bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signal with Blake2, Chacha20 and Poly1305
Authors:   2Department of Computer Science Modibbo Adama University of Technology  Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria, Atiku A.U. , Sajoh D.I.
Published: November 2020

Messaging applications are now adopting the concept of end to end encryption. Signal uses the Signal Protocol which has no known vulnerabilities for its end to end encryption. The protocol was explained in this work and possibilities of improvements were explored. It was discovered that the protocol implementation uses the SHA-512 hash, AES in CBC mode for encryption and HMAC for authentication. These Cryptographic Primitives were replaced with more efficient alternatives, Blake2, Chacha20 and Poly1305 respectively. An application was created to test the running time of the proposed cryptographic primitives against the existing one. From the results, Blake2b performs better than SHA-512 when hashing keys, short text, and 1.4 MB file. Similarly, Chacha20/Poly1305 performs better than AES/CBC/HMAC-sha256 in both encrypting and decrypting short text as well as 1.4 MB file. The proposed changes were implemented in the Signal Application. Automatic test in the Signal application was used to ensure that changes made to the code did not cause any logic errors. To further test the application, it was installed on another phone and messages were sent. The security code was also verified. . Keywords: Signal, Blake2, Chacha20, Poly1305
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FISIKA SISWA MA RIYADHUS SOLIHIN
Authors: Sulistiyono Sulistiyono
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dalam meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan  pemahaman konsep fisika. Jenis penelitian yang dunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-experiment research menggunakan pretest posttest control group design. Popolasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X MA Riyadhus Sholihin teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling kelas X MIPA 1 sebagai eksperimen dan kelas X MIPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Keterampilan proses sains diukur dengan menggunakan tes esay untuk keterampilan proses sains intelektual dan observasi untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains manual. Pemahaman konsep fisika siswa diukur dengan menggunakan tes objekti. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji MANOVA dan korelari Pearson. Pemahaman konsep fisika siswa diukur dengan menggunakan soal tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan pemahaman konsep fisika siswa di kelas X MA Riyadhus Sholihin pada materi Suhu dan kalor.
Characteristics of hardness and microstructure of extraction forceps for dental and oral care made of stainless-steel
Authors: Kholis Nur , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Mustofa Arif
Published: November 2020

The reliability of medical devices such as extraction forceps is vital for dental and oral care. Apart from having hygienic properties, the extraction forceps must be strong and resistant to corrosion. This study evaluates the effects of tempering temperature on the hardness and microstructure of a medical device’s material made from stainless-steel DIN 4021. In the experiments, a heat treatment process was carried out previously with a temperature of 1,050°C and a holding time of 20 minutes. A quenching process was conducted using a cooling channel that flowed with water at 10-20°C. After the heat treatment, the material was subjected to a tempering process with temperature variations of 200, 400, and 600°C. The research results indicated that the heat treatment process could increase the material’s hardness —the hardness of the raw material changed from 20 to 48.67 HRC with the heat treatment. The tempering parameters resulted in the highest hardness of 46.67 HRC at 200°C and the lowest value of 42.33 HRC at 600°C. Microstructure testing using optical microscopy showed that it produced ferrite, pearlite, and martensite structures. In contrast, the result of a microstructure testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy on the surface of the material is that the higher the tempering temperature, the greater the microstructures’ dimension.
Potency of natural and synthetic composites for ballistic resistance: A review
Authors: Yaakob Mohd Yuhazri , Saion Mohamad Pazlin , Husin Mohd Amirhafizan
Published: November 2020

Mechanical characteristics of the laminated composite crafted from fabric type reinforcement perhaps inspired via the weaving method and reinforcement agent's usage due to each layer's constructional parameter. As a result, research on the arrangement configuration between bio composite and synthetic fibre for the material shape was proposed to enhance the composite structure's biodiversity and physical characteristics. Substitute for natural fibre in synthetic fibre composite works has shown the excessive capacity to be explored scientifically. The evaluation focused on the concept and essential of bio composite and the synthetic composite fabric positioned over the years from the previous studies of the preliminary researches. The sorts and features of matrix and fibre filler reinforcement materials in composites were also discussed. This assessment's main findings indicated that the composite centre relied on the weave styles and inter-ply and interplay lamination roles. Therefore, the state-of-the-art intraply for synthetic fibre and bio composite fibre in a composite shape was anticipated performing higher in mechanical energy, particularly within the application of ballistic resistance, besides decreased dependency on artificial fibre. It would ultimately suggest the excellent weave sample designs in the proper combination shape of natural and synthetic fibres embedded with polymers. The statistical results were compared with the experimental parameters available inside the literature review. The review explains approximately the studies and evolution within the enhancement of characteristic fibres reinforced polymer composites in ballistic resistance use. This paper goes over the body armour's profitable and present advancement materials, structure and development procedures, and related works on upgrading ballistic energy captivation and upgrading the mechanical tenacity for high impact resistance applications.
The System of Views on the Orthodox Church of the Participants in “Religious-Philosophical Meetings” (1901–1903)
Authors: Shchipkov Vasiliy A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze ecclesiology, the doctrine of the Church, offered by the participants of Religious and philosophical meetings (1901–1903) from the “party” of the intelligentsia (Ternavtsev, Merezhkovsky, Rozanov, Philosofov, Minsky, Romanov), as well as to show its secular and political nature. This ecclesiology contained the following provisions: change in Christian dogma was declared possible; the Church was differentiated as “historical” and “mystical”; the main flaw of the “historical” Church being that it preached only the heavenly and ignored the worldly ideals; the worldly principles were declared autonomous and equal to the divine principles; the intelligentsia proposed the way of Christianizing the world and returning the Church to its “fullness”, in which not the world approached the Church, but the Church approached the world and became a worldly, secular institution; the secularization of the Church in this context meant the introduction of Protestant and pagan elements into the Christian doctrine.
V.V. Rozanov Among Parties and Politicians
Authors: Lomonosov Aleksey V. 
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the social significance of determining the political views of V.V. Rozanov in the system of the thinker’s worldview. The correlation of these views with his political journalism is shown. The genesis of social and political ideas of V.V. Rozanov is revealed. The author specifies his ideological predecessors in the sphere of public thought of the late 19th century and the thinker’s affiliation with the conservative political camp of Russian writers. The author of the article also gives coverage of the V.V. Rozanov’s polemical publications in the press. He outlines the circle of political sympathies and determinative constants in the political views of Rozanov-publicist and proves his commitment to the centrist political parties. The author examines the process of Rozanov’s socio-political views evolution at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, and the related changes in his political journalism. The evaluations are based on the large layer of Rozanov’s newspaper publicism in the years of 1905–1917. To determine the Rozanov’s position in the “New time” journal editorial office and to reveal the motives of his political essays the author of the article used epistola
A Little-Known Side of I.A. Ilyin’s Work “On Resistance to Evil by Force”
Authors: Vakulinskaya Alexandra I.
Published: November 2020

The article touches upon an interesting fact from the biography of I.A.  lyin, which is connected with the drafting of the book “On resistance to evil by force”, and, specifically, his work on Jesuitical theological literature. Within the publication, a section is set forth which was not included in Chapter 20 of the book and which has been kept in the archive of the philosopher until present. A few analytical comments are set forth regarding the contents of the text.
“The Problem of the Church Attitude to Nationality is not an Abstract Issue”: Problematics of Nationalism in Church Publicism in the Period of the World War I
Authors: Kalinovsky Vladimir V. 
Published: November 2020

The article examines the attitude of the Orthodox Church authors to the problem of nationalism, which was especially acute during the First World War. At that time the national feelings of people in Russian Empire passed through a series of metamorphoses: from overall patriotic upsurge to radical anti-German sentiment. The Orthodox clergy went through all those stages together with their parishioners, which was reflected in articles and sermons published in diocesan editions, religious magazines, conservative and liberal newspapers, and separate brochures. The author of the article believes that during the years of the First World War, there was no consensus among the clergy on the national question: some favored ethnic nationalism, others favored political one. Only the condemnation of militant German nationalism and the opinion that any nationalism was acceptable only in its religious and moral form based on the principles of Christian doctrine, remained invariable. The article names the key authors of the works on the declared topics, analyzes the content of their publications and the context of their appearance. The author gives the examples not only of the articles defending Russian nationalism, but also of the pacifist and pro-Ukrainian publications.
“I’m …Just a Coal Fallen from the Unsoldered Samovar of the Former Russia” (the Path of Lev Tikhomirov)
Authors: Repikov Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to L.A. Tikhomirov, - the former member of the “Narodnaya Volya”, who then became a conservative. The author analyzes his views, life path an activities that were reflected in his diary that Tikhomirov kept for over 30 years. This diary is still scarcely studied by contemporary scientists but constitutes a very important source of information.
The Image of Power Among the Old Faith Priests
Authors: Utkin Abbot Vitaly
Published: November 2020

In the article the attempt is made to explain John’s of Kronstadt radical denial of any truth in the movement of the Old Believers. The author analyzes the perception of state power in the discourse of Popovtsy Old Believers, the movement of state documents objectors, collisions of Okruzhniki and Anti-Okruzhniki. Special attention is paid to the ideas regarding the liturgical origin of political issues and the reflection in them of eschatological reality.
A Clinical Case of Stomach Perforation Concealed by a Foreign Body
Authors: Garaev M. R. , Vorotnikov M. Yu. , Garayeva Z. R. , Nartaylakov M. A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Stomach perforations caused by ingested foreign bodies are extremely rare injuries in adults, accounting for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal perforations. The clinical picture is diverse and often presents a diagnostic problem. There are few publications reporting such cases in literature.

Materials and methods. Using the example of a clinical case, this paper describes the clinical picture, diagnostic role of X-ray instruments and surgical tactics of diagnosing and treating a stomach perforation concealed by a foreign object, which occurred one week prior to admission. The patient V., 52 yo, was admitted to hospital on an emergency basis in the condition of moderate severity, complaining of abdominal pain for two days. The onset of the disease had no apparent reason. Similar pains had bothered the patient a week earlier the incident but were relieved without treatment.

Results and discussion. On the basis of clinical and laboratory-instrumental data, acute pancreatitis was pre-diagnosed. Conservative drug therapy with positive dynamics was started. Two days later, computed tomography of the abdominal organs with intravenous bolus contrast was performed. According to the CT data, a foreign body in the abdominal cavity was identified, which rested on the liver at the level of the gallbladder, perforating the wall of the pyloric department of the stomach. Localized inflammatory effusion in the abdominal fat was observed. The patient was operated and discharged in satisfactory condition.

Conclusion. Stomach perforations caused by small-sized foreign bodies are characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations. The use of radiation diagnostic methods facilitates the timely diagnosis and therapy choice in patients with stomach perforations caused by small-sized foreign bodies.
Prospects of Chemotherapy for Gastrointestential Stromal Colon Tumours
Authors: Mukhamediyarov A. R. , Bashirova L. I. , Maksyutova A. I. , Gattarova A. T.
Published: November 2020

Gastrointetinal stromal tumours are the most common primary mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. According to statistical data, the annual incidence of this pathology in Russia comprises 13 patients per 1 million inhabitants, i.e. about 2,000 patients per year on average. In the United States, 3,000–4,000 cases are registered every year. This article discusses general and specific issues associated with morbidity and mortality from gastrointestinal stromal tumours, as well as reasons for the low efficacy of surgical and targeted therapies. Methods for combined treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours are proposed. The treatment of such pathologies has evolved with the development of immunohystochemical analytical procedures and therapies against KIT/PDGFRA-specific protooncogenes, as well as the emergence of low-molecular kinase inhibitors. However, the probability of non-recurrence survival can only be increased by complete surgical removal of gastrointestinal stromal colon tumours. In the surgical treatment, three main approaches are defined: the initial stage of treatment, provided that the tumour is resectable and has a small size; surgical treatment after neoadjuvant therapy; symptomatic treatment, so-called ‘debulking surgery’. Adjuvant targeted therapy with Imatinib provides for a high objective response. The use of Imatinib chemotherapy determines the efficacy and radicality of surgical treatment in most cases. In general, the question of treating gastrointestinal stromal colon tumours is still relevant, requiring further research and objective evaluation of all technical and tactical approaches in the context of distant results.
CHOLESTEROL LOWERING EFFECT OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES USING PARIJOTO FRUITS EXTRACT
Authors: Luhurningtyas Fania Putri , Vifta Rissa Laila , Syarohmawati Nur , Candra Mahardika Adhi
Published: November 2020

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. ex Blum) fruit is known to have pharmacological activity as cholesterol lowering levels. Its activity needs to be increased with nanoparticle system so that the active substance can bind 100% to the action target. This study aims to determine the formation of nanoparticles from parijoto fruit (NEBP) and activity test as a decrease in cholesterol levels. The formation of nanoparticles used variations of concentration and volume of chitosan and NaTPP. Anti-cholesterol testing is based on the amount of free cholesterol in the sample that reacted with Lieberman-Burchard into complex green compounds. The best formation of NEBP was 0.2% chitosan, 0.1% NaTPP and volume ratio 5:1. The particle size showed an average size of 269.3 nm (10-1000 nm). The result of the percent transmittance and polydispersity index were 99,379 (close to 100%) and 0.378 (PDI <0.5). The functional group-specific of NEBP was –OH, N-H, PO3. The morphology was round and non-uniform particles. NEBP can decrease 50% cholesterol levels with a smaller EC50 value was 89.08 compared to the extract (EC50 259.98 ppm). Nanoparticles of parijoto fruit is a potential candidate for anti-cholesterol drug.
Otantik Liderlik Davranışlarının, Örgütsel Adalet ve Öğretmenlerin İş Tatmini Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KILIÇ Mehmet Yaşar
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı; okul yöneticilerinin sergilediği otantik liderlik davranışlarının, örgütsel adalet ve öğretmenlerin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Bu etkiyi belirleyebilmek amacıyla bir model geliştirilmiş ve modelle ilgili hipotezler oluşturulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Sivas il merkezinde görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise bu evrenden basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 261 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma “ilişkisel tarama” modeline uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla “otantik liderlik ölçeği”, “örgütsel adalet ölçeği” ve “iş tatmini ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek formunda, ölçeklerin doldurulması için gerekli talimatlara yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları doğrultusunda elde edilen sonuçlara göre okul yöneticilerinin sergilediği otantik liderlik davranışlarının örgütsel adaleti pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen diğer bir bulgu ise okul yöneticilerinin sergilediği otantik liderlik davranışlarının iş tatminini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediğidir. Ayrıca örgütsel adaletin iş tatminini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular başka çalışma bulguları ile karşılaştırılmış ve okul yöneticilerinin otantik liderlik davranışları konusunda gelişiminin sağlanabilmesi için teşvik edilmesi gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Fen Bilimleri Öğretmen Adaylarının Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgileri Üzerine Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Ortamının Etkisi: Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri-II
Authors: SUNGUR ALHAN Selcan , ŞİMŞEK Ümit
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yüz yüze öğrenme ortamına kıyasla harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamına göre tasarlanan Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri-II dersinin, fen bilimleri öğretmen adaylarının gök cisimleri konusunda TPAB ve alt bileşenleri üzerine olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırmaya 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören 30 fen bilimleri öğretmen adayı (15 deney grubu, 15 kontrol grubu) katılmıştır. Dönüştürücü karma araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada müdahale deseni kullanılmıştır. Buna göre Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri-II dersi, kontrol grubunda yüz yüze öğrenme ortamına göre, deney grubunda ise harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamına göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, vignetteye dayalı yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve ders planı hazırlama metodu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen nitel verilerin analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılırken, nicel verilerin analizinde ise Mann Whitney U Testi analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, gök cisimleri konusu kapsamında TPAB ve alt bileşenlerine ilişkin, deney ve kontrol grupları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre harmanlanmış öğrenme ortamı, gök cisimleri konusunda öğretmen adaylarının TPAB’ları üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Criminal Liability for Knowingly Unlawful Sentence, Decision or Other Judicial Act
Authors: Metelsky Pavel , Verchenko Nadezhda
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The publication is devoted to the corpus delicti, provided for by Art. 305 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which, being, in fact, a special type of official abuse, stands out as the direct object of a criminal assault and a special subject, since it can be committed exclusively by professional judges. The main features of the objective and subjective parties, qualifying signs of the offense are revealed, some problems that arise when applying this criminal law are outlined. Purpose. The goal is to analyze the design features of the crime and issues that arise when applying this rule. Methodology. The method of a formal legal analysis of the norms of the criminal law and theoretical provisions on problems directly related to the application of this rule was used. Results. The public danger of a criminal act that undermines the very foundations of justice is obvious, in connection with which it stands out as an independent crime by all the Russian Criminal Codes, starting in 1922, the history of criminal responsibility for its commission can be traced in our country in general since the 16th century. The current criminal law prohibition is characterized by considerable complexity, due to both the blanket nature of the disposition of the norm itself and the presence of discrepancies in the understanding of the signs embodied in it. Conclusion. The implementation of criminal liability for this crime involves the establishment of not only circumstances directly related to the corpus delicti that lie in the criminal law field. The subject of an infringement, a judicial act, must be subjected to procedural review without fail, after which, subject to the consent of the Higher Qualification Collegium of Judges of the Russian Federation, in fact, and the mechanism of criminal prosecution is “launched”. That is, a truly “multi-way” combination of actions is necessary, carried out in several stages, and the problem itself to some extent becomes interdisciplinary, going beyond only criminal law.
Traditional Kinds of Folk Games and Heroic Competitions of Nomad Peoples, Mainly of Kyrgyz People
Authors: Azizbaev Saitdin S.
Published: November 2020

The article is based on folklore, literary, ethnographic and historical sources to study and generalize factual material about the development of the main games and competitions of nomadic peoples, in particular the Kyrgyz, characteristic of their traditional way of life.
Theatrical Intelligentsia of the Far East of the USSR in the Years of Perestroika
Authors: Ababkova Nataliya N.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the characteristics of the theater intelligentsia in the Far East of the USSR in the second half of the 1980s, and changes in its status position in the context of the new policy. The role of the intelligentsia in assessing historical realities, in determining their own place in the public life of the country has been determined.
Figures and Places of Memory in the Cultural Space of a Small City (on the Materials of Kuibyshev / Kainsk, Novosibirsk Region)
Authors: Kuznetsova Alla V.
Published: November 2020

The appeal to the figures and places of memory in the local cultural space of Kuibyshev (Kainsk) and their transformations allowed us to identify the main trends of reflection of the memory of the past in the 20th-21st centuries. Both in the Soviet and post-Soviet period, the national-state version of historical memory prevails. To date, there has been no serious renewal of the symbolic landscape, which indicates an incomplete post-Soviet stage.
Resident Mistake: How Vladimir the Holy Became a Broadcast of Boleslav the Bold
Authors: Bogatyrev Arseniy V.
Published: November 2020

Among the highly venerated Russian saints, the name of Vladimir the Great undoubtedly stands out especially. Turning again to this outstanding personality, the representative of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the Commonwealth, compiling his report for the Moscow Court, suddenly made an annoying slip of the pen. The study of its causes raises the question of the diplomat’s level of knowledge in princely genealogy, the history of Kievan Rus and medieval Poland, raises the topic of interest in the Kiev ruler in the Polish-Lithuanian state, and draws our attention to the veneration of Saint Vladimir in Russia in the 17th century.
The correlation between the severity of anterior crossbite and skeletal deformities in post-surgery cleft lip and palate among children
Authors: Setianingtyas Prastiwi , Primarti Risti Saptarini , Riawan Lucky , Oscandar Fahmi
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most common craniofacial malformations, which is a congenital deformity of lip and palate or both. Anterior crossbite is occlusal characteristics that are often found in patients with cleft lip and palate who had surgery, caused by dentoalveolar or skeletal abnormalities, can be distinguished based on the cephalometric analysis. This research was aimed to analyse the correlation between the severity of anterior crossbite and skeletal deformities in post-surgery cleft lip and palate among children. Methods: The research design was an analytic correlation with the sample selection based on purposive sampling. The research was conducted from 14 cleft lip and palate patients in the primary dentition (aged 4-6 years old) who had surgery (for 2-3 years) using analysis of study models and cephalometric digital. Statistical analysis was conducted by Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test to analyse the relationship between the severity of anterior crossbite with skeletal deformities. Results: Statistic test showed that 42.86% of the anterior crossbite in the cleft lip and palate post-surgery in primary dentition had a very high level of severity, thus leading to very poor occlusion. As many as 21.43% had a high level of severity, which leads to poor occlusion, and 35.71% had a moderate level of severity, which leads to fair occlusion. The Spearman Coefficient of Rank Correlation test results showed a weak correlation between the severity of anterior crossbite with skeletal deformities with coefficient relation of 0.13 and p-value of 0.48 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a weak correlation between the severity of anterior crossbite with skeletal deformities in post-surgery cleft lip and palate among children.
The difference between calcium ion levels in saliva before and after consuming red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Hakim Rachmi Fanani , Reghina Ayu Anisah
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Saliva is a complex oral fluid that is secreted by the major and minor salivary glands which have a vital role in sustaining oral hard and soft tissues. The calcium ion is one of the inorganic components of saliva, which plays a vital role in maintaining the tooth enamel integrity through the remineralisation process. The compliance of calcium intake for the body and the enhancement of calcium ions in saliva can be affected by consumption of fruits that comprise lots of calcium. Consumption of fruit containing high calcium can increase buffer capacity, support remineralisation and prevent demineralisation. One of the fruits with rich calcium is red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The purpose of this study was to analyse the difference between the salivary calcium ion level before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the students of Faculty of Dentistry Syiah Kuala University batch 2017. Methods: This study was pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The number of subjects in this study was 32 people with one group pretest-posttest design. Saliva was collected by spitting method five times. Results: The average salivary calcium ion before consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was 1.972, and the average value of salivary calcium ion after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was 2.378. Results of the statistical test using the paired t-test showed a significant difference of the salivary calcium ion before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) with the p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference of the salivary calcium ion level before and after consumption of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).
A study of anti-plaque efficacy and taste perception of Calendula officinalis mouth rinse
Authors: Arief Erry Mochamad , Abidin Zaridah Zainal , Sitheeque Mohaideen , Mohamad Md Azman PKM Seeni
Published: November 2020

Introduction: An ideal mouth rinse must have an acceptable taste and very efficient antiplaque activity. Herbal mouth rinse (Plandula®), containing extracts of Calendula officinalis and other specified herbs, is widely cultivated as a herb. It is a remarkable healing agent and even useful to act as homeopathic remedies. Previous studies have compared this product with placebo; however, comparison against chlorhexidine have not been conducted thus far. Aim of this research was to analyse the efficacy of Calendula in Plandula® for controlling dental plaque and the acceptability of its taste in comparison with chlorhexidine. Methods: A double-blind, 3-day plaque regrowth, crossover, clinical study was conducted towards 16 volunteers participated in two periods, three days each, with modified oral hygiene practices through an intervening washout period of 4 days. At the commencement of each period, the participants received oral prophylaxis. They used the allocated mouth rinse and brushed teeth without toothpaste in all of the tooth surfaces, except palatal and lingual over three days. On the fourth day, the subjects were returned for plaque index measurement only on the palatal and lingual surfaces by the Quigley Hein index (modified by Turesky). The participants rinsed with 10 ml of allocated mouth rinse three times daily for 30 seconds after tooth brushing. The participants followed the same steps during the second period using the alternate mouth rinse. They were also asked to taste both mouth rinses and evaluate with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Results: Median plaque score for Plandula® mouth rinse was slightly higher compared to chlorhexidine but not statistically significant, with the p-value=0.636 (p>0.05). The mean VAS scale score for Plandula® taste perception was lower than the chlorhexidine, and statistically significant (p-value=0.01; p<0.05). Conclusion: Plandula® mouth rinse that contain calendula officinalis comparable with chlorhexidine in controlling dental plaque accumulation, with an acceptable taste.
The (re) urbanization of Honolulu: Colonialism and urban renewal in Hawaii
Authors: Charles B.A. Shea
Published: November 2020

In this essay, I explore the implications of (neo)colonialism on Keʻeaumoku street and look towards indigenous and community-based answers. As issues of gentrification, homelessness, and the rising cost of living plague Hawaiʻi, many look for ways to solve these issues as an “Us” (Hawaiʻi Residents) versus “Them” (Continental U.S. and International Corporations) dichotomy, as opposed to looking towards the broader issues of colonialism and the further implications. To do this, I specifically look at the Transit-Oriented Development and make connections between the historical and contemporary urbanization of Honolulu and the ongoing colonization of Hawaiʻi. I also suggest that the social action previously taken by communities in Kakaʻako should be used for the Keʻeaumoku street community.
„Að geta átt góð samskipti við aðra – ég held að það sé mikilvægast“ Gildamenntun í leikskóla
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Ingibjörg Ósk
Published: November 2020

Rannsóknin byggir á gögnum úr starfendarannsókn sem unnin var í samstarfi við sjö leikskólakennara á höfuðborgarsvæðinu og stóð yfir í 24 mánuði. Markmiðið var að kanna viðhorf leikskólakennaranna til gilda og gildamenntunar (e. values education) og skoða hvernig þeir miðla gildum til leikskólabarna. Hér verður leitast við að svara eftirfarandi rannsóknarspurningum: 1) Hvaða gildi telja leikskólakennarar mikilvægast að miðla til leikskólabarna og hvers vegna? 2) Hvernig líta leikskólakennarar á eigið hlutverk í gildamenntun? 3) Hvernig miðla leikskólakennarar gildum til barna?Í rannsókninni er stuðst við skilgreiningu Halstead og Taylor (2000) um að gildi séu eins konar reglur og grundvallarsannfæring sem leiðbeina fólki varðandi hegðun. Litið er svo á að gildi fólks birtist bæði í huga þess og athöfnum (Hitlin og Piliavin, 2004; Tappan, 2006).Stuðst er við félagsmenningarlegt viðhorf til náms (e. sociocultural perspective) þar sem litið er á að nám sé óaðskiljanlegt frá því félagslega samhengi sem það fer fram í (Säljö, 2005; Vygotsky, 1978). Kenning Habermas um samskipti (e. theory of communicative action) var nýtt til þess að greina hvernig kennarar miðla gildum. Habermas taldi að nám færi að mestu fram í gegnum samskipti og lagði áherslu á að þess vegna ætti að leggja meiri áherslu á samskipti í menntun barna, þar sem börnin væru virkir þátttakendur (Edgar, 2006; Habermas, 1995).Niðurstöðurnar sýna að leikskólakennararnir sem tóku þátt í rannsókninni völdu að leggja áherslu á umhyggju, virðingu og aga. Þessi þrjú gildi voru valin vegna þess að þau voru talin styðja við félagsfærni barnanna. Leikskólakennararnir töldu sitt hlutverk í gildamenntun einkum felast í að vera góðar fyrirmyndir en einnig kom fram að mikilvægt væri að nota orð og hugtök sem börnin skildu yfir þau gildi sem ætti að leggja áherslu á. Gildamenntun var frekar dulin í starfinu í upphafi, en varð skýrari þegar leið á starfendarannsóknina.
Áreas del conocimiento de apoyo para la gestión de proyectos de profesores universitarios venezolanos
Authors: Gómez Suárez María Daniela
Published: November 2020

Todo profesor universitario se enfrenta constantemente a proyectos, estos profesionales deben considerar que el impacto de cualquier actividad o proyecto que realizan supera el ámbito personal o de la institución donde trabajan influyendo en la sociedad como un todo, es así que deben optimizar la gestión de los mismos. Dentro de la metodología propuesta por el Project Management Institute se consideran las denominadas áreas de conocimiento que son un conjunto de nociones de diversas áreas, de las cuales se toman técnicas y herramientas, útiles para gestionar proyectos. Las áreas de conocimiento se clasifican en tres tipos: medulares, de integración y de apoyo, siendo estas últimas el centro del presente artículo, el cual tiene como objetivo general diagnosticar la gestión realizada en áreas de conocimiento de apoyo de los profesores del Departamento Tecnología de Servicios de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Venezuela. Para este diagnóstico, se utilizó un cuestionario de autoevaluación donde se identificaron potenciales mejoras y necesidades de formación particulares a las áreas de conocimiento de apoyo relacionadas con la gestión de los recursos humanos, de las comunicaciones, de los riesgos, de las adquisiciones y de los interesados.
Software de diseño de instrucción. Evaluación de su utilidad para diseñar exposiciones educativas en museos.
Authors: Bosch Bonacasa Josep
Published: November 2020

Algunas exposiciones museísticas se diseñan con objetivos educativos; estas exposiciones, se enmarcan dentro de la educación no formal aunque, si se analizan desde el punto de vista de la instrucción, tienen muchos aspectos en común con las actividades educativas de la educación formal.
Existe software desarrollado para diseñar actividades propias de la educación formal; en cambio, no se ha encontrado software para el diseño de exposiciones educativas en museos.
El objetivo de esta investigación es responder dos preguntas:
1. ¿Puede algún software existente ser utilizado para diseñar exposiciones educativas en museos?
2. ¿Puede algún software existente servir de base para desarrollar un software específico para diseñar exposiciones educativas en museos?
Para responder estas preguntas, en primer lugar, se han seleccionado y definido los conceptos que debería incluir un software para el diseño de exposiciones;  muchos de estos conceptos son compartidos con los utilizados para el diseño de las actividades propias de la educación formal; otros, son específicos y han sido definidos en esta investigación.
En segundo lugar, de entre diecisiete software de diseño de instrucción, se han seleccionado cinco que han podido ser instalados y evaluados. A continuación se ha verificado, uno a uno, si contemplan los conceptos que un software de diseño de exposiciones debería incluir.
Los resultados de la evaluación se presentan en forma de tabla y algunas observaciones; su análisis ha permitido responder las preguntas formuladas.
De los cinco evaluados, uno, Compendium LD, puede ser utilizado para el diseño de exposiciones educativas en museos aunque, con limitaciones. Ninguno de los analizados contempla conceptos importantes como la ubicación de los objetos educativos en el espacio o la descripción de los recorridos del visitante. Compendium LD puede ser, además, un buen punto de partida para desarrollar un software específico.
Comparison of the biomechanical performance of a customized unilateral locking compression plate with and without an intervertebral spacer applied to the first and second lumbar vertebrae after intervertebral diskectomy in canine cadaveric specimens
Authors: Selz Julie , Voumard Benjamin , Forterre Franck
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether a customized unilateral intervertebral anchored fusion device combined with (vs without) an intervertebral spacer would increase the stability of the L1-L2 motion segment following complete intervertebral diskectomy in canine cadaveric specimens.

SAMPLE

Vertebral columns from T13 through L3 harvested from 16 skeletally mature Beagles without thoracolumbar disease.

PROCEDURES

Complete diskectomy of the L1-2 disk was performed in each specimen. Unilateral stabilization of the L1-L2 motion segment was performed with the first of 2 implants: a unilateral intervertebral anchored fusion device that consisted of a locking compression plate with or without an intervertebral spacer. The resulting construct was biomechanically tested; then, the first implant was removed, and the second implant was applied to the contralateral side and tested. Range of motion in flexion and extension, lateral bending, and torsion was compared among intact specimens (prior to diskectomy) and constructs.

RESULTS

Compared with intact specimens, constructs stabilized with either implant were as stable in flexion and extension, significantly more stable in lateral bending, and significantly less stable in axial rotation. Constructs stabilized with the fusion device plus intervertebral spacer were significantly stiffer in lateral bending than those stabilized with the fusion device alone. No significant differences in flexion and extension and rotation were noted between implants.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings did not support the use of this customized unilateral intervertebral anchored fusion device with an intervertebral spacer to improve unilateral stabilization of the L1-L2 motion segment after complete L1-2 diskectomy in dogs.
Effects of kernel and window setting combinations on assessments of small and complicated vasculature in computed tomography angiographic images of dogs with and without tumors
Authors: Yoon Sooa A. , Park Seungjo J. , Choi Jihye H.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of kernel and window settings on the assessment of small and complicated vasculature in CT angiographic (CTA) images of kidneys, jejunum with mesentery, and tumors in dogs.

ANIMALS

20 healthy dogs and 20 dogs with tumors.

PROCEDURES

Images from CTA performed previously in dogs were reconstructed with 3 different combinations of kernel and window settings (soft kernel with soft tissue window, soft kernel with bone window, and sharp kernel with bone window), and reconstructed images of the left kidney and the jejunum with the mesentery in healthy dogs and tumors in affected dogs were evaluated by reviewers blinded to the settings.

RESULTS

For images of kidney and jejunum with mesentery, reviewers’ scores for the conspicuity of vascularity in the arterial phase and the differentiation of the organs from the adjacent structures were significantly higher when viewed in bone window (vs soft tissue window) regardless of kernel setting. For images of head and gastrointestinal tumors, reviewers’ scores for differentiation of intratumoral vasculature were higher when viewed in sharp kernel with bone window versus other setting combinations. However, the conspicuity of gastrointestinal, hepatic, or splenic tumoral vessels from the adjacent structures had higher reviewer scores for images in soft kernel with soft tissue window, compared with other setting combinations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results indicated that reconstruction of CTA images with sharp kernel combined with bone window settings might have clinical utility in evaluating and planning treatments for dogs with various tumors; however, additional research is warranted to further identify effects of various kernel and window setting combinations on assessments of small and complicated vasculature in larger and more diverse populations of dogs with and without tumors.
Bio-Fuel Properties and Elemental Analysis of Bio-Oil Produced from Pyrolysis of Gmelina Arborea
Authors: Adegoke Idowu A , Ogunsanwo O.Y , Ige Ayodeji R.
Published: November 2020

Nigeria demand for sustainable, affordable and accessible energy is on the rise. Hence, this led to rigorous research to determine affordable processes of using waste materials for production of sustainable energy. In this research pyrolysis was carried out in a fabricated fixed bed pilot-scale reactor using Gmelina arborea (sawdust) biomass for the production of bio-oil. The physical, chemical properties and the ultimate analysis of the bio oil produced were determined following standard methods. The physicochemical properties and ultimate analysis obtained were favourable. The highest moisture content of 21 % at 600 °C and least moisture content of 12 % at 900 °C were obtained from Gmelina arborea. The elemental results of the products show low sulphur quantity which is of good prospects that Gmelina arborea are good materials for bioenergy production without posing danger to the environment. Utilisation of Gmelina arborea for bio-oil production as an alternative fuel would shun unfavourable environmental abasement related to the use of conventional fuels.
Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians
Authors: Abdelhadi Kacem , Abdelatif Houar , Mohamed Zerf , Ali Bengoua
Published: November 2020

This study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.
Comparison of Two Tests to Determine the Maximal Aerobic Speed
Authors: Saddek Benhammou , Coquart Jérémy B.J. , Mourot Laurent , Adel Belkadi , Idriss Mokkedes Moulay , Ali Bengoua , Djamel Mokrani
Published: November 2020

The aims of this study were (a): to compare maximal physiological responses (maximal heart rate: HRmax and blood lactate concentration: [La-]) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) achieved during a gold standard test (T-VAM) to those during a new test entitled: the 150-50 Intermittent Test (150-50IT), and (b): to test the reliability of the 150-50IT. Eighteen middle-distance runners performed, in a random order, the T-VAM and the 150-50IT. Moreover, the runners performed a second 150-50IT (retest). The results of this study showed that the MAS obtained during 150-50IT were significantly higher than the MAS during the T-VAM (19.1 ± 0.9 vs. 17.9 ± 0.9 km.h−1, p < 0.001). There was also significant higher values in HRmax (193 ± 4 vs. 191 ± 2 bpm, p = 0.011), [La-] (11.4 ± 0.4 vs. 11.0 ± 0.5 mmol.L−1, p = 0.039) during the 150-50IT. Nevertheless, significant correlations were noted for MAS (r = 0.71, p = 0.001) and HRmax (r = 0.63, p = 0.007). MAS obtained during the first 150-50IT and the retest were not significantly different (p = 0.76) and were significantly correlated (r = 0.94, p < 0.001, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and coefficient of variation = 6.8 %). In conclusion, the 150-50IT is highly reproducible, but the maximal physiological responses derived from both tests cannot be interchangeable in the design of training programs.
Screening of Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Psychological and Occupational Factors, Determining Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in High-Risk Professions
Authors: Nikolova R. , Danev S. , Kundurjiev T. , Madjarov N.
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the most significant and common chronic non-communicable diseases in Bulgaria. Screening, identification and registration of pathophysiological mechanisms and psychological and occupational factors related to CVD should be implemented in the diagnostic work-up. Job analysis contributes to the implementation of screening and identification of the most significant psychological and professional factors related to the work activity.

Aim: The aim of our study is to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms of autonomic cardiovascular control and psychological and occupational factors determining the risk of CVD.

Materials and methods: The following groups of individuals were examined: 83 physicians, 54 nurses, 23 employees and 40 militaries. The autonomic cardiovascular control was studied through the time-and frequency-domain based measures of the Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV).

Results: The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the time-domain and frequency-domain based HRV measures between the compared groups: X [F (4; 225) = 4.455, p = 0.001]; SDNN [F (4; 225) = 3.876, p = 0.005]; SDNN5 [F (4; 225) = 3.083, p = 0.01]; pNN50 [F (4; 225) = 8.303, p < 0.001]; rMSSD [F (4; 225) = 8.711, p < 0.001]; SDSD [F (4; 225) = 8.323, p < 0.001; VLF [F (4; 225) = 1.204, p = 0.31]; LF [F (4; 225) = 3.874, p = 0.005]; HF [F (4; 225) = 7.790, p < 0.001] and LF/HF [F (4; 225) = 8.601, p < 0.001]. The results of our study revealed that occupational stress and cognitive workload in physicians, nurses, and employees induced a process of reciprocally combined inhibition of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (SDNN, SDNN5, pNN50, rMSSD, and HF) and activation of the sympathetic branch of ANS (LF), while in military personnel they cause a process of co-activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS (rMSSD, SDNN, SDNN5, pNN50 and LF/HF).

Conclusion: Stress-induced dysfunctional autonomic cardiovascular regulation, patho-physiological control mechanisms, psychological and occupational factors determine the risk of CVD. Their identification could contribute to the diagnostics and prevention of CVD.