bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water‐Stable and Photo‐Patternable Siloxane‐Encapsulated Upconversion Nanoparticles toward Flexible Near‐Infrared Phototransistors
Authors: Lee Injun , Park Cheolmin , Kim Tae Soo , Kang Minsoo , Oh Hyeongyeol , Jang Jinhyeong , Park Jungjae , Yuk Jong Min , Lee Hohjai , Park Chan Beum , Choi Sung‐Yool , Kang Kibum , Lee Wonryung , Bae Byeong‐Soo
Published: March 2023

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), as near‐infrared (NIR) absorbers, are promising materials for use in flexible NIR photodetectors, which can be applied for wearable healthcare applications due to their advantages in a broad spectral range, high photostability, and biocompatibility. However, to apply UCNPs in wearable and large‐area integrated devices, water stability and micro‐patterning methods are required. In this work, the UCNPs are encapsulated with a siloxane polymer (UCNP@SiOx) via a sol–gel process to enable photo‐patternability and photo‐stabililty in water conditions. The UCNP@SiOx can be photo‐patterned down to micron‐scale feature sizes and exhibit no significant decrease in upconversion photoluminescence (PL) intensities and PL decay time after immersion in water for 2 h. Moreover, UCNP@SiOx is evaluated by an in vitro biocompatibility test and found to be non‐toxic. By integrating the UCNP@SiOx with MoS2 phototransistors (MoS2 + UCNP@SiOx), the devices exhibit enhanced responsivity (0.79 A W−1) and specific detectivity (2.22 × 107 Jones), which are 2.8 times higher than in the bare MoS2 phototransistors, and excellent mechanical durability over 1000 cycles of 20% compression and re‐stretch test. This work opens the way for the facile synthesis of water‐stable and photo‐patternable siloxane‐encapsulated UCNPs and a strategy for fabricating high‐performance flexible NIR phototransistors through wavelength conversion.
Energy‐Level Regulation and Low‐Dimensional Phase Rearrangement via a Multifunctional Spacer Group toward Efficient Sky‐Blue Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhu Chunrong , Zhao Chenjing , Yuan Fang , Li Yuren , Li Jingrui , Liu Xiaoyun , Li Lu , Dong Hua , Yan Lihe , Wang Shuangpeng , Jiao Bo , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: March 2023

Quasi‐2D perovskite materials have great potential for achieving high‐performance blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Major challenges lie in the need to minimize the energy level mismatch between the blue‐emitting and the charge‐transport materials for better carrier injection, and to suppress low‐dimensional phases in quasi‐2D systems for improved radiation recombination. Here, this work introduces a subtly functionalized compound, methoxylated phenethylammonium bromide (y‐MeO‐PEABr), into the sky‐blue quasi‐2D perovskite. This approach induces an upward shift of the energy levels of the perovskite and reduces the holes injection barrier, thereby achieving a better charge balance. In addition, the introduction of large y‐MeO‐PEA+ cations effectively suppresses the formation of undesirable phases in quasi‐2D perovskites, leading to a more concentrated phase distribution and accelerated energy transfer. Specifically, the sky‐blue quasi‐2D PeLED based on 2‐MeO‐PEABr exhibits optimal device performance, obtaining a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.85% at 486 nm. This work suggests that this method may provide a guide for designing novel organic spacer cations to obtain high‐performance blue quasi‐2D PeLEDs.
A Mechanochemically Synthesized Hybrid Bismuth Halide as Highly Efficient Red Phosphor for Blue Chip‐Based WLED
Authors: Zhuang Tinghui , Lin Yanpeng , Jin Jiance , Deng Zhonghua , Peng Yingchen , Gong Liaokuo , Wang Zeping , Du Kezhao , Huang Xiaoying
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) assembled by blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and down‐conversion phosphors have gained rapid development. Thereinto, red phosphors, especially for the ecofriendly and cost‐effective ones, serve an important role for the preparation of superior WLEDs. Herein, a halide compound with a 0D crystal structure, namely [PPh4]2[Bi2Br8(bp4do)(DMSO)2] (BiBrON, PPh4 = tetraphenylphosphonium, bp4do = 4,4′‐bipyridine 1,1′‐dioxide, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) is synthesized at gram scale via a mechanochemical synthesis method. Photophysical properties of BiBrON are investigated in detail. BiBrON has the highest efficiency (78.20%) of red phosphorescence among the Bi‐based halides. The red emission of BiBrON is blue‐light‐excitable with 99.9% color purity and outstanding thermal stability below 400 K. The optical absorption‐emission mechanism in BiBrON is elucidated by the combination study of experiments and density functional theory calculations. BiBrON can be applied as a red phosphor in the blue LED chip‐based WLED with high color rendering index of 87.8, that is higher than the one fabricated utilizing commercial red phosphor (610 nm), and ideal Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.3282, 0.3311). This work demonstrates for the first time the great potential of Bi‐inorganic–organic hybrid material as phosphors applied for WLED.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Perovskite‐Derivative CsAgCl2 Nanocrystals for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Lin Qun , Wang Zhaoyu , Wei Youchao , Chen Yameng , Li Xiaohan , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun
Published: March 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials hold great promise as next‐generation efficient emitters due to their theoretical 100% internal quantum efficiency. However, such an intriguing photophysical mechanism is extremely rare in perovskites or their derivatives. Herein, the colloidal synthesis of two‐dimensional CsAgCl2 nanocrystals (NCs) with typical TADF feature is reported first. The TADF mechanism is investigated in detail by combining first‐principles calculations with experimental results, including temperature‐dependent spectral analysis and fs‐transient absorption spectra. A small singlet−triplet state splitting energy (0.082 eV) and a large spatial separation of charge density |Ψ|2 of valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are observed, which are prerequisites for TADF. Moreover, these CsAgCl2 NCs deliver an ultralow X‐ray detection limit of 170.5 nGyair s−1 and a high imaging resolution of 11.5 lp mm−1, much superior to the commercial scintillators.
Experimental Observation of Vector Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Zhang Huizhen , Zhang Weixuan , Chen Shaohu , Duan Pengfei , Li Junjie , Shi Lei , Zi Jian , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: March 2023

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide an important way for creating photonic devices reliant upon optical modes with high Q‐factors. However, current experimental implementations of BICs in photonic crystal (PhC) slabs only possess a certain polarization, which fundamentally restricts their use to surface‐enhanced applications assisted by scalar‐polarized near fields. In this work, vector BICs in PhC slabs are theoretically designed and experimentally realized. In theory, the symmetry‐protected vector BICs can be constructed by tuning geometric parameters of the PhC slab, where the coalescence of eigenfrequencies for a pair of TE‐ and TM‐like modes appears. It is found that the homogeneous superchiral fields with three orders of magnitude larger than circular polarized lights can be achieved, assisted by vector quasi‐BICs. Furthermore, Si3N4PhC slabs are experimentally fabricated and their band structures are measured. It is shown that a pair of symmetry‐protected BICs with TE‐ and TM‐like polarizations can coalesce with each other at a suitable value for the diameter of array holes, indicating the realization of vector BICs. This work can possess important applications in the field of ultrasensitive detections of molecular chirality.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Allylic Defluorinative Cross‐Electrophile Coupling between 1,1‐Difluoroalkyl Halides and α‐Trifluoromethyl Styrenes
Authors: Dong Haiyan , Lin Zhiyang , Wang Chuan
Published: March 2023

In this protocol, we apply reductive cobalt catalysis in the allylic defluorinative cross‐electrophile coupling reaction between 1,1‐difluoroalkyl halides and α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes. This reaction features broad substrate scope (39 examples), good tolerance of various functionalities, and circumvention of pregenerating organometallics, offering a general synthetic route to prepare diverse organofluorines incorporating both agem‐difluoroalkene and agem‐difluoroalkane moiety.

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Orai1 is an Entotic Ca2+ Channel for Non‐Apoptotic Cell Death, Entosis in Cancer Development
Authors: Lee Ah Reum , Park Chan Young
Published: March 2023

Entosis is a non‐apoptotic cell death process that forms characteristic cell‐in‐cell structures in cancers, killing invading cells. Intracellular Ca2+ dynamics are essential for cellular processes, including actomyosin contractility, migration, and autophagy. However, the significance of Ca2+ and Ca2+ channels participating in entosis is unclear. Here, it is shown that intracellular Ca2+ signaling regulates entosis via SEPTIN‐Orai1‐Ca2+/CaM‐MLCK‐actomyosin axis. Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in entotic cells show spatiotemporal variations during engulfment, mediated by Orai1 Ca2+ channels in plasma membranes. SEPTIN controlled polarized distribution of Orai1 for local MLCK activation, resulting in MLC phosphorylation and actomyosin contraction, leads to internalization of invasive cells. Ca2+ chelators and SEPTIN, Orai1, and MLCK inhibitors suppress entosis. This study identifies potential targets for treating entosis‐associated tumors, showing that Orai1 is an entotic Ca2+ channel that provides essential Ca2+ signaling and sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying entosis that involves SEPTIN filaments, Orai1, and MLCK.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazinanes and Hexahydropyrimidines via [4+2]‐Annulation of CyclicN‐Sulfimines
Authors: Yeon Kim Seung , Kim Yoseop , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: March 2023

The first asymmetric synthetic method for enantioenriched 1,3‐oxazinane and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives via the asymmetric [4+2]‐annulation of cyclicN‐sulfimines has been established. The reaction of cyclicN‐sulfimines with δ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones afforded a wide range of enantioenriched polyheterotricyclic 1,3‐oxazinane derivatives in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities in the presence of a cinchonidine‐derived squaramide catalyst. This approach has been extended to the asymmetric organocatalytic [4+2]‐annulation of cyclicN‐sulfimines with δ‐NHTs‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones providing enantioenriched hexahydropyrimidines. In addition, the asymmetric [4+2]‐annulation of δ‐hydroxy‐ and δ‐NHTs‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones gave their corresponding enantioenriched 1,3‐oxazinane and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives with different absolute configurations.
Sexually dimorphic age‐related molecular differences in the entorhinal cortex of cognitively intact elderly: Relation to early Alzheimer's changes
Authors: Chen Xin‐Lu , Fortes Jennifer Monteiro , Hu Yu‐Ting , van Iersel Juliet , He Kang‐Ning , van Heerikhuize Joop , Balesar Rawien , Swaab Dick , Bao Ai‐Min
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Women are more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the earliest structures affected in AD. We identified in cognitively intact elderly different molecular changes in the EC in relation to age.

Methods

Changes in 12 characteristic molecules in relation to age were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in the EC. They were arbitrarily grouped into sex steroid‐related molecules, markers of neuronal activity, neurotransmitter‐related molecules, and cholinergic activity‐related molecules.

Results

The changes in molecules indicated increasing local estrogenic and neuronal activity accompanied by a higher and faster hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in women's EC in relation to age, versus a mainly stable local estrogenic/androgenic and neuronal activity in men's EC.

Discussion

EC employs a different neurobiological strategy in women and men to maintain cognitive function, which seems to be accompanied by an earlier start of AD in women.

HIGHLIGHTS

Local estrogen system is activated with age only in women's entorhinal cortex (EC).

EC neuronal activity increased with age only in elderly women with intact cognition.

Men and women have different molecular strategies to retain cognition with aging.

P‐tau accumulation in the EC was higher and faster in cognitively intact elderly women.
Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using chitosan/Na‐alginate bio‐based nanocomposite hydrogel
Authors: Mahmoud Ghada A. , Sayed Asmaa , Abdel‐raouf Manar El‐Sayed , Danial Mina Y. F. , Amin Ayman
Published: March 2023

This research article aimed to assist the works conducted to save water resources, which are rapidly depleted as a result of climate change by eliminating toxic chromium ions Cr(VI) from simulated solution. In this regard, chitosan/Na‐alginate/polyacrylic acid (CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc) and Ni/chitosan/Na‐alginate/polyacrylic acid (Ni@CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc) were created as eco‐friendly hydrogel composites via gamma radiation. The hydrogel matrix served as a basin for the in‐situ formation of Ni nanoparticles. The prepared composites were characterized by the FTIR and XRD analyses. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite was also verified via the SEM. It exhibited a dense packing of the Ni nanoparticles representing about 2.5% of the atomic percentage depicted by the EDX analysis. The swelling performance was investigated versus different pH values and the maximum swelling percent was attained as a non‐Fickian character at pH = 13 and 5 for CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc and Ni@CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc, respectively. Furthermore, the surface topographies of CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc and Ni@CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc loaded with Cr(VI) were examined by AFM at different pH values. The maximum Cr(VI) removal was top achieved at pH 8 (58.06 and 74.5 mg/g for CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc and Ni@CS/Na‐Alg/PAAc, respectively) and best fit with the Freundlich isotherm model with calculated RL values indicated a favorable adsorption.
Nonlinear Dielectric Response of Relaxor Ferroelectric (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Shao Junda , Huang Wenhua , Si Yangyang , Ye Zhen , Zeng Qibin , Zhang Tianfu , Wang Tao , Ren Zhongqi , Chen Shanquan , Huang Haoliang , Lu Yalin , Yu Xinge , Liu Huajun , Chen Zuhuang
Published: March 2023

Thin ferroelectric layers are capable of generating large dielectric and electromechanical responses at relatively low voltages, thus can be utilized in various applications including energy storage, energy harvesting, sensors, and actuators. Among ferroelectrics, relaxor ferroelectrics (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 are particularly interesting due to their superior dielectric and piezoelectric properties. However, dielectric and piezoelectric responses of the ferroelectric thin films are significantly suppressed relative to their bulk counterparts. The physical mechanism of the properties degradation still remains elusive, which greatly hinders their technological applications. Herein, this work systematically investigates the dielectric nonlinearity and the relationship between composition and intrinsic/extrinsic contributions of high‐quality (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 epitaxial thin films (x = 0, 0.1, 0.32) fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Through the Rayleigh analysis, it is found that the suppression of domain wall motion by substrate clamping is the main cause of thin film performance degradation and is further confirmed by continuous application of background dc bias to extract the dielectric response's intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. This work will pave the way for practical applications of (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 thin films in energy storage and electromechanical devices.
Stepping beyond your comfort zone: Diffusion‐based network analytics for knowledge trajectory recommendation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Mengjia , Zhang Guangquan , Lu Jie
Published: March 2023

Predicting a researcher's knowledge trajectories beyond their current foci can leverage potential inter‐/cross‐/multi‐disciplinary interactions to achieve exploratory innovation. In this study, we present a method of diffusion‐based network analytics for knowledge trajectory recommendation. The method begins by constructing a heterogeneous bibliometric network consisting of a co‐topic layer and a co‐authorship layer. A novel link prediction approach with a diffusion strategy is then used to capture the interactions between social elements (e.g., collaboration) and knowledge elements (e.g., technological similarity) in the process of exploratory innovation. This diffusion strategy differentiates the interactions occurring among homogeneous and heterogeneous nodes in the heterogeneous bibliometric network and weights the strengths of these interactions. Two sets of experiments—one with a local dataset and the other with a global dataset—demonstrate that the proposed method is prior to 10 selected baselines in link prediction, recommender systems, and upstream graph representation learning. A case study recommending knowledge trajectories of information scientists with topical hierarchy and explainable mediators reveals the proposed method's reliability and potential practical uses in broad scenarios.
On the use of cross‐validation for the calibration of the adaptive lasso
Authors: Ballout Nadim , Etievant Lola , Viallon Vivian
Published: March 2023

Cross‐validation is the standard method for hyperparameter tuning, or calibration, of machine learning algorithms. The adaptive lasso is a popular class of penalized approaches based on weightedL1‐norm penalties, with weights derived from an initial estimate of the model parameter. Although it violates the paramount principle of cross‐validation, according to which no information from the hold‐out test set should be used when constructing the model on the training set, a “naive” cross‐validation scheme is often implemented for the calibration of the adaptive lasso. The unsuitability of this naive cross‐validation scheme in this context has not been well documented in the literature. In this work, we recall why the naive scheme is theoretically unsuitable and how proper cross‐validation should be implemented in this particular context. Using both synthetic and real‐world examples and considering several versions of the adaptive lasso, we illustrate the flaws of the naive scheme in practice. In particular, we show that it can lead to the selection of adaptive lasso estimates that perform substantially worse than those selected via a proper scheme in terms of both support recovery and prediction error. In other words, our results show that the theoretical unsuitability of the naive scheme translates into suboptimality in practice, and call for abandoning it.
Serial sexual murder by juveniles and the role of sexual sadism: An international study
Authors: Myers Wade C. , Safarik Mark , Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Yaksic Enzo
Published: March 2023

This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of serial sexual murder by children and adolescents spanning nearly the past century and a half. No earlier cases worldwide were identified. Each of these youth committed two or more sexual homicides prior to age 18. Their psychopathological, psychosocial, crime scene behaviors, and offender–victim relationship characteristics are presented. Additionally, the role of sexual sadism and its measurement using the SADSEX‐SH rating scale is addressed. Nearly all of the sample had conduct disorder, a paraphilic disorder, and sadistic fantasies, and two‐thirds had sexual sadism disorder. Family dysfunction, serious school problems, and average or above IQ levels were typical. Their modus operandi generally reflected predatory behavior and direct contact methods of killing were most common. Two case reports are provided to illustrate the breadth and complexity of these offenders. Juvenile Serial Sexual Homicide is an extremely rare but persistent phenomenon. Prognostic implications and future research directions are discussed.
High‐rate electrochemical H2O2 production over multimetallic atom catalysts under acidic–neutral conditions
Authors: Tong Yueyu , Liu Jiaxin , Su Bing‐Jian , Juang Jenh‐Yih , Hou Feng , Yin Lichang , Dou Shi Xue , Liang Ji
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by the electrochemical 2‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process, and single‐atom electrocatalysts show the unique capability of high selectivity toward 2e− ORR against the 4e− one. The extremely low surface density of the single‐atom sites and the inflexibility in manipulating their geometric/electronic configurations, however, compromise the H2O2 yield and impede further performance enhancement. Herein, we construct a family of multiatom catalysts (MACs), on which two or three single atoms are closely coordinated to form high‐density active sites that are versatile in their atomic configurations for optimal adsorption of essential *OOH species. Among them, the Cox–Ni MAC presents excellent electrocatalytic performance for 2e− ORR, in terms of its exceptionally high H2O2 yield in acidic electrolytes (28.96 mol L−1 gcat.−1 h−1) and high selectivity under acidic to neutral conditions in a wide potential region (>80%, 0–0.7 V). Operando X‐ray absorption and density functional theory analyses jointly unveil its unique trimetallic Co2NiN8 configuration, which efficiently induces an appropriate Ni–d orbital filling and modulates the *OOH adsorption, together boosting the electrocatalytic 2e− ORR capability. This work thus provides a new MAC strategy for tuning the geometric/electronic structure of active sites for 2e− ORR and other potential electrochemical processes.
Self‐Immolative Polymers to Initiate Locomotion in Motors
Authors: Ramos Docampo Miguel A. , Nieto Sarah , de Dios Andres Paula , Qian Xiaomin , Städler Brigitte
Published: March 2023

Nanomotors that use polymers to gain locomotion is an upcoming concept. Here, we made use of self‐immolative polymers (SIP), i. e., polymers that disintegrate in a domino‐like fashion, to initiate motion in 500 nm silica particles. We selected a BSA‐triggered SIP and assessed its degradation both in solution and when deposited onto the silica particles. A 1.5‐fold increase of monomer was found in the solution compared to the controls, suggesting the SIP disintegration. The locomotion of the SIP‐coated motors was shown to have an average velocity of up to ∼3 μm s−1 when incubated with BSA. These proof of concept findings illustrate an alternative polymer‐powered motor design, which benefits from modern polymer chemistry concepts.
SIGnature Libraries: A roadmap for the formation of special interest group libraries
Authors: Kim Young‐Min , Chin Eric M. , Fahey Michael , Gelineau‐Morel Rose , Himmelmann Kate , O'Malley Jennifer , Oskoui Maryam , Shapiro Bruce , Shevell Michael , Wilson Jenny L. , Wiznitzer Max ,   the Child Neurology Society Cerebral Palsy Special Interest Group Consortium, Aravamuthan Bhooma
Published: March 2023

Objective

“SIGnature Libraries” channel the dynamism of academic society‐based special interest groups (SIG) to systematically identify and provide user‐oriented access to essential literature for a subspecialty field in a manner that keeps pace with the field's continuing evolution. The libraries include literature beyond clinical trial data to encompass historical context, diagnostic conceptualization, and community organization materials to foster a holistic understanding of how neurologic conditions affect individuals, their community, and their lived experience.

Methods

Utilizing a modified‐Delphi approach, Child Neurology Society's Cerebral Palsy (CP) SIG (n = 75) administered two rounds of literature submissions and ratings. A final review by an 11‐member international advisory group determined threshold ratings for resource inclusion and the library's final structure.

Results

Seventy‐nine articles were submitted for the first Delphi round and 22 articles for the second Delphi round. Survey response rates among SIG members were 29/75 for the first round and 24/75 for the second round. The advisory board added additional articles in the final review process in view of the overall project goal. A total of 60 articles were included in the final library, and articles were divided into seven sections and stratified by rating scores. A process for ongoing revisions of the library was determined. The library will be published on the Child Neurology Society website and made publicly accessible.

Conclusions

The CP SIGnature Library offers learners an unprecedented resource that provides equitable access to latest consensus guidelines, existing seminal datasets, up‐to‐date review articles, and other patient care tools. A distinctive feature of the library is its intentional large scope and depth, presented in a stratified fashion relative to the consensus‐determined importance of each article. Learners can efficiently navigate the library based on individual interests and goals, and the library can be used as core curriculum for CP education.
An innovative malware detection methodology employing the amalgamation of stacked BiLSTM and CNN+LSTM‐based classification networks with the assistance of Mayfly metaheuristic optimization algorithm in cyber‐attack
Authors: Srinivasan Sathiyandrakumar , Deepalakshmi P.
Published: March 2023

The propagation of bias and its data have sensitive and critical security enterprises, which emphasizing the significance of perfecting state‐of‐the‐art intrusion discovery systems. These days malware pitfalls have turned precipitously vigorous, intricate and independently on this bias and its data. The artificial intelligence approaches have turned into the focus for cybersecurity as these are noticed acting as more applicable for dealing with contemporary malware events. Particularly, the neural networks having its robust conception prosecution which capability can challenge an expansive range of cyber pitfalls. This article portrays the advancement and testing of a neural network for bracket procedures. Also, the point election could be regarded as a combinatorial optimization issue. It also includes a new point selection fashion known as the Mayfly metaheuristic algorithm, which incorporates an S‐shaped transfer function for converting it into a double variant of the Mayfly Algorithm. While distinct seeker results were acquired out of different areas of the hunt space employing the Mayfly Algorithm, a lesser result could be assured. also, there are two bracket networks like piled BiLSTM and CNN LSTM that are regarded for the UNSW‐NB15 dataset, which automatically learn features out of the undressed data for landing the vicious train structure patterns and law sequence patterns. This largely lessens the price of artificial features engineering. The proffered bracket networks are examined employing the criteria like accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and AUC score under binary and multi classes. It is observed that the proffered bracket networks achieve 91.87 of accuracy, 92.769 of precision, 90.47 of recall, and 91.6 of F1‐ score.
A specific anti‐COVID‐19 BNT162b2 vaccine‐induced early innate immune signature positively correlates with the humoral protective response in healthy and multiple sclerosis vaccine recipients
Authors: Severa Martina , Rizzo Fabiana , Sinigaglia Alessandro , Ricci Daniela , Etna Marilena Paola , Cola Gaia , Landi Doriana , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Valdarchi Catia , Ristori Giovanni , Riccetti Silvia , Piubelli Chiara , Palmerini Pierangela , Rosato Antonio , Gobbi Federico , Balducci Stefano , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Salvetti Marco , Barzon Luisa , Coccia Eliana Marina
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The very rapidly approved mRNA‐based vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein, including Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2, are effective in protecting from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in immunocompetent population. However, establishing the duration and identifying correlates of vaccine‐induced protection will be crucial to optimise future immunisation strategies. Here, we studied in healthy vaccine recipients and people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), undergoing different therapies, the regulation of innate immune response by mRNA vaccination in order to correlate it with the magnitude of vaccine‐induced protective humoral responses.

Methods

Healthy subjects (n = 20) and matched pwMS (n = 22) were longitudinally sampled before and after mRNA vaccination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐associated type I and II interferon (IFN)‐inducible gene expression, serum innate cytokine/chemokine profile as well as binding and neutralising anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 antibodies (Abs) were measured.

Results

We identified an early immune module composed of the IFN‐inducible genes Mx1, OAS1 and IRF1, the serum cytokines IL‐15, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ and the chemokines IP‐10, MCP‐1 and MIG, induced 1 day post second and third BNT162b2 vaccine doses, strongly correlating with magnitude of humoral response to vaccination in healthy and MS vaccinees. Moreover, induction of the early immune module was dramatically affected in pwMS treated with fingolimod and ocrelizumab, both groups unable to induce a protective humoral response to COVID‐19 vaccine.

Conclusion

Overall, this study suggests that the vaccine‐induced early regulation of innate immunity is mediated by IFN signalling, impacts on the magnitude of adaptive responses and it might be indicative of vaccine‐induced humoral protection.
Advances in mesenchymal stromal cells and nanomaterials for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Hou Liangxuan , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Du Hongwu
Published: March 2023

The delayed healing of diabetic wounds (DBW) will not only afflict patients, but also lead to amputation and even death in serious cases, which will create many negative effects on society and the country. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted extensive attention for their applications in chronic wound healing due to their excellent cytokine secretion ability and regulation of inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cells can be used alone or wrapped with carrier/matrix and applied to enhance healing in the wound area. In this review, the etiology of the slow healing of DBW and the mechanism by which MSCs promote the healing of DBW were explored. In addition, we summarised the current research progress on the use of stromal cell‐loaded biomaterials for wound healing in diabetic animal models. At the end of the article, we pointed out the challenges and improvement strategies for stromal cell therapy applied to DBW in future clinical practice.
The mechanism of inward and outward expansion of multiscale dynamic permeability of coalbed methane at different temperatures
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Hao Xiaoqiang , Liu Yanwei , Li Lin
Published: March 2023

The multiscale micro‐nano pores in coal can result in the ultra‐low permeability of coal, which restricts the efficiency of gas extraction. It is difficult for the conventional seepage‐enhancement measures to affect the nanoscale pores within the coal matrix. Thermal stimulation can reach deep into the micro‐nano pores within coal matrix to improve the permeability. Therefore, it is important to study the diffusivity and permeability of the multiscale micro‐nano pores at different temperatures. In this study, the experiments of diffusion‐seepage measured by the methods of GRI (Gas Research Institution) and steady‐state were conducted using a cylindrical coal at different temperatures and pressures. The experimental results show that the apparent diffusion coefficient of cylindrical coal is not constant but variable dynamically; and the classical diffusion model fails to describe the full‐time process of gas flow accurately. On this basis, a model of multiscale dynamic apparent diffusion‐seepage that can accurately describe the full‐time flow process was proposed. As is observed, the apparent permeability attenuates dynamically with time without stress loading, and the initial apparent permeability and the attenuation coefficient increase monotonically with the rise of temperature. Under the stress constraint, the steady‐state permeability increases after a decrease as the temperature rises, displaying a “U‐shaped” pattern. Without stress constraint, the increasing temperature causes the exterior multiscale pores to expand outward by different degrees so as to increase permeability, while the interior micro‐nano pores show three inward and outward expansion mechanisms. Under stress constraint, at low temperature and high effective stress, the increasing temperature causes pores to expand inward and the permeability decreases accordingly. When temperature continues to increase, coal expands outward because the effective stress is counteracted by the thermal stress, leading to an increase in permeability. This study is of significance for thermal gas extraction engineering.
Evaluating the sampling effort for the metabarcoding‐based detection of fish environmental DNA in the open ocean
Authors: Kawakami Tatsuya , Yamazaki Aya , Asami Maki , Goto Yuko , Yamanaka Hiroki , Hyodo Susumu , Ueno Hiromichi , Kasai Akihide
Published: March 2023

Clarifying the effect of the sampling protocol on the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is essential for appropriately designing biodiversity research. However, technical issues influencing eDNA detection in the open ocean, which consists of water masses with varying environmental conditions, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated the sampling effort for the metabarcoding‐based detection of fish eDNA using replicate sampling with filters of different pore sizes (0.22 and 0.45 μm) in the subtropical and subarctic northwestern Pacific Ocean and Arctic Chukchi Sea. The asymptotic analysis predicted that the accumulation curves for detected taxa did not saturate in most cases, indicating that our sampling effort (7 or 8 replicates, corresponding to 10.5–40 L of filtration in total) was insufficient to fully assess the species diversity in the open ocean and that tens of replicates or a substantial filtration volume were required. The Jaccard dissimilarities between filtration replicates were comparable with those between the filter types at any site. In subtropical and subarctic sites, turnover dominated the dissimilarity, suggesting that the filter pore size had a negligible effect. In contrast, nestedness dominated the dissimilarity in the Chukchi Sea, implying that the 0.22 μm filter could collect a broader range of eDNA than the 0.45 μm filter. Therefore, the effect of filter selection on the collection of fish eDNA likely varies depending on the region. These findings highlight the highly stochastic nature of fish eDNA collection in the open ocean and the difficulty of standardizing the sampling protocol across various water masses.
Trophic transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids across the aquatic–terrestrial interface: An experimental tritrophic food chain approach
Authors: Ohler Katharina , Schreiner Verena C. , Martin‐Creuzburg Dominik , Schäfer Ralf B.
Published: March 2023

Aquatic and their adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are linked via the flux of organic and inorganic matter. Emergent aquatic insects are recognized as high‐quality food for terrestrial predators, because they provide more physiologically relevant long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than terrestrial insects. The effects of dietary PUFA on terrestrial predators have been explored mainly in feeding trials conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, hampering the assessment of the ecological relevance of dietary PUFA deficiencies under field conditions. We assessed the PUFA transfer across the aquatic–terrestrial interface and the consequences for terrestrial riparian predators in two outdoor microcosm experiments. We established simplified tritrophic food chains, consisting of one of four basic food sources, an intermediary collector gatherer (Chironomus riparius, Chironomidae), and a riparian web‐building spider (Tetragnatha sp.). The four basic food sources (algae, conditioned leaves, oatmeal, and fish food) differed in PUFA profiles and were used to track the trophic transfer of single PUFA along the food chain and to assess their potential effects on spiders, that is, on fresh weight, body condition (size‐controlled measurement of nutritional status), and immune response. The PUFA profiles of the basic food sources, C. riparius and spiders differed between treatments, except for spiders in the second experiment. The PUFA α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) and ɣ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6) were major contributors to the differences between treatments. PUFA profiles of the basic food sources influenced the fresh weight and body condition of spiders in the first experiment, but not in the second experiment, and did not affect the immune response, growth rate, and dry weight in both experiments. Furthermore, our results indicate that the examined responses are dependent on temperature. Future studies including anthropogenic stressors would deepen our understanding of the transfer and role of PUFA in ecosystems.
Innocence over utilitarianism: Heightened moral standards for robots in rescue dilemmas
Authors: Sundvall Jukka , Drosinou Marianna , Hannikainen Ivar , Elovaara Kaisa , Halonen Juho , Herzon Volo , Kopecký Robin , Jirout Košová Michaela , Koverola Mika , Kunnari Anton , Perander Silva , Saikkonen Teemu , Palomäki Jussi , Laakasuo Michael
Published: March 2023

Research in moral psychology has found that robots, more than humans, are expected to make utilitarian decisions. This expectation is found specifically when contrasting utilitarian action to deontological inaction. In a series of eight experiments (total N = 3752), we compared judgments about robots’ and humans’ decisions in a rescue dilemma with no possibility of deontological inaction. A robot's decision to rescue an innocent victim of an accident was judged more positively than the decision to rescue two people culpable for the accident (Studies 1–2b). This pattern repeated in a large‐scale web survey (Study 3, N = ∼19,000) and reversed when all victims were equally culpable/innocent (Study 5). Differences in judgments about humans’ and robots’ decisions were largest for norm‐violating decisions. In sum, robots are not always expected to make utilitarian decisions, and their decisions are judged differently from those of humans based on other moral standards as well.
Subordinated Gaussian processes for solar irradiance
Authors: Berry Caitlin M. , Kleiber William , Hodge Bri‐Mathias
Published: March 2023

Traditionally the power grid has been a one‐way street with power flowing from large transmission‐connected generators through the distribution network to consumers. This paradigm is changing with the introduction of distributed renewable energy resources (DERs), and with it, the way the grid is managed. There is currently a dearth of high fidelity solar irradiance datasets available to help grid researchers understand how expansion of DERs could affect future power system operations. Realistic simulations of by‐the‐second solar irradiances are needed to study how DER variability affects the grid. Irradiance data are highly non‐stationary and non‐Gaussian, and even modern time series models are challenged by their distributional properties. We develop a subordinated non‐Gaussian stochastic model whose simulations realistically capture the distribution and dependence structure in measured irradiance. We illustrate our approach on a fine resolution dataset from Hawaii, where our approach outperforms standard nonlinear time series models.
A new connectivity model for unmanned aerial vehicle communications and flying height optimization
Authors: Mohammed Imran , Collings Iain B. , Hanly Stephen V.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a new connectivity model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. We present closed‐form formulas for the probability of line‐of‐sight as a function of UAV height and distance to a ground based receiver, based on a two‐dimensional model of building and UAV locations. We show that our formulas exactly match Monte‐Carlo simulated values, whereas the existing approach over‐predicts by a factor of 2 to 3. We use the model to optimize the flying height for a UAV deployed as a mobile base station, where the goal is to maximize the number of possible connected users. We observe that the optimal height has a log‐linear characteristic. We use this to present a closed‐form formula for optimal height. We show that our techniques predict the height within 4% of realistic Monte‐Carlo simulations, and significantly outperform existing approaches which are shown to over‐predict by 40%–50%.
Thermal response of timber connections in the cooling phase
Authors: Horne Paul , Abu Anthony , Palermo Alessandro , Moss Peter
Published: March 2023

Structures are conventionally designed to maintain load‐bearing capacity during the heating phase of a fire. However, in structures with moderate or high thermal inertia, the thermal field which results in the lowest structural resistance is likely to occur after the heating phase. This is of particular interest for timber connections because the strength and elastic modulus of timber reduces until the formation of char while steel plates and fasteners, which transfer forces between elements, conduct heat through the connection. It is unclear how thermal fields develop in timber connections during the cooling phase of fires and what influence different cooling rates have. Experiments on identical timber beam‐column subassemblies exposed to the same heating duration but two different cooling phases are presented. The results show that exposed steel components conduct heat into the connection, which propagates a thermal wave through the elements. Although the thermal waves had similar speeds, the specimen absorbed more thermal energy during the longer cooling phase, resulting in higher temperatures. Since the strength and elastic modulus of timber decrease at temperatures below 100°C, these results provide evidence that the structural resistance of a timber connection decreases in the cooling or post‐cooling phases and that a longer cooling phase is more severe than a shorter one. Further investigation into thermal exposure during the cooling phase of realistic compartment fires and the response of a wide variety of timber connections is required to quantify the reduced performance and support the development of appropriate design methods.
Examining relationships between parent‐reported factors and recurring ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
Authors: Constantinides Fina , Orr Neil , Nash Kai , Evans John Robert , McMahon Catherine M. , Gunasekera Hasantha , Harkus Samantha , Clague Liesa , Cross Cara , Halvorsen Luke , Lumby Noeleen , Coates Harvey , Macniven Rona
Published: March 2023

Issue addressed

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child ear health is complex and multiple. We examined relationships between parent‐reported sociodemographic, child health, health service access factors and ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 3 to 7 years.

Methods

The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a large child cohort study with annual parent‐reported data collection. Generalised linear mixed model analyses examined Wave 1 (1309 children 0‐5 years; 2008) predictors of being free of parent‐reported ear symptoms in both Waves 2 and 3.

Results

A total of 1030 (78.7%) had no reported ear symptoms in either Wave 2 or 3. In the fully adjusted model, children who had been hospitalised in the past year (aOR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.19‐3.93) and those with no ear symptoms (aOR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.59‐5.46) at Wave 1 had higher odds of no ear symptoms in both the subsequent waves. There were also relationships between parent main source of income–government pension or allowance as well as parents who reported no history of their own ear symptoms and higher odds of no ear symptoms in Waves 2 and 3 after partial adjustment for sociodemographic factors.

Conclusion

These findings suggest relationships between different sociodemographic and health factors and parent‐reported ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children that warrant further investigation.

So what? Children with parent‐reported ear symptoms during the early years need holistic support to prevent future ear symptoms that impact health, social and educational life trajectories.
Factors influencing village information systems adoption in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Sihotang Dony Martinus , Purwandari Betty , Eitiveni Imairi , Putri Mutia Fadhila , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar
Published: March 2023

Like other developing countries, the Indonesian government is pursuing digital transformation to achieve good governance at the central and micro levels. One of the strategies for achieving digital government transformation at the micro level is implementing village information systems (VIS), information systems that village officials manage. Unfortunately, not all villages in Indonesia are thriving in adopting VIS. Therefore, this study aims to answer an overarching puzzle: Why did some village governments successfully adopt VIS while others failed? Using a case‐study approach to VIS adoption in Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia, this study fills the gap in the literature from the technological‐organizational–environmental perspective that affects e‐government adoption at the village government level. We found four main factors that influence the success or failure of village information systems adoption: (1) VIS interoperability (technology context), (2) the workload of village officers (organizational context), (3) the role of civil society, and (4) the role of a vendor (environmental context). This research enriches the literature by identifying these four factors within the TOE framework, still rarely present in e‐government adoption studies, especially in the context of village governments in developing countries. This research has practical implications for the successful adoption of VIS as a village government effort to gain data sovereignty.