bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Social Enterprises Contribute to Alternative Food Systems
Authors: Costantini Anastasia , Pastorelli Gianluca , Sebillo Alessia
Published: February 2022

The dominant trend is an increasing separation between the land and the food products, as well as the extension of the food chain: the increasing distance between places of production and places of consumption breaks the links with nature and culture. Social economy enterprises are able to develop innovative solutions that increase productivity while delivering better services in social, health, and education services. Their contribution to economic development and well-being has been confirmed by the recent economic crisis, which has highlighted the resilience of social economy and social enterprises as well as their capacity to generate new employment and preserve existing jobs. What does it mean for a social economy enterprise to take food into account? The paper contributes to this branch of studies with the aim of understanding how social enterprises are able to generate alternative food systems to promote food sovereignty and sustainability. Firstly, a review of the relevant literature is presented, with the aim of showing an overview of the relationship between social economy enterprises and sustainable development with a specific focus on sustainable food. Following this, after a description of the methodology employed, the experiences of a number of social enterprises of food sector among Europe that have implemented innovative projects involving sustainability and counteracting the desertification of rural areas, women’s employment, migrant integration, decent job conditions and work integration. This leads to a discussion of the results, the interpretation of the new roles of social enterprises, and the identification of the main implications. The main thing that links all these cases is five key elements, which are present in all the experiences we analysed: inclusion, equity, respect, responsibility and opportunity. These elements can be seen as keywords and important aspects for a transition towards more sustainable food systems through social economy enterprises.
Vers un nouveau paradigme ancré dans les pratiques d'économie solidaire
Authors: Dacheux Éric , Goujon Daniel
Published: February 2022

L'Agenda 2030 pour le développement durable reconnaît que le modèle de recherche de croissance infinie sur une planète finie n'est plus tenable. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux universitaires étudient de nouvelles voies de recherche. Nous nous situons dans cette perspective alternative comme en témoigne notre dernier livre, consacré à la théorisation de l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) publié en 2017 sous le titre Principes d'Économie Solidaire. La conclusion de notre livre était qu'un changement radical de la représentation actuelle de l'économie est une condition nécessaire pour sortir de l'impasse conceptuelle actuelle. Notre approche de l'économie – pour laquelle nous avons inventé le nouveau terme de délibéralisme – est radicalement différente de la présentation libérale orthodoxe. Elle découle de ce que nous considérons comme un principe de base : la meilleure façon d'allouer les ressources dans une société démocratique ne repose pas sur la " main invisible " censée gouverner les marchés, mais plutôt sur un consensus délibératif atteint par toutes les parties concernées. Cette conclusion résulte de l'étude des expériences du secteur de l'ESS.
Creación de un nuevo bien común para las cooperativas agrícolas
Authors: Giagnocavo Cynthia , Hernández Cáceres Daniel
Published: February 2022

La utilización de Big Data y de las TICs a gran escala en la agricultura es considerada como una solución para hacer frente al cambio climático, la degradación del medio ambiente, las limitaciones del suelo y del agua, la necesidad de optimizar los recursos, reducir los costes y aumentar la trazabilidad y la seguridad alimentaria, entre otros argumentos convincentes. Sin embargo, también ha dado lugar a desequilibrios de poder, barreras a la inversión, un acceso reducido al conocimiento y una menor capacidad de los agricultores y las PYMES para controlar sus actividades relacionadas con la agricultura y beneficiarse de ellas. En este documento se examinan las cuestiones jurídicas, de gobernanza, institucionales y económicas que pueden surgir en el desarrollo de una cooperativa de datos u otras estructuras equitativas de intercambio de datos, teniendo en cuenta las fuentes de datos públicas y privadas, y las múltiples partes interesadas. Se presenta una muestra de ejemplos exitosos de intercambio de datos, incluyendo cooperativas, y un caso de prueba para las cooperativas de Almería, España. Esta investigación se inscribe en el contexto del proyecto EU H2020 Internet of Food and Farm (IoF2020) y el desarrollo de modelos de negocio innovadores para compartir datos. En lugar de recurrir a los acuerdos clásicos de contratación para compartir datos, como los propuestos por el Copa-Cogeca entre otros, se propone que se utilice un enfoque de “data commons”, de acuerdo con la teoría de los Sistemas Socio-Ecológicos de Elinor Ostrom, para conseguir una solución cooperativa a este complejo desafío. Al elegir un enfoque cooperativo, los beneficios para los agricultores pueden ir más allá de la “monetización” de los datos y contribuir a salvaguardar el medioambiente.
Best practices in public policies regarding the European Social Economy post the economic crisis
Authors: Chaves Ávila Rafael , Monzón Campos José Luis
Published: February 2022

Since the end of last decade, several institutions of the European Union have called for public policies to boost the social economy at the European, national and regional levels. In this context and also in the context of the last crisis, a new generation of public policies for the social economy have emerged during this decade. The present research outlines a diversified selection of successful practices in public policies regarding the Social Economy across different European countries.
La Red Eusumo
Authors: Bastida María , Olveira Ana
Published: February 2022

The number of organizations under the scope of Social Economy (SE) in Galicia (i.e., a Spanish autonomous community) has noticeably increased since 2005, particularly if we focus on cooperatives. This evolution has maintained even in the worst years of the economic crisis, differing from the behaviour that had other corporative models in the same period and region. The Eusumo Network seems have been critical for this development. This network is a public policy aimed to promote both cooperatives and SE. In its design, Eusumo’s main objective was to provide aid to set up new cooperative projects as a beneficial driver for employment; and also, to contribute to the consolidation of the existent companies in SE by improving their competitiveness. In this work it is argued that the Eusumo Network could be leading to raising a favourable ecosystem for Galician cooperatives, as well as other organizations in the SE sector, and that this effect could be munificent to the achievement of the Global Goals for Sustainable Development (SDG), especially those regarding quantitative and qualitative improvement of the employment (objectives number 8 and 9). To start with this argument, we provide a description of the relationship between SE and the SDG. Then, we continue to explain the Eusumo Network, by deeply explaining the model (namely, its aims and both managerial and financial processes). We also explore Eusumo’s role as a driver for the creation of organizations and provide a 360º assessment from stakeholders. Finally, we contribute some best practices to favour the dissemination of this tool among other contexts. The results of our work suggest that Eusumo has played a critical role in Galician’s micro-entrepreneurship. Taking into account the contextual reality of this autonomous community (high dispersion of population, hard aging, wide zones with depopulation, strong people’s concentration in urban zones, abandonment of the rural, for example-), our findings suggest a desirable improvement of the project. We are mindful that this tool can be beneficial on returning this trend. Besides, our results also shed light on an example of public policy that might contribute to the improvement of a favourable ecosystem to SE and, in turn, to the achievement of the SDGs in Galicia.
L’Economie solidaire en Turquie et son écosystème
Authors: Pelek Selin , Gajac Olivier
Published: February 2022

Conscient des enjeux environnementaux du développement durable, l’État Algérien a adopté, depuis le début des années 2000, plusieurs stratégies visant la préservation de l’environnement, notamment en matière de gestion des déchets solides. Ces derniers sont en effet, un des principaux enjeux environnementaux auxquels doivent faire face au quotidien les collectivités locales. Leur gestion s’inscrit dans le cadre du Plan National d’Actions Environnementales et du Développement Durable (PNAE-DD) à travers l’adoption, en 2002, du Programme National de Gestion Intégrée des Déchets Ménagers et Assimilés (PROGDEM). Les déchets ménagers et assimilés (DMA) sont en constante augmentation aussi bien en termes absolus que par habitant. En 2018, la production des DMA a atteint environ 13 millions de tonnes. Ils représentent la fraction la plus importante des déchets produits, toutes catégories confondues (inertes, industriels, …). Il est du ressort des collectivités locales de s’assurer que leur collecte est totale sur l’ensemble de leur territoire. Il leur revient également de trouver en parallèle, des modes de traitement les plus appropriés : enfouissement, valorisation, recyclage, etc. Selon une étude réalisée par la Banque mondiale dans le cadre du Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP), une bonne gestion des déchets ménagers est estimée à 4 000 DZD/tonne (MATE, 2004). Cette évaluation est extrêmement élevée au regard du pouvoir d’achat des ménages. La taxe d’enlèvement d’ordures ménagères (TEOM) par ménage, fixée par la loi de finance 2015, se situe entre 1 000 et 1 500 DZD/an. Cependant, les ménages ne participent, au travers de cette taxe, que de manière très faible au coût réel, dans la mesure où le montant réellement collecté de la TEOM ne s’élève qu’à 15 % de ce qui devrait être perçu (MEER, 2018c). Il y a donc nécessité, d’adopter une véritable politique de recouvrement des coûts pour garantir une gestion durable des déchets ménagers et assimilés (DMA). Dans cette contribution, il s’agit de mettre en exergue, la situation de la gestion des déchets ménagers en Algérie et les modes de financement du service à travers, une analyse du contexte socio-économique ainsi que des recettes communales et des coûts de gestion des DMA
Agricultural production cooperatives and agricultural development
Authors: Wolz Axel , Zhang Shemei , Ding Ya
Published: February 2022

Agricultural production cooperatives used to be the “stepchild” of the cooperative movement. Although they stem from a similar long tradition of agricultural service cooperatives, researchers such as Oppenheimer (1896) and Schiller (1969) observed early on that they were not attractive for farmers in villages characterised by family agriculture. In general, it was argued that they were not competitive at all with family farms, but also not corporate farms, thus having no role in agricultural development. Historically, agricultural production cooperatives were formed under specific conditions only. Most prominent were collective farms under the socialist regimes, which were often labelled “agricultural production cooperatives”, although these were by no means of a voluntary nature. However, in recent years, agricultural production cooperatives have been observed in villages characterised by family agriculture. In Chongzhou County (Sichuan Province, China) they cover more than half of the total utilized agricultural area. This research analyses the conditions under which farmers voluntarily join such production cooperatives and how they assess their membership in them. We suggest that agricultural production cooperatives have a role to play in agricultural development after all.
Long Way to Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Authors: Paul Elisabeth , Fecher Fabienne , Deville Céline , Ndiaye Youssoupha , Sall Farba Lamine , Sambiéni N’koué Emmanuel , Meloni Remo , Porignon Denis
Published: February 2022

The numerous stakeholders involved in the development of universal health coverage (UHC) policies are likely to have diverging interests about which dimensions to prioritize, hence the importance of ensuring an effective and transparent policy dialogue. This paper aims to investigate whether or not UHC policy dialogue processes are functioning well in Benin and Senegal. Based on a literature review, we have identified a number of characteristics guaranteeing the quality of policy dialogue processes, which we have integrated into an analytical grid. The quality criteria identified were classified along four dimensions: stakeholder participation, dialogue/negotiation process, quality of situation analysis and decision criteria, and results from the negotiation process. Based on data collected through documentary review, interviews, an electronic survey and the authors’ own experience, we applied that analytical grid to the cases of Benin and Senegal. In both countries, the policy dialogue processes are largely imperfect in terms of many of the quality criteria identified. Decisions were made under strong political leadership, ensuring government coordination and ownership, and strong emphasis has been put on expanding financial risk protection. Yet, both countries perform poorly in a number of dimensions, especially with regards to conflicts of interest, transparency and accountability. None of them has really institutionalized a UHC policy dialogue process, and the UHC policymaking processes have actually bypassed existing health sector coordination mechanisms. The two countries perform well regarding the quality of situation analysis. A small (in the case of Benin) or broader (in the case of Senegal) governmental coalition managed to impose its views, given insufficient stakeholder participation. Policy networks were particularly influential in Senegal. Overall, there are important gaps that reduce the quality of UHC policy dialogue processes, hence explaining the weaknesses in their results in terms of transparency and accountability. Our analytical framework enables usto identify rooms for improvement with regard to country-led negotiation processes relating to UHC.
In the Quest for Semi-Industrialized Economy
Authors: Anania Paulo , Nade Paschal
Published: February 2022

Promoting industrial sector has been among key development strategies in most of developing countries including Tanzania. Industrialization has been insisted in Tanzania by all regimes since independence. In the quest to promote industrial economy, for decades, co-operatives have been involved directly and indirectly in the process. Government recognizes co-operatives as key development partners in the current move toward a middle income and semi-industrialized status. This calls for sorting out clearly on how co-operatives can engage in the industrialization process. This paper aims to share experience on practical and theoretical strategies on how best co-operatives can engage directly and indirectly in the industrialization process in Tanzania. The authors adapted a qualitative approach by making a critical literature review to understand key issues and to guide discussions made in this paper. Content analysis was used to analyze collected qualitative data from reviewed works. Secondary data were also collected from various studies, including Government’s reports to cement discussions made. Consultations through phone calls were also made where various stakeholders were contacted for purpose of verifying existing data and getting other data in relation to co-operative industrial investments in various places. The discussion focused on various strategies that co-operatives can directly and indirectly engage in the industrialization process. The paper also describes the mechanisms that may be used to finance the industrialization process through co-operative and possible constraints to such investments. The paper concludes that there are direct and indirect options that co-operatives may apply to enter into industrialization process and in financing the process. This is based on the assumption that co-operatives will adhere to aspects of technological improvement, managerial competence, innovation and quality control in their operations
La gouvernance des entreprises publiques en situation de monopole
Authors: Bauby Pierre
Published: February 2022

Cette publication vise à traiter des enjeux spécifiques concernant la gouvernance des entreprises publiques opérant dans des situations de monopole, en particulier les liens entre régulation, évaluation, contrôle et modernisation de ces entreprises. L'étude de la littérature révèle de nombreuses études sur ces sujets, mais très peu consacrées aux entreprises publiques. Le document traite en particulier des asymétries d'information et d'expertise entre les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises publiques ; le rôle stratégique de l'État dans le contexte de l'Union européenne, les droits et devoirs des autorités publiques ; comment minimiser les asymétries d'information entre les situations de monopole et les pouvoirs publics ; quel type d'organismes de régulation peut être mis en place ; comment mettre en œuvre l'évaluation à la fois de la régulation et de l'efficacité économique et sociale de chaque entreprise publique ; pourquoi et comment impliquer la participation des parties prenantes.
Social Inclusion
Authors: Castañeda Francisco , Brown Ed , Cloke Jonathan , Gil Francisco Javier , González Máximo , Cisternas Carla
Published: February 2022

The Higher Education (HE) systems of Chile and the UK are compared in terms of the ‘massification’ (Altbach, 1989) and the relevance and adequacy of the private-public provision mix. Dissimilar, each country has tried to build social inclusion into HE outreach at the same time as allowing participation of the private sector. Also included in the research are a) the role of social capital as a positive contribution for the social and economic development; b) the current state of social inequality in access to HE; and c) an in-depth analysis of the implications of both state and private roles over social inclusion in HE. Outreach programmes from each country, the Propedeutico in Chile and Aimhigher in the UK, are also analysed for lessons learned.
Understanding the heterogeneity among agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Bijman Jos , Hanisch Markus
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the importance of acknowledging and understanding the heterogeneity among cooperatives. Many studies on agricultural cooperatives, particularly on the impact of membership, do not account for the large differences in organisational and functional characteristics across cooperatives. We identify and discuss five core differences that have implications for theoretical and empirical research. We propose a classification that can be used by scholars in their research on understanding the evolution, performance and impact of producer cooperatives, and that can be used by policy makers in better targeting their support policies.
Une économie politique des mesures d’impact social
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: February 2022

L’évaluation de l’impact social s’impose de plus en plus comme un repère cognitif majeur et comme mécanisme de coordination. De nombreuses recherches empiriques permettent d’interpréter l’émergence de « l’impact social » comme un substitut aux instruments de productivité et de performance. Cet article vise à enchâsser cette observation dans une perspective temporelle plus longue. Il suggère que l’évaluation a toujours existé, mais que ses modalités ont été profondément modifiées et sont devenues de plus en plus soumises à l’hétéronomie, à la quantification, à la normalisation et à la mondialisation. Les services publics et plus généralement l’État-providence n’y échappent plus, pas plus que l’économie sociale. Les demandes de mesures d’impact social apparaissent comme la manifestation la plus aboutie d’un truchement de mutations : mutation des systèmes productifs et montée en puissance des activités de service et augmentation et mutation (en volume, nature et fins) de l’évaluation des politiques publiques. Outre que les instruments d’évaluation incorporent des discours, des représentations, et des valeurs de ce que signifie être « efficace », les acteurs qui les promeuvent et dont la fonction est de conduire les évaluations, s’accordent désormais le droit de déterminer les objectifs de politiques publiques.
Social Incubators and Social Innovation in Cities
Authors: Tortia Ermanno , Marcuello Carmen , Díaz-Foncea Millán , Pieri Niccolò
Published: February 2022

How do social incubators contribute to social innovation in cities? We wanted to understand what their role in the city and the neighborhoods is, how they position themselves in the process of providing answers to the local needs in the specific place they are located. The answers to these questions are built upon the identification of the processes, the organizations and the services provided by the social incubators. The relationships built and developed between social incubators and the social enterprises are identified to understand the role of these new typologies of organizations in urban neighborhoods. The analysis is performed by applying case study methodology involving four different social incubators in two cities: Brussels and Milan.
A Global but not Spontaneous Firm
Authors: Bernardia Andrea , Berranger Cécile , Mannella Anita , Monni Salvatore , Realini Alessio
Published: February 2022

Cooperatives are increasingly being recognized as important contributors to inclusive, sustainable and fair development. However, the cooperative movement faces a multitude of challenges, including lack of access to credit. The Italian cooperative sector features an important financing tool: the solidarity funds (Fondi Mutualistici in Italian). In 1992, Law 59 established these financial institutions that are owned by the cooperative associations. By law, all co-operatives have to transfer to the mutual funds (or to the Government if they do not belong to any co-operative association) 3% of their profits. In the past 25 years, the solidarity funds have been allocating large resources creating a financial virtuous cycle that could be inspiring for other nations. The solidarity funds promote innovative and inclusive cooperative practices as well as training and university education. Examples of similar initiatives can be found in other countries, mostly where the cooperation culture is more established. In this paper we look at Canada, France and the United Kingdom to further explore the nature and relevance of mutualistic finance.
Patents for Covid-19 vaccines are based on public research
Authors: Florio Massimo
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to reconsider the relationship between public and private research and development. The policy issue is whether, over the next 20 years, governments’ only negotiating position on biomedical technologies will be to sign one purchase contract after another and transfer value from tax payers to investors in pharmaceutical companies. Knowledge and technologies that are crucial to Covid-19 vaccine development and production were created with the contribution of governments. Patents filed by pharma companies do not protect the public interest arising from such earlier research. The paper offers a case study on the privatization of knowledge created in the first place by research and development in the public sector or supported by public funds and eventually being appropriated by pharmaceutical corporations.
ChemPlot, a Python library for chemical space visualization
Authors: Sorkun Murat Cihan , Mullaj Dajt , Koelman J. M. Vianney A. , Er Süleyman
Published: February 2022

Visualizing chemical spaces streamlines the analysis of molecular datasets by reducing the information to human perception level, hence it forms an integral piece of molecular engineering, including chemical library design, high-throughput screening, diversity analysis, and outlier detection. We present here ChemPlot, which enables users to visualize the chemical space of molecular datasets in both static and interactive ways. ChemPlot features structural and tailored similarity methods, together with three different dimensionality reduction methods: PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP. ChemPlot is the first visualization software that tackles the activity/property cliff problem by incorporating tailored similarity. With tailored similarity, the chemical space is constructed in a supervised manner considering target properties. Additionally, we propose a metric, the Distance Property Relationship score, to quantify the property difference of similar (i.e. close) molecules in the visualized chemical space. ChemPlot can be installed via Conda or PyPI (pip) and a web application is freely accessible at https://www.amdlab.nl/chemplot/.
PROTAC technology as a Novel tool to identify the target of lathyrane diterpenoids
Authors: Wu Yanli , Yang Yueying , Wang Wang , Sun Dejuan , Zheng Mengzhu , Zhou Yirong , Liang Jing , Zhu Man , Li Hua , Chen Lixia
Published: February 2022

Active natural products are an important source of drug discovery due to their unique biocompatibility, novel-structural framework and extensive pharmacological activities. The target identification of natural products is the key to thoroughly understanding their mechanism of action and guiding their subsequent structure optimization. Lathyrane diterpenoids isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris in our laboratory have been proved to possess good anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages, but their precise target and mechanism of action remain unclear. Herein, we employed PROTAC technology combined with quantitative proteomic analysis to identify the potential targets of lathyrane diterpenoids in macrophages. ZCY-PROTAC, synthesized based on Lathyrol, the core scaffold structure of the most active natural compound (2S,3S,4S,5R,9S,11R,15R)-15-acetoxy-3- cinnamoyloxy-5-hydroxy-14-oxolathyra-6(17),12E-diene, ZCY-001), intensively degraded a target protein MAFF in mouse and human cells. MST, CETSA and DARTS assays confirmed the direct binding of MAFF with Lathyrol or ZCY020, a natural product sharing the same core scaffold structure. Further mechanism studies showed that ZCY020 was capable of inhibiting the formation of a MAFF homodimer, promoting MAFF-Nrf2 heterodimerization, and thus regulating the transcription and expression of downstream protein HO-1, thereby exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and promoting protective mitophagy in LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and acute lung injury in mice. Together, our research indicates that MAFF is a potential target of ZCY020 and other lathyrane diterpenoids, and that PROTAC technology can be an innovative approach and a useful supplement for target identification of natural products.
Enantioselective fullerene functionalization via stereochemical information transfer from a self-assembled cage
Authors: Lu Zifei , Ronson Tanya , Heard Andrew , Feldmann Sascha , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Martinez Alexandre , Nitschke Jonathan
Published: February 2022

Metal-organic cages have served as masks to effect the regioselective functionalization of C60. The enantioselective functionalization of C60 remains challenging, however, requiring complex chiral tethers or challenging chromatography. We report a means of defining up to six stereocentres on C60, achieving both enantioselective and regioselective fullerene functionalisation. This method involves stereochemical information transfer from a chiral formylpyridine, through the framework of an enantiopure cage incorporating it, to a series of regio- and stereochemically defined C60 adducts. The surrounding cage is then opened with retention of fullerene stereochemistry. The chiral formylpyridine thus ultimately dictates the stereochemistry of these chiral fullerene adducts without being incorporated into them. The cage acts both as the substrate and “blueprint” for the chiral information imprinted into the fullerene adducts, which form stereoselectively with a distance of up to 6 carbon atoms between stereocentres. Such chiral fullerene adducts may become useful in devices requiring circularly-polarized light manipulation.
Thermal effect on larval development of the European stag beetle, Lucanus cervus
Authors: Thomaes Arno , Hendriks Paul , Fremlin Maria
Published: February 2022

Conservation of the threatened and protected European stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) mainly focuses on the availability of dead wood as larval habitat. However, as the larval ecology of this species remains poorly studied, less attention has been given to other habitat requirements such as ambient temperatures for the development of the larvae. To design proper guidelines for the preservation of this iconic species, the growth of stag beetle larvae is compared between outdoor containers under a warm sunny and those in a cold shady treatment. Populations originated from the Veluwe (Netherlands) and Colchester (United Kingdom). The shady microclimate led to lower temperatures, which resulted in higher larval weights before molting and an additional year to complete larval development for a part of the population. However, weights were lower than in the warm microclimate when comparing larvae from the same age. This is explained by the longer development time for the different stages. Finally, we found higher larval weights for larvae originating from the Veluwe (Netherlands) compared with larvae from Colchester (UK). We conclude that larvae of L. cervus can cope with shady, colder microclimates. Larval development time in general takes two to three years and depends on temperature. Larvae grow mainly in the warm season while weight remains constant, or even decreases, during the cold season with an approximate threshold between 10 to 15 C.
PEMBAURAN HORISON OPU DAN BELAKE DALAM PROSES REINTERPRETASI UANG DAN TANAH SEBAGAI MAHAR DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT LAMAHOLOT
Authors: Labi Halan FX. Wigbertus
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to explain the fusion of opu and belake horizons which resulted in the decision to use money and land as a substitute for ivory in the context of the Lamaholot ethnic community in Waibalun Village. The results of this study found that the point of agreement on the results of this horizon blending occurs because: a), shared knowledge about the status and roles of opu and belake b), mutual awareness regarding the scarcity of ivory, c) material goods that substitute for ivory qualify as a substitute for ivory, d) awareness about the philosophy of baat wekit, e), shared awareness of control of power through the telo-linked marriage system, d), shared awareness of social control in society. This study uses qualitative research methods, with Hans Georg Gadamer's frame of mind
Beyond Dialogue
Authors: Lemanto Eduardus
Published: February 2022

Beyond Dialogue is a subtheme of Levinas’ work of alterity & transcendence. It is his philosophical deliberation and reflection on the Judea-Christian discord. In his philosophy of dialogue Levinas takes a deep look at the core points of Seelisberg Conference of 1947 – International Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism. He reflects on why dialogue has not ceased the contention between the Jews and the Christians. Through this article I am going to elucidate Levina’s philosophical notions of dialogue. There are two principal questions I put on the table of discourse: Why does Levinas emphasize the principle of ‘beyond dialogue’ in his notion of philosophy of dialogue? What is the ‘ethical foundation’ of dialogue in the face of conflicts of identity? This article aims to examine Levinas’ ideas of philosophy of dialogue, and also to invite the readers to draw out the insights relevant in comprehending as well as in responding to social conflicts in nowdays that Levinas contributes through his philosophical reflection.
Menjadi Relevan: Peran Serta Perguruan Tinggi untuk Menyediakan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Bagi Pelajar
Authors: Dewi Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan saat ini dipandang berjarak dengan realita kehidupan. Melalui pendidikan, sejatinya pelajar dapat memahami dan memaknai realita sosial dan menjadi bekal bagi mereka dalam menjalani kehidupan yang lebih bermakna. Karena itu, bentuk pembelajaran yang dianggap sesuai adalah pembelajaran kontekstual. Namun, pembelajaran kontekstual sering tidak menjadi prioritas sekolah dan pendidik karena prioritas utama adalah memenuhi standar kurikulum dan terbatasnya keahlian pengajar dan pendidik untuk menyediakan pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kehidupan dan realita yang dihadapi pelajar.  Untuk melengkapi kekosongan penyediaan pendidikan kontekstual, diperlukan peran aktif berbagai kelompok, seperti universitas melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat untuk membantu pihak sekolah dasar dan menengah untuk menyediakan pengetahuan dan keahlian yang terhubung dengan pengalaman pelajar dan realita sosial, atau relevan dengan lingkungan alamiah mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional dan Jurusan Teknik Informatika Unpar di pesantren Bani Yasin Sukabumi bertujuan untuk melengkapi pihak pesantren dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang kontekstual. Di satu sisi, kegiatan ini memberikan pelajar muatan pendidikan lokal seperti pertanian, menjadi pekerja migran, literasi dasar, dan pengembangan nilai di ranah afektif. Pelajar dapat menghubungkan antara pengalaman dan kehidupan keseharian mereka dengan pengetahuan dan keahlian yang diberikan dalam suasana yang menyenangkan. Kegiatan ini juga mendorong pentingnya menekankan aspek partisipasi dan kerjasama universitas dengan pihak lain yang lebih berpengalaman dalam memberikan pengetahuan dan keahlian yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pesantren, dalam hal ini yaitu pertanian. Di sisi lain, kegiatan abdimas ini terkendala situasi pandemi yang menghambat proses refleksi dan optimalisasi kreativitas pelajar untuk mengolah pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari interaksi ini ke dalam cara mereka menyelesaikan persoalan kehidupan.
АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД ТА ПОРІВНЯННЯ СУЧАСНИХ JAVASCRIPT РІШЕНЬ ДЛЯ РОЗРОБКИ ВЕБ-ДОДАТКІВ
Authors: Malokhvii E. , Buhai V. , Molchanov H. , Chernykh O.
Published: February 2022

Предметом дослідження в статті є сучасні JavaScript рішення для розробки веб-додатків, а саме JavaScript бібліотека React та фреймворк Vue. Мета роботи – аналітичний огляд та порівняння сучасних JavaScript рішень для розробки веб-додатків виходячи з трендів на 2021 рік. Для достовірності дослідження поточного стану ринку було використано наступні інструменти: Google Trends, Stack Overflow Developer Survey, GitHub Stars, The State of JavaScript, найпопулярніші платформи пошуку роботи для розробників. В статті наведено порівняння популярних: бібліотеки React та фреймворку Vue, відзначено їх переваги і недоліки.
ПРО ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕСКРИПТОРІВ У СІАМСЬКІЙ НЕЙРОННІЙ МЕРЕЖІ
Authors: Shostak A.
Published: February 2022

Предмет дослідження ̶ процеси розпізнавання зображень рукописних цифр із застосуванням нейронних мереж. Додаток для розпізнавання ґрунтується на архітектурі сіамської мережі з нейронними згортковими підмережами. Мета статті ̶ обґрунтування вибору N-вимірних векторних уявлень вхідних зображень для опису їх властивостей, порівняння та їхнього розпізнавання. Завдання: експериментальне дослідження розпізнавання зображень рукописних цифр із використанням архітектури сіамської нейронної мережі. Методи досліджень: метод прямого пошуку для функцій з декількома змінними для визначення N-вимірних векторних представлений вхідних зображень. Методи досліджень: метод прямого пошуку для функцій з декількома змінними для визначення N-вимірних векторних уявлень вхідних зображень. Результати досліджень. Результати досліджень. Проведено визначення N-вимірних векторних уявлень вхідних зображень рукописних цифр та досліджено їх характеристики. Виконано експериментальне дослідження розпізнавання зображень із використанням векторних уявлень зображень у рамках архітектури сіамської нейронної мережі. Показано, що запропоновані методи визначення векторних N-вимірних уявлень вхідних зображень є робастними і незначно впливають на кількість помилок при тестуванні розпізнавання. Під час тестування використовувалися зображення рукописних цифр із тестового набору MNIST. Визначено, що використання наперед вибраних еталонних уявлень вхідних зображень дозволяє спростити архітектуру сіамської мережі. Висновки. Результати, отримані в роботі, можуть бути використані при порівняльній оцінці та визначенні N-вимірних векторних уявлень різних класів вхідних зображень з метою розпізнавання їх з використанням архітектури сіамської нейронної мережі.
ПОБУДОВА МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ СПЕЦПРОЦЕСОРА ОБРОБКИ КРИПТОГРАФІЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ НА ОСНОВІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ НЕПОЗИЦІЙНИХ КОДОВИХ СТРУКТУР
Authors: Yanko A. , Shefer O. , Denysenko Y.
Published: February 2022

Досліджено принципи реалізації арифметичних операцій у системі залишкових класів (СЗК). Використання розглянутих принципів та основних властивостей СЗК відкриває широкі можливості в побудові не тільки нової машинної арифметики, але й принципово нової схемної реалізації процесорів. На основі дослідженої інформації було побудовано математичну модель спецпроцесора обробки криптографічної інформації (СОКІ) на основі використання основних властивостей непозиційних кодових структур. На основі даних досліджень було проведемо порівняльний аналіз надійності потроєного позиційного СОКІ з мажоритарним елементом СОКІ у СЗК по безвідмовності, застосовуючи розглянуту надійнісну модель.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО НОРМАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЯКОСТІ ПОВІТРЯ ВИРОБНИЧОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: Kasatkina N. , Panova O. , Nikolaiev K.
Published: February 2022

Розглянуто можливості нормалізації аероіонного режиму повітря приміщень без застосування коронних іонізаторів повітря з побічною генерацією озону й оксидів азоту. Наведено результати експериментів по визначенню динаміки концентрацій аероіонів обох полярностей. Показано, що під час роботи стандартного ультразвукового зволожувача повітря за зміни відносної вологості з 38 до 45 % концентрації іонів змінюються наступним чином: n- – з 230 до 560, n+ – з 260 до 410, що можна вважати задовільним. Але під час роботи кондиціонера, та у залежності від часу доби пропорції полярностей аероіонів різні. Це пояснюється як переважною позитивною іонізацією приземного шару повітря у нічний та ранковий час та частково непередбачуваною електризацією полімерних поверхонь (ковролінів, лінолеумів, шпалер тощо). Остання залежить від знаку поверхневого заряду. Отримані дані щодо впливу спліт-системи на аероіонний режим приміщень, відмінні від відомих. Тому зроблено висновок про необхідність ретельних досліджень впливу систем вентиляції, охолодження та кондиціонування повітря, що дозволить визначити перелік та вміст заходів з нормалізації та підтримання на нормативному рівні концентрацій аероіонів обох полярностей. Зроблено висновок про доцільність розроблення і випробування ультразвукового іонізатора повітря з регульованою генерацією як з кількістю, та і за коефіцієнтом полярності аероіонів. Це дозволить не тільки нормалізувати концентрації аероіонів, а і нейтралізувати поверхневі електростатичні заряди обох знаків.
Does blood sampling from caudal vessels in fish produce parameter values different from those obtained by heart puncture?
Authors: Mikulíková Ivana , Palíková Miroslava , Papežíková Ivana , Blahová Jana , Toulová Ivona , Minářová Hana
Published: February 2022

Analyses of blood samples in ichthyology are of importance for assessment of fish health as well as fish responses to environmental stressors. The measurement results may be affected by multiple factors. This study aimed at assessment of the influence of the blood collection site by comparing dual values of indices measured in samples obtained both from the heart and puncturing caudal vessels in the same fish specimens. Our results revealed that the sampling site did not significantly influence measured variables including haematological indices, the plasma biochemistry profile, acid-base balance parameters and the phagocytic activity. To conclude, for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) both sampling methods are interchangeable with regard to the above-mentioned indices.
Anti-tumour effect of combinations of three acids isolated from Taraxacum officinale
Authors: Korbášová Markéta , Tomenendálová Jaroslava , Chloupek Jan
Published: February 2022

Taraxacum officinale (TO) is a well-known medicinal plant used in folk medicine for its variety of biological activities. In this study a methanolic extract from roots was used to examine its anti-tumour effect by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay on two mouse tumour cell lines, fibrosarcoma and hepatoma cell lines. Normal hepatocyte and fibroblast cell lines were used as a control. Furthermore, three active compounds were isolated from the extract, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ursolic acid, in order to investigate their cytotoxicity and possible interactions between them in their combinations on the same tumour and non-tumour cell lines. The anti-tumour effect of the TO extract was confirmed on the fibrosarcoma cell line in a dose dependent manner. The anti-proliferative acting of each acid was described on both cancer cell lines and for the first time the combinations of these acids were investigated and their common effect in the mixtures reported. Further experiments to determine the mechanism of action and examine their action with conventional chemotherapeutics as a potential adjuvant therapy to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect and improve patient health with its hepatoprotective activity could be encouraged.
Health status of slaughtered animals as indicated by postmortem inspection at slaughterhouses
Authors: Ninčáková Simona , Večerek Vladimír , Válková Lenka , Voslářová Eva , Kaluža Michal , Zavřelová Veronika
Published: February 2022

The study focused on the comparison of health of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, rabbits, poultry and ostriches slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic based on the occurrence of findings detected during a postmortem veterinary inspection in the period from 2010 to 2019. The level of health was expressed as the so-called PA index obtained by the ratio of the number of findings to the total number of observations (15) during the pathoanatomical examination in the slaughterhouse multiplied by one hundred. Mammals (cattle, pigs, sheep and goats) generally had a higher PA index than birds (domestic chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, ostriches), with the exception of kids and rabbits. The highest PA index was found in cows (15.13) and piglets (12.18); whereas the lowest PA index was found in broiler chickens (0.102), rabbits, and geese (both 0.14). In poultry, the PA index values were below 1, with the exception of laying hens (PA index 2.165). A higher PA index was found in a group of adult animals (the PA index ranged from 2.17 to 15.13) and groups of young animals culled from farms (the PA index ranged from 10.79 to 12.18) than in fattened animals (the PA index ranged from 0.10 to 5.32). A comprehensive overview of the health condition of slaughtered animals enables the farmers, veterinarians, transporters and slaughterhouse operators to take appropriate and precisely targeted preventive measures, thereby increasing the animal welfare and health in the future while reducing the incidence of carcass damage.
IgG4-related disease presenting with renal injury and obstructive nephropathy discovered incidentally: a case report with literature review
Authors:   Mouhammad J Alawad1*, Saffa Elawad1+, Bara Wazwaz 2**, Abdul Wahab Al Allaf 3¶
Published: February 2022

IgG-4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by tissues infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4 secreting plasma cells, significant fibrosis and response well to steroids. It is typically a systemic disease that involves various organs. We are presenting a 57-year-old female who was found to have elevated serum creatinine, Proteinuria. An ultrasound scan revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan illustrated a large retroperitoneal mass. Further evaluation of the mass with whole-body positron emission tomography (PET CT) scan was suggestive of retroperitoneal fibrosis or lymphoma. A CT guided biopsy was done, and results were consistent with fibrosis in the context of IgG-4 related disease. IgG-4 serum levels were elevated. The patient was treated with oral steroids. Azathioprine and Rituximab. Renal function improved significantly and was stable upon 3 months follow up with a decrease in IgG-4 levels and with a significant reduction in the mass lesion.
Análisis del Marco Normativo de Economía Circular en Ecuador Orientado al Sector de los Plásticos
Authors: Portilla-Jiménez Jenny Gabriela
Published: February 2022

A nivel mundial el sector industrial del plástico es uno de los sectores productivos más relevantes por generar empleo, satisfacer necesidades, solucionar problemas sanitarios entre otros; sin embargo, también genera un alto impacto negativo al ambiente lo que provoca problemas para el ser humano y las demás especies de flora y fauna, no solo en su fabricación (debido a la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero) sino también por los residuos plásticos generados por décadas que hoy en día contaminan ríos, laderas, quebradas, océanos, y otros ecosistemas marinos y terrestres. El crecimiento de la producción de plásticos en los últimos 65 años superó a cualquier otro material fabricado. Se estima que cerca de 8300 millones de toneladas métricas (Mt) de plásticos vírgenes se han producido hasta la actualidad. En Ecuador la realidad no es distinta, la producción, el consumo y la generación de desechos plásticos ha crecido de manera descontrolada, por lo que la generación y aplicación de normativas que regulen el comportamiento de la sociedad es absolutamente necesario y urgente. Por medio de la presente investigación se analizó el marco normativo ecuatoriano y cómo este apoya a la transición de una Economía Lineal a una Economía Circular en el sector del plástico, como una solución global a la gran contaminación que ha generado el plástico por décadas. Se realizó además, un análisis de los avances que el Ecuador está teniendo en el contexto de la sostenibilidad a partir de la generación de políticas de Economía Circular tomando como caso de estudio al sector industrial de plásticos, así como el nivel de aplicación de las mismas. Se concluye que a pesar de contar con un marco normativo sobre la aplicación de Economía Circular, a nivel general y en el sector plástico las iniciativas, proyectos y lineamientos son encaminadas al fomento del reciclaje y la incorporación de material reciclado posconsumo en la fabricación de los mismos productos de un solo uso, fomentando una cultura de comodidad y alejándose de una aplicación de los principios de Economía Circular. El país que debe iniciar su cambio cultural no solo en la gestión integral de residuos sino las políticas encaminadas a la producción e importación deben alinearse con el cumplimiento de los principios de la Economía Circular y el desarrollo sostenible.