bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awake Spinal Fusion
Authors: Garg Bhavuk , Ahuja Kaustubh , Mehta Nishank , Sharan Alok D.
Published: June 2021

» Awake spinal fusion (ASF) integrates advancements in surgical techniques and anesthetic modalities with the aim to maximize benefits and improve outcomes from the surgical and anesthetic standpoints.

» ASF employs minimally invasive or endoscopic surgical techniques that are complemented by regional modalities of anesthesia and analgesia.

» The current evidence, albeit limited, has shown better results with ASF in terms of postoperative pain scores, a patient’s need for opioids, postoperative hospital length of stay, and rehabilitation compared with the conventional technique of open spinal fusion with the patient under general anesthesia.
The Basic Science Behind the Clinical Success of the Induced Membrane Technique for Critical-Sized Bone Defects
Authors: Littlefield Connor P. , Wang Charles , Leucht Philipp , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: June 2021

» The induced membrane technique (IMT) takes advantage of an osteoinductive environment that is created by the placement of a cement spacer into a bone defect.

» Most commonly, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer has been used, but spacers made from other materials have emerged and achieved good clinical outcomes.

» The IMT has demonstrated good results for long-bone repair; however, more research is required in order to optimize union rates as well as delineate more precise indications and surgical timing.
Percepción del cambio climático y respuesta de los turistas sobre los recursos hídricos: el caso de la cuenca del río Muga.
Authors: Torres-Bagur María , Pavón Gamero David
Published: June 2021

El cambio climático y sus efectos condicionarán el devenir de muchos destinos turísticos. En el ámbito mediterráneo uno de los impactos más preocupantes se da en la disminución de la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos, lo que puede repercutir en la pérdida del atractivo de estos destinos turísticos frente a otros mejor posicionados.  Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre cuál es la percepción que tienen los turistas sobre la disponibilidad de agua de estos espacios que visitan y su vinculación con el cambio climático. En este artículo se analizan algunas de esas percepciones a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la realización de 752 encuestas a clientes alojados en 19 establecimientos turísticos en la cuenca del río Muga, ubicada en el extremo nororiental de la península Ibérica. Los resultados muestran como factores vinculados a la procedencia, la tipología de alojamiento o el nivel de instrucción de los turistas pueden ser explicativos a la hora de determinar la percepción que tienen sobre el cambio climático y sus efectos, a la vez que algunos de sus hábitos y comportamientos ambientales, especialmente en relación con los recursos hídricos.
Xavier Zubiri’s Metaphysics: Eternal Search Between God and Human
Authors:   HSE University, Amelina Yana I.
Published: June 2021

The article is a foreword to the translation of the chapter of the book The Struc­ture of Metaphysics of the Spanish thinker Xavier Zubiri, which was published in 2016. The foreword gives a brief excursion into the publication of this book, which includes both lectures on the structure of metaphysics in 1969 and the philosopher’s manuscript with the same name written a decade later. The struc­ture of metaphysics is fundamentally important for understanding the evolution of Zubiri’s ideas, and it will also be useful to everyone is interested in the history of Western metaphysics, which Zubiri skillfully expounds here from Aristotle to Hegel with an emphasis on the concept of the transcendental. The foreword also gives a short explication of the key concepts of Xavier Zubiri’s philosophy such as: reality, intelligence, essence, time and other concepts, which are necessary to understand the personal position of the philosopher.
Ideas, Traditions and “Higher Personalities”: an Сonception of History in Russian Philosophy. Article Two: L. Tolstoy, Vl. Solovyov, S. Frank
Authors:   St-Petersburg State University, Evlampiev Igor I.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the development of ideas about history in Russian philo­sophy of the late XIX – early XX centuries and proves that all significant thinkers followed the tradition set by P.Ya. Chaadaev. It is shown that the histori­cal views of L.N. Tolstoy, expressed in the novel War and Peace, was directed against the idea of ​​the significance of great personalities in history, but in later years Tolstoy changed his views, he acknowledged that some “best people” who understood the true teaching of Jesus Christ and determine the history; they are trying to bring it to life in order to create the “Kingdom of God on earth”. Fol­lowing Chaadaev, Tolstoy claimed that “higher personalities” are distinguished by the fact that they completely subordinate their lives to God, while in God they gain the fullness of life, which loses the negative characteristic of empirical time and acquires the quality of absolute time, “eternal present”. The direct heir to Chaadayev was V.S. Solovyov, who claimed that God acts directly in humanity and leads it to the state of pan-unity, the state of the “Kingdom of God on earth”. In the twentieth century, Chaadaev's historical concept was developed most ob­viously by S.L. Frank. Like his predecessors, Frank argues that the ideas of per­sonal independence and “human rights” lead man to degradation, and society to crisis and death; only the idea of ​​serving the higher divine truth, acting in man and humanity, provides them with a good future. At the same time, society should be governed by “higher personalities” who understand the meaning of di­vine truth better than others. It is shown that a similar concept of history is often found in Western philosophy, for example, it has been consistently developed by H. Bergson.
Organ and Machinery Projections in Florensky’s Philosophy and Vertov’s Cinematography
Authors: Martynova Svetlana A.
Published: June 2021

My article is dedicated to the Kapp’s theory of organ projections in the first half of the XX century in Russia. I research that the philosopher P. Florensky and the filmmaker Dziga Vertov made the changes to this theory and linked it with the definition of machinery projections purposes and limits. Florensky’s has a goal to analyze new sides of life in an organism by machinery projections. The method of it is the made by a man transference of the functions and contours of technology to an organism. A man thinks about the specificity of an organism and does not allow thinking about it as only less qualitatively working mecha­nism. Vertov has a goal to observe disadvantages of a human organism and reject them via creating of a new man by machinery projections. According to Vertov’s purpose the technology presents an organism as a mechanism via the algorithm of observing and designing. I explain how these conceptions may be useful for researching in the field of bioinformatics and biomedical engineering.
Metallurgy Selection of Tubing in Sucker Rod Pump Wells Plagued with Pitting and Abrasion Issues
Authors: Uniyal Rishabh , Bansal Rajeev , Jaruhar Suman Kumar , Biswas Sudipta , Devshali Sagun , Dogra Priyanka
Published: June 2021

Analysis of tubing failure of SRP wells with respect to uniform corrosion, pitting and mechanical abrasion has been carried out. The primary objective includes the identification of root cause of failure and suggesting alternate metallurgy.

Many wells in an onshore field in ONGC were facing the acute problem of general corrosion, pitting and rod-tubing wear. The methodology for carrying out the study consists of a Failure Analysis of a retrieved sample of the failed tubing from one of the affected wells. This included a thorough visual inspection, Scanning Electron Microscope analysis and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The results of these tests were backed up by software simulation in Honeywell Predict. Metallurgy selection involved multiple exhaustive simulation runs in Honeywell Software Socrates which was corroborated by relevant oilfield standards as well as literature available on the subject matter.

Based on the failure analysis and simulation runs, it was concluded that besides the issue of uniform corrosion and pitting, many of the affected wells are also facing the problem of tubing failures due to abrasion and mechanical wear. It is pertinent to note that the major contributor of the frequent tubing failures in the candidate wells selected for the study were pitting and corrosion. Nevertheless, Abrasion always remains a key threat to the tubing string integrity in rod-pump wells. Therefore, the existing tubing metallurgy of N-80 grade Carbon Steel was deemed inadequate in the absence of reliable corrosion inhibitor continuous dosing facilities. A tubing metallurgy that takes care of both pitting corrosion as well as abrasion and mechanical wear was sought. UNS 41426/41427 or the modified version of 13 Chrome, commercia lly known as Super Martensitic 13 Chrome, are available in 95 ksi and 110 ksi grades. These grades have a maximum hardness of 28-32 HRC which is substantially high compared to L-80 13 Cr (maximum 23 HRC). Also, as this alloy has 4-6% Nickel, it provides added protection against uniform corrosion as well as pitting and hence was recommended.

The paper specifically analyses tubing failure in Sucker rod-pump wells due to corrosion, pitting and abrasion. After exploring various viable options, adequate tubing metallurgy has been recommended that should take care of corrosion, pitting as well as mechanical wear problems.
Discussion of Oxygen Threshold Level for Corrosion Management in Seawater Injection Systems
Authors: Ferrari Jean Vicente
Published: June 2021

Generally, in water injection systems, oxygen levels starting from around eight ppm are deoxygenated to below 50 ppm, following international standards' guidelines. This work aims to discuss the impact of such a magnitude value of oxygen contamination on steel corrosion in seawater injection systems by analysing theoretical polarisation curves and results from published works with different approaches. Corrosion models consider mass-transfer controlled diffusion of oxygen to predict the maximum steel corrosion rate, which depends on the oxygen limiting current, which in turn is strongly influenced by flow velocity. The effect of free chlorine on corrosion in seawater injection systems has also been considered and included in an oxygen equivalent parameter. In such systems, where oxygen reduction is the key cathodic reaction, the corrosion process may be under cathodic activation control, independent of flow at higher velocities or when erosion-corrosion begins. In this work, theoretical polarisation curves were constructed by using published oxygen and chlorine cathodic limiting currents (iLc) on carbon steel and a noble metal electrode, respectively. Aerated (200 ppb and 9000 ppb of oxygen) and deaerated conditions (50 ppb of oxygen) and the presence of 300 ppb of chlorine were applied to the assumed exchange current densities (io). Neutral (pH 7) and acid (pH 4) conditions (considering the presence of CO2) were also assumed to be at room temperature and pressure. Since the corrosion rate in lower oxygen concentrations (ppb order of magnitude) may result in corrosion rates of the same order of magnitude than in higher oxygen concentrations (ppm order of magnitude) when comparing and analysing results from experimental, semi-empirical or mechanistic approaches, it is necessary to weigh up the effects of both steel surface (bare or scaled/corrosion products) and flow. At oxygen concentrations below 200 ppb and under acid conditions, the contribution of H+ reduction on corrosion rate starts to be higher than oxygen reduction, mainly in the absence of chlorine.
Crevice Corrosion in Oxygen Scavenger Injection System
Authors: Keserovic Amela , Birketveit Øystein
Published: June 2021

Biulfite-based oxygen scavengers (OS) have been traditionally used in oilfields to reduce corrosion resulting from dissolved oxygen. Recent experience with a leakage in OS-A oxygen scavenger injection system has shown that the same production chemicals in neat form can cause corrosion themselves, specifically – crevice corrosion.

In this paper a tendency of three bisulfite-based oxygen scavengers to initiate crevice corrosion on 316 stainless steel (316 SS) was evaluated by means of long-term exposure tests and short-term electrochemical techniques; cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) and Tsujikawa–Hisamatsu electrochemical method (THE). The testing was performed at ambient temperature and pressure to mimic the topside injection system conditions. The tested oxygen scavengers differed in bisulfite concentration (OS-A, 341 g/L; OS-B, 328 g/L; OS-C, 750 g/L) and pH (pH 3, 6 and 5, respectively). Two 316 SS coupons were attached together using elastomer O-rings to simulate steel-to-steel crevice between. The surface of the coupons was examined at 50x magnification after the test termination.

The results presented herein showed that 30-day long exposure tests were not long or aggressive enough to provide information about the corrosivity of the chemicals in terms of crevice corrosion. Instead, the combination of short-term electrochemical techniques proved to be useful in explaining a possible cause of the leakage in OS-A injection system and allowed ranking of the products based on their tendency to initiate localized corrosion.
Improving Mean Time Before Failure MTBF in Rod Pumped Wells by Analyzing Corrosion Barriers
Authors: Chanchlani Kuldeep , Khanduja Nikhil , Gunwant Deepak
Published: June 2021

Subsurface pumps and production tubulars are one of the important means for the production of crude oil from the subsurface to the surface installation in mature oil and gas fields. The health of downhole pumps and tubulars is severely endangered by the electrochemical deterioration, which will be discussed in the context of the working environment. The extent of damage caused to sucker rods traversing down to the pump for Rod Pump wells is discussed. A self-improved corrosion management process is brought out by briefly discussing inspection, monitoring, and mitigation methods. The corrosion decision tree is critical in analyzing corrosion failure and a unique method for risk assessment. Qualitative and Quantitative Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) analysis were executed for rod pumped wells. An action plan was prepared to mitigate corrosion and/or friction-related failures. Yearly workover trend of workovers reduced as a result of action plan executed.

Oil and gas companies use a certain percentage of their operational expenditure to protect against corrosion on average. Material failure, performance improvement, cost, and safety are critical for corrosion control. Inspection and monitoring techniques are not sufficient enough to estimate future performance. By assimilating inspection, monitoring, mitigation, and prediction techniques, an extensive corrosion-management program can be developed. Remedial actions taken subsequently can then be followed strictly to counterwork against the effects of corrosion barriers. Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) can be significantly improved by following this methodology as discussed in the action plan.

Go-gauging and inhibitor wash for tubular, is the recommended method for operators in extracting subsurface oil from a corrosive environment. Corrosion decisions tree assesses the risk involved in corrosion, and corrosion management is an arrangement of barricades to impede material failure. MTBF analysis can be beneficial to the operators to understand the reason behind the failure of subsurface pumps and/or downhole production tubing.
Application of Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor in Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluid and its Overall Impact in Improving Drilling Fluid Functionality
Authors: Xionghu Zhao , Egwu Saviour Bassey , Jingen Deng , Liujie Miao
Published: June 2021

The effect of corrosion inhibitor Benzotriazole on synthetic-based mud system was studied. Rheological performance of the benzotriazole enhanced synthetic-based fluid system was studied and compared against the base mud. To study its effect on dynamic wellbore conditions, different drilling fluid compositions were placed in a hot rolling oven for 16 hours at temperatures 150 °C and 170°C and the effect of temperature on mud properties were studied. Tests carried out include rheological test (before and after hot rolling), filtrate pH, lubricity test, and fluid loss test. The corrosion penetration rate was studied using the weight loss method. Based on experiment results, the synthetic-based mud system which comprised of benzotriazole displayed a reduction in coefficient of friction up to 95.93%.

At ambient condition, optimal ratio of mineral oil:benzotriazole (M:B) which gives best lubricity performance on synthetic-based mud system is 80:20. This leads to improved corrosion inhibition and lubricity of the synthetic-based fluid by reducing the coefficient of friction up to 90.13%. Increased temperature led to further decrease in coefficient of friction with a % torque reduction of 95.93 displayed by the 80:20 ratio M:B mud composition at 170 °C. Significant alterations of the mud composition rheological and fluid loss parameters before and after exposure to high temperature in hot rolling oven were not observed. pH values were maintained ≥7 at the dynamic conditions highlighting solubility of the formulated fluid composition and absence of contaminants which can pose significant threats to the rates of corrosion in drill pipes. Increasing the concentration of Benzotriazole led to a reduction in corrosion rate. However, as the temperature effect increased, the corrosion rate elevated. Based on results from this investigation, it was concluded that Benzotriazole can be applied as a corrosion inhibitor in a synthetic-based drilling fluid system as an alternative corrosion inhibitor without significant alteration of the base mud properties. Benefits of this will be the optimization of extended reach well drilling operations due to excellent lubricity performance, corrosion rate reduction, compatibility with HPHT wellbore condition and fluid loss control.
Possible Missing Link in CO2 Corrosion Prediction
Authors: Gunaltun Yves
Published: June 2021

CO2 corrosion prediction models predict a general corrosion rate, but field failures are due to localised CO2 corrosion. That is why predicted corrosion rates are correlated to a corrosivity level. These models generally consider that the corrosion rate remains, after the initiation period, unchanged as long as operating and/or production parameters remain unchanged. However, 25 years of field experience and also some recent research results confirmed that after an initial phase of high corrosion rates, the CO2 corrosion rates may significantly decrease with time forming flat-bottom large corrosion features (mesa corrosion) and stabilise. Depending on the corrosivity level the time needed for the stabilisation would be up to about 12 months. To be noted that the stabilization has been known since 2003-2004. It was first used in 2005 for the development of two gas fields with success. In 2008, it was used for the prediction of the remaining life of gas pipelines transporting very corrosive wet gas. The use of costly CRA / cladded pipes was avoided. Gunaltun Y. and call. made the first publication about the importance of the stabilization on the remaining pipeline service life in 2009. Then, possible mechanisms of stabilization were published by Gunaltun Y. in 2012 and Gunaltun Y. and call. 2013. In the present paper the field experience, the research results and the mechanisms leading to stabilisation are discussed in detail and summarised. The main driving force is the galvanic action between anodic and cathodic zones. The clustering of corrosion features completes the process of stabilisation. Re-initiation of corrosion, after stabilisation, has not been observed neither in the laboratory nor in field. The reasons why stabilisation is a non-reversible process are also explained in detail. The conclusions are integrated in the general understanding of CO2 corrosion mechanism. Then a new method is proposed to complete the corrosion prediction approaches used by the industry. Even though some research is still needed to validate the impact of some parameters involved in the stabilisation process, the stabilisation concept is now mature enough for including it in the prediction models. It is very likely that stabilisation is one of the missing links in CO2 corrosion prediction chain.
TRIAD: a transposition-based approach for gene mutagenesis by random short in-frame insertions and deletions for directed protein evolution
Authors: Emond Stephane , Hollfelder Florian
Published: June 2021

Insertions and deletions (InDels) are among the most frequent changes observed in natural protein evolution, yet their potential has hardly been harnessed in directed evolution experiments. Here we describe the standard protocol for TRIAD (Transposition-based Random Insertion And Deletion mutagenesis), a simple and efficient Mu transposon mutagenesis approach for generating libraries of single InDel variants with one, two or three triplet nucleotide insertions or deletions. This method has recently been employed in three published examples of InDel-based directed evolution of proteins, including a phosphotriesterase, a scFv antibody and an ancestral luciferase.
Healthcare student’s perception towards e-learning approach during COVID-19 pandemic: A study protocol
Authors: Kannao Vaidehi , Naqvi Waqar M. , Arora Sakshi P.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has shaken humanity to its core. In the physical distancing, span of vaccination is the most remarkable protective measure for outspreading disease. Shutdown of universities and schools has made education undetermined at every levels. During this pandemic, the demand for a well-trained generation of upcoming doctors is greater than it has ever been in our living memory. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education now requires mandatory e-learning. However, in emerging countries like India, the scope of the challenges remains unexplored (with wide socioeconomic and cultural diversity). At this critical juncture, we want to see if online teaching approaches for medical students are as appropriate, beneficial and accessible.Method: A cross-sectional study will be conducted in Ravi Nair College of Physiotherapy, India, with a sample size of 150 students aged 18 to 30 years with the study duration will be 6 months. The participants will be asked to fill the questionnaire through an electronic survey in Google Forms. And after completion of the study result will be calculated by systemic data analysis.Discussion: During the COVID-19 pandemics, this study will assess the approach of healthcare students in perceiving online learning. The research will help understand more about their views on e-learning as a device for assisting their education throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a better understanding of this may aid in the formulation of future medical school curricula.The Institutional Ethical Clearance reference number for this study is RNPC/IEC/2020-21/0014.
The ISAD (Infraslow Neurofeedback for Anxiety and Depression) Study: A Protocol for a Trans-Diagnostic, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Dose-Response, Parallel-Group Trial
Authors: Perez Tyson , Glue Paul , Adhia Divya B , Smith Mark , De Ridder Dirk , Zeng Jiaxu , Dillingham Peter , Niazi Imran
Published: June 2021

Background: The core intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), encompassing the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN), have been shown to be dysfunctional in individual’s with internalizing disorders (IDs; e.g. major depressive disorder, MDD; generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; social anxiety disorder, SOC). As such, source-localised electroencephalogram neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) therapy targeting key cortical nodes within these networks has the potential to reduce symptoms associated with IDs and restore normal core ICN function. We intend to conduct a transdiagnostic, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, dose-response, parallel-group trial of standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography electrophysiological infraslow (<0.1 Hz) fluctuation neurofeedback (sLORETA eISF-NFB) 3 times per week over 4 weeks in participants (n=60) with IDs. Our primary aim will be to assess the clinical efficacy of sLORETA eISF-NFB via relevant patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods: We will randomly assign participants with a current diagnosis of MDD, GAD, and/or SOC to one of four groups: 1) 12 sessions of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) up-training (n=15), 2) 6 sessions of yoked-sham training followed by 6 sessions of PCC up-training (n=15), 3) 12 sessions of concurrent mid-cingulate (MCC) down-training and PCC up-training (n=15), or 4) 6 sessions of yoked-sham training followed by 6 sessions of concurrent MCC down-training and PCC up-training. Transdiagnostic PROs, as well as resting-state neuro-physiological measures (EEG; electrocardiography, ECG; electrodermal activity, EDA), will be collected from all subjects at baseline, mid-training, 1 week post-training, and 1 month post-training. We will further compare baseline PROs and neuro-physiological measures to age- and sex-matched non-ID (i.e. no ID diagnosis) controls. Discussion: This protocol will outline the rationale and research methodology for a clinical trial of sLORETA eISF-NFB targeting key nodes within the core ICNs in a population with IDs with the primary aim being to assess its specific (e.g. non-placebo induced) efficacy via PROs. Trial Registration: Our study was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR; Trial Id: ACTRN12619001428156)
Study on the Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation in the Case of Adama City of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Koricho Hingabu Hordofa , Seboka Ararsa Derese , Fufa Fekadu , Gebreyesus Tikabo , Song Shaoxian
Published: June 2021

Background
this study was conducted to explore the ecosystem services of urban forests in Adama city, central Ethiopia. Attempts were made to quantify the carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal and hydrological benefits of urban trees. The urban forest structure and composition of the city was surveyed and analyzed. The i-Tree Eco Model was employed to analyze the ecosystem services based on the current urban forests structure of the city.
Results
the result revealed that the urban trees of the Adama city stored a total of 116,000 tons of carbon. The tree species identified with higher CO2 sequestration per year were Melia azedarach (15%), Eucalyptusglobulus (8%), Carica papaya (7%), and Delonix regia (6%). In addition, 22%, 12%, 10% and 4% of carbon were stored by Eucalyptus globulus, Melia azedarach, Carica papaya and Delonix regia tree species respectively. Moreover, trees and shrubs species in the city removed about 188 thousand tons of air pollutants caused by O3, CO, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2 per year. In Adama, 35% of the urban trees’ volatile organic compaound emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus. The monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 43,781, 3,121 yr− 1 and 320,915,596 USD yr− 1, respectively.
Conclusions
it was concluded that significant quantity of CO2 and air pollutants were found being removed by the exotic tree and shrub species. However, every plant species found in the city does not mean ecologically important due their VOC emitting nature. Thus, the results of the study are valuable in increasing the awareness of the decision making bodies, the public and any stakeholders of the eco-benefits of urban trees in the mitigation of climate changes.
Evaluation of Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Balance in Preinvasive Lesions of the Cervix
Authors: Sezgin Burak , Pirinççi Fatih , Camuzcuoğlu Aysun , Şahin Eda Adeviye , Erel Özcan , Neşelioğlu Salim , Camuzcuoğlu Hakan
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the potential clinical use of dynamic thiol disulfide balance in cases with preinvasive lesions of the cervix.Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, one hundred patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and one hundred and ten healthy controls were enrolled in the study. A fully automated colorimetric system was used to determine the levels of thiol-disulfide parameters. The ischemia-modified albumin, total oxidant-antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index of the retrieved cases were further analysed.Results: Native thiol and total thiol levels are significantly lower in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group according to control group (p:0.004 and p:0.015, respectively). Disulfide level is significantly increased in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group compared to control group (p:0.004). Oxidative stress index levels in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group were observed as significantly higher according to the control group (p:0.014). Ischemia-modified albumin levels in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion group were observed as significantly higher compared to the control group (p:0.020). Disulfide levels are positively correlated with risk type of Human papillomavirus (r:0.420, p<0.001).Conclusion: The analysis of dynamic thiol disulfide balance revealed considerable oxidative damage in patients with Human papillomavirus -related cervical precursor lesions compared to women with ordinary cytology specimens. Therefore, investigation of thiol disulfide balance with presented method represents a new promising test for early diagnosis and management of women at high risk for cervical cancer.
An optimization approach for green tourist trip design
Authors: Divsalar Ghazaleh , Divsalar Ali , Jabbarzadeh Armin , Sahebi Hadi
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the Multi-Objective Multi-Modal Green Tourist Trip Design Problem (MO-MM-GTTDP) as the multi-modal variant of the orienteering problem is investigated. For this problem, a Multi-Objective mixed-integer linear model is formulated, which maximizes the total score of the Trip, minimizes the total cost of the trip as well as the total emission produced in the trip. Various transportation modes are considered for the tourist to choose to move between points of interest (POIs). The tourist choice may be affected by the transportation time and cost. Moreover, choosing the transportation mode will have an impact on the amount of trip pollutants. The cost of visiting POIs, as well as the cost of transportation between POIs, is considered as the total cost of the tour. In addition, a Multi-Objective Variable Neighborhood Search (MOVNS) algorithm is designed to solve instances of this problem. Moreover, a, E - constraint method is implemented in CPLEX and used to evaluate the performance of the presented MOVNS. New instances of the problem are generated based on the existed benchmark OP instances. The conclusion is the high quality of the proposed MOVNS algorithm solutions in practically acceptable computation time (few seconds). Finally, a small case study based on real data on several POIs in the city of Tehran is generated and used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model and algorithm in practice. For this case study, by using the multi-attribute decision-making method of TOPSIS, the obtained non-dominated solutions are ranked, and the best ones are presented to the tourist.
Exergy and Energy Analysis of a Tubular Solar Still with and without Fins: Comparative Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Sathyamurthy Prof. Dr. Ravishankar , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Chamkha Ali , Kumar Hemanth Arun , Venkateswaran Hariprasath , Manokar Athikesavan Muthu , Bharathwaaj Ramani , Vasanthaseelan Sathiyaseelan
Published: June 2021

Today, availability of clean water is hard as the residents are expanding and moving fast to achieve rapid urbanization as a result need for clean water has been raised. Solar stills are the solution to desalinate to obtain pure water. This paper represents the theoretical and experimental study of tubular solar still with and without fins. The reading was recorded from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Efficiency of TSS with fins and without fins are 23.39% and 13.76% respectively. The rate of irreversibility from the basin of TSS with flat is higher than TSS with finned absorber. Similarly, the rate of irreversibility from water is significantly reduced using finned absorber. Also, the exergy efficiency of TSS with finned absorber is higher compared to TSS with flat absorber.
Deformation and Instability Properties of Cemented Gangue Backfill Column under Step-By-Step Load in Constructional Backfill Mining
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Ran Hongyu , Feng Guorui , Du Xianjie , Zhao Yonghui , Xie Wenshuo
Published: June 2021

Constructional backfill mining with cemented gangue backfill column can solve the environmental issues caused by mining activities and the accumulation of waste gangue at a low cost. To study the deformation and instability properties of cemented gangue backfill columns during the advancement of coal mining face, five step-by-step loading paths were adapted to mimic the different loading processes of the roof. The lateral deformation at different heights and axial deformation of the sample were monitored. The results show that the deformation and instability of the backfill column have the properties of loading paths and are affected by the step-by-step loading path. When stress-strength ratio (SSR) is less than 0.6, the lateral of backfill column shrinks during the creeping process. In high-stress levels, lateral creep strain develops faster than axial creep strain. The backfill column has characteristics of axial creep hardening and lateral creep softening during the step-by-step loading process. The instantaneous deformation modulus and instantaneous Poisson’s ratio show an upward trend. The bearing capacity of backfill column under the step-by-step load is related to loading paths and is no less than uniaxial compressive strength. The non-uniformity of the lateral deformation of backfill column leads to excessive localized deformation that mainly occurs in the middle, causing the overall instability. The development of cracks of backfill column under step-by-step load could be divided into 4 stages according to SSR. Under different step-by-step loading paths, the axial creep strain rate is nearly a constant before entering the accelerated creep stage. A nonlinear creep constitutive model with a creep strain rate trigger was proposed to depict the development of axial strain under step-by-step load. This research will provide a scientific reference for the design of the advancing distance and cycle for the hydraulic support, and reinforcement of the backfill column.
DNA Barcoding of Two Narrow Endemic Plants; Astragalus Argaeus and Astragalus Stenosemioides from Mount Erciyes, Turkey
Authors: Selamoğlu handan Şapcı
Published: June 2021

The genetic resources and biological diversity of countries are very important. Biodiversity and genetic resources should be protected, especially as endemic species. In this concept, DNA barcoding studies are an effective way to identify an unknown taxon and protected the biodiversity of a country. Astragalus argaeus and A. stenosemioides are narrow endemic species from Mt. Erciyes, Turkey. To determine its phylogenetic relationships and DNA barcoding, sequence data from the chloroplast DNA (matK region) were analyzed by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. In this study, A. argaeus, A. stenosemioides samples, and 23 sequences from GenBank, including a closely related species were performed. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the matK gene region could clearly distinguish A. argaeus and A. stenosemioides from its closely related species. DNA barcoding surveys can contribute to taxonomic and biodiversity research, various molecular ecology, and population genetics studies. Also, it is possible to determine the species by separating the matK DNA gene region, which is one of the molecular characters, and A. argaeus and A. stenosemioides have been successfully barcoded for the first time; therefore, it has been shown that this gene region can be used for barcoding.
Effects Of Educational Intervention Based On Integrated Social Marketing Approach On Regular Physical Activity of Female Students: A Study Protocol For A Cluster Randomised Trial
Authors: Moeini Babak , Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan , Heidarimoghadam Rashid , Tapak Leili , Geravandi Azam
Published: June 2021

Background: A sedentary lifestyle is recognized as a risk factor for chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the factors related to regular physical activity in adolescents. Also design effective social marketing interventions on these factors in primary schools in Kermanshah (western Iran).Method: This study will be a parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted at a secondary school in Kermanshah. This protocol conforms to the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement and is registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT:IRCT20200621047858N1). This research will be conducted in three phases that correspond to the first to seventh stages of the social marketing operational model, i.e. the SMART model. Given that this study is a three-stage study, an interventional study will be conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention on regular physical activity behavior among female junior high school students. In this study, we will have an intervention group and a control group. In each area (north and south of the city), using the division by the school education department, is divided into three categories (rich, middle-income and low-income) and a simple random method is selected from each category of one school (3 intervention schools and 3 control schools. The sample size required for the intervention and control group is calculated as 108 people. Individuals are evaluated for regular physical activity according to the stages of behavior change before and after the intervention.Trial registration: IRAN Clinical Trials Register IRCT20200621047858N1 (date of registration: 2020/7/25 randomized controlled trial registered).Ethics approval: IR.UMSHA.REC.1398.952
Managing Gene Expression in Pseudomonas Simiae EGD-AQ6 for Chloroaromatic Compound Degradation
Authors: Ghosh Saheli , Purohit Hemant , Qureshi Asifa
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas simiae EGD-AQ6 showed utilization of chloroaromatic compound, 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) efficiently in its biofilm phenotype. The differential rates of accumulation of intermediate metabolite 4-chlorocatechol (4-CCA) were significant in both planktonic and biofilm phenotypes; also increased number of biofilm cells were observed during 2,4-D utilization. Interestingly, response surface analysis demonstrated the combined positive effects of 2,4-D degradation and 4-CCA accumulations. Also, gene expression profiles showed significant up-regulation of degradative and biofilm genes (particularly pellicle forming genes) in the biofilm phenotypes than their planktonic counterparts, thereby confirming occurrence of phenotype variations of Pseudomonas simiae EGD-AQ6 during chloroaromatic degradation. Furthermore, the sequence similarity of the 2-4-D catabolic genes and biofilm forming proteins (pel ABCDEFG and pga ABCD) which are responsible for building carbohydrate rich extracellular matrix, were significant with the respective organisms as revealed through genome analysis. This is the first report, which endorses this Pseudomonas simiae species to be unique in chloro-aromatic degradation through phenotype variation, thereby proving as a potential candidate in the improvement of bioremediation technologies.
Telerehabilitation program for older adults on a waiting list for physical therapy after hospital discharge: study protocol for a pragmatic randomized trial protocol
Authors: Borges Pollyana Ruggio Tristao , Resende Renan , Dias Jane Fonseca , Mancini Marisa Cotta , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira
Published: June 2021

Background: Delays in starting physical therapy after hospital discharge worsen deconditioning in older adults. Intervening quickly can minimize the negative effects of deconditioning. Telerehabilitation is a strategy that increases access to rehabilitation, improves clinical outcomes, and reduces costs. This paper presents the protocol for a pragmatic clinical trial that aims to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component intervention offered by telerehabilitation for discharged older adults awaiting physical therapy for any specific medical condition.Methods: This is a pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial with two groups: telerehabilitation and control. Participants (n=230) will be recruited among individuals discharged from hospitals who are in the public healthcare system physical therapy waiting lists. The telerehabilitation group will receive a smartphone app with a personalized program (based on individual’s functional ability) of resistance, balance, and daily activity training exercises. The intervention will be implemented at the individuals’ homes. This group will be monitored weekly by phone and monthly through a face-to-face meeting until they start physical therapy. The control group will adhere to the public healthcare system usual flow and will be monitored weekly by telephone until they start physical therapy. The primary outcome will be physical function (Timed Up and Go and 30-second Chair Stand Test). The measurements will take place in baseline, start, and discharge of outpatient physical therapy. The economic evaluations will be performed from the perspective of society and the Brazilian public healthcare system.Discussion: The study will produce evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multi-component telerehabilitation intervention for discharged older adult patients awaiting physical therapy, providing input that can aid implementation of similar proposals in other patient groups. Trial registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, RBR-9243v7. Registered on 24 August 2020.
Percutaneous Screw Fixation and Cementoplasty to Stabilize Unstable Osteolytic Fracture of Odontoid Process
Authors: Grange Loïc , Grange Rémi , Bertholon Sylvain , Morisson Stéphanie , Vassal Cécile , Tetard Marie-Charlotte , Grange Sylvain
Published: June 2021

Introduction: We relay a case of unstable lytic secondary fracture of odontoid process (C2) treated by screw fixation and cementoplasty, using a percutaneous approach. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old female patient followed for a breast neoplasia with bone concurrent metastases, suffered from diffuse cervical pain. A CT-scan showed a lytic fracture of C2. The procedure was performed using CT-scan guidance under general anesthesia. After a biphasic enhanced CT scan of the neck and cervical spine, a needle was slowly inserted to hydrodissect the jugulocarotid and prevertebral spaces up to the anterior cortex of C2 using an iodinated contrast agent solution diluted 5% with saline water. Under fluoroscopy guidance and intermittent CT monitoring, a bone pin was navigated though the anterior cortex of C2, and then advanced inside the vertebral body of C2. After checking for optimal positioning of the bone pin, a 34mm-long titanium screw was inserted into C2 until reaching the posterior cortex. The approach to the transverse fracture line of the body of the odontoid was tangential with no displacement of the bony parts. Cement injection was then performed. One month after the procedure, a CT scan showed no material displacement, and the patient had no visible skin scarring. The patient regained full mobility of the cervical spine, and the pain decreased from 7/10 before the procedure to 0/10 after the procedure according to the patient.Conclusion: Percutaneous screw fixation and cementoplasty to stabilize unstable osteolytic fracture of odontoid process is safe and feasible
Transcending the gain bandwidth limitation in semiconductors for full-colour-tunable lasers
Authors: Jiang Yi , Wei Qi , Li King Fai , Jin Mingke , Tam Hoi Lam , Li Guixin , Xing Guichuan , Cheah Kok Wai
Published: June 2021

Developing semiconductors with wide tunable gain bandwidth have always been at the forefront of laser technologies. The variation in feedback resonators can provide a useful tool for producing a relatively wide range of discrete lasing wavelengths. However, the lasing wavelength range is limited by the fundamental gain bandwidth of the single semiconductor itself. Full-colour range lasing through gain bandwidth tuning remains a daunting challenge. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of dynamically tuning amplification/lasing wavelengths in the entire emission spectrum by leveraging on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-assisted guest-host blends. The unprecedented tunability in amplification and lasing is governed by energy transfer process, which enables us to achieve wavelength-tunable semiconductor lasers spanning the full visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our distributed feedback lasers cover almost all CIE colour gamut (94%), which is 170% more perceptible colours than standard Red Green Blue colour space. These insights can guide the versatile and convenient design of semiconductor materials transcending current gain bandwidth limitation, paving the way for next generation of optoelectronic devices.
Applications of Jacobi’s Elliptic Functions in Forced Vibration in Nonlinear Rotor Dynamics
Authors: Ibrayev Gulama-Garip Alisher , Elishakoff Isaac , Kydyrbekuly Almatbek
Published: June 2021

In this paper studied a rotary system with a nonlinearity, the equations of motion of which is one of the types of the Duffing’s equations with multidegree-of-freedom, and also consider the advantages of using the elliptic function method to solve problems of this type. The system studied in this paper is also distinguished by the fact that in addition to the rotor vibrations in elastic supports with a nonlinearity, the vibrations of the foundation are also taken into account. The article presents a comparative analysis of the numerical Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg's 4-order method with an error estimate of 5-order, the approximate analytical Van der Pol’s method and the elliptic function method proposed by the authors by comparing the obtained equations of motion of the system, as well as by comparing the constructed frequency response characteristic. From the results obtained, it follows that the method proposed by the authors can serve as a more accurate, general case of previously used approximate methods.
Electronic, Optical and Vibrational Properties of B3N3H6 from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Gan Yun-Dan , Qin Han , Liu Fu-Sheng , Liu Zheng-Tang , Jiang Cheng lu , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: June 2021

The electronic, optical and vibrational properties of B3N3H6 have been calculated by means of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA). The calculated structural parameters of B3N3H6 are in good agreement with experimental work. With the band structure and density of states (DOS), we have analyzed the optical properties including the complex dielectric function, refractive index, absorption, conductivity, loss function and reflectivity. By the contrast, it is found that on the (001) component and (100) component have obvious optical anisotropy. Moreover, the vibrational properties have been obtained and analyzed.