bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PDNet: Improved YOLOv5 Nondeformable Disease Detection Network for Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Yang Zhen , Li Lin , Luo Wenting
Published: July 2022

In the daily inspection task of the expressway, accuracy and speed are the two most important indexes to reflect the detection efficiency of nondeformation diseases of asphalt pavement. To achieve model compression, accelerated detection, and accurate identification under multiscale conditions, a lightweight algorithm (PDNet) based on improved YOLOv5 is proposed. The algorithm is improved based on the network structure of YOLOv5, and the improved network structure is called YOLO-W. Firstly, a novel cross-layer weighted cascade aggregation network (W-PAN) is proposed to replace the original YOLOv5 network. Secondly, more economical GhostC3 and ShuffleConv modules are designed to replace C3 and Conv modules in the original network model. In terms of parameter setting, CIoU is selected as the loss function of the model, and the K-Means ++ algorithm is used for anchor box clustering. Before the model training, the confrontation generation network (GAN) and Poisson migration fusion algorithm (Poisson) are used for data enhancement and the negative sample training (NST) method is used to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, Softer-NMS is used to remove the prediction box in the prediction stage. Seven common asphalt pavement disease data sets (FAFU-PD) are constructed at the same time. Compared with the original YOLOv5 algorithm, PDNet improves the scores of FAFU-PD data sets on F1-score by 10 percentage points and FPS by 77.5%.
Efficacy and Safety of Shuganjieyu Capsule Alone or in Combination with Other Antidepressants in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lingning , Fan Yan , He Jiangmen , Liu Heng , Chen Feng , Dan Hongying , Zhao Juan , Zhang Jiao , Wang Tao , Liu Xinru
Published: July 2022

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shuganjieyu capsule alone or in combination with other antidepressants in the treatment of postpartum depression. Methods. Related control and randomized studies till August 1, 2021, were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, CMB, Wan-Fang, and VIP. Outcomes included HAMD reduction from baseline, response rate, and adverse events rate. Review Manager 5.3 was used in the present meta-analysis. Results. 16 studies including 1409 participants were included in the present study. In comparison of single Shuganjieyu capsule versus regular antidepressant, 8, 6, and 4-week HAMD reduction of the Shuganjieyu group were significantly higher (8-week MD: 3.1 (1.54, 4.66),

p
<
0.0001

; 6-week MD: 0.71 (0.10, 1.31),

p
=
0.02

; and 4-week MD: 0.82 (0.34, 1.30),

p
=
0.0008

), response rates were comparable for the two groups (OR: 1.51 (0.87, 2.63),

p
=
0.014

), and the adverse event rate of the Shuganjieyu group was significantly lower (OR: 0.22 (0.15, 0.32),

p
<
0.00001

). In comparison of combination of Shuganjieyu capsule with regular antidepressant versus regular antidepressant alone, the 8, 6, 4, 2, and 1-week HAMD reduction and response rate of combination of Shuganjieyu with the regular antidepressant group were significantly larger (8-week MD: 3.2 (1.34, 5.06),

p
=
0.0007

; 6-week MD: 4.00 (2.72, 5.28),

p
<
0.00001

; 4-week MD: 3.33 (1.94,4.73),

p
<
0.00001

; 2-week MD: 2.69 (1.34, 4.03),

p
<
0.0001

; 1-week MD: 2.27 (0.69, 3.86),

p
=
0.005

; and response rate OR: 4.69 (2.27, 9.68),

p
<
0.0001

) and the adverse event rate was comparable for the two groups (OR: 1.26 (0.73, 2.17),

p
=
0.41

). Conclusion. Compared with regular antidepressants, single Shuganjieyu capsule has similar efficacy and better safety profile; when Shuganjieyu capsule is combined with regular antidepressants, the efficacy is improved significantly without increasing adverse events. Therefore, Shuganjieyu capsule was effective and safe for postpartum, making it worth further investigation and popularization.
Postsurgical Pain and Implant Osseointegration Failure: A Case Control Study
Authors: Shang Yuli , Gao Qiuying , Lengas Tina , Deng Shu
Published: July 2022

Aim. The relationship between postsurgical pain and osseointegration was evaluated and analyzed in this study. Material and method. 27 patients, ranging in age from 35 to 72 years old, 12 males and 15 females, who received dental implants and failed to achieve osseointegration from Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, were analyzed and studied in the following aspects: bone density, initial torque, one- or two-stage surgery, postsurgical pain, postsurgical swelling, and radiographic evidence of osseointegration failure. Result. 5 patients were assessed to be D4 bone density and 7 cases were assessed to be D3 bone density, 2 patients were assessed to be D2 bone density and 13 patients were assessed to be D1 bone density. All cases were documented with clinically acceptable initial torque. Among the 27 cases, 2 of them were one-stage nonsubmerged surgery and 25 cases were two-stage submerged surgery. 25 out of 27 patients reported moderate to severe pain lasting for more than 72 hours. Radiologic examinations failed to offer any indication of poor osseointegration in the 7-day postsurgical follow-up. Conclusion. Moderate to severe postsurgical pain lasting more than 72 hours displays high odd ratio of poor osseointegrate. The radiological examinations alone failed to offer any valuable evidence for the early detection of osseointegration failure in this study.
Application of the Stratified Nursing Mode of the Prediction Model Constructed Based on Case System Data in the Nursing of Patients with Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Shen Jiaping , Mei Xufeng , Sun Xueping
Published: July 2022

Objective. To explore the application of the stratified nursing mode of the prediction model constructed based on case system data in the nursing of patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Methods. A total of 84 patients with ARF confirmed in the hospital were enrolled between February 2020 and February 2022. According to the simple random grouping method, they were divided into an observation group and a control group, 42 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing while the observation group was given stratified nursing of the prediction model constructed based on case system data. All were nursed for 2 months. Results. There was no significant difference in general data such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine (Scr), hemoglobin (Hb), and albumin between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Age >60 years, weight fluctuation >2 kg during dialysis, vascular blockage or infection, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatopathy and stroke, bleeding tendency, and neuromuscular abnormalities were high-risk factors for ARF patients, hypertension, thyroid abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, persistent or repeated blood volume overload, and usage of antihypertensive drugs were moderate-risk factors for ARF patients, and nonpermeability dehydration was a low-risk factor of ARF patients. The scores of nursing satisfaction and treatment compliance in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After 2 months of nursing, scores of SAS, SDS, and SPBS in both the groups were significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

), which were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The stratified nursing mode of the prediction model constructed based on case system data is conducive to timely and targeted nursing, with high patient satisfaction and cooperation, and a better psychological state.
Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Core Fucosylation Modification Modulated EMT and Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Gao Lili , Wang Nan , Jiang Yu , Hu Jinying , Ma Baojie , Wu Taihua
Published: July 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and incurable chronic interstitial lung disease with an unknown etiology. Recent evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the possible factors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a natural active ingredient extracted from the root of the traditional Chinese herb licorice, which has been shown in previous studies to have the effect of alleviating lung injury. In this study, our objective was to investigate whether GA could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by altering EMT, as well as the therapeutic potential of changing core fucosylation (CF) to target EMT-related pathways. First, we verified that GA partially reverses EMT in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung interstitial fibrosis, alleviating pulmonary fibrosis, and implying that GA has antifibrotic potential. Next, we discovered that GA attenuated lung interstitial fibrosis by reducing CF modifications to some extent. Interestingly, we found that GA therapy reduced the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and β-catenin in the EMT pathway and that GA inhibited the modification of TGF-βR and WNT receptor proteins by CF, suggesting that GA may interfere with the EMT process by modulating TGF-βR, WNT core fucosylation modifications to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, these findings indicate that GA could be a potential therapeutic agent for IPF, and further support the idea that targeting CF alterations could be a novel technique for the treatment of diseases involving EMT.
Evaluation of the Oil-Bearing Properties of Shale and Shale Oil Mobility in the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China: A Case Study of Well Maye-1
Authors: He Wenjun , Sun Zhongliang , Qian Menhui , Yang Zhifeng , Li Zhiming , Leng Junying , Wan Min
Published: July 2022

Due to an increasing energy demand and the depletion of conventional oil, there is ever increasing demand for unconventional shale oil and gas resources. As the most hydrocarbon-rich sag in the Junggar Basin, the development prospects for shale oil in the Mahu Sag have become a focus of research. However, so far, there have been few studies of the oil-bearing properties of shale and shale oil mobility in the sag. This paper redresses this using a range of methods, such as pyrolysis and multi-temperature step pyrolysis. The results show that the Fengcheng Formation shales are generally good quality source rocks. The main body of the shale is low mature-mature, and the type of organic matter is mostly Type II kerogen. In the depth intervals at 4616.45~4640.30 m, 4661.25~4695.20 m, 4728.30~4759.80 m, 4787.60~4812.30 m, and 4876.70~4940.25 m, the oil-bearing properties of the shale and shale oil mobility are good, with an average

S

1

of more than 1.5 mg/g, OSI of more than 100 mg/g.TOC-1, a ratio of free/adsorbed oil (

S

1
−
1

+

S

1
−
2

/

S

2
−
1

) of more than 3, and a ratio of free/total oil (

S

1
−
1

+

S

1
−
2

/

S

1
−
1

+

S

1
−
2

+

S

2
−
1

) of more than 80%. The second member (P1f2) and the lower part of the first member (P1f1) of the formation offer the most promising commercial prospects. Shale oil mobility in the formation is greatly affected by the abundance of organic matter. The higher the

TOC

value, the greater the hydrocarbon generation capacity, and the better its adsorption capability in the shale. The Fengcheng Formation shale is mature, and shale oil mobility is good. Impacted by the main reservoir space, the felsic shale in the formation has optimal shale oil mobility, with the shale oil being characterized by self-generation and self-storage, and accumulation in adjacent layers.
The PSL MAC Protocol for Accumulated Data Processing in the Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Ruihong , Li Wuyungerile , Gao Fei , Jiao Taofeng
Published: July 2022

In the energy-harvesting wireless sensor network (EH-WSN), the actual energy-harvesting rate of each node varies due to the difference in node deployment or a sudden change in the environment. Therefore, when a node with a low energy-harvesting rate is used as a relay node, its energy is depleted at an accelerated rate. This reduces connectivity and network life, thus causing data accumulation on the node and the neighboring nodes. This study proposes a medium access control (MAC) protocol to avoid data accumulation in nodes; the proposed algorithm comprises the following: (1) a data transmission mechanism based on probability control for high channel utilization and (2) an accumulation data processing mechanism (power control, same layer transmission, and “layer-down” processing, PSL) to circumvent data accumulation. The simulation results show that PSL improves the network throughput and reduces the packet loss rate, while effectively solving the data accumulation problem.
Hybrid Encryption Method for Health Monitoring Systems Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Malmurugan N. , Nelson S. Christalin , Altuwairiqi Majid , Alyami Hashem , Gangodkar Durgaprasad , Abdul Zahra Musaddak Maher , Asakipaam Simon Atuah
Published: July 2022

Numerous forms of disasters and vandalism can occur in transmission lines, which makes them vulnerable. As a result, the transmission pipes must be protected by a reliable monitoring system. When a wireless sensor network is built from disparate devices that are positioned at varying distances from one another, it can be used to monitor physical and environmental conditions in the surrounding environment. In addition to the built-in sensor on the exterior of a pipeline and sensors positioned to support bridge structures, wireless sensor networks have a range of other applications. Other uses include robotics, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and a variety of other areas of technology. It is feasible to use wireless sensor networks to monitor temperature and pressure, as well as leak detection and transmission line sabotage, among other applications. There are several different sorts of attacks that can be launched against wireless sensor networks. When it comes to information security in wireless sensor networks, cryptographic approaches play a critical role in ensuring the integrity of the data. Different types of cryptographic algorithms are now available for use in order to maintain network security. Specific difficulties must be addressed, though, and these are as follows: To strengthen the power of these algorithms, a unique hybrid encryption approach for monitoring energy transmission lines and increasing the security of wireless sensor networks is created in this study. While wireless sensor networks are being used to monitor transmission pipelines, the proposed hybrid encryption method ensures that data is transferred securely and promptly. The proposed method must follow three cryptographic principles: integrity, secrecy, and authenticity. All of the subtleties and underlying principles of the algorithm are explained in detail so that the algorithm can be put into action immediately after it is introduced.
The Compatibility of Alisma and Atractylodes Affects the Biological Behaviours of VSMCs by Inhibiting the miR-128-5p/p21 Gene
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhou Yang Jie , Shen Ju Lian , Lu Lu , Lv Xin Ru , Lu Tao Tao , Xu Pei Tao , Xue Xie Hua
Published: July 2022

Objective. The compatibility of Alisma and Atractylodes (AA) has been estimated to exhibit antiatherosclerotic effects, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the role of AA in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behaviours and to explore the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods. A scratch wound-healing assay was used to detect the migration of VSMCs, and immunocytochemistry and western blotting for SM22ɑ were used to evaluate phenotypic transformation. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were applied to detect the proliferation of VSMCs. miRNA microarray profiling was performed using Lianchuan biological small RNA sequencing analysis. VSMCs were transfected with the miR-128-5p mimic and inhibitor, and the migration, phenotypic modulation, and proliferation of VSMCs were investigated. The 3′UTR-binding sequence site of miR-128-5p on the p21 gene was predicted and assessed by luciferase assays. Result. AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. miR-128-5p targets the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and p21 genes, which are linked to the behaviours of VSMCs. The miR-128-5p mimic promoted the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and suppressed p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression. The inhibitor increased p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression and repressed the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs. miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. Conclusion. Our research showed that the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs were repressed by AA through inhibiting miR-128-5p by targeting the p21 gene, which may provide an effective option for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Construction and Management Method of University Information Platform Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Si Yamin , Wu Bin
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problems faced in the current management of colleges and universities, this topic integrates data mining technology and traditional statistical analysis technology in the process of College data management, and integrates multisource campus raw data. Take corresponding research models for different research objectives, implement the fine, meticulous, and accurate management concept of colleges and universities for students, build a student information management platform and help the construction of smart campus. The research integrates the school’s multi-business system data, opens up the information channel between information systems, establishes a multisystem data center and realizes the whole life cycle management of College Students’ data, including data collection, cleaning, storage and file recycling, and records the data of important nodes during students’ enrollment, graduation, and departure. Through the analysis of the school’s business management needs and the study of the school’s data characteristics, the data collected from the system information has been effectively distributed, and the data linking process is only used to delete data features based on data features. Under the action of big data technology, the information platform for college students can be constructed, which can provide more efficient, safe, and comprehensive decision support for college students’ management, making all work decisions more scientific. It can be said that the integration of big data will support the management of college students to a new level, which is very important for the modern management of students.
Analysis of the Application Value of Ultrasound Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Technology Combined with Thyroid Autoantibodies and Hormones in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Graves’ Disease
Authors: Xu Yi , Peng Songxia , Qin Li , Sun Dianjing , Geng Jianlin , Liu Qingqing
Published: July 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the application value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) and combined detection of thyroid autoantibodies and hormones in the diagnosis and treatment of Graves’ disease. Methods. A total of 60 patients with Graves’ disease enrolled in our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were included in the experimental group, and 60 healthy patients after a physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. No intervention was performed on the control group, and the experimental group received conventional Graves’ disease treatment. The levels of thyroid autoantibodies and hormones in the two groups before and after the treatment were measured, and the 3D-STI was performed to compare the 3D-STI strain parameters of the research objects. Results. A significantly higher level of thyroid autoantibodies in the experimental group than that in the control group before and after the treatment was found (

P
<
0.001

), with a remarkable decline observed after the treatment (

P
<
0.001

). The positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies in the experimental group before the treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After the treatment, the positive rate of TRAb and TPOAb was higher than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and the positive rate of TPOAb was higher than before the treatment. The two groups showed no significant difference in the positive rate of TGAb (

P
>
0.05

). Significant differences were observed in the thyroid hormone levels between the two groups and also between before and after the treatment (

P
<
0.001

). The experimental group garnered significantly higher 3D-STI strain parameters than the control group before the treatment (

P
<
0.05

); after the treatment, the hyperthyroidism of the patients was relieved with a decreased 3D-STI value, but it was still notably higher than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Remarkably higher positive rates of combined detection before and after the treatment in the experimental group than those in the control group were obtained (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The combined detection of 3D-STI and thyroid autoantibodies and hormones ensures a better detection rate of Graves’ disease and monitors the treatment effect of patients in real time, which provides a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and merits clinical promotion and application.
Construction of Precision Sales Model for Luxury Market Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Li Rong , Xu Xiang , Dong Shuai
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of Internet information technology, the amount of various types of data has surged, and people have entered the era of Big Data. With the changes in the market environment, media environment and consumer behaviors, the marketing method in the mobile Internet era is bound to be an integrated, interactive, and precise marketing method that connects online and offline. In the context of this era, luxury brand marketing improves brand competitiveness by combining new marketing methods. The method used in this paper is machine learning. Many studies have shown that the larger the sample size processed by machine learning, the more accurate the effect of machine learning. Therefore, machine learning will become the core force in Big Data technology. Among them, this paper adopts the decision tree model, which first classifies the data, then uses the induction principle to generate readable decision tree rules and finally analyses and judges the decision data. According to the test results, the arithmetic mean calculation method is used to calculate the operational efficiency of the data flow balance height. The algorithm proposed in this paper is 20% more effective than the traditional algorithm.
Named Entity Recognition of Hazardous Chemical Risk Information Based on Multihead Self-Attention Mechanism and BERT
Authors: Chen Guanlin , Cheng Zhao , Lu Qi , Weng Wenyong , Yang Wujian
Published: July 2022

An approach based on self-attention mechanism and pretrained model BERT is proposed to solve the problems of entity recognition and relationship recognition of hazardous chemical risk information. The text of hazardous chemical risk information is coded at the character level by adding the pretrained language model BERT, which, when paired with a multihead self-attention mechanism, improves the ability to mine global and local aspects of texts. The experimental results show that the model’s F1 value is 94.57 percent, which is significantly higher than that of other standard models.
Breast Cancer Detection on Histopathological Images Using a Composite Dilated Backbone Network
Authors: Mohanakurup Vinodkumar , Parambil Gangadharan Syam Machinathu , Goel Pallavi , Verma Devvret , Alshehri Sameer , Kashyap Ramgopal , Malakhil Baitullah
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is a lethal illness that has a high mortality rate. In treatment, the accuracy of diagnosis is crucial. Machine learning and deep learning may be beneficial to doctors. The proposed backbone network is critical for the present performance of CNN-based detectors. Integrating dilated convolution, ResNet, and Alexnet increases detection performance. The composite dilated backbone network (CDBN) is an innovative method for integrating many identical backbones into a single robust backbone. Hence, CDBN uses the lead backbone feature maps to identify objects. It feeds high-level output features from previous backbones into the next backbone in a stepwise way. We show that most contemporary detectors can easily include CDBN to improve performance achieved mAP improvements ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 percent on the breast cancer histopathological image classification (BreakHis) dataset. Experiments have also shown that instance segmentation may be improved. In the BreakHis dataset, CDBN enhances the baseline detector cascade mask R-CNN (mAP = 53.3). The proposed CDBN detector does not need pretraining. It creates high-level traits by combining low-level elements. This network is made up of several identical backbones that are linked together. The composite dilated backbone considers the linked backbones CDBN.
Educational Behaviour Analysis Using Convolutional Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dong Zhenjiang
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development of online technology, online education has become a trend. To improve the quality of online education, a comprehensive and effective analysis of educational behaviour is necessary. In this paper, we proposed a network model based on the ResNet50 network fused with a bilinear hybrid attention mechanism and proposed an adaptive pooling weight algorithm based on the average pooling algorithm for the problems of image feature extraction caused by traditional pooling algorithm such as mutilation and blurring. At the same time, the hyperparameters of the convolutional neural network model are adaptively adjusted based on the particle swarm algorithm to improve the model recognition accuracy further. Through the experimental validation on NTU-RGB + D and NTU-RGB + D120 data set, the recognition accuracy of this paper is 88.8% for cross-subject (CS), 94.7% for cross-view (CV), 82.8% for cross-subject (CSub) 83.2%, and 84.3% for cross-setup (CSet), respectively. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper is an effective method for educational behaviur recognition.
The Role of AKT in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Review and Insights
Authors: Wang Yu , Ilyas Farhan Z. , Kheradmandi Mahsa , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Grignol Valerie P. , Contreras Carlo , Tsichlis Philip N. , Pollock Raphael E. , Beane Joal D.
Published: July 2022

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a biologically diverse group of mesenchymal tumors that predominantly exhibit a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment and provides the only chance for long-term survival. However, some patients present with locally advanced, unresectable disease, and for those who are able to undergo resection, tumor recurrence occurs in over half of patients. In addition, the efficacy of conventional systemic therapies remains dismal. The serine/threonine kinase AKT pathway is one of the most frequently aberrantly activated signaling pathways that has been verified in many types of human cancer. Dysregulation of the AKT cascade is known to result in tumorigenesis and aggressive clinical behavior for many tumor types, including STS. EGFRs, with its downstream effectors, PI3K and protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR, have been investigated for decades as promising targets for the treatment of STS, but significant challenges remain and the prognosis of patients with advanced STS has not improved in over two decades. In this review, we will first describe the AKT pathway and its role in STS tumor biology and then discuss the current challenges in targeting the AKT pathway to treat patients with advanced sarcoma.
Expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 by Inflamed Mucosa in the Initial Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis as a Response Marker for Conventional Medical Treatment
Authors: Eiro Noemi , Barreiro-Alonso Eva , Fraile Maria , González Luis O. , Altadill Antonio , Vizoso Francisco J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Experimental and clinical data involve matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the impact of MMPs/TIMPs expression by inflamed mucosa on medical response therapy has scarcely been investigated. Methods: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis in inflamed mucosa samples at diagnosis in 82 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; 22 never-treated with corticosteroids, 28 nonresponders, and 32 responders to corticosteroid therapy) and 15 patients with acute diverticulitis (AD). The global expression (score value) of each factor was analyzed by computer-generated image analysis. Results: UC samples showed higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression but lower TIMP-1 expression than the AD samples (p < 0.0001, for all). High MMP-9 and TIMP-1 scores were significantly associated with no need for corticosteroid treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively); whereas higher score in the MMP-7 expression was significantly associated with nonresponse to corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.037). In addition, in this latter UC subgroup, MMP-7 correlated positively with the younger age of the patients and with the extension of the disease (p = 0.030 and p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest the relevance of MMPs and TIMPs for predicting treatment response to both 5-aminosalicylates and corticosteroids in UC.
Implan Koklea
Authors: Tandio Aditya , Indrasworo Dyah
Published: July 2022

Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural diperkirakan sekitar 0,07% sampai dengan 5,2% dan meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan umur. Salah satu modalitas yang dapat diberikan untuk membantu pendengaran adalah implan koklea. Implan koklea berfungsi untuk menghasilkan impuls listrik yang diperlukan untuk memberikan persepsi suara. Suara dari luar ditangkap oleh prosesor untuk dihantarkan ke implan koklea dan diubah menjadi impuls listrik yang akan menstimulasi nervus koklearis. Secara umum implan koklea digunakan untuk pasien dengan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural derajat sangat berat bilateral yang tidak terbantu dengan penggunaan alat bantu dengar lainnya. Implantasi Koklea merupakan prosedur yang relatif aman dengan komplikasi minor yang cukup jarang terjadi. Beberapa komplikasi minor yang sering terjadi adalah gangguan vestibuler dan sisanya paling sering disebabkan karena faktor iatrogenik. Perawatan paska implantasi koklea berperan dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan implan koklea. Hasil implantasi sangat tergantung dari individu, keluarga dan tim multidisipilin untuk mencapai peningkatan fungsi pendengaran dan kualitas hidup. Implan koklea menjadi pilihan alat bantu dengar pada gangguan pendengaran sensorineural. Keberhasilan implan koklea lebih dari sekedar minimnya komplikasi operasi, tetapi memerlukan peran serta tim multidisipilin dan individu serta keluarga penderita.
COVID19: uncovering interindividual variability for tailoring appropriate therapeutic interventions
Authors: Rosa-Freitas Maria Goreti , Muruci-Cruz Carolina , Dale Luiz Fernando , Cruz Luis Eduardo da , Kalil Jorge
Published: July 2022

The severity of SARS-CoV2 infection, Covid19 disease, should account for the diversity of human individual immunoinflammatory responses. Serum immunological markers during Covid19 illness may lead to individualized therapeutics with better outcomes. Efficient treatment for Covid19 may require: 1) early disease detection, 2) combineddrug therapy for 3) targeting the virus replication cycle, and 4) individualized drug treatment for specific immunoinflammatory human profile responses administered in a 5) timely manner. Covid19 is unlikely to be the last emergent human disease with fast pandemic potential. Gathering knowledge on the individual human host profilesof immunoinflammatory responses is an opportunity that could lead us to understand individual differences in response to infection at the individual and population level, paving the way to faster, more efficient strategies to tackle upcoming infectious diseases. This is a position paper based on an integrative non-exhaustive literature revision.
Perfil epidemiológico das enteroparasitoses em pré-escolares e escolares da rede municipal de ensino de Sinop - MT
Authors: Carvalho Laylla Hadassa , Alegranci Pâmela , Andrade Thais dos Santos Alencar de , Correira Neocimar Saraiva , Bonacorsi Cibele , Donofrio Fabiana Cristina
Published: July 2022

Introdução: As enteroparasitoses são causadas por protozoários e helmintos e representam um importante problema de saúde pública. As crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar apresentam maior vulnerabilidade à contaminação por enteroparasitas pelo fato de estarem mais expostas a fatores de risco, tais como hábitos precários de higiene e aglomeração em locais fechados, e por não apresentarem o sistema imunológico totalmente desenvolvido. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitos em crianças pré-escolares e escolares e em caixas de areia de instituições públicas de ensino no município de Sinop-MT. Métodos: O tipo de estudo realizado foi transversal, quantitativo com delineamento experimental. Foi realizado no período de julho de 2015 a setembro de 2016. Foram avaliadas crianças pré-escolares e escolares de 3 a 12 anos escolhidas por amostragem de conveniência de quatro instituições da rede municipal de ensino localizadas na região central de Sinop – MT e sete afastadas do centro da cidade e que atendem novos bairros e a zona rural. As amostras de fezes foram coletadas pelos responsáveis das crianças que encaminharam para as instituições de ensino e, posteriormente, foram transportadas ao laboratório para realização do exame parasitológico. As amostras de areia foram coletadas a partir de caixas das áreas de recreações de todas as instituições de ensino, sendo coletada 100 gramas de areia da raspagem superficial e profunda dos quatro quadrantes e do centro, totalizando 10 amostras/caixa. Os métodos parasitológicos utilizados para análises das amostras de fezes e areia foram Hoffmann, migração ativa, centrífugo-flutuação espontânea por Faust e flutuação espontânea por Willis. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 646 amostras de fezes de crianças pré-escolares e escolares de 3 a 12 anos, apresentando 21,05% de positividade para parasitos intestinais. As 80 amostras de areia das caixas das áreas de recreação infantil avaliadas, apresentaram 100% de positividade para enteroparasitos, sendo G. lamblia mais prevalente, seguida de Toxocara sp, Toxoplasma gondii, A. lumbricoides e Strongyloides stercoralis. Conclusão: A faixa etária mais acometida foi verificada entre as crianças de 6 a 12 anos e pode estar relacionada aos precários hábitos de higiene e assim, maior risco de contaminação. Pode-se concluir que os resultados estão de acordo com a maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos realizados no Brasil, demonstrando elevada prevalência de enteroparasitoses em crianças em idade escolar.
Desempenho no teste do progresso e coeficiente de rendimento final de curso são preditores de aprovação na residência médica?
Authors: Guaraná Carlos Vinícius Pacheco dos Santos , Duque Taciana Barbosa , Lima Tereza Rebecca de Melo e
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O teste do progresso (TP) é uma avaliação longitudinal e com conteúdo de final de curso cujo objetivo é acompanhar o ganho de desempenho dos estudantes e auxiliar na gestão de currículo. O papel preditivo do TP nos processos seletivos ao final do curso de Medicina vem sendo estudado com grande interesse. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do desempenho longitudinal dos estudantes de medicina no TP em um período de seis anos e do coeficiente de rendimento final no curso com a aprovação na seleção para Residência Médica (RM). Método: Estudo longitudinal desenvolvido na Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), onde foram acompanhadas as trajetórias de estudantes de medicina que concluíram o curso nos anos de 2018 e 2019 em relação ao desempenho no TP e coeficiente de rendimento final. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados do registro acadêmico da FPS no sistema Lyceum. As informações sobre a realização e resultado no processo seletivo de RM foram obtidas no site da instituição organizadora. Para análise bivariada foi usado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste exato de Fisher quando aplicado e foi utilizado teste T para comparação de médias. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 293 estudantes respeitando-se os critérios de inclusão/exclusão. A média de idade foi de 26,36 (±3,29) anos e com predomínio do sexo feminino (76%). Observou-se que 96 (33%) estudantes optaram por não ingressar imediatamente ao término do curso em programa de RM, e este comportamento esteve mais associado com a média de idade mais elevada no momento da conclusão do curso (p=0,02). Observou-se associação entre a média do TP e aprovação na RM (p<0,001), não sendo observada essa associação com o coeficiente de rendimento final (p=0,71). Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou associação entre o desempenho no TP ao longo dos seis anos do curso de Medicina e aprovação na prova de RM. Tal associação não foi identificada com o coeficiente de rendimento geral do curso. Destacamos a importância de atribuir motivação à realização do TP com cada vez mais destaque a sua função formativa e primordial no processo de aprendizagem.
Associação entre comprometimento pulmonar, fatores de risco e desfechos em pacientes com covid-19 atendidos em hospital de referência na Paraíba
Authors: Morais Filho Roberto Magliano de , Carvalho Wanessa Alves de , Carvalho Andressa Alves de , Fernandes Amanda de Assunção Santiago , Santos Bianca Ferreira dos , Ferreira André Luís Celestino , Santos Brunna Patrício , Costa Raphael Patrik Borges da , Pereira Juliana Franceschini , Sarmento Petrúcio Abrantes
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o grau de comprometimento pulmonar (CP) na TC de tórax dos pacientes com COVID-19 com fatores de risco e desfechos. Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo com 284 pacientes com COVID-19. Avaliou-se idade, sexo, quadro clínico, saturação na admissão, fatores de risco, tempo de sintomas, porcentagem de CP, tempo de internação em enfermaria, UTI e de IOT, e óbito. Foram divididos três grupos conforme o grau de CP. Resultados: 167 pacientes possuíam comprometimento <25%; 80, 25-50%; e 37, >50%. O grupo com maior comprometimento pulmonar possuía maior idade, mais homens e maior presença de tosse, dispneia e alguma comorbidade. Também apresentou menor saturação à admissão, maior necessidade de IOT, internação em enfermaria ou UTI e maior mortalidade. O CP, IOT e idade foram fatores preditores de mortalidade. Conclusões: O grau de CP aparenta estar significativamente associado a alguns parâmetros clínicos, necessidade de internação, intubação e óbito.
Laicidade do Estado e direito ao aborto: ensaio a partir das experiências contemporâneas nos países ocidentais
Authors: Silva Luis Gustavo Teixeira da
Published: July 2022

Nas últimas duas décadas, o direito ao aborto tem sido objeto de discussão das esferas jurídicas, políticas e sociais de muitos países, na maioria dos casos com o intuito de refletir sobre as normas restritivas de acesso à interrupção da gravidez em suas legislações. Um aspecto em comum nas mobilizações pelo direito ao aborto é a defesa da laicidade do Estado. Nesse sentido, a proposta deste ensaio é analisar, do ponto de vista teórico, o papel da laicidade do Estado nas tensões e disputas pelo direito ao aborto. Para isso, na primeira seção, nos dedicamos a examinar a estruturação das posições em torno da interrupção voluntária da gravidez. Na segunda seção, situamos o desenvolvimento da laicidade do Estado nesta controvérsia.
Olhares Endógenos: experiências do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas (MMC)
Authors: Sobreira Dayane Nascimento
Published: July 2022

O livro “Feminismo Camponês Popular: reflexões a partir de experiências do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas” é uma coletânea que reúne treze capítulos, além de Apresentação e Prefácio. As organizadoras dividem a coautoria de alguns artigos e, assim como as demais autoras, são militantes do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas, o MMC. Os textos refletem debates caros ao Movimento e à sua história a partir de uma linguagem direta, reflexiva, com apoio na práxis do Movimento e, por que não dizer, em sua própria mística – tomando o conceito de mística como a própria experiência, como conceituam Mezadri, Cima, Gaspareto e Pulga no último capítulo.
Embryologic Origin Influences Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Signatures in Murine Marfan Syndrome Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Pedroza Albert J. , Dalal Alex R. , Shad Rohan , Yokoyama Nobu , Nakamura Ken , Cheng Paul , Wirka Robert C. , Mitchel Olivia , Baiocchi Michael , Hiesinger William , Quertermous Thomas , Fischbein Michael P.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Aortic root smooth muscle cells (SMC) develop from both the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest. Disparate responses to disease-causing
Fbn1
variants by these lineages are proposed to promote focal aortic root aneurysm formation in Marfan syndrome (MFS), but lineage-stratified SMC analysis in vivo is lacking.

Methods:

We generated SHF lineage-traced MFS mice and performed integrated multiomic (single-cell RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing) analysis stratified by embryological origin. SMC subtypes were spatially identified via RNA in situ hybridization. Response to
TWIST1
overexpression was determined via lentiviral transduction in human aortic SMCs.

Results:

Lineage stratification enabled nuanced characterization of aortic root cells. We identified heightened SHF-derived SMC heterogeneity including a subset of
Tnnt2
(cardiac troponin T)-expressing cells distinguished by altered proteoglycan expression. MFS aneurysm-associated SMC phenotypic modulation was identified in both SHF-traced and nontraced (neural crest–derived) SMCs; however, transcriptomic responses were distinct between lineages. SHF-derived modulated SMCs overexpressed collagen synthetic genes and small leucine-rich proteoglycans while nontraced SMCs activated chondrogenic genes. These modulated SMCs clustered focally in the aneurysmal aortic root at the region of SHF/neural crest lineage overlap. Integrated RNA-assay for transposase-accessible chromatin analysis identified enriched
Twist1
and
Smad2/3/4
complex binding motifs in SHF-derived modulated SMCs. TWIST1 overexpression promoted collagen and
SLRP
gene expression in vitro, suggesting TWIST1 may drive SHF-enriched collagen synthesis in MFS aneurysm.

Conclusions:

SMCs derived from both SHF and neural crest lineages undergo phenotypic modulation in MFS aneurysm but are defined by subtly distinct transcriptional responses. Enhanced TWIST1 transcription factor activity may contribute to enriched collagen synthetic pathways SHF-derived SMCs in MFS.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Masked Hypertension Among Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bae Sunjae , Samuels Joshua A. , Flynn Joseph T. , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Ng Derek K. ,   for the CKiD Study
Published: July 2022

Background:

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is routinely performed in children with chronic kidney disease to identify masked hypertension, a risk factor for accelerated chronic kidney disease progression. However, ABPM is burdensome, and developing an accurate prediction of masked hypertension may allow using ABPM selectively rather than routinely.

Methods:

To create a prediction model for masked hypertension using clinic blood pressure (BP) and other clinical characteristics, we analyzed 809 ABPM studies with nonhypertensive clinic BP among the participants of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study.

Results:

Masked hypertension was identified in 170 (21.0%) observations. We created prediction models for masked hypertension via gradient boosting, random forests, and logistic regression using 109 candidate predictors and evaluated its performance using bootstrap validation. The models showed
C
statistics from 0.660 (95% CI, 0.595–0.707) to 0.732 (95% CI, 0.695–0.786) and Brier scores from 0.148 (95% CI, 0.141–0.154) to 0.167 (95% CI, 0.152–0.183). Using the possible thresholds identified from this model, we stratified the dataset by clinic systolic/diastolic BP percentiles. The prevalence of masked hypertension was the lowest (4.8%) when clinic systolic/diastolic BP were both <20th percentile, and relatively low (9.0%) with clinic systolic BP<20th and diastolic BP<80th percentiles. Above these thresholds, the prevalence was higher with no discernable pattern.

Conclusions:

ABPM could be used selectively in those with low clinic BP, for example, systolic BP<20th and diastolic BP<80th percentiles, although careful assessment is warranted as masked hypertension was not completely absent even in this subgroup. Above these clinic BP levels, routine ABPM remains recommended.
Substance Use and Performance of Toxicology Screens in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Cummings Olivia W. , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe , Khoury Jane C. , Alwell Kathleen , Woo Daniel , Ferioli Simona , Martini Sharyl , Adeoye Opeolu , Khatri Pooja , Flaherty Matthew L. , Mackey Jason , Mistry Eva A. , Demel Stacie L. , Coleman Elisheva , Jasne Adam S. , Slavin Sabreena J. , Walsh Kyle , Star Michael , Broderick Joseph P. , Kissela Brett M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Though stroke risk factors such as substance use may vary with age, less is known about trends in substance use over time or about performance of toxicology screens in young adults with stroke.

Methods:

Using the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study, a population-based study in a 5-county region comprising 1.3 million people, we reported the frequency of documented substance use (cocaine/marijuana/opiates/other) obtained from electronic medical record review, overall and by race/gender subgroups among physician-adjudicated stroke events (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in adults 20 to 54 years of age. Secondary analyses included heavy alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Data were reported for 5 one-year periods spanning 22 years (1993/1994–2015), and trends over time were tested. For 2015, to evaluate factors associated with performance of toxicology screens, multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results:

Overall, 2152 strokes were included: 74.5% were ischemic, mean age was 45.7±7.6, 50.0% were women, and 35.9% were Black. Substance use was documented in 4.4%, 10.4%, 19.2%, 24.0%, and 28.8% of cases in 1993/1994, 1999, 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively (
P
trend
<0.001). Between 1993/1994 and 2015, documented substance use increased in all demographic subgroups. Adjusting for gender, comorbidities, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, predictors of toxicology screens included Black race (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.02–2.45]), younger age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.53–0.91], per 10 years), current smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.06–2.46]), and treatment at an academic hospital (adjusted odds ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.14–2.84]). After adding chart-reported substance use to the model, only chart-reported substance abuse and age were significant.

Conclusions:

In a population-based study of young adults with stroke, documented substance use increased over time, and documentation of substance use was higher among Black compared with White individuals. Further work is needed to confirm race-based disparities and trends in substance use given the potential for bias in screening and documentation. Findings suggest a need for more standardized toxicology screening.