bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Índice triglicéridos/colesterol de alta densidad y perfil lipídico en adolescentes escolares de una región andina del Perú
Authors: Ninatanta Ortiz Juana , Romaní Romaní Franco
Published: January 2019

Introducción. El exceso de peso es un fenómeno creciente en población adolescente, sin embargo, los estudios sobre el perfil lipídico en adolescentes peruanos son escasos. Objetivo. Identificar los patrones del índice triglicéridos/colesterol HDL y perfil lipídico en escolares sin síndrome metabólico residentes en zonas urbanas de una región andina del Perú. Métodos. Estudio de fuente secundaria, los datos provienen del estudio «Frecuencia de Síndrome Metabólico en residentes de una región andina del Perú». De 586 estudiantes del estudio original, fueron excluidos 19 por tener diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. Se analizaron los niveles de glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad (HLD), colesterol de baja densidad (LDL) y triglicéridos. El colesterol no HDL fue calculado mediante la diferencia entre el colesterol total y HDL. El índice triglicérido/colesterol de alta densidad (Tg/HDL-C) es el cociente entre la concentración sérica de triglicéridos y colesterol HDL-C. Resultados. Analizamos el perfil lipídico de 567 adolescentes entre 11 y 16 años. La media del índice Tg/HDL-C fue de 2,9 (desviación estándar – DE: 2,35), la mediana fue de 2,3 con un intervalo intercuartil entre 1,62 y 3,51. El índice Tg/HDL-C ≥3 estuvo asociado con mayores niveles de colesterol no HDL, puntaje Z de IMC y perímetro de cintura. Conclusiones. La mitad de adolescentes escolares de una región andina del Perú tuvo un índice Tg/HDL-C entre 1,62 y 3,51. Un corte ≥3 en el índice Tg/HDL-C estuvo asociado a una mayor concentración de colesterol no HDL, puntaje Z de IMC, y perímetro de cintura, estos dos últimos son indicadores de exceso de peso.
Identidad profesional en estudiantes del sexto año de medicina humana de una universidad pública, 2013
Authors: Márquez Cabezas Carlos Otildo , Arca González del Valle José Miguel , Saavedra Muñoz Marcos Julio , Zarate Cárdenas Esteban Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Introducción. La identidad en los estudiantes configura su autorreconocimiento con la profesión e involucra lo personal, familiar, cognitivo, institucional y sociocultural. Objetivo. Conocer los componentes de la construcción de la identidad profesional y los principales fenómenos que interactúan en dicha construcción, en estudiantes de medicina humana de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo. Participaron del estudio 136 estudiantes del sexto año de estudios a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de identidad profesional. A 16 estudiantes se realizó entrevista abierta. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó con el software JMP V7. Resultados. De los 136 estudiantes evaluados, 63,2% tuvieron opinión favorable respecto a la identidad profesional; 34,6%, intermedia; y 2,2%, desfavorable. Del análisis cualitativo se encontró que la identificación temprana con la profesión, el apoyo brindado por la familia, así como el soporte afectivo, social y económico, fueron componentes presentes en los estudiantes entrevistados. Conclusiones. La identidad profesional en estudiantes de sexto año de medicina humana fue mayoritariamente favorable. La construcción de la identidad profesional tuvo como componentes a la identificación temprana con la profesión, la familia, y el soporte afectivo, social y económico.
Neurocisticercosis raquídea diagnosticada por punción lumbar
Authors: Huamaní Charles , Galindo Diego , Aldave Raquel
Published: January 2019

La neurocisticercosis es una enfermedad frecuente, su principal ubicación es en el parénquima cerebral; sin embargo, menos del 5% de los casos son de ubicación espinal donde producen cuadros clínicos pseudotumorales u obstructivos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que ingresa por cefalea crónica con signos de hipertensión endrocraneana, sin clínica medular, y en quien se obtuvo durante el estudio de punción lumbar una membrana cisticercótica y líquido cefalorraquídeo con gran consumo de glucosa (3mg/dL). El hallazgo de un cisticerco de ubicación intradural-extramedular durante una punción lumbar es un hallazgo muy raro, solo descrito en pacientes con clínica evidente. Recomendamos sospecharla cuando no haya evidencia clínica de compromiso medular pero se tenga sugerencia de cisticercosis cerebral y líquido cefalorraquídeo alterado, ampliando el estudio con neuroimágenes.
Restricción alimentaria intermitente: repercusiones en la regulación de la homeostasis energética hipotalámica y tejido adiposo
Authors: Rosas Fernández Mariana , Concha Vilca Carlos , Oliveira Batista Leandro , Tibau de Albuquerque Kelse
Published: January 2019

La práctica de restricción alimentaria intermitente (RAI) bien como sus variaciones, es utilizada por individuos con intensión de pérdida de masa corporal. Existen evidencias científicas favorables a esta práctica; no obstante, son insuficientes los estudios que muestren las consecuencias a largo plazo y sus repercusiones en el control de la homeostasis energética en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Considerando su creciente utilización, tanto como su recomendación y además de la controversia existente en la bibliografía, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo mostrar los efectos de la RAI sobre la regulación central de la homeostasis energética registrados en la literatura.
Deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Montesinos Rosa , López-Góngora Mariana
Published: January 2019

La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad inflamatoria, autoinmune y neurodegenerativa del sistema nervioso central caracterizada por pérdida de la función motora y sensitiva; es considerada una de las principales causas de discapacidad en el adulto joven. Recientemente, se le ha dado gran importancia al deterioro cognitivo, por ser un síntoma frecuente y discapacitante. Este deterioro está presente en un 40 a 65% de los pacientes y afecta la velocidad de procesamiento de información, atención compleja, memoria de trabajo, memoria visual y verbal, fluencia verbal y funciones ejecutivas. Se puede presentar en el síndrome radiológico aislado, en el síndrome clínico aislado y en las diferentes fases de la enfermedad; además, es el responsable de la dependencia de algunos pacientes y de las dificultades para mantener o conseguir empleo. Este déficit cognitivo se asocia a atrofia del tálamo y se ha observado una correlación con las medidas de atrofia y con el volumen lesional cerebral. Existen diferentes herramientas para su evaluación; hay pruebas de cribado breves de 5 minutos de duración, hasta baterías extensas de 90 minutos. Respecto al tratamiento de las alteraciones cognitivas, no existe un tratamiento farmacológico específico; sin embargo, se considera que los fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad podrían tener una influencia favorable en la función cognitiva por sus efectos en la reducción de la actividad inflamatoria y la atrofia cerebral. En cuanto a la estimulación cognitiva, no existen datos concluyentes por las diferentes técnicas empleadas y las distintas medidas utilizadas para evaluar los resultados de las intervenciones.
La transferencia tecnológica para el desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica informadas en evidencia
Authors: Carmona Clavijo Gloria , Bonilla Untiveros Catherine , Reyes Puma Nora , Huamán Sánchez Karen , Castillo Villacrez Celia , Caballero Ñopo Patricia
Published: January 2019

Este artículo comparte la experiencia del proceso de transferencia tecnológica (TT) realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) hacia los grupos clínicos multidisciplinarios de las diversas IPRESS y direcciones del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), dentro del marco de desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica informadas en evidencia (GPC-IE). Presenta el contexto evolutivo de las GPC junto al rol que desarrolló el INS, tanto en el desarrollo de la normativa vigente como en su implementación. Expresa las situaciones propias de la operacionalización del proceso que no fueron contempladas inicialmente en la norma y los aportes realizados para su abordaje; como la variabilidad de las estrategias de priorización de temas a desarrollar, las características adicionales del grupo elaborador (GE) y grupo metodólogo (GM), la relevancia del grupo gestor, las estrategias pedagógicas empleadas para el manejo de los grupos clínicos, las precisiones adicionales que se realizaron en relación a la declaración de conflicto de interés (DCI) en pro de contribuir en la transparencia, y de fortalecer la TT asumida. Manifiesta las estrategias empleadas para la valoración de las perspectivas y preferencias de los pacientes. Finalmente expresa los resultados y los desafíos en la TT continua en el marco de GPC-IE.
Framing the Body and the Body of Frame: Item songs in popular Hindi cinema
Authors: Kaur Ravneet
Published: January 2019

University of DelhiThe basic framework of this paper is to deliberate upon the emergence of item songs as a reinstatement of the dominance of the ‘song and dance sequences’ in popular Hindi cinema, and its inferences as a sub-text in contemporary cultural forms. While doing so, the paper argues that the transition in consumption and the circulation/distribution of Hindi film songs, and other visual/ audio media has affectively facilitated the course. In the given context, the paper further attempts to address shifts in the filmic techniques that have consistently regulated the production of such songs, revealing a spectrum of negotiations between and among the ‘body’, ‘performance’, and ‘frame’, with which the spectator becomes familiarized over a series of visual/ audio leaps that have taken place in the traditional media forms like that of television and in newer forms like the internet.
‘I Wasn’t Born with Enough Middle Fingers’: How low-budget horror films defy sexual m orality and heteronormativity in Bollywood
Authors: Sen Aditi
Published: January 2019

Queen’s UniversityIn the early 1980s the Ramsay Brothers gave Bollywood a new genre of monster flicks with blockbusters like Purana Mandir, Hotel, and Veerana. Following the work of the Ramsay Brothers, low-budget horror films that were made exclusively for the small towns and rural market increased in the decades of 1980s and 1990s. These films are primarily known for their unintentional humor owing to poor production and acting, but they have never been acknowledged for their actual content. This article argues that Bollywood low-budget films fulfilled the basic function of horror movies—that is, they subverted mainstream moral order and sexual morality. These films opened up space for dialogues that the mainstream cinema had totally neglected; particularly, in the areas of incest, female lust, ‘othering’ of male sexuality, and transgendered identities. On a different register, the relationship between low-budget horror films and mainstream Bollywood can be compared to folklore and canonical literature, where folklore repeatedly resists the conformities endorsed by the mainstream prescriptive texts.
The Politics Around ‘B-Grade’ Cinema in Bengal: Re-viewing popular Bengali film culture in the 1980s‒1990s
Authors: Nag Anugyan , Bhattacharya Spandan
Published: January 2019

Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityThe 1980–90s was a turbulent period for the Bengali cinema, the events being triggered by a series of industrial problems, the anxiety of a new film public and the pressing necessity for newer forms of articulation. During this time, Bengali popular cinema responded with newer genres of narratives (elaborated later) that emerged from dissimilar aesthetic positions and different social perspectives. But it is unfortunate that instead of engaging with this diverse range of film making practices, the journalistic and academic discourses on the 1980–90s Bengali cinema present only the ‘crisis-ridden’ scenarios of the Bengali film industry―suffering from multiple problems. Interestingly, this marginalized and unacknowledged cinema of the 1980–90s almost became synonymous to the concept of the ‘B-grade’ cinema, although it is not similar in formation, circulation and reception like the other established B-circuit or B-grade cinemas across the world. This paper aims to criticize this simpler ‘crisis narrative’ scenario by looking at the categories of class and audience and questioning the relevance of issues related to the popularity of these films. In brief, our article aims to problematize the notion of what is ‘B-grade’ cinema in the context of the Bengali cinema of the 1980–90s and by referring to this film culture, it tries to open up some other possibilities to which this notion can refer.
JUOZO NAUJALIO 1906 METŲ LIETUVIŠKAS BAŽNYTINIS GIESMYNAS LIETUVIŠKOS CHORINĖS MUZIKOS LEIDYBOS KONTEKSTE
Authors: GUDELIS REGIMANTAS
Published: January 2019

The printing of Lithuanian songs and psalms began in Lithuania in the 19 th century already, at the time of the press ban introduced by the tsar government. Illegal Lithuanian newspapers “Aušra” (The daybreak, 1883–1889), “Tėvynės sargas” (The guard of the Fatherland), “Žinyčia”, “Varpas” (The bell), published in Tilsit, printed the first melodies of Lithuanian songs and psalms. In Tilsit in 1889 Lithuanian mass by J. Kalvaitis was published as well as multi-voices psalm book – for the catholic churches. For Lithuanian protestant churches “Giesmių balsai” (Psalm voices) by W. Hofheinz was published in 1894. In 1895 the first collection of Lithuanian folk songs for the choir Kanklės by V. Kudirka was published. Until World War I 18 collections of Lithuanian psalms and songs were published all in all. In them, including the periodicals, up to 500 songs and psalms with the Lithuanian text were published. Besides, composer Č. Sasnauskas published his own Lithuanian choral music, Requiem and other sacral works with the Latin and Russian text in St. Peterburgh. On 13th September 1865 when the tzar government introduced the ban on the national press in Lithuanian, all the Lithuanian alphabet printing houses were closed down, printing presses were destroyed. Lithuanian illegal press, including the notes was published in East Prussia in Tilsit. Here 11 Lithuanian works with notes were published until World War I, as well as 4 in Kaunas, 3 in Seinai, the rest in Heidelberg, Warsaw, Helsinki. The notation culture of the publication is different, because the quality of the notes’ publishing depended on the clients’ budget and possibilities to choose the way of printing. In Kaunas in 1906 Lithuanian church psalm book by J. Naujalis was published. It was in general the first Lithuanian catholic psalm book with notes for the choir and the organ. The Psalm book generalized the reform of the church music introduced at the beginning of the 20th century. As since the ancient times there music had been a lot of psalms of Polish origin sing in Lithuanian part of them was harmonized by J. Naujalis and included into his Psalm book. In this way the Psalm book reflected the convergence of Lithuanian–Polish singing tradition conditioned historically. J. Naujalis the Psalm book printed in M. Sokolovski and A. Estrin publishing house apparently became not only the beginning of the Lithuanian notes publishing in Lithuania, but also the sample of high quality notation culture. It is shown by the comparative analysis of the Lithuanian psalm booksong. The Psalm book was not published for the second time, because its psalms which literary text constantly improved appeared in other psalm book.
LIETUVIŠKOS FARMACIJOS PERIODIKOS IŠTAKOS IR RAIDA LIETUVOJE IKI XX A. PENKTOJO DEŠIMTMEČIO
Authors: STAKULIENĖ SILVIJA
Published: January 2019

This article surveys the beginning and development of the Lithuanian pharmaceutical digest since the first decades of the XXth century till the year 1940. The investigative period is divided into two stages: the first covers period 1910–1918, and the second – 1918–1940. “Farmaceutų reikalai” (The pharmacists’ Matters) was published as “Lietuvos žinios” (Lithuanian News) free supplement “Aušrinė” in Vilnius between 1911–1912. The Publisher of “Farmaceutų reikalai” was F. Bortkevičienė, and editress – S. Mošinskaitė. Seven numers were published over two-year period. The publishing was stopped and newspaper sequel “Farmaceutų reikalai” appeared in Moscow in the year 1918. It was published just one number. The Editorial board included such famous people as S. Nasvytis, V. Narbutas, A. Sutkus. The Publisher was Lithuanian Pharmaceutical Union. The significant event was the release of periodical “Medicina ir gamta” (Medicine and Nature) in the year 1913. It was thought to include articles covering pharmaceutical issues, however, the periodal failed to justify the expectations. Five years passed since the incorporation of Lithuanian Pharmacist Society and Lithuanian Pharmaceutical Union issued professional magazine “Farmacijos žinios” (Pharmaceutical News) intended to solve their professional problems. A professional periodical “Farmacijos žinios” was published in the year 1923–1940. A small 2–3 printer’s sheet periodical informed the specialist not only about the newest pharmaceutical and pharmacy achievements in Lithuania and abroad, but also acted as school of professional mastership. Famous Lithuanian pharmaceutical scientists published their articles in this periodical. Four editors Z. Kuzavas (1923–1924), S. Nasvytis (1925–1926, 1930–1929), J. Makauskis (1927–1929), and J. Žemaitis (1935–1940) edited the periodical for 17 years. Three numbers of “Lietuvos farmaceutas” (Lithuanian Pharmacist) were published in the year 1933. It was published by the Lithuanian Pharmacy and Officers Union. The editor was M. Barkauskas, and the number cost 2 Lt. The survey of the four Lithuanian pharmaceutical periodicals that were published at the second and fourth decades of the XXth century allow to resume that those first periodicals were significant and useful. Lithuanian heritage of pharmaceutical periodicals was founded on their bases. The heritage enriched and extended the apprehension of the periodicals that had been published at those times.
MIKALOJAUS AKELAIČIO LAIŠKAI ADAMUI ZAWADZKIUI AUŠRA NAVICKIENĖ
Authors: NAVICKIENĖ AUŠRA
Published: January 2019

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SPAUDOS PAVELDO SAMPRATOS IR IŠEIVIJOS SPAUDOS PAVELDO SKLAIDOS KLAUSIMU
Authors: BRAZIŪNIENĖ ALMA
Published: January 2019

On the basis of the works by various foreign and Lithuanian authors, the article deals with the concept of printed heritage and its place within the wider system of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. The Lithuanian printed exile heritage is a part of the Lithuanian printed heritage. Printed exile materials are stored in the major Lithuanian libraries, such as National Martynas Mažvydas Library, Vilnius University Library, the Library of Lithuanian Academy of Science, as well as in main museums of Lithuania.The article discussses several issues related to the assimilation of Lithuanian printed exile heritage. What is the status of the printedexile heritage compared to other types of cultural heritage? Should it be treated in a special way or as an integral part of Lithuanian printed heritage? What concrete steps should be taken to make it more accessible? The main challenge, in the author’s view, is to achieve the right trade-off between the integration of the printed exile heritage and preservation of its uniqueness and identity.
TĖVIŠKĖS ISTORIJOS MEDŽIAGA KLAIPĖDIŠKIŲ ARCHYVE CLOPPENBURGE IR OLDENBURGE (VOKIETIJA)
Authors: KLEIN MANFRED
Published: January 2019

The “Archive of the Working Group of the Memelland Districts” is sustained by the umbrella organization of the former (mostly German speaking) Memelland inhabitants and their descendants – the “Working Group of the Memelland Districts e.V.” (“Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Memellandkreise”, AdM). The archive was founded in 1991 in the town of Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony by pooling several older collections and museum inventories. It is looked after exclusively in an honorary capacity, is located in a private house, and for this reason has limited accessibility. Due to a lack of space, a part of its inventory was relocated to Oldenburg in 2005, where it is also temporarily limited in use. In addition to its archival records, in a narrower sense the archive contains an extensive library in both the German and the Lithuanian language including literature from and about Memelland and the rest of East Prussia. All together, the inventory makes up to at least 100 shelf meters. The archive inventory consists of printed and hand-written documents, photographs and postcards, graphic artwork, water-colour paintings, films and video documentations as well as individual artefacts such as models etc.Among the printed objects worth mentioning in particular are older newspaper issues or single volumes of the 19th century from the city of Memel and Memelland. Among the hand-written documents there are extensive written reminders such as reports on events and autobiographies of a number of Memellanders. Not least of all of further historical interest are the complete documentations of the activity of the organization of Memelland expellees and their individual local groups dating back to 1948. It is planned to record a considerable part of the inventory electronically to also make it digitally visible and usable (internet). No decision, however, has yet been made concerning the future of the whole inventory.
PIRMIEJI XIX a. EMIGRACINĖS SPAUDOS PAMINKLAI: PARYŽIUJE IŠĖJUSIOS KIPRIJONO JUOZAPO ZABIČIO-NEZABITAUSKIO KNYGELĖS
Authors: NAVICKIENĖ AUŠRA
Published: January 2019

Pirmaisiais XIX a. lietuvių emigrantų leidiniais galima vadinti ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje Prancūzijoje išspausdintas dvi lietuviškas brošiūras: prancūzų filosofo Hugues Félicité Robertos de Lamennais knygos Tikinčiojo žodžiai (Paroles d’un croyant, Paris, 1834) ištraukų ir poeto Adomo Mickevičiaus Lenkų tautos ir piligrimystės knygos (Księgi narodu polskiego i pielgrzymstwa polskiego, Paryż, 1832) ištraukų lietuviškus vertimus. Šių unikalių spaudos paveldo paminklų istoriografija apima kelis amžius, tačiau iki šiol nesutariama, kada leidiniai pasirodė, kur jie buvo išspausdinti, kaip paaiškinti jų leidybinio apipavidalinimo savitumus. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama jų tyrimų genezė ir raida, struktūruojant istoriografinius šaltinius, parodant tyrimų sąsajas, tikslinant nuomones ir faktografines detales, formuojant apibendrinimus. Nagrinėjama minėtų lietuviškų emigracinės spaudos paminklų leidybos istorija, į mokslinę apyvartą įtraukiant naujus duomenis, pasiektus kaimyninės šalies – Lenkijos knygotyrininkų, faktus, sukauptus iš to meto korespondencijos ir pačių leidinių nagrinėjimo de visu, įtvirtinant naujas įžvalgas ir formuluojant tolesnes tyrimų kryptis.
IŠEIVIJOS ASMENINĖS BIBLIOTEKOS RUSIJOS KNYGOTYRININKŲ DARBUOSE
Authors: ILJINA OLGA
Published: January 2019

Российская национальная библиотекаУл. Садовая д. 18, 191069 Санкт-Петербург, РоссияE-mail: o_ilina@mail.ruВ стаье кратко прослежена история изучения личных библиотек российских эмигрантов. Отмечена роль «Общества друзей русской книги» в Париже в сохранении и изучении русской книги за рубежом. Охарактеризованы некоторые коллекции российских библиофилов, посвященные русскому зарубежью: О. Г. Ласунского, Л. А. Мнухина, В. А. Петрицкого. Названы наиболее известные эмигрантские книжные собрания, поступившие в фонды государственных хранилищ в последние двадцать лет. Показаны некоторые направления деятельности государственных российских библиотек по сохранению и изучению личных книжных собраний эмигрантов (реконструкция состава библиотек, создание каталогов отдельных коллекций и т.д.). Дан обзор современных книговедческих исследований о личных эмигрантских библиотеках. Предпринята попытка определить особые характеристики эмигрантской библиотеки как историко-культурного явления. Намечены возможные пути изучения личных эмигрантских библиотек. Приведен обширный список литературы, достаточно полно отражающий тематику и проблематику изучения личных книжных собраний российских эмигрантов.
LATVIŲ IŠEIVIŲ KNYGA: LEIDYKLOS IR LEIDINIŲ REPERTUARAS (1945–1991)
Authors: ZANDERS VIESTURS
Published: January 2019

Цель данной статьи – дать общий обзор книгоиздательской деятельности латышской эмиграции в 40-80 годах 20 века. Ценнейшим источником информации о печатном наследии латышской эмиграции является указатель «Библиография латышских изданий в эмиграции» Б. Егера (1968–1996), а также большое число документов латышского зарубежья, полученных библиотеками, архивами и музеями Латвии после восстановления независимости. Среди свыше 6 тысяч названий книг преобладают издания художественной литературы, издания по истории, литература биографического характера, религиозная литература, книги по языкознанию, этнографии и фольклору. Во второй половине 40-х годов в Германии было опубликовано абсолютное большинство (свыше 1200 из примерно 1400) латышских книг (другие печатались в основном в Швеции). С 50-х годов латышские издательства работают также в США, Канаде и Австралии. 50-е, 60-е и первая половина 70-х годов становятся самыми плодотворными годами для книжного дела латышского зарубежья. В Европе ключевые позиции в книжном деле зарубежья занимают несколько издательств в Швеции („Daugava”, „Zelta ābele”). Самым плодовитым издателем латышского зарубежья оказался Х. Рудзитис (его издательством „Grāmatu Draugs” было выпущено свыше 600 книг). Книжное дело латышского зарубежья стало ярким свидетельством духовной, научной и творческой активности латышских эмигрантов.
LIETUVIŲ KULTŪRINIO PAVELDO AKTUALINIMAS ANGLAKALBĖJE AUSTRALIJOS APLINKOJE
Authors: TAŠKŪNAS ALGIMANTAS PATRICIJUS
Published: January 2019

Until World War II, there were few Lithuanians in Australia. Their numbers were boosted when 10,000 Lithuanian refugees arrived in this country in the late 1940s and early 1950s.Many congregated in the larger cities and established the structures necessary for the preservation of their national identity. These structures included Lithuanian newspapers and books, weekend schools, choirs and folk-dancing groups, Lithuanian libraries, credit unions, etc. All these initiatives were aimed at preserving the Lithuanian heritage, the “lietuvybė”, and were addressed at the Lithuanian-speaking newcomers. These former refugees were still passionately hoping for an early liberation of their homeland, especially in their early years in Australia.At the same time, prompt assimilation of the European immigrants was in the forefront of the Australian Government’s policy. Most Lithuanians managed to meet the Government’s requirement without losing their “lietuvybė” – an interesting phenomenon that has been studied in its own right and needs further in-depth discussion.In spite of the significant input by 10,000 Lithuanian migrants, however, the Australian population at large knew very little, or nothing at all, about Lithuania and its people. The Australian Lithuanians, aided by their Baltic colleagues, belatedly realised that it was not enough to document the Lithuanian identity and heritage just in Lithuanian. All about the Lithuanians, and the other Balts, had to be made known to Australians, in English. As a short-term measure, new newspapers, bulletins, leaflets and media releases were produced in English, featuring the facts of the foreign rule in the Baltics. Books started appearing on similar topics.In Australia today, some of the Lithuanian heritage continues to be recorded and published, in English. However, this work is carried out piecemeal and under difficul conditions. There is only one English-language Lithuanian journal in Australasia and in the whole Southern Hemisphere (Lithuanian Papers).Over 30 English-language books published in Australia during the past 50 years describe Lithuania and its people. Some are devoted entirely to this topic. Others have merely a chapter or two on Lithuania. Whether lengthy or brief, a number of these volumes are of a high standard; but several others are erroneous and misleading.
SAVILAIDOS MODELIS IR MOLOTOVO–RIBBENTROPO PAKTO DOKUMENTŲ SKLAIDOS ATVEJIS
Authors: JASELIŪNAS EGIDIJUS
Published: January 2019

The aim of the paper is to present the theoretical model of samizdat. With regard to this model, samizdat, which emerged in Lithuania in the 50’s of the 20th century and persisted nearly until the collapse of the soviet system, is construed as a new phenomenon of the underground press. Samizdat was one of the categories of the underground press, which was distinguished by a unique mechanism of spreading. With the reference to the insights of Aleksandr Daniel the first half of the paper discusses principal differences of samizdat from other categories of the underground press (“texts of personal usage”, “coterie”, partisan press and proclamations). Contrary to other underground press, the publishers of samizdat controlled only preparation and distribution of only the primary edition (generally small), and subsequent circulation of the publications took place in the circle of the readers. Therefore, the major role in samizdat was played by the readers, who multiplied and distributed the publications on their own initiative and without the awareness of the publishers.Pursuing to substantiate the presented theoretical model, the second half of paper scrutinizes Abstractthe history of the spread of one document – secret pacts of Ribbentrop–Molotov – in samizdat. The method of “one case analysis” revealed reasonability of the theoretical model and expedience of its use. The spread of the secret pacts of Ribbentrop–Molotov in the 70’s–80’s may be considered a typical model of samizdat. Moreover, the spread of the documents revealed a unique peculiarity of the renewal of samizdat: since samizdat was circulating in numerous directions and in a diversity of circles of readers, it was practically impossible for the soviet authorities to stop the spread of a text, which reached samizdat. Such elemental mistake predetermined vitality and efficiency of such underground press in the soviet society.Exchange of information through the principle of samizdat was determined by the heritage of the totalitarian political system – the society was so polarized that usual forms of the underground press become ineffective. In the meanwhile, samizdat opened new possibilities for the spread of the uncensored ideas in the post-totalitarian system, which could assist in overcoming mistrust prevailing in the society and its disunity.
LEVO VLADIMIROVO VISUOTINĖS KNYGOS ISTORIJOS SAMPRATA
Authors: AKSTINAITĖ EGLĖ
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to reveal Lithuanian book scientist’s L.Vladimirov’s, who was one of few people from Eastern Europe and the only from neighbour states who researched world book history, general book history conception (in Lithuanian: Knygos istorija: senovė, viduramžiai, renesansas, XVI–XVII amžius, Vilnius, 1979; in Russian: Всеобщая история книги: древний мир, средневековье, возрождение, XVII век. Москва, 1988). The article analyses L.Vladimirov’s world outlook which partially influenced the methodological solutions of his researches. Also Marxism-Leninism ideology impact on his works is assessed, the main Eastern and Western Europe works of the field are discussed (works by S. Dahl, S. H. SteinAbstractberg, D. C McMurtrie et al.). The main conclusion is that L.Vladimirov’s Book History is history synthesis, which aimed at presenting as broad as possible review of the problematics. It is true to say that L.Vladimirov’s general book history concept is not whole and finished methodologically and the author himself did not define it. But as the first work of the character in Lithuania, this book is important because of its incorporation of Lithuanian book history into the world context. Hence, as this L.Vladimirov’s work is important to Lithuania, we might say that it is urgent inside the boarders of the former USSR because of broad geographical context; and to Europe it is interesting as synthesis of eastern and western knowledge.
Reklamos reikšmė rinkos informavimo sistemoje
Authors: Vaišvilienė Alina
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The article analyzes the concept of advertising. The author defines specific elements of advertising and relations between advertising and other communication means. The aim of the article is to define the niche of advertising in a market communication system.After the studying available scientific sources the author concludes that concept of advertising is not constant in market communication system. Inconstancy of the concept is determined by versatility of the object of research and its transdisciplinary nature. The broad area of activity, instable meaning in market communication system and different points of view to the range of advertising makes a tough issue to analyze the advertising process itself.Despite the fact that advertising production is widely seen in a context of commercial reality, the communication of advertising in a modern society is influenced not just by growing competition but also by sociocultural reasons and diverse contacts of individuals. The conclusion is reached that boundaries of advertising in market communication dissolves and parts of traditional functions of advertising are transitioned to other means of market communication.
STANDARTIZACIJA: SAMPRATA IR REZULTATAI
Authors: BLIŪDŽIUVIENĖ NIJOLĖ
Published: January 2019

The article outlines development of standardization, presents details of academic disputes about standardization as a scholarly discipline and introduces basic standardization concepts.The main focus is on the international level of standardization activity. While various types of standards are discussed, de jure standards adopted by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and de facto standards drafted by international organizations of library, archival and museum communities are given major coverage. Relationship between de jure and de facto standards, mostly applied by documentation institutions, is defined and examples of such standards are provided.In all times, the standard has been an instrument of serving certain social needs. Social benefit of standards is therefore highlighted when assessing the importance of standardization in the global context of contemporary knowledge and technologies. However, in addition to social effects of standardization, the economic and psychological factors come into play as well. Recent challenges brought about by the modern knowledge age and new technologies tend to overcome institutional differences. Libraries, museums, and archives are launching various joint projects and thus interdisciplinary communication is being expanded.Considering disappearance of boundaries between institutions in the digital space, an agreement on application of common standards by memory institutions could serve as a medium of their integration, despite their diverse practices.
SILEZIJOS UNIVERSITETO KATOVICUOSE BIBLIOTEKININKYSTĖS IR INFORMACIJOS MOKSLŲ INSTITUTO DARBUOTOJŲ PUBLIKACIJOS KULTŪRŲ PARIBIO TEMA: MOKSLINĖS IR PEDAGOGINĖS VEIKLOS PAGRINDU
Authors: GĘBOŁYŚ ZDZISŁAW
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the Eastern borderlands issues in the publication activities of the researchers in the Institute of Library and Information Science at the University of Silesia in Katowice in the years 1974–2007. The bibliographic material was gathered, systematized and described according to descriptive (date and place of publication, author) and subject characteristics (subject, scope). There are altogether 152 publications – 13 books, 4 collective works, 133 articles and 1 review. The borderland researches are distinguished by wide subject, chronological and territorial scope. The main interests of the researchers are Old Polish period (XVI–XVIII) and the present time. The territorial scope of the publications shows that Lithuania and Ukraine are the center of their attention. The subject matter of the research includes issues of book culture, the history of individual collections, profiles of librarians and bibliophiles. Together with the bibliographical analysis there is a short historical sketch of the achievements of the Institute in the didactic and scientific field as well as the cooperation with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine.
MARTYNAS JANKUS IR VYDŪNAS: BENDRUMAI IR SKIRTYBĖS
Authors: BAGDONAVIČIUS VACLOVAS
Published: January 2019

Martynas Jankus (1858–1946) und Vydūnas (1868–1953) sind die herausragendsten Persönlichkeiten, die sich am Ende des 19. und in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts in Kleinlitauen in der litauschen Nationalbewegung engagierten. Beide Männer machten sich um die Herausgabe der litauischen Zeitung Aušra verdient, sie begegneten sich bei den Veranstaltungen der Birutė – Gesellschaft, bei der Herausgabe litauischer Publikationen, bei den Festen am Rambynas – Berg. Darüber hinaus pflegten sie auch privaten Kontakt. Besonders stark verband die Beiden jedoch ihr Engagement gegen Bismarcks Politik der Germanisierung der litauischstämmigen Bevölkerung.Martynas Jankus vertrat dabei die radikaleren Positionen – nicht nur in seiner Herausgebertätigkeit, sondern auch in seinem politischen und seinem kulturellen Engagement für Kleinlitauen. Obwohl Jankus nur eine Grundschulausbildung genossen hatte, war er so gebildet, dass er mühelos öffentliche Reden und politische Schriften verfassen konnte. Aufgrund all seiner Aktivitäten gilt er als eine der bedeutendsten Persönlichkeiten der kleinlitauischen Nationalbewegung. Von ihm gingen zahlreiche Impulse für die Stärkung nicht nur des kulturellen, sondern auch des politischen Bewusstseins der kleinlitauischen Bevölkerung Ostpreußens aus – nicht zuletzt mobilisierte Jankus seine Landsleute zu konkreten Aktionen für die Verteidigung ihrer Rechte.Vydūnas hingegen vertrat gemäßigtere Anschauungen und richtete sein Augenmerk besonders auf die Unterstützung der geistigen Kultur seiner Landsleute, auf die Stärkung ihres Nationalbewusstseins und nicht zuletzt ihrer Selbstachtung. Dazu setzte er sein Wissen und seine Bildung ein, die er sich u.a. als Gasthörer an deutschen Universitäten erworben hatte. Vydunas gilt als herausragender Dramatiker, Philosoph, als Chorleiter und Regisseur. Seine Hinterlassenschaft bereicherte in hohem Maße die gesamtlitauische Kultur, stärkte ihre intellektuelle Kraft und eröffnete neue Horizonte für ihren künstlerischen Ausdruck.Beide – Martynas Jankus und Vydūnas – betrachteten es als ihr Lebenswerk, dem litauischen Volk seine Kultur zu erhalten und zu stärken.
VILNIAUS VAIDMUO XX A. PRADŽIOS BALTARUSIŲ SPAUDOS ATGIMIMO PROCESE: IDĖJINIAI IR ASMENINIAI RYŠIAI
Authors: DOVNAR LARISA
Published: January 2019

The role of Vilna as the general cultural area in the genesis of the national form of the Belarusian book culture is analysed. The way of forming the national self-consciousness, the national idea of the Belarusians in the sphere of the dominating types of culture (Polish, Russian), different political tendencies in which the most important part was played by national print are retraced.Attention is focused on the development of periodical press in Belarusian in the early 20th century (“Nasha Dolia”, “Nasha Niva”) in the multinational Vilna area. First of all, there are displayed the Belarusian–Lithuanian idea and personal intercommunications which are confirmed by publishing activities. The author concludes that Vilna was the place of the Renaissance of the Belarusian national print which became a unique phenomenon of nobilitation of the Belarusian language, literature, book and the Belarusian nation.
BIBLIOTEKININKYSTĖS IR INFORMACIJOS MOKSLŲ BEI KNYGOTYROS IR DOKUMENTOTYROS INSTITUTAI 2008 METAIS
Authors: BRAZIŪNIENĖ ALMA
Published: January 2019

Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros ir dokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01511 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: alma.braziuniene@kf.vu.lt
RANKRAŠTINĖ KNYGA LIETUVOS DIDŽIOJOJE KUNIGAIKŠTYSTĖJE XIV a. PRADŽIOJE– XVI a. VIDURYJE: SKLAIDOS IR FUNKCIONAVIMO SĄLYGOS
Authors: CICĖNIENĖ RIMA
Published: January 2019

As far back as at the beginning of the 20th cen­tury, the book historian V. Biržiška noted that in the 15th century, GDL manuscript books not only did not disappear, but also expanded their repertoire. On the basis of the latest his­torical research and sources, the article aims to describe and assess the historical conditi­ons, social and cultural processes that led to the manuscript book development, spread and functioning. The article bases its conclusions on the information from surviving manuscript books and archival sources. The paper analyses the phenomena that had a direct impact on the development of the book: the Christianization of the land, aspiration for the reunion of chur­ches, the establishment and development of the sovereign estate and chancellery, the beginning of education. Thus, the history of GDL manu­script books is closely related to the first half of the 14th c. The establishment and development of the sovereign estate and the institutions of the Catholic Church contributed to the dis­semination and functioning of Latin books. Due to teaching, writing culture was mastered throughout the country; the group of literate people, who wrote and read not only in Latin but also in Ruthenian grew rapidly. After the incorporation of Ruthenian lands, the GDL sought for a reunion of the churches. Creation of the Kiev metropolis with the center in Nau­gardukas, as well as the political, religious and cultural activities of the Orthodox metropoli­tan bishop led to the formation of the original manuscript book in the GDL. There appeard a group of persons (both Lithuanians and Ruthenians) who did intellectual work and had cultural needs. They not only became the main users of manuscript books, but also were their creators; they initiated and patronized writing books. In the GDL, New Latin and Ruthenian writing centers were established, and the reper­toire of books expanded.
LEIDĖJŲ PROFESINĖ SPAUDA: SAMPRATA IR RAIDOS TENDENCIJOS LIETUVOJE
Authors: BUIVYDIENĖ ERIKA , ZINKEVIČIENĖ JULIJA
Published: January 2019

Differently from great Western European countries, the professional press of Lithuanian publishers appeared at a rather late stage – in the early 20th century. Until that time, no transparent and clear traditions had been formed. Furthermore, even nowadays Lithuanian specialists of publishing have no periodicals that would satisfy the ir professional and informational needs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse the professional press from the historical point of view and to evaluate the current demand of these specialists in professional information. The study focuses on the following issues: the understanding and concept of professional press, retroactive description of the professional press of publishers in Lithuania, comparison of the development stages with the professional press of publishers in Western European countries, evaluation of the current status of the professional press of publishers in Lithuania.Presumably, the professional periodicals of publishers have not been subject to analysis in Lithuania. Thus, using the method of scientific analysis of literature, the author of study analyses the concept of professional press, the definitions of the key terms, makes a typological analysis of periodicals. By the historical method, the analysis deals with the conditions of appearance of professional periodicals and their development stages; the causalities and consistent patterns are defined. The historical research of the professional periodical press of Lithuanian publishers revealed that the low demand and popularity of professional press were caused by the relatively small circle of professionals in the field. Most of the professional periodicals published in the early 20th century were short-lived and often limited to issues of a few copies. Only the publications of advertising books, aimed at publishers and the educated part of the reading society survived for longer periods, meanwhile professional magazines for specialists were little popular and loss-making for their publishers. The comparatively small local market of the specialists resulted in the phenomenon that only the joint publications satisfying the needs of specialists in several related fields are financially worth publishing. Further, publishers of professional press still lack the support from the professional society.
REKLAMOS IR KNYGŲ VERSLO SĄVEIKA
Authors: VAIŠVILIENĖ ALINA
Published: January 2019

The article considers advertising and book market interactions: analysis of advertising in publishing research and in practice. It also reviews specific book market characteristics, advertising effects at the socio-cultural level, the book advertising situation in other countries. Analysis of book advertising practice has showed that book advertising is the bestseller and brand-building measure. Although the book has a short life cycle, its advertising aims at the formation of long-term market response. The author has found that the structure of advertising and its effect depend on the book market characteristics; however, the process of advertising also changes the book market by developing new processes and events beyond business boundaries: it affects the demand for books, product diversity, the process of book publishing and bookselling, etc. A study of advertising and book market relations unveils the importance of independent book evaluation. The high advertising noise, a wide and dispersed audience, competition from consumer goods ads undermines the role and influence of advertising on book viability: ads often are perceived passively or go unnoticed.