bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPHERICITY, INTERACTION, AND DUST IN THE TYPE II-P/II-L SUPERNOVA 2013EJ IN MESSIER 74
Authors: Mauerhan Jon C. , Van Dyk Schuyler D. , Johansson Joel , Hu Maokai , Fox Ori D. , Wang Lifan , Graham Melissa L. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Shivvers Isaac
Published: January 2017

SN 2013ej is a well-studied core-collapse supernova (SN) that stemmed from a directly identified red supergiant (RSG) progenitor in galaxy M74. The source exhibits signs of substantial geometric asphericity, X-rays from persistent interaction with circumstellar material (CSM), thermal emission from warm dust, and a light curve that appears intermediate between supernovae of Types II-P and II-L. The proximity of this source motivates a close inspection of these physical characteristics and their potential interconnection. We present multiepoch spectropolarimetry of SN 2013ej during the first 107 days and deep optical spectroscopy and ultraviolet through infrared photometry past ∼800 days. SN 2013ej exhibits the strongest and most persistent continuum and line polarization ever observed for a SN of its class during the recombination phase. Modeling indicates that the data are consistent with an oblate ellipsoidal photosphere, viewed nearly edge-on and probably augmented by optical scattering from circumstellar dust. We suggest that interaction with an equatorial distribution of CSM, perhaps the result of binary evolution, is responsible for generating the photospheric asphericity. Relatedly, our late-time optical imaging and spectroscopy show that asymmetric CSM interaction is ongoing, and the morphology of broad Hα emission from shock-excited ejecta provides additional evidence that the geometry of the interaction region is ellipsoidal. Alternatively, a prolate ellipsoidal geometry from an intrinsically bipolar explosion is also a plausible interpretation of the data but would probably require a ballistic jet of radioactive material capable of penetrating the hydrogen envelope early in the recombination phase. Finally, our latest space-based optical imaging confirms that the late interaction-powered light curve dropped below the stellar progenitor level, confirming the RSG star’s association with the explosion.
UNTANGLING THE NEAR-IR SPECTRAL FEATURES IN THE PROTOPLANETARY ENVIRONMENT OF KH 15D
Authors: Arulanantham Nicole A. , Herbst William , Gilmore Martha S. , Cauley P. Wilson , Leggett S. K.
Published: January 2017

We report on Gemini/GNIRS observations of the binary T Tauri system V582 Mon (KH 15D) at three orbital phases. These spectra allow us to untangle five components of the system: the photosphere and magnetosphere of star B, the jet, scattering properties of the ring material, and excess near-infrared (near-IR) radiation previously attributed to a possible self-luminous planet. We confirm an early-K subgiant classification for star B and show that the magnetospheric He i emission line is variable, possibly indicating increased mass accretion at certain times. As expected, the H2 emission features associated with the inner part of the jet show no variation with orbital phase. We show that the reflectance spectrum for the scattered light has a distinctive blue slope and spectral features consistent with scattering and absorption by a mixture of water and methane ice grains in the 1–50 μm size range. This suggests that the methane frost line is closer than ∼5 au in this system, requiring that the grains be shielded from direct radiation. After correcting for features from the scattered light, jet, magnetosphere, and photosphere, we confirm the presence of leftover near-IR light from an additional source, detectable near minimum brightness. A spectral emission feature matching the model spectrum of a 10 M
J, 1 Myr old planet is found in the excess flux, but other expected features from this model are not seen. Our observations, therefore, tentatively support the picture that a luminous planet is present within the system, although they cannot yet be considered definitive.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RADIO-LOUD AND RADIO-QUIET γ-RAY PULSARS AS REVEALED BY FERMI
Authors: Hui C. Y. , Lee Jongsu , Takata J. , Ng C. W. , Cheng K. S.
Published: January 2017

By comparing the properties of non-recycled radio-loud γ-ray pulsars and radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars, we have searched for the differences between these two populations. We found that the γ-ray spectral curvature of radio-quiet pulsars can be larger than that of radio-loud pulsars. Based on the full sample of non-recycled γ-ray pulsars, their distributions of the magnetic field strength at the light cylinder are also found to be different. We note that this might result from an observational bias. By reexamining the previously reported difference of γ-ray-to-X-ray flux ratios, we found that the significance can be hampered by their statistical uncertainties. In the context of the outer gap model, we discuss the expected properties of these two populations and compare with the possible differences that are identified in our analysis.
A CHALLENGING VIEW OF THE 2015 SUMMER V404 CYG OUTBURST AT HIGH ENERGY WITH INTEGRAL/SPI: THE FINALE*
Authors: Jourdain Elisabeth , Roques Jean-Pierre , Rodi James
Published: January 2017

During its strong outburst of 2015 June/July, the X-ray transient V404 Cygni (=GS2023+338) was observed up to a level of 50 Crab in the hard X-ray domain. We focus here on a particularly intense episode preceeding a definitive decline of the source activity. We benefit from large signal-to-noise ratios to investigate the source spectral variability, on a timescale of five minutes. A hardness–intensity study of three broad bands reveals clearly different behaviors at low and high energy (below and above ∼100 keV). In particular, on two occasions, the source intensity varies by a factor of 3–4 in amplitude while keeping the same spectral shape. On the other hand, at the end of the major flare, the emission presents a clear anticorrelation between flux and hardness. These behaviors strongly suggest the presence of two spectral components related to emission processes varying in a largely independent way. The first component (E < 100–150 keV) is classically identified with a Comptonizing thermal electron population, and requires either an unusual seed photon population or a specific geometry with strong absorbing/reflecting material. The second component is modeled by a cutoff power-law, which could correspond to a second hotter Comptonizing population or another mechanism (synchrotron, non-thermal Comptonization...). In the framework of such a model, hardness–intensity and flux–flux diagrams clearly demonstrate that the source evolution follows a well-organized underlying scheme. They reveal unique information about the hard X-ray emission processes and connections between them.
SPECTRAL-TIMING ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER kHz QPO IN THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY AQUILA X-1
Authors: Troyer Jon S. , Cackett Edward M.
Published: January 2017

Spectral-timing products of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) in low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems, including energy- and frequency-dependent lags, have been analyzed previously in 4U 1608-52, 4U 1636-53, and 4U 1728-34. Here, we study the spectral-timing properties of the lower kHz QPO of the neutron star LMXB Aquila X-1 for the first time. We compute broadband energy lags as well as energy-dependent lags and the covariance spectrum using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. We find characteristics similar to those of previously studied systems, including soft lags of ∼30 μs between the 3.0–8.0 keV and 8.0–20.0 keV energy bands at the average QPO frequency. We also find lags that show a nearly monotonic trend with energy, with the highest-energy photons arriving first. The covariance spectrum of the lower kHz QPO is well fit by a thermal Comptonization model, though we find a seed photon temperature higher than that of the mean spectrum, which was also seen in Peille et al. and indicates the possibility of a composite boundary layer emitting region. Lastly, we see in one set of observations an Fe K component in the covariance spectrum at 2.4-σ confidence, which may raise questions about the role of reverberation in the production of lags.
The Size Evolution of Star-forming Galaxies since z ∼ 7 Using ZFOURGE
Authors: Allen Rebecca J. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Glazebrook Karl , Labbé Ivo , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Spitler Lee R. , Cowley Michael , Nanayakkara Themiya , Papovich Casey , Quadri Ryan , Straatman Caroline M. S. , Tilvi Vithal , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: January 2017

For the first time, we present the size evolution of a mass-complete (log(M
*/M
⊙) > 10) sample of star-forming galaxies over redshifts z = 1–7, selected from the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey. Observed H-band sizes are measured from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/F160W imaging. Distributions of individual galaxy masses and sizes illustrate that a clear mass−size relation exists up to z ∼ 7. At z ∼ 7, we find that the average galaxy size from the mass−size relation is more compact at a fixed mass of log(M
*/M
⊙) = 10.1, with

kpc, than at lower redshifts. This is consistent with our results from stacking the same CANDELS HST/F160W imaging, when we correct for galaxy position angle alignment. We find that the size evolution of star-forming galaxies is well fit by a power law of the form

kpc, which is consistent with previous works for normal star-formers at 1 < z < 4. In order to compare our slope with those derived Lyman break galaxy studies, we correct for different IMFs and methodology and find a slope of −0.97 ± 0.02, which is shallower than that reported for the evolution of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z > 4 (

). Therefore, we conclude the LBGs likely represent a subset of highly star-forming galaxies that exhibit rapid size growth at z > 4.
HCV Genotype-1 Subtypes and Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Drug-Naive and in Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment Failure Patients
Authors: Gozlan Yael , Ben-Ari Ziv , Moscona Roy , Shirazi Rachel , Rakovsky Aviya , Kabat Arij , Veizman Ella , Berdichevski Tania , Weiss Peretz , Cohen-Ezra Oranit , Lurie Yoav , Gafanovich Inna , Braun Marius , Cohen-Naftaly Michal , Shlomai Amir , Shibolet Oren , Zigmond Ehud , Zuckerman Eli , Carmiel-Haggai Michal , Nimer Assy , Hazzan Rawi , Maor Yaakov , Kitay-Cohen Yona , Shemer-Avni Yonat , Kra-Oz Zipi , Schreiber Licita , Peleg Ofer , Sierra Saleta , Harrigan P Richard , Mendelson Ella , Mor Orna
Published: January 2017

Background

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment regimens and response rates of patients with HCV genotype-1 (GT1) are currently considered subtype-dependent. Identification of clinically relevant resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in the NS3 and NS5A proteins at baseline and in DAA failures, may also impact clinical decisions.

Methods

In a multicentre cohort study ( n=308), NS3 or NS5B sequencing ( n=248) was used to discriminate between GT1 subtypes. The correlation between baseline NS3 and NS5A RASs on the 12-week sustained virological response (SVR12) rates of 160 of the patients treated with second-generation DAAs was also assessed. Post-treatment resistance analysis was performed on samples from 58 patients exhibiting DAA virological failure.

Results

GT1a, GT1b and GT1d subtypes were identified in 23.0%, 75.4% and 1.2% of tested samples. GT1b was most prevalent (97.7%, 128/131) among patients born in the former Soviet Union. The Q80K NS3 RAS was identified in 17.5% (10/57) of the GT1a carriers, most of whom were Israeli-born. NS3 and NS5A baseline RASs showed a negligible correlation with SVR12 rates. Treatment-emergent RASs were observed among 8.9% (4/45) and 76.9% (10/13) of first- and second-generation DAA failures, respectively, with D168V/E (NS3), Y93H and L31M (NS5A) being the most prevalent mutations.

Conclusions

NS3 sequencing analysis can successfully discriminate between GT1 subtypes and identify NS3 amino acid substitutions. While pre-treatment NS3 and NS5A RASs marginally affect second-generation DAA SVR12 rates, post-treatment resistance analysis should be considered prior to re-therapy.
“Perhaps This Melody Could Still Be Found Somewhere.” Transcription Orientations in Slovenia in the Context of Slavic Connections
Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: January 2017

V prispevku skuša avtorica ugotoviti, kako so se oblikovali pogledi predhodnikov in oblikovalcev oziroma nosilcev glasbene folkloristike na Slovenskem. Pod drobnogled postavi uveljavljeno prepričanje, da je zapisovanje pesmi z melodijami narekovala šele velika zbirateljska akcija Das Volkslied in Österreich, Narodna pesem v Avstriji, ki je na Slovenskem stekla leta 1906. S pregledom in analizo starejših zbirateljskih konceptov in zbirateljskih praks želi pokazati, katere so bile prioritete v prepoznavanju nacionalnega in kako so se oblikovale, kakšno je bilo vrednotenje besedil in melodij ljudskih pesmi, hkrati pa tudi, kakšno vlogo je imelo pri tem naslanjanje na širše slovansko zaledje. Pri tem opazuje simbolične pomene, vezane na glasbene prakse, ki so segli od objav pesemskega izročila do iskanja »slovanskega inštrumenta«.
***
This article examines how the views of the predecessors of Slovenian music folklore studies developed, as well as the views of the discipline’s creators or bearers. It focuses on the established belief that transcribing songs with melodies was dictated only by the large-scale song-collection campaign Das Volkslied in Österreich (The Folk Song in Austria), which was carried out in Slovenia in 1906. By reviewing and analyzing old collection concepts and practices, the article reveals the priorities in identifying ethnic elements and how they developed, what the evaluation of folksong lyrics and melodies was like, and what role relying on the broader Slavic environment played in all of this. In this regard, it observes the symbolic meanings related to music practices, which ranged from the publication of song tradition to searching for a “Slavic instrument.”
A High-Accuracy Mechanical Quadrature Method for Solving the Axisymmetric Poisson's Equation
Authors: Li Hu , Huang Jin
Published: January 2017

In this article, we consider the numerical solution for Poisson's equation in axisymmetric geometry. When the boundary condition and source term are axisymmetric, the problem reduces to solving Poisson's equation in cylindrical coordinates in the two-dimensional (r,z) region of the original three-dimensional domain S. Hence, the original boundary value problem is reduced to a two-dimensional one. To make use of the Mechanical quadrature method (MQM), it is necessary to calculate a particular solution, which can be subtracted off, so that MQM can be used to solve the resulting Laplace problem, which possesses high accuracy order and low computing complexities. Moreover, the multivariate asymptotic error expansion of MQM accompanied with for all mesh widths hi is got. Hence, once discrete equations with coarse meshes are solved in parallel, the higher accuracy order of numerical approximations can be at least by the splitting extrapolation algorithm (SEA). Meanwhile, a posteriori asymptotic error estimate is derived, which can be used to construct self-adaptive algorithms. The numerical examples support our theoretical analysis.
Robust Semi-Discrete and Fully Discrete Hybrid Stress Finite Element Methods for Elastodynamic Problems
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Xie Xiaoping
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes semi-discrete and fully discrete hybrid stress quadrilateral finite element methods for 2-dimensional linear elastodynamic problems. The methods use a 4 node hybrid stress quadrilateral element in the space discretization. In the fully discrete scheme, an implicit second-order scheme is adopted in the time discretization. We derive optimal a priori error estimates for the two schemes and an unconditional stability result for the fully discrete scheme. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
On the Generation of Instability Tollmien-Schlichting Waves by Free-Stream Turbulence
Authors: Shen Luyu , Lu Changgen
Published: January 2017

The beginning of the transition from the laminar to a turbulent flow is usually the generation of instability Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves in the boundary layer. Previously, most numerical and experimental researches focused on generating instability T-S waves through the external disturbances such as acoustic waves and vortical disturbances interacting with wall roughness or at the leading-edge of flatplate, whereas only a few paid attention to the excitation of the T-S waves directly by free-stream turbulence (FST). In this study, the generating mechanism of the temporal mode T-S waves under free-stream turbulence is investigated by using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and fast Fourier transform. Wave packets superposed by a group of stability, neutral and instability T-S waves are discovered in the boundary layer. In addition, the relation between the amplitude of the imposed free-stream turbulence and the amplitude of the excited T-S wave is also obtained.
An Immersed Finite Element Method for the Elasticity Problems with Displacement Jump
Authors: Kyeong Daehyeon , Kwak Do Young
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we propose a finite element method for the elasticity problems which have displacement discontinuity along the material interface using uniform grids. We modify the immersed finite element method introduced recently for the computation of interface problems having homogeneous jumps [20, 22]. Since the interface is allowed to cut through the element, we modify the standard Crouzeix-Raviart basis functions so that along the interface, the normal stress is continuous and the jump of the displacement vector is proportional to the normal stress. We construct the broken piecewise linear basis functions which are uniquely determined by these conditions. The unknowns are only associated with the edges of element, except the intersection points. Thus our scheme has fewer degrees of freedom than most of the XFEM type of methods in the existing literature [1,8,13]. Finally, we present numerical results which show optimal orders of convergence rates.
Hill-Climbing Algorithm with a Stick for Unconstrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Huang Yunqing , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2017

Inspired by the behavior of the blind for hill-climbing using a stick to detect a higher place by drawing a circle, we propose a heuristic direct search method to solve the unconstrained optimization problems. Instead of searching a neighbourhood of the current point as done in the traditional hill-climbing, or along specified search directions in standard direct search methods, the new algorithm searches on a surface with radius determined by the motion of the stick. The significant feature of the proposed algorithm is that it only has one parameter, the search radius, which makes the algorithm convenient in practical implementation. The developed method can shrink the search space to a closed ball, or seek for the final optimal point by adjusting search radius. Furthermore our algorithm possesses multi-resolution feature to distinguish the local and global optimum points with different search radii. Therefore, it can be used by itself or integrated with other optimization methods flexibly as a mathematical optimization technique. A series of numerical tests, including high-dimensional problems, have been well designed to demonstrate its performance.
De Pegamo et Lambergare
Authors: Hriberšek Matej
Published: January 2017

De Pegamo et Lambergare (nuga translatoria a Matthaeo Hriberšek Latine reddita versibusque originalibus pacta)
Nec spinae terrent: ob osemdesetletnici Primoža Simonitija
Authors: Movrin David
Published: January 2017

Decembra 1936, ko se je rodil na Golniku, se je Evropa že pospešeno pripravljala na novo katastrofo; in vojna, ki jo je doživel kot otrok, mu je prihranila marsikakšno iluzijo o človeški naravi. Po osnovni šoli z nemško učiteljico in njenimi pritožbami staršem (»er hat Slowenisch geschrieben«) in nižji gimnaziji v Slovenj Gradcu je hodil na mariborsko klasično v nelahkem obdobju, ko so morali z nje med grmenjem ideologov oditi Peter Božič, Polde Bibič in Jože Pučnik, pa tudi njegov sošolec in kasnejši duhovnik Jože Topolovec; ter se po maturi vpisal na Filozofsko fakulteto, kjer je diplomiral leta 1959.
Recto nomine nuncupari: ob rob k razpravi o slovenjenju antičnih imen
Authors: Pobežin Gregor
Published: January 2017

Besedilo tematizira vprašanje slovenjenja antičnih imen v slovenskih prevodih del pomembnejših antičnih zgodovinopiscev, še bolj pa vprašanje razsežnosti njihovega »preoblikovanja« oziroma uporabe v vsakokrat prisotnih političnih razmerah; morda najpomembnejši tovrsten primer je gradnja navideznega etimološkega mostu med imenom germanskega kneza Arminija in sodobnim nemškim imenom Hermann, ki je v povezavi z mitizirano recepcijo zgodovine iz nacionalno motivirane etimološke poenostavitve prerasla v literarni topos z močnim političnim nabojem.
The effect of shell secretion rate on Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca ratios in biogenic calcite as observed in a belemnite rostrum
Authors: Ullmann Clemens Vinzenz , Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Isotopic ratios and concentrations of the alkaline earth metals Mg and Sr in biogenic calcite are of great importance as proxies for environmental parameters. In particular, the Mg / Ca ratio as a temperature proxy has had considerable success. It is often hard to determine, however, which parameter ultimately controls the concentration of these elements in calcite. Here, multiple Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca transects through a belemnite rostrum of Passaloteuthis bisulcata (Blainville, 1827) are used to isolate the effect of calcite secretion rate on incorporation of Mg and Sr into the calcite. With increasing calcite secretion rate Mg / Ca ratios decrease and Sr / Ca ratios in the rostrum increase. In the studied specimen this effect is found to be linear for both element ratios over a calcite secretion rate increase of ca. 150 %. Mg / Ca ratios and Sr / Ca ratios show a linear co-variation with increasing relative growth rate, where a 100 % increase in growth rate leads to a (8.1 ± 0.9) % depletion in Mg and a (5.9 ± 0.7) % enrichment in Sr. The magnitude of the calcite secretion rate effect on Mg is (37 ± 4) % greater than that on Sr. These findings are qualitatively confirmed by a geochemical transect through a second rostrum of Passaloteuthis sp. Growth rate effects are well defined in rostra of Passaloteuthis, but only account for a minor part of chemical heterogeneity. Biasing effects on palaeoenvironmental studies can be minimized by informed sampling, whereby the apex and apical line of the rostrum are avoided.
Scaling down hyporheic exchange flows: from catchments to reaches
Authors: Magliozzi Chiara , Grabowski Robert , Packman Aaron I. , Krause Stefan
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Rivers are not isolated systems but continuously interact with the subsurface from upstream to downstream. In the last few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) from many perspectives has increased appreciation of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river and groundwater systems. Although recent reviews, modelling and field studies have explored hydrological, biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at relatively small scales (bedforms to reaches), a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the hyporheic exchange flows (HEF) at larger scales is still missing. To date, there is fragmentary information on how hydroclimatic, hydrogeologic, topographic, anthropogenic and ecological factors interact to drive hyporheic exchange flows at large scales. Further evidence is needed to link hyporheic exchange flows across scales. This review aims to conceptualize interacting factors at catchment, valley and reach scales that control spatial and temporal variations in hyporheic exchange flows. The implications of these drivers are discussed for each scale, and co-occurrences across scale are highlighted in a case of study. By using a multi-scale perspective, this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify broad and general patterns of HEF in different catchments. This multi-scale perspective is useful to devise approaches to interpret hyporheic exchange across multiscale heterogeneities, to infer scaling relationships, and to inform watershed management decisions.
A mode-localized MEMS electrical potential sensor based on three electrically coupled resonators
Authors: Zhao Chun , Wood Graham S. , Pu Suan Hui , Kraft Michael
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We report a new class of MEMS resonant potential sensor based on the mode localization effect using a 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) electrically weakly coupled resonator system. As opposed to previously reported electrically coupled 2DoF mode-localized resonant sensors, it can be shown in theory that the 3DoF structure has an improved sensitivity without sacrificing signal transduction, in addition to a reduced nonideal effect with regard to the vibration amplitudes and the motional currents. Experimentally, it has also been shown that several orders of magnitude higher sensitivity can be achieved compared to frequency shift and 2DoF mode-localized sensor. In the best case, we are able to demonstrate over 4 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to frequency shift as an output signal. Compared to current state-of-the art 2DoF mode-localized sensor, the highest sensitivity improvement is over 123 times. An estimation of the noise floor of the sensor is 614 µV / √Hz for potential sensing, or an equivalent 57.6e / √Hz for charge sensing, and a dynamic range of 66.3 dB can be achieved. Furthermore, two different approaches for detection were investigated, perturbing the stiffness in the form of either an axial electrostatic force or a change in electrostatic spring. We were able to demonstrate that the approach of changing electrostatic spring is more sensitive than its counterpart.
The Importance of Context in Management Education: A Report
Authors: Morris Mervin , Tsakissiris Jane
Published: January 2017

Engaging large first year classes in tertiary education poses a number of significant challenges, many of which have been addressed in the literature. One area that has not received the kind of attention it warrants is the context within which student learning takes place. This paper reports on the processes used to engage a large first year management class in an Australian university and how the context of the classes shaped activities and student responses to these activities. A key finding was the explicit acknowledgement of the role of context in shaping student behaviours and thus impacting on student engagement and learning outcomes.
Modern Management Pedagogies and the Big Business of Business Education
Authors: Grant-Smith Deanna , Donnet Tim
Published: January 2017

Management education has the potential to play a vital role in today’s dynamic business environment. Management degrees continue to experience strong enrolments at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level. However, despite, or perhaps as a result of this popularity, management educators face a number of challenges associated with the changing demographics of the student cohort and the large size of classes. Responding to these challenges has resulted in the need for management educators to adopt innovative teaching strategies.

This special issue of the Journal of Learning Design considers a range of pedagogical innovations and reflections that are focussed on these challenges and what they mean for the ways management education is done in and beyond the classroom.

 
Errors in Second/Foreign Language Learning and Their Interpretations
Authors: Wood Julia Falla
Published: January 2017

The aim of this article is to try to understand why the results of studies on errors in second language learning undertaken for several decades are diverse or even divergent. Some of these studies state that the mother tongue (L1) plays an important role in the learning process not only at the beginning, but also at higher levels of competency while others deny the influence of the mother tongue. The results of 60 studies on errors over a period of 40 years were contrasted to find out if a link existed between the theoretical foundations, and the interpretation of data, and conclusions of those studies. The results of the meta-analysis of studies whose theoretical foundations were related to operational cognitive strategies showed a continuum from partial to an important role of L1, and those related to order of acquisition, universal sequences showed a non-influence of L1. Another possible cause for this discrepancy was found in the method used to classify the errors. Finally, a possible cause could have been the methodological difficulties concerning the reliability and validity of the data. Only one third of the studies applied the control of bias and the triangulation of data.
Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element Methods for Convection-Diffusion Problems and Their Relationships with Finite Volume: The Multi-Dimensional Case
Authors: Fortin Michel , Mounim Abdellatif Serghini
Published: January 2017

We introduced in (Fortin & Serghini Mounim, 2005) a new method which allows us to extend the connection between the finite volume and dual mixed hybrid (DMH) methods to advection-diffusion problems in the one-dimensional case. In the present work we propose to extend the results of (Fortin & Serghini Mounim, 2005) to multidimensional hyperbolic and parabolic problems. The numerical approximation is achieved using the Raviart-Thomas (Raviart & Thomas, 1977) finite elements of lowest degree on triangular or rectangular partitions. We show the link with numerous finite volume schemes by use of appropriate numerical integrations. This will permit a better understanding of these finite volume schemes and the large number of DMH results available could carry out their analysis in a unified fashion. Furthermore, a stabilized method is proposed. We end with some discussion on possible extensions of our schemes.
Long-term site fidelity and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil
Authors: Di Giacomo Amanda Baron , Ott Paulo Henrique
Published: January 2017

The occurrence of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil, is described based on a photo-identification study conducted between January 2009 and February 2010. A total of 128 survey days were conducted with an average observation effort of 2.6 hours per day (SD = 0.6). Approximately 2050 photographs were taken from a shore land location at the mouth of the estuary. A total of nine dolphins were identified, including three calves. The dolphins were observed during all seasons, with a greater frequency during fall (79.3% of the days) and winter (60.7% of the days). The summer presented the lowest occurrence (2.4% of the days) of dolphins. During the entire study period, the maximum number of individuals sighted in any given day ranged from one to seven (average = 2.8 dolphins; SD = 1.35; n = 51). The residence indices, based on the resighting frequency of dolphins during the study period, ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 (average = 0.13; SD = 0.08; n = 9). However, most of the animals (67%) were resighted in over five months during a year and could be classified as residents. Longterm site fidelity was detected by resightings of four dolphins for over 18 years. These data combined reinforce the importance of the Tramandaí Estuary for the common bottlenose dolphins in the region and highlight the need for local conservation efforts to guarantee the long-term persistence of these coastal populations.
Report of the Working Group on Interactions between Humans and Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fruet Pedro Friedrich , Zappes Camilah A. , Bisi Tatiana L. , Simões-Lopes Paulo César , Laporta Paula , Loureiro Julio D. , Flores Paulo André C.
Published: January 2017

In this work we compiled the available information about humans and bottlenose dolphin interactions in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), including issues as historical direct takes, incidental captures in fisheries, positive interactions with fisheries, interactions of dolphins with tourism and boat traffic, habitat modification or degradation, and environmental pollution. The data compiled in this review demonstrated that coastal bottlenose dolphins are under anthropogenic pressure in the SWAO. Direct take of bottlenose dolphins in the wild does not appear to be an issue of conservation concern in the SWAO. Although the species is exposed to bioaccumulation of micropollutants, it is suggested that contamination level is lower when compared to bottlenose dolphins from other continents. Coastal works can impact bottlenose dolphin behavior and habitat use in a short-term, but those seem to be reversible when works stop. Bycatch occurs throughout the species distribution and seems to be occasional in Uruguayan and Argentinean waters, where there is evidence of a historic decline in dolphin sightings. In Brazil, bycatch is apparently low in the northeast and southeast coasts, but is frequent in certain areas of southern Brazil. Studies on the subject are scarce or preliminary and a great effort is still required to understand the real impact of human activities on bottlenose dolphins in the SWAO.
Report of the Working Group on the Behavioral Ecology of bottlenose dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Domit Camila , Laporta Paula , Zappes Camilah A. , Lodi Liliane , Hoffmann Lilian S. , Genoves Rodrigo , Fruet Pedro Friedrich , Azevedo Alexandre F.
Published: January 2017

In this report, we present a compilation of the behavioral patterns of bottlenose dolphins and social structure throughout the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. We have compiled and summarized available data concerning: (i) behavioral activities (states and events), (ii) social structures (group size and composition), (iii) acoustic behavior and (iv) intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphin populations throughout the SWAO, from northern Brazil to southern Argentina. Lack of systematic and standardized methodologies for data collection precludes robust data analyses in respect of bottlenose dolphin behavior. Available information suggests that the studied populations presented weak intra-population associations and that coastal individuals tend to form smaller groups than their oceanic counterparts. Bottlenose dolphins from SWAO produce stylized whistles in which the acoustic parameters are similar to published ranges around the world and some results indicate significant local inter-population variation in the acoustic parameters of the whistles. Data of intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphins in the SWAO are scarce and therefore do not fully allow a comprehensive analysis of the situational contexts.
Des rois, du patrimoine et de la démocratie au Bénin
Authors: Tall Kadya Emmanuelle
Published: January 2017

Dans cet article, je m’interroge sur le retour des rois dans l’espace public au Bénin. En effet, depuis les premiers temps de la colonisation, les royautés précoloniales sont sous le regard attentif des gouvernants qui, en les patrimonialisant, s’arrogent leur puissance. Mettant en regard la théorie de Louis Marin de la re-présentation comme pouvoir à travers quelques portraits de rois ayant émergé depuis la Conférence nationale avec la théorie de Claude Lefort du lieu du pouvoir en démocratie comme place vide, j’émets l’hypothèse selon laquelle le roi comme représentation de l’autorité précoloniale se nourrit d’images de puissance qui alimentent la démocratisation et les processus de décentralisation dans le Bénin contemporain.
The Government of Canada and Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pocius Gerald L.
Published: January 2017

Over the past twenty years, what constitutes a culture’s heritage has been debated amongst those responsible for governmental policies, as well as the constituents that governments serve. While heritage has often focused on tangible items – architecture and the material world – recent policies have broadened the focus to include the intangible: knowledge, ideas, performances, beliefs handed down for generations. Many national and international agencies – lead by UNESCO – now have policies and programs that deal with intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Within the Canadian context, the federal government has had differing interpretations of the importance of this type of heritage. Most recently, in spite of initial involvement in its drafting, the Department of Canadian Heritage has decided not to support UNESCO’s new international ICH Convention, which went into force in April, 2006, and now includes more than 160 countries that have ratified it. Historically, provincial governments and NGOs across Canada have been more involved with ICH, and it is here that the most recent initiatives are occurring. The changing stance of the Department of Canadian Heritage on this topic may well be related to specific figures involved, unspoken fears of legal repercussions, and the lobbying of special interest heritage groups.
Ta’zie (Religious Theatre) vs. Noruz (the New Year and its Rituals)
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: January 2017

Above and beyond a legitimate concern with preserving intangible cultural “treasures” and “masterpieces,” what are the extra-heritage issues that tend to slip beneath UNESCO’S applications for recognition and listing? Through an examination of recent projects presented by Iran, the author proposes to carry out a modest ethnography that addresses the meaning of these applications, ethnography being in the words of Clifford Geertz (Geertz 1983: 152), “an enterprise […] whose aim is to render obscure matters intelligible by providing them with an informing context.”
Good intentions and the public good
Authors: Laforet Andrea
Published: January 2017

For more than one hundred years Canada’s national museum of human history, called, successively, the National Museum of Canada, the National Museum of Man, the Canadian Museum of Civilization, and, most recently, the Canadian Museum of History, has documented and assembled a record of intangible cultural heritage relating to various cultural groups. Originally collected and currently preserved under legislative mandates resting on broad assumptions about the public interest, this material includes a substantial body of narrative, song and information relating to both past and contemporary cultural practice of societies indigenous to Canada. This paper explores the issues for concepts of nationhood, knowledge and the public interest raised by the contractual agreements, legislation on topics ranging from copyright to family law, treaty negotiations between Aboriginal people and the Government of Canada, and consultation concerning different cultural definitions of property and the sacred that affect day-to-day access to and use of Aboriginal intangible heritage in the museum. Finally, the paper explores potential issues for the continuation of this work raised by the museum’s narrowing of focus and mandate as it changes from the Canadian Museum of Civilization to the Canadian Museum of History.
La captation patrimoniale des savoir-faire horlogers au risque de leur transmission
Authors: Munz Hervé
Published: January 2017

À partir d’une ethnographie de la transmission du métier d’horloger réalisée dans diverses écoles professionnelles de l’Arc jurassien suisse, cet article entend critiquer le paradigme de « patrimoine culturel immatériel » et l’ambition de sauvegarde des « savoir-faire traditionnels » qu’exprime laConvention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel(2003) de l’UNESCO. La description de caractéristiques propres à la didactique professionnelle et à la manière dont les acteurs qui la mettent en oeuvre qualifient ce qu’est une compétence en horlogerie permet tout d’abord de montrer que la Convention ne peut pas constituer un opérateur de transmission du savoir horloger. En deuxième lieu, il convient de relever que la figure de la transmission que la Convention met en exergue est anthropocentrée et que les dynamiques d’apprentissage du métier dans le cadre scolaire l’invalident. Elles font en effet des objets d’importants opérateurs de transmission de la gestualité et des techniques horlogères. Enfin, l’auteur fait voir que la distinction entre paradigme pédagogique (basé sur un impératif de transparence) et paradigme initiatique (qui fait la part belle aux secrets) ne permet pas de caractériser l’apprentissage dans le cadre des écoles d’horlogerie. La transmission horlogère s’opère également dans des pratiques de voilement/dévoilement sans que l’explicitation des savoirs en soit toujours une condition, ce qui contrarie fortement le principe de sauvegarde qu’incarne la Convention.
« Passions ordinaires »1 ou nouveaux objets patrimoniaux ?
Authors: Lamothe Mathilde
Published: January 2017

Le thème du sport est longtemps resté un champ d’études inexploré – voire même une « sous-culture » – en raison de son caractère peu « scientifique », sa connotation populaire ou associée à la vie quotidienne. Pourtant le sport et la culture restent liés de manière intrinsèque puisqu’il révèle des facettes particulières de la société qui le façonne et permet d’analyse des fondements et des évolutions de notre culture. L’étude du patrimoine sportif et de la patrimonialisation de pratiques sportives apparait comme un nouvel objet d’étude, apportant un éclairage sur les processus de transmission de ces expressions culturelles dans le temps et dans l’espace. Ces jeux ou sports traditionnels s’ancrent dans la modernité en évoluant techniquement, institutionnellement et structurellement; tout en exprimant les valeurs reconnues par l’UNESCO en tant que patrimoine culturel immatériel.
Treatment of Class III Malocclusion in an Adolescent with Banded RPE/Face Mask and Self-Ligating System
Authors: Dwita Pratiwi Dwita Pratiwi , Soegiharto Benny Mulyono
Published: January 2017

This case report describes the treatment of a 12-years-old female with a Class III skeletal profile and dental malocclusion. The clinical examination showed concave profile, class III dental relationship, buccal crossbite on the right side, and mild crowding. The cervical vertebral maturation analysis showed the patient was on the CS3 stage. The class III malocclusion was treated with combination of banded rapid palatal expander and face mask followed by non-extraction orthodontic treatment with self-ligating system. Banded rapid palatal expander and face mask were used to improve the skeletal discrepancy. Class I maxilla-mandibular relationship was achieved along with class I molar, incisor, and canine relationship. The buccal crossbite and mild crowding were corrected, the overbite and overjet were normal, and the facial profile was improved. This case demonstrates a good result of a class III malocclusion treatment in an adolescent patient with banded rapid palatal expander/face mask and self-ligating system.
Transverse Strength of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin After Immersed in 0, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash (In Vitro)
Authors: Rusdi Annisa Mayang , Syafiar Lasminda , Yudhit Astrid
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin after immersed in 0,2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes.

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with posttest only group design. The samples were heat cured acrylic resin plate with size 65mm x 10mm x 2,5mm. Polymerization of the heat cured acrylic was done by water bath (74 °C for 2hrs followed by 100 °C for 1hr). Totally 30 samples were prepared and divided into 5 groups (n=6) which are group I as control, and others were immersed in 0, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, group II (15 minutes), group III (30 minutes), group IV (45 minutes) and group V (60 minutes) respectively. The transverse strength was test using Torsee’s Universal Testing machine, Japan with crosshead 1/10 mm/seconds. The data was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA (p≤0,005).

Results: Means and Standard deviation of Transverse strength were 92.382±11.786 N/mm2, 92.186±13.349 N/mm2,92.578±12.492 N/mm2, 92.382±13.939 N/mm2, and 91.989±12.285 N/mm2 for group I, II, III, IV, and V respectively. Statistic analyzed showed no significant difference among groups with p value= 1,000 (p < 0, 05).

Conclusion: The immersion in 0, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash at different period does not changed transverse strength of heat cured acrylic resin.
Effectiveness of Kaempferia Galanga Linn Rhizome's Extract Towards the Healing of Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in RSGMP USU's Patients
Authors: Tambunan Laurenzia Veronica , Lubis Wilda Hafny
Published: January 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Kaempferiae galanga L extract on the healing speed of minor RAS ulcer through its decrease in size and the scale of soreness.

Methods: This is an experimental research using one group pretest-posttest design. The sample chosen in this research is nonprobability sampling which is a purposive sampling which consists of 16 patients who has minor RAS and who pays a visit to RSGMP USU. The data is collected by doing an early examination of RAS about its location, size and the scale of soreness which later will be controlled for the first three days. Analysis data is done by using ANOVA Repeated to determine the difference between the observation of RAS before and after treatment.

Results: The results of this research showed that it is statistically significant on its decreasing size of ulcer (p<0,05), on the first day, second day and third day of control. The scale of soreness shows a significant result as well (p<0,05) on the first day, second day and third day of control.

Conclusion: The overall results shows there is a decrease in the size of the ulcer and its soreness which concludes, the gel of its extract can be used as an alternative therapy for the treatment of minor RAS.
Denture Essential Kit: An Introduction
Authors: LH Lim , ZW Lim , A Ashar , NA Tarib , TK Ho , M Ahmad
Published: January 2017

Good denture hygiene is an important component of oral health and in prevention of oral mucosal lesions. The strategies to provide impactful advice include denture education combined with a demonstration using a Denture Essential Kit (DEK).

Aim: To introduce DEK and to evaluate the effectiveness of denture hygiene delivery among denture wearers and clinicians.

Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients were recruited in this study (n=78). A set of questionnaire was given during denture delivery to assess the knowledge and habits on denture care before introduction of DEK. All patients were given denture hygiene in 3 methods: (i) verbally, (ii) brochure presentation and (iii) demonstration. Feedback among clinicians towards introduction of DEK was collected (n=80).

Results: From 78 patients, 25 were first time denture wearers (32.1%) while 53 were previous denture wearers (67.9%). Out of 67.9%, 56.6% claimed that they had never received instructions on denture care during previous delivery stage. All patients showed significant effect on acknowledgment of receiving instructions on denture care (p<0.05). 99% of clinicians agreed that introduction of DEK is useful while giving denture hygiene instructions.

Conclusion: Denture Essential Kit issued to patients during delivery appointment positively influenced their denture care perspective. Almost all clinicians agreed that DEK is beneficial to patient’s overall health.