bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children of local farmers in central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Background: Child undernutrition is a public health problem in Malawi. In 2015, about 23% of child mortality was linked to the phenomenon. Child undernutrition is more prevalent in rural areas and there is limited data to inform rural-specific programs. The aims of this study are to examine the prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among 0-59 months-old children in rural central Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 538 child/mother dyads were systematically selected from postnatal clinics. Anthropometric assessment techniques and socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. Child Z-scores for anthropometric data were calculated using World Health Organization’s (WHO) anthro v3.2.2. Logistic regressions were used to determine correlates of undernutrition. Results: The rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, household limited access to safe water, and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) were risk factors of child stunting (OR=1.72, CI: 1.13-2.61) and (OR=1.505, CI: 1.001-2.261) respectively. Child deworming, born at a low weight, and household food insecurity were some of risk factors of child underweight (OR= 2.14, CI: 1.18-3.89), (OR= 2.41, CI: 1.23-4.71), and (OR= 1.89, CI: 1.01-3.51) respectively. Households that were near domestic water supply had low risk of registering wasted children than households that were far from water supply (OR= 0.18, CI: 0.41-0.79). Conclusions: Only the prevalence of child stunting is greater in central Malawi compared to national level. This study suggest that programs that can promote access to potable water, food security, child deworming, improving child birth weight, and reduction of IPV against mothers can reduce the risk of child undernutrition. Keywords: Undernutrition, Risk factors, Child health, Central Malawi
3D visualization and volume based quantification of rice chalkiness in vivo by using high resolution micro-CT
Authors: Su Yi , Xiao Langtao
Published: January 2020

Background: Rice quality research attracts attention worldwide. Rice chalkiness is one of the key indexes determining rice kernel quality. The traditional rice chalkiness measurement methods are mainly based on naked-eye observation or two-dimensional (2D) image analysis and the results could not represent the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of chalkiness in the rice kernel. These methods are neither in vivo thus are unable to provide technical support for high throughput screening of rice chalkiness phenotype. Results: Here, we introduced a novel method for 3D visualization and accurate volume-based quantification of rice chalkiness in vivo by using X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). This approach not only develops a novel method to measure the rice chalkiness index, but also provides a high throughput solution for rice chalkiness phenotype analysis. Conclusions: Our method could be a new powerful tool for rice chalkiness measurement, which would greatly help the research of rice chalkiness traits as well as the quality evaluation in rice production practice.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea among the Lebanese general population: Prevalence, associated factors and knowledge
Authors: Choucair Aurélie , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Dagher Elissar
Published: January 2020

Background : To date, there has been no large population-based study associated with public awareness in Lebanon about sleep apnea. Our study investigated the prevalence of, associated factors and knowledge of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) among a representative sample of Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted between June and August 2019, enrolled 472 people aged above 18 years. A proportionate random sample from all Lebanese Mohafazat was applied. Results: The study results showed that a higher number of cigarettes per day, having diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, hypertension and arrhythmia were associated with higher daytime sleepiness. Participants living in the North had less daytime sleepiness, whereas those living in Beqaa had higher daytime sleepiness compared to those living in Beirut. Concerning knowledge, having heard about sleep apnea and having a university level of education were associated with a higher score, whereas having cerebrovascular accidents was associated with lower knowledge scores. Conclusion Complications of OSA are still poorly known, as are certain suggestive symptoms. Given the local relevance of OSA, ongoing health campaigns and innovative educational programs should be assigned to target the general community.
A Predicative Patient Specific Model for Human Albumin Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Lei Cheng , Wang Yu , Zhao Jia , Li Kexun , Jiang Hua , Wang Qi
Published: January 2020

Background For a critically ill patient, an accurate predictive tool for biochemical markers based on the patient prior clinical data can aide physicians to design better patient-specific treatment plans. In this study, we develop a since dynamical system model based on neural networks capable of predicting concentrations of biochemical markers, including albumin, of a critically ill patient, in real-time. Methods The metabolic process of a patient follows a patient-specific dynamical system which can be uncovered with certain accuracy from sufficient prior data taken from the patient. For a given set of patient’s biochemical markers, the dynamical system represented by deep neural networks is discovered from the prior data via deep learning methods. Results One critically ill, poly-trauma patient (injury severity score = 34 points) was enrolled in the study. Six biochemical markers (albumin (ALB), creatinine (Cr), osmotic pressure (OSM), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB)) were collected and exogenous albumin injection was administered to the patient for the total of 27 consecutive days during the study. A sliding window of data in 10 consecutive days was used as the training set and the 11th day's data as the test set to train and test the parameters in the neural network. The obtained dynamical system model is then used to forecast the chemical markers in the next 24 hours. The results are compared with the true clinical data with a relative error consistently less than 2%. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a dynamic system model can be established to monitor and predict concentrations of biochemical markers, including albumin, via neural networks and deep learning methods. This data-driven patient-specific modeling approach is applicable to any patient. Trial registration Metabolomics Dynamics Study for Severe Patient, Registered:17June,2014, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164786?term=NCT02164786&draw=2&rank=1
Clinical and radiological results after Internal Brace ® suture versus the all-inside reconstruction technique in anterior cruciate ligament tears 12 to 18 months after index surgery.
Authors: Mattiassich Georg , Ortmaier Reinhold , Kindermann Harald , Barthofer Jürgen , Vasvary Imre , Kulnik Stefan Tino , Katzensteiner Klaus , Leister Iris
Published: January 2020

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can lead to reduced function, meniscal lesions, and early joint degeneration. Preservation of a torn ACL using the Internal Brace® technique might re-establish normal knee kinematics, avoid donor-site morbidity due to tendon harvesting, and potentially maintain proprioception of the knee. Methods Fifty subjects were recruited for this study between December 2015 and October 2016. Two groups of individuals who sustained unilateral ACL rupture were included: those who underwent surgery with preservation of the injured ACL (Internal Brace® technique; IB) and those who underwent ACL reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft (all-inside technique; AI). Subjective self-administered scores were used: the German Version of the IKDC Subjective Knee Form (International Knee Documentation Committee), the German Version of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), SF-36 (short form), the German Version of the KOOS (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), and the German Version of the modified Lysholm-score by Lysholm and Gillquist. Anterior tibial translation was assessed using the KT-1000 arthrometer® (KT-1000 Knee Ligament Arthrometer, MEDmetric Corp., San Diego, CA, USA). Magnetic resonance evaluation was performed in all cases. Results Twenty-three subjects (46%) were men, and the mean age was 34.7 years. The objective IKDC scores were “normal” in 15 and 14 patients, “nearly normal” in 11 and 7 patients, and “abnormal” in 1 and 2 patients, in the IB and AI groups, respectively. KT-1000 assessment showed a side-to-side difference of more than 3 mm on maximum manual testing in 11 (44%) and 6 subjects (28.6%) in the IB and AI groups, respectively. In the postoperative MRI, 20 (74%) and 22 subjects (96%) in the IB and AI groups showed an intact ACL. Anterior tibial translation was significantly higher in the IB group compared to the AI group in the manual maximum test. Conclusions Preservation of the native ACL with the Internal Brace ® primary repair technique can achieve comparable results to ACL reconstruction using Hamstring autografts over a short term. Clinically relevant limitations such as a higher incidence of pathologic laxity, with patients more prone to pivot shift phenomenon were observed during the study period.
The Influence of Assisted Fixation on Pain Relief for Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures in Children
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Wenqi , Chen Yiyuan , Zhou Yan , Liang Jiaxin , Xiao Xiaoyue , Tang Xin
Published: January 2020

Background : Subtrochanteric femur fractures of children usually recover slower than the intertrochanteric femur fracture and tends to increas the rate of deformity. The difference among treatment options in postoperative pain level should be considered as a crucial factor while tailoring patients’ therapeutic schedules, but has not been paid enough attention to. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the postoperative pain level of hip spica casting, abduction brace and skin traction as assisted fixation to operative interventions. Methods Forty-seven children with subtrochanteric femur fractures on one side were admitted and divided into three groups according to the different assisted fixation they received. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, follow-up time, postoperative fixation time, days in hospital, time to union, Harris scores, CHEOPS scores (before treatment, after treatment and at the last follow-up time) and VAS scores (before treatment, after treatment and at the last follow-up time) were collected. Results No significant difference of demographic characteristics data was found between the three groups before treatment(P > 0.05). After treatment and at the last follow-up time, the CHEOPS scores and the VAS scores of the three groups were all significantly lower than before(P > 0.05). But there is still no difference between the three groups(P > 0.05). Conclusion Hip spica casting, skin traction and abduction brace have the same ability to relieve the pain of subtrochanteric femur fractures in children.
Comparison between oblique lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Xu chaojun , HAO Yingjie , YU Lei , ZHU Guangduo , REN Zhinan , CAI Yingchun , PENG Cheng , ZHANG Panke , ZHU Jian , CAO Shuyan
Published: January 2020

Backgroud Few studies compared radiographic and clinical outcomes between oblique lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the case data of 40 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis in our hospital from July 2016 to October 2018. Among which,19 cases underwent oblique lumbar Interbody fusion(OLIF group) and 21 cases underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF group). The duration of the operation, volume of intraoperative hemorrhage, incision length, bed rest time, length of hospital stay, and complications were recorded for all patients. The clinical effects of 40 patients were evaluated by VAS for back pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and The radiographic parameters were evaluated using the lumbar scoliosis Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis(SVA), coronal vertical axis(CVA), lumbar lordosis(LL), pelvic tilt(PT), sacral slope(SS), and Disc height(DH). Results The duration of the operation, the volume of intraoperative hemorrhage, incision length, bed rest time, length of hospital stay of the OLIF group were shorter than the PLIF group( P ＜ 0.05 ). The VAS scores for back pain, the ODI of the two groups were significantly decreased, which compared with the preoperative( P ＜ 0.05 )，which in OLIF group was significantly more decreased than in PLIF( P ＜ 0.05 ) at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively, but at the last follow-up there were no significant difference between the two groups( P ＞ 0.05 ); The lumbar scoliosis Cobb angle, SVA, CVA, PT, LL, SS were significantly improved postoperatively( P ＜ 0.05 ). The OLIF group showed higher DH, smaller Cobb angle, and greater LL than the PLIF group at any time point( P ＜ 0.05 ). but there were no significant difference in SVA, CVA, PT and SS between the two groups at any follow-up points( P ＞ 0.05 ). The overall complication rate was slightly higher in the PLIF group（47.62%）than in the OLIF group（26.32%）without significant difference(x 2 =1.931, P =0.165). But the incidence of major complications in the PLIF group was significantly higher than that in the OLIF group (Fisher, P =0.026). Conclusion OLIF provides an alternative minimally invasive treatment for DLS, which compared with PLIF. It has the characteristics of a small incision, rapid recovery, fewer complications related to the surgical approach, and satisfactory orthopedics. Keywords : Minimally invasive, Oblique lumbar interbody fusion, Degenerative adult lumbar scoliosis , Posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Maternal and perinatal Outcome with Vaginal Birth After Cesarean in Hebei Province of china: a cross-sectional study
Authors: wang xiaoxiao , Zhang YingKui , Jia Lu , Yang Yue , Wang Li
Published: January 2020

Background In recent decades, cesarean section rate have increased significantly in China. The delivery mode of women with a previous cesarean delivery remains contentious. We conducted a study to analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome of vaginal birth after cesarean or repeat cesarean delivery, in a period the one-child policy convert to the universal two-child policy.Methods We used the data from Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System of Hebei province between 2013 and 2017. In the analysis, we included women with singleton deliveries between 28 and 42 gestation weeks who had a single prior cesarean delivery. We used logistic regression with a robust variance estimator to examine trends in vaginal birth after cesarean. We also assessed the association between vaginal birth after cesarean and maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes.Results 53,769 women with a previous caesarean section deliveries were included from 274,665 of total participants. There were 3,415 (6.4%) women delivered by vaginal birth after cesarean and 50,354 (93.6%) by repeat cesarean delivery. Between 2013 and 2016, the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean showed a upward trend, from 6.2% to 7.0%. But in 2017, it had declined to 5.2%. Compared to women with repeat cesarean delivery, women with vaginal birth after cesarean have lower absolute rates of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, especially significantly in incidence of blood transfusion, but have higher incidence of intrapartum stillbirth, newborns with low 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 and neonatal death.Conclusions Most of maternal adverse outcomes risk of vaginal birth after cesarean was not higher than repeat cesarean delivery, but the risk of perinatal adverse outcomes has increased in vaginal birth after cesarean.
Pregnancy Outcomes of Patients with Low Serum β-hCG Level 14 Days After Fresh Embryo Transfer
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Liu Haiying
Published: January 2020

Background: Although previous studies had successfully illustrated different pregnancy outcomes by different serum β-hCG levels after embryo transfer, prognosis of pregnancy outcomes remains elusive when the serum β-hCG level is extremely low (e.g., < 100 mIU/ml 14 days after embryo transfer). Therefore, the purpose of our study is to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of patients with low serum β-hCG level 14 days after day 3 embryo transfer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed with 723 patients with a serum β-hCG level between 5 and 100 mIU/ml 14 days after day 3 fresh embryo transfer. Pregnancy outcomes (ongoing pregnancy, early miscarriage, biochemical pregnancy loss, and ectopic pregnancy) were analyzed according to the female patients’ age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to indicate the threshold for prediction of clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated according the ROC curves as well. Results: Of the 723 patients with serum β-hCG level <100 mIU/mL 14 days after day 3 embryo transfer, 85.6% (619) had biochemical pregnancy, and only 14.4% (104) had clinical pregnancy (including 4.7% with ongoing pregnancy, 3.7% with ectopic pregnancy, and 5.9% with early miscarriage). The rate of ongoing pregnancy was significantly lower in ≥ 38-year group compared with < 38-year group (1.3% vs. 5.6%, P =0.029). The serum β-hCG level to predict clinical pregnancy was 44.7 mIU/ml (sensitivity, 91.3%; specificity, 82.1%; area under the ROC curve (AUROC), 0.908). For ongoing pregnancy, the serum β-hCG level was 53.7 mIU/ml (sensitivity, 94.1%; specificity, 81.4%; AUROC, 0.902). Conclusions: Initially low serum β-hCG level 14 days after day 3 embryo transfer indicated poor prognosis with minimal likelihood of ongoing pregnancy. Keywords: assisted reproductive technology; human chorionic gonadotropin; pregnancy; live birth; embryo transfer
FAÇO SENTIDO; LOGO, APRENDO: AS PROPRIEDADES DO SENSEMAKING NA APRENDIZAGEM EXPERIENCIAL
Authors: Garcia Adrianne , Montenegro Ludmilla Meyer
Published: January 2020

Os estudos sobre sensemaking ainda têm atraído muitos pesquisadores, sobretudo nas pesquisas de paradigma interpretativista na área de estudos organizacionais. No tocante à Teoria da Aprendizagem Experiencial, Kolb (1984) sugere que as teorias racionalistas e outras teorias cognitivistas tendem a dar importância primordial à aquisição, manipulação e uso de símbolos abstratos, enquanto teorias comportamentais negam qualquer papel da consciência à experiência subjetiva no processo de aprendizado, o que tem levado à construção de uma imagem incompleta de como se dá a aprendizagem. O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a construção dessa imagem, entendendo o lugar do sensemaking no processo de aprendizagem experiencial, tendo em vista que as propriedades do sensemaking guardam relação com a teoria Kolbiana.
Estado Capitalista Como Forma Social
Authors: DOMINCZAK Pedro Rozales Rodero , Marcatti Amanda Aparecida
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma leitura do Estado capitalista como forma social que se encontra no mesmo nível de abstração que a categoria que Marx descreve e desenvolve no livro I d’O Capital, conhecida como capital em geral, que difere dos inúmeros capitais particulares que concorrem entre si na lógica de acumulação capitalista. Esta diferenciação entre o capital em geral e os capitais particulares nada mais é que uma diferença do nível de abstração sob o qual se observa o movimento de uma mesma categoria. Assim, o que se propõe neste trabalho é que, da mesma forma que o capital deve ser analisado sob um duplo aspecto, o da aparência e o da essência, também o Estado capitalista deve ganhar o mesmo tratamento
A User-Centered Approach to an Evidence-Based Electronic Health Pain Management Intervention for People With Chronic Pain: Design and Development of EPIO
Authors: Ledel Solem Ingrid Konstanse , Varsi Cecilie , Eide Hilde , Kristjansdottir Olöf Birna , Børøsund Elin , Schreurs Karlein M G , Waxenberg Lori B , Weiss Karen E , Morrison Eleshia J , Haaland-Øverby Mette , Bevan Katherine , Zangi Heidi Andersen , Stubhaug Audun , Solberg Nes Lise
Published: January 2020

Background

Chronic pain conditions are complicated and challenging to live with. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions show promise in helping people cope with chronic illness, including pain. The success of these interventions depends not only on the technology and intervention content but also on the users’ acceptance and adherence. Involving all stakeholders (eg, patients, spouses, health care providers, designers, software developers, and researchers) and exploring their input and preferences in the design and development process is an important step toward developing meaningful interventions and possibly strengthening treatment outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to design and develop a user-centered, evidence-based eHealth self-management intervention for people with chronic pain.

Methods

The study employed a multidisciplinary and user-centered design approach. Overall, 20 stakeholders from the project team (ie, 7 researchers, 5 editors, 7 software developers, and 1 user representative), together with 33 external stakeholders (ie, 12 health care providers, 1 health care manger, 1 eHealth research psychologist, and 17 patients with chronic pain and 2 of their spouses) participated in a user-centered development process that included workshops, intervention content development, and usability testing. Intervention content was developed and finalized based on existing evidence, stakeholder input, and user testing. Stakeholder input was examined through qualitative analyses with rapid and in-depth analysis approaches.

Results

Analyses from stakeholder input identified themes including a need for reliable, trustworthy, and evidence-based content, personalization, options for feedback, behavioral tracking, and self-assessment/registration as factors to include in the intervention. Evidence-based intervention content development resulted in one face-to-face introduction session and 9 app-based educational and exercise-based modules. Usability testing provided further insight into how to optimize the design of the intervention to the user group, identifying accessibility and a simple design to be essential.

Conclusions

The design and development process of eHealth interventions should strive to combine well-known evidence-based concepts with stakeholder input. This study, designing and developing the pain management intervention EPIO, illustrates how a stakeholder-centered design approach can provide essential input in the development of an eHealth self-management intervention for people with chronic pain.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03705104; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03705104
Annotating Narrative Levels: Review of Guideline No. 6
Authors: Houston Natalie M.
Published: January 2020

The framing of Guideline VI within the pedagogical situation of a class on “Digital

Methods in Literary Studies” is helpful in pointing out some of the ways in

which the theory and practice of annotation can serve students of literature, as

well as eventually contributing to computational analysis. Above all, annotation

necessitates firm decisions, as the authors describe: ”Rather than let an ambiguous

text stay ambiguous, they simply had to decide for one option in order to

be able to annotate a passage and had to justify their choice with reference to

the whole text or to adapt the guidelines in order to address and document the

ambiguity” (3). This remark highlights the challenge in developing annotation

guidelines so that they can be used consistently by different communities of users

without modifications. The authors note several points of debate within the class

that are relevant to the overall shared task and its evaluation: the feasibility of developing

annotation guidelines that could be applied to a wide range of literary

texts; the involved levels of textual interpretation that some kinds of annotation

require; and the effect of prior study or knowledge on an annotator’s ability to discern

or interpret narrative levels. As the shared task proceeds, it may be necessary

to specify the applicability of the annotation guidelines to works from particular

genres, time periods, or languages.
Biography of the Count Paul Ballada of Saint Robert
Authors: Medici Gianfranco
Published: January 2020

The count Paolo Ballada of Saint Robert (1815-1888) as very young boy, he entered the Military Academy of Turin. At 45 years, he left the Army for devoting himself to the study of physical and military sciences. He was a member of the Royal Academy of the Sciences of Turin, the Royal Academy of the Lincei of Rome, the Royal Lombardo Institute of Milan, and of the Society (Academy) Italian called XL (forty). His life was dedicated to technical-scientific studies: Ballistics, Artillery, Mechanic, Hypsometry, Thermodynamic and Natural Sciences. As a passionate mountaineer, he did many alpine excursions and he was the main promoter and organizer of the first Italian ascent to mount Monviso in 1863 with his friend Quintino Sella, and contributed to the foundation of the Italian Alpine Club. He retired in Castagnole delle Lanze (Asti) in 1878 until 1884. He died in Turin in 1888.
Reseña de Deseografías/ Una antropología del deseo
Authors: Guerrero Mc Manus Siobhan
Published: January 2020

Reseña de Deseografías/ Una antropología del deseo
Entrevista al Profesor Emérito Doctor Sergio García Ramírez
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: January 2020

Sergio García Ramírez es Doctor en Derecho magna cum laude por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Profesor Emérito de la misma Universidad e investigador nacional emérito del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI). Tambien es investigador en el Instituto de Investigaciones Juridicas de la UNAM. Fue juez de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (1998-2009), en donde fungió como Presidente entre 2004 y 2008. Fue Presidente (fundador) de la Junta de Gobierno del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales, miembro del Consejo Consultivo de la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos y presidente de la Academia Mexicana de Ciencias Penales. Ha desempeñado diversos cargos públicos, entre ellos: Procurador General de Justicia del Distrito Fedeal, Secretario del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Procurador General de la República y Presidente (fundador) del Tribunal Superior Agrario. Es autor de numerosos libros y artículos sobre temas jurídicos, políticos y sociales. Es Doctor honoris causa por diversas instituciones mexicanas y extranjeras.
Crítica a la Ley General de Comunicación Social
Authors: Cárdenas Gracia Jaime Fernando
Published: January 2020

La Ley General de Comunicación Social publicada el día 11 de mayo de 2018 en el Diario Oficial de la Federación es un ordenamiento jurídico que no satisface las exigencias constitucionales de la publicidad oficial previstas en el párrafo octavo del artículo 134 de norma fundamental. En este artículo describimos los contenidos de la ley y exponemos las razones que se esgrimen para que la Ley sea declarada inconstitucional por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación.
La autenticación y verificación de la identidad a través de información biométrica como paradigma del tratamiento de datos personales en México
Authors: Romero Cerdán Tábata Andrea
Published: January 2020

El rápido progreso de las tecnologías biométricas y su aplicación generalizada en el sistema financiero mexicano, precisan de un estudio pormenorizado desde el punto de vista de la protección de datos personales. Dado que los datos biométricos han sido incluidos de manera incipiente en la normativa mexicana, en el presente artículo, se analiza su régimen jurídico desde el contexto europeo, abordándose además, las ventajas e inconvenientes que puede suponer la implantación de sistemas de almacenamiento masivo de información biométrica, a la luz de los derechos fundamentales de los individuos. Finalmente, apuntaré posibles soluciones que supongan una menor intrusión contra los derechos de los usuarios y clientes de las instituciones financieras.
El conflicto del testigo de identidad reservada con el adecuado derecho de defensa
Authors: González Velázquez Aristóteles Agustín
Published: January 2020

En los procesos penales existe la necesidad de brindar protección a los testigos ante posibles represalias, uno de estos métodos implica el uso del testigo de identidad reservada, del cual la defensa y el acusado desconocen su identidad, por lo que resulta importante determinar si este tipo de testigo limita o no el ejercicio del derecho de defensa.
Composición faunística en traspatios familiares de San Pedro Ixtlahuaca, Oaxaca
Authors: Ruiz Nieto Jorge Eric , Espinosa Trujillo Edgar , Mireles Arriaga Ana Isabel , Isiordia Lachica Paula Concepción , Hernández Ruiz Jesús
Published: January 2020

El análisis de la composición, estructura y función de los huertos familiares, desarrollados tradicionalmente por agricultores, puede generar conocimiento de las prácticas exitosas en la crianza de animales y cultivo de plantas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la fauna domesticada presente en los traspatios de San Pedro Ixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, en relación con la composición, uso y manejo. Se realizaron entrevistas y recorridos participativos con informantes claves de la comunidad. La fauna es considerada como un activo en la economía familiar, ya que la gente puede vender los animales y obtener ingresos económicos, o bien, consumir los productos derivados de ella. Fue común la crianza de gallinas (en 93% de los huertos), seguido de porcinos (75%), bovinos (56%), ovinos (37%) y caprinos (18%). Las especies de baja frecuencia relativa fueron: asnos y mulas. Otras especies presentes y no comestibles fueron perros y gatos en 52% de los huertos. De todos, los borregos fueron apreciados por su mayor valor. La crianza de los animales en relación con su alimentación, enfermedades, renovación de las poblaciones y el destino de los productos, dependió de la especie animal. La contribución de la mujer en las actividades de crianza de animales fue clave y relevante.
La multifuncionalidad de agroecosistemas en la cuenca del río Cuitzmala, Jalisco, México
Authors: Cotler Ãvalos Helena , Lazos Chavero Elena
Published: January 2020

Los agroecosistemas expresan el conjunto de arreglos productivos, síntesis del entorno ecológico y del contexto socio-económico y cultural, para la obtención de alimentos. La caracterización de los agroecosistemas, a nivel de parcela y en el contexto de la cuenca del Río Cuitzmala (Jalisco), se realizó mediante 78 entrevistas en seis comunidades de la parte alta y media de la cuenca. La finalidad era explorar las percepciones y los conocimientos de los agricultores sobre el deterioro de los suelos y entender las estrategias que construyen para mantener la multifuncionalidad de los agroecosistemas. En la parte alta de la cuenca, los agroecosistemas están condicionados por el relieve agreste, los suelos superficiales y la poca disponibilidad de agua. En estas tierras se sigue cultivando el â€œcoamilâ€ (milpa), que mantiene el patrimonio biocultural de la alimentación y la conservación de la agrodiversidad. En la parte media de la cuenca, el relieve ondulado, suelos profundos, la presencia de arroyos y el acceso a mercados, favorecen la producción de alimentos hacia mercados regionales, a pesar del conocimiento sobre la aptitud y la vulnerabilidad de los suelos, la falta de apoyo gubernamental y la migración debilitan las prácticas de conservación que pudieran mantener la multifuncionalidad de los agroecosistemas.
Особенности трансформации исторического пространства
Authors: Lytkin Kuzma
Published: January 2020

В предлагаемой статье сделана попытка раскрыть осо­бенности трансформации отдельно взятого исторического пространства за определённый период его исторического формирования.

Основой исследования явился анализ понятийного аппа­рата изучения исторического пространства, составленный на основе теоретических воззрений выдающихся отечественных и зарубежных учёных, исследовавших географический и социальный средовой аспект в синтезе с развитием истори­ческого пространства.

В этой связи затрагиваются вопросы географического детерминизма - его понятийного определения и его влияния на предмет исследования.

Целью исследования, явившегося основанием для статьи, было изучение особенностей трансформации конкретной градостроительной территориальной единицы в ходе её исто­рического формирования - средового пространственного изменения за определённый период исторического времени.

При этом скрытые особенности трансформации иссле­дованы и раскрыты на примере средовых пространственных изменений структуры отдельно взятого реального историче­ского объекта - Якутского острога XVII века, являющегося изначальной исторической основой города Якутска - самого крупного северного населённого места на вечной мерзлоте.

Приводится краткий градостроительный анализ исто­рических путей зарождения и развития Якутского острога в контексте предмета исследований.

В статье представлен аналитический графический матери­ал по масштабированному пространственному сопоставлению прошлого и настоящего на примере исследований архитек­турно-градостроительных параметров Якутского острога.
История проведения конкурса 1932 года на проект планировки Москвы в свете новых архивных материалов
Authors: Starostenko Yulia
Published: January 2020

В статье на основе анализа вновь выявленных документов из фондов архитекторов И.П. Машкова (РГАЛИ) и П.И. Гольденберга (РГАЭ), а также документов МОВАНО (РГАЛИ) реконструируется история проведения конкурса на проект планировки Москвы в 1932 году. Эти документы позволили уточнить многие, ранее остававшиеся неясными, аспекты проведения конкурса. Среди них: характер самого конкурса; сроки его проведения; коли­чество бригад, участвовавших в конкурсном проектировании, и количество конкурсных проектов; процесс подготовки экс­пертных заключений и критических статей, опубликованных по результатам конкурса; а также авторство условных схем конкурсных проектов, впервые опубликованных в статье П.И. и Б.И. Гольденбергов в 1933 году. В результате было установлено, что над проектами в первой половине 1932 года помимо ранее известных семи бригад советских и иностранных специалистов работала ещё одна бригада советских архитекторов под руко­водством Е.Г. Вейса, параллельно выполнявшая проект плани­ровки Сталинского района Москвы. Особое внимание в статье было уделено анализу рукописей и графики, выявленных среди материалов П.И. Гольденберга, что позволило с качественно но­вых позиций оценить ту роль, которую сыграл этот тогда совсем молодой архитектор в анализе проектов, представленных на конкурс, и определить его как автора условных схем конкурсных проектов. Сохранившиеся оригиналы этих схем публикуются в статье впервые. Помимо введения в научный оборот новых ма­териалов, статья также позволяет с качественно новых позиций оценить роль, которая отводилась конкурсным проектам в про­цессе поиска путей развития Москвы, и отношение к конкурсу со стороны Архитектурно-планировочного управлении Моссовета[1].

 

[1] Исследование выполнено за счёт средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 годы в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.2.3.
Современные закономерности формообразования жилых планировочных единиц
Authors: Fedchenko Irina
Published: January 2020

В статье обобщены закономерности развития урбани­зированных территорий крупных городов, влияющие на возникновение новых форм жилых планировочных единиц в начале XXI века. Даётся характеристика современных прин­ципов формообразования жилых территорий. Приводятся материалы натурного обследования, результаты анализа ли­тературных источников, проектных предложений, наиболее выразительных примеров современных жилых планировоч­ных единиц. Констатируется, что в настоящее время пробле­мы социальной стратификации, сегрегации, миграционных процессов, а также нарастающая динамика функциональной трансформации, формирование ландшафтно-экологического мировоззрения общества приводят к видоизменению морфо­логии жилых территорий. В мировую практику архитектуры и градостроительства проникают новейшие планировочные типы жилой среды, разные по содержанию и структуре. Категории «мобильность» и «доступность» являются ос­новными в обеспечении нормального функционирования современного города. Динамика функциональных про­цессов рождает появление многофункциональных жилых ядер в крупном городе. Стремление к разнообразию форм жизнедеятельности формирует жилые единицы смешанных типов застройки. Развитие ландшафтно-экологического мировоззрения и возникновение эколого-ориентированных инициатив формируют жилые образования по типу «сообще­ство сообществ», по структуре представляющих собой группу локальных образований, связанных системой общественных пространств, где окружение человека создаёт образователь­ную среду, направленную на формирование экологической культуры, новых образов мышления. В современных городах происходит сближение транспорта, мест приложения труда и жилья, внедряются концепции совмещения коммерчески-активной зоны с транспортно-пересадочным узлом. В статье делается вывод о необходимости учёта современных закономерностей развития урбанизированных территорий и, как следствие, возникновении новых форм жилых плани­ровочных единиц в проектировании и реконструкции жилых территорий нашей страны[1].

 

[1] Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки технологий» на 2013-2020 годы в рамках плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.6.3.
Современные тенденции реабилитации антропогенных территорий
Authors: Prokofieva Ekaterina , Vasiliev Nikita
Published: January 2020

В настоящее время в мире формируется тенденция к ре­абилитации антропогенных ландшафтов в городской среде. Это связано с постоянным развитием городов, изменением производственных технологий в различных сферах, задачами по улучшению качества жизни населения в городах. Процессы индустриализации и урбанизации ландшафта, происходившие в XX веке и продолжающиеся в настоящее время, привели не только к отрицательным экологическим, экономическим и социальным последствиям для большинства городских территорий, но и к отчуждению урбанизированного простран­ства от жителей. Переориентация экономического развития городов, сопровождаемая тенденцией закрытия или вывода индустриальных производств за границы города, определяет необходимость поиска новых направлений использования этих территорий. Статья посвящена актуальной теме реабили­тации и реконструкции антропогенного ландшафта городской среды с точки зрения устойчивого развития и повышения его рекреационной привлекательности. Особое внимание уделе­но современным подходам в мировой практике для осущест­вления экологической реконструкции постиндустриальных ландшафтов в городе. Распространяясь на общественные и коллективные пространства улиц, дворов, скверов, площадей, формируя культурный ландшафт нового качества на месте бывшего промышленного производства, ландшафтные преоб­разования позволяют решить важнейшую задачу реновации городской среды. Пассивные промышленные территории занимают значительную часть наиболее привлекательных с инвестиционной точки зрения районов города. Такие зоны являются потенциалом для градостроительного развития. В статье также сформулированы основные принципы реа­билитации и реновации бывших промышленных территорий, основной целью которых является устойчивое развитие и формирование комфортной городской среды.
Теории и примеры расчёта прочности внецентренно сжатых железобетонных элементов прямоугольного сечения
Authors: Starishko Ivan
Published: January 2020

Изложены недостатки теории расчёта внецентренно сжатых железобетонных элементов, заложенной в действующих нормативных документах, с обоснованием их на конкретном примере расчёта. В действующих нормативных документах для проверки несущей способности внецентренно сжатых железобетонных элементов исходят из условия N ≤ Nсеч. Для определения Nсеч высота сжатой зоны бетона х определяется в зависимости от значения внешней нагрузки N. При проверке условия N ≤ Nсеч можно только сделать заключение – выдержит ли колонна заданную нагрузку или не выдержит. Однако при этом неизвестно, какую же максимальную нагрузку Nmax выдержит колонна, так как при другом значении N в расчётах этой же колонны получим другое значение х, а соответственно и другое значение Nсеч. Несущая же способность колонны – это предельная нагрузка Nmax, которую колонна может выдержать неограниченно долгое время без разрушения. Предлагаются пути совершенствования указанной теории расчёта, которые более полно отражают фактическое напряжённо-деформированное предельное состояние элементов в зависимости от значений эксцентриситета e0η продольных сил N. Изложенная ниже теория расчётов внецентренно сжатых железобетонных элементов в предельном состоянии по несущей способности нормальных сечений, разработанная автором статьи, учитывает все возможные напряжения в продольной арматуре от RS до RSC, вызванные различными значениями эксцентриситета е продольной силы N. Теория основана на совместном решении уравнений равновесия продольных сил и внутренних усилий с уравнениями равновесия изгибающих моментов в предельном состоянии по прочности нормальных сечений. Приведённые в статье исследования открывают возможность более экономичного проектирования внецентренно сжатых железобетонных элементов, а также повышают на-дёжность и долговечность их при эксплуатации.
Colitis microscópica, un diagnóstico en aumento
Authors: Prieto Ortíz Robin Germán , Prieto Ortíz Jhon Edison
Published: January 2020

Actualmente, la colitis microscópica agrupa tres subgrupos de patologías, las clásicas son la colitis linfocítica (CL) y la colitis colagenosa (CC), que histológicamente se distinguen por la presencia o ausencia de engrosamiento subepitelial; el tercer subgrupo corresponde a la colitis microscópica incompleta (CMI), que incluye a pacientes que no cumplen los criterios clásicos de colitis microscópica, pero que presentan cambios histológicos similares. Aunque se considera una enfermedad con baja prevalencia e incidencia, los estudios presentados en los últimos años evidencian un incremento leve de esta patología. Se han mencionado como factores causales los inmunológicos e infecciosos y se ha relacionado con el consumo de algunos medicamentos y de cigarrillo. Clínicamente se caracteriza por la presencia de diarrea acuosa crónica, que en algunos pacientes puede cursar con períodos de estreñimiento. Los tres subgrupos presentan manifestaciones clínicas similares, por lo que su diagnóstico generalmente es histológico. La colonoscopia con toma de biopsias es el pilar diagnóstico y se debe complementar con hemograma, examen parasitológico, estudios inmunológicos (anticuerpos antinucleares, IgG) y de función tiroidea. El tratamiento se basa en la suspensión de medicamentos relacionados, cambios en los hábitos alimenticios y en el uso de medicamentos, como los esteroides, subsalicilato de bismuto, 5-ASA y colestiramina. En la gran mayoría de los pacientes, la mejoría se logra con un bajo porcentaje de recidivas.
Modification of 2D Conventional Weaving Machine for the Fabrication of High Performance Woven Preforms: Part-I: Design and Manufacturing of Warp Creel
Authors: Memon Sanam Irum , Peerzada Mazhar Hussain , Jhatial Rafique Ahmed , Qureshi Raja Fahad Ashraf
Published: January 2020

The Woven preforms are generally manufactured by weaving technique using either complex 3D weaving machines or especially designed patent machines. The advantage of conventional technique lies in the flexibility of yardage production and composite may be developed by lamination or directly using 3D multilayer structure. Due to the stiffer nature of high-performance fibers, the conventional weaving technology causes damage of fibers in general and strength and modulus in particular. The warp creel is one of the main elements of weaving machine which is responsible for such fiber damage due to inflexible unwinding of fiber spool caused by friction. Therefore, in this research, a warp creel with novel features has been designed and manufactured to replace the conventional warp beam for smooth processing of high performance fibers. For this purpose, different parts of the proposed warp creel were designed and manufactured, including creel frame and adjustable spindles. These parts were manufactured with different specifications and order to carry out the smooth processing of high-performance tow. All these parts were manufactured with MS steel. The developed warp creel was used for the production of high-performance fiber preforms. In this study, three different high-performance fibers (Carbon, Kevlar and Glass) were used to fabricate plain woven preforms. The main objective of this research is the preclusion of the fibers/filaments from deterioration from weaving mechanism. The results showed the minimum number of filaments of carbon tow being damaged. The use of MS steel material and highly polished parts resulted in least amount of frictional contacts which in turn improved the apparent quality of the formed preforms.
Risky sexual behavior and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections among the young people
Authors: Popov Mladen , Vojinov Sasa , Levakov Ivan , Grbic Dragan , Jeremic Dimitrije , Popov Iva
Published: January 2020

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a growing global trend in the
number of people with pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. There is
a worldwide lack of data on the prevalence and incidence of sexually
transmitted infections in the general population, especially among the high
school students. Material and Methods. We conducted a cross sectional study
on attitudes and knowledge of young people about sexually transmitted
infections. The survey population included young people aged 14 to 20 years
attending a high school in the city of Novi Sad. The data were collected
through a questionnaire. Results. The percentage of students with signs and
symptoms of sexually transmitted infections was higher among the students
who did not use a condom during the last sexual intercourse compared to the
students who used a condom. Conclusion. Young people engaging in risky
sexual behavior showed better knowledge about sexually transmitted
infections in comparison to young people who did not engage in risky sexual
behavior.
Análise comparativa das funções de deglutição e mastigação em crianças de 3 a 9 anos com autismo e com desenvolvimento típico
Authors: Melchior Amanda Francesquet , Marques Elen Tamires da Silva , Oliveira Pâmela Lima de , Santos Tamires Dias dos , Bolzan Geovana De Paula , Yamamoto Raquel Coube de Carvalho , Souza Ana Paula Ramos de
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos do processo alimentar e comparar as funções de deglutição e mastigação em crianças de três a nove anos com autismo e com desenvolvimento típico. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo quanti - qualitativa, a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos, com amostra de 10 crianças com idade entre três e nove anos, das quais cinco com diagnóstico de autismo e cinco em desenvolvimento típico. Utilizou-se neste estudo o Protocolo Perfil Sensorial - Questionário para os pais - 3 a 10 anos e análise da cena alimentar por duas juízas fonoaudiólogas através da adaptação do protocolo PAD-PED para avaliação da mastigação e deglutição. Resultados: Não foram encontradas alterações na deglutição e mastigação dos sujeitos com autismo quando comparados aos sujeitos com desenvolvimento típico, porém quatro sujeitos possuem dificuldade na cena alimentar e apresentaram alteração significativa no Perfil Sensorial nos sistemas relacionados ao processo alimentar. Conclusão: Não houve diferença nas funções orais em crianças com autismo em comparação com crianças com desenvolvimento típico. As diferenças encontradas entre os grupos se relacionaram ao processamento sensorial.