bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusion of adaptive edge features and geometric features for building extraction from remote sensing images
Authors: Qin hongning , Li Zili
Published: October 2023

At present, most of the deep learning-based building extraction is based
on semantic segmentation,it is strongly influenced by the data scene, as
the geometric features of the building are not taken into account. The
traditional edge detection methods ignore the different effects of
different edge detection operators on images when processing remotely
sensed buildings.In order to extract buildings more effectively, we
propose a method for extracting buildings named fusion of adaptive edge
features and geometric features for building extraction from remote
sensing images. Firstly, calculate the final contribution of 5 common
operators to edge detection and perform edge enhancement by adaptively
determining the weight coefficients; Secondly,the processed image is
then texture smoothed using the RTV model; then this is followed by the
marking of the connected areas.Specific filters are constructed to
filter out non-building noise based on the geometric characteristics of
the building; Finally, hollow filled reserved area,a more accurate map
of the building results is generated. In this paper, six remote sensing
images of buildings situated in different landscapes were selected. The
experimental results show that the algorithm has advantages over
classical algorithms and deep learning algorithms.
Midlatitude Oceanic Fronts Strengthen the Moisture Transport from Anticyclones to Cyclones
Authors: Okajima Satoru , Nakamura Hisashi , Spengler Thomas
Published: October 2023

The Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension and Gulf Stream oceanic frontal zones
with sharp sea-surface temperature gradients are characterized by
enhanced activity of synoptic-scale cyclones and anticyclones and
vigorous air-sea exchange of heat and moisture in the cold season.
However, the air-sea exchanges attributed separately to cyclones and
anticyclones have not been assessed. Here we quantify cyclonic and
anticyclonic contributions around the oceanic frontal zones to surface
turbulent heat fluxes, precipitation, and the associated hydrological
cycle. The evaluation reveals that precipitation exceeds evaporation
climatologically within cyclonic domains while evaporation dominates
within anticyclonic domains. These features as well as the net moisture
transport from anticyclonic to cyclonic domains are all enhanced in the
presence of the frontal zones. Oceanic frontal zones thus
climatologically act to strengthen the hydrological cycle through
increasing low-level storm-track activity and specific humidity. These
findings aid our understanding of the relationship between midlatitude
air-sea interactions on synoptic- and longer-time scales.
Insulin Pump Utilization in 2017–2021 for More Than 22,000 Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Gandhi Kajal , Ebekozien Osagie , Noor Nudrat , J. McDonough Ryan , Hsieh Susan , Miyazaki Brian , Dei-Tutu Selorm , Golden Lauren , Desimone Marisa , Hardison Holly , Rompicherla Saketh , K. Akturk Halis , K. Kamboj Manmohan
Published: October 2023

This large type 1 diabetes cohort study showed that insulin pump utilization has increased over time and that use differs by sex, insurance type, and race/ethnicity. Insulin pump use was associated with more optimal A1C, increased use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and lower rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. People who used an insulin pump with CGM had lower rates of acute events than their counterparts who used an insulin pump without CGM. These findings highlight the need to improve access of diabetes technology through provider engagement, multidisciplinary approaches, and efforts to address health inequities.
No difference in short-term readmissions following day-case vs. one overnight stay in patients having hip and knee arthroplasty: a nationwide register study of 51,042 procedures from 2010–2020
Authors: Jensen Christian Bredgaard , Troelsen Anders , Foss Nicolai Bang , Nielsen Christian Skovgaard , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Gromov Kirill
Published: October 2023

Background and purpose: Day-case hip and knee arthroplasty has gained in popularity, but there are conflicting results regarding readmissions. We aimed to investigate differences in 30- and 90-day readmission rates between day-case patients and patients with a single overnight stay following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).Patients and methods: We identified day-case (DC) and overnight (ON) THA, TKA, and UKA patients, operated on between 2010 and 2020, from the Danish National Patient Register. Day-case surgery was defined as discharge on the day of surgery. Overnight readmissions within 30 or 90 days of surgery were considered readmissions. We compared readmission rates between DC and ON patients within arthroplasty types using logistic regression adjusted for patient characteristics and year of surgery. We included 29,486 THAs (1,353 DC and 28,133 ON), 15,116 TKAs (617 DC and 14,499 ON), and 6,440 UKAs (1,528 DC and 4,914 ON).Results: The 30-day readmission rates were: DC-THA 4.4% vs. ON-THA 4.4% (adjusted odds-ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.6), DC-TKA 4.7% vs. ON-TKA 4.4% (aOR 1.1, CI 0.69–1.5), and DC-UKA 3.0% vs. ON-UKA 3.0% (aOR 1.1, CI 0.78–1.5). Similarly, no significant differences were present between DC and ON THA, TKA, and UKA regarding 90-day readmissions or time to readmission.Conclusion: We found no differences in readmission rates between day-case THA, TKA, and UKA patients and patients with a single overnight stay.
Managing Maxillofacial Defects with Hollow Closed Bulb Obturator Prosthesis
Authors: Rimaoui Sanaa , Oujdad Soukaina , Bellemkhannate Samira
Published: October 2023

Maxillary resection surgery in response to tumour processes often results in loss of substance, leading to bucco-nasal or bucco-naso-sinus communication. The resulting consequences are significant, including difficulties with eating, with food and fluids leaking out, phonetic problems resulting in a nasal voice and incomprehensible speech. These problems are compounded by aesthetic problems such as sagging skin, asymmetry and facial disfigurement, particularly in cases where the facial tissues are affected.
This article describes the case of a patient with maxillary bone loss associated with a deficit of jugal covering tissues. We decided to fabricate a cast metal partial denture with a hollow obturator, and we will detail the steps involved in its fabrication and describe the impression techniques used. Given the absence of a mandibular prosthetic corridor, we will also describe our approach to rehabilitating the mandibular arch to prevent food and fluid spillage through the jugal gap. In this context, our main objective was to ensure a watertight seal to guarantee optimal function.
The role of Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy in improving the mastery of basic theoretical and clinical disciplines
Authors: Rohovyi Yu.Ye. , Bilo’okiy V.V. , Gerush O.V.
Published: October 2023

It is known that the levels of assimilation of educational material in the taxonomy differ depending on the type of learning goals: cognitive (knowledge), affective (value orientations) and psychomotor (motor skills). The above is a significant factor for the formation of awareness of the activity of a pharmacist in practice using an integrative approach to pathophysiology.Objective. To protect the position that the introduction of Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy technologies into the educational process will contribute to the improvement of the training of medical specialists and pharmacists and significantly refine the quality of mastering basic theoretical and clinical disciplines.Material and methods. To conduct an analysis of improving the quality of mastering basic theoretical and clinical disciplines by implementing Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy with consistent implementation at different levels of mastering cognitive (knowledge), affective (value orientations), and psychomotor (motor skills) learning goals.Results. The implementation of each educational goal takes place at different levels of their assimilation. So, for cognitive purposes, the levels of learning are as follows: 1 - knowledge, 2 - understanding, 3 - application, 4 - analysis, 5 - synthesis, 6 - evaluation, 7 - creativity. For affective purposes are: 1 - perception, 2 - response, 3 - assimilation of value orientations, 4-organization of value orientations, 5 - distribution of value orientations to activity. For psychomotor are as follows: 1- imitation, 2- reproduction of manipulations, 3- achievement of accuracy, 4 - combination, 5 - naturalization.Conclusions. The use of the technologies of Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive, emotional and psychomotor goals combined into a single entity makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of the educational process using the integrative principle pathophysiology, which will contribute to the effective implementation of a competent approach and comprehensively contribute to the formation of awareness of the activity of the doctor's and pharmacist in practice with improvement mastering basic theoretical and clinical disciplines.
Topographic features of the bone tissue quality of the frontal sinus walls in adults
Authors: Vasyliv M.A.L. , Masna Z.Z.
Published: October 2023

Relevance of the research. A necessary condition for adequate diagnosis of changes occurring in bone tissue under the influence of various factors is deep and perfect knowledge of its quality indicators in healthy individuals, with mandatory consideration of age and gender characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the regularities of the ratio of bone tissue density indicators of the frontal sinuses walls of different people sexes of mature age and to study the peculiarities of their age dynamics.Material and methods. The study was conducted by processing 40 series of archive anonymized computer tomography of 20 men and 20 women of mature age. The material for the study was obtained in the MC "Lithotripsy Center" (Lviv) on a Siemens SOMATOM GO.UP 32 (64) device (Germany). Bone density was determined on the inner and outer walls of the frontal sinus at the level of the brow ridges medially, laterally, and in the intermediate/middle area in Hounsfield units (HU). All statistical calculations were performed using BioStat LE 7.6.5 and IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software.Research results. The analysis of the density of bone tissue in different areas of the frontal sinuses’ walls of men and women of mature age proved that in all the examined sites, the studied indicator is higher in women than in men. Mostly, the outer wall of the frontal sinus has a greater density than the inner one (the exception is the medial section of the left frontal sinus). The density of the medial sections is higher than the lateral and intermediate sections (exceptions are the outer wall of the left frontal sinus of men after 35 years old and the outer wall of the right and left sinuses of women under the age 35).Conclusions. The density of bone tissue of the inner and outer walls of the frontal sinuses in the medial, intermediate, and lateral areas in women is higher than in men. In all the studied areas, the bone density indicators are asymmetric.
BREAST MILK FORTIFICATION FOR PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: Dobryanskyy D. , Menshykova A. , Pasichniuk I.
Published: October 2023

Mother’s own milk is the optimal food for infants. It is characterized not only by a unique balanced composition of nutrients, but also by essential biological properties, which is especially important for preterm infants. If there is no mother’s milk or it is amount is not enough to meet daily needs, it is recommended to use donor human milk (HM) instead. However, donor HM is commonly obtained from the women who delivered at term and often does not contain enough protein to promote proper growth of preterm infants. Whether donor milk or the mother’s own milk, human milk fortifi cation is essential to meet the nutrient needs for growth and development of these preterm infants, who are at high risk of growth retardation during hospital stay. There are several strategies and commercially available HM fortifi ers that can be used to maintain the desired growth rate. Standard HM fortifi cation, which is currently most commonly used in neonatal intensive care units, may not meet the increased protein needs of a signifi cant proportion of very low birth weight infants.Instead, individualized fortifi cation can optimize nutrient intake. It is possible to individualize the food supply with the help of regulated or targeted HM fortifi cation. The quality and origin of commercially available HM fortifi ers are also important. To implement an individualized approach to the fortifi cation of HM, the use of milk analyzers can be useful. However, the clinical benefi ts of individual approaches to breast milk fortifi cation and the use of diff erent commercially available HM fortifi ers remain largely unknown. This review presents the results of the most important studies that infl uence clinical practice and describes current approaches to HM fortifi cation with relevant practical recommendations.
RESULTS OF SURGICAL CORRECTION OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN ANORECTAL MALFORMATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Khamraev A. , Rakhmonov D. , Khamroev U.
Published: October 2023

The high frequency of postoperative complications (POС) in the anorectal zone remains an urgent problem of pediatric surgery.Satisfactory results after a single intervention are 50-80%. After the correction of anorectal postoperative malformation (APM),functional disorders of the sphincter apparatus of the rectum are observed in 30-60% of patients, which further leads to fecal incontinence (FI) and chronic constipation (CC). We retrospectively analyzed the causes of the most common recurrent pathological conditions in the anorectal zone in children as well as tactical approaches, methods of software correction, and considered ways to prevent them.The aim. The goal is to improve the results of surgical correction of postoperative complications (POC) in the anorectalzone in children.Material and methods. 78 patients with POC in the anorectal zone after primary and repeated correction of anorectalmalformations (ARM) were examined. 197 reconstructive operations were performed. The diagnostic algorithm consisted ofclinical, X-ray, laboratory examination, MRI and endoscopic examination methods.The study has been carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The research protocol wasapproved by the Local Ethics Committee (LEK) of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the children’s parentswas obtained for the research. The authors declare that there is no confl ict of interest.Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using standard methods with the calculation of the absolute numberof observations (n) and the percentage ratio (%).Results and discussion. The analysis of long-term results after the primary and repeated correction of the ARM showedthat unreliable primary diagnosis, inadequate preoperative preparation, and the choice of the operation method led to thedevelopment of postoperative anal sphincter insuffi ciency (PASI), which required a large number of repeated operations. Thecauses of complications were studied, errors were analyzed, indications, timing, accesses, volume and methods of repeatedsurgery were optimized. The optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to theimprovement in the results of treatment of PASI up to 85.3%.Conclusions: 1. Indications and the choice of method for repeated correction of pathological conditions in the anorectal zone inchildren are determined taking into account the degree of PNAS. 2. Analysis of the causes of errors, optimization of diagnostics, tactics of intraoperative surgical correction and postoperative preventive measures contribute to improving the results of treatment of children.3. Optimization of tactical approaches, methods of surgical and rehabilitation treatment led to an improvement in the resultsof treatment of PNAS up to 85.4%.
Lane Moore’s How to Be Alone: Deconstruction of Contemporary Identity
Authors: R. Alessa Maram , Al-Harby Nesreen
Published: October 2023

This study explores contemporary concepts of identity as a post-postmodernist perception in Lane Moore’s (2018) Memoir, How to Be Alone. The significance of this study is that it examines the impact of cyberculture on human connections and the role of technology in shaping human perception of identity and personhood. It also sheds light on the effects of the internet in creating new social phenomena like ghosting and allowing individuals to transgress social boundaries. The study assesses the representation of the self in the memoir and its effect on the reinforcement of the author’s voice. It reveals that How to Be Alone is a text that adheres to the post-trauma paradigm that integrates a narration based on resilience and humor. The study further concludes that Moore’s memoir endorses twenty-first-century generic conventions and signifies the importance of the memoir, as a genre, in forming individuals’ social and cultural features. The study employs cyber-criticism, post-trauma theory, and post-postmodernism to evaluate the text’s generic conventions and narrative techniques. It offers fundamental inquiries: It questions the integration of technological conventions into post-postmodernist societies and examines the effect of this incorporation. It also inquires about the evolution of trauma. Finally, it has queries concerning post-postmodernist ideals and their development in the 21st century.
Adopting Religious Course’s Translation in Colleges and Universities as an Essential part of English as a Foreign Language Syllabus for Enhancing English Language Learning
Authors: Alsir Abualgasim Mohamed Entesar
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to reveal the role of religious course translation in assisting students to gain professionality in producing well-formed syntactically, terminologically, and semantically English texts. Also, the paper is concerned with reflecting on the importance of including this course as a crucial part of English as a Foreign language syllabus in universities and colleges, explicitly rendering the Holy Quran, Hadiths of the prophet, and general religious texts. The study claimed that religious course translation is an effective tool and approach that helps L2 learners acquire English as a Foreign Language EFL/ESL. The researcher adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches for collecting and analyzing the data. For gathering the data, a questionnaire was conducted among undergraduate EFL/ESL students of level 8 at King Khalid University, Almajardah campus, during the academic year 2023-2024 (1444-1445H). Sixty-two students who studied Religious Course Translation (Eng3-330) in the first and second semesters participated in the study. The majority of the students show positive attitudes toward the effectiveness and appropriateness of the religious course translation as an essential method that helps them to understand some aspects of English as a foreign language, such as correct word order, sentences’ structures, new items of vocabulary, cultural issues, besides the style and genre, all of the mentioned essences helping them in improving their four language skills particularly, their communicative skills. Additionally, the findings confirm the significant role of this course in developing and promoting the students’ overall English language learning, resulting in acquiring English as a Forging Language EL/ESL. The findings of this study will be beneficial for instructors who teach English as a second language and for the syllabi designers.
Theoretical and legal issues of reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in national and world science
Authors: Medianyk I.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the theoretical and legal issues of reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in national and international science. The state and prospects for solving problematic issues regarding the reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in the works of domestic and foreign authors are analyzed. The foundations of the state policy of reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in Ukraine are determined, proposals for its improvement are formulated.

The main domestic and foreign works on the reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in their relationship are studied. The reintegration of Ukraine’s temporarily occupied and annexed territories is defined as a set of successive actions determined and implemented by public authorities with the support of international organizations and partner countries, with the aim of returning the temporarily occupied and annexed territories to the legal system based on the constitutional principles of unified sovereignty and territorial integrity, humanitarian association of citizens living in these territories, restoration of their rights and freedoms.

Arguments are given in favor of the existence of a state policy of reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories in Ukraine which needs constant improvement in accordance with the current political and legal situation. The importance of the institutional and administrative aspect of the reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories is proved, which is expressed in the effective activity of public authorities, in particular the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. It is proposed to create a state program for the reintegration of temporarily occupied and annexed territories as a logical continuation of the corresponding state policy, including taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries, an approximate structure of such a program is provided.
Access to justice in Canada: A noteworthy experience
Authors: Fuley T.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the Canadian experience regarding access to justice, i.e., the activities of the commissions of inquiry and the initiation of the nationwide dialog on rethinking the concept of access to justice.

It is indicated that access to justice is considered in Canada as one of the national priorities. Among the wide range of contributing factors, it is distinguished the activities of commissions of inquiry and the impact of their reports, a nationwide public debate, the legal problem surveys and researches, analysis of their data, the use of indicators to measure progress, etc.

It is noted that the independent commissions of inquiry can be understood as an established and effective mechanism used not only to investigate disasters or accusations of public figures (fact-finding inquiries), but also to comprehensively and impartially inquire into issues of public concern, make recommendations for the development of public policy and advise the government (policy-based inquiries); therefore, the reports of such commissions have a de facto significant impact on society and contribute to reforms; the best examples regarding access to justice are the Macdonald Report and the Abella Report. The contribution of judges to the commissions of inquiry is emphasized, given judge’ professional skills of independent and impartial consideration, assessing evidence, running a procedurally fair process, following procedural requirements, etc. The influence of the reports of the commissions of inquiry on the public discussion of the issue of access to justice is characterized.

It was analyzed that the public debate in Canada regarding access to justice was initiated at the end of 1990s. both at the provincial level and at the federal (nationwide) level, and was primarily concerned with rethinking the attitude to the concept of “access to justice”. It was emphasized that the Ukrainian translation of the term «access to justice» does not reflect all the nuances of the original. Since the concept of “access to justice” arose and developed in the English-speaking environment, where fairness (“equity”) and the system of laws in a country thatjudges and punishes people are denoted by the same word “justice”, therefore, “access to justice” refers primarily to fairness and not just to a court as a state institution. It is emphasized that although the concept of “people-centered justice” did not yet exist at that time, Canada put consideration of the individual and his or her legal problems at the heart of justice responses.
Democracy as an institute of people’s government: national and international experience
Authors: Bakun V.I.
Published: October 2023

The sovereign people exercise political power through their elected representatives. Democracy places the origin of political power in the collective will of citizens and is based on respect for their freedom and equality. It is clear that the exercise of political sovereignty in a democratic society requires that the people really consist of citizens. Democracy, as a political regime, requires that the people concerned consist of educated, autonomous, and free citizens, and that society be organized in a liberal way that allows for political pluralism through the possibility of free and open information and the existence of checks and balances. In a democratic society, citizenship is also a source of social ties.

This term is used today to refer to any political system in which the people are sovereign. Democracy can also describe a form of society, a way of governing itself adopted by an organization or a system of values.

Publicity consists in the fulfillment by the individual of his duties to the community in society. It implies devotion to public affairs, due to which everyone, claiming autonomy and freedom, believes that he should integrate into the national community and cooperate in public life. In a democratic society, power should be exercised for the people, that is, in their interests, in the common interests of the entire people, and not in the interests of dynasties, oligarchies or influential groups. On the basis of these foundations, democracy is carried out through the delegation of power to representatives of the people, elected by universal suffrage. Electoral right is a privileged instrument of exercising power by citizens. Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as «the government of the people by the people and for the people.» Thus, the governed are simultaneously rulers. The question is how, having delegated power to their representatives, can the people retain control?
Certain aspects of constitutional regulation of the right to entrepreneurial activity in Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and Ukraine
Authors: Parkhomenko N.M.
Published: October 2023

The article contains a comparative analysis of constitutional regulation of the right to entrepreneurial activity in Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary in part of general enshrinement of this right and foundations of state protection of competition within entrepreneurial activities, determination of common trends of such regulation and its comparison with Ukrainian one.

The comparative analysis indicates that in all the examined foreign countries (Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary) the right to entrepreneurial activity is directly constitutionalized. Although the ways of its enshrinement differ, there is similar prevailing approach of establishing the freedom of entrepreneurial activity and regulating its exercise subject to conditions/restrictions set by law. Similar approach towards general enshrinement of the right to entrepreneurial activity is also applied in Article 42(1) of the Constitution of Ukraine.

Another feature of the examined EU member states is the elevation of protection of competition within entrepreneurial activities to the constitutional level. This trend is common to all the examined countries. The level of detail inherent to provisions regarding protection of competition in the constitutions of Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary varies, however, their overall direction is similar. It comprises taking responsibilities on protection of competition by the state, followed by determination of specific ways of such protection. A specific feature of the Constitution of Poland is that it contains a provision that any monopoly shall be established by means of statute. Similar provision is in place in Article 42(3) of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that types and boundaries of monopoly shall be determined by law.

Based on the research results, it is concluded that, overall, trends and tendencies in regulating entrepreneurial activity in part of general enshrinement of the right to such activity and state protection of competition during its conduct, which are inherent in the constitutions of the examined EU member states, have been implemented in the Constitution of Ukraine.
The issue of determining the child’s place of residence after the parents’ divorce during martial law
Authors: Melnyk O.O.
Published: October 2023

Marriage is a family union of a woman and a man, registered in the state registry of civil status acts. Persons who have reached marriageable age have the right to marry. Marriage is based on the free consent of a woman and a man.

A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by a joint application of the spouses or one of them. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by a joint application of the spouses on the basis of a court decision. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution at the request of one of the spouses on the basis of a court decision in accordance with the Family Code of Ukraine.

A lawsuit for divorce can be filed by one of the spouses.

A couple with children has the right to file a divorce petition with the court together with a written agreement about which of them the children will live with, what participation in ensuring their living conditions will be taken by the parent who will live separately, as well as about the conditions for his exercise of the right to personal upbringing of children.

Termination of marital relations is a difficult process, which is greatly complicated if the spouses have joint minor children. The best option is when determining the child’s place of residence after the divorce takes place peacefully. That is, the mother and father agree among themselves who will live with the offspring. At the same time, the other parent takes a direct part in raising and caring for the son or daughter.

However, more often there are situations when the partners are unable to agree to sign a settlement agreement, according to Art. 160 of the Family Code. The time is coming for the worst option — solving the issue in court.

With the beginning of the full-scale invasion in Ukraine, the number of family disputes regarding the determination of the child’s place of residence increased significantly.

The forced migration of the population, which is one of the consequences of the war, and the stress experienced are destroying families. There are situations when parents cannot agree on the child’s place of residence.

Cases when one parent chooses a child are not unique. In this regard, the Human Rights Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine calls on parents to act primarily in the interests of children, taking into account the equal rights and responsibilities of the mother and father in relation to the child, and to resolve the issue of the child’s residence in accordance with the norms of current legislation.
Regarding the specifics of the definition of "medical insurance" and "insurance medicine" in the legal field
Authors: Svyatoshniuk A.L.
Published: October 2023

The use of the terms “health insurance” and “medical insurance” is quite widespread, sometimes without an understanding of the essential differences in terminological constructs. This vague usage is facilitated by the limited or absent (regarding health insurance) normative documents in which these categories would be treated as legal concepts. Confusion in understanding the concepts of medical insurance and health insurance generates a substitution of concepts and a shift of emphasis, where features characteristic of the public legal field are attributed to the private legal relationship of personal insurance. The article distinguishes between the concepts of “medical insurance” and “health insurance.” It highlights the existing problems of providing medical services based on insurance principles and concepts. The differences in the legal nature of the terminological constructs “medical insurance” and “health insurance” are analyzed The given definition of the “healthcare sphere” refers to a system of social relations that arise between government authorities and local self-government bodies, businesses, institutions, and organizations, as well as individuals and the population as a whole, concerning the prevention of illnesses, the preservation of health, the development of rehabilitation assistance, and the attainment of the highest possible level of physical and mental well-being in the human body. These social relations can be organized into a complex system of interactions based on the mechanism of medical insurance, which is subsequently referred to as “health insurance.” Therefore, we agree that “health insurance” is a term used to denote the organization of the healthcare sphere, and “medical insurance” is one of the mechanisms of such organization.
Modern trends in the process of individualization in the social and labor sphere
Authors: Kuchma O.
Published: October 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the processes of individualization in the social and labor sphere, which are an important aspect of the fair determination of the peculiarities of the legal status of a person. The article analyzes the modern transformational processes that are progressing and changes the accounting of the economy and society, the theoretical aspects of the essence, the consequences of the formation and development of the modern trend towards the formation of an individualized society in which social priority belongs to individualized individuals are considered.

Conducting a scientific study, the author found that during the spread of individualization processes, the dependence of a person on the social environment, social groups and rigid social circumstances is weakened. Social life is filled with opportunities for self-affirmation and self-realization, confirmation of the priority of individual interests. Individualized personality becomes more and more independent, original in behavior, thinking, priorities, values and way of life.

Covering more and more representatives of society, these processes affect all components of both the socio-economic sphere and the sphere of work. Under their influence, the content, structure and nature of social and labor relations changes: the flexibility of the labor market increases; there is a transformation of the sphere of employment, a change in its basic forms, types and content, new progressive technologies, primarily information and communication, are being intensively implemented; new models of working time organization are being formed at enterprises, institutions and organizations; the importance of the intellectual and creative component of work increases.

The conducted research convinces that the deployment of individualization processes in the social and labor sphere is an objective factor that, in order to achieve high standards of the quality of working life, must take into account not only the technological, economic, organizational, but also the social nature of work.

As a result of the study, it was concluded that the social and labor sphere, under the conditions of individualization of labor relations, faces problems and challenges that require updating and improving the legal framework for regulating the latest changes in the sphere of employment and working conditions, as well as finding mechanisms for ensuring social protection of workers employed in non-standard forms of work and whose work regimes are flexible.
Foreign experience of the legal regulation of compensation of moral damage to the employee
Authors: Porytska Y.M.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the issues related to the compensation of moral damages to the employee and the determination of the amount of moral damages in case of violation of the employee’s labor rights. The relevance of the research topic is justified by the fact that in modern conditions the institution of compensation for moral damage in labor law needs to be improved, in particular, in the part of the procedure for determining the amount of compensation. The institution of compensation for moral damage to the employee is widespread in the international community and in some foreign countries, which indicates the effectiveness of this institute in the regulation of labor relations. The article analyzes the provisions of the current labor legislation of Ukraine in the part of regulation of compensation for moral damage. The specifics of compensation for moral damage in labor law are also defined, which allow to partially distinguish the specified institution from the institution of moral damage in civil legislation. During the writing of the article, both general scientific methods and special-legal methods were used, in particular, the method of state-legal modeling, dialectical, formal-legal, systemic-structural, comparative-legal and other methods. The foreign experience of legal regulation of compensation for moral damage to the employee is summarized, as well as proposals for improving the labor legislation of Ukraine developed on its basis. In the process of writing the article, the legal framework and judicial practice regarding the compensation of moral damage to the employee of Austria, Great Britain, Germany, France, the United States of America and other foreign countries were investigated. The legal regulation of the definition of moral damage, the grounds and conditions of liability, the procedure for considering cases on determining the amount of compensation for moral damage to an employee as a result of the employer’s illegal actions are analyzed. Taking into account foreign experience, it was established the need to develop an effective mechanism for determining the amount of moral damage, which, in turn, will contribute to the unification of the specified mechanism and ensure the stability and unity of judicial practice and the predictability of court decisions. A comparative analysis of compensation for moral damages within the framework of labor relations under the legislation of foreign countries allowed us to conclude that the system of determining the amount of compensation for moral damages formed in them can be taken into account when improving the current labor legislation of Ukraine.
Information on waste generated as a result of war: the issue of legal protection
Authors: Gafurova O.V. , Novak T.S.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of legal provision of access to information about waste generated as a result of war, the identification of problematic aspects in this area and the development of proposals for overcoming them.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop a legal field that would take into account a new phenomenon for Ukraine - the treatment of waste generated as a result of war and allow to ensure the implementation of the constitutional right of everyone to access information about such waste in the context of access to environmental information as effectively as possible.

The work analyzes the amendments to the legislation on environmental information. A conclusion was made about the expediency of the existing changes in terms of clarifying the meaningful content of the term «environmental information», including by supplementing it with «waste information» and its compliance with international acts. The updated legislation on waste management was studied. A conclusion was made about the beginning of the formation of special secondary legislation on the management of waste generated as a result of war.

It was determined that even under martial law, environmental information, including waste information, cannot be restricted. Access to it may be difficult for objective reasons (due to technical reasons, in temporarily occupied territories, etc.). Public access to environmental information is one of the factors in the effective development of reconstruction plans (especially at the local level), ensuring proper control over the implementation of measures, preserving people’s lives and health.

It is proposed to speed up the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the State System of Environmental Monitoring, Information on the State of the Environment (Environmental Information) and Information Support for Management in the Field of the Environment» without reference to the end of martial law as such, which will serve quality update of legislation on access to environmental information. The need to define and establish at the level of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» the concept of «waste generated as a result of war», as well as the provision of this category in the National List of Waste, is substantiated. Inconsistency of the Regulation on data sets to be made public in the form of open data of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» in the part of the list of such data on waste was established. The need to eliminate this shortcoming is argued.
Principles of legal regulation of relations in the field of production, circulation and labeling of organic agricultural products
Authors: Tuieva O.M.
Published: October 2023

The article is aimed at studying the legal framework for organic agricultural production through the prism of the principles of legal regulation in this area, and also at formulating, on this basis, conclusions and proposals aimed at improving current legislation. One of the modern objects of agrarian legal regulation, as well as a way to implement the strategy of sustainable agricultural development, is organic agricultural production, which is a guarantee of balancing economic, environmental and social priorities of agricultural development, a guarantee of a high level of safety and quality of agricultural products, and ensuring food security of the State. The effectiveness of legal regulation depends on the level of scientific development of the principles, but a significant drawback of the current organic legislation is the absence of some important principles. An important basis for legal regulation of organic agricultural production is the principle of priority, which is a general requirement in the law that organic agricultural production has advantages over conventional production in the form of rules designed to ensure not only its stable functioning, but also the spread and improvement of such activities. The manifestation of the principle of priority of organic agricultural production is also evidenced by the state’s interest in a separate legal regulation of this type of activity and filling its content with some public law features that ensure the production of agricultural products of the highest quality. Given the undeniable strategic importance and priority of organic agricultural production, one of the main directions of the state agricultural policy should be state support for this activity. An extremely important characteristic of organic agricultural products is a high level of quality and safety. Therefore, the defining principle of the State policy of these social relations should be the principle of ensuring quality and safety and State control at all stages of production and circulation. Based on the analysis of current organic legislation, the article concludes that an essential need for proper legal regulation of relations in this area is the need to legislate the above-mentioned legal principles on which the State policy in the field of production, circulation and labeling of organic agricultural products should be based.
Legal ideology as the ideological and theoretical basis of the activities of public organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Zhuravskyi R.
Published: October 2023

The article outlines the conceptual features of legal ideology as an ideological and theoretical basis for the activity of public organizations in Ukraine. It has been proven that public organizations have a significant perspective to join the formation of legal ideology in Ukrainian society. After all, they, first of all, become guarantors of the inviolability, implementation and protection of personal rights of a person and a citizen; secondly, it is a means of self-organization of society members and realization of their interests; thirdly, they act as an effective institution of democratic control over the functioning of state power and the degree of state intervention in social relations; fourth, give citizens the opportunity to directly participate in the process of making important decisions for society. Therefore, public organizations act as a determining factor in the formation of legal ideology, and therefore a means of change in modern society, an effective tool for the realization and protection of common interests guaranteed and protected by the Constitution of Ukraine.

It is noted that in view of the challenges of globalization, public organizations must change the form and methods of work, which means their use of new civilizational approaches to the formation of legal ideology in society. In recent years, public organizations have managed to obtain new rights and forms for the formation of legal ideology in our country, namely the possibility of: legislative initiative, consulting and expert assistance, informational support for their own actions and the actions of power structures, social support and control.