bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LAYANAN KONTEN DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN SELF AWARENESS REMAJA TENTANG BAHAYA SEKS PRA-NIKAH KELAS VII
Authors: Sitorus Tania Hudba Salshabila , Nasution Nani Barorah
Published: January 2025

This study aims to increase junior high school students' self-awareness regarding premarital sex through the application of audiovisual media content services. Using a pre-experimental research design, this study involved 32 seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Air Batu. The results showed a significant increase in the mean score of students' self-awareness after participating in the intervention program, from 81.03 to 109.41. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. These results indicate that audiovisual media content services are effective in increasing students' self-awareness of premarital sex. Thus, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the potential use of audiovisual media as an adolescent sex education tool.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Fibrini Dewi , Siregar Abdul Rahman Maulana
Published: January 2025

Rumah Tangga merupakan lingkup terkecil dari masyarakat yang terdiri dari kepala keluarga dan anggota keluarga yang tinggal dalam satu rumah dimana antara yang satu dengan lainnya merupakan satu kesatuan dan saling membutuhkan yang diperkuat dengan adanya perkawinan. Digunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis data dari bahan hukum seperti konsep, teori, doktrin dan pendapat ahli. Berbagai upaya dilakukan pemerintah dalam mencegah terjadinya kekerasan rumah tangga dengan membuat kebijakan tentang penghapusan kekerasan rumah tangga, mengadakan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi tentang kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, mengadakan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, advokasi tentang kekerasan dalam rumah tangga serta menyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan isu kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Perempuan, Kekerasan Rumah Tangga
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DOKTER GIGI DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN MEDIS
Authors: Ulfany Riri , Yumanita Intan , Siregar Abdul Rahman Maulana
Published: January 2025

This study examines the legal protection for dentists in medical services, considering the increasing legal risks due to malpractice lawsuits. Dentists play a crucial role in the community's dental and oral health, but legal challenges such as patient complaints and ethical issues can threaten their professionalism. Adequate legal protection is needed so that dentists can practice safely and efficiently. Regulations such as the Medical Practice Law and the Health Law provide a legal framework that protects the rights of dentists while ensuring the quality of service for patients. This research method uses a normative legal approach with a literature study. This study aims to explain the regulations that protect dentists, their legal responsibilities, the challenges they face, and the role of the dispute resolution system. The results indicate the need for increased legal protection so that dentists can operate in a safe and professional environment, as well as recommendations for strengthening access to malpractice insurance and efficient dispute resolution.
Inconsistency between conditional and marginal analyses
Authors: Feng Chang , Liu Honghong , Wang Hongyue , Feng Changyong
Published: January 2025

Conditional and marginal analyses are widely used in clinical studies. However, the results of these two methods may occasionally contradict each other. For instance, marginal analysis may show that the treatment group outperforms the control group, while conditional analysis may suggest the opposite. We examine the causes of this inconsistency and provide general sufficient conditions for ensuring consistency.
The Effects of Social Protection Expenditures in Relation to Selected Socio-Economic Indicators in EU Countries
Authors: Halásková Renata , Pomp Marek
Published: January 2025

The extent of social and economic issues has an impact on current society, and ways of solving them reflect not only on social policy but also on results of economic policies. The paper aims to evaluate the effects of social protection expenditures/benefits in relation to selected socio-economic indicators in the EU countries. By use of panel data analysis in the period 2010–2021, the effect of social protection expenditures/benefits (total and by individual function) on GDP per capita, income inequality and on the risk of poverty and social exclusion is examined. The results show a positive effect of social protection expenditures/benefits (total and by selected function-housing, family/children, social exclusion, survivors) on GDP per capita and a negative impact of social protection benefits (total and by functions – social exclusion, family/children, sickness/health care) in the case of the risk of poverty and social exclusion. Conversely, social protection benefits by selected functions have a combined effect on income inequality. The acquired findings demonstrate the significance that is attached to specific areas of social protection policies in the EU countries.
The Concept of Organism-Environment Relationship and the Emergence of a Unified Concept of Environments
Authors: Martins Gonçalo
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, the concept of environment is commonly used, both in scientific speech or in more mundane realms, such as in political or economic issues. However, this conceptualization of the environment, as something singular and abstract with which organisms continuously interact, was not known until the middle of the nineteenth century. This concept was coined and emphasized by Herbert Spencer, who primarily inherited the idea that organisms are constantly affected by their external circumstances firstly from Lamarck, and then Charles Lyell, Alexander von Humboldt, and especially Auguste Comte. From Lamarck, who was influenced by Cuvier and Buffon, Spencer received the idea of a physicochemical environment sustaining life. With Humboldt and Lyell, Spencer became progressively aware of the relevance of other living beings in defining a specific organism’s environment. With Comte, Spencer encountered the idea of a correspondence between organism and environment, in which the latter was abstractly regarded. Consequently, Spencer would include physical, biological, and social circumstances under the umbrella of this abstraction. Darwin would also contribute to this perspective on environment while highlighting the idea of “struggle for existence”, in which a new ecological stance, focused on the interdependence of organisms, was brought to the fore. My aim is to outline the history of the progressive concealment of elements of the external world surrounding an organism, which was involved in this continuous metaphysical abstraction of the concept of environment. Only then, I argue, did it become possible to construct a dichotomy between organism and environment, and conceptualize their interaction, crucial aspects in the history of ecology.
Course implementation of Mahara e-portfolio: university students’ perspective
Authors: Součková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates the feedback from 2nd and 3rd year students in a teacher training programme as part of the e-portfolio course implementation. Mahara e-portfolio platform was used in a compulsory elective course to enhance the learning experience and provide online space for completing various reading, listening, writing, speaking skills, and vocabulary tasks. The research adopts a qualitative approach and analyses expectations, fears, and contributions (before the implementation) related to e-portfolios and likes, dislikes, and suggestions (after the course completion). The paper reflects the students’ first-hand experience with e-portfolios and seeks to contribute to the growing area of research on this topic. Based on the data, the expectations towards e-portfolios were relatively positive. The students showed concerns, especially over technical issues and digital skills. As to the potential contribution, the students highlighted the interactive nature of e-portfolios. At the end of the course, the students appreciated especially peer-to-peer learning.

On the other hand, the students showed a negative attitude towards difficulties and challenges with using the eportfolio at the beginning of the process. The students also suggested using one platform instead of multiple platforms. The findings can be of interest to teachers, lecturers, instructors or anyone planning to implement eportfolios in the field of education, especially with a focus on higher education.
Integrated thematic instruction in the environment of Czech primary schools: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Barancová Klára , Fasnerová Martina , Balušková Kateřina , Kantor Jiří
Published: January 2025

Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) (now also Highly Effective Teaching) is a type of teaching based primarily on one long-term unifying theme and its subsequent elaboration into branching themes and skills. Although the basic principles of ITI are reflected in the concept of the Czech curriculum, specifically in its project form (the Framework Educational Programme for Primary Education), there is only sporadic information on how ITI is used in pedagogical practice. The aim of this national cross-sectional study with a questionnaire was to determine the awareness of first-grade primary school teachers about the ITI model and to further focus on and explore selected applications of ITI in pedagogical practice. Only 23% of the teachers surveyed use the ITI model, and a higher level of awareness correlates with more frequent use. Teachers often use ITI in their practice in the form of one-day or weekly topics, and natural sciences are the most represented teaching areas. In most cases, teachers create their own materials for the ITI application. Still, they would welcome new ones (even though in 43% of cases, they consider the number of materials sufficient).
Representations of Personal Experience of the War Reality in Ukraine in Reports on the Onet.pl Website
Authors: Szulich-Kałuża Justyna , Wadowski Dariusz
Published: January 2025

The article aims to analyse how the Onet.pl website presents the process of experiencing the reality of war by Ukrainians and Russians affected by this conflict. The subject of the analysis is the materials presenting the individual stories of ordinary citizens of Ukraine and Russia suffering the consequences of the war. The corpus of materials selected as a result of the content analysis included 99 texts published on the most opinion-forming portal in Poland, Onet.pl, in the first half of 2024. The adopted theoretical and methodological perspective included the theory of representation and the concept of framing. The conducted analysis aimed to answer the following research questions: 1). What categories of people do the stories presented in Onet.pl materials concern? 2). What types of war experiences do Onet’s editors choose to present to Polish audiences? 3). What general image of the Russian-Ukrainian war shapes or can shape the ways of presenting the stories of individuals who are experiencing the war reality? As a result of the research, eight dominant frames were identified: the suffering frame, the escape frame, the activity frame, the change/other world frame, the clash of civilizations frame, the moral activity frame, the women’s frame, and the children’s frame.
Burundi 1993–2023: Decades of Missed Opportunities
Authors: Bar Joanna
Published: January 2025

Burundi’s internal conflict has continued since independence in 1962. Its subsequent phase erupted in 1993 after the assassination of democratically elected President Melchior Ndadaye, lasted more than a decade, and resulted in the collapse of the country’s economy. Democratic parliamentary and presidential elections were not held until 2005. The period under then-elected President Nkurunziza (2005–2020) will go down in history as marked by the difficult economic situation and the persecution of political opponents. The change of president in 2020 provided an opportunity to reverse unfavourable development trends, but the assessment of President Melchior Ndayishimiye’s leadership does not provide grounds for optimism. The main purpose of this paper (conducted in the form of a case study) is to analyse the current socio-political situation in Burundi, along with an attempt to answer questions about the chances of ending the conflict, avoiding the threat of its internationalization in the region, and effectively rebuilding the country. Awareness of the state’s poor condition constructs the main research hypothesis of the article, that the flawed leadership of the last two presidents is resulting in measurable negative effects on the state’s post-conflict reconstruction processes and its economic development. The study, in accordance with the accepted premise of conducting qualitative research, has been prepared based on a critical analysis of sources, reports of institutions and non-governmental organizations, data from rankings of reputable think tanks, as well as based on the literature on the genesis and course of the internal crisis in Burundi. The study confirmed that the lack of stable governance and a responsible leader with the will to bring peace and a policy of stable development, translated into the country’s dire economic situation and the low standard of living of its citizens.
Flerspråkighet som outnyttjad resurs
Authors: Wedin Åsa , Berg Lovisa
Published: January 2025

Here Mother Tongue Instruction (MTI) in secondary school education for students with intellectual disabilities is investigated. Earlier research shows that multilingual development may have positive effects on students’ development of language and cognition. The specific aim is to investigate what MTI in the adapted school for students with intellectual disabilities can be. The study builds on fieldnotes and recordings from observations from eight lessons in one class, which is analysed based on aspects of space, activities and language use. The results show that the Arabic instruction was separated from the students’ other education and the MTI teacher did not collaborate with other teachers at the school. Thus, opportunities for teachers and students to compare the two languages were few. The study also showed the importance of collaboration between different categories of staff. The conclusion is that collaboration is an unused resource with potential to improve the learning conditions. Thus, more research is needed on how collaboration could be developed for multilingual students between different teachers, such as MTI teachers, teachers in Swedish as a second language and special needs teachers.
Assessment of the information value of the Phoenix Sepsis Score after the first day of treatment of sepsis in children
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Trembach A. V. , Lekmanov A. U.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Sepsis is a serious life-threatening disease, accompanied by high mortality and long-term decline in the quality of life of surviving patients. Recent recommendations from the US Society of Critical Care Medicine presented the Phoenix Sepsis Score as the optimal system for assessing organ dysfunction in children with sepsis.

The objective of study was to compare the discriminatory ability of the Phoenix Sepsis Score, pSOFA and PELOD 2 scores after 24, 72 and 120 hours of intensive care.

Materials and methods. The study design was retrospective, observational, and multicenter. 140 children met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 (20.7%) patients died. The discriminatory power of the study scores was assessed based on ROC analysis.

Results. The area under the ROC curve in the first 24 hours was comparable for the analyzed scores (within 0.600, the significance of the differences between the Phoenix Sepsis Score and pSOFA was 0.57, Phoenix Sepsis Score – PELOD 2 = 0.80, pSOFA – PELOD 2 = 0.74 ). On the third day of intensive therapy, the information value of the scores turned out to be good (Phoenix Sepsis Score– 0.704 ± 0.100, pSOFA – 0.748 ± 0.079, PELOD 2 – 0.810 ± 0.073), but they also did not differ statistically significantly from each other. On the fifth day of treatment, all scores showed excellent and comparable discrimination ability (AUG ROC about 0.900).

Conclusions. The information ability of the Phoenix Sepsis Score, pSOFA and PELOD 2 in children with sepsis is comparable. The Phoenix Sepsis Score can be used to monitor the severity of organ dysfunction during intensive care of pediatric sepsis
Digitalization in anaesthesiology and intensive care – a start for artificial intelligence?
Authors: Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Smolin N. S. , Timofeev G. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents reflections on the place of digitalization in the development of domestic anesthesiology and intensive care. The important role of this technology in ensuring high-quality treatment is shown. The practical component of implementing tasks within the framework of digitalization should include reducing the workload on personnel not related to direct work with the patient, but also changing the management of treatment system to improve its efficiency and the safety of medical activities.
PELLETIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kandukuri Jagan Mohan , Allenki Venkatesham , Eaga Chandra Mohan , Keshetty Vasu , Jannu Kiran Kumar
Published: January 2025

Multiparticulates are discrete particles that make up a multiple unit system. Although pellets have been used in the pharmaceutical industry for more than four decades, with the advent of controlled release technology, that the full impact of the inherent advantages of pellets over single unit dosage forms have been realized, not only has focused on refining and optimizing existing pelletization techniques, but also focused on the development of novel approaches and procedures for manufacturing of pellets. The present review outlines the manufacturing and evaluation of pellets. The manufacturing techniques include layering, cryopelletization, freeze pelletization, extrusion spheronization and hot melt extrusion have been discussed. Characterization of pellets is discussed with reference to the particle size distribution, surface area, porosity, density, hardness, friability and tensile strength of pellets.
MUCOADHESIVE MICROCAPSULES OF INDOMETHACIN: EVALUATION FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE AND ULCEROGENIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Chowdary K.P.R. , Deepthi K. Sree , Rao Y. Srinivasa
Published: January 2025

Mucoadhesive microcapsules of indomethacin were prepared by an emulsification-ionic gelation process employing sodium carboxy methylcellulose, methylcellulose, Carbopol and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose along with alginate and the microcapsules were evaluated for release kinetics and ulcerogenic activity. The resulting microcapsules were discrete, free flowing, multinucleate, monolithic and spherical. Microencapsulation efficiency was 41-70 % and relatively high with alginate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Indomethacin release from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was found to be slow and extended over longer periods of time and depended on the composition of coat and size of the microcapsules. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed first order kinetics. Alginate-methyl cellulose and alginate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose microcapsules were found suitable for oral controlled release. The microcapsules exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash-off test. Release from some microcapsules fulfilled the official (USP 23) drug release test-2 requirement of indomethacin extended release capsules. A 62-80 % reduction in ulcerogenic activity was observed with these microcapsules when compared to pure drug indomethacin.
TRANSDERMAL IONTOPHORETIC DELIVERY OF ATENOLOL IN COMBINATION WITH PENETRATION ENHANCERS: OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION ON SOLUTION AND GELS
Authors: Nandy B. C. , Gupta R. N. , Rai V. K. , Das S. , Tyagi L. K. , Roy S. , Meena K. C.
Published: January 2025

In the present investigation, we prepared Atenolol (1.5 % w/w) solution and various polymer formulations by incorporating the tween-20 or L-menthol, as a penetration enhancers and its effect on permeation of the drug through the excised abdominal rat skin were used to examined by using the vertical Franz-type diffusion cell. The physicochemical interactions between Atenolol and various polymers were investigated by performing the assay, ultra violet absorption maxima, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and it was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography studies, from which drug did not show any evidence of interaction with the polymers. We found that, L-menthol was superior than tween-20 to iontophoresis [current density applied 0.5 mA/cm2 and 90:10 (on: off) ratio], in enhancing the transdermal permeation of Atenolol; it enhanced the flux of Atenolol by more than 2-folds, comparison to the preparations without penetration enhancer via passive diffusion, and 3 folds increased using iontophoresis alone with a shorter lag time. Atenolol also showed good stability in gel formulations. The basic parameters like % loading dose released at the end of the study, permeation coefficient and steady state flux (Jss) were calculated and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results indicated that suitable iontophoretic delivery with desired permeability could be appeared and the cumulative amount-time curves were suitable to fit by a zero order equations which indicated a steady state permeation rate or sustained effect could be achieved from hydrogel; when it is combined with penetration enhancer, L-menthol. The results demonstrate that the semisolid gel formulations are more applicable than solution as a transdermal iontophoretic delivery system to administer clinically. Electrically assisted transdermal delivery of Atenolol significantly increased transport compared to passive delivery. Also, rapid and modulated delivery was shown to be feasible by programming the electrical parameters.
ESTIMATION OF SODIUM VALPROATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC WITHOUT PRIOR DERIVATIZATION: APPLICATION TO DISSOLUTION STUDIES
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Singh U. K. , Kumar S. , Moothan B.
Published: January 2025

A simple, precise and reproducible reverse phase, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of sodium valproate in bulk and enteric coated tablet dosage form. The quantification was carried out using a Nova-pack phenyl, 4µm, 150 mm × 3.9 mm i.d. column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: buffer (30:70, v/v) (pH 2.5) at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and UV detection at 210 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and solution stability. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 50-1500 µg/ml (r = 0.9999). Mean inter- and intra-assay relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 2.0 %. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sodium valproate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Also, the method was extended for determination of sodium valproate release from in-vitro dissolution studies.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM
Authors: Chakraborthy Guno Sindhu , Aeri Vidhu
Published: January 2025

Extracts of leaves and stems of Chlorophytum borivilianum were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and in-vitro antimicrobial studies. The results of the preliminary investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroidal nucleus, saponins and tannins in both parts. The methanolic extract of leaf and stems part were investigated for antimicrobial activity using agar disc diffusion method. Six clinical strains of human pathogenic microorganisms, comprising 3 Gram +ve, 1 Gram -ve and 2 fungi were utilized in the studies. The leaf extract of Chlorophytum borivilianum displayed overwhelming concentration dependent antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, far above that of ampicillin used in a concentration of 1.0 g/ml. The extract was less sensitive to 2 Gram -ve bacteria in the assay. In antifungal assay, the growth of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, were inhibited in the same manner comparable to voriconazole the reference drug used in the study. The methanol extract of stem also displayed a concentration related antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of S. aureus comparable to ampicillin at 1.0 g/ml. The extract was least active against Escherichia coli with a mild activity at 1.0 g/ml. The extract exhibited weak activities against C. albicans as well as A. niger. Both plant parts seem to justify their ethno medical uses.
SIDA VERONICAEFOLIA AS A SOURCE OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Pandey Manisha , Sonker Kanchan , Kanoujia Jovita , Koshy M. K. , Saraf Shubhini A.
Published: January 2025

Antioxidants play a major role in the management of diseases which are associated with oxidative stresses caused by excess free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant phytochemicals exert their effect by neutralizing these highly reactive radicals. The antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extract of whole plant of Sida veronicaefolia (family Malvaceae) was evaluated using in-vitro models, DPPH free radical scavenging, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and reducing power method. Dried powder of whole plant was extracted with hexane, chloroform, hydro-alcohol (50 %) and water using Soxhlet apparatus. Hexane, chloroform, hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts showed 7.2 %, 8.4 %, 20.9 % and 14.1 % inhibition on DPPH, while 1.5 %, 2.5 %, 23.4 % and 11.5 % inhibition of hydrogen peroxide compared to 37.4 % and 40 % by standard (BHT) and increasing order of absorbance by reducing power method i.e. hexane (0.150) < chloroform (0.479) < aqueous (1.790) < hydro-alcoholic (1.906) < standard (2.082). The obtained results indicate that, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Sida veronicaefolia shows high scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the plant may be due to the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds of hydro-alcoholic extract of whole plant. In all the methods, the extract displayed its ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration dependent manner.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TRIUMFETTA RHOMBOIDEA JACQ
Authors: Devmurari V P , Ghodasara T J , Jivani N P
Published: January 2025

Ethanolic extract of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq was subjected to various phytochemical tests. Preparative Thin layer Chromatography study of the extract was performed and active constituents were isolated. Spectral analysis of the isolated constituent indicates that Triumfetta rhomboidea (Tiliaceae) contains carbohydrate glycosides, phytosterol, steroids, flavonoids, tannin & phenolic compounds and triterpenoids. Antibacterial activity of ether and alcoholic extract of the plant was performed. Results exhibited that Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq contain good antibacterial action.
The clinical efficacy of integrating dolutegravir into the conventional therapeutic regimen for HIV management
Authors: Doke Nikita , Hajgude Simran , Dhande Avinash , Tole Shobha , Gunjegaonkar Shivshankar , Joshi Amol
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the efficacy of transitioning from TLE (Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz) to TLD (Tenofovir/ Lamivudine/ Dolutegravir) as a first-line antiretroviral therapy for the management of HIV. A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 261 individuals in whom 145 patients were initially treated with TLE in 2017 who were transitioned to TLD in 2020 and 116 patients given TLD as first-line therapy from 2020 onwards. Clinical parameters like Viral load (VL), CD4 cell count, and WHO clinical stage were evaluated at baseline to study the effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, the non-clinical variables like age, sex, weight, mode of transmission and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The results signified enhancements in CD4 count, viral load and weight across both groups (TLE to TLD transition and TLD initiated as first-line therapy) with a statistical significance of P<0.001***. The median BMI for patients transitioning from TLE to TLD was 21.63 (IQR 19.62-24.37) with a p-value of 0.004**, while the median BMI for patients on TLD as a first-line therapy was 20.83 (IQR 18.95-23.87), exhibiting a p-value of 0.115ns indicating no substantial difference between both groups. The findings showed effective viral suppression, with viral loads categorized as Target Not Detected (TND) and CD4 counts exceeding 500 cells/mm3. Overall, the integration of TLD into ART regimen resulted in improved clinical outcomes and sustained viral suppression among the patients showing the advantage of this therapeutic transition in HIV management.
Anti-ulcer activity of Trianthema portulacastrum leaves in rats using an experimental ulcer model
Authors: Bharti Puja , Rajashekhar U , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: January 2025

Gastric ulcers conditions can lead to severe complications, including bleeding, perforation, and an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Natural remedies such as Trianthema portulacastrum may help alleviate these issues by boosting antioxidant defenses and reducing inflammation. In this experiment, thirty Wistar Albino rats were assigned to different groups and observed for 16 days. The study design included several treatment approaches for gastric ulcers. The normal control (Untreated) group was received normal saline for 15 days, while the disease control group also received normal saline for the same period. The Standard Treatment group was received Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) over the 15-day duration. The first test drug group received a daily dose of 250 mg/kg of Trianthema portulacastrum extract for 15 days, while the second Test Group received 500 mg/kg of the extract for the same period. All groups, except the normal control, were administered ethanol (1 mL/200 g, p.o.) on the 16th day. Multiple variables including ulcer index, percentage inhibition of ulceration, antioxidant markers (SOD and CAT), and histopathological analysis of the stomachs of treated rats, were assessed. The methanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum (METP) demonstrated potential in treating ulcers. In an ethanol-induced ulcer model, the METP increased SOD and CAT levels, essential antioxidant enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species, indicating its capacity to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation. Notably, the higher METP dose (500 mg/kg) significantly elevated SOD levels, approaching those observed in the normal control group. Both the standard drug Omeprazole and METP markedly reduced ulcer severity, count, and index, while also increasing the percentage of inhibition. The METP exhibited dose-dependent anti-ulcer effects, with the 500 mg/kg dose providing substantial protection against ethanol-induced ulcers. Histopathological studies further supported that Trianthema portulacastrum extracts improve mucosal integrity and reduce lesions. Overall, Trianthema portulacastrum shows promising potential for treating gastric ulcers and enhancing overall health.
Influencia de los actos terroristas de los hutíes en Colombia
Authors: Mojica Gerardo , Padilla Bueno Maritza , Salas Rodríguez Julián Andrés
Published: January 2025

El grupo terrorista de los hutíes está realizando ataques a las embarcaciones militares y comerciales que navegan en la región del mar Rojo y el golfo de Adén. Desde su perspectiva, lo hace con el propósito de apoyar al movimiento Hamás de la Franja de Gaza y en contra de Israel, y para de ese modo afectar económicamente a Estados Unidos y al Reino Unido por su apoyo a la nación judía. Este artículo, mediante una revisión documental y su respectivo análisis, pone en contexto la motivación de los ataques hutíes, las consecuencias mundiales de estos ataques al comercio y las implicaciones que tienen para Colombia, y muestra que un conflicto que sucede en una región alejada no solo afecta la economía local, sino también la seguridad y defensa nacionales.
Colombia en la Antártida: la relevancia de sus expediciones científicas tras diez años
Authors: Jiménez Navia Breyner
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza la participación de Colombia en la investigación antártica, examinando las motivaciones geopolíticas, los beneficios científicos y diplomáticos, y los desafíos de esta participación. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de estudio de caso, basado en el análisis de fuentes primarias (documentos oficiales, informes de expedición) y secundarias (literatura académica, cobertura mediática). Como resultado se destaca que Colombia ha realizado diez expediciones a la Antártida desde 2014, para desarrollar proyectos en ciencias físicas, biológicas, sociales y humanidades. Estas expediciones han fortalecido las capacidades científicas y el perfil internacional del país, y así contribuye a la cooperación y al conocimiento global sobre la Antártida. La participación de Colombia en la investigación antártica ha sido un instrumento efectivo de diplomacia científica y posicionamiento geopolítico, en consonancia con los principios del Tratado Antártico.
Paz total: ¿política real o simple especulación?
Authors: Castro Rojas Luisa Fernanda , Castro Díaz German David
Published: January 2025

Del conflicto armado interno colombiano se ha hablado y escrito copiosamente a lo largo de los años y se le ha abordado de tantas formas posibles, como aristas tiene la violencia que se vive en el país, tanto en lo rural como en lo urbano. En la actualidad, se presenta el intento de aplicar una de las ideas más ambiciosas sobre construcción de paz, desde la Presidencia de Gustavo Petro: la Política de Paz total. Por medio de la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes primarias y secundarias, además del trabajo en conjunto de analistas de diversas áreas, se plantea este artículo de reflexión con miras a ofrecer una visión crítica acerca de adónde puede llegar dicha paz total, según el escenario actual del país.
Entrevista a Wisman Johan Díaz Castillo. Intereses y dinámicas en la resolución de conflictos
Authors: Abaunza Bustos Carol Tatiana
Published: January 2025

Wisman Johan Díaz CastilloMagíster en Derecho Administrativo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia. Especialista en Derecho Administrativo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia. Abogado conciliador, Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia. Director del Programa de Derecho, Fundación Universitaria San Mateo. Docente investigador, con experiencia en instituciones de educación superior.
Matrix of victim blaming in manifestations of corruption (using the example of bribery)
Authors: Farakhiev Dinar Minzeferovich , Minzyanova Dilyara  Faril'evna
Published: January 2025

The study examines the matrix of victim blaming in corruption manifestations using the example of the most common corruption-related crimes - bribery. The following features of the problem under consideration are revealed: bribery as a social phenomenon is characterized by the problem of determining the victim of the crime; in social studies, the prevailing opinion is that bribery is the commission of active actions by two or three subjects of illegal activity; there is a comprehensive assessment of bribery as a guilty act both on the part of the bribe giver and the bribe taker; the negative public assessment of the bribe giver, bribe taker and (or) intermediary in bribery increases significantly in the process of an integrated approach to the relevant forms. General scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition were used; structural-logical and dialectical methods were applied, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, which made it possible to put forward the problems of victim blaming in criminal cases. In the main part of the study, the victim-blaming matrix is ​​considered for crimes related to bribe-taking and bribe-giving according to the following formula: "criminal - victim" or "criminal - intermediary - victim". A distinctive feature is the following pattern: when receiving a bribe: an official is a criminal, a bribe-giver is a criminal and a victim, an intermediary in bribery is a victim (in exceptional cases, the status is not defined); when giving a bribe: an official is a victim, a bribe-giver is a criminal, an intermediary in bribery is a victim (in exceptional cases, the status is not defined). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the very nature of victim-blaming is very complex, since it characterizes social, individual, psychological, cultural and moral processes
An Evaluation of the Internship Learning Model to Improve the Competence of Higher Education Graduates
Authors: Tjitjik Rahaju  , Eva Hany Fanida  , Muhammad Farid Ma'ruf  , Novi Marlena  , Siti Atika Rahmi  , I Made Yudhiantara  , Abdul Rahman Abdul Latip
Published: January 2025

Increasing the competence of graduates is a significant problem in the evaluation of study programs related to the absorption of graduates in the world of work. This problem can be answered by implementing an innovative internship program and collaborating with various partners. The stipulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2020 concerning National Higher Education Standards, which regulates apprenticeship as a form of learning outside the classroom, aims to provide practical experience to students and reduce the low absorption of graduates in the world of business and industry. This research examines the evaluation of the certified apprenticeship program in the 2019 Public Administration Undergraduate Study Program, which is analyzed using evaluation theory (Dunn), which includes six indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, alignment, responsiveness, and accuracy. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results showed that things need to be improved, especially in terms of efficiency. This research contributes to the importance of commitment and attention to study programs in collaborating with stakeholders to improve the quality of graduates through internship programs. Suggestions for this research are the need to increase collaboration with external parties related to apprenticeship activities to expand the apprentice network. In addition, it is necessary to increase street vendor guidance activities between supervisors and street vendor students, which are carried out intensively.
Anthropoiconyms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Nikaeva T. M. , Pechetova N. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis and classification of anthropoiconyms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Despite the fact that the considered group of toponyms is one of the most widely represented in the toponymic system of the region, today oikonyms formed from personal names, surnames and nicknames are poorly studied, this is due to the relevance of the study. The novelty of the work is predetermined by the coverage of anthropoiconyms, the level of the analysis and the attempt made to classify them according to the lexico-semantic principle. As a result of the study, the following most common lexical and semantic groups were described: 1) names derived from personal names, surnames and nicknames of the first settlers, land owners, local residents and historical figures; 2) memorial names and dedication names; 3) names on behalf of the first ancestor, generic name. The most numerous is the first group of anthropoiconyms: there are many settlements on the territory of Yakutia, whose names are formed from both Russian and Yakut personal names, surnames and nicknames. The second group consists of names of geographical objects in honor of outstanding personalities of the era, most often Soviet. The third group includes oiconyms with ancient archaic foundations, mostly of Yakut origin, formed according to the anthroponym – genonym – anthropoiconym model. The prospect of research is seen in a detailed study of the horonyms formed from genoiconyms (congeneric names), using the example of the naslegs of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Aspects of studying T. Smetanin’s creative heritage
Authors: Okorokova V. B.
Published: January 2025

The study of T. Smetanin’s writings has begun in the 1970s since N. Z. Kopyrin’s monograph ‘Timofei Smetanin: Life and Work’ (1976) and has continued to the current day. The interest to the works of the versatilely talented writer does not disappear. Timofei Egorovich Smetanin (1919-1947) lived a short life, he died only at the age of 27, but he was able to keep a rich creative heritage. Т. Smetanin was successfully writing in diversity genres of fiction literature. He was known as children’s book writer, frontline poet, prose writer and screenwriter. The study of his work becomes relevant not only in the context of the 105th anniversary of the writer’s birth and the 80th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, but in order to create a complete picture of the history and development of Yakut literature, and the contribution of the talented writer into it. The purpose of the research is to reveal the contribution of Timofei Smetanin to the development of Yakut literature. T. Smetanin’s writings had huge importance for Yakut readers and inspired the martial spirit of Yakut soldiers. On his works several generations of children were raised, and today his works are still alive. He created his own specific writing style - it includes romantic images, easy syllable, humorous narration and optimistic pathos.
НАЧАЛО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО КИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА ДЛЯ ДИЕТИЧЕСКОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ НАРУШЕНИЙ УГЛЕВОДНОГО И ЛИПИДНОГО ОБМЕНОВ
Authors: Новокшанова Алла Львовна , Оксененко Ольга Владимировна , Сухарев Константин Борисович , Щетинина Елена Михайловна
Published: January 2025

Изложен опыт промышленного внедрения специализированного кисломолочного продукта, предназначенного для диетической коррекции пациентов с нарушениями углеводного и липидного обменов. Согласно медико-биологическому обоснованию, в состав специализированного кисломолочного продукта для диетотерапии пациентов с нарушениями углеводного и липидного обменов включен витаминный премикс, соли марганца и цинка, а также биологически активные соединения таурин и L-карнитин. Разработанная рецептура предусматривала комбинирование молока обезжиренного – сырья с сухим обезжиренным молоком, либо восстановление сухого обезжиренного молока в питьевой воде. Технологический процесс производства осуществляли резервуарным методом на современной линии «Tetra Pak» при максимальной автоматизации производственных процессов. До внедрения актуализирована действующая на предприятии система менеджмента качества. Срок годности специализированного кисломолочного продукта в невскрытой герметичной потребительской упаковке составил 21 сутки от момента окончания процесса производства при температуре (4±2) ºС. Оценка специализированного кисломолочного напитка в клинических условиях с целевой аудиторией показала его эффективность для диетической коррекции пациентов с нарушениями углеводного и липидного обменов. Испытания технологии показали, что без технического перевооружения предприятия возрастают такие технико-экономические показатели, как максимальное использование вторичного молочного сырья в производстве инновационной пищевой продукции, расширение ассортимента выпускаемой продукции и повышение конкурентоспособности предприятия.
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕЦЕПТУРЫ ГОРЬКОЙ НАСТОЙКИ
Authors: Егорова Елена Юрьевна , Грязнов Александр Евгеньевич
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена разработке оригинальной рецептуры горькой настойки. Использовано сырье, богатое веществами, способствующими активизации аппетита и выделению пищеварительных ферментов: семена аниса обыкновенного, плоды барбариса и трава мяты перечной. В качестве подслащивающего компонента использован липовый мёд. Основные компоненты горькой настойки – настои аниса, барбариса и мяты – приготовлены методом мацерации (25±2 ºС). Экстрагент – 40 % раствор этилового спирта питьевого качества, гидромодуль экстракции 1:10, рациональная продолжительность выдерживания растительного сырья в контакте с водно-спиртовой смесью – 5 суток. Исследование физико-химических показателей настоев-экстрактов растительного сырья и приготовленных на их основе купажей горьких настоек осуществляли в соответствии с отраслевыми методиками. Установлено, что для производства горьких настоек на выбранном сырье более целесообразно получение моноэкстрактов. Цвет полученных настоев свидетельствует об эффективном извлечении полифенольных соединений. По эффективности экстракции дубильных веществ лидировали настои мяты (2,5–2,6 % на 4–5 сутки экстракции) и барбариса (2,7–2,8 % на 4–5 сутки экстракции), по эффективности извлечения флавоноидов – настои барбариса (3,5–4,2 мг/100 г экстракта). В составе экстрактивных веществ настоя из аниса (16–16,2 % на 4–5 сутки экстракции) преобладало эфирное масло. Приготовленные варианты купажей горькой настойки превышают норму по содержанию общего экстракта, что обусловлено долей экстрактов в купажах и может быть оговорено производителем напитков в НТД. Итоговая рецептура горькой настойки рассчитана на крепость 40 % об. Напиток имеет золотисто-кирпичный цвет, сглаженный профиль аромата и гармоничный сладковато-кислый вкус с пряными и свежими нотами, обеспеченными сочетанием растительного сырья и липового мёда. Рекомендуемая суточная норма потребления настойки (20 см3) обеспечивает более двух суточных норм дубильных веществ и 1,5 % от суточной нормы флавоноидов, что в сочетании с содержанием органических кислот свидетельствует о достигнутой цели – физиологической функциональности нового напитка.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКА В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АХЛОРИДНОГО ХЛЕБА
Authors: Кузьмина Светлана Сергеевна , Стецов Яков Григорьевич , Цыганок Сергей Николаевич
Published: January 2025

В технологии хлебобулочных изделий соль является не только вкусовой добавкой, но и оказывает существенное влияние на биохимические и структурно-механические свойства теста. Исключение соли из рецептуры хлеба способствует снижению вязкости и эластичности теста, с одной стороны, и повышению бродильной активности микрофлоры теста, с другой стороны, что, в свою очередь, ухудшает качество хлеба. С целью нивелирования негативных последствий исключения соли из рецептуры ахлоридного хлеба применяли ультразвук. При проведении исследований осуществляли обработку ультразвуком воду, предназначенную для приготовления дрожжевой суспензии, и непосредственно дрожжевую суспензию. Установлено, что с повышением продолжительности воздействия ультразвука происходит увеличение температуры как дрожжевой суспензии, так и воды. При обработке ультразвуком в течение 90 секунд температура как воды, так и дрожжевой суспензии, достигла 40 ºС, что является критическим для роста и размножения дрожжевых клеток. Воздействие ультразвука в течение 30‒60 секунд способствует биоактивации дрожжевой суспензии, в то время как ультразвуковая обработка воды, напротив, оказывает тормозящее, а в определенный период и негативное влияние на размножение дрожжевых клеток. Полученный ахлоридный хлеб, приготовленный с применением ультразвуковой обработки дрожжевой суспензии, обладает высокими показателями качества. Результирующим эффектом выступает значительное повышение пористости мякиша хлеба, в технологии которого применяли ультразвук по сравнению с контролем.