bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fidelity or love the one you're with? Biotic complexity and tradeoffs can drive strategy and specificity in beetle‐fungus by‐product mutualisms
Authors: Six Diana L. , Biedermann Peter H. W.
Published: July 2023

By‐product mutualisms are ubiquitous yet seldom considered in models of mutualism. Most models represent conditional mutualisms that shift between mutualism and antagonism in response to shifts in costs and benefits resulting from changes in environmental quality. However, in by‐product mutualisms, benefits arise as a part of normal life processes that may be costly to produce but incur little‐to‐no additional costs in response to the interaction. Without costs associated with the interaction, they do not have antagonistic alternate states. Here, we present a conceptual model that differs from traditional conditional models in three ways: (1) partners exchange by‐product benefits, (2) interactions do not have alternate antagonistic states, and (3) tradeoffs are allowed among factors that influence environmental quality (rather than all factors that contribute to environmental quality being combined into a single gradient ranging from high to low). We applied this model to bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a diverse group that associates with fungi and that has repeatedly developed two distinct pathways to by‐product mutualism. We used independent axes for each major factor influencing environmental quality in these systems, including those that exhibit tradeoffs (tree defense and nutritional quality). For these symbioses, tradeoffs in these two factors are key to which mutualism pathway is taken.
Effects of septal myectomy on left atrial and left ventricular function in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ha Kyung Eun , Choi Kang‐Un , Lee Hee‐Jung , Gwak Seo‐Yeon , Kim Kyu , Cho Iksung , Hong Geu‐Ru , Ha Jong‐Won , Shim Chi Young
Published: July 2023

Aims

Mechanical function of the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV) has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We explore whether myocardial mechanical function can be improved by septal reduction therapy in symptomatic obstructive HCM.

Methods and results

Among 65 patients who underwent septal myectomy for symptomatic obstructive HCM from 2006 to 2022, 44 were analysed after excluding those who underwent simultaneous valve repair or replacement or maze operation. LA and LV functional variables including LA strain and LV global longitudinal strain were evaluated by two‐dimensional and speckle‐tracking echocardiography and compared before and 1 year after surgery. After septal myectomy, LA volume index (58.1 ± 18.3 vs. 45.3 ± 14.6 mL/m2, P = 0.001) decreased significantly. As LV end‐systolic dimension increased after surgery, the LV ejection fraction decreased (73.8 ± 6.7 vs. 62.9 ± 8.3%, P < 0.001). LA strain (24.4 ± 9.3 vs. 30.5 ± 13.6%, P = 0.004) improved after septal myectomy, but LV global longitudinal strain deteriorated (−12.6 ± 3.6 vs. −11.6 ± 4.3%, P = 0.033), mainly related to worsening non‐septal longitudinal strain (−14.4 ± 4.3 vs. −10.9 ± 8.4%, P = 0.005).

Conclusions

As haemodynamic loads due to LV outflow tract obstruction was relieved through surgical septal reduction therapy in patients with symptomatic obstructive HCM, there was a significant reduction in LA volume and restoration of LA mechanical dysfunction. However, LV mechanical dysfunction deteriorated even after surgical septal reduction therapy.
Thermal Storage: From Low‐to‐High‐Temperature Systems
Authors: Gamisch Sebastian , Kick Moritz , Klünder Franziska , Weiss Julius , Laurenz Eric , Haussmann Thomas
Published: July 2023

Different technologies of cold and heat storages are developed at Fraunhofer ISE. Herein, an overview of ongoing research for sensible and latent thermal energy storages is provided. Phase change emulsions are developed supported by molecular dynamic simulations. A narrow temperature range of the phase change is crucial for the applicability. By the simulations, a nucleation additive is identified that reduces supercooling by up to 9 K. The long‐term stability of phase change material is investigated by degradation experiments. Thermal cycling and ageing of materials at elevated temperature are applied. The change of melting enthalpy and characteristic temperatures are evaluated. Among erythritol, adipic acid, and myristic acid, the smallest degradation is observed for the latter. For sensible storage, the reduction of thermal oil by low‐cost filler materials and their compatibility is investigated at elevated temperature. It can be concluded that the materials are compatible up to 320 °C. At the component level, different macroencapsulations and immersed heat exchangers are tested for phase change materials. The investigated configurations achieve similar values of thermal power during (dis‐)charge. Compared to water as storage medium, the capacity increases by a factor of 2.2 and 4.1 for the macroencapsulation and the immersed heat exchanger, respectively.
Stay healthy under global warming: A review of wearable technology for thermoregulation
Authors: Wu Ronghui , Chen Ting‐Hsuan , Hsu Po‐Chun
Published: July 2023

Global warming has been affecting human health, including direct mortality and morbidity from extreme heat, storms, drought, and indirect infectious diseases. It is not only “global” but extremely “personal”—it is a matter of life and death for many of us. In this perspective, we propose the use of wearable technologies for localized personal thermoregulation as an innovative method to reduce the impact on health and enable wider adaptability to extreme thermal environments. The state‐of‐the‐art thermoregulation methods and wearable sensing technologies are summarized. In addition, the feasibility of thermoregulation technology in preventive medicine for promoting health under climate change is comprehensively discussed. Further, we provide an outlook on health‐oriented closed loop that can be achieved based on parallel thermoregulation and multiple data inputs from the physiological, environmental, and psychological cues, which could promote individuals and the public to better adapt to global warming.

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Improvement of melting performance in a longitudinal finned latent heat thermal energy storage unit
Authors: Ait Laasri Imad , Elmaazouzi Zakaria , Alami Mustapha El , Outzourhit Abdelkader , Bennouna El Ghali
Published: July 2023

This article presents an analysis and enhancement of the charging behavior of a double‐pipe LHTES unit with longitudinal fins for concentrated solar power applications using a finite element numerical analysis approach. The finite element approach is applied to this numerical analysis by using “COMSOL Multiphysics” software. The investigated LHTES system has an operating temperature range of 180°C‐300°C and uses “DelcoTerm Solar E 15” as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) with a eutectic inorganic mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate as the phase change material (PCM). While also taking into account the impact of the tube material and the number of fins, the primary goal of this study is to evaluate performance improvement by changing the thickness and number of fins in a linked manner without changing the storage unit capacity. The results show a maximal impact on thermal performance which decreased the melting time by 46% and the charging time by 49.6% for the configuration with a fin thickness of 1 mm, 27 longitudinal fins, an inner tube made of aluminum, and a mass flow rate of 60 kg/h.
Congestion aware reward based scheme based on delay tolerant networks for emergency evacuation in 6G‐based internet of things networks
Authors: Awan Khalid Mahmood , Tariq Madeeha , Qureshi Kashif Naseer , Newe Thomas , Jeon Gwanggil
Published: July 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) networks are based on advanced augmented reality‐based applications for better services. These advanced networks are always at threat due to different disasters in an urban congested environment. Delay tolerant networks is one of the well‐known solutions with various features. However, due to heavy data traffic, it suffered from congestion and selfish behavior issues. The existing solutions endeavored to mitigate selfishness and enforce nodes to cooperate which leads to congestion. The information concerning other nodes in the network is needed and to be maintained, stored, and shared. In this article, the issue of the occurrence of congestion while mitigating the selfish behavior of nodes is taken into account, especially for augmented reality (AR) and 6 G‐based IoT networks. This article proposes a credit‐based congestion aware reward‐based scheme for enforcing nodes to cooperate to refrain from selfishness. The load‐sharing technique handles the congestion in 6G/AR‐based IoT networks where the messages are shifted to low or non‐congested nodes rather than dropping them. Simulation results affirm the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of data delivery ratio, network overhead, energy consumption, and latency and outperform compare to the state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
User grouping and resource management in efficient NOMA‐OMA transmission scheme for infotainment message dissemination in VANETs
Authors: P Sreelakshmi , Keerthi Donuru , P P Deepthi
Published: July 2023

The data distribution for infotainment services at vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) has become a research hotspot in recent years. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is accepted as an enabling technology for 5G and beyond due to its improved spectral efficiency. In this work, we consider a VANET communication scenario where users have common data demands such as high‐density maps, local entertainment/shopping options or other popular media content. For such a scenario, we propose an efficient clustering scheme together with a hybrid NOMA‐OMA scheme for improved spectral and power efficiency. For this setup, we also develop an optimal bandwidth allocation strategy to improve the power efficiency further. We formulate a one dimensional nonlinear power minimization problem such that the bandwidth allocation for the system can be optimized. The complexity and optimality analysis of optimization algorithms used for power minimization are performed. The improved performance of the proposed scheme in terms of power efficiency, spectral efficiency and latency performance is showcased in comparison to conventional NOMA and OMA approaches.
Study on the key parameters of vehicle fires for the growth stage in road tunnels
Authors: Xu Pai , Zhu Daiqiang , Li Liangliang , Chen Kai , Lin Beibei , Li Linjie
Published: July 2023

As the golden period for evacuation and rescue in road tunnel fires, the fire growth stage is indispensable for security. The key parameters of this stage must be clearly defined, including the maximum heat release rate (HRR), growth time, and growth coefficient. Based on the squared model, the correlations between the key parameters are investigated according to the existing fire tests of vehicle‐related materials and actual vehicles or mock‐ups. The maximum HRR and the growth coefficient of different types of vehicles are obtained. The results show that the maximum HRR is linearly related to the growth coefficient in the fire tests of vehicle‐related materials. And it is logarithmically related in the fire tests of actual vehicles or mock‐ups. The growth coefficient and growth time represent the possibility of a disaster. The larger the growth coefficient is or the shorter the growth time is, the greater the possibility is. The maximum HRR in a fire is 2 ~ 10 MW for a car, 10 ~ 50 MW for a bus, and 50 ~ 200 MW for a heavy goods vehicle. The growth coefficient in a fire is 0.003 ~ 0.013 kW/s2 for a car, 0.05 ~ 0.15 kW/s2 for a bus, and 0.2 ~ 0.3 kW/s2 for a heavy goods vehicle. The corresponding fire growth types are slow and medium, fast, fast, and ultra‐fast, respectively. This study is beneficial for the establishment of the fire growth model and the setting of emergency response time.
Production of the probiotic dessert containing sprouted quinoa milk and evaluation of physicochemical and microbial properties during storage
Authors: Yarabbi Hanieh , Roshanak Sahar , Milani Elnaz
Published: July 2023

One of the challenges of the food industry is detecting the potential of novel non‐dairy food matrices to deliver probiotic bacteria to humans as cholesterol‐free products, suitable for people with lactose intolerance and sensitivity to dairy proteins. In this study, the possibility of adding sprouted quinoa milk (SQM) at 0%, 50%, and 100% levels in probiotic non‐dairy dessert containing native Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from camel milk was investigated. Physicochemical, functional, microbiological, color, texture, and organoleptic characteristics of probiotic dessert samples were evaluated during 1, 7, and 14 days of storage at 4°C. According to the results, fat, protein, carbohydrates, and ash increased significantly during germination (p < .05). With boosting the SQM levels in the probiotic desserts, the number of soluble solids increased, and the syneresis decreased significantly (p < .05). The simultaneous increase in SQM levels and time caused an increase in acidity and decreased the moisture content of the samples. As the storage time increased, the intensity of the syneresis also decreased. The brightness index in all samples containing SQM was lower than in the control sample. During storage, the viable cell number of Lactobacillus plantarum in all samples decreased significantly. However, they were above the minimum required for FDA recommendation (6 log CFU g−1), varying from 4.6 × 108 CFU/mL to 4.3 × 107 CFU/mL for 50% SQM treatment. It was concluded that probiotic desserts containing SQM up to 50% could be properly presented in the market as gluten‐free and functional food products.
Long‐run intergenerational health benefits of women empowerment: Evidence from suffrage movements in the US
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Noghani Farzaneh
Published: July 2023

An ongoing body of research documents that women empowerment is associated with improved outcomes for children. However, little is known about the long‐run effects on health outcomes. This paper adds to this literature and studies the association between maternal exposure to suffrage reforms and children's old‐age longevity. We utilize changes in suffrage laws across US states and over time as a source of incentivizing maternal investment in children's health and education. Using the universe of death records in the US over the years 1979–2020 and implementing a difference‐in‐difference econometric framework, we find that cohorts exposed to suffrage throughout their childhood live 0.6 years longer than unexposed cohorts. Furthermore, we show that these effects are not driven by preexisting trends in longevity, endogenous migration, selective fertility, and changes in the demographic composition of the sample. Additional analysis reveals that improvements in education and income are candidate mechanisms. Moreover, we find substantial improvements in early‐adulthood socioeconomic standing, height, and height‐for‐age outcomes due to childhood exposure to suffrage movements. A series of state‐level analyses suggest reductions in infant and child mortality following suffrage law change. We also find evidence that counties in states that passed the law experienced new openings of County Health Departments and increases in physicians per capita.
Personalised therapy in follicular lymphoma – is the dial turning?
Authors: Linton Kim M. , Specht Lena , Pavlovsky Astrid , Thompson Carrie A. , Kimby Eva , de Jong Daphne , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Cottereau Anne‐Ségolène , Casulo Carla , Sarkozy Clémentine , Okosun Jessica
Published: July 2023

Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent lymphoma accounting for approximately 20%–25% of all new non‐Hodgkin lymphoma diagnoses in western countries. Whilst outcomes are mostly favorable, the spectrum of clinical phenotypes includes high‐risk groups with significantly inferior outcomes. This review discusses recent updates in risk stratification and treatment approaches from upfront treatment for limited and advanced stage follicular lymphoma to the growing options for relapsed, refractory disease with perspectives on how to approach this from a personalized lens. Notable gaps remain on how one can precisely and prospectively select optimal treatment for patients based on varying risks, with an anticipation that an increased understanding of the biology of these different phenotypes and increasing refinement of imaging‐ and biomarker‐based tools will, in time, allow these gaps to be closed.
The scholarly impact of diversity research
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H.
Published: July 2023

This study contributes to the diversity literature by probing whether diversity papers are cited as frequently as nondiversity papers in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology journals. Based on the stigma‐by‐association theory, I argue that as a result of their association with minority groups, diversity papers may be devalued and thus “othered” by scholars. Using a citation analysis of 46,930 papers published in 29 peer‐reviewed management and I/O psychology journals, I present empirical evidence in Study 1 that diversity papers were cited significantly less frequently than nondiversity papers. The authors' gender and institutional prestige, journal tier and domain, and year of publication were not moderators. In Study 2, I used a scenario experiment to demonstrate the stigma‐by‐association effect. The authors' gender demonstrated a significant moderating effect in this experiment.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of acupoints on respiratory outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with moderate pulmonary involvement: A parallel randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shahdad Amin , Fadaee Aghdam Nasrin , Goli Shahrbanoo , Binesh Ehsan , Nourian Javad , Khajeh Mahboobeh
Published: July 2023

Background and aims

Experiencing respiratory symptoms, especially dyspnea and decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2) level in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with increased mortality. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of acupoints (Acu‐TENS) on the respiratory outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with moderate pulmonary involvement.

Methods

In these three‐blind parallel randomized clinical trials, 84 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to a referral hospital were selected by the convenience sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to Acu‐TENS (n = 42) and control (n = 42) groups. The Acu‐TENS group received Acu‐TENS over the EX‐B1 (Dingchuan) acupuncture point for 45 min for four consecutive days, while participants in the control group received no intervention. Participants' respiratory outcomes, including oxygen saturation, vital signs, and the severity of dyspnea, were evaluated before and after each intervention on four consecutive days. In addition, the need for mechanical ventilation on Days 4, 8, and 12 and the disease's outcome (death or survival) were recorded in SPSS software version 16, and finally, data were analyzed using an independent samplest‐test.

Results

SpO2, the number of patients without the need for mechanical ventilation, and patient survival after the intervention were significantly higher in the Acu‐TENS group compared with the control group (<0.001). However, respiratory rate, heart rate, and the severity of dyspnea after the intervention were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of Acu‐TENS could improve SpO2as a respiratory outcome of patients with COVID‐19 with moderate pulmonary involvement and it can be used as a therapeutic intervention.
Predictors of mortality and clinical outcomes following implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy in elderly patients: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Malekrah Alireza , Shafiee Akbar , Heidari Amirhossein , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali , Bozorgi Ali , Sadeghian Saeed , Yaminisharif Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Background and aims

Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are frequently used to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with high‐risk arrhythmias. However, the use of ICD therapy in elderly patients beyond the predicted age of life expectancy is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of mortality and clinical outcomes following ICD implantation in elderly patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 145 elderly patients aged 72 years and older who received ICD implantation between January 2010 and August 2015. We collected and analyzed baseline data, including clinical, demographic, and medical history, the reason for ICD therapy, procedural data, and echocardiography results. Follow‐up data included the development of complications and mortality. The predictors of mortality were identified using the univariate and multivariable Cox regression models.

Results

During the median follow‐up duration of 30.5 [18.0–48.0] months, 141 cases completed follow‐up (mean age = 76.0 ± 3.7 years). Forty‐four patients experienced at least one episode of ICD therapy. Inappropriate shock, recurrent shock, and device‐related infection were the most frequent complications observed in our study. Of the 145 patients, 42 died during the follow‐up period, with an average survival time of 22.4 months after ICD implantation. Among these patients, 11 received ICD for primary prevention, and 31 received it for secondary prevention. Cardiovascular problems were the leading cause of death. We found that a low baseline ejection fraction (EF) was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.98; p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that ICD therapy is a valuable treatment option for elderly patients beyond their predicted age of life expectancy. The study highlights the importance of baseline EF as a significant predictor of mortality in these patients.
Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT)—Part A: Merging of existing fish test guidelines
Authors: Pannetier Pauline , Gölz Lisa , Pissarreira Mendes Fagundes Maria T. , Knörr Susanne , Behnstedt Laura , Coordes Sara , Matthiessen Peter , Morthorst Jane E. , Vergauwen Lucia , Knapen Dries , Holbech Henrik , Braunbeck Thomas , Baumann Lisa
Published: July 2023

There has been increasing interest in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among scientists and public authorities over the last 30 years, notably because of their wide use and the increasing evidence of detrimental effects on humans and the environment. However, test systems for the detection of potential EDCs as well as testing strategies still require optimization. Thus, the aim of the present project was the development of an integrated test protocol that merges the existing OECD test guidelines (TGs) 229 (fish short-term reproduction assay) and 234 (fish sexual development test) and implements thyroid-related endpoints for fish. The integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT) represents a comprehensive approach for fish testing, which covers reproduction, early development, and sexual differentiation, and will thus allow the identification of multiple endocrine-disruptive effects in fish. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, two exposure tests were performed with well-studied EDCs: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an estrogen receptor agonist. In part A of this article, the effects of PTU and EE2 on established endpoints of the two existing TGs are reported, whereas part B focuses on the novel thyroid-related endpoints. Results of part A document that, as expected, both PTU and EE2 had strong effects on various endocrine-related endpoints in zebrafish and their offspring. Merging of TGs 229 and 234 proved feasible, and all established biomarkers and endpoints were responsive as expected, including reproductive and morphometric changes (PTU and EE2), vitellogenin levels, sex ratio, gonad maturation, and histopathology (only for EE2) of different life stages. A validation of the iFEDT with other well-known EDCs will allow verification of the sensitivity and usability and confirm its capacity to improve the existing testing strategy for EDCs in fish. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:817–829. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Current approaches and future directions for addressing ethics in infant and early childhood mental health
Authors: Zeanah Paula D. , Steier Alison , Lim Izaak , Korfmacher Jon , Zeanah Charles H.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we consider whether the field of infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) needs its own code of ethics. We begin by describing unique features of infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) and the diverse strategies that the field has developed to address complex clinical dilemmas, among them workforce development, clinical supports, policy statements, and statements of ethical values. Because of the field's interdisciplinary nature, we also consider how various contributing professions and organizations address ethical issues. While these are important resources that can inform ethical decision‐making, we identify some of the limitations of the current approaches. We argue that it is time for the field of IECMH to take an intentional, systematic approach to directly address the complex and unique ethical dilemmas faced by infant and early childhood mental health practitioners, and we grapple with some of the challenges developing such a code might entail. We suggest several avenues for better understanding the scope of ethical issues and ethical decision‐making processes in IECMH that could be used to support developing an ethics code that is responsive to the unique and challenging world of infant and early childhood mental health.
“Changing the course of the stream”: A retrospective analysis of artful language learning opportunities
Authors: McMurtry Teaira
Published: July 2023

Historically, language instruction involving Black Language (BL) assumes a goal of eradication, particularly in school‐sanctioned literacy practices. Language arts education for Black students must be liberatory, that is, antiracist and artful. The opportunities for English Language Arts (ELA) teachers to create, augment, and change the course of traditional ELA methods are abundant. In this article, the author takes up “inquiry as a stance” to provide a retrospective analysis of the implementation of two Artful Language Learning Opportunities (ALLOs) from an uncritical code‐switching unit plan designed for 11th‐grade students in 2011, and to offer ways that the ALLOs were (and could be) modified to center the dynamism that BL and thus disrupt White linguistic hegemony. This study's implications highlight the need to shift language instruction toward exploring critical concepts, embracing cultural pride, and incorporating equitable frameworks to empower students and transform teaching practices. By prioritizing the study of BL, educators can create inclusive learning environments that recognize and celebrate linguistic diversity, and, in doing so, understand that mastery in standardized English(es) is an inevitable outcome.
Research on the effect of process parameters on the performance of femtosecond laser‐bonded skin microstructure
Authors: Huang Jun , Jia Mengshi , Xia Shengnan , Chen Yuxin , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Kehong , Rui Yunfeng
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the effect of the femtosecond laser process parameters on the texture characteristics of the microstructure was analyzed with the response surface method. The correspondence between the temperature of skin during laser bonding and microscopic tissue texture characteristics parameters was explored. The results show that the three process parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and scanning times and the interaction between the parameters have different patterns of influence on the four texture characteristics parameters of skin microstructure angular second‐order moments, entropy, contrast, and relevance. Angular second‐order moments and relevance of skin microstructure textures increase with increasing temperature, while entropy values and contrast decrease. It provides another way to evaluate the performance of femtosecond laser‐bonded skin with microstructure.
Carbon fiber: Characterization and evaluation of the inflammatory response and toxicity in rats
Authors: Maciel Clarissa Carvalho Martins , Torquato Letícia Cavassini , Chelin Suárez Eduardo Antonio , Pereira Kauê Alberto , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , de Vasconcellos Luana Marotta Reis , Marcuzzo Jossano Saldanha , De Marco Andrea Carvalho
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the Carbon Fiber obtained from PAN textile and cotton fiber in their different forms of presentation: non‐activated carbon fiber felt (NACFF), activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF), silver activated carbon fiber felt (Ag‐ACFF), and activated carbon fiber tissue (ACFT), to obtain scaffolds as a potential material with properties related to the synthetic bone graft. Characterization tests performed: surface wettability, traction, swelling, and in vivo tests: evaluation of the inflammatory response by implanting the materials in the subcutaneous tissue of 14 Wistar rats, evaluation of collagen fibers by picrosirius red staining and assessment of toxicity in the following organs: heart, spleen, liver, and kidney. In the wettability test, NACFF and ACFT were hydrophobic (θ124° and 114°), ACFF and Ag‐ACFF were hydrophilic. For maximum stress, ACFF was more resistant (2.983 ± 1.059) p < .05. In the swelling test, the Ag‐ACFF and ACFF groups showed the highest absorption percentage for the PBS solution and distilled water (p < .001). The organs showed no signs of acute systemic toxicity. The implant regions showed mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate at 7 and 21 days. Only the ACFT group did not show the maturation of type I collagen fibers in 21 days. Through the conducted analyses, the ACFT shows little potential to be indicated as a possible scaffold. Therefore NACFF, ACFF, and Ag‐ACFF have the potential to be considered scaffolds due to the following characteristics presented: good absorption rate, hydrophilicity, and non‐toxic.
Critical roles of Co‐doped g‐C3N4/Bi2WO6 in photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants and treating oil field wastewater in electrocatalysis‐microbial fuel cells
Authors: Duan Yukuan , Wang Chen , Yang Shilong , Liu Lifen
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Photocatalysts with Z‐type heterojunction structures for organic pollutant removal are prospective in environmental advanced oxidation processes. Introducing single metal atom to the heterojunction can further improve the synergistic activity of photocatalysts, so we doped Co single metal atom in g‐C3N4/Bi2WO6 Z‐type heterojunction.

RESULTS

For this aim, a simple calcination and hydrothermal method was used to dope single atom Co on top of the Z‐type 10 wt% g‐C3N4/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions which we had tested previously. The optimal Co doping was determined at 0.2 wt% Co/10 wt% g‐C3N4‐Bi2WO6, that it most efficiently degraded (100 mg/L) RhB under visible light irradiation (99.7% in 30 min, kinetic rate constant 0.182 min −1). This single‐atom doped catalysts (Co/g‐C3N4/Bi2WO6) should be most favorably used in treating practical wastewater in EC (electro‐chemical)‐MFC (microbial fuel cell) system. Its remarkable performance was recorded (96% COD removal and 92.8% TOC removal).

CONCLUSION

The reactive oxidizing species include h+, 1O2, ·O2−, e−, and OH, they act together leading to the rapid degradation of pollutants. The developed Co‐doped ternary catalyst has promising application prospects in pollution control in real world wastewater treatment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of the catalytic pyrolysis of shale gas oil‐based drill cuttings via TG‐MS
Authors: Lin Xiaosha , Shi Yaoming , Zheng Yi , Zheng Xuecheng , Li Dongwei
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Shale gas oil‐based drill cuttings are receiving increasing attention because of their hazards and contamination. In this study, two catalysts (Fe2(SO4)3 and a synthesised catalyst) were used to study the pyrolysis products, possible reaction mechanisms, and kinetic characteristics via thermogravimetry‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS) analysis.

RESULTS

The results indicate that the synthesised catalyst, YAP‐3, exhibited an improved catalytic effect on the pyrolysis of drill cuttings with a good conversion rate. The reaction activation energy during the pyrolysis was reduced from 9.6 to 1.4 kJ/mol. In addition to hydrocarbons, the pyrolysis products contained nitrogen oxides and other compounds.

CONCLUSION

A comparison of the peak temperature range and response intensity of the same substance with the same mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) showed that YAP‐3 significantly promoted the formation of pyrolysis products. This study provides theoretical support for the catalytic pyrolysis treatment of shale gas drill cuttings. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Knowledge‐based neural network with Bayesian optimization for efficient nonlinearRFdevice modeling
Authors: Wang Ruijin , Su Jiangtao , Xie Weiyu , Lin Zhongjie
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a novel approach for modeling the nonlinear behavior of microwave devices, with a particular focus on addressing the challenging problem of modeling compound semiconductor transistors under large‐signal excitation. The approach utilizes a knowledge‐based neural network (KBNN) to construct a frequency‐domain behavioral model of the transistor, which maps incident and scattered waves from a coarse model to a fine model in cases where the coarse model fails to match the behavior of a new device. This neural network‐based method aims to achieve better alignment between the extracted model parameters obtained from the coarse model and the behavior of the fine model. To improve mapping efficiency and accuracy, Bayesian optimization techniques are employed to automatically adjust the hyper parameters in the KBNN within a custom‐defined hyper parameter space. The proposed method uses simulation and measurement of a 0.25 um GaN HEMT device operating at 8 GHz, with VGS at −2 V and VDS at 18 V. Furthermore, the proposed model exhibits good interpolation capability at different input power levels, indicating its broad applicability in the design of high‐speed device models. Specifically, the accuracy of the simulation data and test data reached −53.83 and −51.68 dB, respectively, with the test data used in model training being less than 7.5% of the simulation data.
An efficient mm‐waveLNAimpedance match synthesis methodology with coordinate descent method
Authors: Zhou Jiangcheng , Wen Jincai , Wang Xu
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a novel synthesis methodology for LNA impedance matching is proposed, which consists of two main phases: database generation and parameter optimization. In the former phase, a large‐scale sweep of electromagnetic simulations of passive components is performed to speed up parameter optimization. In the latter phase, the coordinate descent method is used as the optimizer of this methodology. Since frequently dozens of parameters need to be optimized in synthesize LNAs, the coordinate descent method can temporarily fix some parameters in each iteration, thus convert the optimization problem into multiple simple low or even one‐dimensional optimizations, which can eventually obtain high‐quality LNAs quickly in fewer descent iterations. This methodology is applied to a Ka‐band two‐stage differential LNA design using 65 nm CMOS technology, and the synthesis time is only 3 min, which is tens of times faster compared to existing synthesis methods. The proposed LNA circuit is fabricated and the measured results verify the feasibility of the synthesis method.
Association of salivary levels of DNA sensing inflammasomes AIM2, IFI16, and cytokine IL18 with periodontitis and diabetes
Authors: Arunachalam Lalitha Tanjore , Suresh Snophia , Lavu Vamsi , Vedamanickam Shankarram , Viswanathan Sathiyapriya , Thirumalai Nathan Renuka Devy
Published: July 2023

Background

Aberrant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contributes to inflammasome orchestrated progression of chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes and periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to estimate salivary levels of DNA sensing inflammasomes, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interferon γ inducible protein (IFI16), and cytokine interleukin 18 (IL18) in individuals with periodontitis, diabetes, and healthy controls and interpret its association with periodontal and diabetic parameters.

Methods

Salivary levels of AIM2, IFI16, and IL18 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a total of 120 individuals (n = 30 in each group), namely, healthy (Group 1), periodontitis (Group 2), diabetes (Group 3), and diabetes with periodontitis (Group 4). Correlations of inflammasome levels and periodontal clinical parameters—plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were performed. Multiple regression was carried out to predict AIM2 and IFI16 with various independent variables.

Results

The mean salivary levels of AIM2, IFI16, and IL18 were highest in diabetes with periodontitis (Group 4) and least in healthy (Group 1) and statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.000). Significant positive correlation between clinical periodontal parameters and AIM2, IFI16, and IL18 was present (p ≤ 0.05). Multiple regression showed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (p = 0.002), GI (p = 0.016), PISA (p = 0.002), and CAL (p = 0.004) were significant predictors of AIM2, while HbA1C (p = 0.012), PISA (p = 0.003), and CAL (p = 0.007) predicted IFI16.

Conclusion

The results of the present study showed higher levels of AIM2, IFI16, and IL18 in saliva of individuals with diabetes and periodontitis. HbA1C, PISA, and CAL were significant independent predictors of salivary AIM2 and IFI16 levels.
Comparison of in vitro starch digestibility and structure of matcha‐fortified starch vermicelli from different botanical sources
Authors: Li Yun , Niu Liya , Sun Chao , Tu Jin , Xiao Jianhui
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

In a study to explore the utilization of polyphenols in complex digestive systems, starch‐based vermicelli was employed as the carrier and matcha (MT) was used as the source of polyphenols. Four percent MT was extruded with A‐, B‐, and C‐type starch of rice, sweet potato, and mung bean to prepared starch vermicelli rice starch vermicelli (RSV), sweet potato starch vermicelli (SPSV), and mung bean starch vermicelli (MBSV), respectively. The multi‐scale structure of starch, the digestive kinetics of starch, and the bioaccessibility of polyphenols during in vitro digestion were monitored.

RESULTS

Matcha did not change the crystal configuration of vermicelli, but increased the relative crystallinity of RSV. Vermicelli with MT possessed a more uniform structure, and the polydispersity index decreased from 3.85–4.89 to 2.56–3.69. However, these structural changes made only a limited contribution to delaying digestion. The detection of polyphenols during digestion revealed that the release of most polyphenols was accomplished in the first 20 min of digestion. The release amount was in the order RSV + MT > MBSV + MT > SPSV + MT, and reached 4.81–5.45 mg GAE g−1. Correspondingly, the activity of digestive enzyme decreased in the order RSV + MT < MBSV + MT < SPSV + MT. Consequently, MT significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the digestive rate of vermicelli, and the rapidly digested starch and predicted glycemic index of RSV + MT decreased from 71.28% to 56.31% and from 74.68 to 62.86, respectively. The released polyphenols were also the main source of the strong antioxidant capacity of vermicelli with MT.

CONCLUSIONS

These results provided a theoretical basis for using polyphenols to pursue healthy starch‐based food. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of elaboration process, crop year and irrigation on acrylamide levels of potential table olive varieties
Authors: Fernández Antonio , Martillanes Sara , Lodolini Enrico Maria , Martínez Manuel , Arias‐Calderón Rocío , Martín‐Vertedor Daniel
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Table olives are widely consumed in the Mediterranean diet, and several typical Spanish and Portuguese varieties could potentially be used as such. In order to ensure a good‐quality product, the effect of different factors such as elaboration processes, irrigation conditions, crop year and their crossover interaction on acrylamide content and antioxidant compounds needs to be deeply studied.

RESULTS

When looking through irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) presented lower acrylamide levels than rainfed conditions for ‘Cordovil de Elvas’, ‘Picual’ and ‘Verdeal Alentejana’. No significant interactions were found between the type of irrigation and elaboration style for ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Koroneiki’ varieties. Although RDI had the largest concentration of total phenols, antioxidant activity was also the highest. The table olives harvested in the crop year of 2019 showed lower levels of acrylamide due to a significant relationship between the crop year and irrigation conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Novel varieties to be marketed should be taken into consideration for table olive elaboration. The impact of the crop year on the bioactive value of table olives and crossover interactions relies strongly in climatological conditions. Last but not least, the benefit of selecting the best irrigation and elaboration methods is crucial to ensure desirable acrylamide levels. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimized hybrid dielectrophoretic microchip for separation of bioparticles
Authors: Mahani Moheb Amir , Karimvand Ahmad Naseri , Naserifar Naser
Published: July 2023

Point‐of‐care diagnostics requires a smart separation of particles and/or cells. In this work, the multiorifice fluid fractionation as a passive method and dielectrophoresis‐based actuator as an active tool are combined to offer a new device for size‐based particle separation. The main objective of the combination of these two well‐established techniques is to improve the performance of the multiorifice fluid fractionation by taking advantage of dielectrophoresis‐based actuator for separating particles. Initially, by using numerical simulations, the effect of using dielectrophoresis‐based actuator in multiorifice fluid fractionation on the separation of particles was investigated, and the size of the device was optimized by 25% compared to a device without dielectrophoresis‐based actuator. Also, adding dielectrophoresis‐based actuator to multiorifice fluid fractionation can extend the range of flow rates needed for separation. In the absence of dielectrophoresis‐based actuator, the separation took place only when the flow rate is 100 μL/min, in the presence of dielectrophoresis‐based actuator (20 Vp‐p), the separation happened in flow rates ranging from 70 to 120 μL/min.
Green analytical chemistry‐driven response surface modeling to stability‐indicating chromatographic method for estimation of cilnidipine and application of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography–mass spectrometry for characterization of degradation products
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Dixit Varsha , Pulusu Veera Shakar , Chauhan Renu , Shah Shailesh
Published: July 2023

Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker that is used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina and high blood pressure. Several column and planar chromatographic methods for estimating cilnidipine in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been documented. However, these method developments have been carried out employing organic solvents such as acetonitrile, methanol, toluene, chloroform, and others as mobile phase components or as sample pretreatment diluents. These organic solvents are neurotoxic and teratogenic to humans and aquatic animals, according to International Council for Harmonization Q3C (R8) recommendations. According to the green analytical chemistry approach, such organic solvents should be reduced or removed during the development of chromatographic methods for environmental protection and the safety of human and aquatic animal life. As a result, the stability‐indicating chromatographic estimation of cilnidipine was performed utilizing less toxic organic solvents. To prevent organic solvent waste during method development, mobile‐phase optimization was performed using the design of experiment‐based response surface modeling. Cilnidipine has been subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and dry‐heat decomposition to determine its stability. The greenness profiles of the suggested and published chromatographic methods were examined using the national environment method index, analytical greenness calculator, green analytical procedure index software, and eco‐scale assessment tool.
Recent advances of optically active helical polymers as adsorbents and chiral stationary phases for chiral resolution
Authors: Yuan Shuyi , Zhao Lei , Wang Fangqin , Tan Lilan , Wu Datong
Published: July 2023

Chiral resolution is very important and still a big challenge due to different biological activity and same physicochemical property of one pair (R)‐ and (S)‐isomer. There is no doubt that chiral selectors are essentially needed for chiral resolution, which can stereoselectively interact with a pair of isomers. To date, a large amount of optically active helical polymers as chiral selectors have been synthesized via two strategies. First, the target helical polymers are derived from natural polysaccharide such as cellulose and amylose. Second, they can be synthesized by polymerization of chiral monomers. Alternatively, an achiral polymer is prepared first followed by static or dynamic chiral induction. Furthermore, a part of them is harnessed as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic chiral separation and as chiral adsorbents for enantioselective adsorption/crystallization, resulting in good enantioseparation efficiency. In summary, the present review will focus on recent progress of the polymers with optical activity for chiral resolution, especially the literature published in the past 10 years. In addition, development prospects and future challenges of optically active helical polymers will be discussed in detail.