bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Valvüler Atriyal Fibrilasyon Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Cha2ds2-Vasc –Skorunun Ekokardiyografik Parametrelerle İlişkisi: Tek Deneyim Merkezi
Authors: DUZ Ramazan , AKYOL Aytaç , BABAT Naci
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Atriyal fibrilasyon (AF) nın tromboembolik olaylarından korunmak için Oral-antikoagülan (OAK) başlama endikasyonu CHA2DS2VASc puanlama sisteminde iki ve üzeri olan bireylerde OAK kullanımı tavsiye edilmektedir. Non-valvüler AF hastalarının tedavisinde oral antikoagülan kullanım endikasyonu belirlenmesinde CHA2DS2-VASc skorunun kullanılması ile beraber ekokardiyografik (Epikardiyal yağ dokusu(EYD) karotis intima media kalınlığının (KİMK) (aortik propagasyon velositesi) AVP) parametreler non-valvüler AF'nin tedavisi için önemli bir hedef organı olabilir.

Yöntemler: Non-valvüler atriyal fibrilasyon tanısı alan ve 18-90 yaş aralığında başvuran 100 hasta üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubu için çalışmaya dahil edilen 50 hasta ile birlikte çalışmada toplam 150 birey gözlemlenmiştir. Hastalara ait AVP, EYD, KİMK değerleri ekokardiografi laboratuvarımızdaki VividE9 Ekoakardiyografi cihazı (Advenced Technology Laboratories) kullanılarak 3.0 ve 10-MHz’lik problar ile gerçekleştirildi.

Bulgular: Bizim çalışmamamızın verileri sonucunda Epikardiyal yağ dokusu ve karotis intima media kalınlığı CHA2DS2-VASc skoruyla ilişkisi istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu ,Aortik Propagasyon Velositesi ile anlamlı bulunmadı. Çalışmamızda hasta sayımızın azlığı,çok fazla kişisel ve/veya işlemsel farklılık saptanmasınında payı olabileceğinden dolayı bu konuda daha fazla hasta sayısını içeren prospektif çalışmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Sonuç. Non-valvüler AF hastalarının tedavisinde oral antikoagülan kullanım endikasyonu belirlenmesinde CHA2DS2-VASc skorunun kullanılması ile beraber ekokardiyografik (AVP, EYD, KİMK) parametreler non-valvüler AF'nin tedavisi için önemli bir hedef organı olabilir.
Elit Genç Atletlerin Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKPOLAT İrem , ÇELİK Fatma
Published: June 2023

Giriş: Bu araştırma olimpik kamp sürecinde 15-22 yaş aralığında olan 24 genç elit atletin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Amaç: Elit atletlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve sporcuların beslenmeye ilişkin tutumlarını belirleyip değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Elit genç sporculara ‘Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) ’ uygulanmış. Katılımcıların besin tüketim sıklıkları ve 24 saatlik besin tüketim kayıtları alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler çeşitli istatistik yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir

Bulgular: Genel olarak sporcuların sadece % 25’ inin 3 ana öğün tükettiği, % 25’nin 2 ana öğün ve % 50’sinin de bir ana öğün tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda genç atletlerin toplam Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği ( SBİTÖ) ve alt boyutlarının puan ortalamaları incelendiğinde; toplam SBİTÖ puanı 70,75 olup yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu oran erkeklerde 77,55(p=0,032) olup kadınların oranından daha yüksektir ve istatistiksel olarak da önemlidir. Yine erkeklerde olumlu beslenme alt boyut oranı (20.09) kadınların oranından daha yüksek olup önemlidir (p=0,005). Bu çalışmada, diğer çalışmalara benzer olarak en fazla tüketilen besinler peynir, yumurta, sebze-meyve, et-yumurta-kuru baklagiller, beyaz ekmek, içecek çay şeklindedir.

Sonuçlar: Çalışma grubumuz, elit sporcular olup dünya çapında müsabakalara katılmalarına rağmen, beslenme konusunda uzman görüşü almadıkları, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmedikleri görülmüştür. Ülkemizde genç elit sporcuların beslenmesi ile ilgili verilerin yeterli olmadığı, araştırmanın evrenini daha geniş tutarak ve daha fazla bireye ulaşarak yararlı sonuçlar elde edilebileceği değerlendirilmekte ve bu çalışmanın yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak olacağı öngörülmektedir.
Neoadjuvan Kemoterapi Alan Luminal Tip Meme Kanserli Hastalarda Patolojik Tam Yanıtı Predikte Eden Faktörler
Authors: URAKÇI Zuhat , AKDENİZ Nadiye , TUNÇ Sezai , ORUÇ Zeynep , KÜÇÜKÖNER Mehmet , KAPLAN Muhammet Ali , BÜYÜKBAYRAM Hüseyin , IŞIKDOĞAN Abdurrahman
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Luminal tip meme kanserinde birçok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen günümüzde bu tip meme kanserinde patolojik tam yanıtı (pCR) predikte eden faktörler halen net olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmamızda neoadjuvan kemoterapi alan luminal tip meme kanserli hastalarda patolojik tam yanıtı predikte eden faktörleri incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2010 ile Aralık 2018 arasında onkoloji merkezimizde neoadjuvan kemoterapi alan, luminal tip lokal ve lokal ileri evre meme kanserli, 18 yaşından büyük, 122 kadın hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmamızda neoadjuvan kemoterapi alan luminal tip meme kanseri tanılı hastalarda patolojik tam yanıtı predikte etme potansiyeli olan faktörleri retrospektif olarak inceledik.

Bulgular: Hastaların menopozal durumu (p=0.638), tümör lokalizasyonu (sağ-sol) (p=0.791) ve tümör boyutu (p=0.861) ile pCR arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki izlenmedi. Patolojik tam yanıt ile invaziv duktal karsinom histolojisine sahip olma (p=0.001), östrojen reseptör (ER) negatifliği (p=0.034), insan epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptör-2 pozitifliği (HER2) (p=0.030) ve nod negatifliği (p=0.023) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptandı. Patolojik tam yanıt ile hastalığın evresi (II-III) (p=0.051) ve Ki-67 düzeyi (
Tofacitinib Kullanımı Sonrası Gelişen İyatrojenik Kaposi Sarkomu Olgusu
Authors: SANLI Ezgi , FİDAN Hasan , ÇAĞLAYAN Mehmet , ÖZŞENER ÖZEKİNCİ Selver , UÇMAK Derya
Published: June 2023

Kaposi sarkomu anjioproliferatif bir hastalık olup, dört klinik subtipi vardır: Kaposi sarkomunun; klasik, endemik (Afrika tipi), epidemik (AIDS ilişkili) ve iyatrojenik tip olmak üzere. İyatrojenik Kaposi sarkomu organ transplantasyonu yapılan hastalarda ilk olarak tanımlanmıştır. Daha az sıklıkla romatolojik, hematolojik ve pulmoner hastalık için immünsüpresif tedavi alımına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sistemik steroid, azatioprin, siklosporin, siklofosfamid,mikofenolat mofetil, leflunomid, metotreksat ve diğer oral immunsupresif ilaçların kullanımı ile bildirilen iyatrojenik Kaposi sarkomu olguları mevcuttur. İmmunsupresif tedavi alan tüm hastalarda Kaposi sarkomunun olabileceği göz önüne alınmalıdır. Tofacitinib romatoid artrit tedavisi için kullanılan oral janus kinaz inhibitörüdür. Spesifik olarak JAK'lara karşı geliştirildiği için hedefe yönelik sentetik ''hastalık modifiye edici ilaç'' olarak adlandırılır. Hastamız romatoid artrit tedavisi için tofacitinib kullanımı sonrası gelişen iyatrojenik Kaposi olgusudur. Tofacitinib ile malignitenin potansiyel riskinin olduğu bilincine varılarak hastalar yakın takip edilmelidir.
Galua Field Multipliers Core Generator
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Computer Engineering Department, Stepana Bandery 12, Lviv, Ukraine 79013, Zholubak I. M. , Hlukhov V. S.
Published: June 2023

An important part of based on elliptical curves cryptographic data protection is multipliers of Galois fields. For based on elliptical curves digital signatures, not only prime but also extended Galois fields GF(pm) are used. The article provides a theoretical justification for the use of extended Galois fields GF(dm) with characteristics d > 2, and a criterion for determining the best field is presented. With the use of the proposed criterion, the best fields, which are advisable to use in data protection, are determined. Cores (VHDL descriptions of digital units) are considered as structural part of based on FPGA devices. In the article methods for cryptoprocessors cores creating were analyzed. The article describes the generator of VHDL descriptions of extended Galois field multipliers with big characteristic (up to 2998). The use of mathematical packages for calculations to improve the quality of information security is also considered. The Galois field multipliers generator creates the VHDL description of multipliers schemes, describes connections of their parts and generates VHDL descriptions of these parts as result of Quine-McCluskey Boolean functions minimization method. However, the execution time of the algorithm increases with increasing amount of input data. Accordingly, generating field multipliers with large characteristic can take frерom a few seconds to several tens of seconds. It's important to simplify the design and minimize logic gates number in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) because it will speed up the operation of multipliers. The generator creates multipliers according to the three variants. The efficiency of using multipliers for fields with different characteristics was compared in article. The expediency of using extended Galois fields GF(dm) with characteristics d > 2 in data protection tools is analyzed, a criterion for comparing data protection tools based on such Galois fields is determined, and the best fields according to the selected criterion when implemented according to a certain algorithm are determined.
Void Avoidance in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Using Secure Opportunistic Energy Efficient Depth Routing Protocol
Authors:   Department of ECE, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Battula Ashok , Roslin S. Emalda , Florin W.
Published: June 2023

For starters, in UASN, distance between nodes as they move with water current, improved network's energy usage. The second problem with UASNs is void hole occurrence, which affects network performance. Nodes are unable to deliver data to the destination because there are no forwarder nodes (FNs) in the network. As a result, routing in UASNs aims to solve the previously mentioned issues in order to increase the network's lifespan. This research proposed novel technique in Void avoidance in underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) with improving the energy efficiency of the network and analysing depth with security. In this proposed model, secure opportunistic energy efficient void avoidance protocol (Se_Opp_EE_VA) is used and the depth of the network has been analysed. By avoiding the vacuum zone and balancing network energy with depth analysis and security, the suggested effort extends the network lifetime. Routing techniques must be comprehensive enough to overcome all of these constraints as well as provide an energy-efficient routing that avoids empty zones while also extending network lifetime. The depth factor is used in depth-based algorithms proposed in recent decades to assess the path from sender to sink. They reduce information replication by using the holding time calculation. 81% of QoS, 92% of PDR, 96% of energy efficiency, Network lifetime attained by Proposed Se_Opp_EE_VA is 94%, and 50% of end to end delay have all improved as a result of the simulation.
Energy Management and Network Traffic Avoidance Using GAODM and E-AODV Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada-522237, India, Vatambeti Ramesh , Pradhan Nrusingha Charan , Sandhya E. , Reddy Vinta Surendra , Anbarasu V. , Rao K. Venkateswara
Published: June 2023

Because of the mobility of its nodes, MANET plays a significant role in mobile communication. As a result, network infrastructure is frequently changed, resulting in data loss and communication overheads. Despite this, the large packet size causes network congestion or traffic. The difficult task is efficient routing through a dynamic network. For node generation and energy management, the proposed approach in this paper employs GAODM (Geography-based Ad-hoc On Demand disjoint multipath) and E-AODM (Energy Ad-hoc On Demand Vector routing). The proposed GAODM routing protocol reduces congestion using Spider Monkey (SM) Optimization. The E- AODM protocol assesses the energy management solution based on parameters such as delay, energy consumption, routing overhead, and node energy. By choosing the best path through the network, the proposed protocol's effectiveness is increased. The proposed protocol reduces routing overload, delay, and congestion. The simulated results show that increasing the number of packets transmitted in the network using the proposed GAODM and E-AODM routing protocols over the existing protocols on NS 2 reduces node energy and, as a result, overload and delay.
Advances in Novel Tumor Therapeutics Based on Nanomaterial Technologies
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Yi
Published: June 2023

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, throughout the global researches of cancer treatment, people have a deeper understanding of cancer, and the treatment methods are constantly breakthrough. Conventional surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have serious adverse effects and patients' quality of life is not significantly improved. Now, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy andthermodynamic therapy based on nanotechnology and materials technology are booming, and the development of these novel cancer therapies and their combination therapies brings more possibilities for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the research progress of novel cancer therapies based on nano and material technology from the aspects of mechanism of action and therapeutic methods, hoping to provide reference for their clinical application.
Big data analytics framework for childhood infectious disease surveillance system using modified mapreduce algorithm: a case study of Tanzania
Authors:   , Mwamnyange Mdoe
Published: June 2023

Tanzania has been affected with a potential emerging and re-emerging of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, hepatitis, and measles. There is an increasing trend for the occurrences of new emerging pandemic diseases such as the coronavirus (Covid-19) in 2020 as well as re-occurrence of old infectious diseases such as cholera epidemic in 2015-2017, chikungunya and dengue fever outbreak in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2018, and 2019 which affected different regions in Tanzania. These diseases by far are the main causes of the high mortality rate for women and children of 0-5 years of age. The traditional disease surveillance system as the foundation of the public healthcare practices has been facing challenges in data collection and analysis using health big data sources to prevent and control infectious diseases. Health big data sources on infectious diseases have been recognized as the potential supplement for the provision of evidence-based decision-making worldwide. Tanzania as one of the resource-limited setting countries has lagged because of the challenges in information technology infrastructure and public healthcare resources. The traditional disease surveillance system is still paper-based, semi-automated, and limited in scope which relies on clinical-oriented patient data sources and leaving out nontraditional and pre-diagnostic unstructured big data sources. This research study aimed to improve the traditional infectious disease surveillance system to employ big data analytics technology in healthcare data collection and analysis to improve decision-making. Big data analytics framework for the childhood infectious disease surveillance system was developed which guides healthcare professionals to streamline the collection and analysis of health big data for infectious disease surveillance. The framework was then fairly compared with the existing framework in its performance using infrastructures, data size and transformation, and running-time execution of the systems. The experimental results indicate the efficiency of the framework system performance with the highest running time execution of about 56% quicker over the traditional system. Also, it has the best performance in processing multiple data structures using additional processing units. In particular, the proposed framework can be adopted to improve the prenatal and postnatal healthcare system in Tanzania.
Infection and mortality trend of COVID-19 over the years in India and measures taken to curb the epidemic: a comprehensive review
Authors:   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Gupta Priyadarshini , Singh Riya ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Boruah Prerona ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Parab Mala ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Gupta PramodKumar P ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Thakur Pranita ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University, David Mary ,   School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to be University
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims: The trend of COVID-19 infections in India has been dynamic as well as complex, with several peaks and troughs since the pandemic began, including the rise of advanced and more contagious variants of the virus, increased public complacency towards health guidelines, and the challenges posed by vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. The current article comprehends the patterns of COVID-19 infection in India, with highlights of infection patterns and mortality in several states. Methods: With the use of keywords, we looked through the National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, and PubMed electronic databases. We have all the specific information from the case reports and clinical series of the patients from the various COVID-19 pandemic waves in India. In order to assess the national impact of these epidemic waves, we then carefully review the case reports.
Assessment of Associated Risk Factors with the Incidence Rate of Abortion Cases among Women at Maternity and Pediatric Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah City
Authors: Hameda Najem Abed  , Ibtisam K. Abd Ali
Published: June 2023

Objective(s):  To find out the incidence Rate of abortions in pregnant women Admitted Maternal and pediatric Hospitals at Al-Diwaniyah City and to identify the relationship between the incidence rate of abortion and the associated risk factors that led to the occurrence of abortion.

Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted to identify the Incidence Rate of Abortions and its Associated Factors among Women at AL-Diwaniyah City’s Maternity and pediatric Hospital from 16 September 2020 to 16 March 2021 . The sample study includes (100) pregnant women with abortion out of (3800) pregnant women. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire through a personal interview, the panel of experts determines the validity of the questionnaires, and the reliability of the questionnaire is very high in terms of stability and internal consistency. The information was collected from 25 November 2020 to 25 February 2021 .The data was analyzed through the use of a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version. Descriptive statistical measures were used and inferred

Results: The results of the study indicate that the incidence rate of abortion in pregnant women in this study was (0.38%).Effect risk factors that may led to abortion, that were (obesity (70%), family  history of abortion (65%), incompetence cervix (62% , drinking caffeine (79% , fever (86%),) . urinary tract infection (90%), nervous and emotional (73%), anxiety (71%) and insomnia and sadness (70%) .The results showed that the relationship was statistically significant between miscarriage and the factors related to the occurrence of miscarriage.

Recommendations: Focusing on raising awareness of the prevention of abortion among women in the health centers by educate pregnant women about Preventive measures from abortion specially educate them about urinary tract infection and its possible impact on the occurrence of miscarriage, also educate them about the psychological factors associated with abortion occurrence  which should be avoid during pregnancy.
5th Interdisciplinary and Virtual Conference on Arts in Education
Authors: Varii Auctores
Published: June 2023

CIVAE 2023 is an international conference whose mission is to provide a platform for collaboration between teachers, researches and artists from different artistic disciplines - music, dance, theater, poetry, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, cinema, philology, history, architecture, journalism, literature, philology, language learning... - with the aim to highlight the value of the arts in education and promote their development from an interdisciplinary approach.
Rise of the Acrobat Teacher
Authors: MILE Klementin
Published: June 2023

It is usually thought that most Albanian youth do not read at all. And yet, Albanian youth today read much more than yesterday, today’s youth is an animal lectorem, an animal that reads. This relationship with reading is also manifested in the education system, where it is deeply influenced by the principles of modernity, where the degree has a relative and conditional value. In these conditions, when on the one hand the differentiation produced by the education system does not absolutely guarantee the career of the young person in the labour market and when on the other hand young people massively prefer informative reading to the meaningful one, the teacher is under tremendous pressure to become “acrobat”. This is a metaphor that conveys the reality of today’s teacher in postmodernism, which we must use to compensate the lack of due reflection and conceptualization on this phenomenon. But how and why did we get to this point when teachers are asked to be acrobats?
The Grammar of Science: Are You Confident to Say So?
Authors: Kaewkungwal Jaranit
Published: June 2023

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Clinical Profile and Circulating Dengue Virus Serotype among Adults Admitted to Yangon General Hospital during the 2015 Dengue Outbreak
Authors: Myat Theingi Win , Thu Hlaing Myat , Win Hlaing Mya , Than Khin Saw , Tun Zaw Than , Aye Khin Mar , Zaw Nila , Aye Khin Sandar , Thant Kyaw Zin
Published: June 2023

During the 2015 dengue season in Myanmar, there was an unusual increase in occurrence of adult dengue cases. To identify circulating serotypes and clinical profiles of adult dengue during the outbreak, blood samples were collected from clinically suspected dengue patients admitted to Yangon General Hospital during July to September 2015. Among 75 samples tested for NS1Ag and immunoglobulins IgG/IgM, 33 (44.0%) were serologically confirmed, including 11 (33.3%) primary and 22 (66.7%) secondary infection. The mean age was 20.8 years (range 13-49 years). There were 77.3% (17/22) of secondary infection and 45.5% (5/11) of primary infection developed into severe types of dengue infection. Bleeding manifestations occurred in 13 (39.4%) patients, with gastrointestinal bleeding as the most common form. Out of the 33 samples serologically confirmed, dengue virus was detected in six (18.2%) and all were serotype 1 which has been the predominant serotype in Myanmar since 2009. These findings contributed information on the recent adult dengue outbreak and aided to bridge the knowledge gap concerning adult dengue in Myanmar. Further molecular research should be conducted on serotype negative samples.
The Grammar of Science: Let’s ‘Log’ (Part 1)
Authors: Kaewkungwal Jaranit
Published: June 2023

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Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Initiated by an Investigation of a Human Rabies Death in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand, 2015
Authors: Sagarasearanee Onpirun , Hinjoy Soawapak , Chuxnum Theerasak , Chantean Thanawadee , Smithsuwan Punnarai , Jorhor Nirandorn , Noimor Thanom , Chanprom Chatrawichai , Choomkasian Pravit
Published: June 2023

In October 2015, one confirmed human rabies case with many human and animal contacts were reported in a subdistrict of Chanthaburi Province. A joint human and animal health team conducted an investigation, including a survey on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in two villages with confirmed animal rabies cases. The human case was scratched at the wrist and bitten at the calf by a stray dog. The wounds were merely washed with rice whisky. However, 77 days later, the case developed myalgia and rash, and thus, visited the subdistrict health promoting hospital. He later died in the provincial hospital. While 22 dogs were suspected for rabies, three of five were tested positive. Members of 149 households and 79 close contacts from the two villages were interviewed. Respondents from both villages had low scores of knowledge, attitude and practice on rabies as well as wound care. Prior to the outbreak, vaccine coverage resulted as 14.8% for owned dogs and 4.2% for cats. The phylogenetic lineage of the rabies virus found in the case was in a group commonly found in Thailand. Poor practice by the case and low KAP scores of the villagers indicated inadequate knowledge about rabies and post-exposure management. The coverage of rabies vaccine among domestic animals in the community was much lower than the requirement of 80%.
A Cluster of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Cases Linked to a Restaurant during Early Local SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Thailand
Authors: Nittayasoot Natthaprang , Samphao Ratchayapat , Poobua Kanidta , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. After notification of a new COVID-19 case working in a restaurant on 10 Mar 2020, the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand initiated an investigation of the index case and all contacts. The aim was to identify COVID-19 cases associated with the index case, identify potential sources of disease, describe the epidemiological characteristics, and control the outbreak. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of the identified cases from active case finding. A total of three laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified, two of which were asymptomatic. The cases included the owner of the restaurant A (index), and two employees in the restaurant. In-dept interviews with the cases found that restaurant staffs and customers did not comply with important preventive methods such as social distancing and use of personal protective equipment. However, all cases were diligent about self-isolation when they were identified as having the infection by laboratory tests or when they developed symptoms. Following the investigation, the Thai government strengthened messaging about COVID-19 risks and prevention practices directed to restaurants.
Case Screening Criteria for Early Detection of COVID-19 Cases in the First Wave of the Pandemic, Thailand
Authors: Thantithaveewat Thanawadee , Yurachai Onphirul , Kulawong Sineenart , Yeesoonsang Seesai , Iamsirithaworn Sopon
Published: June 2023

In response to the emerging threat of a global pandemic, on 4 Jan 2020, Thailand became one of the first countries to activate a national emergency operations center for what was later to be known as the COVID-19 response. On 8 Jan 2020, just four days later, the first COVID-19 case outside of China was detected at an international airport in Thailand. As prompt detection of cases is critical to mitigate transmission, identifying the optimum case screening criteria for RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was a priority for the Thai government, but also a challenge given the non-specific symptoms associated with COVID-19. Eight case screening criteria (CSC) were applied over four months. This study describes Thailand's COVID-19 CSC, the validity of individual criteria, and provides acceptable sensitivity for future waves by analyzing retrospective surveillance and laboratory data reported through Thailand’s national surveillance system. Between 4 Jan and 26 Apr 2020, 1,209 hospitals reported 53,068 individuals who were laboratory tested for COVID-19. Of these, 20,061 (37.8%) met at least one of the criteria and the number of confirmed cases was 2,922. Each criteria was sensitive to detect confirmed cases (overall sensitivity=83.3%). There were no significant differences between individual criteria (p>0.05), and a low positive predictive value (12.1%) indicated that the criteria were broad. The criteria were regularly revised to improve COVID-19 detection and response. The acceptable sensitivity of these criteria should be monitored regularly and should be more than 80% for disease detection and subsequently trigger the immediate response.
Assessment on Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and Poultry Trading Practices among Poultry Traders in Traditional Markets of Sukoharjo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia, 2012
Authors: Purnama Betty Indah , Budiharta Sugeng , Wongsathapornchai Kachen
Published: June 2023

Sukoharjo District has been an endemic area of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype A(H5N1). We conducted a serology investigation to determine the level of human exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) and describe trading practices of poultry in eight live bird markets in Sukoharjo. A cross-sectional study was conducted in traditional markets. Total 75 traders were selected using simple random sampling proportionally from 221 traders in all eight markets. Serum samples were tested for H5N1 antibody titer by hemagglutination inhibition test. There was no trader with positive H5N1 antibody. Majority of the traders washed carcasses (84.0%), used containers to carry poultry and carcasses (94.7%), and cleaned places of trading (94.7%). Poultry traders had not been infected by HPAI A(H5N1).
Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Rabies Virus in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand, 2011-2014
Authors: Puyati Bopit , Senayai Surapong , Chanachai Karoon , Panichabhongse Pranee
Published: June 2023

Total 105 human rabies cases were reported in Thailand during 2006 to 2012. The objectives of this study were to describe epidemiology of animal rabies and genetic characteristics of the viruses found in Ubon Ratchathani Province where the highest number of animal rabies reported in 2011-2015. All 120 animal brain samples submitted to Veterinary Research and Development Center during 2011 to 2014 were included in this study. Epidemiological information was obtained from the sample submitter interview. The virus was identified with direct fluorescent antibody assay and characterized by neighbor-joining analysis. Muang (30.7%), Khemarat (23.1%) and Trakarn Puetpon (10.3%) districts had the highest incidence. The majority of the positive samples were from dogs (92.3%) and samples from dogs were 3.7 times more likely to be found positive, compared to those of other animals. The genetic analysis revealed close relationship between isolates from this study and other rabies viruses isolated in Asia. Rabies viruses in the province appeared to be localized and there was no evidence of transmission from China or Philippines. Determination of epidemiology and genetic characterization of rabies virus in specific areas or nationwide should be performed continuously to monitor the disease trend.
A Large Outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis in Rakhine State, Myanmar: Implication for Vaccine Policy
Authors: Oo Pwint Mon , Hlaing Thaung , Lwin Saw , Pittyawonganon Chakarat , Sirichaisinthop Jeeraphat , Khine San Kyawt
Published: June 2023

Japanese Encephalitis is endemic in Rakhine State, western Myanmar. In July 2014, 27 patients were admitted to Sittwe General Hospital, Rakhine State. Few patients died and some patients were confirmed as having Japanese Encephalitis (JE) infection. An outbreak investigation was conducted in forty six villages of nine JE affected townships in Rakhine state. The objectives were to describe the outbreak and to identify potential risk factors, reservoir and vector of JE virus in Rakhine State. Active case findings, environmental and entomological study were performed. We found 49 JE suspected cases with 10 deaths. Among them, 21 cases were confirmed as Japanese encephalitis infection by positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was found in most JE affected townships. Almost all villagers had no awareness about JE transmission and prevention. Our investigation underscored the importance of collaboration between human and animal doctors, the raising of knowledge and awareness about JE transmission and prevention before the rainy season in Rakhine State, and the need for more studies on usefulness of JE vaccination among high risk population.
BÖLGESEL SAĞLIK YÖNETİŞİMİ: ASEAN VE GÜNEYDOĞU ASYA’DA SALGIN HASTALIKLARLA MÜCADELE
Authors: YILMAZ Samet
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma, Güneydoğu Asya Uluslar Birliği (ASEAN) bünyesinde bölgesel sağlık yönetişimine yönelik eylemleri, yakın dönemde Güneydoğu Asya’yı etkileyen SARS (Şiddetli Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu), Kuş Gribi olarak da bilinen H5N1, Domuz Gribi şeklinde de adlandırılan H1N1 ve COVID-19 salgınları kapsamında ele almaktadır. İnsanlık tarihinin çeşitli dönemlerinde toplumlar, salgın hastalıklarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. 20. yüzyılda tıp alanındaki ilerlemelerin ve aşılamanın yaygınlaşmasının sonuçlardan biri olarak bulaşıcı hastalıkların etkisi büyük ölçüde azaltılmakla birlikte, yakın tarihlerde gözlemlenen salgınlar, modern toplumun salgınlara karşı kırılganlığını göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan sağlık, siyasal aktörlerin dikkate alması gereken politika alanlarından biridir. Toplum sağlığının korunmasında, geleneksel olarak ulusal hükümetler birincil derecede sorumludur. Bununla birlikte devletler, artan oranda sağlık alanında çok taraflı iş birlikleri geliştirmekte ve bu hususta uluslararası kurumsal yapılanmalar oluşturmaktadır zira hareketliliklerin ve akışkanlıkların arttığı çağdaş dönemde bulaşıcı hastalıklar, sınırları aşabilmekte ve birden fazla devleti etkileyebilmektedir. Salgın hastalıkların belirli bir bölge boyunca toplumlar üzerinde olumsuz tesirler ortaya çıkarabilecek faktörlerden biri olması sebebiyle, bu durumla mücadele, devletlerin bölgesel düzeyde de ele aldığı konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu hususta bölgesel örgütler, küresel ve bölgesel salgın hastalık risklerine karşı sağlık alanında bölgesel bir yaklaşım ve yönetişim yapısı geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu durum, sağlık sektörünün bölgeselciliğin gündemine dâhil olmasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, gelişmekte olan coğrafyalarda bulunan devletler arasında kurulmuş bölgesel bütünleşme merkezli en eski örgütlerden biri olan ASEAN bünyesinde bölgesel sağlık yönetişimine ilişkin faaliyetler, Birliğin temel hedeflerini, sağlık sektörüne yönelik yaklaşımını ve kurumsal işleyişini de dikkate alarak, belirtilen salgın hastalıklar çerçevesinde ortaya konulmakta ve ASEAN’ın bölgesel sağlık yönetişimi içerisindeki konumu analiz edilmektedir.
Conceptualizing Cavigulation Methodology by Integrating Cavitation and Coagulation and Application to Dye Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sharma Krati , Chethana M. , Bhandari Vinay , Sorokhaibam Laxmi Gayatri , Ranade Vivek , Killedar Deepak
Published: June 2023

The present work provides a proof of concept for a new hybrid process, cavigulation, by combining cavitation and coagulation and its application to dye wastewater treatment. Both acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitations were evaluated. Removal of a commonly used dyes such as Congo red was investigated by cavigulation in the concentration range of 50 to 500 ppm. A broad spectrum of coagulants including two inorganic coagulants; poly aluminium chloride, iron (III) chloride, and natural biocoagulants derived from Moringa oleifera, Cicer arietinum and Acanthocereus tetragonus were employed to substantiate the concept of cavigulation. A vortex diode device employing vortex flow for cavitation, was used for the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) -based cavigulation. Cavigulation in the form of acoustic cavitation + coagulation, showed significant improvement over individual processes; acoustic cavitation alone was largely ineffective for dye removal. Increase over conventional coagulation to the extent of 24% and 48% was observed for the two inorganic coagulantsIron (III) chloride and PAC SAB 18, while for Moringa oleifera, Acanthocereus tetragonus, and Cicer arietinum the increase was 27%, 33%, and 29% respectively. The pH has a large impact on the cavigulation process, similar to coagulation and the coagulant dose could be reduced by more than half by adjusting pH to 3. Auramine O dye removal was effective using hydrodynamic cavitation compared to coagulation. The developed cavigulation process, especially using biocoagulants, could be an effective alternative to the conventional chemical coagulation in the form of a green process in dye wastewater treatment
Synthesis and Characterization of Pital Bhasma
Authors: Kale Babita , Rajurkar Nilima
Published: June 2023

Ayurvedic Bhasmas play very important role in the treatment of various diseases. However, it should be in the pure form to avoid any adverse effects on human health. The present work describes the synthesis of copper and zinc based Pittal bhasma followed by its characterization using modern analytical techniques such as TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, DLS and FTIR as well as some ayurvedic tests. Synthesis involves traditional method of shodhana, bhavana and marana . For the latter, traditional putas as well as modern electric muffle furnace were also used for heating purpose. The study reveals that Pittal Bhasma prepared by traditional method of heating has 60 % particles in the range of 300-750nm while that prepared by using electric muffle furnace has 65 % particles in 250-750nm range. In both cases the bimodal particle distribution is observed. The study concludes that bhasma can be useful medicine if it is prepared by standard method of preparation and analysis.
A válás forradalmasítása, avagy egy zűrzavaros utóéletű házassági jogi rendelkezés a Tanácsköztársaság idejéből
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs
Published: June 2023

A Tanácsköztársaság vezetőinek szándékában állt az ország teljes átalakítása, melyhez mintául a Szovjet-Oroszországban megvalósuló berendezkedés szolgált. A proletárdiktatúra megvalósításának fontos eszköze volt a jogrend átalakítása, mely azonban a rendelkezésre álló szűkös idő és az egyéb területeken jelentkező feladatok miatt nem ment teljesen végbe, illetve a megvalósult intézkedések is gyakran hiányosak voltak. Mindezt tetézte, hogy az ellenforradalmi rendszer nem ismerte el a Tanácsköztársaság állami létét, így megalkotott jogszabályait sem, ami sajátos helyzetet eredményezett a 133 nap alatt mégis létrejött új jogi helyzetek értelmezése tekintetében. Munkámban mindezeket a válás korabeli szabályváltozásai és az ezekből eredő egyes jogesetek tekintetében vizsgálom.
Khảo sát sự phù hợp chẩn đoán giữa sinh thiết tức thì và sinh thiết thường quy ung thư biểu mô tuyến giáp tại bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy
Authors: La Hoài Thành
Published: June 2023

Sinh thiết cắt lạnh là một phương pháp cho kết quả chẩn đoán giải phẫu bệnh nhanh, có thể giúp cho bác sĩ phẫu thuật đưa ra quyết định điều trị khi bệnh nhân còn đang phẫu thuật. Chính vì thế mà ngày nay ở những bệnh viện có khoa giải phẫu bệnh đều trang bị và thực hiện rộng rãi kỹ thuật cắt lạnh này. Vì vậy, vấn đề quan tâm hiện nay là độ chính xác giữa kết quả chẩn đoán của sinh thiết cắt lạnh so với sinh thiết thường quy. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Khảo sát sự phù hợp chẩn đoán trên cùng một mẫu mô giữa sinh thiết cắt lạnh và sinh thiết thường quy tại Khoa Giải phẫu bệnh – Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ ngày 01/04/2022 đến 30/06/2022. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Mẫu bệnh phẩm được xử lý theo phương pháp cắt lạnh và phương pháp thường quy. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Cắt ngang mô tả, hồi cứu. Kết quả: Các loại mô thực hiện kỹ thuật cắt lạnh có kết quả chẩn đoán phù hợp với kỹ thuật thường quy với tỷ lệ cao (99.3%). Kết luận: Sinh thiết cắt lạnh ngày càng được thực hiện rộng rãi hơn trên nhiều loại bệnh phẩm khác nhau. Là phương pháp chẩn đoán mô bệnh học nhanh, độ chính xác 99.3%, thời gian thực hiện trung bình là 19.40 ± 6.33 phút.
Khảo sát số lượng tế bào bạch cầu hạt chưa trưởng thành trong máu ngoại vi bằng máy đếm tế bào tự động ở người từ tháng 10/2021 đến tháng 06/2022 tại Bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương
Authors: Hoàng Thái Việt Hoàng Thái Việt , Huỳnh Ngọc Tú Huỳnh Ngọc Tú
Published: June 2023

Mục tiêu: Xác định khoảng tham chiếu của chỉ số IG# và IG% của người bình thường và khoảng giá trị của bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng huyết trên hệ thống máy xét nghiệm Sysmex XN-2000 tại Bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Người có thực hiện xét nghiệm 'Tổng phân tích tế bào máu' trên hệ thống máy xét nghiệm Sysmex XN-2000 từ tháng 10/2021 đến tháng 06/2022 tại Bệnh viện Nguyễn Tri Phương. Nghiên cứu phân tích cắt ngang. Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 319 kết quả xét nghiệm có đủ tiêu chuẩn chọn mẫu từ tháng 10/2021 đến 06/2022. Qua đó ghi nhận được khoảng tham chiếu cho chỉ số IG# đối với người khỏe mạnh là 0.003 - 0.042 ± 0.039K/µL, và 0.07 - 0.56 ± 0.493% cho chỉ số IG%. Với người bệnh được chẩn đoán nhiễm trùng huyết, khoảng giá trị cho chỉ số IG# được ghi nhận là 0.02 - 2.000 K/µL và khoảng giá trị của chỉ số IG% 0.3 - 14.10%. Kết luận: Từ kết quả của nghiên cứu, đã tìm ra được khoảng tham chiếu của chỉ số bạch cầu hạt chưa trưởng thành (IG) trong máu ngoại vi của người khỏe mạnh và giá trị tham khảo đối với bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng huyết. Khoảng tham chiếu IG# của người bình thường là 0.003 - 0.042 ± 0.039K/µL và ở bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng huyết là 0.02 - 2.000 K/µL. Khoảng tham chiếu IG% của người bình thường là 0.07- 0.56 ± 0.493% và ở bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng huyết là 0.3 - 14.10 %.
Nghiên cứu sự tuân thủ thuốc và các yếu tố liên quan ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp điều trị tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất
Authors: Đoàn Thị Ngần Đoàn Thị Ngần , Hoàng Thị Tuyết Hoàng Thị Tuyết , Hà Thị Nhung Hà Thị Nhung , Phan Thị Cẩm Quyên Phan Thị Cẩm Quyên
Published: June 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Tăng huyết áp là bệnh phổ biến, thường gặp, là yếu tố nguy cơ cao của bệnh tim mạch ngày càng trở thành vấn đề sức khỏe toàn cầu, có tác động đến hàng triệu người trên thế giới. Có nhiều yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc kiểm soát huyết áp của người bệnh tăng huyết áp (THA) bao gồm: Sự tuân thủ dùng thuốc, hành vi luyện tập, sự giảm cân, hành vi ăn uống, ... Trong đó sự tuân thủ dùng thuốc là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng để giảm huyết áp ở người bệnh THA. Mục tiêu: nhằm tìm ra mối liên quan giữa sự tuân thủ dùng thuốc và kiểm soát huyết áp ở NB THA dùng làm cơ sở cho việc đề xuất kế hoạch can thiệp của Điều dưỡng trong tương lai. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: mô tả cắt ngang tại 1 thời điểm trên 299 người trong khoảng thời gian từ 01/02/2019 đến 30/4/2019. Sử dụng thang đo Morisky-8 các phân tích đơn biến, các biến phân loại được so sánh bằng cách sử dụng phép kiểm Chi-square. Kết quả: Kết quả cho thấy mức độ tuân thủ dùng thuốc của NB THA đạt mức độ trung bình (Trung bình = 6.25; độ lệch chuẩn = 1.724). Các yếu tố liên quan đến việc tuân thủ điều trị thuốc kém là tình trạng sức khỏe (p < 0.05). Kết luận: Gần một phần ba số người tham gia nghiên cứu đã được tìm thấy để có sự tuân thủ thấp.
Phân tích cơ cấu danh mục thuốc tại Ban Quân Y Bộ Tư lệnh Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2017
Authors: Phùng Đức Truyền Phùng Đức Truyền , Đỗ Xuân Thắng Đỗ Xuân Thắng , Cao Tấn Đỗ Cao Tấn Đỗ , Nguyễn Thị Hưởng Nguyễn Thị Hưởng
Published: June 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Để nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng thuốc, tiết kiệm chi phí trong việc cung ứng thuốc, đề tài “Phân tích danh mục thuốc đáp ứng cho nhu cầu sử dụng tại Ban Quân Y - Bộ Tư lệnh Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh (TP.HCM) năm 2017” được thực hiện. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Phân tích cơ cấu danh mục thuốc và phân tích ABC danh mục thuốc sử dụng tại Ban Quân Y - Bộ Tư lệnh TP.HCM năm 2017. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đối tượng nghiên cứu: danh mục thuốc sử dụng tại Ban Quân Y năm 2017. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: mô tả cắt ngang hồi cứu các số liệu về thuốc đã được sử dụng tại Ban Quân Y từ ngày 01/01/2017 đến 31/12/2017. Kết quả: Trong 292 khoản mục, thuốc tân dược chiếm 98.3% (287 khoản, thuốc đông y chiếm 1.7% (5 khoản mục). Trong đó, nhóm thuốc điều trị ký sinh trùng và chống nhiễm khuẩn chiếm 16.78%; thuốc sản xuất trong nước - 77.74%; thuốc đơn thành phần - 82.85%; thuốc dùng theo đường uống 79.11%. Phân tích ABC cho thấy nhóm A chiếm 20%; nhóm B chiếm 20% và nhóm C chiếm 60%. Kết luận: Danh mục thuốc sử dụng tại Ban Quân Y có 292 khoản mục đều nằm trong danh mục thuốc chủ yếu của Bộ Y tế. Phân tích cơ cấu danh mục theo các tiêu chí khác nhau cho thấy các nhóm có cơ cấu chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất bao gồm: nhóm thuốc điều trị ký sinh trùng, chống nhiễm khuẩn, thuốc sản xuất trong nước, thuốc đơn thành phần và thuốc đường uống. Phân tích danh mục ABC cho thấy thuốc nhóm A chiếm 20% về số lượng nhưng có giá trị tiêu thụ chiếm 75%, trong đó 4 nhóm thuốc chiếm tổng cộng trên 70% giá trị tiêu thụ lẫn số lượng khoản mục của nhóm A gồm thuốc điều trị ký sinh trùng, chống nhiễm khuẩn, thuốc giảm đau hạ sốt; chống viêm không steroid; thuốc điều trị gút và các bệnh xương khớp; thuốc tim mạch; khoáng chất và vitamin.
ҚAЗAҚ ЖӘНЕ ТҮРІК ӘДEБИEТТЕРIНДE ЛAҚAП ЕСІМДЕР ЖӘНE OНЫҢ БEPIЛУ CИПAТЫ
Authors: ZHIYENBAYEV Yerlan , ABDULKHAY Asiya
Published: June 2023

Әр халықтың өзіне тән тілдік ерекшеліктері бар. Бұл ерекшеліктердің ішінде лақап есім қою үрдісінің орны бөлек. Тұлғаның азан шақырып қойған есімімен қатар лақап немесе бүркеншік атының болуы да әдебиет саласында да кеңінен танымал. Мағынасы мен мәні үйлескен, айтуға оңай, ықшамдалған есімдерді байқап, таңдап қою - халықтың санасынан берік орын алған, жалпыхалықтық дәстүр. Көптеген тарихи оқиғалар арқылы аңыз адамдардың іс-әрекеті бүгінгі күнге жетіп, белгілі есімдері арқылы ұрпақтар жадынан орын алған. Осы тұрғыда қазақ және түрік әдебиеттерінде де ақын-жазушылардың лақап аттарды көптеп қолданғаны жасырын емес. Дегенмен, сан түрлі себептермен адам аттары өзгеріске ұшырап, тіпті кейбір зиялылардың аттары ұмыт болып, тарихи маңыздылығы күңгірт тартқан. Кейбірі саясаттың әсерінен бүркеншік есім пайдалануға мәжбүр болса, екінші бірі лақап ат қолдануды сән деп білген. Қазақ әдебиетінде танымал ақын жазушыларға құрмет көрсетіліп, «Ұлт ұзтазы», «Отан ақыны», «Жыр падишасы» т.б. есімдермен аталып жүргені белгілі. Бұл үдеріс түрік әдебиетінде де кеңінен қолданылған. Мақалада қазақ және түрік әдебиеттерінің ономатикалық кеңістігіндегі бүркеншік және жанама есімдер мен лақап аттардың түрлерін анықтау және себептерін көрсету мәселесі қарастырыла отырып, өскелең ұрпаққа есімдердің ортақ жəне өзіндік ерекшеліктерін нақтылай келе, оларды ажыратудың критерийлері ұсынылды. Қазақ және түрік зиялыларының қосалқы есімдерінің ортаға шығу себептері жан-жақты талданды. Сонымен қатар өткен ғасырда көптеп белең алған бұл дәстүрдің қазіргі жалғасы жайлы сөз қозғалып, лақап есімдерге қатысты бірнеше терминдердің мағынасы берілді.
KARS AĞZINDA SES VE ŞEKİL BİLGİSİ AÇISINDAN ARKAİK UNSURLAR
Authors: BAHTİYAROĞLU Alper
Published: June 2023

Kars, tarihî ve kültürel olarak köklü bir geçmişe sahiptir. Dil ve kültür açısından eski Türkçenin izlerini dil özelliklerinde ve söz varlığında yaşatan en zengin ağız gruplarındandır. Bu sebeple bütün Anadolu ağızlarında olduğu gibi Kars ağızlarında da standart Türkçeden farklı olarak Türk boylarının ağız özelliklerinin etkisi ile veya çeşitli sebeplerle kullanımına devam edilen birçok arkaik unsurun varlığı da dikkati çekmektedir. Söyleyişte karşımıza çıkan bu arkaik unsurlar, zaman içerisinde ya kullanımdan düşmüş ya da bölgesel olarak belli ağız gruplarıyla sınırlı kalmıştır.

Bu çalışmada Doğu Grubu Ağızlarından biri olan Kars ağızlarında ses ve şekil özellikleri bakımından Eski Türkçenin ve tarihî Türk lehçelerinin yansımaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Hem Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin hem de Doğu ve Kıpçak lehçelerinin etkisinin görüldüğü Kars ağızlarıyla ilgili yapılmış olan derleme çalışmalarından ve günlük hayatta kullanılan ağız özelliklerinden hareketle tespit ettiğimiz çeşitli ses ve şekil özellikleri tarihî lehçelerdeki kullanımlarına da yer verilerek tanıklarıyla gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu açıdan Kars ağızlarına bakıldığında “d > ≠, p > f, b > m” gibi Türkçenin ünsüz seslerinin doğal eğilimi olan açıklık derecesini arttırma yönlü olarak süreksiz seslerden sürekli seslere doğru bir değişimle arkaik ses özelliklerinin; “+n+Ø / +nı, gUçI” gibi bazı eklerin tarihî devirlerdeki biçimleriyle aynen kullanımlarının yanı sıra “ qına > ginAn, günen, yInAn, nen; mAzAm > mAnAm, mArAm; IpdIr > IfdIr > IfdI” gibi bazı eklerin de farklı kullanımlarıyla arkaik şekil özelliklerinin devam ettirildiği görülmektedir.