bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The idea of "luck" in Russian and Chinese cultures
Authors: Golovanivskaya Mariya Konstantinovna , Efimenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2023

The article examines the idea of "luck" in two linguistic worldviews – Russian and Chinese. The research is comapartive, two linguocultures are compared. The description of each concept follows a clear algorithm: the etymology of the word is studied, the mythological roots of the idea are explored, its collocations are analyzed, and the material connotation, following V. A. Uspensky, is extracted from these collocations. This is followed by a comparison of dictionary definitions. The goal of the research is to identify the features of how this idea is represented in different cultures using the semantic field of the concept "luck" in Russian and Chinese languages. The comparison is aimed at revealing the similarities and differences in the worldview of different peoples. The scientific methods employed in this research include the comparative-historical method, the method of generalization, and the method of semantic analysis. It is important to note that this topic is considered underexplored, and previously, there have been no linguocultural studies that comprehensively analyze this idea within the context of Russian and Chinese cultures. This makes the research scientifically innovative. The results obtained from this research will significantly contribute to mutual understanding among nations and can be seen as a kind of conceptual bridge promoting better mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures. Furthermore, the findings can be useful in the development of courses in regional studies, comparative cultural studies, and in the teaching of relevant languages. Thus, this research has a wide range of applications in both scientific and educational fields.
Effect of Environmental Analysis on the Performance of Public Universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Nyoike Teresia N. , Bula Hannah Orwa
Published: November 2023

The closing of 11 local campuses of two Kenyan public universities has substantially affected their performance and viability. Even though empirical literature has shown that environmental analysis affects performance in various circumstances, most research contains scope limitations, conceptual gaps, methodological gaps, and contextual gaps. As a result, there is a paucity of empirical evidence regarding the effect of environmental analysis on performance of Kenyan public universities, a research gap that the current study filled. The primary goal of the study was to assess effects of environmental analysis on performance in Kenyan public universities. The study was underpinned on theory of performance and strategic fit theory. The study, which used a descriptive study approach, had the 168 top administration managers of Kenyan public universities in Nairobi City County as its target group from which 119 respondents were obtained the Yamane formula. The study used stratified proportionate sampling to choose participants from each university who were then identified using systematic sampling. The data was gathered from primary sources through a questionnaire, which was pre-tested for validity using content analysis and reliability to yield a Cronbach’ Alpha value of 0.881 to indicate a reliable tool. Descriptive statistics were obtained from quantitative analysis and while inferential analysis was used to generate correlation and regression statistics The study found that at 5% significance level, environmental analysis has a significant and positive effect on performance of public universities in Nairobi City County (p< 0.047; r = 0.185; β = 0.155). The study recommends for public universities in Nairobi City County to ensure that their policies should always enhance their staff to effectively apply the basic environmental analysis tools; Balanced Scorecard framework Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis, Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environment model in their environmental analyses.
Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale in the Context of Filipino College Students in the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reyes Michael , Resuento Amadem Dennes , Ripalda Angelli , Siatan Eya Wyeth , Ganzon Jayson , Telmo Trishia Kaye , Zita Janel Jun , Elnar Ryan Dale
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic undeniably affected the Philippine archipelago, particularly the education sector, bringing varied stress experiences among Filipino learners. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the level of stress among students throughout the country using the perceived stress scale. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the English version of the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) in the context of Filipino university students at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data of 200 undergraduate students sampled through purposive sampling who completed the PSS-14 were used for the analyses. The researchers employed Cronbach’s Alpha (α > 0.7) to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale, and Pearson Correlation to assess the validity of items. Moreover, ethical standards were principally addressed. The results showed that the internal consistency (α = 0.81) of the PSS-14 was acceptable. Pearson Correlation Coefficient for items demonstrated a low to high association; statistically significant below 0.05 and critical values was less than the R-value. Hence, PSS – 14 was gleamed as a valid scale. The psychometric properties of PSS – 14 were potent and vigor in the provision of insights in the pursuit of estimating the extent of perceived stress in the context of Filipino university students. Thus, a call to action was addressed to the school’s mental health practitioners, guidance counselors, and authorities to craft intervention programs in order to mediate the adverse effects brought by the COVID-19 pandemic on Filipino learners.
The Prevalence of Microalbuinuria & Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Diagnosis among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Rumana , Rahman Md. Mamunur , Ara Chaman , Khurshid Md. Hasan Al , Rumu Humayra
Published: November 2023

Background: The presence of albumin in the urine is a marker of glomerular involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), depicting diabetic nephropathy. Strict glycemic control can prevent and delay the occurrence of microalbuminuria and other diabetic complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of microalbuinuria & associated risk factors at the timi e of diagnosis among type 2 diabetic patients in Rajshahi city.

Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a cross-sectional analytical study was collaboratively undertaken by the Department of Physiology at Rajshahi Medical College and the Diabetic Association Hospital in Rajshahi. Following an initial evaluation, patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for a conclusive diagnosis of DM. Subsequently, subjects were subjected to rigorous screening procedures based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study group A consisted of 80 diabetic subjects, while an equivalent number of age- and gender-matched non-diabetic individuals were recruited for study group B, with participants drawn from hospital staff, patients' relatives, and volunteers, resulting in a total of 80 participants in each group.

Results: The study findings showed that among the healthy adult group, 85% had normal fasting blood sugar (FBS), while 15% had impaired fasting sugar (IFG). Conversely, in the diabetic group, none had normal FBS or IFG. The mean urine microalbumin level was significantly higher in the diabetic group (24.63±14.75 mg/day) compared to the control group (11.59±5.41 mg/day), indicating abnormal levels in about one-third of diabetic respondents versus none in the healthy group. Additionally, all healthy adults had normal urine spot microalbumin levels, whereas 25 diabetic respondents exceeded normal levels.

Conclusion: Newly diagnosed diabetic patients showed higher levels of urine microalbumin compared to healthy adults, suggesting potential early markers for diabetic nephropathy. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm their clinical usefulness for routine screening.
Rational Use of Antibiotics in Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Literature Review
Authors: Habib Hala Saad Abdelsalam
Published: November 2023

The pediatric population belongs to that category of individuals who are always at risk of developing certain illnesses if appropriate care is not taken. It is because of the delicate nature of the children’s health and body that makes them quite vulnerable to developing all sorts of illnesses and infections very easily. Moreover, their immune system is also in a developing stage, thus making it more prone to get compromised in case there is an infection severe enough to cause damage within the body. Respiratory illnesses are among the most common infections that pediatric populations are prone to develop during their life. However, with the appropriate management and interventions, these infections could be promptly treated. It all depends upon the physician and their diagnosis - how promptly it is made to save time. Respiratory illnesses can greatly compromise the living conditions of a child, provided that they cause several complications and also make a child cranky, agitated, and irritable. For this reason, mothers of children are often seen to report to the clinics so that appropriate treatment can be started in their infants that gives them relaxation from their symptoms. However, in this review, we shall explore the possibility of prescribing antibiotics in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to bring forward all the considerations that are strictly kept in mind before prescribing antibiotics to children since they could very much cause resistance in the individuals too. It is, therefore, very important to keep a check and balance on all the symptoms and the duration of those symptoms before any decision regarding the prescription of antibiotics is made by the physician. This will help prevent all sorts of super-infections, complications, as well as resistance-related incidences in the pediatric population.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Bio-Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Chhiroliya Jitendra Kumar , Morya Rahul , Morya Rahul , Bhargava Anjali , Gupta P. K.
Published: November 2023

The present investigation entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators and bio-fertilizer on growth and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was carried out at the Experimental field, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior during 2020-21 under agro-climatic and soil conditions of Northern Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each replication consists of ten treatments of biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) and plant growth regulators viz., Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). All the treatments were randomized separately in each replication. Result showed that the different biofertilizers (i.e. Rhizobium, PSB and KSB) and plant growth regulators (i.e. GA3 and NAA) treatments significantly influenced the growth and quality parameters of fenugreek. Treatment T4 (Rhizobium + NAA) gave the maximum growth, it was found best treatment combination as compared to all other treatment combinations of biofertilizers and PGRs, while the minimum growth, yield and economical parameters were recorded in treatment T1 (Control).
Health Education Impact on Stigma and Discrimination against People Living with Humman Immunodeficient Virus Infection among Adolescents in South Western Nigeria- A Community Based Experimental Study
Authors: Amoran O. E.  , Oke O. O.  , Sodehinde K. O.  , Mautin G. B.  , Salami F. O.  , Salako A. A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Young people in Nigeria constitute an important group due to their vulnerability and sexual inexperience and there are still relatively high levels of misconceptions and stigma. This study was therefore carried out to investigate effect of health education on stigma and discrimination of PLWHAs among adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental community-based study. The study was carried out in three (3) phases. A multistage random sampling technique was used in choosing the required samples for this study. Two Local Governments which was selected in the State formed the experimental and control groups. A semi-structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 19.

Results: A total of 215 participants were recruited into the study,31.2% were males, 52.6% were adolescents aged 10-14 years and 47.4% were aged 15-19 years, while 67.3% were Christians, both the control and experimental groups were similar[p=0.128]. Stigma scores at baseline were also correlated with knowledge scores. There was a weak negative but significant correlation between knowledge and stigma (r = -0.27, p<0.001). There was a significant reduction in stigma scores for both the intervention (t = 4.92, p <0.001) and control groups at 4 months post intervention (t = 4.33, p < 0.001). There was only a significant difference for family type, where the mean stigma scores were higher among respondents from polygamous homes and those with widowed parents compared to those from monogamous homes (F = 3.22, p = 0.008).

Conclusion: The study shows that adolescents from dysfunctional families such as polygamous homes and widowed parents had a significantly higher score. Establishment of Youth Friendly Clinics that would focus more on adolescents from dysfunctional homes is needed among adolescents in Nigeria and other low income population.
Pediatric, adult, and late onset multiple sclerosis: Cognitive phenotypes and gray matter atrophy
Authors: De Meo Ermelinda , Portaccio Emilio , Cortese Rosa , Ruano Luis , Goretti Benedetta , Niccolai Claudia , Patti Francesco , Chisari Clara , Gallo Paolo , Grossi Paola , Ghezzi Angelo , Roscio Marco , Mattioli Flavia , Stampatori Chiara , Simone Marta , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Bonacchi Raffaello , Rocca Assunta Maria , Leveraro Elisa , Giorgio Antonio , De Stefano Nicola , Filippi Massimo , Inglese Matilde , Amato Maria Pia
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We aim to investigate cognitive phenotype distribution and MRI correlates across pediatric‐, elderly‐, and adult‐onset MS patients as a function of disease duration.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we enrolled 1262 MS patients and 238 healthy controls, with neurological and cognitive assessments. A subset of 222 MS patients and 92 controls underwent 3T‐MRI scan for brain atrophy and lesion analysis. Multinomial probabilistic models identified likelihood of belonging to cognitive phenotypes (“preserved‐cognition,” “mild verbal memory/semantic fluency,” “mild multi‐domain,” “severe attention/executive,” and “severe multi‐domain”) and experiencing MRI abnormalities based on disease duration and age at onset.

Results

In all groups, the likelihood of “preserved‐cognition” phenotype decreased, whereas “mild multi‐domain” increased with longer disease duration. In pediatric‐ and adult‐onset patients, the likelihood of “mild verbal memory/semantic fluency” phenotypes decreased with longer disease duration, and that of “severe multi‐domain” increased with longer disease duration. Only in adult‐onset patients, the likelihood of “severe executive/attention” phenotype increased with longer disease duration. All groups displayed escalating probabilities of cortical, thalamic, hippocampal, and deep gray matter atrophy over disease course. Compared to adult, pediatric‐onset patients showed lower probability of experiencing thalamic atrophy with longer disease duration, while elderly‐onset showed higher probability of experiencing cortical and hippocampal atrophy.

Interpretation

Age at MS onset significantly influences the distribution of cognitive phenotypes and the patterns of regional gray matter atrophy throughout the disease course.
51% of OUD treatment would be cut under Medicaid proposals
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2025

Proposed cuts to Medicaid could greatly result in cuts to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. ADAW has learned the specific numbers.
HRSA and SAMHSA tap SUPTRS BG for Ryan White services
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2025

In a “Dear Colleague” letter that went out on Friday, January 17, 2025, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) called for using a federal block grant focused on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and prevention to be used for HIV services in the Ryan White grant program.
The New Way Insurers Say No!
Authors: Kent Rob
Published: January 2025

In the last decade states, such as New York, have taken steps to end some of the tactics used by health insurers to deny their members access to addiction treatment services. They have ended prior authorization or the ability for insurers to review and approve the need for treatment services before an individual could begin treatment. This change comes from hearing too many stories of families waiting in the treatment program parking lot with their loved one for insurer approval to enter the program. Many left after waiting hours for such approval as the person started to suffer from withdrawal, while others continued to use drugs during the wait.
SAMHSA releases guidance on essential services for SUD care
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2025

This month the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released a National Guidance on Essential Specialty Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Care with a list of core services for adults with SUD. According to SAMHSA, these services should be available at any specialty SUD treatment facility within the United States.
Shamrock‐Shaped D2–A–Cz Materials Featuring Trifluoromethyl Carbazole and Pyrimidine: a Tailored Host for Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Gnanasekaran Premkumar , Cheng Ya‐Hsin , Wu Jia‐Fan , Peng Jun‐Kai , Chen Chia‐Yu , Chang Rong‐Miao , Vailassery Jijitha , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Chang Chih‐Hao , Chang Yuan Jay
Published: January 2025

A new class of shamrock‐shaped D2–A–Cz and D2–A–D′ bipolar host materials is specifically designed to optimize performance in green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. These materials utilize 3,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐9H‐carbazole (CF3Cz) as the donor (D), and pyrimidine (Pym) or pyridine (Py) as the acceptor, with features of structural modifications aimed at enhancing stability and luminescence efficiency. In particular, the introduction of strong electron‐withdrawing CF3 groups helps stabilize the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, while electron‐donating groups like tert‐butyl group, carbazole, and N,N‐dimethylamine destabilize the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), resulting in high triplet energy levels crucial for green OLED performance. CF3Cz–2CzPym exhibits outstanding electroluminescent properties when doped with Ir(ppy)3, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.5% and a luminance efficiency of 64.6 cd A−1 with a low turn‐on voltage of 2.6 V. Additionally, when combined with the electron‐transporting material bis‐4,6‐(3,5‐di‐3‐pyridylphenyl)‐2‐methylpyrimidine (B3PyMPM) to form a co‐host system, these materials further improve charge balance and green OLED efficiency, attaining a maximum EQE of 19.8% and a peak luminescence efficiency of 68.4 cd A−1. The strong electron‐withdrawing CF3 substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of carbazole firmly stabilizes the frontier molecular orbitals with high triplet energy.
Advancing SiC Coatings of Short‐Fiber Using Triethylsilane: Insights from FB‐CVD Deposition Process
Authors: Da Calva Mouillevois Thomas
Published: January 2025

This study examines the use of triethylsilane (TES) as a non‐halogenated, less hazardous precursor in the Fluidized Bed ‐ Chemical Vapor Deposition (FB‐CVD) process for silicon carbide (SiC) coating on short fibers. It focuses on characterizing a pre‐matrix SiC layer over an interphase boron nitride (BN) coating, aiming to improve short‐fiber‐reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMCs). FB‐CVD is highlighted as a promising method for enhancing the applicability of discontinuous SiC/SiC CMCs. Advanced characterization techniquesScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)—were used to analyze coated fibers. The findings reveal uniform, robust SiC coatings while preserving the BN layer. Notably, a stratified SiC structure, alternating between carbon‐rich and silicon‐rich zones, was observed. Auger spectroscopy and XPS provided insights into SiCx atomic composition and bonding environments. This research demonstrates TES's potential as an effective SiC precursor and advances understanding of FB‐CVD processes for short‐fiber coatings. The results pave the way for optimizing coating properties to enhance performance in SiC/SiC composites, opening new opportunities for further development.
Self‐Powered System by an Aerodynamic‐Complementary Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybridized Generator with Triple‐Mode Switching Power Management Topology for Wide‐Range Wind Energy Collection and Climate Monitoring
Authors: Gao Sihang , Wang Rui , Feng Shaoxuan , Liu Yongxi , Deng Xiaoxin , Chen Jiajia , Min Guoqi
Published: January 2025

Rotary wind energy harvester has always been the focus of attention in the field of self‐power technology. However, a conflict between start‐up and saturation rotation speed of wind energy harvester hinders the adaptive energy collection from low to strong wind speeds in different wind speed ranges. Herein, a self‐powered system by an aerodynamic‐complementary triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybridized generator (AC‐TEHG) equipped with a triple‐mode switching power management topology (TmSPMT) is proposed to achieve self‐adaptive power supply mode switching in response to different wind speed ranges. Specifically, AC‐TEHG integrates Savonius and wind cup miniaturized turbine to achieve layered energy collection over wide‐range wind speed regions (1.4–16.3 m s−1), where the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) units have the excellent electrical output with Voc, Isc, and instantaneous peak power reaching 664 V/10.83 V, 35.96 µA/19.84 mA and 8.01 mW/62.45 mW, respectively. AC‐TEHG equipped with TmSPMT can effectively respond to different wind speed ranges of windlessness, low, medium, and high wind speeds for steadily powering commercial electronics. Finally, a wireless self‐powered climate monitoring system is developed to indicate that AC‐TEHG equipped with TmSPMT is a sustainable solution to efficiently power Internet of Things sensors in regions with variable wind speeds.
Monitoring of Single‐Cell Bacterial Lysis by Phages Within Integrated Optical Traps
Authors: Tartari Enrico , Villa Nicolas , de Villiers de la Noue Hugues , Glicenstein Simon , Picard Emmanuel , Marcoux Pierre R. , Zelsmann Marc , Hadji Emmanuel , Resch Grégory , Houdré Romuald
Published: January 2025

The bacterial ecosystem is naturally balanced by viruses known as bacteriophages. Accordingly, they represent an emerging adjuvant to antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. However, the interaction of a single bacterium with bacteriophages remains poorly understood. Here, the use of nanoscale light engineering for the fundamental study of single bacterium‐phages interaction is demonstrated. The ability to monitor the lysis of single Escherichia coli cells challenged by two different types of bacteriophages in silicon‐on‐insulator photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is shown. These nanostructures allow for the optical trapping of a single phage‐infected bacterium and their resonant nature allows deciphering the viability of the bacterium by continuously sensing its interaction with the optical field. L3 and H2 PhC cavities are used for the experiments. While the L3 allows for a fine investigation of the bacterial outer membrane, the H2 allows for the optical trapping of the bacterium even after lysis. The analysis of the post‐lysis bacterial response provides information that correlates with phage‐specific properties. These results, obtained without any need for preliminary labeling nor bioreceptors, deepen the understanding of the fundamentals of bacteria‐phages interaction and pave the way to novel breakthrough tools for phage therapy and more generally for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Wave‐Interference Photonic Crystals and Space Charge Engineering Enable Efficient Broadband Faint Light Detection in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Almenabawy Sara , Vytas Gloria , Shayegannia Moein , Shen Jiabao , Wang Haozhe , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: January 2025

Noise current, detectivity, quantum efficiency, and response speed are critical metrics in evaluating organic/inorganic photodiodes. Herein, these metrics are simultaneously advanced in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/native SiOx/n‐Si hybrid photodetectors, achieving excellent performance in detecting broadband faint light. Wave‐interference photonic crystals, comprising periodic microstructured inverse pyramids with nanometer‐scale mesa widths, are integrated into the Si absorber to effectively couple incident light for increased absorption, thereby balancing optics and conformal contact coverage. The developed photodetector comprises a deep depletion region and interfacial SiOx layer, enabling diffusion‐mitigated broadband photocarrier transport and effective charge collection, and suppressing carrier tunneling processes for low‐noise. An ultralow reverse dark current density of ≈2.46 × 10−8 A cm−2 at −0.4 V is realized for nanowatt‐level light detection. The photodetector showcases superlative properties among reported PEDOT:PSS–based inorganic heterojunctions, including a broadband external quantum efficiency of >≈80% from 340 to 960 nm (internal quantum efficiency of >≈90% from 380 to 840 nm), detectivity of >≈1012 Jones from 300 to 1140 nm, and microsecond response speed. This study provides practical insight for combining high‐absorption microstructures with space charge engineering for the development of high‐performance organic/inorganic hybrid photodetectors.
Application of Ultrafast Lasers: A Promising Route toward the Fabrication of Advanced Perovskite‐Based Devices
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Lin Youqin , Lin Zongmin , Yan Zijun , Wang Shuli , Su Yuhan , Lin Yue , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Chen Zhong , Lai Shouqiang , Wu Tingzhu
Published: January 2025

Perovskite materials have received considerable research attention owing to their high carrier mobility, photoluminescence quantum yield, and light absorption coefficient. Their excellent optoelectronic properties and low material costs make them a strong competitive raw material for future electronic and high‐temperature superconducting materials. In particular, when applied to light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells, their high conversion efficiency and relatively simple preparation process make them revolutionary materials that may change the pattern of perovskite‐based devices and overcome the limits of industrialization. However, with the development of technology, traditional preparation and treatment methods for perovskites no longer meet the increasing demands of the industry. Laser technology is widely used owing to its remarkable compatibility with perovskite materials. Therefore, this review summarizes the applications of laser technology to perovskite materials, including laser‐induced nucleation and film formation, laser annealing, laser ablation, laser printing, and laser patterning, discusses the achievements of researchers in using laser technology to regulate perovskites in recent years, and highlights the prospects of perovskite‐based laser technology.
Nonlinear Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Based All‐Optical Switch and Wavelength Converter in Mid‐Infrared Region
Authors: Wang Ke , Xie Zhoufa , Ji Jianhua , Huang Haiming , Song Yufeng , Wang Zhenhong , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2025

Exploring all‐optical devices built upon new nanomaterials and moving toward all optical signal processing has been attracted ever‐growing interest. Nitrogen‐doped carbon shows tremendous application potential in nonlinear optics due to its excellent and stable optoelectronic characteristics. Due to the reduction in scattering intensity as increasing optical wavelength, the midinfrared 2 µm band is less affected by atmospheric scattering. This study presents an experimental demonstration of a 2 µm optical Kerr switch on a microfiber, designed using nonlinear nitrogen‐doped carbon nanospheres (NCN), and combined with a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to achieve cascaded four‐wave mixing (FWM) phenomena. Experimental results show that the Kerr switch exhibits an extinction ratio of approximately 12.5 dB under appropriate pump light application, indicating effective signal light control. Moreover, the maximum conversion efficiency of the first‐order cascaded FWM reaches −20.08 dB, and the second‐order efficiency reaches −39.3 dB, with a maximum wavelength spacing of 18 nm. This represents the first investigation of optical Kerr switching and cascaded FWM in the 2 µm wavelength range. This study provides new insights and approaches for developing optical signal processing technology and lays the foundation for future high‐performance photonic devices in this wavelength range.
Discovering a Novel Cyan‐Light‐Emitting Thiosilicate Phosphor, Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+, via Experimental Active Learning
Authors: Cho Min Young , Asaithambi Sankaiya , Kim Heejeong , Lee Byung Do , Park Woon Bae , Sohn Kee‐Sun
Published: January 2025

There are likely numerous known and yet‐to‐be‐discovered alkaline earth (AE)‐alkali metal (A) thiosilicates, thioaluminates, and thiophosphates that can serve as suitable hosts for the Eu2+ 5d‐4f emission. These structures offer an infinite number of possible compositions, with the potential for multi‐elemental occupancy at the AE and A sites. Screening such an extensive exploratory space through conventional experimentation poses a significant challenge due to the so‐called combinatorial explosion issue. To address this challenge, an artificial intelligence, more specifically a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm within an experimental active learning framework, that enables to explore the effectively infinite search space and ultimately identify a novel, promising host structure candidate for Eu2⁺ 5d‐4f emission is employed. Starting with completely random compositions and no preset structures in the vast exploratory space, the PSO‐driven experimental active learning process converges on a single‐phase Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+ phosphor, featuring a tetragonal structure with I‐42 m symmetry (a = 6.5825 Å, c = 8.0015 Å). The Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+ phosphor exhibits cyan‐blue light emission with a peak at 480 nm, a full width at half maximum of 35 nm (1423 cm−1), and a broad excitation range from 325 to 425 nm, indicating its potential for application in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs).
Future Energy Technology for Nonroad Mobile Machines
Authors: Antila Marko , Galimova Tansu , Breyer Christian , Norouzi Saba , Repo Sami , Pihlatie Mikko , Pettinen Rasmus , Shah Sahas
Published: January 2025

Greenhouse gases emissions reduction in the energy and transportation systems is extremely important. Nonroad mobile machines (NRMMs) are a key factor of production in many industrial and transportation systems with high‐energy intensity. NRMM cover a wide range of application sectors and operate often in harsh environments. This study presents a literature review for NRMM on agriculture and forestry, mining and earth‐moving, construction, and ports. It provides an overview of future energy technology and energy‐related business factors for NRMM, considering different geographical areas, various energy sources, energy delivery solutions, and different types of powertrains. The best solutions for the case combinations and projected market environments are derived for several case regions. This study also contains a detailed example of an off‐grid mining with renewable energy supply. The analysis of the off‐grid mining cases clearly reveals the differences between the Nordic conditions and southern conditions. The importance of the wind power as a source for the renewable energy is emphasized in Nordic conditions, but the solar power can augment it during the summer months. Also, the seasonal storage becomes important in the case of Nordic conditions.
Osteopenic occult vertebral fracture is associated with poor oncological outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection
Authors: Haruki Koichiro , Furukawa Kenei , Akaoka Munetoshi , Tsunematsu Masashi , Matsumoto Michinori , Taniai Tomohiko , Shirai Yoshihiro , Onda Shinji , Hamura Ryoga , Ikegami Toru
Published: January 2025

Background

Although osteopenia has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the oncological impact of occult vertebral fracture (OVF) has not been investigated.

Methods

The study comprised 235 patients who had undergone primary hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2008 and 2019. Osteopenia was evaluated with computed tomographic measurement of pixel density in the midvertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra. OVF was defined if the ratios of central/anterior or central/posterior heights of the vertebrae, measured using sagittal computed tomography reconstruction between 11th thoracic vertebra to 5th lumber vertebrae, <0.8. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to assess disease‐free and overall survival adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Occult vertebral fracture was identified in 93 patients (40%), while osteopenia in 65 patients (28%). Osteopenic OVF was identified in 27 patients (12%). In multivariate analysis, gender (p < 0.001), serum PIVKA‐II level ≥ 200 mAU/ml (p = 0.005), C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio ≥0.04 (p = 0.03), multiple tumors (p < 0.001), type of resection (p < 0.001), low skeletal muscle index (p = 0.002), and osteopenic OVF (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.78–5.28, p < 0.001) were independent and significant predictors of cancer recurrence, while gender (p = 0.002), Child–Pugh grade B (p = 0.009), C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio ≥0.04 (p = 0.03), multiple tumors (p = 0.005), low skeletal muscle index (p < 0.001), and osteopenic OVF (HR 4.75, 95% CI 2.41–9.39, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival.

Conclusions

Osteopenic OVF is associated with poor oncological outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Our findings provide a compelling rationale for the further investigation of the interplay between tumor and bone metabolism.
3D‐printed pillar array pore ceramic membrane for high areal capacity zinc‐based flow battery
Authors: Liu Xin , Xu Kenan , Ding Jingyi , Chen Ting , Hou Xiaoxuan , Cao Hongyan , Xia Yu , Lu Yuqin , Wang Yixing , Fan Su , Huang Kang , Xu Zhi
Published: January 2025

Zinc‐based flow batteries (ZFBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, the formation of Zn dendrites and the limited areal capacity of ZFBs hinder their further development. In this study, we designed a digital light‐processed 3D‐printed pillar array pore ceramic membrane (3DPC) to construct ZFBs with high areal capacity and long cycle life. The pillar array pore design reduces the transmembrane resistance by ~60% and facilitates K+ and Na+ transport. The pore arrays serve as electrolyte reservoirs to regulate interfacial ion distribution and provide sufficient space for Zn deposition. Moreover, the surface hardness of the ceramics up to 1.46 GPa provides resistance against zinc dendrite damage. Furthermore, the cell based on the designed 3DPC exhibits a stable energy efficiency exceeding 79% during operation for over 950 h at an areal capacity of 280 mAh cm−2. This study demonstrates the promising potential of 3D‐printed ceramic membranes for metal‐based flow batteries.
Cardiac Involvement and TBCK‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Is It a New Feature of This Condition?
Authors: Mastromoro Gioia , Guadagnolo Daniele , Gianno Francesca , Khaleghi Hashemian Nader , Terracciano Alessandra , Bernardini Laura , Giancotti Antonella , Novelli Antonio , Piacentini Gerardo , Di Gioia Cira , Pizzuti Antonio
Published: January 2025

TBCK (TBC1 Domain‐Containing Kinase) encodes a protein playing a role in actin organization and cell growth/proliferation via the mTOR signaling pathway. Deleterious biallelic TBCK variants cause Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 3. We report on three affected sibs, also displaying cardiac malformations. The parents, a consanguineous couple of first cousins, were referred to schedule invasive diagnosis for their sixth pregnancy. They were known to carry the pathogenic c.1532G>A TBCK variant. The variant was originally identified in homozygosity in the first and second children of the couple, both affected. One also presented a right‐sided aortic arch. The other had Tetralogy of Fallot. Present pregnancy ultrasound revealed cystic hygroma and hypoplastic nasal bone, not previously reported in this condition. Chromosomal microarray analysis found no imbalance and identified 8.6% runs of homozygosity. Whole exome sequencing confirmed the TBCK variant without additional pathogenic or candidate variants. Fetal echocardiography revealed left ventricle and aortic arch hypoplasia. The couple opted for pregnancy termination. Fetopsy confirmed sonographic findings and revealed a hypoplastic aorta arising from right ventricle and corpus callosum agenesis. Interestingly, the cardiac phenotype segregates with variants and cardiac involvement might be considered a new feature of this variant causing Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 3.
Nanotweezers for Manipulating Untethered Micro/Nanoscale Bio‐Tools: Principles, Performance, and Highlighted Applications
Authors: Shih Kelly , Zaidi Niam , Lee Seung Ho , Li Huaizhi , Fan Donglei Emma
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of nanotweezers for wireless manipulation of artificial micro‐ and nanoparticles has unlocked unprecedented possibilities in biomedicine. This review delves into optical, electric, and magnetic tweezers, emphasizing their roles in controlling single particles with micro/nanoscale features as miniaturized tools. Instead of providing a comprehensive review, this work highlights a select number of representative historical and contemporary examples of each type of tweezer, covering their rudimental working mechanisms, experimental setups, performance characteristics, and niche biomedical applications. Particularly, the focus lies in providing a quantitative comparison of the performances in spatial precision and degrees of freedom in controlling single particles, along with associated challenges and prospects.
Lanthanide‐Controlled Protein Switches: Development and In Vitro and In Vivo Applications
Authors: Guo Zhong , Smutok Oleh , Ronacher Chantal , Aguiar Rocha Raquel , Walden Patricia , Mureev Sergey , Cui Zhenling , Katz Evgeny , Scott Colin , Alexandrov Kirill
Published: January 2025

Lanthanides, which are part of the rare earth elements group have numerous applications in electronics, medicine and energy storage. However, our ability to extract them is not meeting the rapidly increasing demand. The discovery of the bacterial periplasmic lanthanide‐binding protein lanmodulin spurred significant interest in developing biotechnological routes for lanthanide detection and extraction. Here we report the construction of β‐lactamase‐lanmodulin chimeras that function as lanthanide‐controlled enzymatic switches. Optimized switches demonstrated dynamic ranges approaching 3000‐fold and could accurately quantify lanthanide ions in simple colorimetric or electrochemical assays. E.coli cells expressing such chimeras grow on β‐lactam antibiotics only in the presence of lanthanide ions. The developed lanthanide‐controlled protein switches represent a novel platform for engineering metal‐binding proteins for biosensing and microbial engineering.
Porous 3 d‐4 f Coordination Clusters for Selective Visible‐Light Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Chen Wei‐Peng , Bai Kai‐Peng , Lv Man‐Ting , Ni Shuang , Huang Chang , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: January 2025

We report herein two families of porous coordination clusters (PCCs) with 216 nuclearity (M120RE96 or PCC‐216MR) and 300 nuclearity (Co144Gd156 or PCC‐300CG). For the first family M could be either nickel or cobalt, and RE = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd; while the latter features the highest nuclearity of transition‐rare earth metal clusters. Characterized by their cube‐like, hollow structures, these clusters exhibit the ability to absorb N2 and CO2. Besides, these clusters can be dissolved in both aqueous and acetonitrile/methanol solutions, and capable of acting as homogeneous catalysts for converting CO2 to CO under visible light. The gadolinium analogues of these clusters all show turnover numbers over 10000 and turnover frequencies over 1 s−1. In particular, the nickel based bimetallic cluster (PCC‐216NG) demonstrates nearly 100 % selectivity for the reduction product, which may open a new direction for the design and development of PCCs based catalysts.
Investigation on the Regulation Mechanisms of Viscosity–Temperature Characteristics of High Calcium–Iron Coal by Coal Blending
Authors: Liu Xuefei , Li Fenghai , Ma Mingjie , Wang Yong , Yang Ziqiang , Fang Yitian
Published: January 2025

Entrained‐flow bed gasification was an important way to realize clean coal conversion. However, the high calcium–iron coal ash had a low flow temperature, low viscosity, and strong fluctuations in viscosity, which severely affected the service life of the gasifier. It was necessary to regulate its ash fusion temperature and viscosity–temperature characteristics (AFV). In the paper, the AFV of Datong coal (DTC, a high calcium–iron coal) and its regulation mechanism were investigated by ash fusion temperature tester, high‐temperature viscometer, Raman spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffractometer, FactSage software, and activation energy calculation. With the increasing Pingdingshan coal (PDS, a high silicon–aluminum coal) mass ratio, the AFV of DTC mixtures increased, and the viscosity fluctuation of DTC mixtures disappeared gradually. When PDS mass ratio is in the range of 18%–24%, the flow temperature and viscosity of DTC ash were 1375°C–1400°C and 18–22 Pa·s, respectively. The increasing PDS mass ratio, the formation of high melting point anorthite and its increasing content, the polymerization degree of DTC mixed ash increasing, and a gradual increase in activation energy as well as their corresponding crystallization behavior led to the increase in the AFV. The mineral transformations and the position variation in the ternary phase diagram of ash compositions with PDS addition by FactSage calculation also explained the variations in the viscosity–temperature characteristics.
Bioactive Functionalized Chitosan Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogels as Promising Platforms for Therapeutic, Regenerative Oral, and Maxillofacial Applications
Authors: Alkandari Meshari , Barai Paritosh , Atia Gamal Abdel Nasser , Mohamed Sara Z. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Shalaby Hany K. , Foda Tarek , Rabbee Muhammad Fazle , Mallick Samir , Barai Hasi Rani , Hossain Mohammad Nazir
Published: January 2025

Due to their superior physicochemical features, chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels are multipurpose platforms that are frequently used in the biomedical industry. Many investigations have been conducted recently to modify their pore dimensions, expansion, biodegradability, stimulus‐reaction characteristics, and other characteristics in order to better tailor them to the complex craniofacial tissues. They have been the focus of various studies that have attempted to load biological cargos for therapeutic and regenerative uses in the oro‐facial tissues. This article assesses the utility and advancements of chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel‐based pharmaceutical delivery devices for the management of craniofacial disorders such as dental caries, endodontic diseases, periodontitis, temporomandibular disorders, mucosal diseases, cancer, and so forth.
Does It Pay Off to Disclose Sustainability Information? The Effect of ESG Disclosure on ESG Controversies in European Banks
Authors: Carè Rosella , Agnese Paolo , Cerciello Massimiliano , Taddeo Simone
Published: January 2025

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between specific dimensions of ESG disclosure and ESG controversies. We analyze an unbalanced panel sample of European banks between 2015 and 2022, implementing the GMM‐SYS version of the Arellano‐Bond estimator for dynamic panels. The study results indicate that banks disclosing full information are more likely to face scandals. In addition, EU membership has a positive impact on the ESG controversies. Overall, our research suggests that while transparency is intended to enhance accountability, it may also lead to heightened scrutiny and the exposure of more controversies. Our study, therefore, sheds new light on current knowledge on ESG disclosure and controversies, integrating theoretical, practical, policy, and investor perspectives.
Cuproplasia and cuproptosis, two sides of the coin
Authors: Lu Kaizhong , Wijaya Chandra Sugiarto , Yao Qinghua , Jin Hongchuan , Feng Lifeng
Published: January 2025

Copper is an essential micronutrient in the human body, mainly acting as a crucial cofactor required for a wide range of physiological processes across nearly all cell types. Recent advances revealed that tumor cells seize copper to fulfill their rapid proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and so on by reprogramming the copper regulatory network, defined as cuproplasia. Thus, targeting copper chelation to reduce copper levels has been considered a rational tumor therapy strategy. However, overloaded copper ions could be toxic, which leads to the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and the depletion of iron‐sulfur clusters, ultimately resulting in cell death, termed cuproptosis. Upon its discovery, cuproptosis has attracted great interest from oncologists, and targeting cuproptosis by copper ionophores exhibits as a potential anti‐tumor therapy. In this review, we present the underlying mechanisms involved in cuproplasia and cuproptosis. Additionally, we sum up the chemicals targeting either cuproplasia or cuproptosis for cancer therapy. Further attention should be paid to distinguishing cancer patients who are suitable for targeting cuproplasia or cuproptosis.