bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blaschkolinearer akantholytischer dyskeratotischer epidermaler Nävus bei einem Säugling
Authors: Müller C. S. L. , Vogt T.
Published: December 2019

Vorgestellt wird ein 3 Monate alter Säugling mit seit Geburt bestehenden linearen Hautveränderungen am Bein, welche sich histologisch als akantholytischer dyskeratotischer epidermaler Nävus (ADEN) bestätigen ließen. Zusammenfassend ist der ADEN eine seltene Malformation, welche unmittelbar nach Geburt klinisch auffällt und sich ausschließlich durch den histologischen Befund einer fokalen akantholytischen Dyskeratose beweisen lässt bzw. die übrigen histologischen Differenzialdiagnosen einer akantholytischen Dyskeratose durch die klinische Umfeldbefundung auszuschließen sind.
Intestinales Mikrobiom und humanes Metabolom
Authors: Schütz Burkhard , Hofmann Heiko , Kuenen Ricarda
Published: December 2019

Die mikrobielle Besiedlung des Darmes (intestinales Mikrobiom) beeinflusst die Gesundheit des gesamten Organismus. Je nach Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms ergeben sich unterschiedliche Stoffwechselprozesse im Darm (Metabolom), die wiederum zu unterschiedlichen Stoffwechselprodukten, den Metaboliten, führen. In Abhängigkeit des intestinalen Mikrobioms und Metaboloms ergibt sich ein bestimmtes Metaboliten-Profil, welches bei der Entstehung und dem Verlauf diverser Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielen kann, auch bei onkologischen Erkrankungen. Mit dem Wissen dieser bisher nicht bekannten biochemischen Zusammenhänge eröffnen sich neue und ursachenorientierte therapeutische Möglichkeiten in der Behandlung und Prävention von onkologischen Fällen. In diesem Artikel stellen wir inzwischen gut erforschte Wechselwirkungen zwischen intestinalem Mikrobiom und der humanen Darmmucosa, dem Gallensäuren-Stoffwechsel, der Biotransformation und Ausscheidung von Hormonen, Toxinen und mehr vor. Auch Mikrobiomeinflüsse auf Nahrungsbestandteile (z. B. Lecithin, Carnitin, Cholin u. a.) und Tryptophanmetabolismus werden erörtert.
Halogens—‘Letting go’ of the ‘Ex Factor’
Authors: Acharya Anit
Published: December 2019

The halogens according to their position in the periodic table belong to Group VIIA, which means they have seven valence electrons and need an additional electron to complete the octet, which shows their quick reactive ability. Likewise, when these chemical properties of halogens are correlated with the psyche of groups, their core theme is deduced to be feeling of being betrayed or being hurt. To cope with such feelings, they cling to those around them, so as to avoid breaking the relationship, they grab things they desire for and try to flee that can cause them to face the rejection. They realise their mistake when condemned, so they stop their effort of struggling and ‘Let Go’ of the situation; to this they react in a repulsive manner. These are the failed sides of halogens. The prefix at this stage is 'ex' factors, that is, exile, extravagant, expelled, excommunicated, expiry and extortion. The halogens and other anions feel that to avoid the hurt, they must do something; for that they are termed as ‘doer's’. So, understanding the halogens with the psyche perspective makes our approach convergent.
Transnasal Esophageal Stricture Dilatation using Savary–Gilliard Dilator System—A Novel Approach
Authors: Goyal Kartik , Bhargava Narender , Dadhich Sunil , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2019

Transnasal esophagoscopy is office-based procedure, used by otolarynologists and gastroenterologists for evaluation of dysphagia, odynophagia, esophageal stricture dilatations, and other numerous indications. Through the scope (TTS) balloon dilatation using ultrathin gastroscope is routine practice in patients with esophageal stricture (ES). Here, we are highlighting a case of post corrosive esophageal stricture with inadequate mouth opening dilated using savary gilliard (SG) dilator system transnasally.
Effect of Suppressed Emotions on Health—Homoeopathic Aspect
Authors: Bawaskar Ramesh Supadu , Shinde Vaishali Haribhau
Published: December 2019

The disease pattern shifting nowadays is beyond the epidemiologic transition theory. The multifarious change in patterns of health and disease depends on demographic, psychological and socio-economical determinants and their consequences. It is strongly evident that disease pattern is shifting from communicable to lifestyle diseases.

There is an association between mental well-being and the immune system, which can be either overactive or suppressed, leading to related diseases disturbance of mind–body axis that has an effect on several aspects of the immune reaction through behavioural, neural and endocrine reactions to stimuli.
Gall Bladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis in Surgically Unfit Patients: Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Transmural Drainage or Endoscopic Transpapillary Drainage!
Authors: Shah Jimil , Rana Surinder S.
Published: December 2019

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a potentially serious condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice of AC in surgically fit candidates. However, high-risk surgical patients with AC are a therapeutic dilemma. Various alternative treatment options available include percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy (PTC), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gall bladder (GB) drainage or endoscopic transpapillary drainage of GB. Due to higher complication, unplanned hospital readmission rate, risk of tube dislodgement, and high risk of recurrent acute cholecystitis associated with PTC, endoscopic drainage GB is the preferred, minimally invasive treatment option. Both endoscopic transpapillary GB drainage as well as EUS-guided transmural drainage of GB are effective GB drainage options, but both of them have not been compared in terms of their efficacy and safety. In this news and views, we have discussed two interesting articles which have compared EUS-guided GB drainage and endoscopic transpapillary drainage.
Potassium ion influx and Na+,K+-ATPase activity are required for the hamster sperm acrosome reaction.
Authors: Mrsny R J , Meizel S
Published: December 2019

The role of a K+ ion influx and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hamster sperm acrosome reaction (AR) was examined, using a range of concentrations of K+,K+ ionophores and a Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor. Washed epididymal hamster sperm, capacitated in vitro in an artificial medium containing 2 mM Ca2+, 147 mM Na+, and 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 mM K+, began undergoing the AR after 3 h of incubation. Sperm incubated in low K+ (0.9 mM) failed to undergo the AR even after 5 h of incubation. Sperm in 0.9 mM K+ could be induced to undergo the AR when either K+ (12 mM) alone or K+ (12 mM) with 0.1 microM nigericin was added after 3.5 h of incubation. The addition of K+ alone stimulated the AR in 30 min, whereas nigericin plus K+ stimulated the AR 15 min after addition. Neither nigericin added alone (0.9 mM K+) nor nigericin plus 12 mM K+ added to a low Ca2+ (0.35 mM) system resulted in acrosome reactions. Valinomycin (1 nM) did not stimulate the AR when added together with K+ (3-24 mM) to sperm incubated in 0.9 mM K+ for 3.5 h but markedly decreased sperm motility. Micromolar levels of ouabain blocked the AR when added between t = 0--3 h to sperm incubated with 3-24 mM K+. Inhibition of AR by the addition of 1 microM ouabain to sperm incubated with 3 mM K+ was completely reversed by the addition of 0.1 microM nigericin at t = 3.5 h. These results suggest that Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the resulting K+ influx are important for the mammalian sperm AR. Some similarities between requirements for the hamster sperm AR and secretory granule exocytosis are discussed.
THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Pillemer Louis , Blum Livia , Lepow Irwin H. , Wurz Leona , Todd Earl W.
Published: December 2019

Page 2, line 18, for 5.0 '' M MgCl2, read 5.0 ml. M MgCl2.

Page 2, line 19, for 1.5 '' M CaCl2, read 1.5 ml. M CaCl2.
ON THE ROLE OF VIRUS SULFHYDRYL GROUPS IN THE ATTACHMENT OF ENTEROVIRUSES TO ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Philipson Lennart , Choppin Purnell W.
Published: December 2019

Many animal viruses possess the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes. In most but not all cases hemagglutination is due to the virus particle itself, and appears to result from the mechanical bridging of two or more erythrocytes by virus particles which attach to receptor sites on each erythrocyte (1, 2). Thus, attachment of virus particles to erythrocytes is a prerequisite for hemagglutination, and prevention of absorption of virus prevents hemagglutination.

Among the enteroviruses, many ECHO viruses and some strains of Coxsackie B3 virus agglutinate human erythrocytes (3-7), and the evidence indicates that hemagglutination is due to the virus particle itself (3, 5, 6). The precise mechanism of attachment of enteroviruses to cells is unknown. Chymotrypsin treatment of erythrocytes prevents the absorption of some ECHO viruses (8). This suggests that the receptor sites on the erythrocyte may be at least in part protein in nature.

The present communication is concerned with the mechanism of attachment of enteroviruses to cells. It is shown that sulfhydryl reagents block the hemagglutinating activity of enteroviruses. Treated virus fails to absorb to erythrocytes. Thiol compounds restore the hemagglutinating activity of enteroviruses treated with mercaptide-forming sulfhydryl reagents. The effect of sulfhydryl reagents on the infectivity of some enteroviruses is also described.
COMPLEMENT-DERIVED LEUKOTACTIC FACTORS IN PATHOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: Ward Peter A.
Published: December 2019

Leukotactic factors derived from the complement sequence consist of C5-related products, including the small cleavage product and the higher molecular weight complex (C567). A leukotactically active cleavage product (of low molecular weight) has also been described. The C5-related factors have been found in two conditions: soluble tissue extracts of immunologic vasculitis and in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The C3-related product has been found in synovial fluids from patients with inflammatory, nonrheumatoid arthritis and in extracts of experimentally infarcted myocardium. The presence of these factors may be causally related to the acute inflammatory nature of the cellular exudates.
C1q PRECIPITINS IN THE SERA OF PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND OTHER HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIC STATES: CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT TYPES
Authors: Agnello V. , Koffler D. , Eisenberg J. W. , Winchester R. J. , Kunkel H. G.
Published: December 2019

Precipitin reactions of C1q in gel diffusion proved useful in detecting unknown complexes containing γ-globulin in the sera of patients with SLE. Using this method low molecular weight C1q reactants also have been detected in a number of sera from patients with SLE as well as other diseases. Both the circulating complexes and the unidentified low molecular weight reactants are associated with disease activity and in vivo complement depression.

In some sera from patients with SLE, circulating complexes as detectable by C1q precipitation were closely associated with cryoprecipitins and an active nephritic process. Evidence is presented that both rheumatoid factors and C1q interact with circulating complexes in these patients and that the interaction is related to cryoprecipitation. The demonstration of the same rheumatoid factors in the cryoprecipitates and in the renal glomerular deposits suggests that rheumatoid factors have a special significance in the presence of circulating complexes.
HEMOLYTIC ASSAY OF THE NINTH COMPLEMENT COMPONENT: ELEVATION AND DEPLETION IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: Ruddy Shaun , Everson Lloyd K. , Schur Peter H. , Austen K. Frank
Published: December 2019

An effective molecule titration for the ninth component of complement in the biologic fluids of man was developed using EAC1-8 cells produced by treating EAC14 cells with a chromatographic fraction of human serum containing C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, and C8. Kinetic studies of the interaction of EAC1-8 with C9 indicated that this component was depleted from the fluid phase, and that the lytic reaction proceeded most rapidly at ionic strength 0.145, and at a temperature of 37°C. The mean value for C9 in normal serum was 52,000 ±12,000 units/ml. The mean serum C9 for patients with DJD, rheumatoid arthritis, or SLE without active renal disease was approximately twice the mean for normal individuals. Patients with SLE and active renal disease had a mean C9 value which fell within the normal range, but was significantly lower than in patients with SLE who did not have active renal disease. Two instances of absolutely subnormal C9 levels were observed in patients during attacks of florid SLE, including nephritis. Since the usual change in serum C9 in rheumatic diseases is a marked elevation, the occurrence of a subnormal value reflects circumstances in which depletion due to activation of the sequence exceeds the increases associated with the inflammatory response.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC STUDIES OF SYNOVIOCYTES AND SYNOVIAL EXUDATE CELLS
Authors: Hurd Eric R. , Kinsella T. Douglas , Ziff Morris
Published: December 2019

Inclusions were demonstrated in normal polymorphonuclear cells incubated with rheumatoid factor-positive synovial fluid. These stained positively for IgG, IgM, and the ß1C component of complement. When normal polymorphonuclear cells were incubated with factor-negative rheumatoid fluid, inclusions were not obtained. However, after addition of IgM rheumatoid factor to such fluids, discrete inclusions were observed with similar staining properties. In a minority of nonrheumatoid fluids, inclusions were also obtained after addition of IgM rheumatoid factor. The phagocytosis of inclusions from synovial fluids after addition of IgM rheumatoid factor suggests the presence of aggregated IgG in these fluids.

Immunofluorescent staining of phagocytic synovial lining cells, isolated from synovial tissue by trypsin digestion, demonstrated a diffuse staining pattern for IgG and the ß1C component of complement in cells from both seropositive and seronegative patients. In seropositive patients, discrete inclusions were also observed which stained positively for IgG, IgM, and ß1C. These findings provide evidence of in vivo phagocytosis of immune complexes from the synovial fluid.
THE C3-ACTIVATOR SYSTEM: AN ALTERNATE PATHWAY OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
Authors: Götze Otto , Müller-Eberhard Hans J.
Published: December 2019

Evidence has accumulated indicating the existence of a second complement activation mechanism which is functionally analogous to C1, C2, and C4. The noncomplement protein C3PA, previously recognized through its ability to form a complex enzyme with a protein from cobra venom, appears to be the precursor of the C4,2 analogue. It is a thermolabile ß-globulin with a molecular weight of 80,000. When serum is treated with naturally occurring plant or bacterial polysaccharides, the C3PA is cleaved into at least two fragments, one having the electrophoretic mobility of a γ-globulin and a molecular weight of 60,000, and the other being an acidic peptide with a molecular weight of 20,000. The larger fragment has the ability to cleave C3 into C3a and C3b and is therefore called C3 activator. It arises from the action of an as yet unidentified serum enzyme upon the C3PA, which is tentatively called C3PA convertase. In addition to endotoxins, yeast cell walls, inulin, and agar, aggregates of immunoglobulins were found to be activating substances, including human IgA, guinea pig γ1, and duck antibody. Serum depleted of C3PA had reduced E. coli bactericidal and increased hemolytic activity. The relationship of the C3-activator system to experimental and clinical observations has been discussed.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Webster Leslie T.
Published: December 2019

In several copies of the April number of The Journal oF Experi mental Medicine (Vol. xliii, No. 4), through an error in binding, Plates 20–23 were inserted after page 588 instead of after page 572. We shall be glad to bind your copy correctly if you will return it to The Williams & Wilkins Company, Mount Royal and Guilford Avenues, Baltimore, Maryland.
THE ISOLATION OF THE BLOOD GROUP A SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE FROM COMMERCIAL PEPTONE
Authors: Goebel Walther F.
Published: December 2019

Page 223, Table I, last column, 2nd line under per cent, for 7.07 read 70.7.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID
Authors: Kuhns William J. , Pappenheimer A. M.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 95, No. 4, April 1, 1952, the following sentence should be inserted in the paper by Drs. Kuhns and Pappenheimer on page 365, in the fifth line from the bottom:—

The high antitoxin titer found at this time is explained by the fact that the boy had already received an earlier "booster" dose of toxoid a few months previously.
ANALYSIS OF THE GEOTROPIC ORIENTATION OF YOUNG RATS. II
Authors: Crozier W. J. , Pincus G.
Published: December 2019

On page 85 and 86, Vol. 13, No. 1, September 20, 1929, the cuts for Figs. 10 and 11 should be interchanged. The cut on page 85 is Fig. 11 and should appear on page 86. The cut on page 86 is Fig. 10 and should appear on page 85. The legends should remain on the pages where they now appear.
THE PREPARATION OF THE GRADED COLLODION MEMBRANES OF ELFORD AND THEIR USE IN THE STUDY OF FILTERABLE VIRUSES
Authors: Bauer Johannes H. , Hughes Thomas P.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 18, No. 2, November 20, 1934, page 152, the first word in the eighth line from the foot of the page, for "stop-cock" read "stop-clock."

On the same page, in the third paragraph, the thirteenth line from the top, for 15.75 cm. read 15.75 mm.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG (ARBACIA)
Authors: Schmidt Gerhard , Hecht Liselotte , Thannhauser S. J.
Published: December 2019

The authors wish to correct an error in the paper "The behavior of the nucleic acids during the early development of the sea urchin egg (Arbacia)" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 203). Owing to an oversight, the figures for the amounts of various P fractions in a single Arbacia egg have been erroneously expressed in γ x 10–3 units (Tables I and II, page 205; the last two lines of page 206). The figures should have been expressed in γ x 10–5 units.

Thus, the fertilized Arbacia egg contains an average of 20 γ x 10–5 ribonucleic acid P and 0.7 to 1 γ x 10–5 desoxyribonucleic acid P.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY OF MARINE PLANTS
Authors: Yocum C. S. , Blinks L. R.
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 38, No. 1, September 20, 1954, page 14, insert between equations (3) and (4) the words "In the compensating vessel:"

On the same page in equation (6) pCO2 should read pcCO2.
THE ACTIVATION OF STARFISH EGGS BY ACIDS
Authors: Lillie Ralph S.
Published: December 2019

The accompanying slip is to replace the correction which appeared in front of Vol. viii, No. 5, June 20, 1926.

On page 348, Vol. viii, No. 4, April 20, 1926, in the last line of foot-note 17, for the expression 0.8/22.4 x 295/273 = 0.034 read 0.8 ÷ (22.4 x 295/273) = 0.034.
Adsorption of Congo red with hydrothermal treated shiitake mushroom
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Yanhui , Zheng Heng , Luan Xinyu , Li Hong , Wang Yuqi , Du Qiuju , Sui Kunyan , Li Hongliang , Xia Yanzhi
Published: December 2019

The shiitake mushroom was treated by hydrothermal method to obtain a novel biosorbent. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method have been used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the novel biosorbent. Factors affecting the adsorption properties of Congo red onto biosorbent such as pH, dose, time and temperature were investigated respectively. The experimental data more suitable for the langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the biosorbent obtained by the Langmuir model at 293 K was 217.86 mg g−1. The kinetic study illustrated that the adsorption fit the pseudo-first-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous endothermic reaction.
Comparative study using different external sources of aluminum on the zeolites synthesis from rice husk ash
Authors: Klunk Marcos Antonio , Das Mohuli , Dasgupta Sudipta , Impiombato Andrea Natale , Caetano Nattan Roberto , Wander Paulo Roberto , Moraes Carlos Alberto Mendes
Published: December 2019

Rice husk is considered as a waste in the rice industry but is proficient in manufacturing different materials, such as zeolites, which is produced in large quantities all over the world, for example in Brazil. Zeolite is an adsorbent support material, which can be synthesized from rice husk ash (RHA) with external sources of aluminium (ESA). The scientific community has been conducting several measures to minimize the environmental impacts caused by greenhouse gases. Several mitigation processes are presently investigated, which includes carbon dioxide injections into adsorbent materials (e.g. zeolites). The efficiency of this technology involves a zeolitic material with high crystallinity and high concentrations of SiO2 and Al2O3 (aluminosilicates). In the present work, zeolites have been synthesized from rice husk ash (SiO2 source) and external aluminium sources (Al2O3 - alumina, gibbsite and metakaolin) to fulfill that purpose. With the aid of XRF, XRD, SEM/EDS and FTIR techniques, the zeolitic material was characterized in two distinct crystalline phases: Mordenite and ZSM-5. The synthesis was carried out by the ideal addition of ESA (2.5 g) to RHA. According to the literature, the zeolitic materials formed by the mixture of Mordenite and ZSM-5 can be availed for gas separation and greenhouse gas storage.
Study on production of modified MCrAlY powder with nano oxide dispersoids as HVOF thermal spray feedstock using mechanical milling
Authors: Zakeri A , Ghadami F , Sabour Rouhaghdam A , Saeedi B
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates NiCoCrAlY-CeO2 nanocomposite powders prepared by mechanical milling process. At first, micron-sized ceria powder was pre-milled to obtain nano-sized powders and then 1 wt% CeO2 was mixed with the conventional NiCoCrAlY powder and milled under three sets of parameters. The conventional and milled powders were deposited on low carbon steel substrates by HVOF thermal spray technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and image analyzing method were used to characterize the prepared powders and coatings. Microstructural characterization showed that the milled powders underwent morphological and phase transitions. Through the microstructural and compositional analyses, it was found that a homogeneous distribution of CeO2 nano-dispersoids in the NiCoCrAlY matrix was obtained. The resulting coatings showed that by using optimized milling parameters, required particle size and suitable morphology for thermal spray can be achieved.
Lunar eclipse picture bags astronomy prize
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: December 2019

Hungarian photographer László Francsics has beaten thousands of amateur and professional rivals from around the world to win the 2019 Insight Investment Astronomy Photographer of the Year.
Elevator pitches
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: December 2019

James McKenzie explains why a good elevator pitch is so vital – whether it’s introducing yourself, writing a CV or pitching a technology or business plan
Roman ruler
Authors: Noviello Fabio
Published: December 2019

In response to the feature “Treating epilepsy with physics” (September pp35–38) by Louis Nemzer, who describes how novel approaches to predicting and treating epileptic seizures are being developed thanks to advances in our understanding of the physics of the brain.
Crash and burn
Authors: Commissariat Tushna
Published: December 2019

Poignant, haunting, deep, poetic, existential, intimate – I have read a combination of some or all of those words in a number of reviews, fawning over the latest blockbuster science-fiction film, Ad Astra. But despite being the prime audience for such a film, I found it lacking.
New cooling effect seen in twisting fibres
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: December 2019

With the demand for refrigeration rising all the time, the search is on for cooling systems that do not use gases that harm the environment.
Lithium-ion battery inventors bag chemistry Nobel prize
Authors: Johnson Hamish
Published: December 2019

The 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been awarded to John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for the development of lithium-ion batteries.
Gatekeeping Stories of Dissent and Mobility
Authors: Pérez-Torres Rafael
Published: December 2019

Three recent studies meditate on the significance of narratives by and about racial subjects and exiled radicals in an age of increased social surveillance and control. Elda María Román in Race and Upward Mobility (2017) analyzes popular stories about racially or ethnically identified characters who, seeking upward social mobility, face a quandary. They try to sustain an empowering sense of racial affiliation while seeking to gain upward social and class mobility. Permissible Narratives (2017) by Christopher González analyzes how the form taken by narratives about racial and class affiliation serves to mark ethnic identification. Latinx literary texts that do not follow prescribed forms deliberately undo aesthetic norms and thus enact a kind of transgressive Latinidad. Where the US forms the sociocultural parameters of these two books, Teresa V. Longo’s Visible Dissent (2018) considers the sociocultural interchanges between the US and Latin American writers who articulate a literature of opposition, resistance, and dissent against repressive forms of social and political control. Each study weighs a hope for transformative social change against the power of the efficient, impersonal, even brutal management that comprises modernity.
A functional–structural plant model that simulates whole- canopy gas exchange of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) under different training systems
Authors: Prieto Jorge A , Louarn Gaetan , Perez Peña Jorge , Ojeda Hernán , Simonneau Thierry , Lebon Eric
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims

Scaling from single-leaf to whole-canopy photosynthesis faces several complexities related to variations in light interception and leaf properties. To evaluate the impact of canopy strucuture on gas exchange, we developed a functional–structural plant model to upscale leaf processes to the whole canopy based on leaf N content. The model integrates different models that calculate intercepted radiation, leaf traits and gas exchange for each leaf in the canopy. Our main objectives were (1) to introduce the gas exchange model developed at the plant level by integrating the leaf-level responses related to canopy structure, (2) to test the model against an independent canopy gas exchange dataset recorded on different plant architectures, and (3) to quantify the impact of intra-canopy N distribution on crop photosynthesis.

Methods

The model combined a 3D reconstruction of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopy architecture, a light interception model, and a coupled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance model that considers light-driven variations in N distribution. A portable chamber device was constructed to measure whole-plant gas exchange to validate the model outputs with data collected on different training systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact on C assimilation of different N content distributions within the canopy.

Key Results

By considering a non-uniform leaf N distribution within the canopy, our model accurately reproduced the daily pattern of gas exchange of different canopy architectures. The gain in photosynthesis permitted by the non-uniform compared with a theoretical uniform N distribution was about 18 %, thereby contributing to the maximization of C assimilation. By contrast, considering a maximal N content for all leaves in the canopy overestimated net CO2 exchange by 28 % when compared with the non-uniform distribution.

Conclusions

The model reproduced the gas exchange of plants under different training systems with a low error (10 %). It appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of a grapevine training system on water use efficiency at the plant level.
Evaluation of different temporal periods between hormone-induced ovulation attempts in the female Fowler’s toad Anaxyrus fowleri
Authors: Guy Emmet L , Martin Michelle W , Kouba Andrew J , Cole Judith A , Kouba Carrie K
Published: December 2019

Many amphibian species reinitiate the processes of preparing for reproduction (e.g. oogenesis) soon after breeding indicating hormone-induced ovulation could potentially be achieved out-of-season, which would lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Such strategies would be beneficial to captive breeding programs for threatened species that are short-lived, have aging populations or need large numbers of offspring to meet reintroduction goals for species recovery. Unfortunately, little is known regarding how female anurans respond to multiple ovulation events within a year, which could lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Thus, we evaluated the effect of temporal period between exogenous hormone stimulation events on egg production using the Fowler’s toad Anaxyrus fowleri as a model species. Female toads (n = 21) were administered hormone therapy twice in 1 year with toads randomly assigned to a treatment of either a 4-, 8- or 12-month recovery period between hormone stimulations. Ovulation was induced using two priming doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU; hCG) 72 h apart, followed by a resolving dose of hCG (500 IU) plus gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa; 15 μg) given 24 h after the second priming injection. Measured response variables include the number of females ovulating after treatment, total number of eggs produced and percent fertilization, neurula and tadpole development. No significant treatment effects were observed for any response variable (P > 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that hormone therapy can be administered in a bufonid species every 4 or 8 months without significantly affecting the number of ovulating females, egg production, fertilization, neurulation or tadpole development. By collecting gametes out-of-season or multiple times throughout the year, captive breeding programs could potentially increase tadpole production for reintroductions as well as extend the breeding window in captivity.
Diagnosis and Outcome of Oesophageal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Vale Rodrigues Rita , Sladek Margaret , Katsanos Konstantinos , van der Woude C Janneke , Wei Juan , Vavricka Stephan R , Teich Niels , Ellul Pierre , Savarino Edoardo , Chaparro Maria , Beaton David , Oliveira Ana Maria , Fragaki Maria , Shitrit Ariella Bar-Gil , Ramos Laura , Karmiris Konstantinos ,   ECCO CONFER investigators, Kopylov Uri , Fiorino Gionata , Sebastian Shaji , Ellul Pierre , Ferrante Marc , Gisbert Javier , Gecse Kristina , Mansfield John , Beaugerie Laurent , Bossuyt Peter
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims

Crohn’s disease [CD] can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to characterize the clinical, endoscopic and histological features and treatment outcomes of CD patients with oesophageal involvement.

Methods

We collected cases through a retrospective multicentre European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation CONFER [COllaborative Network For Exceptionally Rare case reports] project. Clinical data were recorded in a standardized case report form.

Results

A total of 40 patients were reported (22 males, mean [±SD, range] age at oesophageal CD diagnosis: 25 [±13.3, 10–71] years and mean time of follow-up: 67 [±68.1, 3–240] months). Oesophageal involvement was established at CD diagnosis in 26 patients [65%] and during follow-up in 14. CD was exclusively located in the oesophagus in two patients. Thirteen patients [32.2%] were asymptomatic at oesophageal disease diagnosis. Oesophageal strictures were present in five patients and fistulizing oesophageal disease in one. Eight patients exhibited granulomas on biopsies. Proton-pump inhibitors [PPIs] were administered in 37 patients [92.5%]. Three patients underwent endoscopic dilatation for symptomatic strictures but none underwent oesophageal-related surgery. Diagnosis in pre-established CD resulted in treatment modifications in 9/14 patients. Clinical remission of oesophageal disease was seen in 33/40 patients [82.5%] after a mean time of 7 [±5.6, 1–18] months. Follow-up endoscopy was performed in 29/40 patients and 26/29 [89.7%] achieved mucosal healing.

Conclusion

In this case series the endoscopic and histological characteristics of isolated oesophageal CD were similar to those reported in other sites of involvement. Treatment was primarily conservative, with PPIs administered in the majority of patients and modifications in pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease-related therapy occurring in two-thirds of them. Clinical and endoscopic remission was achieved in more than 80% of the patients.
Personal perspective on inequality: conference attendance as an Iranian citizen
Authors:   Anonymous
Published: December 2019

Science is expected to be borderless and inclusive of any interested individuals. The efforts made by academic institutions to promote diversity and inclusiveness are unfortunately undermined by discriminatory government policies. Iranian researchers suffer from limited mobility for attending scientific gatherings and are underrepresented due to lack of exposure, as they can be subject to discrimination for entering some countries, e.g. the US travel ban. As an Iranian citizen, I was denied an academic visitor visa to attend FEMS congress in Glasgow in 2019 to share my Ph.D. research results. This resulted in considerable waste of time, funds and efforts leaving me with a great deal of pain and frustration. In this article, I share my story to help raise awareness about compromised equity in the scientific community as a result of institutional discrimination and racism.
Persistence of a trigeminal artery associated with a posterior meningeal artery aneurysm: case report and literature review
Authors: Bechri Hajar , Louraoui Sidi Mamoun , Fikri Meriem , El Fatemi Nizare , El Maaqili Moulay Rachid , El Abbadi Najia
Published: December 2019

A 59-year-old female presented with severe headache and trouble of consciousness. The CT showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage FISHER IV with a hematoma of the right cerebellum. The angiography discovered a persistent left trigeminal artery associated with an aneurysm of the right posterior meningeal artery. The attempt of embolization failed and the patient suffered cerebral vasospasm and died. The persistence of a trigeminal artery is found in 0.1–0.6% of the population. It is the most frequent embryological carotid-vertebral anastomosis. It appears at the fifth week of development and disappears when the embryo reaches 5–7 mm. This embryological persistence is associated with numerous vascular abnormalities. The literature review showed the presence of those aneurysms in the trigeminal artery itself or the communicating artery. The association that we described is the first to our knowledge. Therefore, this association is particular and interesting to expose.
Relations Between Variables and Trends Over Time in Rdd Telephone and Nonprobability Sample Internet Surveys
Authors: Pasek Josh , Krosnick Jon A
Published: December 2019

Survey researchers today can choose between relatively higher-cost probability sample telephone surveys and lower-cost surveys of nonprobability samples of potential respondents who complete questionnaires via the internet. Previous studies generally indicated that the former yield more accurate distributions of variables, but little work to date has explored the impact of mode and sampling on associations between variables and trends over time. The current study did so using parallel surveys conducted in 2010 focused on opinions, events, behavioral intentions, and behaviors involving that year’s Decennial Census. A few comparisons indicated that the two data streams yielded similar results, but the two methods frequently yielded different results, often strikingly so, and the results yielded by the probability samples seem likely to be the more accurate ones.
Risk of predation alters resource allocation in Daphnia under food limitation
Authors: Klintworth Sandra , Von Elert Eric
Published: December 2019

Life-history theory predicts that animals adjust their resource allocation to somatic growth or to reproduction to maximize fitness. Resource allocation in Daphnia is known to respond to quantitative food limitation as well as to kairomones released from predators. Here we investigated in a full-factorial design how kairomone from larvae of Chaoborus flavicans, a gape-limited predator, and food quantity (0.5 mg C/L versus 1.5 mg C/L) affect the fatty acid allocation of D. pulex. Low food diminished somatic growth, clutch size and clutch biomass and increased neckteeth formation in response to the kairomone. Low food further led to increased fatty acid amounts per individual egg as well as to increased fatty acid content in eggs and to increased relative fatty acid allocation to reproduction. The latter effect was suppressed by kairomone of Chaoborus, whereas on high food the provision of eggs was further enhanced. We also found that more eicosapentaenoic acid was retained in the body of mothers in the presence of the predator at low food concentrations. These findings indicate that under food limitation and in the presence of kairomone from Chaoborus larvae, Daphnia switches from allocation into current reproduction to investment into future reproductive events.
Psychological Subgrouping to Assess the Risk for the Development or Maintenance of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Linton Steven J. , Kienbacher Thomas
Published: December 2019

Background:

Because musculoskeletal pain problems are so prevalent, new methods of evaluating and treating patients are needed to increase effectiveness. Subgrouping is a method wherein patients are classified into defined groups on the basis of psychosocial factors with the expectation of more specific and tailored treatments can be prescribed for them. For those seeking care for a new episode, the risk of developing chronic pain-related disability is assessed, whereas, for those with existing pain, the risk for the maintenance of the chronic pain problem is evaluated.

Aim:

The purpose of this narrative review is to examine how patients are classified into subgroups with regard to methods of evaluation and to ascertain whether subgrouping actually facilitates treatment.

Results:

For the development of disability, screening tools, for example, the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire, accurately stratify patients into groups (eg, high, medium, low risk) that predict future pain-related work disability. In addition, several studies show that treatments that directly key in on risk groups enjoy enhanced outcomes compared with treatment as usual. For the maintenance of chronic musculoskeletal pain problems, there are several instruments that classify patients into specific groups or profiles, for example, on the basis of the avoidance and endurance model or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) assessment. Although some evidence shows that these classifications are related to treatment outcome, we found no study that directly tested a system for providing treatment matched to the subgrouping for maintenance.

Conclusions:

We conclude that it is possible to reliably subgroup patients with musculoskeletal problems. Likewise, treatments that address the risk factors in the screening procedure may enhance outcomes compared with treatment as usual. More work is needed, however, to better understand the mechanism, so that assessment methods can be improved, and treatment specific to subgroups can be developed and evaluated.
Early Results of a Management Algorithm for Collapsing Spine Deformity in Young Children (Below 10-Year Old) With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II
Authors: Bekmez Senol , Dede Ozgur , Yataganbaba Alper , Demirkiran Halil G. , Yazici Muharrem
Published: December 2019

Background:

Progressive C-shaped scoliosis with marked pelvic obliquity is common to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Reducing the number of procedures with effective deformity control is critical to minimize the risk of pulmonary complications. This study reports the preliminary results of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) in SMA-related collapsing spine deformity.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria for this retrospective review were: (1) SMA type 2 patients, (2) early onset scoliosis (below 10 y), (3) collapsing spine deformity with pelvic obliquity, (4) growth-friendly scoliosis treatment with MCGR, (5) in between 2014 and 2017. Extracted data included demographic and clinical information, radiologic parameters, surgical details, and final status of the patients.

Results:

A total of 11 patients (7 boys, 4 girls) were included. The average age at index surgery was 8.2 (6 to 10) years. Dual MCGR was implanted in 8 patients. In 3 patients, because of curve rigidity and inability of apex to be brought into the stable zone, apical fusion with gliding connectors (convexity) and a single MCGR (concavity) was preferred. Instrumentation included the pelvis in 9 and stopped at the lumbar spine (L3) in 2 patients at the index procedure. Average preoperative deformity of 81.8 degrees (66 to 115) decreased to 29 degrees (11 to 57) postoperatively and was 26 degrees at average 35 months (16 to 59). Pelvic obliquity of 20.9 degrees (11 to 30) decreased to 4.9 degrees (2 to 8) after index surgery and was 6.5 degrees (2 to 16) at the last follow-up. T1-S1 height of 329 mm (280 to 376) after index surgery increased to 356 mm (312 to 390) after 9.2 (4 to 20) outpatient lengthening. No neurologic, infectious, or implant-related complication was recorded. Distal adding-on deformity occurred in 2 patients without initial pelvic fixation.

One patient deceased secondary to pneumonia at 16 months after surgery.

Conclusions:

Short-term results indicate that MCGR may be a good option in SMA-associated collapsing spine deformity to reduce the burden of repetitive lengthening procedures. The authors recommend apical deformity control in the convex side in case of curve rigidity. In addition, including the pelvis in the instrumentation at index surgery is critical to prevent distal adding-on.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—retrospective case series.
Hyperkalemia in heart failure
Authors: Sidhu Kiran , Sanjanwala Rohan , Zieroth Shelley
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review

Hyperkalemia is increasingly prevalent in the heart failure population as more people live with heart failure and comorbid conditions such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors are a key component of clinical therapy in these populations. Until now, we have not had any reliable or tolerable therapies for treatment of hyperkalemia resulting in inability to implement or achieve target doses of RAAS inhibition. This review will focus on two new therapies for hyperkalemia: patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC).

Recent findings

Patiromer and SZC have been studied in heart failure and both agents have demonstrated the ability to maintain normokalemia for extended periods of time with improved side effect profiles than existing potassium binders such as sodium polystyrene sulfate, though no direct comparisons have occurred. SZC has also shown promise in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia with its quick onset of action.

Patiromer and SZC will be useful adjuncts in the clinical care of heart failure patients with hyperkalemia. These agents will allow clinicians to maintain patients on RAAS inhibitors and uptitrate their guideline directed medical therapy to target doses without the additional concern for recurrent hyperkalemia and its untoward effects.
SUPPLEMENTAL SCLERAL BUCKLE IN THE ERA OF SMALL INCISION VITRECTOMY AND WIDE-ANGLE VIEWING SYSTEMS
Authors: Tabandeh Homayoun , Khachaturov Andranik , Rezaei Kourous A. , Boyer David S.
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate trends and outcomes of scleral buckle as adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy for management of retinal detachment.

Methods:

Retrospective case series including 300 consecutive cases of retinal detachment that underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The series was divided into three consecutive groups: Group A (first 100 cases), Group B (second 100 cases), and Group C (third 100 cases).

Results:

Three hundred eyes of 289 patients, mean age 61.0 years, were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 31.3 months for Group A, 28.5 months for Group B, and 12.0 months for Group C (P < 0.001). The baseline mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution equivalent was 1.58 for Group A, 1.31 for Group B, and 1.33 for Group C (P = 0.15). Supplemental scleral buckle was performed in 53% of Group A, 35% of Group B, and 17% of Group C (P < 0.001). Single surgery reattachment rate was 93% for Group A, 95% for Group B, and 97% for Group C (P = 0.48). The mean change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution equivalent was −0.84 for Group A, −0.81 for Group B, and −0.71 for Group C (P = 0.50).

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates decreasing use of supplemental scleral buckle in the era of small gauge vitrectomy surgery and wide-angle viewing systems while the outcomes remain stable. Selective, less frequent use of supplemental scleral buckle is compatible with good anatomical and visual outcomes.
Correlation Between Electrocochleographic Changes During Surgery and Hearing Outcome in Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Dalbert Adrian , Rohner Peter , Roosli Christof , Veraguth Dorothe , Huber Alexander , Pfiffner Flurin
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To determine the correlation between intraoperative changes of electrocochleography (ECochG) responses and traumatic cochlear implant insertions as well as postoperative hearing loss.

Methods:

ECochG, radiological, and audiological data were collected prospectively in a cochlear implant recipient with otosclerosis and assumed cochlear trauma during electrode insertion. A systematic review was conducted within PubMed-NCBI, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using the terms “Cochlear implant” and “Electrocochleography.” Original studies that evaluated intraoperative ECochG responses and postoperative hearing loss were selected and analyzed.

Results:

The case report revealed a drop of intra- and extracochlear ECochG signals during electrode insertion. The postoperative computed tomography scan suggested a scalar dislocation. There was no measurable hearing 4 weeks after surgery. Within the database search, nine articles met the inclusion criteria. All were case series reports (range from 2 to 36 subjects) with a total of 173 subjects. Due to the heterogeneous data, a meta-analysis was unfeasible.

Conclusions:

In concordance with some findings in the literature, the presented case report suggests that a drop of intra- and extracochlear ECochG signals during the insertion of the electrode array is associated with cochlear trauma and postoperative hearing loss in some cases. However, the literature is inconclusive regarding the correlation between intraoperative changes of the ECochG signals and postoperative hearing preservation. More studies investigating the correlation are needed to provide sufficient data.