bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexiones sobre la percepción musical: El cuerpo artificial y la empatía
Authors: Hidalgo Valbuena Crhistian Esteban
Published: March 2021

La conexión emocional que el receptor experimenta mientras escucha la música, es un concepto de vaga definición en la investigación en música. Alrededor de hace tres décadas, apareció la psicología musical como disciplina para intentar comprender este fenómeno y, recientemente, la neurociencia y los estudios humanísticos se han visto involucrados también en el tema. Sin embargo, los científicos todavía no han completamente entendido las implicaciones de las respuestas automáticas e inconsciente del escucha. En línea con autores y estudios modernos que sugieren que la empatía es el principal órgano de percepción debido a la ilusión de un cuerpo artificial, este artículo presenta un acercamiento interdisciplinario para entender las emociones que derivan del escuchar música.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Üstbilişsel Farkındalık, Öz-Düzenleyici Öğrenme Stratejileri, Matematiğe Yönelik Kaygı ve Tutum Düzeylerinin Matematik Başarısını Yordama Durumu
Authors: KANDAL Rüveyda , BAŞ Fatih
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin üstbilişsel farkındalık, öz-düzenleyici öğrenme stratejileri, matematiğe yönelik kaygı ve tutum düzeylerinin cinsiyet ve sınıf seviyesine göre değişip değişmediğini belirlemek ve bu değişkenlerin matematik başarısını yordama durumunu incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modeli ile tasarlanan araştırma 124 ortaokul öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak; Üstbilişsel Farkındalık, Öz-Düzenleyici Öğrenme Stratejileri, Matematik Kaygısı ve Matematik Tutum ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin matematik başarılarını belirlemek için uygulamanın yapıldığı dönemden önceki yarıyıl sonu matematik ders notu ortalamaları dikkate alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin öğrenme stratejileri cinsiyete göre farklılaşırken, matematiğe yönelik kaygı, tutum ile üstbilişsel farkındalıklarının cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı; tüm değişkenlerin sınıf düzeyine göre farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öz-düzenleyici öğrenme stratejileri matematik başarısının anlamlı bir yordayıcısıdır.
Insight into the emerging role of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural and accessory proteins in modulation of multiple mechanisms of host innate defense
Authors: Abdalla Abualgasim Elgaili , Xie Jianping , Junaid Kashaf , Younas Sonia , Elsaman Tilal , Abosalif Khalid Omer Abdalla , Alameen Ayman Ali Mohammed , Mahjoob Mahjoob Osman , Elamir Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed , Ejaz Hasan
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an extremely infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has become a major global health concern. The induction of a coordinated immune response is crucial to the elimination of any pathogenic infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 can modulate the host immune system to favor viral adaptation and persistence within the host. The virus can counteract type I interferon (IFN-I) production, attenuating IFN-I signaling pathway activation and disrupting antigen presentation. Simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2 infection can enhance apoptosis and the production of inflammatory mediators, which ultimately results in increased disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 produces an array of effector molecules, including nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and open-reading frames (ORFs) accessory proteins. We describe the complex molecular interplay of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs and accessory proteins with the host’s signaling mediating immune evasion in the current review. In addition, the crucial role played by immunomodulation therapy to address immune evasion is discussed. Thus, the current review can provide new directions for the development of vaccines and specific therapies.
Transplanting Tobacco Seedlings in the Greenhouse v1
Authors: Doran Lynn
Published: March 2021

Protocol for transplanting and growing tobacco seedlings in the UIUC RIPE greenhouse. Has been verified on Petite Havana and Samson cultivars. For additional information on growing tobacco for research purposes refer to UIUC RIPE greenhouse guide "Growing Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) under Greenhouse Conditions, RIPE Project UIUC Field and Greenhouse, 2020"
Improved method of processing the output parameters of the diesel locomotive engine for more efficient maintenance
Authors: Zvolenský Peter , Barta Dalibor , Grenčík Juraj , Droździel Pawel , Kašiar Ľubomír
Published: March 2021

Modernization of aged rolling stock is one of the possibilities to adapt it to the current
requirements for better environmental friendliness and economy of railway transport. However, some vehicle upgrades lead to new failures that were not observed in the original
vehicles. The cause is the so-called “hybrid design”, built on a combination of original and
selected new components. The aim of the work was to improve the situation with frequent
failures and unavailability that occur on the modernized locomotive where a new diesel
engine and new electronic control system was installed. Within the work, a simplified methodology for evaluating the outputs of diagnostic equipment was developped based on and
applied to specific locomotive type and its diesel engine. The methodology resulted in a
significant reduction of the time for assessing the condition of the vehicle’s diesel engine and
more effective maintenance. The paper also presents other possibilities in the analysis of big
data in the maintenance of rolling stock e.g. using fuzzy logic.
RETROGRESYON VE YENİDEN YAŞLANDIRMA İŞLEMİ UYGULANMIŞ 7075 ALÜMİNYUM ALAŞIMININ SERTLİK DAVRANIŞI
Authors: UZUN Recep Onur , ARSLAN Dilek
Published: March 2021

Metallerin mekanik özellikleri ısıl işlem uygulanması ile artırılabilmektedir. Alüminyum ve alaşımlarının sertlik dayanımlarını arttırabilmek için yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da 7075 alüminyum alaşımına retrogresyon ve yeniden yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Uygun çözeltiye alma ve suni olarak yaşlandırma işlemi olan T6 ısıl işleminin gerçekleştirildiğinden emin olmak için öncelikle 7075 alüminyum alaşım 480˚C’de 2 saat çözeltide bekletilerek ardından soğutulup, oda sıcaklığında doğal olarak yaşlandırılmıştır. T6 ısıl işlemini ve sonrasında T6 işleminden daha yüksek 150˚C -170˚C -190˚C sıcaklıkları arasında 60 dakika, 180 dakika ve 300 dakika sürelerde yaşlandırma uygulanmıştır. Yaşlandırma sürecinde yeniden çözeltiye alma süresi ve sıcaklıklarını değiştirerek bu değerlerin AA7075 alüminyum alaşımının sertlik değerlerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, çözeltiye alma sıcaklığının ve süresinin alüminyum alaşımının sertlik değerinde artış sağladığını göstermiştir. Isıl işlemin sıcaklık ve bekletme süresi, alüminyum alaşımlarının mikroyapısında meydana getirdiği değişikliklerden dolayı alaşımların sertlik değerlerini etkilemektedir.
Modellenen Bir Jet Türbin Pervanesine Uygulanan Kaplamaların Simülasyon Tabanlı Statik Analizi
Authors: ÖZEL Serkan , ÖZCAN Azeb
Published: March 2021

Jet motorlarının statik davranışını belirlemek için bilgisayar destekli tasarım programlarından yararlanılması hem zamandan hem de maddi açıdan tasarruf sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, model uçaklarda kullanılabilecek bir jet motor türbin diskinin tasarımı SolidWorks programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan jet motor kanatçık kısımları Oksit ve karbür malzemelerle (Al2O3, SiC ve WC) SolidWorks programında kaplanmıştır. Kaplama işlemi uygulanmış kanatçıkların program üzerinde statik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, en iyi statik analiz sonuçlarının SiC ile kaplanan numunede olduğu görülmüştür.
CNC Takım Tezgahlarında Ayna ve Punta Basıncının Talaşlı İmalat Parametrelerine Etkisinin Yüzey Yanıt Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Hüseyin , BADAY Şehmus , SÖNMEZ Fikret
Published: March 2021

Talaşlı imalat işlemi, makine parçalarının üretilmesinde kullanılan temel üretim metotlarından biridir. Talaşlı imalatın yüksek standartlarda gerçekleştirilmesi, iş parçalarının uygun bir ayna ve punta basıncıyla bağlanmasıyla ile mümkün olabilir. Çünkü iş parçasının tezgâha düzgün bağlanması yüzey pürüzlülüğünü iyileştirmekte, titreşimleri azaltmakta ve talaşlı imalat verimini arttırmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada silindirik parçaların CNC torna tezgahına bağlanmasında kullanılan ayna ve punta bağlama mekanizmalarının sıkma basıncı değişimini incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, sabit kesme parametrelerinde üç farklı ayna ve punta basıncı ile iş parçası yüzeyinden talaş kaldırılmıştır. Bu işlemin ardından titreşim genliği incelenmiş ve yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan ölçümlerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzey yanıt yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu istatiksel yöntem ile yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlendirilmiş, deney setinin en etkin parametresinin ayna basıncı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca model ile deney sonuçlarının tahmin yeteneği araştırılmıştır. Tüm yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri sırası ile sisteme girilmeden tahmin edilmiş ve deneysel sonuçların tahmin sonuçları ile ortalama %94,2 oranında benzeştiği görülmüştür. Titreşim genliğinin araştırılması için de yüzey yanıt yöntemi ile model oluşturulmuştur. Bununla birlikte titreşim genliği bu yöntemi ile çözümlenememiştir.
Obituary. Vladimir A. Fokin
Authors: Rozinov Vladimir М.
Published: March 2021

Information about the activities of Vladimir A. Fokin, who made a huge contribution to the integration of Russian traumatologists and orthopedists into the world professional community and the introduction of modern technologies of osteosynthesis into domestic medicine.
Os riscos inerentes e manipulados no marketing turístico: o papel da sustentabilidade como uma estratégia de reduçao do risco percibido em viagens internacionais
Authors: Kovacs Michelle Helena , De Brito Marisa , Queiroz Marques Rafaela
Published: March 2021

O risco percebido tem sido estudado na área de marketing desde sua introdução, em 1960, em especial quanto a sua influência no comportamento do consumidor. Todavia, a teoria do risco percebido ainda apresenta questões não respondidas, mesmo sendo objeto de várias pesquisas na área há mais de quatro décadas. Na área de turismo, o construto risco está presente nas decisões dos consumidores, especialmente pelas próprias características da atividade, como inseparabilidade, intangibilidade, variabilidade e perecibilidade.Esta pesquisa apresenta então uma contribuição neste campo do conhecimento, ao analisar, dentro do marketing turístico, uma área pouco explorada, que é a questão do risco percebido em viagens internacionais e as estratégias de redução do risco percebido com a sustentabilidade. Desde 1990, quando a sustentabilidade se tornou um conceito chave para uma série de áreas, a necessidade de multidisciplinaridade tem crescido. Estudos que propiciem conhecimentos sobre o tema têm recebido ênfase, visto a importância de investigações sobre o construto, especialmente sobre a ótica do consumidor. O estudo é um corte transversal, com caráter descritivo. A amostra foi composta indivíduos de nacionalidade brasileira, estudantes do curso de turismo e administração de uma Universidade Federal. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo podem contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre a imagem proporcionada pelos ‘rótulos verdes’ na indústria do turismo. Esses dados também trazem informações que poderão contribuir na definição de novas políticas de incentivo, para que contribuam com a melhoria dos serviços ofertados e, consequentemente, com a imagem da região.
Contexto institucional de la responsabilidad social hotelera en la Eurorregión: un análisis factorial
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María Dolores
Published: March 2021

Contexto institucional de la responsabilidad social hotelera en la Eurorregión: un análisis factorial. En este trabajo estudiamos el contexto institucional en el ámbito de la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC). Nuestro objeto de estudio son los hoteles de tres, cuatro y cinco estrellas ubicados en la Eurorregión Galicia y Norte de Portugal. El marco teórico en que nos apoyamos es la Teoría Institucional, la cual tiene su base en los tres principales pilares institucionales coercitivo, normativo y cognitivo (Scott, 1995). En esta investigación pretendemos averiguar cual de las tres presiones institucionales propuestas por Deephouse (1996) ejerce mayor presión en este entorno. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto fue desarrollado un estudio cuantitativo en el que se utilizó un cuestionario para la recogida de datos. Este cuestionario se elaboró en base a la configuración de diferentes escalas ya validadas previamente (Deephouse, 1996; Fernández, 2001; Kostova y Roth, 2002; Vargas-Sánchez y Riquel-Ligero, 2012; Gallardo, et al 2013; Llamas-Sánchez, et al 2013). Con el fin de verificar el peso que ejerce cada una de las presiones aplicamos la metodología de Análisis Factorial por rotación Varimax a las variables propuestas en nuestro modelo. Tras la aplicación de las pruebas de unidimensionalidad de escala obtuvimos los diferentes factores que constituyen nuestro modelo de investigación propuesto. Con todo ello conseguimos reducir la información contenida en un conjunto de variables menor al planteado inicialmente, con la mínima pérdida de información.  Como principal resultado de esta investigación sobresale que la presión coercitiva y la presión normativa son las presiones que más influyen en el contexto institucional de la Eurorregión de nuestro objeto de estudio.
An Overview of Modern Technologies in Leading Global Seaports
Authors: Pavlić Skender Helga , Ribarić Elizabeta , Jović Marija
Published: March 2021

This paper provides an overview of the modern technologies used in selected global seaports, and their possible impact on future development of seaports. The research problem stems from inefficience of customs procedures, dispute information flow, unneeded container manipulation in port area, and time lost due to bureucracy procedures. Methods used in this paper are the descriptive method, method of analysis, classification method, and compilation method. Since the majority of leading global seaports are placed in China, the authors decided to analyze the most successful seaport from each country, in order to achieve heterogeneity and global insight into used modern technologies. In total, eleven seaports placed on Lloyd’s list Top 100 Ports have been analyzed. Key findings in this paper are: (1) different level of development of a particular country affects different levels of implementation of new technical and technological achievements, resulting in different levels of development of each seaport; (2) future development of modern technologies in seaports leans towards autonomous technologies such as autonomous drones, and self-driving trucks. Modern technologies may improve the safety and efficiency of operations in and outside seaports.
Liability for Violating Standards in Shia Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Authors: Chitsazian Morteza
Published: March 2021

Standards are of critical importance for protecting public health and ensuring the integrity of transactions and the consistency of the quality of goods and services. Violation of standards can do significant harm to individuals and the society as a whole. Since people are entitled to the right of consuming goods with adequate safety and quality, standards themselves can be considered a civil right. The issue of damages and compensation in relation to the violation of standards has been addressed in Iranian law as well as Shia jurisprudence. In Shia jurisprudence, causing harm to others makes a person liable to coercive action and compensation. According to Article 1 of the Iranian Civil Liability Law, anyone who has intentionally or unintentionally caused material or moral damage to another person’s life, health, property, liberty, dignity, business reputation or any other right that the other person is entitled to by law is liable for compensation for the damages caused by his action. In this article, we examine the jurisprudential arguments that support the necessity of enforcing standards and the liabilities that arise from violation of standards in Iranian law. In this regard, Quran verses and hadiths call for accuracy and consistency in all matters, honesty in work, and respect for laws.  The Shia jurisprudential principles that call for the observance of standards include La-zarar (no-harm), Tasbib (causation), and Ghorur (deception). Therefore, there is a strong foundation in Shia jurisprudence for enforcing standards. However, Iranian law requires stronger laws with harsher punishment for violators to prevent negligence in complying with standards.
Legal Protection Victims of Victims of Handphone Release Against Children based on Unus Testis Nullus Testis in the Era of Pandemi Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Michael Michael
Published: March 2021

The findings of this study provide legal protection that victims of confiscation of children using cellphones have been regulated as a criminal act. Preventive legal protection measures against victims of confiscation by, among others (1) the need for a complaint mechanism against victims of confiscation of cellphones against children and the rights of victims of confiscation; (2) regulating criminal and civil procedural procedures which are related to on another; and (3) provision of services to complement the roles that other law enforcement agencies don’t currently have.
Implementation of Development and Supervision Against the Head of the Sub-District (Camat) as Temporary Land Deed Maker Official (PPATS) in Implementing Its Authority (Study in North Lampung Regency)
Authors: Aliftya Ega , Madjid Abdul
Published: March 2021

The problems regarding the weaknesses of the PPATS deed faced by the Head of the Sub-District as the Temporary Land Deed Maker Official (PPATS) are very varied. There are several legal products made by PPATS that either have deficiencies or are flawed. This study uses a sociological and empirical juridical approach. Sources of data in this study are through library research and field research; and the data used are primary data and secondary data. The samples in this study were 5 PPATS in North Lampung Regency, 1 (one) employee or head of the National Land Agency of North Lampung Regency, and 3 residents in North Lampung Regency. The results of this study indicate the weaknesses of the deed made by PPATS in North Lampung. There are still deeds made by PPATS in Lampung Utara district that do not attach supporting data for the deed; such as the identity of the husband or wife on the deed, the requirements for supporting a certificate of heirs in terms of transfer of rights, and the lack of signatures from the parties included in the legal act. The factors that led to the weakness of the deed stem from (1) lack of guidance and supervision of PPATS in North Lampung; (2) PPATS educational background which is not from a Law degree, so that legal awareness to exercise authority in accordance with the rules is very low; (3) lack of legal awareness of PPATS and its people to obey the law; (4) lack of PPATS knowledge in updating the latest information on PPATS authority; and (5) the many tasks of the Head of Sub-District in the field of Government, which cause matters regarding the Transfer of Rights to Land are neglected and often delegated to District Staff, so that the Head of Sub-District as the Temporary PPAT does not directly check the perfection of his authentic deed even though the legality of the Deed made must be an authentic Deed.
Protective Effects of Curcumin on Sperm and Stereological Parameters in Testes of Formaldehyde-Exposed NMRI Mice: An Experimental Study
Authors: Fathi Elahe , Shahedi Abbas , Hosseini  Sharifabad Mohammad , Vakili Mahmood
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Formaldehyde (FA) exposure is an important cause of cellular injury and oxidative damage in testis, leading to infertility. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of curcumin on sperm and stereological parameters in testes from formaldehyde-exposed NMRI mice.
Materials and Methods: At 6-8 weeks of age, 24 adult male NMRI mice weighing 30-35 g were categorized into four groups (n=6) based on the treatment they received: Group І (control) received no treatment, group ΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg), group ΙΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg) and curcumin (100 mg/kg), and group IV (Solvent) received dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 ml/day). Materials were administered intraperitoneally for 35 days. After excision, epididymis tissues were placed in 1 mL aliquots of Ham’s F10 medium at 37˚C for 20 min and were then used in analyses of sperm parameters. Testes were fixed and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin to investigate stereological indices. We also determined lipid peroxidation levels using malondialdehyde assays.
Results: Mean sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and morphology) differed significantly between groups ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ (p≤0.001). Stereological indices, including Leydig and spermatogonia cell numbers and surface-to-volume ratios of seminiferous tubules were significantly higher in group ΙΙΙ than in group ΙΙ (p≤0.001) . Finally, malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly lower than in group II (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The data showed that the curcumin, as an antioxidant, reduced FA-induced damage in sperm parameters and stereological indices in mice testes.
Evaluating the Distribution of (+ 2044G / A, R130Q) Rs20541 and (-1112 C / T) Rs1800925 Polymorphism in IL-13 Gene: An Association-Based Study with Asthma in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Sharifi Atefeh , Ghadiri Ata , Salimi Anayatallah , Ghandil Pegah , Esmaeili Seyed-Alireza
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Asthma is a complicated chronic inflammatory disease associated with pulmonary inflammation, severe immune responses of the respiratory tract, and change or destruction in the respiratory tract structure. Several factors, especially genetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. Interlukin (IL)-13 is considered the most important inflammatory mediator of asthma that play an effective role in the different stages of B cell maturation and differentiation. It also increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex II and CD23 and is effective in IgE isotypes switching. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) cause the wide genetic diversity in the genome, and SNP analysis helps evaluate and diagnose disease-related genes. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of -1112C / T and + 2044 G /A polymorphisms in the IL-13 gene with asthma.
Material and Methods: Blood samples (5 ml) from asthma patients (167) and controls (172) after spirometry test were collected into tubes, and then DNA was extracted to determine the genotype of asthma patients. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed by the Taq Man method, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.
Results: There was a significant difference between the genotype of IL-13 -1112C / T polymorphism in the patient group and the control group (p = 0.028). The IL13 + 2044G / A polymorphism results showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.319).
Conclusions: The present study showed that IL-13 -1112C / T polymorphism positively correlates with the induction of asthma, but there was no significant association between the polymorphism + 2044G / A IL-13 and the risk of asthma.
Evaluating Related Factors to the Number of Involved Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer Using Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model
Authors: Younespour Shima , Maraghi Elham , Saki Malehi Amal , Raissizadeh Maedeh , Seghatoleslami Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Mehran
Published: March 2021

Background and aims: In Iran, breast cancer accounts for 24.4% of all cancers and contributes to 14.2% of cancer-associated mortality in women. A major challenge facing the health system is to examine the health status of patients with breast cancer, which often involves the axillary lymph nodes. The number of involved nodes should be clinically predicted to ascertain postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The present study employed regression models to investigate the determinants of the number of lymph nodes involved in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study recruited patients diagnosed with breast cancer during 2005-2015 referring to Shafa Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The outcome variable was the number of involved lymph nodes. Regression models for count outcomes, were utilized for investigating the related factors to the number of involved lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.
Results: A sample of 165 patients was eligible for the present study. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) of the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model was the lowest. The logistic part showed that absence of metastasis significantly increased the chance of node-negative breast cancer (P=0.027). The negative binomial part revealed an increase of 86% in the risk of a greater number of involved nodes in stage III breast cancer compared to stages I and II, suggesting that the patients were at a high risk (P=0.006).
Conclusion: Metastasis status and tumor grade significantly relate to the number of lymph nodes involved in breast cancer. Determining the factors associated with nodal involvement is crucial for the early diagnosis of breast cancer by clinicians.
Sprejemna turistična agencija in celovito vodena gastronomska doživetja, certificirana s kolektivno blagovno znamk
Authors: Stermecki Ilona
Published: March 2021

Potovalne agencije se kot del gospodarskega globalnega sistema soočajo s številnimi spremembami. Nekatere so posledica pospešenega razvoja tehnologije, ki omogoča večjo dostopnost do informacij, druge demografskih in podnebnih sprememb, spet tretje so vezane na nevarnost terorističnih napadov in pandemij, kot je COVID-19, ki nas je prizadel v letu 2020. Našteti izzivi postajajo del naše nove realnosti, od potovalnih agencij pa zahtevajo prilagajanja, predvsem na področjih varnosti, higiene in zaupanja potnikov. Za uspešno prihodnje poslovanje se morajo preusmeriti iz klasičnih v specializirane potovalne agencije, ki kreirajo in tržijo ponudbo poglobljenih doživetij turističnih destinacij, v katerih poslujejo. Vsebina tovrstnih poglobljenih doživetij temelji na odličnem poznavanju lokalnega okolja, vrednotah dediščine, krajinski podobi in letnih časih, ob vključevanju verig lokalnih ponudnikov, ki gradijo na elementih trajnostnega poslovanja, varnosti, zdravja in neponovljivosti doživetij. V vsakem primeru poznajo in upoštevajo potrebe in želje gosta ter skupaj z njim gradijo visokokakovostna celovita vodena gastronomska doživetja, certificirana s kolektivno blagovno znamko. Vzpostavljeni sistemi znamčenja in oznake zelenega poslovanja omogočajo destinaciji in njenim ponudnikom večjo prepoznavnost na trgu, gostu pa jamčijo visoko kakovost ponujenega doživetja z lokalno dodano vrednostjo.
Teritorialne kolektivne blagovne znamke, vzpostavljene po modelu 'Izvorno slovensko'
Authors: Lešnik Štuhec Tanja
Published: March 2021

Teritorialne kolektivne blagovne znamke so vedno pogosteje orodje razvoja in trženja podeželskih upravljanih destinacij z jasno vizijo prihodnosti, podkrepljeno s strateškimi razvojnimi in trženjskimi cilji, ukrepi in aktivnostmi. Celovito povezani deležniki z namenom ustvarjanja visokokakovostne ponudbe območja gradijo prepoznavno lokalno dodano vrednost gastronomije destinacije. Mnogi avtorji izpostavljajo, da ciljne skupine domačih in mednarodnih obiskovalcev, predvsem sodobni ljubitelji hrane, tako imenovani foodies, vedno bolj iščejo in cenijo tovrstna prizadevanja. Centri kakovosti z organiziranimi kratkimi lokalnimi dobavnimi verigami, usposabljanji in svetovanji strokovnih institucij ter z digitalno trženjsko-prodajno-logistično tehnologijo prinašajo sinergične učinke vsem vključenim deležnikom destinacije. Pomembno je, da se vsak deležnik na poti od njive do krožnika in še dlje, vse do vodenega gastronomskega doživetja in prireditve ter doživetega bivanja v avtentičnih nastanitvenih kapacitetah, posveča le delu celovitega doživetja – lastnemu prispevku v verigi destinacijske zgodbe – in prispeva k visoki kakovosti lokalno dodane vrednosti končnemu gastronomskemu doživetju. Več kot deset teritorialnih kolektivnih blagovnih znamk, vzpostavljenih po modelu 'Izvorno slovensko', sledi opisanemu pristopu in s tem prispeva k vedno večji prepoznavnosti Slovenije kot zelene, aktivne in zdrave destinacije, ki pritegne z raznovrstno gastronomsko ponudbo tudi zahtevne raziskovalce gastronomije.
GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE VALERIC RIVER VALLEY IN THE ACHKHOY-MARTAN DISTRICT OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Authors:   Chechen Agricultural Institute, Amagova Z.A.
Published: March 2021

The main sources of drinking and domestic water supply in the Chechen Republic are groundwater. The scares information on the intensity of pollution and the elemental composition of groundwater in the republic, as well as the heterogeneity of the distribution of chemical elements, largely associated with the presence of mountain areas, determines the necessity of detailed investigations. Water chemical and elemental composition of springs situated in the Valeric river valley at the Valeric settlement territory, Achkhoy-Martan district of the Chechen republic, is studied. All water samples were alkaline (pH 8.12–8.77), with relatively low levels of hardness (2.1–3.0 mg-eq/dm3) and mineralization (213–441 mg/dm3) and low fluorine content (0.28–0.36 mg/dm3). Among the studied indicators, risk factors are an increased content of nitrates (indicated concentration range reached 0.67–1.33 MPC). Water of springs situated at the river downstream contained significantly higher concentrations of all elements investigated. The highest coefficients of variations were revealed for B (84.6%), Cu (85.8%), Se (103%), and also As (86.5%) and Cd (96.7%). Three springs with elevated levels of B (730 µg/dm3), Li (210 µg/dm3) and Se (1.0-4.2 µg/dm3) were revealed, This suggests high prospects of bottling the water of these springs for utilization in preventive purposes as a table natural mineral water, intended for increasing immunity, preventing osteoporosis and in neurological practice.
NUTRITION AND SOMATIC CONDITION OF THE STAFF OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. ALEXIS DURING GREAT ORTHODOX LENT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Galchenko A.V. , Ranjit R. ,   Peoples` Friendship University of Russia, Yakovlev M.Yu. ,   Peoples` Friendship University of Russia, Revyakina V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition
Published: March 2021

Many people following different religions undergo fasting as their religious courtesy but the effects of being in a Lenten diet among Russians have not been fully studied yet. The research evaluates the ef-fect of fasting on nutritional status during Great Lent. Methodology. The study was performed among 44 people aged 23 to 65 years, including 9 men and 35 women. A physical examination was carried out and their complaints about well-being were noted carefully. The nutrient composition of the diet was determined by the method of frequency analysis of food consumption during the period of the Great Lent. A general blood test was done to assess anaemia. Results. High rate of vitamins A, D, H, and B12, calcium, zinc, chromium, iodine, and molybdenum deficiencies in diet were observed. Many patients complained of dyspepsia, skin dryness, skin peeling, high affinity towards respiratory infections, fatigue, and irritation. The given symptoms were correlated with decreased intake of iodine, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, vitamins H and B12. Conclusion. People who follow Great Lent are recommended to consume a high amount of various fruits and vegetables, nuts, sea algae, green leafy vegetables, thermally processed legumes and grains. For the prevention of vitamins D and B12 deficiencies, it is suggested to consume fortified foods and supplements.
Don Juan y las formas de representación simbólica de la muerte en el siglo XVII
Authors: Rivera Leonarda
Published: March 2021

Since its origins in the Theater of the Golden Age, Don Juan has been seen as “a symbol of carnal pleasure”. The seventeenth-century Don Juan seems to be a symbol of the baroque festival, where sex and death appear interwined. This paper analyzes the relationship between sexuality and Death as pillars in don Juan’s story. Both embody two faces of the same coin: The Trickster of Seville embodies the image of sexual instinct and The Stone Guest “the Death”.
Perspectivas de la metáfora y el símbolo desde la teoría de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Evangelista Ávila Iram Isaí
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes some approaches to the concepts of metaphor and symbol from Paul Ricoeur’s discourse in The Rule of Metaphor, and some other essays such as From Text to Action and The Conflict of Interpretations. Likewise, to contextualize certain terms, I will use some of the notes by Mauricio Beuchot as he approaches the concept of symbol. Symbol and metaphor transport us to reconfigure the literary work of art as a whole and take us into another horizon. The application of this exercise will fall in an excerpt of “El prodigioso miligramo” by Juan José Arreola.
Investigations of injector deposits in modern diesel engines
Authors: STĘPIEŃ Zbigniew
Published: March 2021

Traces of some metallic elements that may contaminate diesel fuel are a very significant factor initiating and accelerating the formation of deposits in diesel injection systems. Such deposits disturb proper operation of modern high-pressure injection systems, which has an adverse effect on the engine performance and operating parameters. The paper discusses the results of engine tests related to the influence of traces of zinc on the deterioration of the operating parameters of injection systems manifesting itself in decreased engine power.
Reproducibility and repeatability of hybrid propulsion systems operation indexes in test conditions
Authors: PIELECHA Ireneusz , CIEŚLIK Wojciech , SIWOŃ Michał
Published: March 2021

The analysis of driving tests repeatability is an important issue in terms of measuring the parameters determining operating conditions of the engine and the vehicle. Most of the typical tests apply to powertrains systems or entire vehicles. This paper undertakes the issue of practical evaluation of the tests repeatability on test stands equipped with a hybrid drive system. A high reproducibility of driving tests using only the accelerator pedal settings was obtained. Also a significant battery charge level influence on the repeatability of selected parameters of the hybrid drive system in driving tests was proved. Such dependence on the level of battery charge was demonstrated for the vehicle speed, combustion engine speed and the degree of the combustion engine utilization, affecting at the same time the operating conditions of the electric motor.
Selected problems of RD-33 engine reliability in operation
Authors: TRELKA Maciej , BARTOSZEWICZ Jarosław , URBANIAK Rafał
Published: March 2021

The paper presents an analysis of the most common damage incidents of the RD-33 turbine jet engine. Extended research on the assessment of powertrain reliability enabled a detailed identification of the causes of individual damage incidents along with possible threats. The presented statistical data related to the frequency of occurrence of individual damage incidents in recent years are particularly noteworthy. RD-33 is a newly designed engine, yet, in recent years it has gathered a very good opinion in the Polish Air Force, the effect of which are the efforts made by the military services and scientists aiming at the extending its proper and trouble free operation.
Testing emissions of passenger cars in laboratory and on-road (PEMS, RDE)
Authors: Czerwiński Jan , Comte Pierre , Zimmerli Yan , Reutimann Felix
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, the results and experiences of testing different PEMS on the chassis dynamometer and on-road are presented. In the first part of work the measuring systems were installed on the same vehicle (Seat Leon 1.4 TSI ST) and the results were compared on the chassis dynamometer in the standard test cycles: NEDC, WLTC and CADC. In the second part of work the nanoparticle emissions of three Diesel cars were measured with PN-PEMS. PN-PEMS showed an excellent correlations with CPC in the tests on chassis dynamometer and it indicated very well the efficiency of DPF in eliminating the nanoparticles in real world driving.
On line engine oil consumption monitoring via the gaseous total sulfur signal SO2 in the raw exhaust of the engine utilizing the sensitive ion molecule reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Leidlmair Christian , Weissnicht Arno , Federer Werner , Villinger Johannes
Published: March 2021

The dynamic monitoring of oil consumption in IC engines is approached with various techniques ranging from radioactive counting to detection of halogenated tracer compounds or polyaromatic hydrocarbon tracers, to monitoring unburned hydrocarbons as residues from engine oil.
This article discusses the method of gaseous SO2 measurement in raw exhaust its benefits and limitations of todays status. Modern engines consume about 2 to 5 g/h of engine oil under low and medium load but consumption may go up to 130 g/h in negative load conditions. Particulate filters must be desulfated every 5000 km even when sulfur free fuel is in use. For the oil measurement in the raw exhaust all possible Sulfur compounds are converted to SO2 in a hot oxidizing atmosphere. Additional pure oxygen in the form of ozone is added to the oxidizer for very low lambda engine conditions and the conversion of sulfur on particulates into SO2. A sensitive mass spectrometer operating in an ion molecule ionization mode measures gaseous SO2 from concentrations of 0.02 ppm to 50 ppm in measurement cycles from 2 Hz to 0.2 Hz depending on if long term measurement or dynamic operation is chosen. Technical description of pressure reduction, gas transfer, oxidation efficiencies and lower detection levels of the instrumentation are given as well as data on a complete engine map and data on reproducibility of the SO2 method are presented.
Ethanol as an automotive fuel – a review
Authors: Bielaczyc Piotr , Woodburn Joseph , Gandyk Mateusz , Szczotka Andrzej
Published: March 2021

Usage of ethanol as a fuel has been known for hundreds of years. However, recently usage of ethanol and its blends as a road transport fuel has increased and interest in its use is growing. There are a lot of pros and cons connected with using ethanol, which are described in this paper. This paper reviews current knowledge on using ethanol in spark ignition engines. The fuel is described in the context of future opportunities. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of ethanol and its blends’ impact on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions, including laboratory results obtained by BOSMAL from chassis dynamometer testing of European vehicles.
PEMS-based investigations into exhaust emissions from non-road and rail vehicles
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Lijewski Piotr , Pielecha Jacek
Published: March 2021

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, one of the major challenges of humanity was to reduce the negative effects of civilization development. Besides the engines used in road vehicles there is a large group of engines for non-road applications. This group includes motor propelled vehicles not used on the road NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery). Engines of these vehicles, among all of the non-road applications, are characterized by very specific working conditions that do not allow for them to be qualified for propulsion engines. The main problem with these vehicles is the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides emission. Rail vehicles operating conditions these requirements take by the similar way, as having a wide range of rolling stock markedly alters the environmental impact of these vehicles. Thus it becomes necessary to consider the issue of the method of evaluation of engine emissions in rail vehicles in terms of their actual operating conditions. Thus, efforts to assess the actual level of emissivity for rail vehicles and attempts to improve it are necessary and justified.
Selected remarks about RDE test
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Pielecha Jacek
Published: March 2021

New test procedures for determining exhaust emission from passenger vehicles will be introduced in 2017. For several years, the European Commission has been developing new procedures, which aim is to perform tests in road conditions. The purpose is to determine the real values of emissions, which are not always reflected by the level of emissions obtained in the laboratory. Proper and accurate procedures for determining emissions in real traffic conditions (RDE – Real Driving Emission) have not yet been approved (as opposed to Heavy Duty Vehicles for which such conditions already exist), but there are proposals that are currently being analyzed by major research centers in Europe. There are many differences between those proposals such as determining road emission or research methodology related to emission measurement of hydrocarbons. The work compares the results of emissions measured in road tests using the latest legislative proposals related to passenger cars. The results are shown in relation to the used measurement method: classic method of determining exhaust emission; uses all measurement data determining the mass of harmful compounds and distance travelled during the test; method of averaging the measuring windows (MAW – moving average windows), also in the literature called EMROAD method, which determines the measurement windows (on the basis of carbon dioxide emissions from the WLTC test) and on its basis determines the road emission in RDE test; generalized method of instantaneous power (Power Binning), known in the literature as CLEAR – Classification of Emissions from Automobiles in Real driving, determines road emissions on the basis of generalized instantaneous power during the RDE test.
Nitriding of car engine parts using ZeroFlow method
Authors: KOWALSKA Jagoda , MAŁDZIŃSKI Leszek
Published: March 2021

This article presents new method of controlled gas nitriding called ZeroFlow, which is used for nitriding of selected car engine parts. Parts such as crankshafts, camshafts, piston rings, poppet valve springs and discs, piston pins or nozzles for unit injectors was nitrided with ZeroFlow method so far. Through the use of simulation models it was possible to develop the specially dedicated process with specific parameters for each of this parts; it allows forming of nitrided layer with strictly expected properties: required phase structure with thicknesses of each zone occurs in it and required hardness distribution. Moreover, through the use of simulation models this layers were obtained in in the shortest possible time, which is connected with the lowest energy consumption; therefore, nitriding process using ZeroFlow method is both economical and environmentally friendly. This article will discuss the essence of controlled gas nitriding process, with an emphasis on the influence of process parameters on results of nitriding process. This information are the basis to understand the issue of the kinetics of nitrided layer growth, and as it follows – for its practical application in designing, regulation and control of nitriding processes using simulation models (simulator of the kinetics of nitrided layer growth). Designing of ZeroFlow nitriding processes on the basis of the kinetics of nitrided layer will be shown on the example of nitriding of crankshafts for sports car engines.
Geometry of shape of profiles of the sliding surface of ring seals in the aspect of friction losses and oil film parameters
Authors: WRÓBLEWSKI Piotr , ISKRA Antoni
Published: March 2021

The article describes the results of simulations of the approved variations of sliding surfaces of ring seals in relation
to a reference symmetrical barrel profile which is most often used in piston internal combustion engines. In particular
the paper discusses the impact of the five assumed variants of sliding profiles of ring seals onto the thickness of oil film
left on the cylinder face by a bottom and upper ring seal, the distribution of internal friction force in oil film between the
ring seal set and the cylinder face, finally the oil film cover on a sliding surface of the upper ring seal. The results presented in the article show a close relationship between the sliding surface profile of ring seals and a unit oil consumption. A relationship between these parameters for the elements lying in the movement plane of a wrist pin axis was proven, as well as for the one lying in the plane perpendicular to it. Exemplary parameters of oil film and friction losses were presented while assuming a constant total axial values of the height and depth of circumferential grooves. The shapes of these grooves on the sliding surface of the ring seals in free state can be made with electroerosion microprocessing or ablative laser microprocessing.
Measurement of exhaust gas emissions from miniature turbojet engine
Authors: GAWRON Bartosz , BIAŁECKI Tomasz
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a methodology developed to measure exhaust gas emissions during operation of a miniature turbojet engine, using a laboratory test rig. The rig has been built for research and development works aimed at modelling and investigating processes and phenomena occurring in jet engines. The miniature jet engines, similarly to full–scale ones used commonly in air transport, are characterized by variable exhaust gas emissions, depending on engine operating parameters. For this reason, an attempt has been made to determine the characteristic features of miniature engine operation modes and to define the variability of operation parameters and exhaust gas emissions as a function of time. According to the authors, the preliminary tests allowed for defining specific profile of engine test, which enables proper measurement regarding exhaust gas emissions using the miniature jet engine. The paper also presents test results for Jet A-1 fuel, according to the used methodology.
Unsteady conjugated heat transfer in cylinder of highly loaded opposed-piston engine
Authors: KALKE Jakub , SZCZECIŃSKI Mateusz , MAZURO Paweł
Published: March 2021

Paper presents a method of calculating the temperature distribution in cylinder for a 2-stroke, opposed-piston (OP) internal combustion engine (ICE). Development of such machines has been very limited after World War II due to technological and ecological problems [9], therefore progress in numerical modeling for analyzing highly boosted OP engines was also halted. Current technology permits returning to the OP arrangement, where due to better combustion chamber shape it is potentially possible to achieve higher thermodynamic efficiency than in arrangement with the cylinder head [9, 10]. Authors decided to use a general purpose CFD-program (in this case Ansys Fluent) coupled with additional tools to calculate conjugated heat transfer between the load in the cylinder and the cylinder itself to get a 3D temperature distribution in solid body.