bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing COVID-19 physical distancing policies: results from a physical distancing intensity coding framework for Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, Ukraine, and the United States
Authors: Lane Jeff , Means Arianna Rubin , Bardosh Kevin , Shapoval Anna , Vio Ferruccio , Anderson Clive , Cushnie Anya , Forster Norbert , Ledikwe Jenny , O’Malley Gabrielle , Mawandia Shreshth , Parvez Anwar , Perrone Lucy , Mudender Florindo
Published: October 2021

Background

Understanding the differences in timing and composition of physical distancing policies is important to evaluate the early global response to COVID-19. A physical distancing intensity monitoring framework comprising 16 domains was recently published to compare physical distancing approaches across 12 U.S. States. We applied this framework to a diverse set of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, and Ukraine) to test the appropriateness of this framework in the global context and to compare the policy responses in these LMICs with a sample of U.S. States during the first 100-days of the pandemic.

Results

The LMICs in our sample adopted wide ranging physical distancing policies. The highest peak daily physical distancing intensity during this period was: Botswana (4.60); India (4.40); Ukraine (4.40); Namibia (4.20); Mozambique (3.87), and Jamaica (3.80). The number of days each country stayed at peak policy intensity ranged from 12-days (Jamaica) to more than 67-days (Mozambique). We found some key similarities and differences, including substantial differences in whether and how countries expressly required certain groups to stay at home. Despite the much higher number of cases in the US, the physical distancing responses in our LMIC sample were generally more intense than in the U.S. States, but results vary depending on the U.S. State. The peak policy intensity for the U.S. 12-state average was 3.84, which would place it lower than every LMIC in this sample except Jamaica. The LMIC sample countries also reached peak physical distancing intensity earlier in outbreak progression compared to the U.S. states sample. The easing of physical distancing policies in the LMIC sample did not discernably correlate with change in COVID-19 incidence.

Conclusions

This physical distancing intensity framework was appropriate for the LMIC context with only minor adaptations. This framework may be useful for ongoing monitoring of physical distancing policy approaches and for use in effectiveness analyses. This analysis helps to highlight the differing paths taken by the countries in this sample and may provide lessons to other countries regarding options for structuring physical distancing policies in response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks.
Transient central precocious puberty: a new entity among the spectrum of precocious puberty?
Authors: Assirelli Valentina , Baronio Federico , Ortolano Rita , Maltoni Giulio , Zucchini Stefano , Di Natale Valeria , Cassio Alessandra
Published: October 2021

Objective

Recently, we observed some cases of Precocious Puberty (PP) with a partial central activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that tended to normalized in 6–12 months. To evaluate the frequency of this form within the spectrum of forms of PP, we retrospectively assessed the clinical, hormonal and ultrasound characteristics of patients attending to our Center for signs of PP, between 2007 and 2017. To hypothesize some causes of this “pubertal poussée” a questionnaire about environmental data was provided to patients.

Methods

96 girls were recruited for the study and divided into three Groups. Group 1: 56 subjects with Central PP (CPP) requiring treatment with GnRH analogue; Group 2: 22 subjects with transient activation of pubertal axis, that tended to normalize, “Transient CPP”(T-CPP); Group 3: 18 subjects with Isolated Thelarche (IT).

Results

Mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 ± 1.0 years in Group 1, 5.9 ± 1.3 years in Group 2 and 5.6 ± 1.5 years in Group 3. A significant increase of diagnosis of T-CPP was observed over the study period. Significantly higher use of some homeopathic medicines and potential exposure to pesticides was reported in Group 2 vs Group 1.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, we first reported a form defined as T-CPP, characterized by partial activation in the HPG axis normalizing over time. An increased use of homeopathic medicines and exposure to environmental pollutants in these patients was evidenced.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing directed by a 5S rRNA–tRNAGly hybrid promoter in the thermophilic filamentous fungus Humicola insolens
Authors: Fan Chao , Zhang Wei , Su Xiaoyun , Ji Wangli , Luo Huiying , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Bo , Yao Bin , Huang Huoqing , Xu Xinxin
Published: October 2021

Background

Humicola insolens is a filamentous fungus with high potential of producing neutral and heat- and alkali-resistant cellulase. However, the genetic engineering tools, particularly the genome-editing tool, are scarce, hindering the study of cellulase expression regulation in this organism.

Results

Herein, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system was established in H. insolens based on a hybrid 5S rRNA–tRNAGly promoter. This system is superior to the HDV (hepatitis delta virus) system in genome editing, allowing highly efficient single gene destruction in H. insolens with rates of deletion up to 84.1% (37/44). With this system, a putative pigment synthesis gene pks and the transcription factor xyr1 gene were disrupted with high efficiency. Moreover, the extracellular protein concentration and cellulase activity largely decreased when xyr1 was deleted, demonstrating for the first time that Xyr1 plays an important role in cellulase expression regulation.

Conclusions

The established CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful genetic operation tool for H. insolens, which will accelerate studies on the regulation mechanism of cellulase expression and engineering of H. insolens for higher cellulase production.
Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Yang Kang , Sun Peng , Zhao Renqing , Liu Bo , Lu Pengcheng
Published: October 2021

Background

The bone formation ability of type 2 diabetes is inhibited, and exercise can effectively improve the bone formation of T2DM. However, whether exercise can mediate the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway to improve the mechanism of bone formation and metabolism still needs further research.

Methods

A T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet and STZ injection, and the mice were trained with swimming and downhill running exercise. Alizarin red staining is used to observe the changes of the left femoral trabecular bone; micro-CT is used to analyze the trabecular and cortical BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp; the ALP staining of skull was used to observe the changes in ALP activity of bone tissues at the skull herringbone sutures; ALP staining was performed to observe the changes in the number of OBs and ALP activity produced by differentiation; Quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression; Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels.

Results

When the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice was inhibited, the bone formation ability of the mice was significantly reduced, resulting in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure. Swimming caused the significant increase in body weight and Runx2 mRNA expression, while downhill running could significantly decrease the body weight of the mice, while the tibia length, wet weight, and the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were significantly improved by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway.

Conclusions

Bone formation is inhibited in T2DM mice, leading to osteoporosis. Downhill running activates the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice, promotes OB differentiation and osteogenic capacity, enhances bone formation metabolism, and improves the bone morphological structure.
A Unified Formula for Calculation of Crack Width and Spacing in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Yao Xianhua , Guan Junfeng , Zhang Lei , Xi Junyi , Li Lielie
Published: October 2021

Crack distribution and widths were experimentally examined in a series of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Concretes of different strengths were used, and beams were reinforced with 600 MPa yield strength steel bars. The features of cracks, which need to be considered in the design, were determined by using statistical analysis of different crack patterns observed in RC beams. The methods for determining the depth of effective influence zone of 600 MPa steel bars in RC beams were experimentally obtained. Based on the experimental data obtained in this study and from the data on RC beams with 335–600 MPa yield strength steel bars from other studies, the applicability of different formulas for the determination of the maximum widths (provided in codes and by scholars) was analyzed. Methods for the calculation of average crack spacing and maximum crack widths in RC beams with steel bars of various yield strengths were proposed. A unified formula for the calculation of maximum crack width in such beams was also established.
Analyzing and solving the identifiability problem in the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution
Authors: Gusmão Felipe R. S. de , Gomes-Silva Frank , Brito Cícero C. R. de , Silveira Fábio V. J. , Jale Jader S. , Xavier-Júnior Sílvio F. A. , Marinho Pedro R. D.
Published: October 2021

The well-known Weibull distribution can be used to model the decreasing and unimodal failure rate quite standard in reliability and biological studies. It is also commonly adopted as baseline to generate new distributions from generalized classes. In this paper, we investigate the identifiability of the exponentiated generalized class of distributions and in particular the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution. We also develop conditions under which the model becomes identifiable. To further illustrate the identifiability issue, we consider a simulation study, and an application is presented to illustrate the potentialities of the model with the new parameterization.
Intelligent designs in nanophotonics: from optimization towards inverse creation
Authors: Wang Ning , Yan Wei , Qu Yurui , Ma Siqi , Li Stan Z. , Qiu Min
Published: October 2021

Applying intelligence algorithms to conceive nanoscale meta-devices becomes a flourishing and extremely active scientific topic over the past few years. Inverse design of functional nanostructures is at the heart of this topic, in which artificial intelligence (AI) furnishes various optimization toolboxes to speed up prototyping of photonic layouts with enhanced performance. In this review, we offer a systemic view on recent advancements in nanophotonic components designed by intelligence algorithms, manifesting a development trend from performance optimizations towards inverse creations of novel designs. To illustrate interplays between two fields, AI and photonics, we take meta-atom spectral manipulation as a case study to introduce algorithm operational principles, and subsequently review their manifold usages among a set of popular meta-elements. As arranged from levels of individual optimized piece to practical system, we discuss algorithm-assisted nanophotonic designs to examine their mutual benefits. We further comment on a set of open questions including reasonable applications of advanced algorithms, expensive data issue, and algorithm benchmarking, etc. Overall, we envision mounting photonic-targeted methodologies to substantially push forward functional artificial meta-devices to profit both fields.
Prevalence Trends of Diabetes Subgroups in the United States: A Data-driven Analysis Spanning Three Decades From NHANES (1988-2018)
Authors: Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Fernández-Chirino Luisa , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen
Published: October 2021

Context

Data-driven diabetes subgroups were proposed as an alternative to address diabetes heterogeneity. However, changes in trends for these subgroups have not been reported.

Objective

Here, we analyzed trends of diabetes subgroups, stratified by sex, race, education level, age categories, and time since diabetes diagnosis in the United States.

Methods

We used data from consecutive NHANES cycles spanning the 1988-2018 period. Diabetes subgroups (mild obesity-related [MOD], severe insulin-deficient [SIDD], severe insulin-resistant [SIRD], and mild age-related diabetes [MARD]) were classified using validated self-normalizing neural networks. Severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) was assessed for NHANES-III. Prevalence was estimated using examination sample weights considering bicyclic changes (BCs) to evaluate trends and changes over time.

Results

Diabetes prevalence in the United States increased from 7.5% (95% CI 7.1-7.9) in 1988-1989 to 13.9% (95% CI 13.4-14.4) in 2016-2018 (BC 1.09%, 95% CI 0.98-1.31, P < .001). Non-Hispanic Black people had the highest prevalence. Overall, MOD, MARD, and SIDD had an increase during the studied period. Particularly, non-Hispanic Black people had sharp increases in MARD and SIDD, Mexican Americans in SIDD, and non-Hispanic White people in MARD. Males, subjects with secondary/high school, and adults aged 40-64 years had the highest increase in MOD prevalence. Trends in diabetes subgroups sustained after stratifying time since diabetes diagnosis.

Conclusion

Prevalence of diabetes and its subgroups in the United States has increased from 1988 to 2018. These trends were different across sex, ethnicities, education, and age categories, indicating significant heterogeneity in diabetes within the US obesity burden, population aging, socioeconomic disparities, and lifestyle aspects could be implicated in the increasing trends of diabetes in the United States.
Adjuvant Rituximab—Exploratory Trial in Young People With Graves Disease
Authors: Cheetham Tim D , Cole Michael , Abinun Mario , Allahabadia Amit , Barratt Tim , Davies Justin H , Dimitri Paul , Drake Amanda , Mohamed Zainaba , Murray Robert D , Steele Caroline A , Zammitt Nicola , Carnell Sonya , Prichard Jonathan , Watson Gillian , Hambleton Sophie , Matthews John N S , Pearce Simon H S
Published: October 2021

Context

Remission rates in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism are less than 25% after 2 years of thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD).

Objective

We explored whether rituximab (RTX), a B-lymphocyte–depleting agent, would increase remission rates when administered with a short course of ATD.

Methods

This was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial in young people (ages, 12-20 years) with Graves hyperthyroidism. An A’Hern design was used to distinguish an encouraging remission rate (40%) from an unacceptable rate (20%). Participants presenting with Graves hyperthyroidism received 500 mg RTX and 12 months of ATD titrated according to thyroid function. ATDs were stopped after 12 months and primary outcome assessed at 24 months. Participants had relapsed at 24 months if thyrotropin was suppressed and free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was raised; they had received ATD between months 12 and 24; or they had thyroid surgery/radioiodine.

Results

A total of 27 participants were recruited and completed the trial with no serious side effects linked to treatment. Daily carbimazole dose at 12 months was less than 5 mg in 21 of 27 participants. Thirteen of 27 participants were in remission at 24 months (48%, 90% one-sided CI, 35%-100%); this exceeded the critical value (9) for the A’Hern design and provided evidence of a promising remission rate. B-lymphocyte count at 28 weeks, expressed as a percentage of baseline, was related to likelihood of remission.

Conclusion

Adjuvant RTX, administered with a 12-month course of ATD, may increase the likelihood of remission in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism. A randomized trial of adjuvant RTX in young people with Graves hyperthyroidism is warranted.
Power of Body / Power of Mind: Arts and Crafts, New Thought, and Popular Women’s Literature at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Zibrak Arielle
Published: October 2021

The article describes the impact of two popular fin de siècle philosophical movements—Arts and Crafts and New Thought—on both well-known authors like Frank Norris and Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the lesser-known writers it reads more closely: Ella Wheeler Wilcox and Madeline Yale Wynne. Although their values were antithetical, Arts and Crafts and New Thought shared striking similarities in the ways they yoked consumption habits to personal well-being and used fiction to understand and endorse popular secular philosophies. These women-led movements shaped enduring national ideologies and the literature of their period, which tends to either synthesize the beliefs of both movements or represent one as patently superior to the other through satire or protest. The recovery of the history of these movements and their contribution to American literature not only retraces a lost genealogy of popular ideas that have shaped our culture, but also demonstrates the centrality of female thinkers and writers to the development of our present-day notions about how to transcend the grinding forces of consumer capitalism in everyday life.
The therapeutic potential of the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Aboua Yapo Guillaume , Gbadamosi Idayat Titilayo , Adedapo Aduragbenro Deborah A. , Aro Abimbola Obemisola , Adejumobi Olumuyiwa Abiola , Thamahane-Katengua Emma , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Falayi Olufunke Olubunmi , Oyagbemi Taiwo Olaide , Ogunpolu Blessing Seun , Hassan Fasilat Oluwakemi , Ogunmiluyi Iyanuoluwa Omolola , Ola-Davies Olufunke Eunice , Saba Adebowale Benard , Adedapo Adeolu Alex , Nkadimeng Sanah Malomile , McGaw Lyndy Joy , Kayoka-Kabongo Prudence Ngalula , Yakubu Momoh Audu , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi
Published: October 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has become a global pandemic with unprecedented mortality and morbidity along with attendant financial and economic crises. Furthermore, COVID-19 can easily be transmitted regardless of religion, race, sex, or status. Globally, high hospitalization rates of COVID-19 patients have been reported, and billions of dollars have been spent to contain the pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, which has a significant role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. ACE2 is highly expressed in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs, upper esophagus, stratified epithelial cells, and other tissues in the body. The diminished expressions of ACE2 have been associated with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and immune system dysregulation. Overall, the potential drug candidates that could serve as ACE2 activators or enhance the expression of ACE2 in a disease state, such as COVID-19, hold considerable promise in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews the therapeutic potential and pharmacological benefits of the novel ACE2 in the management of COVID-19 using search engines, such as Google, Scopus, PubMed, and PubMed Central.
Compromiso laboral: nueva escala para su medición
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo, Departamento de Psicología, Asturias, España, Prieto-Díez Francisco ,   Tecnalia, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, España, Postigo Álvaro ,   Universidad de Oviedo, Departamento de Psicología, Asturias, España, Cuesta Marcelino ,   Universidad de Oviedo, Departamento de Psicología, Asturias, España, Muñiz José ,   Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, España
Published: October 2021

Introducción. Uno de los factores más determinantes del rendimiento laboral es el grado de compromiso de las personas con las actividades que realizan. El objetivo de esta investigación es el desarrollo y análisis psicométrico de una nueva escala para la evaluación del compromiso laboral. Método. Se empleó una muestra de 599 trabajadores en activo, el 51% clasificados como emprendedores. El 53% fueron hombres y la media de edad fue de 44.41 años (DT = 8.78). Resultados. La nueva escala desarrollada consta de 10 ítems y muestra una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. La fiabilidad fue excelente (a = .92;  = .92), y se obtuvieron evidencias de validez en relación con el Clima Organizacional (r = .540), Personalidad Emprendedora (r = .701), Felicidad (r = .674), Reparación Emocional (r = .470), y Estabilidad Emocional (r = .440). Conclusión. La escala desarrollada para la evaluación del compromiso laboral muestra unas buenas propiedades psicométricas, constituyendo una herramienta muy adecuada para su utilización tanto en investigación como en contextos profesionales aplicados.
Sacrificial Zn–Ni coatings by electroplating and hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels
Authors: Sadananda Kuntimaddi , Yang Jung Ho , Iyyer Nagaraja , Phan Nam , Rahman Anisur
Published: October 2021

A review of sacrificial Zn–Ni electroplating coatings on high-strength steels is presented. These steels are used for heavy structural applications such as landing gears, etc., that are subjected to high stresses and corrosive environments in service. The electroplating process involving aqueous electrolytes invariably produces hydrogen. The emitted hydrogen can diffuse into substrate steel, contributing to the delayed failures by hydrogen embrittlement. Microstructural inhomogeneities arising from the heat treatments and defects produced during coatings and those inherently present in the steels can trap hydrogen emitted during plating. Dissolved and trapped hydrogen can slowly diffuse to the stress concentrations or crack tips, contributing to the delayed structural failures. Baking after plating helps to eliminate hydrogen to some extent, though it may introduce some thermomechanical stresses at the bimaterial interfaces. This review discusses a) the current state of sacrificial Zn–Ni coatings, b) their protection against corrosion of the substrate, c) the associated hydrogen embrittlement predominately under cyclic loads, and d) recent advances in terms of the compositionally modulated coatings for enhanced protection.
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors adversely affects minerals and vitamin metabolism, bone turnover, bone mass, and bone strength
Authors: Hussain Md. Saddam , Mazumder Tanoy
Published: October 2021

Notwithstanding, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most excellent options for different anti-secretory therapy in terms of improved symptomatic outcomes, numerous epidemiological and cohort studies provide evidence of an association between long-term proton PPIs use and increased fracture risk among users. The present attempt aimed to summarize the effect of long-term use of PPIs on musculoskeletal systems by considering the recent claims of different research groups to understand the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis and to determine the risk factors associated with these complications. We extracted data from various systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and in-vivo and in-vitro studies to observe the consequence of long-term PPIs uses over the patient’s bone health. Recent findings suggested that long-term use of PPIs plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of osteoporosis mostly hip fractures by disturbing numerous biological pathways and thus able to set up a link between over-prescription of PPIs and bone loss. Frequent administration of PPIs is associated with a significantly worse outcome to bone mineral density (BMD) profile and produce a negative impression on bone health. Since, there are limited data to determine the association of PPIs use and change in BMD, recommending further studies to find out this dissertation.
The group inverse of circulant matrices depending on four parameters
Authors: Carmona A. , Encinas A.M. , Jimenez M.J. , Mitjana M.
Published: October 2021

Explicit expressions for the coefficients of the group inverse of a circulant matrix depending on four complex parameters are analytically derived. The computation of the entries of the group inverse are now reduced to the evaluation of a polynomial. Moreover, our methodology applies to both the invertible and the singular case, the latter being computationally less expensive. The techniques we use are related to the solution of boundary value problems associated with second order linear difference equations.
Educators’ Views on Dissection Alternatives at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Osenkowski Pamela , Karaliunas Ignas , Diorio Merari
Published: October 2021

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, many schools made the decision to cancel face-to-face classes and move instruction online. To better understand how the pandemic affected science educators’ plans to conduct classroom animal dissection exercises, we conducted a nationwide survey of biology teachers (n = 2131) and asked about their experience as classes transitioned to online. Our survey revealed that 72% of biology educators had planned on having their students participate in classroom animal dissection exercises in the spring of 2020. Of those educators, 29% shifted to the use of dissection alternatives, such as web-based programs, as a result of remote learning. Our survey investigated which alternatives were most used, whether teachers were already familiar with the alternatives, how teachers identified those alternatives, and whether the educators planned to use dissection alternatives again for in-person or online learning. These survey results provide insight into biology educators’ use of dissection alternatives during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their post-pandemic plans and may increase awareness and usage of dissection alternatives within the educational community.
Community Science, Storytelling, or Inquiry-Based Learning? Evaluating Three Technology-Enhanced Pedagogical Approaches in an Online Botany Course
Authors: Valle Natercia , Antonenko Pavlo , Endara Lorena , Davis Ellen Christine , Somarriba Gabriel , Sessa Emily , Luo Feiya , Carey Sarah , Dogan Selçuk , Burleigh John Gordon , McDaniel Stuart
Published: October 2021

This study explored how the use of three different pedagogical frameworks (community science, storytelling, and inquiry-based learning) influenced learners’ awareness and appreciation of flagellate plants in an undergraduate online botany course. Students’ opinions, attitudes, and perceptions toward science were explored using the Classroom Undergraduate Research Experience survey. Qualitative and quantitative results indicated that although most students appreciated all three activities, the storytelling activity produced the most positive perceptions of learning. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that gender and attitudes toward science influenced student perceptions of the activities. Positive science attitudes predicted positive perceptions of the activities, and female students were more likely to report positive perceptions. These results suggest that as a pedagogical framework for organizing learning activities, storytelling holds potential for promoting positive attitudes toward science and science learning, particularly with female learners.
Against the Tarbiyah’s Symbolism of Hijab: Feminism, Islamic Conservatism and Reconstruction of Hijab Symbolism in Indonesia
Authors: Yolandasari Ayu Regina
Published: October 2021

Although Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world, the way of how Muslims dress had never been a major focus of Islamic practice until the 1980s.  The promotion of a particular Islamic dress code, especially hijab (veil), started in the early 1980s on Indonesian campuses. Since the Reformasi in 1998, the wearing of hijab has grown significantly along with the spread of the Tarbiyah movement, a transnational Islamist movement affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood from Egypt. The rise of Islamic conservatism has targeted women to be controlled through their dress and caused Indonesian women to lose their freedom to decide whether they want to wear hijab or not. To fully understand this controlling mechanism, this article explores how the Tarbiyah movement has constructed and utilized the symbolization of hijab, and the weakness of the movement in enforcing its conservative values to its Muslim women members. Such exploration may direct us to a counter-strategy against the values. Based on in-depth interviews with four former Tarbiyah activists who have been active in feminism, this article examines the way the Tarbiyah controls its female activists through the hijab symbolization and how feminism has helped these activists to detach themselves from the movement. Thus, this article will make an important point on how feminism contributes to the battle against Islamic conservatism in Indonesia.
A EXPRESSÃO DE SENTIMENTOS NO CURTA-METRAGEM BRAVURA E EM SUA AUDIODESCRIÇÃO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE A FUNÇÃO INTERPESSOAL DA NARRATIVA VISUAL E A VALORAÇÃO NA LINGUAGEM VERBAL
Authors: Abud Janaína Vieira Taillade
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva estudar a expressão dos sentimentos em duas sequências de Bravura e na audiodescrição (AD) desse curta de animação. O trabalho se enquadra no campo dos Estudos da Tradução, mais particularmente nos da Tradução Audiovisual Acessível, em que a AD é uma forma de acessibilizar uma obra audiovisual para as Pessoas com Deficiência Visual. A pesquisa adotou a abordagem da sociossemiótica multimodal e da Semântica do Discurso. Para a leitura da narrativa visual, utilizou-se os sistemas interpessoais de Painter, Martin e Unsworth (2012), enquanto, para a análise do verbal, elegeu-se o Sistema de valoração de Martin e White (2005). Para a análise do filme e da AD fílmica enquanto gêneros, o aporte é Martin e Rose (2008). A proposta metodológica de Iedema (2001), de segmentação de filmes para análise, foi adotada parcialmente. Os resultados mostram que os textos manifestam a presença dos significados interpessoais relativos à expressão de atitude. O roteiro da AD tem predominância de afeto e apreciação, ambos com carga positiva e gradação por força. Já a narrativa visual apresenta uma gama maior de significados que evocam afeto, em especial pathos, ambiência e gradação. Os resultados também mostram que há complementaridade entre os modos visual e verbal quanto aos significados interpessoais. No entanto, o modo visual apresenta uma variedade maior desses significados. Por exemplo, há familiaridade das cores, o que, por um lado, aproxima a cena do real. No desenho da personagem, constata-se mudança do engajamento empático para o apreciativo, o que, por outro, distancia o espectador da referida personagem.
ENEGRECENDO OS ESTUDOS CRÍTICOS DISCURSIVOS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS AFROPERSPECTIVISTAS PARA O CAMPO DA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO DISCURSO NO BRASIL
Authors: Macedo Litiane Barbosa
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Apresento, neste artigo, algumas reflexões acerca da relevância das epistemologias afroperspectivistas para construções teóricas e metodológicas dos estudos críticos do discurso. No campo da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), estas pesquisas buscam compreender as relações entre discurso, raça e outras interseccionalidades em nosso contexto brasileiro. Ao discutir sobre práticas racistas nas manifestações discursivas na contemporaneidade, são necessárias perspectivas epistemológicas que assimilem as múltiplas formas de opressão que atingem negras/os em nossa sociedade - opressões que são frutos da colonialidade (NASCIMENTO, 2019; RESENDE, 2017, 2019; SANTOS, 2019). Além disso, é urgente pensar em produções locais de teorias e metodologias a fim de superar o falso ‘conhecimento universalizante’ tão consolidado na ciência moderna (RESENDE, 2017, 2019; PARDO, 2011, 2019; VIEIRA, 2019). Por isso, em um primeiro momento, apresento algumas considerações quanto as premissas básicas sobre a ACD e a perspectiva decolonial latina da ACD (ACD-LA). Em seguida, discorro sobre as contribuições dos pensamentos afroperspectivistas e decoloniais para ACD, os quais formulam reflexões conceituais acerca do discurso, as relações entre linguagem e racismo, dentre outros aspectos (GONZALEZ, 1988; CARNEIRO, 2005, 2011; GOMES, 2005; RIBEIRO, 2017, 2019; ALMEIDA, 2019; NASCIMENTO, 2019; COLLINS, 2019; HOOKS, 2015; KILOMBA, 2019; FANON, 2008; BERNADINO-COSTA; MALDONADO-TORRES; GROSFOGUEL, 2018; MAKONI ET AL, 2003). Para finalizar, através de um levantamento de pesquisas que abordem racismo e discurso publicadas nos últimos anos no Brasil sob a perspectiva da ACD, busco apontar os caminhos percorridos com o intuito de contribuir para uma visão geral dos estudos locais acerca dessa temática.
Range of factors in the reduction of hyperhydricity associated with in vitro shoots of Salvia santolinifolia Bioss
Authors: Jan T. , Gul S. , Khan A. , Pervez S. , Noor A. , Amin H. , Bibi S. , Nawaz M. A. , Rahim A. , Ahmad M. S. , Azam R. , Ullah H.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Hyperhydricity is a serious physiological disorder and affects In vitro propagation of many plants and as well of Salvia santolinifolia. The donor material to initiate the in vitro culture was the callus taken from the in vitro shoots produced on Murashig and Skoogs (MS) medium at 4.0 mg/l BA. This callus formed numerous hyperhydric shoots on culturing upon the medium of the same composition. The aim was to systematically evaluate the effect of cytokinins (Benzyladnine (BA) and N6-(-2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), culture vessels magnitude, medium solidification, source of nitrogen and calcium chloride for the alleviation of hyperhydricity. In the tissue cultures of S. santolinifolia BA and 2iP induced severe hyperhydricity, when other factors i.e. culture vessels magnitude and a suitable concentration of agar, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3) & calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) were not optimized. After 30 days’ culture, we observed 83.82% hyperhydric shoots at increased level (1.5 mg/l 2iP) and 81.59% at decreased levels (1.0 mg/l 2iP). On the other hand, hyperhydricity percentage at decreased (0.4%) and at increased (0.8%) levels of agar were 72.37% and 39.08%, respectively. MS medium modification with NH4NO3 (412 mg/l), KNO3 (475 mg/l) and CaCl2.2H2O (880 mg/l) was found the best medium to reduced hyperhydricity (23.6%).
Estudos Documentais sobre Alienação Parental: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo P. , Williams Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
Published: October 2021

Resumo A Alienação Parental (AP) é uma modalidade de violência psicológica que pode ser identificada no contexto das disputas de pais pela guarda de crianças em tribunais de justiça, espaço que constitui uma rica fonte de dados para pesquisa. Com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre AP composta por estudos com amostras documentais judiciais, este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática utilizando o protocolo PRISMA. A palavra-chave “parental alienation” e sua respectiva tradução para o português, “alienação parental”, foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados Scopus, PsycNET, PubMed e Scielo. Foi consultado também o acervo de livros do Laboratório de Análise e Prevenção da Violência (Laprev/UFSCar). Das bases de dados pesquisadas foram selecionados cinco artigos, três brasileiros, um canadense e um italiano. Do acervo do laboratório, foi selecionado um livro brasileiro. Nos artigos selecionados, nota-se que a maioria das sentenças judiciais corroborava as conclusões dos documentos psicológicos. No entanto, as análises dos relatórios psicológicos realizadas pelos estudos brasileiros e italiano identificaram uma preocupante deficiência na avaliação psicológica de suspeitas de AP, com destaque para posturas enviesadas, inadequação das normas e da estrutura dos relatórios, avaliações psicológicas mal planejadas e fraco embasamento teórico. Essas constatações apontam urgente necessidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias de aprimoramento da avaliação psicológica, a fim de fortalecer a proteção e a garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes envolvidos em situações de litígio conjugal.
Reestruturação dos serviços de emergência à COVID-19 no Brasil: uma análise espaço-temporal, fevereiro a agosto de 2020
Authors: Boitrago Ghabriela Moura , Mônica Rayane Barbosa , Silva Débora Marcolino , Cerroni Matheus de Paula , Cortez-Escalante Juan José , Almiron Maria , Terabe Sandro Haruyuki , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo Explorar a reorganização do sistema de saúde voltado para a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Realizou-se estudo ecológico, descritivo-explicativo, com análise de aglomerados espaço-temporais por semana epidemiológica nos municípios brasileiros. Foram utilizadas fontes de dados secundárias, do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (abril de 2020) e de casos de COVID-19 (fevereiro a agosto de 2020). As áreas quentes de incidência e mortalidade foram sobrepostas com a disponibilidade de unidades de tratamento intensivo (UTIs), para se avaliar a ampliação do acesso em regiões críticas. Resultados Dos 5.570 municípios analisados, 54% foram identificados como áreas quentes para incidência e 31% para mortalidade. Dos municípios em áreas quentes para incidência e com escassez de acesso, 28% foram contemplados pela ampliação de UTIs. Para mortalidade, esse valor foi de 14%. Conclusão A abertura de novos leitos não conseguiu abranger amplamente as regiões críticas, entretanto poderia ser otimizada com o uso de técnicas de análise espacial.
Unpacking the blocking effect: Syntactic prominence and perspective-taking in antecedent retrieval in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Lyu Jun , Kaiser Elsi
Published: October 2021

In the linguistics literature, it is generally agreed that the non-local use of the bare reflexive ziji in Mandarin Chinese is sensitive to perspective centers. The introduction of a local first-person pronoun encoding the comprehender’s perspective is assumed to make non-local binding unavailable, a phenomenon called the blocking effect. We conducted two sets of offline and online experiments that examine the blocking effect associated with ziji, to better understand whether and how it is affected by the syntactic status of the blocking pronoun (subject vs. object). By comparing the forced-choice judgment results in Experiments 1 and 2, we find that syntactically prominent subject blockers lead to stronger blocking compared to object blockers, and that the strength of the blocking effect can be modulated by verb semantics. Furthermore, only subject blockers caused blocking during incremental real-time processing; object blockers did not. These experimental results have implications for both the linguistic formulation of the blocking effect and for sentence processing models.
Women's Labor Force Exits during COVID-19: Differences by Motherhood, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Lim Katherine , Zabek Mike
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study declines in women’s labor force participation by race and ethnicity as well as the presence of children. We find that increases in labor force exits were larger for Black women, Latinas, and women living with children. In particular, we find larger increases in pandemic-era labor force exits among women living with children under age 6 and among lower-earning women living with school-age children after controlling for detailed job and demographic characteristics. Latinas and Black women also had larger increases in labor force exits during the pandemic relative to White women. Differences in the presence of children and household structure explain one-quarter of the excess labor force exits among women of color.
BACK TO THE FUTURE: THE REINSTATEMENT OF DEREGISTERED COMPANIES AND CLOSE CORPORATIONS, SECTION 82(4) OF THE COMPANIES ACT 71 OF 2008 Missouri Trading CC v ABSA Bank Ltd 2014 (4) SA 55 (KZD)
Authors: Darren Subramanien
Published: October 2021

In terms of section 82 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (hereinafter “the Act”) a company or a close corporation may be deregistered by the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (hereinafter “the Commission”) if it failed to timeously lodge its annual returns with the Commission or if it has been inactive for a number of years. An important issue in terms of the Act is with regard to the consequences of re-registering a deregistered company or close corporation. When a company or close corporation is deregistered, it ceases to exist as a separate juristic person and its assets and rights vest automatically in the State as bona vacantia. Sections 82 and 83 of the Act provide the ways in which re-registration may occur, that is by application to the Commission or to the High Court. The previous Companies Act 61 of 1973 and the Close Corporations Act 69 of 1984 contained provisions that expressly provided that the reinstatement of companies and close corporations were fully retrospective, and the effect was as if the entity was not deregistered in the first place. The new Act, however, does not contain a similar express provision, whether this was simply an oversight by the legislature or intentional is debatable. In Missouri Trading CC v ABSA Bank Ltd (2014 (4) SA 55 (KZD)) the court discussed the conflicting views with regard to whether section 82 of the Act has retrospective application.
Effect of concern about COVID-19 on professional self-efficacy, psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in Peruvian health personnel
Authors: Mamani-Benito Oscar , Carranza Esteban Renzo Felipe , Ventura-León José , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Farfán Solís Rosa , Blanco Shocosh Darwin Hidalgo
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Concern about becoming infected with COVID-19 is one of the reactions that has affected the mental health of Peruvian health care workers. Objective. To determine the effect of concern about COVID-19 on professional self-efficacy, psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in health personnel in the Puno region of Peru. Method. An explanatory, cross-sectional study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 401 health workers (such as nurses, physicians, nursing technicians, obstetricians, dentists, psychologists, and nutritionists) of both sexes (24.2% men and 75.5% women) from 12 health networks in the region of Puno, Peru. They were asked to answer the Scale of Concern for the Transmission of COVID-19 in Health Personnel (EPPC-Cov19), Patient Health Questionnarie-2 (PHQ-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) and the Professional Self Efficacy Scale (AU-10). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. Results. The factor loads of the explanatory model showed a good fit: χ² (286) = 797.31, p
Psychological stress in mothers of neonates admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Mesa Mesa Susana , Gómez García Alejandra , Naranjo Pérez Luisa Fernanda , Tobón Montoya Laura , Ocampo Saldarriaga María Victoria , Velásquez Tirado Juan David , Constaín González Gustavo Adolfo , Ricardo Ramírez Carmenza , Gutiérrez Vélez Yeison Felipe , Franco Vásquez José Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The admission of the newborn to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) leads to maternal stress. This stress has deleterious consequences on the mother and the appropriate attachment with her child. Objective. To assess the relationship of mothers’ sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and psychiatric factors, as well as neonates’ clinical aspects with the level of psychological stress perceived by mothers of neonates admitted to the NICU. Method. Cross-sectional study with 47 women over the age of 18, whose infants had been admitted to a NICU during the last 72 hours. Bivariate correlations and a multivariate linear model with the significant variables in the bivariate analyses where performed. Results. According to the multivariate model, the perception of loneliness and the presence of at least one psychiatric diagnosis (depressive episode, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, or substance use disorder) were associated with maternal stress. Problem-focused coping strategies were relevant within the model and could have protective value against stress. The model explained 73.5% of the stress severity variance (F 38.848; p
Chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Volume 12, No. 3 (2021)
Authors: Obraztsov V. N.
Published: October 2021

V.I. Loginov made a report "On the question of the influence of temperature for the period of latent irritation and the shape of the curve of striated muscles."

At the administrative session, a statement was heard by Mr. Chairman of the Island, that the speech in the annual meeting will be read by Doctor V. V. Nikolaev on the topic - "The significance of the photographic method for experimental research"
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE DICHLOROMETHANE FRACTION OF Pterospermum truncatolobatum COLLECTED IN LANG SON PROVINCE
Authors: Le Thi Khạnh Linh , Chansounom Thongphet , NGuyen Quang Tuyen , Dang Ngoc Quang
Published: October 2021

Phytochemical studies on the dichloromethane fraction of Pterospermum truncatolobatum collected in Lang Son province has led to the isolation and structural elucidation of four secondary metabolites, including one rare triterpene possessing E:B-friedo-hopane-type triterpenoid: simiarenol (1), two sterols: β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3) and one sterol glycoside: stigmasterol glycoside (4). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses. In addition, the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Furthermore, simiarenol (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines such as Hep-G2, Lu-1, and MCF-7 with its IC50 values of 38.47 ± 2.68; 48.37 ± 3.05 and 46.85 ± 3.6 g\mL, respectively. All four compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Fertility and Female Labor Force Participation in Asian Countries; Panel ARDL Approach
Authors: Nazah Nawalin , Duasa Jarita , Arifin Muhammad Irwan
Published: October 2021

Fertility has a close relationship with female labor force participation and is predicted to be the prominent factor affecting female labor force participation in rich and emerging countries. The decline in fertility worldwide, accompanied by increased female education, is assumed to increase female labor force participation. The increase in the female labor force participation rate can improve economic incentives for the country. Therefore, this study estimates the effect of fertility and female education on female labor force participation in cross-country panel datasets from 39 Asian countries, using panel ARDL analysis from 1990-2018. This study also examines the panel causality between the variables employing Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s (2012) Granger non-causality test. According to the Hausman test, among the three models in panel ARDL, DFE is the preferred model compared to the PMG and MG. The results revealed that fertility was negatively significant on female labor participation in the short run but not in the long run. In contrast, female education was positively significant on female labor participation in the long run but not in the short run. Meanwhile, the panel causality showed a bidirectional relationship between female labor participation and fertility, female labor participation and education, and fertility and female education.