bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la marchéisation à la recentralisation : les réformes du système de santé en Pologne et le concept post-NMP
Authors: Mikuła Łukasz , Kaczmarek Urszula
Published: August 2019

L’objectif du présent article est d’évaluer les résultats des réformes du système de santé en Pologne après 1990 dans le contexte des idées du NMP et du post-NMP. Les principaux arguments avancés dans un débat public, tant pour que contre l’agencification, la marchéisation et la privatisation des services de santé, y sont présentés, discutés et confrontés à des données quantitatives relatives à la situation sanitaire en Pologne. Dans les dernières sections, le programme de recentralisation et de dé-marchéisation du secteur hospitalier, proposé par le nouveau gouvernement formé par le parti Droit et Justice (au pouvoir depuis 2015) est analysé dans le contexte théorique du concept post-NMP. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens La transformation du système de santé en Pologne a eu lieu en 1999, près de 10 ans après la percée démocratique de 1989, dans le cadre de la deuxième vague de réformes administratives et territoriales. La commercialisation et la privatisation partielle des hôpitaux publics selon le modèle NMP de réforme du secteur public ont fait l’objet de nombreux débats en Pologne au cours de la dernière décennie. Pourtant, ce processus, qui est politiquement et socialement très controversé, s’est déroulé à une allure modérée. Les récentes propositions du gouvernement visant la désagencification et la dé-marchéisation des soins de santé peuvent être interprétées comme une réforme post-NMP visant à atteindre des normes de coordination plus élevées au sein du système, mais aussi comme une nouvelle étape vers la consolidation du pouvoir politique du parti au pouvoir.
Emprise des groupes d'appartenance dans la cure analytique par lettres
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: August 2019

Dans ce texte, l'auteur aborde la question de l'analyse par lettres en étudiant la correspondance de Freud et Ferenczi pendant la période où ce dernier a réalisé son analyse avec le premier (1914-1916). Freud a une préférence pour l'analyse en présence disant que l'écriture de lettres n'est pas la méthode la plus propice à élaborer les résistances, au contraire elle semble les renforcer. Mais ce fut la première tentative d'analyse à distance et, à ce titre, cette correspondance est féconde en suggestions. La discussion sur les effets et les contre-effets de cette forme d'analyse conduit l'auteur à étudier l'écrit épistolaire comme expression du travail analytique, les missives pouvant s'associer à des objets de relation en thérapie de groupe. Ensuite l'auteur analyse la part de la groupalité infléchissant ce lien analytique : les enjeux de pouvoir, les groupes de référence, la construction de la théorie analytique des masses, le destin de la nouvelle science. Les lettres surdéterminent-elles cette groupalité ? On y trouve également des indices sur l'écoute selon la sensibilité de l'analyste, Freud paraissant peu disposé à adopter l'écoute maternelle que Ferenczi attendait. Ce différend ou dés-accordage (inconscient) aurait pu influencer la suite de leur lien ainsi que la construction de la technique analytique.
L'enfant parentifié : maturation psychoaffective et contexte familial
Authors: Féres-Carneiro Terezinha , Benghozi Pierre , Mello Renata , Seixas Magalhães Andrea
Published: August 2019

Cette étude s'inscrit dans une recherche conjointe entre les laboratoires de psychologie de l'Université Pontificale Catholique de Rio de Janeiro et de l'Université Paris Descartes. L'actualité des familles contemporaines nous confronte plus souvent à une clinique de la parentification des enfants. L'enfant adopte une posture parentale envers ses parents et les membres de sa famille. Deux modalités de parentification sont distinguées selon qu'elles concernent les enjeux des liens et de la contenance familiale ou ceux de la relation. À l'aide de conceptualisations théoriques croisées, nous analyserons les rapports entre la parentification et les processus de maturation psychique de l'enfant. La discussion sur cette problématique, intersubjective et intrapsychique, est présentée à partir d'une illustration clinique.
Dynamique groupale en appartement associatif : quand un « chez nous » préfigure un « chez moi »
Authors: Tanquerey Valérie
Published: August 2019

À partir de l'activité clinique d'une équipe de psychiatrie pour adultes au sein d'un appartement associatif, cet article précise en quoi la pluralité des espaces-temps et des fonctions soignantes fait de ce dispositif un levier thérapeutique passant par la médiation du quotidien le plus pratique pour aller vers le dévoilement progressif des mécanismes de défense et de la constellation identificatoire des patientes. L'axe thérapeutique s'y déploie autour d'un double tissage – groupal et individuel – par lequel s'articulent conjointement la question du passage d'un « chez nous » à un « chez moi » et celle de la façon dont chacune peut s'approprier et « habiter » son propre espace psychique, dans sa dimension actuelle et en lien avec son histoire infantile.
Des modes de diffusion de la rumeur : une approche par la matérialité
Authors: de Vaujany François-Xavier , Bussy-Socrate Hélène
Published: August 2019

Cet essai développe une perspective matérielle sur la dynamique de formation et de diffusion de la rumeur. Nous proposons d’étudier la rumeur à partir des gestes et des pratiques plutôt que des discours. Nous suggérons ici de positionner trois grands modes de diffusion de l’information liée aux rumeurs (classique, électronique de type 1, électronique de type 2). À partir de trois vignettes, différentes relations possibles entre pratiques matérielles et rumeurs sont identifiées : matérialisation, amplification, interprétation, réduction, (re)(dé)formation.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Connected Objects in e-Health: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Dutot Vincent , Bergeron François , Rozhkova Kristina , Moreau Nicolas
Published: August 2019

Les objets connectés offrent une perspective nouvelle pour l’e-santé et l’économie. Cependant, les facteurs d’adoption de l’e-santé ou des objets connectés restent peu étudiés et compris. Cette recherche aborde les facteurs d’adoption des objets connectés dans l’e-santé en s’appuyant sur la combinaison successive de méthodes de recherche qualitative et quantitative. A partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées, un modèle de recherche est développé et testé auprès de 226 professionnels de la santé (par enquête en ligne). Les résultats de cette méthodologie mixte indiquent les rôles primordiaux de l’influence sociale et la commodité perçue dans l’adoption. Cinq autres facteurs contribuent, dans une mesure moindre à l’adoption : la compatibilité, l’interopérabilité, l’intégration, la capacité de démonstration des résultats et la réputation. Cette recherche offre une contribution importante et propose de nouvelles avenues pour assurer le lancement d’objets connectés dans l’e-santé.
De l’incarnation contemporaine : digital persona et chair électronique
Authors: Susca Vincenzo
Published: August 2019

La manière dont les subjectivités se dissolvent, se reconfigurent et produisent de la culture dans les réseaux numériques modifie radicalement la vie en société. L’identité disséminée dans les réseaux ne vit pas une simple expérience de désincarnation et d’abstraction du réel au sein duquel elle serait physiquement cantonnée ; à travers une telle déréalisation, la personne immergée dans le paysage numérique découvre ses potentialités et tend à se réincarner dans quelque chose de plus grand et de plus complet que le sujet classique, dans une digital persona , personne numérique animée par la tentation de réunir la passion et la raison, l’organique et l’inorganique, le jour et la nuit, dans une condition où l’autre prévaut sur le moi.
Réseaux d’affects et d’intolérance : l’imaginaire politique et la catharsis dans le quotidien médiatisé
Authors: Rezende Ribeiro Renata
Published: August 2019

Ce texte vise à réfléchir sur les usages des réseaux sociaux numériques dans le quotidien, particulièrement sur l’altérité configurée par les récits « de soi et de l’autre » en particulier dans l’analyse de Facebook. Notre but est de problématiser comment les usagers s’en servent comme espace de construction des récits que nous nommons « récits cathartiques ». Ceux-ci, selon notre hypothèse, configurent et opèrent une politique d’affects, ce qui met aussi en évidence l’intolérance vis-à-vis de l’autre. En ce sens, notre but est de discuter le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique de l’opinion dans l’imaginaire politique actuel.
Étude exploratoire des relations entre valeurs humaines et activité physique
Authors: Souchon Nicolas , Bardin Brigitte , Perrissol Stéphane , Maio Gregory R.
Published: August 2019

L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner les relations potentielles entre les valeurs de Schwartz (1992) et le niveau d’activité physique des individus. 127 participants ont répondu au questionnaire des valeurs par portrait (Schwartz et al. , 2001), au « Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire » (Godin & Shepard, 1985) et ont également complété une échelle de différenciation sémantique attitudinale à l’égard de l’activité physique. Les résultats ont révélé qu’un plus grand attachement aux valeurs de stimulation prédirait une attitude plus positive à l’égard de l’activité physique, qui deviendrait alors prédictive de l’activité physique des individus. En revanche, les valeurs de sécurité contenant l’item santé n’ont pas été associées avec un plus grand niveau d’activité physique. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard de la littérature portant sur les valeurs humaines et l’activité physique.
Que disent les textes officiels de l’éducation physique et sportive lorsqu’ils parlent de l’adolescent ?
Authors: Le Paven Maël , Lefevre Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

Cette étude montre comment l’usage des termes « adolescent(e)(s)(ce) », pris dans un contexte lexical qui évolue au sein des textes officiels régissant l’éducation physique et sportive en France de 1925 à 2010, permet d’interroger les conceptions du législateur relatives au public-cible de cette discipline. L’analyse du contenu des textes, appuyée sur les fonctions lexicographiques du logiciel Tropes ® , révèle une focalisation sur les finalités de formation, de développement et d’éducation de l’adolescent à partir de 1959, puis l’apparition en 1986 d’une justification de la mise en œuvre d’un enseignement accompagnant et infléchissant les transformations de l’adolescent.
Pour l’implication du sportif de haut niveau dans la conception et la mise en œuvre de sa préparation
Authors: Lévêque Marc
Published: August 2019

Cet article propose quatre pistes pour renforcer l’autonomie et la responsabilité de l’athlète engagé dans une pratique sportive intensive d’une part, lutter contre certaines dérives du sport de haut niveau qui entravent cet accès à l’autonomie d’autre part : systématiser l’information sur la nature et les justifications des efforts demandés. Une connaissance approfondie et systémique du processus d’entraînement doit être recherchée, en adéquation avec la maturation de l’athlète. Accompagner l’exercice d’un métier et d’un statut marginal et valorisé pour en prévenir les risques ; aider les entraîneurs, prisonniers de leur mandat institutionnel, à analyser leurs modalités de leadership et à privilégier des formes d’association de l’athlète aux prises de décision, à ouvrir des espaces de délégation ; inscrire le projet sportif dans un projet de vie global, inciter l’athlète à engager une réflexion prospective sur sa carrière, sa reconversion, les autres versants de sa vie personnelle ; l’engagement sur les objectifs sportifs doit rester articulé aux facteurs de qualité de vie ; ajouter à la récupération des efforts une prise en compte des effets à long terme et des séquelles possibles de l’entraînement intensif, afin que l’éventuelle mise en danger de l’intégrité corporelle et du capital santé soit assumée par l’athlète.
Dans le sillage de la physico-chimie sous rayonnements : vers l’institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay
Authors: Bourguignon Bernard , Béroff Karine , Bréchignac Philippe , Dujardin Gérald , Leach Sydney , Zehnacker-Rentien Anne
Published: August 2019

Cet article évoque le cheminement qui a conduit une partie de la communauté scientifique d’Orsay, dès 1960, de la chimie sous rayonnements à la physique des collisions atomiques et moléculaires et à la photophysique, pour aboutir à la création, en 2010, de l’institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay, aujourd’hui organisé selon trois grands pôles : la physique moléculaire, les nanosciences, la physique pour la biologie. Si la personnalité des pionniers a joué un rôle essentiel dans l’établissement des concepts, les avancées techniques et les découvertes fortuites ont eu leur importance.
Section 4Mise au point de la chimie sous rayonnements appliquée aux polymères et aspects juridiques
Authors: Chapiro Adolphe
Published: August 2019

Il s’agit de l’histoire de brevets sur le greffage des polymères par rayonnements ionisants, déposés en France en 1955 par Michel Magat et ses collaborateurs Adolphe Chapiro et Jeanne Sebban. Cette histoire montre déjà, à cette époque, la volonté du service des inventions du CNRS (remplacé par l’Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherche, à partir de 1969) de s’associer avec l’industrie française et internationale. Cet article relate les difficultés rencontrées pour le dépôt de ces brevets aux États-Unis, difficultés qui furent surmontées avec éclat devant la Cour civile de Washington.
Modern health-seeking behaviour and associated factors among mothers having under 5-years old children in Shire town, Tigray, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study 2018
Authors: Weldesamuel Girmay T. , Alemayoh Tsega T. , Atalay Hagos T. , Zemichael Teklewoini M.
Published: August 2019

Background: The practice of appropriate health care-seeking is important to reduce severe and life-threatening childhood illnesses. In Shire town, little is known about the mother’s health care-seeking behaviour on childhood illness.Aim: To assess modern health-seeking behaviour and associated factors of mothers having under 5-years old children in Shire town.Setting: The study setting was Shire town, northwest Tigray, Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to interview 504 mother-child pairs by systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Data were coded, entered, cleaned and edited using EPIDATA version 3.1 and export to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 22.0 for analysis. To identify the significant variables, binary logistic regression was employed. Variables with p-value 0.05 at 95% CI (confidence interval) in multivariate logistic regression were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, around 76.2% (72.1, 80) of mothers sought modern health care. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis at a p-value of 0.05, caregivers with age of ≥ 28 years (AOR [adjusted odds ratios]: 1.65; 95% CI [1.02, 2.68]), educational level of secondary school and above (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI [0.23, 0.86]), child feeding per day 8 times (AOR: 2.77; 95% CI [1.75, 4.38]) and perceived severity of illness (AOR: 2; 95% CI [1.07, 3.82]) were statistically associated with modern health care-seeking behaviour.Conclusion: Strengthen healthcare services is recommended at the community level through information, education and communication/behavioural change strategies to improve the mother’s health care-seeking behaviour.
Some insights into British-South African trade relations
Authors: Leahy John
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Israel and the problem of inflation
Authors: Aharoni Yair
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Computer-aided instruction on an MBA programme
Authors: Miller Jonathan
Published: August 2019

The Graduate School of Business of the University of Cape Town (UCT) recently acquired a powerful mini-computer with interactive terminals and a range of educational and business software. This paper applies a particular model of the learning process in order to choose the most effective computer-based teaching methods for the MBA programme. It is argued that this choice must take into account characteristics of the learner, the learning environment, the material being learned and the stage of the learning process. These elements and the current status of computer-aided instruction on the UCT MBA programme are described and basic policy guidelines are presented.
Economic outlook for the eighties, regional development strategy and industrial decentralization
Authors: Van Wyk Chris J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Meaningful managerial action planning: The financial component
Authors: Kotzé J. G.
Published: August 2019

An innovative orientation is a highly desirable characteristic of senior-middle and top management teams in business organizations. The formalized expression of such entrepreneurial flair may be developed in the form of action plans. Such plans consist of five elements, of which one, namely the financial component, is of prime importance. Three categories of action plans are distinguished and the evaluation of the anticipated financial impact of action plans within each category discussed. Finally, the integration of the anticipated financial results of action plans in the formal long- and short-term plans of an organization is described.
A critical comparison of systems management and project management
Authors: Kerzner H. , Ghyoot V.
Published: August 2019

Both systems management and project management are discussed in depth, after which the similarities and differences between the two concepts are listed.
Use of regression analysis to forecast cash flows
Authors: Klerck W. G. , Birkholtz L. E.
Published: August 2019

In this article the need to forecast the cash flows of a corporation is discussed. Although many corporations operate on a decentralized basis to a greater or lesser degree the cash resources of the corporation are often controlled from head office. The system is cash receipts are remitted to the head office treasurer on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis and he undertakes to make funds available. Owing to the size of many corporations the treasurer is far removed from activities at the branch level and it is not unknown for him to experience an unexpected inflow or outflow of funds. It is also often taken for granted by the operations' accountants that the corporate treasurer will always have sufficient funds to place at their disposal. This lack of communication can result in difficulties in providing the operations with the required funds. It is therefore necessary that the treasurer forecast his future cash position in order to have adequate cash resources at his disposal to meet the requirements of the operations over the short term. In order to assist the treasurer in making short term forecasts a model using regression analysis was developed.
Consumer dissatisfaction: Does the consumer seek redress?
Authors: Pitt L. F. , Abratt R.
Published: August 2019

Consumer dissatisfaction and redress needs have been the subject of a number of research studies in the USA. The same cannot be said for South Africa. This article reports the findings of research into the South African consumer's dissatisfaction with beauty and health-care products and her actions in seeking redress. Utilizing a successful technique developed by Diener and Greyser, extent of product use, product problems, degree of dissatisfaction, and action in seeking redress are examined. The article concludes that general dissatisfaction with the products concerned is low, but that the problems are of little importance to the consumer. She is also lax in seeking redress, and expects a more positive reaction from the manufacturer than the retailer, although the sample were not inclined to seek redress from the manufacturer. It is apparent that the consumer seeks redress in the easiest alternative - brand switching, and also by means of word-of-mouth. The implications for brand management and product policy are obvious.
Job analysis: Time for a paradigm shift
Authors: Cogill C. J.
Published: August 2019

Job analysis, a major form of job measurement, is essential for a whole range of job related personnel functions and is often central in debate and legislation surrounding fair labour practice, equal opportunity and pay. This article deals with the behavioural-science contributions to the field. Job analysis and particularly quantified job analysis is discussed in detail and some methodological issues are highlighted. The author also deals with job design, i.e. the measurement of job content for job-design purposes. Aspects like skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback are scrutinized. Problems and implications regarding validity and reliability are discussed.
The long-term effects of take-overs on the South African economy
Authors: Bhana N.
Published: August 2019

Acquiring companies prefer growth through acquisitions and mergers rather than growth by direct investment in manufacturing resources. A justification for the large number of take-overs is the belief that abnormal gains are to be obtained so. There is substantial empirical evidence showing this untrue. Take-overs contribute immediate short-term gains, and are preferred to internal expansion where the benefits accrue over the long-term. Managers are usually evaluated on short-term performance criteria and therefore they have a bias for take-overs. Several investigators have studied the decline of the United States economy and the corresponding rise of Japan as industrial leader. The unrestrained take-over activity has been the chief reason for the decline of many industries in the United States. Acquiring companies have contributed to their own downfall by not investing sufficiently in up-to-date manufacturing resources. Take-overs lead to economic decline caused by lower productivity of acquired resources. South African companies are showing a strong preference for growth through take-overs. With the take-over process many local industries have come under the control of a few large conglomerates. South African acquiring companies could benefit by following the Japanese example of direct investments in technologically up-to-date manufacturing resources. More direct investment in manufacturing resources will lead to a more vigorous free-enterprise system and will raise the productivity of local industries. A more stringent Competition Act is necessary if South Africa is to avoid the harm to the economy caused by unrestrained take-over activity.
'n Optimale inkomsteverdelingsbeleid vir koöperasies
Authors: Hamman W. D. , Lambrechts I. J.
Published: August 2019

An optimal income appropriation policy for a co-operativeThe income (after interest payable, except on deferred bonuses and before taxation) can be appropriated in three different ways (different combinations are possible), i.e. the payment of cash bonuses, the declaration of deferred bonuses, and the conversion of deferred bonuses in shares. Each of these methods has different cash flow and tax consequences for a co-operative and its shareholders. Each of the above-mentioned methods results in a tax deduction for a co-operative and an increase in taxable income for the member even if there is no cash inflow. Interest and dividends as compensation also have different tax consequences for both the co-operative and its members. To determine the optimal income appropriation policy a long term cash flow model is developed to establish the effect of a specific policy on the cash position of both the co-operative and the member. The co-operative also has to watch its solvency carefully. The marginal tax rate of the member also plays an important role.
A probabilistic approach to the evaluation of risk-related investments with reference to their location in industrial development/ deconcentration points in South Africa
Authors: Palmer P. N.
Published: August 2019

The policy and programme for industrial decentralization in South Africa forms an integral part of South Africa's total economic development strategy for the future. Therefore, in the wake of South Africa's revised regional economic development proposals - which have resulted in the introduction of predominantly cash-based industrial decentralization incentives relative to their predominantly tax-based precursors - the author purports to outline the tenets underlying a probabilistic approach to the evaluation of risk-related investments with reference to their location in industrial development/deconcentration points in South Africa. To this end, the author seeks to illustrate that in evaluating capital investment proposals - within the context of regional decentralization - cash flow streams are one of the principal determinants of project worth in the analytical process. Moreover, although much of contemporary capital budgeting work is based on assumed 'conditions of certainty' a probabilistic approach to cash flow formulations is adopted in this article in the conviction that this affords considerably more insight into the problems of project evaluation and optimal selection.
The deregulation of professional services: A marketing challenge
Authors: Brice Hélène , Phillips B.
Published: August 2019

Professional services are undergoing a process of self-examination in respect of deregulation of certain areas of conduct. This has been the response to competitive pressures on the professional services, and to developments in other countries. As a result, the marketing area has been put to the fore in the various professions. The authors seek to provide a conceptual framework within which the practitioner in professional service can consider the trend towards a marketing orientation, and propose some profitable directions for action and further research.
Managerial performance: The challenge of the future
Authors: Van Den Berg P. H. , Pelser G. P.J.
Published: August 2019

Measuring the performance of individual managers is difficult in practice because quantitative yardsticks often measure the performance of groups under the control of a manager or the performance of groups spread over departmental boundaries. If managers are measured individually there is a tendency to emphasize quantitative yardsticks only. An effort is also made to measure individual manager's performance by quantifying qualitative yardsticks. The yardsticks that cannot be quantified, that is the innovative aspects of managerial decisions, are thus neglected. The authors propose a model that can be used for the continual improvement of managerial performance. Managerial performance is the degree to which the manager can close the gap between his current and potential performance. The model takes into account that managerial performance consists of both effectiveness and efficiency. The fundamental basis of the model is the creation of continual review sessions that endeavour to improve performance by removal of the causes of substandard performance.
Communicating with illiterate consumers
Authors: Du Plessis P. J. , Prekel Truida
Published: August 2019

Communicating effectively with consumers is a major problem facing marketers world-wide. In South Africa a substantial proportion of adult consumers are illiterate. Considerable potential could be unlocked if marketers were to differentiate or expand their communication strategy to specifically address illiterate consumers. It is estimated that between 40% and 50% of adult blacks in South Africa are illiterate. Exploratory research was undertaken to establish how a sample of illiterate and semi-literate blacks perceived, recognized and understood a selection of printed advertisements of consumer products. Results indicate that respondents have a high recognition of product application, and a fairly high recognition of brand names. In some cases message distortion and misinterpretation occurred, indicating that advertisers must ensure that communication with this market segment is clear, possibly by portraying a functional or product application setting. Certain brand names have become 'elevated' to generic names, an respondents tend to have fairly strong brand preferences for certain grocery products. Female respondents appear to be an important target group for advertisers of domestic consumables and grocery items because many of them influence product choice both in their own, and in their employers' homes. Marketers should establish to what extent illiterates constitute an important market segment for them, and devise specific ways to communicate with this large group of 'unnoticed' consumers.
The relative information content of audited and unaudited financial data releases
Authors: Knight R. F. , Affleck-Graves J. F.
Published: August 2019

This article reports the results of a study which empirically investigates the relative information content of the three statutory reports required in terms of the Companies Act (1973) (viz. the interim report, the preliminary report and the annual report) in the context of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The relative information content of audited and unaudited data releases was likewise evaluated in this setting. The results presented indicate that the three statutory reports referred to each have significant information content although the PR appears to have a significantly larger information content than the others. Surprisingly, audited data do not appear to have a significantly different information content than unaudited data. A possible explanation which is tentatively offered is that audited data releases tend to be far less timely than unaudited data releases and this feature may result in a decaying of the former's incremental information content, if indeed any exists.
Die bestuur van tegnologie en hoëvlakmannekrag: Die identitisering van enkele terreine vir navorsing in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Du Preez N. P. , Uys R.
Published: August 2019

The managerial function of the modern manager has undergone a shift of focus mainly due to the epidemic rate of technological innovations. Less emphasis is placed on the recurring whilst more time and greater involvement is spent on one-off activities. The modern trend to move from heavy industry to the service sector and high technology has caused a larger and varied need for high level manpower. The manager of today and tomorrow thus has to be equipped with applicable knowledge and skills. However, the following questions need to be answered: what these knowledge and skills are?, in what sense does these differ from the present?, what remains applicable?, the extent of the knowledge on the 'new' requirements?. The aim of this research is therefore to determine the spectrum and facets, the level of research in South Africa and to identify aspects on which research can be undertaken within the fields of management of technology and high level manpower. The total spectrum of management of technology can be divided into three strata namely the macro-, intermediatory- and micro strata, and discussions will centre within this framework. The micro strata is a compilation of the technology process and its elements and other factors which might have an influence thereon or be dependent thereupon. The various elements of the technology process are discussed separately while each element is defined precisely. The present state of knowledge on this specific subject is outlined and areas for future research are identified. Identical aspects are discussed under the headings of the various other elements that function within the framework of management of technology but external to the technology process. The prime objective of the preliminary investigation on management of high level manpower was to identify the elements of management that will possibly change or expand during the management of high level manpower. Thereby a structure could be developed whereby information and techniques could be gathered and developed for the management of these activities.
Faktore by die aankoop van 'n motor vir privaatgebruik
Authors: Du Plessis P. J. , Ackermann P. L.S.
Published: August 2019

In this study an attempt is made to establish underlying dimensions from the various evaluation criteria a consumer considers when buying a motor vehicle. The sample consists of 902 consumers of all race groups in mainly metropolitan areas in South Africa who bought a new or used car for private use during the period December 1985 - May 1986. With the aid of principal-factor analysis 12 underlying dimensions out of 65 evaluation criteria were identified, namely: dealer orientation, maintenance, space convenience, driving comfort, mechanical performance, appearance, social influence, manufacturing, choice reinforcement, technical priority, discount and reputation. These factors may serve as a guideline for marketing managers to develop strategies regarding benefit segmentation, promotion and positioning.
Covered interest arbitrage opportunities in the South African foreign exchange market
Authors: Correia C. De J. , Knight R. F.
Published: August 2019

The Interest Parity Theory states that in an efficient market, any interest differential between local and foreign sources of finance will be offset by the forward premium/discount. Therefore, opportunities to engage in profitable Covered Interest Arbitrage transactions will be eliminated quickly. The fall in the Rand/Dollar exchange rate resulted in many South African companies reporting substantial foreign exchange losses on offshore loans. Companies were attracted to foreign sources of finance because of lower foreign interest rates. The authors conclude, on the basis of empirical tests, that the forward Rand/Dollar exchange rate followed its interest parity value very closely over the period August 1983 - August 1985. Opportunities to engage in risk-free arbitrage activities were offset by related transaction costs. The South African foreign exchange market is efficient to the extent that risk-free profit opportunities did not exist for the period under review and therefore there was no benefit, after adjusting for risk, for South African management to borrow from offshore sources of finance.
Asset pricing in small markets: The South African case
Authors: Bradfield D. J. , Barr G. D.I. , Affleck-Graves J. F.
Published: August 2019

The authors examine the validity of the CAPM for Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) stocks. Additional effects, namely, dividend yield, size and liquidity are also considered using traditional tests. The results indicate that the one-parameter CAPM is well-specified for the JSE. The betas of gold shares, however, are found to be poor predictors of rand returns - but improve when viewed in dollar terms. None of the above-mentioned effects are found to be significant, however, a slight preference for high-yielding gold shares is documented. Explanations for these findings are offered and contrasted with results documented on the NYSE.
Testing for significant changes in popularity
Authors: Meyer Denny H.
Published: August 2019

A graphic procedure for determining whether a statistically significant change in television ratings has occurred is proposed. The method takes into account the fact that the ratings are generated from the same sample of viewers rather than from two independent samples. In addition it incorporates the effect of sample size. The method is applicable for the analysis of all market research data collected by such panel methods.
The application of a simplified model to assess the fairness of employee selection measures in a sample of white and coloured apprentices
Authors: Birkenbach X. C. , Allan A.
Published: August 2019

While the topic of fairness in personnel selection decisions has received a great deal of attention in the United States of America over the last two decades or so, little work has been done in South Africa in this regard. In view of the possible industrial relations implications of discrimination linked to test unfairness, research needs to be undertaken in this country to examine predictor-criterion relationships for the various race groups who make up the labour force. In the present study, a simplified approach for evaluating test fairness developed by Lawshe (1983) was tested in a sample of white and coloured apprentices. Four selection instruments were related to three criteria of job success. The results of the research seem to verify the results of studies conducted in America, namely, that little evidence has emerged supporting the concepts of differential validity and differential prediction of tests for different race groups. Future research should include samples consisting of black employees in order to compare their test and criterion profiles with those of persons from other racial groups.
An empirical study of the performance of South African conglomerates
Authors: Affleck-Graves J. F. , Burt G. H. , Cleasby J. M.
Published: August 2019

Existant financial theory is unable to explain whether on aggregate conglomeration is beneficial to either individual shareholders or to the economy. Both advantages and disadvantages can be listed for the conglomeration process and it is thus an empirical question as to whether or not shareholders really do benefit from conglomeration. In this paper the long-term profitability of conglomerates is examined in an attempt to determine whether or not such shareholders earn superior returns on aggregate. This is done by contrasting the stock market performance of a sample of South African (SA) conglomerates over a six-year period with the performance of the overall market. In addition, their performance is contrasted with that of a random portfolio of non-conglomerate companies. Finally, a pseudo-conglomerate portfolio was constructed for each conglomerate in such a way that each portfolio had the same asset structure as its matched conglomerate. The performance of the conglomerates was then contrasted with that of the pseudo-conglomerate portfolio using market returns, return on assets, and return on equity. The results indicate that on aggregate, the conglomerates significantly underperform non-conglomerates. This is consistent with the view that conglomeration is in the interest of management rather than that of the shareholders.
Advertising of legal services: Perceptions of attorneys
Authors: Boshoff C.
Published: August 2019

Professional practitioners are increasingly questioning the status quo with regard to restrictions on the advertising of professional services. It occurs against the background of developments such as deregulation and increased competition from non-professionals. Professional associations are largely uncertain how to address the issue. This study is an attempt to contribute towards the debate concerning advertising in the legal profession. It reports on a survey among 1 000 practising attorneys. The study found that attorneys are generally in favour of advertising their services, but believe that it should be conducted within the confines of certain specified guidelines.
Strategic planning for information technology in South Africa: An exploratory study
Authors: Lief K. , Hoffman A. R. , Lay P. M.Q.
Published: August 2019

Many studies have been performed recently in the United States and Europe examining the nature of, and approach to, strategic planning for Information Technology. Research into the influence of strategic planning on corporate performance has also increased significantly. By contrast, very few studies have been performed on the South African corporate environment both to confirm or deny alignment with overseas studies or to determine the strategic issues concerning senior management. This was the purpose of this exploratory study. The responses of senior management in 26 large organizations are analysed. The results indicate a need for extensive management education. After examining the South African situation the authors conclude with a number of assertions which could become the focus of subsequent studies.
The effects of communication apprehension on group performance
Authors: Pitt L. F. , Nel D.
Published: August 2019

With this study the phenomenon of communication apprehension is considered and the findings of an exploratory study into the effects of communication apprehension on group performance in a computerized marketing decision-making simulation are presented. Despite the many effects of communication apprehension as alluded to in the literature, it is evident from this study that communication apprehension (or absence thereof) among some or all members of a group in participation in a business game has little or no effect on group success.In hierdie studie word die verskynsel van kommunikasievrees oorweeg, en die bevindings van 'n verkennende studie na die gevolge van kommunikasievrees op groepprestasie in 'n gerekenariseerde bemarkings-besluitnemingsimulasie bespreek. Ten spyte van die verskeidenheid gevolge van kommunikasievrees soos in die literatuur bespreek, blyk dit dat kommunikasievrees (of gebrek daaraan) onder al die of sommige van die lede van 'n groep in 'n besigheidspel, geen of 'n klein effek op die prestasie van die groep het.
The cost of capital, the dividend decision and aspects of South African practice
Authors: Paulo S. , Bosch J. K.
Published: August 2019

The objective in this article is to report on the role of the cost of capital when financial managers perform valuations in order to take a dividend decision. The dividend decision has been the subject of considerable debate with numerous models, theories, and considerations covering a wide spectrum being proposed and criticized as academicians argue the merits, relevance, and irrelevance of the dividend decision. Despite the lack of agreement as to the relevance of the dividend decision, the relevance of the cost of capital is not, per se, the subject of the dividend debate - it is central to the debate. In an attempt to establish the role and function of the cost of capital with regard to the dividend decision in South Africa, an empirical survey of all firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange was conducted. From this survey it is apparent that for the majority of the respondents the cost of capital does not have a formal or explicit impact on the dividend decision.
The process of selecting factors that predict executive remuneration
Authors: Hipkin I. B.
Published: August 2019

In this article I seek to determine those organizational and individual factors which best predict executive remuneration. I describe how a pilot study was used to test a variety of factors and to eliminate those which were clearly poor predictors of executive remuneration. Applying multiple regression analysis to the data submitted to an executive salary survey, two sets of factors were obtained. Certain factors individually proved to be better predictors, but it was found that a combination of factors yielded the highest coefficients of determination. The weighting of each factor was then determined in order to derive a market pricing model for executive remuneration.
The effects of selected trading strategies on the value of closed-end investment trusts: A test of the efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Bhana Narendra
Published: August 2019

Closed-end investment funds listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange invariably trade at discounts from their net asset value. The purpose of this article is to test a series of trading rules to determine whether an investor can capitalize on these discounts to earn excess returns. The buy-and-sell points strategy produced returns significantly in excess of these obtainable by holding the market portfolio or by following a buy-and-hold strategy. Using standard deviation of return as a proxy for risk, the results fail to confirm that an investor had to accept significantly more risk to earn a larger return. However, there is no assurance that the same strategies will produce excess returns in the future. The trading strategies tested over the 1979-88 period may require adjustments in today's market.
Quality circles as a means for achieving worker satisfaction - or just a healthy managerial climate? A South African sample
Authors: Robinson Robert J.
Published: August 2019

There is very little evidence that participative work programmes such as quality circles (QCs) improve the subjective experience of workers, either on the job, or in their lives generally. Part of the reason for such limited success is offered by literature suggesting that interventions such as QCs should reflect a general organizational philosophy of participation, rather than being the means to enforce organizational change. This study was undertaken in a large South African electrical utility, and consisted of 187 QC members and 63 non-QC members. Managerial climate was measured using a short form of Likert's organizational climate questionnaire, while worker satisfaction was measured using five different measures. Results revealed QC members scored higher on life satisfaction, self-esteem and purpose-in-life than non-QC members. Significant positive correlation was found between managerial climate and satisfaction indices. Regression analysis indicated that managerial climate variables accounted for the major share of the total variance in satisfaction indices, while participation in the QC programme accounted for relatively little: the implication is that QC participation may bring about increased worker satisfaction, but a critical prerequisite appears to be a suitably participative climate in the organization.
The use of statistical methods by MBA graduates in South African management and its implications for curriculum design
Authors: Wegner Trevor , Stray Stephanie , Naudé Peter
Published: August 2019

With this study we aim to identify the degree of penetration of statistical methods in South African management. Consequently, that section of the management population with past exposure to quantitative methods is targetted. Thus the target population was all MBA alumni from South African Business Schools operating in South African companies. A response rate of 27% (408 usable responses) was achieved. The findings of this study correlate highly with those of a similar survey conducted in the United Kingdom in 1991. In addition to reporting these findings, we also sought to examine the implications of these results on future statistical methods course planning. We recommend a change in teaching strategy to promote greater utilization of this discipline in practice.
Mislukkingvoorspelling tydens hoog- en laagkonjunktuur
Authors: Olivier Pierre
Published: August 2019

In this study failure-prognosis models have been compiled for periods of high and low economical activity. Profitability, cash flow and activity ratio's have given better classification results during high economical activity than during low economical activity. Gearing and liquidity ratio's have given better classification results during low economical activity than during high economical activity. The failure-prognosis models were interchanged and it was found that models compiled to predict business failure during high economical activity did not fare well when applied during low economical activity and vice versa.