bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing the emotions of childhood: an analysis of Margaret Mahy’s use of emotion in her literary contribution to the School Journal
Authors:   , Helleur Hiscock Gemma Amy
Published: November 2021

This qualitative content analysis research study examines how Margaret Mahy used emotion in the School Journal to form insights into reader appeal, reader response and the social construction of childhood. This research study examines Mahy’s contribution to the School Journal. The study explores this body of work in terms of how its author uses emotion to captivate readers by evoking the feelings associated with childhood. The underlying objective of the study was to provide insights into why Mahy’s work is so treasured and memorable; to explain how she uses emotion to captivate readers, and how this contributes to the social construction of childhood. The prose and poetry Mahy contributed to the School Journal prove to be a significant, rich and uncharted resource for the purposes of this research investigation. Analysis of this body of work has allowed for greater insights and understanding into Mahy’s contribution to children’s literature. It has also allowed for a greater appreciation of how Mahy’s use of emotion contributes to the social construction of childhood. This type of content analysis research study proves to be invaluable in the development of reader’s advisory services to young people. The employment of a content analysis methodology, underpinned by a discourse analysis approach, enabled the emotional narratives of Mahy’s text to be explained and understood. The study’s findings, that lightness and aliveness are the most prevalent and persuasive emotions operating within Mahy’s text, was substantiated through analysis of actual reader responses. This investigation is most applicable to school librarians, children’s librarians and educators. The study has broader implications for the improvement of client interaction and collection development in youth library services
Recordkeeping in council-controlled organisations: An investigation into local body involvement and the implementation of formal recordkeeping programmes
Authors:   , King Vanessa
Published: November 2021

In New Zealand council--‐controlled organisations (CCOs) play an important role in the conduct of local government’s affairs, and in recognition of this they are subject to the Public Records Act 2005. The purpose of the study is to investigate the extent to which local bodies are involved in CCO recordkeeping programmes, the motivations for and barriers to their involvement, and whether formal recordkeeping programmes are being implemented in CCOs. The study used an online questionnaire to collect data from CCOs and staff overseeing recordkeeping in local bodies. The results show that though some local bodies take part in CCO recordkeeping programmes, involvement is often occasional and not necessarily grounded in a formal agreement. In some cases perceptions about the status of CCOs apparently drive involvement, while a lack of guidance, decision--‐making and resources can inhibit participation. Small CCOs in the completed sample did not show strong signs of having implemented formal recordkeeping programmes, but due to the response rate this finding cannot be generalised to all CCOs. The study brings attention to previously undocumented issues with CCO recordkeeping, and presents the case that CCOs and local body recordkeepers are in need of appropriate advisory support. There is still much that is unknown about CCOs’ attitudes to toward their legal recordkeeping obligations, the barriers they face to implementing formal recordkeeping programmes, and the assistance they require.
The Great Communicators and political reconstruction: A comparative study between President Ronald Reagan and President Barack Obama
Authors:   , Warren Micheal D.
Published: November 2021

Presidents come into office wanting to make America a better place, and Stephen Skowronek’s recurring model of presidential authority is perfectly suited when comparing one president to another, across political time. President Ronald Reagan was categorised as a reconstructive president alongside Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D Roosevelt, according to Skowronek’s model; at the end of his first term, President Obama’s has the potential to be remembered as the sixth president of reconstruction. While the nature of reconstruction has changed and has become more superficial with the ageing of the United States political system, Obama’s reconstructive potential is no less potent than that of Jefferson, Jackson and Lincoln.  The passing of Health Care reform is Obama’s biggest achievement of his presidency to date and is one of the biggest domestic reforms undertaken since the 1960s. Looking ahead to Obama’s second term, further progress looks possible to enhance his reconstructive potential. If Obama can secure immigration reform, then he will give 12 million illegal immigrants the chance to come out from the shadows and work toward residency and legally live the American dream.  With the election and re-election of Obama by an emerging majority made up of women, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and young Americans, the Age of Reagan that existed, has now been replaced by a more diverse coalition. If a democrat can win the White House in 2016, it will truly mean that the Age of Obama has begun.  Obama’s most potent legacy will become more evident in the years to come as many Americans will not remember what the unemployment rate was when he assumed office or what it was when he left office. The partisan bickering that dominated for much of Obama’s first term will have faded into distant memory, but what will shine through from the Obama presidency is opportunity. Americans will never forget how Obama changed the limits of possibility for generations to come. Today there are ten year old African-American, Hispanic and Asian-American children all over the United States who believe that, because of the Obama presidency, they too can one day become president. That in itself is hugely reconstructive and by being elected President, Obama has achieved something more potent than any other reconstructive presidents could have ever achieved.
Processors and Processes: Exploring Computational Design and Landscape Architecture
Authors:   , Belesky Philip
Published: November 2021

The computer can be a highly efficient drafting table. It can also be much more. Architects can use programming to engage with the computer on its own terms, and in doing so gain a better understanding of complex geometric, structural, or conceptual design scenarios. This ‘computational approach’ to design is increasingly common in architecture, but comparatively rare within landscape architecture. In this thesis I examine how and why landscape architects might employ computational design. I start by reviewing the work of computational architects and landscape urbanists. I identify that both emphasize diagrammatic and processual strategies as a means to confront complexity and indeterminism within the design process. However, this conceptual overlap masks a technological divergence, as computational tools are presently ill-suited to the needs of landscape architects. Their focus should be shifted away from formal exploration and towards the analysis, simulation, and generation of landscape systems. Doing so would offer landscape architects new forms of representation that would overcome some of the current limitations within their design process. To test this proposition, I create a series of generative tools, or ‘patterns’, that use computational techniques to model ecological systems. This pattern-based approach introduces a methodology that improves the accessibility and flexibility of computational design. These patterns are applied in tandem with standard computational techniques to create a concept design for a post-industrial landscape. Through this research I identify computation as a powerful tool for designing landscapes. The conceptual and technical methodologies it offers enable landscape architects to better understand and explore open-ended and indeterminate systems. Computation offers a novel opportunity to combine conceptual openness and technical rigour when designing complex landscapes.
New Zealand Secondary School Teachers' Perceptions and Practices Toward Curriculum Integration
Authors:   , Arrowsmith Susan
Published: November 2021

Curriculum integration is an approach that aims to integrate teaching across traditional subject boundaries. Curriculum integration has received a growing level of interest in recent years in New Zealand, even from secondary schools that up until now have largely retained disciplinary boundaries. However, in spite of this recent popularity, curriculum integration remains a contested concept in terms of its definition, theoretical grounding, and practice, and we still know very little about how and why teachers are enacting this idea.  This study investigated New Zealand secondary school teachers’ perceptions and practices pertaining to curriculum integration. Participants included 25 teachers and senior managers from four New Zealand secondary schools currently employing curriculum integration. A collective case study design was utilised, gathering qualitative data through focus group sessions, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The data was analysed thematically.  The findings indicated that teachers’ theoretical understanding of integration was limited, and that most of the programmes were pragmatically founded. Factors that appeared to enhance the success of curriculum integration were the historical roots, whether the programme was initiated by teachers or senior managers, the type and degree of integration employed, if the programme ran as a special curriculum or across the whole school, the level of support received, and the timing of the programmes.  It was apparent that whilst curriculum integration has been advocated by the New Zealand Curriculum, there are still many challenges for secondary schools wishing to employ it. If this is indeed an area of future growth, then the Ministry of Education have a responsibility to provide a clear definition of, and professional development for, curriculum integration. This would help to strengthen the progressive, integrated curriculum espoused in the New Zealand Curriculum so that it is on far less shaky ground than at present.
A Conversation Analytic Study of Laughter in Psychotherapy
Authors:   , Pomeroy Lani
Published: November 2021

This thesis is an investigation into laughter in psychotherapeutic interactions. Conversation analysis was the method used to analyse laughter practices by client and therapist that aid in the business of psychotherapy. Analysing naturally occurring talk is important as it reveals how actions are accomplished, as some past studies on laughter in psychotherapy rely on anecdotal evidence and categorical analysis. Additionally, past psychological literature on laughter can view the phenomenon of laughter as random, and as a by-product of humour. An assumption of conversation analysis is the view of talk being systematic and organised. There is no detail too small that it does not contribute to an interaction (Jefferson, 1985). With this viewpoint in mind conversation analysts have revealed laughter to be an orderly phenomenon that is capable of other actions in talk besides appreciating humour. However, there is a lack of conversation analytical work in laughter during therapy; a gap this thesis sought to address. In particular there were two research questions. If laughter does not have the sole role of appreciating humour, what can it do in psychotherapy? Additionally, past studies in psychotherapy have linked laughter to affiliation in therapy sessions, but do not illustrate the specific sequence of how rapport is achieved in the interaction itself. Psychotherapy can be known as the „talking cure‟ (Perakyla, Antaki, Vehvilainen, & Leudar, 2008), thus, the second question is how does laughter display affiliation in therapeutic talk? Using the fundamental literature of conversation analysis there were two findings regarding laughter in psychotherapy found in this thesis. Firstly, clients would laugh responsively to an action of therapeutic import, the laughter functioned as a marker of dis-preference and an invitation for the therapist to laugh. The therapist would dis-attend the client‟s laughter in order to prompt talk which progressed the therapy from the client. Secondly, therapist could affiliate with the client by display a shared stance towards a matter spoken of by the client. During or after these displays the therapist invited laughter from the client so that the two could laugh together in a further display of shared emotional alignment. These results expanded conversation analytical work on laughter regarding laughter invitations (Jefferson, 1979) and work on psychotherapeutic interactions regarding the prompting of talk (Muntigl, & Hadic Zabala, 2008). The findings also provide empirical evidence for how therapists affiliate with their clients using laughter at the micro-analytical level. The findings of this thesis contribute to psychological, conversation analytical, and psychotherapeutic knowledge on laughter.
Do task instructions influence readers' topic beliefs, topic belief justifications, and task interest? A mixed methods study
Authors:   , Sparks Phillip Charles
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate whether task instructions influence readers’ topic beliefs, topic belief justifications, and task interest. Year 10 high school students completed a topic beliefs scale about a controversial topic (i.e., whether a prominent transportation tunnel should be widened) and provided a written justification of their beliefs. Then they were randomly assigned to one of four pre-reading task instruction conditions before reading a text that presented arguments that supported and opposed the widening of the tunnel. The first condition received rationale instructions, which provided an explanation as to why putting forth effort during the reading activity was useful and worthwhile. The second condition received evidence instructions, which directed readers to focus on the evidence supporting each argument in the text. The third condition received both evidence and rationale instructions. The fourth condition, the control condition, was asked to read for a general purpose. After reading, participants again completed the topic beliefs scale and topic belief justification. Experimental results showed that task instructions affected topic beliefs and topic belief justifications, but did not affect task interest. More specifically, participants who received evidence instructions moderated their beliefs after reading, and participants in the evidence condition and rationale condition included more opposing arguments in their topic belief justifications after reading. The interview data indicated that task instructions influenced readers’ goals and the strategies they used to meet those goals. The data sets were complementary: the quantitative data indicated differences in topic beliefs and topic belief justifications and the qualitative data allowed us to interpret why these differences occurred. Some students displayed belief-reflection, whereas others displayed belief-protection. Results are discussed and implications are provided.
"It's a... does it matter?": Theorising "boy or girl" binary classifications, intersexuality and medical practice in New Zealand
Authors:   , Christmas Geraldine
Published: November 2021

This thesis investigates the clinical management of intersexuality in New Zealand and support for intersex New Zealanders and their families. My research is informed by the narratives of New Zealanders with intersex conditions, parents of children with intersex conditions, registered nurses, specialist clinicians, representatives from community/support organisations and a former member of parliament. This thesis also investigates medical teaching in New Zealand: not only about intersex anatomy but two key issues which shape society – gender and sexuality. Feminist, postmodern and queer theorising about these issues also inform this thesis in relation to traditional assumptions about gender and sexuality, and medical recommendations for sex assignment and rearing. Historical accounts of societal attitudes and medical thinking towards sex classification, sexuality and intersexuality also inform this thesis.  Despite New Zealand's reputation as an egalitarian democracy, my findings show that judgemental attitudes towards difference still exist in parts of New Zealand society. This is discussed with reference to poststructuralist and oral history theorising about societal power structures and research on sensitive topics. Undertaking research in New Zealand, on what can be regarded as a sensitive topic, can be difficult in terms of maintaining confidentiality in a small population.  The implications of practising medicine in New Zealand are highlighted as, due to its smaller population, the number of intersex individuals coming to clinicians' attention is small compared to some other countries. From my findings, it appears that specialist clinicians and medical schools in New Zealand rely on medical models from other countries with larger populations, which have a greater number of babies born with intersex conditions and consequently more specialised medical practice and education. The narratives of intersex people and their parents also highlight the implications of living in a smaller population. This is not only with regard to medical experiences (such as hospitals which often have little experience of intersex issues), but also societal prejudices and judgements towards lesser known variations of sexual anatomy.
Discourses of Vulnerability: Kiribati, I-Kiribati Women and Forced Migration Due to Climate Change
Authors:   , Mansfield Holly
Published: November 2021

Discourses of vulnerability abound in climate change literature; both particular types of places and particular groups of people are routinely considered especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Such discourses are employed by the international community in a technical manner—attempting to categorise current and expected degrees of impact on places and populations—and also to support the advocacy of urgent action to respond to climate change. This thesis examines the manner in which discourses of vulnerability are being invoked in discussions about the impacts of climate change and considers what impact this has on the people and places that are being described in this way. This research focuses specifically on Kiribati and I-Kiribati women and explores, in particular, how the debate about forced migration (as a possible outcome of climate change) has been shaped by vulnerability discourses. Both Kiribati, as a specific type of geographical entity, and women, as a category of people, have been described as having extreme vulnerability to climate change. It is not new for either Pacific Islands or women to be framed as “vulnerable”; however with the increased attention to climate change, vulnerability discourses are being used with such frequency that it is virtually impossible to find literature on the Pacific and women that does not reference their vulnerability. The use of such an emotive term raises questions. Who is naming and claiming vulnerability? What impact does such language have on those that are portrayed in this way? And, what are the long-term consequences of such terminology being used? Interesting questions are also raised regarding discursive similarities between presentations of vulnerable women and vulnerable islands. This thesis addresses these questions by analysing international literature on climate change and forced migration—especially that produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—between 1990 and 2007, and contrasting this with close analysis of public discourse from two vocal I-Kiribati advocates, Pelenise Alofa and Maria Tiimon, from 2009 to 2011. Conclusions are drawn from this analysis regarding the power relationships embedded in discourse, and the possible ramifications of language use for the construction of policy.
An Integrated Framework for Professional Ethical Thinking in Child Clinical Psychology
Authors:   , Hardley Jessica
Published: November 2021

Practitioners face a number of unique challenges in child clinical psychology, particularly around areas such as competency, consent, confidentiality, and the balance of obligations towards the child or young person and their legal guardians. Resorting to ethical codes of practice to try and deal with these ethical dilemmas often fails to resolve the problem adequately, or leads to ‘moral blindness’ in which other ethical issues are ignored (Ward & Syversen, 2009). In order to provide a more complete ethical guideline for practitioners to consult when faced with ethical quandaries, I have created the Integrated Framework for Professional Ethical Thinking (IFPET) that is specifically tailored towards child and adolescent clinical psychology. The IFPET model provides a multi-faceted approach to ethical thinking that widens moral reasoning and awareness and promotes a more complete approach towards dealing with ethical issues in child and adolescent clinical psychology.
Research Topics in Empirical Processes
Authors:   , Ball Christopher
Published: November 2021

The first chapter consists of an overview of the theory of empirical processes, covering an introduction to empirical processes in R, uniform empirical processes and function parametric empirical processes in Section 1.1. Section 1.2 contains an overview of the theory related to the law of the iterated logarithm for Brownian motion and the modulus of continuity for Brownian motion. Section 1.3 contains the theory of the limiting processes for the empirical process, most importantly Brownian motion, Brownian bridge and the connections and relationships between them, with distributions of selected statistics of Brownian motion and Brownian bridge derived from reflection principles. Section 1.4 contains an overview of the theory required to prove central limit results for the empirical processes, covering the theory of the space C and Donsker’s theorem.  The second chapter covers research topics, starting with Fourier analysis of mixture distributions and associated theory in Section 2.1. Section 2.2 covers findings in a research problem about non-linear autoregressive processes. Section 2.3 introduces a martingale approach to testing a regression model. Section 2.4 links the theory of ranks and sequential ranks to the theory of empirical processes.
An Investigation into the Attitudes of Archivists towards the Use of Social Media at Archives New Zealand
Authors:   , Johnston Leah
Published: November 2021

Research problem: The purpose of this case study was to identify the attitudes of reference archivists at Archives New Zealand towards the use of social media. Analysis of the results aimed to determine whether attitudes expressed were affecting the organization’s current use of social media. Methodology: Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes of attitudes expressed by the archivists during semi-structured interviews. In turn content analysis was undertaken to determine Archives New Zealand’s current use of social media. Results: Analysis of the data showed that archivists were able to see the opportunities that the use of social media could bring. Although some concerns were expressed the overall impression given that it would be used in future but first a strategic plan need be put in place. Implications: Although results provide some insight, as a relatively small study it would be beneficial for further research to be undertaken. Additionally, a similar study of user attitudes would provide a more balanced view of the use of social media at Archives New Zealand.
Te Pikinga O Tōku Tuakiri: The ascent of self-identity
Authors:   , Pia Ariana
Published: November 2021

This research questions whether considering Māori concepts of architecture and space within the design of New Zealand prisons can help in the rehabilitation process of inmates of Māori descent.   First, the general concept of prison architecture will be researched. The panopticon as a general diagram as well as specific case studies will frame an understanding of the characteristics of prison architecture in the western sphere. A specific attention to interior architecture will be established.  Second, the link between cultural experience and rehabilitation will be distinguished primarily through analysis of Māori Focus Units.  Third, the notions of Māori perception and understanding of architectural space will be explored in a general context. More particularly, characteristics of interior architecture will be researched.  Fourth, a site will be selected to reflect the contentious issues of incarceration of the Māori population. Matiu/Somes Island, located in the Wellington harbour, is a reflection of historical Māori culture and lifestyles that form a base of beliefs and mythology that modern Māori can identify with. The island itself is a provocation due to its history of incarceration.  This thesis is of interior architecture; hence the design will be developed within the constraints of a given architectural envelope. While this is an assumed position, the interior architecture will challenge the given envelope and its contextual site. As a consequence, further interventions into the landscape and the architecture will be developed to sustain the interior architecture here developed.  It is anticipated that this research will therefore support the idea that interior architecture of New Zealand prisons must be developed as an integral part of a holistic spatial intervention in view of supporting the rehabilitation process of Māori inmates.
'Pākēhā Librarianship at the Interface': Being an ally in Māori student success through teaching and learning information literacies
Authors:   , Ritchie Alexander J. R.
Published: November 2021

Research problem: Emerging from significant bicultural change within Aotearoa New Zealand libraries in the past 25 years, this research examines and attempts to implement an relationshipbased, culturally relevant approach to teaching and learning information literacy in an academic library, building on an approach outline by Roy, Lilley and Luehrsen (2011). Methodology: This exploratory study employed an action research methodology and was conducted within the Division of Sciences at Otago University. It sought to consult Māori staff and senior postgraduates, and then develop a teaching intervention for undergraduate Māori science students, then evaluate it with them. Weaving a research framework incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, Research at the Interface, & Pākēhā as Ally of Tino Rangatiratanga, it was planned in three stages; observe & plan; act; and evaluate. Results: Only the initial stage was able to be carried out due to time constraints.Preliminary findings cover six main themes addressing student support and information literacy teaching with undergraduate Māori science students, including: the challenges of 'crossing the library threshold' and sustaining student engagement, developing ongoing relationships of integrity and reciprocity in the library, holistic student development and recognising student diversity, and finally culturally-relevant teaching for effective learning. Reflections on researching as pākēhā with Māori staff and students at in university context, and noted the importance of timing and place in supporting Māori students, and the need for relationships of integrity and mutual respect enabled by ongoing communication. Implications: Academic libraries can improve support for Māori student success at University, and pākehā librarians must take a role supporting this work. Culturally-relevant models of teaching and learning information literacy, combined with attention to developing relationships of trust, reciprocity and mutual respect, may improve Māori student success and support development of both library staff and relevant, effective library services. Future research could examine the use of storytelling and song in 'interface' information literacies teaching and learning as well as investigating mixed methods evaluation of this approach, and explore cross-cultural rituals of encounter in the library.
Digital library services: perceptions and expectations of user communities and librarians in a New Zealand academic library
Authors:   , Xia Wei
Published: November 2021

Digital services provided on demand by academic libraries offer simple and fast access to collections and services tailored to users' information needs from anywhere in the world through computer networks in an online environment. This case study was conducted at the Victoria University of Wellington Library. It has investigated the extent of and reasons for different perceptions and expectations relating to digital services between different user communities, and between users and librarians. The research, which sheds light on the users' satisfaction of the digital services, follows Taylor's (1986) user-centered and value-added theories, and Parasuraman's (1988) Gap Model. In addition, some evaluation indicators used in this research were also extracted and revised from some previous evaluation models (e.g., SERQUAL). Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this research. Questionnaire surveys collected data on the perceptions and expectations of the digital services from the perspectives of undergraduates, postgraduates, academic staff and librarians individually. The comparative results from the survey data identified variations of perceptions and expectations between users communities, and between users and librarians. Issues raised in the questionnaires were explored in more depth through follow-up interviews with librarians. The research concluded with a range of recommendations for ways to improve the digital services offered by the VUW Library with a view to helping the Library meet the information needs of its user communities.
Regenerative Architecture: An Application of Regionalist Sustainability in New Zealand Dairy Farming Practice
Authors:   , Whitehead Jacob
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade the New Zealand dairy industry has undergone unparalleled expansion in the agricultural sector. The influence of globalised market competition, beginning in 1985, has resulted in significant changes to the operation and scale of production of New Zealand farm conditions. With this, there have been a series of changes to the physical form of farming in New Zealand - most notably in a shift towards larger and more intensive practice. The term 'factory farming' has taken a unique and contextual evolution within these conditions, leading to questions of sustainability. Sustainability in this setting is often defined by production growth and trade conditions before more humanistic issues of social and ecological welfare.   Similar to the competing perspectives of New Zealand dairy farm sustainability, the discipline of architecture faces a wide and complex field of approaches to sustainable practice. The views of researcher, Steven Moore, are focused on in this study with regard to the contested definitions of architectural sustainability. He advocates a regionalist approach in the belief that sustainability is better defined by local circumstance than a universal best approach. Moore's theory of non-modem regionalism and regenerative architecture are utilised in this thesis as a means of questioning the issues faced in New Zealand dairy farm sustainability. This study applies Moore's concept of a regenerative architecture in New Zealand dairy farming to cultivate improved social and ecological conditions.  The architectural consequence of this discussion is in the form of a future mixed-use prototype for Canterbury dairy farming practice. This design explores the relationship between architecture, place and regionalist concepts of sustainability to improve the social and ecological attributes of this cultural setting. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to toward environmentally and socially sustainable dairy farming practices the design produces an integrated system that identifies with Moore's regenerative strategy. The study concludes that further architectural investigations into this setting could potentially influence and improve the future health and sustainability of the industry.
'At the heart of the matter': A comparative analysis of youth justice transformation between New Zealand and South Africa
Authors:   , Shearar Ashley
Published: November 2021

During the mid-1980s, Māori families challenged New Zealand’s social welfare system, reclaiming their right to be involved in decisions about their children. Around the same time, parents and community groups protested the detention of hundreds of children in South Africa during the Apartheid era. These experiences helped shape both countries’ youth justice systems, which reflect restorative justice principles and international standards for children’s rights.  The research reported here is the first in-depth comparative analysis to compare New Zealand and South Africa’s journeys to alter their youth justice systems. It asks the following key questions:  ∙ What were the key conceptual influences that shaped youth justice transformation in New Zealand and South Africa? ∙ What do both countries’ experiences of youth justice transformation reveal about the role of individuals, advocacy coalitions, and international influences in shaping policy and practice?  Using a phenomenological research approach, key role players from both countries were interviewed. These interviews discovered that social entrepreneurial factors gave direction to policy outcomes. All participants described their commitment to changing the status quo following their exposure to the inhumane conditions experienced by children and young people in conflict with the law. This prompted them to promote policies that diverted children from the justice system and prevented re-offending while still holding children to account for their behaviour and encouraging them to repair the harm. The participants explained their motivation to find policy solutions that empowered children, families, and victims. In both countries, social entrepreneurs resisted opposition and joined forces to develop convincing arguments for their position. This research confirmed the advantages of government support to advance social entrepreneurial ventures.  Policy transfer was also found to play a role in the change processes in both countries. This study identifies how both New Zealand and South Africa have lent their policies internationally to contribute to practical youth justice changes in countries seeking to adhere to international standards and to incorporate restorative justice principles. Significant contributions include New Zealand’s family group conference, which has inspired several jurisdictions, as well as South Africa’s diversion programmes, which have particularly benefitted other African countries.
Preoperative fluid management of the older adult patient with hip fracture
Authors:   , Ward Victoria Carolyn
Published: November 2021

Background While recommendations about the preoperative fluid management of the older adult hip fracture patient have been produced the evidence relating to postoperative outcomes is scant.  Aim The aim of this study is, therefore, to explore the relationships between preoperative fluid management (PFM) - defined as timing to start of fluids (oral or intravenous) after admission, preoperative oral fluid rate, and timing of last preoperative oral fluids – and postoperative outcomes - defined as change in renal function (creatinine and GFR), new reported postoperative confusion, timing of discontinuation of postoperative intravenous fluids (IV), and length of stay (LOS).  Method This observational study looked at 100 consecutive older adult patients admitted to a tertiary New Zealand hospital with traumatic hip fracture between March and September, 2012. Data was gathered regarding cohort demographics and in hospital events, including surgical details, alongside PFM and postoperative outcomes. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, independent t-tests, tests of equality, and multiple logistic regression were utilised to ascertain relationships between variables.  Results Characteristics of the perioperative journey of 100 consecutive patients, with mean age of 85.2 yr (SD 6.6) and predominantly female (70%), presenting to CCDHB with a fragility hip fracture were itemised. High rates of co-morbidities were observed in this group, with 92% of patients having cardiac, pulmonary, vascular or renal co-morbidities, but with a mortality rate (2%) much lower than the literature would suggest might be expected. There was no substantiated statistically significant relationships observed between preoperative fluid management in this cohort and postoperative outcomes, but this may reflect limited power in this study.  Conclusion These results provide useful data for planning services with regards management of the older adult hip fracture patient at CCDHB. In addition, the study has highlighted a number of clinical guidelines that might be more effectively promoted.
Approaches to the Performance of Musical and Extra-Musical References in Shostakovich’s Viola Sonata
Authors:   , Roxburgh John David
Published: November 2021

This paper is an examination of Shostakovich’s Viola Sonata, op. 147, for developing a stylistically informed performance practice. It is divided into three parts: The first is an investigation of symbolism present within the work itself; the second a comparative analysis of recordings; and the third a discussion of how the author uses these approaches to make performance decisions. The first aspect looks to the score itself to identify quotations of and allusions to other works, and considers the reasoning for this. The second analyses string choice and tempo of recordings to consider how these might reflect symbolic considerations. The third part discusses specific performance decisions, and the reasons on which they are based.
Indonesia’s National Role Conceptions: Continuity Amidst Regional Change
Authors:   , Borchers Henning
Published: November 2021

This thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy in view of role conceptions held by the country's policy and intellectual community and their impact on policy behaviour at the ASEAN level. These role conceptions capture the ways decision-makers perceive Indonesia’s standing and influence in the region and beyond and include the country’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy doctrine as well as widely held views of the country being a model democracy, a mediator and – increasingly – key actor in regional and global affairs. The research draws attention to how these notions shape Jakarta’s role in ASEAN Community-building and security regionalism. It focuses on a range of initiatives that emphasise ASEAN’s ‘liberal agenda’, including the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN’s approach to conflict resolution and the promotion and protection of human rights. In so doing, it critically reflects on Indonesia’s domestic performance, which stands in at times stark contrast to its agenda on the international stage. I argue that Indonesia’s commitment to promoting liberal norms and values in regional affairs is predominantly instrumental as it aims at consolidating ASEAN cohesion vis-à-vis the influence of external powers in order to advance the country’s regional leadership ambitions and desire to play a more active role at the global level.
Universal Service in Telecommunications: A Case Study of New Zealand and Vietnam Legal and Institutional Frameworks, with Proposals for Reform in Vietnam
Authors:   , Vo Lam Thanh
Published: November 2021

This thesis examines models for the delivery of telecommunications universal services in Vietnam and New Zealand. The focus is on identifying obstacles to effective and economically efficient performance of services delivery in Vietnam, and proposing solutions for substantial improvements to legal frameworks and institutional structures. The central argument of the thesis is that the universal service scheme in Vietnam and the supporting laws and agencies responsible for implementation of the scheme need to be improved in order to contribute to the achievement of social targets.  The universal service funding mechanism in Vietnam, including the allocation of industry levies and subsidies, is not linked to real costs, nor is it efficient. The laws and legal instruments governing the universal service scheme are incomplete and in parts contradictory. Moreover, the institutional structures reflect diffuse and duplicated accountability among the authorities involved, lack of transparency, and insufficient external monitoring mechanisms. Performance information systems and involvement of the public and stakeholders are also insufficient.  The insufficiencies in the Vietnamese structure are illustrated in the thesis by comparing them to the key elements of a best practice model. They are also compared with elements of the New Zealand model that reflect features closer to the best practice: transparency, effective monitoring and performance accountability. These features serve as a basis for the principal proposals for improvements to the legal framework and institutional structures in Vietnam and for economically efficient and competitive funding arrangements.
Transcending Borders: The Evolution of the Refugee Diaspora in ‘Bounded’ and ‘Moebius ’ Space
Authors:   , Slater Andrew Duncan
Published: November 2021

The emergence of ‘transnational refugee theory’ and the rubric of the ‘refugee diaspora’ have reignited refugee studies, and elicited an exciting theoretical vantage-point from which to explore refugee communities. This paper seeks to disentangle the core precepts of transnational refugee theory and, drawing upon compelling empirical evidence strengthen our understanding of the dynamic interaction between the refugee diaspora and the environment within which it evolves – in particular how the entrenched international refugee regime ontology impacts directly the effective functioning of the refugee community.  Echoing Giddens’ Structuration Theory, what is proposed is that the refugee community exists within a ‘middle space’ – a synthesis of endogenous and exogenous factors that together establish the ‘boundaries’ that shape the diaspora space, and ultimately support or undermine the activities of those communities located within it. Accordingly, a refugee ‘middle space model’ is outlined, which defines a core set of economic, political and socio-cultural activities, and the endogenous and exogenous factors that shape their realisation in situ.  This theoretical construct is applied to two case studies. Firstly, the ‘bounded’ space of Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya is shown to not only disregard but also actively undermine the transnational character of refugee displacement. Moreover, while the refugee community remains active in circumventing these boundaries, there remains an inherent ambiguity in this transnational activism, giving rise to a perversion or ‘transmutation’ of the bounded refugee space. In stark contrast, the Free Movement Protocols of the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS) are establishing a fluid ‘moebius’ space that both acknowledges and facilitates the transnational foundations of the refugee diaspora – as both a ‘bottom-up’ (endogenous) and ‘top-down’ (exogenous) process. However, the nascent UNHCR-ECOWAS partnership remains mired in an incoherent demarcation of responsibilities and a dearth of cohesive regional processes.  Notwithstanding these limitations, the moebius middle space clearly offers an invigorating alternative to the prevailing UNHCR containment model – providing a truly ‘durable solution’ for those transnational communities dispersed across the refugee diaspora.
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - Twenty Years of Providing Free Plants in An Urban New Zealand Setting: What Affects Community Participation and Planting Success?
Authors:   , Berentson Paul
Published: November 2021

An urban greening programme in Wellington, New Zealand providing free plants to city residents was evaluated with the following objectives:  1. To assess the levels of plant survival after five, ten, and fifteen years and determine factors contributing to observed survival; 2. To investigate factors influencing participation in the programme; 3. To quantify the some of the socioeconomic factors relating to programme participants and environmental factors relating to sites.  Data were collected from a combination of council records, site surveys and postal questionnaire surveys. The study found that plant survival was generally poor, but was mainly influenced by indigeneity of the plants. Contrary to many theories of exotic invasiveness, New Zealand native plants were 4.3 times more likely to survive than exotic plants. Site based effects were not found to influence survival significantly; nor were specific plant traits, or year of planting. A small sample of these sites was matched to questionnaire responses and it was found that length of residence by programme participants increased the performance of the best model indigeneity, indicating that increasing length of residence was a predictor of better survival of plantings. The questionnaire respondents included both those who had participated in the programme and those who had not. The sample population, however, was quite distinct from the general population of the region, being older, wealthier, having higher levels of education, and twice as likely to own their own home. As suggested by previous research looking at the effects of socioeconomic factors on urban forestry or urban greening participation was shown in this study to be mainly affected by the age of the respondent, which increased the odds of participation by 200% between the youngest and oldest age groups. This socioeconomic model was improved when two factors were included: the number of trees outside their property, and, horticultural knowledge of the participant. This indicates that participants might be more motivated by personal interest in horticulture, than in improving environmental conditions.
Tubular Daylighting Devices and People: A comparison of the human responses to Tubular Daylighting Devices and fluorescent lighting
Authors:   , Sullivan James
Published: November 2021

Tubular Daylighting Devices are used to bring daylight into deep-plan spaces, and meet sustainability goals. However, they are expensive, and justification for their use lies in hypothesised benefits they can provide in areas such as well-being and productivity. Yet, there is very little research into the effects of Tubular Daylighting Devices. The broader daylighting literature suggests that benefits to satisfaction, mood, and performance are possible — though research into the benefits of daylight is still not conclusive.  Therefore, a before and after study was carried out in a windowless computer room in the university to compare how the students responded under TDDs versus typical electric lighting. Their cognitive performance, change in mood, average sleepiness, and perceptions of the room and lighting were measured.  TDDs significantly increased ratings of room attractiveness and brightness, and had no more perceived glare than the electric lighting. Ratings of lighting quality were on a par with both typical electric lighting and good modern lighting. They were also just as effective on overcast days as sunny. No effects were found on performance or sleepiness, and mood results were inconclusive.  Overall, it is suggested that TDDs can be considered to be on a par with good modern lighting, and superior to typical existing lighting. Note, however, that it is possible that effects in rooms with windows could differ from those found here. Further research should use longer exposures and larger sample sizes if they wish to find performance effects.