bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of vascularization of a subcutaneous niche for islet transplantation
Authors: Capuani Simone , Campa‐Carranza Jocelyn Nikita , Hernandez Nathanael , Menon Renuka T. R. , Bhavane Rohan , Rome Gabrielle E. , Devkota Laxman , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Annapragada Ananth V. , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Badachhape Andrew A. , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Revascularization plays a critical role in the successful engraftment of transplanted pancreatic islets, which are inherently rich in capillaries to meet their high metabolic demands. Innovative islet encapsulation strategies such as the NICHE (neovascularized implantable cell homing and encapsulation), generate a prevascularized transplantation site that allows for direct integration of the graft with the systemic circulation. Timing the transplantation is key to maximizing islet engraftment and survival, especially in diabetic individuals, who exhibit impaired wound healing. Therefore, in this study, we explored different methods to assess vascular development within NICHE in vivo in a non‐invasive fashion. We effectively tracked neoangiogenesis using nanoparticle contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (nCECT), observing a steady increase in vascularization over an 8‐week period, which was confirmed histologically. Next, we estimated relative vascularization changes via T2 mapping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after islet transplantation. On the first day post‐transplantation, we measured a slight decrease in T2 values followed by a significant increase by day 14 attributable to islet revascularization. Our findings underscore the potential of non‐invasive imaging techniques to provide insightful information on the readiness of the transplant site within cell encapsulation systems to support cell graft transplantation.
Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Adult Hospitalized Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Satlin Michael J. , Yu Kalvin , Martei Yehoda M. , Sung Lillian , Westblade Lars F. , Howard Scott C. , Ai ChinEn , Flayhart Diane C.
Published: December 2024

Background

Infections are a leading cause of death in patients with cancer, but the proportion and rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in hospitalized patients with cancer are not well understood.

Methods

This retrospective, cross‐sectional evaluation of AMR assessed hospitalized adult patients in 168 United States (US) healthcare facilities between April 2018 and December 2022. Nonduplicate, noncontaminant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria recovered from various samples (blood, respiratory, urine, etc.) were used to assess the rate of AMR pathogens per 1000 admissions and the proportion of AMR among bacterial isolates in patients with and without cancer.

Findings

Among 4,612,620 admissions, 6.4% (297,500) were of patients with cancer and 93.6% (4,315,120) were of patients without cancer. AMR pathogen rates were higher in cancer patients than patients without cancer for most pathogen groups, including vancomycin‐resistant enterococci with incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84, 2.07), extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) producers (IRR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.43, 1.53]), carbapenem‐nonsusceptible Enterobacterales (IRR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.32, 1.61]), and multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.18, 1.45]). The percentage of nonsusceptible isolates in most pathogen groups was lower in patients with versus without cancer except for ESBL producers among Enterobacterales (odds ratio (OR), 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07, 1.15]) and vancomycin resistance among enterococci (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.14, 1.30]), which were higher in cancer patients.

Conclusion

AMR rates for certain key pathogens were 1.5–2 times greater in hospitalized cancer patients compared to hospitalized noncancer patients. The increased AMR rate in cancer patients highlights the need for enhanced infection prevention and diagnostic stewardship efforts.
From Stimulus to Response: Understanding the Causes and Outcomes of Consumer Activism
Authors: Narayanan Sajith , Singh Guru Ashish
Published: December 2024

Consumers are increasingly taking up activism to modify, or at the very least, penalize a company's contentious behavior. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 404 studies on consumer activism published between 1975 and 2023, applying the extended stimulus‐organism‐response‐outcomes (S‐O‐R‐Om) framework. It investigates the underlying causes and significant outcomes of consumer activism. The results reveal how various factors such as political conditions, human rights violations, environmental degradation, religion, and consumer disregard stimulate internal evaluations of perceptual, physical, emotional, and philosophical activities in people. These evaluations often prompt consumers to respond via boycotts, anti‐brand activism, commodity activism, and even buycotts, all of which have varying consequences for different stakeholders. The findings suggest that consumer activism can serve as a powerful tool for societal change, shaping brand strategies and influencing business practices. These insights underscore the necessity for businesses to align their operations with the evolving values and expectations of their consumer base, emphasizing the critical role of ethics in consumer‐brand relationships. This research contributes to the understanding of modern consumer behavior by providing the Consumer Activism framework, which is based on the S‐O‐R‐Om framework. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving consumer activism and its significant implications for brand management and consumer behavior research. The study also identifies key research gaps in existing literature and offers a detailed set of recommendations to guide future research on the evolving dynamics of consumer activism.
OSMAC Investigation Directed by Genome Information Led to the Discovery of Additional Five Types of Secondary Metabolites From Deep‐Sea Derived Penicillium Sp. SCSIO sof101
Authors: Wang Songtao , Chen Ting , Yang Jiafan , Song Yongxiang , Yan Yan
Published: December 2024

Marine fungi are considered important resources for new lead compounds in One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) strategy. In particular, deep‐sea derived fungi have been deemed potent for novel bioactive structures due to their extreme living environment and evolution of special biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Chemical investigations of the deep‐sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101 led to the discovery of 5 types of 21 bioactive compounds, including the significant anti‐Gram‐negative bacterial compound sulfoxanthicillin. Bioinformatics analysis of the strain revealed 56 BGCs for the secondary metabolites. This information guided the further culture optimization, which led to the discovery of another five types of secondary metabolites (1–11), including one non‐ribosomal peptide and polyketide (NRP–PK) type compounds (1–3), which included a new compound (1), one NRP type compounds (4–5), and three PK types compounds (6–11). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectral analyses including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical derivatization approaches. Compound 1 was inactive in the evaluation of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. Its biosynthetic pathway was proposed. This finding paves the way for further mining of OSMAC potent from the deep‐sea derived strain.
Dynamic Synergistic Cooperation in the Pt‐Skin Au‐Core Catalyst During CO Oxidation
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Rajkamal Anand , Chatterjee Abhijit
Published: December 2024

We describe a new type of cooperative phenomenon, which we term as the dynamic synergistic cooperation, that can be found in the Pt‐skin Au‐core catalyst. The phenomenon entails three key aspects, namely, (i) a high catalytic activity at Au‐rich surface sites resulting from synergistic effect, (ii) ultrafast Au or Pt segregation effect driven by the mobile adsorbed species, like CO and O, and (iii) dynamic coupling between these two effects. The nature of the catalyst surface during the catalytic CO oxidation reaction (COR) is investigated using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) methods. The Pt‐skin Au (111) surface is shown to be composed of a transient patchwork of surface structures, some of which are Pt‐rich and others Au‐rich. These surface structures submerge/resurface at the subreaction timescales in response to the movement of the adsorbed species, which causes the nature of a catalytic site to change with time. The reaction turnover frequency (ToF) is among the emergent properties resulting from the cooperative phenomenon.
Inhibition of OATP1B1/3 Rather Than UGT1A1 May Be the Major Cause of the Bilirubin Elevation After Atazanavir Administration
Authors: Dong Jin , Sharma Pradeep , Emara Rasha , Cheung Derek , Tang Weifeng , Zhou Diansong , Boulton David W. , Någård Mats , Park Miki S.
Published: December 2024

Atazanavir has been reported to increase total serum bilirubin level up to ninefold. It is widely believed that the observed total bilirubin elevation is primarily due to UGT1A1 inhibition. However, UGT enzymes are well‐known as a low‐affinity and high‐capacity system, and the observed drug–drug interaction mediated by UGTs is usually less than twofold. There were discrepancies in the explanation of total bilirubin elevation due to UGT1A1 inhibition alone, suggesting the contribution of other mechanism(s) to the interaction. As atazanavir is a potent OATP1B1/3 inhibitor and the hepatic uptake of both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin are mediated by OATP1B1/3, these transporters could be involved in the bilirubin–atazanavir interaction. To better understand the roles of UGT1A1 and OATP1B1/3 in this interaction, it would be useful to characterize the contribution of each individual pathway to the interaction. As multiple compounds, pathways, and potentially UGT1A1 polymorphism are involved, a thorough physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) analysis was utilized to integrate the information from various relevant in vitro and clinical studies to quantitatively estimate the contribution of UGT1A1 and OATP1B1/3 inhibition to the interaction between bilirubin and atazanavir. The PBPK analysis indicated that UGT1A1 inhibition plays a modest role in bilirubin and atazanavir interaction contributing less than 33%. The results also suggested that unconjugated bilirubin is less sensitive than raltegravir upon UGT1A1 inhibition, therefore, unconjugated bilirubin may not be a useful endogenous biomarker for UGT1A1 inhibition. The analysis demonstrated that the metabolism of unconjugated bilirubin shares common features of other UGT enzyme‐mediated reactions.
Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method to assess relative resistance of winter wheat to dwarf bunt at early growth stages
Authors: Yimer Belayneh A. , Patterson Rachel , Krause Margaret R. , Marshall Juliet
Published: December 2024

Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa, is a major biotic constraint and grain contaminant in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The conventional approach for evaluating dwarf bunt resistance in wheat cannot be conducted until maturity. Hence, there is a need to develop a method to determine host resistance at an earlier growth stage. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for the quantification of T. controversa biomass in wheat plants that correlates fungal DNA (fDNA) content in the host tissue with host resistance. A previously developed pathogen primer–probe set and host primer pairs as well as a new host probe were used in this study. The respective primer–probe sets were specific to T. controversa and wheat, respectively. The qPCR assay amplified as little as 0.05 pg of fDNA. The assay was validated in field evaluations conducted in a dwarf bunt nursery in Logan, UT, using susceptible and resistant wheat varieties. The assay detected fDNA in both susceptible varieties at all growth stages. In the resistant varieties, fDNA was detected in the first leaves of all varieties, but only a single plant of the resistant variety Juniper exhibited fDNA at the third leaf stage. There was no fDNA detection in plants beyond the third leaf in any of the resistant varieties. These results established the proof of concept that the qPCR technique is rapid, highly sensitive, and easily applicable for the evaluation of dwarf bunt resistance in wheat at an earlier growth stage and may significantly reduce the time required to develop resistant varieties compared to the conventional method.
BC204, a citrus‐based plant extract, stimulates plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum through regulation and signaling
Authors: Loubser J. , Le Maitre N. C. , Claassens A. P. , Coetzee B. , Kossmann J. , Hills P. N.
Published: December 2024

BC204 is a citrus‐based plant extract applied as a plant biostimulant on a variety of plant species in South Africa, China, and Australia. Although there are reports that it elicits physiological responses such as an increase in crop yield, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and fruit quality, no molecular data are available to explain the specific mechanisms underlying these effects. In this study, an RNA sequencing approach was adopted to elucidate the effects of BC204 at the molecular level in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. BC204, applied via either a 0.01% (v/v) soil drench to A. thaliana or a 0.05% (v/v) foliar spray to S. lycopersicum, stimulated above‐ground biomass production whilst eliciting a large change in gene expression levels across several primary and secondary biochemical pathways in shoot tissues. Of the entire transcriptomic profile examined, 8.212% of genes were significantly differentially expressed between the treated and control groups in A. thaliana and 18.059% of genes for S. lycopersicum. Most notably, genes involved in photosynthesis, several aspects of cell wall biogenesis, remodeling and restructuring, carbohydrate metabolism, signaling, stress, and secondary metabolism were upregulated, which could explain the observed increase in plant growth. Little correlation in types of gene and pathway induction was observed between the two model organisms. Genes related to transcription and RNA regulation were both strongly up‐ and downregulated, which suggests that BC204 plays a role in inducing and suppressing several pathways. This novel study provides valuable information to be used as a starting point for targeted future research and identifying new targets for enhanced plant growth and vigor.
Forage production in tall fescue and kikuyugrass mixed swards subjected to different defoliation strategies
Authors: Winter Fábio L. , Pittaro Maria G. , Schmitt Daniel , Moncada Valentina Y. M. , de Mello Guilherme R. , Miqueloto Tiago , Bernardon Angela , Barreta Daniel A. , Garzón‐Camacho Pedro A. , Sbrissia André F.
Published: December 2024

In some temperate climate regions, co‐cultivation of warm‐ and cool‐season perennial grass species represents a promising alternative for sustainable food production. However, managing these pastures is challenging, particularly because of intra‐annual competition, which can lead to some species suppressing others. This 3‐year study investigated the effects of different defoliation strategies on mixed pastures composed of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceum Schreb; Tf) and kikuyugrass (Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov; Ky). Treatments were factorial combinations (two × two) of pre‐grazing canopy heights (15 and 20 cm) and the presence or absence of a single clean‐up grazing event during the spring (SCG). Pre‐grazing canopy height and SCG significantly influenced annual forage accumulation (p < 0.05), but there was no interaction between them (p > 0.05). Swards managed at 20 cm or subjected to SCG presented a 10% greater forage production (approximately 15,432 kg DM ha−1) than those managed at 15 cm or without SCG (14,067 kg DM ha−1). All the treatments presented higher intra‐ and inter‐annual stability in forage production (<30% coefficient of variation). The greater annual forage accumulation was mostly attributed to increments in Tf leaf area index and Ky tiller population density over the seasons. Our study demonstrated that in a mixed sward of warm‐ and cool‐season perennial grasses, both the pre‐grazing canopy height and the presence of an SCG influence year‐round forage production by changing their canopy attributes.
The relationship between anticholinergic burden and frailty in the year preceding a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Wyman‐Chick Kathryn A. , Barrett Matthew J. , Miller Michael J. , Sargent Lana , Chrenka Ella A. B. , Kane Joseph P. M. , Crowley Samuel J. , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Parashos Sotirios A. , Schousboe John T. , Nguyen Huong , Werner Ann M. , Rossom Rebecca C.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Little is known regarding the relationship between anticholinergic medications and frailty in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

METHODS

Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) and Claims‐based Frailty Index scores were calculated for 12 months prior to the dementia diagnosis using electronic medical record and claims data. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ACB and odds of frailty.

RESULTS

Compared to controls (n = 525), a diagnosis of DLB (n = 175; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 15.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0–33.9) or Alzheimer's disease (AD: n = 525; aOR = 7.7, 95% CI: 4.4–13.7) was associated with an increased odds of frailty. Patients with DLB had greater prescriptions for anticholinergic medications than patients with AD (pB < 0.001; 23%  vs 9.7%). ACB was positively correlated with frailty for all groups (r = 0.30 to 0.47, p < 0.001).

DISCUSSION

Cumulative anticholinergic burden may be a modifiable predictor of frailty among older adults, including those newly diagnosed with dementia.

Highlights

Patients with newly diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are more likely to have prescriptions for anticholinergic medications relative to patients newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and older adults without documented cognitive impairment.

In the year prior to a documented dementia diagnosis, 74% of patients with DLB and 66% of patients with AD had evidence of frailty.

Anticholinergic medication burden was associated with frailty among all older adults in the study, including those without a dementia diagnosis.
An Improved GC–MS/MS Method for a Fast Multidrug Analysis in Hair
Authors: Zhang HuiFen Hannah , Loh Jia Ying Hilda , Moy Hooi Yan , Lui Chi Pang
Published: December 2024

This study presents the development and validation of a drug testing method in hair, employing a semi‐automated sample preparation procedure and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) for simultaneous multidrug analysis in hair. The method aims to detect and quantify multiple drugs in hair, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, norketamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and 6‐monoacetylmorphine, using a comprehensive procedure involving decontamination, pulverization, clean‐up using supported‐liquid extraction (SLE) and a two‐step derivatization process. The method validation included specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, carryover, robustness and stability. The results indicate a linearity range of 0.1–5 ng/mg for all drugs except methamphetamine, which has a linearity range of 0.2–5 ng/mg. The accuracy and precision of the method are within ±20%, with the LOQ at 0.2 ng/mg for methamphetamine, 0.1 ng/mg for amphetamine and MDMA and 0.05 ng/mg for the rest of the drugs. The LODs were found to be 0.1 ng/mg for methamphetamine, 0.05 ng/mg for amphetamine and MDMA and 0.025 ng/mg for other drugs. This method has demonstrated its accuracy by comparing the quantitative test results with the expected results, using hair samples from the proficiency test service providers. This test method offers efficient testing of multiple drugs in a single analysis, significantly improves the hair analysis workflow in a routine testing laboratory by reducing turnaround time and the amount of hair sample required.
Iodine‐Assisted Regioselective C3‐H Chalcogenation of 4‐Phenyl Aminocoumarin: Access to Unusual Dual Selenylation of N‐Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Singh Sahay Suhag , Rahaman Segufa , Das Rwishanya , Dey Swapan
Published: December 2024

A simple, efficient, metal and photocatalyst‐free, eco‐friendly approach for the C3‐H regioselective chalcogenation of 4‐phenyl aminocoumarin, as well as abnormal dual selenylation of N‐substituted 4‐phenyl aminocoumarin, has been developed by using diphenyl dichalcogenides and iodine as support in green solvent PEG‐400 under ambient temperature and aerobic condition. Furthermore, chalcogenation of 4‐phenyl amino‐2‐pyrone has also been accomplished in similar conditions. The proposed mechanism is based on the control experiments and suggests an ionic pathway. The reaction offers a green synthetic path with a high yield, and the methodology is crucially significant due to its operational simplicity, convenient execution, scalability, and tolerance of various functional groups.
Palladium (II)‐NNN Pincer Complex Embedded Carbon Felt Electrode for High‐Performance Symmetrical Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Gümrükçü Selin , Kaplan Ekrem , Arvas Melih Beşir , Koçyiğit Nilüfer , Özçeşmeci Mukaddes , Şahin Yücel , Özçeşmeci İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Pincer‐type ligands are coated on the carbon felt (CF) surface in one step via the electrodeposition method, and their use as supercapacitor electrode materials is reported for the first time in this research study. Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and mapping, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the bis(pyridyl) iminoisoindoline (BPI) derivates/CF electrodes. The galvanostatic charge–discharge study indicates that the calculated specific capacitance (Cs) of the PdBPI/CF electrode is 271.2 F g−1 at 1.0 mA current. The symmetrical supercapacitor has a high capacitance retention of up to 80.6% after 10 000 cycles, showing extended cycle life and strong electrochemical stability. The highest energy and power density values obtained for the PdBPI/CF symmetric supercapacitor are calculated to be 25.9 Wh kg−1 and 981.8 W kg−1, respectively.
High‐Sulfur‐Loading Gel Cathode Employing a Self‐Supporting Composite Matrix for Lithium‐Polysulfide Batteries
Authors: Li Cong , Yuan Yan , Li Zhengqian , Kong Yaxin , Lu Hai
Published: December 2024

Aimed at the application drawbacks of lithium‐polysulfide semiflow battery involved with low utilization of active material and inevitable shuttle effect, a self‐supporting porous substrate characterized by high porosity and outstanding conductivity is developed in this study, which consists of cotton‐derived nanofiber and graphene wrapped on the nanofiber. Then a gelable polymer poly‐(vinylidenefluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) is further integrated into the porous substrate for fabricating novel PS gel cathode. The as‐prepared composite matrix possesses strong PS adsorption/loading ability by gelation as well as favorable electron/ion transport pathway, which not only provides effective restriction toward PS migration and shuttle, but also actualizes rapid redox conversion of the localized active species. Consequently, the resultant PS gel cathode demonstrates high reversible capacity, and excellent cycle and rate capability even at a high sulfur loading up to 9.0 mg cm−2.
Abscisic acid improves the phytoremediation ability of the aquatic accumulator plant Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in cadmium‐contaminated soil
Authors: Peng Xuemei , Xiao Yunying , Tang Wanjia , Dai Zhen , Zhang Dilian , Zheng Yangxia , Lin Lijin
Published: December 2024

Previous studies report significant contamination of farmland soil by cadmium (Cd). Cd contamination increases the risk of diseases after consumption of grain crops with high Cd levels. Hyperaccumulators or accumulators have been widely used to bioremediate Cd‐contaminated farmland soil. Studies report that aquatic hyperaccumulators or accumulators are rarely used in phytoremediation, or their phytoremediation efficiencies are low. A pot experiment was carried out to explore the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on the Cd accumulation (phytoremediation) of emerged aquatic accumulator plant Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Abscisic acid application increased the shoot biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and soluble protein content of N. officinale under Cd‐contamination condition. The application of ABA at 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in N. officinale. The application of ABA also increased the shoot Cd content and shoot Cd extraction of N. officinale. The application of ABA at 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L increased the shoot Cd extraction by 11.65%, 25.27%, 37.91%, and 58.52%, respectively, compared with the control. In addition, ABA concentration had a linear regression relationship with the root biomass, shoot biomass, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction. Correlation, gray relational, and path analyses showed that the root biomass, shoot biomass, root Cd extraction, root Cd content, POD activity, SOD activity, and soluble protein content were significantly associated with the shoot Cd extraction. These findings indicate that ABA application can improve the phytoremediation ability of N. officinale under Cd‐contaminated flooded fields.
Efficient adsorptive removal of two anionic dyes (methyl orange and methyl red) with MOF‐525: Adsorption isotherms and kinetics studies
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Yang Qiang , Wang Renjuan , Chen Qi , Kong Yun
Published: December 2024

Adsorption is widely used to remove anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater because of its economical and high efficiency. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), as a kind of adsorbent, have attracted great attention due to the large surface area, adjustable pore size, and high stability. In this study, a Zr‐MOF, named MOF‐525, was synthesized by using solvothermal method, and the adsorption performances of MOF‐525 on two anionic dyes (methyl orange, MO and methyl red, MR) were investigated. Results showed that the obtained MOF‐525, with the specific surface area of 2,613.91 m2 g−1, the total pore volume of 1.20 cm3 g−1, and the average pore size of 1.84 nm, exhibited high adsorption capacities for both MO and MR. The optimal pH value for MO and MR adsorption were 3.0 and 4.0, with the adsorption capacity of 854.30 and 629.67 mg g−1, respectively; in addition, the adsorption capacities for both MR and MO were increased with the increasing of SO42− concentration. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics results indicated the pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir (as well as Freundlich) could describe the adsorption processes of MOF‐525 well, and the adsorption processes for both MO and MR were spontaneous exothermic reactions. Besides, the reusability experiment demonstrated that MOF‐525 had significant adsorption capacity and good reusability for MR. In conclusion, the possible adsorption mechanisms of anionic dyes by MOF‐525 involved hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and π‐π interaction. These results illustrated that MOF‐525 might be a potential adsorption material for anionic dyes removal from wastewater.
Binge Eating Behaviour Before and 10 Years Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Reas Deborah Lynn , Lie Selma Øverland , Mala Tom , Lundin Kvalem Ingela
Published: December 2024

Objective

Little is known about the longer‐term maintenance, remission, or development of binge eating behaviour (BE) following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This brief report investigated BE prior to and 10 years following MBS and examined mental health and weight outcomes between BE groups (never BE, continued BE, remitted BE, or developed ‘de novo’ BE).

Method

One hundred and eighty‐three participants (76.1% females) with a mean age of 44.8 (± 9.5) years and mean BMI of 42.9 kg/m2 (± 5.4) were assessed before and 10 years following MBS (94.0% Roux‐n‐Y).

Results

At 10 years, 48% had never engaged in BE, 27.9% had remitted, 15.8% had continued BE, and 8.2% reported de novo BE. Individuals who continued BE were younger, reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, and had regained more weight. Individuals who continued or developed de novo BE reported higher levels of post‐surgical repetitive eating behaviour and were more likely to regain ≥ 25% of maximum weight lost.

Conclusions

Approximately 25% of the sample reported post‐operative BE a decade following MBS, including 8.2% de novo cases. Individuals who engaged in post‐operative BE demonstrated significantly worse mental health and weight outcomes, especially those with a lifetime history who continued to engage in BE after 10 years. Findings provide nuance to the existing literature and underscore the value of assessing BE at pre‐ and post‐surgery.
Nutritional, Nutraceutical, and Medicinal Potential of Cantharellus cibarius Fr.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Devi Reema , Dhalaria Rajni , Tapwal Ashwani , Verma Rachna , Rashid Summya , Elossaily Gehan M. , Khan Khalid Ali , Chen Kow‐Tong , Verma Tarun
Published: December 2024

Mushrooms are considered as nutraceutical foods that can effectively prevent diseases such as cancer and other serious life‐threatening conditions include neurodegeneration, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The Cantharellus cibarius, also known as the “Golden chanterelle” or “Golden girolle,” is a significant wild edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom. It is renowned for its delicious, apricot‐like aroma and is highly valued in various culinary traditions worldwide. It is well known for its nutritional, nutraceutical, and therapeutic properties. The high nutritional value of C. cibarius is attributed to its abundant carbohydrates, proteins, β‐glucans, dietary fiber, and low‐fat content. It also contains medicinal polysaccharides (β‐glucans), proteins (lectins and selenoproteins), important fatty acids (linoleic and omega‐6), vitamins, and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, Ag, Se, etc.). The sporocarp of C. cibarius contains a diverse array of bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, sterols, fatty acids, organic acids, indole groups, carbohydrates, vitamins (tocopherols), amino acids, enzymes, bioelements, carotenoids, and 5ˊ‐nucleotides. C. cibarius has a wide array of biological properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antihypoxia, antihyperglycemic, wound‐healing, cytotoxic, and iron‐chelating activity. Thus, the present review gives an overview of C. cibarius, covering its chemical composition, ecological significance, postharvest preservation strategies, and potential applications in dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. It also dives into the etymology, taxonomy, and global distribution of the renowned “Golden Chanterelle.” Furthermore, there is a need to valorize waste materials created during production and processing, as well as to acquire a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds in mushrooms.
Foreign competition and business diversification options
Authors: Drori Netanel , Andrews Daniel S. , Fainshmidt Stav , Xu Le
Published: December 2024

Research Summary

We examine reallocation in a firm's business portfolio amid foreign competition in its primary business. We argue that firms will tend to exit unrelated industries and reallocate resources to related ones, reducing option breadth but increasing the value of narrower options due to synergies that contribute to building defensive moats against encroachment by foreign competition. This sequential process is strengthened among firms with greater absorptive capacity who are especially adept at identifying these changes and reallocation opportunities. Data on 2,582 US firms from 1997 to 2019 provide support for these arguments. Our study advances scholarly understanding of real options under uncertainty. It introduces the option of “flight to nearby places,” demonstrating how firms may seek to maintain competitiveness in the face of foreign competition.

Managerial Summary

As firms manage heightened foreign competition in their primary business, research suggests that reallocating resources within corporate portfolios is critical for maintaining competitiveness. In this context, we propose that firms are likely to streamline operations by exiting unrelated industries and reinforcing related ones. This move narrows options but can drive synergies and enhance the efficacy of defensive strategies against foreign competition. Data from 2,582 US firms provide insights for managers, emphasizing the importance of both option breadth and complementarity among options. Considering the challenges of managing increasingly competitive global markets, we show how firms may convert pressures into nearby opportunities to build defensive moats and maintain competitiveness.
Adenomyosis, especially in its focal nature, hampers implantation and live birth rate after single euploid embryo transfer
Authors: Trinchant Rafael , Cruz María , Requena Antonio , García‐Velasco Juan Antonio
Published: December 2024

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to assess if uterine adenomyosis impacts live birth rate per euploid embryo transfer. The secondary objectives included addressing obstetric and perinatal outcomes in the study group.

Methods

This was a multicenter and retrospective cohort study in which 228 patients diagnosed with adenomyosis undergoing single euploid embryo transfer between 2016 and June 2023 were included and matched on 1:1 ratio to control patients without ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria for adenomyosis.

Results

A significant higher live birth rate per embryo transfer was observed in controls compared to women with adenomyosis: 107/228 (46.9%) versus 56/228 (24.6%), respectively (odds ratio (OR) = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73–4.13, p < 0.001). When dividing adenomyotic patients regarding the nature of the disease, a higher live birth rate per transfer was described in diffuse adenomyosis compared to focal adenomyosis: 47/166 (28.3%) versus 9/62 (15%), respectively (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.03–5.78, p = 0.034). Described differences were constant even when correcting for multiple variables. There was no statistically significant difference in childbirth delivery method (vaginal vs. cesarean section) between the adenomyosis and control groups. Mean gestational age at the time of delivery, newborn size and weight, and incidences of low birth weight, preterm birth, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit did not differ between the two groups. In addition, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and perinatal outcomes were similar in patients with diffuse compared with focal adenomyosis.

Conclusion

Adenomyosis, especially focal adenomyosis, affects clinical but may not affect perinatal outcomes after single euploid embryo transfer.
The impact of pharmacogenomics on a pharmacy and therapeutic committee's formulary system management: An opinion of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics/pharmacogenomics practice and Research Network for the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Brown Jacob T. , Goldwire Miki , Massmann Amanda , Van Heukelom Joel , Pasternak Amy , Petry Natasha , Paetznick Courtney , Cavallari Larisa H.
Published: December 2024

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) considerations are increasingly influencing health system formularies, prompting Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) committees to integrate genetic insights into their decision‐making processes. This can be the case in several clinical scenarios, including (1) Prioritizing the use of lower‐cost drugs, where PGx testing is applied to guide the use of lower‐cost medications when appropriate, (2) Rescuing medications that are effective in the majority of individuals but were removed from the formulary because of harm in a subset of individuals with a specific phenotype, (3) Improving medication safety by utilizing PGx testing/results to guide initiation of reduced drug doses or use of alternative therapy in patients with at‐risk genotypes, and (4) Restricting use of high‐cost drugs to individuals most likely to respond based on genotype. The primary objective of this PRN opinion piece is to describe how PGx impacts formulary management, including the challenges and opportunities that arise from precision medicine approaches to prescribing.
Intrauterine Testicular Torsion: Two Prenatally Diagnosed Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lituania Mario , Sepulveda Waldo , Tonni Gabriele
Published: December 2024

The third‐trimester ultrasound diagnosis in two fetuses with isolated testicular torsion is described. Pregnancy courses were uneventful and routine second‐trimester scans had shown no structural anomalies. Antenatal ultrasound performed at 32 + 3 and 33 + 0 weeks' gestation showed signs consistent with the diagnosis of isolated left spermatic cord torsion in both cases (absent flow across the testicular artery, hyperechogenic small rounded mass in the hemiscrotum representing the twisted testes, and hydrocele). Although testicular torsion may occasionally occur in utero, these acute events have been scanty reported in the prenatal literature. As a consequence of the ischemic injury, the rate of salvage of the affected testis is extremely low.
Environmental impacts of land application of biosolids to perennial pastures
Authors: Vieira‐Filho Leandro O. , Silveira Maria L. , Sanchez Joao M. D. , Kohmann Marta M. , Ricken Ester C.
Published: December 2024

Land application of biosolids to pastures confers multiple agronomic and environmental benefits, particularly in coarse‐textured soils with low nutrient and organic matter levels. However, concerns over potential water quality have led to more stringent regulations that will limit beneficial reuse of biosolids in Florida. This 3‐year field study evaluated the impacts of biosolids application strategies on N and P leaching losses, and soil P availability in an established bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) pasture. Treatments consisted of 2 P sources (biosolids and inorganic fertilizer) applied at 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg total P ha−1. Inorganic fertilizer treatments received the same N loads as the corresponding biosolids treatments. Biosolids and inorganic fertilizer increased in situ soil P availability and pore‐water P concentrations relative to the control. Pore‐water P concentrations increased linearly with P rate with the greatest values generally associated with inorganic fertilizer. Relatively low leachate P concentrations (below the detection limit of 0.025 mg L−1 in 596 out of 777 samples) observed in the current study indicates minimum P offsite movement risk regardless of the P management strategy. Annual P mass leached was not affected by treatments; however, inorganic fertilizer resulted in modest but significant greater annual NO3‐N mass leached than the other treatments. Lack of biosolids application rate effect on P and N leaching losses indicates that reduction in biosolids imposed by new state regulation will likely have no positive impact on water quality. Data demonstrated that, when properly managed, biosolids can be an environmentally sound fertilizer source for pastures.
Ultrasonographic Features of the Fallopian Tubes
Authors: Colombi Irene , Perelli Federica , Pisaneschi Silvia , Riccio Marco , Ginetti Alessandro , Cannoni Alberto , Zupi Errico , Mattei Alberto , Lazzeri Lucia
Published: December 2024

Fallopian tubes are not usually visible on a transvaginal pelvic scan unless pelvic fluid or pathological processes are present. Depending on the underlying pathological process, they may exhibit different wall thicknesses, grades of vascularization, and variable echogenicity. Recognizing the affected tube and assessing the possible underlying process is of primary importance in clinical practice, as pathological tubes may represent benign pathologies, oncological state, or life‐threatening conditions requiring different treatment to preserve fertility. The aim of this pictorial review is to describe the main characteristics of the most common tubal pathologies to help clinicians recognize them.
Deubiquitinases as novel therapeutic targets for diseases
Authors: Xian Yali , Ye Jing , Tang Yu , Zhang Nan , Peng Cheng , Huang Wei , He Gu
Published: December 2024

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate substrate ubiquitination by removing ubiquitin or cleaving within ubiquitin chains, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Approximately 100 DUBs in humans counteract E3 ubiquitin ligases, finely balancing ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes to maintain cellular proteostasis and respond to various stimuli and stresses. Given their role in modulating ubiquitination levels of various substrates, DUBs are increasingly linked to human health and disease. Here, we review the DUB family, highlighting their distinctive structural characteristics and chain‐type specificities. We show that DUB family members regulate key signaling pathways, such as NF‐κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK, and play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and other diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and developmental diseases), making them promising therapeutic targets Our review also discusses the challenges in developing DUB inhibitors and underscores the critical role of the DUBs in cellular signaling and cancer. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the complex biological functions of the DUBs and underscores their therapeutic potential.
Accuracy verification of protoacoustic measurements in a heterogeneous phantom by an optical hydrophone
Authors: Chen Ye , Kasamatsu Koki , Kuriyama Yasutoshi , Uesugi Tomonori , Ishi Yoshihiro , Murakami Taichi , Hidani Sena , Caulfield Michael , Unlu Mehmet Burcin , Rohringer Wolfgang , Matsuura Taeko
Published: December 2024

Background

Protoacoustics has emerged as a promising real‐time range measurement method for proton therapy. Optical hydrophones (OHs) are considered suitable to detect protoacoustic waves owing to their ultracompact size and high sensitivity. In our previous research, we demonstrated that the time‐of‐arrival (TOA) measured by an OH showed good agreement with the simulated ground truth in a homogeneous medium.

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to experimentally evaluate the accuracy of the TOA and compression peak pressures detected by the OH. Protoacoustic waves that undergo the typical distortions occurring in the human body were investigated. In such cases, the use of small detectors such as OHs is desirable to minimize the effects of detector size and directivity.

Methods

A 100‐MeV proton pencil beam emitted from a fixed‐field alternating gradient accelerator was irradiated onto a homogeneous water phantom and a water phantom with a half‐ or full‐sized silicone plate downstream of the Bragg peak (BP) or a bone plate that covered half of the beam cross‐section in the beam path. The OH was shifted 70 mm laterally across the beam axis downstream of the BP to measure the protoacoustic waves. The k‐WAVE acoustic wave transport simulation was employed as the ground truth. The TOA and the first compression peak pressures were compared between the simulation and experiment.

Results

The TOA deviation against the ground truth was primarily attributed to alignment errors of the measurement devices and phantoms, with deviations of < 1 mm. The peak pressure distribution closely resembled the ground truth, with FWHM differences of 0.0%–3.0% for the tested geometries.

Conclusion

The OH was able to determine the TOA and peak pressures with sufficient accuracy in heterogeneous phantoms, even without considering the effect of the size of the detector or directivity on the measurements.
T1 and T2 measurements of the neonatal brain at 7 T
Authors: Mahmoud Aiman , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Leitão David , Bridgen Philippa , Price Anthony N. , Uus Alena , Boutillon Arnaud , Lawrence Andrew J. , Cromb Daniel , Cawley Paul , Deprez Maria , De Vita Enrico , Giles Sharon L. , Rutherford Mary A. , Edwards A. David , Hajnal Joseph V. , Arichi Tomoki , Malik Shaihan J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To determine the expected range of NMR relaxation times (T1 and T2) in the neonatal brain at 7 T.

Methods

Data were acquired in a total of 40 examinations on infants in natural sleep. The cohort included 34 unique subjects with postmenstrual age range between 33 and 52 weeks and contained a mix of healthy individuals and those with clinical concerns. Single‐slice T1 and T2 mapping protocols were used to provide measurements in white matter, cortex, cerebellum, and deep gray matter. Automatic image segmentation of a separate T2‐weighted brain volume was used to define regions of interest for analysis.

Results

Linear regression was used to estimate relaxation times at term equivalent age (40 weeks postmenstrual age). with 95% confidence intervals was measured to be 2933 [2893, 2972] ms in white matter; 2653 [2604, 2701] ms in cerebellum; and 2486 [2439, 2532] ms in basal ganglia. was estimated as 119 [116, 121] ms in white matter, 99 [96, 102] ms in cerebellum, and 90 [89, 92] ms in basal ganglia. Most tissue‐relaxation times showed a significant negative correlation with postmenstrual age, with the strongest correlation seen in cerebellum.

Conclusions

We describe neonatal brain tissue and age‐specific T1 and T2 relaxation values at 7 T. The presented values differ substantially from both adult values at 7 T and neonate values measured at lower field strengths, and will be essential for pulse‐sequence optimization for neonatal studies.
Non‐Hospitalized Patients With Post‐COVID Condition and Myopathic Electromyography Findings Show no Difference in Symptom Severity and Clinical Manifestations Compared to Those Without Myopathic Findings
Authors: Sepic Atif , Tryfonos Andrea , Rundqvist Helene , Lundberg Tommy R. , Gustafsson Thomas , Pourhamidi Kaveh
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a post‐infectious syndrome designated as long‐COVID or post‐COVID condition (PCC) that presents with numerous symptoms including fatigue and myalgias. This study evaluated myopathic electromyography (EMG) findings in non‐hospitalized PCC patients in relation to symptom severity, quality of life (QoL), and physical function.

Methods

Twenty‐nine PCC patients with persistent symptoms ≥ 3 months after laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, without hospitalization or comorbidities, were included. EMG, nerve conduction studies (NCS), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. Symptom severity was measured with visual analog scales, QoL with validated questionnaires, and physical function with the 6‐min walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, handgrip strength, and isokinetic dynamometry.

Results

Myopathic findings on EMG were present in 62% of PCC patients (n = 18). Symptom severity (muscle pain and fatigue) and QoL (physical function and fatigue) were similar between patients with and without myopathic EMG findings. The 6‐min walk test (457 ± 81 vs. 459 ± 86 m) and peak VO2 (29 ± 9 vs. 28 ± 6 mL/kg/min) were similar between patients with and without myopathic EMG findings. Handgrip strength (32 [29–43] vs. 33 [29–50] kg) and quadriceps muscle strength (136 [111–191] vs. 136 [114–184] Nm) were comparable between the groups. NCS and QST results were normal in all patients.

Discussion

Myopathic findings on EMG are common in PCC patients, but no significant differences in symptom severity, QoL, or physical function were found between those with and without myopathic EMG findings. Myopathic EMG changes in PCC patients should be interpreted with caution, considering the overall clinical context.