bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Muscle Recovery Following Free Functioning Gracilis Transfer, A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hou Yi , Yang Jiantao , Qin Bengang , Gu Liqiang , Zheng Jia
Published: September 2020

Background: Ultrasonic measurement has not been utilized to assess functional recovery of transplanted muscle. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of B-ultrasound measurement for evaluation of muscle recovery following free functioning gracilis transfer.Methods: From January 2009 to January 2014, 35 patients receiving free functioning gracilis transfer due to total brachial plexus injury were enrolled. B-ultrasound was utilized to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of transplanted gracilis muscle at rest and contraction state. The ratio of pre- to post-transplant CSA value at rest state was defined as muscle bulk ratio (MBR). The ratio of CSA value at the contraction state to that at rest state was defined as contraction ratio (CR). Results: Patients with muscle strength M≥4 had significantly higher CR1 (post-transplant), CR2 (pre-transplant), and range of motion (ROM, joint mobility) than those with muscle strength M＜4. The CR1>CR2 group had significantly higher CR1, muscle strength, and ROM than the CR1≤CR2 group. The MBR>1 group had significantly higher muscle strength than the MBR≤1 group. CR1 value was highly correlated with muscle strength and with ROM. CR2 value was moderately correlated with muscle strength and ROM. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that higher CR1/CR2 value was associated with higher muscle strength and higher joint mobility. The CR1>CR2 group had better muscle strength and ROM than the CR1≤CR2 groups.Conclusion: B-ultrasound measurement can quantitatively reflect muscle strength following gracilis transfer, and CR but not MBR value could be a potential indicator for functional recovery of the transplanted gracilis muscle.Level of Evidence: Prognostic studies, Level II.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies genetic variants in Chinese Han pregnant women with Venous thromboembolism-a case control study
Authors: Shen Yupei , Zhang Yan , Xiong Ying , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Baohua , Li Aihong , Zhang Zhaofeng , Du Jing , Che Yan
Published: September 2020

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common health problem, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence of VTE is higher in pregnant women than in those who are not pregnant. However, genetic factors for VTE in pregnant women are largely unknown.Methods: We performed a large-scale prospective cohort study of 65138 pregnancies. Pregnant patients with VTE and pregnant women without VTE were enrolled in the study and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. Functional and enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID online database. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Results: 5810 significant variants were associated with pregnant patients with VTE, including 4874 single nucleotide variants and 936 short deletions which were annotated in 3417 genes (P < 0.05). Fifty-six variants annotated in 46 genes (P < 0.001) and the top 3 variants, including rs2706258 (RNA LOC102724050, p = 1.25 × 10-6), rs17057520 (SCARA3, p = 4.64 × 10-5), and rs3739550 (CAAP1, p = 4.64 × 10-5), were identified. Fourteen low frequency variants had a minor allele frequency (MAF) of less than 1%. Logistic analysis revealed that rs7099478 (GRK5), rs8041208 (WDR72), rs17215792 (KLF7), rs13035688 (KLF7), rs6725221 (KLF7), and rs3214417 (KLF7) were associated with an increased risk of developing VTE (P < 0.05, OR > 1). In addition, combined pathway and PPI analyses revealed that CDC7 and MCM6 involved with DNA replication were associated with VTE in pregnant individuals.Conclusion: The study identified a series of variants and genes that may contribute to VTE in the Chinese pregnant population. Several genes may be risk factors for VTE including KLF7, GRK5, and WDR72. CDC7 and MCM6 may be related to the potential functions of VTE in pregnant women. Notably, the KLF7 gene had 4 genetic variants that were found to be associated with lipid metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, further validation is required to reveal the KLF7 mechanism in pregnant women with VTE.
Risk factors and population attributable risk percent for lactation mastitis in Chinese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lai Baoyong , Yu Bo-Wen , Chu Ai-Jing , Liang Shi-Bing , Jia Li-Yan , Liu Jian-Ping , Fan Ying-Yi , Pei Xiao-Hua
Published: September 2020

Background: Lactation mastitis (LM) is one of the most common breast disorders experienced by postpartum women, affecting approximately 3% to 20% breastfeeding mothers. Although a few researches have studied the risk factors related to LM, there are still some inconsistent problems on this topic and nationally representative evidence is scarce. This study was aimed to determine the well-accepted risk factors for LM in Chinese women. Methods: Six electronic literature databases were searched from their inception to June 1st, 2020. We used RevMan5.3 and Stata14.0 for data analysis. The strength of the association was summarized using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The population attributable risk (PAR) percent was calculated for significant risk factors. The fail-safe number (Nfs) was used to estimate publication bias and robustness of the current results. Results: Twelve studies involving 6539 participants were included. A total of 18 potential risk factors were eventually evaluated. Significant risk factors for LM included improper breastfeeding posture (OR 2.47, 95%CI 2.09-2.92; PAR 26.51%), improper milking method (OR 6.79, 95%CI 3.45-13.34; PAR 59.14%), repeated milk stasis (OR 6.08, 95%CI 3.75-9.88; PAR 37.42%), little or no cleaning of nipples (OR 2.38, 95%CI 1.88-3.03; PAR 31.28%), abnormal nipple or crater nipple (OR 2.94, 95%CI 1.76-4.91; PAR 33.99%), primipara (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.26-2.90; PAR 39.06%), history of breast trauma (OR 3.57, 95%CI 2.86-4.46; PAR 13.36%), experience of cesarean section (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.32-2.38; PAR 28.34%), low educational level (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.04-3.28, PAR 23.67%), breast massage experience of non-medical personnel (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.36-2.65, PAR 20.89%), postpartum within 6 months (OR 5.11, 95%CI 2.66-9.82; PAR 65.93%), prone sleeping position (OR 2.53, 95%CI1.51-4.22; PAR 22.72%) and postpartum rest time less than 3 months (OR 4.71, 95%CI 3.92-5.65; PAR 56.95%). There seemed to be good robustness of the pooled results for most of the included risk factors.Conclusion: This study found several important risk factors of LM in Chinese women. In particular, the incidence of LM can be reduced by controlling several modifiable factors such as breastfeeding posture, milking method, milk stasis situation and nipple cleaning condition, etc.
pH-Dependent Electrochemically Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction Behaviors of o-Substituted Co (III) Corroles Research Data.pdf
Authors: Tang Wei , Qiu Yunyuan , Li Xiaonan , Soy Rodah C. , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello , Liang X
Published: September 2020

Supporting Information for article.

Earth-abundant first row transition metal corrole
complexes have played an important role in fundamental research due to their
unique molecular structures and attractive properties. In comparison to
porphyrins, corroles have three inner N-H protons and are ring-contracted with
a smaller macrocyclic cavity. First row transition metal corroles have been
widely used as effective electrochemical catalysts for small molecule
activations, such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction/evolution and CO2
reduction reactions (HERs, ORRs/OERs and CO2 RRs) through homogenous and/or
heterogenous prodecures. Several strategies have been used to modulate the
catalytic efficiency of synthetic metallocorroles.
The importance of deep phenotyping PH registries with a focus on the PVRI-GoDeep registry
Authors: Corris Paul A
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Although pulmonary hypertension has long been recognised to complicate many common diseases, especially left-sided heart disease and lung disease, most basic, translational and clinical scientists together with the pharmaceutical industry have,to date, focused predominantly on pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension when developing effective treatments . Both entities are rare, leading to the erroneous belief that pulmonary hypertension in general is a rare condition, and not worthy of major global focus.
Risk stratification in PAH
Authors: Corris Paul A
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by progressive narrowing of the pulmonary arteries leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure, and ultimately premature death.There has been a significant improvement in the available medical therapeutic options in this field that have impacted the short-term survival and morbidity in these patients. However, the median survival post-diagnosis remains unacceptable at 7 years.Physicians’ ability to predict PAH disease progression and risk allows them to determine the patient’s prognosis, make informed adjustments to therapy, and monitor his or her response to therapy . If widely adopted, risk prediction can enhance the consistency of treatment approaches and improve the timeliness of referral for lung transplantation. This approach should lead optimal, directed care that ultimately reduces morbidity and improves mortality in patients with PAH.
Toxicity of apple juice and its components in the model plant system
Authors: Samoylov Artem , Suraeva Natal’ya , Zaytseva Mariya , Rachkova Vera , Kurbanova Madinat , Belozerov Georgy
Published: September 2020

Introduction. In view of the ongoing research into the negative effects of fruit juice on human health, we aimed to study the subchronic toxicity of apple juice, a model mixture based on its components, and ethanol on biomass growth, cellular oxidative enzymes, and chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa roots.

Study objects and methods. Our objects of study included clarified apple juice and its components such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, D-sorbitol, and malic acid. After treating Allium cepa roots with apple juice and a model mixture in different concentrations, we analyzed their toxic effects on biomass growth, malondialdehyde levels, as well as the nature and frequency of proliferative and cytogenetic disorders in the plant tissues.

Results and discussion. The incubation in an aqueous solution of apple juice at a concentration of 1:5 inhibited the growth in root mass by 50% compared to the control (water). The mitotic index of cells decreased with higher concentrations of juice, reaching zero at a 1:5 dilution. The fructose and model solutions in the same concentrations appeared less toxic in relation to cell mitosis and root mass growth. Although malondialdehyde levels increased in the onion roots treated with juice and model solutions, they were twice as low as in the control due to the juice’s antioxidant activity. Adding 1% ethanol to the 1:2 diluted juice abolished the effect of acute toxicity on root growth and reduced malondialdehyde levels by 30%.

Conclusion. The study revealed a complex of interdependent biomarkers of apple juice responsible for its subchronic toxicity in Allium cepa roots. These data can be used to create biological response models based on the approaches of systems biology and bioinformatics.
Instant tea from Condonopsis javanica L. root extract via spray drying
Authors: Nhan Nguyen Phu Thuong , Vu Nguyen Duong , Thanh Le Van , Phuong Than Thi Minh , Bach Long Giang , Toan Tran Quoc
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Codonopsis javanica L. root is a gingsen-like medicinal material with valuable bioactive compounds and alkaloids in its composition. However, the diversification of commercial products from Codonopsis javanica root extract is limited and poorly represented on the market. This study presents a new production process of an instant tea product from Codonopsis javanica root extract, which involved spray drying with maltodextrin as a drying additive.

Study objects and methods. The research featured different process parameters including a drying additive concentration, a drying temperature, and a feed flow rate. Moisture content and drying yield were selected as the main outcomes.

Results and discussion. In general, the improved drying yield was associated with an increased drying additive concentration, a lower drying temperature, and a higher feed flow rate. The best drying yield (78.35%) was obtained at the drying additive concentration of 30% (w/w), the drying temperature of 140°C, and the feed flow rate of 300 mL/h. The total saponin content in the product was 0.29% (w/w), and the ABTS free radical scavenging ability reached 59.48 μgAA/g. The obtained powder was spherical and exhibited fairly uniform particle morphology with shriveled and concave outer surface.

Conclusion. The research results justified the use of Codonopsis javanica as an ingredient in beverage industry and suggested maltodextrin as an appropriate substrate for spray-drying natural extracts.
An investigation of the possible scenarios for the optimal locating of quality sensors in the water distribution networks with uncertain contamination
Authors: Jafari Hamideh , Rajaee Taher , Nazif Sara
Published: September 2020

One of the ways to reduce the risk of contaminated water consumption is to optimally locate the quality sensors. These sensors warn users in the case of contamination detection. Analyzing the actual conditions of the contamination which enters the network is faced with many uncertainties. These uncertainties include the dose of contamination, time and location of its entry which have received less attention. Also, the uncertainty in the nodes' water demand causes changes in the distribution and contamination diffusion within the network. The main impetus of the present study is to determine the optimal quality sensor locations in the water distribution network in order to reduce the damage caused by contaminated water consumption prior to the contamination event detection. For this purpose, a parameter is defined as the maximum possible damage for calculating which the vulnerability and importance of the nodes have been considered in addition to the uncertainties in the location and time of the contamination entry. The importance of each node differs from that of other ones. Ranking the importance of the nodes is influenced by both land use and covered population ratio. In this study, six scenarios are defined for the contamination event in the water distribution network. These scenarios consider the effects of varying pollutant dose and the contamination input from nodes which are prone to its entry. Also, the NSGA-II has been utilized in order to minimize the damage with minimum number of sensors. The proposed model is evaluated on a real network in Iran. The results indicate that adding only one or two contamination warning sensors to the proposed locations can lead to the decreasing damage caused by the contaminated water consumption from 54 to 82%. According to the proposed method, the best answer for scenarios 1–6 was obtained for 7, 6, 6, 2, 2 and 2 sensors, respectively. The results showed that the slope of the pollution rate diagram does not change much from 6 sensors upwards in the first three scenarios, and from 4 sensors upwards in the second three scenarios. In scenarios 1–3, with 7, 6 and 6 sensors, respectively, in different nodes, the best placement is for 203–224 equivalent attack population, and in scenarios 4–6, with sensors in nodes 4 and 43, the best placement is for 225–279 equivalent attack population.
Two-level games on the trans-boundary river Indus: obstacles to cooperation
Authors: Rigi Hanifeh , Warner Jeroen F.
Published: September 2020

This synthesis paper explores the reasons hindering water cooperation between India and Pakistan on the Indus River Basin. It argues that both domestic and international-level elements narrow the size of the ‘win-sets’ which make water cooperation between the two states highly challenging. Not only state actors but also the domestic actors in both India and Pakistan have repeatedly played ‘water games’. Further, due to long-standing geopolitical and territorial conflicts between India and Pakistan, the strategies pursued so far by these states including ‘securitization’, ‘issue-linkage’ and ‘alliance strategies’ as leverage mechanisms, have also contributed to the lack of cooperation in their water realm.
Application of composite degradable modified starch-based flocculant on dewatering and recycling properties
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Jia Shouhao , Xu Liming , Zhu Feifei , Ren Shan , Liu Yuanfeng , Sun Ziqi
Published: September 2020

Sludge dewatering is an important step for wastewater treatment. Composite degradable flocculant (CDF) was prepared by cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) grafting onto modified starch with a novel initiator, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The microstructure of flocculated sludge was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The study investigated the properties of CDF compared to PAM, which showed that the prepared CDF exhibited a highly effective flocculation on sludge dewatering, a higher transmittance and chemical oxygen demand removal rate, and a lower value of effluent ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. The fermentation process was also analyzed by testing the performance of dewatered sludge (temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, E4/E6 (humic acid absorbance at 465 nm (E4) and 665 nm (E6))). The dehydrated sludge with CDF could be easily compressed into cakes by belt-filter for easy transportation and storage. With the continuous addition of CDF and PAM, the corresponding index of capillary suction time (CST) increased. Moreover, the total value of CST with CDF was low, showing a good dewaterability. In addition, the sludge index of pumping time and moisture content with CDF were low in contrast with PAM. Fermentation experiments demonstrated that sludge with CDF had a comparatively high temperature and low value of E4/E6. Such novel CDF shows enormous potential in wastewater treatment and sludge fermentation.
Treatment of Zn2+ in wastewater by sinusoidal alternating current coagulation: response surface methodology and removal mechanism
Authors: Zhou Yihui , Xu Tao , Ou Jinhua , Zou Gege , Lei Xiping , Hu Bonian , Yu Gang
Published: September 2020

A novel sinusoidal alternating current coagulation (SACC) technique was used to remove the Zn2+ from wastewater in the present study. The response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of current density, time, initial pH and initial Zn2+ concentration in order to obtain the optimum removal efficiency and to lower energy consumption. The results show that SACC with a current density of 0.31 A·m−2 applied to treat wastewater containing 120 mg·dm−3 Zn2+ at pH = 9 for 21.3 min can achieve a removal efficiency of Zn2+ of 98.80%, and the energy consumption is 1.147 kWh·m−3. The main component of flocs produced in SACC process is Fe5O7OH·4H2O (HFO). Large specific surface area and good adsorption performance of HFO are demonstrated. There is strong interaction between Zn2+ and HFO. Zn2+ is adsorbed and trapped by HFO and then co-precipitated. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetics model explained the Zn2+ adsorption behavior well. The Zn2+ adsorption on HFO is an endothermic and spontaneous process.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO HIDROQUÍMICA DE AQUÍFERO ALUVIAL PARA USO AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Silveira Renata Nayara Câmara Miranda , Cavalcante Itabaraci Nazareno , Peixoto Filipe da Silva , Pinheiro Antônio Flávio Costa
Published: September 2020

Devido à marcante irregularidade climática do semiárido brasileiro, os aquíferos aluvionares tem permitido a irrigação de vales, exercendo sua importância socioeconômica para estados do semiárido brasileiro. Contudo, estudos hidroquímicos são essenciais para diminuir os riscos de salinidade dos solos irrigados. O presente trabalho buscou caracterizar a hidroquímica de um trecho do Aquífero Aluvionar do rio Curu – Ceará, e identificar suas limitações para irrigação. Para isso foram coletadas, em duas campanhas de campo, amostras para parametrização fisicoquímica da água subterrânea. A amostragem se deu em 10 poços durante o período chuvoso, agosto de 2017, e no período seco, novembro de 2017 e foram descritas por meio de diagrama de Piper e diagrama de risco de sodicidade de Richards. Os resultados mostraram que as águas possuem classes variadas, no período chuvoso e no seco, houve uma predominância de águas de classe mista e cloretadas.  Quanto ao risco de sodicidade, as águas apresentaram alto teor salino, que oferecem risco à salinização dos solos, no entanto, com um bom manejo da irrigação é possível utilizar a água, controlando os fatores de infiltração e drenagem. O estudo contribuiu para um melhor conhecimento hidroquímico das aluviões, e uso agrícola desse reservatório estratégico para as regiões semiáridas.
ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL EM ÁREAS DE NASCENTE NA ZONA URBANA DE IGUATEMI (MS)
Authors: Gris Darlene , Figueiredo Helen Rezende de , Paranhos Filho Antonio Conceição
Published: September 2020

Áreas úmidas são ecossistemas muito importantes para preservação da água e da vida, fornecendo diversos serviços ecossistêmicos. São ambientes frequentemente associados a áreas de nascentes, com espécies e outras características bastante particulares. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar as áreas úmidas na região urbana de Iguatemi (MS) quanto aos tipos de nascentes e as alterações sofridas pelas ações antrópicas durante o período de 1985 e 2017. Para tanto, foram realizadas técnicas de delimitação de bacia hidrográfica utilizando imagens de radar SRTM, bem como uma análise multitemporal a partir da fotointerpretação da refletância das bandas espectrais. Para as análises foram utilizadas imagens disponibilizadas gratuitamente, bem como softwares livres e gratuitos. Foi possível confirmar que as nascentes presentes na área são do tipo perene, ou seja, nunca secam. Além disso, as análises multitemporais permitiram identificar alterações no uso da área e consequentemente na preservação da área úmida, com mudanças geradas principalmente pelo plantio comercial de eucalipto. Considerando a importância econômica, social e ecológica das áreas úmidas, sugere-se a conservação dessa área.
THE MAIN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: Volkov R. G.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with analysis of the main approaches to assessing non-tariff measures of government foreign trade regulation on foreign trade indicators. The article lists the factors which make it difficult to solve the problem: diversity of non-tariff measures, their using not only at the border but also within the country, effect uncertainty and frequent lack of quantification of such measures. It is also noted that non-tariff measures effects are usually determined by assessing changes in volumes and terms of trade with various methods. The frequency analysis method defines the coverage of imported goods by non-tariff measures as a share in the volume of imports or in the number of commodity items. The price gap assessment method defines the changes in the in-country prices under the influence of non-tariff measures. Survey method allows to obtain various estimates of these measures effects from business, index analysis method – to calculate index assessments of non-tariff measures effects, including based on survey data. Econometric method estimates the qualitative effects of non-tariff measures, including changes in the volume of exports or imports. The article considers each of these methods with the highlighting of their advantages and disadvantages.
Czym jest edukacja biologiczna w wychowaniu człowieka?
Authors: Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona
Published: September 2020

Schools allow to develop and extend the approaches and attitudes in the social, moral, ideological, and religious spheres. The realization of these matters is possible due to the fulfillment of three basic school functions, i.e. didactic, educational, and protective. No one should forget that human education starts already in the period of childhood. Initially, parents introduce the children to the indispensable problems and matters in their future lives. It takes place in the form of games. They satisfy their growing need of gaining the knowledge, by answering numerous questions. They develop the knowledge through practical activities to let them gain experience, that is, organize walks, educational games, and so forth. Then young people begin school education, which influences, to a large degree, their lives. Then, in the educational process, the subject of Biology appears, almost certainly already known thanks to the parents’ education. The scientific discipline called Biology is a very important element in the education of people, which is helpful in understanding their own personalities and the surrounding reality. The wide range of biological contents as well as the short reflection on the subject of gaining the knowledge in the range of Biology allows us to notice, that this discipline, similarly to other disciplines shapes the personality of young, growing up people. All things considered, however, it differs from disciplines such as history, or mathematics, because it is closely and directly related to the human being and functioning, as the basis of human life. Biology, more considerably and effectively, than different disciplines, makes the students sensible towards human needs as well as the needs of nature and its protection.
Электрические контакты к структурам на основе InP с подконтактным слоем к p-InP, легированным Zn
Authors: Эполетов В.С. , Маричев А.Е. , Пушный Б.В. , Салий Р.А.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of using sub-contact layers with a band gap from 0.35 to 0.8 eV to obtain low-resistance electrical contacts to p-InP. An experimental dependence of the contact resistance on the band gap of the sub-contact material In(x)Ga(1-x)As is obtained.
Замедляющая система меандрового типа на диэлектрической подложке для лампы бегущей волны миллиметрового диапазона
Authors: Торгашов Р.А.
Published: September 2020

А novel planar microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure (SWS) on dielectric substrate for a miniature low-voltage millimeter-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) with a high-aspect-ratio sheet electron beam is proposed. Main electromagnetic parameters of the SWS were studied. Using of such a slow-wave structure may lead to increase of the gain and output power of the TWT-amplifier
Accuracy of Mobile Device–Compatible 3D Scanners for Facial Digitization: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mai Hang-Nga , Lee Du-Hyeong
Published: September 2020

Background

The accurate assessment and acquisition of facial anatomical information significantly contributes to enhancing the reliability of treatments in dental and medical fields, and has applications in fields such as craniomaxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics, orthopedics, and forensic medicine. Mobile device–compatible 3D facial scanners have been reported to be an effective tool for clinical use, but the accuracy of digital facial impressions obtained with the scanners has not been explored.

Objective

We aimed to review comparisons of the accuracy of mobile device–compatible face scanners for facial digitization with that of systems for professional 3D facial scanning.

Methods

Individual search strategies were employed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases to search for articles published up to May 27, 2020. Peer-reviewed journal articles evaluating the accuracy of 3D facial models generated by mobile device–compatible face scanners were included. Cohen d effect size estimates and confidence intervals of standardized mean difference (SMD) data sets were used for meta-analysis.

Results

By automatic database searching, 3942 articles were identified, of which 11 articles were considered eligible for narrative review, with 6 studies included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the accuracy of face models obtained using mobile device–compatible face scanners was significantly lower than that of face models obtained using professional 3D facial scanners (SMD 3.96 mm, 95% CI 2.81-5.10 mm; z=6.78; P<.001). The difference between face scanning when performed on inanimate facial models was significantly higher (SMD 10.53 mm, 95% CI 6.29-14.77 mm) than that when performed on living participants (SMD 2.58 mm, 95% CI 1.70-3.47 mm, P<.001, df=12.94).

Conclusions

Overall, mobile device–compatible face scanners did not perform as well as professional scanning systems in 3D facial acquisition, but the deviations were within the clinically acceptable range of <1.5 mm. Significant differences between results when 3D facial scans were performed on inanimate facial objects and when performed on the faces of living participants were found; thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting results from studies conducted on inanimate objects.
Tablet-Based Apps for Phonics and Phonological Awareness: Protocol for Evidence-Based Appraisal of Content, Quality, and Usability (Preprint)
Authors: Furlong Lisa , Serry Tanya , Erickson Shane , Morris Meg E
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile apps to manage and promote health is becoming increasingly popular. Mobile apps are gaining popularity particularly in educational and interventional settings owing to their perceived advantages including support for and engagement of individuals with reading difficulties. In the context of COVID-19, the need for technology-based tools has increased. For practitioners and educators who wish to use apps in their practice or recommend apps to individuals with reading difficulties, it is challenging to identify high-quality apps in app stores.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol describes a systematic search, selection, and appraisal process for tablet apps targeting phonics knowledge and phonological awareness skills. This protocol aimed to (1) provide a systematic method for identifying tablet apps targeting phonics knowledge and phonological awareness skills in the Google Play Store and Apple’s App Store and (2) describe an evidence-based approach for quality appraisal of these apps by using structured tools.

METHODS

This protocol describes an evidence-based method guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to systematically search, select, and appraise apps targeting phonics knowledge and phonological awareness skills, present in Google Play and the App Store. We intend to perform a systematic and comprehensive search and a 2-step process for screening: (1) broad screening (app titles) and (2) narrow screening (marketing descriptions). Quality appraisal of the included apps will involve two structured appraisal tools: (1) the Mobile Application Rating Scale and (2) the Appraising Apps for Reading Checklist.

RESULTS

This method will help determine the number of apps targeting phonics knowledge and phonological awareness, present on the Android and iOS platforms. The content, quality, and usability of these apps will be determined using structured appraisal tools. We have planned to conduct searches on Google Play and the App Store in January-March 2021; broad and focused screening, from April 2021; and data extraction and quality appraisal in October 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol provides a basis for locating and evaluating apps targeting phonics knowledge and phonological awareness skills. This protocol will support practitioners, educators, and families to make informed decisions when purchasing apps for instructional use.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/23921
Peer Review of “No Time to Waste: Real-World Repurposing of Generic Drugs as a Multifaceted Strategy Against COVID-19” (Preprint)
Authors: Hamed Ahmed Abdeen
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review submitted for MS#19583
Peer Review of “No Time to Waste: Real-World Repurposing of Generic Drugs as a Multifaceted Strategy Against COVID-19” (Preprint)
Authors: Howlett Susan
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Peer review report to accompany MS#19583
Patient-Centered Care: Transforming the Health Care System in Vietnam With Support of Digital Health Technology (Preprint)
Authors: Dang Thu Ha , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Hoang Van Minh , Santin Olinda , Tran Oanh Mai Thi , Schofield Penelope
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Over the recent decades, Vietnam has attained remarkable achievements in all areas of health care. However, shortcomings including health disparities persist particularly with a rapidly aging population. This has resulted in a shift in the disease burden from communicable to noncommunicable diseases such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes. These medical conditions require long-term care, which causes an accelerating crisis for the health sector and society. The current health care system in Vietnam is unlikely to cope with these challenges.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to explore the opportunities, challenges, and necessary conditions for Vietnam in transforming toward a patient-centered care model to produce better health for people and reduce health care costs.

METHODS

We examine the applicability of a personalized and integrated Bespoke Health Care System (BHS) for Vietnam using a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis and examining the successes or failures of digital health care innovations in Vietnam. We then make suggestions for successful adoption of the BHS model in Vietnam.

RESULTS

The BHS model of patient-centered care empowers patients to become active participants in their own health care. Vietnam’s current policy, social, technological, and economic environment favors the transition of its health care system toward the BHS model. Nevertheless, the country is in an early stage of health care digitalization. The legal and regulatory system to protect patient privacy and information security is still lacking. The readiness to implement electronic medical records, a core element of the BHS, varies across health providers and clinical practices. The scarcity of empirical evidence and evaluation regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of digital health initiatives is an obstacle to the Vietnamese government in policymaking, development, and implementation of health care digitalization.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing a personalized and integrated health care system may help Vietnam to address health care needs, reduce pressure on the health care system and society, improve health care delivery, and promote health equity. However, in order to adopt the patient-centered care system and digitalized health care, a whole-system approach in transformation and operation with a co-design in the whole span of a digital health initiative developing process are necessary.
Framework for the Design Engineering and Clinical Implementation and Evaluation of mHealth Apps for Sleep Disturbance: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Aji Melissa , Gordon Christopher , Stratton Elizabeth , Calvo Rafael A , Bartlett Delwyn , Grunstein Ronald , Glozier Nick
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) apps offer a scalable option for treating sleep disturbances at a population level. However, there is a lack of clarity about the development and evaluation of evidence-based mHealth apps.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to provide evidence for the design engineering and clinical implementation and evaluation of mHealth apps for sleep disturbance.

METHODS

A systematic search of studies published from the inception of databases through February 2020 was conducted using 5 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL).

RESULTS

A total of 6015 papers were identified using the search strategy. After screening, 15 papers were identified that examined the design engineering and clinical implementation and evaluation of 8 different mHealth apps for sleep disturbance. Most of these apps delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I, n=4) or modified CBT-I (n=2). Half of the apps (n=4) identified adopting user-centered design or multidisciplinary teams in their design approach. Only 3 papers described user and data privacy. End-user acceptability and engagement were the most frequently assessed implementation metrics. Only 1 app had available evidence assessing all 4 implementation metrics (ie, acceptability, engagement, usability, and adherence). Most apps were prototype versions (n=5), with few matured apps. A total of 6 apps had supporting papers that provided a quantitative evaluation of clinical outcomes, but only 1 app had a supporting, adequately powered randomized controlled trial.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first systematic review to synthesize and examine evidence for the design engineering and clinical implementation and evaluation of mHealth apps for sleep disturbance. The minimal number of apps with published evidence for design engineering and clinical implementation and evaluation contrasts starkly with the number of commercial sleep apps available. Moreover, there appears to be no standardization and consistency in the use of best practice design approaches and implementation assessments, along with very few rigorous efficacy evaluations. To facilitate the development of successful and evidence-based apps for sleep disturbance, we developed a high-level framework to guide researchers and app developers in the end-to-end process of app development and evaluation.

CLINICALTRIAL
ADAPTABILITAS PENORMAAN FIKIH WAKAF KE DALAM LEGISLASI NASIONAL
Authors: Harahab Yulkarnain
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research conducted with the aim to find out and analyze the adaptation of the formulation of fiqh waqf in national legislation, knowing, and analyzing the principles that can be drawn from the formalization of fiqh waqf into national legislation. This research is a normative juridical research that is descriptive in nature. Data collection carry out by studying documents of primary and secondary legal materials. The collected data is then analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research conducted, the following conclusions are obtained: first, the adaptability of the waqf regulation in the national legislation was shown by several things, first: the elements of waqf (waqif, nazhir, endowment property, endowment pledge, endowment allotment, and time period) waqf), management and development of waqf property, registration and reporting of waqf property, also changes in the designation and status of waqf property; second, the principles that can be drawn from the regulation of fiqh waqf into national legislation: the principle of benefit, the principle of legal certainty, the principle of professionalism, and the principle of accountability.IntisariPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan, pertama, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis adaptabilitas penormaan fikih wakaf ke dalam legislasi nasional; kedua, mengetahui dan menganalisis prinsip-prinsip yang dapat ditarik dari penormaan fikih wakaf ke dalam legislasi nasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen terhadap bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: pertama, adaptabilitas pengaturan fikih wakaf ke dalam legislasi nasional ditunjukkan dalam beberapa hal, yaitu: unsur-unsur wakaf (wakif, nazhir, harta benda wakaf, ikrar wakaf, peruntukan wakaf, dan jangka waktu wakaf), pengelolaan dan pengembangan harta benda wakaf, pendaftaran dan pelaporan harta benda wakaf, serta perubahan peruntukan dan status harta benda wakaf; kedua, prinsip-prinsip yang dapat ditarik dari pengaturan fikih wakaf ke dalam legislasi nasional, yakni: prinsip kemaslahatan, prinsip kepastian hukum, prinsip profesionalitas, dan prinsip akuntabilitas.
PENERAPAN TEORI DISKURSUS HABERMAS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA
Authors: Harnowo Tri
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to Habermas's discourse theory, communicative actions justified through validity claim can build a common understanding and social collaboration. Mediation is one form of dispute resolution through a negotiation process to obtain a mutual agreement facilitated by a neutral third party oriented to common interests by maintaining good relations between the parties in the future. Communication techniques such as listening actively, asking questions, and reframing statements are important skills that mediators must possess. This conceptual paper analyzes the interaction between Habermas's discourse theory and the concept of mediation. Habermas's discourse theory can be a basic framework of analysis for mediators to predict the creation of consensus, identify statements based on validity claims, and search for common understanding options. IntisariMenurut teori diskursus Habermas, tindakan komunikatif yang dijustifikasi melalui klaim kesahihan dapat membangun suatu pemahaman bersama dan kerjasama sosial.  Mediasi merupakan salah satu bentuk penyelesaian sengketa melalui proses perundingan untuk memperoleh kesepakatan bersama difasilitasi oleh pihak ketiga netral yang berorientasi pada kepentingan bersama dengan menjaga hubungan baik para pihak di masa mendatang. Teknik komunikasi seperti mendengar aktif, bertanya, dan membingkai ulang pernyataan merupakan keahlian penting yang harus dimiliki oleh mediator. Artikel ini menganalisis interaksi antara teori diskursus Habermas dan penerapannya dalam teknik mediasi. Teori diskursus Habermas dapat menjadi kerangka dasar analisis bagi mediator untuk memprediksi terciptanya konsensus, mengidentifikasi pernyataan-pernyataan berdasarkan klaim kesahihan dan mencari opsi-opsi kesepakatan bersama.
TANGGUNG JAWAB JABATAN DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB PRIBADI DALAM PENGGUNAAN DISKRESI SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PELAYANAN PUBLIK (PUBLIC SERVICE)
Authors: Setiawan Adam , Asyikin Nehru
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiscretion is part of the authority to act freely by government officials to ensure the implementation of public services. The instrument of discretion is attached to the functionary and used to overcome problems where there is no law. But sometimes the use of discretion causes harm to the community, so it is important to know the form of official responsibility whether it is functionary responsibility or personal responsibility. Government officials who use discretion, as long as the action is carried out within the formal environment of their authority or carried out in the context of exercising office authority, all consequences that arise will be the responsibility of the functionary. While personal responsibility is related to maladministration in the use of authority and public service.IntisariDiskresi merupakan bagian dari kewenangan bertindak bebas oleh pejabat pemerintah untuk menjamin terlaksananya pelayanan publik. Instrumen diskresi melekat pada jabatan dan dipergunakan untuk mengatasi persoalan yang tidak ada hukumnya. Namun terkadang penggunaan diskresi menyebabkan kerugian bagi masyarakat sehingga penting mengetahui bentuk tanggung jawab pejabat apakah itu tanggung jawab jabatan atau tanggung jawab pribadi. Pejabat pemerintah yang menggunakan diskresi, selama tindakan itu dilakukan dalam lingkungan formil wewenangnya atau dilakukan dalam rangka melaksanakan kewenangan jabatan, semua konsekuensi yang timbul akan jadi tanggung jawab jabatan. Sedangkan tanggung jawab pribadi berkaitan dengan maladministrasi dalam penggunaan wewenang maupun public service.
Who Marries Whom on Silver Screen? Religion and Social Class in Marriage Patterns in Contemporary Indonesian Films
Authors: Choiron Nabhan F , Eliyanah Evi
Published: September 2020

Popular culture, where cinema is part, is an important site where ideas of acceptable and unacceptable marriage pairing is confirmed and/or contested. In any cinema tradition, including Indonesian, romance films offer a rich site to investigate broader societal ideals around who should or should not marry whom. In this article, we report our study on conjugal pairing patterns in Indonesian blockbuster films produced and released between 2008 and 2018. We investigate how protagonists in the films decide whom they marry; this question then led us to critically examine the extent to which religion and social class shape marriage decisions. The findings show that marriage pairing patterns on Indonesian silver screen during the period are largely assortative; the characters in the selected films tend to marry people adhering to the same religion and belonging to the same social class as themselves. The increasingly visible trend of religious endogamy and the sustained trend of class homogamy are inseparable from the heightened Islamization in the post authoritarian era, the improving economic outlook at the macro and micro levels in the post Asian financial crisis, as well as the promotion of gender equality during the period.
Pemuda, Perkawinan, dan Perubahan Sosial di Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Ariane , Sutopo Oki Rahadianto
Published: September 2020

An examination into the changing patterns, meaning, norms, and discourses around marriage - in the context of transition to adulthood - offers a unique window to disentangle the complex processes of social change in post -Reformasi Indonesia. Among the many dimensions of social change affecting changing patterns of marriage and transition to adulthood include: globalization; demographic transition; trends in population mobility concerning migration and urbanization; economic uncertainties and inequality; and a series of contestation on norms around marriage and the family which has shadowed the political landscape post-Reformasi. How does such a complex process of social change shape the changing patterns and narratives on marriage? In particular, how do young people navigate the changing marriage patterns in the context of such complex, rapid, and massive social change? These two questions are pivotal to the current special issue in Jurnal Studi Pemuda. To provide context and highlights the contributions of the papers in this issue, this article reviews several dimensions and indicators of marriage and family change in Indonesia, and outlines their relation to the broader contexts of transition to adulthood and social change in the last two decades following Reformasi.
La restricción en el tiempo de acceso al alimento en pollo de engorda para reducir la mortalidad causada por el síndrome ascítico
Authors: Arce Menocal José , López Coello Carlos , Ávila González Ernesto , Tirado Almendra J. Francisco
Published: September 2020

Artículo originalmente publicado en:Arce Menocal J, López Coello C, Ávila González E, Tirado Almendra JF. La restricción en el tiempo de acceso al alimento en pollo de engorda para reducir la mortalidad causada por el síndrome ascítico. Veterinaria México. 1995;26(3):225–9.- - -

Se realizó un experimento con pollo de engorda de 1 a 56 días de edad; se tuvo como propósito investigar diferentes sistemas de restricción en el tiempo de acceso al alimento sobre la mortalidad causada por el síndrome ascítico. La limitación prolongada, a partir de los 8 a los 56 días de edad con 8 horas diarias de acceso al alimento, redujo en 11.2% el peso final de los animales. Los mejores resultados (7% de menor crecimiento) respecto del testigo se obtuvieron con el mismo procedimiento a partir del día 8 al 42. La reproducción del crecimiento en el pollo de engorda a través de la res­tricción de alimento redujo en 88% la mortalidad por el síndrome ascítico.