues within the context of Saudi Arabia, as well EFL colleagues from around the world, with this pedagogical approach in the area of EFL education. Conclusions and recommendations for future research studies are presented at the end of this paper.
Marfan Syndrome: A Clinical Update
Authors: Bitterman Adam D. , Sponseller Paul D.
Published: August 2017

Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can affect many organ systems. Affected patients present with orthopaedic manifestations of the syndrome during all phases of life. Pain caused by musculoskeletal abnormalities often requires definitive orthopaedic treatment. Orthopaedic surgeons must understand the phenotypes of Marfan syndrome so they can recognize when screening is warranted and can appropriately address the skeletal manifestations. Through medical advancements, patients with Marfan syndrome are living longer and more active lives. Knowledge of the latest diagnostic criteria for the disorder, as well as of advances in understanding the skeletal phenotype, clinical trials of medication therapy, and lifestyle considerations is important for orthopaedic surgeons who treat these patients because these clinicians often are the first to suspect Marfan syndrome and recommend screening.
The Crankshaft Phenomenon
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Mooney James F.
Published: August 2017

The crankshaft phenomenon, a progressive rotational and angular spinal deformity that can occur after posterior spinal surgery, has been reported in pediatric patients with idiopathic, congenital, and neuromuscular scoliosis. In the skeletally immature patient, the crankshaft phenomenon is thought to occur secondary to continued growth of the anterior elements of the spine after solid posterior spinal fusion. The condition has also been reported in the setting of newer, so-called growth-friendly posterior distraction-based spinal instrumentation. The clinical evidence of crankshaft phenomenon is often subtle, whereas radiographic findings are usually more apparent. However, objective measurement of radiographic signs may be complicated by instrumentation and postoperative changes. Treatment options for patients with the crankshaft phenomenon are limited; in those with problematic deformity and/or risk of progression, additional surgery may be indicated.
Misconception on the Authority Abuse of Power in the Law Enforcement against Corruption
Authors: Sadjijono Sadjijono , Santoso Bagus Teguh
Published: August 2017

Law No. 30/ 2014 on Government Administration brings the strength and the averment on the performance of the governmental functions which include executive, legislative, and juridical in order to provide the public services (bestuurzorg). Such regulation also aims to prevent and to eliminate any kinds of the maladministration done by the government officials/organs in implementing their functions so that good governance can be realized. In implementing their function, the government should rely on the useful performance (doelmatigheid) and the effectiveness (doeltreffenhgeid) according to the norms of each authority. It is a sophism when the ‘authority’ and/or the ‘competence’ mentioned under the Law No. 30/ 2014 on Government Administration are defined differently in the letterlijk gramatikal wet without associating those terms with an understanding of bevoegheid in an administrative legal concept. An idea that distinctively defines the term ‘competence’ as a right and ‘authority’ as a power is considered as an inconsistent idea, which may cause dualism and distortion in the common law enforcement reffering to the administrative law, particularly related to the concept of the authority abuse of power mentioned under the Law No. 31/ 1999 amended by the Law No. 20/ 2001 on deeds against corruption. As the result, when the notion of ‘authority abuse of power’ is defined as a right (as mentioned in article 1, subsection 5 jo. article 17, Law No. 30/ 2014 on Government Administration), it will be characterized into the absolute competence of the administrative jurisdiction, and when the notion of ‘authority abuse of power’ is defined as a power (as mentioned in article 3, Law No. 31/ 1999 on deeds against corruption), it will be characterized into the absolute competence of the corruption-act jurisdiction. Meanwhile, implementing the government’s ‘competence’ and/or ‘authority’ is characterized into one concept based on the norms of the authority power.
Bottom structure of selected basins in The Port of Gdynia
Authors: Dworniczak Janusz , Wróblewski Radosław , Rudowski Stanisław , Sitkiewicz Patryk , Bieszk Malwina
Published: August 2017

Bottom structure of the basins in the Port of Gdynia, Poland, was analysed based on the archival materials of the Department of Operational Oceanography of Marine Institute in Gdańsk, particularly seismic profiles and macroscopic descriptions of sediment cores. Seismic profiling and core collection were performed in selected basins and within the fairway. The rich source material was used to draw a detailed bathymetric map of the bottom of the basins, a map of surface sediments, and a synthetic geological cross-section. A considerable variation in bottom depth within the analysed basins was observed. Bedrock sediments comprised Miocene sands and silts covered with glacial and fluvioglacial sediments, which reach the surface of the water, especially in the central part of the fairway. Within the eastern part of the fairway, fluvioglacial sediments are covered with marine sediments related to the Littorina transgression. Within the inner port and in the outport, a series of glacial and fluvioglacial sediments are covered with a thick (about 10 m) series of glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments, which in turn is covered with fluvial and deltaic sediments. The surface of the bottom is composed of contemporary, anthropogenically modified sediments. The map of surface sediments of the bottom corresponds to the geological map on the horizon of about 10 meters beneath land surface.
Variability of undrained shear strength cu within one organic soli layer
Authors: Załęski Krzysztof , Juszkiewicz Patryk , Szypulski Paweł
Published: August 2017

For the purpose of this article a program of geotechnical laboratory tests was performed on organic soil (mud) samples from one geological layer. All undisturbed samples were taken within the same excavation in square grid with a side about 30 cm. Differences between specimen parameters were found both at basic test results and at shear strength tests results. Based on all performed tests authors suggest carefulness in assuming geotechnical parameters of organic soil layers because of theirs spatial variability even in very close vicinity.
Análise da alavancagem financeira, índice preço/lucro (P/L) e Q de Tobin das principais empresas do setor de transportes aéreo no Brasil
Authors: De Godoi Alexandre Franco , Dos Santos José Odálio , Montini Mário José , Romaro Paulo , Bertoncelo Valéria Regina
Published: August 2017

Inicialmente, o que se espera é que quanto menor é o valor da dívida onerosa, menor é o risco financeiro das empresas e, consequentemente, melhores são as condições para a captação de recursos no mercado para expansão das atividades. Em outras palavras, uma redução da alavancagem financeira pode contribuir para a criação de valor e, consequentemente, para que os investidores projetem resultados favoráveis com base nos fluxos futuros de caixa a serem gerados pelas empresas. Assim, as decisões de financiamentos nas companhias aéreas, ou seja, a determinação da estrutura de capital pode ser considerada fundamental para viabilizar a melhor estrutura financeira para estas empresas, contribuindo ainda para a criação de valor para seus acionistas. Esta pesquisa de natureza quantitativa tem por objetivo analisar se a estrutura de capital, representada pelo Coeficiente da Dívida (CD), e o crescimento, pelo Índice Preço/Lucro (P/L), contribuíram para a criação de valor para os acionistas, este mensurado com base no Q de Tobin. Neste sentido, para verificar se esses resultados estão presentes no setor de transporte aéreo nacional, foram selecionadas as duas principais empresas aéreas em atividade no Brasil, GOL e LATAM. A análise de dados compreendeu o período de dezembro de 2006 a dezembro de 2012 – um período pré e pós crise financeira internacional, com apurações trimestrais de informações para as variáveis analisadas. As técnicas estatísticas utilizadas foram o Coeficiente de Correlação, o p-value e o Índice de Determinação Ajustado (R2). Complementarmente, foi realizado o teste de regressão linear múltipla para verificar se a criação de valor medida pelo Q de Tobin, a variável dependente, foi influenciada pelo Coeficiente de Dívida (CD) e Índice Preço/Lucro (P/L), as variáveis independentes da pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos são significativos estatisticamente, compatíveis com o desempenho financeiro das empresas no período e aceitáveis para explicação da criação de valor.
A alienação fiduciária de imóveis
Authors: Pascoal Pedro Ernesto Celestino
Published: August 2017

A Alienação Fiduciária de Imóveis, regulada pela Lei nº 9.514/1997, proporcionou, sem sobra de dúvidas, o recrudescimento do mercado imobiliário brasileiro, notadamente, em face da instituição do Sistema Financeiro Imobiliário no Brasil, inovando ao inaugurar a garantia fiduciária do imóvel, por meio de um procedimento extrajudicial imensamente mais célere e eficaz para retomada da garantia pelo agente financiador na hipótese de inadimplemento do devedor, robustecendo o sistema financeiro imobiliário pátrio com a consequente expansão do crédito para aquisição de mais e mais imóveis, retroalimentando a cadeia produtiva entrelaçada. A análise da experiência de outros países mostra que o crescimento habitacional está intimamente ligado à existência de garantias efetivas de retorno dos recursos aplicados, autonomia na contratação das operações e um mercado de crédito imobiliário capaz de captar recursos de longo prazo, principalmente junto a grandes investidores, o que, de fato também ocorreu no nosso país. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar, os ciclos de formação, execução e extinção normal e anormal do contrato de alienação fiduciária de bem imóvel em garantia nos termos da Lei nº 9.514/1997.
Astrin-SKAP complex reconstitution reveals its kinetochore interaction with microtubule-bound Ndc80
Authors: Kern David M , Monda Julie K , Su Kuan-Chung , Wilson-Kubalek Elizabeth M , Cheeseman Iain M
Published: August 2017

Chromosome segregation requires robust interactions between the macromolecular kinetochore structure and dynamic microtubule polymers. A key outstanding question is how kinetochore-microtubule attachments are modulated to ensure that bi-oriented attachments are selectively stabilized and maintained. The Astrin-SKAP complex localizes preferentially to properly bi-oriented sister kinetochores, representing the final outer kinetochore component recruited prior to anaphase onset. Here, we reconstitute the 4-subunit Astrin-SKAP complex, including a novel MYCBP subunit. Our work demonstrates that the Astrin-SKAP complex contains separable kinetochore localization and microtubule binding domains. In addition, through cross-linking analysis in human cells and biochemical reconstitution, we show that the Astrin-SKAP complex binds synergistically to microtubules with the Ndc80 complex to form an integrated interface. We propose a model in which the Astrin-SKAP complex acts together with the Ndc80 complex to stabilize correctly formed kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
Transcription factor clusters regulate genes in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Wollman Adam JM , Shashkova Sviatlana , Hedlund Erik G , Friemann Rosmarie , Hohmann Stefan , Leake Mark C
Published: August 2017

Transcription is regulated through binding factors to gene promoters to activate or repress expression, however, the mechanisms by which factors find targets remain unclear. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we determined in vivo stoichiometry and spatiotemporal dynamics of a GFP tagged repressor, Mig1, from a paradigm signaling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find the repressor operates in clusters, which upon extracellular signal detection, translocate from the cytoplasm, bind to nuclear targets and turnover. Simulations of Mig1 configuration within a 3D yeast genome model combined with a promoter-specific, fluorescent translation reporter confirmed clusters are the functional unit of gene regulation. In vitro and structural analysis on reconstituted Mig1 suggests that clusters are stabilized by depletion forces between intrinsically disordered sequences. We observed similar clusters of a co-regulatory activator from a different pathway, supporting a generalized cluster model for transcription factors that reduces promoter search times through intersegment transfer while stabilizing gene expression.
Autoinhibition of ankyrin-B/G membrane target bindings by intrinsically disordered segments from the tail regions
Authors: Chen Keyu , Li Jianchao , Wang Chao , Wei Zhiyi , Zhang Mingjie
Published: August 2017

Ankyrins together with their spectrin partners are the master organizers of micron-scale membrane domains in diverse tissues. The 24 ankyrin (ANK) repeats of ankyrins bind to numerous membrane proteins, linking them to spectrin-based cytoskeletons at specific membrane microdomains. The accessibility of the target binding groove of ANK repeats must be regulated to achieve spatially defined functions of ankyrins/target complexes in different tissues, though little is known in this regard. Here we systemically investigated the autoinhibition mechanism of ankyrin-B/G by combined biochemical, biophysical and structural biology approaches. We discovered that the entire ANK repeats are inhibited by combinatorial and quasi-independent bindings of multiple disordered segments located in the ankyrin-B/G linkers and tails, suggesting a mechanistic basis for differential regulations of membrane target bindings by ankyrins. In addition to elucidating the autoinhibition mechanisms of ankyrins, our study may also shed light on regulations on target bindings by other long repeat-containing proteins.
Gender Identity and Gender Performativity in Shakespeare’s Selected Plays: Macbeth, Hamlet and Merry Wives of Windsor
Authors: Amiri Mehdi , Khoshkam Sara
Published: August 2017

The main argument of this article is focused on three plays by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Hamlet and Merry Wives of Windsor. There are several points in these plays which deal with woman and their rights. This article deals with Shakespeare’s plays in relation to feminism, which pays more attention to the rights of women and their true identity. In all societies women are defined in terms of their relations to men as the center of power to which women have limited or no access. Judith Butler's performativity is significance on understandings of gender identity. Butler believes that gender is produced in society; also it can be changed in society. Feminism should aim to create a society in which, one's sexual anatomy is irrelevant to who one is, and what one does. Shakespeare’s view of a woman is shown through his representation of female characters in his plays specifically in Macbeth, Hamlet and Merry Wives of Windsor.
Developing Needs Analysis Based-Reading Comprehension Learning Materials: A Study on the Indonesian Language Study Program Students
Authors: Salam S.
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this research was to describe the need of development of 'Reading Comprehension' teaching materials to students and lecturers of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Gorontalo. This research is included in the research and development to develop educational products in the form of teaching materials. Mixed research design was used in this study to explore the data needs of the development of reading materials learning. Quantitative data was obtained from the responses of 36 respondents and 2 lecturers of the Reading subjects on the questionnaire needs analysis and questionnaire of teaching material analysis that is being used today. Likert Scale was used in questionnaire of needs analysis seen from 7 aspects, namely: content of teaching material, reading strategy, text type, text genre, text topic, learning activity, and evaluation of learning (81 items) and questionnaire of teaching material analysis that was being used that amounted to 5 aspects, namely: the content of teaching materials, organization of teaching materials, language, layout, and completeness of teaching material support (31 items). Qualitative data were obtained from open questions about the experiences of students and lecturers in reading learning in the same questionnaire, as well as content analysis of the material being used. The results showed that the requirement of development of teaching materials, students and lecturers assessed 63 items (77.78%) in the required category, and 18 items (22.22%) with the required categories. Then, the teaching materials currently in use still lack the aspects of the content, the text type, the text genre, the text topic, and the evaluation of each learning unit. Details of the results obtained 4 items (12.90%) as low category, 22 items (70.97%) as enough category, and 5 items (16.13%) as high category.
Interrelation/Coexistence between Human/Nonhuman in Nature: William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience
Authors: Baradaran Jamili Leila , Khoshkam Sara
Published: August 2017

This paper considers the interrelation and coexistence between human and nonhuman in nature in William Blake’s (1757-1827) Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience (1789-1794). The paper looks at his poems in the light of ecocentrism, especially the theories of Lawrence Buell (1939- ) and Ashton Nichols (1953- ), who articulate ecocentrism as a word which expresses the interconnection between human and nonhuman in nature and environment. The word, ecocentrism, denotes nature and environment as the central and essential parts of the world to represent them as a web or system wherein all members and parts, including human and nonhuman, are related and connected to each other so closely that they cannot exist and live separately and lonely. By human, it refers to who is a creature in the web, who links to other creatures and entities so closely that he cannot be isolated from them. The linkage and coexistence are the matter which can be viewed in some of the poems of William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Blake watches environment and nature carefully, and in some of the poems of two mentioned collections such as “The Echoing Green,” “Nurse’s Song,” “Holy Thursday,” “The School Boy,” to name just a few, he illustrates a situation of life in which human has close relation and connection to other creatures. According to Blake, human and nonhuman have such a vital relationship so that no one can live without the others. All creatures and beings in an organism have an effect on each other, and they are interrelated. The paper shows interconnection and coexistence between human and nonhuman in Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience due to portrayal and representation of nonhuman creatures in the world. It defines some nonhuman terms such as nature and environment and then focuses on the interrelation and coexistence between human and nonhuman in Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in accordance with ecocentrism.
Error Analysis in Academic Writing: A Case of International Postgraduate Students in Malaysia
Authors: Amiri Fatemeh , Puteh Marlia
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the different types of writing errors performed by 16 international postgraduate students undertaking an intensive English course at a public university in Malaysia. It was mandatory for international postgraduate students who obtained less than IELTS Band 6 to undertake an Intensive English Course (IEC) offered by the University, prior to entering their respective faculties’ academic programs. The students were required to write a 3-5 page term paper assignment on a topic related to their field of study. Mixed methodology approach was employed to examine and analyze corpus of students’ term papers. The errors in the term papers were identified and classified accordingly. The results of the study revealed that four most common English language errors committed by the participants were sentence structure, articles, punctuation and capitalization. This study also shed light on the manner in which students assumed the rules of English to that of their native language. Such insight is useful for both instructors and students because it provides significant information on the building blocks experienced by English language learners in academic writing.
Analysis on the Difficulties Faced by a Bilingual Child in Reading and Writing
Authors: Hardiyanti Rizki
Published: August 2017

Bilingual child ability in two languages is become popular issue in the comparison of those two languages. In this paper, the Indonesian bilingual child has parent, school and course using English actively, then his environment using Bahasa Indonesia. This research was conducted to measure ability and difficulties faced by bilingual child in reading and writing in two languages Bahasa Indonesia- English. This journal applied a qualitative research design. Qualitative research is stated as naturalistic study that has the natural setting, as the direct source of data and the researcher is the key instrument  (Bogdan and Biklen, 1992). To specify the design in this journal, this qualitative method was used to analyze a specific person of Bilingual Child. The data were taken from observation, interview, video recording of the child’s reading the English and Bahasa Indonesia textbook story and written test of the child’s writing the English and Bahasa Indonesia summary of textbook story. In both English and Bahasa Indonesia, the reading difficulties appear related to pronunciation, intonation, expression and word stress and the writing difficulties appear related to relevance, organization, vocabulary and grammar.
Social Criticism on Works of Contemporary Women Story Writers
Authors: Mahmoodi Masoomeh
Published: August 2017

Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach is one of the literary critique approaches and believes that the literary text are derived from the ideology governing the classes of society, and focuses on study of stories and their structures to know the social structures. A review of the changes made in the themes and subjects of the works of the Iranian story writers that most of them are from the middle class of society, indicates the growth of awareness and understanding of Iranian women about their identity and individuality and the achievement of conditions beyond what they are. Although in popular stories, most Iranian female storytellers are still interested in the reproduction of traditional gender stereotypes, but female storywriters in the field of transcendental literature have entered the changes made in their cognitive realm to the actions of characters of their stories. This reveals that they seek to understand their own self and place in the world around them. Love and loneliness resulted by the confrontation between men and women are a common theme in these works that have been narrated on the various issues arising from the family and social relationships of women.
Bumper Stickers in Jordan: A Structural Analysis
Authors: Al-Momani Husam , Ahmad Jaradat Abdullah , Jamil Bani-Khair Baker Mohammad , Khaled Alshaboul Yousef Mohammad
Published: August 2017

This study has set out to determine the structural patterns of bumper stickers in Jordan. This study is significant since it is the first one to approach bumper stickers structurally. The study has investigated 227 stickers, which can be considered the corpus of stickers in Jordan. The study has found that around 90% of the stickers are sentences, most of which are simple sentences expressed in the present tense. This combination of the three elements i.e. sentence, declarative and simple is what facilitated the job of drivers to write their opinions, attitudes, beliefs, etc. and is what made it possible for the others i.e. drivers and pedestrians to understand the stickers. The study has also found that imperative and negative imperatives are quite common since the stickers are not addressed to the writer/driver rather to the others so as to inform them about his state, his miserable condition, his opinions, his loyalties, and his vehicle. The stickers are addressed to others to demand certain behaviors from them such as driving wisely, not challenging the sticker writer, respecting him if he is driving a truck or a lorry, etc.
Comparative comparison between the characters of Jamie’s tale of (Salamon & Absal) and Avicenna ’s Hayy Ebn Yaqzan and Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl’s hayy Ebn Yaqazan
Authors: Ali Kennedy Mehdi Ebrahimi Hossein , Halabi Ali Asghar
Published: August 2017

Brilliant models of allegory and secretive tales are observable in mystical and philosophical works of Persian literature in verse and prose. Avicenna  is the first person who has written the philosophical tale of Hayy Ebn Yaqzan in mystical clothing and symbolic style. In this philosophical and symbolic epistle, Avicenna  has represented evolution stages of human in request of hidden secrets and sublime insight and spiritual life, and in travers of behavior stages he became aware of the truth that there is a spiritual life other than corporeal life. Therefore he is guided to spiritual world by sense and by the help of active wisdom. Then Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl has combined Avicenna ’s tales of Hayy Ebn Yaqzan and Salamon & Absal and recompiled it in a symbolic form and wrote it out with philosophical array. In this tale Hayy Ebn Yaqzan was grown alone in an island and he was attracted by comprehension and perception of the reality by external senses, recognition of palpable worlds and by discovery. Despite some similarities with Persian archaic tales, ((Salamon & Absal)) is a Greek legend in fact, which was received by Honayn Ebn Eshaq in east by translation from Greek into Arabic for the first time. This tale contains allegorical and philosophical aspects and has Greek quality and Alexandria quality. This tale was changed into a mystical and discovery tale by Avicenna . In fact he made it a part of his ((philosophy of east and west)) equivalent of common philosophy. Jamie wrote the original narrative of Honayn Ebn Eshaq in a symbolic form with artistic, elegant and eloquent statement. This poem is Jamie’s shortest ‘Orang, and also his most gnostic ‘Orang, of his famous Haft ‘Orang. In this tale Salamon is the symbol of soul and Absal is the symbol of body. This research studies the introduced characters in Jamie’s Salamon & Absal and Hayy ebn Yaqzan in Avicenna ’s and Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl’s tales.
The use of bacterial counts in two mexican shrimp hatcheries
Authors: M.L. Lizarraga-Partida  , Montoya-Rodríguez L. , Gendrop-Funes V.
Published: August 2017

En dos laboratorios situados en la República Mexicana. Se realizaron conteos de bacterias heterótrofas viables, bacterias tipo Vibrio y coliformes totales en muestras de agua del sistema de aprovicionamiento. en alimentos marinos y en estanques de reproductores. Las altas concentraciones de estos grupos bacterianos indican la existencia de puntos de riesgo, los cuales deben ser vigilados sistemáticamente para poder controlar patógenos potenciales, tales como Vibrio spp. En este trabajo, se encontró que los sistemas de filtración y el alimento utilizado, tal como Artemia spp. y organismos marinos Frescos o congelados, son las principales fuentes de patógenos potenciales en los laboratorios de acuicultura estudiados.

Counts of viable heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio-like bacteria and total coliforms were performed in seawater supply, food stocks and broodstock pools at two aquacultural facilities located in Mexico. |00E2|??The high abundance of these bacterial groups indicates risk areas that must be monitored to control potential pathogens, such as Vibrio spp. Filtering systems and food supplies, such as Artemia spp. and fresh or frozen sea food. were found to be the most important sources of potential pathogens.
A note on upper ocean temperature and salinity at the entrance to the gulf of californiain august 1992
Authors: Navarro-Olache L.F. , Mascarenhas-Jr A.S. , Durazo R. , Collins C.A.
Published: August 2017

Fernández-Barajas et al. (1994) reportan los resultados de mediciones hidrográficas realizadas en la entrada del Golfo de California en agosto de 1992. Durante ese crucero, el CTD se encontraba calibrado inadecuadamente, teniendo como resultado mediciones anómalas de altas temperaturas y bajas salinidades. Fernández-Barajas et al. (1994) incorrectamente atribuyeron estas condiciones anómalas al fenómeno El Niño de 1991- 1993 y a la tormenta tropical Lester.

Fernández-Barajas et al. (1994) report results of hydrographic measurements at the entrance to the Gulf of California in August 1992. During this cruise, the CTD was improperly calibrated, and this resulted in anomalously high (low) near-surface temperatures (salinities) being reported. Fernández-Barajas et al. (1994) incorrectly attribute these anomalous surface conditions to the 1991-1993 El Niño and tropical storm Lester.