bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute reversible monoparesis in multiple neurocysticercosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dhakal Bishal , Sapkota Sachin , Shrestha Sheetal , Acharya Suchita , Parajuli Aakriti , Baniya Aashish , Paudel Raju
Published: July 2022

Focal neurological deficit like monoparesis due to cortical lesions is a rare entity. In spite of the common presentations like seizures and headaches in neurocysticercosis, occurrence of reversible monoparesis is an atypical phenomenon. Even in the absence of infarct or hemorrhages, manifestation of neural deficit due to compressive effect only is an interesting finding. And on top of that, reversible nature of the deficit in space occupying lesion is a rare occurrence in the existing literature. Here, we describe a known case of neurocysticercosis with reversible acute monoparesis secondary to multiple neurocysticercosis. The variations with which neurocysticercosis can present broaden our understanding in its pathophysiology and management protocol.
Encapsulation Enhances the Catalytic Activity of C‐N Coupling: Reaction Mechanism of a Cu(I)/Calix[8]arene Supramolecular Catalyst
Authors: Talmazan Radu A. , Refugio Monroy J. , del Río‐Portilla Federico , Castillo Ivan , Podewitz Maren
Published: July 2022

Development of C−N coupling methodologies based on Earth‐abundant metals is a promising strategy in homogeneous catalysis for sustainable processes. However, such systems suffer from deactivation and low catalytic activity. We here report that encapsulation of Cu(I) within the phenanthroyl‐containing calix[8]arene derivative 1,5‐(2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroyl)‐2,3,4,6,7,8‐hexamethyl‐p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]arene (C8PhenMe6) significantly enhances C−N coupling activity up to 92 % yield in the reaction of aryl halides and aryl amines, with low catalyst loadings (2.5 % mol). A tailored multiscale computational protocol based on Molecular Dynamics simulations and DFT investigations revealed an oxidative addition/reductive elimination process of the supramolecular catalyst [Cu(C8PhenMe6)I]. The computational investigations uncovered the origins of the enhanced catalytic activity over its molecular analogues: Catalyst deactivation through dimerization is prevented, and product release facilitated. Capturing the dynamic profile of the macrocycle and the impact of non‐covalent interactions on reactivity allows for the rationalization of the behavior of the flexible supramolecular catalysts employed.
Bidentate Rh(I)‐Phosphine Complexes for the C−H Activation of Alkanes: Computational Modelling and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Huang Tianbai , Kupfer Stephan , Richter Martin , Gräfe Stefanie , Geitner Robert
Published: July 2022

The C−H activation and subsequent carbonylation mediated by metal complexes, i. e., Rh(I) complexes, has drawn considerable attention in the past. To extend the mechanistic insight from Rh complexes featuring monodentate ligands like P(Me)3 towards more active bisphosphines (PLP), a computationally derived fully conclusive mechanistic picture of the Rh(I)‐catalyzed C−H activation and carbonylation is presented here. Depending on the nature of the bisphosphine ligand, the highest lying transition state (TS) is associated either to the initial C−H activation in [Rh(PLP)(CO)(Cl)] or to the rearrangement of the chloride in [Rh(PLP)(H)(R)(Cl)]. The chloride rearrangement was found to play a key role in the subsequent carbonylation. A set of 20 complexes of different architectures was studied, in order to fine tune the C−H activation in a knowledge‐driven approach. The computational analysis suggests that a flexible ligand architecture with aromatic rings can potentially increase the performance of Rh‐based catalysts for the C−H activation.
Molecular Design of Silicon‐Containing Diazenes: Absorbance ofEandZIsomers in the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Doronina Evgeniya P. , Jouikov Viatcheslav , Sidorkin Valery F.
Published: July 2022

The effective use of photochromic systems based on azo compounds in a number of applications, especially biomedical and pharmacological ones, is impeded by the unresolved problem of theirE⇆Zisomerization in the near‐IR region, NIR (780–1400 nm). We have demonstrated at the TD‐DFT, STEOM‐DLPNO‐CCSD and CASSCF‐NEVPT2 levels of theory that the presence of a silylated diazene core −Si−N=N−Si− with three‐, tetra‐ or five‐coordinated silicon atoms practically guarantees the absorption of theEandZforms of such derivatives in NIR and the amazing (185–400 nm) separation of their first absorption bands. In particular, the maximumλ1of the first n→π* band of theEisomer of azosilabenzeneASiBis at ∼1030 nm, while for theZisomerλ1≅1340 nm. Based on the found bistable azo compounds (ASiB, bis(silyl)‐SiDand bis(silatranyl)‐SaDdiazenes) and their derivatives withEandZabsorption in NIR, unique photoswitches can be created for a number of applications, in particular, for photothermal therapy.
Enantiomeric separation of bupropion by liquid chromatography on derivatized cyclofructan chiral stationary phase
Authors: Kozlov Oleksandr , Záhoráková Daniela , Armstrong Daniel W. , Gondová Taťána
Published: July 2022

High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an ideal tool for enantiomeric separations of different drugs. In this study, the direct enantioseparation of bupropion, an atypical antidepressant structurally related to cathinone, was explored by using five chiral columns, including three based on derivatized cyclofructans, macrocyclic glycopeptide teicoplanin, and an immobilized amylose derivative under multimodal elution conditions. Baseline enantioseparation was obtained on the LarihcShell CF6‐RN column, with derivatized cyclofructan 6, in the polar organic mode. The effects of the mobile‐phase composition, type and content of major components, the nature and the amount of mobile‐phase additives, and the column temperature on the retention, selectivity, and resolution were investigated to optimize enantioseparation. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10–125 μg/ml for each enantiomer. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.1 and 0.3 μg/ml for both enantiomers of bupropion. The chiral recognition was controlled especially by H bonds, π–π, dipole–dipole interactions, and steric effects. Finally, the developed method was applied to the determination of bupropion in the commercially available drug.
Impact of cell spreading on second‐life of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Galatro Daniela , Romero David A. , Da Silva Carlos , Trescases Olivier , Amon Cristina H.
Published: July 2022

The evolution of the degradation paths of the cells in battery packs is shaped by both intrinsic cell‐to‐cell variations, also known as cell spreading, and spatial–temporal cell‐to‐cell differences in temperature and other stress factors. To account for these variations and differences in degradation, we propose a statistical approach for modelling the degradation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) that utilizes a three‐parameter non‐homogeneous gamma process, allowing for the prediction of the capacity fade or time‐to‐failure for any LIB architecture. This degradation modelling approach has been integrated into a cost model to investigate the sensitivity of the battery lifetime's economic outcome, aiming to maximize the added value of stationary battery storage composed of degraded electric vehicle batteries. Thus, the impact of cell spreading was quantified for three simulation scenarios on second‐life applications: (i) performing a simplified cost analysis to evaluate the business case for second‐life, (ii) performing an economic analysis to visualize the impact of spreading, and (iii) evaluating an existing power flow control strategy between LIB modules. The information derived from the spreading‐cost integration approach is valuable to support the technical and economic analyses in the decision‐making process of designing, installing, and running efficiently second‐life applications.
Kernels‐Different Au25Nanoclusters Enhanced Catalytic Performance via Modification of Ligand and Electronic Effects
Authors: Qu Mei , Xue Fang , Wei Jiang‐Yu , Qiao Miao‐Miao , Ren Wei‐Qi , Li Shi‐Li , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Ultrasmall atomically precise thiolate‐protected gold nanoclusters with surface open sites are crucial for practical applications in catalysis. However, there is a lack of systematic studies that unify the kernels‐isomerization, modification of peripheral ligands and electronic effects into one system, as well as their correlation to catalytic performances. In this work, three structurally related Au25nanoclusters with reported star Au25 kernels, Au25‐i‐FTP, Au25‐bi‐FTP, and Au25‐bi‐CHT have been synthesized through two different methods: one‐pot direct reduction and two‐step reduction by using AsPh3 as converter. Their structures and catalytic performance have been comparatively investigated. Au25‐i‐FTP has a classic Au13 core capped by six dimeric RS‐Au‐SR‐Au‐SRs, while Au25‐bi‐FTP and Au25‐bi‐CHT feature typical rod‐shaped biicosahedral geometric kernel. All of the three Au25 clusters were effective catalysts for oxidation of organosilanes, different from conclusions obtained in literature. Especially, the nanorod‐type Au25‐bi‐CHT clusters protected by flexible thiol ligands showed very good catalytic performance in this reaction, the conversion and selectivity were close to 100% within 5 min. The ligand rigidity and electron effects work together to modulate the catalytic properties. The findings inspire us to rethink kernel and ligand effects on catalytic property, and the principle demonstrated here will possibly be widely‐used in high active atom‐precise catalysts modification.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Methionine‐Facilitated β and γ C(sp3)–H Arylation of N‐Terminal Aliphatic Amino Acids of Peptides
Authors: Chen Xiangxiang , Li Bo , Tong Huarong , Qi Liping , He Gang , Chen Gong
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A new method for post‐assembly modification of peptides via the Pd‐catalyzed endogenous group‐directed sp3 C—H arylation with aryl iodides is developed. The sulfide side chain of methionine (Met) residue can facilitate the arylation of both β and γ methyl C—H bonds of N‐terminal aliphatic amino acids of peptides via formation of 5 or 6‐membered palladacycle intermediates. The reactions can proceed in moderate to good yield and with excellent diastereoselectivity.
Crystalline Germanium‐Dipyrromethene Radicals: from a Delocalized Neutral to a Localized Cation
Authors: Dai Yuyang , Bao Manling , Wang Wenjuan , Xie Zhuofeng , Liu Chunmeng , Su Yuanting
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Both dipyrromethene complexes and radicals of heavier main group elements have been of high interest. However, cationic germanium radicals and dipyrromethene‐based radicals of heavier main group elements are still escaped to be isolated. Herein, we report the isolation and full characterization of a neutral Ge(I)‐masked dipyrromethene‐based radical 3 and the first cationic Ge(III)‐centered radical 5·+ as stable crystalline solids. 3 behaves as a germanium(I) radical in its reaction with diphenyl disulfide to form the Ge—S bond, although X‐ray crystallographic, EPR spectroscopic, computational studies revealed that the unpaired electron of 3 is mainly delocalized over the C9N2Ge backbone and the allylic radical character is also significant in 3. In contrast to 3, the spin density of 5·+ is mainly localized at the Ge center with minor contribution from the dipyrromethene ligand. Moreover, reduction of 5·+ with potassium graphite quantitatively regenerates 5, illustrating a reversible one‐electron redox pair.
Initiating ivabradine during hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure: A real‐world experience in China
Authors: Liu Ying‐Xian , Chen Wei , Lin Xue , Zhu Yan‐Lin , Lai Jing‐Zhi , Li Jin‐Yi , Guo Xiao‐Xiao , Yang Jing , Qian Hao , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Wu Wei , Fang Li‐Gang
Published: July 2022

Background

Initiating ivabradine in acute heart failure (HF) is still controversial.

Hypothesis

Ivabradine might be effective to be added in acute but hemodynamically stable HF.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of hemodynamically stable acute HF patients was enrolled from January 2018 to January 2020 and followed until July 2020. The primary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and rehospitalization for HF. Secondary endpoints included heart rate (HR), cardiac function measured by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and adverse events, which were compared between patients with or without ivabradine.

Results

A total of 126 patients were enrolled (50 males, median age 54 years, 81% with decompensated HF, median follow‐up of 9 months). In patients treated with ivabradine, although baseline HRs were higher than the reference group (96 vs. 80 bpm), they were comparable after 3 months; more patients tolerated high doses of β‐blockers (27% vs. 7.9%), improved to NYHA class I function (55.6% vs. 23.8%) and exhibited normal LVEFs (37.8% vs. 14.3%) than the reference group (all p < .05). Ivabradine was associated with a significant reduction of rehospitalization for HF than the reference group (25.4% vs.61.9%), with longer event‐free survival times (hazard ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.79), and was related with primary endpoints negatively (hazard ratio 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.91) (all p < .05).

Conclusion

In patients with acute but hemodynamically stable HF, ivabradine may significantly reduce HR, improve cardiac function, and reduce HF rehospitalization.
CO2‐Assisted Fabrication of 2D Amorphous CeO2 and Its Application in Photoluminescence Enhancement
Authors: Guo Ziye , Yang Huanhuan , Tian Qingyong , Ma Wenjie , Xu Qun , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) non‐van der Waals (non‐vdW) amorphous nanomaterials have attracted much attention for optical, catalytic and biomedical applications owing to their rich dangling bonds and unsaturated coordination. CeO2, a typical non‐vdW material, with amorphous 2D structure and intrinsic optical properties have rarely been prepared via a top‐down method due to the lack of anisotropy in its 3D bonding network. Herein, we develop an environmentally‐friendly top‐down method to achieve ultrathin 2D amorphous CeO2−x with controllable defects from bulk CeO2 by utilizing supercritical CO2. The unique CeO2−x nanosheets exhibit outstanding ultraviolet‐visible adsorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties due to the disordered atomic structure and increased vacancy defects resulting from the cleavage of Ce−O covalent bonds and amorphization of CeO2. In addition, the defect‐related emission mechanism of the visible PL for the as‐prepared 2D CeO2−x nanosheets has been proposed.
Safe performance of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with HIV infection
Authors: Coghill Anna , Sanchez Julian , Sinha Sweta , Permuth Jennifer B. , Laskowitz Danielle , Powers Benjamin D. , Dineen Sean P.
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with HIV (PHIV) are living longer with the adoption of anti‐retroviral therapy. As such, more patients are presenting with advanced cancer diagnoses, including peritoneal surface malignancies. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of CRS/HIPEC in this cohort of patients.

Case

Five PHIV were identified, four of whom underwent CRS/HIPEC. Primary sites of disease were low‐grade appendiceal mucinous tumors in three patients and peritoneal mesothelioma in the other. Operative time ranged from 7 to 14 h. One patient developed a Clavien grade II complication postoperatively. There was no instance of neutropenia identified. One patient died of disease 19 months after surgery; the remaining three patients are alive 11, 21, and 33 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that CRS/HIPEC can be performed in PHIV without prohibitive complications and operative recovery approximates that of non‐HIV patients. Though more study is needed, HIV should not preclude a patient from being offered CRS/HIPEC.
Continuity Equation and Characteristic Flow for Scalar Hencky Plasticity
Authors: Babadjian J.‐F. , Francfort G. A.
Published: July 2022

We investigate uniqueness issues for a continuity equation arising out of the simplest model for plasticity, Hencky plasticity. The associated system is of the form where 𝜇 is a nonnegative measure and 𝜎 a two‐dimensional divergence‐free unit vector field. After establishing the Sobolev regularity of that field, we provide a precise description of all possible geometries of the characteristic flow, as well as of the associated solutions. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Construction of CoMo2S4 Nanorods/Nanosheets Electrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties for Asymmetric Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yuyu , Guo Chunli , Li Gang , Xu Lichun , Guo Meiqing
Published: July 2022

The construction of hierarchical nanostructures and the synergistic effect of bimetal compounds provide effective strategies to address the low energy density of supercapacitors. Herein, CoMo2S4 (CMS) nanosheets anchored on homogeneous nanorods vertically distributed on nickel foam (NF) were fabricated using a two‐step hydrothermal method. The hierarchical homostructure CMS materials heavily depend on the vulcanization parameter of the second step synthesis. As an electrode of supercapacitors, CoMo2S4 exhibits a large specific capacity of 1992.85 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2, and specific capacity retention of 106 % through 8000 cycles when sulfurization condition was at 120 °C for 6 h (CMS/NF‐120). Such excellent performances benefit from hierarchical homostructure, which can provide a large reaction surface area, fast ion/electron diffusion channels and rich active sites. Furthermore, the asymmetric pseudocapacitors device constructed with CMS/NF‐120 and active carbon exhibits a maximum energy density of 39.8 Wh kg−1, and good long‐term stability (80.1 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).
Reimagining the Framework Supporting the Static Analysis of Transporter Drug Interaction Risk; Integrated Use of Biomarkers to Generate Pan‐Transporter Inhibition Signatures
Authors: Rodrigues A.D.
Published: July 2022

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters present as the loci of important drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Therefore, sponsors generate in vitro half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) data and apply regulatory agency‐guided “static” methods to assess DDI risk and the need for a formal clinical DDI study. Because such methods are conservative and high false‐positive rates are likely (e.g., DDI study triggered when liver SLC R value ≥ 1.04 and renal SLC maximal unbound plasma (Cmax,u)/IC50 ratio ≥ 0.02), investigators have attempted to deploy plasma‐ and urine‐based SLC biomarkers in phase I studies to de‐risk DDI and obviate the need for drug probe‐based studies. In this regard, it was possible to generate in‐house in vitro SLC IC50 data for various clinically (biomarker)‐qualified perpetrator drugs, under standard assay conditions, and then estimate “% inhibition” for each SLC and relate it empirically to published clinical biomarker data (area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (AUC) ratio (AUCR, AUCinhibitor/AUCreference) and % decrease in renal clearance (ΔCLrenal)). After such a “calibration” exercise, it was determined that only compounds with high R values (> 1.5) and Cmax,u/IC50 ratios (> 0.5) are likely to significantly modulate liver (AUCR > 1.25) and renal (ΔCLrenal > 25%) biomarkers and evoke DDI risk. The % inhibition approach supports integration of liver and renal SLC data and allows one to generate pan‐SLC inhibition signatures for different test perpetrators (e.g., SLC % inhibition ranking). In turn, such signatures can guide the selection of the most appropriate individual (or combinations of) biomarkers for testing in phase I studies.
Relationship between occlusal force and endothelial function in community‐dwelling elderly women: A pilot study
Authors: Kato Kanna , Matsuda Naoko , Takahata Miki , Koseki Chika , Yamaki Michiyasu , Sato Toshiaki
Published: July 2022

Objective

In this study, age, endothelial function as flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), occlusal force, grip strength, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were obtained. AGEs were measured as indicators of aging, while grip strength was measured as an indicator of muscle strength. This study aimed to explain the relationship between occlusal force and endothelial function and determine whether occlusal force can be a new indicator in community preventative care projects.

Materials and Methods

In 38 community‐dwelling women (age, 76.7 ± 5.7 years), the occlusal force and grip strength were measured, the endothelial function was evaluated by FMD, and AGEs were obtained. The relationship between occlusal force, measurement items, and factors were investigated independently related to endothelial function.

Results

There were significant correlations between occlusal force and grip strength (r = .54, p < .01). The degree of FMD was significantly associated with occlusal force (r = .60, p < .01) and grip strength (r = .35, p < .05) or increase in AGEs (r = −.37, p < .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that occlusal force was significantly associated with the degree of FMD (p < .01).

Conclusion

Occlusal force can be an important indicator of endothelial function in the community‐dwelling elderly. This study may help understand the general health of the elderly in communities.
Effect of Nitrogen Atom Introduction on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Covalent Triazine Frameworks: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhao Fei , Shang Qianqian , Zhao Jinsheng , Zhong Xiujuan , Zhang Junhong
Published: July 2022

The construction of high‐performance photocatalyst has always been explored. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially keto‐amine‐linked COFs, have many advantages, such as adjustable bandgaps, π–π stacking structure, excellent response ability to visible light, high specific surface area, high mobility of carrier carriers, good physical and chemical stability, and so on, showing strong potential applications in photocatalytic solar energy conversion and hydrogen production. Two analogous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), T3H‐CTF and T3N‐CTF, have been synthesized via Schiff‐base condensation reactions between 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbalehyde (MOP) and the corresponding triazine‐based aromatic amines under solvothermal condition. For T3N‐CTF, the peripheral aromatic linker to the central triazine unit was the pyridine unit, instead of the benzene unit in the T3H‐CTF unit. T3N‐CTF had a hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 6485.05 μmol g−1 h−1, much higher than that of T3H‐CTF (2028.06 μmol g−1 h−1). Accordingly, T3N‐CTF had a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 12.2 % than that of T3H‐CTF (4.12 %) at 405 nm. The experimental and theoretical results showed that the extended light absorption range, enlarged surface area, and enhanced separation and transportation efficiencies of charge carriers of T3N‐CTF compared with T3H‐CTF were uniformly induced by the introduction of peripheral nitrogen atoms into the skeleton of former CTF, which eventually boosted the visible‐light induced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The work suggests a new method for enhancing the intrinsic HER activity by modulating the electronic features of the conjugated COFs by the introduction of pyridinic N atoms.
Comparison of chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assays with suspension tumor cells using plate‐based image cytometry method
Authors: Sun Yu‐Jun , Chen Yi‐Chun , Hua Wei‐Kai , Wu Sareina Chiung‐Yuan , Chan Leo Li‐Ying
Published: July 2022

In the recent decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has revolutionized strategies for cancer treatments due to its highly effective clinical efficacy and response for B cell malignancies. The success of CAR‐T cell therapy has stimulated the increase in the research and development of various CAR constructs to target different tumor types. Therefore, a robust and efficient in vitro potency assay is needed to quickly identify potential CAR gene design from a library of construct candidates. Image cytometry methodologies have been utilized for various CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assay using different fluorescent labeling methods, mainly due to their ease‐of‐use, ability to capture cell images for verification, and higher throughput performance. In this work, we employed the Celigo Image Cytometer to evaluate and compare two CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity assays using GFP‐expressing or fluorescent dye‐labeled myeloma and plasmacytoma cells. The GFP‐based method demonstrated higher sensitivity in detecting CAR‐T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity when compared to the CMFDA/DAPI viability method. We have established the criteria and considerations for the selection of cytotoxicity assays that are fit‐for‐purpose to ensure the results produced are meaningful for the specific testing conditions.
The value of concurrent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates and needle core biopsies in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA) is highly sensitive and specific in the detection and diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms. EUS‐guided needle core biopsy has been used alone or as an adjunct to maximize diagnostic yield. This study compared the use of FNA versus needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms.

Methods

From January 1, 2018 through December 21, 2020, the Cytopathology Laboratory processed 374 FNAs from solid pancreatic masses of which 332 (89%) had concurrent pancreatic biopsies and form the basis of this study.

Results

Of the 332 FNAs, 173 (52%) were positive/suspicious for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 33 (10%) were positive for a neoplasm, 20 (6%) were atypical 19 (6%) were negative and 87 (26%) were non‐diagnostic. Biopsies were concordant in 248 (75%) cases and discordant in 84 (25%) cases. Of the 84 discordant cases, 29 (35%) had neoplastic cells on FNA of which 14 were atypical, 11 were negative and 4 were nondiagnostic on core biopsy. Of the 18 (21%) FNAs with atypical cells, 8 showed adenocarcinoma on core biopsy. Thirty‐seven nondiagnostic FNAs showed adenocarcinoma on 25 (70%) core biopsies. If nondiagnostic FNAs were included, FNA sensitivity was 89% and specificity; 100%, and both were 100%, if the nondiagnostic cases were excluded. The needle core biopsy sensitivity was 91% and specificity; 100%.

Conclusion

Both FNAs and core biopsies show high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pancreatic neoplasms. However, combining the techniques enhances cellular yields and provides material for ancillary tests.
Latitudinal resource gradient shapes multivariate defense strategies in a long‐lived shrub
Authors: Croy Jordan R. , Pratt Jessica D. , Mooney Kailen A.
Published: July 2022

Plant defense against herbivores is multidimensional, and investment into different defense traits is intertwined due to genetic, physiological, and ecological costs. This relationship is expected to generate a trade‐off between direct defense and tolerance that is underlain by resource availability, with increasing resources being associated with increased investment in tolerance and decreased investment in direct resistance. We tested these predictions across populations of the shrub Artemisia californica by growing plants sourced from a latitudinal aridity gradient within common gardens located at the southern (xeric) and northern (mesic) portions of its distribution. We measured plant growth rate, resistance via a damage survey, and tolerance to herbivory by experimentally simulating vertebrate herbivory. Plants from more northern (vs. southern) environments were less resistant (received higher percent damage by vertebrate herbivores) and tended to be more tolerant (marginally significant) with respect to change in biomass measured 12 months after simulated vertebrate herbivory. Also, putative growth and defense traits paralleled patterns of resistance and tolerance, such that leaves from northern populations contained lower concentrations of terpenes and increased N, specific leaf area, and % water. Last, plant growth rate did not demonstrate clear clinal patterns, as northern populations (vs. southern populations) grew more slowly in the southern (xeric) garden, but there was no clinal relationship detected in the northern (mesic) garden. Overall, our findings support the prediction of lower resistance and higher tolerance in plant populations adapted to more resource‐rich, mesic environments, but this trade‐off was not associated with concomitant trade‐offs in growth rate. These findings ultimately suggest that plant adaptation to resource availability and herbivory can shape intraspecific variation in multivariate plant defenses.
Transforming land use governance: Global targets without equity miss the mark
Authors: McDermott Constance L. , Montana Jasper , Bennett Aoife , Gueiros Carolina , Hamilton Rachel , Hirons Mark , Maguire‐Rajpaul Victoria A. , Parry Emilie , Picot Laura
Published: July 2022

A confluence of concerns about tropical forest loss, global warming, and social inequality drive calls to transform land use governance. Yet there is widespread debate about what must be transformed, by whom, and how. The increasing equation of transformation with ambitious, quantitative global targets, such as “net zero emissions” or “zero deforestation” has gained widespread appeal as a means to inspire action and hold powerful actors to account. However presenting targets themselves as the end goals of transformation, obscures both the means of achieving them and the social and environmental values that legitimate them. The escalation of targets for land use, in particular, is disconnected from targeted geographies, lacks accountability to socially diverse knowledge and priorities, and is readily appropriated by powerful actors at multiple scales. This paper argues instead, for an equity‐based approach to transformation that reveals how unequal power distorts both the ends and the means of global governance. We illustrate this argument with five case‐study “vignettes” in Indonesia, Ghana, Peru, and Brazil that reveal how de‐contextualized, target‐based thinking has reinforced state and corporate control over resources at the expense of local access, while largely failing to deliver the promised environmental outcomes. We conclude that equity‐focused, case study research is critical not only to unpack the local consequences of pursuing global targets, but also to make visible alternative efforts to achieve deeper socio‐environmental transformations.
Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective γ‐Boryl Substitution of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Silyl‐Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Oyama Natsuki , Akiyama Sota , Kubota Koji , Imamoto Tsuneo , Ito Hajime
Published: July 2022

Asymmetric γ‐boryl substitution of trifluoromethyl‐ and silyl‐substituted alkenes has been investigated. A variety of substrates were reacted with bis(pinacolato)diboron in the presence of a copper(I) salt and optically active C1 symmetric QuinoxP*‐type bisphosphine ligand as the catalyst. The optically active silyl‐substituted gem‐difluoroallylboronates products bearing a stereogenic C−B bond, which have never been synthesized before, were obtained in good yield with high enantioselectivity (up to 83 % and up to 86 % ee, respectively). The resulting allylboron compounds undergo a stereoselective allylboration with a range of aldehydes to afford chiral silyl‐ and difluoromethylene‐containing homoallylic alcohols without significant loss in their enantiomeric purity. The resulting silyl groups in the derivatives can serve as cross‐coupling sites, allowing further transformation into structurally complex fluorinated chiral molecules.
Polymer‐Bound Halogen Bonding Organocatalysis**
Authors: Papagna Raffaella , Kutzinski Dana , Huber Stefan M.
Published: July 2022

Noncovalent organocatalysts utilizing halogen bonding have emerged in the last decade as efficient alternatives to more established hydrogen bonding donors. However, currently they often cannot be recycled and, in some cases, even stoichiometric amounts need to be used. Herein, we present the first generation of recyclable, polymer‐bound halogen bonding catalysts which are able to catalyze a halide‐abstraction reaction. To this end, bis(benzimidazolium)‐based halogen bonding units were attached to a polystyrene polymer, yielding insoluble catalysts. These could be recycled up to three times with little loss in catalytic activity. The overall performance of the catalysts is comparable to that of a free (non‐polymer‐bound) halogen bond donor. Interestingly, catalysts featuring a preorganized and a non‐preorganized halogen bond donating unit showed comparable activity, in contrast to the situation of the free donors. This proof‐of‐principle study provides the basis for further steps towards more sustainable halogen bonding organocatalysts.
Novel Electrochemical Biosensing for Detection of Neglected Tropical Parasites of Animal Origin: Recent Advances
Authors: Gattani Anil , Mandal Sanju , Khan M Hira , Jain Anand , Ceaser Deepika , Mishra Aditya , Tiwari S P.
Published: July 2022

Parasitic diseases are among neglected disease of human and animals, especially in tropical and sub tropical regions. In the era of artificial intelligence, the novel biosensing diagnostic platform is needed for an early control measure implementation. This goal can be successfully achieved by onsite application of electrochemical biosensors. They are being developed towards point of care diagnostics; however commercial availability is scanty. The recent developments during last one decade in terms of the electrode surface modification for rapid diagnosis of important emerging/re‐emerging parasites is presented. The information would help future improvement in the electrochemical biosensing of parasites.
Epilepsy and inborn errors of metabolism in adults: The diagnostic odyssey of a young woman with medium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Pondrelli Federica , Licchetta Laura , Minardi Raffaella , Giangregorio Tania , Mostacci Barbara , Muccioli Lorenzo , Di Vito Lidia , Fetta Anna , Barba Carmen , Castioni Carlo Alberto , Bordugo Andrea , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca
Published: July 2022

We describe a case of epileptic encephalopathy in a young woman with undiagnosed medium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), who presented with an early‐onset focal motor status epilepticus (SE) then followed by permanent left hemiplegia and drug‐resistant epilepsy with neurodevelopmental delay. Throughout her clinical history, recurrent episodes of lethargy, feeding difficulties, and clustering seizures occurred, progressing into a super refractory SE and death at the age of 25 years. Although epilepsy is not a distinctive feature of MCADD, we advise considering this metabolic disease as a possible etiology of epileptic encephalopathy and hemiconvulsion‐hemiplegia‐epilepsy syndrome of unknown origin, on the chance to provide a timely and targeted treatment preventing development delay and evolution to SE. Adult patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology not screened at birth for inborn errors of metabolism, such as MCADD, should be promptly investigated for these treatable conditions.
Asymmetric epileptic spasms after corpus callosotomy in children with West syndrome may be a good indicator for unilateral epileptic focus and subsequent resective surgery
Authors: Uchida Daiki , Ono Tomonori , Honda Ryoko , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Toda Keisuke , Baba Shiro , Matsuo Takayuki , Baba Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Objective

This retrospective study was designed to observe differences in ictal movements of epileptic spasm (ES) before and after corpus callosotomy (CC). We hypothesized that asymmetric expression of ES is more clarified after CC and would be a good indicator for the epileptic hemisphere.

Methods

We selected 16 patients with intractable ES in West syndrome who were seizure‐free after CC and subsequent resection or disconnective surgery of the unilateral hemisphere. We retrospectively reviewed their behavioral ES recorded at video‐electroencephalography monitoring before and after CC. Asymmetric neck flexion (NF) and involuntary muscular contraction of the upper and lower extremities (MCU and MCL, respectively) were primarily described correlating their laterality and the responsible hemisphere proved by surgical resection.

Results

Asymmetric NF, MCU, and MCL could be found both before and after CC. However, the percentage of those movements to the total number of ES increased after CC; asymmetric NF, 82.9% vs. 20.1%; unilaterally predominant MCU, 81% vs. 39.3%; and unilaterally predominant MCL, 77.6% vs. 29.9%. Regarding asymmetric NF, the direction in which the neck flexed or the head turned was significantly ipsilateral to the responsible hemisphere in 9 of 12 patients after CC (75%). The predominant side of MCU and MCL were significantly contralateral to the responsible hemisphere in 11 of 11 and 7 of 9 patients (100% and 77.8%, respectively).

Significance

Asymmetric NF, MCU, and MCL were clarified in patients with ES who were successfully treated with CC and subsequent surgery. Those changes in ictal behaviors after CC may indicate the lateralization of epileptic activity and encourage more curative surgical treatment.
Quantifying geomorphological evolution from 10Be denudation rates: Insights from high‐resolution depth profiles, topsoils, and stream sediments (Strengbach CZO, France)
Authors: Ackerer Julien , Van der Woerd Jérôme , Meriaux Anne Sophie , Ranchoux Coralie , Schäfer Gerhard , Delay Frederick , Chabaux François
Published: July 2022

A rare dataset of in‐situ 10Be from high‐resolution depth profiles, soils, rock outcrops, and stream sediments is combined with geochemical analysis and modelling of regolith evolution to understand the variability of denudation rates in a mountain watershed (Strengbach critical zone observatory). High‐resolution depth profiles are key to detect the presence of mobile regolith and to highlight how it affects the critical zone evolution. The modelling of regolith evolution and 10Be concentrations along depth profiles allow us to estimate both the cosmic ray exposure age (19 kyr) and the mean denudation rate (22 mm kyr−1) of the regolith without any steady‐state assumption on 10Be concentrations. Comparison with maximum denudation rates inferred from topsoil samples collected from the surface of the depth profiles and calculated using the temporal steady‐state assumption of 10Be concentrations highlights an overestimation of denudation by a factor of two. Maximum spatially averaged denudation rates determined from stream sediment samples also likely overestimate denudation rates by a factor of two. These biases are significant for investigating the geomorphological evolution and we propose a method to correct denudation rates using the inherited 10Be concentrations and the cosmic ray exposure age deduced from the high‐resolution depth profiles. A key result is also that a steady state of 10Be concentrations and a steady state of regolith thickness are two different equilibrium states that do not necessarily coincide. The comparison between locally corrected and spatially averaged denudation rates indicates that the watershed geomorphology is not in a topographic steady state but is modulated by regressive fluvial erosion. Nonetheless, our study demonstrates that even in a watershed where the steady‐state assumption of 10Be concentrations is not verified, the spatial variations of in‐situ 10Be concentrations in sediments still carry qualitatively relevant information on the geomorphological evolution of landscapes.
Electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric proximity
Authors: Su Lei , Yang Fan , Shen Yu , Yang Zhichun
Published: July 2022

At present, there are some problems in the research of electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings, such as the evaluation index is relatively single and the fuzziness of evaluation state boundary is not considered. This study proposed an electrical fire risk assessment method of high‐rise buildings based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric proximity. Based on the occurrence mechanism of electrical fire in high‐rise buildings, a four‐level evaluation index system considering disaster causing body, fire site environment, affected body and fire driving factors is established based on FP growth (Frequent Pattern Tree Growth) mining association rules, and the risk grade is divided further. An improved index weight assignment method for balancing the interaction relationship between indexes is proposed, and a hybrid decision‐making model for electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings is established. Combined with specific examples, the effectiveness of the proposed building electrical fire risk assessment method is verified. The weight standard deviation of the proposed method is 0.0464, which is about 13.8% smaller than that of analytic hierarchy process (0.0528). So the method can better balance each risk evaluation index, fully consider the fuzziness and randomness in the electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings, and improve the accuracy and applicability of electrical fire risk assessment.
Effect of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard
Authors: Zhang Jiaqing , Guo Yi , Yang Tianqi , Chen Qingtao , Luo Chao
Published: July 2022

Transformer insulating paperboard is an insulating material commonly used in the oil‐filled equipment in substations, which is usually immersed in the transformer oil. In this study, the effects of immersion time on the combustion characteristics of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard are studied using the thermogravimetric, UL94 vertical flammability, and cone calorimeter experiments. The experimental results show that the total oil content increases with increasing immersion time and reaches the saturation state in 240 h, with a saturation content of 14.7% ± 0.5%. However, the distribution of oil content inside the paperboard is uneven. At the saturation state, the surface oil content is 35.5%, being about 3 times of the core oil content. The results of UL94 vertical flammability experiments show that the flame spread rate increases with increasing immersion time and is controlled by the total oil content. In the cone calorimeter experiments, the time to ignition is significantly reduced compared to the clean paperboard. Unlike the flame spread rate, the ignition time is controlled by the surface oil content and barely varies with immersion time. The critical heat flux of oil‐impregnated transformer insulating paperboard is found as 3.9 kW/m2, being only 1/3 of clean paperboard. With increasing immersion time, the peak heat release rate increases, while the total heat release, fire growth index, and effective heat of combustion present linear correlations with the total oil content. The CO yield increases with increasing immersion time, and the released CO mainly comes from the combustion of transformer oil.
SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection across a spectrum of immunological states
Authors: McKittrick Justine M. , Burke Thomas W. , Petzold Elizabeth , Sempowski Gregory D. , Denny Thomas N. , Polage Christopher R. , Tsalik Ephraim L. , McClain Micah T.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Several cases of symptomatic reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) after full recovery from a prior episode have been reported. As reinfection has become an increasingly common phenomenon, an improved understanding of the risk factors for reinfection and the character and duration of the serological responses to infection and vaccination is critical for managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Methods

We described four cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in individuals representing a spectrum of healthy and immunocompromised states, including (1) a healthy 41‐year‐old pediatrician, (2) an immunocompromised 31‐year‐old with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, (3) a healthy 26‐year‐old pregnant woman, and (4) a 50‐year‐old with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. We performed confirmatory quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and qualitative immunoglobulin M and quantitative IgG testing on all available patient samples to confirm the presence of infection and serological response to infection.

Results

Our analysis showed that patients 1 and 2, a healthy and an immunocompromised patient, both failed to mount a robust serologic response to the initial infection. In contrast, patients 3 and 4, with minimal comorbid disease, both mounted a strong serological response to their initial infection, but were still susceptible to reinfection.

Conclusion

Repeat episodes of COVID‐19 are capable of occurring in patients regardless of the presence of known risk factors for infection or level of serological response to infection, although this did not trigger critical illness in any instance.
National surveillance of cancer survival in Iran (IRANCANSURV): Analysis of data of 15 cancer sites from nine population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Nemati Saeed , Saeedi Elnaz , Lotfi Fereshte , Nahvijou Azin , Mohebbi Elham , Ravankhah Zahra , Rezaeianzadeh Abbas , Yaghoobi‐Ashrafi Majid , Pirnejad Habbiballah , Golpazir Arash , Dolatkhah Roya , Alvand Saba , Ahmadi‐Tabatabaei Seyed Vahid , Cheraghi Maria , Weiderpass Elisabete , Bray Freddie , Coleman Michel P. , Etemadi Arash , Khosravi Ardeshir , Najafi Farid , Mohagheghi Mohammad Ali , Roshandel Gholamreza , Malekzadeh Reza , Zendehdel Kazem
Published: July 2022

Cancer survival is a key indicator for the national cancer control programs. However, survival data in the East Mediterranean region (EMR) are limited. We designed a national cancer survival study based on population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) from nine provinces in Iran. The current study reports 5‐year net survival of 15 cancers in Iranian adults (15‐99 years) during 2014 to 2015 in nine provinces of Iran. We used data linkages between the cancer registries and the causes of death registry and vital statistics and active follow‐up approaches to ascertain the vital status of the patients. Five‐year net survival was estimated through the relative survival analysis. We applied the international cancer survival standard weights for age standardization. Five‐year survival was highest for prostate cancer (74.9%, 95% CI 73.0, 76.8), followed by breast (74.4%, 95% CI 72.50, 76.3), bladder (70.4%, 95% CI 69.0, 71.8) and cervix (65.2%, 95% CI 60.5, 69.6). Survival was below 25% for cancers of the pancreas, lung, liver, stomach and esophagus. Iranian cancer patients experience a relatively poor prognosis as compared to those in high‐income countries. Implementation of early detection programs and improving the quality of care are required to improve the cancer survival among Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of cancer patients in Iran and other EMR countries.