bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response to a Fire Incident in the Operation Room: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Sharma Raman , Kumar Ashok , Koushal Vipin
Published: July 2019

Health care facilities are always seen as places of haven and protection for managing external incidents, but situations become difficult and challenging when such facilities themselves are affected by internal hazards. Such incidents are arguably more disruptive than external incidents, because patients are dependent on supportive measures and are neither in position to respond to such crisis situation nor do they know how to respond. Operating room fires are rare but potentially catastrophic, involving loss of costly resources and possibly lives. This case report details a true operating room fire incident in an emergency operating room and details the real-life challenges encountered by operating room staff in preserving both life and property. As a result of this work, precautionary measures may be implemented to mitigate such incidents. Careful coordination, continuous training, and fire drill exercises can improve the overall outcomes and minimize the possibility of these potentially fatal problems, thereby making a safer health care environment for every worker and patient.
Playing across the Andes: Sports Media and Populism in Argentina and Chile
Authors: Acuña Pedro
Published: July 2019

This article examines the central role of sports media in the discussions about national sports programmes at the peak of Latin American populism, particularly during the governments of Juan Perón in Argentina (1946–55) and Carlos Ibáñez in Chile (1952–8). By exploring sports publications such as the Argentine magazinesMundo DeportivoandEl Gráficoand the Chilean weeklyEstadio, I argue that sports media staged stories and images that were both inspired by, and critical of, the larger populist projects in Argentina and Chile. Photographers and cartoonists, often in collaboration with sportswriters, produced and crafted populist ideas about class collaboration, the inclusion of children in the state project and women's participation in politics.
Reluctant Reconciliation: South Korea's tentative détente with North Korea in the Nixon era, 1969–72
Authors: LYONG CHOI
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the impact and implications of Sino-American reconciliation on South Korea's policy towards its conflict with North Korea as well as its effect on South Korean politics in the early 1970s. Specifically, this article will examine how the Park regime altered its policy toward the North in response to the demands of the Nixon administration, before discussing the limitations of the policy in terms of the hostile approach of the Park regime toward Pyongyang during its talks with North Korea in 1972.

Based on recent findings in the South Korean and American archives, and an interview with former KCIA official Gang Indeok, this article contends that this particular focus provides an interesting case study to explain the impact of global changes on the domestic politics of specific nation(s) during the Cold War era. Along with many other American client states, the Republic of Korea misunderstood the objective of the United States before Nixon announced his Doctrine in 1969 and intention to reduce American support for Park. To be sure, it was not Washington's intention to build a democratic country in the Korean Peninsula. Rather, as Westad has indicated, the superpower sought greater control over the world and the expansion and extension of its power. This short article will thus demonstrate the process by which the client states of the United States—in particular, South Korea—came to understand the real aims of Washington and learned how to utilize these American intentions for their own national interest.
Constructive Galois Connections
Authors: DARAIS DAVID , HORN DAVID VAN
Published: July 2019

Galois connections are a foundational tool for structuring abstraction in semantics, and their use lies at the heart of the theory of abstract interpretation. Yet, mechanization of Galois connections using proof assistants remains limited to restricted modes of use, preventing their general application in mechanized metatheory and certified programming. This paper presents constructive Galois connections, a variant of Galois connections that is effective both on paper and in proof assistants; is complete with respect to a large subset of classical Galois connections; and enables more general reasoning principles, including the “calculational” style advocated by Cousot. To design constructive Galois connections, we identify a restricted mode of use of classical ones which is both general and amenable to mechanization in dependently typed functional programming languages. Crucial to our metatheory is the addition of monadic structure to Galois connections to control a “specification effect.” Effectful calculations may reason classically, while pure calculations have extractable computational content. Explicitly moving between the worlds of specification and implementation is enabled by our metatheory. To validate our approach, we provide two case studies in mechanizing existing proofs from the literature: the first uses calculational abstract interpretation to design a static analyzer, and the second forms a semantic basis for gradual typing. Both mechanized proofs closely follow their original paper-and-pencil counterparts, employ reasoning principles not captured by previous mechanization approaches, support the extraction of verified algorithms, and are novel.
Cross-sectional association between diet quality and cardiometabolic risk by education level in Mexican adults
Authors: López-Olmedo Nancy , Popkin Barry M , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Taillie Lindsey Smith
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Understanding the association between diet quality and cardiometabolic risk by education level is important for preventing increased cardiometabolic risk in the Mexican population, especially considering pre-existing disparities in diet quality. The present study examined the cross-sectional association of overall diet quality with cardiometabolic risk, overall and by education level, among Mexican men and women.

Design:

Cardiometabolic risk was defined by using biomarkers and diet quality by the Mexican Diet Quality Index. We computed sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models.

Setting:

Mexico.

Participants:

Mexican men (n634) and women (n875) participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.

Results:

We did not find associations of diet quality with cardiometabolic risk factors in the total sample or in men by education level. However, we observed that for each 10-unit increase in the dietary quality score, the odds of diabetes risk in women with no reading/writing skills was 0·47 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·85) relative to the odds in women with ≥10 years of school (referent). Similarly, for each 10-unit increase of the dietary quality score, the odds of having threev. no lipid biomarker level beyond the risk threshold in lower-educated women was 0·27 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·63) relative to the odds in higher-educated women.

Conclusions:

Diet quality has a stronger protective association with some cardiometabolic disease risk factors for lower- than higher-educated Mexican women, but no association with cardiometabolic disease risk factors among men. Future research will be needed to understand what diet factors could be influencing the cardiometabolic disease risk disparities in this population.
Excess Infant Mortality of Twins Over Singletons in Arab Countries: The Evidence of Relative Survival Methods
Authors: Chellai Fatih , Boudrissa Naima
Published: July 2019

There are no studies and only limited data that compare the difference in mortality between twins and singletons in the Arab world. We studied the survival of 306,966 children, including 9,280 twins, over the period 1970–2013 in six Arab countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia) based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) database. With the use of relative survival models, we estimated the mortality of twins relative to singletons by including socioeconomic and demographic variables. This study confirms the results of previous studies on the excess risk of death of twins compared to singletons. There is evidence that excess mortality decreases with follow-up; in addition, male twins have a higher risk of death compared to females for all countries except Tunisia. Wealth index and education levels of women are factors that influence the risk of mortality. It is recommended that these findings are considered when performing future health and population strategies in these Arab countries.
Laborabklärung der Medikamentenallergie: Grenzen und Möglichkeiten
Authors: Müller Nicole , Fachruddin Theresa , Hausmann Oliver
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Diagnose der Medikamentenallergie beruht im Wesentlichen auf einer detaillierten Anamnese unter Einbezug der erstbehandelnden Ärzte und der Hauttestung (Prick-, Intradermal- und Epikutan- / Patch-Teste). In der allergologischen Praxis / Klinik werden Provokationsteste mit dem vermutlichen Auslöser nur bei sehr klarer Indikation durchgeführt (siehe Beiträge in diesem Themenheft zu Medikamentenallergie beim Kind, zur Betalaktam-Antibiotika und anderen Antibiotikaallergien sowie zur Analgetikaintoleranz). Die Provokation mit einer wahrscheinlich verträglichen Alternative steht im Vordergrund. Leider haben die Hautteste bei gewissen Medikamentengruppen auch unter optimalen Bedingungen eine niedrige Sensitivität bei allerdings sehr guter Spezifität. Dem entsprechend sind positive Hautteste zumeist relevant, negative Hautteste können eine Allergie jedoch nicht sicher ausschliessen. In den letzten Jahren hat es sich daher bewährt, in der Abklärung der Medikamentenallergie auch ergänzende Laboruntersuchungen durchzuführen. Die serologischen Teste (IgE) haben sich dabei leider als wenig hilfreich erwiesen. Hingegen haben die auf der Analyse von Leukozyten beruhenden Testformen (Basophilen Aktivierungstest, BAT, und Lymphozytentransformationstest, LTT) an Bedeutung gewonnen und ergänzen das diagnostische Repertoire. In der Kombination aller Testmethoden (Hauttest, LTT, BAT, ev. Provokationstest) kann der Auslöser einer Medikamentenallergie in gut 70 % der Fälle definiert und zumeist auch eine sichere therapeutische Alternative gefunden werden. Im Folgenden wollen wir auf die Bedeutung der Labordiagnostik in der Medikamentenallergie eingehen.
Seismic Anisotropy Evidence for Ductile Deformation of the Forearc Lithospheric Mantle in Subduction Zones
Authors: Wang Jian , Huang Xiaoge , Zhao Dapeng , Yao Zhenxing
Published: July 2019

Seismic anisotropy provides important information on the structure and geodynamics of the Earth. The forearc mantle wedge in subduction zones mainly exhibits trench‐parallel azimuthal anisotropy globally, which is inconsistent with the model of olivine a axis aligning with the slab‐driven corner flow. Its formation mechanism is currently unclear. Here we present high‐resolution 3‐D P wave anisotropic tomography of the Tohoku subduction zone. We suggest that ductile deformation of the forearc lithospheric mantle of the overriding plate induces the trench‐parallel azimuthal anisotropy and positive radial anisotropy (i.e., horizontal velocity > vertical velocity) in Tohoku. Our results provide the first seismic anisotropic evidence for the slab‐mantle decoupling at a common depth of ~70 km. On the basis of the high‐resolution seismic images, we propose a geodynamic model suggesting that the forearc mantle wedge anisotropy is produced via ductile deformation of dry olivine or hydrous antigorite lithospheric mantle, which accords well with the trench‐parallel shear wave splitting measurements dominant in subduction zones globally.
Aerosol pH Dynamics During Haze Periods in an Urban Environment in China: Use of Detailed, Hourly, Speciated Observations to Study the Role of Ammonia Availability and Secondary Aerosol Formation and Urban Environment
Authors: Shi Guoliang , Xu Jiao , Shi Xurong , Liu Baoshuang , Bi Xiaohui , Xiao Zhimei , Chen Kui , Wen Jie , Dong Shihao , Tian Yingze , Feng Yinchang , Yu Haofei , Song Shaojie , Zhao Qianyu , Gao Jie , Russell Armistead G.
Published: July 2019

Aerosol pH is a useful diagnostic of aerosol chemistry for formation of secondary aerosol and has been hypothesized to be a key factor in specific chemical reaction routes producing sulfate and nitrate. In this study, we measured hourly concentrations of water‐soluble ions in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, along with gaseous pollutants in Tianjin, China, from 4 to 31 January 2015. The following source contributions to water‐soluble ions were estimated by positive matrix factorization: secondary sulfate (13%), secondary nitrate (44%), coal (14%), vehicle (16%), and dust (13%). ISORROPIA‐II was used to investigate the complex relationships among aerosol pH, ammonia, and secondary aerosol formation. The estimated hourly aerosol pH varied from −0.3 to 7.7, with an average of 4.9 (±0.78); the median value was 4.89, and the interquartile range was 0.72. During less polluted conditions, aerosol pH ranged from less than 0 to about 7; during heavily polluted conditions, pH was close to 5 (3.9–7.9) despite large amounts of sulfate. Sufficient ammonia/ammonium was present to balance high sulfate and nitrate formation. NH4+/NH3 (g) helped stabilize pH while nonvolatile cations contributed less to decreasing aerosol acidity. High acidy (pH < 3), light pollution (total water soluble ions < 30 μg/m3), and low water content (less than 5 μg/m3) were more correlated with higher rates of sulfate formation than nitrate formation in the winter.
Global Occurrences of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Related to Suprathermal Electrons in Radiation Belts
Authors: Zhao Wanli , Liu Si , Zhang Sai , Zhou Qinghua , Yang Chang , He Yihua , Gao Zhonglei , Xiao Fuliang
Published: July 2019

Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) can potentially produce serious damage to space‐borne systems by accelerating trapped radiation belt electrons to relativistic energies. Here we examine the global occurrences of AKR emissions in radiation belts based on Van Allen Probes observations from 1 October 2012 to 31 December 2016. The statistical results (1,848 events in total) show that AKR covers a broad region of L= 3–6.5 and 00–24 magnetic local time (MLT), with a higher occurrence on the nightside (20–24 MLT and 00–04 MLT) within L= 5–6.5. All the AKR events are observed to be accompanied with suprathermal (∼1 keV) electron flux enhancements. During active geomagnetic periods, both AKR occurrences and electron injections tend to be more distinct, and AKR emission extends to the dayside. The current study shows that AKR emissions from the remote sources are closely associated with electron injections.
The Tropopause Inversion Layer Interaction With the Inertial Gravity Wave Activities and Its Latitudinal Variability
Authors: Zhang Yehui , Zhang Shaodong , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Gong Yun
Published: July 2019

By using 90 radiosonde stations with high vertical resolution data during the period 1998–2011, the latitudinal variation of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) in different seasons and the interactions with the inertial gravity wave (IGW) activities in the region covering the Northern Hemispheric latitudes from 5° to 75° are studied. For the midlatitudes, the TIL features show obviously seasonal variations. In the Arctic region, TIL is strong and thick. The averaged Arctic TIL intensity peaks in summer. The intense interaction between the TIL and IGW is found in the region of 5°N to 75°N. The TIL could inhibit the upward propagation of IGWs from ~2 km below the tropopause in a larger region (40–75°N). It is found that for the middle‐latitude regions, the enhanced wind shear layer just above the tropopause could lead to instability and finally result in IGW breaking and intensive turbulence, which then leads to strong wave energy dissipation and a downward heat flux. The IGW‐induced cooling around the tropopause, which resulted from the downward heat flux, then makes a colder and sharper tropopause and finally form the TIL. The IGW‐associated strong downward heat flux is also found around the Arctic tropopause. However, there is no corresponding wind shear enhancement above the tropopause. This indicates that this strong heat flux may result from some other processes and then form the strong TIL in the Arctic.
Semi-supervised machine-learning classification of materials synthesis procedures
Authors: Huo Haoyan , Rong Ziqin , Kononova Olga , Sun Wenhao , Botari Tiago , He Tanjin , Tshitoyan Vahe , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: July 2019

Digitizing large collections of scientific literature can enable new informatics approaches for scientific analysis and meta-analysis. However, most content in the scientific literature is locked-up in written natural language, which is difficult to parse into databases using explicitly hard-coded classification rules. In this work, we demonstrate a semi-supervised machine-learning method to classify inorganic materials synthesis procedures from written natural language. Without any human input, latent Dirichlet allocation can cluster keywords into topics corresponding to specific experimental materials synthesis steps, such as “grinding” and “heating”, “dissolving” and “centrifuging”, etc. Guided by a modest amount of annotation, a random forest classifier can then associate these steps with different categories of materials synthesis, such as solid-state or hydrothermal synthesis. Finally, we show that a Markov chain representation of the order of experimental steps accurately reconstructs a flowchart of possible synthesis procedures. Our machine-learning approach enables a scalable approach to unlock the large amount of inorganic materials synthesis information from the literature and to process it into a standardized, machine-readable database.
Fiber-coupled EPR-state generation using a single temporally multiplexed squeezed light source
Authors: Larsen Mikkel V. , Guo Xueshi , Breum Casper R. , Neergaard-Nielsen Jonas S. , Andersen Ulrik L.
Published: July 2019

A prerequisite for universal quantum computation and other large-scale quantum information processors is the careful preparation of quantum states in massive numbers or of massive dimension. For continuous variable approaches to quantum information processing (QIP), squeezed states are the natural quantum resources, but most demonstrations have been based on a limited number of squeezed states due to the experimental complexity in up-scaling. The number of physical resources can however be significantly reduced by employing the technique of temporal multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate an application to continuous variable QIP of temporal multiplexing in fiber: Using just a single source of squeezed states in combination with active optical switching and a 200 m fiber delay line, we generate fiber-coupled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled quantum states. Our demonstration is a critical enabler for the construction of an in-fiber, all-purpose quantum information processor based on a single or few squeezed state quantum resources.
Amino-acid inserts of HIV-1 capsid (CA) induce CA degradation and abrogate viral infectivity: Insights for the dynamics and mechanisms of HIV-1 CA decomposition
Authors: Amano Masayuki , Bulut Haydar , Tamiya Sadahiro , Nakamura Tomofumi , Koh Yasuhiro , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: July 2019

Accumulation of amino acid (AA) insertions/substitutions are observed in the Gag-protein of HIV-1 variants resistant to HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Here, we found that HIV-1 carrying AA insertions in capsid protein (CA) undergoes aberrant CA degradation. When we generated recombinant HIV-1s (rHIV-1s) containing 19-AAs in Gag, such insertions caused significant CA degradation, which initiated in CA’s C-terminal. Such rHIV-1s had remarkable morphological abnormality, decreased infectivity, and no replicative ability, which correlated with levels of CA degradation. The CA degradation observed was energy-independent and had no association with cellular/viral proteolytic mechanisms, suggesting that the CA degradation occurs due to conformational/structural incompatibility caused by the 19-AA insertions. The incorporation of degradation-prone CA into the wild-type CA resulted in significant disruption of replication competence in “chimeric” virions. The data should allow better understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms of CA decomposition/degradation and retroviral uncoating, which may lead to new approach for antiretroviral modalities.
An Unusually Broad Series of Seven Cyclombandakamines, Bridged Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Congolese Liana Ancistrocladus ealaensis
Authors: Tshitenge Dieudonné Tshitenge , Bruhn Torsten , Feineis Doris , Mudogo Virima , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Bringmann Gerhard
Published: July 2019

A series of seven unusual dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids was isolated from the leaves of the tropical liana Ancistrocladus ealaensis J. Léonard, named cyclombandakamine A (1), 1-epi-cyclombandakamine A (2), and cyclombandakamines A3–7 (3–7). These alkaloids have a chemically thrilling structural array consisting of a twisted dihydrofuran-cyclohexenone-isochromene system. The 1′″-epimer of 4, cyclombandakamine A1 (8), had previously been discovered in an unidentified Ancistrocladus species related to A. ealaensis. Both lianas produce the potential parent precursor, mbandakamine A (9), but only A. ealaensis synthesizes the corresponding cyclized form, along with a broad series of slightly modified analogs. The challenging isolation required, besides multi-dimensional chromatography, the use of a pentafluorophenyl stationary phase. Featuring up to six stereocenters and two types of chiral axes, their structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, in combination with oxidative chemical degradation experiments as well as chiroptical (electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy) and quantum chemical calculations. Compared to the ‘open-chain’ parent compound 9, these dimers displayed rather moderate antiplasmodial activities.
A sweet orange mutant impaired in carotenoid biosynthesis and reduced ABA levels results in altered molecular responses along peel ripening
Authors: Romero Paco , Lafuente María Teresa , Rodrigo María Jesús
Published: July 2019

Citrus fruit ripening is a complex process involving biochemical, physiological and molecular events that differ between the flesh and the peel of the fruit. We characterized sweet orange peel maturation by means of a comparative transcriptomic analysis between Navelate orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and its mutant fruit Pinalate, which presents a severe blockage at early steps of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and consequently reduced ABA levels. Peel ripening involved the decrease of the photosynthetic activity and the transmembrane transport processes, as well as the buildup of starch and cuticular waxes and the cell wall modification. In addition, a number of biotic and abiotic stress responses, including the defense response, and the response to blue light, water deprivation and abscisic acid stimulus were modulated in a ripening-stage specific manner. The regulation of energy-related processes and secondary metabolism pathways was attenuated in Pinalate, while the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses displayed dependency on ABA levels. These results indicate that ABA is a key signal inducing stress responses along orange peel ripening, which might determine the fruit postharvest performance.
High retreatability and dimensional stability of polymer grafted waterlogged archaeological wood achieved by ARGET ATRP
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Wang Kai , Hu Dongbo
Published: July 2019

To explore new methods to maintain the dimensional stability of waterlogged archaeological wood after drying and keep the natural cell lumens unaltered for future retreatments, activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is employed to consolidate archaeological wood. To prepare the ATRP process, the waterlogged archaeological wood samples (Pinus massoniana with maximum moisture content of around 529%) were first modified by 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide in CH2Cl2 to acquire C-Br bonds as initiators. Then, butyl methacrylate or styrene was polymerized to the remaining cell walls with catalyst (CuBr2), reductant (ascorbic acid) and ligand (PMDETA) in ethanol. After the treatment, the samples were washed and naturally dried. The results characterized by microscopy showed that the polymerization only took place within the remaining cell walls, showing no sign of collapse or distortion after air drying, and all natural cell lumens could be retained for future retreatments. Also, anti-shrinkage efficiencies as high as 87.8% for the wood sample grafted with polystyrene and 98.5% for the wood sample grafted with polybutylmethacrylate were obtained from the treatment described in this paper, indicating modification of grafting polymer through ARGET ATRP can help maintain the dimensional stability of water archaeological wood effectively.
Ultrahigh omnidirectional, broadband, and polarization-independent optical absorption over the visible wavelengths by effective dispersion engineering
Authors: Jin Yeonghoon , Park Junghoon , Rah Yoonhyuk , Shim Jaeho , Yu Kyoungsik
Published: July 2019

Achieving perfect light absorption at a subwavelength-scale thickness has various advantageous in terms of cost, flexibility, weight, and performance for many different applications. However, obtaining perfect absorbers covering a wide range of wavelengths regardless of incident angle and input polarization without a complicated patterning process while maintaining a small thickness remains a challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate flat, lithography-free, ultrahigh omnidirectional, polarization-independent, broadband absorbers through effective dispersion engineering. The proposed absorbers show day-integrated solar energy absorption up to 96%, which is 32% better than with lossy semiconductor/metal absorbers. The proposed simple yet effective method can be applied to light absorption thin film structures based on various types of highly lossy semiconductor materials, including emerging 2D materials.
Stepwise and hysteretic sorption of CO2 in polycatenated metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Chen Di-Ming , Zhang Xue-Jing
Published: July 2019

Two isostructural 3D dynamic MOFs with different metal sites have been constructed, which exhibit temperature-dependent stepwise and hysteretic sorption behaviors toward CO2 around room temperature.
Nanoparticle surface charge influences translocation and leaf distribution in vascular plants with contrasting anatomy
Authors: Spielman-Sun Eleanor , Avellan Astrid , Bland Garret D. , Tappero Ryan V. , Acerbo Alvin S. , Unrine Jason M. , Giraldo Juan Pablo , Lowry Gregory V.
Published: July 2019

Root uptake, translocation, and distribution of engineered nanoparticles by plants are dependent on both plant species and nanoparticle surface charge.
Immersion precipitation 3D printing (ip3DP)
Authors: Karyappa Rahul , Ohno Akihiro , Hashimoto Michinao
Published: July 2019

An unprecedented route of DIW 3D printing of a polymer-solvent-nonsolvent ternary system to fabricate 3D structures with controlled internal porosity in thermoplastics is demonstrated.
Rare earth double perovskites: a fertile soil in the field of perovskite oxides
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Xu Jun , Xu Yueshan , Luo Feng , Du Yaping
Published: July 2019

This review summarizes the compositions, syntheses, and applications of rare earth A2B′B′′O6 double perovskites.
Potential of N-heterocyclic carbene derivatives from Au13(dppe)5Cl2gold superatoms. Evaluation of electronic, optical and chiroptical properties from relativistic DFT
Authors: Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: July 2019

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) introduction into well-defined atomically precise gold superatoms allows efficient control of structural, optical, chiroptical and emission features of the Au13Cl2core, related to the classical chiral [Au13Cl2(dppe)5]3+nanocluster.
Construction of ZnCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanostructures for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy densities
Authors: Xiang Guotao , Yin Jiangmei , Qu Guangmeng , Sun Pengxiao , Hou Peiyu , Huang Jinzhao , Xu Xijin
Published: July 2019

ZnCo2S4 nanoneedle clusters are uniformly grown as a core on foamed nickel and then are coated with Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as shell layers.
A chiral auxiliary-based synthesis of the C5–C17 trans-decalin framework of anthracimycin
Authors: Freeman Jared L. , Brimble Margaret A. , Furkert Daniel P.
Published: July 2019

Intramolecular Diels–Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition using a chiral Evans oxazolidinone auxiliary affords the trans-decalin framework of the potent antibiotic anthracimycin.
Adsorptive desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbons using zeolite-based sorbents: a comprehensive review
Authors: Lee Kevin X. , Valla Julia A.
Published: July 2019

Adsorptive desulfurization using modified Y zeolite is an efficient process for the removal of sulfur from transportation fuels.
Solketal production in a solvent-free continuous flow process: scaling from laboratory to bench size
Authors: Cornejo Ana , Campoy Manuel , Barrio Izaskun , Navarrete Benito , Lázaro Jesús
Published: July 2019

Low-range adsorption mechanism kinetic model for solketal production was developed at lab-scale and validated in long-term bench-scale tests.
Methodology for the synthesis of methacrylate monomers using designed single mode microwave applicators
Authors: Dundas Adam A. , Hook Andrew L. , Alexander Morgan R. , Kingman Samuel W. , Dimitrakis Georgios , Irvine Derek J.
Published: July 2019

A novel single-well prototype high throughput microwave reactor geometry has been produced and shown to be capable of synthesizing an array of non-commercially available methacrylate monomers.
Insights into coated NiCrAl open-cell foams for the catalytic partial oxidation of CH4
Authors: Ho Phuoc Hoang , de Nolf Wout , Ospitali Francesca , Beton Didier , Torkuhl Lars , Fornasari Giuseppe , Vaccari Angelo , Benito Patricia
Published: July 2019

NiCrAl foams coated by a catalytic layer are stable under reaction conditions and decrease the hot spots, making them an alternative to FeCrAl materials.
Insgesamt positiv, aber das geht noch
besser
Authors: Dormann Patrick , Stimming Christian
Published: July 2019

Das Aktionsbündnis Notfallpflege befürwortet die DKG-Empfehlung zur Weiterbildung
Notfallpflege vom 29.11.2016, die am 01.01.2017 in Kraft getreten ist. Durch
diese wird eine standardisierte und bundesweit vergleichbare
Weiterbildungsmöglichkeit geschaffen, um den Bedarf an professionellen und
hochqualifizierten Pflegekräften im Setting Notaufnahme sicherzustellen.
Allerdings bestehen aus Sicht der Autoren jedoch einige neuralgische Punkte in
Bezug auf die konkrete inhaltliche und strukturelle Gestaltung der
Empfehlung.
Gut aufgehoben im Gespräch
Authors: Karde Carmen , Weber Iris , Massarotto Paola
Published: July 2019

Das Leben mit einem Herzunterstützungssystem ist herausfordernd. Patienten und
Angehörige machen sich Sorgen und entwickeln Ängste. Um den Informationsbedarf
und die Anliegen der Betroffenen strukturiert und gezielt zu erfassen, hat sich
im Universitätsspital Zürich ein Gesprächsleitfaden bewährt.
Hungern auf der Intensivstation?
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Graeb Erika
Published: July 2019

Ob, wann und wie im Intensivbereich ernährt werden soll, führt häufig auch
zwischen den Disziplinen zu Konflikten. Gleichzeitig ist aus der Forschung
bekannt, dass viele Patienten massiv an Gewicht und vor allem Muskelmasse
verlieren, was zu verlängerten Liegezeiten und erhöhter Mortalität führen kann.
Wie soll nun vorgegangen werden, um das Grundbedürfnis der Ernährung nicht aus
dem Blick zu verlieren?
PhI(OAc)2-Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Guanidino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines via Oxidative N–S and N–N Bond Formation
Authors: Nagaraju Tumula , Krishna Palakodety Radha , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Mangarao Nakka
Published: July 2019

An effective and expeditious approach for the construction of biologically important 5-guanidino-1,2,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives has been developed. This new protocol involves the phenyliodine(III) diacetate [PhI(OAc)2]-mediated oxidative cyclization of thioureas/2-aminopyridines and imidates via N–S and N–N bond formation at ambient temperature. This method furnishes the versatile 5-guanidino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in a scalable manner with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity.
Base-Promoted Reactions of Hydroxyquinones with Pyrones: A Direct and Sustainable Entry to Anthraquinones and Naphthoquinones
Authors: Yu Huangchao , Kraus George A.
Published: July 2019

Hydroxybenzoquinones and hydroxynaphthoquinones react with methyl coumalate and 5-cyanopyrone to generate anthraquinones and naphthoquinones in good to excellent yields.
Transport and photo-conduction in carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Dewey O. S. , Headrick R. J. , Taylor L. W. , Pasquali M. , Prestopino G. , Verona Rinati G. , Lucci M. , Cirillo M.
Published: July 2019

We have characterized the conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers enriched in semiconducting species as a function of temperature and pulsed laser irradiation of 266 nm wavelength. At high temperatures, the response approaches Arrhenius law behavior, but from room temperature down to 4.2 K, the response can be quantitatively framed within the predictions of the fluctuation induced tunneling model, with tunneling occurring between the inner fibrils (bundles) of the samples and/or the elementary CNTs constituting the fibers. Fiber conductivity is enhanced under laser irradiation, and analysis of the resulting data confirms the (exponential) dependence of the potential barrier upon temperature as expected from the fluctuation induced tunneling model. A thermal map of the laser-irradiated fibers is also obtained via COMSOL simulations in order to rule out bare heating phenomena as the background of our experiments.
All-optical isotropic scalar 4He magnetometer based on atomic alignment
Authors: Lieb G. , Jager T. , Palacios-Laloy A. , Gilles H.
Published: July 2019

We propose a helium scalar magnetometer based on a triple resonance setup, showing no dead angles, and which can be implemented in an all-optical way. This triple-resonance scheme involves optical pumping with amplitude-modulated light, complemented by a modulated light-shift. Both light beams propagate parallel so that a single optical access to the atomic cell is needed. Experimental results are in good agreement with our theoretical model. The main error sources affecting the magnetometer accuracy are discussed.
Understanding the electronic structure, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic stability of (TiZrHfNbTa)C combined experiments and first-principles simulation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Jinyong , Li Neng , Chen Wenjie
Published: July 2019

An equimolar high-entropy carbide, (TiZrHfNbTa)C, which is a face-centered-cubic-structured solid solution, was synthesized through spark plasma sintering at 1950 °C. Its electronic properties, thermodynamic stability, and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated by well-defined density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the strong bonds of TM–C (TM = Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) in (TiZrHfNbTa)C lead to excellent mechanical properties relative to those of TaC, the solid-solution template, and limited lattice distortion, making its electronic structure similar to those of the constituent carbides. Calculated Young’s modulus (495 GPa) matches the experimental measurement data (479 GPa) well. This work provides insight into high-entropy (TiZrHfNbTa)C on an electronic scale and paves the way for the design of novel high-entropy carbides.
Fourier single-pixel imaging in the terahertz regime
Authors: She Rongbin , Liu Wenquan , Lu Yuanfu , Zhou Zhisheng , Li Guangyuan
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate Fourier single-pixel imaging in the terahertz regime. The experimental system is implemented using a photoinduced coded aperture setup, where monolayer graphene on a high-resistance silicon substrate illuminated by a coded laser beam works as a terahertz modulator. The results show that high-quality terahertz images can be reconstructed using a greatly reduced number of measurements. We further find that deep photoinduced terahertz modulation, by adding a monolayer graphene on the silicon substrate and by using high laser power, can significantly improve the image quality. Compared to Hadamard single-pixel imaging with a reordered Hadamard matrix, the Fourier approach has higher image quality. We expect that this work will speed up the efficiency of single-pixel terahertz imaging and advance terahertz imaging applications.
Utilization of the superconducting transition for characterizing low-quality-factor superconducting resonators
Authors: Chang Yu-Cheng , Karimi Bayan , Senior Jorden , Ronzani Alberto , Peltonen Joonas T. , Goan Hsi-Sheng , Chen Chii-Dong , Pekola Jukka P.
Published: July 2019

Characterizing superconducting microwave resonators with highly dissipative elements is a technical challenge, but a requirement for implementing and understanding the operation of hybrid quantum devices involving dissipative elements, e.g., for thermal engineering and detection. We present experiments on λ/4 superconducting niobium coplanar waveguide resonators, terminating at the antinode by a dissipative copper microstrip via aluminum leads, such that the resonator response is difficult to measure in a typical microwave environment. By measuring the transmission both above and below the superconducting transition of aluminum, we are able to isolate the resonance. We then experimentally verify this method with copper microstrips of increasing thicknesses, from 50 nm to 150 nm, and measure quality factors in the range of 10–67 in a consistent way.
Avalanche dynamics of ferroelectric phase transitions in BaTiO3 and 0.7Pb(Mg2∕3Nb1∕3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Xue Dezhen , Zhou Yumei , Su Tong , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Salje E. K. H.
Published: July 2019

The motion of phase fronts during a ferroelectric phase transition is intermittent and follows avalanche dynamics. In the present study, we show that an intermittent propagation mode generates spikes of depolarization currents at an extremely slow heating rate of 0.05 K/min in BaTiO3 (BTO) and 0.7Pb(Mg2∕3Nb1∕3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals. Such “jerks” are indicative of avalanche dynamics, and their energy exhibits a power law distribution with exponents of ε = 1.3 ± 0.10 and ε = 1.5 ± 0.10 for BTO and PMN-PT, respectively. The rate of aftershocks after big events decays as an Omori-like power-law and interevent times are characterized by a universal double power-law distribution, indicating the critical temporal correlations between the avalanche events.
Field-free control of exchange bias by spin Hall currents
Authors: Kim Hyun-Joong , Je Soong-Geun , Jung Dae-Han , Lee Ki-Suk , Hong Jung-Il
Published: July 2019

A trilayer structure consisting of ferromagnetic alloy CoFeB/antiferromagnetic IrMn/heavy metal Pt layers was prepared, and the manipulation of its exchange bias effect was achieved without applying an external magnetic field. Spin polarized current, generated by the spin Hall effect of the electrical current through the Pt layer, was shown to be able to control the spin alignment state in the neighboring antiferromagnetic material as well as the corresponding exchange bias effect in the ferromagnet coupled to the antiferromagnet. The results demonstrated stable and reliable switching of the spin structure in antiferromagnets, providing a useful route to all-electrical manipulation of antiferromagnetic states without a need for the bulky global application of the external magnetic field. Therefore, with the results presented in the present work, precise control of magnetism including both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets on submicron to nanometer length scales can be expected.
Prototropic Tautomerism and Some Features of the IR Spectra of 2-(3-Chromenyl)-1-hydroxyimidazoles
Authors: Nikitina Polina A. , Koldaeva Tatiana Yu. , Mityanov Vitaly S. , Miroshnikov Vladimir S. , Basanova Elizaveta I. , Perevalov Valery P.
Published: July 2019

Prototropic tautomerism of 2-(3-chromenyl)-1-hydroxyimidazoles with various substituents in the chromenyl moiety (1-hydroxyimidazole – imidazole N-oxide) was studied by means of 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies. It was demonstrated that in d6-DMSO solution, the substituents in the chromenyl ring have no influence on the equilibrium shift: the prevalence of the N-oxide tautomeric form is caused by the possibility of stabilization of the planar structure with the help of the carbonyl group in position 5 of the imidazole ring. In contrast, in the solid state the general effect of the chromenyl substituent in position 2 of imidazole plays the leading role. The increase in general electron-withdrawing effect of the chromenyl moiety leads to the prevalence of the imidazole N-oxide tautomer.
Specific responses of sap flux and leaf functional traits to simulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a deciduous broadleaf forest
Authors: Zhu Liwei , Hu Yanting , Zhao Xiuhua , Zhao Ping , Ouyang Lei , Ni Guangyan , Liu Nan
Published: July 2019

To investigate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on water use characteristics and leaf traits of trees, we performed canopy (C50) and understory (U50) N additions as NH4NO3 of 50 kg N ha–1 year–1 in a deciduous broadleaf forest of central China. We measured xylem sap flux, crown area:sapwood area ratio (Ca:As), specific leaf area (SLA), mass-based leaf nitrogen content (Nmass) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Blume. Functional traits under different N addition treatments and their responses among tree species were compared and the relationship between xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits under N additions were explored. Results showed that under U50 sap-flux density of xylem significantly decreased for three tree species. But the effect of C50 on sap flux was species-specific. The decrease of sap-flux density with N additions might be caused by the increased Ca/As. δ13C remained constant among different N addition treatments. The responses of SLA and Nmass to N additions were species- and N addition approaches-specific. The correlation of xylem sap flux with leaf traits was not found. Our findings indicate that the effects of canopy N addition on xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits were species-specific and it is necessary to employ canopy N addition for exploring the real responses of forest ecosystems to climate changes in the future researches.
Electrocardiographic changes following six months of long‐distance triathlon training in previously recreationally active individuals
Authors: Dawkins Tony G. , Shave Rob E. , Baggish Aaron L. , Drane Aimee L. , Parisi Erika J. , Roberts Michael G. , Roberts Justin D.
Published: July 2019

Background: Clinical electrocardiographic (ECG) guidelines for athlete's heart are based upon cross‐sectional data. We aimed to longitudinally evaluate the influence of endurance training on the ECG and compare the prevalence of ECG abnormalities defined by contemporary criteria.

Methods: A group of 66 training‐naïve individuals completed a six‐month training programme with resting ECGs and cardiopulmonary exercise tests performed at baseline, two and six months. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities compared between proposed criteria.

Results : Maximal oxygen consumption increased from 45.4 ± 7.1 to 50.3 ± 7.1 ml·kg−1·min−1 (p < 0.05) pre‐to‐post training. ECG changes included, bradycardia (60 ± 12 vs. 53 ± 8 beats·min−1; p < 0.05), shorter P wave duration (106 ± 10 vs. 103 ± 11 ms; p < 0.05), reduced QTc (413 ± 27 vs. 405 ± 22 ms; p < 0.05), and increased left ventricular Sokolow‐Lyon index (2.45 ± 0.66 vs. 2.62 ± 0.78 mV; p < 0.05). 85% of individuals showed ≥1 ‘training‐related’ ECG finding at six months vs. 68% at baseline. Using the 2013 Seattle Criteria, 4 ECGs were ‘abnormal’ at baseline and 3 at month six vs. 2 at baseline and 1 at month six, using the 2017 International Consensus. Prevalence of ‘borderline’ findings did not increase with training (11% at baseline and six months).

Conclusion: Six‐months endurance training leads to a greater prevalence of ‘training‐related’ but not ‘borderline’ or ‘training‐unrelated’ ECGs. ‘Borderline findings’ may not necessarily represent training‐related cardiac remodelling in novice athletes following a six‐month training intervention.

KEY MESSAGES

This study aimed to assess the longitudinal ECG changes following six months of endurance training, in training‐naïve individuals, and whether these ECG changes support the revisions made to the recent 2017 international consensus criteria.

The prevalence of ‘training‐related’ findings were increased with six months of endurance training, however the prevalence of the revised ‘borderline’ criteria, according to the 2017 international consensus, did not increase and the associated quantitative ECG data (e.g. P‐wave amplitude, QRS axis and QRS duration) remained unchanged.

Further clinical consideration may be warranted for individuals within the early phase of exercise engagement presenting with ‘borderline’ ECG abnormalities, defined by the International criteria.
Mixed dynamical decoupling
Authors: Genov Genko T , Aharon Nati , Jelezko Fedor , Retzker Alex
Published: July 2019

We propose a scheme for mixed dynamical decoupling (MDD), where we combine continuous dynamical decoupling with robust sequences of phased pulses. Specifically, we use two fields for decoupling, where the first continuous driving field creates dressed states that are robust to environmental noise. Then, a second field implements a robust sequence of phased pulses to perform inversions of the dressed qubits, thus achieving robustness to amplitude fluctuations of both fields. We show that MDD outperforms standard concatenated continuous dynamical decoupling in realistic numerical simulations for dynamical decoupling in NV centers in diamond. Finally, we also demonstrate how our technique can be utilized for improved sensing.