bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fixed-Time Control with an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm for Robotic Arm Performance Optimization
Authors: Zhang Ruochen , Choi Hyeung-Sik , Jung Dongwook , Cho Hyunjoon , Anh Phan Huy Nam , Vu Mai The
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach that integrates a fixed-time control (FTC) algorithm with an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) to enhance the trajectory tracking accuracy of a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) robotic arm. The FTC algorithm, which incorporates barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and adaptive neural network strategies, ensures rapid convergence, effective vibration suppression, and the robust handling of system uncertainties and input saturation. The ISSA, inspired by the foraging behavior of sparrows, improves search efficiency through dynamic weight adjustments and chaotic mapping, balancing global and local search capabilities. By optimizing control parameters, ISSA minimizes tracking errors. Simulation results demonstrate that the combined FTC and ISSA approach significantly reduces tracking errors and improves response speed compared to the use of FTC alone, underscoring its potential for achieving high-precision control in robotic arms and offering a promising direction for precise robotic control applications.
Research on the A* Algorithm for Automatic Guided Vehicles in Large-Scale Maps
Authors: Chen Yuandong , Pang Jinhao , Gou Yuchen , Lin Zhiming , Zheng Shaofeng , Chen Dewang
Published: November 2024

The traditional A* algorithm faces the challenges of low search efficiency and large node extension range in the field of path planning. These directly restrict the overall performance of the algorithm. In this study, we aimed to improve the search efficiency and path planning quality of the A* algorithm in complex and large-scale environments through a series of optimisation measures, including the innovation of weight design, flexible adjustment of the search neighbourhood, improvement of the heuristic function, and optimisation of the node selection strategy. Specifically, this study innovatively introduces the local obstacle rate as the core index of weight design, and it dynamically adjusts the weights according to the change of the obstacle rate during the node movement process, which effectively reduces the search space and significantly improves the search speed. At the same time, according to the real-time change of the local obstacle rate, this study dynamically adjusts the range of the search neighbourhood, so that the algorithm can choose the optimal search strategy according to different environmental information. In terms of the improvement of the heuristic function, this study adopted the diagonal distance as the benchmark for cost estimation, and it innovatively introduces the angle coefficient to reflect the complexity of path turning, thus providing the algorithm with a more accurate guidance for the search direction. In addition, this study optimises the node selection method by drawing on the idea of simulated annealing, which eliminates the need to calculate and compare all possible surrogate values during the node selection process, thus significantly reducing the running time of the algorithm. The results of the simulation experiments fully verify the effectiveness and practicality of the improved algorithm. Compared with the traditional A* algorithm, the improved algorithm achieved significant optimisation in terms of the average running time, the number of expansion nodes, and the path length, with the average running time shortened by 84%, the number of expansion nodes reduced by 94%, and the path length also shortened by 2.3%.
Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing of Fibre-Reinforced Materials: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Liampas Stylianos , Kladovasilakis Nikolaos , Tsongas Konstantinos , Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) plays a significant role in the 4th Industrial Revolution due to its flexibility, allowing AM equipment to be connected, monitored, and controlled in real time. In advance, the minimum waste of material, the agility of manufacturing complex geometries, and the ability to use recycled materials can provide an advantage to this manufacturing method. On the other hand, the poor strength and durability of the thermoplastics used in the manufacturing process are the major drawback that keeps AM behind common production methods such as casting and machining. Fibre-reinforced polymers can enhance mechanical properties, advance AM from the commonly used polymers, and make AM competitive against conventional production methods. The main focus of the current review is to examine the work conducted in the field of reinforced additively manufactured technologies in the literature of recent years. More specifically, this review discusses the conducted research in the composite fibre coextrusion (CFC) additive manufacturing techniques developed over the past years and the materials that can be used. In addition, this study includes an up-to-date comprehensive review of the evaluation of fibre-reinforced 3D printing along with its benefits in terms of mechanical response, namely tensile, flexural, compression and energy absorption, anisotropy, and dynamic properties. Finally, this review highlights possible research gaps regarding fibre-reinforced AM and proposes future directions, such as deeper investigations into energy absorption and anisotropy, to position fibre-reinforced AM as a preferred fabrication method for ready-to-use parts in cutting-edge industries, including automotive, aerospace, and biomedical sectors.
Performance of Molasses Waste as a Cement Replacement to Study Concrete Compressive Strength
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Usama Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad Usman , Ali Muhammad Umar , Zafar Muhammad Shajih , Vocciante Marco
Published: November 2024

To reduce the negative environmental impact of cement production and preserve natural resources, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of concrete specimens at different curing ages and to determine the compressive strength of these specimens by replacing cement with molasses. Experimentation was carried out on the concrete specimens at a temperature range of 25 °C to 30 °C; six specimens were cast for each replacement ratio, except for 0.75% wt. of cement (86.55 g) and 1% wt. of cement (113.6 g), where five samples were considered for each ratio. The average 28-day compressive strength of the conventional concrete specimens came out to be 29 MPa, but increased to 40 MPa with the addition of 0.25% wt. of cement molasses (28.85 g). It was observed that as the percentage of molasses waste in the concrete mix was further increased by replacing the cement, the compressive strength of the concrete specimens increased gradually and then significantly decreased. The findings shed light on the prospect of using molasses waste instead of cement in the concrete mix. Also, it is worth mentioning that about 30% of the cost–benefit was obtained with reference to that of conventional admixtures available in the market for the production of concrete. However, it is notable that a long-term durability study needs to be conducted before making it viable. This work not only addresses a sustainable and innovative method of waste management (SDG12), but also contributes to low carbon emissions (SDG13). The novelty of this work lies in the fact that no such kind of study has been conducted in Pakistan so far, in addition to the very limited international literature available, and, in particular, no evidence on the compressive strength results at higher molasses dosages, i.e., 1% wt. of cement (113.6 g) and 2% wt. of cement (230.8 g).
The Exergo-Economic and Environmental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar–Natural Gas Power System in Kirkuk
Authors: Alfaris Ali , Akroot Abdulrazzak , Deniz Emrah
Published: November 2024

The increasing environmental challenges posed by the widespread use of fossil fuels and the fluctuating nature of renewable energy have driven the need for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. Current research is actively exploring hybrid energy systems as a means to address these issues. One such area of focus is the integration of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) with gas and steam turbines, utilizing both natural gas (NG) and solar parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) as energy sources. This study examines the performance of a hybrid system implemented in Kirkuk, Iraq, a region known for its substantial solar radiation. Previous research has shown that hybrid systems can effectively enhance energy conversion efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, but there is still a need to assess the specific benefits of such systems in different geographical and operational contexts. The analysis reveals a thermal efficiency of 59.32% and an exergy efficiency of 57.28%. The exergoeconomic analysis highlights the optimal energy cost at USD 71.93/MWh when the compressor pressure ratio is set to 8 bar. The environmental assessment demonstrates a significant reduction in CO2/emissions, with a carbon footprint of 316.3 kg CO2/MWh at higher compressor pressure ratios. These results suggest that integrating solar energy with natural gas can substantially improve electricity generation while being both cost-effective and environmentally sustainable.
Improving CNN Fish Detection and Classification with Tracking
Authors: Zouin Boubker , Zahir Jihad , Baletaud Florian , Vigliola Laurent , Villon Sébastien
Published: November 2024

The regular and consistent monitoring of marine ecosystems and fish communities is becoming more and more crucial due to increasing human pressures. To this end, underwater camera technology has become a major tool to collect an important amount of marine data. As the size of the data collected outgrew the ability to process it, new means of automatic processing have been explored. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been the most popular method for automatic underwater video analysis for the last few years. However, such algorithms are rather image-based and do not exploit the potential of video data. In this paper, we propose a method of coupling video tracking and CNN image analysis to perform a robust and accurate fish classification on deep sea videos and improve automatic classification accuracy. Our method fused CNNs and tracking methods, allowing us to detect 12% more individuals compared to CNN alone.
Improving the Dynamics of an Electrical Drive Using a Modified Controller Structure Accompanied by Delayed Inputs
Authors: Urbanski Konrad , Janiszewski Dariusz
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the operation of a modified speed controller with a standard PI/PID structure that includes the preprocessing of the controller’s input signal, focusing on the past behavior of control errors. The modification involves adding a delay line, with the outputs of the individual line segments summed with a weighting method, as detailed in the paper. One of the significant advantages of this method is its use of a standard industrial controller structure, which makes it highly practical and easily implementable in existing systems. By relying on well-established control frameworks, this approach reduces the need for specialized hardware or complex modifications, allowing for smoother integration and lower implementation costs. The delay-based signal shaping shows excellent properties for the electric drive system powered by a hard-switching PWM converter. The set of weighted delays acts as a filter whose parameters are chosen using the quality function to test different configurations for optimal performance. When tested in a speed control system for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, the modifications improved the control quality index, indicating better performance and efficiency. Importantly, the system allows for reducing or eliminating the gain in the differentiating part of the controller, which decreases motor current chattering and noise. This paper includes an experimental verification of the proposed solution in a laboratory setting under semi-industrial conditions.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Frequency- and Temperature-Dependent Characteristics in Viscoelastic Materials Using Prony Series
Authors: Aslan Gökhan , Aktürk Nizami
Published: November 2024

This study comprehensively investigates the frequency- and temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties of two elastomer materials, focusing on the comparison between experimental results and theoretical models derived from Prony series coefficients. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was performed across a broad temperature range of 0–100 °C and frequency range of 0.1–100 Hz to generate storage modulus and relaxation modulus data for both materials. Relaxation tests were conducted at 25 °C to further characterize the time-dependent behavior. Time–Temperature Superposition (TTS) was applied to the resultant shift factors used to fit both Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) and Arrhenius equations. Additionally, sinusoidal sweep tests were carried out at 0 °C, 25 °C, 50 °C, and 80 °C, with frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 1000 Hz, to experimentally determine the natural frequencies of the elastomers. The findings demonstrate that Prony series coefficients derived from storage modulus data offer a more accurate prediction of the viscoelastic response and natural frequencies compared to those derived from relaxation modulus data. The storage modulus data closely match the experimentally observed natural frequencies, while the relaxation modulus data exhibit larger deviations, particularly at higher temperatures. The study also reveals temperature-dependent behavior, where increasing temperature reduces the stiffness of the materials, leading to lower natural frequencies. This comprehensive analysis highlights the importance of selecting appropriate modeling techniques and data sources, particularly when predicting dynamic responses under varying temperature and frequency conditions.
Evaluation of Quality of Innovative E-Learning in Higher Education: An Insight from Poland
Authors: Wolniak Radosław , Stecuła Kinga
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of research on the quality of e-learning in Polish higher education. The authors used an internet questionnaire for the study. The research sample was 621 students. Firstly, the researchers determined 14 variables that are important for the quality of e-learning. Then the students evaluated these variables with scores from 1 to 5. The students agreed the most with the following statements: “using the e-learning platform is convenient” (average: 4.20 and median 5.00), and “logging in to the e-learning platform is easy” (average 4.38, median 5.00). Moreover, the authors studied the relation between the quality of e-learning in Polish universities and the following variables: the ease with which the student can acquire content in traditional teaching and e-learning, the student’s knowledge of information technology and their possession of the resources necessary for e-learning, and the student’s assessment of the innovation of e-learning solutions used by the university where the student studies.
Determination of Recovery by Total Restitution or Compensation Using Multifrequency Vestibular Tests and Subjective Functional Scales in a Human Model of Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Armato Enrico , Dumas Georges , Perottino Flavio , Casteran Matthieu , Perrin Philippe
Published: November 2024

Background: Vestibular Neuritis (VN) can induce unilateral acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). This study aimed to identify predictive factors of recovery from vestibular neuritis considering total restitution and/or compensation. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 40 patients were included. The initial assessment, performed within 36 to 72 h from the onset (T0), included medical history taking (general and specific), including screening for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and a battery of diagnostic vestibular tests, comprising the bithermal caloric test (BCT), video head impulse test (VHIT), and skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) test. All patients also completed a Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). All assessments were repeated 90 ± 15 days later (T3). Subjective compensation criteria were based on the DHI total score, and objective compensation criteria were based on laboratory test results. Four groups of patients (A, B, C, D) were delineated by combining patients with normal vs. abnormal vestibular tests and patients with normal vs. abnormal DHI. Results: CVRFs (but not age or body mass index (BMI)) were associated with a poorer recovery of symptoms. The BCT (lateral semicircular canal paresis %), VHIT (lateral semicircular canal gain), and SVINT (nystagmus slow phase velocity) recovered to normal values in 20%, 20%, and 27% of patients, respectively, at T3. Conclusions: Vascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia) are correlated with patients who do not recover their symptoms via either total restitution or compensation. There was no significant difference between high- and low-frequency vestibular tests in patients recovering from their symptoms. Some patients with objective recovery may continue to have persistent subjective symptoms.
Stationary Distribution and Density Function for a High-Dimensional Stochastic SIS Epidemic Model with Mean-Reverting Stochastic Process
Authors: Zhang Huina , Sun Jianguo , Wen Xuhan
Published: November 2024

This paper explores a high-dimensional stochastic SIS epidemic model characterized by a mean-reverting, stochastic process. Firstly, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a global solution to the stochastic system. Additionally, by constructing a series of appropriate Lyapunov functions, we confirm the presence of a stationary distribution of the solution under R0s>1. Taking 3D as an example, we analyze the local stability of the endemic equilibrium in the stochastic SIS epidemic model. We introduce a quasi-endemic equilibrium associated with the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic system. The exact probability density function around the quasi-stable equilibrium is determined by solving the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation. Finally, we conduct several numerical simulations and parameter analyses to demonstrate the theoretical findings and elucidate the impact of stochastic perturbations on disease transmission.
Developing an Innovative Seq2Seq Model to Predict the Remaining Useful Life of Low-Charged Battery Performance Using High-Speed Degradation Data
Authors: Bae Yong Seok , Lee Sungwon , Moon Janghyuk
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) deep learning model for predicting lithium-ion batteries’ remaining useful life. We address the challenge of extrapolating battery performance from high-rate to low-rate charging conditions, a significant limitation in previous studies. Experiments were also conducted on commercial cells using charge rates from 1C to 3C. Comparative analysis of fully connected neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and long short-term memory networks revealed their limitations in extrapolating to untrained conditions. Our Seq2Seq model overcomes these limitations, predicting charging profiles and discharge capacity for untrained, low-rate conditions using only high-rate charging data. The Seq2Seq model demonstrated superior performance with low error and high curve-fitting accuracy for 1C and 1.2C untrained data. Unlike traditional models, it predicts complete charging profiles (voltage, current, temperature) for subsequent cycles, offering a comprehensive view of battery degradation. This method significantly reduces battery life testing time while maintaining high prediction accuracy. The findings have important implications for lithium-ion battery development, potentially accelerating advancements in electric vehicle technology and energy storage.
Thermal Runaway Warning of Lithium Battery Based on Electronic Nose and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Pu Zilong , Yang Miaomiao , Jiao Mingzhi , Zhao Duan , Huo Yu , Wang Zhi
Published: November 2024

Characteristic gas detection can be an efficient way to predict the degree of thermal runaway of a lithium battery. In this work, a sensor array consisting of three commercial MOS sensors was employed to discriminate between three target gases, CO, H2 and a mixture of the two, which are characteristic gases released during the thermal runaway of lithium batteries. In this work, an integrated model that makes the classification stage results one of the feature inputs for the concentration regression stage was employed, successfully reducing the RMSE of the concentration regression results. In addition, we also explored the influence of the selection of the response time length on the classification and regression tasks, achieving the best results in a short time through the optimum algorithm. To assess the impact of time duration sensor data on the results, we selected four time windows of different length and extracted the corresponding sensor response data for subsequent processing. Initially, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualise the clustering of the three target gas samples at room temperature, providing a preliminary data analysis. For the classification phase, we chose three classification algorithms—MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), ELM (Extreme Learning Machine), and SVM (Support Vector Machine)—and performed a comprehensive comparison of their classification and generalisation abilities using grid search for hyperparameter optimisation and five-fold cross-validation. The results demonstrated that MLP achieved 99.23% classification accuracy during the 20 s response period. In the concentration regression phase, we combined the classification results with the raw features to create a new feature set, which was then input into a multi-output MLP regression model. The root mean square error (RMSE) employing the new feature set was used to measure the prediction error. Ultimately, the findings showed that the input of combined features significantly reduced the regression error for the mixed gas.
Model-Based Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Solid-State Batteries: Impact of Laser-Ablated Geometrical Structures
Authors: Scheller Maximilian , Durdel Axel , Frank Alexander , Jossen Andreas
Published: November 2024

Due to challenges in manufacturing composite cathodes with oxide solid electrolytes, new cell concepts are emerging in which the infiltration of solid-polymer electrolyte (SPE) into 3D cathode pore structures improves capacity retention and cycling stability. However, the performance limitation and the resulting practical relevance of such a hybrid concept have not yet been analyzed and discussed. This study investigates the impact of laser-ablated geometric structures on the performance of hybrid solid-state batteries (SSBs). A Doyle–Fuller–Newman modeling approach is developed and parameterized for structured hybrid SSBs that incorporate a PEO/LiTFSI SPE and an LLZO ceramic separator, as well as NMC-811 and Li-metal for the positive- and negative-electrode active materials. Comparison between structured and planar cell designs reveals significant rate capability improvements in structured designs due to reduced diffusion and interfacial charge transfer polarization. A sensitivity analysis of geometric structure parameters shows further potential for performance improvement in terms of specific capacity and energy density. However, current constriction effects in the LLZO separator can deteriorate the rate capability. A more general perspective is then taken by analyzing the impact of changing SPE parameters. An energy density of 128 Wh kg−1 at 1C, and 220 Wh kg−1 at 1C with improved SPE parameters is achieved in the best case, approaching the target of 250 Wh kg−1, which is currently achieved for conventional Li-ion batteries.
Genetical and Morphological Identification of Prosthogonimus pellucidus (Digenea, Prosthogonimidae) in Grus japonensis
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Ye , Gao Zhong-Yan , Zhang Xian-Guang , Jiang Bo-Tao , Wang Hong-Bao
Published: November 2024

Species of the family Prosthogonimidae are considered the most pathogenic trematodes of poultry and wild birds worldwide, causing heavy economic losses in many countries. Prosthogonimosis was a common parasitic disease of Grus japonensis (Müller, 1776) which caused inflammation of the cloaca and bursa of Fabricius and even death. Morphological identifications of Prosthogonimus species are easily confusing; therefore, molecular characterization is used for discrimination. The present study was conducted to identify Prosthogonimus species at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, northeast of China. Considering the morphological variability and wide host range of individual Prosthogonimus species, a combination of both morphological and molecular analyses is indispensable for the valid identification of this parasite and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified for the sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis. The results of molecular analysis together with phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the Prosthogonimus pellucidus (von Linstow, 1873) in this study form a single cluster with P. pellucidus, revealing potentially high diversity within the genus Prosthogonimus. Classification of Prosthogonimus species seems to be unrelated to the host and may be related to geographical location. These data provide a significant resource of molecular markers for studying the taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics of Prosthogonimidae.
Forecasting Suitable Habitats of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in Asia: Insights into the Present and Future Climate Projections Within and Beyond Extant Boundaries
Authors: Abedin Imon , Singha Hilloljyoti , Kang Hye-Eun , Kim Hyun-Woo , Kundu Shantanu
Published: November 2024

Terrestrial carnivores, such as the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), are ‘vulnerable’ and experiencing significant population declines in mainland Asia. Considering the assessed threats, the IUCN has repetitively revised the range of this felid and now characterized it into four distinct categories (extant, possibly extant, possibly extinct, and extinct). Although several ecological works have been accomplished on this enigmatic carnivore, the overall view of its habitat suitability, fragmentation, and corridor connectivity in both present and historical ranges is lacking. Thus, achieving this ecological information under present and future climate scenarios is crucial. The model identified merely 44,033 sq. km falling within the extant range (representing 31.66%) and 20,034 sq. km (8.13%) in the possibly extant range. Fascinatingly, within the historical ranges, an additional 15,264 sq. km (6.58%) has been identified as suitable habitat in the possibly extinct range and 14,022 sq. km (2.38%) in the extinct range. Notably, a total of 25,614 sq. km of suitable habitat is found within designated protected areas across the entire range. Nevertheless, climate change is expected to drive habitat loss of up to 41% (overall IUCN range) for N. nebulosa in both present and historical extent, with habitat patches becoming increasingly fragmented. This is reflected in a projected decline in the number of viable habitat patches (NP) by up to 23.29% in the future. This study also identified 18 transboundary biological corridors for N. nebulosa, with Southeast Asian countries expected to experience the most significant declines in corridor connectivity. In contrast, the South Asian countries (Bhutan, Nepal, and India) are projected to maintain relatively higher connectivity in the future. Nevertheless, a substantial decline in overall mean corridor connectivity is projected in the near future due to the impacts of climate change. This study underscores the urgent need for a coordinated and multifaceted conservation strategy for N. nebulosa, focusing on mitigating habitat loss and fragmentation. Practical measures must be implemented to protect the species’ shrinking range, considering its declining corridor networks and heightened vulnerability to inbreeding depression. Moreover, the assessment of habitat suitability both within and beyond the extant range, alongside corridor connectivity measures, provides valuable insights into potential translocation and reintroduction sites for this species. These findings provide a critical foundation for developing a strategic conservation plan tailored to the specific needs of this felid species across South and Southeast Asia, ensuring enhanced climate resilience and mitigating associated threats.
Molecular and Environmental Determinants of Addictive Substances
Authors: Lorek Małgorzata , Kamiński Piotr , Baszyński Jędrzej , Tadrowski Tadeusz , Gorzelańczyk Edward Jacek , Feit Julia , Kurhaluk Natalia , Woźniak Alina , Tkaczenko Halina
Published: November 2024

Knowledge about determinants of addiction in people taking addictive substances is poor and needs to be supplemented. The novelty of this paper consists in the analysis of innovative aspects of current research about relationships between determinants of addiction in Polish patients taking addictive substances and rare available data regarding the relationships between these factors from studies from recent years from other environments, mainly in Europe, and on the development of genetic determinants of physiological responses. We try to explain the role of the microelements Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Cr, Ni, Tl, Se, Al, B, Mo, V, Sn, Sb, Ag, Sr, and Ba, the toxic metals Cd, Hg, As, and Pb, and the rare earth elements Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Eu, Gd, and Nd as factors that may shape the development of addiction to addictive substances or drugs. The interactions between factors (gene polymorphism, especially ANKK1 (TaqI A), ANKK1 (Taq1 A-CT), DRD2 (TaqI B, DRD2 Taq1 B-GA, DRD2 Taq1 B-AA, DRD2-141C Ins/Del), and OPRM1 (A118G)) in patients addicted to addictive substances and consumption of vegetables, consumption of dairy products, exposure to harmful factors, and their relationships with physiological responses, which confirm the importance of internal factors as determinants of addiction, are analyzed, taking into account gender and region. The innovation of this review is to show that the homozygous TT mutant of the ANKK1 TaqI A polymorphism rs 1800497 may be a factor in increased risk of opioid dependence. We identify a variation in the functioning of the immune system in addicted patients from different environments as a result of the interaction of polymorphisms.
Iberverin Downregulates GPX4 and SLC7A11 to Induce Ferroptotic Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yang Haoying , Dai Bolei , Chen Liangjie , Li Yingping , Jin Xiaorui , Gao Chengchang , Han Linfen , Bian Xueli
Published: November 2024

Ferroptosis, a recently elucidated style of regulated cell death, has emerged as a significant area of investigation in cancer biology. Natural active compounds that have anti-cancer effects are promising candidates for cancer prevention. Iberverin, a natural compound derived from Brassica oleracea var. capitata, has been shown to exert anti-tumor activities in some cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we proved that iberverin can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to inhibit cell proliferation and initiate ferroptotic cell death in HCC cells, which can be eradicated by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) or deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) and ROS scavenger (GSH or NAC). Mechanistically, iberverin treatment can simultaneously downregulate SLC7A11 mRNA level and degrade GPX4 through the ubiquitination pathway, leading to lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death in HCC cells. Significantly, a low dose of iberverin can remarkably increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to ferroptosis induced by canonical ferroptosis inducers RSL3 and imidazole ketone erastin (IKE). This study uncovers a critical function of iberverin in preventing HCC through ferroptosis and provides a promising strategy for HCC treatment either via iberverin alone or in combination with canonical ferroptosis inducers in the future.
Emerging Mechanisms of Physical Exercise Benefits in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Casciano Fabio , Caruso Lorenzo , Zauli Enrico , Gonelli Arianna , Zauli Giorgio , Vaccarezza Mauro
Published: November 2024

The primary factors that can be modified in one’s lifestyle are the most influential determinants and significant preventable causes of various types of cancer. Exercise has demonstrated numerous advantages in preventing cancer and aiding in its treatment. However, the precise mechanisms behind these effects are still not fully understood. To contribute to our comprehension of exercise’s impact on cancer immunotherapy and provide recommendations for future research in exercise oncology, we will examine the roles and underlying mechanisms of exercise on immune cells. In addition to reducing the likelihood of developing cancer, exercise can also improve the effectiveness of certain approved anticancer treatments, such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Exercise is a pivotal modulator of the immune response, and thus, it can play an emerging important role in new immunotherapies. The mechanisms responsible for these effects involve the regulation of intra-tumoral angiogenesis, myokines, adipokines, their associated pathways, cancer metabolism, and anticancer immunity. Our review assesses the potential of physical exercise as an adjuvant/neoadjuvant tool, reducing the burden of cancer relapse, and analyzes emerging molecular mechanisms predicting favorable adjuvanticity effects.
An Immunoinformatic Approach for Identifying and Designing Conserved Multi-Epitope Vaccines for Coronaviruses
Authors: Ong Yu Chuan , Tejo Bimo Ario , Yap Wei Boon
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has exposed the vulnerabilities and unpreparedness of the global healthcare system in dealing with emerging zoonoses. In the past two decades, coronaviruses (CoV) have been responsible for three major viral outbreaks, and the likelihood of future outbreaks caused by these viruses is high and nearly inevitable. Therefore, effective prophylactic universal vaccines targeting multiple circulating and emerging coronavirus strains are warranted. Methods: This study utilized an immunoinformatic approach to identify evolutionarily conserved CD4+ (HTL) and CD8+ (CTL) T cells, and B-cell epitopes in the coronaviral spike (S) glycoprotein. Results: A total of 132 epitopes were identified, with the majority of them found to be conserved across the bat CoVs, pangolin CoVs, endemic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Their peptide sequences were then aligned and assembled to identify the overlapping regions. Eventually, two major peptide assemblies were derived based on their promising immune-stimulating properties. Conclusions: In this light, they can serve as lead candidates for universal coronavirus vaccine development, particularly in the search for pan-coronavirus multi-epitope universal vaccines that can confer protection against current and novel coronaviruses.
Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents: Validation of the Adapted Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Tabueva Anna , Ismatullina Victoria , Adamovich Timofey , Malykh Artem , Kolyasnikov Pavel , Malykh Sergey
Published: November 2024

Life satisfaction is associated with adolescents’ adaptability, academic achievement, and mental health, and it reflects the profile of a country’s economic development. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS). The initial adaptation of the MSLSS was performed using a sample of primary school students. Validation on a sample of early-to-middle adolescents is necessary to assess its reliability and validity for this age group. The sample comprised 2826 adolescents between ages 10 and 16 (Mage = 12.6, SD = 1.2, 41.3% girls) who completed the Russian version of the MSLSS assessing their perceived life satisfaction across five scales. While the five-factor structure of the MSLSS was confirmed, the psychometric analysis indicated that the statements function more effectively measured life satisfaction as a singular one-factor construct. We also observed a significant age-related decline in overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with family, self, school, friends, and teachers. Boys reported significantly lower satisfaction with school compared to girls. This study confirms the validity and reliability of the Russian version of the MSLSS, thereby augmenting its general applicability. Furthermore, we replicated previously reported age and gender differences in life satisfaction among early-to-middle adolescents.
Research on the Dynamic Response of a Bedding Rock Slope Reinforced by Pile–Anchor Structures Under Earthquakes: A Case Study of a Section of the Duyun-Shangri-La Expressway Project in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Wang Jinghan , Li Yanyan , Zhang Le
Published: November 2024

Pile and anchor structures are extensively employed for slope stabilization. However, their dynamic response under seismic loading remains unclear and current seismic designs primarily use the pseudo-static method. Here, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a bedding rock slope supported by pile–anchor systems under earthquakes is conducted. The dynamic calculation for the slope subjected to seismic forces with varying excitation directions and acceleration amplitudes is performed. The dynamic behavior of both the slope and the pile–anchor system is investigated with respect to the slope’s failure mode, the dynamic soil pressure behind the pile, the anchor axial force, the bending moment, and the lateral displacement of the pile. The results indicate that the anti-slide piles cause a reflective and superposition effect on seismic waves within weak rock layers. As the input seismic intensity increases, the axial force in the anchor cables also increases, with the peak axial force occurring during the main energy phase of the seismic waves. The dynamic soil pressure acting behind the piles varies with the stratification of the slope rock layers, with lower peak dynamic earth pressure observed in weak layers. The weak layers on the slope surface experience through-shear failure. Under strong seismic loading, the structural element state undergoes significant changes.
A Theoretical Design Framework of Contemporary Vernacular Architecture Based on a Scoping Review of the Best Practices Worldwide
Authors: Yang Nan , Chen Bing , Xi Junjie
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the development of vernacular architecture design and practices worldwide and then focuses on Chinese rural development. It explores the evolution of vernacular architecture and related concepts from a longitudinal perspective, and indicates the dynamic adaptability of vernacular architecture. A scoping review based on archival materials and secondary source literature of the last 10 years is conducted. As a result, 41 design factors have been collected. With a cross-comparative study with related publications, five intangible design factors and ten key tangible design factors are discussed to build a theoretical design framework, which finally provides a foundation for related design practices and further research.
Qualitative Mechanisms of Perceived Indoor Environmental Quality on Anxiety Symptoms in University
Authors: Guo Fei , Luo Mingxuan , Zhao Hui , Du Zekun , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Hongchi , Dong Jing , Zhang Dongxu
Published: November 2024

The indoor environment is widely acknowledged as a non-pharmacological tool for regulating residents’ mental health. In dormitory environments with relatively high residential density, the mental health of university students requires particular attention. This study surveyed 445 students from a northern Chinese university and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the impact of perceived indoor environmental quality (IEQ)—including thermal, lighting, acoustics, indoor air quality, and overcrowding—on self-reported anxiety symptoms. The results indicated the following: (1) students’ perceptions of dormitory IEQ significantly affected anxiety symptoms, explaining 40% of the variance; (2) anxiety symptoms associated with the IEQ were mainly characterized by anxiety and panic (r = 0.91, p < 0.001); (3) subjective perceptions of the acoustic environment (r = −0.55, p < 0.001) and indoor air quality (r = −0.15, p < 0.05) were key predictors of anxiety, while thermal environment, lighting environment, and overcrowding were not significant. The findings enrich the IEQ system and provide directions for optimizing the dormitory indoor environment from the perspective of student mental health, with implications for other types of residential buildings.
Spatial Continuum in History: Pier Buildings on the Bosphorus and Golden Horn, Istanbul
Authors: Yasar Dilek , Heinz Gamze Kaymak
Published: November 2024

Pier buildings along the coastline of Istanbul City, an ancient city surrounded by the sea on three sides, serve not only as vital transportation nodes but also as hubs for cultural and social life. As an embodiment of their respective topography and culture with distinctive characteristics in terms of location and architecture, the historical pier buildings are incorporated into the social, cultural, and historical fabric of the city. It is important to protect and preserve these buildings and develop sustainable tourism policies for sustainable cultural heritage management. Accordingly, the present study investigated 36 pier buildings in Istanbul using a comprehensive map analysis and on-site discovery. The study results suggested that these buildings preserved their authentic identities and spatial continuum, despite several renovations over time. Today, some of the pier buildings in Istanbul have additional functions, including serving as cafes, libraries, and sightseeing spots along with their transportation functions, contributing to the reinforcement of social interaction and social ties. The study results helped suggest key inferences on how these buildings should be preserved and carried into the future in the scope of urban planning.
On the Stresses in Thin-Walled Channels Under Torsion
Authors: Papangelis John
Published: November 2024

Thin-walled channel beams such as cold-formed steel purlins are primarily used to withstand wind forces in the roofing and walling systems of buildings. Traditionally, these types of members are usually designed for bending moments, with the effects of torsion ignored. However, the loading on thin-walled channels can be much more complicated than simple bending actions. Because of the position of the shear centre outside the section, channels can undergo bending and torsion when subjected to vertical load on the top flange. The applied torsion may cause significant stresses in the channel, which may need to be accounted for in design. There appears to be no research on quantifying the effects of torsion on thin-walled channels subjected to a uniformly distributed load acting on the top flange. In this paper, a theoretical solution is derived for calculating the longitudinal stresses in thin-walled channels subjected to torsion caused by a uniformly distributed load acting on the top flange. The theory is validated by modelling the channels in a finite-element analysis. The theoretical results include calculations of the twist rotation, bimoment, sectorial coordinate and longitudinal stresses, while the results from the finite-element analysis include the twist rotation and longitudinal stresses. The results show that the longitudinal stresses caused by torsion can significantly exceed those caused by the bending moment. Practical advice is also given for engineers on how to minimize torsion in cold-formed steel purlins.
Do Social Media Likes Affect Food Consumption?
Authors: Mamalikou Maria , Gkatzionis Konstantinos , Panagiotou Malamatenia
Published: November 2024

Social norms can affect food consumption. Although social media could be used to disseminate such norms, there is limited experimental research on the subject. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of socially endorsed social media food posts, in the form of Instagram likes, on participants’ eating behavior of wheat food products. The survey was conducted in sensory booths where 149 participants were assigned to one of three conditions viewing three types of images: traditional Greek foods, modern foods, and home decoration as control. However, only one type was socially endorsed with likes. Participants self-reported on a series of questionnaires and were offered traditional Greek rusks (paximathia) and modern crackers as a snack reward during break time on two separate dishes. The hypothesis was that those who had paid attention to socially endorsed images of traditional foods would prefer to consumer Greek rusks, whereas those having paid attention to socially endorsed modern foods would opt for the crackers. Using the ANCOVA model, there was not identified any significant effect of condition on rusk or cracker consumption in grams after controlling the covariates. The results propose that exposure to socially endorsed images with Instagram likes, as a form of social media norm, do not incite people to consume more of either traditional rusks or modern crackers.
Towards Photothermal Acid Catalysts Using Eco-Sustainable Sulfonated Carbon Nanoparticles—Part II: Thermal and Photothermal Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis
Authors: Militello María Paula , Tamborini Luciano , Acevedo Diego F. , Barbero Cesar A.
Published: November 2024

The main goal of this work is to evaluate the ability of sulfonated carbon nanoparticles (SCNs) to induce photothermal catalysis of the biodiesel synthesis reaction (transesterification of natural triglycerides (TGs) with alcohols). Carbon nanoparticles (CNs) are produced by the carbonization of cross-linked resin nanoparticles (RNs). The RNs are produced by condensation of a phenol (resorcinol or natural tannin) with formaldehyde under ammonia catalysis (Stober method). The method produces nanoparticles, which are carbonized into carbon nanoparticles (CNs). The illumination of CNs increases the temperature proportionally (linear) to the nanoparticle concentration and exposure time (with saturation). Solid acid catalysts are made by heating in concentrated sulfuric acid (SEAr sulfonation). The application of either light or a catalyst (SCNs) (at 25 °C) induced low conversions (<10%) for the esterification reaction of acetic acid with bioethanol. In contrast, the illumination of the reaction medium containing SCNs induced high conversions (>75%). In the case of biodiesel synthesis (transesterification of sunflower oil with bioethanol), conversions greater than 40% were observed only when light and the catalyst (SCNs) were applied simultaneously. Therefore, it is possible to use sulfonated carbon nanoparticles as photothermally activated catalysts for Fischer esterification and triglyceride transesterification (biodiesel synthesis).
Correction: Butt et al. Conjunctival Melanoma: A Clinical Review and Update. Cancers 2024, 16, 3121
Authors: Butt Karam , Hussain Rumana , Coupland Sarah E. , Krishna Yamini
Published: November 2024

The authors would like to include the following acknowledgment in the publication [...]