bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Content Analysis of Immigration in Traditional, New, and Non-Gateway State Standards for U.S. History and Civics
Authors: Hilburn Jeremy , Journell Wayne , Buchanan Lisa Brown
Published: March 2016

In this content analysis of state U.S. History and Civics standards, we compared the treatment of immigration across three types of states with differing immigration demographics. Analyzing standards from 18 states from a critical race methodology perspective, our findings indicated three sets of tensions: a unified American story versus local specificity, immigration as a historical versus civic issue, and favorable versus unfavorable tenor of the standards. Through this project, we were able to draw some initial conclusions about the relationship between states’ immigration demographics and social studies standards. Thus, this study builds on the small but growing new gateway state literature and on the content analysis literature related to immigration and the formal social studies curriculum.
High School Teachers’ Identities: Constructing Civic Selves
Authors: Obenchain Kathryn M. , Balkute Asta , Vaughn Erin , White Shannon
Published: March 2016

Research suggests that teachers play a role in the type of citizenship education implemented in schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore how two high school teachers understood and enacted their civic identities as a dimension of their teacher identities. Findings suggest that factors contributing to an individual’s civic identity take on a unique perspective when filtered through the development and enactment of teacher professional identity. Participants’ civic identities are discussed through the two dimensions of belonging and responsibility to the community. They ground their civic identities in the local community, encouraging their students to fit into and serve the local community. Participants supported democratic ideals including justice and diversity, but rejected an American identity that they equated with negativity, consumerism, and inhospitable to those who are unfamiliar. In-service teacher education would benefit from building on and reframing teachers’ existing community connections to incorporate participatory action research (PAR) and critical service-learning.
Наука в новом мире: Три сюжета генезиса региональной политологии в постсоветской Украине
Authors: Осин Вадим
Published: March 2016

The article takes as its point of departure the famous dictum of the French political thinker, Alexis de Tocqueville: “A new science of politics is needed for a new world.” What new, if any, political science do new post-Soviet societies have? Vadim Osin answers this question using the case of Ukraine, focusing on three aspects of the genesis of Ukrainian political science and relying on a series of in-depth interviews conducted with political scientists in several regions of Ukraine. First, the author analyzes the motivations of those who have joined the profession in the wake of perestroika. Second, he reconstructs the dominant gender regime in the profession of political science and its perception and interpretation by female and male practitioners. Third, he places the local academic tradition within the broader international context of knowledge production and dissemination, and characterizes the status of Ukrainian scholarship as colonial. Osin asserts that Ukrainian social scientists experience double colonial pressure, from the American and Russian academic traditions, and are exploited by the domestic neopatrimonial political regime.
Safeguarding “Negative Historical Values” for the Future?: Appropriating the Past in the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site Auschwitz-Birkenau
Authors: Röttjer Julia
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY: In 1979 the former concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau was included in UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage. This article analyzes how the function of Auschwitz-Birkenau in the appropriation of the past was perceived as well as constructed by this process in national and international contexts. The historical lessons drawn from the camp’s “material testimony” formed the didactic base material inevitable for the building of a better future. The conservation paradigms of the ecological management and the buffer zone of the site, from the 1970s to the 1990s, reveal how Auschwitz-Birkenau was translated from a pool of authentic evidence into a transmission belt for a vision of the future. They show how temporal references were mediated on the site and reveal the implications for understandings of the past that have been produced in this manner. РезюМе: В 1979 г. бывший концентрационный лагерь смерти Аушвиц-Биркенау был включен в список всемирного культурного наследия ЮНЕСКО. Музеефикация концентрационного лагеря придала Аушвицу важную социальную функцию освоения и присвоения прошлого. В статье рассматривается история этого решения ЮНЕСКО, а также конструирование значения нового исторического памятника и отношение к нему в польском обществе в последующий период. Строительство “лучшего будущего” опиралось на исторические уроки, которые формулировались с учетом “материального свидетельства” концлагеря. На конкретном примере дискуссий о техниках сохранения материальных объектов и ландшафта 1970-х − 1990-х гг. автор показывает изменение символической роли Аушвица: от комплекса аутентичных свидетельств преступлений прошлого – к фактору, формирующему представление о будущем. Изменение представлений об “аутентичности” и репрезентативности для определенного хронологического момента имело важные последствия для понимания прошлого.
Новый взгляд на феномен реализма: о фотографическом проекте художника Верещагина и генерала Кауфмана
Authors: Чернышева Мария
Published: March 2016

In 1874, the artist Vasily Vereschagin published an album of photographic reproductions of his paintings from the “Turkestan series.” This project was commissioned by the first Turkestan governor-general, Konstantin P. von Kaufman. The article reviews this collaborative project by an artist and a high-ranking bureaucrat as an expression of the broader propaganda effort to legitimize Russia’s annexations in Central Asian. Still more important is the role of that album as an artifact of the international art market and art management of the epoch. New technologies of reproduction and dissemination of original art catered to the broadening public interest, and at the same time reflected the rise of realism as a dominant epistemological and ideological principle of the epoch.
Шанс уцелеть
Authors: Бернштейн Юлия
Published: March 2016

Julia Bernstein introduces the publication of three interviews from the archive of the Shoah Visual History Foundation founded by Steven Spielberg in 1994. Located on the premises of the University of Southern California, the archive currently includes about 52,000 interviews with Holocaust survivors. Bernstein has selected and translated three interviews with Polish Jews, who had been deported to the inner territories of the USSR after the Soviet annexation of parts of Poland in 1939, and thus escaped the Holocaust. She introduces the archive and explains her choice of the documents, two of which she has translated from English into Russian.
Исторический манифест: Глава 4. Большие вопросы, “большие данные”
Authors: ГУЛДИ Джо , АРМИТЕДЖ Дэвид
Published: March 2016

This is the Russian translation of the fourth chapter of The History Manifesto by Jo Guldi and David Armitage. The book’s main focus is a critique of the shortage of long-term thinking that, according to the authors, characterizes the social imagination of our time and the dominant mode of history writing. They propose a return to longue durée history as a tool of social analysis directed toward the future. In a crisis of short-termism, Guldi and Armitage claim, our world needs somewhere to turn for information about the relationship between past and future. History – as a discipline and a subject matter – is an ideal candidate for the job, just the arbiter we need at this critical time. In Chapter 4, the authors propose the role of historians in the society as the arbiters making sense of aggregated big data. They believe that in the future, big data will hold the key to uncovering the true meaning of events and processes, past and present, and that historians are uniquely qualified for the job. They could collaborate with archivists, data scientists, economists, and climate scientists in curating larger and more synthetic databases for studying change over time. In this way, they will transcend the sphere of academe, catering to the broader public as well to business and politicians.
Слишком поляки для Советов, слишком евреи для поляков: Польские евреи в СССР в 1939−1945
Authors: Будницкий Олег
Published: March 2016

Oleg Budnitskii details the historical background relevant to the personal stories of the three Holocaust survivors from Poland, whose interviews are published in the “Archive” section of this issue of Ab Imperio . He provides quantitative estimates of the dynamics of the Jews who found themselves in the USSR following the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland, from 1939 to their return to Poland after the war. Budnitskii outlines the chronology and composition of four waves of Soviet deportation from Polish territories, discusses the problem of official Soviet antisemitism and the antisemitism of Polish patriots during and after the war. He also contextualizes the interviews within the broader field of published firsthand testimonies of other Polish Jews who had similar experiences.
Исторический Манифест: Заключение: “Общественное будущее” прошлого
Authors: ГУЛДИ Джо , АРМИТЕДЖ Дэвид
Published: March 2016

This is the Russian translation of The History Manifesto by Jo Guldi and David Armitage. The book’s main focus is a critique of the shortage of longterm thinking that, according to the authors, characterizes the social imagination of our time and the dominant mode of history writing. They propose a return to longue durée history as a tool of social analysis directed toward the future. In a crisis of short-termism, Guldi and Armitage claim, our world needs somewhere to turn for information about the relationship between past and future. History – as a discipline and a subject matter – is an ideal candidate for the job, just the arbiter we need at this critical time. In the Conclusion, the authors summarize their argument as developed in the four chapters of the text. They assert that history’s relationship with the “public future” lies in developing a longue-durée contextual background against which archival information, events, and sources can be interpreted.
In a Precarious Time and Place: The Refusal to Wallow and Other Migratory Temporal Investments in Care Divas, the Musical
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: March 2016

In July 2011, Care Divas , an exuberant, high-energy musical about Filipino migrants in Israel, enjoyed its third run of shows in six months to sold-out audiences in Manila. Highlighting the intimate spaces of contemporary global labor migration, the smash-hit musical reveals how multiple intimacies and histories rub up against each other and enable temporary collectivities and affinities in the timespace compression of globalization. I suggest that this precarious global time “in between” is nonidentical with national time effected by the negotiation with spaces and histories that do not necessarily belong to the migrant. From the migrant’s standpoint, precarious global time is nonidentical with any particular national time riven by the disruptions of multiple spaces and histories—a reframing that generates alternative socialities and temporalities outside of the national order.
Currents of Militarization, Flows of Hip-Hop: Expanding the Geographies of Filipino American Culture
Authors: Villegas Mark Redondo
Published: March 2016

This article demonstrates how Filipino American hip-hop performance reflects a history of U.S. militarization within Filipino diasporic communities. I argue that Filipino American emcee Geologic’s biography and poetics exemplify the cultural politics emanating from militarized Filipino American communities. I contend that these cultural politics are represented in a “Filipino American hip-hop vernacular,” a set of popular cultural practices emerging out of the shadows of U.S.-Philippine colonial and neocolonial encounter.
Laughter Against the state: On Humor, Postcolonial Satire, and Asian American Short Fiction
Authors: Balce Nerissa S.
Published: March 2016

This article demonstrates how Filipino American hip-hop performance reflects a history of U.S. militarization within Filipino diasporic communities. I argue that Filipino American emcee Geologic’s biography and poetics exemplify the cultural politics emanating from militarized Filipino American communities. I contend that these cultural politics are represented in a “Filipino American hip-hop vernacular,” a set of popular cultural practices emerging out of the shadows of U.S.-Philippine colonial and neocolonial encounter.
Emotional Labor of Racialization: Carlos Bulosan’s Anger as a Critique of Filipino Alienation in America
Authors: Ana Jeffrey Santa
Published: March 2016

This article examines the anger expressed by Carlos Bulosan, a Filipino migrant writer in early to mid-twentieth-century America. Bulosan’s anger evaluates the beginnings of a paradoxical racial form for Filipinos who lived and worked as colonial subjects in the United States. While the Philippines was under U.S. colonial rule (1899–1946), Americans perceived Filipinos as happily servile because of the exploitable labor they performed as household servants, farm hands, and cannery workers. But paradoxically, Americans also considered Filipino men to be sexually threatening because they viewed them through stereotypes of black males as hypersexual predators of white women. By taking into account Bulosan’s antagonism to alienation in the workplace, this essay argues that we especially understand the relevance of Bulosan’s oeuvre to scrutinize racial oppression through his Marxian critique of Filipino alienation in America in a process I call the emotional labor of racialization . Through his anger at work exploitation, Bulosan articulates a materialist analysis of the emotions that assesses the emergence of a Filipino racial form and calls attention to emotional objectification in Asian American racialization. Moreover, through both expressing and describing his struggle to manage a vehement affect such as anger, Bulosan critiques the racialized perception of Filipinos as objects of commodity happiness—as subjects of happiness for hire—in the eyes of white Americans who ascribed to the Filipino laborer the Chinese migrant’s supposedly unusual capacity for highly exploitable work.
“Town of God”: Ota Benga, the Batetela Boys, and the Promise of Black America
Authors: Sotiropoulos Karen
Published: March 2016

This article tells a story of black identity, race, and colonialism in the turn of the twentieth-century Atlantic world by imagining how African men encountered black Americans both in Africa and in the United States. Ota Benga’s life is most often told in the context of then prevalent US social Darwinism; he is best known as a man brought from King Leopold’s Congo to be put on display at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair, only to end up later caged in the Bronx Zoo. This article considers Benga alongside fellow continental Africans who also suffered under Europe’s regimes and traveled the landscape of American Jim Crow. Situating Benga’s story amid new scholarship on Africa and black America, this article highlights how much a diversity of Africans began to articulate a race-based identity as they encountered the work of black American missionaries on both sides of the Atlantic.
Collective Learning: A Potential Unifying Theme of Human History
Authors: Baker David
Published: March 2016

One of the key concepts for the human part of the grand narrative of Big History is known as “collective learning.” It is one very prominent broad trend that sweeps across all human history. Collective learning to a certain degree distinguishes us as a species, got us out of Africa and the foraging lifestyle of the Paleolithic, and underpinned demographic cycles and human progress for 250,000 years. This paper looks at collective learning as a concept, its evolution within hominine species, its role in human demography, and the two great revolutions of human history: agriculture and industry. The paper then goes on to explain the connection of collective learning to Jared Diamond’s Tasmanian Effect. Collective learning also played a key role in the two Great Divergences of the past two thousand years. One is industry and the rise of the West, described to great effect by Kenneth Pomeranz; the other is the less well known: the burst of demography and innovation in Song China at the turn of the second millennium c.e . Finally the paper concludes with insights into how collective learning forges a strong connection between human history and cosmology, geology, and biology, through what is widely recognized as one of the unifying themes of Big History: the rise of complexity in the universe.
The Aesthetics of Internationalism: Culture and Politics on Display at the 1935–1936 International Exhibition of Chinese Art
Authors: Scaglia Ilaria
Published: March 2016

This article examines the 1935–1936 International Exhibition of Chinese Art in London, “the largest Chinese cultural event ever mounted,” and the first to be organized jointly by both the British and the Chinese governments. By analyzing this exhibition at multiple stages (from its conception, to the selection, transportation, and display of the artifacts, to their return to the owners), this study demonstrates that this event was a staged spectacle of internationalism, one that celebrated not only Chinese art but also the peoples and the internationalist policies that had led to their display. As such, it represents an important chapter in the history of internationalism, of China’s place in the international arena, and of the relationship between politics and aesthetics in the twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Pestana Carla Gardina
Published: March 2016

The recently published Global Crisis: War, Climate Change, and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century , by Geoffrey Parker, represents a monumental piece of scholarship. Arguing that climate crisis sparked political, economic, and social upheaval, the book charts the varied responses of a wide variety of historical actors to the resulting crisis. Ranging across most continents, citing more than 2,500 sources (one third of them first-person accounts), and incorporating material from archives in at least ten countries, this work is one with which scholars will be grappling for some time to come. As an initial assessment, an AHA roundtable forum in Washington, D.C., brought together three respondents and more than one hundred audience members. This forum conveys the substance of that discussion.
The Repugnant Other: Soldiers, Missionaries, and Aid Workers as Organizational Migrants
Authors: Lucassen Leo , Smit Aniek X.
Published: March 2016

Most people do not consider diplomats, corporate expatriates, missionaries, scholars, or soldiers to be migrants. Even migration scholars often pay little attention to people whose migratory behavior is primarily determined by the interests of the organization they work for. The reason for this blind spot is not the lack of analytical tools. In his landmark 1971 paper on the mobility transition, the geographer Wilbur Zelinsky already acknowledged the importance of such—often highly skilled—migrants. Five years later, Charles Tilly made a similar point in his migration typology, which was adopted in the overview of migration in Western Europe by Leslie Page Moch, by explicitly distinguishing “career migrants.” Notwithstanding the inclusion of what we label “organizational migrants” by leading scholars, in the mainstream migration historiography attention to their mobility is conspicuously lacking.
Time and Timelessness: A Study of Narrative Structure in Murakami Haruki’s Kafka on the Shore
Authors: Yeung Virginia
Published: March 2016

This essay examines narrative structure and themes in Murakami Haruki’s Kafka on the Shore , mainly from the standpoint of time. It argues that many of the novel’s central ideas, such as growth, recovery from trauma, and the redemptive value of suffering, are explored through the philosophical concept of time.
Vectors of a Flea: The Convergence of Species in Victorian Animal Autobiographies
Authors: Prystash Justin
Published: March 2016

This essay examines three late-nineteenth-century novels— The Autobiography of a Flea, Black Beauty , and Beautiful Joe —that muddle the pornography and animal autobiography genres, revealing how representations of inter-species violence and sexuality were used to narrativize evolution and dissolve the ontological divide between human and animal.
Jazzing the Novel: The Derridean Ethics of Michael Ondaatje’s Coming through Slaughter
Authors: Diebschlag Natalie
Published: March 2016

This essay focuses on the depiction of jazz in Michael Ondaatje’s Coming through Slaughter . I argue that the elusiveness of Buddy Bolden’s music and Ondaatje’s own experimentalism enact the ethics that is central to the work of Jacques Derrida. By extension, they articulate a diasporic condition that is both universal as well as culturally specific.
Limbo, Pluto, Soprano: Negative Capability in Three Underworlds
Authors: Glausser Wayne
Published: March 2016

Keats defines his paradoxical virtue of “Negative Capability” as a willingness to remain in doubt. Three recent interpretive controversies offer test cases: debates about Limbo, Pluto, and the finale of The Sopranos . In all three cases, traditional authority engages with some version of vox populi that both threatens and enriches the production of knowledge.
Redrawing History: Visual Postmemory in Tardi’s 120, rue de la Gare
Authors: Bliss Jennifer Anderson
Published: March 2016

This essay explores ways in which Tardi’s adaptation marks the otherwise apolitical narrative with historical indicators. Through the comics medium and the prolific use of shifting signifiers and monikers, the text grapples with the uneasy notion of a national identity threatened by Nazi occupation and the legacy of WWII.
The Detective as “Zombie of the Interrogative Mood” in Cameron McCabe’s The Face on the Cutting-Room Floor
Authors: Reyes-Peschl Romén
Published: March 2016

While Cameron McCabe’s detective novel The Face on the Cutting-Room Floor interrogates its own generic mystery elements, Padgett Powell’s The Interrogative Mood asks if its own constant questions are “independent [. . .] zombies of the interrogative mood.” This essay examines how reading as mutual interrogation brings text, detective and reader in McCabe’s novel (back) to life.
“Set my lands in order”: States of Exception, the Cinematic, and The Waste Land
Authors: Dempsey Sean
Published: March 2016

After describing how states of exception are understood differently by T.S. Eliot and his German contemporary Carl Schmitt, this essay draws upon recent discussions concerning cinema and literature to trace how The Waste Land , by disrupting networks that normally capture and coordinate conviction, helps us see that the way we frame things matters.
Referencing Proust in Annie Guéhenno’s L’épreuve
Authors: Comfort Kathy
Published: March 2016

This essay reads Annie Guéhenno’s L’épreuve as a literary memoir. Guéhenno structures her memoir about her experiences in the French Resistance on key episodes from Marcel Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu . In this way, we are afforded access into Guéhenno’s inner world as a young agent de liaison .
Gift-giving and Domesticating the Upper-class Pooch in Flush
Authors: Taneja Payal
Published: March 2016

Engaging Virginia Woolf’s Flush as an important text for feminist, modernist, and animal studies, this essay argues that the female figures in this text resist commodifying their pet by acting as guardians. But this critique of commodification is undercut by the anthropomorphic aspects of pet-keeping and the class politics portrayed in the novel.
From Experiment to Epidemic: Embodiment in the Decadent Modernism of Arthur Machen’s “The Great God Pan” and “The Inmost Light”
Authors: Lovatt Gabriel
Published: March 2016

In Arthur Machen’s Decadent horrors “The Great God Pan” and “The Inmost Light,” contagion becomes a modern form of transformation that upends Cartesian dualism. Drawing on theories of embodied cognition, late-nineteenth-century neuroscience, and Decadent aesthetics, this essay examines Machen’s depictions of the mind-body in tumult.
“The Abstract Pathos of Song”: Carl Sandburg, John Lomax, and the Modernist Revival of Folksong
Authors: Peart Andrew
Published: March 2016

This essay examines the collaboration of poet Carl Sandburg and folklorist John Lomax, who formed a salon in Chicago from 1917 to 1920 for the performance, exchange, and study of American folksongs. Sandburg and Lomax helped to introduce a poetics of song into American literary modernism. Meanwhile, their folklore scholarship helped to revive and reinvent the concept of folksong as a category for addressing the tumultuous racial politics of the interwar period. In examining Sandburg’s recorded performances of African American folksongs from the 1920s, this essay posits a modernist poetics of song that should be understood as an indigenous art of the age of sound recording and reproduction. Treating the aural elements of poetry as acoustic rather than linguistic phenomena—as the stuff of wavelengths and frequencies rather than phonemes and sound shapes—this poetics of song also used phonography’s disembodiment of voice to cast racial and ethnic markers as audible signifiers that could be mixed and recombined in performance as the stuff of new composite identities. Sandburg’s poetics of song, the essay argues, challenged Lomax’s traditional view of folksong as the expression of homogenous communities and promoted instead an ethnic and cultural pluralism that was deeply informed by the labor struggles of black and white workers in interwar Chicago.
Songs of the Century
Authors: Graham T. Austin
Published: March 2016

What is the historical context of a popular song? This essay considers a few possible answers, exploring the ways that a song can exist in something as brief as a passing moment and as broad as a century. It also suggests that when we hear those songs whose times have been the longest, we might not be hearing “songs” at all, but rather “musicking” behaviors that have survived their first iterations and been propounded by various artists over many years.
Song as Paraphrase
Authors: Kramer Lawrence
Published: March 2016

“Song” is an umbrella term covering a vast variety of practices, many with little in common. This essay asks what it would take to theorize song as a phenomenon rather than to theorize specific genres of song. How can we think about song—if we can—as a relationship of language and music in a purely potential mode, independent of the relationships between words and music typical of those genres? How can we understand the role of media in this framing this potentiality? Can we bring such theorizing back to specific genres in a revealing way? What about particular songs? What, for example, about Franz Schubert’s “Auf dem Wasser to Singen”?
Dylan’s Bridges
Authors: Hartman Charles O.
Published: March 2016

For more than half a century, Bob Dylan has explored the song forms offered by every branch of American popular music, elaborating them and investigating their expressive possibilities. He began with stanzaic “folk” and blues structures, refined and expanded the uses of refrains, and, after a certain point during his brief but preeminent “folk rock” period, added Tin Pan Alley devices such as the bridge. Ultimately concentrating on Blonde on Blonde, the essay examines how these formal choices operate in listeners’ experience, and how they enable Dylan’s lyric, narrative, and dramatic variety. Choices of song form emerge as central manifestations of Dylan’s synoptic vision of American life.
To Make Song Without Singing: Hip Hop and Popular Music in Senegal
Authors: Appert Catherine M.
Published: March 2016

Examining the intersections of indigenous and popular genres in Senegalese music, this article outlines the processes through which concepts of song and singing changed—or were codified—through recording technologies in a semiformal musical economy, and shows how the seemingly universal phenomenon of singing (in this case, vocal performance writ large) has been inscribed as both indigenous and hegemonic through particular historical and social processes. I argue that hardcore rappers in the 1990s conflated “singing” as the melodic vocal practice foregrounded in popular song with “singing” as a performative affirmation of interconnected historical and contemporary power imbalances. Their musical practices were informed both by global hip hop trends and by this local, politicized history of singing. Localized tropes of hip hop realness thus went beyond what the voice uttered to question how it uttered, constructing an opposition between “hardcore” and “commercial” hip hop that pivoted on melodic vocal performance as much as on lyrical content.
Ci Songs From the Song Dynasty: A Ménage à Trois of Lyrics, Music, and Performance
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: March 2016

Ci is a genre of Chinese poetry or song that has been continuously written, read, and/or performed since the late ninth century. In the last six or so centuries, however, the genre was more read as literature than sung as song. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, ci works are increasingly being sung as ancient songs ( gudai gequ ) with authentic or reconstructed melodies from the past. This development raises a web of questions about ci lyrics, music, and performance, which have inseparable but unequal and unstable interrelationships. To probe the issues of ci as text and/or music, this essay analyzes authentic lyrics, notated music, and contemporary performance of three masterpieces of Jiang Kui (1151-1221), one of the most cherished and documented poet-composers in Chinese culture and history. The analyses show that ci lyrics, music, and performance constitute a ménage à trois. Each of its expressive modes is autonomous, joining and leaving the other partners at will. When the three join forces at the same time and place, their expressiveness transcends that which each can individually offer.
TransAmericana: Gender, Genre, and Journey
Authors: Goldin-Perschbacher Shana
Published: March 2016

“TransAmericana” describes a contemporary sociomusical phenomenon of transgender and queerly gendered musicians who have chosen American roots genres including country and folk as their expressive material. This combination of gender and genre may seem unexpected. Roots functions through assertions of authenticity and sincerity, framing itself as a simple and historical music “of the people.” Meanwhile, biased views of transgender people assume deceit, while radical queer voices tend to be heard via genres linked to rebellion or camp. Yet several of these musicians have come to their gender and genre identifications simultaneously, describing a cogenerative relationship. My essay argues that assumptions of normative identity in Americana music make it an attractive and powerful musical space for transgender and queerly gendered artists to play with both the sociomusical identifications around Americana and expectations of “the transgender narrative.”
It’s Not About the Cut: The Castrato’s Instrumentalized Song
Authors: Gordon Bonnie
Published: March 2016

In 2009, the opera singer Cecilia Bartoli released the album Sacrificium , a sleek collection of music that castrati sang in the eighteenth century. Castrati—adult men castrated before puberty in order to retain their high soprano voices—had extraordinary breath control, a pure tone, and an unusually flexible vocal instrument. In promotional materials, Bartoli characterized Sacrificium as “a work dedicated to ‘castratos’ and the music that their magic voices inspired … The title of the album refers to the sacrifice castratos did for the sake of music stance lay in the production of voice and the technique necessary to produce the required sound. This essay uses the castrato to shift the conversation in this special issue of NLH from song to the materials of song, i.e., voice and sound, and to position the human voice as instrumentalized matter. The castrato serves as a site for unpacking very unstable notions of voice, matter, instrument, and machine. Because the castrato voice was so explicitly made by surgeons, teachers, and the singers themselves, it foregrounds the technical practices and materials that make any song possible. This pushes against critical discussions of song that too frequently begin from poetry and attempt to explain why song differs from and exceeds language. Shifting the terms from song to singing and then to voice serves as a corrective to a Western philosophical tradition that has for centuries been invested in the return of an Arcadian ideal: an originary fusing of word and song, torn apart by modernity. The castrato voice puts pressure on that fantasy of a time when lyric and song were one, on the spiritualized concept of the voice that comes with it. An alternative reading to this philosophical understanding of the voice, which runs through Plato and Aristotle to Augustine and early modern anatomists, and finally to Freud and Derrida, arises when we situate the voice as sounding instrument alongside other materialities such as organs, scientific instruments, and body parts.
Poem Into Song
Authors: Helsinger Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

Much attention has been given to what happens when a song becomes a poem—particularly in the case of the “artifactualization” of the ballad and folk song when it is collected and circulated in print (its “remediation,” as Maureen McLane more neutrally puts it). Such medium-shifting was widespread in the late eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries, with the collecting, editing, and printing of old songs and ballads. This essay looks at the question from the other side: what happens when a poem becomes a song? Some have argued that the passage from poem to song is a struggle for mastery that the poem must lose. But history suggests something different: that the traffic between poem and song, between verse written and song musically performed, has always flowed in both directions, and that some poems, like some songs, not only survive transmemberment but thrive. With this history in mind, we should not be surprised to find that some poets look to the idea of song not only for what it might do for poetry, but also for how their poetry might affect popular cultures of song. William Blake, John Clare, and William Morris offer three examples of poets who seek to intervene in the culture of song, to purify its popular language, and thus to restore to song and song verse possibilities that, each believed, song had lost in an age of commercial remediation for large audiences.
A Place for Existential Ontology?: Emblems of Being and Implicit World-Projection
Authors: Tratter Angelica M. D.
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Heidegger’s existential ontology has greatly influenced existential psychiatry and psychotherapy, yet opinions about the psychotherapeutic utility of an ontological perspective remain divided, especially in light of Heidegger’s negative reactions to misappropriation of his ontological analysis. The present discussion questions the universality of existential ontology, not to do away with it, but, rather, to ‘rehabilitate’ Binswanger’s purported ‘mistaken’ take on ontology and his much critiqued notion of “world-design” with Merleau-Ponty’s ideas of the ontological relevance of “emblems of Being.” The concept of world-design is considered here as a clinically illuminating notion that warrants revision and expansion, which I attempt with the concept of implicit world-projection and its relation to emblems of Being. This reformulation is intended to capture the ontologically world-defining meaning horizon and its relationship to the varying degrees of ontological security and insecurity, ontological robustness, sensitivity, and oversensitivity. This revised notion of emblematic implicit world-projection reaches beyond the confines of the pathological and can be situated within the larger context of relational theorizing. It can also serve as a bridging concept to contemporary reformulations of the unconscious as the “implicit.”
What an Existential Ontology Can Offer Psychotherapists
Authors: Hersch Edwin L.
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
This article attempts to illustrate how an existential ontology has a great deal to offer to psychotherapists. Because this complex interaction may often be difficult to see, three ways in which such philosophical work has been applicable and enriching in the context of a particular psychotherapy practice are presented. These include a) the use of existential themes and concepts in psychotherapy, including the notions of existential guilt, existential anxiety, and bad faith, b) the argument that an existential ontology provides a more suitable philosophical grounding for psychotherapeutic theories and practices, one which better describes the life-world, experiential phenomena in question, and c) the idea that an existential version of the mental status examination, centered around six key dimensions of human experience (derived from an existential ontology) can provide us with a more in-depth understanding of, and better description of, an individual’s experiential world.
The Lost Language of Being: Ontology’s Perilous Destiny in Existential Psychotherapy
Authors: Craig Erik
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
This article invites conversation regarding what is seen as a pivotal problem in existential psychotherapy today: the loss of its language of being, its foundational understanding of ontology, Being , and the human being, Dasein . The article begins by introducing the disciplinary challenges of being an existential psychotherapist. This is followed by a systematic, multiperspectival discussion of ontology and its language of being and the challenges an ‘ontological eye’ presents for the theory and practice of existential psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. Historical and cultural factors contributing to America’s conceptual and clinical dispersity and disarray in existential thought and practice are summarized before presenting a brief overview of existential psychotherapy’s present standing, especially with respect to its prospects for developing a regional ontological understanding of the human as human and as a whole.
Are all Colleges Equally Equalizing?: How Institutional Selectivity Impacts Socioeconomic Disparities in Graduates’ Labor Outcomes
Authors: Giani Matt S.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the magnitude of disparities in the labor market outcomes of college graduates stemming from socioeconomic background varies according to institutional selectivity. The data used for the study are drawn from the National Center for Education Statistics’ Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, which followed a 2002 cohort of high school sophomores for ten years. The results suggest that socioeconomic background did impact the wages and earnings of students who earned their bachelor’s degree during this timeframe and that the magnitude of these disparities varies appreciably across institutional selectivity tiers.
Throwing Down the Gauntlet: Ten Ways to Ensure That Higher Education Research Continues to Matter
Authors: Perna Laura W.
Published: March 2016

As members of ASHE, we have an obligation to ensure that ASHE is an association that both promotes career development of members and advances the production and dissemination of high-quality research-based knowledge on current and emerging issues in higher education. In this presidential address, I look to the future of ASHE, offering questions for ASHE as an organization and identifying ten ways that ASHE members can ensure that higher education continues to matter into the future.
Motivations to Switch: Refuting the Public Discourse on Athletic Conference Realignment
Authors: Kramer Dennis A.
Published: March 2016

Over the past decade the growing popularity of intercollegiate athletics has incentivized institutions to realign with new athletic conferences. The public discourse on realignment centers on athletic financial gain. However, institutional and athletic administrators have long discussed the complexities of athletic conference realignment and its primary motivators. Using organizational theories to frame the discussion, results demonstrate the inherent connections between athletics and academics. Interviews and public documents offer specific insights into mechanisms and key factors by which campus leaders make decisions regarding athletic conference membership. Some possible influencers of realignment decisions are student demographics, academic and athletic finances, institutional prestige, and the impact of key actors within university decision-making. The ways in which institutions and athletics departments decided to engage in broad affiliation changes, facilitate new conference rivalries, and seek additional athletics-based revenue streams offer an unambiguous view of the priorities athletic and academic leaders set.
Transgender People at Four Big Ten Campuses: A Policy Discourse Analysis
Authors: Dirks Doris Andrea (D.A.)
Published: March 2016

This article examines the language used to discuss transgender people on university campuses. This study asks how, despite seemingly benefitting transgender people, the discourses carried by the documents that discuss trans people may actually undermine the intended goals of policy initiatives. For example, a report on the status of transgender people may use language depicting them as vulnerable or as disabled , even as it strives to make the university more welcoming to trans individuals. Understanding how language has been used to describe transgender people on university campuses may help institutions reflect on how to reframe equity work to become more inclusive of trans people.
Empirically Exploring Higher Education Cultures of Assessment
Authors: Fuller Matthew B. , Skidmore Susan T. , Bustamante Rebecca M. , Holzweiss Peggy C.
Published: March 2016

Although touted as beneficial to student learning, cultures of assessment have not been examined adequately using validated instruments. Using data collected from a stratified, random sample (N = 370) of U.S. institutional research and assessment directors, the models tested in this study provide empirical support for the value of using the Administrators’ Survey of Assessment Cultures as an assessment tool. The resulting first order model provided good fit statistics and included five factors: a) Faculty Perceptions, b) Use of Data, c) Sharing, d) Compliance or Fear Motivators, and e) Normative Purposes for Assessment. Internal consistency estimates were also good (Cronbach’s α = .792 to .922). Use of the Schmid-Leiman solution afforded further support for the higher order factor, Culture of Assessment. Predictive discriminant analysis correctly classified the majority of the respondents (80.7%) as belonging to a student learning or accreditation group based on the linear classification scores. Implications for assessment leadership, practice, and future research are offered.
Mining Cultures and Mary Cults: Where the Sacred and Profane Meet
Authors: Munday Pat
Published: March 2016

Our Lady of the Rockies (OLR) is a ninety-foot-tall statue of the Virgin Mary overlooking Butte, Montana, from its perch high atop the Continental Divide. In the popularized account, OLR is a uniquely local undertaking reflecting the community’s character and pride. Yet OLR is far more than this, for it taps into a rich vein of cultural and spiritual tradition. As Mircea Eliade pointed out, the notion of the earth as female pervaded early Western civilizations. Mines were like the vagina of the earth, leading to the womb where metallic ores waxed like embryos. Accordingly, miners purified themselves through various rites to amend their violation. OLR began as a plan for a small, private altar. With the collapse of Butte’s copper mining economy, unemployed miners rallied around the idea of building a major shrine to the Virgin Mary that would help restore the city’s culture and economy.
Masculinity and Material Culture in Technological Transitions: From Letterpress to Offset Lithography, 1960s–1980s
Authors: Stein Jesse Adams
Published: March 2016

Between the 1960s and the 1980s the printing industry in advanced capitalist economies underwent dramatic technological change. While the transition from “hot metal” compositing to computerized typesetting has been extensively analyzed, there was another transformation occurring simultaneously: in the pressroom, letterpress was gradually replaced by offset lithography. Many letterpress machinists retrained, moving from a heavy, manual technology (with an entrenched patriarchal culture) to a method that was faster and less physically taxing. However, unlike their compositor counterparts, the press-machinists’ transition involved a continuity of traditional masculine craft identities rather than a rupture associated with “deskilling.” Intrinsic to this experience of technological change was a masculine embodiment that was attuned to and shaped by the materiality and aesthetics of printing technologies. This article establishes how masculine craft identities do not rely exclusively on skill-based mastery of traditional technologies, but also relate to other dimensions of technology, such as aesthetics, embodied “know-how,” and the physicality of industrial machinery.
“When Does It Stop Being Peanut Butter?”: FDA Food Standards of Identity, Ruth Desmond, and the Shifting Politics of Consumer Activism, 1960s–1970s
Authors: Boyce Angie M.
Published: March 2016

This article uses a historical controversy over the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s standard of identity for peanut butter as a site for investigating three topics of high importance for historians of technology, consumption, and food activism: how new industrial food-processing technologies have become regulatory problems; how government, industry, and consumer actors negotiate standards development; and how laypeople try to shape technological artifacts in spaces dominated by experts. It examines the trajectory of consumer activist Ruth Desmond, co-founder of the organization the Federation of Homemakers. By following Desmond’s evolving strategies, the article shows how the broader currents of the 1960s–70s consumer movement played out in a particular case. Initially Desmond used a traditional style that heavily emphasized her gendered identity, working within a grassroots organization to promote legislative and regulatory reforms. Later, she moved to a more modern advocacy approach, using adversarial legal methods to fight for consumer protections.
Engineers Attack the “No. One Killer” in Coal Mining: The Bureau of Mines and the Promotion of Roof Bolting, 1947–1969
Authors: Aldrich Mark
Published: March 2016

In 1948 roof falls were the number one killer of coal miners in America. While the Bureau of Mines had been formed in 1910 to improve coalmine safety, it had largely focused on explosions, for which technological solutions appeared to exist. Roof falls, by contrast, were not amenable to a technical fix. Beginning in 1948, however, the Bureau discovered roof bolting, which it promoted as a safer technology that might yield dramatic benefits. The new approach spread rapidly, yet fatality rates from roof falls failed to decline for nearly two decades. This lag reflected the need for organizational learning, while companies also traded safety for productivity. Finally, only larger mines employed bolting and its impact was masked by a growth in the employment share of small companies. After 1965, as the expansion of small mines ended and organizational learning continued, fatality rates began a long decline.