bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography of the Brain in Cases with Venous Vasculitis Compared with an Age-Matched Reference Group
Authors: Hannerz J. , Ericson K. , Bergstrand G. , Berggren B.-M. , Edman G.
Published: June 2015

Patients with a particular, steroid-sensitive headache and often characteristic pathology at orbital phlebography, have been suggested to suffer from venous vasculitis. Fifty such patients were examined with computed tomography (CT) of the brain. The findings were compared with those of an age-matched reference group selected at random to represent normal subjects. The CT examinations were analyzed with respect to size of lateral ventricles and signs of atrophy. In both groups, there was a significant increase of atrophy with age. There was also a significantly higher degree of atrophy in the patient group as compared with the reference group. The findings indicate that the supposedly underlying venous vasculitis is related to early aging and atrophy of the brain.
Emergency Magnetic Resonance Examination of Patients with Spinal Cord Symptoms
Authors: Larsson E.-M. , Holtås S. , Cronqvist S.
Published: June 2015

Eighteen consecutive patients with spinal cord symptoms of sudden or relatively sudden onset were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The examinations were performed on a 0.3 tesla permanent/resistive imaging system using solenoidal surface coils. MRI revealed epidural tumour in five patients, intramedullary tumour in one, epidural abscess in one, myelitis in two, spontaneous intraspinal epidural haematoma in two, disc herniation in two, traumatic lesions in four and no abnormality in one patient. MRI was found to be capable of non-invasively and painlessly detecting and exactly defining the extent of intraspinal and paraspinal lesions. In some cases the nature of the lesion could be inferred from specific signal characteristics, which is a unique property of MRI. The results strongly suggest that MRI is superior to myelography and other imaging methods and should be regarded as the examination of choice in the emergency examination of patients with spinal cord symptoms.
Vertebral Bone Mineral Measurement Using Dual Photon Absorptiometry and Computed Tomography
Authors: Eriksson S. , Isberg B. , Lindgren U.
Published: June 2015

The lumbar spine of 14 cadavers was studied both by153Gd dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at 96 and 125 kVp. The intact spine and the individual vertebrae were analyzed. After these measurements the ash content of the vertebral body, the posterior elements, and the transverse processes was determined. The fat content of the vertebral body as well as its volume was also measured. With DPA, the bone mineral content (BMC) determined in situ as well as on excised spine specimens correlated highly with the amount of total vertebral ash (r>0.92, SEE<3.2 g). The bone mineral density (BMD, area density) of 3 lumbar vertebrae correlated accurately with the mean ash density of the vertebral body (r>0.81, SEE<0.015 g/cm3). The so-called corpus density and central density determinations were less accurate. No difference in accuracy was found between measurements when using 3 mm and 4.5 mm step intervals. Variations in the distribution of mineral between the vertebral body and the posterior elements contribute to the error in predicting vertebral body mineral with DPA. QCT gave a smaller error when a cylindric portion of the vertebral body with a 20 mm diameter was measured compared with one with a 9 mm diameter, when the dual energy technique was used (p<0.01). With dual energy QCT a correlation was found between a center segment of 3 vertebrae in the lumbar spine and the mean ash density of the vertebral body of r=0.92 (SEE=0.010 g/cm3). Single energy QCT was insignificantly less accurate than dual energy QCT. Only small differences were found between vertebrae with high fat density of the vertebral body when single or dual QCT was used. QCT was more accurate than DPA in the prediction of the mineral density of individual vertebral bodies (p<0.05) but no difference was found when the average values for the lumbar spine were calculated.
Skeletal Scintigraphy of the Wrist in Suggested Scaphoid Fracture
Authors: Brismar J.
Published: June 2015

Skeletal scintigraphy was performed in 187 patients with clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture but with normal radiographic findings. In 85 patients focally moderately (12 patients) or markedly to intensely (73 patients) increased radionuclide uptake was seen, over either the distal radius or carpal bones. A fracture corresponding to markedly increased uptake was eventually verified in 15 out of 26 patients in the distal radius, in 21 out of 28 in the scaphoid but in only 6 out of 18 in other carpal bones. One fracture of the body and one of the hook of the hamate were found, one fracture of the capitate and three of the triquetrum. Not a single fracture was verified in 10 patients with markedly, often intensely, increased activity over the trapezium/trapezoid. It is concluded that scintigraphy is of value in carpal trauma not only to exclude scaphoid fracture but also to direct the attention to the possibility of other carpal fractures, otherwise usually missed.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Traumatic Splenic Lesions in Children
Authors: Erasmie U. , Mortensson W. , Persson U. , Lännergren K.
Published: June 2015

Ninety-eight children with recent blunt abdominal trauma which initially evoked clinical suspicion of splenic injury were examined with colloid scintigraphy of the spleen and the liver using multiple imaging views and with abdominal survey. Nineteen children were, in addition, examined with tomographic scintigraphy. The clinical findings and the course of the disorder were reanalysed. Scintigraphy indicated splenic injury in 56 children and hepatic injury in another 5 children. The left lateral and the left oblique were the optimum imaging views for detecting splenic ruptures. Tomographic scintigraphy did not improve the diagnostic yield. Abdominal survey failed to indicate almost every second case of splenic rupture and provided no additional information of significance. The clinical review agreed with the scintigraphic diagnosis of splenic lesions but, in addition, it suggested possible splenic lesions in another 10 children with normal scintigraphy. This discrepancy cannot be explained as surgery was not employed; the occurrence of splenic lesions too small to become detectable at scintigraphy or to provoke clinically evident symptoms may be supposed.
Suprapubic Micturition Cystourethrography
Authors: Mohammed S. H.
Published: June 2015

Suprapubic micturition cystourethrography is performed by puncturing the bladder aseptically, in the midline, 1 to 2 cm above the symphysis pubis with an 18 to 21 gauge needle. The needle is pointed 10 to 15° cranially to avoid puncture of the trigonum and urethra. Anaesthesia, antibiotic protection, and diuretics are not necessary. In 225 examinations performed on 200 patients, the only complications noted were transient haematuria (1.5%) and slight extravasation of contrast medium through the puncture sites (8%). None required any therapeutic measures. In 4 patients puncturing of the bladder needed ultrasound guidance. The technique is ideal for the study of vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, urethral strictures, posterior urethral valves and other urethral pathology. It is also useful in balloon catheter dilatation of urethral strictures. Suprapubic micturition cystourethrography is safe, efficient and time-saving. It is well accepted by the patients and carries little risk of urinary infection.
Computed Tomography after Lumbar Disc Surgery
Authors: Ilkko E. , Lähde S. , Koivukangas J. , Jalovaara P.
Published: June 2015

Computed tomography (CT) findings following lumbar disc surgery were analyzed in a series of 53 patients one week after surgery and in another series of 43 patients 6 months to 20 years (average 4.3 years) after surgery. In addition to changes caused by the surgical exposition (laminotomy or laminectomy, gas bubbles) a mass lesion was found on the posterior aspect of the disc in all cases. Hypodensity of the disc interspace as well as vacuolization were found in several cases. These changes were less in the patients examined late after surgery but the CT findings were never completely normal. Findings characteristic of recurrent prolapse included disc-like attenuation values within the mass and non-enhancement with contrast medium. Hypodensity of the disc interspace is associated with discitis but as a non-specific finding it is insufficient in itself for diagnosis of discitis.
Trochanteric Fractures
Authors: Herrlin K. , Strömberg T. , Lidgren L. , Wallöe A. , Pettersson H.
Published: June 2015

Four hundred and thirty trochanteric fractures operated upon with McLaughlin, Ender or Richard's osteosynthesis were divided into 6 different types based on their radiographic appearance before and immediately after reposition with special reference to the medial cortical support. A significant correlation was found between the fracture type and subseq
Ultrasonography and Gallbladder Perforation in Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Forsberg L. , Andersson R. , Hederström E. , Tranberg K.-G.
Published: June 2015

A group of 24 patients with perforated gallbladder operated upon between 1980 and 1987 was compared with a group of 21 patients operated upon in 1982 due to uncomplicated acute cholecystitis in order to find out whether it was possible to use some specific sonographic signs to find the patients at risk of perforation. Free fluid and fluid collections close to the gallbladder fossa were found in 9 patients. The patients with perforated gallbladders tended to have a slightly thicker gallbladder wall—7 mm (range 3–20 mm)—when compared with the uncomplicated cases of acute cholecystitis—5.3 mm (range 2–13 mm). Localized fluid collection in the wall of a gallbladder was seen in a patient just prior to the perforation. It was, however, not possible to find a common sign characteristic for imminent perforation. The study showed, however, that the combination of early diagnosis with ultrasound together with aggressive surgery reduced the mortality at gallbladder perforation to none in the last 9-year-period compared with 10 per cent in the previous 9-year-period.
Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media Used for Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Experimental Pancreatitis
Authors: Kivisaari L. , Nuutinen P. , Lehtola A. , Saari A. , Pitkäranta P. , Standertskjöld-Nordenstam C.-G. , Lempinen M. , Schröder T.
Published: June 2015

Contrast enhancement of the pancreas was studied in pigs using dynamic computed tomography in experimental oedematous and haemorrhagic/necrotizing pancreatitis during the first two minutes after injection of an intravenous bolus of non-ionic contrast medium (iohexol). The prospects of separating the two forms of the disease, known to be possible with ionic contrast media, were tested with a non-ionic contrast medium. In the oedematous form, contrast enhancement after 5 hours of the disease was significantly higher than in the haemorrhagic/necrotizing form. Contrast enhancement after 30 hours of disease tended to vary with the severity of the disease, showing that the course of oedematous pancreatitis is dynamic. Intermediate forms occur and follow-up studies are needed during the disease. A non-ionic contrast medium proved as good for separating the two forms of the disease in the early phase as were ionic contrast media. In severely ill patients, non-ionic contrast media should therefore be used.
Large-Image Intensifier Photofluorography and Conventional Radiography in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Manninen H. , Partanen K. , Soimakallio S. , Rytkönen H.
Published: June 2015

Large-screen image intensifier (II) photofluorography was compared with full-size screen-film chest radiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema in 84 patients. Photospot films and conventional radiographs were interpreted independently by three radiologists. Computed tomography (CT) was used as an independent reference technique, and diagnostic performance of chest radiography in various CT patterns of emphysema was evaluated. The difference in diagnostic sensitivity for emphysema in favor of conventional chest radiography over photofluorography (0.65 versus 0.56) was statistically significant (p<0.05). Specificity of the imaging modalities was equal: 0.78 in full-size films and 0.77 in photospot films. All CT patterns of emphysema had great false negative response rates in chest radiography, which is an inaccurate technique for the diagnosis of emphysema. CT is required for reliable radiologic evaluation of emphysema.
Transluminal Angioplasty of a Stenotic Surgical Splenorenal Shunt
Authors: Van Beers B. , Roche A. , Cauquil P.
Published: June 2015

A stenosis of a side-to-side splenorenal shunt was treated by percutaneous angioplasty two years after the performance of the shunt. After dilatation, there was a fall of the splenorenal pressure gradient from 28 to 17 cm H2O and good transanastomotic flow was re-established. As in other arterial and venous territories, angioplasty may be an interesting alternative to surgery.
Roentgenologic Assessment of Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Danielson B. , Frennered K. , Irstam L.
Published: June 2015

Variations when measuring slip and lumbar index were studied in three lumbar specimens with different degrees of artificially created L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. Lateral radiographs were obtained with the specimens tilted and/or rotated mimicking an every-day examination situation. Slip and lumbar index were measured; slip was estimated according to a measuring method advocated by Boxall et coll. (3) but slightly modified by us. Six radiologists evaluated each film independently. The magnitude of interobserver and intraobserver errors and variations due to positioning was found to be equally large—about 15 per cent each. Although the total measurement variation was not equal to the sum of errors involved, radiologic evaluation of degree of spondylolisthesis was found to be highly unreliable.
Prediction of the Stability of Minimally Displaced Fractures of the Lateral Humeral Condyle
Authors: Thönell S. , Mortensson W. , Thomasson B.
Published: June 2015

Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle run a great risk of subsequent displacement. This is also true—although to a lesser extent—for primarily non-displaced or minimally displaced (≤2 mm) fractures. The present retrospective investigation aimed at defining radiographic criteria in order to predict the stability of non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures in 159 children. The fractures were classified according to radiographic criteria into 3 groups considered to represent stable, ambiguous and unstable fractures. Additional displacement while immobilized in plaster occurred in 2.6 per cent of the fractures classified as stable and in 44.4 per cent of those classified as unstable (p<0.001); in the ambiguous group subsequent displacement occurred in 24.1 per cent. It is concluded that the radiographic criteria should be useful to predict the stability of non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children.
Wheat Fibre before Radiography of the Large Bowel
Authors: Fork F.-T.
Published: June 2015

Constipation is today treated by adding non-absorbable fibres to a normal diet. The aim of this investigation was to study the influence of fibres on colon cleansing results in patients referred for double contrast examination of the colon. A series of 240 consecutive patients were separated into two groups, one treated with one day of starvation and the routine cleansing regimen, the other group with wheat fibres thrice daily for four days before the day of the regular cleansing program. No difference in cleanness between the two groups was seen.
Patient Exposure When Using 99Tcm-Dtpa for Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Patency
Authors: Jonson R. , Ahlberg J. , Mattsson S. , Wikkelsø C. , Lindberg S.
Published: June 2015

The absorbed dose from 99Tcm-DTPA was estimated from 12 investigations in 9 patients who were evaluated for the patency of ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. The distribution of 99Tcm-DTPA in the ventricles, urinary bladder and peritoneal cavity was determined in regions of interest from repeated static gamma camera images. The effective dose equivalent was calculated to be less than 0.10 mSv for an injected activity of 15 MBq.
Image Quality in Radiography of Midfacial Trauma
Authors: Kinnunen J.
Published: June 2015

Image quality in radiography of midfacial trauma was studied in 618 patients treated for midfacial injury. The visibility of key anatomic areas was related to essential technical factors influencing image quality as well as to the radiologic diagnostic performance. Regression analysis revealed that the visibility of the key anatomic areas was significantly dependent on the technical factors. However, the radiologic diagnostic performance was not significantly dependent on the visibility of the key anatomic areas. The results indicate that image quality was not a limiting factor for radiologic diagnostic performance in midfacial trauma.
Asymptomatic Abdominal Hydatidosis Detected by Ultrasonography
Authors: Frider B. , Losada C. A. , Larrieu E. , de Zavaleta O.
Published: June 2015

Ultrasonography (US) and serology (double diffusion for antigen 5 (dd5)) were used for the screening of hydatid disease in 1418 asymptomatic individuals from two provinces in Argentina. A total of 122 positive subjects were identified and in 120 of them lesions consistent with hydatid disease were observed at US (98.4%) while only 19 had positive dd5 tests (15.8%). Chest radiography was performed in 647 of the subjects and an additional 4 lesions were found. Surgery was performed in 32 patients, confirming in all of them the sonographic diagnosis. It is suggested that US should be used in the screening for hydatidosis in high-risk populations as well as in follow-up programmes.
Position, Orientation and Component Interaction in Dislocation of the Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Herrlin K. , Selvik G. , Pettersson H. , Kesek P. , Önnerfält R. , Ohlin A.
Published: June 2015

The position, orientation in space and interaction of prosthetic components was determined in 15 patients with known episodes of dislocation after total hip replacement. The same calculations were performed in a reference group of 44 patients without dislocation. In the group with dislocations, there was a significantly decreased femoral anteversion, and a decreased femoral flexion permitted by the prosthetic components. There were no further significant differences of clinical relevance between the groups concerning all other examined parameters of component position, orientation and interaction. It is concluded that the decreased range of flexion, caused by impingement of the prosthetic components with ensuing leverage effect is one cause of dislocation.
Bone Mass Determination from Microradiographs by Computer-Assisted Videodensitometry
Authors: Strid K.-G. , Kälebo P.
Published: June 2015

The mass of hard-tissue specimens is assessed by optimised microradiography followed by computer-assisted videodensitometry. Radiographs are produced with 27 kV roentgen radiation, filtered through 0.5 to 1 mm of aluminium, on high-resolution glass plates. Aluminium step wedges are used for density calibration, the result being expressed as ‘aluminium equivalent mass’. The plates are subjected to digital image analysis by an operator in interaction with a computer-based image processor, a television camera being used for image input. The program stored in the computer provides calibration of geometry and—via the stepwedge images—of densitometry, background adjustment, etc. Measurement takes place by integration over the specimen-image area. No assumptions being needed concerning a specific attenuation model, the errors stemming from the common presumption of exponential attenuation are eliminated. Density profiles or maps of mass distribution are readily obtained from the computer. From measurements of aluminium phantom samples, the total random error (coefficient of variation) was determined at 1.8 per cent, the microradiographic and videodensitometric procedures contributing 1.6 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively, whereas the systematic error was negligible. Since specimens need not be sectioned, this method does not interfere with subsequent histologic preparation.
Effect of Iohexol and Diatrizoate on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure following Pulmonary Angiography
Authors: Tajima H. , Kumazaki T. , Tajima N. , Ebata K.
Published: June 2015

A clinical comparison of the effects on pulmonary arterial pressure produced by iohexol and diatrizoate, following selective pulmonary angiography, was made in 17 patients with a normal pressure before the injection of the contrast medium. A double blind crossover study was performed and each contrast medium was administered in random order. The pulmonary arterial pressure was continuously recorded before, during and after the injection for 3 minutes. The effect of iohexol on the pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly less than that of diatrizoate. The results indicated that iohexol should be better tolerated than diatrizoate and therefore a safer contrast medium for selective pulmonary angiography.
Transluminal Catheter Angioplasty of Abdominal Aorta in Takayasu's Arteritis
Authors: Gu Z. M. , Lin G. , Yi J. R. , Li J. M. , Zhou J. , Pan W. M.
Published: June 2015

Nine patients with Takayasu's arteritis and a long stenotic segment of the abdominal aorta were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Intermittent claudication dissappeared in six of seven cases, the femoral pulse reappeared in all five; ankle/arm indices increased in seven cases; elevated blood pressure normalized in seven of eight cases. Seven patients were followed for 3 to 28 months. They were all free of symptoms from the lower extremities. In three patients with or without renal artery stenosis and with hypertension, the blood pressure decreased after PTA of the abdominal aorta only. PTA may be a valuable treatment in Takayasu's arteritis and stenosis of the abdominal aorta.
Angiomyolipoma of the Kidney
Authors: Uhlenbrock D. , Fischer C. , Beyer H. K.
Published: June 2015

In six patients with angiomyolipoma of the kidney, five showed a typical pattern in T1, proton and T2 weighted images, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Angiomyolipoma is recognized by its characteristic fatty tissue components, which result in high signal intensity in T1 and proton weighted images and a low signal in T2 weighted images. Five of the patients were also examined with ultrasonography (US); in four of these, the tumor could be recognized by its echodense pattern. Computed tomography (CT) was slightly less sensitive; three out of six examinations failed to produce a definite diagnosis. Instead of the typical low attenuation values of fat, Hounsfield units similar to either muscle or kidney tissue were observed in these 3 cases. In conclusion, the specific diagnosis of angiomyolipoma depends on the amount of fatty tissue present at MRI, CT, and sonography.
Hypoechoic Lesions without Halo in Echogenic Liver
Authors: Hess C. F. , Kurtz B. , Grodd W. , Wolf A.
Published: June 2015

Sonographic evaluation for the presence of hypoechoic hepatic lesions without halo was carried out in 365 consecutive patients with echogenic livers. In 115 patients (31 %) such lesions could be demonstrated. Computed tomography of the liver was performed in 52 of these patients, a long term sonographic follow-up in 76, and a biopsy in 3 cases. In 103 patients the hypoechoic lesions were due to sonographic pseudolesions (PL's), probably representing normal liver tissue in otherwise diffusely fatty infiltrated livers. The PL's showed characteristic sonographic appearances such as a missing mass effect, a ‘landscape’-like configuration with angulated margins and slender extensions of hypoechoic tissue. The PL's were located below the capsule, near the gallbladder (41%), and ventral to the portal vein (37%). In 75 per cent they occurred in a liver with considerably increased echogenicity. In 12 patients hypoechoic lesions were caused by circumscribed malignant or infectious involvement of the liver. They could be discriminated from PL's by their mass-like appearance in 8 subjects. In 4 of these 12 cases the foci were of PL-typical appearance, but not of PL-typical location. In the light of these results and of recently published reports a rational diagnostic approach to hypoechoic lesions without halo in echogenic livers varies, depending on such factors as known primary malignancy or site of the lesion.
Correlation of Macroscopic Osteoarthrotic Changes and Radiographic Findings in the Acromioclavicular Joint
Authors: Stenlund B. , Marions O. , Engström K. F. , Goldie I.
Published: June 2015

In a total of 108 acromioclavicular articulations from cadavers the osteoarthrotic changes were studied. The articulations were macroscopically and radiographically ranked according to their grade of osteoarthrosis. The two ranking lines were correlated statistically and showed a rank correlation of 0.741. In 38 articulations tomography was also carried out. These articulations were classified into five grades of osteoarthrosis and the macroscopic, conventional radiographic and tomographic gradings were compared. The correlation coefficient for tomography versus macroscopy was 0.714. Tomography versus standard radiography showed a correlation of 0.767 and standard radiography versus macroscopy a correlation of 0.841. The standard radiographic investigation reveals moderate and severe osteoarthrotic changes in the acromioclavicular joint but cannot depict smaller changes. Tomography does not seem to improve the specificity. There is a need for a better radiologic technique in the examination of the acromioclavicular joint. Radiography during some kind of loading might be a practical way of improving the specificity and make it possible to show early osteoarthrosis in the acromioclavicular articulation.
Sterno-Costo-Clavicular Hyperostosis
Authors: Hallas J. , Olesen K. P.
Published: June 2015

The clinical and radiologic findings in a case of sterno-costoclavicular hyperostosis are reported and compared with the findings in the 23 Caucasian and about 300 Japanese cases reported in the literature. The main complaints are pain in the upper anterior chest wall and sometimes limited mobility of the shoulders. Radiologically, the clavicles, the sternum and the first ribs are grossly enlarged with complete fusion between them. As reported in previous cases, our patient had conspicuous congestion of the external jugular veins, but no other signs of compression in the thoracic inlet. There was asymptomatic compression of both subclavian veins, but none of the previously reported skin manifestations and no complaints from other parts of the locomotive system. The patient was HLA-B27 negative.
Contrast Medium Induced Changes in Granulocyte Adherence in Vitro and during Angiography
Authors: Lang E. V. , Lasser E. C.
Published: June 2015

The effect of ioxaglate and diatrizoate on per cent granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers was investigated in blood to which contrast medium was added in vitro and in blood from patients undergoing angiography. Very high concentrations of contrast medium, added to blood in vitro, directly abolished granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers. Intraaortic bolus injections of ioxaglate, but not of saline, transiently increased granulocyte concentrations in the femoral vein. Fractional granulocyte adherence to nylon fibers increased significantly above the baseline when angiographic dosages of contrast medium were diluted by circulation within the human body. On the other hand, dilute concentrations of contrast medium had no effect on per cent granulocyte adherence when added to whole blood in vitro. This indicates that the increased adherence produced in vivo is an indirect effect, which, usually, cannot be simulated in vitro.
Cerebral Panangiography in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Nakstad P. , Nornes H. , Hauge H. N. , Kjartansson O.
Published: June 2015

Cerebral panangiography was performed in 594 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysm of the middle cerebral arteries was the most frequent location of aneurysms in this material. Multiple aneurysms of the middle cerebral arteries are far more frequent than the combination of other locations. Judged from this material there is a 7 per cent possibility of finding a contralateral aneurysm of the middle cerebral arteries if one is found. Multiple aneurysms were found in 51 (8.6%) of the 594 patients. We conclude that the results of this study are typical for Norwegians, although some selection exists since the patients were first admitted to other hospitals. The frequency of complications with cerebral panangiography in subarachnoid hemorrhage was less than that of cerebral angiography in patients with other diseases.
Ultrasound in Renal Pyogenic Infection
Authors: Vehmas T. , Päivänsalo M. , Taavitsainen M. , Suramo I.
Published: June 2015

A series of 34 patients with renal or perirenal pyogenic infection (18 with pyonephrosis, 10 with renal abscess and 6 with perirenal abscess) is presented to evaluate diagnosis with ultrasound and treatment with percutaneous ultrasound guided aspiration/drainage. Specific findings, defined as sediment echoes or dispersed internal echoes in a hydronephrotic renal collecting system, were noted in 39 per cent of pyonephrosis cases. Abscesses were mainly round or oval hypoechoic lesions measuring from 2 to 15 cm in diameter. Two abscesses were multilocular and one showed a septum. The appearance suggested tumor in 25 per cent. Because of this non-specificity of ultrasound we recommend diagnostic aspirations and further radiologic and other examinations in difficult cases. Four patients were treated by conservative means only, 13 with percutaneous aspiration or drainage, 9 with a combined drainage procedure and surgery, and 8 surgically. The length of the mean hospital stay was shortest in the group with the percutaneous drainage procedure (PDP) although the difference was not statistically significant. PDP was not effective in 12 per cent and surgery was used in these two cases to ensure cure. Complications occurred more often in the PDP group than in the surgery group but the most serious complication was a post-operative one. The different modes of treatment are discussed. The overall mortality was 5.9 per cent.
Vascular Parenchymal Sources of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Savastano S. , Feltrin G. P. , Miotto D. , Chiesura-Corona M. , Rubaltelli L. , Candiani F.
Published: June 2015

Fourteen cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) were reviewed: 6 (group A) were caused by pancreatitis, 3 (group B) by hemobilia, and 5 (group C) by rupture of esophageal varices due to arterioportal shunts. Elective endoscopy carried out in 7 patients in groups A and B was negative; in 2 actively bleeding patients in group A emergency endoscopy could not detect the source of hemorrhage. Endoscopy was carried out in 4 patients in group C for diagnosis and sclerosis, but severe hemorrhage recurred in spite of treatment. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were carried out prior to angiography in 5 and 4 patients, respectively, and always suggested a parenchymal lesion. All patients underwent angiography. Transcatheter control of the hemorrhage was attempted as an emergency in 2 patients (as a presurgical step in one); elective embolization was the treatment of choice for 8 patients, with good results in 6. This study suggests the usefulness of US and CT both in the detection of parenchymal lesions causing UGIB not clarified by endoscopy, and in the selection of patients for angiographic treatment.
Roentgenologic Assessment of Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Danielson B. , Frennered K. , Selvik G. , Irstam L.
Published: June 2015

Different degrees of artificial L5-SI spondylolisthesis were created using a lumbar specimen. Lateral radiographs were obtained of each, with the specimen tilted and/or rotated. The true spondylolisthesis was determined stereophotogrammetrically. The slip, measured on the radiographs, was calculated according to two methods modified from Boxall et coll. (2). No significant difference in accuracy was found between these two methods. The difference in calculated slip between examinations needs to be at least 20 per cent of the sagittal length of L5 to be regarded as a true progression. A true progress of slip of less than 20 per cent is difficult to detect with statistical certainty.
Granulocyte Chemotaxis
Authors: Rasmussen F. , Georgsen J. , Pedersen J. O.
Published: June 2015

The under agarose method for evaluation of leucocyte chemotaxis was used to investigate the effect of radiographic contrast media (CM) on granulocyte locomotion. The CM tested had no chemoattractive properties. CM inhibited N-fmlp, a synthetic formylated Met-tripeptide, which is a strong chemotactic agent and an analogue to chemotatic peptides produced by bacteria. The inhibition of N-fmlp was most pronounced for diatrizoate. Equiosmolal saline was not so inhibitive. Therefore, some part of the inhibition was caused by factor(s) other than hyperosmolality inherent in the CM solution.
On-Line Monitoring of Sequential Blood Flow Reduction during Splenic Embolization
Authors: Link D. P. , Seibert J. A. , Gould J. , Lantz B. M. T.
Published: June 2015

Partial embolization of the spleen has been well established for the treatment of hypersplenism. A weakness of the technique is the lack of an objective method to quantitate the flow reduction during the procedure. The video dilution technique (VDT) has earlier been used to measure blood flow in regional arteries using video cassette replay. By adapting the VDT concept of relative flow to digital subtraction angiography, it is possible to calculate the flow reduction instantly following each injection of embolic material. We present a case of partial splenic embolization where the flow in the splenic artery was reduced to a predetermined level of 50 per cent of baseline flow. The clinical results were excellent. By observing the clinical results of partial embolization, terminated at different levels of flow reduction, it will be possible to optimize the results and prevent overembolization.
Computed Tomography Reveals Atypical Localization of Benign Mediastinal Tumors
Authors: Ikezoe J. , Sone S. , Morimoto S. , Takashima S. , Arisawa J. , Hamada S. , Nakahara K. , Kojiro N. , Ito M. , Kozuka T.
Published: June 2015

Computed tomographic appearances of 147 surgically proven mediastinal tumors (113 benign and 34 malignant lesions) were evaluated paying special attention to their localization or extension. Ten of the 113 benign lesions (9%) showed atypical or unique localization or extension, and were divided into three groups. In the first group, two lymphangiomas and one bronchogenic cyst spread over both the precardiovascular and the retrocardiovascular compartments, mimicking a malignant lesion. In the second group, the single cases of thymic hypertrophy, thymic cyst, schwannoma, and pericardial cyst were located atypically in the retrocardiovascular compartment. In the last group, two esophageal leiomyomas and one esophageal duplication showed upward and downward longitudinal extension beyond the azygos arch and the aortic arch.
Radiologic Diagnosis of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux
Authors: Fransson S.-G. , Sökjer H. , Johansson K.-E. , Tibbling L.
Published: June 2015

In 149 patients, a standardized radiologic method for the detection of gastro-oesophageal reflux was applied and compared with the results obtained at endoscopy and by a manometric reflux test. Radiologic reflux was recorded in 53 patients, of whom 25 had reflux without abdominal compression and 51 with compression. At least one of the other two types of examination disclosed pathologic conditions in all but 2 of 53 patients. Oesophagitis was significantly more severe among the patients with reflux observed at radiography. The presence of hiatal incompetence with reflux only to the hiatal hernia but not to the oesophagus was not a strong indicator of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Hiatal hernia was present in a significantly larger number of the patients with reflux at radiography than in those without reflux. Increased width of the hiatus gave stronger evidence for reflux disease than in patients with a normal hiatus. Thus, the width of the hiatus also had a bearing on the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Effect of Superparamagnetic Particles as Oral Contrast Medium at Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Lönnemark M. , Hemmingsson A. , Bach-Gansmo T. , Ericsson A. , Öksendal A. , Nyman R. , Moxnes A.
Published: June 2015

Non-biodegradable superparamagnetic particles were used as an oral contrast medium in different concentrations, and evaluated in 25 human volunteers. The aim of the study was to determine the most appropriate concentration of the contrast medium, and to evaluate the effect, distribution, safety and tolerance. With the concentration of 1.0 g/l a substantial reduction of the signal intensity in the bowel was achieved in both T1 and T2 weighted images. The intraabdominal structures were well differentiated from the bowels containing contrast medium. ‘Metal’ artifacts and blurring of adjacent structures, probably due to an increased local concentration, were observed at higher dosages. The distribution of the preparation in the gastrointestinal tract varied between individuals. As a rule a good contrast effect was achieved in the small bowel with the exception of the duodenum. The contrast medium was well accepted and did not cause any side effects of clinical importance. The results suggest that the preparation is well tolerated by humans and may be a useful contrast medium for abdominal MR imaging.
Comparison of Myelography, CT Myelography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cervical Spondylosis and Disk Herniation
Authors: Larsson E.-M. , Holtås S. , Cronqvist S. , Brandt L.
Published: June 2015

Twenty-six patients with cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy caused by spondylosis or disk herniation were examined with myelography, CT myelography and MR. Fourteen of the patients were operated upon and 11 of them underwent postoperative MR and CT. The three radiologic methods provided comparable information about narrowing of the subarachnoid space and compression of the spinal cord. It was more difficult to distinguish bone from soft tissue with MR only, but the combination of MR and conventional radiography gave sufficient information for this differentiation. When radiologic nerve root sheath deformity was compared with clinical radiculopathy, myelography, CT myelography and MR had similar sensitivity and accuracy. Postoperative MR could reveal remaining indentation on the thecal sac and the cord but CT without contrast medium was useful as a complement to determine the aetiology of the indentation. Because MR has several practical advantages, it is well suited as the primary imaging modality, together with conventional radiography, for the preoperative radiologic evaluation of patients with cervical radiculopathy and/or myelopathy. Postoperative MR is useful in patients with persistent or new symptoms.
Low Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Ragnarsson J. I. , Ekelund L. , Kärrholm J. , Hietala S.-O.
Published: June 2015

Fourteen patients with cervical hip fractures were treated with internal fixation using titanium screws. The femoral head vitality was evaluated with99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy and scintimetry within 2 weeks postoperatively and by serial low field magnetic resonance imaging (MR). Two patients with reduced radionuclide uptake (femoral head ratio <1.0) developed radiographic signs of femoral head necrosis. MR disclosed the definite area of the necrosis at 2 and 12 months after fracture, respectively. In three of the patients with a high scintimetric uptake (femoral head ratio ≥1.0), MR revealed a focal decrease of the signal intensity in the femoral head or neck at 2, 3 and 7 months after fracture, respectively. The radiographs in one of these patients were normal at 7 months after fracture. The second one showed signs of necrosis at 16 months and the last one developed delayed/non-union. With a non-ferromagnetic osteosynthesis the healing course after femoral neck fracture can be studied with low field MR equipment without disturbing artifacts. The time period between ischaemia and definite abnormalities on MR may embrace several months.
Relative Heart Volume and Subsequent Mortality in Old People
Authors: Takala J. K. , Mattila K. J. , Jääskeläinen J.
Published: June 2015

In 1971 radiologic heart volume was measured in 721 men and women over the age of 65 as part of a cardio-respiratory screening examination in a rural community in Central Finland. The survival time for the whole series examined was followed for up to ten years. Relative heart volume did not differ between the sexes, but it increased with age in both men and women. The relative heart volume of almost every second woman exceeded 450 ml/m2, whereas in men it exceeded 500 ml/m2 in only every fifth. These limits have often been considered appropriate for the respective sexes. There was an inverse correlation between relative heart volume and survival time. A large relative volume predicted excess mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. A small relative heart volume predicted excess mortality attributable to tumours and respiratory diseases.
Cavitary Pulmonary Nodules in Atypical Collagen Disease and Lupoid Drug Reaction
Authors: Muren C. , Strandberg O.
Published: June 2015

The case histories of two patients with cavitary pulmonary nodules and the findings at chest radiography are reviewed. The first patient had a connective tissue disease with features common to systematic lupus erythematosus and Wegener's granulomatosis. In the second patient the lung changes developed as part of a drug reaction to carbamezapine and/or phenytoin. The common denominator of the cavitating nodules is probably the presence of granulomas, developing as a sequela of pulmonary vasculitis.
Reduction of the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation in the Isolated Rabbit Heart by Small Additions of Electrolytes to Non-Ionic Monomeric Contrast Media
Authors: Bååth L. , Almén T.
Published: June 2015

Perfusion of the isolated rabbit heart with solutions (350 mg I/ml) of the non-ionic contrast media iohexol and iopentol, both containing NaCl (20 mmol/l), caused a significantly lower frequency of ventricular fibrillation (VF) than solutions without NaCl. Iohexol or iopentol with NaCl (10 mmol/l) caused an intermediate frequency of VF. Iohexol with 10 or 20 mmol NaCl/l caused about the same frequency of VF as iohexol solutions with about the same total electrolyte concentration but with electrolyte composition as that of Krebs' solution. At 320 mg I/ml, solutions of iohexol (20 mmol NaCl/l), iodixanol (20 mmol NaCl/l) and ioxaglate (155 mmol Na/l) all produced a significantly lower frequency of VF than iohexol without NaCl. Ioxaglate caused the largest and iodixanol the smallest decrease in contractile force of the media. The investigation suggests that the small risk of VF from non-ionic monomeric media can be further reduced by adding a small amount of sodium chloride or of the electrolytes of Krebs' solution.
A Foot-Fixator for Exact Imaging Reproducibility in Lower Extremity Radiography
Authors: Mattsson O.
Published: June 2015

For repeated radiographic examinations for evaluating fracture healing, dislocation of fractures, migration and loosening of prostheses, resorption conditions, etc, it is very important that identical and comparable projections should be available. Traditional manual by-eye positioning can be inadequate in many situations. A device designed with the aim of securing identical and reproducible projection conditions on different occasions was therefore constructed.
Digital Chest Radiography with a Large Image Intensifier
Authors: Månsson L. G. , Kheddache S. , Schlossman D. , Börjesson J. , Håkansson E. , Mattsson S. , Tylén U.
Published: June 2015

A digital system for chest radiography based on a large image intensifier was compared with a conventional film-screen system. The diagnostic performance was evaluated with special reference to the digital monitor images with a modified version of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis—free response ROC (FROC) analysis—on a chest equivalent phantom. Measurements of spatial resolution and energy imparted were also performed. The detectability of low-contrast objects as well as spatial resolution was better for the full-size film-screen radiographs than for both the digital monitor images and the 100 mm photofluorograms. The image-intensifier system has a potential for considerable dose savings in relation to the conventional technique provided that fluoroscopy is excluded in the positioning of the patients.
In Vivo Measurements of the T1 Relaxation Processes in the Bone Marrow in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Jensen K. E. , Nielsen H. , Thomsen C. , Sørensen P. G. , Karle H. , Christoffersen P. , Henriksen O.
Published: June 2015

Nine patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were examined with magnetic resonance imaging and in vivo T1 relaxation time measurements of the vertebral bone marrow in a 1.5 tesla whole body scanner. Two patients underwent transformation to acute myeloid leukemia and were evaluated at follow-up examinations. At the time of diagnosis the T1 relaxation times of the vertebral bone marrow were significantly prolonged compared with normal values. The T1 relaxation times of the vertebral bone marrow in patients with MDS showed significantly lower values compared with patients with acute leukemia and did not differ from patients with polycythemia vera.
Development of the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome after Endoscopic Obliteration of Oesophageal Varices
Authors: Dilawari J. B. , Chawla Y. K. , Kaur U.
Published: June 2015

A patient with post-necrotic liver cirrhosis, presenting with recurrent haematemesis and melena due to oesophageal varices, received repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. The Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome developed 11 months after variceal obliteration. Neither rebleeding nor recurrence of varices was observed during a follow up period of 12 months after obliteration of varices.
In Vivo Microscopy of the Liver after Injection of Lipiodol into the Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein in the Rat
Authors: Kan Z. , Ivancev K. , Hägerstrand I. , Chuang V. P. , Lunderquist A.
Published: June 2015

The route, distribution and clearance of intraarterially administered Lipiodol in the liver has been the subject of much speculation. The hepatic microcirculation was therefore studied by in vivo microscopy after injection of Lipiodol into the hepatic artery and the portal vein in rats. After intraarterial injection, Lipiodol rapidly entered the portal branches through arterio-portal communications. Lipiodol also passed through the sinusoids from the portal into the hepatic veins and then into the systemic circulation. Sinusoidal congestion occurred when the oil droplets filled the liver microcirculation and resolved as the oil was cleared. It is of clinical significance to note the passage of the oil into the systemic circulation after arterial injection.
Monitoring of Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Francis C. W. , Foster T. H. , Totterman S. , Brenner B. , Marder V. J. , Bryant R. G.
Published: June 2015

Magnetic resonance imaging using limited-flip-angle, gradient refocused pulse sequences has been used to monitor the course of anticoagulant or fibrinolytic therapy for deep vein thrombosis in two patients. The findings demonstrate the capacity of this technique to delineate the extent of thrombosis and characterize changes in size in response to treatment. Advantages of this approach include high anatomic resolution, speed of examination and non-invasiveness, properties that make it well-suited to following the progress of therapy with potentially significant implications for improving treatment.