bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH METHOD IMPLIED LEARNING NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL DISCIPLINES (the end of the 1950s –the mid-1980s)
Authors:   PhD Student of Pedagogics and Management of Department, CHEE «Kherson Academy of Continuing Education» of Kherson Regional Council, HALYTSKA Natalia
Published: November 2020

ntroduction. Nowadays, the nature of preparing a student for the conditions of today is subject of change. Every graduate of the school should be crea-tively involved in information progress, not only as a doer but as a researcher. School education has identified a competency path. In this way there are some difficulties, in our opinion, it is necessary to choose such methods that would contribute to the formation of certain competences. Purpose. Conducting theoretical analysis and general-izing the development of the research method of the late 50's to the mid 80's of the twentieth century. We hypothe-size that the formation of research skills in the lessons of natural and mathematical disciplines occurs in the context of the development of research method. Methods. The method of theoretical analysis is used in the work. Results. The research method acts by forming re-search skills. It is revealed that in the period of the late 50's to the mid 60's of the XX century in the methodology there was no concept of "research method", and therefore, the concept of "research skills in lessons" as such did not exist. Practical methods have been widely implemented. There was also the transition of some (botanical) skills to other (polytechnic). It is revealed that with the advent of the article by I. Ya. Lerner (1965) in methodology and pedagogy the re-search method began to introduce (in the classification of methods). Subsequently, the development of the research method began, although the definitions of "research skills" remained unaddressed. In the late 60's, attention was paid to the presentation of the finished material. There is a change in the internal characteristics of students' activi-ties in the process of skills formation, the degree of inde-pendence is low. In the 70's, attention was drawn to cognitive autonomy, the ability to learn independently. In the mid-1980s, attention to the research method became widely known. Originality. It has been established that since 1965, the research method has been reintroduced precisely in the lessons, whereas prior to this period, the introduction of different types of experiments, research was character-istic of extracurricular activities that were carried out in the school teaching and research areas. Practical skills were formed in the lessons, and therefore 1965 could be considered a year when the research skills began to form in the lessons of the natural sciences and mathematics. Conclusions. It is concluded that the research method is a way of organizing the highest level of cognitive inde-pendence of students. And, therefore, has a complex structure, because it combines knowledge, practical skills, methods of science with stages of cognition. Research skills are also transformed.
THE ROLE OF SERVICE LEARNING IN THE US STUDENTS’ CITIZENSHIP FORMATION
Authors:   PhD studentofProblems on EducationInstitute,National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, SHARANOVA Yuliia
Published: November 2020

Introductain. The article highlights the ed-ucational potential of service learning in the US higher education in the process of forming students' citizenship. Teaching community service as a highly effective peda-gogical practice in American higher education institutions ensures the development of students' readiness for a meaningful and responsible life in an interdependent world characterized by uncertainty, rapid change and destabilizing inequality, and serves as a basis for forming students’ citizenship.The definition of community service learning by the American educators, who see it as a form of learning, as well as a teaching strategy that combines sociallysignifi-cant activities with an educational process based on reflection with the view to enriching students' learning experience, building civic responsibility and strengthening communities, is considered. The basic requirements of conformity of service learning in universities and colleges of the USA to the status of educational discipline are characterized.It is noted that teaching service learning in higher ed-ucation institutions in the United States promotes, through dialogue and cooperation, the social and cognitive devel-opment of students who, coming from the comfort zone to the contact zone, learn to interact effectively with each other and other people as well
DIALECT TEXTS AS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE AT UKRAINIAN LESSONS
Authors:   PhD in Philology, Lecturer of Pedagogy, Special Education and Management Department,Municipal institution “Sumy regionalinstitute of postgraduate pedagogical education", LYTVYNENKO Yana
Published: November 2020

ntroduction. The presence of the requi-?ements of modern society to the secondary school graduate determines the modernization of education, in particular its content. One of the current principles of studying the Ukrainian language today is a text-centric approach. The essence of text-centrism is to use texts as illustrative material in the study of language topics. In the texts selection, teachers prefer artistic samples. But diale-?t texts - records of living folk speech can also be used as a learning resource. The purpose of the article is to prove the expediency of using dialect texts as an educational resource in Ukrainian language lessons; to publish some examples of living folk speech, recorded by the author in East Polesian dialects, which can be used in the teaching and education of high school students. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, analogy, generalization, as well as the method of continuous sampling. The main results of the study. Complex tasks, made on a text basis, allow developing not only language and speech knowledge and skills of students, but also the ability to formulate their own statements, as well as to satisfy the cognitive interests of students. Dialect texts contain rich linguistic material, so their use allows you to master the language at all levels of the language system. Acquaintance with samples of folk speeches promotes the prestige of proficiency in the Ukrainian language. Through dialect texts, students get acquainted with the world picture of Ukrainians, their customs, traditions, spiritual and material culture, folk life. All this forms the ethnic consciousness of high school students. Originality. The article raises the issue of the use of dialect texts in the study of the Ukrainian language for the first time and publishes samples of dialect discourse recorded in East Polesian dialects. Conclusions and author’s specific suggestions. The use of dialect texts contributes to the development of language and speech competence of students, as well as general cultural and national education of high school students. The didactic and information potential of dialect texts is very large, so they can be used in the study of other subjects (Ukrainian literature, history of Ukraine, biology, geography, etc.).
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN THE LIVES OF DISABLED PEOPLE
Authors:   PhD in Pedagogy, Assistant Professor,Pedagogical and Technical College(Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczno-Techniczna)in Konin, Poland, ZIĘTEK Anna
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with problems related to meeting the individual and social needs of people with disabilities. It indicates that people with disabilities expect individual and proposed support from non-governmental organisations and insti-?utions and organisations supporting people with disabilities locally. The paper presents organ-?sationaland legal regulations concerning social and professional integration, accessibility, independence and equality on the labour market. The theoretical issues presented in the paper present the problems of people with disabilities and a proposal to solve individual problems of people with disabilities in the areas of, among others, preventing educational and professional inequ-?lities. The paper presents tasks to promote vocational education and employment by including people with disabilities in a flexible and open system. It points to the importance of adapting vocational and continuing education institutions, workplaces and the social and professional environment to the needs and possibilities of people with disabilities. This paper presents the directions of changes and improvement of the relation: education –social environment –labour market and striving to correlate vocational education with social environment and labour market. The paper indicates that in the system of education and professional activation and employment of people with disabilities it is important to support people with disabilities through aid services. People with disabilities expect assistance and support from career advisers and assistants both in their working life and in the socialenvironment. Assis-?ance services offered, among others, in school career centres, county and voivodeship employment offices and social assistance centres solve some of the problems of people with disabilities, ensuring, among others, integration and equalopportunities in education and on the open labour market. The proposed institutional and organisational assistance supports people with disabilities in social and professional life. It is essential to seek to correlate the assistance offered with problemsreported individually by people with disabilities
TRAINING SOCIAL WORKERS FOR THE FORMATION OF SEXUAL CULTURE OF YOUNG PEOPLE AS A MEANS OF PREVENTING SEXUAL DEMORALIZATION
Authors:   PhD inPedagogy, Associate Professorof Social Work, Management and Pedagogy Department,Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, CHUBUK Ruslan
Published: November 2020

Introduction.The article deals with aspects of the professional preparedness of future social workers for the prevention of sexual demoralization of youth.The purposeemphasis is placed on the fact that the basis of preventive measures is the timely detection of negative psycho-pedagogical and information and organization factors.Results. The author stresses that in order to adhere to the norms, one must necessarily know them, correctly understand and be able to implement them responsibly. The enumerated factors are the criteria for deviations from the norm. Their absence or presence can establish the norm with the definition of their consequences for the society. Specifying the context of the initiated research, the article outlines the main professional roles that are being performed by a social worker.They are a consult-ant, proofreader, mentor, manager, etc. A social worker must provide a subjective and positive impact onthe personality of a young person. Methods. It is advisable to use effective preventive measures at a personal level: counseling, explanations, personal development trainings, target-oriented conversations, special treatment, etc.Originality. In this case, the constructive task of social-preventive work is the following: to prevent the occurrence of deviations of sexual behavior; direct the ideas of the young man on the moral-right attitude and understanding of sexual life; assist in mastering the fundamentals of sexual culture, taking into account the change in the negative factors that provoked the emergence of intentions to commit immoral or destructive behavior. Conclusion. Summarizing the above-mentioned, the author concluded that the state of spiritual and moral decay of some young people requires the implementation of decisive social and preventive measures. These measures include sexual education with a view to preventing sexual demoralization and raising the level of sexual culture of modern youth.Sex education should be a process of systematic and overall influence on the pupils’consciousnessin order to develop socially adequate, gender behavior with elements of sexual culture
O. Andrzej BOBER SJ
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

oficjalne
Wykaz drukowanych prac O. Andrzeja Bobera SJ
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

oficjalne
O powołaniu narodów do Chrystusa
Authors: Bartnik Czesław
Published: November 2020

Im Artikel wird detallliert aufgezelgt, wie das wahrscheinlich in den Jahren 460-468 in Rom entstandene patristische Werk "De vocatione omnium gentium" eine bestimmte Theologie der Geschichte nicht nur des Individuums, sondern auch der Nation beinhaltet.
"Modlitwa uboga" u Ojców Pustyni
Authors: Borkowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2020

The Desert Fathers seem to have led a singularly drab and dry life of prayer: those at least who are the real heroes of tha Gerontikon, the Old Men.
Schemat polemiki z Marcjonem u Ireneusza z Lyonu i Eznika z Kolb
Authors: Częsz Bogdan
Published: November 2020

In the present raport I would like to draw attention to two Fathers of the Church - Irenaeus and Eznik of Kolb - whose works contain polemics against Marcion.
Postawa chrześcijan Afryki Rzymskiej podczas aresztowania i uwięzienia
Authors: Derdziuk Eugeniusz
Published: November 2020

Der Artikel stutzt sich auf Informationen aus den Afrikanischen Akten und Martyrerpassionen und besteht pitel aus vier Kapiteln.
Szkic chrystologii Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego w świetle onomastyki pierwszej ksiegi "Pedagoga"
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: November 2020

Im ersten Buch des “Padagogen” treffen wir 87 verschiedene Substantiv- und 53 Adjektivbezeichnungen, die auf die Person von Jesus Christus bezogen sind.
Poglądy łacińskich Ojców Kościoła na genezę i istotę pieniądza
Authors: Jundziłł Juliusz
Published: November 2020

In the IV and V c. the Church often organized social life so the theologians of those times were engaged in economy and theory of the coin.
Moc Krzyża świętego. Uwagi z teologii III wieku
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: November 2020

Hoc in brevissimo articulo virtus ac potestas crucis, quae tribus Sacrae Scripturae locis (Hab. 3,3-5; Is. 9,5; Exod. 17,9,11-14) a Cypriano Carthaginensi interpretatis expressae sunt, exponuntur.
Poezja Kraju dwóch rzek i jej wpływ na postawę współczesną
Authors: Kania Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Syria prima post Terram Sanctam Evangelium recepit. Ecclesia, quae hinc celeriter dilatabatur, indutura erat veterem hominem in hominem novum renatosque in baptismo similes Christo efficere.
Papież Damazy jako obrońca czystości wiary (W 1600 rocznicę śmierci)
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

Hac in dissertiuncula ratione 1600 anniversarii Damasi Romae Episcopi mortis praeparata exponitur, quomodo ille papa orthodoxam fidem ab erroribus, praesertim ab haeresi Arianorum necnon Apollinaristarum defendebat.
Chrystologiczna koncentracja w nauce św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu
Authors: Młotek Antoni
Published: November 2020

Wenn man die Schriften des hl. Ambrosius in chronologischer Ordnung untersucht, kann man bemerken, dass er originelle Lehre uber das geistige Leben des Menschen geschaffen hat.
"Blisko ognia"
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: November 2020

Im kurzen Kommentar zu Logion 82 von Thomasevangeillum von Nag Hammadi wird die gnostische Interpretation vom Feuer mit der Interpretation von Origenes Zusammengestellt.
Świecenia diakonisy w Kościele bizantyńskim
Authors: Paprocki Henryk
Published: November 2020

Cet article est consacre a la problematique de l'ordination des diaconesses, surtout sur la base des documentes liturgiques.
Wartość "Septuaginty" w rozumieniu św. Hilarego z Poitiers
Authors: Stanula Emil
Published: November 2020

Analyzing some of St. Hilary’s of Poitiers statements, included in the "Tractatus super Psalmos", we come to the conclusion that the objective value of Septuaginta depends on three things.
La pénitence dans les "Apophtegmes des Pères du Désert"
Authors: Starowieyski Marek
Published: November 2020

BRAK
Narzędzia pracy zawodowej w symbolice męczeństwa
Authors: Stopniak Franciszek
Published: November 2020

Nach einer einfuhrenden Erklarung der Begriffe ist der Autor in seinem Artikel darum bemuht, aut die Evolution des wissenschaftlichen Kommentars betreffs der Erlauterung der Leidensinstrumente und Berufszeichen in der Katakombenmalerei und auf den Grabtafeln aufmerksam zu machen.
"Theos philanthropos" u Maksymosa z Tyru
Authors: Szarmach Marian
Published: November 2020

Der Autor analisiert vier Konzertdeklamationen, die Maximos von Tyros dem Wesen der Gottheit und den Kotakten der Menschen mit der Gottheit gewidmet hat.
Cesarz i faraon. Stosunki Konstancjusza ze św. Atanazym
Authors: Szymusiak Jan Maria
Published: November 2020

Le "pontife" d’Alexandrie, heritier putatif des pontifes de la Rome paienne, s’est vu attribuer par derision ou mechancete le titre de "pharaon".
Arcybiskup Józef Bilczewski jako archeolog chrześcijański (W 60 rocznicę śmierci)
Authors: Urban Wincenty
Published: November 2020

Josephus Bilczewski dioecesis Cracoviensis sacerdos, anno 1884 ordinatus, maxima cum diligentia studiis theologicis praesertim archeologiae christianae additus erat.
Wielkość kapłaństwa według św. Augustyna (Epistola 21)
Authors: Eborowicz Wacław
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Opis świata starożytnego (Orosius, Historia adversum paganos I, 2)
Authors: Obrycki Kazimierz
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Męczeństwo św. Floriana
Authors: Pławecki Antoni
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Przeniesienie relikwii św. Floriana do Polski (Translatio S. Floriani)
Authors: Słomczyńska Anna
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Stanislaus Lubieniecki, Compendium veritatis primaevae, herausgegeben, eingeleitet und erklart von K.E. Jordt Jorgansen, Kebenhawn 1982, Bd. 1-2, Akademisk Forlag, s. 222 + 494.
Authors: Misiurek Jerzy
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Kurt Smolak, Christentum und römische Welt. Auswahl aus der christlichen lateinischen Literatur, Bd 1: Textband, Bd 2: Kommentarband, Wien 1984, Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, s.176 + 192.
Authors: Kaczmarkowski Michał
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Ks. Bp. Prof. dr Wincenty Urban jako patrolog (1911-1983)
Authors: Pławecki Antoni
Published: November 2020

in memoriam
Przegląd czasopism
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

bibliografia
Wczesnochrześcijańskie traktaty o wcieleniu
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

Hac in introductione omnia graeca et latina opera Patrum de incarnatione Verbi scripta enumerantur ac brevissime explicantur.
Początki chrześcijańskiej nauki o wcieleniu w pismach Ojców Apostolskich
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: November 2020

S. Ignazio di Antiochia polemizzando con i doceti giudaizzanti difende energicamente la realta dell'incarnazione sottolineando che Cristo ha assunto una vera e non fittizzia carne umana, e nato veramente dalla Vergine Maria dalla stirpe di Davide, veramente pati sulla croce, veramente e morto e risorto nei tempi di Ponzio Pilato e di Erode. Perfino dopo la sua risurrezione si e comportato hos sarkikos. Ignazio prende come punto di partenza delle le sue riftesioni sull'incarnazione di Cristo la realta delle sue sofferenze e della morte sulla croce negati dalle correnti del pensiero che con difficolta accettavano il Messia sofferente. Vescovo di Antiochia non adopera mai il termine soma per descrivere la vera carne di Cristo, ma sempre sarks intendendo con quest'ultimo la vera natura umana di Cristo. Egli difende quindi anche contro i sudetti doceti giudaizzanti e le speculazioni gnostiche la realta sia della vera natura umana che quella divina in Cristo. Di conseguenza il termine agennetos lo riferisce non alla persona di Dio Padre come sara fatto piu tardi, ma alla natura di Cristo. Il mistero dell'incarnazione Ignazio lo descrive secondo lo schema pneuma-sarks; intendendo con pneuma la natura divina e con sarks la natura umana di Cristo. Infine nel suo testo chiave definisce Cristo perfino come en sarki genomenos theos. E' importante notare che nelle Lettere di Ignazio troviamo l'esempio di una cristologia pneumatica conforme ai dati della rivelazione, quindi „ortodossa".
Teologia wcielenia u apologetów greckich II wieku
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: November 2020

Le analisi sopra condotte ci hanno fatto vedere chiaramente che il II secolo era nonostante tutto un periodo molto fecondo della riflessione cristiana sul mistero dell’incarnazione del Figlio di Dio. Lo schema dominante dell’esposizione di questa tematica, salvo Aristide, e stato quello chiamato comunemente Logos-anthropos completato nel contesto della polemica contro il docetismo eon quello Logos-sarx. In modo esplicito veniva espressa anche la fede nella nascita verginale di Gesu Cristo.
Wcielenie Syna Bożego jako wejście wieczności w czas według św. Ireneusza z Lyonu
Authors: Częsz Bogdan
Published: November 2020

La teologia dell’incarnazione di Ireneo di Lione e essenziale per la cristolgia, escatologia e la teologia della storia. La risposta di Ireneo alla gnosi consiste anzitutto nell'affermazione della realta e storicita del Cristo e dei fatti della sua vita. Ireneo vede l'Incarnazione come un momento preciso della storia. Usando l'espressione biblica „negli ultimi tempi" Ireneo vuole mostrare che gli ultimi tempi sono quelli inaugurati dalla nascita di Cristo e significano in effetti il tempo dell’Incarnazione, non quello della parusia.
Chrystologia gnostyków. Podstawowe problemy
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: November 2020

Die gnostische Christołogie in den Handbuchern der patristischen Theologie wird am haufigsten mit dem Doketismus dargestelit. Eine Anzahl von Nag Hammadi-Texten weist wirklich eine mehr oder weniger starke doketistische Tendenz auf.
Pierwsza łacińska terminologia teologii wcielenia u Tertuliana
Authors: Strękowski Stanisław
Published: November 2020

La ricerca dei termini teologici, i quali sono stati adoperati da Tertulliano per descrivere il mistero dell’Incarnazione, comprende tutti i testi che sono stati frutti della polemica dell’Apologista con tutti coloro che rientrarono nell’area della teologia eterodossa cristiana del II secolo.
Atanazjańska terminologia teologii wcielenia
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

Hac in dissertatiuncula nonnulla selecta verba, substantiva ac expressiones in doctrina S. Athanasii de incarnatione adhibita exponuntur.
Wcielenie w teologii Marcelego z Ancyry
Authors: Słomka Jan
Published: November 2020

Marcellus perceives the incarnation of Jesus as the moment when not only does the Logos assume a human body, but a change also occurs in God himself. The change consists in the expansion of a monad into a triad. It is the second transformation already. The first one took place at the beginning of creation. It was then that the Logos passed from the State of being „in God" to being „with God". Marcellus underlines that neither the first nor the latter can be defined as generation. The term „generation refers only to Jesus' birth from Mary. The changes undergone by God, first at creation, then at the incarnation, are not of permanent nature. On the contrary, they are temporary and reversible. Upon completing the history of the world, God will return to the monadic State. The incarnation will also come to an end. Marcellus presents the incarnation as temporary and „external" in relation to the Logos. When the „carnal economy" is completed, the Logos is to return to His original State of resting „in God".
Fenomen tajemnicy wcielenia w pismach dogmatycznych św. Ambrożego
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: November 2020

Der Artikel stellt einige Aspekte der dogmatischen Lehren des hi. Ambrosius von der Menschwerdung dar. Vor aiiem legt Bischof von Maiiand groBes Gewicht auf die Tatsache der Menschwerdung des Sohnes Gottes. Nur zweite Person der Trinitat hat den Leib angenommenkein Vater, sondern Sohn Gottes. Hi. Ambrosius betont auch, dass Christus wahrer eingeborener Gottes Sohn und wahrer Sohn der Jungfrau Maria ist. Er spricht aiso von wahrer Gottheit und von wahre Menschheit Christi. Die Lehre von der personaien Einheit Christi mit der scharfen Trennung zwischen seiner Gottheit und Menschheit gehórt zu seinen wichtigsten Erreichungen. Hi. Ambrosius ist darum einer von den Voriaufern der Inkarnationsiehre des Konziis von Ephesus (431) und Chaicedon (451).
Kerygmatyczny wymiar nauczania o wcieleniu u Grzegorza z Nazjanzu
Authors: Widok Norbert
Published: November 2020

Quia Constantinopoli multi Arii et praesertim Apollinarii sectatores versabantur, Gregorius Nazianzenus tamquam episcopus iilius urbis veram doctrinam de Incarnatione exponere christianis ob retigiosas disputationes confusis voiuit.
Wcielenie Słowa Bożego w teologii Apolinarego z Laodycei na tle kontrowersji ariańskiej
Authors: Pietras Henryk
Published: November 2020

Apollinare si e opposto alla teologia ariana richiamando i principi di cristoiogia, cercando una nuova soluzione del problema creatosi con la teologia nota sotto il nome di Paolo di Samossata. Questi, infatti, accentuando l'umanita di Cristo e giunto alla negazione della sua reale esistenza in quanto Figlio di Dio prima dell'incarnazione.
„Incarnatio Christi" w pismach świętego Augustyna: istota i cel
Authors: Eckmann Augustyn
Published: November 2020

L'autore dell’articolo spiega che la distanza tra Dio e l'uomo e stata colmata attraverso l'incarnazione del Figlio di Dio. Grazie all’incarnazione e stata creata per l'uomo la via alla conoscenza dell’essenza divina. Attraverso le opere miracolose di Cristo e stato eliminato il contrasto morale tra Dio e l'uomo.
Zbawcze znaczenie wcielenia u Teodora z Mopsuestii
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: November 2020

Nella cristologia Teodoro di Mopsuestia rappresenta la tradizione antiochena. La sua riflessione non e priva di difficolta interpretative ma egli non ha mai trascurato la preoccupazione per la retta fede. In tutta la sua predicazione tiene presente la polemica contro Eunomio e Apollinare.
Antynestoriańska teologia wcielenia Cyryla Aleksandryjskiego
Authors: Drączkowski Franciszek
Published: November 2020

In seinem Kampf gegen die nestorianischen Irrtumer verwarf Kyrill von Alexandria alle Bezeichnungen, die den inneren und wesenhaften Charakter der Vereinigung beider Naturen in der einen Person des Logos nur unzureichend prazisierten. Nestorius, der die Verschiedenheit beider Naturen nach der Menschwerdung betonte, verstand diese Verschiedenheit ais Trennung beider Naturen, was im Grunde genommen zur Annahme zweier getrennter Tragersubjekte in Christus fuhrte.
Tajemnica wcielenia w galijskiej literaturze V wieku na przykładzie Jana Kasjana
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: November 2020

Nel suo scritto Giovanni Cassiano esamina i piu scuotanti tesi di Nestorio: negazione della divinita al Cristo e negazione del titolo theotokos alla sua Madre. Con gli argomenti presi dalia Sacra Scrittura e dal credo di Antiochia l'autore del trattato cerca di dimostrare la piena divinita di Cristo.
Natura i sens tajemnicy wcielenia Chrystusa oraz jej wpływ na życie moralno-duchowe człowieka w świetle korespondencji św. Paulina z Noli
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

W opracowaniu
Tajemnica wcielenia w mowach św. Piotra Chryzologa
Authors: Kochaniewicz Bogusław
Published: November 2020

Il mistero dell’incarnazione presentato nei sermoni di Pietro Crisologo, vescovo di Ravenna (380-450), occupa un posto importante, intorno al quale si svolge la riflessione teologica del Dottore della Chiesa. Tale mistero mette in rilievo il Verbo di Dio, generato dal Padre, consostanziale a Lui, che per la nostra salvezza assume la nostra natura umana nel grembo verginale di Maria.
Tajemnica wcielenia w nauczaniu Leona Wielkiego
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: November 2020

Lo studio ha di mira segnalare i tratti principali di cristologia di s. Leone Magno, maturata nel contesto di due tradizioni teologiche: alessandrina e quella antiochena. Muovendosi nel solco di una precisa terminologia teologica di Agostino, Leone delinea una visione di cristologia „integrale" che parte dallo schema di tre elementi: natura divina, natura umana e l'unione in persona del Verbo.
Tajemnica wcielenia w ujęciu Maksyma Wyznawcy i Jana Damasceńskiego
Authors: Staniek Edward
Published: November 2020

La chiave per capire l'insegnamento di Massimo Confessore sull'Incarnazione e il suo pensiero sulla sintesi. Ci sono due elementi essenziali di sintesi: il primo – nella sintesi non esiste il mescolare, nella sintesi tutti gli elementi trovano la loro pienezza; il secondo - nella sintesi e possibile l'impossibile, ce il posto per paradosso. Cristo e la sintesi di tutte le sintesi.
Tajemnica wcielenia w komentarzach patrystycznych do „Składu Apostolskiego”
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: November 2020

L'articolo esamina il mistero dell'incarnazione nei testi dei Padri che commentano espressamente soltanto tutto il Simbolo Apostolico. Tralascia, perció, quelle opere patristiche che espongono la fede come tale, o spiegano solamente alcune verita di essa.
„Wcielenie Słowa – przebóstwienie człowieczeństwa”. Elementy patrystycznej teologii przebóstwienia
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: November 2020

La dottrina della divinizzazione del cristiano rappresenta il vertice delle aspirazioni dell’uomo, il segno piu alto della sua nobilta. Questa dottrina dimostra che l'uomo e chiamato a partecipare alla natura stessa di Dio, ad essere figlio di Dio non in senso metaforico, ma reale, e quindi ad essere partecipe di ció che e proprio di Dio, della sua vita e della sua felicita eterna.
Chrystologiczny dogmat Chalcedonu we współczesnej teologii pastoralnej
Authors: Marczewski Marek
Published: November 2020

Eines der wichtigsten Probleme in der Pastoraltheologie bildet die Herausarbeitung eines formalen Prinzips, welches fur die Pastoraltheologie ais methodologisch besonderes Wissenschaftsgebiet von konstruktiver Bedeutung ware.
Ikonografia wcielenia w sztuce wczesnoromańskiej i romańskiej na wybranych przykładach scen Bożego narodzenia
Authors: Mazurczak Urszula
Published: November 2020

In the art the Theme of Incarnation was illustrated in a rich scene repertiore creating its prototypes at the early Romanesque and Romanesque period. It was also the time of dynamically forming motifs in the art that defined the Gothic art and to a high degree modern one. In the fine arts such a model of Incarnation was made by Nativity scene.
Agonistyka jako topos w pismach Tertuliana
Authors: Gacia Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

Il motivo degli agoni e presente da Tertulliano particolarmente nel contesto del tema di persecuzione e di martirio. Spesso si tratta della parafrasi dei testi biblici, nei quali tali motivi sono gia presenti.
Czy cesarz Konstantyn Wielki zabiegał o kompromis z donatystami?
Authors: Bralewski Sławomir
Published: November 2020

Constantin, au cours du conflit entre Cecilien, l'eveque de Carthage, et les donatistes est toujours reste trees critique envers ces derniers. Il a pris parti pour l'eveque et ses allies de 313 jusqu'a la fin de son regne.
Męczennicy Kościoła donatystów
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: November 2020

Die Donatisten gingen aus der Verfolgung in der Zeit Diokletians ais Kirche der Martyrer. Als sie in der Zeit des Konstantins und der Nachfolger weiter verfolgt wurden, blieben die innerkirchlichen Unionsbestregungen erfolglos. Die donatistische Theologen haben sich auf die afrikanische Tradition von Tertullian und Cyprian berufen, auch wenn es um die Taufe und die Kirchenzugehórigkeit einging. Die theologische Abwertung des Martyrium in der donatistische Kirche Snden wir in beruhmten Satz des Augustinus: „martyrem non facit poena sed causa". Augustinus hat damit auch den Prinzip der afrikanischen Theologie angenommen: „extra ecclesiam nulla salus sc. Nullum martyrium" entsprechend „causa mała" non fecit martyrem.
Uwagi o heksametrze Paulina z Noli na przykładzie „Laus Sancti Ioannis" (Carm. VI)
Authors: Pokrywka Władysław
Published: November 2020

Paulinus Nolanus, qui ineunte saeculo quinto Nolae urbis episcopi munus explebat, veterum poetarum exempla imitabatur, maxime vero illi Vergihi poemata placebant. Curabat igitur Paulinus, ut dactyli et spondei apte in versibus ponerentur, caesuram semiquinariam ut primam, caesuram autem semiseptenariam ut secundam libenter usurpabat.
Aspekty wychowawcze w pismach filozoficznych Platona i autorów chrześcijańskich IV wieku (św. Augustyn, św. Hieronim)
Authors: Swoboda Antoni
Published: November 2020

Il presente studio ci fa convincere che per i Padri della Chiesa in confronto di Platone l'educazione dei bambini e della gioventu costituiva il primario dovere dei genitori. Platone prima di tutto attribuiva questo ruolo allo stato. Il processo educativo il quale esige le capacita del modo psicologico del trattare dell'uomo dovrebbe riguardare tutti e svolgersi all’altissimo livello. Perció e molto importante la scelta dei adeguati educatori e dei maestri ed anche la necessita dell’interessamento del bambino da parte dei genitori. La mancanza di questo riflette negativamente sulla psicologia del bambino causando un negativo adattamento alla vita nella societa umana.
L’insegnamento monastico geronimiano (continuazione)
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: November 2020

Artykuł jest dokończeniem pierwszej części, która została wydana w VoxP 17 (1997) 199-214. Ukazuje on naukę ascetyczną św. Hieronima na podstawie jego dzieł skierowanych wyraźnie do mnichów. Wykorzystane w nim zostały wszystkie pisma Hieronimowe, wśród których na pierwsze miejsce wysuwają się listy. Obszerne urywki Hieronimowych dzieł monastycznych chcą przybliżyć myśl samego Autora, pozwalając mu przemawiać bezpośrednio do czytelnika, nie zaciemniając w ten sposób głębokiego przesłania Ojca Kościoła poprzez nadmierny, niekiedy zbyteczny komentarz.
Pisma Szenutego z Atripe jako źródło historyczne do poznania struktury organizacyjnej wspólnot cenobitycznych
Authors: Szmurło Roman
Published: November 2020

L'educazione dei giovani e dei bambini nel Monastero Bianco e un fenomeno prima mai confermato nelle fonti antiche. Le comunita di Atripe furono Funico centro dełło sviluppo intelettuale e formazione spirituale dei bambini alcuni dei quali iniziavano la vita monastica. Le analisi delle fonti shenutiane ci permettono di conoscere meglio i fondamenti e lo sviluppo del cenobitismo della tradizione pacomiana, continuato e modificato da Shenute d'Atripe.
Nieznane źródła „Historii kościelnej" Ewagriusza Scholastyka (HE III 30)
Authors: Ginter Kazimierz
Published: November 2020

Evagrius Scholasticus, the author of Historia Ecclesiastica, written at the end of the sixth century, is unanimously regarded by scholars as a person - in proportion to his times - of broad horizons and objectivity. He is without any doubt an unusual writer. A good example of his originality is his description of the rule emperor Anastasius. Evagrius describes him very warmly, although the emperor was regarded as a partisan of the monophysites. Yet Evagrius, without any doubt a Chalcedonian writer, places Anastasius in heaven after his death; Justinian, on the other hand, is placed in hell.
Il delitto dell’aborto procurato nella chiesa delle origini
Authors: Chrapkowski Arnold
Published: November 2020

Artykuł obejmuje okres od najstarszych dokumentów chrześcijańskich do początku średniowiecza, czyli od Ojców Apostolskich, poprzez nauczanie najbardziej znaczących pisarzy starochrześcijańskich, oficjalne wypowiedzi synodów aż do momentu wprowadzenia Ksiąg Penitencjalnych. W czasach Ojców Kościoła osąd moralny aborcji był zawsze negatywny. Pomimo wątpliwości co do momentu animacji płodu, oficjalna nauka Kościoła na temat aborcji pozostawała zawsze niezmienna, a samo przestępstwo było najsurowiej karane, o czym świadczą uchwały najstarszych synodów i surowe pokuty wyznaczane przez Księgi Penitencjalne.
Sprawiedliwość a władca w pismach filozoficznych Seneki
Authors: Budzanowska Dominika
Published: November 2020

Justice is one of the most important features in the government of the State. The Roman philosopher and politician Seneca wrote much about it. Seneca wanted the sovereigns to be philosophers as it was in the old days, the golden age. Good laws were always created by wise men like Solon or Licurg. It is the love of virtue that forms righteous men and helps them to deal with changing fortune. Pride and terror do not assure the power of the rulers in the future. Many bad sovereigns like Dionysius of the Syracuse, Alexander the Great, Pompey or Caesar, who brought many disasters on people, had themselves experienced the fatal results of power. Somebody's ill luck will never bring happiness to anyone.
Powtórne wykorzystywanie świątyń pogańskich w późnej starożytności (na przykładzie prowincji wschodnich)
Authors: Milewski Ireneusz
Published: November 2020

In diesem Beitrag wurde die Weiterverwendung der heidnischen Tempei in der Spatantike in den ostlichen Provinzen des Rómischen Reiches dargestellt. Die ersten gesetziichen Massnahmen gegen Tempei wurden durch Konstantin dem GroBen ausgegeben. Dann began auch die Zerstórung der heidnischen Heiiigtiimer. Kaiser Konstantin tibte jedoch im Vergieich mit seinen Nachfoigem eine gewisse Zuriickhaitung in seiner Poiitik gegen das Heidentum.
Pseudo-Marek Ewangelista, Apokryficzny Żywot św. Jana Chrzciciela (CAp 181; BHG 834)
Authors: Zarzeczny Rafał
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Testament Pana naszego Jezusa Chrystusa w Galilei (Testamentum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi in Galilea)
Authors: Zarzeczny Rafał
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Szenute Archimandryta z Atripe, Testament (Sinuthii Archimandritae Testamentum)
Authors: Szmurło Roman
Published: November 2020

tłumaczenie
Peter Schäfer, Judeophobia. Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge - London 1997, Harvard University Press, s. XII+306
Authors: Bejda Wojciech
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Ks. Mariusz Szram, Orygenes o kapłaństwie. Antologia tekstów, Hosianum, Olsztyn 1998, ss. 84.
Authors: Czalej Sławomir
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Bazyli Degórski OSPPE, Przekaz łacińskich rękopisów „Vita Sancti Pauli primi eremitae” św. Hieronima, Lublin 2000, Międzywydziałowy Zakład Badań nad Antykiem Chrześcijańskim KUL, ss. 450.
Authors: Mirri Luciana Maria
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Miriam S. Taylor, Anti-Judaism and Early Christian Identity. A Critique of the Scholary Consensus, Studia Post-Bibiica 46, Leiden - New York – Köln 1995, E. J. Brill, ss. 208
Authors: Bejda Wojciech
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Jeffrey Paul Lyon, Syriac Gospel Translations: A Comparison of the Language and Diatessaron Method used in the Old Syriac, the Diatessaron and the Peshitto, CSCO 548, Subsidia 88, Louvain 1994, ss. 235
Authors: Woźniak Jerzy
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Athanasius Schneider, „Propter sanctam ecclesiam suam”. Die Kirche als Geschöpf, Frau und Bau im Bussunterricht des „Pastor” Hermae, Studia Ephemeridis „Augustinianum" 67, Roma 1999, Institutum Patristicum Augustinianum, ss. 590
Authors: Szulc Franciszek
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Robert Godding, Bibliografia di Gregorio Magno (1890-1989). Opere di Gregorio Magno. Complementi 1, Roma 1990, Città Nuova Editrice, ss. X + 350.
Authors: Dybski Henryk
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Ks. Franciszek Drączkowski, ABC pisania pracy magisterskiej [z patrologii], Pelplin 2000, Bernardinum, ss. 78
Authors: Marczewski Marek
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Ambrozjaster, Komentarz do Listu św. Pawła do Rzymian, tłum. Jan Sułowski, red. J. Żelazny, rewizja przekładu L. Biełas, S. Kalinkowski, J. Krykowski, H. Pietras, J. Woch, R. Zarzeczny, ŹMT 19, Kraków 2000, Wydawnictwo WAM, ss. 198
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Claudio Moreschini, Filosofia e letteratura in Gregorio di Nazianzo, Milano 1997, Vita e Pensiero, ss. 322
Authors: Widok Norbert
Published: November 2020

recenzja
Polska bibliografia antyku chrześcijańskiego 2000
Authors: Naumowicz Józef , Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

bibliografia
Bibliografia o św. Mikołaju z Myry
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

bibliografia
Patrystyka w czasopismach 2000 roku
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: November 2020

bibliografia
Wykaz prac dyplomowych z antyku chrześcijańskiego ukończonych w niektórych polskich ośrodkach naukowych w 2000 roku
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: November 2020

bibliografia
Ksiądz Wojciech Kania (1911-2000)
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: November 2020

in memoriam
Karl Polanyi, the New Deal and the Green New Deal
Authors: Dale Gareth
Published: November 2020

In this paper, I present an analysis of those aspects of Karl Polanyi's social and political thought that relate to environmentalism and ‘green’ politics today. I discuss whether or not he prefigured the degrowth movement, before focusing on his understanding of the New Deal (1933–1939). At the time of writing, the prospect appears likely of a return, at a global scale, of economic slump, mass unemployment and ecological crisis, the background conditions to which Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was responding on the national scale. The paper concludes by drawing lessons from this comparison for possible Green New Deals.
Extra Axial Chordoma of the Distal Femoral Metaphysis: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Long , Vasko Irene , Zhu Gord G. , Germaine Pauline
Published: November 2020

Background Chordomas are malignant bone tumors that are derived from remnant embryonic tissue of the notochord and are typically found in the axial midline. When they are found outside of the axial skeleton, the diagnosis can be challenging and elusive. Often, they are overlooked on initial presentation in lieu of other more common lesions, including cartilage tumors (eg, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, osteochondromatosis) due to their overlapping features. Case Report A 30-year-old female with a four-year history of intermittent left knee pain presented for initial evaluation. Physical exam of the knee was unremarkable except for moderate tenderness on palpation. Radiographs showed a lucent lesion with peripheral sclerosis, eccentrically located within the anteromedial femoral diaphysis. The patient was subsequently lost to follow-up. She presented again two years later with similar symptoms. Her physical exam remained unchanged, and repeat radiographs showed interval growth. She underwent open biopsy of the left distal femur, with pathology revealing tumor consisting predominantly of epithelioid cells set in an abundant myxoid matrix. Immunohistology showed cells that stained strongly for EMA, CK19, and brachyury. These findings support the diagnosis of extra-axial chordoma. Discussion Extra-axial chordomas remain a challenging diagnosis for clinicians due to their extreme rarity and overlapping features with other more common lesions. They are often misdiagnosed as extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas or myoepitheliomas. Our patient’s insidious presentation and radiologic findings present a learning opportunity for clinicians to recognize extra-axial chordomas as a potential early diagnosis in someone presenting with a long history of intermittent and worsening knee pain.
Free flap harvest from the infraumbilical region for head and neck reconstruction purposes: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Bettini Giordana , Saia Giorgia , Franco Piero , Valsecchi Stefano , Tognin Laura , Alexandre Enrico , Bedogni Alberto
Published: November 2020

The abdominal wall has showed many advantages as a donor site in head and neck reconstruction given its constant pattern of dominant perforators. Currently, standard design of the skin component of composite soft-tissue flaps recommended for head and neck reconstruction encompasses the lower and upper periumbilical region thus increasing the overall vascularization of the flap. We report on the safety of the harvest of abdominal soft-tissue free flaps from the infraumbilical region.

A retrospective charts review was performed. Consecutive subjects who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of composite defects of the Head & Neck with infraumbilical free flaps between January 2008-January 2020 were enrolled.

After surgery, patients were followed up at three-month intervals to evaluate the incidence of complications and the long-term outcome at the donor site.

25 patients underwent reconstruction with free flaps harvested from the lower abdomen. A total of 35 abdominal flaps (20 VRAM, 15 DIEAP) were performed; ten patients underwent bilateral flap harvest and abdominoplasty was performed to achieve direct closure. 

Marginal abdominal skin necrosis occurred in 3 patients postoperatively. Abdominal bulge occurred in one case; neither hernia nor abdominal wall weakness were not encountered at a median follow-up of 12 months (IQR 6; 27).  

The results of the study confirm that the infraumbilical region is a safe donor area of free flaps for head and neck reconstruction that preserves abdominal wall firmness and improves ultimate functional and aesthetic outcomes at the donor site.
Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential After Aluminum Toxicity in PC-12 Cell Line
Authors:   Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Rashedinia Marzieh , Saberzadeh Jamileh ,   Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Khodaei Forouzan ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Mashayekhi Sardoei Najmeh ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Alimohammadi Mahshid ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Arabsolghar Rita ,   Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Sodium benzoate, a food preservative, prevents the growth of fungi and bacteria. Numerous studies have reported the protective effects of sodium benzoate on the nervous system. This study investigated the effect of sodium benzoate on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function in an aluminum cell toxicity model. Methods: After 48 hr of treating PC-12 cells with varying concentrations of sodium benzoate (0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml) in the presence of aluminum maltolate (500 μM), the cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The type of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) was analyzed by flow cytometry (7-ADD/An V-PE staining). Also, rhodamine 123 was used to measure the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP). The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was assessed by Ellman’s method. Results: It was observed that sodium benzoate inhibited aluminum induced cell death within 48hr. Sodium benzoate at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml significantly reduced the apoptotic cells that had been exposed to aluminum. Exposure of PC-12 cells with sodium benzoate and aluminum, increased the AChE activity, although, no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed.  Conclusion: Sodium benzoate may provide its protective effects through increased AChE activity and inhibiting apoptosis induced by aluminum toxicity. It is likely that the disruption of MMP is neither involved in the induction of apoptosis by aluminum nor in the protective effect of sodium benzoate.