bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D on Arterial Stiffness in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Intermediate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Anwar Rehan , Khan Muhammad Ahsan Naseer , Bajwa Nadeem Ahmad , Najmi Latif , Rafiq Shafaq , Alamir Osama Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D therapy on arterial stiffness on diabetic type 2 with intermediate chronic kidney diseases patients. Study design: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot for six months from September 2022 to February 2023. Methods: There were 160 participants in total included both male and female gender. The age range was 40-75 years, but majority participants included male 90%. The pulse wave velocity (PWV), 2000 wave unit was measured the arterial stiffness. In an approved laboratory, biochemical parameters such vitamin D, FGF-23, iPTH were assessed by enzyme linked immunoassay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: A total of 160 participants who were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (n = 60) or vitamin D (n = 100) were qualified for analysis. The eGFR, serum calcium, phosphate, HbA1c, total cholesterol level, and albumin excretion in both groups did not change significantly throughout therapy; p>0.005. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly increase, p <0.001** in participants, then increased aortic-PWV in the vitamin D therapy group compared to the placebo group. Ao-PWV did not change significantly at the end of the treatment, P>0.005. There is no significant impact of vitamin D on arterial stiffness. Conclusion: In T2DM with moderate CDK, the aortic-PWV, augmentation index, and pressure measurements of arterial stiffness were all substantially higher in the vitamin D deficient group compared to the vitamin D sufficient group. Keywords: Chronic kidney disorder, Diabetes type 2, Pulse wave velocity, Aortic.
Comparison of Clinical Outcome in Surgically Treated Radial Styloid Fracture: K-Wire Vs Screw Fixation
Authors: Labib Muhammad , Rafique Faisal , Swati M Arsalan Azmat
Published: December 2023

Background: Distal radius fracture (DSF) is a frequent clinical issue. The aim of this study was that to compare surgical treatment of screw and k-wire fixation with related to the reunion, functionally outcomes and improve patient’s life quality after radius broken or fracture. Study design: The randomized controlled study was carried out at the department of orthopedic surgery CMH hospital, Rawalpindi for six months from 13 December 2022 to 12 June 2023. Materials and Methods: The total participants were 110 included both gender male and female were age group (20-62) and treated with k-wire and screw fixation. The surgery was carried out while the patient was under external anesthesia, using a pneumatic tourniquet and image intensification. We analyzed data by SPSS 21 version. Results: The mean age of patients in K-wire group was 41.99 ± 5.34 years and in screw fixation group was 47.19 ± 15.82 years. The minimum and maximum age in K-wire and Screw fixation group was 20-62 years respectively. The total participants were (n=110) which included each group consists of 55 participants in screw and k-wire fixation treatment. To compare the overall reunion rate of radius bone in screw fixation treatment group show significant result (p< 0.001) as compared to k-wire group treatment and radiological healing time was 8 to 10 weeks in both surgical treatment groups. Conclusion: In the distal radius fracture treated surgically by screw and k-fixation but in our study to analyzed significant reunion and functional outcome in screw fixation group then k-wire fixation in the participants. Screw fixation takes less time 2.5 months for recovery after bone broken as compare to k-wire. The disadvantage of k-wire after surgery to show highly significant irritation of soft bone tissue and requiring implant removal. Keywords: Distal Radius fracture (DSF); K-wire fixation; screw fixation;
The Science Behind Nefertiti's Beauty: A Plastic Surgeon's Analysis
Authors: Shaikh Kashan , Rasheed Sadia , Mal Jameeat
Published: December 2023

Background: The ancient queen Nefertiti has been celebrated throughout the history as one of the most gorgeous women to have ever lived. Her striking looks have captivated people for centuries, inspiring countless works of art and even fashion trends. Nefertiti's beauty may have been enhanced further by her hairstyle, which included a long, flowing wig that draped down over her shoulders Study design: It was a randomized controlled study, conducted at Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery LUMHS Jamshoro Hyderabad for the duration of six months from September 2022 to February 2023. Material and Methods: In this anthropological study, the frontal view of the face was studied. When the lower two and three canons were measured, it was estimated that both the proportions were equal and the ratio was 1:1. The study was approved by the review and ethical board committee of the hospital. The measurement of vermillion of the upper and lower lip revealed 1:1.4 ratios. Results: In the lateral view of the face, the lower two and three canons were measured and the ratio was exactly the same as measured in the lateral view i.e. 1:1. The length of the nose and ear was almost equal i.e. 23 mm and 22 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The sculpture of Nefertiti’s bust was made three million years ago, and the difference of time period in both the events still the anthropometric parameters are quite similar in both the cases. Keywords: Beauty and Queen Nefertiti.
Pregabalin and Gabapentin's Effectiveness Safety in Treating Neuropathic Pain are Compared at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Islamabad
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Gul Sawaira , Shah Syed Wajahat Ali , Munir Hafiza Maryam
Published: December 2023

Background: Patients with neuropathic pain treated at a single clinic in Pakistan took part in this research study over six months to assess the efficacy and safety of pregabalin and gabapentin as potential treatments. Patients suffering from neuropathic pain and participating in the experiment were split into two groups, each receiving pregabalin or gabapentin according to a random assignment. Before being evaluated using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS), participants were first questioned about their demographics and the degree of their pain at the beginning of the study. Follow-up appointments were held one week, one month, three months, and six months after the first visit. According to the research results, both pregabalin and gabapentin helped reduce neuropathic pain; however, the effects of pregabalin on pain reduction were much more significant. It was determined that both drugs were safe to use, and none of the reported adverse effects were particularly severe. Both gabapentin and pregabalin were found to be effective drugs in relieving neuropathic pain by the researchers who conducted the study. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to ascertain whether or not pregabalin and gabapentin are helpful in the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients who are receiving care at the Pakistan Institute of medical sciences Islamabad, Pakistan. The secondary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of pregabalin and gabapentin in reducing the amount of pain that participants in the study report feeling. The Visual Analogue Scale, often known as the VAS, will quantify the pain level experienced.
Frequency of Common Bacterial Organisms in Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Nafis Sana , Akhtar Sohail , Ahmad Furqan , Hussain Ghulam , Badshah Fazal , Ali Izhar , Ahmad Sara , . Faiza , Ahmad Azaz
Published: December 2023

Objective: The present study goal is to determine the frequency of various bacterial organisms in neonatal sepsis and to know the sensitivity pattern of these organisms to the commonly used antibiotics. Methods: After the ethical approval from institutional review board, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from Feb 5, 2020 to Aug 4, 2020. Through non-probability consecutive sampling 162 neonates between from 1st day to 28 days of life, of either gender, or gestational age of <28 weeks were included in the present study. The patient's age, gender, gestational age, birth weight, and delivery method were noted, as well as a thorough account of their current medical condition, their signs and symptoms, and any prior hospitalizations or procedures were recorded in a Performa. Results: In this study, 162 malno children presenting with neonatal Sepsis were included. Male to female ratio was 1:0.61. The study included age ranged from 3 up to 28 days. Average age was 6.7+6.48 days. Staphlyococcus aureus was found in majority of cases which is 72(44.4%), followed by Klebsiella in 59(36.4%), Escherichia Coli in 48(29.6%), streptococci is found in 33(20.4%) children while 44(27.2%) patients have Coagulase negative staphylococci. Amikacin, amoxicillin, Cefotaxime, Imipenem and Linezolid give the same pattern as that of co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: Babies with septic shock have undergone culture and sensitivity testing. In addition to aiding in patient care, this would also inhibit the unnecessary use of antibiotics and forestall the escalation of newborn sepsis. Keywords: C-reative protein, Neonates, Neonatal Sepsis.
A Cross Sectional Study on the Risk Factors of Illicit Drug use Among the University Students
Authors: Tariq Saeed Akbar , Afzal Muhammad , Khan Rashid Mahmood , Tariq Muaaz , Maqsood Atif
Published: December 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of illicit drug use among university students of private and public universities. And also, to assess risk factors of illicit drug use. Methods: This study was conducted at DHQ Hospital Faisalabad and the duration of this study was from November 2020 to April 2022. This was a cross sectional study design, in which data was collected from 600 students of public and private sector universities. The sample had an equal gender proportion i.e 300 males and 300 females. Data was collected through questionnaires. The data was then analyzed for the prevalence of illicit drug use among university students and also the associating risk factors of illicit drug use. Chi square test was performed to find out the association of illicit drug use to various factors such as age, living status, availability, source of drug, frequency of intake etc. Result: According to data analysis 17.3% students of government colleges were using more than one drug while 82.6% were using single drugs. 26.3% students of private colleges were using more than one drug while 73.6% were using single drug. 80% of public sector had abused prescribed drugs. 73.6% of private sector had abused prescribed drugs. 19.2% public sector students knew multiple drug suppliers. 46.9% students revealed that the drug was available within the university premises. Practical Implication: Our finding of the increased risk of illicit drug use among the university students has added an important information to the literature in this research area. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of illicit drug use among the public and private university students of Punjab. We also tried to learn the reason for the usage of these drugs and also whether these are any factors associated with use of these illicit drug. Conclusion: Illicit drug use is more prevalent in boarders as compared to day scholars. A chunk of the students revealed that the drugs most commonly used are cheap. Drugs are more easily available in public sector universities as compared to private ones. There has been a gradual increase in the frequency of drug intake per day in addicts. Illicit drugs had an overall negative effect on the academics of students. A good proportion of the sample believes that parental care plays a key role in preventing their child from indulging into any type of illicit drug use. Keywords: Drugs, Risk Factors, Addicts, Maladaptive, Psychologically, Neurotransmitters
Comparison of Combination-Vaginal Clindamycin with Oral Metronidazole and Oral Metronidazole Alone in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Sharif Rabia , Shaeen Shazia , Yousaf Beenish , Maqbool Memoona , Manzoor Uzma , Iqbal Saba
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection of sexually active woman. Bacterail vaginosis has been associated with preterm labour, amniotic fluid infection, chorioamniotiss and postpartum endometritis. Objective: To compare the efficacy of combination oral metronidazole-vaginal clindamycin gel with oral metronidazole alone in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Material and methods: This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted in Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad. Approval from hospital Ethical Review Committee was taken after formulation of synopsis. 422 Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria enrolled in the study. Informed consent was taken from each participant of the study. Patients was randomized into Group A and Group B using computer generated random number table. Results: Data was collected from 422 patients with mean gestational age 38.67 ± 1.69 weeks. The cumulative cure rate in the oral metronidazole group was 87% and 89.6% in the oral clindamycin group. There was no statistical difference in the efficacy of the two medications (p = 0.639). Nine (13%) of the women who received oral metronidazole and seven (10.4%) of the women in the oral clindamycin group had treatment failures following the test of cure, with an overall failure rate of 11.8%. Conclusion: It is concluded that both medications have comparable efficacy and similar pregnancy outcomes in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Keywords: Vaginosis, Prevalence, Woman, Postpartum
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Hygiene among Medical Students of CIMS Multan, Pakistan
Authors: Farrukh Ghazal , Ahmed Farhan , Ali Muhammad , Ismail Aasma , Ain Hafiza Qurat-Ul- , Rana Ahsan Rashid , Abdullah Hafiz Muhammad , Ishtiaq Abir , Khalid Muhammad , Azam Sheikh Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Background: One of the most crucial methods for preventing the spread of infections in the health care system is hand hygiene (HH). Health Care Professionals (HCPs) place a high value on HH knowledge, attitude, and practice, and non-compliance may have unfavorable effects. Objectives: This study, which is being conducted at the CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS), Multan, Pakistan (PK), aims to evaluate and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students in their clinical year, interns, and between male and female students while also identifying knowledge gaps. Methods: This study was cross-sectional in nature. 188 medical apprentices and students enrolled in the clinical year (99 men and 89 women). From the beginning of February 2022 till June 2022, five months, this study was finished. The standard self-structured hand hygiene (HH) questionnaire was utilized, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-20) was used to analyze the results. Results: 188 students overall, both male and female, responded to the survey. About 92% (173 out of 188) of the responders were in the 18–24 age range. In general, it was discovered that clinical year medical students at CIMS, Multan, Pakistan, had a moderate level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviors about hand cleanliness (50% -75%). In terms of HH, female participants had better attitudes and knowledge than male participants (i.e., >75%), but there was no difference in terms of practice. Conclusion: Concerning hand hygiene, there are ‘overall’ satisfactory knowledge, attitude and practice towards HH. Future research in this field should focus on both self- reported responses and directly observed data to assess the practical application of good hand hygiene practices. Keywords: Hand hygiene; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Medical students; Self-structured Questionnaire.
Impact of Educational Intervention on the Knowledge of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Lady Health Visitors
Authors: Kiran Saba , Tabbasum Rehana , Naz Ayesha , Masih Nadeem , Nadeem Arfa
Published: December 2023

Background: PCOS, a common endocrine disorder, is more common in adolescent girls and young women during their reproductive years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 116 million (3.4%) of women worldwide have PCOS in 2012. PCOS increases a woman's risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infertility, anxiety, and depression, as well as a poor quality of life related to her health. Objectives: To determine the impact of education intervention on the knowledge of poly cystic ovarian disease among lady health visitors in Public Health Nursing School Lahore. Methodology: A Quasi- experiment one group pre-test post-test study design was conducted at Public Health Nursing School in Pakistan. A total of 141 people were recruited through random sampling. First- and second-year lady health visitor (LHV) students aged 17 to 30 participated in the study. It was done with full knowledge and consent. To analyze the data, the most recent version of SPSS 24 was employed. Results: According to the study's findings, the bulk of participants, 114 (80.9%), were between the ages of 17 and 20, with 75 (53.2%) of them living in metropolitan regions. The results showed that the data was normally distributed because the P-value was less than 0.05. The findings showed that, in comparison to their values at the pretest, the mean post intervention knowledge score was significantly higher after educational intervention (p 0.0001). Practical Implications: The midwives and labor and delivery nurses (LHVs) play a key role in the healthcare industry. Women should receive counselling, information, and encouragement related to polycystic ovary syndrome. The long-term advantages of education would help women understand how to adjust their lifestyles according to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Conclusion: It is concluded that the post intervention score of participants was high than pre-intervention. As a result, educational sessions had a positive effect on improving knowledge scores about polycystic ovarian syndrome. Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; Knowledge; Educational Intervention; Lady Health Visitor
Post-Thyroid Surgery Complications in Patients with Palpable Thyroid Gland
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Imran , Afaque Saad Abdur Rehman , Anwar Zubair , Dogar Muhammad Razzaq , Waheed Abdul , Syed Tatheer , Anwar Adnan
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the rate of post-thyroid surgery complications in patients with a palpable thyroid gland. Study design and setting: Cross sectional observational, Department of ENT, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. Methodology:Patients were enrolled from OPD and wards. Patients with palpable thyroid gland with plan for thyroid surgery were included. Thyroid surgery was performed by a surgeon having >5 years of experience. Patients were discharged by 48–72 hours postoperatively. All patients had their vocal cords checked at the time of extubation. On the follow-up visit at day 5, final diagnosis of complications was assessed. For data analysis, SPSS v23.0 was used. Cross tabulation was done with type of surgery (lobectomy, isthmusectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, near total thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy) to see effect of these on outcome variables by applying chi square test. A p-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results:Total 157 patients with palpable thyroid gland were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 39.8±12.2 years. Total 112(71.3%) were males and 45(28.7%) were females. Out of 157 patients, 14(8.9%) had hypoparathyroidism, while, 72(45.9%), 40(25.5%), 16(10.2%) and 15(9.6%) had hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, RLN paralysis and airway obstruction respectively. Conclusion:More extensive procedures are associated with greater number of complications in thyroid surgery. Complications of thyroid surgery can be minimized by sound knowledge of normal and pathologic anatomy and an unhurried, gentle operation technique. Keywords: Thyroidectomy, Post-thyroid Surgery Complications, Lobectomy, Isthmusectomy, Subtotal Thyroidectomy
Knowledge and Practice of Laptop Ergonomics in Office Employees
Authors: Fatima Batool , Mumtaz Umema , Zulfiqar Sara , Mushtaq Sameera , Imtiaz Rafia , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Saleem Sumbal , Fatima Kanwal , Rafique Hira , Aslam Intsam
Published: December 2023

Background: The rapid growth of information technology has led to increased laptop usage in offices, industries, and educational settings. However, the lack of knowledge and practice of ergonomics during laptop use can result in musculoskeletal discomfort and constrained postures. It is important to provide information to frequent laptop users about the ergonomics effects to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: Study is aimed to access knowledge and practice level of laptop ergonomics among office employees. Methodology: The following descriptive study was conducted on a sample size of 195 employees calculated through Rao-soft software. Data was collected by using convenient sampling technique from two private and one government office setting operating in Lahore, Pakistan, using a questionnaire assessing knowledge and practice of laptop ergonomics among office employees. Employees fulfilling the eligibility criteria were encouraged to fill the questionnaire after informed consent. Result: 195 employees with mean age 29.892±8.008 participated in this study. 75.9% had fair knowledge of laptop ergonomics and 59.6% employees practice this moderately. 12.3% participant had good knowledge of laptop ergonomics out which only 7.2% have good practice of laptop ergonomics while 11.8% population had poor knowledge and 33.3% had poor laptop ergonomic practice. Conclusion: More than half of the office employees are well known with knowledge of laptop practice but they don’t practice ergonomics in daily work routine. Workplace administrations should design offices based on ergonomic principles to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Education programs and seminars on laptop ergonomics can raise awareness among employees. Keywords: Knowledge and practice, laptop ergonomics, office employees
The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Asthma Control in Children
Authors: Bashir Tabassum , Rafaqat Zoha , Lodhi Naveed , Yahya Urooj , Ali Hussain , Zahid Arva
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition affecting millions of children worldwide. Despite advancements in asthma management, many pediatric patients continue to experience suboptimal control, leading to frequent exacerbations, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the impact of vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in children. Material and methods: A total of 175 pediatric patients aged 6 to 14 years were recruited from the pediatric respiratory clinic at Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat. Eligible participants were diagnosed with persistent asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Patients with significant comorbidities, those on vitamin D supplementation, or with a history of vitamin D toxicity were excluded from the study. Results: The study enrolled a total of 175 pediatric patients, with 87 participants in the intervention group and 88 in the control group. The mean age of the participants was 10 years, with a gender distribution of 55% male and 45% female. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, and asthma severity, were comparable between the two groups. At baseline, the mean ACT score in the intervention group was 14.9, while in the control group, it was 14.7. The mean cACT score was 16.8 in the intervention group and 17.1 in the control group. Practical Implication: This study will be helpful in finding the vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in children. Conclusion: It is concluded that the impact of vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in children provides encouraging evidence for the potential benefits of vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in pediatric asthma management. The 12-week intervention with daily vitamin D3 supplementation at a dosage of 1000 IU demonstrated significant improvements in asthma control scores and lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Keywords: Vit-D, Asthma, Patients, Functions
Factors Responsible for Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ahmed Yasir , Ashraf Saadia , Zeb Taimur , Ahmad Waqas , Zia Shahid , Fayaz Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a neglected but important health problem, accounts for significant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. By year 2030, it is expected to be the third leading causing of mortality. COPD patients with associated depression can affect disease progression, high healthcare resource utilization, more frequent exacerbations and increased mortality. Objectives: To determine the frequency of factors leading to depression in patients with COPD presenting to tertiary care hospital at Peshawar. Material & Methods: It was descriptive Cross-Sectional Study conducted at Pulmonology unit,Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar from 12th November 2019 to 12th May 2020.Patients with COPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria were assessed for depression. A total of 43 patients were selected according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS 21) for Depression. Factors leading to depression like Gold stage of COPD, smoking, socio economic status, mMRC grades of dyspnea and C reactive proteins level were assessed. Frequency was calculated for each of these factors causing depression. These factors were further stratified on basis of age, gender, duration of COPD and no of hospitalization. SPSS version 22 was used for analyzing of the collected data. P value less than 0.05 was marked as statistically significant.
A Research Study on Prompt Results and Physical Assessment of Mechanically Ventilated Children
Authors: Butt Raheel Farooq , Khan Neelam , Khan Sana , Akbar Amna , Jadoon Sarosh Khan , Tanveer Areeba
Published: December 2023

Objective: There is alarming information on the usage of MV in PICUs from Asian nations. The goals of this research were to identify the patients' clinical profiles, traits, frequent causes of breathing problems, complications connected to ventilation problems, and ultimate outcomes. For admittance to the pediatric critical care unit, the criterion for mechanical ventilation (MV) is rigorous (ICU). It may be difficult to manage children in impoverished nations with minimal resources that need invasive ventilation. Methods: The information gathered included epidemiological trends, ventilation indications, problems, duration of use of the ventilator, and results. From January 2022 to December 2022, a retrospective analysis of kids who needed ventilator support in the Liaqaut National Hospital, Karachi was conducted. Results: The most frequent indications for ventilation in this research were impending respiratory arrest (34.6%) and a low Glasgow coma rating (17.8%). Of the 1172 patients who were brought to the PICU, 101 (8.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. 75% of the patients on mechanical ventilation were male, and 42% were newborns. We discuss the epidemiological patterns, prevalence, causes, and results of pediatric intensive care unit ventilator support cases. Planning better treatment plans in the future may assist improve outcomes, which can be achieved by analysis of this data. The average MV lasted 2.1 days. These kids had a 38.6% death rate. Conclusions: In summary, there is little MV activity in our PICU. The most frequent justification for mechanical ventilation was respiratory failure. Keywords: Respiratory Failure, Mechanically Ventilated, Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit.
Incidence of G6pd Deficiency in Young Asymptomatic Males in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Hania , Hussain Aamir , Ahmad Sqn Ldr Shujee , Tariq Umer Bin , Imran Baseera , Soomro Abdul Karim
Published: December 2023

Background: NADPH is crucial for glutathione reduction. Deficiecy of G6PD leads to excessive oxidised glutathione that denatures hemoglobin and forms Heinz bodies. Heinz bodies damages RBC membrane and cause premature removal of cells by spleen. G6PD deficiency is the most common X-linked inherited red cell enzymopathy that leads to hemolytic anemia and neonatal jaundice in enzyme deficient patients under oxidative stress. G6PD is the rate limiting enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway, a dominant form of glycolysis in RBCs. G6PD converts glucose-6 phosphate into 6-phosphonogluconolactone and reduces NADP to NADPH. Objective: To determine incidence of G6PD deficiency in young healthy males in Pakistan. Study design: A descriptive cross sectional study Place and duration: Study was carried out at PAF Hospital Sargodha from Jan 2021 to Feb 2023 Methodology: G6PD levels were checked in young healthy male volunteers of 12 to 18 years of age, after taking informed consent from subjects and their parents. Results: Out of 1493 volunteers, only 61 were G6PD deficient and rest all had normal levels. This shows an incidence of 4.08% in our population. Conclusion: Comparing with previous studies suggests 2-4% incidence of G6PD deficiency in Pakistani population. A larger study including females and studying variants of disease is needed. Patients with lab confirmed P.Vivax should get screened for G6PD deficiency, so that they receive Primaquine. Keywords: Incidence, G6PD deficiency, Malaria, Primaquine.
Prevalence of Sciatica in Female Tailors
Authors: Tanveer Saliha , Iftikhar Sadia , Islam Farooq , Thakur Asim Raza
Published: December 2023

Background: Pain in low back region is the usual problem in general population, and especially common in those population where the majority of people sit. Prolonged sitting position or poor body ergonomics are the main source of developing low back pain and Sciatic nerve tightness, which can progress to sciatica. Adolescents and younger people are more likely to adopt poor posture and body ergonomics, which leads to sciatic nerve tightness. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sciatica among female tailors. Objective: To evaluate Sciatica in female tailors in Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan. Methodology: With a sample size of 318, a cross-sectional study was conducted on female tailors of District Jhelum. This study was done from March-June 2022 to September 2022 by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique, by selecting a female tailors of Jhelum, Punjab, who were between 18-60 years age, having work experience of at-least 1 year , who takes 1-2 times break , using a sitting /standing sewing machine for a long duration of time while a female tailors who having a history of lower limb surgery. Data were collected by using a self-created questionnaire with a reliability of 0.661, which was calculated after a pilot study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were screened and asked for consult to participate in study. SLR test and VAS scale were used to assess the sciatica and pain in female tailors respectively. Results: About 318 participants took part in the study, with the primary findings indicating that Sciatic nerve tightness were found in 162(50.9percent) of tailors who had a positive diagnostic test (SLR test). Other respondents were found to have negative test results, indicating that they did not match the selection criteria. Practical Implication: It can be controlled by reducing risk factors of sciatica and to raise knowledge about low back pain and sciatica, so that people can avoid and protect them from low back pain and sciatica. Conclusion(s): It is concluded that female tailors are more prone to develop sciatica who are obese, work for long duration in sitting position. It can be controlled by reducing risk factors of sciatica and to raise knowledge about low back pain and sciatica, so that people can avoid and protect them from low back pain and sciatica. Keywords: Prevalence, Sciatica, SLR, Low Back Pain, Musculoskeletal Disease, VAS Scale.
Frequency of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in Patients Presenting with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Atif Naveeda , Imran Javaria , Ilyas Erum , Jamsheed Saira , Shakeel Zakia , Anwar Adnan
Published: December 2023

Objective: Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal condition during pregnancy and following delivery. Numerous organs' functions can be influenced by preeclampsia. It is crucial, as this illness may be linked to abnormalities in thyroid function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and its association with hypertension in pregnant women. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi, using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months from October 2022 till March 2023. A total of 80 pregnant women who were between the ages of 18 and 40, had gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks, and had laboratory results that suggested hypothyroidism were included in this study. A chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between maternal age, parity, gestational age, serum levels of TSH and T4 and pregnancy induced hypertension. Results: The study findings showed that most of the women 33(41.25%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.43±4.64 years. The mean parity was 1.74±0.83 and the mean gestational age was 30.33±5.22 weeks, and the mean duration of hypothyroidism was 4.27±2.06 years. Concerning thyroid parameters, the mean T4 was 5.79±1.21 pmol/L, and the mean TSH was 6.28±2.03 mIU/L. Additionally, there was an insignificant association observed between pregnancy induced hypertension and maternal age, gestational age, parity, and thyroid hormone parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that alterations in the thyroid function of pregnant women led to pregnancy induced hypertension. Only 25% of hypothyroid pregnant women had gestational hypertension. Furthermore, age, parity, gestational age, and thyroid parameters of pregnant women were insignificantly associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, gestational age.
Comparison of Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Neck and Shoulder among Different Types of Hand Held Device Users
Authors: Anwar Sabahat , Shaheen Rabia , Hameed Iqra , Farooq Nawal , Sabir Usama Bin , Ghafar Tamjeed , Akdas Efra , Nisar Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Prolonged and forceful utilization of hand-held devices has contributed to a global increase in upper extremity and cervical musculoskeletal disorders. These pathologies are directly associated with the excessive use of mobile phones, tablets, and similar devices. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of diverse hand-held devices on musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in the neck and shoulder and investigate the relation between usage duration and MSK symptoms in the neck and shoulder region. Materials and Methods: This study utilized an observational design with a self-structured questionnaire approved by the Department of Physical Therapy at Sargodha Medical College. The sample consisted of 300 young adults aged 21 to 28 years, selected through convenient sampling across different academic years. Data collection involved the distribution of a comprehensive questionnaire, ensuring meticulous responses and privacy. Inclusive criteria included 2nd to final year students, while exclusions maintained homogeneity. Rigorous standards were followed, enhancing reliability and validity, and facilitating a comprehensive exploration of musculoskeletal health in the medical college student population. Results: Among the 300 participants, 76% experienced musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder regions, while 24% were asymptomatic. Specifically, 57% reported pain, 16% had numbness, 5% experienced cramping, and 22% felt stiffness. Moreover, 55% of the total population reported some level of pain on the Visual Analog Scale, while 45% were pain-free. Conclusion: Excessive utilization of handheld devices is intricately associated with cervico-brachial discomfort, revealing correlations between device typology, duration of usage, postural alignments, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Keywords: hand-held devices, musculoskeletal symptoms, neck and shoulder discomfort
Endoscopic Vs. Microscopic Discectomy for Single Level Lumber Prolaps Disc Patients
Authors: Rehman Zia-Ur- , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Objective: An endoscopic discectomy and a microdiscectomy for lumbar spine disc disease were compared in a randomized controlled trial. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled experiment study conducted at the tertiary care hospital of KPK from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. The study comprised 40 patients suffering from low back discomfort that travels down their legs and who have prolapsed intervertebral discs at the L5-S1 and L4-L5 levels, as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They varied in age from 12 to 64. Endoscopic/microscopic discectomy with fluoroscopic guidance was conducted while the patient was laying on his or her back under a general anesthetic. All patients were monitored who spending two hours in the recovery room after surgery before being transferred to the ward. All patients were clinically followed up for a year using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: There were 22(55%) male patients and 18(45%) female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 64. On average, the patients were 52.5 years old. Thirteen (32.5%) and 27(67.5%) patients had prolapsed discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Patients in the endoscopic and microscopic discectomy groups both improved significantly in their analog visual ratings after surgery. Despite this, A less amount of postoperative pain medication was needed, a shorter length of stay in the hospital, and quicker mobility for the endoscopic discectomy group compared to the microscopic group. Conclusion: Both endoscopic and microdiscectomy are safe and equally effective procedures. Each of them is capable of relieving. Nonetheless, early mobility and decreased postoperative discomfort were advantages of the endoscopic discectomy. Keywords: Endoscopic Discectomy, Microscopic Discectomy, Lumbar Prolapse Disc, spinal surgery, Minimally invasive surgery
The importance of being relational: comparative reflections on relational contracts in Australia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Viven-Wilksch Jessica
Published: December 2023

The notion of the relational contract, previously limited to academic circles, is now being articulated by some courts. The consequences are threefold. Firstly, these judicial decisions are challenging the conception of agreements in the common law. Secondly, these decisions acknowledge the particularity of some long-term commercial relationships and shift the spotlight onto the relations of the parties. Thirdly, they are being used to integrate obligations to act in good faith. This article will show how these decisions implement the developing theory of relational contracts. The article will discuss recent developments in the United Kingdom and Australia and reflect on the parallel course the two jurisdictions are taking. By providing a bird’s-eye view of normative changes affecting some long-term transactions, the aim of the article is to reflect on how contract law is being reshaped by the recognition that, in some contracts, the relationship, not self-interest, is the vital thing, demonstrating a move away from traditional contract law theory.
Óleo ozonizado como terapia complementar em necrose de língua por droga vasoativa – um relato de caso em paciente crítico
Authors: Santos Müller Rodrigues , Gratão Lara Lenza , Rodrigues Laise Nunes , Costa Cyrene Piazera Silva
Published: December 2023

O cirurgião-dentista desempenha o papel de prevenção, manutenção e tratamento da saúde bucal do paciente hospitalizado. Durante a avaliação desse paciente é frequente a identificação de lesões em cavidade bucal. Nos tecidos moles, essas lesões podem ser observadas como abrasões, hematomas, úlceras e sangramento das mucosas. Neste relato de caso, observou-se uma lesão bucal em uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 81 anos, parda, hipertensa e com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, apresentando o diagnóstico de choque séptico por pneumonia. Por esse motivo, a paciente esteve em uso de droga vasoativa e suporte ventilatório por intubação via orotraqueal. Nessa ocasião, a paciente apresentou uma lesão enegrecida em ponta de língua, sugestivo de necrose lingual. Como tratamento, foram realizados ajustes nas medicações, alívio de pressão do tubo e dos dentes, corticoterapia tópica e ozonioterapia na lesão. Após as sessões do tratamento, pôde-se observar uma melhora expressiva no aspecto clínico de uma área de necrose lingual para uma área de reepitelização tecidual. Conclui-se que a terapia com ozônio demostrou bons resultados para este caso. A reparação tecidual proporcionada pode evitar intervenções cirúrgicas e invasivas.
Alterações histopatológicas do tecido prostático de cães orquiectomizados e não orquiectomizados com diferentes idades
Authors: Supranzetti de Rezende Rodrigo , Bernardi Manzano Marcelo , Gabellini Leonel Alves Endrigo , Linhares Sampaio Renato , Rodrigues Rosado Isabel , Costa Venturini Guilherme , Martin Ian
Published: December 2023

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar alterações microscópicas na glândula prostática de cães de diferentes idades, comparando grupos orquiectomizados e não orquiectomizados. Após necropsia de 100 cães adultos, os tecidos prostáticos foram avaliados quanto a peso, volume e dimensões, seguidos por análises macroscópicas e histopatológicas. No grupo não orquiectomizado, houve predominância de hiperplasia prostática benigna (H.P.B) (56%) e prostatites (54%), enquanto no grupo orquiectomizado, destacaram-se hipoplasia (52%) e prostatite (54%). A incidência de múltiplas alterações histopatológicas foi observada em 60% e 70% dos grupos, respectivamente. Notavelmente, em cães orquiectomizados acima de 7 anos, nenhum tecido prostático normal foi encontrado. Conclui-se que a orquiectomia tardia não impacta significativamente nas patologias prostáticas, indicando dependência hormonal em seu desenvolvimento. A idade, contudo, é crucial, visto que lesões glandulares foram prevalentes em animais com mais de 7 anos, enfatizando sua relevância na patologia prostática.
Present and Future Applications of Robotics and Automations in Agriculture
Authors: Ali-Кhusein  , Urquhart
Published: December 2023

The significance of agriculture lies in its role in ensuring the sustenance of the human population through the production of essential resources such as food, feed, and fiber. Precision agriculture is employed to effectively administer appropriate treatments at the correct location and time in order to attain agricultural output that is characterized by low input, high efficiency, and long-term sustainability. The primary objective of precision agriculture is to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Precision agriculture, an agricultural approach that leverages advanced technologies such as robotics and automation, is predominantly employed to enhance the efficiency and precision of farm management practices. The utilization of mobile robots in agricultural activities, such as harvesting, spraying, inspection, and planting, has been extensively investigated and researched in the past few decades. This study investigates the rapid increase in the utilization of automation and robots in the agricultural sector over the past five years. In this study, we categorize the latest applications into four distinct groups, each representing a specific range of activities conducted during the entire process of planting management, starting from the initial sowing stage and concluding with the final harvest. In the final section of the paper, an analysis of various challenges and suggestions is provided to underscore potential opportunities and enhancements in the advancement of an effective robotic and autonomous system for agricultural purposes.
Literature Review of Qualitative Data with Natural Language Processing
Authors: Epoka Bukuroshe Elira
Published: December 2023

Qualitative research techniques are frequently employed by scholars in the field of social sciences when investigating communities and their communication media. The proliferation of computer-mediated communications has resulted in a substantial volume of textual content. However, the process of coding this vast amount of information necessitates significant time and effort. This article examines the potential for automating specific elements of content analysis through the utilization of natural language processing (NLP) systems, which analyze text in human languages, with a focus on extracting theoretical evidence. In this study, we present a case analysis utilizing NLP to examine the effectiveness of NLP rules in qualitative analysis. Our findings indicate that the NLP rules demonstrated strong performance across multiple codes. The utilization of a NLP system in its current developmental stage has the potential to significantly minimize the text volume, which has to be evaluated using the human coder. This reduction could potentially result in a substantial increase in coding speed, potentially by a factor of ten or more. The research is considered groundbreaking as it pioneers the application of advanced NLP approach to evaluate qualitative data, making it one of the earliest studies in this domain.
Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Aircraft Maintenance and Flight Data Analysis
Authors: Helgo Malene
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms in the aviation industry, with a specific emphasis on aircraft diagnosis/prognosis, predictive maintenance, feature selection, and flight data monitoring (FDM). This study highlights the potential use of these algorithms in enhancing the efficacy and effectiveness of various aircraft operations. In the field of aviation prognosis and diagnosis, many designs have been acknowledged as efficient for defect identification, calculation of remaining usable life, and prediction of excessive vibration in aero-engines. The architectural models discussed in this paper include deep autoencoders, deep belief networks, long short-term memory networks, and convolutional neural networks. The use of feature selection and scalar feature selection methodologies has been seen to augment the efficacy of FDM (Feature Detection and Matching) algorithms by means of identifying noteworthy features and detecting highly linked features. The application of machine learning algorithms in the domain of predictive maintenance enables real-time assessment of equipment health, hence reducing possible hazards and improving overall equipment performance. The research results emphasize the importance of flight data monitoring in improving safety and operational efficiency in the field of civil aviation. The application of machine learning approaches, namely classification algorithms, facilitates the analysis of flight data for the aim of identifying unsafe behaviors or violations from established operational standards.
La publicación científica en ciencias forenses para fortalecer la aplicación de justicia
Authors: Matamoros Mireya
Published: December 2023

Tradicionalmente la evidencia forense se considera como piedra angular en las investigaciones para establecer los hechos y respaldar litigios civiles o penales. En algunos casos y dependiendo de la jurisdicción, se ha considerado infalible. Bajo la premisa de lo científico, las interpretaciones y conclusiones de los expertos forenses en muchas ocasiones se aceptan como equivalentes a un hecho, y los tribunales confían en estas y las incorporan como elementos preponderantes para tomar decisiones objetivas en su búsqueda de justicia.