bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurosyphilis in a young patient presented as rapid cognitive decline
Authors:   Neurology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Sibiu, Romania, Roman-Filip Corina ,   “Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania, Ungureanu Aurelian ,   Neurology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Sibiu, Romania, Prodan Liiana ,   Neurology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Sibiu, Romania, Saceleanu Vicentiu ,   Neurosurgery Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Sibiu, Romania
Published: October 2022

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum, known to have three distinct phases. The central nervous system involvement may occur as early as the second phase generally with syphilitic meningitis, but neurosyphilis always occurs in the tertiary phase with meningeal, meningovascular or parenchymal manifestations. We present the case of a rapid cognitive decline caused by neurosyphilis in a young adult, in our knowledge a very rare presentation in current practice. Even with a constant reduction of the incidence worldwide, syphilis should always be considered in young patients with rapid cognitive decline and other neurologic manifestations.
Pediatric tumefactive multiple sclerosis - a challenging case
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Nita Smaranda , Epure Diana ,   Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Sandu Magdalena ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Teleanu Daniel ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Teleanu Raluca ,   Department of Pediatric Neurology, “Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which is often diagnosed in young adults. We present a case of tumefactive multiple sclerosis in a child, an unusual form of presentation of MS, especially at this age group, delineating the clinical picture, the diagnostic difficulties and the possible therapeutic options we have gathered.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРАНСВЕРСАЛЬНИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ В ІНШОМОВНІЙ ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ
Authors: Попова Л. М.
Published: October 2022

Стаття присвячена проблемі дослідження феномена наскрізних (трансверсальних) компетентностей у сучасних світових системах професійної підготовки майбутніх педагогів. Розглянуто погляди зарубіжних науковців на зміст понять «трансверсальна компетентність», шляхи формування наскрізних компетентностей у процесі становлення спеціалістів педагогічного профілю, роль іншомовної підготовки фахівців освітньої галузі в формуванні іх конкуреннтноспроможності в сучасних умовах. Робоче середовище ХХІ століття швидко змінюється. Постійний розвиток та модифікація міжнародного ринку праці, переорієнтація до вимог цифрової індустрії 4.0. створюють нагальну потребу в запровадженні наскрізних (трансверсальних) компетентностей в навчальні програми професійної підготовки фахівців у закладах вищої освіти. Основною метою інноваційних процесів є необхідність досягнення інтеграції та злиття наскрізних навичок у розробку спеціалізованих навчальних програм підготовки майбутніх спеціалістів до володіння іноземною мовою. Сучасна соціокультурна та освітня ситуація акцентує увагу на аналізі та конструюванні можливостей формування та розвитку трансверсальних компетентностей саме в процесі іншомовної підготовки майбутніх педагогів. Тому доцільно, щоб у процесі навчання з усіх програмних дисциплін відбувалось проєктування відповідного освітнього іншомовного середовища, безперервне перетворення набутих знань і навичок у базові основи наскрізних компетенцій, які можна застосовувати незалежно від віку та діяльності. Крім того, слід враховувати, ставлення та очікування студентів у досягненні трансверсальних компетентностей, які має розвивати вища освіта. У сучасній освітній парадигмі загальний, рівень вимог до іншомовної підготовки вчителів різного фаху збільшується, важливим показником в професійному зростанні учителя є його бажання та здатність до постійного навчання впродовж життя. Хоча трансверсальне навчання може бути складним та проблематичним, воно має позитивну динаміку, сприяє подальшій результативності в професіональній діяльності педагога.
UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF SUSTAINABLE SUBMARINE DESIGN
Authors: Hammock L
Published: October 2022

Submarines are designed for a service life of more than 25 years and therefore they need to be designed to meet the needs of tomorrow as well as today. This not only means a flexible operational capability but also implies increased importance should be placed on areas such as sustainability and climate resilience in design. Although submarines, through low signature requirements, often present a lower environmental footprint than their larger ship counterparts there is still a considerable concerted effort required to ensure the platform is environmentally sustainable, throughout its entire life: from concept to end of life disposal. This paper will explore the key drivers and factors behind environmental sustainability in submarine design, with examples demonstrating how sustainable principles may be used to improve the environmental impact of the platform, without compromising the mission and whilst improving performance. The paper will also discuss the role of teamwork in achieving this goal, including how designers, customers, shipyards and suppliers can all work together to maximise the benefits of a sustainable submarine design.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUBMARINE MANEUVERING SIMULATOR
Authors: Nascimento E G , Tannuri E A
Published: October 2022

This work consisted of the implementation of a numerical model of a Submarine in the Numerical Offshore Tank of the University of São Paulo (TPN-USP) based on the concepts of maneuverability of vessels, thus creating the first Submarine Simulator with fully Brazilian technology.
La Grèce moderne ou le savoir invisible
Authors: Farnoux Alexandre
Published: October 2022

Créée en 1846, l’École française d’Athènes accueille chaque année de jeunes hellénistes dont la mission est de compléter leur formation livresque et classique par un séjour sur le territoire du tout récent État grec pour ajouter à la connaissance des textes l’expérience du terrain. À partir de 1850, l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres oriente leur travail par des questions qui doivent être traitées dans le cadre d’une exploration donnant lieu à un mémoire soumis à évaluation. Une partie de ces questions repose sur la confrontation des informations issues des sources antiques et des données qu’autorise l’autopsie et a pour objet non seulement les vestiges anciens, mais aussi l’état présent du pays. Les mémoires produits dans ce cadre entre 1850 et 1890 font ainsi preuve d’une connaissance précise et documentée du pays et de sa population, de l’histoire récente et des enjeux économiques et politiques contemporains de cette région du monde. Ce savoir produit reste cependant peu valorisé académiquement et ne trouve, à l’époque, un débouché éditorial que dans la presse d’opinion grand public où s’illustrent des savants comme Émile Burnouf, Albert Dumont, Georges Perrot ou Victor Bérard. Il faudra attendre longtemps pour que l’histoire moderne de la Grèce devienne un champs académique autonome et un objet d’étude scientifique en soi. L’article se propose de faire une rapide analyse de cette contradiction.
La corporéité de la femme dans le cinéma libanais et égyptien
Authors: Nasser Sabina
Published: October 2022

Dans le monde arabe, le corps féminin représente une source de fascination et d’inspiration pour les cinéastes. De par leur analogie, les cinémas libanais et égyptien réifient un corps féminin pour le regard masculin afin de satisfaire son seul plaisir. La femme est une résurgence d’emblèmes multiples et de paradoxes ; d’une part elle est objet de fantasme et de l’autre un sujet de désir. Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en exergue le désir et la corporéité de la femme dans le cinéma libanais et égyptien. Nous nous proposons d’analyser en premier lieu les différentes figures imaginées et imaginaires pour satisfaire le regard masculin. La pin-up, la danseuse orientale ou encore la femme fatale d’action sont des images construites par et pour le male gaze. Face à ce regard masculin dominant, s’impose peu à peu un regard féminin qui bouscule normes et fantasmes, porté par des réalisatrices engagées prônant la liberté du corps féminin.
A Model of Consumer Choice With Bounded Rationality and Reference Quantity
Authors: Bischi Gian Italo , Tramontana Fabio
Published: October 2022

The authors consider the economic problem of consumers' demand under the assumption of bounded rationality. They move from the hypothesis that the consumer does not know the amount of the good maximizing the utility but he/she is able to understand, at each time period, if the current consumption is above or below than the optimal choice and decide consequently for the next period. Moreover, they also take into consideration the role of a reference amount of consumption that can influence the consumption choice of the consumer. They show that this assumption led to a failure in the convergence process towards the rational choice because the equilibrium of the model, even when locally stable, is located on an intermediate value between the rational choice and the reference quantity.
Well-Being and Instagram Use Among University Students
Authors: Tekin Işıl , Aydin Selami
Published: October 2022

Well-being is vital for university students regarding their short-term aims and long-term benefits in their academic, social, and professional lives. It is also evident that Instagram usage may relate to their well-being regarding relationships, connectedness, loneliness, interactions, socialization, social comparison, and emotional contagion. However, research results do not show a consensus on the relationship between Instagram use and well-being. Moreover, studies mainly focus on adolescents rather than university students. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationships between well-being and Instagram use and behaviors among university students. A questionnaire to interrogate the active and passive behaviors on Instagram and the PERMA Profiler was administered to 651 university students. The descriptive and correlational data were obtained to see the levels of Instagram use and habits and well-being. The results showed that university students had a normal functional level of well-being and exhibited passive behaviors rather than active behaviors on Instagram.
Multi-Objective Big Data View Materialization Using NSGA-III
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Kumar T. V. Vijay
Published: October 2022

Present day applications process large amount of data that is being produced at brisk rate and is heterogeneous with levels of trustworthiness. This Big data largely consists of semi-structured and unstructured data, which needs to be processed in admissible time so that timely decisions are taken that benefit the organization and society. Such real time processing would require Big data view materialization that would enable faster and timely processing of decision making queries. Several algorithms exist for Big data view materialization. These algorithms aim to select Big data views that minimize the total query processing cost for the query workload. In literature, this problem has been articulated as a bi-objective optimization problem, which minimizes the query evaluation cost along with the update processing cost. This paper proposes to adapt the reference point based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, to design an NSGA-III based Big data view selection algorithm (BDVSANSGA-III) to address this bi-objective Big data view selection problem. Experimental results revealed that the proposed BDVSANSGA-III was able to compute diverse non-dominated Big data views and performed better than the existing algorithms..
Evaluation of Wall Inclination Effect on the Dynamic Response of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls Using Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tirtha Sathi , Nandan Sumit Kumar , Chakrabortty Pradipta
Published: October 2022

Shaking table tests were conducted in this study to determine the effect of facing wall inclinations, and the density of the backfill. Reduced-scale models reinforced with two layers of geogrid and fine sand as backfill were studied to identify the dynamic behaviour of mechanically stabilised earth walls. Five different angles of inclination of the facing walls were considered to study its effect on the responses. All seven models were excited by stepped amplitude sinusoidal base accelerations with incrementally increasing peak ground acceleration amplitudes and constant frequencies. The model wall's responses are compared in terms of the acceleration amplification and lateral displacements of the wall measured at different elevations. These tests revealed that horizontal displacement of the wall was maximum at the middle position of the wall. Minimum displacement was observed in the 20° inclined wall towards the backfill soil, which was 35% lower than the vertical wall. The accelerations were amplified along with the wall height. The wall having 10° inward inclination with dense backfill showed the maximum amplification (for high PGA). In the last part, an analytical study was conducted to calculate the acceleration amplifications and compared them with the experimental results. Higher values were observed in the case of the analytical approach as compared to the experimental study.
A Practitioner's Perspective of Marketing Theory Evolution
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Seshadri Usha
Published: October 2022

The study seeks to explore the history of marketing as a practice and the development of marketing as an academic discipline. The research is set out to decide whether or not marketing theory empowers young marketing practitioners. This literature review and integrative synthesis study considers the impact that neoliberal modes of governance have had on the academic discipline of marketing. The literature synthesis revealed that marketing was built as a discipline at the turn of the 20th century when universities operated under an academic paradigm where faculty were given academic freedom and autonomy. These ideals helped form the professional identity of the academic prior to the shift toward neoliberalism. Marketing is moving toward defining its place in academics as a distinct discipline—and not as a branch of economics. Finally, with a new definition of marketing, the study concludes that marketing has not yet developed an overarching theory—nor has it been able to construct a definition that is not dynamically dependent on economic theory.
Mobile-First Usability Guideline for Responsive E-Commerce Websites
Authors: Kumar Bimal aklesh
Published: October 2022

Handheld devices such as smartphones, tablets, and PDAs are commonly used for online shopping. In order to satisfy web page requests on these devices, web developers are using a responsive web design approach, where websites dynamically adapt to different screen sizes and orientations. One of the challenges faced by web developers is to provide a usable experience across different devices. Motivated by this, a mobile-first usability guideline was established by extracting good usability practices from five popular responsive e-commerce websites. Validation of the usability guideline was conducted, and results indicate that it will have a positive impact on the overall user experience.
Catalytic reduction of methylene blue by magnetite - silica composite
Authors: Wijesundara W. M. N. , Jayaruk T. C. , Wijesekera R. D.
Published: October 2022

Iron oxide nanoparticle-based nanomaterials have well-known catalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes in the water remediation process. The objective of this research was to synthesize iron oxide silica composite by sol-gel method and assess their applicability in wastewater treatment as a catalyst. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Vibration modes in FT-IR spectra show the presence of SiO2 and Fe-O bonds. The formation of Fe3O4 is shown by the XRD patterns. SEM images indicate that iron oxide particles and flakes are distributed in the silica matrix. The effects of catalyst dosage, temperature, the initial concentration of methylene blue (MB), NaBH4 concentration, foreign salts and ionic strength on MB degradation were studied. Maximum degradation of MB (99.89%) was obtained with an initial MB concentration of 20 mg dm-3, catalyst dose of 1.0 g dm-3, NaBH4 concentration of 6.25 mmol dm-3 and at a temperature of 50 °C. Common salts found in industrial wastewater such as NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 inhibit the degradation of MB, while Na2SO4 enhances the degradation rate. Iron oxide helps in electron relay from BH4- to MB and silica tends to adsorb MB molecules and provide the proximity required for the catalytic reaction.
COVID-19 vaccines and the risk of Bell's palsy
Authors: Dalpatadu K.P.C. , Chang T.
Published: October 2022

Global yearly incidence of Bell’s palsy varies between 15 to 30 per 100,000 persons1 and has been reported following viral infections and immunisations2. Although initially thought that COVID vaccines did not confer an increased risk3, recent studies report an increased incidence of Bell’s palsy following vaccination. Which of the COVID vaccines confer a greater risk of Bell's palsy and the risk of relapse following the second vaccine dose is currently unknown. Lessons learnt from a patient presenting with vaccine related Bell’s palsy and review of published literature are highlighted here to present a perspective on Bell’s palsy associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Wake Unsteadiness and Tip Vortex System of Full-Scale Helicopters in Ground Effect
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wolf C. , Braukmann Johannes , Koch Stefan , Raffel Markus , Schwarz Clemens , Weiss Armin
Published: October 2022

The main rotor wake of free–flying helicopters in ground effect was investigated during a measurement campaign with the DLR test rotorcraft Airbus Bo105 and EC135. An advanced measurement system combined high–speed schlieren imaging with point–wise constant temperature anemometry for a comprehensive analysis of the flow. In hover conditions, the wake structure was similar to earlier data, in spite of the environmental conditions, which were found to have a significant influence. The schlieren system tracked the blade tip vortices convecting along the slipstream boundary. Depending on the rotorcraft, the vortices developed either instabilities of individual filaments or cooperative pairing instabilities. Both instability types occurred one to two revolutions below the rotor plane, and the decayed tip vortices fell below the schlieren sensitivity limit soon after. The velocity footprint of the vortices was detected by fiber–film sensors further downstream along the slipstream boundary, but harmonic oscillations play a minor role in comparison to broad–banded turbulence with a Kolmogorov–like spectrum. The wake was found to be hover–like for vertical take–off cases until breaking down into low–frequency oscillations when exceeding a hub height of approximately 1.4 rotor radii. In forward flight conditions, blade–vortex interactions were found in the frontal area of the main rotor plane, and between the main rotor tip vortices and the Bo105’s tail rotor.
Investigation of Three-Dimensional Flow Structures on a Rotating Wing Using a Novel Rotating Velocimetry Technique
Authors:   Auburn University, Gururaj Abbishek , Moaven Mahyar , Morris Sarah , Raghav Vrishank , Thurow Brian
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the effects of Rossby number and Reynolds number on the evolution of forces and the flow field over a rotating wing has been studied. Force measurements were conducted for five Reynolds number (Re = 8000, 10000, 12000, 14000 & 15000) and three Rossby number cases (Ro = 4.7, 5.4 & 5.9). Quantitative flow field measurements were conducted using the rotating three-dimensional velocimetry technique for all three Rossby numbers at Re = 8000 & 15000. For the majority of the cases considered, the lift coefficient plots showed an initial steep increase, a peak and then a drop down to reach a steady state value. A steep rise and a strong peak in lift coefficient can be attributed to the formation and growth of a strong LEV. The steady state value of lift coefficient can be attributed to the continuous shedding of secondary LEVs as the wing continues to rotate. However, at select Re cases for Ro = 5.4 and Ro = 5.9, the initial steep rise in lift coefficient was not observed. Furthermore, the steady state lift coefficient at all Reynolds numbers for a given Ro was observed to be constant, and marginally higher at higher Ro. Hence, a new method was implemented to normalize the steady state lift coefficient; by normalizing the steady state lift coefficient by the corresponding Rossby number, and it was observed that the steady state lift coefficient values for all the cases collapsed onto a single value. Dye flow visualization qualitatively showed the onset, growth and shedding of both the LEV and TEV. The quantitative flow field analysis yielded a uniform LEV formation in the measurement domain considered. The circulation was determined by integrating the spanwise vorticity in the vortex core and it was observed to agree well with the lift coefficient trends for the cases considered.
Reconsidering the Theory and Application of Helicopter Maneuverability
Authors:   US Naval Test Pilot School, Tritschler John ,   US Naval Academy, Juhasz Ondrej , Holder John , McCue J.J. , O'Connor John
Published: October 2022

Energy-maneuverability diagrams are an important tool that operational pilots use to understand helicopter maneuver performance across a wide range of conditions, however these representations are based upon a number of assumptions that have not been rigorously investigated. The present work reports the results of an investigation into the theory and application of helicopter maneuverability through simulation and flight test. The computational portion of the work focused on a systematic investigation into some of the key simplifying assumptions that are commonly applied in the creation of energy-maneuverability representations. This investigation included aerodynamic simulations of steady maneuvers using a dynamic inflow model as well as a free vortex method. The flight test portion of the work provided important operational context for understanding the practical application of the simulation results. The study illustrated that the fundamental assumption employed in estimating maneuver power requirements for energy-maneuverability representations appears to be reasonable in conditions of the greatest practical relevance, however another key assumption that is invoked to convert excess power into climb performance would likely lead to overestimating the vehicle capability in important operational conditions. Additionally, the flight test data demonstrated that energy-maneuverability results for high angles of bank should be considered for trending information rather than for detailed climb performance values.
Multidisciplinary Trim Analysis Using Improved Optimization, Image Analysis, and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors:   University of Maryland, Herrmann Thomas , Baeder James , Celi Roberto
Published: October 2022

A multiobjective design optimization methodology is used to determine the trim controls that minimize power required, noise, and blade loads of a coaxial-pusher rotorcraft, and to quantify the trade-offs among those three objectives in the form of 3-dimensional Pareto frontiers. A moderate-fidelity simulation model is used, which includes blade flexibility and a free vortex rotor wake model. A hybrid optimizer is developed, which starts with a genetic algorithm and radial basis function-based response surfaces, and ends with a gradient-based refinement. A new gradient-based method for constrained multiobjective optimization is developed, based on an extension of the method of feasible directions. A new technique for the automatic interpretation of rotor maps, based on image analysis and k-means clustering is presented. A new technique based on a k-nearest neighbor algorithm predicts trimmability. These two techniques reduce the need for analyst intervention during the optimization and improve accuracy. Results are presented for a 6- and an 8-control effector coaxial configuration in high speed flight.
Practical Conceptual Design of Quieter Urban VTOL Aircraft
Authors:   NASA Ames Research Center, Silva Christopher , Johnson Wayne
Published: October 2022

A toolchain and process for conceptual design of VTOL rotorcraft, employing low- and mid-fidelity tools is presented. The approach is capable of providing more quantitatively-credible trades between noise, size, and cost metrics than the methods commonly used for conceptual design. In addition to a general conceptual design tool, the approach employs comprehensive analysis for trim, blade motion, and airloads; these are then used by acoustic analysis software to develop source sound, propagate it, and calculate noise metrics. A key aspect of the approach is flexibility to assess varied aircraft types and different technologies and design features. Vehicles are sized using a representative Urban Air Mobility design mission. Demonstration cases are presented for a single main rotor helicopter, quadrotor, sideby-side helicopter, and lift+cruise aircraft. Noise metrics used for demonstration are the FAA/EASA certification Effective Perceived Noise Levels for takeoff, flyover, and approach. The concept aircraft in this study are shown to achieve reductions in noise relative the initial design points, with changes in mission performance and cost as a consequence. Many of the designs are predicted to be tens of EPNdB quieter in the certification metrics than existing helicopters.
Contribution to Improvement of Helicopter Ditching Capability Achieved within SARAH European Research Project
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, Halbout Séverin ,   Bureau Veritas Solutions Marine and Offshore, Jullien Angélique ,   Ecole Centrale Nantes, Bouscasse Benjamin , Prakash Harish , Jus ALTAIR

	Yoann
Published: October 2022

SARAH, for Increased Safety and Robust Certification for ditching of Aircrafts and Helicopters, was a European research program addressing the controlled emergency sea landing (also called ditching). The capacity of helicopters operating above water to ditch safely (minimizing risk of injury and enable safe evacuation) is directly linked to the kinematic and the integrity of the helicopter which depend on the forces acting on the structure during the water entry. Influence of the environment characteristics (waves, wind) or impact conditions (lift, attitudes) and emergency floatation system behavior were leading parameters or element considered during the project. The improvement and the optimization of tools able to predict ditching were supported by the experimental campaign led in the wave basin of Ecole Centrale Nantes in 2018 and 2019 with a generic mock-up (scale 1/3.4) exhaustively instrumented never used until now. The results of tests have been analyzed to perform correlations with modelling tools like detailed finite element methods and semi-analytical approaches. A part of the outcomes are synthetized in this study whose perimeter is framed by development methods and tools, operational elements and performance-based certification. Elements are gathered to identify their limits and maturity in order to provide reliable predictions.
Integrated Occupant Safety for Urban Air Mobility Applications
Authors:   National Institute for Aviation Research, Olivares Gerardo ,   Siemens Digital Industries Software, Barsotti Domenic ,   TASS International, Hooijdonk Paul , Gomez Luis , Robinson Vincent , Unger Michiel
Published: October 2022

Occupant Safety must be an integral part of the overall technical and management processes associated with the design, development, and operation of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) systems. Nowadays the crashworthiness design
for aerospace applications under 14 CFR §§ *.561 and *.562 only address the dynamic response of the seat and restraint system during emergency landing conditions. In order to improve the survivability rate of occupants an
integrated safety approach is required during the design, development, and operation of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) systems. In this paper, a typical Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) under two loading conditions as
per 14 CFR §§ 27.727(a) and 27.562(b)(1) is evaluated. For this, a multibody model was developed and optimized using adaptive multivariable optimization algorithms. The results show that multibody and optimization tools in
combination with robust design methodologies can significantly reduce the development and certification efforts for eVTOL vehicles.
Spinal Injury Risk Associated with Performance Requirements for Military Rotary-Wing Seats
Authors:   US Army Aeromedical Research Lab, Lafferty Elizabeth , Chancey Valeta , Flath Nathan , McEntire Barney
Published: October 2022

Rotary-wing mishap events can expose occupants to high inertial and impact loads. Crashworthiness design requirements were developed for energy attenuating seats to mitigate the spinal column loads in these events, however a high incidence of preventable spinal injuries persist. Recent work has leveraged the advancements in anthropomorphic test devices (ATD) and developed thoracolumbar spine injury criteria as an improved method to protect a seated occupant from spinal injury. Understanding the relationship between historic acceleration parameters and the recently developed ATD based injury criteria would provide a valuable tool to guide future seat development. This study assesses thoracolumbar injury risk from 35 ATD tests subjected to vertical impact exposures at or below military crashworthiness design requirements. There was a 68% risk of spinal injury for ATD tests conducted to match
the current military specification. Lower acceleration onset rates and peak values significantly reduced calculated injury risk.
Development of an Improved Gunner Seat Restraint
Authors:   US Navy, Podob Roger ,   Soteria Mechatronics, Druff Charles
Published: October 2022

Legacy gunner seats in the H-60 family of helicopters have long been known for their poor crash performance(i) and poor ergonomics(ii). The seat occupant is poorly restrained in a crash and can move significantly away from the seat to impact other interior hard structure, causing injury and death. The poor seating and posture induced by the seat's design can lead to lost work days and reduced operational readiness due to chronic back pain. Recently, a NAVAIR program designed and developed a new gunner's seat to address the legacy seat's shortcomings. A critical component of the seat is the restraint system, which must protect the occupant in the event of a crash, yet provide a significant level of mobility away from the seat, while still buckled into the restraint, during flight to allow the aircrew to perform their mission duties. This paper discusses the symbiotic relationship between aircrew, maintainers, and engineers used to develop the completely redesigned restraint system as part of a rapid gunner seat upgrade program.
Model Predictive Approach for Short-Term Collision Avoidance
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Dikarew Alexej
Published: October 2022

Automatic helicopter flight in uncertain surroundings remains a challenging task due to sudden changes in environment, requiring fast response to guarantee safe and collision-free guidance. Increasing numbers of small unmanned aerial vehicles, which are not covered by air traffic control, pose a potential threat to rotorcraft operating in lower airspace. In order to provide collision avoidance in this scenario, the capability of reacting immediately to appearing obstacles and guiding the rotorcraft along feasible evasive trajectories is required. This paper presents an approach to short-term collision avoidance based on model predictive techniques. The proposed method, originally developed for automotive applications, finds optimal control inputs by predicting a set of trajectories utilizing a model resembling the helicopter dynamics. Compared to model predictive control no iterative optimization is adopted, resulting in deterministic execution time. The proposed method is evaluated by closed-loop simulations with a non-linear helicopter model. Additional hardware-in-the-loop simulations are conducted to examine the real-time capability of the approach.
Rust for Safe and Secure Avionics and Mission System Software
Authors:   Collins Aerospace, Taylor Max ,   Wind River, Otto Massimiliano , Ehlinger Josh , Imig Jeff
Published: October 2022

The development lifecycle of software for aircraft systems is dominated by safety and cybersecurity considerations. Software development processes and tools are being continually updated to improve and optimize these critical considerations. While the processes and tools have received continuous updates, changes to the programming languages employed for developing safe and secure software for aircraft systems have evolved at a much slower pace.

As of 2017, 63% of Department of Defense (DoD) systems were developed with the C/C++ programming languages (Ref. 1). This is representative of the dominant position that software developed with the C/C++ programming language has in existing aircraft avionics and mission systems. The C language has been around since the 1970s and C++ was first introduced in the late 1980s. These languages are very stable and their extensive supporting ecosystems have helped grow and maintain their expansive use in aerospace and many other domains. The longevity of C/C++ has enabled language, usage, process, and tool tailoring so that the software built with C/C++ can be certified for use in both safety-critical and security-critical environments.

The C/C++ ecosystems are stable and mature but have properties that make writing software embedded in aircraft avionics very challenging.
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Kim Hongsik , Jeong Byong Chang , Hong Joohyun , Kwon Ghee Young , Kim Chan Kyo , Park Won , Pyo Hongryull , Song Wan , Sung Hyun Hwan , Hong Jung Yong , Park Se Hoon
Published: October 2022

Purpose The activity and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (N+GC) were tested in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC).Materials and Methods In a prospective phase II trial, patients with cT2-T4a N0 MIBC who were eligible for cisplatin and medically appropriate to undergo radical cystectomy (RC) were enrolled. Treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 plus GC (cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (≤ ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety.Results Between September 2019 and October 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant N+GC was well tolerated. Among 49 patients who completed neoadjuvant N+GC, clinical complete response (cCR) was achieved in 59% of intent-to-treat (ITT) population. RC was performed in 34 (69%) patients. pCR was achieved in 24% (12/49) of ITT population and 35% (12/34) of RC patients. Median DFS was not reached. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and were treated with palliative therapy or surgery. Although 12 patients declined surgery and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DFS was longer in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant therapy than those without. Preoperative programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates.Conclusion Neoadjuvant N+GC was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC, regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (ONO-4538-X41; CRIS.nih.go.kr, KCT0003804).
ORCHID (Outcome Registry for CHIldren with severe congenital heart Disease) a Swiss, nationwide, prospective, population-based, neurodevelopmental paediatric patient registry: framework, regulations and implementation
Authors: Natterer  Julia , Schneider Juliane , Sekarski Nicole , Rathke Verena , Adams Mark , Latal Beatrice , Borradori-Tolsa Cristina , Bouhabib Maya , Fuhrer Kradolfer Katharina , Glöckler Martin , Hutter Damian , Kelly Janet , L’Ebraly Christelle , Pfluger Marc R. , Polito Angelo , Von Rhein Michael , Knirsch  Walter
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect. As survival has significantly improved, attention has turned to neurodevelopmental outcomes of children undergoing heart surgery in early infancy. Since multiple risk factors contribute to neurodevelopmental alterations, a nationwide registry collecting data on medical characteristics, interventions, clinical course and neurodevelopment until school-age is needed to improve the quality of management, identify risk- and protective factors affecting neurodevelopment, and facilitate multicentre trials.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Swiss Outcome Registry for CHIldren with severe congenital heart Disease (ORCHID) is a nationwide, prospective, population-based patient registry developed (1) to collect baseline characteristics and clinical data of CHD patients operated with bypass-surgery or hybrid procedures in the first 6 weeks of life in Switzerland, (2) to monitor long-term neurodevelopment, and (3) to relate clinical characteristics and neurodevelopment to identify risk and protective factors in these children. This registry started data collection relating to pregnancy, birth, preoperative course, catheter-based and surgical treatment, postoperative course and reinterventions in 2019. The primary outcome includes standardised neurodevelopmental assessments at 9 to 12 months, 18 to 24 months and 5.5 to 6 years. We expect to include 80 to 100 children per year. Correlation and regression analyses will be used to investigate risk- and protective factors influencing neurodevelopment.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS: Swiss ORCHID received support by the Accentus Charitable Foundation, the Anna Mueller Grocholoski Stiftung, the Swiss Society of Paediatric Cardiology, the Verein Kinderherzforschung, and the Corelina – Stiftung für das Kinderherz, and was approved by the cantonal ethics committees. Findings will be presented at national and international scientific meetings, and published in peer-reviewed journals. Results will also be shared with patient organizations, primary health care providers, and public health stakeholders to ensure a widespread dissemination of the results.
Swiss recommendations on perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in children
Authors: Paioni Paolo , Aebi Christoph , Bielicki Julia , Buettcher Michael , Crisinel Pierre Alex , Kahlert Christian R. , Wagner Noémie , Berger Christoph
Published: October 2022

Infection following surgical procedures leads to significant morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Sterile techniques, antibiotic prophylaxis and improved postoperative wound care have contributed to the decline of surgical site infections since the early days of surgery. Recommendations on the use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis exist for adults, but are rare for the paediatric population. Here, we provide a standardised approach to the effective use of antimicrobial agents for the prevention of surgical site infections in children contributing to a targeted and rational perioperative use of antibiotics in Switzerland.
Studies of CD45+ and CD46+ expression on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of the post-COVID patients
Authors: Dobrynina M. A. , Zurochka A. V. , Komelkova M. V. , Luo Sh. , Zurochka V. A. , Desheng Hu , Ryabova L. V. , Sarapultsev A. P.
Published: October 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the cells using S1 viral spike (S) protein, not only by binding to ACE2, but also through other cellular receptors. These candidate receptors include CD46, which, like CD45, belongs to pan-leukocyte receptors and is expressed on all types of lymphocytes. In turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by damage to almost all compartments of the immune system, mainly T lymphocytes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the expression levels of CD45+ and CD46+ in various subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection.

72 patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Using flow cytometry technique, we determined CD45+ and CD46+ (panleukocyte marker for lymphocyte gating), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+ (helper inducers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD8+ (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD56+ (TNK cells) CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD56+ (natural killers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD19+ (B lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ (activated helpers, early activation of lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, HLA-DR (activated T lymphocytes late activation of lymphocytes). Our studies have shown that a decrease in CD46+ expression in T lymphocytes (CD3+) is accompanied by similar decrease of its expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+), TNK (CD3+, CD56+), as well as in helpers T carrying markers of early activation (CD3+, CD4+, CD25+). At the same time, the most pronounced decrease was observed both among total T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells. In these patients, the expression level of CD46+ in B lymphocytes was slightly increased. Recent data suggest that there is no involvement of CD46 receptor on B lymphocytes. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect the CD46 receptor. Such exposure may lead to promotion of the long-COVID (post-COVID) symptoms in such patients, thus requiring new approaches to correction of these disorders.
Changes of blood serum cytokine profile in the patients with papillomavirus infection before and after therapeutic pregravid preparation
Authors: Chernikova Maria A. , Markelova E. V. , Nevezhkina T. A. , Matyshkina L. S. , Tulupova M. S. , Knysh S. V , Shevchenko K. G.
Published: October 2022

Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. The state of the immune system is fundamental to the outcome of infectious processes of viral and bacterial genesis, thus determining the quality of pre-gravidar preparation. The purpose of present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in papillomavirus infection and to provide immunological assessment of therapeutic efficiency in women. Materials and methods: 137 patients with papillomavirus infection were observed, at the average age of 312.5 years old. The study consisted of 2 stages: stage 1 included analysis of humoral innate immunity in women of the main group, distributed according to etiological factor, i.e., G-I was with papillomavirus infection (PVI); G-II presented with papillomavirus and herpetic infection (PVI + HVI 1/2 type); G-III included the patients with papillomavirus and Chlamydia infection (PVI + Trash.). At Stage 2, we performed immunological analysis of the therapeutic efficiency for PVI: in G-IA group with papillomavirus infection (PVI) we used Inosine pranobex (n = 11); in the IB group, Solanum tuberosum was applied (n = 10); in G-II A group with papillomavirus and herpes infection (PVI+HVI 1/2 type), we used Valacyclovir + Inosine pranobex (n = 24); in G-IIB patients Valacyclovir + Solanum tuberosum were administered (n = 23); for G-IIIA group with papillomavirus and chlamydia infection (PVI + Trash.) Doxycycline + Inosine pranobex were used (n = 20); the patients from IIIB group were treated with Doxycycline + Solanum tuberosum (n = 19). Determination of levels of IL-17A, IL-12 p70, IL-12 p40, IL- 13 in blood serum was carried out using specific reagents from RD Diagnostics Inc. (USA). Results: Before therapy, an increase in IL-17 and IL-13 (p 0.05), and a pronounced deficiency of IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p70 (p 0.001) were observed in blood serum of the patients. After the course of therapy, a decrease in IL-13 and an increase in IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p 70 were found. The IL-17 level remained without dynamic changes. The applied therapeutic approaches had a positive effect in all studied groups of patients, regardless of the drug administered.
Clinical genetic counselling and rehabilitation treatment of a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID-19
Authors: Ponomareva N. Yu. , Koshelev R. V. , Lazarev V. V. , Kochetkov A. V.
Published: October 2022

The authors present a clinical case of rehabilitation after the development of GuillainBarr syndrome, an acute autoimmune inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, in a patient who underwent a SARS CoV-2 infection. The patient previously manifested with severe comorbidities (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stenosing atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries). A diagnostic panel of single nucleotide gene polymorphisms associated with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, immunopathology, pharmacogenetics was applied using PCR-RT Genetic Passport test system, and the results were interpreted in order to predict potential complications, adverse drug reactions and the choice of biomarkers for preventive measures. We have compared clinical manifestations, comorbid background and the identified genotype features, as follows: minor homo- and heterozygous variants of ACE, AGT, CYP1A2, NOS3, PPARD, EDN, PALLD, SNX19 genes associated with predisposition to cardiovascular diseases, increasing the risk of dysregulation of blood pressure, development of endothelial dysfunction. The following gene variants were revealed: FXII, ITGA2, ITGB3, MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, PAI-1 that increase the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis, along with gene variants of ADRB3, FTO, INSIG2, KCNG11, LEP, PPARD, TCF7L2, ApoC3, PON1 associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders; polymorphisms in the genes determining the immune response, i.e., IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, CDH1, BDNF1, CRP, CCR5 (with del32 allele considered a risk factor of severe SARS-CoV-2), homozygous polymorphism of a gene of FCGR2 associated with risk of antigen-antibody-complement-mediated cytotoxicity, circulation arrest, deposition of immune complexes in endothelium of microvessels, decreased antithrombotic effects and increased procoagulant activity. Pharmacogenetic study revealed a variant of the CYP4F2 gene, a CYP2C19 gene polymorphism associated with delayed metabolism of a number of pharmaceuticals which requires higher drug dosage, or choosing a drug with a different mechanism of action; gene variants of CYP1A2, GSTP1, GSTT1 reducing efficiency of the cellular detoxification system; NAT2*5 and NAT2*6 variants determining a decrease in appropriate enzyme activities when administering a standard dose of drugs with slowdown of their detoxification, accumulation of toxic metabolites causing clinical adverse effects (hepatotoxicity, dyspepsia, lupus-like syndrome, polyneuritis). Based on the genotype that determines pathogenesis of the multifactorial pathology (including immune-mediated complications of COVID-19), a personalized approach is recommended to the patient, in terms of treatment and prevention of complications. On the basis of testing the biochemical, immunological and blood coagulation biomarkers, an adequate choice of pharmaceuticals is recommended for the patient.