bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale teleconnection analysis of monthly total and extreme precipitations in the Yangtze River Basin using ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Tao Lizhi , He Xinguang , Qin Jianxin
Published: April 2020

The multiscale analysis of precipitation teleconnections with climate indices is of great significance to better understand the regional response of the precipitation variability under the different time scales to global climate change. In this study, the inherent cycles of monthly total and extreme precipitations during 1965–2016 in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) and the climate indices influencing their periodic oscillations and long‐term trends are investigated by the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition, lag correlation analysis and stepwise variable selection. Results show that the total and extreme precipitations have experienced increasing long‐term trends in the western region of the upper reach of YRB (U‐YRB) and most parts of the middle and lower reaches of YRB (ML‐YRB), and decreasing trends in the middle region of U‐YRB. The identified climate indices significantly affecting total and extreme precipitations are almost identical in the U‐YRB and ML‐YRB. The sea surface temperature anomalies over East China Sea (ECS), South China Sea (SCS), Kuroshio (KC) and Bay of Bengal (BB) with specific time lags, solar flux with 12‐month lag, and the simultaneous global average temperature anomalies (GT) and trans‐Niño index have strong linkages with precipitation components under the particular time scales in the YRB. Specifically, the ECS, SCS, KC and BB with specific time lags are identified as effective indicators of periodic oscillations of total and extreme precipitations, while the simultaneous GT is powerful for capturing their long‐term trends. The identified climate indices are further demonstrated to provide significant predictive information for total and extreme precipitations and their periodic oscillations. Moreover, their forecast ability is higher in the U‐YRB than in the ML‐YRB, which detects a strong correlation with the randomness of precipitation. Additionally, monthly total precipitation and its periodic oscillations can be predicted better than extreme precipitation and its periodic oscillations by the identified climate indices.
Superior mechanical recovery in male and female MRL/MpJ tendons is associated with a unique genetic profile
Authors: George Nisha S. , Bell Rebecca , Paredes J. J. , Taub Peter J. , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly
Published: April 2020

Tendon ruptures heal by forming a mechanically inferior scar. We have shown that male Murphy Roths large (MRL/MpJ) mice exhibit improved tendon healing, suggesting that they can inform biological mechanisms that lead to effective tendon healing. As sex impacts healing, we assessed the effect of sex on tendon healing in MRL/MpJ and normal healer C57BL/6 (B6) mice and compared the associated biological environment with identify genes that may be integral to the improved healing outcome. We hypothesized that (a) male MRL/MpJ mice will heal with improved mechanical properties compared to females; and (b) that regenerative tendon healing will be associated with decreased fibrotic pathways, decreased inflammation, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A midsubstance punch was introduced, and tendons were harvested after (a) 1 or 7 days for profiling of 84 genes; (b) 7 or 14 days for the assessment of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity; and (c) 6 weeks for mechanical assessment. MRL/MpJ tendons healed with the better restoration of mechanical properties than B6 tendons. Sex did not affect the mechanical properties of healing B6 or MRL/MpJ tendons. Comparison of the gene expression profiles in the context of the mechanical outcome revealed several differences between MRL/MpJ and B6 tendon healing, including, lower inflammation, an earlier higher expression of TGF‐β‐related genes that diminish by 7 days, and genes associated with enhanced cell migration in MRL/MpJ in comparison to B6 tendons. We expect that the timecourse and expression levels of these genes in scarless MRL/MpJ tendon healing represent the balanced environment that leads to improved tendon healing.
Rock magnetics of carbonate systems–investigating palaeodune archives on Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)
Authors: Schneider Florian , Roettig Christopher‐Bastian , Wolf Daniel , Baumgart Philipp , Hambach Ulrich , Faust Dominik
Published: April 2020

The mineral magnetic properties of Pleistocene aeolian dune sands from the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain) were studied in order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution of Pleistocene climates during their formation. The palaeodunes on Fuerteventura mainly consist of carbonate sands admixed with dust and material of volcanic origin. Due to the low magnetic background caused by the diamagnetic character of carbonate sands, these archives offer a lot of potential for environmental magnetic studies to detect the imprint of dust, volcanic material and paedogenesis. Four sections of alternating palaeosurface–aeolianite sequences in palaeodune fields have been analysed by means of extensive rock magnetic measurements. These Quaternary archives consist of deposits originating from different sources. I. material blown from the shallow shelf, II. material of volcanic origin, and III. long‐range transported dust. The rock magnetic findings enable a more detailed interpretation of the palaeosurfaces within the sequences. We are able to differentiate semiquantitatively between the different source materials on one hand and to distinguish on the other hand those from soil‐forming processes. Soil formation is only weakly developed in the dust imprints in the palaeosol aeolianite sequences, linked to sparse vegetation cover during the Pleistocene on Fuerteventura.
Visualizing the evolution of evidence: Cumulative network meta‐analyses of new generation antidepressants in the last 40 years
Authors: Luo Yan , Chaimani Anna , Furukawa Toshi A. , Kataoka Yuki , Ogawa Yusuke , Cipriani Andrea , Salanti Georgia
Published: April 2020

It is often challenging to present the available evidence in a timely and comprehensible manner. We aimed to visualize the evolution of evidence about antidepressants for depression by conducting cumulative network meta‐analyses (NMAs) and to examine whether it could have helped the selection of optimal drugs. We built a Shiny web application that performs and presents cumulative NMAs based on R netmeta. We used a comprehensive dataset of double‐blind randomized controlled trials of 21 antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression. The primary outcomes were efficacy (treatment response) and acceptability (all‐cause discontinuation), and treatment effects were summarized via odds ratios. We evaluated the confidence in evidence using the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis) framework for a series of consecutive NMAs. Users can change several conditions for the analysis, such as the period of synthesis, among the others. We present the league tables and two‐dimensional plots that combine efficacy, acceptability and level of confidence in the evidence together, for NMAs conducted in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016. They reveal that through the past four decades, newly approved drugs often showed initially exaggerated results, which tended to diminish and stabilize after approximately a decade. Over the years, the drugs with relative superiority changed dramatically; but as the evidence network grew larger and better connected, the overall confidence improved. The Shiny app visualizes how evidence evolved over years, emphasizing the need for a careful interpretation of relative effects between drugs, especially for the potentially amplified performance of newly approved drugs.

Highlights

Network meta‐analysis is considered to be a proper way of demonstrating the available evidence, since it allows comparisons between multiple interventions, and has been proved to be statistically powerful.

It is challenging to present the voluminous results of NMA in an efficient and comprehendible manner.

Evidence evolution based on the relatively new method NMA has not been investigated yet.

The results of NMA should not only include the effects but also the confidence in the evidence, which can help interpret the findings appropriately.

Effective use of rapidly developing statistical analysis and presentation tools such as Shiny package in R, may facilitate and simplify the visualization of NMA output.

We should stay conservative towards new drugs, as their performance was often shown to be exaggerated initially, and it took time to become stable.
Three‐Channel Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Meta‐Holography and Meta‐Nanoprinting: A Single‐Cell Design Approach
Authors: Li Zile , Chen Chen , Guan Zhiqiang , Tao Jin , Chang Sheng , Dai Qi , Xiao Ying , Cui Yuan , Wang Yiqun , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing , Zhang Shuang
Published: April 2020

By virtue of the extraordinary capability of manipulating the polarization state, amplitude and phase of electromagnetic fields, metasurfaces can be employed to display holographic or nanoprinting images with unprecedented spatial resolution. Bringing holography and nanoprinting together is an effective way toward information multiplexing. However, current approaches mostly utilize interleaving or stacking nanostructures with different functionalities to construct multiplexed metasurfaces, hence they are equivalent to a combination of several metasurfaces and the information capacity of each metasurface remains unchanged. Here, by combining intensity modulation governed by Malus's law with phase manipulation based on both geometric and propagation phases, a single‐cell‐designed metasurface for three‐channel image displays is proposed. The new design strategy can significantly improve the information capacity since the extra phase modulation originates from the orientation degeneracy and dimension variation of nanostructures rather than multilayer or interleaving design. Specifically, a three‐channel metasurface is experimentally demonstrated, which can simultaneously record a continuous grayscale nanoprinting image in the near field and project two independent holographic images in the far field. With the advantages of crosstalk‐free and ultracompactness, the proposed three‐channel metasurfaces can empower the design of multifunctional nano‐optical elements for applications in image displays, optical anticounterfeiting, optical storage and many other related fields.
Self‐Assembled PMMA Porous Membranes Decorated with In Situ Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles with UV‐Tunable Wettability
Authors: Degli Esposti Micaela , Fabbri Paola , Morselli Davide
Published: April 2020

This study reports a simple approach to fabricate porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) membranes homogeneously decorated with exposed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). This fabrication method significantly overcomes the disadvantages of both conventional foaming processes and incorporation of inorganic NPs in polymeric matrices. In particular, the porous structure is simply self‐assembled by slowly evaporating a suitable solvent. The ZnO NPs are in situ formed by a thermally activated conversion of the zinc acetate precursor, previously embedded in the polymeric matrix. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations show the formation of the desired self‐assembled highly porous structure and ZnO NPs with branched morphology, respectively. The wetting behavior of the membranes surface is studied as a function of the ZnO content and UV irradiation, exploiting the switchable wettability of ZnO. The obtained unexpected results are then tentatively rationalized taking into account the surface chemistry and the roughness that arises from both porous structure and the different NPs dimensions and content.
Supramolecular Hyperbranched Poly(amino ester)s with Homogeneous Electron Delocalization for Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence
Authors: Bai Lihua , Yan Hongxia , Wang Lianlian , Bai Tian , Yuan Luyao , Zhao Yan , Feng Weixu
Published: April 2020

Nonconventional luminogens without conjugated chromophores have attracted much interest for their intriguing fluorescence and potential wide applications. Their emission mechanism, however, remains an open question. Herein, hyperbranched poly(amino ester) (HPAE) with novel structure is synthesized through a simple one‐pot polycondensation reaction. The HPAE exhibits strong fluorescence and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the fluorescence is attributed from electron delocalization in the supramolecular self‐assemblies of HPAE. Meanwhile, supramolecular self‐assemblies, induced by the synergy effect of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bond and amphipathicity of HPAE, rigidify the molecule conformation, leading to enhanced fluorescence. Furthermore, the HPAE exhibits single‐color emission due to its generation of homogeneous electron delocalization. Interestingly, such HPAE shows multi‐stimuli‐responsive fluorescence to solvent, temperature, pH, and Fe3+. Therefore, this work not only provides an important step forward in exploring the emission mechanism of nonconventional luminogens, but also develops a multi‐functional unconjugated AIE probe.
Construction and analysis of some nonstandard finite difference methods for the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation
Authors: Agbavon Koffi M. , Appadu Appanah Rao
Published: April 2020

In this work, we construct four versions of nonstandard finite difference schemes in order to solve the FitzHugh–Nagumo equation with specified initial and boundary conditions under three different regimes giving rise to three cases. The properties of the methods such as positivity and boundedness are studied. The numerical experiment chosen is quite challenging due to shock‐like profiles. The performance of the four methods is compared by computing L1, L∞ errors, rate of convergence with respect to time and central processing unit time at given time, T = 0.5. Error estimates have also been studied for the most efficient scheme.
The utility of genome‐wide cell‐free DNA screening in the prenatal diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome
Authors: Chau Matthew Hoi Kin , Lam Doris Yuk Man , Zhu Xiaofan , Kwok Yvonne Ka Yin , Ting Yuen Ha , Chan Wan Pang , Shi Mengmeng , Cheung Sunny Wai Hung , Lau Tze Kin , Ville Yves , Leung Tak Yeung , Choy Kwong Wai
Published: April 2020

Objective

To report genome‐wide cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening facilitating the diagnosis of Pallister‐Killian syndrome (PKS).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of positive genome‐wide cfDNA screening results showing increased signal from chromosome 12 and the detection of PKS. The genome‐wide cfDNA screening results and the subsequent investigations were reviewed.

Results

Three singleton pregnancies (3/29007) from 2016 to 2017 yielded positive results indicating large gains on the entire p‐arm of chromosome 12. In two cases, multiple structural abnormalities were detected by prenatal ultrasound and the couples opted for termination of pregnancy. Chromosomal microarray performed on fetal skin tissues of the two abortuses detected mosaic tetrasomy 12p, consistent with PKS. In the third case, karyotype and chromosomal microarray performed on an amniotic fluid sample also showed mosaic tetrasomy 12p. In each of the three cases, genome‐wide cfDNA screening revealed a large gain on chromosome 12p; subsequent prenatal or postnatal diagnostic testing confirmed the diagnosis of PKS.

Conclusion

We report the ability of genome‐wide cfDNA screening to provide early suspicion and facilitate the subsequent genetic diagnosis of PKS. As genome‐wide cfDNA screening becomes increasingly available, incidental diagnosis of partial aneuploidies is expected to increase.
Theoretical investigation of an acid catalyst for viable release of H2 from BN nanotubes: A local pair natural orbital coupled cluster approach
Authors: Roy Lisa
Published: April 2020

Catalytic removal of H2 from boron‐nitride (BN)‐based nanomaterials at ambient conditions is of paramount importance in order to develop lightweight hydrogen storage media. Here, the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) technique is used to calculate accurate relative energies and activation barriers of Brønsted acid‐initiated removal of H2 from hydrogenated BN nanotubes (HBNNTs) with six different acids. Three crucial steps are identified in the mechanism: first H2 release, catalyst regeneration via proton transfer, and second H2 release to ensure feasibility of the dehydrogenation proposal. Our computational studies reveal that sulfonic acids with appropriate electrophilicity can facilitate dehydrogenation of HBNNT at a low free energetic cost (∆G‡ = 17 kcal/mol). Importantly, these findings illustrate the possibility of H2 release from BN nanomaterials at ambient conditions and provides hope for a sustainable chemical hydrogen storage strategy.
Seasonal selection of habitat by Spotted Bass and Shorthead Redhorse in a regulated river in the Midwest, USA
Authors: Edge Elisa N. , Paukert Craig P. , Lobb M. Delbert , Landwer Brett H. P. , Bonnot Thomas W.
Published: April 2020

Riverine fish populations depend on habitats supporting their resource and life history needs. Dynamic streamflow caused by river regulation or natural events influences the distribution of downstream habitat characteristics. Through studying habitat selection, we can identify the most utilized and valuable habitats for the success of native fishes. We determined seasonal habitat selection of two common, native fish species on the Osage River downstream of Bagnell Dam, a hydroelectric dam in central Missouri, from April 2016 to June 2017 using radio telemetry. Spotted Bass (Micropterus punctulatus) are nest‐guarders, sight feeders, and habitat generalists, whereas Shorthead Redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) are fluvial dependent, migratory, and benthic feeders. Bayesian discrete choice analyses determined that both species selected particular water depth, velocity, and presence of submerged cover in some or all seasons, even as available habitat changed. Spotted Bass selected water depths <4.0 m near submerged cover during all seasons, low velocity during spring and summer, and near‐bank habitat in all seasons except spring. Shorthead Redhorse used fast flowing habitat during spring, 0.4–1.1 m/s velocity during summer, and low velocity in fall and winter (0.1–0.5 m/s). Shorthead Redhorse used submerged cover in all seasons except summer and selected specific ranges of depth within spring (2.4–4.4 m), summer (3.3–6.7 m), and winter (1.1–2.3 m). Our findings suggest that maintaining habitats with cover and diverse water depths and velocities, particularly both low and high velocity habitats during spring, may promote resilience by providing beneficial habitats for native fishes.
Intracellular Labeling with Extrinsic Probes: Delivery Strategies and Applications
Authors: Liu Jing , Fraire Juan C. , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Xiong Ranhua , Braeckmans Kevin
Published: April 2020

Extrinsic probes have outstanding properties for intracellular labeling to visualize dynamic processes in and of living cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Since extrinsic probes are in many cases cell‐impermeable, different biochemical, and physical approaches have been used to break the cell membrane barrier for direct delivery into the cytoplasm. In this Review, these intracellular delivery strategies are discussed, briefly explaining the mechanisms and how they are used for live‐cell labeling applications. Methods that are discussed include three biochemical agents that are used for this purpose—purpose‐different nanocarriers, cell penetrating peptides and the pore‐foraming bacterial toxin streptolysin O. Most successful intracellular label delivery methods are, however, based on physical principles to permeabilize the membrane and include electroporation, laser‐induced photoporation, micro‐ and nanoinjection, nanoneedles or nanostraws, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed with a systematic comparison provided. Finally, the extrinsic probes that are reported for intracellular labeling so‐far are summarized, together with the delivery strategies that are used and their performance. This combined information should provide for a useful guide for choosing the most suitable delivery method for the desired probes.
Mesenchymal stromal cells induce regulatory T cells via epigenetic conversion of human conventional CD4 T cells in vitro
Authors: Azevedo Rita I. , Minskaia Ekaterina , Fernandes-Platzgummer Ana , Vieira Ana I. S. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Lacerda João F.
Published: April 2020

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in immune tolerance. The scarcity of Treg therapy clinical trials in humans has been largely due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient Treg numbers. We performed a preclinical investigation on the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to expand Treg in vitro to support future clinical trials. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were cocultured with allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded under xenogeneic-free conditions. Our data show an increase in the counts and frequency of CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ CD127low Treg cells (4- and 6-fold, respectively) after a 14-day coculture. However, natural Treg do not proliferate in coculture with MSCs. When purified conventional CD4 T cells (Tcon) are cocultured with MSCs, only cells that acquire a Treg-like phenotype proliferate. These MSC-induced Treg-like cells also resemble Treg functionally, since they suppress autologous Tcon proliferation. Importantly, the DNA methylation profile of MSC-induced Treg-like cells more closely resembles that of natural Treg than of Tcon, indicating that this population is stable. The expression of PD-1 is higher in Treg-like cells than in Tcon, whereas the frequency of PDL-1 increases in MSCs after coculture. TGF-β levels are also significantly increased MSC cocultures. Overall, our data suggest that Treg enrichment by MSCs results from Tcon conversion into Treg-like cells, rather than to expansion of natural Treg, possibly through mechanisms involving TGF-β and/or PD-1/PDL-1 expression. This MSC-induced Treg population closely resembles natural Treg in terms of phenotype, suppressive ability, and methylation profile.
Identifying and calling out ‘rogue doctors’
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: April 2020

In this editorial, Roger Kirby, Editor‐in‐Chief on Trends in Urology and Men's Health, discusses the impact to the medical profession from the growing list of infamous clinicians whose misdeeds have entered public consciousness.
Coronavirus: reducing the impact of quarantine
Authors: Acton Michele , Bayntun Claire , Kirby Roger , Wessely Simon
Published: April 2020

On the 26th February 2020, a meeting was held at the Royal Society of Medicine between key advisers in UK healthcare and law enforcement to discuss quarantine measures in response to the current COVID‐19 outbreak. This article is a brief summary of the comments and questions raised at the meeting.
A Review of Pangenome Tools and Recent Studies
Authors: Vernikos G. S.
Published: April 2020

With the advance of sequencing technologies, the landscape of genomic analysis has been transformed, by moving from single strain to species (or even higher taxa)-wide genomic resolution, toward the direction of capturing the “totality” of life diversity; from this scientific advance and curiosity, the concept of “pangenome” was born. Herein we will review, from practical and technical implementation, existing projects of pangenome analysis, with the aim of providing the reader with a snapshot of useful tools should they need to embark on such a pangenomic journey.
Structure and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations: Pangenome Ecology
Authors: Azarian Taj , Huang I-Ting , Hanage William P.
Published: April 2020

Prokaryotes demonstrate tremendous variation in gene content, even within individual bacterial clones or lineages. This diversity is made possible by the ability of bacteria to horizontally transfer DNA through a variety of mechanisms, and the extent of such transfer sets them apart from eukaryotes. What has become evident through interrogation of thousands of bacterial genomes is that gene variation is directly related to the ecology of the organism and is driven by continual processes of niche exploration, diversification, and adaptation. Of course, the acquisition of new genes is not necessarily beneficial, resulting in either the removal of that individual through purifying selection or the occurrence of compensatory mutations in the genomic “backbone” (i.e., core genes) that become epistatically linked to the presence accessory genes. There are now numerous examples of relationship between gene variation and niche adaptation. We explore some of those examples here as well as the population genomic footprint left by the dynamics of gene flow, diversification, and adaptation.
Genus-2 holographic correlator on AdS5 × S5 from localization
Authors: Chester Shai M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We consider the four-point function of the stress tensor multiplet superprimary in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) with gauge group SU(N ) in the large N and large ’t Hooft coupling

$$ \lambda \equiv {g}_{\mathrm{YM}}^2N $$

λ
≡

g
YM
2

N

limit, which is holographically dual to the genus expansion of IIB string theory on AdS5
× S
5. In [1] it was shown that the integral of this correlator is related to derivatives of the mass deformed

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2
∗
sphere free energy, which was computed using supersymmetric localization to leading order in 1/N
2 for finite λ. We generalize this computation to any order in 1/N
2 for finite λ using topological recursion, and use this any order constraint to fix the R
4 correction to the holographic correlator to any order in the genus expansion. We also use it to complete the derivation of the 1-loop supergravity correction, and show that analyticity in spin fails at zero spin in the large N expansion as predicted from the Lorentzian inversion formula. In the flat space limit, the R
4 term in the holographic correlator matches that of the IIB S-matrix in 10d, which is a precise check of AdS5/CFT4 for local operators at genus-one. Using the flat space limit and localization we then fix D
4
R
4 in the holographic correlator to any order in the genus expansion, which is nontrivial at genus-two, i.e. 1/N
6. This is the first result at two orders beyond the planar limit at strong coupling for a holographic correlator.
Hunting for fermionic instabilities in charged AdS black holes
Authors: Dias Oscar J.C. , Masachs Ramon , Papadoulaki Olga , Rodgers Paul
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Fermions scattering on a black hole background cannot develop an instability sourced by superradiance. However, in a global (or planar) AdS4-Reissner-Nordström background fermions can violate the AdS2 fermionic mass stability bound as measured by a near horizon observer at zero temperature. This suggests that AdS-Reissner-Nordström black holes might still be unstable to Dirac perturbations. Motivated by this observation we search for linear mode instabilities of Dirac fields in these backgrounds but find none. This is in contrast with the scalar field case, where a violation of the near-horizon Breitenlöhner-Freedman stability bound in the AdS-Reissner-Nordström background triggers the already known scalar condensation near-horizon linear instability (in the planar limit this is Gubser’s instability that initiated the holographic superconductor programme). We consider both the standard and alternative AdS/CFT quantizations (that preserve the conformal invariance of AdS). These are reflective boundary conditions that have vanishing energy flux at the asymptotic boundary.
Stillen und Stillberatung
Authors: Karall D. , Nindl G. , Zittera I. , Bier A. , von der Ohe G. , Guóth-Gumberger M. , Scholl-Bürgi S.
Published: April 2020

Muttermilch (Stillen) stellt die Norm der Säuglingsernährung dar. Stillen ist die Standardernährungsform für den ersten Lebensabschnitt eines Menschen. In der Folge wird bei der Einführung von Beikost aus ausschließlichem Stillen weiterbegleitendes Stillen – bis zum vollständigen Übergang zur Familienkost. Die Zusammensetzung der Muttermilch und die hormonelle Steuerung der Milchbildung sind optimal auf das Kind abgestimmt. Stillen ist jedoch kein instinktives, sondern ein sozial erlerntes Verhalten und bedarf von Anbeginn an begleitender Information und Beratung der Mutter und der Familien. Medizinisches Fachpersonal wird als kompetent in Ernährungsfragen erachtet und sollte daher über ausreichende wissenschaftlich fundierte Kenntnis bezüglich der physiologischen Vorgänge im Zusammenhang mit Stillen sowie der Kurz- und Langzeitauswirkungen von Stillen auf die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind verfügen. Ebenso sollten die Risiken von Formulaernährung (Säuglingsfertignahrung auf Kuhmilchbasis) für die Entwicklung und verschiedene Erkrankungen bekannt sein.
Birational geometry of symplectic quotient singularities
Authors: Bellamy Gwyn , Craw Alastair
Published: April 2020

For a finite subgroup $$\Gamma \subset \mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {C})$$

Γ
⊂
SL
(
2
,
C
)

and for $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, we use variation of GIT quotient for Nakajima quiver varieties to study the birational geometry of the Hilbert scheme of n points on the minimal resolution S of the Kleinian singularity $$\mathbb {C}^2/\Gamma $$

C

2

/
Γ

. It is well known that $$X:={{\,\mathrm{{\mathrm {Hilb}}}\,}}^{[n]}(S)$$

X
:
=

Hilb

[
n
]

(
S
)

is a projective, crepant resolution of the symplectic singularity $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

, where $$\Gamma _n=\Gamma \wr \mathfrak {S}_n$$

Γ
n

=
Γ
≀

S
n

is the wreath product. We prove that every projective, crepant resolution of $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

can be realised as the fine moduli space of $$\theta $$
θ
-stable $$\Pi $$
Π
-modules for a fixed dimension vector, where $$\Pi $$
Π
is the framed preprojective algebra of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
and $$\theta $$
θ
is a choice of generic stability condition. Our approach uses the linearisation map from GIT to relate wall crossing in the space of $$\theta $$
θ
-stability conditions to birational transformations of X over $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

. As a corollary, we describe completely the ample and movable cones of X over $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

, and show that the Mori chamber decomposition of the movable cone is determined by an extended Catalan hyperplane arrangement of the ADE root system associated to $$\Gamma $$
Γ
by the McKay correspondence. In the appendix, we show that morphisms of quiver varieties induced by variation of GIT quotient are semismall, generalising a result of Nakajima in the case where the quiver variety is smooth.
See (n)One, Do (n)One, Teach (n)One: Reality of Surgical Resident Training in Germany
Authors: Huber T. , Richardsen I. , Klinger C. , Mille M. , Roeth A. A. ,   the AsTerOiD‐Study Group, Dörner Johannes , Drewes Sebastian , Fabig Stefan , Gaedcke Jochen , Günter Patricia J. , Jauch Dominik , Koch Franziska , Lenzen Jana , Obst Marianne , Orthaus Ulrike , Schacke Vivien , von Schassen Christian , Scheurer Laura , Schmitz Sophia , Scholtes Ben , Schreier Johanna , Sommer Nils P. , Uhlmann Dirk , Wobith Maria , Zaczek Michael
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Due to technological changes, working time restrictions and the creation of specialized centers, surgical training has changed. A competence‐based learning technique of surgical skills is the sub‐step practice approach, which has been proven important in nationwide opinion surveys. The aim of this prospective multi‐center trial was to determine the status quo of the sub‐step concept in Germany.

Methods

Over 6 months, the voluntarily participating centers evaluated the following index procedures: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHE), laparoscopic and open sigmoid resection, minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair, thyroid resection and pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). Patients with private insurance were excluded. The detailed sub‐steps were documented as well as the reason why these were not performed. In addition, an online survey regarding the sub‐step concept was performed before and after the study.

Results

In total, 21 centers included 2969 surgical procedures in 2018 for final analyses. While 24.4% of the procedures were performed by residents, sub‐steps were performed in 22.2%. LCHE was most often performed completely by residents (43.3%), and PPPD revealed the highest rate of performed sub‐steps (43.3%). Reasons for not assisting sub‐steps to residents were often organizational and other reasons. After an initial increase, the number of performed sub‐steps decreased significantly during the second half of the survey. The opinion survey revealed a high importance of the sub‐step concept. The number of resident procedures was overestimated, and the number of performed sub‐steps was underestimated. After the study, these estimations were more realistic.

Conclusion

Even though the sub‐step practice concept is considered highly important for surgical education, it needs to be put into practice more consequently. The current data suggest a low participation of surgical residents in the operating room, although the participating hospitals are most likely highly interested in surgical education, hence their voluntary participation. Conceptual changes and a control of surgical education are needed.
Characterizing mesoscale variability in low-level jet simulations for CBLAST-LOW 2001 campaign
Authors: Tay Ken , Koh Tieh-Yong , Skote Martin
Published: April 2020

A low-level jet (LLJ) event observed during a frontal passage in the 2001 Coupled Boundary Layers and Air–Sea Transfer Experiment in Low Winds campaign was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The sensitivity of the modeled LLJ characteristics, such as formation time, height and the strength of the LLJ core, to the choice of initial and boundary conditions, planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes and vertical resolution was evaluated with a suite of diagnostic tools. The model simulations were compared against available soundings from the campaign observations as well as with surface observations from the Automated Surface Observing Systems. The simulation initialized with ERA-interim reanalysis and using the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino PBL scheme gave the best mix of diagnostic scores for surface temperature and wind speed predictions. The choice of boundary conditions introduced a stronger variability in the LLJ characteristics than the changes in PBL schemes or vertical resolution. The variability emerged primarily due to the timing of the frontal passage in the boundary condition datasets.
Modelling multi-criticality vehicular software systems: evolution of an industrial component model
Authors: Bucaioni Alessio , Mubeen Saad , Ciccozzi Federico , Cicchetti Antonio , Sjödin Mikael
Published: April 2020

Software in modern vehicles consists of multi-criticality functions, where a function can be safety-critical with stringent real-time requirements, less critical from the vehicle operation perspective, but still with real-time requirements, or not critical at all. Next-generation autonomous vehicles will require higher computational power to run multi-criticality functions and such a power can only be provided by parallel computing platforms such as multi-core architectures. However, current model-based software development solutions and related modelling languages have not been designed to effectively deal with challenges specific of multi-core, such as core-interdependency and controlled allocation of software to hardware. In this paper, we report on the evolution of the Rubus Component Model for the modelling, analysis, and development of vehicular software systems with multi-criticality for deployment on multi-core platforms. Our goal is to provide a lightweight and technology-preserving transition from model-based software development for single-core to multi-core. This is achieved by evolving the Rubus Component Model to capture explicit concepts for multi-core and parallel hardware and for expressing variable criticality of software functions. The paper illustrates these contributions through an industrial application in the vehicular domain.
The Promise of the World: Towards a Transcendental History of Trust
Authors: Fazakas István , Gozé Tudi
Published: April 2020

This paper aims at a phenomenological analysis of trust. We argue that trust has a transcendental dimension in that it functions as a condition of possibility of the basic ego-world relation. Tacit for the most part in ordinary experience, it comes forth in its problematicity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. People experiencing psychic disturbances lose trust in the continuity and the mineness of lived experience and conceive the world as uninhabitable. In order to address the transcendental problem of trust, we first carry out a static analysis of trust as perceptual faith and we show that it is founded in the functioning of a transcendental ground. In a second step, we proceed with a genetic analysis drawing on Husserl’s manuscripts on the awakening of the self, on early childhood, and Richir’s recent phenomenological readings of D. W. Winnicott. We situate the archaic experience of trust in an originarily intersubjective and affective dimension, where the parental environment functions as a transcendental matrix for the early development of a yet inchoative self. By doing so, we aim to sketch out the major lines of a transcendental history of trust in the early stages of human experience.
Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of UTAUT2
Authors: Tamilmani Kuttimani , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: April 2020

Despite being regarded as the most comprehensive theory in understanding individual technology adoption – UTAUT2 theory with growing number of citations and impetus beyond IS domain face strong criticism on usage of the model in its entirety. This study located UTAUT2 based empirical studies in the Scopus and Web of Science bibliographic database through citied reference search in order to evaluate appropriate usage of UTAUT2 constructs. The meta-analysis results spanning across 60 studies with more than 122,000 cumulative observations found BI➔UB as the strongest path with all significant values. PE➔BI emerged as the most utilized path with most significant values underscoring the emphasis placed by consumers on utilitarian value. Meanwhile, with most non-significant path values the future usage of EE➔BI path is been cautioned and questioned. Finally, trust, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, attitude, and self-efficacy were found as the five topmost UTAUT2 extensions.
Withholding-tax non-compliance: the case of cum-ex stock-market transactions
Authors: Buettner Thiess , Holzmann Carolin , Kreidl Felix , Scholz Hendrik
Published: April 2020

This paper explores withholding-tax non-compliance in the context of dividend taxation. It focuses on a specific type of stock-market transactions around ex-dividend dates, so-called “cum-ex” trades, which caused considerable revenue losses due to illegitimate tax refunds in Germany and other countries. We use a stylized model of the stock-market equilibrium to analyze the incentives of traders on the German stock market and find that cum-ex trades are only profitable for both buyer and seller in the presence of collusive tax fraud. Our empirical analysis of market data for publicly traded German stocks from 2009 to 2015 confirms that transaction numbers of stocks suitable for cum-ex trades show the expected increase shortly before ex-dividend dates in the period before the tax refunding was reformed. In line with the collusion hypothesis, effects on stock-market prices are not found.
“The Real Thing I Struggle with is Other People’s Perceptions”: The Experiences of Autistic Performing Arts Professionals and Attitudes of Performing Arts Employers in the UK
Authors: Buckley Eleanor , Pellicano Elizabeth , Remington Anna
Published: April 2020

This research examined in-depth the employment experiences of autistic performing arts professionals and the attitudes and adjustments of performing arts employers. We interviewed 18 autistic performing arts professionals and 19 performing arts employers. Autistic performing arts professionals described facing challenges in the workplace. Some autistic professionals had access to support, but the majority felt that there was not enough available and highlighted many ways in which they could be better supported. Performing arts employers varied in their experiences of working with autistic people, many had limited knowledge about autism-specific support or relied on other professionals to provide it. These findings shed light on current unmet support needs of autistic performing arts professionals, and provide key recommendations for research and practice.
A third-order nonlinear optical single crystal of 3,4-dimethoxy-substituted chalcone derivative with high laser damage threshold value: a potential material for optical power limiting
Authors: Parol Vinay , Prabhu A. N. , Taher Md Abu , Naraharisetty Sri Ram G. , Lokanath N. K. , Upadhyaya V.
Published: April 2020

Third-order nonlinear optical material 4-[(1E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]phenyl 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonate (DMPMS) is crystallized by slow solvent evaporation technique. The crystal has inversion symmetry and belongs to monoclinic system with $${P2}_{1}/c$$

P
2

1

/
c

space group. The C–H⋯O/C–H⋯π intermolecular interactions will be large complementarity for molecular density/crystal packing. A comprehensive investigation for absorbance and emission properties has been performed. Thermal stability is up to 258 °C without any weight loss and calculated value of laser damage threshold is ≈ 12 GW/cm2. The DMPMS shows low dielectric constant value, about 4.42 at 1 MHz and electronic polarizability values in the order of $${10}^{-23}$$

10

-
23

cm3. Furthermore, theoretical calculation has been performed using B3LYP and M06-2X functional. The static first-order hyperpolarizability parameter is 55 (B3LYP) and 34 (M06-2X) times that of urea. The total contribution of second-order hyperpolarizability is − 37.9 $$\times {10}^{-40 }\mathrm{esu}$$

×

10

-
40

esu

(in B3LYP functional) and − 25.77 $$\times {10}^{-40 }\mathrm{esu}$$

×

10

-
40

esu

(in M06-2X functional), respectively. Here, two-photon absorption mechanism is responsible for nonlinear absorption and co-efficient is found to be $$28.3 \times {10}^{-12}$$

28.3
×

10

-
12

m/W. In optical limiting study, limiting threshold is found to be 65 µJ. The real and imaginary third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is of the order $${10}^{-12} \mathrm{esu}$$

10

-
12

esu

.
I think I made a mistake: How do prospective teachers elicit the thinking of a student who has made a mistake?
Authors: Shaughnessy Meghan , DeFino Rosalie , Pfaff Erin , Blunk Merrie
Published: April 2020

Interactions around unexpected, incorrect, or dis-preferred responses can be powerful sites of learning for both teachers and students. The information that teachers uncover through probing student thinking can then guide their pedagogical response. We report on a study of prospective teachers’ skills and capabilities around a particular problem of practice: eliciting student thinking when a student has an incorrect answer. In this case, if the student’s thinking is sufficiently probed, the student is able to recognize the mistake and revise their work. Focusing on prospective teachers at the beginning of a teacher preparation program, we illustrate how knowledge of this kind of eliciting skill can be gathered through the use of a live teaching simulation. Our findings reveal that these prospective teachers were more fluent with eliciting the student’s process than the student’s conceptual understanding. Further, they focused more on eliciting the revised method and/or solution than asking about why the mistake was made. We consider the findings in terms of the skills brought by prospective teachers that could be built upon in teacher education, skills that need to be learned, and skills that need to be unlearned.
“Through blackening pools of blood”: Trauma and Translation in Robert Graves’s The Anger of Achilles
Authors: McKenzie Laura
Published: April 2020

The Anger of Achilles, Robert Graves’ 1959 translation of Homer’sIliad, has been variously dismissed by classical scholars as an ‘outrageous sortie into the field of translation’ (Aldrich 1961) and a work of ‘sheer egotism’ (Rexine 1962), marred by its author’s ‘scattered yapping’ (Dimmock 1960). And yet, it can be read with greater understanding if we approach it not merely as a literary anomaly, but as a refraction of Graves’ experience of ‘Shell Shock,’ or PTSD, following his front line service during the First World War. This paper proposes that the act of translation can itself be cathartic, creating a formalized textual space in which the translation of traumatic memory into narrative memory becomes viable, and that Graves used Homer’s epic as a tool to access his own occluded, traumatic past. By comparingThe Anger of Achillesto R. Lattimore’s relatively literal translation of theIliad(1951), it will illuminate the ways in which the former is deeply rooted in Graves’s experience of combat, his ensuing neurasthenia, and the personal Myth by which he made sense of both – the matriarchal mythopoetics ofThe White Goddess(1948).
Reprocessing of High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Svensson Sofie , Åkesson Dan , Bohlén Martin
Published: April 2020

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was compounded with 3 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In order to simulate mechanical recycling, both the nanocomposite and neat HDPE were repeatedly extruded and subsequently analysed by tensile tests, Charpy impact strength, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), oxidation induction time (OIT), Gel Performance Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and TEM After 10 cycles of extrusion, thermal, mechanical, and rheological tests did not reveal any significant degradation. In order to better study the effect of the CNTs, a large number of cycles were simulated by processing the materials for up to 200 min. After 200 min of processing, the neat HDPE was significantly degraded whereas the nanocomposite was almost unaffected.