bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy of social cognition between bipolar disorders and major depressive disorders
Authors: Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Yu Chu‐Ling , Huang Chih‐Chun , Wang Tzu‐Yun , Dziobek Isabel , Lane Hsien‐Yuan
Published: January 2024

Background

The research landscape examining social cognition (SC) impairment in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BD) is notably scarce. Presently, assessments predominantly rely on static stimuli and self‐reported measures, which may not capture the dynamic dimensions of social cognition.

Objectives

This study aimed to validate the Chinese version of Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC‐CH) and to investigate whether MDD and BD exhibit distinct patterns of SC impairments, shedding light on potential differences between these two mood disorders.

Methods

The study encompassed 197 participants, aged 18–65, distributed as follows: 21 BD, 20 MDD, and 156 healthy controls (HC). We focused on examining “cognitive” and “emotional” SC scores and “undermentalizing” and “overmentalizing” error patterns, with nonsocial inference as a control. Additional assessments included the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). We also explored the association between depression severity (measured by the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale, HDRS) and distinct SC dimensions between MDD and BD.

Results

The MASC‐CH exhibited strong validity and reliability for SC assessment. In group comparisons, BD participants scored significantly lower on MASC‐CH, while the MDD group scores were not significantly different from HC. Specifically, BD individuals had notably lower cognitive SC scores and made more undermentalizing and absence of mentalizing errors than MDD and HC. Additionally, a negative correlation between HDRS score and overmentalizing was observed in BD, not in the MDD.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that depression severity scores in BD were inversely related to MASC‐CH scores. In contrast, this relationship was not observed in the MDD group. These results underscore the importance of SC impairments as distinguishing characteristics of both BD and MDD. It provides valuable insights into the distinct social‐cognitive profiles of both mood disorders.
Preparation, Optimization and In vitro Evaluation of Doxorubicin‐loaded into Hyaluronic Acid Coated Niosomes Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Faddah Haya , Nsairat Hamdi , Shalan Naeem M. , El‐Tanani Mohamed , Alqudah Dana A. , Alshaer Walhan
Published: January 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used against solid tumors. Niosomes are self‐assembled nanocarriers of non‐ionic surfactants. DOX loaded into cationic niosomes (DOX−Nio) was prepared via thin film hydration method. DOX−Nio was then decorated with a hyaluronic acid (DOX−HA−Nio) via electrostatic interaction. DOX−Nio and DOX−HA−Nio displayed a particle size of 120.0±1.02 and 182.9±2.3 nm, and charge of + 35.5±0.15 and −15.6±0.25 mV, respectively, with PDI < 0.3. DOX−HA−Nio showed a good stability regarding size and charge over 4 weeks at 4 °C and maintain their integrity after lyophilization. HPLC results showed a 94.1±4.2 % encapsulation efficiency of DOX with good entrapment and slow, prolonged DOX release even after 48 hrs. Cell viability assay showed an IC50 of 14.26 nM for the DOX−HA−Nio against MCF‐7 cell line with micromolar IC50 results against CD‐44 negative cell lines (NIH/3T3). DOX−HA−Nio was proven to be an effective, targeted nanocarrier for DOX against MCF‐7 cell line.
Auranofin sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel mediated cell death via regulating FOXO3/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway
Authors: Deepika N. , Rajendra Prasad N. , Radhiga T.
Published: January 2024

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional factor which acts as a regulator for cellular oxidative stress, and tightly regulated by Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1). In this study, we found that auranofin and paclitaxel combination treatment increased TUNEL positive apoptotic cells and enhanced the DNA damage marker γ‐H2AX in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. The immunoblotting analysis revealed the combination of auranofin and paclitaxel significantly increased the FOXO3 expression in a concentration dependent manner. Further we observed that auranofin and paclitaxel treatment prevents the translocation of Nrf2 in a concentration dependent manner. The increased FOXO3 expression might be involved in the cytoplasmic degradation of Nrf1‐Keap1 complex. Further, the molecular docking results confirm auranofin act as the agonist for Foxo3. Therefore, the present results suggest that auranofin sensitize the breast cancer cells to paclitaxel via regulating FOXO3/Nrf2/Keap1signaling pathway.
Direct Band Gap Semiconductors with Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Triel‐Phosphide Frameworks (Triel=Al, Ga, In)
Authors: Restle Tassilo M. F. , Zeitz Sabine , Stanley Philip M. , Karttunen Antti J. , Meyer Jan , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2024

Recently, several ternary phosphidotrielates and ‐tetrelates have been investigated with respect to their very good ionic conductivity, while less focus was pointed towards their electronic structures. Here, we report on a novel series of compounds, in which several members possess direct band gaps. We investigated the known compounds Li3AlP2, Li3GaP2, Li3InP2, and Na3InP2 and describe the synthesis and the crystal structure of novel Na3In2P3. For all mentioned phosphidotrielates reflectance UV‐Vis measurements reveal direct band gaps in the visible light region with decreasing band gaps in the series: Li3AlP2 (2.45 eV), Li3GaP2 (2.18 eV), Li3InP2 (1.99 eV), Na3InP2 (1.37 eV), and Na3In2P3 (1.27 eV). All direct band gaps are confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The unexpected property occurs despite different structure types. As a common feature all compounds contain EP4 tetrahedra, which share exclusively vertices for E=In and vertices as well as edges for E=Al and Ga. The structure of the novel Na3In2P3 is built up by a polyanionic framework of six‐membered rings of corner‐sharing InP4 tetrahedra. As a result, the newly designed semiconductors with direct band gaps are suitable for optoelectronic applications, and they can provide significant guidance for the design of new functional semiconductors.
Postradical prostatectomy prostate‐specific antigen outcomes after 6 versus 18 months of perioperative androgen‐deprivation therapy in men with localized, unfavorable intermediate‐risk or high‐risk prostate cancer: Results of part 2 of a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Xie Wanling , Yang Xiaoyu , Acosta Andres , Rathkopf Dana , Laudone Vincent P. , Bubley Glenn J. , Einstein David J. , Chang Peter , Wagner Andrew A. , Kane Christopher J. , Preston Mark A. , Kilbridge Kerry , Chang Steven L. , Choudhury Atish D. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Kibel Adam S. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with localized, unfavorable intermediate–risk and high‐risk prostate cancer have an increased risk of relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP). The authors previously reported on part 1 of this phase 2 trial testing neoadjuvant apalutamide, abiraterone, prednisone, plus leuprolide (AAPL) or abiraterone, prednisone, and leuprolide (APL) for 6 months followed by RP. The results demonstrated favorable pathologic responses (tumor <5 mm) in 20.3% of patients (n = 24 of 118). Herein, the authors report the results of part 2.

Methods

For part 2, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either AAPL for 12 months (arm 2A) or observation (arm 2B), stratified by neoadjuvant therapy and pathologic tumor classification. The primary end point was 3‐year biochemical progression‐free survival. Secondary end points included safety and testosterone recovery (>200 ng/dL).

Results

Overall, 82 of 118 patients (69%) enrolled in part 1 were randomized to part 2. A higher proportion of patients who were not randomized to adjuvant therapy had a favorable prostatectomy pathologic response (32.3% in nonrandomized patients compared with 17.1% in randomized patients). In the intent‐to‐treat analysis, the 3‐year biochemical progression‐free survival rate was 81% for arm 2A and 72% for arm 2B (hazard ratio, 0.81; 90% confidence interval, 0.43–1.49). Of the randomized patients, 81% had testosterone recovery in the AAPL group compared with 95% in the observation group, with a median time to recovery of <12 months in both arms.

Conclusions

In this study, because 30% of patients declined adjuvant treatment, part B was underpowered to detect differences between arms. Future perioperative studies should be biomarker‐directed and include strategies for investigator and patient engagement to ensure compliance with protocol procedures.
Fostering resilience in adolescence and young adulthood: Considerations for evidence‐based, patient‐centered oncology care
Authors: Salsman John M. , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: January 2024

Adolescence and young adulthood are times of growth and change. For adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who are diagnosed with cancer, the demands of illness may compound normal developmental challenges and adversely affect physical, emotional, and social health. Nevertheless, AYAs have a tremendous capacity for psychosocial adaptation and resilience. Informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, observational studies in AYA oncology suggest consistent individual, social, and existential resources that may promote resilience. To date, few interventions have been designed to examine whether resilience can be taught and whether doing so affects patient‐centered outcomes. Findings point to the potential value of multicomponent programs that include various skills‐building strategies, such as stress management, mindfulness, gratitude, and positive reappraisal coping, among others. New research directions include the need to evaluate delivery strategies to enhance participant adherence and retention (e.g., eHealth modalities, optimization studies) and to examine program effectiveness in community‐based oncology practices (e.g., less resource‐rich settings in which most AYAs receive care). Ultimately, this scholarship may inform, refine, and strengthen intervention science in resilience more broadly.
Neutrophil‐plasmacytoid dendritic cell interaction leads to production of type I IFN in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Angela M. , Laurent Paôline , Nathan Carl F. , Barrat Franck J.
Published: January 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can cause a latent infection that sometimes progresses to clinically active tuberculosis (TB). Type I interferons (IFN‐I) have been implicated in initiating the progression from latency to active TB, in part because IFN‐I stimulated genes are the earliest genes to be upregulated in patients as they advance to active TB. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of IFN‐I during viral infections and in response to autoimmune‐induced neutrophil extracellular traps. pDCs have also been suggested to be the major producers of IFN‐I during Mtb infection of mice and nonhuman primates, but direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we found that Mtb did not stimulate isolated human pDCs to produce IFN‐I, but human neutrophils infected with Mtb‐activated co‐cultured pDCs to do so. Mtb‐infected neutrophils produced neutrophil extracellular traps, whose exposed DNA is a well‐known mechanism to activate pDCs to secrete IFN‐I. We conclude that pDCs contribute to the IFN‐I response during Mtb infection by interacting with infected neutrophils which may then promote Mtb pathogenesis.
A new microconductometric sensor based on a PVC membrane including an o‐COSAN ion‐pair complex for the detection of caffeine
Authors: Calzia Edward , Ayed Dhekra , Ben Aissa Salwa , Chatti Saber , Berketa Ksenyia , Dyadevych Sergiy , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole
Published: January 2024

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is the most routinely used drug in the world. It is present in coffee, tea, in soft drinks. It is responsible for bitterness in coffee and tea. A new microconductometric sensor for the detection of caffeine was designed, based on a PVC liquid membrane including a [o‐COSAN]−/caffeine ion‐pair complex deposited on interdigitated electrodes. This caffeine sensor presents de dynamic range from 10−6 M to 10−1 M and a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. The sensor presents good reproducibility (RSD 3 %) and repeatability (RSD 8 %). The shelf‐life time of the sensor was more than three months. The sensor is selective versus interfering components present in the different matrices (coke, tea, and coffee) and was used successfully for the detection of caffeine in these matrices.
High‐efficiency extraction of target particles in viscoelastic contraction–expansion microchannels
Authors: Wu Bin , Liu Shaowei , Jiang Di , Tang Wenlai
Published: January 2024

The efficient and precise extraction of target particles is a crucial prerequisite for achieving accurate detection and analysis in microfluidic cell analysis. In this study, a symmetrical contraction–expansion microchannel with sheath flow was designed, aiming to extract target larger particles from particles of different sizes within the channel. This paper conducted numerical simulations to investigate the three‐dimensional migration mechanisms of particles and performed experimental studies to examine the separation performance of particles with different sizes under varying flow rate ratios and different numbers of contraction–expansion structures. The experimental results indicate that at moderate sample flow rates and higher flow rate ratios, microchannels with fewer contraction–expansion structures are likely to achieve better performance in extracting target particles compared to microchannels with a greater number of these structures. Our work advances the application of viscoelastic contraction–expansion microchannels in particle separation. This device is easy to set up in parallel and significantly enhances throughput, providing an accurate and efficient solution for future particle separation applications.
Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms of star anise against COVID‐19 using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Ning , Gao Ya , Liu Lingfei , Hu Qin , Xiao Lixia , Guan Tianzhu
Published: January 2024

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has exhibited promising preventive and therapeutic attributes against COVID‐19. This study aims to investigate the active constituents within star anise and elucidate their mechanisms in combatting COVID‐19, employing a combination of GC‐MS analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques. Various extraction methods were employed to obtain star anise compounds, which were subsequently subjected to GC‐MS analysis. A comprehensive star anise and COVID‐19‐related genomic network was established through Swiss Target Prediction and disease‐gene databases. Network pharmacology analysis unveiled the significant prominence of common core targets, namely TLR4, PTGS2, RELA, and ESR1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that star anise may exert its preventive effects against COVID‐19 by modulating immune responses, apoptosis, and viral infections. Molecular docking investigations provided compelling evidence of substantial interactions between the active compounds found in star anise and the key target proteins. In summary, this work has the potential to offer new avenues and a theoretical foundation for a more in‐depth understanding of the multicomponents, multitarget, and multipathway properties of star anise in preventing COVID‐19.
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neural injury as potential predictors for delirium
Authors: Fong Tamara G. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Kivisäkk Pia , Metzger Eran D. , Schmitt Eva M. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Jones Richard N. , Shanes Hannah T. , Arnold Steven E. , Inouye Sharon K. , Ngo Long H.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Determine if biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neural injury may play a role in the prediction of delirium risk.

Methods

In a cohort of older adults who underwent elective surgery, delirium case‐no delirium control pairs (N = 70, or 35 matched pairs) were matched by age, sex and vascular comorbidities. Biomarkers from CSF and plasma samples collected prior to surgery, including amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, total (t)‐Tau, phosphorylated (p)‐Tau181, neurofilament‐light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma using sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassays.

Results

Plasma GFAP correlated significantly with CSF GFAP and both plasma and CSF GFAP values were nearly two‐fold higher in delirium cases. The median paired difference between delirium case and control without delirium for plasma GFAP was not significant (p = 0.074) but higher levels were associated with a greater risk for delirium (odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 0.85, 2.72 per standard deviation increase in plasma GFAP concentration) in this small study. No matched pair differences or associations with delirium were observed for NfL, p‐Tau 181, Aβ40 and Aβ42.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that plasma GFAP, a marker of astroglial activation, may be worth further investigation as a predictive risk marker for delirium.
Daily occupational exposure in swine farm alters human skin microbiota and antibiotic resistome
Authors: Chen Dong‐Rui , Cheng Ke , Wan Lei , Cui Chao‐Yue , Li Gong , Zhao Dong‐Hao , Yu Yang , Liao Xiao‐Ping , Liu Ya‐Hong , D'Souza Alaric W. , Lian Xin‐Lei , Sun Jian
Published: January 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed across humans, animals, and environment. Farming environments are emerging as a key research area for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). While the skin is an important reservoir of ARGs and ARB, transmission mechanisms between farming environments and human skin remain unclear. Previous studies confirmed that swine farm environmental exposures alter skin microbiome, but the timeline of these changes is ill defined. To improve understanding of these changes and to determine the specific time, we designed a cohort study of swine farm workers and students through collected skin and environmental samples to explore the impact of daily occupational exposure in swine farm on human skin microbiome. Results indicated that exposure to livestock‐associated environments where microorganisms are richer than school environment can reshape the human skin microbiome and antibiotic resistome. Exposure of 5 h was sufficient to modify the microbiome and ARG structure in workers' skin by enriching microorganisms and ARGs. These changes were preserved once formed. Further analysis indicated that ARGs carried by host microorganisms may transfer between the environment with workers' skin and have the potential to expand to the general population using farm workers as an ARG vector. These results raised concerns about potential transmission of ARGs to the broader community. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures in the production process to reduce the possibility of ARGs and ARB transmission.
Promising dawn in the management of pulmonary hypertension: The mystery veil of gut microbiota
Authors: Yang Yicheng , Zhang Hanwen , Wang Yaoyao , Xu Jing , Shu Songren , Wang Peizhi , Ding Shusi , Huang Yuan , Zheng Lemin , Yang Yuejin , Xiong Changming
Published: January 2024

The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, which plays a vital role in human health. It is intricately involved in the metabolism, and it also affects diverse physiological processes. The gut–lung axis is a bidirectional pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune response regulation in the lungs and the development of lung diseases. In this review, we present the interrelated factors concerning gut microbiota and the associated metabolites in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a lethal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance. Our research team explored the role of gut‐microbiota‐derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases and established the correlation between metabolites such as putrescine, succinate, trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), and N, N, N‐trimethyl‐5‐aminovaleric acid with the diseases. Furthermore, we found that specific metabolites, such as TMAO and betaine, have significant clinical value in PH, suggesting their potential as biomarkers in disease management. In detailing the interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and PH, we underscored the potential therapeutic approaches modulating this microbiota. Ultimately, we endeavor to alleviate the substantial socioeconomic burden associated with this disease. This review presents a unique exploratory analysis of the link between gut microbiota and PH, intending to propel further investigations in the gut–lung axis.
Anti‐angiogenic therapy enhances cancer immunotherapy: Mechanism and clinical application
Authors: Li An‐Qi , Fang Jian‐Hong
Published: January 2024

Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, is revolutionizing cancer treatment, achieving durable control of previously incurable or advanced tumors. However, only a certain group of patients exhibit effective responses to immunotherapy. Anti‐angiogenic therapy aims to block blood vessel growth in tumors by depriving them of essential nutrients and effectively impeding their growth. Emerging evidence shows that tumor vessels exhibit structural and functional abnormalities, resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor response to immunotherapy. Both preclinical and clinical studies have used anti‐angiogenic agents to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy against cancer. In this review, we concentrate on the synergistic effect of anti‐angiogenic and immune therapies in cancer management, dissect the direct effects and underlying mechanisms of tumor vessels on recruiting and activating immune cells, and discuss the potential of anti‐angiogenic agents to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Lastly, we outline challenges and opportunities for the anti‐angiogenic strategy to enhance immunotherapy. Considering the increasing approval of the combination of anti‐angiogenic and immune therapies in treating cancers, this comprehensive review would be timely and important.
Ectomycorrhizas of Rhizopogon himalayensis on Cedrus deodara
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tapwal Ashwani , Kumar Dinesh , Yadav Rahul
Published: January 2024

The ectomycorrhizal (EcM) roots of Cedrus deodara associated with a unique hypogeous EcM fungus—Rhizopogon himalayensis is meticulously characterized and comprehensively described based on well‐established standard morphological and anatomical features. The mycobiont—R. himalayensis was found organically associated with the roots of C. deodara. The EcM morphotypes are distinguished by differences in the shape and color of the roots, type of ramification, surface texture, type of mantle, as well as different chemical reactions. All the examined morphotypes were having similar mycorrhizal system and anatomically (Mantle and Hartig net) no disparities were seen, that is, nonsignificant (p > 0.05) variations were observed. The majority of mycorrhizal systems were irregularly pinnate, dichotomous type with 0–1 order of ramification and occasional coralloid type. Mantle surface was densely cottony to loosely wooly. The outer and inner mantles were H & Q type. Hartig net was a complex net‐like structure with uniseriate to mutiseriate type of hyphal cell arrangement. Rhizomorph were smooth and round, consistently growing along roots. Moreover, extraradical hyphae were hyaline, septate, and without clamp connections. Sclerotia and cystidia were absent. Our findings will contribute to the biology of ectomycorrhizae associated with primitive and economically valuable conifers, thriving in the face of shifting environmental conditions in the northwestern Himalayas.
Polarimetric‐Spectral‐Sensitive Compressed Ultrafast Photography Enables Real‐Time Intensity Visualization of Time‐Varying Polarized Ultrafast Laser Pulses
Authors: Ding Pengpeng , Guo Zihan , Qi Dalong , Yao Jiali , Jin Chengzhi , Xu Ning , Zhang Zhiling , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Wang Zhiyong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: January 2024

Ultrafast laser pulses with complex spatiotemporal and polarization couplings have shown great application prospects in coherent control, particle acceleration, molecular dynamics excitation, and chiral or anisotropic detection. It is very important to observe the polarization‐coupled ultrafast laser pulses for characterizing the performance of laser source and understanding the laser‐matter interaction, but there is currently no detection technique that can completely characterize them, including the spatio‐, spectral‐, and polarimetric‐temporal information. In this work, a polarimetric‐spectral‐sensitive has been compressed ultrafast photography (PS‐CUP) to realize the real‐time intensity visualization of time‐varying polarized (TP) ultrafast laser pulses. PS‐CUP can not only distinguish the polarization state of a TP pulse, but also realize the spatio‐, spectral‐ and polarimetric‐temporal measurement. To demonstrate the ability of polarization resolving detection, PS‐CUP is used to successfully distinguish between the sinistral and dextral TP pulses and measure the angle and degree of linear polarization of a dextral TP pulse, respectively, and the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical simulations. Owing to the unprecedented multidimensional detection ability, PS‐CUP is prospected to provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of various complex ultrafast laser pulses and the detection of ultrafast chiral optics.
Dynamics of High Molecular Weight Cylindrical and Lamellar Block Copolymers with X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Taleb Omar , Blatt Michael Patrick , Signorini Virginia , Oparaji Onyekachi , Kim Kyougmin , Lochner Eric , Narayanan Suresh , Zhang Qingteng , Hallinan Daniel
Published: January 2024

The structure and dynamics of polystyrene (PS)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers (BCPs) are studied. The BCPs exhibit microphase‐separated cylindrical and lamellar morphologies. Structural dynamics are measured with X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy in the small‐angle regime. Morphologies and domain sizes are evaluated using small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Different solvent processing conditions are investigated. Grain sizes evaluated using SAXS are found to depend on processing only for the rubbery majority BCP. The structural relaxation times are examined as a function of PS volume fraction, temperature, morphology, and structural sizes. Well above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS, all samples exhibit stretched autocorrelation decays and diffusive dynamics. Near Tg of PS, the dynamics of all samples are anomalous with compressed autocorrelation decays and hyperdiffusive dynamics. This transition occurs at 153 °C or 1.13 Tg of PS. In the diffusive regime (at high temperature), structural relaxation times are dependent on the processing method. Near PS Tg (at low temperature), structural relaxation times scale with the PS volume fraction. Structural relaxation times do not correlate with grain size, indicating that the out‐of‐equilibrium state of PS dominates the structural dynamics of these strongly phase‐segregated BCPs.
Characterization of Ciprofloxacin‐Loaded Polymeric Fiber Mats Prepared by Melt Electrospinning
Authors: Obeid Mohammad A. , Akil Lina , Aljabali Alaa A , Khadra Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Electrospun drug‐loaded polymers are used to make formulations that slowly release medication. This study creates ciprofloxacin (Cip)‐loaded fiber mats by melt electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL) and PEG4000 for controlled release of Cip. The increase in Cip concentration and PEG4000 percentages increases the mat thickness resulting in uniform morphology. The tensile strength of the PCL mat is significantly improved by adding higher concentrations of Cip while PEG inclusion reduced the tensile strength significantly. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves of PCL and PEG 4000 either as free components of after melt electrospinning are identical and both components shows a single endothermic peak at 63 and 61 °C respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the chemical stability of the raw materials, while X‐ray diffraction shows the conversion of PEG and Cip from crystalline to amorphous structure following melt electrospinning. Cip is released gradually over 72 h, and the release is increased in the presence of PEG with a maximum Cip release ≈25% after 72 h. The study provides new insights into the development of controlled release fiber mats loaded with antibacterial agents. This can help to develop formulations for wound dressings that improve the clinical outcomes.
Block Copolymers of Polyolefins with Polyacrylates: Analyzing and Improving the Blocking Efficiencies Using MILRad/ATRP Approach
Authors: Kim Khidong , Nguyen Dung , Strong Jacobo , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Sun Mingkang , Dau Huong , Keyes Anthony , Yin Rongguan , Harth Eva , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Despite their industrial ubiquity, polyolefin‐polyacrylate block copolymers are challenging to synthesize due to the distinct polymerization pathways necessary for respective blocks. This study utilizes MILRad, metal–organic insertion light‐initiated radical polymerization, to synthesize polyolefin‐b‐poly(methyl acrylate) copolymer by combining palladium‐catalyzed insertion–coordination polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Brookhart‐type Pd complexes used for the living polymerization of olefins are homolytically cleaved by blue‐light irradiation, generating polyolefin‐based macroradicals, which are trapped with functional nitroxide derivatives forming ATRP macroinitiators. ATRP in the presence of Cu(0), that is, supplemental activators and reducing agents , is used to polymerize methyl acrylate. An increase in the functionalization efficiency of up to 71% is demonstrated in this study by modifying the light source and optimizing the radical trapping condition. Regardless of the radical trapping efficiency, essentially quantitative chain extension of polyolefin‐Br macroinitiator with acrylates is consistently demonstrated, indicating successful second block formation.
Raine syndrome: Prenatally identified severe craniofacial phenotype with multisuture synostosis and brain abnormalities associated with variants in FAM20C
Authors: Verscaj Courtney P. , Smith Carly , Homeyer Margaret , Matalon Dena R.
Published: January 2024

Raine syndrome (MIM 259775) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, first described by Raine et al. in 1989, with an estimated prevalence of <1/1,000,000. This is due to pathogenic variants in FAM20C characterized by osteosclerosis, typical craniofacial features, and brain calcifications. Here, we report a novel variant in FAM20C, describe a uniquely severe craniofacial and CNS phenotype of Raine syndrome, and correlate it with prenatal findings. Fetal phenotyping was based on ultrasound and MRI. Solo exome sequencing was performed from DNA extracted from postmortem skin biopsy. Targeted parental variant testing was subsequently performed. A homozygous missense variant NM_020223.4 (c.1445 G > A (p.Gly482Glu)) was identified in FAM20C associated with Raine syndrome. The infant had the characteristic dysmorphic features seen in Raine syndrome. He had particularly significant CNS manifestations consisting of multisuture craniosynostosis with protrusion of the brain parenchyma through fontanelles and cranial lacunae. Histological sections of the brain showed marked periventricular gliosis with regions of infarction, hemorrhage, and cavitation with global periventricular leukomalacia. Numerous dystrophic calcifications were diffusely present. Here, we demonstrate the identification of a novel variant in FAM20C in an infant with the characteristic features seen in Raine syndrome. The patient expands the characteristic phenotype of Raine syndrome to include a uniquely severe CNS phenotype, first identified on prenatal imaging.
Photomechaelectric Nanogenerators with Different Photoisomers and Dipole Units for Harvesting UV Light Energy
Authors: Sui Jiefei , Liu Pengpeng , Jia Yifan , Guo Ruiling , Bao Lixia , Zhao Jin , Dong Lulu , Wang Yufei , Lin Weichao , Liu Yijing , Wang Jiliang
Published: January 2024

To date, transforming environmental energy into electricity through a non‐mechanical way is challenging. Herein, a series of photomechaelectric (PME) polyurethanes containing azobenzene‐based photoisomer units and ionic liquid‐based dipole units are synthesized, and corresponding PME nanogenerators (PME‐NGs) to harvest electricity are fabricated. The dependence of the output performance of PME‐NGs on the structure of the polyurethane is evaluated. The results show that the UV light energy can directly transduce into alternating‐current (AC) electricity by PME‐NGs via a non‐mechanical way. The optimal open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current of PME‐NGs under UV illumination reach 17.4 V and 696 µA, respectively. After rectification, the AC electricity can be further transformed into direct‐current (DC) electricity and stored in a capacitor to serve as a power system to actuate typical microelectronics. The output performance of PME‐NGs is closely related to the hard segment content of the PME polyurethane and the radius of counter anions in the dipole units. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to confirm the existence of the PME effect and the detailed mechanism about the generation of AC electricity in PME‐NGs is proposed, referring to the back and forth drift of induced electrons on the two electrodes in contact with the PME polyurethanes.
Self‐Assembled and Polymerized Hierarchical Nanostructure Films of Cyanostilbene‐Based Reactive AIEgens for Smart Chemosensors
Authors: Jang Junhwa , Koo Jahyeon , Oh Mintaek , Wi Youngjae , Yu Dongmin , Hyeong Jaeseok , Jang Eunji , Ko Hyeyoon , Rim Minwoo , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: January 2024

For the development of acid‐responsive advanced fluorescent films with a 2D nanostructure, a pyridyl cyanostilbene‐based AIEgen (PCRM) is newly synthesized. The synthesized PCRM exhibits aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and responds reversibly to acid and base stimuli. To fabricate the nanoporous polymer‐stabilized film, PCRM and 4‐(octyloxy)benzoic acid (8OB) are complexed in a 1:1 ratio through hydrogen bonding. The PCRM‐8OB complex with a smectic mesophase is uniaxially oriented at first and photopolymerized with a crosslinker. By subsequently removing 8OB in an alkaline solution, nanopores are generated in the self‐assembled and polymerized hierarchical 2D nanostructure film. The prepared nanoporous fluorescent films exhibit not only the reversible response to acid and base stimuli but also mechanical and chemical robustness. Since the nanoporous fluorescent films have different sensitivities to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) depending on the molecular orientation in the film, advanced acid vapor sensors that can display the risk level according to the concentration of TFA are demonstrated. Reactive AIEgens‐based hierarchical nanostructure films with nanopores fabricated by a subsequent process of self‐assembly, polymerization, and etching can open a new door for the development of advanced chemosensors.
Significantly Enhanced the Energy Density of Dielectric Composites by Sandwich Structure with Highly Insulating Mica Nanosheets
Authors: Ren Yangjun , Liang Xiaozheng , Li Quan , Hu Hailong , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: January 2024

Dielectric polymer composites exhibit great application prospects in advanced pulse power systems and electric systems. However, the decline of breakdown strength by loading of single high dielectric constant nanofiller hinders the sustained increase in energy density of the composites. Here, a sandwich‐structured nanocomposite prepared with mica nanosheets as the second filler exhibits decoupled modulation of dielectric constant and breakdown strength. The traditional layered clay mineral mica is exfoliated into nanosheets and filled into polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), which shows a special depolarization effect in the polymer matrix. In Kelvin probe microscopy characterization and thermally stimulated depolarization current indicates that the mica nanosheets provided space charge traps for the polymer matrix and effectively suppressed the carrier motion. A sandwich structure composite material with mica nanosheets as the central layer has achieved a high energy density of 11.48 J cm−3, 2.4 times higher than the pure PVDF film. This is due to the fact that randomly oriented distribution of nanosheets in a polymer matrix provide better current blocking. This work provides an effective method to improve the energy density of dielectric polymer composites by synergistically introducing insulating nanosheets and high dielectric constant nanofillers.
Ionic Liquids Modulating Local Microenvironment of Ni–Fe Binary Single Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Sun Jiale , Liu Zhen , Zhou Haihui , Cao Mengxue , Cai Weiming , Xu Chenxi , Xu Junwei , Huang Zhongyuan
Published: January 2024

The Ni and Fe dual‐atom catalysts still undergo strikingly attenuation under high current density and high overpotential. To ameliorate the issue, the ionic liquids with different cations or anions are used in this work to regulate the micro‐surface of nitrogen‐doped carbon supported Ni and Fe dual‐atom sites catalyst (NiFe‐N‐C) by an impregnation method. The experimental data reveals the dual function of ionic liquids, which enhances CO2 adsorption ability and modulates electronic structure, facilitating CO2 anion radical (CO2•¯) stabilization and decreasing onset potential. The theoretical calculation results prove that the attachment of ionic liquids modulates electronic structure, reduces energy barrier of CO2•¯ formation, and enhances overall ECR performance. Based on these merits, BMImPF6 modified NiFe‐N‐C (NiFe‐N‐C/BMImPF6) achieves the high CO faradaic efficiency of 91.9% with a CO partial current density of −120 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V. When the NiFe‐N‐C/BMImPF6 is assembled as cathode of Zn‐CO2 battery, it delivers the highest power density of 2.61 mW cm−2 at 2.57 mA cm−2 and superior cycling stability. This work will afford a direction to modify the microenvironment of other dual‐atom catalysts for high‐performance CO2 electroreduction.
Nanocomposite Electret Layer Improved Long‐Term Stable Solid–Liquid Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhao Xue Jiao , Wang Hai Lu , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: January 2024

With the continuous rise of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the global energy revolution is risen. Development of renewable blue energy based on the emerging promising triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) has become an important direction of future energy development. The solid–liquid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has the advantages of flexible structure, easy manufacture, and long‐term stability, which makes it easier to integrate and achieve large‐scale conversion of wave mechanical energy. However, the electric power output is still not large enough, which limits its practical applications. In this work, a nanocomposite electret layer enhanced solid–liquid contact triboelectric nanogenerator (E‐TENG) is proposed for water wave energy harvesting, which can effectively improve the electric output and achieve real‐time power supply of wireless sensing. Through introducing a nanocomposite electret layer into flexible multilayer solid–liquid contact TENG, higher power output is achieved. The E‐TENG (active size of 50 mm × 49 mm) shows desired output performance, a power density of 521 mW m−2. The generated electric energy can drive wireless temperature sensing by transmitting wireless signals carrying detection information at the period of ˂5.5 min. This research greatly improves the electric output and provides a solid basis for the industrialization of TENG in blue energy.
NiS/NiCo2O4 Cooperative Interfaces Enable Fast Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Deng Yirui , Yang Jin‐Lin , Qiu Zixuan , Tang Wenhao , Li Yanan , Wang Qi , Liu Ruiping
Published: January 2024

Due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered highly promising for the next generation of energy storage technologies. However, the soluble lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) notorious for causing the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics have hindered their practical commercialization. To tackle these challenges, a heterostructural catalyst featuring NiS‐NiCo2O4 interfaces is developed, which serves as an interlayer for LSBs. These interfacial sites leverage the advantages of polar NiCo2O4 and conductive NiS, enabling smooth Li+ diffusion, rapid electron transport, and effective immobilization of LiPSs. This synergistic approach promotes the conversion of sulfur species, resulting in a high discharge capacity of 526 mAh g−1 at 3 C for cells with the NiS‐NiCo2O4 interlayer. Additionally, remarkable cycling stability is achievable with an areal sulfur loading of ≈5.0 mg cm−2. It is believed that this research paves the way for practical applications of LSBs.
Design of Ion Channel Confined Binary Metal Cu‐Fe Selenides for All‐Climate, High‐Capacity Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Ye Zhangran , Jia Peng , Zhao Zhenyun , Lin Jingwen , Wang Xu , Ye Zhizhen , Li Tongtong , Zhang Liqiang , Lu Jianguo
Published: January 2024

Exploring special anode materials with high capacity, stable structure, and extreme temperature feasibility remains a great challenge in secondary sodium based energy systems. Here, a bimetallic Cu‐Fe selenide nanosheet with refined nanostructure providing confined internal ion transport channels are reported, in which the structure improves the pseudocapacitance and reduces the charge transfer resistance for making a significant contribution to accelerating the reaction dynamics. The CuFeSe2 nanosheets have a high initial specific capacity of 480.4 mAh g−1 at 0.25 A g−1, showing impressively excellent rate performance and ultralong cycling life over 1000 cycles with 261.1 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1. Meanwhile, it exhibits a good sodium storage performance at extreme temperatures from −20 °C to 50 °C, supporting at least 500 cycles. Besides, the CuFeSe2||Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 168.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent feasibility for over 600 cycles long cycling. Additionally, the Na+ storage mechanisms are further revealed by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. A feasible channelized structural design strategy is provided that inspires new instruction into the development of novel materials with high structural stability and low volume expansion rate toward the application of other secondary batteries.
Anomaly detection in IoT environment using machine learning
Authors: Bilakanti Harini , Pasam Sreevani , Palakollu Varshini , Utukuru Sairam
Published: January 2024

This research paper delves into the security concerns within Internet of Things (IoT) networks, emphasizing the need to safeguard the extensive data generated by interconnected physical devices. The presence of anomalies and faults in the sensors and devices deployed within IoT networks can significantly impact the functionality and outcomes of IoT systems. The primary focus of this study is the identification of anomalies in IoT devices arising sensor tampering, with an emphasis on the application of machine learning techniques. While supervised methods like one‐class SVM, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and XG Boost have proven effective in anomaly detection, there has been a noticeable scarcity of research employing unsupervised methods. This scarcity is mainly attributed to the absence of well‐defined ground truths for model training. This research takes an innovative approach by investigating the utility of unsupervised algorithms, including Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor, alongside supervised techniques to enhance the precision of anomaly detection.
Implementation to cardiovascular disorders under the action of magnetohydrodynamics in a non‐Newtonian peristaltic blood flow of nanofluid
Authors: Rao Viharika Javalkar Umakant , Khan Umair , Muhammad Taseer
Published: January 2024

The issue of vascular stenosis has recently received significant innovative interest among researchers. Due to the buildup of adipocytes and other constituents of atherosclerotic, arteries can generate an abnormal condition called arterial stenosis. It optimizes blood circulation to prevent myocardial illness. In light of this, the current scientific report assembled a Casson fluid model to assess the MHD peristaltic transit of blood supply via a mildly stenotic artery when copper nanoparticles are added. A relevant simulation model is often used to outline the issue, acquiring non‐dimensional variables and approximations for the stenosis. Temperature has quantitative approaches, and the result for velocity is derived numerically in MATHEMATICA. The expressions for Nusselt number, wall shear stress, flow resistance distribution and stream function are attained. The under action of copper nanoparticles, the consequences of several new physiological measures on arterial blood circulation properties are visually displayed and explained briefly. A pictorial explanation of the trapping phenomena is also provided. In comparison to arteries devoid of stenosis, arteries with stenosis have a higher temperature distribution throughout the fluid flow and velocity. In addition, high temperature and velocity increase in the middle of the artery and decrease as one gets closer to the arterial wall. Further, the concentration, Grashof number and heat source and sink parameters of the nanoparticles reduce the wall shear stress of the blood in the arteries since the arterial wall contributes heat to the flow zone. The discovery could have medical applications as well as bioinformatics. Furthermore, the current work contributes to the cure of different cardiac illnesses.