bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) in Implementing the Cost Leadership Strategy and Rationalizing Operational Decisions (An Applied Study in the Baghdad Soft Drinks Company)
Authors: AL-Zubaidi Azhar Ghailan Marhoon , Al-Zameli Ali Abdul-Hussein Hani , Agrab Asaad Sasaa
Published: July 2022

Thecurrentresearch aims to address the knowledge bases of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) and determiningits role in implementing the cost leadership strategy and rationalizing operational decisions in a way that is compatible. The research was applied in theBaghdad Company for Soft Drinks for data for the year 2020. The current research concluded possibility applicationmaterial flow cost accounting (MFCA) in the research sample company, as the company was divided into quantity centers and calculating costs for each center with regard to the costs of materials, energy, system and waste management. The research concluded that the application (MFCA) can help in implementing a cost leadership strategy and rationalizing operational decisions.
Wheelchair Assistance and Guidance Using IOT
Authors: nd Aravi , gul Ra , ulraja Gok , anya Sug
Published: July 2022

A Smart Wheelchair is a Power Wheelchair with numerous sensors, assistive technology, and computers built in that allow a disabled person to travel around freely and safely. People with disabilities, such as impairments, handicaps, and life-altering injuries, are the users. The conventional wheelchairs are being increasingly replaced by these new models. Only 5 to 15% of the 70 million disabled individuals worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), have access to wheelchairs. As a result, we must supply a cost-effective Smart that uses cutting-edge components and technology while keeping costs to a minimum. They have embraced a number of technologies, including artificial intelligence, where they created an autonomous wheelchair that used machine learning principles to travel. Some of them have also used the Internet of Things to manage the wheelchair using a voice recognition system. This report will outline an inexpensive Smart Wheelchair-based Arduino Nano microcontroller and Internet of Things (IoT) technology that has a number of features to help disabled people, particularly poor people who cannot afford an expensive Smart Wheelchair, get the assistance they need to complete daily tasks without help. As a result of this project, a variety of disabled people will be able to afford smart wheelchairs. It will be powered by Arduino Nano, ESP-12e module for Wi-Fi access, MPU6050 for fall detection with voice message notification using IFTTT platform, obstacle detection with buzzer and LED for hazard detection, voice recognition system, and joysticks for wheelchair control.
Prospecção Tecnológica do Queijo de Leite de Cabra Tipo Coalho Condimentado e do não Condimentado
Authors: Lima Thamirys Lorranne Santos , Alves Rerisson do Nascimento , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo , Rocha Thayse Cavalcante da , Gonçalves Mônica Correia
Published: July 2022

O queijo Coalho é um dos produtos lácteos com o maior volume de fabricação e de consumo na Região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo produzido, principalmente, nos estados do Ceará, do Rio Grande do Norte, da Paraíba e de Pernambuco. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi realizar o levantamento da quantidade de patentes, artigos, teses e dissertações a partir de termos específicos relacionados a queijo Coalho de leite de cabra como “queijo Coalho caprino, embalagem, produção e novos produtos”. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados do United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), da Intellectual Property Digital Library da World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), do European Patent Office(Espacenet), do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), do Periódicos CAPES, da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), do Google Acadêmico e da Science Direct. Os resultados demostraram, considerando todas as bases pesquisadas, que existem 30 patentes e 12 documentos acadêmicos acerca do tema, abrindo-se uma nova perspectiva de pesquisa e inovação para o queijo de leite de cabra tipo Coalho condimentado e o não condimentado.
Mapeamento‌ ‌Tecnológico‌ ‌e‌ ‌Científico‌ ‌de‌ ‌Novas‌ ‌Composições‌ ‌Inibidoras‌ ‌de‌ ‌Corrosão‌ ‌
Authors: Morais Williams Raphael , Silva Jaceguai Soares da , Alves Gleybhson Felipe dos Santos , Silva Karolina Bertulino da , Zanta Carmem Lúcia de Paiva e Silva , Tonholo Josealdo
Published: July 2022

A corrosão pode ser definida como a deterioração que ocorre quando um material (normalmente um metal) reage com seu ambiente, levando à perda de suas propriedades. Esses processos corrosivos causam grandes problemas nas mais variadas atividades, como nas da indústria química e petrolífera, dos meios de transportes e de comunicação, da odontologia, da medicina, de obras de arte. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo objetivou realizar um levantamento dos tipos de inibidores de corrosão, bem como das suas aplicabilidades, das principais substâncias e/ou dos materiais aplicados com essa finalidade. Para tal, foram efetuadas buscas em bases de natureza tecnológica e em bases de produção científica. Também foram recuperados 20 códigos distintos, de acordo com aInternational Patent Classification (IPC). O mapeamento realizado mostrou que os estudos sobre inibidores de corrosão têm crescido com o passar dos anos, principalmente nos últimos 10 anos.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Patentes Relativas a Proteases na Produção de Queijos
Authors: Lima Amanda Dias da Rocha , Farias Vilmara Albuquerque de , Oliveira Hermógenes David de
Published: July 2022

As proteases são importantes insumos para o mercado mundial de enzimas, destacando-se, dentre outras aplicações, no processo de coagulação do leite para a produção de queijos. Diante disso, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a inovação no uso de proteases na indústria de alimentos, especialmente na fabricação de queijos, por meio da análise de patentes nas bases de dados Espacenet e do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Foram recuperadas 3.402 (Espacenete INPI) patentes com proteases, sendo 93 com proteases vegetais. Uma busca mais específica e relacionada à fabricação de queijos, resultou 19 patentes com proteases (Espacenet e INPI); e três, com proteases vegetais (Espacenet). Em ambos os cenários, os principais investidores identificados foram empresas, e o Brasil mostrou-se praticamente ausente nessa área de inovação. Os resultados demonstraram, portanto, que a inovação em proteases vegetais para fabricação de queijos é uma rota interessante para novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Análise Exploratória de Patentes Relacionadas a Softwares de Gestão Estratégica
Authors: Rêgo Sérgio Alexandre Tosta Guimarães , Souza Lenilson Marques de , Juiz Paulo José Lima
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar, por meio de uma prospecção tecnológica, as patentes depositadas na área de softwares estratégicos para gestão, cujo cenário parece seguir a tendência de concentração de novas tecnologias em poucas empresas estrangeiras. Foram encontradas 2.127 patentes que se enquadram nos parâmetros definidos deste estudo. A consulta aos dados gerou um horizonte de tempo de cerca de 20 anos, com as primeiras patentes na área solicitadas no ano de 1998. Os resultados mostraram que os pedidos de prioridade estão concentrados em apenas seis países ou áreas, a saber, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Coreia do Sul, Organização Europeia de Patentes, Japão e Índia. No Brasil, os dados dos depósitos de patentes apontam uma provável estratégia de proteção ao mercado-alvo das empresas detentoras das tecnologias.
Yacon‌ ‌(‌Smallanthus‌ ‌Sonchifollius‌)‌ ‌em‌ ‌Alimentos:‌ ‌uma‌ ‌prospecção‌ ‌tecnológica‌
Authors: Angonese Mariana , Motta Gabriel Emiliano , Müller José Miguel
Published: July 2022

O yacon (Smallanthus sonchifollius) é uma raiz originária dos vales andinos reconhecida por seus altos teores de frutooligossacarídeos (FOSs) do tipo inulina, amplamente associados a efeitos prebióticos e funcionais. Seu consumo majoritariamente in natura e seus efeitos comprovadamente benéficos à saúde humana apontam potencial inovador para o seu uso em elaborações de produtos alimentares. Bases de dados latino-americanas apontam poucos depósitos envolvendo yacon, apesar de ser essa a sua origem botânica. Das mais de 3.500 patentes identificadas na base European Patent Office (Espacenet), apenas 74, de diferentes famílias, envolvem aplicação de yacon em alimentos, sendo em sua maioria de origem chinesa e sul-coreana, industrial e com depósitos efetuados de 2014 a 2016. Entre os produtos registrados, mais de 85% envolvem bebidas não alcoólicas e/ou ingredientes, com os códigos A23L 2/02, A23L 33/105, A23L 33/00, A23L 2/52, verificando-se uma lacuna a ser explorada para bebidas alcoólicas e outros fins.
Mapeamento Prospectivo das Tecnologias Envolvidas na Modelagem e Simulação do Fermentado Alcoólico do Tomate e seus Resíduos
Authors: Vieira Rosana Correia , Brainer Nívea dos , Holanda Rafael da Silva oliveira de , Vieira Wedja Timóteo , Soletti João Inácio , Balliano Tatiane Luciano , Almeida Renata Maria Rosas Garcia
Published: July 2022

O Brasil destaca-se por ter a maior produção mundial de frutos. Contudo, o desperdício pós-colheita de algumas culturas causa prejuízos, gerando a necessidade de se desenvolver processos biotecnológicos que permitam a redução de perdas e também a utilização de resíduos. Nesse sentido, a elaboração de bebidas fermentadas representa alternativa de aproveitamento e com perspectiva promissora de consumo. Isso posto, o presente trabalho objetivou o mapeamento prospectivo das tecnologias envolvidas na modelagem e na simulação do fermentado alcóolico do tomate, por meio de buscas em bancos de dados de patentes e de artigos científicos, nacionais e internacionais, utilizando-se as palavras-chaves “wine”, “kinetics of fermentation”, “alcoholicfermented”, “modelling” e “tomato”. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que há poucos estudos voltados para tal tecnologia, tanto nos bancos de dados de artigos como de patentes.
Educação Empreendedora na Base da Inovação: análise de um Case de sucesso no empreendedorismo catarinense de base universitária
Authors: Saraiva Illyushin Zaak , Butzen Eduardo , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza
Published: July 2022

A Educação Empreendedora pode ser entendida como uma metodologia educacional voltada a desenvolver competências individuais relacionadas à geração de valor para a comunidade e à competência em inovar e agir de forma autônoma, buscando a sustentabilidade, e a literatura brasileira e estrangeira apresenta exemplos de atividades educacionais nas quais foi possível despertar em estudantes de diversos níveis características típicas do empreendedor, como agente promotor do empreendedorismo. Este trabalho exploratório e descritivo busca identificar possíveis elos entre a adoção de Atividades Educacionais de Formação em Empreendedorismo (AEFEs) em turmas da disciplina Empreendedorismo em cursos de Bacharelado em Engenharia, em um campus de um Instituto Federal do Estado de Santa Catarina, e os resultados obtidos pelos alunos em concursos e competições de ideias de negócio organizados pelo Sebrae-SC e pelo Governo Estadual. Resultados mostram correlação entre o número de alunos inscritos em concursos e o número de trabalhos classificados, concluindo-se ser positiva a metodologia adotada na disciplina.
Uma Análise da Elaboração de Cenários em Instituições Brasileiras
Authors: Nascimento Desirée Emelly Gomes , Gomes Érika Santos , Oliveira Lúcia Martins Pereira de , Souza Marcel Mendes de , Oliveira Raimundo Correa de
Published: July 2022

A elaboração de cenários torna-se uma ferramenta indispensável ao planejamento estratégico da organização, possibilitando desenvolver descrições plausíveis e consistentes de situações futuras possíveis. Este estudo propôs investigar se as instituições brasileiras, públicas ou privadas, utilizam a elaboração de cenários em seu planejamento estratégico. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, identificando-se 415 artigos relevantes, sendo a base de dados Web of Science a que se destacou, dos quais 11 trabalhos foram analisados na íntegra. Em relação à tipologia de cenários, obtiveram-se cinco artigos classificados como “Normativos”, quatro como “Exploratórios” e dois como “Preditivos”. Destaca-se o setor energético como a área de atuação que mais utilizou a elaboração de cenários. A Matriz SWOT, Progressão Linear, Surveys e Workshops foram identificados como ferramentas de auxílio para a elaboração de cenários. De maneira geral, observou-se que a elaboração de cenários no Brasil ainda precisa ser mais explorada pelas instituições.
Mapeamento Tecnológico sobre as Técnicas de Obtenção de Óleo de Resíduos de Peixe
Authors: Ferreira Amanda Guimarães , Braga Patricia Regina Sobral
Published: July 2022

A pesca é uma atividade econômica significativa, pois possui importância na alimentação humana. Entretanto tal atividade gera um grande volume de resíduos. Esses rejeitos podem ser utilizados como matéria-prima na produção de subprodutos do pescado. Dentre as maneiras de agregar valor aos resíduos estão: consumo animal, consumo humano, produção de farinha, obtenção de colágeno, preparação de biodiesel ou a produção de óleo de peixe. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a realização de um mapeamento tecnológico para conhecer as técnicas de extração de óleo a partir dos resíduos de peixe. Para a realização do artigo foi realizada uma busca em bancos de patentes (INPI, EPO, JPO e USPTO) assim como a utilização da ferramenta Orbit® Intelligence. A maioria das patentes encontradas é chinesa, e a principal técnica utilizada para obtenção do óleo baseia-se na limpeza dos resíduos, com posterior corte, cocção, prensagem e centrifugação.
Desafios da Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia no Ambiente Acadêmico: o caso da Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP)
Authors: Ribeiro Marcell Coutinho , Soares Antonio Augusto Costa , Mendonça Cláudio Márcio Campos de
Published: July 2022

A ex-presidente da República, Dilma Rousseff sancionou, em 11 de janeiro de 2016, a Lei n. 13.243/2016, após vários anos de tramitação no Congresso Nacional. Tal medida visava a alterar a legislação vigente no intuito de transpor gargalos burocráticos que inibiam o desenvolvimento científico, à pesquisa, à capacitação científica e tecnológica e à inovação. Nesse diapasão, o dispositivo legal alterou grande parte do arcabouço jurídico então vigente com o objetivo de alavancar, no País, o funcionamento eficaz da Tripla Hélice, tal como idealizada no modelo de (ETZKOWITZ, 2003). A lei sancionada pela então presidente tornou-se o Marco Legal da Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia levando as instituições de ensino superior a implementar medidas em adequação ao novo modelo, tal qual ocorreu com a Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP) ao publicar, em 24 de julho de 2018, a Resolução n. 25/2018, estabelecendo a Política de Inovação, Propriedade Intelectual e Transferência de Tecnologia para o ambiente produtivo.
Avanços Tecnológicos no Ensino de Odontologia: mapeamento de patentes sobre o uso de simuladores
Authors: Reis Marcello Carvalho dos , Martinez Maria Elisa Marciano , Gondim Victor José Timbó , Pinheiro Islla Ribeiro , Alexandria Auzuir Ripardo de
Published: July 2022

Este artigo realizou um mapeamento patentário sobre a educação em odontologia, que se utiliza principalmente de simuladores, uma vez que se sabe que a excelência do aprendizado depende do desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas e motoras de modo prático e que uma das utilidades do mapeamento patentário tecnológico da atividade é obter a evolução tecnológica de um determinado assunto, neste caso: o uso de simuladores em odontologia. A evolução temporal dos documentos patentários apresentou três picos (em 1997; de 2001 a 2003; e de 2007 a 2011). No entanto, foi possível destacar o modelo de simulador de articuladores com 45 documentos patentários, representando 38% dos documentos relevantes. Destes, 10 documentos encontram-se no pico entre 2007 e 2011. Acredita-se que a partir desse mapeamento, é possível subsidiar estratégias de inovação tecnológica e auxiliar na promoção de pesquisas e de desenvolvimentos focados na melhoria da qualidade da educação em odontologia.
Mapeamento Patentário Sobre as Tecnologias Aeroespaciais das Instituições de Pesquisa e das Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Reis Marcello Carvalho dos , Wehmann Claus Franz , Martinez Maria Elisa Marciano , Reis Patrícia Carvalho dos
Published: July 2022

A inovação tecnológica possui grande relevância na indústria aeroespacial, uma vez que seus produtos envolvem tecnologia na fronteira do conhecimento, com níveis de maturidade tecnológica muito baixa e com incertezas quanto ao sucesso, tornam-se poucas atrativas para o setor privado. Neste estudo, foi realizado um mapeamento patentário por atividade com o intuito de obter os documentos protegidos no Brasil relacionados à tecnologia aeroespacial, observando, assim, como essas instituições estão protegendo suas inovações, além disso, foi possível utilizar essas informações como fonte direta de dados. As principais tecnologias aeroespaciais obtidas foram: métodos e sistemas (45%); e veículo cosmonáutico, satélites artificiais e peças de veículos (36%). Do total de documentos encontrados, 62% foram depositados por Indústrias de Interesse da Defesa; e 32% de Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa. Além disso, conclui-se que as pesquisas das Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa têm foco em pesquisas complementares às pesquisas das Indústrias de Interesse da Defesa.
Novos Derivados de Plantas Medicinais para Tratamento da Tuberculose em Documentos de Patente
Authors: Ferreira Neto Paula Teixeira Pinto , Tellis Carla Junqueira Moragas , Pimenta Fabrícia Pires
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho realizou uma prospecção tecnológica a partir de patentes para identificação de derivados das plantas medicinais para o tratamento da tuberculose. O uso de patentes como fonte de informação pode otimizar o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos para o tratamento da tuberculose. A identificação de novas tecnologias foi realizada pelo portal Orbit Intelligence, utilizando a sentença “(+tuberculos+)/TI/AB AND (A61K OR A61P)/IPC AND PRD >= 2015” como estratégia de pesquisa. Foram identificadas 16 famílias de patentes apresentando derivados de plantas medicinais com evidência de eficácia in vitro contra cepas resistentes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A proteção patentária dos produtos naturais identificados está restrita aos países dos detentores dos novos produtos: China, República da Coreia e Rússia. A maior parte dos derivados de plantas medicinais identificados são substâncias isoladas, principalmente flavonoides e terpenos, extraídos de diferentes espécies de plantas, caracterizando-se, dessa forma como, fitofármacos.
Transformações no espaço rural gaúcho
Authors: Beling Helena Maria , Webler Cancelier Janete , Flores Carmen Rejane
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho objetiva compreender as transformações no espaço rural do Pampa Gaúcho. Está embasado em análise qualitativa, e os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram o levantamento e a análise do material bibliográfico, a coleta foto- gráfica obtida através de trabalhos de campo, a análise e a organização, realizando o cruzamento dos dados e das informações. As transformações no espaço rural do Bioma Pampa no Rio Grande do Sul são notórias, sobretudo, pela modernização tecnológica da agricultura que provoca mudanças na produção, no trabalho e na forma de vida dossujeitos do campo. O avanço da agricultura moderna tem ocasio- nado perda da biodiversidade, das características e das especificidades da população pampeana, acarretando transformações na paisagem que são visíveis, observadas principalmente pela diminuição das atividades pastoris e dos demais elementos que, tradicional e culturalmente, estavam presentes neste espaço. O Pampa é um espaço heterogêneo, com uma série de especificidades e particularidades, tanto nas questões ambientais quanto nos aspectos sociais e culturais. São necessárias alternativas de desenvolvimento rural adequadas às singularidades presentes no Pampa, valorizando as riquezas naturais e socioculturais disponíveis.
Projective Personification Approach to the Experience of People With Acne and Acne Scarring—Expressing the Unspoken
Authors: Tan Jerry , Chavda Rajeev , Leclerc Marjorie , Dréno Brigitte
Published: July 2022

Importance

The association of acne with emotional and social well-being is not limited to active acne because acne scarring can extend long after cessation of active lesions.

Objective

To explore the psychosocial burden of facial and truncal acne (FTA) and acne scars (AS) in a spontaneous manner using qualitative research.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study recruited participants via local panels. A personification exercise, “Letter to my Disease,” was developed for participants of 2 independent arms, FTA and AS, of an international qualitative study in the form of letter completion.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Study outcomes comprised perceptions, psychosocial effects of FTA and AS, and coping behaviors.

Results

A total of 60 participants were recruited for the FTA and AS study. Among participants with FTA, 17 were women (57%), 21 (70%) were aged 13 to 25 years, and 9 (30%) were aged 26 to 40 years. Twenty-six (87%) participants had severe active acne and 4 (13%) had moderate active acne. Among participants with AS, 18 were women (60%), 9 (30%) were aged 18 to 24 years, and 21 (70%) were aged between 25 and 45 years. Of these 60 participants, 56 (FTA, 28 and AS, 28) completed the projective exercise, “Letter to my Disease,” the analysis of which is presented in the current study. During completion of the letter exercise, participants spontaneously expressed emotional and physical burden as well as the social stigma associated with their skin condition. Three major themes emerged, namely, (1) burden of the condition, (2) attitudes and beliefs, and (3) relationship to the personified condition.

Conclusions and Relevance

Consistent with their skin condition, participants associated acne, through personification, with the character of an intruder and unwanted companion responsible for their poor self-esteem and emotional impairment. The findings of the joint analyses of letters (FTA and AS), as a catalytic process and free-expression space, outline the continuous burden of active acne starting from adolescence and then continuing into adulthood and beyond active lesions with AS, and highlight the struggle for self-acceptance.
Myristic acid selectively augments β‐tubulin levels in C2C12 myotubes via diacylglycerol kinase δ
Authors: Sakai Hiromichi , Matsumoto Ken‐ichi , Urano Takeshi , Sakane Fumio
Published: July 2022

Effective amelioration of type II diabetes requires therapies that increase both glucose uptake activity per cell and skeletal muscle mass. Myristic acid (14:0) increases diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) δ protein levels and enhances glucose uptake in myotubes in a DGKδ‐dependent manner. However, it is still unclear whether myristic acid treatment affects skeletal muscle mass. In this study, we found that myristic acid treatment increased the protein level of β‐tubulin, which constitutes microtubules and is closely related to muscle mass, in C2C12 myotubes but not in the proliferation stage in C2C12 myoblasts. However, lauric (12:0), palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids failed to affect DGKδ and β‐tubulin protein levels in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, knockdown of DGKδ by siRNA significantly inhibited the increased protein level of β‐tubulin in the presence of myristic acid, suggesting that the increase in β‐tubulin protein by myristic acid depends on DGKδ. These results indicate that myristic acid selectively affects β‐tubulin protein levels in C2C12 myotubes via DGKδ, suggesting that this fatty acid improves skeletal muscle mass in addition to increasing glucose uptake activity per cell.
Non‐local effects of human activity on the spatial distribution of migratory wildlife in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Kavwele Cyrus M. , Torney Colin J. , Morrison Thomas A. , Fulford Sidney , Masolele Majaliwa M. , Masoy Joseph , Hopcraft J. Grant C.
Published: July 2022

Human activities are transforming landscapes and altering the structure and functioning of ecosystems worldwide and often result in sharp contrasts between human‐dominated landscapes and adjacent natural habitats that lead to the creation of hard edges and artificial boundaries. The configuration of these boundaries could influence local biotic interactions and animal behaviours.

Here, we investigate whether boundaries of different degrees of ‘hardness’ affect space utilization by migratory species in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We deployed camera traps along transects perpendicular to the national park boundary at three different locales. The transects were located in areas that consisted of two types of human–wildlife interface: a sudden transition from the national park into agro‐pastoral land use (termed a ‘hard’ boundary) and a more gradual transition mediated by a shared usage area (termed a ‘soft’ boundary).

Camera traps were placed at 2 km intervals along each 10 km transect from the edge towards the core of the park and were programmed to collect images hourly between dawn and dusk between June 2016 and March 2019. We used a deep neural network to detect the presence of wildlife within images and then used a Bayesian model with diffuse priors to estimate parameters of a generalized linear model with a Bernoulli likelihood. We explored the binomial probability of either wildebeest or zebra presence as a function of distance to the boundary, the rate of grass greening or drying (dNDVI) and the concentration of grass protein.

There was a strong negative effect of distance to boundary on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra; however, this was only observed where the transition from human‐dominated landscape to protected areas was sudden. Conversely, soft boundaries had little to no effect on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra. The results suggest that boundary type affects migratory species occurrence.

The implications of these findings suggest that hard boundaries reduce the effective size of conservation areas; for many species, the area used by wildlife is likely less than the gazetted area under protection. The impacts may be severe especially for narrow protected areas or dispersal corridors.
Genetics of Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence
Authors: Augustine Dominic , Sowmya SV , Haragannavar Vanishri C , Gujjar Neethi , Patil Shankargouda
Published: July 2022

The triad of congenital micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction observed in Pierre Robin Syndrome (PRS) is displayed in three different forms. A bibliographic search was done in the PubMed database with keywords Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence and genetic mutations. English literature published from 2015 to 2021 specifically to the genetic associations with PRS were included and were subsequently discussed in the following subsections: (1) Case reports, (2) Case series, (3) Cohort studies and (4) Animal models. The genes involved in the human syndromic PRS phenotypes as reported in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and the Monarch Initiative were done. The mutations reported in syndromic cases are more specific to the syndrome in comparison to isolated cases. The involvement of transcription factorSOX9is known to be strongly associated with PRS phenotype. The technologies can detect these mutations efficiently and help in the diagnostic approach.

Key Concepts

Diverse mutations are reported in PRS.

Newer technologies can detect these mutations efficiently.

Identifying genetic mutations aid in genetic counselling.

Transcription factorSOX9is strongly associated with PRS phenotype.

A comprehensive workup is required to diagnose PRS.
Acetylcholine in Carcinogenesis and Targeting Cholinergic Receptors in Oncology
Authors: Aronowitz Alexandra L. , Ali Shahrukh R. , Glaun Mica D.E. , Amit Moran
Published: July 2022

Tumor cells modulate and are modulated by their microenvironments, which include the nervous system. Accumulating evidence links the overexpression and activity of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes to tumorigenesis in breast, ovarian, prostate, gastric, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have downstream factors are associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, antiapoptotic signaling, and survival. Clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of various therapies targeting cholinergic signaling or downstream pathways of acetylcholine have shed promising light on novel cancer therapeutics. Although the evidence for cholinergic signaling involvement in tumor development is substantial, a more detailed understanding of the acetylcholine‐induced mechanisms of tumorigenesis remains to be unlocked. Such an understanding would enable the development of clinical applications ranging from the identification of novel biomarkers to the utilization of existing drugs to modulate cholinergic signaling to the development of novel cancer therapies, as discussed in this review.
Stimulus‐Responsive Photonic Crystals for Advanced Security
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhou Yicheng , Yang Liu , Yang Xupei , Yao Yuyuan , Meng Yao , Tang Bingtao
Published: July 2022

Counterfeiting is a growing global issue causing severe negative impacts on the social economy and posing serious security threats to individuals and communities. However, the current anticounterfeiting technologies are relatively well known to fakers and lack sufficient security owing to the development and commercialization of high‐resolution equipment. Thus, designing new anticounterfeiting materials and systems is urgently needed. Photonic crystals (PCs) with vivid structural colors are promising materials for advanced security applications because of their unique optical characteristics. In particular, responsive PCs (RPCs), whose optical signals can be readily adjusted by external stimuli, are expected to provide improved security and may be used to determine the authenticity of banknotes, documents, and drugs. In this review, the strategies are summarized for designing RPCs, including filling responsive materials into the interstitial space of periodic photonic structures and using responsive materials as construction blocks of PCs. Subsequently, the latest progress in developing RPCs constructed for optical encryption and information security is discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and outlook of using RPCs for optical encryption technologies are presented.
Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Efficiency Exceeding 25% Realized by Co‐Spacer Cations
Authors: Jiang Ji , Chu Zema , Yin Zhigang , Li Jingzhen , Yang Yingguo , Chen Jingren , Wu Jinliang , You Jingbi , Zhang Xingwang
Published: July 2022

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have received great attention in recent years due to their narrow emission bandwidth and tunable emission spectrum. Efficient red emission is one of most important parts for lighting and displays. Quasi‐2D perovskites can deliver high emission efficiency due to the strong carrier confinement, while the external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of red quasi‐2D PeLEDs are inefficient at present, which is due to the complex distribution of different n‐value phases in quasi‐2D perovskite films. In this work, the phase distribution of the quasi‐2D perovskite is finely controlled by mixing two different large organic cations, which effectively reduces the amount of smaller n‐index phases, meanwhile the passivation of lead and halide defects in perovskite films is realized. Accordingly, the PeLEDs show 25.8% EQE and 1300 cd m−2 maximum brightness at 680 nm, which exhibits the highest performance for red PeLEDs up to now.
Releasable Water Charge‐Trapping and Water‐Resistant Photodetection using 1D Perovskitoid Hydrate Single Crystal
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Fu Yulan , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Xinping
Published: July 2022

Hydrates of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been discovered with MAPbI3 and are proved to be unstable in atmosphere. However, the influence of water molecules on the performance of optoelectronic devices is still not fully understood. Here, using a dication, 2‐(dimethylamino) ethylamine (DMEN2+), a stable quasi‐1D perovskitoid hydrate single crystal is designed and successfully synthesized, which is formulated as DMENPb2I6·H2O. In this design, both corner‐sharing and edge‐sharing connectivity are adopted, and water molecules are connected with the crystal through hydrogen bonding. It is discovered that such water sites distributed along the inorganic chains function both as charge traps and as releasable charge stocks. Optical excitation that overcomes the potential wells formed on these water sites may release these stocked charges and facilitate enhanced transportable charge density. Meanwhile, exciton diffusion and charge transport are strongly confined in the 1D transport channels. Above mechanisms are verified both by the transient absorption spectroscopy and by the photodetection performance. This introduces a new design strategy with a trapping–stock–releasing–transport roadmap for perovskitoid materials. Excellent water resistance endows this material with more advantages in the development of a new generation of optoelectronic devices.
Bio‐Inspired Anti‐Icing Material as an Energy‐Saving Design toward Sustainable Ice Repellency
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Zhanhui , Tan Sicong , Zang Ruhua , Li Cunyi , He Zhiyuan , Meng Jingxin , Wang Shutao , Wang Jianjun
Published: July 2022

To avoid disastrous consequences from ice deposition, solar anti‐icing surfaces (SASs) have performed the potential of anti‐icing application because of their excellent photothermal de‐icing effect in the daytime. However, the deposition of ice still cannot be prevented due to the lack of solar energy at cold night, inevitably requiring extra energy consumption such as electrical heating. In this work, a bio‐inspired anti‐icing material (BAM) is presented, showing an energy‐saving design for sustainable ice repellency. By integrating a phase change microcapsule (PCM) layer with a superhydrophobic photothermal (SPT) layer, the BAM can delay icing for more than 8 h at cold night without any external energy. Different from traditional SASs, the PCM layer can store energy in the daytime and release heat energy for keeping temperature up freezing point at night. In addition, the SPT layer displays excellent solar‐to‐heat conversion for sufficient energy and robust self‐cleaning property for avoiding the blockage of sunlight from the contaminants or molten water, thereby resulting in the excellent icing delay. Therefore, this design can be developed and utilized for sustainable ice repellent applications such as power transmission, building infrastructure, and transportation networks.
In Situ Preparation of High‐Quality Flexible Manganese‐Halide Scintillator Films for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Xia Kaiyu , Ran Peng , Wang Wenwen , Yu Jiewen , Xu Gaopeng , Wang Kun , Pi Xiaodong , He Qingquan , Yang Yang (Michael) , Pan Jun
Published: July 2022

Environmentally friendly metal halides have emerged as emitters in lighting and X‐ray imaging applications. However, the conventional scintillator fabrication process involves high‐temperature sintering or powder grinding, resulting in large bulk crystals or agglomerates, which hamper flexible device integration and processability. Here, large‐area flexible scintillation screen films containing (C24H20P)2MnBr4 nanocrystals are prepared in situ, which prevents the generation of agglomerated powders or large bulk crystals, and the preparation duration and cost are reduced. The film exhibits good mechanical stability and homogeneity, and the photoluminescence quantum yield is over 85%. Moreover, the film presents excellent scintillation performance with detection limit as low as 0.608 μGyair s−1 and 14.5 lp mm−1 X‐ray imaging resolution. This excellent performance and simple preparation method are expected to favor industrial mass production.
Reduced tillage and rotational diversity improve soil health in Missouri
Authors: Veum Kristen S. , Zuber Stacy M. , Ransom Curtis , Myers Robert L. , Kitchen Newell R. , Anderson Stephen H.
Published: July 2022

The Missouri Soil and Water Conservation Program was initiated by the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to address challenges related to soil and water degradation by examining soil health under real‐world management practices. Soil health data from 5,300 field sites enrolled in a DNR cost‐share program were analyzed for the effects of tillage intensity [no‐till (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and intensive tillage (IT)] and crop rotational diversity (monoculture, two‐crops, and three or more crops in rotation) within and across six regions in the state. Soil health indicators included soil organic carbon (SOC), active carbon, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), and aggregate stability. At the state level, SOC, active carbon, and PMN were 14.4, 14.0, and 17.5% greater under NT, and 10.2, 11.0, and 11.2% greater under RT, respectively, compared with IT. Aggregate stability was greater under NT (33.8%) and RT (30.4%) relative to IT (28.0%). Across the state, diversified rotations with three or more crops exhibited 6.1 and 7.9% greater SOC, 6.5 and 7.9% greater active carbon, and 10.7 and 11.6% greater PMN relative to two‐crop rotations or monocultures, respectively. Aggregate stability was significantly greater under diversified rotations (35.5%) relative to two‐crop rotations (30.6%) and monoculture (30.8%). This study highlights the value of on‐farm datasets from real crop production systems and illustrates the potential to increase soil health with adoption of conservation tillage and extended crop rotations in Missouri.
ECHS1 deficiency and its biochemical and clinical phenotype
Authors: Ozlu Can , Chelliah Priya , Dahshi Hamza , Horton Daniel , Edgar Veronica B. , Messahel Souad , Kayani Saima
Published: July 2022

ECHS1 gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme, short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (SCEH). SCEH is involved in fatty acid oxidation ([Sharpe and McKenzie (2018); Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders associated with short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (ECHS1) deficiency, 7: 46]) and valine catabolism ([Fong and Schulz (1977); Purification and properties of pig heart crotonase and the presence of short chain and long chain enoyl coenzyme A hydratases in pig and guinea pig tissues, 252: 542–547]; [Wanders et al. (2012); Enzymology of the branched‐chain amino acid oxidation disorders: The valine pathway, 35: 5–12]), and the dysfunction of SCEH leads to a severe Leigh or Leigh‐like Syndrome phenotype in patients ([Haack et al. (2015); Deficiency of ECHS1 causes mitochondrial encephalopathy with cardiac involvement, 2: 492–509]; [Peters et al. (2014); ECHS1 mutations in Leigh disease: A new inborn error of metabolism affecting valine metabolism, 137: 2903–2908]; [Sakai et al. (2015); ECHS1 mutations cause combined respiratory chain deficiency resulting in Leigh syndrome, 36: 232–239]; [Tetreault et al. (2015); Whole‐exome sequencing identifies novel ECHS1 mutations in Leigh, 134: 981–991]). This study aims to further describe the ECHS1 deficiency phenotype using medical history questionnaires and standardized tools assessing quality of life and adaptive skills. Our findings in this largest sample of ECHS1 patients in literature to date (n = 13) illustrate a severely disabling condition causing severe developmental delays (n = 11), regression (n = 10), dystonia/hypotonia and movement disorders (n = 13), commonly with symptom onset in infancy (n = 10), classical MRI findings involving the basal ganglia (n = 11), and variability in biochemical profile. Congruent with the medical history, our patients had significantly low composite and domain scores on Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition. We believe there is an increasing need for better understanding of ECHS1 deficiency with an aim to support the development of transformative genetic‐based therapies, driven by the unmet need for therapies for patients with this genetic disease.
A comprehensive analysis of variability in the sulci that define the inferior frontal gyrus in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) brain
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Sprung‐Much Trisanna , Amiez Celine , Procyk Emmanuel , Petrides Michael , Schapiro Steven J. , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

In the human brain, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is comprised of three morphological regions, which include the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis. These brains regions are implicated in a number of cognitive and linguistic functions, and the pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the language dominant hemisphere are collectively referred to as Broca's area. Evolution of the morphology of the IFG has been a topic of study in comparative neuroscience.

Materials and Methods

Using magnetic resonance images (MRI) from 294 chimpanzees with known pedigrees, we quantified the folding patterns, surface area, and depth of three sulci and their subdivisions that define the IFG.

Results

Chimpanzees show considerable individual variation in IFG sulci. A higher proportion of males and chimpanzees with better orofacial motor control had a bifurcation in the dorsal limb of the fronto‐orbital sulcus. For surface area and depth, chimpanzees with better orofacial motor control had greater leftward asymmetries in surface area and increased gyrification for the fronto‐orbital sulcus and greater rightward biases for the inferior precentral sulcus. Quantitative genetic analyses revealed that the average surface area and depth for three of the five sulci subdivisions were significantly heritable. By contrast, we found no evidence for heritability in asymmetries for any of the sulci.

Discussion

These findings provide context to understanding evolutionary selection for increasing motor, cognitive and linguistic functions among primates, and contribute an essential comparative framework for interpreting IFG evolution in the human lineage.
Semisynthese von homogen glykosylierten, aktiven Varianten des Granulozyten‐Kolonie‐stimulierenden Faktors
Authors: Kerul Lukas , Schrems Maximilian , Schmid Alanca , Meli Rajeshwari , Becker Christian F. W. , Bello Claudia
Published: July 2022

Der Granulozyten‐Kolonie‐stimulierende Faktor (G‐CSF) ist ein Zytokin, das zur Behandlung von Neutropenie eingesetzt wird. Unterschiedlich glykosylierte und nicht glykosylierte Varianten von G‐CSF werden für therapeutische Anwendungen derzeit durch rekombinante Expression hergestellt. Im Folgenden beschreiben wir unsere Herangehensweise zur Etablierung einer ersten Semisynthesestrategie für die Synthese des Aglykons und verschiedenerO‐Glykoformen von G‐CSF, um die Herstellung von selektiv und homogen posttranslational modifizierten Varianten dieses wichtigen Zytokins zu ermöglichen. Letztendlich erreichten wir dies, durch die Selenoesterligation eines rekombinant hergestellten N‐terminalen Segments mit einem synthetisch hergestellten C‐terminalen Segment, welches vorübergehend mit einer lichtabspaltbaren Polyethylenglykol‐ (PEG) Gruppe an einer Seitenkette versehen wurde, bei niedrigen Konzentrationen. Die transiente PEGylierung ermöglichte dabei die quantitative enzymatische Verlängerung des Kohlenhydrates an Thr133. Insgesamt ist es uns gelungen, die Syntheseherausforderungen auf Grund der niedrigen Löslichkeit und der Aggregationstendenz der zwei Proteinsegmente, signifikant zu reduzieren. Dies ermöglichte uns die Herstellung von vier G‐CSF Varianten, die erfolgreich gefaltet wurden und in Zellproliferationsexperimenten biologische Aktivität zeigten.
Deep Learning for Additive Screening in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Na , Liu Dawei , Tao Guanhong , Xu Weidong , Li Mengmeng , Chu Ying , Cao Chensi , Lu Feiyue , Hao Chenjie , Zhang Ju , Cao Yu , Gao Feng , Wang Nana , Zhu Lin , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: July 2022

Additive engineering with organic molecules is of critical importance for achieving high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices. However, experimentally finding suitable additives is costly and time consuming, while conventional machine learning (ML) is difficult to predict accurately due to the limited experimental data available in this relatively new field. Here, we demonstrate a deep learning method that can predict the effectiveness of additives in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with a high accuracy up to 96 % by using a small dataset of 132 molecules. This model can maximize the information of the molecules and significantly mitigate the duplicated problem that usually happened with previous models in ML for molecular screening. Very high efficiency PeLEDs with a peak external quantum efficiency up to 22.7 % can be achieved by using the predicated additive. Our work opens a new avenue for further boosting the performance of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Dexmedetomidine as a rescue agent during intracranial neurosurgery in the setting of opioid tolerance
Authors: Mackie S. , Chambers D. , Sebastian J.
Published: July 2022

Dexmedetomidine is a versatile sedative agent widely used both in anaesthesia and intensive care. We present the case of a 32‐year‐old woman with a long‐term history of non‐prescribed intravenous opioid use who underwent elective resection of a skull base tumour. There was difficulty in achieving an adequate depth of anaesthesia despite the high levels of intravenous and volatile anaesthetic agent. Intra‐operatively, a bolus and subsequent infusion of dexmedetomidine helped achieve an adequate depth of anaesthesia. This report highlights some of the benefits of dexmedetomidine for patients who are opioid tolerant, both intra‐ and postoperatively. It also demonstrates the wide range of beneficial effects dexmedetomidine could have when used as a rescue adjunct in neuroanaesthesia.
Synthesis, structure, and anticancer studies of Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes based on (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine Schiff base
Authors: Hu Jing , Luo Yun , Hou Min , Qi Jia Jia , Liang Li Li , Li Wen Ge
Published: July 2022

Two dinuclear complexes [Cu2(LO)2] and [Ni2L2Cl2(C2H5OH)2] derived from (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine (HL) were synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy，thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Molecular structures of the Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay against human tumor cells, such as lung carcinoma A549, lung adenocarcinoma H1975, breast carcinoma MDA‐MB‐231, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐2Z cell lines. The results showed that the Cu (II) complex had much better anticancer activity than the Ni (II) complex, especially for MDA‐MB‐231 and CNE‐2Z cells. The reason may be that they have different structures. The methyl group on the (5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde)‐4‐aminoantipyrine (HL) was oxidized to the hydroxymethyl group, herein, namely LO, which is difficult to achieve in the normal chemical synthesis process. However, we did it by a solvothermal method at low temperature. It provides a new way of thinking and synthesis. The anticancer activity of the copper complex was next only to cisplatin, and the copper complex was nontoxic for the human normal cell lines. The experiment results also showed that the copper complex could inhibit tumor cell proliferation through the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.