bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurofeedback-induced desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythm elicits pre-movement downregulation of intracortical inhibition that shortens simple reaction time in humans: A double-blind, sham-controlled randomized study
Authors: Muraoka Yoshihito , Iwama Seitaro , Ushiba Junichi
Published: November 2024

Sensorimotor rhythm event-related desynchronization (SMR-ERD) is associated with the activities of cortical inhibitory circuits in the motor cortex. The self-regulation of SMR-ERD through neurofeedback training has demonstrated that successful SMR-ERD regulation improves motor performance. However, the training-induced changes in neural dynamics in the motor cortex underlying performance improvement remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that SMR-neurofeedback based on motor imagery reduces cortical inhibitory activities during motor preparation, leading to shortened reaction time due to the repetitive recruitment of neural populations shared with motor imagery and movement preparation. To test this, we conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on 24 participants using neurofeedback training and pre- and post-training evaluation for simple reaction time tests and cortical inhibitory activity using short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). The results showed that veritable neurofeedback training effectively enhanced SMR-ERD in healthy male and female participants, accompanied by reduced simple reaction times and pre-movement SICI. Furthermore, SMR-ERD changes correlated with changes in pre-movement cortical disinhibition, and the disinhibition magnitude correlated with behavioral changes. These results suggest that SMR-neurofeedback modulates cortical inhibitory circuits during movement preparation, thereby enhancing motor performance.
Exercise-induced reductions in central command network cerebral blood flow assessed with arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Cloud Jessica , Stark Jessica , Hasselbach Alexander N. , Hiersche Kelly J. , Salat David H. , Juttukonda Meher R. , Hayes Scott M.
Published: November 2024

Habitual aerobic exercise positively impacts brain health. However, less is known about the acute effects of exercise on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). Most studies have used exercise methods that required a 10-minute or longer delay before acquiring CBF data or methods that assessed global, rather than regional, CBF. In the current feasibility study, an aerobic exercise stimulus was administered using an MRI-compatible cardio step module connected to the MRI table. This allowed participants (n = 12, mean age = 20 years) to exercise at light-to-moderate intensity while in the bore of the MRI scanner. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI with multiple delays was collected on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner immediately pre- and post-exercise. CBF and arterial transit time changes were examined within the central command network, which impacts motor and cardiovascular systems during exercise. Associations with perceived exertion and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. CBF in central command regions decreased following exercise, with greater decreases in regions associated with cardiovascular control. For example, CBF in the left insula decreased by -9.03 ± 8.69 mL/100 g/min (-11.45%, p < 0.01); CBF in the left and right rostral anterior cingulate decreased by -4.91 ± 6.08 mL/100 g/min (-6.17%, p = 0.02) and by -5.04 ± 6.34 mL/100 g/min (-7.43%, p = 0.02); and CBF in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex decreased by -7.30 ± 8.11 mL/100 g/min (-9.50%, p = 0.01). Decreased CBF was also associated with greater ratings of perceived exertion in cardiovascular command regions, including right insula (r = -0.67, p = 0.03), medial orbitofrontal cortex (r = -0.64, p = 0.04), and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (r = -0.75, p = 0.01). The current study further demonstrates the feasibility of assessing CBF immediately following exercise using an exercise stimulus in the bore of the MRI scanner. These results contribute to a small but growing body of literature describing cerebral hemodynamics immediately following exercise.
Dancing over the Sands
Authors: Mizel Omar
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the intricate dynamics between tribal communities and states, acknowledging their complex relationships. While not aiming for exhaustive understanding, it aims to illuminate the convoluted nature of these connections, which often puzzle the average citizen entrenched within other societal structures. By examining the relationships between tribal societies and the Iraqi, Syrian, Saudi Arabian, and Israeli (Palestinian) states, focusing on the interplay between tribal and public spheres, this study presents four fundamental models. Its primary goal is to discern whether these connections reflect harmony, conflict, or accommodation with established authorities.
The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae)
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: November 2024

For the past nearly 190 years, uncertainty has surrounded the correct name that has to be used for the species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) most commonly recorded as weedy, naturalised, or invasive in, especially, mild-climate parts of the world well away from its natural habitat in Madagascar. Two names, K. delagoensis (published in 1837 by Ecklon & Zeyher) and K. tubiflora (published in 1912 by Raymond-Hamet), were, up to now, widely used for this species. In its protologue, the name K. delagoensis was furnished with a very cryptic, three-word descriptive statement that has resulted in this name not having been adopted by many authors on Kalanchoe because the name was considered as not having been validly published. For this reason and to resolve this matter, a request for a binding decision on whether the name K. delagoensis was validly published (in 1837 by Ecklon and Zeyher; the name K. tubiflora was undoubtedly validly published in 1912, based on Bryophyllum tubiflorum) was submitted for consideration by the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP). The NCVP considered the matter and recommended that K. delagoensis was indeed validly published by Ecklon & Zeyher, which makes the name K. tubiflora, which was published 75 years later by Raymond-Hamet, nomenclaturally superfluous. The nomenclature associated with the name K. delagoensis is reviewed; its homo- and heterotypic synonymy is provided; the name K. verticillata, a heterotypic synonym of K. delagoensis, is lectotypified; and an amplified description and illustrations are provided of the species, as well as illustrations of the invasive K. ×houghtonii, of which it is one parent.
Cryptoporus qinlingensis sp. nov., the third species of Cryptoporus (Polyporaceae, Polyporales) from northwestern China
Authors: SONG YU , WANG YU-YU , WANG YONG , XIE XIU-CHAO
Published: November 2024

The macrofungal genus Cryptoporus consists of only two species presently. Another species of the genus was collected from Qinling Mountains in northwestern China, and here described as a novel species based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. In morphology, the novel species C. qinlingensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from related species by its relatively larger fruiting bodies (projecting up to 5.5 cm, 6.5 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick at base) with distinct odor of medicinal herbs when fresh, cream to reddish brown pileal surface, thick context (up to 1.5 cm thick), slim cystidioles (2.5–5.5 μm wide), host (pythogenesis on trunk of Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses based on both ITS and multi-locus sequences (nLSU, tef1, mtSSU, rpb2 and nSSU) were carried out. Both morphological and molecular analyses confirm the distinct taxonomic status of C. qinlingensis.
A reassessment of variation in Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae), a pseudo-rosulate species from Madagascar: reinstatement of K. adolphi-engleri at the rank of varietas under K. gastonis-bonnieri
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: November 2024

Variation found in the Malagasy Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) is discussed. Kalanchoe adolphi-engleri, previosuly included in the synonymy of K. gastonis-bonnieri, is here reinstated under K. gastonis-bonnieri, at the rank of varietas. Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri var. adolphi-engleri is applied to material that is largely devoid of a dense, white-waxy pruinosity; has generally inconspicuous leaf surface maculation; and a corolla tube and corolla lobes that are often nearly uniformly reddish purple.
Evolution and History of Domestication of Livestock, Livestock Population, and Livestock Development Trend in the World and in Ethiopia: Review
Authors: Giza Segni , Walkaro Tekele
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to review the literature and provide a technical brief about history of domestication of livestock, livestock population and livestock development on the world as well as in Ethiopia. Animal domestication started in an ancient time and it needs further investigation till now. Genetic processes are involved in the evolution of animals during domestication. The time of domestication animal is different from each other. Animal domestication was conducted by different alternative path ways. Among those path way direct path way was the most deliberate path way of animal domestication. Again there are certain consequences of domestication. Among those comparison of wild and domestic livestock, longitudinal analysis of wild animals kept in captivity, results brought by molecular genetics are the main one. The population of the livestock in world is increasing from time to time. The world human population is being increasing by high amount of number; to feed those huge numbers of population giving attention for livestock development trend and production system is very essential. Additionally, in the case of our country the number of livestock is high by a number. But the production and productivity is very small compared with the livestock we have. Finally, there are certain modifiers of future livestock production and consumption for resource; socio cultural modifiers and ethical concern are the main one.
Study on the Development of Cross-border E-commerce by the Policy Trials of the Free Trade Zones (FTZ)
Authors: Zhai Jiayin
Published: November 2024

The Pilot Free Trade Zone is a milestone policy for opening up the foreign economy, and plays an important role under the policy orientation of ‘early and pilot implementation’ in China. 2023 will mark the 10th anniversary of the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone in Shanghai, and the new development pattern is based on the domestic macro-cycle as the main body, and the domestic and international double-cycle is mutually promoted, and cross-border e-commerce is just an important connection link relying on Internet technology and the emerging trade mode. Cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging trade mode relying on Internet technology, is an important link between the domestic and international double cycle. Exploring the path of enhancement of cross-border e-commerce development by the policy experiment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone can help to build a new development pattern in which the domestic and international double cycles promote each other, and provide a basis for deepening the policy in the future. Under the guidance of trade cost theory, government reengineering theory and cooperation theory, this paper draws the following conclusions, and the FTZ has reduced the trade cost of enterprises and further stimulated the vitality of cross-border e-commerce by continuously optimising the tax policy and simplifying the customs clearance procedures. In the future, it is necessary to aim for high-quality green development, identify strategic positioning, and give full play to regional characteristics, and at the same time, refine and improve the rules and standards for the development of digital trade and implement them fairly and equitably, so as to better promote cross-border e-commerce as well as the sustainable development of the economy as a whole.
Privatisation of Higher Education: A Study on Students’ Perspective
Authors: Nisa Zaibun
Published: November 2024

Education is globally considered as an important investment in building human capital. Human capital is the means of all technical innovation and economic growth. Providing education to all is considered as primary duty of the government. The government has shifted its focus from higher to primary education, while opening the door for the private sector to participate in higher education, a development known as the privatization of higher education. This has sparked a growing trend of educational privatization across the country. At the same time, the demand for higher education in India is rising rapidly. The government of India realized that public budgets cannot adequately fund higher education need of vast population. So, the government has taken measures such as, hike in student fees, student loans and privatization; in justification of availability and mobilization of resources to expand higher education. These measures have made higher education a lucrative business for industrialists. A large number of private institutions are encouraged to enter in education sector. On the one hand privatization of higher education made education assessable to the masses; on the other hand, it brings fee hike, poor quality, exploitation of professionals etc. There are views for and against privatization of higher education in India. Though some have been criticizing the concept even before it has come to be defined and taken off the ground, others consider it very useful and need of the hour. As students are the most important stakeholders of education system. The present study is an attempt to analyses the attitude of students of higher educational institutions towards privatization of higher education.
Training Framework of Aesthetic Education Teachers in Liangshan Yi Area of Sichuan Province
Authors: Li Yanjin
Published: November 2024

Aesthetic education is a hot spot in China's education, and it is also the most important part of human comprehensive education. As the teachers of aesthetic education, their ability and growth are directly related to the popularization and level of aesthetic education, and affect the vision and cognition of the educated. Therefore, training aesthetic education teachers in southwest minority areas is the primary task to promote the implementation of aesthetic education in the whole region. The article takes natural beauty, social beauty, artistic beauty and subject beauty as the responsibility of aesthetic education teachers, follows the popularity of teacher structure, the continuity of teacher structure, the richness of teacher form and the professionalism of teacher pattern, and forms a primary and secondary structure tree through the graded cultivation of the essence and the end. Layer upon layer of secondary training content, fostering and cultivating people's ability; It focuses on the three aspects of tenacious practical level to conceive and build the training methods and contents of aesthetic education teachers, and focuses on the cultivation of talented teachers, teachers who are tireless in teaching and teachers who are knowledgeable and deep in the ways of clustering, helping and secondary. Thus, a team of aesthetic education teachers with distinct priorities, coherent structure, professional structure and suitable for the development of aesthetic education in the Liangshan Yi area of Sichuan province is bred.
Small Class Discussion-based Teaching: Enhancing the Research Ability and Engineering Thinking of Graduate Students in the Field of Instrumentation
Authors: Deng Zihan , Du Tiantian , Deng Kanghui , Lin Legeng , Li Shangyu , Wang Zhisheng
Published: November 2024

This study aims to enhance the learning motivation of engineering graduate students, particularly those specializing in Instrument Science and Engineering. It does so by evaluating the impact of a combined teaching approach that integrates multiple innovative methods. A total of 156 master’s students and 44 doctoral students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group engaged in small-group discussions, personalized online courses, and flipped classrooms, while the control group followed traditional teaching methods. Over a 20-week intervention period, several aspects were measured, including changes in learning motivation, teacher perceptions, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and academic emotions. The results clearly indicate that the intervention significantly reduced non-regulatory behaviors and led to improvements in students’ self-regulation, decision-making abilities, and overall academic performance. Furthermore, students in the experimental group demonstrated superior outcomes in various critical areas such as research skills, engineering thinking, communication, and cooperation, all of which were reflected in their test scores when compared to the control group. Additionally, achievement test results in the small-group discussion model showed a negative correlation with class size, implying that the effectiveness of this method may vary depending on student personalities and group dynamics. The study concludes that small-group discussions positively influence engineering thinking, enhance goal clarity, and foster both student initiative and motivation. This teaching approach effectively meets the students’ needs for independent problem-solving and substantially enhances learning motivation, thereby supporting the educational goals in graduate studies related to Instrument Science and Engineering.
Determinants for Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Positively Selected Local Chicks in Eastern and Central Uganda
Authors: Kawala Mastulah , Wabbi Jackline , Aseete Paul , Zawedde Barbara
Published: November 2024

Despite rising demand, the supply of local chickens is declining, with their market share dropping from 87.7% to 69.9%, while exotic chicken populations have quadrupled from 4.6 million in 2008 to 17.8 million by 2021. To address this, the National Agricultural Research Organization is improving the production and productivity of Local chickens through positive selection of local chickens. This study investigates farmers’ willingness to pay for Positively selected Local Chicks (PLC) in Central and Eastern Uganda. A study involving 305 randomly selected poultry farming households from Central and Eastern Uganda. The study applies a probit model, to analyze the determinants that influence the probability that poultry farmers are willing to pay the market price bid (2700 UGX) for day-old positively selected local chicks. The dependent variable was the probability that poultry farmers are willing to pay the prevailing average market price whereby, they were categorized as 1= willingness to pay 2700 UGX and 0=Not willing to pay. An ordered probit model was used to analyze factors that influence the choice of price to be paid for a day-old positively selected Local chick. The dependent variable was the range of prices poultry farmers are willing to pay for day-old positively selected local chicken. Prices ranged from 1890, 2160, 2430, 2565, 2700, 2835, 2970, 3240, and 3510. They were categorized into; lower bid (less than 2700) market price bid (2700) and high bid (more than 2700 UGX). The study further analyzed the factors that influenced the maximum price that farmers are willing to pay for day-old positively selected local chicken, multiple linear regression was used. The study revealed that 89.84% of farmers were willing to pay the lowest price (1890 UGX) for day-old positively selected local chicks, while only 25.57% were willing to pay the market price of 2700 UGX. Factors influencing willingness to pay include the age of the farmer, household size, total land owned, education level, access to credit, membership in a farmer’s group, phone ownership, distance to the nearest market, and radio ownership. These findings suggest that targeted interventions are needed to enhance the adoption of positively selected local chicks.
Histopathological Characterization and Development of Objective Diagnostic Criteria in Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Pinilla-Pagnon Ignacio , Rojo-López Rosa , Hompanera Tania , Casasola Gonzalo , Chao-Crecente Montserrat
Published: November 2024

Background: Mycosis Fungoides is a subtype of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas, often difficult to diagnose in its early stages due to its histopathological resemblance to inflammatory dermatoses. Objectives: To refine and enhance the diagnostic criteria for Mycosis Fungoides by utilizing digital scanning and analysis systems for the quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemical markers. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational descriptive study based on the reevaluation and comparison of diagnostic criteria (histological and immunohistochemical) of patients with a clinical suspicion of MF, creating two groups: patients whose diagnosis, despite requiring numerous biopsies, was finally Mycosis Fungoides (MF Group), and patients who, despite clinical suspicion, always had a diagnosis of Inflammatory Dermatoses (Control Group). The study was conducted on 62 patients with clinical suspicion of MF who underwent punch biopsies between 2000 and 2022 at Severo Ochoa University Hospital. Histological and immunohistochemical markers (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, TOX) were assessed using APERIO AT2 LEICA BIOSYSTEMS scanner and CIVAGENIUS software, ensuring objective and reproducible results. Results: Basal epidermotropism, lymphocytic atypia, and peri-lymphocytic halo showed strong associations with MF diagnosis. Significant differences were observed in the CD3/CD8 and CD5/CD8 ratios between Mycosis Fungoides and Inflammatory Dermatoses groups. High TOX antibody expression correlated with early-stage MF diagnosis. These findings suggest the potential of combining marker ratios and TOX expression with digital analysis to improve diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Digital scanning and automated analysis systems significantly enhance the precision and efficiency of Mycosis Fungoides diagnosis. Implementing these methods in routine practice can reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes by differentiating Mycosis Fungoides from similar dermatological conditions more effectively.
Exploring the Link Between Diabetes and Striatopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Modi Janushee , Gami Vismit , Teraiya Tushar , Shah Sahil , Desai Dev
Published: November 2024

Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is known as a hyperglycemia-based chorea/ballism. Its classical demonstration is striatal hyper density on computed tomography, or hyperintensity on T1- weighted magnetic resonance imaging. It characterises a somewhat rare hyperglycemia condition that is linked to hyperdensity on computed tomography (CT) and/or hyperintensity on T1-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as chorea/ballism and basal ganglia. Patients having a hyperglycaemic condition linked to even one of the following would also be included in DS, per a recent systematic study: (1) ballet or chorea; hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI or (2) striatal hyperdensity in CT. Additionally, there has been a recent proposal for a potential categorisation of DS. There aren't many case series on this subject that have been documented in the literature yet. It is thought that the prevalence of DS, which has been reported to be 1 in 100,00010, is underreported since most doctors are unaware of the disorder and may mistake it for typical intracerebral hemorrhage. It has been shown that older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to develop the disease. Here, we describe an acute case of DS along with its characteristic radiological features, clinical presentation, imaging and instrumental exams, and treatment strategy. This case report serves as a helpful reminder to medical professionals to take diabetes patients with poor control into account when they exhibit symptoms including altered sensorium, sudden-onset choreiform movement, and ballistic motions.
Non-Performing Assets (NPA’s) – Impact on Financial Stability of Indian Commercial Banks
Authors: Ganjikunta Dia , Shrivastava Neharika
Published: November 2024

For any economy credit is required for faster growth, but any outstanding advances may turn macroeconomic shocks. There can be various reasons for Non-Performing Assets (NPA) like low scrutiny by banks, wilful defaulter, low earnings affecting ability of entities to pay back loans, economic slowdown, government policies etc. This study aims to bridge this gap by analysing the performance and impact of NPA’s on the State Bank Of India (SBI) top public commercial bank by market capitalisation and HDFC Bank, a top private bank according to market capitalisation. For the current study, HDFC and SBI bank was considered and data for the study was collected using secondary source, i.e. annual reports. The data was collected in a time series format for different financial variables. Keeping Net NPA to Net Advances as an independent variable and Net Profit/Income Ratio and ROA as dependent variable hypothesis was formed. As per the findings, NPA significantly impact profitability of Banks’ and Debt to Asset Ratio. The impact of NPA was found to be more profound in the SBI than HDFC, but it was observed that SBI’s NPA is better managed than that of HDFC, since it made more provisions for NPA, had better loan structures and profitability metrics. It is suggested that Private Commercial Banks can maintain more provisions for NPA and better utilization of assets to reduce their Debt to Asset Ratio to mitigate the negative affect of NPA.
Biological Wastewater Treatment Using Higher Aquatic Plants
Authors: Khuzhzhiev Sodik , Bakhramov Inom , Gafurova Dildora , Khamraeva Madina
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of research on the biological treatment of various industrial and domestic wastewater using higher aquatic plants. The experiments examined the possibility of biological treatment of mining wastewater on a semi-industrial scale using Eichhornia crassipes Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. Azolla caroliniana and Lemna minor and their features in biological treatment are identified. Eichhornia and pistia plants are important because they show high efficiency in wastewater treatment due to their high adsorption properties, with frequent renewal of biomass in ponds, the phytoremediation capacity of higher aquatic plants is 51% per day due to the adsorption properties of plants, based on calculations, it is possible to propose cleaning pools with a volume of 1000 cubic meters of water for 5 days, through the renewal of plant culture every 1-3 days. The use of purification methods in this way recommends the construction of additional structures. In this case, depending on the volume of wastewater from the plant, it is necessary to build additional bioponds, create a water transfer system, and also build additional bioponds for the purpose of growing biomass or increasing plants. Only then can the biological purification method we recommend be used on an industrial scale or at an industrial enterprise to purify wastewater in an environmentally safe and cost-effective manner.
The Effectiveness of United Kingdom Policies in Supporting the Mental Health Needs of Young Refugees
Authors: Ibobo Anne
Published: November 2024

Young refugees in the United Kingdom (UK) can be considered a population vulnerable to mental health issues that deserve urgent and regular attention from all stakeholders, such as the UK government, UNHCR, WHO, and NGOs/charities. This study considers the mental health needs of young refugees (between the ages of 13 and 25) in the UK and investigates the effectiveness of UK policies in supporting these individuals. This work uses qualitative research analysis and secondary data collection methods to explore the following objectives: The first objective is to evaluate the factors that contribute to the mental health needs of young refugees in the UK. Second, identify UK policies designed to support the mental health needs of young refugees, as well as their effectiveness. Third, explore the barriers to effective policy implementation. Fourth, examine the roles and contributions of International Organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations in collaboration with the UK government. This study employs constructivism and liberalism theory to address the identified literature gaps and explain how to manage the mental health needs of young refugees in the UK. This study is significant as it identifies and offers workable recommendations for the mental health issue confronting young refugees in the UK. Furthermore, the implementation of the findings from this study would support these young refugees in their new country.
On the Polya Permanent Problem over Finite Commutative Rings
Authors: Caiúve Abrantes
Published: November 2024

In this paper we address the Polya permanent problem that was first raised in the second decade of the last century. Despite this, it continues to be treated in several surveys, of which we highlight the studies that point out Polya’s permanent problem over finite fields. Unlike previous papers, we focus on finite commutative rings, and to this end, we start by considering a commutative ring with identity R and its decomposition into a direct sum of finite local rings. Next we suppose that the characteristic of each residue field Fiis different from two, and we proof that if n is greater than or equal to 3, then no bijective map Φ from Mn(R) to Mn(R) transforms the permanent into a determinant. We developed this technique to estimate the order of the general linear group of degree n over a finite commutative ring with identity. The paper begins with the introduction where we present the title, the preliminaries that help the understanding of the following subject, then we talk about the unit permanent and unit determinant in Mn(R), we demonstrate the main result and conclusions. Regarding the methodology, we use the previous results on finite fields and the structure of finite commutative rings and also radical theory of rings.
Cross-Cultural Leadership and Diversity: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Chengere Kedir , Bekele Mitiku
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive literature review explores the concepts, challenges, and strategies associated with cross-cultural leadership and diversity. The review synthesizes research on leadership within diverse cultural contexts, emphasizing the importance of cultural intelligence, inclusive leadership, and effective diversity management in enhancing organizational performance. Key areas examined include the ethical and moral dimensions of leadership, cross-cultural leadership models, and the impact of diversity on organizational success. The review also addresses specific challenges in cross-cultural leadership, such as communication barriers and conflict resolution, and presents strategies for cultivating cultural competence and inclusive environments. By identifying gaps in current research, particularly in non-Western contexts, the review provides valuable insights into the practical applications of leadership theory and the importance of continuous learning in fostering effective leadership in globalized, multicultural environments. These findings offer significant implications for leaders, organizations, and policymakers striving to leverage diversity as a strategic asset for innovation and growth. The review further highlights the unique challenges of cross-cultural leadership in Ethiopia, demonstrating the role of adaptive leadership styles, community engagement, and capacity-building in driving organizational success. Ultimately, the review underscores that cross-cultural leadership is both a moral imperative and a strategic advantage, as it fosters inclusive, innovative, and high-performing organizations in an increasingly interconnected world.
Innovative Performance Evaluation Mechanism for Information Talent in Zhuhai
Authors: Yang Ge , Zheng Shi-Xuan
Published: November 2024

With the development of information technology, enterprises are facing new challenges and opportunities in talent introduction, training and management. Since the epidemic era, the economy of enterprises in the information field has been severely hit, among which small and medium-sized enterprises are the most seriously affected, and enterprises are facing new challenges and opportunities in talent introduction, training and management. The innovation ability and performance of information talents are crucial to the development of enterprises and society. The rapid development of information technology has put forward higher requirements for the demand for information talents, so it is very important to establish a scientific and effective innovation performance evaluation mechanism for cultivating and selecting excellent information talents. This paper summarizes the research results and experience in the innovation performance evaluation of information talents at home and abroad, analyzes the existing problems of the existing evaluation mechanism, and proposes the Innovative Performance Evaluation Mechanism for Information Talents (IPEMI-Talents), which includes improving the evaluation index system, innovative evaluation methods, The effectiveness of IPEMI-Talents was verified by strengthening the application of evaluation results and improving the fairness and transparency of the evaluation mechanism. The innovation performance evaluation mechanism for information talents is of great significance to improve the innovation ability and comprehensive quality of information talents.
Nonlinear Atmospheric Flow Patterns Confined to Zonal Cloud Bands
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S.
Published: November 2024

We derive, at leading order in the thin-shell parameter, a consistent set of nonlinear governing equations for the dynamics of flows confined to a zonal cloud band such as those on Jupiter, in a thin layer near the top of the planetary troposphere. Some exact solutions are provided in the material (Lagrangian) framework. The explicit specification of the individual particle paths enables a detailed study of these flows that model oscillations superimposed on a mean current. This approach is applied to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot and to the filamentary zonal flow at its southern boundary.

Significance Statement

We propose a new approach to the study of some flow patterns visible in zonal cloud bands on Jupiter. Motivated by observations showing that the dominant motions in the cloud bands on Jupiter are zonal and rotational, we provide some exact solutions to the governing equations for the leading-order dynamics. These solutions model rotating particle paths interacting with a straight-line flow. The approach offers detailed insight into basic features of the flow, highlighting the interplay between density variations and wind forcing. The exact solutions presented here are a useful starting point for a perturbation analysis. Current advances in computing methods enhance the feasibility of numerical simulations of perturbed flows that are designed to capture a wider range of effects, whose relevance can be ascertained by comparison with the exact solutions presented in this paper.
Realising the potential of information acquisition in promoting sustainable agriculture: A systematic review
Authors: Lv Xiaofeng , Li Jing
Published: November 2024

A growing body of literature identifies information constraints as a potential barrier to farmers’ adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) and information acquisition (IA) as the key to breaking the dilemma. Due to the heterogeneity of information, channels and farmers, IA has different effects on farmers’ sustainable behaviour in different SAP scenarios. This study systematically reviews the mechanisms, empirical cases, models and methods of the impact of IA on farmers’ adoption of SAPs. Results show that IA plays a crucial role in promoting SAPs, and exposure to different information sources/channels usually has differential effects on farmers’ intention or behaviour to adopt SAPs. It is worth noting that the positive effect of the use of modern information channels (especially the Internet and smartphone) on SAPs is gradually being demonstrated in empirical studies across countries, and the effect of Internet or smartphone use on farmers with different resource endowment characteristics may also be heterogeneous. According to further analysis, traditional and modern information channels should complement each other and be fully integrated into SAPs extensions. This study also discusses the gaps that need to be bridged in IA-to-SAPs and describes possible future research directions. These findings will contribute to the scientific design of information interventions and environmental policies in SAPs extension services.
Trusting the Courts: Exploring the Link Between Populism, Trust in Courts, and Democracy in Brazil
Authors: Paula da Cruz Tatiana
Published: November 2024

Under which conditions do people tend to mistrust Courts, and what is the association between mistrust in Courts and perception of democracy? I argue that exposure to populist leaders and their antiestablishment disruptive rhetoric increases mistrust and its association with dissatisfaction with democracy. However, during times of crisis, courts can fortify democratic principles, thereby weakening this association. This argument is supported by data from a nationwide survey in Brazil during critical years (2018–2020) and the Latinobarómetro survey (2000–2020). Findings show that trust in courts, particularly the Federal Supreme Court (STF), was lowest during Bolsonaro's election and his first year in office, with a strong association between court mistrust and dissatisfaction with democracy. In 2020, when the STF defended federalism and equality against presidential overreach, trust in courts rose significantly, and the connection with democratic dissatisfaction weakened. This study adds to the literature on democratic erosion under populist regimes and highlights the STF's role in protecting Brazilian democracy.
Gender Disparities in Academic Publishing in Argentina. A Review of Political Science Journals (2011–2021)
Authors: Berman Luciana , Bertino María Paula , Vallejo Agustín
Published: November 2024

Given the scarcity of women in hierarchical positions in academic institutions, it is worth asking whether a gender gap in publications precedes this issue. We examine the gender gap in publications in eight of the most important Political Science journals in Argentina. We reviewed 974 peer-reviewed articles from 144 volumes published between 2011 and 2021, focusing on three dimensions: gender gaps in authorship, co-authorship patterns, and subfield affinities. Our findings suggest that while there is a gender gap in authorship in Political Science journals, it is not as significant as the gap documented in similar studies conducted in other countries. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the gender gap is due to co-authorship patterns. Finally, in terms of subfield affinities, our results suggest that male and female political scientists in Argentina have different affinities for topics within the field, and that journals that emphasise topics favoured by men have a larger gender gap.
Assessing the Scope of Missing Indigenous Persons in Idaho
Authors: Gillespie Lane Kirkland , Fillmore Melanie L.
Published: November 2024

Influenced by Indigenous grassroots efforts and the growing momentum of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Persons movements across the country, states have begun enacting legislation to recognize this issue and call for research on the scope of missing Indigenous persons. In response to one such call, we conducted an exploratory and descriptive study collecting (1) three point-in-time counts of missing persons in Idaho and (2) annual National Crime Information Center (NCIC) missing person entry data. Point-in-time count findings indicate that Indigenous persons are disproportionately represented among Idaho's missing persons, that most Indigenous missing persons are females, and about half are children (under 21). In comparing the publicly accessible missing persons lists, we find the state clearinghouse list is more comprehensive than the two national lists. Findings from the annual NCIC entry data demonstrate that a higher percentage of Idaho's entries are for Indigenous persons compared with the percentage nationwide. These findings are discussed in the context of relevant existing research, along with implications for policy.
Exploring Project Connections Across the Citizen Science Landscape: A Social Network Analysis of Shared Volunteers
Authors: Futch Sara E. , Larson Lincoln R. , Cooper Caren B. , Cutts Bethany B. , Allf Bradley , Sharova Maria V. , Cavalier Darlene , Davis Cathlyn
Published: November 2024

Research on citizen science volunteers has historically focused on single projects, but emerging research suggests many volunteers engage in multiple projects. Platforms that host thousands of projects, like SciStarter.org, enable exploration of volunteer activity across multiple projects. To learn more about the phenomenon of multi-project engagement, we carried out a descriptive social network analysis using digital trace data depicting volunteer activity on SciStarter.org from 2017 to 2018. During this time period, our sample included 624 citizen science projects and 3,650 unique volunteers that engaged in these projects. We used these data to visualize and analyze project connection networks formed when volunteers join multiple projects. Volunteers joined an average of 2.93 projects spanning many different scientific disciplines (e.g., topics such as Health & Medicine, Ecology & Environment) and modes of participation (e.g., online, offline); 73% of volunteers joined 2 or more projects. Volunteer engagement in citizen science produced a complex network of project connections with low network centrality, low levels of homophily and clustering, and ample evidence of boundary spanning (e.g., based on topic or mode). The projects most central in the network, which were also the most popular, were those featured as affiliates on the website or in promotional email campaigns. By using a network approach to analyze digital trace data, our research illustrates the extent of multi-project, multi-disciplinary engagement on a third-party platform, laying the groundwork for researchers and platform managers to explore and facilitate multi-project engagement and its implications for the larger field of citizen science.
iGen Making its Way Towards the Workspaces—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Jain Sonali
Published: November 2024

The organisations in the corporate world are bound to face numerous challenges on regular basis. Various generations are working in the organisations at the same time and this generational diversity poses an avoidable challenge for the organisations irrespective of the nature of the industry and location. Purpose: The author aims to answer the following questions in the article: (a) whether iGen is significantly diverse from the other previous generational cohorts, (b) to determine the themes and contexts in which generational diversity and iGen have been studied, (c) to identify the gaps in the existing literature regarding the study of generational diversity and iGen and (d) to determine the future scope for the researchers to study regarding generational diversity and iGen. Methodology: Scopus database has been used in this study and 60 articles have been picked out from the database of 791 articles for the review. TCCM framework has been utilised for this study.
PTCy-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for matched sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Desai Nihar , Altareb Majed , Remberger Mats , Chen Carol , Alfaro Moya Tommy , Al-Shaibani Eshrak , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Pasic Ivan , Lam Wilson , Michelis Fotios V. , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Mattsson Jonas , Law Arjun Datt
Published: November 2024

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is a promising graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in haploidentical and matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but its role in matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective study of 413 MSD-HSCT patients receiving peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from January 2010 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: group I (calcineurin inhibitor [CNI] + methotrexate [MTX] or mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]), group II (CNI + MTX or MMF + antithymocyte globulin [ATG]), group III (PTCy + ATG + CNI), and group IV (PTCy + CNI + MMF). PTCy was associated with a significant reduction in grade 2- 4 and grade 3-4 acute GVHD and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD compared with CNI + MTX (or MMF)–containing regimens. PTCy did not increase relapse risk; PTCy reduced nonrelapse mortality, leading to improved GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS; Hazard Ratio, 0.4; P < .001). PTCy was also associated with improved overall survival. Bloodstream infections were increased with PTCy. The addition of ATG to PTCy did not further improve GRFS and was associated with a higher incidence of clinically significant cytomegalovirus (csCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (csEBV) reactivation and a numerical increase in NRM. PTCy significantly appeared to improve GRFS in the MSD setting using PBSC grafts. The addition of ATG to PTCy increases csCMV and csEBV reactivation without further improving GRFS. Prospective trials and PTCy dose optimization are warranted.
The electronic nose in lung cancer diagnostics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Steenhuis Eline G.M. , Asmara Oke D. , Kort Sharina , Papenhuijzen Mirell H.G. , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , Van den Heuvel Michel M. , Van Geffen Wouter H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early-stage detection is pivotal for curative interventions, yet most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. Non-invasive point-of-care diagnostic strategies are needed to reduce lung cancer mortality rates. We assess the potential of electronic nose (eNose) devices as a tool for lung cancer detection.

Study design and methods

All online available databases were searched. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed studies utilising eNose forin vivoexhaled air analysis in lung cancer patients. Included patients had pathological confirmed lung cancer, both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in various stages. Primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and area under the curve. Secondary outcomes evaluated eNose performance in distinguishing NSCLC subtypes and SCLC. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various commonly used sensors in this differentiation. The QUADAS-2 tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment.

Results

Thirty-five studies, comprising 4483 patients, were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 (CI 0.87–0.93) and 0.89 (0.85–0.93), respectively. Median negative predictive value was 0.93 and median area under the curve was 0.91. Both the likelihood of bias and concerns regarding applicability were minimal.

Interpretation

eNose devices hold promise as non-invasive, point-of-care tools for lung cancer diagnosis. Due to high sensitivity and negative predictive value, and great ease of use they might be valuable additions to the diagnostic toolbox. Further research and validation efforts are critical to maximise their impact on early lung cancer detection.