bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐Wide Association Analyses of HPV16 and HPV18 Seropositivity Identify Susceptibility Loci for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Beckhaus Theresa , Kachuri Linda , Nakase Taishi , Schürmann Peter , Eisenblätter Rieke , Geerts Maya , Böhmer Gerd , Strauß Hans‐Georg , Hirchenhain Christine , Schmidmayr Monika , Müller Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Häfner Norman , Luyten Alexander , Jentschke Matthias , Hillemanns Peter , O'Mara Tracy A. , Francis Stephen S. , Witte John S. , Dörk Thilo , Ramachandran Dhanya
Published: February 2025

Infection by high‐risk human papillomavirus is known to exacerbate cervical cancer development. The host immune response is crucial in disease regression. Large‐scale genetic association studies for cervical cancer have identified few susceptibility variants, mainly at the human leukocyte antigen locus on chromosome 6. We hypothesized that the host immune response modifies cervical cancer risk and performed three genome‐wide association analyses for HPV16, HPV18 and HPV16/18 seropositivity in 7814, 7924, and 7924 samples from the UK Biobank, followed by validation genotyping in the German Cervigen case‐control series of cervical cancer and dysplasia. In GWAS analyses, we identified two loci associated with HPV16 seropositivity (6p21.32 and 15q26.2), two loci associated with HPV18 seropositivity (5q31.2 and 14q24.3), and one locus for HPV16 and/or HPV18 seropositivity (at 6p21.32). MAGMA gene‐based analysis identified HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 as genome‐wide significant (GWS) genes. In validation genotyping, the genome‐wide significant lead variant at 6p21.32, rs9272293 associated with overall cervical disease (OR = 0.86, p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.78–0.95, n = 3710) and HPV16 positive invasive cancer (OR = 0.73, p = 0.005, 95% CI = 0.59–0.91, n = 1431). This variant was found to be a robust eQTL for HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQB1‐AS1, C4B, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DRB6, HLA‐DQB1, and HLA‐DPB1 in a series of cervical epithelial tissue samples. We additionally genotyped twenty‐four HPV seropositivity variants below the GWS threshold out of which eleven variants were found to be associated with cervical disease in our cohort, suggesting that further seropositivity variants may determine cervical disease outcome. Our study identifies novel genomic risk loci that associate with HPV type‐specific cervical cancer and dysplasia risk and provides evidence for candidate genes at one of the risk loci.
Genetic Epidemiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Circulating in China From 2010 to 2024: Characterization of Phylogenetic and Genetic Diversity of S1‐Based Genes
Authors: Sun Jing , Cheng Jiongze , Shi Da , Xu Xiangwen , Liu Yijia , Ying Jiale , Zhao Yulin , Zheng Huihua , Yan Junfang , Sun Dongbo , Song Houhui , Su Mingjun
Published: February 2025

As a porcine alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) frequently undergoes mutations that significantly reduce the effectiveness of current prevention and control strategies, leading to recurrent outbreaks in China. This study investigates the genetic evolution and mutation patterns of the S1 protein to characterize PEDV variation in China. Genetic evolutionary analysis of 804 PEDV S1 genes, including 620 Chinese PEDV strains, revealed that 78.06% of the Chinese PEDV strains belong to the G2a‐subgroup, further divided into seven branches (G2a‐Clade 1–7), with the predominant strains from 2020 to 2024 being in G2a‐Clade 4 (68.00%). From 2021 to 2024, 32 novel substitutions, 25 deletions, and 8 insertions were identified in the S1 protein of Chinese strains compared to those from 2010 to 2011. Notably, complete mutations were observed at amino acid sites N139D, H189Y, L229P, I287M, F345L, A361T, T499I, and A520S. Moreover, protein homology modeling analysis displayed that these deletion–insertion mutations significantly altered the surface structure of the S protein, particularly in the N‐terminal domain (NTD) and receptor‐binding domain (RBD) regions of S1 protein. The predictive analysis using AlphaFold3 indicated that deletion–insertion mutations in the S1‐RBD region notably affected the binding affinity of the S protein to porcine DC‐SIGN. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic evolution of PEDV in China.
Identification of RP‐54745, an IL‐1 Inhibitor Displaying Anticancer Activities for KSHV‐Related Primary Effusion Lymphoma
Authors: Dai Lu , Choudhary Amrita , Fan Jiaojiao , Huang Lu , Lin Zhen , Qin Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), usually seen in immunocompromised patients while lack of effective therapeutic options. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family is a major mediator for inflammatory responses and has functional role in both innate and adaptive immunity. We previously showed high activation of multiple IL‐1 signaling molecules during KSHV latent and lytic stages, as well as in clinical samples from patients with KSHV‐related malignancies. In the current study, we identified RP‐54745, a potential antirheumatic compound as IL‐1 inhibitor, effectively repressed KSHV + PEL cell growth through inducing tumor cell apoptosis. By using an established PEL xenograft model, we found that RP‐54745 treatment suppressed tumor expansion in mice. Also, RP‐54745 treatment significantly reduced hyperinflammation in tumor microenvironment including myeloid cells and neutrophils infiltration, as well as blocking IL‐1 signaling molecules expression in vivo. In addition, our transcriptome analysis revealed novel cellular genes and mechanisms for anticancer activities of RP‐54745. Taken together, our data indicate targeting IL‐1 production and signaling may represent promising therapeutic strategies against these virus‐associated diseases.
Effect of Tympanostomy Tube Removal Technique on Surgical Success and Operative Time
Authors: Aaronson Nicole L. , Blackwell Allison , Kenine Onyinyechi , Vanella Emily , Lu Zhaoying , Nardone Heather
Published: February 2025

Objective

Tympanostomy tube removal is a common procedure, the most common complication of which is persistent perforation. Multiple surgical techniques exist. This study seeks to determine whether the technique used affects success rate or surgical time.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary‐care children's hospital. Tube removal procedure codes were used to extract charts from 2008 to 2023. Data were collected on surgical technique, success, operative time, indications, and patient factors. Primary outcome measure was surgical success, defined as no residual perforation.

Results

A total of 1562 patient ears were analyzed. Success rate was 95.5% for trichloroacetic acid (TCA) myringoplasty with patch, 86.5% for cold myringoplasty with patch placement (CMwP), 74.7% for cold myringoplasty without patch placement (CMsP), and 73.8% for tube removal alone (TR). TR as compared with CMsP did not show a difference in closure rates (p = 1.0000). CMwP was more likely to be successful than TR (p = 0.0162) or CMsP (p = 0.0117). TCA was more likely to be successful than CMwP (p = 0.0197). Median operative time was 4 min for TR, CMsP, and CMwP and 5 min for TCA. This difference in operative time between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

TCA myringoplasty with patch shows greater surgical success rate than cold myringoplasty with patch, cold myringoplasty without patch, or tube removal alone, but it has a longer operative time. Cold myringoplasty with patch has greater surgical success than cold myringoplasty without patch or tube removal alone.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
The Role of Serendipity in Narratives: How Serendipitous Story Promotes Product Interest
Authors: Kuai Ling , Wei Haiying
Published: February 2025

Origin stories have been extensively discussed in storytelling, but it is unclear how presenting a story of an unexpected discovery would impact consumer behavior. This article proposes that marketers telling serendipitous stories could capture consumers' interest. Using four experiments, we found that a serendipitous story increased consumer interest in the focal product (Study 1). This was because the serendipitous story would awaken their positive emotions (Studies 2a and 2b). Furthermore, we identified a boundary condition of the device types. When consumers read a serendipitous story on a fixed device (vs. a mobile device), this serendipity effect was attenuated (Study 3). Our findings not only extend the serendipity and storytelling literature but also provide management guidance for businesses and marketers.
Biofilm formation in cardiovascular infection and bioengineering approaches for treatment and prevention
Authors: Tong Qi , Xu Qiyue , Cai Jie , Sun Yiren , Wang Zhengjie , Qian Yongjun
Published: February 2025

At present, cardiovascular infection such as infective endocarditis (IE) has become a major disease with a high mortality rate. The essence of IE is actually the infection associated with biofilm formation, which can occur not only on native heart valves, but also on prosthetic heart valves and cardiovascular implants such as left heart assist devices, vascular grafts, and pacemakers. Biofilms are bacterial aggregates that are composed of a self‐produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which is difficult and challenging for the treatment of cardiovascular infections. Therefore, it is important to explore and develop effective anti‐biofilm methods for the treatment of biofilm‐associated cardiovascular infection. This review provides comprehension of strategies for degrading EPS in biofilm, the application of nanodrug delivery systems for biofilm‐related infections, the strategy for targeting drug resistance genes through gene editing technology and strategy for targeting quorum sensing in biofilm. Furthermore, this review also provides some strategies to optimize the antibacterial properties of cardiovascular implants to prevent biofilm formation. The applications of these strategies will provide novel preventive and therapeutic ways for biofilm‐associated cardiovascular infections.
Efficacy of Therapeutic Education for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologics
Authors: Bouden Selma , Ayed Hiba Ben , Khemir Haifa , Rouached Leila , Tekaya Aicha Ben , Mahmoud Ines , Tekaya Raoudha , Saidane Olfa , Abdelmoula Leila
Published: February 2025

Introduction

We aimed to assess the effects of a patient therapeutic education (PTE) programme on the course of the disease and treatment management skills in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with biologics.

Methods

From January to December 2023, 52 RA patients participated in a face‐to‐face education session of 1 h, delivered to groups of four to six patients by 2 rheumatologists qualified in PTE. Disease activity, quality of life parameters and patient's skills using the BioSecure score were assessed before the education programme and 3 months later.

Results

A statistically significant decrease in mean pain visual Analogue Scale (p = 0.001), mean morning stiffness duration (p = 0.002), mean number of night awakenings (p = 0.01), mean tender joints count (p = 0.001) and mean 28‐Disease‐activity‐score (p = 0.001) were observed 3 months after the PTE. A statistically significant decrease in functional status (HAQ) and fatigue scores (FACIT‐F) was observed after PTE (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively). The mean BioSecure score climbed from 47.9 ± 14.9 at baseline to 74.8 ± 12.9 after PTE (p = 0.001). The variation of BioSecure score was significantly more important in patients with third‐level education, patients receiving subcutaneous biotherapy and those on TNF alpha inhibitors therapy.

Conclusion

PTE may be effective in improving clinical outcomes and safety skills in RA patients receiving biological treatment.
Novel High‐Order Alternative Finite Difference Central WENO Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
Authors: Gao Zhen , Tang Zi‐Yu , Wang Bao‐Shan , Zhao Ya‐Ru
Published: February 2025

The fifth‐order alternative finite difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (A‐WENO5) scheme is dominated by the truncation error of interpolation, resulting in a loss of one order of accuracy, despite the sixth‐order Taylor expansion of flux terms. In this study, we introduce the central WENO (CWENO) interpolation process in the A‐WENO5 framework to recover the optimal order and design fifth‐ and sixth‐order alternative CWENO schemes for solving the hyperbolic conservation laws. The key point is to enhance the interpolation procedure of the central stencil to realize the optimal sixth‐order accuracy. The linear weights are determined through approximate dispersion relation analysis, which also indicates a significant reduction in numerical dissipation compared with the A‐WENO5 scheme. Combining affine‐invariant WENO operators and Taylor analysis, the new local and global smoothness indicators are designed. The proposed schemes present many benefits, including lower dissipation, optimal order in truncation error, flexibility in choosing linear weights, and fewer CPU timings besides capturing the discontinuous solutions without numerical oscillations in contrast to the classical A‐WENO5 scheme.
Diseases and Traumas of Pleistocene Megafauna: A Perspective From Poland
Authors: Pawłowska Kamilla , Chrószcz Aleksander , Poradowski Dominik , Kubiak‐Nowak Dominika , Borawski Wojciech
Published: February 2025

Analysis of pathologies can shed light on the health, trauma, and disease states of animals in the past. This study aims to explore the health status of megafauna during the Pleistocene and Holocene in Poland and to elucidate the diseases afflicting them, in order to gain a broader picture of the physical condition of these animals. For this purpose, species that show pathological lesions were macroscopically studied, and CT images were used for reconstruction. These results are supplemented with previously published data. Our results show cases of traumatic lesions, inflammatory diseases, arthropathies, diseases associated with the environment, dental anomalies and oral pathology, congenital anomalies and inherited disorders, and others. Lesions were found on the skeletal elements of woolly rhinoceroses, woolly mammoths, aurochs, bovids, giant deer, elks, and bears. The diversity of pathological cases and taxa demonstrated here is the first contribution to empirical pathological research in Polish paleozoology dealing with Quaternary records. Besides this, the research presented in this paper contributes to building a bridge between paleozoology and zooarcheology in support of what we call the “one pathology” concept.
Binding of Selected Ligands to Human Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Complex and the Associated Conformational Changes: A Computational Molecular Modelling Study
Authors: Yang Yong Xiao , Li Peng , Zhu Bao Ting
Published: February 2025

Human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional protein, and also serves as the β subunit of the human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) complex, a lipid transfer machinery. Dysfunction of the MTP complex is associated with certain disease conditions such as abetalipoproteinemia and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that the functions of PDI or the MTP complex can be regulated by the binding of a small‐molecule ligand to either of these two proteins. In the present study, the conformational changes of the MTP complex upon the binding of three selected small‐molecule ligands (17β‐estradiol, lomitapide and a phospholipid) are investigated based on the available biochemical and structural information by using the protein–ligand docking method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The ligand‐binding sites, the binding poses and binding strengths, the key binding site residues, and the ligand binding‐induced conformational changes in the MTP complex are analyzed based on the MD trajectories. The open‐to‐closed or closed‐to‐open transitions of PDI is found to occur in both reduced and oxidized states of PDI and also independent of the presence or absence of small‐molecule ligands. It is predicted that lomitapide and 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (a phospholipid) can bind inside the lipid‐binding pocket in the MTP complex with high affinities, whereas 17β‐estradiol interacts with the lipid‐binding pocket in addition to its binding to the interface region of the MTP complex. Additionally, lomitapide can bind to the b’ domain of PDI as reported earlier for E2. Key residues for the ligand‐binding interactions are identified in this study. It will be of interest to further explore whether the binding of small molecules can facilitate the conformational transitions of PDI in the future. The molecular and structural insights gained from the present work are of value for understanding some of the important biological functions of PDI and the MTP complex.
Stakeholders support marine eco‐engineering, but what are the perceived benefits and who should pay?
Authors: Dodds Kate C. , Vozzo Maria L. , Mayer‐Pinto Mariana , Dafforn Katherine A. , Bishop Melanie J.
Published: February 2025

Despite the ecological and socio‐economic benefits of nature‐based solutions (NbS), the application of ecological principles to the design of seawalls (termed ‘seawall eco‐engineering’) to mitigate their impacts remains low.

We investigated stakeholder perspectives of, support for and willingness to pay (WTP) for seawall eco‐engineering in one of the most diverse and urbanised harbours in the world, Sydney Harbour, in Australia.

Using a series of workshops and surveys targeting the general public, Local Government, built environment and natural environment professionals, we identified and ranked perceived risks and benefits of eco‐engineering seawalls, the most common infrastructure in the Harbour. Additionally, WTP for seawall eco‐engineering was investigated using an existing, large‐scale eco‐engineering project.

Overall, workshop participants rated benefits of seawall eco‐engineering to be almost double the risks. The key perceived benefits were increased habitat/biodiversity, improved water quality and enhanced environmental stewardship/awareness. Key perceived risks were potential damage to infrastructure and use of greenwashing to facilitate new development.

Across all stakeholder groups, participants were very supportive of statements regarding the benefits of eco‐engineered seawalls and the need for eco‐engineering principles to be included in the design of new seawalls. Despite strong support for seawall eco‐engineering, WTP was estimated at one third of the actual cost and was, in part, attributable to a lack of a shared evidence base from successful projects, and unclear guidance and policy around implementation.

Synthesis and applications: Our results showed that establishing rigorous monitoring and evaluation programs that facilitate cost–benefit analyses are critical to enhancing WTP for and uptake of eco‐engineering projects. Furthermore, more cost‐effective technologies and shared funding models may overcome existing financial impediments. We also found integrative legislation may be key to increased implementation of such NbS, given that existing policies were viewed as unsupportive.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Linking Caregivers' Evaluation of Children's Mood to Brain Network
Authors: Wong Neng Chio , Hu Zhishan , Cheng Wenhong
Published: February 2025

Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy technique, this study identified lower brain network efficiency in children with anxiety and/or depression compared to healthy controls, with caregivers' evaluation of mood correlating with brain network efficiency.
Towards a Responsible Implementation of NIPT as a First‐Tier Test in Canada: Decision‐Makers’ Perspectives
Authors: Roy Marie‐Christine , Malo Marie‐Françoise , Morel‐Laforce Tierry , Ravitsky Vardit , Laberge Anne‐Marie
Published: February 2025

Objective

To explore decision makers' perspectives on the conditions for a responsible implementation of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a first‐tier test in Canadian provinces' healthcare systems.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted with 16 Canadian decision makers who were interviewed between February 2021 and July 2022. After anonymization and transcription, interviews were coded inductively using thematic analysis.

Results

Our interviews showed the complexity of the decision making environment regarding prenatal screening funding. Participants agreed that NIPT is superior to maternal serum screening as a first‐tier test, but they also recognized that first‐tier NIPT has limits and barriers. They described the following conditions for its responsible implementation: (1) need for time and evidence; (2) taking stakeholders' perspectives into account; (3) limit costs for the healthcare system; (4) ensure appropriate logistical conditions and harmonize the test offer; (5) ensure appropriate clinical services; (6) ensure informed consent; (7) ensure the test is presented as an individual choice to avoid eugenic concerns.

Conclusion

Multiple barriers and issues need to be addressed before moving NIPT from second‐ to first‐tier. Decision makers' perspectives should be contrasted with those of other important stakeholders, including pregnant people, disability advocates and healthcare professionals.
Efficiency Enhancement of CZTSSe Solar Cells via Thermal Treatment of (Zn, Mg)O Buffer Layers for Improving Crystallinity and Reducing Point Defects
Authors: Wang Yafei , Han Junsu , Tao Shengye , Dong Liangzheng , Gong Qianming , Wang Hanpeng , Jia Mengyao , Wu Zhihao , Baranova Maria , Zhou Jihui , Zhao Ming , Zhuang Daming
Published: February 2025

The application of (Zn, Mg)O buffer layers significantly improves the energy band alignment and the interface quality of the heterojunction of CZTSSe solar cells, leading to a breakthrough in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, (Zn, Mg)O thin films prepared by sputtering typically exhibit poor crystallinity, limiting their application. Rapid thermal processing (RTP) and substrate heating during the sputtering are investigated to address this issue. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of RTP in reducing oxygen vacancies (VO) and adsorbed oxygen (Oad). Furthermore, it is identified that both thermal treatments increase the MgZn/(MgZn + Zn) ratio of (Zn, Mg)O thin films, thereby increasing their band gap. A notable improvement in the device performance of CZTSSe solar cells, particularly in fill factor (FF) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC), is achieved by adopting optimal thermal treatment processes. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 12.4% and 12.3% are obtained through RTP and substrate heating, which are remarkably improved compared with the untreated CZTSSe solar cells with the maximum PCE of 9.5%. Notably, 12.4% is the highest PCE for CZTSSe solar cells with (Zn, Mg)O buffers to date.
School‐Based Mental Health Programs, Protective, and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Psychological Distress Among Filipino School‐Going Adolescents
Authors: Mallari Earl Francis I. , Peltzer Karl
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of psychological distress is increasing in the Philippines, a country with limited resources for mental health programs. It is worthy to investigate the possible predictors for psychological distress among Filipino youth as they are one of the vulnerable populations to psychological distress. The present study aimed to explore the school‐based mental health programs, protective factors, and psychosocial factors associated with psychological distress among Filipino school‐going adolescents. This study analyzed the 2019 Philippine Global School‐based Health Survey, which involved 10,175 high school‐going adolescents. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with psychological distress (loneliness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, plan or attempt). Results indicate that almost three out of every 10 (27.8%) Filipino school‐going adolescents reported experiencing psychological distress. In the adjusted model, having been taught about depression and suicide, taught what to do if a friend is suicidal, current alcohol use, current drug use, sedentary behavior, bullying victimization, and physically attacked were positively associated with psychological distress. Conversely, male sex, attending a public school, parental understanding, and having close friends were negatively associated with psychological distress. Psychological distress among Filipino school‐going adolescents has nearly doubled since 2015. School‐based mental health programs including suicidal content, demographic and psychosocial factors increased the likelihood of psychological distress and protective factors and having been taught about stress management decreased the odds of psychological distress.
Teacher Professional Identity on Teacher Empathy: The Moderating Roles of Competence and Growth Values and Ego‐Resilience
Authors: Sun Changkang , Zhuang Linyi , Xiao Weilong , Li Xinwei , Sun Binghai
Published: February 2025

Teacher empathy is important in reducing students' aggressive behavior, strengthening interpersonal cooperation, and promoting prosocial behavior. Previous research has shown that empathy could be predicted by a teacher's professional identity, but little is known about the moderating factors affecting the relationship between professional identity and teacher empathy. This study was conducted to examine the moderating roles of competence and growth values, and ego‐resilience in the relationship between teacher professional identity and empathy. Using the convenience sampling method, 1200 teachers from kindergarten, primary, and secondary schools participated in this study by using an online network platform. Regression analysis was used to examine the moderating effects. These results showed that: (1) Teacher empathy was positively associated with teacher professional identity; (2) when teachers have high levels of competence and growth values and ego‐resilience, the influenced effect of professional identity on empathy was the most. Improving teachers' professional identity, competence and growth values, and ego‐resilience could strengthen teachers' empathy.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Transfer of Gabapentin When Used as a Pain Adjunct for Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Silvola Rebecca , O'Kane Aislinn , Heathman Michael , Marotta Hannah , Trussel Hayley , Ray Bobbie , Dowden Shelley , Masters Andrea R. , Haas David M. , Quinney Sara K.
Published: February 2025

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols for cesarean deliveries (CDs) utilize multimodal pain management strategies that often include gabapentin. While gabapentin is excreted in breast milk, its pharmacokinetics in immediately postpartum lactating women are not known. This observational pharmacokinetic study (NCT05099484) enrolled 21 healthy singleton pregnant individuals, ≥ 18 years old, undergoing CD and planning to breastfeed. Participants received 300 mg oral gabapentin before CD and every 6 h for 48 h per hospital protocol. Serial maternal plasma and breast milk samples were collected over a single dosing interval. Gabapentin pharmacokinetics were assessed using two structurally distinct population pharmacokinetic (POPPK) models to describe transfer of drug into breast milk utilizing (A) milk‐to‐plasma ratio and (B) inter‐compartmental rate constants. These models were then used to estimate exposure to breastfed infants. Postpartum gabapentin plasma concentrations fit a 1‐compartment model that was adapted to include breast milk concentrations. The two POPPK models both estimated relative infant doses (RID0–48h) of gabapentin < 0.15% of maternal dose within the first 48 h postpartum. Infant daily dose (IDD) from 24 to 48 h was estimated to be 0.0137 (0.0058–0.0316) mg/kg/day and 0.0139 (0.00041–0.0469) mg/kg/day by models A and B, respectively. These findings indicate limited neonatal exposure to gabapentin administered as part of a postpartum enhanced recovery after surgery protocol.
Homozygous FIGLA missense variant in two Japanese sisters with primary ovarian insufficiency: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Tanikawa Wataru , Saitsu Hirotomo , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Fujisawa Yasuko , Fukami Maki , Sugino Norihiro , Ogata Tsutomu
Published: February 2025

Background

FIGLA is a transcription factor gene which plays a critical role in folliculogenesis. Consistent with this, FIGLA variants have been identified in females with non‐syndromic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in both autosomal‐dominant and autosomal‐recessive forms.

Case Description

We encountered two Japanese sisters who had secondary or primary amenorrhea at 15 years of age. They were diagnosed as having non‐syndromic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with hypergonadotropic hypoestrogenism and markedly low serum anti‐Müllerian hormone values.

Outcome

Whole genome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense variant, NM_001004311.3:c.338A>G:p.(Tyr113Cys), in FIGLA essential for folliculogenesis in the two sisters. The parents were heterozygous for this variant, and the heterozygous mother had regular menses at 51 years of age. This variant was extremely rare in public databases, and was invariably assessed as deleterious by six prediction tools. Furthermore, the p.(Tyr113Cys)‐FIGLA protein was assessed as “pathogenic” or “likely pathogenic” by protein structural predictions, and was evaluated as “destabilizing” or “decrease stability” by protein stability predictions

Conclusion

The results, in conjunction with the data reported in the literature, imply that FIGLA variants account for a small but certain fraction of non‐syndromic POI, and pose a question as to the relevance of FIGLA variants to an autosomal dominant form of POI, although FIGLA variants have been identified in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of non‐syndromic POI.
Robustifying Marginal Linear Models for Correlated Responses Using a Constructive Multivariate Huber Distribution
Authors: Mohammadi Raziyeh , Kazemi Iraj
Published: February 2025

The marginal regression model is convenient for analyzing correlated responses, including repeated measures and longitudinal data. This paper proposes a robust marginal linear model for analyzing a vector of univariate responses with correlated components by incorporating an innovative multivariate Huber distribution. It employs a flexible parameterization using modified Cholesky decomposition, provides a convenient approach for estimating the covariance matrix, and allows for subject‐varying the tuning parameter. Our research introduces a method for estimating parameters by employing the exact likelihood function through the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm. To highlight the advantage of our model, we carried out a simulation experiment and reanalyzed two real‐world case studies in the health and economics fields. The results indicate that our model offers a more robust analysis by assigning appropriate weights to extreme observations, thereby handling outliers more effectively than traditional models.
Synergistic Catalysis in Fe─In Diatomic Sites Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Meng Dapeng , Zheng Jingxuan , Guo Junxin , Zhang Anyu , Wang Zhao
Published: February 2025

Diatomic catalysts are promising for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) due to their maximum atom utilization and the presence of multiple active sites. However, the atomic‐scale design of diatomic catalysts and the elucidation of synergistic catalytic mechanisms between multiple active centers remain challenging. In this study, heteronuclear Fe─In diatomic sites anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon (FeIn DA/NC) are constructed. The FeIn DA/NC electrocatalyst achieves a CO Faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% across a wide range of applied potentials from −0.4 to −0.7 V, with a peak efficiency of 99.1% at −0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. In situ, attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the synergistic interaction between Fe and In diatomic sites induce an asymmetric charge distribution, which promote the adsorption of CO2 at the Fe site and lowered the energy barrier for the formation of *COOH. Moreover, the unique Fe─In diatomic site structure increase the adsorption energy of *OH through a bridging interaction, which decrease the energy barrier for water dissociation and further promoted CO2RR activity.
Bioinspired Omnidirectional Interface Engineered Flexible Island for Highly Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Gul Osman , Song Myoung , Gu Chang‐Yeon , Ahn Jihyeon , Lee Kichul , Kim Taek‐Soo , Ahn Junseong , Kim Hye Jin , Park Inkyu
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of electronics, there is a growing need to effectively combine rigid, flexible, and stretchable materials to build hybrid electronics. However, the interfacial transition between rigid/flexible and stretchable substrates presents considerable challenges, mainly due to differences in elastic moduli, complicating their integration for practical usage. Here, bioinspired omnidirectional interfacial‐engineered flexible islands (BOIEFI) are introduced for a robust transition from flexible to stretchable substrates. These BOIEFIs enable the creation of highly stretchable and durable hybrid substrates capable of withstanding diverse physical deformations such as stretching, twisting, and even poking. Inspired by plant roots, BOIEFIs are designed with primary and secondary root structures that provide flexible mechanical interlocking between substrates with different elastic moduli. Through experimental and computational methods, optimized BOIEFIs exhibit significantly enhanced stretchability and improved fatigue life. To demonstrate the broad applicability, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are integrated into BOIEFIs to establish a stretchable display. In addition, a human‐machine interface device with soft pressure sensors and an LED array is fabricated for the implementation of hybrid electronics. This approach facilitates the harmonious integration of rigid, flexible, and stretchable substrates, leading to the creation of soft, highly stretchable, and durable hybrid electronics.
Synchronous Regulation of Charge Transfer and Defects in Perovskite Nanocomposite Films for Enhanced Sensitivity and Stability in Monolithically Integrated X‐Ray Imaging Arrays
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Yuyang , Ding Li , Wang Lixiang , Lai Weien , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun
Published: February 2025

Perovskites nanocrystals (PNCs) have garnered significant research interest in X‐ray detection due to their strong X‐ray absorption capability, and unique advantages in large area and thick film deposition that result from the decoupling of perovskite crystallization from film formation. However, traditional long‐chain ligands used in PNCs, such as oleic acid and oleyl amine, suffer from poor conductivity and susceptibility to detachment, which limits the performance of X‐ray detectors based on them. In this study, a strategy is proposed to partially replace long‐chain ligands with short‐chain counterparts like phenethylammoniumbromide (PEABr) and CF3PEABr, during the synthesis of CsPbBr3 PNCs. This approach leads to a lower defect density, enhanced carrier transport, and suppressed ion migration simultaneously in the resulting PNCs. These PNCs are then combined with organic bulk heterojunction to construct the nanocomposite X‐ray detectors, which exhibit an impressive sensitivity of 10787 µC Gyair⁻¹ cm⁻2 and stable dark current baseline under a large electric field of ≈17 000 V cm−1. Finally, a flat panel X‐ray imaging sensor is prepared by monolithically integrating the nanocomposite film with a thin‐film transistor backplane, enabling high‐resolution and real‐time X‐ray imaging. The image quality is further enhanced through a super‐resolution reconstruction approach, effectively facilitating a wide range of practical applications in real‐world scenarios.
Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries via Multifunctional Hydrogen‐Bond‐Rich Dulcitol at Lower Temperature
Authors: He Ya , Chen Zhuo , Feng Junrun , Wang Jian , Zhang Lun , Gu Hao , Sheng Lin , Yao Pengfei , Wang Feng Ryan , Hao Zhangxiang
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices due to cost‐effectiveness and high safety. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and the intolerance against low temperatures hinder the application of AZIBs. Herein, hydrogen‐bonding‐rich dulcitol (DOL) is introduced into the ZnSO4, which reshaped the hydrogen‐bond network in the electrolyte and optimized the solvation sheath structure, effectively reducing the amount of active water molecules and inhibiting hydrogen evolution and the parasitic reaction at the zinc anode. In addition, higher adsorption energy DOL preferentially adsorbs on the surface of the zinc anode, guiding the uniform deposition of Zn2+ and inhibiting the formation of dendrites. DOL also enhances the interaction between free and free water and improves the resistance to freeze of the electrolyte. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells assembled with DOL are extremely stable cycled for 2000 h at 2 mA cm−2. The NH4V4O10 (NVO)//Zn full cell showed more excellent specific capacity of 183.07 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles. Even at the low temperature of −10 °C, the cell still maintains 155.95 mAh g−1 capacity after 600 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the subsequent study of AZIBs with high stability at low temperatures.
Self‐Assembled Charge Bridge Path at the Sn‐Pb Perovskite/C60 Interface for High‐Efficiency All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Shu Yuting , Xie Jiankai , Cao Jiupeng , Yan Wenjian , Jin Xiaonan , Han Lingui , Duan Jibiao , Hu Meizhu , Sui Shunan , Zhang Huihui , Wang Fangfang , Dong Jingjin , Wang Aifei , Huang Wei , Qin Tianshi
Published: February 2025

Narrow bandgap mixed tin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered substantial research interest owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. However, non‐radiative recombination and carrier transport losses at the interface between the perovskite layer and the charge transport layer (C60) significantly reduce the overall efficiency of mixed tin‐lead PSCs. To address this challenge, 9‐Fluorenylmethyl carbazate (9FC) is incorporated at the interface between perovskite and C60. The hydrazide group present in 9FC effectively mitigates the oxidation of Sn2+. Furthermore, 9FC can engage in chemical bonding with the perovskite, while the outward‐facing aromatic rings create effective π–π interactions with C60, thereby promoting enhanced interfacial charge transfer. The highest‐performing mixed tin‐lead PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.97%, accompanied by an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 0.91 V. Additionally, these tin‐lead PSCs facilitate the development of highly efficient two‐terminal and four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, which demonstrate efficiencies of 27.01% and 28.07%, respectively.
Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Galactomannan From Algerian Carob Seeds
Authors: Azzegagh Assia , Ihamouchen Chadia , Imadalou‐Idres Nacéra , Touati Souad , Djidjeli Hocine
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is the extraction, purification, and characterization of a locust bean gum (LBG) biopolymer extracted from the endosperm of Algerian locust bean seeds using the hot water extraction method. Once the seeds were swollen, the endosperm was separated, dried and finally ground, sieved, and purified. The physicochemical, structural, rheological, thermal, and morphological properties, as well as antimicrobial activity of purified locust bean gum (pLBG), were studied. After purification, the resulting LBG powder was white, smooth, light, odorless, and tasteless, with a yield of around 23.17%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the gum confirms galactomannan structure, attesting to successful extraction, while x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an amorphous structure and good thermal stability, respectively. Gum morphology examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous, fibrous structure. The antimicrobial activity of pure LBG demonstrated a significant effect on all pathogenic bacteria tested. After 24 h, baseline cultures (106 CFU/mL) were reduced by 51% for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 39% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 36% for Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, carob galactomannan had a more pronounced effect on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, whose growth was reduced by 75.5%. Pure LBG has shown promising potential as an antibacterial agent, so it can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Research on Authenticity Identification and Physicochemical Properties of Various Commercially Available Lotus Rhizome Starch
Authors: He Yan , Ma Jiaqing , Chen Xianqiang , Li Jie , Yan Shoulei
Published: February 2025

Lotus rhizome starch (LRS) is rich in nutrients and high price, yet the yield of LRS is relatively low compared with other source starch. Thus, unscrupulous merchants often adulterate LRS with other inexpensive starches, like potato starch. This study identified the authenticity of 10 commercially available LRS samples using optical microscopy and studied their physicochemical properties, including retrogradation and gelatinization properties. The results showed that there were three kinds of genuine LRS in samples, and the amylose content in adulterated LRS samples was higher than that in pure LRS, indicating that the amylose content of the starches used for adulteration was higher than that of LRS. Adulterated LRS were more prone to retrograde, exhibited a higher the proportion of sedimentation volume than genuine LRS. Besides, adulterated LRS had a higher gelatinization temperature and poorer freeze‐thaw stability compared to pure LRS. In summary, there were significant differences in quality between adulterated LRS products and pure LRS available on the market. These performance differences can explore the impact of the incorporation of other starches on the physicochemical properties and edibility of genuine LRS, and provide certain reference value for LRS adulteration detection technology and sustainable development of LRS industry.
Resolution of third‐degree atrioventricular block after antibiotic therapy in a dog (Canis lupus familiaris) with urinary tract infection
Authors: Ryave Jacob , Gunasekaran Tamilselvam , Sanders Robert A.
Published: February 2025

A 15‐year‐old, spayed, female Boxer dog presented to an emergency facility for collapsing episodes. Third‐degree atrioventricular block that was non‐responsive to atropine was diagnosed on electrocardiography. Initial diagnostics revealed a concurrent urinary tract infection and renal azotaemia. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics in hospital, with a temporary transvenous pacemaker in place to provide chronotropic support. During hospitalisation, the patient's rhythm converted to normal sinus rhythm, and permanent pacemaker implantation was not pursued. Follow‐up 11 days after discharge revealed resolution of the urinary tract infection and azotaemia and persistence of normal sinus rhythm. Holter evaluation at 1 month revealed normal sinus rhythm with few intermittent ventricular premature complexes. This report discusses possible causes of reversible third‐degree atrioventricular block and highlights other disease processes to consider when evaluating patients with atrioventricular block.
Conservative Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

Where E is the constant of integration, which is the total mechanical energy of the mechanical system. Therefore, the phase trajectories of (a) are a set of concentric circles centered at the origin.
Forced Oscillations of Systems Having a Single Degree of Freedom
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

The method of multiple scales for analyzing primary resonances of Coulomb-damped systems with cubic nonlinearities.
Continuous Systems
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin
Published: February 2025

Applying Newton's second law to the rod element the linear damping involved in the rod element. The above equation can be written as.
The dark side of double-tensor multiplets
Authors: Andrianopoli L. , Casale G. , Ravera L. , Santambrogio A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We explore the properties of a set of free double-tensor multiplets in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetry, focusing on their behavior within rigid superspace. These multiplets can be obtained from hypermultiplets by Hodge-dualizing half of their scalars, and feature an off-shell matching of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. Despite this fact, the supersymmetry algebra results to close only on-shell. Our analysis is conducted both in superspace, using the geometric (rheonomic) approach, and in spacetime, comparing how our results are obtained in the two approaches. Notably, the cohomology of superspace requires that the scalars Hodge-dual to the antisymmetric tensors crucially contribute to the superspace description of the tensors super-field strengths. This shows an inherent non-locality of the theory, already in the free case, which however does not forbid a Lagrangian description.
Thermal gravitational waves during reheating
Authors: Bernal Nicolás , Xu Yong
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this work, we revisit the generation of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) from interactions in the thermal plasma. We extend the existing literature by incorporating the reheating phase into the thermal history. Our results show that the amplitude of the GW spectrum can be significantly enhanced because the temperature during reheating can be much higher than the reheating temperature. Furthermore, since the temperature evolution during reheating differs from that of free radiation, the peak frequency of the spectrum can also shift. Additionally, the morphology of the spectrum can present characteristic features. We also compute the contribution of the integrated GW spectrum to the effective number of neutrino species, ∆N
eff, which can be substantially larger.
Towards an unbiased jet energy loss measurement
Authors: Apolinário Liliana , Luís Lénea , Milhano José Guilherme , Silva João M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The modifications imprinted on jets due to their interaction with Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) are assessed by comparing samples of jets produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions and proton-proton collisions. The standard procedure ignores the effect of bin migration by comparing specific observables for jet populations at the same reconstructed jet transverse momentum (p

T
). Since jet p

T
is itself modified by interaction with QGP, all such comparisons confound QGP induced modifications with changes that are simply a consequence of comparing jets that started out differently. The quantile matching procedure introduced by Brewer et al. directly estimates average fractional jet energy loss (Q

AA
) and can thus mitigate this p

T
migration effect. In this work, we validate the procedure in more realistic scenarios that include medium response. We study the evolution of Q

AA
with jet radius, its sensitivity to minimum particle p

T
and medium response as implemented in two different models for jet evolution in heavy-ion collisions. Further, we use this procedure to establish that the difference between inclusive jet and γ+jet nuclear modification factors (R

AA
) is dominated by differences in the spectral shape, leaving the colour charge of the jet initiating parton with a lesser role to play. Additionally, we compare Q

AA
to an experimentally proposed proxy for fractional jet energy loss, S

loss
, showing that both quantities are similar, although the former provides a more clear physical interpretation. Finally, we show the size of the p

T
migration correction for four different substructure observables and how to reliably use the quantile procedure experimentally to improve existing measurements.