bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inference and prediction of malaria transmission dynamics using time series data
Authors: Shi Benyun , Lin Shan , Tan Qi , Cao Jie , Zhou Xiaohong , Xia Shang , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Liu Jiming
Published: July 2020

Background

Disease surveillance systems are essential for effective disease intervention and control by monitoring disease prevalence as time series. To evaluate the severity of an epidemic, statistical methods are widely used to forecast the trend, seasonality, and the possible number of infections of a disease. However, most statistical methods are limited in revealing the underlying dynamics of disease transmission, which may be affected by various impact factors, such as environmental, meteorological, and physiological factors. In this study, we focus on investigating malaria transmission dynamics based on time series data.

Methods

A data-driven nonlinear stochastic model is proposed to infer and predict the dynamics of malaria transmission based on the time series of prevalence data. Specifically, the dynamics of malaria transmission is modeled based on the notion of vectorial capacity (VCAP) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR). A particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) method is employed to estimate the model parameters. Accordingly, a one-step-ahead prediction method is proposed to project the number of future malaria infections. Finally, two case studies are carried out on the inference and prediction of Plasmodium vivax transmission in Tengchong and Longling, Yunnan province, China.

Results

The results show that the trained data-driven stochastic model can well fit the historical time series of P. vivax prevalence data in both counties from 2007 to 2010. Moreover, with well-trained model parameters, the proposed one-step-ahead prediction method can achieve better performances than that of the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model with respect to predicting the number of future malaria infections.

Conclusions

By involving dynamically changing impact factors, the proposed data-driven model together with the PMCMC method can successfully (i) depict the dynamics of malaria transmission, and (ii) achieve accurate one-step-ahead prediction about malaria infections. Such a data-driven method has the potential to investigate malaria transmission dynamics in other malaria-endemic countries/regions.
Inactivating mutations in genes encoding for components of the BAF/PBAF complex and immune-checkpoint inhibitor outcome
Authors: Courtet Kevin , Laizet Yec’han , Lucchesi Carlo , Bessede Alban , Italiano Antoine
Published: July 2020

Alterations of genes encoding subunits of the BAF/PBAF complexes are among the most frequent gene aberrations in human cancer. Such alterations have been shown to have an impact on tumor microenvironnement and on the capacity of tumors to respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We analysed the clinical and genetic data from 43,728 patients accessed through cBioportal. The mutational frequencies of ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, PBRM1, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 were 6.6%, 3,4, 3.4, 3.2, 4.1, and 1.2%, respectively. We then investigated the association between the presence of least one nonsynonymous somatic mutation of ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, PBRM1, SMARCA4, or SMARCB1 and overall survival of 1661 patients treated with an ICI. Across the entire cohort, patients with BAF/PBAF mutated tumors have a statistically significant improvement in overall survival (median overall survival: 28 months [95% CI 21.6–34.3] versus 15 months [95% CI 12.9–17.0], p < 0.0001). When tumor mutational burden was adjusted for a multivariable Cox regression analysis, BAF/PBAF gene mutations remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients treated ICI. Our results establish a relationship between mutations in key genes encoding for components of the BAF/PBAF complex and outcome of patients treated with ICI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction.
The Impact of Health Consciousness on the Association Between Walking Durations and Mental Health Conditions After a Disaster: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Utsumi Yusuke , Nemoto Harumi , Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Narita Akira , Kogure Mana , Suzuki Tomomi , Seto Moe , Katayanagi Mitsuaki , Okuyama Junko , Sakuma Atsushi , Honda Nami , Sugawara Yumi , Kaye-Kauderer Halley , Takahashi Yuta , Kayama Akemi , Kakuto Yoshihisa , Kohzuki Masahiro , Hozawa Atsushi , Tsuji Ichiro , Tomita Hiroaki
Published: July 2020

Background

In communities affected by a disaster, walking can be a feasible form of physical exercise to improve physical and mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence to support relationships between walking habits and mental health conditions in post-disaster settings. Cross-sectional epidemiological data obtained from a questionnaire survey (conducted in October 2017) of a community affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was analyzed to evaluate the relationships.

Methods

Participants included individuals over 20 years of age (N = 718) from Shichigahama town in Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were significantly damaged by the GEJE. Their mental health conditions were assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Additionally, the questionnaire asked the participants spent duration walking on average and their walking purpose by the following items: (1) longer than 60 min per day, (2) between 30 and 60 min per day, or (3) less than 30 min per day, and whether they walked to maintain healthy living habits (health-conscious walkers) or merely for transportation without considering health consequences (non-health-conscious walkers). These information and mental health indicators were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

Among the three walking duration groups of health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in CES-D and K6 scores (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), but not in IES-R scores, considering age, gender, and alcohol drinking habits as covariates. CES-D score was significantly higher among short walkers (p = 0.004). Among the three walking duration groups of non-health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in avoidance symptoms, the subdomain of IES-R (p = 0.01), but not in CES-D, K6, and total IES-R scores, considering the variants.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that walking durations may positively affect mood, but not PTSR, only when walking is performed with the purpose of maintaining healthy living habits. Walking durations were negatively associated with avoidance symptoms among non-health-conscious walkers in the community affected by the GEJE, indicating that the disaster may have had a long-lasting impact on walking habits.
Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm Phase II Trial (KEYNOTE-629)
Authors: Grob Jean-Jacques , Gonzalez Rene , Basset-Seguin Nicole , Vornicova Olga , Schachter Jacob , Joshi Abhishek , Meyer Nicolas , Grange Florent , Piulats Josep M. , Bauman Jessica R. , Zhang Pingye , Gumuscu Burak , Swaby Ramona F. , Hughes Brett G. M.
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

Treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC); mortality rates exceed 70% in patients with distant metastases. Here, we present the first interim analysis of the R/M cSCC cohort from the 2-cohort—locally advanced and R/M—phase II KEYNOTE-629 study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with R/M cSCC not amenable to surgery or radiation received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary end point was objective response rate per RECIST v1.1. Secondary end points were duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.

RESULTS

At data cutoff (April 8, 2019), median follow-up of 105 enrolled patients in the R/M cohort was 11.4 months (range, 0.4 to 16.3 months). Objective response rate was 34.3% (95% CI, 25.3% to 44.2%; 4 complete responses, 32 partial responses), and disease control rate was 52.4% (95% CI, 42.4% to 62.2%). Median duration of response was not reached (range, 2.7 to 13.1+ months; ‘+’ refers to ongoing response at data cutoff). Median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 3.1 months to 8.5 months). Median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 10.7 months to not reached). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.7% of patients (n = 70), the most common of which were pruritus (n = 15; 14.3%), asthenia (n = 14; 13.3%), and fatigue (n = 13; 12.4%). Grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 5.7% (n = 6) of patients. One patient died of treatment-related cranial nerve neuropathy.

CONCLUSION

Pembrolizumab demonstrated effective antitumor activity; clinically meaningful, durable responses; and acceptable safety in primarily elderly patients with R/M cSCC, supporting its use in clinical practice. Pembrolizumab adverse events in this study were consistent with its established safety profile.
The Environment and COVID-19 Transmission: A Perspective
Authors: Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , Sokan-Adeaga Ayodeji Micheal , Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a severe public health threat worldwide. Despite the global spread, there is an observed aberration and skewness in the geographic/regional distribution of the disease, with a high preponderance of cases and mortality occurring in the temperate regions compared to the tropics. A plausible explanation for this discrepancy could be linked to variability in environmental factors. Hence, this review discusses succinctly the possible influences of geographic location, temperature/sunlight, relative humidity and building design on the rate of transmission of COVID-19. We postulate that elevated melatonin production in a hot climate, high temperature, adequate vitamin D synthesis from sunlight exposure, high relative humidity and efficient ventilation due to housing design confers innate immunity and adaptive advantage to COVID-19 transmission for populations in the tropics over those in the temperate regions. Hence, we recommend that control studies taking into congnizance the relationship between environment and disease be prioritized. Such studies are important for predicting viral disease spread, in particular if this leads to pandemics like in the case of COVID-19, to aid decisions in public health policies at the global level. level.
Research roundup: July 2020
Authors: Seal Joanne , James Natasha , Hanks Rebecca
Published: July 2020

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to give an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
In the aftermath of Paterson
Authors: Alderson Derek
Published: July 2020

How can we identify poor behaviour at an early stage, before it harms patients?
Lifestyle choice generally shouldn’t influence clinical decisions – but there are exceptions
Authors: Bartlett Richard
Published: July 2020

With healthcare rationing in the headlines again, we present an essays on the topic from the winner of the 2016 Harold Ellis Medical Student Prize for Surgery, Richard Bartlett, who makes the case that there are some instances where it may be appropriate for lifestyle choices to be a factor in clinical decision-making.
Does substandard surgery invalidate consent?
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: July 2020

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
Continuous-wave stability and multipulse structures in a universal complex Ginzburg–Landau model for passively mode-locked lasers with a saturable absorber
Authors: Fandio Jubgang Défi Jr. , Dikandé Alain M. , Sunda-Meya A.
Published: July 2020

The stability of continuous waves and the dynamics of multipulse structures are studied theoretically for a generic model of passively mode-locked fiber lasers with arbitrary nonlinearity. The model is characterized by a complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with a nonlinear term

I
m

/

(
1
+
Γ
I

)
n

, where

I

is the field intensity,

m

and

n

are real numbers, and

Γ

is the saturation power. Fixed-point solutions of the governing equations reveal an interesting loci of singular points in the amplitude-frequency plane consisting of zero, one, or two fixed points, depending on the values of

m

and

n

. The continuous-wave stability is analyzed within the framework of the modulational-instability theory, and the results demonstrate a bifurcation in the continuous-wave amplitude growth rate and propagation constant characteristic of multiperiodic wave structures. In the full nonlinear regime, these multiperiodic wave structures turn out to be multipulse trains, unveiled via numerical simulations of the model nonlinear equation, the rich variety of which is highlighted by considering different combinations of values for the pair (

m

,

n

). The results are consistent with previous analyses of the dynamics of multipulse structures in several contexts of passively mode-locked lasers with a saturable absorber, as well as with predictions about the existence of multipulse structures and bound-state solitons in optical fibers with strong optical nonlinearity, such as cubic-quintic and saturable nonlinearities.
All-fiber spatiotemporally mode-locked laser with multimode fiber-based filtering
Authors: Teğin Uğur , Rahmani Babak , Kakkava Eirini , Psaltis Demetri , Moser Christophe
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the first all-fiber multimode spatiotemporally mode-locked laser. The oscillator generates dissipative soliton pulses at 1036 nm with 12 mW average power, 6.24 ps duration, and 24.3 MHz repetition rate. The reported pulse energy (0.5 nJ) represents ∼4 times improvement over the previously reported single-mode all-normal dispersion mode-locked lasers with multimode interference-based filtering. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the cavity and spatiotemporal mode-locking dynamics. The all-fiber oscillator we present shows promise for practical use since it can be fabricated simply.
Fourier domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator with a diode-tuned bandpass filter
Authors: Hao Peng , Lu Hao , Han Ruxia , Wang Xichen , Liu Xuesheng , Yao X. Steve
Published: July 2020

We report what we believe to be the first Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) without using a tunable signal source to implement, such as a tunable laser or a tunable microwave source as described in the previous reports. We designed and fabricated a tunable microwave filter with individually packaged microwave components, in which a low cost diode-tuned phase shifter was used to rapidly tune the filter center frequency. We successfully realized Fourier domain mode-locking of an OEO using the diode-tuned filter and obtained linearly chirped microwave signals around 9 GHz with a chirp rate of 36 MHz/µs and a frequency tuning range of 0.4 GHz, which can be extended to 142 MHz/µs and 1.56 GHz, respectively, with a filter circuit using chip sized components. We found, for the first time to the best of authors’ knowledge, that the phase noise of FDML OEO’s delayed self-heterodyne signal is an excellent indicator for mode-locking frequency optimization, which had a “U” shape dependence on the detuning of the mode-locking frequency with a locking range of over 40 Hz. We also investigated harmonic mode-locking of the FDML up to 5th harmonics and achieved a chirp rate of 180 MHz/µs using the tunable filter of individually packaged components. Compared with the previous FDML OEO’s implemented with tunable signal sources, our diode tuned FDML OEO has the advantages of low cost, compact size, excellent frequency tuning linearity, easy implemention and immunity to laser frequency drift and noise for achieving better frequency repeatability and lower phase noise.
Observation of energy transfer at optical frequency to an ultrathin silicon waveguide
Authors: Fang Liping , Danos Lefteris , Markvart Tom , Chen Rui
Published: July 2020

Energy transfer from a submonolayer of rhodamine 6G molecules to a 130 nm thick crystalline silicon (Si) waveguide is investigated. The dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of rhodamine on its distance to the Si waveguide is characterized and modeled successfully by a classical dipole model. The energy transfer process could be regarded as photon tunneling into the Si waveguide via the evanescent waves. The experimentally observed tunneling rate is well described by an analytical expression obtained via a complex variable analysis in the complex wavenumber plane.
Political communication strategies of sub-Saharan Africa nationalist movements in the era of (de)colonization: The case of the UPC in Cameroon (1948–56)
Authors: Tatchou Nounkeu Christian
Published: July 2020

This article is about the political communication strategies of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), a political party in Cameroon which fought for the independence of the country. We particularly focus on the communication channels used by the UPC to transmit political messages, in a context marked by severe administrative repression and restrictions of freedom of press and expression. Theoretically, our article relies on the concept of media system. Methodologically, we use text analysis to map the choices of the UPC. The period of analysis ranges from 1948 when the UPC was created to 1956 when the party was banned by the colonial authorities. The results show that the political communication strategy of the UPC mainly gave preference to letter writing to mobilize the masses. In addition, the UPC owned several newspapers to cover its activities and criticize the French colonial administration in Cameroon.
O Brasil que o Jornal Nacional quer: dinâmicas de agendamento do público no quadro “O Brasil Que Eu Quero”
Authors: Araújo Bruno , Martins Anne Soares , Carvalho Anny Gabrielly Martins , Ávila Layse Karolline de Oliveira , Arias Victor Amaral
Published: July 2020

Partindo da teoria do agenda setting, que ajuda a entender o trabalho de seleção noticiosa e de agendamento da opinião pública pela mídia, o presente trabalho analisa a relação entre a seleção noticiosa do Jornal Nacional, da TV Globo, e as dinâmicas de agendamento promovidas pelo quadro “O Brasil Que Eu Quero” durante as Eleições de 2018 no Brasil. O objetivo do quadro, exibido em todos os telejornais da Globo durante o ano de eleições, era dar voz às pessoas, no sentido de compreender em que país os brasileiros gostariam de viver. Neste texto, pretende-se desenvolver uma leitura crítica do projeto, a partir da hipótese de que os vídeos exibidos tiveram íntima relação com a seleção noticiosa do dia, correspondendo, assim, a uma agenda do telejornal sobre o Brasil, em vez de constituir-se como espaço de projeção genuína da agenda do público. Empiricamente, o estudo desenvolveu uma análise de conteúdo, baseada na proposta de Bardin (2011), que permitiu a criação de categorias temáticas de organização das notícias e do conteúdo dos vídeos, no intervalo de duas semanas durante a campanha eleitoral.
A informação no Facebook e a satisfação com a democracia
Authors: Ferreira Gil Baptista , Borges Susana
Published: July 2020

O artigo questiona o impacto da informação pelo Facebook na formação de opinião sobre assuntos políticos, entre jovens portugueses que frequentam o Ensino Superior. Começa por avaliar a utilização do Facebook como instrumento para a expressão de opiniões e para a obtenção de informação. Procura, de seguida, caracterizar o ambiente discursivo sobre assuntos políticos mais comuns nessa rede social. A partir de um questionário aplicado a 160 estudantes do Ensino Superior em Portugal, o estudo constata que pouco mais de um terço dos estudantes publica na rede Facebook, a qual é, por sua vez, diariamente consultada pela quase totalidade dos alunos, para quem esta é a plataforma online mais utilizada para obter informação. Identifica-se a existência, nesse espaço, de um ambiente marcado pela negatividade e pela insatisfação em relação ao funcionamento da democracia. Os dados recolhidos permitem sugerir a existência de um fenómeno de informação pelos pares (consistente com o modelo “two-step flow of communication”), em que uma maioria é exposta a um ambiente hegemónico alimentado por uma minoria (gerando um fenómeno de espiral do silêncio), criando as condições para a existência de um pseudo-ambiente de negatividade e de insatisfação, que poderá favorecer uma perceção pública hostil ao funcionamento da democracia.
A Importância do Desenvolvimento de Equipes Multifuncionais e Autogerenciáveis / The Importance of Development of Multifunctional and Self-Managed Teams
Authors: Souza Francisca Angélica Freitas de , Macêdo Maria Erilúcia Cruz
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo surge em meio às discussões sobre a importância do trabalho em equipe e suas configurações ao longo dos anos. Dessa forma, tem-se como objetivo geral analisar as contribuições da utilização de equipes multifuncionais e autogerenciáveis para a elevação da performance empresarial. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se apresentar o papel da liderança frente às equipes autogerenciáveis para um melhor trabalho em equipe e identificar os desafios que as empresas podem enfrentar ao buscarem montar uma equipe de funcionários com base nas equipes autogerenciáveis. Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura expositiva com abordagem qualitativa, relevando que as práticas de liderança passaram por transformações ao longo dos anos, deixando de ser autoritárias e assumindo posturas dialógicas e democráticas. Não obstante, o trabalho em equipe evoluiu, onde novas configurações como as equipes autogerenciáveis e de alta performance geram maiores lucros para as empresas, porém, continuam demandando por práticas de lideranças que possibilitem com que estas sintam-se motivados e pertencentes às empresas. Para isso, é preciso que as empresas atentem-se às habilidades que o líder deve possuir para que este possa exercer uma liderança condizente com as metas a serem alcançadas pela empresa.
Assistência de Enfermagem à Cuidadores de Crianças com Deficiência: Revisão Integrativa / New Tools for Finding Talents: Online Recruitment and Selection
Authors: Santos Dária Catarina Silva , Oliveira Alessandra Quitéria Barbosa de , Silva Anna Flávia Araújo Dantas , Gomes Damiana Teixeira , Silva Alexiane Mendonça da , Lélis Ana Luíza Paula de Aguiar
Published: July 2020

O objetivo foi identificar na produção científica quais as ações educativas em saúde desenvolvidas por enfermeiros á cuidadores de crianças com deficiência. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada com o levantamento de dados obtidos no Portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, mediante a aplicação dos descritores: enfermagem, crianças com deficiência, educação em saúde. Não foi estabelecido recorte temporal para inclusão dos artigos. Resultados: foram analisados 8 artigos, nos quais apresentaram práticas e estratégias de cuidados para a realização das ações aos cuidadores, destacando-se orientações e acolhimento, existindo dificuldades e facilidades no processo. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem apresentam papel fundamental no processo de orientações aos cuidadores e para melhoria da assistência necessitam compreender sua importância. Enfatiza-se ainda a escassez dos estudos acerta das práticas desenvolvidas por estes profissionais abordando esta temática.
Concepções do Multiletramento na Contemporaneidade / Conceptions of Multiliteracy in Contemporary
Authors: Fontes Francisca Dos Santos , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo  objetivou uma discussão sobre as concepções  do multiletramento na contemporaneidade. A metodologia consistiu em revisão integrativa  com os seguintes aportes teóricos de autores como: Jonassen (2008), Diesel, Baldez e Martins (2017), Ortunes e Sousa (2018), Pereira, Schimitt e Dias (2007), Pretto e Silveira (2008), Santos e Lacerda (2019), Sousa (2018) e Staker e Horn (2015), dentre outros. Os resultados parecem indicar que as tecnologias da informação e conhecimento (TICs) disponíveis, assim como a internet possuem uma grande influência no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Sendo assim, é necessária a conciliação do processo de constituição do saber com as novas tecnologias, ampliando o leque de possibilidades de aprender. E finalmente, os saberes que são construídos no cotidiano são indispensáveis para a construção do saber dos indivíduos, pois são referências, marcas e aspectos que constituem a identidade do aluno.
As Contribuições da Capoeira na Educação / Capoeira's Contributions in Education
Authors: Silva Tiago Da , Lima Paula Veruska Alexandre de , Mateus Raquel Da Silva , Saraiva Edilne Maria Luna Bacurau , Santana Juliana Alves
Published: July 2020

A capoeira nos tempos atuais vem crescendo em quantidades de adeptos a sua prática, tanto no Brasil como em outros países, trabalhando educação tanto formal, como informal e não formal. Os praticantes desta arte unem um corpo mais saudável e uma mente mais aberta. É um esporte muito completo, unindo: força, flexibilidade e equilíbrio num jogo que é quase uma dança, não fossem pelos golpes deferidos pelos capoeiristas. O intuito deste trabalho de pesquisa é analisar através da história da capoeira a identidade cultural afro-brasileira, reconhecimento da mesma como luta, influências regionais cearenses para o crescimento da arte genuinamente brasileira e a força da Capoeira como educação na formação cidadã no exercício da cidadania. A população e a amostra da pesquisa serão qualitativas, sendo uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foram usados artigos e livros para levantar informações teóricas e históricas sobre o assunto para um questionamento sobre a capoeira como patrimônio brasileiro, cultura, luta e educação. Serão utilizados para as escolhas desses artigos aqueles que mais se adequam ao que se deseja questionar e levantar informações teóricas suficientes sobre o assunto, no intuito de ser o mais claro possível para não chegar às contradições que surgem em relação ao estudo da história da capoeira e sua origem, buscando, além disso, a importância da mesma para a formação educacional, cultural, histórico, social, difusora da língua portuguesa e identidade do povo brasileiro.
O ambiente Pedagógico e a inserção das Novas Tecnologias Educacionais no Ensino da Química / The Pedagogical Environment and the Insertion of New Educational Technologies in the Teaching of Chemistry
Authors: Meneses Cláudia Cardins Pinho , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo objetivou uma discussão sobre o ambiente Pedagógico e a inserção das Novas Tecnologias Educacionais no Ensino da Química. A metodologia consistiu em revisão integrativa  com base nos aportes teóricos de autores como Molina (2014) que explicita quanto a educação inclusiva lidada nos aspectos sóciocognitivos do educando; Kenski (2004); Lima e Moite (2011); que nos trazem demandas da informática educativa ressaltando quanto ao uso tecnológico no ambiente escolar; Moran (2013); Brito, Camas, Estevam e Fofonca (2018) velam pela conjectura das tecnologias educacionais demandadas com a contemporaneidade em voga; Ferreira e Rosado (2015) tratam do ensino de química no conjunto das tecnologias; e Perrenoud (2000) vem com as novas competências para ensinar e, as características do currículo, que precisam estar com suas linhas conforme a realidade do educando, dentre outros. Conclui-se que é indispensável o uso dos recursos tecnológicos dentro da praticidade pedagógica, no desenvolvimento intelectual do educando, seja para o ensino da química ou de qualquer outra disciplina. Uma relação harmoniosa entre a instituição educacional, professor e alunos, só pode enriquecer e facilitar o desempenho do educando. É no trabalho em conjunto ante os desafios, que somos instigados a desenvolver ao máximo nossas capacidades intelectuais, criativas, expressivas, emocionais e cognitivas.
Alfabetização e Letramento: uma abordagem teórico-metodológica do processo de leitura e escrita / Literacy and Literacy: a theoretical-methodological approach to the reading and writing process
Authors: Mateus Raquel Da Silva , Silva Juliana Alves da , Silva Tiago Da , Lima Paula Veruska Alexandre de
Published: July 2020

A questão da alfabetização no Brasil ainda é um problema, se fazendo necessário repensar essa prática escolar. A alfabetização é um processo complexo, tendo o seu início antes mesmo da própria escolarização, pois o sujeito antes mesmo de adentrar a escola já traz consigo vivências do seu cotidiano. Nesse sentido, objetivamos refletir sobre a história e o conceito de alfabetização enfocando que essa é mais do que ensinar a ler e a escrever e sobre seus métodos pedagógicos, colocando também sobre a importância do letramento e como essa dupla deve está atrelada no processo de aprendizagem da língua, proporcionando um entendimento mais crítico desse fenômeno que é tão discutido no meio educacional e na qual a prática dos professores precisam estar embasadas. Esse texto resulta de um estudo bibliográfico que nos mostra que a especificidade da alfabetização é, em si, o ensino do código alfabético e ortográfico enquanto a especificidade do letramento é o uso social deste código. Por fim, conclui-se afirmando que é possível sim atingir a qualidade da educação nas classes de alfabetização, desde que utilizemos práticas educacionais que reflitam diferentes metodologias, proporcionando tanto o desenvolvimento da alfabetização quanto o desenvolvimento do letramento de cada sujeito. Palavras – Chave: Alfabetização, Letramento, Leitura, Escrita.
Inconsistency distribution patterns of different remote sensing land-cover data from the perspective of ecological zoning
Authors: Sui Lichun , Kang Junmei , Yang Xiaomei , Wang Zhihua , Wang Jun
Published: July 2020

Analyzing consistency of different land-cover data is significant to reasonably select land-cover data for regional development and resource survey. Existing consistency analysis of different datasets mainly focused on the phenomena of spatial consistency regional distribution or accuracy comparison to provide guidelines for choosing the land-cover data. However, few studies focused on the hidden inconsistency distribution rules of different datasets, which can provide guidelines not only for users to properly choose them but also for producers to improve their mapping strategies. Here, we zoned the Sindh province of Pakistan by the Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World as a case to analyze the inconsistency patterns of the following three datasets: GlobeLand30, FROM-GLC, and regional land cover (RLC). We found that the inconsistency of the three datasets was relatively low in areas having a dominant type and also showing homogeneity characteristics in remote sensing images. For example, cropland of the three datasets in the ecological zoning of Northwestern thorn scrub forests showed high consistency. In contrast, the inconsistency was high in areas with strong heterogeneity. For example, in the southeast of the Thar desert ecological zone where cropland, grassland, shrubland, and bareland were interleaved and the surface cover complexity was relatively high, the inconsistency of the three datasets was relatively high. We also found that definitions of some types in different classification systems are different, which also increased the inconsistency. For example, the definitions of grassland and bareland in GlobeLand30 and RLC were different, which seriously affects the consistency of these datasets. Hence, producers can use the existing land-cover products as reference in ecological zones with dominant types and strong homogeneity. It is necessary to pay more attention on ecological zoning with complex land types and strong heterogeneity. An effective way is standardizing the definitions of complex land types, such as forest, shrubland, and grassland in these areas.
Improvement of toughness and hardness in BR1500HS steel by ultrafine martensite
Authors: Wang Li-Yong , Li Le
Published: July 2020

To obtain the ultrafine martensite for BR1500HS ultra-high-strength steel, a new preparation process of cyclic heat treatment (CHT) with descending heat temperature and holding time along with cycle steps was developed. First, a series of thermal dilation tests were conducted with the temperature range of 420–730°C and the heat rate of 5 K/s on a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical physical simulator. According to the experimental data, the temperature ranges and the optimal holding time to completely austenitize BR1500HS were determined. Then, to confirm the optimal parameters of CHT for BR1500HS, several tests with various temperatures and cycle steps were conducted and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, the CHTs with decreasing heating temperature and holding time were studied due to the increasing internal energy of steel along with the CHT process. The lath width was measured as a criterion to evaluate the refinement degree in this article. After several loops of heat treatment, the lath width is reduced to 0.268 µm. Finally, the hardness evolution of the specimens subjected to CHT in this study was analyzed and compared with the lath width test results, which justified the effectiveness of the new developed process.
Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Promote Socioeconomic Development? Evidence from Advanced, Emerging-market, Developing and Transition Economies
Authors: Das Minakshee
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on host countries’ socioeconomic development for a sample of more than 80 countries during 1986–2017. It analyses three main areas, namely—health, social-protection and income-distribution, represented by life-expectancy, unemployment-rate and GINI index respectively. The countries are grouped into four categories according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) classification, namely—advanced, emerging-market, developing and transition economies. Previous literature provides an equivocal picture of the impact of inward FDI on socioeconomic development. Several researchers have noted that a certain threshold level of development in the host country is necessary to make it possible to exploit the benefits of inward FDI. The analysis shows that the impact of inward FDI differs with the three main areas (namely—health, social-protection and income-distribution) with different country groups. In general, with an increase in inward FDI the life-expectancy increases, unemployment-rate deepens and the income-distribution becomes more skewed. The findings have important policy implications. The policies should be designed in such a way that there is a positive long-term impact on socioeconomic development by encouraging inward FDI.
Nicotine Self-Administration Induces Plastic Changes to Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula
Authors: Jin Xiao-Tao , Tucker Brenton R. , Drenan Ryan M.
Published: July 2020

Chronic nicotine upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the brain, and reducing their activity may promote somatic and affective states that lead to nicotine seeking. nAChRs are functionally upregulated in animal models using passive nicotine administration, but whether/how it occurs in response to volitional nicotine intake is unknown. The distinction is critical, as drug self-administration (SA) can induce neurotransmission and cellular excitability changes that passive drug administration does not. In this study, we probed the question of whether medial habenula (MHb) nAChRs are functionally augmented by nicotine SA. Male rats were implanted with an indwelling jugular catheter and trained to nose poke for nicotine infusions. A saline SA group controlled for non-specific responding and nicotine-associated visual cues. Using patch-clamp whole-cell recordings and local application of acetylcholine, we observed robust functional enhancement of nAChRs in MHb neurons from rats with a history of nicotine SA. To determine whether upregulated receptors are generally enhanced or directed to specific cellular compartments, we imaged neurons during recordings using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM). nAChR activity at the cell soma and on proximal and distal dendrites was examined by local nicotine uncaging using a photoactivatable nicotine (PA-Nic) probe and focal laser flash photolysis. Results from this experiment revealed strong nAChR enhancement at all examined cellular locations. Our study demonstrates nAChR functional enhancement by nicotine SA, confirming that volitional nicotine intake sensitizes cholinergic systems in the brain. This may be a critical plasticity change supporting nicotine addiction.
Towards an equity competency model for sustainable food systems education programs
Authors: Valley Will , Anderson Molly , Blackstone Nicole Tichenor , Sterling Eleanor , Betley Erin , Akabas Sharon , Koch Pamela , Dring Colin , Burke Joanne , Spiller Karen
Published: July 2020

Addressing social inequities has been recognized as foundational to transforming food systems. Activists and scholars have critiqued food movements as lacking an orientation towards addressing issues of social justice. To address issues of inequity, sustainable food systems education (SFSE) programs will have to increase students’ equity-related capabilities. Our first objective in this paper is to determine the extent to which SFSE programs in the USA and Canada address equity. We identified 108 programs and reviewed their public facing documents for an explicit focus on equity. We found that roughly 80% of universities with SFSE programs do not provide evidence that they explicitly include equity in their curricula. Our second objective is to propose an equity competency model based on literature from multiple fields and perspectives. This entails dimensions related to knowledge of self; knowledge of others and one’s interactions with them; knowledge of systems of oppression and inequities; and the drive to embrace and create strategies and tactics for dismantling racism and other forms of inequity. Integrating our equity competency model into SFSE curricula can support the development of future professionals capable of dismantling inequity in the food system. We understand that to integrate an equity competency in our curricula will require commitment to build will and skill not only of our students, but our faculty, and entire university communities.
Parental Perspectives on Continuous Pulse Oximetry Use in Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations
Authors: Chi Kevin W. , Coon Eric R. , Destino Lauren , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Because of the impact of continuous pulse oximetry (CPOX) on the overdiagnosis of hypoxemia in bronchiolitis, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Choosing Wisely campaign have issued recommendations for intermittent monitoring. Parental preferences for monitoring may impact adoption of these recommendations, but these perspectives are poorly understood.

METHODS:

Using this cross-sectional survey, we explored parental perspectives on CPOX monitoring before discharge and 1 week after bronchiolitis hospitalizations. During the 1-week call, half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive a verbal statement on the potential harms of CPOX to determine if conveying the concept of overdiagnosis can change parental preferences on monitoring frequency. An aggregate variable measuring favorable perceptions of CPOX was created to determine CPOX affinity predictors.

RESULTS:

In-hospital interviews were completed on 357 patients, of which 306 (86%) completed the 1-week follow-up. Although 25% of parents agreed or strongly agreed that hospital monitors made them feel anxious, 98% agreed that the monitors were helpful. Compared to other vital signs, respiratory rate (87%) and oxygen saturation (84%) were commonly rated as “extremely important.” Providing an educational statement on CPOX comparatively decreased parental desire for continuous monitoring (40% vs 20%; P < .001). Although there were no significant predictors of CPOX affinity, the effect size of the educational intervention was higher in college-educated parents.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents find security in CPOX. A brief statement on the potential harms of CPOX use had an impact on stated monitoring preferences. Parental perspectives are important to consider because they may influence the adoption of intermittent monitoring.
Stephan Procházka: Altäthiopische Studiengrammatik
Authors: Weninger Stefan
Published: July 2020

Review
Pastophoria and Altars: Interaction in Ethiopian Liturgy and Church Architecture
Authors: Fritsch Emmanuel , Gervers Michael
Published: July 2020

FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHS BELONGING TO THE ARTICLE SEE SUPPLEMENTARY FILES > There are three parts to the interior space of ancient Ethiopian churches: a sanctuary (Mäqdäs) which is expanded into the “Holy Place” (Qǝddǝst) and the place of the assembly (Qǝne maḥlet). Four rooms stand at the corners of a cross-in-square interior: two service rooms on either side of a narthex-like entrance-room, westwards and, more important for the present discussion, two eastern service rooms which flank the sanctuary. These are called the pastophoria. After early input from Syria-Palestine, the Ethiopian basilicas took on an Aksumite character. Their development continued in a loose relationship with changes on the Egyptian scene, notably with a double phenomenon: the evolution of the rite and place of preparation of the bread and wine for Mass (the prothesis), and the demand for more altars at a time when churches could not be multiplied in Egypt. A study of architectural changes in the churches, alongside a comparison of liturgical practices and clues found in iconography and Coptic and Syriac literature, can bear witness to how the liturgy of the Ethiopian Church developed. Such investigation is all the more important because the absence of written documentation until the 13th century has left the church buildings as almost the only evidence available for study. The present study concentrates on the evolution and eventual disappearance of the pastophoria. The nature and location of the altars provides further evidence for dating. It should be noted that Ethiopia does not entirely abide by the Coptic models, essentially because what provoked change in Egypt did not exist in Ethiopia. Many questions still remain to be answered, including: When and where did the large monolithic altar of the permanent Coptic altar type first appear? Why are the West-Syriac and Ethiopian Churches today the only ones to celebrate Mass in a synchronized manner? We hope to address these and other questions at a later date.
Déborah Lifszyc (1907–1942): Ethnologue et linguiste (de Gondär à Auschwitz)
Authors: Prijac Lukian
Published: July 2020

Déborah Lifszyc, a Polish Jewish born in Russia, French naturalized in 1937, was ethnologist and linguist, an one of those least known figures ignored of the 30’s in Ethiopian Studies. A member of the Dakar–Djibouti mission in 1932, she follows Marcel Griaule in a 1935 mission in Sudan. Michel Leiris’s friend, she worked with him on the zars and the interpretation of amulets. A founding member of the Musée de l’Homme in Trocadéro, she joins the French resistance in the network of the same name. Arrested by the French police in 1942, she was deported to Auschwitz where she died.
Elisabeth Biasio: Heilige und Helden. Äthiopiens zeitgenössische Malerei im traditionellen Stil
Authors: Wion Anaïs
Published: July 2020

Review Article
Albrecht Berger (ed.): Life and Works of Saint Gregentios, Archbishop of Taphar. Introduction, Critical Edition and Translation
Authors: Bausi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Review
Academic News: Alessandro Bausi: new Professor of Ethiopian Studies at Hamburg University
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: July 2020

Personalia
Klaus Wedekind - Charlotte Wedekind - Abuzeinab Musa: A Learner’s Grammar of Beja (East Sudan) - Grammar, Texts and Vocabulary (Beja-English and English-Beja)
Authors: Voigt Rainer
Published: July 2020

Review
Abraha the Abyssinian in Islamic tradition
Authors: Van Donzel Emeri
Published: July 2020

Abraha, the Abyssinian ruler of Yemen, who dared to attack Mecca in an attempt to demolish the sacred Kaʿba, is well known in Muslim historical traditions about pre-Islamic Arabia (Sīra and ḥadīṯ). The article presents a collection of the most significant Islamic texts related to Abraha and his military adventure. The author explains how the image of the Ethiopian army commander was blended into the traditional Islamic eschatological personage of the Abyssinian “with the two small shanks” who will destroy the sanctuary of Mecca before the end of the world. Moreover, the descriptions of the characteristics of these two individuals are analyzed in detail to highlight the fact that there is a clear difference between the report of Abraha’s actions in the more historically oriented sources (Sīra) and the harsh judgment against him in the definitely more religiously marked prophetic sayings (ḥadīṯ). ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Olga Kapeliuk: Selected Papers in Ethio-Semitic and Neo-Aramaic Linguistics
Authors: Bausi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Review
Messay Kebede: Radicalism and Cultural Dislocation in Ethiopia, 1960-1974
Authors: Guazzini Federica
Published: July 2020

Review
Dirk Bustorf: Die Sǝlṭe. Geschichte, Geschichtserzählung und Geschichtsbewusstsein eines muslimischen Volkes im südlichen Zentral-Äthiopien
Authors: Bustorf Dirk
Published: July 2020

Dissertation Abstract
The Function of Charter-Myths and Trickster-Tales in Ethiopia
Authors: Molvaer Reidulf K.
Published: July 2020

Where there is no consensus between rulers and ruled about the extent of and limits to the use of power, rulers usually invent charters that give them divine rights to wield power at their own discretion. Most people are law-abiding citizens even under such conditions, but their sympathies lie with the few who dare to take the law into their own hands and free themselves from the constraints imposed by society as if social rules were inviolable. Such people are a law unto themselves, just like rulers who consider themselves to be above the law, but on a much smaller scale. Without checks on behaviour ‘from above’, lawlessness would flourish; but trickster-tales may hint that obedience to the law is not absolute, and that rebellion is a possibility if power is misused. Trickster-tales remind rulers to be moderate in their use of power. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Hussein M. Musa – Awäl Mähammäd: Mähmačot. Yäsǝlṭe mǝssaleyawi annägagäročč. Yämäǧämäriya ǝttǝm mäskäräm, 'Sǝlṭe Proverbs'
Authors: Gelaye Getie
Published: July 2020

Review
Notice-board
Authors: Ullendorff Edward
Published: July 2020

InformationATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Aṣe Zärʾa Yaʿǝqobs Kinder: Spuren der Vorbevölkerung von Sǝlṭe-Land
Authors: Bustorf Dirk
Published: July 2020

The article compiles and analyses those historical narratives collected among the Sǝlṭe of southern-central Ethiopia, which deal with the migration of the later Sǝlṭe and their encounter with the original inhabitants of their new homeland. It correlates newly collected oral traditions (genealogies, local clan histories) and already published oral accounts with written sources. After a definition of the Sǝlṭe and their sub-units, the different traditional concepts of the original inhabitants (e.g., Žära, hagär säb, yafär säb, King Dawe) and the metamorphosis of these concepts are discussed. The claimed descent from aṣe Zärʾa Yaʿǝqob is identified as the dominant idea. The article points out how migration narratives and traditions on the establishment of the relations between original inhabitants and newcomers lay ideological fundaments of territorial claims as well as of identity, which still today are highly relevant.
On the Occasion of Wolf Leslau’s 100th Birthday
Authors: Devens Monica S.
Published: July 2020

Personalia