bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The surge for local innovative institutions for transformation: community-based monitoring in the Andes
Authors: Damonte Gerardo H. , Godfrid Julieta , López Minchán Ana Paula , Alata Quispe Eyner
Published: October 2024

Non-technical summary

There is abundant research about the impacts that large-scale mining produces on territories to the detriment of their social and environmental sustainability. However, during our research in Chile and Peru, we also identified local transformative initiatives that pursue sustainable development by proposing alternatives to how the socio-ecological impacts of natural resource extraction are produced and distributed throughout society. Specifically, we ask the question: How do local communities in Chile and Peru that are affected by mining activities engage in community-based environmental monitoring (CBEM)?

Technical summary

By examining how local communities in Chile and Peru engage in community environmental monitoring, this paper argues that local political organisation and institutional innovations are crucial for the emergence of transformations towards sustainability. Local political organisation and mobilisation can create a window of opportunity for discussion about extractive activities and their impacts, as well as possible proposals for alternatives. Institutional innovations triggered by local political work can lead to the implementation of such initiatives. Our findings are based on qualitative case studies of CBEM in Chile and Peru, in areas with high levels of environmental degradation due to mining. In Chile we analysed a case of community air monitoring in a copper processing area, and in Peru a case of community water monitoring in a mining area. Drawing on debates on social transformation and political ecology theory, this study aims to show CBEM promotes changes towards a more democratic and preventive environmental governance, and encourages the recognition of environmental injustices.

Social media summary

This paper analyses how local communities in Chile and Peru engage in community environmental monitoring in areas affected by the presence of extractive industries. We identified local transformative initiatives that pursue sustainable development by proposing alternatives to how the socio-environmental impacts of natural resource extraction are produced and distributed in society. Our findings are based on qualitative case studies of community-based air and water monitoring in extractive areas in Chile and Peru.
Genetic Influence on Social Support: A Twin Study
Authors: Gonggrijp Bodine M.A. , van de Weijer Steve G.A. , van Dongen Jenny , Bijleveld Catrien C.J.H. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: October 2024

Social support is often considered an environmental factor affecting health, especially in aging populations. However, its genetic underpinnings suggest a more complex origin. This study investigates the heritability of social support through applying a threshold model on data of a large adult sample of twins (N = 8019) from the Netherlands Twin Register, collected between 2009 and 2011. The study employed the Duke – UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire to assess social support quality. Our analysis revealed genetic contributions to social support, with heritability estimated at 37%, without a contribution of shared environment and no differences between men and women in heritability. The study’s results underscore the complexity of social support as a trait influenced by genetic and environmental factors, challenging the notion that it is solely an environmental construct.
Zygosity Effects on Human Voice: Fundamental Frequency Analysis of Brazilian Twins’ Speech
Authors: Luchesi Lilian C. , Cavalcanti Julio C. , Lucci Tania K. , David Vinicius F. , Otta Emma , Monticelli Patricia F.
Published: October 2024

Voice production can be influenced by interindividual variations related to genetic, physiological, behavioral, and several environmental factors. Here we examined the effect of zygosity on speaking fundamental frequency (F0) statistical descriptors. Our aims were: (1) to determine whether the genetic similarity between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins affects F0 characteristics, and (2) to quantify the contribution of genetic factors to these characteristics. The study involved 79 same-sex twin pairs of Brazilian Portuguese speakers, comprising 65 MZ and 14 DZ twins, aged 18 to 66 years (31.7 ± 11.6 years), with 21 male and 58 female pairs. Participants were recorded while uttering a greeting phrase and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the ‘Happy Birthday to You’ song. Speech segments were analyzed using Praat free software, and F0 measures were automatically extracted in both Hertz and semitone scales. Statistical descriptors, including centrality, dispersion, and extreme values of F0 were examined, and the ACE model (i.e., total genetic effects, A; shared environmental influences, C; and nonshared environmental influences, E) was employed to estimate the additive effect;ts of monozygosity. As anticipated, we observed a zygosity effect on several F0 parameters, with more similarity between MZ twins compared to DZ twins. We discuss the genetic influences on F0 parameters and the absence of a monozygosity effect in two of them. Additionally, we briefly address potential biases associated with the selected measurement scale for statistical modeling. Finally, we explore the influence of genetic factors on F0 patterns, as well as environmental, life history and linguistic factors, particularly concerning F0 variation in speech.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy
Authors: Lu Xi , Xie Qingxing , Pan Xiaohui , Zhang Ruining , Zhang Xinyi , Peng Ge , Zhang Yuwei , Shen Sumin , Tong Nanwei
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and it is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and we named it metabolic dysfunction syndrome (MDS). The pathogenesis of T2D is not fully understood, with IR and β cell dysfunction playing central roles in its pathophysiology. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, along with other metabolic disorders, results in IR and/or islet β cell dysfunction via some shared pathways, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and ectopic lipid deposition. There is currently no cure for T2D, but it can be prevented or in remission by lifestyle intervention and/or some medication. If prevention fails, holistic and personalized management should be taken as soon as possible through timely detection and diagnosis, considering target organ protection, comorbidities, treatment goals, and other factors in reality. T2D is often accompanied by other components of MDS, such as preobesity/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, dyslipidemia, which usually occurs before it, and they are considered as the upstream diseases of T2D. It is more appropriate to call “diabetic complications” as “MDS-related target organ damage (TOD)”, since their development involves not only hyperglycemia but also other metabolic disorders of MDS, promoting an up-to-date management philosophy. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism, screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of T2D, especially regarding the personalized selection of hypoglycemic agents and holistic management based on the concept of “MDS-related TOD”.
Dronedarone hydrochloride (DH) induces pancreatic cancer cell death by triggering mtDNA-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Li Ming-Qiao , He Yu-Qi , Zhang Meng-Ni , Tang Wan , Tan Ya , Cheng Yue , Yang Mei , Zhao Nan , Li Ling , Yu Si-Rui , Li Ruo-Lan , Pan Qiong , Wu Ming-Yue , Chai Jin
Published: October 2024

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality, with a poor treatment approach. Previous study has shown that inducing pyroptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) slows the growth of PDACs, implying that pyroptosis inducers are potentially effective for PDAC therapy. Here, we found that Dronedarone hydrochloride (DH), an antiarrhythmic drug, induces pyroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits PDAC development in mice. In PANC-1 cells, DH caused cell death in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, with only pyroptosis inhibitors and GSDMD silencing rescuing the cell death, indicating that DH triggered GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis. Further work revealed that DH increased mitochondrial stresses and caused mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage, activating the cytosolic STING-cGAS and pyroptosis pathways. Finally, we assessed the anti-cancer effects of DH in a pancreatic cancer mouse model and found that DH treatment suppressed pancreatic tumor development in vivo. Collectively, our investigation demonstrates that DH triggers pyroptosis in PDAC and proposes its potential effects on anti-PDAC growth.
Regionally enriched rare deleterious exonic variants in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Halachev Mihail , Gountouna Viktoria-Eleni , Meynert Alison , Tzoneva Gannie , Shuldiner Alan R. , Semple Colin A. , Wilson James F.
Published: October 2024

It is unclear how patterns of regional genetic differentiation in the UK and Ireland might impact the protein-coding fraction of the genome. We exploit UK Biobank (UKB) and Viking Genes whole exome sequencing data to study regional genetic differentiation across the UK and Ireland in protein coding genes, encompassing 44,696 unrelated individuals from 20 regions of origin. We demonstrate substantial exonic differentiation among Shetlanders, Orcadians, individuals with full or partial Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and in several mainland regions (particularly north and south Wales, southeast Scotland and Ireland). With stringent filtering criteria, we find 67 regionally enriched (≥5-fold) variants likely to have adverse biomedical consequences in homozygous individuals. Here, we show that regional genetic variation across the UK and Ireland should be considered in the design of genetic studies and may inform effective genetic screening and counselling.
Metabolic interactions shape emergent biofilm structures in a conceptual model of gut mucosal bacterial communities
Authors: Valiei Amin , Dickson Andrew , Aminian-Dehkordi Javad , Mofrad Mohammad R. K.
Published: October 2024

The gut microbiome plays a major role in human health; however, little is known about the structural arrangement of microbes and factors governing their distribution. In this work, we present an in silico agent-based model (ABM) to conceptually simulate the dynamics of gut mucosal bacterial communities. We explored how various types of metabolic interactions, including competition, neutralism, commensalism, and mutualism, affect community structure, through nutrient consumption and metabolite exchange. Results showed that, across scenarios with different initial species abundances, cross-feeding promotes species coexistence. Morphologically, competition and neutralism resulted in segregation, while mutualism and commensalism fostered high intermixing. In addition, cooperative relations resulted in community properties with little sensitivity to the selective uptake of metabolites produced by the host. Moreover, metabolic interactions strongly influenced colonization success following the invasion of newcomer species. These results provide important insights into the utility of ABM in deciphering complex microbiome patterns.
Gate-set evaluation metrics for closed-loop optimal control on nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles in diamond
Authors: Vetter Philipp J. , Reisser Thomas , Hirsch Maximilian G. , Calarco Tommaso , Motzoi Felix , Jelezko Fedor , Müller Matthias M.
Published: October 2024

A recurring challenge in quantum science and technology is the precise control of their underlying dynamics that lead to the desired quantum operations, often described by a set of quantum gates. These gates can be subject to application-specific errors, leading to a dependence of their controls on the chosen circuit, the quality measure and the gate-set itself. A natural solution would be to apply quantum optimal control in an application-oriented fashion. In turn, this requires the definition of a meaningful measure of the contextual gate-set performance. Therefore, we explore and compare the applicability of quantum process tomography, linear inversion gate-set tomography, randomized linear gate-set tomography, and randomized benchmarking as measures for closed-loop quantum optimal control experiments, using a macroscopic ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as a test-bed. Our work demonstrates the relative trade-offs between those measures and how to significantly enhance the gate-set performance, leading to an improvement across all investigated methods.
Connectomic reconstruction predicts visual features used for navigation
Authors: Garner Dustin , Kind Emil , Lai Jennifer Yuet Ha , Nern Aljoscha , Zhao Arthur , Houghton Lucy , Sancer Gizem , Wolff Tanya , Rubin Gerald M. , Wernet Mathias F. , Kim Sung Soo
Published: October 2024

Many animals use visual information to navigate1–4, but how such information is encoded and integrated by the navigation system remains incompletely understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, EPG neurons in the central complex compute the heading direction5 by integrating visual input from ER neurons6–12, which are part of the anterior visual pathway (AVP)10,13–16. Here we densely reconstruct all neurons in the AVP using electron-microscopy data17. The AVP comprises four neuropils, sequentially linked by three major classes of neurons: MeTu neurons10,14,15, which connect the medulla in the optic lobe to the small unit of the anterior optic tubercle (AOTUsu) in the central brain; TuBu neurons9,16, which connect the AOTUsu to the bulb neuropil; and ER neurons6–12, which connect the bulb to the EPG neurons. On the basis of morphologies, connectivity between neural classes and the locations of synapses, we identify distinct information channels that originate from four types of MeTu neurons, and we further divide these into ten subtypes according to the presynaptic connections in the medulla and the postsynaptic connections in the AOTUsu. Using the connectivity of the entire AVP and the dendritic fields of the MeTu neurons in the optic lobes, we infer potential visual features and the visual area from which any ER neuron receives input. We confirm some of these predictions physiologically. These results provide a strong foundation for understanding how distinct sensory features can be extracted and transformed across multiple processing stages to construct higher-order cognitive representations.
Barrier-free, open-top microfluidic chip for generating two distinct, interconnected 3D microvascular networks
Authors: Yrjänäinen Alma , Mesiä Elina , Lampela Ella , Kreutzer Joose , Vihinen Jorma , Tornberg Kaisa , Vuorenpää Hanna , Miettinen Susanna , Kallio Pasi , Mäki Antti-Juhana
Published: October 2024

Developing microphysiological cell culture platforms with a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment has been a significant advancement from traditional monolayer cultures. Still, most of the current microphysiological platforms are limited in closed designs, i.e. are not accessible after 3D cell culture loading. Here, we report an open-top microfluidic chip which enables the generation of two sequentially loaded 3D cell cultures without physical barriers restricting the nurture, gas exchange and cellular communication. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the formation of two 3D vasculatures, one in the upper and the other in the lower compartment, under three distinct flow conditions: asymmetric side-to-center, symmetric side-to-center and symmetric center-to-side. We used computational modelling to characterize initial flow pressures in cell culture compartments. We showed prominent vessel formation and branched vasculatures in upper and lower cell culture compartments with interconnecting, lumenized vessels with in vivo-relevant diameter in all flow conditions. With advanced image processing, we quantified and compared the overall vascular network volume and the total length formed in asymmetric side-to-center, symmetric side-to-center and symmetric center-to-side flow conditions. Our results indicate that the developed chip can house two distinct 3D cell cultures with merging vessels between compartments and by providing asymmetric side-to-center or symmetric center-to-side flow vascular morphogenesis is enhanced in terms of overall network length. The developed open-top microfluidic chip may find various applications in generation of tissue-specific 3D-3D co-cultures for studying cellular interactions in vascularized tissues and organs.
A phenocopy signature of TP53 loss predicts response to chemotherapy
Authors: Bakhtiar Hamza , Sharifi Marina N. , Helzer Kyle T. , Shi Yue , Bootsma Matthew L. , Shang Tianfu A. , Chrostek Matthew R. , Berg Tracy J. , Carson Callahan S. , Carreno Viridiana , Blitzer Grace C. , West Malinda T. , O’Regan Ruth M. , Wisinski Kari B. , Sjöström Martin , Zhao Shuang G.
Published: October 2024

In preclinical studies, p53 loss of function impacts chemotherapy response, but this has not been consistently validated clinically. We trained a TP53-loss phenocopy gene expression signature from pan-cancer clinical samples in the TCGA. In vitro, the TP53-loss phenocopy signature predicted chemotherapy response across cancer types. In a clinical dataset of 3003 breast cancer samples treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the TP53-loss phenocopy samples were 56% more likely to have a pathologic complete response (pCR), with a significant association between TP53-loss phenocopy and pCR in both ER positive and ER negative tumors. In an independent clinical validation in the I-SPY2 trial (N = 987), we confirmed the association with neoadjuvant chemotherapy pCR and found higher rates of chemoimmunotherapy response in TP53-loss phenocopy tumors compared to non-TP53-loss phenocopy tumors (64% vs. 28%). The TP53-loss phenocopy signature predicts chemotherapy response across cancer types in vitro, and in a proof-of-concept clinical validation is associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response across multiple clinical breast cancer cohorts.
Algorithmovigilance, lessons from pharmacovigilance
Authors: Balendran Alan , Benchoufi Mehdi , Evgeniou Theodoros , Ravaud Philippe
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being deployed across various high-risk applications, especially in healthcare. Despite significant attention to evaluating these systems, post-deployment incidents are not uncommon, and effective mitigation strategies remain challenging. Drug safety has a well-established history of assessing, monitoring, understanding, and preventing adverse effects in real-world usage, known as pharmacovigilance. Drawing inspiration from pharmacovigilance methods, we discuss concepts that can be adapted for monitoring AI systems in healthcare. This discussion aims to improve responses to adverse effects and potential incidents and risks associated with AI deployment in healthcare but also beyond.
Machine learning explains response variability of deep brain stimulation on Parkinson’s disease quality of life
Authors: Ferrea Enrico , Negahbani Farzin , Cebi Idil , Weiss Daniel , Gharabaghi Alireza
Published: October 2024

Improving health-related quality of life (QoL) is crucial for managing Parkinson’s disease. However, QoL outcomes after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) vary considerably. Current approaches lack integration of demographic, patient-reported, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data to understand this variability. This study used explainable machine learning to analyze multimodal factors affecting QoL changes, measured by the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) in 63 patients, and quantified each variable’s contribution. Results showed that preoperative PDQ-39 scores and upper beta band activity (>20 Hz) in the left STN were key predictors of QoL changes. Lower initial QoL burden predicted worsening, while improvement was associated with higher beta activity. Additionally, electrode positions along the superior-inferior axis, especially relative to the z = −7 coordinate in standard space, influenced outcomes, with improved and worsened QoL above and below this marker. This study emphasizes a tailored, data-informed approach to optimize DBS treatment and improve patient QoL.
Atomic-scale imaging of laser-driven electron dynamics in solids
Authors: Popova-Gorelova Daria , Santra Robin
Published: October 2024

Resolving laser-driven electron dynamics on their natural time and length scales is essential for understanding and controlling light-induced phenomena. Capabilities to reveal these dynamics are limited by challenges in interpreting wave mixing of a driving and a probe pulse, low energy resolution at ultrashort time scales and a lack of atomic-scale resolution by standard spectroscopic techniques. Here, we demonstrate how ultrafast x-ray diffraction can access fundamental information on laser-driven electronic motion in solids. We propose a method based on subcycle-resolved x-ray-optical wave mixing that allows for a straightforward reconstruction of key properties of strong-field-induced electron dynamics with atomic spatial resolution. Namely, this technique provides both phases and amplitudes of the spatial Fourier transform of optically-induced charge distributions, their temporal behavior, and the direction of the instantaneous microscopic optically-induced electron current flow. It captures the rich microscopic structures and symmetry features of laser-driven electronic charge and current density distributions.
Strategies to control humidity sensitivity of azobenzene isomerisation kinetics in polymer thin films
Authors: Vesamäki Sami , Meteling Henning , Nasare Roshan , Siiskonen Antti , Patrakka Jani , Roas-Escalona Nelmary , Linder Markus , Virkki Matti , Priimagi Arri
Published: October 2024

Azobenzenes are versatile photoswitches that garner interest in applications ranging from photobiology to energy storage. Despite their great potential, transforming azobenzene-based discoveries and proof-of-concept demonstrations from the lab to the market is highly challenging. Herein we give an overview of a journey that started from a discovery of hydroxyazobenzene’s humidity sensitive isomerisation kinetics, developed into commercialization efforts of azobenzene-containing thin film sensors for optical monitoring of the relative humidity of air, and arrives to the present work aiming for better design of such sensors by understanding the different factors affecting the humidity sensitivity. Our concept is based on thermal isomerisation kinetics of tautomerizable azobenzenes in polymer matrices which, using pre-defined calibration curves, can be converted to relative humidity at known temperature. We present a small library of tautomerizable azobenzenes exhibiting humidity sensitive isomerisation kinetics in hygroscopic polymer films. We also investigate how water absorption properties of the polymer used, and the isomerisation kinetics are linked and how the azobenzene content in the thin film affects both properties. Based on our findings we propose simple strategies for further development of azobenzene-based optical humidity sensors.
Temporal dynamics in vertical leaf angles can confound vegetation indices widely used in Earth observations
Authors: Kattenborn Teja , Wieneke Sebastian , Montero David , Mahecha Miguel D. , Richter Ronny , Guimarães-Steinicke Claudia , Wirth Christian , Ferlian Olga , Feilhauer Hannes , Sachsenmaier Lena , Eisenhauer Nico , Dechant Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Earth observation data is key for monitoring vegetation dynamics across temporal and spatial scales. The most widely used method to estimate vegetation properties from Earth observation data is vegetation indices. However, temporal dynamics in vertical leaf angles can strongly alter reflectance signals and, hence, vegetation indices. Here, we derive leaf angles from plant photographs to simulate the effect on vegetation indices with radiative transfer models. We show that leaf angle dynamics systematically confound widely applied vegetation indices. Moreover, we demonstrate that these effects are not random but tightly linked to abiotic environmental conditions. These systematic effects of vertical leaf angles have implications for monitoring plant properties, biodiversity, and ecosystem functional properties. We discuss the related challenges and opportunities to assess spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics with remote sensing and vegetation indices.
Deep stratospheric intrusion events in China revealed on the ground by cosmogenic 10Be/7Be
Authors: Liu Xuke , Fu Yunchong , Zhang Li , Li Haogen , Burr George S. , Bi Yanting , Zhao Guoqing
Published: October 2024

Given the impact of deep stratospheric intrusion on air quality, the development of more extensive trace substances to quantify stratospheric intrusion intensity can better distinguish between stratospheric ozone pollution and anthropogenic factors. The ratio of cosmogenic beryllium-10 to beryllium-7 (10Be/7Be), primarily generated in the stratosphere, has the potential to identify stratospheric air masses on the ground. Here we constructed a 10Be/7Be time-series (July 2020 to September 2021) in rainwater and aerosols from Xi’an, China. Combining in-situ pollutants, reanalysis data, and model calculations support a stratospheric origin for increased 10Be/7Be and identify it as a means of quantifying intrusion intensity. It was found that anticyclones formed by the Asian summer monsoon drive a sudden increase in deep stratospheric intrusion in spring, exacerbating ozone pollution beyond China’s air quality standards. Based on the sufficiently sensitive 10Be/7Be, it further indicates the process of six weak upper atmosphere intrusions in Xi’an during winter.
Progressive cardiomyopathy with intercalated disc disorganization in a rat model of Becker dystrophy
Authors: Taglietti Valentina , Kefi Kaouthar , Mirciloglu Busra , Bastu Sultan , Masson Jean-Daniel , Bronisz-Budzyńska Iwona , Gouni Vassiliki , Ferri Carlotta , Jorge Alan , Gentil Christel , Pietri-Rouxel France , Malfatti Edoardo , Lafuste Peggy , Tiret Laurent , Relaix Frederic
Published: October 2024

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked disorder due to in-frame mutations in the DMD gene, leading to a less abundant and truncated dystrophin. BMD is less common and severe than Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as well as less investigated. To accelerate the search for innovative treatments, we developed a rat model of BMD by deleting the exons 45–47 of the Dmd gene. Here, we report a functional and histopathological evaluation of these rats during their first year of life, compared to DMD and control littermates. BMD rats exhibit moderate damage to locomotor and diaphragmatic muscles but suffer from a progressive cardiomyopathy. Single nuclei RNA-seq analysis of cardiac samples revealed shared transcriptomic abnormalities in BMD and DMD rats and highlighted an altered end-addressing of TMEM65 and Connexin-43 at the intercalated disc, along with electrocardiographic abnormalities. Our study documents the natural history of a translational preclinical model of BMD and reports a cellular mechanism for the cardiac dysfunction in BMD and DMD offering opportunities to further investigate the organization role of dystrophin in intercellular communication.
Jag1 insufficiency alters liver fibrosis via T cell and hepatocyte differentiation defects
Authors: Mašek Jan , Filipovic Iva , Van Hul Noémi , Belicová Lenka , Jiroušková Markéta , Oliveira Daniel V , Frontino Anna Maria , Hankeova Simona , He Jingyan , Turetti Fabio , Iqbal Afshan , Červenka Igor , Sarnová Lenka , Verboven Elisabeth , Brabec Tomáš , Björkström Niklas K , Gregor Martin , Dobeš Jan , Andersson Emma R
Published: October 2024

Fibrosis contributes to tissue repair, but excessive fibrosis disrupts organ function. Alagille syndrome (ALGS, caused by mutations in JAGGED1) results in liver disease and characteristic fibrosis. Here, we show that Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, a model for ALGS, recapitulate ALGS-like fibrosis. Single-cell RNA-seq and multi-color flow cytometry of the liver revealed immature hepatocytes and paradoxically low intrahepatic T cell infiltration despite cholestasis in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice. Thymic and splenic regulatory T cells (Tregs) were enriched and Jag1Ndr/Ndr lymphocyte immune and fibrotic capacity was tested with adoptive transfer into Rag1−/− mice, challenged with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or bile duct ligation (BDL). Transplanted Jag1Ndr/Ndr lymphocytes were less inflammatory with fewer activated T cells than Jag1+/+ lymphocytes in response to DSS. Cholestasis induced by BDL in Rag1−/− mice with Jag1Ndr/Ndr lymphocytes resulted in periportal Treg accumulation and three-fold less periportal fibrosis than in Rag1−/− mice with Jag1+/+ lymphocytes. Finally, the Jag1Ndr/Ndr hepatocyte expression profile and Treg overrepresentation were corroborated in patients’ liver samples. Jag1-dependent hepatic and immune defects thus interact to determine the fibrotic process in ALGS.
Pre-clinical development of AP4B1 gene replacement therapy for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 47
Authors: Wiseman Jessica P , Scarrott Joseph M , Alves-Cruzeiro João , Saffari Afshin , Böger Cedric , Karyka Evangelia , Dawes Emily , Davies Alexandra K , Marchi Paolo M , Graves Emily , Fernandes Fiona , Yang Zih-Liang , Coldicott Ian , Hirst Jennifer , Webster Christopher P , Highley J Robin , Hackett Neil , Angyal Adrienn , Silva Thushan de , Higginbottom Adrian , Shaw Pamela J , Ferraiuolo Laura , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius , Azzouz Mimoun
Published: October 2024

Spastic paraplegia 47 (SPG47) is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the adaptor protein complex 4 β1 subunit (AP4B1) gene leading to AP-4 complex deficiency. SPG47 is characterised by progressive spastic paraplegia, global developmental delay, intellectual disability and epilepsy. Gene therapy aimed at restoring functional AP4B1 protein levels is a rational therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the disease phenotype. Here we report that a single delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 expressing hAP4B1 (AAV9/hAP4B1) into the cisterna magna leads to widespread gene transfer and restoration of various hallmarks of disease, including AP-4 cargo (ATG9A) mislocalisation, calbindin-positive spheroids in the deep cerebellar nuclei, anatomical brain defects and motor dysfunction, in an SPG47 mouse model. Furthermore, AAV9/hAP4B1-based gene therapy demonstrated a restoration of plasma neurofilament light (NfL) levels of treated mice. Encouraged by these preclinical proof-of-concept data, we conducted IND-enabling studies, including immunogenicity and GLP non-human primate (NHP) toxicology studies. Importantly, NHP safety and biodistribution study revealed no significant adverse events associated with the therapeutic intervention. These findings provide evidence of both therapeutic efficacy and safety, establishing a robust basis for the pursuit of an IND application for clinical trials targeting SPG47 patients.
Characterizing excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in 3-hydroxyflavone with ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Winkler Valerie S. , Fournier Joseph A.
Published: October 2024

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer dynamics are characterized in 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives using ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy.
Electrochemical stereoselective borylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts to functionalized allylic boronates
Authors: Thondur Jagadeesh Reddy , Sharada Duddu S. , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: October 2024

Herein, we disclose a highly efficient and facile electrochemical borylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts with excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity, leading to a wide range of functionalized E-allylic boronates.
Visualizing back electron transfer in eosin Y photoredox catalysis
Authors: Gu Kai , Zhou Wenqiao , Liu Chunming
Published: October 2024

Back electron transfer in photoredox catalysis is directly visualized through the photoblinking of single photoredox catalysts.
Electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complex-driven regioselective vicinal and oxidative geminal functionalization of alkynes
Authors: Barik Dinabandhu , Chakraborty Nikita , Sahoo Ashish K. , Dhara Hirendra Nath , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: October 2024

A visible-light-initiated EDA complex-driven regioselective vicinal and oxidative geminal thiosulfonylation of alkynes under solvent and base switchable conditions is presented.
Multimode crawling motions of azobenzene crystal induced by light intensities for application as a shape-changeable microcleaner
Authors: Saikawa Makoto , Manabe Kengo , Saito Koichiro , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Norikane Yasuo
Published: October 2024

Photoinduced crawling crystals can change their shape and velocity in response to irradiation intensity. By utilizing a sequence of different irradiation conditions, these changes can be used to improve cargo transport functionality.
Unravelling the intramolecular n → σ* interaction in ultra-electron deficient naphthalenediimides and their radical ions
Authors: Kumar Sharvan , Mandal Kalyanashis , M. R. Ajayakumar , Hundal Geeta , Mukhopadhyay Pritam
Published: October 2024

In this work, role of non-covalent n → σ* intramolecular interactions in bestowing stabilization to exceptionally low-lying LUMO molecules of NDIs and their radical ions is investigated.
Charge transfer characteristics in rhodopsin mimics during photoexcitation
Authors: Hu Yongnan , Li Gaoshang , Zhao Siteng , Dai Jin , Peng Xubiao , Zhao Qing
Published: October 2024

The charge transfer properties of the engineered rhodopsin mimics are investigated by QM/MM method, where charge transfer parameters D, t, and HDI are found to be the key factors for the red shift of the absorption spectra.
The correlation of the liquidus curves and valence electron structures of a ternary lithium halide molten–salt electrolyte for liquid metal batteries
Authors: Li Boyang , Guo Yongquan , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Xinze , Feng Yichen , Tang Wei , Peng Siqi , Su Tong
Published: October 2024

Liquid metal batteries have received considerable attention owing to their excellent properties, which liquefaction temperature has been calculated by EET profit the experimental ones well.
Synergistic enhancement of charge extraction and heat dissipation in inverted perovskite solar cells via n-doped top interlayers
Authors: Park Sangmi , Jeong Sang Young , Kim Jaehoon , Lee Heunjeong , Kim Hye Seung , Noh Young Wook , Kim Ye In , Cho Shinuk , Kang Joon Sang , Woo Han Young , Song Myoung Hoon
Published: October 2024

n-Doping the fullerene-based interlayer in perovskite solar cells enhances heat dissipation and charge extraction by improving thermal/electrical conductivity, and energy level alignment, which boosts photovoltaic performance and stability.
An energy-efficient tellurium electrode enabled by a Cs2TeI6 perovskite structure for durable aqueous Zn–Te batteries
Authors: Li Jinye , Lei Chengjun , Jiang Pengjie , Xu Chen , Liu Tingting , Liang Xiao
Published: October 2024

CsI in 2 M ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte facilitates the formation of Cs2TeI6 perovskite phase for Te electrode, effectively suppressing Te4+ hydrolysis and sustaining fast redox kinetics in multi-electron transfer Zn–Te aqueous batteries.
Associations of indoor airborne microbiome with lung function: evidence from a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of microbial intervention
Authors: Zhao Yetong , Liu Shan , Wang Wanzhou , Li Luyi , Zhang Wenlou , Ji Xuezhao , Yang Di , Guo Xinbiao , Deng Furong
Published: October 2024

Indoor airborne microbiome contributes to human lung function and can be modified by air purification.
Electroreductive deoxygenative carboxylation of alkyl oxalates with CO2
Authors: Yuan Yong , Jiang Hangfei , Zhang Ya-Nan , Tao Yuyan , Liu Xincong , Huo Congde
Published: October 2024

An electroreductive deoxygenative carboxylation of alkyl oxalates with CO2 is demonstrated.
A microfluidic hanging droplet as a programmable platform for mammalian egg vitrification
Authors: Feng Haidong , Katsikis Georgios , Napier India D. , Du Gong , Lim Josh , Doyle Joseph O. , Manalis Scott R. , Griffith Linda G.
Published: October 2024

Programmable microfluidic hanging drop system for motorized, contactless cryoprotectant loading and egg vitrification.
Exploring cancer-associated fibroblast-induced resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in hepatoma cells using a liver-on-a-chip model
Authors: Poddar Madhu Shree , Chu Yu-De , Pendharkar Gaurav , Liu Cheng-Hsien , Yeh Chau-Ting
Published: October 2024

3D liver-on-a-chip reveals AHSG and CLEC3B to mediate cancer-associated fibroblast-induced resistance to TKIs in hepatoma cells.
Metal–organic frameworks as conductivity enhancers for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Suriyakumar Shruti , Manoj Rohit M. , Jayaprakash Sreelakshmy K. , Kumar Sreelakshmi Anil , Sudhakaran Keerthy P. , Vijayan Vinesh , Shaijumon Manikoth M.
Published: October 2024

An approach to employ metal–organic frameworks as conductivity boosters in LATP-based cold-pressed solid electrolytes.
Doping stimulated ferromagnetic ordering and tailoring of the dielectric properties of Ba1−xCexTiO3
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sinha Shreya , Singh Rahul , Pathak Saurabh , Borgohain Barsha , Jahan Noor , Negi N. S.
Published: October 2024

The structural, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of Ba1−xCexTiO3 ceramics with Ce substitution (0–2%) are analyzed, revealing enhanced ferromagnetism, altered grain size, and improved AC conductivity.
Developing peptide-based fusion inhibitors as an antiviral strategy utilizing coronin 1 as a template
Authors: Panda Manbit Subhadarsi , Qazi Bushra , Vishwakarma Vaishali , Pattnaik Gourab Prasad , Haldar Sourav , Chakraborty Hirak
Published: October 2024

mTG 23, a peptide designed from coronin 1, acts as a potent fusion inhibitor and prevents influenza virus infection in cells.
Hyperplane tree-based data mining with a multi-functional memristive crossbar array
Authors: Cheong Sunwoo , Shin Dong Hoon , Lee Soo Hyung , Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Shim Sung Keun , Han Joon-Kyu , Ghenzi Néstor , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: October 2024

A multi-functional memristive crossbar array is studied to implement a newly proposed hyperplane tree-based data mining. The parallelism of the adopted crossbar decreases the time complexity and energy consumption compared to previous methods.
Physics-informed machine learning enabled virtual experimentation for 3D printed thermoplastic
Authors: Chen Zhenru , Wu Yuchao , Xie Yunchao , Sattari Kianoosh , Lin Jian
Published: October 2024

We developed a physics-informed machine learning platform that predicts stress–strain curves of 3D-printed thermoplastics from ink formulations, enabling virtual experimentation and rapid identification of optimal materials in vast chemical spaces.
Quantum interference features and thermoelectric properties of macrocyclic-single molecules: theoretical and modelling investigation
Authors: Halboos Sarah Hussein , Al-Owaedi Oday A. , Al-Robayi Enas M.
Published: October 2024

Cycloparaphenylene molecules not only represent a promising host to examine quantum phenomena but also offer distinct electric and thermoelectric properties to explore new designs and features of thermoelectric materials.
Gold on the horizon: unveiling the chemistry, applications and future prospects of 2D monolayers of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs)
Authors: Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Ali Ashraf , Butt Haider , Zheng Lianxi , Deader Firdous Ahmad , Rezeq Moh'd
Published: October 2024

A family of 2D monolayers of gold nanoparticles exhibits unique physicochemical properties. This review explores their formation, assembly, key interactions, applications, challenges, and future prospects.
Synthesis of a thiophene-based fluorinated library applied to fragment-based drug discovery via19F NMR with confirmed binding to mutant HRASG12V
Authors: Bendahan David , Franca Tanos C. C. , Amiens Kathleen C. , Ayotte Yann , Forgione Pat , LaPlante Steven R.
Published: October 2024

Illustration of a 19F DLBS experiment.
An eco-friendly polycaprolactone/graphite composite as a robust freestanding electrode platform for supercapacitive energy storage
Authors: Gupta Rajeev , Singhal Monika
Published: October 2024

A novel eco-friendly composite electrode/current collector made from polycaprolactone and graphite filler offers bulk conductivity, is freestanding, cost-effective, and shows supercapacitive energy storage potential with electrodeposited polyaniline.
l-Proline catalyzed multi-component synthesis of N-pyridyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines and their α-C(sp3)–H oxygenation
Authors: Boruah Aditi , Deb Mohit L. , Thakuria Ranjit , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: October 2024

l-Proline catalysed synthesis of poly-substituted pyridines and further α-C(sp3)–H oxygenation of the tertiary amine moiety of the resultant pyridines are reported.
Syntheses of bottromycin derivatives via Ugi-reactions and Matteson homologations
Authors: Bickel Etienne , Kazmaier Uli
Published: October 2024

Bottromycin derivatives are prepared using Ugi and Matteson reactions. Ugi reactions allow the assembly of sterically hindered peptide fragments, while the Matteson homologation is suited for the stereoselective synthesis of unusual amino acids.
Anion recognition using meta-substituted ureidocalix[4]arene receptors
Authors: Surina A. , Čejka J. , Salvadori K. , Lhoták P.
Published: October 2024

The bisureas demonstrated interesting differences in complexation: the meta,meta and para,para isomers preferred 2 : 1 complexes, while the analogous meta,para isomer formed a 1 : 1 complex.
Synthesis of ω-functionalized ketones from strained cyclic alcohols by ring-opening and cross-recombination between alkyl and N-oxyl radicals
Authors: Budnikov Alexander S. , Krylov Igor B. , Shevchenko Mikhail I. , Sokova Lyubov’ L. , Liu Yan , Yu Bing , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: October 2024

Ring-opening oxyimidation of cyclobutanols and cyclopropanols with the formation of ω-functionalized ketones via radical cross-recombination is reported.
Synthesis and structural confirmation of selaginpulvilin X
Authors: Havlíková Tereza , Nallappan Sundaravelu , Císařová Ivana , Rycek Lukas
Published: October 2024

We report the first synthesis of natural product selgunpulvilin X, isolated recently from selaginalla pulvinata.
Green perspective drives the renaissance of anionic diene polymerization
Authors: Rauschenbach Moritz , Meier-Merziger Moritz , Frey Holger
Published: October 2024

Polymers based on 1,3-diene monomers play a pivotal role in many commercial elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers. This review summarizes the state of the art and recent developments in the living anionic polymerization of dienes.
Pyridyl–triazole ligands enable in situ generation of a highly active dihydride iridium(iii) complex for formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Abán Miriam , Cuenca J. Marco , Embid Irene , de Toro Alba , Gómez-Sal Pilar , de Jesús Ernesto , Valencia Marta , Yebra Cristina G.
Published: October 2024

[CpIr(CO)H2] efficiently catalyses formic acid dehydrogenation, forming in situ from pyridyl-triazole pre-catalysts [Cp*Ir(k2-NN)(Cl)][OTf]. Neat formic acid is dehydrogenated with a TON of up to 26876 and a TOF exceeding 10700 h−1.
Chemical perspectives on heteroanionic compounds: a potential playground for multiferroics
Authors: Prasad Karishma , Nguyen Vivian , Ji Bingheng , Quah Jasmine , Goodwin Danielle , Wang Jian
Published: October 2024

This review briefly summarizes the chemical flexibility and physical properties of heteroanionic compounds and their potential applications as multiferroics.
Strongly fluorescent indolizine-based coumarin analogs
Authors: Badaro Jaqueline S. A. , Wrzosek Antoni , Morawski Olaf , Szewczyk Adam , Deperasińska Irena , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: October 2024

Blue to yellow-emitting 2-oxo-pyrano[2,3-b]indolizines, which are efficiently prepared in two steps from pyridinium salts, have strong emission across the solvent polarity scale.
Ion-pairing assemblies of anion-responsive helical PtII complexes
Authors: Haketa Yohei , Kawami Maho , Ota Wataru , Sato Tohru , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: October 2024

Dipyrrolyldiketone PtII complexes as helical π-electronic systems formed anion complexes and their solid-state charge-by-charge ion-pairing assemblies with the columnar structures comprising either of the enantiomers.
Phosphoester bond hydrolysis by a discrete zirconium-oxo cluster: mechanistic insights into the central role of the binuclear ZrIV–ZrIV active site
Authors: Luiz Edinara , de Azambuja Francisco , Solé-Daura Albert , Puiggalí-Jou Jordi , Mullaliu Angelo , Carbó Jorge J. , Xavier Fernando R. , Peralta Rosely A. , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: October 2024

Effective degradation of non-natural phosphate triesters (PTs) widely used in pesticides and warfare agents is of paramount relevance for human and environmental safety, particularly under acidic conditions where they are highly stable.
Challenges in aptamer-based sensor development using carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Ferrer Pascual Laura , Gustafsson Eero , Siitonen Juha , Durairaj Vasuki , Laurila Tomi
Published: October 2024

Challenges in electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensor development using carbon nanotube networks.
Design of nanostructured 2D (photo-)electrocatalysts for biomass valorization coupled with H2 production
Authors: Mohazzab Bahareh Feizi , Torabi Kiarash , Gao Dandan
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive review of advanced design strategies of nanostructured 2D electrodes for sustainable biomass valorization coupled with the HER.
Polarity assessment of hydroxide mediated P(VDF-TrFE) composites for piezoelectric energy harvesting and self-powered mechanosensing
Authors: Sasmal Abhishek , Maiti Payel , Arockiarajan Arunachalakasi , Sen Shrabanee
Published: October 2024

The polarity of P(VDF-TrFE) has been found to increase initially and then decrease abruptly after addition of a small amount of ZnSn(OH)6 which has been mainly attributed to excessive and strong hydrogen bonding interaction.
Catalytic recycling of PET waste bottles into a value-added amide monomer using a heterogeneous niobium pentoxide nanocatalyst
Authors: Swapna Bhattu , Putla Suresh Babu , Ramesh Asha , Subrahmanyam Challapalli , Madras Giridhar , Sudarsanam Putla
Published: October 2024

A solution combustion synthesized Nb2O5 nanocatalyst, consisting of strong acid sites, more oxygen vacancies, and a unique morphology, showed higher catalytic efficiency in the chemical recycling of PET waste into a valuable monomer.
Dip coating of shear-thinning particulate suspensions
Authors: Ding D. , Gabbard C. T. , Bostwick J. B.
Published: October 2024

Dip coating a planar substrate with a suspension of particles in a shear-thinning liquid will entrain particles in the liquid film, facilitating filtration and sorting of particles.
Correction: Optimization of misfit calcium cobaltite oxygen electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells through electrospinning processing
Authors: Araújo Allan J. M. , Maor Itzhak I. , Holz Laura I. V. , Mann-Lahav Meirav , Beilin Vadim , Feldhoff Armin , Grader Gideon S. , Loureiro Francisco J. A.
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Optimization of misfit calcium cobaltite oxygen electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells through electrospinning processing’ by Allan J. M. Araújo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA04085F.
Interplay between connectivity and passivating agents in perovskite quantum dot networks
Authors: Morán-Pedroso María , Tiede David O. , Romero-Pérez Carlos , Calvo Mauricio E. , Galisteo-López Juan F. , Míguez Hernán
Published: October 2024

Different treatments (comprising polymeric encasement and different atmospheres) are applied to quantum dot solids in order to modify their defect landscape. The role of the latter in both, carrier recombination and stability, is unveiled.