bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EFFICIENT METHOD OF MASS REARING TWO INTRODUCED PARASITOIDS OF NOCTUIDS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Harrington S. A. , Hutchinson P. , Dutch M. E. , Lawrence P. J. , Michael P. J.
Published: April 2007

A method is described for rearing two introduced parasitoids; Cotesia kazak (Telenga) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Hyposoter didymator Thunberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on cluster caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). It facilitates the production of large numbers of parasitoids for field release.
THE EFFECTS OF HOT‐WATER DIPPING, METHYL BROMIDE WITH OR WITHOUT COLD STORAGE AND GAMMA IRRADIATION ON EGG HATCH OFASYNONYCHUS CERVINUSBOHEMAN (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Jessup, A. J. , Hood C. W. , Sloggett R. F.
Published: April 2007

Preliminary studies were conducted on the potential for hot water, methyl bromide with or without cold storage, and gamma irradiation as quarantine treatments against eggs of Fuller's rose weevil on oranges intended for export to Japan. There was complete inhibition of egg hatch when infested Valencia oranges were dipped in water at 46°C for 75 min but there was severe damage to the fruit. Water dips at 50°C for 2 and 10 min and 52°C for 2 and 7 min reduced egg hatch by up to 66% with no fruit damage. Fumigation with 20 g/m3 methyl bromide (MB) for 2 h at 17°C followed by storage for 8 d at 1°C reduced egg hatch by 45%. Fumigation with 45 g/m3 MB at 17°C for 2 h and irradiation at 300 Gy reduced egg hatch by 98% and 95%, respectively.
EVBRITTONIA LONGITARSA, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MELOLONTHINAE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Szito A.
Published: April 2007

Evbrittonia longitarsa, a new genus and species of Liparetrini, is described from Coorow, south‐west Western Australia.
OBSERVATIONS ON DISTASTEFULNESS OFMONISTRIA CONCINNA(WALKER) (ORTHOPTERA: PYRGOMORPHIDAE)
Authors: Francis R. Groeters , Strong KathleenL.
Published: April 2007

Conspicuous colour patterns of grasshoppers in the tribe Monistriini are thought to represent aposematic colouration, although no direct evidence for grasshopper distastefulness exists. We found that Monistria concinna repelled attacks by the skink Lampropholis delicata using noxious compounds on the surface of its body. Skinks learned to avoid attacking M. concinna apparently using a combination of visual and chemoreceptory cues. These results confirm the postulated aposematic nature of the grasshopper's colour pattern.
ACTIVITY AND PEST STATUS OF SURFACE‐ACTIVE COLLEMBOLA IN TASMANIAN FIELD CROPS AND PASTURES
Authors: Ireson J. E.
Published: April 2007

Twenty‐six surface‐active species of Collembola were identified in Tasmanian field crops, only two of which were not recorded from pasture. Some species were noticeably more abundant in either field crops or pastures. The lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), was the most damaging species and some field damage by the sminthurids Bourletiella hortensis (Fitch) and B. viridescens Stach to seedling cucurbits was recorded. No other surface‐active species was found causing direct damage in the field. Laboratory studies showed that B. hortensis, B. viridescens, Katianna australis Womersley, Katianna sp. 1, the isotomid, Isotomurus palustris (Mueller), and the entomobryid, Entomobrya unostrigata Stach, can all feed on live plants albeit at low levels, and exhibit a high consumption level on decaying plants. Differences in the susceptibility of plant species to attack were also observed. These results, together with field observations, suggested that live plant material is not necessarily their most preferred food source.
EFFECTS OF GERMINATING SEEDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OFNALA LIVIDIPES(DUFOUR) DERMAPTERA: LABIDURIDAE)
Authors: Simpson G. B. , Robertson L. N.
Published: April 2007

The survival of nymphs and adults of the black field earwig, Nala lividipes, was best when they were reared on germinating seeds of wheat, sorghum, maize and sunflower. Survival was very low for earwigs reared on soybean, and no nymphs survived to adulthood in the absence of seeds or when reared on chickpea or cotton. Life‐table data indicated that population increases were possible only when the earwigs were reared on sorghum, maize, and wheat in ascending order. Numbers remained constant when fed on sunflower and declined if soybeans were the only food available. Rearing was at a constant temperature of 28°C (± 0.5°C) with a black cracking clay at 40% moisture.
New Species of Colpochila Erichson from Western Australia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Liparetrini)
Authors: SZITO A.
Published: April 2007

Colpochila manonii and C. taylori are described from Western Australia. A key to identify the species is included.
Ability to Transmit Sugarcane Mosaic Virus and Seasonal Phenology of Some Aphid Species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Isis and Bundaberg Districts of Queensland
Authors: Noone D. F. , SRISINK S. , TEAKLE D. S. , ALLSOPP P. G. , TAYLOR P. W. J.
Published: April 2007

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sultzer) transmitted the Australian sugarcane strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV‐SC) in a non‐persistent manner, whereas Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe did not transmit the virus. Calculated transmission rate per aphid was higher (12–16%) when sweetcorn was the source of SCMV‐SC than when sugarcane was the source (2–5%). M. sacchari (a non‐vector) and A. gossypii (a vector) were the most prevalent aphids caught on sticky yellow traps in the Isis and Bundaberg districts in 1989–91. Three vector species, A craccivora Koch, A. gossypii and R. maidis, were trapped mainly in spring, summer and autumn, and a fourth vector species, R. padi (L.) was trapped only in winter. Since vector species were active during all seasons, there is always potential for transmission of SCMV‐SC if host, virus and environmental factors are favourable.
In‐Vitro Comparison of the Larvicidal Activity of Moxidectin and Abamectin Against Onthophagus gazella (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Haematobia irritans exigua De Meijere (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Doherty W. M. , STEWART N. P. , COBB R. M. , KEIRAN P. J.
Published: April 2007

When incorporated directly into cattle dung, a formulation of moxidectin was less toxic to larvae of the dung beetle Onthophagus gazella and the buffalo fly, Haematobia irritans exigua, than an abamectin formulation. Concentrations of moxidectin 64‐fold greater than abamectin concentrations were required to produce equivalent toxicities. Neither moxidectin nor abamectin reduced oviposition by O. gazella. Moxidectin may consequently be less likely than abamectin to affect the decomposition of cattle dung but may have less effect on buffalo fly infestations.
Two New Species of Corethrella Coquillet From Australia, with Further Observations on Morphological Variation within the Genus (Diptera: Corethrellidae)
Authors: COLLESS D. H.
Published: April 2007

Studies of Australian Corethrella Coquillet, using standard morphological methods supported by numerical techniques (ordinations based on Principal Component Analysis), reveal the presence here of two species that are described as new, as well as three other distinct geographic “forms” that are quite possibly also distinct species. the Principal Component Analysis employed a novel method for coding data.
Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea and the Threat of its Introduction to Australia
Authors: COOPER R. D. , Waterson D. G. E. , Kupo M. , Sweeney A. W.
Published: April 2007

In the Western Province of Papua New Guinea populations of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus were found in Daru and Kiunga, but not in three coastal villages opposite the Torres Strait Islands. the implications of these findings with regard to the possible introduction of this mosquito to Australia are discussed.
The Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fauna of Holmes Jungle, a Rainforest Patch in the Seasonal Tropics of Australia's Northern Territory
Authors: ANDERSEN ALAN N. , REICHEL HANNA
Published: April 2007

The ants of Holmes Jungle, a rainforest patch 15 km northeast of Darwin, were surveyed during the 1991/2 wet season using pitfall traps, quadrat counts and direct searches. This is the first comprehensive documentation of any rainforest ant fauna in the Northern Territory. A total of 47 species (six of them introduced) from 24 genera was collected. These include a previously uncollected species ofPolyrhachisFr. Smith, a new generic record (EctomomyrmexMayr) for the Northern Territory, and the first record ofMonomorium talpaEmery from Australia. the most common ants on the ground were Opportunists (particularly species ofParatrechinaMotschoulsky,RhytidoponeraMayr andOdontomachusLatreille), Generalised Myrmicinae (mostlyPheidolespp.), and Cryptic Species (mostlyM. talpa). Canopy ants were abundant and composed almost entirely of tree‐nesting taxa, primarily species ofOecophyllaFr. Smith,CamponotusMayr,PolyrhachisandCrematogasterLund. the majority (68%) of all species have Torresian (tropical) affinities, and 32% can be considered as specialist rainforest taxa. Nearly half (45%) the species also occur in rainforests of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Species richness and the relative abundances of different functional groups are also similar to those at comparable sites in the Kimberley. However, Holmes Jungle has a considerably greater proportion of Torresian species, a far greater representation of specialist rainforest taxa, and many more arboreal species than occur in Kimberley rainforests.
Do Ants Use Ultrasound for Personal Communication (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)?
Authors: ESPERSON J. R.
Published: April 2007

This essay considers a possible solution to the problems facing the eusocial ants, most of which nest underground or in other obscure conditions, and carry out a variety of housekeeping tasks. Some ants are known to produce short sounds by stridulation with short periods between them, which are audible to humans. This is reminiscent of bats, which also live in caves, issue similar sounds, and are known to receive echoes reflected from objects around them, and thus build up a mental picture of their vicinity. Unlike the bats, I suggest that the ants produce sounds mechanically and listen to them via their chordotonal organs, but produce a similar effect.
Fecundity and Oviposition by Perthida glyphopa Common (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae)
Authors: MAZANEC Z. , JUSTIN M. J.
Published: April 2007

Fecundity of the jarrah leafminer, Perthida glyphopa, was studied in eight generations. On average, a female contained 142 eggs of which 47% were mature at eclosion. the total number of eggs increased with the weight of the female. the number of eggs laid per emerged female in the forest was generally lower than this average and was related to the density of leaves in the forest canopy, which in turn was influenced by rainfall of the previous winter. At sites where young leaves, preferred and sought by the females for oviposition, were more abundant than in the surrounding forest, the number of eggs laid per emerged female often exceeded the average of 142. Such local increases in the production of young leaves and the consequent increase in oviposition per emerged female were often observed to occur after a management treatment of the forest. A hypothesis is developed relating the initiation of outbreaks by the jarrah leafminer to the increased production of young leaves following such treatments.
Insecticide Resistance Detected in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from New South Wales Cotton
Authors: HERRON G. A. , ROPHAIL J.
Published: April 2007

Insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae is documented for the first time in Australia in cotton. Resistance levels detected were monocrotophos 56x, chlorpyrifos 46x, dimethoate 16x, pirimicarb 6x, methomyl 5x, methamidophos 4x, and profenofos 4x.
On the Scientific Name of the Australian “Spur‐throated Locust” (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: KEY K. H. L. , RENTZ D. C. F.
Published: April 2007

The injurious locust known in Australian economic entomological literature as the Spur‐throated Locust has been cited in numerous papers since 1939 as Austracris guttulosa (Walker). Some confusion has resulted from proposed synonymisation of the genus Austracris Uvarov with Patanga Uvarov and Nomadacris Uvarov. It is argued that those synonymisations are unjustified and that Austracris guttulosa is the valid scientific name of the Spur‐throated Locust.
The Blue Land Planarian, Caenoplana coerulea Moseley (Tricladida: Geoplanidae), a Predator of Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda: Julidae) in Southern Australia
Authors: TERRACE T. E. , BAKER G. H.
Published: April 2007

The blue planarian, Caenoplana coerulea, is a predator of the black Portuguese millipede, Ommatoiulus moreleti, an introduced nuisance pest in southern Australia. Some observations on the reproduction and early development of C. coerulea are included.
Troglophilic Moths in Australia: First Record of a Self‐sustaining Population
Authors: WEINSTEIN P. , EDWARDS E. D.
Published: April 2007

Records of moths from Australian caves are scanty, and the paucity of accompanying biological data has not allowed the existence of self‐sustaining troglophilic populations to be confirmed. We report a self‐sustaining population of guanophilic pyralids (Pyralis manihotalis Guenée) from a tropical cave in North Queensland, the first substantiated record of troglophilic moth in Australia, and the first record of this species from a cave. the behaviour and distribution of the moth within the cave was consistent with current hypotheses on the evolution of non‐relictual tropical cave species.
Pyrethroid Resistance Increasing in Unsprayed Populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in New South Wales 1987–90
Authors: GUNNING ROBIN V.
Published: April 2007

Pyrethroid resistance frequencies were determined in unsprayed Helicoverpa armigera populations collected at sites 300–400 km from northern NSW cotton growing areas. Results confirmed a gradual loss of pyrethroid susceptibility in the unsprayed populations. At the conclusion of the survey, the frequency of resistant H. armigera was greater than 50%. These resistance frequencies are very similar to those found in sprayed H. armigera populations from cotton areas. Untreated H. armigera obviously cannot greatly suppress resistance build‐up in cotton populations by supplying migrants from a susceptible gene pool. Resistant moths must readily disperse between sprayed and unsprayed areas.
Book Review
Authors: McDONALD GARRICK
Published: April 2007

Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect‐plant Relationships. S. B. J. Menken, J. H. Visser and P. Harrewijn (Eds).
Determination of a Relationship Between Soil Moisture and Screwworm Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Activity
Authors: STUART M. A. , MAYER D. G. , ATZENI M. G. , McKEON G. M. , SPRADBERY J. P.
Published: April 2007

To model screwworm fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) population dynamics, it is necessary to quantify the relationship between soil moisture and screwworm fly numbers. Climatic data from one case study of Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) and five case studies of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) from tropical and subtropical areas were statistically analysed to determine the effect of soil moisture (corrected for temperature) on screwworm fly incidence. Significant relationships occurred in three of the six cases; in two cases the relationship was humped, and in the other linear. Both prolonged dry conditions and soil saturation cause reduced screwworm fly emergence whereas intermediate soil moisture is adequate for pupal development and adult emergence. the relationship previously used in the CLIMEX package was found to be biased because it did not adequately penalise saturated soil conditions. an improved function was estimated to correct for this bias.
A New Species of Mallada Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Australia with a Key to Species
Authors: WINTERTON S. L.
Published: April 2007

Mallada albofacialis sp.n. is described from Queensland and the Northern Territory. A revised key to Australian species of Mallada is presented. M. albofacialis appears closely related to another northern species, M. traviata (Banks). Larvae of M. albofacialis are trash carriers and are recorded feeding on Icerya spp. New distribution records are given for M. traviata.
Timing of Pupation of Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Sugarcane Fields
Authors: SAMSON P. R. , McLENNAN P. D.
Published: April 2007

Larvae of sugarcane soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps, pupated during autumn in sugarcane fields. Under conditions of moist soil and good cane growth, pupation occurred about 1 month later in northern and central Queensland than in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, and this was related to soil temperature. the midpoint of the pupation period coincided with mean soil temperatures of 20‐25° in each area. A laboratory experiment showed that pupation was inhibited at 25° and favoured by lower temperatures. the timing of pupation varied between years in one canefield in southern Queensland. Late pupation in 1991 was associated with small average size of larvae in early autumn and with dry soil conditions and poor cane growth. A high proportion of larvae failed to pupate before winter in this field in 1991. In normal years this carryover of larvae into winter was only about 10%. Male pupae were smaller than female pupae. Pupal weights were similar in each of the areas and years studied, but in some fields pupal weights declined with time during the pupation period.
Susceptibility to Ivermectin of Pyrethroid‐Resistant Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: RUGG D. , SALES N. , KOTZE A. C. , LEVOT G. W.
Published: April 2007

The susceptibility to ivermectin of a highly selected pyrethroid‐resistant laboratory strain of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina was assessed in a paper‐serum bioassay and compared with an organophosphate‐resistant field strain and a laboratory‐susceptible strain. While the pyrethroid‐resistant strain has a resistance factor of > 3000‐fold to deltamethrin, ivermectin was only 2.5‐fold less toxic to this strain than it was to the other two strains. These results indicate that pyrethroid resistance is unlikely to affect the larvicidal activity of ivermectin in L. cuprina.
Defensive Secretions of Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood), A. rubiginosus (Guérin‐Méneville) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou) (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Authors: STEINBAUER M. J. , DAVIES N. W.
Published: April 2007

The nymphal and adult defensive secretions of Amorbus obscuricornis, A. rubiginosus and Gelonus tasmanicus were analysed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). of the 15 volatile aliphatic compounds identified, two have not been recorded from the Coreidae previously, namely 2‐hexanone and n‐butyl acetate. the composition of the secretions from nymphs and adults of the same species were found to differ markedly. However, nymphal secretions were qualitatively more similar across species than those of the adults. Quantitative differences between secretion compositions of adult males and females of the same species were minimal.
Phytoseiids (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Dominate the Mite Fauna on Grapevines in Canberra District Vineyards
Authors: JAMES DAVID G. , WHITNEY JENNIFER , RAYNER MARGARET
Published: April 2007

Mite populations on grapevines in five Canberra district vineyards during 1991‐1993 were characterised by large numbers of phytoseiids and small, non‐damaging populations of the pests grapeleaf blister mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher), and grapeleaf rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa). Six phytoseiid species (Typhlodromus doreenae Schicha, T. dossei Schicha, T. australicus (Womersley), Amblyseius waltersi Schicha, A. elinae Schicha and Phytoseius fotheringhamiae Denmark and Schicha) were recorded. T. doreenae was the dominant species and occurred in all vineyards. P. fotheringhamiae was abundant in a single vineyard and T. dossei occurred in small numbers in two vineyards. the other species were represented by single individuals. Implications of these results for viticultural mite management based on biological control are discussed.
Functional Responses of the European Earwig and Two Species of Coccinellids to Densities of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: ASANTE S. K.
Published: April 2007

The functional response data obtained in the laboratory for the major predators of woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, namely Forficula auricularia L., Parapriasus australasiae (Boisduval) and Harmonia confirmis (Boisduval) all fitted well to the type II model of the Holling disc equation. These predators consumed larger numbers of early than later instars of E. lanigerum within the same time period. Adult H. conformis had a lower instantaneous search rate and handling time and could also consume larger numbers of E. lanigerum than could mature larvae. Overall, F. auricularia was the most efficient predator of E. lanigerum.
Age‐Grading Nymphal Instars of Apterous Virginoparae of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: ASANTE S. K. , CAIRNS S. C.
Published: April 2007

A reliable method for age‐grading field‐collected nymphal instars of apterous virginoparae of Eriosoma lanigerum is reported. A classification criterion in the form of linear discriminant function analysis was developed for laboratory populations of E. lanigerum using measurements of several morphological characters. This model was cross‐validated using field‐collected aphids that had been sorted a priori into instar stages on the basis of a set of morphometric measurements. All field‐collected second instars were classified as sorted, while almost all third and fourth instars were classified as sorted. to attain this degree of accuracy in classifying individuals from field populations, measurements of the distance between cornicles, cauda width, body length and hind tibia length are required. This method was developed to obtain quantitative estimates of the effect of mortality factors and the rates of increase of field populations of E. lanigerum.
Effectiveness of Neomolgus capillatus (Kramer) (Acarina: Bdellidae) as a Predator of Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae) in Northwestern Tasmania
Authors: IRESON J. E. , WEBB W. R.
Published: April 2007

Autumn populations of lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis, have been reduced by about 95% to non‐damaging levels in north‐west Tasmania by the addition of the introduced predator the spiny snout mite, Neomolgus capillatus, to the established predator complex. Low activity of N. capillatus in early spring reduced its ability to control S. viridis later in spring. the possible use of an additional predator, a whirligig mite, Anystis wallacei Otto, that could improve control of spring populations is discussed.
Potter Spray Tower Bioassay of Selected Citrus Pests to Petroleum Spray Oil
Authors: HERRON G. A. , BEATTIE G. A. C. , PARKES R. A. , BARCHIA I.
Published: April 2007

A Potter spray tower was used to determine the relative susceptibility of selected stages of various citrus pests and green peach aphid to petroleum spray oils. the order of decreasing susceptibility, expressed as μg oil/cm2 required to give 95% mortality, was first‐instar Saissetia oleae (Olivier) 41, first‐instar Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio 46, adult Myzus persicae (Sulzer) 50, first‐instar Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) 55, first‐instar C. destructor Newstead 59, first‐instar C. rubens Maskell 59, adult Panonychus citri (McGregor) 71, adult Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) 74, first‐instar Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) 135, adult Tetranychus urticae Koch 166, adult Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) 241, prepupal H. haemorrhoidalis 351, and adult P. calceolariae 1075. the validity of the technique and the relevance of the results to practical field application are discussed in terms of a phytotoxicity threshold of 150 μg oil/cm2.
Fauna and Seasonal Abundance of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Four Stone Fruit Growing Regions of Southeastern Australia as Determined by Pheromone‐trapping
Authors: JAMES DAVID G. , FAULDER RICHARD J. , BARTELT ROBERT J.
Published: April 2007

Traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson and C. davidsoni Dobson and fermenting bread dough were used to identify the fauna and monitor seasonal abundance of nitidulids in orchards in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia (Shepparton, Cobram (Victoria), Renmark (South Australia), Windsor (New South Wales)). During 1992‐94, seven species (C. davidsoni, C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), C. gaveni Dobson, C. marginellus Motschulsky and an unidentified species “Y”) were trapped at all sites and an additional unidentified species (“X”) was recorded from Windsor. C. davidsoni was the dominant species at all sites, particularly at Shepparton where it accounted for 88‐98% of all nitidulids trapped. C. hemipterus was trapped commonly at Cobram and Renmark but was rare at Windsor and Shepparton. C. mutilatus was common at Windsor and Renmark but rare in Shepparton and Cobram. the total number of nitidulids trapped at Shepparton was 10‐15 times greater than at the other sites in 1993‐94. Seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp. was similar at all sites with high numbers in spring, followed by a decline and a secondary peak in early summer. At the three inland sites (Shepparton, Cobram, Renmark), populations “crashed” and beetles were virtually absent during January‐March. A less dramatic decline also occurred at Windsor.
Field Evaluation of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Selected Pesticides and Enhancers for Control of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: BEATTIE G. A. C. , SOMSOOK V. , WATSON D. M. , CLIFT A. D. , JIANG L.
Published: April 2007

The efficacies of sprays containing the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and selected pesticides and enhancers for control of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, were evaluated in two experiments. the first compared three rates of nematode infective juveniles a plus nonionic surfactant with three rates of petroleum spray oil, three rates of fenoxycarb, and single rates of methidathion and permethrin. the second compared three rates of infective juveniles plus nonionic surfactant with the same three rates of infective juveniles plus a polysaccharide and petroleum spray oil mixture, three rates of fenoxycarb plus petroleum spray oil, and single rates of methidathion and fenoxycarb. Larval mortalities caused by methidathion, permethrin, the highest rate of the nematode, and the two higher rates of fenoxycarb in the first experiment were all significantly higher than the control, with permethrin the most effective treatment. the effect of oil on mortality was ambiguous, and the percentage of mined leaves in all sprayed treatments did not differ significantly from the control. In the second experiment larval mortalities were only significantly higher than in the control in the fenoxycarb and methidathion treatments. However, with the exception of the nematode/surfactant and methidathion treatments, the number of mines per leaf in all sprayed treatments was significantly lower than in the control. Similar differences were recorded for percentage of mined leaves. In the nematode/polysaccharide/oil treatments these effects were not related to nematode concentration indicating a controlling effect of the polysaccharide/oil mixture warranting further investigation. We believe these effects on infestation levels were more important than any effect on larval mortality.
Importation, Host Specificity Testing, Rearing and Release of Three Parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Eastern Australia
Authors: NEALE C. , SMITH D. , BEATTIE G. A. C. , MILES M.
Published: April 2007

Three parasitoids of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, Ageniaspis citricola (Logvinovskaya), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan) and Cirrospilus quadristriatus Subba Roa and Ramamani were introduced from southern China and Thailand to eastern Australia in 1990‐91. After quarantine testing against 17 other insect hosts with leafmining and gall forming habits, they appeared to be restricted to citrus leafminer and releases were made in Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. A. citricola established throughout Queensland and C. quadristriatus in all four states. Some recoveries were made of C. phyllocnistoides but establishment has not yet been confirmed.
A New Species of Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Northeastern Australia
Authors: BRABY M. F.
Published: April 2007

Nesolycaena medicea sp.n. from northern Queensland is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia are compared with the known species of Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner, and a key to species is provided. The genus, as currently defined, contains four species. All species are allopatric and have limited, patchy distributions in northern and eastern Australia. N. urumelia (Tindale) is recorded from Queensland for the first time.
Review of the Australian Genus Gudanga Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Including New Species from Western Australia and Queensland
Authors: MOULDS M. S.
Published: April 2007

Gudungu is redefined and its relationships discussed. The two previously known species, G. browni Distant and G. boulayi Distant, are redescribed and four additional species described as new, G. aurea sp.n., G. solutu sp.n. and G. kalgoorliensis sp.n. from Western Australia, and G. adamsi sp.n. from Queensland.
Kin Association in the Allodapine Bee Exoneura richardsoni Rayment (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: SCHWARZ MICHAEL P. , LOWE ROGER M. , LEFEVERE KATHELIJNE S.
Published: April 2007

Exoneura richardsoni is a common allodapine bee which, in southern montane Victoria, primarily nests in dead fronds of tree ferns. We sampled intact colonies from the Dandenong Ranges from August 1992 through to February 1993. The bee is univoltine, with egg production commencing in later winter and adult eclosion occurring over summer. The majority of colonies in both re‐used and newly founded nests contain more than one female. Intra‐colony relatedness is very high (r =± s.e., 0.759 ± 0.087) in re‐used nests and moderately high (0.498 ± 0.152) in newly cofounded colonies, indicating maintenance of kin integrity during nest re‐use and kin recognition during foundress association. This is only the second time that kin cofounding has been demonstrated in a primitively social bee species. Samples during winter and early summer show that per capifa brood production increases with colony size up to about 3 or 4 females per nest, and this may explain the high degree of social nesting in this species. Whilst eusociality could occur in some nests, the opportunities for older, adult brood members to help rear younger siblings are very limited. It seems likely that in E. richardsoni and at least some other Australian allodapine bees, the selective maintenance of high levels of social nesting and kin recognition does not depend on the existence of eusociality.
Book Review
Authors: CRANSTON PETER
Published: April 2007

Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Neal L. Evenhuis
New Species of Chloropinae (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Australia
Authors: ISMAY J. W.
Published: April 2007

Elachiptereicus Becker is recorded from Australia for the first time. Elachiptereicus australiensis, Chloropsina deemingi and Eutropha spenceri spp.n. are described from Australia. Existing keys to genera and species are modified to incorporate these additions.
Book Review
Authors: ANDERSEN ALAN N.
Published: April 2007

Ants and plants—an example of coevolution.P. Jolivet
Positions of Juvenile Stages of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and of Four Other Flies in Bovine Dung
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , McKENZIE H. J. , BARCHIA I. M. , MURISON R. , SPOHR L. J.
Published: April 2007

A study was made of the positions of juvenile stages of Culicoides brevitarsis and of four other species of flies (Diptera) breeding in bovine dung. The objective was to provide information on sampling cores of dung for laboratory experiments and to study fly behaviour associated with the breeding habitat. Oviposition and field exposure of dung were restricted to 2 d and this enabled relatively discrete populations of flies to be investigated. All species were reasonably abundant after 2 d of oviposition. Distributions were contrasted by dividing the dung into vertical and horizontal segments. C. brevitarsis, A ustralosepsis niveipennis and Leptocera mirabilis oviposited mainly in the top of the dung, while Sepsis nitens and Psychoda sp. oviposited mainly in the lower half. After hatching, the proportions of flies varied between positions and over time. Except for C. brevitarsis, the adult flies were reared from the half of the pat associated with oviposition. C. brevitarsis and A. niveipennis rearings were evenly distributed in centre and outer positions 4 d after dung deposition and C. brevitarsis showed clear changes in vertical position over time. Moisture content in the dung decreased by 16.1% after 10 d, mainly in the upper half of the pat. Greater numbers of C. brevitarsis were associated with areas of higher moisture. The fly species varied in their times of emergence with C. brevitarsis emerging later in the lower half positions than in the upper half positions 10 d after deposition of the dung. A procedure for sampling cores of dung is proposed.
Immature Stages of Two Unusual Species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australia
Authors: CRANSTON P. S.
Published: April 2007

Two species of the chironomine genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, D. balciunasi Epler, 1988 and D. lindae Epler, 1988 are described, and the queried generic placement is confirmed. The subtropical to tropical distribution of both species is documented, and information provided on their larval ecology and responses to pollution.
Book Review
Authors: DANGERFIELD P. C.
Published: April 2007

Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Volume III Hymenoptera. Part IV Braconidae. V. I. Tobias (ed.)
Evaluation of Coloured Sticky Traps for Monitoring Populations of Austroasca viridigrisea (Paoli) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on Cotton Farms
Authors: MENSAH R. K.
Published: April 2007

Field tests on the colour response of Austroasca viridigrisea adults were conducted using square (30 × 30 cm) coloured sticky traps placed in a cotton field. Among the colours tested, adults were attracted most to yellow traps emitting light in the 500‐600 nm region (peak reflectance at 560 nm), followed by green and orange, then red, deep blue, black, magenta and true blue. Dilution of yellow with white to produce yellow‐white hues resulted in a significant decline in A. viridigrisea captures. Reflectance spectra of painted surfaces of enamel colours and also traps with different hues of yellow indicated that A. viridigrisea capture rates were directly related to the amount of light reflected in the 500‐600 nm zone, the wavelength at which peak reflectance of green plants occurs. This positive behavioural response of A. viridigrisea to yellow suggests that the leafhopper can discriminate foliage‐like hues (500‐580 nm) from non foliage‐like hues (<500 nm and >580 nm) and therefore could detect herbaceous foliage on the basis of colour. Significantly higher numbers of adults were caught at heights between 25‐75 cm than at 100, 125 and 150 cm above ground level. To monitor flight phenology and populations of A. viridigrisea, yellow sticky traps should be placed at heights between 25 and 75 cm above ground level.
Laboratory Susceptibility of Locusta migratoria (L.), Austracrisguttulosa (Walker) and Valanga irregularis (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to an Oil Formulation of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)
Authors: MILNER R. J. , STAPLES J. A. , PRIOR C.
Published: April 2007

Conidia of Metarhizium spp. formulated in mineral oil (Propar 12) were bioassayed against adults of three acridids which are sporadic pests of pasture and crops in northern Australia. Each insect was treated by placing a drop of a suspension of conidia in oil under the pronotum and was then incubated at 29°C and observed daily. Eight isolates were screened against Locusta migratoria and those found to be the most virulent were all M. flavoviride“group 3”. One of these “group 3” isolates, FI985 originally from Austracris guttulosa, was the most virulent, while three other genetically similar isolates from Africa also were highly virulent. With these four isolates, a dose of 50,000 conidiahsect caused 100% mortality in 8 d. Subsequent experiments were all with FI985. The LD50 for adult L. migratoria was 4,363 conidia (95% confidence limits: 987‐16,460) on a slope of 1.50 for the 9‐d mortality data and was 387 (68‐1,602) conidia on a slope of 1.11 for the 12‐d data. The spur‐throated locust, Austracris guttulosa, was more susceptible than L. migratoria—the LD50 for 9‐d mortality was 413 conidia (227‐867) and, for the 12‐d mortality data, it was 92 conidia (43‐164) on a common slope of 1.59. The larger females died on average 1.5 d later than the males at each dose. A more limited test of the susceptibility of the giant grasshopper, Valanga irregularis showed that this species was also susceptible to FI985. Taken together with previous data, this shows that FI985 could be used as a mycoinsecticide against all five of Australia's main acridid pests.
A New Species of Acrodipsas Sands (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Inland New South Wales and Southern Queensland
Authors: SANDS D. P. A. , MILLER C. G. , KERR J. F. R.
Published: April 2007

Acrodipsas mortoni sp.n. from inland New South Wales and southern Queensland is described, figured, contrasted with the related A. arcana (Miller and Edwards) and assigned to the illidgei species‐group.
Book Review
Authors: CASSIS G.
Published: April 2007

True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Randall T. Schuh and James A. Slater
Maternal Frass is Necessary for Embryonic Development in Weiseana barkeri Jacoby (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: NAHRUNG HELEN , MAROHASY JENNIFER
Published: April 2007

Eggs of Weiseana barkeri, a potential biological control agent for Acacia nilotica, are laid in batches covered in frass. an experiment measuring embryonic development in eggs with and without a frass covering indicated the presence of frass is necessary for the termination of diapause and the initiation of development in egg batches.
Pseudobalta, a New Australian Ovoviviparous Cockroach Genus (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blattellidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae)
Authors: ROTH LOUIS M.
Published: April 2007

Pseudobalta, a new blattellid genus, is described. It differs from oviparous Balta Tepper in being ovoviviparous and the male having a tergal gland on the first abdominal segment. Pseudobalta comprises two species previously placed in Balta (P. pusilla (Hebard) comb.n. and P. cinctella (Hebard) comb.n.) and P. queenslandica sp.n. This is the fourth known blattellid, and the second taxon in the Pseudophyllodromiinae, that reproduces by ovoviviparity.
Revision of Syncarpiolyma Froggatt (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Description of a New Species
Authors: TAYLOR K. L.
Published: April 2007

Syncarpiolyma Froggatt and its type species S. maculata Froggatt are revised. A second species, Syncarpiolyma maculatipennis sp.n., is described from four females collected in Queensland and New South Wales.
Two New Species of Austrophlebioides Campbell and Suter (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Australia, with Notes on the Genus
Authors: PARNRONG S. , CAMPBELL I. C.
Published: April 2007

Two new species of Austrophlebioides Campbell and Suter, A. marchanti sp.nov. from Victoria, and A. booloumbi sp.nov. from southeastern Queensland, are described, necessitating a slight modification to the generic definition. A. decipiens (Harker) comb.n. is transferred to Austrophlebioides from Deleatidium.
Resurrection of Aedes (Halaedes) ashworthi Edwards 1921: Morphological Characterisation and Separation from its Sibling Aedes (Halaedes) australis (Erichson) 1842 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: BRUST R. A. , MAHON R. J.
Published: April 2007

The result of population crosses of members of the Ae. australis complex and the examination of the male genitalia of these populations have shown that Ae. ashworthi Edwards 1921 should be reinstated as a valid species. the parent females laid viable eggs when cross mated to males of different species, but the resulting F1 females and males were largely sterile. When F1 females were blood‐fed and examined 3–8 d later, usually fewer than 10 ovarioles per ovary developed recognisable follicles and none of these formed eggs. F1 males in nearly all cases possessed half‐size testes, and there was no spermatid development in the reduced testes. A few males had normal‐sized testes, but the spermatids were mostly tailless. the male of Ae. ashworthi can be separated from Ae. australis by the shape of the gonocoxite and the length of the gonostylus of the genitalia. the larvae of both species are identical, and the females differ only in the colour of some scale patches and the integument, which may prove to be too variable to be useful when more populations are compared. the morphological similarity of the two mosquitoes as larvae and adults supports the proposal that they should be recognised as sibling species, with Ae. ashworthi as the derived member of the Ae. australis complex. It is clear from morphological evidence, the viability of the F1 hybrids and the unusual habitat occupied by both species, that they have diverged recently.
Revision of Leioproctus (Anacolletes) Michener and Description of a New Subgenus Leioproctus (Odontocolletes) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: MAYNARD G. V.
Published: April 2007

Leioproctus (Anacolletes) is revised to contain only L. (A.) bimaculatus (Smith). A new subgenus, Leioproctus (Odontocolletes), is erected. Four new species (Leioproctus (Odontocolletes) asper, L. (O.) cardaleae, L. (O.) erythropyga and L. (O.) xanthozoster) are described and L. callurus (Cockerell), L. nomiaeformis (Cockerell), L. pachyodontus (Cockerell) and L. rudissimus (Cockerell) are transferred.
Phenology of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Stone Fruit Orchards as Determined by Pheromone Trapping: Implications for Prediction of Crop Damage
Authors: JAMES DAVID G. , FAULDER RICHARD J. , VOGELE BEVERLEY , BARTELT ROBERT J. , MOORE CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: April 2007

Traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromone and fermenting bread dough were used to monitor seasonal incidence and abundance of the ripening fruit pests, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson and C. davidsoni Dobson in stone fruit orchards in the Leeton district of southern New South Wales during five seasons (1991–96). Adult beetles were trapped from September‐May, but abundance varied considerably between years with the amount of rainfall in December‐January having a major influence on population size and damage potential during the canning peach harvest (late February‐March). Below average rainfall in December‐January was associated with mean trap catches of<10 beetles/trap/week in low dose pheromone traps during the harvest period in 1991/92 and 1993/94 and no reported damage to ripening fruit. Rainfall in December‐January 1992/93 was more than double the average and mean trap catches ranged from 8–27 beetles/week during the harvest period with substantial damage to the peach crop. December‐January rainfall was also above average in 1994/95 and 1995/96 and means of 50–300 beetles/trap/week were recorded in high dose pheromone traps during harvest periods. Carpophilus spp. caused economic damage to peach crops in both seasons. These data indicate that it may be possible to predict the likelihood of Carpophilus beetle damage to ripening stone fruit in inland areas of southern Australia, by routine pheromone‐based monitoring of beetle populations and summer temperatures and rainfall.
Effect of Soil Moisture on Oviposition by Childers Canegrub, Antitrogus parvulus Britton (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: LOGAN D. P.
Published: April 2007

Ovipositing Childers beetles, Antitrogus parvulus Britton, exhibit preference for soils of certain moisture levels. In a choice trial, A. parvulus laid most eggs in soil at approximately—74 kPa (near field capacity), no or very few eggs in soil near wilting point or drier, and few eggs in soil above field capacity (approximately ‐5.7 kPa). Under no‐choice conditions most females retained their eggs if soil was near wilting point, oviposited immediately in soil near field capacity, and tended to extend egg‐laying in soil above field capacity. Females in very wet soil laid many eggs when soil was changed to near field capacity within 3 d. After 3 d there was very little egglaying response to a change to soil near field capacity.
Prevalence of Aedes camptorhynchus (Thomson) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Other Mosquitoes in the Eastern Coast of Victoria
Authors: DHILEEPAN K. , PETERS C. , PORTER A.
Published: April 2007

Adult mosquito populations were monitored using dry‐ice baited EVS light traps at weekly intervals for four seasons (1991–95) in Avon, Bairnsdale, Rosedale and Hastings, and for three seasons (1991–94) in Tambo, in the eastern coast of Victoria. Among the 20 species of adult mosquitoes recorded, Aedes camptorhynchus (Thomson) was dominant (74–99%). Higher Ae camptorhynchus adult populations were recorded in the 1992–93 and 1993–94 seasons, than in 1991–92 and 1994–95 seasons. Rosedale shire recorded higher Ae camptorhynchus adult populations than the Avon, Bairnsdale, Hastings and Tambo shires. In all shires, two peaks of Ae camptorhynchus activity reaching high (100–1,000 adults/trap) to very high (> 1,000 adults/trap) levels were recorded, with the first peak in the middle of December (summer) and the second peak in the middle of April (autumn). the Ae camptorhynchus activity in the coastal region increased with an increase in the minimum temperature.
Field Survey of Insecticide Resistance in Haematobia irritans exigua de Meijere (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: FARNSWORTH W. R. , COLLETT M. G. , RIDLEY I. S.
Published: April 2007

A survey of farms in northern New South Wales and southeastern, central, western and northern Queensland was conducted to determine levels of insecticide resistance in populations of buffalo fly Haematobia irritans exigua. A field bioassay using discriminating concentrations of 10 insecticides commonly used for buffalo fly control was used. Resistance to all synthetic pyrethroids tested (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, flumethrin and cyfluthrin) was common and widespread in coastal zones, but was lower in inland zones. In contrast, there was no resistance to the organophosphate diazinon and only low levels of resistance to ethion and chlorfenvinfos. Synergism between piperonyl butoxide and cypermethrin was demonstrated.