bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinoflagelados (Peridiniales, Prorocentrales) do microplâncton na plataforma continental e talude do extremo sul do Brasil (inverno 2005, verão 2007)
Authors: Islabão Carolina Antuarte , Odebrecht Clarisse
Published: January 2012

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar as morfo-espécies de dinoflagelados do microplâncton (>20 μm) das Ordens Peridiniales e Prorocentrales ao largo do Cabo de Santa Marta Grande, CSMG (SC, 28º 40' S) e Albardão-Chuí, AC (RS, 34º 40' S) durante dois cruzeiros oceanográficos: inverno de 2005 e verão de 2007. Amostras de plâncton foram coletadas através de arrastos verticais com rede de plâncton (20 μm), preservadas com formalina 4% e analisadas ao microscópio invertido equipado com câmara digital. Quando necessário, a identificação de espécies de Peridiniales foi efetuada através do número e morfologia das placas da teca realçadas com Calco Flúor Branco MR2; espécies de Prorocentrales foram identificadas com base em seu tamanho, forma, presença de processos apicais, padrão dos poros e marcas na faixa intercalar. Foram identificadas 25 espécies, das quais Protoperidinium (11), Prorocentrum (6), Corythodinium (3), Podolampas (2), Oxytoxum (2) e Heterocapsa (1). Espécies de Prorocentrum apresentaram ampla distribuição na plataforma continental do extremo sul do Brasil, enquanto as espécies de Peridiniales foram observadas principalmente na região do Albardão-Chuí durante o inverno, sob a influência da Pluma do Río de la Plata. Oxytoxum milneri foi pela primeira vez registrada na região sul do País, e Protoperidinium cassum var. cassum, P. curtipes e Heterocapsa triquetra foram registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil.
Registros de Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Santos-Rocha Isabel Medeiros dos , Andreazze Ricardo , Bellini Bruno Cavalcante
Published: January 2012

O estado de conhecimento sobre Collembola no Brasil é deficitário, sendo a maior parte dos biomas pobremente amostrados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fornecer uma lista de espécies de colêmbolos para o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. As coletas foram realizadas nos municípios de Extremoz, Natal, Parnamirim e Serra Negra do Norte, por meio da utilização de armadilhas de queda, armadilha luminosa e coleta manual diretamente do substrato. Foram registradas 16 espécies, distribuídas em 12 gêneros e sete famílias. A família com maior riqueza de espécies foi Entomobryidae, com sete espécies. O gênero com maior número de espécies foi Seira, com quatro. As duas únicas espécies registradas na Caatinga também foram observadas nas áreas de Mata Atlântica. Por outro lado, tais espécies são novas para a ciência, o que sugere a urgência de um inventário na Caatinga, domínio ainda subestimado. Foram encontradas cinco espécies novas de colêmbolos no Estado.
A comparison of foraging between the South American and Cabot's Tern in southern Brazil
Authors: Fracasso Hélio Augusto Alves , Branco Joaquim Olinto , Barbieri Edison
Published: January 2012

Despite being widely distributed in South America and having relatively large populations, little is known about the trophic ecology of the South American Tern (Sterna hirundinacea) and Cabot's Tern (Thalasseus acuflavidus). In Brazil, South American and Terns Cabot's breed in mixed colonies from the state of Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina. Here, we describe results of a study of the feeding ecology of these two species during the reproductive seasons of April to October of 2003, 2005 and 2006 from Cardos Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 6248, 5140, and 4006 fishes were delivered to chicks or females by South American Terns; and 1157, 628 and 98 fish and or other prey items by Cabot's Terns during the breeding seasons of 2003, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Prey items identified included eight, seven and nine fish families for South American Terns; and, five, three and two families for Cabot's terns, in the three respective years. The number of food deliveries per chick for South American Terns was between 09:00 and 10:00 am in 2006, and between 11:00 and 12:00 am in 2005. Cabot's Terns chicks were fed in the early hours of the morning until late afternoon.
Bat assemblage in savanna remnants of Sonora, central-western Brazil
Authors: Cunha Nicolay Leme da , Fischer Erich , Santos Carolina Ferreira
Published: January 2012

The Cerrado (savanna) is a wide Neotropical formation, but the knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of bat species for this phytogeographic region is scarce, especially in the western portion. Here we address what are the bat species and their relative abundances in a western Cerrado site, municipality of Sonora, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Bats were mist-netted in eight non consecutive months over the course of two years. Sampled bats (n = 507) belonged to 18 species. The estimator Jackknife 1 estimated 22 species, and diversity (H') was 1.6. Richness and diversity of bats in Sonora were slightly higher than in the southern Cerrado, and similar to or lower than in the central Cerrado. Frugivorous species predominated, as expected, however richness and abundance of nectarivorous were unexpectedly high. Carollia perspicillata was the dominant species. The endemic bat Lonchophylla dekeyseri was highly abundant in Sonora, which enhances the importance of conserving the savanna remnants in this region.
A new species of Colosmittia Andersen et Sæther from Costa Rica (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Andersen Trond , Mendes Humberto Fonseca , Hagenlund Linn Katrine
Published: January 2012

Colosmittia anamariae sp. n. from Costa Rica is described and figured as male imago. The genus Colosmittia Andersen et Sæther, 1994 was described based on a single species, C. clavata Andersen et Sæther, 1994 from the West Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, East Africa. A second species, C. brasileira Mendes et Andersen, 2009 was recently described from Brazil. The discovery of a third species in Costa Rica indicates that the genus might be widespread in the Neotropical region.
Rhodophyta de ambientes lóticos de Unidades de Conservação da região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Branco Ciro Cesar Zanini , Riolfi Thais Antunes , Peres Cleto Kaveski , Necchi Júnior Orlando
Published: January 2012

Espécies de Rhodophyta de 10 Unidades de Conservação da região Sul do Brasil foram investigadas. As amostragens foram conduzidas em 105 segmentos de riachos consistindo em transeções de 10 m de comprimento. O levantamento florístico resultou em 80 populações representando três gêneros, Batrachospermum, Kumanoa e Hildenbrandia, além do estágios 'Chantransia'. Batrachospermum foi representado por cinco espécies (B. arcuatum Kylin, B. atrum (Hudson) Harvey, B. helminthosum Bory, B. keratophytum Bory, B. puiggarianum Grunow in Wittrock & Nordstedt). O gênero Kumanoa foi representado por K. abilii (Reis) Necchi Júnior & Vis e K. ambigua (Montagne) Entwisle et al., enquanto Hildenbrandia exclusivamente por H. angolensis W. West & G.S. West. Nossos resultados confirmam Batachospermum como o gênero melhor representado, em termos de número de espécies, entre as Rhdophyta de água doce. Batrachospermum arcuatum foi registrado pela primeira vez na região Sul do Brasil, ampliando assim, o limite austral de sua distribuição.
First record of the invasive alien species Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Brazil
Authors: Sponchiado Jonas , Melo Geruza Leal , Cáceres Nilton Carlos
Published: January 2012

The exotic alien species Axis axis was introduced in the Americas at the beginning of last century and since then has established itself, expanding its distribution. This is the first record of this species in Brazil. In the extreme south of the country, an individual of A. axis was recorded with a camera trap in the Espinilho State Park. The area is close to the border of Uruguay and Argentina, countries where the species is established and from where this individual presumably originated. The Pampas biome is strongly disturbed by human activity in Brazil and since many native mammal species such as the Pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus are threatened regionally. It is alarming that exotic populations can potentially rapidly expand their ranges in the region, as A. axis deer has done in Uruguay and Argentina. Possible consequences for this invasion are discussed.
Predation of the Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Aves: Emberizidae) on Merostachys neesii (Poaceae: Babusoideae) seeds during a masting event in the Atlantic forest
Authors: Cestari César , Bernardi Cláudio João
Published: January 2012

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) is frequently found foraging on seeds during ephemeral masting events of bamboos in the Atlantic forest. In the present study, we analyzed the predation activity of S. frontalis on seeds of Merostachys neesii Rupr. during a masting event in an Atlantic forest reserve on southeastern Brazil. We conducted point counts in spots with M. neesii and in spots without bamboos along trails to determine the presence of S. frontalis on M. neesii clumps. Additionally, focal observations on bamboo clumps and seed traps were used to verify the predatory impact of S. frontalis on M. neesii seeds. S. frontalis was present in 6 out 18 point counts in M. neesii clumps. The seedeater behaved territorially in bamboo clumps and presented a mean predation rate of 1.10 bamboo seeds/minute. Seed traps had up to 80% of the seeds predated. The large amount of seeds available during bamboo masting events probably contributes to the maintenance of wandering populations of S. frontalis in the Atlantic forest. On the other hand, the predation of seeds by S. frontalis may reduce the reproductive germination and the propagation of the bamboos whose growth may in turn negatively affect the establishment of other forest species.
Modelo experimental ex vivo com bloco pulmonar dividido
Authors: Mariani Alessandro Wasum , Medeiros Israel Lopes de , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Fernandes Flávio Guimarães , Unterpertinger Fernando do Valle , Fernandes Lucas Matos , Canzian Mauro , Jatene Fábio Biscegli
Published: January 2012

Modelos de recondicionamento pulmonar ex vivo têm sido avaliados desde sua proposição. Quando são utilizados pulmões humanos descartados para transplante, a grande variabilidade entre os casos pode limitar o desenvolvimento de alguns estudos. No intuito de reduzir esse problema, desenvolvemos uma técnica de separação do bloco pulmonar em direito e esquerdo com posterior reconexão, permitindo que um lado sirva de caso e o outro de controle.
Avaliação dos artigos de pneumologia publicados em periódicos Brasileiros além do Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
Authors: Baldi Bruno Guedes , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
Published: January 2012

A pesquisa em pneumologia no Brasil tem apresentado progressivo destaque nos últimos anos e, além do Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, outros periódicos têm contribuído com a publicação de manuscritos relevantes nessa área. Esse artigo teve por objetivo descrever resumidamente os principais trabalhos publicados no biênio 2009-2010 em pneumologia em outros importantes periódicos nacionais. Foram publicados 56 artigos das diferentes subáreas das doenças respiratórias.
Tomografia por emissão de pósitrons com 18F fluordesoxiglicose como exame não invasivo para o diagnóstico de sarcomas primários de artéria pulmonar
Authors: Dias Olívia Meira , Lombardi Elisa Maria Siqueira , Canzian Mauro , Soares Júnior José , Vieira Lucas de Oliveira , Terra Filho Mário
Published: January 2012

Os sarcomas de artéria pulmonar são tumores raros e de difícil diagnóstico, simulando frequentemente o tromboembolismo pulmonar crônico. Relatamos dois casos de pacientes do sexo feminino com quadro clínico de dispneia e massas pulmonares associadas a falhas de enchimento na artéria pulmonar em angiotomografia de tórax. A tomografia por emissão de pósitrons com 18F fluordesoxiglicose mostrou hipercaptação das respectivas lesões. O sarcoma de artéria pulmonar foi confirmado posteriormente por exame anatomopatológico. Ressaltamos a importância do uso desse tipo de tomografia como exame não invasivo no auxílio diagnóstico desses tumores
Influência da exposição gengival na estética do sorriso
Authors: Dutra Milene Brum , Ritter Daltro Enéas , Borgatto Adriano , Derech Carla D'Agostine , Rocha Roberto
Published: January 2012

OBJETIVO: este estudo se propôs a avaliar a influência da quantidade de exposição gengival na estética do sorriso para os sexos feminino e masculino, e se existe diferença de opinião entre ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e pessoas leigas. MÉTODOS: utilizaram-se fotografias da face durante o sorriso de um indivíduo do sexo feminino e de um indivíduo do sexo masculino. As fotos foram alteradas digitalmente para produzir cinco diferentes níveis de exposição gengival, que variaram de exposição gengival de 4mm até a cobertura dos incisivos superiores pelo lábio superior em 4mm. As fotografias foram impressas em tamanho real da face, dispostas aleatoriamente em um álbum e foram classificadas por 30 ortodontistas, 30 clínicos gerais e 30 leigos, quanto à atratividade do sorriso, em péssimo, ruim, regular, bom ou ótimo. RESULTADOS: o sorriso mais estético para o indivíduo do sexo feminino, tanto para ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e leigos, foi aquele em que o lábio superior repousa na margem cervical dos incisivos superiores, mostrando toda a coroa dos incisivos (p<0,05). Para o indivíduo do sexo masculino, o sorriso mais estético, para pessoas leigas, foi com o lábio na altura da margem cervical dos incisivos superiores (p<0,05), sendo que ortodontistas e clínicos gerais consideraram tanto o lábio na altura da margem cervical como o lábio superior cobrindo os incisivos superiores em 2mm como os mais estéticos (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: a estética do sorriso para mulheres e homens foi influenciada pela quantidade de exposição gengival, havendo diferença de opinião entre ortodontistas, clínicos gerais e leigos.
Avaliação dos efeitos de três métodos de remoção da resina remanescente do braquete na superfície do esmalte
Authors: Macieski Karine , Rocha Roberto , Locks Arno , Ribeiro Gerson Ulema
Published: January 2012

INTRODUÇÃO: é fundamental, para alcançar a correta técnica de descolagem, a seleção adequada do instrumental para remover o braquete e a resina remanescente. OBJETIVO: avaliar a superfície do esmalte com Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) após a utilização de três métodos de remoção da resina remanescente da descolagem do braquete. MÉTODOS: foram selecionados 18 incisivos bovinos, divididos em três grupos (A, B e C), contendo 6 dentes cada. Previamente à colagem do braquete, os dentes foram moldados com silicone de adição e preenchidos com resina epóxi, para o registro das características do esmalte, assim formando o Grupo Controle. Os métodos de remoção da resina remanescente utilizados foram: Grupo A - Soflex granulações grossa e média; Grupo B - broca Carbide em baixa rotação; Grupo C - broca Carbide em alta rotação. Polimento com Soflex granulações fina e ultrafina no Grupo A, pontas de borracha nos grupos B e C, e pasta de polimento para esmalte nos três grupos. Após cada etapa de remoção da resina remanescente e polimento, os dentes foram novamente moldados, duplicados e as réplicas analisadas em MEV. Foram, então, comparadas as características do esmalte inicial (Grupo Controle) com o aspecto do esmalte após as etapas de remoção de resina, assim possibilitando avaliar o método que gerou menor abrasão ao esmalte. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: a remoção do remanescente adesivo com broca Carbide multilaminada em baixa rotação, polimento com pontas de borracha, e polimento final com pasta de polimento é o procedimento que ocasiona menor dano ao esmalte.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children with Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Ward Jared A. , Vig Katherine W.L. , Firestone Allen R. , Mercado Ana , Da Fonseca Marcio , Johnston William
Published: January 2012

Objectives

To determine the impact of orofacial clefts on the oral health–related quality of life of affected children and whether the oral health–related quality of life of children with orofacial clefts differs among different age groups. To assess whether the responses of children with orofacial clefts differ from the caregivers’ perceptions of their child's oral health–related quality of life and compare with data from a control group.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Patients/Setting

A total of 75 subjects with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (mean age, 13.0 years) from the Nationwide Children's Hospital Craniofacial Anomalies Clinic, as well as their caregivers, and 75 control subjects (mean age, 13.9 years).

Main Outcome Measure

Self-reported oral health–related quality of life measured with the Child Oral Health Impact Profile, a reliable and valid questionnaire designed for use with children and teenagers.

Results

Children with orofacial clefts had statistically significant lower quality of life scores than control subjects had for overall oral health–related quality of life, Functional Well-being, and Social Emotional Well-being. There was a statistically significant difference in the interaction of age group and Social-Emotional Well-being between children with orofacial clefts and control children. No statistically significant differences were found between the responses of children with orofacial clefts and their caregivers’ reports.

Conclusions

Presence of an orofacial cleft significantly decreases overall oral health–related quality of life, Functional Well-being, and Social-Emotional Well-being in children and adolescents. The negative impact of orofacial clefts on Social-Emotional Well-being is greater in 15- to 18-year-olds than in younger age groups. Children with orofacial clefts and their caregivers had very similar evaluations of the child's oral health–related quality of life.
Local Strategies to Address Health Needs of Individuals with Orofacial Clefts in Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: Fontes Marshall Ítalo Barros , Almeida Lanusia Nunes , De Oliveira Reis Junior Gilberto , Filho José Ivam Vieira , Santos Kathleen Moura Dos , Anjos Filipe Silveira Dos , De Andrade Ana Karolina Maia , Porciuncula Carlos Guilherme Gaelzer , De Oliveira Michelline Costa , Pereira Rui Manoel , Vieira Tarsis Antonio Paiva , Viguetti-Campos Nilma Lúcia , Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia , Monlleó Isabella Lopes
Published: January 2012

Objective

To describe demographic and clinical-genetic characteristics of patients from a poor area of Brazil and to share experience on how the local genetic unit has addressed their major health needs.

Design

Descriptive cohort.

Setting

A clinical-genetic unit, a cytogenetics unit, and a regional cleft team located in the northeast and southeast of Brazil.

Participants

A total of 133 individuals with orofacial clefts who attended the surgical call of a nongovernmental organization. From this group, 125, 77, and 13 patients completed phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Methods

Phase 1 comprised a description of demographic characteristics recorded through interviews. Phase 2 included a clinical-genetic evaluation using a pretested form, as well as cytogenetic analyses of selected patients. Phase 3 comprised collaborative action to address major health needs of patients without primary surgery. The Fisher test was used for statistics with p value < .05.

Results

A majority of patients were rural residents with isolated cleft lip with cleft palate. Ages ranged between 0 and 30 years. Fifty percent had never undergone surgery; whereas, 100% had never attended a genetic evaluation. Isolated cleft was diagnosed in 77.9%, syndromes in 14.3%, and multiple congenital abnormalities in 7.8%. Positive familial history of clefts occurred in 28%; whereas, parental consanguinity was present in 7.8% cases. A total of 23 individuals without cleft surgery were registered for multidisciplinary treatment.

Conclusions

Findings revealed high levels of unmet medical needs and provided an evidence base for health care planning. Collaborative action was crucial and might be applied to other regions in Brazil.
First-Line XELOX Plus Bevacizumab Followed by XELOX Plus Bevacizumab or Single-Agent Bevacizumab as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Phase III MACRO TTD Study
Authors: Díaz-Rubio Eduardo , Gómez-España Auxiliadora , Massutí Bartomeu , Sastre Javier , Abad Albert , Valladares Manuel , Rivera Fernando , Safont Maria J. , Martínez de Prado Purificación , Gallén Manuel , González Encarnación , Marcuello Eugenio , Benavides Manuel , Fernández-Martos Carlos , Losa Ferrán , Escudero Pilar , Arrivi Antonio , Cervantes Andrés , Dueñas Rosario , López-Ladrón Amelia , Lacasta Adelaida , Llanos Marta , Tabernero Jose M. , Antón Antonio , Aranda Enrique ,   Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors (TTD)
Published: January 2012

Purpose.

The aim of this phase III trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab alone with those of bevacizumab and capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as maintenance treatment following induction chemotherapy with XELOX plus bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients and Methods.

Patients were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin every 3 weeks followed by XELOX plus bevacizumab or bevacizumab alone until progression. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) interval; secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) time, objective response rate (RR), time to response, duration of response, and safety.

Results.

The intent-to-treat population comprised 480 patients (XELOX plus bevacizumab, n = 239; bevacizumab, n = 241); there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The median follow-up was 29.0 months (range, 0–53.2 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the median PFS or OS times or in the RR between the two arms. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities in the XELOX plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab arms were diarrhea, hand–foot syndrome, and neuropathy.

Conclusion.

Although the noninferiority of bevacizumab versus XELOX plus bevacizumab cannot be confirmed, we can reliably exclude a median PFS detriment >3 weeks. This study suggests that maintenance therapy with single-agent bevacizumab may be an appropriate option following induction XELOX plus bevacizumab in mCRC patients.
Results of the GYNECO 02 Study, an FNCLCC Phase III Trial Comparing Hysterectomy with No Hysterectomy in Patients with a (Clinical and Radiological) Complete Response After Chemoradiation Therapy for Stage IB2 or II Cervical Cancer
Authors: Morice Philippe , Rouanet Philippe , Rey Annie , Romestaing Pascale , Houvenaeghel Gilles , Boulanger Jean Charles , Leveque Jean , Cowen Didier , Mathevet Patrice , Malhaire Jean Pierre , Magnin Guillaume , Fondrinier Eric , Berille Jocelyne , Haie-Meder Christine
Published: January 2012

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the therapeutic impact of hysterectomy after chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.Evaluate the rate of histologic residual disease in patients with complete clinical and radiologic response after chemoradiation therapy.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.

Concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) (including brachytherapy) is considered the standard management for stage IB2 or II cervical cancer in many countries. Nevertheless, some of them discuss completion surgery (hysterectomy [HT]) after CRT. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic impact of such surgery.

Methods.

A randomized trial was opened in France in 2003 to evaluate the interest in HT after CRT. Inclusion criteria were: (a) stage IB2 or II cervical cancer without extrapelvic disease on conventional imaging; (b) pelvic external radiation therapy (45 Gy with or without parametrial or nodal boost) with concomitant cisplatin chemotherapy (40 mg/m2 per week) followed by uterovaginal brachytherapy (15 Gy to the intermediate risk clinical target volume); and (c) complete clinical and radiological response 6–8 weeks after brachytherapy. Patients were randomized between HT (arm A) and no HT (arm B). Unfortunately this trial was closed because of poor accrual: 61 patients were enrolled (in 2003–2006) and are reported on here.

Results.

Thirty one and 30 patients were enrolled, respectively, in arm A and arm B. Twelve patients recurred (five of them died): respectively, eight and four in arm A and arm B. The 3-year event-free survival rates were 72% (standard error [SE], 9%) and 89% (SE, 6%) (not significant [NS]) in arm A and arm B, respectively. The 3-year overall survival rates were 86% (SE, 6%) and 97% (SE, 3%) (NS) in arm A and arm B, respectively.

Conclusions.

Results of the current trial seem to suggest that completion HT had no therapeutic impact in patients with clinical and radiological complete response after CRT (but this conclusion is limited by the lack of power).
Vitamin D and Breast Cancer
Authors: Shao Theresa , Klein Paula , Grossbard Michael L.
Published: January 2012

In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health, vitamin D has also been reported to have anticancer activities against many cancer types, including breast cancer. The discovery that breast epithelial cells possess the same enzymatic system as the kidney, allowing local manufacture of active vitamin D from circulating precursors, makes the effect of vitamin D in breast cancer biologically plausible. Preclinical and ecologic studies have suggested a role for vitamin D in breast cancer prevention. Inverse associations have also been shown between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25(OH)D) and breast cancer development, risk for breast cancer recurrence, and mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer. Clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation, however, have yielded inconsistent results. Regardless of whether or not vitamin D helps prevent breast cancer or its recurrence, vitamin D deficiency in the U.S. population is very common, and the adverse impact on bone health, a particular concern for breast cancer survivors, makes it important to understand vitamin D physiology and to recognize and treat vitamin D deficiency. In this review, we discuss vitamin D metabolism and its mechanism of action. We summarize the current evidence of the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer, highlight ongoing research in this area, and discuss optimal dosing of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention.
Curative Strategies for Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: A Review
Authors: Zdenkowski Nicholas , Chen Stanley , Westhuizen Andre , Ackland Stephen
Published: January 2012

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Among patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, determine which would benefit from liver resection, the timing for surgery, and an appropriate perioperative chemotherapy regimen.Determine which patients are candidates for perioperative chemotherapy and the appropriate timing of chemotherapy, and describe the relevant toxicities and their impact on morbidity and mortality.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Colorectal cancer is a very common malignancy and frequently manifests with liver metastases, often without other systemic disease. Margin-negative (R0) resection of limited metastatic disease, in conjunction with systemic antineoplastic agents, is the primary treatment strategy, leading to long survival times for appropriately selected patients. There is debate over whether the primary tumor and secondaries should be removed at the same time or in a staged manner. Chemotherapy is effective in converting some unresectable liver metastases into resectable disease, with a correspondingly better survival outcome. However, the ideal chemotherapy with or without biological agents and when it should be administered in the course of treatment are uncertain. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in initially resectable liver metastases is controversial. Local delivery of chemotherapy, with and without surgery, can lead to longer disease-free survival times, but it is not routinely used with curative intent. This review focuses on methods to maximize the disease-free survival interval using chemotherapy, surgery, and local methods.
Warming modifies trophic cascades and eutrophication in experimental freshwater communities
Authors: Kratina Pavel , Greig Hamish S. , Thompson Patrick L. , Carvalho-Pereira Ticiana S. A. , Shurin Jonathan B.
Published: January 2012

Climate warming is occurring in concert with other anthropogenic changes to ecosystems. However, it is unknown whether and how warming alters the importance of top‐down vs. bottom‐up control over community productivity and variability. We performed a 16‐month factorial experimental manipulation of warming, nutrient enrichment, and predator presence in replicated freshwater pond mesocosms to test their independent and interactive impacts. Warming strengthened trophic cascades from fish to primary producers, and it decreased the impact of eutrophication on the mean and temporal variation of phytoplankton biomass. These impacts varied seasonally, with higher temperatures leading to stronger trophic cascades in winter and weaker algae blooms under eutrophication in summer. Our results suggest that higher temperatures may shift the control of primary production in freshwater ponds toward stronger top‐down and weaker bottom‐up effects. The dampened temporal variability of algal biomass under eutrophication at higher temperatures suggests that warming may stabilize some ecosystem processes.
Through the Touch of God: Child Death and Spiritual Sustenance in a Hutterian Colony
Authors: Cacciatore Joanne
Published: January 2012

Nestled in more than 5,000 acres of farmland in rural South Dakota, one Hutterian colony flourishes with more than 23 families and a population of 115 people. Very little is known about the ways in which Hutterites experience traumatic infant and child death on the colony. No research studies to date have explored this topic. This is an ethnographic study that utilized extended observations of the group and both individual and group interviewing in order to create a cultural portrait specifically focusing on Hutterites experiencing traumatic child death. Observations were organized into five thematic categories: 1) details of the actual death experience; 2) emotional and physical reactions to the loss; 3) familial and communal response; 4) coping and rituals; and 5) spirituality. The role of communal mourning, ritualization, and spirituality in creating a healing milieu for bereaved families is discussed.
Researching “Good Death” in a Hong Kong Palliative Care Program: A Clinical Data-Mining Study
Authors: Chan Wallace C. H. , Epstein I.
Published: January 2012

This study operationalizes and assesses the percentage of “good deaths” achieved among Chinese cancer patients in a palliative care program, the profile of these patients, the relationship between patients with a good death and psychosocial factors, and the differences in background factors, and physical and psychosocial conditions between patients who experienced a good death and those who did not. Clinical data mining was the research method used. Records of deceased cancer patients between 2003 and 2005 in a palliative care unit were the sole data source. Good death was operationally defined as the patient's record indicating no pain (physical) or anxiety (psychological), and having open and honest communication with family (social) in the final assessment by the Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS) just before death. Using these criteria, about one-fifth of patients (21.5%; 137 out of 638) experienced a good death. Those with a good death were significantly older and were in palliative care longer. Their records also indicated lower levels of constipation, insomnia, oral discomfort, and family anxiety at their first and at their final STAS assessments. Good death was positively associated with recorded indicators of fullness in life, caregivers' acceptance and support, and negatively with reported feelings of upset about changes in the course of their illness. The results heighten awareness among social workers and other healthcare professionals about the value of good death in patients in palliative care. This empirically-based awareness can foster professionals' ability to set intervention objectives to help patients in palliative care achieve this universally accepted goal.
College Student Bereavement Experience in a Christian University
Authors: Walker Andrea C. , Hathcoat John D. , Noppe Illene C.
Published: January 2012

As part of the National College Grief Study, college student bereavement experience was examined specifically in a Christian university climate. Sex, year in school, and closeness to the deceased were measured in terms of academic and mental health outcomes and resources utilized. Females reported more mental health problems when close to the deceased, and seniors were less likely than first year students to utilize personal support resources of family and religion. During close losses, students experienced more mental health problems and negative social outcomes, but they did not access more resources. Recommendations for university personnel and suggestions for further research are given.
Samuel Hieron'S “Worldling”: A Funeral Sermon, 1618 and the Controversy over Eulogies
Authors: Doebler Bettie Anne , Warnicke Retha M.
Published: January 2012

After the Reformation, English clergymen debated the efficacy of funeral eulogies. Some believed they flattered the deceased and might be seen as prayers for the dead. Because the bereaved wanted to hear about the goodness of their beloved, most preachers gave eulogies, some in a generalized form for Godly imitation, not expressing the deceased's individuality. Samuel Hieron, a Puritan preacher, refused to give eulogies. In two that were printed, he used Biblical texts lauding the lives of Paul and Dorcas, making it possible for the grief-stricken to believe he was comparing the deceased to them. In the third, he used a text about a Worldling, angering the deceased's daughters, who believed he claimed their father had died a wicked man. Hieron prepared the sermon for publication to deny their charges but died before it appeared. His experience indicates parishioners expected to participate in decisions about how funeral services were conducted.
Process Integration and Information Sharing in Supply Chains
Authors: Schloetzer Jason D.
Published: January 2012

This study examines whether the potential for hold-up in supply chains influences the extent of process integration and information sharing between partners. The analysis uses performance scorecards and financial performance data collected from a major manufacturer regarding its contractual arrangements with 156 distributors. I find that distributors engage in less extensive process integration and information sharing with the manufacturer as the potential for hold-up increases, measured by the asymmetry of interdependence between partners. I also find that distributors engage in more extensive process integration and information sharing as the potential for hold-up decreases, measured by the magnitude of interdependence between partners. Additional evidence shows that more extensive process integration and information sharing have favorable financial performance implications for supply chain partners and enhance the likelihood of distributor contract renewal. Overall, the results indicate that the potential for hold-up can restrict the performance benefits available to partners from developing more extensive supply chain integration practices.

Data Availability: A confidentiality agreement restricts data availability. Some data have been modified by a common factor to preserve research site confidentiality.
An Examination of Partner Perceptions of Partner Rotation: Direct and Indirect Consequences to Audit Quality
Authors: Daugherty Brian E. , Dickins Denise , Hatfield Richard C. , Higgs Julia L.
Published: January 2012

Using structured interviews and surveys of practicing audit partners, this study examines their perceptions with regard to mandatory partner rotation and cooling-off periods, and how recently enacted, more stringent rules, may negatively impact auditors' quality of life to the detriment of audit quality. Results suggest rotation, in general, increases partners' workloads and the likelihood of relocation. Additionally, results suggest that in response to accelerated rotation (and an extended cooling-off period), partners would rather learn a new industry than relocate. Importantly, partners perceive audit quality suffers from retraining, but not from relocating. Thus these results suggest an indirect, negative impact, and unintended consequence, of accelerated rotation/extended cooling-off periods on audit quality.

Data Availability: The survey instrument is available upon request. Individual audit partner responses are confidential.
The Effects of Tacit Knowledge on Earnings Management Behavior in the Presence and Absence of Monitoring at Different Levels of Firm Performance
Authors: Rosman Andrew J. , Biggs Stanley F. , Hoskin Robert E.
Published: January 2012

Archival and behavioral research suggests that discretionary accruals are managed to increase bonuses when the risk of being discovered is lowest. While such strategic behavior has been suggested in past research, this study experimentally manipulates two important situational variables (monitoring of discretionary accruals and firm performance relative to a specific bonus range) to provide more direct evidence of such behavior. Further, we investigate whether knowledge of how to manage earnings strategically is learned tacitly over time through experience in a series of three studies. While more experienced participants in study 1 acted more strategically than less experienced participants, it is difficult to say that this is due to tacit knowledge rather than another variable that is related to experience in the same way as tacit knowledge. To further clarify this point, we performed study 2 to establish that novices do not behave strategically the way experienced participants do, and our results bear this out. To better understand what drives this result, we collected a third set of data on risk perceptions. The underlying argument for the use of this measure is that tacit knowledge about earnings management is actually knowledge about when the benefits to acting strategically will be greater than the potential risks. Again, results support our expectation in that more experienced participants appear to recognize the potential benefit of upward earnings management, but only in the no monitoring condition where the potential risk of getting caught is low.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Using a “Daily Motivational Quiz” to Increase Student Preparation, Attendance, and Participation
Authors: Braun Karen Wilken , Sellers R. Drew
Published: January 2012

Introductory accounting classes are predominately composed of freshman and sophomore nonaccounting majors, who may not be as motivated as upper-level accounting majors. As a result, instructors of introductory accounting courses are challenged in finding effective strategies to motivate these students to: (1) prepare for class, (2) arrive to class on time, and (3) participate in meaningful class discussions and activities. To address these issues, we give a short daily quiz at the beginning of each class. The quiz consists of three easy-to-grade conceptual questions that students should be able to answer, provided that they have read the assigned textbook pages. Empirical evidence suggests that the daily quiz has the desired motivational effect on student behavior with respect to preparation, punctual attendance, and participation. In addition, lower failure rates occurred in semesters that incorporated a daily quiz. Finally, use of the daily quiz had no adverse effect on course and instructor evaluations.
A Critical Analysis of the Pedagogical Approach Employed in an Introductory Course to IFRS
Authors: Coetzee Stephen A. , Schmulian Astrid
Published: January 2012

This paper, through case analysis employing analytical autoethnography, investigates the pedagogical approach employed in an introductory course to IFRS. This course is part of a professional accounting education program in South Africa. The analysis reflected the teacher-centered orientation of the pedagogy employed, despite warnings in the literature that such an approach may be inappropriate in educating future accounting professionals. The adopted approach has, however, contributed to the success of alumni in the professional accountancy examinations. Further, these graduates' technical proficiency ensures they are almost immediately productive in the real world. Whether these graduates have been provided with an adequate foundation for long-term career success is, however, debatable.
Physiotherapists' Perceptions of Their Role in the Rehabilitation Management of Individuals with Obesity
Authors: You Lila , Sadler Gabrielle , Majumdar Sujoy , Burnett Dawn , Evans Cathy
Published: January 2012

Purpose: To examine physiotherapists' perceptions of their role in the rehabilitation management of individuals with obesity. Methods: A Web-based survey was conducted in 2008. Participants were recruited through the Canadian Physiotherapy Association (CPA) via electronic communication and were eligible if they had entry level to practice qualifications and were residents of Canada. The online questionnaire consisted of 61 statements pertaining to potential PT roles, barriers, and learning needs, developed using the framework of CPA's position statement on obesity. Frequencies were computed for all Likert-scale response items on the questionnaire. Results: A total of 851 physiotherapists, representative of CPA membership, participated in the study. There was strong agreement that physiotherapists have a role to play in the management of clients who are obese through exercise interventions (96%), mobility training (97%), and cardiorespiratory programmes for impairments associated with obesity (95%). Respondents were less clear about their role in the assessment of body fat or patients' weight loss. Lack of client motivation was identified as a barrier to treatment. Conclusion: Physiotherapists were clear that they see their role as largely focused on exercise and education to treat conditions associated with obesity. These are important components but do not by themselves constitute an overall management plan.
American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention
Authors: Kushi Lawrence H. , Doyle Colleen , McCullough Marji , Rock Cheryl L. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Bandera Elisa V. , Gapstur Susan , Patel Alpa V. , Andrews Kimberly , Gansler Ted ,   The American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee
Published: January 2012

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. These Guidelines, published approximately every 5 years, are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and they reflect the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS Guidelines focus on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. The ACS Guidelines are consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes, as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Diabetes mellitus: A journey of insulin
Authors: Akhter Dewan Taslima , Nijhu Rajia Sultan
Published: January 2012

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic ailment that impairs the production of or response to insulin, a hormone that helps to convert food into energy. Its complications are responsible for excess morbidity and mortality, loss of independence and reduce quality of life. Among the major cause of disablement and early death are ischemic heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy. Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical management of diabetes mellitus for more than 85 years. As subcutaneous injection is a painful episode so various approaches like transdermal, pulmonary, intranasal, colon targeted delivery, oral delivery is tried as an alternative way. Among them oral delivery is the challenging one because insulin cannot administered orally due to rapid enzymatic digestion in stomach. For oral delivery various technology, formulation and various modification approaches are going on. It is high time to invent an acceptable non-invasive insulin delivery for the diabetes to improve patient compliance and decrease the morbidity.Key Words: Insulin; Approaches; Obstacles; Route of administration; Non-invasive.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i2.9447International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(2): 32-42
Development Of Statistical Techniques For The Forecasting Of Norwesters And Associated Maximum Gusty Wind And Rainfall Over Bangladesh
Authors: Karmakar Samarendra , Alam Md Mahbub
Published: January 2012

The forecasting techniques for the prediction of nor’westers and associated winds and rainfall have been developed. Four linear multiple regression equations for computation of maximum gusty wind speed associated with nor’westers have been developed. The computed values of maximum gusty wind speed have statistically significant correlation with the actual maximum gusty wind speed. The regression equations have been verified with data of year (2005) and will be useful for the operational meteorologists for the computations of maximum gusty wind speed associated with nor’westers. Simple linear regression equations and linear multiple regression equations have also been developed for the statistical prediction of 24 hrs rainfall over Dhaka, country-averaged 24 hrs rainfall over Bangladesh and 24 hrs maximum rainfall over Bangladesh due to nor’westers. The correlation co-efficient corresponding to these regression equations are statistically significant. These equations have also been verified with the data of year 2005. Key words: Statistical techniques; Forecasting; Nor'westers; BangladeshDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i2.9416 JBAS 2011; 35(2): 125-140