bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of nomogram model for risk of venous thromboembolism after spine surgery based on thromboelastography and coagulation indices
Authors: He Yongtao , Wang Zhen , Zheng Xiang , Zhang Xunmeng , Guo Lianjin
Published: November 2024

Objective

To construct a nomogram model for the risk of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery based on thromboelastography and coagulation indices and give relevant verification.

Methods

Two hundred seventy-seven patients who underwent spinal surgery for spinal fractures admitted to our hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to whether venous thromboembolism occurred after surgery, they were divided into an occurrence group (confirmed by ultrasound or venography) of 34 cases and an absence group of 243 cases. The related materials, thromboelastograms and coagulation related indicators of the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models. Based on the influencing factors, the Nomogram model of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery was established and its effectiveness was verified.

Results

The proportion of patients whose age was ≥51 years old, the alpha Angle, the coagulation index (CI), the maximum thrombus amplitude (MA) and the levels of serum D-dimer (D–D), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrin degradation products (FDP), and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in the occurrence group were all significantly higher than those in the non-occurrence group. The clot formation time (K) and coagulation reaction time (R) were all lower than those in the non-occurrence group (P < 0.05). After Logistic multivariate analysis, alpha Angle, K, D-D, FDP, and TAT were all independent influencing factors of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery (P < 0.05). Based on the independent influencing factors, the nomogram model of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery was established, and the calibration curve was drawn. The consistency index was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.819–0.898), the goodness of fit test χ2 = 3.679, and P = 0.191 > 0.05. The calibration curve had a high degree of fit with the ideal curve. The clinical decision curve indicates that the net benefit of the prediction model is higher when the threshold probability is 0.1–0.9.

Conclusion

A nomogram model based on alpha Angle, K, D-D, FDP, TAT and other independent influencing factors of venous thromboembolism in patients after spinal surgery has a high degree of fitting and high prediction value.
Screening and genome analysis of heat-resistant and antioxidant lactic acid bacteria from Holstein cow milk
Authors: Wang Jiali , Liu Yunjiang , Zheng Haohong , Xin Jialiang , Zhong Zhijun , Liu Haifeng , Huang Yixin , Fu Hualin , Zhou Ziyao , Peng Guangneng
Published: November 2024

Background

Heat stress significantly impacts dairy cows, primarily through oxidative stress, which undermines their health. The problem is exacerbated by the ongoing global warming trend. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are safe, economical, and readily accessible options for enhancing the host’s antioxidant defenses and preventing oxidative damage. They have been proven effective in alleviating heat stress-related damage, making them an excellent choice for protecting dairy cows from the adverse effects of heat stress.

Method

In this study, five strains of LAB from Holstein cow milk (Lactobacillus plantarum L5, L14, L17, L19, L20) were evaluated for their heat resistance and antioxidant capacity by evaluating the growth characteristics and tolerance of the strains under high-temperature conditions, as well as their H2O2 tolerance, free radical scavenging ability (DPPH, OH−, ABTS), reducing ability, and EPS production ability. Furthermore, we employed Caco-2 cells to assess the adhesion rate of the strain, thereby confirming its ability to successfully colonize the host’s intestinal tract and ensuring the effective execution of its probiotic functions. The strain with excellent heat resistance and antioxidant capacity was then subjected to genomic analysis to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind their heat resistance, antioxidant capacity, and safety.

Results

Among the two strains, Lactobacillus plantarum L19 emerges as a highly promising candidate. The strain exhibits robust growth even at high temperatures at 40°C and maintains a survival rate of 16.42% at the extreme temperature of 65°C. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (27.3%), and possesses a notably higher free radical scavenging capacity with a high adhesion rate to Caco-2 cell (22.19%) compared to the other four strains tested. Genomic analysis revealed its’ genome has 17 genes related to antioxidants and three genes related to heat resistance. Importantly, L19 lacks any resistance genes, ensuring its safety as a probiotic.

Conclusion

The results imply that Lactobacillus plantarum L19 has the potential to serve as an effective food additive in mitigating damages associated with heat stress. This research offers a valuable reference for the prevention and management of heat stress in dairy cows, while also expanding the scope of applications for LAB derived from cow milk.
Bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter-expressing recombinant Akabane virus (AKAV): an excellent tool to dissect viral replication
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Fang , Zhao Jiangang , Qi Yinglin , Chang Jitao , Sun Chao , Jiang Zhigang , Ge Junwei , Yin Xin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Akabane virus (AKAV) is a worldwide epidemic arbovirus belonging to the Bunyavirales order that predominantly infects livestock and causes severe congenital malformations. Reporter-expressing recombinant virus represents a powerful tool to characterize the viral biology in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

In this study, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system for AKAV. The recued virus possessed similar growth characteristics to the parental virus in vitro. Moreover, the recombinant AKAV reporter viruses expressing nanoluciferase (Nluc) or mWasabi were constructed by inserting into S segment, named rAKAV-Nluc and rAKAV-mWasabi, respectively.

Results

We investigated the virological characteristics of rAKAV-Nluc and rAKAV-mWasabi and found that rAKAV-Nluc displayed similar growth kinetics as the parental virus and could stably produce the nano-luciferase even after 10 rounds of serial passages. rAKAV-mWasabi also exhibited comparable growth kinetics and genetic stability as the parental virus. We further used the two reporter viruses to test the susceptibility of different cell lines to AKAV and found that cell lines derived from various host species, including human, swine, cattle, and monkey enables AKAV replication efficiently, accelerating our understanding of the AKAV cell tropism range.

Discussion

Taken together, our established reverse genetics system for AKAV provides more convenient screening tools and can be used to study AKAV virulence and tropism, and to elucidate the molecular biology of AKAV.
Deciphering supramolecular arrangements, micellization patterns, and antimicrobial potential of bacterial rhamnolipids under extreme treatments of temperature and electrolyte
Authors: Sikandar Samia , Jamal Asif , Mansoor Afsheen , Bekhit Mounir M. , Ghazanfar Shakira , Ali Muhammad Ishtiaq , Urynowicz Michael , Huang Zaixing
Published: November 2024

The micellization properties of rhamnolipids (RLs) in extreme electrolyte concentrations and temperatures have gained considerable attention due to their broad industrial applications. In this study, the aggregation behavior, specifically the micellization pattern (critical micelle concentration (CMC)) of RLs produced from a newly isolated thermophilic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a harsh environment of an oil field, was investigated by a spectrophotometric method at various temperatures (293–393 K) and electrolyte concentrations (NaCl: 2–20%). The result indicated that the CMC values (0.267–0.140 mM⋅dm−3) were both electrolyte- and temperature-dependent exhibiting a U-shaped trend as temperature and NaCl concentration increased. Variations in NaCl concentration and temperature also affected the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGomic), enthalpy (ΔHomic), and entropy (ΔSomic) of micellization. The molecule also showed stability at a broad range of temperatures, pH, and NaCl concentrations. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the similarity in composition between the crude extract and the commercial RL with Rf values of 0.72 for mono-rhamnolipids and 0.28 for di-rhamnolipids. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical nature particularly key aliphatic functional groups present in the fatty acid tail of RLs and the -COC- bond in the structure of the rhamnose moiety. Additionally, LC-ESI-QTOF analysis confirmed corresponding ionic fragments of mono- and di-rhamnolipids congeners. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential was determined against different human pathogens in the absence and presence of NaCl by measuring zones of inhibition. The result revealed enhanced inhibitory effects against Gram-positive pathogens (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and L. monocytogene), with zones of inhibition of 26, 30, and 20 mm in the presence of NaCl. These findings underline the role of NaCl in the micellization of RL molecules and highlight their importance in environmental applications, pharmaceuticals, and various life science sectors.
Hydrogen peroxide disrupts the regulatory pathway of saliva secretion in two salivary acinar rat cell lines
Authors: Golnarnik Golnaz , Søland Tine M. , Galtung Hilde K. , Haug Trude M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Secretion of saliva is controlled by autonomic nerve signals via regulation of Ca2+-dependent ion transport across acinar cell membranes. Oxidative stress may affect this process, leading to a decrease in saliva production. This study investigates elements of the Ca2+ regulatory pathway and their vulnerability to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

Methods

Rat parotid and submandibular salivary gland acinar cell lines were exposed to different hydrogen peroxide concentrations to simulate oxidative stress. Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured, mRNA levels were assessed via RT-qPCR, and protein expression was studied using western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy.

Results

Elevated concentrations of hydrogen peroxide reduced cell viability and increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and led to a decrease in cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 and adrenoreceptor alpha 1A mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. In parotid gland cells, both mRNA and protein levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 decreased with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, in submandibular gland cells stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 displayed differential mRNA and protein expression levels.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that hydrogen peroxide exposure alters rat parotid and submandibular acinar cells, increasing reactive oxygen species and reducing autonomic receptor expression. Differential mRNA and protein expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 highlight complex oxidative stress effects on Ca2⁺ signaling. Most likely these effects will be deleterious to salivary secretion, but some effects may be protective.
Protein-free domains in native and ferroptosis-driven oxidized cell membranes: a molecular dynamics study of biophysical properties and doxorubicin uptake
Authors: Shabanpour Yaser , Hajipour-Verdom Behnam , Abdolmaleki Parviz , Alipour Mozhgan
Published: November 2024

Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Despite its significance, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis remain elusive, particularly concerning their impact on membrane properties. This study aimed to investigate the biophysical changes in plasma membranes due to lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis and their impact on the uptake of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anticancer agent linked to ferroptosis. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we compared native red blood cell membranes (protein-free domains) with a ferroptosis model, in which PUFAs were replaced with hydroperoxide derivatives. Our findings reveal that the ferroptotic membrane exhibits decreased thickness and increased lipid area while maintaining overall integrity. The hydroperoxide groups localized in the disordered tail regions, enhancing tail mobility and facilitating hydrogen bonding. Lipid lateral diffusion was significantly altered, both layers of the ferroptotic membrane exhibited slower diffusion rates compared to the native membrane. Furthermore, lipid oxidation affected diffusion activation energies. Importantly, we found that DOX could penetrate the oxidized ferroptosis membrane with a lower free-energy barrier (∆GPB) of approximately 38 kJ.mol−1. Consequently, DOX’s permeability was approximately seven orders of magnitude higher than that of the native membrane. In summary, lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis induces extensive structural and dynamic changes, influencing membrane behavior and potentially offering insights that could inform future therapeutic strategies.
Neuroinflammation modifies the relationship between stress and perivascular spaces in an elderly population with different levels of cognitive impairment
Authors: Sibilia Francesca , Sheikh-Bahaei Nasim , Mack Wendy J. , Barisano Giuseppe , Choupan Jeiran
Published: November 2024

Background

Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled spaces surrounding the brain parenchymal vasculature. Literature suggests that PVS may play a significant role in aging and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the relationship between MRI-visible PVS and stress is influenced by neuroinflammation in an elderly population with different levels of cognitive impairment.

Methods

Using brain MRI scans acquired at 1.5 T, PVS were quantified in a cohort of 461 individuals, consisting of cognitively healthy controls (n = 48), people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 322) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 91). PVS volume fraction was calculated in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale using a semi-automated segmentation approach. Stress was quantified with levels of salivary cortisol. Inflammatory biomarkers measured from plasma included cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and C-reactive protein. General linear models were used to test the relationship between PVS and cortisol, when interacting with inflammatory markers. This was done on the whole cohort and within each clinical cognitive group.

Results

In the centrum semiovale, higher inflammation levels reduced the relationship of cortisol with PVS. In basal ganglia, higher levels of C-reactive protein reduced the negative relationship of cortisol with PVS. All analyses were accounted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total hippocampal volume. There was a significant interaction effect between cortisol and C-reactive protein on PVS volume fraction in the MCI group.

Discussion

These findings suggest an influence of neuroinflammation on the PVS structure in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, and offer insight for better understanding physiological processes of cognitive impairment onset.
Synchronized stepwise control of firing and learning thresholds in a spiking randomly connected neural network toward hardware implementation
Authors: Nomura Kumiko , Nishi Yoshifumi
Published: November 2024

Spiking randomly connected neural network (RNN) hardware is promising as ultimately low power devices for temporal data processing at the edge. Although the potential of RNNs for temporal data processing has been demonstrated, randomness of the network architecture often causes performance degradation. To mitigate such degradation, self-organization mechanism using intrinsic plasticity (IP) and synaptic plasticity (SP) should be implemented in the spiking RNN. Therefore, we propose hardware-oriented models of these functions. To implement the function of IP, a variable firing threshold is introduced to each excitatory neuron in the RNN that changes stepwise in accordance with its activity. We also define other thresholds for SP that synchronize with the firing threshold, which determine the direction of stepwise synaptic update that is executed on receiving a pre-synaptic spike. To discuss the effectiveness of our model, we perform simulations of temporal data learning and anomaly detection using publicly available electrocardiograms (ECGs) with a spiking RNN. We observe that the spiking RNN with our IP and SP models realizes the true positive rate of 1 with the false positive rate being suppressed at 0 successfully, which does not occur otherwise. Furthermore, we find that these thresholds as well as the synaptic weights can be reduced to binary if the RNN architecture is appropriately designed. This contributes to minimization of the circuit of the neuronal system having IP and SP.
A systematic review: enhancing stroke recovery through complementary interventions—Clinical outcomes and neural activity insights
Authors: Ismail Umi Nabilah , Yahya Noorazrul , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Law Zhe Kang , Abdul Manan Hanani
Published: November 2024

The growing interest in complementary interventions for stroke recovery necessitates the need for neural insights to aid in making evidence-based clinical decisions. This systematic review examined the brain activation effects of complementary therapies, including acupuncture (n = 5), motor imagery therapy (MIT) (n = 5), music (n = 3), and virtual reality (VR) interventions (n = 3), on clinical outcomes and neural activity in stroke patients. All therapies engaged motor and sensory networks, frontal regions, parietal regions, and temporal regions, suggesting their potential to improve motor control, attention, memory, and cognitive function. Acupuncture activated motor areas in both hemispheres, while MIT stimulated frontoparietal regions in both sides of the brain, supporting whole-body integration in recovery. In contrast, VR therapy exhibited ipsilesional lateralization, while music therapy showed left-lateralization. The review also found that increased interhemispheric connectivity between motor regions, along with intrahemispheric ipsilesional connectivity between motor, cognitive, and sensory areas, is key to achieving better clinical outcomes.

Systematic Review Registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier (ID: CRD42023455192).
Cortical structural network characteristics in non-cognitive impairment end-stage renal disease
Authors: Wang Yimin , Chen Shihua , Zhang Peng , Zhai Zixuan , Chen Zheng , Li Zhiming
Published: November 2024

Objective

Explore alterations in topological features of gray matter volume (GMV) and structural networks in non-cognitive impairment end-stage renal disease (Non-CI ESRD).

Materials and methods

Utilizing graph theory, we collected structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from 38 Non-CI ESRD patients and 50 normal controls (NC). We compared, and extracted the GMV across subject groups, constructed corresponding structural covariance networks (SCNs), and investigated the alterations in SCNs feature parameters between groups.

Results

In Non-CI ESRD patients, The GMV were reduced in several brain regions, predominantly on the left side (p < 0.05, FWE correction). The small-world network characteristics of the patient group’s brain networks showed a tendency toward regular. In a few densities, global network parameters, transitivity, (p < 0.05) was significantly increased in the ESRD group. Regional network measurements revealed inconsistent changes in regional efficiency across different brain areas. In the analysis of network hubs, the right temporal pole is likely a compensatory hub for Non-CI ESRD patients. The SCNs in Non-CI ESRD patients demonstrated reduced topological stability against targeted attacks.

Conclusion

This study reveals that patients with renal failure exhibited subtle changes in brain network characteristics even before a decline in cognitive scores. These changes involve compensatory activation in certain brain regions, which enhances network transitivity to maintain the efficiency of whole-brain network information integration without significant loss. Additionally, the SCNs characteristics can serve as a neuroanatomical marker for brain alterations in Non-CI ESRD patients, offering new insights into the mechanisms of early brain injury in ESRD patients.
Case report: Metastatic melanoma derived from a somatic-type malignant transformation of a mediastinal teratoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Rosenfeld Roberto , Riondino Silvia , Parisi Giusy , Iannantuono Giovanni Maria , Ajdhoni Rexhina , Torino Francesco , Mariotti Sabrina , Roselli Mario
Published: November 2024

The treatment of patients affected by a teratoma with somatic-type malignancy (STM) is challenging, since they are characterized by a poor prognosis, due to chemoresistance to standard cisplatin-based regimens. Only five more case reports were described for melanomatous STM and for which there are no data available for efficacy evidences of immune checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Here we report the case of a patient with an initial diagnosis of mediastinal pure seminoma at the first biopsy. After four cycles of a standard cisplatin-based regimen and a partial response, a radical surgery was performed, revealing a mediastinal teratoma with triple STM component (melanoma, leiomyoarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor). However, during post-surgical follow-up, he developed distant metastases from the melanomatous component and a first-line treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) was started.
Sex-specific difference for melanoma from immunotherapy advancement
Authors: Li Qianqian , Dong Ying , Ma Yujiao , Mo You , Yuan Jupeng , Liu Xu
Published: November 2024

Background

The evaluation of melanoma incidence and mortality trends based on population characteristics, with a particular focus on sex differences, is of utmost importance.

Methods

The gender-stratified analysis of melanoma mortality across various calendar years was conducted. Utilizing the Joinpoint software, we detected alterations in the incidence rates and delineated the mortality trends.

Results

Melanoma’s incidence-based mortality exhibited a rising trajectory between 2005 and 2010, characterized by an annual percent change (APC) of 2.95%. However, there was a significant decrease in mortality from 2015 to 2019, with an APC of -4.39%. Notably, the mortality among men decreased by about 5.84% between 2015 and 2019, while there was no significant downward trend in the mortality rate among women. Subsequent analysis revealed no statistically significant variation in the 2-year survival rate of female patients aged 45-54 years among different age groups (Z=-0.775, p >0.1).

Conclusions

Between 2015 and 2019, against the backdrop of stable melanoma incidence rates in the United States, there was a significant decline in mortality. Our analysis suggests that the utilization of immunotherapy may account for the observed reduction in mortality, with particularly notable benefits for male patients. However, female patients, especially younger women, did not derive significant advantages.
Short-term effects of opioids during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Jumani Tina , Mishra Priya , Robinson Tonya , Shenberger Jeffrey S. , Davis Jonathan M. , Sweigart Benjamin , Turcu Rodica M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To examine the effects of opioids during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on short-term outcomes in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).

Methods

Multicenter retrospective study of neonates with moderate/severe NE from Jan. 2013–Feb 2021. Opioid exposure was classified as positive (>0.1 mg/kg) or negative (no exposure or ≤0.1 mg/kg) based on cumulative morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Results

One hundred and twenty neonates were included. Adjusted analyses indicated that opioid exposure was associated with an increase in (1) length of hospitalization, (2) hypotension/use of vasopressors, and (3) need for and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Many findings persisted even after adjusting for site and the presence of confirmed seizures (a marker of disease severity).

Discussion

Opioid use during TH was associated with adverse effects on short-term outcomes. Caution should be exercised when using opioids during TH until longer-term neurodevelopmental outcome studies can be conducted in larger cohorts.
Parental attitudes and perceptions towards the recruitment of children to clinical trials: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Safra Ibrahim Farhan , Alnaimi Shaikha Jabor , Gad Gehad , Abraham Aliamma , Al-Hammadi Ahmad Hassan , Bayoumi Mohammad A. A. , Alyafai Fawziya , Gad Ashraf
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical trials (CTs) in children are critical for understanding and treating childhood diseases. However, there trials require prior permission from parents. We evaluated parental attitudes and perceptions regarding the recruitment of their children in CTs.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional survey questionnaire targeting parents of children admitted to the neonatal and pediatric departments in two tertiary hospitals in Qatar. The survey was administered by investigators and was composed of two domains to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents regarding children's enrollment in CTs, in addition to the participant's demographics domain.

Results

Of the 167 questionnaires offered to parents, we received a total of 138 responses, resulting in a response rate of 82.6%, with the majority being women (72%). Many parents (75%) expressed willingness to enroll their children in CTs. However, 66% opposed new experimental treatments for their child, while 41% agreed to new treatments if they had previously been used in the medical field. Logistic regression analysis revealed key predictors influencing parents’ decisions to include their children in CTs, including having a newborn (aOR = 17.651, p < 0.001), families with five or more members (aOR = 3.293, p = 0.012), collecting blood samples (aOR = 8.602, p = 0.003), performing additional tests on collected samples (aOR = 4.115, p = 0.046), belief in helping others (aOR = 8.744, p = 0.002), and the option of home therapy (aOR = 7.090, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Many parents are open to enrolling their children in CTs, particularly when treatments have been previously used. Factors like having a newborn, large family size, blood collection, additional tests, and home therapy influence their decisions. Clear communication can enhance recruitment in pediatric trials.
Association between different GLP-1 receptor agonists and acute pancreatitis: case series and real-world pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Guo Hui , Guo Qian , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Ze
Published: November 2024

Objective

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown notable advancements in managing blood sugar control. Nevertheless, there remains a gap in real-world data regarding the variation in acute pancreatitis (AP) risk among different GLP-1 RAs. Our study aimed to characterize and evaluate AP associated with different GLP-1 RAs (exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide and tirzepatide) in a public adverse events database and to review the relevant case reports.

Methods

We described a case series of patients experiencing AP while on GLP-1 RAs. Additionally, we utilized various algorithms including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) to analyze data from the Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) regarding suspected adverse events of AP linked to GLP-1 RAs from January 2005 to September 2023.

Results

Our case series comprised thirty-nine patients who experienced AP events while on GLP-1 RAs. Within the FAERS database, we retrieved a total of 6,751 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) involving various GLP-1 RAs. The median age of the patients included in our study was 57 years (range: 14–99), with 98.3% of cases classified as serious. Signals indicating AP were observed across all GLP-1 RAs, with particular emphasis on exenatide and liraglutide.

Conclusion

There is a notable reporting signal of AP associated with all GLP-1 RAs. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant and closely monitor this potentially life-threatening adverse event.
Roles of macrophages in lupus nephritis
Authors: Cheng Yaqian , Liu Lulu , Ye Yufei , He Yingxue , Hu Wenwen , Ke Haiyan , Guo Zhi-Yong , Shao Guojian
Published: November 2024

LN is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affecting up to 60% of patients with SLE and may lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Macrophages play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of LN, including clearance of immune complexes, antigen presentation, regulation of inflammation, and tissue repair. Macrophages are abundant in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of LN patients and are positively correlated with serum creatinine levels and the severity of renal pathology. It has been shown that the infiltration of macrophages is closely associated with several clinical indicators, such as serum creatinine and complement C3 levels, anti-dsDNA antibody titers, Austin score, interstitial fibrosis and renal tubular atrophy. Moreover, cytokines expressed by macrophages were upregulated at LN onset and downregulated after remission, suggesting that macrophages may serve as markers of LN pathogenesis and remission. Therapies targeting macrophages have been shown to alleviate LN. There are two main types of macrophages in the kidney: kidney-resident macrophages (KRMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). KRMs and MDMs play different pathological roles in LN, with KRMs promoting leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation by expressing monocyte chemokines, while MDMs may exacerbate autoimmune responses by presenting immune complex antigens. Macrophages exhibit high plasticity and can differentiate into various phenotypes in response to distinct environmental stimuli. M1 (proinflammatory) macrophages are linked to the progression of active SLE, whereas the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype is observed during the remission phase of LN. The polarization of macrophages in LN can be manipulated through multiple pathways, such as the modulation of signaling cascades including TLR 2/1, S1P, ERS, metabolic reprogramming, and HMGB1. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of macrophages in the progression of lupus nephritis (LN), and elucidates how these cells and their secretory products function as indicators and therapeutic targets for the disease in the context of diagnosis and treatment of LN.
Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal anti-immunosuppression mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Zhang Xue , Wu Yi , Wei Qianfei , Yan Lingshan , Yu Youli , Guo Yanan , Yu Zhengqin , Wang Pan , Yang Xiaonan
Published: November 2024

It is well documented that immunosuppression in chickens increases the risk of secondary infections and immunodeficiencies, resulting in significant financial setbacks for the poultry sector. It is crucial to determine if Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) can counteract immune suppression in young chickens, considering its known ability to modulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the antagonistic effect and mechanism of LBP on immunosuppression in chicks. A total of 200 seven-day-old Hyland Brown laying hens were used to develop an immunosuppression model and to investigate the optimal time of use and optimal dosage of LBP. A further 120 seven-day-old Hyland Brown laying hens were used to investigate the mechanism of antagonism of LBP against immunosuppression at the optimal time and dosage. The results demonstrated that LBP significantly elevated body weight, spleen index, and peripheral lymphocyte transformation rate, and ameliorated pathological spleen damage in immunosuppressed chickens. A total of 178 differential genes were significantly upregulated following LBP intervention, with a significant enrichment in immune-related pathways, including the chemokine signalling pathway, the C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, the B-cell receptor signalling pathway, platelet activation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. A total of 20 different metabolites were identified by metabolomics, which were mainly involved in vitamin metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The integrated examination of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway stands out as the most significant among all metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that LBP regulate the immune system in a multi-pathway and multi-target way.
Multifaceted impacts of nanoparticles on plant nutrient absorption and soil microbial communities
Authors: Zhang Hanfeng , Zheng Tiantian , Wang Yue , Li Ting , Chi Qing
Published: November 2024

With the growth of the global population and the increasing scarcity of resources, the sustainability and efficiency improvement of agricultural production have become urgent needs. The rapid development of nanotechnology provides new solutions to this challenge, especially the application of nanoparticles in agriculture, which is gradually demonstrating its unique advantages and broad prospects. Nonetheless, various nanoparticles can influence plant growth in diverse manners, often through distinct mechanisms of action. Beyond their direct effects on the plant itself, they frequently alter the physicochemical properties of the soil and modulate the structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. This review focuses intently on the diverse methods through which nanoparticles can modulate plant growth, delving deeply into the interactions between nanoparticles and plants, as well as nanoparticles with soil and microbial communities. The aim is to offer a comprehensive reference for the utilization of functionalized nanoparticles in the agricultural sector.
Pan-genome wide identification and analysis of the SAMS gene family in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) revealed their intraspecies diversity and potential roles in abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Zhang Chun , Li Haoyu , Yin Jiamin , Han Zhibin , Liu Xinqi , Chen Yang
Published: November 2024

Introduction

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key molecule in plant biology, plays an essential role in stress response and growth regulation. Despite its importance, the SAM synthetase (SAMS) gene family in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) remains poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, the SAMS genes were identified from the sunflower genome. Subsequently, the protein properties, gene structure, chromosomal location, cis-acting elements, collinearity, and phylogeny of the SAMS gene family were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Finally, the expression patterns of SAMS genes in different tissues, under different hormonal treatment and abiotic stress were analyzed based on transcriptome data and qRT-PCR.

Results

This study identified 58 SAMS genes across nine cultivated sunflower species, which were phylogenetically classified into seven distinct subgroups. Physicochemical properties and gene structure analysis showed that the SAMS genes are tightly conserved between cultivars. Collinearity analysis revealed segmental duplications as the primary driver of gene family expansion. The codon usage bias analysis suggested that natural selection substantially shapes the codon usage patterns of sunflower SAMS genes, with a bias for G/C-ending high-frequency codons, particularly encoding glycine, leucine, and arginine. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions, implied their potential roles in stress responsiveness. Differential expression patterns for HanSAMS genes were observed in different tissues as well as under hormone treatment or abiotic stress conditions by analyzing RNA-seq data from previous studies and qRT-PCR data in our current study. The majority of genes demonstrated a robust response to BRA and IAA treatments in leaf tissues, with no significant expression change observed in roots, suggesting the response of HanSAMS genes to hormones is tissue-specific. Expression analyses under abiotic stresses demonstrated diverse expression profiles of HanSAMS genes, with HanSAMS5 showing significant upregulation in response to both drought and salt stresses.

Discussion

This comprehensive genomic and expression analysis provides valuable insights into the SAMS gene family in sunflowers, laying a robust foundation for future functional studies and applications in crop improvement for stress resilience.
The moderating role of the late positive potential in the link between attachment anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties
Authors: Ramos-Henderson Miguel , Guzmán-González Mónica , Bahamondes Joaquín , Domic-Siede Marcos
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Understanding how adults experience and regulate their emotions is strongly linked to attachment orientations. Numerous studies indicate emotional regulation difficulties in both attachment avoidance and anxiety. Additionally, emotional Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP), reveal the process of emotional information at the cerebral level, and thus, LPP is commonly used in studies examining emotion regulation processes. For instance, when individuals are asked to use cognitive strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease their emotional responses to stimuli, changes in LPP amplitude can reflect the effectiveness of these regulation strategies. However, little is known about the potential moderating effect of the LPP during the implementation of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between attachment dimensions and emotional dysregulation. To address this oversight, the purpose of the present study was to examine the association between both dimensions of attachment, anxiety and avoidance, and emotional dysregulation, as well as the moderating role of the LPP during the induced implementation of cognitive reappraisal.

Methods

Brain activity was recorded using EEG from n = 63 adults while they performed a task in which they were instructed to either reappraise or suppress emotions elicited by unpleasant images. To assess the associations between LPP, emotional dysregulation, and attachment orientations, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Spanish version (DERS-E) and the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR-12) were used.

Results

Interestingly, we found that greater LPP amplitudes during reappraisal implementation intensified the association between attachment anxiety and emotional regulation difficulties. Conversely, this relationship was non-significant under lower levels of LPP amplitude—Providing supporting evidence for the moderating role of LPP.

Discussion

Our results highlight how attachment anxiety can influence the ability to regulate emotions. This study provides new insights into how variations in LPP contribute to the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies.
Investigating resilience in patients with IBD: preliminary insights for understanding disease-specific resilience skills
Authors: Mendiolaza Michelle , Ogundipe Tonia , Arroyave-Villada Juan , Adeonigbagbe Olusola , Gorbenko Ksenia , Keefer Laurie
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) significantly impact patients’ quality of life. While research highlights the potential role of psychological resilience to enhance overall health and well-being in patients with chronic conditions, its specific role in the context of IBD remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify key components of resilience, while serving as a precursor to the development of a disease-specific Resilience Scale for IBD (RISE-IBD).

Methods

In semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews, fifteen patients with IBD discussed their perspectives on the construct of resilience, particularly in terms of the diverse strategies they employed to overcome IBD-related challenges. Patients also deliberated on the relevance of themes identified in two widely used and validated resilience measures. Four analysts coded the transcripts using MAXQDA. Selected items for the drafted measure were refined based on constructive feedback from an additional focus group with study participants and six multidisciplinary IBD professionals, thus establishing face and content validity.

Results

The qualitative analysis revealed critical themes of resilience for IBD including: (1) seeking physical and emotional support from others, (2) developing personal coping mechanisms to manage stress, and (3) employing strategic disease-management techniques. These themes led to the identification of 17 items, which were categorized into three domains: interpersonal fortitude, individual character strengths, and logistical strategies.

Discussion

This study highlights the critical role of resilience, a core concept in positive psychology, in the effective self-management of IBD. The findings underscore the importance of building upon resilience strategies to help patients bolster the psychological potencies needed to manage their condition more effectively. Future research will focus on the psychometric validation of items identified for the scale. By incorporating resilience-building strategies into IBD care, we can support patients in developing a more positive outlook and improved life satisfaction.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding tuberculosis in a labor-intensive industrial district
Authors: Li Jin , Lu Liping , Zou Jinyan , Li Yong , Fu Lijuan , Zhao Qi
Published: November 2024

Background

In China, tuberculosis (TB) is a major contributor to deaths caused by infectious diseases, with a significant number of cases remaining undetected. Lack of knowledge could heighten the chances of infecting TB. Due to the lack of information on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to TB among labor-intensive businesses, the study aimed to evaluate the TB KAP within this demographic.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,007 participants from March 1 to 28, 2023. A survey was created for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to tuberculosis, and was sent to employees within the company. We utilize t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between TB knowledge, attitudes, and practices and various influencing factors.

Results

The mean good scores rate for TB KAP were 43.5, 23.5, and 75.3%, respectively. Native, female, and workers living in their own houses had a higher score in TB knowledge. Native, non-operators, and workers with a history of TB contact had higher scores in TB practice. Regarding the multivariable linear regression analysis, sex, seniority, birthplace, marital status, and sources of information were associated with greater knowledge; monthly income categories were associated with greater attitude; and position, birthplace, and contact history were associated with greater practice.

Conclusion

The survey results lead to the assumption that the level of KAP toward TB is not high among manufacturing workers in Songjiang district. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and practices within this demographic.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in adult patients and parents of pediatric atopic dermatitis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nie Zhifeng , Fan Pengyang , Zhou Yuting , Han Sheng
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of adult Atopic Dermatitis patients and parents of pediatric atopic dermatitis patients toward the disease.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2022, involving 1,193 Asian Atopic Dermatitis patients from the Atopic Dermatitis patient organization “Atopic Dermatitis Home.” The study included 594 adult patients and 599 parents of pediatric atopic dermatitis patients, with self-designed questionnaires assessing general demographics and continuous variables KAP.

Results

Adult patients demonstrated higher knowledge scores, particularly in areas of bathing and skincare (3.64 ± 0.68 vs. 3.35 ± 0.93, p < 0.01), and treatment precautions (3.35 ± 0.93 vs. 3.81 ± 0.51, p < 0.01), compared to parents of pediatric patients. In terms of practices, adult patients scored higher in treatment adherence (0.69 ± 0.96 vs. 3.33 ± 1.19, p < 0.01) and lifestyle management (1.85 ± 0.39 vs. 1.69 ± 0.59, p < 0.01), while parents scored higher in risk avoidance (1.58 ± 0.79 vs. 1.62 ± 0.88, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that knowledge and attitudes significantly positively affected practices. Treatment adherence was positively associated with knowledge of treatment precautions (B = 0.323, 95% CI 0.175, 0.471, p < 0.001) and negatively with disease characteristics (B = -0.112, 95% CI -0.216, −0.008, p = 0.035). Self-treatment was positively associated with knowledge of disease characteristics (B = 0.154, 95% CI 0.036, 0.272, p = 0.011) and medication attitudes (B = 0.282, 95% CI 0.208, 0.356, p < 0.001). Lifestyle management was positively associated with knowledge of skincare (B = 0.071, 95% CI 0.036, 0.106, p < 0.001) and treatment precautions (B = 0.160, 95% CI 0.096, 0.224, p < 0.001), but negatively with patient type (B = -0.127, 95% CI -0.184, −0.070, p < 0.001). Risk avoidance was positively associated with knowledge of skincare (B = 0.128, 95% CI 0.067, 0.189, p < 0.001) and treatment precautions (B = 0.163, 95% CI 0.053, 0.273, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

The study concluded that knowledge and attitudes significantly affect health practices among Atopic Dermatitis patients. Enhancing patient education on treatment precautions and skincare can improve adherence and management behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions.