bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Vancomycin@ZIF-8 Loaded PVA Nanofiber Membrane for Infected Bone Repair
Authors: Zhao Yunbo , Wang Hongshui , Zou Xianrui , Wang Donghui , Fan Ying , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Mingjun , Yang Lei , Liang Chunyong
Published: May 2022

Bone substitutes with strong antibacterial properties and bone regeneration effects have an inherent potential in the treatment of severe bone tissue infections, such as osteomyelitis. In this study, vancomycin (Van) was loaded into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to prepare composite particles, which is abbreviated as V@Z. As a pH-responsive particle, ZIF-8 can be cleaved in the weak acid environment caused by bacterial infection to realize the effective release of drugs. Then, V@Z was loaded into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber by electrospinning to prepare PVA/V@Z composite bone filler. The drug-loading rate of V@Z was about 6.735%. The membranes exhibited super hydrophilicity, water absorption and pH-controlled Van release behavior. The properties of anti E. coli and S. aureus were studied under the pH conditions of normal physiological tissues and infected tissues (pH 7.4 and pH 6.5, respectively). It was found that the material had good surface antibacterial adhesion and antibacterial property. The PVA/V@Z membrane had the more prominent bacteria-killing effect compared with the same amount of single antibacterial agent containing membrane such as ZIF-8 or Van loaded PVA, and the antibacterial rate was up to 99%. The electrospun membrane had good biocompatibility and can promote MC3T3-E1 cell spreading on it.
Locally Secreted Semaphorin 4D Is Engaged in Both Pathogenic Bone Resorption and Retarded Bone Regeneration in a Ligature-Induced Mouse Model of Periodontitis
Authors: Ishii Takenobu , Ruiz-Torruella Montserrat , Yamamoto Kenta , Yamaguchi Tsuguno , Heidari Alireza , Pierrelus Roodelyne , Leon Elizabeth , Shindo Satoru , Rawas-Qalaji Mohamad , Pastore Maria Rita , Ikeda Atsushi , Nakamura Shin , Mawardi Hani , Kandalam Umadevi , Hardigan Patrick , Witek Lukasz , Coelho Paulo G. , Kawai Toshihisa
Published: May 2022

It is well known that Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) inhibits IGF-1-mediated osteogenesis by binding with PlexinB1 expressed on osteoblasts. However, its elevated level in the gingival crevice fluid of periodontitis patients and the broader scope of its activities in the context of potential upregulation of osteoclast-mediated periodontal bone-resorption suggest the need for further investigation of this multifaceted molecule. In short, the pathophysiological role of Sema4D in periodontitis requires further study. Accordingly, attachment of the ligature to the maxillary molar of mice for 7 days induced alveolar bone-resorption accompanied by locally elevated, soluble Sema4D (sSema4D), TNF-α and RANKL. Removal of the ligature induced spontaneous bone regeneration during the following 14 days, which was significantly promoted by anti-Sema4D-mAb administration. Anti-Sema4D-mAb was also suppressed in vitro osteoclastogenesis and pit formation by RANKL-stimulated BMMCs. While anti-Sema4D-mAb downmodulated the bone-resorption induced in mouse periodontitis, it neither affected local production of TNF-α and RANKL nor systemic skeletal bone remodeling. RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and resorptive activity were also suppressed by blocking of CD72, but not Plexin B2, suggesting that sSema4D released by osteoclasts promotes osteoclastogenesis via ligation to CD72 receptor. Overall, our data indicated that ssSema4D released by osteoclasts may play a dual function by decreasing bone formation, while upregulating bone-resorption.
How Important Are Genes to Achieve Longevity?
Authors: Caruso Calogero , Ligotti Mattia Emanuela , Accardi Giulia , Aiello Anna , Duro Giovanni , Galimberti Damiano , Candore Giuseppina
Published: May 2022

Several studies on the genetics of longevity have been reviewed in this paper. The results show that, despite efforts and new technologies, only two genes, APOE and FOXO3A, involved in the protection of cardiovascular diseases, have been shown to be associated with longevity in nearly all studies. This happens because the genetic determinants of longevity are dynamic and depend on the environmental history of a given population. In fact, population-specific genes are thought to play a greater role in the attainment of longevity than those shared between different populations. Hence, it is not surprising that GWAS replicated associations of common variants with longevity have been few, if any, as these studies pool together different populations. An alternative way might be the study of long-life families. This type of approach is proving to be an ideal resource for uncovering protective alleles and associated biological signatures for healthy aging phenotypes and exceptional longevity.
Arylquin 1 (Potent Par-4 Secretagogue) Inhibits Tumor Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Tseng Tzu-Ting , Tsai Hung-Pei , Huang Ming-Yii
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies mainly involve surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, novel antitumor compounds are needed to avoid drug resistance in CRC, as well as the severe side effects of current treatments. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of Arylquin 1 in CRC. The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of SW620 and HCT116 cancer cells treated with Arylquin 1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further, wound-healing and transwell migration assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of cultured cells, and Annexin V was used to detect apoptotic cells. Additionally, Western blot was used to identify the expression levels of N-cadherin, caspase-3, cyclin D1, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-p38, related to key signaling proteins, after administration of Arylquin 1. Xenograft experiments further confirmed the effects of Arylquin 1 on CRC cells in vivo. Arylquin 1 exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in cultured CRC cells. It also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Arylquin 1 increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38. In a mouse xenograft model, Arylquin 1 treatment diminished the growth of colon tumors after injection of cultured cancer cells. Arylquin 1 may have potential anticancer effects and translational significance in the treatment of CRC.
H2S in Horticultural Plants: Endogenous Detection by an Electrochemical Sensor, Emission by a Gas Detector, and Its Correlation with L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase (LCD) Activity
Authors: Muñoz-Vargas María A. , González-Gordo Salvador , Palma José M. , Corpas Francisco J.
Published: May 2022

H2S has acquired great attention in plant research because it has signaling functions under physiological and stress conditions. However, the direct detection of endogenous H2S and its potential emission is still a challenge in higher plants. In order to achieve a comparative analysis of the content of H2S among different plants with agronomical and nutritional interest including pepper fruits, broccoli, ginger, and different members of the genus Allium such as garlic, leek, Welsh and purple onion, the endogenous H2S and its emission was determined using an ion-selective microelectrode and a specific gas detector, respectively. The data show that endogenous H2S content range from pmol to μmol H2S · g−1 fresh weight whereas the H2S emission of fresh-cut vegetables was only detected in the different species of the genus Allium with a maximum of 9 ppm in garlic cloves. Additionally, the activity and isozymes of the L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) were analyzed, which is one of the main enzymatic sources of H2S, where the different species of the genus Allium showed the highest activities. Using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, the data indicated the presence of up to nine different LCD isozymes from one in ginger to four in onion, leek, and broccoli. In summary, the data indicate a correlation between higher LCD activity with the endogenous H2S content and its emission in the analyzed horticultural species. Furthermore, the high content of endogenous H2S in the Allium species supports the recognized benefits for human health, which are associated with its consumption.
Distinct Gene Set Enrichment Profiles in Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps by Bulk RNA Barcoding and Sequencing
Authors: Ishino Takashi , Takeno Sachio , Takemoto Kota , Yamato Kensuke , Oda Takashi , Nishida Manabu , Horibe Yuichiro , Chikuie Nobuyuki , Kono Takashi , Taruya Takayuki , Hamamoto Takao , Ueda Tsutomu
Published: May 2022

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high symptom burden, including nasal congestion and smell disorders. This study performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in CRSwNP classified as eosinophilic CRS (ECRS), nonECRS according to the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) criteria, and a group of ECRS with comorbid aspirin intolerant asthma (Asp). Gene expression profiles of nasal polyps and the uncinate process in CRSwNP patients and normal subjects (controls) were generated by bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing (BRB-seq). A differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed using DESeq2 software in iDEP to clarify any relationship between gene expression and disease backgrounds. A total of 3004 genes were identified by DEGs analysis to be associated with ECRS vs control, nonECRS vs control, and Asp vs control. A pathway analysis showed distinct profiles between the groups. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed distinct phenotype-specific pathways of expressed genes. In the specific pathway of “cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction”, the differentially expressed genes were widely distributed. This study indicates that transcriptome analysis using BRB-seq may be a valuable tool to explore the pathogenesis of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP.
The Advances in Epigenetics for Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuexuan , Han Yu , Jin Yuzhen , He Qiang , Wang Zhicheng
Published: May 2022

Cancer is an important factor threatening human life and health; in recent years, its morbidity and mortality remain high and demosntrate an upward trend. It is of great significance to study its pathogenesis and targeted therapy. As the complex mechanisms of epigenetic modification has been increasingly discovered, they are more closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. As a reversible response, epigenetic modification is of great significance for the improvement of classical therapeutic measures and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. It has become a research focusto explore the multi-level mechanisms of RNA, DNA, chromatin and proteins. As an important means of cancer treatment, radiotherapy has made great progress in technology, methods, means and targeted sensitization after years of rapid development, and even research on radiotherapy based on epigenetic modification is rampant. A series of epigenetic effects of radiation on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromosome remodeling, RNA modification and non-coding RNA during radiotherapy affects the therapeutic effects and prognosis. Starting from the epigenetic mechanism of tumorigenesis, this paper reviews the latest progress in the mechanism of interaction between epigenetic modification and cancer radiotherapy and briefly introduces the main types, mechanisms and applications of epigenetic modifiers used for radiotherapy sensitization in order to explore a more individual and dynamic approach of cancer treatment based on epigenetic mechanism. This study strives to make a modest contribution to the progress of human disease research.
Immune Modulation Using Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulated with MicroRNAs as Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Matsuzaka Yasunari , Yashiro Ryu
Published: May 2022

Self-tolerance involves protection from self-reactive B and T cells via negative selection during differentiation, programmed cell death, and inhibition of regulatory T cells. The breakdown of immune tolerance triggers various autoimmune diseases, owing to a lack of distinction between self-antigens and non-self-antigens. Exosomes are non-particles that are approximately 50–130 nm in diameter. Extracellular vesicles can be used for in vivo cell-free transmission to enable intracellular delivery of proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes can regulate the molecular pathways involved in the immune response through post-transcriptional regulation. Herein, we sought to summarize and review the molecular mechanisms whereby exosomal miRNAs modulate the expression of genes involved in the immune response.
Pyridine Compounds with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities
Authors: Marinescu Maria , Popa Claudia-Valentina
Published: May 2022

In the context of the new life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding new antiviral and antimicrobial compounds is a priority in current research. Pyridine is a privileged nucleus among heterocycles; its compounds have been noted for their therapeutic properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer’s, anti-ulcer or antidiabetic. It is known that a pyridine compound, which also contains a heterocycle, has improved therapeutic properties. The singular presence of the pyridine nucleus, or its one together with one or more heterocycles, as well as a simple hydrocarbon linker, or grafted with organic groups, gives the key molecule a certain geometry, which determines an interaction with a specific protein, and defines the antimicrobial and antiviral selectivity for the target molecule. Moreover, an important role of pyridine in medicinal chemistry is to improve water solubility due to its poor basicity. In this article, we aim to review the methods of synthesis of pyridine compounds, their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, the correlation of pharmaceutical properties with various groups present in molecules as well as the binding mode from Molecular Docking Studies.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Treatment Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Shock in Mice
Authors: Lee Chang-Gun , Park Chanoh , Hwang Soonjae , Hong Ju-Eun , Jo Minjeong , Eom Minseob , Lee Yongheum , Rhee Ki-Jong
Published: May 2022

Despite advances in medicine, mortality due to sepsis has not decreased. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is emerging as an alternative treatment in many inflammation-related diseases. However, there are few studies on the application of PEMF therapy to sepsis. In the current study, we examined the effect of PEMF therapy on a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock. Mice injected with LPS and treated with PEMF showed higher survival rates compared with the LPS group. The increased survival was correlated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and lower serum nitric oxide levels and nitric oxide synthase 2 mRNA expression in the liver compared with the LPS group. In the PEMF + LPS group, there was less organ damage in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys compared to the LPS group. To identify potential gene targets of PEMF treatment, microarray analysis was performed, and the results showed that 136 genes were up-regulated, and 267 genes were down-regulated in the PEMF + LPS group compared to the LPS group. These results suggest that PEMF treatment can dramatically decrease septic shock through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In a clinical setting, PEMF may provide a beneficial effect for patients with bacteria-induced sepsis and reduce septic shock-induced mortality.
Crosstalk between Melatonin and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses: An Update
Authors: Gu Quan , Xiao Qingqing , Chen Ziping , Han Yi
Published: May 2022

Melatonin acts as a multifunctional molecule that takes part in various physiological processes, especially in the protection against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, etc. These stresses typically elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Excessive ROS induce oxidative stress and decrease crop growth and productivity. Significant advances in melatonin initiate a complex antioxidant system that modulates ROS homeostasis in plants. Numerous evidences further reveal that melatonin often cooperates with other signaling molecules, such as ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The interaction among melatonin, NO, H2S, and ROS orchestrates the responses to abiotic stresses via signaling networks, thus conferring the plant tolerance. In this review, we summarize the roles of melatonin in establishing redox homeostasis through the antioxidant system and the current progress of complex interactions among melatonin, NO, H2S, and ROS in higher plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the vital role of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) during these processes. The complicated integration that occurs between ROS and melatonin in plants is also discussed.
Two New Synonyms of Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu, 1928) (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Data, with Notes on Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian, 2012
Authors: Yang Yu-Ben , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: May 2022

We recently examined specimens of the genus Paraleuctra Hanson, 1941, from Zhejiang Province and Sichuan Province, China, and two new synonyms are established based on morphological and molecular data. Paraleuctra sinica Yang and Yang, 1995, and Paraleuctra tianmushana Li and Yang, 2010, are synonymized with Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu, 1928). Additionally, we provide new images of Paraleuctra cervicornis Du and Qian, 2012, to facilitate identification of this species.
Olfactory Strategies in the Defensive Behaviour of Insects
Authors: Kannan Kavitha , Galizia C. , Nouvian Morgane
Published: May 2022

Most animals must defend themselves in order to survive. Defensive behaviour includes detecting predators or intruders, avoiding them by staying low-key or escaping or deterring them away by means of aggressive behaviour, i.e., attacking them. Responses vary across insect species, ranging from individual responses to coordinated group attacks in group-living species. Among different modalities of sensory perception, insects predominantly use the sense of smell to detect predators, intruders, and other threats. Furthermore, social insects, such as honeybees and ants, communicate about danger by means of alarm pheromones. In this review, we focus on how olfaction is put to use by insects in defensive behaviour. We review the knowledge of how chemical signals such as the alarm pheromone are processed in the insect brain. We further discuss future studies for understanding defensive behaviour and the role of olfaction.
Report of Tuckerella pavoniformis (Acari: Tuckerellidae) on Mamey, Mammea americana (Calophyllaceae), in Northwestern Peru
Authors: Escobar-Garcia Hector Alonso , Beard Jennifer J. , Ochoa Ronald
Published: May 2022

The family Tuckerellidae, or peacock mites, is a monogeneric group comprising approximately 32 species, which are usually collected from the fruits or woody parts of their host plants. Fruits and branchlets of mamey, Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae) trees in north-western Peru were sampled for peacock mites throughout spring and summer for two consecutive years. This is the first record of Tuckerella pavoniformis (Ewing) (Acari: Tuckerellidae) feeding on mamey. Aggregations of mites were much higher and more common on the fruit epicarps than on branchlets. Recommendations for the development of an Integrated Pest Management strategy for this peacock mite are included.
Study of the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Analysis of the Functional and Anatomical Improvement in Polynucleotide Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Jang Ji Yoon , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Min Woo , Kim Sung Hoon , Yong Sang Yeol
Published: May 2022

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in old age. Recent studies have suggested new treatment approaches dealing with subchondral remodeling, which is a typical feature of OA progression. However, diagnostic tools or therapeutic approaches related to such a process are still being researched. The automated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based texture analysis is a new method used for OA-progression detection. We designed a prospective case series study to examine the efficacy of the AI algorithm-based texture analysis in detecting the restoration of the subchondral remodeling process, which is expected to follow therapeutic intervention. In this study, we used polynucleotide (PN) filler injections as the therapeutic modality and the treatment outcome was verified by symptom improvement, as well as by the induction of subchondral microstructural changes. We used AI algorithm-based texture analysis to observe these changes in the subchondral bone with the bone structure value (BSV). A total of 51 participants diagnosed with knee OA were enrolled in this study. Intra-articular PN filler (HP cell Vitaran J) injections were administered once a week and five times in total. Knee X-rays and texture analyses with BSVs were performed during the screening visit and the last visit three months after screening. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean-Western Ontario MacMaster (K-WOMAC) measurements were used at the screening visit, the fifth intra-articular injection visit, and the last visit. The VAS and K-WOMAC scores decreased after PN treatment and lasted for three months after the final injection. The BSV changed in the middle and deep layers of tibial bone after PN injection. This result could imply that there were microstructural changes in the subchondral bone after PN treatment, and that this change could be detected using the AI algorithm-based texture analysis. In conclusion, the AI- algorithm-based texture analysis could be a promising tool for detecting and assessing the therapeutic outcome in knee OA.
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging: Advances in Ophthalmology
Authors: Singh Sumit Randhir , Chhablani Jay
Published: May 2022

Since its advent in 1991, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become the most commonly used imaging modality in vitreo-retina practice [...]
Heart-Rate-Corrected QT Interval Response to Ramosetron during Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lee Bora , Kim So Yeon , Kim Seung Hyun , Yang Hyukjin , Jin Jeong Hyun , Choi Seung Ho
Published: May 2022

Ramosetron, often used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, might cause heart-rate-corrected (QTc) interval prolongation, as might robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), which requires a steep Trendelenburg position and CO2 pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to determine how ramosetron administration affects the QTc interval in patients treated with RALP. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to ramosetron (n = 28) or control (n = 28) groups. The ramosetron group received 0.3 mg of ramosetron after anesthetic induction, whereas the control group received normal saline. The QTc interval was measured before and after induction; after 5, 30, and 60 min of being placed in the Trendelenburg position; immediately after being returned to a supine position; and at the end of surgery. Linear mixed models were used to compare QT intervals between groups. QTc intervals did not differ significantly between groups over time (Pgroup×time = 0.111). However, they increased significantly in both groups after placement in the Trendelenburg position compared with before induction (Ptime < 0.001). This increase in QTc continued until the end of surgery in both groups. Based on these findings, ramosetron can be safely administered for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients undergoing RALP.
Which Safe Zone Is Safe in Total Hip Arthroplasty? The Effect of Bony Impingement
Authors: Weber Markus , von Kunow Frederik , Innmann Moritz , Meyer Matthias , Thieme Max , Jerabek Seth , Renkawitz Tobias
Published: May 2022

“Safe zones” for cup position are currently being investigated in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bony impingement on the safe zone and provide recommendations for cup position in THA. CT scans were performed on 123 patients who underwent a cementless THA. Using the implant data and bone morphology from the CT scans, an impingement detection algorithm simulating range of motion (ROM) determined the presence of prosthetic and/or bony impingement. An impingement-free zone of motion was determined for each patient. These zones were then compared across all patients to establish an optimized impingement-free “safe zone”. Bony impingement reduced the impingement-free zone of motion in 49.6% (61/123) of patients. A mean reduction of 23.4% in safe zone size was observed in relation to periprosthetic impingement. The superposition of the safe zones showed the highest probability of impingement-free ROM with cup position angles within 40–50° of inclination and 20–30° of anteversion in relation to the applied cup and stem design of this study. Virtual ROM simulations identified bony impingement at the anterosuperior acetabular rim for internal rotation at 90° of flexion and at the posteroinferior rim for adduction as the main reasons for bony impingement.
Long-Term Cardiovascular Findings in Williams Syndrome: A Single Medical Center Experience in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chung-Lin , Lin Shan-Miao , Chen Ming-Ren , Chuang Chih-Kuang , Syu Yu-Min , Chiu Huei-Ching , Tu Ru-Yi , Lo Yun-Ting , Chang Ya-Hui , Lin Hsiang-Yu , Lin Shuan-Pei
Published: May 2022

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23. Cardiovascular defects (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with WS. The most common CVD in patients with WS is supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), which recovers spontaneously similar to branch pulmonary stenosis (PS). Recently, conventional beliefs, such as SVAS improving rather than worsening in WS, have been challenged. This study thoroughly reviews the medical records of 30 patients with a molecular diagnosis of WS. We followed up these patients at Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital from January 1999 to December 2021. The long-term outcomes of cardiovascular lesions as well as the change in peak pressure gradient in obstructive cardiovascular lesions over time were studied. Among these 30 patients, the most common cardiovascular lesion was SVAS (50.0%), followed by branch PS (36.7%). During the follow-up period, severe SVAS was aggravated (p = 0.021). The peak pressure gradient decreased from 38.4 to 25.3 mmHg (p = 0.001) in patients with branch PS. Among patients with WS, those with severe SVAS deteriorated over time, whereas those with branch PS improved on their own. In patients with WS who presented with branch PS, no disease-specific intervention was needed.
Differences in Willingness to Undergo BRCA1/2 Testing and Risk Reducing Surgery among the General Public, Cancer Patients, and Healthcare Professionals: A Large Population-Based Survey
Authors: Chang Yoon Jung , Cho Seungyeon , Joo Jungnam , Ryu Kum Hei , Lee Sangwon , Cho Juhee , Lim Myong Cheol , Jung So-Youn , Han Jai Hong , Lee Eun Sook , Kong Sun-Young
Published: May 2022

We aimed to understand the decision-making process related to the willingness to undergo BRCA1/2 genetic testing, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), or risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) among the general public, cancer patients, and healthcare professionals in South Korea. In total, 3444 individuals (1496 from the general public, 1500 cancer patients, 108 clinicians, and 340 researchers) completed a survey addressing genetic testing and related risk management options in a hypothetical scenario. Differences in intent and associated factors for undergoing the above procedures or sharing test results were analyzed. Overall, 67% of participants were willing to undergo BRCA1/2 testing, with proportions of the general public (58%), cancer patients (70%), clinicians (88%), and researchers (90%). The willingness to undergo RRSO was highest among clinicians (58%), followed by among patients (38%), the general public (33%), and researchers (32%) (p < 0.001). Gender, age, education level, and household income were associated with willingness to undergo genetic testing, RRM, and RRSO (p < 0.05). The intent for undergo genetic testing, RRM, and RRSO were affected by many factors. Finally, 69% of the general public intended to share information with family, while this percentage was 92%, 91%, and 94% for patients, clinicians, and researchers, respectively (p < 0.05). These results highlight the requirement for developing targeted educational materials and counseling strategies for facilitating informed decision making.
A Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly with Subjective Memory Complaints
Authors: Kim Sunhae , Lee Kounseok
Published: May 2022

(1) Background: Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are common among the elderly and are important because they can indicate early cognitive impairment. The factor with the greatest correlation with SMCs is depression. The purpose of this study is to examine depressive symptoms among elderly individuals with SMCs through a network analysis that can analyze disease models between symptoms; (2) Methods: A total of 3489 data collected from elderly individuals in the community were analyzed. The Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were evaluated. For statistical analysis, we investigated the features of the depressive symptoms network, including centrality and clustering; (3) Results: Network analysis of the SMC group showed strong associations in the order of Q1–Q2 (r = 0.499), Q7–Q8 (r = 0.330), and Q1–Q6 (r = 0.239). In terms of centrality index, Q2 was highest in strength and expected influence, followed by Q1 in all of betweenness, strength, and expected influence; (4) Conclusions: The network analysis confirmed that the most important factors in the subjective cognitive decline group were depressed mood and anhedonia, which also had a strong correlation in the network pattern.
Microbiological Analysis and Metagenomic Profiling of the Bacterial Community of an Anthropogenic Soil Modified from Typic Haploxererts
Authors: Barbaccia Pietro , Dazzi Carmelo , Franciosi Elena , Di Gerlando Rosalia , Settanni Luca , Lo Papa Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

This work aimed to characterize the microbial communities of an anthropogenic soil originating from application of pedotechniques to Vertisols in a Mediterranean environment. Bare soil profiles were sampled at three depths (0–10 cm, 10–30 cm, and 30–50 cm) and compared with the original soil not transformed at the same depths. The anthropogenic soils were characterized by a higher CaCO3 concentration (360–640 g/kg) than control soil (190–200 g/kg), while an opposite trend was registered for clay, where control soil showed a higher concentration (465 g/kg on average) than anthropogenic soil (355 g/kg on average). Organic carbon content was much higher in the untransformed soil. All samples were microbiologically investigated using a combined culture-dependent and -independent approach. Each pedon displayed a generally decreasing level with soil depth for the several microbial groups investigated; in particular, filamentous fungi were below the detection limit at 30–50 cm. To isolate bacteria actively involved in soil particle aggregation, colonies with mucoid appearance were differentiated at the strain level and genetically identified: the major groups were represented by Bacillus and Pseudomonas. MiSeq Illumina analysis identified Actinobacteria and Firmicutes as the main groups. A high microbial variability was found in all the three anthropogenic pedons and the microorganisms constitute a mature community.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of a Median Nerve by Magnetic Resonance: A Pilot Study
Authors: Awais Kanza , Snoj Žiga , Cvetko Erika , Serša Igor
Published: May 2022

The magnetic resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a powerful extension of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) utilizing multiple bipolar gradients, allowing for the evaluation of the microstructural environment of the highly anisotropic tissues. DTI was predominantly used for the assessment of the central nervous system (CNS), but with the advancement in magnetic resonance (MR) hardware and software, it has now become possible to image the peripheral nerves which were difficult to evaluate previously because of their small caliber. This study focuses on the assessment of the human median peripheral nerve ex vivo by DTI microscopy at 9.4 T magnetic field which allowed the evaluation of diffusion eigenvalues, the mean diffusivity and the fractional anisotropy at 35 μm in-plane resolution. The resolution was sufficient for clear depiction of all nerve anatomical structures and therefore further image analysis allowed the obtaining of average values for DT parameters in nerve fascicles (intrafascicular region and perineurium) as well as in the surrounding epineurium. The results confirmed the highest fractional anisotropy of 0.33 and principal diffusion eigenvalue of 1.0 × 10−9 m2/s in the intrafascicular region, somewhat lower values of 0.27 and 0.95 × 10−9 m2/s in the perineurium region and close to isotropic with very slow diffusion (0.15 and 0.05 × 10−9 m2/s) in the epineurium region.
Solution Equilibria Formation of Manganese(II) Complexes with Ethylenediamine, 1,3-Propanediamine and 1,4-ButanediaMine in Methanol
Authors: Segoviano-Garfias José J. N. , Zanor Gabriela A. , Ávila-Ramos Fidel
Published: May 2022

Manganese is an abundant element that plays critical roles and is at the reaction center of several enzymes. In order to promote an understanding of the behavior of manganese(II) ion with several aliphatic ligands, in this work, the stability and spectral behavior of the complexes with manganese(II) and ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine or 1,4-butanediamine were explored. A spectrophotometric study of its speciation in methanol was performed at 293 K. The formation constants obtained for these systems were: manganese(II)-ethylenediamine log β110 = 3.98 and log β120 = 7.51; for the manganese(II)-1,3-propanediamine log β110 = 5.08 and log β120 = 8.66; and for manganese(II)-1,4-butanediamine log β110 = 4.36 and log β120 = 8.46. These results were obtained by fitting the experimental spectrophotometric data using the HypSpec software. The complexes reported in this study show a spectral pattern that could be related to a chelate effect in which the molar absorbance is not directly related to the increase in the carbon chain of the ligands.
Separation of Drugs by Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes and Their Modelling
Authors: Nayak Vignesh , Cuhorka Jiří , Mikulášek Petr
Published: May 2022

Pharmaceutical drugs have recently emerged as one the foremost water pollutants in the environment, triggering a severe threat to living species. With their complex chemical nature and the intricacy involved in the removal process in mind, the present work investigates the performance of commercially available polyamide thin-film composite tubular nanofiltration (NF) membranes (AFC 40 and AFC 80) in removing polluting pharmaceutical drugs, namely caffeine, paracetamol and naproxen. The structural parameters of the NF membranes were estimated by water permeability measurements and retention measurements with aqueous solutions of organic, uncharged (glycerol) solutes. The effect of various operating conditions on the retention of solutes by the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes, such as applied transmembrane pressure, tangential feed flow velocity, feed solution concentration and ionic strength, were evaluated. It was found that the rejection of drugs was directly proportional to transmembrane pressure and feed flow rate. Due to the size difference between caffeine (MW = 194.9 g/mol), naproxen (MW = 230.2 g/mol) and paracetamol (MW = 151.16 g/mol), the AFC 40 membrane proved to be efficient for caffeine and naproxen, with rejection efficiencies of 88% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, the AFC 80 membrane proved to be better for paracetamol, with a rejection efficiency of 96% (and rejection efficiency of 100% for caffeine and naproxen). It was also observed that the rejection efficiency of the AFC 80 membrane did not change with changes in external operating conditions compared to the AFC 40 membrane. The membrane performance was predicted using the Spiegler–Kedem model based on irreversible thermodynamics, which was successfully used to explain the transport mechanism of solutes through the AFC 40 and AFC 80 membranes in the NF process.
Effect of Sulfur Content on Copper Recovery in the Reduction Smelting Process
Authors: Wu Long , Wang Hongyang , Dong Kai
Published: May 2022

This work discussed the advantages of reducing copper in molten copper slag with low S content. FactSage calculated the distribution of copper at equilibrium under different sulfur contents. The effect of sulfur content on copper recovery under different oxygen partial pressures in 1400 °C was pointed out. The effect of sulfur content on copper recovery in the actual reduction process was explored through experimental research. Under the condition of low sulfur, the recovery ratio of copper and the stability of the experiment have an ideal result in fixed C/O in the experiment.
Effect of Stiffener Strength on the Failure Mode of Stiffened Plate under Confined Explosion: Experimental Studies
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Pengyu , Li Mao , Mao Liuwei , Hou Hailiang
Published: May 2022

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of stiffener strength on the failure mode of an outer-stiffened plate subjected to confined blast loading. A relatively rigid box with one open side was designed, to provide a confined space, and the stiffened plate was fixed onto the open side. Various field blast experiments of stiffened plates with different dimensions were conducted. Transducers were placed on typical points to record the overpressure history. The post-explosion deformation was drawn utilizing the 3D scanner technique, and the failure modes of the stiffened plates were examined in detail. The effect of plate thickness, stiffener thickness, stiffener height, and stand-off distance on the failure mode of the stiffened plate is discussed. It was shown that two typical failure modes were observed in the stiffened plates, namely uniform global dome deformation and nonuniform dome deformation, with local lattice along the stiffeners. The transformation of these two deformation modes originated from the relative strength of the stiffener compared to the plate, hence a relative strength factor was proposed to clarify the division.
Grindability of Ti−Nb−Cu Alloys for Dental Machining Applications
Authors: Takahashi Masatoshi , Kikuchi Masafumi , Takada Yukyo
Published: May 2022

We developed high-strength Ti−Nb−Cu alloys and investigated their grindability. The grindability of each alloy was evaluated based on the volume of metal removed per minute (grinding rate) and on the ratio of the metal volume removed to the volume of the wheel material lost (grinding ratio). The grinding rate of the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu, Ti-18%Nb-2%Cu, and Ti-24%Nb-1%Cu alloys significantly exceeded that of unalloyed titanium at high, medium, and low grinding speeds, respectively. Additionally, the Ti-6%Nb-4%Cu alloy exhibited an excellent grinding ratio. Generally, materials with high strength and hardness frequently exhibit poor machinability; however, the Ti−Nb−Cu alloys developed in our study presented favorable grindability characteristics and, therefore, demonstrated good potential for application as dental titanium alloys that can be subjected to computer-aided design/manufacturing processes.
The Holes of Zn Phosphate and Hot Dip Galvanizing on Electrochemical Behaviors of Multi-Coatings on Steel Substrates
Authors: Duarte Thiago , Meyer Yuri A. , Osório Wislei R.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this investigation is focused on the evaluation of distinctive coatings commonly applied in the automotive industry. The resulting corrosion behavior is analyzed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), equivalent circuit (EC) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The novelty concerns a comparison between tricationic phosphate (TCP), cataphoretic electrodeposition (CED) of an epoxy layer, TCP + CED and HDG (hot-dip galvanized) + TCP + CED multi-coatings. Both the naturally deposited and defect-induced damage (incision) coatings are examined. The experimental impedance parameters and corrosion current densities indicate that multi-coating system (HDG + TCP + CED layers) provides better protection. Both planar and porous electrode behaviors are responsible to predict the corrosion mechanism of the majority of samples examined. Although induced-damage samples reveal that corrosion resistances decreased up to 10×, when compared with no damaged samples, the same trend of the corrosion protection is maintained, i.e., TCP < CED < TCP + CED < HDG + TCP + CED. It is also found that the same trend verified by using electrochemical parameters is also observed when samples are subjected under salt spray condition (500 h). It is also found that porous electrode behavior is not a deleterious aspect to corrosion resistance. It is more intimately associated with initial thickness coating, while corrosion resistance is associated with adhesion of the CED layer on TCP coating. The results of relative cost-to-efficiency to relative coating density ratios are associated with fact that a CED coating is necessary to top and clear coating applications and the TCP + CED and the HDG/TCP + CED coating systems exhibit the best results.
Use of Ion-Exchange Resins to Adsorb Scandium from Titanium Industry’s Chloride Acidic Solution at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Mikeli Eleni , Marinos Danai , Toli Aikaterini , Pilichou Anastasia , Balomenos Efthymios , Panias Dimitrios
Published: May 2022

Scandium metal has generated a lot of interest during the past years. This is due to the various crucial applications it has found ground in and the lack of production in countries outside China and Russia. Apart from rare earth ores, scandium is present in a variety of wastes and by-products originating from metallurgical processes and is not currently being sufficiently valorised. One of these processes is the production of titanium dioxide, which leaves an acidic iron chloride solution with a considerably high concentration of scandium (10–140 ppm) and is currently sold as a by-product. This research aims to recover scandium without affecting the solution greatly so that it can still be resold as a by-product after the treatment. To achieve this, two commercial ion-exchange resins, VP OC 1026 and TP 260, are used in the column setup. Their breakthrough curves are plotted with mathematical modelling and compared. Results indicate that VP OC 1026 resin is the most promising for Sc extraction with a column capacity of 1.46 mg/mL, but Zr, Ti, and V coextract have high capacities, while Fe does not interfere with the adsorption.
Sex-Specific Metabolic Effects of Dietary Folate Withdrawal in Wild-Type and Aldh1l1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Sharma Jaspreet , Rushing Blake R. , Hall Madeline S. , Helke Kristi L. , McRitchie Susan L. , Krupenko Natalia I. , Sumner Susan J. , Krupenko Sergey A.
Published: May 2022

ALDH1L1 (10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism, is highly expressed in the liver. It regulates the overall flux of folate-bound one-carbon groups by converting 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2 in a NADP+-dependent reaction. Our previous study revealed that Aldh1l1 knockout (KO) mice have an altered liver metabotype with metabolic symptoms of folate deficiency when fed a standard chow diet containing 2 ppm folic acid. Here we performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of liver and plasma of KO and wild-type (WT) male and female mice fed for 16 weeks either standard or folate-deficient diet. OPLS-DA, a supervised multivariate technique that was applied to 6595 and 10,678 features for the liver and plasma datasets, respectively, indicated that genotype and diet, alone or in combination, gave distinct metabolic profiles in both types of biospecimens. A more detailed analysis of affected metabolic pathways based on most confidently identified metabolites in the liver and plasma (OL1 and OL2a ontology level) indicated that the dietary folate restriction itself does not fully recapitulate the metabolic effect of the KO. Of note, dietary folate withdrawal enhanced the metabolic perturbations linked to the ALDH1L1 loss only for a subset of metabolites. Importantly, both the ALDH1L1 loss and dietary folate deficiency produced sex-specific metabolic effects.
Efficient Water-Assisted Glass Cutting with 355 nm Picosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Markauskas Edgaras , Zubauskas Laimis , Voisiat Bogdan , Gečys Paulius
Published: May 2022

In this study, the cutting of borosilicate glass plates in ambient air and water with a 355 nm wavelength picosecond laser was carried out. Low (2.1–2.75 W) and high (15.5 W) average laser power cutting regimes were studied. Thorough attention was paid to the effect of the hatch distance on the cutting quality and characteristic strength of glass strips cut in both environments. At optimal cutting parameters, ablation efficiency and cutting rates were the highest but cut sidewalls were covered with periodically recurring ridges. Transition to smaller hatch values improved the cut sidewall quality by suppressing the ridge formation, but negatively affected the ablation efficiency and overall strength of glass strips. Glass strips cut in water in the low-laser-power regime had the highest characteristic strength of 117.6 and 107.3 MPa for the front and back sides, respectively. Cutting in a high-laser-power regime was only carried out in water. At 15.5 W, the ablation efficiency and effective cutting speed per incident laser power increased by 16% and 22%, respectively, compared with cutting in water in a low-laser-power regime.
Alkali Recovery of Bauxite Residue by Calcification
Authors: Yang Wanzhang , Ma Wenhui , Li Pengfei , Liu Zhanwei , Yan Hengwei
Published: May 2022

Bauxite residue (red mud) generated during alumina production is a highly alkaline solid waste. The red mud is mainly stored on land, but it can cause harm to the surrounding environment and human health. The transformation of red mud into soil is a feasible method for the large-scale disposal of red mud, but alkali removal is the key process that controls the transformation of red mud into soil. In this study, the calcification dealkalization of red mud with a small particle size was carried out below 100 °C. The results show that the sodium in red mud is predominately distributed in small particles, mainly because the lattice alkali and alkali present between the crystals are exposed to the surface of red mud particles by ball milling. The dealkalization process was controlled by the internal diffusion of the shrinking-core model (SCM), and the apparent activation energy was 23.55 kJ/mol. The dealkalization rate and the Na2O content of dealkalized red mud reached 92.44% and 0.61%, respectively. The dealkalization rate increased with increasing reaction time, reactant concentration, and leaching temperature, and this result was consistent with the results of the kinetic study. In addition, calcification enhances the flocculation of particles, so the filtration performance of red mud improved.