bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Silicone-Epoxy Composites for Dental Restorations
Authors: Ren Liyun , Pandit Vaibhav , Mixon Amanda , James Crivello , Kotha Shiva P.
Published: February 2014

A novel silicone-epoxy oligomer was synthesized and evaluated for its use as the polymer in photopolymerizable dental composites. This synthesized oligomer contained rigid and non-rigid groups with 1-8 epoxy functionalities as characterized using 1H NMR and 29Si NMR and MALDI-TOF analysis. In comparison to the traditional BisGMA/TEGDMA monomer system, the photo-polymerized silicone-epoxy demonstrated significantly improved material properties (148% greater elastic modulus, 12% greater ultimate strength, 48% greater fracture toughness), as well as 61% lower polymerization shrinkage and 58% lower polymerization stresses. Furthermore, the silicone-epoxy system demonstrated enhanced resistance to degradation of its material properties after accelerated (24hr) aging, i.e. exposure to severe hydrolytic (boiling in ethanol at 100 ᵒC), oxidative (exposed to 5% H2O2), and low pH (0.05M acetic acid) stress. Under these conditions, the properties of conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA systems deteriorated by 22-47%, while the properties of the silicone-epoxy composites decreased by 2-10%. Bisphosphonate additives enhanced the precipitation of mineral in a dose-dependent manner, but inhibited polymerization due to interactions with epoxy groups. Bisphosphonate additives also dose-dependently demonstrated anti-bacterial efficacy as demonstrated using live-dead, MTT and crystral violet assays. The silicone-epoxy polymer was demonstrated to be biocompatible when compared to tissue culture plastic. When calcium fluoride was incorporated into this system, fluoride was found to be released quantities significant enough to engender anti-bacterial effects. In summary, the designed multifunctional dental resin exhibits higher stability as demonstrated by lower chemical, mechanical and enzymatic degradation.
Admirable dishonesty in medical practice
Authors: McCabe Matthew S.
Published: February 2014

Historically, the ethics of dishonesty within the physician-patient relationship has been analyzed largely from the Deontological and Consequentialist views. In this essay I offer a new exploration of dishonesty from the recently developed Virtue Ethics of Care perspective. First, I will explain and justify a general prescription for honest conduct within the relationship. Next, I will explore the conditions under which the Virtue Ethics of Care would find acts of dishonesty in medical practice to be admirable. Here, the moral distinction between lying and deception will be discussed. Then, three special contexts in medical practice, paternalistic dishonesty, patient dishonesty, and dishonesty toward third party members influential to the physician-patient decision making process, will be analyzed. I will close with a discussion of the role of trust in the relationship and how it acts to prevent the Virtue Ethics of Care from sliding down the path toward objectionable acts of dishonesty.
Blood, Sweat, and Urine
Authors: Holt Cimminnee
Published: February 2014

Anton Szandor LaVey wrote The Satanic Witch in 1970 as a response to the contemporary discourses of his time: feminism and the occult revival. This essay focuses on LaVey’s treatment of the scent of feminine fluids blood, sweat, and urine—in The Satanic Witch and selected texts in order to demonstrate that LaVey’s emphasis on the importance of bodily secretions is an extension of his carnal-magical worldview; he employs the arcane language and aesthetics of the occult to methods of physiological and psychological manipulation in order to influence others and achieve desired ends. Throughout this article I apply Mary Douglas’ theories in Purity and Danger (2002 [1966]), which address our notions of contagion, dirt, and taboo; feminist rhetoric on 1960s and 1970s feminine hygiene products and their putative cleansing of natural feminine scent; and finally, the use of sexual fluids in esoteric magical practices such as described by Aleister Crowley. This article illustrates that LaVey’s use of feminine fluids for magical efficacy reflects his notion that magic is firmly rooted within one’s own body, and the capacity of one’s own will, while also incorporating and responding to the surrounding discourses of his time.
At the Threshold of the Inverted Womb
Authors: Olson Benjamin
Published: February 2014

During the 1980s and 1990s anti-cosmic Satanism emerged in the UK and Scandinavia as an attempt to merge ancient forms of Gnostic thought, highly performative, blasphemous manifestations of heavy metal subculture, and certain death-oriented, magical traditions from the Caribbean and Latin America. While culturally wide-ranging and syncretic in its theological outlook, anti-cosmic Satanism consistently emphasizes the abandonment of the physical body and a violent apocalyptic merger with an infinite satanic power. Anti-cosmic Satanism has risen in tandem with the popularity of Nordic black metal music, to which it is indelibly connected, making it one of the most controversial left-hand path traditions that has arisen since the 1980s. Paradoxically, anti-cosmic Satanism also borrows much from the folklore and narrative structures of Conservative Christianity regarding the existence of sincerely evil satanic cults. The hyper-transgressive attitudes and anti-Christian rhetoric of both black metal and anti-cosmic Satanism assert a fetishised morbidity, associating death with ultimate liberation.
Programa computacional para calcular a potência requerida de máquinas e implementos agrícolas
Authors: Klaver Pablo Pereira Corrêa , Garcia Ricardo Ferreira , Vasconcelos Júnior José Francisco Sá , Corrêa Junior Delorme , Vale Wellington Gonzaga
Published: February 2014

O uso de programas computacionais no setor agrícola permite atingir objetivos específicos na área. Dentre esses, um dos mais complexos é a seleção adequada de máquinas e implementos agrícolas visando à otimização de operações agrícolas, devido, principalmente, à grande variedade de equipamentos existentes no mercado e a gama de tarefas e situações de trabalho que estas são submetidas no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um programa computacional para calcular a potência requerida de máquinas e implementos agrícolas normalmente utilizados na condução de operações de campo, desde o preparo do solo até as operações de implantação de culturas. Desenvolvido em linguagem PHP, o programa computacional baseia-se na norma ASAE D497.4 - Agricultural Machinery Management Data como referência para desenvolvimento de cálculos. A partir do programa desenvolvido, tornou-se possível a execução de tarefas para cálculos de avaliação da demanda de potência de máquinas e implementos agrícolas de forma simplificada pela internet.
Detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos através do teste de Imunofluorescência indireta
Authors: Guerra Neurisvan R. , Monteiro Maria F.M. , Sandes Hévila M.M. , Cruz Nadine Louise Nicolau da , Ramos Carlos A.N. , Santana Vania Lúcia de Assis , Souza Marcilia Maria Alves de , Alves Leucio Câmara
Published: February 2014

Trypanosoma vivax infecta uma grande variedade de animais ungulados selvagens e domésticos, podendo causar grande impacto na produção de ruminantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos provenientes do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Para tanto, foram analisadas 2,053 amostras de soro sanguíneo de bovinos provenientes de rebanhos de municípios do estado de Pernambuco, os quais foram analisados através da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Das amostras testadas 13,93% (286/2.053) foram reagentes para anticorpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma vivax. As freqüências, por mesorregião, variaram de 11,90% a 15,99%. Assim, os dados obtidos permitiram a caracterização do estado de Pernambuco como uma área de instabilidade enzoótica e sugere que o estado Pernambuco é área endêmica para Trypanosoma vivax e este parasito está distribuído por todo o estado.
Atitudes de estudantes de enfermagem frente questões relacionadas ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista
Authors: Vargas Divane de
Published: February 2014

OBJETIVO: Examinar as atitudes de uma amostra de estudantes de enfermagem frente ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório realizado com 144 estudantes do último ano de graduação em enfermagem de duas escolas do setor privado da cidade de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a Escala de atitudes frente álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista. RESULTADOS: as atitudes frente ao alcoolista foram mais negativas do que aquelas que vêm sendo reportadas na literatura. A maioria dos participantes considerou o alcoolista culpado por seus problemas de saúde e preferiu não trabalhar com esse tipo de paciente. CONCLUSÃO: As atitudes dos estudantes frente às questões relacionadas ao álcool e alcoolismo tendem à ambivalência e à negatividade, o que pode ser atribuído à falta de preparo recebida durante a graduação. Apesar das recomendações feitas pelos especialistas no País pouco tem sido investido na formação do enfermeiro em álcool e outras drogas sobretudo nas escolas privadas.
Prevalência e motivos de remoção não eletiva do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos
Authors: Costa Priscila , Kimura Amélia Fumiko , Vizzotto Mirella de Pádua Souza , Castro Talita Elci de , West Andresa , Dorea Eny
Published: February 2014

Estudo transversal, realizado com 67 recém-nascidos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital privado de São Paulo, entre julho e dezembro de 2010, submetidos a 84 inserções de Cateteres Centrais de Inserção Periférica (CCIP). Os objetivos foram descrever a prevalência de remoção não eletiva do cateter e seus motivos. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários médicos e do formulário de registro de informações sobre o cateter. A média de idade gestacional corrigida dos neonatos foi 32,8 semanas, peso 1.671,6 g e idade pós-natal 9,4 dias. A remoção não eletiva ocorreu em 33 (39,3%) cateteres, 13,1% por obstrução, 9,5% ruptura, 7,1% edema do membro, 6% suspeita de infecção, 1,2% tração acidental, 1,2% má perfusão e 1,2% extravasamento. A prevalência e os motivos de remoção não eletiva indicaram a necessidade de estratégias para a prevenção de complicações evitáveis relacionadas ao CCIP.
Briefing: Resistance to ballistic penetration of insulated concrete formwork
Authors: Barnes Richard Andrew , Hanrahan Tom
Published: February 2014

Insulated concrete formwork blocks with various fillings were subjected to repeated rounds from an AK47 assault rifle. Glass cullet and 5–20 mm aggregate performed well with no complete perforation after many rounds. The insulated concrete formwork was found to be very effective at minimising spalling from concrete and improving its ballistic resistance.
The UK response to the challenge of climate change
Authors: Parry John
Published: February 2014

The paper provides a background for the need to address climate change globally. In particular, it shows how the UK has addressed and is approaching the implications of climate change especially for its deemed critical infrastructure and the civil engineering profession. In addition, it sets out UK government responses, legislation background and policy decisions with regard to risk and infrastructure adaptation. It highlights some worldwide examples of climate change issues and recent severe events in the UK, such as storms, high winds, flooding, high and low temperatures and their costly consequences. Reference is made to historical and recent severe weather events and consequences leading to proposed actions for the adaptation of critical infrastructure in the transport, utilities and energy sectors. A description of current UK research programmes addressing climate change issues is included. An outline of how the UK insurance and financial sectors have built climate change into their business operations is also given.
Utilisation of nanoparticles in technologies of producing castings for the needs of power engineering
Authors: Kmita Angelika , Dańko Rafał , Holtzer Mariusz , Hutera Barbara , Stypuła Barbara
Published: February 2014

Castings constitute important installation elements in the traditional coal, gaseous or nuclear power plants. Cast elements are also used in installations of the so-called renewable energy. Utilising nanoparticles in the foundry industry leads to improvements in the quality of produced castings and thus to the cost production lowering. Better properties of moulds and cores were achieved as a result of utilisation of nanoparticles in sand technologies. Works carried out in the Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH-UST, concerned the water-glass binder modification by nanoparticles of metal oxides (zinc oxide and magnesium oxide) in alcoholic solvents (methanol, ethanol and propanol). Nanoparticles were synthesised in the electrochemical process by anodic dissolution of metals as well as by the thermal method. The nanoparticles of zinc oxide obtained in the electrochemical process are of the structure of equiaxial agglomerates of various sizes depending on the applied alcohol. The largest nanoparticles were obtained from the methyl alcohol solution (~50 nm), while the smallest (≤20 nm) from the propyl alcohol solution. The highest tensile strength (above 25% larger than the strength of the moulding sand with no modified water-glass) was obtained by the moulding sand in which water-glass was the binder modified by the colloidal solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles in propyl alcohol.
New method to test property of combustion of molten solid/liquid/powder
Authors: Wu Bo , Song Cuicui , Pang Chenghuan
Published: February 2014

Better understanding of burning behavior of polymer materials is of great importance to reduce risks of fire disasters. Cone calorimeter is one of very important and useful tools to characterize burning behaviors of materials, which can generally well characterize a burning process of materials to yield much detailed information. However, if samples are in molten liquid and powder states, they become hard for a cone calorimeter to reflect the actual burning behaviors of materials according to international standard of ISO 5660-2002. To overcome this obstacle, in this study, a new method is proposed with which samples in a solid, liquid or powder state can be well tested, and data show excellent reproducibility with improved efficiency. A set of tests on PC and PP in different forms showed that the combustion behavior is quite different for the same sample, and our method provided great insight into this difference.
Disturbance facilitates the coexistence of antagonistic ecosystem engineers in California estuaries
Authors: Castorani Max C. N. , Hovel Kevin A. , Williams Susan L. , Baskett Marissa L.
Published: February 2014

Ecological theory predicts that interactions between antagonistic ecosystem engineers can lead to local competitive exclusion, but disturbance can facilitate broader coexistence. However, few empirical studies have tested the potential for disturbance to mediate competition between engineers. We examined the capacity for disturbance and habitat modification to explain the disjunct distributions of two benthic ecosystem engineers, eelgrass Zostera marina and the burrowing ghost shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis, in two California estuaries. Sediment sampling in eelgrass and ghost shrimp patches revealed that ghost shrimp change benthic biogeochemistry over small scales (centimeters) but not patch scales (meters to tens of meters), suggesting a limited capacity for sediment modification to explain species distributions. To determine the relative competitive abilities of engineers, we conducted reciprocal transplantations of ghost shrimp and eelgrass. Local ghost shrimp densities declined rapidly following the addition of eelgrass, and transplanted eelgrass expanded laterally into the surrounding ghost shrimp‐dominated areas. When transplanted into eelgrass patches, ghost shrimp failed to persist. Ghost shrimp were also displaced from plots with structural mimics of eelgrass rhizomes and roots, suggesting that autogenic habitat modification by eelgrass is an important mechanism determining ghost shrimp distributions. However, ghost shrimp were able to rapidly colonize experimental disturbances to eelgrass patch edges, which are common in shallow estuaries. We conclude that coexistence in this system is maintained by spatiotemporally asynchronous disturbances and a competition–colonization trade‐off: eelgrass is a competitively superior ecosystem engineer, but benthic disturbances permit the coexistence of ghost shrimp at the landscape scale by modulating the availability of space.
What Lies Within: Phenomenology and Intuitive Self-Knowledge
Authors: Ruth-Sahd Lisa A.
Published: February 2014

This article discusses the significance of intuitiveness as a component of phenomeno-logical knowing and demonstrates how this way of knowing may exist independently of or coexist collaboratively with rationality and evidence-based practice. By using a holistic approach to knowing, nurses use clinical reasoning skills to prevent adverse patient outcomes from failure to diagnose problems, to establish appropriate treatments, and/or to deal with complications. As the complexity of health care escalates, health care providers must strive to think holistically to advance knowledge and contribute to their discipline. The discipline of nursing requires holistic thought and innovative interventions.
The Wisdom of Indigenous Healers
Authors: Day (Waubanewquay) Dorene , Silva Dane Kaohelani , Monroe Amshatar Ololodi
Published: February 2014

The wisdom of indigenous peoples is manifest in ways of knowing, seeing, and thinking that are passed down orally from generation to generation. This article takes the reader on a journey through three distinct ways of knowing, specifically as they relate to healing and health. The authors are a Midewanniquay, or Water Woman, of the Ojibway-Anishinabe people of the upper Midwest in the United States and Canada; a lomilomi healer from Hawaii; and an initiated Priest in the Yoruba tradition of West Africa. The philosophies of all three cultures emphasize the importance of spirituality to health and well-being (or healing process), but each has unique ways in which it nurtures relationship with the Creator, the earth, and humankind through sacred rituals and healing practices.
A Midrange Theory of Empowered Holistic Nursing Education: A Pedagogy for a Student-Centered Classroom
Authors: Love Katie
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this article is to propose Empowered Holistic Nursing Education (EHNE) as a midrange theory—developed through induction, explication, deduction, and retroduction—to help nurse educators teach holistically and create a student-centered classroom, to establish a theoretical basis for a nursing pedagogy reflecting nursing's foundational principles, and to guide future research. The model's 5 core concepts, how to use the model as a pedagogy for practice, and its application to research will be presented. Holistic nursing will be defined, and traditional holistic nursing, holistic pedagogy, and emancipatory pedagogy will each be described.
Sur un 'sol tropical' a base d'argilites ferrugineuses, sous-jacent a l'Oligocene varoise, et sur son extension
Authors: Deschamps Marc , Touraine Fernand
Published: February 2014

Laterization, Ludian, clay mineralogy, DTA, x-ray diffraction analysis, similarity of infra-Oligocene argillites and Cretaceous bauxites, France
Evaluation of TDR Use to Monitor Water Content in Stem of Lemon Trees and Soil and Their Response to Water Stress
Authors: Nadler Arie , Raveh Eran , Yermiyahu Uri , Green S. R.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of the study was to compare the response of TDR‐determined stem (θstem) and soil (θsoil) water content to different irrigation managements. θstem (L L−1) was measured with three‐rods TDR probes (70 mm) installed vertically or horizontally into predrilled holes in the trunk of 5‐yr‐old lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burman f.] trees in a semiarid region (Israel). Four irrigation treatments were established to deliver 100% (“full”), half of this amount on one side of the tree (“50%”), same amount as in 50% but applied to alternate sides (3‐wk intervals) of the tree (“split”), and 0% (“dry”) of the orchard's normal irrigation volume (typically 150–200 m3 wk−1 ha−1). Treated sewage water (σw = 0.9 dS m−1) was used to irrigate the trees for 75 d (end of June and mid September). Changes in θsoil, and θstem were monitored at weekly intervals. Leaf water potential and temperature measurements were used to verify the achieved water stress levels. θstem of the full treatment fluctuated by about 0.02 to 0.03 L L−1 above and below the “prestress” reference level (beginning of the season). In contrast, θstem of the 50% treatment declined (by about 0.07 L L−1) steadily over the season. For the split and dry treatments, θstem decreased by about 0.12 L L−1 relative to the reference level. θsoil and θstem values suggest that some surplus irrigation was applied to the full and 50% treatments. It was found that water stress was reflected in TDR‐measured θstem changes but that these changes were too small for routine irrigation control.
Temperature dependence of infiltration rate during large scale water recharge into soils
Authors: Lin Chunye , Greenwald Dan , Banin Amos
Published: February 2014

We report the results of a systematic long‐term study of infiltration rate (IR) in a large scale effluent recharge plant, showing a significant dependence of the infiltration rate on temperature (T). Water level and T were continuously monitored and recorded in several infiltration basins of an operating wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during the course of a 4‐yr study of basin geochemistry and performance. Infiltration rates were calculated from the slope of linear plots of water level vs. time during the drainage phase. Systematic interseasonal variations of IR were observed and were strongly correlated to water T Calculations showed that the variation of IR with T was generally 1.5 to 2.5 times larger than that predicted from effluent viscosity changes per se, suggesting the possible involvement of other T‐dependent factors. This may have profound effects on the overall efficacy of wastewater reclamation and other water‐recharge operations.
Subsoil Nitrogen Capture in Mixed Legume Stands as Assessed by Deep Nitrogen‐15 Placement
Authors: Gathumbi Stanley M. , Cadisch Georg , Buresh Roland J. , Giller Ken E.
Published: February 2014

The rotation of crops with planted N2–fixing legumes (improved fallows) is a promising agroforestry innovation for replenishing soil fertility in the tropics. We postulated that woody and herbaceous legumes with different rooting and growth patterns could be mixed in improved fallows to maximize utilization of belowground growth resources. We used a method of injecting a solution of 15N‐labeled (NH4)2SO4 into soil at 0.15‐ and 1.0‐m depths to measure soil mineral N acquisition by sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L) Merr], crotalaria [Crotalaria grahamiana Wight and Arn.], and the understory herbaceous legume siratro [Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.] grown in mixed stands on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox soil in western Kenya. Crotalaria had the highest root length in the topsoil. Sesbania on the other hand had nearly half its total root length below 0.3 m at 0.3‐ to 1.5‐m depth; sesbania took up more added 15N than crotalaria and siratro from the 1.0‐m depth. Mixed sesbania and crotalaria stands, as compared with growing species in monocultures, increased root length at the 0.3‐ to 1.2‐m depth. Sesbania mixed with siratro was more effective than sesbania mixed with crotalaria in uptake of 15N at 1.0‐m depth but not at 0.15‐m depth. At 2 mo after injection, the 15N was concentrated immediately below the injection point with little lateral movement. This confirmed the utility of the methodology in determining temporal N uptake for species in mixed stands. Our results suggest that opportunities exist for enhanced subsoil N retrieval through the mixing of leguminous species, which can influence root distribution and increase rooting in the subsoil.
Towards sustainable sanitation – the HAMBURG WATER Cycle in the settlement Jenfelder Au
Authors: Augustin Kim , Skambraks Anne-Katrin , Li Zhiqiang , Giese Thomas , Rakelmann Ulf , Meinzinger Franziska , Schonlau Henning , Günner Christian
Published: February 2014

One of the largest urban development projects at present in Hamburg is the conversion of former military barracks into a new residential area for about 630 households, called Jenfelder Au. The urban design concept for this 35 ha area follows a high quality approach to develop a carbon-neutral, attractive neighbourhood for approx. 2,000 inhabitants abundant with green space and urban water. HAMBURG WASSER, Hamburg's water supply and wastewater utility, is rethinking the way of wastewater management by implementing an integrated concept for decentralised wastewater treatment and energy production – the so-called HAMBURG WATER Cycle® (HWC) – in this new residential area, based on source control of wastewater. Stormwater, greywater and blackwater are collected separately and then treated separately on site in Jenfelder Au. The realisation of the HWC will be the hitherto largest demonstration of a resource oriented sanitation concept working with vacuum technology for the collection of concentrated blackwater. This concept intends to establish synergy between wastewater management, waste management and energy production, and contributes to an improved local natural water cycle.
Rapid inactivation of Salmonella by a quaternized biopolymeric flocculant
Authors: Khaira Gurpreet Kaur , Ganguli Abhijit , Ghosh Moushumi
Published: February 2014

We report the characteristics and biocidal properties of a biopolymeric flocculant produced by Klebsiella terrigena capable of flocculating Salmonella efficiently from water. In order to impart an antimicrobial function, the native biopolymer was quaternized and the trimethyl biopolymeric derivative (TMB) was analysed physically, chemically and for flocculating properties. The quaternized biopolymer was evaluated for antimicrobial effects against four strains of Salmonella namely, S. typhimurium ATCC 23564, MTCC 1251, MTCC 98 and S. typhi MTCC 733. TMB did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) in either chemical and physical properties or flocculating ability when compared to its native counterpart. TMB completely inactivated Salmonella (60 μg/mL, at ambient temperature) within 60 min of exposure. Cell injury and death were evidenced by rapid increase in electrical conductivity in the media and release of intracellular alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases indicating permeation of cells. Electron micrographs revealed grossly altered morphology suggesting damage to the cell membranes as a possible reason for inactivation. The results of this study suggest a potential application of the developed biocidal bioflocculant for water treatment.
Disinfection performance of nanosilver and impacts of environmental conditions on viral inactivation by nanosilver
Authors: Xu Yang , Chu Xiaona , Hu Jiangyong , Ong Say Leong
Published: February 2014

Three types of nanosilver materials, which were commercial, chemically-synthesized and biologically-synthesized, respectively, were compared in terms of the disinfection efficiencies against Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage in order to pinpoint promising material with the best performance. Disinfection results showed biologically-synthesized silver nanoparticles (referred to hereafter as ‘bio-AgNPs’) had the best disinfection performance, 10 mg/L of which was able to inactivate all the E. coli in 1 min (>6 log removals) and achieved 4 log removals of MS2 coliphage. Bio-AgNPs were therefore selected for further study in terms of effects of the concentration and contact time as well as the impacts of environmental conditions on the viral inactivation. Given the viral inactivation profile of bio-AgNPs shown in this study, it could be concluded that viral inactivation by bio-AgNPs could be inhibited by total organic carbon (TOC) (10 mg/L as humic acid) and chloride ion (5 mg/L) to a large extent while Ca2+/Mg2+/ionic strength only had minor effects on the viral inactivation at high concentrations (188 mg/L as CaCO3 of hardness or 5.6 mM of ionic strength, respectively). This part of the study may help enlighten further mechanism studies on viral inactivation by nanosilver.
Removal of transition metal ions from aqueous solution using dialdehyde phenylhydrazine starch as adsorbent
Authors: Wang Rou , Liu Jun-Tao , Li Chun-Yang , Li Rong
Published: February 2014

Dialdehyde phenylhydrazine starch (DASPH) was synthesized by reacting dialdehyde starch (DAS) with phenylhydrazine (PH) and it was characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. FT-IR of DASPH revealed the incorporation of the Schiff Base group (C = N) group and the disappearance of the C = O (carbonyl) group. The adsorption behaviors of transition metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) were investigated as a function of pH and adsorption time. The results indicated that pH 5.0 and 120 min were the optimal conditions. Experimental results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity of DASPH for the four transition metal ions was as follows: Cd2+ (4.9 mmol/g) > Zn2+ (3.3 mmol/g) >Pb2+ (1.7 mmol/g) >Cu2+ (0.83 mmol/g). In addition, the regeneration method of DASPH was also studied.
Ammonia diffusion through Nalophan™ bags
Authors: Sironi Selena , Eusebio Lidia , Dentoni Licinia , Capelli Laura , Del Rosso Renato
Published: February 2014

The aim of the work is to verify the diffusion rate of ammonia through the Nalophan™ film that constitutes the sampling bag, considering storage times ranging from 1 to 26 h. The ammonia decay over time was evaluated using gas-chromatography for the quantification of ammonia concentration inside the bag. The research assesses the roles of both of ammonia and water concentration gradients at the polymeric film interface on the diffusion process. The results show that both the ammonia concentration gradient and, in a less pronounced way, the water concentration gradient are the main ‘engines’ of ammonia diffusion. Double bags seem to represent a simple solution for preventing ammonia losses during storage. Another interesting result concerns the role of the bag surface on the ammonia diffusion rate: the higher the surface/volume (S/V) ratio, the higher the ammonia diffusion rate through the polymeric film.
The Human Embryonic Stem Cells Transcriptome: How Much Do We Know?
Authors: Vij Shubha , ZhenYang Lai , Mun Wong Pui , Li-Ling Chak , Yue Wang , Woon-Khiong Chan , Bongso Ariff
Published: February 2014

The establishment of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines in 1998 served to set the pace for understanding
the molecular biology behind the two hallmark features of stem cells: self renewal and pluripotency. The excitement was
generated in the hope that understanding the molecular biology of hESCs would provide a good model for studying early
human development, disease and drug discovery and also hold the promise for providing a cure for degenerative human
diseases. In spite of the large number of studies, the molecular basis of pluripotency has remained a matter of intrigue ever
since the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were first identified. A considerable percentage of these studies have been
transcriptome-based. Interestingly, significant differences are seen not only between mouse and human ESC
transcriptomes but also amongst the hESC studies. Nevertheless, a key set of pluripotency genes seem to be common,
reinforcing the utility of transcriptome-based approaches in identifying the molecular basis of pluripotency in hESCs.
Hydroxyapatite- and Amelogenin Protein-Induced Expression of Mineralization-Related Genes in a Dental Epithelial Cell Line
Authors: Xu Liming , Harada Hidemitsu , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Taniguchi Akiyoshi
Published: February 2014

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a major inorganic component of hard tissues, has been widely used as a novel scaffold
for bone or tooth tissue regeneration. However, the effects of HAp on dental cells at the molecular level are poorly understood.
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of HAp on differentiation- and mineralization-related gene expression
in the dental epithelial cell line (HAT-7). HAT-7 cells were observed to spread on the surface of HAp sintered disks and
to increase the expression of several differentiation- and mineralization-related genes. Furthermore, amelogenin and HAp
synergistically induced differentiation resulting in increased amelogenin mRNA expression in HAT-7 cells. The results
from this study provide important information to develop novel biomaterials for enamel regeneration.
Models, fictions and explanations: A study in historical epistemology of economics
Authors: Zitko Mislav
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the standard criticism of the neoclassical economic
theory that takes mathematical formalism and the practice of modelling as the
most problematic aspect of orthodox economics. The aim of the paper is to
explore the epistemic properties of models in science (particularly in
economics), and to incorporate the insights from the recent debates in the
philosophy of science into the framework of historical epistemology of
economics. The main claim of this paper is that history is important for
understanding how economic models operate and why have they been accepted as
legitimate instruments of inquiry in economic theory. However, since
modelling practice clearly is not limited to neoclassical economic theory,
the difference between economic orthodoxy and heterodoxy has to be explained
in a different way. The paper argues that the theory of fiction can provide
an important clue inasmuch as the epistemological and political commitments
are a part of the story that underpins the modelling practice in economics.
Radio Belgrade in the process of creating symbolic boundaries: The example of the folk music program between the Two World Wars (1929-1940)
Authors: Vesic Ivana
Published: February 2014

This article deals with the process of creation of symbolic boundaries in the
context of designing the folk music programs at Radio Belgrade since its
foundation until the beginning of World War Two. A detailed insight into the
musical contents aired on Radio Belgrade, the texts on folk music published
in the radio weekly magazine (Radio Belgrade), and the preserved memoirs,
with an emphasis on their broader socio-cultural and socio-political
significance, has enabled me to single out the factors and mechanisms that
played a key role in defining the boundaries of folk music. I will analyse
the work of different editorial teams before World War Two; at the same time,
I will consider the tastes and cultural preferences of the subscribers and
listeners of the Radio Belgrade programs. By means of crossing out specific
aesthetic, political and economical positions of radio editors and experts
who designed the folk music program with the expectations of listeners and,
to an extent, performers of folk music, I will attempt to explain how the
process of symbolical demarcation of folk music as a separate entity,
different from art and popular music, took place; but also, how the folk
music broadcast on the radio related to the Serbian folk musical practices.
Popular music as an anticipation, “framing” and construction of generational memory of the 1968 students’ protest in Yugoslavia
Authors: Vasiljevic Maja
Published: February 2014

By focusing on the role of music within a certain political event - in this
case, the students? protests in Yugoslavia in June 1968 - I connect the
sociology of music with the sociology of social movements as defined by
American writers Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison. Moreover, I suggest further
research based on the sociology of generations. I insist on the cultural
basis of social movements, as argued by these Yale-educated sociologists.
Contrary to the typically onesided or negative evaluation on the consequences
of the 1968 protests on the further development of Yugoslav society, I
discuss the importance of this crucial year on the history of Yugoslav rock
music and the students? lifestyle. I argue that the entertainment
institutions in Yugoslavia, including rock?n?roll, pop and jazz music, as
well as the amateur folklore societies, were crucial for the
selfidentification of the protagonists of the 1960s student protests, and not
only the students? political choices. Music anticipated and accompanied the
1968 protests, and later helped in constructing the memories on these
protests. Music is singled out as the object of study based on the analysis
of a vast body of archival material and the participants? testimonies, in
which the music could be observed as the only constant parameter in the
process of constructing collective memory to the 1960s in Yugoslavia and the
1968 events. I discuss music in the context of social movements for the sake
of analyzing the multiplicity of music?s meanings for various social groups.
Music is seen outside of institutional frameworks. Bearing in mind the lack
of literature that deals comprehensively with the lifestyle of the youth at
that time, including their musical preferences, I used various secondary
sources.
The mysterious Misirlou
Authors: Todorovic Predrag
Published: February 2014

My article deals with an unusual story on the roots of a song that has left a
significant imprint on the twentieth century popular music all over the
world. It is the song Misirlou, created somewhere on the territory of the
Ottoman Empire, probably in Asia Minor. The author of this song is unknown.
It was created in the so-called rebetiko musical style, typical of the Greeks
from Asia Minor, who developed that style after the World War I. The first
recordings of this song were made in the 1930s by Greek musicians Tethos
Demetriades and Mihalis Patrinos. In no time, there was a true proliferation
of different versions of this song, in almost every possible musical genre:
jazz, latino, taksym, klezmer, makam, Serbian folk, hip hop, trash metal, pop
and rock?n?roll. A number of these versions are mentioned in the article. The
fact that this song is considered by many nations ? Greeks, Turks, Arabs,
Serbs, Jews, Americans ? as their own, demonstrates its aptitude for
incredible metamorphoses. What attracted me to this song was the story on how
it was appropriated into Serbian folk music by the remarkable composer and
singer Dragoljub Dragan Tokovic. The song was called Lela Vranjanka [Lela,
the girl from Vranje] and became a standard in the so-called ?Vranje folk
music?, marvelously interpreted by the singer Stanisa Stosic. I also compare
various textual versions of Misirlou, in different languages, in order to
show its parallel development in verse.
Music as word: Film music - superlibretto?
Authors: Ciric Marija
Published: February 2014

The aim of his paper is to prove that film music can be understood as
authentic narrative force: film music as word / discourse and its
superlibretto status. Superlibretto is the status of music in a film which is
constructing its own (aural) reality and is narrating, speaking its own text
which creates a wholesome film meaning. The existence of superlibretto is
substantiated by fundamental theoretic concepts of film music and practically
proven by analyses of examples taken from the opus of Serbian film composer
Zoran Simjanovic.
The sketches for Alfred Schnittke’s Symphony no. 3, and what they (don’t) tell us?
Authors: Medic Ivana
Published: February 2014

The analysis of Alfred Schnittke?s Symphony No. 3 that I present in this
paper is based on my study of Schnittke?s sketches from the Juilliard
Manuscripts Collection. The importance of these manuscripts, which (to my
knowledge) are discussed in a peer reviewed publication for the first time,
is twofold. On the one hand, the sketches make it possible to correct errors
found in earlier analyses of this symphony; in particular, they provide
plenty of information on Schnittke?s manipulation of thematic material and
the overall constructive principles. On the other hand, although the sketches
fail to broach a coherent narrative, they do hint at Schnittke?s hidden
intentions and provide clues for an informed reading of this idiosyncratic
work and its possible meanings.
Geant4-based comprehensive study of the absorbed fraction for electrons and gamma-photons using various geometrical models and biological tissues
Authors: Rahman Ziaur , Rehman Shakeel , Mirza Sikander , Arshed Waheed , Mirza Nasir
Published: February 2014

The Geant4-based comprehensive model has been developed to predict absorbed
fraction values for both electrons and gamma photons in spherical,
ellipsoidal, and cylindrical geometries. Simulations have been carried out
for water, ICRP soft-, brain-, lung-, and ICRU bone tissue for electrons in
0.1 MeV-4 MeV and g-photons in the 0.02 MeV-2.75 MeV energy range. Consistent
with experimental observations, the Geant4-simulated values of absorbed
fractions show a decreasing trend with an increase in radiation energy.
Compared with NIST XCOM and ICRU data, the Geant4-based simulated values of
the absorbed fraction remain within a 4.2% and 1.6% deviation, respectively.
For electrons and g-photons, the relative difference between the Geant4-based
comprehensive model predictions and those of Stabin and Konijnenberg's
re-evaluation remains within a 6.8% and 7.4% range, respectively. Ellipsoidal
and cylindrical models show 4.9% and 10.1% higher respective values of
absorbed dose fractions relative to the spherical model. Target volume
dependence of the absorbed fraction values has been found to follow a logical
behavior for electrons and Belehradek's equation for g-photons. Gamma-ray
absorbed fraction values have been found to be sensitive to the material
composition of targets, especially at low energies, while for elections, they
remain insensitive to them.
An approach to optimal architectural and urban design from the energy efficiency point of view
Authors: Kapetina Mirna , Rapaic Milan , Atanackovic-Jelicic Jelena
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a new approach to architecture and urban design that
results in an increase of the energy efficiency of buildings set close to
each other, which is set as the optimization problem. The main goal is to
maximize the sunlight impact on objects, in a way to minimize inter-object
shading on each building. The problem is solved by the PSO (Particle Swarm
Optimization) algorithm and its modifications, as well as the application of
PSO algorithm with niches, which makes it possible to find a large number of
local optima. It turned out that the PSO algorithm with niches is especially
suitable for solving the described problems. The proposed methodology is
illustrated by a few examples.
The consequences of mobbing and possibilities of their measurement
Authors: Vuksanovic Mirjana
Published: February 2014

This paper considers the consequences of mobbing in order to indicate
possibilities for their measurement. Mobbing can be measured through its
effects as the mental, physical and social consequences of mobbing are
visible and can be quantified. The effect of mobbing can be expressed by the
difference in the health of the victim of mobbing before and after exposure
to the stressful mobbing activities. This can be compared through laboratory
and specialist analysis of auto anamnestic data, accessible through the
employee?s cumulative health record that is kept with the occupational health
institution or with the employee?s chosen physician. It is expected the
consequences of mobbing will correlate with the length and intensity of
exposure, as well as with the personal ?equation? of the victim and the
circumstances of the surroundings. Using medical records, an expert could
provide a statement on the degree of intangible damage made to the employee
who has suffered harassment at work. The intensity of exposure to mobbing and
the degree of pain caused can be measured by assessment scales. A major
drawback of these instruments lies in their strong dependence on culture.
Scientific explanation, laws of nature and counterfactuals
Authors: Milojevic Miljana
Published: February 2014

This paper will discuss the theoretical foundations and interconnections of
several philosophical concepts which are indispensable for the definition of
scientific practice and logic of counterfactuals. Three concepts will be in
the focus of the examination: scientific explanation, laws of nature and
couterfactuals. In the exploration of the possibility of their independent
foundation we will start with empiricist attempts to define scientific
practice in accord with Hume's sceptical view of necessity which we will
critically assess. Reached conclusions will point to the existence of
unjustified practice to circulary define these basic concepts and to the fact
that one philosophical discipline sometimes uncritically adopt the results of
the other (we focus on philosophical logic and philosophy of science) which
leads to vague definitions. Successful definition of the concepts in question
asks for several answers to the questions which will be raised at the end of
this paper.
Kant and the legitimacy of rebellion against the sovereign
Authors: Soc Andrija
Published: February 2014

The main topic of this paper is Kant?s position with respect to whether
rebellion of citizens against their sovereign is justified. The first part of
the paper introduces the social contract theory and considers three
well-known answers to this question - Hobbes?s Locke?s and Rousseau?s. In the
second part I deal with Kant?s views relying on those of his works where the
relation between government and citizens is the chief subject. It is usually
thought that Kant believes that rebellion, or revolution against sovereign is
unjustified, or even contradictory. In the third part of the paper I try to
outline an alternative interpretation that ascribes him the positive attitude
towards revolution in certain contexts, and to which I arrive by using mainly
the textual evidence present in the Critique of Judgment.
Kant's ethical standpoint and the problem of moral integrity
Authors: Majstorovic Katarina
Published: February 2014

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the problem of moral
integrity in Kant's ethical teachings. First, we tried to locate the moral
integrity within Kant's original teachings, considering its relationship to
the notions of dignity, duty, respect and autonomy. In the wake of further
conceptualization of the problem of moral integrity, particularly interesting
seemed the issue of threats of moral integrity, which we illustrated. The
second part of the paper is concerned with critics to charge that Kant does
not provide a satisfactory treatment of the moral integrity of the individual
because his insistence on impartiality. In response to critics, we offered a
presentation of the main arguments of Barbara Herman, where she is trying to
improve the Kantian position. Nevertheless, the focus of argumentation which
attempts to defend Kant is on the suggestions made by Henning Jensen. His
suggestions call our attention to a little known part of Kant's original
text, which explicitly shows the existence of perfect duties to oneself. It
is also argued that perfect duty to oneself is at the same time the duty of
higher order, determined as the right of humanity in our own person. Jensen
manages to find the possibility of establishing moral integrity within Kant's
conception and to preserve the essential significance of moral law in Kant's
ethics.