bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School uniforms and the menstrual stain dilemma
Authors: Mathew Rosemaria Regy
Published: November 2024

Based on news reports of girls being period-shamed because of menstrual stains on school uniforms, and how female students are forced to remain at home during their menstruating days, the article details the traumatic impact of such incidents. The manner in which these incidents reflect and reinforce menstrual etiquette is analysed against the backdrop of the dominant menstrual culture. Menstrual narratives of women from different cultural contexts have been recounted to comprehend the day-to-day menstrual experiences of women. The article does not place an exclusive emphasis on any single cultural setting and takes up menstrual stories and studies from diverse countries such as India, Kenya, Tanzania and the United Kingdom, highlighting the global nature of the issue discussed. The study, therefore, goes beyond focus on specific cultural locations and attempts to locate the similarities of menstrual experiences across cultural boundaries, and the uniformity that underlie heterogeneous individual menstrual experiences, and sheds light on everyday menstruality. Real-life stories of women becoming victims of and how they contest the dominant social perception of menstrual bloodstains are followed by a discussion on the stain shame and menstrual dignity. Debates surrounding menstrual stains and school uniforms as well as instructional materials for adolescent girls which deal with this issue and the impact it has on their self-esteem and period positivity are also explored.
Dazzled by brass and scarlet: The role of the redcoat in nineteenth-century British literature
Authors: Fenwick Abel F.
Published: November 2024

Sexual promiscuity was common in men of all classes and occupations throughout the nineteenth century. In spite of this, however, only middle-to-upper-class men or members of the military are associated with pre-marital sex within the mid-Victorian novel. The gentleman figure is used as a moral lesson about ‘proper’ conduct and remaining within the rigid confines of class boundaries, with the fallen woman embodying the worst case scenario of overstepping social norms. As the common soldier could provide neither social advancement nor a more financially beneficial arrangement, their positioning as the nineteenth century’s ‘other’ literary seducer seems initially perplexing. The key to their allure lay in their bright-red uniforms, items of clothing so known to induce ‘scarlet fever’ in women that the British Army used this as a recruitment tactic. This article will examine the dangerous sex appeal associated with the nineteenth-century soldier and the myriad reasons why this negative portrayal endured throughout the era. From the scandalous tales of Napoleonic camp wives to the geographical and social mobility offered by adopting the uniform, contemporary anxieties surrounding martial sexuality and its interplay with colonial power led to a range of negative portrayals of redcoats in British literature of the period.
A/r/tography: Essential Readings and Conversations, Rita L. Irwin, Alexandra Lasczik, Anita Sinner and Valerie Triggs (eds) (2024)
Authors: Whittington Michael
Published: November 2024

Review of: A/r/tography: Essential Readings and Conversations, Rita L. Irwin, Alexandra Lasczik, Anita Sinner and Valerie Triggs (eds) (2024)

Bristol: Intellect, 440 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-799-5, p/bk, £29.95
Alteraciones tempranas de la disfagia orofaringea en la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica bulbar y espinal. Estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Martín-García Sandra , Fernández-Nava María José , De-Rodrigo-Tobías Elena , Tamayo-Esquinas Alejandro Jesús , Sánchez-Jara-Sánchez Juan Luis , Martín-Hernández Gonzalo
Published: November 2024

Introducción y objetivo:
El objetivo del estudio es establecer las alteraciones tempranas de la disfagia orofaringea (DO) en la ELA bulbar y ELA espinal, comprobar posibles diferencias entre ambos grupos y conocer el porcentaje de pacientes con ELA que precisa adaptaciones dietéticas tras su primera visita al otorrinolaringólogo (ORL).

Método:
Estudio retrospectivo de 10 pacientes con ELA bulbar y 10 pacientes con ELA espinal de nuestro hospital, valorados por ORL al diagnóstico reciente de ELA. Variables recogidas: demográficas (edad, sexo) y clínicas, incluyendo las alteraciones tempranas en la prueba de deglución bajo fibroendoscopia (FEES) y el tipo de dieta de cada paciente; y comparación de los hallazgos entre ambos grupos.

Resultados:
De 20 pacientes (mediana edad = 68 años), el 50 % presentó ELA espinal y el 50 % ELA bulbar. El test de deglución demostró incompetencia en la propulsión del bolo alimenticio (15 % de pacientes) y residuo faringolaringeo (40 % de pacientes). Se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos en las penetraciones y aspiraciones objetivadas bajo FEES (p
Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate with alcohol and polyhexamethylene biguanide with Tris-EDTA as antiseptic solutions for pre-operative skin preparation in dogs
Authors: Boonwittaya Nithida , Yurayart Chompoonek , Udomkusonsri Pareeya , Kaewmanee Saroch , Sompaisarnsilp Somchai , Thengchaisri Naris , Duangurai Taksaon
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Skin antisepsis plays a crucial role in pre-operative skin preparation, with chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol being historically the preferred choice. However, concerns have risen regarding the development of bacterial resistance to chlorhexidine. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) combined with Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Tris-EDTA) has recently emerged as a skin and wound antiseptic. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy and local safety of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate with 70% alcohol (CG+Alc) and 0.3% PHMB with 6% Tris and 1.86% EDTA (PHMB+Tris-EDTA) for pre-operative skin preparation in dogs.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult dogs underwent aseptic preparation on both sides of their ventral abdomens, with one side receiving CG+Alc and the other side receiving PHMB+Tris-EDTA, assigned randomly. Skin swab samples were collected pre-antisepsis and at 3-, 10-, and 60-min post-antisepsis to quantify bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs). Local skin reactions (erythema and edema) were evaluated after hair clipping, pre-antisepsis, and at 3-, 10-, 30-, and 60-min post-antisepsis.

Results: There was no significant difference in bacterial CFU counts between the two antiseptic groups pre-antiseptic. Both solutions significantly reduced CFU counts (p < 0.05) at all post-antisepsis sampling times compared with pre-antisepsis. However, dogs treated with PHMB+Tris-EDTA showed a significantly higher incidence of edema at 10 min (p = 0.02) and 30 min (p = 0.003) and a higher incidence of erythema at 10 min (p = 0.043) post-antisepsis compared with CG+Alc. No skin reactions were observed in either group at 60 min post-antisepsis.

Conclusion: CG+Alc and PHMB+Tris-EDTA reduced bacterial counts in pre-operative skin preparation in dogs. However, acute transient skin reactions were observed more frequently following the application of PHMB+Tris-EDTA.

Keywords: alcohol, antisepsis, chlorhexidine gluconate, dogs, polyhexamethylene biguanide, skin preparation, tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
Evaluation of Maxillofacial Silicone Implant Superstructure Material Mechanical Properties after Addition of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Shahad Fadhil Bunyan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
This study is to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide addition on maxillofacial silicone implant superstructure material mechanical properties.
METHODS
A total of 60 samples were prepared and divided into 6 groups; control, 1% Tio2 (nano-titanium oxides), 1.5% Tio2, 2% Tio2, 2.5% Tio2, 3% Tio2 which was added to (VST30) silicone elastomer. Samples were exposed to artificial weathering for 600 hours, then tested for tensile strength and Shore A hardness. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to determine the differences between groups.
RESULTS
After artificial weathering, a high increase in the mean value for tensile strength with a significant increase in hardness in samples containing 2.5% Tio2, followed by the samples with 2% Tio2 compared to the control and other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The addition of Tio2 nanoparticles to maxillofacial silicone improved its mechanical properties. Tio2 nanoparticle filler reinforcement is encouraging for enhancing tensile strength and Shore A hardness properties values for the longevity of maxillofacial silicone.
Reproductive medicine news. Digest of publications, issue 4
Authors: Barmina I. I.
Published: November 2024

This issue of reproductive medicine news presents current research and data from reviews and meta-analyses on the study and innovative methods of treating diseases of the reproductive system, presented in leading international periodicals.
The role of leptin in endometrium disorders: literature review
Authors: Ievleva K. D. , Danusevich I. N. , Suturina L. V.
Published: November 2024

Leptin is not only the main regulator of energy balance, but also it affects the reproductive and immune systems. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the endometrium and are actively involved in the embryo implantation. According to numerous studies, expression and level changes of leptin are associated with the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including endometriosis and chronic endometritis. Hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases of the uterus are accompanied by a violation of the receptivity of the endometrium due to the dysregulation of many factors involved in proliferation, vascularization and decidualization of cells. Activity of most of these factors is due to the leptin action, however, there are no studies of the direct effect of leptin in the pathogenesis of disorders of the endometrium in hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases.

Thus, the purpose of this literature review was to describe the putative molecular mechanisms of the effect of leptin on the development of endometrial pathology.

Literature search was carried out from 03/20/2023 to 05/11/2023 using scientific literature databases: NCBI PubMed, Google Scholar (foreign sources), Cyberleninka, Elibrary (domestic sources): references for the period 1995-2023 were analyzed. The following keywords were used for the search: leptin, endometrial dysfunction, endometrial receptivity, inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease.
Main epidemiological indicators of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Russian Federation for 2014–2023
Authors: Laptev D. N. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Sheshko E. L. , Aleksandrova G. A. , Chumakova O. V. , Krestovskaya N. M. , Kulaev A. Sh. , Peterkova V. A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus in childhood, where, unlike in adults, it accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes. The constant change in the epidemiology of T1DM with significant differences in populations and regions requires systematic data collection and analysis for timely monitoring of T1DM trends.

AIM: Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of T1DM in children in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years — from 2014 to 2023.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was the data obtained from the federal statistical observation form No. 12 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization» for the period from 2014 to 2023. The prevalence (total number of registered cases) and incidence (cases with a diagnosis established for the first time) of T1DM (ICD-10 code: E10) were analyzed in children in three age groups: from 0 to 14 years, from 15 to 17 years, and combined from 0 to 17 years (inclusive).

RESULTS: Over the analyzed period, the prevalence of T1DM increased steadily from 238.6 in 2014 to 374.2 cases per 100,000 children in 2023. The prevalence of T1DM in adolescents from 15 to 17 years was higher than in children and amounted to 120.3-203.2 cases per 100,000 adolescents, while in children under 14 years of age, the prevalence was 100.1–172.2 cases per 100,000 children. The annual increase in the prevalence of T1DM averaged 6.3% (95% CI 4.9–7.8). The incidence of T1DM during the analyzed period was 19.1–27.2 cases per 100,000 children and also had a general tendency toward an annual increase in new cases. At the same time, over the past three years, there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates at 26.5–27.2 per 100,000 children. The annual increase in incidence averaged 4.9% (95% CI 0.9–8.9). The greatest increase in the incidence of T1DM was observed in regions with low incidence.

CONCLUSION: The epidemiology of T1DM in the Russian Federation is characterized by significant regional and dynamic changes. Over the period 2014-2023, the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children has increased significantly, increasing annually by an average of 5%, while there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates over the past three years.
Die Stadtbibliothek Heidenheim – preisgekröntes Gebäude im Herzen der Stadt
Authors: Jentsch Thomas
Published: November 2024

Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Neubau, das Konzept und den Erfolg der Stadtbibliothek Heidenheim. Auf dem ehemaligen Gefängnisgelände an der Schnittstelle zwischen historischer Innenstadt und der Nachkriegsbebauung wurde Ende 2017 der Neubau der Stadtbibliothek eröffnet. Gemäß ihrer geografischen Lage hat die Stadtbibliothek sich schnell auch in der Mitte der Stadtgesellschaft etabliert und ist so zum beliebten Treffpunkt für Groß und Klein geworden. Neben dem riesigen Angebot an physischen und digitalen Medien stehen die hohe Aufenthaltsqualität im Gebäude sowie das vielfältige Veranstaltungsangebot im Mittelpunkt.
„Wilde Schriften!“,
Authors: Schaab Rupert
Published: November 2024

Der neue Erweiterungsbau der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek erhielt als Geschenk ihres Fördervereins 16 typographische Installationen des namhaften Typographen Andreas Uebele, die dieser mit seinem Büro eigens für den Neubau geschaffen hat. Die zumeist zeitgenössischen Texte aus aller Welt setzen gegen Unglück und Gewalt die Kraft der Literatur. Mit ihrer oft nicht auf Anhieb entzifferbaren Gestaltung provozieren die Installationen zur eingehenderen Auseinandersetzung mit den Texten.
Technische Umsetzung und Funktionen von SocioHub: Eine Analyse des Kollaborationsportals für Soziologie und Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Lang Maike , Hamad Ameen Rawa , Badalova Fidan , Yang Han
Published: November 2024

SocioHub bietet über 3 000 Mitgliedern aus der Soziologie und den Sozialwissenschaften ein Kollaborationsportal für Zusammenarbeit, Vernetzung und Austausch. Der Fachinformationsdienst Soziologie, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), wird von den Projektpartnern Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, GESIS – Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften und Qualiservice betrieben. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die technische Umsetzung von SocioHub und stellt die Funktionen des Kollaborationsportals vor, die sich als wichtige Werkzeuge in der soziologischen Forschungslandschaft etabliert haben.
10 Jahre Archivportal-D
Authors: Meyer Nils , Ruisinger Denise
Published: November 2024

Im September 2024 jährte sich die offizielle Freischaltung des Archivportal-D zum zehnten Mal. Zu diesem Anlass wirft der Beitrag einen Blick zurück und in die Zukunft. Ausgehend von der Vorgeschichte des Portals werden die Anpassungen der Webseite sowie die verschiedenen, mit der Aggregation von Archivinformationen in Verbindung stehenden Problemfelder und Herausforderungen beleuchtet.
Green synthesis and effective utilization of biogenic Al2O3-nanocoupled fungal lipase in the resolution of active homochiral 2-octanol and its immobilization via aluminium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Sikander , Tahir Ghanwa , Usman Ahmad Muhammad , Liaqat Iram , Nauman Aftab Muhammad , Khurshid Shazia , Khan Jahangir , Sarwar Abid , Aziz Tariq , Alharbi Metab , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Albekairi Thamer H.
Published: November 2024

The present study highlights the true potential of Rhizopus oligosporus IIB-08 to produce lipase enzyme under solid-state fermentation and focuses on improving the properties of lipase by immobilizing it on biogenic aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al-NPs) for better resolution of active homochiral 2-octanol. For this purpose, almond meal substrate showed 10.44 ± 0.36 U·g−1 lipase activity. The immobilization of lipase on biogenic Al-NPs prepared using Mentha spicata leaf extract led towards improved stability and catalytic efficiency, resulting in a 9.3% increase in activity compared to free enzyme. This study also examined the potential of the immobilized lipase in the effective resolution of 2-octanol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of lipase-catalysed fatty acids, such as linolenic acid (C18:3), linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid, and oleic acid (C18:1), with palmitic acid exhibiting the highest concentration (142 μg·ml−1) at a retention time of 23.2 min. This study concludes that R. oligosporus IIB-08 is a promising source for lipase production and demonstrates the significant potential of nanoparticle-immobilized lipase in resolving pharmaceutically important organic chemicals, thereby making it a promising approach for different industrial applications. However, further scaling up is needed for better implementation in the industry.
Ultra-compact thin-film-lithium-niobate photonic chip for dispersion compensation
Authors: Liu Shujun , Ma Ruitao , Wang Weihan , Yu Zejie , Dai Daoxin
Published: November 2024

Thin-film-lithium-niobate (TFLN) photonics has attracted intensive attention and become very popular in recent years. Here, an ultra-compact TFLN on-chip dispersion compensator is proposed and realized to provide a promising solution for dispersion control. The proposed dispersion compensator is composed of chirped multimode waveguide gratings (CMWGs) arranged in zigzag-cascade, enabling high footprint compactness and scalability. Particularly, these CMWGs are circulator-free and very convenient for cascading, owing to the TE0–TE1 mode conversion and the assistance of the TE0–TE1 mode (de)multiplexer. The present configuration with CMWGs in zigzag-cascade also overcomes the drawback of being unable to use waveguide spirals for large-range time delay and dispersion control due to the TFLN’s anisotropy. In addition, positive/negative dispersion control is realized by appropriately choosing the input port of the CMWGs. In the experiment, 2-mm-long CMWGs are used to provide a dispersion value of about +1.5 ps/nm and −1.2 ps/nm over a 21-nm-wide bandwidth, and there are up to 32 CMWGs in cascade demonstrated experimentally, showing a maximal dispersion of 49.2 ps/nm and −39.3 ps/nm. The corresponding average propagation loss is as low as 0.47 dB/cm, and the fabricated chip with 32 CMWGs in zigzag-cascade has a footprint as compact as 0.16 × 4.65 mm2. Finally, the present on-chip dispersion compensator is used successfully to compensate for the dispersion originating from a 5-km-long singlemode fiber (SMF) and high-quality eye-diagrams are achieved for the recovered 40 Gbps OOK signals, showing great potential for optical systems such as high-speed interconnects in datacenters.
Potential pharmaceutical applications and molecular docking study for green fabricated ZnO nanoparticles mediated Raphanus sativus: In vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Kadhum Hussam H. , Ibraheem Sumayah , Jawad Zainab Nizar , Jeddoa Zuhair Mohammed Ali , Rasool Khetam H. , Jabir Majid S. , Najm Mazin A. , Jawad Sabrean F. , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Nayef Uday M. , Abdula Ahmed Mutanabbi , Ghotekar Suresh , Swelum Ayman A.
Published: November 2024

The use of plant extracts as potent reducing agents for the environmentally friendly production of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently attracted the interest of scientists. NPs have received high attention because of their novel properties. The aim of the present study is to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Raphanus sativus and study their effect as antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic, agents, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, and inducers of phagocytosis and autophagy. The antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral activities of ZnO NPs were investigated using different assays: well diffusion assay, MTT assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis assay. Meanwhile, immunofluorescent assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were used for detection of autophagy and phagocytosis. Docking was also achieved to study their binding mode as well as affinity within the target enzymes (glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase) (PDB:1MOQ) active site, estrogen receptor (PDB:3ERT) active site, and tubulin receptor (PDB:4O2B) active site. The results demonstrated that the ZnO NPs have an inhibitory role against bacteria and the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A549). IC50 was 22.78 µg/mL for A549 cells. For MCF-10, was 272.24 µg/mL, antiviral activity against influenza virus, and antidiabetic agent. Conversely, the results showed the ability of ZnO NPs to reduce inflammasome activity via induction of autophagy. The study’s findings show that R. sativus can be easily and effectively used to synthesize ZnO NPs, and they also highlight the ZnO NPs’ considerable potential as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, antidiabetic agent, and phagocytosis and autophagy inducer. Based on our findings, the green synthesized ZnO NPs could be used as promising therapeutic agents for biomedical applications.
Pain catastrophizing levels differentiate between common diseases with pain: HIV, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, and breast cancer survivors
Authors: Sipilä Reetta , Kalso Eija , Kemp Harriet , Zetterman Teemu , Lozano Fabiola Escolano , Rice Andrew S. C. , Birklein Frank , Dimova Violeta
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Pain catastrophizing is a core psychological factor determining pain experience. We addressed the question of whether patients with different pain syndromes group into different pain catastrophizing phenotypes.

Methods

A total of 727 patients with chronic pain associated with four primary syndromes: Breast cancer (BC) survivors (n = 400), fibromyalgia (FM, n = 52), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, n = 155), and HIV (n = 120) were first studied for differences in levels of pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS) and pain intensity by analysis of variance. Subsequently, individual scores of the PCS subscales “rumination”, “magnification,” and “helplessness” from the pooled cohorts were submitted to multivariate k-means clustering to explore subgroups.

Results

Three clusters defined by the level of catastrophizing were identified. The “low catastrophizing” cluster (n = 377) included most of the BC patients (71.0%) and the “moderate catastrophizing” cluster (n = 256) most of the FM patients (61.5%). HIV (31.9%) and CRPS (44.7%) patients were over-represented in the “high catastrophizing” cluster (n = 94) with the highest catastrophizing tendencies in all dimensions. These patients reported more helplessness than the patients in the two other clusters.

Conclusions

The primary syndrome causing the pain has an impact on self-reported pain-related catastrophizing. Helplessness is a predominant feature in HIV and CRPS patients and therefore an important target in pain rehabilitation.
Interactions between Arousal State and CO
2
Determine the Activity of Central Chemoreceptor Neurons That Drive Breathing
Authors: Souza George M.P.R. , Stornetta Daniel S. , Abbott Stephen B.G.
Published: November 2024

The homeostatic regulation of pulmonary ventilation, and ultimately arterial PCO
2
, depends on interactions between respiratory chemoreflexes and arousal state. The ventilatory response to CO
2
is triggered by neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) that function as sensors of central pH, which can be identified in adulthood by the expression of Phox2b and neuromedin B. Here, we examine the dynamic response of genetically defined RTN neurons to hypercapnia and arousal state in freely behaving adult male and female mice using the calcium indicator jGCaMP7 and fiber photometry. We found that hypercapnia vigorously activates RTN neurons with a low CO
2
recruitment threshold and with response kinetics that match respiratory activity whereas hypoxia had little effect. RTN activity increased transiently during wakefulness and respiratory-related arousals and rose persistently during rapid eye movement sleep, and their CO
2
response persisted under anesthesia. Complementary studies using inhibitory optogenetics show that RTN activity supports eupneic breathing under anesthesia as well as during states of high arousal, but their activity is redundant for voluntary breathing patterns. Collectively, this study demonstrates that CO
2
-activated RTN neurons are exquisitely sensitive to the arousal state, which determines their contribution to alveolar ventilation in relation to arterial PCO
2
.
Social Significance of Legal Entities
Authors: Zhornokui Yuriy
Published: November 2024

On the basis of studying legal and sociological literature the author of the article has considered the issues related to the social principles and needs of society in the sphere of creating and functioning of legal entities as participants in civil turnover. Special attention has been paid to the fact that the emergence of such subjects of civil relations is related both to the economic challenges of a constantly developing society and to social needs aimed at satisfying the interests of individuals (people).It has been concluded that modern legal systems actively use the created constructions of legal entities. In this context, a legal entity is admitted as an objective reality like the law itself. Therefore, a legal entity exists because: 1) a social community needs such a legal structure; 2) there is law as a regulator of social and economic relations. Thus, a legal entity is a product of a society (caused by a social need) and the corresponding construction will be used as long as society needs it. As a result, a legal entity should be considered a legal reality (actually existing within the framework of the coordinate system of law and legislation), the result of the mental activity of a person who realized and created such a structure to satisfy own interests, as well as social and economic needs.It has been proved that the concept of a legal entity, except recording the economic and political realities of different eras, has a high level of social demand, since it reflects certain forms of people’s relationships that arise in the process of social production and ensure the integrity and stability of this process. The concept of a legal entity in this context determines the number of scientific concepts that justify its essence and correspond to theoretical and methodological searches for the reasons of its social origin, existence and activity.
Principles of European contract law
Authors: Vasylieva Valentyna , Zelisko Alla
Published: November 2024

The article examines the main trends in the European space regarding the basic principles of contractual regulation of relations. The emphasis is placed on the dominance of the private law concept in the field of contractual relations. The author concludes that the fundamental principles of contractual regulation are of an evaluative nature. The article supports the assertion of scholars that the principles of European contract law are axiological in nature - filled with evaluative content and require interpretation in each particular case. The basic principles for contractual relations are the principles of fairness, good faith and reasonableness. The author emphasises that these abstract evaluative categories work together, and only in interaction can they ensure effective legal regulation of contractual relations. These principles determine the discretionary nature of legal regulation of contracts in the European area, including freedom of contract.The author concludes that the DCFRs provide for the principles of regulation of private contractual relations based on the use of a whole range of basic fundamental principles with an evaluative legal nature, which indicates that there is a tendency in science to fill European law with axiological content. The European principles of contractual regulation of relations based on the principles of good faith, reasonableness and fairness, filled with the concepts of freedom of contract and discretion underlying such regulation, are the initial basis which forms the basis for application and implementation of the contractual structure in private law relations. The contract acquires the features of universality and plasticity, namely, remaining an instrument of private discretionary regulation, it acquires the ability to effectively and properly regulate numerous special types of private law relations.
Actual problems of the institute of criminal misdemeanours and practices of its application
Authors: Chornyi Andriy
Published: November 2024

In this article, based on the analysis of the norms of the current legislation and the current practice of its application, a number of theoretical problems and practical recommendations regarding the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses in the form of inquiry, which are designed to improve the theory of the criminal process and the practical activities of law enforcement agencies, have been formed and substantiated.The main goal of this publication is a comprehensive, scientific and doctrinal study of the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the criminal procedural activities of investigative bodies, analytical and critical analysis of all shortcomings, gaps and conflicts of the current legislation, in order to provide substantiated proposals and recommendations aimed at improvement criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and the practice of its application.The current criminal and criminal-procedural legislation of Ukraine was analyzed to establish the content and legal essence of the institute of criminal misdemeanors and investigation;The concept and essence of the criminal-procedural activity of investigative bodies, their tasks, functions and powers in the criminal process are disclosed;All shortcomings, gaps and conflicts of the current legislation of Ukraine, which hinder the effective activity of inquiry bodies, have been identified;Proposals and recommendations on improving the legal framework to improve the effectiveness of regulation of criminal procedural activities of investigative bodies have been provided.As a rule, the complex and most of the work in the fight against criminal offenses is entrusted to the bodies of inquiry, pre-trial investigation, the prosecutor’s office and the court. An important role in this field of activity is assigned to inquiry and pre-trial investigation. After all, the final success in the fight against crime depends on the efficiency of these bodies, the clear distribution of competences between them, their initiative and professional ability to build relationships correctly, on a business basis.
Comparison of Stress Coping Strategies of Socially Vulnerable Young People in Lithuania and Latvia
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Asta , Alifanovienė Daiva , Kepalaitė Albina , Šapelytė Odeta , Gerulaitis Darius
Published: November 2024

The article addresses the issue of stress coping of socially vulnerable young people. Coping methods and strategies are analysed regarding the socio-cultural context. A quantitative study was conducted to reveal the coping methods and strategies of socially vulnerable young people aged 18–29 from Northern Lithuania and Southern Latvia. Vulnerable young people in the two Baltic States use different coping strategies and sets of coping strategies which may be related with socio-cultural reasons, different content of the social service package, availability and content of psychological and social support.
Vyresnių informacinių komunikacinių technologijų naudotojų požiūris į internetinį bendravimą
Authors: Rapolienė Gražina , Steponavičiūtė Goda Marija , Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė Margarita
Published: November 2024

Research suggests that the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially for communication purposes, can have a positive impact on the emotional health and subjective quality of life of older people. However, older people are little willing to engage in online communication. This article analyses the attitudes of older ICT users towards online communication. The study is based on 36 interviews with older ICT users and 9 interviews with people who encouraged them to use technology, conducted in 2022. The results of the study are in line with the theoretical Technology Acceptance Model. It is found that older people have positive attitudes towards online communication when they perceive its benefits. In contrast, public and private online communication are also criticized. Results reveal concerns that the rise of online communication is disrupting face-to-face communication, and that it is addictive and time-consuming. There are expressions of internalized ageism that such communication is more suitable for young people. The study results align with the Media Richness Theory, with older people emphasising the irreplaceability of live communication as the richest form of communication.
The Restructuring of Social Inequalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Chesters Jenny
Published: November 2024

As the COVID-19 virus began to spread across Australia, a six-week national lockdown was implemented in late March 2020. Australians were largely confined to their homes and nonessential economic and social activities ceased. Subsequently, lockdowns were implemented at various times in various states, territories and regions in response to local outbreaks of the virus. To examine how the restrictions associated with the pandemic impacted on the working lives of young Australians during the 2020 lockdowns, I draw on Life Patterns project data generated from semistructured interviews conducted with 40 participants in September and October 2020. From a class perspective, the lockdowns exacerbated existing inequalities related to occupation. Some participants, such as those in the hospitality sector, were stood down whereas other participants either worked from home (e.g., professionals and white-collar workers) or continued working as usual after being classified as essential workers (e.g., nurses, doctors, security guards). Participants who were stood down immediately were left to fend for themselves until the Federal Government introduced JobKeeper payments. They had to rely on their annual leave, withdraw money from their retirement savings and/ or move in with family or friends just to survive. Participants who were able to keep working saved money due to being confined to home and not be able to socialise or take holidays. Consequently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some participants depleted their savings whereas others had built on their existing wealth.
The Effect of Nanoceria on the Probiotic Properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum Strains
Authors: Safronova L.A. , Roy A.O. , Skorochod I.O. , Pylypiuk Y.V.
Published: November 2024

A novel approach to the therapeutic enhancement of probiotics is their integration with distinctive (having a positive effect on living organisms) nanoparticles. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of nanoceria (nano-CeO2) on the growth of probiotic bacilli, as well as on their antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential, with the intention of developing a biocomposite preparation for the prevention and treatment of infections. Methods. The number of viable bacterial cells was determined by the tenfold dilution method. The antimicrobial activity of probiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion, well diffusion tests, and measurement of growth inhibition zones of test cultures (Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antioxidant potential of cell-free supernatants of probiotic bacteria was studied using spectrophotometric methods. Results. The growth activity of probiotic strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum IMV B-7142 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum IMV B-7143 reached its maximum when grown with 0.01 mM nano-CeO2. This concentration was determined to be optimal. When testing the antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacilli under the influence of nano-CeO2, its stimulating effect was revealed, but to a different degree for each of the two studied strains. B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum IMV B-7142 inhibited the growth of opportunistic pathogenic test cultures more actively than strain IMV B-7143. The antioxidant potential of cell-free supernatants of the studied bacteria was enhanced by nano-CeO2, although to varying degrees. In particular, the activity of hydroxyl radical scavenging  markedly increased compared to the control. Conclusions. Consequently, nano-CeO2, due to its stimulatory effect on the physiological and biochemical activity of B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum IMV B-7142 and IMV B-7143, may be a promising component of a biocomposite preparation.
Legal Regulation of Ensuring Human Rights in Ukraine During The Introduction of Martial Law: Constitutional, Administrative and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Kantor Nataliia , Ivantsova Zoia , Darahan Valerii , Velkov Anatolii , Andreiev Dmytro
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to reveal the provision of human rights in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law. Human rights and freedoms are the highest value, but their characteristic feature, as a fundamentally important feature of a progressive society, consists in historical instability, variability and subordination to socio-economic processes in the state, which contradicts the established principles of humanism but remains typical in war conditions. Within the scope of the scientific study, it was determined that human rights have a characteristic of evolution together with society and the state, and therefore, taking into account the complexity of the events taking place on the territory of modern Ukraine, the study of the available range of problems has a particularly important scientific and practical role. A study of the available range of problems was carried out using comparison, abstraction, analysis, and generalization methods. In the course of the study, the essential characteristics of the social category were determined, particularly the theoretical and methodological foundations of ensuring observance of human rights in conditions of martial law (the regulatory and legal basis). Summarizing the events taking place in Ukraine as a result of the treacherous armed aggression of the Russian Federation, it was concluded that under conditions of war, human rights are of the highest value.
Environmental Agreement as the Object of State Administrative Disputes
Authors: Dewa Teguh Triesna
Published: November 2024

The implementation of state administrative law is presently undergoing considerable changes due to modifications in environmental law regulations. A significant alteration is the shift from a business license framework to a business approval framework, which has generated ambiguity in environmental law enforcement, particularly incorporating ecological approvals under the purview of disputes in the State Administrative Court (PTUN). This alteration presents new difficulties in ascertaining the authority of the PTUN and the interpretation of environmental legislation within the framework of state administration. This study employs a qualitative research methodology utilizing two primary approaches: the literature approach and the legal approach. The literature approach examines several academic sources, journals, books, and legal documents pertinent to the evolution of the corporate licensing and approval system and its implementation in environmental law. This literature study elucidates the theoretical framework and legal advancements pertinent to ecological conflicts in the PTUN. The legal analysis involves scrutinizing relevant laws and regulations, particularly state administrative and environmental law, including Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration and Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. The study's findings indicate that transitioning from a business licensing system to a business approval system has generated ambiguity within PTUN authority, particularly on environmental approvals. The State Administrative Court, as a crucial judicial body under the Supreme Court, possesses autonomy in adjudicating administrative disputes and plays a key role in the enforcement of environmental law. Yet, this alteration necessitates a more explicit elucidation of environmental and state administrative law interplay. This article seeks to examine the function of the PTUN within the Indonesian legal system concerning the enforcement of environmental law and to provide solutions for addressing the issues stemming from this regulatory alteration.
Comparative Legal Analysis of the Use of Electronic Format of Criminal Cases and the Procedure under the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ivanov Dmitriy , Grinenko Aleksandr , Fadeev Pavel , Ermakov Sergey , Antimonova Svetlana
Published: November 2024

The article deals with foreign experience of digitalization of preliminary investigation. Russian Federation is dominated by conservative views of law enforcers and legislators on this issue. Currently there are only small steps towards the digitalisation of preliminary investigation in our country. At the same time it has been established that the introduction of various information systems and automated workstations into practice, which was supposed to create a unified system and network of wide coverage, has not happened due to the lack of a unified request from the system of investigative bodies and technical capabilities, as well as lack of an urgent need for changes in the working procedure on the part of investigators and interrogators. In conclusion, the authors conclude that there are currently only minor steps towards digitalisation of pre-trial investigations and the creation of an electronic format for criminal cases in the Russian Federation. However, it is obvious that the rapidly developing information and telecommunication technologies will do their job in this aspect as well, which will lead to the creation and successful testing of the topic studied by the authors.
Удосконалення управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад в умовах реформування місцевого самоврядування в Україні
Authors: Гармата Євгеній
Published: November 2024

Актуальність. Підвищення ефективності та прозорості управління комунальною власністю – важлива складова зміцнення спроможності територіальних громад в умовах реформування місцевого самоврядування в Україні. Сучасна, раціонально побудова, гнучка та результативна система управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад є запорукою забезпечення сприятливих умов життєдіяльності мешканців громад та економічного розвитку територій.
Мета дослідження – визначення сучасного стану, основних напрямів, механізмів та інноваційних інструментів удосконалення управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад в умовах реформування місцевого самоврядування в Україні.
Результати. Визначено особливості вітчизняної системи управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу, що регулює управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад в Україні. Акцентовано на перевагах децентралізаційної реформи. Виявлено проблеми та визначено основні напрями удосконалення управління комунальною власністю територіальних громад в Україні.
Висновки. Практика розвитку вітчизняних територіальних громад свідчить як про значний потенціал комунальної власності громад, так і про наявність постійних та системних проблем в управлінні нею. Наявність проблем, завершальний етап децентралізаційної реформи та необхідність повоєнної відбудови територіальних громад детермінують потребу пошуку оптимальної моделі управління комунальною власністю.
Механізми державного управління захистом національних цінностей особистості в умовах глобалізаційного розвитку цифровізації
Authors: Ларін Станіслав
Published: November 2024

У статті розглянуті механізмів державного управління захистом національних цінностей в умовах  глобалізаційного розвитку цифрових технологій. Автором узагальнені праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців з означеної проблеми, представлено види  механізмів державного управління захистом національних цінностей крізь призму двох концепцій - «захист національних цінностей в умовах глобальної цифровізації» та «захист національних цінностей від глобальної цифровізації».
Наголошено та тому, що обидві концепції тісно пов’язані між собою, водночас вони є  прямопротилежними, що породжує загрози та ризики з питання  захисту національних цінностей в умовах сучасного інноваційного розвитку суспільства,  де мотивується штучне запровадження цифрових технологій. Це збільшує загрози та ризики з погляду як людиноцентризму, так і націєцентризму, суспільствоцентризму та державоцентризму. Тому виникає потреба запровадити на рівні держави докторальну безпеку національних цінностей, яка сприятиме  виокремленню загроз та ризиків для їх захисту в умовах глобальної цифровізації управління, економіки, соціально-правових відносин.  
Автор статті визначає види механізмів державного управління захистом національних цінностей як є пріоритетними в державотворчому процесі на засадах людиноцентризму.  Стверджує, що часто існуюча система електронного врядування та цифрових технологій в умовах безпекової нестабільності на континенті загрожує національному суверенітету держав, їх демократичним цінностям, ідентичності та культурному розвитку. Наводить приклад, що розбудова електронного  врядування передбачалася як людиноцентричний підхід, що забезпечує відкритий доступ особистості до даних з надання публічних послуг для повної взаємодії з державою. Однак в сучасних умовах глобальної цифровізації ці наміри зазнали суттєвих змін, перетворюючи людину на «цифрову особистість».
Зроблено висновок про перспективи використання зарубіжного досвіду для підвищення ефективності застосування державних механізмів захисту національних цінностей в умовах глобалізаційного  розвитку цифровізації, що сприятиме розвитку економіки, культури, освіти, охорони здоров’я, забезпечить глибокий людиноцентричний підхід до популяризації національних цінностей.