bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Passerini Tetrazole Reaction (PT‐3CR).
Authors: Chandgude Ajay L. , Doemling Alexander
Published: October 2016

The ultrasound‐mediated catalyst‐free Passerini‐type reaction of carbonyl compounds (I) and (IV) with isocyanides (II) and trimethylsilyl azide gives rise to tetrazoles (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Cyclization of Oximes with Alkenes for Regioselective Synthesis of Isoquinolines.
Authors: Chen Renjie , Qi Jifeng , Mao Zhenjun , Cui Sunliang
Published: October 2016

A regioselective cyclization of oximes with alkenes affords isoquinolines under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Three‐Component Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione Derivatives Using Basic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Wang Wang , Li Cong‐Hao , Yi Yu , Li Xiao‐Jun , Guo Hong‐Yun
Published: October 2016

The title compounds are prepared by three‐component cyclocondensation of phtalhydrazide, benzaldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate under environmentally friendly conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed and Copper Assisted Regioselective Sequential C2 and C7 Arylation of Thiazolo[5,4‐f]quinazolin‐9(8H)‐one with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Harari Marine , Couly Florence , Fruit Corinne , Besson Thierry
Published: October 2016

The synthetically useful title transformation is performed in a convenient one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of 2‐Ethynylphenyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Complex: Mechanism of Catalytic Cyclization and Stoichiometric Cycloisomerization.
Authors: Chen Chi‐Ren , Lai Ying‐Xuan , Wu Rong‐Yu , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lin Ying‐Chih
Published: October 2016

Four vinyl ethers are investigated as cyclization precursors in the presence of a Ru‐catalyst using 1:1 alcohol/dichloromethane mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—P(III) Bond Formation Reaction with Acylphosphines as Phosphorus Source.
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Chen Xingyu , Wang Zhiqian
Published: October 2016

A Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aryl halides and triflates with acylphosphines is developed to provide a convenient synthesis of triorganylphosphines having at least two different substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyrtinadines C and D, New Azepinoindole‐Type Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge Hyrtios sp.
Authors: Kubota Takaaki , Nakamura Kenta , Sakai Kanae , Fromont Jane , Gonoi Tohru , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: October 2016

The antimicrobial activity of (Ia,b) is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Neolignans from the Fruits of Magnolia obovata Inhibit NO Production and Have Neuroprotective Effects.
Authors: Seo Kyeong‐Hwa , Lee Dae‐Young , Jung Jae‐Woo , Lee Dong‐Sung , Kim Youn‐Chul , Lee Youn‐Hyung , Baek Nam‐In
Published: October 2016

The title compounds, obovatalignan A (I) and B (II), exhibit protective effects against glutamate‐induced oxidative stress, as well as inhibitory effects on the NO production.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Mn4+ Activators in Solids for Warm White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Daqin , Zhou Yang , Zhong Jiasong
Published: October 2016

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Biological Water Oxidation
Authors: Perez‐Navarro Montserrat , Neese Frank , Lubitz Wolfgang , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Cox Nicholas
Published: October 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances on Supramolecular Assembly of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Fu Teng‐Fei , Ao Lei , Gao Zong‐Chun , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Wang Feng
Published: October 2016

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing the Power of the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ambrosi Andrea , Denmark Scott E.
Published: October 2016

Review: [including hydrogenation‐type reactions, as well as catalytic, overall‐reductive processes wherein the CO/H2O couple can act as the terminal reductant; 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Alkoxy‐Activated Cyclobutane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Vemula Naresh , Pagenkopf Brian L.
Published: October 2016

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click‐Chemistry Approaches to π‐Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics Applications
Authors: Marrocchi Assunta , Facchetti Antonio , Lanari Daniela , Santoro Stefano , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: October 2016

Review: [46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to Catalytic Alkene Anti‐Markovnikov Hydrofunctionalization Reactions via Acridinium Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Margrey Kaila A. , Nicewicz David A.
Published: October 2016

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Thiophene with Boron: New Building Blocks for Conjugated Materials
Authors: Ren Yi , Jakle Frieder
Published: October 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Applications of α‐Cationic Phosphines
Authors: Alcarazo Manuel
Published: October 2016

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Display Applications
Authors: Yang Gao‐Ling , Zhong Hai‐Zheng
Published: October 2016

Review: 81 refs.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a bladder cancer biomarker: Assessing prognostic and predictive value in SWOG 8710
Authors: Ojerholm Eric , Smith Andrew , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Baumann Brian C. , Tucker Kai N. , Lerner Seth P. , Mamtani Ronac , Boursi Ben , Christodouleas John P.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Risk stratification is a major challenge in bladder cancer (BC), and a biomarker is needed. Multiple studies have reported the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a promising candidate; however, these analyses have methodological limitations. Therefore, the authors performed a category B biomarker study to test whether NLR is prognostic for overall survival (OS) after curative treatment or is predictive for the survival benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

METHODS

This study is an unplanned secondary analysis of SWOG 8710, a randomized phase 3 trial that assessed cystectomy with or without NAC in 317 patients with muscle‐invasive BC. NLR was calculated from prospectively collected complete blood counts. For the prognostic analysis, 230 patients were identified; for the predictive analysis, 263 were identified. NLR was evaluated with proportional hazards models including prespecified factors (age, sex, T‐stage, lymphovascular invasion, and treatment arm).

RESULTS

With a median follow‐up of 18.6 years, there were 172 and 205 deaths in the prognostic and predictive cohorts, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, NLR was not prognostic for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98‐1.11; P = .24). Furthermore, NLR did not predict for the OS benefit from NAC (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.14; P = .86). Factors associated with worse OS were older age (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.07; P < .001) and surgery without NAC (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.88; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first analysis of NLR in BC to use prospectively collected clinical trial data. In contrast to previous studies, it suggests that NLR is neither a prognostic nor predictive biomarker for OS in muscle‐invasive BC. Cancer 2017;123:794–801. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Color appearance modeling of bicolor striped woven fabrics considering neighboring color effects
Authors: Chae Youngjoo , Xin John H. , Hua Tao , Luo Mei
Published: October 2016

In this article, the effect of the spatial and colorimetric attributes of neighboring color on color appearance shift in bicolor striped woven fabrics is investigated. A total of 240 test/neighboring woven color combinations were constructed in four different striped paradigms. Each test color in the combinations was visually assessed by 12 observer panels with the use of the magnitude estimation method estimating the magnitude of perceptual color attributes lightness, colorfulness, and hue. The visual estimates obtained were analyzed statistically by employing correlation and simple regression methods, and, as a result, the following significant neighboring color effects were detected and individually defined: (1) neighboring color's size, lightness, colorfulness, and hue on test color's lightness, (2) neighboring color's colorfulness and hue on test color's colorfulness, and (3) neighboring color's hue on test color's hue. Furthermore, through multiple regression analysis, color appearance models by which the lightness, colorfulness, and hue of bicolor woven fabrics can be predicted were derived. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by calculating the difference between the visually estimated and the predicted color appearances, using ΔL*, ΔC*, Δh°, and ΔECMC(2:1). Among all the derived models, the model producing the smallest mean error was chosen as a final model, and its great accuracy in color appearance predictions was verified through further statistical evaluation. It is envisaged that the findings of this research are of benefit to design textile products with bicolor striped woven fabrics to have desired color appearances. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 512–521, 2017
A novel approach for energy‐efficient resource allocation in double threshold‐based cognitive radio network
Authors: Das Deepa , Das Susmita
Published: October 2016

This paper mainly focuses on solving the energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem in double threshold‐based soft decision fusion (SDF) cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) in the cognitive radio network (CRN). The solution to this objective problem starts with the selection of suitable secondary users (SUs) both for the spectrum sensing and data transmission. Here, energy efficiency is maximized under the constraints of interference to the primary user (PU), an acceptable outage of SUs, the transmission power of the SUs and the probability of false alarm. We propose a novel algorithm called iterative Dinkelbach method (IDM) which jointly optimizes the sensing time and transmission power allocation to the SUs. Further, Lagrangian duality theorem is employed to find the exact power assigned to the SUs. Finally, simulation results are carried out to validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme by comparing with the other existing schemes. The performance is also analyzed for different system parameters.
Negative effects of density on space use of small mammals differ with the phase of the masting‐induced population cycle
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Zwolak Rafał , Redosh Lauren , Rychlik Leszek , Crone Elizabeth E.
Published: October 2016

Home range size generally decreases with increasing population density, but testing how this relationship is influenced by other factors (e.g., food availability, kin structure) is a difficult task. We used spatially explicit capture–recapture models to examine how home range size varies with population density in the yellow‐necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). The relationship between population density and home range size was studied at two distinct phases of population fluctuations induced by beech (Fagus sylvatica) masting: post‐mast peak in abundance (first summer after mast, n = 2) and subsequent crash (second summer after mast, n = 2). We live‐trapped mice from June to September to avoid the confounding effects of autumn seedfall on home range size. In accordance with general predictions, we found that home range size was negatively associated with population density. However, after controlling for the effect of density, home ranges of mice were larger in post‐mast years than during the crash phase. This indicates a higher spatial overlap among neighbors in post‐mast years. We suggest that the increased spatial overlap is caused by negative density‐dependent dispersal that leads to high relatedness of individuals within population in the peak phase of the cycle.
A Spectroscopic Study of Uranium and Molybdenum Complexation within the Pore Channels of Hybrid Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Charlot Alexandre , Dumas Thomas , Solari Pier L. , Cuer Frédéric , Grandjean Agnès
Published: October 2016

To enable the reduction of the environmental impact of nuclear energy generation, in this paper, we link the molecular and macroscopic behaviour of a functionalized material (TR@SBA15) used to extract uranium from sulfuric media. Two organic 3‐[N,N‐di(2‐ethylhexyl)carbamoyl]‐3‐[ethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]propanoic acid (TR) molecules grafted onto the solid are involved in the extraction process and form a 2:1 TR–U complex. FTIR and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analyses show that the TR–U bond is realized through a phosphonate group in a monodentate fashion below pH 3, in agreement with the macroscopic observations. The first coordination sphere of the uranyl ion is completed by two monodentate sulfate ions and one water molecule. Above pH 3, the TR contribution decreases, and other inner‐sphere complexes appear, which is consistent with the increased extraction observed on the macroscopic scale. Molybdenum, a competitor element, reduces the uranium extraction capacity but not its speciation, whereas polyoxomolybdates form inside the pores from the molybdenum in solution.
Microwave versus Conventional Light Activation of O‐Radical Scission Processes
Authors: Carro Carmen , Romero Iván , Boto Alicia
Published: October 2016

Domino or sequential processes initiated by cleavage of O radicals has led to the conversion of low‐cost, readily available substrates into high‐profit products. The optimization of these processes by using different activation sources (irradiation with visible light, microwaves, and conventional heating) is described herein, as well as their application to the conversion of carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, and terpenes into valuable derivatives.
Regioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of β‐Keto Esters, β‐Keto Amides, and 1,3‐Diketones to Internal Alkynes
Authors: Beck Thorsten M. , Breit Bernhard
Published: October 2016

The first rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, including β‐keto esters, β‐keto amides, and 1,3‐diketones, to internal alkynes furnishes branched allylic compounds. By applying RhI/DPEphos/TFA as the catalytic system, aliphatic as well as aromatic internal methyl‐substituted alkynes act as suitable substrates to yield valuable branched α‐allylated 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds regioselectively in good to excellent yields. A simple basic saponification–decarboxylation procedure provides access to valuable γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones. The reaction shows a broad functional‐group tolerance, and numerous structural variations on both reaction partners highlight the synthetic potential and flexibility of this method.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Regioselective Preparation of 3‐Hetero‐Substituted Isocoumarins from Aryl Carboxylic Acids and Alkynes
Authors: Song Lijuan , Xiao Jing , Dong Wanrong , Peng Zhihong , An Delie
Published: October 2016

An oxygen‐mediated annulation reaction has been reported herein. Various 3‐hetero‐substituted isocoumarins were successfully prepared with high efficiency (yields up to 88 %) and good functional‐group tolerance (35 examples) in the presence of a rhodium catalyst. A plausible mechanism has also been proposed that shows the high regioselectivity mostly likely originates from the electron‐density difference between the alkynyl carbon atoms of the substrate.
Experimental investigation on soot formation in an ethylene/air laminar diffusion flame diluted with CO2 at pressures up to 8 atm
Authors: Xi Jianfei , Wu Yunyun , Gu Zhongzhu , An Haiyang , Yuan Ye , Cai Jie
Published: October 2016

The effects of CO2 addition to the fuel on the temperature field and soot formation in a co‐flow laminar diffusion flame of ethylene/air over the pressure range of 1 to 8 atm were investigated experimentally. The flame was produced in a high pressure combustion chamber. A technique of diffuse‐light two‐dimensional line‐of‐sight attenuation (diffuse 2D‐LOSA) was applied to measure soot volume fraction distribution in the flame. The influence of CO2 dilution on flame appearance at various pressures was investigated. The quantity of soot formation decreases with the increase in CO2 addition at all pressures, with the decrease rates being slower under higher pressure than lower pressure. With the addition of CO2 to fuel side, the sooting zone decreases and tends to be concentrated toward the tip of flame. Generally, the overall soot temperatures of the CO2 dilution flames decrease with increasing pressure and CO2 addition, the most significant change in the lower and middle of the flame. At same pressure, the CO2 addition has little impact on the flame height. As the pressure rises, however, the axial diameter of flame decreases to give an overall stretched appearance. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 476–482, 2017
Optimizing and modeling of energy production based on catalytic gasification of saxaul as a new biomass
Authors: Hooshmand‐Ahoor Amir , Zandi‐Atashbar Navid , Hooshmand‐Ahoor Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2016

Energy and population growing has propelled the world to not‐clear one because of the pollutants produced from fossil fuels consumption, so, energy produced from green sources, such as biomass, has been known as a big challenge of developing and developed countries. This article presents the applicability of saxaul as an abundant nonusable wood for energy production based on computational experimental aspects. Hence, the low heating value (LHV) of the gaseous products of saxaul gasification was optimized and modeled against the process parameters, including processing time, temperature, and the catalytic amount using multi‐variates experimental design method. Moreover, the synthesized nano‐V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 was used as the catalyst and characterized using common analytical techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. TEM image represented round particles with average size of 19 nm. XRD and EDX studies presented the successful formation of V2O5‐WO3 on TiO2 substrate. To study catalytic effect of nano‐V2O5‐WO3/TiO2, BET analyses were performed to determine the mean specific surface area of it before and after the gasification, which the initial value was 72 m2 g−1 and decreased to 67 m2 g−1 after the gasification. As the evaluation of energy production, the low heating values of gaseous products was calculated based on the multivariate model of process parameters. Furthermore, the low poisoning catalytic process in accompany with acceptable statistical indexes of modeling, R2 = 0.98,
 = 0.98, and
 = 0.95, were resulted from green energy production of saxaul against the effective corresponding process parameters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 723–728, 2017
Compulsive sexual behavior: Prefrontal and limbic volume and interactions
Authors: Schmidt Casper , Morris Laurel S. , Kvamme Timo L. , Hall Paula , Birchard Thaddeus , Voon Valerie
Published: October 2016

Background

Compulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) are relatively common and associated with significant personal and social dysfunction. The underlying neurobiology is still poorly understood. The present study examines brain volumes and resting state functional connectivity in CSB compared with matched healthy volunteers (HV).

Methods

Structural MRI (MPRAGE) data were collected in 92 subjects (23 CSB males and 69 age‐matched male HV) and analyzed using voxel‐based morphometry. Resting state functional MRI data using multi‐echo planar sequence and independent components analysis (ME‐ICA) were collected in 68 subjects (23 CSB subjects and 45 age‐matched HV).

Results

CSB subjects showed greater left amygdala gray matter volumes (small volume corrected, Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.01) and reduced resting state functional connectivity between the left amygdala seed and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (whole brain, cluster corrected FWE P < 0.05) compared with HV.

Conclusions

CSB is associated with elevated volumes in limbic regions relevant to motivational salience and emotion processing, and impaired functional connectivity between prefrontal control regulatory and limbic regions. Future studies should aim to assess longitudinal measures to investigate whether these findings are risk factors that predate the onset of the behaviors or are consequences of the behaviors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1182–1190, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The superiority of the autografts inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure to decellularized allografts in a porcine model
Authors: Morimoto Naoki , Mahara Atsushi , Jinno Chizuru , Ogawa Mami , Kakudo Natsuko , Suzuki Shigehiko , Fujisato Toshia , Kusumoto Kenji , Yamaoka Tetsuji
Published: October 2016

We are developing a novel skin regeneration therapy in which the inactivation of nevus tissue via high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is used in the reconstruction of the dermis in combination with a cultured epidermal autograft. In this study, we used a porcine skin graft model to explore whether autologous skin including cellular debris inactivated by HHP or allogeneic skin decellularized by HHP is better for dermal reconstruction. Grafts (n = 6) were prepared for five groups each: autologous skin without pressurization group (control group), autologous skin inactivated by 200 MPa group, autologous skin inactivated by 1000 MPa group, allogeneic skin decellularized by 200 MPa group, and allogeneic skin decellularized by 1000 MPa group. All of the grafts at 1, 4, and 12 weeks showed complete engraftment macroscopically. The mean areas of the grafts of the control group (p < 0.01) and autologous 200 MPa group (p < 0.01) were larger than that of the allogeneic 1000 MPa group at four weeks after implantation. The thickness of the control group and autologous 200 MPa group was comparable, and that of the autologous 200 MPa group was significantly thicker than that of the allogeneic 200 MPa group (p < 0.01). This suggests that the autologous dermis was superior to the allogeneic decellularized dermis as a skin graft, and that HHP at 200 MPa provided a better outcome than HHP at 1000 MPa. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2653–2661, 2017.
Effect of probiotics on patulin removal from synbiotic apple juice
Authors: Zoghi Alaleh , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush , Sohrabvandi Sara , Attar Hosein , Alavi Sayed Abolhasan
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Studies have reported the occurrence of the mycotoxin patulin in apple products. The aim of this study was to produce synbiotic apple juice and investigate the detoxification of patulin by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum as probiotic strains. The impact of seven process variables on efficiency of toxin removal was investigated using Plackett–Burman design and presence of the surface‐layer proteins as binding site of probiotics to patulin was confirmed during 6 weeks of cold storage.

RESULTS

Results showed that the removal of patulin by probiotic bacteria from apple juice depends significantly (P < 0.05) on the fructooligosaccharide content (as a prebiotic), concentration of patulin and the addition of ascorbic acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell surface proteins of probiotic strains revealed that surface layer proteins have an important role in patulin removal from apple juice. In the best conditions, 91.23% of initial patulin concentration was removed from juice during 6 weeks refrigerated storage. No significant difference was observed in organoleptic properties of the synbiotic apple juice and raw sample.

CONCLUSION

In the best condition reported in this study, contaminated synbiotic apple juice by patulin will be safe for consumers after the first day of probiotic inoculation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A Shifting Tide: Recommendations for Incorporating Science Communication into Graduate Training
Authors: Hundey Elizabeth J. , Olker Jennifer H. , Carreira Cátia , Daigle Rémi M. , Elgin Ashley K. , Finiguerra Michael , Gownaris Natasha J. , Hayes Nicole , Heffner Leanna , Roxanna Razavi N. , Shirey Patrick D. , Tolar Bradley B. , Wood‐Charlson Elisha M.
Published: October 2016

Scientists who are skilled in communication reap professional and personal rewards. Unfortunately, gaps exist in fostering curricular and extracurricular training in science communication. We focus our article on opportunities for university‐ and department‐level leadership to train new scientists to communicate effectively. Our motivation is threefold: (1) communication training is key to being competitive in the increasingly diverse job market, (2) training early career scientists in communication “jump‐starts” personal and societal benefits, and (3) the authors represent a group of early career aquatic scientists with unique insights on the state of and need for training. We surveyed early career aquatic scientists about their science communication training experiences. In summary, survey respondents indicated that (1) science communication training is important; (2) graduate students are interested in training that is not currently available to them; (3) departments and advisors are moderately supportive of students participating in science communication, but less enthusiastic about providing training support; and (4) graduate students lack opportunities to put science communication training into practice. We recommend departments and institutions recognize the benefits of science communication training, develop a strategy to support such training, and facilitate individualized approaches to science communication.
Reflectance confocal microscopy of skin in vivo: From bench to bedside
Authors: Rajadhyaksha Milind , Marghoob Ashfaq , Rossi Anthony , Halpern Allan C. , Nehal Kishwer S.
Published: October 2016

Following more than two decades of effort, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging of skin was granted codes for reimbursement by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dermatologists in the USA have started billing and receiving reimbursement for the imaging procedure and for the reading and interpretation of images. RCM imaging combined with dermoscopic examination is guiding the triage of lesions into those that appear benign, which are being spared from biopsy, against those that appear suspicious, which are then biopsied. Thus far, a few thousand patients have been spared from biopsy of benign lesions. The journey of RCM imaging from bench to bedside is certainly a success story, but still much more work lies ahead toward wider dissemination, acceptance, and adoption. We present a brief review of RCM imaging and highlight key challenges and opportunities. The success of RCM imaging paves the way for other emerging optical technologies, as well—and our bet for the future is on multimodal approaches. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:7–19, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infrared laser sealing of porcine vascular tissues using a 1,470 nm diode laser: Preliminary in vivo studies
Authors: Cilip Christopher M. , Kerr Duane , Latimer Cassandra A. , Rosenbury Sarah B. , Giglio Nicholas C. , Hutchens Thomas C. , Nau William H. , Fried Nathaniel M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Infrared (IR) lasers are being explored as an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasonic (US) devices for rapid hemostasis with minimal collateral zones of thermal damage and tissue necrosis. Previously, a 1,470 nm IR laser sealed and cut ex vivo porcine renal arteries of 1–8 mm diameter in 2 seconds, yielding burst pressures greater than 1,200 mmHg and thermal coagulation zones less than 3 mm. This preliminary study describes in vivo testing of a handheld laser probe in a porcine model.

Methods

A handheld prototype with vessel/tissue clasping mechanism was tested on 73 blood vessels less than 6 mm diameter using 1,470 nm laser power of 35 W for 1–5 seconds. Device power settings, irradiation time, tissue type, vessel diameter, and histology sample number were recorded for each procedure. The probe was evaluated for hemostasis after sealing isolated and bundled arteriole/venous (A/V) vasculature of porcine abdomen and hind leg. Sealed vessel samples were collected for histological analysis of lateral thermal damage.

Results

Hemostasis was achieved in 57 of 73 seals (78%). The probe consistently sealed vasculature in small bowel mesentery, mesometrium, and gastrosplenic and epiploic regions. Seal performance was less consistent on hind leg vasculature including saphenous arteries/bundles and femoral and iliac arteries. Collagen denaturation averaged 1.6 ± 0.9 mm in eight samples excised for histologic examination.

Conclusions

A handheld laser probe sealed porcine vessels, in vivo. Further probe development and laser parameter optimization is necessary before infrared lasers may be evaluated as an alternative to RF and US vessel sealing devices. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:366–371, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[18F]AV‐1451 tau positron emission tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Lowe Val J. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: October 2016

Background

The [18F]AV‐1451 positron emission tomography ligand allows the in vivo assessment of tau proteins in the brain. It shows strong binding in Alzheimer's dementia, but little is known about how it performs in progressive supranuclear palsy, a primary 4R tauopathy.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine whether [18F]AV‐1451 uptake can be observed in progressive supranuclear palsy and to characterize the regional distribution when compared with controls and Alzheimer's dementia.

Methods

[18F]AV‐1451 positron emission tomography was performed in 10 patients with probable progressive supranuclear palsy. These patients were age‐ and gender‐matched to 50 controls and 10 Alzheimer's dementia patients who had undergone identical [18F]AV‐1451 imaging. Regional comparisons of [18F]AV‐1451 uptake were performed across the whole brain using region‐of‐interest and voxel‐level analyses, and correlations between regional [18F]AV‐1451 and the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale were assessed.

Results

An elevated [18F]AV‐1451 signal was observed in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with controls in the pallidum, midbrain, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and frontal regions. Signal in the cerebellar dentate and pallidum were also greater in progressive supranuclear palsy when compared with Alzheimer's dementia. Conversely, the [18F]AV‐1451 signal across the cortex was higher in Alzheimer's dementia when compared with progressive supranuclear palsy. The [18F]AV‐1451 signal in a number of regions correlated with the progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale.

Conclusions

Progressive supranuclear palsy is associated with an elevated [18F]AV‐1451 signal in a characteristic and distinct regional pattern that correlates with disease severity and differs from the patterns observed in Alzheimer's dementia. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Autonomous driving in NMR
Authors: Perez Manuel
Published: October 2016

The automatic analysis of NMR data has been a much‐desired endeavour for the last six decades, as it is the case with any other analytical technique. This need for automation has only grown as advances in hardware; pulse sequences and automation have opened new research areas to NMR and increased the throughput of data. Full automatic analysis is a worthy, albeit hard, challenge, but in a world of artificial intelligence, instant communication and big data, it seems that this particular fight is happening with only one technique at a time (let this be NMR, MS, IR, UV or any other), when the reality of most laboratories is that there are several types of analytical instrumentation present. Data aggregation, verification and elucidation by using complementary techniques (e.g. MS and NMR) is a desirable outcome to pursue, although a time‐consuming one if performed manually; hence, the use of automation to perform the heavy lifting for users is required to make the approach attractive for scientists. Many of the decisions and workflows that could be implemented under automation will depend on the two‐way communication with databases that understand analytical data, because it is desirable not only to query these databases but also to grow them in as much of an automatic manner as possible. How these databases are designed, set up and the data inside classified will determine what workflows can be implemented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From the Paddock to the Page: Squatter Peter Beveridge's Ethnological Writing about the Wadi Wadi in Colonial Victoria
Authors: Lourie Amanda
Published: October 2016

This article examines the ethnological writing about the Wadi Wadi people undertaken by squatter Peter Beveridge in the 1850s and 1860s. In the north of the colony of Victoria, both Beveridge and the Wadi Wadi laid claim to the land upon which they lived. In this ambiguous space, lengthy and close relationships developed between Beveridge and Wadi Wadi people with information and experiences shared. Valuing the knowledge of Wadi Wadi people, Beveridge was able to adapt and challenge aspects of the British ethnological ideas through which he framed his analysis of Wadi Wadi life. The article explores specifically Beveridge's response to the 1841 Queries Respecting the Human Race. It appears that Beveridge purposefully ignored the questions on Physical Characters and recognised spiritual belief as an integral part of Wadi Wadi daily life.
Longitudinal quality of life improvement in underserved rural youth with obesity
Authors: Engebretsen S. , Sorrells R. , Yi‐Frazier J. P. , Early K. Briggs
Published: October 2016

Objective

ACT! (Actively Changing Together) is a family‐ and community‐based intervention targeting youth with obesity. The objective of this study was to establish the longitudinal impact on Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as well as the relationship with anthropometric and demographic factors.

Methods

Youth (n = 75) aged 8–14 years meeting criteria for overweight or obesity were referred to the programme. Twelve, 90‐min classes in English and Spanish were held at the YMCA. Demographics and anthropometrics were assessed, as well as HRQoL that was measured with the child‐reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Data was collected at three follow‐up points after completion of the intervention: initial follow‐up (n = 65), 6 (n = 41) and 12 months (n = 25). Analysis included paired dependent t‐tests between baseline and follow‐up, and Pearson's correlations on HRQoL, anthropometric and demographic data.

Results

PedsQL scores significantly improved from baseline to all follow‐up timepoints (initial follow‐up immediately following the intervention, and 6 and 12 months post intervention). Over time, body mass index Z‐Score and per cent body fat displayed various points of significance and strengthening correlations.

Conclusions

Longitudinal improvements in HRQoL were sustained up to 12 months following a family‐ and community‐based intervention in this underserved population. Anthropometric measures continuously correlated with and contributed to HRQoL outcomes.
Hes4: A potential prognostic biomarker for newly diagnosed patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma
Authors: McManus Madonna , Kleinerman Eugenie , Yang Yanwen , Livingston John Andrew , Mortus Jared , Rivera Rocio , Zweidler‐McKay Patrick , Schadler Keri
Published: October 2016

Background

Prognostic biomarkers for osteosarcoma (OS) at the time of diagnosis are lacking. Necrotic response of OS to preoperative chemotherapy correlates with survival and is determined 3–4 months after diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to identify biomarkers that will stratify patients into good or poor responders to chemotherapy at diagnosis and determine the role of potential biomarkers in OS pathogenesis.

Procedure

Because OS may be caused by disruptions of osteogenic differentiation, and the Notch pathway is one regulator of bone development, we examined the link between Notch effectors, OS differentiation, and OS outcome. We probed the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform for RNA expression levels of Notch targets in mixed high‐grade OS pretreatment biopsies. We used human OS cell lines in vitro and in mice to determine the role of the Notch target hairy/enhancer of split 4 (Hes4) in OS.

Results

We found that in OS patients, high expression of Hes4 is correlated with decreased metastasis‐free and overall survival. Human OS cells that overexpress Hes4 are more immature and have an increased invasive capacity in vitro. This was not universal to all Notch effectors, as Hes1 overexpression induced opposing effects. When injected into NSG mice, Hes4‐overexpressing OS cells produced significantly larger, more lytic tumors and significantly more metastases than did control cells.

Conclusions

Hes4 overexpression promotes a more aggressive tumor phenotype by preventing osteoblastic differentiation of OS cells. Hes4 expression may allow for the stratification of patients into good or poor responders to chemotherapy at diagnosis.
The design and performance of a polymer ribbon‐reinforced transparent composite material
Authors: O'Brien Daniel J. , Parquette Brian , Hoey Megan L. , Perry Jeffrey
Published: October 2016

For the purpose of producing polymer ribbon/polymer‐matrix composites, we manufacture rectangular cross section ribbons directly by spinning from a rectangular die. A range of optical techniques, including the interferometric measurement of filament refractive index and characterization of composite optical performance through the modulation transfer function, are employed to quantify properties and guide system design. The interferometric measurements revealed that, compared with previous mechanically worked filaments, the die spun filaments have a more uniform optical path across the fiber. These measurements also enabled characterization of the filament's chromatic dispersion and allowed for matching the matrix refractive index across the visible spectrum. The results show that composites manufactured from rectangular die‐spun ribbons have excellent optical properties with a significant optical performance improvement over previous work. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2523–2534, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solvent effect on the tautomers' stabilities of protonated N,N‐dimethylnitrosamine: The role of hydrogen bonds network
Authors: de Andrade Railton B. , Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar A.
Published: October 2016

DFT calculations have been applied in order to study the free energies of the structures corresponding to the three different protonation sites of N,N‐dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). The solvent effect has been taken into account through the study of clusters consisting of protonated DMNA and up to four explicit water molecules, either in the absence or in the presence of a continuum (CPCM) solvation model. Addition of water molecules has been done by a careful screening procedure through which all important hydrogen bonds are likely to be considered. Protonation of DMNA makes all their lone pairs no longer available for hydrogen bond formation with water molecules, such that hydrogen bonds have been observed, for almost all structures, only between water molecules and between one water molecule and the protonated DMNA, in this latter case intermediated by the proton. The stabilities of the solvated structures are governed not only by the number of hydrogen bonds but also by the positions of the water molecules involved in these bonds, as well as by which of them donate or accept H atoms. Our results indicate that oxygen protonation is the most favorable one, regardless of the presence of water molecules. In vacuum protonation at the N‐amino (2a) is approximately as favorable as protonation at the N nitroso (2c). However, in water the former protonation is by far the less favorable one. Our best estimates for the ΔG values in bulk solvent are: ΔG(2a) ≈ 17.9, ΔG(1c) ≈ 4.3, and ΔG(2c) ≈ 4.9 kcal/mol.
False data injection attack on consensus‐based distributed estimation
Authors: Lei L. , Yang W. , Yang C. , Shi H. B.
Published: October 2016

We consider security issues for consensus‐based distributed estimation problem. In a sensor network, an attacker with limited power injects random false data into the communication links so as to degrade the network performance. First, an optimal estimator is designed by minimizing the mean‐squared estimation error of each sensor under hostile attacks. Then, a sufficient condition is provided to guarantee the stability of the proposed estimator. Finally, a set of suboptimal attacking sequences is obtained for the attacker to maximize the network estimation error. Illustrative examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the suboptimal attacking strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Event‐switched control design with guaranteed performances
Authors: Boisseau Bruno , Martinez John Jairo , Raharijaona Thibaut , Durand Sylvain , Marchand Nicolas
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a new event‐switched control method is presented for controlling discrete‐time linear systems subject to bounded disturbances. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the nominal performance of the controlled system with periodic control updates is kept in a framework that do not require to periodically update the control law. The feedback control loop can be opened as long a state‐dependent event condition is satisfied. This condition is obtained using set theory approaches. In particular, the concept of robustly positively invariant sets is used to calculate the nominal performance and the event condition. The simulation presented in this paper confirms the efficiency of the present approach. A reduction of the numerical complexity of the approach is also proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evolutionary insights into the non‐enzymatic origin of RNA oligomers
Authors: Šponer Judit E. , Šponer Jiří , Mauro Ernesto Di
Published: October 2016

We outline novel findings on the non‐enzymatic polymerization of nucleotides under plausible prebiotic conditions and on the spontaneous onset of informational complexity in the founding molecule, RNA. We argue that the unique ability of 3′, 5′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate to form stacked architectures and polymerize in a self‐sustained manner suggests that this molecule may serve as the ‘seed of life’ from which all self‐replicating oligonucleotides can be derived via a logically complete sequence of simple events. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1400. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1400

This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Model order reduction using sparse coding exemplified for the lid-driven cavity
Authors: Deshmukh Rohit , McNamara Jack J. , Liang Zongxian , Kolter J. Zico , Gogulapati Abhijit
Published: October 2016

Basis identification is a critical step in the construction of accurate reduced-order models using Galerkin projection. This is particularly challenging in unsteady flow fields due to the presence of multi-scale phenomena that cannot be ignored and may not be captured using a small set of modes extracted using the ubiquitous proper orthogonal decomposition. This study focuses on this issue by exploring an approach known as sparse coding for the basis identification problem. Compared with proper orthogonal decomposition, which seeks to truncate the basis spanning an observed data set into a small set of dominant modes, sparse coding is used to identify a compact representation that spans all scales of the observed data. As such, the inherently multi-scale bases may improve reduced-order modelling of unsteady flow fields. The approach is examined for a canonical problem of an incompressible flow inside a two-dimensional lid-driven cavity. The results demonstrate that Galerkin reduction of the governing equations using sparse modes yields a significantly improved predictive model of the fluid dynamics.
The rapid-rotation limit of the neutral curve for Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Deguchi Kengo
Published: October 2016

An asymptotic theory is developed for the linear stability curve of rapidly rotating Taylor–Couette flow. The analytic curve obtained by the theory excellently explains the limiting Navier–Stokes stability result for general disturbances. When the cylinders are corotating, the asymptotic theory describes the gap between the neutral curve and the Rayleigh stability criterion. For the case when the cylinders are counter-rotating, it is found that, along the stability boundary, the Reynolds number based on the inner cylinder speed is proportional to that based on the outer cylinder speed to the power of $3/5$.
Reflection of Longitudinal Micro-Rotational Wave at Viscoelastically Supported Boundary of Micropolar Half-Space
Authors: Zhang P. , Wei P.-J. , Li Y.-Q.
Published: October 2016

The reflection of longitudinal micro-rotational wave at the viscoelastically supported boundary of micropolar half-space is studied in this paper. The viscoelastic boundary is described by spring-dashpot model with parallel or serial connection. Both the spring and the dashpot contribute to the displacements and micro-rotation and the boundary conditions include the force stress and couple stress components. From the boundary conditions, the amplitude ratios and phase shifts of reflection waves with respect to the incident wave are obtained. Further, the energy flux ratios of the reflection waves to the incident wave are estimated. In order to validate the numerical results, the energy flux conservation with consideration of the energy dissipation of dashpot is used. Based on the numerical results, the influences of elastic parameters and viscous parameters are studied, respectively. It is found that the elastic parameters and the viscous parameters have evident influences on the amplitude ratio, the phase shift and the energy partition. The causes resulting in these deviations are related with the instantaneous elasticity of spring and the time-delay effects of dashpot.
Are all the triangles blue? – ERP evidence for the incremental processing of German quantifier restriction
Authors: AUGURZKY PETRA , BOTT OLIVER , STERNEFELD WOLFGANG , ULRICH ROLF
Published: October 2016

abstract

The present ERP study investigates the neural correlates of pictorial context effects on compositional-semantic processing. We examined whether the incremental processing of questions involving quantifier restriction is modulated by the reliability of pictorial information. Contexts either allowed for an unambiguous meaning evaluation at an early sentential position or were ambiguous with respect to whether a further restrictive cue could trigger later meaning revisions. Attention was either guided towards (Experiment 1) or away from (Experiment 2) the picture–question mapping. In both experiments, negative answers elicited a broadly distributed negativity opposed to affirmative answers as soon as an unambiguous truth evaluation was possible. In the presence of ambiguous context information, the truth evaluation initially remained underspecified, as an early commitment would have resulted in the risk of a semantic reanalysis. The negativity was followed by a late positivity in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2, suggesting that attention towards the mismatch affected semantic processing, but only at a later time window. The current results are consistent with the notion that an incremental meaning evaluation is dependent on the reliability of contextual information.