bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twee Zusterkerken op Zoek Naar Elkaar
Authors: Cornelis J.
Published: March 2023

Les retrouvailles des Eglises Soeurs

En souscrivant à la thèse du Père Y. Congar exprimant que le schisme oriental s'est fait par un "estrangement" progressif et est constitué par l'acceptat.ion de eet "estrangement", l'auteur se pose la question s'il existe à présent la volonté de réconciliation et qu'on est décidé à abandonner la voie de l'„estrangement". La réponse à cette question est contenue dans une description globale des rencontres inespérées, des échanges généreux et des gestes significatifs qui se sont produits depuis une bonne douzaine d'années et qui ont favorisé Ie rapprochement psychologique et spirituel entre l' Eglise catholique et l' Eglise orthodoxe. C'est seulement après avoir examiné ce problèmc fondamental que l'auteur aborde certains points litigieux, comme Ie Filioque et la primauté papale, qui apparaissent maintenant sous un éclairage nouveau . Comme l'„estrangement" multiplie et grossit jusqu'à les dénaturer les obstacles à l' union, ainsi Ie rétablissement de la confiance et d' une affinité psychologique, baséc sur les liens d' une appartenancc commune à l' Eglise du Christ, dissipe les malentendus et fait disparaître les faux griefs.
Het Tweede Concilie van Lyon (1274) Beschouwingen bij het 7e Eeuwfeest
Authors: Gill J.
Published: March 2023

The Second Council of Lyons (1274). Reflections after Seven Centuries

The Council of Lyons was convoked by Gregory X primarily to launch a new crusade to regain the Holy Places. Union of the Churches, which the Greek Emperor, Michael VIII Palaeologus, had been using in his relations with the popes already for a dozen years to incline the popes to restrain a western attack on his Empire, would greatly facilitate a crusade. The Greeks were invited to the council provided there was some sign forthcoming of their having ended the schism dividing them from the Latin Church. With difficulty Michael persuaded the bulk of the Greek hierarchy to acknowledge the prerogatives of the Roman See — primacy of jurisdiction, right as a universal court of appeal, and commemoration of the popeʼs name in the oriental Liturgy — and on that basis to agree to union. Michael, himself, with a small hut sincere group, went further and accepted complete Roman faith including the Filioque doctrine. At Lyons the two delegates of the Greek Church wholeheartedly embraced union. The Council rejoiced and defined the double Procession of the Holy Spirit. In Constantinople opposition to the union was widespread, but the synod repeated its acceptance of the papal prerogatives. On the Holy Spirit it said nothing; seemingly it carefully avoided having the subject raised. Michael VIII, to satisfy Latin demands for a growing implementation of the union in the Empire had recourse to violence against his subjects. When he died in 1282 his name was execrated and the union was finished.
De Situatie van de Christenen in de Arabische Landen
Authors: Dousse M.
Published: March 2023

Les chrétiens dans le Proche Orient arabe

Les pays arabes du Proche Orient, comme lʼEgypte, le Liban, la Syrie, la Jordanie et lʼIrak, ont connu, particulièrement depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale, des mutations profondes, parmi lesquelles il faut mentionner avant tout le développement du nationalisme arabe. Il va sans dire que les chrétiens et les Eglises nʼont pas échappé à cette évolution. Malgré les souffrances du passé, malgré les problèmes découlant des nationalisations, les chrétiens se sentent les égaux de leurs compatriotes musulmans. Leur conscience croissante dʼêtre arabes les invite à quitter le ghetto dans lequel ils étaient enfermés et à entrer activement dans lʼévolution de leurs pays. On pourrait cependant se demander dans quelle mesure ces chrétiens engagés sont préparés à porter dans leur vie et leur activité le témoignage vécu de lʼévangile.
Diplomatieke Bescherming van de Katholieke Kerken in Het Osmaanse Rijk 1600 - 1914
Authors: Slot B. J.
Published: March 2023

Protection diplomatique des Eglises catholiques dans l'empire ottoman

Autour de 1600, il y avait dans l'empire ottoman une importante minorité chrétienne dont les différentes communautés étaient gouvernées selon leur propre statut juridique. A partir du 17e siècle, les puissances catholiques commencent à se soucier des Eglises catholiques en Turquie. Les diplomates européens se servent de leur influence pour obtenir des mesures en faveur des catholiques. C'est avant tout la France qui, de cette manière, cherche à renforcer sa prise politique sur l'empire ottoman. En se présentant comme la protectrice des chrétiens turcs, elle espère prendre la place de Venise comme la puissance européenne la plus influente en Turquie. Comme l'histoire Ie montre, les Français réussissent en grande partie à réaliser leur rêve, quoique les échecs ne leur soient pas épargnés. La situation change radicalement quand, après la première guerre mondiale, l'empire ottoman s'écroule.
Op weg Naar Een Panorthodox Concilie
Authors: Kallis A.
Published: March 2023

Die orthodoxe Kirche auf dem Weg zu einem panorthodoxen Konzil

Der Weg der orthodoxen Kirche zu einem panorthodoxen Konzil, den der ökumenische Patriarch Athenagoras von neuem anbahnte, erweist sich als sehr müh­ sam und problemreich. Die auftretenden Schwierigkeiten sind jedoch natürlich und für den Kenner der ostkirchlichen Geschichte völlig verständlich. Nach einer zwölf Jahrhunderte währenden konzilslosen Zeit muss die orthodoxe Kirche, für die zudem das ökumenische Konzil in wichtigen Fragen der Lehre und der Disziplin die einzige und höchste Autorität ist, tastend auf dem Konzilsweg voranschreiten. Daran fügt die im Laufe dieser Jahrhunderte entstandene neue politische und kirchliche Situation noch eine ganze Menge von schwer zu lösenden Problemen hinzu. Angesichts der Schwierigkeiten und des Ausbleibens von un ­ mittelbaren sensationellen Ergebnissen resigniert mancher und stellt die Abhaltung des Konzils in Frage. Doch im allgemeinen sind die Erwartungen hoch gespannt.
Dwazen om Christus’ Wil
Authors: Walter Chr.
Published: March 2023

Fools for Christ’s sake

The Greek and Russian Churches recognize the Holy Fools as a category of saints. Those who first became fools for Christ’s sake lived in primitive Egyptian and Syrian monasteries. They simulated folly, in order that their elevated spiritual condition should not be readily discerned. In Russia, the ideal of the Holy Fool, so far as we can judge from the rare authentic sources, was rather that of outspokenness before tyrants. Recent Russian writers have tended to combine the ideal of the Fool with that of the Innocent; this synthetic type of saint who fulfils to perfection the teaching of the Beatitudes, is not in conformity with the authentic Holy Fool. Western spiritual tradition includes persons who resemble the Holy Fools, although they have not been recognized as a category of saints. Harvey Cox’s Fool is presented as a Clown; he has in common with the Russian Fools a mission to challenge the absolutes of society which render impossible the full realisation of the human personality.
De Geest van de Oosterse Liturgie
Authors: Taft R.
Published: March 2023

The Spirit of Eastern Christian Worship

Several years ago a visitor from Western Europe is said to have asked patriarch Alexij of Moscow, how he would define the Russian Orthodox Church. The late patriarch rep lied:”A church that celebrates the Divine Liturgy“. This reply, surely disconcerting to the Western Christian, indicates the overriding role played by liturgy in the life of the Christian East. The Eeastern Church is before all else a Church that keeps vigil before God, celebrating the mysteries of His Son in the age-old rites passed on by the fathers in the faith.
Het Vaticaan in Oecumenische Beweging
Authors: Meijer J.
Published: March 2023

Le Vatican en mouvement oecuménique

Le concile du pape Jean XXIII a ouvert les portes de l'Eglise catholique à l'esprit oecuménique et donné naissance à l'espoir d'une prochaine réunion des Eglises. Mais eet espoir ne s'est pas réalisé. De l'optimisme des années soixante il ne reste plus rien. Pourquoi l'unité désirée n'est-elle pas venue? La raison principale en est qu'à Rome l'oecuménisme ne peut être que très difficile. Ce qui s'est passé pendant et après Ie concile n'é tait pas Ie résultat d'une évolution normale. C'était plutôt une secousse. C'est justement ce manque de régularité dans l'évolution qui entrave un développement ultérieur. Les difficultés actuelles ne sont pourtant pas insurmontaibles. Si Vatican II a été possible, l'on peut s'attendre à d'autres choses pour l'avenir.
Met het oog op het Oosten. Contacten van de russisch-orthodoxe kerk met het Midden-Oosten
Authors: de Haan Bonella
Published: March 2023

Im Hinblick auf den Osten. Kontakte der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche mit dem Nahen Osten

Obwohl man denken würde, dass die Kontakte der Russischen orthodoxen Kirche mil dem Nahen Osten vor der Revolution anders verliefen als heutzutage, weil sich die Lage, in der die Kirche sich befand/befindet, stark geändert hat, ist das nicht der Fall. Eigentlich war die Russische Kirche schon immer sehr abhängig vom Staat, und konnte sie heute wie früher nie selbst Kontakte mit Kirchen im Nahen Osten anknüpfen. Immer wurden diese Kontakte vom Staat geregelt und nur dann, wenn sich der Staat dazu entschied, dass es im Staatsinteresse besser war.
Het Probleem van de Geünieerde Kerken
Authors: Tavard G.
Published: March 2023

The Problem of the Uniate Churches

The current problem of the Uniate Churches is illustrated by an analysis of two major documents of Vatican Council ll. The decrees on the Oriental Churches and on Ecumenism were made with two different perspectives in mind. These correspond to two conceptions of the Church and its universality. On the one hand, there is the pyramidal ecclesiology of the Counter-Reformation, whose centralizing movement is focussed on the bishop of Rome. On the other, there is the recovery of an „ecclesiology of Communion”, where the universal Church is seen as a Communion of Communions, a Church of Churches. In the first case, the typical oriental Church is seen as already united with the bishop of Rome. In the second, it is an Orthodox Church, in co mm union with the Ecumenical Patriarch or one of the patriarchs of the Non-Chalcedonian Churches. Thus, two ecclesiologies compete in the Catholic mind. The ecclesiology of communion, now seen as the major force within Vatican II, has not been totally explored. The way of the universal Communion lies in a dialogue of the Uniate Churches with their Orthodox or Non-Chalcedonian counterparts, in view of restoring communion between them. In the ecumenical context now in the making, a double communion should be possible once the doctrinal orthodoxy and liturgical integrity of each side had been acknowledged. In this way, the Uniate Churches may still have a prophetic function.
De Vrede van de Kerk van Christus Herstellen
Authors: Houtepen A.W.J.
Published: March 2023

The restoration of peace in Christ’s Church: on the future of oecumenism between Roman Catholic and Orthodox believers

The celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Centre for Cooperation and Encounter with the Eastern Churches (AOK) leads us back to the beginning of the organized ecumenical movement in this century, especially the Lausanne Movement and Conference 1927, which makes clear that the Orthodox Churches were co-founders of the Ecumenical Movement from the very beginning, whereas Roman Catholics were latecomers. We have to be aware of a history of Western triumphalism over the Eastern Churches and of the wounds caused by the painful history of uniatism: unions that failed and missions which went too far. In spite of these historical hindrances and actual backdrops in the ecumenical movement caused by many loyality-conflicts between different patriarchal jurisdictions, dialogue and common witness with the Eastern Churches seems possible and necessary. Not only for peace and justice, but also for the sake of real catholicity and credibility of the Church. The Western Churches have to learn from the Tradition of the Eastern Churches, esp. with regard to the idea of God, the structures of the Church, the ordering of Christian Life and the need for a sound and viable spirituality for our times.
De Icoon van de Intocht in Jeruzalem
Authors: Jacobs A.
Published: March 2023

The icon of the Entry into Jerusalem

The first images of the Entry into Jerusalem are to be found on the sarcophagi dating back to the fourth and fifth centuries. The most famous sarcophagus is the one of Junius Bassus (fourth century). Christ is straddling on a donkey. Starting from the sixth century Christ is riding sidesaddle. Later on He is depicted looking back at his disciples.

The Entry into Jerusalem develops gradually from an essential and elementary composition into a complete story of the Entry, containing many details from the Gospels. The iconography of the Entry is more or less completed in the twelfth century. Later on we only find new details and different accents.

The Entry is a very important feast in the Eastern Churches. It is one of the twelve great feasts in the liturgical year. With a few exceptions, the action in the Entry into Jerusalem is depicted from the left to the right of the icons.
Teacher Shortages and Turnover in Rural Schools in the US: An Organizational Analysis
Authors: Ingersoll Richard M. , Tran Henry
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study is to provide an overall national portrait of elementary and secondary teacher shortages and teacher turnover in rural schools, comparing rural schools to suburban and urban schools. This study utilizes an organizational theoretical perspective focusing on the role of school organization and leadership in the causes of, and solutions to, teacher shortages and staffing problems. Data/Methods: The study entailed secondary statistical analyses of the nationally representative Schools and Staffing Survey, its successor the National Teacher Principal Survey, and their supplement the Teacher Follow-Up Survey, conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics. Findings: The analyses document that, contrast to urban and suburban schools, the student population and teaching force in rural schools has dramatically shrunk in recent decades, that despite this decrease in students, and demand for teachers, rural schools have faced serious difficulties filling their teaching positions, and that these teacher staffing problems are driven by high levels of preretirement teacher turnover. Moreover, the data document that teacher turnover varies greatly between different kinds of schools, is especially high in high-poverty rural schools, and is closely tied to the organizational characteristics and working conditions of rural schools. Implications: Research and reform on teacher shortages and turnover have focused on urban environments because of an assumption that schools in those settings suffer from the most serious staffing problems. This study shows that teacher shortages and teacher turnover in rural schools, while relatively neglected, have been as significant a problem as in other schools.
Seizures Following Self-Medication With Colloidal Silver: A Case Report
Authors: Hu Daniel , Yuen Cary
Published: March 2023

Silver-containing products have been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. Throughout the ages and indeed up until the present time, silver has been employed with the hopes of treating a myriad of diseases including the common cold, skin problems, infections, and even cancer. However, silver has no known biological role in human physiology, and taking silver may lead to adverse reactions. The better-known adverse reactions of silver include argyria, or a gray-blue cutaneous discoloration, which is a known effect of silver accumulation. Additionally renal or hepatic injury may also be experienced. Reports of neurological adverse reactions are rare, however, and the extant medical literature contains very few descriptions of such cases. We report herein a case of a 70 year old man who presented with seizures as the sole manifestation of silver toxicity after self-medicating with colloidal silver.
Career Anchors, Edgar Schein, and Me
Authors: Mirvis Philip H.
Published: March 2023

This essay is a “thank you” to Ed Schein whose research on career anchors (and many other topics) shaped my own career directions. It starts with a choice between paleontology versus psychology and ends with my career identity as a scholar-practitioner. Throughout, Ed was a personal and vicarious influencer, challenger, thinking partner, and friend. The “data” comes from conversations and interviews with Ed (my own and other's) and a personal reading of his studies, his career, and my own.
Comparing Foodie Calls in Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States: A Registered Replication Report
Authors: Orhan Mehmet A. , Collisson Brian , Howell Jennifer L. , Kowal Marta , Pollet Thomas V.
Published: March 2023

Collisson et al. (2020) found Dark Triad traits and gender role beliefs predicted “foodie calls,” a phenomenon where people go on a date with others, to whom they are not attracted, for a free meal. Because gender roles and dating norms differ across cultures, we conducted a registered replication across different cultures by surveying 1838 heterosexual women from Poland, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Relying on the structural equation modeling, as conducted in the original study, our findings revealed gender role beliefs best predicted foodie calls and their perceived acceptability, whereas the Dark Triad’s general factor was nonsignificant. Analyses at the country level yielded mixed results. The original findings were replicated in the UK and Poland, but not in the US, where only narcissism predicted foodie calls. In the US, gender role beliefs predicted foodie call acceptability, but the Dark Triad general factor did not. Potential reasons for why traditional gender roles, but not the Dark Triad, predicted foodie calls in the US are discussed.
Fabrication of ecofriendly composites using low-density polyethylene and sugarcane bagasse: Characteristics’ degradation
Authors: Saber Dalia , Abdelnaby Asmaa H , Abdelhaleim Ayman M
Published: March 2023

In recent years, research into replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers as reinforcements in thermoplastic composites has developed rapidly. The main objective of this work is to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective composite material. This material consists of natural fiber of sugarcane bagasse as the reinforcing component and thermoplastic polymer of low-density polyethylene as a matrix. The injection molding technique was used to produce the test samples. The fabricated composite contained 30 wt.% sugarcane bagasse. The effects of natural fiber sugarcane bagasse content, chemical treatment, and the addition of maleic anhydride as coupling agent on the composite degradation were studied. The degradation of sugarcane bagasse/low-density polyethylene composite under ultraviolet radiation and the thermal degradation were investigated. In addition, the amount of absorbance ultraviolet radiation by the fabricated composites was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in the range from 200–800 nm. The effect of carbon black particles added to the fabricated composite on the degradation by ultraviolet exposure was also investigated. The results showed that the compatibilized sugarcane bagasse/low-density polyethylene composites at 3 wt.% maleic anhydride concentration revealed a higher decomposition temperature (466°C) than that of the uncompatibilized composites (460°C). This ensures that the thermal degradation temperature was improved by using the maleic anhydride coupling agent. Moreover, using the coupling agent showed significant resistance to degradation by ultraviolet exposure. Furthermore, the addition of 2.5 wt.% carbon black enabled more resistance to degradation by ultraviolet exposure.
Religion and art
Authors: Harrison Ted
Published: March 2023

A meditation on religion and art first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 by the broadcast journalist, producer, artist and theological commentator Ted Harrison.
The New Testament Gospels and other gospels: two contrasting views
Authors: Burridge Richard A.
Published: March 2023

A critical review article of Simon Gathercole’s The Gospel and the Gospels and Francis Watson’s What Is a Gospel?
The Rise, Fall, and Rise Again of Communication as a Disciplinary Signifier in Australia: After the “Cultural Turn” and the “Digital Turn”
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: March 2023

Communication as a discipline has a curious double life, being both disavowed in favor of something else, yet remains as a conceptual anchor point for a diverse range of intellectual projects. This argument focuses upon four challenges, or “turns,” that communication as a field has experienced: the “cultural turn” associated with cultural studies; the global turn; the “creative turn”; and the “digital turn” associated with the Internet and social media. It is observed that these have been collectively incorporated into a broadened communication field, and that concepts associated with communication remain relevant to other disciplines and fields.
Association of CTNND2 gene polymorphism with schizophrenia: Two-sample case-control study in Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Zhaonian , Li Xiaojing , Cui Xiangzheng , Zhang Luwen , Liu Qing , Lu Yanli , Wang Xiujuan , Shi Han , Ding Minli , Yang Yongfeng , Li Wenqiang , Lv Luxian
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Catenin Delta 2 (CTNND2) is one of the genes regulating neuronal development in the brain. It is unclear whether CTNND2 is involved in SZ. With the hypothesis that CTNND2 may be a risk gene for SZ, we performed a case-control association analysis to investigate if CTNND2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated in SZ in a Han Chinese population.

Materials and Methods

We recruited subjects from 2010 to 2022 from the Han population of northern Henan and divided them into two case-control samples, including a discovery sample (SZ = 528 and controls = 528) and replication sample (SZ = 2458 and controls = 6914). Twenty-one SNPs were genotyped on the Illumina BeadStation 500G platform using GoldenGate technology and analyzed by PLINK. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess clinical symptoms.

Results

Rs16901943, rs7733427, and rs2168878 SNPs were associated with SZ (Chi2 = 7.484, 11.576, and 5.391, respectively, df = 1; p = 0.006, 0.00067, and 0.02, respectively) in the two samples. Rs10058868 was associated with SZ in male patients in the discovery sample (Chi2 = 6.264, df = 1, p = .044). Only the relationship with rs7733427 survived Bonferroni correction. Linkage disequilibrium block three haplotypes were associated with SZ in the discovery and total sample. PANSS analysis of the four SNPs implicated rs10058868 and rs2168878 in symptoms of depression and excitement, respectively, in the patients with SZ.

Conclusion

Four SNPs of the CTNND2 gene were identified as being correlated with SZ. This gene may be involved in susceptibility to SZ.
Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Black Women’s Sleep Health
Authors: Erving Christy L. , Zajdel Rachel , McKinnon Izraelle I. , Van Dyke Miriam E. , Murden Raphiel J. , Johnson Dayna A. , Moore Reneé H. , Lewis Tené T.
Published: March 2023

Gendered racial microaggressions reflect historical and contemporary gendered racism that Black women encounter. Although gendered racial microaggressions are related to psychological outcomes, it is unclear if such experiences are related to sleep health. Moreover, the health effects of gendered racial microaggressions dimensions are rarely investigated. Using a cohort of Black women (N = 400), this study employs an intracategorical intersectional approach to (1) investigate the association between gendered racial microaggressions and sleep health, (2) assess whether gendered racial microaggressions dimensions are related to sleep health, and (3) examine whether the gendered racial microaggressions–sleep health association persists after accounting for depressive symptoms and worry. Gendered racial microaggressions were associated with poor sleep quality overall and four specific domains: subjective sleep quality, latency, disturbance, and daytime sleepiness. Two gendered racial microaggressions dimensions were especially detrimental for sleep: assumptions of beauty/sexual objectification and feeling silenced and marginalized. After accounting for mental health, the effect of gendered racial microaggressions on sleep was reduced by 47 percent. Future research implications are discussed.
Internal and International Migration and the Mental Health of “Left-Behind” Older Parents
Authors: Thapa Deependra Kaji , Visentin Denis , Kornhaber Rachel , Cleary Michelle
Published: March 2023

Despite evidence of the impact of adult children's migration on left-behind older parents, the comparison of left-behind older parents’ mental health and psychological well-being between internal and international migration is limited. This article examines how the relationship between adult children's migration and parent's mental health differs according to the migrant's destination — only internal migration, only international migration, or hybrid migration (at least one child who migrated internally and at least one child who migrated internationally). Drawing on a 2019 cross-sectional population-based survey of 697 left-behind older adults (≥ 60 years) in Nepal, we assessed the mental health of older parents, using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and a range of socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, and child-related characteristics. Multilevel mixed-method linear regression was performed to examine the effect of adult children's migration on left-behind older parents’ depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Results showed that parents whose children had all migrated internationally were at higher risk of mental health problems, particularly anxiety and stress, compared to parents whose children had all migrated internally. Older parents from the hybrid group (having both internal and international migrant adult children) had higher levels of anxiety, compared to parents whose children had all migrated internally, with no significant difference in depression and stress symptoms. Further, mothers of internationally migrated children were at higher risk of mental health symptoms than fathers. Interventions aiming to improve left-behind older parents’ mental health and psychological well-being should specifically target parents whose children have migrated internationally.
Book review: Sebastian Schwecke, Debt, Trust, and Reputation: Extra-legal Finance in Northern India
Authors: Roy Tirthankar
Published: March 2023

Sebastian Schwecke, Debt, Trust, and Reputation: Extra-legal Finance in Northern India, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, xiv + 372 pp., ₹995.00. ISBN: 978-1316517260.
Superior sagittal sinus flow as a proxy for tracking global cerebral blood flow dynamics during wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Caporale Alessandra S , Barclay Alexander M , Xu Jing , Rao Hengyi , Lee Hyunyeol , Langham Michael C , Detre John A , Wehrli Felix W
Published: March 2023

Sleep, a state of reduced consciousness, affects brain oxygen metabolism and lowers cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). Previously, we quantified CMRO2 during sleep via Fick’s Principle, with a single-band MRI sequence measuring both hemoglobin O2 saturation (SvO2) and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) blood flow, which was upscaled to obtain total cerebral blood flow (tCBF). The procedure involves a brief initial calibration scan to determine the upscaling factor (fc), assumed state-invariant. Here, we used a dual-band sequence to simultaneously provide SvO2 in SSS and tCBF in the neck every 16 seconds, allowing quantification of fc dynamically. Ten healthy subjects were scanned by MRI with simultaneous EEG for 80 minutes, yielding 300 temporal image frames per subject. Four volunteers achieved slow-wave sleep (SWS), as evidenced by increased δ-wave activity (per American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria). SWS was maintained for 13.5 ± 7.0 minutes, with CMRO2 28.6 ± 5.5% lower than pre-sleep wakefulness. Importantly, there was negligible bias between tCBF obtained by upscaling SSS-blood flow, and tCBF measured directly in the inflowing arteries of the neck (intra-class correlation 0.95 ± 0.04, averaged across all subjects), showing that the single-band approach is a valid substitute for quantifying tCBF, simplifying image data collection and analysis without sacrificing accuracy.
Detection of Emotions in Artworks Using a Convolutional Neural Network Trained on Non-Artistic Images: A Methodology to Reduce the Cross-Depiction Problem
Authors: González-Martín César , Carrasco Miguel , Wachter Wielandt Thomas Gustavo
Published: March 2023

This research is framed within the study of automatic recognition of emotions in artworks, proposing a methodology to improve performance in detecting emotions when a network is trained with an image type different from the entry type, which is known as the cross-depiction problem. To achieve this, we used the QuickShift algorithm, which simplifies images’ resources, and applied it to the Open Affective Standardized Image (OASIS) dataset as well as the WikiArt Emotion dataset. Both datasets are also unified under a binary emotional system. Subsequently, a model was trained based on a convolutional neural network using OASIS as a learning base, in order to then be applied on the WikiArt Emotion dataset. The results show an improvement in the general prediction performance when applying QuickShift (73% overall). However, we can observe that artistic style influences the results, with minimalist art being incompatible with the methodology proposed.
The shape-shifting form of UK floodplains: Fusing analysis of the territorially constructed with analysis of natural terrain processes
Authors: Lewin John , O’Shea Tom
Published: March 2023

Physically, river floodplains have both the subdued morphology of natural terrain created as extreme discharges and sediments pass through catchment drainage systems and, to an increasing extent, the forms that arise from purposeful human constructions. Together, these direct out-of-channel inundation. As defined here, ‘territories’ and their humanly constructed physical forms have historically consumed or modified naturally created ‘terrains’ in a collection of actions that we summarize as ‘morphophagia’. A more inclusive physical geography is presented, adding-in explanations for the evolutionary phasing of humanly-generated, but environmentally functioning, physical forms in the UK in the Modern Era (since c.1500 CE). Floodplain developments here took place in five main episodes of historically-contingent accumulation: the Early Modern (c.1500–1780 CE) started with a framework of purposeful owned land, and then followed periods that can be related to Kondratieff global economic phases (c.1790–1840,1840–1900,1900–1947,1947–2000 CE). Three different groups of forcings operated: (1) the compartmentalizing and patched infill patterns set by territorial units, rights and developer ownerships; (2) the availability, motivations and timings for capital and labour investment; and (3) the evolving technical possibilities exploited by entrepreneurs and agents. Epistemic frameworks for broadening the analysis of coupled terrain and territory systems, exploring actuating social forces as much as their symptomatic physical outcomes, are discussed. Globally, there have been different forcings, timings and emplacement layouts operating at scales from local river reaches to city expansion and economic regions. As perceptions of environmental stasis now disintegrate, enthusiasm for reinvigorating economic growth, with further population increase and sprawling construction may, as in the past, discount the hazards of floodplain occupation. When and why risky anthropo-physical floodplain emplacements occur needs greater systematic understanding as social and economic initiatives are being considered.
Activity Schedule Modeling Using Machine Learning
Authors: Koushik Anil , Manoj M , Nezamuddin N , Prathosh AP
Published: March 2023

A novel data-driven approach for activity schedule modeling is presented in this paper. The paper’s contribution is twofold. First, the activity schedule is modeled as a time series to facilitate simultaneous prediction of activity participation, start times, and duration. Simultaneous prediction helps avoid assuming a predefined decision structure and allows all possible interdependencies among these choice facets to be modeled. The time series representation also ensures time budget constraints are automatically satisfied. Second, a machine learning tool called long short-term memory (LSTM) network is used to model the time series. The LSTM’s ability to model long-term dependencies ensures that activity patterns are generated considering the influence of distant and recent past. A bidirectional LSTM is used to capture the effect of (planned) future activities on the present activity participation. The model derives all the relations from the data without requiring assumptions by the modeler on the decision-making behavior. Further, the problems arising from class imbalance in the schedule caused due to less frequently performed activities are also explored and addressed. The models are calibrated and validated using the activity-travel diary data from the OViN 2016 dataset. To evaluate the robustness of the model, it is also tested on a time budget dataset with 23 different activity types. The results indicate that the proposed method can predict the distributions of activity start times and duration with reasonable accuracy. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently model activity schedules and can be a useful tool for travel demand modeling.
Development of a Real-Time Wheel Load Quantification System for the Transit Environment
Authors: Mueller Daniel , Lima Arthur de O , Edwards J. Riley , Dersch Marcus S.
Published: March 2023

With recent (prepandemic) growth in both transit ridership and the number of passenger rail systems nationwide, researchers have been increasingly interested in quantifying the rail transit loading environment. Research that stemmed from this renewed interest provided engineers with greater insights into the loading demands placed on the track structure of heavy, light, and commuter rail systems. Although results from this earlier work were useful in a general manner, it was not possible to provide agencies with immediately actionable information on wheel loads, since the relevant data were analyzed and reported at a later date. As a result, agencies were unable to monitor their rolling stock wheel health in real time. In addition, trend analysis was not possible because it was not feasible to track specific wheels over time. To address these limitations, researchers at the University of Illinois have developed an economical system that both provides real-time notifications to transit agencies when it detects problematic loading conditions, and tracks specific wheels over time. This paper provides a framework for installing and launching this real-time wheel health monitoring system that transit agencies can replicate, as well as presents some preliminary data that have been collected. By receiving actionable wheel load data and better understanding the wheel deterioration trends present on their networks, agencies can remove bad actor wheels from service before they damage the track structure, improving the state of good repair. In addition, a more thorough understanding of the loading environment will allow them to plan maintenance and design more effectively.
Degraded Ballast Stiffness Characterization Using Bender Element Field Sensor and PANDA® Penetrometer
Authors: Kang Mingu , Wang Han , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol , Haddani Younes , Bankston Adam
Published: March 2023

The progressive degradation of railway ballast over time increases the degree of ballast fouling and poses significant drainability concerns leading to frequent maintenance activities. To avoid such issues, an effective and continuous characterization of the physical properties of the ballast layer is deemed necessary. This paper introduces the combined use of a bender element (BE) piezoelectric field sensor and a PANDA® dynamic cone penetrometer for periodic evaluations of ballast condition over the traffic use. To simulate various levels of ballast degradation, box tests were conducted using a dolomitic ballast material compacted in a laboratory-sized testbed with fouling indices ranging from zero to 39%. BE sensor pairs were embedded in the ballast layer to calculate the small strain modulus behavior of the ballast assessed through shear wave velocity measurements under different confinement conditions. Strength profiles of the ballast at different fouling levels were also measured using the PANDA® penetrometer. Experimental findings from both test methods indicate the existence of a dense state of ballast linked to a certain fouling index that maximized stiffness and strength characteristics of the tested ballast in dry condition. Accordingly, the potential use of BE field sensors embedded within in-service ballasted track coupled with periodic penetration testing can be a viable approach to evaluate ballast layer degradation. Various void packing conditions associated with ballast fouling levels can be linked to important ballast layer modulus and strength behavior. Further, such smart sensing of ballasted track behavior can provide long-term performance monitoring solutions for ballast cleaning and maintenance scheduling.
Population Crisis in Interwar Czechoslovakia: Building up a Healthy Family
Authors: Jakobyová Barbora
Published: March 2023

A population problem represented by the declining birth rate came to the focus of experts’ and politicians’ attention in interwar Czechoslovakia. Significant activities concerning the decrease in quantity and alleged population quality were pursued within the broad spectrum of experts who questioned the nation's future. Drawing from the concept of biopolitics, this article demonstrates through the analysis of medical discourse how medical professionals and social workers together with counseling bureaux, foregrounded the idea of a healthy family, primarily inspired by a (pseudo)science of eugenics, in order to maintain appropriate quantitative and qualitative population development. This article aims to expand the body of knowledge on experts’ attitudes toward demographic trends in interwar Czechoslovakia and to draw attention to two types of counseling bureaux and their role in reproductive policy. While the idea of eugenic premarital bureaux was explicitly linked to the eugenic movement that aimed at discouraging the reproduction of people identified as inferior, the role of counseling bureaux for mothers and children regarding family planning and reproduction remains overshadowed by their mission of medico-social care for children.
Examining the Effects of a Real-Time, Knowledge-Aware Tool for Academic Writing Assessment
Authors: Li Xu , Ouyang Fan , Liu Jianwen , Wei Chengkun , Chen Wenzhi
Published: March 2023

The computer-supported writing assessment (CSWA) has been widely used to reduce instructor workload and provide real-time feedback. Interpretability of CSWA draws extensive attention because it can benefit the validity, transparency, and knowledge-aware feedback of academic writing assessments. This study proposes a novel assessment tool, EduNERScore, which enables raters to identify different types of domain knowledge from unstructured educational texts and strengthen the interpretation of assessment through knowledge-aware evidence. This research uses an educational experiment to examine raters’ validity, efficiency, interpretability and user perception with and without the support of EduNERScore. The findings show that the experimental group with the support of EduNERScore achieves human-expert validity, high efficiency, interpretability and good use perception, compared with the control group. Finally, based on the empirical results, this research discusses the technological and educational implications for developing and applying the interpretable CSWA system in education.
Tracing the evolution of personality cognition in early human civilisations: A computational analysis of the Gilgamesh epic
Authors: Du Amy He , Karl Johannes A. , Fetvadjiev Velichko , Luczak-Roesch Markus , Pirngruber Reinhard , Fischer Ronald
Published: March 2023

Assessing evolution of cognitive structures across historical periods has remained challenging in the absence of direct access to humans from the past. Overcoming some of these challenges, we examined shifts in the implicit cognitive structures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is one of the earliest surviving pieces of literature, circulating in various versions over a period of approx. 2000 years in ancient Mesopotamia. Using a canonical English translation, we applied natural language processing (NLP) and human coding to extract low-dimensional representations of the implicit personality structure in three different historical epochs. We found systematic shifts over time with increasing complexity and increasing resemblance of contemporary personality models in later periods. We discuss how lexical analyses of ancient texts using trait co-occurrence analyses can provide novel insights on the evolution of human behaviour of relevance for contemporary social and behavioural science and the study of ancient societies.
Maxillary Ameloblastoma in an Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)
Authors: McCleery Brynn , Thurber Mary , Lux Cassie N. , Schumacher Juergen
Published: March 2023

An approximately 30-year-old intact female Asiatic black bear ( Ursus thibetanus) was presented for annual examination and a history of ptyalism. A large 9.5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm, firm, round mass was identified attached to the hard palate on physical examination. A computed tomography scan was performed, and the heterogeneous, mineral-attenuating mass was seen arising from the right aspect of the palatine bone and extending rostrally to the level of the last maxillary molars, caudally into the oropharynx, and dorsally into the nasal choana. Surgical debulking was performed to remove the portion of the mass within the oral cavity. Histopathologic analysis was consistent with a keratinizing ameloblastoma. Nine months postoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic for the tumor. The patient was euthanized 23-months postoperatively, and severe diffuse pustular dermatitis, growth of the ameloblastoma on the hard palate, and various degenerative and aging changes were noted on necropsy at that time. This is the first report of an ameloblastoma in a member of the Ursidae family.
Experimental analysis on thermophysical properties of clay found in geographical areas of India and their ability to cool water for semi-arid climate regions
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Sharma Amit
Published: March 2023

The Thermo physical behaviour of soil is the fundamental behaviour and plays significant position in its “utilization” as “electrical and heat insulation”. However, numerous “researchers have studied” thermo-physical properties of soil. Still, the study on the relationship between soil's properties and its cooling effect through evaporation has not been investigated in detail. In this analysis, soil samples and earthen pots were collected from four states of India: Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The performance parameters used to evaluate the cooling effect of the soil, and earthen pot samples are “water-holding capacity”, porosity, “thermal-conductivity”, texture, and particle and bulk density. The application of “high temperature” fluctuate the “internal microstructure” of clay/soil and subsequently disturbs its “physical and thermal properties”. The sand/clay is converted into an earthen pot by applying high temperatures in kilns. The pot samples collected are heated in kilns to bring them to the final form for the study. We are studying the properties after that treatment. In this paper, the impact of “firing temperature” (maximum 900°C) on the “thermo-physical properties” of earthen pots made up of soil of a similar kind as the soil samples collected and the impact of thermo-physical properties on the cooling of the earthen pots has been examined via experiments. The results specify that the “thermal conductivity” of soil/clay samples is less compared to earthen pot. The “porosity and water-holding capacity” of the soil are greater than earthen pots because pore space or pore volume has decreased due to the heating effect. From the experimental analysis, it was found that the soil of the Sohna location in Haryana state has a high water cooling capacity due to its high water-holding (49.28%) capacity and porosity (48.75%). The pot made out of clay, having higher porosity, and water-holding capacity, gives the maximum cooling temperature.
Comparative Phytochemical Profiling (GC-MS and HPLC) and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Wild, in Vitro Cultured and Greenhouse Plants of Kaempferia grandifolia Saensouk and Jenjitt and Kaempferia siamensis Sirirugsa; Rare Plant Species in Thailand
Authors: Nonthalee Sukanya , Maneechai Suthira , Saensouk Surapon , Saensouk Piyaporn
Published: March 2023

Background

Kaempferia grandifolia and Kaempferia siamensis are rare plant species in Thailand used for medicinal, food, and ornamental purposes.

Objectives

To compare the phytochemical profiles of leaf and rhizome extracts from wild, in vitro culture, and greenhouse plants of K. grandifolia and K. siamensis.

Materials and Methods

Leaf and rhizome were extracted and analyzed phytochemically by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Antioxidant activities were examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays.

Results

The results of HPLC analysis showed that the main compounds found in all plants were p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin. GC-MS results revealed 38 compounds in K. grandifolia and 19 compounds in K. siamensis. Major constituents in the leaf and rhizome extracts were 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, hexadecanamide, and octadecanamide. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of leaf extracts decreased from wild to in vitro cultured and greenhouse plants, respectively, whereas rhizome extract contents increased from wild to greenhouse plants. Antioxidant activities of rhizome extracts showed higher activity than leaf extracts in DPPH and ABTS assays.

Conclusion

The present research is the first report to study the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of these plants. Rhizome extracts of K. grandifolia and K. siamensis in greenhouse plants presented the highest phenolic and high free radical scavenging activity compared to rhizome extracts of wild plant. The phytochemical profiles of the compounds found in the K. grandifolia and K. siamensis extracts showed that these plants have potential for future health benefits.