bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-principles excitons in periodic systems with Gaussian density fitting and Ewald potential functions
Authors: García-Blázquez M. A. , Palacios J. J.
Published: February 2025

Excitons, namely, neutral excitations in a system of electrons arising from the electron-hole interaction, are often essential to explain optical measurements in materials. They are governed by the Bethe-Salpeter equation, which can be cast into a matrix form that is formally analogous to the one for electrons at the mean-field level. However, constructing the corresponding excitonic Hamiltonian in practice is challenging, specially from a computational perspective if one wishes to surpass effective models. Methods that enable such calculations from the different density-functional theory frameworks currently available are, therefore, convenient. In this work, we present an approach to solve the BSE starting from a self-consistent calculation in any nonmetallic solid by evaluating the electron-hole kernel in real space with a localized, Gaussian-type basis. It is based on the Gaussian density fitting or resolution of the identity approximation to reduce the initial quartic scaling in the basis dimension, in combination with the use of Ewald-type potential functions to automatically sum the conditionally convergent lattice series. The method inherits the features of the localized basis, in particular the reduced computational requirements due to the small and tunable Hilbert-space dimension, the natural adaptation to lower-dimensional systems or the possibility to evaluate optical matrix elements exactly. As an illustration of the computational implementation, we provide examples of exciton spectra and optical absorption in some paradigmatic 2D and 3D materials where the single-particle approximation fails qualitatively.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
The first report of structural analysis of a nucleic acid using crystals grown in space
Authors: Ando Shin , Takahashi Moena , Kondo Jiro
Published: February 2025

For the success of structure-based drug design, three-dimensional structures solved by X-ray crystallography at atomic resolution are mandatory. In order to obtain high-quality single crystals with strong diffraction power, crystallization under microgravity conditions has been attempted for proteins. Since nucleic acid duplexes have chemical, structural and crystallographic characteristics that differ from those of globular proteins, such as intermolecular repulsion due to negative charge and molecular and crystallographic anisotropies, it is interesting to investigate whether microgravity crystallization improves the crystal growth of nucleic acids. However, to our knowledge there has been only one report on nucleic acid crystallization in a microgravity environment, and there have been no reports of successful structural analysis. Here, we conducted the crystallization of a DNA/RNA heteroduplex in space. The heteroduplex was successfully crystallized in a microgravity environment, and the size and appearance of the crystals were improved compared with control experiments conducted on Earth. Although the effect of the counter-diffusion method is likely to be more significant than the effect of microgravity in this study, we were able to analyze the structure at a higher resolution (1.4 Å) than our previously reported crystal structure (1.9 Å).
Enhancing willingness and enrollment in the national health insurance program in Madhesh Province, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Saroj , Suksaroj Thunwadee , Laosee Orapin , Rattanapan Cheerawit , Janmaimool Piyapong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the willingness of household heads in Madhesh Province, Nepal, to enroll in the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) and examines the contextual barriers that may hinder this enrollment.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 319 household heads through face-to-face interviews from May 15 to June 13, 2023. The ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) framework guided the assessment, employing bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to identify significant factors influencing willingness.

Findings

Over 80% of respondents were willing to enroll in NHIP, driven by significant factors such as perceived susceptibility to health issues (AOR = 15.65) and knowledge about NHIP benefits (AOR = 2.20). However, contextual barriers such as the lack of enrollment assistants (73%) and inadequate healthcare package offerings (53%) were prevalent, highlighting that despite a strong desire to enroll, these barriers prevent many from taking action.

Research limitations/implications

The findings highlight the need to address contextual barriers, such as expanding NHIP benefit packages and enhancing enrollment support, to convert willingness into action.

Practical implications

To enhance enrollment rates, it is crucial to address these barriers by increasing the availability of enrollment assistants and improving healthcare packages.

Social implications

Strengthening NHIP can reduce high out-of-pocket expenditures and contribute to achieving universal health coverage in Nepal.

Originality/value

This study provides critical insights into the factors affecting NHIP enrollment in one of Nepal’s lowest-enrollment regions, offering actionable recommendations for policy improvements.
Cash waqf engagement among Malaysian millennials: the digitization of generosity
Authors: Sanusi Soliha , Saedon Rozana , Muhammad Aliyu Dahiru , Omar Zaki Hafizah , Ghazali Aziatul Waznah
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the determinants of cash waqf contributions among Malaysian millennials through digital platforms.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study employed the Technology Acceptance Model with 328 respondents from Malaysia. A self-administrative questionnaire was developed and distributed using both online and physical survey methods. Partial least squares analysis was performed on the data using the Smart PLS 4.0 modeling package.

Findings

The results show that attitude, digital literacy, ease of use and waqf knowledge influenced Malaysian millennials to make cash contributions through digital platforms. However, trust in waqf institutions and waqf usefulness factors did not significantly affect Malaysian millennials’ decision to contribute cash waqf.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings have significant theoretical and practical ramifications for applying the Technology Acceptance Model and attracting millennials to contribute cash waqf.

Originality/value

The study adds new value to the literature. The focus of this study, which targets units of analysis among millennials, has received very little attention in the literature related to cash waqf in digital platforms.
Determinants of student satisfaction in private universities: examining the impact of academic staff quality
Authors: Wisenthige Krishantha , Pathirana Udeshika , Perera Bimsara , Wijesinghe Kevin , Wijethunga Anjana
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The study utilized a quantitative approach to investigate student satisfaction, focusing on the lecturers’ knowledge, quality of delivery, student support and evaluation. The population included second- to fourth-year undergraduates, data from a sample of 600 were collected through a structured questionnaire using stratified random sampling and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this study is to examine the various dimensions of academic staff quality that affect student satisfaction within a selected private higher educational institute in Sri Lanka, providing a clear understanding of the dimensions of academic staff quality and recognizing the important role of the said dimensions in shaping the educational experience of the students.

Findings

Results revealed that effective support for students, lectures’ broader knowledge, quality of delivery and quality of evaluation were significant predictors of student satisfaction and that they are crucial indicators of how strong the impact of the academic staff is in contributing to overall undergraduate student satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study filled a gap in higher education research in Sri Lanka by offering empirical evidence on the impact of academic staff quality on satisfaction among students in private universities. It serves as a valuable reference for those exploring higher education concepts, providing a novel understanding of the influence of the key component of academic staff quality.
Workplace bullying in surgery: exploring the drivers and mitigators
Authors: Gretton-Watson Paul , Leggat Sandra G. , Oakman Jodi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the drivers and mitigators of workplace bullying in surgical environments in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, utilizing social identity theory (SIT) and contemporary models of psychological safety. It introduces the concept of personality traits as a bridging factor between drivers and mitigators.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 surgeons. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, was used to map findings to the SIT framework and incorporate psychological safety and personality theory.

Findings

Key drivers of workplace bullying include entrenched hierarchical power structures, gender dynamics and early socialization in competitive environments. The “bad apple” phenomenon, where personality traits such as narcissism and low emotional intelligence exacerbate bullying, contrasts with individuals demonstrating empathy and interpersonal awareness, who mitigate such behaviors. Effective leadership, generational shifts and team stability through procedural inclusion are key mitigators that promote psychological safety and collaboration.

Research limitations/implications

Sample diversity, self-reporting bias and temporal context may impact the generalizability of findings across broader health and surgical settings in contemporary practice.

Practical implications

Addressing entrenched power imbalances and fostering inclusive leadership and practices are critical to mitigating bullying. Promoting psychological safety and leveraging generational change can reshape surgical culture, leading to healthier teams and improved patient outcomes.

Originality/value

This study bridges SIT with theories of personality and psychological safety, offering new perspectives on how individual traits and systemic dynamics shape bullying behaviors and culture in surgical teams, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Brand love and customer brand engagement for masstige: a cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Shahid Shadma , Husain Rehan , Islam Jamid Ul , Hollebeek Linda D.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Masstige (mass-produced and affordable luxury) goods are receiving increasing literature-based attention. However, despite existing advances, insight into how different cultural backgrounds shape consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviors toward masstige goods remains tenuous. Correspondingly, this study aims to examine the association of masstige luxury with customers’ love for and brand engagement with masstige products across cultures.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a sample comprising 342 Indian and 354 Canadian masstige customers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Findings

The results corroborate brand prestige and identification as key antecedents to customers’ love for masstige brands, which in turn impact their brand engagement. Surprisingly, the authors find that the effects of brand prestige and brand identification on brand love and customer brand engagement do not significantly differ between Indian and Canadian customers. However, the positive effect of brand identification and brand love on customer brand engagement is stronger for Indian customers than for Canadian customers.

Research limitations/implications

This study addresses an important literature-based gap in understanding how cultural backgrounds shape consumer perceptions of masstige brands. It offers key theoretical and practical implications for masstige marketing.

Practical implications

Identifying differential effects among Indian and Canadian customers provides a foundation for tailoring marketing approaches in the masstige sector.

Originality/value

This study addresses a critical literature-based gap in understanding how cultural backgrounds shape consumer perceptions of masstige brands, offering key theoretical and practical implications for masstige marketing.
Extending actor engagement: human–environmental engagement in multilevel socioecological systems
Authors: Muñiz-Martínez Norberto
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This research aims to demonstrate the extension of actor engagement to include human–environmental engagement within broader socioecological systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This work takes the perspective of Neo-animist Ontology which posits that since non-human biotic entities act as ecological and cultural resource integrators they should be considered as actors. In addition, the present article uses the concept of Nature’s Contributions to People, here renamed Nature’s Contributions to Humans (NCHs) to demonstrate the complex cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of human–environmental interaction. The work also draws on existing concepts of actor engagement within multilevel socioecological systems.

Findings

This study offers a conceptual framework within which to understand how the complex interactions between humans and natural entities produce human–environmental engagement. It also provides evidence for three forms of human–environmental engagement, that is, purposeful involvement between humans and nature (natural ecosystems and non-human bioactors) with cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions. These engagement types have been termed: Nature–human regulating engagement; Nature–human material and cultural engagement; and Mindful engagement with nature. As this work shows, they arise due to human–environmental interactions involving the three forms of NCHs (regulating, material and non-material) and sustainable practices through which the environment and humans exert mutual influence upon one another. Additionally, this work identifies key focal actors and the novel, creative practices they implement to re-shape inter-industrial service ecosystems so demonstrating many-to-many A2A interactions within a socioecological system.

Research limitations/implications

Future areas of research include in-depth investigation of the psychological (emotional-sensorial) processes of human engagement with nature and examination of the perspectives of non-human bioactors in human-initiated engagement with nature.

Originality/value

This study takes our understanding of engagement beyond its current focus on human-centric service ecosystems to include human–environmental engagement in socioecological systems. This involves the novel extension of the concept of an actor to include non-human biological agents involved in the provision of NCHs and enables an examination of how these so-called bioactors interact—directly or indirectly—with human actors. A further innovation here is the simultaneous zooming in and zooming out on actor engagement to gain a truly multilevel perspective.
Enhancing healthcare waste management: a novel hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method
Authors: Beheshtinia Mohammad Ali , Safarzadeh Mohammad Sajjad , Fathi Masood , Ghobakhloo Morteza , Al-Emran Mostafa , Tseng Ming Lang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Healthcare wastes (HCWs) present substantial environmental and societal risks, including infection and exposure to hazardous substances. The aim of this study is to present a new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, named the ELECTOR method, for selecting the best healthcare waste disposal method (HCWDM) based on a comprehensive list of criteria. The main research question of this study is: What is the prioritization of HCWDMs considering economic, environmental, technical and social criteria?

Design/methodology/approach

This research employs a novel hybrid MCDM method to evaluate and select suitable HCWDMs. Initially, a comprehensive set of criteria for assessing and prioritizing HCWDMs is established. Criteria weights are determined using the best-worst method. Subsequently, a hybrid MCDM method is introduced to rank the HCWDMs. Fuzzy numbers are applied to handle qualitative criteria uncertainties. The proposed method is applied to a real-world case study to prioritize HCWDMs.

Findings

A total of 24 criteria, including two novel criteria (“System process speed” and “System setup speed”), for evaluating and prioritizing the HCWDMs were identified from the literature review and case study analysis. The study showed that the key criteria influencing HCWDM selection were “Operation cost”, “Occupational hazards of human resources”, and “The impact of released substances on health”. Based on the results, the autoclave, encapsulation and hydroclave methods are identified as the most suitable HCWDMs for the studied case, respectively.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel hybrid MCDM method tailored for HCWDM selection, enhancing the robustness of the decision-making. The inclusion of innovative criteria and the integration of fuzzy numbers to address qualitative ambiguities strengthen the originality of the findings. Specifically, introducing “System process speed” and “System setup speed” contributes to expanding the criteria landscape in HCWDM research.
Harnessing Bacteriophages for Sustainable Crop Protection in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Czajkowski Robert , Roca Amalia , Matilla Miguel A.
Published: February 2025

Crop pathogens represent a major challenge to global food security, causing over 40% yield losses in key crops and annual economic impacts estimated at up to US$290 billion. Microbial‐based alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals offer sustainable solutions aligned with global initiatives like the European Union's Green Deal. Among these, bacteriophage (phage) therapy has gained attention for its specificity, effectiveness against plant pathogens and safety for crops. Here, we highlight recent research on phage therapy strategies and their potential utility in sustainable agriculture, showcasing its effectiveness in reducing phytopathogen densities, delaying plant disease onset, and enriching plant‐associated bacterial taxa with biocontrol potential. Phage cocktails improve biocontrol, mitigate resistance, and synergize with other biological and chemical agents. Emerging technologies like engineered phages also promise enhanced efficacy. Addressing challenges like phytopathogen resistance, field inconsistencies, and regulatory hurdles is crucial to integrating phage therapy into sustainable agriculture under climate stress.
An Aggregative Games Approach to Merger Analysis in Multiproduct‐Firm Oligopoly
Authors: Nocke Volker , Schutz Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Using an aggregative games approach, we analyze horizontal mergers in a model of multiproduct‐firm price competition with CES and logit demand, allowing for arbitrary firm and product heterogeneity. We provide conditions under which a merger raises consumer surplus, and establish the dynamic optimality of a myopic, consumer‐surplus‐based merger approval policy. We also study the aggregate surplus and external effects of a merger. Finally, we show that the market power effect of a merger, defined as the welfare effect in the absence of merger‐specific synergies, can be approximated by the induced, naively computed change in the Herfindahl index.
An Epigraphical and Archaeological Analysis of an Ottoman‐Arabic Commemorative Inscription at the Military Museum in Ṣanʿāʾ, Yemen
Authors: Enab Mohamed
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive archaeological and historical investigation of a commemorative inscription preserved at the Military Museum in Ṣanʿāʾ, Yemen. Originally located above the entrance of al‐Qurāḍīn cemetery in the city of Ṣaʿdah, northern Yemen, the inscription references the Treaty of Daʿʿān (1329 H/1911 ad), a pivotal agreement between the Ottoman Empire and Imām al‐Mutawakkil Yaḥyā Ḥamīd al‐Dīn. The research sheds light on the intricate relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Zaydī imams before and after the treaty, providing critical insights into the political and cultural dynamics of Yemen during the late 19th and early 20th centuries ce. Through an in‐depth analysis, this study underscores the inscription's value as a historical source, elucidating Ottoman‐Zaydī interactions in the context of the Daʿʿān agreement. The analysis is organized around two principal aspects. First, it examines the formal characteristics of the inscription, including the script type, textual arrangement and recorded content. Second, it explores contextual elements such as the inscription's purpose, date, references to specific Yemeni cities, and the military ranks and titles mentioned. Additionally, the study investigates the influence of visual elements on the overall design, particularly their role in shaping the writing style and script selection. It further analyses the textual layout, languages employed and engraving techniques, emphasizing their functionality in ensuring legibility from a visual distance. This multidisciplinary approach highlights the inscription's historical, artistic and cultural significance, offering new insights into the interaction between visual, textual and contextual elements in commemorative inscriptions of this period.
Alcohol induces concentration‐dependent transcriptomic changes in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Bazzi Sam A. , Maguire Cole , Mayfield R. Dayne , Melamed Esther
Published: February 2025

Oligodendrocytes are a key cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) that generates the myelin sheath covering axons, enabling fast propagation of neuronal signals. Alcohol consumption is known to affect oligodendrocytes and white matter in the CNS. However, most studies have focused on foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and severe alcohol use disorder. Additionally, the impact of alcohol dosage on oligodendrocytes has not been previously investigated. In this study, we evaluated transcriptomic changes in C57BL6/J cultured mature oligodendrocytes following exposure to moderate and high concentrations of alcohol. We found that high concentrations of alcohol elicited gene expression changes across a wide range of biological pathways, including myelination, protein translation, integrin signalling, cell cycle regulation and inflammation. Further, our results demonstrate that transcriptomic changes are indeed dependent on alcohol concentration, with moderate and high concentrations of alcohol provoking distinct gene expression profiles. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that alcohol‐induced transcriptomic changes in oligodendrocytes are concentration‐dependent and may have critical downstream impacts on myelin production. Targeting alcohol‐induced changes in cell cycle regulation, integrin signalling, inflammation or protein translation regulation may uncover mechanisms for modulating myelin production or inhibition. Furthermore, gaining a deeper understanding of alcohol's effects on oligodendrocyte demyelination and remyelination could help uncover therapeutic pathways that can be utilized independently of alcohol to aid in remyelinating drug design.
Promoting Resiliency to Stress in the Vascular Endothelium
Authors: Jaramillo‐Torres Maria J. , Limpert Rachel H. , Butak William J. , Cohen Katie E. , Whitaker‐Hilbig Alicen A. , SenthilKumar Gopika , Durand Matthew J. , Freed Julie K.
Published: February 2025

By 2050, roughly 60% of the population will have cardiovascular disease. While a substantial amount of data has been generated over the last few decades that has aided in our understanding of cardiovascular disease pathology, less is known about how to increase resiliency to cardiovascular risk factors that individuals are exposed to on a daily basis. The vascular endothelium is considered the first line of defence against circulating noxious stimuli and, when dysfunctional, is an early risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A vast amount of data has been generated demonstrating how external stress impairs the vascular endothelium; however, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding how to amplify protective pathways and ward off stress and the development of disease, which is the focus of this review. Targeting known protective endothelial pathways may be feasible to increase resiliency to vascular stress. Leveraging stress to boost defence mechanisms within the vascular endothelium is also proposed and may help identify novel therapeutic targets to protect individuals from the stress of everyday life.
Coeval Transverse and Axial Sediment Delivery to the Northern Hikurangi Trough During the Late Quaternary
Authors: Shorrock Anthony E. , Strachan Lorna J. , Barnes Philip M. , Moore Gregory F. , McArthur Adam D. , Gamboa Davide , Woodhouse Adam D. , Bell Rebecca E. , Davidson Sam R. , Bostock Helen C.
Published: February 2025

Subduction trenches receive sediment from sediment gravity flows sourced from transverse pathways and trench parallel axial transport pathways. Understanding the interplay between axial and transverse sediment transport in shaping stratigraphic architectures is hindered by the episodic nature of sedimentary gravity flows and limited datasets, yet such insights are crucial for reconstructing sedimentary flow pathways and interpreting sedimentary records. We investigate sediment routing pathways to the northern Hikurangi Trough of New Zealand using a combination of multibeam, 2D and 3D seismic reflection and International Ocean Discovery Program core data from Site U1520. Site U1520's location downstream of axial and transverse conduits of sediment delivery makes it an excellent location to observe how these processes interact in deep marine settings. We characterise regional basin floor geomorphology and sub‐surface architecture of the upper ~110 m siliciclastic sequence of the Hikurangi Trough deposited over the past ~42 ka (Seismic Unit 1; SU1). Sediment delivery to the trough is fed by sediment gravity flows sourced from both the shelf‐incising transverse Māhia Canyon to the south‐west and the axial Hikurangi Channel to the south. Flows sourced from these systems have a strong influence on the geomorphology of the region and are responsible for forming large‐scale bathymetric features such as erosional scours and sediment waves. Sedimentary features identified within SU1 indicate that sediment transport via the transverse Māhia Canyon was more significant than that of the axial Hikurangi Channel throughout the last 42 ka, particularly during the last glacial period when sea levels were lower, and sedimentation rates were extremely high (up to ~20 m/kyr). This study emphasises the need for a nuanced consideration of transverse and axial systems and how they may influence sediment records and the geomorphic characteristics of trench systems.
‘The Cycle of Sibling Bullying’: Exploring the Links Between Sibling Bullying Victimization, External Support and Parent–Child Decision‐Making in Multichild Families
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Yan Yiwen
Published: February 2025

Sibling bullying in multichild families involves concealed power dynamics, where victims' voices are often unheard by both their families and external sources, resulting in prolonged oppression and violence. Given the unclear impact of sibling bullying victimization on parent–child decision‐making, this study investigates the relationship and explores whether external support serves as a compensatory resource allocation mechanism in families struggling with equitable resource distribution. Based on data from a sample of 10 164 children in the International Survey of Children's Well‐Being, the research reveals that children experiencing sibling bullying are less likely to make joint decision‐making with their parents, and external support mediated the relationship between sibling bullying victimization and parent–child decision‐making, which suggests that victims of sibling bullying often feel isolated and unsupported by their families. Although external support is a vital resource to help children overcome the negative impacts of sibling bullying, its limited availability leaves victims trapped in a persistent cycle of sibling bullying—a state characterized by ongoing experiences of victimization. This research enhances the understanding of how sibling bullying influences parent–child decision‐making and offers valuable prevention and intervention strategies for parents, teachers and social workers to address resource imbalances and implement effective support measures.
GeoCode: Interpretable Shape Programs
Authors: Pearl Ofek , Lang Itai , Hu Yuhua , Yeh Raymond A. , Hanocka Rana
Published: February 2025

The task of crafting procedural programs capable of generating structurally valid 3D shapes easily and intuitively remains an elusive goal in computer vision and graphics. Within the graphics community, generating procedural 3D models has shifted to using node graph systems. They allow the artist to create complex shapes and animations through visual programming. Being a high‐level design tool, they made procedural 3D modelling more accessible. However, crafting those node graphs demands expertise and training. We present GeoCode, a novel framework designed to extend an existing node graph system and significantly lower the bar for the creation of new procedural 3D shape programs. Our approach meticulously balances expressiveness and generalization for part‐based shapes. We propose a curated set of new geometric building blocks that are expressive and reusable across domains. We showcase three innovative and expressive programs developed through our technique and geometric building blocks. Our programs enforce intricate rules, empowering users to execute intuitive high‐level parameter edits that seamlessly propagate throughout the entire shape at a lower level while maintaining its validity. To evaluate the user‐friendliness of our geometric building blocks among non‐experts, we conduct a user study that demonstrates their ease of use and highlights their applicability across diverse domains. Empirical evidence shows the superior accuracy of GeoCode in inferring and recovering 3D shapes compared to an existing competitor. Furthermore, our method demonstrates superior expressiveness compared to alternatives that utilize coarse primitives. Notably, we illustrate the ability to execute controllable local and global shape manipulations. Our code, programs, datasets and Blender add‐on are available at https://github.com/threedle/GeoCode.
Bats as a Model for Enhancing IUCN Red List Assessments: Real‐Time Data, Contributor Networks, and Specialized Training to Address Common Challenges
Authors: Russo Danilo , Cistrone Luca , Waldien David L.
Published: February 2025

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a critical tool in global conservation, providing essential information on species' conservation status worldwide. However, the current assessment process faces several challenges, including data gaps, standard inconsistencies across taxonomic groups, and a limited assessor pool. Data gaps are common for many taxa, particularly those more difficult to observe or identify with wide, fragmented ranges. We use bats as a model to highlight challenges and propose solutions relevant to many taxonomic groups. Basic presence data and population estimates are often missing, with critical information unpublished or inaccessible for assessments. Assessors are responsible for reviewing all available information, seeking advice from local or taxon‐specific experts, and compiling a comprehensive species status assessment. We propose a network of regional operators, researchers, and stakeholders who could regularly contribute updated data on populations, threats, and conservation actions, employing a dynamic real‐time repository. This approach would enable assessors to access an up‐to‐date overview, improving the Red List assessments' efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. Expanding assessors and training early‐career professionals would also standardize evaluation criteria and reduce subjectivity. By capitalizing on IUCN's training expertise, these changes aim to enhance the robustness of assessments, supporting more effective, evidence‐based conservation.
Bioequivalence of Aripiprazole Oral Soluble Films and Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Participants: A Crossover Study
Authors: Li Ruoming , Yang Shaojie , Yang Guigang , Gu Xingli , Zhang Zuokai , Wang Taixin , Tan Yunlong , Chen Song
Published: February 2025

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with high disability rates, and antipsychotics, especially second‐generation ones like aripiprazole, are the cornerstone of treatment. As a novel formulation, oral soluble films (OSF) offer an alternative to tablets or capsules, improving patient compliance. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and safety of aripiprazole OSF and aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) in healthy Chinese participants. A single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, and crossover study was conducted. Participants received 10 mg of test aripiprazole OSF (Qilu Pharmaceutical) and reference aripiprazole ODT (Otsuka Pharmaceutical) under fasting and fed states. The fasting trial comprised a three‐sequence, three‐period design, while the fed trial comprised a two‐sequence, two‐period design. In the fasting trial, after single oral dosing of aripiprazole OSF (with water), aripiprazole OSF (without water), and aripiprazole ODT, Cmax were 55 ± 10 ng/mL, 54 ± 10 ng/mL, and 48 ± 13 ng/mL, respectively; the AUC0‐72h were 1857 ± 377 h·ng/mL, 1823 ± 350 h·ng/mL, and 1745 ± 405 h·ng/mL, respectively. In the fed trial, after single oral dosing of aripiprazole OSF and ODT with water, the Cmax were 43 ± 9 ng/mL and 43 ± 10 ng/mL, respectively; AUC0‐72h were 2024 ± 387 h·ng/mL and 1994 ± 426 h·ng/mL, respectively. In terms of bioequivalence evaluation, the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the main PK parameters of aripiprazole OSF and ODT in the fasting and fed states were all within the acceptable equivalence range (80%–125%). Both formulations were well‐tolerated. In conclusion, aripiprazole OSF and ODT reached bioequivalence, and aripiprazole OSF demonstrates significant potential for application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Long‐Term Headache Outcome and Radiological Correlates in Patients With Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Garignano Giuseppe , Funcis Antonio , Martinelli Renata , Rossi Marco , Calabresi Paolo , Vollono Catello , Signorelli Francesco
Published: February 2025

Background

Headache is the most common presenting symptom of intracranial hypotension (IH), and it usually has orthostatic features. However, the outcome of IH and the persistence and characteristics of headache are still overlooked.

Methods

In this cohort study, patients diagnosed with IH in our institute between 2018 and 2024 were included. Demographical and clinical data, headache characteristics, etiology, type of treatment (epidural blood patch (EBP), surgical or conservative), and MRI findings were collected. We conducted follow‐up visits on headache characteristics and the persistence of headache ≥ 12 months of EBP/conservative treatment.

Results

Forty‐five patients with a diagnosis of IH were included (mean age of 53.0 ± 14.9 years); 35 (77.8%) were diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and 10 (22.2%) with secondary IH. EBP was performed on 22 patients (48.9%). Headache was the most common symptom at presentation, in 38/45 patients (84.4%), with orthostatic features in 32 (71.1%). Forty‐four patients (97.8%) had brain MRI abnormalities. Follow‐up visits were conducted after 31.6 ± 15.7 months; 28/41 (68.3%) patients reported headache during the first 12 months, and 22/41 (53.7%) ≥ 12 months. Headache persistence for ≥ 12 months was significantly lower in patients who received EBP (27.3%) compared to those who did not (63.2%) (p = 0.021). Logistic regression showed that receiving EBP was the only factor significantly associated with reduced likelihood of persistent headache for ≥ 12 months (OR = 0.082, 95% CI [0.007,0.903], p = 0.041). Radiological features differed significantly between patients with SIH and those with secondary etiologies.

Conclusion

A large proportion of patients with IH continue to experience headache beyond one year; EBP was the only predictor of headache persisting ≥ 12 months.
Spatiotemporal Patterns in Profiles of Amino Acids Indicates They Are Unlikely Singular Olfactory Cues Underlying Natal Homing in Migratory Fishes
Authors: Kimmel Jacob G. , Buchinger Tyler J. , Tamrakar Sonam , Huerta Belinda , Larson Douglas L. , Baker Edward A. , Zorn Troy G. , Scribner Kim T. , Li Weiming
Published: February 2025

Migratory fishes are renowned for their ability to home to natal streams for spawning. Learned olfactory cues play a critical role in natal homing of Pacific salmon and other fishes, but the underlying chemical signature of streams remains poorly understood after decades of study. The molecules that convey a stream‐specific odour must differ among sites but remain constant over time. Among leading odorant candidates are amino acids; however, little research has assessed the spatial and temporal variability of amino acid profiles in streams.

We report a comprehensive chemical study of dissolved amino acids as potential olfactory cues for homing by migratory fish. Specifically, we profiled amino acids in water from 23 streams in the upper Laurentian Great Lakes basin over 2 years. We investigated variation in amino acid profiles (1) among regions and rivers within a year, (2) between years and (3) among sites and across the seasons of migration and early life history within a stream.

Liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed nanomolar concentrations for most of the 20 L‐amino acids measured, above the levels detectable by studied migratory fishes. Moreover, amino acid profiles were temporally stable between 2 years and across an annual season from adult spawning migration through offspring early‐life development within a stream. However, spatial differences in amino acid profiles were evident primarily over large geographic distances (among regions) but not among tributaries within regions or among sites within a stream.

Collectively, our results indicate dissolved amino acids may be consistent components of rivers' odorant profiles but suggest additional molecules are likely important for natal homing of migratory fishes to specific spawning sites. We suggest that future studies consider the combined importance of amino acids and molecules from other chemical classes. Understanding the chemical basis of olfactory‐guided natal homing is especially important as human activities could alter the odorant profiles of streams and thereby disrupt fish migrations and negatively impact population recruitment.
Multiphysical field full‐process simulation of gallium oxide with EFG approach
Authors: Yin Changshuai , Meng Biao , Zhao Songpeng , Yan Yujie , Wang Qijun , Wu Gai , Liang Kang , Li Zaoyang , Jia Zhitai , Wei Qiangmin , Liu Sheng , Zhang Zhaofu
Published: February 2025

The quality of single‐crystal growth for ultra‐wide bandgap semiconductor material β‐Ga2O3, a crucial material for the next generation of power electronic devices, currently constrains its broader applications. In this work, the edge‐defined film‐fed growth (EFG) process of gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) single crystals is simulated and analyzed, the thermal field in the growth furnace is designed, and the appropriate crystal growth conditions are determined through multiphysical field full‐process simulation, aiming to optimize the crystal quality. By introducing the volume force and Lorentz force, the solid–liquid phase transition and temperature distribution in the crucible are analyzed comprehensively. The optimal capillary gap width of 0.5 mm during crystal transport is obtained by the two‐phase flow method. The structure and thermal field of the meniscus are analyzed in detail using the equivalent circle model, and the optimal range of the meniscus height is determined to be 0.90–2.94 mm. Finally, the crystal quality is compared using the EFG growth approach with and without the optimized process. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in crystal quality following the optimization process informed by our proposed full‐process simulation. This research provides pioneering concepts and strategies for the further design and optimization of the EFG system for β‐Ga2O3 and related materials.
Perceived Safety Conditions and Self‐Management: How Do They Associate With Stress of Conscience Among Nurses and Other Healthcare Workers?
Authors: Herttalampi Mari , Bernhard‐Oettel Claudia , Feldt Taru
Published: February 2025

Aims

To investigate how team psychological safety and organisational psychosocial safety climate associate with self‐management and hindrance‐ and violation‐related stress of conscience among nurses and other healthcare workers.

Design

A longitudinal survey study with two data points.

Methods

Healthcare personnel (n = 241, 40% nurses) rated perceived safety in 2021, possibilities to self‐manage their work in 2023, and stress of conscience in 2021 and 2023.

Results

Team psychological safety and organisational psychosocial safety climate positively predicted self‐management of executing work, whereas only the organisational part predicted self‐management of leading work. Unexpectedly, self‐management of leading one's work was positively associated with hindrance‐related stress of conscience.

Conclusion

When employees feel safe to take interpersonal risks in their team and have possibilities to prioritise their work goals and influence the ways work performance is measured, it can increase, rather than reduce, feelings of not being able to act according to what the employee sees as morally right.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Providing adequate resources to meet the insights arising from a psychologically safe work team seem to be especially important for nurses.

Impact

Healthcare employees need possibilities to actualize and follow through the insights that can emerge from having high psychological safety and high opportunities for self‐management.

Reporting Method

The STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Pressure Injury Guidelines for Nutrition Assessment and Alternating Pressure Air Mattress Allocation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wan Ching Shan , Musgrave‐Takeda Mika , M. Gillespie Brigid , Tobiano Georgia , Mcinnes Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Aims

To investigate clinicians' views on barriers and facilitators to implementing pressure injury prevention guideline recommendations for nutrition assessment and treatment, and de‐implementing inappropriate alternating pressure air mattress allocation.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study adhering to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.

Methods

We conducted face‐to‐face or videoconference focus groups and semi‐structured individual interviews with clinicians recruited from a metropolitan tertiary hospital. Participants were purposively sampled according to their years of clinical practice. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed inductively to derive barriers and facilitators to guideline uptake. These were then mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework and behaviour change techniques to inform an evidence‐based implementation intervention development to improve guideline uptake.

Results

Thirteen nurses, four occupational therapists and three dietitians were interviewed. Six themes illustrate three guideline‐specific barriers and three common facilitators influencing nutrition‐ and mattress‐related guideline uptake. The three barriers were: (1) nurses devalue the use of validated tools in nutrition screening; (2) nurses prioritise vital‐sign‐related nursing duties over feeding assistance according to clinical urgency; and (3) nurses consider air mattresses a preventative strategy irrespective of patient PI risks. Facilitators to improve guideline uptake were: (1) nurse‐led interdisciplinary collaboration, (2) carer involvement and (3) easily accessible updated guidelines. Different Theoretical Domains Framework domains and behaviour change techniques were mapped to the identified nutrition‐ and mattress‐related barriers.

Conclusion

The findings highlight three key nurses' attitudinal barriers to nutrition‐ and mattress‐related guideline uptake, which inform the development of theory‐ and end‐user‐informed implementation interventions in pressure injury prevention.

Implications

An implementation strategical plan that addresses attitudinal barriers to improving guideline uptake for nutrition assessment and treatment and reducing air mattress overprescription appears critical in developing an intervention to enhance value‐based practice, which will need to be evaluated in future trials.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Abortion and Democratic Equality
Authors: Pallikkathayil Japa
Published: February 2025

A central tenet of the liberal tradition in political philosophy is that citizens must be able to relate to one another as equals. I argue that this commitment to what has been called democratic equality is in tension with legal prohibitions on abortion prior to fetal viability. The most minimal commitment of democratic equality is equality before the law, which requires that the state treat like cases alike. My primary argument focuses on showing how this requirement cannot be reconciled with restrictive abortion laws given the other laws and practices common in liberal democracies. This is so even if we think of fetuses as citizens, as I suggest we should. Moreover, the changes states would need to make to their other laws and practices to bring them into line with restrictive abortion laws are intuitively deeply disturbing. I give a secondary argument showing how these intuitive reactions may be vindicated by more substantive reflection on democratic equality and its presuppositions. But the primary argument has force for anyone who rejects the extensive state control over citizens' bodies that would be needed to reconcile restrictive abortion laws with equality before the law, even if they do so on other grounds.