bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure S4 from Mitochondria Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Confers Chemoresistance to Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Metabolic Rewiring
Authors: Nakhle Jean , Khattar Khattar , Özkan Tülin , Boughlita Adel , Abba Moussa Daouda , Darlix Amélie , Lorcy Frédérique , Rigau Valérie , Bauchet Luc , Gerbal-Chaloin Sabine , Daujat-Chavanieu Martine , Bellvert Floriant , Turchi Laurent , Virolle Thierry , Hugnot Jean-Philippe , Buisine Nicolas , Galloni Mireille , Dardalhon Valérie , Rodriguez Anne-Marie , Vignais Marie-Luce
Published: June 2023

Metabolites produced by GSCs following MSC mitochondria acquisition and TMZ treatment
Figure S3 from Mitochondria Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Confers Chemoresistance to Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Metabolic Rewiring
Authors: Nakhle Jean , Khattar Khattar , Özkan Tülin , Boughlita Adel , Abba Moussa Daouda , Darlix Amélie , Lorcy Frédérique , Rigau Valérie , Bauchet Luc , Gerbal-Chaloin Sabine , Daujat-Chavanieu Martine , Bellvert Floriant , Turchi Laurent , Virolle Thierry , Hugnot Jean-Philippe , Buisine Nicolas , Galloni Mireille , Dardalhon Valérie , Rodriguez Anne-Marie , Vignais Marie-Luce
Published: June 2023

Effects of MSC mitochondria on GSCs metabolic response to TMZ (A, B) GSC mitochondrial mass and ROS production. FACS analysis of MitoTracker and MitoSox-labeled GSCs after the acquisition of MSC mitochondria and TMZ treatment (24 hr). (A) Mitochondrial mass. (B) ROS production. (A, B) Representative experiments and relative MFI values (mean ± SEM; n=3). One-way ANOVA, *p < 0.05. (C) Expression of Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV). Representative Western blot with the corresponding membrane (MW markers in kDa) as shown in Fig. 3H.
Pursuing the Real Vancomycin Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Is There Adequate Target Attainment?
Authors: Smeets Tim J.L. , de Geus Hilde R.H. , Rietveld Anouk , Rietdijk Wim J.R. , Koch Birgit C.P. , Endeman Henrik , Hunfeld Nicole G.M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Vancomycin is used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. The vancomycin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index is a ratio of the area under the concentration to the minimum inhibitory concentration ≥400–600 h*mg/L. This target can generally be achieved by a plasma concentration of 20–25 mg/L. Together with the pathophysiological alterations and pharmacokinetic variability associated with critical illness, the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may complicate the attainment of adequate vancomycin concentrations. The primary objective was the prevalence of attainment of vancomycin concentrations 20–25 mg/L after 24 h in adult ICU patients receiving CRRT. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate target attainment at days 2 and 3 and to calculate vancomycin clearance (CL) by CRRT and residual diuresis. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in adult ICU patients on CRRT, which received at least 24 h continuous infusion of vancomycin. Between May 2020 and February 2021, daily vancomycin residual blood gas and dialysate samples were collected from 20 patients, every 6 h and if possible vancomycin urine samples. Vancomycin was analysed with an immunoassay method. The CL by CRRT was calculated by a different approach correcting for the downtime and providing insight into the degree of filter patency. Results: The proportion of patients with vancomycin concentrations <20 mg/L was 50% 24 h after starting vancomycin (n = 10). No differences were observed in patient characteristics. The target vancomycin concentration 20–25 mg/L was only achieved in 30% of the patients. On days 2 and 3, despite the use of TDM and albeit in lower percentages, sub- and supratherapeutic levels were still observed. Taking downtime and filter patency into account resulted in lower vancomycin CL. Conclusions: 50% of the studied ICU patients on CRRT showed subtherapeutic vancomycin concentrations 24 h after starting therapy. The results reveal that optimization of vancomycin dosage during CRRT therapy is needed.
Infiltration of Gastric Cancer Stroma by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Correlates with Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling
Authors: Nakazawa Nobuhiro , Sohda Makoto , Katayama Ayaka , Ide Munenori , Shimoda Yuki , Tateno Kohei , Watanabe Takayoshi , Sano Akihiko , Sakai Makoto , Yokobori Takehiko , Ogawa Hiroomi , Oyama Tetsunari , Shirabe Ken , Saeki Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We investigated whether the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gastric cancer (GC), as evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, could be a prognostic marker. We also explored on the relationship between TILs and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and how it regulates immune effector responses in GC. Methods: A total of 183 patients with available data on TIL were included. TIL infiltration was evaluated using H&E staining. We also conducted immunohistochemistry to determine mTOR expression. Results: Positive TIL infiltration was defined as TILs ≥20%. There were 72 (39.3%) and 111 (60.7%) positive and negative cases, respectively. TILs positivity significantly correlated with both absence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.037) and negative p-mTOR expression (p = 0.040). TIL infiltration correlated with a significantly better overall (p = 0.046) and disease-free (p = 0.020) survival. Conclusion: mTOR possibly suppresses TIL infiltration in GC. H&E staining is an effective tool for evaluating the immune status of GC patients. H&E staining may be used in clinical practice to monitor treatment response in GC.
Impactos na saúde mental de estudantes de medicina na pandemia por Coronavírus: revisão integrativa
Authors: Garcia Angela Chaves de Oliveira , Carvalho Hairina Ester de , Florêncio Andressa Bueno , Fernandes Beatriz Aparecida , Queiroz Cleide Augusta de , Pereira Rafael Costa , Silva Vanessa Luzia Queiroz , Alves Mateus Goulart
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar os impactos na saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina e sua prevalência diante da pandemia pelo coronavírus. Metodologia: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, utilizando-se os descritores “Mental health”, “Medical students” e sigla pertinente para a doença por Coronavírus 2019. Resultados: a  mostra final deste estudo foi composta por 21 artigos discorrendo sobre depressão, ansiedade, estresse, sofrimento psicológico e mudanças psicológicas ou comportamentais. Conclusão: a pandemia causada pela doença do coronavírus repercutiu de diferentes maneiras na saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina, sendo observados transtornos de ansiedade e depressão, alterações de humor, estresse, sofrimento psicológico e dificuldade no engajamento universitário. Este estudo contribui com a identificação dos principais impactos da realidade imposta pelo novo coronavírus, estimulando a implementação de futuras estratégias de apoio à saúde mental no decorrer da formação médica.
Biomarkers and Echocardiographic Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Mendes Veronica G. , Rimolo Lorena , de Lima Ana Carolina B. , Ferreira Roberto R. , Oliveira Luciano S. , Nisimura Lindice M. , Horita Samuel I. M. , Costa Andréa R. , da Silva Gilberto Marcelo S. , Sangenis Luiz Henrique C. , Mendes Fernanda S. N. S. , Sousa Andrea S. , Veloso Henrique H. , Holanda Marcelo T. , Mediano Mauro F. F. , Waghabi Mariana C. , Garzoni Luciana R. , Moreira Otacílio C. , Britto Constança , Cunha Ademir B. , Hasslocher‐Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Saraiva Roberto M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Chagas disease (CD) presents an ominous prognosis. The predictive value of biomarkers and new echocardiogram parameters in adjusted models have not been well studied.

Methods and Results

There were 361 patients with chronic CD (57.6% men, 61±11 years of age, clinical forms: indeterminate 27.1%, cardiac 56.6%, digestive 3.6%, cardiodigestive 12.7%) included in this single‐center, observational, prospective longitudinal study. Echocardiographic evaluation included strain analyses of left atrial, left ventricular (LV), and right ventricular and 3‐dimensional analyses of left atrial and LV volumes. Biomarkers included cardiac troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor β1, tumor necrosis factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and
Trypanosoma cruzi
polymerase chain reaction. The studied end point was a composite of CD‐related mortality, heart transplant, hospital admission due to worsening heart failure, or new cardiac device insertion. Event‐free survival was analyzed by multivariable regression analyses adjusted for competing risks.
P
values <0.05 were considered significant. The composite event occurred in 79 patients after 4.9±2.0 years follow‐up. LV end‐diastolic volume (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02];
P
=0.02), peak negative global atrial strain (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00–1.17];
P
=0.04), LV global circumferential strain (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.21];
P
=0.003), LV torsion (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.35–0.81];
P
=0.003), brain natriuretic peptide (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.23–3.34];
P
=0.005), and positive
T cruzi
polymerase chain reaction (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.12–2.91];
P
=0.01) were end point predictors independent from age, sex, 2‐dimensional echocardiographic indexes, hypertension, previous cardiac device, and CD cardiac form.

Conclusions

Two‐dimensional strain‐ and 3‐dimensional‐derived parameters, brain natriuretic peptide, and positive
T cruzi
polymerase chain reaction can be useful for prediction of CD cardiovascular events.
Attentional Sampling between Eye Channels
Authors: Re Daniele , Karvat Golan , Landau Ayelet N.
Published: June 2023

Our ability to detect targets in the environment fluctuates in time. When individuals focus attention on a single location, the ongoing temporal structure of performance fluctuates at 8 Hz. When task demands require the distribution of attention over two objects defined by their location, color or motion direction, ongoing performance fluctuates at 4 Hz per object. This suggests that distributing attention entails the division of the sampling process found for focused attention. It is unknown, however, at what stage of the processing hierarchy this sampling occurs, and whether attentional sampling depends on awareness. Here, we show that unaware selection between the two eyes leads to rhythmic sampling. We presented a display with a single central object to both eyes and manipulated the presentation of a reset event (i.e., cue) and a detection target to either both eyes (binocular) or separately to the different eyes (monocular). We assume that presenting a cue to one eye biases the selection process to content presented in that eye. Although participants were unaware of this manipulation, target detection fluctuated at 8 Hz under the binocular condition, and at 4 Hz when the right (and dominant) eye was cued. These results are consistent with recent findings reporting that competition between receptive fields leads to attentional sampling and demonstrate that this competition does not rely on aware processes. Furthermore, attentional sampling occurs at an early site of competition among monocular channels, before they are fused in the primary visual cortex.
Altered Brain Connectivity and Network Topological Organization in a Non-ordinary State of Consciousness Induced by Hypnosis
Authors: Panda Rajanikant , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Piarulli Andrea , Annen Jitka , Demertzi Athena , Alnagger Naji , Chennu Srivas , Laureys Steven , Faymonville Marie-Elisabeth , Gosseries Olivia
Published: June 2023

Hypnosis has been shown to be of clinical utility; however, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate altered brain dynamics during the non-ordinary state of consciousness induced by hypnosis. We studied high-density EEG in 9 healthy participants during eyes-closed wakefulness and during hypnosis, induced by a muscle relaxation and eyes fixation procedure. Using hypotheses based on internal and external awareness brain networks, we assessed region-wise brain connectivity between six ROIs (right and left frontal, right and left parietal, upper and lower midline regions) at the scalp level and compared across conditions. Data-driven, graph-theory analyses were also carried out to characterize brain network topology in terms of brain network segregation and integration. During hypnosis, we observed (1) increased delta connectivity between left and right frontal, as well as between right frontal and parietal regions; (2) decreased connectivity for alpha (between right frontal and parietal and between upper and lower midline regions) and beta-2 bands (between upper midline and right frontal, frontal and parietal, also between upper and lower midline regions); and (3) increased network segregation (short-range connections) in delta and alpha bands, and increased integration (long-range connections) in beta-2 band. This higher network integration and segregation was measured bilaterally in frontal and right parietal electrodes, which were identified as central hub regions during hypnosis. This modified connectivity and increased network integration–segregation properties suggest a modification of the internal and external awareness brain networks that may reflect efficient cognitive-processing and lower incidences of mind-wandering during hypnosis.
Detection and description of Ditylenchus israelensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from bulbs of the Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.)
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Castillo Pablo , Munawar Maria
Published: June 2023

The present study describes a new Ditylenchus species, isolated from the bulbs of the Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) imported from Israel at the Ningbo plant quarantine lab, Ningbo, P.R. China. Ditylenchus israelensis n. sp. is an amphimictic species; females have six incisures in the lateral field, a long and slim body, a delicate, short stylet (7-8 μm) with small and rounded knobs, excretory pore in the anterior region of the basal pharyngeal bulb, posteriorly located vulva (V = 78.6-83.1), a short PUS (15.0-24.0 μm), and a long conical tail with a pointed terminus. Males are similar to females in general morphology and have 14.0-18.0 μm long spicules. The new species was also characterised molecularly using 18S, ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA genes. Our phylogenetic analyses showed its independent position among available Ditylenchus species and a close phylogenetic affinity with D. valveus. Several Ditylenchus species are regulated pests; their detection in a given sample can implement quarantine measures. However, to our knowledge D. israelensis n. sp. did not cause any damage to the R. asiaticus bulbs. In addition, future studies regarding fecundity and host association may shed some light on the pathogenic potential of D. israelensis n. sp.
Land Rights Under Cultural Autonomy
Authors: Savaşan Zerrin
Published: June 2023

This article focuses on land rights as a key aspect of non-territorial (cultural) autonomy, using, as a case study, a comparative analysis of the experiences of Sami people in Finland, Norway and Sweden. First, the concept of cultural autonomy is clarified, taking into account current debates on the subject. Next, the relationship between culture, indigenous peoples and autonomy is examined; and also, indigenous peoples’ land rights are evaluated in light of their dependence on the environment and natural resources to protect their culture. Then, a case study is provided on Sami people with a comparative analysis of the situation in Norway, Finland and Sweden. Finally, the article discusses potential ways to promote Sami land rights under cultural autonomy in response to the challenges emerging in practice.
Transparency as a Contested Fundamental in the Law of International Organizations
Authors: Brölmann Catherine
Published: June 2023

Against the backdrop of a recent turn to theory in the field of international organizations law this short article, part of the Special Forum on Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations, brings to the fore a characteristic of the international organization that should not be missing in the canon of fundamentals in international organizations scholarship. This is the transparency of international organizations as a legal entity and as a legal actor. ‘Transparency’ here refers to the phenomenon that member states and other institutional components are to some extent legally visible. ‘Legally visible’ means that the component parts of an organization, notably the member states, are addressed from, and involved in, the general international plane – a condition which is dynamic and context-dependent. In the words of the ila, organizations are layered creatures, ‘conducting … multilevel operations’. The article sets out how the transparency of organizations is a fundamental in two ways: as a legal-ontological claim, and as an analytical lens. Moreover the transparency of international organizations is subject to systemic and political contestation, albeit often in an implicit manner. The article concludes by arguing that the lens of transparency has lasting relevance and analytical value, as it helps to lay bare an elusive and continual dynamic in the legal manifestation of international organizations.
Towards a Political Economy of International Organizations Law
Authors: Klabbers Jan
Published: June 2023

This article is part of the Special Forum on Contested Fundamentals of the Law of International Organizations. It endorses a possible political economy of international organizations law, and explains why such would be desirable. The dominant approach to international organizations is unable to explain much of what is going on, and thus needs to be replaced by an approach more sensitive to the economic and organizational aspects of international organizations.
Towards a Black Cultural Memory
Authors: Amponsah Emma-Lee
Published: June 2023

The article explores how Black people in Belgium have sought meaningful engagement with their history, culture, and identity to create a shared cultural memory, and vice versa: how Black people’s engagement with a shared cultural memory has formed a collective, Afro-diasporic identity and culture. To illustrate how Black identities take shape beyond personal histories, cultures, and memories, I conceptualize a memory framework called Black Cultural Memory (BCM), giving insight into Black people’s interconnected identity constructing/maintaining embodied culture, and shed light on how social media, memory and Black people’s lives interact by discussing how cultural memory is shaped, sharpened and inquired through Black people’s contemporary digital engagement. Examining the memory practices and discoursers of Belgian Renaissance, New Awoken African Generation, and #BLMbelgium, I illustrate how digital platforms helped these initiatives to shape and distribute notions of collective blackness, which ultimately connects them to a global Afro-diaspora culture.
Elephant in the China Shop: the Uyghur Pyrrhic Victory
Authors: Shichor Yitzhak
Published: June 2023

Mostly unknown to the public, the Uyghurs, a Muslim minority of some 12 million in northwest China, have gained international prominence since the 2010s. Their Diaspora, headed by the World Uyghur Congress, has managed to convince the West that Beijing’s persecution of their kin in Xinjiang amounts to “genocide”, prompting condemnations, sanctions and boycotts on China. Not denying Chinese oppression of Uyghurs, I argue that the “genocide” claims are not only false but, moreover, counterproductive. Primarily motivated by an anti-China policy, whatever the findings of “investigation committees” and self-appointed “tribunals”, they hardly care about the Uyghurs. Contrary to expectations, no Islamic countries have criticized China; all the condemnations come from Western countries, themselves stained by “real” genocides, incomparably more brutal than what allegedly happened in China. In retrospect, the Uyghurs may have won a virtual, short-term, Pyrrhic victory, but actually failed completely. A real victory should, and perhaps could, have been won quietly and directly, not loudly and offensively.
Anatomy of a Caravan Raid: Peril and Possibility in the Kazakh Steppe, 1800–1860
Authors: Eden Jeff
Published: June 2023

Lieutenant Ia.P. Gaverdovskii’s journals preserve the most detailed eyewitness report of a Central Asian caravan raid ever written. This engrossing, disturbing account describes an assault that bears almost no resemblance to the rapid-fire, small-party piracy of lore. Organized, deliberate, and massive in scale, this Kazakh raid could better be described as a military operation, and it engaged a confederation of clans whose negotiations with one-another Gaverdovskii documents in detail. This paper puts Gaverdovskii’s account in the broader context of nineteenth-century caravan raiding and considers its significance for understanding this often-misunderstood phenomenon of steppe.
Qozha Imam Faizulla, Bureaucracy, and Coal Stoves: A Case Study of Late Soviet Islam in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bigozhin Ulan
Published: June 2023

Family identity and honor were important priorities for Central Asian Muslims in the Soviet era. This ethnographic case study explores how sacred family identity affected the educational and career choices of Faizulla, an imam in northern Kazakhstan whose career started in the late Soviet era and stretched into the 2000s. Faizulla was a Qozha: a person descended from Islamically significant figures, such as the Prophet Muhammad or Sufi masters. Qozhas expect respect from Kazakhs, but this comes with expectations that Qozhas and their children should maintain standards of piety and Islamic learning. We show how in the late Soviet period Faizulla attempted to live with the demands of Qozha identity, and how he navigated Soviet bureaucracies to meet these demands. It transpires that Faizulla did not frame himself in Soviet national terms, and nor did he identify himself fully as Uzbek or Kazakh; rather, he employed a shifting repertoire of identity roles in the process of dealing with the Soviet authorities.
Discovery of the oldest known elmid larva (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from the Lower Eocene of Rajasthan (India, Palana Formation)
Authors: KIREJTSHUK ALEXANDER G. , PATEL RAMAN , RANA RAJENDRA SINGH , PROKIN ALEXANDER , NEL ANDRÉ , JÄCH MANFRED A.
Published: June 2023

A single elmid larva is reported from a laminate maroon shale bed of Gurha opencast lignite mine (Palana Formation, early Eocene, Bikaner District, north-western Rajasthan, India). It is the first fossil larva that can be attributed to Elmidae with certainty. A generic assignation is not possible, because the larva is strongly compressed, and the most important characters are not visible or poorly preserved. The larva is described morphologically and illustrated by photographs and line drawings. A larva of a holometabolous insect from Baltic amber, which was published recently as a member of Elmidae by Zippel et al. (2022), possesses no structural characters that would clearly suggest placement in this family. A photograph of the hitherto unknown larva of the extant Grouvellinus rioloides from Kyrgyzstan is included for comparison.
Decolonial Ecologies
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

In Decolonial Ecologies: The Reinvention of Natural History in Latin American Art, Joanna Page illuminates the ways in which contemporary artists in Latin America are reinventing historical methods of collecting, organizing, and displaying nature in order to develop new aesthetic and political perspectives on the past and the present.

Page brings together an entirely new corpus of artistic projects from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru that engage critically and creatively with forms as diverse as the medieval bestiary, baroque cabinets of curiosities, atlases created by European travellers to the New World, the floras and herbaria composed by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century naturalists, and the dioramas designed for natural history museums. She explores how artists develop decolonial and post-anthropocentric perspectives on the collections and expeditions that were central to the evolution of European natural history. Their works forge a critique of the rationalizing approach to nature taken by modern Western science, reconnecting it with forms of popular, indigenous and spiritual knowledge and experience that it has systematically excluded since the Enlightenment.

Drawing on photography, video, illustration, sculpture, and installation, this vividly illustrated and lucidly written book (also available in premium quality in hardback edition) explores how these artworks might also deconstruct the apocalyptic visions of environmental change that often dominate Western thought, developing a renewed understanding of alternative ways in which humans might co-inhabit the natural world.
2. New Cabinets of Curiosities
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

Several recent artistic projects have revisited the cabinets of curiosities that were fashionable in Europe in the sixteenth century, predating the more systematized approach to collecting and displaying nature that was to characterize the Enlightenment. Cabinets of curiosities employed visual analogies and other effects to raise ontological questions about the natural world and the relationship between art and nature. Pablo La Padula (Argentina) and Cristian Villavicencio (Ecuador/Spain) interrogate the politics of such collections, developing a critique of the relationships that underpin them, between colonialism, capitalist accumulation, and the commodification of nature. Renaissance cabinets did, however, allow for more creative and diverse entanglings of nature and culture than were permitted in the more systematic collections of the eighteenth century that were to replace them. In his reassemblings of natural history collections, Villavicencio reflects on the link between microscopes (among other technologies of vision) and a commitment to a distanced, “objective” vision that became central to modern scientific techniques. Both La Padula and Villavicencio create opportunities for alternative encounters with the natural world that are embodied and subjective. Like Yuk Hui’s concept of “cosmotechnics,” these allow us to explore “the different relations between the human and technics inherited from different mythologies and cosmologies” and therefore to generate plural accounts of technological modernity.
4. Retracing Voyages of Science and Conquest
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

This chapter focuses on how artists and researchers have re-performed journeys and expeditions as a form of epistemological and aesthetic practice. This allows them to highlight changes and continuities in landscapes and relationships with the natural world, staging a complex interplay of temporalities. A major interdisciplinary and collaborative project discussed here is the Paraná Ra’anga expedition (Argentina, 2010), led by Graciela Silvestri and others. Around sixty Spanish and Latin American artists and researchers from different fields retraced the journey undertaken by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536, sailing from the new settlement of Buenos Aires to the interior of the continent, up the rivers Paraná and Paraguay, to found Asunción. Rather than a voyage of conquest, theirs was one that aimed to reinvigorate the riverine culture of Argentina’s Litoral region, a socionatural landscape that has been significantly transformed since that first Spanish expedition and is being further changed as a result of a megascale engineering project. My reading of the texts and images produced by participants in the Paraná Ra’anga expedition highlights how they engage with the divergent temporalities of the river. These works carry a critique, I argue, not only of the collusion between global capitalism and environmental destruction, but also of the temporality of the Anthropocene itself. In its linearity and apocalypticism, Anthropocene time as it is constructed in the West often ignores past environmental catastrophes that have already produced the extinction of whole communities and livelihoods. The future tense employed to describe ecological apocalypse also furthers the interests of globalism and economic liberalism by deepening the subjugation of those regions that have already experienced cataclysmic changes to Western technology and scientific rationalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Page Joanna
Published: June 2023

The conclusion brings together the arguments pursued throughout this book in two principal ways, proposing that we may approach these works as instances of a decolonial neobaroque and as calls for an environmental democracy, as envisioned by Enrique Leff. Many of the artists explored here stage a tactical return to baroque imaginaries, invoking the historical co-option of the baroque in Latin America as an instrument for anticolonial and anti-institutional expression, while redeploying its excess, heterogeneity, and performativity to explore post-anthropocentric perspectives on science and the living world. Reading their work as part of a decolonial baroque highlights ways in which they construct alternative modernities that are less exclusionary, while nevertheless remaining in close dialogue with European scientific, literary, and visual traditions. I mark key differences between the neobaroque in Latin America, a category proposed by several scholars that shares many characteristics with the disembedding effects of postmodernism’s subversion of authority and linear narratives, and the decolonial baroque I propose, which is more often a form of historical re-embedding with the specific aim of constructing a critique of Enlightment epistemologies and Eurocentric modernity.
A Review of Recent and Emerging Machine Learning Applications for Climate Variability and Weather Phenomena
Authors: Molina Maria J. , O’Brien Travis A. , Anderson Gemma , Ashfaq Moetasim , Bennett Katrina E. , Collins William D. , Dagon Katherine , Restrepo Juan M. , Ullrich Paul A.
Published: June 2023

Climate variability and weather phenomena can cause extremes and pose significant risk to society and ecosystems, making continued advances in our physical understanding of such events of utmost importance for regional and global security. Advances in machine learning (ML) have been leveraged for applications in climate variability and weather, empowering scientists to approach questions using big data in new ways. Growing interest across the scientific community in these areas has motivated coordination between the physical and computer science disciplines to further advance the state of the science and tackle pressing challenges. During a recently held workshop that had participants across academia, private industry, and research laboratories, it became clear that a comprehensive review of recent and emerging ML applications for climate variability and weather phenomena that can cause extremes was needed. This article aims to fulfill this need by discussing recent advances, challenges, and research priorities in the following topics: sources of predictability for modes of climate variability, feature detection, extreme weather and climate prediction and precursors, observation–model integration, downscaling, and bias correction. This article provides a review for domain scientists seeking to incorporate ML into their research. It also provides a review for those with some ML experience seeking to broaden their knowledge of ML applications for climate variability and weather.
Indirect and Direct Impacts of Typhoon In-Fa (2021) on Heavy Precipitation in Inland and Coastal Areas of China: Synoptic-Scale Environments and Return Period Analysis
Authors: Wang Liangyi , Gu Xihui , Slater Louise J. , Lai Yangchen , Zhang Xiang , Kong Dongdong , Liu Jianyu , Li Jianfeng
Published: June 2023

In July 2021, Typhoon In-Fa (TIF) triggered a significant indirect heavy precipitation event (HPE) in central China and a direct HPE in eastern China. Both these events led to severe disasters. However, the synoptic-scale conditions and the impacts of these HPEs on future estimations of return periods remain poorly understood. Here, we find that the remote HPE that occurred ∼2200 km ahead of TIF over central China was a predecessor rain event (PRE). The PRE unfolded under the equatorward entrance of the upper-level westerly jet. This event, which encouraged divergent and adiabatic outflow in the upper level, subsequently intensified the strength of the upper-level westerly jet. In contrast, the direct HPE in eastern China was due primarily to the long duration and slow movement of TIF. The direct HPE occurred in areas situated less than 200 km from TIF’s center and to the left of TIF’s propagation trajectory. Anomaly analyses reveal favorable thermodynamic and dynamic conditions and abundant atmospheric moisture that sustained TIF’s intensity. A saddle-shaped pressure field in the north of eastern China and peripheral weak steering flow impeded TIF’s movement northward. Hydrologically, the inclusion of these two HPEs in the historical record leads to a decrease in the estimated return periods of similar HPEs. Our findings highlight the potential difficulties that HPEs could introduce for the design of hydraulic engineering infrastructure as well as for the disaster mitigation measures required to alleviate future risk, particularly in central China.
Establishing a Rural General Surgery Residency Program: Identifying Community Stakeholder Perception and Obstacles of a de Novo Residency in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Suliman Toufeeq , Curry Clayton , Dolan Nicholas , Raines Jo Ann , Denning David , Cisco-Goff Jodi , Amiri Farzad
Published: June 2023

Background

Rural healthcare has become more challenging over the past several years with increasingly limited access to surgical care in the rural setting. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has recently introduced the Rural Track Program (RTP) initiative to combat physician shortage in rural areas. We intend to start the first Rural General Surgery Residency program under the RTP designation in rural Appalachia.

Study Design

430 community stakeholders were surveyed regarding the anticipated impact of a new training program. Questions focused on the understanding of a Residency Program, the care provided by residents, impact on availability of local care, current geographical limitation of surgical care, and potential benefits/obstacles of the training program.

Results

Over 90% of all surveyed approved of training surgeons locally, with the local government believing that the program would be a good investment for the community. Several locals had been treated by resident physicians at other facilities and the majority were satisfied with the care they received. Several families frequently travel to larger cities for surgical care, with 96% of all respondents believing that the program would provide better access to care locally.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the community is familiar with healthcare in a training facility and welcoming to a local training program, while believing that trainees will have a positive impact on local surgical care in rural Appalachia. We will continue to work with the local community and healthcare personnel while developing the program and tailor our Residency to the rural setting as able.
Accurate Preoperative Evaluation of the Location of Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma Using Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography
Authors: Wada Noriko , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro
Published: June 2023

Background

The surgical procedure for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma usually depends on the location of its epicenter or proximal margin, but accurate evaluation of these positions is often difficult. The usefulness of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) for this purpose is unknown.

Methods

Between June 2005 and February 2015, we enrolled 30 patients with cT2-4 EGJ adenocarcinoma (Siewert type I/II) who underwent surgical resection. We ascertained the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative PET-CT for identifying the primary tumor and regional lymph node metastasis, and compared PET-CT and pathological findings in terms of the distance from the EGJ to the tumor epicenter or proximal tumor margin.

Results

PET-CT detected the primary tumor with a sensitivity of 97% (29/30), and detected lymph node metastasis with a sensitivity and specificity of 22% (4/18) and 100% (8/8), respectively. No significant association was observed between the maximal standardized uptake value and histological type, tumor size, or pT status. Regarding the accuracy of evaluating tumor location, the median differences between PET-CT and pathological measurements were .6 cm for the tumor epicenter and .5 cm for the proximal margin from the EGJ. PET-CT and pathological findings showed agreement regarding Siewert classification type (I or II) and lengths of esophageal involvement exceeding 4 cm or 2 cm in 77% (10/13), 85% (11/13), and 85% (11/13) of cases, respectively.

Discussion

PET-CT had high sensitivity for primary EGJ adenocarcinoma. It may effectively locate the tumor epicenter and proximal margin and thus help clinicians determine the optimal surgical procedure.
Bulldozing Basic Structures: Legal– Spatial Dimensions of Constituent Power
Authors: Liang Lawrence
Published: June 2023

Using the lens of critical legal geography, this article examines the spatial consequences of legal interpretation and doctrine alongside the legal effects of spatial practices. It argues that spatial practices in the form of protests often constitute the exercise of ‘constituent power’ with an actual people inscribing themselves into the virtual realm of ‘we the people’. This performative exercise of constituent power often comes into conflict with the legal horizons of constituted power. The article looks at Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code (‘prohibitory orders’) as well as the use of bulldozers as a part of extra-legal mechanisms to control social protest and suggests that they collectively constitute a new ‘nomosphere’ that threatens to redefine constitutional rights and limits.
Provincialising Alappad’s Nationalistic Gaze: A Spatial Complexity Siting the ‘South’ Beyond the Metro
Authors: Nidheesh S.  , Benjamin Solomon
Published: June 2023

We look at Alappad in coastal South India’s Kerala and suggest the spatiality of power as a useful analytic to critique the trend towards nationalistic developmentalism. Recent recognition of the urban beyond metro cities is increasingly framed as a policy-heavy developmentalism. Here, central agencies, think tanks and non-governmental organisations reinforce this form of liberal perspectives, but also, such frames are reinforced by international collaborative projects with researchers of progressive ideological positions seeking to simplistically bring back the welfare state with little understanding of power structures on the ground. Here, groups termed at risk and marginal in line with ideas of southern epistemologies emphasise their political agency as particular constellations and varied material realms. To counter these ideas, we focus on the spatialities associated with various material practices. Without this, attempts to provincialise development in contexts such as Alappad are essentialising and de-politicising.
The Impact of Social Relationships on College Student Learning during the Pandemic: Implications for Sociologists
Authors: Senter Mary Scheuer
Published: June 2023

This article uses survey data gathered in fall 2020 and spring 2021 from students at a public, midwestern university to explore the factors affecting self-reports of learning during the pandemic. The consistent finding is that social relationships—support from professors and connections to peers—are critical. The impact of social relationships on learning is statistically significant even when other factors that have received much attention during the pandemic, including self-reports of mental health, technology access, and financial worries, are taken into account. The implications of these findings for our work as sociology teachers during and after the pandemic and for our departmental activities are highlighted.
Widespread, symmetric, noninflammatory alopecia associated with follicular dysplasia in the American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
Authors: Gordon Darian L. , Peters-Kennedy Jeanine , Childs-Sanford Sara E.
Published: June 2023

This report describes a unique pattern of alopecia in 8 American red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) from 2013 to 2021. All animals were juveniles; 6 were female and 2 were male. Seven presented between September and November, and one presented in April. All squirrels had widespread, bilaterally symmetric, noninflammatory, well-demarcated alopecia involving the entire trunk and legs and normal hair on their muzzle and dorsal surfaces of their paws. Six months later, a normal hair coat had grown on 2 of the animals, which were littermates. Hair fully grew 2 months later in another animal. Histopathology of the alopecic skin was performed in 7 of 8 animals. The following changes were noted: bent and coiled hairs, perforating folliculitis, melanin clumping, and distortion of hair shafts. Based on features of follicular dysplasia and apparent seasonality, this condition has some similarities to canine seasonal flank alopecia. A genetic etiology is suspected.
Discussion on Humanistic Design of Intersection Curb Radius Based on Passenger Experience
Authors: Zhou Chenjing , Li Hao , Liu Siyang
Published: June 2023

The huge waste of urban road resources caused by large turning radii of intersections has become a universal concern in traffic engineering. Here, an approach for determining curb radius at intersections is proposed using lateral acceleration to reflect ride perceptions, bringing human-oriented concepts into urban intersection design. First, we classified three kinds of ride perceptions into comfortable/uncomfortable but acceptable/unacceptable, after which the lateral acceleration and ride perceptions were obtained by ride perception experiments. The lateral acceleration critical values for each ride perception were obtained using the Raff critical gap method. Finally, we calculated the intersection curb radius based on the critical values, and verified vehicle safety under the recommended intersection curb radius. The results showed that the intersection curb radius based on the proposed approach was less than the specified value and safety was verified, indicating that enormous land resources could be saved were this methodology applied to intersection design.
NRF2/HO-1 axis, BIRC5, and TP53 expression in ESCC and its correlation with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Gao Yongmei , Wan Li , Li Mengyan , Wang Bo , Ma Yuqing
Published: June 2023

Background

Many types of cancer exhibit high nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is effective in resisting drugs and radiation. However, the role of NRF2 gene expression in predicting the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear.

Methods

The association between NRF2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), baculovirus IAP repeat 5 (BIRC5), P53 gene expression levels and their relationship to immune-infiltrating cells were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, the Human Protein Atlas and the TISDB database. The expression of NRF2, HO-1, BIRC5, and TP53 in 118 ESCC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between their expression level and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was analyzed.

Results

In ESCC, NRF2 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. HO-1 overexpression was significantly associated with differentiation, advanced clinical staging, lymph node metastasis, nerve invasion, and distant metastasis. BIRC5 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity and lymph node metastasis. TP53 overexpression was significantly associated with Han ethnicity and T staging. The NRF2/HO-1 axis expression was positively correlated with BIRC5 and TP53. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NRF2, BIRC5, and TP53 genes co-expression was an independent prognostic risk factor. TISIDB dataset analysis showed that immune-infiltrating cells were significantly negatively correlated with NRF2 and BIRC5.

Conclusion

NRF2, BIRC5, and TP53 axis gene expressions are predictors of poor prognosis for ESCC. The overexpression of the NRF2/HO-1/BIRC5 axis may not be related to immune-infiltrating cells.
Robust PI multiobserver for discrete nonlinear singularly perturbed system with unmeasurable premise variables
Authors: Marwa Ltifi , Nesrine Bahri , Majda Ltaief
Published: June 2023

This article deals with the observability bound problem of a discrete-time nonlinear singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) subject to disturbances and noises. This nonlinear SPS is represented by a coupled state multimodel (MM) with unmeasurable premise variables. A [Formula: see text] proportional-integral multiobserver ([Formula: see text] PI multiobserver), known by its robustness, is designed to accomplish this task. The proposed method is based on the [Formula: see text] technique to minimize the effect of the disturbances, the noises, and all the unmeasurable premise variables. To design this observer, sufficient conditions expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are developed as a first step to ensure the robust stability bound of the considered system represented by a coupled MM for a bound of the singular perturbation parameter based on a quadratic Lyapunov function and the [Formula: see text] gain. Then, sufficient conditions are developed to ensure the robust stability bound of the state estimation error between the MM and the PI multiobserver for a bound of the singular perturbation parameter that is less than or equal to the considered system’s robust stability bound. Hence, the observability bound of the considered system represented by a coupled state MM is determined. Two simulation examples are then given to validate the proposed strategy.