bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to control the plasma jet production of reactive species for medical therapy? A topical review
Authors: KC Sushil Kumar , Ghimire Bhagirath , Hong Sung-Ha , Oh Jun-Seok , Szili Endre J
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets operated in an ambient environment are known to generate a rich mixture of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, collectively referred to as RONS. At the cellular level, RONS have been linked to well-established signaling pathways that are important in tackling disease. However, there are still major gaps in our knowledge of which RONS (speciation, dose, and depth) are delivered by plasma into tissue; and following on from this, how we can control the plasma to deliver RONS effectively and safely into tissue. The purpose of this topical review is to highlight the research achievements that have helped improve our understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms underpinning the plasma jet production of RONS and how to control their delivery into biological systems. The review also identifies new research ideas to address gaps in our knowledge (of RONS generation and delivery) to tailor the next generation of plasma jets to deliver RONS into human tissue with the precision needed to realize the full clinical potential of the technology. Completing these gaps in our knowledge is vital for the future development of medical plasma technologies; and will improve the possibility of developing optimal plasma technologies and protocols tailored specifically for the requirements of each patient.
Role of surface discharge dynamics in the generation of electrohydrodynamic force: toward performance improvement of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Ohnishi Naofumi
Published: February 2025

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are devices that actively control the airflow using nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas, showing promise for practical applications in the field of aerospace engineering. Numerous studies have revealed the dynamics of surface discharge and the process of generating electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force in detail. The performance of DBD plasma actuators has improved continuously over the past 20 years. However, there is a need for further improvement in EHD force generation to enable the practical applications of DBD plasma actuators. In this review, we provide insights that contribute to the development of a high-performance DBD plasma actuator by reviewing previous studies focused on revealing the surface discharge and EHD force generation processes. The foundations of the discharge process in DBD plasma actuators are briefly described from the perspectives of experiments and numerical simulations. We also reviewed various strategies for improving EHD force generation by optimizing the geometric structure and the applied voltage waveform as well as by controlling the surface charge accumulation. Improving EHD force generation and its efficiency is a fundamental research area to realize the practical applications of a novel active airflow control device that uses nonequilibrium plasmas.
Two-step growth procedure for homogeneous GaN NW arrays on graphene
Authors: Tamsaout Dyhia , Cambril Edmond , Travers Laurent , Madouri Ali , Gogneau Noëlle , Tchernycheva Maria , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Largeau Ludovic
Published: February 2025

Growth of GaN nanowires (NWs) on graphene substrates is carried out by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We test a two-step growth procedure consisting of a first stage at relatively low temperature followed by a second stage at higher temperature. We investigate the impact of this process on the usually long incubation time which precedes the first GaN nucleation events on graphene. We also examine how the selectivity of growth between graphene and the surrounding SiO2 surface is affected. After optimization of this procedure, it is applied to the growth of GaN NWs on a graphene layer patterned by electron beam lithography. A clear advantage of the two-step growth is observed in terms of reduction of the incubation time and improvement of height uniformity.
Unravelling the dynamics of coated nanobubbles and low frequency ultrasound using the Blake threshold and modified surface tension model
Authors: Mezdrokhin Ilia , Ilovitsh Tali
Published: February 2025

Objective. To develop a model that accurately describes the behavior of nanobubbles (NBs) under low-frequency ultrasound (US) insonation (<250 kHz), addressing the limitations of existing numerical models, such as the Marmottant model and Blake’s Threshold model, in predicting NB behavior. Approach. A modified surface tension model, derived from empirical data, was introduced to capture the surface tension behavior of NBs as a function of bubble radius. This model was integrated into the Marmottant framework and combined with the Blake threshold to predict cavitation thresholds at low pressures, providing a comprehensive approach to understanding NB dynamics. Main results. Experimentally, inertial cavitation for NBs with a radius of 85 nm was observed at peak negative pressures of 200 kPa at 80 kHz and 1000 kPa at 250 kHz. The Marmottant model significantly overestimated these thresholds (1600 kPa). The modified surface tension model improved predictions at 250 kHz, while combining it with the Blake threshold accurately aligned cavitation thresholds at both frequencies (∼150 kPa at low pressures) with experimental results. Significance. This work bridges a critical gap in understanding the acoustic behavior of NBs at low US frequencies and offers a new theoretical framework for predicting cavitation thresholds of NBs at low US frequencies, advancing their application in biomedical US technologies.
Collimated γ-ray emission enabled by efficient direct laser acceleration
Authors: Tangtartharakul K , Fauvel G , Meir T , Condamine F P , Weber S , Pomerantz I , Manuel M , Arefiev A
Published: February 2025

We investigate the mechanisms responsible for single-lobed versus double-lobed angular distributions of emitted γ-rays in laser-irradiated plasmas, focusing on how direct laser acceleration (DLA) shapes the emission profile. Using test-particle calculations, we show that the efficiency of DLA plays a central role. In the inefficient DLA regime, electrons rapidly gain and lose energy within a single laser cycle, resulting in a double-lobed emission profile heavily influenced by laser fields. In contrast, in the efficient DLA regime, electrons steadily accumulate energy over multiple laser cycles, achieving much higher energies and emitting orders of magnitude more energy. This emission is intensely collimated and results in single-lobed profiles dominated by quasi-static azimuthal magnetic fields in the plasma. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that lower-density targets create favorable conditions for some electrons to enter the efficient DLA regime. These electrons can dominate the emission, transforming the overall profile from double-lobed to single-lobed, even though inefficient DLA electrons remain present. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing laser-driven γ-ray sources for applications requiring high-intensity, well-collimated beams.
Multi-colour cascaded wave-mixing for studying atomic and molecular dynamics
Authors: Chintalwad S , Chau Thong , Dao Lap Van
Published: February 2025

One of the specialized spectroscopic techniques used to analyze the interaction of a light field with a target atom or molecule is nonlinear four-wave mixing in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region. In this paper, we investigate the fundamental interaction of atomic argon and molecular nitrogen gases with a light field in the perturbative nonlinear regime by cascading high-order harmonic generation (HHG) radiation with a multi-color laser. We optimize the phase-matching of collinear, multiple-cycle laser pulses with incommensurate frequencies (800 nm, 1400 nm and 560 nm) in third-order nonlinear wave-mixing with HHG-XUV radiation. Using a single-gas-cell interaction chamber, we reveal the electron wave packet dynamics in atomic and molecular systems by examining the time-dependent spectral features of the wave-mixing field, including intensity and frequency modulation patterns. This simple experimental setup presents a novel spectroscopy technique that can provide deeper insights into target systems, and potentially more complex molecular gases, involving multi-electron interaction regimes.
Thermally tunable metasurface for phase dynamic controlling of terahertz wave
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Li Yan , Cheng Kaixiang , Deng Duo , Wang Xiaosai , Liu Yi
Published: February 2025

Metasurface, spatiotemporal metasurface and tunable metasurface have attracted more and more attention in the fields of communication, polarization image and terahertz detection. Numerous tunable metasurfaces have been proposed recently for generating a diverse array of applications. However, many proposed tunable metasurfaces have been limited to a single state switching function, which has severely hampered their development. In this paper, eight meta-atoms were designed by employing the InSb, that dielectric constant could be modulated by temperature. Consequently, the phase delay of the meta-atoms is various under different temperature. Thus, two thermally tunable metasurfaces were proposed. At 260 K, the InSb-based dynamic vortex beam generator can generate a vortex beam with topological charge of l = 1 at 2.25 THz. Correspondingly, at 180 K, the metasurface exhibits a phase coverage of 4π and the topological charge of generated beam is converted from l = 1 to l = 2. With decreasing of the temperature, the phase gradient between the proposed meta-atom increases. Therefore, a phase gradient metasurface was proposed to generate light beam with adjustable direction. This proposed metasurface could provide a valuable scheme for developing tunable devices and terahertz metasurfaces.
Properties of liquid phase deposited aluminium oxide thin film on black silicon fabricated by aluminium-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Omotayo Suleman Kazim , Burhan Nuranis Liyana Muhamad , Mohd Rashid Mohd Marzaini , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir
Published: February 2025

This work studies the antireflection properties of liquid phase deposited aluminium oxide (LPD-Al2O3) thin film on black silicon (b-Si) fabricated by aluminium-assisted chemical etching (AACE). The morphological and optical characteristics of the LPD-Al2O3 are subsequently illustrated. The weighted average reflection (

R

avg

%) of mono c-Si is reduced from 44.9% to 33.7% (within 300–1100 nm wavelength region) after the deposition of the LPD-Al2O3. Alternatively, the

R

avg

of b-Si is reduced from 9.4% to 7.6% when deposited with LPD-Al2O3. Based on the absorption result, potential

J

sc
(
max
)

for the planar c-Si is shown to increase from 22.5 mA cm−2 to 26.3 mA cm−2 after the deposition of LPD-Al2O3. Besides, the calculated potential

J

sc
(
max
)

for the b-Si increased from 35.5 mA cm−2 to 36.2 mA cm−2 after the deposition of the LPD-Al2O3.
Evaluation of radiation shielding characteristics of B4C, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and their composites
Authors: Reda A M , Alazouny A S , Abu-Elsaad N I
Published: February 2025

The growing use of nuclear radiation and the harmful effects of radiation exposure underscore the need for continued research into materials for radiation shielding. In the current study, shielding features of B4C, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and their composites (xB4C/yFe2O3/zAl2O3, x:y:z = 1:1:1, 3:4:3, and 3:3:4 wt%) were evaluated. The samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The gamma shielding parameters for the samples were determined using the Phy-X/PSD program. The results indicate that the sample S2 (Fe2O3) has a higher capacity to absorb γ-rays than the other analyzed samples. This is also supported by the notably lower mean free path and half-value layer values for S2 compared to the other samples. The experimental values of MAC for bulk and nano-samples at energy 0.662 MeV emitted from 137Cs isotope have been compared. Additionally, sample S1 (B4C) demonstrates significantly higher fast neutron attenuation than the other samples with a removal attenuation coefficient of 0.095 cm−1. Moreover, Thermal neutron scattering cross-sections of prepared samples were calculated for neutron energy of 0.025 eV with a neutron flux of 108 n/cm2/s. Therefore, the study found that thickness 1 mm of S1 sample prevented 67% of the incident neutrons, while thickness 2 mm was able to prevent almost all neutrons, which indicates that S1 sample is better compared to the other investigated samples. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the composites S4, S5, and S6 are highly efficient in shielding both gamma rays and neutrons.
Observation of doubled edge states in extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger electric circuits with long-range coupling interactions
Authors: Yin Qihua , Li Haopeng , Jiang Kuncheng , Guo Shengqun , Huang Ruimin , Qiu Weibin
Published: February 2025

In this work, we construct extended SSH(eSSH) circuit models with long-range coupling. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, we verify that the eSSH model with long-range coupling interactions has additional quantized winding number equal to two and contains two edge states at each side. We further discuss the existence of edge states for different lattice-hopping scenarios. Our work not only substantiates the existence of doubled edge states in eSSH circuits, but also enriches the study of circuit systems for long-range coupling.
Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of novel antibacterial Ti-25Nb-xCu for dental implant
Authors: Annur Dhyah , Bilbusyra Syafian Falih , Nuraini Lutviasari , Sutowo Cahya , Senopati Galih , Gusnaniar Niar , Widiyarti Galuh , Prajatelistiya Ekavianty , Thaha Yudi Nugraha
Published: February 2025

The growing demand for innovative metallic biomaterials for replacing and repairing dental tissue has increased due to the increasing number of people in the aging population and the expectation for an improved quality of life. In this study, a series of novel Ti-25Nb-xCu (25 and x = 3, 6, and 9, are in wt%) alloys were fabricated by powder metallurgy processing in an argon atmosphere. The Nb content was fixed at 25 wt%, while the Cu content was varied. The sintering temperature was 1300 °C, and the holding time was 4 h. Physical characterization, microstructure, mechanical (hardness) properties, and corrosion behavior were observed. The microstructure of the Ti-25Nb-xCu alloys consists of α-Ti, β-Ti phases, and the precipitation of Ti2Cu. The lower content of Cu (Ti-25Nb-3Cu) would have a lamellar structure, while the higher content of Cu (Ti-25Nb-6Cu and Ti-25Nb-9Cu) would have a more equiaxed structure. The increasing percentage of Cu would increase the mechanical properties. As for the corrosion behavior, adding Cu did not significantly affect the corrosion resistance, but Ti-25Nb-6Cu was shown to have the highest corrosion resistance. Furthermore, Ti-25Nb-6Cu exhibited higher antibacterial performance. Therefore, Ti-25Nb-6Cu was shown to be a promising material for dental implants.
Disformal gravitational waves
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Roussille Hugo
Published: February 2025

Contrary to conformal transformations, disformal transformations can change the principal null directions of a spacetime geometry. Thus, depending on the frame a gravitational wave (GW) detector minimally couples to, the properties of GWs may change under a disformal transformation. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions which determine whether GWs change under disformal transformations or not. Our argument is coordinate-independent and can be applied to any spacetime geometry at the fully non-linear level. As an example, we show that an exact radiative solution of massless Einstein-scalar gravity which admits only shear-free parallel transported frame is mapped to a disformed geometry which does not possess any shear-free parallel transported frame. This radiative geometry and its disformed counterpart provide a concrete example of the possibility to generate tensorial GWs from a disformal transformation at the fully non-linear level. This type of non-linear effect can be completely overlooked in the usual linear perturbation theory.
Full next-to-leading order calculations to Dark matter pair production in the Leptoquark plus Dark matter model
Authors: He dazhuang , Zhang Yu , Sun Hao
Published: February 2025

The processes involving leptons plus missing energy (and jets) at lepton colliders (electron-positron and muon colliders) are studied within the Leptoquarks+dark matter\red{(DM)} model.We calculate the full next-to-leading order(NLO) corrections including QCD, EW and ISR for heavy DM pair production, then the heavy DM cascade decay to \red{a} stable DM and SM fermions.Large logarithmic effects due to collinear ISR and EW virtual corrections are emphasized.Additionally, we emphasize that NLO corrections become increasingly significant with higher $\sqrt{s}$.However, for larger NLO corrections in high $\sqrt{s}$, the EW corrections are dominate instead of the QCD corrections. The significance of the signals can be enhanced by applying a series of kinematic cuts. By implementing the NLO corrections factor, the significance of signals processes could further improved by about 40\% and 20\% \red{for $\chi_0 b \nu_{\tau}$ and $\chi_0 c \tau$ channels}, at 10 TeV muon collider.
Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
Authors: Bryant J. , McKay K. , Harrison J.R. , Moulton D. , Verhaegh K. , Cowley C. , Bergmayr R.C. , Fantz U. , Wünderlich D.
Published: February 2025

Presently, SOLPS-ITER does not replicate the levels of plasma-molecular interactions seen during deep detachment on the Super-X divertors of MAST-Upgrade and TCV. At low temperatures (

T

e

<
1

eV

) relevant to deep detachment, the AMJUEL reaction database contains discrepancies for detachment relevant molecular processes. In order to correct this the vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H
2 (Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

) has been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

model effective rate coefficients for these molecular processes. Reduced and extended implementations of Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

were constructed to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange (MCX) compared to AMJUEL, whilst the inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for MCX to be significant at low temperatures (

T

e

<
5

eV

). When applied to a SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of MCX that result in elevated molecular ion densities (

D

2

+

) than the default rate setup. The higher levels of

D

2

+

contribute to detachment via increased levels of Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest when the extended database is used.
Time-resolved, physics-informed neural networks for tokamak total emission reconstruction and modelling
Authors: Rossi R. , Murari A. , Craciunescu T. , Wyss I. , Mazon D. , Pau A. , Costantini A. , Gelfusa M. ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: February 2025

Diagnostics play a pivotal role in nuclear fusion experimental reactors, supporting physical studies, modelling, and plasma control. However, most diagnostics provide limited and partial information about the plasma’s status. For instance, magnetic probes measure only external magnetic fields, while interferometers, polarimeters, and bolometers deliver line-integrated measurements, necessitating specific inversion algorithms to extract local information. In the case of bolometers, tomographic inversions are particularly complex due to the variety of radiative patterns observed, with regularization equations often only weakly approximating the intricate physics involved. To address these challenges, it is essential to develop innovative algorithms that enhance the accuracy of the inversion processes, thereby ensuring reliable results for physics understanding, modelling, and plasma control. This work introduces new methodologies based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to perform time-resolved emission tomography from bolometer data. These methodologies are first evaluated using synthetic cases (phantoms) and compared with one of the most advanced tomographic inversion techniques in the literature. Subsequently, they are applied to reconstruct specific radiative anomalies, such as Edge Localized Modes, Multifaceted Asymmetric Radiation from the Edge, and excessive core radiation leading to temperature hollowness at the Joint European Torus. The study demonstrates that PINNs not only enhance the overall accuracy of tomographic inversions but also offer advanced capabilities like super-resolution, data projection, and self-modelling. These features make time-resolved PINNs a valuable tool for analysing radiative patterns in transient phenomena. Although this work only considers tomography, the technology is perfectly suited to tackle any kind of inverse problem and can therefore provide significant benefits for both research and practical applications in nuclear fusion.
Preparation and Thermal Aging Properties of Nano-Modified Alkylbenzene Insulating Oil
Authors: Liao Jianping , Yang Huo , Liu Zhifeng , Gao Fan , Xu Yongye , Zhu Zhiping
Published: February 2025

The implementation of submarine cables is more and more widespread with the rapid economic development of the island economy. Insulating oil is one of the core materials of submarine cables, but domestic alkylbenzene insulating oil is limited to 220 kV, the alkylbenzene insulating oil used for the ultra-high voltage submarine cables above 500 kV is imported. In order to replace imported oil, nano-modified alkylbenzene insulating oil was prepared by modifying SiO2 nanoparticles with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in this study. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal aging properties of this oil and imported T3788 oil. The results show that the nano-modified insulating oil has a lower acid number, dielectric loss factor after aging, and the decrease of interfacial tension is the smallest. This indicates that the heat aging resistance of nano-modified insulating oil is stronger than that of imported T3788 oil, which offers a new reference for the selection of insulating oil for submarine cables in the future.
Effect of Oblique Laser Shock Peening on Fretting Fatigue of FGH95 Powder Superalloy
Authors: Qu Xiangming , Wang Wenjun , Zhao Yanyun , Cao Jun , Zhu Haiyan , Guo Xiaojun , Wang Xu , Zhang Yongkang
Published: February 2025

Due to the high-frequency vibration contact of blade tenon, the contact surface of the mortise surface of the turbine disk is prone to fretting wear and fatigue fracture. The effects of shock times of Oblique Laser Shock Peening (LSP) and temperature on the fretting fatigue properties were studied. The fretting fatigue life of Oblique LSP treated samples at room temperature could be increased by 103.0%; At high temperatures, the fretting fatigue life could be increased by 68.5%. Through the analysis of fracture morphology, the fracture developing zone of fretting fatigue and tensile fatigue samples were compared. It is revealed that the wear in the transverse contact pads would promote the initiation of fatigue cracks; Due to the compressive force of the transverse contact pads, the degree of plastic deformation of the fretting specimens would increase, the quasi-cleavage facets appeared, and the tear ridge characteristics were obvious. The results of this paper provide a reference for the Oblique LSP of the FGH95 powder superalloy turbine disk and other aero-engine parts.
Preparation of Amphiphilic Biosilica for Oil Recovery Enhancement
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Liu Hua , Bi Longxue , Liu Wenlin , Sheng Li
Published: February 2025

SiO2 nanofluid is frequently employed to enhance the extraction of crude oil. The enhancement of the stability of nano-sized SiO2 and its affinity for oil droplets is crucial to the advancement of this technology. By using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a polypeptide-containing triblock copolymer of poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (L-lysine)-b-poly (styrene) (PEG-b-PLL-b-PS) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC. After a mild biomimetic synthesis process, the amphiphilic biosilica particles were successfully prepared. The oil displacement efficiency of the resultant SiO2 nanofluid can exceed 65%.
Study on the Properties and Strengthening Treatment of Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Liu Ting , Yan Xiaohui , Zhang Bei
Published: February 2025

Concrete material is the basic material of infrastructure construction, and its dosage is quite large. With the development of society, environmental protection, energy saving, resource recycling, and recycling have aroused people’s great attention. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recycling of building material resources. Based on the research status of recycled coarse aggregate concrete at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the quality evaluation and grade classification of recycled coarse aggregate, physical strengthening, chemical strengthening, microbial sedimentation and other methods to improve the performance of recycled coarse aggregate, and analyzes the existing problems and further research content.
Preparation and Properties of Functionally Graded Lightweight High Insulation Materials
Authors: Wei Xiaoxing , Lu Wenhao , Li Xingdou , Huang Zhixiong , Liu Hechen , Zhang Jinyin , Xiao Xiang , Li Le
Published: February 2025

In this study, functional gradient epoxy resin /high-performance composite foam was prepared, and its properties and structural characteristics were studied. By changing the ratio of epoxy resin and high-performance composite materials, the layered control of material density and structure was achieved during the preparation process, thereby achieving optimization of material performance. The results show that the prepared lightweight composite foam based on functionally graded epoxy resin has high strength, high modulus, low density, and excellent energy absorption properties. Through the analysis of the water diffusion leakage current experiment and partial discharge experiment, it is proved that the material has excellent structural characteristics, such as a layered structure. In addition, the effects of functional gradient changes of different types and contents on material properties and structures were also studied, and it was found that appropriate changes can significantly improve material properties and structures. This study may provide a theoretical and practical basis for the research and development of more excellent lightweight composite materials.
Research and Engineering Application on Impact and Abrasion Resistance of CW Elastic Epoxy Mortar
Authors: Zhang Liang , Shao Xiaomei , Li Faquan
Published: February 2025

Using epoxy mortar for coating protection is one of the effective ways to improve the impact and abrasion resistance of hydraulic structures. For the sake of improving the impact and abrasion resistance of ordinary epoxy mortar, high-toughness epoxy resin, low-exothermic curing agent, graded fillers, and other raw materials were used to prepare CW elastic epoxy mortar and the mechanical properties of elastic epoxy mortar were compared with other epoxy mortars. Moreover, the structural characteristics of elastic epoxy mortar were analyzed using SEM, and the engineering application cases of the material were introduced. Verified by the practical results, CW elastic epoxy mortar has an excellent performance in impact and abrasion-resistant protection for large-flow and high-water head structures such as stilling basins and plunge pools and has good application prospects.
Analysis and Suggestion on the Abnormal Concentrations in Influent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the South
Authors: Wang Xiaojiang , Lin Wu , Wang Weimian , Luo Sushuang , Li Fangling , Liu Yang , Han Qi
Published: February 2025

To address the issue of abnormal influent concentration at a wastewater treatment plant in the southern region, this study established 4 key monitoring points along the influent pipeline network. Over a specific period, 12 water quality monitoring activities were carried out to assess the variations in water quality throughout the sewer network, identify the factors contributing to abnormal influent concentration, and propose mitigation measures for the plant. The results revealed that the primary contributors to excessive concentration at the plant were COD and total nitrogen, with the most significant points of excess being #2 and #4. These areas, located in close proximity to the main excessive points, were densely populated by industrial establishments, particularly in sectors such as electronic circuit manufacturing, metal surface treatment, and PCB production, which may present risks of inadequate treatment or unauthorized discharge. Recommendations included optimizing operational parameters at the wastewater treatment plant, enhancing the source-to-sewer rainwater diversion network by the water department, and implementing improved early warning, forecasting, and source tracking measures by the environmental protection department to ensure overall enhancement of the water quality in the city.
Study on the Coupling and Coordination Relationship between Ecological Services and Community Development in Nature Reserves
Authors: Xu Dongping , Tong Yao , Lu Qiuling , Tian Liang
Published: February 2025

Starting from the perspective of the harmonious coexistence of man and land, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system of coupling coordination, study the coupling coordination relationship of “ecological service-community development” in nature reserves, and analyze the driving factors affecting the coupling coordination relationship. The study shows that: (1) the coupling degree indicates that the “ecological service-community development” of the nature reserves in the case shows a high level of coupling, and the main factors affecting the coupling state are mainly the sub-indicators of the ecological service system. (2) The degree of coordination shows significant differences in the degree of coordination of the nature reserves. The driving factors of protected areas in different coordinated development states are different, the driving factors of highly coordinated protected areas are mainly the proportion of tourism and the degree of spatial aggregation of the community; the driving factors of moderately coordinated nature reserves are mainly the proportion of tourism and the abundance of green tourism resources; and the driving factors of lowly coordinated nature reserves are mainly the degree of aggregation of the community and the average elevation. (3) The results of the synergistic effect show that only Yinghu Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is the leading type of “community development”; the leading type of “ecological service” mainly includes Micangshan National Nature Reserve and Nangongshan National Geopark; The “synchronized development” type is mainly Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserves, Shiquan Yanxiang Cave Geopark and Liping National Forest Park.
Study on the Treatment Efficiency of Micro-Polluted River Water by Using Fluid Mechanics and Wave Propagation Characteristics
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Siyang , Xu Shuo , Chen Lizhu , Li Xuejiao , Liu Hongxu
Published: February 2025

This study designed an innovative algorithm based on fluid mechanics and combined it with model simulation to systematically analyze the treatment effect of micro-polluted river water. By constructing a mathematical model of water flow motion, key fluid mechanics characteristics such as energy attenuation and wave velocity change during wave propagation are accurately captured. The removal efficiency of micro-pollutants under different fluid conditions is quantitatively analyzed, further revealing the role of wave propagation characteristics in promoting treatment efficiency. During the simulation process, the system was operated under a variety of boundary conditions and parameter settings to obtain the treatment effect under different working conditions. The results show that the algorithm effectively improves the removal rate of harmful substances in micro-polluted river water under the condition of fine control of fluid mechanics parameters, especially under high-frequency wave propagation conditions, the treatment efficiency is significantly improved, and the removal rate can reach more than 85%. This paper also provides accurate data analysis, including pressure changes, velocity distribution, and energy conversion efficiency during wave propagation, which verifies the reliability of the algorithm and the practical application potential of the model.
Quantum simulation for time-dependent Hamiltonians – with applications to non-autonomous ordinary and partial differential equations
Authors: Cao Yu , Jin Shi , Liu Nana
Published: February 2025

Non-autonomous dynamical systems appear in a very wide range of interesting applications, both in classical and quantum dynamics, where in the latter case, it corresponds to having a time-dependent Hamiltonian. Designing quantum algorithms for time-dependent Hamiltonian is generally much more complicated than time-independent Hamiltonian problems, due to the challenge in handling the time-ordering; moreover, almost all existing such algorithms are developed for qubit-based quantum devices.Here we propose an alternative formalism based on Sambe-Howland's clock that turns any non-autonomous unitary dynamical system into an autonomous unitary system, i.e., quantum system with a time-independent Hamiltonian, in one higher dimension, while keeping time continuous. This makes the simulation with time-dependent Hamiltonians not much more difficult than that of time-independent Hamiltonians, and can also be framed in terms of an analogue quantum system evolving continuously in time. We show how our new quantum protocol for time-dependent Hamiltonians can be performed in a resource-efficient way and without measurements, and can be made possible on either continuous-variable, qubit or hybrid systems. Combined with a technique called Schrodingerisation, this dilation technique can be applied to the quantum simulation of any linear ODEs and PDEs, and nonlinear ODEs and certain nonlinear PDEs, with time-dependent coefficients.
Certifying measurement incompatibility in prepare-and-measure and Bell scenarios
Authors: Egelhaaf Sophie , Pauwels Jef , Quintino Marco Túlio , Uola Roope
Published: February 2025

We consider the problem of certifying measurement incompatibility in a prepare-and-measure (PM) scenario. We present different families of sets of qubit measurements which are incompatible, but cannot lead to any quantum over classical advantage in PM scenarios. Our examples are obtained via a general theorem which proves a set of qubit dichotomic measurements can have their incompatibility certified in a PM scenario if and only if their incompatibility can be certified in a bipartite Bell scenario where the parties share a maximally entangled state. Our framework naturally suggests a hierarchy of increasingly stronger notions of incompatibility, in which more power is given to the classical simulation by increasing its dimensionality. For qubits, we give an example of measurements whose incompatibility can be certified against trit simulations, which we show is the strongest possible notion for qubits in this framework.
Short-time large deviations of first-passage functionals for high-order stochastic processes
Authors: Tian Lulu , Chen Hanshuang , Li Guofeng
Published: February 2025

We consider high-order stochastic processes x(t) described by the Langevin equation

d
m

x

(
t
)

d

t

m

=

2
D

ξ
(
t
)

, where

ξ
(
t
)

is a delta-correlated Gaussian noise with zero mean, and D is the strength of noise. We focus on the short-time statistics of the first-passage functionals

A
=

∫

0

T

[
x
(
t
)
]

n

d
t

along the trajectories starting from

x
(
0
)
=
L

and terminating whenever passing through the origin for the first-time at t = T. Using the optimal fluctuation method, we analytically obtain the most likely realizations of the first-passage processes for a given constraint A with n = 0 and 1, corresponding to the first-passage time itself and the area swept by the first-passage trajectory, respectively. The tail of the distribution of A shows an essential singularity at A → 0,

P

m
,
n

(
A

|

L
)
∼
exp
⁡
(
−

α

m
,
n

L

2
m
n
−
n
+
2

D

A

2
m
−
1

)

, where the explicit expressions for the exponents

α

m
,
0

and

α

m
,
1

for arbitrary m are obtained.
Semi-classical limit of the Dirac equation in curved space and applications to strained and photonic graphene
Authors: Fillion-Gourdeau Francois , Lorin Emmanuel , MacLean Steve , Yang Xu
Published: February 2025

The semi-classical regime of static Dirac matter is derived from the Dirac equation in curved space-time. The leading- and next-to-leading-order contributions to the semi-classical approximation are evaluated. While the leading-order yields classical equations of motion with relativistic Lorentz and a geometric forces related to space curvature, the next-to-leading-order gives a transport-like equation with source terms. We apply the proposed strategy to the simulation of electron propagation on strained graphene surfaces, as well as to the dynamics of edge states in photonic graphene.
Effect of purple sweet potato paste (Ipomoea batatas L.) addition on yoghurt quality
Authors: Julianti Elisa , Nurminah Mimi , Nathania Beatrice
Published: February 2025

The Ayamurasaki variety of purple sweet potato is one of the sweet potato cultivars that are widely grown in Indonesia. Purple sweet potato is known to contain non digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) that can act as prebiotics for the development of probiotic in yoghurt making. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of adding purple sweet potato paste on the physical, chemical, sensory quality, and growth of lactic acid bacteria in yoghurt. The model used in this study was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with single factor of purple sweet potato paste addition. Parameters observed were viscosity, pH, total titratable acid as lactic acid, anthocyanin content, total sugar, color index (°Hue), total lactic acid bacteria, antioxidant activity (% Inhibition), and organoleptic by hedonic value of color, aroma, taste, viscosity, and general acceptance. The results showed that the paste addition had a highly significant effect (P < 0,01) on the viscosity, pH, total acid, anthocyanin content, color (°Hue), total lactic acid bacteria, organoleptic by hedonic value of color, aroma, viscosity, and general acceptance of yoghurt.
Quality analysis of soap noodles from palm fatty acid distillate-refined bleached deodorized palm stearin blend
Authors: Yudiansyah Muhammad Ravi , Hasibuan Rosdanelli , Tambun Rondang
Published: February 2025

Soap noodles are a raw material for making soap and are produced through saponification of vegetable oil. Soap noodles have a cylindrical shape with white to-cream color and a melting point of 70-80 °C. The production of soap noodles can be done by mixing two types of ingredients called oil blends. An oil blend is a mixture of fats or oils in specific ratios. In this research, soap noodles were made by mixing PFAD and RBDPS to reduce the use of RBDPS, considering that the price of RBPDS is relatively high. The quality of obtained soap noodles was evaluated and compared to PT. X standard, as one of the soap noodles producers located in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The PFAD:RBDPS ratios were 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10, with a total mass of mixture was 1,000 g and Total Fatty Matter (TFM) was 60%. The results showed that the best soap noodles that met the PT. X standard was obtained with PFAD:RBDPS ratio of 70:30, with moisture content of 23.48%, free alkali content of 0.32%, salt content of 0.99%, alcohol-insoluble matter of 7.08%, glycerol content of 3.04%, and TFM of 60.05%.
The influence of applying local wisdom in sustainable differentiation strategy to achieve competitive advantage in the tourism industry
Authors: Pratiwi Ratih , Muhtar  , Arilaha Muhammad Asril , Arafat  , Loppies Yerrynaldo
Published: February 2025

The tourism industry is one of the largest economic sectors in the world. As global competition increases, tourist destinations continue to seek sustainable differentiation strategies to attract more tourists and maintain a competitive advantage. In Indonesia, the tourism sector contributed 5.0% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2019 with its extraordinary cultural richness and natural diversity, but even so, Indonesia still faces challenges in utilizing local wisdom effectively to increase the competitiveness of tourist destinations. This research aims to investigate the role of local wisdom in forming a sustainable differentiation strategy to achieve a competitive advantage in the tourism industry. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a population consisting of tourist destination managers, local stakeholders and tourists. Sample selection used stratified random sampling with a sample size of 384 respondents. Data was collected through a structured survey and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationship between local wisdom, differentiation strategy and competitive advantage. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive relationship between local wisdom and differentiation strategy, which shows that utilizing local cultural elements will increase unique tourism offers. In addition, an effective differentiation strategy contributes significantly to achieving competitive advantages such as increased visitor satisfaction, loyalty, positive destination image, reputation and recommendations. This proves that integrating local wisdom into a differentiation strategy can increase the competitiveness and sustainability of tourism, so tourism managers need to integrate cultural heritage into strategic planning to differentiate their destinations effectively.
Optimizing natural resource utilization: A case of physical and monetary balance of pine resin in forest farmer group
Authors: Makkarennu  , Ruli Sastra Jassen , Irnasari
Published: February 2025

Pine resin is one of the non-timber forest products that has significant economic value and can contribute to the income of the community. The community utilizes pine resin by relying on pine trees that grow naturally on their land. One of the obstacles to the utilization of pine is the lack of information regarding the initial and final reserves of these NTFPs. This study is located in several villages in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and aims to determine the physical balance and monetary balance of pine resin natural resources by community groups. The research was conducted using physical balance analysis, which was conducted by calculating the amount of initial reserves, additions, and depletion of resources in kilograms, and monetary balance, calculated by converting physical reserves into rupiah currency value. The study results showed that the final reserve value in the physical balance sheet amounted to 70.189 kg, and the final reserve value in the monetary balance sheet reached IDR 2.185.769.200. The utilization of this pine resin resource shows the potential for significant depreciation if there is no addition to pine trees. Therefore, efforts are needed to maintain the sustainability of these resources through effective planning and management.
Regenerative agriculture based Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for soil health in arabica coffee in North Sumatra
Authors: Nora Silvia , Kuswardani Retna Astuti , Mawardi Surip , Novita Aisar
Published: February 2025

This study was learn for influence application agriculture regenerative based Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) on the soil health of Arabica coffee plants. The research location is in the highlands of the Lake Toba area, namely Karo Regency, Simalungun Regency, Dairi Regency and North Tapanuli Regency. The Arabica coffee plants selected are productive or mature plants that are managed by implementing regenerative agriculture in coffee cultivation according to GAP and not according to GAP. Data analysis uses cluster analysis, namely grouping objects with the same characteristics and PCA-biplot analysis. The study’s findings indicate that applying GAP-based regenerative agriculture to soil improves its nutritional content in terms of both total N and organic C, as well as the soil’s C/N ratio. Where the C/N ratio is 10.55 – 14.01. In general, the application of cultivation with GAP has been proven to increase soil fertility and soil health, thereby supporting vegetative growth, and has the potential to increase coffee plant production.
Plant therapy to improve mental health of older people in Nangbelawan Village, Karo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Barus Floren Br , Thamrin Husni , Putri Malida , Ritonga Fajar Utama , Suriadi Agus , Lubis Mia Aulina , Saragih Izzah Dienillah
Published: February 2025

This research examined the effect of plant therapy on the mental health of older people and to understand how gardening activities can improve their mental well-being in Nangbelawan Village, Karo Regency, Indonesia. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, involving in-depth interviews with the older people, village government, and direct observation of gardening activities. The results showed that gardening therapy helped the older people feel more active, energetic and satisfied with their crops. The activities reduced stress, depression andanxiety, and improvedsleep and social interaction. Respondents who engage in gardening therapy feel more connected to society and the environment. In conclusion, gardening therapy has significant benefits in improving the mental health of older people and can be an effective approach in supporting their well-being in Nangbelawan Village. Support from the village government and active participation of older people are also important factors in the success of this program.