bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rise of a Muslim middle class in Britain: Ethnicity, music and the performance of Muslimness
Authors: Morris Carl
Published: January 2019

This paper uses original fieldwork data to examine the role of class and ethnicity in shaping performed identities for Muslim musicians. It claims that the emergence of a Muslim public sphere in Britain – which includes music as one important cultural component – is implicated by dominant notions of Muslimness that are developed in a field of power relations structured by class and ethnicity. The central claim of this paper is that an assertion of middle-class values and tastes can inform notions of Muslimness and that these are interwoven with the differential experiences of diverse Muslim ethnic groups in Britain. As evidence for this, the paper examines the ways in which this relationship between class and ethnicity is manifested in the Muslim public sphere through the performed identities of Muslim musicians. This includes a consideration of the influence of a broadly defined Middle Eastern/middle-class consumer culture on an ‘Islamic pop’ music scene in Britain, as well as the strategic responses – including acquiescence, navigation and resistance – from South Asian and Black Muslim musicians to the dominance of this cultural context. Overall, the paper concludes that the intersectional nature of Muslimness, with particular reference to class and ethnicity, must be examined further to fully understand the developing dynamics of an emergent Muslim public sphere in Britain.
Case study of tacrolimus as an effective treatment for idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis in pregnancy
Authors: Irish GL , Jesudason S
Published: January 2019

Background

Tacrolimus has been used in pregnant women following transplantation and for management of lupus nephritis. We report a case of successful control of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous glomerulonephritis during pregnancy using tacrolimus.

Case report

A 26-year-old female presented with severe nephrotic syndrome in her first pregnancy. Post-partum renal biopsy confirmed idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. She had persistent proteinuria of 6 g/day with hypoalbuminaemia despite angiotensin receptor blockade. Treatment with tacrolimus monotherapy led to remission of proteinuria, three months prior to conceiving again. She maintained remission with tacrolimus therapy in pregnancy, resulting in a successful birth outcome.

Conclusions

Membranous glomerulonephritis can be successfully and safely managed with tacrolimus monotherapy during pregnancy. This provides an alternative immunosuppressant with a favourable side effect profile suitable for use in women planning a pregnancy when other immunosuppressive drugs should be avoided.
Aerodynamic test results of bicycle helmets in different configurations: Towards a responsive design
Authors: Novak James , Burton David , Crouch Timothy
Published: January 2019

Within the sport of cycling, aerodynamic efficiency is a fundamental criterion for equipment such as bicycle frames, wheels, clothing and helmets. Emerging technologies continually challenge the rules governing the sport as designers, engineers, sports scientists and athletes attempt to gain the edge on their competition. This study compares three-dimensional (3D) printed bicycle helmet prototypes with three commercially available helmets via aerodynamic testing in a wind tunnel. One 3D printed helmet featured a mechanical mechanism allowing two states of ventilation closure to be examined for aerodynamic efficiency, while the other featured electronically adjustable ventilation openings tested at five different states of ventilation closure. Data were collected using an anthropometrically accurate mannequin sitting atop a bicycle in a road-cycling position. The results found that the mechanically controlled prototype offered a 4.1% increase in overall drag experienced by the mannequin with ventilation in the open position compared to the closed position. The electronic prototype showed an increase in drag as ventilation openings increased through the five states, with an overall difference in drag of 3.7% between closed and the maximum opening. These experimental findings indicate that the responsive helmet prototypes can significantly affect the drag force on a cyclist between their closed and open positions and, when understood as being adaptable using sensors and automated controls, may provide new opportunities to modify athlete performance throughout varying stages of training and competition.
Open knee dislocation with a patellar tendon rupture: Result of staged surgical repair
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Matsumura Tomohiro , Ishihara Kazuaki , Hiyama Shuhei , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: January 2019

Knee dislocation with concomitant multiligament injury is a rare and devastating injury. We report the successful repair of a rare case of open knee dislocation with concomitant multiligament injury and patellar tendon rupture of an 18-year-old male due to a motorcycle accident. The patient presented with an open wound running parallel to the knee joint line and patellar tendon rupture with full exposure of the cartilage of the distal femur. Staged surgical management including the application of a ring-type external fixator with a hinged joint, lateral collateral ligament repair, medial collateral ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon, and joint release was performed. Range of movement was recovered to 0 degrees of knee extension and 80 degrees of knee flexion, and extension lag was negative. The Lysholm score of the patient was recovered to 92. The patient was able to return to work in the construction field 2 years after sustaining the injury. The patient had no complaint of pain and was able to resume construction work, even though reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament was not performed. The application of a hinged ring-type external fixation device might play a key role in early range of movement restoration and to maintain the reduced position and acceptable recovery of the posterior cruciate ligament injury without the need for reconstructive surgery. This report is the first to describe the safety and effectiveness of staged surgical management for the repair of open knee dislocation with concomitant multiligament injury and patellar tendon rupture. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods will be needed to observe the development of osteoarthritis or weakness of the knee. Staged surgical management is a safe and effective procedure for repairing an open knee dislocation with concomitant multiligament injury and patellar tendon rupture.
Rare case report of acalculous cholecystitis: Gallbladder torsion resulting in rupture
Authors: Wood Brielle Elizabeth , Trautman Jodie , Smith Nicholas , Putnis Soni
Published: January 2019

Acalculous cholecystitis caused by gallbladder torsion is a rare condition. Only 500 cases have been reported since the first diagnosed case in 1898. We present the case of a 89-year-old woman with sudden onset of severe epigastric pain, radiating across her right costal margin, associated with nausea. Her abdomen was soft, mildly distended, Murphy’s negative but with epigastric tenderness and palpable mass. Computed tomography and ultrasound demonstrated significant acute cholecystitis, with the common bile duct measuring 7 mm. Due to the patients’ comorbidities, conservative treatment was initiated, until she was becoming increasing worse, so a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. The operation revealed gallbladder torsion causing complete gallbladder necrosis and perforation with intraperitoneal biliary spillage. Gallbladder torsion should be a high differential if an elderly female patient presenting with sudden onset of abdominal pain, tender epigastric/right upper quadrant mass and a distended gallbladder on imaging. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy must be performed promptly to reduce the likelihood of gallbladder rupture and reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this condition.
Richter’s hernia in a 5-mm trocar site
Authors: Chorti Angeliki , AbuFarha Samer , Michalopoulos Antonios , Papavramidis Theodosios S
Published: January 2019

We present an unusual case of a trocar site incision hernia at a 5-mm trocar port occurring approximately 2 weeks post-operatively after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient, in her mid-60s, reported diffuse abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and vomiting. An abdominal X-ray demonstrated dilated small bowel loops with gas-fluid levels. Abdominal computed tomography revealed the small bowel herniation through the 5-mm port site. Laparotomy confirmed a Richter’s hernia of the small bowel in the fascia defect. This case highlights the necessity to examine and investigate any complaint post-operatively and deliberate its possible significance. Furthermore, it demonstrates that, even during a normal recovery period for a patient without any underlying disease or risk factors, a rare complication could still develop in a delayed fashion multiple days post-operatively from a laparoscopic procedure. High clinical suspicion is essential in order to avoid further deterioration of the patient condition and optimal treatment.
Diagnosis of recurrent reflux within the remnant non-treatment stump after bilateral cyanoacrylate ablation of the great saphenous veins
Authors: Park Seung Joon , Yim Su Bin , Cha Dae Won , Kim Sung Chul , Rhee Jo Han
Published: January 2019

Cyanoacrylate ablation, along with mechanochemical ablation, is one of the best-known non-thermal ablation treatment methods for superficial venous reflux. Cyanoacrylate ablation is comparable to thermal ablation in terms of efficacy and safety, and offers the benefit of not requiring tumescent injections and the use of compression stockings. Here, we report about a patient who developed recurrent reflux in the residual stump after cyanoacrylate ablation. As a refluxing long residual stump can be a risk factor for late recurrence, improvements are needed to make the protocol more refined, including leaving the stump as short as possible.
Anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reaction from intra-arterial cetuximab: Clinical considerations and management
Authors: Bardash Yonatan , Tham Tristan , Olson Caitlin , Khaymovich Julian , Costantino Peter
Published: January 2019

Intra-arterial infusion of drugs shows promising results in terms of safety and efficacy. Intra-arterial cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody treatment, is currently being tested for its use in head and neck cancers. We present the case of a 45-year-old Asian male who developed an anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reaction, manifesting itself in the form of bronchospasm, tachycardia, and hypotension, during intra-arterial infusion of cetuximab. The symptoms were quickly diagnosed, and the patient was treated accordingly. Despite the safety profile of cetuximab and the decreased risk of systemic effects with intra-arterial infusion versus intravenous infusion, severe hypersensitivity reactions are still a risk in intra-arterial cetuximab infusions. Consequently, proper planning and care must be taken to prophylactically prevent and in the case of a reaction, treat the reaction accordingly. The case presented herein is, to the best of our knowledge, the first recorded moderate-to-severe infusion reaction in a patient receiving intra-arterial cetuximab treatment for head and neck cancer.
Case studies of adults with central auditory processing disorder: Shifting the spotlight!
Authors: Heine Chyrisse , Slone Michelle
Published: January 2019

Vast literature exists detailing the identification and management of central auditory processing disorder in children: however, less information is available regarding central auditory processing disorder in the adult population. This study aimed to document the diagnostic and management procedure for adults presenting at a multidisciplinary clinic due to concerns regarding their listening and central auditory processing skills. This retrospective study was a case file audit of two adults (a male, aged 37 years and a female, aged 44 years) who presented at a multidisciplinary (audiology and speech pathology) clinic for a hearing and central auditory processing evaluation. Both participants completed a case history questionnaire and were then interviewed with results being documented in their file. Participants were evaluated by a dually qualified audiologist-speech pathologist on a battery of peripheral hearing tests (including pure-tone threshold audiometry, immittance measures and speech tests), central auditory processing assessments (including monaural low redundancy, dichotic listening and temporal processing tests) and evaluation of short-term auditory memory skills. Participants were self-referred, never having been assessed previously for central auditory processing disorder, yet had perceived heightened difficulty with processing information; having conversations (particularly in noisy work or social environments) and remembering information, resulting in a range of psychosocial responses. Following diagnosis of central auditory processing disorder, participants undertook an individualized short-term aural rehabilitation program as dictated by their needs and preferences. Post-program participants perceived better ability to listen and process information even in adverse listening conditions. They reported that their newly learned skills improved their work abilities and social participation leading to positive outcomes. Medical and other allied health professionals should consider the possibility of presentation of central auditory processing disorder in adulthood and make appropriate referrals for central auditory processing testing to facilitate diagnosis and appropriate intervention. Aural rehabilitation should be considered for adults newly diagnosed with central auditory processing disorder.
Patellar chondral defect treatment with a cell-free polyglycolic acid–hyaluronan-based implant and platelet-rich fibrin glue after previously failed microfracture
Authors: McDermott Ian D
Published: January 2019

Cartilage defects of the patella are difficult to treat due to the complex anatomy of the patellofemoral joint. First-line treatment of chondral patellar defects often results in failure independent of the surgical technique. Moreover, there is no recommendation for second-line treatment of failed patellar defect treatment. Here, the case of a 48-year-old active patient with complex patellofemoral problems who had undergone multiple previous surgeries, including failed microfracture of a full-thickness cartilage defect on his patella, is presented. The patient was treated with a polymer-based implant in combination with microfracture and autologous platelet-rich fibrin glue. Post-surgical follow-up after 6 months with magnetic resonance imaging revealed complete defect filling, which was confirmed by second-look arthroscopy after 9 months, showing the formation of cartilage repair tissue. This procedure seems to be a viable and safe treatment option for patients suffering from full-thickness chondral lesions on the patella that have previously failed microfracture at the same location.
Attitudes towards depression among non-psychiatric physicians in four tertiary centres in Riyadh
Authors: Aldahmashi Thamir , Almanea Abdullah , Alsaad Abdulaziz , Mohamud Mohamud , Anjum Irfan
Published: January 2019

Depression is a common mental illness that has a profound impact on an estimated number of 300 million people worldwide. Depression is stigmatised in communities and even physicians, especially, non-psychiatric physicians, which affects depressed patients’ care. This study aims to investigate non-psychiatric physicians’ attitudes towards depression in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study surveyed 380 participants using Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire. Non-psychiatric physicians in Riyadh are optimistic and have a positive perspective towards depression. Yet, the majority preferred dealing with physical rather than mental illness. Understanding the attitudes of medical practitioners is important to shape service delivery and assess training needs.
Narrative metaphor: Integrating insights in cognitive science into a toolset for intentionally shaping vocational pursuits
Authors: Roth Donald
Published: January 2019

Divining meaning in the world around us and integrating that into the stories we tell about who we are and what motivates us is essential to both our cognitive processing and overall well-being. At the same time, our conscious processes are dependent on inputs from our social and physical environment for the raw materials needed to develop abstract thought through metaphor. The overlap between these two concepts is the narrative metaphor, and its power to shape the development of both our self-concept and intuition demands pedagogical attention. This article lays out the roots of a theory of the narrative metaphor, and provides examples of possible integrations in the classroom.
Amplitude-preserving scalar PP and PS imaging condition for elastic reverse time migration based on a wavefield decoupling method
Authors: Zhou Xiyan , Chang Xu , Wang Yibo , Yao Zhenxing
Published: January 2019

To eliminate crosstalk within the imaging results of elastic reverse time migration (ERTM), we can separate the coupled P- and S-waves from the forward source wavefield and the backpropagated receiver wavefield. The P- and S-wave decoupling method retains the original phase, amplitude, and physical meaning in the separated wavefields. Thus, it is a vital wavefield separation method in ERTM. However, because these decomposed wavefields are vectors, we could consider how to retrieve scalar images that reveal the real reflectivity of the subsurface. For this purpose, we derive a scalar P-wave equation from the velocity-stress relationship for PP imaging. The phase and amplitude of this scalar P-wave are consistent with the scalarized P-wave. Therefore, this scalar P-wave can be exploited to perform PP imaging directly, with the imaging result retaining the amplitude characteristics. For PS imaging, it is difficult to calculate a dynamic preserved scalar S-wave. However, we have developed a scalar PS imaging method that divides the PS image into energy and sign components according to the geometric relationship between the wavefield vibration and propagation directions. The energy is calculated through the amplitude crosscorrelation of the forward P-wave and backpropagated S-wave from the receivers. The sign is obtained from the dot product of the forward P-wave vector and the backpropagated S-wave vector. These PP and PS imaging methods are suitable for 2D and 3D isotropic media and maintain the correct amplitude information while eliminating polarity-reversal phenomena. Several numerical models are used to verify the robustness and effectiveness of our method.
Use of seismic-based new rose diagram to determine the major sediment-supply direction of progradational systems
Authors: Zhu Hongtao , Zeng Zhiwei , Zeng Hongliu , Xu Changgui , Xiao Fan
Published: January 2019

A conventional method for identifying sediment-supply directions is to characterize the seismic progradational reflection configuration, which is based mainly on qualitative observation of numerous seismic profiles. We have developed a more quantitative and practical way to determine the major sediment-supply direction (MSSD) using a new type of rose diagram based on seismic progradational sequence angles. In accordance with similar principles of the rose diagram used in structural geology, we have developed an analytical method and a workflow for a new rose diagram of seismic-based progradational sequence angles to determine MSSD. The Bozhong sag, a subbasin of the Bohai Bay Basin with two typical progradational sequences (I and II), provides a suitable example to analyze MSSD and test the new method. Our result indicates that the MSSD of the two progradational sequences (I and II) corresponds to azimuths of 10°–20° and 340°–350°, respectively, intuitively indicating two sequences derived from different provenance-transport systems. The new rose diagram of seismic progradational angles offers a powerful and quantitative method for seismic-based sedimentary provenance and paleocurrent analysis.
Detecting the propped fracture by injection of magnetic proppant during fracturing
Authors: Liu Junrong , Cao Shijie , Wu Xingru , Yao Jun
Published: January 2019

Hydraulic fracturing is key to enhancing the productivity of shale and tight hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as geothermal resources from hot dry rock. Assessing the range and efficiency of hydraulic fracturing is very important for onsite fracturing operations and decision making on subsequent fracturing plans and well-pattern deployment. The idea of injecting fluid mixed with magnetic material into a formation to detect subterranean structure has been considered for a long time. The detectability of the characteristics of propped fractures using magnetic field measurement is discussed and evaluated with an analytical model. The magnetic proppants synthesized with superparamagnetic nanoparticles should be “silent” during injection and could be activated by an external current. By measuring the magnetic field before and after the fracture was created and the magnetic proppants were magnetized, the magnetic anomalies can be obtained. The result indicates that the magnetic field caused by a fracture filled with magnetic proppants is very weak, so that magnetometers with higher precision and resolution should be used to capture such subtle signal. The higher susceptibility contrast of the magnetic nanoparticles is, the stronger external magnetic induction field could be detected. It is suggested that the superparamagnetic nanomaterial with effective magnetic susceptibility contrast of greater than 0.4–0.5 should be used for fracture monitoring in deep wells. To infer the fracture characteristics with the magnetic anomaly, the ground and adjacent wells’ monitoring practices are recommended.
The frequency of occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after direct antiviral therapy in Hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Aziz Bilal , Nazar Tazeen , Akhlaq Suhair
Published: January 2019

Objective: To study the frequency of occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus patients treated with direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents.

Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June, 2016 to January, 2018. Total 300 patients with HCV genotype 3, selected via Non-Probability Purposive Sampling technique, without prior or concurrent history of HCC, were given DAA agents and were followed up for 6 months after completion of therapy. Results were based on Quantitative PCR to assess Sustained Virological Response (SVR) and Ultrasound Abdomen to look for the appearance of any new lesion. Data was presented as mean±SD, frequency and percentages and was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0.

Results: Out of 300 patients, 179 (59.7%) were males and 121(40.3%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 55.08 ± 5.602 years. 214(71.3%) patients had compensated cirrhosis at the start of treatment and 86(28.7%) had decompensated cirrhosis. SVR was achieved in 200(93.4%) out of 214 patients with compensated cirrhosis and in 76(88.3%) out of 86 patients with decompensated cirrhosis. At six months post- treatment, 10(3.33%) patients developed HCC,2(0.7%) in the compensated group and 8(2.7%) in the decompensated group, out of which 5(6.6%) patients had achieved SVR.

Conclusion: The frequency of HCC following DAA agents is significant (3.3%) even after achieving SVR. Caution must be exercised in prescribing DAA agents to HCV patients keeping this complication of HCC in mind.

How to cite this:Aziz B, Nazar T, Akhlaq S. The frequency of occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after direct antiviral therapy in Hepatitis C virus patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):101-105. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.109

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Does an increased number of cesarean sections result in greater risk for mother and baby in low-risk, late preterm and term deliveries?
Authors: Hancerliogullari Necati , Yaman Selen , Aksoy Rifat Taner , Tokmak Aytekin
Published: January 2019

Objective: To compare surgical complications and maternal and neonatal outcomes of low-risk, late preterm and term pregnant women who have had one or two previous cesarean sections (CSs) with those who have had three or more CSs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 850 patients undergoing repeat CS at a tertiary level maternity hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Of those, 380 had previously undergone one or two CSs (Group-I: second or third CS) and 470 had previously undergone three or four CSs (Group-II: fourth or fifth CS). Outcomes and complications were compared between the groups.

Results: The two groups were statistically significantly different in terms of maternal age, parity, body mass index, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, and length of hospital stay (all p<0.001). Although the prevalence of intraperitoneal adhesions and placenta previa was higher in Group-II than in Group-I (p<0.001), there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cesarean hysterectomy and adjacent organ injuries (p>0.05). There were also no significant differences between the groups in terms of neonatal outcomes (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Although the increase in the number of CSs appears to be associated with intraperitoneal adhesions and placenta previa, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were not observed in those women with low-risk pregnancies who underwent CS for the fourth or fifth time. Therefore, fourth and fifth CSs may be considered relatively safe surgical procedures in this cohort.

How to cite this:Hancerliogullari N, Yaman S, Aksoy RT, Tokmak A. Does an increased number of cesarean sections result in greater risk for mother and baby in low-risk, late preterm and term deliveries? Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):10-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.364

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Health promotion in physiotherapy services using NHS health and diabetes checks
Authors: Rawlinson Gillian
Published: January 2019

Several public health initiatives have been launched in England including NHS Health Checks and the National Diabetes Prevention programme; however, uptake has been suboptimal. Musculoskeletal problems are a large health burden and there are increasing links identified between musculoskeletal disorders and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, which are influenced by lifestyle factors. Physiotherapists have a key role to play in public health and are an untapped resource.

Methods:

An enhanced health promotion service, using support staff, was implemented into a physiotherapy-led musculoskeletal service including the provision of NHS Health Checks and diabetes checks. Evaluation included descriptive statistical analysis, documentary analysis and qualitative review.

Results:

In total, 1550 health assessments were completed with 43% eligible for a HbA1c test and 17% were eligible for an NHS Health Check. Service evaluation feedback from patients and GPs was wholly positive and social prescribing increased.

Discussion:

This service describes a successful model for embedding NHS Health Checks and diabetes checks into a musculoskeletal service, providing opportunistic health promotion and behaviour change interventions and reducing the duplication of different public health initiatives. This service uses an untapped allied health professional public health workforce to support an identification of disease, behaviour change, self-care and social prescribing within the holistic management of musculoskeletal conditions.
How do consultant radiographers contribute to imaging service delivery and leadership?
Authors: Snaith Beverly , Clarke Ruth , Coates Amanda , Field Lisa , McGuinness Alison , Yunis Saminah
Published: January 2019

Background:

Consultant radiographer numbers remain low despite the ongoing capacity challenges in diagnostic imaging. This is compounded by the limited evidence of how such roles can positively impact on service delivery, particularly in relation to their leadership expectations.

Aims:

To examine the activities undertaken by consultant radiographers; evidence the impact of the roles, and consider whether the roles encompass the four domains of consultant practice.

Method:

Six consultant radiographers employed in a single NHS Trust completed an activity diary over a period of 7 days. Interval sampling every 15 minutes enabled the collection of a large volume of complex data.

Findings:

All consultants worked beyond their contacted hours. The documented activities demonstrate the breadth of the roles and confirmed that the participants were undertaking all four core functions of consultant practice.

Conclusion:

The impact of the roles stretched beyond the local department and organisation to the health system and wider profession.
The impact of an appearance-focused facial-ageing intervention on adolescents' attitudes toward sun protection
Authors: Owen Alison Leah , Grogan Sarah , Clark-Carter David , Buckley Emily
Published: January 2019

The study investigated British adolescents' experiences of an appearance-focused, facial-ageing, morphing intervention designed to increase sun protection intentions and was carried out in the spring of 2011. The study population consisted of 237 adolescents, 60 of whom were randomly allocated to participate in the appearance-focused intervention condition and 176 to a control condition. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and immediately post-intervention. Adolescents who had participated in the appearance-focused intervention had significantly greater intentions to use sun protection, significantly more negative sun risk beliefs, lower sun benefit attitudes and higher perceived sun damage susceptibility after viewing the information given than participants in the control group. It is concluded that appearance-focused interventions may be a useful tool to use when educating young people about the importance of protecting their skin from UV exposure.
Strategies to help prevent teenage relationship abuse
Authors: Enson Stephanie
Published: January 2019

In recent years, there has been an increase in teenage dating violence. In this second article of a two-part series, Stephanie Enson looks at prevention strategies.
Anti-Bullying Week 2018: Choosing respect
Authors: Evans Martha
Published: January 2019

How can we use discussions about respectful disagreement to help stop bullying? Ahead of Anti-Bullying Week, Martha Evans considers how schools can support children to ‘Choose Respect’.
Supporting children and young people with pica
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: January 2019

Pica can have serious health consequences yet there is very little research on the condition, and experts believe that it may be underdiagnosed as a result of a lack of awareness. Stephanie Thornton provides an overview of the signs and symptoms.
Curriculum design: New and refocused school nursing education
Authors: Forkuo-Minka Anthony
Published: January 2019

Aim:

Responding to areas within NHS workforce plan by providing master's level education for school nursing practitioners

Intended learning outcomes:

Exposing to students to a range of blended teaching and learning methods to acquire core essential generic skills and interprofessional learning (IPL) throughout the programme. Responding to areas within NHS workforce plan by providing masters level education for school nursing practitioners. Learning skills which are specific to school nursing.
Human factors in student paramedic practice
Authors: Matheson Rose
Published: January 2019

Human factors affect paramedic practice and training. However, although there are frequent references to human factors in the literature, little evidence on this is available on those that influence student paramedic development. A personal experience as a student paramedic highlighted certain human factors unique to the role, most notably how interactions between students and mentors can affect a student's practice. Following this, the awareness and effect of human factors within the student paramedic role were investigated. Discussions regarding human factors that influence a student paramedic's development on practice placements remain in their infancy. The student paramedic role is unique and challenging, and involves developing a level of resilience that continues post registration. Because of the role's emotive nature, students need to increase their awareness and management of human factors to prevent them from affecting their practice. Equally, educators need to have a greater focus on encouraging and teaching coping strategies. Practitioners who work with students do so whether they choose to be a mentor or not and many may feel unprepared for the role. Interactions between students and clinician mentors are complicated and future research will be required to determine the best approach to aid student development in the placement environment.
Student paramedics need funding too…
Authors: Chapman Eleanor
Published: January 2019

In 2018, a new student column shared perspectives from first, second and third year students across UK paramedicine programmes. This year, in a special quarterly feature, we will follow Eleanor Chapman, who has now graduated, on her journey as a newly qualified paramedic
Evaluation of Cultural Sensitivity in Healthcare Service among Nursing Students
Authors: Unver Vesile , Uslu Yasemin , Kocatepe Vildan , Kuguoglu Sema
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study evaluates cultural sensitivity in healthcare services among senior nursing students to patients with different cultural backgrounds. The study had a one-group pre-posttest model descriptive study design. Thirty-four nursing students taking the courses Emergency Care and Diabetes were included into the study. Standardized patients were used as a simulation technique. The difference between intercultural sensitivity scores before the simulation and those after the simulation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Even though there were no differences between intercultural sensitivity scores before the simulation and the scores after the simulation, simulation based education is an effective teaching method in enhancement of cultural sensitivity.
A Mixed Research on Cheating and Absenteeism Behaviors of Teacher Certificate Program Students
Authors: Kahya Orhan , Saricaoglu Halim , Yakar Ali
Published: January 2019

The primary goal of this research is to explore absenteeism tendency, and the attitudes towards absenteeism and cheating of students who attended the teacher certificate program. In addition, this research aims to identify the views of students and lecturers on cheating and absenteeism. A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was employed in this research. The sample of the quantitative data was 321 teacher certificate program students studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey. Absenteeism tendency, cheating attitude and absenteeism attitude scales were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, correlation, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze the data. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interview forms. 14 students and 14 lecturers were interviewed, recorded, and transcribed. Qualitative data was analyzed through quantitative content analyses and descriptive analyses. Research findings show that verbal field students have significantly more positive cheating attitudes than quantitative field students. While cheating attitudes show no significant difference between genders, students in physical education departments have higher scores in the dimensions of environmental conditions and opportunity and ability than verbal and quantitative field students. Both students and lecturers describe cheating as “unfair behavior and plagiarism,” and absenteeism as a “right” in unavoidable situations. It is emphasized that the active participation of students in classes mostly depends on the instructor.
Investigation of the 5th Grade Students’ Engagements in Mathematics Course towards Student Opinions
Authors: Deveci Ozge , Aldan-Karademir Cigdem
Published: January 2019

The research was conducted to determine the opinions of students (10-11 years) on their engagement to mathematics course. These students are 5th grade students at a secondary school in Turkey. Qualitative research method was used in the research. At the study, designed as case study, a total of seven secondary school students were participated the research. The study group was constituted with “snowball sampling” technique of purposeful sampling methods. The data was collected by a semi-structured interview form. Sixteen-page interviews obtained from the interviews were transferred to the computer. Data analysis was performed in content analysis. Codes were listed as a result of analysis. Common themes were constituted from the codes. As a result of the research, three themes, (cognitive, social and emotional engagement) eleven sub-themes and eighty nine codes were determined. It was seen that the students’ most preferred superficial strategies in terms of cognitive engagement; negative opinions towards group work in terms of social engagement; value given to math course in terms of emotional engagement. Students preferred least getting support sub-theme in terms of cognitive engagement; competitive sub-theme in terms of social engagement; value to the mathematics teacher sub-theme in terms of emotional engagement.
Relationship between Academicians’ Organizational Identification Levels and Cynicism Attitudes in Sports Sciences
Authors: Caz Cagdas , Bardakci Sait
Published: January 2019

This study aims to analyze whether academics’ organizational cynicism attitudes and levels of organizational identification in the field of sports sciences differ based on certain variables and determine if any relationship exists between these two variables. “Organizational Cynicism Scale” and “Academics’ Organizational Cynicism Scale” were applied to 106 academics as a data collection tool. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used for nonparametric statistical data analysis. Bonferroni correction was taken into account in order to identify different groups. Spearman order correlation coefficient was calculated in order to identify the correlations among variables. The findings suggest that academics’ organizational cynicism and identification sub-dimensions did not display significant differences in terms of gender, marital status and academic title. However, significant differences were found among some sub-dimensions in terms of sufficiency of institution’s physical facilities, the status of place where the institution is located and financial aid from the institution. Additionally, negative and moderately significant correlations were found between all sub-dimensions of organization cynicism attitude and cognitive/behavioral/affective organizational identification sub-dimensions. It is considered that the present study will make important contributions to educational psychology thanks to its findings.
Prospect Theory and sentiment-driven fluctuations
Authors: Ciccarone Giuseppe , Giuli Francesco , Marchetti Enrico
Published: January 2019

In this paper we aim to present a novel channel through which the volatility of the monetary/financial sector affects the instability of the real macroeconomic variables originated by self-fulfilling market sentiments. To this aim, we insert some elements of Prospect Theory in the preferences of agents living in an overlapping generations economy where consumers’ heterogeneity and firms’ imperfect information on the level of aggregate demand allow market sentiments to affect the equilibrium path of the economy under rational expectations. In this environment, greater heterogeneity in the household’s narrow framing parameter and in the degree of competition in goods markets favor the emergence of self-fulfilling equilibria by exacerbating the coordination problem generated by a pair-wise matching process taking place in the labor market. Furthermore, the more dispersed are agents’ deviations from standard rationality the higher is the volatility of the economy due to sentiment fluctuations. Finally, a higher volatility of the money/financial market, by increasing the effect of Prospect Theory on households’ choices under risk, increases the noise of the signal upon which firms make their hiring decisions; this, in its turn, generates greater variability in market sentiments and hence in real economic activity.
Lexico-grammatical alignment in metaphor construal
Authors: Lederer Jenny
Published: January 2019

This study concerns the distribution of metaphorical lexis in discrete syntactic constructions. Source and target seed language from established conceptual metaphors in economic discourse is used to catalogue the specific patterns of how metaphorical pairs align in five syntactic constructions: A-NP, N-N, NP-of-NP, V-NP, and X is Y. Utilizing the Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, Mark. 2008–present.The corpus of contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990–present [Online Corpus]), the examination includes 12 frequent metaphorical target triggers combined with 84 source triggers to produce 2,016 ordered collocations, i.e.investment freezeandturbulent market. Through detailed type and token counts, results confirm that source domains function as conceptual material used to structure the target domain and disproportionally fill syntactic positions associated with predication (cf. Sullivan, Karen. 2009. Grammatical constructions in metaphoric language. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & K. Dziwirek (eds.),Studies in cognitive corpus linguistics. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Publishers; Sullivan, Karen. 2013.Frames and constructions in metaphoric language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing). Given a lexeme’s origin – source or target – when used in source-target metaphors, syntactic alignment can be predicted,market climateis metaphorical,climate marketis not. Exceptions to these strong tendencies are explained through genre-specific lexicalization processes in which predicate denoting terms likebubble(market bubble) establish themselves as domain modifiers (bubble market) in economic jargon. Through quantitative techniques to gage metaphorical conventionality and lexical versatility, corpus methodology is used to define and inform the value of frequency effects in cataloguing and understanding metaphorical lexicalization.
Study on corrosion investigations in industrial effluents: a review
Authors: Ram Chhotu , Zaman Bushra , Dhir Amit
Published: January 2019

Corrosion affects the usefulness of metallic materials used in the construction of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The present report investigates the corrosive and inhibitive properties of the chemicals present in the effluent of paper mill and distillery industries. Chemicals such as chloride, chlorophenols, phosphate, calcium, nitrite, and nitrate enhance corrosion, whereas the presence of sulfate, potassium, organic matter, and melanoidins (color) inhibits corrosion at an acidic pH level in distillery and paper mill effluents. A finding shows that pH level has an important role in increasing or decreasing the effect on corrosivity of effluents.
Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ya-Qian , Li Yu-Feng , Lei Meng-Jie , Liu Peng-Xi , Theobald Julie , Meng Li-Na , Liu Ting-Ting , Zhang Chun-Mei , Jin Chang-De
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To examine the best practice evidence of the effectiveness of the flipped classroom (FC) as a burgeoning teaching model on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education.

Data sources

The relevant randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non-RCT comparative studies were searched from multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) from inception to June 2017.

Review methods

The data were independently assessed and extracted for eligibility by two reviewers. The quality of included studies was assessed by another two reviewers using a standardized form and evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. The self-directed learning scores (continuous outcomes) were analyzed by using the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with the standard deviation average (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD). The heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’sI2statistic.

Results

A total of 12 studies, which encompassed 1440 nursing students (intervention group = 685, control group = 755), were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of 12 included studies, the quality level of one included study was A and of the others was B. The pooled effect size showed that compared with traditional teaching models, the FC could improve nursing students’ self-directed learning skill, as measured by the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS), Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for Nursing Education (SDLRSNE), Self-Regulated Learning Scale (SRL), Autonomous Learning Competencies scale (ALC), and Competencies of Autonomous Learning of Nursing Students (CALNS). Overall scores and subgroup analyses with the SRL were all in favor of the FC.

Conclusions

The result of this meta-analysis indicated that FCs could improve the effect of self-directed learning in nursing education. Future studies with more RCTs using the same measurement tools are needed to draw more authoritative conclusions.
Comparative effectiveness research on incision healing after lumbar spinal surgery with different TDP irradiation durations
Authors: Xiao Feng , Jiang Ren-Lian , Chen Jun-Ru , Long Xue-Mei
Published: January 2019

Objective

This research aims to investigate the best “Te Ding Dian Ci Bo Pu Zhi Liao Qi” (TDP) irradiation duration to enhance the efficacy of nursing and patient satisfaction.

Methods

A total of 34 eligible patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (n
=18) and the control group (n
=16) between December 2015 and December 2016. Qualitative and quantitative studies were combined to create an impersonal evaluation of incision pain score, time of stitches removal, duration of hospital stays, patient satisfaction, and subjective experience due to different TDP irradiation durations.

Results

The incision pain scores of the treatment group were 3.06±0.899 and 1.35±0.493 before and after treatment, respectively (P
< 0.05), whereas those of the control group were 2.46±1.127 and 1.0±0.707 before and after treatment, respectively (P
<0.05). No significant difference was found between the treatment group and the control group (P
>0.05). The time of stitches removal and the duration of hospital stays of the treatment group were 14.85±4.070 and 19.08±6.652, respectively, whereas those of the control group were 14.08±0.641 and 23.15±10.72 (P
>0.05), respectively. The patient satisfaction degree score of the treatment group was 2.77±0.439, whereas that of the control group was 2.08±0.954 (P
< 0.05).

Conclusions

TDP irradiation can effectively relieve the incision pain of patients after lumbar spinal surgery. The treatment group is superior to the control group in patient satisfaction.