bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Consequences Regarding the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on International Trade
Authors: Achar Sandesh
Published: October 2022

The consequences of this new technology for international trade have recently garnered much attention, thanks to the growing interest in AI's effects on the economy and society. Given the current reevaluation of the advantages of globalization by the world's leading nations, the focus continues to be on the policies governing international commerce. Understanding and forecasting future trade patterns is a high priority for decision-making within and between countries. This is because trade significantly impacts employment, production, pricing, and wages. Even though conventional economic models are intended to be accurate forecasters, we investigate the prospect that Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques can produce more accurate predictions and associations. In addition, we describe contextual AI algorithms that can be used to analyze trade patterns disrupted by unusual occurrences such as trade wars and pandemics. The fuel for the algorithms that can forecast, recommend, and categorize policies can only be provided by open-government data; therefore, having access to these data is vital. The information gathered for this study describes the economic elements usually linked with international trade transactions. Association Rules are used for grouping commodity pairs. Finally, models and their results are presented and then appraised in terms of the quality of their predictions and associations, with example policy implications provided. This paper explores the interlinkages between AI technologies and international trade and outlines key trade policy considerations for policymakers looking to harness AI technologies' full potential. Specifically, the paper focuses on China's efforts to develop its artificial intelligence (AI) industry.
Improving Early Literacy through Teacher Professional Development: Experimental Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Álvarez Marinelli Horacio , Berlinski Samuel , Busso Matías , Martínez Correa Julián
Published: October 2022

Teachers are the most fundamental input of students' learning. For this reason, developing teaching skills is a policy priority for most governments around the world. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of "Let's All Learn to Read," a one-year professional development program that trained and coached teachers throughout the school year and provided them and their students with structured materials. Following a year of instruction by the trained teachers, students' literacy scores in treated schools grew by 0.386 of a standard deviation compared to students in the control group. These gains persisted through the second and third grades. We also show that an early intervention in rst grade is more cost-effective at improving literacy skills than implementing remediation strategies in third grade.
The Traveler A. Swinton and the “Enlightenment Myth” about Russia
Authors: Kovalyov Maksim
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the perception of the Scottish traveler A. Swinton of the Russian Empire and its capital — St. Petersburg. Swinton visited our country at the end of the XVIII century, recording his impressions in “A Travels into Norway, Denmark and Russia, in the years 1788, 1789, 1790 and 1791”. Despite the active expansion of Russia during the reign of Catherine II in different directions, the British does not feel any alienation towards our country, positively assessing the policy of its rulers. However, behind the benevolent attitude of the author there is another semantic layer: he is trying to fit a recently “barbaric” country into the popular concept of Westernization of Eastern European space in the age of the Enlightenment.
Anglo-Soviet Trade Relations on the Eve of the Severance of Diplomatic Relations in 1927
Authors: Sokolov Alexander
Published: October 2022

During the 1920s, the USSR tried to establish both trade and diplomatic relations with England. In the conditions of the growing economic crisis of 1925, representatives of British business circles were interested in creating favorable conditions for the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic ties with Soviet Russia. The foreign trade turnover between the two countries was actively developing. At the same time, the trade balance was in favor of the UK. Meanwhile, the Conservative cabinet was clearly moving towards a break with the USSR. Soviet financial assistance to striking miners in 1926, as well as material support for the national revolutionary movement in China, contributed to the deterioration of Soviet-British relations. Representatives of some of the British commercial and industrial circles were extremely interested in trade with Russia. They rightly believed that England would suffer more damage from the rupture than the Soviets. One of the steps towards easing tensions and creating favorable conditions for the development of trade and economic relations was the conclusion in May 1927 of an agreement between the delegation of the USSR and the board of Midland Bank on crediting Soviet orders of British goods. However, the subsequent police raid on the premises of the joint stock company “Arkos Limited” led to the termination of diplomatic relations with the USSR. As a result of the breakdown of relations, English firms suffered heavy losses. Orders were lost for the amount of the loan, on the provision of which an agreement was reached with Midland Bank. The termination of relations with the USSR had negative consequences for the British economy. The volume of Soviet-British trade has significantly decreased. The gradual improvement of Soviet-British relations led to the restoration of lost trade and economic relations. However, the issue of granting large loans, including from Midland Bank, remained unresolved.
Memory of Emigration: Russian Cultural and Historical Museum in Prague and Its Creator Valentin Bulgakov
Authors: Shcheblygina Irina
Published: October 2022

The paper explores preservation of the Russian émigré community’s cultural heritage. The Russian Cultural and Historical Museum in Prague (1935—1944) is the first national Russian museum abroad established with funding from first wave Russian émigrés who worked together to collect and preserve results of their creative activities in the period between two world wars. It focuses on the history of its creation as well as life and dedicated work of its director V. F. Bulgakov who made a lot of efforts to ensure that a part of the museum collection which survived the Second World War could return home becoming an integral part of Russian culture of the twentieth century.
Russian Legal Historians in European Emigration: Mikhail Yasinsky
Authors: Mikhalchenko Sergey
Published: October 2022

The article tells about the emigrant fate of the representative of the school of Western Russian law, historian of Russian law Mikhail Nikitich Yasinsky (1862—1935). His teaching activity at the University of Ljubljana is analyzed, the main directions of scientific research are characterized, and everyday details of his life are described. It is concluded that even in exile in Yugoslavia, Yasinsky continued to practice the main approaches of the school of Western Russian law in his scientific work — the comparative historical method and special attention to Slavic legal history. The article is written on the basis of both published and archival sources from the archives of Russia and Slovenia.
Eleutherius (Bogoyavlensky), Metropolitan of Lithuania and Wilno: Champion of the Russian Orthodox Cause in the Former Imperial Borderland
Authors: Musaev Vadim
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the life and work of Eleutherius (Bogoyavlensky), the Archbishop (from 1928 on — Metropolitan) of Lithuania and Wilno. Under the conditions of political separation of the territories of the former Western dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church from Russia, His Eminence Eleutherius made every effort in order to prevent withdrawal of his diocese from the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. The situation was aggravated by separation of the Wilno district, occupied and annexed in the early nineteen-twenties by Poland, from the rest of Lithuania and, accordingly, the Lithuanian diocese. Among all other Orthodox structures of the former Western borderlands of the Russian Empire, the Orthodox parishes in Lithuania, due to activities of His Grace Eleutherius and his associates, remained the only ones that retained canonical ties with the Mother-Church.
Diplomatic Protocol and Anglo-Russian Negotiations in 1662—1663
Authors: Kiselev Alexander
Published: October 2022

In the early 1660’s the Russian economy was in deep crisis. Needed in silver, the Muscovy government sent to England in 1662 a representative embassy of more than a hundred people, headed by Prince Pyotr Prozorovsky and the nobleman Ivan Zhelyabuzhsky. It is believed that the mission of Prozorovsky and Zhelyabuzhsky in London failed, because the King of England Charles II refused to give the Russian Tsar money in debt. In historiography this embassy is seen as an episodic event in the history of Anglo-Russian relations. The trip of the delegation of Muscovites to London was poorly reflected in Russian sources, whereas it was covered in detail by the English and Italian, which requires a more thorough analysis. The receipt of Prince Prozorovsky, found in the National Archives at Kew (UK), make it clear that the Muscovite delegation left London with money. However, the problem of the influence of Russian and English diplomatic protocol on the 17th century negotiation process and, in particular, on the results of Prozorovsky’s visit to England in 1662—1663 has so far escaped the attention of scholars. Using the actor approach of “new diplomatic history”, the author argues that it was a firm negotiating position that allowed diplomats of Muscovy to turn the course of Anglo-Russian negotiations on the financial issue and successfully conclude the mission to London.
Soviet Experience on German Land: Cultural Transformations in East Germany 1945—1955
Authors: Petelin Boris
Published: October 2022

At the Potsdam Conference of 1945, the victorious powers committed themselves to denazification in the occupied zones in order to destroy the consequences of National Socialism. This is directly related to culture, education, science, art. In the Soviet occupation zone (SOZ), the main tasks of denazification, among others, were performed by the SMAG, which included structures with a large staff, whose responsibility was to update the ideology and culture in SOZ. The work was huge and responsible. Therefore, specialists were sent to East Germany from the USSR, who, interacting with left-wing parties, German communists, anti-fascists, representatives of education, science, culture, actually, even before the creation of the GDR, predetermined its socialist choice. There were difficulties, problems, as shown in the article on the example of restructuring of school and higher education, the activities of writing, theater and other unions and organizations. There is still a debatable problem — the degree of “Sovietization” of German culture. The fact that the experience of the “cultural revolution” in the USSR was used on German soil is undeniable. But what concrete results did this bring to German culture? The certain influence of Soviet culture on the cultural life of the GDR should not be denied. At the same time, it remained a “German country”, having achieved impressive achievements in economic, social and cultural development over the forty years of its existence. Her disappearance is due to other factors, causes and circumstances.
To the Question of the Ethno-National Identity Formation During the Hundred Years War (France, 14th Century)
Authors: Kouzmina Margarita
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of ethno-national identity in France during the Hundred Years War. The Hundred Years War acted as a catalyst for the development of the nation-states of England and France. A feature of the consolidation of ethnic identification in France during this period was the fact that its “regulator” was the royal power, for which ethnicity in itself was not of great importance, since the main thing was the relationship between the king and his subjects, obviously people of different ethnicity. The image of the enemies of the kingdom, the English, whose ties with the subjects of the French sovereign could be interpreted as a betrayal of the interests of the kingdom, contributed to the crystallization of the ethno-national identity of the French. Attention is drawn to the similarities and differences in the formation of ethno-national identity in the West and in Russia in 14th century.
“Staples and Springs”: Boris Bakhmetev and the Russian Policy of Washington in 1917—1922
Authors: Listikov Sergey
Published: October 2022

This article explores the crucial role that Russia’s ambassador to Washington in 1917—1922, Boris Bakhmeteff, played during this turning point of relations between the two countries. During Russia’s civil war Bakhmeteff sought President Woodrow Wilson’s support for anti-Bolshevik forces and strove to influence ideologically and politically the Russian policy of the President’s advisors and officials. The article also sets out Bakhmeteff’s complex life history, which is the story of a gifted person who abandoned his career as an engineer to serve the Provisional Government in Washington to become an accomplished diplomat.
Avaliação de um Programa de Formação para Produção de Recursos Autoinstrucionais na Educação a Distância
Authors: Sousa Francenilde Silva de , Garcia Paola Trindade , Chagas Deysianne Costa das , Silva Stephanie Matos , Reis Regimarina Soares , Oliveira Ana Emilia Figueiredo de
Published: October 2022

Este estudo é uma avaliação de um Programa de Formação para Produção de Recursos Autoinstrucionais na Educação a Distância (PRA-EAD), ofertado no formato de cursos abertos online massivos (MOOCs). A avaliação foi realizada por meio da análise da reação e da aprendizagem dos egressos do programa e da discussão, à luz do modelo Kirkpatrick. Foram realizadas inferências descritivas e analíticas, por meio de testes estatísticos não paramétricos (alpha=5%), para análise da caracterização, expectativa e autoavaliação dos egressos e avaliação do programa. Os resultados da análise da reação e da aprendizagem dos egressos indicam que houve bom planejamento pedagógico do PRA-EAD.

Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Cursos online. Avaliação educacional.
Classification of Finger Spelling American Sign Language Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Marjusalinah Anna Dwi , Samsuryadi Samsuryadi , Buchari Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2022

Sign language is a combination of complex hand movements, body postures, and facial expressions. However, only a limited number of people can understand and use it. A computer aid sign language recognition with finger spelling style utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to reduce the burden. We compared two CNN architectures such as Resnet 50, and DenseNet 121 to classify the American sign language dataset. Several data splitting proportions were also tested. From the experimental result, it is shown that the Resnet 50 architecture with 80:20 data splitting for training and testing indicates the best performance with an accuracy of 0.999913, sensitivity 0.998966, precision 0.998958, specificity 0.999955, F1-score 0.999913, and error 0.0000898.
Topic Classification of Islamic Question and Answer Using Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF Method
Authors: Andini Aura Sukma , Murdiansyah Danang Triantoro , Lhaksmana Kemas Muslim
Published: October 2022

Information spread through the internet is widely used by people to find anything. One of the most searched information on the internet is information related to Islamic religious knowledge. However, the large amount of information available from various sources makes it difficult for people to find the correct information. Previous researchers have researched this topic, but the dataset used only comes from one source. Therefore, in this study, a classification system for Islamic question and answer topics was built using the Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF methods. This study using 1000 question and answer article data taken from Islamic consultation websites, namely rumahfiqih.com and islamqa.info. The multi-class classification uses five categories which are manually labeled using the category classes on the website. From several test scenarios in this study, the Naïve Bayes classification method using TF-IDF (n-gram level) with a maximum feature of 1000 at a data separation ratio of 70:30 produces the highest accuracy of 81%. The 81% accuracy value was also generated by the SVM classification method, but the difference was in the SVM the highest accuracy value using TF-IDF (word level). It is expected that in the subsequent research will be used more website sources and the use of other classification and feature extraction methods with more optimal value than previous research.
Identification of Stunting Disease using Anthropometry Data and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model
Authors: Amin Faris Mushlihul , Novitasari Dian Candra Rini
Published: October 2022

Children with unbalanced nutrition are currently crucial health issues and under the spotlight around the world. One of the terms for malnourished children is stunting. Stunting is a disease of malnutrition found in children aged under 5 years; as many as 70% of stunting sufferers are children aged 0-23 months. There are several ways to diagnose stunting, one of which is using stunting anthropometry. Stunting anthropometry can measure the physique of children so that some of the features that characterize the presence of stunting can be identified. Features resulted from the stunting anthropometry cover age, height, weight, gender, upper arm circumference, head size, chest circumference, and hip fat measurement. The process of identifying stunting can be simplified using an intelligent system called the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system. CAD system contains 2 main processes, namely preprocessing and classification. Preprocessing includes normalization and augmentation of data using the SMOTE method. The classification process in this study uses the LSTM method. LSTM is a modification of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) method by adding a memory cell so that it can store memory data for a long time and in large quantities. The results of this study compare between the results of models that apply preprocessing and the one without preprocessing. The model that only uses LSTM has the best accuracy of 78.35%; the model with normalization produces an accuracy of 81.53%; the model that uses SMOTE produces an accuracy of 81.66%; and the model that uses normalization and SMOTE produces the best accuracy of 85.79%.
Simulation Design of Artificial Intelligence Controlled Goods Transport Robot
Authors: Oktarina Yurni , Sastiani Destri Zumar , Dewi Tresna
Published: October 2022

Technological advances enable scientists and researchers to develop more automated systems for life's convenience. Transportation is among those conveniences needed in daily activities, including warehouses. The easy-to-build and straightforward transport robot are desired to ease human workers' working conditions. The application of artificial intelligence (AI), Fuzzy Logic Controller, and Neural Network ensures the robot is able to finish assigned tasks better and faster. This paper shows the concept design of an AI-controlled good transport robot applied in the warehouse. The design is made as fast and straightforward forward possible, and the feasibility of the proposed method is proven by simulation in Scilab FLT and Neuroph.
Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Yazid Rizq Khairi , Samsuryadi Samsuryadi
Published: October 2022

One of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus, namely Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) damages the retina of the eye and has five levels of severity: Normal, Mild, Medium, Severe and Proliferate. If not detected and treated, this complication can lead to blindness. Detection and classification of this disease is still done manually by an ophthalmologist using an image of the patient's eye fundus. Manual detection has the disadvantage that it requires an expert in the field and the process is difficult. This research was conducted by detecting and classifying DR disease using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN model was built based on the VGG-16 architecture to study the characteristics of the eye fundus images of DR patients. The model was trained using 4750 images which were rescaled to 256 X 256 size and converted to grayscale using the BT-709 (HDTV) method. The CNN-based software with VGG-16 architecture developed resulted in an accuracy of 62% for the detection and classification of 100 test images based on five DR severity classes. This software produces the highest Sensitivity value in the Normal class at 90% and the largest Specificity value in the Mild class at 97.5%.
Comparative Analysis Multi-Robot Formation Control Modeling Using Fuzzy Logic Type 2 – Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Islami Anggun , Nurmaini Siti , Satria Hadipurnawan
Published: October 2022

Multi-robot is a robotic system consisting of several robots that are interconnected and can communicate and collaborate with each other to complete a goal. With physical similarities, they have two controlled wheels and one free wheel that moves at the same speed. In this Problem, there is a main problem remaining in controlling the movement of the multi robot formation in searching the target. It occurs because the robots have to create dynamic geometric shapes towards the target. In its movement, it requires a control system in order to move the position as desired. For multi-robot movement formations, they have their own predetermined trajectories which are relatively constant in varying speeds and accelerations even in sudden stops. Based on these weaknesses, the robots must be able to avoid obstacles and reach the target. This research used Fuzzy Logic type 2 – Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm which was compared with Fuzzy Logic type 2 – Modified Particle Swarm Optimization and Fuzzy Logic type 2 – Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization. Based on the experiments that had been carried out in each environment, it was found that Fuzzy Logic type 2 - Modified Particle Swarm Optimization had better iteration, time and resource and also smoother robot movement than Fuzzy Logic type 2 – Particle Swarm Optimization and Fuzzy Logic Type 2 - Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization.
An Approach to Improve the Live Migration Using Asynchronized Cache and Prioritized IP Packets
Authors: Mohebbi Keyvan , Moslehi Takantapeh Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2022

The live migration of a virtual machine is a method of moving virtual machines across hosts within a virtualized data center. Two main parameters should be considered for evaluation of live migration; total duration, and downtime of migration. This paper focuses on optimization of live migration in Xen environment where memory pages are dirtied rapidly. An approach is proposed to manage dirty pages during migration in the cache and prioritize the packets at the network level. According to the evaluations, when the system is under heavy workload or it is running within a stress tool, the virtual machines are intensively writing. The proposed approach outperforms the default method in terms of number of transferred pages, total migration time, and downtime. Experimental results showed that by increasing workload, the proposed approach reduced the number of sent pages by 47.4%, total migration time by 10%, and the downtime by 27.7% in live migration.
Book Recommender System Using Genetic Algorithm and Association Rule Mining
Authors: Mustika Hani Febri , Musdholifah Aina
Published: October 2022

Recommender system aims to provide on something that likely most suitable and attractive for users. Many researches on the book recommender system for library have already been done. One of them used association rule mining. However, the system was not optimal in providing recommendations that appropriate to the user's preferences and achieving the goal of recommender system. This research proposed a book recommender system for the library that optimizes association rule mining using genetic algorithm. Data used in this research has taken from Yogyakarta City Library during 2015 until 2016. The experimental results of the association rule mining study show that 0.01 for the greatest value of minimum support and 0.4359 for the average confidence value due to a lot of data and uneven distribution of data. Furthermore, other results are 0.499471 for the average of Laplace value, 30.7527 for the average of lift value and 1.91534252 for the average of conviction value, which those values indicate that rules have good enough level of confidence, quite interesting and dependent which indicates existing relation between antecedent and consequent. Optimization using genetic algorithm requires longer execution time, but it was able to produce book recommendations better than only using association rule mining. In Addition, the system got 77.5% for achieving the goal of recommender system, namely relevance, novelty, serendipity and increasing recommendation diversity.
Automated ECG Waveform Annotation Based on Stacked Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Darmawahyuni Annisa , Nurmaini Siti , Rachmatullah Muhammad Naufal
Published: October 2022

The classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform segmentation techniques can be difficult due to physiological variation of heart rate and different characteristics of the different ECG waves in terms of shape, frequency, amplitude, and duration. The P-wave, PR-segment, QRS-complex, ST-segment, and T-wave are extracted as the feature for classification algorithm to diagnose specified cardiac disorders. This requires the implementation of algorithms that identify specific points within the ECG wave. Some previous computational algorithms for automatic classification of ECG segmentation are proposed to overcome limitations of manual inspection of the ECG. This study presents new insight into the ECG semantic segmentation problem is surmounted by a deep learning approach for automatic ECG wave-form. Long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed for this task. This experimental study has been performed for six different waveforms of ECG signal that represents cardiac disorders obtained from the Physionet: QT database. Overall, LSTM performance achieved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1-score, is 93.36%, 86.85%, 95.78%, 81.79%, and 83.09%, respectively.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Plants Diseases Detection Using Hybrid Features
Authors: Kusumo Budiarianto Suryo , Heryana Ana , Krisnandi Dikdik , Yuwana Sandra , Zilvan Vicky , Pardede Hilman F
Published: October 2022

With advances in information technology, various ways have been developed to detect diseases in plants, one of which is by using Machine Learning. In machine learning, the choice of features affect the performance significantly. However, most features have limitations for plant diseases detection. For that reason, we propose the use of hybrid features for plant diseases detection in this paper. We append local descriptor and texture features, i.e. linear binary pattern (LBP) to color features. The hybrid features are then used as inputs for deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) Support and VGG16 classifiers. Our evaluation on Based on our experiments, our proposed features achieved better performances than those of using color features only. Our results also suggest fast convergence of the proposed features as the good performance is achieved at low number of epoch.
Political Government of Informing Soviet Citizens about Events Abroad in 1921–1941 (Penza Region is Taken as an Example)
Authors:   Penza State University, Timoshina S. A.
Published: October 2022

The article analyses the methods Communist party organizations used in informing Soviet citizens about events and developments abroad. It concludes that Communist party played a leading role in informing Soviet people about life abroad.
"The initial period of the Great Patriotic War and the deportation of Russian Germans: views and assessments after 70 years"
Authors:   Saratov State University, German Arkady A.
Published: October 2022

August 25–29, 2011 at the Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, the Third International Scientific Conference “The Initial Period of the Great Patriotic War and the Deportation of Russian Germans: Views and Assessments in 70 Years” was held, which became a new serious step towards the study of the history of Russian Germans in the 20th century. On the one hand, previously acquired knowledge about the course of deportation and its consequences was generalized and systematized, on the other hand, it allowed us to look into those depths of historical knowledge that had not been possible to reach before and, thus, the conference participants became witnesses of a number of original and interesting reports that made it possible to fairly accurately reconstruct the events that took place seven decades ago.
The Education Reform of Alexander II: Evaluative Judgments in Historical Writings of the Late XIX – Early XX Centuries
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pozdnyakov A. N.
Published: October 2022

The education reform was an integral part of a set of measures to reform socio-economic and political life in Russia during the reign of Alexander II. The education reform became the subject of scientific research as early as the late XIX – early XX century. The value of these studies lies in the fact that they laid the basis for the historiography of education in Russia. The article provides an overview of these studies and summarizes the attitudes towards the reform of the system of education in Russia which prevailed in the scientific community of the late XIX – early XX century.
Abstract B. I. Kurakin’s Impressions of Italy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Sosnovtseva O. V.
Published: October 2022

In the reign of Peter I the Great diplomats were not only representatives of Russian interests in the world but were also media of national cultural values dissemination. A vivid example of such experience is Prince B. I. Kurakin. Being in Rome he tried to understand the essence of political and economic arrangements of the society, peculiarities of social development. As the description of Rome was one of the first B. I. Kurakin’s impressions of the West, it was a bit naïve. In spite of this fact, Kurakin’s evidence givesus an opportunity to study the process of the «Dialogue of Cultures» and Roman society of the first half of the XVIII century.
Social service of the Russian orthodox Church from the End of xIx Century till the Beginning of xx Century (on the Example of the Ryazan Eparchy)
Authors:   Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Stepanov I. I.
Published: October 2022

In the article some aspects of social service of the Russian Orthodox Church from the end of xIx century to the beginning of xx century are under research: discussion on the research of history of the social service of the Orthodox Church in the historiography of the xx century, the general levels of the social service on the example of the Ryazan eparchy in the same period. The author stresses that the social service of The Orthodox Church in that period got realized in unselfish and unpaid social activity.
From the History of the Officers Training for the Internal Troops of the Interior in Russia
Authors:   Center of operational-tactical studies of the Internal Troops of Russia, Novozhilov V. Y.
Published: October 2022

The article gives detailed information of military education in Russia since the 18th century. The author presents the development of military education, the way it suited to different circumstances and the influence of the latter on the process of Russian officers’ professional upbringing. A special attention is given to the commanders of the Internal Troops training. The goals and the tasks of education depending on the political circumstances, the ways they have been solved, are discussed. The preparation of the military staff in educational institutions is also discussed.
Corinthian and Italo-Corinthian Vases in the «Сatalogue of Classical Antiquities Possessed by Cavaliere Pizzati»
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, Bukina A. G.
Published: October 2022

This article deals with one manuscript in the archive of The State Hermitage museum. It is entitled “Catalogo della cospicua collezione de’Vasi antichi Italo-greci, de’ vetri, delle terre cotte e de’ bronzi di proprieta del Sig. Cav. Pizzati”. The piece has been written ca 1833 by the outstanding Neapolitan antiquarian and connoisseur Raffaele Gargiulo. The author of present article considers the entries on the Corinthian and Italo-Corinthian vases. These texts give us an idea, how the pieces of this kind have been described and interpreted during the early period of its collecting and study.
The Native Historiography of Medieval Moravian Cities Development: the History and the Prospects of Studying
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lebedeva A. A.
Published: October 2022

The article describes the tradition of studying Moravian cities in native Slavonic studies and concludes the necessity of further researching this issue.
The Question of the USSR’s Potential Enemies in Potential War in 1920s
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tsyplin V. G.
Published: October 2022

The article examines Russian relations with potential adversaries in the interwar period. The author systematizes a number of diplomatic Anti-Soviet Acts and the ranking of states threatening the USSR’s foreign policy during 1920s.
From the «Containment» Doctrine to the «Expansion» Strategy : the American Foreign Aid and New Epoch Challenges (1992–1994)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Aphonina E. A.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the changes in the American foreign policy and essence of new global challenges after the end of the Cold War. Besides the role of the American foreign аid to underdeveloped countries in the context of the Clinton administration’s National Security Strategy is also analyzed.
Key Stages in the Development of the Nunn – Lugar Program in the 1990s
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tomchuk G. V.
Published: October 2022

The article examines the main stages of formation and development of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program, its goal and tasks at each stage, as well as reasons and methods used by the opposition in the USA to reduce its funding.
Palestinian front of the Islamic revolution
Authors:   Saratov State University, Baranov A. V.
Published: October 2022

In the article analyzes the «Palestinian» track in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It’s studying initiatives of Teheran in resolving of «the Palestinian conflict» and reaction to them from the Arabian world. Also consider the transformation of foreign policy structures of the region in the Middle East caused by a policy of Israel and the USA in the Palestinian territories after operation «Cast lead» in 2009 year.
Censorship Policy of Catherine the Great in 1762–1771
Authors:   Saratov State University, Starkova L.K.
Published: October 2022

The article considers the first initiatives of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great in question of Censorship. The article gives an account of the state controlling of book printing, book delivery and book banning in the second half of 18th century. The great interest is the analysis of the public opinion in question of Catherine’s censorship reforms.
Comparison of the Effect of Adding L-Carnitine to Propranolol in the Prevention of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Attacks in Children
Authors: Famouri Fatemeh , Janani Somayeh , Chegini Victoria , Saneian Hossein , Khademian Majid , Khoshhali Mehri , Nasri Peiman
Published: October 2022

Background: Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is an idiopathic, complex, multifactorial disorder that is often characterized by recurrent episodes of vomiting and is usually separated by asymptomatic episodes. Prophylaxis should be considered in children with frequent or severe periods. Prevention and treatment of CVS in children is very difficult and no specific and effective treatment has been proven in clinical trials. Propranolol is approved for the prophylaxis of CVS in children of all ages, but its effectiveness has been variable. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of adding L-Carnitine to propranolol therapy in the prevention of pediatric CVS.
Methods: 76 children who were diagnosed with CVS were included in this study. They were divided into two equal groups. The first group received high dose of Propranolol and the case group received L-Carnitine with low dose of propranolol for 6 months.
Results: CVS attacks’ frequency in both groups of treatment with propranolol alone and in combination with L-Carnitine and propranolol, before and after the treatment was significantly reduced. But there is no significant difference between the two groups 70.6%) vs. 90.9%) (p-value=0.062). There was no significant reduction in the duration days between vomiting attack index in both groups (31.6 % vs.43.2%) (p-value= 0.345).
Conclusion: Our research revealed that combination of low dose propranolol with L-Carnitine has comparable efficacy with high dose Propranolol in prophylaxis of CVS.
Topiramate-Induced Oral Lichenoid Lesions: A Case Report
Authors: Elyasi Forouzan , Rezaei Maedeh
Published: October 2022

Topiramate is being widely used to prevent migraine headaches and treat epilepsy and mental disorders; however, Oral Lichenoid Lesion (OLL) is one of its rare side effects. The present report has been provided based on a patient case study who had developed OLLs following treatment with topiramate. The patient was a 50-year-old woman referred to a psychiatric clinic with complaints of severe headaches, anxiety, insomnia, and symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). For this purpose, fluoxetine, topiramate, and nortriptyline were prescribed. Two months after increasing the topiramate dosage to 400 mg per day, she developed OLLs. The Topiramate dose was reduced within two weeks and finally discontinued. The lesions were removed four weeks after the cessation. The patient had no lesions for 6 months. With restarting the drug, the lesion reappeared and finally, ceasing topiramate usage. To conclude, the mentioned lesions are one of the rare complications of this anticonvulsant drug.
Evaluation of the Effect of Pistaciakhinjuk Leaves Billardieri on Metabolic Control and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Referred to Sedigheh Tahereh Endocrine and Metabolism Center in Isfahan
Authors: Afzali Kobra , Sabohi Fakhri , Mazaheri Mohammad , Iraj Bijan
Published: October 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic abnormality that results in increased plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and decreased quality of life due to decreased insulin secretion. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs, researchers are looking for alternative and complementary methods such as herbal treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the tea of pistaciakhinjuk plant on the indicators of metabolic control and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: On total, 72 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups, intervention and control. The intervention group consumed 240 cc of pistaciakhinjuk leaf tea daily after breakfast and dinner for one month. The control group continued their usual treatment process. Data collection was done with Jacobsen's questionnaire measuring the quality of life in diabetes patients and data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.
Results: The independent t-test and also the analysis of variance test with repeated observations showed that the average score of metabolic indicators and quality of life one month and three months after the intervention in the test group was significantly lower than the control group (p value < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the experimental group before and after the intervention. This means that pistaciakhinjuk leaves billardieri affected fasting sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS BY THE NUMBER OF BACTERIA IN SIEROSANDS
Authors: Evstegneeva N.A. , Kolesnikov S.I. , Minnikova T.V. , Timoshenko A.N. , Tsepina N.I. , Kazeev K.Sh.
Published: October 2022

The results of studies on the assessment of the ecotoxicity of 28 heavy metals, metalloids and nonmetals by the degree of influence on the total number of bacteria in sulfur sands are presented. Soil pollution was modeled in laboratory conditions. Heavy metals and metalloids were introduced in the form of oxides at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg of the element per 1 kg of soil. The total number of bacteria was determined by direct luminescence microscopy. According to the decrease in the number of bacteria in sulfur sands with the addition of 10 mg/kg of soil, the studied chemical elements form the following sequence: Te > Se > Ag > Cr > Ge > Hg > Bi > Yb > Tl > Sn > Ni = Cd > W = Cu = Sc > Sb > Nb = Co > Y > B = Ga > Sr > Pb > V > Mo > Zn > F > Mn. The toxicity series of heavy metals, metalloids and non-metals for sulfur sands when elements are introduced at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of soil is as follows: Ag > Cr > Hg > Se > Te > Ge > Bi > Yb = Tl > W > Sn = Cd > Cu = Sc > Sb = Ni > Co > B > Nb > Y > Sr = Ga > V > Zn > Mo > Pb > F > Mn. Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, and Te showed the highest toxicity in relation to the total number of soil bacteria in sierosands.
SOME QUESTIONS OF GEOMETRY OF LOCALLY CONFORMAL KAHLER MANIFOLDS
Authors: Rustanov Aligadzhi R. , Polkina Elena A.
Published: October 2022

Torso-forming vector fields, as well as their special cases (concircular, special concircular and recurrent) are used in many areas of differential geometry, for example, in conformal, geodesic, almost geodesic, holomorphically projective and other mappings and transformations. The presence of torso-forming vector fields on the space under consideration makes the geometry of this space more meaningful. It is of interest to study the geometry of spaces that admit recurrent vector fields. In this paper, the authors consider locally conformally Kahler manifolds with a recurrent Lie vector. Such manifolds are called recurrent locally conformally Kahler manifolds. The Lie form and the Lie vector are calculated explicitly. It is proved that the Lie vector of a locally conformally Kahler manifold of constant curvature is a concircular field. A recurrence criterion for a conformally flat locally conformally Kahler manifold is obtained. Some properties of conformally flat locally conformally Kahler manifolds are proved. It is proved that a compact manifold of constant curvature does not admit its own recurrent locally conformal Kahler structure.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND POLLUTION LEVEL OF RIVER WATERS AND SEDIMENTS IN THE SEVERSKY DONETS RIVER BASIN (WITHIN THE ROSTOV REGION)
Authors: Reshetnyak Viktor N. , Zakrutkin Vladimir E.
Published: October 2022

The article considers the chemical composition features and pollution levels of river waters and sediments in the Seversky Donets River basin. The river waters pollution degree has been assessed using the specific combinatorial index of water pollution, and the river sediments pollution level has been evaluated using the conventional total pollution index and the integral contamination index of river sediments proposed by the authors. In order to compare the chemical compositions of the studied media we have used the concentration coefficients of elements in river waters and sediments based on the corresponding clarks. The physical and chemical features of the elements which contents differ significantly in the studied media have been analyzed in detail: namely manganese, copper, nickel, and lead. Physical and geographical and other factors that influence the distribution of elements within the river water – river sediments system in the study area have also been considered. It has been revealed that the level river sediments pollution in the Seversky Donets River basin is determined by elevated contents of nickel and lead. These elements are transferred mainly in a suspended form. It is demonstrated that the river waters pollution level depends on a number of macro- and microcomponents, and manganese and copper compounds make a significant contribution. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the levels of river sediments contamination and the river water pollution in the Seversky Donets River basin is mainly caused by the self-purification processes in river sediments.
Non-Invasive Prenatal Genetic Screening to Detect Trisomies In Singleton and Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Razdan Alpana , Arora Rajat , Agarwal Gauri , Sharma Vandana , Kandpal Jagdish , Singh Narendra , Nandi Malobi
Published: October 2022

Background
Screening for fetal anomalies is one of the most critical parts of prenatal testing to reduce the burden of chromosomal aberrations and improve clinical outcomes in pregnancy. The available literature suggests that India carries a strong economic, emotional, and health care burden of new-born genetic diseases.
Material and Methods:
We present a single-center retrospective study of 200 singletons and 6 dichorionic diamniotic twin gestations screened for chromosomal abnormalities and trisomies using NIPT.  The patients were presented with a gestation period of 10-12 (plus a few days) weeks, clinically confirmed with singleton or diamniotic dizygotic twins, who underwent NIPT between the years 2021-2022 (mid) at our center. All the patients underwent sonographic examination and biochemical investigations with regular follow-up and genetic counseling. The clinical history and family history of the presence of any genetic disease or any other disease were previously taken by the clinician in all cases. The main clinical indications were increased risk of trisomies found in markers test, advanced maternal age, or presented with some mild complications in pregnancy.
Results;
Out of the total (206) pregnancies, only 2 singleton cases were found at high risk in NIPT screen, prospectively followed up, and showed normal twins in six cases of twin pregnancy growing successfully. The high-risk cases were genetically counselled and further tests using amniotic or chorionic villi samples were recommended by the clinician with regular clinical follow-up.
Conclusion:
This retrospective study clearly indicates that non-invasive prenatal testing in pregnancy is a safe and effective screening test to rule out certain chromosomal abnormalities and to omit the need of further invasive tests among low-risk cases.