bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Results on Boolean Functions with High Nonlinearity and Low Transparency Order
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Wang Yu , Wang Qichun , Sun Yinxia , Yu Zhipeng
Published: April 2023

We improve the steepest descent algorithm and increase the double threshold parameter, which significantly improves the algorithm’s efficiency. And we design a new cost function so that in terms of search, various characteristics of Boolean functions can be taken into account simultaneously. Applying our algorithm, there are excellent results regarding the 9, 10, 11, and 12 variables. We find a Boolean function with a nonlinearity of 242 in 9 variables and the whole search space. Previously, this result only appeared in the rotational symmetry class. The best-achieved nonlinearity result for permutation (6, 5, 1, 4, 7, 2, 3, 0, 8) and (0, 7, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3, 6, 8) class is 238 and 239 introduced by Kavut in Information and Computation (2010). Still, applying our algorithm, we obtain a balanced Boolean function with a nonlinearity of 240 under the same permutation, indicating that our method is more general. Among the 11 variables, a Boolean function with a higher nonlinearity and a lower transparency level and the absolute value spectrum are maintained at a lower level. The algorithm performs well when considering all aspects of the property. There are similarly promising results in even-numbered variables.
Computational Modeling and Evaluation of Potential mRNA and Peptide‐Based Vaccine against Marburg Virus (MARV) to Provide Immune Protection against Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Albaqami Faisal F. , Altharawi Ali , Althurwi Hassan N. , Alharthy Khalid M. , Qasim Muhammad , Muhseen Ziyad Tariq , Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad
Published: April 2023

A hemorrhagic fever caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) belongs to the Filoviridae family and has been classified as a risk group 4 pathogen. To this day, there are no approved effective vaccinations or medications available to prevent or treat MARV infections. Reverse vaccinology‐based approach was formulated to prioritize B and T cell epitopes utilizing a numerous immunoinformatics tools. Potential epitopes were systematically screened based on various parameters needed for an ideal vaccine such as allergenicity, solubility, and toxicity. The most suitable epitopes capable of inducing immune response were shortlisted. Epitopes with population coverage of 100% and fulfilling set parameters were selected for docking with human leukocyte antigen molecules, and binding affinity of each peptide was analyzed. Finally, 4 CTL and HTL each while 6 B cell 16‐mers were used for designing multiepitope subunit (MSV) and mRNA vaccine joined via suitable linkers. Immune simulations were used to validate the constructed vaccine’s capacity to induce a robust immune response whereas molecular dynamics simulations were used to confirm epitope‐HLA complex stability. Based on these parameter’s studies, both the vaccines constructed in this study offer a promising choice against MARV but require further experimental verification. This study provides a rationale point to begin with the development of an efficient vaccine against Marburg virus; however, the findings need further experimental validation to confirm the computational finding of this study.
Grading Evaluation of Overall Corrosion Degree of Corroded RC Beams via SMFL Technique
Authors: Zhang Hong , Ma Xiaotao , Jiang Hejing , Tong Kai , Zheng Yu , Zhou Jianting
Published: April 2023

To accurately evaluate the overall corrosion degree of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, on the basis of the SMFL technology, the overall random corrosion detection experiment of six RC beams was carried out. The relationship between the tangential component By and the normal component Bz of the magnetic induction intensity and corrosion degree was analyzed, and a multidefect magnetic dipole model was established. The correlation between the average corrosion ratio C of the RC beam and the magnetic characteristic index KG was emphatically explored. The results showed that, with the increase in the average corrosion ratio C, the magnetic characteristic index KG showed an increasing trend as a whole. The index KG could weaken the influence of different historical magnetizations, but it had a certain dispersion. On the basis of the correlation and the Naive Bayesian model, the average corrosion ratio C was divided into four grades. The probability of C falling in different value ranges can be quantitatively evaluated using the KG magnetic characteristic index. The reliability is as high as 97.4% and as low as 56.8% so as to realize the quantitative grading evaluation of the corrosion of the rebar in the RC beam.
Efficacy of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Intermittent Hemodialysis in Patients with Renal Failure in Intensive Care Unit: A Systemic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Haiying , Liu Hengjian , Liu Yi , Wang Yi , He Jiang , Yang Qiaoyun
Published: April 2023

Objective. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) in patients with renal failure in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. Relevant studies were searched in the databases including EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE (PubMed) from inception to January 04, 2021. The inclusion of available studies and the collection of data were independently conducted by two authors after reviewing the full text. Pooled analyses of relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were performed to compare the outcomes of renal recovery, short‐term mortality, length of ICU stays, and length of in‐hospital stays between the two different treatment groups. Publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot. Results. A total of 11 RCT studies including 1740 patients with renal failure were eligible for final analysis. Among them, 894 patients (51.4%) underwent CRRT and 846 patients (48.6%) received IHD. Pooled analysis did not find significant differences in renal recovery and short‐term mortality between the two groups. Interestingly, patients underwent CRRT showed significantly shorter length of ICU stay and in‐hospital stay than those who underwent IHD (ICU stay: RR: −0.61, 95%CI: −1.10—−0.11, P < 0.05; I2 = 93.6%; in‐hospital stay: RR: −0.56, 95%CI: −1.41–0.28, P < 0.05; I2 = 97.7%). No significant publication biases were observed on the funnel plots. Conclusion. Compared with IHD, CRRT had similar effects on renal recovery and short‐term mortality in patients with renal failure in ICU. As a promising technique in clinical practice, CRRT could significantly reduce the length of ICU stay and in‐hospital stay of patients, which was of great significance for the reduction of medical costs and the long‐term benefits of patients, thereby reducing the burden on society and individuals.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Misdiagnosed as IgA Vasculitis in a Child
Authors: Amini Sheida , Jari Mohsen
Published: April 2023

Background. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) with early manifestations simulating IgA vasculitis is a very rare childhood systemic disease. Case Presentation. A 10-year-old boy presented initially with cutaneous, skeletal, and abdominal signs suggestive of IgA vasculitis. Over time, the worsening of skin ulcers, orchitis, and renal involvement led to the diagnosis of GPA according to cytoplasmic positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and renal biopsy. Conclusion. Clinicians should be awared of the diagnostic pitfalls when making a clinical diagnosis of IgA vasculitis in children older than 7 years.
BZW2 Inhibition Reduces Colorectal Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Afaq Farrukh , Bajpai Prachi , Behring Michael , Kim Hyung-Gyoon , Varambally Amith , Chandrashekar Darshan S. , Peter Shajan , Diffalha Sameer Al , Khushman Moh'd , Seeber Andreas , Varambally Sooryanarayana , Manne Upender
Published: April 2023

Because survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer remain poor, there is an urgent need to identify potential novel druggable targets that are associated with colorectal cancer progression. One such target, basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2), is involved in regulation of protein translation, and its overexpression is associated with human malignancy. Thus, we investigated the expression and regulation of BZW2, assessed its role in activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, identified its downstream molecules, and demonstrated its involvement in metastasis of colorectal cancer. In human colorectal cancers, high mRNA and protein expression levels of BZW2 were associated with tumor progression. BZW2-knockdown reduced malignant phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and spheroid and colony formation. BZW2-knockdown also reduced tumor growth and metastasis; conversely, transfection of BZW2 into BZW2 low-expressing colorectal cancer cells promoted malignant features, including tumor growth and metastasis. BZW2 expression was coordinately regulated by microRNA-98, c-Myc, and histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). RNA sequencing analyses of colorectal cancer cells modulated for BZW2 identified P4HA1 and the long noncoding RNAs, MALAT1 and NEAT1, as its downstream targets. Further, BZW2 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancers expressing wild-type β-catenin. In sum, our study suggests the possibility of targeting BZW2 expression by inhibiting EZH2 and/or c-Myc.

Implications:

FDA-approved small-molecule inhibitors of EZH2 can indirectly target BZW2 and because BZW2 functions as an oncogene, these inhibitors could serve as therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.
METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification Controls Splicing Factor Abundance and Contributes to Aggressive CLL
Authors: Wu Yiming , Jin Meiling , Fernandez Mike , Hart Kevyn L. , Liao Aijun , Ge Xinzhou , Fernandes Stacey M. , McDonald Tinisha , Chen Zhenhua , Röth Daniel , Ghoda Lucy Y. , Marcucci Guido , Kalkum Markus , Pillai Raju K. , Danilov Alexey V. , Li Jingyi Jessica , Chen Jianjun , Brown Jennifer R. , Rosen Steven T. , Siddiqi Tanya , Wang Lili
Published: April 2023

RNA splicing dysregulation underlies the onset and progression of cancers. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), spliceosome mutations leading to aberrant splicing occur in ∼20% of patients. However, the mechanism for splicing defects in spliceosome-unmutated CLL cases remains elusive. Through an integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we discover that proteins involved in RNA splicing are posttranscriptionally upregulated in CLL cells, resulting in splicing dysregulation. The abundance of splicing complexes is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Moreover, increased splicing factor expression is highly correlated with the abundance of METTL3, an RNA methyltransferase that deposits N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA. METTL3 is essential for cell growth in vitro and in vivo and controls splicing factor protein expression in a methyltransferase-dependent manner through m6A modification-mediated ribosome recycling and decoding. Our results uncover METTL3-mediated m6A modification as a novel regulatory axis in driving splicing dysregulation and contributing to aggressive CLL.

Significance:

METTL3 controls widespread splicing factor abundance via translational control of m6A-modified mRNA, contributes to RNA splicing dysregulation and disease progression in CLL, and serves as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive CLL.

See related commentary by Janin and Esteller, p. 176.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171
Association between Respiratory Function and Motor Function in Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xi Chong , Bai Xiao-Chen , Li Ce , Wang Wei-Ning , Tian Shan , Tang Yi-Lin , Shen Bo , Wang Jian , Sun Yi-Min , Zhu Yu-Lian
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Respiratory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) could present in the early stage and worsen in the late stages. These changes could be a factor affecting the ability of daily living and quality of life of patients with PD. The primary objective of this study was to assess the respiratory function and its association with motor function in patients with different stages of PD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Huashan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. The study included 65 patients diagnosed with PD (the Hoehn and Yahr scale between 1 and 4) and 20 healthy individuals of similar age, gender, weight, and height. The ventilatory function was assessed using the spirometry. Motor function was evaluated using subscale III of the United Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS-III). After confirming the normality of data distribution, we performed one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Compared with the healthy individuals, there was no statistical significance in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) in the H&Y 1 group and H&Y 2 group (p > 0.05) but reduced peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the H&Y 2 group (p = 0.002). Reduced FVC, FEV1, and PEF was seen in the H&Y 3 group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.0001, respectively). Reduced FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF25–75% was seen in the H&Y 4 group (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.025, respectively). The correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between FVC and UPDRS-III scores (r = −0.248, p = 0.046), disease duration (r = −0.276, p = 0.026), H&Y scale (r = −0.415, p = 0.001). FEV1 was negatively correlated with UPDRS-III scores (r = −0.277, p = 0.025), disease duration (r = −0.291, p = 0.019), H&Y scale (r = −0.434, p = 0.0001). FEF25–75% was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = −0.247, p = 0.047), H&Y scale (r = −0.278, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that respiratory impairment is present in moderate and advanced PD patients, and directly related to the severity of the disease. It is important to conduct respiratory function test in the clinical practice.
FPGA-based fault analysis for 7-level switched ladder multi-level inverter using decision tree algorithm
Authors: Ramalingam Nithya , Thiagarajan Anitha
Published: April 2023

The proposed method involves the fault analysis of the inverter switches present in the multi-level inverter (MLI) circuitry. The decision tree machine learning algorithm is incorporated for the fault analysis of the inverter switches. The multi-level inverter utilized in this work is a 7-level switched ladder multi-level inverter. There is 4 number of switches in the design of a 7-level inverter driven by the non-carrier digital pulse width modulation signals. The non-carried-based digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) generation is generated using the event angle for the 7-level of the switched ladder inverter. The proposed method investigates the stuck-at-fault occurrences of the 4 switches in the inverter by manipulating the decision tree parameters such as entropy, information gain, and decision tree. Based on the decision tree, the very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) code is developed by making use of the behavioral modeling and validated for the power, area in the Xilinx Vivado tool. The real-time feasibility is verified for the proposed method by synthesizing the developed VHDL code in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) device.
S11 parameter results comparison in reconfigurable antennas under simulation and measurement
Authors: Reji V. , Manimegalai C. T.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a simulation and measurement return loss parameter results comparison in frequency reconfigurable antenna is proposed. More lowprofile and compact microstrip antennas have been developed in recent years for 5 GHz, 5G, WLAN, Wi-Fi, and ISM band applications. These antenna frequency bands may be single, dual, or multiband. The small microstrip antenna, without connecting any external devices like switches, resonators, and passive elements, does not show any variations in their simulation and measurement results like return loss (S11 parameter), gain, and efficiency. However, in the S11 parameter most frequency reconfigurable antennas show a mismatch between simulation and measurement results. The reason for this mismatch between the simulation and measurement results are given in the paper.
Development of magnetic levitation system with position and orientation control
Authors: Abu Bakar Siti Juliana , J-Shenn Koay , Goh Patrick , Ahmad Nur Syazreen
Published: April 2023

This work demonstrates the design and development of a magnetic levitation (MagLev) system that is able to control both the position and orientation of the levitated object. For the position control, a pole placement method was exploited to estimate parameters of the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. In addition, the MagLev was constructed using a pair of electromagnets, two infrared (IR) receiver-emitter pairs and a servo motor to allow the orientation of the object to be controlled. The proposed controller was programmed in a LabVIEW environment, which was then compiled and deployed into an embedded NI myRIO board. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method was able to achieve a zero steady-state orientation error when the object was rotated from 0 ◦ to ±90◦ , a steady-state position error of 0.3 cm without rotation, and steady-state position errors of no greater than 1.2 cm with rotation.
TEA SAPONIN MODULATES IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PROFILE AND REDUCES METHANE PRODUCTION: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Yanza Yulianri Rizki , Mahmudah Nurhayatun , Hidayat Cecep , Jayanegara Anuraga , Fitri Ainissya , Ramadhani Fitri , Syarifah Hindun , Basri Jumin Hasan , Andrian Dedek , Melissa  , Fauziah Nurul , Adhar Effendi Leo
Published: April 2023

Saponins are secondary plant metabolites binding hydrophobic non-sugar components that can reduce ruminant methane (CH4) production. Previous studies revealed that tea saponin is one of the common sources of saponins used to reduce enteric CH4 production. However, the effect of different levels of dietary tea saponin on rumen fermentation remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tea saponin on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production through a meta-analysis approach. A total of 6 articles were selected and included in the meta-analysis database, continued by the statistical analysis using SAS software through mixed model formula. The results showed that tea saponin levels lowered in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) and in vitro dried matter degradability (IVDMD; P=0.01) by a linear response. Furthermore, increased tea saponin levels in the diet reduced enteric CH4 emission expressed as CH4/DM substrate and CH4/IVOMD by a quadratic (P=0.01) and a linear response (P=0.04), respectively. Increased tea saponin levels also tended to decrease gas production linearly (P=0.08). Tea saponins inclusion also decreased pH levels linearly (P=0.04) but increased NH3 quadratically (P=0.01). Moreover, total VFA concentration in the rumen also raised quadratically, followed by the increased acetate (C2) and propionate (C3) proportion by a linear response (P<0.05). As a result, the C2/C3 ratio was decreased in a linear response (P=0.01) by the increased tea saponin levels, where the protozoa population was also diminished by a quadratic response (P=0.01). In conclusion, tea saponin levels directly reduced enteric CH4 production by diminishing microbial populations.
Conduta obstétrica em caso de hipoplasia materna da veia cava inferior
Authors: Vieira-Coimbra Márcia , Martins Nuno Nogueira , Costa José Damasceno , Martins Francisco Nogueira
Published: April 2023

A hipoplasia da veia cava inferior é uma patologia rara que integra o conjunto de anomalias do desenvolvimento da veia cava inferior. A sua incidência situa-se entre 0,3%-0,5% na população saudável e 5% nos adultos jovens sem fatores de risco para trombose venosa profunda, sendo considerada um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de trombose dos membros inferiores. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é reportar a conduta obstétrica de um caso clínico de uma grávida diagnosticada com hipoplasia da veia cava inferior, prévia à gravidez. Trata-se de um caso clínico, de uma grávida, primigesta, com 37 anos, com hipoplasia da veia cava inferior e heterozigotia para o gene MTHFR677 diagnosticadas, na sequência de uma trombose venosa bilateral dos membros inferiores e do segmento infrarrenal da veia cava inferior. A gravidez foi seguida em consulta hospitalar na nossa instituição, tendo a grávida sido medicada com enoxaparina em dose profilática e ácido acetilsalicílico, com um período pré natal que decorreu sem intercorrências. Às 37 semanas e 6 dias de gestação, deu entrada no Serviço de Urgência de Obstetrícia por rotura prematura de membranas. Intraparto foram utilizadas meias de compressão pneumática intermitente, tendo o parto ocorrido às 38 semanas de gestação por via vaginal (parto eutócico), do qual nasceu um recém-nascido do sexo feminino, com 2620g e índice de Apgar 9/10/10. O presente caso clínico demonstra que em situações de hipoplasia da veia cava inferior com um seguimento obstétrico adequado é possível a realização de um parto vaginal, possibilitando um desfecho obstétrico favorável.
Perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos acidentes por Lepidópteros, do gênero Lonomia, atendidos no CIATox/PR, 2015-2019
Authors: Siqueira Daniel Emilio Dalledone , Luz Jéssica Beatriz Oliveira da , Lima José Henrique Figueiredo , Purim Kátia Sheylla Malta , Mendes Luana Bacellar , Nascimento Luiz Vinícius Andraus Marcondes do , Dariva Junior Nilton Marcos
Published: April 2023

Introdução: Os acidentes por lepidópteros são agravos de interesse à saúde pública e a avaliação de suas características pode contribuir para melhorar sua assistência e prevenção. Este estudo analisou o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por lagartas do gênero Lonomia no Paraná. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de base secundária realizado no Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica do Paraná (CIATox/PR), em Curitiba, no período de 2015 a 2019. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva e Teste do qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 84 acidentes por Lonomia sp. com predomínio em adultos (45,2%), do sexo masculino (59,5%), e de lesões em membros superiores (84,5%). O contato com as lagartas ocorreram na área peridomiciliar da residência habitual do paciente (72,6%), na zona rural (64,27%) da macrorregião oeste paranaense (38,1%). O verão concentrou 71,4% dos casos, seguido por primavera e outono com 14,3% dos casos, respectivamente, sem registros no inverno. As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes foram dor local (62,4%), equimose (34,1%), eritema (34,1%), edema e queimação (17,6% cada). A classificação leve mostrou uma redução entre a fase inicial e a final do processo, ao contrário da moderada e grave, que tiveram aumento significativo de casos (p=0,006). O RNI (Relação Normatizada Internacional) foi incoagulável em 16,7% dos pacientes. Dois casos apresentaram piora do quadro clínico, sendo uma evolução para acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico e um óbito. Discussão: Maior número de casos registrados na zona rural, tanto na residência habitual ou ambiente laboral, se dá pelo maior contato com o habitat das lagartas como árvores frutíferas e grandes monoculturas, o que também explica o fato de a macrorregião oeste ter o maior número de casos registrados. O aumento do desmatamento, incentivos à construção de parques públicos e plantio de árvores frutíferas na zona urbana são hipóteses para o aumento de casos nessa área. Percebeu-se que manifestações clínicas discretas podem ter uma evolução desfavorável, quando comparado estadiamento inicial e final. A realização do RNI se mostrou de grande importância na mudança de estadiamento, conduta terapêutica e diagnóstico. Conclusão: O perfil encontrado foi de acidentes por Lonomia sp. com sazonalidade no verão, em homens adultos da zona rural com gravidade moderada. Esses achados revelam a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce frente às diferentes possibilidades de evolução clínica desses acidentes. É fundamental estimular estratégias para identificação da lagarta, notificação dos casos e medidas preventivas permanentes para reduzir riscos e agravos.
Oficina culinária como estratégia didático-pedagógica interdisciplinar na formação do nutricionista
Authors: Freitas Bruna Paes Lemes , Japur Camila Cremonezi , Silva Ana Flávia de Sousa , Penaforte Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira , Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena
Published: April 2023

Os objetivos deste estudo foram relatar a experiência da utilização de oficinas culinárias como estratégia didático-pedagógica na disciplina de educação nutricional, e analisar as percepções dos estudantes quanto à interdisciplinaridade e aplicabilidade na atuação profissional, pela análise de conteúdo temática. Este é um relato de experiência da utilização de oficinas culinárias durante a disciplina de Educação Nutricional no curso de nutrição de uma universidade pública. Foram quantificados os tipos de receitas selecionadas e seus respectivos princípios dietéticos e/ou dietoterápicos. Identificamos que 80% das receitas selecionadas priorizavam o conteúdo de nutrientes dos ingredientes como princípio dietético/dietoterápico e somente 20% consideraram aspectos sensoriais e culturais. Na análise qualitativa, foram identificados três eixos temáticos: (1) O olhar do estudante sobre a oficina culinária; (2) O aprendizado da oficina culinária para sua prática profissional; (3) A racionalização da alimentação. A oficina foi considerada uma experiência inovadora e enriquecedora para a formação acadêmica, principalmente pela interdisciplinaridade. Conclui-se que o uso de oficinas culinárias como estratégia didático-pedagógica interdisciplinar nos cursos de Nutrição pode trazer benefícios na formação dos futuros nutricionistas.
Conhecimento fast track e orientação terapêutica: explorando as evidências relativas ao uso de inibidores do SRAA em pacientes hipertensos com COVID-19
Authors: Silva Filho Alberto Costa e , Silva Gabriel Oscar Santos da , Gouveia Luiz Fernando Fagundes , Vianna Paula Vilhena Carnevale
Published: April 2023

Desde março de 2020, mais de 467 milhões de pessoas se contaminaram e 6,0 milhões faleceram em decorrência da Covid-19, até 17 de março de 2022. O conhecimento acerca da etiopatogenia do vírus, das medidas de prevenção da doença e de medidas terapêuticas evoluíram rapidamente. A comprovação de hipóteses experimentou novas formas de produção e divulgação de conhecimento, que incluíram as avaliações rápidas (fast track) de artigos científicos e plataformas de acesso aberto, divulgando produções não revistas por pares, o que contribuiu para a popularização da ciência. Neste cenário, circulam informações sem fundamentação científica, que tendem a gerar insegurança.  Este ensaio, conduzido na forma de revisão narrativa, investiga um processo específico de geração e teste de hipótese, tendo como objeto a evolução do conhecimento acerca papel do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona (SRAA), mais especificamente sobre a enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2) e dos medicamentos que atuam sobre o SRAA, os inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) e os bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina (BRA), na evolução clínica dos pacientes com COVID-19 e hipertensão. O sistema cardiovascular, em especial o SRAA, logo se mostrou relevante na Covid-19.  Hipertensão é um fator de risco para gravidade e óbito por SARS-CoV-2 e a ECA2 é a porta de entrada para a invasão viral celular.  Esses achados iniciais levaram à orientação de suspensão de medicamentos que atuam sobre o SRA, decisão questionada por especialistas e revista após a condução de estudos consistentes. Reafirma-se, diante de uma condição clínica nova e desafiadora, a importância da análise crítica da literatura científica e da clareza na comunicação pública dos achados, papel a ser desempenhado por um sistema de regulação ágil e fundamentado na ciência, em parceria com as sociedades de especialistas
O processo regulatório do exercício da acupuntura no Brasil: dilemas e conflitos
Authors: Kornin Alan , Oliveira Walter Ferreira de
Published: April 2023

Embora muitas das técnicas da medicina tradicional chinesa sejam praticadas atualmente nos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde, a regulamentação da acupuntura no Brasil é conflituosa e marcada por disputas judiciais. Envolvidas nas disputas em torno do exercício profissional dessas práticas estão autarquias federais e entidades profissionais da saúde. O presente artigo analisou a constituição dos discursos de atores envolvidos no processo de regulamentação da acupuntura no Brasil em um recorte temporal histórico, referente ao período de 2000 a 2012. Foram pesquisados 228 textos nos sites institucionais de 39 entidades ligadas à medicina tradicional chinesa e, particularmente, à acupuntura. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de discurso conforme a abordagem de Dominique Maingueneau. As formações discursivas da acupuntura médica e da acupuntura multiprofissional configuram entendimentos distintos sobre a institucionalização dessa prática. A ausência de um consenso sobre a delimitação do campo de atuação do acupunturista é um obstáculo considerável para a regulamentação da prática. As questões ético-legais das delimitações do campo de atuação, a criação de diretrizes para ensino e pesquisa e o estabelecimento de parâmetros de segurança, qualidade e eficácia são desafios para a implementação da acupuntura nos serviços de saúde.
Reconstruções monumentais: rearranjos coloniais na busca de uma cidade em movimento
Authors: Celestino Tayara Barreto de Souza
Published: April 2023

This article deals with the monumental reconstructions that took place between 2020 and 2021 in the city of Japaratuba, Sergipe, from exploratory anthropological research to identify new monumentalizations in the city, compared to investigations carried out previously up to the defense of the memory shoulder thesis by the artist Arthur Bispo do Rosário with the popular cultures of the city. Colonial rearrangements can be captured by observing the distribution of monuments in a public square interested in recording the set of cultural manifestations that are heritages and resistances to the Brazilian colonial past, receiving the peculiar contours of the region of the forest region of Sergipe, presenting narratives that seek in the present to integrate the actions of people, masters and players of popular cultures.
A construção coletiva de narrativas sobre o passado: o primeiro asfaltamento de São Paulo
Authors: Vargas Diego Vasconcellos
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa inédita que visa desmitificar a questão do primeiro asfaltamento de São Paulo, em oposição à narrativa consolidada no imaginário popular paulistano que atribui este título à Avenida Paulista. Por meio de uma extensa pesquisa documental, propõe-se uma nova interpretação para o caso e, além disso, busca-se esclarecer os processos que levaram à formação da versão conhecida até hoje. Por fim, são discutidas as consequências da construção coletiva de narrativas sobre o passado sem compromisso com a verificação de informações, ou preocupações metodológicas de qualquer tipo, na sociedade contemporânea.
Arquitetura hostil: cidade para quem?
Authors: Severini Valéria Ferraz , Nunes Gabriela Parreira
Published: April 2023

O espaço público é o espaço de excelência na arte do convívio. Seus elementos físicos e sua configuração espacial ganham uma dimensão importante, pois estão intimamente ligados à forma como a cidade mostra (ou não) sua capacidade de acolher e bem receber. Este artigo tem o objetivo de abordar os conceitos de hostilidade sob uma perspectiva urbana e iniciar as discussões acerca da arquitetura hostil – um tipo de método específico de desenho urbano que (de)limita, afasta e segrega pessoas, influenciando o convívio na cidade e desencorajando determinados grupos sociais a utilizar e a permanecer no espaço público. Para tanto, propõe-se registrar e analisar dispositivos da arquitetura hostil localizados no distrito da Sé, em São Paulo, em especial na área do Triângulo Histórico. Esta é uma pesquisa de ordem aplicada, na qual se utiliza o método exploratório descritivo.
Antilhanos na Amazônia: para além das malas a religião
Authors: Oliveira Valéria de , Cabral Marcus Johnson
Published: April 2023

No início do século XX a construção da Estrada de Ferro Madeira Mamoré (1907-1912) levou para o seio da Amazônia milhares de trabalhadores atraídos pela oferta de emprego. Dentre estes destacam-se os antilhanos negros britânicos que corresponderam ao primeiro fluxo imigratório negro livre para o Brasil. Para além de suas malas, estes imigrantes também levaram sua cultura e sua matriz religiosa o que teve como consequência a implantação da primeira igreja evangélica em Rondônia. Este artigo busca efetuar uma ponte entre o início da implantação do núcleo urbano de Porto Velho e os dados do IBGE. Estes dados apontam que Rondônia, estado localizado na Amazônia brasileira, é o que tem a maior proporção de evangélicos em relação à população e, sua capital Porto Velho, ocupa a quarta posição em número de evangélicos proporcionalmente à população.
Adherence to the EAT‐Lancet Healthy Reference Diet in Relation to Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Environmental Impact: Results From the EPIC‐NL Cohort
Authors: Colizzi Chiara , Harbers Marjolein C. , Vellinga Reina E. , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Boer Jolanda M. A. , Biesbroek Sander , Temme Elisabeth H. M. , van der Schouw Yvonne T.
Published: April 2023

Background

The Healthy Reference Diet (HRD) was created to formulate dietary guidelines that would be healthy and sustainable. We aimed to construct a diet score measuring adherence to the HRD and to explore its association with cardiovascular events and environmental impact.

Methods and Results

We included 35 496 participants from the population‐based EPIC‐NL (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition‐Netherlands) study. HRD scores were calculated using data from food frequency questionnaires (0–140). Data on morbidity and mortality were retrieved through linkage with national and death registries. Data on environmental impact indicators were obtained from life cycle assessments. Associations between adherence to the HRD and cardiovascular events were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. Linear regression analysis was conducted for the adherence to the HRD and each environmental indicator. High adherence to the HRD was associated with 14%, 12%, and 11% lower risks of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR]
Q4vsQ1
, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78–0.94]), coronary heart disease (HR
Q4vsQ1
, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78–1.00]), and total stroke (HR
Q4vsQ1
, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.72–1.10]), respectively. High HRD adherence was associated with 2.4% (95% CI, −5.0 to 0.2) lower greenhouse gas emissions, 3.9% (95% CI, −5.2 to −2.6) less land use, 0.5% (95% CI, −2.6 to 1.6), less freshwater eutrophication, 3.3% (95% CI, −5.8 to −0.8), less marine eutrophication, 7.7% (95% CI, −10.8 to −4.6), less terrestrial acidification, and 32.1 % (95% CI, 28.5–35.7) higher blue water use.

Conclusions

High adherence to the HRD was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and modestly lower levels of most environmental indicators but a higher level of blue water use.
Investigating the Applicability of a Global Average Calibration Line for Ambient Size-Resolved Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Measurements: A Technical Note
Authors: Salim Rizana , Singh Aishwarya , S Swetha , Kalkura Kavyashree N. , Gopinath Amar Krishna , Raj Subha S. , K. A. Rameshchand , Krishna R. Ravi , Gunthe Sachin S.
Published: April 2023

Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interaction represents the largest uncertainty in climate change’s current and future understanding. Therefore, aerosol properties affecting the cloud and precipitation formation and their accurate estimation is a first step in developing improved parameterizations for the prognostic climate models. Over the last couple of decades, a commercially available Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) has been deployed in the field and laboratory for characterizing CCN properties of ambient or atmospherically relevant laboratory-generated aerosols. However, most of the CCN measurements performed in the field are often compounded with the erroneous estimation of CCN concentration and other parameters due to a lack of robust and accurate CCNC calibration. CCNC is not a plug-and-play instrument and requires prudent calibration and operation, to avoid erroneous data and added parameterization uncertainties. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the usability of a global calibration equation derived from CCNC calibration experiments from 8 contrasting global environments. Significant correlation was observed between the global calibration and each of the 16 individual experiments. A significant improvement in the correlation was observed when the calibration experiments were separated for high-altitude measurements. Using these equations, we further derived the effective hygroscopicity parameter and found lower relative uncertainty in the hygroscopicity parameter at higher effective supersaturation. Our results signify that altitude-based pressure change could be of importance for accurate calibration at high-altitude locations. Our results are consistent with previous studies emphasizing the criticality of the accurate CCN calibration for the lower supersaturations.
Lives Saved versus Time Lost: Direct Societal Benefits of Probabilistic Tornado Warnings
Authors: Ugarov Alexander
Published: April 2023

The National Weather Service is planning to implement the system of probabilistic tornado warnings. In this paper, I estimate and compare the full societal costs of tornadoes with existing deterministic and potential probabilistic warnings. These full costs include the value of statistical lives lost as well as the value of the time spent sheltering. I find that probabilistic tornado warnings would decrease total expected fatalities. The improvement in decision-making would also decrease the total opportunity cost of time spent sheltering, even though the total sheltering time is likely to increase. In total, probabilistic warnings should lower the societal costs of tornadoes relative to deterministic warnings by approximately $76–139 million per year, with a large portion of this improvement coming from fewer casualties.

Significance Statement

I measure societal benefits of probabilistic and deterministic tornado warnings in the United States by evaluating their effects on expected casualties and sheltering costs. I find that probabilistic warnings deliver almost twice as much net societal benefit as deterministic ones. These gains happen as a result of fewer casualties and making protective behavior more responsive to risks and sheltering costs. This paper provides additional evidence of the need to implement probabilistic extreme weather warnings.
Mechanical model and numerical simulation of the formation of karst collapse columns in the Huainan coalfield of Northern China
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Xu Guangquan , Zhang Yanxi , Tang Ming , Zhang Gang , Liu Xiaoguo
Published: April 2023

Karst collapse columns (KCCs) are channels where groundwater and gas gather, and they pose a great threat to mining safety. In this study, a mechanical model and criterion for the roof collapse of KCCs were established, and simulations were performed to analyze the formation mechanism of KCCs in the Huainan coalfield of Northern China. The results showed that the roof collapse and upward development of KCCs were facilitated by increasing the cave radius of the KCC basement and decreasing the groundwater pressure, single-layer thickness of the roof strata, lateral pressure coefficient of the rock mass, and cohesion and internal friction angle between fractures. The KCC formation process in the Huainan coalfield could be divided into four stages: (I) early collapse, (II) middle-early rapid collapse, (III) middle-late slow collapse, and (IV) late filling compaction. The simulation results were generally consistent with actual KCCs observed in the Huainan coalfield, which verified the theoretical analysis. The results of this study provide an important reference for the formation mechanism and evolution of KCCs in Northern China.
Classroom Virtual Reality for Students With Disabilities: A Preliminary Guide to Available Virtual Content
Authors: Carreon Adam , Criss Caitlin , Mosher Maggie
Published: April 2023

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology that is rapidly gaining popularity in and out of the classroom. With improvements in hardware and software technology and the push for one-to-one computing, teachers have access to innovative VR supports and resources. These innovative technologies have the potential to improve instruction for diverse learners in today’s classroom, particularly students with identified disabilities. VR, as an interactive and visual tool, provides teachers with the ability to support and enhance traditional classroom materials for students, particularly those with disabilities. However, teacher time is often compromised and finding new technology can be daunting. This article intends to assist educators in utilizing VR in the classroom, with minimal effort and money. Using a detailed vignette, we guide the reader through a detailed example of how VR apps can be located and implemented for students with disabilities who struggle with motivation and engagement through experiential learning. Finally, we offer additional apps and their delivery devices as a starting point for teachers to begin creating more immersive and interactive content through VR technology.
Fishers of song: Music education and community in Andavadoaka, Madagascar
Authors: Douglass Scott Gray
Published: April 2023

What might pre-service music teachers learn by stepping outside the formal curriculum? In between semesters student teaching in New York City, I investigated music education practices in the Vezo fishing village of Andavadoaka, Madagascar. By investigating how this community practices advanced musicianship learned primarily outside the classroom, I aimed to understand what formal music educators can do to improve musicianship in our communities. This research focuses on the teaching and learning of music as observed through one community institution (the Catholic school) and three knowledgeable, local music makers (Gustin, Felicia, and Sylvera). Through ethnography and oral history, I asked, what is the relationship between community and music education practices in Andavadoaka? And, how do my observations as a cultural outsider provide insight into the relationship between community and music education practices in the formal, school settings where I was learning to teach? Three themes emerged from these experiences. By imbuing our classrooms with a participatory ethos, practicing music in a richer cultural context, and tapping into the social networks inhabited by our students, we can musically develop our communities far beyond their current limits.
Use of accelerometers in determining risk of falls in individuals post-stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Clark Elizabeth , Podschun Laura , Church Kelsie , Fleagle Aaron , Hull Paige , Ohree Samantha , Springfield Merebeth , Wood Shelby
Published: April 2023

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to determine if the diagnostic capabilities of wearable accelerometers enhanced, provided earlier detection, or improved fall risk assessment when evaluating individuals with chronic stroke.

Data sources

CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched for articles from 2015 to 2023 utilizing key terms.

Review methods

A team of researchers reviewed articles for bias via the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool, and further analyzed the data to answer the research question.

Results

Four studies were included in the systematic review. When utilizing an accelerometer, the vertical axis was most predictive of falls, followed by the medio-lateral axis and the anterior-posterior axis. L2-3 was the most common accelerometer placement for fall risk assessment, however no uniformity existed in the literature on placement, number of accelerometers, or type. It was determined that gait symmetry, the Timed Up and Go, Berg Balance Scale, and Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam best predicted falls risk.

Conclusion

Based on limited available evidence, clinicians should continue to perform a comprehensive examination and evaluation for fall risk, that includes the use of a combination of evidence-based outcome measures and gait characteristics to develop an individualized plan of care for individuals post-stroke. However, further research is necessary to determine the added value of accelerometers as well as type, applicability of data, and placement.
Congenital candidiasis in a full-term infant: A case report
Authors: Zhao He-Hua , Zhe-Zhou  , Lu Lu , Zhao Yong-Ze , Yang Li-Jun , Ding Ying-Xue
Published: April 2023

Congenital systemic candidiasis is a rare disease observed in both full-term and preterm infants. It can occur with or without congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) and to date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report here, a case of a full-term newborn who presented with diffuse skin eruptions at birth. Blood, urine, and skin scraping cultures were positive and the aetiological agent was Candida albicans. After six weeks of anti-fungal treatment with fluconazole, the newborn was cured. Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing complications caused by candidiasis in newborns.
Evaluation of the Impact of Work Zone Traffic Control Devices on Change of Speed Using the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study
Authors: Hallmark Shauna , Basulto-Elias Guillermo , Oneyear Nicole , Goswamy Amrita , Thapa Raju , Chrysler Susan T. , Smadi Omar
Published: April 2023

Speeding is a major concern in work zones and a major contributor to work zone crashes. Around 71.4% of fatal work zone crashes are speeding-related compared with 30% of fatal crashes overall. Addressing speeding in work zones is therefore critical to improving work zone safety. This study utilized data from the second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study to evaluate the impact of traffic control devices (TCDs) on reducing driver speed in work zones. Time series data assessed changes in speed for 380 drivers over 104 unique work zones on four- or multilane roadways. Speed change was measured for single-point TCDs encountered in the work zones (i.e., signing, changeable message signs [CMSs]), and estimated using a linear mixed-effect model. Results indicated speeds reduced by 4.0 mph for dynamic speed feedback signs (DSFSs), 2.3 mph for speed limit signs (both regular and work zone), 2.2 mph with trailer-mounted- and 1.2 mph for active overhead CMSs, 2.8 mph for arrow boards, and up to 2 mph for other static work zone sign types. Driver characteristics (i.e., age, gender, glance location, cell phone use) were included in initial models but were not statistically significant, probably because of sample size. For instance, simple statics indicated that drivers engaged in a cell phone task had a decrease of only 1 mph when encountering a DSFS whereas drivers not engaged in a cell phone task decreased speed by over 4 mph. However, only seven drivers were engaged in a cell phone task when encountering a DSFS—probably too small to detect statistical significance.