bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19: a global scoping review
Authors: Limaheluw Jesse , Dollmann Sophia , Folpmers Sofia , Beltrán Beut Lola , Lazarakou Afroditi , Vermeulen Lucie C. , de Roda Husman Ana Maria
Published: July 2024

Background

Many respiratory viruses and their associated diseases are sensitive to meteorological factors. For SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence on this sensitivity is inconsistent. Understanding the influence of meteorological factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 epidemiology can help to improve pandemic preparedness.

Objectives

This review aimed to examine the recent evidence about the relation between meteorological factors and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

Methods

We conducted a global scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published from January 2020 up to January 2023 about the associations between temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

Results

From 9,156 initial records, we included 474 relevant studies. Experimental studies on SARS-CoV-2 provided consistent evidence that higher temperatures and solar radiation negatively affect virus viability. Studies on COVID-19 (epidemiology) were mostly observational and provided less consistent evidence. Several studies considered interactions between meteorological factors or other variables such as demographics or air pollution. None of the publications included all determinants holistically.

Discussion

The association between short-term meteorological factors and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 dynamics is complex. Interactions between environmental and social components need further consideration. A more integrated research approach can provide valuable insights to predict the dynamics of respiratory viruses with pandemic potential.
Maternal smoking cessation in the first trimester still poses an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disability in offspring
Authors: Li Qiu , Cai Xiaotang , Zhou Hui , Ma Dan , Li Na
Published: July 2024

Background

Studies have found maternal smoking during pregnancy was linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk. It is unclear if maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy lowers ADHD and learning disability (LD) risk in offspring. This study aimed to explore the associations between maternal smoking cessation during pregnancy and ADHD and LD risk in offspring.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 (8,068 participants) were used. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between maternal smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy and ADHD and LD risk in offspring.

Results

Compared to non-smokers’ offspring, maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of ADHD (odds ratios [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–2.56) and LD (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.61–2.31) in offspring, even if mothers quit smoking later (ORADHD = 1.91, 95%CIADHD: 1.38–2.65, ORLD = 1.65, 95%CILD: 1.24–2.19). Further analysis of the timing of initiation of smoking cessation during pregnancy revealed that, compared to non-smokers’ offspring, maternal quitting smoking in the first trimester still posed an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.41–2.61) and LD (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06–2.17) in offspring. Maternal quitting smoking in the second or third trimester also had a significantly increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26–3.61) and LD (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16–2.87) in offspring. Furthermore, maternal smoking but never quitting during pregnancy had the highest risk of ADHD (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.69–2.79) and LD (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.70–2.58) in offspring. Interestingly, a trend toward a gradual increase in the risk-adjusted OR for ADHD and LD risk was observed among the three groups: maternal quitting smoking in the first trimester, maternal quitting smoking in the second or third trimester, and maternal smoking but never quitting.

Conclusion

Maternal smoking cessation in the first trimester still poses an increased risk of ADHD and LD in offspring. Furthermore, it seems that the later the mothers quit smoking during pregnancy, the higher the risk of ADHD and LD in their offspring. Therefore, early intervention of maternal smoking in preconception and prenatal care is vital for offspring neurodevelopment.
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use during periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in Tanga city, Tanzania: a control arm analysis of the pragmatic quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Moen Kåre , Mmbaga Elia J. , Metta Emmy , Kibusi Stephen M. , Leshabari Melkizedeck T. , Kamuhabwa Appolinary A. R. , Kwesigabo Gideon
Published: July 2024

Background

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevention-effective adherence is of critical importance but challenging particularly among key populations where periods of high HIV risk are frequent. We assessed the use of PrEP with reference to periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in the city of Tanga.

Methods

This was part of the pragmatic quasi-experimental trial for HIV PrEP rollout in Tanzania involving a control cohort of 313 female sex workers aged ≥18 years recruited by respondent-driven sampling and followed for 12 months. PrEP use and periods of condomless or unprotected sex were assessed at the 6th and 12th month of follow-up. Prevention-effective adherence was defined as PrEP use of ≥2 pills/week and ≥6 pills/week for anal and vaginal condomless sex. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was conducted to determine factors influencing PrEP use (≥2 pills/week).

Results

Overall, 59.2 and 45.9% of participants had unprotected anal and vaginal sex with a client, respectively. The prevention-effective adherence for anal sex ranged from 8.0% (months 6) to 10.0% (months 12) while that of vaginal sex was from 10.1% (month 6) to 3.8% (month 12). Participants who lived with friends were 25.5 times more likely to use ≥2 PrEP doses per week than those who lived alone (aPR = 25.5; 95%CI: 2.55–255.42, p = 0.006). Compared to self-reporting poor health status, self-reporting good health status significantly increased the use of ≥2 PrEP doses per week (aPR = 17.4; 95%CI: 3.01–101.02, p = 0.001). Refusing condomless sex with a steady partner increased the likelihood of using ≥2 PrEP doses per week than accepting condomless sex with a steady partner (aPR = 11.2; 95%CI: 1.55–80.48, p = 0.017). The prevalence of using ≥2 PrEP doses per week was less among participants accepting condomless sex at high pay than those who refused (aPR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.03–0.26, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Use of PrEP during periods of unprotected sex was rare among female sex workers. Living with friends, self-reporting good health status, and refusing condomless sex with steady partners were associated with increased use of ≥2 PrEP doses per week. However, accepting condomless sex for increased payment was associated with reduced use of ≥2 PrEP doses per week. This calls for an in-depth study to understand the perspectives and circumstances shaping poor adherence during periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers.
Intergenerational engagement with Asian residents in long-term care facilities: a mixed method systematic review
Authors: Liu Hao , Topping Anne , Guo Ping
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Asian countries are experiencing a rapid rise in their aging populations. Cognitive and physical decline associated with aging can limit social interaction. This particularly impacts on those residing in long-term care facilities and engagement with children and young people. Intergenerational engagement has known benefits on the health and wellbeing of older people, it is unclear what the impact of intergeneration engagement interventions might have on older people in Asian long-term care settings. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and experiences of intergenerational engagement with older people in long-term care facilities in Asia.

Methods

Ten databases were searched to locate empirical studies of any design published in English or Chinese from January 2000 to June 2023. The search was limited to papers reporting effectiveness and/or experiences of intergenerational engagement on older people residing in Asian long-term care settings. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023413935) and followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. A convergent design employing narrative synthesis was used to synthesize and integrate findings.

Results

From initial searches, 1,092 records were identified, of which 13 studies were retained for the review: 7 quantitative (including 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 cross-sectional observational design, and 5 quasi-experimental designs), 3 qualitative, and 3 mixed methods. Included studies were of variable quality. Quantitative evidence revealed that intergenerational engagement reduced depression (4.47 vs. 8.67, p = 0.005), negative emotions (14.11 vs. 16.56, p = 0.030), and feelings of loneliness (p < 0.01) among older people; and increased quality of life (mean change = −1.91; 95% CI = −3.18, −0.64) and strengthens interpersonal interactions (p = 0.025). Qualitative insights suggested that intergenerational engagement could foster emotional bonds, enhance intergenerational relationships, promote lifelong learning, satisfy social needs and improve older peoples’ overall quality of life. However, some challenges such as language differences and noise levels can hinder successful implementation of intergenerational engagement.

Conclusion

This review indicates that intergenerational engagement can reduce depression and loneliness, improve quality of life, and strengthen social bonds for older individuals in Asian long-term care facilities. Despite some challenges, the evidence underlines its potential to meet the emotional and social needs of older people. Recognizing and addressing delivery challenges is essential for effective implementation.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023413935, identifier: CRD42023413935.
Short-term pain for long-term gain? A longitudinal meta-analysis of downsizing-financial performance relationships
Authors: Steel Piers , House Alyson
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Downsizing, and the mass layoff upheavals that ensue, has been euphemistically referred to as a short-term pain, long-term gain strategy. But is that so? Do its financial outcomes over time justify the short-run harm? And, to what extent has its adoption been driven by economic or social rationales over time?

Methods

To examine these questions, we conducted the most comprehensive meta-analysis on downsizing-financial performance relationships to date, summarizing a total of 905 effect sizes. Using a new meta-analytic method multi-level longitudinal meta-analysis (MLLMA) we analyze temporal dimensions of these relationships.

Results

Results for downsizing adoption suggest shifting rationales over time, from a defensive response to decline in the 1980s, to a socially legitimate management convention in the 1990s, and back to a defensive response in the 2000s. Short-run market outcomes mirror these shifting rationales, with more negative reactions to defensive downsizing. Across a diverse range of lead/lag times and moderators, we find many negative and heterogeneous performance outcomes. Most importantly, little long-term gain is found.

Discussion

Our MLLMA helps to address prior criticisms on the lack of temporality in extant downsizing research, while many equivocal relationships, despite almost 40 years of downsizing research, illustrate that considerable avenues for future research remain.
Microbiome variations induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol predict weight reduction in obese mice
Authors: Kaye Avi , Rusling Matthew , Dhopeshwarkar Amey , Kumar Parhesh , Wagment-Points Lauren , Mackie Kenneth , Yuan Li-Lian
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Obesity and high-fat diets induce consistent alterations in gut microbiota composition. Observations from epidemiological reviews and experiments also illustrate weight regulation effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with microbiome shifts. Therefore, we investigated the weight-loss potential of THC in obese mice models and to elucidate the contribution of specific gut microbiome changes in THC-induced weight loss.

Methods

High-fat diet induced obese mice were treated with oral THC supplementation for two weeks and compared with controls. In addition to measuring weight, fecal samples were obtained at various timepoints, sequenced for bacterial 16s rRNA content and analyzed using QIIME2. Alpha and beta diversity were computed followed by linear mixed effects (LME) modeling of bacterial relative abundance relationship to THC treatment and weight change.

Results

In both male and female mice, the THC group had significantly greater average weight loss than controls (−17.8% vs. −0.22%, p<0.001 and −13.8% vs. +2.9%, p<0.001 respectively). Male mice had 8 bacterial taxonomic features that were both significantly different in relative abundance change over time with THC and correlated with weight change. An LME model using three bacterial features explained 76% of the variance in weight change with 24% of variation explained by fixed effects of feature relative abundance alone. The model also accurately predicted weight change in a second male mouse cohort (R=0.64, R2=0.41, p=<0.001). Female mice had fewer significant predictive features and were difficult to model, but the male-produced 3-feature model still accurately predicted weight change in the females (R=0.66, R2=0.44, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Using a stepwise feature selection approach, our results indicate that sex-specific gut microbiome composition changes play some role in THC-induced weight loss. Additionally, we illustrated the concept of microbiome feature-based modeling to predict weight changes.
A New Way to Treat Diseases Using Light-Loving Molecules
Authors: Managa Muthumuni , Moraba Tracy G. T. , Malomane Nonkululeko , Nene Kwanele
Published: July 2024

Some tiny microorganisms creatures such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria can make us very sick. As these organisms evolve with us, they are becoming smarter and stronger, which is making it more difficult for medicines like antibiotics to fight them. Scientists are finding new ways to treat these infections, and one way is by using a cool treatment called photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). PACT is based on tiny, colored molecules that take up light and use it to make tiny “bullets”. These tiny bullets attack and kill microorganisms by punching holes in their cell membranes. Therefore, using PACT could help doctors and scientists to fight these attacks and keep people healthy.
“A constant battle against sedentary lifestyle and screen time”: Swedish school nurses' views on school children's physical activity and its promotion - a grounded theory study
Authors: Wiklund Emelie , Wiklund Maria , Vikman Jenny , Hedenborg Susanna
Published: July 2024

School nurses are in a key position to promote children's physical activity. They engage all children in health dialogues and use different approaches to inform children about physical activity and motivate them to change their physical activity level. In a school context, it is important to explore and problematize school nurses’ views of children's physical activity and the influence of these views on their professional practice in the school health service. Identifying and problematizing school nurses' views of physical activity would enable them to create improved guidelines and equivalent ways of working in the future. Therefore, this study aims to discursively explore Swedish school nurses' views on school children's physical activity and its promotion and elucidate them through a discursive framework based on sensitizing concepts. This study uses a qualitative research design with a constructivist grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 school nurses. The analysis resulted in a core category describing how school nurses use intertwined views to lead children from sedentarity to physical activity. Furthermore, the school nurses' practices were identified in three categories: fostering everyday movement as a tool for health, battling children's sedentarity under difficult conditions, and promoting everyday movement and compensating for unequal access. The results indicate that school nurses lack common and clear guidelines for their mission to promote physical activity to children, which may lead to inequality in access to physical activity for children and young people.
Costly, confusing, polarizing, and suspect: public perceptions of plant- based eating from a thematic analysis of social media comments
Authors: Eckert Katherine F. , Douglas Sabrina , Zhang Flora , Brauer Paula , Duncan Alison M. , Haines Jess
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A key approach to fostering more sustainable food systems involves shifting dietary patterns towards increased plant-based eating. However, plant-based eating remains low among Canadians. The objective of this research was therefore to explore public perceptions of plant-based eating in a Canadian context.

Methods

A qualitative design was used to analyze social media comments posted on Canadian news source Facebook articles between January 16th, 2019 – July 16th, 2020. Investigating perceptions of plant-based eating on social media may capture a broader sample of the population than can be captured using other qualitative methods. Template analysis, a type of codebook thematic analysis, was used to generate themes and subthemes using NVivo software.

Results

Nine articles were selected for inclusion and a total of n = 4,918 comments were collected. Five themes and 19 subthemes related to plant-based eating were generated and presented with quotations. Themes included: (1) The ethics of food; (2) The affordability and accessibility of food; (3) Distrust of food system stakeholders; (4) Beliefs related to dietary behavior, health, and the environment; and (5) Sensory aspects of plant-based proteins.

Discussion

Findings suggest that addressing food affordability and accessibility, increasing public food literacy, using non-judgmental approaches, and increasing food system transparency and communication may be strategies to foster plant-based eating. Results of this study provide insight for the development of more effective public health messaging about plant-based eating and help inform future research and interventions to address barriers related to plant-based eating and promote consumption.
Initial experience of ureteric visualization using methylene blue during laparoscopy for gynecological surgery
Authors: Shao Ruyu , Shen Faquan , Soleymani majd Hooman , Qin Xiaoqing , Yao Desheng , Long Ying , Wang He , Wei Yousheng , Chang Xin
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Iatrogenic ureteral injury is a severe surgical complication, with a highest incidence of 1.5% in gynecological surgeries. The purpose of this report is to document our initial experience with using methylene blue (MB) to label the ureter in gynecological laparoscopic surgeries and to explore its effectiveness and safety. This is also a novel description of simultaneously visualizing ureteral MB fluorescence and sentinel lymph nodes (SLN's) Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence using the same camera.

Methods

This study included patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgeries, with the same surgeon performing all cases. During the early stages of each surgery, rapid intravenous infusion of MB was administered. For cases requiring SLN imaging, we also injected ICG solution into the cervix. Assessment of the included cases was conducted both intraoperatively and postoperatively. The group that had MB fluorescence (Group A) was compared to a control group that did not have it (Group B).

Results

A total of 25 patients (Group A) received MB during surgery, demonstrating 45 ureters clearly, with an imaging success rate of 90%. Continuous and clearer fluorescence imaging was achieved in cases with ureteral hydronephrosis. In most patients, ureteral fluorescence was visible 15–20 min after intravenous infusion of MB, and 64% still exhibited fluorescence at the end of the surgery. In patients who had both ICG and MB, dual fluorescence imaging was achieved clearly. Among the included cases, there were no iatrogenic ureteral injuries (0%), which we observed to be lower than in patients who did not receive MB (1.3%). The rate of adverse events was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Using MB fluorescence is an effective and safe method of visualizing the ureters during gynecological surgeries, and can diminish iatrogenic ureteral injury without increased associated adverse events. It therefore may offer promising prospects for clinical application.
ViT-PSO-SVM: Cervical Cancer Predication Based on Integrating Vision Transformer with Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine
Authors: AlMohimeed Abdulaziz , Shehata Mohamed , El-Rashidy Nora , Mostafa Sherif , Samy Talaat Amira , Saleh Hager
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the fourth most prevalent and common cancer affecting women worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Hence, early detection of CCa plays a crucial role in improving outcomes. Non-invasive imaging procedures with good diagnostic performance are desirable and have the potential to lessen the degree of intervention associated with the gold standard, biopsy. Recently, artificial intelligence-based diagnostic models such as Vision Transformers (ViT) have shown promising performance in image classification tasks, rivaling or surpassing traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This paper studies the effect of applying a ViT to predict CCa using different image benchmark datasets. A newly developed approach (ViT-PSO-SVM) was presented for boosting the results of the ViT based on integrating the ViT with particle swarm optimization (PSO), and support vector machine (SVM). First, the proposed framework extracts features from the Vision Transformer. Then, PSO is used to reduce the complexity of extracted features and optimize feature representation. Finally, a softmax classification layer is replaced with an SVM classification model to precisely predict CCa. The models are evaluated using two benchmark cervical cell image datasets, namely SipakMed and Herlev, with different classification scenarios: two, three, and five classes. The proposed approach achieved 99.112% accuracy and 99.113% F1-score for SipakMed with two classes and achieved 97.778% accuracy and 97.805% F1-score for Herlev with two classes outperforming other Vision Transformers, CNN models, and pre-trained models. Finally, GradCAM is used as an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tool to visualize and understand the regions of a given image that are important for a model’s prediction. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the developed ViT-PSO-SVM approach and hold the promise of providing a robust, reliable, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic tool that will lead to improved healthcare outcomes worldwide.
Enhancing Neoadjuvant Virotherapy’s Effectiveness by Targeting Stroma to Improve Resectability in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ferdous Khandoker Usran , Tesfay Mulu Z. , Cios Aleksandra , Shelton Randal S. , Hartupee Conner , Urbaniak Alicja , Chamcheu Jean Christopher , Mavros Michail N. , Giorgakis Emmanouil , Mustafa Bahaa , Simoes Camila C. , Miousse Isabelle R. , Basnakian Alexei G. , Moaven Omeed , Post Steven R. , Cannon Martin J. , Kelly Thomas , Nagalo Bolni Marius
Published: July 2024

About one-fourth of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are categorized as borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not yielded the anticipated outcomes in curing patients with BR/LA PDAC. The surgical resection of these tumors presents challenges owing to the unpredictability of the resection margin, involvement of vasculature with the tumor, the likelihood of occult metastasis, a higher ratio of positive lymph nodes, and the relatively larger size of tumor nodules. Oncolytic virotherapy has shown promising activity in preclinical PDAC models. Unfortunately, the desmoplastic stroma within the PDAC tumor microenvironment establishes a barrier, hindering the infiltration of oncolytic viruses and various therapeutic drugs—such as antibodies, adoptive cell therapy agents, and chemotherapeutic agents—in reaching the tumor site. Recently, a growing emphasis has been placed on targeting major acellular components of tumor stroma, such as hyaluronic acid and collagen, to enhance drug penetration. Oncolytic viruses can be engineered to express proteolytic enzymes that cleave hyaluronic acid and collagen into smaller polypeptides, thereby softening the desmoplastic stroma, ultimately leading to increased viral distribution along with increased oncolysis and subsequent tumor size regression. This approach may offer new possibilities to improve the resectability of patients diagnosed with BR and LA PDAC.
Anti-Microbial Drug Metronidazole Promotes Fracture Healing: Enhancement in the Bone Regenerative Efficacy of the Drug by a Biodegradable Sustained-Release In Situ Gel Formulation
Authors: Duggal Shivali , Sharma Shivani , Rai Nikhil , Chauhan Divya , Upadhyay Vishal , Srivastava Swati , Porwal Konica , Kulkarni Chirag , Trivedi Arun K. , Gayen Jiaur R. , Mishra Prabhat R. , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Pal Subhashis
Published: July 2024

Nitroimidazoles comprise a class of broad-spectrum anti-microbial drugs with efficacy against parasites, mycobacteria, and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among these drugs, metronidazole (MTZ) is commonly used with other antibiotics to prevent infection in open fractures. However, the effect of MTZ on bone remains understudied. In this paper, we evaluated six nitroimidazole drugs for their impact on osteoblast differentiation and identified MTZ as having the highest osteogenic effect. MTZ enhanced bone regeneration at the femur osteotomy site in osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) rats at the human equivalent dose. Moreover, in OVX rats, MTZ significantly improved bone mass and strength and improved microarchitecture compared to the vehicle-treated rats, which was likely achieved by an osteogenic mechanism attributed to the stimulation of the Wnt pathway in osteoblasts. To mitigate the reported neurological and genotoxic effects of MTZ, we designed an injectable sustained-release in situ gel formulation of the drug that improved fracture healing efficacy by 3.5-fold compared to oral administration. This enhanced potency was achieved through a significant increase in the circulating half-life and bioavailability of MTZ. We conclude that MTZ exhibits osteogenic effects, further accentuated by our sustained-release delivery system, which holds promise for enhancing bone regeneration in open fractures.
Integrated Photonic Sensors for the Detection of Toxic Gasses—A Review
Authors: Butt Muhammad A. , Piramidowicz Ryszard
Published: July 2024

Gas sensing is crucial for detecting hazardous gasses in industrial environments, ensuring safety and preventing accidents. Additionally, it plays a vital role in environmental monitoring and control, helping to mitigate pollution and protect public health. Integrated photonic gas sensors are important due to their high sensitivity, rapid response time, and compact size, enabling precise recognition of gas concentrations in real-time. These sensors leverage photonic technologies, such as waveguides and resonators, to enhance performance over traditional gas sensors. Advancements in materials and fabrication techniques could further improve their efficiency, making them invaluable for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare diagnostics. In this review, we delved into photonic gas sensors that operate based on the principles of evanescent field absorption (EFA) and wavelength interrogation methods. These advanced sensing mechanisms allow for highly sensitive and selective gas detection, leveraging the interplay of light with gas molecules to produce precise measurements.
Is It Feasible to Perform Infant CPR during Transfer on a Stretcher until Cannulation for Extracorporeal CPR? A Randomization Simulation Study
Authors: Santos-Folgar Myriam , Fernández-Méndez Felipe , Otero-Agra Martín , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Rodríguez-Núñez Antonio
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) improves infant survival outcomes after cardiac arrest. If not feasible at the place of arrest, victims must be transported to a suitable room to perform ECMO while effective, sustained resuscitation maneuvers are performed. The objective of this simulation study was to compare the quality of resuscitation maneuvers on an infant manikin during simulated transfer on a stretcher (stretcher test) within a hospital versus standard stationary resuscitation maneuvers (control test). Methods: A total of 26 nursing students participated in a randomized crossover study. In pairs, the rescuers performed two 2 min tests, consisting of five rescue breaths followed by cycles of 15 compressions and two breaths. The analysis focused on CPR variables (chest compression and ventilation), CPR quality, the rate of perceived exertion and the distance covered. Results: No differences were observed in the chest compression quality variable (82 ± 10% versus 84 ± 11%, p = 0.15). However, significantly worse values were observed in the test for ventilation quality on the stretcher (18 ± 14%) compared to the control test (28 ± 21%), with a value of p = 0.030. Therefore, the overall CPR quality was worse in the stretcher test (50 ± 9%) than in the control test (56 ± 13%) (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Infant CPR performed by nursing students while walking alongside a moving stretcher is possible. However, in this model, the global CPR quality is less due to the low ventilation quality.
COVID-2019—A Personal Account of an Academic Institute’s Response to the Pandemic
Authors: Higgs Stephen
Published: July 2024

The unprecedented introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 epidemic, had many varied and unanticipated consequences for the United States and other countries. In addition to the direct effects of human infection, multiple industries, commodities, and jobs were impacted. This review describes the impact on an academic institution, with a chronological account of events related to constantly changing perceptions and understanding of the pandemic. Although a personal account, the objective is to document how leadership was able to adjust to circumstances in order to support research activities, student education, and the academic goals of our land grant university. It is hoped that these examples will inspire and better prepare us for a subsequent event and avoid what for the COVID-19 situation might be summarized as a progression from procrastination-pandemic-panic-pandemonium-endemic
An Electrochemical-Cycling-Induced Capacitive Component on the Surface of an Electrophoretic-Deposited Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathode
Authors: Park Byoung-Nam
Published: July 2024

In our research, we apply electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using AC voltage to investigate how high-C-rate electrochemical reactions affect pseudocapacitive charge storage in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) Li-ion batteries. This method significantly raises the battery’s specific capacity, achieving ~90 mAh/g at a 1 C-rate, along with outstanding cycle stability. Although we observe some capacity reduction over numerous cycles, there is a notable increase in the pseudocapacitive contribution to the battery’s charge storage. This is demonstrated by the consistent peak positions and currents during CV and a stable diffusion constant maintained at 9.6 × 10−9 cm2∙s−1. These findings highlight the battery’s durability, especially in high-demand scenarios. After an extended cycling period of ~500 cycles, the redox peaks related to the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox processes remain unchanged in terms of magnitude and position, indicating the battery’s excellent reversibility.
Use of Salt, Anesthetics, and Stocking Density in Transport of Live Fish: A Review
Authors: Luz Ronald Kennedy , Favero Gisele Cristina
Published: July 2024

For freshwater or marine fish farming to be successful, live fish must be transported. This can be performed with eggs, larvae, juveniles, and adults. Nonetheless, because of the handling, confinement, and duration of transport, it is considered a difficult procedure. To prevent significant physiological changes that could result in fish mortality, it is crucial to look for ways to reduce stress and enhance the quality of transport water. Consequently, a comprehensive range of research on the use of additives in water, including salt and artificial or natural anesthetics, is presented in this review, which also discusses potential changes in water quality factors during transport, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2), pH, ammonia, and temperature. The usage of stocking densities during transport is also covered in this review, with consideration given to the various recommendations for each species, fish size, and length of transport.
Hydrogel-Based Therapies for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rotaru-Zăvăleanu Alexandra-Daniela , Dinescu Venera Cristina , Aldea Madalina , Gresita Andrei
Published: July 2024

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, significantly impacting individuals, families, and healthcare systems. This neurological emergency can be triggered by ischemic events, including small vessel arteriolosclerosis, cardioembolism, and large artery atherothromboembolism, as well as hemorrhagic incidents resulting from macrovascular lesions, venous sinus thrombosis, or vascular malformations, leading to significant neuronal damage. The resultant motor impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and emotional disturbances underscore the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent advancements in biomaterials, particularly hydrogels, offer promising new avenues for stroke management. Hydrogels, composed of three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers, are notable for their ability to absorb and retain substantial amounts of water. Commonly used polymers in hydrogel formulations include natural polymers like alginate, chitosan, and collagen, as well as synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyacrylamide. Their customizable characteristics—such as their porosity, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and degradation rates—make hydrogels ideal for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cell delivery, tissue engineering, and the controlled release of therapeutic agents. This review comprehensively explores hydrogel-based approaches to both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke therapy, elucidating the mechanisms by which hydrogels provide neuroprotection. It covers their application in drug delivery systems, their role in reducing inflammation and secondary injury, and their potential to support neurogenesis and angiogenesis. It also discusses current advancements in hydrogel technology and the significant challenges in translating these innovations from research into clinical practice. Additionally, it emphasizes the limited number of clinical trials utilizing hydrogel therapies for stroke and addresses the associated limitations and constraints, underscoring the need for further research in this field.
Gait Assessment Using Smartphone Applications in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brognara Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Spatiotemporal parameters such as gait velocity and stride length are simple indicators of functional status and can be used to predict major adverse outcomes in older adults. A smartphone can be used for gait analysis by providing spatiotemporal parameters useful for improving the diagnosis and rehabilitation processes in frail people. The aim of this study was to review articles published in the last 20 years (from 2004 to 2024) concerning the application of smartphones to assess the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in older adults. This systematic review was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and original articles were identified by searching seven electronic databases: SciVerse (ScienceDirect), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Studies were rigorously screened using the inclusion criteria of smartphones and mobile apps, older adults and spatiotemporal gait parameters, and results were narratively synthesized. Seventy-three articles were initially identified while searching the scientific literature regarding this topic. Eleven articles were selected and included in this review. Analysis of these studies covered information about gait assessment using mobile apps recorded in 723 older adults and 164 control cases. Analysis of data related to the application of smartphones to assess spatiotemporal parameters of gait in older adults showed moderate-to-excellent test–retest reliability and validity (ICCs around 0.9) of gait speed, the most common parameter reported. Additionally, gait speeds recorded with mobile apps showed excellent agreement when compared to gold standard systems. Smartphones and mobile apps are useful, non-invasive, low-cost and objective tools that are being extensively used to perform gait analysis in older adults. Smartphones and mobile apps can reliably identify spatiotemporal parameters related to adverse outcomes, such as a slow gait speed, as predictors and outcomes in clinical practice and research involving older adults.
Effects of Digital Psychotherapy on Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oh Jinseok , Ho Jonggab , Lee Sanghee , Park Jin-Hyuck
Published: July 2024

Previous studies reported that digital psychotherapy was a clinically beneficial intervention for suicide ideation. However, the effects of digital psychotherapy on other aspects of suicide beyond ideation remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of digital psychotherapy on suicide and depression. Articles were identified by searching Cochrane, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO in line with the PRISMA statement, yielding nine randomized controlled trials. The difference between conditions regarding suicide and depression in the effect size of the individual article was calculated using Hedges’ g. Most digital psychotherapy interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and delivered via apps or the web for at least six weeks. Suicide outcomes primarily focused on suicide ideation. The findings showed digital psychotherapy achieved a significantly larger effect size for suicide (g = 0.488, p < 0.001) and depression (g = 0.316, p < 0.001), compared to controls. Specifically, digital psychotherapy showed a significant effect on both suicide ideation (g = 0.478, p < 0.001) and other suicidal variables (g = 0.330, p < 0.001). These results suggest the effectiveness of digital psychotherapy in reducing suicide and depression compared to traditional face-to-face therapy. Future research should consider a wider range of outcomes and examine the long-term effectiveness of digital psychotherapy to better understand its effects on suicide prevention.
Assessing Women’s Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Al-sahli Nujud Hassan , Alhammaqi Zahra Essa , Alruwailiy Raghad Faisal , Alzahrani Shatha Ahmed , Hakami Asma Ahmed , Al Mansour Ashjan Saeed , Khawaji Ola Abdu Yahya , Bakhsh Hanadi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 women aged 18–55 from various regions across the country. The findings revealed moderate overall STI knowledge, with gaps in understanding transmission routes (31.7%), recognizing symptoms (40.8%), and awareness of prevention methods (35.2%). Prevalent misconceptions included the belief that STIs can spread through casual contact (38%), only individuals with multiple partners are at risk (30%), and STIs are always symptomatic (32%). Demographic factors such as age, education level, and marital status significantly influenced STI knowledge, while residential area did not. Higher education, particularly bachelor’s degrees and above, was strongly associated with better awareness. Digital platforms like the internet and social media emerged as significant sources of STI information. Undergoing STI testing, discussing STIs with partners, using protection, and receiving the HPV vaccine were linked to higher knowledge levels. This study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions, integration of sexual health education into curricula, training healthcare providers, community engagement, and leveraging digital platforms to enhance STI awareness and prevention efforts among Saudi women.
Reference Gene Selection and Gene Expression Analysis during Gall Development of Zizania latifolia
Authors: Li Yipeng , Yi Huan , Gu Qing , Zheng Zhaisheng , Zhu Mingxing , Zha Xiaojun , Zhang Shangfa , Yang Mengfei
Published: July 2024

The stem tips of Zizania latifolia at different development stages were used as research materials. The expression stability of nine candidate reference genes (ACT1, H2B, UBI, EF-1α, GAPDH, β-actin, 60S, SKIP and AQP) were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The data were analyzed with GeNorm and NormFinder software. Present results indicated that the expression of ACT1 was stable and that it could be used as the optimal reference gene for studying the development stage of gall formation. ACT1 was selected as the reference gene to verify the expression level of the correlative genes in the gall formation stage of Z. latifolia. Our results were consistent with the previous transcriptome sequencing results. This study revealed that ACT1 was the classic reference gene for the analysis of correlative genes in all of the gall development stages of Z. latifolia.
An Investigation of Historic Transportation Infrastructure Preservation and Improvement through Historic Building Information Modeling
Authors: Salah Rnin , Szép János , Ajtayné Károlyfi Kitti , Géczy Nóra
Published: July 2024

Historical transportation infrastructures (HTIs) like railways and bridges are essential to our cultural heritage. However, the preservation and enhancement of these structures pose significant challenges due to their complex nature and the need for modern upgrades. Historic building information modeling (HBIM) has emerged as a solution, facilitating the documentation, restoration, and maintenance of historic transportation assets. The purpose of the proposed work is to provide a systematic review of research findings on the application of HBIM in historic transportation infrastructure, highlighting its role in capturing intricate architectural details and supporting decision making for preservation efforts. A series of case studies in which HBIM has been instrumental in preserving historic transportation infrastructure are investigated and analyzed using a comprehensive literature review method. Furthermore, future directions in HBIM research are proposed, identifying potential applications and recommending areas for further investigation. Additionally, this paper suggests HBIM’s potential to balance modernization demands with the conservation needs of historic transportation infrastructure, providing policymakers and stakeholders with insightful strategies for sustainable heritage management.
Contracted Capacity Optimization Problem of Industrial Customers with Risk Assessment
Authors: Tai Shih-Hsin , Tsai Ming-Tang , Huang Wen-Hsien , Tsai Yon-Hon
Published: July 2024

This study developed a risk assessment tool for contract capacity optimization problems using the ant colony optimization and auto-regression model. Based on the historical data of demand consumption, the Least Square algorithm, the Recursive Levinson–Durbin algorithm, and the Burg algorithm were used to derive the auto-regression model. Then, ant colony optimization was used to search for the auto-regression model’s best p-order parameters. To avoid the risk of setting the contract capacity, this paper designed the risk tolerance parameter β to correct the predicted value of the auto-regression model. Ant colony optimization was also used to search for the optimal contract capacity with risk assessment under the two-stage time-of-use and three-stage time-of-use. This study employed an industrial consumer with high voltage power in Taiwan as the research object, used the AR model to estimate the contract capacity under the risk assessment, and cut back electricity usage to reduce the operation cost. The results can be used as a basis to develop an efficient tool for industrial customers to select contract capacities with risks to obtain the best economic benefits.
Delving into the Complexity of Analogical Reasoning: A Detailed Exploration with the Generalized Multicomponent Latent Trait Model for Diagnosis
Authors: Ramírez Eduar , Jiménez Marcos , Franco Víthor , Alvarado Jesús
Published: July 2024

Research on analogical reasoning has facilitated the understanding of response processes such as pattern identification and creative problem solving, emerging as an intelligence predictor. While analogical tests traditionally combine various composition rules for item generation, current statistical models like the Logistic Latent Trait Model (LLTM) and Embretson’s Multicomponent Latent Trait Model for Diagnosis (MLTM-D) face limitations in handling the inherent complexity of these processes, resulting in suboptimal model fit and interpretation. The primary aim of this research was to extend Embretson’s MLTM-D to encompass complex multidimensional models that allow the estimation of item parameters. Concretely, we developed a three-parameter (3PL) version of the MLTM-D that provides more informative interpretations of participant response processes. We developed the Generalized Multicomponent Latent Trait Model for Diagnosis (GMLTM-D), which is a statistical model that extends Embretson’s multicomponent model to explore complex analogical theories. The GMLTM-D was compared with LLTM and MLTM-D using data from a previous study of a figural analogical reasoning test composed of 27 items based on five composition rules: figure rotation, trapezoidal rotation, reflection, segment subtraction, and point movement. Additionally, we provide an R package (GMLTM) for conducting Bayesian estimation of the models mentioned. The GMLTM-D more accurately replicated the observed data compared to the Bayesian versions of LLTM and MLTM-D, demonstrating a better model fit and superior predictive accuracy. Therefore, the GMLTM-D is a reliable model for analyzing analogical reasoning data and calibrating intelligence tests. The GMLTM-D embraces the complexity of real data and enhances the understanding of examinees’ response processes.