bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Astroethics and the Non-Fungibility Thesis
Authors: Lindquist Michael Aaron ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: July 2022

This paper approaches the question of terraforming—the changing of extraterrestrial environments to be capable of harboring earth-based life—by arguing for a novel conception of moral status that accounts for extraterrestrial bodies like Mars. The paper begins by addressing pro-terraforming arguments offered by James S. J. Schwartz before offering the novel account of moral status. The account offered builds on and modifies Keekok Lee’s No External Teleology Thesis (NETT), while defending a proposed Non-Fungibility Thesis (NFT). The NETT is modified and defended with specific reference to Lee’s work on artifactuality and transgenic organisms. The NFT builds on work around objectification and irreplaceability, offering an account that recognizes the importance of bearers of value above and beyond the mere value they purportedly possess. Finally, the plausibility of the account is established by an overview of its applicability to other possible candidates for moral status.
Proposta Metodológica para Análise Econômico-Regulatória da Inserção de um Novo Agente Institucional de Armazenamento de Energia no Sistema Elétrico Brasileiro
Authors: Goulart Diego Dorneles , Sperandio Mauricio
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma proposta metodológica para realizar uma análise econômico-regulatória da inserção de um novo agente institucional no setor elétrico brasileiro (SEB), o agente de armazenamento de energia. Com novos paradigmas tecnológicos e novos arranjos econômico-regulatórios futuros decorrentes da aplicação de sistemas de armazenamento de energia (SAE) no SEB, os agentes de geração (G), de transmissão (T) e de distribuição (D) de energia elétrica serão modelados no Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP), em específico com aplicações de SAE a partir de sistemas eletroquímicos de baterias, para as simulações de modelagem baseada em agentes (ABM), com variáveis técnico-operacionais e econômico-regulatórias, em: a) cenário futuro 1, com gestão individualizada dos agentes GTD sobre os resultados com SAE segmentados no SEP; b) cenário futuro 2, com a inserção de um novo agente de armazenamento de energia elétrica (A) para a prestação de serviços com SAE, com gestão centralizada no SEP, em nova relação contratual com os demais agentes do SEB.
Percursos de uma pesquisa sobre a prática demindfulness e seus atravessamentos no trabalho atoral
Authors: Tavares Cavalcanti Maria Luiza
Published: July 2022

Minha pesquisa dedoutorado tem como objeto as possíveis reverbera­ções da prática domindfulnessno trabalho atoral. Nessa abordagem da meditação, me debruço sobredois conceitos específicos: o da expe­riência de impermanência e como elaauxilia a interpretação; e o estado de interser, que é inato à existência dequem atua se experimentando em rede com as outras formas de vida da natureza.Neste artigo trago relatos de algumas fases de minha pesquisa do doutorado Emum primeiro mo­mento, o texto remonta à minha apresentação, em maio de 2021, noII Seminário de Artes da Cena e Práticas Contemplativas, onde tracei o caminhoque desejava percorrer com os atores e atrizes em sala de aula, com a pesquisarelativa às práticas de mindfulness e o trabalho de atua­ção. Em um segundomomento, narro situações vivenciadas no estágio de docência que tive aoportunidade de realizar entre novembro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, com osalunos da graduação de Artes Cênicas da Universidade Federal do Estado do Riode Janeiro (UNIRIO).
Geothermal reservoir depth of Seulawah Agam volcano estimated from 1D magnetotelluric
Authors: Marwan M , Yanis Muhammad , Zahratunnisa Z , Idroes Rinaldi , Nugraha G.S. , Dharma D.B. , Susilo Adi , Saputra Deni , Suriadi S , Yadi Paembonan
Published: July 2022

SeulawahAgam has planned to construct a geothermal power plant with an estimated 275 MW by the government to replace fossil energy. This study used a magnetotelluric (MT) survey to investigate the primary geothermal system, such as heat sources, reservoirs, or faults, which are responsible for regulating the surface manifestation. The regional volcano and fault of the Seulimum segments were traversed by 26 MT stations. The 1D Inversion was conducted toward the overall MT data using the Occam inversion algorithm from IP2Win MT. This Inversion was performed to acquire characteristics of the geothermal system based on resistivity parameters against the depth. The 1D model distribution was combined and converted into pseudo 2D, which could depict the subsurface conditions. Based on the data analysis, the cross-section model revealed that the volcanic sediment layer near the surface had a resistivity of 57-98 Om. In the depth of 4-8 km in profile one, and 0.2-2 km, in profile 2, coverage of clay CAP rocks was found with impermeable properties, where the resistivity was low (<10 Om). Afterward, the reservoir layer was characterized by resistivity ranging from 94 to 188 Om located at 1-3 km depth, where this anomaly could be seen across all measuring tracks. Meanwhile, the region beneath the reservoir was estimated to be a heat source with a depth range of 2-5 km, as evidenced by a high resistivity of more than >1000 Om. The pseudo-2D results could provide an initial model of SeulawahAgam's geothermal system.
The development of research competence among specialist registrars in South Africa: Challenges and opportunities for research education and capacity development
Authors: Moxley K
Published: July 2022

To equip physicians with the competencies that support evidence-based healthcare, curriculum frameworks for medical education often promote scholarly activity as an essential component of training. Many medical schools worldwide expect medical trainees to participate in some form of research during their undergraduate and postgraduate training. This requirement is especially important in Africa, where there is also much need to develop clinical research capacity and an evidence base that is contextualised to the specific healthcare challenges on the continent. In South Africa, the requirement for specialist trainees to complete a research project (as part of a Master of Medicine, MMed) was made mandatory from 2011 and has introduced several difficulties for many training centres. There is concern that institutions are failing to develop medical specialists who are competent in their role as scholars, particularly in their ability to conduct research. In this article, I review the South African literature that discusses the research component of medical specialist registration. In addition to summarising the challenges associated with MMed projects and recent efforts to address them, I interrogate whether the current status of MMed research education is likely to be contributing to the successful development of research competence among this unique group of postgraduates. By consolidating the current debate, I hope to encourage a point of departure between criticising the challenges and adopting proactive strategies to address them. There is a great need for medical educators to design innovative and learner-centred research education strategies that can better develop research competence among African healthcare professionals.
Ethical dilemmas in projectivised multisite research
Authors: Steyn R , Subramaney U , Idemudia E S , Becker J
Published: July 2022

Projectivised multisite research is gaining popularity, but is not without its pitfalls. Presented are eight possible challenges that could be encountered, and strategies to manage them. This article presents valuable information to scholars planning projectivised multisite research endeavours.
How to plan for simulation integration into undergraduate physiotherapy training
Authors: Van der Merwe A , Barnes R Y , Labuschagne M J
Published: July 2022

Background. The benefits of simulation in healthcare education are undeniable, and in the current healthcare climate, a drastic change in delivering healthcare training is critical. Therefore, integration of simulation is essential, and necessitates detailed planning and well-trained educators. Objectives. To develop a conceptual framework for the integration of simulation in South African (SA) undergraduate physiotherapy programmes. Methods. A non-experimental descriptive research design using a modified Delphi survey was conducted. Results from a systematic review identifying simulation integration framework elements informed the Delphi survey. A purposive sample of 15 healthcare educationalists from SA and abroad were approached to participate. Data were analysed as percentages, and feedback was provided to panel members following each round.

Results. A response rate of 73.3% (n=11) was achieved. Planning was explored as one of the themes. Both institutional- and discipline-specific needs analyses were identified as essential (93%), and societal needs were useful to consider (64%). Resource identification and sharing (84%) were regarded as vital, and expert collaboration in curriculum development (79%) with scaffolded skills integration (75%) was advised. The necessity for trained facilitators (93%) and educator role identification (71%) was evident. Statements related to mastery learning/deliberate practice and the use of simulation for assessment purposes yielded the least consensus.

Conclusion. A constructively aligned curriculum based on both student and institutional needs and resource availability in guiding simulation integration was regarded as essential. Educator competency in both the development and delivery of the programme, especially debriefing methods, is vital for optimising student learning.
Positive feedback regulation of frizzled-7 expression robustly shapes a steep Wnt gradient in Xenopus heart development, together with sFRP1 and heparan sulfate
Authors: Yamamoto Takayoshi , Kambayashi Yuta , Otsuka Yuta , Afouda Boni A , Giuraniuc Claudiu , Michiue Tatsuo , Hoppler Stefan
Published: July 2022

Secreted molecules called morphogens govern tissue patterning in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it is still unclear how reproducible patterning can be achieved with diffusing molecules, especially when that patterning concerns differentiation of thin tissues. Wnt is a morphogen that organizes cardiac development. Wnt6 patterns cardiogenic mesoderm to induce differentiation of a thin tissue, the pericardium, inXenopus. In this study, we revealed that a Wnt receptor,frizzled-7, is expressed in a Wnt-dependent manner. With a combination of experiments and mathematical modeling, this receptor-feedback appears essential to shape a steep gradient of Wnt signaling. In addition, computer simulation revealed that this feedback imparts robustness against variations of Wnt ligand production and allows the system to reach a steady state quickly. We also found that a Wnt antagonist sFRP1, which is expressed on the opposite side of the Wnt source, accumulates on N-acetyl-rich heparan sulfate (HS). N-acetyl-rich HS concentration is high between the sources of Wnt and sFRP1, achieving local inhibition of Wnt signaling via restriction of sFRP1 spreading. These integrated regulatory systems restrict the Wnt signaling range and ensure reproducible patterning of the thin pericardium.
Highlighting the positive aspects of being a PhD student
Authors: Bernery Camille , Lusardi Léo , Marino Clara , Philippe-Lesaffre Martin , Angulo Elena , Bonnaud Elsa , Guéry Loreleï , Manfrini Eléna , Turbelin Anna , Albert Céline , Arbieu Ugo , Courchamp Franck
Published: July 2022

Articles about doing a PhD tend to focus on the difficulties faced by research students. Here we argue that the scientific community should also highlight the positive elements of the PhD experience.
Incipient speciation, high genetic diversity, and ecological divergence in the alligator bark juniper suggest complex demographic changes during the Pleistocene
Authors: Martínez de León Rodrigo , Castellanos-Morales Gabriela , Moreno-Letelier Alejandra
Published: July 2022

The most recent glacial cycles of the Pleistocene affected the distribution, population sizes, and levels of genetic structure of temperate-forest species in the main Mexican mountain systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects these cycles had on the genetic structure and distribution of a dominant species of the “mexical” vegetation across North and Central America. We studied the genetic diversity of Juniperus deppeana, a conifer distributed from the Southwestern United States to the highlands of Central America. We combined information of one plastid marker and two nuclear markers to infer phylogeographic structure, genetic diversity and demographic changes. We also characterized the climatic niche for each variety to infer the plausible area of suitability during past climatic conditions and to evaluate climatic niche discontinuities along with the species distribution. We found a marked phylogeographic structure separating the populations North and South of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with populations to the South of this barrier forming a distinct genetic cluster corresponding to Juniperus deppeana var. gamboana. We also found signals of population expansion in the Northern genetic cluster. Ecological niche modeling results confirmed climatic niche differences and discontinuities among J. deppeana varieties and heterogeneous responses to climatic oscillations. Overall, J. deppeana’s genetic diversity has been marked by distribution shifts, population growth and secondary contact the North, and in situ permanence in the South since the last interglacial to the present. High genetic variation suggests a wide and climatically diverse distribution during climatic oscillations. We detected the existence of two main genetic clusters, supporting previous proposals that Juniperus deppeana and Juniperus gamboana may be considered two separate species.
Slower maximal walking speed is associated with poorer global cognitive function among older adults residing in China
Authors: Jiang Guiping , Wu Xueping
Published: July 2022

Background

Maintaining both walking speed and cognitive function is essential for active, healthy aging. This study investigated age-related differences in walking speed and global cognitive function with aging and the association between them among older adults residing in the developing country of China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study measured usual (UWS) and maximal walking speed (MWS) of participants for six meters. The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate global cognition through in-person interviews. Analyses of variance were used to compare the differences in UWS, MWS, and global cognition between genders and age groups. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between walking speed and global cognitive function.

Results

In total, 791 Chinese adults (252 men and 539 women) aged 60–89 years were included in this study. Markedly slowed UWS and worse global cognitive function scores were observed for both genders among adults ≥80 years of age. MWS slowed considerably in men ≥85 years of age and in women ≥80 years of age. There was a significant gender difference in MWS—with men walking faster than women—but not in UWS. Linear regression analysis adjusted for the confounding factors of gender, height, weight, years of education, and chronic disease indicated that MWS, but not UWS, was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β = 0.086, [0.177, 1.657], P = 0.015) such that slower maximal walking speed was associated with poorer cognitive performance. This association was statistically significant only for adults aged 75-79 years (β = 0.261 [0.647, 4.592], P = 0.010).

Conclusion

Walking speed was slower in the older age groups. Global cognitive function deteriorated markedly after 80 years of age. After controlling for confounding variables, slower MWS, but not UWS, was associated with poorer global cognitive function. MWS may serve as a potential indicator for earlier identification of poor cognition and motoric cognitive risk syndrome in an older Chinese population.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Subsequent Wheezing in Childhood Asthma- A Cohort Study
Authors: Mittal Akansha , Ali Mohd Kashif , Khan Haris M
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Prevalence of asthma in children <18 years is approximately 7-8%. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has also been found to be an important trigger of asthma. Many studies have shown the association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with acute exacerbation of asthma in adults. But the data is limited to determine the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in causing subsequent wheezing in children with asthma. Aim: To study the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in causing subsequent wheezing episodes in asthma in children between 1-14 years of age. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted from October 2019 to October 2021 at the Paediatric Division of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Consecutively 60 patients with bronchial asthma aged between 1 to 14 years were included during the first year of study period. The diagnosis of bronchial asthma was as per Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Venous sample was tested for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody with Calbiotech Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical follow-up for subsequent wheeze was done at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months starting after 2 weeks of being declared symptom free. All data were recorded and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Out of 60 patients, males comprised of 46 (76.67%) and females 14 (23.33%) with the mean age 5.56±4.21 years. Family history of wheeze was also taken and found to be 38.33% among asthamatics (23/60). Among asthmatics, 23 cases (38.33%) were IgM positive. Episodes of subsequent wheeze were present in all the patients with a mean of 4.5±2.7 episodes in one year. On subgroup analysis, mean wheezing episodes were documented as 5.43±3.00 in IgM positive group which was statistically higher than IgM negative group in which mean wheezing episodes were 3.92±2.42 (p-value=0.036). Conclusion: Subsequent wheeze was observed in all patients with asthma. The mean wheezing episodes were statistically more in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected asthmatics in comparison to non Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected asthmatics.
Influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis Ethanolic Extract on the Electrolytes of Swiss Mice Administered Aspartame
Authors: Wekhe-Emenike Aruchi, , Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi , Orlu Eme Efioanwan
Published: July 2022

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the influence of Sacoglottis gabonensis ethanolic extract on the electrolytes of swiss mice administered aspartame.

Location and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the green house of the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria (Coordinates 4o48’14”N 6o59’12”E). The experiment lasted for Ninety days.

Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design employing relevant statistical tools for analysis and interpretation.

Methodology: Ninety mice were assigned to six groups (A-F) of fifteen mice each. Group A was the negative control and so they were not given any treatment, but pellet and clean tap water. Group B was the positive control and received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame alone. Group C received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis leaf. Group D received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic extract of S. gabonensis bark. Group E received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. Group F received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 500mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. All the groups were exposed to their treatment by oral gavage for 30, 60 and 90days. Feed was withdrawn from the animals 24hours before the termination of experiment. Analysis of serum for electrolytes concentrations followed approved standard procedures.

Results: There was a significant increase in potassium and chloride level across experimental duration compared with the control group. There was significant increase in sodium level in group B across the duration of experiment with the lowest value recorded in group D 30 days. The level of bicarbonate decreased in groups B and C at 30 days, D and F at 60 days and increased in B and C at 90 days. Calcium level increased significantly across experimental duration with the lowest value observed in group F.

Conclusion: This study recorded alterations in the electrolyte concentrations in the serum of experimental mice especially group administered aspartame alone compared to the control group. However, these alterations reported in the level of electrolytes may lead to metabolic disorder in individuals exposed to frequent and high intake of aspartame. Therefore, moderate consumption of aspartame is advocated while the consumption of S. gabonensis is highly recommended.
Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable: A Case Study in PT. XYZ
Authors: Anggreani Tuti Fitri , Chaerudin .
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of career development, work discipline, work motivation on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at PT. XYZ. The population in this study were all employees at PT. XYZ, totaling 74 people. Sampling with saturated sampling method. Data processing using SPSS version 28 software. The data used are primary data and the data analysis method used is multiple linear regression test with normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, coefficient of determination test, F test and t test. The results showed that career development, work discipline, work motivation and job satisfaction together have a significant influence on employee performance. Likewise with career development, work discipline, work motivation together have a significant influence on job satisfaction. While partially shows that the career development variable has no significant effect on employee performance, the work discipline variable has a significant effect on employee performance, the work motivation variable has no significant effect on employee performance, the career development variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction, the work discipline variable has no significant effect on job satisfaction, work motivation variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction variable has no significant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction variable intervenes career development has a significant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction variable intervenes work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction variable intervenes work motivation has no significant effect on employee performance.
Phenotypic Screening of Chilli Genotypes Collected from Different Regions
Authors: Tiwari S. , S. Bhan Kanchan , Shukla R. S.
Published: July 2022

The experiment was performed at Maharajpur Farm under the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.) during the Kharif season 2019-2022 and planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The characterization of thirty genotype for thirty-five qualitative traits articulated no variability for trait i.e., the monomorphic trait was non-enveloping fruit calyx cover, two descriptors were found to be moderately diverse, which were with medium fruit intensity of the red colour (at the mature unripe stage) and the narrow triangular shape of fruit with the Shannon-Weaver diversity index H'=0.46 & H'=0.50, both of these are fruit related traits. The descriptor intensity of pubescence (hairiness) of the stem had the highest diversity index of 1.82. The studies highlighted some of the genotypes with the distinctness, MPKC-1(Katni collection) addressed unique features with green with purple tinge leaf colour, purple petal colour, upright fruit orientation, absence of fruit curvature, purple fruit colour at ripening maturity, ovate leaf and erect plant habit, depicting it like a wild relative of capsicum and could be utilized as the morphological descriptor.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Maize Cob Based Nanocellulose
Authors: Cheran E. , Rahale C. Sharmila , Lakshmanan A. , Subramanian P. , Raja K. , Divyabharathi P.
Published: July 2022

Nanocellulose is a renewable nanomaterial that has received a lot of attention due to its use in a variety of applications from the biomedical field to food packaging. In this study, Nano cellulose (NC) was extracted from Maize cob, using the Acid hydrolysis process. The extracted NC was characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) for particle size, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for functional groups, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for getting the morphology of NC and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity analysis. The result showed that, the synthesized NC with a particle size of 213.5nm and zeta potential of -34.5mV. The FT-IR analysis showed that the functional groups stretched at C-O, C=O, and S=O with a wavenumber of 1216cm-1, and 1737cm-1,1365cm-1 in NC. XRD analysis shows a peak around 2θ = 15.80, 22.03, 26.69, 40.44 which shows the structure of cellulose. SEM and TEM images of the extraction process of NC show the morphological and structural information of cellulose and Nanocellulose.
New Paradigm in Explaining Dry Socket: Case Studies
Authors: Khalil Wael
Published: July 2022

Dry socket is considered as the most common complication following tooth extraction. It is mainly manifested by severe irradiating pain that starts 2 to 4 days after dental extraction with a denuded socket. Although many risk factors are associated with it, no clear and direct cause has been described to explain its etiopathogenesis. Here, we suggest a new pathogenesis and a new management of  dry Socket based on new microbiological findings from 3 clinical cases.

We present a series of 3 Dry Socket cases from which alveolar swabs have been taken for microbial exploration. Materials from the 3 cases were subjected to bacterial culture and susceptibility testing.

Microbiological results showed the presence of Pseudomonas aeroginosa in all samples. Furthermore, the antibiogram showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. These results suggest a new approach in preventing and treating Dry Socket based on an infectious process.
Livelihood Diversification and Cocoa Farmers’ Wellbeing in Rural Cameroon; an Empirical Analysis
Authors: Ngong Joseph Tosam , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon
Published: July 2022

Cocoa farming is a key livelihood strategy for farmers in rural Cameroon, as studies have significantly revealed its contribution to the wellbeing of rural dwellers. Yet, the wellbeing outcomes of livelihood diversification for cocoa remains relatively less understood. This study analyzes the effects of livelihood diversification on the wellbeing of cocoa farmers in rural Cameroon using household data (N = 430) from six cocoa producing divisions in the South West Region. With the use of the Path Regression and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the study identified; access to credit, government assistance, temperature and rainfall, the use of chemical spray and fertilizers, and support from Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) as welfare determinants. Climate variability (temperature and rainfall) has a significant negative effect on cocoa production, while the use of fertilizers and chemical spray has a positive effect on cocoa production and thus household income (welfare). The study revealed that diversification has a positive effect on cocoa production and a negative effect on household income. The study therefore recommends the initiation of a policy that will enable the establishment of a “risk management scheme” (insurance scheme) for cocoa farmers which would include the following: Production Insurance, which compensates cocoa farmers for lower yield due to adverse climate, wildlife, pest infestation or disease and other disasters; Agristability, which will compensate cocoa farmers for significant drops in their prices and farm income.
Synthesize and Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nanostructure for Oxidizing Gas Sensor Application
Authors: Kareem Mais Talib , Hamdan Suhad A.
Published: July 2022

The films were synthesized made on a seeded layer using the hydrothermal technique. The impact of pH on ceria's characterization was explored, two samples synthesis ceria acidic (pH=4) and ceria basic (pH=10). The XRD, AFM, FE-SEM,UV-visible, The DC conductivity and gas sensing properties of the thin films prepared were explored. The films were polycrystalline, with crystallite sizes of (10.4-43) nm for ceria basic and(20.90-44.263) nmfor ceria acidic, and an FCC structure,that according XRD analysis. Ceria (CeO2) nanostructures were evaluated as their gas sensing characteristics,around (123.1563%) at T=473°K when exposed to the oxidizing gas NO2 with (3.291) sec and (34.019) sec for both rise and fall times respectively.
High‐Performance Electrothermal Film Based on Laser‐Induced Graphene
Authors: Yang Fei , Yu Chen , Zhang Li , Zhang Yan , Wei Bin , Liu Johan , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2022

Herein, flexible and robust heaters are proposed based on laser‐induced graphene (LIG) fabricated photothermally on polyimide (PI) substrates. The heaters are precisely defined by a computer numerical control (CNC) platform‐driven laser diode with a one‐step process. The electrothermal performance of the heaters can be adjusted by tuning the laser driving speed in a certain range under a given input power. The fabricated heater shows a high saturation temperature (270 °C), the fast response time (10 s), and satisfactory convective heat‐transfer coefficient (42 W m−2 °C−1). Simultaneously, the developed heaters demonstrate excellent flexibility, robust adhesion, and good long‐time stability. The experimental results pave the way for high‐performance, environmentally friendly, robust, and flexible heaters.
3D Printing of Soft Magnetoactive Devices with Thiol‐Click Photopolymer Composites
Authors: Rossegger Elisabeth , Höller Rita , Hrbinič Katja , Sangermano Marco , Griesser Thomas , Schlögl Sandra
Published: July 2022

Magnetoresponsive polymers have gained increased attention in the design of soft actuators as they can be spatially as well as temporally activated and enable an external noninvasive control of movement. By introducing the magnetoresponsive properties in photocurable resins, one can fabricate personalized and complex structures (via vat photopolymerization 3D printing), whose movement can be conveniently controlled by an external magnetic field. Advancing from acrylate‐based photopolymers, which often suffer from shrinkage stress, low monomer conversion, and oxygen inhibition, the fabrication of magnetoresponsive thiol‐click photopolymers containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic fillers is highlighted. The addition of the thiol crosslinker yields soft and flexible polymer composites, whose cure kinetics, viscosity, thermal, and mechanical properties are studied as a function of the thiol and filler content. Although cure rate and final monomer conversion decrease with rising filler concentration, the cure kinetics is reasonably fast at 6 wt%. The short pot life, a result of thiol‐Michael reactions induced by Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and a high thiol content, are overcome by the addition of an appropriate stabilizer. As proof of concept, 3D structures are fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and their magnetically driven movement is demonstrated.
Flexible Copper Metal Circuits via Desktop Laser Printed Masks
Authors: Ghosh Rashmi , Liu Xiaoya , Yates Matthew Z.
Published: July 2022

A novel process is demonstrated that produces patterns of electrically conductive copper on a flexible polyimide film substrate using standard desktop laser printed toner and near room temperature aqueous chemistry. The laser toner acts as a mask to selectively block the ion exchange self‐metallization (IESM) reduction reaction that forms nanoscale silver or palladium coatings at the polyimide surface. The silver or palladium IESM coating is then used as a catalyst for electroless deposition of copper. Under appropriate conditions, the copper is deposited selectively on top of the catalyst layer. The resulting copper layer has a measured sheet resistance as low as 0.3 Ohms/sq. Electrical isolation is measured between copper traces spaced as close as 300 microns, and high conductivity is measured along traces with widths as low as 200 microns. The minimum pattern size appears to be limited primarily by the resolution of the laser toner pattern, as the IESM metal layer is observed to follow the contours of individual toner particles. The process avoids the use of high temperature, vacuum, and organic solvents and is thus suitable for very low cost prototyping or distributed manufacturing of simple electronic devices.
Progress in Color Conversion Technology for Micro‐LED
Authors: Ma Teng , Chen Jun , Chen Ziyi , Liang Lumeng , Hu Jinning , Shen Weili , Li Zhenhua , Zeng Haibo
Published: July 2022

With the continuous improvement of display demand in scientific research and the market, Micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) has emerged as a new generation of display technology. With its excellent performance in color, resolution, life, and energy consumption, Micro‐LED has shined brilliantly in the display market in recent years. This review introduces the methods for realizing Micro‐LED full‐color display through color conversion methods from the perspective of existing technologies, including the preparation of the Micro‐LED chip, the research process from the early passive matrix driving method to the active matrix driving method, and the preparation method of the color conversion layer by inkjet printing, photolithography, and nanoimprinting. The current research achievements and challenges encountered in Micro‐LED are systematically described. It is intended to provide readers and researchers with some inductive research materials and improvement ideas, and further promote the development of Micro‐LED.
Raman Spectroscopy of Few‐Layers TaS2 and Mo‐Doped TaS2 with Enhanced Superconductivity
Authors: Valencia‐Ibáñez Santiago , Jiménez‐Guerrero Diana , Salcedo‐Pimienta Jose D. , Vega‐Bustos Karen , Cárdenas‐Chirivi Gabriel , López‐Manrique Laura , Herrera‐Vasco Edwin , Galvis Jose A. , Hernández Yenny , Giraldo‐Gallo Paula
Published: July 2022

The use of simple, fast, and economic experimental tools to characterize low‐dimensional materials is an important step in the process of democratizing their use. Raman spectroscopy has arisen as a way of indirectly determining the thickness of nanolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), avoiding the use of more expensive tools such as atomic force microscopy, and it is therefore a widely used technique in the study of semiconducting TMDs. However, the study of many metallic TMDs in the limit of few atomic layers is still behind when compared to their semiconducting counterparts, partly due to the lack of similar alternative characterization studies. In this work the characterization of the Raman spectrum, specifically of the E‐ and A1g‐modes, of mechanically exfoliated Ta1−xMoxS2, a metallic TMD which exhibits charge density wave (CDW) formation and superconductivity, is presented. The clear identification of contributions coming from the SiO2/Si substrate allowed the isolation of the individual E‐ and A1g‐modes of the samples and, for the first time, the observation of a clear evolution of their Raman shifts as a function of sample thickness. This provides a way of indirectly determining sample thickness in the limit of few atomic layers in Ta1−xMoxS2.
Carbon/Lithium Composite Anode for Advanced Lithium Metal Batteries: Design, Progress, In Situ Characterization, and Perspectives
Authors: Lyu Taiyu , Luo Fenqiang , Wang Dechao , Bu Lingzheng , Tao Lei , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: July 2022

The lithium metal anode is a competitive candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries for its low redox potential and ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity. Nevertheless, obstacles regarding heterogeneous lithium deposition, dendrite growth, and poor Coulombic efficiency limit its practical application. Among rational electrode designs, carbon materials have been regarded as feasible hosts for stabilizing lithium to address the above issues due to their light weight, high conductivity, and adjustable physicochemical properties. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to design stereoscopic carbon materials with multitudinous lithiophilic sites and large specific surface areas to facilitate rapid lithium‐ion flux, nucleation and mitigate lithium dendrite formation by controlling the kinetics of lithium deposition. Furthermore, the mechanism of lithium plating/stripping is commendably elucidated with the help of advanced in situ characterization techniques. This progress report systematically reviews progress in carbon materials/lithium composite anodes for lithium metal batteries and the detailed parts are as follows: 1) carbon/lithium composite methods; 2) design lithiophilic mechanism; 3) various carbon materials substrates; 4) advanced in situ characterization techniques for lithium metal anodes; and 5) prospects toward the practical applications of advanced lithium metal batteries. This review provides new insights into lithium metal batteries’ technological development and practical application.
Working hours, sleep, and fatigue in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector: A scoping review
Authors: Elliott K. C. , Lincoln Jennifer M. , Flynn Michael A. , Levin Jeffrey L. , Smidt Mathew , Dzugan Jerry , Ramos Athena K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry (AgFF) workers often work extremely long hours during peak production seasons, resulting in sleep deprivation and fatigue. The National Occupational Research Agenda has classified fatigue as a “significant safety issue” and area of concern for many industry sectors, including AgFF. This review explores current research and practice in AgFF and proposes next steps.

Methods

We conducted a scoping literature review to examine the extent and nature of research in this area. Article inclusion criteria included peer‐reviewed journal articles written in English; published after 1989; covering AgFF workers in high‐income countries; with data on working hours/schedules and sleep related to safety and health.

Results

Limited research has addressed long hours and sleep deprivation among AgFF workers. We identified 8350 articles for title and abstract review. Among those, 407 underwent full‐text review and 96 met all inclusion criteria (67% agriculture, 25% fishing/seafood processing, 8% forestry). The literature provided some evidence fatigue contributes to fatalities, injuries, and illnesses in AgFF. Older, new, young, foreign‐born, and female workers, as well as those who work in small organizations or longer hours (40+) may be at higher risk for fatigue‐related injury and illness. Few studies have developed or evaluated interventions to control risks.

Discussion

Given that fatigue is a factor in injury and illness for this sector, future AgFF surveillance and research should increase efforts to capture fatigue and sleep data, directly investigate the role of long hours and nonstandard work schedules in the sector, and most importantly, create practical interventions to manage fatigue.
Tandem Reaction of 4‐Halo‐1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Alkynes towards 4‐Vinyl‐3(2H)‐Furanones and 3(2H)‐Furanone fused 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Omanakuttan Vishnu K. , Santhini P. V. , Shaludheen S. , Varughese Sunil , Hopf Henning , John Jubi
Published: July 2022

A facile synthetic route of 4‐vinyl‐3(2H)‐furanones from the reaction of 4‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and alkynes is reported, a reaction taking place via tandem Michael addition and intramolecular cyclization. The formation of a side‐product (regioisomer) by a stepwise [2+2] cycloaddition between enolate (of the 4‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compound) and activated alkyne followed by a sequential 4π‐ring opening and an intramolecular cyclization has also been noted. Another interesting observation was the formation of 3(2H)‐furanone fused 2‐pyridone from the reaction of 4‐bromo‐3‐oxo‐N‐alkyl(aryl)butanamide with activated alkynes. All reactions were found to be general affording the corresponding substituted/fused 3(2H)‐furanones in satisfactory to good yields.
Synthese von α‐Arylacrylamiden via Lewis Base vermitteltem Aryl/Wasserstoff‐Austausch
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Zhang Haoqi , Fernandes Anthony J. , Fischer Tobias , Mießkes Marianne , Xiao Yi , Maulide Nuno
Published: July 2022

Hierin stellen wir eine neue Methode für die Synthese von α‐Arylacrylamiden vor. Die Reaktion basiert auf der Nutzung polarer S‐zu‐C Arylwanderungen, induziert durch einen Lewis‐basischen Organokatalysator. Im Unterschied zu zuvor publizierten radikalischen Arylwanderungen von Sulfonylacrylamiden, ermöglicht dieser polare Prozess eine darauffolgende Eliminierung, wodurch in Summe ein formaler Aryl/Wasserstoff‐Austausch unter Ausscheidung von SO2 stattfindet. Die vorgestellte Reaktion ist selektiv für elektronenarme aromatische Gruppen, während eine Vielfalt von Substituenten am Stickstoff und an der β‐Position toleriert werden, und erzeugt nützliche Bausteine für Folgereaktionen wie Zykloadditionen und Zyklisierungen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wurde mithilfe quantenchemischer Berechnungen erforscht, die die unerwartete Rolle der Lewis Base in mehreren Schlüsselschritten darlegten.
Thermally StableD2hSymmetric Donor‐π‐Donor Porphyrins as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mai Chi‐Lun , Xiong Qiu , Li Xiong , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Chen Jung‐Yao , Chen Ching‐Chin , Xu Jianbin , Liu Chunming , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Gao Peng
Published: July 2022

A series of newD2hsymmetric porphyrins (MDA4, MTA4, and MDA8) with donor‐π‐donor structures have been synthesized as the hole‐transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novel porphyrin molecules feature aD2hsymmetrically substituted ZnIIporphyrin core and two kinds of donor systems (diarylamine (DAA) and triarylamine (TAA)), which can regulate energy level, increase thermal stability, solubility, and hydrophobicity via long alkoxyl chains. PSC devices based on MDA4 as the HTM showed impressive power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.67 % under AM1.5G solar illumination. Notably, the device was sent for certification, and a PCE of 22.19 % was reported, representing the highest PCE from porphyrin‐based HTMs. Furthermore, the MDA4‐based PSCs showed excellent thermal stability under 60 °C and RH 60 % and preserved 88 % of initial performance after 360 hours. The strategy opens a new avenue for developing efficient and stable porphyrin HTMs for PSCs.
Guidelines in Practice: Surgical Smoke Safety
Authors: Williams Katherine
Published: July 2022

Surgical smoke is the vaporous and gaseous byproduct of the use of heat‐producing devices on tissue. The contents of surgical smoke include harmful chemicals, viable and nonviable material, and viruses. Personnel and patients experience an unpleasant odor when smoke is not evacuated and risk developing symptoms, such as headaches, throat irritation, and dizziness. The recently updated AORN “Guideline for surgical smoke safety” provides perioperative nurses with background information on surgical smoke and ways to mitigate the hazard. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for a smoke‐free environment, smoke evacuation and filtration, respiratory protection, education, policies and procedures, and quality. It also includes scenarios describing specific concerns in two patient care areas. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations to protect personnel and patients from the dangers of surgical smoke.
Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment
Authors: Gbadeyan Oluwatoyin J. , Fagbemi Olajumoke D. , Andrew Jerome , Adali Sarp , Glen Bright , Sithole Bruce
Published: July 2022

This study focused on modeling and optimization of the concentration of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), snail shell nanoparticles (SSN), and glycerol for the development of bioplastic films. The response surface methodology using Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the independent parameters (additives concentrations) on the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of fabricated bioplastic films. A varied ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus with different component loadings was observed, proving the effect of nanoparticles loading effect on the mechanical properties of bioplastic films. The quadratic polynomial model experiment data provided a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.795 for ultimate tensile strength and 0.732 for Young's modulus, evidencing the fitness of the models to pilot the optimization space. The optimum parameters were PVA (7.820%), CNC (1079%), SSN (1241%), and glycerol (2.657%). The ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.2 MPa and 31.2 MPa were obtained for the developed bioplastic film with optimized concentrations of each component. The bioplastic films showed improved thermal stability and degradation. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) imaging revealed a homogeneous dispersion of SSN and CNC in the matrix, which explained the improved properties observed.
Structure–property relationship in film and blow molding type high‐density polyethylene polymers from a slurry‐process industrial plant
Authors: Mansouri Amir Mohammad , Emami Mehrsa , Yousefi Saleh , Chen Changle , Gargari Mahdi Hashemzadeh , Hanifpour Ahad , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh
Published: July 2022

In this study, the microstructural, flow, and mechanical properties of two commercially available high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) samples with different particle sizes were quantified. Specifically, two different blow molding and film grade HDPEs produced by the same catalyst under different conditions were acquired in powder form after dryer section of an industrial plant. They were fractioned according to their particle sizes into six samples: ≤125, 125–200, 200–315, 315–400, 400–500, and ≥ 500 μm. According to sieve analysis, the film grade (D50 = 304 μm) had larger particle sizes related to the counterpart injection sample (D50 = 289 μm). A peak value in density, bulk density, viscosity molecular weight (Mv), melt flow index (MFI), and comonomer content characteristics was found in the particles with the diameter of 125–200 μm in both samples, indicating extremely non‐homogeneity of these HDPE samples. Chemical composition distribution (CCD) of the as received polymers as well as sieved fractions was surveyed via SSA or TREF analyses. The film sample represented lower MFI and density and higher Mv and comonomer content in all fractions, originated from different reactor conditions during the samples synthesis, which translate into improved mechanical properties comparing with the blow molding sample.