bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular electrons transferred from honey probiotic Bacillus circulans inhibits inflammatory acne vulgaris
Authors: Kao Hsin-Jou , Balasubramaniam Arun , Chen Chun-Chuan , Huang Chun-Ming
Published: November 2022

Bacillus circulans (B. circulans) is widely used as an electrogenic bacterium in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. This study evaluated whether B. circulans can ferment glucose to generate electricity and mitigate the effects of human skin pathogens. The electricity production of B. circulans was examined by measuring the voltage difference and verified using a ferrozine assay in vitro. To investigate the fermentation effects of B. circulans on inhibition of human skin pathogens, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) was injected intradermally into mice ears to induce an inflammatory response. The results revealed that the glucose–B. circulans co-culture enhanced electricity production and significantly supressed C. acnes growth. The addition of roseoflavin to inhibit flavin production considerably reduced the electrical energy generated by B. circulans through metabolism and, in vivo test, recovered C. acnes count and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) levels. This suggests that B. circulans can generate electrons that affect the growth of C. acnes through flavin-mediated electron transfer and alleviate the resultant inflammatory response. Our findings demonstrate that probiotics separated from natural substances and antimicrobial methods of generating electrical energy through carbon source fermentation can help in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Body weight-supported gait training for patients with spinal cord injury: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yang Fu-An , Chen Shih-Ching , Chiu Jing-Fang , Shih Ya-Chu , Liou Tsan-Hon , Escorpizo Reuben , Chen Hung-Chou
Published: November 2022

Different body weight-supported gait-training strategies are available for improving ambulation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). These include body weight-supported overground training (BWSOGT), body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), and robot-assisted gait training (RAGT). We conducted a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect and priority of each training protocol. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases from inception to 6 August 2022. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) being RCTs, (2) recruiting participants with SCI diagnosis and requiring gait training, (3) comparing different body weight-supported gait training strategies, and (4) involving ambulatory assessments. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare different training strategies using the standard mean difference and its 95% credible interval. To rank the efficacy of training strategies, we used the P score as an indicator. Inconsistency in network meta-analysis was evaluated using loop-specific heterogeneity. We included 15 RCTs in this analysis. RAGT was had significantly more favourable performance than had the control intervention. The ranking probabilities indicated that the most effective approach was RAGT, followed by BWSOGT, BWSTT, and the control intervention. No significant inconsistency was noted between the results of the direct and indirect comparisons.
Effects of deep neuromuscular block on surgical pleth index-guided remifentanil administration in laparoscopic herniorrhaphy: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Yi In Kyong , Kim Jin-Soo , Hur Hoon , Han Do-Gyun , Kim Ji Eun
Published: November 2022

Deep neuromuscular block (NMB) has been increasingly utilized, but its role in reducing intraoperative opioid requirement has yet to be investigated. Surgical pleth index (SPI) quantifies nociception. We investigated the effects of deep NMB on SPI-guided remifentanil administration in laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. Total 128 patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy were randomly allocated to two groups of NMB: deep (n = 64) and moderate (n = 64). The remifentanil dose was assessed during intubation, from skin incision until CO2insertion, and pneumoperitoneum. Mean infusion rate of remifentanil during pneumoperitoneum was higher in moderate NMB group than in deep NMB group (0.103 [0.075–0.143] µg/kg/min vs. 0.073 [0.056–0.097] µg/kg/min,p < 0.001). Consequently, median infusion rate of remifentanil during anesthesia was higher in moderate NMB group (0.076 [0.096–0.067] µg/kg/min vs. 0.067 [0.084–0.058] µg/kg/min,p = 0.016). The duration of post-anesthesia care unit stay was longer in the moderate NMB group (40 [30–40] min vs. 30 [30–40] min,p = 0.045). In conclusion, deep NMB reduced the remifentanil requirement compared with moderate NMB in SPI-guided anesthesia for laparoscopic herniorrhaphy.
Biotechnology methods for succession of bacterial communities in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated soils and isolation novel PCBs-degrading bacteria
Authors: Hassan Hamdy A. , Alghuthaymi Mousa A.
Published: November 2022

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are persistence in the contaminated sites as a result of lacking PCBs-degrading microorganisms. Cultivation-independent technique called single-strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP) based on 16SrRNA genes was chosen to characterize the diversity of bacterial communities in PCBs polluted soil samples. The bacterial communities showed an increasing diversity from the genetic profiles using SSCP technique. 51 single products were identified from the profiles using PCR reamplification and cloning. DNA sequencing of the 51 products, it showed similarities to Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Betaproteobateria, Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, the range of similarities were 92.3 to 100%. Pure 23 isolates were identified from PCBs contaminated sites. The identified isolates belonged to genus Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Pandoraea, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus. The new strains have the capability to use PCBs as a source of sole carbon and harbor 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase (DHBDO) which could be used as molecular marker for detection PCBs-degrading bacteria in the PCBs contaminated sites. This finding may enhance the PCBs bioremediation by monitoring and characterization of the PCBs degraders using DHBDO in PCBs contaminated sites.
Design and performance of a small bath cryostat with NMR capability for transport of hyperpolarized samples
Authors: Capozzi Andrea
Published: November 2022

As of today, dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) is the only clinically available hyperpolarization technique for 13C-MRI. Despite the clear path towards personalized medicine that dDNP is paving as an alternative and/or complement to Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the technique struggles to enter everyday clinical practice. Because of the minute-long hyperpolarization lifetime after dissolution, one of the reasons lies in the need and consequent complexities of having the machine that generates the hyperpolarization (i.e. the dDNP polarizer) on site. Since some years, research groups are working to make hyperpolarization transportable. Two different methods have been developed that allow “freezing” of the nuclear spin state prior to samples extraction from the polarizer. Nevertheless, so far, all attempts of transport have been limited to a very small scale and to the level of proof-of-principle experiments. The main reason for that is the lack of adequate hardware, strategy, and control on most of the crucial parameters. To bridge the technical gap with PET and provide MRI facilities with hours long relaxing hyperpolarized compounds at controlled conditions, a new generation of low cost/small footprint liquid He cryostats equipped with a magnetically enforced cryogenic probe is needed. In this paper, we detail the theoretical and practical construction of a hyperpolarized samples transportation device small enough to fit in a car and able to hold a sample at 4.2 K for almost 8 h despite the presence of a cryogenically-demanding purpose-built probe that provides enough magnetic field upon insertion of the sample and NMR quality homogeneity at storage position. Should transportable hyperpolarization via DNP become a reality, we herein provide important details to make it possible.
Deep learning-based quantification of NAFLD/NASH progression in human liver biopsies
Authors: Heinemann Fabian , Gross Peter , Zeveleva Svetlana , Qian Hu Sheng , Hill Jon , Höfer Anne , Jonigk Danny , Diehl Anna Mae , Abdelmalek Manal , Lenter Martin C. , Pullen Steven S. , Guarnieri Paolo , Stierstorfer Birgit
Published: November 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 24% of the world's population. Progression of early stages of NAFLD can lead to the more advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately to cirrhosis or liver cancer. The current gold standard for diagnosis and assessment of NAFLD/NASH is liver biopsy followed by microscopic analysis by a pathologist. The Kleiner score is frequently used for a semi-quantitative assessment of disease progression. In this scoring system the features of active injury (steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning) and a separated fibrosis score are quantified. The procedure is time consuming for pathologists, scores have limited resolution and are subject to variation. We developed an automated deep learning method that provides full reproducibility and higher resolution. The system was established with 296 human liver biopsies and tested on 171 human liver biopsies with pathologist ground truth scores. The method is inspired by the way pathologist's analyze liver biopsies. First, the biopsies are analyzed microscopically for the relevant histopathological features. Subsequently, histopathological features are aggregated to a per-biopsy score. Scores are in the identical numeric range as the pathologist’s ballooning, inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis scores, but on a continuous scale. Resulting scores followed a pathologist's ground truth (quadratic weighted Cohen’s κ on the test set: for steatosis 0.66, for inflammation 0.24, for ballooning 0.43, for fibrosis 0.62, and for the NAFLD activity score (NAS) 0.52. Mean absolute errors on a test set: for steatosis 0.29, for inflammation 0.53, for ballooning 0.61, for fibrosis 0.78, and for the NAS 0.77).
Composites cement/BaSO4/Fe3O4/CuO for improving X-ray absorption characteristics and structural properties
Authors: Gharissah Muh. Syahrial , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Pauziah Sitti Rahmah , Muhammad Nurul Awaliyah , Rahmat Roni , Heryanto Heryanto , Tahir Dahlang
Published: November 2022

Composite cement/BaSO4/Fe3O4/CuO with a thickness of 0.6 cm for various amounts of CuO: 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt% were successfully synthesized for the X-ray radiation shield. The bonding characteristics of composite and structural properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectra for the wavelength range of 4000–400 cm−1 and X-ray diffraction with the range of 2θ from 25° to 50°, respectively. The shielding ability was measured using a mobile X-ray with an energy of 55, 66, and 77 keV for determining the mass and linear attenuation coefficient, electronic and atomic cross-section. These shield characteristics best agreement with theoretical calculation from the XCOM database for energy < 77 keV with half value layer (HVL) < 0.3 cm. The best shielding in this study indicated by the lowest HVL and MFP is composite for CuO 8 wt%. The HVL and MFP shows better values compared to the previous reported using composite rubber-based, indicated high potentials composite in this study for design new and efficient radiology rooms as an alternative concrete, especially for X-ray radiation, in the future.
Iron deficiency anaemia: prevalence and associated factors among residents of northern Asir Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Belali Tareg M.
Published: November 2022

Iron deficiency anaemia is known to be one of the most common disorders that are associated with malnutrition. This study was conducted to form an understanding of the prevalence of Iron deficiency Anaemia (IDA) and evaluate its risk factors among the residents of the northern Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Understanding the prevalence of IDA in different populations is important not only for therapeutic purposes but also for preventing the development of IDA in a given community. Moreover, this study was conducted to raise awareness about the significance of following iron-rich diet among high-risk groups such as women and children. This study collected data from 683 anaemic patients who are enrolled at the haematology unit in the Department of Internal Medicine at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha Saudi Arabia. 398 participants who have IDA were included in this study where the collected data from the subjects included Age, gender, education, marital status, nationality, consanguinity, dietary habits and the clinical presentation of the participants. Our findings have shown that the prevalence of IDA among the participants is 58.27% where children under the age of 10 and females are the most affected individuals. Adults over 40, unmarried, and non-Saudis represented the second most affected portion of the subjects. IDA was prevalent among participants who shared the same ancestors and individuals with limited education. Moreover, participants did not consume sufficient iron and iron enhancing food or supplements. Inadequate iron intake is a major risk factor for anaemia. Low red fish and meat consumption contributed to the increase in ID. Findings highlight the need to raise awareness about the importance of a balanced diet and regular consumption of iron-containing food.
Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria act as a global filter for plant establishment on islands
Authors: Delavaux Camille S. , Weigelt Patrick , Magnoli Susan M. , Kreft Holger , Crowther Thomas W. , Bever James D.
Published: November 2022

Island biogeography has classically focused on abiotic drivers of species distributions. However, recent work has highlighted the importance of mutualistic biotic interactions in structuring island floras. The limited occurrence of specialist pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi have been found to restrict plant colonization on oceanic islands. Another important mutualistic association occurs between nearly 15,000 plant species and nitrogen-fixing (N-fixing) bacteria. Here, we look for evidence that N-fixing bacteria limit establishment of plants that associate with them. Globally, we find that plants associating with N-fixing bacteria are disproportionately underrepresented on islands, with a 22% decline. Further, the probability of N-fixing plants occurring on islands decreases with island isolation and, where present, the proportion of N-fixing plant species decreases with distance for large, but not small islands. These findings suggest that N-fixing bacteria serve as a filter to plant establishment on islands, altering global plant biogeography, with implications for ecosystem development and introduction risks.
Electron cryotomography of SARS-CoV-2 virions reveals cylinder-shaped particles with a double layer RNP assembly
Authors: Calder Lesley J. , Calcraft Thomas , Hussain Saira , Harvey Ruth , Rosenthal Peter B.
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is a lipid-enveloped Betacoronavirus and cause of the Covid-19 pandemic. To study the three-dimensional architecture of the virus, we perform electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) on SARS-Cov-2 virions and three variants revealing particles of regular cylindrical morphology. The ribonucleoprotein particles packaging the genome in the virion interior form a dense, double layer assembly with a cylindrical shape related to the overall particle morphology. This organisation suggests structural interactions important to virus assembly.
Spatial modeling of vaccine deserts as barriers to controlling SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rader Benjamin , Astley Christina M. , Sewalk Kara , Delamater Paul L. , Cordiano Kathryn , Wronski Laura , Rivera Jessica Malaty , Hallberg Kai , Pera Megan F. , Cantor Jonathan , Whaley Christopher M. , Bravata Dena M. , Lee Leslie , Patel Anita , Brownstein John S.
Published: November 2022

Background

COVID-19 vaccine distribution is at risk of further propagating the inequities of COVID-19, which in the United States (US) has disproportionately impacted the elderly, people of color, and the medically vulnerable. We sought to measure if the disparities seen in the geographic distribution of other COVID-19 healthcare resources were also present during the initial rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods

Using a comprehensive COVID-19 vaccine database (VaccineFinder), we built an empirically parameterized spatial model of access to essential resources that incorporated vaccine supply, time-willing-to-travel for vaccination, and previous vaccination across the US. We then identified vaccine deserts—US Census tracts with localized, geographic barriers to vaccine-associated herd immunity. We link our model results with Census data and two high-resolution surveys to understand the distribution and determinates of spatially accessibility to the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

We find that in early 2021, vaccine deserts were home to over 30 million people, >10% of the US population. Vaccine deserts were concentrated in rural locations and communities with a higher percentage of medically vulnerable populations. We also find that in locations of similar urbanicity, early vaccination distribution disadvantaged neighborhoods with more people of color and older aged residents.

Conclusion

Given sufficient vaccine supply, data-driven vaccine distribution to vaccine deserts may improve immunization rates and help control COVID-19.
Dual mode of voltammetric studies on Cu(ii) complexes of His2 peptides: phosphate and peptide sequence recognition
Authors: Tobolska Aleksandra , Głowacz Klaudia , Ciosek-Skibińska Patrycja , Bal Wojciech , Wróblewski Wojciech , Wezynfeld Nina E.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we have proposed the double application of voltammetric studies on the Cu(ii) oxidation process of Cu(ii)–peptide complexes in the recognition of phosphate species and identification of His2 peptide sequences.
Interplay between anisotropy and magnetic exchange to modulate the magnetic relaxation behaviours of phenoxo bridged Dy2dimers with axial β-diketonate co-ligands
Authors: Roy Soumalya , Shukla Pooja , Ahmed Naushad , Du Ming-Hao , Tarannum Ibtesham , Kong Xiang-Jian , Gupta Tulika , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Das Sourav
Published: November 2022

According to this study, the magnetic exchange and anisotropy of Dy2complexes 1–3 were changed by axial-diketonate co-ligands, which controlled the SMM behaviors. Anisotropy of DyIIIsites and barriers amended while JDy-Dystrength decreased in 1–3.
Improved electrical conductivity of Co(ii) and Cu(ii) ladder polymers in the fabrication of photoresponsive Schottky devices
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Das Dhananjoy , Raksha Kumari , Sinha Chittaranjan , Khanra Sumit , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: November 2022

This work presents a comparison of the semiconducting properties and Schottky device applications of Co(ii)/Cu(ii) based coordination polymers.
Early-stage responses toPlasmodiophora brassicaeat the transcriptome and metabolome levels in clubroot resistant and susceptible oilseedBrassica napus
Authors: Adhikary Dinesh , Kisiala Anna , Sarkar Ananya , Basu Urmila , Rahman Habibur , Emery Neil , Kav Nat N. V.
Published: November 2022

Primary metabolites and genes corresponding to important metabolic pathways that may be potentially involved in mediating resistance to clubroot disease in canola were identified. Arrows indicate increase in metabolite levels and gene expression.
Combined photoredox/engineered P450 enzymatic direct dioxygen-functionalization of arylalkanes to chiral acyloins
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Hezhen , Wei Chunyong , Zhang Lei , Cui Baodong , Wang Zhongqiang , Zhang Yun , Wan Nanwei , Aisa Haji Akber , Chen Yongzheng
Published: November 2022

This study has described an efficient, mild, and highly enantioselective one-pot two-step cascade reaction to access chiral α-hydroxyketones from arylalkanes, combining photoredox/P450 enzymatic direct dioxygen-functionalization of arylalkanes α/β C–H bonds.
Recent progress in nickel-catalyzed carboboration of alkenes
Authors: Ye Yang , Lin Ying , Mao Nian-Dong , Yang Huimin , Ye Xiang-Yang , Xie Tian
Published: November 2022

This Review provides the community with a comprehensive summary of the application of the Ni-catalyzed carboboration strategy by carefully classifying the reaction types and detailing useful examples.
Accelerated solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptides containing multipleN-glycosylated sites
Authors: Strauss Poriah , Nuti Francesca , Quagliata Michael , Papini Anna Maria , Hurevich Mattan
Published: November 2022

High-Temperature Fast-Stirring Solid-Phase synthesis accelerated the preparation of peptides containing multipleN-glycosylation sites.
Thermoresponsive polymers in non-aqueous solutions
Authors: Concilio Matilde , Beyer Valentin P. , Becer C. Remzi
Published: November 2022

Polymers does not only show phase transition in aqueous solutions but they also do in organic solvents, which is the focus of this review article.
Visible light-initiated living cationic dark polymerization
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Pei , Huang Lei , Chen Chuanshuang , Qi Meiwei , Jiang Wenfeng , Yu Chunyang , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: November 2022

A metal-free, visible light-initiated living cationic dark polymerization system using tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl tetrafluoroborate as the photocatalyst and methanol as the chain transfer agent (CTA) is demonstrated.
Assessment of a host–guest interaction in a bilayer membrane model
Authors: Kumari Harshita , Negin Saeedeh , Eisenhart Andrew , Patel Mohit B. , Beck Thomas L. , Heinrich Frank , Spikes Helena J. , Gokel George W.
Published: November 2022

Neutron reflectance and computational modeling reveal that a dialkyl lariat ether complexes tetracycline hydrochloride and enhances penetration into a model bilayer membrane.
Exploring novel heterojunctions based on the cerium metal–organic framework family and CAU-1, as dissimilar structures, for the sake of photocatalytic activity enhancement
Authors: Goudarzi Moein Darabi , Khosroshahi Negin , Safarifard Vahid
Published: November 2022

Ce-based metal–organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) are excellent photocatalysts due to their high efficiency in charge transportation.
Guided discovery of chemical reaction pathways with imposed activation
Authors: Lavigne Cyrille , Gomes Gabe , Pollice Robert , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: November 2022

Activation of a single user-selected coordinate such as stretching of a bond combined with a constrained conformer search via metadynamics allows chemical reaction pathways and the associated transition structures to be explored comprehensively.
The nonlinear motion of cells subject to external forces
Authors: Ioratim-Uba Aondoyima , Loisy Aurore , Henkes Silke , Liverpool Tanniemola B.
Published: November 2022

To develop a minimal model for a cell moving in a crowded environment such as in tissue, we investigate the response of a liquid drop of active matter moving on a flat rigid substrate to forces applied at its boundaries.
Crystallization and molecular mobility in renewable semicrystalline copolymers based on polycaprolactone and polyisosorbide
Authors: Bouyahya Chaima , Bikiaris Nikolaos D. , Zamboulis Alexandra , Kyritsis Apostolos , Majdoub Mustapha , Klonos Panagiotis A.
Published: November 2022

Molecular dynamics and crystallization studies in renewable PCL-PIS block copolymers, assessed by thermodynamical and structural techniques.
Correction: Construction of durable superhydrophobic and anti-icing coatings via incorporating boroxine cross-linked silicone elastomers with good self-healability
Authors: Liang Hengfei , Kuang Qi , Hu Chengyao , Chen Jun , Lu Xiaohui , Huang Yawen , Yan Hui
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Construction of durable superhydrophobic and anti-icing coatings via incorporating boroxine cross-linked silicone elastomers with good self-healability’ by Hengfei Liang et al., Soft Matter, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sm01106a.
Pressure-sensitive Ce3+ photoluminescence in LiCaY5(BO3)6: high internal quantum yields and energy transfer to Tb3+
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Yunwei , Jiang Pengfei , Wen Ting , Wang Yonggang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: November 2022

LiCa(Y0.99Ce0.01)5(BO3)6 has a high IQY of 51%, which can be enhanced to 89% by co-doping 20% Tb3+. The maximal wavelength of Ce3+ PL emission is highly sensitive to the applied pressure, which exhibits a linear red-shift (∼43 nm) up to 20.1 GPa.
Distinctive synthesis of CdS-based photocatalysts based on a Prussian blue analog induction strategy for efficient solar-driven water splitting applications
Authors: Li Yanbing , Jin Zhiliang , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: November 2022

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are the oldest artificial cyanide-based coordination polymers similar to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in structure, composition, and physicochemical properties.
Structural influences of proquinoidal acceptor moieties on transistor performance and doping capability for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based dual-acceptor conjugated polymers
Authors: Wu Ying-Sheng , Li Jian-Sian , Chang Chih-Yuan , He Waner , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Lin Yan-Cheng , Chen Wen-Chang , Chueh Chu-Chen
Published: November 2022

Three DPP-based dual-acceptor conjugated polymers comprising different proquinoidal heterocyclic acceptors are synthesized and their structure–property relationship using a transistor and their conductive states by doping are investigated.
Understanding the emission from dendrimers composed of thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based dendrons and a phosphorescent fac-tris[2-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(phenyl)quinoline]iridium(iii) core
Authors: Jang Junhyuk , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Thamarappalli Akash , Gao Mile , Koodalingam Manikandan , Burn Paul L. , Puttock Emma V. , Shaw Paul E.
Published: November 2022

Two light-emitting dendrimers composed of red phosphorescent fac-tris[2-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(phenyl)quinoline]iridium(iii) cores and either blue (BR) or green (GR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based (TADF-based) dendrons have been prepared.
Chiral coordination compounds with exceptional enantioselectivity
Authors: Lee Minju , Ok Kang Min
Published: November 2022

The new homochiral Zn-based coordination compounds reveal excellent enantioselective sensing behavior toward d- and l-histidine attributed to the host–guest interactions through the rigid chiral backbones.
A feasible pathway to stabilize monoclinic and tetragonal phase coexistence in barium titanate-based ceramics
Authors: Necib Jallouli , López-Sánchez Jesús , Rubio-Marcos Fernando , Serrano Aída , Navarro Elena , Peña Álvaro , Taoufik Mnasri , Smari Mourad , Rojas-Hernández Rocío Estefanía , Carmona Noemí , Marín Pilar
Published: November 2022

Multiphase coexistence has attracted significant interest in recent years because its control has entailed a significant breakthrough for the piezoelectric activity enhancement of lead-free piezoelectric oxides.
Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Recovery in Susac Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Suman Narayana Swamy , Poovaiah Prashasti P. , Rangarajan Anush , Tiwari Ravindu , Nashi Saraswati , Yuvraj Pradeep , Rajasekaran Aravind Kumar
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Susac syndrome (SS) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the brain and the retina and causes unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Although vestibular dysfunction is reported in SS, limited information is available underlying the vestibular pathophysiology.

Method:

The diagnosis of SS was established based on symptoms and diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance imaging and fundus fluorescein angiography. The audiovestibular evaluation was done on the seventh day of admission (Session 1) into the emergency unit, whereas the second and third evaluations were done at 3-month (Session 2) and 8-month (Session 3) follow-ups after discharge, respectively. The audiovestibular test battery consisted of routine audiological tests, auditory brainstem response, and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs; both cervical and ocular).

Results:

We found unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and absent cervical VEMPs(cVEMPs) when testing the left ear during Session 1. In the following sessions, the unilateral hearing loss did not recover; however, cVEMPs were present bilaterally. The ocular VEMPs showed an increase in amplitude during Sessions 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

SS can selectively disrupt auditory and vestibular structures. It may present with unique findings of audiovestibular tests. A detailed audiovestibular evaluation may be essential in patients with SS.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21513843
Conversation as an Outcome of Aphasia Treatment: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Azios Jamie H. , Archer Brent , Simmons-Mackie Nina , Raymer Anastasia , Carragher Marcella , Shashikanth Shriya , Gulick Eleanor
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Conversation-focused speech-language pathology services are a top priority for people living with aphasia, but little is known about how researchers measure conversation as an outcome of treatment. This scoping review was undertaken to systematically review the evidence regarding the measurement of conversation in aphasia studies and to identify current practices and existing gaps.

Method:

A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between January 1995 and September 2019 in multiple electronic databases. Covidence software was used to manage search results, study selection, and data charting processes. Data were extracted from each study and then collated and organized to elucidate the breadth of approaches, tools, or procedures oriented to measuring conversation as an outcome and identify gaps in the existing literature.

Results:

The systematic search of the literature resulted in 1,244 studies. A total of 64 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The review summarizes the various tools and procedures used to measure conversation as an outcome of aphasia intervention, including variations in data collection and analysis procedures. The review also evaluates the quality of conversation measures in terms of psychometric properties and informal measures of validity. There was a total of 211 measures used across the 64 studies.

Conclusions:

While there was no clear measure that was objectively superior, several measures show promise and warrant future exploration. Some of the orientations, conceptualizations, and procedures we have presented can be seen as options that might be included in a future conversation-focused core outcome set.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21514062
3D inverse synthetic aperture radar image quality improvement using sparse signal representation
Authors: Mehrpooya Ali , Karbasi Seyed Mohammad , Nazari Milad , Abbasi Zahra , Nayebi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: November 2022

Generalisation of one‐dimensional dictionary learning (1DDL) algorithms to Multidimensional (MD) mode and its utilisation in MD data applications, increases the speed and reduces the computational complexity. An example of such an application is 3D inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image reconstruction and noise reduction. In this study, in addition to MD mode generalisation, the formulation structure of the multidimensional dictionary learning (MDDL) problem is discussed followed by two novel algorithms to solve it. The first one is based on the K‐singular value decomposition algorithm for 1DDL, which uses alternating minimisation and singular value decomposition. The second algorithm is the extension of the sequential generalisation of K‐means 1DDL algorithm to the MD mode. Moreover, the MD tensor denoising method based on the MDDL algorithm (MDDL‐ALG) is proposed. As an application, the proposed method is used to denoise the 3D ISAR image. The numerical simulations reveal that the proposed methods, in addition to reducing the memory consumption and the computational complexity, also enjoy higher convergence rate in comparison to 1D algorithms. Specifically, convergence speed of MD algorithms, depending on the training data size, is up to at least 10 times faster than the equivalent 1D counterparts. As revealed through the simulations, the amount of signal to noise ratio recovered by the proposed methods is almost 2 dB higher than the case using a pre‐designed dictionary for denoising. Moreover, it outperforms about 10 dB over the case with the conventional 3D‐IFFT method for image construction.
Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities
Authors: Paiho Satu , Tuominen Pekka , Rökman Jyri , Ylikerälä Markus , Pajula Juha , Siikavirta Hanne
Published: November 2022

This article explores ways to leverage city data in smart cities and how data virtualisation can help overcome some of the barriers and create new opportunities for data usage. By combining data sources, data virtualisation can help overcome technical and regulatory challenges, and create new value. The topic was approached from three perspectives: the exploitation of city data, the potential for data virtualisation to utilise city data, and the detection of gaps for future use of city data. Finnish cities are interested in utilisation of the rich data they have within the city and new data that is gathered by different actors. However, there is a gap between the potential and the current situation. When city data is generated continuously from different functions, the scattered data storages can be utilised efficiently with data virtualisation. The city itself, commercial operators, governments and individuals all benefit about the deeper understanding of city functions. Sharing data from different systems and sectors creates opportunities for measuring also other but financial benefits. In the case of city bicycles studied in the city of Kuopio, expanded usage of the bicycles was seen as benefiting citizens' wellbeing and health.
Self‐supervised multimodal fusion transformer for passive activity recognition
Authors: Koupai Armand K. , Bocus Mohammud J. , Santos‐Rodriguez Raul , Piechocki Robert J. , McConville Ryan
Published: November 2022

The pervasiveness of Wi‐Fi signals provides significant opportunities for human sensing and activity recognition in fields such as healthcare. The sensors most commonly used for passive Wi‐Fi sensing are based on passive Wi‐Fi radar (PWR) and channel state information (CSI) data, however current systems do not effectively exploit the information acquired through multiple sensors to recognise the different activities. In this study, new properties of the Transformer architecture for multimodal sensor fusion are explored. Different signal processing techniques are used to extract multiple image‐based features from PWR and CSI data such as spectrograms, scalograms and Markov transition field (MTF). The Fusion Transformer, an attention‐based model for multimodal and multi‐sensor fusion is first proposed. Experimental results show that the Fusion Transformer approach can achieve competitive results compared to a ResNet architecture but with much fewer resources. To further improve the model, a simple and effective framework for multimodal and multi‐sensor self‐supervised learning (SSL) is proposed. The self‐supervised Fusion Transformer outperforms the baselines, achieving a macro F1‐score of 95.9%. Finally, this study shows how this approach significantly outperforms the others when trained with as little as 1% (2 min) of labelled training data to 20% (40 min) of labelled training data.
Methodological approaches to digitalization of biotechnological processes in industrial viticulture
Authors: Egorov Evgeniy , Shadrina Zhanna , Kochyan Gayane
Published: November 2022

Factors affecting the stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in industrial viticulture have been identified. Destructive changes in the elements of grape agrocenosis in the conditions of changing climatic factors and chemical-technogenic intensification of production are determined. A generalizing characteristic of the biologization of intensification processes in industrial viticulture is given. It is established that the strategic appearance of promising technologies in viticulture is determined by modern methods of process biologization and their management based on digital technologies. The functional content of digitalization of management of biotechnological processes in grape agrocenoses is identified. An algorithm for the formation of digital technologies for managing biotechnological processes is proposed, including: the formation of multifunctional databases and data banks on technology elements, the formation of digital applications, the formation of an empirical database and geocoded collection of information on technological operations, cognitive modeling of system relationships and the formation of cognitive maps that determine the influence of external and internal environmental factors on functional areas of influence, the development of a system program prototype architectures, approbation and verification of the adequacy of digital technologies. An assessment of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the management of biotechnological processes in viticulture is given.
The Effect of pesticide usage on grape yeast
Authors: Yao Meiling , Wang Fei , Arpentin Gheorghe
Published: November 2022

For the conventional vineyard, reducing the pesticide usage is the most important issue for converting to organic vineyard. In order to study the effect of pesticide usage on grape yeast, an investigation were designed in vintage 2020, ten vineyards (include two organic vineyards) with different treatment frequency index (TFI) were chosen, and the yeast population counted by two method: cultivate method and the direct epifluorescence technique (DEFT). The results show, the grape yeast from Moldova exist the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. In organic vineyards, less proportion yeast reach the VBNC, however the opposite conclusion draw from conventional vineyards. High TFI with high level VBNC yeast population, inversely, less culturable yeast. No matter in which yeast state, the treatment of powdery mildew is the most influential factor on yeast population.
Stability in Affine Optimal Control Problems Constrained by Semilinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Domínguez Corella Alberto , Jork Nicolai , Veliov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates stability properties of affine optimal control problems constrained by semilinear elliptic partial differential equations. This is done by studying the so called metric subregularity of the set-valued mapping associated with the system of first order necessary optimality conditions. Preliminary results concerning the differentiability of the functions involved are established, especially the so-called switching function. Using this ansatz, more general nonlinear perturbations are encompassed, and under weaker assumptions than the ones previously considered in the literature on control constrained elliptic problems. Finally, the applicability of the results is illustrated with some error estimates for the Tikhonov regularization.
Rhabdomyolysis Caused by Hypothyroidism: Research Progress
Authors: Zhou Qingju , Li Bin , Tian Xin
Published: November 2022

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) refers to the clinical syndrome caused by the release of intracellular substances into the extracellular fluid and blood circulation after rhabdomyocyte destruction due to various etiologies. In severe cases, RM can lead to life-threatening conditions such as acute kidney injury. Hypothyroidism is a rare cause of RM that can lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, and the condition worsens in the absence of timely and effective treatment. Herein, reported cases of RM caused by hypothyroidism are summarized, and clinical diagnosis and treatment recommendations are proposed to facilitate early identification and treatment of the disease.
Beeinflusst Diabetes mellitus die Adhärenz von Glaukompatienten?
Authors: Zhao Qifan Felix , Hirneiss Christoph
Published: November 2022

Bei chronisch progredienten und therapierbaren Erkrankungen ist die Adhärenz der Patienten ausschlaggebend für den Krankheitsverlauf und entscheidet maßgeblich über den Therapieerfolg.
Dabei ist nicht nur eine geringe Adhärenz bei der Medikamenteneinnahme problematisch, sondern auch beim Einhalten der empfohlenen Nachuntersuchungen. Eine akkurate Einschätzung der Adhärenz
ist insbesondere bei Glaukompatienten nur schwer möglich aufgrund der Darreichungsform als Augentropfen bei den meisten drucksenkenden Medikamenten. In der Literatur lässt sich eine große
Variabilität an Angaben für die Adhärenz von Glaukompatienten finden. Die meisten Studien berichten eine durchschnittliche Arzneimitteladhärenz von ungefähr 70% mit einem Patientenanteil von
um die 50% mit einer guten Adhärenz (mindestens 80% der Medikation wird wie geplant appliziert). Des Weiteren landen 6,8 – 31,4% der Augentropfen nicht im Auge, wodurch noch weniger
Wirkstoff einen therapeutischen Effekt erzielen kann. Auch weisen Glaukompatienten eine geringe Persistenz und Adhärenz in puncto Kontrolluntersuchungen auf. Da ein bestehender Diabetes das
Risiko für ein POAG und sekundäre Glaukomformen steigert und Diabetiker eine besonders niedrige Adhärenz aufweisen, stellte sich die Frage, ob eine Diabetesdiagnose mit einer erniedrigten
Adhärenz bei Glaukompatienten assoziiert ist. Bisherige Studien fanden keine signifikante Assoziation zwischen einer Diabeteskomorbidität und einer erniedrigten Adhärenz bei
Glaukompatienten, allerdings wurde ein signifikanter Einfluss von einem erhöhten HbA1c-Wert auf die Adhärenz bei Glaukompatienten in einer Studie festgestellt. Dieser Zusammenhang
muss allerdings noch in Studien mit größeren Stichproben genauer untersucht werden.
Australasian Institute of Digital Health Summit 2022–Automated Social Media Surveillance for Detection of Vaccine Safety Signals: A Validation Study
Authors: Khademi Habibabadi Sedigheh , Palmer Christopher , Dimaguila Gerardo L. , Javed Muhammad , Clothier Hazel J. , Buttery Jim
Published: November 2022

Background Social media platforms have emerged as a valuable data source for public health research and surveillance. Monitoring of social media and user-generated data on the Web enables timely and inexpensive collection of information, overcoming time lag and cost of traditional health reporting systems.

Objectives This article identifies personally experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine reactions expressed on Twitter and validate the findings against an established vaccine reactions reporting system.

Methods We collected around 3 million tweets from 1.4 million users between February 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022, using COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine reactions keyword lists. We performed topic modeling on a sample of the data and applied a modified F1 scoring technique to identify a topic that best differentiated vaccine-related personal health mentions. We then manually annotated 4,000 of the records from this topic, which were used to train a transformer-based classifier to identify likely personally experienced vaccine reactions. Applying the trained classifier to the entire data set allowed us to select records we could use to quantify potential vaccine side effects. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) referred to in these records were compared with those reported to the state of Victoria's spontaneous vaccine safety surveillance system, SAEFVIC (Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community).

Results The most frequently mentioned potential vaccine reactions generally aligned with SAEFVIC data. Notable exceptions were increased Twitter reporting of bleeding-related AEFI and allergic reactions, and more frequent SAEFVIC reporting of cardiac AEFI.

Conclusion Social media conversations are a potentially valuable supplementary data source for detecting vaccine adverse event mentions. Monitoring of online observations about new vaccine-related personal health experiences has the capacity to provide early warnings about emerging vaccine safety issues.
Surgical Considerations of One-Stage Reconstruction of Large Extremity Defects Using a Thin Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Seok Moon Chul , Park Bo Young
Published: November 2022

Background One-stage reconstruction with “thin perforator flaps” has been attempted to salvage limbs and restore function. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is a commonly utilized flap in breast reconstruction (BR). The purpose of this study is to present the versatility of DIEP flaps for the reconstruction of large defects of the extremities.

Methods Patients with large tissue defects on extremities who were treated with thin DIEP flaps from January 2016 to January 2018 were included. They were minimally followed up for 36 months. We analyzed the etiology and location of the soft tissue defect, flap design, anastomosis type, outcome, and complications. We also considered the technical differences in the DIEP flap between breast and extremity reconstruction.

Results Overall, six free DIEP flaps were included in the study. The flap size ranged from 15 × 12 to 30 × 16 cm2. All flaps were transversely designed similar to a traditional BR design. Three flaps were elevated with two perforators. Primary closure of the donor site was possible in all cases. Five flaps survived with no complications. However, partial necrosis occurred in one flap.

Conclusion A DIEP flap is not the first choice for soft tissue defects, but it should be considered for one-stage reconstruction of large defects when the circulation zone of the DIEP flap is considered. In addition, this flap has many advantages over other flaps such as provision of the largest skin paddle, low donor site morbidity with a concealed scar, versatile supercharging technique, and a long pedicle.
A Reliable Method for the Monitoring of Buried Free Flaps Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Sweitzer Keith , Carruthers Katherine , Tiwari Pankaj , Kocak Ergun
Published: November 2022

Background In recent years, there has been a shift toward nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) techniques which often negates the need for reconstruction with exposed cutaneous donor flap tissues. Although techniques for the monitoring of buried flaps have been proposed, none have been able to provide the benefits that come with cutaneous monitoring via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Therefore, we herein propose a novel method for monitoring deepithelialized flap tissues deep to the mastectomy flaps using NIRS technology.

Methods An NSM with free flap reconstruction was performed. The flap was designed with a skin island for placement of a cutaneous NIRS probe. Next, a silicone NIRS probe was placed on a deepithelialized portion of the flap under the mastectomy flap. The readings from this tunneled device were then compared to the control measurements obtained from the cutaneous NIRS monitor. This procedure was performed on three consecutive patients. The changes in StO2 recorded from both devices were compared using a paired, two-tailed Student's t-test.

Results During flap monitoring, there were no issues with probe dislodgement and signal quality averaged greater than 90. Furthermore, probe removal was easily accomplished at bedside. There was no harm to the mastectomy skin flaps by affixing the probe and the pocket which contained the probe quickly closed down after removal. Using the Student's t-test, a p-value of 0.995 was calculated indicating no statistically significant difference between the StO2 readings from the cutaneous and the tunneled probes.

Conclusion By using this novel method, NIRS technology can reliably be applied to the monitoring of buried free flap tissues. The proposed technique could be applied to a variety of flaps beyond the realm of breast reconstruction and may prove to be particularly useful in the setting of head and neck reconstruction. The results of this study suggest that high quality postoperative flap monitoring is possible without compromising the aesthetic result.