bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum
Authors: Tokish LT COL John M. , McBratney MAJ Colleen M. , Solomon CDR Daniel J. , LeClere LT Lance , Dewing LCDR Christopher B. , Provencher CDR Matthew T.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Symptomatic pan-labral or circumferential (360°) tears of the glenohumeral labrum are an uncommon injury. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of surgical treatment of circumferential lesions of the glenoid labrum with use of validated outcome instruments.

METHODS:

From July 2003 to May 2006, forty-one shoulders in thirty-nine patients (thirty-four men and five women) with a mean age of 25.1 years were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study and were managed for a circumferential (360°) lesion of the glenoid labrum. All patients had a primary diagnosis of pain and recurrent shoulder instability, and all underwent arthroscopic repair of the circumferential labral tear with a mean of 7.1 suture anchors. The outcomes for thirty-nine of the forty-one shoulders were assessed after a mean duration of follow-up of 31.8 months on the basis of the rating of pain and instability on a scale of 0 to 10, a physical examination, and three outcome instruments (the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Short Form-12 score).

RESULTS:

Significant improvement was noted in terms of the mean pain score (from 4.3 to 1.1), the mean instability score (from 7.3 to 0.2), the mean modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (from 55.5 to 89.6), the mean Short Form-12 score (from 75.7 to 90.0), and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (from 36.7 to 88.5). Six shoulders required revision surgery because of recurrent instability (two), recalcitrant biceps tendinitis (two), or postoperative tightness (two). All patients returned to their preinjury activity level.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pan-labral or circumferential lesions are an uncommon yet extensive injury of the glenohumeral joint that may result in recurrent instability and pain. The present study demonstrates that arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with suture anchor fixation can restore the stability of the glenohumeral joint and can provide a reliable improvement in subjective and objective outcome measures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:

“Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum” (2009;91:2795-802).
Pathology and pathobiology of the oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: Micev M. , Cosic-Micev M.
Published: September 2010

Carcinoma of the oesophagus including carcinoma of gastro-oesophageal junction are rapidly increasing in incidence. During recent years there have been changes in the knowledge surrounding biology of the disease progression. Identification of dysplasia in mucosal biopsies is the most reliable pathologic indicator of an increased risk of development of squamous cell carcinoma and passes through the sequence of chronic esophagitis, low-grade and high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Although Barrett's esophagus is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma and have a well described sequence of carcinogenesis: the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence, not all patients with this disorder require intensive surveillance. The natural history of dysplasia is poorly understood, particularly in low-risk regions, and prospective follow-up studies are needed. Adjunctive methods to improve reproducibility, such as immunostaining for alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), show promise, but require confirmation in larger studies. In addition, several controversial methods such as detection of p16, p53, and DNA content abnormalities may help identify patients at particularly high risk for progression to cancer, but these techniques are not yet widely available for routine clinical application. More studies are needed to define other early nonmorphologic biomarkers for risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Recent evidence regarding the importance of several histopathologically derived prognostic factors, such as circumferential resection margin status and lymph node metastases are evaluated, including lymph node micrometastases and the sentinel node concept. With the rising use of multimodal treatments for oesophageal cancer it is important that the response of the tumour to this therapy can be carefully documented by histopathology.
Leiomyomas of spermatic cord and testis presenting as hernia: Chromosomal analysis
Authors: Tsaroucha A.K. , Papachristou F. , Simopoulou M.C. , Pitiakoudis M.S. , Sivridis E. , Simopoulos C.E.
Published: September 2010

We report a rare case of three leiomyomas of the spermatic cord and testis in a 73-year-old man. Indirect, large, painful, non-reducible inguinal hernia was diagnosed at admission. During surgery, the hernia was revealed. Furthermore, two tumors were found, both attached on the spermatic cord, and a third tumor close to the testis. All the tumors were carefully removed and no orchidectomy was performed. Hernia repair was performed and the removed tumors were sent to the Pathology Department. All tumors were benign. At the first follow up, chromosomal analysis was also performed. Chromosomal lymphocyte analysis revealed increased fragility at site 4q31. Two years after surgery, the patient was admitted again with a new similar tumor, and underwent a new surgical treatment. In the case of large non-reducible inguinal hernias, surgeons have to consider tumors in the inguinal area in their differential diagnosis.
What are the possible reasons for urethral PSA varieties after radical prostatectomy?
Authors: Pejcic T. , Hadzi-Djokic J. , Markovic B. , Lalic N. , Glisic B.
Published: September 2010

Objective: To examine the possible reasons for great varieties in urethral prostate specific antigen (urPSA) levels, in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and methods: In 46 patients with prostate cancer, PSA, urPSA, total testosterone, body-mass index (BMI) and the stage of androgenic alopecia (AGA) were determined. Forty-five patients underwent retropubic RP, while one underwent cystoprostatectomy with orthotopic bladder construction, due to bladder cancer. Results: Average patients age prior to surgery plus or minus standard deviation was 65.2+5.8 years. Average urPSA was 20.9+47.5 ng/ml (0.05 to 212 ng/ml, median 2.24 ng/ml). With urethral PSA cut-off of 2.0 ng/ml, two groups were formed: A (urPSA < 2.0 ng/ml) and B (urPSA = 2.0 ng/ml). Patients in the group A had significantly lower average AGA score, than the patients from the group B (2.4+1.3 vs. 4.4+2.2, p=0.0003). In addition, patients from the group A had significantly lower postoperative PSA (0.07+0.08 ng/ml vs. 0.14 + 0.06 ng/ml, p=0.0014). Conclusions: The patients with higher urPSA have higher AGA scores and higher postoperative PSA. This phenomenon is probably the consequence of higher local dihydrotestosterone activity in the scalp and PSA-secreting urethral glands.
Bilateral ureteral obstruction due to primary myelofibrosis caused hyperuricaemia
Authors: Cvetkovic Z.P. , Cvetkovic B.R. , Celeketic D. , Milenkovic D. , Perunicic-Pekovic G.
Published: September 2010

In healthy population, uric acid comprises the major component of 10-20% of renal stones. Extreme hiperuricaemia is seen in cancer patients with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) which is classically associated with haematological malignancies with rapid tumor growth rates such as acute lymphoid leukaemia and high grade lymphomas. Primary melofibrosis (Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia- AMM) is a chronic myeloproliferative disease characterized by splenomegaly, a leukoerythroblastic blood picture, teardrop poikilocytosis and varying degrees of marrow fibrosis. Due to the increased extramedullary haematopoiesis, hiperuricemia may occur. However, TLS in patients with AMM is, according to the available literature, described just in one patient. In this paper we present a case of a 47-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of fatigue and small amount of urine, and clinical signs of plethora and enlarged spleen. The laboratory findings showed leuko-and erythrocytosis, increased levels of urea-BUN (32 mmol/l) and creatinine (766 mmol/l) as well as uric acid (920 mmol/l). The immediate abdominal ultrasound confirmed extreme splenomegaly, but also showed bilateral hydronephrosis of grade II-III with two stones in proximal part of right ureter and one in proximal part of left ureter as well as empty bladder. Stones were not seen on plain film. Since the patient was in complete anuria, with further rapid elevation of BUN and creatinine levels, bilateral ureteral stents were applicated together with extensive hydration, urine alkalization and administration of allopurinol which resulted in the complete recovery of kidney function. The bone marrow biopsy was also performed and histopathological diagnosis was: Hypercellulary phase of AMM.
Characteristics important for organic breeding of vegetable crops
Authors: Zdravkovic Jasmina , Pavlovic Nenad , Girek Zdenka , Zdravkovic Milan , Cvikic Dejan
Published: September 2010

The remarkable development and application of new genetic The Institute for Vegetable Crops possesses a rich germplasm collection of vegetables, utilized as gene resource for breeding specific traits. Onion and garlic breeding programs are based on chemical composition improvement. There are programs for identification and use of genotypes characterized by high tolerance to economically important diseases. Special attention is paid to breeding cucumber and tomato lines tolerant to late blight. As a result, late blight tolerant pickling cucumber line, as well as late blight tolerant tomato lines and hybrids are realized. Research on bean drought stress tolerance is initiated. Lettuce breeding program including research on spontaneous flora is started and interspecies hybrids were observed as possible genetic variability source. It is important to have access to a broad range of vegetable genotypes in order to meet the needs of organic agriculture production. Appreciating the concept of sustainable agriculture, it is important to introduce organic agriculture programs in breeding institutions.
Kernel modifications and tryptophan content in QPM segregating generations
Authors: -Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Stankovic Goran , Markovic Ksenija , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Lazic-Jancic Vesna , Denic Miloje
Published: September 2010

Maize has poor nutritional value due to deficiency of two essential amino acids - tryptophan and lysine. Although recessive opaque2 (o2) mutation significantly increases their content in the endosperm, incorporation of opaque2 into high yielding cultivars was not commercially successful, because of its numerous agronomic and processing problems due to soft endosperm. Quality protein maize - QPM has lately been introduced as opaque2 maize with improved endosperm hardness and improved agronomic traits, but mostly within tropical and subtropical germplasm. The ongoing breeding project at MRI includes improvement of MRI opaque2 lines and conversion of standard lines to QPM germplasm. The main selection steps in QPM breeding involve assessing kernel modifications and tryptophan level in each generation. Herein, we present the results of the analysis for these traits on F3 and BC1F1 generations of QPM x opaque2, opaque2 x QPM and standard lines x QPM crosses. The results showed that the majority the genotypes had kernel types 2 and 3 (good modifications). The whole grain tryptophan content in F3 and BC1F1 genotypes of crosses between QPM and opaque2 germplasm was at the quality protein level, with a few exceptions. All BC1F1 genotypes of standard lines x QPM had tryptophan content in the range of normal maize, while majority of F3 genotypes had tryptophan content at level of QPM. The progeny (with increased tryptophan levels) of QPM and opaque2 crosses had significantly higher tryptophan content compared to the progeny of crosses between standard and QPM lines - 0.098 to 0.114 and 0.080, respectively. All genotypes that had poorly modified kernels and/or low tryptophan content will be discarded from further breeding.
Identification of donor lines containing favorable alleles for quantitative traits in Burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Drazic Slobodan , Prodanovic Slaven , Zivanovic Tomislav
Published: September 2010

Well-adapted local lines might be used as donors to improve existing commercial hybrids. The objective of this study was to identify the best burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) line among a group of four lines (SA 130, Bols 334, Barlej T and TN 90) from germplasm collection, for improving an elite single hybrid Bols 335 x TN 86. Values of three quantitative traits (number of leaves, total leaf area and leaf yield) were measured in two-year field experiments. Evaluation of donor lines as sources of new favorable alleles not present in the elite hybrid parent lines was conducted. According to Dudley (1984, 1987) the most significant class for improving quantitative traits is locus class G. Donor line TN 90 had positive values of the parameter ?G for number of leaves and for total leaf area. Studied donor lines could not be use directly as the source of new alleles for the improvement of leaf yield in elite hybrid. The improvement of leaf yield in tobacco hybrid Bols 335 x TN 86 would be conducted indirectly via back crossing (TN 86 x TN 90) x TN 86. Significance of GxE interaction for studied traits indicates the same breeding method would be effective in broad range of environmental conditions.
Promising sour cherry hybrids (Prunus cerasus L.) developed at Fruit Research Institute Cacak
Authors: Radicevic Sanja , Cerovic Radosav , Glisic Ivana , Karaklajic-Stajic Zaklina
Published: September 2010

At Fruit Research Institute in Cacak, major objectives of the work on breeding new sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars are high cropping, large, high-quality fruits and resistance to causal agents of diseases and pests. As a result of the planned hybridization, more than 10,000 hybrid seedlings have been developed from about 40 cultivars within more than 110 parental combinations, among which are 'Cacanski rubin' ('Shasse Morello' x 'K?r?ser Weichsel') and 'Sumadinka' ('K?r?ser Weichsel' x 'Heimanns Konserven Weichsel') which have been named and released. Ten-year study of 11 hybrids, selected from the population of about 3,000 hybrid seedlings, gave four hybrids which have been singled out as elite (III/23, III/31, II/40 i XII/57). These hybrids are currently under procedure of being released as new cultivars. The paper presents two-year results of the study of ripening time, pomological properties, biochemical composition of fruits, and field resistance to causal agents of diseases and pests attacking the above named genotypes which were compared to standard cultivar 'Heimanns Konserven Weichsel'. In the studied hybrids, fruit weight, soluble solids content and sugars content were higher than in standard cultivar. In addition, they exhibit substantial field resistance to causal agents of brown rot (Monilinia laxa /Ader et Ruhl./ Honey ex Whetz.), cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) v. Arx.), shot-hole (Clasterosporium carpophilum (L?v.) Aderh.) and cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) attack.
Inbred lines of different cycles of selection as donors of favourable alleles for the improvement of F1 maize hybrids
Authors: Secanski Mile , Todorovic Goran , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana , Zivanovic Tomislav , Babic Milosav
Published: September 2010

Eight BSSS and BSCB1 inbred lines of different cycles of selection were studied with the aim to evaluate which inbreds had the highest relative values of favourable alleles for the improvement of the grain yield trait in an elite single cross maize hybrid. Based on estimated parameters ?G, UBND, PTC and NI it was determined that the inbreds B73 (C5) and B84 (C7), originating form the synthetic population BSSS had highest number of favourable alleles for the improvement of the grain yield. Both these inbreds belong to the later cycles of recurrent selections and proved to be better donors of favourable alleles than inbreds belonging to the earlier cycles of selection. The rank correlations of used parameters were positive and highly significant, while the highest values of correlations for yield were determined between ?G and NI, that is PTC and NI. The highest grain yield was recorded in the hybrid ZPL2 x B73, which also had the highest value of heterosis (174.9%) in the trial for estimation of loci relative values.
The genotype traits of forage sorghum, Sudan grass and their interspecies hybrid in the conditions of intensive nitrogen nutrition
Authors: Ikanovic Jela , Glamoclija Djordje , Maletic Radojka , Jankovic Snezana , Tabakovic Marjenka , Zivanovic Ljubisa
Published: September 2010

The subject of this study is a three-year study (carried out during 2007, 2008 and 2009) of the morphological characteristics variability in three genotypes NS-Dzin (Forage Sorghum), Zora (Sudan grass) and Siloking (interspecies hybrid) depending on the amount of nitrogen used for plant nutrition. For the height and mass analysis of fresh stems and leaves as well as leaf mass and leaf portion in the total biomass, samples were taken from the first swath when the effect of the used nitrogen amounts was the greatest. The results have shown that there are significant variations in the tested properties between the genotypes. The Siloking genotype had the highest total biomass during all three years. The largest leaf mass was found in the NS-Dzin genotype, while the Zora genotype had the highest leaf portion in the three-year average. The effect of nitrogen use depended on the weather conditions, as well as the layout of the rainfall, so that the optimal quantity was 105 kg ha-1 during the first and the second year, and 150 kg ha -1 during the third year.
Nasal hump: Five year analysis
Authors: Kljajic Vladimir , Savovic Slobodan , Canji Karol
Published: September 2010

Introduction The nose has a prominent central position in the face and therefore it considerably contributes to the esthetic appearance and facial harmony. On the anterior view, the face is dominated by the nasal length and width, as well as medial location. On the lateral view, the nasal dorsum is most important; although it is the dimension we cannot see ourselves, it is the most common cause of surgery. Material and methods This five-year retrospective study included 216 patients of both sexes; their average age was 22 years, and they underwent surgery at the Ear, Throat and Nose Clinic in Novi Sad in the period from 2001 to 2006. There were 89 male, and 127 female patients. Results Most patients were aged 18 - 22 years (57%). A nasal pyramid deformity with septal deviation was present in 81.1% of patients, whereas 18.9% (41 patients) presented only with a nasal pyramid deformity. Out of the total number of patients, 24 patients had both nasal kyphosis and scoliosis. All patients underwent closed rhinoplasty with obligatory correction of the tip of the nose. The nasal hump removal with lateral osteotomy was also performed in all patients. Two patients underwent reoperation, due to small dorsal humps within the cartilage, while one patient had a postoperative septal perforation. One patient presented with a postoperative abscess of the nasal dorsum, which was conservatively managed. Conclusion Nasal hump is the most common nasal pyramid deformity, often without a nasal septum deviation. It is quite easily treated by surgery. Two patients have already undergone reoperation with good results, and two patients had postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were recorded in 1,85% of patients.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics of viral hepatitis A and E in Montenegro
Authors: Terzic Dragica , Mijovic Gordana , Dupanovic Brankica , Draskovic Nenad , Svirtlih Neda
Published: September 2010

Introduction Hepatitis E has many similarities in with hepatitis A concerning clinical picture, route of transmission and nonexistence of chronicity. Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with hepatitis A and E to estimate characteristics of these diseases. Material and methods Total of 54 patients divided into two groups was investigated: 27 had hepatitis A, others had hepatitis E. Detailed history past, clinical examination, liver function tests and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen, were done in all patients. Etiology of viral hepatitis was investigated serologically by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using commercial kits for following viruses: Hepatitis A-E viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Results Asymptomatic infections (29.6%) and clinical forms without jaundice (59.3%) were more frequent in patients with hepatitis E. Splenomegaly was found more frequent in patients with hepatitis A than in hepatitis E (66.7% vs. 33.3%). Patients with hepatitis E had significantly lower activity of aminotransferases than patients with hepatitis A. A significant increase of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was found in patients with hepatitis E (mean value: 120 IU/L). Discussion Our results are in concordance with other reports that hepatitis E virus infection is more common asymptomatic disease than hepatitis A. In addition, hepatocyte necrosis in hepatitis E is less extensive than in hepatitis A measured by the activity of aminotransferases. Contrary to that the value of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is more increased in hepatitis E than in hepatitis A without exact explanation uso far. Conclusion Viral hepatitis E and A have differences in some clinical features and laboratory parameters although both diseases principally have resolved without consequences after 6-8 weeks.
Rational application of tumor marker CA 125 in gynecological oncology
Authors: Djurdjevic Srdjan , Stojanovic Sanja , Basta-Nikolic Marijana , Maksimovic Marko
Published: September 2010

Introduction CA 125 determination started in 1981, when Bast et al. discovered monoclonal antibody OC-125 belonging to immunoglobulin G class (IgG1) using K?hler and Milstein's technique of hybridization. CA 125 antigen is produced in amniotic cells of the 7 week-old embryo, while in adults it can be detected in epithelium of most organs which originate from M?ller ducts. The upper level of referent values for CA 125 in serum is 35 U/mL and can be seen in about 99% of healthy people. Application of tumor marker CA 125 in gynecological oncology More than 83% of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma have elevated values of CA 125 higher than 35 U/mL at the moment of diagnosing the disease. In cases of ovarian carcinoma, preoperatively determined values of CA 125 in serum are correlated with the extent of the expansion of the disease , histological type of tumor and degree of differentiation of malignant cells. Elevated values up to 65 U/mL in serum can also be found in other malignant tumors (pancreas, breast, colon, bladder, lungs, liver) and in different benign diseases. The level of serum CA 125 after the surgery can indicate regression or progression of ovarian carcinoma in more than 90% of the patients who had had elevated values of CA125 prior to the surgery. Postoperative levels of CA 125 >35 U/mL in patients with no residual tumor and values >65 U/mL in those with residual tumor implants represent a separate prognostic factor in further course of the disease. Conclusion The importance of continuous determination of CA 125 tumor marker has to be adjusted to each single case.
Blood concentrations of lactate, C-reactive protein, and creatinine as early indicators of severity and outcome of sepsis
Authors: Mikic Dragan , Arsic-Komljenovic Gordana , Nozic Darko , Cucuz Milica , Dimitrijevic Radmila , Vukadinov Jovan
Published: September 2010

Introduction Since the outcome in septic patients can significantly be improved if the appropriate therapy is introduced timely early, the early diagnosis of sepsis and its complications is essential. The aim of this study was to compare mean values of the initial blood concentrations of lactate, C-reactive protein and creatinine and the severity of illness and the outcome of sepsis. Materials and methods A total of 30 septic patients were included in the study. The diagnosis of sepsis and its complications was made according to consensus criteria. The severity of illness was scored by an Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation septic score. The patients were subdivided into different groups, those with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock, those with or without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and survivors and non-survivors. Results The differences in mean values of lactate levels among all studied groups were significantly high, whereas the level of C-reactive protein were significantly higher only in the non-survivors compared to the survivors (p<0.05). The concentrations of creatinine were significantly higher in the patients with septic shock compared to the patients with sepsis, and in the patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and the non-survivors compared to the corresponding groups (p<0.05). The septic score clearly discriminated patients with different severity of sepsis, development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and survival and positively correlated with the concentrations of lactate, C-reactive protein and creatinine (the best correlation ranks were with lactate levels, p<0.001). Discussion and conclusion Our results suggest that lactate level is a better parameter of illness severity and outcome of sepsis than levels of C-reactive protein and creatinine. When compared to the above parameters, the septic score determined on the day of admission to hospital is a much better criterion to classify patients into groups with different severity of sepsis, with and without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and into survivors and non-survivors.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during pregnancy: Case report
Authors: Todorovic Zoran , Canovic Predrag , Gajovic Olgica , Mijailovic Zeljko , Zivkovic Milovan
Published: September 2010

Introduction Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFWRS) is an acute infectious disease with abrupt onset, high fever, renal failure and frequent hemorrhages. HFWRS during the pregnancy has relatively low occurrence, with only few described cases mostly in the region of the former Soviet Union. Although, according to the data from the literature, the disease is less severe during the pregnancy, the eclampsy, stillbirth and fetal infection were also described. Material and methods During the summer period, June-September 2002 in the area of nort-heast Montenegro, and mainly among people whose job was connected with rural areas, the HFRS was observed more frequently. In that area during the stated period , 12 patients underwent treatment whose disease was confirmed by the I I F method at the Torlak Institute of Virology in Belgrade. Among the patients there were two pregnant women aged 23 and 29 (both in their second pregnancies), in the 23rd and 26th gestational week, respectively. The aim of this study is to present 2 case studies and to show the disease impact on fetal development. Results The patients aged 23 and 29 yrs, were previously healthy women in their second pregnancies (23rd and 26th gestational week, respectively). The disease had typical beginning. The predictions made according to the laboratory abnormalities and the level of oliguria were that the disease would have a less severe course. Hemorrhagic syndrome was less prominent, and the laboratory analyses were normalized after 15 to 18 days. The monitoring of pregnancy during the disease period and after recovering showed no fetal suffering. The patients had PV delivery, in 39-th an 40-th, respectively. The newborns blood testing on Hantan viruses was done by ELISA method in Torlak Institute, Belgrade. Only the IgG antibodies (1/ 512), were detected, the IgM antibodies were not found. Two years later the tests were repeated, and showed negative results.
Hatching Babies and Stork Deliveries: Risk and Regulation in the Construction of Children's Sexual Knowledge
Authors: Davies Cristyn , Robinson Kerry
Published: September 2010

Children's access to sexual knowledge has always been considered ‘risky’ and controversial due to the fraught relationship between childhood and sexuality. Based on focus groups with children and their parents, the authors explore the relationship between risk and regulation associated with providing children with accurate knowledge about sexuality. Two main issues are examined: parents' anxieties associated with educating their children about sexuality; and how children actively build narratives around relationships and sexual knowledge based on the fragments of information available to them. The authors argue that dominant constructions of childhood and childhood innocence negate the effective education of children around sexuality, gender and ethical relationships. Additionally, they examine the tensions that exist for many parents around the discourse of child protection and the ways in which this impacts on their education of young children about sexual matters.
New Capitalism, Risk, and Subjectification in an Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Bialostok Steve , Kamberelis George
Published: September 2010

‘New capitalism’ has been characterized as an economic period in which insecurity, flux, and uncertainty exist in the workplace. Capitalism attempts to tame that uncertainty through risk taking. Taking risks has become what one must do with risk. Economic discourses of embracing risk — thoroughly grounded in the ideologies of neoliberalism — are widely distributed into many non-economic areas, including education. Risk taking is now understood as something everyone should valorize, a necessity for freedom and choice. Such discourses are appropriated and recontextualized into different domains, including the everyday interactions between young children and teachers. In this study the authors examine the discourse of a writing lesson taught by one early childhood teacher, focusing on how she used language to promote/produce her students as risk-takers. The authors argue that this teacher's attempt to promote/produce risk-takers belied her commitment to neoliberal ideologies and new modes of capitalism. They also argue that her efforts were dampened by tensions that she also seemed to embody/live — tensions between old and new forms of capitalism, between modernist and postmodernist notions of agency, between safety and risk, and between freedom and control. The outcomes of her work thus seemed to embody tensions in how her students came to understand choice, risk, and freedom.

It is no coincidence that free-market economies, which encourage personal risk taking, have outlived centrally planned ones, which do not. ( The Economist, 1994)

Steve: A person who takes risks — what kind of person do you think that person is? Jackie (age 10): A good person.
Dose-Dependent Delay of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Short-Acting Insulin Analogs in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gagnon-Auger Maude , du Souich Patrick , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , Martin Elisabeth , Brassard Pascal , Ménard Julie , Ardilouze Jean-Luc
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE

Injected volume and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) affect insulin absorption. Pharmacokinetics of short-acting insulin analogs were established by assessing injection of small doses in lean subjects, healthy or with type 1 diabetes. In obese patients, however, daily dosages are larger and ATBF is decreased. This study assessed the kinetics of a short-acting insulin analog in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Euglycemic clamps after subcutaneous lispro injections were performed. Six healthy control subjects received 10 units. Seven obese (BMI 38.3 ± 7.0 kg/m2) subjects with type 2 diabetes received 10, 30, and 50 units. Plasma lispro was measured by specific radioimmunoassay and ATBF by the 133Xe-washout technique.

RESULTS

ATBF was 64% lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes than in control subjects. After 10 units injection, time to lispro plasma peak (Tmax) was similar (48.3 vs. 55.7 min; control subjects versus type 2 diabetic subjects), although maximal concentration (Cmax)/dose was 41% lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with lower and delayed maximal glucose infusion rate (GIRmax: 9.0 vs. 0.6 mg/kg/min, P < 0.0001, 69 vs. 130 min, P < 0.0001, respectively). After 30- and 50-unit injections, Tmax (88.6 and 130.0 min, respectively) and time to GIRmax (175 and 245 min) were further delayed and dose related (r2 = 0.51, P = 0.0004 and r2 = 0.76, P < 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Absorption and hypoglycemic action of increasing dosages of lispro are critically delayed in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Effect of PaCO2 and PaO2 on Lidocaine and Articaine Toxicity
Authors: Barcelos K. C. , Furtado D. P. , Ramacciato J. C. , Cabral A. M. , Haas D. A.
Published: September 2010

Alterations in arterial PaCO2 can influence local anesthetic toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stress-induced changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 on the seizure threshold of lidocaine and articaine. Lidocaine (2% with 1 ∶ 100,000 epinephrine) or articaine (4% with 1 ∶ 100,000 epinephrine) was administered intravenously under rest or stress conditions to 36 rats separated into 4 groups. Propranolol and prazosin were administered preoperatively to minimize cardiovascular effects of epinephrine. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and arterial pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 were measured. Results showed no differences in MAP, HR, or pH. Stress significantly increased the latency period for the first tonic-clonic seizure induced by a toxic dose of both lidocaine and articaine (P < .05). Seizures were brought on more rapidly by articaine. No significant difference between toxic doses of lidocaine and articaine was noted. Stress raised the seizure threshold dose for both drugs and significantly (P < .01) increased arterial PaO2 from 94.0 ± 1.90 mm Hg to 113.0 ± 2.20 mm Hg, and reduced PaCO2 from 36.0 ± 0.77 mm Hg to 27.0 ± 0.98 mm Hg. In conclusion, reduction in PaCO2 and/or increase in PaO2 raised the seizure threshold of lidocaine and articaine. This study also confirmed that lidocaine and articaine have equipotent central nervous system toxicity.
Application of Gum Elastic Bougie to Nasal Intubation
Authors: Arisaka Hirofumi , Sakuraba Shigeki , Furuya Munetaka , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Yui Hitoshi , Kiyama Shuya , Yoshida Kazu-ichi
Published: September 2010

Gum elastic bougie (GEB), a useful device for difficult airway management, has seldom been used for nasotracheal intubation. Among 632 patients undergoing dental procedures or oral surgery, GEB was used successfully in 16 patients in whom conventional nasal intubation had failed because of anatomical problems or maldirection of the tip of the tracheal tube. We recommend that GEB should be applied from the first attempt for nasal intubation in patients with difficult airways.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2009
Authors: Blanton Jesse D. , Palmer Dustyn , Rupprecht Charles E.
Published: September 2010

Summary—During 2009, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,690 rabid animals and 4 human rabies cases to the CDC, representing a 2.2% decrease from the 6,841 rabid animals and 2 human cases reported in 2008. Approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,327 (34.8%) raccoons, 1,625 (24.3%) bats, 1,603 (24.0%) skunks, 504 (75%) foxes, 300 (4.5%) cats, 81 (1.2%) dogs, and 74 (1.1%) cattle. Compared with 2008, numbers of rabid raccoons and bats that were reported decreased, whereas numbers of rabid skunks, foxes, cats, cattle, dogs, and horses that were reported increased.

Fewer rabid raccoons, compared with 2008, were reported by 12 of the 20 eastern states where raccoon rabies is enzootic, and number of rabid raccoons decreased by 2.6% overall nationally. Despite a 10% decrease in the number of rabid bats that were reported and a decrease in the total number of bats submitted for testing, bats were the second most commonly submitted animal, behind cats, during 2009. The number of rabid skunks that were reported increased by 0.9% overall. The proportion of rabid skunks in which infection was attributed to the raccoon rabies virus variant decreased from 473% in 2008 to 40.9% in 2009, resulting in a 12.7% increase in the number of rabid skunks infected with a skunk rabies virus variant. The number of rabid foxes increased 11.0% overall from the previous year.

Four cases of rabies involving humans were reported from Texas, Indiana, Virginia, and Michigan. The Texas case represented the first presumptive abortive human rabies case, with the patient recovering after the onset of symptoms without intensive care. The Indiana and Michigan cases were associated with bat rabies virus variants. The human rabies case in Virginia was associated with a canine rabies virus variant acquired during the patient's travel to India.
Evaluation of the association between plasma concentration of N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide and outcome in cats with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zimmering Tanja M. , Hungerbühler Stephan , Meneses Felix , Nolte Ingo , Simon Daniela
Published: September 2010

Objective—To determine whether plasma N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) concentration could predict the outcome (survival duration) of cats with cardiomyopathy (CM).

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—51 cats with CM (25 with and 26 without congestive heart failure [CHF]) and 17 healthy cats.

Procedures—Cats were thoroughly examined and assigned to 1 of 3 groups (control, CM with CHF, and CM alone). Plasma NT-proANP concentrations were measured by use of a human proANP(1-98) ELISA. Survival durations were compared between CM groups.

Results—Plasma NT-proANP concentrations differed significantly among the 3 groups, and survival durations differed significantly between the 2 CM groups. Median (range) NT-proANP concentration was 413 fmol/mL (52 to 940 fmol/mL) in the control group, 1,254 fmol/mL (167 to 2,818 fmol/mL) in the CM alone group, and 3,208 fmol/mL (1,189 to 15,462 fmol/mL) in the CM with CHF group. At a cutoff of 517 fmol/mL, NT-proANP concentration had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 82% for detecting CM. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the variable left atrium-to-aortic diameter ratio was a significant predictor of survival duration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma NT-proANP concentration may have potential as a testing marker for distinguishing healthy cats from cats with CM. It may also be useful for distinguishing CM cats with CHF from those without CHF The value of NT-proANP concentration as a predictor of survival duration was not supported in this study and requires further evaluation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:665-672)
Clinical signs and neuropathologic abnormalities in working Australian Kelpies with globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease)
Authors: Fletcher Jessica L. , Williamson Peter , Horan David , Taylor Rosanne M.
Published: September 2010

Objective—To characterize the clinical signs of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) in Australian Kelpies from a working line (AWKs) and determine whether an association existed between these signs and degrees of demyelination and inflammatory responses in affected brains.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—4 AWKs with GLD (cases) and 7 unaffected young adult dogs of mixed breeding (controls).

Procedures—Clinical records were reviewed for information on signalment, and samples of neurologic tissues underwent histological processing, immunohistochemical staining, and image analysis. Findings were compared between case and control dogs.

Results—The 4 affected AWKs had progressive ataxia, tremors, and paresis and low leukocyte activity of galactosylceramidase, the lysosomal enzyme deficient in GLD. Image analysis of neurologic tissue revealed globoid cells characteristic of GLD and substantial demyelination in the peripheral and central nervous systems, relative to that in neurologic tissue from control dogs. This was accompanied by microglial activation, reactive astrocyto-sis, and axonal spheroid formation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The demyelination, inflammatory responses, and axo-nal spheroids evident in the AWKs were consistent with the clinical signs of peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and cerebellar dysfunction. Because GLD is an autosomal recessive inherited disease, with considerable overlap in galactosylceramidase activity existing among heterozygotes and noncarriers, development of a molecular test is important for preventing the perpetuation of this disease in the Australian Kelpie breed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:682-688)
Układ Sterowania Bombą Lotniczą
Authors: Szklarski Adrian
Published: September 2010

Układ Sterowania Bombą Lotniczą

W artykule przedstawiony został model sterowania aerodynamicznego bombą. Do symulacji przyjęto ogólny model bomby lotniczej. Założenie to pozwala na zbudowanie uniwersalnego układu sterowania, który można zaimplementować do dowolnego rodzaju bomby sterowanej aerodynamicznie. Ważnym elementem adaptacji układu do bomby jest określenie jej wymiarów geometrycznych, z których za pomocą metod numerycznych lub doświadczalnych należy określić współczynniki aerodynamiczne. Sterowanie bombą po zadanym torze lotu jest korygowane i kontrolowane przez INS/GPS.
Application of the Strip Yield Model to Crack Growth Predictions for Structural Steel
Authors: Skorupa Małgorzata , Machniewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2010

Application of the Strip Yield Model to Crack Growth Predictions for Structural Steel

A strip yield model implementation by the present authors is applied to predict fatigue crack growth observed in structural steel specimens under various constant and variable amplitude loading conditions. Attention is paid to the model calibration using the constraint factors in view of the dependence of both the crack closure mechanism and the material stress-strain response on the load history. Prediction capabilities of the model are considered in the context of the incompatibility between the crack growth resistance for constant and variable amplitude loading.
Prediction of Helicopter H-V Zone and Cueing the Emergency Maneuver After Power Loss
Authors: Stanisławski Jarosław
Published: September 2010

Prediction of Helicopter H-V Zone and Cueing the Emergency Maneuver After Power Loss

The paper presents the results of simulation method for prediction of helicopter H-V zone envelope in the case of engine power loss. Depending on the loss rate of available power, the emergency maneuver for flight continuation is calculated, or the autorotation landing is predicted. The realization of an airborne device with in-built calculating procedure and graphic presentation of H-V zone predicted limits can improve safety level of helicopter flight, and can cue the pilot to make proper decision in emergency conditions. The results of emergency maneuver simulation were verified by comparing them with flight tests of Mi-2Plus helicopter for partial power unit failure, and with records of SW-4 helicopter autorotation landing. The operation of measurement-recording module, which consists of GPS receiver, inertial measurement unit and a computer of PC-104 standard, was checked during flight tests of a radio-controlled helicopter model.
Thoracic Kyphosis Affects Spinal Loads and Trunk Muscle Force
Authors: Briggs Andrew M , van Dieën Jaap H , Wrigley Tim V , Greig Alison M , Phillips Bev , Lo Sing Kai , Bennell Kim L
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose

Patients with increased thoracic curvature often come to physical therapists for management of spinal pain and disorders. Although treatment approaches are aimed at normalizing or minimizing progression of kyphosis, the biomechanical rationales remain unsubstantiated.

Subjects

Forty-four subjects (mean age [±SD]=62.3±7.1 years) were dichotomized into high kyphosis and low kyphosis groups.

Methods

Lateral standing radiographs and photographs were captured and then digitized. These data were input into biomechanical models to estimate net segmental loading from T2–L5 as well as trunk muscle forces.

Results

The high kyphosis group demonstrated significantly greater normalized flexion moments and net compression and shear forces. Trunk muscle forces also were significantly greater in the high kyphosis group. A strong relationship existed between thoracic curvature and net segmental loads (r =.85–.93) and between thoracic curvature and muscle forces (r =.70–.82).

Discussion and Conclusion

This study provides biomechanical evidence that increases in thoracic kyphosis are associated with significantly higher multisegmental spinal loads and trunk muscle forces in upright stance. These factors are likely to accelerate degenerative processes in spinal motion segments and contribute to the development of dysfunction and pain.
Determinants of Satisfaction With Community Reintegration in Older Adults With Chronic Stroke: Role of Balance Self-Efficacy
Authors: Pang Marco YC , Eng Janice J , Miller William C
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose

Many people with stroke have a low level of satisfaction with community reintegration. Although previous studies focused on the effect of physical factors on community reintegration, the effect of psychological factors, such as balance self-efficacy, has been ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of balance self-efficacy to satisfaction with community reintegration in older adults with chronic stroke.

Subjects

A sample of 63 community-dwelling older adults (50 years of age or older) with chronic stroke (onset of 1 year or more) participated in this study.

Methods

This study involved a secondary analysis of data collected from a stroke exercise clinical trial. Satisfaction with community reintegration was measured with the Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL) Index, and balance self-efficacy was measured with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale.

Results

Bivariate correlation analyses showed that the RNL Index scores were moderately correlated with the ABC Scale scores. In a multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, depression, and other impairments after stroke, balance self-efficacy remained independently associated with the RNL Index scores, accounting for 6.5% of the variance in the RNL Index scores.

Discussion and Conclusion

Balance self-efficacy is an independent predictor of satisfaction with community reintegration in older adults with chronic stroke. Improving balance self-efficacy may be instrumental in enhancing community reintegration in this population.