bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rescue Mission Following the Hi-Jacking of the Lufthansa 737, “Landshut”
Authors: Renemann Horst H.
Published: May 2019

At 15:15 hrs on 17 October 1977, the Lufthansa Medical Service in Frankfurt was notified about the hijacking of a 737 Boeing aircraft. At 15:30 hrs the Crisis Management Staff (CMS) asked me if I would accompany a stand-by crew on the rescue mission. The intention of the CMS was to come to an agreement with the hijackers to exchange the crew of the hijacked plane for a stand-by crew accompanied by an airline physician. I agreed. Medicines and medical equipment for the treatment of injured and sick passengers were packed by medical assistants. At 16:30 hrs highly confidential information was received from CMS—GSG 9 that the Border Patrol Special Commando led by Commander Wegner would accompany the rescue mission which would henceforth be termed “Special Mission”. The hijacked plane was to be followed and seized. It was likely that in the course of this operation an unpredictable number of burns, gunshot wounds and other serious injuries could occur. In a very short time, medical assistants packed further huge crates full of first-aid packs, Macrodex infusions, analgesics, and so forth. I asked Dr. Straub, a medical colleague, and Mr. Reiser, a nursing assistant, both employees of the Lufthansa Medical Service, to accompany me as volunteers, and they agreed. At 16:45 hrs the CMS approved the medical team and the medical equipment.
Psychological Care of Passengers During and After Hijacking
Authors: Ploeger A.
Published: May 2019

This report refers to interviews with 53 of the passengers of the Lufthansa aircraft “Landshut,” liberated in 1977 in Mogadishu, Somalia and to information acquired during group-psychotherapy with 16 of these passengers. The psychological care during hijacking depends on the aim and situation of: a) the hijackers; b) the hostages; and c) the extorted.

a) The hijackers are usually motivated by political aims. They feel that their crime is mitigated by their ideology. They are aware of the high risk of their undertaking and the violent counter-actions of the authorities, but they are highly motivated personally and socially. Hence, they are continually in a state of extreme expectant tension with most intensive perception and alert awareness. This activates the high intelligence they may have, but it is combined with a disturbance of their perception of reality. Usually there are several hijackers. Their communication with each other is characterized by a strong hierarchy structure, where the giving and acceptance of command is strictly defined. Their social situation is that of a “group”. The group interactions give them some relief of anxiety.

b) Unlike the hijackers, the social situation of the hostages is that of a “crowd”. They have arrived at this situation by chance and usually without knowing each other personally. Since the formation of a group among the passengers would be an additional danger for the hijackers and would disturb their orientation and weaken their power, any verbal or non-verbal communication and any moving among the passengers is prohibited.
Calcium Antagonism in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Meuret G.H. , Themann H.
Published: May 2019

Drugs for CPR need reinvestigation; at the present time their use is as much an art as a science (14). American Heart Associations standards and guidelines and other recommendations for CPR call for the administration of 500 mg CaC12 i.v. routinely, in attempts to resuscitate patients with asystole or electromechanical dissociation (1). However, calcium's popularity for use in restarting the arrested heart has fallen (3,6,14).

There is a lack of evidence in the literature for calcium's supposed beneficial role in cardiac resuscitation. Calcium in combination with epinephrine — the traditional drug of choice in CPR — was not experimentally investigated before. On the other hand, the effects of calcium antagonists were never examined in CPR, but several theoretical considerations seemed to favor their use. However, a proposed use of calcium antagonists during CPR would lead to the withdrawal of current recommendations for the use of calcium.
Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial (BRCT)
Authors: Mullie A. , Lust P. , Penninckx J. , Vanhove L. , Vandevelde K. , Vanhoonacker G. , Janssens M. , Krier M. , Demeere J.L.
Published: May 2019

The Critical Care Medicine department, St. Jans hospital, Brugge, has a prehospital emergency medicine service (EMS) staffed by experienced intensive care specialists. We have been involved in clinical research for the improvement of cerebral outcome after circulatory arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) since 1977. In 1982, 250 patients in CA were resuscitated from an area of about 150,000 people. There were 70 short-term survivals, 30 longtime survivals. Although the success rate of CPR is highly influenced by important EMS related factors, including response time, a substantial proportion of hearts are restarted also after prolonged CA, but the patients die later in brain failure. There is evidence that the brain is not only damaged by the CA itself, but that lesions after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) progress and are amenable to therapy. We can illustrate the progressivity of brain lesions by two phenomena: 1) Animal experiments in other centers (P. Safar, J. Michenfelder) and our research at Janssen Pharmaceutics, Beerse, Belgium. Cerebral venous blood was sampled from the sagittal sinus after a prolonged CA (10 min); cerebral venous PO2 of 40-60 mmHg before CA, rose to 80-100 mmHg immediately after ROSC and about 1-2 h after ROSC decreased to 20-30 mmHg — indicating progressive failure of oxygen transport. 2) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enzyme activity was studied after CA in humans. We correlated final neurological outcome with the early appearance (at 2k h) of lytic enzymes in the CSF. In some patients who later recover neurologically only partially, CSF enzymes are still low at 2k h, as if the cells are still viable at this stage.
A Hospital Emergency Plan
Authors: Mezzetti M.G. , Mare F. , Pontari A. , Ronchetti E. , Serra G.C.
Published: May 2019

By definition, hospitals should be among the places with the highest safety index (1). But often, on these premises, we have occasional accidents which may be dangerous and which illustrate the way hospitals are exposed to various and often undervalued risks.

The incidences of unforeseen, dangerous situations involving sudden accidents, of uncontrollable emergency conditions and also of larger catastrophes are awful. Recent accidents proved inadequate safety inside hospitals. In Parma (2) escaping gas was followed by an explosion that destroyed a division of the hospital and resulted in wounded and dead. In Mondovi, an explosion in the central heating system of the hospital caused the death of an employee. A fire that broke out in an old people's home in Southern Italy brought about the death of three persons. The first shocks of the earthquake in 1980 caused the death of many patients and staff (including six physicians) in the so called “safe” hospital of San Angelo Dei Lombardi. In the earthquake in 1976 many patients and some personnel of the hospital staff in Gemona, Friuli lost their lives (3)

Apparently these facts are not closely linked together. Some were caused by human error, others by inadequacy of buildings, age of structures, even where the disaster was due to natural causes. However all these events show the presence of the common denominator of “high risk,” typical of hospital structures (4,5). The principle dangerous situations are: (a) risks coming from the structures of the premises (no earthquake-proof principles of modular structure); and (b) risks connected with the working activities (6,7).
Guidelines for Fixed Wing Air Ambulance Flights
Authors: Fairhurst R.J. , Antrobus Captain D.
Published: May 2019

The easy availability of small aircraft for charter, has been accompanied by increasing willingness on the part of insurance companies to pay the costs for the use of these air ambulances. Operators of aircraft in the United Kingdom and Europe were becoming increasingly worried about the moral, medical and legal implications of carrying seriously ill or injured passengers. In late 1980 the UK Air Taxi Operators Association (ATOA) began to formulate Guidelines for air ambulance operations, and in 1981 these were incorporated into the studies of the same subject by the International Business Aircraft Association (IBAA), Europe. This paper presents the Guidelines adopted by the ATOA and ratified by IBAA Europe. The Guidelines are designed not to hamper the development of aeormedical rescue, but to bring it within a proper medical aeronautical framework for the safety of the patients, and medical and aircraft crews.

During the last 30 years development of the international travel market in Europe has resulted in many patients becoming ill or suffering injuries many miles from their own home. In the past these people would have remained in a local hospital and received treatment by the locally available facilities. There has been a revolution in the technology of medical transport, providing skills and equipment which allows the most seriously injured people to be transported over long distances. The public demand has pressed insurance companies to offer as part of travel packages the possiblity of medical repatriation. The number of new serious medical cases abroad reported to Europ Assistance in London, rose from 736 in 1978 to a projected 3,500 in 1983.
Organization of Health Services in Refugee Camps of Somalia: Integrating National Services and International Aid
Authors: Tresalti E. , Abdulle F. , Ismail H.
Published: May 2019

The Somali government has had to deal with serious health problems in the refugee population, especially malnutrition, tubercolosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, and parasitic diseases, arising from changes in environment and living patterns, the process of migration itself, lack of food, and the settlement in special camps. Emergency health plans have therefore been formulated by the Ministry of Health in concert with international agencies, foreign governments, and private aid organizations. An original contribution has been made by the Department of Community Health at the Faculty of Medicine at the National University, in the field of health education and health care. A number of problems were encountered, originating from varying philosophies of intervention and from the particular cultural characteristics of the population. The authors compare their experience with the period of mass resettlement during and after the 1974-75 drought in order to arrive at recommendations for the planning of health services in similar situations.
Nutritional State of Children in Qorioley Refugee Camps, Somalia
Authors: Tresalti E. , Ismail H. , Egal K.A.
Published: May 2019

The nutritional status of children in the 3 refugee camps at Qorioley, Somalia, was studied in Dec, 1979-3an 1980. Out of the 13,000 children under 5 in a total camp population of 49,000, a sample of 1700 was selected for measurements. Food and water supplies and environmental hygiene were also evaluated. Growth in weight was near normal from birth to 7 mo. age, slowed sharply during 7-24 mo. (as compared with reference curves), and picked up during 24-60 mo., to become nearly parallel to, although lower than, the normal curve. The arm circumference curve was similar. Growth curve for height, on the other hand, was closer to the reference curve. The curve for head circumference was normal. These data clearly point to malnutrition one of the major indices of poor health. Food supply for 3000 cal daily per child was theoretically available (not counting medically ordered supplements), but in many cases did not reach the children because of cultural food taboos and it having been sold to obtain other goods.
A Refugee Health Care Training Workshop for Health Professionals in the United States
Authors: Feldstein Bruce , Frelick Graeme
Published: May 2019

Since the Cambodian refugee emergency of 1979, refugee emergencies continue to be a global problem. Health care workers returning from the Cambodian emergency relief presented the need for improved predeparture training and orientation to the Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Pittsburgh and elsewhere (1,2). The special training needs of health professionals working in such emergencies have come to the attention of the National Council for International Health in the US (NCIH) whose role is to increase US effectiveness in international health in developing countries (3,4,5). NCIH, established in 1971, is a private non-profit organization. Membership includes individuals, private and voluntary organizations, health and medical associations, universities, governmental agencies, foundations, corporations and consulting firms.

Worldwide today, more than 10 mill. refugees have been forced to leave their homelands because of political and civil disturbances, war, famine, earthquakes, floods and other disasters. Host governments are often unable to deal with these situations and rely on international relief to provide for the various physical, humanitarian and other needs of these victims.

Providing health care is a complex process that takes place in phases within political, economic, social and cultural constraints that are unfamiliar to health care workers without prior experience or special training. Unfortunately training to meet these emergencies is either non-existent or consists of brief predeparture sessions. Only a fraction of those with prior experience are available at short notice. In Thailand, for example, organizations were forced to recruit medical professionals who were inexperienced in refugee relief.
Emergency Medical Services System Activation of a Pre-Planned Disaster Response to an Airplane Crash
Authors: Jacobs Lenworth M. , Bennett Barbara R.
Published: May 2019

The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system response to a multiple victim disaster can be preplanned to identify various components, such as scene authority, communications, triage, vehicular staging, and point-of-entry of patients to area hospitals. On 1/23/82, a DC-10 airplane carrying 210 people, slid off the runway while landing at night on ice at Boston's Logan airport. The plane broke into two pieces after it slid into Boston Harbor; 33 patients required definitive medical management and were transported to 7 area hospitals. The Boston EMS system, coordinated through one Resource Trauma Center, utilizing a central communications center, was responsible for the medical component. Hospital categorization on-scene triage, patient staging, patient transportation and regionalization of resources have changed the City's plan to reflect new EMS developments.

On January 23, 1982, Boston experienced the final stages of a winter storm that began with snow followed by freezing rain. A plane with 198 passengers and 12 crew members was the last plane scheduled to land before the runway was closed for plowing and sanding. The DC-10 landed and slid off the runway into Boston Harbor. The plowing and sanding crew that was scheduled to service the runway was in position, and therefore witnessed the incident and confirmed the crash.
On-Site Management and Treatment of Motor Car Racing Casualties
Authors: Nancekievill David
Published: May 2019

In 1964, the medical team at motor car races consisted of 2 physicians, including the author, several first aid workers, and 2 nurses. Only one physician stood at the trackside and sophisticated equipment was non-existant. Nevertheless, it was possible to resuscitate drivers who had suffered a cardiac arrest at the moment of impact, by simple cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In 1965, the Grand Prix mobile hospital was added. This was a Juggernaut container lorry containing a well-equipped operating room and scrub up area. It was found to be of little use in the UK, although the idea behind it was well intentioned. The problem with the unit was one of mobility. It was certainly true that the hospital could be taken from London to Paris, but it was far too big to be driven from the car park to the injured driver at the side of the track. In 1968, theBritish Racing and Sports Car Club (BRSCC) introduced the first rescue unit. This short wheel base vehicle was presented to the club by Ford as a service to motor sport. It contained all necessary fire-fighting, cutting and medical equipment. It was to reach the scene of any accident within 3 minutes. In that way a driver whose heart had stopped at the moment of impact could be resuscitated before his brain suffered irreparable damage. Apart from firemen, the rescue unit carried a physician, usually an anaesthetist skilled in resuscitation. As a result, the standard of care around the circuit became standardized after the first few minutes.
The importance of formulating insect growth regulators with surfactants and their blends for the control of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Mkhize J. N. , Gupta A. P.
Published: May 2019

The use of surfactants and their blends to improve the penetration of two insect growth regulators (IGRs; hydroprene and R-20458) into wheat kernels was investigated. It was found that formulation of IGRs with a surfactant, Tween-85 (polyoxyethylene trioleate), increased mortality and/or effectiveness of the IGRs. Formulation of hydroprene with a blend of Span-80 (sorbitan monooleate) with Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene monooleate) produced results comparable to those by hydroprene with Tween-85. However, formulations of IGRs with surfactants with high or low hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), failed to provide suitable control of the weevil, probably due to the type of emulsions formed. The same results were obtained with hydroprene formulations with blends of Spans and Tweens, even though their HLBs were close to that of Tween-85. Residual half-life for hydroprene was about three months; formulations with Tween-85 or a blend of Span-80 did not enhance the residual activity for hydroprene in wheat.
Residual toxicity of various insecticidal formulations to the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Scolytidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Mansingh Ajai , Rhodes Llewellyn F.
Published: May 2019

The persistence of 34 formulations in the green (G) and red (R) berries of C. arabica var. typica, infested with female adult H. hampei were assayed by a dip-technique. The 3-day LC50 values in G and R (figures in parentheses) berries for thiodan EC 35 were 0.00284 (0.00327), and the relative ratio of values for other formulations were: perfekthion 1.2 (2.1) > carbicron 1.6 (2.3) > basudin 3.5 (3.2) > actellic 4.0 (3.6) > decis 4.1 (3.7) > thiodan EC 3 4.2 (4.2) > bidrin 5.8 (5.0) > malathion 5.8 (5.1) > lindane 5.8 (5.6) > ciodrin 5.9 (5.6) > folimat 6.0 (6.0) > belmark 6.2 (6.3) > aldicarb 8.0 (9.7) > nexion 11.0 (12.0)>kelthane 13.5 (15.4) > tiovel 14.6 (16.3) > dursban 15.6 (22.0) > chlordane 17.8 (23.8) > methomyl 21.5 (24.3) > aldrin 25.1 (24.9) > supona 27.2 (26.5) > dimilin 29.0 (27.5) > methoxychlor 31.7 (92.2) > chlorfenvinphos 35.8 (92.5) > dieldrin 41.2 (93.8) > phosdrin 65.0 (94.7)>sevin 104.2 (118.0)> nexagan 106.4 (121.9) > bimarit 196.4 (301.7) > azodrin 271.2 (410.4) > fenitrothion 448.3 (417.0) > chlorpyrifos 448.8 (614.3) > gardona 514.6 (703.1), -fold more than the thiodan EC 35 values.

The 7-day LC50 values for 29 formulations were ca 10–82% less than those of the 3-day values; the decrease in the values for leading formulations being thiodan EC 35 13.4 (8.3), perfekthion 6.5 (39.9), carbicron 12.4 (10.6), thiodan EC 324.3 (16.4), malathion 35.2 (25.7), lindane 82.1 (76.9) and tiovel 59.6 (67). The values for the 17 least toxic formulations (except dimilin and bimarit) showed ca 27–88% decrease during the last 4 days of observations.
New tetrapodomorph vertebrates from the Yam-Tesovo locality (Amata Regional Stage, Middle–Upper Devonian) of Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia
Authors: LEBEDEV Oleg A. , CLÉMENT Gaël
Published: May 2019

Each piece of data is valuable for unearthing the earliest history of tetrapod origin. Despite frequently incomplete preservation, each skeletal element provides important information on the morphology, phylogeny and faunistic diversity of early tetrapodomorphs. We describe here new and earlier collected material from the fossil vertebrate site Yam-Tesovo on the Oredezh River (Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia) in the deposits of the Yam-Tesovo Formation within the Amata Regional Stage (?lowermost Frasnian, Upper Devonian). Upon similarity of their dermal ornamentation, two mandibular fragments are suggested to belong to the new tetrapodomorph taxonRubrognathuskuleshovin. gen. et sp. This species demonstrates a general ‘elpistostegalian' morphological pattern with some early tetrapod characters. The new taxon is characterised by an almost closed intercoronoid fossa, a prearticular that is strongly convex in section and bearing small teeth along its dorsal margin, low vertical coronoid laminae and coronoid fangs that enter the coronoid tooth row. The mandibular canal runs partly in open groove or opens to the surface by a row of large pores. The dermal ornament consists of a network of small ridges forming tubercles in the nodes. The postfrontal assigned to Tetrapodomorpha shows a ‘tetrapod-like' pits-and-ridges sculpturing and a supraorbital ridge characteristic of early tetrapods as well as ‘elpistostegalians'. Its long posterolateral bone margin demonstrates a lateral projection similar to that inTiktaalikand unknown in other ‘elpistostegalians' and early tetrapods. An unusually flattened vomer is doubtfully related to the tetrapodomorph genusLivonianaAhlberg, Lukševičs & Mark-Kurik, 2000, based upon characteristic multiple tooth rows. Teeth in rows decrease labially and show no clearly enlarged fang pairs. New finds of the last two decades present the earliest records of some tetrapod characters in non-limbed tetrapodomorphs. This challenges previous hypotheses on the origin of tetrapods.
Anale Inkontinenz
Authors: Lamm Sebastian , Rosenberg Robert
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die anale Inkontinenz ist eine Erkrankung mit hoher Prävalenz vor allem in der älteren weiblichen Bevölkerung. Das Wissen um diese Erkrankung und aktive Befragung helfen die hohe Dunkelziffer und damit verbundenes unnötiges Leiden von unseren Patientinnen abzuwenden. Erfreulicherweise ist die Stuhlinkontinenz häufig bereits mit konservativen Mitteln zu lindern. Mit der SNM steht heutzutage eine wirksame, schonende und kosteneffiziente Methode zur Verfügung. Alternative Operationstechniken haben sich in der Schweiz bis heute nicht durchgesetzt.
Mud on the Move
Authors: den Hond Bas
Published: May 2019

Powerful submarine flows known as turbidity currents are starting to give up their secrets.
Farm Ponds Sequester Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Burke Ty
Published: May 2019

Despite runoff from nitrogen-rich fertilizer, agricultural ponds act as powerful sinks for nitrous oxide.
Wide-field auroral imager onboard the Fengyun satellite
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xin , Chen Bo , He Fei , Song Ke-Fei , He Ling-Ping , Liu Shi-Jie , Guo Quan-Feng , Li Jia-Wei , Wang Xiao-Dong , Zhang Hong-Ji , Wang Hai-Feng , Han Zhen-Wei , Sun Liang , Zhang Pei-Jie , Dai Shuang , Ding Guang-Xing , Chen Li-Heng , Wang Zhong-Su , Shi Guang-Wei , Zhang Xin , Yu Chao , Yang Zhong-Dong , Zhang Peng , Wang Jin-Song
Published: May 2019

The newly launched Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite carried a wide-field auroral imager (WAI) that was developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP), which will provide a large field of view (FOV), high spatial resolution, and broadband ultraviolet images of the aurora and the ionosphere by imaging the N2 LBH bands of emissions. The WAI consists of two identical cameras, each with an FOV of 68° in the along-track direction and 10° in the cross-track direction. The two cameras are tilted relative to each other to cover a fan-shaped field of size 130° × 10°. Each camera consists of an unobstructed four-mirror anastigmatic optical system, a BaF2 filter, and a photon-counting imaging detector. The spatial resolution of WAI is ~10 km at the nadir point at a reference height of 110 km above the Earth’s surface. The sensitivity is >0.01 counts s−1 Rayleigh−1 pixel−1 (140–180 nm) for both cameras, which is sufficient for mapping the boundaries and the fine structures of the auroral oval during storms/substorms. Based on the tests and calibrations that were conducted prior to launch, the data processing algorithm includes photon signal decoding, geometric distortion correction, photometric correction, flat-field correction, line-of-sight projection and correction, and normalization between the two cameras. Preliminarily processed images are compared with DMSP SSUSI images. The agreement between the images that were captured by two instruments demonstrates that the WAI and the data processing algorithm operate normally and can provide high-quality scientific data for future studies on auroral dynamics.
Statistical Modeling of Heart Rate Variability to Unravel the Factors Affecting Autonomic Regulation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Joshi Rohan , Kommers Deedee , Guo Chengcheng , Bikker Jan-Willem , Feijs Loe , van Pul Carola , Andriessen Peter
Published: May 2019

Analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in preterm infants can help track maturational changes and subclinical signatures of disease. We conducted an observational study to characterize the effect of demographic and cardiorespiratory factors on three features of HRV using a linear mixed-effects model. HRV-features were tailored to capture the unique physiology of preterm infants, including the contribution of transient pathophysiological heart rate (HR) decelerations. Infants were analyzed during stable periods in the incubator and subsequent sessions of Kangaroo care (KC) – an intervention that increases comfort. In total, 957 periods in the incubator and during KC were analyzed from 66 preterm infants. Our primary finding was that gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) have the largest influence on HRV while the HR and breathing rate have a considerably smaller effect. Birth weight and gender do not affect HRV. We identified that with increasing GA and PMA, overall HRV decreased and increased respectively. Potentially these differences can be attributed to distinct trajectories of intra- and extrauterine development. With increasing GA, the propensity towards severe HR decelerations decreases, thereby reducing overall variability, while with increasing PMA, the ratio of decelerations and accelerations approaches unity, increasing overall HRV.
Size distribution of airborne particle-bound PAHs and o-PAHs and their implications for dry deposition
Authors: Gao Yaqin , Lyu Yan , Li Xiang
Published: May 2019

Size distribution of o-PAHs vs. their parent compounds and their implications for dry deposition.
Tin–zinc-oxide nanocomposites (SZO) as promising electron transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shalan Ahmed E. , El-Shazly Ayat N. , Rashad Mohamed M. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: May 2019

Tin–zinc-oxide nanocomposites (SZO) with various Sn : Zn ratios were successfully fabricated and tested as electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs).
N,P co-coordinated Fe species embedded in carbon hollow spheres for oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Tan Xin , Wu Kuang-Hsu , Chiang Chao-Lung , Lin Yu-Chang , Lin Yan-Gu , Wang Da-Wei , Smith Sean , Lu Xunyu , Amal Rose
Published: May 2019

Carbon hollow spheres (FeNPC) with single-atomic and octahedral FeNxPy active sites are fabricated for oxygen electrocatalysis.
Threshold catalytic onset of carbon formation on CeO2during CO2electrolysis: mechanism and inhibition
Authors: Wang Jiayue , Bishop Sean R. , Sun Lixin , Lu Qiyang , Vardar Gulin , Bliem Roland , Tsvetkov Nikolai , Crumlin Ethan J. , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Bournel Fabrice , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Yildiz Bilge
Published: May 2019

Suppressing Ce3+–Ce3+pair formation avoids carbon deposition on CeO2-based electrode during CO2electrolysis, found byin operandoX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Mechanochemistry-assisted encapsulation of metal nanoparticles in MOF matrices via a sacrificial strategy
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Zhang Zhihua , Xiao Weiming , Deng Shengjun , Chen Chao , Zhang Ning
Published: May 2019

A facile mechanochemical pathway was developed to in situ transform solid metal precursor-supported MNP hybrids into MNPs@MOF.
Fabrication of continuous apatite-graded collagen spongesviaelectrolysis method
Authors: Irawan Vincent , Sasaki Yusuke , Ikoma Toshiyuki
Published: May 2019

Electrolysis of collagen/hydroxyapatite solution is a powerful method for obtaining collagen sponges with gradually-graded apatite contents. The porous bodies are promising scaffolds for osteochondral defects.
Coercivity enhancement and mechanism in a high Ce-containing Nd–Ce–Fe–B film by the design of a diffusion layer
Authors: Liu Yang , Xia Weixing , Liu J. Ping , Du Juan , Yan Aru , Guan Denggao , Liu Youhao , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2019

Herein, the Nd–Ce–Fe–B film was used as a model system to evaluate the full potential of Ce magnets with high Ce concentration and characterize the high-coercivity mechanism of magnets.
Hardware‐in‐the‐loop performance analysis of a railway traction system under sensor faults
Authors: Garramiola Fernando , Poza Javier , Olmo Jon del , Nieva Txomin
Published: May 2019

Fault mode and effects analysis (FMEA) has been used during decades for analysing the effects of faults in different applications. Initially, FMEA based on risk priority numbers provided information about the effects in the system, but during the last years different approaches have been developed to obtain a more robust risk evaluation. The proposed enhanced FMEA can provide the quantitative effects of sensor faults in a railway traction drive, in variables such as torque, current and voltages. In addition to the previous work, quantitative effects on overall performance indicators, such as energy efficiency and comfort, are obtained too. Hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL)‐based fault injection approach has been used to generate fault scenarios. The test platform is composed of a real‐time simulator and a commercial traction control unit for a railway application.
Suizidalität bei Menschen mit pathologischem Glücksspiel
Authors: Bischof Anja , Bischof Gallus , Meyer Christian , Orlowski Svenja , Brandt Dominique , Trachte Anika , Wurst Friedrich M. , John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Suizidalität ist bei Menschen mit pathologischem Glücksspiel ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen. Risikofaktoren für Suizidalität sind bei Menschen mit Glücksspielproblemen in hohem Maße anzutreffen. Zudem gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass pathologisches Glücksspiel selbst einen Risikofaktor für Suizidgedanken und -versuche darstellt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die jüngsten Erkenntnisse aus der internationalen Forschung zum Zusammenhang von pathologischem Glücksspiel und Suizidalität unter Berücksichtigung von psychiatrischer Komorbidität zusammen. Internationale Studien zeigen, dass abhängig vom Erhebungssetting zwischen 19 und 62% der Teilnehmenden mit pathologischem Glücksspiel Suizidgedanken und 10 bis 26% einen Suizidversuch unternommen haben. Das Risiko von Suizidalität bei glücksspielbezogenen Problemen zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer erhöhten Sensibilität im Hilfesystem für dieses Thema und für eine Verstärkung präventiver Maßnahmen.
Personal Psychodynamics of Complications
Authors: Vogelzang Robert L.
Published: May 2019

Complications are an uncommon but psychologically difficult aspect to any procedural specialty. Being able to deal with the personal aspect of complications and having the tools to learn from and grow from complications are vital aspects of the practice of radiology. This article discusses the psychodynamics of complications that occur in interventional radiology and proposes some coping mechanisms to deal with these adverse events.
Percutaneous Transarterial Stent Placement in a Transplant Liver Hepatic Artery Complicated by Angioplasty Balloon Rupture and Fragmentation
Authors: Vairavamurthy Jenanan P. , Li Charles , Urban Seth , Katz Michael
Published: May 2019

The incidence of posttransplant hepatic arterial stenosis (HAS) has been reported in 5 to 10% of orthotopic liver transplants and, left untreated, can lead to hepatic arterial thrombosis. Most vascular complications develop less than 3 months after initial transplant, with thrombosis representing over half of all complications. There has been a trend toward minimally invasive, endovascular techniques for treating HAS with angioplasty and stenting. In one review of endovascular therapies for HAS, primary technical success was achieved in 95% of the interventions. Complication rates following endovascular repair of HAS have been reported to be between 0 and 23% in the literature. The main risk factors for complications include tortuosity of the hepatic artery and history of a second liver transplant. Other associated risk factors include female gender, age greater than 60 years, prior history of transarterial chemoembolization, and multiple arterial graft anastomoses. The case presented here is representative of a complication of balloon rupture and fragmentation in a patient undergoing hepatic arterial stent placement post–liver transplant.
Videolaryngoscope-Aided Electrode Placement for Lower Cranial Nerve Monitoring in a Child with Tonsillar Enlargement
Authors: Thakkar Keta , Singh Georgene , Babu K. S.
Published: May 2019

Intraoperative neuromonitoring for tumor resection near brain stem consists of monitoring the lower cranial nerves (CNs) and motor evoked potentials to check for integrity of CN and corticospinal pathway. Usually CN mapping of CN VII (orbicularis oris/oculi and frontalis bilaterally), CN IX, CN X (posterior pharyngeal wall and soft palate bilaterally, vocal cords), CN XI (sternomastoid bilaterally), and CN XII (tongue bilaterally) is done. An intraoral pathology such as tonsillar enlargement especially in pediatric patients can pose a challenge to placement of the electrodes for CN monitoring. Videolaryngoscope will aid in better visualization and safe and precise placement of electrodes in the posterior pharyngeal wall, soft palate, vocal cords, and tongue. Thus, integration of different technologies aims to provide a safer and scientifically sound anesthetic technique and improves the outcome even in challenging situations.
A new measurement technique for non-equilibrium plasmas
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: May 2019

Radar resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) uses microwave scattering to overcome certain practical challenges for measuring non-equilibrium plasmas.
Verified records of Kuhl’s devil ray (Mobula kuhlii) in the Solomon Islands from citizen scientists
Authors: Chin A. , Rigby C. , Short A. , White W. T.
Published: May 2019

Citizen science provides valuable information about species distributions. The Shark Search Indo-Pacific project received photographs of devil rays (Mobula spp.) from the Solomon Islands that were identified as Kuhl’s devil ray (Mobula kuhlii). These records represent new knowledge about the range and distribution of a poorly known species in an undersampled region.
Finding Inspiration for the Next Generation of Breast Radiologists
Authors: Lane Deanna L , Parikh Jay R
Published: May 2019

Challenges currently facing breast radiologists, including controversial screening mammography guidelines, radiologist burnout, and the perceived threat posed by artificial intelligence could deter potential candidates from pursuing a career in radiology. However, breast radiologists play a fulfilling role by decreasing the effect of breast cancer through both early detection and direct interaction with patients and interdisciplinary clinical colleagues. While perception is that artificial intelligence will threaten the need for radiologists, it is more likely that it will improve image interpretation and efficiency in workflow, thereby further improving patient care. Trainees can be engaged in breast imaging through interactive teaching methods and by role modeling clinical and image interpretation skills.
Best Practice Operative Strategies and Surgical Techniques for Preventing Caesarean Section Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Martin E.K. , Beckmann M.M. , Barnsbee L.N. , Halton K.A. , Merollini K. , Graves N.
Published: May 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:956–964)

The risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean section has been estimated to be as high as 9%. This is a problem for both women and health service providers and may lead to pain, depression, persistent seroma, and delay returning to normal activities. Currently, available evidence for perioperative strategies and surgical techniques have been reported individually. One recent systematic review has already become outdated due to new evidence. This study aimed to identify a suite of perioperative strategies and surgical techniques to reduce SSI risk after cesarean section, while including guidance for decision-making clinicians.
Reducing Maternal Mortality in the United States
Authors: Lu M.C.
Published: May 2019

(JAMA. 2018;320(12):1237–1238)

Between 2000 and 2014, while many other countries saw decreases in maternal mortality, the rate in the United States more than doubled (9.8 to 21.5 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births). In addition, large ethnic/racial, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities exist, with African American women almost 3 times more likely than white women to die of complications related to pregnancy.
Association of Paternal Age With Perinatal Outcomes Between 2007 and 2016 in the United States: Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Khandwala Y.S. , Baker V.L. , Shaw G.M. , Stevenson D.K. , Lu Y. , Eisenberg M.L.
Published: May 2019

(BMJ. 2018;363:k4372)

As maternal age rises in the United States, the age of fathers is also increasing, with the percentage of births to fathers over age 40 doubling since the 1970s. While the effects of increased maternal age have been studied extensively, there is a lack of conclusive research regarding the effects of increased paternal age on pregnancy outcomes. There have been suggested links between the high number of male germ cell divisions in aging fathers and autism, genetic abnormalities and other adverse outcomes, although previous studies have not been adequately powered. This retrospective population-based cohort analysis aimed to examine associations between paternal age and maternal and neonatal health in the United States.
The Language of First-Trimester Nonviable Pregnancy: Patient-reported Preferences and Clarity
Authors: Clement E.G. , Horvath S. , McAllister A. , Koelper N.C. , Sammel M.D. , Schreiber C.A.
Published: May 2019

(Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133:149–154)

There is no consensus on terminology regarding first-trimester pregnancy loss (<10 wk of gestation) in the literature. Consequently, the terms miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and early pregnancy loss are often used interchangeably. It is quite possible that this variability in terminology has contributed to previously reported patient dissatisfaction with health care provider communication during the time of loss diagnosis. To gain insight into the patient experience and address this area for improvement, the authors of the present study surveyed women experiencing first-trimester pregnancy loss in a multisite, randomized trial.
Association Between Oxygen Saturation Targeting and Death or Disability in Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-Analysis Collaboration
Authors: Askie L.M. , Darlow B.A. , Finer N. , Schmidt B. , Stenson B. , Tarnow-Mordi W. , Davis P.G. , Carlo W.A. , Brocklehurst P. , Davies L.C. , Das A. , Rich W. , Gantz M.G. , Roberts R.S. , Whyte R.K. , Costantini L. , Poets C. , Asztalos E. , Battin M. , Halliday H.L. , Marlow N. , Tin W. , King A. , Juszczak E. , Morley C.J. , Doyle L.W. , Gebski V. , Hunter K.E. , Simes R.J.
Published: May 2019

(JAMA. 2018;319(21):2190–2201)

Oxygen saturation is almost universally measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) in neonatal intensive care units. While a lower SpO2 target (≤90%) may reduce retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), it also may impair neurodevelopment or increase the risk of death. On the other hand, higher oxygen levels (SpO2 target >90%) may increase the risk of adverse pulmonary sequelae. In 2003, 5 investigators planning separate randomized prospective clinical trials using similar study designs agreed to provide data after completion for a meta-analysis. This article detailed the results of the meta-analysis.
Effect of High-dose Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Preeclampsia (FACT): Double-blind, Phase III, Randomized Controlled, International, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Wen S.W. , White R.R. , Rybak N. , Gaudet L.M. , Robson S. , Hague W. , Simms-Stewart D. , Carroli G. , Smith G. , Fraser W.D. , Wells G. , Davidge S.T. , Kingdom J. , Coyle D. , Fergusson D. , Corsi D.J. , Champagne J. , Sabri E. , Ramsay T. , Mol B.W.J. , Oudijk M.A. , Walker M.C.
Published: May 2019

(BMJ. 2018;362:k3478)

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and causes >35,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year. While studies of the association between folic acid supplementation and the incidence of preeclampsia have yielded inconsistent results, a potential protective effect has been shown. Worldwide, folic acid supplementation has been recommended during the preconception period through the first trimester for the prevention of neural tube defects. Preeclampsia, however, has 2 stages: 1 in the late first trimester and another in the third trimester. This study aims to evaluate the effect of daily high-dose (4.0 mg) folic acid supplementation beyond the first trimester on the risk of preeclampsia in women with identified risk factors.
Haemodynamic Stability After Paracervical Block: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Study Comparing Bupivacaine-Adrenaline With Bupivacaine
Authors: Sjoeen G.H. , Falk R.S. , Hauge T.H. , Langesaeter E.
Published: May 2019

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018. Doi:10.1111/aas.13259)

For gynecologic procedures involving the cervix or uterus, long-acting local anesthetics like bupivacaine, administered via paracervical block, can provide a significant reduction in postoperative pain scores. Adrenaline can be added to local anesthetics to reduce toxicity potential. However, there are few data available regarding the frequency and magnitude of hemodynamic changes in patients when adrenaline is added to local anesthetics. In this randomized controlled trial, the authors examined hemodynamic stability after paracervical block in healthy patients given bupivacaine with and without adrenaline.
Association Between Intrapartum Epidural Use and Maternal Postpartum Depression Presenting for Medical Care: A Population-based, Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Y. , McArthur E. , Dixon S. , Dirk J.S. , Welk B.K.
Published: May 2019

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018;35:10–16)

Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs commonly, with a prevalence of 6% to 22% reported in the medical literature. This disorder can adversely affect both the mother and infant with the most severe cases leading to self-harm, suicide and rarely even infanticide. However, many women suffering from PPD do not seek help from medical professionals, so the disorder is underreported. In fact, there are some initiatives underway that recommend mandatory screening for PPD. Over the past few years, there have been several studies published that evaluated the association between the use of epidural labor analgesia and the development of PPD. The results have been conflicting, however, with some reporting a decreased risk in women who received epidural analgesia and others reporting no effect or an increased risk. This current retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study aimed to determine whether intrapartum epidural use was associated with postpartum women seeking care for PPD while accounting for maternal and neonatal characteristics that could also affect the development of PPD.
Exploring Student Beliefs and Attitudes About Learning Spanish in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Curriculum
Authors: Millar Daniel , Pechak Celia
Published: May 2019

Introduction.

Health professions education programs have incorporated Spanish language training in their curriculum to address the needs of a growing Spanish-speaking patient population with limited English proficiency. The purpose of this study was to explore Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) student beliefs and attitudes about learning Spanish to contribute to the body of knowledge related to effective language training approaches in health professions programs.

Methods.

Selected participants were students in their fifth semester in the DPT Program at the University of Texas at El Paso. Sixteen participants completed an online survey that asked their demographics, overall self-assessment of Spanish proficiency when entering the DPT Program and perceived percentages of improvement, and ranked level of agreement with each of the 13 statements concerning beliefs and attitudes about learning Spanish. Descriptive statistics were used to report data from the survey. Eleven subjects also participated in either a beginner or an intermediate focus group to further discuss their responses to the 13 statements in the survey. Verbatim transcripts were generated from each of the focus groups, and investigators completed content analysis to identify themes.

Results.

While participants in the beginner group reported more improved proficiency relative to baseline, the intermediate group participants anticipate greater improvements in proficiency by the end of the DPT Program. Though distinct themes emerged from each focus group, subjects in each group reported that improvements in their Spanish proficiency were facilitated by these shared themes: (1) constructive learning environment; (2) demographic relevance; and (3) therapeutic relationships. Both groups also identified a need for more formal, integrated Spanish learning opportunities.

Discussion and Conclusion.

Shared themes underscore the importance of fostering self-efficacy, using engaging learning techniques, and promoting cultural competency when learning a foreign language. These recommendations may help guide the design or enhancement of Spanish language training models in health professions curriculum.
Approach to infection and disease due to adenoviruses in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Florescu Diana F. , Stohs Erica J.
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review

Adenoviruses are an important cause of morbidity and mortality of solid organ transplant patients and remain a clinical challenge with regard to diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we provide an approach to identification and classification of adenovirus infection and disease, highlight risk factors, and outline management options for adenovirus disease in solid organ transplant patients.

Recent findings

Additional clinical data and pathologic findings of adenovirus disease in different organs and transplant recipients are known. Unlike hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, adenovirus blood PCR surveillance and preemptive therapy is not supported in solid organ transplantation. Strategies for management of adenovirus disease continue to evolve with newer antivirals, such as brincidofovir and adjunctive immunotherapies, but more studies are needed to support their use.

Distinguishing between adenovirus infection and disease is an important aspect in adenovirus management as treatment is warranted only in symptomatic solid organ transplant patients. Supportive care and decreasing immunosuppression remain the mainstays of management. Cidofovir remains the antiviral of choice for severe or disseminated disease. Given its significant nephrotoxic effect, administration of probenecid and isotonic saline precidofovir and postcidofovir infusion is recommended.