bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain at home during childhood cancer treatment: Severity, prevalence, analgesic use, and interference with daily life
Authors: Simon Julia D.H.P. , Van Loon Femke R.A.A. , Van Amstel Juul , Elmont Gina S. , Zwaan C. Michel , Fiocco Marta , Schepers Sasja A. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Michiels Erna M.C.
Published: September 2020

Background

Pain is a common symptom in childhood cancer. Since children spend more time at home, families are increasingly responsible for pain management. This study aimed at assessing pain at home.

Procedure

In this longitudinal observational study (April 2016‐January 2017), pain severity and prevalence, analgesic use, and pain interference with daily life (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form) were assessed for 4 consecutive days around the time of multiple chemotherapy appointments. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to report pain severity (with clinically significant pain defined as: score ≥ 4 on “worst pain” or “average pain in the last 24 h”), pain prevalence, and analgesic use. Mixed models were estimated to assess whether patient characteristics were associated with pain severity, and whether pain severity was associated with interference with daily life.

Results

Seventy‐three children (50.7% male) participated (1‐18 years). A majority (N = 57, 78%) experienced clinically significant pain at least once, and 30% reported clinically significant pain at least half the time. In 33.6% of scores ≥ 4, no medication was used. We found an association between pain severity and interference with daily life: the higher the pain, the bigger the interference (estimated regression coefficient = 1.01 [95% CI 0.98‐1.13]).

Conclusions

The majority of children experienced clinically significant pain at home, and families frequently indicated no medication use. A stronger focus on education and coaching of families seems essential, as well as routine screening for pain in the home setting.
Leveraging Immonium Ions for Targeting Acyl‐Lysine Modifications in Proteomic Datasets
Authors: Muroski John M. , Fu Janine Y. , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A.
Published: September 2020

Acyl modifications vary greatly in terms of elemental composition and site of protein modification. Developing methods to identify acyl modifications more confidently can help to assess the scope of these modifications in large proteomic datasets. The utility of acyl‐lysine immonium ions is analyzed for identifying the modifications in proteomic datasets. It is demonstrated that the cyclized immonium ion is a strong indicator of acyl‐lysine presence when its rank or relative abundance compared to other ions within a spectrum is considered. Utilizing a stepped collision energy method in a shotgun experiment highlights the immonium ion. By implementing an analysis that accounted for features within each MS2 spectrum, the method clearly identifies peptides with short chain acyl‐lysine modifications from complex lysates. Immonium ions can also be used to validate novel acyl modifications; in this study, the first examples of 3‐hydroxylpimelyl‐lysine modifications are reported and they are validated using immonium ions. Overall these results solidify the use of the immonium ion as a marker for acyl‐lysine modifications in complex proteomic datasets.
Benzophenone derivatives as novel organosoluble visible light Type II photoinitiators for UV and LED photoinitiating systems
Authors: Huang Tung‐Liang , Li Yan‐Heng , Chen Yung‐Chung
Published: September 2020

Five organosoluble visible light benzophenone derivatives (BPs), incorporated different arylamine as electron donating groups have been synthesized and investigated for their roles as photoinitiating systems for free radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomer upon the UV and LED exposure. All the target compounds (BP‐1–5) have confirmed through 1H NMR, HR‐MS/EI‐MS spectra and elemental analysis. BPs displayed red‐shifted absorption, higher molar extinction coefficient and better thermal properties as compared to reference benzophenone (BP) compound. BP and BPs in combination with hydrogen donor, triethylamine (TEA), are prepared and investigated their electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and photo‐DSC (photo‐differential scanning calorimetry). ESR spectra of BP‐1/TEA package showed the highest radical intensity among the test photoinitiator packages. In addition, BP‐1‐based formulation exhibited the best double bond conversion efficiency than other BPs and comparable to the BP for the free radical polymerization (FRP) of TMPTA under similar UV light source. We then selected BP‐1/TEA and BP/TEA package for FRP under LED light irradiation. Interesting, the BP‐1/TEA system exhibited better efficiency and shorter time at maximum heat flow than BP/TEA. This result indicates BP‐1 photoinitiator not only displays good light harvesting, thermal property, but exhibits conversion efficiency under the irradiation of UV and LED.
Therapeutic Pretargeting with Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Candidates for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Feiner Irene V. J. , Pulagam Krishna R. , Gómez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Zamacola Kepa , Baz Zuriñe , Caffarel María M. , Lawrie Charles H. , Ruiz‐de‐Angulo Ane , Carril Mónica , Llop Jordi
Published: September 2020

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary approach for cancer treatment in which boron‐10 atoms and thermal neutrons need to colocalize to become effective. Recent research in the development of BNCT drug candidates focuses increasingly on nanomaterials, with the advantages of high boron loadings and passive targeting due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The use of small boron‐rich gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with a pretargeting approach is proposed. Small sized polyethylene glycol–stabilized AuNPs (core size 4.1 ± 1.5 nm), are synthesized and functionalized with thiolated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and tetrazine. To enable in vivo tracking of the AuNPs by positron emission tomography (PET), the core is doped with [64Cu]CuCl2. For the pretargeting approach, the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab is functionalized with trans‐cyclooctene‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester. After proving in vitro occurrence of the antibody conjugation onto the AuNPs by click reaction and the low toxicity of the AuNPs, the boron delivery system is evaluated in vivo using breast cancer xenograft bearing mice and PET imaging. Tumor uptake due to the EPR effect can be witnessed with ≈5% injected dose (ID) cm−3 at 24 h postinjection, but with slower clearance than expected. Therefore, no increased retention can be observed using the pretargeting strategy.
Effects of omecamtiv mecarbil on calcium‐transients and contractility in a translational canine myocyte model
Authors: Gao BaoXi , Sutherland Weston , Vargas Hugo M. , Qu Yusheng
Published: September 2020

Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a selective cardiac myosin activator (myotrope), currently in Phase 3 clinical investigation as a novel treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. OM increases cardiac contractility by enhancing interaction between myosin and actin in a calcium‐independent fashion. This study aims to characterize the mechanism of action by evaluating its simultaneous effect on myocyte contractility and calcium‐transients (CTs) in healthy canine ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from canines and loaded with Fura‐2 AM. With an IonOptix system, contractility parameters including amplitude and duration of sarcomere shortening, contraction and relaxation velocity, and resting sarcomere length were measured. CT parameters including amplitude at systole and diastole, velocity at systole and diastole, and duration at 50% from peak were simultaneously measured. OM was tested at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 µmol\L concentrations to simulate therapeutic human plasma exposure levels. OM and isoproterenol (ISO) demonstrated differential effects on CTs and myocyte contractility. OM increased contractility mainly by prolonging duration of contraction while ISO increased contractility mainly by augmenting the amplitude of contraction. ISO increased the amplitude and velocity of CT, shortened duration of CT concurrent with increasing myocyte contraction, while OM did not change the amplitude, velocity, and duration of CT up to 1 µmol\L. Decreases in relaxation velocity and increases in duration were present only at 3 µmol\L. In this translational myocyte model study, therapeutically relevant concentrations of OM increased contractility but did not alter intracellular CTs, a mechanism of action distinct from traditional calcitropes.
Residential mobility in divided societies: How individual religion and geographical context influenced housing moves in Northern Ireland 2001–2011
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Foley Brian , Gould Myles , Champion Tony
Published: September 2020

Residential segregation is pervasive in many societies. People making residential moves in these divided contexts may increase or decrease segregation levels. In this paper, the divided society of Northern Ireland is used as an example to explore how residential mobility relates to residential segregation by religion. Survey evidence for this country consistently shows a preference for mixed neighbourhoods, yet actual patterns of geographical mobility suggest people move to same‐religion areas. The paper uses the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) to explore the individual and contextual factors that influence the destinations of internal migrants by religion between 2001 and 2011. How they move up or down the contextual ‘religion ladder’ of localities is modelled with reference to both their individual socio‐demographic and neighbourhood characteristics in 2001. It is found that there are still individual religious differentials in people's destinations. Catholics, for instance, are more likely than Protestants to move to more Catholic areas, suggesting that individual religion remains important despite the Peace Process. Some possible reasons for this are considered with a partial explanation being found in the geographical patterning of the population. Existing patterns of residential segregation constrain moves in religious space for the majority of people. It is concluded, nevertheless, that an individual's religion remains a considerable factor contrary to expectations.
Lathyrus sativus diamine oxidase reduces Clostridium difficile toxin A‐induced toxicity in Caco‐2 cells by rescuing RhoA‐GTPase and inhibiting pp38‐MAPK/NF‐κB/HIF‐1α activation
Authors: Pietrangeli Paola , Corpetti Chiara , Seguella Luisa , Del Re Alessandro , Pesce Marcella , Vincenzi Martina , Lori Chiara , Annunziata Giuseppe , Mateescu Mircea A. , Sarnelli Giovanni , Esposito Giuseppe , Marcocci Lucia
Published: September 2020

Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) impairs the intestinal epithelial barrier, increasing the mucosa permeability and triggering a robust inflammatory response. Lathyrus sativus diamino oxidase (LSAO) is a nutraceutical compound successfully used in various gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Here, we evaluated the LSAO (0.004–0.4 μM) ability to counter TcdA‐induced (30 ng/mL) toxicity and damage in Caco‐2 cells, investigating its possible mechanism of action. LSAO has improved the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) score and increased cell viability in TcdA‐treated cells, significantly rescuing the protein expression of Ras homolog family members, A‐GTPase (RhoA‐GTPase), occludin, and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1). LSAO has also exhibited an anti‐apoptotic effect by inhibiting the TcdA‐induced expression of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), p50 nuclear factor‐kappa‐B (p50), p65nuclear factor‐kappa‐B (p65), and hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), and the release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cell milieu. Our data showed that LSAO exerts a protective effect on TcdA‐induced toxicity in Caco‐2 cells, placing itself as an interesting nutraceutical to supplement the current treatment of the Clostridium difficile infections.
Evaluation of measures to mitigate mineral oil migration from recycled paper in food packaging
Authors: Buist Harrie , van Harmelen Toon , van den Berg Claudia , Leeman Winfried , Meima Marie , Krul Lisette
Published: September 2020

The presence of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in food is a safety concern. Migration to food from recycled paper and board is a relevant source of MOSH and MOAH, and the potential of several technologies to reduce it was explored. These technologies were assessed for food safety (people), environment (planet) and economy (profit) in an integrated way, using a framework developed to compare the effect of the technologies with the current state of the art. Two mature technologies were evaluated (MB12 and flotation), two in development (supercritical CO2 and thermal treatment), and two as a concept (anionic trash catchers and functionalized clays). The use of mineral‐oil‐free inks for printing newspapers was also evaluated. It was concluded that, although it is desirable to apply mineral‐oil‐free inks, in the short‐term reduction technologies have more impact. All technologies of which the effectiveness could be investigated (MB12, flotation, supercritical CO2 and thermal treatment) are able to reduce the potential migration of mineral oils by >70%, but none score optimally on all indicators. The MB12 technology shows the best overall performance and is ready for implementation, provided its patent will be available to more parties. Supercritical CO2 performs best on food safety, but environmental and economic performance has to be improved. The developed assessment framework yields a clear overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies. Based on the assessment, recommendations are made to stakeholders, including the recycling industry, the ink and printing industry, the food industry and research institutes.
Generally weighted moving average monitoring schemes: Overview and perspectives
Authors: Mabude Kutele , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Castagliola Philippe , Shongwe Sandile C.
Published: September 2020

An overview of monitoring schemes from a class called generally weighted moving average (GWMA) is provided. A GWMA scheme is an extended version of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme with an additional adjustment parameter that introduces more flexibility in the GWMA model as it adjusts the kurtosis of the weighting function so that the GWMA scheme can be designed such that it has an advantage over the corresponding EWMA scheme in the detection of certain shift values efficiently. The parametric and distribution‐free GWMA schemes to monitor various quality characteristics and its existing enhanced versions (ie, double GWMA, composite Shewhart‐GWMA, mixed GWMA‐CUSUM, and mixed CUSUM‐GWMA) have better performance than their corresponding EWMA counterparts in many situations; hence, all such existing research works discussing GWMA‐related schemes (ie, 66 publications in total) are documented and categorized in such a manner that it is easy to identify research gaps. Finally, a number of possible future research ideas are provided.
Determination of metal uptake in single organisms, Corophium volutator, via complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: von der Au Marcus , Karbach Hannah , Bell Anna Maria , Bauer Oliver Bolle , Karst Uwe , Meermann Björn
Published: September 2020

Rationale

(Eco‐)toxicological effects are mostly derived empirically and are not correlated with metal uptake. Furthermore, if the metal content is determined, mostly bulk analysis of the whole organism population is conducted; thus, biological variability is completely disregarded, and this may lead to misleading results. To overcome this issue, we compared two different solid sampling techniques for the analysis of single organisms.

Methods

In this study, complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP‐MS) ⇔ laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA/ICP‐MS)‐based methods for the analysis of individual organisms were developed and the results obtained were compared with the concentrations obtained after digestion and measured using ICP‐MS. For this purpose, a common (eco‐)toxicological test organism, the mud shrimp Corophium volutator, was selected. As proof‐of‐concept application, these organisms were incubated with environmentally relevant metals from galvanic anodes, which are often used for protection against metal corrosion in, for example, offshore wind farms.

Results

The bulk analysis revealed that large quantities of the incubated elements were detectable. Using the ETV/ICP‐MS method, we could identify a high biovariability within the population of organisms tested. Using the LA/ICP‐MS method, it could be determined that the large quantities of the elements detected were due to adsorption of the metals and not due to uptake, which correlates well with the absence of (eco‐)toxicological effects.

Conclusions

The results obtained imply the efficiency of complementary methods to explain the absence or presence of (eco‐)toxicological effects. In particular, methods that allow for single‐organism analysis or provide even a spatial resolution support the interpretation of ecotoxicological findings.
Azithromycin in viral infections
Authors: Oliver Madeleine E. , Hinks Timothy S. C.
Published: September 2020

Azithromycin (AZM) is a synthetic macrolide antibiotic effective against a broad range of bacterial and mycobacterial infections. Due to an additional range of anti‐viral and anti‐inflammatory properties, it has been given to patients with the coronaviruses SARS‐CoV or MERS‐CoV. It is now being investigated as a potential candidate treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 having been identified as a candidate therapeutic for this virus by both in vitro and in silico drug screens. To date there are no randomised trial data on its use in any novel coronavirus infection, although a large number of trials are currently in progress. In this review, we summarise data from in vitro, murine and human clinical studies on the anti‐viral and anti‐inflammatory properties of macrolides, particularly AZM. AZM reduces in vitro replication of several classes of viruses including rhinovirus, influenza A, Zika virus, Ebola, enteroviruses and coronaviruses, via several mechanisms. AZM enhances expression of anti‐viral pattern recognition receptors and induction of anti‐viral type I and III interferon responses. Of relevance to severe coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19), which is characterised by an over‐exuberant innate inflammatory response, AZM also has anti‐inflammatory properties including suppression of IL‐1beta, IL‐2, TNF and GM‐CSF. AZM inhibits T cells by inhibiting calcineurin signalling, mammalian target of rapamycin activity and NFκB activation. AZM particularly targets granulocytes where it concentrates markedly in lysosomes, particularly affecting accumulation, adhesion, degranulation and apoptosis of neutrophils. Given its proven safety, affordability and global availability, tempered by significant concerns about antimicrobial stewardship, there is an urgent mandate to perform well‐designed and conducted randomised clinical trials.
Predefined‐time control of cooperative manipulators
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego
Published: September 2020

A cooperative controller that enforces an exact sliding motion in predefined‐time, assuring cooperativeness, and stable manipulation, is proposed in this article. Alternatively, a continuous controller is also proposed, which induces in predefined‐time that a hybrid force/position error converges into a predefined‐bounded vicinity of the origin. Numerical simulations highlight the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Adaptive estimation for uncertain nonlinear systems with measurement noise: A sliding‐mode observer approach
Authors: Franco Roberto , Ríos Héctor , Efimov Denis , Perruquetti Wilfrid
Published: September 2020

This article deals with the problem of adaptive estimation, that is, the simultaneous estimation of the state and time‐varying parameters, in the presence of measurement noise and state disturbances, for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. An adaptive observer is proposed based on a nonlinear time‐varying parameter identification algorithm and a sliding‐mode observer. The nonlinear time‐varying parameter identification algorithm provides a fixed‐time rate of convergence, to a neighborhood of the origin, while the sliding‐mode observer ensures ultimate boundedness for the state estimation error attenuating the effects of the external disturbances. Linear matrix inequalities are provided for the synthesis of the adaptive observer while the convergence proofs are given based on the Lyapunov and input‐to‐state stability theory. Finally, some simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Adaptive reuse of heritage architecture and its external effects on sustainable built environment—Hedonic pricing model and case studies in Hong Kong
Authors: Kee Tris , Chau Kwong Wing
Published: September 2020

The integration of the sustainable development perspective into the discussion of heritage conservation by UNESCO in 2015 represents an acknowledgement of the values of heritage conservation in the agenda of sustainable development. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence regarding how heritage conservation fits into the overall sustainable development in Hong Kong by examining the external effects generated by architectural heritage conservation onto their adjacent neighborhood. By two adaptive reuse heritage case studies with respective hedonic pricing analysis on their adjacent property prices, this paper presents the results of how residential property prices have been increased as a result of heritage adaptive reuse. The analysis suggests that an established heritage grading mechanism along with a socially inclusive conservation approach with community stakeholders not only maintains the authenticity of the cultural heritage, but also brings substantial social and economic benefits to the neighboring communities. The research findings add new knowledge to the studies on sustainable development and provide practical recommendations to policymakers, urban planners, and heritage conservationists in future heritage policy and implementation.
Food stability model: A framework to support decision‐making in a context of climate change
Authors: Ribeiro João Marcelo Pereira , Berchin Issa Ibrahim , da Silva Neiva Samara , Soares Thiago , de Albuquerque Junior Celso Lopes , Deggau André Borchardt , de Amorim Wellyngton Silva , Barbosa Samuel Borges , Secchi Leonardo , de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório
Published: September 2020

Global environmental changes coupled with socioeconomic changes are major challenges to food security. Changes in climate affect most food crops, particularly in countries that rely on agriculture for subsistence. The article proposes a model to analyze food stability in the context of climate change. Genetic improvement, agrobiodiversity, sustainable intensification, climate monitoring, and market monitoring were considered key perspectives for the balanced scorecard to achieve stability in food production. The set of perspectives and indicators were validated by 185 experts, which supported the creation of a balanced scorecard map to assist decision‐making. Therefore, the model could serve as an addition to FAO's approach to food security, driving actions related to global food policy. This research can also assist governmental policies to mitigate the effects of climate change on food stability around the world.
P‐122: Mechanical Bending Test of High Mobility ZnO TFTs on PI Substrate by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Saha Jewel Kumer , Bukke Ravindra Naik , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Kim Youn Goo , Islam Md Mobaidul , Mude Narendra Naik , Billah Mohammad Masum , Lee Suhui , Jang Jin
Published: September 2020

We study the effect of mechanical bending on electrical characteristics of flexible ZnO TFTs by spray pyrolysis having μSAT of 11.45 cm2/V.s on PI substrate at 350 °C. The flexible ZnO TFTs exhibit robust electrical characteristics (|ΔVTH |=0.6V) under mechanical‐strain up to 1% and even after repetitive bending for 104 cycles (|ΔVTH |=0.33V).
Extended multi‐item gamma Poisson shrinker methods based on the zero‐inflated Poisson model for postmarket drug safety surveillance
Authors: Heo Seok‐Jae , Jung Inkyung
Published: September 2020

Bayesian signal detection methods, including the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), assume a Poisson distribution for the number of reports. However, the database of the adverse event reporting system often has a large number of zero‐count cells. A zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution can be more appropriate in this situation than a Poisson distribution. Few studies have considered ZIP‐based models for Bayesian signal detection. In addition, most studies on Bayesian signal detection methods include simulation studies conducted assuming a gamma distribution for the prior. Herein, we extend the MGPS method using the ZIP model and apply various prior distributions. We evaluated the extended methods through an extensive simulation using more varied settings for the model and prior than existing methods. We varied the total number of reports, the number of true signals, the relative reporting rate, and the probability of observing a true zero. The results show that as the probability of observing a zero count increased, methods based on the ZIP model outperformed the Poisson model in most cases. We also found that using the mixture log‐normal prior resulted in more conservative detection than other priors when the relative reporting rate is high. Conversely, more signals were found when using the mixture truncated normal distributions. We applied the Bayesian signal detection methods to data from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System from 2012 to 2016.
Workplace stress and discrimination effects on the physical and depressive symptoms of underrepresented minority faculty
Authors: Zambrana Ruth Enid , Valdez R. Burciaga , Pittman Chavella T. , Bartko Todd , Weber Lynn , Parra‐Medina Deborah
Published: September 2020

Evidence‐based research and interventions to address systemic institutional racism have never been more urgent. Yet, underrepresented minority (URM) professionals in research institutions who primarily produce that evidence have remained abysmally low for decades. This unique study of URM university professors assesses factors—vocational strain, role overload, discrimination, coping strategies—that contribute to health and well‐being, research productivity, and ultimately their retention in high impact research positions. We administered a web‐based survey assessing demographics, workplace stressors, perceived discrimination, life events, coping strategies, and physical and depressive symptoms. Study participants include 404 faculty of whom 254 are African Americans, 99 are Mexican Americans, and 51 are Puerto Ricans. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to assess the associations between workplace stress, coping strategies, and symptoms. Results show that perceived discrimination, vocational strain, role overload, and life events directly affected physical symptoms, with self‐care (p < 0.001) moderating these effects. Vocational strain and life events had direct effects on depressive symptoms with self‐care (p < 0.05) and social support (p < 0.001) moderating these effects. Findings inform health care providers and university leaders about work stress and health conditions that may explain early morbidity and premature departures of URM faculty, and proffer institutional interventions to retain these faculty.
Impact of Starch Storage Condition on Glycemic Index and Resistant Starch of Cooked Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers
Authors: Lal Milan Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh , Raigond Pinky , Dutt Som , Changan Sushil Sudhakar , Chourasia Kumar Nishant , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Srigopal , Chakrabarti Swarup Kumar , Singh Brajesh
Published: September 2020

Potato is a modified stem, which is rich in starch. Very often, potato is categorized as a high glycemic index (GI) food. Consuming high GI foods should be done with moderation to prevent insulinemic spikes, which can be a preventive measure against diabetes and related disorders. A modified, inexpensive, and precise in vitro method is developed for estimation of GI in potato tubers. Among the six varieties, Kufri Chipsona‐3 exhibits the highest GI (83.08) whereas Kufri Jyoti has the lowest value (72.87); the resistant starch (RS) content being 1.08% (low) and 2.18% (high), respectively. The study shows a significant negative correlation (R = −0.88) between GI and RS, whereas a negative nonsignificant correlation (R = −0.79) is found between GI and amylose content. Further, the starch storage of cooked potato tubers at 4 °C for various periods (up to 48 h) results in a significant reduction in GI and increase in RS content. This newly developed protocol for estimation of GI in potato is a simple, rapid, and precise method. This will help not only the food industry but also the breeders to select the low GI genotype for their breeding program.
New approach for the design shear resistance of headed studs in profiled steel sheeting with ribs transverse to supporting beam
Authors: Konrad Matthias , Eggert Florian , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Schorr Johannes
Published: September 2020

This article presents new equations for the design shear resistance of headed studs in solid concrete slabs and new reduction factors that consider the influence of profiled steel sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam. Comparisons with push‐out test results show that the current reduction factor kt in Eurocode 4 does not take sufficiently into account parameters such as geometry or position of the headed stud in the rib. Therefore, the mean shear test results are overestimated by the current equations. When introducing the new approach for the design resistance of headed studs, the main focus is on the description of the basic procedure for the development of the new approach and on the comparison with values in the existing code. Comparisons with push‐out test results from a recent European project have shown the good quality of the new approach.
Design and structural analysis of a 70‐m metal space‐frame radome
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: September 2020

The electrical performance of an antenna is usually affected by the stiffness, intensity, and stability of the radome structure. Thus, radome structural analysis is of great concern to designers. Taking a 70‐m radome structure to be built in the future with a 50‐m aperture antenna structure as the study platform, its mechanical behavior and electrical properties are analyzed and discussed. First, a detailed introduction regarding the method and principle of radome partitioning is presented. Based these methods, random divisions on radome plates are conducted using a specially developed program, and thereby, a whole spherical‐segment model is established. In addition, focusing on the finite element model of a steel radome structure, static mechanical, seismic response, modality, and stability analyses are performed, such that the member sections of the radome structure, adopting two kinds of materials, are determined. The results show that the mechanical properties of the structure are superior and that all indices meet the requirements in the safety evaluation. Just as noteworthy, the influencing mechanism of structural deformation of the radome on electrical performance is examined, and in particular, the reason why large deformation does not greatly degrade electrical performance is presented. Subsequently, a novel method for describing deformation is put forth to accurately estimate the effects of structural deformation on electrical performance. These achievements provide references for structural design and construction as well as maintenance of similar common metal space‐truss radomes.
Time series analysis of separation for vegetation management around power lines using UAV photogrammetry
Authors: Arai Tatsuya , Kageyama Yoichi , Ishizawa Chikako , Shirai Hikaru , Ishii Masaki , Suehiro Kenji , Takahashi Nobuaki , Kobayashi Takuya , Yaguchi Shohei , Sato Toshiharu , Sawata Michihiro , Chiba Tatsuki
Published: September 2020

In recent years, several studies have been performed on methods of investigating the periphery of power lines using remote sensing. Among the survey methods using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), those methods are being studied wherein the environment around power lines is photographed by a UAV, and separation measurements are performed by reconstructing the three‐dimensional (3D) point cloud between power lines and the vegetation. Such methods currently rely on reconstructing the power line, making it necessary to acquire images from a position close to the power line. However, by using information available from the power company on the position and structure of pylons and the sag of power lines, it is possible to calculate the position of the power line without 3D reconstruction. In this study, time series management of vegetation around power lines was enabled using the data obtained by UAVs at different times and information on the transmission equipment. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Serological investigations of Peste des Petits Ruminants in cattle of Nepal
Authors: Prajapati Meera , Shrestha Swoyam Prakash , Kathayat Dipak , Dou Yongxi , Li Yanmin , Zhang Zhidong
Published: September 2020

Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR) is an infectious viral disease of small ruminants caused by PPR virus. Although goat and sheep are the primary hosts of PPR, studies have continuously reported the prevalence of circulating antibodies in large ruminants, which could bring a potential challenge to effectively control and eradicate PPR. In Nepal, seroprevalence of PPRV antibodies in cattle have not been monitored yet. To address this, a total of 255 cattle sera were collected from Rupandehi, Banke, Bara and Chitwan districts of Nepal where outbreak of PPR in small ruminants was reported previously. The sera samples were tested by competitive ELISA and the result indicated the prevalence of 5.88% PPRV antibodies in cattle which indicates the exposure of cattle to PPR virus. To make the disease control program effective, intensive monitoring of both domestic and wild animals is very important.
Synergistic effects of organically modified montmorillonite in combination with metal oxides on the fire safety enhancement of intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins
Authors: Xu Zhisheng , Jia Hongyu , Yan Long , Chu Zhiyong , Zhou Huan
Published: September 2020

Synergistic effects of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) in combination with different metal oxides (Bi2O3, Sb2O3, and MoO3) on the fire safety enhancement of the intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins (EPs) were systematically evaluated. The results from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that the OMMT and metal oxides acquire a uniform distribution in the EP matrix, and OMMT platelets exhibit a fully exfoliated state. The flammability and thermogravimetry (TG) tests show that the intumescent flame retardant (IFR)‐OMMT‐metal oxide ternary system can endow EPs with the higher synergistic efficiencies on the enhancement of flame retardancy, smoke suppression properties, and charring ability compared to those of IFR or IFR‐OMMT system, and the synergistic efficiency is the following order: IFR/OMMT/Sb2O3 > IFR/OMMT/MoO3 > IFR/OMMT/Bi2O3. In particular, the sample, filled with 1.5 wt% OMMT, 1.5 wt% Sb2O3, and 27 wt% IFR, passes the UL94 V‐0 rating and acquires the highest limiting oxygen index value of 28.5% among the samples. The IFR‐OMMT‐metal oxide ternary system exerts a better synergistic effect on the generation of crosslinking and aromatic structures that supply the excellent charring effect and barrier effect for the EPs, and the synergistic efficiency of IFR‐OMMT‐metal oxide ternary system is varied with the types of metal oxides.
Large‐scale offshore wind energy installation in northwest India: Assessment of wind resource using Weather Research and Forecasting and levelized cost of energy
Authors: Kumar Rohan , Stallard Tim , Stansby Peter K.
Published: September 2020

In India, there are plans for 5 GW of installed capacity of wind power by 2022. This study establishes that the wind resource along the west coast of Gujarat is sufficient for offshore wind farms of between 500 MW to 2 GW rated power to be operated with capacity factors of 40% to 54%. For the majority of sites, a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in the range 68 to 86 £/MWh can be achieved with installation on floating support structures. The LCOE is up to 3.2 £/MWh greater for installation on bed‐fixed structures closer to shore. The wind resource and energy yield are predicted using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Wind speed occurrence is predicted to within 1.3% for multiple sites simultaneously, and this provides wind turbine energy yield to within 3.4%. Wind speeds occurring due to sea breeze are accurately predicted and contribute 6.2% of annual energy generation at the nearshore locations and 3.8% at the deeper water offshore sites. While these events improve the viability of nearshore locations, floating installations offer lower LCOE for most locations along the Gujarat coast.
Spin States of 1D Iron(II) Coordination Polymers with Redox Active TTF(py)2 as Bridging Ligand
Authors: Schönfeld Sophie , Hörner Gerald , Heinemann Frank W. , Hofmann Anja , Marschall Roland , Weber Birgit
Published: September 2020

In this manuscript, we report the solvent‐dependent synthesis of 1D coordination polymers derived from two planar N2O2‐coordinate iron(II) complexes FeL1 and FeL2, which incorporate TTF(py)2 as a bridging bis‐monodentate ligand. The obtained 1D polymers were characterized through elemental analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, single crystal structure analysis for 2a·2 DMF, magnetic susceptibility measurements, X‐ray powder diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, supplemented by DFT computation. The results revealed additive electronic properties of the sub‐units FeL and TTF(py)2 with only minor mutual influence. Intriguingly however, the solvent‐of‐synthesis is found to be a steering factor of the magnetic spin crossover properties of the resulting materials, yielding divergent behavior if obtained from DMF, MeCN or EtOH. This becomes strikingly evident for the magnetic properties of the DMF‐derived polymer which is found trapped in the low‐spin state in the single crystal 2a· 2 DMF, but shows a gradual spin crossover if all solvent is removed.
Chaotic dynamics of size‐dependent curvilinear Euler–Bernoulli beam resonators (MEMS) in a stationary thermal field
Authors: Krysko Anton V. , Awrejcewicz Jan , Kutepov Ilya E. , Krysko Vadim A.
Published: September 2020

In this work the chaotic dynamics of flexible curvilinear Euler–Bernoulli micro‐beams embedded into a stationary temperature field is investigated. The temperature field is modelled based on a the Duhamel–Neumann theory and is free from the restrictions on the temperature field distribution along beam thickness. The von Kármán geometric strain–stress relations are employed. The governing nonlinear PDEs are yielded by the Hamilton principle with an account of the modified couple stress theory. The finite dimension problem is truncated to a finite system of nonlinear ODEs using the finite difference method (FDM) and then the Cauchy problem is solved with a help of the Runge–Kutta method. Action of the 2D thermal field is defined by solution to the heat transfer PDE which is also solved by FDM of the second order of accuracy. The so‐called charts of vibration regimes (amplitude‐frequency planes) are constructed. In particular, novel features of nonlinear (chaotic) dynamics versus the change of the magnitude of the size (length) dependent parameter are reported.

The carried out numerical analysis is supported by the monitoring of frequency power spectra based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), phase space projections, Poincaré maps and LLEs (largest Lyapunov exponents). We have also analyzed system chaotic dynamics of the classical and size‐dependent beam models versus series of values of the two control parameters, i.e. beam curvature and its size‐dependent length. Moreover, we have detected and illustrated the novel scenarios of transition form regular to chaotic vibrations of the studied beams, governed by non‐linear PDEs.
q-nonabelianization for line defects
Authors: Neitzke Andrew , Yan Fei
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We consider the q-nonabelianization map, which maps links L in a 3-manifold M to combinations of links $$ \tilde{L} $$

L
˜

in a branched N -fold cover $$ \tilde{M} $$

M
˜

. In quantum field theory terms, q-nonabelianization is the UV-IR map relating two different sorts of defect: in the UV we have the six-dimensional (2, 0) superconformal field theory of type $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
(N ) on M × ℝ2,1, and we consider surface defects placed on L × {x4 = x5 = 0}; in the IR we have the (2, 0) theory of type gl (1) on $$ \tilde{M} $$

M
˜

× ℝ2,1, and put the defects on $$ \tilde{L} $$

L
˜

× {x4 = x5 = 0}. In the case M = ℝ3, q-nonabelianization computes the Jones polynomial of a link, or its analogue associated to the group U(N ). In the case M = C × ℝ, when the projection of L to C is a simple non-contractible loop, q-nonabelianization computes the protected spin character for framed BPS states in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories of class S. In the case N = 2 and M = C × ℝ, we give a concrete construction of the q-nonabelianization map. The construction uses the data of the WKB foliations associated to a holomorphic covering $$ \tilde{C}\to C $$

C
˜

→
C
.
Extended phase space thermodynamics for black holes in a cavity
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang , Yao Feiyu
Published: September 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we extend the phase space of black holes enclosed by a spherical cavity of radius rB to include $$ V=4\pi {r}_B^3/3 $$
V
=
4
π

r
B
3

/
3
as a thermodynamic volume. The thermodynamic behavior of Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black holes is then investigated in the extended phase space. In a canonical ensemble at constant pressure, we find that the aforementioned thermodynamic behavior is remarkably similar to that of the anti-de Sitter (AdS) counterparts with the cosmological constant being interpreted as a pressure. Specifically, a first-order Hawking-Page-like phase transition occurs for a Schwarzschild black hole in a cavity. The phase structure of a RN black hole in a cavity shows a strong resemblance to that of the van der Waals fluid. We also display that the Smarr relation has the same expression in both AdS and cavity cases. Our results may provide a new perspective for the extended thermodynamics of AdS black holes by analogy with black holes in a cavity.
Sub-leading asymptotics of ECH capacities
Authors: Cristofaro-Gardiner Dan , Savale Nikhil
Published: September 2020

In previous work (Cristofaro-Gardiner et al. in Invent Math 199:187–214, 2015), the first author and collaborators showed that the leading asymptotics of the embedded contact homology spectrum recovers the contact volume. Our main theorem here is a new bound on the sub-leading asymptotics.
Characterization of MK6240, a tau PET tracer, in autopsy brain tissue from Alzheimer’s disease cases
Authors: Malarte Mona-Lisa , Nordberg Agneta , Lemoine Laetitia
Published: September 2020

Purpose

MK6240 is a second-generation tau PET tracer designed to detect the neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the study was to characterize 3H-MK6240 in AD and control brain tissue and to compare its binding properties with those of first-generation tau PET tracers.

Methods

Saturation binding assays with 3H-MK6240 were carried out in the temporal and parietal cortices of AD brains to determine the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and the dissociation constants (Kd) at these sites. Competitive binding assays were carried out between 3H-MK6240 and unlabelled MK6240, AV-1451 (aka T807, flortaucipir) and THK5117, and between 3H-THK5351 and unlabelled MK6240. Regional binding studies with 3H-MK6240 were carried out in homogenates from six AD and seven control brains and, using autoradiography, on large frozen sections from two AD brains and one control brain.

Results

The saturation binding assays gave Bmax and Kd values of 59.2 fmol/mg and 0.32 nM in the temporal cortex and 154.7 fmol/mg and 0.15 nM in the parietal cortex. The competitive binding assays revealed two binding sites with affinities in the picomolar and nanomolar range shared by 3H-MK6240 and all the tested unlabelled compounds. There were no binding sites in common between 3H-THK5351 and unlabelled MK6240. Regional binding of 3H-MK6240 was significantly higher in AD brain tissue than in controls. Binding in brain tissue from AD patients with early-onset AD was significantly higher than in brain tissue from patients with late-onset AD. Binding of 3H-MK6240 was not observed in off-target regions. Autoradiography showed high regional cortical binding in the two AD brains and very low binding in the control brain.

Conclusions

3H-MK6240 has a high binding affinity for tau deposits in AD brain tissue but also has different binding characteristics from those of the first-generation tau tracers. This confirms the complexity of tau tracer binding on tau deposits with different binding affinities for different binding sites.