bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood and memory: the river running through us
Authors: Charles Marilyn
Published: August 2022

Identity forms in relation to the interpersonal narratives through which our histories are constructed. Psychoanalysis affords opportunities to reconsider important relationships from different vantage points and to recognise how these relationships have informed meanings and being. Entering psychoanalysis invites direct engagement with this universe of childhood, memory, meanings and also the gaps left by trauma and neglect. In this article, I consider ways in which those gaps have been active forces driving my journey towards a more competent, facilitative and generative mentoring than had been available to me. Revisioning my story entailed an exploration of the ways in which my mother’s absent presence haunted me almost invisibly, so that the threads were left to emerge and transform over time in relation to my own development. This transformation was made possible by psychoanalysis and self-analysis, and also through meeting my mother from the other side, so to speak, as I found myself at the maternal edge of the various developmental precipices she and I had traversed together. This process of re-envisioning has left its mark in ways that now call to others needing a type of validation that has not been easily forthcoming. I will discuss how a process of marked mirroring enabled one woman to find what she needed in me in ways that enhanced the development of each. That experience has informed my current ideas regarding pedagogy and the ways in which an embodied, aesthetically driven maternal perspective may enhance the largely paternalistic canon of psychoanalytic thought and pedagogy.
Mothering, caring and educating: learning from experience and psychosocial pedagogy
Authors: Crociani-Windland Lita
Published: August 2022

This article takes its starting point from aspects of the author’s biography and her experiences of supervising students who have in common experiences of being so-called ‘parental’ or ‘parentified’ children. Bion’s work and biography are used to understand how working autobiographically on difficult experiences can offer containment based on learning from experience and how these efforts link to key aspects and practices of psychosocial studies. Experience, theory and practice are presented as intertwined. The premature development of parental children, with its gains and losses, provides a thread through the article that also leads to aspects of psychosocial pedagogy as a relational practice. Ethics of care are seen as providing a facilitating environment where autobiographical writing and reflexive practice add depth to learning and development. Winnicott and Benjamin’s work contribute to outlining a relational pedagogy suited to psychosocial studies, which brings external circumstances in relation to the internal world of both learner and educators, in terms of theory, ethics and practice.
High sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 by an optofluidic hollow eccentric core fiber
Authors: Tan Qin , Wu Shengnan , Liu Zhenchao , Wu Xun , Forsberg Erik , He Sailing
Published: August 2022

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), efficient real-time monitoring has become one of the challenges faced in SARS-CoV-2 virus detection. A compact all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer optofluidic sensor based on a hollow eccentric core fiber (HECF) for the detection and real-time monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2 S2) is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated. The sensor is comprised of fusion splicing single mode fiber (SMF), hollow core fiber (HCF) and HECF. After the incident light passes through the HCF from the SMF, it uniformly enters the air hole and the suspended micrometer-scale fiber core of the HECF to form a compact all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). HECF is side polished to remove part of the cladding that the suspended fiber core can contact the external environment. Subsequently, the mouse anti SARS-CoV-2 S2 antibody is fixed on the surface of the suspended-core for the sake of achieving high sensitivity and specific sensing of SARS-CoV-2 S2. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is 26.8 pM. The proposed sensor has high sensitivity, satisfactory selectivity, and can be fabricated at low cost making it highly suitable for point-of-care testing and high-throughput detection of early stage of COVID-19 infection.
Uniform solution for the diffraction by an impedance and reflectionless metasurface planar junction
Authors: Basdemir Husnu Deniz
Published: August 2022

The scattering process of waves
by a planar junction of two half-planes, one of which is impedance and
the other a reflectionless metasurface, is studied. The transition
boundary method is considered. The scattered geometric optics field is
obtained by subtracting the initial fields from the total geometric
optics field. The diffracted field is obtained by considering the
relation between diffracted and scattered geometric optics field
expressions in the transition boundary. The ultimate expressions of
the fields are examined numerically for different parameter
groups.
Probabilistically shaped polar-coded MIMO-FSO communication systems with spatially correlated fading
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Fang Jiafei , Xiao Shilin , Zheng Lizhuo , Fu Xiangyu , Hu Weisheng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the probabilistically shaped polar-coded multiple-input multiple-output free-space optical (MIMO-FSO) communication system with or without spatially correlated (SC) fading is investigated to improve transmission performance. The designed shaping-polar encoder can flexibly generate three typical shapes of distribution via shaping bits and be decoded in the conventional method. The achievable information rate (AIR) of MIMO-FSO systems with or without SC fading is evaluated to determine the number of shaping bits for the shaping-polar encoder. The non-pairwise distributions are demonstrated to be more suitable for turbulence channels than other distributions. The results show that the AIR of the shaped 4 × 4 systems even exceeds that of the uniform 4 × 5 systems in the low signal-to-noise ratio regions over strong turbulence channels. In terms of bit error rate performance, more than 15 dB shaping gains can be achieved by the shaped 4 × 4 systems compared to the uniform single-input single-output polar-coded systems. In addition, the shaped 4 × 4 systems outperform the uniform ones ranging from 1 dB to 1.9 dB over different atmospheric turbulence channels with or without SC fading, comparable to the uniform MIMO systems with one more physical receiver.
Photonic-assisted space-frequency two-dimensional compressive radar receiver for high-resolution and wide-range detection
Authors: Xu Yirong , Li Shangyuan , Zhu Zhengyuan , Xue Xiaoxiao , Zheng Xiaoping , Zhou Bingkun
Published: August 2022

Existing photonic compressive receivers have the problem of resolution deterioration when applied in wide-range radar detection. In this study, we propose a photonic-assisted space-frequency two-dimensional (2D) compressive radar receiver capable of achieving high-resolution detection in wide-range scenarios. For the space dimension, the compression process is realized by employing a spatially adaptive photonic projection basis, which guarantees complete mapping of arbitrarily delayed echoes—the key to high-resolution wide-range detection. For the frequency dimension, photonic compressive sensing is employed to further compress the bandwidth of the projected sparse signal. Therefore, the proposed system can achieve wide-range radar detection without resolution deterioration with compressed output. Herein, with two channels of 630 MHz outputs, high-resolution distance detection within a range of 21 km with a resolution of up to 2.3 cm is achieved. Moreover, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of two sets of four-point turntables distributed within the range of 21 km with a resolution of 2.3 cm × 5.7 cm is realized. The proposed photonic-assisted 2D compressive radar receiver is a viable solution to overcome the tradeoff between detection resolution and range of existing photonic compressive receivers, which indicates a path for the further development of high-resolution wide-range radar detection.
Dynamic nonlinearity errors in laser Doppler vibrometer measurements induced by environmental vibration and error correction
Authors: Cheng Lu , Ziyi Xu , Guodong Liu , Bingguo Liu , Fengdong Chen , Yu Gan , Binghui Lu
Published: August 2022

Laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) are widely used for vibration testing in various fields. Nonlinearity errors are the key factor affecting the measurement accuracy of LDVs. The conventional Heydemann method cannot correct nonlinearity errors produced by noisy environments. Thus, we establish a novel model to describe dynamic nonlinearity errors produced in noisy environments and propose a compensation method to mitigate signal distortion. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by performing both simulations and experiments. The results of experiments carried out in a noisy environment indicate that the proposed method suppresses the nonlinearity to 30 nm compared to 737 nm using the conventional Heydemann correction. The proposed method can improve the accuracy of LDV measurements in industrial environments.
Dual-function photonic spin Hall effect sensor for high-precision refractive index sensing and graphene layer detection
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Yin Xiaoxing , Zhao Hongxin
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) sensor for high-precision refractive index (RI) detection and graphene layer number detection is proposed. Numerical analysis is performed by the transfer matrix method. The graphene material is introduced into the layered topology to stimulate the generation of PSHE phenomenon, and both H polarization and V polarization displacements occur simultaneously. The effects of parameters such as chemical potential, relaxation time, and external temperature on the PSHE shift are also discussed. The displacement of H polarization can be used for RI detection, and the measurement range (MR), sensitivity (S), figure of merit (FOM), and detection limit (DL) are 1.1-1.5, 127.85 degrees/RIU, 2412, and 2.08×10−5, respectively. The superior sensing performance provides a theoretical possibility for the detection of solids, liquids, and gases. The shift characteristic of V polarization is appropriate for detecting the number of layers in graphene, with a MR and S of 1-9 layers and 4.54 degrees/layer. The impacts of dielectric loss on sensor performance are also considered. We hope that the proposed PSHE multifunctional sensor can improve a theoretical idea for novel sensor design.
Spherical crown diffraction model by occlusion utilizing for a curved holographic display
Authors: Liu Chengmin , Wang Jun , Wu Yang , Lei Xiangli , Wang Peiding , Han Han , Chen Chun
Published: August 2022

The information of occlusion culling in the spherical holography has been ignored or discarded for a long time. However, the information of the occlusion could be utilized, which has never been considered before. In this paper, a spherical crown diffraction model for a curved holographic display is proposed by occlusion utilizing. In the proposed spherical crown diffraction model, the method of occlusion utilizing is realized firstly, which is based on an optical-path-select function to remain the desired light information. Based on the method of occlusion utilizing, a spherical crown diffraction model for curve holographic display is proposed by further analyzing the optical propagation geometry relationship. This proposed diffraction model not only retains the advantage of a conventional diffraction model with a large view angle of 360°in the azimuth direction, but also improves the view angle in the latitude direction. Besides, the proposed model by occlusion utilizing has higher optical utilization than that model by occlusion culling. Furthermore, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model are verified by numerical simulations. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a method and an application are proposed to utilize the occlusion.
Enantiodiscrimination of chiral molecules via quantum correlation function
Authors: Zou Fen , Chen Yu-Yuan , Liu Bo , Li Yong
Published: August 2022

We propose a method to realize enantiodiscrimination of chiral molecules based on quantum correlation function in a driven cavity-molecule system, where the chiral molecule is coupled with a quantized cavity field and two classical light fields to form a cyclic three-level model. According to the inherent properties of electric-dipole transition moments of chiral molecules, there is a π-phase difference in the overall phase of the cyclic three-level model for the left- and right-handed chiral molecules. Thus, the correlation function depends on this overall phase and is chirality-dependent. The analytical and numerical results indicate that the left- and right-handed chiral molecules can be discriminated by detecting quantum correlation function. Our work opens up a promising route to discriminate molecular chirality, which is an extremely important task in pharmacology and biochemistry.
Generating double focal spots by focusing a radially polarized double-ring-shaped beam with an annular classical axicon
Authors: Loqman Ibrahim G. H. , Alkelly Abdu A. , Al-Ahsab Hassan T.
Published: August 2022

Focusing properties of a radially polarized double-ring-shaped beam with an annular classical axicon are numerically investigated based on vector Debye theory. Double focal spots and a flat-topped beam can be generated by choosing appropriate values of the pupil to the beam ratio β, numerical aperture, and annular obstruction. The distance between the twin spots, their depth of focus and the depth of the flat-topped beam are considerably affected by numerical aperture and annular obstruction. These focal shapes may find applications in laser printing, multifocal microscopy, and material processing.
Prevalence of violence and associated factors among youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Geremew Alehegn Bishaw , Gelagay Abebaw Addis , Bisetegn Telake Azale , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Abebe Solomon Mekonen , Birru Eshetie Melese , Mengistu Temiro Azanaw , Ayele Yilikal Tiruneh , Yeshita Hedija Yenus
Published: August 2022

Background

Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Data were taken from the mega project entitled assessment of common health problem and risky health behavior among youth. Youth violence was the dependent variable whereas the socio-demographic variables and substance use were the independent-variables. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence.

Results

From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population,1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariable logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR = 5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, living with mother’s only (AOR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR = 2.38,95% CI: 1.56, 3.66).

Conclusions

The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis Should be given for youth violence in order to manage the victims as well as for preventing and controlling the identified factors through strengthening policies and strategies.
Prompt HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in postpartum women is crucial for prevention of mother to child transmission during breastfeeding: Survey results in a high HIV prevalence community in southern Mozambique after the implementation of Option B+
Authors: Fernández-Luis Sheila , Fuente-Soro Laura , Nhampossa Tacilta , Lopez-Varela Elisa , Augusto Orvalho , Nhacolo Ariel , Vazquez Olalla , Saura-Lázaro Anna , Guambe Helga , Tibana Kwalila , Ngeno Bernadette , Juga Adelino José Chingore , Cowan Jessica Greenberg , Urso Marilena , Naniche Denise
Published: August 2022

Objective

World Health Organization recommends promoting breastfeeding without restricting its duration among HIV-positive women on lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART). There is little data on breastfeeding duration and mother to child transmission (MTCT) beyond 24 months. We compared the duration of breastfeeding in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children and we identified factors associated with postpartum-MTCT in a semi-rural population of Mozambique.

Methods

This cross-sectional assessment was conducted from October-2017 to April-2018. Mothers who had given birth within the previous 48-months in the Manhiça district were randomly selected to be surveyed and to receive an HIV-test along with their children. Postpartum MTCT was defined as children with an initial HIV positive result beyond 6 weeks of life who initiated breastfeeding if they had a first negative PCR result during the first 6 weeks of life or whose mother had an estimated date of infection after the child’s birth. Cumulative incidence accounting for right-censoring was used to compare breastfeeding duration in HIV-exposed and unexposed children. Fine-Gray regression was used to assess factors associated with postpartum-MTCT.

Results

Among the 5000 mother-child pairs selected, 69.7% (3486/5000) were located and enrolled. Among those, 27.7% (967/3486) children were HIV-exposed, 62.2% (2169/3486) were HIV-unexposed and for 10.0% (350/3486) HIV-exposure was unknown. Median duration of breastfeeding was 13.0 (95%CI:12.0–14.0) and 20.0 (95%CI:19.0–20.0) months among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children, respectively (p<0.001). Of the 967 HIV-exposed children, 5.3% (51/967) were HIV-positive at the time of the survey. We estimated that 27.5% (14/51) of the MTCT occurred during pregnancy and delivery, 49.0% (2551) postpartum-MTCT and the period of MTCT remained unknown for 23.5% (12/51) of children. In multivariable analysis, mothers’ ART initiation after the date of childbirth was associated (aSHR:9.39 [95%CI:1.75–50.31], p = 0.001), however breastfeeding duration was not associated with postpartum-MTCT (aSHR:0.99 [95%CI:0.96–1.03], p = 0.707).

Conclusion

The risk for postpartum MTCT was nearly tenfold higher in women newly diagnosed and/or initiating ART postpartum. This highlights the importance of sustained HIV screening and prompt ART initiation in postpartum women in Sub-Saharan African countries. Under conditions where HIV-exposed infants born to mothers on ART receive adequate PMTCT, extending breastfeeding duration may be recommended.
Cold-induced metabolic depression in cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus): A multifaceted cellular event
Authors: Gerber Lucie , MacSween Courtney E. , Staples James F. , Gamperl A. Kurt
Published: August 2022

Metabolic depression and dormancy (i.e., stopping/greatly reducing activity and feeding) are strategies used by many animals to survive winter conditions characterized by food shortages and cold temperatures. However, controversy exists on whether the reduced metabolism of some fishes at cold temperatures is due to dormancy alone, or also involves active metabolic depression. Thus, we acclimated winter-dormant cunner [Tautogolabrus adspersus, a north temperate wrasse which in Newfoundland is at the northern limit of its distribution] and winter-active Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to winter (0°C; 8h light: 16h dark) and summer (10°C; 16h light: 8 h dark) conditions, and measured the thermal sensitivity of ATP-producing and O2-consuming processes in isolated liver mitochondria and hepatocytes when exposed in vitro to temperatures from 20 to 0°C and 10 to 0°C, respectively. We found that: 1) liver mitochondrial State 3 respiration and hepatocyte O2 consumption in cunner were only ~ one-third and two-thirds of that measured in salmon, respectively, at all measurement temperatures; 2) cunner mitochondria also have proton conductance and leak respiration (State 4) values that are only approximately one-third of those in salmon; 3) the mitochondria of cunner show a dramatic reduction in respiratory control ratio (from ~ 8 to 3), and a much greater drop in State 3 respiration, between 10 and 5°C (Q10 values in 10- and 0°C-acclimated fish of 14.5 and 141.2, respectively), as compared with salmon (3.9 and 9.6, respectively); and 4) lowering temperature from 5 to 0°C resulted in ~ 40 and 30% reductions in hepatocyte O2 consumption due to non-mitochondrial respiration and Na+-K+-ATPase activity, respectively, in cunner, but not in salmon. Collectively, these results highlight the intrinsic capacity for metabolic depression in hepatocytes and mitochondria of cunner, and clearly suggest that several cellular processes play a role in the reduced metabolic rates exhibited by some fishes at cold temperatures.
A lightweight deep neural network with higher accuracy
Authors: Zhao Liquan , Wang Leilei , Jia Yanfei , Cui Ying
Published: August 2022

To improve accuracy of the MobileNet network, a new lightweight deep neural network is designed based on the MobileNetV2 network. Firstly, it modifies the network depth of MobileNetV2 to balance the image resolution, network width and depth to keep the gradient stable, which reduces the generation of gradient vanishing or gradient exploding. Secondly, it proposes an improved Bottleneck module by introducing channel attention mechanism. It assigns different weights for different channels according to the degree of relevance between the object features and channels. Therefore, the network can extract more effective features from a complex background. In the end, a new usage strategy of the improved Bottleneck is proposed. It uses the improved Bottleneck module in the second, fourth and fifth stages of MobileNetV2, and uses the original Bottleneck module in other states. Compared with MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3, ShuffleNetV2, GhostNet and HBONetmethods, the proposed method has the highest classification accuracy on the ImageNet-1K dataset, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. Compared with YOLOV4-Lite methods based on these lightweight network networks, YOLOV4-Lite based on our proposed network also has the highest detection accuracy on the PASCAL VOC07+12 dataset.
Composition and thermal processing evaluation of yeast ingredients as thiamin sources compared to a standard vitamin premix for canned cat food
Authors: Dainton Amanda N. , Miller Markus F. , White Brittany , Lambrakis Leah , Aldrich Charles Gregory
Published: August 2022

Significant improvement in thiamin retention of canned cat food has not been achieved by altering processing conditions. Some ingredients, such as yeasts, may supply thiamin able to withstand thermal processing. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate yeast ingredients as thiamin sources for canned cat food. Six yeast ingredients were screened for thiamin content, and values ranged from 9.9–4,283.8 mg/kg dry matter basis (DMB). Treatments for thermal processing were arranged as a 2×4 factorial with 2 levels of vitamin premix (with or without) and 4 yeast ingredients (NY = none and LBV, BY, or EA from the ingredient screening). Replicates (n = 3) were processed in a horizontal still retort to an average lethality of 79.23 minutes. Thiamin degradation was analyzed as a mixed model with pre-retort thiamin content as a covariate and production day as a random effect. Main effects of vitamin premix and yeast and their interaction were significant at P-values less than 0.05. The Fisher’s LSD post hoc comparison test was used to separate means. On average, experimental formulas retained 33.75% thiamin. The main effect of vitamin premix (average -42.9 mg/kg DMB) was not significant (P > 0.05). Thiamin degradation between NY (-31.3 mg/kg DMB) and BY (-33.8 mg/kg DMB) was similar (P > 0.05) whereas EA (-40.5 mg/kg DMB) and LBV (-55.6 mg/kg DMB) lost more (P < 0.05) thiamin than NY. The experimental formula of EA with vitamin premix (-70.3 mg/kg DMB) lost more (P < 0.05) thiamin than no yeast, BY, or EA without vitamin premix (average -17.4 mg/kg DMB) and all others (average -57.3 mg/kg DMB) were intermediate (P > 0.05). In summary, thiamin from yeast ingredients didn’t exhibit better thermal stability than thiamin mononitrate. However, those ingredients with similar degradation levels or uniquely high thiamin levels may provide added value.
Evaluation of sperm integrin α5β1 as a potential marker of fertility in humans
Authors: Vernaz Zoilo José , Lottero-Leconte Raquel María , Alonso Carlos Agustín Isidro , Rio Sofía , Morales Maia Florencia , Arroyo-Salvo Camila , Valiente Carla C. , Lovaglio Diez María , Bogetti María Eugenia , Arenas Gabriela , Rey-Valzacchi Gastón , Perez-Martinez Silvina
Published: August 2022

Sperm selection for assisted reproduction techniques is generally based on basic parameters, while key aspects of sperm competence and its journey from the deposition site to the fertilization site are overlooked. Consequently, identifying molecular markers in spermatozoa that can efficiently predict the fertility of a semen sample could be of great interest, particularly in cases of idiopathic male infertility. When spermatozoa reach the female reproductive tract, it provides to them the cellular and molecular microenvironment needed to acquire fertilizing ability. In this sense, considering the role that integrin α5β1 of spermatozoa plays in reproduction-related events, we investigated the correlation between the subcellular localization of sperm integrin α5β1 and early embryo development outcome afterin vitrofertilization (IVF) procedures in human. Twenty-four semen samples from normozoospermic men and metaphase II (MII) oocytes from healthy women aged under 38 years, from couples who underwent IVF cycles, were used in this work. Sperm α5β1 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay using an antibody against integrin α5 subunit. Integrin α5β1 was mainly localized in the sperm acrosomal region (45.33±7.89%) or the equatorial segment (30.12±7.43%). The early embryo development rate (data obtained from the Fertility Center) correlated positively with the localization of α5β1 in the acrosomal region (number of usable embryos / inseminated oocytes: ρ = 0.75; p<0.01 and number of usable embryos/total number of two pronuclear zygotes: ρ = 0.80; p<0.01). However, this correlation was not significant when the equatorial segment mark was evaluated. In addition, human sperm released from co-culture with bovine oviductal epithelial cells (BOEC) showed a significant enrichment in the acrosomal localization pattern of α5β1 compared to those sperm that were not co-cultured with BOEC (85.20±5.35% vs 35.00±17.09%, respectively, p<0.05). In conclusion, the evaluation of sperm integrin α5β1 immunolocalization could be a useful tool to select sperm with fertilizing ability from human semen samples before IVF procedures.
Accuracy of CT perfusion ischemic core volume and location estimation: A comparison between four ischemic core estimation approaches using syngo.via
Authors: Hoving Jan W. , Koopman Miou S. , Tolhuisen Manon L. , Voorst Henk van , Brehm Marcus , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Beenen Ludo F. M. , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M.
Published: August 2022

Background and objective

Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is widely used in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). The stability of CTP core estimation is suboptimal and varies between software packages. We aimed to quantify the volumetric and spatial agreement between the CTP ischemic core and follow-up infarct for four ischemic core estimation approaches using syngo.via.

Methods

We included successfully reperfused, EVT-treated patients with baseline CTP and 24h follow-up diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) (November 2017–September 2020). Data were processed with syngo.via VB40 using four core estimation approaches based on: cerebral blood volume (CBV)<1.2mL/100mL with and without smoothing filter, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF)<30%, and rCBF<20%. The follow-up infarct was segmented on DWI.

Results

In 59 patients, median estimated CTP core volumes for four core estimation approaches ranged from 12–39 mL. Median 24h follow-up DWI infarct volume was 11 mL. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed moderate–good volumetric agreement for all approaches (range 0.61–0.76). Median Dice was low for all approaches (range 0.16–0.21). CTP core overestimation >10mL occurred least frequent (14/59 [24%] patients) using the CBV-based core estimation approach with smoothing filter.

Conclusions

In successfully reperfused patients who underwent EVT, syngo.via CTP ischemic core estimation showed moderate volumetric and spatial agreement with the follow-up infarct on DWI. In patients with complete reperfusion after EVT, the volumetric agreement was excellent. A CTP core estimation approach based on CBV<1.2 mL/100mL with smoothing filter least often overestimated the follow-up infarct volume and is therefore preferred for clinical decision making using syngo.via.
Glucose deprivation reduces proliferation and motility, and enhances the anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in breast cell lines in vitro
Authors: Khajah Maitham A. , Khushaish Sarah , Luqmani Yunus A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Breast cancer chemotherapy with high dose alkylating agents is severely limited by their collateral toxicity to crucial normal tissues such as immune and gut cells. Taking advantage of the selective dependence of cancer cells on high glucose and combining glucose deprivation with these agents could produce therapeutic synergy.

Methods

In this study we examined the effect of glucose as well as its deprivation, and antagonism using the non-metabolized analogue 2-deoxy glucose, on the proliferation of several breast cancer cell lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231, YS1.2 and pII and one normal breast cell line, using the MTT assay. Motility was quantitatively assessed using the wound healing assay. Lactate, as the end product of anaerobic glucose metabolism, secreted into culture medium was measured by a biochemical assay. The effect of paclitaxel and doxorubicin on cell proliferation was tested in the absence and presence of low concentrations of glucose using MTT assay.

Results

In all cell lines, glucose supplementation enhanced while glucose deprivation reduced both their proliferation and motility. Lactate added to the medium could substitute for glucose. The inhibitory effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin were significantly enhanced when glucose concentration was decreased in the culture medium, requiring 1000-fold lesser concentration to achieve a similar degree of inhibition to that seen in glucose-containing medium.

Conclusion

Our data show that a synergy was obtained by combining paclitaxel and doxorubicin with glucose reduction to inhibit cancer cell growth, which in vivo, might be achieved by applying a carbohydrate-restricted diet during the limited phase of application of chemotherapy; this could permit a dose reduction of the cytotoxic agents, resulting in greater tolerance and lesser side effects.
Accessibility calculation and equality evaluation of medical facilities for COVID-19 pandemic treatment: A case study of the Wuhan metropolitan development zone
Authors: Shen Xiumei
Published: August 2022

Medical facility equality is a critical metric for determining equal access to medical care. Their spatial distribution is important for effective pandemic treatment and daily prevention in cities. This paper used the Kernel Density Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (KD2SFCA) and shortest distance methods to calculate the accessibility of designated COVID-19 Fangcang hospitals and fever clinics in the Wuhan Metropolitan Development Zone. Their equality was evaluated by the Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve. Several results were obtained: (1) The facilities’ accessibility declines radial from the central to peripheral areas. (2) Most of the demand points in the study area can reach the medical facilities for COVID-19 pandemic treatment within 60 minutes. (3) For the spatial distribution of these facilities, the equality evaluated for different time thresholds differed significantly, with long time thresholds having better equality than for short time thresholds. (4) While the distances distribution of fever clinics is balanced, the equality gap in various areas remains enormous when considering population distribution. Suggestions for optimizing the spatial distribution of pandemic treatment medical facilities in Wuhan are proposed, and which will serve as references for the planning of Wuhan’s pandemic medical facilities in the future.
Decitabine attenuates ischemic stroke by reducing astrocytes proliferation in rats
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Dan , Zhao Haihua , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2022

DNA methylation regulates epigenetic gene expression in ischemic stroke. Decitabine attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting DNA methylation. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect is not known. A model of ischemic stroke in Sprague-Dawley rats was induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion step. The rats were randomly treated with decitabine or vehicle by a one-time intraperitoneal injection. Sham rats received similar treatments. Four days after treatment, the rats were perfused with saline or 4% paraformaldehyde after which the brain was excised. DNA methylation level and brain infarct volume were determined by dot blot and histochemistry, respectively. The cellular co-localization and quantitative analysis of DNA methylation were assessed by immunohistochemistry and expression levels of cdkn1b (p27) mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The proliferation of astrocytes and number of neurons were determined by immunohistochemistry. Rats treated with decitabine showed hypomethylation and reduced infarct volume in the cortex. DNA methylation was decreased in astrocytes. Decitabine upregulated p27 mRNA and protein expression levels and attenuated the proliferation of astrocytes in vivo and vitro. Decitabine promotes p27 gene expression possibly by inhibiting its DNA methylation, thereby decreases the proliferation of astrocytes, neuronal death and infarct volume after ischemic stroke.
Onsite/online: a case study approach pivots to virtual and back with new strategies learned
Authors: Travis Stephanie , Burns Sean , Wilson Matthew
Published: August 2022

The course ‘Concepts in modern architecture’ is a hybrid between a lecture on the history of modern architecture and an interactive studio. Unlike traditional history courses that discuss many buildings per class, this one delves into a small, highly curated list of projects per session, allowing the students to develop a deep understanding of the architectural concepts used. As such, students form a critical eye to analyse buildings, and work on creative assignments that enforce and communicate these intentions. The course uses the author’s IDEA (interaction, define/draw/diagram, engage and assess) methodology as a case study approach. From this ‘learn by doing’ perspective, students emerge with knowledge that speaks to historical references while utilising their creativity and design skills to assess the works studied. The shift to remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic forced this course to shift and evolve, as faculty educators in all disciplines had to rethink their teaching methods. Thus, the online and synchronous version of this course was reimagined in a different environment, using a combination of technological and pedagogical tools that resulted in a strong learning experience with new objectives that engaged the students. Following the adaptation of this course into the virtual sphere, and then back again to the physical classroom, the article reflects on and considers the lessons learned from the experience. There is now a strong virtual course that in the future can continue to reach a broader audience, while the in-person version, which meets regularly back in the studios, has incorporated new techniques that will continue long after the pandemic is over.
A Study Regarding the Social Interactive Learning Experiences of Pre-service Teachers in the Process of Peer Discussions for English Classes
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kang JungJin
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discern implications for teacher education programs by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the experiences of elementary school pre-service teachers through peer discussions for English classes.
Methods: Personal analysis tasks on a class video and class discussions between colleagues after class demonstrations were collected as data. The data collected were analyzed using an English class evaluation tool.
Results: As a result of the quantitative analysis, the pre-service teachers discussed various and balanced topics from the peer-to-peer class discussions rather than individual analyses. As a result of the qualitative analysis, it was found that pre-service teachers showed fragmentary feedback patterns, but actively explained their English classes, solved problems through cooperative interactions, and shared the consensus of the teacher learning community.
Conclusion: Pre-service teachers learned and experienced the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for professionalism in English classes in various ways through peer discussions for English classes. For effective peer discussions for English classes, appropriate and immediate feedback from instructors and guidance on social interaction skills and methods are required.
Representación musical de un duelo a muerte. Moreira y el Alcalde en Pampa de Arturo Berutti
Authors: Musri Fátima Graciela
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se reflexiona acerca de la eficacia morfológica, dramatúrgica y estética de los elementos seleccionados por Arturo Berutti para escenificar una escena de violencia en la ópera Pampa, estrenada en Buenos Aires en 1897. Tales elementos, de naturaleza verbal, musical y escénica, alternan su preeminencia para representar el duelo a muerte con armas blancas entre el protagonista, el gaucho Giovanni Moreira, y el antagonista, el alcalde Francisco. Esta tercera escena del Acto II se erige, a la vez, en el nudo trágico culminante de toda la ópera. Para su análisis se ha mixturado un conjunto de enfoques y categorías teórico-metodológicas, combinación necesaria para abordar nuestro objeto de estudio en un recorrido holográfico. Se aplican las definiciones de dramaturgia musical y de juicio estético de Carl Dahlhaus, el concepto de representaciones culturales de Stuart Hall, el examen de los libretos y los libretistas desde la perspectiva de Della Seta, los recursos ofrecidos por Gallarati acerca de la confrontación anímica de los personajes trasuntados en los dúos y las explicaciones de Fustinoni sobre la alienación en la ópera que provoca desenlaces violentos.
Zdeněk Nebřenský, Marx, Engels, Beatles. Myšlenkový svět polských a československých vysokoškoláků, 1956–1968
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

Book review on Zdeněk Nebřenský, Marx, Engels, Beatles. Myšlenkový svět polských a československých vysokoškoláků, 1956–1968. Academia, Praha 2017, 422 s., ISBN 978-80-200-2668-2.
Výstava soudobé kultury v ČSR a Německá univerzita v Praze
Authors: Ratajová Jana
Published: August 2022

In 1928, there took place in Brno an Exhibition of Contemporary Culture whose aim was to present the successes of the first decade of the Czechoslovak state. This article investigates the way in which the German University in Prague was represented at this exhibition. On a more general level, it thus also deals with the manner in which German science was presented at this exhibition as part of Czechoslovak science.
Stavba kolejí Větrník-sever a Větrník-jih. Příspěvek k dějinám kolejí a menz Univerzity Karlovy v 60. letech 20. století
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: August 2022

This article first outlines the sources and existing literature on the history of student dormitories and canteens and then provides and general overview of the Prague dormitories of the Charles University in the 1960s and the first half of the 1970s. It describes the situation in student housing and structure of the administration of student residences. The issue of university canteens is also touched upon. The main part of the study is dedicated to the construction of university dormitories Větrník-North and Větrník-South from 1963 until 1967.
Michael Diefenbacher – Olga Fejtová – Zdzisław Noga (Hgg.), Krakau – Nürnberg – Prag. Stadt und Reformation. Krakau, Nürnberg und Prag (1500–1618) / Kraków – Norymberga – Praga. Miasto i reformacja. Kraków, Norymberga i Praga (1500–1618) / Krakov – Norimberk – Praha. Město a reformace. Krakov, Norimberk a Praha (1500–1618)
Authors: Tomczak Robert T.
Published: August 2022

Book review on Michael Diefenbacher – Olga Fejtová – Zdzisław Noga (Hgg.), Krakau – Nürnberg – Prag. Stadt und Reformation. Krakau, Nürnberg und Prag (1500–1618) / Kraków – Norymberga – Praga. Miasto i reformacja. Kraków, Norymberga i Praga (1500–1618) / Krakov – Norimberk – Praha. Město a reformace. Krakov, Norimberk a Praha (1500–1618)
(Documenta Pragensia Monographia 33/2), Praha – Červený Kostelec 2019, 424 ss., ISBN 978-80-86852-83-6.
Consuelo Naranjo Orovio, Cartas con historia. Pedro Henríquez Ureña entre América y España
Authors: Opatrný Josef
Published: August 2022

Book review: Consuelo Naranjo Orovio, Cartas con Historia. Pedro Henríquez Ureña entre América y España, Santo Domingo, Editora Corripio, 2021, 459 págs. ISBN 978-9945-613-77-3.
Zdeněk Kalkus, Kuba, Skrytá perla Karibiku
Authors: Opatrný Josef
Published: August 2022

Book review: Zdeněk Kalkus, Kuba. Skrytá perla Karibiku [Cuba. La perla oculta del Caribe], Praha, Olympia, 2021, 283, págs. ISBN 978-80-7376-629-0.
Kateřina Březinová, Latinos: jiná menšina?
Authors: Perutka Lukáš
Published: August 2022

Book review: Kateřina Březinová, Latinos: jiná menšina? Američtí Hispánci mezi Kennedym a Trumpem [Los latinos: ¿otra minoría? Los hispanos de EE. UU. entre Kennedy y Trump], Praha: Libri, Metropolitan University Prague Press 2020, 260 págs. ISBN: 978-80-7277-584-2.
Michal Zourek, Uruguay: Stručná historie států?
Authors: Nešpůrková Anna Marie
Published: August 2022

Book review: Michal Zourek, Cien años de relaciones checo-uruguayas, Červený Kostelec, Pavel Mervart 2021, 216 págs. ISBN 978-80-7465-482-4.
Aristotle on Efficient and Final Causes in Plato
Authors: Vázquez Daniel
Published: August 2022

InMetaphysicsA 6, Aristotle claims that Plato only recognises formal and material causes. Yet, in various dialogues, Plato seems to use and distinguish efficient and final causes too. Consequently, Harold Cherniss accuses Aristotle of being an unfair, forgetful, or careless reader of Plato. Since then, scholars have tried to defend Aristotle’s exegetical skills. I offer textual evidence and arguments to show that their efforts still fall short of the desired goal. I argue, instead, that we can reject Cherniss’ assertation by re-examining Aristotle’s exegetical and methodological assumptions.
Götter als Seelen? Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Numenios, Fr. 30 des Places
Authors: Krämer Benedikt
Published: August 2022

The present paper deals with a syntactic ambiguity in Numenius’ Fr. 30, 9 and proposes a new reading. According to most scholars, in this fragment Numenius tries to identify Egyptian gods and human souls descending into generation. Instead, I argue that, since theology and psychology are different topics in Fr. 3, Numenius is rather talking about the interrelation of gods and souls in the process of metempsychosis.
Accelerated relaxation behavior during water desorption in the mechano-sorptive creep of wood: modeling and analysis based on the free volume concept and Kohlausch–Williams–Watts function
Authors: Nakano Takato
Published: August 2022

The accelerated creep behavior during water desorption of wood was modeled on the Kohlausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) function and free volume concept. Assuming that the water desorption rate

dmc/dln t

$\text{dmc/dln\,t}$

is involved in the creation of a new free volume, the net creep compliance during desorption J
du(t) was obtained as 

ln

J
du

(
t
)

=

β
c

ln

t
−

β
c

(

ln

τ

c
0

+

k
f

 
dmc
/
d
ln

t

)

+
ln

J

c
∞

$\mathrm{ln} {J}_{\text{du}}\left(t\right)={\beta }_{\text{c}} \mathrm{ln} t-{\beta }_{\text{c}}\left(\mathrm{ln} {\tau }_{\text{c}0}+{k}_{\text{f}}\,\text{dmc}/\text{d}\mathrm{ln} t\right)+\mathrm{ln} {J}_{\text{c}\infty }$

where β
c, τ
c0 and J
c∞ are the stretching parameter, characteristic time of the relaxation, and long-time asymptote compliance at a constant moisture content (mc) equal to the initial mc of the accelerated creep, respectively, and k
f is the coefficient of the water desorption rate. These parameters were determined by simulation using experimental data and literature results and were found to be reasonable. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental ones. This verifies the validity of the model and its derived equations.
Imagining interdisciplinary dialogue in the European Court of Justice’s Deckmyn decision: conceptual challenges when law and technology regulate parody
Authors: Breemen Kelly , Breemen Vicky
Published: August 2022

In Deckmyn v Vandersteen, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) defined parody as an “autonomous concept of EU law” with certain “essential characteristics.” The case revolved around a parodic drawing modeled after a cover of the well-known Suske & Wiske comic book series. Building on literary theory on parody, including the work of Genette, this paper will analyze both the ECJ’s reasoning in Deckmyn and the preceding Advocate General’s opinion in this case. In search for a shared vocabulary, we will focus on the specific legal interpretation in comparison to the characteristics identified from a humanities perspective. We identify opportunities for interdisciplinary dialogue, which now remains too implicit in the legal documents. In addition, we will address the conceptual challenges posed by parody in the digital age. For instance, to what extent can parody’s nuanced characteristics be recognized by filter technologies as required by modern copyright law in the online environment that has become a catalyst for sharing creative content?