bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue-resident CD8
+
T cells drive compartmentalized and chronic autoimmune damage against CNS neurons
Authors: Frieser David , Pignata Aurora , Khajavi Leila , Shlesinger Danielle , Gonzalez-Fierro Carmen , Nguyen Xuan-Hung , Yermanos Alexander , Merkler Doron , Höftberger Romana , Desestret Virginie , Mair Katharina M. , Bauer Jan , Masson Frederick , Liblau Roland S.
Published: April 2022

The mechanisms underlying the chronicity of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether tissue-resident memory T cells (T
RM
) contribute to lesion pathogenesis during chronic CNS autoimmunity. Here, we observed that a high frequency of brain-infiltrating CD8
+
T cells exhibit a T
RM
-like phenotype in human autoimmune encephalitis. Using mouse models of neuronal autoimmunity and a combination of T single-cell transcriptomics, high-dimensional flow cytometry, and histopathology, we found that pathogenic CD8
+
T cells behind the blood-brain barrier adopt a characteristic T
RM
differentiation program, and we revealed their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In the diseased CNS, autoreactive tissue-resident CD8
+
T cells sustained focal neuroinflammation and progressive loss of neurons, independently of recirculating CD8
+
T cells. Consistently, a large fraction of autoreactive tissue-resident CD8
+
T cells exhibited proliferative potential as well as proinflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Persistence of tissue-resident CD8
+
T cells in the CNS and their functional output, but not their initial differentiation, were crucially dependent on CD4
+
T cells. Collectively, our results point to tissue-resident CD8
+
T cells as essential drivers of chronic CNS autoimmunity and suggest that therapies targeting this compartmentalized autoreactive T cell subset might be effective for treating CNS autoimmune diseases.
Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella variicola Isolated in the Urine of Healthy Bovine Heifers, a Potential Risk as an Emerging Human Pathogen
Authors: Giannattasio-Ferraz Silvia , Ene Adriana , Johnson Genevieve , Maskeri Laura , Oliveira André Penido , Banerjee Swarnali , Barbosa-Stancioli Edel F. , Putonti Catherine
Published: April 2022

Klebsiella variicola
is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. It also has been associated with bovine mastitis, which can have significant economic effects.
The RNA-Binding Protein ProQ Impacts Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Second Messenger Cyclic di-GMP Signaling in the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Yuan Xiaochen , Eldred Lauren I. , Kharadi Roshni R. , Slack Suzanne M. , Sundin George W.
Published: April 2022

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium
Erwinia amylovora
, is an important disease affecting many rosaceous plants, including apple and pear, that can lead to devastating economic losses worldwide. Similar to many xylem-invading pathogens,
E. amylovora
forms biofilms that rely on the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs).
Controlled Proteolysis of an Essential Virulence Determinant Dictates Infectivity of Lyme Disease Pathogens
Authors: Thakur Meghna , Bista Sandhya , Foor Shelby D. , Dutta Shraboni , Yang Xiuli , Ronzetti Michael , Rana Vipin S. , Kitsou Chrysoula , Linden Sara B. , Altieri Amanda S. , Baljinnyam Bolormaa , Nelson Daniel C. , Simeonov Anton , Pal Utpal
Published: April 2022

The
Borrelia burgdorferi
BB0323 protein undergoes a complex yet poorly defined proteolytic maturation event that generates N-terminal and C-terminal proteins with essential functions in cell growth and infection. Here, we report that a borrelial protease,
B. burgdorferi
high temperature requirement A protease (BbHtrA), cleaves BB0323 between asparagine (N) and leucine (L) at positions 236 and 237, while the replacement of these residues with alanine in the mutant protein prevents its cleavage, despite preserving its normal secondary structure.
The Atypical Antipsychotic Quetiapine Promotes Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kyono Yasuhiro , Ellezian Lori , Hu YueYue , Eliadis Kanella , Moy Junlone , Hirsch Elizabeth B. , Federle Michael J. , Flowers Stephanie A.
Published: April 2022

AAP medication is a cornerstone in the treatment of serious psychiatric disease. The AAPs are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; therefore, a potential unintended risk of long-term AAP use may be the emergence of AMR, although such risk has received little attention.
Pangenome Evolution Reconciles Robustness and Instability of Rhizobial Symbiosis
Authors: Weisberg Alexandra J. , Rahman Arafat , Backus Dakota , Tyavanagimatt Parinita , Chang Jeff H. , Sachs Joel L.
Published: April 2022

Genetic variation is fundamental to evolution yet is paradoxical in symbiosis. Symbionts exhibit extensive variation in the magnitude of services they provide despite hosts having mechanisms to select and increase the abundance of beneficial genotypes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Bacterial Strains Isolated from Sediment of the South China Sea
Authors: Ishaq Sidra Erum , Ahmad Tariq , Hou Jialin , Liang Lewen , Wang Yinzhao , Wang Fengping
Published: April 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of four bacterial isolates from sediment of the South China Sea. Three of the isolates belong to the class
Alphaproteobacteria
and encode complete SoxXAYZBCD gene clusters, related to thiosulfate oxidation, while one isolate belongs to the class
Opitutae
and possesses a total of 397 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), related to predicted polysaccharide degradation.
Plasmid Viability Depends on the Ecological Setting of Hosts within a Multiplasmid Community
Authors: Given Cindy , Penttinen Reetta , Jalasvuori Matti
Published: April 2022

Conjugative and mobilizable plasmids are ubiquitous in bacterial systems. Several different plasmids can compete within a single bacterial community.
The Airway Microbiota Signatures of Infection and Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Su Jin , Li Chun-xi , Liu Hai-yue , Lian Qiao-yan , Chen Ao , You Zhi-xuan , Li Kun , Cai Yu-hang , Lin Yan-xia , Pan Jian-bing , Zhang Guo-xia , Ju Chun-rong , You Chang-xuan , He Jian-xing
Published: April 2022

Survival after LT is limited compared with other solid organ transplantations mainly due to infection- and rejection-related complications. Differentiating infection from rejection is one of the most important challenges to face after LT.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Diagnosis among Household Contacts in a High Tuberculosis-Burden Area: a Comparison between Transcript Signature and Interferon Gamma Release Assay
Authors: Kaul Sheetal , Nair Vivek , Birla Shweta , Dhawan Shikha , Rathore Sumit , Khanna Vishal , Lohiya Sheelu , Ali Shakir , Mannan Shamim , Rade Kirankumar , Malhotra Pawan , Gupta Dinesh , Khanna Ashwani , Mohmmed Asif
Published: April 2022

The study compares potential of transcript signature and IGRA to diagnose LTBI. It is first of its kind study to screen household contacts (HHCs) in high TB burden area of India. A transcript signature (
FCGR1B, GBP1
, &
GBP5
) is identified as potential biomarker for LTBI. These results can lead to development of point-of-care (POC) like device for LTBI screening in a high TB burdened area.
Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Potential Pathogenicity and Slow-Growth Characteristics of Genus
Brevundimonas
and Description of
Brevundimonas pishanensis
sp. nov.
Authors: Huang Zhenzhou , Yu Keyi , Xiao Yue , Wang Yonglu , Xiao Di , Wang Duochun
Published: April 2022

Brevundimonas
spp., a group of bacteria from the family
Caulobacteraceae
, is associated with nosocomial infections, deserve widespread attention. Our study elucidated genes potentially associated with the pathogenicity of the
Brevundimonas
genus.
Enhancing Metabolic Efficiency through Optimizing Metabolizable Protein Profile in a Time Progressive Manner with Weaned Goats as a Model: Involvement of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Min , Zhou Chuanshe , Jiao Jinzhen , Tan Zhiliang
Published: April 2022

Precise dietary intervention in early-life gastrointestinal microbiota has significant implications in the long-life productivity and health of young ruminants, as well as in lowering their environmental footprint. Here, using weaned goats as a model, we report that animals adapted to high rumen-undegradable protein diet in a dynamic manner by enriching fecal community that could effectively move toward and scavenge nutrients such as glucose and amino acids and, thereafter, elicit butyrate and BCAA production.
Microspheres in the Silurian of the Altai Mountains: Morphology, Chemical Composition, Biomineralization, and Genesis
Authors: Sennikov N. V. , Novozhilova N. V. , Khabibulina R. A. , Luchinina V. A.
Published: April 2022

The study of Silurian sediments in the central part of the Altai Mountains (Gorny Altai) by limestone dissolution has revealed two groups of spherical objects; large microspheres 90–120 µm and small nanofossils (nanospheres) 5–18 µm in diameter. Their double-layered walls are composed of standard-sized siderite microcrystals replaced by goethite. The Altai microspheres have a low Ca content (<0.5 wt %) so cannot be interpreted as calcispheres. The Altai Silurian microspheres and nanofossils (nanospheres) are tentatively attributed to biomineralized remains of loricae (shell-like envelopes) of various euglenoid alga generations.
Repair of a postaural fistula with a suprafascial radial forearm free flap
Authors: Misky Adam T , Ponniah Allan , Nikkhah Dariush
Published: April 2022

We describe the case of a patient with the rare complication of a chronic postaural fistula following repeated and extensive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy to the head and neck for a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. This case demonstrates the importance and value of thorough preoperative planning for major head and neck reconstruction, particularly if the area for reconstruction has distorted anatomy due to prior treatment or damage. In complex free flap reconstruction, it is important to investigate the recipient site with the help of arteriography and give due consideration to the donor site and its postoperative management. We highlight the importance of multidisciplinary work for the care of these patients not only intraoperatively, but also in the preoperative planning stage, and perhaps most importantly in the postoperative care.
Dental phenotype in an adolescent with osteogenesis imperfecta type XII
Authors: Tung Joanna Yuet-ling , Ho Jeni Lai-in , Wong Ricky , Fung Siu-chung
Published: April 2022

Mutation in SP7, encoding the osteoblast-specific transcription factor SP7 (also known as osterix), has been described to cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type XII. However, the exact dental phenotype has not been well described. We report the detailed dental manifestation of a boy known to have OI type XII, presented with impacted dentition, necessitating combined oral and maxillofacial surgical and orthodontic treatment. This case also highlighted the need of multidisciplinary team assessment in this group of children.
Development of the My Positive Health dialogue tool for children: a qualitative study on children’s views of health
Authors: de Jong-Witjes Stacey , Kars Marijke C , van Vliet Marja , Huber Machteld , van der Laan Sabine E I , Gelens Eva N , Berkelbach van der Sprenkel Emma E , Nijhof Sanne L , de Jonge Maretha V , Rippen Hester , van de Putte Elise M
Published: April 2022

Background

Children’s views of health were explored in order to develop a health dialogue tool for children.

Methods

A qualitative research design was used as part of a codesign process. Based on semi-structured interviews with both healthy children and children with a chronic condition (aged 8–18). Two approaches were applied. The first was an open exploration of children’s views on health, which was then thematically analysed. Subsequently, a framework was used, based on the six-dimensional My Positive Health (MPH) dialogue tool for adults, to guide the second part of the interviews, focusing on reviewing the children’s view on health within the context of the framework. For the final draft of the dialogue tool, a framework analysis was conducted and then validated by members of the ‘children’s council’ of the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital.

Results

We interviewed 65 children, 45 of whom had a chronic condition and 20 were healthy. The children described a broad concept of health with the central themes of ‘feeling good about yourself’ and ‘being able to participate’. Based on the subsequent framework analysis, the wording of two of the six dimensions of the MPH dialogue tool was adjusted and the related aspects were adapted for better alignment with the children’s concept of health. After these modifications, the tool fully matched the children’s concept of health.

Conclusion

The MPH dialogue tool for children was developed for children with and without a chronic condition, to help them open up about what they consider important for their health and well-being, and to improve directorship over decisions and actions that would affect their health. The MPH dialogue tool aims to support healthcare professionals in providing the type of care and treatment that is in line with the needs of their young patients/clients.
Ethics of sedation for existential suffering: palliative medicine physician perceptions - qualitative study
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo , Ostyn Jozefien , Mroz Sarah , Ronsse Axelle , Menten Johan , Gastmans Chris
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Palliative sedation for existential suffering (PS-ES) is considered a controversial practice to control refractory suffering at the end of life. This study aims to explore Belgian palliative care physicians’ perceptions regarding the ethics of PS-ES.

Methods

This nationwide qualitative study follows a Grounded Theory approach. We conducted semistructured interviews with 25 palliative care physicians working in 23 Belgian hospitals and hospices (Flanders, Brussels, Wallonia). We analysed the data using the Qualitative Analysis Guide Of Leuven and we followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.

Results

The data revealed that Belgian palliative care physicians have difficulty characterising ES and distinguishing it from other types of suffering. They express mixed attitudes towards PS-ES and employ a wide range of ethical arguments in favour and against it, which are mainly linked to the four principles of biomedical ethics.

Conclusion

Since there is a lack of consensus among Belgian palliative care physicians about PS-ES, further research is needed to clarify their attitudes. A better understanding of physicians’ underlying presuppositions can provide more insight into their perceptions of ES and PS-ES and provide further insight for establishing good practices in ES management at the end of life.
Comparing complaint-based triage scales and early warning scores for emergency department triage
Authors: Schinkel Michiel , Bergsma Lyfke , Veldhuis Lars Ingmar , Ridderikhof Milan L , Holleman Frits
Published: April 2022

Background

Emergency triage systems are used globally to prioritise care based on patients’ needs. These systems are commonly based on patient complaints, while the need for timely interventions on regular hospital wards is usually assessed with early warning scores (EWS). We aim to directly compare the ability of currently used triage scales and EWS scores to recognise patients in need of urgent care in the ED.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, single-centre study on all patients who presented to the ED of a Dutch Level 1 trauma centre, between 1 September 2018 and 24 June 2020 and for whom a Netherlands Triage System (NTS) score as well as a Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) was recorded. The performance of these scores was assessed using surrogate markers for true urgency and presented using bar charts, cross tables and a paired area under the curve (AUC).

Results

We identified 12 317 unique patient visits where NTS and MEWS scores were documented during triage. A paired comparison of the AUC of these scores showed that the MEWS score had a significantly better AUC than the NTS for predicting the need for hospital admission (0.65 vs 0.60; p<0.001) or 30-day all-cause mortality (0.70 vs 0.60; p<0.001). Furthermore, when non-urgent MEWS scores co-occur with urgent NTS scores, the MEWS score seems to more accurately capture the urgency level that is warranted.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that EWSs could potentially be used to replace the current emergency triage systems.
Population-level impact of a pulse oximetry remote monitoring programme on mortality and healthcare utilisation in the people with COVID-19 in England: a national analysis using a stepped wedge design
Authors: Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Alboksmaty Ahmed , Flott Kelsey , Fowler Aidan , Benger Jonathan , Aylin Paul P , Elkin Sarah , Neves Ana Luisa , Darzi Ara
Published: April 2022

Background

To identify the population-level impact of a national pulse oximetry remote monitoring programme for COVID-19 (COVID Oximetry @home (CO@h)) in England on mortality and health service use.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a stepped wedge pre-implementation and post-implementation design, including all 106 Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England implementing a local CO@h programme. All symptomatic people with a positive COVID-19 PCR test result from 1 October 2020 to 3 May 2021, and who were aged ≥65 years or identified as clinically extremely vulnerable were included. Care home residents were excluded. A pre-intervention period before implementation of the CO@h programme in each CCG was compared with a post-intervention period after implementation. Five outcome measures within 28 days of a positive COVID-19 test: (i) death from any cause; (ii) any ED attendance; (iii) any emergency hospital admission; (iv) critical care admission and (v) total length of hospital stay.

Results

217 650 people were eligible and included in the analysis. Total enrolment onto the programme was low, with enrolment data received for only 5527 (2.5%) of the eligible population. The period of implementation of the programme was not associated with mortality or length of hospital stay. The period of implementation was associated with increased health service utilisation with a 12% increase in the odds of ED attendance (95% CI: 6% to 18%) and emergency hospital admission (95% CI: 5% to 20%) and a 24% increase in the odds of critical care admission in those admitted (95% CI: 5% to 47%). In a secondary analysis of CO@h sites with at least 10% or 20% of eligible people enrolled, there was no significant association with any outcome measure.

Conclusion

At a population level, there was no association with mortality before and after the implementation period of the CO@h programme, and small increases in health service utilisation were observed. However, lower than expected enrolment is likely to have diluted the effects of the programme at a population level.
Different patterns of association between white matter microstructure and plasma unsaturated fatty acids in those with high risk for psychosis and healthy participants
Authors: Su Wenjun , Li Zhixing , Xu Lihua , Zeng Jiahui , Tang Yingying , Tang Xiaochen , Wei Yanyan , Guo Qian , Zhang Tianhong , Wang Jijun
Published: April 2022

Background

Disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), might play a crucial role in the WM pathology of early onset psychosis. However, evidence linking UFA and WM microstructure in CHR is quite sparse.

Aims

We investigated the relationship between the plasma UFA level and WM microstructure in CHR participants and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

Plasma fatty acids were assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis for 66 individuals at CHR for psychosis and 70 HC.

Results

Both the global and regional diffusion measures showed significant between-group differences, with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) but increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) found in the CHR group compared with the HC group. On top of that, we found that in the HC group, plasma arachidic acid showed obvious trend-level associations with higher global FA, lower global MD and lower global RD, which regionally spread over the corpus callosum, right anterior and superior corona radiata, bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, there were no associations between global WM measures and any UFA in the CHR group. Conversely, we even found negative associations between arachidic acid levels and regional FA values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule in the CHR group.

Conclusions

Compared with the HC group, CHR subjects exhibited a different pattern of association between WM microstructure and plasma UFA, with a neuroprotective effect found in the HC group but not in the CHR group. Such discrepancy could be due to the excessively upregulated UFAs accumulated in the plasma of the CHR group, highlighting the role of balanced plasma-membrane fatty acids homeostasis in WM development.
Pregnancy-related cardiovascular conditions and outcomes in a United States Medicaid population
Authors: Marschner Simone , von Huben Amy , Zaman Sarah , Reynolds Harmony R , Lee Vincent , Choudhary Preeti , Mehta Laxmi S , Chow Clara K
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study aims to examine the incidence of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions and severe cardiovascular outcomes, and their relationship in US Medicaid-funded women.

Methods

Medicaid is a government-sponsored health insurance programme for low-income families in the USA. We report the incidence of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions (hypertensive disorders and diabetes in, or complicated by, pregnancy) and severe cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke, acute heart failure, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, aortic dissection/aneurysm and peripheral vascular disease) among Medicaid-funded women with a birth (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code O80 or O82) over the period January 2015–June 2019, from the states of Georgia, Ohio and Indiana. In this cross-sectional cohort, we examined the relationship between pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions and severe cardiovascular outcomes from pregnancy through to 60 days after birth using multivariable models.

Results

Among 74 510 women, mean age 26.4 years (SD 5.5), the incidence per 1000 births of pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions was 224.3 (95% CI 221.3 to 227.3). The incidence per 1000 births of severe cardiovascular conditions was 10.8 (95% CI 10.1 to 11.6). Women with pregnancy-related cardiometabolic conditions were at greater risk of having a severe cardiovascular condition with an age-adjusted OR of 3.1 (95% CI 2.7 to 3.5).

Conclusion

This US cohort of Medicaid-funded women have a high incidence of severe cardiovascular conditions during pregnancy. Cardiometabolic conditions of pregnancy conferred threefold higher odds of severe cardiovascular outcomes.
Household income, fetal size and birth weight: an analysis of eight populations
Authors: Turner Steve , Posthumus Anke G , Steegers Eric A P , AlMakoshi Amel , Sallout Bahauddin , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L , Oken Emily , Kumwenda Ben , Alostad Fatemah , Wright-Corker Catherine , Watson Laura , Mak Diane , Cheung Hiu Ching , Judge Alice , Aucott Lorna , Jaddoe Vincent W V , Annesi Maesano Isabella , Soomro Munawar Hussain , Hindmarsh Peter , Jacobsen Geir , Vik Torstein , Riaño-Galan Isolina , Rodríguez-Dehli Ana Cristina , Lertxundi Aitana , Rodriguez Loreto Santa Marina , Vrijheid Martine , Julvez Jordi , Esplugues Ana , Iñiguez Carmen
Published: April 2022

Background

The age at onset of the association between poverty and poor health is not understood. Our hypothesis was that individuals from highest household income (HI), compared to those with lowest HI, will have increased fetal size in the second and third trimester and birth.

Methods.

Second and third trimester fetal ultrasound measurements and birth measurements were obtained from eight cohorts. Results were analysed in cross-sectional two-stage individual patient data (IPD) analyses and also a longitudinal one-stage IPD analysis.

Results

The eight cohorts included 21 714 individuals. In the two-stage (cross-sectional) IPD analysis, individuals from the highest HI category compared with those from the lowest HI category had larger head size at birth (mean difference 0.22 z score (0.07, 0.36)), in the third trimester (0.25 (0.16, 0.33)) and second trimester (0.11 (0.02, 0.19)). Weight was higher at birth in the highest HI category. In the one-stage (longitudinal) IPD analysis which included data from six cohorts (n=11 062), head size was larger (mean difference 0.13 (0.03, 0.23)) for individuals in the highest HI compared with lowest category, and this difference became greater between the second trimester and birth. Similarly, in the one-stage IPD, weight was heavier in second highest HI category compared with the lowest (mean difference 0.10 (0 .00, 0.20)) and the difference widened as pregnancy progressed. Length was not linked to HI category in the longitudinal model.

Conclusions

The association between HI, an index of poverty, and fetal size is already present in the second trimester.
Cancer stem-like cells evade CD8+CD103+tumor-resident memory T (TRM) lymphocytes by initiating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program in a human lung tumor model
Authors: Corgnac Stéphanie , Damei Isabelle , Gros Gwendoline , Caidi Aziza , Terry Stéphane , Chouaib Salem , Deloger Marc , Mami-Chouaib Fathia
Published: April 2022

Background

Cancer stem cells (CSC) define a population of rare malignant cells endowed with ‘stemness’ properties, such as self-renewing, multipotency and tumorigenicity. They are responsible for tumor initiation and progression, and could be associated with resistance to immunotherapies by negatively regulating antitumor immune response and acquiring molecular features enabling escape from CD8 T-cell immunity. However, the immunological hallmarks of human lung CSC and their potential interactions with resident memory T (TRM) cells within the tumor microenvironment have not been investigated.

Methods

We generated a non-small cell lung cancer model, including CSC line and clones, and autologous CD8+CD103+TRMand CD8+CD103−non-TRMclones, to dissect out immune properties of CSC and their susceptibility to specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxic activity.

Results

Unlike their parental tumor cells, lung CSC are characterized by the initiation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program defined by upregulation of the SNAIL1 transcription factor and downregulation of phosphorylated-GSK-3β and cell surface E-cadherin. Acquisition of a CSC profile results in partial resistance to TRM-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which correlates with decreased surface expression of the CD103 ligand E-cadherin and human leukocyte antigen-A2-neoepitope complexes. On the other hand, CSC gained expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and thereby sensitivity to leukocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1-dependent non-TRM-cell-mediated killing. Cytotoxicity is inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I neutralizing antibodies further emphasizing the role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in T-cell receptor-dependent lytic function.

Conclusion

Our data support the rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSC to optimize their responsiveness to local CD8+CD103+TRMcells for more efficient anticancer treatments.
Human “live cadaver” neurovascular model for proximal and distal mechanical thrombectomy in stroke
Authors: Arturo Larco Jorge L , Madhani Sarosh Irfan , Liu Yang , Abbasi Mehdi , Shahid Adnan H , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Cloft Harry J , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed , Savastano Luis
Published: April 2022

Background

Preclinical testing platforms that accurately replicate complex human cerebral vasculature are critical to advance neurointerventional knowledge, tools, and techniques. Here, we introduced and validated a human “live cadaveric” head-and-neck neurovascular model optimized for proximal and distal vascular occlusion and recanalization techniques.

Methods

Human cadaveric head-and-neck specimens were cannulated bilaterally in the jugular veins, carotid, and vertebral arteries. Specimens were then coupled with modular glass models of the aorta and extracranial carotid arteries, as well as radial and femoral access ports. Intracranial physiological flow was simulated using a flow-delivery system and blood-mimicking fluid. Baseline anatomy, histological, and mechanical properties of cerebral arteries were compared with those of fresh specimens. Radiopaque clot analogs were embolized to replicate proximal and distal arterial occlusions, followed by thrombectomy. Experienced interventionalists scored the model on different aspects.

Results

Compared with counterpart fresh human arteries, formalin-fixed arteries showed similar mechanical properties, including maximum stretch, increased tensile strength/stiffness, and friction coefficients were also not significantly different. On histology, minimal endothelial damage was noted in arteries after 3 months of light fixation, otherwise the arterial wall maintained the structural integrity. Contrast angiographies showed no micro- or macro-vasculature obstruction. Proximal and distal occlusions created within the middle cerebral arteries were consistently obtained and successfully recanalized. Additionally, interventionists scored the model highly realistic, indicating great similarity to patients’ vasculature.

Conclusions

The human “live cadaveric” neurovascular model accurately replicates the anatomy, mechanics, and hemodynamics of cerebral vasculature and allows the performance of neurointerventional procedures equivalent to those done in patients.
Structural and CFD analyses of a reciprocating-airfoil (RA) driven UAV wing under maximum lift and inertia forces
Authors: Imumbhon Johnson Okoduwa , Landazuri Mateo , Cao Yiding
Published: April 2022

The reciprocating-airfoil (RA) driven vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is a new aircraft concept that utilizes the reciprocating motion of the wings to provide lift for take-off and landing. The RA wings are shaped like the wings of a fixed-wing airplane and work as fixed wings while cruising. The wing undergoes substantial linear motion during take-off and may generate lift similar to a fixed-wing aircraft. The unique structural characteristics of reciprocating wings are their high inertia and lifting force loadings. This study aims to conduct an internal structural analysis of the wing under the maximum lift and inertia force to validate the wing’s performance. The reciprocating motion of the wing in a stroke was analyzed to determine its maximum speed in the stroke and its inertia force loading in conjunction with a reciprocating driver. A 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was conducted at the highest angle of attack (AoA) and the determined maximum speed to obtain maximum lift and drag. The results of a finite element analysis (FEA) revealed acceptable stresses, demonstrating a safe load-carrying capacity of the wing structure, which may ensure the suitability of the wing for integration with the RA UAV module.
From B-meson anomalies to Kaon physics with scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Marzocca David , Trifinopoulos Sokratis , Venturini Elena
Published: April 2022

In this work we study possible connections between B-meson anomalies and Kaon physics observables in the context of combined solutions with the singlet and triplet scalar leptoquarks $$S_1$$

S
1

and $$S_3$$

S
3

. By assuming a flavor structure for the leptoquark couplings dictated by a minimally broken $$U(2)^5$$

U

(
2
)

5

flavor symmetry we can make a sharp connection between these two classes of observables. We find that the bound on $${\mathcal {B}}(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν
ν
)

from NA62 puts already some tension in the model, while the present limits on $${\mathcal {B}}(K_L \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$

B
(

K
L

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

and $$\mu \rightarrow e$$

μ
→
e

conversion in nuclei can be saturated. Relaxing instead the flavor assumption we study what values for $${\mathcal {B}}(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν
ν
)

, as well as for $${\mathcal {B}}(K_L \rightarrow \pi ^0 \nu \nu )$$

B
(

K
L

→

π
0

ν
ν
)

and $${\mathcal {B}}(K_{L,S} \rightarrow \mu ^+ \mu ^-)$$

B
(

K

L
,
S

→

μ
+

μ
-

)

, are viable compatibly with all other phenomenological constraints.
Primary track recovery in high-definition gas time projection chambers
Authors: Lewis P. M. , Hedges M. T. , Jaegle I. , Schueler J. , Thorpe T. N. , Vahsen S. E.
Published: April 2022

We develop and validate a new algorithm called primary track recovery () that effectively deconvolves known physics and detector effects from nuclear recoil tracks in gas time projection chambers (TPCs) with high-resolution readout. This gives access to the primary track charge, length, and vector direction (helping to resolve the “head-tail” ambiguity). Additionally, provides a measurement of the transverse and longitudinal diffusion widths, which can be used to determine the absolute position of tracks in the drift direction for detector fiducialization. Using simulated helium recoils in an atmospheric pressure TPC with a 70:30 mixture of $$\hbox {He:CO}_2$$

He:CO
2

we compare the performance of to traditional methods for all key track variables. We find that the algorithm reduces reconstruction errors, including those caused by charge integration, for tracks with mean length-to-width ratios 1.4 and above, corresponding to recoil energies of 20 keV and above in the studied TPCs. We show that improves on existing methods for head-tail disambiguation, particularly for highly inclined tracks, and improves the determination of the absolute position of recoils on the drift axis via transverse diffusion. We find that can partially recover charge structure integrated out by the detector in the z direction, but that its determination of energy and length have worse resolution compared to existing methods. We use experimental data to qualitatively verify these findings and discuss implications for future directional detectors at the low-energy frontier.
Genuinely ramified maps and stable vector bundles
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Das Soumyadip , Parameswaran A. J.
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a separable finite surjective map between irreducible normal projective varieties defined over an algebraically closed field, such that the corresponding homomorphism between étale fundamental groups [Formula: see text] is surjective. Fix a polarization on [Formula: see text] and equip [Formula: see text] with the pullback, by [Formula: see text], of this polarization on [Formula: see text]. Given a stable vector bundle [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], we prove that there is a vector bundle [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] isomorphic to [Formula: see text] if and only if the direct image [Formula: see text] contains a stable vector bundle [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] We also prove that [Formula: see text] is stable for every stable vector bundle [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text].
The SABRE experiment
Authors: Zani A. , D’Angelo D. , Vignoli C. , Di Carlo G. , Di Giacinto A. , Ianni A. , Orlandi D. , Mariani A. , Copello S. , Tomei C. , Dafinei I. , D’Imperio G. , Diemoz M. , Iannone M. , Milana S. , Pettinacci V. , Rahatlou S. , Calaprice F. , Di Ludovico A. , Peloso W. , Pietrofaccia L. , Souza M. , Suerfu B. , Wada M. , Benziger J.
Published: April 2022

The dark matter interpretation of the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation signal represents a long-standing open question in astroparticle physics. The SABRE experiment aims to test such claim, bringing the same detection technique to an unprecedented sensitivity. Based on ultra-low background NaI(Tl) scintillating crystals like DAMA, SABRE features a liquid scintillator Veto system, surrounding the main target, and it will deploy twin detectors: one in the Northern hemisphere at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy and the other in the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL), Australia, first laboratory of this kind in the Southern hemisphere. The first very-high-purity crystal produced by the collaboration was shipped to LNGS in 2019 for characterization. It features a potassium contamination, measured by mass spectroscopy, of the order of 4 ppb, about three times lower than DAMA/LIBRA crystals. The first phase of the SABRE experiment is a Proof-of-Principle (PoP) detector featuring one crystal and a liquid scintillator Veto, at LNGS. This contribution will present the results of the stand-alone characterization of the first SABRE high-purity crystal, as well as the status of the PoP detector, commissioned early in the summer of 2020.
Elasto-plastic evolution of single crystals driven by dislocation flow
Authors: Hudson Thomas , Rindler Filip
Published: April 2022

This work introduces a model for large-strain, geometrically nonlinear elasto-plastic dynamics in single crystals. The key feature of our model is that the plastic dynamics are entirely driven by the movement of dislocations, that is, 1-dimensional topological defects in the crystal lattice. It is well known that glide motion of dislocations is the dominant microscopic mechanism for plastic deformation in many crystalline materials, most notably in metals. We propose a novel geometric language, built on the concepts of space-time “slip trajectories” and the “crystal scaffold” to describe the movement of (discrete) dislocations and to couple this movement to plastic flow. The energetics and dissipation relationships in our model are derived from first principles drawing on the theories of crystal modeling, elasticity, and thermodynamics. The resulting force balances involve a new configurational stress tensor describing the forces acting against slip. In order to place our model into context, we further show that it recovers several laws that were known in special cases before, most notably the equation for the Peach–Koehler force (linearized configurational force) and the fact that the combination of all dislocations yields the curl of the plastic distortion field. Finally, we also include a brief discussion on how a number of other effects, such as hardening, softening, dislocation climb, and coarse-graining, could be incorporated into our model.
Cross-matching of OGLE III and GAIA catalogues: Investigation of dark-lens microlensing candidates
Authors: Dehghani Amir , Rahvar Sohrab
Published: April 2022

In this work, we use [Formula: see text] microlensing candidates with dark lenses from OGLE III catalogue [L. Wyrzykowski et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 458 (2016) 3012.] and cross-match them with the GAIA catalogue. We identify the microlensing source stars in the GAIA catalogue by comparing the coordinate and the magnitude of stars and using the proper motion and the parallax parameters of the source stars. Combining with the microlensing light curves as well as the microlensing parallax effect, we determine the mass and the distance of lenses from Earth. We conclude that the lens for this set of microlensing events for the massive lenses are black hole and for the small lenses are neutron/white dwarf candidates.
Unified error estimate for weak biorthogonal Greedy algorithms
Authors: Jiang Bing , Ye Peixin , Zhang Wenhui
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we obtain the unified error estimate for some weak biorthogonal greedy algorithms with respect to dictionaries in Banach spaces by using some kind of K-functional. From this estimate, we derive the sufficient conditions for the convergence and the convergence rates on sparse classes induced by the K-functional. The results on convergence and the convergence rates are sharp.
Lagrangian formulation and implications of barotropic fluid cosmologies
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Raushan Rakesh , Chaubey Raghavendra , Mandal Sajal , Mishra Krishna Chandra
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of cosmologies in homogeneous and isotropic background with a barotropic fluid. We solve the continuity equation and study several aspects of model including behavior of cosmological quantities like Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter, equation of state parameter along with statefinder diagnostic and validity of energy conditions. The [Formula: see text] plane is checked for identification of thawing and freezing regions. We derive the Lagrangian formulation with standard and non-standard kinetic terms for barotropic fluid model. It is demonstrated that the model possesses periodic potential in its Lagrangian description with standard kinetic terms. Using dynamical system analysis, we find the stability of solutions, too. We further explore the thermodynamic aspects at apparent horizon by investigating the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics with equilibrium description. The model exhibits complete cosmological scenario for different values of model parameters and the inflationary scenario decays smoothly into radiation-dominated phase during its evolution. The model approaches to [Formula: see text] cold dark matter model during late times of its evolution.
Modeling the impacts of awareness and limited medical resources on the epidemic size of a multi-group SIR epidemic model
Authors: Bajiya Vijay Pal , Tripathi Jai Prakash , Kakkar Vipul , Kang Yun
Published: April 2022

The pharmaceutical interventions of emerging infectious diseases are constrained by the available medical resources such as drugs, vaccines, hospital beds, isolation places and the efficiency of the treatment. The awareness of the population also plays an important role in reducing contacts and consequently, reducing the disease transmission rate. In this paper, we propose a multi-group Susceptible, Infected and Recovered (SIR) epidemic model incorporating the awareness of population and the saturated treatment function that describes the effects of the availability of medical resources for treatment. We assume that the treatment of the infected individuals of a group is affected by the medical resources for the treatment of each group. We calculate the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] in the term of the awareness parameter using the next generation approach. We determine the local and global stabilities of equilibrium (disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium) in terms of [Formula: see text] and the availability of medical resources for treatment. We obtain that backward bifurcation occurs at [Formula: see text] along with the existence of multiple endemic equilibria when [Formula: see text] Further, we consider the special case with a single group epidemic system and ensure the existence of multiple endemic equilibria. We showed a necessary condition on the parameter related to the availability of medical resources when backward bifurcation occurs. This situation indicates that reducing the basic reproduction number below unity is not sufficient to remove the disease when the medical resources for treatment are scarce. We used numerical simulations to support and counterpart our theoretical results and discussed the impacts of the awareness of susceptible population and availability of medical resources for treatment in each group, on the epidemic size of each group. Our findings suggest that in the case of limited medical resources, the high treatment rate and awareness of the population are very helpful to control the disease (to reduce the prevalence of infection) and the eradication of disease also depends on initial population sizes. More importantly, it is also obtained that sufficient medical resources for every group are required to eradicate the disease from an entire population.
A new decomposition for multivalued 3 × 3 matrices
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Jeribi Aref , Saadaoui Bilel
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a new concept for a [Formula: see text] block relation matrix is studied in a Banach space. It is shown that, under certain condition, we can investigate the Frobenius–Schur decomposition of relation matrices. Furthermore, we present some conditions which should allow the multivalued [Formula: see text] matrices linear operator to be closable.
How do tectonics influence the initiation and evolution of submarine canyons? A case study from the Otway Basin, SE Australia
Authors: Wu Nan , Nugraha Harya D. , Steventon Michael J. , Zhong Guangfa
Published: April 2022

The architecture of canyon-fills can provide a valuable record of the link between tectonics, sedimentation and depositional processes in submarine settings. We investigated the role of plate tectonics in the initiation and evolution of submarine canyons. We demonstrate that events at the plate tectonic scale (i.e. continental break-up and shortening) have a first-order influence on the initiation and development of submarine canyons. The Late Cretaceous (
c.
65 Ma) separation of Australia and Antarctica initially resulted in extensional fault systems, which then formed a steep stair-shaped palaeoseabed. Subsequently, the Late Miocene (
c.
5 Ma) collision of Australia and Eurasia resulted in substantial uplift and exhumation on the SE Australian continental margin. These tectonic events led to elevated seismicity, which ultimately gave rise to gravity-driven processes (i.e. turbidity currents and mass wasting processes) and formed the base of the canyon. The inherited stair-shaped topography then facilitated further gravity-driven processes that established a mature sediment conduit extending from the shallow marine shelf to the abyssal plain. We suggest that the stratigraphic architecture of canyons can be used as an archive to record tectonic movements. Moreover, the factors that precondition and trigger gravity-driven processes can induce canyon initiation and facilitate canyon development.

Supplementary material:
A PDF file containing all the clean, uninterpreted seismic sections is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5937760
Mars as a time machine to Precambrian Earth
Authors: Lapôtre Mathieu G. A. , Bishop Janice L. , Ielpi Alessandro , Lowe Donald R. , Siebach Kirsten L. , Sleep Norman H. , Tikoo Sonia M.
Published: April 2022

As Mars transitioned from an early Earth-like state to the cold desert planet it is today, it preserved a near pristine record of surface environments in a world without plate tectonics and complex life. The records of Mars’ Earth-like surfaces have remained largely untouched for billions of years, allowing space exploration to provide critical insights about the early days of our own planet. Here, we first review what Mars has taught us about volcanic, tectonic and metamorphic processes in the absence of discrete plates, drawing comparisons with the terrestrial and venusian records. Then, we summarize advances in understanding its early surface environments, including impact cratering, hydrological, sedimentary and geochemical processes. Altogether, the martian record provides a picture of early environments that were similar to modern terrestrial ones in many respects, with sediment and geochemical cycling, hydrothermal systems capable of hosting life, but with the exception that topography, sediment and heat sources were provided by volcanoes and impact cratering rather than plate tectonics. Mars thus offers a lens through which one might catch a glimpse of Earth's infancy, provided exploration efforts continue to refine our understanding of the similarities between Earth and Mars as well as the specificities of each planet.