bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inquiry-Based Education: Innovation in Participatory Inquiry Paradigm
Authors: Ruzaman Nazirah Kamal , Rosli D’oria Islamiah
Published: June 2020

Inquiry-based learning is fundamental for the development of higher order thinking skills that guides learners to inquire meaningful questions that led to relevant answers, therefore awaken learners’ curiosity and wonder. Re-cent ameliorations in technology have captivated the enthusiasm of both educators and researchers to develop inquiry-based classroom activities that emphasize the application of educational technology in the domain of school science education. Thus, we have designed a learning application “AIBASE”, which assists primary school students in generating hypotheses during Science experiments. The instructional framework was used to scru-tinize the effectiveness of using “AIBASE” in aiding the learning process. The results implied improvements in students’ performance level. In addi-tion, this paper also highlights the main criteria for inquiry-based learning.
An Evaluation and Examination of Quiz Tool within Open-Source Learning Management Systems
Authors: Obeidallah Randa , Shdaifat Aayat
Published: June 2020

Most open-source learning management systems are equipped with a quiz tool, which plays an important role in measuring and evaluating the achievements of a student in a particular e-course. Currently, numerous open-source LMSs are available in the market. In this study, some analysis and comparisons were made between the most used open-source LMSs, including Moodle, ATutor, Eliademy, Sakai, Dokeos, ILIAS, OpenOLAT and Opigno. The study is mainly based on the functionality of the quiz tool that is available within the selected LMSs. This paper study and evaluate the availability of certain features that are divided into sub-categories: questions, result/feedback and quiz setting features.
Prototyping Text Mining and Network Analysis Tools to Support Netnographic Student Projects
Authors: Musabirov Ilya , Bulygin Denis
Published: June 2020

Social science is witnessing tremendous growth of data available on the Internet regarding social phenomena; however, social science students are typically not prepared for managing the challenges and opportunities of analysing online data. One of the areas where this growth is especially important is in social studies of consumption. This article discusses a prototype of a visualisation tool intended to support the learning of netnographic analysis with computational tools.
An Evaluation of the “PicsAR” Research Project: An Augmented Reality in Physics Learning
Authors: Suprapto Nadi , Nandyansah Wisnu , Mubarok Husni
Published: June 2020

This paper is one of the outcomes of the PicsAR (Physics Augmented Reality) research project that is focusing on the evaluation of students’ abstract thinking skills while utilizing augmented reality (AR) in the atomic model. The sequence of the research has emerged into three steps: developing, validating, and the evaluation of the PicsAR. The research utilized an ADDIE model: “Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation”. In Spring semester 2019, the authors conducted these steps and resulted in a pocket of PicsAR booklet and AR application based on Android. Then, the trial of application was conducted to 33 students in private high school in Surabaya, Indonesia. Parameters of evaluation included the quality of PicsAR, impact on students abstract thinking skills, and the research outcomes. The results indicated (1) the process of developing AR in atomic model fulfil the criteria of product quality: validity, practicality, and effectiveness, (2) performing of students’ abstract thinking skills reached at least 66.67% in the combination of good and very good categories of all reasoning categories, (3) through PicsAR research project resulted in two prior publications and one property right. The atomic model is one of abstract physics concept representative in presenting the use of augmented reality in physics learning; therefore, the recommendation of this research is another abstract physics concepts should address the use of AR as a media for learning.
The Impact of Collaborative Group Size on Students’ Achievement and Product Quality in Project-Based Learning Environments
Authors: Al Mulhim Ensaf Nasser , Eldokhny Amany Ahmed
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on comparing collaborative group sizes (small versus large) in terms of developing preservice teachers’ skills in designing webpages using HTML in a project-based learning environment. It examines the effect that group size has on academic achievement and product quality in project-based learning environments. The experiment involved 74 undergraduate students enrolled in the sixth level of the Computer Teacher Program, Faculty of Education, King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia, during the second term of the school year 2018-2019. Study results indicate that there are significant differences between large and small size groups as they relate to students’ academic achievement and product quality, showing a preference for a large group, which disagrees with most of the existing literature. In this study, the researchers explain this disagreement and recommend new directions in researching group sizes in project-based learning environments in the future.
Teaching Mode of Library Information Literacy Course Based on Hierarchical Embedded Service
Authors: Pang Lu
Published: June 2020

With the development of computer technology and network processing technology, information literacy competency has become an essential ability for contemporary college students. The traditional teaching mode of information literacy takes the form of library literature retrieval. The teaching content is relatively boring and dull, and the teaching form is backward, which makes many students lack interest in learning and produces an adverse effect on students’ improvement of information literacy required by their professional study. For this reason, in this paper, “hierarchical embedded service mode” was applied in the learning of information literacy course and an embedded information literacy teaching network composed of three elements, that is, teachers, learners and librarians, was built. After that, targeted information literacy teaching methods were designed from the perspectives of program, object, teaching content, teaching methods and teaching staff. On this basis, a teaching feedback mechanism for information literacy course with entrepreneurship and innovation as the goals was set up, which included 5 primary categories, course content, teaching design, interface design, media technology, and course management, and 25 secondary categories. It was found in a teaching experiment that the students have been greatly improved in terms of autonomous learning ability, learning interest, classroom activity and reading ability.
“Online + Offline” Course Teaching Based on Case Teaching Method: A Case Study of Entrepreneurship Education Course
Authors: Hua Shuyang , Ren Zhongwei
Published: June 2020

Effective entrepreneurship education can not only cultivate students’ entrepreneurship awareness and inspire entrepreneurial potential, but also set up an entrepreneurial foundation and form entrepreneurial practice, but the current teaching system doesn’t have strong timeliness, due to the high interest of students and lack of rich teaching methods and means by college teachers. Taking “online + offline” entrepreneurship education courses as an example, an “online + offline” teaching mode based on case teaching method was developed in this paper. Based on curriculum theory, the author identified the attractive quality and must-be quality of this course by fully understanding students’ needs in the learning process of “online + offline” courses, and designed a questionnaire on the needs for the learning support services of “online + offline” course products, to understand the satisfaction degree of students corresponding to each need. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of the “online + offline” courses, by reference to the evaluation criteria of DEMATEL-ANP, course mentoring, communication, final exam, subtitles and video effect were taken as key indicators, to build an evaluation system to be used in this mode. Finally, the teaching practice proves that this mode can better increase students’ learning interest, expand the teaching content of entrepreneurship education course and improve students’ satisfaction with this course.
Des toques dans les rues : les food trucks de São Paulo et la stratification symbolique de la ville
Authors: Ferreira Talitha Alessandra , Pellerano Joana Angélica
Published: June 2020

On trouve des food trucks dans les rues de São Paulo depuis 2013. Leurs propriétaires se targuent d’offrir une cuisine de rue « différenciée » et plus moderne que celle qu’on avait jusqu’alors l’habitude de consommer dans la métropole. Cet article montre que ces camions-restaurants diffusent leurs produits dans certains secteurs de la ville seulement, si bien qu’ils en favorisent et en accentuent la stratification symbolique. De plus, ils font descendre dans la rue l’excellence professionnelle elle-même, celle des chefs de cuisine qui officiaient jusqu’alors uniquement dans les restaurants où ils entretenaient un lien étroit avec le champ de la gastronomie.
Pour une histoire sociale de l’alimentation populaire à São Paulo dans la première moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Rodrigues Jaime
Published: June 2020

Les conceptions scientifiques formulées par l’Institut d’hygiène durant les années 1920-1960 en vue de réformer l’alimentation populaire sont ici mises en regard avec les comportements alimentaires, que l’on peut inférer des enquêtes de terrain menées jusqu’en 1962 sur le train de vie de la population. J’ai commencé à m’intéresser à ce sujet après avoir suivi les politiques publiques mises en place par le gouvernement brésilien depuis 2003, année de la création du programme Fome Zero.
Gilda de Mello e Souza : une essayiste singulière, une écriture lumineuse
Authors: Pontes Heloisa , Pires Bárbara Luisa
Published: June 2020

Partie prenante du mouvement de rénovation culturelle qui a permis aux femmes d’avoir accès à un milieu intellectuel qui leur était jusque-là quasiment interdit, Gilda de Mello Souza (1919-2005) occupe une place singulière dans les sciences sociales au Brésil. Dans cet article nous retraçons son parcours biographique et sa trajectoire intellectuelle, nous dégageons les lignes de force de son œuvre et enfin, nous montrons qu’elle a approfondi sa singularité jusqu’à développer une pensée sociologique unique au Brésil.
Cuisine régionale, identité et gastronomie dans le Minas Gerais
Authors: Dutra Rogéria Campos de Almeida
Published: June 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d'analyser la construction sociale de la cozinha mineira dans le cadre du projet national au Brésil, en soulignant le rôle des intellectuels, écrivains et artistes dans la conformation de l'identité régionale du Minas Gerais. Il cherche également à refléter comment cette relation originale entre territoire et population, ainsi que la composition de plats emblématiques, a pris de nouvelles significations avec l’augmentation du flux touristique. La croissance des festivals de gastronomie dans les villes du Minas Gerais est décrite grâce à l'exemple de la ville de Tiradentes où cet événement a transformé la localité en un confluent de traditions alimentaires et d'innovations culinaires, donnant à ce lieu de nouvelles dimensions sémantiques.
Producteurs de médias et entrepreneuriat ethnique à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira Sónia
Published: June 2020

Ce texte s’inscrit dans un projet de cartographie et d’analyse critique de la production de médias portugais dans le contexte migratoire. Privilégiant le Brésil, il analyse la façon dont les médias ethniques et leurs producteurs constituent l’un des instruments clés d’une culture de l’expression dont l’analyse offre une voie d’entrée dans les processus de production et d’exposition culturelle et identitaire des migrants. Ils permettent tout autant de mieux connaître leurs logiques de « marchandisation de la nostalgie » et d’utilisation des niches du commerce ethnique inscrites dans l’espace urbain.
A Cloud Platform for Sharing Educational Digital Fabrication Resources Over the Internet
Authors: Cornetta Gianluca , Touhafi Abdellah , Muntean Gabriel-Miro
Published: June 2020

Cloud and IoT technologies have the potential to enable a plethora of new applications that are not strictly limited to remote sensing, data collection, and data analysis. In such a context, the IoT paradigm can be seen as an empowering technology rather than a disruptive one since it has the capability to improve the standard business processes by fostering more efficient and sustainable implementations and by reducing the running costs. Cloud and IoT technologies can be applied in a broad range of contexts including entertainment, industry, and education, among others. This chapter presents part of the outputs of the NEWTON H2020 European project on technology-enhanced learning; more specifically, it introduces the concept of fabrication as a service in the context of educational digital fabrication laboratories. Fab Labs can leverage cloud and IoT technologies to enable resource sharing and provide remote access to distributed expensive fabrication resources over the internet. Both platform architecture and impact on learning experience of STEM subjects are presented in detail.
The Water Cycle in the Smart Cities Environment
Authors: López-Fernández Eduardo J. , Alonso-Peralta Francisco , Sanglier-Contreras Gastón , González-Lezcano Roberto A.
Published: June 2020

This chapter analyses the urban water cycle in the smarts cities, describes the current situation, which constitutes a valid but outdated knowledge, adopting the perspective of improving and extending the measures that lead to greater efficiency of the water collection, treatment, supply, sewage, purification, and reuse systems at all stages of the water cycle: the sites, construction, operation, and maintenance of the networks and systems that enable the cycle to be completed effectively. The process of converting a city into smart city includes resources, processes, and services, and all stages of the water cycle are a set of processes, with water as a fundamental resource, which condition the different services to citizens, and therefore, it is necessary to try to establish efficiency improvements in all of them.
Public Services and Evolution of Smart Cities
Authors: Suárez Magdalena
Published: June 2020

The smart city is a concept that began to take shape at the end of the last century, emerging as a consequence of the real evolution of urban requirements. Whilst in bygone eras the need arose to equip cities with elements such as security, public health services, and public adornment, which were primordial for development of said cities, nowadays the—increasingly demanding—citizenry calls for a type of services related to the introduction of information and communications technology (ICT), aside from the cities' own evolution, as well as growth of the social and environmental capital. A smart city could be defined as a city which uses information and communications technology to ensure that both its critical infrastructure and the public services and components it offers are more interactive and efficient and that citizens can become more aware of them.
Strengthening Leadership and Teaching Capacity Through Community and College Relationships
Authors: Ellebbane Joy Lundeen , Colón Carmen , Pollock Wendy
Published: June 2020

As more young children enter public education, leaders and principals need to understand informal modes of education that have documented success with young children. In New York City, this need has become more urgent as city funding increased the number of early childhood programs in public schools. With this increase, school leaders need to extend their learning to support these teachers, children, and families. Bank Street College has a long history of work in these spaces and supporting the development of teachers and leaders in these communities. This chapter uses two case studies to outline professional learning models, one with a network of early childhood programs and the other with a K-8 school. The rationale is that change occurs through thoughtful and supportive learning experiences that include reflection and time to consider what is needed to alter teacher/leader practices. The results of these programs can be used by school leaders to support their work with early childhood teachers and form professional learning partnerships with colleges and external organizations.
Becoming a Mathematics Specialist Teacher Leader
Authors: Piccolo Diana , Barnett Joann
Published: June 2020

This chapter will examine the impact of developing mathematics teacher leaders after completion of the Mathematics Specialist graduate certificate program. Specifically, it reviews how their teaching of mathematics changed and what factors helped them to become teacher leaders in their school and district. The chapter will include three parts. The first part will focus on what an elementary mathematics specialist is and why there is a need for leadership in this area within schools and districts. The second part will describe testimonials and stories of graduates of the Mathematics Specialist graduate certificate program and what impact it had on their teaching of mathematics and becoming a mathematics specialist leader. The third part of the chapter will conclude with the mathematics leadership framework and examine the characteristics and challenges these teacher-leaders face as both early childhood teachers and mathematics leaders.
Working With Immigrant Children and Families
Authors: Yu Hae Min
Published: June 2020

This chapter discusses ways of understanding and supporting immigrant children and families. Sociocultural theory and a funds of knowledge framework are introduced to provide pertinent guidelines for early childhood education leadership who is working with immigrant children and families. Looking deeply at the experiences and challenges of immigrant children and families, this chapter proposes that leaders need to ask new questions about the complex realities of immigrants in the U.S. schools in order to respond more effectively to their needs and provide more equitable education for all children. Recommended practices include employing the lens of culturally responsive teaching. It challenges deficit views and negative labels against immigrant children and families, invites early childhood education leadership to rethink curriculum and assessment, and explores ways of empowering immigrant families and communities.
Unlocking the Doors
Authors: Kelly Mary , Fields Christina Wright
Published: June 2020

This chapter will explore how teacher educators support and create social justice-infused spaces with their respective programs. The authors explain how they re-centered equity and diversity by reframing and repositioning culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) in teacher education programs. A possible programmatic approach is shared to explain the different phases of integrating a culturally sustaining pedagogy, referred to as CSP+, with attention to intersectional subjectivities and a privileging of both ability and gender within equity frameworks. Alongside practical activities, and a step-by-step guide towards re-designing for CSP+, the authors consider both where and how to begin reconceptualizing teacher education towards justice, arguing for a department-wide approach.
Social Justice Education With and for Pre-Service Teachers in the Borderlands
Authors: Zepeda Efren O. Miranda , Carmona Judith Flores
Published: June 2020

Diversity in contemporary classrooms (across class, race, gender, and other social identity groups) is here to stay. Social justice education is a viable alternative to reach out to all participants with equity towards construction of democracy. In this chapter, the authors share about their co-teaching experience in a required Multicultural Education course for pre-service teachers where a social justice framework guided their work. They expand on the course objectives and their social justice aims. They describe how their praxis was conducive to building community in the classroom and being with each other. They expose and explore, however, a misalignment between theory and praxis surrounding social justice education when preservice teachers transition from teacher preparation programs to their own classrooms as practicing teachers. They describe through the concrete experience of one of the authors how practicing teachers are faced with different particular variables that may hinder the full realization of a social justice approach to education.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Dupuis Gilles , Kennedy Elaine , Lindquist Ruth , Barton Franca B. , Terrin Michael L. , Hoogwerf Byron J. , Czajkowski Susan M. , Herd J. Alan ,   for the Post CABG Biobehavioral Study Investigators.
Published: June 2020

• Background Some studies have indicated a decline in patients’ cognitive performance after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

• Objective To evaluate cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

• Methods Patients’ cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was evaluated in a prospective observational multicenter study in 5 academic medical centers. A total of 242 men and 123 women were evaluated before surgery; 333 men and 216 women, 5 to 11 months after surgery (197 men and 99 women were evaluated both before and after surgery). Verbal ability, attention/concentration, logical/verbal and visual memory, and facial recognition were measured. Data on demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics also were collected.

• ResultsAfter surgery, patients’ overall performance improved (P < .001) for attention/concentration, verbal fluency, and logical/verbal memory. Patients with more education (high school or greater) performed better on each test (P < .001) than did patients with less education. No strong effects of sex or age on cognitive performance were observed before or after surgery, and no important differences in sex, age, or education were associated with changes in scores from before to after surgery.

• Conclusion On average, cognitive performance improved rather than declined after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The improvements were consistent across sex, age, and education.
Attitudes Toward and Beliefs About Family Presence: A Survey of Healthcare Providers, Patients’ Families, and Patients
Authors: Duran Christine R. , Oman Kathleen S. , Abel Jenni Jordan , Koziel Virginia M. , Szymanski Deborah
Published: June 2020

Background Although some healthcare providers remain hesitant, family presence, defined as the presence of patients’ family members during resuscitation and/or invasive procedures, is becoming an accepted practice. Evidence indicates that family presence is beneficial to patients and their families.

Objectives To describe and compare the beliefs about and attitudes toward family presence of clinicians, patients’ families, and patients.

Methods Clinicians, patients’ families, and patients in the emergency department and adult and neonatal intensive care units of a 300-bed urban academic hospital were surveyed.

Results Surveys were completed by 202 clinicians, 72 family members, and 62 patients. Clinicians had positive attitudes toward family presence but had concerns about safety, the emotional responses of the family members, and performance anxiety. Nurses had more favorable attitudes toward family presence than physicians did. Patients and their families had positive attitudes toward family presence.

Conclusions Family presence is beneficial to patients, patients’ families, and healthcare providers. As family presence becomes a more accepted practice, healthcare providers will need to accommodate patients’ families at the bedside and address the barriers that impede the practice.
Pharmacological Treatment for Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Authors: Shald Elizabeth A. , Reeder Jacob , Finnick Michael , Patel Ishani , Evans Kyle , Faber Rebecca K. , Gilbert Brian W.
Published: June 2020

Background

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, which affects up to 10% of all acquired brain injury survivors, is characterized by elevated heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature; diaphoresis; and increased posturing. Pharmacological agents that have been studied in the management of this disorder include opiates, γ-aminobutyric acid agents, dopaminergic agents, and β blockers. Although paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a relatively common complication after acquired brain injury, there is a paucity of recommendations or comparisons of agents for the management of this disorder.

Objective

To evaluate all relevant literature on pharmacological therapies used to manage patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity to help elucidate possible best practices.

Methods

Of the 27 studies evaluated for inclusion, 10 studies received full review: 4 retrospective cohort studies, 5 single case studies, and 1 case series.

Results

Monotherapy is usually not effective in the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and multiple agents with different mechanisms of action should be considered. α2-Agonists such as dexmedetomidine may hold some slight clinical efficacy over agents like propofol, and with respect to oral medications, propranolol might convey some slight advantage compared to others. However, with the limited data available, these results must be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions

As the treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is reactive to symptomatic evolution over time, critical care nurses play a vital role in the monitoring and treatment of these patients. Limited data exist on the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and larger robust data sets are needed to guide decision-making. (Critical Care Nurse. 2020;40[3]:e9-e16)
Feasibility of Nurse-Led Multidimensional Outcome Assessments in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Schlichter Erika , Lopez Omar , Scott Raymond , Ngwenya Laura , Kreitzer Natalie , Dangayach Neha S. , Ferioli Simona , Foreman Brandon
Published: June 2020

Background

The outcome focus for survivors of critical care has shifted from mortality to patient-centered outcomes. Multidimensional outcome assessments performed in critically ill patients typically exclude those with primary neurological injuries.

Objective

To determine the feasibility of measurements of physical function, cognition, and quality of life in patients requiring neurocritical care.

Methods

This evaluation of a quality improvement initiative involved all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center.

Interventions

Telephone assessments of physical function (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and modified Rankin Scale scores), cognition (modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status), and quality of life (5-level EQ-5D) were conducted between 3 and 6 months after admission.

Results

During the 2-week pilot phase, the authors contacted and completed data entry for all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit over a 2-week period in approximately 11 hours. During the 18-month implementation phase, the authors followed 1324 patients at a mean (SD) time of 4.4 (0.8) months after admission. Mortality at follow-up was 38.9%; 74.8% of these patients underwent withdrawal of care. The overall loss to follow-up rate was 23.6%. Among all patients contacted, 94% were available by the second attempt to interview them by telephone.

Conclusions

Obtaining multidimensional outcome assessments by telephone across a diverse population of neurocritically ill patients was feasible and efficient. The sample was similar to those in other cohort studies in the neurocritical care population, and the loss to follow-up rate was comparable with that of the general critical care population.
HLA Class II Specificity Assessed by High-Density Peptide Microarray Interactions
Authors: Osterbye Thomas , Nielsen Morten , Dudek Nadine L. , Ramarathinam Sri H. , Purcell Anthony W. , Schafer-Nielsen Claus , Buus Soren
Published: June 2020

The ability to predict and/or identify MHC binding peptides is an essential component of T cell epitope discovery, something that ultimately should benefit the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. In particular, MHC class I prediction tools have matured to a point where accurate selection of optimal peptide epitopes is possible for virtually all MHC class I allotypes; in comparison, current MHC class II (MHC-II) predictors are less mature. Because MHC-II restricted CD4+ T cells control and orchestrated most immune responses, this shortcoming severely hampers the development of effective immunotherapies. The ability to generate large panels of peptides and subsequently large bodies of peptide–MHC-II interaction data are key to the solution of this problem, a solution that also will support the improvement of bioinformatics predictors, which critically relies on the availability of large amounts of accurate, diverse, and representative data. In this study, we have used rHLA-DRB1*01:01 and HLA-DRB1*03:01 molecules to interrogate high-density peptide arrays, in casu containing 70,000 random peptides in triplicates. We demonstrate that the binding data acquired contains systematic and interpretable information reflecting the specificity of the HLA-DR molecules investigated, suitable of training predictors able to predict T cell epitopes and peptides eluted from human EBV-transformed B cells. Collectively, with a cost per peptide reduced to a few cents, combined with the flexibility of rHLA technology, this poses an attractive strategy to generate vast bodies of MHC-II binding data at an unprecedented speed and for the benefit of generating peptide–MHC-II binding data as well as improving MHC-II prediction tools.
Bloody Nipple Discharge Post Delivery: A Case of “Rusty Pipe Syndrome”
Authors: Mohamad Noraini , Sulaiman Zaharah , Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina , Ahmad Sahida
Published: June 2020

“Rusty pipe syndrome” is a condition that needs to be considered in a primiparous woman who presents with bilateral bloody nipple discharge in the early postpartum period. Its prevalence is low and can occur due to physiological condition that arises primarily in primiparous women with increased alveolar and ductal vascularization associated with the onset of lactation. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old primigravida who presented with bilateral painless bloody nipple discharge after delivery. Her breast examination showed no signs of infection or structural changes, and breast ultrasound did not reveal any significant observations except for a bilateral simple breast cyst. Six days after the onset of lactation, the bloody nipple discharge ceased and lactation continued on demand.
Bazı Üzüm Çeşit ve Amerikan Asma Anaçlarında Sıcak Su Uygulamasının Aşılı Çeliklerde Kallus Oluşumu Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Özlem ÇALKAN SAĞLAM  , Hayri SAĞLAM
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı asma fidanı üretiminde Agrobacterium vitis eleminasyonu amacıyla yapılan sıcak su uygulamasının aşılı çeliklerde kallus oluşumuna etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 99R ve Ramsey anaçlarına ait aşılık çelikler ile Sultani Çekirdeksiz ve Yalova İncisi çeşitlerine ait kalemler materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Aşılık çelik ve kalemler 50 oC de 15, 30 ve 45 dakikalık sıcak su uygulamaların ardından masabaşı omega aşılama yöntemi ile aşılanmıştır. Ramsey anacına Sultani Çekirdeksiz çeşidi, 99R anacına ise Sultani Çekirdeksiz ve Yalova İncisi çeşitleri aşılanmıştır. Bunun ardından aşılı çelikler standart aşılı fidan üretim programına alınarak kallus oluşumu durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Sıcak su uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra 21 gün gelişmeye bırakılmış aşılı çeliklerde kallus oluşumları değerlendirilmiştir. Kombinasyonlar arasında önemli farklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sıcak su uygulamasında kallus oluşturma durumu uygulama süresinden çok anaç ve çeşide bağlı görünmektedir.
Hatay ili Kırıkhan-Kumlu Bölgesi Topraklarının pH, Kireç ve Organik madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Kübra YETER  , Mehmet YALÇIN
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Hatay ili Kırıkhan-Kumlu bölgesi topraklarının pH, kireç ve organik madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için çalışma alanı topraklarını temsil edecek şekilde iki farklı derinlikten (0-20 ve 20-40 cm) ve 30 ayrı noktadan olmak üzere toplamda 60 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Örneklerde toprakların pH, kireç ve organik madde içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çalışma alanı toprakların pH içerikleri 7.95-8.43 arasında değişmekte olup toprak örneklerinin pH’larının tüm bölgede hafif alkalin özellikte olduğu görülmüştür. Kırıkhan-Kumlu bölgesi topraklarının kireç içerikleri  % 0.47-26.59 olup kireç içerikleri az kireçli ile çok fazla kireçli arasında değişmekle birlikte, toprakların % 11.66’sı az kireçli, % 5.00’i kireçli, % 35.00’i orta kireçli, % 45.00’i fazla kireçli ve % 3.34’ü ise çok fazla kireçli görülmüştür. Çalışma alanı topraklarının organik madde içerikleri % 1.16-6.08 arasında olup toprak örneklerinin organik maddeleri az ile yüksek arasında değişmekle birlikte, toprakların % 30.00’u az, % 48.34’ü orta, % 15.00’i iyi ve % 6.66’sı ise yüksek oranda organik madde görülmüştür. Toprakların kireç ile organik madde içeriği arasında negatif önemli ilişki belirlenmiş olup, pH içeriği ile diğer özellikler arasında önemli ilişkiler belirlenememiştir.
Examining Patterns within Challenged or Banned Primary Elementary Books
Authors: Bickford John Holden , Lawson Devanne R
Published: June 2020

Public schools and public libraries often receive challenges—suppression or removal requests—to particular books, which can lead the book being banned. Research has examined challenges to books with multicultural themes and individuals, noted that authors of color are disproportionally targeted, and recognized the remarkable number of challenges to books deemed to be classic. This qualitative content analysis research utilized both with inductive and deductive elements—open coding and axial coding—to examine challenged books intended for primary elementary students. The theoretical framework blended critical multiculturalism, gay and lesbian identity, and radical politics in children’s literature. Findings included patterns based on era, frequency and location of challenge, demography of challenger, and oft-challenged themes, specifically sexuality (sexual reproduction and diverse sexualities), inappropriate humor, danger, death, racial and religious diversity, mysticism and wizardry, racially or culturally insensitive elements, concerning interpersonal dynamics, and evolution. Meaning is extracted for teachers, librarians, administrators, and researchers.
"He's on fire for justice!": Using critical conversations to explore sociopolitical topics in elementary classrooms
Authors: Darolia Laura
Published: June 2020

Despite the dominant discourse that childhood is a time of innocence, elementary students (kindergarten through fifth grade) notice the world around them, witness and experience injustice and deserve to explore “controversial issues” in their classrooms. This article introduces readers to Olivia and her second grade students. Olivia wanted to create what she called a “social justice classroom” and made intentional curricular moves in order to bring this vision to life. Primarily, she implemented “social justice read aloud time” and read and discussed thoughtfully chosen trade books on “controversial issues” every Friday afternoon. Students were highly engaged in these read alouds and developed understandings and insights well beyond academic content standards. Olivia’s approach to teaching aligned with critical literacy, a pedagogical framework that values multiple perspectives, brings sociopolitical topics into the classroom, disrupts the status quo, and moves toward social action and  the Inquiry Design Model of social studies education. Using this interdisciplinary lens, empirical examples of the purposeful exploration of “controversial issues” in a second grade classroom are discussed. Through Olivia’s voice, along with the voices of her students, description of the learning that happened in this social justice classroom is offered as evidence that teaching controversial issues in elementary classrooms has repercussions far beyond school walls. Implications for both practicing teachers and teacher educators are discussed.
Building Bridges Instead of Walls: Engaging Young Children in Critical Literacy Read Alouds
Authors: Brownell Cassie J , Rashid Anam
Published: June 2020

Situated in the months after the 2016 United States presidential election, this qualitative case study illuminates third-grade children’s sense-making about the GOP Administration’s proposed border wall with Mexico. In light of these present-day politics, close analysis of how young children discuss social issues remains critical, particularly for social studies educators. Looking across fifteen book discussions, we zero in on three whole-class conversations about (im)migration beginning with initial read alouds through the final debrief wherein children conversed with a local university anthropologist about the clandestine migration of individuals across the U.S.’s southern border. During initial discussions, children in the Midwestern school demonstrated their frustration towards racist laws of the mid-1900s. Others responded with empathy or made personal connections to their own family heritage. In the findings, we note a clear progression in how children understood (im)migration issues as evidenced by how their questions and curiosities shifted in later lessons. We highlight how, when children are encouraged to engage with social topics, they can act as critical consumers and position themselves as politically active and engaged citizens.
La idea de independencia en la literatura de la República Democrática de Azerbaiyán (1918-1920).
Authors: Tanzila Rustamkhanli.
Published: June 2020

El movimiento ilustrado, que comenzó en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, jugó un papel importante en la autodeterminación nacional del pueblo azerbaiyano, en la consolidación de la idea de independencia nacional, en la transformación de la independencia y el nacionalismo en una ideología nacional. El profundiza en estos aspectos.
El Abogado de Oficio a tenor de la modificación de la Ley de Procedimiento Penal.
Authors: Marvelio Alfaro Matos  , Luis Manuel Provance Labrada  , Ned Vito Quevedo Arnaiz  , Nemis García Arias.
Published: June 2020

La Defensa de Oficio es importante, porque existen acusados que dada su situación económica y procesal requieren la representación de estos abogados. La legislación procesal vigente no es lo suficientemente previsora ni reguladora de la institución de abogado de oficio que permita el desarrollo de una verdadera defensa técnica con los derechos y garantías establecidos para un juzgamiento apegado al debido proceso penal; por ello se traza como objetivo revelar las limitaciones legales y objetivas que presentan en la práctica los abogados de oficio, de modo que permita brindar una solución a esta problemática.
Crédito y cobranza. Un análisis en Seguros Equinoccial.
Authors: Paola Yesenia Carrera Cuesta  , Carmen Verónica Valenzuela Chicaiza  , Edgar Marcelo Morillo Enríquez  , Jessica Alexandra Noboa Pardo.
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis del área de crédito y cobranza en Seguros Equinoccial del cantón Ibarra provincia de Imbabura. La metodología utilizada se basa en un enfoque complejo, mediante el análisis de la información del área de crédito y cobranza y el diagnóstico situacional. Se establece que las líneas de seguros que más se ofrecen a crédito son multirriesgo industrial, accidentes personales y todo riesgo de vehículos. Se evidencia una gestión de recuperación de cartera vencida con bajos niveles de eficiencia con expresión de una inadecuada gestión.
Una visión terrigenista de la interculturalidad para descolonizar la realidad, el discurso y la norma.
Authors: Xavier Garaicoa Ortiz.
Published: June 2020

El ámbito de la cultura es el espacio en el cual se desarrollan las normas que componen los sistemas jurídicos, condicionándolas en su contenido y alcance, así como en la eficacia que alcanzan dentro del conjunto de las relaciones sociales imperantes. Tal aserto incuestionable merece; sin embargo, una precisión, referida a la configuración de la específica cultura nacional-popular en cada sociedad. Partiendo del carácter barroco que adquiere la cultura latinoamericana y su evidente contenido colonial, del que forma parte la subcultura indígena, las disposiciones jurídicas provenientes de distintas fuentes, para que consagren su papel preceptuante deben adquirir un carácter intercultural que les permita potenciar una actuación ciudadana múltiple.
Paraphilic disorders
Authors: Baruch Ilinca
Published: June 2020

Paraphilic disorders are diagnosed largely in forensic settings and it is both a social and a public health issue. In this paper we discuss about the differences between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders and we emphasize clinical features regarding voyeuristic disorder, pedophilia, necrophilia and rape.
Inappropriate Choice of Definites in Turkish Heritage Speakers of German
Authors: Felser Claudia , Arslan Seçkin
Published: June 2020

The appropriate use of (in-)definites can be notoriously difficult for language learners to
acquire, suggesting that this linguistic domain is particularly prone to instability in language acquisition. The current study investigates whether heritage speakers also have difficulties in this domain. We report the results from a questionnaire study investigating heritage speakers’ sensitivity to contextual cues to the appropriate use of (in-)definites both in their native language (Turkish) and in their second, societally dominant language (German). The results show that Turkish heritage speakers over-use definite noun phrases in contexts that normally require an indefinite noun phrase in both Turkish and German, in comparison to non-bilingual Turkish and German-speaking controls. This indicates that sensitivity to pragmatic constraints on the use of (in-)definites is reduced in languages that were acquired under conditions that differ from those of typical monolingually raised speakers, regardless of the age at which these languages were acquired or how definiteness is expressed morphosyntactically. Instead, our heritage speakers’ daily use of Turkish proved to be the strongest predictor for their performance. Together, our findings indicate divergent attainment in both of our heritage speakers’ languages, with pragmatic constraints on the use of (in-) definites being weakened in both Turkish and German.
The Sociolinguistic Impact of Service-learning on Heritage Learners Sojourning in Spain
Authors: Salgado-Robles Francisco , George Angela
Published: June 2020

Over the past three decades, a considerable number of studies have investigated the connection between study abroad and second language acquisition to the exclusion of another emerging language profile, that of heritage language learners who study abroad to enhance their home language skills. The few studies on heritage language learners’ development of local features abroad have focused on phonological ones, concluding that more in-depth exposure to the varieties abroad was related to increased production of the local features (Escalante, 2018; George & Hoffman-González, in press). Research on the effects of international service learning have also been limited to second language learners, demonstrating increased second language use and proficiency (Martinsen, Baker, Dewey, Bown, & Johnson, 2010) along with the development of geographically-variable patterns of use (Salgado-Robles, 2018). The current study combines these two fields and investigates the development of a variable local feature (vosotros versus ustedes) by 20 U.S. Spanish-speaking heritage language learners of Mexican descent studying abroad for
four months in Spain. The experimental group (N = 10) participated in a service learning course in addition to traditional coursework, while the control group (N = 10) completed traditional coursework and no service learning course. The results of the Oral Discourse Completion Task demonstrated that all participants significantly increased their use of vosotros from the beginning to the end of the semester; however, the change by the experimental group was two times higher than the control group. This could be explained by the results of the Language Contact Profile, which revealed more use of Spanish and less use of English by participants in the experimental group. This study offers implications for future study abroad programs, the linguistic impacts of service-learning, and the development of sociolinguistic competence.
On the way to improve the quality of the health potential of the Russians
Authors: Ivanov Oleg I.
Published: June 2020

As a rule, the state of health and the potential of public health is assessed based on the use of biomedical criteria. Today, these assessments need to be supplemented by social criteria, among which one of the most important is the criterion of the active attitude of individuals and communities to their health. The article presents the potential of health as a specific social phenomenon. From our point of view, the potential of health as a social property of individuals and communities has three sources and three components: the needs, abilities and willingness of individuals and communities for years with practical actions to maintain good health (physical and mental) and performance. The formation of developed systems of needs, abilities and willingness of individuals and communities to learn and use health practices is a real way to reduce social inequalities in health. Movement in this direction can lead to a significant increase in the number of Russian citizens who are able to independently solve problems to improve their health in situations that do not require emergency professional assistance. In order to revitalize the population and relevant social institutions in recreational activities, the author proposes to define the year 2021 (or another year) as the year of health.