bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Al-Quran Based Learning Strategy in Teaching Mathematics at Primary Education
Authors: Kenedi Ary Kiswanto
Published: July 2018

The Qur'an is our sacred to the Muslims. The Qur'an is used as a guide of life for Muslims around the world. Many lessons are learned from the Alquran. Including elementary school learning is no exception to mathematics learning. This study aims to develop mathematics teaching materials that integrate the concept of the Alquran in learning mathematics in elementary schools. The type of research is research and development. The research subjects were SDN 12 Padang Panjang city and MIS Unggul Padang Panjang city. The research instruments are evaluation sheets and observation sheets. The results of the study there is a significant improvement on the results of learning cognitive mathematics, affective and psychomotor.
Tectonic and oceanographic process interactions archived in the Late Cretaceous to Present deep-marine stratigraphy on the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia
Authors: Nugraha Harya , Jackson Christopher , Johnson Howard , Hodgson David , Reeve Matthew
Published: July 2018

Deep-marine deposits provide a valuable archive of process interactions between sediment gravity flows, pelagic sedimentation, and thermo-haline bottom-currents. Stratigraphic successions can also record plate-scale tectonic processes (e.g. continental breakup and shortening) that impact long-term ocean circulation patterns, including changes in climate and biodiversity. One such setting is the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia, which has been a relatively stable, fine-grained carbonate-dominated continental margin from the Late Cretaceous to Present. We combine extensive 2D (~40,000 km) and 3D (3,627 km2) seismic reflection data with lithologic and biostratigraphic information from wells to reconstruct the tectonic and oceanographic evolution of this margin. We identified three large-scale seismic units (SUs): (1) SU-1 (Late Cretaceous) – 500 m thick, and characterised by NE-SW-trending, slope-normal elongate depocentres (c. 200 km long and 70 km wide), with erosional surfaces at their bases and tops, which are interpreted as the result of contour-parallel bottom-currents, coeval with the onset of opening of the Southern Ocean; (2) SU-2 (Palaeocene – Late Miocene) – 800 m-thick and characterised by: (i) very large (amplitude, c. 40 m and wavelength, c. 3 km), SW-migrating, NW-SE-trending sediment waves, (ii) large (4 km-wide, 100 m-deep), NE-trending scours that flank the sediment waves, and (iii) NW-trending, 4 km wide and 80 m deep turbidite channel, infilled by NE-dipping reflectors, which together may reflect an intensification of NE-flowing bottom currents during a relative sea-level fall following the establishment of circumpolar-ocean current around Antarctica; and (3) SU-3 (Late Miocene – Present) – 1000 m-thick and is dominated by large (up to 100 km3) mass-transport complexes (MTCs) derived from the continental margin (to the east) and the Exmouth Plateau Arch (to the west), and accumulated mainly in the adjacent Kangaroo Syncline. This change in depositional style may be linked to tectonically-induced seabed tilting and folding caused by collision and subduction along the northern margin of the Australian plate. Hence, the stratigraphic record of the Exmouth Plateau provides a rich archive of plate-scale regional geological events occurring along the distant southern (2000 km away) and northern (1500 km away) margins of the Australian plate.
Vulnerability to multiple stressors in coastal communities: a study of the Andaman coast of Thailand
Authors: Bennett Nathan , Dearden Philip , Peredo Ana María
Published: July 2018

Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change have become a dominant theme in development and conservation research and work. Yet coastal communities are facing a wider array of different stressors that affect the sustainability of natural resources and the adaptive capacity of local residents. The ability of communities and households to adapt is influenced by the nature, number, and magnitude of the changes with which they have to contend. In this paper, we present the range of 36 socio-economic (i.e. economic, social, governance and conflict) and biophysical (i.e. climate change and other environmental) stressors that emerged from qualitative interviews in seven coastal communities on the Andaman coast of Thailand. These stressors were then integrated into a quantitative survey of 237 households wherein participants were asked to rate the level of impact of these stressors on household livelihoods. Ratings showed that economic and some climate change stressors – extreme weather events and changes in rainfall patterns and seasons – were scored higher than other stressors. The paper also examines the relationships between community and various individual and household characteristics – such as gender, age, livelihoods, levels of social capital, and socio-economic status – and the perceived level of impacts of various stressors on household livelihoods. Overall, community and livelihoods had the most differentiated impacts on perceptions of stressors but few other prominent patterns emerged. In conclusion, this paper discusses the implications of the results for current climate change vulnerability and adaptation policy and practice in Thailand and elsewhere.
Combinatorial Optimization of Clustering Decisions: An Application to Refine Psychiatric Diagnoses
Authors: Stevens Jordan , Steinley Douglas , Boness Cassandra L. , Trull Timothy J , trullt@missouri.edu  , Sher Kenneth J.
Published: July 2018

Using complete enumeration (e.g., generating all possible subsets of item combinations) to evaluate clustering problems has the benefit of locating globally optimal solutions automatically without the concern of sampling variability. The proposed method is meant to combine clustering variables in such a way as to create groups that are maximally different on a theoretically sound derivation variable(s). After the population of all unique sets is permuted, optimization on some predefined, user-specific function can occur. We apply this technique to optimizing the diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder. This is a unique application, from a clustering point of view, in that the decision rule for clustering observations into the diagnosis group relies on both the set of items being considered and a predefined threshold on the number of items required to be endorsed for the diagnosis to occur. In optimizing diagnostic rules, criteria set sizes can be reduced without a loss of significant information when compared to current and proposed, alternative, diagnostic schemes.
Gender Stereotypes Underlie Child Custody Decisions
Authors: Costa Luiza Lopes Franco , Esteves Ana Beatriz Dillon , Kreimer Roxana , Struchiner Noel , Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez
Published: July 2018

Using hypothetical divorce cases we examine the role of gender stereotypes in decisions about child custody. Good mothers received greater custody allocations than did good fathers across a tightly-matched pair of vignettes in three culturally-distinct samples: Argentina, Brazil and the United States (Study 1). Two follow-up studies indicated that the warmth dimension of stereotype content partly accounted for the asymmetry in custody awards: The proportion of maternal-primary custody was predicted by the tendency to ascribe warmth-related traits—such as friendliness, generosity or trustworthiness—to mothers (Study 2) and associate them to female over male nouns (Study 3). We also found that endorsing shared custody mitigated the asymmetry in custody awards documented in our studies. Together, these results highlight the interplay of stereotyped attitudes and egalitarian commitments in the context of judicial decisions about child custody.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS: EFETIVAÇÃO, DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NO BRASIL ATUAL
Authors: Godoy Arnaldo Sampaio de Moraes , Calsing Renata De Assis , Santos Júlio Edstron S.
Published: July 2018

Nesse artigo se buscou demonstrar sinteticamente, por meio da revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso, a construção histórica dos direitos sociais fundamentais. Para tanto se realizou uma (re)construção dos principais conceitos sobre a construção do Estado, do Direito e as formas de sua recepção no plano constitucional brasileiro. O objetivo principal foi demonstrar sua aplicabilidade nos casos concretos atuais e apresentar a necessidade da utilização desses direitos para a construção de uma sociedade mais igualitária e da construção de uma cidadania mais participativa no Brasil.
A TENSÃO ENTRE O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E O LIVRE MERCADO
Authors: Ruaro Regina Linden
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo é construído em torno da temática das tensões entre o direito fundamental à proteção de dados pessoais e o livre mercado. Ele busca, baseado em um estudo empírico, propor um meio de garantir o respeito a direitos e garantias fundamentais na sociedade da informação, caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento das tecnologias da comunicação e informação. Baseado em uma análise crítica da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência na temática, o presente estudo examina os sistemas de proteção de dados norte americano e europeu como parâmetros de interpretação para o direito brasileiro que padece de uma legislação específica na matéria e a consequente construção jurisprudencial, para tanto,  examina um julgado do TRJS que põe a tensão entre mercado e proteção de dados em evidência.
CSJN ARGENTINA – INCUMPLIMIENTO A FALLO DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DDHH – RESPONSABILIDAD INTERNACIONAL – CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD
Authors: Aguerre Abelardo Meza
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo analiza el reciente fallo de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación  Argentina, que en el caso “Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto s/Caso 'Fontevecchia y D'Amito vs. Argentina’” ha resuelto no acatar lo dispuesto por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, señalando que el organismo internacional carece de potestad para revocar sus fallos. Esta decisión dejó abierta la discusión acerca de cuál es el grado de obligatoriedad de las resoluciones dictadas por el órgano jurisdiccional de la Convención Americana de Derecho Humanos. ¿Acaso incumplir sus resoluciones es potestad de las Cortes Supremas de los Estados? ¿O por el contrario, al incumplir incurren en responsabilidad internacional? Por otra parte, cabe analizar el denominado ‘Control de Convencionalidad’, qué es y cuál es su verdadero alcance.
EMPRESA FAMILIAR E A GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA: BREVES APONTAMENTOS SOBRE AS ESTRUTURAS DE GESTÃO DAS EMPRESAS FAMILIARES
Authors: Garcia Ricardo Lupion , Tavares Cláudio Kaminski
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver o debate acerca da adoção de boas práticas de governança corporativa pelas empresas familiares. Para tanto, busca caracterizar, em um primeiro momento, o que são as empresas familiares, apresentando suas peculiaridades. Em seguida, busca definir a governança corporativa e suas peculiaridades na realidade jurídica e econômica brasileira. Ao final, comenta as estruturas fornecidas pela governança corporativa que podem contribuir para melhorar a relação entre os sócios e a família empresária, bem como consolidar a empresa familiar no mercado.
NORMAS INDUTORAS COMO MEIO DE IMPLEMENTAÇAO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: realidade ou ficção a partir do Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: De Azevedo Paulo Vinícius Alves , Ferreira de Freitas Hudson Couto
Published: July 2018

O objeto do presente artigo consiste em uma análise do instituto da extrafiscalidade, em matéria tributária, notadamente na seara da norma tributária indutora, como meio de implementação de políticas públicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento econômico e social. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise de políticas públicas previstas na Constituição Federal a partir da progressividade direcionada em relação ao Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano (IPTU), bem como dos comandos normativos que regulamentam esta matéria. Por fim, tomando por base a teoria de Ricardo Sanin Restrepo, bem como um julgado do Supremo Tribunal Federal, conclusão outra não se chega senão a de que as várias normas que poderia conduzir a uma efetiva implementação de políticas públicas não passam senão de comandos facilmente manipulados com o fim único de favorecer parcela da sociedade que efetivamente não demanda tal conduta governamental.
A IMUNIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Paes José Eduardo Sabo , Oliveira Maria das Graças Patrocínio
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo tem por finalidade pesquisar o conceito, a natureza jurídica e o alcance da imunidade tributária das instituições de educação, buscando os valores e princípios que fundamentam esse instituto, e identificar a interpretação que deve nortear essa imunidade, a fim de garantir maior efetividade à Constituição Federal. Serão analisadas as circunstâncias e os requisitos que a Constituição Federal de 1988 (CF/88) impôs para o gozo dessa imunidade, prevista em seu art. 150, IV, c, e levantadas as posições da doutrina e da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a matéria.
MODERN PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Authors: Khrabrova E. V. , Hizhnyak L. V.
Published: July 2018

Two key categories of pedagogical science - education and training as the next attempt of the appeal to a problem of overcoming alienation of the person from his authentic essence, forming of spiritually developed personality in the course of historical development of society are covered in article that isn’t made automatically, and requires efforts from people, and these efforts go as for creation of the material resources, objective social conditions, and on implementation opening at each historical stage of new opportunities for spiritual and moral enhancement of the person. With respect thereto the two-unity of this process giving the real chance of development of the person as persons only all set of material and spiritual resources of society is emphasized. In article the emphasis is placed on difficult, truly human task before which it is worth today - studying not only the pupil, but also the teacher most, to address information sources, the accumulated spiritual experience, making a daily feat of internal growth. Not the last place in article is allocated to a question of the democratization of education assuming orientation to a number of important pedagogical conditions: equality of members of society irrespective of a social position, a floor, national, religious, race as democratic such organization of educational process in case of which the person capable is created is inherent in an educational system is free, to think and work creatively. Also special attention is paid to today’s threat of a dehumanization, hypertrophied rationalism, loss of high moral ideals, asocial behavior of youth that, unfortunately, confirms a low performance of her education.
PECULIARITIES OF ORGANIZATION OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AND CALCULATION OF THE COST OF WORKS (SERVICES) OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Medvedeva O. V.
Published: July 2018

The building market of Russia today is formed by economic entities of various sizes and sizes: public corporations, large, medium and small market structures that carry out activities on a contractual and legal basis in the field of industrial and civil-housing construction. Implementation of a significant amount of construction, repair and installation work in the construction market is carried out by contractors and subcontractors. In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration in the business environment in the construction sector. The heavy financial and economic situation in the country, a high level of competition in the construction market and a drop in demand for construction and installation work threaten the “survivability" of a number of construction contractors. One of the key problems hampering the development of participants in the construction industry is the low profitability of construction works (services), due to the high cost of production. In this regard, the construction contracting organizations there is a need for a rational organization of the accounting system, calculation and control of the cost of construction works (services). The peculiarities of construction activity and their impact on the system of accounting and tax accounting of the cost of works (services) of construction contract organizations are considered in the article, the key methodical aspects of organization of cost accounting in organizations of construction Sphere.
FINANCIAL ASSETS OF HOUSEHOLD ESTABLISHMENTS AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF INVESTMENT RESOURCES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Strogonova E. I.
Published: July 2018

The article examines the main directions of the study due to the need to increase the work of banks to increase financial resources that allow them to allocate free capital to various sectors of the economy in order to generate income. Market transformations strengthen the dependence of the investment economic system on the financial well-being of households, require widespread use of the financial resources of the population to stimulate consumer demand, and the formation of the investment potential of the economy.The unsettling of the crown-conceptual issues of investment growth of the economy, the lack of inadequate programs to involve financial assets of households in the process of economic growth hamper the development of investment reforms in the Russian economy. The work of banks with the population on attracting free monetary capital, for the development of investment activities of banks is the main direction of the formation of longmoney. Due to insufficient funding, theproblem of updating fixed assets is very acute and painful. Due to insufficient funding, the problem of updating fixed assets is very acute and painful. Therefore, in order to additionally invest money capital in the real sector of the economy, credit institutions must find ways of cooperation to increase inflows of deposit operations. Financial assets of households are one of the main sources of capitalraising for the formation of investment resoкrces of commercial banks. Iт the modern economiс system, the aligтmant of rhe gутeral objectiver of credit institutions and the greater attraction of the client bfse,taking into account the prof table investments, will expand the tactical and strфteпic investment policy of commercial banks, as well as allocate free capital to various sectors of the economy.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF THE REGION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PECULIARITIES OF THE REGIONAL LEGISLATION
Authors: Izyumova O. N.
Published: July 2018

In the article the basic directions of influence of quality of regional legislation on investment and business activity of subjects of small and average business. The problems of fostering activity of entrepreneurship in the moment, the most important are the economy of the country as a whole and within each individual region. Since small business is more mobile, requires less investment, so less payback period. Small and medium entrepreneurship -effective development of the economy. Due to the effectiveness of entrepreneurship in the economy a direct interest in their own benefit in the development - entering new markets, increased profitability, increase in volumes of production and sales to ensure a decent standard of living and their employees. Therefore, at the legislative level, measures are taken to create a comfortable environment for business development: we have formed and refined by the Institute of public support and development of small business, open training and business centers, consulting and leasing firms, business incubators, technology parks. For example, on the territory of Russia opened industrial parks, concentrating not only investments (including joint with foreign companies and jobs). A study conducted in the framework of this article, is based on the results of the analysis which was conducted both in the structure of the SFD, and in the structure of the types.
MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX ECONOMIC SYSTEMS USING FUZZY CLASSIFIERS
Authors: Kramarov S. O. , Sakharova L. V.
Published: July 2018

Presents hybrid-fuzzy model of assessment of dynamics of a complex object (plant, industry, manufacturing complex) based on the analysis of a set of heterogeneous indicators of its condition. Ranking of dynamics of each of the parameters separately allows you to identify problem subsystem object, requiring adjustment of management.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Pimenov S. V.
Published: July 2018

The article analyzes the main financial and economic indicators of activity of the enterprises of an oil complex. Given the fact that the oil and gas sector are the main suppliers of tax revenues to the Russian budget, the topic is very relevant. The system of taxation of oil production has been a major change in the transition from a flat, uniform tax rate on mining to a complex formula that takes into account the specific conditions of production of hydrocarbons (tax reform 2014). In addition, for the oil has increased base rate of mineral extraction tax and reduced the export duty on oil. Most of the existing taxation has become burdensome especially for the oil companies, contrary to the task of stimulating the production and entails risks of production decline and develop new fields. In addition to the changes at the legislative level, addresses the issue of a tax on financial result or the tax on additional income, which will be aimed at the withdrawal of the windfall profits of these companies. Examines indicators of production and refining of oil, the problems and prospects of oil companies. Parsed as it is not reflected in simple market situation (growth of the dollar, the increase in tax rates, reduction of prices on oil) for their financial condition.
THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE OF MODERNIZATION OF NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
Authors: Sokolov A. A.
Published: July 2018

The article analyzes the main global health systems, their advantages and disadvantages. The evaluation of the introduction of each of them in reality. Recommendations for modernization of the national health system, which should be focused on the creation of effective national systems capable to provide the population with timely preventive measures, accessible and quality medical care, using medical science, rehabilitation and sanatorium-resort help. The task of providing free medical care to population throughout the Russian Federation in the conditions of insufficient financial support. Therefore, it is necessary to abandon single-payer systems to return to budgetary funding, to reinforce the insurance character of the OMC, to ensure the priority of quality indicators of health system efficiency, to ensure the continuity of the work of the modern Russian model of financing of the health sector of the country. The main conclusions of the study are the need to implement an alternative to the liberal-market approach to health reform ecosystem approach, to develop the ecosystem public health, involving its fuel economic modernization based on the achievements of the Semashko system. Applying this approach, it should abandon the mindless copying elements of Western health systems and to identify cooperative segments.
PATHOGENY OF THE OTHELLO SYNDROME
Authors: Chumicheva N. V.
Published: July 2018

The paper analyzes the symptoms and signs of the pathological jealousy, its diagnostic and treatment complex of measures, its socially dangerous risk factors, course of the jealousy disease’s phenomenology in schizophrenic patients on the examples of classical outpatient and clinical cases. Special attention is paid to jealous and obsessive-compulsive men, who are inclined to dramatization and theatricalization of affective outbursts of deviant behavior. The complex setbacks of the Othello syndrome in its late stages as well as documentary cases of bringing suffering women to suicide are described. The article’s content explains the variations of the jealous men’s subconscious tries to avoid understanding of the inconsistency of their “evidences” of mythical betrayals. The most typical diseases associated with the Othello syndrome are enumerated in the given article. The connection between the psychiatric anamnesis and the degree of active disease recurrences of jealousy is given. Verbal examples of typical fantasies of jealous people “with a background experience” are fixed, as well as the main paradoxical plots of their evidence base. The paradigmatic cases of jealousy objects to prove their love and devotion are usually initiated in vain, the psychological irrational groundings for the impossibility of the unfaithful spouse “rehabilitating” in the eyes of a person with progressive Othello syndrome are mentioned.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND REGIONAL WAGES OF EMPLOYEES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Ledeneva M. V. , Gutareva A. A.
Published: July 2018

The article considers the average monthly real wages and salaries of employees of the Southern Federal District in the period 2013-2016. To assess the types of economic activity from the point of view of remuneration for the year 2016, the data are ranked into four groups, where later, outsider industries and leading spheres of economic activity were identified. In the conditions of the transition economy, one of the topical and acute problems is the problem of labor remuneration, the solution of which predetermines the growth of the material and physical well-being of company personnel, as well as the level and prospects for the development of economic entities in the region. At the same time, it should be noted that the existing system of labor remuneration for firms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Russian Federation does not allow to properly provide a sufficient level of motivation for the staff of organizations, which leads to insufficient labor productivity. Thus, increasing the efficiency of economic entities should be considered through the prism of increasing the level of staff salaries through the economic interest of the personnel of economic entities. The reasons stipulating the problems of sectoral and regional differentiation of labor remuneration in the Russian Federation are considered, and later the ways of solution are suggested.
POLITICAL PREFERENCES OF THE COSSACKS AND THE PEASANTRY OF THE DON ARMY REGION ON THE EVE AND DURING THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917-1918
Authors: Tikidzhyan R. G.
Published: July 2018

The author reveals in the context of the analysis of the work of historians existing in the Soviet and modern historiography the main problems of Cossack and non-resident population of the don, analyzes the political preferences and sympathies of the Cossacks and the peasantry of the don Cossacks before and during the revolution of 1917-1918гг, determining the value of discussion and unexplored issues of this important topic. Specifics of the process of regional patogeneza all the main political directions. Defined: among some of the frontline (the average of the Cossack middle peasants) and Cossacks, and especially of the poor in 1917-1919.g became popular and the idea of popular Soviet and socialist democracy. It is concluded that many factors contributed to the aggravation of contradictions between different social groups of the Cossacks and Cossack, the peasant and the provinces, the working population of the region. The lack of understanding, lack of experience of the culture of political and social compromise, mutual concessions complex interweaving of elements of the century and inter-class hatred, sometimes burdened with ethno-cultural and inter-religious hostility, severity and complexity “of the agrarian question", belittling the status of non-resident and working population of the region, has led to a gradual slide towards bloody civil war. “Don Vendee" in the end, was the beginning of the global Russian civil war.
SAVING THE POPULATION OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY AS A SOURCE OF ITS INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kravchenko N. P. , Berlin S. I.
Published: July 2018

The article outlines conceptual approaches to diagnosing the investment and financial potential of population savings as a key component of the region’s investment and financial potential. The structure of money incomes of the population and investment characteristics of savings of the population of the Krasnodar Territory in the context of the formation of strategic competitive priorities in the system of social and economic development of the territory are disclosed.
ABSTRACT ALGEBRA FORMALISMS AND ECONOMIC TERMINOLOGY POLYSEMY
Authors: Tarasov B. N.
Published: July 2018

Concepts and methodologies of contemporary abstract algebra are being used by scientists in various fields of knowledge.Connections between abstract algebra and economic theory turn out to be extremely practical ones. At the heart of modern abstract algebra lie logic (nowadays, no doubt, digital,) and graph theory. That’s why these subjects must be taught both theoretically profoundly and at the same time sufficiently elementary for the students.
HUMAN CAPITAL: ESSENCE AND ROLE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Yarushkina E. A. , Kobeleva A. A.
Published: July 2018

In this article, the concept of human capital, its structural elements from the point of view of various authors, is considered. The author has studied the characteristic features of human capital, distinguishing it from other types of capital. The article also considers the features of the human capital of the organization, the methods of its evaluation, defines the role of human capital in improving the efficiency of the organization, and also reveals that the effectiveness of human capital management depends on the mobility of labor resources. As a result of the research, the author presented the model of human capital management of the organization.
SMALL BUSINESS: THE APPLICATION OF SPECIAL TAX REGIMES
Authors: Chumakova N. A. , Andreiko M. N.
Published: July 2018

Small business is an important sector of the market economy of any state, due to a number of objective reasons. As a result of the development of small and medium-sized businesses, new jobs are created, new sources of income appear in the structure of the household budget, the social burden in the expenditure part of the budget decreases. Thus, in the system of economic relations, small business can solve a number of social issues aimed at increasing employment and welfare of citizens. In addition, a small business allows to adapt the production to changing circumstances and thereby respond quickly to market needs; makes products cost-competitive and as a result, a layer of small business for the state is a major source of tax revenue. Today to subjects of small business according to the legislation are offered a number of the systems of the taxation and tax privileges directed on optimization and minimization of the taxation of these categories of taxpayers for the purpose of the state support of their activity. The article analyzes the existing special tax regimes for small businesses, identifies the advantages and limitations of each of them.
Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersini Alan Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Sınıfta Kullandıkları Materyal Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ONUR SEZER Gönül
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının, Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersi sürecinde öğretim materyali kullanma tercihleri ve bu materyalleri kullanma ilkelerine uygun olarak kullanma yeterliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Öğretmen adaylarının ders anlatırken kullandıkları materyaller, Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersi kapsamında gittikleri uygulama okullarında konu anlattıkları sırada aynı sınıfa giren diğer öğretmen adayı tarafından çekilen videolardan oluşan dokümanların incelenmesiyle betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 16 kadın,  4 erkek sınıf öğretmeni öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan materyal tercihleri ve kriterleri formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler incelendiğinde öğretmen adaylarının büyük çoğunluğunun (N=13) “Yazı Tahtası” kullandıkları görülmektedir. Bunu 12 öğretmen adayı ile “Çalışma kâğıdı” takip etmektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının 8’i “Ders Kitabı”,  7’si “Basit araçlar”, 5’i de “Akıllı Tahta” materyalini ders anlatımı sırasında kullanmaktadır. “Yazı Tahtasını” ders anlatımında materyal olarak kullanan öğretmen adaylarının %46.2’si tahta kullanım kurallarına uygun kullanmış, %30.8’i kısmen uygun kullandığı video kayıtlarından tespit edilmiştir.
A micropolar model for the analysis of dispersive waves in chiral mass-in-mass lattices
Authors: Bacigalupo A. , Gambarotta L.
Published: July 2018

The possibility of obtaining band gap structures in chiral auxetic lattices is here considered and applied to the case of inertial locally resonant structures. These periodic materials are modelled as beam-lattices made up of a periodic array of rigid rings, each one connected to the others through elastic slender ligaments. To obtain low-frequency stop bands, elastic circular resonating inclusions made up of masses located inside the rings and connected to them through an elastic surrounding interface are considered and modeled. The equations of motion are obtained for an equivalent homogenized micropolar continuum and the overall elastic moduli and the inertia terms are given for both the hexachiral and the tetrachiral lattice. The constitutive equation of the beam lattice given by the Authors [15] are then applied and a system of six equations of motion is obtained. The propagation of plane waves travelling along the direction of the lines connecting the ring centres of the lattice is analysed and the secular equation is derived, from which the dispersive functions may be obtained.
An ideal model for stress-induced martensitic transformations in shape-memory alloys
Authors: Marino Michele
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a novel model for stress-induced martensitic transformations in shape-memory alloys is proposed. Accordingly, the constitutive pseudo-elastic behavior of these materials is described. The model accounts for the possible co-existence of austenitic/martensitic phases and for asymmetric response in tension and compression (both for transformation and stiffness properties). The model is developed under the assumption of ideal behavior during martensitic transformation, and the predicted response is governed by few parameters, standard in the context of shape-memory alloys' constitutive models, that can be straightforwardly identified from experimental data. Moreover, proposed modeling framework opens to the investigation on the effects of non-linear transformation lines in phase diagrams and of temperature-dependent transformation strains.
Flaw-tolerance of nonlocal discrete systems and interpretation according to network theory
Authors: Infuso A. , Paggi M.
Published: July 2018

Discrete systems are modeled as a network of nodes (particles, molecules, or atoms) linked by nonlinear springs to simulate the action of van der Waals forces. Such systems are nonlocal if links connecting non-adjacent nodes are introduced. For their topological characterization, a nonlocality index (NLI) inspired by network theory is proposed. The mechanical response of 1D and 2D nonlocal discrete systems is predicted according to finite element (FE) simulations based on a nonlinear spring element for large displacements implemented in the FE programme FEAP. Uniaxial force-displacement responses of intact and defective systems (with links or nodes removed) are numerically simulated. Strain localization phenomena, size-scale effects and the ability to tolerate defects are investigated by varying the degree of nonlocality.
Crack detection in beam-like structures by nonlinear harmonic identification
Authors: Casini Paolo , Vestroni Fabrizio , Giannini Oliviero
Published: July 2018

The dynamic behavior of beam-like structures with fatigue cracks forced by harmonic excitation is characterized by the appearance of sub and super-harmonics in the response even in presence of cracks with small depth. Since the amplitude of these harmonics depends on the position and the depth of the crack, an identification technique based on such a dependency can be pursued: the main advantage of this method relies on the use of different modes of the structure, each sensitive to the damage position in its peculiar way. In this study the identification method is detailed through numerical examples tested on structures of increasing complexity to evaluate the applicability of the method to engineering applications. The amount of data to obtain a unique solution and the optimal choice of the observed quantities are discussed. Finally, a robustness analysis is carried out for each test case to assess the influence of measuring noise on the damage identification.
Mixed methods for viscoelastodynamics and topology optimization
Authors: Maurelli Giacomo , Maini Nadia , Venini Paolo
Published: July 2018

A truly-mixed approach for the analysis of viscoelastic structures and continua is presented. An additive decomposition of the stress state into a viscoelastic part and a purely elastic one is introduced along with an Hellinger-Reissner variational principle wherein the stress represents the main variable of the formulation whereas the kinematic descriptor (that in the case at hand is the velocity field) acts as Lagrange multiplier. The resulting problem is a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) because of the need to introduce static Lagrange multipliers to comply with the Cauchy boundary condition on the stress. The associated eigenvalue problem is known in the literature as constrained eigenvalue problem and poses several difficulties for its solution that are addressed in the paper. The second part of the paper proposes a topology optimization approach for the rationale design of viscoelastic structures and continua. Details concerning density interpolation, compliance problems and eigenvalue-based objectives are given. Worked numerical examples are presented concerning both the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic structures and their topology optimization.
Dynamic rock fragmentation: thresholds for long runout rock avalanches
Authors: Bowman E.T.
Published: July 2018

The dynamic fragmentation of rock within rock avalanches is examined using the fragmentation concepts introduced by Grady and co-workers. The analyses use typical material values for weak chalk and limestone in order to determine theoretical strain rate thresholds for dynamic fragmentation and resulting fragment sizes. These are found to compare favourably with data obtained from field observations of long runout rock avalanches and chalk cliff collapses in spite of the simplicity of the approach used. The results provide insight as to the energy requirements to develop long runout behaviour and hence may help to explain the observed similarities between large rock avalanches and much smaller scale chalk cliff collapses as seen in Europe.
Static assessment of brittle/ductile notched materials: an engineering approach based on the Theory of Critical Distances
Authors: Louks R. , Askes H. , Susmel L.
Published: July 2018

Engineering components often contain notches, keyways or other stress concentration features. These features raise the stress state in the vicinity of their apex which can lead to unexpected failure of the component. The Theory of Critical Distances has been proven to predict accurate results, but, conventionally, requires two key ingredients to be implemented: the first is a stress-distance curve which can be obtained relatively easily by means of any finite element software, the second is two additional material parameters which are determined by running appropriate experiments. In this novel reformulation, one of these additional parameters, namely the critical distance, can be determined a priori, allowing design engineers to assess components whilst reducing the time and cost of the design process. This paper investigates reformulating the Theory of Critical Distances to be based on two readily available material parameters, i.e., the Ultimate Tensile Strength and the Fracture Toughness. An experimental data base was compiled from the technical literature. The investigated samples had a range of stress concentration features including sharp V-notches to blunt U-notches, and a range of materials that exhibit brittle, quasi-brittle and ductile mechanical behaviour. Each data set was assessed and the prediction error was calculated. The failure predictions were on average 30% conservative, whilst the non-conservative predictions account for less than 10% of the tested data and less than 2% of the non-conservative error results exceed -20%. It is therefore recommended that a safety factor of at least 1.2 is used in the implementation of this version of the Theory of Critical Distances.
Use of FBG sensors for monitoring cracks of the equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice
Authors: Felli F. , Brotzu A. , Pilone D. , Vendittozzi C.
Published: July 2018

The Bartolomeo Colleoni monument suffered for years damage from the local climate. The process of restoring the Colleoni equestrian statue, started in 2003, allowed to understand how the bronze statue was originally cast and manufactured and the techniques used in its construction. During this process a relevant crack on the right foreleg was investigated in correspondence of the cast-on joining the right foreleg to the front portion of the horse body. The crack was investigated experimentally by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, avoiding any modelling because of the very complex structure of the statue. An array of FBG sensors connected in series was glued on the crack with the aim of capturing live information about the effect of applying stress on the crack opening. The monitoring system was successfully tested during repositioning of the RIDER on the horse and is available for long term inspection of the crack opening evolution.
Effect of the model’s geometry in fretting fatigue life prediction
Authors: Vázquez J. , Navarro C. , Domínguez J.
Published: July 2018

This paper analyses the influence that the type of geometry used to obtain the stress/strain fields in a cylindrical contact has on fretting fatigue life predictions. In addition, this work considers the effect that the fatigue crack shape assumed has on these fretting fatigue life predictions. The strain/stress fields are calculated using a series of finite elements models that consider the following three types of behaviour: plane stress, plane strain (2D geometries) and 3D. Each of these models gives a different crack initiation life and a different evolution of the stress intensity factor (SIF), which are calculated using the weight function method. These models therefore provide different fretting fatigue life predictions. Finally, the lives obtained using the numerical models are compared with experimental lives.
On the use of the Theory of Critical Distances to estimate the dynamic strength of notched 6063-T5 aluminium alloy
Authors: Yin T. , Tyas A. , Plekhov O. , Terekhina A. , Susmel L.
Published: July 2018

In this paper the so-called Theory of Critical Distances is reformulated to make it suitable for estimating the strength of notched metals subjected to dynamic loading. The TCD takes as its starting point the assumption that engineering materials’ strength can accurately be predicted by directly post-processing the entire linear-elastic stress field acting on the material in the vicinity of the stress concentrator being assessed. In order to extend the used of the TCD to situations involving dynamic loading, the hypothesis is formed that the required critical distance (which is treated as a material property) varies as the loading rate increases. The accuracy and reliability of this novel reformulation of the TCD was checked against a number of experimental results generated by testing notched cylindrical bars of Al6063-T5. This validation exercise allowed us to prove that the TCD (applied in the form of the Point, Line, and Area Method) is capable of estimates falling within an error interval of ±20%. This result is very promising especially in light of the fact that such a design method can be used in situations of practical interest without the need for explicitly modelling the non-linear stress vs. strain dynamic behaviour of metals.
Fracture-Safe and Fatigue-Reliable Structures
Authors: James M. N.
Published: July 2018

Learning from history is, by popular account, something at which human beings are not particularly good; George Bernard Shaw having stated that “we learn from history that we learn nothing from history”, while the Spanish philosopher George Santayana apparently claimed that “those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it”.1 This is certainly true in the field of structural integrity where, some 150 years after the first full-scale structural fatigue tests were carried out, fracture-safe and fatigue-reliable design can be achieved to a statistical probability in complex and sophisticated structures, such as aircraft. Alongside this, however, failures of large, and expensive, welded structures can still occur from such simple causes as inadequate communication, and lack of awareness of the importance of the design of structural details to the overall fatigue life and failure. This paper considers several examples of such difficulties in the context of the development of fatigue design philosophies and the success or otherwise of learning from the history of failures.
Failure of cargo aileron’s actuator
Authors: Zucca G. , Amura M. , Allegrucci L. , Bernabei M.
Published: July 2018

During a ferry flight, in a standard operation condition and at cruising level, a military cargo experienced a double hydraulic system failure due to a structural damage of the dual booster actuator. The booster actuator is the main component in mechanism of aileron’s deflection. The crew was able to arrange an emergency landing thanks to the spare oil onboard: load specialists refilled the hydraulic reservoirs. Due to safety concerns and in order to prevent the possibility of other similar incidents, a technical investigation took place. The study aimed to carry out the analysis of root causes of the actuator failure. The Booster actuator is composed mainly by the piston rod and its aluminum external case (AA7049). The assembly has two bronze caps on both ends. These are fixed in position by means of two retainers. At one end of the actuator case is placed a trunnion: a cylindrical protrusion used as a pivoting point on the aircraft. The fracture was located at one end of the case, on the trunnion side, in correspondence to the cap and over the retainer. One of the two fracture surfaces was found separated to the case and with the cap entangled inside. The fracture surfaces of the external case indicated fatigue crack growth followed by ductile separation. The failure analysis was performed by means of optical, metallographic, digital and electronic microscopy. The collected evidences showed a multiple initiation fracture mechanism. Moreover, 3D scanner reconstruction and numerical simulation demonstrated that dimensional non conformances and thermal loads caused an abnormal stress concentration. Stress concentration was located along the case assy outer surface where the fatigue crack originated. The progressive rupture mechanism grew under cyclical axial load due to the normal operations. Recommendations were issued in order to improve dimensional controls and assembly procedures during production and overhaul activities. KEYWORDS.