bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis factors affecting the success of Brahman Cross female cattle production improvement program from Australia in South Tapanuli District
Authors: Siregar A R , Umar S , Tafsin M , Sari T V
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this research were: (1) Knowing the effect maintenance system, marriage system, breeders’ resources, development of related institutions and feeding patterns of livestock body condition scores on Production Improvement Program from Australia in Southern Tapanuli; (2) Knowing the prospects for program development and formulating appropriate strategies to be implemented to support the Brahman Cross Female Production. The determination of samples was done by purposive sampling method as many as 74 respondents. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and SWOT analysis. The results showed simultaneously, maintenance system, marriage systems, human resources, fostering relevant institutions, feeding patterns, and the farmer knowledge of the animal’s body condition score were influenced the success of livestock production variables, while partially, the variables that were influenced. the success of livestock production and having a positive coefficient value are the maintenance system, the marriage system, breeders’ human resources, and feeding patterns. The results of the SWOT analysis indicate that influence of internal factors is 1.56 and external factors are 1.59 so that an appropriate strategy for the development of Australian Brahman Cross Female Cattle Production Improvement Program in Southern Tapanuli is Opportunity strategy that is used the power to take advantage of opportunities
Birth weight, milk production, and milk quality of Ettawah grade goat at first kidding period supplemented with concentrate contained katuk (Sauropus androgynous) leaf flour and Zn bio complex
Authors: Noach Y R , Handayani H T , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Ettawah goat at the kidding period, which supplemented concentrate containing katuk leaf flour and bio complex Zn flour. 16 goats were being used in the study with an average body weight of 38.19±2.4 kg. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were: T0=breeder pattern feed (forage of lamtoro + 0.5 kg concentrate); T1=feed pattern breeder + katuk leaf flour 77.5g; T2=T1+Zn bio complex 1.03 g/kg concentrate; and T3=T1+Zn bio complex 2.06 g/kg concentrate. Variables measured included milk production, milk quality, birth weight of the kid. The results showed that treatments had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on the birth weight of kid and milk production, but it was not significant (p>0.05) on milk quality. Average birth weight of the kid, T0: 2.54±0.08kg; T1: 3.09±0.39kg; T2: 3.10±0.21kg and T3: 3.39±0.61kg. Average does milk production T0: 618.99±5.96; T1: 961.38±38.09; T2: 1016.49±17.35 and T3: 1144.00±92.67ml/head/day. concluded that supplementation of katuk flour and Zn bio complex in feed concentrate for elderly pregnant does of Ettawah goat breeders could increase milk production and birth weight of kid during kidding period.
Increasing propionate acid production in Bali cattle through ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation as a strategy to mitigate methane gas production
Authors: Hartati E , Saleh A , Sulistijo E D , Oematan G , Benu I , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The study aimed to evaluate zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinat supplementation with concentrates on rumen fermentation of Bali cattle. The experiment design used randomized block design. The animal randomized, assigned into four groups of treatment diet. They were T0 = Ammoniated kume grass standing hay + concentrate (60:40); T1 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 1 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; T2 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 2 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; and T3 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 3 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate. Supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate in the concentrate did not increase significantly NH3 concentration, total VFA, acetate, and butyrate production. However, supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate increase significantly (P<0.01) propionate production, decrease propionate and acetate ratio. The best of rumen fermentation achieved at level of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation 150 mg ZnSO4 kg−1. Concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleusinat kg−1 diet. It can concluded supplementing Bali cattle with combination of 1.5% lemuru oil, 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate / kg DM ration had increased NH3, VFA concentrations, C3 production, but decreased C2 and C2/C3 ratio which positively correlated with decrease in CH4 gas production.
Preservation of bovine semen using egg yolk substituted with extract guava in water from yellow coconut on the semen quality and fertility of Bali cattle
Authors: Marawali A , Abdullah M S , Jalaludin  , Nalley W M , Hine T M , Henuk Y L
Published: April 2020

The present study used the ratio of 80% coconut water and 11 - 20% egg yolk substitution with extract guava ranged from 4 to 9% in order to determine the quality and fertility of Bali cattle storaged at 50C. This study used a complete factorial design with two factors and six treatments. The first factor was coconut water and egg yolk substituted with extract guava extender at different ratio consisted of 6 treatments. They were: (1) T0 (control) = 80% coconut water + 20% egg yolk without extract guava; (2) T1 = 80% coconut water + 16% egg yolk + 4% extract guava; (3) T1 = 80% coconut water + 15% egg yolk + 5% extract guava; (4) T2 = 80% coconut water + 14% egg yolk + 6% extract guava; (5) T3 = 80% coconut water + 13% egg yolk + 7%; and (5) T4 = 80% coconut water + 12% egg yolk + 8% extract guava; and (6) T5 = 80% coconut water + 11% egg yolk + 9% extract guava. The second factor was the length of storage at low temperature which consisted of 3 treatments, including 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days and 7 days. The semen used in this study had motility ranged from 50 to 55%. The variables measured in this study were intact plasma membrane (IPM) and intact acrosome hood (ICH). The results showed that the percentage of spermatozoa motility for T1 until the sixth day of storage was 55.51%, T2 until the seventh day of storage was 40.14%, T0 to the fifth day was 41.73%, T3 and T4 until the fourth day was 43.85% and 41.11%, respectively, whereas for T5 only until the third day were 51.00% and T6 until the second day amounted to 48.83%. Viability of Bali cattle spermatozoa in the six treatment groups where egg yolk substituted with extract guava was higher (T1, T2 and T6) compared to T0 from the first day until the fifth day of storage. It can be concluded that substitution of 15% egg yolk with 5% extract guava in 80% coconut water diluents can maintain IPM and ICH spermatozoa of Bali cattle until the sixth day of storaged at 5°C.
Utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the characteristics carcass and non carcass of male Kacang Goat
Authors: Sari T V , Sadeli A , Hanafi N D , Tafsin M
Published: April 2020

The study aims to determine the effect of the utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on carcass characteristics and non carcass male kacang goat.This study uses a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications.The diets used in this research was complete feed fermented with different percentage of cassava peel, among others P0 (cassava dried 75 % and cassava peel 0 %), P1 (cassava dried 55 % and cassava peel 20 %), P2 (cassava dried 35 % and cassava peel 40 %) and P3 (cassava dried 15 % and cassava peel 60 %). The variables observed in this study include slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The results obtained in this study indicate that utilization of complete feed fermented based waste cassava peel was not significantly different (P> 0.05) on slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The conclusion of this study is utilization of complete feed fermented based cassava peel waste does not affect the characteristics carcass and non carcass.
A short note on Siak River, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Onrizal O , Mansor M
Published: April 2020

The Siak River is recorded as the deepest rivers in Indonesia and used as main transportation route since long time ago for bid ship. Due to high human activities, most of the natural resources are disturbed; however there is limited studies related to impact of disturbance on natural resources. This study aimed to record the natural resources of the Siak River both vegetation and fisheries as well as to assess the environmental stress due to human activities around the areas. About 26 species of dominant vegetation was recorded which exotic and invasive plant species had invaded the catchment areas of the Siak River. Fish population and fishermen income were recorded decreasing due to increasing the environmental disturbances. Due to land conversion, sedimentations were occurred. Then environmental pressures on the Siak River were intense by the rapid development of industries and the pollutants are causing risk for humans, biodiversity and environment. Therefore, a good catchment area management need to be implemented to restore the natural resources of the Siak River ecosystem.
Growth and productivity of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on media rice straw mixed with sawdust
Authors: Rambey R , Simbolon F M , Siregar E B M
Published: April 2020

Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated in a medium derived from wood dust or lignin which has been weathered and wrapped in plastic. The purpose of this research is to measure the effect of the composition of rice straw mixture on white oyster mushroom growing media on the growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) and get the best composition of planting media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of six treatments. The treatment used is the composition of the planting media with a mixture of rice straw 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that the mixture of rice straw resulted in mycelium growth and the age of harvest began to be longer. The composition of the best growing media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms is a mixture of 30% rice straw (300-gram rice straw + sawdust 550 grams).
Characterization of microcapsule containing black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) extract as preventive antioxidant
Authors: Siregar M H , Sinaga H , Ridwansyah
Published: April 2020

The aim of this analysis was to complete antioxidant activity in microcapsule and to develop black cumin seed extract microcapsules by spray drying technique. The analysis was performed using a non-factorial completely randomized design. Firstly, microcapsules were made with 4 formulations using maltodextrin and soy protein as coating materials for the microcapsule and with black cumin extract and water. Formulation were using in this research were formula A (28,57:14,29:42,86:200), formula B (28,57:14,29:51,43:220), formula C (28,57:14,29:60,00:240), formula D (28,57:14,29:68,57:260). The analysed parameters moisture content, solubility and antioxidant activity (IC50 value). The result showed that the addition black seed extract provides a very significant different (P<0,01) effect on content of moisture, solubility, and antioxidant activity. The best formulation was formula D (28,57:14,29:68,57:260) with result activity antioxidant (IC50) 22,29 µg/ml.
Effect of manual brewing techniques on the sensory profiles of Arabica coffees (Aceh Gayo wine process and Bali Kintamani honey process)
Authors: Sunarharum W B , Farhan M
Published: April 2020

Post-harvest processing is known as one of the most important factors that influence coffee flavour quality. Amongst many different fermentation techniques, honey and wine processing are getting more popular in the country these days. Therefore, many single origins coffees processed following these techniques. There are also several manual brewing techniques readily available for Indonesian coffee consumers, and those techniques may give distinctive sensory characteristics to the brewed coffees. This research was aimed to study the effect of manual brewing techniques i.e. Indonesian “tubruk” method, Vietnam drip, cold brew, and aero press on the sensory profiles of two Arabica coffee samples i.e. Aceh Gayo wine process and Bali Kintamani honey process. As many as 10 selected, validated and trained student panellists were employed to assess 33 sensory attributes based on Sensory Descriptive Analysis method. Data analysis was performed using Minitab 17. The result has indicated that 22 to 24 sensory attributes were significantly different (α = 0.05) as influenced by different manual brewing techniques, while different coffees with different post-harvest processing created significant effect particularly in the fermented, berry, woody, and sweet notes.
The making of Gynura procumbens powder
Authors: Sari M P , Sinaga H , Lubis L M
Published: April 2020

Gynura procumbens, also known as sambung nyawa is a medicinal plant that belongs to Astereceae family. Many research and studies shows that Gynura procumbens is well known for its bioactive compounds and health benefits. Gynura procumbens leaves are often consumed raw or added in cooking. Gynura procumbens leaves are easily withered and rotten because of its high moisture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make the Gynura procumbens as a powder that can be used and more applied, especially in the production of food and drinks as a form of food diversification and functional food. The making of Gynura procumbens powder consists of sorting, washing, blanching, drying, blending, sieving, packing and sealing, then analysing its moisture, total ash, and crude fibre. The powder was analysed using standard official methods and three replicates. The analysis results of the Gynura procumbens powder were moisture (6.6773%) which is lower than in the fresh leaves (82.4898%), total ash (6.3846%) which is higher than in the fresh leaves (4.3232%), and crude fibre (5.5527%) which is lower than in the fresh leaves (6.4458%).
Making artificial rice from sorghum flour, corn flour and cassava starch by using mini extruder
Authors: Ridwansyah  , Sinaga H , Adiba I F
Published: April 2020

The research was did to introduce how to making artificial rice from composite flour (Sorghum bocolor L. Moench, Zea mays, and Manihot esculenta) by using mini extruder. The research was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design using two steps of processes. The first step is making composite flour based on sorghum flour (with two types of pre-treatment such as hulled sorghum seeds and germinated sorghum seeds), corn flour and cassava starch. Hulled sorghum flour was processed such as being sorted, hulled, cleaned, dried, milled, and sieved. Germinated sorghum flour was made by steps such as being cleaned, sorted, soaked for 72 hours in room temperature, germinated for 36 hours on damp gunny, washed, dried, milled, and sieved. The second step is making artificial rice by using mini extruder. The artificial rice with the hulled sorghum flour has darker colour than the germinated sorghum flour and both of those treatments has the heterogen shapes and was not similar to rice in shape. The artificial rice with germinated sorghum seemed to be more appealing than the artificial rice with hulled sorghum. Mini extruder still need to be improved so that it could give the better results in making artificial rice.
Utilization of orange fleshed sweet potato flour, starch and residual flour in biscuits making
Authors: Harahap E S , Julianti E , Sinaga H
Published: April 2020

Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is one type of sweet potatoes that is in great demand as it has attractive colour, high starch and fibre content, and excellent source of strong antioxidants, provide health beneficial effect. In this study, OFSP was processed into flour, starch, and residual flour from OFSP starch processing and they were used as ingredients for making biscuits to substitute the wheat flour. Ratios of wheat flour: OFSP flour: OFSP starch: residual flour were 85:5:5:5; 70:10:10:10; 55:15:15:15; and 40:20:20:20. The resulting biscuits were analysed for their textural property and sensory quality. The results showed the ratio of wheat flour, OFSP flour, starch and residual flour significantly affected the textural property and quality of sensory biscuits produced. Biscuits with the formula ratio of 55% wheat flour, and 15% OFSP flour, 15% OFSP starch and 15% OFSP residual flour had good textural properties and can also be accepted by consumers.
The analysis of Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) resource utilization level using pure seine fishing gear in West Coast Waters, Sibolga
Authors: Fadhilah A , Juniyanti D , Soemaryono Y , Susetya I E , Dewinta A F
Published: April 2020

Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) is one of the economically important pelagic fish and has a wide distribution to the waters of the Indian Ocean, Sibolga. Utilization of fish resources has provided economic benefits to business people, but to use of resources has external and positive impacts. The exploitation of species has increased throughout the year and is generally caught by pure seine fishing gear. This study aims to determine the status of utilization and allowable catch of Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) in Sibolga City caught using purse seine fishing gear. Secondary data analysis was using the Schaefer model. The level of utilization of Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) resources was over the past 5 years based on purse seine fishing gear with average value of 87.42% and an effort rate of 76.97%. This shows that the condition of the level of resource utilization of Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) is already densely caught. So in this case the results must be optimized by reducing the effort of catching because of that the condition of Krai Tuna (Auxis thazard) resources remain sustainable.
Molting mud crab (Scylla serrata) in the mangrove ecosystem service
Authors: Basyuni M , Indrawan R , Putri L A P , Yusraini E , Lesmana I
Published: April 2020

Mud crabs (Scylla serrata) are one of the coastal fisheries commodities, especially in mangrove forests. This study was proposed to determine mangrove ecosystems service to produce molting of mud crab (S. serrata). This research on mangrove crab molting using a completely randomized design with four levels of treatment, namely ablation, autotomy, ablation + autotomy and control with three replications. The highest growth rate was ablation (molting percentage 80.95%, and 100% survival, growth 12.51%/day) and lowest ablation + autotomy (growth 4.95%/day, molting percentage 19.05%, growth 4.95% of the day). The differences in molting stimulation affect the percentage of molting.
Effect of shading on availability and nutrient balance in soils planted with Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson as cover crop
Authors: Asbur Y , Purwaningrum Y , Mindalisma
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to examine the role of A. gangetica as cover crops in increasing the availability and nutrient content of N, P, K in the soil on the nutrient balance under with shade and without shade conditions. The experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, UISU, Gedung Johor Medan, Indonesia from February 2018 to June 2018. The research method is a non-factorial randomized block design with shading as treatment and six replications. Treatment consists of without shade and with shade 50%. A. gangetica was planted using stem cuttings measuring 15 cm or two segments with a spacing 20 cm x 20 cm and on a plot size of 2 m x 2 m. The shade is paranet 50%. Urea is given at a dose of 150 kg/ha. The results showed that A. gangetica as a cover crop, both in conditions without shade and with shade 50%, was able to increase the available N, P, K soil based on the nutrient balance, namely 16.25%, 86.33%, and 426.99% respectively in treatments without shade, and 13.10%, 171.06%, and 560.43% respectively in shade 50% treatment.
Effect of sound treatment on phosphate solubilizing microbial activity
Authors: Munar A , Sembiring M , Tantawi A R , Sabrina T
Published: April 2020

Many soils have the problem of high phosphate retention values (> 85%) thus P is not available for plants. The activity of phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) is able to facilitate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. The ability of each microbe to dissolve inorganic phosphate varies and depends on the type of microbe and the microbial growth factors. In nature, almost all forms of life are surrounded by various types of sounds and they also interact with these sounds. Previous research found that the soil that had been applied with the murottal Al-Qur’an sound for 2 hours per day for 7 days increased the total population of soil microbes 23.08% more than without applying murottal sound. This research was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara from April to August 2019. This treatment was sounds on 9 rhizosphere of corn, were put into the box. The sounds were treat every morning during 2 hours at 08.00 -10.00 o’clock and compared with 9 rhizosphere of corn was not treated with sounds. The result showed that sound treatment affected the growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes and all microbes that were not pathogenic to plans.
Effects of type of biochar and dolomite – coffee compost application on characteristic of soybean germination
Authors: Zamriyetti  , Mayly S , Mufriah D
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine the effects from biochar types application and dolomite-coffee compost application on characteristic of soybean germination. This study used factorial randomized design with two factors and two replications. The biochar types application that were applied were no biochar, rice husk biochar, rice straw biochar. Second factor was dolomite-coffee compost application such as control, dolomite 500 kg/ha, coffee compost 10 ton/ha, dolomite 500 kg/ha + coffee compost 10 ton/ha. The parameters observed in this research were root length, shoot length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight. Result of study indicated that rice straw biochar had the highest value of soybean germination like shoot length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight compared with other biochar types application. The highest value of root volume and root dry weight were found from dolomite application. Combination rice straw biochar with dolomite application showed the highest value of soybean germination.
The Risk of the Development of Non-Carcinogenic Effects from Exposure to Chemicals that Pollute the Atmospheric Air for the Health of Adolescents in an Urbanized Areas (Using the Example of Kazan)
Authors: Valeeva E R , Ismagilova C A , Ziyatdinova A I , Semanov D A
Published: April 2020

Assessment of risk for adolescents due to atmospheric air pollution showed that the highest contribution to the total value of HI on inhalation route of entry was made by the suspended particulate matters PM2.5and the spread of values in the districts was from 15.03 % to 18.68 %. 12.02% - 20.95%; carbon (soot) – (11.54% - 18.68%) and formaldehyde (4.88% - 9.47%) ranked second. An alarming level of risk for adolescents was identified in 1 (HI = 3.04) and 2 (HI = 3.23) zones of the city. The risk of diseases of the blood ranked second in general toxic action of chemicals. The total risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects in adolescents on entry of chemicals with atmospheric air corresponded to average level. The substances contributing the main percentage share to the risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects are carbon (soot), suspended particulate matters (PM10and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide, and formaldehyde
Invariant to Observation Conditions, the Algorithm for Processing Spatially Distributed Data from a Monitoring Network Consisting of Three Sensors
Authors: Chernetsova E , Burlov V , Shishkin A
Published: April 2020

A multi-sensory environmental monitoring system is being considered, in which pollution data is transmitted via radio from three sensors. It is assumed that the centralized processing of information at the point of observation and control in order to detect a signal indicating the presence of contamination. The proposed processing algorithm is invariant to any transformations of data coming from sensors. It keeps the property of the data to be equally or differently distributed. Such transformations are any non-monotonic functions of the original observations. It is shown that with respect to these transformations, the maximum invariant statistics is the set of ranks of quantities taken as elements of a single sample. The developed detection algorithm has a sufficiently high resistance to observation conditions, since it retains its working capacity when the observation conditions are non-stationary. The algorithm is also invariant to the law of fluctuations of the pollution signal and its location among the last two observed sites and provides a constant probability of false alarm in any (a priori unknown) noise distribution.
Interdisciplinary Model of Subsoil Use System
Authors: Belov V V , Lebedev Yu V , Gorbunov A V
Published: April 2020

The difficult environmental, economic, social and political situations require a deep analysis of interdisciplinary connections in industrial areas. The “system of subsoil use” is a set of mined subsoil areas characterized by geological, geomechanical and aerogasdynamic processes, and industrial production, connected to the civil society and the natural environment by the flows of energy, substance, and information. The flows of biogenic elements in the areas of subsoil use change in the direction of increasing the physical flows of the bio-elements carrying (into the World Ocean) the biological product flows. Energy flows in the areas of subsoil use, that are present in the form of net primary production of the biosphere, radically change in the direction of increasing the anthropogenic (man-made) channel to 8-12%. Environmental information flows in subsoil use areas contain data about whether the environmental conditions are suitable for the biotic regulation. The originality of the “system of subsoil use” concept lies in taking into account the energy, substance, and information flows distribution between the system components and the possibility of an objective analysis of the system effectiveness and its compliance with the concept of sustainable development of industrial areas.
Modelling of the Transport–Technological Process of Delivery of Wood Raw Materials under the Conditions of Uncertainty
Authors: Enaleeva – Bandura I M , Nikonchuk A V , Chernykh R A
Published: April 2020

This article considers the most well-known existing methods of modeling of the transportation process under the conditions of uncertainty, describes the analysis of specified methods of optimization of the transport–technological process. The modern stage of development of the market economy requires new approaches to the transportation of wood raw materials for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of the transport-technological process. In this regard, the problems related to transport logistics appear to be particularly topical. The subject of transport logistics is a set of planning and management problems associated with the transportation of wood freights by different kinds and types of transport, namely: ensuring technical and technological connectivity between participants involved in the transport process, coordinating their economic interests; ensuring technological uniformity of transport and warehousing facilities; collaborative planning of manufacturing, transport and warehousing processes; selecting kinds of vehicles (Vs); selecting types of Vs; determining rational routes; selecting carriers and forwarding agents. This set of specified problems lies within the general scheme of transport logistics problems. A traditional transport problem may be stated in all cases when it is necessary to determine a scheme of transportation of some wood freight (freights) from one destination to another, to find the most reasonable way (route) of transportation, to select a type of vehicles and determine the time of performance of this operation, but each of the mentioned cases is associated with a certain statement of a transport problem. At the same time, we use the assumption that the cost of transportation of a wood product along any route is proportional to its volume. In practice, however, this assumption does not frequently come to fruition. A problem becomes more complicated if, when it is stated, it is necessary to consider that the cost of transportation depends not only on the pair "supplier–consumer", but also on the characteristics of a freight to be transported, a type of vehicles to be used, etc. It also should be noted that the practice of supply chains: rarely uses only one type of vehicles; as a rule, the transportation process involves two or more types of transport; in addition to dynamic factors, the transport-technological process is also affected by uncertainty factors. Thus, the search for new solutions by developing mathematical models suitable to realities on the basis of a logistic approach, with the uncertainty of input parameters taken into account, appears to be a topical scientific problem.
The Conceptual Bases of the Scientific Direction “Technosphere Safety”
Authors: Aladyshkin I V , Kulik S V , Efremov S V
Published: April 2020

The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the conceptual foundation of the research area “Technosphere Safety”. It analyzes the conditions under which the ideas were formed in the Soviet past and the circumstances of their convergence with the field investigating the issues of hazards and threats. The authors conclude that the current situation in exploring the problems of safety relates to concrete historic dependence of renovation processes taking place in the post-Soviet scientific space. The evolution of the system of scientific knowledge connected with the integral research area called Life Safety (LS) is studied separately. This study shows that the conceptual grounds of the research area “Technosphere Safety” lie at the confluence of diverse trends and attitudes towards technical reality, qualitative rethinking of the nature of hazards and risks of technogenic society, and some attempts to renovate the system of training safety experts. This combination has brought about many contradictions and problems in today’s condition of the theoretical foundation of technosphere safety issue
Metrics for Marine Traffic Safety Estimation with Respect to Data of Automatic Identification System
Authors: Grinyak V M , Devyatisilnyi A S , Ivanenko Y S
Published: April 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of ensuring navigation safety on the sea. The task of determining patterns of motion parameters (clustering) in a multidimensional phase space (coordinates, velocity, course, etc.) is considered. It is proposed to refer to the retrospective data on the movement of vessels provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and available on open Internet resources. One of the results of solving a general problem is the idea of the intensity of movement in the water area. The paper introduces a set of traffic intensity metrics based on the number and trajectory properties of vessels passing through certain water area.
The Ceramic Dust Utilization at the Asphalt Mix Production
Authors: Himich T S , Matveev S A
Published: April 2020

The possibility of using industrial waste - ceramic dust in the production of asphalt concrete is considered. The characteristics of ceramic dust and building sand are compared. The analysis of the physicomechanical characteristics of the asphalt concrete mix is made. This mixture has a different content of ceramic dust (10%, 30%, 50%) of the amount of building sand. The samples made from this mixture were tested in a certified building laboratory. It is shown that the use of ceramic dust in the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture as a filler does not significantly change either the structure or the physical and mechanical properties of the latter. The possibility of using in construction practice asphalt concrete with a 50% replacement of sand with ceramic dust is proved.
Peculiarities of the Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Organs of the Pacific Redfin
Authors: Marchenko A L
Published: April 2020

This article presents data on the levels of Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd in the organs and tissues of the Pacific Redfin. For each metal, rows of its distribution within the organs of Pacific Redfin were built. An attempt was made to determine the nature of the accumulation of metals in the organs and tissues of fish, driven by the ecology and biology of the species.
Some Aspects to Develop Method for Determining the Open Porosity of Ultralow-Permeability Rocks on Crushed Core
Authors: Gorshkov A M , Khomyakov I S , Mazurova A S
Published: April 2020

Laboratory studies of shale formations face serious challenges, one of which is the development of methods to determine the porosity of ultralow-permeability rocks. As the object of study, more than 100 ultra-permeability different lithological composition core samples of the Bazhenov Formation were used. The paper presents the results of determining the open porosity of ultralow-permeability rocks of the Bazhenov Formation using two methods adapted for crushed core. This is a gas-volumetric method and a modified liquid saturation method. The paper shows the legitimacy of using the proposed methods to determine open porosity in sandstones by comparing the results on cylindrical samples and on crushed core. According to the results of the study, a methodology to determine the bulk density and grain density of ultralow-permeability rocks of the Bazhenov Formation was been completed. Also, a systematic error in determining the open porosity of ultralow-permeability rocks of the Bazhenov Formation by the standard method on plugs was also shown.
Assessment of the Impact on Natural Resources Associated with Oil and Gas Production in the Lena-Tunguska Oil and Gas Province
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Timofeeva S S
Published: April 2020

Oil has become an integral part of our world, if we look around and think about it, we will see familiar objects made thanks to this wonderful natural hydrocarbon. Now everyone is used to criticizing oil and everything connected with it, but let us look at it in a new way. Oil and natural gas are familiarly associated with fuel, but this is only a small part of what they are capable of: glue, plastic, polymeric materials, fabrics, varnishes, cosmetic and medical materials. Indeed, it has become an indispensable material. Let us consider the environmental impact associated with the extraction of this wonderful and irreplaceable material. Nevertheless, oil and gas production inflicts enormous damage on the ecological situation in the regions of oil and gas provinces. To extract “black gold” one has to go a long way that sometimes lasts for decades, the process of field exploration and development is very cost intensive. New technologies in exploration help enterprises reduce costs, but still these stages remain expensive. Enterprises try to minimize their costs and expenses at all stages. In this paper, we will consider the consumption of water resources and the total loss of aquatic biological resources of four fields in the Lena-Tunguska oil and gas province: the Yarakta, Iktekh, Markovo and Dulisma fields. The assessment was carried out at the stage of the construction and development of the fields.
Application of the Scanning Calorimetry Method to Determine the Specific Heat Capacity of Soils
Authors: Timofeev A M , Kravtsova O N , Tappyrova N I
Published: April 2020

The specific heat is an important characteristic of soils at their application as the bases of buildings and engineering structures. The article presents the experimental data on specific heat of the Amginsky deposits clay soil in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the range from sorption humidity to upper limit of plasticity obtained by the differential scanning calorimetry Sensys Evo TG-DSC. The specific heat measurements were carried out on samples of clay soil taken directly from the deposit and samples of the same soil, but previously cleaned of impurities. It is established that for clay soil the dependence of the specific heat capacity on humidity is not monotonous but has a maximum
Modern Methods and Tools for Determining Drillability and Blastability of Rocks
Authors: Kosolapov A I
Published: April 2020

Often in practice, the coefficients of Protodyakonov scale of hardness f are not established based on objective measurements that are very laborious, but by visual degree and rock family type, which naturally significantly reduces the accuracy of calculations.

In this regard, it is proposed to obtain information on the physical-mechanical properties of rocks directly from rigs during drilling, based on the energy characteristics of this process; its main characteristic is the specific drilling energy, i.e., the energy required to destroy a unit of rock during drilling.

For a quantitative assessment of the rock strength as resistance to mining - technological destruction - prof. M.M. Protodyakonov [2] proposed the coefficient of hardness f, in the first approximation, it is proportional to the rock break-down point under compressive load. The scale of hardness was developed, according to which all rocks are divided into ten categories. Many post-Soviet engineers use this coefficient. Since the coefficient of hardness mainly reflects only fracturing under compressive loads, and in real conditions tensile and shearing forces are often used, it becomes necessary to introduce other indicators to assess the properties of rocks.
Temperature Monitoring in Geological Wells of the Upper Layers of Quaternary Deposits of the Central Part of the West Siberian Plain
Authors: Korkin S E
Published: April 2020

The present research is based on recording method of soil temperature surveys and underlying quaternary deposits. All surveys were conducted over two key areas as follows: first area is located within the boundaries of Northern taiga landscapes of Western Siberia (Siberian ridges - thermal wells 1, 2, 3 и 8); the second area belongs to middle-taiga landscapes of Western Siberia (Sredneobskaya lowland – thermal wells 4, 5, 5a, 6, 7). All temperature data obtained within the boundaries of key areas was measured by thermal logger DS1921G-F5 for the depths within range of 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 1 m and by another thermal logger DS1921Z-F5 for the depths within range of 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 8 m. The average annual temperature of years 2015-2016 observation period of thermal well 5a (technogenic site) is 8,3 °C for the whole range of depths and considered to be higher by 3,8 °C then average annual temperature recordings of thermal well 5 and, at the same time, considered to be higher by 4,2 °C then recordings of thermal well 6, which belongs to natural bog landscape. The abovementioned data was confirmed by recordings of years 2015-2016 with the difference of 4,8 °C for thermal well 5 and 3,7 °C for thermal well 6. A slightly higher temperature was indicated for the soils underlying anthropogenic objects in correlation to natural, not induced by man-made impact biogenic soils and this fact affects natural processes. The results of the present research indicates that the most warm soils are illuvial-ferrugenous. This type of soil warms up quite well at the top portion of the profile (horizons O, E) and stating from the depth of 40 cm the temperature goes down to 0 °C. Black dirt oligotrophic soils are having good warming up abilities. It can keep and increase positive temperature with increasing depth. A slight temperature decrees refers to level of paludal-lacustrine basin of 30–40 cm.. are having good warming up abilities and can keep positive temperature at depth. Alluvial soddy soils of the first key area (floodplain of the Gluboky Sabun River) are considered to be the coldest soils based on the results of the conducted observations. The annual average temperature in this type of soil for the time period of years 2010 to 2017 is about1,2 °C.
City Soil Ranking According to the Level of Pollution: Approach Based on the Health Risk Assessment of the Child Population
Authors: Stepanova N V , Fomina S F , Arkhipova N S
Published: April 2020

Assessment of soil pollution with chemicals in certain districts (zones) of the city of Kazan was performed according to the data of the social-hygienic monitoring of the FBHI “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Republics of Tatarstan” for the period of 2010 -2016. The indices of complex assessment of soil pollution with heavy metals (HM) and oil products in the zones under study did not exceed the established regulations. The results showed uneven distribution of pollutants on the territory of the city zones. The 3-rd zone (the Vakhitovsky district) is different, there the major contribution to the total risk level is made by lead (Pb) – 51.4%, cadmium (Cd) - 36.9%, mercury (Hg) – 3.53%, oil products, and copper (Cu) – 2.6%. The level of non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the child population aged 3-6 years old with application of regional exposure factors (THI 1.0 and less) corresponds to the target risk level. The maximum contribution to THI is caused by the dermal route of the oil products’ entry (from 94.0 to 98.9 %). Ranking of the city territory according to the total hazard quotient with the account of all routes of the chemicals’ entry identified two zones ranking first in the risk level: the 2-nd zone (the Sovetsky district) and the 3-rd zone (the Vakhitovsky district). The results indicate the necessity of revising the approaches to assessment of possible health risks associated with oil hydrocarbons on the basis of new scientific data.
Recovery Throughput of Technological Pipelines and Useful Volume of Tanks for a Long Time Operated Pump Stations
Authors: Bezymyannikov T I , Karimov R M , Tashbulatov R R
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the problems of cleaning technological pipelines and tanks to restore the capacity and useful volume capacity of oil pumping stations. The world experience of using chemical reagents for cleaning oil pipelines from asphalt-resinous paraffin deposits is considered, the disadvantages and advantages of the method are determined taking into account the restrictions that exist at the facilities of the main oil pipeline transport. The analysis of the results of experimental laboratory studies and pilot tests of the chemical washing technology at the existing facilities of Transneft PJSC is presented. Recommendations are given on improving the technology to reduce the consumption of chemicals and time costs. Particular attention is paid to the shortcomings and features of the use of hydrocarbon solvents for cleaning technological lines from pipes of small diameter and large tanks. The expediency of an additional physical effect is substantiated to increase the efficiency and rate of destruction and removal of hard-to-remove deposits, for which the use of ultrasonic resonators providing flow homogenization and dispersion is proposed.
Thermo-oxidative Reactivation of Active Coal Used in Streptomycin Production
Authors: Simkin Y Y , Lemeshevsky A I , Karnaukhova E V
Published: April 2020

The spent active coal of streptomycin production contains on its surface the remains of inorganic acids, organic-originated alcohols and waste products, spores, mycelium of Streptomyces griseus, which after entering the environment with wastewater cause a significant harm to it. The recycling of that coal and its reuse betters the economics of production and prevents harmful impurities from entering the environment together with that coal. Here it is demonstrated that thermal heating up to 300 °C allows to increase the adsorption activity according to methylene blue test and pH of aqueous extract of recycled sorbents close to the regulatory values, which raises the possibility of their re-use in the production of streptomycin. The raise of temperature more than 300 °C leads to decomposition of high-molecular organic substances on the surface of a coal with subsequent formation of a carbon film which covers the adsorbing pores and worsens the adsorption properties of active coal. After treatment with water vapor at a temperature of 800 °C the characteristics of the active coal meet the regulatory requirements of streptomycin production. Rational way to dispose an active coal which lost its recyclability is a burning at temperatures more than 800 °C. This completely neutralizes all the harmful impurities.
Formation of Tactical Urbanism by Means of Street Art as the Design-Method
Authors: Alekseevaa I V , Koltsova H A , Skovorodnikova N A
Published: April 2020

The authors of the article reveal the concept of street art from the position of tactical urbanism. In the context of this study, the main characteristics of the tactical urbanism of urban space are identified, as well as the possibilities of street art within the framework of this modern trend of changing the environment of the city in accordance with the needs of its inhabitants. The purpose of this article is to justify street art as a design method in the composition of the means of tactical urbanism and its application in the conversion of urban space. The authors applied the following scientific research methods: a historical analysis of the emergence and development of street art as an artistic structure of urban objects; the method of colour analysis of street art as a design element of the tactical urban structure of urban space; empirical method of studying tactical urbanism by observation, surveys of residents, a full-scale survey of the city. The applied significance of the study lies in the development of design tools for harmonizing the space of an urbanized environment based on colour modelling using the means of street art as an element in the structure of tactical urbanism methods.
Veined Bodies of Kharbey Area in Polar Urals
Authors: Georgievskiy A F , Bugina V M
Published: April 2020

The steady increase in the price of gold in the world market causes increased interest of domestic and foreign investors not only in the traditional and long-known gold-bearing regions of Russia, but also in new territories where valuation works for gold have been actively carried out recently. One of such territories in the Polar Urals is the Riphean-Ordovician folded frame of the Precambrian Kharbey crystalline massif located in the Sakmar-Lemvinsky structural and facial zone within the river basins Grand Paypudyna river and Kharbey river. The gold mineralisation of Kharbey area and its ampelshorskaya zone is associated with the development of the black shists formation, with the stratiform type of gold mineralization characteristic. Another important feature of this area is the massive development of heterogeneous mineral veins, some of which may be gold-bearing.