bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI PARAMETER FISIKA DAN KIMIA AIRTANAH PADA AKIFER ENDAPAN PRODUK GUNUNG API (Studi kasus : Cekungan Airtanah Bandung)
Authors: Sunarwan Bambang , Kamal Netty , Luthfi Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Pelamparan akifer pembentuk CAT Bandung-Soreang terdiri atas batuan hasil pengendapan batuan gunungapi hasil erupsi G.Tangkubanparahu dan dialasi oleh batuan endapan sedimen umur Tersier. Kondisi tersebut berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik model hidrogeologi CAT Bandung-Soreang, dengan litologi pembentuk akuifer berupa endapan volkanik yang memiliki kemiripan parameter hidrolika (porositas dan permeabilitas) sebagai refleksi strata kehadiran dan pergerakan airtanah pada akifer dalam satu kesatuan satuan hidrostratigrafi (UHs) atau dikenal dengan hidrostratigrafic units (HSU).Dipertegas dengan hasil perunutan isotop stabil Oksigen-18 (18O), Deuterium (2H), dan Tritium (3H), sifat fisik-hidrokimia akuifer serta dengan mengacu pada stratigrafi cekungan geologi Bandung, karakteristik kimia airtanah untuk hidrostratigrafi volkanik CAT Bandung-Soreang, dapat diidentifikasi, dan mampu melengkapi pengembangan hidrogeologi CAT Bandung-Soreang.Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun hidrostratigrafi sesuai kaidah hidrogeologi untuk daerah endapan volkanik dilengkapi dengan karakterisasi hidrokimia akuifer, perunutan konsentrasi Oksigen -18 (18O), Deuterium (2H), dan Tritium (3H) dengan daerah penelitian Cekungan Airtanah (CAT) Bandung - Soreang.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan tiga pendekatan yakni: observasi hidrogeologi permukaan, identifikasi dan analisis sifat hidrolika akifer sumber air (mata air, sumur gali dan data pengeboran), serta memanfaatkan analisis statistik terhadap data hidrokimia airtanah. Penjelasan masing masing metode diterangkan pada pembahasan metodologi.Kata kunci : identifikasi, parameter, akifer, hidrostratigrafi, hidrokimia, cekungan airtanah
ANALISA IMPLEMENTASI POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SEBAGAI BACKBONE WI-FI EXTENDER
Authors: RODIAH MACHDI AGUSTINI
Published: July 2022

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan analisis tentang implementasi power line communication sebagai backbone Wi-Fi extender, sebagai referensi maupun sebagai acuan dalam memanfaatkan jaringan instalasi listrik yang ada untuk digunakan sebagai jaringan data ataupun sebagai backbone untuk pendistribusian data dalam suatu rumah atau gedung yang disertai dengan analisa QoS nya.Dari langkah-langkah pengujian yang sudah dilakukan, penggunaan teknologi PLC/Homeplug ini sudah cukup mumpuni untuk digunakan sebagai infrastruktur LAN ataupun sebagai backbone jaringan. Pengujian dan pengukuran menggunakan Jperf/Iperf, dengan background bandwidth yang sudah ditentukan untuk ketiga jenis skenario implementasi, membuktikan nilai-nilai QoS yang didapat masih dalam nilai-nilai kualifikasi TIPHON. Pada saat jaringan dibebani dengan traffic data streaming video terjadi kenaikan jitter dan delay, tetapi nilai QoS yang didapat masih dalam area nilai kualifikasi TIPHON. Dari pengujian video streaming ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada penurunan kualitas dari hasil video secara kasat mata, walaupun kondisi jaringan listrik dalam kondisi beban penuh (semua peralatan listrik dinyalakan). Kata kunci : power line communication, PLC, homeplug, backbone, QoS, jitter, delay, packet loss, bandwidth, throughput, TIPHON
KAJIAN GEOTEKNIK KESTABILAN LERENG DI DAERAH QUARRY HAMBALANG, KECAMATAN CITEUREUP KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Dan SOLIHIN DJAUHARI NOOR
Published: July 2022

Quarry Hambalang adalah suatu quarry bahan baku semen milik PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakasa, Tbk. yang secara geologi tersusun dari batuan napal, batulempung dan batupasir gampingan Formasi Jatiluhur, dimana batuan-batuan tersebut adalah jenis batuan yang relatif tidak stabil apabila dilakukan penambangan dengan metoda open pit dengan membuat lereng-lereng, dikarenakan faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan lereng seperti antara lain jenis batuan, stratigrafi, dan struktur geologinya. Kestabilan lereng banyak ditentukan oleh tingkat pelapukan dan struktur geologi yang ada pada massa batuan tersebut, seperti sesar, kekar, lipatan, dan bidang perlapisan (Sulistianto,2011). Struktur-struktur tersebut selain lipatan juga disebut bidang lemah. Disamping geologi struktur, kandungan air dan karakteristik sifat fisik mekanik juga dapat  mempengaruhi kestabilan lereng. Berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan lereng tersebut diatas, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan kajian geoteknik untuk kestabilan lereng pada Quarry Hambalang, Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat konsensi penambangan milik PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Tbk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mendesain kestabilan lereng yang terdapat pada Quarry Hambalang di wilayah Kecamatan Citereup, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat untuk mengetahui jenis longsoran, nilai faktor keamanan dan desain lereng yang sesuai dengan batas terendah faktor keamanan lereng. Kata Kunci: Kajian Geoteknik, Kestabilan Lereng, Quarry Hambalang.
ANALISIS PEMBUATAN PETA ZONA NILAI TANAH UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI PERTUMBUHAN PASAR TANAH DI KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2018
Authors: DIAH KIRANA KRESNAWATI DESSY APRIYANTI dan
Published: July 2022

Tanah merupakan sumber daya yang berperan penting dalam mendukung kebutuhan dasar manusia. Tanah perlu dikelola dengan baik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin untuk kemakmuran manusia tanpa merusak kelestarian dari tanah itu sendiri dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk mengindikasikan bahwa kebutuhan akan tanah juga mengalami peningkatan, sehingga mendorong peningkatan permintaan akan tanah yang kemudian akibatnya meningkatkan penawaran harga tanah yang semakin tinggi. Transaksi jual beli tanah juga ikut meningkat. Karena jumlah tanah sifatnya tetap maka adanya peraturan tentang penggunaan tanah di dalam perencanaan wilayah sangat diperlukan. Distribusi transaksi jual beli tanah dapat digambarkan dalam bentuk peta pasar tanah. Pasar tanah dapat menunjukkan kawasan yang memiliki jumlah transaksi yang tinggi. Dari pasar tanah di Kota Bogor dapat dianalisis arah dan tingkat pertumbuhan wilayah di Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis psar tanah di Kota Bogor untuk mengidentifikasi pertumbuhan wilayah Kota Bogor. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data transaksi jual beli tanah yang dilaporkan oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah kepada Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Bogor pada tahun 2017 dan 2018. Data disesuaikan berdasarkan sumber data dan waktu. Kemudian data diolah dalam bentuk tabel, grafik, dan peta untuk menggambarkan pasar tanah yang terbentuk. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang ada yaitu fakta yang diperoleh dari distribusi transaksi jual beli tanah yang digambarkan dalam peta pasar tanah. Analisis pertumbuhan wilayah dilakukan dengan mengacu pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah di Kota Bogor tahun 2017 s.d. 2018. Pasar tanah dapat diidentifikasi dari data transaksi jual beli tanah. Pasar tanah yang digambarkan berdasarkan jumlah transaksi, luas tanah, ada dan tidaknya bangunan, harga tanah saat transaksi, dan Nilai Jual Objek Pajak menunjukkan bahwa transaksi banyak terjadi pada kawasan strategis yang dilewati akses jalan arteri primer dan jalan kolektor. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor eksternal berupa aksesibilitas dan infrastruktur kota memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan arah pertumbuhan wilayah di Kota Bogor. Kata kunci : Kota Bogor, Zona Nilai Tanah, Pasar Tanah, Pertumbuhan Wilayah
ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG DI KAWASAN TERRACE SENTUL CITY KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN 2018
Authors: LUKMAN HIKMAD
Published: July 2022

Bentang alam pada kawasan Terrace Hill Sentul City Kabupaten Bogor ini berada pada level + 280 sd + 307 dpl. merupakan kawasan yang berkontur, direncanakan digunakan sebagai kawasan perumahan dengan model Down Hill dan Up Hill. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pematangan lahan berupa pekerjaan Galian (Cutting) dan Urugan (Fill), sementara karena kondisi lahan berlereng dan macam tanah berupa tanah lanau (silt) berpotensi mengalami kejadian kelongsoran, untuk itu perlu dilakukan pekerjaan perkuatan lereng. Kawasan ini juga berbatasan dengan kawasan perumahan penduduk sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi apakah pekerjaan pematangan lahan tersebut tidak mengganggu kawasan milik penduduk setempat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis ketabilan lereng menggunakan metoda Splicing dan program plaxis diperoleh bahwa pada kawasan terache hill perlu dilakukan rekayasa kestabilan lereng. Penanganan kawasan perumahan ini dapat penggunakan konstruksi tembok penahan tanah dari pasangan batu kali atau siklop beton, penempatan tumpukan karung yang berisi tanah, pemasangan bronjong atau menggunakan cerucuk bamboo, dolken dan tiang-tiang bor pile. Kata Kunci : Down Hill, Up Hill, Metoda Splicing, Program Plaxis, Kestabilan Lereng
The Inhibitory Effect of Regulatory T Cells on the Intimal Hyperplasia of Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels in Diabetic Pigs
Authors: Guo Fengjie , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Dongxu , Wang Linghui , Hou Xiaobin , Chen Wen
Published: July 2022

Severe inflammatory response and functional impairment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) often lead to the implantation failure of EPC-captured tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) in diabetes. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are the most important inhibitory immune cells, but their effects in angiogenesis remain undefined, and the differences in the microenvironment may be an important reason. Here, we constructed a TEBV coated with an anti-CD34 antibody-functionalized heparin-collagen multilayer (anti-CD34 antibody-modified TEBV) using layer-by-layer self-assembly. Then, TEBVs were implanted into diabetic pigs. All TEBVs remained unobstructed 60 days after implantation, although varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia were detectable. Severe intimal hyperplasia was observed in the control group and peripheral injection of Treg cells group. Intravenous injection of Treg cells significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia, inflammation, and cell apoptosis. Moreover, intravenous injection increased the proportion of circulating EPCs, while peripheral injection did not have these effects and reduced microvessel density around the TEBV. Interestingly, many Nestin+ cells could be detected in TEBVs, most of which were fusiform, showing the characteristics of smooth-muscle cells. Treg cell intravenous transplantation markedly reduced the number of Nestin+ cells in the TEBV. In conclusion, Treg cells inhibited the intimal hyperplasia of TEBVs in diabetic pigs by promoting EPC mobilization, anti-inflammatory action, and cellular protection.
Exosomes in osteoarthritis: Updated insights on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Fan Wen-Jin , Liu Di , Pan Lin-Yuan , Wang Wei-Yang , Ding Yi-Lan , Zhang Yue-Yao , Ye Rui-Xi , Zhou Yang , An Sen-Bo , Xiao Wen-Feng
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) has remained a prevalent public health problem worldwide over the past decades. OA is a global challenge because its specific pathogenesis is unclear, and no effective disease-modifying drugs are currently available. Exosomes are small and single-membrane vesicles secreted via the formation of endocytic vesicles and multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are eventually released when MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain various integral surface proteins derived from cells, intercellular proteins, DNAs, RNAs, amino acids, and metabolites. By transferring complex constituents and promoting macrophages to generate chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, exosomes function in pathophysiological processes in OA, including local inflammation, cartilage calcification and degradation of osteoarthritic joints. Exosomes are also detected in synovial fluid and plasma, and their levels continuously change with OA progression. Thus, exosomes, specifically exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs, potentially represent multicomponent diagnostic biomarkers for OA. Exosomes derived from various types of mesenchymal stem cells and other cell or tissue types affect angiogenesis, inflammation, and bone remodeling. These exosomes exhibit promising capabilities to restore OA cartilage, attenuate inflammation, and balance cartilage matrix formation and degradation, thus demonstrating therapeutic potential in OA. In combination with biocompatible and highly adhesive materials, such as hydrogels and cryogels, exosomes may facilitate cartilage tissue engineering therapies for OA. Based on numerous recent studies, we summarized the latent mechanisms and clinical value of exosomes in OA in this review.
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) interact with cell adhesion molecules: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease and normal physiology
Authors: Pfundstein Grant , Nikonenko Alexander G. , Sytnyk Vladimir
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons lead to cognitive impairment and death. Accumulation and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated via amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is considered to play a central role in the disease etiology. APP interacts with cell adhesion molecules, which influence the normal physiological functions of APP, its amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing, and formation of Aβ aggregates. These cell surface glycoproteins also mediate attachment of Aβ to the neuronal cell surface and induce intracellular signaling contributing to Aβ toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the interactions of cell adhesion molecules with APP and Aβ and analyze the evidence of the critical role these proteins play in regulating the processing and physiological function of APP as well as Aβ toxicity. This is a necessary piece of the complex AD puzzle, which we should understand in order to develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions for AD.
Terazosin Analogs Targeting Pgk1 as Neuroprotective Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation
Authors: Wang Yang , Qian Shihu , Zhao Fang , Wang Yujie , Li Jiaming
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have shown promising therapeutic effects in a variety of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, terazosin (TZ), a heterocyclic compound with a quinazoline core, was found to combine with phosphoglycerol kinase 1 (Pgk1) and protect neurons by enhancing Pgk1 activity and promoting glycolysis, thereby slowing, or preventing the neurodegeneration of PD. These findings indicated that terazosin analogs have bright prospects for the development of PD therapeutics. In this study, a series of terazosin analogs were designed and synthesized for neuroprotective effects by targeting Pgk1. Among them, compound 12b was obtained with the best Pgk1 agonistic activity and neuroprotective activity. Further study indicates that it can increase intracellular ATP content and reduce ROS levels by stimulating the activity of Pgk1, thereby playing a role in protecting nerve cells. In conclusion, this study provides a new strategy and reference for the development of neuroprotective drugs.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of iridium oxide and palladium nanoparticles supported on a nitrogen-rich covalent triazine framework as superior electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Rademacher Lars , Beglau Thi Hai Yen , Heinen Tobias , Barthel Juri , Janiak Christoph
Published: July 2022

Iridium oxide (IrOx-NP) and palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NP) were supported on a 2,6-dicyanopyridine-based covalent-triazine framework (DCP-CTF) by energy-saving and sustainable microwave-assisted thermal decomposition reactions in propylene carbonate and in the ionic liquid [BMIm][NTf2]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm well-distributed NPs with sizes from 2 to 13 nm stabilized on the CTF particles. Metal contents between 10 and 41 wt% were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Nitrogen sorption measurements of the metal-loaded CTFs revealed Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas between 904 and 1353 m2 g−1. The composites show superior performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with low overpotentials from 47 to 325 mV and toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high half-wave potentials between 810 and 872 mV. IrOx samples in particular show high performances toward HER while the Pd samples show better performance toward ORR. In both reactions, electrocatalysts can compete with the high performance of Pt/C. Exemplary cyclic voltammetry durability tests with 1000 cycles and subsequent TEM analyses show good long-term stability of the materials. The results demonstrate the promising synergistic effects of NP-decorated CTF materials, resulting in a high electrocatalytic activity and stability.
Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as potential transport inhibitor response 1 antagonists
Authors: Wang Xing , Luo Mu-Jia , Wang Yu-Xuan , Han Wen-Qing , Miu Jian-Xin , Luo Xi-Ping , Zhang Ai-Dong , Kuang Yi
Published: July 2022

Auxins as an important class of phytohormones play essential roles in plant life cycle; therefore, developing compounds with auxin-like properties for plant growth regulation and weed control applications is of great significance. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity evaluation of a series of novel indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as auxin receptor protein TIR1 antagonists. Petri dish herbicidal activity assay demonstrated that most of the as-synthesized target compounds exhibited good-to-excellent inhibition effects (60–97% inhibitory rates) on roots and shoots of both dicotyledonous rape (B. napus) and monocotyledonous barnyard grass (E. crus-galli). The inhibition rates of compounds 10d and 10h reached up to 96% and 95% for the root of rape (B. napus) at 100 mg/L, and they also maintained 92% and 93% inhibition rates even if at 10 mg/L, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that the interactions between these synthesized target compounds and TIR1 protein include tight π–π stacking, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interactions. This work expands the range of auxin chemistry for the development of new auxin mimic herbicides.
Comparison of the ocular surface microbiota between thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Ji Xuan , Dong Kui , Pu Ji , Yang Jing , Zhang Zhaoxia , Ning Xiaoling , Ma Qin , Kang Zhiming , Xu Jianguo , Sun Bin
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a chronic autoimmune disease. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the diversity and composition of the ocular microbiota in patients with TAO.

Methods

Patients with TAO did not receive treatment for the disease and did not have exposed keratitis. Patients with TAO (TAO group) and healthy individuals (control group) were compared. All samples were swabbed at the conjunctival vault of the lower eyelid. The V3 to V4 region of the 16S rDNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 Sequencing Platform. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the differences between the groups and the correlation between ocular surface microbiota and the disease. The ocular surface microbiota of patients and healthy individuals were cultured.

Results

The ocular surface microbiota structure of TAO patients changed significantly. The average relative abundance of Bacillus and Brevundimonas increased significantly in the TAO group. Corynebacterium had a significantly decreased relative abundance (P<0.05). Paracoccus, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with the severity of clinical manifestations or disease activity (P<0.05). Bacillus cereus and other opportunistic pathogens were obtained by culture from TAO patients.

Conclusions

This study found that the composition of ocular microbiota in patients with TAO was significantly different from that in healthy individuals. The ocular surface opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Paracoccus, and Haemophilus in TAO patients, increase the potential risk of ocular surface infection. The findings of this study provide a new avenue of research into the mechanism of ocular surface in TAO patients.
High prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from wild hedgehogs rather than domestic bovine in Jiangsu province, Eastern China
Authors: Qi Yong , Ai Lele , Jiao Jun , Wang Junhu , Wu Deping , Wang Pengcheng , Zhang Guoyu , Qin Yong , Hu Cheng , Lv Ruichen , Lu Nianhong , Zhu Changqiang , Mao Yingqing , Qi Rui , Li Yuexi , Tan Weilong
Published: July 2022

Background

Spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), containing various pathogenic Rickettsia spp., poses remarkable negative influences to public health by causing various severe or mild diseases. Information regarding prevalence of SFGR in ticks in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, is still limited and needs urgent investigations.

Methods

Hedgehog- and bovine-attached ticks were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China. DNA of individual ticks was extracted for nested polymerase chain reaction amplifications targeting gltA, 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes following with sequencing. SFGR-specific IgG antibodies in sera of local donators were evaluated using ELISA.

Results

Overall, 144 (83.2%) of the 173 ticks from hedgehogs and 2 (1.2%) of the 168 ticks from bovine were positive for one of the three identified Rickettsia spp., with significant difference between the two groups (P = 3.6e-52). Candidatus Rickettsia principis (9; 5.2%) and R. heilongjiangensis (135; 78.0%) were detected in Haemaphysalis flava rather than in H. longicornis ticks from hedgehogs. R. heilongjiangensis (1; 0.6%) and Candidatus R. jingxinensis (or Candidatus R. longicornii) (1; 0.6%) were identified in H. longicornis and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from bovine, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Candidatus R. jingxinensis belonged to R. japonica subgroup, whereas Candidatus R. principis belonged to a novel subgroup. Higher serological prevalence of spotted fever and SFGR-specific IgG antibody level in humans were observed around the investigated area than in urban areas, without significant difference.

Conclusion

Candidatus R. principis and Candidatus R. jingxinensis were identified in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and fully genetically characterized for the first time. The higher prevalence of SFGR in hedgehog-attached ticks as well as the higher SFGR-specific IgG antibody level and seropositive rate in humans around the investigated area suggested that more attention should be paid to SFGR. This pathogen is usually transmitted or harbored by wild animals and ticks. This study provides important epidemiological data for both physicians and public health officers in developing early prevention and control strategies against potential Rickettsia infections and in the preparation of suitable testing and treatment needs for rickettsiosis in the endemic areas.
Trajectory of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Shih-Wei , Li Lung-Chih , Fu Chung-Ming , Lee Yueh-Ting , Kuo Hsiao-Ching , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: July 2022

Background

The role of longitudinal temporal trends in LDL-C in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes is unclear. This study categorized the long-term LDL-C trajectory and determined its association with the incidence of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with CKD according to diabetes status and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods

The risk of atherosclerotic CVD was estimated in 137,127 Taiwanese patients with CKD using six LDL-C trajectory classes determined by the latent class mixed model as optimal, near optimal, above optimal, borderline, sustained high, and declined high over 5 years.

Results

The risk of CVD was higher in the sustained high LDL-C [>160 mg/dL over time; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.45–1.94], declined high LDL-C (>160 to <100 mg/dL; aHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11–1.38), and borderline LDL-C (approximately 140 mg/dL over time; aHR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.26) groups than in the optimal LDL-C group (<100 mg/dL over time). There was no such association in patients with an eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Persistent diabetes was associated with a 1.15–2.47-fold increase in CVD in patients with high LDL-C (>120 mg/dL).

Conclusion

The LDL-C trajectory pattern was associated with the phenotype of CVD risk. The degree of risk varied according to eGFR and diabetes status. A stable low LDL-C over time was potentially beneficial for prevention of CVD. Intensive lipid management and periodic assessment of LDL-C is essential to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with CKD and diabetes.
Explainable machine learning models for predicting 30-day readmission in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Duan Minjie , Shu Tingting , Zhao Binyi , Xiang Tianyu , Wang Jinkui , Huang Haodong , Zhang Yang , Xiao Peilin , Zhou Bei , Xie Zulong , Liu Xiaozhu
Published: July 2022

Background

Short-term readmission for pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a substantial social and personal burden. However, tools to predict individualized readmission risk are lacking. This study aimed to develop machine learning models to predict 30-day unplanned readmission in children with PH.

Methods

This study collected data on pediatric inpatients with PH from the Chongqing Medical University Medical Data Platform from January 2012 to January 2019. Key clinical variables were selected by the least absolute shrinkage and the selection operator. Prediction models were selected from 15 machine learning algorithms with excellent performance, which was evaluated by area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC). The outcome of the predictive model was interpreted by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Results

A total of 5,913 pediatric patients with PH were included in the final cohort. The CatBoost model was selected as the predictive model with the greatest AUC for 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.86), high accuracy for 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72–0.76), sensitivity 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69–0.87), and specificity 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72–0.76). Age, length of stay (LOS), congenital heart surgery, and nonmedical order discharge showed the greatest impact on 30-day readmission in pediatric PH, according to SHAP results.

Conclusions

This study developed a CatBoost model to predict the risk of unplanned 30-day readmission in pediatric patients with PH, which showed more significant performance compared with traditional logistic regression. We found that age, LOS, congenital heart surgery, and nonmedical order discharge were important factors for 30-day readmission in pediatric PH.
Modification effect of changes in cardiometabolic traits in association between kidney stones and cardiovascular events
Authors: Xu Min , Zhao Zhiyun , Shen Feixia , Hu Ruying , Lu Jieli , Xu Yu , Wang Tiange , Li Mian , Chen Gang , Chen Li , Chen Lulu , Chen Yuhong , Deng Huacong , Gao Zhengnan , Huo Yanan , Li Qiang , Liu Chao , Luo Zuojie , Mu Yiming , Qin Guijun , Qin Yingfen , Shi Lixin , Su Qing , Wan Qin , Wang Guixia , Wang Shuangyuan , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Xu Yiping , Yan Li , Yang Tao , Ye Zhen , Yu Xuefeng , Zhang Yinfei , Zhao Jiajun , Zeng Tianshu , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Tang Xulei , Ning Guang
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds

Whether longitudinal changes in metabolic status influence the effect of kidney stones on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclarified. We investigated the modification effect of status changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the association of kidney stones with risk of incident CVD events.

Methods

We performed a prospective association and interaction study in a nationwide cohort including 129,172 participants aged ≥ 40 years without CVDs at baseline and followed up for an average of 3.8 years. Kidney stones information was collected by using a questionnaire and validated by medical records. The repeated biochemical measurements were performed to ascertain the metabolic status at both baseline and follow-up.

Results

4,017 incident total CVDs, 1,413 coronary heart diseases (CHDs) and 2,682 strokes were documented and ascertained during follow-up. Kidney stones presence was significantly associated with 44%, 70% and 31% higher risk of CVDs, CHDs and stroke, respectively. The stratified analysis showed significant associations were found in the incident and sustained MetS patients, while no significant associations were found in the non-MetS at both baseline and follow-up subjects or the MetS remission ones, especially in women. For the change status of each single component of the MetS, though the trends were not always the same, the associations with CVD were consistently significant in those with sustained metabolic disorders, except for the sustained high blood glucose group, while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups; while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups.

Conclusions

A history of kidney stones in women with newly developed MetS or long-standing MetS associated with increased risk of CVD. The mechanisms link kidney stones and CVD risk in the metabolic and non-metabolic pathways were warranted for further studies.
Mechanism of histone deacetylases in cardiac hypertrophy and its therapeutic inhibitors
Authors: Han Yu , Nie Jiali , Wang Dao Wen , Ni Li
Published: July 2022

Cardiac hypertrophy is a key process in cardiac remodeling development, leading to ventricle enlargement and heart failure. Recently, studies show the complicated relation between cardiac hypertrophy and epigenetic modification. Post-translational modification of histone is an essential part of epigenetic modification, which is relevant to multiple cardiac diseases, especially in cardiac hypertrophy. There is a group of enzymes related in the balance of histone acetylation/deacetylation, which is defined as histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In this review, we introduce an important enzyme family HDAC, a key regulator in histone deacetylation. In cardiac hypertrophy HDAC I downregulates the anti-hypertrophy gene expression, including Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and inositol-5 phosphatase f (Inpp5f), and promote the development of cardiac hypertrophy. On the contrary, HDAC II binds to myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), inhibit the assemble ability to HAT and protect against cardiac hypertrophy. Under adverse stimuli such as pressure overload and calcineurin stimulation, the HDAC II transfer to cytoplasm, and MEF2 can bind to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) or GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), mediating inappropriate gene expression. HDAC III, also known as SIRTs, can interact not only to transcription factors, but also exist interaction mechanisms to other HDACs, such as HDAC IIa. We also present the latest progress of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), as a potential treatment target in cardiac hypertrophy.
Late Quaternary changes in moisture availability and weathering intensity on the central Tibetan Plateau indicated by chemical signatures of ostracod shells
Authors: Börner Nicole , Jochum Klaus Peter , Stuhr Marleen , Abstein Michelle , Plessen Birgit , Frenzel Peter , Wang Junbo , Zhu Liping , Schwalb Antje
Published: July 2022

High-resolution multi-proxy records from two lakes on the southern Tibetan Plateau, Nam Co and Tangra Yumco, are used to infer long-term variations in the Asian monsoon system with a novel set of ostracod shell chemistry proxies. We track the moisture evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum using the trace element, rare earth element (REE) and stable isotope composition of ostracod shells. The sediment records covering the past 18.8 cal. ka BP and 17.4 cal. ka BP, respectively, demonstrate the suitability of REEs as indicators of weathering intensity and thus hydrological changes and moisture sources in the catchment. In Nam Co, high concentrations of light REEs between 14 and 13 cal. ka BP suggest an increased drainage from the glaciated Nyainqêngtanglha Mountains in the south, pointing to meltwater input. REEs in ostracod shells therefore provide additional information on water sources critical for the interpretation of stable isotope records. Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios reflect salinity and thus changes in effective moisture. Asynchronous behavior of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios are controlled by changes in dominance of precipitating carbonate minerals in the lake. Synchronous behavior reflects calcite precipitation, indicating low-Mg/Ca warm-wet conditions. Constantly low Sr/Ca ratios reflect aragonite precipitation, indicating high-Mg dry conditions. Increased Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca relative to Mg/Ca ratios show monohydrocalcite precipitation, indicating high-Mg/Ca cold-dry conditions. Furthermore, Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca ratios in ostracods reflect changes in oxygen saturation in lake bottom waters controlled by lake level and microbial activity. The paleoclimate histories reconstructed from Nam Co and Tangra Yumco show high similarity throughout the late Quaternary. We identified two major dry periods, corresponding to Heinrich 1 and the Younger Dryas, followed by strengthening in Indian summer monsoon precipitation. The early Holocene is characterized by a moisture maximum, reflecting abundant water supply by a strong ISM. A time-delayed shift to dry conditions occurred at 2.6 cal. ka BP at Tangra Yumco, and at 2 cal. ka BP at Nam Co, resulting in decreasing lake levels, caused by weakened monsoon intensity due to a southeastward migration of the ISM-Westerly boundary with an estimated velocity of approximately 600 m per year.
Numerical simulation of creep fracture evolution in fractured rock masses
Authors: Na Zhao , Lixin Meng , Laigui Wang , Yibin Zhang
Published: July 2022

The initiation, expansion, and penetration of microscopic cracks in rock is the macroscopic manifestation of creep. This paper investigates mechanical creep characteristics and fracture evolution processes in rock masses with different fracture angles, lengths, and rock bridge dip angles. Single fractures, dual parallel fractures, and fracture groups are considered. The approach comprises discrete element simulation based on continuum mechanics, utilizing the continuous and discontinuous software, GDEM. Single-fracture rock masses are characterized by a progressive fracture development mode dominated by tensile shear failure. The rate of creep and fracture magnitude both increase according to fracture length. With increasing fracture inclination angle, creep rate and fracture magnitude increase and decrease. The creep rate and degree of rupture are highest for fractures inclined at 30°. The dual-fracture rock mass exhibits both tensile crack failure and compressional shear failure. Creep rates are highest, and rupture effects are most apparent at rock bridge inclination angles of 90°. If the rock bridge is too long or too short, the stable creep stage is prolonged, but the creep acceleration stage intensifies due to interaction between fracture-bounded rock masses. The failure mode, in this case, involves collective failure by tension fractures and compressional shear. Creep rate and fracture magnitude increase with the number of fractures, which accelerates rock mass deformation to a certain extent. However, when the number of fractures reaches a certain threshold, a relatively stable structure may become established, slowing down the creep rate, especially during the creep acceleration stage. This study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for investigating the creep rupture law of rock mass engineering and the prevention and control of fractured rock mass geological disasters.
Understanding the Eastward Shift and Intensification of the ENSO Teleconnection Over South Pacific and Antarctica Under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Wang Ya , Huang Gang , Hu Kaiming , Tao Weichen , Gong Hainan , Yang Kai , Tang Haosu
Published: July 2022

The Pacific–South America (PSA) teleconnection pattern triggered by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is suggested to be moving eastward and intensifying under global warming. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Previous studies have proposed that the movement of the PSA teleconnection pattern is attributable to the eastward shift of the tropical Pacific ENSO-driven rainfall anomalies in response to the projected El Niño-like sea surface temperature (SST) warming pattern. In this study, we found that with uniform warming, models will also simulate an eastward movement of the PSA teleconnection pattern, without the impact of the uneven SST warming pattern. Further investigation reveals that future changes in the climatology of the atmospheric circulation, particularly the movement of the exit region of the subtropical jet stream, can also contribute to the eastward shift of the PSA teleconnection pattern by modifying the conversion of mean kinetic energy to eddy kinetic energy.
Northward expansion of the westerlies over glacial southeastern Australia: evidence from semi-arid lunette dunes, temperate basalt plains, and wind modelling
Authors: Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Gromov Sergey S.
Published: July 2022

It has long been hypothesized that the last glacial maximum (LGM) oversaw cold, arid, windy climates across southern Australia, and that these were driven by intensification and northward expansion of mid-latitude westerly circulation. Moreover, it was recently suggested that Australia experienced an extended LGM which began several millennia before the global peak. Aeolian sedimentary deposits provide key evidence for these hypotheses, and climate modelling an alternative means to test them. As yet, however, combined approaches to reconstructing glacial environments on the continent are scarce. Here we provide new evidence for westerly wind regimes across glacial southeastern Australia. We confirm active transverse lunette deposition at c. 29 ka and c. 23–19 ka in the semi-arid Willandra Lakes, and identify aeolian sand incursions to Spring Creek on the temperate Western Victorian Volcanic Plains from c. 29 ka. The Spring Creek deposits contain a surprising quantity of sand-sized quartz given the basalt setting, which we propose to be allochthonous and likely transported some distance. The site lies more than 50 km east and south of dunefields which were active at the same time and may have contributed sediment via long distance transport. We investigate the hypothesis for northward glacial expansion of westerly winds by combining our sediment records with aeolian particle transport simulations. We find that LGM near-surface winds were dominated by stronger, more focussed westerly air flow across southeastern Australia, compared with presently more diffuse wind regimes. Our results suggest stronger potential for LGM eastward distal sand transport onto the basalt plains, coeval with enhanced aeolian activity in the semi-arid Australian dunefields. Our combined reconstruction of aeolian deposition and trajectory modelling confirms the extended LGM hypothesis and indicates a northward migration of westerly winds over southeastern Australia during this period.
Buried depth calculation of the slope of the unstable rock based on natural vibration frequency
Authors: Jia Yanchang , Song Guihao , Jiang Tong , Yu Guo , Liu Handong , Pan Xuwei
Published: July 2022

The instability of the slope of the unstable rock poses a great threat to the safety of engineering and people’s lives and properties. The buried depth of an unstable rock is a key factor affecting its stability. It is difficult to directly measure the buried depth of the unstable rock. Therefore, it is of vital importance to indirectly and quickly identify the buried depth of the unstable rock. Assuming that the foundation soil is homogeneous and isotropic, the damping ratio is less than 1; it can be found that the deformation is linear elastic deformation within the amplitude range, and the unstable rock vibration model is simplified to a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration model. Through theoretical derivation, the quantitative relationship between the rock mass, foundation reaction force coefficient, rock burial depth, and the natural vibration frequency in the horizontal direction is established. The quantitative relationship was verified to be correct by laboratory tests. From the tests, the relationship is verified and shows that with the increasing buried depth of the unstable rock, its natural vibration frequency increases nonlinearly in the horizontal direction and also acts in a weakening growing trend; the mass of the unstable rock is a monotonically decreasing function of the natural vibration frequency, and it decreases by a one-half square with the increasing mass of the unstable rock. The research results can calculate the buried depth by measuring the vibration frequency of the unstable rock, which provides a new idea and theoretical basis for the stability evaluation of the slope of the unstable rock and the rapid identification and monitoring of the unstable rock.
Deformation and Failure Mechanism of the Lower Roadway in a Close-Range Residual Coal Pillar Area
Authors: Wang Xiao-He , Zhao Zhi-Qiang , Wu Zheng , Zhang Hao-Hao , Wang Jun , Sui Yi , Ren Zhi-Cheng
Published: July 2022

The Tashan coal mine is selected as a case study to determine the deformation and damage mechanisms of the lower roadway in a close-range residual coal pillar area. Roof drilling peephole technology is applied to detect the damage to the roadway roof surrounding rock. A boundary invisibility equation is derived for the plastic zone of a circular hole based on the theory of a butterfly plastic zone in a non-uniform stress field in which the principal stress occurs at an arbitrary angle to the vertical. Maple mathematical drawing software is combined with FLAC3D numerical simulations to investigate the influence of the principal stress ratio and direction on the roadway plastic zone. The results indicate that the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock assumes a butterfly shape when the bidirectional stress ratio is large, and the direction of the butterfly-shaped failure of the roadway is related to the principal stress direction. Field test images are combined to show that the asymmetric damage pattern of the lower roadway in a close-range residual coal pillar area is influenced by the presence of the roadway in a non-uniform stress field in which the main stress direction is deflected.
Heavy precipitation events in northwestern China induced by northeastward plateau vortex: Two cases comparison
Authors: Huang Yujing , Ma Xulin , Ma Yue , Qing Yiyu
Published: July 2022

The plateau vortex is one of the dominant weather systems that modulate summer rainfall in northwestern China, a typical arid/semi-arid area worldwide. Two heavy rainfall cases in the summer of 2012 and 2013, accompanying the northeastward movement of plateau vortexes, are selected here. The role of plateau vortexes in these two cases is explored by diagnosing their moist potential vorticity, helicity, and convective clouds characteristics, using numerous data (ERA-Interim reanalysis, multi-sourced precipitation data, FY-2E satellite images). The plateau vortexes enhanced convective instability in the rainfall area by entraining upper-level dry and cold air, manifested as salient vertical gradients of moist potential vorticity and steep pseudo-equivalent potential temperature isolines. The rainfall occurred eastward relative to the vortex movement track and intensified on the left of cloud black body temperature (TBB) with larger gradients at the middle to late stages of the vortex life span. The generation of moisture helicity is dictated by the water vapor transportation, with the negative value concentrated in the water vapor-rich areas. Notably, the two cases differ in tracks, life spans, water vapor sources, and precipitation amounts, which may be attributed to large-scale circulation background, vertical vortex structure, and moisture condition.
Playback-centric visualizations of video usage using weighted interactions to guide where to watch in an educational context
Authors: Lee Hyowon , Liu Mingming , Scriney Michael , Smeaton Alan F.
Published: July 2022

The steady increase in use of online educational tools and services has led to a large amount of educational video materials made available for students to watch. Finding the right video content is usually supported by the overarching learning management system and its user interface that organizes various video items by course, categories and weeks, and makes them searchable. However, once a wanted video is found, students are often left without further guidance as to what parts in that video they should focus on. In this article, an additional timeline visualization to augment the conventional playback timeline is introduced which employs a novel playback weighting strategy in which the history of different video interactions generate scores based on the context of each playback. This includes whether the playback started after jumping forward or backward in the video, whether the playback was at a faster or slower speed, and whether the playback window was in focus on the student's screen or was in the background. The resultant scores are presented on the additional timeline, making it in effect a playback-centric usage graph nuanced by how each playback was executed. Students are informed by this visualization on the playback by their peers and can selectively watch those portions which the contour of the usage visualization suggests. The visualization was implemented as a fully-fledged web application and deployed in an undergraduate course at a university for two full semesters. A total of 270 students used the system throughout both semesters watching 52 videos, guided by visualizations on what to watch. Analysis of playback logs revealed that students selectively watched portions in videos corresponding to the most important portions of the videos as assessed by the instructor who created the videos. The characteristics of this method as a way of guiding students as to where to watch as well as a complementary tool for playback analysis, are discussed. Further insights into the potential values of this visualization and its underlying playback weighting strategy are also discussed.