bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pioneers in Librarianship
Authors: Nappo Christian A.
Published: February 2024

Pioneers in Librarianship profiles sixty notable librarians who made significant contributions to the field. Librarians chosen for inclusion in this volume met one or more of these three criteria:

The librarian conceived a new method for improving library services, invented their own method of book cataloging, or devised an administrative system for libraries to operate under.

The librarian is historically famous because he/she was notable historically.

The librarian was the first woman or minority to make significant achievements within the field of LIS.

The achievements of the librarians profiled here are important because they shaped the field. Many of their theories, ideas, and contributions are still being utilized in libraries today.

Librarians profiled here include Melvil Dewey, Carla Hayden, S. R. Ranganathan, Justin Winsor, Charles Coffin Jewett, Katharine Sharp, Pura Belpré, Allie Beth Martin, and John Cotton Dana.
Rebranding
Authors: Eliasof Jane Mitchell
Published: February 2024

The name “Historical Society” or “Historic House” has a bad rap. Before potential visitors even know your museum, they may assume it’s not for them, even if you lead progressive, inclusive tours and host innovative programs.

If you’re part of the leadership team of a historic house museum or historical society, you may have considered rebranding -- either renaming your organization or developing a new look – to be more appealing to a younger, more diverse audience or to reflect changes to your mission, interpretation, site, etc.

Using examples from museums of all sizes across the country, this book helps you decide whether to move forward with a rebranding effort and give you a concrete outline to work from.

The book will help you:

Decide if you should rebrand (and that you’re not just putting lipstick on a pig)

Nitty-gritty details about how to go about it

How to react when someone says you’re making a huge mistake

How much it will cost and where you can cut corners

How to evaluate what you’ve done.

Rebranding: A Guide forHistoric Houses, Museums, Sites and Organizations is a step-by-step guide that helps Executive Directors, Board members, and staff at history organizations decide if it’s time to rebrand and, if so, how to go about it. The book will guide readers through the process of deciding if a rebranding is in order, testing ideas, developing a plan and budget, implementing the launch, and even handling naysayers. It’s an essential guide for anyone rebranding a history organization.
The Pivot of Civilization
Authors: Sanger Margaret
Published: February 2024

Arguably her most important and influential book, this controversial work, first published in 1922 by pioneering birth-control advocate Margaret Sanger, attempted to broaden the still-radical idea of birth control beyond its socialist and feminist roots. Moving away from a single-minded focus on women's reproductive rights to the larger issue of the general health and economic prosperity of the whole human race, Sanger argued that birth control was pivotal to a rational approach toward dealing with the threat of overpopulation and its ruinous consequences in poverty and disease. Through this book Sanger hoped to persuade the medical establishment to assume control over contraceptive distribution, and thereby to lessen the religious, legal, and moral opposition that continued to restrict access to contraceptive information.

However important this book is to the history of women's rights, it remains a very problematic work from our more scientifically informed perspective today. In arguing for population control Sanger made frequent reference to the then fashionable "science" of eugenics. She also adopted its rhetoric, using such callous phrases as "the feeble-minded" and the "unfit" and advocating birth control as a means of limiting the breeding of "defectives, delinquents and dependents." Although she incorporated views and terminology commonly held in respectable medical and scientific circles of the day, Sanger's writings on eugenics, and this book in particular, have become fodder for her critics both on the left and the right, who seek to diminish her achievements and obscure what is ultimately a powerful feminist message: when women gain greater control over their fertility, they will improve the human race.

This unusual and historically significant book is complemented by a thoughtful and informative introduction by Peter C. Engelman, assistant editor of The Margaret Sanger Papers Project, who provides much insight by placing this work in the context of the age and Sanger's life.
Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality
Authors: Pickett Brent L.
Published: February 2024

The history of same-sex attraction and love is relevant to many aspects of history, including its social, religious, and political dimensions. The Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality provides a comprehensive survey of same-sex relations from ancient China and Greece to the contemporary world. The book covers religious traditions that have tolerated or had a role for same-sex relations, to those that have condemned it and called for punishment. The legal treatment of homosexuality, and the development in the modern world of a gay rights movements, are central areas of focus. In addition, there are a number of entries for specific countries and regions that provides concise summaries of how same-sex relations have been understood and treated around the globe. Court decisions and emerging norms in international law are also covered.

Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 200 cross-referenced entries on important historical figures, philosophic, artistic, and literary treatments of same-sex love, historical terms, and contemporary events. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about homosexuality.
Curatorial Practices for Botanical Gardens
Authors: Hohn Timothy C.
Published: February 2024

This breakthrough handbook for botanical garden and arboretum curators (and curators in training) has now been expanded and updated fifteen years after the last edition was published.

The new edition includes up-to-date information and methods for the preservation and conservation of plants and their use in both ex-situ and in-situ conservation programs, habitat restorations, and conservation research.

There are expanded and updated sections on plant acquisitions and field collecting that conform to the Convention on Biological Diversity protocols.

New technologies for documenting plant collections are described including reviews of the most common software programs to streamline this process.

Recommendations for plant preservation—caring for collections—have been updated with expanded information on basic horticulture practice, sustainable techniques, special applications for conservation collections, and examples of preservation plans.

There is an entirely new section on collections research and applications with several chapters on the latest conservation practices, technologies, and programs involving collections.

All of the basic and essential information for collections management contained within the first edition, including specific recommendations and examples, has been expanded and updated with recommendations on new technologies and procedures to assist and guide curators in their critical role as plant collection developers, managers, and programmers.

What is an important resource for public garden professionals and students has now become even more essential.
Black Mercuries
Authors: Wiggins David K. , Witherspoon Kevin B. , Dyreson Mark
Published: February 2024

"An essential source on African American athletes and Olympic history.” —Booklist, Starred Review, and Named a Booklist Top 10 Sports Book of 2023

The first book to fully chronicle the struggles and triumphs of African American athletes in the Modern Olympic summer games.

In the modern Olympic Games, from 1896 through the present, African American athletes have sought to honor themselves, their race, and their nation on the global stage. But even as these incredible athletes have served to promote visions of racial harmony in the supposedly-apolitical Olympic setting, many have also bravely used the games as a means to bring attention to racial disparities in their country and around the world.

In Black Mercuries: African American Athletes, Race, and the Modern Olympic Games, David K. Wiggins, Kevin B. Witherspoon, and Mark Dyreson explore in detail the varied experiences of African American athletes, specifically in the summer games. They examine the lives and careers of such luminaries as Jesse Owens, Rafer Johnson, Wilma Rudolph, Florence Griffith-Joyner, Michael Johnson, and Simone Biles, but also many African American Olympians who have garnered relatively little attention and whose names have largely been lost from historical memory.

In recounting the stories of these Black Olympians, Black Mercuries makes clear that their superior athletic skills did not always shield them from the racial tropes and insensitivity spewed by fellow athletes, the media, spectators, and many others. Yet, in part because of the struggles they faced, African American Olympians have been extraordinarily important symbolically throughout Olympic history, serving as role models to future Black athletes and often putting their careers on the line to speak out against enduring racial inequality and discriminatory practices in all walks of life.
So You Want to Work in Sports
Authors: Wee K. P.
Published: February 2024

An essential resource offering career insight and practical advice from industry-leading sports professionals.

In So You Want to Work in Sports, K. P. Wee has gathered invaluable first-hand perspectives from sports industry leaders with decades of experience in a range of fields, including broadcasting, sports management, journalism, scouting, marketing, analytics, and more. These seasoned professionals share their stories of how they got started in sports and the lessons they learned along the way. Wee shares how veteran sports radio reporter Ted Sobel deals with emotional athletes after a difficult loss; what broadcasters Chris King, Jeff Levering, and Steve Granado have to say about working in play-by-play; what advice Kris Budden has for conducting a quality interview; how respected baseball executive Andy Dolich got to where he is today, and more.

Full of tips, advice, and inspiration for those wanting to gain a foothold in the competitive sports industry, So You Want to Work in Sports is an indispensable resource for students and young professionals alike.
Walking Alone
Authors: Taylor Dan
Published: February 2024

The inspirational story of African American trailblazer Kenny Washington, the first player to reintegrate the NFL.

On September 29, 1946, football star Kenny Washington made history. When he trotted onto the field for the Los Angeles Rams, Washington broke the color barrier in the NFL.

In Walking Alone: The Untold Journey of Football Pioneer Kenny Washington, Dan Taylor reveals Washington’s immeasurable impact on his sport and beyond. Legends of the game hailed Washington as one of the greatest players in football history. He was also a baseball star, and Taylor recounts never-before-told details of the efforts to make Washington the first Black player in big league baseball along with Jackie Robinson. Taylor also delves into the heinous verbal and physical abuse Washington was subjected to, his refusal to play in the South, and how he positively impacted ignorant teammates and rivals through his character and talent.

Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, there was no more popular athlete in Los Angeles than Kenny Washington. Walking Alone chronicles for the first time the life story of this trailblazing football legend.
Pinnacle on the Mound
Authors: Wedge Doug
Published: February 2024

Cy Young Award winners spanning fifty years of baseball history reflect on their iconic seasons, keys to success, and most memorable moments.

In Pinnacle on the Mound: Cy Young Award Winners Talk Baseball, ten pitchers who were recognized as the best in the game share fascinating stories from their years in the majors. Featuring pitchers such as Hall of Famer Dennis Eckersley and five-time Gold Glove Award winner Ron Guidry, this bookoffers captivating insight into the players’ different approaches to the game, how they honed their skills, and what was happening behind the scenes in their award-winning seasons.

From fastballs to sinkers, curveballs to knuckleballs, this diverse group of pitchers found success in many different ways, whether it was mastering a new pitch or taking on the role of a closer. Including All-Stars Jim Lonborg, Mike McCormick, Randy Jones, Ron Guidry, LaMarr Hoyt, Dennis Eckersley, Jack McDowell, Barry Zito, R.A. Dickey, and Corey Kluber, Pinnacle on the Mound makes fifty years of baseball history come alive.
Whispers of the Gods
Authors: Golenbock Peter
Published: February 2024

"Anyone who has love for the game of baseball will enjoy this remarkable book." Library Journal, Starred Review

In Whispers of the Gods, bestselling author Peter Golenbock brings to life baseball greats from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s through timeless stories told straight from the players themselves.

Like the enduring classic The Glory of Their Times, this book features the reminiscences of baseball legends, pulled from hundreds of hours of taped interviews with the author. Roy Campanella talks about life in the Negro Leagues before coming up to the Brooklyn Dodgers. Ted Williams recounts why he believes Shoeless Joe Jackson belongs in the Hall of Fame. Tom Sturdivant provides vivid memories of Casey Stengel, Mickey Mantle, and other Yankee icons. Other voices include Phil Rizzuto, Jim Bouton, Monte Irvin, Stan Musial, Ron Santo, Rex Barney, Ellis Clary, Roger Maris, Ed Froelich, Marty Marion, Jim Brosnan, Gene Conley, and Kirby Higbe.

The players interviewed were All-Stars, Hall of Famers, and heroes to many, and their impact on the national pastime is still seen to this day. Baseball history comes alive through the stories shared in Whispers of the Gods, offering a fascinating account of the golden age of baseball.
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of the “Simultaneous Measurement of Infants’ Weight, Height, Head Circumference, Temperature, and Heart Rate Digital Device”
Authors: Qadimi Arezoo , Nikpour Fateme , Eshaghi Mohammad , Varzeshnejad Maryam
Published: February 2024

Background: The measurement of various components of infant growth is not only essential for monitoring infant health but is also associated with the well-being of infants and their parents, the use of human resources, frequent repositioning of infants, and a considerable amount of time. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to design and evaluate a device for the “simultaneous measurement of infants’ weight, height, head circumference, temperature, and heart rate”. Methods: This study follows a quantitative and semi-experimental approach. The “simultaneous measurement of weight, height, head circumference, temperature, and heart rate of a child” device was officially registered as an invention with the number 104232 on May 18, 2021. The sample for this study comprised 100 infants selected from hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data related to all 100 infants were collected and recorded using both routine measurement methods and digital devices. Data collection tools included the Wong-Baker Faces scale to assess infant distress and a demographic questionnaire for recording growth components and the time of measurement. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 20), and statistical significance was determined using the t-test (P < 0.05). Results: The comparison of mean distress scores in both the control and intervention groups revealed a significant reduction in infant distress scores during all measurements except for weight (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the number of infant repositions required for each measurement was reduced from 6 in the routine method to 2 with the digital device. Additionally, although 2 or 3 staff members were needed for measurements in the control group, only 1 staff member was sufficient for measurements in the intervention group. Discussion: Based on the evaluation results of the digital device, it is anticipated that this device could serve as a suitable alternative to the routine methods of measuring infant growth components. However, further studies are warranted to explore the broader applications of this digital device.
Internalized Stigma and Adherence to Treatment Among Outpatients with Mental Illness
Authors: Kazemi Fatemeh , Omidi Fahimeh , Shahmoradi Zahra , Ranjbaran Farideh , Tajerian Amin
Published: February 2024

Background: Treatment adherence, the key to therapy success and patients' quality of life, can be influenced by many factors in psychiatric patients, including self-stigma, alongside insight, illness duration, social support, health beliefs, personality, substance abuse, side effects, and life circumstances. Objectives: This study aims to identify factors, particularly self-stigma, affecting treatment adherence in stable psychiatric outpatients. Methods: A sample of 200 adult mental health patients in Arak, Iran, diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or anxiety disorders, participated in this study. Self-stigma was assessed using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale, and treatment adherence was measured using the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and chi-square tests. Results: Among the 200 participants (73 men and 127 women, with an average age of 35.1 years), the average stigma score was 62.8. The mean DAI-10 score was 4.8, with 172 showing positive medication attitudes. Younger, smoking, and alcohol-consuming patients showed lower treatment adherence. Higher self-stigma correlated with lower adherence, but there were no significant associations with gender, marital status, diagnosis, or diagnosis duration. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of addressing self-stigma as a barrier to treatment adherence in individuals with mental illnesses. Strategies to reduce self-stigma may improve treatment outcomes, especially among younger patients and those with substance use disorders. Further research is warranted to develop effective interventions for enhancing medication adherence in stable psychiatric outpatients.
Factors Affecting Sleep Problems Among Young People During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Report from Western Iran
Authors: Khazaie Habibolah , Rostampour Masoumeh , Rezaie Leeba , Komasi Saeid , Zakiei Ali
Published: February 2024

Background: Sleep disorders are a public health problem, and sleep studies among ethnic groups are few. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and sleep problems among Iranian people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4748 young people aged 18 to 35 (average: 27.58 years) in western Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 60.4% of the participants were men. The data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Demographic Information Questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: About 44.4% of the participants had unfavorable sleep quality and had sleep problems. Besides, the mean score of sleep problems (measured with PSQI) reported by the participants was 5.68±2.67. The logistic regression analysis showed that the participant’s age, education, marital status, occupation, drug abuse, alcohol consumption, use of mobile phones and the internet, and a history of previous sleep problems accounted for sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Based on the results, there was a high prevalence of sleep problems among Iranian young people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pengaruh Prosedur Pendataan Barang Terhadap Efektifitas Pengelolaan Data Aset Inventaris Di CV. Yummys Motherlacto Indonesia
Authors: Firmansyah Ach Baihaqi Annas , Evanthi Ayundha
Published: February 2024

CV. Yummys Motherlacto Indonesia faces challenges in the management process of inventory assets, particularly focusing on inventory asset data procedures. The challenges include procedures for registering new assets and manually recording assets using Microsoft Excel and physical logbooks. The objective of this research is to find solutions to address these challenges, aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. In this study, the researchers utilized knowledge in inventory management to handle inventory asset management, employing Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) as a solution to transition from manual methods to greater efficiency by developing an application using appsheet. Additionally, they leveraged forecasting techniques such as Demand Forecasting and extrapolation techniques, alongside ABC Analysis for categorizing the value of inventory assets. By overcoming the aforementioned challenges through solutions derived from the mentioned theories and knowledge, the research yielded outcomes that effectively improved the efficiency of the asset management process.
Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Strategi Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Pada Persebaya Amatir
Authors: Kharisma Elly , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Organizational culture is a set of established norms that constitute the values or characteristics of a company. Organizational culture can shape, influence, and even reflect the quality of human resources. Employee orientation can create effective strategies to enhance development within it. This journal discusses the analysis of the influence of organizational culture on the improvement of Human Resources Quality, also known as resources, in Persebaya Amateur. The quality of human resources can experience improvement due to the influence of the organizational culture created within it. This research uses a direct survey method involving interviews with relevant parties. Data are analyzed using organizational culture as a crucial factor influencing the improvement of human resource quality in the company. The creation of quality human resources is a significant impact of a positive organizational culture. In general, this research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on the strategies used to improve human resource quality. This is also to measure the strategies and roles in regression techniques to assess the extent to which organizational culture influences the internal club development strategy. The research results indicate that a positive and strong contribution of organizational culture can enhance effectiveness in strategies and roles in improving human resource quality, which can be utilized for the internal development of the Persebaya Amateur Club. The implications of these findings create a foundation for amateur football clubs to enhance performance and its positive impact on overall club development. This study can provide guidance for other amateur football clubs that seek to strengthen key aspects within their organizations.
Strategi Konten Kreatif Pada Media Sosial Instagram Untuk Meningkatkan Popularitas Klub Internal Persebaya Amatir
Authors: Rachma Sabila Amara , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: February 2024

The widespread use of the internet accessed by the public makes communication via social media an effective way to increase the popularity or fame of an account on social media. The important role of account managers on social media, especially Instagram, is one strategy for forming social media branding for a company, one of which is the football industry. This research aims to determine creative content strategies in increasing the popularity of a club on Instagram social media. The method or approach used in writing this journal is the qualitative descriptive method, where this method has a main focus that uses data acquisition that is as it is. The results of this research journal were obtained from uploading creative content on Instagram social media belonging to the Persebaya internal club in order to increase popularity among social media users, especially Instagram.
Pengenalan Fitur Free Pickup Service Pada Aplikasi “PosAja” Sebagai Upaya Mempermudah Masyarakat Dalam Mengirim Paket
Authors: Susanto Bagus , Khoirotunnisa Fani
Published: February 2024

Seeing the competition in the business market world is getting tighter, PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) which provides goods or mail delivery services if it does not innovate it will be less competitive, currently PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) is ranked number 3 nationally in the national ranking of services. Free pickup servive service or free package pick-up is an effort made by PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) so that customers do not go to other delivery services. The PosAja Indonesia application has great potential with various services provided, but the concern of the Indonesian people for the PosAja application is still lacking because of a number of problems, including PosAja is still fairly new, so the author is very interested in introducing the application as a form of community service with the title "The introduction of the free pickup service feature in the PosAja application as an effort to make it easier for people to send packages". Application introduction activities are carried out through Instagram social media by distributing posters addressed to all Indonesian people. The community service period starts on December 14 – 18, 202. For technical implementation, it starts from planning, action, and evaluation. The results of the introduction of the PosAja application through Instagram received a positive response from the public, and simply added information to the community. With the introduction of the PosAja application, it is expected that users of this application will increase. The introduction of the free pickup service feature of the PosAja application is expected that the public can know the existence of the Pos Aja application so as to increase the adoption of the PosAja application.
A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Pelecium Kirby (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Peleciini)
Authors: Orsetti Artur , Lopes-Andrade Cristiano
Published: February 2024

Pelecium Kirby, 1817 is a neotropical genus of flightless carabid beetles comprising 34 species, distributed from Panama to middle Argentina. Most species of Pelecium are known from short series and few localities, in some cases only from the holotype. Male and female abdominal terminalia are not described for the majority of the species, a situation that makes it difficult to describe new species or to study intraspecific variation. Here, we describe nine new species based on individuals from Brazil: Pelecium buckupi sp. nov., P. fistulosus sp. nov. and P. zaguryi sp. nov. from the Centre-West region, P. belloi sp. nov., P. chrissquirei sp. nov., P. straneoi sp. nov. and P. zophos sp. nov. from the Southeast region, and P. balli sp. nov. and P. grossii sp. nov. from the South region. We also provide new distributional records and descriptions of abdominal terminalia for twelve species: Pelecium atroviolaceum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. bolivianum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. cyanipes Kirby, 1817, P. helenae Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. laeve Chaudoir, 1854, P. negrei Straneo, 1962, P. drakei Quedenfeldt, 1890, P. punctatostriatum Straneo, 1970, P. purpureum Straneo, 1955, P. rotundipenne Schaum, 1860, P. striatum Straneo, 1955 and P. violaceum Brullé, 1838.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Interaktif melalui Pengembangan Modul Ajar Digital Berbasis Flip HTML5 untuk Mata Pelajaran Produktif di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Erlanda Rendi , A Yufrizal , K Arwizet , Prasetya Febri
Published: February 2024

Vocational education, as a specialised form of education, is designed to prepare students with practical and theoretical skills in various fields of technical, technological, and business expertise, in accordance with the demands of the labour market. The use of teaching modules in the PDTM class X Machining Engineering subject is not optimal, causing the learning process to be less effective. This study aims to develop a FlipHTML5-based PDTM teaching module at SMK Negeri 2 Banda Aceh, adopting the R&D development model with reference to the 4D model. The steps of the 4D model include definition, design, development, and dissemination. Research data were obtained through a questionnaire validation sheet, and data analysis using quantitative descriptive statistical methods with Aiken's V formula. The results showed that the developed module was feasible as a self-learning media. The validity of material experts reached (∑V) 0.842, and media experts reached (∑V) 0.909, with valid criteria. Based on the validity assessment, this PDTM learning module for class X Machining Engineering can be concluded as a feasible additional learning media for students.
New candidate SNPs for genetic association with Alzheimer’s disease: a linkage disequilibrium analysis for the FCGRIIB and PILRA genes
Authors: Levi-Monsalve Alejandro , Flores Sergio Vladimir , Manriquez Germán , Roco-Videla Ángel
Published: February 2024

Background Two new SNPs have been recently associated to Alzheimer’s disease in African American populations: FCGRIIB rs1050501 C/T, and PILRA rs1859788 A/G. The risk of Alzheimer’s disease in FCGRIIB C and PILRA A allele carriers is three times higher than in non-carriers. However, the association between these and other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has not been assessed. Methods Linkage disequilibrium analysis, with r= 0.8 as a threshold value, was used to impute new candidate SNPs, on genomic data from both genes in 26 populations worldwide (n= 2504) from the 1000Genomes database. Results Four SNPs (rs13376485, rs3767640, rs3767639 and rs3767641) were linked to rs1050501 and one (rs2405442) to rs1859788 in the whole sample. Conclusions Five novel SNPs could be associated with Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility and play a causal role, even if none of them are exon variants since their potential roles in the regulation of gene expression.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta
Authors: Damayanti Farikha , Tutik Susilowati  , Anton Subarno
Published: February 2024

This article aims to investigate the implementation of differentiated learning at SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta. The research focuses on teachers' understanding of the nature and implementation of differentiated learning, as well as the challenges they face in its implementation. To approach this issue, theoretical references are drawn from previous studies relevant to differentiated learning and diverse approaches for students. Data were collected through classroom observations, documentation of teaching materials, and interviews with the head of the curriculum department and teachers who have implemented differentiated learning. The data were then qualitatively analyzed using interactive descriptive techniques. The findings of this study conclude that the majority of teachers have a good understanding of the nature of differentiated learning and recognize the importance of valuing student diversity. However, teachers face several challenges, including managing classes with diverse levels of abilities, limited resources and technology, and differences in understanding and approaches in implementing differentiated learning. Efforts made to overcome these challenges include teacher training and development, the use of technology and digital resources, collaboration among teachers, and a flexible approach to teaching. Thus, this article provides an overview of the implementation of differentiated learning at SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta and recommendations for improving its implementation more effectively.
The sabercat Smilodon gracilis from Florida and a discussion of its relationships (Mammalia, Felidae, Smilodontini)
Authors: Berta Annalisa
Published: February 2024

Dentitions and limbs of the sabercat, Smilodon gracilis (Cope 1880), are described from several Florida localities, ranging in age from the late Blancan through the Irvingtonian. These samples provide the largest and best known record of the gracile sabercat. Specimens of S. gracilis from Florida are similar to the type material from Port Kennedy Cave, Pennsylvania. Smilodon gracilis is most closely related to S. populator Lund 1842 (junior synonyms include S. floridanus Leidy 1889, S. californicus Bovard 1907, and S. fatalis Leidy 1868, as revised by Slaughter 1963) and is recorded from diverse localities that range in age from the late Irvingtonian through the Rancholabrean in both North and South America. The gracile sabercat is more primitive than S. populator in having upper canines only slightly recurved; upper canines and cheek teeth with very finely serrated anterior and posterior margins; P4 with a well developed protocone; mandible with a large flange, two mental foramina, and a double-rooted P3); less robust limbs and elongate hindfeet. Smilodon shares a sister group relationship with Megantereon. S. gracilis is more derived than Megantereon in having incisors enlarged and procumbent, upper canines elongate and robust, P4 ectoparastyle well developed, and mastoid and glenoid processes enlarged. Smilodon gracilis shows a trend toward size increase through time. Limb morphology and proportions of smilodontines (including S. gracilis) are similar to forest felids although these sabercats are usually better sampled at sites where plains and open woodland habitats predominated. Judging from its highly specialized dentition and powerful, short limbs and feet, Smilodon evolved prey capture techniques that relied upon stalking and ambush rather than rapid pursuit.
The mammal species of north-central Venezuela
Authors: Eisenberg John F. , Polisar John R.
Published: February 2024

The terrestrial mammal fauna of Venezuela includes 327 species. In this paper we examine the mammal fauna from the six north-central states and the federal district This area includes the Caribbean coast, the north coastal ranges, the interior ranges, and the northern llanos. A diverse array of habitats are represented in this area: xeric scrub forests, montane rain forests, cloud forests, deciduous forests, and the savannas of the llanos. This north-central portion of Venezuela contains 180 species which have been vouchered and deposited in museums. The forested north coastal ranges include sites such as Guatopo National Park with some 95 species, while llanos sites, when gallery forests are included, may have up to 75 species. Some bat species have ranges restricted to specific vegetation complexes and/or altitudes. Representative examples of all major habitat types in this area currently receive some protection. National parks perform this role in the north coastal ranges and interior ranges. To-date the most successful protection of llanos flora and fauna seems to have been the result of private initiatives, on ranches such as Hato Piñero and Hato Masaguaral. In the llanos, maintenance of large mammals such as white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari), jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) will depend on linked networks of large ranches and parks in which habitats are intact and hunting levels low to nonexistent.
Small mammals of the Cajas Plateau, southern Ecuador: Ecology and natural history
Authors: Barnett Adrian A.
Published: February 2024

We captured 483 small mammals (19 species: 1 insectivore, 2 marsupials, 16 rodents) from sites between 2700 and 4000 m on the Cajas Plateau, Azuay Province, Ecuador. Fifteen species were taken in montane forest and 10 on the páramo. Five species occurred in both habitats. One species was new to science, three were recorded for only the second time and three records were major range extensions, including one species new to Ecuador. Comparisons with other Andean sites show the species diversity of small mammals on the Cajas Plateau to be among the highest recorded in the Andes. Reasons for this are discussed. Data are presented on habitat preferences, reproduction, diet and pelage variation for each species. Litter sizes at the small end of a species' range were consistently observed. Adversity selection (sensu Southwood, 1977) at high altitude is suggested as an explanation. The natural history of several species is reported for the first time since their original discovery.
Geographic variation of lean body mass and a model of its effect on the capacity of the raccoon to fatten and fast
Authors: Mugaas John N. , Seidensticker John
Published: February 2024

In the eastern United States, apparent lean body mass (ALBM) of raccoons (Procyon lotor) increased from south to north, and appeared to follow Bergmann's rule: subtropical Key Vaca, females = 2.0 kg, males = 2.4 kg; mild temperate southeastern United States, females = 3.2 kg, males = 3.5 kg; harsh to severe temperate Michigan and Minnesota, females = 4.5 kg, males = 5.0 kg. We postulated that selection has favored large lean mass in the cold parts of the raccoon's range because it provides greater fasting endurance. In mammals, as lean body mass (LBM) increases, the potential to store energy as fat (Fs = LBM1.0) increases out of proportion to the cost of basal metabolism (Hb = mass0.75). Thus, big fat raccoons should be able to fast for a longer period of time than small fat ones. We modeled these relationships for raccoons. We found that each increase in ALBM substantially increased the length of time they could fast. Since the increased fasting times were necessary for their winter survival, the model supported our hypothesis. We also concluded that the northern edge of their range is determined by the limits of their genetic potential to increase ALBM. The amount of fat deposited in the fall also varied geographically: subtropical raccoons achieved 14 to 17% apparent body fat (ABF), those from Florida to Virginia 19 to 42% ABF, and those around the Great Lakes 31 to 50% ABF. Geographic variation in ABF suggests that seasonal lipogenesis is coupled, via neuroendocrine mechanisms, to environmental cues that stimulate the appropriate degree of fat deposition in each local area. The data also suggest that there may be geographic differences in the capacity to fatten.
Studies on Pakistan Reptiles Pt. 1. The Genus Echis (Viperidae)
Authors: Auffenberg Walter , Hafeezur Rehman
Published: February 2024

This is the first of a series of studies intended to analyze the geographic patterns in the meristic characters of Pakistan reptiles. This part concerns the saw-scated vipers, Echis carinatus. The scales analyzed are numbers of ventrals, subcaudals, dorsal rows, rows of oblique dorsals, gulars, suboculars and supraoculars; color patterns include number of dorsal spots, ventral pattern, infralabials, lateral body and head. Maps of geographic variation in the means of each of these characters are provided and the patterns of variation within Pakistan are discussed. Each of the characters studied tends to have a different geographic distribution of mean values. However, one recurrent pattern is a rapid change in character state between Iranian Plateau populations (Chagai area, Pakistan) and those of the Quetta highland area. Coastal populations are also rather distinctive, but are generally similar to those in the Indus River Plain. Himalayan foothill populations are often similar to those of coastal areas, suggesting that these geographical peripheral populations are also peripheral in regard to genetic adaptation. In the Indus River Delta, populations can be subdivided into several distinct subgroups. The resulting mosaic of character states is attributed to historic factors concerned with changing positions of the deltaic distributaries during geologic time. Finally, the population in the Cholistan-Thar Desert at the Indo-Pakistan border is distinctive in both color and scalation. These differences are probably adaptive responses to local arid conditions. Several character states of this population and that in the Chagai Desert of northwest Pakistan are convergent. Of those climatic factors believed important within the adaptive mileau of this species, mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures during June and July (when they are most active) are considered most important. Some of the population differences probably reflectadaptations to water and heat loss. Contrary to recently published opinion, we conclude there is only one species of saw-scaled viper in Pakistan; its scientific name is Echis carinatus. Within Pakistan we recognize three distinct geographic races--E.c. multisquamatus Cherlin, E. c. sochureki Stemmler and E. c. astolae Mertens. The geographic distribution of characters analyzed shows that the major barrier to gene flow between E. c. sochureki and E. c. multisquamatus is the central north-south massif (Sulaiman Range, et al.). For E. c. sochureki and E. c. astolae it is the Arabian Sea, and for E. c. sochureki and E. c. carinatus (Indian Peninsula) it is largely a matter of overall distance. In general, the race E. c. sochureki is intermediate between E. c. multisquamatus and E. c. carinatus.
Pliocene mammals from Inchasi, Bolivia: The endemic fauna just before the Great American Interchange
Authors: Anaya Federico , MacFadden Bruce J.
Published: February 2024

A new, high-elevation (3200 m) mammalian local fauna is described from Communidad Inchasi, ca. 50 km SE of Potosi, Bolivia. The fauna consists of 4 orders (Edentata, Rodentia, †Litopterna and †Notoungulata), 9 families, 10 genera, and at least 11 species. Of these, one new genus and two new species of notoungulates are described. This fauna contains two genera endemic to the Bolivian altiplano, †Posnanskytherium and †Hypsitherium n. gen., whereas the remaining eight genera (†Glossotheridium, †Proscelidodon, †Plaina, †Plohophorus, †Paraglyptodon, †Chapalmatherium, †Caviodon, and † Promacrauchenia) are referable to previously described genera from the Pliocene ofArgentina. The biochronology of the Inchasi mammals indicates either a: (1) Montehermosan/ Chapadmalalan (undifferentiated) age because the included taxa are either restricted to the Montehermosan, Chapadmalalan, or span both mammal ages; or (2) Chapadmalalan age based on recent biostratigraphic redefinitions from classic localities in Argentina. Previous magneto- and biostratigraphic data indicate that the Inchasi beds and their contained mammalian fauna are middle Pliocene with an age range of between 3.3 and 4.0 myr ago. The Inchasi local fauna lacks any immigrant taxa and thus represents an endemic fauna that occurred about 1 myr before the beginning of the Great American Interchange.
Small Mammal Inventories in an Eastern Brazilian Park
Authors: Stallings Jody R.
Published: February 2024

Small mammal inventories were conducted between September 1985 and February 1987 in native forest, exotic forest, and open field habitats in a state forestry park in southeastern Brazil. In 40,490 trap nights, 17 species of non-volant small mammals were captured. This small mammal fauna was composed of 6 species of didelphid marsupials and 11 species of rodents. Open field habitats were dominated, in terms of species richness and relative abundance, by rodents. One species, Akodon cursor, represented 85% of the captures in this habitat type. Forested habitats, both native and exotic, were composed of more species of rodents, but higher relative densities of didelphid marsupials. Didelphid marsupials Metachirus nudicaudams, Marmosa incana, and M. cinerea were the three most common and ubiquitous forest-dwelling species captured during the inventory. Exotic Eucalyptus forests with native species subcanopyhelp to maintain the species diversity of small mammals in a landscape greatly altered by human activities.
Resource partitioning in a community of Philippine skinks (Sauria: Scincidae)
Authors: Auffenberg Walter , Auffenberg Troy
Published: February 2024

Eleven species of variously sympatric species of skinks were studied in southern Luzon, Philippines. In snout-vent length these species varied from 27 to 117 mm. Species diversity was found to be positively correlated with vegetation density. The food analyses were based on a total of 2481 adult specimens collected in monthly samples of about 30 individuals of each species for a period of one year. Excised stomachs contained 10,739 food items. Food size, volume, and seasonal representation were stressed in the analyses of each species. Additionally, seasonal insect abundance data were obtained for all of the major microhabitats of the lizard species. Annual abdominal fat accumulation and degradation cycles were investigated in all species. We found almost no evidence of food niche partitioning in most species investigated; exceptions were species that lived in unusual environments (arboreal, semiaquatic, marine littoral) inhabited by single species. However, food selection may be playing a role in the distribution of some terrestrial species living in close contact on the floor of local moist evergreen forests. There is no clear basis for suggesting that prey were selected on the basis of nutritional value. Nor was there a significant correlation between predator and prey size or volume-partly because several species frequently fed on inordinately large prey. Seasonal switching of prey types was common among almost all the species. The only exceptions were those that lived in very stable environments, such as the marine littoral. In all instances, such switching could be shown to be directly related to local insect abundances. Only about half of the local skinks possess abdominal fat at any time of the year. Of those that do, the annual accumulation and degradation cycle is similar in both males and females. In every species examined the cycle can be shown to be linked to seasonal insect abundance. The Caramoan Peninsula of southern Luzon contains a number of habitats, and no species of skink ranges through all of them. The local forest is richest in number of species, and this is believed due to its greater structural complexity. Among species inhabiting similar habitats there is significant ecological replacement, both horizontally as well as vertically.
A revision of the electric ray genus Diplobatis with notes on the inter-relationships of Narcinidae (Chondrichthyes, Torpediniformes)
Authors: Fechhelm Janice D. , McEachran John D.
Published: February 2024

We examined the morphological characters and internal anatomical features of the electric ray genus Diplobatis (Torpediniformes, Narcinidae) in order to determine the taxonomic status of the various forms. All specimens from the northern coast of South America (Colombia to Brazil) were found to be very variable in most morphological characteristics but to be identical in skeletal structure. Based on overlapping proportional measurements and a lack of distinguishing characters (both internal and external), D. altenai Boeseman 1963 is synonymized with D. pictus Palmer 1950, and the placement of D. guamachensis Martin 1957 in synonymy with D. pictus by Bigelow and Schroeder (1962) is verified. Three subspecies are recognized within D. pictus: D. pictus pictus Palmer, D. pictus guamachensis Martin, and D. pictus colombiensis new subspecies. D. ommata (Jordan and Gilbert 1890), from the Pacific coasts of Mexico and Central America, is found to be identical to D. pictus in skeletal anatomy and similar to its congener in most proportional measurements. D. ommata is distinguished from D. pictus by its dorsal color pattern and differing clasper morphology. The genus and species of Diplobatis are redefined, and the three subspecies are described. Finally, the four genera of Narcinidae (Benthobatis, Diplobatis, Discopyge, and Narcine) are compared and found to be very conservative anatomically. A phylogenetic analysis based on synapomorphic character states shows Discopyge and Narcine to be the sister group to the other narcinids.