bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREREQUISITES OF ARMED AGGRESSION BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE: FROM HYBRID OPPOSITION TO LARGE-SCALE ARMED INVASION
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Vashchenko I. , Stadnik A. ,   Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Poltavskyi E. ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: January 2024

The article examines the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the peculiarities of the development of the modern world political process, the development of the global information space and technologies, the specifics of the social, economic and political conditions of the development of the modern world community that influenced the nature and peculiarities of the conduct of modern wars; analyzed the attempt to transition to force principles in relations between states, which was the beginning of the crisis of the European security system; formulated a vision of the concept of hybrid war through the prism of Ukrainian-Russian relations, as a kind of reference point in conflicts of a new type, state-legal mechanisms for ensuring the national security of Ukraine, justified the understanding of the essence of hybrid war as a new form of global confrontation in international relations, where hybrid war has become a new as a means of conducting an armed struggle at the beginning of the 21st century ? as the desire of one country to impose its political will on another through a complex of measures of a political, economic, informational and actually military nature ? without declaring war in accordance with the norms of international law; the main components of a hybrid war are characterized, with the help of which simultaneous influence on the opponent is carried out in various directions, where the determining components are informational, ideological, psychological, economic, political, diplomatic, military, technological, resource, energy; approaches are systematized understanding of the confrontation between Ukraine and the Russian Federation after 1991, namely the establishment of specific mass psychological attitudes, which at the time of transition of the conflict to the phase of large-scale armed aggression, were used to weaken Ukrainian statehood. An analysis was carried out to determine the location of the hybrid war as a prerequisite for the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. So, hybrid war is a new type of conflict that will be constantly encountered in the world in the last decades practice, therefore the world community must learn to adequately respond to such challenges and learn to effectively confront these threats.
CURRENT ISSUES OF PROSECUTION FOR CORRUPTION CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED DURING THE LEGAL REGIME OF MARTIAL STATE, AS WELL AS PREVENTING THE COMMITMENT OF THESE OFFENSES
Authors:   Kyiv Institute of the National Guard of Ukraine, Kovalova T.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the issue of prosecution for corruption criminal offenses committed during the legal regime of martial law, as well as prevention of these offenses. The relevance of the problem, as well as the object and subject of the research are outlined. Various sources were used for the analysis, including legislative acts, scientific publications and reports. The article provides a rationale for the most important task of Ukrainian society in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, namely, the preservation of statehood and territorial integrity, taking into account the challenges that came with the war, and is a serious problem of the stability and security of society, a threat to the stability of legal institutions, democratic values and the rule of law. Special attention is drawn to corruption, which to this day remains one of the most complex and still unsolved problems in Ukraine, and also, along with war, serves as a threat to the security stability of the state, the development of democracy and the preservation of ethical values. The rationale for the need to introduce the best international practices, standards and rules, which will allow strengthening the legal and regulatory regimes in the fight against corruption, as well as preserve the gains made by Ukraine in the prevention of corruption in peacetime, is presented. Further steps in the fight against corruption are proposed, which consist in realizing the need for a maximum revision of regulatory acts through the prism of the existing situation, and developing a basis for effective post-war legislation with the aim of not bringing corruption to a permanent level, but realizing its destructive effect. The article also considers ways of systematizing the current legislation regarding the approach to understanding corruption crimes and responsibility for them during the legal regime of martial law. In addition, the article reflects the dynamics of anti-corruption indicators in Ukraine in recent years and the development of state anti-corruption institutions.
FEATURES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN BORDER
Authors:   National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Mykhaylenko O. , Sitailo O. ,   National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Bilovskyi O. ,   National Academy of the State Border Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the content of the main measures to modernize the engineering and technical equipment of the border of Ukraine. The purpose of the article was to determine the features of the strategic planning of the engineering and technical equipment of the state border of Ukraine based on the analysis of regulatory and legal documents. A detailed analysis of the Integrated Border Management Strategy and the correspondingly adopted Action Plan, containing three stages with the specification of relevant measures, was carried out. When determining the spectrum of requirements for separate technical equipment of the border, the following essential factors of their operation conditions and the situation in the area of responsibility of the border protection unit should be taken into account. It should be noted that according to forecasts of the future development of the situation in the border area, there is a high probability of the existence of a general trend of real and potential threats from Russia. In general, the border agency as a component of the Security Forces of Ukraine counters threats of a military and terrorist nature in cooperation with other military and law enforcement formations of the security and defense sector. It can be argued that a state-wide system of border protection has been formed in Ukraine, which belongs to the system of ensuring Ukrainian national security. Factors in the development of the system of protection and protection of the Ukrainian state border as an integral component of the national security system are various types of threats that exist in the border area. The main threats to modern Ukraine are the war of the Russian Federation against the Ukrainian state, as a result of which part of the territory of Ukraine was occupied, manifestations of terrorism appeared, and the smuggling of weapons, ammunition and means of terror increased. The presented article presents the main measures of strategic planning of the engineering and technical arrangement of the Ukrainian border thanks to the implementation of the monitoring system of the border area. Conclusions and promising directions of scientific research are formulated.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AN OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF TASKS BY UNITS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Samoylenko V.
Published: January 2024

In modern military operations, units of the National Guard of Ukraine often have to perform tasks in densely populated urban areas, which complicates reconnaissance and monitoring. The prevalence of electronic warfare tactics that disrupt satellite signals such as GPS and GLONASS further exacerbates these problems. Traditional unmanned aerial vehicles, which rely heavily on satellite navigation, are vulnerable to electronic countermeasures, potentially compromising mission success. This article deals with the urgent issue of increasing the capacity of units of the National Guard of Ukraine that operate in such conditions. The challenge is the need for reliable and robust means of reconnaissance and navigation in environments where satellite signals are blocked or unavailable. To address this issue, the paper explores the integration of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with optical-electronic navigation systems, offering a viable alternative to satellite-based unmanned aerial vehicles. The advantages of such integration are numerous. First, it significantly improves navigation accuracy even in the absence of satellite signals through a combination of inertial navigation systems, high-frequency terrain navigation, and image-based navigation. These systems provide precise unmanned aerial vehicles movements, a critical requirement for reconnaissance missions in complex urban landscapes. In addition, resistance to electronic warfare stands out as a decisive advantage. Unmanned aerial vehicles with opto-electronic navigation systems combined with anti-jamming features become resilient to electronic warfare tactics, providing uninterrupted reconnaissance and monitoring in conflict environments. However, the integration of optical-electronic navigation systems has certain limitations. Weather conditions such as fog or heavy rain may interfere with navigation. In addition, data processing needs can strain onboard computing resources, requiring advanced processors for optimal performance. Additionally, damage to optical sensors due to environmental factors can disrupt navigation, requiring redundancy or repair. In summary, the integration of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles with opto-electronic navigation systems offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by National Guard units in urban environments. Enhanced accuracy, resistance to electronic warfare, and adaptability to changing conditions make this approach a compelling choice to enhance mission success and ensure the safety of National Guard personnel in complex and contested scenarios.
EVALUATION OF COURSE STABILITY OF FOUR-AXLE VEHICLES WITH TWO ROTATING TWO-AXLE PLATFORMS
Authors:   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Yarovyi H.
Published: January 2024

One of the most important operational properties of cars is directional stability, which affects road safety. Especially dangerous is the entry of multi-axle heavy trucks, whose stability is currently assessed using probabilistic methods of reliability theory. The consequence of this approach is the static uncertainty of the support system (undercarriage), which does not allow to accurately determine the normal reactions on the wheels of multi-axle cars. The classic layout of a combat wheeled vehicle, especially when performing tasks within the city limits, is insufficient maneuverability. The most common armored personnel carrier in the National Guard is the BTR 70 and its modifications. The minimum turning radius along the track of the front outer wheel is 12.6 m. The design of two rotating two-axle platforms will reduce this indicator. Also, such a design will allow, especially in the conditions of urban development, to place a two-platform combat vehicle with the letter "�" or "V" to cover personnel from a threatening direction. And the construction of two machines with such a configuration will provide all-round protection of personnel during combat missions or public order protection missions. The use on four-axle cars of front and rear two-axle rotary platforms with a balance suspension of the leading axles provides (in contrast to the traditional design of the chassis) resistance against skidding at any position of the center of mass and has a higher course stability compared to cars with a traditional chassis part. Thus, the study of the stability of four-axle vehicles with two two-axle rotary platforms is an urgent problem and needs further study.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION FEATURES IN MILITARY HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kravets V.
Published: January 2024

Today, Ukrainian universities continue to develop internal quality assurance systems, in particular, they form and improve appropriate institutional structures. The different types of organizational management structures of internal quality assurance system in higher education institutions of Ukraine are highlighted in the article. Their features in military higher education institutions are identified. It is determined that: 1) the most successful and widespread management structure of internal quality assurance system in Ukrainian universities is matrix; 2) the main functions of the quality management unit (or structure) are design (planning and organization), coordination, monitoring (control), motivation; 3) the type of organizational structure of the internal quality assurance system is determined by the mission and strategy of the higher education institution, the distribution of management functions among its subjects, the number of main educational units (faculties, institutes). Ten types of organizational structures of internal quality assurance system and a few their derivatives have been allocated. In military higher education institutions, which are characterized by a linear-functional structure of the organization of relationships with a high level of hierarchy, a small and medium number of educational units, the functions of quality management are mainly assigned to the educational and methodological unit, its structural units, or distributed among all structural units and collegial bodies. At the same time, the military higher educational institutions of Ukraine, under the influence of external factors and due to the gradual formation of an academic culture of quality, are transforming their management structures, creating a particular structural unit for quality management.
CRIMINALIZATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND INDONESIA ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS: CASE STUDY OF TANJUNG BENOA RECLAMATION
Authors: Robertua Verdinand
Published: January 2024

There is a serious problem with Indonesia's environmental politics because the government supported policies that potentially harmed the environment, including the reclamation project. Reclamation has harmed the mangrove forest and coral reef, as well as the fishing area. Civil society questioned the commitment of Indonesia's government to protecting the mangrove forest in Indonesia. The problem is worsened when activists and indigenous communities are criminalized. Activists are threatened by legal action due to their political activism. This research attempted to understand the role of civil society in changing government decisions by using a case study of the cancellation of the reclamation plan in Tanjung Benoa, Bali. Primary data is obtained through direct observation in Tanjung Benoa, Bali, and supported by secondary data from journals, news outlets, and official reports. There are two main findings. Firstly, the criminalization of civil society showed that the contradiction of the Indonesian constitution and law enforcement is clearer. Secondly, the government finally canceled the reclamation project in Tanjung Benoa due to massive protests from communities and civil society.

Keywords: Environmental Politics,  Indonesia, Tanjung Benoa, Civil Society, Reclamation
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DI TINJAU DARI SELF EFFICACY DAN GENDER
Authors: Bariyah Chairul , Wandini Rora Rizky
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa ditinjau dari self-efficacy dan gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian dekskriptif yang dilakukan di SD IT Al-Fatih. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari 34 siswa kelas V, terdiri dari 15 siswa laki-laki dan 19 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling melalui purposive sampling. Yang dimana terdapat 5 butir soal, angket observasi indikator, serta kusioner self-efficacy. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis dengan indikator komunikasi matematis yang digunakan, yaitu; (1) mengungkapkan ide matematika secara tertulis maupun lisan; (2) Merumuskan definisi dan membuat generalisasi; (3) Menyajikan matematika dengan pengertian; (4) Menjelaskan pertanyaan matematika; (5) Menghargai daya dan keindahan matematis. Selain menggunakan lembar soal juga menggunakan lembar kusioner self-efficacy. Selanjutnya data dalam penelitian ini di analisis dengan cara menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji regresi berganda. Dan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji hipotesis tersebut diperoleh f hitung = 2,250 dengan nilai sig. 0,122 > 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak dan diterima H3, artinya ada hubungan signifikan antara pengaruh komunikasi matematis siswa dan self-efficacy secara simultan dilihat dari gender, sehingga dapat disimpulkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa laki-laki dan perempuan tidak berbeda secara signifikan, dan keduanya dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang diberikan dengan hasil mereka dalam menjawab soal soal yang ada.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi matematika, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Gender
CHALLENGES OF TEACHING INDONESIAN FOR FOREIGN SPEAKERS (BAHASA INDONESIA BAGI PENUTUR ASING/BIPA) IN AUSTRIA DURING THE PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Annisa Robita Ika , Sumaludin M. Maman
Published: January 2024

Out of the 41 countries that run the Indonesian Language Learning Program for Foreign Speakers, in collab with the Language Development and Cultivation Agency under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, Austria is one of them. When the learning went online due to the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers, students, and Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers class organizers, the Indonesian Embassy in Vienna together with the University of Vienna, faced challenges. Based on this background, this study aims to describe the challenges of Indonesian Language teachers for Austrian when they implement the learning by online. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The writer got the data through interviews and questionnaires to Indonesian Language teachers for Austrian from winter 2020 to winter 2021 and was strengthened by literature studies. As a result, teachers face various challenges such as technical issues with the devices and internet networks, and time gaps between Indonesia and Austria. Online classes are widely open for everyone in Austria, but at the same time amount of students is also rising because some of them preferred to do it face to face, and the difficulty of managing online classes with high heterogeneity. The efforts made by teachers in responding to these challenges include varying learning activities, opening communication spaces with students through various platforms, utilizing various online platforms that are relevant to learning topics, and organizing and inviting guest lecturers for speaking class and cultural topics.
Comparative study of multiple linear regression and artificial neural network forprediction of first lactation 305-days milk yield in Tharparkar cattle
Authors: . Subhita , Nehara M , Pannu U , Bairwa M , . Rashmi
Published: January 2024

The present investigation was undertaken on 3266weekly test day milk yield records of first lactation Tharparkar cows spread over a period of 8 years (2012-2020) maintained at Livestock Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner. The weekly test day milk yields (WTD) were used to develop best multiple linear regressions (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of first lactation 305-days milk yield (FL305DMY).Further, the comparison was made between MLR and ANN model based on coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Artificial Neural Network was trained using backpropagation algorithms viz. Scaled conjugate gradient (SCG). It has been observed that the coefficient of determination of the models was increased with the addition of test day milk yields as input variables. It was inferred from the study that artificial neural network was better than the multiple linear regression to predictFL305DMY with more than 70% accuracy by almost all the input sets at early as 117th day of the lactation with lesser value of RMSE in comparison to MLR. Therefore, it is concluded that ANN is a potential tool for the prediction of the first lactation305-days milk yield in Tharparkar cattle than multiple linear regression.
Milk microflora with S. aureus alike colony characteristics limits its identification over selective and differential agar media
Authors: Wandhare Arundhati Ganesh , Chandra Mudit , Panwar Harsh
Published: January 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is considered a significant public health concern, owing to its involvement in food poisoning outbreaks. Milk and milk products are consumed by almost all age groups and serves as a vital nutrition source. Being highly nutritious milk serves as a promising matrix for the proliferation of S. aureus and other potential pathogens. Rapid detection of food-borne pathogens like S. aureus is vital for ensuring consumer safety. Conventional methods are still considered asthe gold standard for pathogen detection in food matrices.Analysis using these methods involves sample plating overselective agar media, followed by microscopic analysis andbiochemical tests. Although phenotypic detection based oncolour and colony characteristics over selective and differentialmedia is indicative, its sensitivity is compromised by organismsthat display colony characteristics similar to the target organism. In this study we attempted to identify organisms from milk matrix showing characteristics similar to S. aureus over different agar media that are claimed to be selective for S. aureus. Identification of these organisms depicting S. aureus alike colony characteristics and development of more selective media can help to expedite S. aureus identification from milk and milk products with more confidence.
An investigation on morphometric measurements and adaptability of Marathwadi buffaloes in the native breeding tract
Authors: Dhenge SA , Vaidya MM , Dongre VB , Khandait VN , Singh SV
Published: January 2024

The present study was carried out on 204 Marathwadi buffaloes, 154 from Livestock Farm Complex (LFC), College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (COVAS), Udgir, Dist. Latur and50 from villages of Udgir tahsil to analyse their growth and adaptability profile. Marathwadi buffaloes were divided (age wise)into three groups (0-1 year, 1-3 year and 3 year and above).Different biometrical and physiological parameters were recorded during five consecutive years to study the growth profile and adaptability of Marathwadi buffaloes. No significant difference was observed in morphological parameters (body length, chestgirth, height at withers, body weight and body surface area)between buffaloes reared in LFC, COVAS, Udgir and under field conditions of adjoining villages in Udgir Tahsil. Body growth pattern was proportionate according to age in both the groups. However, growth parameters were comparatively lower in buffaloes under village conditions than buffaloes maintained atLFC, COVAS, Udgir. Benezra’s Coefficient of Adaptability (BCA)was used to assess the adaptability of these buffaloes and nosignificant difference was observed among the both group of buffaloes across all age groups. However, as per Iberia Heat Tolerance Coefficient (IHTC), adaptability values were nearby 100 in all groups and there was no significant difference was observed between these two groups. It is inferred that, growth pattern was proportionate with age in Marathwadi buffaloes which were reared under organised farm as compared to the animals reared under field condition
Study on consumer awareness of dairy analogues in Gujarat State
Authors: Parmar Pankaj , Prajapati Jashbhai B. , Mohapatra Smruti Smita , Sontakke Ankit Ashokrao
Published: January 2024

Milk is considered almost a complete food that provides macro and micronutrients in balanced proportions. To capture the market of milk and milk products, their imitation product manufacturers use the word ‘milk’. A detailed survey on the consumer awareness of dairy analogues of 852 respondents from8 districts of Gujarat was done. This study analyzed the consumer awareness towards dairy analogues, to determine whether price, taste, texture and push selling have a direct effect on marketdemand of dairy products and whether consumers pay attentionto the labels of the products. It was concluded that the consumers are less aware of the dairy analogues (milk, ice cream, butter and cheese). They pay attention to the price primarily followed by taste, appearance and brand. The consumers do not pay much attention to the parameters such as nutritional benefits, labels, ingredients, and best before or use by date.
Nanomedicine in Focus
Authors: Perez Ana Paula
Published: January 2024

Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine, comprising the utilization of materials at the nanoscale for purposes such as disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This commentary explores some of the applications, challenges, and developments in nanomedicine, with a specific emphasis on the pivotal role of lipid-based nanocarriers in drug delivery systems.Nanomedicine operates within the scale defined by the prefix 'nano', typically involving materials with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. Additionally, materials that fall outside the nanoscale range but still exhibit similar properties or phenomena due to specific dimensions are considered part of nanomedicine [1]. It is worth noting that the properties of these materials differ from the same materials on a larger scale. Moreover, the unique properties of nanomaterials arise from their increased surface area-to-volume ratio as material dimensions shrink, altering their interactions with the environment.
Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis optimization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol, xylitol, and phenylacetylcarbinol co-production using Candida magnoliae
Authors: Porninta Kritsadaporn , Khemacheewakul Julaluk , Techapun Charin , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Sommanee Sumeth , Mahakuntha Chatchadaporn , Feng Juan , Htike Su Lwin , Moukamnerd Churairat , Zhuang Xinshu , Wang Wen , Qi Wei , Li Fu-Li , Liu Tianzhong , Kumar Anbarasu , Nunta Rojarej , Leksawasdi Noppol
Published: January 2024

Cellulosic bioethanol production generally has a higher operating cost due to relatively expensive pretreatment strategies and low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. The production of other high-value chemicals such as xylitol and phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) is, thus, necessary to offset the cost and promote economic viability. The optimal conditions of diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment under boiling water at 95°C and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis steps for sugarcane bagasse (SCB), rice straw (RS), and corn cob (CC) were optimized using the response surface methodology via a central composite design to simplify the process on the large-scale production. The optimal pretreatment conditions (diluted sulfuric acid concentration (% w/v), treatment time (min)) for SCB (3.36, 113), RS (3.77, 109), and CC (3.89, 112) and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (pretreated solid concentration (% w/v), hydrolysis time (h)) for SCB (12.1, 93), RS (10.9, 61), and CC (12.0, 90) were achieved. CC xylose-rich and CC glucose-rich hydrolysates obtained from the respective optimal condition of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis steps were used for xylitol and ethanol production. The statistically significant highest (p ≤ 0.05) xylitol and ethanol yields were 65% ± 1% and 86% ± 2% using Candida magnoliae TISTR 5664. C. magnoliae could statistically significantly degrade (p ≤ 0.05) the inhibitors previously formed during the pretreatment step, including up to 97% w/w hydroxymethylfurfural, 76% w/w furfural, and completely degraded acetic acid during the xylitol production. This study was the first report using the mixed whole cells harvested from xylitol and ethanol production as a biocatalyst in PAC biotransformation under a two-phase emulsion system (vegetable oil/1 M phosphate (Pi) buffer). PAC concentration could be improved by 2-fold compared to a single-phase emulsion system using only 1 M Pi buffer.
Oral anticoagulants increased 30-day survival in sepsis patients complicated with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Ge Gaoyuan , Bo Dan , Jiang Rongli , Zhao Wei , Lu Yao
Published: January 2024

Background

The severity of sepsis is associated with systemic clotting activation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly observed arrhythmia in patients with sepsis and can lead to a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between oral anticoagulants and survival from septic patients complicated with AF.

Methods

The data of 8,828 septic patients, including 2,955 AF and 5,873 without AF, were all originated from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients with sepsis and AF are divided into OAC- group (n = 1,774) and OAC+ group (n = 1,181) based on OAC therapy. Septic patients with no AF were considered as the control group (n = 5,873, sepsis and no AF group). The main outcome endpoint was the survival rate of 30 day. The secondary outcome endpoint was the length of stay (LOS) from intensive care unit and hospital. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the influence of superfluous factors, and a restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis was used for calculating the benefit of survival time and survival rate. Analysis including univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find prognosis-related predictors.

Results

After PSM, the OAC+group had a higher 30-day survival rate compared to the OAC- group (81.59% vs. 58.10%; P < 0.001) in the ICU. Despite the higher survival, the hospital LOS (14.65 days vs. 16.66 days; P = 0.15) and ICU LOS (6.93 days vs. 5.92 days; P = 0.02) were prolonged at OAC+ group than OAC- group. No difference was found in survival rate of 30 day between the sepsis patients using warfarin and patients using NOAC (85.60% vs. 79.84%, P = 0.12). The sepsis patients using warfarin had a prolonged LOS in ICU and hospital compared with the sepsis patients using NOAC. In the vasopressor subgroup, patients who received NOAC therapy were associated with a reduced 30-day survival rate (73.57% vs. 84.03%; P = 0.04) and reduced LOS in ICU and hospital than those on warfarin therapy.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that oral anticoagulants may increase the 30-day survival rate of patients with sepsis and AF.
The chylomicron saga: time to focus on postprandial metabolism
Authors: Gugliucci Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Since statins have had such tremendous therapeutic success over the last three decades, the field of atherosclerosis has become somewhat LDL-centric, dismissing the relevance of triglycerides (TG), particularly chylomicrons, in atherogenesis. Nonetheless, 50% of patients who take statins are at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and are unable to achieve their goal LDL-C levels. This residual risk is mediated, in part by triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants. Following his seminal investigation on the subject, Zilversmit proposed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial event in 1979 (1–4). In essence, the concept suggests that remnant cholesterol-rich chylomicron (CM) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles play a role in atherogenesis. Given the foregoing, this narrative review addresses the most recent improvements in our understanding of postprandial dyslipidemia. The primary metabolic pathways of chylomicrons are discussed, emphasizing the critical physiological role of lipoprotein lipase and apoCIII, the importance of these particles’ fluxes in the postprandial period, their catabolic rate, the complexities of testing postprandial metabolism, and the role of angiopoietin-like proteins in the partition of CM during the fed cycle. The narrative is rounded out by the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in insulin resistance states and consequent CVD risk, the clinical evaluation of postprandial dyslipidemia, current research limits, and potential future study directions.
Research on hot water chemical flooding technology in Bohai heavy oil field
Authors: Jian Zhang , Dan Liang , Wensheng Zhou , Qichen Zhang , Liqi Wang , Zhijie Wei
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The hot water chemical flooding technology effectively improves the fluidity ratio and enhances the horizontal and vertical oil displacement efficiency of the reservoir through the synergistic effect of thermal energy and chemicals, which can further enhance the recovery rate on the basis of throughput thermal recovery.

Methods: Based on the geological reservoir parameters of Bohai B oilfield, an oil recovery system evaluation experiment and scheme design study were carried out. Injection parameters such as hot water temperature, chemical agent concentration, and chemical agent dosage that affect the oil recovery effect of hot water chemical flooding were optimized and designed. The development characteristics and effects of two thermal recovery technologies, namely multi thermal fluid throughput and hot water chemical flooding, were compared and analyzed.

Results: The results show that with the increase of temperature, the effect of chemical agents on improving the water-oil mobility ratio and reducing the viscosity of crude oil is weakened, and the thermal energy plays a leading role in enhancing oil recovery, but when the temperature is higher than 115°C, the improvement of oil recovery is slowed down, and the comprehensive economic indicators decline rapidly. As the concentration of chemical agent increases, the enhanced oil recovery increases monotonously. When the concentration is 1500 mg/L, the comprehensive economic indicators reach the peak and then decline, indicating that the efficiency of chemical agent decreases. The total amount of chemical agent shall be controlled within 0.25 ~ 0.30 PV. The case calculation shows that hot water chemical flooding can expand the effective radius from 80 m to 400 m, more effectively use the reserves between injection and production wells, increase the oil recovery by 4.8 percentage points, and increase the oil yield by 31.7 m3/t per ton of agent.

Discussion: It is suggested that Bohai B Oilfield can adopt hot water chemical flooding after the multiple thermal fluid huff and puff to continuously guarantee the oilfield production.
Historical evolution of cancer genomics research in Latin America: a comprehensive visual and bibliometric analysis until 2023
Authors: Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Lozada-Martinez Luz Miryam , Cabarcas-Martinez Andrés , Ruiz-Gutierrez Franklin Kevin , Aristizabal Vanegas Jose Gabriel , Amorocho Lozada Katherine Julieth , López-Álvarez Lina María , Fiorillo Moreno Ornella , Navarro Quiroz Elkin
Published: January 2024

Background: Cancer genomics, as an interdisciplinary research area within the Global Cancer Research agenda, genomics and precision medicine, its important in research and clinical practice in Latin America. To date, there has been no study investigating evolution of this area in this region. The aim of this study was to evaluate for first time, the historical evolution of cancer genomics research in Latin America.

Methods: Bibliometric cross-sectional study of documents on cancer genomics published by Latin American authors until 2023 in Scopus was performed. Statistical and visual analysis was performed with R programming language.

Results: A total of 1534 documents were obtained. The first document of cancer genomics research was published in 1997, marking the inception of a 26-year evaluation period that extended until 2023. Among the documents, 74.3% (n = 1140) constituted original articles, followed by 22.7% (n = 349) classified as reviews. International collaboration was observed in 6.5% (n = 100) of the articles. Within the compilation of the ten most prolific authors in this region, 90% of them are from Brazil. This observed pattern extends to affiliations as well, wherein the Universidade de São Paulo emerges as the most active institution (n = 255 documents). This arrangement firmly establishes Brazil’s prominence as the preeminent country in the region concerning cancer genomics research, showcasing robust collaboration networks both regionally and intercontinentally. An important transition in the studied hot topics over the last 20 years was identified, from the exploration of the human genome and the characterization of genomic and proteomic cancer profiles (1997–2010) to an in-depth investigation of cancer stem cells and personalized medicine (2011–2023). Among the array of cancer types under study, predominant attention has been directed towards breast, lung, prostate, and leukemia.

Conclusion: Over the course of the past 26 years, a favorable and notable evolution has characterized cancer genomics research within Latin America, with Brazil leading the way, which possess a robust network of regional and intercontinental collaboration. Furthermore, the lines of research and hot topics have change in harmony with the region’s objectives, strategies, and requisites.
Full-length transcriptome characterization of Platycladus orientalis based on the PacBio platform
Authors: Liao Ting , Zhang Linyi , Wang Ye , Guo Liqin , Cao Jun , Liu Guobin
Published: January 2024

As a unique and native conifer in China, Platycladus orientalis is widely used in soil erosion control, garden landscapes, timber, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the lack of reference genome and transcriptome, it is limited to the further molecular mechanism research and gene function mining. To develop a full-length reference transcriptome, tissues from five different parts of P. orientalis and four cone developmental stages were sequenced and analyzed by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing through the PacBio platform in this study. Overall, 37,111 isoforms were detected by PacBio with an N50 length of 2,317 nt, an average length of 1,999 bp, and the GC content of 41.81%. Meanwhile, 36,120 coding sequences, 5,645 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 1,201 non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 182 alternative splicing (AS) events with five types were identified using the results obtained from the PacBio transcript isoforms. Furthermore, 1,659 transcription factors (TFs) were detected and belonged to 51 TF families. A total of 35,689 transcripts (96.17%) were annotated through the NCBI nr, KOG, Swiss-Prot and KEGG databases, and 385 transcript isoforms related to 8 types of hormones were identified incorporated into plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The assembly and revelation of the full-length transcriptome of P. orientalis offer a pioneering insight for future investigations into gene function and genetic breeding within Platycladus species.
High monocytic MDSC signature predicts multi-drug resistance and cancer relapse in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP
Authors: Dhar Sukanya , Chakravarti Mohona , Ganguly Nilanjan , Saha Akata , Dasgupta Shayani , Bera Saurav , Sarkar Anirban , Roy Kamalika , Das Juhina , Bhuniya Avishek , Ghosh Sarbari , Sarkar Madhurima , Hajra Srabanti , Banerjee Saptak , Pal Chiranjib , Saha Bhaskar , Mukherjee Kalyan Kusum , Baral Rathindranath , Bose Anamika
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous lymphoproliferative malignancy with B cell origin. Combinatorial treatment of rituximab, cyclophsphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard treatment regimen for NHL, yielding a complete remission (CR) rate of 40-50%. Unfortunately, considerable patients undergo relapse after CR or initial treatment, resulting in poor clinical implications. Patient’s response to chemotherapy varies widely from static disease to cancer recurrence and later is primarily associated with the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have become a crucial target for improving the therapy efficacy. However, a better understanding of their involvement is needed for distinctive response of NHL patients after receiving chemotherapy to design more effective front-line treatment algorithms based on reliable predictive biomarkers.

Methods

Peripheral blood from 61 CD20+ NHL patients before and after chemotherapy was utilized for immunophenotyping by flow-cytometry at different phases of treatment. In-vivo and in-vitro doxorubicin (Dox) resistance models were developed with murine Dalton’s lymphoma and Jurkat/Raji cell-lines respectively and impact of responsible immune cells on generation of drug resistance was studied by RT-PCR, flow-cytometry and colorimetric assays. Gene silencing, ChIP and western blot were performed to explore the involved signaling pathways.

Results

We observed a strong positive correlation between elevated level of CD33+CD11b+CD14+CD15- monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC) and MDR in NHL relapse cohorts. We executed the role of M-MDSCs in fostering drug resistance phenomenon in doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells in both in-vitro, in-vivo models. Moreover, in-vitro supplementation of MDSCs in murine and human lymphoma culture augments early expression of MDR phenotypes than culture without MDSCs, correlated well with in-vitro drug efflux and tumor progression. We found that MDSC secreted cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β are the dominant factors elevating MDR expression in cancer cells, neutralization of MDSC secreted IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β reversed the MDR trait. Moreover, we identified MDSC secreted IL-6/IL-10/IL-1β induced STAT1/STAT3/NF-κβ signaling axis as a targeted cascade to promote early drug resistance in cancer cells.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that screening patients for high titre of M-MDSCs might be considered as a new potential biomarker and treatment modality in overcoming chemo-resistance in NHL patients.
The cellular triumvirate: fibroblasts entangled in the crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells
Authors: Fergatova Adel , Affara Nesrine I.
Published: January 2024

This review article will focus on subpopulations of fibroblasts that get reprogrammed by tumor cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Throughout this article, we will discuss the intricate interactions between fibroblasts, immune cells, and tumor cells. Unravelling complex intercellular crosstalk will pave the way for new insights into cellular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of the local tumor immune microenvironment and propose novel immunotherapy strategies that might have potential in harnessing and modulating immune system responses.
Causal relationship between the gut microbiome and basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning: evidence from three two-sample mendelian randomisation studies
Authors: Lou Jiaqi , Cui Shengyong , Li Jiliang , Jin Guoying , Fan Youfen , Huang Neng
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The present study used publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to perform three two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, aiming to examine the causal links between gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning.

Methods

SNPs associated with exposures to basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer and ease of skin tanning from the genome-wide association study data of UK Biobank and MRC-IEU (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit), and the meta-analysis data from Biobank and MRC-IEU were used as instrumental variables (IVs). The casual estimates were assessed with a two-sample Mendelian randomisation test using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, Wald ratio, MR-Egger method, maximum likelihood, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode.

Results

After the application of MR analysis, diffirent effects of multiple groups of gut microbiota was observed for BCC, melanoma skin cancer and ease of skin tanning. The relationships between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning were supported by a suite of sensitivity analyses, with no statistical evidence of instrument heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Further investigation is required to explore the relationship between between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning.

Conclusion

Our study initially identified potential causal roles between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning, and highlighted the role of gut microbiome in the progression of basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning.
Brain FADE syndrome: the final common pathway of chronic inflammation in neurological disease
Authors: Hanafy Khalid A. , Jovin Tudor G.
Published: January 2024

Importance

While the understanding of inflammation in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases is now accepted, this special commentary addresses the need to study chronic inflammation in the propagation of cognitive Fog, Asthenia, and Depression Related to Inflammation which we name Brain FADE syndrome. Patients with Brain FADE syndrome fall in the void between neurology and psychiatry because the depression, fatigue, and fog seen in these patients are not idiopathic, but instead due to organic, inflammation involved in neurological disease initiation.

Observations

A review of randomized clinical trials in stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, COVID, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease reveal a paucity of studies with any component of Brain FADE syndrome as a primary endpoint. Furthermore, despite the relatively well-accepted notion that inflammation is a critical driving factor in these disease pathologies, none have connected chronic inflammation to depression, fatigue, or fog despite over half of the patients suffering from them.

Conclusions and relevance

Brain FADE Syndrome is important and prevalent in the neurological diseases we examined. Classical “psychiatric medications” are insufficient to address Brain FADE Syndrome and a novel approach that utilizes sequential targeting of innate and adaptive immune responses should be studied.