bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain Symptoms in Foot and Ankle Patients
Authors: Sidon Eliezer , Rogero Ryan , McDonald Elizabeth , Daecher Annemarie , Shakked Rachel , Pedowitz David I. , Fuchs Daniel , Daniel Joseph N. , Raikin Steven M.
Published: March 2019

Background:

The management of pain in patients with foot and ankle pathology can be challenging. Cumulative data suggest that, in addition to nociceptive mechanisms, other neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to pain in a subset of people with orthopedic conditions, and can be found in 10.5% to 53% of patients with chronic pain, depending on the location of the pathology. Preoperative diagnosis of neuropathic pain (NP) can potentially change decision making and management of foot and ankle pathologies.

Methods:

We used a validated patient-reported pain questionnaire (painDETECT) as a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NP symptoms in a population of patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. A total of 533 patients were prospectively included and completed the painDETECT questionnaire.

Results:

Sixty-six patients (12.4%) were classified as having a component of NP symptoms according to their painDETECT score. Current smokers (23.2%) had a significantly higher rate of developing NP symptoms than current nonsmokers (11.1%) ( P = .016). The location of the pathology and obesity had a moderate effect on the prevalence of NP symptoms. Patients with ankle-level pathology, excluding tarsal tunnel syndrome, had a marginally increased risk of having NP symptoms (15.4%) compared to patients with forefoot pathologies, excluding Morton’s neuroma (7.5%, P = 0.06). Obesity also had a moderate effect on the NP risk, with 15.6% risk of NP symptoms for patients with BMI of 30 or more compared to 10% risk for patients with a BMI of less than 30 ( P = .06). Patients with NP symptoms reported significantly higher levels of current pain (7.2 vs 4.6, P < .001).

Conclusion:

A considerable number of patients with foot and ankle problems requiring surgery had a neuropathic component of pain. Evaluation of their risk factors and level of pain may help with the diagnosis, decision making, and pain control. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of preoperative NP on the short- and long-term results of surgeries.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective cohort survey study.
Measurement of Dorsal First Ray Mobility: A Topical Historical Review and Commentary
Authors: Glasoe Ward M. , Michaud Thomas C.
Published: March 2019

Despite evidence that instability of the first ray (first metatarsal and medial cuneiform) alters the loading mechanics of the foot, surprisingly few studies have linked the condition with disorders of the foot. A factor limiting this research is the difficulty associated with measuring first ray mobility (FRM). To quantify dorsal FRM, clinicians and researchers have devised a variety of methods that impose a dorsally directed load, and record displacement. The methods include manual examination, radiographs, mechanical devices, and handheld rulers. Since different methods yield different results; each of these methods is worthy of scrutiny. This article reviews the methods used to quantify dorsal FRM and offers commentary on how the testing procedures could be standardized. The measurement of dorsal FRM informs surgical decisions, orthotic prescriptions, and research design strategies mostly as it pertains to the identification and treatment of first ray hypermobility. This review found sufficient support to recommend continued use of radiographs and mechanical devices for quantifying dorsal displacement, whereas measurements acquired with handheld rulers are prone to the same subjective error attributed to manual examination procedures. Since measures made with radiographs and existing mechanical devices have their own drawbacks, the commentary recommends ideas for standardizing the testing procedure and calls for the development of a next-generation device to measure dorsal FRM. This future device could be modeled after arthrometers that exist and are used to quantify stability at the knee and ankle.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
When the Evidence Basis Breeds Controversies: Exploring the Value Profile of Robotic Surgery Beyond the Early Introduction Phase
Authors: Abrishami Payam , Boer Albert , Horstman Klasien
Published: March 2019

This article investigates qualitatively the value profile of the da Vinci® surgical robot after almost two decades of extensive clinical use and research. We aimed to understand whether the swiftly growing body of published studies on robotic prostate surgery can now, that is, beyond an early stage, guide decisions on the acquisition, procurement, and public provision of this innovation. We explored both published studies and the perspectives of diverse stakeholders in the Netherlands. Both arenas represent conflicting, often polarised arguments on the (added) value of da Vinci surgery. What was unclear a decade ago due to lack of evidence is now unclear because of controversies about evidence. The article outlines controversial value issues and indicates the unlikelihood that awaiting more research — amid the mantra “further studies are needed” — will resolve the controversy. The study underscores multi-stakeholder deliberation to resolve controversies regarding the value of advanced medical innovations.
Overcoming Barriers: Practical Strategies to Assess Latinos Living in Low-Income Communities
Authors: Calva Alejandra , Matthew Rebecca A. , Orpinas Pamela
Published: March 2019

The value of community assessments depends on the researchers’ ability to reach a diverse and representative sample of participants. This process is particularly challenging when assessing the health and well-being of vulnerable populations that are reticent to participate in research because of demographic and sociopolitical factors. One such group is Latinxs (the gender-neutral version of Latinos or Latinas) of mixed immigration status who live in low-income, socially and geographically isolated enclaves in the Southeast. Framed by community-based participatory research and social marketing theories, this study describes practical strategies for health researchers, practitioners, and advocates seeking to engage and build trusting relationship within U.S. Latinx communities. First, identify and leverage points of entry to different segments of the communities of interest by engaging meaningful gatekeepers from different sections of the population and searching for places where potential participants gather. Second, reduce the burden of assessments by using incentives and creating intentional reciprocity. Third, establish critical, long-lasting trust with community members, leaders, and allies by adapting data collection procedures, ensuring confidentiality, engaging bilingual facilitators, and most important, being present with and for the community. Finally, presenting the findings back to the community can increase the ownership of the process.
Perforation of saphenous vein graft with mediastinal haemorrhage leading to near closure of distal graft segment
Authors: Wyderka Rafał , Adamowicz Jakub , Nowicki Przemysław , Ciapka Adam , Kędzierski Bartłomiej , Jaroch Joanna
Published: March 2019

Perforations of saphenous venous grafts during coronary angioplasty are rare and potentially lethal. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight this unusual complication and necessary treatment. A 76-year-old woman, 3 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (left internal mammary artery to left anterior descendant artery, saphenous vein graft to obtuse marginal, saphenous vein graft to right coronary artery), demonstrated typical signs of acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiogram revealed, inter alia, two critical lesions in saphenous vein graft to right coronary artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed with placement of two drug-eluting stents, complicated by a vessel rupture and heavy extravasation of contrast. A polyurethane-covered stent was then deployed and successfully sealed the vascular wall. In a computed tomography of the chest, a mediastinal haematoma near the heart base and right heart margin was found. Subsequently, this intrathoracic bleeding caused external impression on saphenous vein graft to right coronary artery, leading to near occlusion of the vessel with recurrence of chest pain and ST-segment elevation in inferior wall electrocardiogram leads. Immediate coronary angiography and drug-eluting stent implantation was performed. During, further, in-hospital follow-up, patient was free of chest pain; computed tomography scan performed after 10 days revealed regression of haematoma. Clinicians must remain alert to the potential of life-threatening complications associated with saphenous venous graft angioplasty, as their recognition is critical to institution of prompt, appropriate therapy.
Accreditation, Credentialing, and Quality Improvement in Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Literature Review
Authors: Sorrentino Kimberly
Published: March 2019

There are few regulations regarding facility accreditation and individual credentialing in diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), although it is known that the quality of examinations in the field can vary based by the operator. This literature review summarizes the findings from 19 research studies on accreditation, credentialing, and quality improvement and includes illustrative quotes from 23 position papers and 42 editorials. The review uncovered large differences in facility accreditation status based on sonography specialty and geographical area. The findings included many examples of positive correlations between accreditation and improved quality and also a positive correlation between credentialing and improved image quality. The survey studies revealed overwhelming support for accreditation and credentialing. Many articles raised concerns about the unknown quality of sonograms performed in nonaccredited facilities or by uncredentialed sonographers. If facility accreditation and/or individual credentialing could be implemented nationwide in DMS, it may lead to increased quality within the field.
Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: LeRoith Derek , Biessels Geert Jan , Braithwaite Susan S , Casanueva Felipe F , Draznin Boris , Halter Jeffrey B , Hirsch Irl B , McDonnell Marie E , Molitch Mark E , Murad M Hassan , Sinclair Alan J
Published: March 2019

Objective

The objective is to formulate clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of diabetes in older adults.

Conclusions

Diabetes, particularly type 2, is becoming more prevalent in the general population, especially in individuals over the age of 65 years. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease in these patients is exacerbated by the direct effects of aging on metabolic regulation. Similarly, aging effects interact with diabetes to accelerate the progression of many common diabetes complications. Each section in this guideline covers all aspects of the etiology and available evidence, primarily from controlled trials, on therapeutic options and outcomes in this population. The goal is to give guidance to practicing health care providers that will benefit patients with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), paying particular attention to avoiding unnecessary and/or harmful adverse effects.
Novel refractive LiDAR sensor based on a variable lens pair prism
Authors: Baier Matthias , Sparbert Jan , Neumann Cornelius
Published: March 2019

We present a new type of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensor based on a variable lens pair prism. This system combines the principles of macro- and microscanners to exploit the advantages and eliminate most of the disadvantages of both system types. We describe the concept of this new LiDAR sensor and examine the system performance by simulation. Afterwards, we investigate the spot shape and beam profile with respect to the main system parameters such as the gap between lenses, the deflection angle, and the measurement distance. Furthermore, we present solutions to optimize the variable lens pair prism to achieve an ideal spot shape and beam profile in the entire field of view (FoV).
Do Immigrants Compete with Natives in the Greek Labour Market? Evidence from the Skill-Cell Approach before and during the Great Recession
Authors: Chletsos Michael , Roupakias Stelios
Published: March 2019

We attempt to identify the impact of immigration on the labour market opportunities of resident workers by analysing data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (1999–2015) as well as census data for 1981, 1991, and 2001. Slicing the national labour market into education and experience segments, we find modest adverse effects on the employment outcomes of natives and usually insignificant effects on earnings. Our results are generally robust to alternative definitions of skill groups and the potential “downgrading” of immigrants. Importantly, we obtain similar results in qualitative terms when we account for potential endogenous selection into skill-cells, by implementing an instrumental variables approach in the spirit of Card (2001). We also show that veteran immigrants compete more heavily with natives than recent immigrants do. In addition, our analysis indicates that the effects of immigration were economically more important during the Greek crisis. Finally, the evidence supports the idea that migrants push natives towards complementary, non-routine tasks.
On Lawyer Compensation When Appeals Are Possible
Authors: At Christian , Friehe Tim , Gabuthy Yannick
Published: March 2019

This paper describes how plaintiff should compensate lawyers, who choose unobservable effort, when litigation may proceed from the trial to the appeals court. We find that, when it is very likely that the defendant will appeal, transfers made to the lawyer only after an appeals court’s ruling are key instruments in incentivizing both trial and appeal court effort. Indeed, the lawyer may not receive any transfer after the trial court’s ruling. In contrast, when reaching the appeals stage is unlikely, a favorable trial court ruling triggers a positive transfer to the lawyer and first-best appeals effort. In our setup, the lawyer may receive a lower transfer after winning in both the trial and the appeals court as compared to the scenario in which the first-instance court ruled against the plaintiff and the appeals court reversed that ruling.
The association between activated protein C ratio and Factor V Leiden are gender-dependent
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Søgaard , Nybo Mads
Published: March 2019

Background

The most common cause of activated protein C (aPC) resistance is a missense substitution (Arg506Gln), known as Factor V Leiden (FVL). Due to its low cost, many laboratories use the aPC ratio as a primary test with a unisex cut-off. However, the association between the aPC ratio and FVL including any relation to gender has been sparsely investigated.

Methods

Results of the aPC ratio and FVL analyses from 1081 patients referred to the Thrombophilia Clinic at Odense University Hospital were compared.

Results

In 153 FVL positive patients, the mean aPC ratio was 2.1 ± 0.3, which differed from 2.7 ± 0.4 in FVL negative individuals (p < 0.01). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC), with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93, indicated the optimal aPC cut-off at 2.3–2.4, with sensitivity 89%–94%, specificity 71%–84%, positive predictive value 35%–48% and negative predictive value 98%–99%. In FVL positive females, the mean aPC ratio was 2.0 ± 0.3, which differed from males (2.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). In FVL negative females, the mean aPC ratio was 2.6 ± 0.4, also different from males (2.8 ± 0.5, p < 0.01). Of note, 35% of FVL negative females had an aPC ratio ≤2.4 against 18% in males (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the aPC ratio is lower in females than in males. Due to a high negative predictive value the aPC ratio can be used as a first line test for FVL, but those found positive must be confirmed with a DNA test.
Design and implementation of quality control plans that integrate moving average and internal quality control: incorporating the best of both worlds
Authors: van Rossum Huub H. , van den Broek Daan
Published: March 2019

Background

New moving average quality control (MA QC) optimization methods have been developed and are available for laboratories. Having these methods will require a strategy to integrate MA QC and routine internal QC.

Methods

MA QC was considered only when the performance of the internal QC was limited. A flowchart was applied to determine, per test, whether MA QC should be considered. Next, MA QC was examined using the MA Generator (www.huvaros.com), and optimized MA QC procedures and corresponding MA validation charts were obtained. When a relevant systematic error was detectable within an average daily run, the MA QC was added to the QC plan. For further implementation of MA QC for continuous QC, MA QC management software was configured based on earlier proposed requirements. Also, protocols for the MA QC alarm work-up were designed to allow the detection of temporary assay failure based on previously described experiences.

Results

Based on the flowchart, 10 chemistry, two immunochemistry and six hematological tests were considered for MA QC. After obtaining optimal MA QC settings and the corresponding MA validation charts, the MA QC of albumin, bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, creatinine, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total protein, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCH, MCHC, MCV and platelets were added to the QC plans.

Conclusions

The presented method allows the design and implementation of QC plans integrating MA QC for continuous QC when internal QC has limited performance.
Diagnostic accuracy of a fully automated multiplex celiac disease antibody panel for serum and plasma
Authors: Terryberry Jeff , Tuomi Jani , Perampalam Subo , Peloquin Russ , Brouwer Eric , Schuppan Detlef , Guandalini Stefano
Published: March 2019

Background

An automated multiplex platform using capillary blood can promote greater throughput and more comprehensive studies in celiac disease (CD). Diagnostic accuracy should be improved using likelihood ratios for the post-test probability of ruling-in disease.

Methods

The Ig_plex™ Celiac Disease Panel on the sqidlite™ automated platform measured IgA and IgG antibodies to tTG and DGP in n = 224 CD serum or plasma samples. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were applied to the combined multiplex test results for several CD populations and compared to conventional single antibody ELISA tests.

Results

With multiple positive antibody results, the post-test probability for ruling-in untreated and treated CD increased to over 90%. The number of samples positive for more than one antibody also increased in untreated CD to ≥90%. Measurement of all four CD antibodies generate cut-off dependent accuracy profiles that can monitor response to treatment with the gluten-free diet (GFD). Higher positive tTG and DGP antibodies are seen more frequently in confirmed CD without (81%–94%) than with GFD treatment (44%–64%). In CD lacking biopsy confirmation, overall agreement of plasma to serum was ≥98% for all antibodies, and 100% for venous to capillary plasma.

Conclusions

The Ig_plex Celiac Disease Panel increases the likelihood of confirming CD based on the post-test probability of disease results for multi-reactive markers. Specific positivity profiles and cut-off intervals can be used to monitor GFD treatment and likely disease progression. Using serum, venous and capillary plasma yield comparable and accurate results.
Commutability of reference and control materials: an essential factor for assuring the quality of measurements in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Braga Federica , Panteghini Mauro
Published: March 2019

Traceability to a common reference ensures equivalence of results obtained by different assays. Traceability is achieved by an unbroken sequence of calibrations, using reference materials (RMs) that must be commutable. Using non-commutable RMs for calibration will introduce a bias in the calibrated method producing incorrect results for clinical samples (CS). Commutability was defined in 1973 as “the ability of an enzyme material to show inter-assay activity changes comparable to those of the same enzyme in human serum” and later extended as a characteristic of all RMs. However, the concept is still poorly understood and appreciated. Commutability assessment has been covered in CLSI guidelines and requires: (a) selection of 20 CS spanning the relevant concentration range; (b) analysis of both RM and CS with the pair of procedures; (c) data elaboration using regression analysis and calculation if RM fall within the 95% prediction interval defined by CS. This approach has been criticized and to improve it The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine established a working group that recently finalized recommendations. Commutability is also a requirement for the applicability of external quality assessment (EQA) results in the evaluation of the performance of participating laboratories in terms of standardization of their measurements. Unfortunately, EQA materials are usually not validated for commutability.
Quasi-Optimality of Adaptive Mixed FEMs for Non-selfadjoint Indefinite Second-Order Linear Elliptic Problems
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Dond Asha K. , Rabus Hella
Published: March 2019

The well-posedness and the a priori and a posteriori error analysis of the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas
mixed finite element method (MFEM) has been established for non-selfadjoint
indefinite second-order linear elliptic problems recently in an article by Carstensen, Dond, Nataraj
and Pani (Numer. Math., 2016). The associated adaptive mesh-refinement strategy faces
the difficulty of the flux error
control in

H
⁢

(
div
,
Ω
)

{H({\operatorname{div}},\Omega)}

and so involves a data-approximation error

∥

f
-

Π
0

⁢
f

∥

{\lVert f-\Pi_{0}f\rVert}

in the

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm of the right-hand side f and its piecewise constant approximation

Π
0

⁢
f

{\Pi_{0}f}

. The separate marking strategy has recently been suggested
with a split of a Dörfler marking for the remaining error estimator and an optimal data approximation strategy
for the appropriate treatment of

∥

f
-

Π
0

⁢
f

∥

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

{\|f-\Pi_{0}f\|_{L^{2}(\Omega)}}

.
The resulting strategy presented in this paper
utilizes the abstract algorithm and convergence analysis of
Carstensen and Rabus (SINUM, 2017) and generalizes it to general second-order
elliptic linear PDEs. The argument for the treatment of the piecewise constant displacement approximation

u
RT

{u_{{\mathrm{RT}}}}

is its supercloseness to the piecewise constant approximation

Π
0

⁢
u

{\Pi_{0}u}

of the exact displacement u. The overall convergence analysis then indeed follows the axioms of adaptivity for separate marking.
Some results on mixed and nonconforming
finite element approximations on the multiply connected polygonal 2D Lipschitz domain
are of general interest.
Qualitative Protest- und Bewegungsforschung
Authors: Gukelberger Sandrine , Gerharz Eva
Published: March 2019

Der erste Beitrag des Forschungsjournals 1/2019 mit dem Titel Hinschauen mit Verständnis. Methoden und Ethik der globalen Bewegungsforschung diskutiert unterschiedliche qualitative Zugänge der Protest und Bewegungsforschung und ihre spezifischen methodologischen und methodischen Herangehensweisen. Insbesondere werden der Aufbau von kooperativen Forschungsbeziehungen, der Umgang mit dem Eigenen und dem Fremden und die Schwierigkeiten des Verstehens in heterogenen sozialen Feldern thematisiert. Zu Beginn stellen Sandrine Gukelberger und Eva Gerharz den Mehrwert qualitativer Perspektiven in der Bewegungsforschung dar, um uns in einem nächsten Schritt mit den praktischen Herausforderungen des Datenerhebungsprozesses und der Problematik der Repräsentation zu befassen. Im Zentrum stehen die variierenden Machtbalancen zwischen Forschenden und Forschungspartner*innen und die Frage, wie diese Datenerhebung und Analyse strukturieren. Hierzu gehören auch ethische Fragen, die den Umgang mit den Daten und den Forschungsergebnissen betreffen. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Plädoyer für die Vorteile qualitativer Forschungsperspektiven auf Protest, Aktivismus und Bewegungen. Denn das Potenzial der qualitativen Perspektiven, die soziale Realität ‚von unten‘ rekonstruieren, liegt gerade darin, die Rolle von sozialem und politischem Handeln inmitten komplexer ökonomischer, sozialer und politischer Transformationsprozesse herauszuarbeiten und besser zu verstehen.
Rekonstruktive Zugänge zu Protest
Authors: Betz Gregor J.
Published: March 2019

Ganzheitliche, ethnographische und rekonstruierende Forschung setzt stets voraus, sich mit den spezifischen Erhebungsbedingungen des jeweils zu untersuchenden Gegenstands zu befassen. Die konkreten Voraussetzungen für die Erforschung politischen Protests werden in vorliegendem Aufsatz methodologisch und methodisch reflektiert. Zunächst wird politischer Protest als Gegenstand sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung grundsätzlich eingeordnet und basierend auf einer Definition der Zugang zu Protestereignissen diskutiert. Daran anschließend werden zwei idealtypische Formationen der Vergemeinschaftung vorgestellt. Die zwei Typen unterscheiden sich dadurch, ob sie externe Personen ausgrenzen oder einschließen, was wiederum Konsequenzen auf den Feldzugang hat. Abschließend wird der typische Verlauf – das Trajekt – eines Projektereignisses dargelegt und methodische Schlussfolgerungen daraus gezogen.
Die erweiterte Fallmethode in der Protestforschung
Authors: Schritt Jannik
Published: March 2019

Die erweiterte Fallmethode, die von der Manchester Schule in der Ethnologie bereits in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren entwickelt wurde, um gesellschaftliche Konflikte anhand von (Groß-) Ereignissen exemplarisch zu untersuchen, findet in der Protestforschung bislang kaum explizite Anwendung. Der vorliegende Artikel veranschaulicht am Beispiel von Protesten um die Eröffnung der ersten Erdölraffinerie in Niger 2011 methodisches Vorgehen, theoretische Prämissen und Stärken der erweiterten Fallmethode. Der Artikel verfolgt dabei auch das Ziel, die Methodologie der erweiterten Fallmethode im Lichte gegenwärtiger Sozialtheorie neu zu formulieren.
LncRNA DYNLRB2-2 inhibits THP-1 macrophage foam cell formation by enhancing autophagy
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Sun Tao , Shen Shuxin , Wang Lixia , Yan Jifeng
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DYNLRB2-2 can inhibit foam cell formation by activating autophagy. The location of DYNLRB2-2 in THP-1-derived macrophages was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce the formation of foam cells, Oil Red O (ORO) staining and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed to detect accumulation of lipid droplets and the level of cholesterol concentration, respectively. The mRNA and protein level of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Relative protein levels of (p-) liver kinase B1 (LKB1), (p-) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), (p-) the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy markers (LC3 II, Beclin-1 and p62) in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were analyzed by Western blotting. The levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β] in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 3-MA and compound C were used to block autophagy. Our data show that DYNLRB2-2 inhibited the formation of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and promotes cholesterol efflux (CE) by activating autophagy. DYNLRB2-2 caused autophagy by activating the signaling pathway of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR in foam cells. DYNLRB2-2 activated the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway via the miR-298/Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) axis. Our data indicated that DYNLRB2-2 enhanced CE by regulating the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR autophagy signaling pathway through the miR-298/SIRT3 axis, thereby blocking the formation of foam cells from THP-1 macrophages.
Heat Transfer of Power-Law Liquid Food in a Tank with Varying Stirrer Settings
Authors: Li Botong , Liu Deyi , Chen Xuehui , Zheng Liancun
Published: March 2019

In this article, we explore the heat transfer of non-Newtonian liquid food in the heating process in a channel connecting a tank. To achieve a rapid heat diffusion, several cylindrical agitators are inserted into the tank. We pay special attention to a Chinese traditional food, i.e. the black sesame paste, which is predicted by the power-law model. The fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated numerically, under the impacts of the angular velocity of cylinder, the stirrer size and the rotational direction. Three different settings are investigated: the two-stirrer, the three-stirrer, and the 2 × 2 stirrer settings. Several applicable strategies could be applied to improve the heat transfer in food engineering practices, including changing the size, the rotational velocity, the direction, and the number of stirrers in the heat exchanger.
Finite groups with only 𝔉{\mathfrak{F}}-normal and 𝔉{\mathfrak{F}}-abnormal subgroups
Authors: Hu Bin , Huang Jianhong , Skiba Alexander N.
Published: March 2019

Let G be a finite group, and let

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

be a class of groups.
A chief factor

H
/
K

{H/K}

of G is said to be

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-central (in G) if the semidirect product

(

H
/
K

)

⋊

(

G
/

C
G

⁢

(

H
/
K

)

)

∈
𝔉

{(H/K)\rtimes(G/C_{G}(H/K))\in\mathfrak{F}}

.
We say that a subgroup A of G is

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal in G if every chief factor

H
/
K

{H/K}

of G between

A
G

{A_{G}}

and

A
G

{A^{G}}

is

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-central in G and

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-abnormal in G if V is not

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal in W for every two subgroups

V
<
W

{V<W}

of G such that

A
≤
V

{A\leq V}

.
We give a description of finite groups in which every subgroup is either

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal or

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-abnormal.
Performance Analysis of Single Side Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Radio over Fiber System with Direct and External Modulation Schemes
Authors: Kavitha T , Kumar A Prem , Sowmith A
Published: March 2019

Radio over fiber is a technology in which the light signals at the central station are modulated by a radio frequency signal, and by using the optical fiber it is transmitted to base stations. The data stream being sent is separated into subcarrier frequencies by the technique of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The orthogonality between the sub-carriers is provided by FFT modulation, which avoids the demodulators from accepting other frequencies. It is possible to transmit high-data rate signals over short and long distance by implementing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with radio over fiber system along with the optical fiber. This enhances the system with more coverage area, and without increasing the cost of the system it provides the flexibility. The proposed work is to investigate the performance analysis of single side band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in radio over fiber system with external and direct modulations using spectral analysers and constellation visualizers. The Mach-Zender modulator is proposed for external modulation, the vertical cavity surface emitting laser is used in direct modulation. The simulations were carried out by using Optisystem Software version 15.0 with global parameters for both intensity modulation schemes.
Analysis of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Rydzewska Marta , Michalak Justyna , Bossowska Anna , Chen Shu , Black Sarah , Powell Michael , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard , Bossowski Artur
Published: March 2019

Background

Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8Abs) together with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAbs), insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2Abs) and insulin autoantibodies (IAbs) are markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We studied the prevalence of ZnT8Ab in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) to assess the association of AITDs and T1DM at the serological level.

Methods

The study groups consisted of 44 children with Graves’ disease (GD), 65 children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), 199 children with T1DM with or without AITDs and 58 control children. ZnT8Ab, GADAb, IA-2Ab, IAb, 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21-OHAbs) and acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies (AChRAbs) were measured.

Results

ZnT8Abs were found in 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD, and 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD were positive for GADAb. Of the 65 HT patients, six (9.2%) were positive for ZnT8Ab, while four (6.2%) were positive for GADAb. In the T1DM group, 128/199 (64%) of the patients were positive for ZnT8Ab, 133/199 (67%) for GADAb and 109/199 (55%) for IA-2Ab. One GD patient and one HT patient were positive for all the four diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Two HT patients were positive for three diabetes autoantibodies. Two GD (4.5%) and five HT (7.7%) patients were positive for 21-OHAb only. None of the patients had AChRAb. In the control group, 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for GADAb and 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for ZnT8Ab.

Conclusions

Diabetes-associated autoantibodies including ZnT8Ab were found in children and adolescents with GD and HT.
Monolithic waveguide laser mode-locked by embedded Ag nanoparticles operating at 1 μm
Authors: Li Rang , Pang Chi , Li Ziqi , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun , Ren Feng , Akhmadaliev Shavkat , Zhou Shengqiang , Chen Feng
Published: March 2019

Monolithic waveguide laser devices are required to achieve on-chip lasing. In this work, a new design of a monolithic device with embedded Ag nanoparticles (NPs) plus the Nd:YAG ridge waveguide has been proposed and implemented. By using Ag+ ion implantation, the embedded Ag NPs are synthesized on the near-surface region of the Nd:YAG crystal, resulting in the significant enhancement of the optical nonlinearity of Nd:YAG and offering saturable absorption properties of the crystal at a wide wavelength band. The subsequent processing of the O5+ ion implantation and diamond saw dicing of crystal finally leads to the fabrication of monolithic waveguide with embedded Ag NPs. Under an optical pump, the Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers operating at 1 μm is realized with the pulse duration of 29.5 ps and fundamental repetition rate of 10.53 GHz, owing to the modulation of Ag NPs through evanescent field interaction with waveguide modes. This work introduces a new approach in the application of monolithic ultrafast laser devices by using embedded metallic NPs.
The pseudosymmetric crystal structure of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane dimethyl carbonate (2/3), C21H30N24O33
Authors: Shen Fanfan
Published: March 2019

C21H30N24O33, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 12.6527(16) Å, b = 16.395(2) Å, c = 20.606(3) Å, V = 4274.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0367, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0907, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of (Cu0.51In0.49)tet[Cr1.74In0.26]octSe4 selenospinel, Cu0.51In0.75Cr1.74Se4
Authors: Moris Silvana , Barahona Patricia , Galdámez Antonio
Published: March 2019

Cu0.51In0.75Cr1.74Se4, cubic, Fd3̄m (no. 227), a = 10.6506(13) Å, V = 1208.2 Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0371, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0912, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of trans-dichlorido-(1,3-dimesityl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-(5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-κN)palladium(II), C25H31Cl2N3OPd
Authors: Sun Kai-Xin , Wu Xiang-Ting , Li Guo-Xing
Published: March 2019

C25H31Cl2N3OPd, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.4083(4) Å, b = 17.1334(8) Å, c = 31.9251(14) Å, V = 5146.2(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0600, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1232, T = 293(2) K.
Length-based hydrodynamic fractionation of highly networked fibers in a mini-channel
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Redlinger-Pohn Jakob D. , Radl Stefan
Published: March 2019

Fractionation of cellulose fibers is performed within a circular mini-channel (diameter 7 mm) to realize a novel fractionation principle. We show that fractionation within a single-floc regime relies on the formation of a rigid network in cases where the crowding number is chosen to be greater than 60. Fractionation is performed for channel Reynolds numbersRe>Re\mathrm{>}10,000, and unlike the situation in larger channels, fractionation is found to be relatively independent ofReRe. Experiments show a high dependency of the radial aperture velocity and aperture width on fractionation performance associated with fibers that are longer than 200 µm. By contrast, fibers shorter than 200 µm are only influenced by the volumetric flow rate through the aperture. Our results suggest that fibers smaller than 200 µm are mobile in the near wall region. Fibers longer than 200 µm are, dependent on their length, drawn out of the network by hydrodynamic forces acting on them as a result of the radial fluid velocity caused by the accept flow through the aperture. Our results support a novel fractionation hypothesis that is in contrast to previous findings, which were based on dilute flows and were demonstrated in channels having a larger size.
Chalcogenide van der Waals superlattices: a case example of interfacial phase-change memory
Authors: Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Mitrofanov Kirill V. , Makino Kotaro , Tominaga Junji , Robertson John , Kolobov Alexander V.
Published: March 2019

2D van der Waals chalcogenides such as topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures are now at the forefront of semiconductor research. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental features and advantages of van der Waals bonded superlattices over conventional superlattices made of 3D materials and describe in more detail one practical example, namely, interfacial phase change memory based on GeTe–Sb2Te3 superlattice structures.
Staging laparoscopy and Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) for peritoneal metastasis: safe access to the abdomen
Authors: Glatz Torben , Horvath Philipp , Lang Sven A. , Archid Rami , Nadiradze Giorgi
Published: March 2019

Background

Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative drug delivery technique. Most common indication is palliative therapy of peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal and gynecological origin in the salvage situation. Access to the abdomen is the critical step of the procedure, since most patients had previous surgery. Potential pitfalls include non-access because of adhesions, bowel access lesions and postoperative subcutaneous toxic emphysema.

Methods

We propose a technique, the “finger-access technique” that might prevent largely these pitfalls. A minilaparotomy of 3 cm is performed in the midline, a finger introduced into the abdomen and a 5-mm double-balloon trocar (no Hasson trocar) is placed under finger protection at some distance of the first incision. The fascia of the minilaparotomy, not the skin, is then closed. The abdomen is insufflated with CO2 and tightness is controlled with saline solution in the minilaparotomy. A second 10–12 mm trocar is then introduced under videoscopic control. The first trocar is then visualized through the second one to exclude a bowel lesion during first access.

Results and conclusions

In our hands, this access technique has shown to be safe and effective.
Simultaneous analysis of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan by amine-HPLC shows minor oxidative stress from short-term exhaustion exercise
Authors: Baxter-Parker Gregory , Chu Anna , Petocz Peter , Samman Samir , Gieseg Steven P.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan can be used to measure activation of monocytes and macrophages during immunological events such as exercise inducing inflammation. Endurance exercise and high-impact sports have shown significant increases in these biomarkers. Measurement is typically conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C18 or SCX columns. However, kynurenine and tryptophan are not measured simultaneously to neopterin using these separation systems. Here we have used an amine column for separation and simultaneous determination of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan.

Methods: Optimization and validation for the amine-HPLC method was conducted using plasma from 43 participants subjected to a short maximal exercise bicycling regime or rest period. The order of exercise and rest was randomized and separated by a 3-5 week washout period.

Results: Using an amine column developed with ammonium acetate formic acid (33%) and acetonitrile (72%) provided optimal separation and run time for analysis. Neopterin increased significantly post-exercise and subsided to baseline by 30 minutes. Total neopterin remained elevated until 60 minutes following exercise.

Conclusion: Amine-HPLC can be used for simultaneous determination of kynurenine, tryptophan and neopterin in plasma. Short intense exercise causes a significant increase in plasma neopterin suggesting a prolonged activation of monocytes and macrophages.
Methoden zur hyperspektralen Bildverarbeitung unter Einbezug von Nachbarschaftsinformation
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Puente León Fernando
Published: March 2019

Hyperspektrale Bildgewinnung und -verarbeitung ermöglicht die berührungslose Untersuchung einer Vielzahl von Materialien und Produkten. Die Anwendungsgebiete reichen dabei von der Beurteilung der Lebensmittelsicherheit über die medizinische Bildgebung bis hin zur industriellen Sortierung. Während Hyperspektraluntersuchungen aufgrund der teuren Hardware und komplexen Datenverarbeitung bis vor einigen Jahren hauptsächlich im Labor stattfanden, haben die technischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre dazu geführt, dass sie mittlerweile echtzeitfähig sind und inline vorgenommen werden können.

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Methoden zur Verarbeitung und Informationsextraktion von Hyperspektralbildern, hauptsächlich der Entrauschung und der spektralen Entmischung. Die vorgestellten Methoden beziehen die inhärent enthaltene, aber meist ignorierte, Nachbarschaftsinformation mit ein.
Rubescins F–H, new vilasinin-type limonoids from the leaves of Trichilia rubescens (Meliaceae)
Authors: Tsamo Armelle Tontsa , Pagna Julio Issah Mawouma , Nangmo Pamela Kemda , Mkounga Pierre , Laatsch Hartmut , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem
Published: March 2019

Three new limonoids, designated as rubescins F (1), G (2), and H (3), together with two known compounds of this type, TS1 (4) and trichirubine A (5), were isolated from methylene chloride/methanol extracts of Trichilia rubescens leaves. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and complemented by electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry results and by comparison to data of related compounds described in the literature and ab initio calculations. Rubescin F (1) is the first limonoid from Trichilia spp. with an oxetane ring between C-7 and C-14, which seems to be formed by the isomerization of TS1 (4). The γ-hydroxybutenolide rubescin G (2) is a potential precursor of trichirubine A (5), whereas rubescin H (3) is the first example of a triterpenoid with a single bond between C-7/C-14, forming a cyclopropane ring. The absolute configuration of these limonoids was derived from biosynthetic considerations and ab initio calculations of NMR and optical rotation dispersion data.
Rheology of Pastes Containing High-Volume Fly Ash and Their Permeability Because of Calcium Leaching Procedure in Ammonium Chloride Solution
Authors: Yang Hu , Lu Cairong , Mei Guoxing
Published: March 2019

This article presents the findings of a research program that concern the rheology of fresh paste containing high-volume fly ash and its permeability because of calcium leaching procedure after 90 days’ curing. In a fresh state, the combined influence of fly ash content and water addition time on Herschel–Bulkley parameters was investigated. The critical value of fly ash content and water addition time was defined. In a hardened state, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was chosen as the accelerate leachant based on the comparison of microscale effect of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and NH4Cl solution as well as leaching mechanism establishment. At specified leaching durations, the leached depth and porosity and permeability coefficient of both sound and deteriorated paste specimens were tested. It was indicated that both the porosity increment and permeability coefficient increment have a linear relation to the square root of leached ratio. Additionally, the velocity of the porosity increment declines with fly ash content, whereas the velocity of permeability coefficient increment declines with fly ash content at first and increases slightly when the fly ash dosage ranges from 40 % to 60 %. It can be concluded that fly ash was effective in improving leaching resistance. Finally, the relevance of fresh and hardened behavior was proposed.
Research on Acoustic Emission Source Location Imaging in Aluminum Alloy Plate-type Structure
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Wang Daorui , Wang Jianguo , Wang Hailing , Xu Guang , Hong Jun
Published: March 2019

The time reversal focusing and imaging technique is often used to locate the acoustic emission (AE) source on a plate-type structure. Because of the computational error caused by the dispersive modes of the raw AE signal, the AE source is sometimes located in the adjacent region of its real position and the pseudo-AE source will be focused in the location image of the AE source. This study is interested in how to effectively avoid the focusing of the pseudo-AE source. Thus, in this article, a Shannon wavelet transform with “Morlet” mother wavelet was used to isolate S0 modes from raw AE signals. The modulus value curves of the isolated S0 modes were treated by time reversal, time delay, and superposition at every grid point in the monitoring area, based on the time reversal focusing principle. The AE source was located at a certain grid point where the peak of the superposition curve is maximal. The monitoring area imaging was realized by defining every grid point’s pixel value with the peak of the superposition curves. The validating experiment was done in a 600 mm by 600 mm monitoring area which is on a 5052 aluminum alloy plate with dimensions of 1,200 mm by 1,200 mm by 3 mm. Comparing with the traditional square location method based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) calculation, the localization accuracy was improved and the maximal radial error is lower than 30 mm. Furthermore, the proposed localization method has a certain ability to overcome the effect of the plate size and local curvature.