bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic corelation of traumatic brain injury patients at a tertiary care centre of northern India
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Pandey Surendra Kumar
Published: October 2023

India has a limited and evolving health infrastructure. A vast majority of rural and distant population are unable to access good quality treatment due to limited number of tertiary care centres in the country. Information from National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reveals that nearly 500000 deaths occur every year due to injuries and 1/3 of them are due to Road Traffic Injuries (RTI). Trauma in general and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in particular poses a major public health crisis in India and in many developing countries. TBI causes significant number of deaths, disabilities and socio-economic losses.

Selected 150 head injury patients admitted under the Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India.

The peak incidence of head injury was observed in the younger population, male deceased outnumbered female, most common cause for TBIs was RTI followed by fall from height, most of the victims had rural background, among victims students were in highest number and most belonged to low to middle income group family.

Trauma is not a 100% preventable problem but accidental deaths are preventable and the incidence of RTIs can be minimized by creating due attention in public. Global experience clearly indicates that road traffic injuries are amenable to prevention and require systematic approaches. Burden of disability can also be minimized by increasing rehabilitation services. Government should step in for implementation of traffic safety rules and driving regulations, efficient transport system for accidents victims and instructions for strict governance.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 10, no. 10, diciembre 1983
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: October 2023

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Does Green Infrastructure Work?: Precipitation, Protected Areas, Floods and Landslides
Authors: Robalino Juan , Mullan Katrina , Piaggio Matías , Guzmán Marisol
Published: October 2023

We evaluate whether floods and landslides are more likely when rain falls inside versus outside protected areas (PAs). We use monthly municipality data for the period 2000-2015 in Guatemala and monthly district data for the period 1992-2019 in Costa Rica. We define relevant catchment areas using water flows to population centers of administrative units. Then, we calculate the precipitation inside and outside PAs within the relevant catchment areas, and test how the frequency of floods and landslides is affected by whether rain falls inside or outside PAs. We use a two-way fixed effect panel data model. For Guatemala, we find no robust statistically significant effects on these types of disasters. However, in Costa Rica, we find that shifts in precipitation towards PAs reduce floods significantly. These results were highly robust. We also find effects on landslides in densely populated districts, as well as reductions in flood-related deaths.
Supuestos prácticos de Derecho Constitucional
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Sevilla Duro Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2023

Se dice de Sócrates que adoptó el diálogo como método de enseñanza: el aprendizaje como una conversación dirigida donde, de pregunta en pregunta, se lleva al interlocutor a la conclusión deseada. El secreto es, por tanto, saber hacer las preguntas correctas que permitan abordar un tema en concreto. De esta forma, en el método socrático se practica la inducción en un determinado contexto: a partir de la observación de un hecho o supuesto se reflexiona y discierne lo variable de lo fijo, lo accidental de lo sustancial, y se intenta hallar el trasfondo común, definible y permanente del asunto.Este método del caso, en síntesis, consiste en el planteamiento de un supuesto práctico, preferiblemente real o, cuanto menos, verosímil, sobre el que los estudiantes reflexionan y discuten con la dirección del profesor para, mediante las conclusiones a las que se alcancen, exponer las nociones básicas, generales y teóricas de un determinado tema. De esta forma, a la vez que los estudiantes participan tratando de resolver los supuestos prácticos de Derecho Constitucional planteados con sus conocimientos previos o a partir de lecturas propuestas antes del comienzo de la clase, van descubriendo el trasfondo jurídico de la materia sobre la que se va a profundizar. Tras la aproximación o resolución del caso por parte de los alumnos, este se reorienta, corrige y completa por el profesor.
Bioinformatics and in vitro study reveal the roles of microRNA-346 in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell damage
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China, Li Peng , Liu Qing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China, Du Zhao-Jiang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710001, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: October 2023

AIM: To study microRNAs (miRNAs) and their potential effects in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell damage.
METHODS: We screened the GSE52233 miRNA expression dataset for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). The target genes of the top 10 DEMs were predicted using miRWalk 2.0 database, followed by function enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis. miRNA expression was determined in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 treated with high glucose (HG) by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was determined using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry. The direct interaction between miRNA and targets was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine DEMs were screened, and we predicted 125 miRNA-mRNA pairs for the top 10 DEMs, including 119 target genes of seven DEMs such as miR-346, which was upregulated in diabetic retinopathy (DR). miR-346 target genes were substantially enriched in the regulation of intracellular transport and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathway. Expression of three upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR in HG-treated ARPE-19 cells. Expression of miR-346 was elevated in HG treated ARPE-19 cells in a dose-dependent manner. HG inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, which were partly reversed by transfecting an miR-346 inhibitor, which even decreased the ROS levels elevated due to HG. Argonaute 2 (AGO2) was a target of miR-346.
CONCLUSION: miR-346 is a key miRNA and plays an important role in HG-induced damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Comparison of three fundus inspection methods during phacoemulsification in diabetic white cataract
Authors:   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Su Shu , Ji Min ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Guan Yu ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Shen Yao ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Guan Huai-Jin ,   Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: October 2023

AIM: To investigate whether Wild Field Imaging System (WFIS SW-8000), 25G endoilluminator, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) can perform real-time screening and diagnosing in patients with suspicious diabetic retinopathy (DR) during phacoemulsification, especially in cases of white cataract.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 204 dense diabetic cataractous eyes of 204 patients with suspected DR treated from April 2020 to March 2021 were included. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed. Following the removal of the lens opacity, the 25G endo-illuminator, fundus photography, and iOCT were performed successively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and/or fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were used to verify the fundus findings postoperatively. Intraoperative and postoperative results were compared to verify the accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis in each group.
RESULTS: Intraoperative and postoperative examinations revealed 58 and 62 eyes with DR, respectively (positive rate, 28.43% and 30.39%, respectively). During the phacoemulsification, WFIS SW-8000 detected 44 eyes with DR (the detection rate, 70.97%); 25G endo-illuminator found 56 eyes with DR (the detection rate, 90.32%); iOCT found 46 eyes with DR (the detection rate, 74.19%); and 58 eyes with DR were found by combining the three methods (the detection rate, 93.55%). There were statistically significant differences in the diagnostic sensitivity for DR among the methods (χ2=16.36, P=0.001).
CONCLUSION: WFIS SW-8000, 25G endo-illuminator, iOCT, and especially their combination can be used to inspect the fundus and detect DR intraoperatively; they are helpful for the timely diagnosis and treatment of DR in patients with dense cataract.
Transient vacuolar changes of the crystalline lens in patients using a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Zhou Yue , Zhang Yu ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lin Zhuo-Ling ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Li Jing ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Hui ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Chen Wei-Rong ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: October 2023

AIM: To report the clinical prognosis and pathological findings of accidental lens vacuolar changes in eyes with intraoperative exposure to a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD).
METHODS: Two patients who developed transient lens vacuolar changes during uneventful persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) removal surgery were presented and followed up. This event was speculated to be associated with an intraoperative dispersive OVD DisCoVisc (hyaluronic acid 1.6%-chondroitin sulfate 4.0%) exposure. Then, to provide the pathological basis for our speculation, another four cataract patients were randomly exposed to different OVDs, and their anterior lens capsules were investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS: After months, the subcapsular vacuoles in both PPM cases were gradually disappeared without visual deterioration. For the cataract patients, similar lens changes were observed intraoperatively in those exposed to a dispersive DisCoVisc but not a cohesive OVD IVIZ (sodium hyaluronate gel 1.0%). In addition, marked ultrastructural changes, including chromatin condensation, extensive cytoplasmic vacuoles, and obvious intercellular space between lens epithelial cells in the anterior lens capsules of all eyes exposed to DisCoVisc, were observed by TEM.
CONCLUSION: The lens vacuolar changes may be associated with a dispersive OVD exposure. Therefore, it is not preferable to use dispersive OVDs in patients with transparent lenses or without the intention of lens extraction. In addition, close follow-ups instead of immediate lens extraction are recommended for the occurrence of similar lens lesions.
Efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy with uveoscleral implant plus collagen matrix implant overcoming the superficial scleral flap in glaucoma surgery
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain; International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona 08017, Spain; Department of Surgery, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain, Botella-García Jéssica , Romera-Romero Pau ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain; Department of Surgery, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain, Stijnen Theo ,   Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands, Sánchez-Fortún Adrián ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain, Mercieca Karl ,   University Hospitals Bonn Eye Clinic, Bonn, 53127, Germany, Loscos-Arenas Jordi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain; Department of Surgery, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain
Published: October 2023

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with uveoscleral implant plus subconjunctival and intrascleral collagen matrix overcoming the superficial scleral flap lips (modified deep sclerectomy technique, DS) and minimal use of mitomycin C in glaucoma surgery.
METHODS: A retrospective review of 47 consecutive glaucoma patients who underwent NPDS with DS between January 2017 and May 2018. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), post-operative need for glaucoma medications, visual field mean deviation (MD), re-interventions, needling revisions and laser goniopuncture were noted. Absolute success was defined as IOP≤18 mm Hg without topical medication. Relative success was defined as the same criteria but with the addition of any antihypertensive medication. IOP over 18 mm Hg on two consecutive follow-up visits was considered as a failure.
RESULTS: Fifty-two eyes of 47 patients were evaluated. Mean preoperative IOP was 25.37±6.47 mm Hg, and decreased to 15.04±4.73 at 12mo and 12.21±4.1 at 24mo (all P<0.0001). Requirement for topical medications dropped from a mean of 3.06±0.25 per patient to 0.51±0.99 and 1.11±1.23 respectively after 12 and 24mo (all P<0.0001). No medications were required in 45.5% of patients after 24mo. Relative and absolute success rate at 24mo were 85.5%±5% and 48.5%±7.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: DS is a safe and effective non-penetrating glaucoma surgery variation. It aims to retain the patency of all pathways created for aqueous humor drainage: the intrascleral bleb, the supraciliary space and the open communication between intrascleral and subconjunctival compartments.
Choroidal thickness measurements in young Saudi adult population: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia, Althomali Mohammed M , Albnayan Nouf M ,   Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia, Alkhudhair Abdulaziz M ,   Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia, Alanazi Muteb K ,   Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2023

AIM: To determine the choroidal thickness (CT) in young healthy Saudi adults using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with an automated CT segmentation software.
METHODS: Fifty-eight young adults (total of 116 eyes), 39 males and 19 females participated in this study between the ages of 18 and 38y (mean 22.65±3.9y). All participants underwent ophthalmic screening examination, including the SD-OCT for measurements of CT in each quadrant egmented into five eccentric regions starting from the foveal region up to 4.5 mm towards the periphery.
RESULTS: The choroid was thickest in the foveal region (central 1 mm, 300±60 µm) and began to progressively thinner beyond the parafovea (1.5–2.5 mm, 284±67 µm) towards the peripheral region (3.5–4.5 mm from the fovea, 254±83 µm). The superior choroid showed the thickest profile (309±57 µm), while the nasal choroid exhibited the thinnest (229±76 µm). The rate of the thinning with increasing eccentricity was more predominant in the nasal choroid, which thinned from the foveal region (294±58 µm) to the peripheral region (158±55 µm). The superior and inferior choroid did not show a statistically significant thinning with eccentricity (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the CT between gender, age, and laterality of the eyes (all P>0.05). A significant association of myopia with thinner subfoveal choroid was observed (Pearson’s, r=0.37), and regression analysis showed that a 10.3 µm choroidal thinning for each diopter increase of myopia.
CONCLUSION: CT profile depends on eccentric and the quadrant. The CT profile across the measured area in the young Saudi adult population is comparable to other previous reports. Refractive error is critical for CT evaluation.
Role of lymphotoxin alpha as a new molecular biomarker in revolutionizing tear diagnostic testing for dry eye disease
Authors:   Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 310011, China, Li Chao-Ran
Published: October 2023

Dry eye disease (DED), primarily classified as multifactorial ocular surface disorder, afflicts tens of millions of individuals worldwide, adversely impacting their quality of life. Extensive research has been conducted on tear film analysis over the past decades, offering a range of tests to evaluate its volume, health, and integrity. Yet, early diagnosis and effective treatment for DED continue to pose significant challenges in clinical settings. Nevertheless, by recognizing key phenomena in DED such as ocular surface inflammation, hyperosmolarity, and tear film instability, this article provides a comprehensive overview of both traditional and recently developed methods for diagnosing and monitoring DED. The information serves as a valuable resource not only for clinical diagnosis but also for further research into DED.
Dostop platformnih delavcev v dejavnosti oglaševanja do kolektivnega dogovarjanja
Authors: Polajžar Aljoša
Published: October 2023

V prispevku so obravnavani pravni vidiki dostopa platformnih delavcev (v kontekstu dejavnosti oglaševanja) do kolektivnega dogovarjanja. Iz analize izhaja, da vezanost dostopa do kolektivnega dogovarjanja na zaposlitveni status (delavca v delovnem razmerju) ni ustrezna pravna rešitev. Pod določenimi kriteriji so tudi osebe, ki opravljajo delo izven delovnega razmerja, izvzete iz pojma podjetja oziroma omejitev konkurenčnega prava po 101. členu PDEU, ki sicer lahko predstavlja pravno oviro za dostop do kolektivnega dogovarjanja. Po Smernicah o uporabi konkurenčnega prava Unije za kolektivne pogodbe v zvezi z delovnimi pogoji samozaposlenih oseb brez zaposlenih je glavni kriterij dejstvo, da gre za samozaposleno osebo brez zaposlenih. Nadalje morajo biti te samozaposlene osebe brez zaposlenih ekonomsko odvisne od nasprotne pogodbene stranke ali pa opravljati delo preko digitalnih platform dela.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors:   Academician Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614000, Russia, Borodulina I. I. ,   Perm Regional Clinical Hospital, Perm, 614990, Russia, Karakulova Yu. V. ,   Academician Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614000, Russia, Elovikov A. M. ,   Academician Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614000, Russia, Voronchikhina N. V. ,   Academician Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614000, Russia
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of assessing the psychoemotional status and the content of serotonin in peripheral blood in patients with the most common cause of systemic peripheral vertigo–benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). 35 patients with otolithiasis accompanied by BPPV were examined. The control group of the study consisted of 15 healthy individuals. The assessment of the psychoemotional status and the level of quality of life of patients was carried out using specialized scales and questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the CES-D Questionnaire Scale (depression), the Spielberger–Hanin test (situational and personal anxiety), a questionnaire to identify signs of autonomic changes (Vane A. M., 1998), Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire (VRBQ). Quantitative determination of serotonin (ng/mL) in peripheral blood serum was carried out by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical data processing was carried out using the program Statistica 10.0 (USA). In the conducted study, clinically significant signs of anxiety and depression according to the HADS and CES-D scales were not detected in patients with BPPV, a moderate level of reactive and personal anxiety was observed according to the Spielberger–Hanin test. There was a significant decrease in the quality of life (48.6%). A significant decrease in the level of peripheral blood serotonin was revealed in BPPV, a statistically significant correlation with the indicator of personal anxiety of this group of patients was obtained. Features of personal and reactive anxiety (as a background state) in patients with BPPV should be considered as a risk of developing functional dizziness. It is likely that a decrease in serotonin in the blood serum may contribute to the pathogenetic mechanisms of vertigo, considering the diverse connections of the serotonergic and vestibular functional systems. The results obtained require further research.
CONCORDE Meteorological Analysis (CMA) - Data Guide
Authors: Fitzpatrick Patrick , Lau Yee
Published: October 2023

CONCORDE is the CONsortium for oil spill exposure pathways in COastal River-Dominated Ecosystems (CONCORDE), and is an interdisciplinary research program funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) to conduct scientific studies of the impacts of oil, dispersed oil and dispersant on the Gulf’s ecosystem (Greer et al. 2018). A CONCORDE goal is to implement a synthesis model containing circulation and biogeochemistry components of the Northern Gulf of Mexico shelf system which can ultimately aid in prediction of oil spill transport and impacts. The CONCORDE Meteorological Analysis (CMA) is an hourly gridded NetCDF dataset which provides atmospheric forcing for the synthesis model. CMA includes a variety of parameters from multiple sources. The Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA; De Pondeca et al. 2011) provides the surface momentum and the thermodynamic atmospheric data. The radiation parameters and total cloud cover percentage are from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) Forecast System fields. The hourly precipitation is extracted from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Level-III. Gridded sea surface temperature fields (SST) are computed daily using a 10-day running mean of the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SST product. The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment flux (COARE) algorithm calculates sensible heat flux and surface momentum stresses (Fairall et al. 2003). CMA’s spatial domain’s lowest west grid point is at 90.13°W, 29°N, and the highest east grid point is at 87.05°W, 30.94°N. The grid spacing is 0.01 degree, and the grid dimension is 309 by 195.
Bir Uyumsuzun Notları: Tomris Uyar’ın Güncelerine Yansıyan Çocukluk ve Gençlik Hatıraları
Authors: YAZBAHAR Zehra , ÇELİK Anıl
Published: October 2023

Bireyin duygu ve düşüncelerinin yanında günlük yaşantısı, deneyimleri, izlenimleri veya kişisel zevkleri hakkında da bilgi veren günlük, kişinin kendini ifade etme yollarından birisi olarak karşımıza çıkar. Anıların ve deneyimlerin saklanıp korunması için fırsat sağlayarak geçmiş ve geleceğe ışık tutar. Türk edebiyatındaki örnekleri roman, hikâye ve şiire göre az olsa da Salâh Birsel, Nigâr Hanım, Nurullah Ataç, Oktay Akbal, Ömer Seyfettin, Cemil Meriç, Muzaffer Buyrukçu, Demir Özlü, Adalet Ağaoğlu gibi yazarlar, günlük türünde eser ortaya koyan isimlerdir. Genellikle hikâyeleri ile ön plana çıkan Tomris Uyar da Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Edebiyatı’nın günlük yazarları arasında yer alır. Günceleri boyunca anımsamalar yoluyla çocukluk ve gençlik zamanlarına dönüşler yapan yazarın duygu ve düşünce dünyasını yansıtan tutum ve davranışlarının kökenleri bu dönemlere dek uzanır. Sosyal çevresi ve özel ilişkilerini kurduğu insanların önemli bir kısmı yine bu yıllarda hayatına dâhil olur. Aynı zamanda edebî şahsiyeti, büyük ölçüde çocukluk ve gençlik dönemlerindeki kazanımları üzerine kurulur. Bu makalede Tomris Uyar’ın güncelerine yansıyan çocukluk ve gençlik yıllarındaki hatıralarına yer verilmiş, böylece yazarın bakış açısını, hayat görüşünü, karakteristik özelliklerini ve edebiyat yaşamını etkileyen pek çok niteliğin bu yıllarda ortaya çıktığı gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diğer bir ifadeyle çalışmamızda Tomris Uyar’ın günceleri, bahsi geçen periyottaki verilerden hareketle incelenerek yazarın o yıllardaki duyusal ve düşünsel dünyası aktarılmıştır.
İngiliz John Newberie’nin Doğu Seyahatleri ve Seyahat Notları (1578-1585)
Authors: BOZKUŞ Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2023

Londralı bir tüccar, seyyah ve yazar olan John Newbery, Türkiye Şirketini (Levant Şirketi) kurmaya öncülük edecek olan Edward Osborne ve Richard Staper’dan destek alarak 1578-1579 yıllarında doğuya ilk seyahatini düzenlemiştir. Onun bu ilk seferi daha çok keşif mahiyetindedir. 1580 ve 1583’te olmak üzere iki yolculuk daha düzenleyecektir. Edward Osborne ve Richard Staper ise bir taraftan da Lehistan üzerinden İstanbul’a temsilciler göndererek III. Murad’dan, İngiliz William Harborne adına Türk sınırlarından geçiş serbestisini sağlayan bir mürur tezkiresi almayı başarmışlardır. Bu geçiş izni daha da genişleyerek 1580 yılında Osmanlılar tarafından İngiliz vatandaşlarına tanınan hakları kapsayan 22 maddelik bir ahidnameye dönüşmüştür. Fakat ertesinde, özellikle İstanbul’daki Fransız elçi Germigny’nin İngilizlere karşı diplomatik girişimleri, İngilizlerin daha rahat hareket edebilmek için, Eylül 1581’de Türkiye Şirketi’ni kurmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Şirket 1591 yılında Venedik Şirketi ile birleşerek Levant Şirketi (Kumpanyası) ismini almıştır. Türk-İngiliz ilişkilerinin geliştiği böyle bir dönemde İngilizler bir taraftan İstanbul’da faaliyette bulunurken John Newbery ise farklı bir yol takip ederek, Suriye üzerinden Basra Körfezi’ne oradan da Hindistan’a gitmenin yollarını aramıştır. Bu yönüyle Newbery İngilizler için öncü bir kâşiftir. Her ne kadar yolculukları esnasında çeşitli zorluklar yaşasa da bu zorluklar onun kararlılığını arttırmıştır. İkinci seyahatinde Basra ve Bağdat’tan sonra altı hafta da Hürmüz’de kalmış ve burada Arapçasını yetkin bir hale getirmiştir. Son seyahatini yapmadan evvel, Londra’da bulunduğu Kasım 1582 ile Şubat 1583 arasında yakından tanıdığı anlaşılan John Dee ve Richard Hakluyt’a ziyaretler yaparak onlardan Hindistan ile ilgili bilgiler öğrenmiştir. Nihayet Mart 1583’te başladığı son yolculukta Hindistan’a kadar ulaşmayı başarmış ancak bu gerçekten de onun son yolculuğu olmuş, dönüş yolunda nasıl ve nerede olduğu bilmeyen bir şekilde ölmüştür. Onun tüm seyahatleri hakkında bilgiler mevcuttur. İlk iki seyahati kendi tuttuğu seyahatnamede, üçüncü seyahati ise Ralph Fitch ve Linschoten gibi dönemin diğer seyyahların eserlerinde kayıtlıdır. Bu makale, John Newbery’nin seyahatlerini İngiltere’de yaşanan gelişmeler ışığında ele almakta olup, seyahatnamenin kısmi bir çevirisini de içermektedir.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın ‘‘Annem İçin’’ İsimli Şiirinin Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Temalara Uygunluk Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Tuğrul Gökmen , SANDIKCI Uğur
Published: October 2023

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar (1901-1962), Türk şiirinin önemli isimlerinden biridir. Ahmet Hamdi’nin şiiri; kullandığı teknikler, imajların çokluğu, anlamın kapalılığı ve dili kullanma yöntemleri ile özüne ulaşılması zor bir şiirdir. Şiirde rüya ve zaman kavramlarını kullanarak saf şiire ulaşmayı amaçlamış ve bunun yanında varlık ile yokluk arasındaki çatışmadan beslenerek eserler vermiştir. Varlık ile yokluğu ele alırken kullandığı temalar arasında ölüm ve yalnızlık birçok eleştirmenin dikkatini çekmiş ve Ahmet Hamdi’nin şiirleri üzerine günümüze kadar çok sayıda inceleme yapılmıştır. Ahmet Hamdi’nin ölüm ve yalnızlık temalarına yoğunluk vermesindeki en büyük etken annesini henüz 13 yaşında iken kaybetmesidir. Ölüm teması üzerine şiirler yazan şair, annesi Nesime Bahriye Hanım için de şiirler yazmıştır ve bunlardan birisi ‘‘Annem İçin’’ şiiridir. Çalışmada Ahmet Hamdi’nin ‘‘Annem İçin’’ şiirinin Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan temalara uygunluğuna bakılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi durum deseni tercih edilmiştir. Veriler betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Erdemler, millî kültürümüz; birey ve toplum, okuma kültürü, iletişim, hak ve özgürlükler, duygular ve sanat temalarına ilişkin şiirde göndermeler görülmektedir. Milli dil zevkine varılmasında öncülük eden yeni ifade olanakları sunan kimi zaman örtük kimi zaman uzak çağrışımlar kullanarak duyguların daha iyi dile getirilmesini sağlayan Ahmet Hamdi’yi yeni nesille tanıştırmak için ders kitaplarının en iyi materyal olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Sonuç olarak çalışmadaki bulgular ışığında uygun temalar esas alındığında “Annem İçin” şiiri ders kitaplarında yer bulacak şiirleri arasındadır.
Cihan Aktaş’ın Hikâye ve Romanlarında "Değer" Kavramı
Authors: AYYILDIZ Mustafa , CANLI AKTÜRK Esra
Published: October 2023

Cihan Aktaş, farklı edebi türlerde kaleme aldığı eserlerinde kadın, sanat, toplumsal hayat, düşünce hareketleri, kamusallık ve siyaset sorunlarına çözümleyici bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşır, yaşanan çatışma ve olayların sebeplerine dikkat çekerek bu konuları inceleyen pek çok edebi eseri de kaleme alır. 1980 sonrası dönemde, ihtilal yıllarında eser veren yazar, dindar insanların karşılaştığı sorunlar ve insan özgürlüğünü kısıtlayan engeller karşısında kayıtsız kalmaz. Eserlerinde modern hayatın getirdiği değişimler ve kadın karakterlerin yanı sıra yazarın üzerinde durduğu bir başka tema da göç kavramıdır. Hikâye ve romanlarının temelini hayatı, dünya görüşü ve sanat anlayışının oluşturduğu sanatkâr; yazar, mimar, sinema eleştirmeni, gazeteci ve fikir insanı gibi çok yönlü kimliğiyle Türk edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahiptir.

Bu çalışmada Cihan Aktaş tarafından kaleme alınan 13 hikâye ve 5 roman türündeki eserlerde yer alan değer kavramları incelenmiştir. Betimsel nitelikte genel tarama modeli kullandığımız çalışmamızda belirlediğimiz 25 değer bakımından ilgili eserler taranmıştır. Yapılan incelemede değerlerin ele alınış yönleri tespit edilerek değerlerle ilgili sonuçlara varılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde eserlerde inanç, sevgi, temizlik, aileye verilen önem değerlerine sıkça rastlanırken kanaatkârlık ve özgürlük değerleri üzerinde daha az durulduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İncelediğimiz eserlerde değer kavramına yönelik olumsuz iletiler ise bulunmamaktadır.
Changes in Intestinal Microflora Diversity of Diarrhea Calves among Different Seasons using Metagenomic Sequencing Analysisor
Authors: Cai Yumei , Li Yazi , Chang Liyun , Wang Xiaoyue , Li Chenghui , Liu Zhiyong , Dong Lixue
Published: October 2023

Background: To improve the prevention and control of diseases and level of feeding management of newborn calves, diversity analysis of their gut microbiota was conducted to explore the changes in their gut microbiota during different seasons. Methods: Based on metagenomic sequencing and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the diversity of gut microbiota, functional abundance, and differences in resistance genes of diarrhea calves in different seasons were analyzed. Result: At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have always been significant dominant microbiota in the four seasons; at the genus level, Bacteroides exists in all four seasons; the variation pattern of microbial communities in different seasons and the relative abundance will change in different seasons. The analysis of Beta diversity shows that compared to the gut microbiota of calves in summer and autumn, the diversity and richness of the microbiota in winter and spring are relatively high. The annotation of the gut microbiota of diarrhea calves through the KEGG database showed that the proportion of genes with metabolic function (Metabolism) was the highest. The annotation gene results showed that amino acid metabolism was the most abundant among metabolic functions. Through functional annotation of CARD, it was found that the types and numbers of antibiotic resistance genes corresponding to the gut microbiota of calves vary in different seasons, with tetW/N/W (the gene name should be in italics) being the main enriched antibiotic resistance gene type. At the same time, potential pathogenicity prediction also found a significant increase in disease risk in the winter group. Spring and winter being the seasons with high incidence of digestive tract diseases in calves.
Migratory raptors in Imam Turki Bin Abdullah royal nature reserve: a biodiversity hotspot in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Royal Nature Reserve Development Authority, Kabeer B. , Shahadah Y.K. ,   Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Royal Nature Reserve Development Authority, Raseni R.M. ,   Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Royal Nature Reserve Development Authority
Published: October 2023

Saudi Arabia, encompassing 1,969,000 km2, is a home to rich array of bird species across its diverse ecosystems. The Imam Turki bin Abdullah Royal Reserve (ITBA), situated in the northern part of the kingdom, holds a varied topography and habitat diversity that makes it a haven for migratory birds. This ecological richness attracts a diversity of diurnal raptor species, which utilize the reserve for stopovers during migration and as breeding grounds. ITBA's strategic location places it along global migratory routes, making it essential stopover for migratory falcons and various other bird of prey species. This underlines the reserve's critical role in international avian conservation efforts. A rapid assessment survey of the reserve's core area, known as Al-Taysia, has resulted in the documentation of 54 confirmed bird species, with an anticipated total of 198 species. These findings are derived from the initial ecological survey, providing invaluable insights into the reserve's avifauna. Birds of prey are a prominent feature of ITBA's avian diversity. These amazing hunters include eagles, hawks, and falcons. The reserve's abundant prey base and suitable breeding territories make it an attractive destination for these magnificent birds. The survey revealed several raptor species, including the globally threatened Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) and the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) and other raptor species. In conclusion, the ITBA reserve in Saudi Arabia serves as a crucial hub for migratory diurnal raptors and a diverse range of other avian species, offering them a safe place during migration and breeding. The base line study highlights the significance of ITBA in the conservation of bird species, particularly raptors, it calls for immediate action to safeguard this unique habitat, ensuring the continued survival of its migratory and resident avian species.
Raptors Mortality in Northwest Rajasthan, India (2017–2022)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Seth G.B. Podar College, Bohra D.L. , Rao M.S. ,   Department of Zoology, Government Science College
Published: October 2023

A major contributing factor in declining populations of vultures is believed to be the widespread use of drugs such as Diclofenac, once commonly-used as a livestock anti-inflammatory drug. Use of Diclofenac is now banned in India. However, during the last 3 years, vulture’s death cases are increasing not only in Rajasthan but also in other parts of India. From 2017–2022, a total of 791 vultures of 3 species i.e. Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), Cinereous Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), and Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) and 231 Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis) were found dead at Jorbeer dumping site. Jorbeer has been declared as conserved forest area, but dead livestock dumping site is not part of the protected area. The dramatic vulture decline observed across India leads to the emergence of a range of new ecological threats by influencing the numbers and distribution of other scavenging species. Increased feral dog populations have been reported all over in India, posing many associated disease risks, such as rabies, to humans and wildlife. India already has a very high incidence of rabies, and a severe shortage of quality rabies vaccine in rural areas could further aggravate the problem. Similarly, increased crow populations at carcass dumps in vicinity of settlements pose a risk of infections to poultry, domesticated birds, avian & humans. The situation has improved slightly after the ban on diclofenac (veterinary and human use) in India since 2015, but other drugs used to treat livestock continue to kill migratory raptors and vultures in northern India. The main drugs involved into this are Ketoprofen and Phenylbutazone. The existence of only a small proportion (<0.8%) of ungulate carcasses containing lethal levels of such drugs is sufficient to cause a rapid decline in vulture populations. Strategic planning is needed to protect migratory vultures and eagles from Russia, Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries. While the number of vultures is declining day by day, the death toll in Rajasthan is a major part of the world percentage.
Thirteen years of Aquila dataloggers
Authors:   Aquila, Bartoszuk K.
Published: October 2023

Since 2010, the “Aquila” company is offering GPS/GSM dataloggers. It started with 35 g units, that were further developed into 22 g devices. Already then, the goal was to withstand the harshest possible conditions – especially during European winter. Simultaneously the GSM technology provided more economic form of tracking compared to satellite devices. These two goals had been achieved and together with competitive performance features – like fix every 3 minutes (with possibility of direct dispatch to the server) – plus innovative and user-friendly data portal, have helped researching and conserving birds in many parts of the world, as well as have proved to be a reliable and outstanding product on the market. Now, after 13 years, it is time for new models and new technologies. With 9 g devices and internet transmission begins a new era…
Status of the Eastern Imperial Eagle in Hungary Between 2019 and 2023
Authors:   MME BirdLife Hungary, Horváth M. , Juhász T. ,   Hortobágy National Park Directorate, Fatér I. ,   MME BirdLife Hungary, Deák G. ,   MME BirdLife Hungary, Árvay M. ,   MME BirdLife Hungary, Pásztory-Kovács S. ,   University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: October 2023

The Hungarian population of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is closely monitored by MME BirdLife Hungary and the ranger service of the Hungarian national park directorates since 1980. The population is slowly, but continuously increasing during the last four decades and the average population growth rate is 11% and the number of estimated nesting population has increased from 230–240 pairs (2018) to 400–450 (2023). The distribution area is also still expanding to the south and the species colonised new areas especially in Bács-Kiskun, Csongrád and Győr-Moson-Sopron counties, but even spread to Serbia and Romania. The breeding density also increased in the core areas of the breeding range especially in Heves, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok and Békés counties, which hold the most important stronghold of the species in the Pannonian basin. Besides, the average breeding success also increased to 1.54 fledgling/breeding pair and 1.91 fledgling/successful pair by 2022. The prevalence of raptor poisoning incidents decreased and were kept at a relatively low level between 2014–2022 thanks to specific and complex conservation measures with the help of the EU’s LIFE Nature programme (HELICON and PannonEagle LIFE projects). Due to the significant increase of the population and the limited capacity of the working group, the national monitoring protocol has been changed in 2023. The key parameters of the national population (i.e. no. of nesting pairs, no. of chicks) is still monitored by the ranger service of the Hungarian national park directorates. On the other hand, the complex monitoring program of MME BirdLife Hungary, which is gathering detailed data on breeding performance (including ringing and drone surveillance, diet and genetic analyses) is focusing only on selected sample areas, which recently covers 50% of the population (ca. 200 pairs).
Power lines – a call for action!
Authors:   African Vultures, Neser W. ,   Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
Published: October 2023

Power lines are well known to be a significant anthropogenic threat to bird populations globally. Research in this field is growing, and there are already masses of data available. Unfortunately, (with some notable exceptions), there is a lot more research than hands on action. Given that we already know the problems, I would like to motivate people to work on making changes, using the already available knowledge, and show some examples of how we are going about making a difference, based on the work done in South Africa and Israel. For the presented cases, we start from looking at finished risk maps and models, and head right into the field with ground truthing, followed by the challenges of working with vs against (using public or legal pressure) electricity utility companies to address threats reactively, but also how we manage to get companies to strategically mitigate proactively, which brings significantly reduced electrocution rates. We then discus the pros and cons of various mitigation methods, touch on pole design (re-design) research and tests in captive environment through to the deployment of re-designed (safe) structures to become the default structure in use. Ideally, other participants could bring examples of their challenges and we shall discuss different approaches towards their solutions (workshop).
Wind Farm Impacts on Birds and Bats: Planning, Baseline Studies, Mitigation and Monitoring Overview
Authors:   Biodiversity Node S.L. Sector Foresta, Fernández-Mellado R. , García de la Morena E.L. ,   Biodiversity Node S.L. Sector Foresta
Published: October 2023

Onshore wind energy has undergone enormous development over the last decade globally. Looking only at the European Union (EU), 11 GW were installed in 2021 alone. But the predictions are even higher for the period 2022–2026. If we focus our attention only on the group of 27 EU countries, the average annual installed onshore wind capacity is expected to be 18 GW. In Kazakhstan, wind energy has been installed so far in a small number of projects, although it has enormous capacity for expansion. The government has established a wind energy development programme until 2030, which foresees the installation of 2 GW (around 400 wind turbines). But this technology is not free of impacts on biodiversity, and especially on birds and bats. The main effects on these groups are: direct habitat loss due to vegetation removal; habitat degradation due to light and noise impacts; habitat fragmentation; loss of connectivity and the barrier effect on local and regional wildlife migrations; death by direct collision (or barotrauma in the case of bats); or increased predation rates by opportunistic predators. Therefore, only through planning, good baseline studies, use of the best-known mitigation measures, and adequate monitoring of the actual effects caused in the operation phase will it be possible to mitigate their effects. Our presentation gives an overview of the main effects on biodiversity that have been detected in Europe for wind energy, finally reviewing the main mitigation and monitoring measures employed, so that during the development of this technology in Kazakhstan, the best existing knowledge can be used as a starting point.
Modeling a new form of oil-oxidizing preparations in the form of cell agglomerates of mixed cultures of microorganisms stabilized by polyelectrolytes and salts of higher fatty acids
Authors: Tarabukin D. , Schemelinina T. , Anchugova E. , Markarova M.
Published: October 2023

he efficiency of application of cationic polyacrylamide and its hydrophobized derivative at the stage of cell biomass separation from the cell cultures fluid is estimated. Cells of oil-degrading microorganisms obtained from mixed culture fluid by flocculation and flotation retain their viability for further use in the treatment of oil-contaminated soils under non-sterile conditions. The application of a new form of oil-oxidizing preparation resulted in a 40 % reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon content in the contaminated soil.
Floristic diversity of the Lower Ob River floodplain in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Authors: Morozova L. , Golovatin M.
Published: October 2023

Information on the flora of the Lower Ob River floodplain being about 500 km long within the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) has been summarized for the first time. The taxonomic diversity of the floodplain flora is considered in the latitudinal aspect. The total number of taxa is 322 including 301 species, 18 subspecies and three species variations. The taxa belong to 155 genera and 56 families. They are given in the alphabetical order. The floristic richness of floodplain vegetation changes and the Sørensen coefficient between floras of the study areas decreases from south to north are shown. 21 % of taxa are found throughout the whole floodplain territory. The proportions of the identified flora are considered in comparison with the floodplain flora of the Middle and Upper Ob. The authors have found new habitats of four taxa listed in the Red Data Book of the YNAO (2010), four from Appendix 1 of the Red Data Book and 29 taxa being rare for the territory of the Okrug, including two listed for the Okrug for the first time.
The biotechnology of railroad crashed stone ballast remediation with simultaneous producing of fatty acids suitable as biodiesel precursors
Authors: Schemelinina T. , Anchugova E.
Published: October 2023

The authors have developed the biotechnology of railroad crashed stone ballast remediation with simultaneous producing of fatty acids suitable as biodiesel precursors using the algal-bacterial-yeast consortium and the biogeosorbent on its basis.

The efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons removal during exposition to biological aditives under vigorous stirring was 97–98 %. Even on the repeated use of the same suspension, the optimal number of cycles to tumble ballast efficiently was determined to be 5. A decline of the petroleum hydrocarbon content to acceptable norms for the allowable residual content of oil in the soil was achieved in 90 days after plowed-down application of tank bottoms.

Fatty acids of the suspension of the algal-bacterial-yeast consortium have a low value of the unsaturation degree suggesting the high biofuel oxidation stability. The cetane number, iodine value, and physicochemical properties of renewable fuels produced comply with the requirements of the European Standard EN 14 214 and the Russian National Standard 33131–2014, regardless of the exposure time.