bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“If we are simply creating techies who can only work with the technology, we’re in big trouble.”
Authors: Hrabowski Freeman , Frueh Sara
Published: April 2023

Freeman Hrabowski III talks about the importance of the humanities, culture change at universities, and scientists’ involvement in civic life.
IMPORTANCE OF GLOBALIZATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL POLICIES: INDIA
Authors: SINGH TUSHARIKA
Published: April 2023

People have moved into a stage where everything is reachable without any trouble. What happen if you couldn’t purchase goods from an online site ran by an international brand? It might make you upset! Isn’t it? Well, the world wasn’t always open to free trade or cross-border investments. In the past two to three decades, globalization was gained popularity
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PRIVACY VIOLATION
Authors: GULATI TISHA
Published: April 2023

The term "artificial intelligence" refers to a computer sector with the aim of carrying out tasks that typically require human intelligence. Machine learning, which entails gathering the knowledge and guidelines for utilizing the data, is the driving force behind artificial intelligence systems. Artificial intelligence has become extremely popular and necessary because it is based on the data service industry. Technology like artificial intelligence is making a beneficial difference in our daily lives. As a meeting reminder and source of articles and news that we find interesting, it also participates in our everyday challenges. Artificial intelligence does, however, also have some significant privacy issues. The aim of the study is to discuss the existing and potential positive and negative consequences of artificial intelligence on citizens' privacy.
WAGE LAWS – AN APPROACH, CHALLENGES AND CONSEQUENCES UPON THE INDIAN INDUSTRY
Authors: ROY UTTARA , PRASAD SARMAH BHASKAR
Published: April 2023

In a functioning society, the economic prosperity of the country is always determined on the earning capacity of the workers. As we know in every society, there are some social evils that we have to fight and one of them is wage disparity. For as long as we look back, the concept of wage can be found in every culture. It can be loosely translated to a kind of economic incentive or consideration given for the work done by a worker. This system of wage existed in the ancient days though it might not have been as well organised or codified. We can take examples of Zamindars, money lenders who abused their power to make workers do work for free or to repay the huge amount of debts owed. These situations were so grave that it left the descendants of such workers to become lifelong slaves merely to repay the same. Further it has been observed, during ancient times that various Kingdoms engaged in the practice of making the public work under them for free: in order to build roads, to cultivate for the royal family, to make monuments, palaces in return of granting “Kar Maafi”. And it has been practised as a custom for a long time with no such laws to protect their basic rights. Moreover, the problem of exploiting workers is not merely domestic, but an international one. Countries like England, France, and Spain have had instances of oppressing the masses: compelling them to work, all the while exploiting them out of a fair payment.
STATUS OF REFORMATIVE PUNISHMENTS IN INDIA
Authors: SEN ARGHYA
Published: April 2023

Of all parts of the law, the branch that intently concern or contacts an individual in his everyday existence is criminal law. Wrongdoing could likewise be characterized as the commission of acts precluded by corrective law and hoodlums as people who carry out such demonstrations. The penalization framework is an indispensable piece of law enforcement and for keeping up with Government backed retirement. The advancement of progress has come about through the change in the theory, strategy, and intention of penalization. Discipline might be utilized as an approach to decreasing the occurrence of criminal ways of behaving either by hindering the expected guilty parties or by impairing and keeping them from rehashing the offense or by improving them into law-withstanding residents. In this manner, speculations of discipline contain strategies concerning the treatment of wrongdoing and hoodlums. They're ordered into four sorts. Every one of these aren't correspondingly elite and every one of them assumes a vital part in dealing with possible wrongdoers. The hypotheses of discipline are Retributive theory, Deterrent theory, Preventive theory, and Reformative theory. This review is in regard to reformative theory and dissecting the status in India.
Role of Influencers in Digital Marketing: The moderating impact of follower’s interaction
Authors: Khan Sherbaz , Zaman Imran , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Musleha Zainab
Published: April 2023

Extensive research conducted notes that no researchers holistically consider these problems. This research focus on the role of influencers in digital marketing, and the framework consist of a (Hwang, 2018) model with a UGT (User and Gratification Theory), and some variables are influenced by the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad, Wright, 1994). Additionally, researchers have done their research on one YouTube video for a particular brand, so there is a need to research a public domain in which the focus is on all platforms of social media so that the result can be holistic. Further, researchers have conducted their research on generation Y, so there is also a need to conduct this research holistically. The paper used the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) technique to analyze the data we have collected. The present research is based on a broad framework; this is why the paper has used PLS (Partial Least Square) to evaluate the hypothetical model. The findings reveal that social media users' para-social relationship with the social media influencers has a positive and significant relationship with EWOM by social media users and a negative and not significant relationship with the purchase intention of the social media users. Thus, it shows that para-social relationships increase EWOM, not purchase intention. Moreover, social media users' para-social relationship also depicts a positive and significant relationship between influencers' credibility and EWOM. Moving further, results reveal that para-social relationships with (Parasocial Relationship -> Influencer Credibility -> Brand Trust) and (Influencer Credibility -> Brand Trust -> Purchase Intention) have a partial mediation relationship. Lastly, moderation analysis indicates that there is a two positive (MOD (PR with IC)_ -> Influencer Credibility), (MOD (IC with Willingness)_ -> Willingness to search) and 1 (MOD (IC with PK)_ -> Product Knowledge) moderation relationship. The findings serve as essential evidence for social media influencers that their credibility impacts the purchase intention of the social media user as well as their excellent para-social relationship with the social media users will highly impact their EWOM. This study indicates that the para-social relationship of social media users with the social media influencers enhances the consumers' purchase intention and increases the EWOM (electronic word of mouth) between the social media users.
Why Employees are not loyal to their Workplace in Private Sector?
Authors: Bai Poona , Suresh Sughand , Ansari Junaid , Ahmed Shiraz
Published: April 2023

Employee turnover is a significant factor that is of vital importance to the employees of the organization. The prerequisite to leave one’s job or organization is the intention to leave that can be referred as turnover intention. It is the thinking and planning of employees to leave their job and organization due to different reasons. Since turnover intention is not explicit; it is difficult to determine the factors, these lead to leave one’s job and organization. So, this conceptual paper tried to summarize different factors affecting turnover intention of employees which are identified by different scholars and researchers. The population of research is the private sector of Pakistan because this issue of turnover and organization performance is of major concern in private companies. The size of the sample of 251 respondent was selected. The main objective of this research is to study the relationship between (Abusive Supervision, Emotional Exhaustion, Organizational Politics, Psychological Contract Breach, Perceived organization support, Remuneration, Workplace Bullying, Work life imbalance) and mediating effect of turnover on organizational performance. for this research we have used PLS path modeling approach keeping in view the above literature review. For analyzing the data, we have used Smart PLS 3.0. After the results revealed all the hypothesis were accepted except workplace bullying, perceived organization support and work life imbalance. This research will help Organization that organizations have to work on the environment conditions with the support of developing career and value towards the promotional opportunities for employees that give them motivation to retain in organization.
How Action Learning Supports Leadership Development and Organizational Management? Its Application with Case Studies
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Zulfiqar Zahid , Ahmad Sajad
Published: April 2023

Organizations throughout the globe are grappling with the rising problem of strengthening the skills of their leaders with less time and money. Most leadership development (LD) programmes, on the other hand, are ineffective and costly, with little emphasis on the social, interpersonal and strategic dimensions of leadership. Therefore, the objectives of current study were to explore the qualities and skills of leaders essential for the 21st century competency, how action learning (AL) supports the organizational management (OM) and LD and the case studies from different organizations to provide the evidences that how action learning improves the organizational management. For this purpose, a total of 28 previous published articles were selected after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature showed that AL provided  a great supports towards the development of leadership skills and (OM). This study will provide a meaningful direction towards the application of AL in LD and OM.
Neoliberal views of the challenges of the nation-state in the modern age
Authors: Beriša Hatidža , Šuleić Jelena
Published: April 2023

The paper starts that the modern age is the period from the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia until today, and that the existing global system of collective security is a sufficient and reliable guarantor of preserving the sovereignty of the national state in the modern age. It can be a challenge for the state, and the perseverance facing the state will be considered more heavily in the political and economic dimension in the post-Cold War period. The aim of this paper is to observe at the theoretical definition of the national state, ie to present its key characteristics, which distinguishes the state from earlier forms of political organization. In order to indicate a brief historical overview of the development of the national state and the characteristics of international relations for the considered periods. The focus of the paper identifies the basic challenges faced by the national state in the post-Cold War period, with a focus on economic and political challenges. This is followed by a brief overview of the role of the United Nations (UN) in maintaining international peace and security in the post-Cold War period.
Bunjevci in Serbia: Croats, Serbs or specific ethnic community?
Authors: Raduški Nada
Published: April 2023

The paper analyzes the ethno-demographic, identity and political development of the people of Bunjevci in Serbia. Numerous theories of ethnologists, historians, linguists and sociologists of religion about the origin, language and religion of the people of Bunjevci were presented, as well as the ethnopolitical development of the Bunjevci people, throughout history until today, by confronting different attitudes and answers to the question: are the Bunjevci more Serbs, Croats or a specific national community? The importance of national self-identification, i.e. the free declaration of the people of Bunjevci about their own national identity and the impact of changes during the census declaration on their population development, was highlighted. Viewed over time, the political development of the Bunjevci national minority in Serbia is characterized by turbulent changes, from denial to recognition of their national and cultural distinctiveness, the struggle not to assimilate into either the Croatian or the Serbian nation, which became a feature of their identity and preserved this ethnic community until today. Predictions are that the Bunjevac national minority in Serbia, without the formation of a modern socio-economic structure and cultural-political institutions, is in danger of disappearing by the end of the 21st century, like all other small linguistic communities, according to the opinion of many domestic and international expert. For the survival, demographic and cultural development of Bunjevci as a modern ethnic community, activities that contribute to the integration of the Bunjevci people and establish equal relations with all other ethnic communities, as well as with the wider socio-political environment, are necessary. For Bunjevci, as a long-disenfranchised and "erased" national community, the affirmation of one's own ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity is an important prerequisite for achieving equality and social integration as a special minority community. This primarily refers to the contestation and appropriation of everything that belongs to the Bunjevci by the Croatian national community in Vojvodina, as well as efforts to assimilate into the borders of Serbian culture and history. However, the accepted principles of multiculturalism in Serbia form the basis and guarantee for the affirmation of the Bunjevci people as a small nation and a chance for their overall faster development, for the preservation and improvement of all components of their ethnic identity, as well as full equality, both with the majority people and with all other nationalities in Serbia.
Serbian ethnic stratum in the modern Republic of North Macedonia (territory of Old Serbia and Macedonia)
Authors: Pejin Jovan
Published: April 2023

The paper presents a historical cross-section of social, military, ethnic, and political conditions in Southeastern Europe, i.e. Balkans, more precisely in the area of Old Serbia and Macedonia, parts of today's Bulgaria, Turkey and neighboring areas. The historical course of a long duration was followed, from the pre-Nemanjic period to the Balkan wars of 1912/1913. years. Special attention is given to the Serbian ethnic group in the area of Old Serbia and Macedonia, which today covers the territory of North Macedonia. The paper lists the main historical events that connect the Serbs and their state with this area, and it primarily mentions the Serbian people, i.e. the Serbian ethnic stratum, as well as important events that speak of the history of Serbian statehood, such as the fact that the Serbian king Milutin chose Skopje as the Serbian capital, and Dušan was crowned Serbian emperor in Skopje (1346). Special attention is devoted to the depiction of the struggle between Serbs and Bulgarians who, after receiving the Exarchate (1870), worked intensively on the Bulgarianization of these Serbian areas with the use of terror, violence and murders of prominent Serbian priests and individuals from Serbian society.
CMR tissue characterization and course of acute SARS-CoV-2 type B.1.1.529-associated myocarditis in a professional soccer player
Authors: Seitz A , Wachter K , Cani E , Burgstahler C , Spaich S , Mahrholdt H
Published: April 2023

We report the case of a young professional soccer player who underwent cardiac MRI (CMR) for work-up of discrete intermittent chest pain and subtle ST segment elevations in the ECG after having been tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 type B.1.1.529 despite full vaccination including recent mRNA booster. Troponin levels were significantly increased and myocarditis was suspected. Comprehensive CMR including CINE and late gadolinium enhancement as well as multi-parametric T1/T2 mapping techniques revealed local hypokinesia and swelling of the posterolateral wall with non-ischemic late gadolinium enhancement and increased T2 relaxation time compatible with acute viral myocarditis. The patient was admitted to a cardiology ward for rhythm and troponin monitoring and was discharged after two days of uneventful rhythm monitoring and with decreased troponin levels. Adhering to current recommendations the patient was advised to abstain from moderate- to high-intensity sports and exercise for 3-6 months. After 6 months of exercise avoidance, follow-up ECG showed regression of prior ST segment elevations, and Holter ECG as well as a treadmill exercise stress test did not reveal any abnormalities. Follow-up CMR was performed before return-to-sports which revealed persisting myocardial fibrosis but complete regression of myocardial edemam and excluded ongoing inflammation. This example underscores the value of multi-parametric CMR tissue characterization for the work-up of suspected SARS-CoV-2 associated myocarditis, as well as for follow-up before return-to-sports.
Percepciones y necesidades formativas del profesorado en torno a las prácticas lectoras y el Plan Lector del Centro
Authors: Galarraga Arrizabalaga Haizea , Alonso Amezua Idurre , Antonio-Agirre Iratxe
Published: April 2023

Students’ reading comprehension and the habit of regular reading are a growing concern, reinforcing the need to design and implement solid and efficient Reading Plans in schools, as well as to support and increase teacher training. This paper aims to understand the perceptions and training needs of teachers from a range of areas and educational stages in relation to their own personal reading habits, their teaching practices and the needs of their students. This paper also aims to enrich a training process carried out in a school, with a view to the construction of a Reading Project. A mixed approach has made it possible to collect data from questionnaires and discussion groups carried out with teachers from a range of disciplines and educational stages. The results suggest that the value teachers assign to personal and professional reading is higher than expected. The results also suggest a series of specific needs: to involve all areas of knowledge in the evaluation of reading competence and the promotion of reading habits; to promote coordination between various educational stages; to improve and establish criteria for text selection; and to revitalise resources such as classroom and school libraries.

La comprensión lectora, junto al hábito de lectura, del alumnado es una preocupación en alza; lo cual refuerza la necesidad de diseñar e implementar Planes Lectores sólidos y eficientes en los centros escolares y abogar por la formación docente. Este trabajo pretende conocer las percepciones y necesidades formativas que el profesorado de distintas áreas y etapas educativas identifica acerca de su propio hábito lector, sus prácticas didácticas y las necesidades del alumnado con el que trabaja. Todo ello con el fin de enriquecer un proceso formativo llevado a cabo en un centro escolar, dirigido a la construcción de un Proyecto Lector. Un diseño mixto ha permitido recoger datos provenientes tanto de cuestionarios como de grupos de discusión realizados con profesorado de diversas etapas y disciplinas. Los resultados sugieren que los docentes muestran un nivel superior al esperado en el valor atribuido a la lectura personal y profesional. También emergen ideas como la necesidad de involucrar todas las áreas de conocimiento en el trabajo y evaluación de la competencia lectora y el fomento del hábito lector, impulsar la coordinación entre etapas, mejorar y establecer los criterios de selección de textos y revitalizar recursos como las bibliotecas de aula y centro.
The teachers' personality factors on classroom conflict management
Authors: Afonso Lourenço Abílio , Nunes Valente Sabina , Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Simão Fulano Celso
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to understand the predictive impact of the five factors of teachers' personalities (neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and responsibility) on conflict management in the classroom. The variables of gender, service time and academic training of teachers were also studied when they were related to personality dimensions. The NEO-Five Factors Inventory, the Rahim-II Organizational Conflict Inventory -Portuguese Version in the School Context, and a personal and professional data sheet were used as instruments, in a sample of 659 basic education teachers in Portuguese schools. Using a structural equation model, the results showed an association between all the variables under study. Neuroticism and responsibility are the best predictors of conflict management. The female gender is the one that presents the best results in all dimensions of personality. Teachers with more academic training showed less neuroticism, but were more extroverted, open to experience, agreeable, and responsible, and those with more seniority showed less neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeable. These results will constitute a mobilizing engine of more substantive pedagogical practices for the advancement of education.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el impacto predictivo de los cinco factores de la personalidad de los docentes (neuroticismo, extroversión, apertura a la experiencia, amabilidad y responsabilidad), en el manejo de conflictos en el aula. También se estudiaron las variables género, tiempo de servicio y formación académica de los docentes cuando se relacionaron con dimensiones de personalidad. Se utilizaron como instrumentos el NEO-Inventario de Cinco Factores, el Inventario de Conflicto Organizacional de Rahim-II - Versión Portuguesa en el Contexto Escolar y una ficha de datos personales y profesionales, en una muestra de 659 profesores de educación básica en escuelas portuguesas. Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, los resultados mostraron una asociación entre todas las variables en estudio. El neuroticismo y la responsabilidad son los mejores predictores de la gestión de conflictos. El género femenino es el que presenta mejores resultados en todas las dimensiones de la personalidad. Los docentes con mayor formación académica mostraron menos neuroticismo, pero eran más extrovertidos, abiertos a la experiencia, agradables y responsables, y los de mayor antigüedad mostraron menos neuroticismo, extraversión, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad. Estos resultados constituirán un motor movilizador de prácticas pedagógicas más sustantivas para el avance de la educación.
El espacio en el trabajo por proyectos: el caso de los proyectos del Modelo Rubik
Authors: García Monge Alfonso , Pellicer Iborra Carmen , Jiménez Ruiz María , Gómez González Francisco Javier
Published: April 2023

Si entendemos que la educación es un proceso corporeizado y situado, se puede deducir la importancia de los espacios en los que se desarrolla. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender los significados que los participantes dan sobre el papel del espacio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del trabajo por proyectos. Se desarrolla un estudio de caso observando y entrevistando al profesorado y alumnado de tres centros de Educación Primaria que desarrollan el modelo educativo Rubik en el que la transformación de los espacios para el desarrollo de proyectos ocupa un papel fundamental. Los resultados muestran que la participación del profesorado y alumnado en la transformación de los espacios ligada al desarrollo de diferentes proyectos provocó la motivación del alumnado, les orientó hacia el aprendizaje, facilitando el recuerdo y desencadenando diferentes procesos emocionales e identitarios. El espacio se revela como un mediador cultural, en el que cristalizan experiencias, aprendizajes y emociones.
Inclusive and sustainable growth. A mission-driven multi-stakeholder approach
Authors: Mazzucato Mariana
Published: April 2023

This paper is about how to learn from past experience and how to move towards the new forms of capitalism that must be at the heart of a mission-driven system, in which the big issues of our time such as the digital divide, health systems and climate change are central, and how to work together to address them. This paper is about how to design a production system that is collective, but more importantly one that properly distributes the rewards, rather than the dysfunctional way we currently do it, which is to socialise the risks and costs and then privatise the benefits. I have had the honour of working with policy makers around the world to bring the notion of challenge, purpose and mission-drive to the heart of public policy design. This paper is also about systemic change, about what it really means, about how we understand the economy, about how to produce differently.
Teeth and tooth whorls of the stem chondrichthyan Doliodus from the Early Devonian of the Gaspé Sandstone Group, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Burrow Carole J. , Desbiens Sylvain
Published: April 2023

The Early Devonian (Emsian) vertebrate fauna of the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec (Canada) shows close affinity with the Emsian fauna from the Atholville beds, New Brunswick (Canada). Specimens collected in the early 2000s from several localities in central Gaspé include molds of tooth whorls and isolated teeth that we assign to the stem chondrichthyan Doliodus. Isolated teeth of this taxon were first described from the Atholville beds in the late 1800s by Arthur Smith Woodward, who erected a new species Diplodus problematicus. Whereas the Atholville beds teeth are usually preserved individually or in tooth families, and as hard tissue, the Gaspé teeth are mostly preserved as molds of tooth whorls, with individual teeth sharing a thin bone base. Thin sections of Doliodus teeth from the Atholville beds show parallel close-set vascular canals extending above the base plate and through tooth bases, with teeth formed of osteodentine and meso- or orthodentine. We consider that all the known dental elements assigned to Doliodus are conspecific with the articulated Doliodus specimen and thus all are assigned to the same species D. latispinosus. The teeth are compared with the diplodont teeth of other stem chondrichthyan taxa, in particular the Omalodontiformes.
Peran kepribadian, persepsi risiko, dan bias optimisme terhadap perilaku pencegahan penularan COVID-19
Authors: Fahmi Abu Bakar
Published: April 2023

The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic affects various aspects of people's lives around the world, including in Indonesia. The Covid-19 vaccines are still in development, so the way to prevent the spread of Covid-19 is done by changing people's behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of risk perception, optimism bias, and personality on the Covid-19 transmission preventive behaviors in the form of washing hands, maintaining physical distance, and wearing masks. The study used a survey method that asked participants to fill out an online questionnaire. A total of 271 people participated as respondents in this study. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that risk perceptions have a positive effect on the behavior of washing hands, maintaining physical distance, and using masks. Conscientiousness personality has positive effects on the habits of washing hands and physical distancing but does not affect the habit of wearing masks. Contrary to the hypothesis, the optimism bias has positive effects on handwashing and physical distancing habits but does not affect the habit of wearing masks.
Renovos
Authors: Santos Sanqueilo de Lima
Published: April 2023

Apresentando inquietações ligadas a trama da existência, o livro é marcado pela presença de poemas, narrativas e monólogos esparsadamente e, quase sempre, esses gêneros são empregados não para o deleite estético – que em se dando, é acidental – mas como destaques involuntários do discurso meditativo. Desse modo, como propõe o autor, “pretendem ser esses textos: o exercício hipotético de uma visão rude do ser”.
A simple mechanism for integration of quorum sensing and cAMP signalling in V. cholerae
Authors: Walker Lucas M. , Haycocks James R.J. , van Kessel Julia C. , Dalia Triana N. , Dalia Ankur B. , Grainger David C.
Published: April 2023

Many bacteria use quorum sensing to control changes in lifestyle. The process is regulated by microbially derived “autoinducer” signalling molecules, that accumulate in the local environment. Individual cells sense autoinducer abundance, to infer population density, and alter their behaviour accordingly. In
Vibrio cholerae
, quorum sensing signals are transduced by phosphorelay to the transcription factor LuxO. Unphosphorylated LuxO permits expression of HapR, which alters global gene expression patterns. In this work, we have mapped the genome-wide distribution of LuxO and HapR in
V. cholerae
. Whilst LuxO has a small regulon, HapR targets 32 loci. Many HapR targets coincide with sites for the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) that regulates the transcriptional response to carbon starvation. This overlap, also evident in other
Vibrio
species, results from similarities in the DNA sequence bound by each factor. At shared sites, HapR and CRP simultaneously contact the double helix and binding is stabilised by direct interaction of the two factors. Importantly, this involves a CRP surface that usually contacts RNA polymerase to stimulate transcription. As a result, HapR can block transcription activation by CRP. Thus, by interacting at shared sites, HapR and CRP integrate information from quorum sensing and cAMP signalling to control gene expression.
Rapid, DNA-induced subunit exchange by DNA gyrase
Authors: Germe Thomas , Bush Natassja G. , Baskerville Victoria , Saman Dominik , Benesch Justin , Maxwell Anthony
Published: April 2023

DNA gyrase, a ubiquitous bacterial enzyme, is a type IIA topoisomerase formed by heterotetramerisation of 2 GyrA subunits and 2 GyrB subunits, to form the active complex. GyrA is usually found as a dimer in solution, whereas GyrB can exist as a monomer. DNA gyrase is able to loop DNA around the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of GyrA and pass one DNA duplex through a transient double-strand break (DSB) established in another duplex. This results in the conversion of a positive loop into a negative one, thereby introducing negative supercoiling into the bacterial genome, an activity essential for DNA replication and transcription. The strong protein interface in the GyrA dimer must be broken to allow passage of the transported DNA segment and it is generally assumed that the interface is usually stable and only opens when DNA is transported, to prevent the introduction of deleterious DSBs in the genome. In this paper we show that DNA gyrase can exchange its DNA-cleaving interfaces between two active heterotetramers. This so-called “subunit exchange” can occur within a few minutes in solution. We also show that bending of DNA by gyrase is essential for cleavage but not for DNA binding per se and favors subunit exchange. Subunit exchange is also favored by DNA wrapping and an excess of GyrB. We suggest that proximity, promoted by GyrB oligomerization and binding and wrapping along a length of DNA, between two heteroteramers favors rapid interface exchange. This exchange does not require ATP, can occur in the presence of fluoroquinolones, and raises the possibility of non-homologous recombination solely through gyrase activity. The ability of gyrase to undergo subunit exchange also explains how gyrase heterodimers, containing a single active-site tyrosine, can carry out double-strand passage reactions.
Narrative Review on Prenatal, Intrapartum and Neonatal Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Children
Authors: Thakkar Pranali Saurabh , Iyengar Madhavan Govindarajan
Published: April 2023

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is not a disease, however a syndrome advanced characterised by associate aberrant management of movement or posture, that seems early in life and ends up in long motor incapacity. The underlying causes of CP are still poorly understood. Many individual risk factors of CP are known, however less is understood concerning their interaction and the way they could relate to completely different pathophysiological pathways. The risk factors may be prenatal, intrapartum, neonatal or combined. Articles were searched to identify risk factors for CP, published from 2001 to 2021. A total of 43 relevant articles including randomised and non randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and comparative studies were included in this review. From selected analysis reports, most of the studies enclosed within the review showed sturdy strength of association as a causative factor responsible for CP. From this review, it had been ended that multiple risk factors overcome the defence mechanisms and lead to CP. Although any one factor, if severe, may be sufficient to cause CP so preventive strategies and early intervention for high-risk infants are needed.
A produção de leite no Vale do Paranhana/RS
Authors: Matte Júnior Alexandre Aloys , Ramos Morais Roberto Tadeu
Published: April 2023

A temática deste artigo está relacionada à análise da opinião de produtores de leite sobre a expansão da atividade como estratégia de desenvolvimento regional. Seu objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos pequenos produtores de leite sobre a viabilidade social e econômica da expansão da atividade leiteira em pequenas e médias propriedades na região do Vale do Paranhana/RS como alternativa de desenvolvimento regional. Com relação à metodologia empregada, caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório baseado em um estudo de caso múltiplo, onde empregou-se o método quantitativo. Primeiramente, a pesquisa amparou-se em revisão bibliográfica, buscando dar sustentação ao tema, e, posteriormente, por uma pesquisa documental com o intuito de obter dados e informações referentes às pequenas propriedades rurais e produtores de leite situados no Vale do Paranhana. A segunda parte da pesquisa consistiu na aplicação de questionários diretamente com os pequenos produtores de leite da região, visitando-se distintas propriedades rurais. Foram realizadas 20 visitas e utilizadas seleções não probabilísticas por acessibilidade. Para análise das respostas obtidas através dos questionários, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, objetivando organizar e facilitar a compreensão dos dados coletados. Conclui-se que a produção leiteira na região do Vale do Paranhana poderá expandir-se, mas sugere-se que ocorra através da constituição de cooperativas regionais ou pequenas agroindústrias voltadas à captação da produção regional e seu posterior processamento. Poderá encontrar respaldo ainda na diferenciação do produto, apostando na produção orgânica do leite.
Pattern of Ocular Morbidity in Patients Attending Urban Specialist Eye Clinic in South East, Nigeria
Authors: Anajekwu Cosmas Chinedu , Eze Gloria Chizoba
Published: April 2023

Background: The pattern of eye diseases varies across the world. Racial, ethnic, socio-cultural and socio-demographic characteristics are known to exert some influence on the pattern of these eye diseases. Knowledge of these patterns is important in planning for adequate eye care services.

Aim: To determine the pattern of ocular morbidity in an urban Specialist Eye Clinic in Awka, South-East Nigeria.

Setting and Design: A two-year descriptive retrospective study of patients seen in an urban Specialist Eye Clinic in South-East Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: The needed information, which included socio-demographics and diagnosis, were extracted from patients’ case files and entered into a proforma. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Ninety five percent Confidence Interval was given for percentages and p ≤ .05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results: Five hundred and twenty seven patients comprising 277 (52.6%) females and 250 (47.4%) males with a mean age of 43.2 ± 21.7 years seen within the two year period were reviewed.  Refractive error, glaucoma, allergic eye diseases, and cataract in that order were the commonest ocular morbidities in these patients. Spherical errors were commoner than cylindrical errors. Hypermetropia was the commonest refractive error while hypermetropic astigmatism was the commonest astigmatic error. All the refractive errors were commoner in females than in males.  Although 185 (35.1%) patients were presbyopic on clinical examination, only 41(7.7%) patients had presbyopia as their main diagnosis.

Conclusion: Most of the common reasons for ophthalmic consultations were refractive error, glaucoma, allergic eye diseases, and cataract. Adequate provision for the management of these conditions will help in reducing the burden of visual impairment and blindness.
Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Vitamin Content of Sweet Orange, Watermelon and Pineapple Fruits
Authors: Frances Ejimofor Chiamaka , Johnson Oledibe Odira , Enoch Nwakoby Nnamdi , Eziamaka Afam-Ezeaku Chikaodili , Ann Mbaukwu Onyinye
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nutritional and vitamin composition of sweet orange, watermelon and pineapple fruits. The fruit samples used in the study were purchased from eke Awka market and the standard AOAC method was utilized in the determination of the proximate compositions while spectrophotometer was used in determining the vitamin and mineral concentrations. The result showed moisture content as 94.00, 92.50 and 95.00%, ash (2.33, 3.62 and 2.50%), crude fiber (0.00, 0.03 and 0.00%), protein (0.64, 0.24 and 0.80%), fats and oil (0.35, 0.15 and 0.47%) and carbohydrates (2.68, 3.46 and 1.23%), calcium as 26.05, 66.70 and 65.93mg/100g), iron (3.11, 0.91 and 1.77mg/100g), magnesium (28.5, 24.32 and 46.21mg/100g), phosphorus (172.80, 181.00 and 179.30mg/100g) and zinc (3.50, 4.80 and 7.05mg/100g), vitamin A content as (0.13, 0.77 and 1.40mg/100g), vitamin C (28.92, 20.74 and 14.25mg/100g), vitamin D (3.44, 2.18 and 7.50mg/100g) and vitamin E (21.60, 13.30 and 37.50mg/100g) for sweet orange, watermelon and pineapple fruit juice. The result showed that sweet orange, watermelon and pineapple fruits contain enough vitamin C which is an antioxidant vitamin essential for human health and thus there is need to increase the consumption of these fruits by all household and also industrial utilization of the fruits in the production of food and drug products are recommended.
Conjunctive Use of Fe, Zn and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Nodulation and Chlorophyll Content of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Rathor Krishan Murari , Sharma M. K. , Manoj  , Meena Harphool , Yadav Vinod K. , Yadav Rajendra K. , Ghasil Bahnu Pratap , Meena R. K. , Yadav Shankar Lal
Published: April 2023

An experiment was conducted on urdbean during kharif 2021 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan). The experiment comprised of 10 treatments viz. (Control, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, 75% RDF + Rhizobium @ 600 g ha-1 seed inoculation, 75% RDF + PSB @ 600 g ha-1 seed inoculation, 75% RDF + Rhizobium @ 600 g ha-1 + PSB @ 600 g ha-1, 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage, 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage + Rhizobium @ 600 g ha-1, 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage + PSB @ 600 g ha-1, 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage + Rhizobium 600 g ha-1+ PSB @ 600 g ha-1) was carried out in randomized block design with three replications. Significantly higher plant height at 60 DAS (25.28 cm) and at harvest (34.43 cm), nodules plant-1 (29.22) at 45 DAS, nodule fresh weight (86.31 mg plant-1) at 45 DAS, chlorophyll content (3.19 mg g-1) at 45 DAS and dry matter accumulation (2.71, 5.94 and 9.99 g plant-1) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest were recorded with application of 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage + Rhizobium 600 g ha-1+ PSB @ 600 g ha-1 in urdbean over rest of the treatments. Among these treatments, application of 75% RDF + 0.1% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 at pre flowering and pod formation stage + Rhizobium 600 g ha-1+ PSB @ 600 g ha-1 produced maximum seed yield (1269.30 kg ha-1) of urdbean.
Climatic Factors Affecting Water Quality under Natural Conditions: A Field Survey of a Local Reservoir
Authors: Kikuchi Ryunosuke , Ferreia Carla Sofia S. , Gerardo Romeu
Published: April 2023

The global water cycle is closely related to climate change, and fresh water is a precious resource. Therefore, the effects of climate change on fresh water quality are of major importance. Worldwide, shallow lakes and ponds are the most abundant reservoir types. However, there have been few studies about ponds despite their large number. It is commonly accepted that wind-driven currents and thermal stratification mainly affect water circulation and oxygen diffusion in lakes. The presented research aims to verify whether this accepted view would be observed in a pond (⁓1 m depth and ⁓5,600 m2 area) under natural conditions accompanying changes in temperature and wind. A field survey performed over 7 months in Japan has demonstrated that (i) the temperature variations in the air and the pond water were negatively correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration; and (ii) the wind variation shows weak negative correlation with the dissolved oxygen level in the bottom layer. A simple concept of the link between temperature and dissolved oxygen is established through these findings – the oxygen solubility dependent on temperature is important rather than thermal stratification and wind in terms of discussing the climate change effects on pond water quality.
Physicochemical and Microbial Characterization of Treated and Untreated Produced Water
Authors: Tudararo-Aherobo L. E. , Egieya A. J.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The discharge of produced water into the aquatic environment presents a risk to the environment. This is a form of pollution and may release toxicants that are highly noxious to sensitive marine species even at low concentrations, which causes bio-degeneration/transformation and biodiversity loss.

Research Gap: There are insufficient literatures on extensive monitoring of the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of produced water. Existing literatures concerning analysis of treated and untreated produced water are not comprehensive with respect to number of physicochemical variables analyzed.

Aim: To ascertain if the physicochemical properties and microbial population of produced water were within acceptable regulatoy specifications. 

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria from July, 2021 – April, 2022.

Methodology: Electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, total petroleum hydrocarbons, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and others were assessed using standard methods. Microbial counts were carried out for total heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria using the pour plate method.

Results: Values obtained for some key physicochemical parameters monitored in the produced water are as follow:  pH (8.10±0.03 for untreated and 8.27±0.01 for treated); electrical conductivity (35700±11 µs/cm for untreated and 41600±17 µs/cm for treated); total dissolved solids (22848±14mg/l for untreated and 26629±9mg/l for treated); dissolved oxygen (2.05±0.01mg/l for untreated and 4.23±0.03mg/l for treated); biochemical oxygen demand (28.90±0.7mg/l for untreated and 18.4±0.1mg/l for treated); phosphate (2.05±0.01mg/l for untreated and 4.23±0.03mg/l for treated); nitrate (54.82±1.9mg/l for untreated and 50.21±0.9mg/l for treated); total hydrocarbon content (118.00±0.00mg/l for untreated and 34.00±0.00mg/l); total heterotrophic bacteria (4.1e+04 CFU/ml for untreated and 2.8e+04 CFU/ml for treated); and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (2.44e+03 CFU/ml for untreated and 1.58e+03 CFU/ml for treated). Statistical analysis of the produced water showed varying forms of correlation between physicochemical parameters of untreated and treated produced water.

Conclusion: It is important to assess properties of produced water before disposal into aquatic environment as chronic impact associated with long-term exposures may pose potential ecological risks.
It Takes an Average of 17 Years for Evidence to Change Practice—the Burgeoning Field of Implementation Science Seeks to Speed Things Up
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: April 2023

This Medical News feature discusses how implementation science seeks to narrow the often yearslong gap between the development of evidence-based practices and their routine use in the real world.
Quantifying Exposure to Wildfire Smoke Among Schoolchildren in California, 2006 to 2021
Authors: Velásquez Esther E. , Benmarhnia Tarik , Casey Joan A. , Aguilera Rosana , Kiang Mathew V.
Published: April 2023

This cross-sectional study quantifies exposure to wildfire particulate matter less than 2.5 μm among schoolchildren in California.
Outcomes of Nonoperative vs Operative Management of Acute Appendicitis in Older Adults in the US
Authors: Meier Jennie , Stevens Audrey , Bhat Archana , Berger Miles , Balentine Courtney
Published: April 2023

Importance

Although the incidence of acute appendicitis among adults 65 years and older is high, these patients are underrepresented in randomized clinical trials comparing nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis; it is unclear whether current trial data can be used to guide treatment in older adults.

Objective

To compare outcomes following nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older adults and assess whether they differ from results in younger patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used US hospital admissions data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2017. Of 723 889 adult patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, 474 845 with known procedure date who survived 24 hours postprocedure and did not have inflammatory bowel disease were included (43 846 who were treated nonoperatively and 430 999 with appendectomy) were included. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022.

Exposures

Nonoperative vs operative management.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was incidence of posttreatment complications. Secondary outcomes included mortality, length of stay, and inpatient costs. Differences were estimated using inverse probability weighting of the propensity score with sensitivity analysis to quantify effects of unmeasured confounding.

Results

The median (IQR) age in the overall cohort was 39 (27-54) years, and 29 948 participants (51.3%) were female. In patients 65 years and older, nonoperative management was associated with a 3.72% decrease in risk of complications (95% CI, 2.99-4.46) and a 1.82% increase in mortality (95% CI, 1.49-2.15) along with increased length of hospitalization and costs. Outcomes in patients younger than 65 years were significantly different than in older adults, with only minor differences between nonoperative and operative management with respect to morbidity and mortality, and smaller differences in length of hospitalization and costs. Morbidity and mortality results were somewhat sensitive to bias from unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions and Relevance

Nonoperative management was associated with reduced complications in older but not younger patients; however, operative management was associated with reduced mortality, hospital length of stay, and overall costs across all age groups. The different outcomes of nonoperative vs operative management of appendicitis in older and younger adults highlights the need for a randomized clinical trial to determine the best approach for managing appendicitis in older patients.