bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic localization in CaVO3 films via bandwidth control
Authors: McNally Daniel E. , Lu Xingye , Pelliciari Jonathan , Beck Sophie , Dantz Marcus , Naamneh Muntaser , Shang Tian , Medarde Marisa , Schneider Christof W. , Strocov Vladimir N. , Pomjakushina Ekaterina V. , Ederer Claude , Radovic Milan , Schmitt Thorsten
Published: February 2019

Understanding and controlling the electronic structure of thin layers of quantum materials is a crucial first step towards designing heterostructures where new phases and phenomena, including the metal-insulator transition (MIT), emerge. Here, we demonstrate control of the MIT via tuning electronic bandwidth and local site environment through selection of the number of atomic layers deposited. We take CaVO3, a correlated metal in its bulk form that has only a single electron in its V4+ 3d manifold, as a representative example. We find that thick films and ultrathin films (≤6 unit cells, u.c.) are metallic and insulating, respectively, while a 10 u.c. CaVO3 film exhibits a clear thermal MIT. Our combined X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study reveals that the thickness-induced MIT is triggered by electronic bandwidth reduction and local moment formation from V3+ ions, that are both a consequence of the thickness confinement. The thermal MIT in our 10 u.c. CaVO3 film exhibits similar changes in the RIXS response to that of the thickness-induced MIT in terms of reduction of bandwidth and V 3d–O 2p hybridization.
Enhanced germinal center reaction by targeting vaccine antigen to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules
Authors: Andersen Tor Kristian , Huszthy Peter C. , Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishna P. , Jacobsen Johanne T. , Fauskanger Marte , Tveita Anders A. , Grødeland Gunnveig , Bogen Bjarne
Published: February 2019

Enhancing the germinal center (GC) reaction is a prime objective in vaccine development. Targeting of antigen to MHCII on APCs has previously been shown to increase antibody responses, but the underlying mechanism has been unclear. We have here investigated the GC reaction after targeting antigen to MHCII in (i) a defined model with T and B cells of known specificity using adjuvant-free vaccine proteins, and (ii) an infectious disease model using a DNA vaccine. MHCII-targeting enhanced presentation of peptide: MHCII on APCs, and increased the numbers of GC B cells, TFH, and plasma cells. Antibodies appeared earlier and levels were increased. BCR of GC B cells and serum antibodies had increased avidity for antigen. The improved responses required cross-linking of BCR and MHCII in eithercisortrans. The enhanced GC reaction induced by MHCII-targeting of antigen has clear implications for design of more efficient subunit vaccines.
A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota
Authors: Almeida Alexandre , Mitchell Alex L. , Boland Miguel , Forster Samuel C. , Gloor Gregory B. , Tarkowska Aleksandra , Lawley Trevor D. , Finn Robert D.
Published: February 2019

The composition of the human gut microbiota is linked to health and disease, but knowledge of individual microbial species is needed to decipher their biological roles. Despite extensive culturing and sequencing efforts, the complete bacterial repertoire of the human gut microbiota remains undefined. Here we identify 1,952 uncultured candidate bacterial species by reconstructing 92,143 metagenome-assembled genomes from 11,850 human gut microbiomes. These uncultured genomes substantially expand the known species repertoire of the collective human gut microbiota, with a 281% increase in phylogenetic diversity. Although the newly identified species are less prevalent in well-studied populations compared to reference isolate genomes, they improve classification of understudied African and South American samples by more than 200%. These candidate species encode hundreds of newly identified biosynthetic gene clusters and possess a distinctive functional capacity that might explain their elusive nature. Our work expands the known diversity of uncultured gut bacteria, which provides unprecedented resolution for taxonomic and functional characterization of the intestinal microbiota.
Soluble TRAIL Armed Human MSC As Gene Therapy For Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Spano Carlotta , Grisendi Giulia , Golinelli Giulia , Rossignoli Filippo , Prapa Malvina , Bestagno Marco , Candini Olivia , Petrachi Tiziana , Recchia Alessandra , Miselli Francesca , Rovesti Giulia , Orsi Giulia , Maiorana Antonino , Manni Paola , Veronesi Elena , Piccinno Maria Serena , Murgia Alba , Pinelli Massimo , Horwitz Edwin M. , Cascinu Stefano , Conte Pierfranco , Dominici Massimo
Published: February 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the most aggressive adult cancers with an unacceptable prognosis. For this reason novel therapies accounting for PDAC peculiarities, such as the relevant stromal reaction, are urgently needed. Here adipose mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AD-MSC) have been armed to constantly release a soluble trimeric and multimeric variant of the known anti-cancer TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). This cancer gene therapy strategy was in vitro challenged demonstrating that sTRAIL was thermally stable and able to induce apoptosis in the PDAC lines BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and against primary PDAC cells. sTRAIL released by AD-MSC relocated into the tumor stroma was able to significantly counteract tumor growth in vivo with a significant reduction in tumor size, in cytokeratin-7+ cells and by an anti-angiogenic effect. In parallel, histology on PDAC specimens form patients (n = 19) was performed to investigate the levels of TRAIL DR4, DR5 and OPG receptors generating promising insights on the possible clinical translation of our approach. These results indicate that adipose MSC can very efficiently vehicle a novel TRAIL variant opening unexplored opportunities for PDAC treatment.
Live-cell imaging of subcellular structures for quantitative evaluation of pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Nishimura Ken , Ishiwata Hiroshi , Sakuragi Yuta , Hayashi Yohei , Fukuda Aya , Hisatake Koji
Published: February 2019

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have various degrees of pluripotency, which necessitates selection of PSCs with high pluripotency before their application to regenerative medicine. However, the quality control processes for PSCs are costly and time-consuming, and it is essential to develop inexpensive and less laborious selection methods for translation of PSCs into clinical applications. Here we developed an imaging system, termed Phase Distribution (PD) imaging system, which visualizes subcellular structures quantitatively in unstained and unlabeled cells. The PD image and its derived PD index reflected the mitochondrial content, enabling quantitative evaluation of the degrees of somatic cell reprogramming and PSC differentiation. Moreover, the PD index allowed unbiased grouping of PSC colonies into those with high or low pluripotency without the aid of invasive methods. Finally, the PD imaging system produced three-dimensional images of PSC colonies, providing further criteria to evaluate pluripotency of PSCs. Thus, the PD imaging system may be utilized for screening of live PSCs with potentially high pluripotency prior to more rigorous quality control processes.
Synthesis of [18F]Favipiravir and Biodistribution in C3H/HeN Mice as Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Bocan Thomas M. , Basuli Falguni , Stafford Robert G. , Brown Jennifer L. , Zhang Xiang , Duplantier Allen J. , Swenson Rolf E.
Published: February 2019

Favipiravir (T705; 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide) is a pyrazine analog that has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses in multiple in vivo disease models. To better understand the compounds anti-viral activity, assessment of the drug’s biodistribution and kinetics in vivo may lend insight into how best to evaluate the compound efficacy preclinically and to contribute to the design of clinical studies to take into account the compound’s pharmacokinetic distribution and kinetics. In the current study, a method for synthesis of [18F]favipiravir was developed and the biodistribution in mice naïve to and pre-dosed with favipiravir was assessed by PET and gamma counting of tissue samples. Fluorine-18 labeling of favipiravir was achieved in a one-pot, two-step synthesis using a commercially available precursor, methyl-5-chloroisoxazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine-3-carboxylate, with an overall radiochemical yield of 15–24%, a molar activity of 37–74 GBq/µmol in a 70 minute synthesis time. [18F]favipiravir tissue uptake and distribution was similar in naïve and pre-dosed mice; however, in the pre-dosed animals plasma clearance was more rapid and tissue clearance appeared to be prolonged. In conclusion, application of PET to the evaluation of favipiravir has demonstrated the importance of dosing regimen on the distribution and tissue uptake and clearance of the molecule. Favipiravir is cleared through the kidney as previously reported but the liver and intestinal excretion may also play an important role in compound elimination. Measurement of the tissue uptake of favipiravir as determined by PET may be a more important indicator of a compound’s potential efficacy than purely monitoring plasma parameters such as viremia and drug levels.
Use of item response theory to develop a shortened version of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 scales
Authors: Xia Juan , Tang Zheng , Wu Peng , Wang Jiwei , Yu Jinming
Published: February 2019

It is important that questionnaires are as short as possible while still capturing the scope of problems relevant in an effective and reliable manner, to minimize the response burden. The purpose of our study was to develop a shortened version of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 for using in breast cancer survivors. Our data come from 10794 breast cancer survivors who completed the EORTC QLQ-BR23. Two-thirds of the sample was randomly selected from the original sample for development, and the remaining was used for validation. Item response theory methods were applied to shorten scales. The graded response model of Samejima was used to fit the item responses. The shortened scale was evaluated with the validation set by examining the mean difference, the proportion of respondents correctly predicted, correlation and weighted kappa between the shortened form and the original observed scores. Results reveal that a three-item BRBI, a four-item BRST, a three-item BRBS and a two-item BRAS forecast the scores on the original scales with wonderful consistency and are alike in measurement precision with no loss or only little loss in detecting group differences. Prospective validation on new diagnosed breast cancer patients and with poor QOL is needed.
Study of Optical Configurations for Multiple Enhancement of Microalgal Biomass Production
Authors: Cho Changsoon , Nam Kibok , Seo Yeong Hwan , Kim Kyoohyun , Park YongKeun , Han Jong-In , Lee Jung-Yong
Published: February 2019

Microalga is a promising biomass feedstock to restore the global carbon balance and produce sustainable bioenergy. However, the present biomass productivity of microalgae is not high enough to be marketable mainly because of the inefficient utilization of solar energy. Here, we study optical engineering strategies to lead to a breakthrough in the biomass productivity and photosynthesis efficiency of a microalgae cultivation system. Our innovative optical system modelling reveals the theoretical potential (>100 g m−2 day−1) of the biomass productivity and it is used to compare the optical aspects of various photobioreactor designs previously proposed. Based on the optical analysis, the optimized V-shaped configuration experimentally demonstrates an enhancement of biomass productivity from 20.7 m−2 day−1 to 52.0 g m−2 day−1, under the solar-simulating illumination of 7.2 kWh m−2 day−1, through the dilution and trapping of incident energy. The importance of quantitative optical study for microalgal photosynthesis is clearly exhibited with practical demonstration of the doubled light utilization efficiencies.
Long-range temporal correlation in Auditory Brainstem Responses to Spoken Syllable/da/
Authors: Mozaffarilegha Marjan , Movahed S. M. S.
Published: February 2019

The speech auditory brainstem response (sABR) is an objective clinical tool to diagnose particular impairments along the auditory brainstem pathways. We explore the scaling behavior of the brainstem in response to synthetic /da/ stimuli using a proposed pipeline including Multifractal Detrended Moving Average Analysis (MFDMA) modified by Singular Value Decomposition. The scaling exponent confirms that all normal sABR are classified into the non-stationary process. The average Hurst exponent is H = 0:77 ± 0:12 at 68% confidence interval indicating long-range correlation which shows the first universality behavior of sABR. Our findings exhibit that fluctuations in the sABR series are dictated by a mechanism associated with long-term memory of the dynamic of the auditory system in the brainstem level. The q-dependency of h(q) demonstrates that underlying data sets have multifractal nature revealing the second universality behavior of the normal sABR samples. Comparing Hurst exponent of original sABR with the results of the corresponding shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that its multifractality is almost due to the long-range temporal correlations which are devoted to the third universality. Finally, the presence of long-range correlation which is related to the slow timescales in the subcortical level and integration of information in the brainstem network is confirmed.
Molecular layer interneurons shape the spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Brown Amanda M. , Arancillo Marife , Lin Tao , Catt Daniel R. , Zhou Joy , Lackey Elizabeth P. , Stay Trace L. , Zuo Zhongyuan , White Joshua J. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: February 2019

Purkinje cells receive synaptic input from several classes of interneurons. Here, we address the roles of inhibitory molecular layer interneurons in establishing Purkinje cell function in vivo. Using conditional genetics approaches in mice, we compare how the lack of stellate cell versus basket cell GABAergic neurotransmission sculpts the firing properties of Purkinje cells. We take advantage of an inducible Ascl1CreER allele to spatially and temporally target the deletion of the vesicular GABA transporter, Vgat, in developing neurons. Selective depletion of basket cell GABAergic neurotransmission increases the frequency of Purkinje cell simple spike firing and decreases the frequency of complex spike firing in adult behaving mice. In contrast, lack of stellate cell communication increases the regularity of Purkinje cell simple spike firing while increasing the frequency of complex spike firing. Our data uncover complementary roles for molecular layer interneurons in shaping the rate and pattern of Purkinje cell activity in vivo.
Empirical evaluation of variant calling accuracy using ultra-deep whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Kishikawa Toshihiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Ozeki Takeshi , Mushiroda Taisei , Inohara Hidenori , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kubo Michiaki , Okada Yukinori
Published: February 2019

In the design of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies, sequencing depth is a crucial parameter to define variant calling accuracy and study cost, with no standard recommendations having been established. We empirically evaluated the variant calling accuracy of the WGS pipeline using ultra-deep WGS data (approximately 410×). We randomly sampled sequence reads and constructed a series of simulation WGS datasets with a variety of gradual depths (n = 54; from 0.05× to 410×). Next, we evaluated the genotype concordances of the WGS data with those in the SNP microarray data or the WGS data using all the sequence reads. In addition, we assessed the accuracy of HLA allele genotyping using the WGS data with multiple software tools (PHLAT, HLA-VBseq, HLA-HD, and SNP2HLA). The WGS data with higher depths showed higher concordance rates, and >13.7× depth achieved as high as >99% of concordance. Comparisons with the WGS data using all the sequence reads showed that SNVs achieved >95% of concordance at 17.6× depth, whereas indels showed only 60% concordance. For the accuracy of HLA allele genotyping using the WGS data, 13.7× depth showed sufficient accuracy while performance heterogeneity among the software tools was observed (the highest concordance of 96.9% was observed with HLA-HD). Improvement in HLA genotyping accuracy by further increasing the depths was limited. These results suggest a medium degree of the WGS depth setting (approximately 15×) to achieve both accurate SNV calling and cost-effectiveness, whereas relatively higher depths are required for accurate indel calling.
Diabetes-induced hypomagnesemia is not modulated by metformin treatment in mice
Authors: Kurstjens Steef , Bouras Hacene , Overmars-Bos Caro , Kebieche Mohamed , Bindels René J. M. , Hoenderop Joost G. J. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F.
Published: February 2019

Approximately 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have hypomagnesemia (blood magnesium (Mg2+) concentration <0.7 mmol/L). In T2D patients, treatment with metformin is associated with reduced blood Mg2+ levels. To investigate how T2D and metformin affect Mg2+ homeostasis db/m and db/db mice were treated with metformin or placebo. Mice were housed in metabolic cages to measure food and water intake, and to collect urine and feces. Serum and urinary Mg2+ concentrations were determined and mRNA expression of magnesiotropic genes was determined in kidney and distal colon using RT-qPCR. Db/db mice had significantly lower serum Mg2+ levels than db/m mice. Mild hypermagnesuria was observed in the db/db mice at two weeks, but not at four weeks. Metformin-treatment had no effect on the serum Mg2+ concentration and on the urinary Mg2+ excretion. Both in kidney and distal colon of db/db mice, there was a compensatory upregulation in the mRNA expression of magnesiotropic genes, such as transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (Trpm6), whereas metformin treatment did not affect gene expression levels. In conclusion, we show that T2D causes hypomagnesemia and that metformin treatment has no effect on Mg2+ homeostasis in mice.
Traceability and dynamical resistance of precursor of extreme events
Authors: Rings Thorsten , Mazarei Mahmood , Akhshi Amin , Geier Christian , Tabar M. Reza Rahimi , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: February 2019

Extreme events occur in a variety of natural, technical, and societal systems and often have catastrophic consequences. Their low-probability, high-impact nature has recently triggered research into improving our understanding of generating mechanisms, providing early warnings as well as developing control strategies. For the latter to be effective, knowledge about dynamical resistance of a system prior to an extreme event is of utmost importance. Here we introduce a novel time-series-based and non-perturbative approach to efficiently monitor dynamical resistance and apply it to high-resolution observations of brain activities from 43 subjects with uncontrollable epileptic seizures. We gain surprising insights into pre-seizure dynamical resistance of brains that also provide important clues for success or failure of measures for seizure prevention. The novel resistance monitoring perspective advances our understanding of precursor dynamics in complex spatio-temporal systems with potential applications in refining control strategies.
Enhancement of immune maturation in suckling rats by leptin and adiponectin supplementation
Authors: Grases-Pintó Blanca , Abril-Gil Mar , Castell Margarida , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Franch Àngels
Published: February 2019

Leptin and adiponectin, adipokines present in breast milk, have shown immunomodulatory properties. The current study aimed to ascertain whether a nutritional supplementation with leptin or adiponectin in neonatal rats was able to influence the maturation of the systemic immune response in early life. To achieve this, suckling Wistar rats were supplemented with either leptin (0.7 μg/kg/day) or adiponectin (35 μg/kg/day) during the whole suckling period. Plasmatic immunoglobulins were quantified, and spleen lymphocyte composition and their ability to proliferate and release cytokines were evaluated during (day 14) and at the end (day 21) of the suckling period. Rats fed with either adipokine showed higher plasma IgM and IgG1 concentrations and adiponectin supplementation also increased IgG2a at both studied days (P < 0.05). With regard to the lymphocyte composition, both adipokine supplementations increased T cell proportion and both CD4+and CD8+T cell subsets after two weeks of supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, only leptin administration increased NK and NKT cell proportions at the end of the suckling period. Finally, both adipokines influenced the cytokine secretion pattern by splenocytes. In conclusion, these results suggest that leptin and adiponectin play a role in the maturation of the systemic immune response during the suckling period.
Food decisions of an omnivorous thrips are independent from the indirect effects of jasmonate-inducible plant defences on prey quality
Authors: Ataide Livia M. S. , Dias Cleide R. , Schimmel Bernardus C. J. , van Erp Thijs , Pallini Angelo , Kant Merijn R.
Published: February 2019

Plant defensive substances can affect the quality of herbivores as prey for predators either directly or indirectly. Directly when the prey has become toxic since it ingested toxic plant material and indirectly when these defences have affected the size and/or nutritional value (both quality parameters) of prey or their abundance. To disentangle direct and indirect effects of JA-defences on prey quality for predators, we used larvae of the omnivorous thrips Frankliniella occidentalis because these are not directly affected by the jasmonate-(JA)-regulated defences of tomato. We offered these thrips larvae the eggs of spider mites (Tetranychus urticae or T. evansi) that had been feeding from either normal tomato plants, JA-impaired plants, or plants treated with JA to artificially boost defences and assessed their performance. Thrips development and survival was reduced on the diet of T. evansi eggs relative to the diet of T. urticae eggs yet these effects were independent from the absence/presence of JA-defences. This indicates that the detrimental effects of tomato JA-defences on herbivores not necessarily also affects their quality as prey.
Wavelength-scale ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging using a high-order harmonic source
Authors: Tadesse Getnet K. , Eschen Wilhelm , Klas Robert , Tschernajew Maxim , Tuitje Frederik , Steinert Michael , Zilk Matthias , Schuster Vittoria , Zürch Michael , Pertsch Thomas , Spielmann Christian , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: February 2019

Ptychography enables coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) of extended samples by raster scanning across the illuminating XUV/X-ray beam, thereby generalizing the unique advantages of CDI techniques. Table-top realizations of this method are urgently needed for many applications in sciences and industry. Previously, it was only possible to image features much larger than the illuminating wavelength with table-top ptychography although knife-edge tests suggested sub-wavelength resolution. However, most real-world imaging applications require resolving of the smallest and closely-spaced features of a sample in an extended field of view. In this work, resolving features as small as 2.5 λ (45 nm) using a table-top ptychography setup is demonstrated by employing a high-order harmonic XUV source with record-high photon flux. For the first time, a Rayleigh-type criterion is used as a direct and unambiguous resolution metric for high-resolution table-top setup. This reliably qualifies this imaging system for real-world applications e.g. in biological sciences, material sciences, imaging integrated circuits and semiconductor mask inspection.
Acute restraint stress modifies the heart rate biorhythm in the poststress period
Authors: Varejkova Eva , Janisova Katerina , Myslivecek Jaromir
Published: February 2019

We studied the changes in the heart and the activity biorhythms in mice exposed to acute (one 120-minute session) and repeated (7 two-hour sessions) restraint stress in 129J1/CF1 mice (WT) and in mice without M2 muscarinic receptors (M2KO) during the prestress period, during stress (STR) and for five days after the last stress session (POST). There were changes in the mesor (a midline based on the distribution of values across the circadian cycles; decreased in M2KO by 6% over all POST), day means (inactive period of diurnal rhythm in mice; higher in M2KO and further increased on STR and on the second to the fifth POST) and night means (active period; lower by 13% in M2KO and remained decreased in STR and in POST). The total area under the curve was decreased both in the WT and M2KO on STR and in all POST. Repeated stress caused changes over all days of STR, but the initial values were restored in POST. The average night values were decreased, and the day means were increased by 16% over all STR in M2KO. The day means decreased by 14% in the 4 POST in WT. The activity biorhythm parameters were almost unchanged. We show here that stress can specifically affect heart biorhythm in M2KO mice, especially when the stress is acute. This implies the role of M2 muscarinic receptor in stress response.
Nkx2–5 Second Heart Field Target Gene Ccdc117 Regulates DNA Metabolism and Proliferation
Authors: Horton Anthony J. , Brooker John , Streitfeld William S. , Flessa Meaghan E. , Pillai Balakrishnan , Simpson Raychel , Clark Christopher D. , Gooz Monika B. , Sutton Kimberly K. , Foley Ann C. , Lee Kyu-Ho
Published: February 2019

The cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 is essential for normal outflow tract (OFT) and right ventricle (RV) development. Nkx2-5−/− null mouse embryos display severe OFT and RV hypoplasia and a single ventricle phenotype due to decreased proliferation of Second Heart Field (SHF) cells, a pool of cardiac progenitors present in anterior pharyngeal arch mesoderm at mid-gestation. However, definition of the precise role of Nkx2-5 in facilitating SHF expansion is incomplete. We have found that Nkx2-5 positively and directly regulates a novel target gene, Ccdc117, in cells of the SHF at these stages. The nuclear/mitotic spindle associated protein Ccdc117 interacts with the MIP18/MMS19 cytoplasmic iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster assembly (CIA) complex, which transfers critical FeS clusters to several key enzymes with functions in DNA repair and replication. Loss of cellular Ccdc117 expression results in reduced proliferation rates associated with a delay at the G1-S transition, decreased rates of DNA synthesis, and unresolved DNA damage. These results implicate a novel role for Nkx2-5 in the regulation of cell cycle events in the developing heart, through Ccdc117′s interaction with elements of the CIA pathway and the facilitation of DNA replication during SHF expansion.
Preference for in-person psychotherapy versus digital psychotherapy options for depression: survey of adults in the U.S
Authors: Renn Brenna N. , Hoeft Theresa J. , Lee Heather Sophia , Bauer Amy M. , Areán Patricia A.
Published: February 2019

Several barriers complicate access to psychotherapy for depression, including time commitment, location of services, and stigma. Digital treatment has the potential to address these barriers, yet long term use of digital psychotherapy is poor. This paper presents data from a mixed-methods, online survey to document concerns patients with depression face when given the choice of in-person psychotherapy and digital psychotherapy. Participants were 164 adults living in the United States who had previously used or considered psychotherapy for depression. Rural-dwelling and racial/ethnic minority (Native American, African American, and Spanish-speaking) respondents were purposively sampled. Participants were asked their preferences for and opinions about four treatment modalities: self-guided digital, peer-supported digital, expert-guided digital, or in-person psychotherapy. Less than half (44.5%) of participants preferred in-person psychotherapy, 25.6% preferred self-guided digital treatment, 19.7% preferred expert-guided digital treatment, and 8.5% peer-supported digital treatment. Principal themes extracted from qualitative analysis centered on the efficacy of digital treatment, access to digital treatment, concerns about peer-supported care, confidentiality and privacy concerns, preference for in-person treatment, skepticism about self-guided therapy, and the impact of social anxiety on the use of video-chat based care. Future development of digital psychotherapy will need to address concerns regarding efficacy, privacy, data security, and methods to enhance motivation to use these treatments.
Design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of synthetic sulphated polysaccharides
Authors: Caputo Hannah E. , Straub John E. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: February 2019

This review summarizes the synthetic methods to sulphated polysaccharides, describes their compositional and structural diversity in regards to activity, and showcases their biomedical applications.
In situ environmental HRTEM discloses low temperature carbon soot oxidation by ceria–zirconia at the nanoscale
Authors: Aneggi Eleonora , Llorca Jordi , Trovarelli Alessandro , Aouine Mimoun , Vernoux Philippe
Published: February 2019

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy discloses room temperature carbon soot oxidation by ceria–zirconia at the nanoscale.
Formation of an interlocked double-chain from an organic–inorganic [2]rotaxane
Authors: Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Fernandez Antonio , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Asthana Deepak , Muryn Christopher A. , Tuna Floriana , Timco Grigore A. , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: February 2019

Here we show that a structure containing a polymeric interlocking daisy chain is obtained from the reaction of an inorganic–organic [2]rotaxane [HB{CrIII7NiII(μ-F)8(O2CtBu)16}], where B is an organic thread terminated with a bi-pyridyl unit, with an oxo-centered metal carboxylate triangle [FeIII2CoII(μ3-O)(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3].
Hydrophobic hydration affects growth of clathrate hydrate: insight from an NMR relaxometric and calorimetric study
Authors: Ma Shang , Sun Li , Kelland Malcolm A. , Wang Qingyu , Li Dongfang , Zhang Yixian , Dong Jian
Published: February 2019

Water tightly bound to the kinetic inhibitors of tetrahydrofuran hydrate is related to the hydrophobic hydration effect of the inhibitors.
Unprecedented homochiral 3D lanthanide coordination polymers with triple-stranded helical architecture constructed from a rigid achiral aryldicarboxylate ligand
Authors: You Li-Xin , Xie Shi-Yu , Xia Cheng-Cai , Wang Shu-Ju , Xiong Gang , He Yong-Ke , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Fedin Vladimir P. , Sun Ya-Guang
Published: February 2019

Luminescence and second harmonic generation activity of a series of homochiral 3D Ln-CPs were studied.
Czochralski crystal growth and characterization of large langatate (La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14, LGT) crystals for SAW applications
Authors: Nehari A. , Alombert-Goget G. , Benamara O. , Cabane H. , Dumortier M. , Jeandel P. , Lasloudji I. , Mokhtari F. , Baron T. , Wong G. , Allani M. , Boy J. , Alzuaga S. , Arapan L. , Gegot F. , Dufar T. , Lebbou K.
Published: February 2019

1.5 and 2 inch LGT, langatate (La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14) crystals along the X[100], Y[120] and Z[001]-directions were successfully grown by the Czochralski technique.
Intrinsic strain-induced segregation in multiply twinned Cu–Pt icosahedra
Authors: Deng Lei , Liu Xunlin , Zhang Xingming , Wang Liang , Li Wei , Song Mingke , Tang Jianfeng , Deng Huiqiu , Xiao Shifang , Hu Wangyu
Published: February 2019

We present an atomistic simulation study on the compositional arrangements throughout Cu–Pt icosahedra, with a specific focus on the effects of inherent strain on general segregation trends.
Stability and flexibility of heterometallic formate perovskites with the dimethylammonium cation: pressure-induced phase transitions
Authors: Ptak Maciej , Svane Katrine Louise , Walsh Aron , Paraguassu Waldeci
Published: February 2019

We report the high-pressure Raman studies and DFT calculations of DMANaCr and DMAKCr perovskite formates.
Charge carrier recombination dynamics in a bi-cationic perovskite solar cell
Authors: Zhao Jia-Shang , Wang Hao-Yi , Yu Man , Hao Ming-Yang , Yuan Shuai , Qin Yujun , Fu Li-Min , Zhang Jian-Ping , Ai Xi-Cheng
Published: February 2019

A novel biphasic trap-assisted charge carrier recombination mechanism is proposed for a bi-cationic MAxFA1−xPbI3perovskite solar cell.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over bimetallic zeolite imidazole framework-encapsulated CdS nanorods
Authors: Zhao Jia-Hui , Wang Yanju , Tang Xiu , Li Yu-Han , Liu Fu-Tian , Zhang Yuzhuo , Li Kui
Published: February 2019

Through doping the Zn ion with the transition metal, this work fabricated the bimetallic ZnM-ZIF (M = Ni, Cu, Co) encapsulated CdS nanorod heterostructure for the first time.
Joint and unique multiblock analysis of biological data – multiomics malaria study
Authors: Surowiec Izabella , Skotare Tomas , Sjögren Rickard , Gouveia-Figueira Sandra , Orikiiriza Judy , Bergström Sven , Normark Johan , Trygg Johan
Published: February 2019

In this work we used Joint and Unique MultiBlock Analysis (JUMBA) for the integrated analysis of lipidomic, metabolomic and oxylipins data sets obtained from profiling of plasma samples from children infected withP. falciparummalaria.
Introduction to new memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications
Authors: Waser Rainer , Dittmann Regina , Menzel Stephan , Noll Tobias
Published: February 2019

This article provides a brief introduction to the Faraday Discussion “New memory paradigms: memristive phenomena and neuromorphic applications” held in Aachen, Germany, 15–17 October 2018.
Synthesis of artemisinin derived glycoconjugates inspired by click chemistry
Authors: Goswami Lakshmi , Paul Sayantan , Kotammagari Tharun K. , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: February 2019

Cu(i)-catalysed click reactions between β-propargylated dihydroartemisinin and azido sugars were carried out to furnish artemisinin based glycoconjugates.
A new strategy for the construction of β-cyclodextrin-based magnetic nanocarriers: a molecular docking technique
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Yao Shun , Chen Xianggui , Huang Yukun , Song Hang
Published: February 2019

The molecular docking technique could provide a significant reference for the fast selection of an effective surface coating during the construction of high-performance β-CD-based magnetic nanocarriers.
Tailored dendritic platinum nanostructures as a robust and efficient direct formic acid fuel cell anode
Authors: El-Nagar Gumaa A. , Muench Falk , Roth Christina
Published: February 2019

Engineering of platinum structures with precisely controlled morphology provides an excellent opportunity to efficiently tailor their catalytic performance, greatly improving their durability and activity.
A few-layered MoS2 nanosheets/nitrogen-doped graphene 3D aerogel as a high performance and long-term stability supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Yuan Yue , Lv Haipeng , Xu Qunjie , Liu Haimei , Wang YongGang
Published: February 2019

Few-layered MoS2 nanosheets form hybrids with nitrogen-doped graphene to construct a three-dimensional aerogel and demonstrate greatly enhanced capacitance and long cycling life as a supercapacitor electrode.
A substrate-free graphene oxide-based micromotor for rapid adsorption of antibiotics
Authors: Dong Yue , Yi Chen , Yang Shanshan , Wang Jie , Chen Peng , Liu Xin , Du Wei , Wang Song , Liu Bi-Feng
Published: February 2019

We first report the fabrication of a substrate-free graphene oxide (GO)-based micromotor by a glass capillary microfluidic technique. The micromotor can move rapidly at low concentrations of fuel and exhibits high removal efficiency for the antibiotic.
Direct imaging of dopant sites in rare-earth element-doped permanent magnet and correlated magnetism origin
Authors: Zeng Xue , Zhang Junwei , Si Mingsu , Cao Derang , Deng Xia , Ma Hongbin , Lan Qianqian , Xue Desheng , Zhang Xixiang , Tao Kun , Peng Yong
Published: February 2019

The changes in the spin states of the Fe3+ cations located at the 4f1 tetrahedral sites result in magnetization enhancement of La-doped M-type SrFe12O19 ferrite.
Fabrication of cefotaxime sodium-functionalized gold nanoclusters for the detection of copper ions in Chinese herbal medicines
Authors: Ye Cunling , Wang Yuanfei , Wang Shen , Wang Zhike
Published: February 2019

Antibiotic-based gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are a good sensing platform for specific recognition; however, the related studies are few.
Chemical space exploration guided by deep neural networks
Authors: Karlov Dmitry S. , Sosnin Sergey , Tetko Igor V. , Fedorov Maxim V.
Published: February 2019

A parametric t-SNE approach based on deep feed-forward neural networks was applied to the chemical space visualization problem.
A graph-based genetic algorithm and generative model/Monte Carlo tree search for the exploration of chemical space
Authors: Jensen Jan H.
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a comparison of a graph-based genetic algorithm (GB-GA) and machine learning (ML) results for the optimization of log P values with a constraint for synthetic accessibility and shows that the GA is as good as or better than the ML approaches for this particular property.
Ab initioinvestigation of the stability of electrolyte/electrode interfaces in all-solid-state Na batteries
Authors: Lacivita Valentina , Wang Yan , Bo Shou-Hang , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: February 2019

Calculated voltage stability window of selected Na oxides.
Template-free synthesis of nanocage-like g-C3N4 with high surface area and nitrogen defects for enhanced photocatalytic H2 activity
Authors: Wu Mao , Gong Yansheng , Nie Tao , Zhang Jin , Wang Rui , Wang Huanwen , He Beibei
Published: February 2019

Nanocage-like 3D porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with a high surface area and nitrogen defects was successfully prepared via a novel, template-free, cost-effective and hydrothermal-copolymerization route.
Ultrathin HNb3O8nanosheets with oxygen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of amines under visible light irradiation
Authors: Chen Junli , Wang Hai , Zhang Zhiqiang , Han Lifeng , Zhang Yonghui , Gong Feilong , Xie Kefeng , Xu Liancai , Song Wei , Wu Shide
Published: February 2019

Ultrathin HNb3O8nanosheets with oxygen vacancies were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process. HNb3O8NSs showed excellent photocatalytic activity.
Carbon-encapsulated ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets epitaxially grown on porous metallic TiNb2O6 microspheres with unsaturated oxygen atoms for superior potassium storage
Authors: Xing Lidong , Yu Qiyao , Jiang Bo , Chu Jianhua , Lao Cheng-Yen , Wang Min , Han Kun , Liu Zhiwei , Bao Yanping , Wang Wei (Alex)
Published: February 2019

A three-layered heterostructure with metallic TiNb2O6 as the core and carbon-encapsulated MoS2 nanosheets as the shell is synthesized for KIBs.
Band gap and band alignment prediction of nitride-based semiconductors using machine learning
Authors: Huang Yang , Yu Changyou , Chen Weiguang , Liu Yuhuai , Li Chong , Niu Chunyao , Wang Fei , Jia Yu
Published: February 2019

Machine learning has been utilized to accurately predict band gap and band alignment of wurtzite nitrides in a large design space.
Luminescence tuning with excellent colour homogeneity and steadiness using fluorescent molecular liquids
Authors: Lu Fengniu , Hagiwara Keita , Yoshizawa Michito , Nagura Kazuhiko , Ishihara Shinsuke , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: February 2019

Luminescence tuning with excellent homogeneity and steadiness of the resulting colour is guaranteed by chemical modification of fluorescent molecular liquid.
Intrinsic stability enhancement and ionic migration reduction by fluorinated cations incorporated in hybrid lead halide perovskites
Authors: El-Mellouhi Fedwa , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Marzouk Asma , Kabalan Lara , Belaidi Abdelhak , Merzougui Belabbes , Tabet Nouar , Alharbi Fahhad H.
Published: February 2019

Improving the stability of the hybrid perovskite solar cell is believed to be the main step toward large scale commercialization of this technology. Low controlled concentrations of fluorinated methylammonium cations added to the absorber could prevent its degradation due to water and ionic migration under applied bias due to of the reduction in the migration rate.
Visible-light activated metal catalyst-free vicinal diazidation of olefins with sulfonium iodate(i) species
Authors: Reddy Thurpu Raghavender , Rao Dodla Sivanageswara , Kashyap Sudhir
Published: February 2019

An unprecedented visible-light inspired selective radical azidation of unactivated and diverse substituted vinylarenes with sulfonium iodate reagent has been realized. The intrinsic radical process triggered by light tolerated several synthetically useful functionalities enabling two new carbon-hetero bonds which display distinctive late-stage applications to biologically relevant scaffolds.
Alkoxy radicals generation: facile photocatalytic reduction of N-alkoxyazinium or azolium salts
Authors: Capaldo Luca , Ravelli Davide
Published: February 2019

The photocatalytic reduction of N-alkoxyazinium or azolium salts allowed the facile generation of alkoxy radicals to be exploited in synthesis.
A chemiresistive thin-film translating biological recognition into electrical signals: an innovative signaling mode for contactless biosensing
Authors: Shu Jian , Qiu Zhenli , Zhou Qian , Tang Dianping
Published: February 2019

An innovative signaling mode in which a chemiresistive thin-film electrode monitors the specific gaseous component that results from a biological recognition event to indirectly detect targets in the liquid phase is developed for highly-efficient contactless biosensing. This signaling mode may open a new horizon in designing robust biosensing devices for bioanalysis.
Self-assembled organic nanotube promoted allylation of ketones in aqueous phase
Authors: Sun Hui , Jiang Jian , Sun Yimeng , Zhang Qingwu , Liu Minghua
Published: February 2019

A self-assembled organic nanotube was found to promote the allylation of ketones in the aqueous phase.
Correction: Modulation of the mechanical energy storage performance of the MIL-47(VIV) metal organic framework by ligand functionalization
Authors: G. Yot Pascal , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Elkaim Erik , Fertey Pierre , Fabry Paul , Magnier Emmanuel , Devic Thomas , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Modulation of the mechanical energy storage performance of the MIL-47(VIV) metal organic framework by ligand functionalization’ by Pascal G. Yot et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04214d.
Synthesis of double-shelled SnO2 hollow cubes for superior isopropanol sensing performance
Authors: Sun Heming , Zhang Chen , Peng Yujia , Gao Wei
Published: February 2019

Multi-shelled hollow structures have attracted extensive attention due to their promising performance in many areas.
Postsynthesis Mn-doping in CsPbI3 nanocrystals to stabilize the black perovskite phase
Authors: Mir Wasim J. , Swarnkar Abhishek , Nag Angshuman
Published: February 2019

Postsynthesis Mn-doping elucidates the role of lattice contraction and surface passivation in stabilizing the black phase of CsPbI3 nanocrystals under ambient conditions.
Handwritable one-dimensional photonic crystals prepared from dendronized brush block copolymers
Authors: Zhang Tongzhou , Yang Jixing , Yu Xiaoliang , Li Yuesheng , Yuan Xiaoyan , Zhao Yunhui , Lyu Dong , Men Yongfeng , Zhang Ke , Ren Lixia
Published: February 2019

Second generation dendrons with six long alkyl groups and six benzyl groups as peripheral groups were modified into cis-5-norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboxylicanhydride to prepare dendronized monomers.
Interior engineering of seaweed-derived N-doped versatile carbonaceous beads with CoxOy for universal organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Bo Shufeng , Zhao Xin , An Qingda , Luo Junmei , Xiao Zuoyi , Zhai Shangru
Published: February 2019

Interior engineering of seaweed-derived N-doped versatile carbonaceous beads with CoxOy formed by simple co-crosslinking and pyrolysis procedures are utilized for the degradation of various organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation.
High-performance pseudocapacitive micro-supercapacitors with three-dimensional current collector of vertical ITO nanowire arrays
Authors: Du Jingwei , Zhao Yirong , Zhang Zemin , Mu Xuemei , Jiang Xiao , Huang Baoyu , Zhang Yaxiong , Zhang Shengming , Zhang Zhenxing , Xie Erqing
Published: February 2019

MSCs with high pseudocapacitive performance from ITO NWs 3D network served as current collectorand 3D scaffold are reported.
Fluorescent In based MOFs showing “turn on” luminescence towards thiols and acting as a ratiometric fluorescence thermometer
Authors: Wu Zhao-Feng , Tan Bin , Velasco Ever , Wang Hao , Shen Nan-Nan , Gao Yu-Jie , Zhang Xu , Zhu Kun , Zhang Guo-Yu , Liu Yan-Yao , Hei Xiu-Ze , Huang Xiao-Ying , Li Jing
Published: February 2019

A chiral 2D In-MOF shows unique “turn on” luminescence towards thiols and acts as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for temperature upon incorporation of Eu3+.
Loss of stretch-activated channels, PIEZOs, accelerates non-small cell lung cancer progression and cell migration
Authors: Huang Zhicheng , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Xueying , Niu Kai , Wang Ying , Zheng Jun , Li Hang , Liu Ying
Published: February 2019

PIEZO channels are stretch-activated channels involved in wound sealing and cell proliferation in many cell types. A recent study focussing on lung cancer (LC), using next-generation sequencing analysis, has indicated that PIEZO functions were implicated in LC development. However, the expression and role of PIEZO channels in non-small cell LC (NSCLC) progression require elucidation. In the current study, we investigated the gene expression and alteration frequency in human NSCLC tissue, accessed the prognostic roles of PIEZO channels in NSCLC patients, and further studied the effect of PIEZOs in NSCLC cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. The mRNA expression of PIEZO1 and 2 was clearly decreased in NSCLC tumor tissue compared with that in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue. In human NSCLC tissues, PIEZO1 gene expression exhibits a highly deep deletion rate, and PIEZO2 mainly exhibits mutation in gene expression. High mRNA expression of PIEZO channels was found to correlate with better overall survival (OS) for NSCLC patients, especially for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but not for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The prognostic role of PIEZO channels was more sensitive in female patients than male patients, and more sensitive in patients at earlier stages than patients at latter stages. Knockdown of PIEZO1 or PIEZO2 in NSCLC cells significantly promoted cell migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate the critical prognostic values of the PIEZO channels in NSCLC. This information will be beneficial to understand the pathological mechanism of NSCLC and to generate effective therapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients.