bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Integer Linear Programming and Dynamic Programming Approaches for ATM Cash Replenishment Optimization Problem
Authors: Özer Fazilet , Toroslu Ismail Hakki , Karagoz Pinar
Published: March 2020

With the automated teller machine (ATM) cash replenishment problem, banks aim to reduce the number of out-of-cash ATMs and duration of out-of-cash status. On the other hand, they want to reduce the cost of cash replenishment, as well. The problem conventionally involves forecasting ATM cash withdrawals, and then cash replenishment optimization based on the forecast. The authors assume that reliable forecasts are already obtained for the amount of cash needed in ATMs. The focus of the article is cash replenishment optimization. After introducing linear programming-based solutions, the authors propose a solution based on dynamic programming. Experiments conducted on real data reveal that the proposed approach can find the optimal solution more efficiently than linear programming.
An Integer-Order Transfer Function Estimation Algorithm for Fractional-Order PID Controllers
Authors: Bingi Kishore , Ibrahim Rosdiazli , Karsiti Mohd Noh , Hassan Sabo Miya , Harindran Vivekananda Rajah
Published: March 2020

Fractional-order systems and controllers have been extensively used in many control applications to achieve robust modeling and controlling performance. To implement these systems, curve fitting based integer-order transfer function estimation techniques namely Oustaloup and Matsuda are most widely used. However, these methods are failed to achieve the best approximation due to the limitation of the desired frequency range. Thus, this article presents a simple curve fitting based integer-order transfer function estimation method for fractional-order differentiator/integrator using frequency response. The advantage of this technique is that it is simple and can fit the entire desired frequency range. Using the approach, an approximation table for fractional-order differentiator has also been obtained which can be used directly to obtain the approximation of fractional-order systems. A simulation study on fractional systems shows that the proposed approach produced better parameter approximation for the desired frequency as compared to Oustaloup, refined Oustaloup and Matsuda techniques.
Personal Data Sharing and Legal Issues of Human Rights in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Sreenivasulu N.S.
Published: March 2020

Personal data sharing has become an important issue in public and private sectors of our society. However, data subjects are perceived to be always unwilling to share their data on security and privacy reasons. They apprehend that those data will be misused at the cost of their privacy jeopardising their human rights. Thus, personal data sharing is closely associated with human right issues. This concern of data subjects has increased manifolds owing to the interference of Artificial Intelligence (AI) since AI can analyse data without human intervention. In this background, this article has taken an attempt to investigate how applications of AI and imposition of regulatory controls with appropriate governance can influence the impact of personal data sharing on the issues of human right abuses.
Farming on Facebook, Camera-less Food Photography and a New Indian Pastoral
Authors: Blaney Aileen
Published: March 2020

Lacunae in media images and reports of death and agrarian based suffering, experienced by India's debt prone farmers, have only begun to be addressed in the Indian news media. While the agrarian crisis is spectacularized through 24 hour news cycle images, analysis of underlying causes is less common in print and digital media. Kheti Badi, a photo-series produced from screenshots of FarmVille (an Adobe Flash gaming application on Facebook), interrogates this media impasse. It critiques homogenized images of food and farming, which rise to the top of web search results, and photojournalistic images showing the dignified suffering of Indian agricultural workers. Kheti Badi's computer made images are an alternative to visual stereotyping of rural India in photojournalism. Its technological inventiveness neither spectacularizes farmer protests or suicides nor aestheticizes pastoral qualities associated with the land. To make visible the changing nature of food production and need to reform farming in India, and its media coverage, Kheti Badi supplants the Indian pastoral with a new pictorial.
Dynamic Load Sharing of Combined Pile Raft Foundation (CPRF) for Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Karmakar Soubhagya , Ranjan Rajiv , Phanikanth Vedula Srinivasa
Published: March 2020

Combined pile raft foundation (CPRF) is one of the emerging concepts for providing a cost-effective and efficient solutions for heavily-loaded structures. However, predicting the behaviour of such foundations, especially the load sharing between raft and pile is a challenge due to its inherent complex interactions. Existing analysis methods are either bound within a range of simplifying assumptions or sometimes computationally demanding. Hence, an attempt has been made to evolve a simple and easily implementable methodology, considering non-linear degrading behaviour of soil in a rational manner. The approach has first been validated with measured response during an experimental centrifuge testing of a CPRF in soft Malaysian kaolin clay and an instrumented bridge (Impulsora) founded in soft clayey soil. Subsequently, a range of comparative parametric evaluation of load sharing and settlement characterstics has been carried out which has indicated the importance of pile layout, length and numbers to arrive at a safe and economic design.
Site Characterization and Evaluation of Seismic Sources for Amaravati Region
Authors: Reddy Madhusudhan , Konda Rajashekara Reddy , Kumar Gonavaram Kalyan , Asadi S.S.
Published: March 2020

After the bifurcation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh (AP) state in 2014, the Amaravati and adjoining localities has been proposed as a new capital region to the state of AP, India. As per the seismic zonation map of India, the proposed region falls in zone III. However, the prediction of damage level due to earthquakes is highly impossible, as it is influenced by many regional factors. In order to estimate the damage level from the future earthquakes in the present study, the various compositions involved in the regional fields of geological, geomorphological and soil characteristics are evaluated for the selected study region. In addition to this, to understand the seismicity of this region the earthquake catalogue and seismotectonic map have been prepared by collecting the data within 300km radial distance from Velgapudi (16° 52'N, 80° 51'E) as a center. The results of different fields represented in the form of thematic maps for this geographical information system (GIS) software has been used.
Blockchain in Healthcare
Authors: Agbo Cornelius Chidubem , Mahmoud Qusay H.
Published: March 2020

Blockchain, an immutable ledger or database shared by peers in a network, is comprised of records of events or transactions that are appended chronologically. Introduced via Bitcoin to the world, blockchain is increasingly being accepted and adopted in different industries and for diverse use cases. Among key industries, health care offers several significant opportunities for applying blockchain conceptualization. Chief areas for health care blockchain applications include electronic medical records management, pharmaceutical supply chain management, biomedical research and education, remote patient monitoring, health insurance claim processing, and health data analytics. Even so, applying blockchain concepts in health care is not without challenges, including interoperability, security-privacy, scalability-speed, and stakeholders' engagement issues. While these challenges may militate against blockchain applications in health care, there are possible countermeasures and implementation techniques, which if adhered to, can reasonably contain many aspects of such challenges.
Computer Architecture
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Gandhi Geeta Chhabra
Published: March 2020

It is a well-known fact that the expansion of Internet has given rise to many daily activities which are being done online including financial and personal data transactions which has developed the need of security like never before. It has made people realize that the data on the internet must be secured as many types of attacks are increasing day by day with the advancement of technology. So, here the requirement is to ensure that the services are supplied to a legitimate user rather than bots to prevent service abuse. The present article provides such a security from bots with the help of a standard security mechanism called CAPTCHA. A new cognition-based design of CAPTCHA is produced overcoming the limitation of presently available CAPTCHA. Also, a new architecture for producing these CAPTCHA codes randomly is presented in this article so that the differentiation among a legitimate user and Bots can be made. Thus, the major objective of the article is to present an optimum security mechanism for differentiating among humans and Bots.
An Empirical Study of the Virtual Simulation System Teaching Method in NC Machining
Authors: Li Jinping , Li Yongxiang , Bao Huihuang , Yu Cong , Guo Haixia
Published: March 2020

Educational informatization has become the inevitable trend of modern education development. This study puts forward a virtual simulation system teaching method for a numerically controlled machining course which is based on constructivism leaning theory and the system teaching method. This is to promote the students' theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the course of engineering training. The findings of a study designed to measure the benefits and effectiveness of the virtual simulation system teaching method for the development of numerically controlled machining course, compared with traditional teaching methods. And the subsequent questionnaire survey indicates that the proposed teaching method enables to provide the concrete experience of interaction between the students and the simulation environment. The study revealed that the students who engaged in the use of the virtual simulation system teaching method in their teaching and learning methods, obtained significantly greater achievement in the study than the students who solely received traditional instruction.
Participatory Sensing or Sensing of Participation
Authors: Modaresnezhad Minoo , Nemati Hamid
Published: March 2020

Smart devices have become a basic necessity in this technically advanced era. Many smart device applications, when installed, collect personal data and track users' online behavior for marketing or other purposes. This study aims to explore whether users are aware of related privacy issues and whether their knowledge influences the usage of their apps. Cognate-based views of privacy indicate that privacy concern is dynamic and varies depending on an individual's characteristics and the context. Adopting this view creates the attempt to understand the effect of privacy awareness on user's behavior, considering the moderating effects of individual characteristics and application categories. The study was conducted by surveying smart devices' users and analyzing their responses to the privacy awareness treatment across eight groups of applications. Results indicate that privacy awareness impacts smart device user preferences for app usage. This influence varies depending on individual user characteristics and different application categories.
Effects of Bismuth Content on the Microstructure, Shear Strength and Thermal Properties of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni Solder Joints
Authors: Sungkhaphaitoon Phairote , Suwansukho Tanyaporn
Published: March 2020

The effects of bismuth content on the microstructure, shear strength and thermal properties of Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder joints were investigated. Adding 2 wt% elemental Bi to Sn-0.7Cu-0.05Ni solder joints reduced peak temperature by about 6.7 °C, increased pasty range by 4.2 °C and raised undercooling by 3.1 °C. The microstructure of the interfacial layer between solder and Cu substrate was composed of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and (Cu,Ni)3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The solder joint included a phase of SnBi and Cu6Sn5 IMCs. The addition of elemental Bi increased shear strength and suppressed the growth of IMCs in the interfacial layer of the solder joints.
Interfacial Bonding Behavior of Stainless Steel / Carbon Steel in Cold Rolling Process
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhang Qing Dong
Published: March 2020

A cylindrical indenter was designed to simulate the roller and 304 stainless steel / Q235A carbon steel plate with different roughness were bonded together. The interfacial bonding behavior was investigated by SEM, ultrasonic “C” scanning detection and nanoindentation test. The result reveal that with the increase of contact pressure between interfaces, the atoms of dissimilar metals begin to diffuse across interfaces in some regions, then form island-like bonding regions, and eventually extend to the whole interface. There are no obvious cracks on the surface of stainless steel and carbon steel after deformation. The cold roll-bonding mechanism of stainless steel and carbon steel is that elements on both sides of the interface diffuse and form a shallow diffusion layer under pressure to ensure the joint strength, and the joint bonding strength is greater than the strength of carbon steel matrix. In addition, the surface morphology of base metal has a great influence on the interfacial bonding quality. The higher surface roughness values increases the hardening degree of rough peak, which makes real contact area difficult to increase and reduce the interfacial bonding quality.
Process Development: Burr and Film Formation during High Speed Punching of Extruded PC Based Polymers
Authors: Noller Sebastian F. , Heiler Roland , Pfennig Anja
Published: March 2020

First investigations focus on the usage, processing and material properties of polycarbonate (PC) based materials used in cable duct production. Test coupons were taken from in-situ cable ducts including further additives generally used in industry. Different mechanical and optical analytical methods were performed. Significant differences in tensile properties of polycarbonate/ acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) compared to mineral reinforced PC were observed. The hardness of mineral reinforced PC is significantly dependent on the geometry of the cable ducts. The fracture behavior and morphology of the PC/ABS fracture surface is directly related to the coupon temperature during Charpy impact testing. The process temperature influences the failure behavior during high impact processing such as high speed punching. Due to the lower impact strength of mineral reinforced PC less film and burr formation compared to PC/ABS are likely. However, the mineral distribution is not homogeneous and therefore subject to further investigation. This study aims at a better understanding of process properties of PC/ABS products, parameter selection, quality improvement and general understanding of underlying microstructural and surface properties.
Microstructure Appearance of TC4 Titanium Alloy Welded Join by Pulsed Electron Beam
Authors: Dai Hai Lin , Du Rui Zhao , He Yun , Xing Shuai , Liu Fang Jun
Published: March 2020

Study on microstructure appearance of 3 mm thick TC4 titanium alloy welded join by common electron beam and pulsed electron beam were carried out. Experimental results show that pulsed electron beam improved grain size and decreased the cooling velocity of weld metal by oscillation and fast cooling effect, the acicular martensite decomposes β phase and transforms to finer and more α′ phase, which shows an interwoven pattern.
Experimental Study of AFRP-Confined Square and Circular Concrete Columns Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Liu Yi , Yang Yue Ting , Zeng Jing , Chen Ling
Published: March 2020

An experimental investigation on square and circular high-strength concrete short columns confined with aramid fiber-reinforced polymer (AFRP) sheets was conducted in this study. Fiber Bragg grating sensors have been applied successfully in monitoring of the strains of the AFRP-confined square and circular concrete columns. The experimental results demonstrate that two types of axial force-strain curves were observed depending on the form of the column. Results show fiber Bragg grating sensors have good repeatability and the ultimate load of the circular concrete column is larger than that of the square concrete column. The interlaminar strains of AFRP and high-strength concrete have also been attained. It helps to analyze the constraint effect of the concrete column and compute the ultimate load of the square and circular concrete column.
GelMa Microbubbles Prepared in Microfluidics as Suitable Cell Carriers
Authors: Jiang Fu Liang , Zhang Hong Bo , Zhang Wen Jun
Published: March 2020

Microfluidics has great control over the size and uniformity of microspheres, which has been widely used in fabrication of different types of microspheres such as core-shell microbubbles. Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMa) as a biodegradable material that is closely resemble to native extracellular matrix (ECM). Photocrosslinked GelMa microspheres have gained numerous concerns in biomedical applications especially in three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering. In this article, we presented a suitable core-shell cell carrier based on biocompatible GelMa microbubbles. Highly monodispersed microbubbles were fabricated using a non-planar flow focusing microfluidic device. Both intact and collapsed microbubbles morphology were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where clear hollow structures were found resulting from the gas core collapsing during the manipulation process. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded in the existence of microbubbles. Cells adhesion, migration and proliferation were observed in one week. It was notable that cells maintained high level of cell viability throughout the experiment. GelMa microbubble surface was also covered with cells, which became a facile carrier for cell culturing and targeted cell delivery.
Formation of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract through Two Phases System of Hexane-Water and their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yulizar Yoki , Apriandanu Dewangga Oky Bagus , Pratiwi Yessi
Published: March 2020

Co3O4 nanoparticles (NP) have been successfully formed using Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) through two phases’s system of hexane–water. Co3O4 NP was further characterized using UV-Vis DRS, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDX, XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra of Co3O4 NP had strong absorption bands at wavenumbers of 538 and 670 cm-1. The bandgap energy value of Co3O4 NP was 1.43 eV. In addition, the characterization of SEM and TEM showed that the morphology of Co3O4 NP was in the spheres form with particle sizes around 73 nm. The photocatalytic activity of Co3O4 NP was carried out for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. Co3O4 NP had photodegradation activity against MB under visible light irradiation of 91% for 120 min.
Negative Regulation of TLR Signaling by BCAP Requires Dimerization of Its DBB Domain
Authors: Lauenstein Johannes U. , Scherm Michael J. , Udgata Atul , Moncrieffe Martin C. , Fisher David I. , Gay Nicholas J.
Published: March 2020

The B cell adaptor protein (BCAP) is a multimodular regulator of inflammatory signaling in diverse immune system cells. BCAP couples TLR signaling to phosphoinositide metabolism and inhibits MyD88-directed signal transduction. BCAP is recruited to the TLR signalosome forming multitypic interactions with the MAL and MyD88 signaling adaptors. In this study, we show that indirect dimerization of BCAP TIR is required for negative regulation of TLR signaling. This regulation is mediated by a transcription factor Ig (TIG/IPT) domain, a fold found in the NF-κB family of transcription factors. We have solved the crystal structure of the BCAP TIG and find that it is most similar to that of early B cell factor 1 (EBF1). In both cases, the dimer is stabilized by a helix-loop-helix motif at the C terminus and interactions between the β-sheets of the Ig domains. BCAP is exclusively localized in the cytosol and is unable to bind DNA. Thus, the TIG domain is a promiscuous dimerization module that has been appropriated for a range of regulatory functions in gene expression and signal transduction.
Machine learning predictive system based upon radiodensitometric distributions from mid-thigh CT images
Authors: Recenti Marco , Ricciardi Carlo , Edmunds Kyle , Gislason Magnus K. , Gargiulo Paolo
Published: March 2020

The nonlinear trimodal regression analysis (NTRA) method based on radiodensitometric CT images distributions was developed for the quantitative characterization of soft tissue changes according to the lower extremity function of elderly subjects. In this regard, the NTRA method defines 11 subject-specific soft tissue parameters and has illustrated high sensitivity to changes in skeletal muscle form and function. The present work further explores the use of these 11 NTRA parameters in the construction of a machine learning (ML) system to predict body mass indexand isometric leg strength using tree-based regression algorithms. Results obtained from thesemodels demonstrate that when using an ML approach, these soft tissue features have a significant predictive value for these physiological parameters. These results further support the use of NTRA-based ML predictive assessment and support the future investigation of other physiological parametersand comorbidities.
Infant mortality in Sudan: Health equity, territorial disparity and social determinants of health
Authors: Boutayeb Abdesslam , Lamlili Mohamed , Ouazza Ahmed , Abdu Mohammed , Azouagh Nabil
Published: March 2020

Recognition of, and acting on, Social Determinants of Health is crucial for reducing health inequalities and territorial disparities and hence improving health of the whole population. Although Sudan was among the first countries which adopted a roadmap for Health in All Policies, health inequity remains an important challenge for health makers in this country. This paper illustrates the urgent need to reduce health inequalities in Sudan by acting on Social Determinants of Health. Descriptive statistics and Principal Components Analysis were used to get summarized multidimensional data information. Statistical significance of differences was tested by Pearson’s chi-squared. A large territorial disparity was found between the 18 states. Infant mortality rate is more than three times higher in East Darfur (88.5) than in River Nile (28.1). Ratios of 1.9 and 1.6 were indicated for income and mother education respectively. A lower gap was seen for milieu (1.2) and gender (1.34). The difference was statistically significant for states (p-value <0.0001), income (p-value <0.001) and education (p-value <0.005). Urgent strategies are needed by acting sufficiently on social determinants of health like milieu, gender, education, income and territoriality in order to reduce avoidable heath inequalities and unacceptable territorial disparities in Sudan.
Factors associated with stockout of Nevirapine syrup in Oshana Region, Namibia
Authors: Magesa Emmanuel , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore , Angula Penehafo
Published: March 2020

Infants who are born with HIV/AIDS is still a public health concern in developing countries, especially in Sub Saharan Africa. In Namibia, it is estimated that the prevalence rate of HIV pregnant women is around 17.2%, makes it to be among the countries with the highest prevalence rates among HIV women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Some improvement regarding Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission has been made, however, frequent stock out of Nevirapine syrup continues to slow down, government efforts to foster the emergence of an HIV-free generation of Namibians. Given the nature of current conditions, justification exists for a study to determine the factors associated with stock out of Nevirapine (NVP) syrup.Mixed method was employed. In which descriptive approach was employed to acquire data from a period of five years retrospectively (2012-2016) and informants from different levels of supply chain in Oshana region. Initial, order receiving is not a predictor of NVP syrup. Lack of pharmaceutical knowledge is the biggest challenge which leads to sporadic stock out of NVP syrup. Pharmaceutical knowledge of ordering NVP syrup is needed to prevent stock out of NVP syrup. It is a recommendation of this study that training is needed for staffs who are involved in ordering of pharmaceutical items.
Prevalence, determinants, and effects of violence during pregnancy: A maternity-based cross-sectional study in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Nimi Tazi , Fraga Silvia , Costa Diogo , Campos Paulo , Barros Henrique
Published: March 2020

Information on the extent of violence against women is scarce in Angola. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of violence against pregnant women in Angola and to identify its sociodemographic determinants and effects on pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2012 and February 2013, involving 995 women who delivered at a Maternity in Luanda, Angola. Information was collected through questionnaires administered by interviewers. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 13.0%. Exclusively physical, psychological or sexual violence was reported by 4.3%, 7.7% and 0.2% of the women, respectively. After adjustment, the occurrence of physical violence decreased with increasing age and education, and was more common among women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy, while psychological violence was significantly more frequent among women aged 20 to 24 years and those who had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15, and less frequent among those who were married or in cohabitation. This first study describing violence against pregnant Angolan women showed that violence is a frequent event, supporting that violence assessment should be considered in antenatal care.
Morphology and Anabolic Response of Skeletal Muscles Subjected to Eccentrically or Concentrically Biased Exercise
Authors: Lepley Lindsey K. , Davi Steven M. , Hunt Emily R. , Burland Julie P. , White McKenzie S. , McCormick Grace Y. , Butterfield Timothy A.
Published: March 2020

Context

Long-term eccentric exercise is known to promote muscle growth better than concentric exercise, but its acute effect on muscle is not well understood because of misinterpreted modeling and in situ and in vitro stretch protocols. Knowing if the initial bout of eccentric exercise promotes muscle growth and limits damage is critical to understanding the effect of this mode of exercise.

Objective

To directly evaluate the immediate effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on untrained muscle when fiber strains were physiological and exercise doses were comparable.

Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 40 skeletally mature male Long-Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 452.1 ± 35.2 g) were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise (downhill walking, n = 16), concentric exercise (uphill walking, n = 16), or control (no exercise, n = 8) group.

Intervention(s)

Rats were exposed to a single 15-minute bout of eccentric or concentric exercise on a motorized treadmill and then were euthanized at 6 or 24 hours postexercise. We harvested the vastus lateralis muscle bilaterally.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The percentage increase or decrease in protein abundance in exercised animals relative to that in unexercised control animals was evaluated as elevated phosphorylated p70S6k relative to total p70S6k. Fiber damage was quantified using immunoglobulin G permeability staining. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were performed.

Results

Rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 24 hours had higher percentage response protein synthesis rates than rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 6 hours (P = .02) or to concentric exercise and euthanized at 6 (P = .03) or 24 (P = .03) hours. We assessed 9446 fibers for damage and found only 1 fiber was infiltrated (in the concentric exercise group euthanized at 6 hours). Furthermore, no between-groups differences in immunoglobulin G fluorescent intensity were detected (P = .94).

Conclusions

Incorporating eccentric exercise is a simple, universally available therapeutic intervention for promoting muscle recovery. A single 15-minute dose of eccentric exercise to a novice muscle can better exert an anabolic effect than a comparable dose of concentric exercise, with very limited evidence of fiber damage.
Athletic Trainer Burnout: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Oglesby Leslie W. , Gallucci Andrew R. , Wynveen Christopher J.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To identify the causes, effects, and prevalence of burnout in athletic trainers (ATs) identified in the literature.

Data Sources

EBSCO: SPORTDiscus and OneSearch were accessed, using the search terms athletic trainer AND burnout.

Study Selection

Studies selected for inclusion were peer reviewed, published in a journal, and written in English and investigated prevalence, causes, effects, or alleviation of AT burnout.

Data Extraction

The initial search yielded 558 articles. Articles that did not specifically involve ATs were excluded from further inspection. The remaining 83 full-text articles were reviewed. Of these 83 articles, 48 examined prevalence, causes, effects, or alleviation of AT burnout. An evaluation of the bibliographies of those 48 articles revealed 3 additional articles that were not initially identified but met the inclusion criteria. In total, 51 articles were included in data collection.

Data Synthesis

Articles were categorized based on investigation of prevalence, causes, effects, or alleviation of burnout. Articles were also categorized based on which subset of the athletic training population they observed (ie, athletic training students, certified graduate assistants, high school or collegiate staff members, academic faculty).

Conclusions

Burnout was observed in all studied subsets of the population (ie, students, graduate assistants, staff, faculty), and multiple causes of burnout were reported. Suggested causes of burnout in ATs included work-life conflict and organizational factors such as poor salaries, long hours, and difficulties dealing with the “politics and bureaucracy” of athletics. Effects of burnout in ATs included physical, emotional, and behavioral concerns (eg, intention to leave the job or profession).
Evaluation of corrective actions of feedback from clinicians on Clinical Laboratory Services at Bamenda Regional Hospital Laboratory, Cameroon
Authors: Fondoh Victor N. , Awasom Charles N. , Enow-Tanjong Rebecca , Fondoh Richard M. , Njukeng Patrick , Shang Judith , Ndasi Juliana , Samje Moses , Muluh Claris N. , Kinge Thompson N.
Published: March 2020

Background: Customers’ satisfaction is imperative for success. Clinical laboratories continuously strive to attain very high levels of customer satisfaction to serve their clients and maintain accreditation. The concept of customer satisfaction has not yet been asserted in most clinical laboratories in Cameroon.Objectives: Our objectives were to assess the satisfaction of clinicians with the laboratory services at the Bamenda Regional Hospital Laboratory, identify important challenges, corrective actions implemented and changes in satisfaction.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed secondary data from clinician satisfaction survey records from March 2017 and November 2017. Challenges and implemented corrective actions were identified for assessed statements of dissatisfaction (dissatisfaction rates ≥ 20%) on the March 2017 survey. Satisfaction rates in March 2017 and November 2017 were compared.Results: High levels of dissatisfaction were observed for general satisfaction, waiting time, communication, duty consciousness, specimen collection and approach on the March 2017 survey. The main challenges identified were: lack of respect for the expected length of the waiting time, poor attitude, inadequate information, staff shortage and inadequate supervision. Statistically significant reductions in rates of dissatisfaction were observed for general satisfaction, waiting time, communication, response to emergencies, issuing of results, specimen collection, approach and duty consciousness.Conclusion: Waiting time is a major cause of clinician dissatisfaction with laboratory services. The identification of clinicians’ challenges and the effective implementation of corrective actions contribute to improvements in clinician satisfaction.
Cerebral Palsy Part II: Treatment of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
‘Deliver us from patriarchy’: A gendered perspective of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa and implications for pastoral care
Authors: Chisale Sinenhlanhla S.
Published: March 2020

The church is a fertile ground for nurturing and protecting patriarchy. Within the Christian church, gender equality remains a theoretical notion, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (ELCSA) is no exception in this regard. Written from the perspective of African women’s theology, this article critically reflects on and interprets gender issues in ELCSA leadership structures by exploring the gender biases involved in the running of the church and the implications of these biases for gender questions about reformation and pastoral care in ELCSA congregations. Findings indicate that the gender gap in ELCSA structures is neither biblical nor constitutional but is protected by the presence of wives of bishops, deans and pastors who are placed strategically in women’s leagues, particularly the Prayer Women’s League (PWL). In addition, qualifying the bishops, deans and pastors as ex-officio members of these groups constitutes an obstacle to achieving gender equality in the Church’s leadership structures and has implications for pastoral care in the ELCSA.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article is written from a Christian-anthropological perspective. By reviewing literature from social sciences, practical and systematic theology, it integrates sociological and African traditional assumptions of gender and religion that hinder the African church’s reformation praxis, thereby affecting pastoral care.
Gestion des déchets ménagers dans la ville de Kinshasa : Enquête sur la perception des habitants et propositions
Authors: Holenu Mangenda Holy , Mulaba Pius , Kiawutua Alfred
Published: March 2020

In the city of Kinshasa, waste generation in 2016 is estimated at 5,600 tonnes per day (Lelo Nzuzi, 2008), 16,800 tonnes/month and 2,016,000 tonnes per year (Holenu Mangenda H., 2016). This waste is produced by an estimated population of more than 12,000,000, with an area of the city of 9,965 km2. The results of this study were obtained from field surveys and interviews carried out in the communes of the city of Kinshasa, that is to say 22 communes, and among the actors working in the field of waste management. These results show that the main cause of the pervasiveness of uncontrolled landfills is the indiscipline of the population, and in terms of collection, there is the inefficiency of state services on the ground. Contrary to international standards on landfill management, the population of the city of Kinshasa daily discards waste in unauthorized places with harmful consequences on the environment and on the health of the population. The management system that is proposed must follow the system "RVM" (Reduction, Valuation and Landfilling), this system recommends in a first place the reduction of waste, that is to say, the waste must be exempted before proceeding to the recovery stage so that the proposed final landfills no longer receive excessive volumes of waste. This approach will not only combat pollution caused by the effects of wild landfills, but also combat climate change and mitigate warming due to greenhouse gases.

Cet article présente un travail d’enquêtes et interviews menées auprès des habitants des 22 communes constituant la ville de Kinshasa ainsi que des acteurs de la gestion des déchets sur leur perception de la gestion des déchets municipaux et l’existence de très nombreux dépôts sauvages dans la ville. La production de déchets municipaux de la ville de Kinshasa, RD Congo, a été estimée en 2016 à 2 millions de tonnes par an (Lelo Nzuzi, 2008), soit 5 600 tonnes par jour, pour une population estimée à plus de 12 millions d’habitants.Les résultats des enquêtes montrent que les principales causes de la mauvaise gestion sont jugées être l’inefficacité du système de collecte mis en place et l’indiscipline de la population. La population de la ville de Kinshasa jette quotidiennement les déchets dans les lieux non autorisés, avec des conséquences néfastes sur l’environnement et sur la santé de la population. Face à cette situation, il est proposé de mettre en place de manière effective le système dit « RVM » (Réduction, Valorisation et Mise en décharges), qui préconise dans un premier lieu la réduction de la production de déchets, puis la valorisation des déchets produits, et enfin seulement la mise en décharge de déchets résiduels non valorisables. Cette approche permettrait non seulement de lutter contre les pollutions des milieux dues aux dépôts et décharges sauvages, mais aussi de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et leurs effets sur le dérèglement climatique.
The effect of ensiling and alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic acidification of Napier grass in the leached bed process
Authors: Kullavanijaya Pratin , Chavalpalit Orathai
Published: March 2020

The characteristics of feedstock are important to the biocatalyst-based processes. Herein the effect of ensiling and alkaline pretreatment on acidification of Napier grass in anaerobic leached bed reactors was investigated. The results depicted clearly that grass preparation affected its chemical properties and leaching ability differently. After pretreatment in 3.0% of NaOH, lignin was reduced significantly by 50.1% to 68.0%, while less deterioration was found for ensiling. About 18.9% to 54.1% of the produced soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of these biomasses was increased subsequently compared to 0.102 kg SCOD or 0.56 kg SCOD/kg VSadded of raw grass digestion. However, about 3.3% of SCOD was reduced after the ensiling. An extension of biomass soaking time and heat supplementation under alkali-thermal conditions of raw grass promoted more production of SCOD for 18.9% to 29.9% and 54.1%, respectively. While about 45.5% to 54.4% of SCOD was increased for alkali-thermal pretreated residue. The solid content and lignocelluloses were changed differently and accordingly with treatment conditions. Similar profiles of leachates contained mainly acetic acid were obtained. These results confirm the beneficial application of alkaline soaking and ensiling as a pretreatment method to enhance the solubilization of grass biomass under the leached bed acidification process.
Computational water management strategy of Tlawng River Basin using geo-informatics
Authors: Lalhmingliana  , Rao Ch.Udaya Bhaskara , Saha Goutam
Published: March 2020

Aizawl city is experiencing seasonal water scarcity. Tlawng is the longest River in Mizoram which flows for about 234 km length in Mizoram in south - north direction and joins the River Barak in Cachar district of Assam state. As Tlawng River is close to the Aizawl city, it will be wise to make some safe and durable strategy for storing rain water safely in predefined reservoirs and use it during hour of needs for domestic and agricultural purposes. In fact, Aizawl city is located within the Tlawng River basin at an average elevation of about 1,200 metres above mean sea level. An attempt has been made in this study for identification of feasible sites for construction of water reservoirs at appropriate locations based on the integration of thematic data on slope, flow accumulation, lithology, drainage density, lineament density and lineament direction using the advanced tools of ArcGIS software. Thirty two ideal sites have been identified in the vicinity of Aizawl city based on the multi-criteria evaluation of the thematic layers.
La transformación de habilidades (III): Sentimiento y técnica en sincronicidad.
Authors: Velasco Caballero Sergio
Published: March 2020

La acción humana se desarrolla en un marco de evolución biológico-cultural que puede reflejar la psicología de los individuos mediante diversas técnicas (Antonio R. Damasio). Con el fin de enriquecer este proceso y contribuir a un desarrollo más eficiente de las habilidades necesarias, se establece un paralelismo significativo entre sentimientos y técnicas a través del concepto de sincronicidad (Carl Gustav Jung, David Peat). Esto nos permite trascender los planteamientos de la psicotecnia para afianzar un método que influya creativamente sobre el comportamiento y las capacidades técnicas, especialmente gracias a la incorporación simbólica de fallas, un recurso inspirado en la producción artística.
Performance urbano: “Besadora de ciudades”, acción artística en estado nómada
Authors: Martí Sandra Amelia
Published: March 2020

La ciudad que habito y que me habita por momentos es la ciudad que me afecta. Decidí re-significarla por medio de una práctica artística denominada “Besadora de ciudades”. Es una acción artística–performance que desarrollo nómadamente desde hace algunos años (desde el 2008, hasta la fecha) en diversas ciudades de México y del extranjero. Es un proyecto que recupera el cuerpo en estado afectivo, fuera del conjunto de marcos normativos que suponen  disciplinamientos. En una acción de caminar, sentir y recorrer espacios, a fin de colocar en ellos pequeñas huellas referenciales: besos. Éstos se efectúan y colocan (estampan) en sitios disímbolos como obras gráficas colocada en la calle, o bien sobre lugares y objetos del mobiliario urbano que despierten algún interés en particular. Esta acción (re)significante tiene lugar durante paseos que adquieren vida propia y propician la creación de imágenes–besos que captan las emociones suscitadas por los distintos ambientes del libre transitar. Para todas estas situaciones gráfico–escénicas se genera, a su vez, la respectiva constancia fotográfica. Todo lo nombrado  se vincula con los conceptos de género y cuerpo de mujer en el contexto urbano. Los roles culturalmente asociados a los cuerpos, son interactivamente reproducidos por matrices sociales que perpetúan prácticas y materializan códigos que se ponen de manifiesto en el ordenamiento del espacio construido, el cual a su vez, disciplina los cuerpos y sus experiencias. Apelo al flanear como actitud de recorrido vital y abierta lo cual refiere a una especie de vivencia experimental entre yo sujeto (besante) y el objeto (ciudad). Éste ejercicio se entrelaza con tramas, búsquedas poéticas, desplazamientos, imaginarios, marcos teóricos, diálogos abiertos, hallazgos y el amplio porvenir  de la estética urbana. 
El proceso de evaluación de la investigación y la producción artística. La Licenciatura en Arte Contemporáneo de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí como caso de estudio
Authors: Castillo Medina Eduardo , Meneses Gutierrez Juan Pablo
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los instrumentos de evaluación de proyectos de investigación y de producción artística, que permitan ponderar los proyectos que el alumnado de la Licenciatura en arte contemporáneo de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí en México, realizan durante su formación. El seguimiento del proceso de evaluación por parte del profesorado ha propiciado el diseño de instrumentos a fin de que los estudiantes comprendan cómo y qué se evalúa. El desarrollo de un proyecto comprende desde la parte conceptual hasta la culminación en una pieza artística. Los conceptos a evaluar son cinco: 1) bitácora; 2) fichas referenciales; 3) proyecto escrito; 4) registro de talleréo y desarrollo de producción (RTP); 5) pieza final y montaje de la obra. Con estos criterios los y las docentes establecen razones claras para la evaluación y mayor certeza a la hora de calificar y retroalimentar al alumnado. En la bitácora el alumnado vacía sus ideas por medio de esquemas, dibujos, bocetos, avances de investigación, que ayudan a que el proceso creativo sea ordenado, pero a la vez libre. Las Fichas referenciales hacen visible y medible la investigación. El Proyecto escrito describe los objetivos, la justificación de la obra, el cronograma de trabajo y el presupuesto necesario para su realización; en él se mide la argumentación, claridad y alcances. Los dos últimos instrumentos son el RTP y la pieza final; en el caso del RTP se trata de un documento en donde el alumnado evidencia todo su proceso de investigación, experimentación y montaje de la pieza.
Ionosonde total electron content evaluation using International Global Navigation Satellite System Service data
Authors: Klipp Telmo dos Santos , Petry Adriano , de Souza Jonas Rodrigues , de Paula Eurico Rodrigues , Falcão Gabriel Sandim , de Campos Velho Haroldo Fraga
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In this work, a period of 2 years (2016–2017) of ionospheric total electron content (ITEC) from ionosondes operating in Brazil is compared to the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) vertical total electron content (vTEC) data. Sounding instruments from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) provided the ionograms used, which were filtered based on confidence score (CS) and C-Level flag evaluation. Differences between vTEC from IGS maps and ionosonde TEC were accumulated in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE). As expected, we noticed that the ITEC values provided by ionosondes are systematically underestimated, which is attributed to a limitation in the electron density modeling for the ionogram topside that considers a fixed scale height, which makes density values decay too rapidly above ∼800 km, while IGS takes in account electron density from GNSS stations up to the satellite network orbits. The topside density profiles covering the plasmasphere were re-modeled using two different approaches: an optimization of the adapted α-Chapman exponential decay that includes a transition function between the F2 layer and plasmasphere and a corrected version of the NeQuick topside formulation. The electron density integration height was extended to 20 000 km to compute TEC. Chapman parameters for the F2 layer were extracted from each ionogram, and the plasmaspheric scale height was set to 10 000 km. A criterion to optimize the proportionality coefficient used to calculate the plasmaspheric basis density was introduced in this work. The NeQuick variable scale height was calculated using empirical parameters determined with data from Swarm satellites. The mean RMSE for the whole period using adapted α-Chapman optimization reached a minimum of 5.32 TECU, that is, 23 % lower than initial ITEC errors, while for the NeQuick topside formulation the error was reduced by 27 %.