bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of NDV by Real-Time PCR in Baghdad
Authors: Hamad M , Khashan A , Sood M
Published: March 2020

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is widely spread in Iraqi chicken that is associated with notable economic losses. Current study was carried out to identify NDV in the North of Baghdad by employing a Molecular methods based on the Real-Time PCR technique, the primers and the probe also were designed based on the conserved fragment coding matrix protein(M gene).These genes of virus show the highest level of conservation, and therefore the test is adaptable for detection of NDV. In the current study, 14 clinically suspicious birds believed to be infected with ND, had been chosen from 14 different commercial poultry farms in various areas of North Baghdad brought to the Aurok and Al-Emad Lab. Baghdad/ Iraq. The infected birds were examined and the tissue samples collected from ceca tonsils, spleens, trachea, lungs and brains of each farm. These samples were submitted to examination directly by Real-time PCR. The Results of the samples collected from 14 poultry flocks were showed positive results in ten samples with the SYBR Green I real-time PCR and the other 4 flocks failed to show any positive results with both gene primers.
Effects of omitting vitamin- mineral premixes from finisher diets on performance, carcass parameters and blood characteristics of broilers fed maize- or wheat- based diets
Authors: Abed M , Razuki W , Al-Naif N
Published: March 2020

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cereal sources (maize or wheat) and omitting premix from finisher diets (from 29 to 42 days of age) on broiler performance, carcass measurements, and blood biochemical properties. Before starting an experiment, chicks were fed on two dietaries (240 chicks/maize-soybean meal and 240 chicks/wheat-soybean meal diets) from one-day old to 28 d of age. Four hundred and eighty day-old Ross-308 male broiler chicks were used in a 14-day trial (from 3/11/2016 to 16/11/2016). The experiment consisted of 4 treatments as follows: Treatment 1, no withdrawn of premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 2, withdrawal premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 3, no withdrawn of premix from wheat-soybean meal based diets and treatment 4, withdrawal premix from wheat-soybean meal diets. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicates (15 birds/ pen). Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratios, carcass parameters, blood biochemical properties were not affected by the withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral premixes from maize-based diets, but the reduction in body weight gain, relative weight of heart, bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat was noticed in birds fed wheat-based diets deficient in vitamins-minerals premixes. Blood biochemical properties were not affected by cereal type and vitamins-minerals premix withdrawal.
The toxic effects of ammonia on growth rate and some blood parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Jumaa Q , Al-Saeedy K , Obid W
Published: March 2020

This study was performed to know the effect of ammonia on the blood picture and the weight of common carp fish. 50 fish were used at the age of 6 months and were divided into two groups. Each group included 25 fish. The first group represented the treatment group with ammonia at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ L. and the second group represented control group. It is grown in plastic basins with dimensions of 1.5 × 2 meters and continued treatment for four weeks. It was observed that the weight in the ammonium treatment group had the lowest significant value (p≤0.05) compared to the control group. It was also observed in this study that the ammonia group had the lowest significant values in (white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and Packed cell volume) compared with control group. As for the biochemical parameters, it was observed that the Glucose concentration and each of the enzymes Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) had a record the highest value in the group treated with ammonia compared with the control group while the total protein recorded the lowest significant value in the group treated with ammonia Compared to control group. We conclude from this study that increasing the concentration of ammonia in the aquatic environment has a negative impact on fish breeding and health.
Study the effect of zinc salts fortification on chemical and sensory properties of Soft Cheese
Authors: Salih F , Omar R , Abaas K
Published: March 2020

This study aims to study the effect of fortification of soft white cheese with some zinc salts at different levels include 100 and 200 mg.kgˉ¹ from zinc sulphate and zinc acetate, on some physiochemical and sensory properties of the soft white cheese after one day from the manufacturing to 14 day of storage. The results indicated that there was no significant effects for cheese fortification with zinc salts during all storage periods on the sensory properties of the soft cheese. The results indicate some effects on the values of physiochemical properties for the fortified cheese, moisture percentages was decreased with increasing storage periods, while the values of protein, Carbohydrates and ash were increase with time of storage. Zinc concentration in soft Cheese increased with the increase of the addition of Zinc salts for all treatments.
Effect of adding tallow on some production performance of Awassi ewe lambs
Authors: Hasan A , Dahham M
Published: March 2020

This experiment was conducted in animal felid/ University of Baghdad/ College of Agriculture/ Animal production from 9/11/2016 until 9/1/2017. Twelve growing Awassi ewes lambs weighted 29.13 ±1.50 kg and 8-10 month old were used in this study, the lambs were divided into three individual groups (4 animals/ group) receive the dietary treatments contain 0.2 and 4% tallow, animals were fed concentrate at 2.5% of body weight, Alfalfa hay was given ad libitum basis as the roughage, The results found that: No significant difference between groups in total and daily concentrate, roughage and total feed intake, However, final body weight not affected by the experimental diets, total and daily weight gain had higher values (p<0.05) in diets containing 2 and 4% tallow, feed conversion efficiency improved significantly (P<0.05) in 4% tallow diet compared to other groups. It can be concluded that added tallow to sheep diets improved some productive performance such as total and daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency. Excess animal fats from human consumption can be used as an energy source in ruminants feeds. Thus benefiting from excess animal fats from human consumption as a source of energy in ruminants' rations.
Effect of adding Ferula hermonis Boiss roots and some antioxidants to Tris extender on post-cryopreserved sperm’s cell individual motility and live sperm percentages of Holstein bulls
Authors: Abdulkareem T , Khalil R , Salman A
Published: March 2020

This study was carried out to explore the adding effect of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots and some antioxidants to Tris extender on post-cryopreserved sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentages of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5°C, 2, 30 and 60 days post cryopreservation, PC). Eight Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years of age were used in this study. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into eight treatments using Tris extender. The alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender; T2), L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender; T3), reduced glutathione (0.03 g/ 50 ml extender; T4), vitamin C (0.2 g/ 50 ml extender; T5), L-Carnitine; 0.06g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T6), reduced glutathione; 0.03 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml / 50 ml extender (T7) and vitamin C; 0.2 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T8) were added to Tris extender and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, A1). The total phenolic compound of the extract was 124.38 ± 5.05 mg GAE/ g extract and the extract with 0.01 and 0.03% did not hemolyze the red blood cells and had not poisoning effect on blood cells. The T2 group exhibited higher (P≤0.05) sperm's cells individual motility and live sperm percentage as compared with the T1 group at all preservation periods. On the other hand, T3 group was significantly (P≤0.05) exhibited greater percentages of sperm's cells individual motility and live sperms percentages in comparison with the T1 group at all preservation periods. In conclusion, the adding of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender) and L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender) to Tris extender had an obvious influence in enhancing the sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentages of Holstein bulls at different cooling and cryopreservation periods as compared with the control (T1) group. This may contribute to a positive enhancement in conception and pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows, and consequently increase the owner's economic income.
Effect of adding aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis leaves and some other antioxidants to milk–based extender on post-cooling and post- cryopreservative sperm’s individual motility and live sperm percentage of Holstein bulls
Authors: Abdulkareem T , Alzaidi O
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to explore the effect of adding aqueous extract of Melissa officinalis leaves (AEMOL), some antioxidants and their combinations to the milk-based extenderfor increase on sperm's cells individual motility percentage on and live sperms percentage semen for Holstein bulls following different preservation periods. The study was executed at the Department of Artificial Insemination, Abu-Ghraib belong to the Directorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, during the period from October 2015 to February 2016 using ten Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into ten groups within one experiment. In this experiment, AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml; A2), WEMOL (0.031 mM) + 5 mM of vitamin C (A3), AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 0.08 mM of Trolox (A4),AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml + 100 IU of catalase (A5),100 IU of catalase (A6), 5 mM of vitamin C (A7), 0.08 mM of Trolox (A8), 0.2 mM of vitamin E (A9) and AEMOL (0.062mg/100 ml +0.2 mM of vitamin E (A10). The effect of these additives on semen characteristics of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5◦C, 48 hrs., 1, 2 and 3 months post cryopreservation, PC) were studied. The A2 group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) sperm's cell individual motility, live sperm percentage, as compared with A1 group at all preservation periods. Greater sperm's cells individual motility, live sperm percentage noticed in A4 group in comparison with the A1 group at all preservation time periods. On the other hand, A5 group exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) sperm's cell individual motility, live sperm percentage, as well as, adding of vitamin E alone (A9) or combined with AEMOL (A10) to milk-based extender had a positive (P≤ 0.01) effect in improving sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentage at all preservation time periods. In conclusion, adding of AEMOL as alone or combined with the other synthetic antioxidants to milk-based extenders had a crucial role in improving PC sperm's cell individual motility and live sperm percentage of Holstein bulls. This was reflected positively on increasing pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows.
Role of Debaryomyces hansenii yeast in improving the microbial and sensory properties of Monterey cheese
Authors: Alzobaay A , Alzobaay W
Published: March 2020

Debaryomyces hansenii yeast was grown in Malt Extract Broth medium at 30 °C for 5 days until the total count reached 5.6 ×108 colony forming units/ milliliter, Monterey cheese was made from cow's milk and adding of starter bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris with D.hansenii yeast as adjunct starter in 2% for each treatment included M1 (100% starter bacteria), M2 (50% starter bacteria + 50% live D.hansenii) and M3 (50% starter bacteria + 50% dead D.hansenii),the ripening of Monterey cheese was done at 15°C and (85% relative humidity) for 56 days. The highest count of starter bacteria was 9.7 ×108 cfu/g in M1 treatment after 3 days of ripening, the lowest number of starter bacteria was 6.9 ×108 cfu/g in M2 treatment. The highest count of D.hansenii yeast was 4.3 x108 cfu/g after 3 days of ripening in M2 treatment, while the lowest count was 2.6 ×108 cfu/g in the same treatment after 56 days of ripening, no yeast was found in the treatments that had dead yeast cells, all treatments under study were decreased in the total count of coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and psychrotrophic bacteria after 14 days as they were within the standard specifications of these groups of microorganisms, Then reached to zero in the late time of ripening. M2 showed the best results of sensory evaluation in taste, flavor, textures, color and bitterness after 56 days of ripening.
Effect of adding Ferula hermonis Boiss roots and some antioxidants to Tris extender on post-cryopreserved sperm abnormalities percentage of Holstein bulls
Authors: bdulkareem T , Khalil R , Salman A
Published: March 2020

This study was carried out to explore the adding effect of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots and some antioxidants to Tris extender on post-cryopreserved sperm abnormalities percentage of Holstein bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5°C, 2, 30 and 60 days post cryopreservation, PC). Eight Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years of age were used in this study. Semen was collected via artificial vagina in one ejaculate per bull per week for the 7-week experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into eight treatments using Tris extender. The alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender; T2), L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender; T3), reduced glutathione (0.03 g/ 50 ml extender; T4), vitamin C (0.2 g/ 50 ml extender; T5), L-Carnitine; 0.06g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T6), reduced glutathione; 0.03 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T7) and vitamin C; 0.2 g/ 50 ml extender + alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots; 0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender (T8) were added to Tris extender and comparisons in response were made with the control group (Tris extender, A1). The total phenolic compound of the extract was 124.38 ± 5.05 mg GAE/ g extract and the extract with 0.01 and 0.03% did not hemolyze the red blood cells and had not poisoning effect on blood cells. The T2 group exhibited lesser (P≤ 0.01) percentage of sperm tail midpiece abnormalities as compared with the T1 group at all preservation periods. Moreover, the T3 was also recorded lesser (P≤0.01) sperm's head abnormalities percentage at 60 days PC time period in comparison with the T1 group. On the other hand, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8 exhibited lesser (P≤0.05) total sperm abnormalities percentage at 60 days PC time period as compared with the T1 group. In conclusion, the adding of alcoholic extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss roots (0.03 ml/ 50 ml extender) and L-Carnitine (0.06g/ 50 ml extender) to Tris extender had an obvious influence in reducing the sperm abnormalities percentage of Holstein bulls at different cooling and cryopreservation periods as compared with the control (T1) group. This may contribute to a positive enhancement in conception and pregnancy rates of the inseminated cows, and consequently increase the owner's economic income.
Effect of the arginine on some blood and biochemical parameters of Awassi Ewes
Authors: Ahmed A , Mohammed TH , Taha A
Published: March 2020

This study was carried out in The Ruminant Research Station (Abu Ghraib)/ Department of Animal Resources Research/ Office of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agriculture during the period from July 6, 2017 to Feb 3, 2018. Twenty one non pregnant Awassi Turkish ewes were used in the experiment. The age of the animals ranged between 2-5 years old with a weight ranged between 45-70kg. Befor insert CIDR, The animals were examined with ultrasonography to be sure that they were not pregnant. These ewes were divided into three equal groups of 7 ewes/ treatment. They were fed naturally on basal diet. The first group were not treated (T1) which serve Control group, and injected with 5-10 ml of normal saline in intramuscular. Ewes of Second group were Treated (T2) by injected with a 155 µmol/kg arginine I.V. The Third group were Treated (T3) by injected with 155µmol/kg arginine intramuscular. All Treated ewes were inseminated by rams for 7 days. The inseminate rams were revolved among folds to get rid of their effects on ewes, Each inseminated ram was given a number. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein on the 1st and 2nd days of arginine injection and then insert CIDR and on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th,13th ,and 16th days of this treatment to measure the change in the levels of a blood and chemical properties during arginine treatment. The results of a lab. analysis during the treatment of amino acid arginine showed no significant differences between the treated group with arginine as compared to the control group in the percentages of white blood cells, but there were a differences in the number of Neutrophils in the group of intravenous injection, the group of intramuscular injection, (75.14, 75.00), respectively as compared with control group (71.0). Lymphocytes showed no significant differences between parameters under study as well as for Eosinophil. The differences were observed between the coefficients and the study periods. The period (4) was significantly superior (P<0.05) in the arginine treated as Compared with the control group, (20.42 ± 2.61) and the percentage of intravenous injection (17.28±1.98), respectively compared with a control group (19.00 ± 2.51), as for Basophil, there was a gradual decrease in all study groups. The results showed that the value of cholesterol a significant superiority (P<0.05) in the treated group with arginine in ewes serum as compared with the control group. It was noticed that the group of intravenous injection of arginine significantly increase the group of intramuscular injection of arginine (P<0.05) (6, 8) in blood cholesterol level. The periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) of injection of amino acid arginine showed no significant differences between them. The glucose concentration level, showed no significant differences between the arginine amino acid treatment group and the control group and at the different. It was concluded from this study that treatment with amino acid arginine did not affect characteristics of the blood, and its chemical properties.
Effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract as an alternative to fat on the quality of low fat Yoghurt
Authors: Khudair T
Published: March 2020

The effect of adding different concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract on the quality of low-fat yoghurt was studied. 10, 15, 20 ml of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract was added to the pasteurized liquid milk contain 0.1% milk fat to purpose of giving different levels of inulin/ µg (each milliliter from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) extract contains 21 µg of inulin). The yoghurt samples were compared with the control sample produced from whole fat milk. The content of total solids in milk was adjusted to 14% by adding skim milk powder. After storage periods 1, 7, and 15 days, the chemical-physical composition of the yoghurt samples, such as pH, titratable acidity, syneresis (whey separation), the amount of acetaldehyde, and volatile fatty acids. The sensory characteristics of the samples were also evaluated during the same storage periods. It was found that the addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract containing more than 210 µg caused in increased separation of whey and consistency. The values of acetaldehyde, PH and titratable acidity were not affected by adding the Jerusalem artichoke extract. volatile fatty acid levels were affected negative. In the case of sensory evaluation of yogurt. The addition of Jerusalem artichoke extract resulted in the retention of the sensory quality grades, where the treatment control was highest, and the lowest grade was obtained in the yoghurt samples containing 420 μg of inulin. Overall, the quality characteristics of the yoghurt containing 210 μg inulin was similar to the quality characteristics of the control like yoghurt made from whole milk.
Effect of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in weight losing and cytokines levels in mice before and after Infection by Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Al-Shammary H , Al-Shikh Daher A , Salih S
Published: March 2020

This study was designed to evaluate some immunological and nutritional effects of three types of Sacchromyces boulardii yeasts, which was, Mutant Iraqi Isolate (Mutant Saccharomyces boulardii) MSb, commercial strain (Commercial Saccharomyces boulardii) CSb and Local Iraqi Isolate (Local Saccharomyces boulardii) LSb, in the weight and the level of both interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the mice orally administered with yeasts inoculum for 30 days before and after infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The results shown significant losing in the weights and significant increase in the level of IL-10, but there are no significant difference in the levels of IFN-γ at )P>0.05) in mice administered with MSb, CSb and LSb yeasts before infected with S. typhimurium. The results also shown significant difference in the weights, significant increase in the level of IL-10 and significant decrease in the level of IFN-γ at )P>0.05) in mice administered with MSb, CSb and LSb yeasts after infected with S. typhimurium. Despite the effectiveness of three species of yeasts in these parameters before and after infection, but MSb was the most efficiency.
Effect of add exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to the ration in some characteristics of blood biochemicals of Awassi lactating ewes
Authors: Al-Rubaie G , Ajeel H , Khalaf S
Published: March 2020

The experiment was conducted in the field of animal production of the research ruminants- Office of Research- Ministry of Agriculture in the region of Akrokov 25 km northwest of Baghdad for the period from 16/3/2016 to 4/6/2016, and the objective of the experiment was the effect of addition of different levels of fibrolytic enzymes. The concentrate diet on some characteristics biochemical blood lactating Ewes Awassi, In the first experiment, 26 pregnant sheep were used In the late stage and before birth and at the age of 3-5 years, With a weight of 67 kg, The first experiment lasted 42 days preceded by 10 days introductory period The ewes were divided into four groups, each with 6 ewes, of which 15 were born, Treatment control 3 ewes, first treatment 5 ewes, second treatment 4 ewes, third treatment 3 ewes, The trial period was divided into three successive periods from birth every 14 days, The first period of 0-14 days and the second period of 15-28 days and the third period of 29 to 42 days of the milk cycle began, Control group without enzyme and treatment of the first, second and third enzyme concentration 1,3,5 kg/t respectively. The preliminary period is 10 days ahead, The results showed that: The addition of fibrolytic enzymes to the cencenterate diet of the fodder resulted in Significant increase (P<0.01) was observed at the general rate of concentration of urea, The concentration of urea was significantly increased only in T3, while cholesterol was significantly higher in all treatments compared to the control treatment. And significantly increased triglycerides in T2 compared to all other treatments. Very high-density lipoprotein was increased in T1 treatment with control treatment C, as well as significant increase (P≤0.05) high-density lipoprotein in treatment T1 compared to treatment control C and the recording of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly higher in T2 compared to all treatments triglyceride, and very high-density lipoprotein, (P<0.05) for high density lipoprotein (LDL) and low-density lipoprotein. LDL was significantly increased in T3 compared to T1. The serum AST (T3) was significantly increased in T3 compared to T2, T1 in the serum of lactating ewes.
Study of antibiotic susceptibility of Coagulase- Negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Mahmmoud E , Shamoon G
Published: March 2020

A total of 141 milk samples were tested belong to 27 cows infected with clinical mastitis and 114 cows were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis after detected their milk samples by California Mastitis and Whiteside tests, samples were collected from different areas of Mosul city. After the first isolation, the biochemical tests were carried out on all isolation. The samples showed 33 (23.40%) isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (C-NS). S. chromogenes & S. epidermidis were predominant in clinical mastitis, while in the sub-clinical cases the S. haemolyticus was most frequently in isolation. The sensitivity test was carried out on isolated bacteria. The test results showed that there was absolute resistance to ampicillin and 90.9% for Penicillin-G, while the lowest resistance and highest sensitivity of Chloramphenicol was 27.27%, 57.57%, respectively, as well as, isolated give varying sensitivity and resistance to other antibiotics. The use of antibiotics at random and the non-completion of treatment the animal by the owner lead to produce a normal flora resistant to most common veterinary antibiotics used, which can become a pathogen when conditions are available, this shown by the results of the current study.
A Study of Congenital abnormalities of the Non-Pregnant genitalia in cows: 1. Ovaries and uterine tubes
Authors: Amin a , Mohammed M
Published: March 2020

The current study was conducted to detect the pathological conditions of the congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes of cows slaughtered at the abattoir in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The pathological conditions were subjected to a macroscopic and microscopic examination of 404 samples of female genitalia collected from slaughtered non-pregnant cows, during the period from February to September 2014 from the Qaragol slaughterhouse twice a week. The organs were observed macroscopically for pathological abnormalities and stained tissues with Haematoxylin and eosin. They were examined under microscope for determination of the type of lesion present in the organ. Among the 404 genitalia samples collected from the non-pregnant animals, 206 (51%) were found without gross pathological abnormalities and (with cyclic activity) and the 30 (7.43%) samples were found with gross congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes. Detected lesions in the ovaries and uterine tubes included paraovarian cysts 3.21%, ovarian hypoplasia 1.98%, ovarian agenesis 0.50%, aplasia of uterine tube 0.99%, segmental aplasia of uterine tube 0.50% and accessory of uterine tube 0.25%. The histopathological sections of paraovarian cyst showed a single layer of tubal-type ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells resting on a thin layer of fibrous tissue, the section of ovarian hypoplasia showed lack of ovarian follicles and oocytes, which instead are replaced by bands fibrovascular stroma. The partial duplication of uterine tube was observed, which was about 6 cm from the uterotubal junction and extended distally for a distance of 4 cm that was found in right side of tracts. It was concluded that the paraovarian cysts were the most common congenital abnormalities of ovaries and uterine tubes in non-pregnant cows.
Detection of microfilaria in buffaloes in Mosul city, Iraq
Authors: Al-Lahaibi B , Al-Taee A
Published: March 2020

his study was conducted on 11 districts in Mosul city (Badosh, Hawi Al-Kanesa, Al-Salamia, Al-Abasia, Al-Rahmania, Bab-Shamis, Al-Shalalat, Telkef, Namrod, Al-Quba, Al-Kabat) for examination of 18 local buffaloes flocks aged from 6 months to 4 years. Twenty two skin scrapings were taken from animals show skin lesions for the detection of microfilaria. Results showed infestation with skin microfilaria with a total percentage of 13.2%. In all positive Buffaloes the non-sheeted genus Onchocerca was detected, with a highest percentage 25% was registered in Al-Quba district.
Incidence of Eimeria spp in chicken breeders in Al-Hamdania region
Authors: Al-Taee A , AlNeema M
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the existence and intensity of coccidial species in Breeder farms in Al-Hamdania region. Thirty six samples from the intestinal content were collected. They were obtained from 6 farms located within Al-Hamdania region including the following suburban regions: (Karakosh, Manara, Bazgertan, Karkasha, Kaberly, Karamles) by obtaining 6 birds from each farms. The results revealed the prescience of four of Eimeria species in broilers these species were: Eimeria tenella; E.necatrix; E.mivati; E.mitis;.The total percentage of coccidiosis was 63.8% being the highest during February and March, 83.8%, the lowest during October and November 55.5%.Among the Eimerial species detected in our study, Eimeria tenella had the highest percentage of isolation in layers 61.97%, while the lowest were E.necatrix 7.04%.
L’alexithymie : clé de compréhension ou obstacle à l’accompagnement des auteurs de violence conjugale ? Vignettes cliniques
Authors: Kowal Cécile , Hodiaumont Fabienne , Di Piazza Laetitia , Blavier Adélaïde , Léveillée Suzanne , Vignola-Lévesque Carolanne , Ayotte Robert
Published: March 2020

L’article présente quatre vignettes cliniques examinant l’expression et l’évolution de l’alexithymie chez les usagers d’un service belge, Praxis, qui propose un programme de responsabilisation en groupe pour auteurs de violence conjugale. Ces vignettes sont issues et viennent compléter les résultats d’une recherche longitudinale qui réunit des associations de terrain et des chercheurs universitaires, tant au Québec qu’en Belgique, et dont l’objectif est d’évaluer le changement psychologique chez ces hommes au terme de leur prise en charge thérapeutique. Les résultats montrent une prévalence des troubles alexithymiques et dépressifs chez les participants, en comparaison avec la population générale. La discussion des vignettes fait ressortir une hypothèse majeure relative à l’éventuelle distinction entre la présence d’une alexithymie primaire et d’une alexithymie secondaire.
La narrativité des enfants violents
Authors: Georgelin Mélanie
Published: March 2020

Nous abordons la narrativité et l’identité narrative à partir de notre expérience de psychologue clinicienne auprès d’enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans accueillis en ITEP et présentant une symptomatologie ayant trait à la violence. Nous nous interrogeons sur leurs capacités de mise en récit : comment se racontent‑ils et comment racontent‑ils le monde ? Au cours des séances de psychothérapie pluri-hebdomadaires, nous retrouvons des caractéristiques qui vont dans le sens d’une narrativité troublée, tant au niveau de la forme que du contenu. Dans la dynamique transférentielle se font jour des difficultés dans le registre des liens précoces, de la temporalité et des identifications. Pour illustrer notre propos, nous présenterons deux cas de garçons suivis en psychothérapie analytique pendant trois ans. À partir de nos observations et l’analyse qui s’ensuit, nous dégageons des perspectives psychothérapeutiques pour améliorer la prise en soin de ces enfants.
Dires… Juste après l’événement
Authors: Coq Jean-Michel
Published: March 2020

La première mise en mots d’un événement à caractère traumatique, au sortir de celui-ci, par les enfants qui y sont exposés est parfois recueillie dans le cadre des prises en charge médico-psychologiques d’urgence qui se sont mises en place depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années. Les paroles de trois enfants en période de latence âgés de 8, 9 et 10 ans sont rapportées et l’échange qui s’établit avec le clinicien est décrit en soulignant l’intensité de la relation transférentielle qui s’instaure lors de ces rencontres. L’accès à la narrativité de ces trois enfants confrontés à des événements violents est discuté à la lumière des processus psycho-traumatiques.
Obstacles à la narrativité : entre social, générationnel et traumatique
Authors: Dupuis-Gauthier Catherine , Guillaume Jean-Claude
Published: March 2020

Le concept de narrativité a une position particulière dans le champ de la psychanalyse car il se tient légèrement en marge du vocabulaire classique. Dans le travail psychanalytique avec l’enfant, la capacité narrative s’exprime de manière très variable. Dans cet article, notre objectif est d’interroger la place et la fonction de la narrativité, chez des enfants issus de milieux sociaux populaires ou défavorisés. Qu’il s’agisse de codes langagiers ou culturels particuliers, de passés traumatiques douloureux, de carences socio-éducatives, ces enfants enlisés dans un « négatif » – identificatoire et générationnel – complexe, buttent sur le mode de pensée de l’analyste, ressenti comme étrange, voire inaccessible. Dans un tel contexte, nous faisons l’hypothèse que le travail de l’analyste, avec l’enfant ou ses parents, sera de co-construire un langage commun, pour que reprennent un mouvement narratif et une symbolisation créatrice.
Le chœur dans la Nouvelle Musique ou la communauté désaccordée
Authors: Mégevand Martin
Published: March 2020

Qu’est-ce que la « communauté » aujourd’hui, et qu’est-ce que « faire communauté » veut dire ? On propose des pistes de réponses à ces questions — très actuelles et inactuelles —, qui touchent les rapports entre l’art, l’histoire et la politique, par l’exemple de l’École de Darmstadt, qui est à la fois une institution musicale et un mouvement artistique. On y examine en particulier la place accordée par des compositeurs à la littérature et au texte par l’examen de chœurs composés par trois de ses membres éminents, Luigi Nono, Pierre Boulez et Luciano Berio. Se situant dans la perspective d’une réflexion historicisée sur les formes collectives d’expression artistique, le propos s’inscrit dans la ligne du retour de la réflexion sur le commun et la « communauté » née dans les années 1980.
Variantes, versions, variance et variation : quatre désignations d’une propriété constitutive des textes littéraires
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel
Published: March 2020

Le but de cette mise au point critique est d’ancrer le concept de variation dans une réflexion épistémologique qui prend appui sur la reconnaissance, par un grand nombre d’écrivains et par certaines sciences et disciplines du texte, de la propriété variationnelle des textes littéraires. Pour penser cette propriété constitutive, sur les plans tant génétique qu’ éditorial , lectorial et traductorial , il est nécessaire de rapprocher variation et variance , en opérant préalablement une critique radicale des notions de variantes et de versions .
Effets de la privatisation sur le bien-être des consommateurs d’électricité au Cameroun
Authors: Etogo Nyaga Yves Patrice
Published: March 2020

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les effets de la privatisation sur le bien-être des consommateurs d’électricité au Cameroun. L’article fait usage de méthodes statistiques et de la régression bêta. Les résultats des travaux montrent un impact, notamment sur le bien-être subjectif des ménages consommateurs d’électricité, qui est peu satisfaisant, puisque plus de la moitié des ménages de l’échantillon sont globalement mécontents à la suite de la privatisation. Classification JEL : D42, I31, L33, L51
Changer de vie. Les députés novices et la condition politique au XXI e  siècle
Authors: Ollion Étienne
Published: March 2020

Les élections de 2017 ont plongé au cœur de la politique nationale plusieurs dizaines de personnes qui n’avaient jamais eu de mandat, de responsabilité, voire d’engagement politique. Cette arrivée de novices fut aussi massive qu’elle est rare. Depuis plusieurs décennies, la fermeture du champ politique sur lui-même avait rendu ces parcours statistiquement improbables. L’article propose d’étudier ces nouveaux entrants. Mais plutôt que d’étudier leur apprentissage du métier, la construction d’un rôle, ou les inégalités d’accès à différentes positions de pouvoir déjà bien documentés par d’autres travaux, il utilise cette entrée pour éclairer la condition politique contemporaine. L’ethnographie et les entretiens menés auprès de novices en politique révèlent trois traits saillants : les rythmes de travail dilatés ; la publicité que reçoivent les élus suite à leur entrée dans la sphère publique ; ou encore une conception dominante de la politique comme activité orientée autour de « coups ». Analyseurs en action des règles qui organisent un espace très codifié, les novices révèlent certaines normes du champ politique actuel. L’étude éclaire alors d’un autre jour les logiques d’accès différentiel à l’espace et à la parole publiques.
L’agir entrepreneurial comme grille de lecture de l’élu-entrepreneur
Authors: Dethou Valentin
Published: March 2020

Les chamboulements de la sphère publique et politique depuis les années 70 ont poussé à penser l’organisation de l’action publique différemment. C’est ainsi que sont nés les développements autour d’une nouvelle figure : l’élu-entrepreneur. À travers cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle grille de lecture basée sur l’agir entrepreneurial qui, en plaçant au cœur de l’analyse le rapport au projet, et donc à sa temporalité, permet de créer un pont pertinent et utile entre les apports du management public et de la recherche en entrepreneuriat, pour une compréhension la plus complète possible de l’élu-entrepreneur.
L’impact des représentations sociales d’un secteur d’activité sur le comportement entrepreneurial : le cas d’étudiants d’une école spécialisée en hôtellerie restauration
Authors: Loué Christophe , Sarrouy-Watkins Nathalie
Published: March 2020

Les représentations sociales sont constituées d’opinions, de prises de positions, d’informations, de croyances et de convictions liées à un phénomène particulier. Elles sont à la base de la compréhension du monde et guident nos comportements et nos communications en fonction d’un objet social déterminé (Moliner et al. , 2002 ; Navarro-Carrascal, 2009). Elles permettent ainsi le repérage d’une vision du monde que les individus ou les groupes portent en eux et utilisent pour agir ou pour prendre position (Abric, 1994, p. 15). La recherche que nous présentons poursuit l’objectif d’analyser les représentations sociales du secteur de l’hôtellerie-restauration et ses impacts sur le comportement entrepreneurial d’étudiants en formation, à savoir l’intention entrepreneuriale, l’adhésion à l’identité entrepreneuriale et le sentiment d’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale. Pour ce faire, un échantillon de 280 étudiants d’une école spécialisée en gastronomie et hospitality a été interrogé. Les résultats de notre enquête montrent un impact non négligeable des représentations sociales liées aux conditions de travail et aux valeurs de plaisir, de partage et d’hédonisme sur le comportement entrepreneurial. Ces éléments sont susceptibles de servir à la fois les établissements de formation souhaitant développer la culture entrepreneuriale en leur sein et aux décideurs désireux de susciter les vocations entrepreneuriales au sein de ce secteur.
(Re)découvrir l’altérité pour mieux travailler ensemble : une question d’actualité
Authors: Allard Frédérique , Bravo Ketty
Published: March 2020

Le contexte contemporain rend particulièrement sensible la question des relations avec autrui, donc de l’intersubjectivité, dans la capacité à travailler en bonne intelligence avec l’Autre dans les organisations. En rendant compte de la façon dont l’altérité nous interpelle dans le monde du travail, tant par ses défis actuels que sous l’angle des leviers à actionner, la réflexion proposée pourra contribuer à baliser le champ d’investigations futures en gestion. L’agir entrepreneurial autant que la physiologie de l’action défendent conjointement la mise en actes pour développer l’intersubjectivité et ainsi participer, dans l’action et par l’action, à la coconstitution de soi et d’autrui, singulier ou pluriel. Dans cette perspective, l’objectif est d’alerter, au stade de l’enseignement supérieur, sur les principales questions à se poser pour agir en faveur des apprentissages et du développement de l’altérité. Mieux préparer à l’insertion professionnelle en est l’enjeu.
L’entrepreneuriat immigrant de nécessité au sein d’une région où il n’existe pas d’enclaves ethniques
Authors: Albert Marie-Noëlle , Lazzari Dodeler Nadia
Published: March 2020

Pour faire face aux difficultés d’emploi, les entrepreneurs immigrants ressentent souvent la nécessité d’une démarche entrepreneuriale (y compris dans des activités considérées comme étant de « seconde catégorie »). La littérature sur les entrepreneurs immigrants se cantonne aux entrepreneurs immigrants au sein de grands centres urbains au sein desquels, ils peuvent s’appuyer sur des enclaves ethniques. Ce papier, en s’appuyant sur des résultats d’entrevues, s’intéresse à ces entrepreneurs qui ont entamé une démarche par nécessité alors qu’ils vivent dans une région périphérique. Les résultats montrent tout d’abord que ces entrepreneurs de nécessité sont également des entrepreneurs visant des opportunités. Ensuite, ils présentent les difficultés qu’ils vivent, puis leurs apports à la communauté d’accueil, pour enfin voir de quelle manière repenser l’accompagnement de ces entrepreneurs.
Œdipe et Ulysse, Freud et Kohut
Authors: Granek Michel
Published: March 2020

En s’appuyant sur le stratagème d’Ulysse simulant la folie afin de sauver Télémaque, son enfant encore bébé, Kohut propose de « saper le pouvoir du mythe qui a soutenu le concept de Freud » et de substituer un paradigme ulyssien au paradigme œdipien ; il veut ainsi minimiser l’importance théorique du conflit des générations et souligner au contraire celle de la continuité dans la filiation. Or, d’après la mythologie grecque, la postérité d’Ulysse est remarquablement… œdipienne. Pour nous, malgré lui, Kohut démontre le conflit des générations – son conflit avec Freud – et l’ubiquité et la puissance du complexe d’Œdipe.
D’une déconstruction de la scène originaire. De l’homme aux loups au cas Dick
Authors: Guilbaud Olivier
Published: March 2020

Au travers des interrogations épistémologiques émanant de deux récits d’analyse célèbres, l’homme aux loups et le cas Dick, l’auteur se propose de déconstruire le concept freudien de scène originaire pour évaluer ce à quoi la relation duelle est réductible dans l’intersubjectivité naissante. Le caractère atypique de la névrose infantile a amené la psychanalyse à s’intéresser aux soubassements de la scène originaire. Klein évoque les stades précoces du conflit œdipien en lien avec le concept de parents combinés. Quant au cas Dick, il amène à s’interroger sur la pertinence du modèle binaire des positions kleiniennes et de l’opportunité d’introduire la notion d’une position autistique primaire du développement en rapport avec le concept d’objet combiné. Pour finir, l’auteur dresse un tableau de l’ontogenèse de la scène originaire en fonction de la dialectique bionienne contenant/contenu et en questionne les protoreprésentations prénatales.
Deux métiers. Orthophoniste ou psychanalyste, il faut choisir !
Authors: Tirilly Anne
Published: March 2020

Exercer deux métiers est banal pour un psychanalyste, mais la pratique de l’orthophonie conjointe à celle de la psychanalyse suscite parfois la perplexité. De la suspicion de clivage au reproche de toute-puissance, ces réactions témoignent des représentations de ces deux métiers dans chacune des deux sphères professionnelles. Orthophonie et psychanalyse sont liées par une histoire en partie commune, mais aussi traversée de conflits. Depuis trente ans, dans le domaine pédopsychiatrique où orthophonie et psychanalyse voisinaient, des divergences épistémologiques se sont creusées et sont vécues de part et d’autre comme des remises en question identitaires. Malgré les conflits inévitables résidant au sein de leurs particularités épistémologiques et exacerbés par un radicalisme réducteur, si l’on dépasse les réactions passionnelles, un double exercice clinique peut aussi stimuler la liberté de pensée.
Le personnage au psychodrame, ou comment passer de un à deux
Authors: Morel Alexandre
Published: March 2020

L’évocation clinique d’une cure par le psychodrame questionne l’apport des ressources figuratives du « personnage » en scène. Sa relative inconsistance, tant transitionnelle que fictionnelle, permettrait une rencontre mesurée avec l’objet, tout en assurant la constitution spécifique de diverses triangulations qui abritent la possibilité de devenir « un » pour pouvoir ensuite être « à deux ». Il est à la fois un porte-parole et un provocateur d’affect qui permet un corps à corps renouvelé, précieux attracteur figuratif du transfert. Il introduit à la dualité de la bisexualité psychique, structurante en tant que limite, en même temps qu’à la diversité féconde des polarités identificatoires de la scène primitive.
Étude critique du savoir psychanalytique
Authors: Denis Anne
Published: March 2020

La relation épistémique qui s’établit entre un individu et son objet de savoir véhicule une série d’obstacles qui montrent combien le contact avec l’objet épistémique est chargé de fantasmes et de défenses diffractantes dont la « liste » (inexhaustive) est établie dans cette étude. Une Critique étudie les conditions de possibilité d’une connaissance étant donné les caractères de l’esprit humain (Kant), auxquels il faut ajouter les caractères de la psyché que la métapsychologie a dévoilés. Le savoir psychanalytique appartenant aux domaines de la science, de l’art, et de la nescience, la synthèse de cette hétérogénéité dans sa visée objective ne peut plus être attribuée au moi.
Cothérapie : expérimentation d’un dispositif égalitaire, différencié et réflexif
Authors: Bosman Nadine , Deblieck Véronique , Estenne Marc , Gorlenko Natalia , Matossian Araxie
Published: March 2020

Cet article porte sur notre pratique de la cothérapie avec des couples et des familles dans un centre de consultation privé au cours des douze dernières années. Après un développement sur le concept de réflexivité, nous rapportons comment notre pratique nous a amenés à faire évoluer notre dispositif pour que l’interaction entre cothérapeutes soutienne au mieux la dimension réflexive du travail thérapeutique, puis nous le comparons à ceux qui ont été décrits antérieurement dans la littérature.
L’émergence d’un espace de danse dans la rencontre des systèmes
Authors: Ait Issad Mathilde , Bakomba Diong , Defossez Philippe , Flabat Marc
Published: March 2020

Émergence, un service ambulatoire bruxellois dans lequel une jeune équipe accompagne des enfants et des adolescents présentant des troubles du comportement, en famille ou en mise en autonomie. Cet article présente trois concepts revisités à partir de leurs pratiques : les positionnements et postures de l’intervenant, les isomorphismes conscients et la résistance créative.