bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning for cross-jurisdictional analyses: A case study.
Authors: Azimaee Mahmoud , M. Lix Lisa
Published: August 2022

The objective of this project is to implement a harmonized artificial intelligence (AI)-based de-identification of free-text medical data across multiple Canadian jurisdictions. This federated learning approach will allow these jurisdictions to leverage each other’s data and resources while no individual-level data leaves the jurisdiction.

Federated Learning enables health data centers in different jurisdictions to collaborate in training machine learning models without sharing individual-level data. This approach will significantly reduce privacy and cybersecurity risks and barriers that are involved in sharing and moving data across different jurisdictions.

In a federated learning environment, machine learning models are trained on multiple data sources available in local data centers; local data are not shared to a central computing/analysis environment. Instead, parameters (such as model weights) are shared between these local data centers to generate a global model that will be shared and used by all participating data centers.

In this case study, four health research data centers in different Canadian provinces will take part in deployment of an AI-based application for de-identification of free-text data. The data centers are members of Health Data Research Network (HDRN) Canada.  The deployment will include:

harmonized annotation and labeling of local data,

local training of entity recognition algorithms,

integrating model weights from each data centers to create a global model

development of license agreements between the participating data centers to allow sharing model weights

This is an ongoing project. The talk will demonstrate learning experiences, advantages, and challenges in a federated learning environment and explore the feasibility of transporting this approach to other multi-jurisdiction research networks.
Analysis of disease clusters and patient outcomes in people with multiple long term conditions using hypergraphs.
Authors: Rafferty James , Lee Alexandra , Bennett Ed , Lyons Jane , Jalali-Najafabadi Farideh , Ba Dhafari Thamer , Watkins Alan , Pate Alexander , Martin Glen , Akbari Ashley , Peek Niels , Bailey Rowena
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesHaving multiple long term health conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, is becoming increasingly common as populations age. Understanding how clusters of diseases are likely to lead to other diseases and the effect of multimorbidity on healthcare resource use (HRU) will be of great importance as this trend continues.

ApproachGraph-based approaches, also called network analysis in the literature, have been used previously to study multimorbidity. The use of hypergraphs, which are generalisations of graphs where edges can connect to any number of nodes, and their application to the problem of understanding multimorbidity will be discussed. Analysis using hypergraphs was carried out using a population-scale cohort of people in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank to find the diseases and disease sets which are most important based on a measure of prevalence and measures of healthcare resource utilisation in secondary care.

ResultsThe most important sets of diseases based on the centrality of a hypergraph weighted by a measure of prevalence featured hypertension, and the most important was hypertension and diabetes. The most important sets of diseases based on the centrality of a hypergraph weighted by a measure of unplanned inpatient HRU were arrhythmia, heart failure and hypertension while for a measure of outpatient HRU the most important set of diseases was diabetes and hypertension.

ConclusionHypergraphs are very flexible and general mathematical objects and there is still a great deal of development that can be done to make them more useful in epidemiological settings and beyond.
Pandemic effects on health condition specific healthcare encounters in British Columbia, Canada.
Authors: Flindall Jason , Dhannewar Saiganesh , Skrigitil Mikhail , Chadda Siddharth , Magnus Samantha , Richards Heather , Corscadden Lisa
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWhile overall health service use declined following the start of the pandemic, the aim of this analysis is to generate insights to inform public health priorities by identifying higher-than-expected patterns of health care service use for some health condition and population groups.

ApproachHealth care encounters for hospital, emergency department, and primary care encounters between 2011 and 2021 were categorized into condition groups according to the CIHI Population Grouping Methodology (British Columbia version). Actual health condition encounters were compared with ARIMA-based encounter forecasts to identify conditions with different-from-expected encounter rates in 2020 and 2021. For each of 225 CIHI-defined health conditions, we identified health conditions for which service use was higher-than-expected. Area-based socioeconomic status and virtual care visit data are examined to further explore conditions that continue to differ from their pre-pandemic encounter patterns.

ResultsThis analysis demonstrates that some health condition groups have seen dramatic increases in service use. The three most impacted groups with higher-than-expected encounters are hypercholesterolaemia/high cholesterol [47.8% increase in average monthly encounters since 2019], emotional and behavioural disorder (w/onset generally in childhood) [+37.3%] and neurotic/anxiety/obsessive compulsive disorder [+28.0%]. Since the start of the pandemic in British Columbia, the health condition groups with both the highest volumes of services and higher than expected service use included: hypercholesterolemia & hypothyroidism, mental health conditions (eating disorder, depression, and others), hypertension and heart failure, and diabetes.  Additional descriptive analysis explores potential inequities in encounters by socio-economic status and how virtual care has changed service patterns.

ConclusionIncreased service use may reflect greater need, better access to virtual care or potential changes in diagnoses. Identifying patterns of higher-than-expected use can support program planning to address growing need in certain regions or populations.  Additional exploration will be undertaken to examine lower-than-expected service use as potential unmet need.
Evaluation of the reported data linkage process and associated quality issues for linked routinely collected healthcare data in Multimorbidity research: a systematic review.
Authors: Elstad Maria , Douiri Abdel , Røislien Jo
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe objective for this systematic review was to examine how the record linkage process was reported and to understand challenges related to accessing, linking, and analysing linked routinely collected data used for multimorbidity research.

ApproachA systematic search for relevant studies was conducted in three online databases (Medline, Web of Science and Embase) in May 2021 using predefined search terms, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies using linked routinely collected data for multimorbidity research were included. Information was extracted on how the linkage process was reported, which conditions were studied together, which data sources were used, as well as challenges encountered during the linkage process or with the linked dataset.

The findings from this study will feed into further guidance to understand and minimise bias due to linkage error in medical research.

ResultsTwenty studies were included, of which seventeen looked at the relationship between two specified long-term conditions. Fourteen studies received the linked dataset from an external data linkage provider. Hospital Episode Statistics was the most common source of data (n=5). Eight studies reported variables used for the data linkage, while only two studies reported pre-linkage checks. The quality of the linkage was assessed by three studies, of which two reported linkage rate and one reported raw linkage figures. Only one study checked for bias by comparing patient characteristics of linked and non-linked records.

ConclusionsThe linkage process was poorly reported in multimorbidity research, even though this might introduce bias and potentially lead to inaccurate inferences drawn from the results. There is therefore a need for increased awareness of linkage bias and transparency of the linkage processes, which could be achieved through better adherence to reporting guidelines.
Creating a new mental health e-cohort using the SHARE research register: Linking questionnaire, genetic and routine health data.
Authors: Iveson Matthew , Adams Mark , McIntosh Andrew
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAdvancements in mental health research depend upon continuing development of the data landscape, including the creation of population cohorts that combine different types of data from a variety of sources. The present project aimed to produce a new, multi-faceted mental health e-cohort to benefit further research.

ApproachTaking advantage of a standing research resource – the SHARE Scotland research register (N ~ 285,000) – we administered an online survey of mental health, treatment use and wellbeing. Over 10,000 individuals (Mean age = 57.16 years; 63% female) took part in the survey; all participants consented to secure linkage of their routinely-collected health records with questionnaire data and over 90% also consented to the research use of genetic data gained from diverted blood samples. We linked questionnaire responses with routinely-collected health data and genetic data within a Trusted Research Environment to create a large cohort enhanced for mental health research.

ResultsIn this presentation we describe the cohort, summarise responses to the mental health questionnaire and give some example research uses of the linked data. Focussing on depression, we contrast the prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of depression (27% of the sample) with diagnostic codes from routinely-collected hospital admission and national prescribing data and examine predictors of each.

ConclusionsCombining mental health questionnaire data, longitudinal health records, and genetic data creates new opportunities for mental health research and allows researchers to compare the utility of each data source. By making this new e-cohort available to other researchers we hope to drive advancements in mental health research.
Are children who do not receive their first Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR1) vaccination by 24 months more likely to share a household with older non-vaccinated children? Linked household-level analysis of primary care electronic health records (EHRs).
Authors: Marszalek Milena , Firman Nicola , Wilk Marta , Homer Kate , Harper Gill , Dezateux Carol
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesOnly 89.4%  of UK children receive MMR1 by age 24 months. We investigated whether children not receiving MMR1 by this age were more likely to share a household with children also not vaccinated by this age, and its variation by sex, ethnic background and area-level deprivation.

ApproachWe identified 208,907 children born between 2013-2019 and eligible for MMR1 from the primary care EHRs of 1,192,630 children registered to a general practitioner in North East London between 2001-2021.  We estimated the proportion of children and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) receiving MMR1 between 12 and 24 months of age. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) by sex, ethnicity, and deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles).  We identified all children with the same pseudonymised Unique Property Reference Numbers (pUPRNs) at the MMR1 date. We are completing analyses to calculate mutually adjusted PRs and examine household-level associations in timeliness of MMR1.

ResultsOverall, 172,319 (82.5%) of 208,907 eligible children received an MMR1 between age 12-24 months.  Non-receipt of MMR1 by 24 months was less likely in children from South Asian ethnic backgrounds (PR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.68,0.79), and more likely in those from Black ethnic backgrounds (1.43;1.31,1.56) and in those living in the most deprived IMD quintile (1.83;1.49,2.23). We identified 137,919 children with the same pUPRNs at the MMR1 date, comprising 69,892 boys (50.7%) and 41,846 (30.3%), 32,631 (23.7%), 10,793 (7.8%), 12,246 (8.9%) and 40,403 (29.3) from White, South Asian, Black, Mixed/Other and Missing ethnic backgrounds respectively. We are calculating adjusted PRs and will estimate associations between non-receipt of MMR1 in the youngest and oldest children within a household.

ConclusionOur findings suggest that non-receipt of MMR1 by 24 months is ethnically patterned and more likely in areas of higher deprivation.  Household-level analyses provide actionable insights into the characteristics of measles-susceptible households and opportunities for data-enabled primary care interventions to reduce vaccination inequalities and prevent measles outbreaks.
Barriers and facilitators of cross-sectoral data linkage to inform healthy public policy and practice: lessons from three case study projects in Scotland.
Authors: Cimova Kristina , Henderson David , Allik Mirjam , Brown Denise , Meier Petra , Mayor Charlie , Watson Nick , Craig Peter , Tweed Emily
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWe sought to describe barriers and facilitators faced by three research projects aiming to link routinely-collected data across various sectors, to produce evidence to inform healthy public policy. We conducted these case studies as a part of a wider research project on cross-sectoral sharing and linkage of secondary data.
ApproachWe selected the case studies to cover a range of target populations and datasets. The chosen projects investigated (1) the health of care-experienced children; (2) the intersection of homelessness, justice involvement, drug use, and severe mental illness; (3) multi-morbidity among adults receiving social care. Information about timelines and governance processes was collected from lead investigators, including specific barriers and facilitators encountered, using a standardised pro forma and follow-up interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out by the research team, informed by themes identified in a parallel scoping review of existing literature on evidence use for healthy public policy and practice.
ResultsEach project involved between 6 and 11 agencies, with co-ordination across multiple institutions and geographies proving challenging. Due to challenges encountered, all projects had to amend their original geographical or demographic scope. Forty-four barriers and facilitators to sharing and linkage of cross-sectoral routinely-collected data for public health research were identified. These included but were not limited to: integration of current data in an ever-changing linkage landscape; the need for timely feedback in undertaking the study; standardisation of information governance processes; highlighting the resourcing and funding issues for data linkage projects; the need for data controllers to recognise the value of such projects; and issues relating to staff turnover and workload pressures.
ConclusionThe interconnected nature of barriers and facilitators identified by the case studies suggests the importance of a whole-systems approach to cross-sectoral linkage. While literature offers relatively few case studies of cross-sectoral linkage for health research, the value of their insight into the linkage landscape derived from real-life experience is substantial.
COVID-19 vaccination rates and related outcomes in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD): An application of linked administrative health data to support Ontario’s COVID-19 response .
Authors: Troke Natalie , An Diana , Kim Eliane , Lunsky Yona , Balogh Robert , Plumptre Lesley
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesEquitable vaccine distribution was essential in supporting Ontario’s COVID-19 response, particularly for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), who have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. An Applied Health Research Question (AHRQ) request through ICES, sought to report on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in adults with and without IDD.

ApproachTo examine the proportion of adults with IDD vaccinated for COVID-19, a request from the Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services (MCCSS) was approved by the ICES-AHRQ team. A secondary goal was to explore if vaccinated individuals with IDD experienced similar levels of protection from COVID-19 infection, to the general population. The open cohort was derived by linking vaccination events reported in Ontario COVID-19 Vaccine Data, between December 2020 to December 2021, to several administrative health databases. An algorithm was used to define IDD by a series of inpatient hospitalizations, emergency department and/or physician visits, with IDD diagnostic codes.

ResultsThe proportion who received at least two doses was similar between both groups (82% (IDD); 83% (non-IDD)). However, despite emerging evidence suggesting that high-risk populations should receive a third dose, a lower proportion of people with IDD (25%), compared to the general population without IDD (30%), had done so. The IDD subpopulation is generally younger, and partially explained the third dose findings when examined by age. Withal, adults with IDD vaccinated with at least two doses were mostly male (62% vs 48%), 18-29 years of age (44% vs 17%), and from the lowest neighborhood income quintile (26% vs 18%), compared to the non-IDD population, respectively. Cumulatively, adults with IDD had comparable rates of confirmed breakthrough case infections following vaccination (17%), to those without IDD (19%).

Conclusion/ImplicationsAdministrative health data and analytics through the ICES-AHRQ program were used in responding to COVID-19, and providing public health guidance, for those with IDD. To inform decision making and policy actions related to immediate vaccination strategies, MCCSS used such findings to target vaccination efforts in specific IDD subpopulations, across Ontario.
Linkage of multiple electronic health record datasets using a "spine linkage" approach compared to all "pairwise linkages".
Authors: Blake Helen , Sharples Linda , Harron Katie , Van der Meulen Jan , Walker Kate
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo compare two approaches for linking multiple datasets: using all "pairwise linkages", linking each dataset to every other dataset; versus linking each dataset to a designated "spine dataset", by:  considering the differences between these approaches, and illustrating using real-world data on patients undergoing emergency bowel cancer surgery.

ApproachWe linked an administrative hospital dataset (Hospital Episode Statistics; HES) capturing patients admitted to hospitals in England, and two clinical datasets comprising patients undergoing emergency bowel surgery (National Emergency Laparotomy Audit; NELA) and patients diagnosed with bowel cancer (National Bowel Cancer Audit; NBOCA), with study period from 31 October 2013 to 30 April 2018. We compared pairwise linkage to spine linkage, designating HES as the spine dataset, by considering the number of eligible patients linked by each approach, characteristics of linked patients, levels of missing data, and whether analysis results were sensitive to the approach used.

ResultsThe spine linkage approach resulted in an analysis cohort of 15,826 patients, equating to 98.3% of the 16,100 patients identified with the pairwise linkage approach. Of 274 additional patients captured in the pairwise approach, approximately two-thirds were only in the emergency surgery dataset (NELA) and one-third were only in the bowel cancer dataset (NBOCA). There were no systematic differences in patient characteristics between these analysis cohorts. Associations of patient and tumour characteristics with mortality, complications, and length of stay were not sensitive to the linkage approach. When eligibility criteria were applied before linkage, spine linkage included 14,509 patients (90.0% compared to pairwise linkage).

ConclusionSpine linkage can be an efficient alternative to pairwise linkage, if case ascertainment in the spine dataset and data quality of linkage variables are high. These aspects should be systematically evaluated in the nominated spine dataset before spine linkage. Results are sensitive to order of linkage steps.
Linking nationwide health and social registry data to informthe policy for Tuberculosis contact tracing in Brazil.
Authors: Sanchez Mauro N. , Pinto Priscila F.P.S. , Teixeira Camila S.S. , Nery Joilda S. , Rasella Davide , Silva Samila O.L. , Ichihara Maria Yury , Barreto Mauricio L. , Pescarini Julia M.
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesMitigating the socioeconomic determinants of Tuberculosis (TB) and systematic screening of contacts and high-risk groups are targets of The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy by 2035. Our aim was to link socioeconomic information to TB datasets to inform policy makers in Brazil and contribute to addressing current challenges.

ApproachFollowing a signed technical cooperation agreement with the Ministry of Health (MoH), we linked nationwide data on 1.405.682 registries of TB diagnosed between 2004 and 2019 in Brazil to 131.697.800 demographic and socioeconomic registries from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (2001-2018) previously linked to nationwide mortality data. We established close links with TB managers to understand the database, clean and deduplicate registries and to analyse the data. We took advantage of the data structure, to set up a cohort of household contacts of TB patients and produce estimates of TB incidence by subgroups of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

ResultsThe interaction of the MoH was effective and facilitated by a robust TB Programme in the country. 567.999 (40,41%) TB cases were linked to the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort with high specificity (93.6%) and sensitivity (94.6%). Using family identifiers, we established the first TB case within a family unit (i.e., primary case) and followed their household contacts up to 15 years. We found the TB incidence among household contacts to be 427.8/100.000 person-years (95%CI 419.1-436.8). In the first year following the identification of the primary case, there was higher cumulative incidence among household contacts under 5 years of age, which was followed by a plateau of cases in this age group. Cummulative incidence in the other age groups presented a constant increase over time.

ConclusionThe close collaboration with the MoH, the development of an effective linkage algorithm and the availability of large socioeconomic data allowed for a unique analysis of the high incidence of TB among household contacts. Findings reinforce need for constant dialogue among stakeholders to strengthen case detection by primary health care.
ICES Data and Analytic Services: Eight Years Young.
Authors: Ho Minnie M. , Jovanovska Stefana , Novess Jenna , Skvirsky Dina , Saskin Refik , Victor J. Charles
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn March 2014, ICES launched Data & Analytic Services (DAS), expanding the access to ICES data and analytics beyond ICES scientists and analytic staff. In eight years, DAS has grown and evolved to increase high quality services offered to an expanding client base of external researchers.

ApproachAt the inception of DAS, two services were offered to public sector researchers: data access and analytics. Data access enabled researchers to analyze coded record-level data through a secure virtual environment. Analytics, conducted by DAS staff in ICES analytic environment, provided researchers with risk-cleared summary level reports. In response to growing demand from an increasingly diverse range of researchers, ICES engaged in extensive consultations with internal and external stakeholders to re-evaluate and operationalize new services. Compliance with contractual obligations and Ontario law, organizational capacity to scale up, alignment with ICES’ mission, vision and values, were cornerstones in establishing new offerings.

ResultsAnalytic services became available to private sector researchers in June 2016. In March 2017, support for cohort and longitudinal follow-up studies became the newest service offering (researchers provided with a list of applicable individuals defined for the purposes of conducting publicly funded research). As more data assets become available to researchers, requests continue to increase in volume and complexity, particularly of projects seeking to import external data for linkage to ICES data. A second high performance computing virtual environment onboarded researchers September 2021 while the original analytic environment has undergone multiple upgrades, and will soon be fully refreshed. Regular solicitation of feedback has enabled DAS to increase staffing and diversify resources available which improves the client experience at all stages.

ConclusionsSince its inception, DAS has expanded from five to thirty personnel, grown and diversified its new and returning client base and has responded to demand for new services. DAS continues to provide high quality services which enable impactful research and is responsive to new opportunities for collaboration and service provision.
Who is your community? Co-designing a community engagement strategy for an emerging data platform.
Authors: Naude Kim , Parker Emily , McNaney Roisin , Daniel Michelle , Beare Richard , Srikanth Velandai , Andrew Nadine
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo co-design with older Australian consumers and stakeholders a strategy for engaging the wider community with an emerging data platform, involving linked routinely collected electronic health data for research. To develop strategies to address consumer concerns of data use, privacy and safety.

ApproachThe National Centre for Healthy Ageing (NCHA) Data Platform aims to make better use of existing health data to lead transformative research. Facilitated workshops were conducted with consumer representatives in March 2022. Use case scenarios were created following interviews with NCHA researchers; these were used to facilitate discussion around benefits and challenges of health data related research. Predetermined questions were given to two participant groups to develop strategies to engage the broader community with the Data Platform; ideas were presented to the whole group to prompt further discussion. Workshops were audio-recorded; transcripts are being analysed using thematic data analysis.

ResultsTwo workshops were conducted (workshop 1=7 participants; workshop 2=9 participants).  Participants were >65 years, of mixed gender (8 women; 8 men), used the same health service, and resided in the Frankston/Mornington Peninsula region of Victoria, Australia. Preliminary findings suggest an essential element to the design of an effective community engagement strategy with a data platform is the understanding of who the target community is (e.g. age, culture, and health/digital literacy). Conveyed information needs to be simple, clear and devoid of academic and/or technical jargon. Community engagement strategies should respect consumers’ genuine fear of who can access their data and concerns around whether their data is identifiable. Overall, participants expressed optimism in the NCHA Data Platform and its ability to directly impact their well-being.

ConclusionPreliminary findings from this study have identified effective strategies to engage the older community with an electronic health data platform, an often complex and technical concept. The co-design of a consumer engagement strategy allows the NCHA to broaden its network and ensure research outputs meet the needs of the older community.
Co-creating a social licence for using novel linked datasets for planning and research in Kent, Surrey and Sussex: results of deliberative focus groups and a creative workshop.
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Stanley Kathryn , Rees-Roberts Melanie , Madzvamuse Anotida , Armes Jo , Giles Sarah
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesIn Kent, Surrey and Sussex (KSS), linked health and social care datasets are in set-up phase in NHS integrated care systems (ICS), and governance models for using data for planning and research are under development. This represented an exceptional opportunity to consult with KSS citizens and work together to identify how ICSs in KSS can secure a social licence for data-linkage and data uses.

MethodsWe held online deliberative discussion focus groups asking KSS citizens to discuss the perceived benefits and risks of data-linkage for planning and research; to describe safeguards they expected around the data, and to describe how the public should be involved in, and communicated with, regarding governance and uses of datasets. We held one creative workshop in which participants artistically depicted their support or concerns around data.

Results79 KSS citizens took part in 5 focus groups, and 7 participants attended the creative workshop. There was widespread support for data-linkage to improve efficiency of services and information flows, with the expectation that this would improve patient experience. Proposed ICS governance models were acceptable, but participants identified four key values to ensure appropriate use: acknowledging experience of stigma and discrimination; public voices being heard; holding people to account; and keeping data trails and audits. Participants gave a range of suggestions for ensuring public involvement and communication would be accessible and reach a diverse audience, such as using community champions to ensure a range of contributors, using plain language, giving concise information, building trust through mutually respectful relationships, and valuing public contributions through appropriate payment.

ConclusionSocial licence theory describes expectations that organisations go beyond requirements of formal regulation and ensure transparent values of reciprocity, non-exploitation and service to the public good. Following findings from this project, ICSs in KSS are now in a good position to deliver social licence values, together with a strong public voice, to inform and determine governance arrangements for linked datasets in the region.
Power Flow Numerical Assessment of a STATCOM iUPQC Utility Interface for Microgrids
Authors: M. Montagner  , C. Rech  , M. Mezaroba
Published: August 2022

The dual unified power quality conditioner (iUPQC) is an active filter that has been studied to be applied as utility interface in microgrid applications. It regulates the voltage of the microgrid side and controls the power flow between the grid and microgrid side. Besides that, ancillary functions to grid side has been proposed to extend its powerquality compensation. This paper presents a detailed analytical and numerical analysis of the power flow of an iUPQC, which operates as an utility interface in microgrid applications with the extended function of STATCOM. It can compensate not only the disturbances at the load or microgrid side but also provides a RMS voltage regulation at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), thus, providing reactive power to the grid. Moreover, the iUPQC power flow is evaluated considering the implementation of the power angle control (PAC), a technique used to share and equalize the power processed by each converter allowing the optimization ofthis conditioner. Therefore, this study can support the understanding of the power flow of the iUPQC operating as STATCOM, in order to share and optimize the available power in the iUPQC converters using PAC.
Maximum Power Point Tracker Optimization for Photovoltaic Systems based on III-V Elements
Authors: M.Trape  , A. Hellany  , M. Nagrial  , J. Rizk
Published: August 2022

A photovoltaic system consists of several components that are interconnected into a grid network or standalone system. The overall efficiency of a photovoltaic system is the result of component selection, accurate implementation, and stable operation. Therefore, if these factors are not in harmony during the design and execution of the system, optimal efficiency will not be achieved. This paper summarizes the technological trend of photovoltaic cells which lead to the development of multijunction photovoltaic cells based on III-V elements. Additionally, the challenges within the implementation of multijunction cells based on III-V elements into terrestrial applications will also be discussed, followed by a potential solution to counter the efficiency loss of these cells caused by the atmospheric gases filtering the solar irradiance across the optical band length of absorption. The implementation of Adaptive-Perturbation-Frequency (APF) in a Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, instead of a linear step size variation, combined with several hardware optimizations on the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), maybe an ideal approach to reduce the impacts of having a multijunction photovoltaic cell based on elements III-V operating at terrestrial conditions.
Analysis of the Impact of a Modular SSSC on the Operation of Transmission Line Protection Relays using a Hardware-In-the-Loop Configuration
Authors: B. Polajžer  , A. Trupej  , P. Xenos
Published: August 2022

This paper evaluates the impact of a modular Static Synchronous Series Compensator (m-SSSC) on the operation of communication-assisted line distance and differential protection relays. The m-SSSC system incorporates an over-current protection feature to trigger the bypass mode of operation during grid faults. A case study is analyzed for a 220 kV transmission line and an m-SSSC with a reactive power rating of 80 MVAr per phase using a Hardware-In-the-Loop configuration. The obtained results show the impact of the m-SSSC system on the distance protection operation during some cases of high resistive faults. The differential protection operation was not affected by the m-SSSC.
Review of Stability Analysis in Power Systems with High Penetration of Non-synchronous Generation
Authors:   Department of Electric Power Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Hungary, Táczi I. , Vokony I.
Published: August 2022

Sustainability goals basically change the power generation portfolio, as the renewable energy resources developing rapidly. This means system integration challenges for system operators, as these new resources have different attributes. Most of the emerging generation technologies connect to the grid via power electronic converters, therefore does not contribute inherently to the system’s rotational inertia. However, advanced control methods became a progressive research area, where many practical pilots deliver valuable results and discussions nowadays. These stability enhancement techniques have great potential to enhance security of supply with synthetic inertia services. This paper aims to review generation-driven stability analysis techniques based on the modelling methods used for the nonsynchronous generators. Based on the stability phenomena (angle, frequency), system size, generation portfolio, computational time the adequate methods could be quite different. The proposed extension of the stability classification convers the need of different approaches with the integration of non-synchronous generation. Based on the review presented in this paper, the stability assessment needs for a specific system operator can be identified to choose the appropriate modelling assumptions. This can help system operators in long-term planning (stability adequacy) and in the dynamic security assessment tasks as well, both on the identification of possible issues and evaluate the countermeasures.
Multi-objective optimisation of technical wind turbines parameters based on multi-physical models
Authors:   Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, LISPEN, HESAM Université. France, Amoretti T. , Huet F. , Garambois P. , Roucoules L.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a decision tool for the optimisation of wind turbine technical parameters, using a multiphysical model of the power system. This includes a multiphysical modelling of aerodynamical, mechanical and electromechanical system behaviours. The aerodynamics is based on a blade element momentum model. A mass model of wind turbines components is also used in this paper. The optimisation is performed with NSGA-II algorithm which may choose technical parameters (blade length, transmission ratio or electro-mechanical coefficient in this example) to maximise performances indicators (in this example the output electrical power and the wind turbine mass). The results provide a wide range of solutions that are the best compromises between the performances indicators chosen. The diversity in terms of parameters allows great latitude in the design of wind turbine.
Voltage Sag Estimation for Distribution Systems Using Linear Machine Learning Models
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga. Colombia, Galeano-Suárez Daniel , Duarte César , Blanco Solano Jairo
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a voltage sag estimation approach based on linear machine learning models. The proposed approach estimates the voltage sag profile on distributions systems with limited monitored buses. The approach takes advantage of the priory knowledge about the linearity of the problem to train and compare three linear models: Least Squares (LS), Ridge Regression (RR), and Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). The approach is tested on the IEEE-34-bus distribution system, and the performance of models is validated through the Mean Square Error (MSE). The results show that the proposed linear machine learning models capture the internal relationships of the problem and estimate the voltage sag with high accuracy on test data.
Insights on the use of wind speed vertical extrapolation methods
Authors:   MEGAJOULE S.A. Portugal and LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of     Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto. Portugal and ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto. Portugal, Pintor A. , Pinto C. ,   MEGAJOULE S.A. Portugal, Mendonça J. ,   ISEP, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Portugal, Pilão R. ,   CIETI, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Portugal, Pinto P. ,   MEGAJOULE S.A. Portugal
Published: August 2022

The present work aims to study the influence of using different methods for wind speed extrapolation in energy production calculations. A dataset of 21 meteorological masts from several landscape characteristics and locations, with at least one year of 10-minute wind speed/direction data, was used as the basis for calculations. Both the power law through estimation of wind shear coefficients, and the logarithmic-based profile using WAsP, were used as mathematical models for predicting wind shear. Wind speed extrapolation was performed either from the top-most height, using a distance method that incorporated all measurement heights, or using the function for wind shear coefficient prediction. It was found that using the logarithmicbased profile was the less reliable of all studied methods. The study showed that the most accurate method was the power law with wind shear coefficients estimated from the two upper heights closest to the extrapolation height, by wind direction sector of 30º, and the wind speeds extrapolation from the topmost height of the two. It is suggested that the use of this method reduces uncertainty in AEP estimates.
Methodology to optimise electricity demand in the residential sector through efficient load management
Authors:   Institute of Materials Technology. Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, Andrada-Monrós C.
Published: August 2022

The current energy model requires a transformation based on a sustainable model that is accessible to all, focused on the needs of citizens and committed to climate change. Moreover, the rising cost of non-renewable energy sources, and the growing presence of distributed renewable generation, has a major impact on the electricity sector, creating the need to develop mechanisms to help manage energy demand in order to converge towards an efficient, emission-free electricity system that is responsible for the environment and future generations. The main motivation is the recent change in the regulation of electricity tariff systems and the introduction of time discriminations in the residential sector. Based on the previous need and supported by a survey to find out society's predisposition and sensitivity to demand management, this paper presents the methodology developed as an active demand-side management mechanism for residential consumers, considering their load shifting priorities and prioritising the use of renewable energy if possible, reducing grid energy consumption. In a nutshell, the use of a tool capable of helping consumers to regulate their energy consumption, analyse their consumption pattern and plan their domestic loads to obtain the lowest energy and economic impact is developed. Key words. Active demand-side management, Load shedding, Energy optimisation, Renewable energy, Load prioritisation
Contribution of a photovoltaic solar system to the energetic sustainability of a Portuguese WWTP
Authors:   Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) Braga. Portugal and MEGAJOULE S.A. Portugal, Eira Bruno , Pinto Paulo ,   MEGAJOULE S.A. Portugal, Carneiro Joaquim ,   Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) Braga. Portugal
Published: August 2022

The concerning growth of energy and water demand worldwide presents two major issues that can both be tackled by using renewable energy sources to oppose the energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), while taking advantage of their energy production potentialities. This work deals with the sizing of a photovoltaic system of a mediumsized Portuguese WWTP designed to meet the energy consumption needs, benefitting from the higher levels of irradiance in the country. The goal is to act as a model for future similar projects. The potentiality of producing electricity through cogeneration of biogas, in WWTP’s of activated sludge, needs to be taken into account. In the study case, 70% of the energy consumption needs were covered via cogeneration. This led to the conception of two different scenarios concerning the PV System: the first one covers the total electric needs of the WWTP and the other covers 30%, taking into account that the cogeneration system ensures 70%. During the 25 year-life of the PV System, an average annual performance ratio of 0.805 for scenario 1 and 0.789 for scenario 2 was achieved. Furthermore, the average energy contribution of scenario 1 and 2 was 36.5% and 32.8%, respectively, ensuring 100% of self-sufficiency, when adding the cogeneration contribution.
Optimisation of passive solar systems seasonal operation in conditions of central Europe
Authors:   Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen. Czech Republic, Belik Milan , Rubnenko O. ,   Department of Electric Stations and Systems, Vinnytsia National Technical Universirty .Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with optimisation of passive solar systems installed on family and office buildings in central Europe locations. In these territories, in contrast to more southern countries, it is not typical to utilize passive solar systems on public or private buildings. Although these systems can significantly influence thermal comfort inside the buildings, many controversions and myths reduce wider utilisation. It could be expected, that new European legislative tending to common energy savings will cause also wider usage of these systems. In contrast of classic countries utilizing passive solar systems, the benefits can be expected either in hot season or in cold season. If we focus on systems that can supplement existing buildings – roller blinds and slats, significant energy and economy benefits can be easily reached. These systems can either decrease or avoid overheating during hot summer days or to limit thermal loses in cold winter days and nights. This paper compares various roller blind and slat systems installed on office building and family house. Exact measurements explains the influence on thermal gains, thermal loses and thermal comfort in particular storeys during constituent seasons. The main results of these experiments and calculations are principles of operational charts for particular locations in the buildings leading to provable energy savings and economy profits. The measurements also serve as verification of computer simulations.
Transition between Stand-Alone and Grid Connected Solar PV Microgrids
Authors:   Division of Engineering, Saint Mary’s University. Canada, Sarker F.H. , Merabet A. ,   Division of Engineering, Saint Mary’s University. Canada, Salameh T. ,   Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering. University of Sharjah.      United Arab Emirates, Ghenai C. ,   Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering. University of Sharjah.      United Arab Emirates
Published: August 2022

In this study, a solar photovoltaic microgrid, to sustainable energy and system efficiency, is being studied under different configurations. Solar modules, energy storage devices (battery), power electronics converters are used to validate the desired results. The study of stand-alone to grid-connected systems will be analyzed and tuned for a stable system performance. In the stand-alone tuning, the voltage and the frequency are the key driving parameters to be controlled and evaluated for proper operation of the microgrid. Also, the grid connected configuration will be studied and then both systems will be compiled together using a switching mechanism. The aim is developing a control system that enables the transition between the two configurations. The microgrid is simulated and tested using MATLAB/Simulink platform. The objective is to create a smooth transition of system with control mechanisms in different modes of the microgrid
Evaluation of energy consumption and power qua798lity in oil mills using advanced smart meters
Authors:   Department of Engineering, E.S.I., University of Almería. Spain, Alcayde A. , Baños R. , Montoya F.G. , Arrabal-Campos F.M.
Published: August 2022

One of the main industries in Spain and other Mediterranean countries are oil mills. Although the specific energy consumption of oil mills depends on the capacity and other characteristics, some studies have highlighted the high energy consumption of these industries. In the case of olive mills, previous studies have shown that energy consumption is mainly supported by electricity, with low contribution from gas, diesel or biomass. Considering the importance of reducing the electricity consumption in oil mills, it is necessary to analyse the power consumption in order to take actions focused to reduce the contracted power and the energy required in its operation. Moreover, since these industries may require stable power supply, it is appropriate to analyse the power quality in order to detect possible adverse effects derived from a poor power quality. This paper presents the analysis of data collected by the Circutor MYeBOX 1500 portable meter installed in an olive oil mill. It is shown how monitoring these facilities during several weeks can provide relevant information regarding the energy assessment and policies.