bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traffic Performance of U-Turn Effects at Median Opening on Four-Lane Divided of Urban Street (Study Case: Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Romadhona Prima J. , Bachnas  , Nurkumala Lantika
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this study was to determine trafficperformance at a median opening on the urban street. In order to achievethe research purpose, data were obtained at four U-turn locations insequence at Gejayan area of Yogyakarta. By using VISSIM software, itanalyzed traffic delay, queue length, and average travel speed on theexisting condition then suggested the solution to improve the performance. This research showed that the longest queue length was around 200 m andthe delay was almost 25 s. The result suggested that U-turn location withbad performance should be omitted. Reducing the number of U-turnlocations will improve more than 50% of the traffic performance in theurban street. In addition, 100 m should be the minimum distance among Uturnsto maintain the traffic performance.
Decentralized wastewater treatment performance evaluation based on chemical and physical parameters at Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahmawati Suphia , Yulianto Andik , Wijayaningrat Ahmad Traju Pangentas
Published: May 2019

Communal wastewater treatment plant (CWWTP) has been chosen as one system to treat domestic wastewater due to simple technology, flexible management, and cost-effectiveness. There are 376 CWWTP have been recorded by Environmental Agency of Yogyakarta (DLH DIY) that spread in five regencies. Monitoring results on CWWTP effluent showed that some physical and chemical parameters did not meet the domestic wastewater standard. Therefore, evaluation of removal efficiency in terms physical and chemical parameters are necessary. The samples were collected from nine CWWTP in Banguntapan, Bantul and Gamping sub-districts. The physical and chemicals parameters (pH, TSS, BOD, COD, Ammonia, oil, and grease) of influent and effluent from CWWTP are analyzed based on National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) for domestic wastewater. The results show that BOD (>70%) and TSS (>50%) have better removal effectiveness compare with COD, ammonia, oil, and grease (40%). Overall, CWWTP in Banguntapan subdistrict has better performance compare with CWWTP in Bantul subdistrict.
Interlayer-free Silica-carbon Template Membranes from Pectin and P123 for Water Desalination
Authors: Syauqiyah Isna , Elma Muthia , Putra Meilana D. , Rahma Aulia , Pratiwi Amalia E. , Rampun Erdina L. A.
Published: May 2019

For the first time the interlayer-free silica-carbon templatesmembrane has been successfully fabricated employed pectin as carbonsource. This membrane was compared to interlayer-free silica-P123membrane that were fabricated via Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). Theaim of this work is to investigate the performance of interlayer-free silicapectinand silica-P123 membranes. Sol-gel process has been utilised toproduce silica thin film using TEOS as precursor, EtOH, HNO3 and NH3 with two-step acid-based catalyst (50 °C, 3 hours). Pectin and P123 weretemplated into silica sols. Subsequently, the alumina tubular supportmembranes were dip-coated into these sols and calcined at 400 °C (pectin)and 350 °C (P123), respectively with 4 layers each membrane. Theinterlayer-free silica-pectin shows excellent water flux (5.73 kg m-2 h-1) incomparison to interlayer-free silica-P123 (1.449 kg m-2 h-1). Both silicapectinand silica-P123 membranes show very good salt rejection (>99%). The performance of silica-pectin membrane is much better than silica-P123membrane (~4 times higher). It is influenced by the length of carbonschains where carbon chains of pectin is much lower than P123. Due to that, P123 connected to silica networks create dense film of membrane andreduce the membranes performance.
Analysis of fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam as a construction material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Prasetia Irfan , Rizani M. Fahmi
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, PLTU Asam-Asam produced enormous amounts of combustion waste in the form of coal ash. On the contrary, only a little effort has been made to utilize coal ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, especially from the research side. In fact, due to its siliceous material, when reacting with CH in concrete, will form CSH hence improves concrete strength. In this study, in order to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, 54 concrete samples were prepared according to SNI-03-2834-2000. The examination of concrete samples workability was conducted based on the slump test according to SNI 1972:2008. Moreover, the compressive tests were carried out in accordance with SNI 1974:2011. The slump test results show that the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash contributes to the improvement of concrete workability. Furthermore, the variation in w/b ratio was also affecting the results of the slump test. As for the compressive strength, in general speaking, the replacement ratio of 30% of cement with fly ash in concrete could produce concrete strength up to 30 Mpa. It is also important to note that due to the pozzolanic reactions tends to delayed, it is expected that at later ages (above 28 days) concrete with fly ash will gain much more strength compared to ordinary concrete.
On Contribution of Construction Waste to Late Project Completion: An Approach based on Consensus Measurement among Construction Professionals
Authors: Mursadin Aqli
Published: May 2019

As an important indicator of poor project performance, late project completion is a result of delay. While delay itself is caused by numerous factors, their effects that eventually lead to late project completion are realized as waste in term of time. This research investigates how construction professionals agree on what contribute to late project completion based on construction waste. The result should help provide insight into how different types of construction waste affect project performance. For this purpose, respondents consisting of construction professionals in South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan Provinces were invited to a questionnaire-based survey. They were asked seven questions, each regarding whether a particular type of waste contributes to late project completion. Gwet’s gamma coefficient was used to perform a consensus analysis of the answers. A consensus was reached that five out of seven types of waste contribute to late project completion. They include waiting, transport, extra processing, motion, and defects. Implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are recommended.
Treatment of tongue dysfunction: rehabilitation for prescribers’ practice
Authors: Gil H. , Fougeront N.
Published: May 2019

Immature tongue function so-called “tongue-thrust or infantile and teeth apart swallow” and its rehabilitation involves multiple specialities in dentistry (pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, management of temporomandibular disorders, periodontics,…). Fifty years ago Mrs Fournier described a tongue rehabilitation technique. Given the difficulty to find a physiotherapist able to practice such a therapeutic, the aim of this article is to describe this therapeutic so that non-physiotherapists practitioners be able to initiate it and to teach it to their patients, at least for simple cases. It includes corrections of tongue immaturity, tongue resting position, deglutition and phonation. These changes might involve adaptive cortical neuroplasticity. Indeed these last years it has been shown in humans that standardised and calibrated tongue lift or protrusion exercises induce such plasticity in the tongue motor cortex.
CD31-positive microvessel density within adenomas of Lynch Syndrome patients is similar compared to adenomas of non-Lynch patients
Authors: Vleugels Jasper , van Neerven Sanne , van Leerdam Monique , Wanders Linda , de Wit Meike , Carvalho Beatriz , Delis-van Diemen Pien , Kallenberg Frank , Vermeulen Louis , Beliën Jeroen , East James , Meijer Gerrit , Dekker Evelien
Published: May 2019

Background and study aims Microsatellite instability accelerates colorectal cancer development in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). Previous research showed that virtual chromoendoscopy increases detection of adenomas during colonoscopy surveillance of patients with LS. Because previous research revealed that Lynch patients have an increased vascular network in the oral mucosa, we hypothesized that increased vascularization of LS-associated adenomas is the cause of better detection with virtual chromoendoscopy.

Patients and methods In this pilot study, patients with LS having a proven germline mutation were selected from two tertiary referral hospitals and non-LS patients from an outpatient colonoscopy center. Adenomas from patients with LS were exactly matched in size and histology with adenomas from non-LS patients. Initial adenoma diagnosis was confirmed by a specialist pathologist. All adenomas were stained with CD31 and adenomatous tissue was annotated by the specialist pathologist. Image analysis of CD31-positive microvessel density was conducted using FIJI software.

Results Colonoscopy of 63 patients with LS and 24 non-LS patients provided 40 adenomas that could be exactly matched in size and histology. In image-analysis, the CD31-positive microvessel density (2.49 % vs. 2.47 %, P = 0.96), the average size of CD31-positive structures (514 μm2 vs. 523 μm2, P = 0.26) nor the amount of vascular structures per mm2 (183 vs. 176, P = 0.50) differed between adenomas of LS patients and non-Lynch patients.

Conclusion The outcomes of this pilot case-control study did not provide further insights into the mechanism of increased adenoma detection in LS patients using virtual chromoendoscopy techniques.
Positionspapier der chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre für die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie zum „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“
Authors: Adili Farzin , Dahmen Uta , Heinemann Markus K. , Kadmon Martina , Kauffels-Sprenger Anne , König Sarah , Meder Adrian , Obertacke Udo , Schwanitz von Keitz Paul , Stefanescu Christina , Sterz Jasmina , Rüsseler Miriam
Published: May 2019

Der „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ der Bundesregierung darf in der Chirurgie keinesfalls als „beiläufiges Werk unter Vielen“ unterschätzt werden. Daher nimmt die chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre (CAL) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGCH) in ihrem Positionspapier zu den geplanten Maßnahmen im „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ Stellung und diskutiert die Herausforderungen, Konsequenzen und Aufgaben, vor die der „Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020“ die Fachvertreter der chirurgischen Fachgesellschaften und die in der Lehre engagierten Chirurgen stellt.
Zusammenhang von arbeitsbezogenen psychischen Beanspruchungsfolgen mit subjektiver Schlafqualität und individueller Tagesschläfrigkeit
Authors: Schierholz Robin Sebastian , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina
Published: May 2019

Einleitung Psychische Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz bergen ein hohes Gefährdungspotenzial für Gesundheit und Lebensqualität. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Beanspruchungsfolgen psychischer Belastung und subjektiver Schlafqualität sowie individueller Tagesschläfrigkeit zu untersuchen.

Methoden Es wurde eine Querschnittsuntersuchung an 84 einbezogenen Probanden durchgeführt. Arbeitsbezogene Beanspruchungsfolgen wurden mit den 3 Skalen Kognitive Irritation (KI), Emotionale Irritation (EI) und Gesamtindex (GI) der Irritations-Skala zur Erfassung arbeitsbezogener Beanspruchungsfolgen (IS), Schlafqualität mit dem Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) und Tagesschläfrigkeit mit der Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich der erfassten soziodemografischen und medizinischen Daten unterschieden sich die Probanden mit guter nicht von den Probanden mit schlechter Schlafqualität. In allen 3 Skalen der IS und in der ESS erreichten die schlechten Schläfer ungünstig höhere Werte als die guten Schläfer, wobei der Unterschied in Bezug auf die ESS nicht signifikant war. Höhere Punktzahlen in allen 3 Skalen der IS korrelierten mit höheren Werten im PSQI, jedoch lediglich höhere Punktzahlen in der EI aus der IS auch mit höheren Punktzahlen in der ESS.

Diskussion Arbeitsbezogene Beanspruchungsfolgen und subjektive Schlafqualität stehen in einer Wechselbeziehung, der in der heutigen Arbeitswelt eine wichtige Bedeutung zukommt. Wichtige Gesichtspunkte sind hierbei berufliche Unsicherheit und ständige Erreichbarkeit.
Rekonstruktive Mikrochirurgie des sekundären Lymphödems: Konsensus der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) zur Indikation, Diagnostik und Therapie mittels Lymphovenöser Anastomosen (LVA) und vaskularisierter Lymphknotentransplantation (VLKT)
Authors: Hirche Christoph , Engel Holger , Seidenstuecker Katrin , Taeger Christian , Machens Hans-Günther , Frick Andreas , Harder Yves
Published: May 2019

Das sekundäre Lymphödem ist eine komplexe Erkrankung, die durch chronische Inflammation und reduzierte Immunkompetenz, Ansammlung von Lymphflüssigkeit und Proteinablagerungen sowie sekundärer Fettablagerung und Fibrosierung bei der Stadienmigration charakterisiert ist. Während die Domäne der Behandlung immer noch eine lebenslange komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie (KPE) ist, wird der Fokus auf chirurgische Verfahren zur physiologischen Rekonstruktion gesetzt. Die lymphovenösen Anastomosen (LVA) und die freie, vaskularisierte Lymphknotentransplantation (VLKT) sind die am verbreitetsten angewendeten, rekonstruktiven Techniken, die die Wiederherstellung oder Verbesserung der physiologischen Lymphtransportkapzität adressieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die Empfehlungen eines Expertenpanels zur Diagnostik, Indikation und Therapie von LVA und VLKT bei sekundären Lymphödemen während der 40. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) in Lugano, Schweiz, zusammen und diskutiert sie. Das Expertengremium befasste sich mit der Diagnostik für die lymphorekonstruktive Chirurgie, einschließlich der essentiellen Anwendung der Fluoreszenz-Lymphangiographie mit Indocyaningrün (ICG) und der intraoperativen Navigation für beide Techniken sowie dem „reverse mapping“, um die Rate des Hebestellen-Lymphödems nach VLKT zu reduzieren, sowie die Verwendung von Lymphödem-spezifischen Fragebögen zur Lebensqualität. Sowohl LVA als auch VLKT werden einschließlich Tipps und Tricks zur Identifizierung funktioneller Lymphkollektoren, Ausrüstung, Anastomosenarten und Dokumentation für LVA sowie Auswahl der Spender- und Empfängerstelle, Anzahl der inkludierten Lymphknoten und Herangehensweise an spezifische Spenderstellen, wie z. B. jejunal-mesenterial für den VLKT, beschrieben. Die synchrone und sequentielle Anwendung von LVA, VLKT und/oder ablativer Liposuktion wird vor dem Hintergrund der Wirksamkeit und Morbidität diskutiert. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zur postoperativen Behandlung und Diagnostik erörtert. Die vorliegende Konsensusarbeit adressiert eine Erhöhung des Standardisierungsgrades der Behandlung für weitere multizentrische Studien im deutschsprachigen Raum in diesem aufstrebenden Gebiet der Lymphödemtherapie.
Internetforen für Patienten mit Prostatakrebs
Authors: Huber Johannes , Thomas Christian , Karschuck Philipp , Muck Tanja , Maatz Philipp , Enders Paul , Maatouk Imad , Ihrig Andreas
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Internetforen sind onlinegestützte Diskussionsrunden, in denen Nutzer untereinander Erfahrungen, Ratschläge und Informationen austauschen. Der Bundesverband Prostatakrebs Selbsthilfe e. V. (BPS) betreibt das größte deutschsprachige Internetforum für Prostatakrebs-Betroffene.

Material und Methoden Mehrere Aspekte des BPS-Forums wurden untersucht: Inhaltsanalyse, Sprachgebrauch und Umgang miteinander, Einfluss auf die Therapieentscheidung, Vergleich mit klassischen Selbsthilfegruppen und die Nutzung durch Angehörige und Freunde.

Ergebnisse Im Internetforum herrscht ein tentativer Kommunikationsstil mit reservierten Sprachmerkmalen vor. Neben dem Informationsaustausch scheint eine emotionale Unterstützung vielen Nutzern sehr willkommen zu sein und stellt einen wesentlichen Teil des Austausches dar. Die Nutzung des Internetforums führt bei 29 % der Patienten zu einer Veränderung der initialen Therapieentscheidung. Im Vergleich mit der Allgemeinbevölkerung fanden wir unter den Nutzern 2- bis 3-mal so hohe Raten an mit Angst und Depression belasteten Patienten. Im Vergleich zu den Patienten selbst zeigen insbesondere Familienmitglieder höhere Werte für Angst und Depression und beschrieben eine höhere Rate an metastasierenden Erkrankungen bei den ihnen bekannten Patienten. Nutzer des Internetforums waren jünger, hatten ein höheres Bildungsniveau und ein höheres Einkommen als Teilnehmer an klassischen Selbsthilfegruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Internetforen werden von ihren Nutzern positiv bewertet und tragen zur Informationssammlung und zur emotionalen Unterstützung bei. Sie haben wahrscheinlich einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die primäre Behandlungsentscheidung und gestalten so die Versorgungswirklichkeit bei Prostatakarzinompatienten aktiv mit.
Development and Prospective Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Risk of Readmission Model in a Large Military Hospital
Authors: Eckert Carly , Nieves-Robbins Neris , Spieker Elena , Louwers Tom , Hazel David , Marquardt James , Solveson Keith , Zahid Anam , Ahmad Muhammad , Barnhill Richard , McKelvey T. , Marshall Robert , Shry Eric , Teredesai Ankur
Published: May 2019

Background Thirty-day hospital readmissions are a quality metric for health care systems. Predictive models aim to identify patients likely to readmit to more effectively target preventive strategies. Many risk of readmission models have been developed on retrospective data, but prospective validation of readmission models is rare. To the best of our knowledge, none of these developed models have been evaluated or prospectively validated in a military hospital.

Objectives The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the development and prospective validation of machine learning (ML) risk of readmission models to be utilized by clinical staff at a military medical facility and demonstrate the collaboration between the U.S. Department of Defense's integrated health care system and a private company.

Methods We evaluated multiple ML algorithms to develop a predictive model for 30-day readmissions using data from a retrospective cohort of all-cause inpatient readmissions at Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC). This predictive model was then validated on prospective MAMC patient data. Precision, recall, accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate model performance. The model was revised, retrained, and rescored on additional retrospective MAMC data after the prospective model's initial performance was evaluated.

Results Within the initial retrospective cohort, which included 32,659 patient encounters, the model achieved an AUC of 0.68. During prospective scoring, 1,574 patients were scored, of whom 152 were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with an all-cause readmission rate of 9.7%. The AUC of the prospective predictive model was 0.64. The model achieved an AUC of 0.76 after revision and addition of further retrospective data.

Conclusion This work reflects significant collaborative efforts required to operationalize ML models in a complex clinical environment such as that seen in an integrated health care system and the importance of prospective model validation.
Latissimus Denervation: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Lopez Christopher D. , Kraenzlin Franca , Frost Christopher , Darrach Halley , Aravind Pathik , Sacks Justin M.
Published: May 2019

Background Breast reconstruction is becoming an increasingly important and accessible component of breast cancer care. Among the many reconstructive options available, the latissimus dorsi flap has experienced a renewal in popularity because of its favorable properties and outcomes when used for breast reconstruction. However, a limitation unique to latissimus-based reconstruction is inappropriate breast animation postoperatively, due to persistent thoracodorsal innervation of the latissimus dorsi muscle after transfer to the mastectomy site.

Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted for studies investigating the role of thoracodorsal denervation in latissimus-based breast reconstruction. Data on surgical techniques, type of intervention, objective outcome measurements, and patient satisfaction-based outcomes were reported. Additional data included patient sample size, follow-up length, and treatment of thoracodorsal nerve (e.g., resection versus transection and length of transection) when applicable.

Results Sixty-six search results were reviewed for inclusion and nine qualified after exclusion criteria for a total of 361 patients undergoing either unilateral or bilateral latissimus flap reconstruction. Successful thoracodorsal denervation rates were included in most studies and outcomes measurements were heterogeneous. Eight out of nine studies included patient-reported symptoms of breast animation postoperatively. Based on these findings, a systematic approach is presented.

Conclusion We present this review to elucidate successful practices, identify current gaps in knowledge, and offer a systematic approach to this clinical challenge.
Early Detection of Vascular Obstruction in Microvascular Flaps Using a Thermographic Camera
Authors: Cruz-Segura Alejandro , Cruz-Domínguez María P. , Jara Luis J. , Miliar-García Ángel , Hernández-Soler Alejandro , Grajeda-López Pedro , Martínez-Bencomo Michel A. , Montes-Cortés Daniel H.
Published: May 2019

Background In microsurgical reconstruction, vascular obstruction occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Close monitoring is central to their care. Clinical/Doppler detection of vascular obstruction could be enhanced by thermography.

Methods A diagnostic test design included consecutive cases of hospitalized patients, ≥18 years old, who underwent surgery with free flaps. Two researchers separately evaluated patients with clinical/Doppler methods and thermographic camera hourly for 24 hours, every 2 hours for the next 24 hours, and then every 3 hours until discharge. The gold standard was visualization of thrombus or vascular obstruction during surgical reintervention. Sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), and a delta temperature receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated.

Results A total of 2,364 tests were performed with a thermographic camera in 40 patients (31 females, 9 males) aged 50.12 ± 9.7 years. There were 28 deep inferior epigastric perforator, 5 anterolateral thigh, 3 radial, 2 scapular, 1 fibular, and 1 anteromedial thigh flaps included. Six (15%) had postoperative vascular obstruction (5 venous and 1 arterial). One flap developed partial necrosis and one total necrosis (overall survival 97.5%). ROC curve (area 0.97) showed the best results at ≥ 1.8°C of difference to the surrounding skin. Considering two consecutive positive evaluations, the sensitivity was 93%, specificity 96%, PPV 57%, and NPV 99%. The thermal imaging camera allows to identify the obstruction between 2 and 12 hours before the clinical method.

Conclusion Utilizing a thermographic camera can reduce detection time of vascular obstruction by several hours in microvascular free flaps that include the cutaneous island. This method proves useful for early diagnosis of postoperative vascular obstruction.
Controllable thermal transport through nanoscale liquid bridging
Authors: Elsahati Muftah , Liu Haixia , Richards R. F.
Published: May 2019

The ability to actively control thermal transport rates across interfaces or through materials would enable a number of advanced thermal management strategies. We demonstrate an approach to produce a composite material system with controllable thermal conductivity for thermal switching. Heat transfer across nanostructured materials like nanoparticle packed beds is dominated by the high thermal resistance at contacts between particles. When liquid layers form between those nanoscale solid contacts, due to vapor condensation in the nanoparticle bed, the thermal resistance between the particles decreases dramatically. Varying the size of these nanoscale liquid bridges enables us to actively control the thermal conductivity of the material. We demonstrate an ability to repeatedly increase and decrease nanoparticle bed conductivity by up to a factor of 39 times. This approach to producing a variable conductivity material system shows promise for controlling heat transfer in a wide variety of applications.
Capillary transport in particulate porous media at low levels of saturation
Authors: Lukyanov Alex V. , Mitkin Vladimir V. , Theofanous Theo G. , Baines Mike
Published: May 2019

We have established previously that the spreading of liquids in granular porous media at low levels of saturation, typically less than 10% of the available void space, has very distinctive features in comparison to that at higher saturation levels. In particular, we showed that the spreading is controlled by a special type of diffusional process and that its physics can be captured by an equation of the superfast diffusion class, and these findings were supported by first-of-a-kind experiments. In this paper, we take these findings to the next level including deeper examination and exposition of the theory, an expanded set of experiments to address scaling properties, and systematic evaluations of the predictive performance against these experimental data, keeping in mind also potential practical applications.
X-ray radiography of the overheating instability in underwater electrical explosions of wires
Authors: Yanuka D. , Rososhek A. , Theocharous S. , Bland S. N. , Krasik Ya. E. , Olbinado M. P. , Rack A. , Oreshkin E. V.
Published: May 2019

We present the measurements of the development of striation like instabilities during the electrical driven explosions of wires in a water bath. In vacuum based wire explosion experiments, such instabilities have long been known. However, in spite of intense research into the explosion of wires in liquids, the development of these instabilities has either not been observed or has been assumed to play a minor role in the parameters of the exploding wire due to the tamping of the wire's explosion. Using synchrotron based multiframe radiography, we have seen the development of platelike density structures along an exploding copper wire. Our measurements were compared to a 2D magnetohydrodynamics simulation, showing similar striation formation. These observed instabilities could affect the measurements of the conductivity of the wire material in the gas-plasma state—an important parameter in the warm dense matter community. The striations could also act as a seed for other instabilities later in time if the wire is in a dense flow of material or experiences a shock from an adjacent wire—as it would do in experiments with arrays of wires.
Capacitively coupled radio frequency nitrogen plasma generated at two different exciting frequencies of 13.56 MHz and 40 MHz analyzed using Langmuir probe along with optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Mansuroglu Dogan
Published: May 2019

Capacitively coupled nitrogen plasma discharges driven by two different exciting radio frequencies of 13.56 MHz, and 40 MHz are investigated. Langmuir probe diagnostics along with optical emission spectroscopy are used for interpreting the discharges. The results of these diagnostics are not shown sufficiently in the literature for 40 MHz even though there are some for 13.56 MHz. The electron density ne and the effective electron temperature Teff are calculated from the measurements of the current – voltage characteristics of the discharges. These calculated parameters are correlated with the vibrational temperatures of the N2 second positive system C3Πu−B3Πg and the N2+ first negative system B2Σu+−X2Σg+ measured via optical emission spectroscopy. The population of the vibrational excitation particles plays a crucial role in the determination of the vibrational temperature which strongly depends on ne and Teff. The transition from collisionless stochastic heating mode to collisional Ohmic heating mode into the bulk plasma appears at lower pressure value for 40 MHz as compared to 13.56 MHz. This effect is observed effectively with increasing the RF input power due to the high energy electrons. It is noted that the vibrational temperatures of N2 and N2+ decreases at high-pressure region (>0.3 Torr for 13.56 MHz and >0.2 Torr for 40 MHz) due to a reduction in the relative population of the vibrationally excited particle. The measurements of the Langmuir probe are very consistent with the results of the optical emission spectroscopy.
Computational identification of Ga-vacancy related electron paramagnetic resonance centers in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Skachkov Dmitry , Lambrecht Walter R. L. , von Bardeleben Hans Jürgen , Gerstmann Uwe , Ho Quoc Duy , Deák Peter
Published: May 2019

A combined experimental/theoretical study of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) centers in irradiated β-Ga2O3 is presented. Four EPR spectra, two S = 1/2 and two S = 1, are observed after high-energy proton or electron irradiation. Three of them have been reported before in neutron irradiated samples. One of the S = 1/2 spectra (EPR1) can be observed at room temperature and below and is characterized by the spin Hamiltonian parameters gb = 2.0313, gc = 2.0079, and ga* = 2.0025 and a quasi-isotropic hyperfine interaction with two equivalent Ga neighbors of ∼14 G on 69Ga and correspondingly ∼18 G on 71Ga in their natural abundances. The second (EPR2) is observed after photoexcitation (with a threshold of 2.8 eV) at low temperature and is characterized by gb = 2.0064, gc = 2.0464, and ga* = 2.0024 and a quasi-isotropic hyperfine interaction with two equivalent Ga neighbors of 10 G (for 69Ga). A spin S = 1 spectrum with a similar g-tensor and a 50% reduced hyperfine splitting accompanies each of these, which is indicative of a defect of two weakly coupled S = 1/2 centers. Density functional theory calculations of the magnetic resonance fingerprint (g-tensor and hyperfine interaction) of a wide variety of native defect models and their complexes are carried out to identify these EPR centers in terms of specific defect configurations. The EPR1 center is proposed to correspond to a complex of two tetrahedral VGa1 with an interstitial Ga in between them and oriented in a specific direction in the crystal. This model was previously shown to have lower energy than the simple tetrahedral Ga vacancy and has a 2−/3− transition level higher than other VGa related models, which would explain why the other ones are already in their diamagnetic 3− state and are thus not observed if the Fermi level is pinned approximately at this level. The EPR2 spectra (S = 1/2 as well as the related S = 1) are proposed to correspond to the octahedral VGa2 in which the spin is located on an oxygen off the defect’s mirror plane and has a tilted spin density. Models based on self-trapped holes and oxygen interstitials are ruled out because they would have hyperfine interaction with more than two Ga nuclei and because they cannot support a corresponding S = 1 center.
Architecture-independent reactivity tuning of Ni/Al multilayers by solid solution alloying
Authors: Danzi S. , Schnabel V. , Zhao X. , Käch J. , Spolenak R.
Published: May 2019

Reactive multilayers are energetic nanostructures that are able to deliver a large amount of chemical energy via an exothermic reaction. These materials have been a subject of growing interest as they have been shown to provide effective local heat delivery for microscale propulsion or biological hazard neutralization. Nonetheless, their use as heat sources remains narrow because of the limits in tuning their intrinsic reactivity without altering their architecture. Here, we propose a method for the adjustment of reaction kinetics in Ni/Al multilayers via solid solution alloying with elements having different reactivities toward aluminum. Nickel layers were alloyed with copper and platinum, resulting in strong modification of the properties of the heat front, temperature, and propagation velocity, while at the same time leaving the multilayer architecture unaltered. This effect hails from a shift in the rate limiting mechanism during intermixing of the reacting species that promotes the propagation of the reaction. The results of this study will expand the field of application of reactive multilayers as integrated heat sources, thermal batteries, or microheaters.
Thermal conductivity of thin film-substrate systems from two-side scanning photothermal deflection measurements: Theoretical model and validation
Authors: Kazemian Sina , Bazylewski Paul , Bauld Reg , Fanchini Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Photothermal deflection (PTD) has been frequently utilized to measure the thermal properties of thin solid films on a substrate. In the models commonly used to interpret PTD data, the substrate is assumed to be an ideal thermal insulator. This assumption poses important restrictions on the reliability of these thermal measurements and limits the possibility to use PTD for also measuring the specific heat of the samples. Simultaneous knowledge of specific heat and thermal diffusivity is necessary to determine the thermal conductivity of thin solid films. In this work, we calculated the phase and amplitude of the PTD signal at the two opposites sides (film-side and substrate-side) of a thin-film substrate system. We find that, on both sides, the phases of the PTD signal primarily depend on the thermal diffusivity of the thin film, while the amplitudes primarily depend on the specific heat. By using the phases and amplitudes at the two sides, we show that the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurements by PTD can be dramatically improved. We validate our theoretical model by measuring, in a scanning PTD apparatus, the thermal properties of gold thin films, which are in excellent agreement with, and improve on, existing data from the literature.
Dynamics in reactions on metal surfaces: A theoretical
perspective
Authors: Jiang Bin , Guo Hua
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in theoretical characterization of reaction dynamics on metal surfaces are reviewed. It is shown that the widely available density functional theory of metals and their interactions with molecules have enabled first principles theoretical models for treating surface reaction dynamics. The new theoretical tools include methods to construct high-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces, to characterize nonadiabatic processes within the electronic friction models, and to describe dynamics both quantum mechanically and classically. Three prototypical surface reactions, namely, dissociative chemisorption, Eley-Rideal reactions, and recombinative desorption, are surveyed with a focus on some representative examples. While principles governing gas phase reaction dynamics may still be applicable, the presence of the surface introduces a higher level of complexity due to strong interaction between the molecular species and metal substrate. Furthermore, most of these reactive processes are impacted by energy exchange with surface phonons and/or electron-hole pair excitations. These theoretical studies help to interpret and rationalize experimental observations and, in some cases, guide experimental explorations. Knowledge acquired in these fundamental studies is expected to impact many practical problems in a wide range of interfacial processes.
Spectroscopy of the quadrupole clock transition of ytterbium-171 ions for optical frequency standard development
Authors: Chepurov S.V. , Lugovoy A.A. , Prudnikov O.N. , Taichenachev A.V. , Bagayev S.N.
Published: May 2019

We outline the results of the spectroscopic investigation of the quadrupole transition of a single ytterbium-171 ion as applied to the development of an optical frequency standard with a relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability of less than 10−17. The spectral width of the resonance recorded at the centre transition frequency amounts to about 30 Hz.
Interatomic interactions and thermally induced shifts and broadenings of energy levels of atoms in circular Rydberg states
Authors: Kamenski A.A. , Ovsiannikov V.D. , Glukhov I.L.
Published: May 2019

Analytical expressions are obtained for the constants determining the energy of the long-range (at large distances exceeding the LeRoy radius R
LR ≈ 4n
2) polarisation interaction of the multipole electric moments of two atoms in identical Rydberg states with large principal (n) and maximum orbital (l) and magnetic (m) quantum numbers (|m| = l = n − 1). Asymptotic expansions in powers of n are found for the components of the van der Waals interaction tensor, which determine the dependence of the dispersion energy on the orientation of the interatomic axis. The spontaneous and thermally induced broadenings of the energy levels of circular states are represented analytically as functions of the principal quantum number and temperature. It is found that analytical formulae for the sum of spontaneous and thermally induced line widths in the region of high temperatures and large principal quantum numbers (assuming n
3
k
B
T >> 1) do not contain a temperature-independent contribution of the spontaneous part of the broadening. Closed analytical expressions are also obtained for the Farley − Wing function and for the n- and T-dependent corrections to the asymptotic behaviour of the thermally induced shift.
Extracellular vesicle fibrinogen induces encephalitogenic CD8+ T cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Willis Cory M. , Nicaise Alexandra M. , Menoret Antoine , Ryu Jae Kyu , Mendiola Andrew S. , Jellison Evan R. , Givogri Maria I. , Han David K. , Bongarzone Ernesto R. , Akassoglou Katerina , Vella Anthony T. , Crocker Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potent mediators of intercellular communication with roles in inflammation and disease. In this study, we examined the role of EVs from blood plasma (pEVs) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of central nervous system demyelination. We determined that pEVs induced a spontaneous relapsing−remitting disease phenotype in MOG35–55-immunized C57BL/6 mice. This modified disease phenotype was found to be driven by CD8+ T cells and required fibrinogen in pEVs. Analysis of pEVs from relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis patients also identified fibrinogen as a significant portion of pEV cargo. Together, these data suggest that fibrinogen in pEVs contributes to the perpetuation of neuroinflammation and relapses in disease.
Intrinsic conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 genomic RNA 5′UTR
Authors: Brigham Benjamin S. , Kitzrow Jonathan P. , Reyes Joshua-Paolo C. , Musier-Forsyth Karin , Munro James B.
Published: May 2019

Significance

Here we have directly visualized conformational changes in the 5′UTR of the HIV-1 genome using single-molecule fluorescence techniques. We find that the monomeric 5′UTR can spontaneously transition between two conformations, which have distinct intramolecular base pairing. One of the observed conformations is competent for dimerization with a second 5′UTR molecule. Our results are consistent with a model in which dimerization initiates by way of localized intermolecular kissing-loop base pairing, which is promoted by tRNA primer annealing. The intermolecular interface then extends, giving rise to the putative extended dimer, which is stabilized by HIV-1 NC. Thus, the 5′UTR is intrinsically dynamic, and both viral and host factors play a role in modulating the RNA conformation and dynamics.
Prosurvival kinase PIM2 is a therapeutic target for eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Ma Leyuan , Pak Magnolia L. , Ou Jianhong , Yu Jun , St. Louis Pamela , Shan Yi , Hutchinson Lloyd , Li Shaoguang , Brehm Michael A. , Zhu Lihua Julie , Green Michael R.
Published: May 2019

A major obstacle to curing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the intrinsic resistance of CML stem cells (CMLSCs) to the drug imatinib mesylate (IM). Prosurvival genes that are preferentially expressed in CMLSCs compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent potential therapeutic targets for selectively eradicating CMLSCs. However, the discovery of such preferentially expressed genes has been hampered by the inability to completely separate CMLSCs from HSCs, which display a very similar set of surface markers. To overcome this challenge, and to minimize confounding effects of individual differences in gene expression profiles, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on CMLSCs and HSCs that were isolated from the same patient and distinguished based on the presence or absence of BCR-ABL. Among genes preferentially expressed in CMLSCs isPIM2, which encodes a prosurvival serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates and inhibits the proapoptotic protein BAD. We show that IM resistance of CMLSCs is due, at least in part, to maintenance of BAD phosphorylation by PIM2. We find that in CMLSCs,PIM2expression is promoted by both a BCR-ABL–dependent (IM-sensitive) STAT5-mediated pathway and a BCR-ABL–independent (IM-resistant) STAT4-mediated pathway. Combined treatment with IM and a PIM inhibitor synergistically increases apoptosis of CMLSCs, suppresses colony formation, and significantly prolongs survival in a mouse CML model, with a negligible effect on HSCs. Our results reveal a therapeutically targetable mechanism of IM resistance in CMLSCs. The experimental approach that we describe can be generally applied to other malignancies that harbor oncogenic fusion proteins or other characteristic genetic markers.
Development of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer
Authors: Fritz Jill M. , Lenardo Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Since the early 20th century, immunologists have investigated mechanisms that protect vertebrates from damaging immune responses against self-antigens by mature lymphocytes, i.e., peripheral tolerance. These mechanisms have been increasingly delineated at the molecular level, ultimately culminating in new therapeutics that have revolutionized clinical oncology. Here, we describe basic science and clinical discoveries that converge mainly on two molecules, CTLA-4 and PD-1, that were recognized with the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to James Allison and Tasuku Honjo. We discuss their investigations and those of many others in the field that contravene tolerance through checkpoint inhibition to boost immune killing of malignant cells. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying each therapy, the efficacy achieved, and the complications of therapy. Finally, we hint at research questions for the future that could widen the success of cancer immunotherapy.
Online data repositories as educational resources? A learning environment covering formal and informal inferential statistics ideas in scientific inquiry
Authors: Schubatzky Thomas , Haagen-Schützenhöfer Claudia
Published: May 2019

Statistical ideas play a vital role in scientific investigations. For students enrolling in physics-related courses at university, the need to interpret data is set from the start. Analysing graphical representations of data is seen as one way to acquaint students with statistical thinking without relying on pre-knowledge about formal statistics for applying more sophisticated methods like multiple regression. We designed a learning environment, which supports students in understanding the exploratory analysis of multivariate datasets as well as the concept of multiple regression. For phase one of the learning path, we work with exploratory data analysis using the software TinkerPlots, which has several major advantages in contrast to conventional software. Only in phase two formal inferential statistics is applied. We have chosen a context-oriented approach for this learning environment, using the particulate matter concentration in an Austrian city as topic. By providing data from online data repositories in a simplified way, students get the opportunity to work with real data. The amount of this data exceeds the number of measurements collected in typical training labs in an authentic and feasible way. In this article, the design of the intervention and a range of results originating from the triggered learning paths will be presented and discussed. To sum it up, we illustrate advantages and opportunities of the use of innovative software, online data repositories and informal statistics for a first introduction of methods of formal statistics like multiple regression.
Quantum point spread function for imaging trapped few-body systems with a quantum gas microscope
Authors: Pyzh Maxim , Krönke Sven , Weitenberg Christof , Schmelcher Peter
Published: May 2019

Quantum gas microscopes, which image the atomic occupations in an optical lattice, have opened a new avenue to the exploration of many-body lattice systems. Imaging trapped systems after freezing the density distribution by ramping up a pinning lattice leads, however, to a distortion of the original density distribution, especially when its structures are on the scale of the pinning lattice spacing. We show that this dynamics can be described by a filter, which we call in analogy to classical optics a quantum point spread function. Using a machine learning approach, we demonstrate via several experimentally relevant setups that a suitable deconvolution allows for the reconstruction of the original density distribution. These findings are both of fundamental interest for the theory of imaging and of immediate importance for current quantum gas experiments.
WITHDRAWN: A novel searching method of fault chains for power system Cascading outages based on quantitative analysis of dynamic interaction between system and components
Authors: She Jintao
Published: May 2019

This article has been withdrawn by IOP Publishing following a notification from the author post-publication that they did not have permission to publish some of the data present in it.

To ensure compliance with the national regulations for sharing the data, this article has been withdrawn from IOPscience.
multiPhATE: bioinformatics pipeline for functional annotation of phage isolates
Authors: Ecale Zhou Carol L , Malfatti Stephanie , Kimbrel Jeffrey , Philipson Casandra , McNair Katelyn , Hamilton Theron , Edwards Robert , Souza Brian
Published: May 2019

To address the need for improved phage annotation tools that scale, we created an automated throughput annotation pipeline: multiple-genome Phage Annotation Toolkit and Evaluator (multiPhATE). multiPhATE is a throughput pipeline driver that invokes an annotation pipeline (PhATE) across a user-specified set of phage genomes. This tool incorporates a de novo phage gene calling algorithm and assigns putative functions to gene calls using protein-, virus- and phage-centric databases. multiPhATE’s modular construction allows the user to implement all or any portion of the analyses by acquiring local instances of the desired databases and specifying the desired analyses in a configuration file. We demonstrate multiPhATE by annotating two newly sequenced Yersinia pestis phage genomes. Within multiPhATE, the PhATE processing pipeline can be readily implemented across multiple processors, making it adaptable for throughput sequencing projects. Software documentation assists the user in configuring the system.

Availability and implementation

multiPhATE was implemented in Python 3.7, and runs as a command-line code under Linux or Unix. multiPhATE is freely available under an open-source BSD3 license from https://github.com/carolzhou/multiPhATE. Instructions for acquiring the databases and third-party codes used by multiPhATE are included in the distribution README file. Users may report bugs by submitting to the github issues page associated with the multiPhATE distribution.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.