bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing TW Hydra
Authors: Sokal Kimberly R. , Deen Casey P. , Mace Gregory N. , Lee Jae-Joon , Oh Heeyoung , Kim Hwihyun , Kidder Benjamin T. , Jaffe Daniel T.
Published: January 2018

At 60 pc, TW Hydra (TW Hya) is the closest example of a star with a gas-rich protoplanetary disk, though TW Hya may be relatively old (3–15 Myr). As such, TW Hya is especially appealing for testing our understanding of the interplay between stellar and disk evolution. We present a high-resolution near-infrared spectrum of TW Hya obtained with the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) to re-evaluate the stellar parameters of TW Hya. We compare these data to synthetic spectra of magnetic stars produced by MoogStokes, and use sensitive spectral line profiles to probe the effective temperature, surface gravity, and magnetic field. A model with

K,

, and

kG best fits the near-infrared spectrum of TW Hya. These results correspond to a spectral type of M0.5 and an age of 8 Myr, which is well past the median life of gaseous disks.
Elucidating ΛCDM: Impact of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements on the Hubble Constant Discrepancy
Authors: Addison G. E. , Watts D. J. , Bennett C. L. , Halpern M. , Hinshaw G. , Weiland J. L.
Published: January 2018

We examine the impact of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale measurements on the discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant (H
0) inferred from the local distance ladder and that from Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. While the BAO data alone cannot constrain H
0, we show that combining the latest BAO results with WMAP, Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), or South Pole Telescope (SPT) CMB data produces values of H
0 that are

lower than the distance ladder, independent of Planck, and that this downward pull was less apparent in some earlier analyses that used only angle-averaged BAO scale constraints rather than full anisotropic information. At the same time, the combination of BAO and CMB data also disfavors the lower values of H
0 preferred by the Planck high-multipole temperature power spectrum. Combining galaxy and Lyα forest BAO with a precise estimate of the primordial deuterium abundance produces

km s−1 Mpc−1 for the flat

model. This value is completely independent of CMB anisotropy constraints and is

lower than the latest distance ladder constraint, although

tension also exists between the galaxy BAO and Lyα BAO. These results show that it is not possible to explain the H
0 disagreement solely with a systematic error specific to the Planck data. The fact that tensions remain even after the removal of any single data set makes this intriguing puzzle all the more challenging to resolve.
Effect of Upstream ULF Waves on the Energetic Ion Diffusion at the Earth's Foreshock. I. Theory and Simulation
Authors: Otsuka Fumiko , Matsukiyo Shuichi , Kis Arpad , Nakanishi Kento , Hada Tohru
Published: January 2018

Field-aligned diffusion of energetic ions in the Earth’s foreshock is investigated by using the quasi-linear theory (QLT) and test particle simulation. Non-propagating MHD turbulence in the solar wind rest frame is assumed to be purely transverse with respect to the background field. We use a turbulence model based on a multi-power-law spectrum including an intense peak that corresponds to upstream ULF waves resonantly generated by the field-aligned beam (FAB). The presence of the ULF peak produces a concave shape of the diffusion coefficient when it is plotted versus the ion energy. The QLT including the effect of the ULF wave explains the simulation result well, when the energy density of the turbulent magnetic field is 1% of that of the background magnetic field and the power-law index of the wave spectrum is less than 2. The numerically obtained e-folding distances from 10 to 32 keV ions match with the observational values in the event discussed in the companion paper, which contains an intense ULF peak in the spectra generated by the FAB. Evolution of the power spectrum of the ULF waves when approaching the shock significantly affects the energy dependence of the e-folding distance.
Broadband Photometric Reverberation Mapping Analysis on SDSS-RM and Stripe 82 Quasars
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Yang Qian , Wu Xue-Bing
Published: January 2018

We modified the broadband photometric reverberation mapping (PRM) code, JAVELIN, and tested the availability to get broad-line region time delays that are consistent with the spectroscopic reverberation mapping (SRM) project SDSS-RM. The broadband light curves of SDSS-RM quasars produced by convolution with the system transmission curves were used in the test. We found that under similar sampling conditions (evenly and frequently sampled), the key factor determining whether the broadband PRM code can yield lags consistent with the SRM project is the flux ratio of the broad emission line to the reference continuum, which is in line with the previous findings. We further found a critical line-to-continuum flux ratio, about 6%, above which the mean of the ratios between the lags from PRM and SRM becomes closer to unity, and the scatter is pronouncedly reduced. We also tested our code on a subset of SDSS Stripe 82 quasars, and found that our program tends to give biased lag estimations due to the observation gaps when the R-L relation prior in Markov Chain Monte Carlo is discarded. The performance of the damped random walk (DRW) model and the power-law (PL) structure function model on broadband PRM were compared. We found that given both SDSS-RM-like or Stripe 82-like light curves, the DRW model performs better in carrying out broadband PRM than the PL model.
Evidence for Precession due to Supercritical Accretion in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Authors: Weng Shan-Shan , Feng Hua
Published: January 2018

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are thought to be supercritical accreting compact objects, where massive outflows are inevitable. Using the long-term monitoring data with the Swift X-ray Telescope, we identified a common feature in bright, hard ULXs: they display a quasi-periodic modulation in their hard X-ray band but not in their soft band. As a result, some sources show a bimodal distribution on the hardness intensity map. We argue that these model-independent results can be well interpreted in a picture that involves supercritical accretion with precession, where the hard X-ray emission from the central funnel is more or less beamed, while the soft X-rays may arise from the photosphere of the massive outflow and be nearly isotropic. It implies that precession may be ubiquitous in supercritical systems, such as the Galactic microquasar SS 433. How the hard X-rays are modulated can be used to constrain the angular distribution of the hard X-ray emission and the geometry of the accretion flow. We also find that two ULX pulsars (NGC 5907 ULX-1 and NGC 7793 P13) show similar behaviors but no bimodal distribution, which may imply that they have a different beaming shape or mechanism.
Empirical Temperature Measurement in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Weaver Erik , Isella Andrea , Boehler Yann
Published: January 2018

The accurate measurement of temperature in protoplanetary disks is critical to understanding many key features of disk evolution and planet formation, from disk chemistry and dynamics, to planetesimal formation. This paper explores the techniques available to determine temperatures from observations of single, optically thick molecular emission lines. Specific attention is given to issues such as the inclusion of optically thin emission, problems resulting from continuum subtraction, and complications of real observations. Effort is also made to detail the exact nature and morphology of the region emitting a given line. To properly study and quantify these effects, this paper considers a range of disk models, from simple pedagogical models to very detailed models including full radiative transfer. Finally, we show how the use of the wrong methods can lead to potentially severe misinterpretations of data, leading to incorrect measurements of disk temperature profiles. We show that the best way to estimate the temperature of emitting gas is to analyze the line peak emission map without subtracting continuum emission. Continuum subtraction, which is commonly applied to observations of line emission, systematically leads to underestimation of the gas temperature. We further show that once observational effects such as beam dilution and noise are accounted for, the line brightness temperature derived from the peak emission is reliably within 10%–15% of the physical temperature of the emitting region, assuming optically thick emission. The methodology described in this paper will be applied in future works to constrain the temperature, and related physical quantities, in protoplanetary disks observed with ALMA.
The Detection of Hot Cores and Complex Organic Molecules in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Sewiło Marta , Indebetouw Remy , Charnley Steven B. , Zahorecz Sarolta , Oliveira Joana M. , van Loon Jacco Th. , Ward Jacob L. , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Wiseman Jennifer , Fukui Yasuo , Kawamura Akiko , Meixner Margaret , Onishi Toshikazu , Schilke Peter
Published: January 2018

We report the first extragalactic detection of the complex organic molecules (COMs) dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) and methyl formate (CH3OCHO) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). These COMs, together with their parent species methanol (CH3OH), were detected toward two 1.3 mm continuum sources in the N 113 star-forming region in the low-metallicity Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Rotational temperatures (

K) and total column densities (

cm−2) have been calculated for each source based on multiple transitions of CH3OH. We present the ALMA molecular emission maps for COMs and measured abundances for all detected species. The physical and chemical properties of two sources with COMs detection, and the association with H2O and OH maser emission, indicate that they are hot cores. The fractional abundances of COMs scaled by a factor of 2.5 to account for the lower metallicity in the LMC are comparable to those found at the lower end of the range in Galactic hot cores. Our results have important implications for studies of organic chemistry at higher redshift.
Interroger la domination partisane : quand le parti hégémonique n’est pas le parti dirigeant
Authors: Fauconnier Clémentine
Published: January 2018

Alors que le parti Russie unie, créé en 2001 pour soutenir Vladimir Poutine cette même année, domine le système partisan russe depuis quinze ans, son poids politique demeure paradoxalement faible. Il constitue ainsi un cas peu étudié dans la littérature sur les organisations partisanes : celui d’un parti hégémonique – au sens de Giovanni Sartori d’une organisation partisane qui évolue dans un système non compétitif – mais qui pourtant n’est pas un parti dirigeant et demeure un instrument entre les mains des dirigeants du pouvoir exécutif. Cet article vise à éclairer un des aspects de cette forme de domination partisane particulière en analysant les ressorts de ses victoires aux élections régionales puis législatives, dans un contexte de baisse du soutien de la part des électeurs. Il montre en effet de quelle façon, après le mouvement de protestation de l’hiver 2011-2012, les dirigeants de l’exécutif ont finalement choisi de maintenir le statu quo en garantissant la domination de Russie unie via une réforme de la législation électorale plutôt que de réformer le parti ou de renforcer son rôle dans la vie politique russe.
1917-2017 : où va la Russie ? Une puissance eurasienne dans un Nouveau Monde
Authors: Le Torrivellec Xavier
Published: January 2018

Pays victime du terrorisme islamiste, la Russie est intervenue militairement en Syrie pour protéger ses intérêts d’État multiconfessionnel. Ses succès embarrassent l’Otan mais confortent la place de la Russie comme puissance eurasienne avec laquelle il faut compter. Or, depuis la crise ukrainienne, c’est plutôt le thème de la guerre froide qui est mis en avant pour analyser la situation en Russie. Nous reviendrons sur ce « malentendu russe » qui empêche de comprendre ce qui se joue dans ce grand pays. Nous verrons comment les évolutions de l’islam de Russie impactent la vision que les Russes ont d’eux-mêmes et de leur place dans un monde en plein bouleversement. Nous analyserons le rapport qui existe entre un patriotisme à l’intérieur et un messianisme « conservateur » à l’extérieur. Et c’est en revenant sur l’histoire longue de la Russie que nous mettrons en évidence la profondeur du gouffre dans lequel l’a jetée la mondialisation : elle était un Empire et elle était socialiste, elle est un État-nation et elle est libérale.
Quand Vladimir Poutine se fait géographe...
Authors: Radvanyi Jean
Published: January 2018

Les dirigeants russes sont parfaitement conscients de la fragilité des infrastructures, du manque de cohésion du territoire russe, aggravés depuis l’éclatement de l’URSS en 1991. Déterminé à restructurer en profondeur l’ensemble des réseaux de son pays, le président Vladimir Poutine a entrepris toute une série de grands travaux en ce sens. Son rôle dans la Société russe de géographie est un élément symbolique de ce bouleversement en cours.
Guerre hybride russe dans le cyberespace
Authors: Limonier Kévin , Gérard Colin
Published: January 2018

Après les piratages des serveurs du Comité national du parti démocrate (DNC) américain et de ceux de l’équipe de campagne d’Emmanuel Macron, la visibilité des actions offensives attribuées à la Russie dans le cyberespace a considérablement augmenté. Loin d’avoir été anticipé par les pays occidentaux, ce nouveau type d’attaques se caractérise par le fait qu’il échappe aux catégories classiques de l’action cybernétique telles qu’elles ont été théorisées pendant plusieurs décennies en Europe et aux États-Unis. Ce caractère insaisissable se fondant notamment sur le rapport particulier que le gouvernement russe entretient avec le cyberespace depuis l’époque soviétique, le présent article propose d’analyser les actions attribuées à la Russie à l’aune de cette histoire. Mis en perspective avec les intérêts de la Russie contemporaine de même qu’avec la mécanique des rapports de forces dans laquelle celle-ci est investie, les héritages de l’époque soviétique connaissent en effet une spectaculaire réappropriation de la part des autorités russes.
Anatomie de l’utilisation citoyenne du Net en Russie : le cas des incendies de l’été 2010
Authors: Bertrand Eva
Published: January 2018

Une capitale asphyxiée par des nuages de fumée, des Moscovites suffoquant sous l’effet de gaz toxiques, des pompiers casqués incapables de venir à bout des incendies et des habitants luttant contre les feux armés de seaux et de pelles, telles sont les principales représentations qui, aujourd’hui encore, caractérisent les incendies qui ont affecté les régions les plus occidentales de Russie à l’été 2010. Pour contrebalancer l’incapacité des structures gouvernementales à répondre à la catastrophe, une solidarité citoyenne, impulsée par le bas et reposant sur l’engagement volontaire de tout un chacun, s’est organisée – principalement par le biais d’Internet. C’est cette utilisation d’Internet comme outil de mobilisation citoyenne, en contexte politique non démocratique, que nous analyserons. Comment sites, réseaux sociaux, blogs et forums ont-ils été utilisés pour coordonner une action et répondre aux conséquences des feux, en dehors des canaux gouvernementaux, à l’été 2010 ?
La puissance par la coercition. Le hard power russe à l’épreuve du Moyen-Orient
Authors: Delanoë Igor
Published: January 2018

La Russie se livre depuis fin septembre 2015 à une démonstration de force en Syrie dont les enjeux dépassent le strict cadre syrien. L’étalage de capacités réalisées par Moscou depuis son insertion sur le champ de bataille s’apparente, au-delà de l’opération réussie de sauvetage du régime syrien, à une projection de forces inédite pour la Russie postsoviétique qui entend s’aménager un rôle crédible de garant de la sécurité dans le Moyen-Orient post-« printemps arabes ». À ce titre, l’outil naval, mobilisé de manière précoce dès 2011, a joué son rôle d’ambassadeur de puissance en dépit des déboires rencontrés lors du dernier déploiement du groupe aéronaval russe en Méditerranée. Enfin, malgré certaines carences technologiques, le « polygone syrien » a aussi servi de vitrine pour Moscou et a pour vocation de soutenir les exportations d’armements russes, notamment au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord. Au demeurant, les résultats tardent à se faire sentir dans le carnet de commandes des armuriers russes.
L’Arctique russe, reconquête d’un front pionnier ?
Authors: Hohmann Sophie
Published: January 2018

À la faveur des grands enjeux internationaux, dont le réchauffement climatique et les questions écologiques, l’Arctique ressurgit avec vigueur sur la scène géopolitique russe dans les années 2000. La moitié des côtes arctiques sont contrôlées par la Russie et les régions arctiques russes recèlent plus de 60 % des ressources minérales et énergétiques, les enjeux sont donc gigantesques dans cette région qui présente des défis majeurs tant au plan international que national, au plan technologique qu’humain. La route du Nord, les nouvelles découvertes ainsi que la mise en œuvre de très hautes technologies permettant l’exploitation des gisements, alimentent le discours national russe faisant de l’Arctique un nouveau « front pionnier ». La mise en valeur de la grandeur passée, de la conquête de l’Arctique rouge, et du caractère absolument inédit de peuplement de cette région hostile aux humains, cultive la fabrication d’identités qui témoignent aussi de l’histoire du peuplement et des migrations spécifiques à l’Arctique.
Gut microbiota modulates type I interferon and antibody-mediated immune responses in chickens infected with influenza virus subtype H9N2
Authors: Yitbarek A. , Alkie T. , Taha-Abdelaziz K. , Astill J. , Rodriguez-Lecompte J.C. , Parkinson J. , Nagy É. , Sharif S.
Published: January 2018

Commensal gut microbes play a critical role in shaping host defences against pathogens, including influenza viruses. The current study was conducted to assess the role and mechanisms of action of commensal gut microbiota on the innate and antibody-mediated responses of layer chickens against influenza virus subtype H9N2. A total of 104 one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were assigned to either of the four treatments, which included two levels of antibiotics treatment (ABX- and ABX+) and two levels of H9N2 virus infection (H9N2- and H9N2+). At day 17 of age, chickens in the H9N2+ group were infected via the oral-nasal route with 400 μl of 107 TCID50/ml (200 μl/each route). Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 post-infection (p.i.) for virus shedding, tissue samples at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h p.i. for mRNA measurement, and serum samples at days 7 and 14 p.i. for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and IgG antibodies were collected. Virus shedding analysis showed that antibiotic treated (depleted)-H9N2 virus infected chickens showed a significantly higher oropharyngeal virus shedding at all time points, and cloacal shedding at days 3 and 5 p.i. compared to control treated (undepleted)-H9N2 infected chickens. Analysis of mRNA expression showed that infection of depleted chickens with H9N2 virus resulted in significantly down-regulated type I interferon responses both in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts compared to undepleted-H9N2 infected chickens. However, antibody-mediated immune response analysis showed a significantly higher HI antibody titre and IgG levels in the serum of chickens depleted with antibiotics and infected with H9N2 virus compared to undepleted-H9N2 infected chickens. In conclusion, findings from the current study suggest that the gut microbiota of chickens plays an important role in the initiation of innate responses against influenza virus infection, while the antibody-mediated immune response remains unaffected.
Variations in diet cause alterations in microbiota and metabolites that follow changes in disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Libbey J.E. , Sanchez J.M. , Doty D.J. , Sim J.T. , Cusick M.F. , Cox J.E. , Fischer K.F. , Round J.L. , Fujinami R.S.
Published: January 2018

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a metabolically demanding disease involving immune-mediated destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. We previously demonstrated a significant alteration in disease course in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) preclinical model of MS due to diet. Based on the established crosstalk between metabolism and gut microbiota, we took an unbiased sampling of microbiota, in the stool, and metabolites, in the serum and stool, from mice (Mus musculus) on the two different diets, the Teklad global soy protein-free extruded rodent diet (irradiated diet) and the Teklad sterilisable rodent diet (autoclaved diet). Within the microbiota, the genus Lactobacillus was found to be inversely correlated with EAE severity. Therapeutic treatment with Lactobacillus paracasei resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of disease, clinical scores and the amount of weight loss in EAE mice. Within the metabolites, we identified shifts in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle that may explain the differences in disease severity between the different diets in EAE. This work begins to elucidate the relationship between diet, microbiota and metabolism in the EAE preclinical model of MS and identifies targets for further study with the goal to more specifically probe the complex metabolic interaction at play in EAE that may have translational relevance to MS patients.
Equine endurance race pacing strategy differs between finishers and non-finishers in 120 km single-day races
Authors: Marlin D. , Williams J.
Published: January 2018

Race pace strategy has been extensively studied in human sports, such as running, cycling and swimming. In contrast, pacing strategy appears to have been virtually ignored in equestrian sport despite the potential for contributing to performance optimisation. The aim of the present study was to analyse data available in the public domain for electronically-timed FEI 120 km (single day) CEI** endurance races that took place in Europe and the Middle East in 2016 and 2017. Competition records for 389 horses in 24 races, each consisting of 4 phases (loops/laps), were evaluated; 56% (n=219) of horses successfully completed the races analysed, with the remaining 44% (n=170) not finishing. The majority of horses that did not finish were withdrawn for gait related reasons (n=125; 74%). Across the duration of the races, horses that successfully finished recorded 7% slower average speeds (P=0.0001) compared to those that did not finish. Loop (lap) speed decreased sequentially throughout races from loop 1 > loop 2 > loop 3 for both the horses that completed and those that failed to complete, but the rate of decrease was greater in horses that did not complete. Horses withdrawn at the first veterinary check for ‘gait’ recorded a 36% faster average speed than those withdrawn at the finish (P=0.0001). Horses withdrawn for ‘metabolic’ reasons at the finish recorded a significant increase in loop speed from loop 3 to the final loop (P=0.02), with their speed increasing by an average of 7% on the final loop. Horses that failed to finish races completed loop 1 at a faster speed than those horses that finished and subsequently had a greater reduction in speed across the remaining loops. In contrast, horses that finished successfully had a slower loop 1 speed and completed subsequent loops at a higher percentage of their loop 1 speed. Consideration of race pace strategy in equine endurance racing may be a tool to reduce gait and metabolic eliminations and increase the chance of completion.
Pursuing Improvement in Clinical Reasoning: The Integrated Clinical Education Theory
Authors: Jessee Mary Ann
Published: January 2018

Background:

The link between clinical education and development of clinical reasoning is not well supported by one theoretical perspective. Learning to reason during clinical education may be best achieved in a supportive sociocultural context of nursing practice that maximizes reasoning opportunities and facilitates discourse and meaningful feedback. Prelicensure clinical education seldom incorporates these critical components and thus may fail to directly promote clinical reasoning skill.

Method:

Theoretical frameworks supporting the development of clinical reasoning during clinical education were evaluated. Analysis of strengths and gaps in each framework's support of clinical reasoning development was conducted. Commensurability of philosophical underpinnings was confirmed, and complex relationships among key concepts were elucidated.

Results:

Six key concepts and three tenets comprise an explanatory predictive theory—the integrated clinical education theory (ICET).

Conclusion:

ICET provides critical theoretical support for inquiry and action to promote clinical education that improves development of clinical reasoning skill. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):7–13.]
Factors Influencing the Development of Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Chin , Jensen Francine , Measom Gary , Bennett Sean , Nichols Nyree Dawn , Wiggins Linda , Anderton Adam
Published: January 2018

Background:

The study purposes were to assess the cultural competence level and to identify factors that influence the development of cultural competence in undergraduate nursing students.

Method:

This quantitative study using a comparative and predictive design was conducted to recruit 106 undergraduate nursing students from a university by sending e-mails to all randomly selected Associate in Science in Nursing and RN-to-Bachelor of Science in Nursing students for participation. Each student participated voluntarily to self-administer a demographic survey and the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence among Healthcare Professionals–Student Version (IAPCC-SV
©
).

Results:

The summated score of 20 questions of the IAPCC-SV among the participating students was 61.70, indicating a culturally competent level. Approximately 51% of the variation in the cultural competence level could be attributed to the predictor of cultural encounters. The second strongest predictor was the cultural knowledge.

Conclusion:

Further research should focus on identifying cost-effective teaching and learning strategies using the concept of cultural encounters and cultural knowledge to increase students' exposures to individuals from other cultures. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):40–43.]
A Comprehensive Approach to Undergraduate Nursing Students' Research Experiences
Authors: Coyne Bethany M. , Kennedy Christine , Self Abigail , Bullock Linda
Published: January 2018

Background:

As the demands for high-quality nursing care increase and organizations are held accountable for patient outcomes, health care must be driven by research and evidence-based practice (EBP). Historically, prelicensure nursing students have expressed little interest in these topics as they focus on establishing the clinical skills necessary to provide care and have found that courses on nursing research are not clinically relevant.

Method:

This article presents one institution's approach to undergraduate nursing research education by three initiatives: (a) a summer research program, (b) a distinguished major program, and (c) an EBP approach in the undergraduate nursing research course.

Results:

The results of these initiatives have demonstrated positive outcomes in three areas: practice improvements, knowledge dissemination, and student interest in research and further professional development.

Conclusion:

These programs have proven to be clinically beneficial, while increasing student interest in research and further nursing education. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):58–62.]
800 anos de ocupação da Tradição Polícroma da Amazônia: um panorama histórico no Baixo Rio Solimões
Authors: Tamanaha Eduardo Kazuo , Neves Eduardo Góes
Published: January 2018

Este artigo apresenta dados sobre o processo de ocupação de sítios com depósitos associados à cerâmica Guarita, da Tradição Polícroma da Amazônia, na região do Baixo Rio Solimões, no Amazonas. Essas ocupações estão relacionadas aos últimos grupos ceramistas que se estabeleceram na região desde o século VIII d.C. até o século XVI d.C. Por meio do exame do contexto arqueológico de sete sítios pré-coloniais e da análise tecnomorfológica da cerâmica, foi possível identificar semelhanças e diferenças entre duas áreas do Baixo Rio Solimões. A partir disso, propõe-se uma hipótese para a história de ocupação dos grupos ceramistas vinculados à Tradição Polícroma da Amazônia.
“E se todos fossem arqueólogos?”: experiências na Terra Indígena Wajãpi
Authors: Cabral Mariana Petry
Published: January 2018

Partindo de um interesse em pensar a relação entre arqueologia e antropologia, apresento neste artigo a experiência de uma pesquisa em que as fronteiras disciplinares são fluidas e flexíveis. O mote da minha reflexão é a prática de uma pesquisa de arqueologia com um grupo indígena do tronco tupi, os Wajãpi do Amapá. Com o desenrolar da pesquisa, ficou claro que, além dos sítios arqueológicos, havia muito para conhecer sobre o que os Wajãpi pensam a respeito dos sítios. Sem falar no que os Wajãpi conhecem sobre outras coisas que nós arqueólogos não consideramos sítios, mas que podem funcionar como sítios nos seus próprios termos. Com isso, eu me voltei a conhecer a maneira como os Wajãpi constroem narrativas sobre o passado utilizando vestígios, os traços materiais que seguem disponíveis hoje na sua terra. Ao pensar a arqueologia como uma prática de sentido, vejo esse processo de construção de relações entre os vestígios materiais e o conhecimento wajãpi como uma versão da arqueologia. Neste artigo, apresento alguns exemplos deste processo para argumentar que as aproximações disciplinares podem ser férteis e produtivas.
Olhares e perspectivas que fabricam a diversidade do passado e do presente: por uma arqueologia etnográfica das bacias dos rios Trombetas e Nhamundá
Authors: Queiroz Ruben Caixeta de
Published: January 2018

O artigo discute as possibilidades de colaboração entre etnologia e arqueologia, a partir de uma análise dos processos de formação, concentração e dispersão dos grupos indígenas do complexo cultural Tarumã-Parukoto (que hoje ocupam a região de fronteira entre Brasil, Guiana e Suriname). Nesta região da Amazônia e alhures, dificilmente podemos delimitar onde começa e termina as fronteiras de um grupo social ou étnico e, dessa forma, torna-se quase impossível fazer coincidir precisamente um determinado grupo étnico a um determinado território. Não passado e no presente, as fronteiras fluidas dos grupos, móveis no espaço e no tempo, revelam-se um desafio ainda maior para a perspectiva de trabalho em conjunto entre etnologia e arqueologia.
IMPACTOS DA INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NA CRIAÇÃO E CAPTURA DE VALOR NA VENDA DE MÚSICA GRAVADA
Authors: Riedel Felipe De Gusmão , Zilber Moisés Ari , Vasconcelos Juliana Guerra , Vargas Claudio , Boghossian Rebeca , Magalhães Thiago
Published: January 2018

A indústria da música gravada vem sendo afetada por mudanças no ambiente tecnológico, principalmente relacionadas às tecnologias digitais e o impacto dessas novas tecnologias no comportamento do consumidor em relação à música gravada. Novas organizações surgiram e conseguiram aproveitar a inovação tecnológica para desenvolver serviços digitais que conseguiram criar valor para o consumidor, enquanto capturavam valor para criar um negócio sustentável. Esta pesquisa visa verificar a associação dessas inovações tecnológicas com a criação e captura de valor, como forma de explicar seu surgimento e crescimento. Este estudo pretende preencher uma lacuna conceitual que existe em relação à dinâmica populacional das organizações no mercado de música gravada, ao mesmo tempo, avançar nas pesquisas sobre a influência dos processos de inovação tecnológica e a criação e captura de valor das novas organizações na indústria da música gravada.
Perceptions of human resource professionals of challenges to and strategies for retaining managers
Authors: Uitzinger Danielle , Chrysler-Fox Pharny , Thomas Adèle
Published: January 2018

Orientation: Retaining and developing talented top- and middle-level managers who possess organisational-specific skills and experience promotes competitive advantage for organisations and is a long-term investment.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore challenges to retention and effective retention strategies for top- and middle-level managers.Motivation for the study: Human resource (HR) managers are facing difficulties retaining managers as a result of ineffective retention strategies. This study aims to provide insight into suggested strategies to retain such managers.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey, using an instrument developed from the literature, was completed by 97 HR management professionals registered with the South African Board of People Practices. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted as well as group comparisons.Main findings: Results revealed that leadership and performance management practices are considered to be effective retention strategies for top- and middle-level managers.Practical and managerial implications: Having a deeper understanding of effective retention strategies for top- and middle-level managers can assist HR professionals in retaining these employees.Contribution or value add: This study adds to the insights of HR professionals, line managers and leaders in organisations regarding retention challenges and effective retention strategies for top- and middle-level managers.
Food security, wheat production and policy in South Africa: Reflections on food sustainability and challenges for a market economy
Authors: De Wet Francois , Liebenberg Ian
Published: January 2018

The traditional concept of security has broadened over the past decades. Food security in South Africa is an imperative for human and non-human survival. In the contemporary political economy, there is a real nexus between globalisation, exploitation, the state, scarcity of resources, the market, peoples’ need to feel secure, notions of state responsibility and food production. Political economy and human security in theoretical debates and face-to-face politics are intrinsically linked. The notion of a ‘secure community’ changed. Food security and the right to quality living became a social imperative. Understanding current agricultural economics requires the ability to link security and access to food for all. In this case study, wheat production in South Africa is addressed against the interface of the global and the local including South Africa’s transition to a democratic and constitutional state with a Bill of Rights. The current security approach represents a more comprehensive understanding of what security is meant to be and include, amongst others, housing security, medical security, service delivery and food security, as set out in the Millennium Development Goals and the subsequent Sustainable Development Goals. The issue of food security is addressed here with particular reference to wheat production, related current government policies and the market economy. The authors chose to limit their socio-economic focus to a specific sector of the agricultural market, namely wheat, rather than discuss food security in South Africa in general. Wheat was chosen as a unit of analysis because as a crop, wheat used in bread is one of the staples for the majority of South Africans and given the current negative economic developments, wheat as a staple is likely to remain integral, if not increasing its status of dependability
Adoption and Use of Digital Media in Election Campaigns: Australia, Canada and New Zealand Compared
Authors: Chen Peter John , Smith Peter Jay
Published: January 2018

This article examines the role of digital media in three recent national election campaigns: Australia in 2007 and Canada and New Zealand in 2008 . Examining the process of technology adoption and strategic use by parties and individual candidates, it explores similarities and differences in the use of these evolving campaigning channels. Against the current literature on variables influencing technology adoption, specific attention is given to the use of different communication channels as tools to target specific audiences, the adoption of a wide variety of technologies to ensure broad (‘mass’) reach, and the co-ordination of messages across different platforms. The analysis aims to identify structural, organisational, technological and cultural determinants of variation in the adoption and deployment of these technologies.
Strategic communication and anti-smoking campaigns
Authors: Mahoney Jim
Published: January 2018

Worldwide consumer education programs, often fear-based, designed to convince young people to stop cigarette smoking have had mixed success. This paper reviews literature on the effectiveness of anti-smoking campaigns directed at young people and presents findings from research that examined the attitudes of 234 university students towards such campaigns. The research findings, and approaches to strategic communication, are used to argue anti-smoking campaigns might be more effective in generating behavioural change among young smokers if they applied two-way techniques rather than symbolic tactics that characterise current efforts.
Public relations, football and the management of player transgressions in Australia
Authors: Trosby Erik
Published: January 2018

Player transgressions have become an increasingly common part of the Australian sporting landscape and can lead to serious reputational and financial damage for sporting organisations, if not managed properly. Using a series of in-depth interviews with media and communication managers across the Hyundai A-League, this study explores how football (soccer) clubs in Australia use public relations strategies and tactics when managing player transgressions. Based on its findings, the study delivers recommendations for public relations practice.
Future trends in social media use for strategic organisation communication: Results of a Delphi study
Authors: Linke Anne , Zerfass Ansgar
Published: January 2018

This article examines current uses of social media for communication by enterprises, political organisations and non-profit organisations (NPOs) and identifies likely future trends. Based on a quantitative online survey among 860 communication professionals in Germany and a follow-up qualitative Delphi study with 32 identified experts from the organisational communication profession and academia, it explores the status quo and aims to identify future directions. While organisations show more advanced structures for social media communication compared to earlier research findings, the empirical data also identifies many shortcomings. The potentials of social media communication are not fully exploited due to missing prerequisites including governance structures, rules and resources. Looking into the future, the Delphi panel suggests that dedicated budgets, social media guidelines and other structural aspects will increase in the near future. However, many organisations will find specific ways to deal with the issue and common strategies are rare. At the same time, according to the qualitative findings, social media evaluation and cooperation across the boundaries of departments and organisational functions are likely to stay underdeveloped.
“Entertainment for Retirement?”: Silvergamers and the Internet
Authors: Schultheiss Daniel
Published: January 2018

In recent years, Internet video gaming has grown exponentially amongst a non-traditional and non-targeted group of gamers: those over 50 years of age. In the United States alone, elderly gamers have grown from nine percent of all gamers in 1999 to over 25 percent of all gamers as of 2009. The current study specifically examines elderly peoples’ usage behaviors with Internet-based video games. Such participation has been aided by the fact that games are social in nature and are accessible in terms ownership and operation. The process of becoming an Internet gamer therefore requires little more than a simple computer, an Internet connection, and a desire to be entertained. Results show that so-called “silvergamers” prefer casual games as opposed to more complex and persistent games. In addition, this paper raises further insights into their behaviour as users, including usage time and expenses for game usage, and situates them within the context of elderly gamers as an economic potential group to be targeted more.
Besieged at home: Jimmy Governor’s rampage
Authors: Biber Katherine
Published: January 2018

In July 1900, Jimmy Governor and his brother Joe commenced their murderous rampage across central New South Wales, killing nine women and children, maiming others, and raping a teenage girl. They were pursued for three months across 3000 kilometres, taunting their hunters with clues, letters and tricks. The last men in the state to be proclaimed outlaws, their pursuit and capture fascinated and terrified a nation on the eve of its Federation.

After his conviction, Governor’s execution was delayed until after the conclusion of Federation celebrations; even a fragile nation understood the perilous symbolism of launching nationhood whilst hanging a transgressive black man.

This article re-examines the crimes, evidence and trial of Governor, and the intense media reportage around them. It reveals a perpetually contested claim for control: of the family, the workplace, race, nation and empire.
Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day
Authors: Yan Yingying , Lin Jintai , He Cenlin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In the United States, the decline of summertime daytime peak ozone in the last 20 years has been clearly connected to reductions in anthropogenic emissions. However, questions remain about how and through what mechanisms ozone at other times of day have changed over recent decades. Here we analyze the interannual variability and trends of ozone at different hours of day, using observations from about 1000 US sites during 1990–2014. We find a clear diurnal cycle both in the magnitude of ozone trends and in the relative importance of climate variability versus anthropogenic emissions to ozone changes. Interannual climate variability has mainly been associated with the detrended fluctuation in the US annual daytime ozone over 1990–2014, with a much smaller effect on the nighttime ozone. Reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides have led to substantial growth in the US annual average nighttime ozone due to reduced ozone titration, while the summertime daytime ozone has declined. Environmental policymaking might consider further improvements to reduce ozone levels at night and other non-peak hours.
Radiative absorption enhancement of dust mixed with anthropogenic pollution over East Asia
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Ma Jianmin , Tang Kai , Xu Lili , Wang Yuan , Cao Xianjie , Liang Jiening , Ji Yuemeng , Jiang Jonathan H. , Yung Yuk L. , Zhang Renyi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The particle mixing state plays a significant yet poorly quantified role in aerosol radiative forcing, especially for the mixing of dust (mineral absorbing) and anthropogenic pollution (black carbon absorbing) over East Asia. We have investigated the absorption enhancement of mixed-type aerosols over East Asia by using the Aerosol Robotic Network observations and radiative transfer model calculations. The mixed-type aerosols exhibit significantly enhanced absorbing ability than the corresponding unmixed dust and anthropogenic aerosols, as revealed in the spectral behavior of absorbing aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedo, and imaginary refractive index. The aerosol radiative efficiencies for the dust, mixed-type, and anthropogenic aerosols are −101.0, −112.9 and −98.3 Wm−2 τ−1 at the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA), −42.3, −22.5 and −39.8 Wm−2 τ−1 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), and 58.7, 90.3 and 58.5 Wm−2 τ−1 in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. The BOA cooling and ATM heating efficiencies of the mixed-type aerosols are significantly higher than those of the unmixed aerosol types over the East Asia region, resulting in atmospheric stabilization. In addition, the mixed-type aerosols correspond to a lower TOA cooling efficiency, indicating that the cooling effect by the corresponding individual aerosol components is partially counteracted. We conclude that the interaction between dust and anthropogenic pollution not only represents a viable aerosol formation pathway but also results in unfavorable dispersion conditions, both exacerbating the regional air pollution in East Asia. Our results highlight the necessity to accurately account for the mixing state of aerosols in atmospheric models over East Asia, in order to better understand the formation mechanism for regional air pollution and to assess its impacts on human health, weather, and climate.
Global Warming Potentials for the C1-C3 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Included in the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal
Protocol
Authors: Papanastasiou Dimitrios K. , Beltrone Allison , Marshall Paul , Burkholder James B.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are ozone depleting substances and potent greenhouse gases that are controlled under the Montreal Protocol. However, the majority of the 274 HCFCs included in Annex C of the protocol do not have reported global warming potentials (GWPs) that are used to guide the phase-out of HCFCs and the future phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). In this study, GWPs for all C1-C3 HCFCs included in Annex C are reported based on estimated atmospheric lifetimes and theoretical methods used to calculate infrared absorption spectra. Atmospheric lifetimes were estimated from a structure activity relationship (SAR) for OH radical reactivity and estimated O(1D) reactivity and UV photolysis loss processes. The HCFCs display a wide range of lifetimes and GWPs dependent on their molecular structure and H-atom content of the individual HCFC. The results from this study provide reliable policy relevant GWP metrics for the HCFCs included in the Montreal Protocol in the absence of experimentally derived metrics.