bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of an additional application of sealer prior to backfilling in the Continuous Wave of Condensation technique
Authors: Ahmed Humza , Ratnayake Jithendra , Cathro Peter , Chandler Nick
Published: July 2022

An additional sealer application was investigated prior to backfilling with the Continuous Wave of Condensation (CWC). 105 Palatal roots were sectioned and prepared to a file size 40, 0.06 taper with Vortex Blue® files. Groups A, B and C had a single sealer application before while groups D, E and F, received a second application of dyed sealer prior to backfilling. Roots were sectioned at 2,3,4,6,7 and 8 mm from the root apex. The percentage of sealer and dentinal tubular penetration depth was calculated at each level. At each ascending level, the sealer percentage decreased for each experimental group while the number of outer third penetration depths increased when all groups were combined. An additional sealer application prior to backfilling had minimal effect on the percentage of sealer or outer third penetration depths and can be considered a clinical preference rather than an imperative step with the CWC technique.
Prognostic markers including immune and inflammatory factors predict outcomes in patients receiving postoperative radiation therapy for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Mukai Yuki , Matsuyama Ryusei , Sugiura Madoka , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Taniuchi Risa , Homma Yuki , Hashimoto Kotaro , Miyake Kentaro , Tabuchi Yuya , Endo Itaru , Hata Masaharu
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze treatment outcomes and prognostic markers, including immune and inflammatory factors, of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) administered to patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

Methods

We retrospectively included 59 patients with CCA who underwent surgery and postoperative RT with curative intent from 2004 to 2019. Patients received external irradiation (50 Gy in 25 fractions) using three‐dimensional RT. We analyzed prognostic factors of inflammation, such as pre‐RT platelet count, hemoglobin, lymphocyte count ratio (LCR) of the leukocyte count, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Results

Tumor stages were distributed as follows: I (n = 8), II (n = 25), III (n = 15), and IVA (n = 11). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Two‐year overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival (CSS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and locoregional control (LRC) rates were 59.5%, 62.0%, 40.1%, and 66.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that lower LCR was significantly associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.0446). There was no significant difference between the median baseline values of PLR and NLR; and age ≥75, positive regional lymph node metastases (N+), and chemotherapy after RT were significantly associated with poor OS. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association of N+ with worse OS, PFS, and CSS and that lower LCR was significantly associated with better PFS (p = 0.0234). Among late toxicity events, two patients (3.38%) were suspected with therapy‐related liver toxicity.

Conclusions

Lower LCR before RT was a better prognostic factor for postoperative RT of patients with CCA.
Streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in rats modifies the role D2, D3and D4dopamine receptors play in cardiac sympathetic inhibition
Authors: Rivera‐Mancilla Eduardo , Altamirano‐Espinoza Alain H. , Manrique‐Maldonado Guadalupe , Villanueva‐Castillo Belinda , Villalón Carlos M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitusis associated with abnormalities in peripheral/central catecholaminergic systems, including changes in catecholamine levels and receptor expression.

Objective

Since quinpirole‐induced cardiac sympathetic inhibition is greater in diabetic than in normoglycemic rats, this study pharmacologically investigated the dopamine D2‐like receptor subtypes that mediate cardiac sympathetic inhibition in diabetic (streptozotocin [STZ]‐pretreated) pithed rats.

Methods

Fifty male Wistar rats were pretreated with STZ, pithed and conditioned for spinal stimulation (C7‐T1) of the tachycardic sympathetic tone. The resulting increases in heart rate were evaluated following i.v. blocking doses of antagonists at D2, D3and D4receptors during a continuous i.v. infusion of quinpirole (an agonist at D2‐like receptors) or saline (vehicle).

Results

With this experimental approach, the cardiac sympathetic inhibition produced by quinpirole in diabetic rats was: (i) unchanged after administration of vehicles and; (ii) abolished by the antagonists L‐741,626 (D2), SB‐277011‐A (D3) or L‐745,870 (D4).

Conclusion

These findings in diabetic pithed rats imply that: (i) the cardiac sympathetic inhibition by quinpirole involves activation of D2/3/4dopamine receptors; and (ii) there is a differential stimulation of these receptors compared to normoglycemic rats. These D2/3/4receptor subtypes could be a novel drug target for the therapy of typical cardiac complications of diabetes.
Thermochronometry unveils ancient thermal regimes in the NW Pampean Ranges, Argentina: From Mesozoic rifting to Miocene flat‐slab subduction
Authors: Ezpeleta Miguel , Parra Mauricio , Collo Gilda , Wunderlin Cecilia , Borrego Angeles G. , Sobel Edward R. , Glodny Johannes
Published: July 2022

Reconstructing thermal histories in thrust belts is commonly used to infer the age and rates of thrusting and hence the driving mechanisms of orogenesis. In areas where ancient basins have been incorporated into the orogenic wedge, a quantitative reconstruction of the thermal history helps distinguish among potential mechanisms responsible for heating events. We present such a reconstruction for the Ischigualasto‐Villa Unión basin in the western Pampean Ranges of Argentina, where Triassic rifting and late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic retroarc foreland basin development has been widely documented, including Miocene flat‐slab subduction. We report results of organic and inorganic thermal indicators acquired along three stratigraphic sections, including vitrinite reflectance and X‐ray diffractometry in claystones and new thermochronological [(apatite fission‐track and apatite and zircon [U‐Th]/He)] analyses. Despite up to 5 km‐thick Cenozoic overburden and unlike previously thought, the thermal peak in the basin is not due to Cenozoic burial but occurred in the Triassic, associated with a high heat flow of up to 90 mWm−2 and <2 km of burial, which heated the base of the Triassic strata to ~160°C. Following exhumation, attested by the development of an unconformity between the Triassic and Late‐Cretaceous–Cenozoic sequences, Cenozoic re‐burial increased the temperature to ~110°C at the base of the Triassic section and only ~50°C 7 km upsection, suggesting a dramatic decrease in the thermal gradient. The onset of Cenozoic cooling occurred at ~10−8 Ma, concomitant with sediment accumulation and thus preceding the latest Miocene onset of thrusting that has been independently documented by stratigraphic–cross‐cutting relationships. We argue that the onset of cooling is associated with lithospheric refrigeration following establishment of flat‐slab subduction, leading to the eastward displacement of the asthenospheric wedge beneath the South American plate. Our study places time and temperature constraints on flat‐slab cooling that calls for a careful interpretation of exhumation signals in thrustbelts inferred from thermochronology only.
Reduced predation by arthropods and higher herbivory in burned Amazonian forests
Authors: Queiroz Elenir Aparecida , Schoereder José Henrique , Cornelissen Tatiana Garabini , Brando Paulo Monteiro , Maracahipes Leandro , Paolucci Lucas Navarro
Published: July 2022

Biodiversity losses have increased in tropical forests due to fire‐related disturbances. As landscape fragmentation and climate change increase, fires will become more frequent and widespread across tropical rain forests worldwide, with important implications for forest dynamics by altering plant–animal interactions. Here we tested the hypothesis that recurrent fires in tropical rain forests change bottom‐up and top‐down forces controlling the abundance of insect herbivores, which in turn increases herbivory. To quantify herbivory, we collected 50 leaves per tree of five species in burned and unburned experimental plots (N = 75) in southeastern Amazonian forests. We measured leaf nitrogen content and leaf thickness of tree leaves as bottom‐up factors that could explain differences in herbivory; we measured predation pressure on model caterpillars and estimated the abundance of predatory ants as top‐down factors. We found higher herbivory in burned than in unburned forests, as well as lower predator attacks in caterpillar models and lower abundance of predatory ants. Leaf nitrogen content did not vary across treatments. Birds attacked model caterpillars more frequently in burned than in unburned forests, and leaf thickness was higher in burned forests, but these factors together were not enough to offset the higher herbivory in burned plots. Fire degrades tropical forests not only by killing trees and altering their structure and community dynamics, but also by reducing predatory arthropods and disrupting predator–prey interactions, which triggers increased herbivory. These indirect impacts of recurrent fires probably contribute to further alter forest structure, functioning, and to decrease regeneration in Amazonian forests.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Early marginal bone loss around dental implants to define success in implant dentistry: A retrospective study
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Catena Andrés , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , Fernández‐Barbero Juan Emilio , O'Valle Francisco , Padial‐Molina Miguel
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to establish an objective criterion in terms of marginal bone level (MBL) to know the prognosis of an implant.

Materials and Methods

A group of 176 patients in whom 590 implants were placed were included in this retrospective study. Patients older than 18 years, presenting either Kennedy class I or II edentulous section, or totally edentulous at least in one of the dental arches were included in this study. Those with any type of disturbance able to alter bone metabolism or with nontreated periodontal disease were excluded. Data on radiographic MBL at loading, 6 and 18 months later, age, gender, smoking habits, history of periodontitis, bone substratum, implant, and prosthetic features were recorded. Nonparametric receiver operating curves (ROC) were constructed for the MBL at 18 months in order to establish a distinction among high bone loser (HBL) and low bone loser (LBL) implants. Differences as a function of main variables were also determined, particularly abutment height and periodontal disease.

Results

HBL implants lost at least 0.48 mm of MBL 6 months after loading; they reached at least 2 mm of MBL 18 months after loading. MBL rate followed a nonlinear trend, except in implants restored over long prosthetic abutments and in patients with history of severe periodontitis; in whom the rate of MBL over the time was nearly zero.

Conclusion

Implants that lose more than 0.5 mm of marginal bone 6 months after loading are at great risk of not being radiographically successful anymore. Therefore, 0.5 mm of MBL is proposed as a distinctive and objective criterion of success in Implant Dentistry within a 6‐month follow‐up period. A prosthetic abutment height ≥2 mm resulted the most protective factor in the peri‐implant bone maintenance.
Malware classification using word embeddings algorithms and long‐short term memory networks
Authors: Andrade Eduardo de O. , Viterbo José , Guérin Joris , Bernardini Flavia
Published: July 2022

The number of malicious software applications, or malware programs, increases every year. Their development becomes more sophisticated as new techniques are used to bypass program scanning software applications, such as antiviruses. Thereby, deep learning‐based methods emerge as a new promising way to identify these threats. Our main purpose and contribution in this work is proposing and implementing a successful approach to tackle both binary and multiclass malware classification problems. We used unsupervised word embedding algorithms for representing software applications to be analyzed and long‐short term memory for classifying the software applications. For evaluating our pipeline, we introduce a new dataset for binary and multiclass malware classification because we could not find large datasets containing sufficient samples of cleanware and the various malware types for multiclass classification that could be used to evaluate classification models. Our experimental results reached an accuracy of 88.94% for binary classification and 75.13% for multiclass classification. These results suggest that the proposed dataset is challenging, and using it can help in the training of better malware classifiers, improving security.
Climate change is expected to restructure forest frugivorous bird communities in a biodiversity hot‐point within the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Mota Flávio Mariano Machado , Heming Neander Marcel , Morante‐Filho José Carlos , Talora Daniela Custódio
Published: July 2022

Aim

Changes in climatic conditions are predicted to impact species distribution and hence alter their diversity patterns. Modifications in the composition of biological communities are expected as a result of the loss and replacement of species due to global warming. Forest frugivorous birds already suffer from habitat loss and may disappear locally due to suitable area contraction or range shifts to novel areas, disrupting seed dispersal and consequently the functioning of natural ecosystems. Here, we investigate the impacts of different climate scenarios on alpha and beta diversities of forest frugivorous birds.

Location

Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest (CCAF), Brazil.

Methods

We used ecological niche models to project species distribution of 68 frugivorous birds for the baseline and future (2050 and 2070) scenarios. We generated binary maps of suitable areas for each species by climate scenario to calculate alpha and beta diversities.

Results

Most forest frugivorous birds were projected to lose suitable area, as a consequence of climate change, reducing alpha diversity in future scenarios and increasing temporal beta diversity, which is dominated by the nestedness component. In addition, species richness decreased from the east to the west portion of the CCAF, while differentiation of bird communities increased in the same direction, a pattern consistent across all climate scenarios evaluated.

Main conclusions

Climate change may exert drastic alterations in the composition of frugivorous bird communities in the CCAF. As forest frugivorous birds are critical to seed dispersal of forest plant species, impoverishment of their communities can drastically affect forest regeneration, diversity, and structure in the decades to come. Therefore, a better comprehension of spatio‐temporal changes in diversity patterns of frugivorous birds can help us to avoid the disruption of seed dispersal and its consequences, such as cascading effects that will trigger biodiversity loss in the CCAF.
A personal experience of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: finding a way to thrive
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: July 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Skorka et al. on pages 1547–1555 of
this issue

Finnish translation of this commentary is available in the online issue.
Evaluating early modern lockdowns: Household quarantine in Bristol, 1565–1604
Authors: Udale Charles
Published: July 2022

We know the policy of quarantining plague victims and their families together within their households entailed considerable costs and controversy in early modern Europe. Less clear is the extent to which the authorities implemented the policy in the face of this. This paper presents a novel approach to the measurement of enforcement which relies on linking deceased individuals listed in parish registers into household groups and then measuring changes in within‐household mortality between parishes and epidemics. This provides a more complete assessment of the scale of implementation than would be possible using documentary sources alone. Measuring within‐household mortality allows us to understand patterns of quarantine enforcement in settlements across early modern Europe. Here the focus is restricted to three epidemics that occurred in Bristol – one of England's most populous and prosperous cities. The analysis reveals household quarantine was enforced in 1603–4 with unprecedented vigour. The effects of quarantine are particularly pronounced in the affluent parishes where elite residence was highest. Greater evidence for enforcement is explained by greater elite oversight and control, as well as their desire to protect their own households. The scale of the impact is shocking. Household quarantine could double within household mortality.
First insights into the gut microbiomes and the diet of the Littorina snail ecotypes, a recently emerged marine evolutionary model
Authors: Panova Marina A. Z. , Varfolomeeva Marina A. , Gafarova Elizaveta R. , Maltseva Arina L. , Mikhailova Natalia A. , Granovitch Andrei I.
Published: July 2022

Microbes can play a prominent role in the evolution of their hosts, facilitating adaptation to various environments and promoting ecological divergence. The Wave and Crab ecotypes of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis is an evolutionary model of rapid and repeated adaptation to environmental gradients. While patterns of genomic divergence of the Littorina ecotypes along the shore gradients have been extensively studied, their microbiomes have been so far overlooked. The aim of the present study is to start filling this gap by comparing gut microbiome composition of the Wave and Crab ecotypes using metabarcoding approach. Since Littorina snails are micro‐grazers feeding on the intertidal biofilm, we also compare biofilm composition (i.e. typical snail diet) in the crab and wave habitats. In the results, we found that bacterial and eukaryotic biofilm composition varies between the typical habitats of the ecotypes. Further, the snail gut bacteriome was different from outer environments, being dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria. There were clear differences in the gut bacterial communities between the Crab and the Wave ecotypes as well as between the Wave ecotype snails from the low and high shores. These differences were both observed in the abundances and in the presence of different bacteria, as well as at different taxonomic level, from bacterial OTU's to families. Altogether, our first insights show that Littorina snails and their associated bacteria are a promising marine system to study co‐evolution of the microbes and their hosts, which can help us to predict the future for wild species in the face of rapidly changing marine environments.
Plant–microbial responses to reduced precipitation depend on tree species in a temperate forest
Authors: Raczka Nanette C. , Carrara Joseph E. , Brzostek Edward R.
Published: July 2022

Given that global change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of drought in temperate forests, it is critical to understand the degree to which plant belowground responses cascade through the soil system to drive ecosystem responses to water stress. While most research has focused on plant and microbial responses independently of each other, a gap in our understanding lies in the integrated response of plant‐microbial interactions to water stress. We investigated the extent to which divergent belowground responses to reduced precipitation between sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum) versus oak trees (Oak spp.) may influence microbial activity via throughfall exclusion in the field. Evidence that oak trees send carbon belowground to prime microbial activity more than maples under ambient conditions and in response to water stress suggests there is the potential for corresponding impacts of reduced precipitation on microbial activity. As such, we tested the hypothesis that differences in belowground C allocation between oaks and maples would stimulate microbial activity in the oak treatment soils and reduce microbial activity in in the sugar maple treatment soils compared to their respective controls. We found that the treatment led to declines in N mineralization, soil respiration, and oxidative enzyme activity in the sugar maple treatment plot. These declines may be due to sugar maple trees reducing root C transfers to the soil. By contrast, the reduced precipitation treatment enhanced soil respiration, as well as rates of N mineralization and peroxidase activity in the oak rhizosphere. This enhanced activity suggests that oak roots provided optimal rhizosphere conditions during water stress to prime microbial activity to support net primary production. With future changes in precipitation predicted for forests in the Eastern US, we show that the strength of plant‐microbial interactions drives the degree to which reduced precipitation impacts soil C and nutrient cycling.
Patient preferences and choices as a reflection of trust—A cluster analysis comparing postsurgical perceptions in a private and a public hospital
Authors: Barnea Royi , Tur‐Sinai Aviad , Levtzion‐Korach Osnat , Weiss Yossi , Tal Orna
Published: July 2022

Background

Active participation of patients in managing their medical treatment is a major component of the patient empowerment process and may contribute to better clinical outcomes. Patient perceptions and preferences affect the patient–physician encounter in a variety of dimensions, such as patient autonomy, freedom of choice and trust in the healthcare system. The Israeli healthcare system is mostly publicly funded, with additional private healthcare services for surgery and other medical treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions and preferences of patients in the public and private hospitals in Israel.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study among 545 individuals who had surgical procedures at two hospitals in Israel (one public and one private). A structured questionnaire comprising 23 items was used to collect perceptions via personal telephone interviews. The responses were categorized into five clusters and compared by type of health services provider (public vs. private) and sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age and education level).

Results

A hierarchical cluster analysis methodology identified five conceptual groups: trust, concern towards medical errors, dialogue between medical staff and the patient/patient's family, confidentiality and staff bias towards more informed patients, or those with supportive families. Four main themes that highlight patients' preferences were found: physical conditions, personal empowerment and perceived autonomy, patient experience and patient–provider encounter communication. Significant differences between the private and the public healthcare systems were found in four clusters: trust and patient care, patient's concerns, the extent of explanation and medical staff's commitment. Differences secondary to sociodemographic parameters were noticed: patients treated at the private hospital scored significantly higher items of trust, medical staff caring and the importance of choosing their treating surgeon, while patients treated at the public hospital scored higher staff commitment to the patient than those treated at the private hospital.

Conclusions

The study revealed the perceptions underlying the decisions of patients to undergo surgical procedures in public or private hospitals. Mutual learning could pave the way to better patient–physician encounters.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients from the two hospitals were involved in this study by responding to the questionnaire. The data presented is based on the patient's responses.
Effect of immersion freezing with the edible medium on protein structure, chemical bonding and particle size in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) during frozen storage
Authors: Yuduan Diao , Gao Pei , Jiang Qixing , Xia Wenshui , Yang Fang
Published: July 2022

One of the most worrisome problems with frozen fish is its undesirable softening texture, due in part to the alteration of fish protein structure. Therefore, a new immersion freezing (IF) technology with the edible medium, which was proven to improve food freezing speed and quality, was compared with air blast freezing (AF) and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) on the scope of protein structure. Protein fractions, structure, chemical bonds and particle size of the grass carp muscle were used as indicators. At the end of 24 weeks of frozen storage, the content of salt‐soluble protein in IF (106.22 ± 1.01 mg g−1 meat) was significantly higher than that of AF (90.77 ± 1.11 mg g−1 meat) and LNF (97.44 ± 1.40 mg g−1 meat) (P < 0.05). Compared to AF, the α‐helix content of IF and LNF was higher, the content of β‐turn and random coil was lower, while no statistical difference was detected in IF and LNF groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intrinsic fluorescence intensity, ionic bonding and hydrogen bonding in IF were significantly higher than in AF. The lowest value of D[3,2] was observed in the IF group after 24 weeks storage. Therefore, IF is an effective approach to reducing protein denaturation and can be adopted as an alternative freezing method.
The effects of sonication on the stability of eggs during extended storage
Authors: Yüceer Muhammed , Yıldırım Gözde , Caner Cengiz
Published: July 2022

The efficacy of sonication with different powers (80, 160 and 360 W) on fresh eggs for maintaining internal qualities such as pH, Haugh Unit (HU), yolk index (YI), relative whipping capacity (RWC), total solids, rheological behaviour and eggshell strength were investigated during storage at room temperature. Differences in significant (P < 0.05) on HU and YI were observed between control and sonicated eggs after 1 week. At 4 weeks of storage, the albumen pH of 160 W (9.40) and 360 W (9.39) sonicated eggs were considerably lower than that of 80 W (9.44) and control (9.54). At the conclusion of storage, the RWC of the 360 W (857), 160 W (847), and 80 W (835) was substantially greater than determined for nonsonicated (control) eggs (RWC = 705). The lowest strength of eggshells (4.1 kgf) was determined when the highest sonication power was used (360 W) due to the effect of cavitation, which may cause micro‐cracks that decreased the eggshell quality. Instead, the eggs sonicated at 80 or 160 W maintained the eggshell strength for at least 1 week of storage without any adverse impact. This study underlines that sonication, at the optimal power and treatment time, can be a viable nonthermal alternative method for enhancing the stability of eggs during storage.
Visual detection of Shigella in milk by competitive annealing‐mediated isothermal amplification with paper‐based DNA extraction method
Authors: Chen Xu , Ma Yue , Miao Shuangyu
Published: July 2022

Shigella is the main cause of endemic diarrhoea in low‐income countries. Fast and accurate detection of this pathogen can effectively prevent the consumption of contaminated food and reduce the risk of diarrhoea outbreaks. Recently, a competitive annealing‐mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP) assay was proposed as a novel nucleic acid detection technology. In this study, we developed a visual CAMP assay based on the invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) gene for rapid detection of Shigella in milk. Without enrichment culture, the visual CAMP assay could reliably detect Shigella at 2.6 × 102 CFU mL−1 or higher contamination levels. With enrichment culture, even if the spiked level is 1 CFU mL−1, the visual CAMP assay could reliably detect Shigella from the milk sample. Furthermore, a simple paper‐based DNA extraction method was established. The efficiency of the paper‐based method was comparable to that of the commercial kit method, and the entire extraction procedure can be completed in 15 min. The visual CAMP assay combined with the paper‐based DNA extraction method showed higher sensitivity and specificity for Shigella on‐site detection in milk samples.
Impact of storage conditions on the composition and antioxidant activity of peanut skin phenolic‐based extract
Authors: Bodoira Romina , Rossi Yanina , Velez Alexis , Montenegro Mariana , Martínez Marcela , Ribotta Pablo , Maestri Damián
Published: July 2022

With a view to its potential application as a food antioxidant, this study evaluated the impact of storage conditions (ReTD: darkness, 4 °C; RoTD: darkness, 25 °C; RoTL: light, 25 °C) on the composition and antioxidant activity of a peanut skin phenolic‐based extract (PSE). Results showed that the composition and several selected antioxidant capacities of PSE were preserved when stored in ReTD. Under these conditions, most of the identified compounds did not show significant losses in concentration at the final storage time (12 months). When tested in a highly unsaturated lipid system, this extract also showed the same antioxidant efficacy as the original extract (t0). Meanwhile, reducing power and radical scavenging activities of PSE stored in darkness were virtually retained; irrespective of the temperature condition, the parameters analysed remained almost constant over all the storage time. Overall, the results highlight the importance of the dark condition as a key factor for the PSE's composition and antioxidant activity preservation. In conclusion, the research findings suggest simple and low‐cost conditions that guarantee the conservation of the PSE composition and the continuity of its antioxidant properties during prolonged storage.
Whole‐wheat bread enzymatically bioprocessed and added with green coffee infusion had improved volume and were sensory accepted when consumers were informed of the presence of healthy substances
Authors: de Almeida Suellen Silva , Brito‐Silva Lillyan , da Costa Gabriela Bouça Marques , Barreto Maysa Silva , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães , Cadena Rafael Silva , Monteiro Mariana , Perrone Daniel , Moura‐Nunes Nathália
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at investigating the effect of enzymatic bioprocessing and the addition of green coffee infusion on the nutritional, technological, and sensory characteristics of whole‐wheat bread as well as of information on sensory profile. The proposed strategies increased minerals and soluble fibre content. Green coffee addition increased phenolics content up to 58% and incorporated caffeine to its composition. Bioprocessing increased bread volume up to 18%. Both strategies modified breads' colour perception. In the blind CATA test, breads were grouped according to the employment of enzymatic bioprocessing, but not to the addition of green coffee infusion. Non‐bioprocessed samples were characterised with more favourable terms. The acceptance of bioprocessed breads was improved once information regarding the presence of healthy substances were given. Therefore, the use of both strategies was successful to improve technological and nutritional benefits when information was given to consumers, yielding a bread with promising market potential.
Analysis of physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of seed oil extracted from 12 citrus materials
Authors: Liu Wei , Mao Xiaoxue , Zhou Zhiqin
Published: July 2022

The massive citrus seed waste provides a new approach to the shortage of edible oils in China. In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of 12 citrus seed oils from China were determined, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilisation of citrus seed oil. Results show most of the citrus seeds had a high oil content (28.3%–41.4%), with 2.6% in Zhi (Poncirus trifoliata). The crude oil extracted from the seeds of Dahongpao (Citrus reticulata) and Tongnanningmeng (Citrus limon) could directly meet the ‘National Standard for Food Safety Vegetable Oil’ (GB 2716‐2018). With total phenolic content (TPC) (62.1–2086.8 μg GAE g−1 DW), total flavonoid content (TFC) (59.6–2275.3 μg RE g−1) and total carotenoid content (TCC) (37.4–896.6 μg g−1), seed oil of Zhi had the highest content of bioactive substances and the strongest antioxidant capacity. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in citrus seed oil ranged from 72.4% to 82.2%, and the SFA: MUFA: PUFA ratio was closer to the recommended intake ratio of 1:1:1 by the Chinese Nutrition Society than other vegetable oils, which have higher nutritional value. Therefore, citrus seed oil is a potentially valuable oil source for healthy edible oil.
Mass transfer kinetics study for improving the uniform quality of lactic acid marinated pork (longissimus dorsi muscle)
Authors: Liu Chongxin , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: July 2022

The aim of this work was to study the rule of the different concentrations on marination kinetics and mass transfer of lactic acid‐marinated pork (longissimus dorsi muscle) specimens. The marinades of lactic acid concentrations at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% (w/w) and the marination process was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h, respectively. The water holding capacity (WHC), water and lactic acid content of the pork specimens were measured. Mass transfer kinetic curves were fitted. Kinetic parameter values for changes in total pork mass, the content of water and lactic acid, and effective diffusion coefficient were calculated. The obtained results indicated that the values of kinetic parameters for the changes in total mass, the content of water and lactic acid, and WHC were all increased with lactic acid concentration and marination time raised. The prediction model of water and lactic acid mass transfer in pork had a good linear correlation with marination time. The apparent diffusion coefficient value was the largest and the diffusion rate was the fastest when the mass fraction of lactic acid in the marinade was 1.5%. This research could provide effective parameters for improving the efficiency and uniformly quality of lactic acid marinated meat products.
Incorporation of germinated mung bean flour with rice flour to enhance physical, nutritional and sensory quality of gluten‐free cookies
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hoang , Huong Nguyen Thi Mai , Hoa Phan Ngoc , Van Hung Pham
Published: July 2022

Quality of the cookies substituted with germinated mung bean flour (GMF) to rice flour (RF) to produce gluten‐free cookies were investigated in this study. The GMF was used to formulate with the RF to obtain the composite flours with different total protein contents of 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 (%, d.b). The increase in the substituted amounts of GMF contributed to the lower baking loss, diameter and spread ratio, but the higher thickness and hardness of the cookies as compared to the RF‐based cookie. The cookies with more GMF substitution expressed lower lightness (L*) values, but higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values than the others. The cookies substituted with 60% of the GMF (60‐GMFC) exhibited similar baking loss, thickness, diameter, spread ratio and lightness values to the wheat flour (WF)‐based cookies. The total amounts of essential amino acids and the sum of histidine, lysine and methionine of the composite flour‐based cookies were 3.90% and 1.64%, significantly higher than those of the RF‐based cookie (1.93% and 0.66%, respectively) or the WF‐based cookie (1.70% and 0.58%, respectively). As a result, healthy gluten‐free cookies could be prepared using the RF with the substitution of the germinated mung bean flour.
Allogeneic haemopoietic cell transplant services in Australia and New Zealand in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: a report from Australia and New Zealand transplant and cellular therapies
Authors: Othman Jad , Aarons Donna , Bajel Ashish , Butler Jason , Doocey Richard , O'Brien Tracey , Purtill Duncan , Smith Lisa , Wilcox Leonie , Hamad Nada
Published: July 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused major disruption to health systems, with allogeneic haemopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) services a particularly vulnerable area. Ongoing provision of alloHCT has required dynamic responses at national and local levels. In Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), a high reliance on unrelated donors from overseas registries has posed an additional challenge.

Aims

To describe the impact of COVID‐19 on alloHCT services in ANZ in the first year of the pandemic.

Methods

Data from the national alloHCT patient and unrelated donor registries were extracted for a 2‐year time frame. Comparisons were made between a pre‐pandemic period of 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 and the corresponding dates during the pandemic, 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021.

Results

There was a 13% decrease in the number of allogeneic transplants, a reversal of steady increases in previous years, with the largest decrease in unrelated donor transplants. Local donors supplied a greater proportion of unrelated stem cell products. With a switch to universal cryopreservation, the time from request of a product to infusion increased by a median of 25.5 days for overseas products and 14 days for local products. There was a significant increase in the number of products collected but not used.

Conclusions

A strong public health response and coordinated transplant community activities allowed for safe provision of alloHCT in ANZ; however, our data suggest that the timely delivery of allogeneic transplants was affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Continued dedicated efforts are required to minimise further impacts.
Violation of non‐adjacent rule dependencies elicits greater attention to a talker's mouth in 15‐month‐old infants
Authors: Birulés Joan , Martinez‐Alvarez Anna , Lewkowicz David J. , de Diego‐Balaguer Ruth , Pons Ferran
Published: July 2022

Infants start tracking auditory‐only non‐adjacent dependencies (NAD) between 15 and 18 months of age. Given that audiovisual speech, normally available in a talker's mouth, is perceptually more salient than auditory speech and that it facilitates speech processing and language acquisition, we investigated whether 15‐month‐old infants' NAD learning is modulated by attention to a talker's mouth. Infants performed an audiovisual NAD learning task while we recorded their selective attention to the eyes, mouth, and face of an actress while she spoke an artificial language that followed an AXB structure (tis‐X‐bun; nal‐X‐gor) during familiarization. At test, the actress spoke the same language (grammatical trials; tis‐X‐bun; nal‐X‐gor) or a novel one that violated the AXB structure (ungrammatical trials; tis‐X‐gor; nal‐X‐bun). Overall, total duration of looking did not differ during the familiar and novel test trials but the time‐course of selective attention to the talker's face and mouth revealed that the novel trials maintained infants' attention to the face more than did the familiar trials. Crucially, attention to the mouth increased during the novel test trials while it did not change during the familiar test trials. These results indicate that the multisensory redundancy of audiovisual speech facilitates infants' discrimination of non‐adjacent dependencies.
Recommendations to support the mental wellbeing of nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom: A Delphi study
Authors: Teoh Kevin Rui‐Han , Kinman Gail , Harriss Anne , Robus Christopher
Published: July 2022

Aim

To use the Delphi technique to identify and prioritize recommendations for research and practice to improve the mental wellbeing of nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom (UK).

Background

Although there is evidence that self‐reported mental wellbeing among nurses and midwives in the UK is poor, interventions have not adequately considered the wider context in which they work. The wide range of individual, organizational, occupational and wider sector‐level factors that can influence wellbeing requires the involvement of different stakeholders to identify the most pressing actions required.

Design

A three‐round Delphi technique was conducted in 2019.

Methods

In the first round, 16 subject matter experts generated, reviewed and discussed recommendations from a review of the research evidence with potential to support the mental wellbeing of nurses. A second group with 23 stakeholder representatives then rated and provided feedback on the developed recommendations through two additional rounds. Recommendations that received an ‘essential’ or ‘important’ rating from at least 80% of participants were retained and prioritized.

Results

In total, 45 recommendations met the consensus agreement and were retained. More than half (57%) involved action at the organizational level, 27% to public policy and 13% to research. Only one recommendation is related to the individual. Collectively, these recommendations highlight the importance of taking direct action to tackle poor mental wellbeing among the workforce and initiating change at the policy and organizational level.

Conclusion

Our findings emphasize the need to take a systemic approach to improving the mental health of nurses and midwives in the UK with input from different stakeholders. There is a clear consensus that action is needed at the organization and policy levels, rather than at the individual level as is current practice.

Impact

This study provides a framework, alongside a set of practical recommendations, that provides a starting point for different stakeholders to understand, address and support the mental wellbeing of nurses and midwives. Although UK‐focused, it has relevance to healthcare workforces internationally.
A randomized multi‐centre study on the effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in general practice
Authors: Tomasi Cristiano , Liss Anna , Welander Maria , Alian Anna Ydenius , Abrahamsson Kajsa H. , Wennström Jan L.
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of two non‐surgical treatment protocols for periodontitis patients in general dental practice.

Materials and Methods

Ninety‐five dental hygienists (59 dental clinics) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment protocols: (i) establishment of adequate self‐performed oral hygiene prior to a single session of ultrasonic instrumentation (guided periodontal infection control [GPIC]) or (ii) conventional non‐surgical therapy (CNST) including patient education and scaling and root planing integrated in multiple sessions. Residual pockets at 3 months were retreated in both groups. The primary outcome was pocket closure (probing pocket depth ≤ 4 mm) at 6 months. Multilevel models were utilized.

Results

Based on data from 615 patients, no significant differences with regard to clinical outcomes were observed between treatment protocols. Treatment‐related costs (i.e., chair time, number of sessions) were significantly lower for GPIC than CNST. Smoking and age significantly affected treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

No significant differences between the two approaches were observed in regard to clinical outcomes. GPIC was more time‐effective. Patient education should include information on the detrimental effects of smoking. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02168621).
Mother's and children's ADHD genetic risk, household chaos and children's ADHD symptoms: A gene–environment correlation study
Authors: Agnew‐Blais Jessica C. , Wertz Jasmin , Arseneault Louise , Belsky Daniel W. , Danese Andrea , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Sugden Karen , Williams Benjamin , Moffitt Terrie E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Chaotic home environments may contribute to children's attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, ADHD genetic risk may also influence household chaos. This study investigated whether children in chaotic households had more ADHD symptoms, if mothers and children with higher ADHD genetic risk lived in more chaotic households, and the joint association of genetic risk and household chaos on the longitudinal course of ADHD symptoms across childhood.

Methods

Participants were mothers and children from the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population‐representative birth cohort of 2,232 twins. Children's ADHD symptoms were assessed at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12 years. Household chaos was rated by research workers at ages 7, 10 and 12, and by mother's and twin's self‐report at age 12. Genome‐wide ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for mothers (n = 880) and twins (n = 1,999); of these, n = 871 mothers and n = 1,925 children had information on children's ADHD and household chaos.

Results

Children in more chaotic households had higher ADHD symptoms. Mothers and children with higher ADHD PRS lived in more chaotic households. Children's ADHD PRS was associated with household chaos over and above mother's PRS, suggesting evocative gene–environment correlation. Children in more chaotic households had higher baseline ADHD symptoms and a slower rate of decline in symptoms. However, sensitivity analyses estimated that gene–environment correlation accounted for a large proportion of the association of household chaos on ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions

Children's ADHD genetic risk was independently associated with higher levels of household chaos, emphasising the active role of children in shaping their home environment. Our findings suggest that household chaos partly reflects children's genetic risk for ADHD, calling into question whether household chaos directly influences children's core ADHD symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of considering parent and child genetic risk in relation to apparent environmental exposures.
Combined effects of insecticide and IGP on native and invasive ladybeetles in apple orchard
Authors: De Donder Alice , Cormier Daniel , Rodríguez García Marcela Andrea , Lucas Eric
Published: July 2022

The Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas is an invasive species commonly found in Canadian apple orchards. It threatens native ladybeetles through exploitative competition and intraguild predation (IGP), including the 12 spotted ladybeetle Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Gagnon, Heimpel and Brodeur, 2011). Both species are exposed to novaluron, a reduced risk insecticide used against the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.), the primary pest in apple orchards. Previous research showed that novaluron is highly toxic for the invasive H. axyridis, but it is less toxic for the indigenous C. maculata. Novaluron reduces the adaptive value of IGP for H. axyridis but not for C. maculata. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the combined effect of novaluron and IGP outside laboratory conditions. This study explores under semi‐field conditions the effect of novaluron residues and IGP on the survival of H. axyridis and C. maculata larvae. IGP was assessed considering third instar larvae as predators. Results showed that novaluron was toxic for first instar larvae of both species after 10 days of exposure. When H. axyridis was the intraguild predator, novaluron increased the survival of the intraguild preys. Novaluron did not change the outcome of the IGP when C. maculata was the intraguild predator. These results indicate that novaluron can change the competition outcome between the invasive H. axyridis and a native ladybeetle species. This is the first demonstration that intraguild predation and competition may be greatly altered in the presence of pesticides.