bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Olfactory Trail of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Franco Rafael , Garrigós Claudia , Lillo Jaume
Published: April 2024

Alterations in olfactory functions are proposed as possible early biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases manifest olfactory dysfunction as a symptom, which is worth mentioning. The alterations do not occur in all patients, but they can serve to rule out neurodegenerative pathologies that are not associated with small deficits. Several prevalent neurodegenerative conditions, including impaired smell, arise in the early stages of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, presenting an attractive prospect as a snitch for early diagnosis. This review covers the current knowledge on the link between olfactory deficits and Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The review also covers the emergence of olfactory receptors as actors in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Olfactory receptors are not exclusively expressed in olfactory sensory neurons. Olfactory receptors are widespread in the human body; they are expressed, among others, in the testicles, lungs, intestines, kidneys, skin, heart, and blood cells. Although information on these ectopically expressed olfactory receptors is limited, they appear to be involved in cell recognition, migration, proliferation, wound healing, apoptosis, and exocytosis. Regarding expression in non-chemosensory regions of the central nervous system (CNS), future research should address the role, in both the glia and neurons, of olfactory receptors. Here, we review the limited but relevant information on the altered expression of olfactory receptor genes in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. By unraveling how olfactory receptor activation is involved in neurodegeneration and identifying links between olfactory structures and neuronal death, valuable information could be gained for early diagnosis and intervention strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
Intraoral Soft Tissue Lesions in 6-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Regions of Southern Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Vélez-León Eleonor , Albaladejo Alberto , Guerrero Emilia , Galván Ginger , Melo María
Published: April 2024

Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) are conditions of the oral mucosa that cause alterations in their presentation and pain in the affected patient, highlighting their importance for study. The aim of this research is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in the Ecuadorian Austro. Descriptive statistics were used to associate variables, yielding statistically significant findings based on oral lesions, sex, and geographical environment. This study was conducted under the appropriate bioethical permissions. The results obtained correspond to the prevalence of lesions by province. Morona Santiago displays a rate of 17% for abscesses, surpassing the provinces of Azuay (13.50%) and Cañar (10.67%). However, gingivitis for pathology, Azuay stands out with 13.17%, while Cañar and Morona Santiago present 10.50% and 8.33%, respectively. There is also a predominant occurrence of abscesses in rural areas (41.17%) compared to urban ones (26.33%). Regarding sex, girls show a higher percentage of abscesses (41.17%) compared to boys who have a clear tendency to present GUM lesions (22.33%). The data indicates that in the studied provinces, geographical environment and sex are key variables to understand the distribution of oral lesions. These findings encourage us to continue pursuing this type of research, which contributes to improving the quality of life for children.
Using the LabVIEW Simulation Program to Design and Determine the Characteristics of Amplifiers
Authors: Cuntan Corina , Panoiu Caius , Panoiu Manuela , Baciu Ioan , Mezinescu Sergiu
Published: April 2024

Because of the large number of parameters that interact in amplifier functions, determining dynamic regime parameters as well as the mode of function of amplifier stages is an extremely complex problem. This paper describes a LabVIEW application for studying the functioning of an amplifier in various connections. The user selects the generator’s parameters, the type of connection and its parameters, as well as the load circuit characteristics. The application can determine both the stage characteristics and the Bode characteristics. The amplifier’s stability zone, as well as its gain and phase, are determined based on these characteristics. An important advantage of this application is that the design of the amplifier stage can be created starting from some parameters that the amplifier can establish, from which the values of components can be determined. In order to validate the simulation results from the LabVIEW application, the specialized program Multisim was used, as well as experimental measurements using the Electronics Explorer Board. Both Multisim and Electronics Explorer Board can determine Bode characteristics. In both simulations and experimental amplifiers, the same schemes with the same transistor were used. The application can be used for educational purposes as well as to design an amplifier’s stage to achieve specific parameters.
Coastal Restoration Challenges and Strategies for Small Island Developing States in the Face of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change
Authors: Hernández-Delgado Edwin A.
Published: April 2024

The climate crisis poses a grave threat to numerous small island developing states (SIDS), intensifying risks from extreme weather events and sea level rise (SLR). This vulnerability heightens the dangers of coastal erosion, chronic water quality degradation, and dwindling coastal resources, demanding global attention. The resultant loss of ecological persistence, functional services, and ecosystem resilience jeopardizes protection against wave action and SLR, endangering coastal habitats’ economic value, food security, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Implementing integrated strategies is imperative. A thorough discussion of available strategies and best management practices for coastal ecosystem restoration is presented in the context of SIDS needs, threats, and major constraints. Solutions must encompass enhanced green infrastructure restoration (coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves/wetlands, urban shorelines), sustainable development practices, circular economy principles, and the adoption of ecological restoration policies. This requires securing creative and sustainable funding, promoting green job creation, and fostering local stakeholder engagement. Tailored to each island’s reality, solutions must overcome numerous socio-economic, logistical, and political obstacles. Despite challenges, timely opportunities exist for coastal habitat restoration and climate change adaptation policies. Integrated strategies spanning disciplines and stakeholders necessitate significant political will.
Radiological and Not Clinical Variables Guide the Surgical Plan in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Martín-Abreu Carla , Fariña-Jerónimo Helga , Plata-Bello Julio
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: The extent of resection is the most important prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. However, the factors influencing the decision to perform a biopsy instead of maximal resection have not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the intention to achieve maximal resection in glioblastoma patients. Methods: A retrospective single-center case-series analysis of patients with a new diagnosis of glioblastoma was performed. Patients were distributed into two groups: the biopsy (B) and complete resection (CR) groups. To identify factors associated with the decision to perform a B or CR, uni- and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Cox regression analysis was also performed in the B and CR groups. Results: Ninety-nine patients with a new diagnosis of glioblastoma were included. Sixty-eight patients (68.7%) were treated with CR. Ring-enhancement and edema volume on presurgical magnetic resonance imaging were both associated with CR. Corpus callosum involvement and proximity to the internal capsule were identified as factors associated with the decision to perform a biopsy. In the multivariate analysis, edema volume (OR = 1.031; p = 0.002) and proximity to the internal capsule (OR = 0.104; p = 0.001) maintained significance and were considered independent factors. In the survival analysis, only corpus callosum involvement (HR = 2.055; p = 0.035) and MGMT status (HR = 0.484; p = 0.027) presented statistical significance in the CR group. Conclusions: The volume of edema and proximity to the internal capsule were identified as independent factors associated with the surgical decision. The radiological evaluation and not the clinical situation of the patient influences the decision to perform a biopsy or CR.
Quantification of Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability on Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography in Macular Neovascularization
Authors: Ra Ho , Jung Younhea , Lee Seung Hoon , Park Seo-woo , Chhablani Jay , Baek Jiwon
Published: April 2024

To obtain a quantitative parameter for the measurement of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWICGA) using an objective analysis method in macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A total of 113 UWICGA images from 113 subjects were obtained, including with 25 neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), 37 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (19 with thin-choroid and 18 with thick-choroid), 33 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and 18 age-matched controls. CVH was quantified on a gray image by the subtraction of 2 synchronized UWICGA images of early and late phases. The measured CVH parameter was compared with human graders and among CNV subtypes and correlated with choroidal vascular density (CVD) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). The mean CVH values were 28.58 ± 4.97, 33.36 ± 8.40, 33.61 ± 11.50, 42.19 ± 13.25, and 43.59 ± 7.86 in controls and patients with nAMD, thin-choroid PCV, thick-choroid PCV, and PNV, respectively (p < 0.001). CVH was higher in thick-choroid PCV and PNV compared to the other groups (all p ≤ 0.006). The measured CVH value positively correlated with those reported by human graders (p < 0.001), CVD, and SFCT (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CVH can be measured objectively using quantitative UWICGA analysis. The CVH parameter differs among macular CNV subtypes and correlates with CVD and SFCT.
Ultrasound-Guided Sciatic Nerve Hydrodissection Can Improve the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Deep Gluteal Syndrome: A Case-Series Study
Authors: Yen Yun-Shan , Lin Chang-Hao , Chiang Chen-Hao , Wu Cheng-Yi
Published: April 2024

Deep gluteal syndrome (DGS) is caused by sciatic nerve entrapment. Because fascial entrapment neuropathies may occur in multiple locations, ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection is a key component of DGS treatment. In this study, we examined the clinical outcomes of patients with DGS undergoing ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve hydrodissection. A 10 mL mixture consisting of 5% dextrose, 0.2% lidocaine (Xylocaine), and 4 mg betamethasone (Rinderon) was used for nerve hydrodissection. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores of pain, the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes (reduction of ≥50% in pain), the duration for which patients exhibited favorable outcomes (percentage of follow-up duration), and the occurrence of major complications and minor side effects. A total of 53 patients were consecutively included and followed up for 3 to 19 months. After the initial injection, the NRS scores significantly improved at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and the final follow-up. Specifically, 73.6%, 71.7%, 64.2%, and 62.3% of the patients exhibited favorable outcomes at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and the final follow-up, respectively. The median duration for which the patients exhibited favorable outcomes was 84.7% of the follow-up period. Three patients (5.7%) experienced transient dizziness and vomiting, which resolved without further treatment. No vessel or nerve puncture was observed. Overall, ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve hydrodissection is a safe procedure that mitigates the pain associated with DGS. To achieve favorable outcomes, three consecutive injections 3 weeks apart are required.
Impact of Scanbody Geometry and CAD Software on Determining 3D Implant Position
Authors: Kropfeld Judith , Berger Lara , Adler Werner , Schulz Katja Leonie , Motel Constantin , Wichmann Manfred , Matta Ragai Edward
Published: April 2024

The implementation of CAD software in the digital production of implant prosthetics stands as a pivotal aspect of clinical dentistry, necessitating high precision in the alignment of implant scanbodies. This study investigates the influence of scanbody geometry and the method of superimposing in CAD software when determining 3D implant position. A standardized titanium model with three bone-level implants was digitized to create reference STL files, and 10 intraoral scans were performed on Medentika and NT-Trading scanbodies. To determine implant position, the generated STL files were imported into the Exocad CAD software and superimposed—automatically and manually—with the scanbody geometries stored within the software’s shape library. Position accuracy was determined by a comparison of the 3D-defined scanbody points from the STL matching files with those from the reference STL files. The R statistical software was used for the evaluation of the data. In addition, mixed linear models and a significance level of 0.05 were applied to calculate the p-values. The manual overlay method was significantly more accurate than the automatic overlays for both scanbody types. The Medentika scanbodies showed slightly superior precision compared to the NT-Trading scanbodies. Both scanbody geometry and the type of alignment in the CAD software significantly affect digital workflow accuracy. Manual verification and adjustment of the automatic alignment process are essential for precise implant positioning.
Some Theoretical Foundations of Bare-Simulation Optimization of Some Directed Distances between Fuzzy Sets Respectively Basic Belief Assignments
Authors: Broniatowski Michel , Stummer Wolfgang
Published: April 2024

It is well known that in information theory—as well as in the adjacent fields of statistics, machine learning and artificial intelligence—it is essential to quantify the dissimilarity between objects of uncertain/imprecise/inexact/vague information; correspondingly, constrained optimization is of great importance, too. In view of this, we define the dissimilarity-measure-natured generalized φ–divergences between fuzzy sets, ν–rung orthopair fuzzy sets, extended representation type ν–rung orthopair fuzzy sets as well as between those fuzzy set types and vectors. For those, we present how to tackle corresponding constrained minimization problems by appropriately applying our recently developed dimension-free bare (pure) simulation method. An analogous program is carried out by defining and optimizing generalized φ–divergences between (rescaled) basic belief assignments as well as between (rescaled) basic belief assignments and vectors.
Effects of Diffusion Barrier Layers on the Performance of Lattice-Mismatched Metamorphic In0.83Ga0.17As Photodetectors
Authors: Jiao Zhejing , Guo Tianyu , Zhou Gaoyu , Gu Yi , Liu Bowen , Yu Yizhen , Yu Chunlei , Ma Yingjie , Li Tao , Li Xue
Published: April 2024

In the planar-type InGaAs photodetector (PD) structure, a diffusion barrier has the effect of modifying the zinc diffusion profile in the interface between the cap and the absorption layer to improve device performance. In this work, an n-type In0.83Ga0.17As diffusion barrier layer (DBL) is employed between the In0.83Al0.17As cap layer and the low-doped In0.83Ga0.17As absorption layer of a lattice-mismatched metamorphic In0.83Ga0.17As PD. The device performance of the In0.83Ga0.17As PDs in terms of dark current, quantum efficiency, and capacitance were simulated and compared to experimental results. The effects of the thickness and doping concentration of the DBL on PD performance were analyzed and shown to be optimized at both 300 K and 200 K. Based on the simulation results, the electron concentration of the DBL is recommended to be 3×1016–5×1016 cm−3 and a thickness of 0.1 μm is suggested.
Material Point Method-Based Simulation Techniques for Medical Applications
Authors: Sung Su-Kyung , Kim Jae-Hyeong , Shin Byeong-Seok
Published: April 2024

We propose a method for recognizing fragment objects to model the detailed tearing of elastic objects like human organs. Traditional methods require high-performance GPUs for real-time calculations to accurately simulate the detailed fragmentation of rapidly deforming objects or create random fragments to improve visual effects with minimal computation. The proposed method utilizes a deep neural network (DNN) to produce physically accurate results without requiring high-performance GPUs. Physically parameterized material point method (MPM) simulation data were used to learn small-scale detailed fragments. The tearing process is segmented and learned based on various training data from different spaces and external forces. The inference algorithm classifies the fragments from the training data and modifies the deformation gradient using a modifier. An experiment was conducted to compare the proposed method and the traditional MPM in the same environment. As a result, it was confirmed that visual fidelity for the tearing of elastic objects has been improved. This supports the simulation of various incision types in a virtual surgery.
Characteristics of Micro–Nano-Pores in Shallow Shale Gas Reservoirs and Their Controlling Factors on Gas Content
Authors: Liu Yang , Xian Chenggang , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: April 2024

This investigation ventures into the nuanced porosity traits of shallow shale gas reservoirs, pinpointing the critical determinants of their gas content with a nuanced touch. By harnessing sophisticated microscopy and analytical methods, we embarked on an exploration into the porosity architecture of shale, identifying the distinct pore spaces that harbor shale gas and applying gas adsorption techniques to evaluate its storage potential. Noteworthy is our utilization of diverse adsorption mechanisms and models to accurately fit methane adsorption data while carefully considering the influence of marine shallow shale’s pore structure peculiarities, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and clay mineral content on its adsorption prowess. We introduce a refined model for appraising gas adsorption volumes, an innovative stride toward bolstering the precise estimation of reserves in marine dam shallow shale gas and shedding light on accurate gas adsorption volume calculations in analogous shallow shale gas scenarios. This manuscript offers profound insights into the sophisticated interplay between shale porosity and gas storage, enriching our understanding and enabling more accurate future resource estimations.
Research on Sub-Synchronous-Oscillation Energy Analysis and Traceability Method Based on Refined Energy
Authors: Zhang Zhixiang , Yang Jingying , Zhou Shuyu , Liu Cheng , Gao Song , Cao Zhichong
Published: April 2024

At present, most studies use the direct method to analyze the oscillation problem of modern power systems. However, these studies often only simplify the external characteristics of the wind turbine and lack an in-depth understanding of its internal refined energy structure. In this paper, based on the direct-drive permanent magnetic synchronous generator’s detailed model (D-PMSG), combined with the dynamic energy of its port, layers of analysis are performed on the wind turbine’s internal connections, and a detailed model of the energy structure is created. Then, the interaction mechanism of each control link in the wind turbine is analyzed by combining the energy function of the wind turbine with the improved perturbation method. Finally, this paper constructs a sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) scenario of weak damping and a forcing type and proves the accuracy and effectiveness of the traceability method based on the refined energy of D-PMSG. This traceability method based on refined energy is expected to provide a new solution to the stability problem caused by the integration of new energy.
A Review of the Role of Hydrogen in the Heat Decarbonization of Future Energy Systems: Insights and Perspectives
Authors: Ameli Hossein , Strbac Goran , Pudjianto Danny , Ameli Mohammad Taghi
Published: April 2024

Hydrogen is an emerging technology changing the context of heating with cleaner combustion than traditional fossil fuels. Studies indicate the potential to repurpose the existing natural gas infrastructure, offering consumers a sustainable, economically viable option in the future. The integration of hydrogen in combined heat and power systems could provide residential energy demand and reduce environmental emissions. However, the widespread adoption of hydrogen will face several challenges, such as carbon dioxide emissions from the current production methods and the need for infrastructure modification for transport and safety. Researchers indicated the viability of hydrogen in decarbonizing heat, while some studies also challenged its long-term role in the future of heating. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review is carried out by identifying the following key aspects, which could impact the conclusion on the overall role of hydrogen in heat decarbonization: (i) a holistic view of the energy system, considering factors such as renewable integration and system balancing; (ii) consumer-oriented approaches often overlook the broader benefits of hydrogen in emission reduction and grid stability; (iii) carbon capture and storage scalability is a key factor for large-scale production of low-emission blue hydrogen; (iv) technological improvements could increase the cost-effectiveness of hydrogen; (v) the role of hydrogen in enhancing resilience, especially during extreme weather conditions, raises the potential of hydrogen as a flexible asset in the energy infrastructure for future energy supply; and finally, when considering the UK as a basis case, (vi) incorporating factors such as the extensive gas network and unique climate conditions, necessitates specific strategies.
Correction: Solarz et al. Trends in Energy Security Education with a Focus on Renewable and Nonrenewable Sources. Energies 2022, 15, 1351
Authors: Solarz Jarosław , Gawlik-Kobylińska Małgorzata , Ostant Witold , Maciejewski Paweł
Published: April 2024

Text Correction [...]
Innovations in Thermoelectric Technology: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Enescu Diana
Published: April 2024

Over the past two decades, significant advances have been made in the field of energy harvesting, which involves the collection of energy from various environmental sources, including light, thermal gradients, electromagnetic radiation, and mechanical vibrations [...]
Dead-Time Compensation Using ADALINE for Reduced-Order Observer-Based Sensorless SynRM Drives
Authors: Lv Liangnian , Wang Ziyuan , Zhao Xinru , Guo Rui , Wang Jinpeng , Wang Gaolin , Li Shulin
Published: April 2024

The inverter dead time effect is non-negligible for the control performance of sensorless synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drives at low speeds. In this paper, a reduced-order observer-based sensorless control method for SynRM drives combined with the adaptive linear neurons (ADALINE)-based dead-time compensation is proposed. The reduced-order observer-based sensorless control method is presented, for which is parameter tuning is easy. On this basis, the dead-time compensation strategy using ADALINE filters is proposed to reduce the voltage harmonics effect on the estimation performance of the reduced-order observer. With ADALINE filters, the sixth current harmonic can be successfully filtered out by compensating the voltage directly or fitting the current to compensate the voltage. In this way, the low-speed estimation performance of the reduced-order observer is improved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a 3 kW SynRM experimental platform.
Soil Environments Regulate Dominant Soil Fungal Communities along an Elevational Gradient in Subtropical Forests
Authors: Li Zhihui , Wang Ziwei , Zhang Wenyang , Zhu Jing , Chen Bo , Jiang Lan , Xu Daowei , Li Wenzhou , Liu Jinfu , He Zhongsheng
Published: April 2024

Soil fungal communities play a critical role in the promotion of nutrient cycling and the stabilization of ecosystem functions in subtropical forests. Yet, clarifying the relationships between soil fungal diversity and microclimate variability along an elevational gradient, as well as understanding the driving mechanisms of their variations in subtropical forests, remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we recorded the composition and soil fungal diversity along an elevational gradient in Daiyun Mountain of China, aiming to elucidate the primary factors influencing the structure of the dominant soil fungal along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests. The results showed that (1) the dominant phylum of soil fungi at different elevations were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota (relative abundance > 10%) and Zygomycota (relative abundance > 1%). The Simpson index of soil fungi showed a clear upward trend along the elevational gradient, while no significant difference was observed in the other indices, and both overall reached their maximum value at the elevation of 1200 m. (2) The mean annual soil temperature and moisture, soil pH and available phosphorus were the main factors driving the dominant soil fungal along the elevational gradient. (3) Co–occurrence network analyses revealed a distinct modular structure of dominant soil fungal communities at different elevations, with Ascomycetes identified as the key taxa in fungi network relationships. Our research holds ecological significance in understanding the pivotal role of soil environmental factors in shaping the complex composition and interactions within soil fungal communities.
Hierarchical Integration of UAS and Sentinel-2 Imagery for Spruce Bark Beetle Grey-Attack Detection by Vegetation Index Thresholding Approach
Authors: Goldbergs Grigorijs , Upenieks Emīls Mārtiņš
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to examine the efficiency of the vegetation index (VI) thresholding approach for mapping deadwood caused by spruce bark beetle outbreak. For this, the study used upscaling from individual dead spruce detection by unmanned aerial (UAS) imagery as reference data for continuous spruce deadwood mapping at a stand/landscape level by VI thresholding binary masks calculated from satellite Sentinel-2 imagery. The study found that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was most effective for distinguishing dead spruce from healthy trees, with an accuracy of 97% using UAS imagery. The study results showed that the NDVI minimises cloud and dominant tree shadows and illumination differences during UAS imagery acquisition, keeping the NDVI relatively stable over sunny and cloudy weather conditions. Like the UAS case, the NDVI calculated from Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery was the most reliable index for spruce deadwood cover mapping using a binary threshold mask at a landscape scale. Based on accuracy assessment, the summer leaf-on period (June–July) was found to be the most appropriate for spruce deadwood mapping by S2 imagery with an accuracy of 85% and a deadwood detection rate of 83% in dense, close-canopy mixed conifer forests. The study found that the spruce deadwood was successfully classified by S2 imagery when the spatial extent of the isolated dead tree cluster allocated at least 5–7 Sentinel-2 pixels.
Fragmentation and Connectivity in dehesa Ecosystems Associated with Cerambyx spp. Dispersion and Control: A Graph-Theory Approach
Authors: Cidre-González Adrián , Rivas Carlos A. , Navarro-Cerrillo Rafael M.
Published: April 2024

Xylophagous insects play a crucial role in forest ecosystems, contributing to population dynamics. The “Cerambyx complex” (CC) constitutes an emerging pest in Mediterranean oak woodlands. We studied the fragmentation and connectivity of holm and cork oak stands in Andalusia (Spain), and the relationships with the current dispersion of CC, as well as the effect on the connectivity and dispersion patterns with the implementation of nests of a predator bird (Garrulus glandarius) to reduce insect populations in highly connected areas. The Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was used to assess the spatial distribution of CC. Connectivity was assessed using graphs theory (Graphab 2.6) to characterize the importance of patches and linkages for contributing to dispersal. We selected the Eurasian jay (G. glandarius) as a reference bird species to generate “barriers” to the dispersion of the CC. We used the probability of connectivity (PC) and the flux (F) to compare the effect of the introduction of Eurasian jay nets. Results showed an increasing trend in the distribution and incidence of CC during the period 2001–2016, resulting in 7.3% and 13.1% mortality rates for Q. ilex and Q. suber, respectively. The connectivity model using only Q. ilex and Q. suber forests as reference habitats was not enough to explain the distribution of CC. The value of PC and F metrics decreased by 38.09% and 20.59% by introducing 300 nests of Eurasian jay. Our methodology provides a pest management tool using connectivity metrics, which can be integrated with other variables to control pest outbreaks and pest dispersion.
Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (Rubus idaeus): A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Marino Mirko , Gardana Claudio , Rendine Marco , Klimis-Zacas Dorothy , Riso Patrizia , Porrini Marisa , Del Bo’ Cristian
Published: April 2024

Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composition. In this study, we aimed to determine the nutrient and non-nutrient compounds present in a freeze-dried red raspberry powder widely used by the food industry and consumers. The main sugars identified were fructose (12%), glucose (11%), and sucrose (11%). Twelve fatty acids were detected, with linoleic acid (46%), α-linolenic acid (20%), and oleic acid (15%) being the most abundant. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin C was the main hydro-soluble vitamin, while minerals, potassium, phosphorous, copper and magnesium were the most abundant, with concentrations ranging from 9 up to 96 mg/100 g, followed by manganese, iron and zinc, detected in the range 0.1–0.9 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis using UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS detection revealed the presence of Sanguiin H6 (0.4%), Lambertianin C (0.05%), and Sanguiin H-10 isomers (0.9%) as the main compounds. Among anthocyanins, the most representative compounds were cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. Our findings can serve as a reliable resource for the food industry, nutraceutical applications and for future investigations in the context of human health.
Fabrication of the Rapid Self-Assembly Hydrogels Loaded with Luteolin: Their Structural Characteristics and Protection Effect on Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Bi Xin , Peng Han , Xiong Hua , Xiao Lihua , Zhang Hua , Li Jiang , Sun Yong
Published: April 2024

Luteolin (LUT) is a fat-soluble flavonoid known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, its use in the food industry has been limited due to its low water solubility and bioavailability. In this study, hyaluronic acid, histidine, and luteolin were self-assembled to construct tubular network hydrogels (HHL) to improve the gastrointestinal stability, bioavailability, and stimulation response of LUT. As anticipated, the HHL hydrogel’s mechanical strength and adhesion allow it to withstand the challenging gastrointestinal environment and effectively extend the duration of drug presence in the body. In vivo anti-inflammatory experiments showed that HHL hydrogel could successfully alleviate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice by reducing intestinal inflammation and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, HHL hydrogel also regulated the intestinal microorganisms of mice and promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. The HHL hydrogel group demonstrated a notably superior treatment effect compared to the LUT group alone. The hydrogel delivery system is a novel method to improve the absorption of LUT, increasing its bioavailability and enhancing its pharmaceutical effects.
Dengue Transmission Dynamics: A Fractional-Order Approach with Compartmental Modeling
Authors: Meetei Mutum Zico , Zafar Shahbaz , Zaagan Abdullah A. , Mahnashi Ali M. , Idrees Muhammad
Published: April 2024

This work presents a quantitative analysis of the transmission dynamics of dengue using the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional-order derivative. It presents an extensive framework for modeling a dengue epidemic, including the various stages of infection and encompassing a wide range of transmission pathways. The proposed model is subjected to a rigorous qualitative study, including the determination of a non-negative solution, the assessment of the basic reproduction number, and an evaluation of local stability. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Newton method. The fractional-order operator, developed using the Caputo–Fabrizio approach, provides a refined perspective on the transmission dynamics of dengue. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the disease’s transmission mechanisms, considering both fractional-order dynamics and diverse transmission routes, thus offering insights for enhanced disease management and control.
A Delphi Study on Identifying Competencies in Virtual Healthcare for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Al Baalharith Ibrahim Mubarak , Aboshaiqah Ahmad Eissa
Published: April 2024

Background: Virtual care adoption accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for healthcare professionals to develop relevant competencies. However, limited evidence exists on the core competencies required for quality virtual care delivery. Objective: This study aimed to identify the critical competencies physicians, nurses, and other health professionals need for adequate virtual care provision in Saudi Arabia using a Delphi method. Methods: A 3-round Delphi technique was applied with a panel of 42 experts, including policymakers, healthcare professionals, academicians, and telehealth specialists. In Round 1, an open-ended questionnaire elicited competencies needed for virtual care. The competencies were distilled and rated for importance in Rounds 2 and 3 until consensus was achieved. Results: Consensus emerged on 151 competencies across 33 domains. The most prominent domains were communication (15 competencies), professionalism (13), leadership (12), health informatics (5), digital literacy (5), and clinical expertise (11).
Selection of Spectral Parameters and Optimization of Estimation Models for Soil Total Nitrogen Content during Fertilization Period in Apple Orchards
Authors: Gao Zhilin , Wang Wenqian , Wang Hongjia , Li Ruiyan
Published: April 2024

The rapid and accurate diagnosis of nitrogen content in apple orchard soil is of great significance for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in orchards to improve apple yield and quality. An apple orchard in Shuangquan Town, Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, was taken as the experimental area. The optimal method for extracting spectral characteristic bands and screening spectral characteristic indices (SCIs) of soil total nitrogen (TN) for independent and comprehensive fertilization periods was explored. Independent and comprehensive soil TN content estimation models were constructed and optimized for each and the entire fertilization period, respectively. The results show that compared with the correlation coefficient method, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) performs better in extracting hyperspectral characteristic bands of soil TN content. It helps to achieve a higher modeling accuracy, smaller root mean square error (RMSE), and is more conducive to avoiding the influence of multicollinearity of model variables. The sensitive areas of soil TN content in the SCI do not undergo significant changes due to different fertilization periods. Among them, the ratio spectral indices (RSIs) are in the range of 800–900 nm, 1900–1950 nm, and 2200–2300 nm, while the sensitive areas of the difference spectral index (DI) and Normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) are in the range of 1900–1950 nm and 2200–2300 nm. The combination of SCI and characteristic bands significantly improves the prediction accuracy of soil TN estimation models. The independent and comprehensive estimation models for each fertilization period based on the BP (back propagation) neural network optimized by the Mind Evolution Algorithm (MEA-BPNN) can achieve a more stable and accurate estimation of soil TN. Finally, using soil spectral characteristic bands selected through continuum removal (CR) transformation and SMLR, combined with SCI, the model based on the MEA-BPNN (CR-SCI-MEA-BPNN) has the best prediction performance. The modeling determination coefficients R2 for each fertilization period reached 0.94, 0.95, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively, with RMSE of 0.0032, 0.0024, 0.0035, and 0.0027. The R2 and RMSE of the modeling and validation set of the entire fertilization period comprehensive model are 0.899, 0.0038, and 0.89, 0.0041, respectively. The results of this article provide technical support for promoting the timely monitoring of soil TN content and guiding rational fertilization in apple orchards.
Developmental Trajectories of Cyber-Aggression among Early Adolescents in Canada: The Impact of Aggression, Gender, and Time Spent Online
Authors: Xiao Bowen , Parent Natasha , Bond Takara , Sam Johanna , Shapka Jennifer
Published: April 2024

The objective of the present study was to examine developmental trajectories of cyber-aggression in early adolescence, as well as their relationship with predictive factors related to cyber-aggression (e.g., overt aggression, gender, and time spent online). Participants were 384 adolescents from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada who were in grade six and grade seven at Time 1 of the study (192 boys, Mage = 13.62 years, SD = 0.74 year). Three years of longitudinal data on cyber-aggression, overt aggression, and time spent online were collected via online self-report questionnaires. Findings indicated three different trajectories of cyber-aggression: (a) a low-increasing (85.7% of the sample), (b) a stable trajectory (9.3% of the sample), and (c) a high-decreasing trajectory (4.9% of the sample). Adolescents who reported higher scores on overt aggression and spent more time online were more likely to be in the stable or high-decreasing groups. These findings highlight the importance of studying subgroups regarding the developmental course of cyber-aggression in early adolescence. The implications of present study findings give insight into gender differences and overt aggression among youth to inform cyber-aggression intervention and prevention.
Analysis of Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Desertification in Qilian Mountain National Park Based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Wang Naiang , Peng Simin , Meng Nan , Lv Haoyun
Published: April 2024

Notwithstanding the overall improvement in the ecological condition of the Qilian Mountains, there are localized occurrences of grassland degradation, desertification, and salinization. Moreover, timely and accurate acquisition of desertification information is a fundamental prerequisite for effective monitoring and prevention of desertification. Leveraging the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform in conjunction with machine learning techniques, this study aims to identify and extract the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification in the Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP) and its surroundings (QMNPs) spanning from 1988 to 2023. Results show that based on the random forest algorithm, the multi-index inversion methodology achieves a commendable overall accuracy of 91.9% in desertification extraction. From 1988 to 2023, the gravity center of light desertification shifts southeastward, while centers characterized by moderate, severe, and extremely severe desertification display a westward retreat with fluctuations. The area of sandy land shows an expansion trend in the medium term, but after 2018, desertification in QMNPs reversed. As of 2023, the sandy land area measured 16,897.35 km2, accounting for 18.29% of the total area of QMNPs. The insights garnered from this study provide a valuable reference for regional desertification prevention and control in the future.
Comprehensive Characterization of fucAO Operon Activation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Zhongge , Huo Jialu , Velo Juan , Zhou Harry , Flaherty Alex , Saier Milton H.
Published: April 2024

Wildtype Escherichia coli cells cannot grow on L-1,2-propanediol, as the fucAO operon within the fucose (fuc) regulon is thought to be silent in the absence of L-fucose. Little information is available concerning the transcriptional regulation of this operon. Here, we first confirm that fucAO operon expression is highly inducible by fucose and is primarily attributable to the upstream operon promoter, while the fucO promoter within the 3′-end of fucA is weak and uninducible. Using 5′RACE, we identify the actual transcriptional start site (TSS) of the main fucAO operon promoter, refuting the originally proposed TSS. Several lines of evidence are provided showing that the fucAO locus is within a transcriptionally repressed region on the chromosome. Operon activation is dependent on FucR and Crp but not SrsR. Two Crp-cAMP binding sites previously found in the regulatory region are validated, where the upstream site plays a more critical role than the downstream site in operon activation. Furthermore, two FucR binding sites are identified, where the downstream site near the first Crp site is more important than the upstream site. Operon transcription relies on Crp-cAMP to a greater degree than on FucR. Our data strongly suggest that FucR mainly functions to facilitate the binding of Crp to its upstream site, which in turn activates the fucAO promoter by efficiently recruiting RNA polymerase.
Effect of TRPV4 Antagonist GSK2798745 on Chlorine Gas-Induced Acute Lung Injury in a Swine Model
Authors: Vermillion Meghan S. , Saari Nathan , Bray Mathieu , Nelson Andrew M. , Bullard Robert L. , Rudolph Karin , Gigliotti Andrew P. , Brendler Jeffrey , Jantzi Jacob , Kuehl Philip J. , McDonald Jacob D. , Burgert Mark E. , Weber Waylon , Sucoloski Scott , Behm David J.
Published: April 2024

As a regulator of alveolo-capillary barrier integrity, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonism represents a promising strategy for reducing pulmonary edema secondary to chemical inhalation. In an experimental model of acute lung injury induced by exposure of anesthetized swine to chlorine gas by mechanical ventilation, the dose-dependent effects of TRPV4 inhibitor GSK2798745 were evaluated. Pulmonary function and oxygenation were measured hourly; airway responsiveness, wet-to-dry lung weight ratios, airway inflammation, and histopathology were assessed 24 h post-exposure. Exposure to 240 parts per million (ppm) chlorine gas for ≥50 min resulted in acute lung injury characterized by sustained changes in the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to the fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2), oxygenation index, peak inspiratory pressure, dynamic lung compliance, and respiratory system resistance over 24 h. Chlorine exposure also heightened airway response to methacholine and increased wet-to-dry lung weight ratios at 24 h. Following 55-min chlorine gas exposure, GSK2798745 marginally improved PaO2/FiO2, but did not impact lung function, airway responsiveness, wet-to-dry lung weight ratios, airway inflammation, or histopathology. In summary, in this swine model of chlorine gas-induced acute lung injury, GSK2798745 did not demonstrate a clinically relevant improvement of key disease endpoints.
Hfq-Antisense RNA I Binding Regulates RNase E-Dependent RNA Stability and ColE1 Plasmid Copy Number
Authors: Wang Wei-Syuan , Lin-Chao Sue
Published: April 2024

The mechanisms and consequences of gene regulation by Hfq on trans-encoded small RNAs (sRNAs) have been well studied and documented. Recent employment of Genomic SELEX to search for Hfq-binding motifs has indicated that Hfq might frequently regulate gene expression controlled by cis-antisense RNAs. Here, we use the classic ColE1 plasmid antisense RNA-based regulation model (i.e., RNA I) to study the role of Hfq in controlling antisense regulatory functions. We show that Hfq exhibits a high binding affinity for RNA I and that binding limits RNase E cleavage, thereby stabilizing RNA I and reducing the plasmid copy number. Full-length RNA I displays a binding affinity for Hfq in the sub-micromolar range. In vivo overexpression of Hfq prolongs RNA I stability and reduces the ColE1 plasmid copy number, whereas deletion of hfq reduces RNA I stability and increases the plasmid copy number. RNA I predominantly binds to the proximal face of Hfq and exhibits competitive ability against a chromosome-borne proximal face-bound sRNA (DsrA) for Hfq binding. Through its strong promoter and high gene dosage features, plasmid-encoded antisense RNA I results in high RNA I expression, so it may antagonize the effects of trans-encoded RNAs in controlling target gene expression.
Analysis of Arch Bridge Condition Data to Identify Network-Wide Controls and Trends
Authors: Campbell Kristopher , Lydon Myra , Stevens Nicola-Ann , Taylor Su
Published: April 2024

This paper outlines an initial analysis of 20 years of data held on an electronic bridge management database for approximately 3500 arch bridges across Northern Ireland (NI) by the Department for Infrastructure. Arch bridges represent the largest group of bridge types, making up nearly 56% of the total bridge stock in NI. This initial analysis aims to identify trends that might help inform maintenance decisions in the future. Consideration of the Bridge Condition Indicator (BCI) average value for the overall arch bridge stock indicates the potential for regional variations in the overall condition and the potential for human bias in inspections. The paper presents the most prevalent structural elements and associated defects recorded in the inspections of arch bridges. This indicated a link to scour and undermining for the worst-conditioned arch bridges. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis identified function, number of spans, and deck width as significant factors during the various deterioration stages in a bridge’s lifecycle.