bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Polymer on Clay Flocculation and Microscopic Residual Oil Based on 2.5D Model
Authors: Da Sun Xian , Chen Wang Yu , Song Guo Qian , Zhuo Ouyang Zhao , Wu Xu Cheng , Dong Cao Yang , Tao Liu , Jun Ma Wen
Published: November 2024

In the process of oilfield development, the surfactant-polymer (SP) composite system demonstrates significant effectiveness in enhancing oil recovery. However, as the injection volume of the composite flooding increases, a decline in injectivity and productivity is observed. Frozen core slicing reveals that binary composite flooding results in the formation of residual oil adhering between particles. Research indicates that the polymer induces a flocculation reaction among clay and other migrating particles in the reservoir, which subsequently mix with crude oil to form a high-viscosity mixture. This mixture tends to accumulate locally, making it difficult to displace. In this study, a microvisual displacement model and microscopy were employed to analyse and observe these phenomena. Kaolinite aqueous suspensions were used to simulate migrating particles in the reservoir. Comparative experiments were conducted using the composite system to displace kaolinite suspensions, crude oil, and mixtures of kaolinite suspensions and crude oil. The findings ultimately confirm that the polymer acts as a flocculant, causing kaolinite particles to aggregate. This, in turn, increases the viscosity of the crude oil and negatively impacts the displacement efficiency of the binary composite flooding system.
Multiple Camera Patient Tracking Method Based on Motion-Group Parameters Reconstruction
Authors: Karpuzov Simeon , Petkov George , Kalitzin Stiliyan
Published: November 2024

Rationale. Visual tracking of patients with specific adverse conditions such as epileptic seizures is an important task related to the prevention of unwanted medical situations and events. Previously, we have developed algorithms for contactless patient tracking based on optical flow analysis. In this work, we address some of the challenges faced by the single-camera tracking system and expand its functionalities by employing simultaneous input from multiple cameras. Methods. We propose a new approach of fusing multiple camera sensors. It uses a proprietary motion-group parameters reconstruction algorithm and includes scenarios of both overlapping and non-overlapping fields of view. In the first case, the simultaneous tracking within the overlapping field evolves from independent tracking by each camera, to a synchronized tracking by a set of cameras. This is achieved by automated reinforcement learning and simultaneously applying the interdependences between the cameras. In addition, outside the overlapping areas the algorithm can transfer tracking from one camera to another provided tree-type of topology between the areas is present. Results. We demonstrate that synchronous, multi-camera tracking scenarios provide improvements on both real-world and simulated tests. This new approach allows improving the accuracy and robustness of the original methods, to extend the tracking coverage and to provide other beneficial effects, such as more precise detection of fast-moving objects. The proposed method is compared with other algorithms used in the field.
An ecological Study Relating the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology with Health-Related, Socio-Demographic, and Geographical Characteristics in South Tyrol (Italy)
Authors: Lorenzon Antonio , Palandri Lucia , Uguzzoni Francesco , Cristofor Catalina Doina , Lozza Filippo , Rizzi Cristiana , Poluzzi Riccardo , Bertoli Pierpaolo , Zerzer Florian , Righi Elena
Published: November 2024

Literature associating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 with the healthcare-related, geographical and demographic characteristics of the territory, is inconclusive and contrasting. We studied these relationships during winter 2021/22 in South Tyrol, a multicultural Italian alpine province, performing an ecological study based on the 20 districts of the area. Data about incidence, hospitalization, and death between November ‘21 and February ‘22 was collected and associated to territorial variables via bivariate analyses and multivariate regressions. Both exposure variables and outcomes varied widely among districts. Incidence was found to be mainly predicted by vaccination coverage (negative correlation). Mortality and ICU admission rates partially followed this distribution, while case fatality rate was inversely correlated to average salary, and hospital admission rates increased where hospitals capacity was higher, and from the southern to the northern border of the province. These findings, besides confirming the efficacy of vaccination in preventing both new and severe SARS-CoV-2 cases, highlight that several geographical and socio-demographic variables can be related to disease epidemiology. Remote areas with wage gaps and lower access to care suffered most the pandemic. Our findings, therefore, underly the existence of health inequity issues that need to be targeted by implementing specifically tailored public health interventions.
A Review of Sulfate Removal from Water Using Polymeric Membranes
Authors: Al Mehrate Jamal , Shaban Sadek , Henni Amr
Published: November 2024

Access to clean and reliable water has become critical due to the global water crisis. High sulfate levels in drinking water raise health concerns for humans and animals and can cause serious corrosion in industrial systems. Sulfated waters represent a major challenge on the Canadian prairies leading to a large number of cattle deaths. While reverse osmosis (RO) membranes ef-fectively remove sulfates, they are costly due to high-pressure requirements. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes present a more affordable alternative, outperforming traditional methods like ad-sorption, desalination and ion exchange. Additionally, developing low-pressure ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes could further reduce costs. This review explores ad-vancements in polymeric materials and membrane technology to enhance sulfate removal, fo-cusing on methods to reduce fouling and improve permeate flux. Techniques discussed include phase inversion (PI), thin-film composite (TFC), and thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. The review also highlights recent fabrication methods for pristine and nanomaterial-enhanced membranes, acknowledging both benefits and limitations. Continued innovations in poly-mer-based membranes are expected to drive further improvements in performance and cost ef-ficiency. This review found that studies in the literature dealt mainly with sulfate concentrations below 2000 mg/L, indicating a need to address higher concentrations in future studies.
17β-Hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one
Authors: Stoyanova Savina , Dinkov Georgi , Bogdanov Milen G.
Published: November 2024

We have successfully synthesized a 2-oxa androstane derivative, 17β-hydroxy-2-oxa-5α-androstan-3-one (6), and confirmed its structure using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
UBR5 in the Tumor Microenvironment: Exploring Mechanisms of Immune Regulation and Possible Therapeutic Implications in MPNST
Authors: Odhiambo Diana Akinyi , Fan Selina , Hirbe Angela C
Published: November 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare but aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma characterized by poor response to therapy. The primary treatment remains surgical resection with negative margins. Nonetheless, in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the five-year survival rate is at 20-50% with recurrence occurring in up to 50% of individuals. For patients with metastatic and unresectable disease, current treatment options include cytotoxic chemotherapy, which offers minimal benefit, and most patients die within five years of diagnosis. Despite advances in targeted therapy focusing on inhibiting Ras signaling and its downstream effectors, clinical trials report minimal clinical benefit, highlighting the need to explore alternative pathways in MPNST pathogenesis.
Here we discuss the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBR5, in cancer progression and immune modulation across various malignancies including breast, lung and ovarian cancer. We focus on mechanisms by which UBR5 contributes to tumorigenesis focusing on its influence on tumor microenvironment and immune modulation. We discuss evidence implicating UBR5 in immune evasion and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in MPNST, a tumor typically characterized by an immune cold microenvironment. We outline current immune-based strategies and challenges in MPNST management, ongoing efforts to shift the immune landscape in MPNST, and ultimately, we suggest that targeting UBR5 could be a novel strategy to potentiate ICB therapy-mediated anti-tumor immune response and clinical outcomes, particularly in MPNST patients with inoperable or metastatic disease.
Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention and Control in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy: Governance Models, Resources, and Key Challenges Across Hospital and Community Settings. Findings from the ARCO Project
Authors: Anello Paola , Vianello Stefano , Baldo Vincenzo , Frasson Enrica , Gallo Umberto , Rampazzo Roberta , Marchiori Milvia , Carraro Mara , Marchiori Sara , Pigozzo Marta , Manfrin Vinicio , Mazzariol Annarita , De Ambrosis Paola , Gentili Davide , Tonon Michele , Cazzaro Romina , Scroccaro Giovanna , Russo Francesca , Mengato Daniele
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance represents a global health challenge, with Italy among the most affected countries in Europe. In response, the Veneto Region developed governance models to enhance antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection prevention in both hospital and community settings. This study assessed the implementation of these models and explored strategies for improvement. A survey targeting hospital medical and district health management, hospital pharmacies, and primary care pharmaceutical departments was conducted to evaluate governance adherence, resource allocation, training, and reporting practices. Findings were analyzed by a focus group comprising regional experts, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and policymakers, which identified critical gaps and proposed actionable recommendations. Results revealed disparities in AMS implementation between hospital and community care, with key challenges including limited multidisciplinary collaboration, inconsistent resource distribution, and gaps in training. The focus group emphasized the need for stronger governance, standardized protocols, and improved communication to address these shortcomings. This study underscores significant gaps and opportunities within the Veneto Region’s healthcare system and provides a framework for enhancing AMS and infection prevention strategies, bridging the divide between hospital and community care to combat antimicrobial resistance effectively.
Fecal Calprotectin Determination in a Cohort of Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy
Authors: Anania Caterina , Mondì Filippo , Brindisi Giulia , Spagnoli Alessandra , De Canditiis Daniela , Gesmini Arianna , Marchetti Lavinia , Fichera Alessia , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Zicari Anna Maria , Olivero Francesca
Published: November 2024

Background: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in the pediatric age. The oral food challenge (OFC) remains a mainstay of its diagnosis, especially for the non-IgE-mediated type; this test can be risky and time-consuming. Hence, the need to identify biomarkers. Fecal calprotectin (FC) showed variable results, with good reliability and reproducibility in CMA patients. Methods: In this prospective study we enrolled 76 children (age 5-18 months) with CMA-related gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms following the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines. Clinical assessments included history, physical examination, skin prick tests, and IgE assays. FC levels and Cow’s Milk Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) were measured in 51 patients pre- (T1) and post-diet (T2), with a subgroup analysis of 15 patients with elevated baseline FC (>50 mg/kg). Results: FC levels significantly decreased after the elimination diet (median: 30 mg/kg at T1, 16 mg/kg at T2; p <0.01). In the subgroup with higher FC levels, median values dropped from 90 mg/kg to 33 mg/kg (p < 0.01). CoMiSS also improved (median: 8.50 at T1, 3.00 at T2; p <0.01). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between FC values and the CoMiSS at T1 and T2. Conclusions: The reduction of FC value after an elimination diet suggests that it could be considered a possible biomarker of bowel inflammation in CMA patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data and to evaluate and standardize the use of FC for diagnosis and follow-up of CMA.
Consuming a High-Pectin Smoothie Has Different Effects on the Uric Acid Levels and Gut Microbiota of Healthy Women
Authors: Ehala-Aleksejev Kristel , Pihelgas Susan , Kazantseva Jekaterina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The normal uric acid (UA) levels vary based on gender, but in both sexes elevated UA levels are linked to various health conditions. Methods: This study examined the impact of a high-pectin smoothie (11.6g fibre/day) consumption for 3 weeks on UA levels and gut microbiota in 28 women. Food diaries, stool and blood samples were collected at baseline and after the smoothie consumption. Results: Participants with similar baseline UA levels showed divergent responses: UA levels increased in the UAI group (n = 15) and decreased in the UAD group (n = 13) post-intervention. The smoothie consumption increased Bacteroides in the UAD and Prevotella 9 in the UAI, contrasting with the baseline abundances, where Prevotella 9 was higher in the UAD and Bacteroides in the UAI group. Furthermore, the proportion of Faecalibacterium increased in the UAI group after smoothie consumption, equalizing the baseline difference with the UAD group. Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of personalized dietary strategies for managing healthy UA levels in women.
The Measurement Problem and the Search for Fundamental Theory
Authors: S. Khatiwada Raju
Published: November 2024

The measurement problem in physics remains an unresolved challenge characterized by significant conceptual complexity. Paradoxically, mainstream scientific discourse has often sidestepped this issue by invoking processes such as the 'collapse of the wavefunction'—a mechanism that, to this day, lacks a rigorous definition. This framework has primarily served as a pragmatic way to bypass the problem, allowing the inherent subjectivity introduced by the observer to be overlooked. In this article, I aim to provide a detailed exposition of the measurement problem and trace its underlying causes. A case will be made for integrating perspectives from the Philosophy of Science to address this issue systematically. Furthermore, I will explore the critical necessity of developing a robust theory of consciousness, which may provide deeper insights into the measurement problem. By investigating the foundational principles of such a theory, this work seeks to illuminate the intricate relationship between Quantum Theory and Consciousness, potentially offering a more unified understanding of these fundamental phenomena.
Design Optimization of RF MEMS-Driven Triangular Resonators with Sierpinski Geometry for Dual-Band Applications
Authors: Cismaru Alina , Marcelli Romolo
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a detailed design study of resonating high-frequency notch filters driven by RF MEMS switches and their optimization for dual-band operation in the X-Band. Microstrip configurations will be considered for single and dual-band applications. An SPDT (single-pole-double-thru) switch composed of double-clamped ohmic micro-switches has been introduced to connect triangular resonators with Sierpinski geometry, symmetrically placed with respect to a microstrip line, to obtain a dual notch response. Close frequencies or spans as wide as 2 GHz can be obtained depending on the internal complexity and the edge side.
Development of a Structured Cooking Program for Clients at the Senior Care Centres: A Mix-Method Feasibility Study
Authors: Ng Rachel Min Wen , Chua Grace Mei En , Hong Clement , Tay Therese Marie , Xu Tianma
Published: November 2024

A 7-week group-based cooking program led by an occupational therapist was developed for older adult clients in Senior Care Centres (SCCs) in Singapore. This study aimed to test this cooking program's feasibility and clinical effects in a SCC. A mixed-methods study design was implemented over 3 months. Eligible participants were screened for participation. Feasibility was assessed by recording recruitment, attendance and attrition rates. Pre- and post-assessments at three time points were conducted to measure functional changes. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA software, and all interviews were audio-recorded with permission and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Six out of seven participants completed the program with a high attendance rate (80.4%). Participants demonstrated improvements in physical functions and community mobility immediately after the intervention and at a one-month follow-up. Participants shared their motivational factors for participating and demonstrated positive changes in lifestyle routines, dietary habits, and nutritional knowledge. Social and personal factors were found to play a crucial role in their compliance and active participation in the program. Our finding suggests that a structured cooking program for older adults at an SCC is acceptable and feasible in Singapore. Fine-tuning of the program content is necessary before conducting a larger trial.
Relationships of Functional Tests of a Field-Based Test Battery for the Identification of Athletes at Risk for ACL Injury: An Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Tsarbou Charis , Liveris Nikolaos I. , Xergia Sofia A. , Papageorgiou George , Sideris Vasileios , Giakas Giannis , Tsepis Elias
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: There is a need for a parsimonious test battery to efficiently assess the functional performance of athletes without redundant measurements. This study investigates the interrelationships between elements of an experimental field-based test battery during pre-season assessment (PA), with the purpose of enhancing comprehension of the underlying structure of the assessed variables and suggesting guidelines for the tests incorporated in a PA; (2) Methods: Sixty-two professional athletes performed a PA included strength, hop and core stability tests and evaluation of landing performance through kinetic and electromyographic data; (3) Results: For the dominant lower limb, the factor analysis resulted in 6 factors, explaining 79,04 % of the variance including core stability, Ground Reaction Forces, Dynamic balance, Hamstrings Strength, Quadriceps-Hamstring EMG ratio and Quadriceps performance. For the non-dominant lower limb, factor analysis resulted in 5 factors, explaining 76,60 % of the variance including Core stability, Dynamic balance, Ground Reaction Force, Quadriceps-Hamstring EMG ratio and Quadriceps - Abductors Strength. LESS was loaded with various factors. (4) Conclusions: Given the need for efficient field-based assessments that can be repeated throughout the season without sacrificing data quality, we suggest incorporating LESS, the prone bridge test, and force plate-based landing performance evaluation as key elements of the PA.
A Brief History of Ferritin, an Ancient and Versatile Protein
Authors: Arosio Paolo , Cairo Gaetano , Bou-Abdallah Fadi
Published: November 2024

Ferritin is among the earliest proteins to be purified, named, and characterized, owing to its unique properties that continue to captivate researchers. First identified and purified through crystallization in 1937, ferritin has since drawn significant attention for its critical role in iron metabolism and regulation, as well as its diverse biological and technological applications. To date, more than 40,000 publications have explored this remarkable protein. Its fascinating history offers a window into the evolution of biochemical techniques developed over the past eight decades.
Exploring the Potential of AI-Assisted Technology in Joint Range-of-Motion Measurements: A Reliability Study
Authors: Lee Gisoo , Tan Eric W.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Measuring the joint range-of-motion (ROM) is essential for diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal diseases. However, most clinical measurements are conducted using conventional devices, and their reliability may significantly depend on the tester. This study implemented an RGB-D (red/green/blue-depth) sensor-based artificial intelligence (AI) device to measure joint ROM and compared its reliability with that of a universal goniometer (UG). Materials and Methods: A single-center study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 on par-ticipants visiting the Chung-nam National University Hospital to compare the reliability of the RGB-D sensor-based AI device with that of the UG for measuring ROM. The ROM of the shoulder, hip, and lumbar spine joints was measured in 35 healthy participants in our hospital. The ROM was measured during active motion by the participants in the standing position. The ROM was meas-ured twice consecutively using the RGB-D sensor-based AI device, and the mean values were ob-tained along with other values. A clinician also measured the ROM twice using a UG. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the measurements, which was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). An ICC value greater than 0.90 indicates excellent reliability. Results: Both methods achieved good-to-excellent intra-test reliability results (ICC > 0.75) for all the joints, with the reliability being slightly higher for the RGB-D sensor-based AI method than for the UG measurements. Moreover, for both methods, the inter-test reliability was higher than good (ICC > 0.75) for shoulder and lumbar joint ROM measurements but lower than good (ICC < 0.75) for hip ROM measurements. Conclusions: This study compared the efficacies of the RGB-D sensor-based AI method and UG in measuring ROM. In the future, this RGB-D sensor-based AI method should be technologically improved, and the measurement methods and protocols should be standardized.
Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems, Negative Affect, Dysregulation and Anger Rumination as Explanatory Variables of Aggressive and Antisocial Behaviors
Authors: Toro Ronald Alberto , Zaldívar Flor , Frías Martha , García-García Juan
Published: November 2024

Aggressive and antisocial behaviors are symptomatic indicators of antisocial psychopathologies and can be explained through transdiagnostic variables applied at structural, emotional, and cognitive levels. The aim of this study was to develop a preliminary multivariate explanatory model incorporating structural (Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems [BIS-BAS], Negative Affect Trait [NA-Trait]), emotional (Emotional Dysregulation [ED]), and cognitive (Anger Ru-mination [AR]) variables underlying aggressive and antisocial behaviors in adolescents and adults. A sample of 351 male adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 25 (M = 17.81, SD = 3.11) was drawn from two educational institutions and two correctional facilities in Sonora, Mexico. Path analysis results indicated that structural, emotional, and cognitive variables are predictors of aggression and antisocial behaviors. Evidence showed associations between structural variables, specifically BIS and NA-Trait, and increased ED in reactive aggression, whereas BAS was associ-ated with increased AR in proactive and antisocial aggressive behaviors. Findings suggest that transdiagnostic model variables offer a greater explanatory capacity for aggression-related symptoms (reactive aggression R² = .35, proactive aggression R² = .28) compared to antisocial behaviors (R² = .17).
Antarctic Toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni in the South Orkney Islands: Using Stable Isotopes and Otoliths to Test Current Hypotheses About Nursery Areas and Demographic Units
Authors: Carimán Paulina , Niklitschek Edwin J , Leisen Mathieu , Garcés Cristóbal , Barra Fernando , Romero Rurik
Published: November 2024

We used otolith chemistry tools to test and complement current hypotheses about habitat use and connectivity between Dissostichus mawsoni sub-populations in CCAMLR area 48. Sagittal otoliths from 45 fish sampled around the South Orkney Islands were analysed. Their elemental (Li, Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and Ba, relative to Ca) and isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) signatures were examined in both nuclear and marginal regions, representing juvenile and adult stages, respectively. Potential nursery habitats were geo-located by comparing observed and expected δ18O values. Chemical differences between nuclear and marginal regions were indicative of ontogenetic displacements to deeper offshore habitats, suggesting a discrete habitat shift between 11 and 13 years-old. Data supported the existence of two nursery origins contributing to the study area population. Nonetheless, the location of these origins was unclear and didn not provide any direct support to the hypotheses being currently considered by CCAMLR. Thus, the location and connectivity between nursery and adult habitats, as well as their spawning site fidelity, need to be assessed before disregarding alternative hypotheses07160260Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)..
Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide Improves Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease Through Antioxidant Regulation and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Oat
Authors: Wang Zheng , Niu Kuiju , Zhao Guiqin , Zhang Yuehua , Chai Jikuan , Ju Zeliang
Published: November 2024

Leaf spot disease has become a significant limitation in oat production. 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR), a highly active brassinosteroid, plays a significant role in enhancing plant immunity against various diseases by modulating physiological and molecular responses. However, the exact mechanisms by which exogenous EBR regulates plant defense to leaf spot disease are still largely unknown. In this study, we applied various concentrations of EBR (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg·L-1) to the leaves of oat plants that were inoculated with the Drechslera avenae pathogen. The application of 1 mg·L-1 EBR significantly decreased disease index and increased chlorophyll content under pathogen inoculation, while also enhancing antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and APX) activity and reducing pathogen-induced O₂⁻ production rate and MDA content. Moreover, the enzymes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism, such as PAL, C4H, and 4CL, were significantly activated by exogenous EBR. Our transcriptomic analyses further revealed that the combination of exogenous EBR and pathogen inoculation upregulated genes involved in signal transduction (BR, ABA and MAPK), antioxidant enzyme defense systems, and phenylpropanoid and lignin-specific pathways, such as BAS1, APX, GPX, PAL, C4H, 4CL, CCR1, CAD. Together, these findings reveal that exogenous BR application can improve resistance to Drechslera avenae-induced leaf spot disease in oats by regulating antioxidant defense systems and phenylpropanoid metabolism, which may have the potential to control leaf spot disease in oat production.
Differential Expression of Proteins Involved in Skin Barrier Maintenance and Vitamin D Metabolism in Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional, Exploratory Study
Authors: Grieco Teresa , Paolino Giovanni , Moliterni Elisa , Chello Camilla , Sernicola Alvise , Egan Colin Gerard , Morelli Mariangela , Nannipieri Fabrizio , Battaglia Santina , Accoto Marina , Tirotta Erika , Trasciatti Silvia , Bonaretti Silvano , Pellacani Giovanni , Calvieri Stefano
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder influenced by proteins involved in skin barrier maintenance and vitamin D metabolism. This study compares protein expression in intra-lesional (IL) and peri-lesional (PL) skin biopsies from AD patients and examines associations between protein levels, vitamin D status, and clinical features. Forty-four biopsies from 22 AD patients were analyzed using antibody microarrays targeting 12 proteins. IL samples had significantly higher total protein levels than PL samples, with a mean difference of 77.7% (p<0.001). Several proteins, including cathelicidin, cingulin, occludin, filaggrin, and the vitamin D receptor, were upregulated in IL samples. Patients with vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml showed higher expression of CYP24A (p=0.054), alpha-catenin (p=0.043), and haptoglobin (p=0.033). Increased EASI scores (≥16) were associated with elevated expression of CYP24A (p=0.024), CYP27B (p=0.044), filaggrin (p=0.027), occludin (p=0.049), and claudin-1 (p=0.052). Multivariate regression analysis identified significant correlations between protein expression, skin prick test (SPT) positivity, and low vitamin D levels. These findings suggest that proteins related to epithelial barrier function and vitamin D metabolism are highly upregulated in IL skin regions, offering potential therapeutic targets for improving both skin barrier function and overall disease severity in AD patients.
Note on Redshift and the Principle of Conservation of Energy
Authors: Danis Francois
Published: November 2024

The energy of a photon is given by Planck’s relation and is dependent on the frequency. As the frequency drops when redshift is observed, the energy drops. This note questions the link redshift – Doppler effect, which doesn’t explain the energy drop, and will present a proposal which maintains energy conservation.
Exploring Dominating Functions and Their Complexity in Subclasses of Weighted Chordal Graphs and Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Lee Chuan-Min
Published: November 2024

Domination problems are fundamental problems in graph theory with diverse applications in optimization, network design, and computational complexity. This paper investigates {k}-domination, k-tuple domination, and their total domination variants in weighted strongly chordal graphs and chordal bipartite graphs—two well-studied subclasses of chordal graphs and bipartite graphs. We extend existing theoretical models to explore the less-explored domain of vertex-weighted graphs and establish efficient algorithms for these domination problems. Specifically, the {k}-domination problem in weighted strongly chordal graphs and the total {k}-domination problem in weighted chordal bipartite graphs are shown to be solvable in O(n+m) time. For weighted proper interval graphs and convex bipartite graphs, we solve the k-tuple domination and total k-tuple domination problems in O(n^{2.371552}log^{2}(n)log(n/δ)), where δ is the desired accuracy. Furthermore, for weighted unit interval graphs, the k-tuple domination problem achieves a significant complexity improvement, reduced from O(n^{k+2}) to O(n^{2.371552}log^{2}(n)log(n/δ)). These results are achieved through a combination of linear and integer programming techniques, complemented by totally balanced matrices, totally unimodular matrices, and graph-specific matrix representations such as neighborhood and closed neighborhood matrices.
A Review of Therapies for Clostridioides Difficile Infection
Authors: Morado Faiza , Nanda Neha
Published: November 2024

Clostridioides difficile is an urgent public health threat that affects approximately half a million patients annually in the United Sates. Despite concerted efforts aimed at the prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), it remains a leading cause of healthcare associated infections. CDI is associated with significant clinical, social, and economic burdens. Therefore, it is imperative to provide optimal and timely therapy for CDI. We conducted a systematic literature review and offer treatment recommendations based on available evidence for the treatment and prevention of CDI.
Historical Review of Research on Fisheries vs Climate Changes and Proposals for the Future in a Global Warming Context
Authors: Pérez-Rubín Juan , Pérez-Rubín Elena
Published: November 2024

This work has three main goals. The first is to present a broad historical review of the background of the international research activities dealing with fisheries and climate change, mainly in European waters. Marine environmental variability and climate changes are interconnected, being these, the main causes that determine the fluctuations in ecosystems and cyclically affect fisheries. We have recovered a selection of seminal international scientific publications from 1914-1995, which aroused great interest among the scientific community of that time, although most of these publications fall into oblivion in the 21st century. The second goal is to review the main intergovernmental impulses on climate and marine research from the 1980s to the present, detecting gaps and the lack of unanimity in some guidelines of international organizations. The third is to select proposals for the future, which include the need to promote an international retrospective on fisheries oceanography research, for at least the last hundred years. We also analyze decadal warming/cooling in the Canary Current Upwelling System (extending from NW Iberian Peninsula to Senegal), which may help understand the current rapid tropicalization of pelagic and benthic ecosystems in South European Atlantic seas.
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Primed with a Cannabidiol-Rich Extract
Authors: Battistin Lorena , Moya Luís Felipe Arantes , Ferreira Lucas Vinícius de Oliveira , Braz Aline Márcia Marques , Carvalho Márcio , Golim Márjorie de Assis , Amorim Rogério Martins
Published: November 2024

Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows promise for treating several diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. To enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs, several in vitro priming strategies have been explored. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from cannabis, has been shown to influence MSC proliferation, differentiation, and inflammatory response. This study evaluates the immunomodulatory potential of equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (EqAT-MSCs) primed with a CBD-rich cannabis extract. EqAT-MSCs (P3) were primed with CBD concentrations of 5 µM and 7 µM for 24 hours. Morphological analysis, apoptosis assays, and gene expression of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were conducted. Additionally, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) expression were evaluated in naïve EqAT-MSCs (P2–P5). Naïve EqAT-MSCs expressed both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Priming with 5 µM significantly increased the expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, while 7 µM decreased IL-1β and IL-6 expression. No significant changes were observed in other cytokines or in apoptosis assays. These findings demonstrate that naïve EqAT-MSCs express CB1 and CB2 receptors and priming with the extract modulates the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, highlighting its potential immunomodulatory role in EqAT-MSC-based therapies.
Selective O2/N2 Separation Using Grazyne Membranes: A Computational Approach Combining Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Calzada Adrià , Viñes Francesc , Gamallo Pablo
Published: November 2024

The separation of oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) from air is a process of utmost importance today, as both species are vital for numerous fundamental processes essential for our development. Membranes designed for selective molecule separation have become the material of choice for re-searchers, primarily due to their ease of use. The present study proposes grazynes, 2D car-bon-based materials consisting of sp and sp2 C atoms, as suitable membranes for separating O2 and N2 from air. By combining static density functional theory (DFT) calculations with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we address this issue through a comprehensive examination of the thermodynamic, kinetic, and dynamic aspects of molecule diffusion across the nano-engineered pores of grazynes. The studied grazyne structures have demonstrated the ability to physisorb both O2 and N2, preventing material saturation, with diffusion rates exceeding 1 s-1 across a tem-perature range of 100-500 K. Moreover, they exhibit a selectivity of ca. 2 towards O2 at 300 K. In-deed, MD simulations with equimolar mixtures of O2:N2 indicated a selectivity towards O2 in both grazynes with ca. twice as many O2 filtered molecules in the [1],[2]{2}-grazyne and with O2 representing ca. 88% of the filtered gas in the [1],[2]{(0,0)2}-grazyne. [1],[2]{2}-grazyne shows higher permeability for both molecules compared to the other grazyne, with O₂ demonstrating particularly enhanced diffusion capacity across both membranes. Further MD simulations in-corporating CO2 and Ar confirm O2 enrichment, particularly with [1],[2]{(0,0)2}-grazyne, which increased the presence of O2 in the filtered mixture by 26% with no evidences of CO2 molecules.
Identification of Endometriosis Pathophysiologic-related Genes Based on Meta-analysis and Bayesian Approach
Authors: Kang Jieun , Ahn Kwangjin , Oh Jiyeon , Lee Taesic , Hwang Sangwon , Uh Young , Choi Seong Jin
Published: November 2024

Endometriosis is a complex disease with diverse etiologies, including hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors; however, its exact pathogenesis remains unknown. While surgical approaches are the diagnostic and therapeutic gold standard, identifying endometriosis-associated genes is a crucial first step. Endometriosis-related five gene expression studies were selected from the available datasets. Approximately, 14,167 genes common to these five datasets were analyzed for differential expression. Meta-analyses utilized fold-change values and standard errors obtained from each analysis, with the binomial and continuous datasets contributing to the endometriosis presence and endometriosis severity meta-analysis, respectively. Approximately, 160 genes showed significant results in both meta-analyses. For Bayesian analysis, endometriosis-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the human transcription factor catalog, uterine SNP-related gene expression, disease-gene databases, and interactome databases were utilized. Twenty-four genes, present in at least three or more databases, were identified. Network analysis based on Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed HLA-DQB1 gene with both a high score in the Bayesian analysis and a central position in the network. Although ZNF24 had a lower score, it occupied a central position in the network, followed by other ZNF family members. Bayesian analysis identified genes with high confidence that could support discovering key diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endometriosis.
El espacio-tiempo en la enseñanza de la física
Authors: Ortiz Ibáñez Erick Rodolfo , Tuay Sigua Rosa Nidia
Published: November 2024

Más de cien años han transcurrido desde la formulación de la Teoría de la Relatividad, sin embargo, esta y otras temáticas de la física moderna, como el constructo del espacio-tiempo aún no están incluidas en los lineamientos escolares de secundaria, p. ej., en Colombia. Los currículos escolares deben estar actualizados a la vanguardia científica dado que desde ahí se incentiva a las nuevas generaciones de científicos, de modo que es importante incluir la interpretación del espacio-tiempo porque es esencial para la comprensión de la teoría de la relatividad. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo pretende generar un análisis reflexivo de la comprensión y construcción del espacio-tiempo en la física y su vinculación a la educación secundaria, detallando su importancia en la enseñanza de la ciencia. Se realizó una revisión documental entre 2012 a 2024 en las bases de datos de Scopus y Google Académico y finalmente se revisaron 20 documentos que aportan directa e indirectamente a la enseñanza del espacio-tiempo en la educación secundaria. Asimismo, esta revisión permite entrever el esfuerzo que ha realizado la comunidad académica en abordar las temáticas actuales de la física, reconociendo así que el pensamiento moderno debe estar presente en la formación científica del estudiante.
Microcredential for Physics Majors
Authors: López Jorge A. , Muñoz Jorge A.
Published: November 2024

This article describes the benefits of using microcertifications to complement undergraduate physics courses. A microcertification program developed for the physics undergraduate program at University of Texas at El Paso is described, including modules created by the Data Science Community of Practice (DSCOP) group, part of the American Physical Society Data Science Group, on topics of data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence applied to physics topics.
Implementación de indagación guiada con simulaciones PhET sobre flotación en el nivel medio superior
Authors: Cabanillas-García Pedro Oliver , Alvarado-Lemus José Alberto , Inzunza-Camacho Levy Noé
Published: November 2024

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones de los estudiantes en la adquisición de conocimientos sobre el concepto de flotación mediante la implementación de la indagación guiada utilizando simulaciones PhET. La implementación se llevó a cabo a través del diseño de Hojas de Trabajo aplicadas a tres grupos de bachillerato tecnológico ubicado en Sinaloa, México. Se realizó el análisis de las percepciones de los estudiantes hacia la indagación guiada con simulaciones PhET a través de la observación participante y la entrevista semiestructurada a través de cinco categorías propuestas. Los resultados muestran un incremento de apropiación del concepto de flotación y fomentan el trabajo colaborativo entre los estudiantes. Las conclusiones muestran que la indagación guiada con simulaciones PhET mejora significativamente la comprensión y motivación de los estudiantes, promoviendo la colaboración y el aprendizaje activo. Se identificaron desafíos en la familiarización y aplicación de las simulaciones. Los beneficios de la investigación muestran que la indagación guiada y las simulaciones PhET proporcionan una experiencia de aprendizaje interactiva y segura, que permite una compresión más profunda de conceptos y su aplicación en situaciones de la vida real.
Havayolu Yolcularının Beklenen ve Algılanan Hizmet Kalitesinin Servqual İle Ölçülmesi: Türkiye-Rusya Karşılaştırması
Authors: Faizov Firdavs , Boz Dursun
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye (İstanbul Ground Airport- İGA) ve Rusya’da (Şeremetyevo Havaalanı- Moskova) havayolu yolcularının beklenen ve algılanan hizmet kalitesinin SERVQUAL ile ölçümlenerek hizmet kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılmasıdır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu çalışmada tesadüfi olmayan yöntemlerden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 412 havayolu hizmeti alan yolcu ile anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 programıyla analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgularla Türk havayolu yolcularının Beklenen Kalite aritmetik ortalaması (x̄=3.92) iken Algılanan Kalite ortalamasının (x̄=3.81) olduğu ve yolcuların havayolu ürün hizmeti algılamalarının düşük kalitede (x̄=-0.10) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularla Rus havayolu yolcularının ise Beklenen Kalite aritmetik ortalaması (x̄=4.31) iken Algılanan Kalite ortalamasının (x̄=3.98) olduğu ve yolcuların havayolu ürün hizmeti algılamalarının düşük kalitede (x̄=-0.32) olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışma örneklemini İstanbul ve Moskova’da 412 yolcuyla yapılması, yolcuların anket ifadelerinin uzun ve sıkıcı bulmaları ile bulundukları havaalanının zaman baskısından kaynaklı olumsuzluklar çalışmanın kısıtlarındandır.
Özgünlük/Değer: İlgili alanyazında havacılık sektöründe havayolu ürünü alan yolcuların beklenen ve algılanan hizmet kalitesinin Türkiye ve Rusya karşılaştırmasının ilk kez yapılıyor olması araştırmanın özgün değeri olarak değerlendirilebilir.
İklim Değişikliğinde Önemli Bir Gündem: Yerinden Edilme ve Yeniden Yerleştirme
Authors: Çakır Sümer Gülizar
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Özellikle kıyı yerleşimlerinde görülen iklimsel afetler insanların daha iç ve daha yüksekteki bölgelere yerleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı iklimsel afet ve riskler karşısında hükümetler vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilen yeniden yerleştirmelerin neden olduğu sorunların ve bu sorunlardan yola çıkarak yeniden yerleştirmelerde önem verilmesi gereken önceliklerin ortaya konulmasıdır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Giderek artması beklenen iklimsel kaynaklı yer değiştirmelerin etki ve sonuçlarının, henüz sayıca az olan yeniden yerleştirmeler üzerinden değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle öncelikle iklimsel kaynaklı yer değiştirme biçimleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma farklı ülkelerde iklim değişikliği nedeniyle hükümetler tarafından gerçekleştirilen yeniden yerleşim projelerinin sosyal, ekonomik, kültüre, mekânsal vb. alanlarda olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlarının incelenmesine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Konuya yönelik farklı ülke örnekleri, yeniden yerleştirilen halk açısından konutta, altyapı ve hizmet sunumunda genel olarak memnuniyetin söz konusu olduğunu ancak sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlarda ciddi kayıpların ve olumsuzlukların varlığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Sınırlılıklar: Dünyada iklimsel afetler nedeniyle yeniden yerleştirmelerin belli başlı ülkeler üzerinden yapılmış olması çalışmanın sınırlılıklarındandır.

Özgünlük/Değer: İklim değişikliğinin yıkıcı etkilerinin giderek artması, daha fazla insanın yeniden yerleştirmeye tabi tutularak yer değiştirmeye mecbur kalacağı anlamına gelmektedir. Bunun için yeniden yerleştirmelerin olumlu yanlarının artırılması gerekmektedir. Örnek incelemeler yoluyla ileride meydana gelecek yeniden yerleştirme projelerinin başarılı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarması için gerekli konuların belirlenmesi araştırmanın değerini oluşturmaktadır.
Fraktal Piyasa Hipotezi Borsa İstanbul’da Geçerli mi?
Authors: Konak Fatih , Türkoğlu Diler
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Fraktal Piyasa Hipotezi’nin Borsa İstanbul’da geçerliliğinin test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada BİST Tüm Endeksi’nde faaliyet gösteren firmalardan işlem hacimleri yüksek ilk 10 firma ile işlem hacimleri en düşük ilk 10 firmanın son 10 yıl içerisindeki günlük getirileri Dönüştürülmüş Genişlik (Rescaled range, R/S) analizi aracılığıyla Hurst Üstelleri elde edilerek test edilmektedir.
Bulgular: Yapılan analizler neticesinde elde edilen bulguların tüm firmalarda H üstellerinin 0,5