bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients carrying monoallelic deletion of the whole locus of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene have a better prognosis compared to those with t(4;14) and t(14;16)
Authors: Duek Adrian , Trakhtenbrot Luba , Amariglio Ninette , Benyamini Noam , Zilbershats Itay , Ganzel Chezi , Shevetz Olga , Leiba Ronit , Rozic Gabriela , Nagler Arnon , Leiba Merav
Published: January 2019

The current study evaluated the prognostic significance of the monoallelic deletion of the whole locus of the immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (w_del(IGH)) gene compared to translocations t(4;14) and t(14;16) among newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We retrospectively analyzed clinical (age, gender, and staging) and laboratory data at diagnosis and the overall survival (OS) of 255 newly diagnosed MM patients carrying w_del(IGH) or translocations t(4;14) or t(14;16). Bone marrow samples were examined by morphological and sequential interphase fluorescense in situ hybridization analyses. Among 255 patients, 117 (45.8%) had w_del(IGH), 99 (38.8%) had t(4;14), and 39 (15.3%) had t(14;16). Mean age was 61.6 ± 11.6 years. Groups did not differ significantly in age, gender, or lactate dehydrogenase levels. Patients in the w_del(IGH) group presented more frequently at International Staging System stage I than at stage II/III. Patients in the w_del(IGH) group had significantly fewer additional chromosomal aberrations (1.58) than the other two groups (2.3 and 2.13 in the del(IGH), t(14;16) and t(4;14) groups, respectively, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the w_del(IGH) group had significantly longer estimated median OS (9.47 years) compared to those with translocations t(14;16) (3.02 years, P = 0.002) or t(4;14) (4.18 years, P = 0.001), respectively. These findings suggest a potential prognostic significance of monoallelic deletion of IGH among these patients. Additional studies are needed to better understand the nature and mechanism of this prognostic factor.
Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph , Smith Lee , Swinnen Nathalie , Koyanagi Ai
Published: January 2019

Objectives

A number of small‐scale, single‐country studies have suggested that muscular weakness may be a biomarker for cognitive health, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. However, multinational, representative studies are lacking, particularly from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed the association between muscular strength (measured by maximal handgrip) and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa), using nationally representative data.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, community‐based data on individuals aged 50 years or older from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. MCI was defined according to the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association criteria. Weak handgrip strength was defined as less than 30 kg for men and less than 20 kg for women using the average value of two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between muscular strength and MCI.

Results

A total of 32 715 participants were included (mean age 62 ± SD 15.6 y and 51.7% female). The prevalence of MCI and weak handgrip strength was 15.3% (95% CI, 14.4%‐16.3%) and 46.5% (95% CI, 43.6%‐49.5%), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, weak handgrip strength was associated with 1.41 (95% CI, 1.23‐1.61) times higher odds for MCI. The corresponding figures for those aged 50 to 64 years and 65 years or older were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.14‐1.60) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.27‐1.86), respectively.

Conclusions

Muscular weakness may provide a clinically useful indicator of MCI risk. Increasing our understanding of the connection between muscular and cognitive function could ultimately lead to the development and broader implementation of resistance training interventions targeting both physical and cognitive health.
Who to Test for Hepatitis C Virus in the Middle East and North Africa?: Pooled Analyses of 2,500 Prevalence Measures, Including 49 Million Tests
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Mahmud Sarwat , Kouyoumjian Silva P. , Al‐Kanaani Zaina , Hermez Joumana G. , Abu‐Raddad Laith J.
Published: January 2019

Expanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment coverage is challenged by limited testing and diagnosis. This study assessed the risk of exposure, for the Middle East and North Africa, by population, yields of testing, and program efficiency of testing strategies. A standardized and systematically assembled database of 2,542 HCV antibody prevalence studies on 49 million individuals was analyzed. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate pooled measures for risk of exposure, risk ratio (RR) of exposure, and yields of testing. Program expansion path curves were calculated to assess program efficiency. Countries clustered into two patterns: generalized versus concentrated epidemics. In generalized epidemics (Egypt and Pakistan) relative to general populations, RR of exposure was 6.8 for people who inject drugs (PWID), 6.7 for populations with liver conditions, and 5.0 for populations with high‐risk health care exposures. In concentrated epidemics (remaining countries), corresponding RRs were 97.2, 45.1, and 22.2, respectively. In generalized epidemics, the number of tests needed to identify a chronic infection was 2.5 for PWID, 2.4 for populations with liver conditions, 2.7 for populations with high‐risk health care exposures, and 14.2 for general populations. In concentrated epidemics, corresponding numbers were 2.8, 8.6, 5.1, and 222.2, respectively. Program expansion path curves demonstrated major gains in program efficiency by targeting specific populations. Risk of exposure varies immensely by population and shows a distinctive hierarchy, particularly in concentrated epidemics. Testing strategies can be much more efficient through population prioritization by risk of exposure. General population testing is not programmatically efficient in concentrated epidemics.
Determining thermal diffusivity using near‐surface periodic temperature variations and its implications for tracing groundwater movement at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Qiongying , Chen Shunyun , Jiang Liangwen , Wang Dong , Yang Zhuzhuan , Chen Lichun
Published: January 2019

The thermal diffusivity is the key parameter that controls near‐surface temperature where periodic temperature variation is progressively attenuated and delayed with depth. This article presents the results of apparent thermal diffusivity using temperatures recorded by a bedrock temperature measurement network in the fault zones of western Sichuan. High sensitivity temperature sensors (10−4 K) were installed at a maximum depth reaching 30 m. The apparent thermal diffusivities were deduced from both amplitude damping and phase shifting of annual temperature variations between two different depths. Under pure conduction, the thermal diffusivity determined through the phase method (αΦ) should be equivalent to that determined through the amplitude method (αA), whereas effects of the upward (downward) water flow are evidently reflected in the amplitude decay to make αΦ larger (lesser) than αA. The discrepancy between αΦ and αA can thus be a tracer of water movement or convective heat transfer. The calculated αΦ of the measurement stations varies from 1.22 × 10−6 to 3.00 × 10−6 m2/s, and the estimated αA ranges from 0.93 × 10−6 to 2.41 × 10−6 m2/s. Two regimes of heat transfer underground were suggested from the results. Conductive heat transport prevails over the nonconductive processes at five stations, which is characterized by αΦ coincident with αA for the same depth pair. On the contrary, the values of αΦ differ from αA at six stations in the intersection area of the Y‐shaped fault system, implying that convective heat transfer also plays a comparably important role. This finding is consistent with the hot springs distribution of the area. The results also indicate that water moves upward with an average Darcy velocity of approximately −1 × 10−7 m/s in this region. Our research provides new evidence for the hydrothermal activity in the fault zones at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Surfactant‐assisted‐water‐exposed versus surfactant‐aqueous‐solution‐exposed electrospinning of novel super hydrophilic Polycaprolactone‐based fibers: Cell culture studies
Authors: Zargarian Seyed Shahrooz , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Azarnia Mojdeh , Kafrashian Zahra , Seyedjafari Ehsan
Published: January 2019

Blend electrospun scaffolds composed of Polycaprolactone and Pluronic are suitable for bone tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. However, exceeding from certain amounts of Pluronic, surface enrichment of this polymer leads to segregation of Pluronic chains within the fiber, endangering the integrity and mechanical properties of the scaffold. In this article, a novel method of blend electrospinning has been employed using a parallel water supply, positioning the Pluronic chains on the surface, thus enhancing the miscibility within the fibers. Water uptake test revealed the super hydrophilicity of obtained scaffolds. Atr‐FTIR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified a higher percentage of Pluronics on the surface in comparison with conventional blend electrospinning. Tensile test demonstrated improved mechanical properties of the modified scaffolds. The results of cytocompatibility tests have also revealed enhanced viability of cells on these scaffolds confirming their great promise for clinical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1204–1212, 2019.
Potential use of silkworm gut fiber braids as scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering
Authors: Pagán Ana , Aznar‐Cervantes Salvador D. , Pérez‐Rigueiro José , Meseguer‐Olmo Luis , Cenis Jose L.
Published: January 2019

Tendon and ligament tissue engineering require scaffolds for the treatment of various conditions in the medical field. These must meet requirements such as high tensile strength, biocompatibility, fast and stable repair and a rate of degradation that allows the repair of the damaged tissue. In this work, we propose the use of silkworm gut fiber braids as materials to temporarily replace and repair this type of tissues. The mechanical characterization of the braids made with different number of silk gut fibers is provided, as well as a descriptive analysis of the proliferation and adhesion of cultures of adult human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and fibroblasts (L929) on the braids. As expected, the breaking force increases linearly in the scaffold with the number of fibers, thus being a parameter adaptable to the specific requirements of the tissue to repair and the animal model of study. On the other hand, in all of the cases studied, the values obtained for the elastic modulus of the hydrated fibers were in the range of the ones reported for various human tendons and ligaments. Moreover, the scaffold demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in vitro, allowing the adhesion and proliferation, in the same culture conditions, of the two cell types studied, therefore posing as an ideal candidate to be employed in future in vivo studies that allow elucidating its behavior in the articular environment or extra‐articular tendinous areas. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B: 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2209–2215, 2019.
Electrodialytic processes in solid matrices. New insights into battery recycling. A review
Authors: Villen‐Guzman Maria , Arhoun Brahim , Vereda‐Alonso Carlos , Gomez‐Lahoz Cesar , Rodriguez‐Maroto Jose M , Paz‐Garcia Juan M
Published: January 2019

Electrodialytic remediation has been widely applied to the recovery of different contaminants from numerous solid matrices, solving emerging issues of environmental concern. Results and conclusions reported in studies about real contaminated matrices are summarized in this work. The influence of pH value on the treatment effectiveness has been widely proved, highlighting the phenomenon of ‘water splitting’ in the membrane surface. This dissociation of water molecules is related to the ‘limiting current’ which it is desirable to exceed at the anion exchange membrane in order to produce the entering of protons toward the solid matrix. Other important parameters for the optimization of the technique, such as the current density and the liquid/solid ratio, are also discussed through the revision of studies using real solid matrices.

This work also focuses on the pioneer proposal of electrokinetic technologies for the recycling of lithium ion batteries, considering the relevance of waste properties in the design and optimization of the technique. From a thorough literature revision, it could be concluded that further experimental results are needed to allow an optimal application of the technique to the rising problem of residues from batteries. The main aim of this work is to take the first steps in the recovery of valuable metals such as Li and Co from spent batteries, incorporating principles of green chemistry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors affecting breast cancer patients' need for genetic risk information: From information insufficiency to information need
Authors: Hong Soo Jung , Biesecker Barbara , Ivanovich Jennifer , Goodman Melody , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: January 2019

Information‐seeking models typically focus on information‐seeking behaviors based on individuals' interest in information, because their current level is perceived to be insufficient. In the context of genetic risk information (GRI), however, information insufficiency is difficult to measure and thus can limit understanding of information behavior in the context of GRI. We propose that an individual's need for information might be a more direct and conceptually clearer alternative to predicting their information‐seeking behavior. To test this hypothesis, this study investigates the extent to which previously identified factors affecting interest in GRI are also predictors of need for GRI among women diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 40 or younger (N = 1,069). As hypothesized, there was a positive association between interest in and need for GRI. Furthermore, hypothesized factors of numeracy, information orientation, and genetic knowledge were significant predictors of increased interest in and need for GRI. In contrast, hypothesized factors of genetic worry and genetic causal belief predicted increased interest in GRI only, while genetic self‐efficacy predicted increased need for GRI only. As hypothesized, BRCA status significantly moderated associations between informational norm and both interest in and need for GRI. Collectively, the findings support inclusion of need for GRI in theoretical information‐seeking models in the context of genomic risk.
Cardiac disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type III
Authors: Nijmeijer Stephanie C. M. , de Bruin‐Bon Rianne H.A.C.M. , Wijburg Frits A. , Kuipers Irene M.
Published: January 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III; Sanfilippo disease) is primarily characterized by neurocognitive decline with limited somatic disease. Only few reports addressed cardiac disease (CD) in MPS III. We investigated the prevalence of CD in a relatively large cohort of patients. In this cross‐sectional study, extensive echocardiographic studies were performed in 30 MPS III patients (16 patients <18 years), all without clinical symptoms of CD. Results were compared to data from matched controls. The mean global longitudinal strain on speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) was impaired in both pediatric and adult patients vs controls (resp. −18.4% vs −20.7%; mean difference 2.25, 95% CI 0.61‐3.89, P = 0.009 and −16.9% vs −19.5%; mean difference 2.64, 95% CI 0.78‐4.49, P = 0.007), indicating early systolic dysfunction. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal in pediatric patients and (slightly) impaired in adult patients vs controls (48.7% vs 55.8%, P = 0.002). Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) showed significantly slower early diastolic velocities (e′) compared to controls indicative for diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, mitral and aortic valve abnormalities were prevalent (43% and 33% of patients, respectively). Finally, 15.6% of the patients had a first‐degree atrioventricular block on electrocardiography (ECG). The impaired STE reveals early, subclinical LV dysfunction which is supported by results of TDI. In addition, mild valvular disease and ECG abnormalities are prevalent. The lowered LVEF in adult patients suggests that the LV dysfunction is progressive, and may ultimately lead to clinical myocardial disease when patients live longer due to an effective disease‐modifying treatment of which a number of options are now in clinical trials.
The multiple faces of CD5
Authors: Burgueño-Bucio Erica , Mier-Aguilar Carlos A , Soldevila Gloria
Published: January 2019

Since its discovery, over 30 years ago, CD5 has been used as a marker to identify T cells, B1-a cells, and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Throughout the years, many studies have described the functional relevance of CD5 as a modulator of T and B cell receptor signaling. However, it has not been until recent years that CD5 has emerged as a functional receptor in other areas of the immune system. Here, we review some of the most important aspects of CD5 as a modulator of TCR and BCR signaling, cell survival receptor both in T and B cells during health and disease, as well as the newly discovered roles of this receptor in thymocyte selection, T cell effector differentiation, and immune tolerance. CD5 was found to promote T cell survival by protecting autoreactive T cell from activation-induced cell death, to promote de novo induction of regulatory T cells in the periphery, to modulate Th17 and Th2 differentiation, and to modulate immune responses by modulating dendritic cell functions. CD5 is overexpressed in Tregs and Bregs, which are fundamental to maintain immune homeostasis. The newly established roles of CD5 in modulating different aspects of immune responses identify this receptor as an immune checkpoint modulator, and therefore it could be used as a target for immune intervention in different pathologies such as cancer, autoimmune diseases or infections.
Microscopical observations on the regenerating tail in the tuataraSphenodon punctatusindicate a tendency to scarring, but also influence from somatic growth
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Meyer‐Rochow Victor Benno
Published: January 2019

The process of tail regeneration in the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) is not entirely known. Similarity to and differences from lizard tail regenerations are indicated in the present histological and ultrastructural study. Regeneration is influenced by the animal's age and ambient temperature, but in comparison to that of lizards it is very slow and tends to produce outgrowths that do not reach the length of the original tail. Although microscopically similar to lizard blastemas, the mesenchyme rapidly gives rise to a dense connective tissue that contains few muscle bundles, nerves, and fat cells. The unsegmented cartilaginous tube forming the axial skeleton is not calcified after 5 months of regeneration, but calcification in the inner region of the cartilage, present after 10 months, increases thereafter. Amyelinic and myelinic peripheral nerves are seen within the regenerating tails of 2–3 mm in length and the spinal cord forms an ependymal tube inside a cartilaginous casing. Tissues of the original tail, like muscles, vertebrae and the adipose mass, are largely replaced by dense connective tissue that occupies most of the volume of the new tail at 5 and 10 months of regeneration. It is unknown whether the differentiation of the dense connective tissue is caused by the relatively low temperature that this species lives under or stems from a genetic predisposition toward scarring as with most other amniotes. Increases of muscle and adipose tissues seen in older regenerated tails derive from somatic growth of the new tail in the years following tail loss and not from a rapid regeneration process like that in lizards.
Deep‐ultraviolet laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lawal Remilekun O. , Donnarumma Fabrizio , Murray Kermit K.
Published: January 2019

A 193‐nm wavelength deep ultraviolet laser was used for ambient laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of biological samples. A pulsed ArF excimer laser was used to ablate solid samples, and the resulting plume of the desorbed material merged with charged electrospray droplets to form ions that were detected with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Solutions containing peptide and protein standards up to 66‐kDa molecular weight were deposited on a metal target, dried, and analyzed. No fragmentation was observed from peptides and proteins as well as from the more easily fragmented vitamin B12 molecule. The mass spectra contained peaks from multiply charged ions that were identical to conventional electrospray. Deep UV laser ablation of tissue allowed detection of lipids from untreated tissue. The mechanism of ionization is postulated to involve absorption of laser energy by a fraction of the analyte molecules that act as a sacrificial matrix or by residual water in the sample.
Advancing Creativity Theory and Research: A Socio‐cultural Manifesto
Authors: Glaveanu Vlad Petre , Hanchett Hanson Michael , Baer John , Barbot Baptiste , Clapp Edward P. , Corazza Giovanni Emanuele , Hennessey Beth , Kaufman James C. , Lebuda Izabela , Lubart Todd , Montuori Alfonso , Ness Ingunn J. , Plucker Jonathan , Reiter‐Palmon Roni , Sierra Zayda , Simonton Dean Keith , Neves‐Pereira Monica Souza , Sternberg Robert J.
Published: January 2019

This manifesto, discussed by 20 scholars, representing diverse lines of creativity research, marks a conceptual shift within the field. Socio‐cultural approaches have made substantial contributions to the concept of creativity over recent decades and today can provide a set of propositions to guide our understanding of past research and to generate new directions of inquiry and practice. These propositions are urgently needed in response to the transition from the Information Society to the Post‐Information Society. Through the propositions outlined here, we aim to build common ground and invite the community of creativity researchers and practitioners to reflect up, study, and cultivate creativity as a socio‐cultural phenomenon.
Effects of tibiofemoral compression on ACL forces and knee kinematics under combined knee loads
Authors: Markolf Keith , Yamaguchi Kent , Matthew Justin , McAllister David
Published: January 2019

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can occur during landing from a jump or changing direction during a cutting maneuver. In these instances, the knee is subjected to combined forces and moments as it flexes under tibiofemoral compression force (TCF). We hypothesized that TCF would increase ACL forces and tibiofemoral motions under isolated and combined modes of loading relevant to knee injury. ACL force and knee kinematics were recorded in human cadaveric specimens during knee flexion from 0° to 50° under the following test conditions (alone and in combination): 2 N‐m internal tibial torque (IT), 5 N‐m valgus moment (VM), and 45N anterior tibial force (AF). Knees were tested with 25N (baseline), 250N, and 500N TCF. ACL force increased with knee flexion during all tests. As the knee was flexed, VM produced a coupled internal tibial rotation, and IT produced a coupled valgus rotation. ACL forces with IT + VM were significantly higher than with IT alone (beyond 10° flexion) or VM alone (at all flexion angles). Increasing the level of TCF above baseline did not significantly change valgus or tibial rotations for any loading condition, but did significantly increase anterior tibial translation (ATT) at all flexion angles and ACL force at flexion angles beyond 5° to 15°. Addition of AF to tests with IT + VM significantly increased ATT and ACL force without significantly altering internal and valgus rotations. The mechanism of high ACL force generation from increased TCF was related to ATT and not internal or valgus rotations of the tibia. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Creativity as a source of differentiation in urban tourism: The case of Torino city
Authors: Adamo Giuseppe Emanuele , Ferrari Sonia , Gilli Monica
Published: January 2019

Cities tourist competition focus on the revalorization of endowed resources, such as historical and cultural heritage, and on created resources, such as flagship projects and iconic architectural buildings. This paper analyzes how creativity (creative planning and thinking) supports both approaches by developing a conceptual model that categorizes and explores four main urban competition strategies: exploitation, rediscovery, adaptability, and development/co‐creation. Creativity drives competition and differentiation taking into account the tourist offer, the role of the private and the public players, the communication, and the consumption. Finally, it presents a case study of Torino city, identifying the creative tourism activities implemented.
Association of the TBK1 mutation p.Ile334Thr with frontotemporal dementia and literature review
Authors: Yu Huiling , Yu Wenbo , Luo Su‐shan , Yang Yu‐Jie , Liu Feng‐Tao , Zhang Yue , Chen Yan , Sun Yi‐min , Wu Jian‐jun
Published: January 2019

Background

The mutation of TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene has been regarded as a causative gene of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)‐amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spectrum disease in recent years. So far, more than 70 TBK1 variants have been identified in patients with FTD‐ALS spectrum.

Methods

We reported a Chinese FTD patient carrying TBK1 p.Ile334Thr variant detected by target sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The patient's clinical materials were collected. The transcription and translation levels of TBK1 mutant were investigated in fibroblast by qPCR and western blot. The effects of TBK1 mutant in inflammation pathway and autophagy were detected by luciferase reporter assay and GST pull‐down assay.

Results

The patient was diagnosed as behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and displayed progressively severe cognitive impairment especially in executive function. A pattern of frontotemporal atrophy and hypometabolism was shown through MRI and PET‐CT. In vitro functional experiments of TBK1 p.Ile334Thr variant demonstrated reduced transcription and translation levels, decreased kinase activity but maintenance of interaction with optineurin. The variant was classified as likely pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guideline.

Conclusion

We proposed the TBK1 mutation p.Ile334Thr as a likely pathogenic variant in bvFTD which also expanded the clinical spectrum of this variant. It can partially abrogate TBK1 functions and be responsible for FTD‐ALS spectrum diseases through neuroinflammatory pathway.
Reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects including tendons with anterolateral thigh flap extended to fascia lata: Long term recovery and functional outcomes
Authors: di Summa Pietro G. , Sapino Gianluca , Cherubino Mario , De Santis Giorgio , Durand Sebastien , Zaugg Patrice , Bauquis Olivier , Raffoul Wassim
Published: January 2019

Background

We evaluated composite anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps including vascularized fascia lata (FL), for stable soft tissue coverage and tendons restoration at various joint levels in a one‐stage procedure.

Methods

We performed a retrospective investigation including 21 “functional” ALT flaps between November 2006 and December 2016. In all patients included, FL was shaped to anatomical reproduce a tendon structure. Functional analysis included range of motion and force assessment. Functional scores were established according to Chen classification, DASH, and LEFS score. Defects resulted from tumor excision, trauma, burn, or infection‐debridement and were distributed in four main anatomical districts: knee (seven cases), ankle (six cases), forearm‐elbow (four cases), and hand‐wrist level (three cases).

Results

Nineteen flaps were raised as free flaps, while two as distally‐based propeller flaps. Average follow‐up was 38 months. Major complication requiring the harvest of a second flap was seen in two patients, whereas three flaps presented superficial necrosis and was treated in an outpatient regimen. We observed 81% of total ROM recovery compared to contralateral sides with 89% recovered articular stability. Best articulation outcomes were present in elbow reconstruction, while ankle reconstructions showed less articularity. Hospital stay was significantly reduced in hand and wrist functional reconstruction when compared with reconstruction at the ankle level (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The ALT flap extended to vascularized FL provides a particularly effective and resistant tissue that can be folded to reconstruct and support tendinous structures. This can restore functional and structural integrity after complex defects in a single stage procedure.
Adaptive Fourier decomposition in
Authors: Wang Yanbo , Qian Tao
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we study decomposition of functions in Hardy spaces
. First, we will give a direct application of adaptive Fourier decomposition (AFD) of
to functions in
. Then, we study adaptive decomposition by the system

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5494:mma5494-math-0007
where Aa,p is the normalization factor making ea(z) to be of unit p‐norm. Under the proposed decomposition procedure, we show that every
can be effectively expressed by a linear combination of
. We give a maximal selection principle of
at the nth step and prove the convergence.
Study of implicit type coupled system of non‐integer order differential equations with antiperiodic boundary conditions
Authors: Samina  , Shah Kamal , Khan Rahmat Ali , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the first purpose is to study existence and uniqueness of solutions to a system of implicit fractional differential equations (IFDEs) equipped with antiperiodic boundary conditions (BCs). To obtain the mentioned results, we use Schauder's and Banach fixed point theorem. The second purpose is discussing the Ulam‐Hyers (UH) and generalized Ulam‐Hyers (GUH) stabilities for the respective solutions. An example is provided to illustrate the established results.
Frequency‐specific functional connectivity related to the rehabilitation task of stroke patients
Authors: Lu Kuan , Xu Gongcheng , Li Wenhao , Huo Congcong , Liu Qianying , Lv Zeping , Wang Yonghui , Li Zengyong , Fan Yubo
Published: January 2019

Purposes

Stroke survivors suffering from deficits in motor control typically show persistent motor symptoms and limited functional abilities, which affect their functional independence in daily life. Active rehabilitation training is commonly applied for stroke patients to recover from motor dysfunction. The global connectivity reflects the synchronization of cardiac and respiratory activities in the cerebral regions. However, the understanding of the patterns of frequency‐specific global connectivity (GC) and functional connectivity (FC) when performing active rehabilitation training is still far from comprehensive. This study was conducted to investigate the brain network patterns of stroke patients while performing a four‐limb linkage rehabilitation training using the functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) method.

Methods

Two groups of stroke patients (LH, left hemiplegia; RH, right hemiplegia) and one healthy group were recruited to participate in this study. The wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) method was used to calculate the frequency‐specific GC and FC of the brain network in four frequency bands: I, 0.6–2 Hz; II, 0.145–0.6 Hz; III, 0.052–0.145 Hz; and IV, 0.021–0.052 Hz.

Results

Results showed that the healthy group exhibited lower WPCO in the four frequency bands during the task state than during the resting state (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the stroke groups showed increased WPCO in the frequency band II during the task state than during the resting state (P < 0.05). Moreover, significantly lower WPCO values in the frequency bands III (P < 0.05) were found during task state in the RH and LH groups compared with the healthy group. The RH group showed increased WPCO values in the frequency band II during the task state compared with the healthy group (P < 0.05). In addition, the RH group showed increased WPCO in the frequency bands I (P < 0.05) and II (P < 0.05) than the LH group. Notably, the rehabilitation task did not induce significant changes in stroke groups in the frequency band IV, which implied the neurogenic activity.

Conclusions

The reductions in FC suggested that the brain impairments caused a disturbed neurovascular coupling regulation in stroke patients. Results in frequency band IV suggested that the limb movement rehabilitation task intrinsically may not produce remarkable effect on the neurogenic activity of stroke patients. Significant differences in WPCO between the LH and RH groups suggested that the rehabilitation task should be specifically designed for individual rehabilitation. The frequency‐specific FC methods based on WPCO would provide a potential approach to quantitatively assess the effect of rehabilitation tasks.
Fat crystals: A tool to inhibit molecular transport in W/O/W double emulsions
Authors: Nelis Veronique , Declerck Arnout , Vermeir Lien , Balcaen Mathieu , Dewettinck Koen , Van der Meeren Paul
Published: January 2019

Water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsions are a promising technology for encapsulation applications of water soluble compounds with respect to functional food systems. Yet molecular transport through the oil phase is a well‐known problem for liquid oil‐based double emulsions. The influence of network crystallization in the oil phase of W/O/W globules was evaluated by NMR and laser light scattering experiments on both a liquid oil‐based double emulsion and a solid fat‐based double emulsion. Water transport was assessed by low‐resolution NMR diffusometry and by an osmotically induced swelling or shrinking experiment, whereas manganese ion permeation was followed by means of T2‐relaxometry. The solid fat‐based W/O/W globules contained a crystal network with about 80% solid fat. This W/O/W emulsion showed a reduced molecular water exchange and a slower manganese ion influx in the considered time frame, whereas its globule size remained stable under the applied osmotic gradients. The reduced permeability of the oil phase is assumed to be caused by the increased tortuosity of the diffusive path imposed by the crystal network. This solid network also provided mechanical strength to the W/O/W globules to counteract the applied osmotic forces.
Revised upper limb module for spinal muscular atrophy: 12 month changes
Authors: Pera Maria Carmela , Coratti Giorgia , Mazzone Elena S. , Montes Jacqueline , Scoto Mariacristina , De Sanctis Roberto , Main Marion , Mayhew Anna , Muni Lofra Robert , Dunaway Young Sally , Glanzman Allan M. , Duong Tina , Pasternak Amy , Ramsey Danielle , Darras Basil , Day John W. , Finkel Richard S. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Sormani Maria Pia , Bovis Francesca , Straub Volker , Muntoni Francesco , Pane Marika , Mercuri Eugenio ,   for the iSMAC Consortium Group
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess 12 month changes in upper limb function in patients affected by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and 3. Methods: Longitudinal 12 month data was collected in 114 patients, 60 type 2 and 54 type 3, using the Revised Upper Limb Module. Results: The 12 month changes ranged between ‐7 and 9 (mean: ‐0.41; SD: 2.93). The mean changes were not significantly different between the three spinal muscular atrophy groups (‐0.45 in type 2, ‐0.23 in non‐ambulant type 3 and ‐0.34 in ambulant type 3, p = 0.96) and the relationship between 12 month change and age classes was not significantly different among the three types of SMA patients. Discussion: Our results confirm that the Module explores a wide range of functional abilities and can be used in ambulant and non‐ambulant patients of different ages in conjunction with other functional scales. Muscle Nerve 59:426–430, 2019
Trends in Lipids, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: An NHANES Analysis (2003‐2004 to 2013‐2014)
Authors: Palmer Michael K. , Toth Peter P.
Published: January 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to estimate frequency and prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus in US adults.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003‐2004 to 2013‐2014) (n = 32,188). The frequency and prevalence of diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and abdominal obesity were calculated and extrapolated to the US adult population. Average levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG) were also assessed.

Results

Mean HDL‐C remained constant over the study in men (~48 mg/dL) and women (~58 mg/dL). A downward trend was observed for median TG levels in men (122 mg/dL, 2003‐2004; 98 mg/dL, 2013‐2014) and women (110 mg/dL, 2003‐2004; 90 mg/dL, 2013‐2014). The estimated frequency of obesity increased by 20.4 million, and the estimated frequency of diabetes increased by 9 million, affecting 21.2 million (10%) and 30.2 million (13%) US adults, respectively. The estimated frequency (and prevalence) of metabolic syndrome was unchanged at ~50 million (23%).

Conclusions

The frequency and prevalence of key cardiovascular risk factors, particularly diabetes and obesity, continue to increase in US adults and represent a substantial clinical burden. More effective preventive interventions are required to reduce the rising prevalence of obesity and its metabolic sequelae.
Manganese‐Zinc Ferrites: Safe and Efficient Nanolabels for Cell Imaging and Tracking In Vivo
Authors: Herynek Vít , Turnovcová Karolína , Gálisová Andrea , Kaman Ondřej , Mareková Dana , Koktan Jakub , Vosmanská Magda , Kosinová Lucie , Jendelová Pavla
Published: January 2019

Manganese‐zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal treatment, coated with silica, and then tested as efficient cellular labels for cell tracking, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. A toxicity study was performed on rat mesenchymal stem cells and C6 glioblastoma cells. Adverse effects on viability and cell proliferation were observed at the highest concentration (0.55 mM) only; cell viability was not compromised at lower concentrations. Nanoparticle internalization was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The particles were found in membranous vesicles inside the cytoplasm. Although the metal content (0.42 pg Fe/cell) was lower compared to commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles, labeled cells reached a comparable relaxation rate R2, owing to higher nanoparticle relaxivity. Cells from transgenic luciferase‐positive rats were used for in vivo experiments. Labeled cells were transplanted into the muscles of non‐bioluminescent rats and visualized by MRI. The cells produced a distinct hypointense signal in T2‐ or T2*‐weighted MR images in vivo. Cell viability in vivo was verified by bioluminescence.
Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Membranes for Point‐of‐Use Water and Air Cleaning
Authors: Roche Remi , Yalcinkaya Fatma
Published: January 2019

Novel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by using heat‐press lamination under various conditions. The air permeability and the burst‐pressure tests were run to select the membranes for point‐of‐use air and water cleaning. Membrane characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and average pore size measurements. Selected membranes were used for both air dust filtration and cross‐flow water filtration tests. Air dust filter results indicated that electrospun PAN nanofibrous membranes showed very high air‐dust filtration efficiency of more than 99.99 % in between PM0.3 and PM2.5, whereas cross‐flow filtration test showed very high water permeability over 600 L/(m2hbar) after 6 h of operation. Combining their excellent efficiency and water permeability, these membranes offer an ideal solution to filter both air and water pollutants.
Delayed methotrexate clearance in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia concurrently receiving dasatinib
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Vinks Alexander A. , O'Brien Maureen M.
Published: January 2019

We aimed to determine whether patients receiving dasatinib or imatinib concurrently with high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) had slower methotrexate clearance than patients not receiving a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) during the HDMTX infusion. Patients concurrently receiving dasatinib and HDMTX (N = 7) had significantly slower MTX clearance (P = 0.008) than patients not receiving a TKI (N = 111). Two patients receiving a TKI during a HDMTX infusion required glucarpidase. In vitro studies showed that dasatinib significantly inhibited methotrexate uptake by SLCO1B1‐expressing cells (P = 0.009). There may be an interaction between dasatinib and HDMTX, mediated by the transporter SLCO1B1, that causes a delay in MTX clearance.
Forty‐five consecutive cases of complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancy treated with microwave ablation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Meng Xinlu , Yuan Pengbo , Gong Lijun , Wang Xueju , Wu Tianchen , Wei Yuan , Zhao Yangyu
Published: January 2019

Objective

To describe our preliminary experience in the application of microwave ablation for selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies.

Methods

In this prospective study, 45 consecutive complicated monochorionic multiple pregnancies that underwent microwave ablation for selective fetal reduction from July 2015 to February 2017 were analyzed from the first case onward. All patients were managed at the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China.

Results

There were 45 cases (twins in 40 and triplets in five) treated by microwave ablation. The median gestational age at surgery was 21.3 weeks (range, 15.9‐25.7 wk), with a mean total ablation time of 8.5 ± 4.2 (7.2‐9.7) minutes. There were 12 (26.7%) cases of postprocedural fetal loss. Thirty‐three women delivered alive at a median gestational age of 37.6 weeks (range, 28.6‐40.4 wk). There were no neonatal deaths in our cohort, and the overall survival rate was 73.3% (33/45). Preterm premature rupture of membranes occurred in 9 (20.0%) cases with a median of 7.0 weeks (range, 0.9‐16.3 wk) after the surgery. None of the surviving cotwins had evidence of thermal injury or neurological abnormalities.

Conclusion

Microwave ablation appears to be a safe and effective method for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic pregnancies.
The relationship between behavior at school entry and services received in third grade
Authors: Kulkarni Tara , Sullivan Amanda L.
Published: January 2019

Recent studies report the cumulative prevalence of behavioral disorders among school‐age children to be second only to anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, by the time behavior has been identified as needing special education services, patterns of disruptive and externalizing behavior have often become unremitting. If at‐risk behavior can be reliably identified at school entry, there is potential to intervene early to reduce severity and chronicity of behavior. Thus, with the aid of a nationally representative sample (n = 17,490), this study aimed to ascertain if teacher‐observed disruptive behavior in kindergarten predicted children’s categorical identification for special education and receipt of behavior goals in their individualized education plans in third grade. Results indicated externalizing behaviors and approaches to learning at school entry, predicted identification with emotional disturbance, and other health impairment due to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in third grade. In addition, externalizing behaviors at school entry increased the likelihood of a child receiving an individualized education plan with an appropriate behavior goal. Self‐control was not a significant predictor of any outcome. Finally, the covariates of sex, reading achievement, and race at school entry were significantly associated with a child’s need for behavior‐related services. Implications for early intervention are discussed.
Co‐creating a school‐based Facing Your Fears anxiety treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder: A model for school psychology
Authors: Kester Karen R. , Lucyshyn Joseph M.
Published: January 2019

Across the disciplines of psychology, the research to practice gap is gaining recognition. This study used an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) framework to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of delivering an anxiety intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (i.e., FYF), in schools. Five participants (three educators and two parents) offered their perspectives on program strengths, barriers to implementation, and adaptations for the school setting. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The participants provided valuable information about program structure and considerations for implementation in schools. Results indicated that participants found the proposed modified
FYF to be acceptable and feasible and recommended pilot testing the intervention. Specific recommendations for adaptations are discussed. This study offers a model for researchers to collaborate with key stakeholders in adapting interventions for use in schools, thereby, bridging the gap between research and practice.
Thermal properties and structure of electrospun blends of PVDF with a fluorinated copolymer
Authors: Govinna Nelaka , Sadeghi Ilin , Asatekin Ayse , Cebe Peggy
Published: January 2019

We report the structure and thermal properties of blends comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a random fluorinated copolymer (FCP) of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐random‐1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl methacrylate, promising membrane materials for oil–water separation. The roles of processing method and copolymer content on structure and properties were studied for fibrous membranes and films with varying compositions. Bead‐free, nonwoven fibrous membranes were obtained by electrospinning. Fiber diameters ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 μm, and thinner fibers were obtained for PVDF content >80%. As copolymer content increased, degree of crystallinity and onset of degradation for each blend decreased. Processing conditions have a greater impact on the crystallographic phase of PVDF than copolymer content. Fibers have polar beta phase; solution‐cast films contain gamma and beta phase; and melt crystallized films form alpha phase. Kwei's model was used to model the glass transition temperatures of the blends. Addition of FCP increases hydrophobicity of the electrospun membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 312–322