bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Избаирова Алия , Альтаева Жанар , Нуржаубаев Мейрам , Әлиакбарқызы Дана
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрена текущая ситуация по транспортной  безопасности, проанализированы нарушения безопасности движения на железнодорожном транспорте, составлены графики нарушения безопасности движения по всем участникам перевозочного  процесса за 12 месяцев 2022 года, динамика нарушений безопасности движения по АО «НК «КТЖ» и ДО за 3 года. Проанализировав нарушения безопасности движения всех участников перевозочного процесса выявлены основные причины допущенных нарушений безопасности движения, из которых можно выделить внешние и внутренние причины. К внешним причинам относим третьи лица, а к внутренним – такие показатели, как: инфраструктуру, подвижной состав, человеческий фактор (жд персонал). Для предупреждения нарушения безопасности движения ревизорским аппаратом АО НК КТЖ систематически проводятся следующие мероприятия по контролю выполнения обязательных требований технологии производственных процессов; правил ведения поезда; нормативных указаний по содержанию и эксплуатации устройств магистральной инфраструктуры. Подводя итоги анализа НБД, можно выделить приоритеты, которые направлены на обеспечение безопасности движения поездов, к которым можно отнести следующее:
- снижение инцидентов по наезду на посторонних людей;
- снижение случаев ДТП на переездах;
- повышение уровня надежности устройств магистральной инфраструктуры;
- повышение уровня надежности подвижного состава;
- обновление устройств магистральной инфраструктуры и подвижного состава;
- обновление устройств безопасности;
- повышение кадрового персонала.
EKSPLORASI PERILAKU BERBELANJA DI LIVE STREAMING COMMERCE: PERAN REAKSI AFEKTIF DAN KOGNITIF TERHADAP DORONGAN BERBELANJA IMPULSIF
Authors: Frianka Anindea  , Welan Mauli Angguna  , Astika Ulfah Izzati
Published: July 2023

This study aims to test the effect of affective reactions (attractiveness, trustworthiness, expertise) and cognitive reactions (product usefulness, purchase convenience, product price) in consumers' urge to buy impulsively through live streaming in Indonesia. This research is a non-experimental quantitative study through data collection through online surveys in one data collection. This study was tested in 165 respondents who had shopped through live streaming in Indonesia with non-probability sampling techniques. Based on surveys, we knew that the most widely used platforms for watching live streaming and shopping through live streaming are the Tiktok application (which is a social commerce platform) and Shopee (which is an E-Commerce platform). The results showed that affective and cognitive reactions simultaneously and significantly were able to predict (R2 = 0.17, P< 0.05) the impulse to impulsive shopping in consumers. Attractiveness (one of the affective reactions) is the strongest predictor (B= 0.30, P< 0.05) capable of predicting the urge to buy impulsively through live streaming commerce. In future studies, it is hoped that it can use a balanced composition of male and female respondents, and there are studies that can identify why affective and cognitive reactions can influence the impulse to impulsive shopping in live streaming commerce.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh reaksi afektif (attractiveness, trustworthiness, expertise) dan reaksi kognitif (product usefulness, purchase convenience, product price) terhadap dorongan berbelanja impulsif (urge to buy impulsively) pada konsumen yang pernah berbelanja melalui live streaming di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah studi kuantitatif non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data melalui survei daring dalam satu kali pengambilan data. Studi diujikan pada 165 responden yang pernah berbelanja melalui live streaming di Indonesia dengan teknik non-probability sampling. Berdasarkan survei diketahui bahwa platform yang paling banyak digunakan untuk menonton live streaming maupun berbelanja melalui live streaming adalah aplikasi Tiktok yang merupakan platform social commerce dan Shopee yang merupakan platform e-commerce. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaksi afektif dan kognitif secara bersamaan dan signifikan mampu memprediksi (R2 = 0,17, P< 0,05) dorongan berbelanja impulsif pada konsumen. Secara khusus, attractiveness yang merupakan salah satu bentuk reaksi afektif adalah prediktor terkuat (B= 0,30, P< 0,05) yang mampu memprediksi dorongan berbelanja impulsif melalui live streaming commerce. Pada studi selanjutnya diharapkan bisa menggunakan komposisi responden laki-laki dan perempuan yang seimbang, dan ada studi yang bisa mengidentifikasi mengapa reaksi afektif dan kognitif bisa memengaruhi dorongan berbelanja impulsif di live streaming commerce.
運用選才、留任策略降低新進護理人員離職率
Authors: 陳怡君 陳怡君 , Yi-Chun Chen 周佳慧
Published: July 2023

目的：探討新進護理人員離職率高，期望有效降低離職率，提升照護品質。材料與方法：實施對象為新進三個月的護理人員，本專案執行期間自2018年1月1日至2019年4月30日，統計2017年新進護理人員離職率高達23.5% (35/149)，歸納主要離職肇因：一、工作壓力及適應；二、離家遠/偏僻，予介入策略：一、創意〝搶人大作戰〞選才招募博覽會；二、新人關懷座談會；三、多元壓力調適措施（禪繞畫、心情卡）；以及四、互動式愛的傳承卡。結果：經專案實施後，新進人員離職率由23.5% (35/149)降至至11.3% (7/62)，目標達成率高達104.3%。結論：統計2020年至2021年效果維持期仍有10.3% (9/87)~17.9%（12/67），冀望此文章之分享，可作為護理人力資源管理之參考。

 

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of a project for reducing the high turnover rate of new nursing staff. Because of the rural location of our hospital, talent recruitment and retention are challenging. The high turnover rate of nursing staff exacerbates the human resource shortage problem, which in turn increases training cost and affects quality of care. Materials and Methods: This project targeted the new nursing staff of the hospital and was implemented between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019. According to statistics, the turnover rate of new nursing staff was 23.5% (35/149) in 2017, and the main reasons for nurses leaving were (1) personal factors (e.g., work stress and adaptation difficulties) and (2) working environment–related factors (e.g., working far from home or in remote areas). Thus, a nurse retention strategy involving the following measures was formulated: a talent campaign implemented through a creative talent recruitment fair, new recruit care symposiums, and diverse work-pressure reduction measures (including the use of zentangles, mood cards, and interactive inheritance cards that are focused on love). Results: The turnover rate of new recruits decreased from 23.5% (35/149) to 11.3% (7/62), and the target retention rate reached 104.3%. Conclusion: This project is an ongoing project, and during the effective maintenance period from 2020 to 2021, the rate still increased from 10.3% (9/87) to 17.9% (12/67). The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the management of nursing staff.

 
未上市、上櫃且非興櫃公司股權交易所得課稅爭議問題研究【月旦時論】
Authors: 月旦財稅實務釋評編輯部 月旦財稅實務釋評編輯部
Published: July 2023

未上市、上櫃且非興櫃公司股權在證券交易所得停徵的情況下，很容易被用來規避房地合一稅或其他所得稅，故於2021年起對這類型的股權交易開始課稅。除了是否課稅的問題外，然而如何計算課稅的所得，更是個極具爭議性的問題，本文除了介紹目前的法規內容外，更以具體案例說明其中的爭議性。
Left Renal Failure with Lung Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Kamble Sagar
Published: July 2023

Background : Lung metastasis is a lung cancer complication that can harm a person’s lung and lessen their ability to breathe fully on exhalation and inspiration. Adrenal glands, the liver, and the pancreas will all be impacted by metastasis, and in a very small percentage of instances, the kidney will also be affected and its function hampered. Here, we describe a case of primary renal cell carcinoma with left kidney failure due to lung metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells move to different body organs from the site where they initially developed through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The fourth stage of cancer, known as metastasis, is typically when the fatality rate increases the most since it affects the body’s organs’ ability to digest food, make bone and tissue repairs, produce blood, and operate normally. Case presentation : Breathlessness, back pain, severe compensated metabolic acidosis, multiple lung metastases in the lateral lung parenchyma, and multiple metastases in the bilateral lung parenchyma were the main complaints of a 70-year-old man with known lung metastases. These appear to be a cannonball. The atrial blood gases (ABG) showed compensated metabolic acidosis, which led to the patient being intubated as a result of the body’s increased oxygen demand. The patient previously experienced a cerebral vascular stroke (which resulted in left-side paralysis), for which he received treatment eight years ago and was subsequently cured. Know the patient is on treatment injection clindamycin, injection linezolid, injection DEXA, injection pantop, injection emset, injection optineuron, tab urimax, syp. duphalac. Conclusion : it is important to take into consideration lung metastasis with primary renal cell carcinoma to left kidney failure differentiation diagnosis, especially in patients with concomitant conditions as they may lead to life-saving intervention for the patient but typically with the patient fourth stage of metastasis have less chance of survival rate. The fiveyear life expectancy for lung metastasis associated primary renal cell carcinoma is approximately seven percent (7%)
REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DOS IMPACTOS DO LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL ARQUEOLÓGICO E ANTROPOLÓGICO
Authors: Marques Aguinaldo de Jesus Moraes , De Azevedo Brenda Bandeira
Published: July 2023

Para que o processo de licenciamento ambiental ocorra, é requerido estudos em diversas áreas de pesquisa, e desta forma a arqueologia e antropologia nas diferentes etapas de implantação de empreendimentos. O presente artigo propõe a reflexão da relação pesquisador e pesquisa, analisando a partir da arqueologia preventiva as possibilidades do campo arqueológico e antropológico de modo que a abordagem deste meio seja colaborativa e sustentável. Para isso, inicialmente foi apresentado o contexto da pesquisa e seu aporte teórico, posteriormente, buscou-se discutir o potencial de influência e impacto que uma pesquisa pode ter em um local ou região.
Tonal-Atonal Equilibrium: Reginald Smith Brindle’s Harmony of Peace (1979) and El Polifemo de oro (1956)
Authors: Chandler Oliver
Published: July 2023

Reginald Smith Brindle once claimed that “a whole generation [of composers] dedicated their efforts in one way or another to the exploration of the field between tonality and atonality, and to the integration of serialism into a more accessible language.” But how was such integration actually to be achieved? Chapter 1 addresses this question from a music-theoretical perspective. In an attempt to explain how post-tonal harmonic progressions might “make sense,” Smith Brindle himself formulated theories of tension flow and tonal-atonal equilibrium in his 1966 textbook, Serial Composition. The former theory compares the number of consonant and/or dissonant intervals between chords, albeit without providing a consistent means of distinguishing between similar sonorities; the latter observes that various musical passages strike a balance between functional and non-functional harmony, albeit without explaining the nature of said balance (or, indeed, what it is for something to be functional or non-functional). While his ideas are evocative, they lack theoretical finesse. Placing them in dialogue with recent developments in post-tonal scholarship helps to unlock their potential. Joseph Straus’s theory of voice leading in set-class space, for example, defines tension flow more rigorously: coherent post-tonal progressions often move smoothly from an initial, chromatically compact set class to one that is more open and spacious. To my mind, sets of the latter type often resemble traditional seventh chords; they contain a tritone that requires resolution. If this tritone resolves to a third, then a contrapuntal resolution takes place, even if that third is housed in a dissonant harmony. Smith Brindle’s concept of tonal-atonal equilibrium neatly captures this effect—of simultaneous melodic release and increased harmonic tension. I explore the practical implications of these ideas through analysis of The Harmony of Peace from Smith Brindle’s Ten Simple Preludes (1979) and the first fragment of his El Polifemo de oro (1956). I conclude the chapter, however, with an analysis of the latter piece’s third fragment, in which tonal-atonal equilibrium is manifested by non-dodecaphonic means. Rather than clinging to serialism unthinkingly, Smith Brindle uses it as a creative spur to craft his own system and affects.
Tinjauan Kriminologis Terhadap Kasus Perkelahian Antara Oknum Anggota Organisasi Bela Diri dengan Warga Desa
Authors: Delmasius Bau Delmasius , Djara Dima Adrianus , A. Kian Darius
Published: July 2023

Perkelahian kelompok kebiasaan yang dipicu oleh beberapa anggota organisasi bela diri yakni organisasi bela diri Lima-lima dan organisasi bela diri Tujuh-tujuh (seven-seven). Organisasi bela diri Lima-lima dan Tujuh-tujuh (seven-seven) merupakan organisasi bela diri yang berasal dari Timor Leste yang dibawa masuk ke Indonesia tepatnya di wilayah Desa Numponi, Kecamatan Malaka Timur, Kabupaten Malaka. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam tipe penelitian hukum empiris yang berlokasi di Kepolisian Sektor Malaka Timur Kecamatan Malaka Timur Kabupaten Malaka. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis kemudian disajikan atau dipaparkan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan: (1) faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perkelahian antara oknum anggota organisasi bela diri dengan warga Desa Numponi yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu faktor usia, faktor dendam, amarah memiliki kontrol diri yang lemah, mengalami krisis identitas. Faktor eksternal yaitu ketersinggungan kelompok, karena rasa solidaritas, kesenjangan generasi, minuman keras yang berlebihan, lingkungan sosial masyarakat, faktor lingkungan keluarga, faktor pendidikan. (2) upaya menanggulangi kasus tersebut yakni upaya pre-emtif, upaya preventif dan upaya represif. Dari hasil penelitian penulis menarik kesimpulan dan saran yakni, kesimpulan perkelahian antara anggota organisasi bela diri ada dua faktor penyebab yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, disarankan kepada anggota- anggota organisasi bela diri Lima-lima, Tujuh-tujuh dan organisasi bela diri yang lainnya supaya dapat menguasai diri sendiri, sehingga tidak membuat rusuh dalam masyarakat, dan tidak mengganggu kenyamanan masyarakat.
Competencias emprendedoras e implicaciones educativas en contextos europeos: estudio comparado desde la perspectiva de profesionales
Authors: Fariña Sánchez María Isabel , Suárez Ortega Magdalena
Published: July 2023

A pesar de la importancia del emprendimiento como herramienta generadora de empleo, crecimiento económico y social de un país, sobre todo en época post-pandémica; y, de los programas de educación y apoyo desarrollados para favorecerlo, el porcentaje de proyectos emprendedores fracasados sigue aumentando. Entre sus causas se están aspectos financieros, estructurales y personales. Esta investigación persigue, a través de las percepciones de los y las profesionales formadores y asesores en emprendimiento, (1) caracterizar la situación del emprendimiento en cuatro países europeos con impacto emprendedor – Estonia, Irlanda, Países Bajos y Reino Unido –, (2) identificar las competencias y necesidades que hacen falta para el desarrollo de estos proyectos, y (3) destacar las buenas prácticas llevadas a cabo en los programas de Educación Emprendedora y apoyo desde una perspectiva comparada.  Se pretende establecer propuestas de mejora para el desarrollo de programas de educación y apoyo emprendedor que favorezcan el éxito de los proyectos emprendedores. La metodología es cualitativa, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 personas asesoras en emprendimiento con perfiles diversos en formación para el emprendimiento y pertenecientes a distintas entidades. El contenido fue analizado mediante el software NVivo 12 Plus, realizando los procedimientos correspondientes para el análisis de contenido de las entrevistas. Los resultados muestran, en todos los países, el gran volumen de proyectos emprendedores que se desarrollan, su distribución por género, área y sectores, y, la importancia de desarrollar competencias emprendedoras específicas y transversales. Además, también se muestra cómo, según las personas profesionales de todos los contextos, el asesoramiento individualizado, el mentoring, la formación y, las redes sociales favorecen el desarrollo de estas competencias, y cubren las necesidades emprendedoras de las personas usuarias. Este conocimiento compartido constata la necesidad de seguir trabajando en la mejora de programas de formación en competencias emprendedoras para el desarrollo y éxito del emprendimiento.
Storytelling y la Investigación-Acción para la Construcción del Aprendizaje en Alumnos de Nivel Preparatoria
Authors: Coronel Cuéllar Eugenio Francisco
Published: July 2023

La adolescencia marca pautas para construir una personalidad y tener un lugar en el mundo en el cual se pueda encajar, por lo que la comunicación social y las relaciones sociales, serán importantes para cumplir este objetivo en esta etapa, siendo las redes sociales el puente o camino para trabajarlas efectivamente. Sin embargo, las redes sociales abren una cantidad de información que los estudiantes pueden tomar o ignorar, pero es importante el poder tener en cuenta que el trabajo que puedan hacer los estudiantes al respecto, tendrá una ventaja en la construcción del mismo, dado que están expuestos a estas de manera diaria. Si se aplica una serie de actividades a elegir por parte del estudiante, para que utilicen las redes sociales y las adapten a las características de la clase, permitirá que exista un interés más auténtico en el estudiante al tenerlo inmerso en las actividades y sienta una pertenencia en la construcción de su aprendizaje.
Metodología de la simulación clínica
Authors: Orquera Miranda Paulo
Published: July 2023

La obra comparte con el lector una estructura lógica y ordenada sobre la metodología de la simulación clínica; propuesta que nace del trabajo del autor principal y la suma de talentos de los autores por capítulo. La obra trata de explicar los fundamentos metodológicos, la aplicación e integración de la simulación clínica, sumado a una sección con un atlas de casos por licenciatura. Metodología de la simulación clínica: manual en Ciencias de a la Salud es una obra innovadora en Iberoamérica que a través de sus 4 secciones y sus 13 capítulos reúne más de quince años de experiencia del autor en la implementación de estrategias didácticas en el proceso formativo de los profesionales en Ciencias de la Salud de diferentes países de Latinoamérica, como lo son Chile, Costa Rica y México. Dirigida a los profesionales que se dedican al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los nuevos profesionales en Ciencias de la Salud y a profesionales que laboran en las instituciones de salud y desarrollan programas específicos de simulación clínica en el contexto formativo hospitalario como medidas de control y prevención de actos adversos como en mejora de la calidad de la atención.
Marketing and Safety Concerns for Compounded GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Mattingly T. Joseph , Conti Rena M.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses supply and demand for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and concerns with using compounded drugs to fill this demand.
Understanding How the Interfacial Properties of ALD‐Crafted In2S3 Thin Films Promote Enhanced Formate Electrosynthesis
Authors: Van den Hoek Järi , Mathew Femi , Hintjens Lieven , De Coen Brend , Solano Eduardo , Minjauw Matthias M. , Blomme Ruben , Daems Nick , Choukroun Daniel , Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien , Breugelmans Tom
Published: January 2025

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2R) to formate is a promising technology for CO2 utilization and potential industrial application. Despite extensive research on catalyst layer design, interpreting performance is often hindered by the complexity of composite layers. In this study, plasma‐enhanced and thermal Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) are employed to fabricate In2S3 thin films on gas diffusion electrodes, creating model catalyst layers without ionomers or binders. The uniform ALD films enables fine‐tuning of hydrophobicity, underscoring its critical role at the triple‐phase boundary (TPB) and enhancing formate production via eCO2R at high current densities. For example, a thermal ALD‐deposited In2S3 thin film (150 µg cm−2) achieved a formate Faradaic efficiency of 93% at 1 A cm−2. The system exhibits high selectivity, with minimal hydrogen evolution and carbon monoxide as the sole by‐product, facilitating the determination of key electrokinetic parameters such as exchange and limiting current densities. Reaction kinetic modeling further clarified the influence of hydrophobicity on these parameters. This work provides valuable insights into the role of interfacial properties in electrocatalysis, advancing the development of efficient electrocatalysts and processes for industrial formate production.
Can the Urban Lifestyle Impact on Children BMI and Healthy Sleep?
Authors: Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Gama Augusta , Nogueira Helena , Fernandes Helder Miguel , Stabelini Neto António , Fernandes Romulo , Padez Cristina
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to (i) compare children's lifestyle by urbanization level and (ii) examine the association between children's body mass index (BMI) and the risk of having unhealthy sleep (American Academy of Pediatrics).

Methods

Eight thousand one hundred fifty‐nine children (4124 females) aged 6–9 years were observed and classified as urban or nonurban. Height and weight were measured, and the BMI was calculated. Sleep habits, sedentary behaviors (i.e., TV viewing, computer and electronic games use), and active play were assessed by questionnaire. One‐way analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and logistic regression analysis were used, with adjustments to potential confounders.

Results

Urban males were significantly less active and spent more time in all sedentary activities than their nonurban peers during the week and the weekend. Urban girls spent significantly more time than their nonurban counterparts watching TV and playing electronic games. Furthermore, both urban and nonurban children with higher BMI had a relative higher risk of having unhealthy sleep duration.

Conclusions

Findings revealed important associations between BMI and sleep duration in both urban and nonurban children. Place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of children.
Elaborate Designed Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical Conductive MOF/LDH/CF Nanoarchitectures for Superior Capacitive Deionization
Authors: He Chang , Zhang Jun , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Katsaounis Alexandros , Si Duan‐Hui , Yan Zhang , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Jiang Zhu‐Wu
Published: January 2025

Rational exploration of cost‐effective, durable, and high‐performance electrode materials is imperative for advancing the progress of capacitive deionization (CDI). The integration of multicomponent layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with conjugated conductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) to fabricate bifunctional heterostructure electrode materials is considered a complex but promising strategy. Herein, the fabrication of elaborately designed three‐dimensional hierarchical conductive MOF/LDH/CF nanoarchitectures (M–CAT/LDH/CF) as CDI anodes via a controllable grafted‐growth strategy is reported. In this assembly, carbon fiber (CF) provides exceptional electrical conductivity facilitating rapid ion transfer and acts as a sturdy foundation for even distribution of NiCoCu‐LDH nanosheets. Moreover, the well‐ordered NiCoCu‐LDH further acts as interior templates to create an interface by embedding c‐MOFs and aligning two crystal lattice systems, facilitating the graft growth of c‐MOFs/LDH heterostructures along the LDH nanosheet arrays on CF, leading to accelerated ion diffusion kinetics. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms the unique structure of M–CAT/LDH/CF promotes interfacial charge transfer from NiCoCu‐LDH to M–CAT. This enhancement accelerates ion transfer, decreases ion migration energy, and leads to better ion diffusion kinetics and a smoother Cl− shuttle. Accordingly, the asymmetrical M–CAT/LDH/CF cell exhibited superior specific capacitance (315 F g−1), excellent salt adsorption capacity (147.8 mg g−1), rapid rate (21.1 mg g−1 min−1), and impressive cyclic stability (91.4 % retention rate). This work offers valuable insights for designing heterostructure electrode materials based on three‐dimensional interconnected networks, contributing to further advancements in CDI technology.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Six‐Membered Cyclic Diaryl λ3‐Bromanes and λ3‐Chloranes
Authors: Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Kariuki Benson M. , Piscelli Bruno A. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Wirth Thomas
Published: January 2025

Despite the remarkable advancements in hypervalent iodine chemistry, exploration of bromine and chlorine analogues remains in its infancy due to their difficult synthesis. Herein, we introduce six‐membered cyclic λ3‐bromanes and λ3‐chloranes. Through single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses and conformational studies, we delineate the crucial bonding patterns pivotal for the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. Notably, these investigations reveal pronounced π–π stacking phenomena within the crystal lattice of hypercoordinated bromine(III) and chlorine(III) species. Their reactivity profile is explored as they are radical precursors or electrophilic reagents in metal‐free intermolecular biaryl couplings, O‐ and S‐arylations, and Cu(I)‐promoted intramolecular biaryl couplings which is complementary to the known reactivity of five‐membered bromanes and chloranes. Mechanistic insights are provided, elucidating the pathways governing their reactivity and underscoring the potential in organic synthesis.
Newly Described Rhodolith Bed Complex Associated With Shallow Coral Reefs of Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands
Authors: Li Lena , Goberdhan Lisa S. , Giorgi Aurora , French Beverly , Egerton Jack P. , Pollock F. Joseph , Rich Walter , Smith Jennifer E. , Fox Michael D. , Johnson Maggie D.
Published: January 2025

Rhodolith beds are biogenic marine habitats formed by aggregations of free‐living crustose coralline algae. New descriptions of rhodolith beds fill the gaps in our understanding of the global distribution and ecological significance of these understudied habitats. We provide the first characterisation of a network of rhodolith beds associated with coral reefs in the tropical central Pacific. We surveyed the shallow eastern reef flat of Palmyra Atoll to evaluate the spatial extent and biodiversity of rhodolith habitat relative to adjacent coral reefs. We mapped 15 discrete rhodolith beds that collectively covered 1.5 ha. When combined with mixed rhodolith and coral habitat that connected the beds, the total areal coverage of rhodolith habitat was ~15 ha. The benthos of rhodolith beds was markedly different from adjacent reefs. Although coral cover was low in the rhodolith beds, five genera were commonly found as free‐living coralliths. Fish abundance did not vary notably between reef and bed habitats, but rhodoliths, particularly Neogoniolithon sp., supported a higher abundance of cryptic invertebrates relative to reef rubble. The dominant rhodolith genera were Neogoniolithon and Porolithon, and a third, less frequent species was Harveylithon munitum. Neogoniolithon sp. was the most abundant and displayed a more structurally complex branching morphology than the encrusting, lobe‐forming Porolithon sp. and the encrusting H. munitum. Our description of a previously unknown rhodolith complex in a remote and protected coral reef ecosystem provides novel insights to our understanding of the persistence and function of undisturbed tropical rhodolith bed habitat.
Microbead‐based synthetic niches for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human naïve B‐cells
Authors: Suthanthiraraj Pearlson Prashanth Austin , Bone Sydney , Roh Kyung‐Ho
Published: January 2025

As the prospect of engineering primary B‐cells for cellular therapies in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases grows, there is an increasing demand for robust in vitro culture systems that effectively activate human B‐cells isolated from peripheral blood for consistent and efficient expansion and differentiation into various effector phenotypes. Feeder cell‐based systems have shown promise in providing long‐term signaling for expanding B‐cells in vitro. However, these co‐culture systems necessitate more rigorous downstream processing to prevent various feeder cell‐related contaminations in the final product, which limits their clinical potential. In this study, we introduce a microbead‐based CD40L‐presentation platform for stable and consistent activation of human naïve B‐cells. By employing a completely synthetic in vitro culture approach integrating B‐cell receptor, CD21 co‐receptor, toll‐like receptor (TLR‐9), and cytokine signals, we demonstrate that naïve B‐cells can differentiate into memory B‐cells (IgD‐CD38‐/lo + CD27+) and antibody‐secreting cells (IgD‐CD38++CD27+). During this process, B‐cells underwent up to a 50‐fold expansion, accompanied by isotype class switching and low levels of somatic hypermutation, mimicking physiological events within the germinal center. The reproducible generation of highly expanded and differentiated effector B‐cells from naïve B‐cells of multiple donors positions this feeder‐free in vitro synthetic niche as a promising platform for large‐scale production of effector B‐cell therapeutics.
Partnerships with conferences benefit stakeholders
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2025

Dan McKane has experienced 30 years of college athletics from a variety of vantage points — as student‐athlete, coach, and administrator — with each perspective preparing and informing him for his next role. Now in his 20th year as Commissioner of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, McKane understands coaches and administrators might hold onto the “common misconception that conferences primarily serve as rule enforcers or arbiters of disputes.” But he also knows from firsthand experience that “while governance is an important role, conferences are also resources for innovation, collaboration, and professional growth. “Administrators sometimes overlook how conferences can provide tools and programs that benefit their schools, staffs, and student‐athletes,” he added.
Phosphorus‐Nitrogen Heterocycles Derived from Chelating N‐Donor Ligands: Historical Advances, Recent Highlights, and Outlook
Authors: Khan Shrabani , Gilroy Joe B.
Published: January 2025

The exploration of phosphorus‐nitrogen heterocycles derived from chelating N‐donor ligands is an area of research that has lagged behind the development of similar heterocycles based on other main group elements, most notably boron. The fact that phosphorus and nitrogen are both group 15 elements and that their compounds are most commonly viewed as Lewis bases likely contributes to this observation. However, through judicious ligand design and creative use of phosphorus sources that render phosphorus as Lewis acidic and/or electron poor, a variety of heterocyclic architectures are possible. In this article, we highlight selected examples of phosphorus adducts of bidentate, tridentate, and tetradentate N‐donor ligands that have shown utility as functional molecular materials, in small molecule activation and catalysis, and as therapeutics and diagnostics in chemical biology. Finally, we look forward to the future of this emerging area and provide commentary on the unique opportunities available to researchers working within the field of phosphorus‐nitrogen heterocycle chemistry.
Hydrogen Sensing via Heterolytic H2 Activation at Room Temperature by Atomic Layer Deposited Ceria
Authors: Morales Carlos , Tschammer Rudi , Pożarowska Emilia , Kosto Julia , Villar‐Garcia Ignacio J. , Pérez‐Dieste Virginia , Favaro Marco , Starr David E. , Kapuścik Paulina , Mazur Michał , Wojcieszak Damian , Domaradzki Jarosław , Alvarado Carlos , Wenger Christian , Henkel Karsten , Flege Jan Ingo
Published: January 2025

Ultrathin atomic layer deposited ceria films (<20 nm) are capable of H2 heterolytic activation at room temperature, undergoing a significant reduction regardless of the absolute pressure, as measured under in‐situ conditions by near ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ALD‐ceria can gradually reduce as a function of H2 concentration under H2/O2 environments, especially for diluted mixtures below 10 %. At room temperature, this reduction is limited to the surface region, where the hydroxylation of the ceria surface induces a charge transfer towards the ceria matrix, reducing Ce4+ cations to Ce3+. Thus, ALD‐ceria replicates the expected sensing mechanism of metal oxides at low temperatures without using any noble metal decorating the oxide surface to enhance H2 dissociation. The intrinsic defects of the ALD deposit seem to play a crucial role since the post‐annealing process capable of healing these defects leads to decreased film reactivity. The sensing behavior was successfully demonstrated in sensor test structures by resistance changes towards low concentrations of H2 at low operating temperatures without using noble metals. These promising results call for combining ALD‐ceria with more conductive metal oxides, taking advantage of the charge transfer at the interface and thus modifying the depletion layer formed at the heterojunction.
Population Dynamics of the Exotic Flatworm Obama nungara in an Invaded Garden
Authors: Noël Shanèze , Fourcade Yoan , Roy Virginie , Bonnet Georges , Dupont Lise
Published: January 2025

Population dynamics and the way abundance fluctuates over time may be key determinants of the invasion success of an introduced species. Fine‐scale temporal monitoring of invasive species is rarely carried out due to the difficulties in collecting data regularly and over a long period. Thanks to the collaboration of an amateur naturalist, a unique dataset on the abundance of the invasive land flatworm Obama nungara was obtained during a 4‐year survey of a French private garden, where up to 1585 O. nungara were recorded in 1 month. Daily monitoring data revealed high population size fluctuations that may be explained by meteorological factors as well as intra‐ and inter‐specific interactions. Bayesian modeling confirmed that O. nungara's abundance fluctuates depending on temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Population growth seems to be favored by mild winters and precipitation while it is disadvantaged by drought. These exogenous factors affect both directly this species, which is sensitive to desiccation, and indirectly since they are known to affect the populations of its prey (earthworms and terrestrial gastropods). We also suggested the important resilience of O. nungara population in this site, which was able to recover from a drastic demographic bottleneck due to a severe drought, as well to systematic removal by the owner of the site. These findings highlight the potentially high invasiveness of O. nungara and raise concerns about the major threat these invasive flatworms pose to the populations of their prey.
Determination of the pKaH of Established Isothiourea Catalysts
Authors: Vogl Lukas S. , Bechmann Matthias , Waser Mario
Published: January 2025

Isothioureas (ITUs) represent a powerful family of (chiral) Lewis base organocatalysts. Interestingly, the Brønsted basicity of these frequently used compounds has so far not systematically been investigated. Thus, we have now determined the pKaH values of the most privileged (chiral) ITUs in acetonitrile (ACN) and DMSO by using NMR. Employing Wallace's chemical shift imaging NMR method, the herein investigated ITUs were found to be weak Brønsted bases with pKaH values in the range of 16.8–17.9 in ACN and 6.3–7.8 in DMSO.
Examining the Impact of Race and Sex on the Incidence of Positive Surgical Margins in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brady Jacob S. , Norouzi Armita , Konuthula Neeraja , Lam Austin , Marchiano Emily , Futran Neal , Barber Brittany
Published: January 2025

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of positive surgical margins (PSMs) between different races and sexes in a national cohort.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we analyzed the association between race and sex disparities and the incidence of PSMs based on data from the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database (NCDB). The NCDB includes deidentified data collected from over 1500 hospitals as part of the Commission on Cancer approvals program and represents over 70% of new cancer cases in the United States. This analysis provides minimally adjusted and further adjusted multivariate analyses of the incidence of positive surgical margins in OCSCC stratified by sex and race, disease characteristics, other demographics, comorbidities, and social determinants of health (SDOH).

Results

The incidence of PSMs was found to be elevated in black males of any age, black males under the age of 45, and in Indigenous American and native Alaskan males under the age of 45, independent of clinicopathologic factors. Specifically, black patients had a significantly higher incidence of PSMs when controlling for age, subsite, stage, grade, LVI, and CDCS. Our results remained unchanged after adjusting for the SDOH variables of insurance coverage, level of education, income, metropolitan versus urban versus rural location, distance from treatment center, and facility type.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that black males of any age, black males under 45, and Indigenous American and native Alaskan males under 45 have a higher incidence of PSMs, independent of clinicopathologic factors and SDOH. Our findings may help inform clinicians and hospitals of lapses in our healthcare system that perpetuate these inequities and further the goal of tackling disparities in surgical care.
Assessment of Bendopnea and Its Association With Clinical and Para‐Clinical Findings in Systolic Heart Failure: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Javanmardi Elmira , Reshadmanesh Tara , Gohari Sepehr , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Ahangar Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Bendopnea is a symptom found in patients with heart failure (HF) defined as shortness of breath when bending forward. The present study examined the correlation between bendopnea with other cardiac symptoms, echocardiographic findings, and cardiac function parameters.

Methods

This was a single‐center prospective cross‐sectional study of patients diagnosed with systolic HF. Medical history, bending tests, laboratory tests, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and 6‐min walking test (6‐MWT) were evaluated. Patients with reduced ejection fraction were followed to assess the 2‐year outcomes for cardiovascular death and rehospitalization.

Results

A total of 80 patients were included in this study, of whom 54 (67.5%) were male. Bendopnea was present in 34 (42.5%) and their mean age was 62.44 years (compared to group without bendopnea, p = 0.869). Symptoms of HF such as dyspnea of exertion (DOE) and orthopnea were significantly related to the presence of bendopnea (p = 0.001, odds ratio (OR): 6.87, and p = 0.016, OR: 3.18, respectively). The bendopnea‐positive group had a higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (p = 0.005). ECG results showed no significant difference between the two groups. The echocardiographic findings showed that the inferior vena cava (IVC) respiratory collapse was significantly lower in the bendopnea‐positive group (p = 0.019, OR: 0.339, 95% CI:0.13–0.85). Moreover, they had a substantially lower performance in 6‐MWT (387.39 vs. 325.58 m, p = 0.015). Neither rehospitalization nor death was related to bendopnea after a 2‐year follow‐up (p = 0.454).

Conclusion

Bendopnea was associated with several signs and symptoms of HF, including orthopnea, DOE, NYHA class, lower IVC collapse, and impaired functional capacity measured via 6‐MWT. However, there was no association between bendopnea and ECG findings, ejection fraction, and NT‐proBNP levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the associations with long‐term outcomes and confirm our findings.
Update on the treatment of canine liver disease
Authors: Butler Tom , Bexfield Nick
Published: January 2025

Background: Canine liver disease encompasses a range of different diseases and aetiologies, but the management of many of these conditions is symptomatic and supportive.

Aim of the article: This article, the second in a two‐part series, discusses general treatment principles for canine liver disease. Part one, published in a previous issue of In Practice, focused on diagnosis of liver disease in dogs.
Teaching experiences in pharmacy residency
Authors: Clements Jennifer N. , McClendon Katie , Borchert Jill , Ciapala Stephanie R. L. , Courtney Lindsay A. , Cummings Jamessa , Fallon Julianne M. , Fritz Megan Kunka , Gibson Caitlin M. , Isaacs Alex N. , Israel Emily N. , Johnson Peter , Krauter Abby , Stolte Aubrey R.
Published: January 2025

Postgraduate pharmacy residencies equip trainees with advanced clinical skills for patient care and prepare them for specialized roles in their careers. Teaching is a core responsibility for most pharmacists, yet postgraduate residency training often lacks standardization in teaching and learning experiences. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) provides residency accreditation standards; however, the activities related to teaching objectives may lack consistency across institutions and programs. The 2024 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Publications Committee updated a previous publication on standardized teaching experiences for all residencies and programs offering a teaching certificate or other teaching experiences. The current paper highlights information and activities for residency programs to promote diverse teaching experiences, including the introduction of a tier system. Postgraduate pharmacy residencies should adopt these guidelines to offer consistent teaching experiences with personalization for trainees. Residents should also inquire about the teaching components of programs to choose the best fit for their career goals. There should be a balance between standardization and flexibility in teaching experiences to prepare residents for diverse roles in clinical practice or academia.
Scaled and Weighted Laplacian Matrices as Functional Descriptors for GPCR Ligands
Authors: Goode‐Romero Guillermo , Dominguez Laura
Published: January 2025

The G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology accounts for a significant field in research, clinical studies, and therapeutics. Computer‐aided drug discovery is an evolving suite of techniques and methodologies that facilitate accelerated progress in drug discovery and repositioning. However, the structure–activity relationships of molecules targeting GPCRs are highly challenging in many cases since slight structural modifications can lead to drastic changes in biological functionality. Numerous molecular descriptors have been described, many of which successfully characterize the structural and physicochemical features of drug sets. Nonetheless, elucidating the structure–functionality relationships over extensive sets of drugs with multiple structural variations and known biological activity remains challenging in various biological systems. This work presents novel topological descriptors using Laplacian matrices, weighted, and scaled by atomic mass and partial charges. We tested these descriptors on three sets of GPCR ligands: muscarinic, β‐adrenergic, and δ‐opioid receptor ligands, evaluating their potential as functional descriptors of these receptors.
digitalMALDI: A Single‐Particle–Based Mass Spectrometric Detection System for Biomolecules
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Bryden Wayne A. , McLoughlin Michael , Ecelberger Scott A. , Cornish Timothy J. , Moore Lara P. , Regan Kyle M.
Published: January 2025

The development of a real‐time system for characterizing individual biomolecule‐containing aerosol particles presents a transformative opportunity to monitor respiratory conditions, including infections and lung diseases. Existing molecular assay technologies, although effective, rely on costly reagents, are relatively slow, and face challenges in multiplexing, limiting their use for real‐time applications. To overcome these challenges, we developed digitalMALDI, a laser‐based mass spectrometry system designed for single‐particle characterization. digitalMALDI operates as a near real‐time platform that directly samples aerosols, bypassing the need for complex and time‐consuming sample preparation. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, intact insulin protein was used as a representative target. Results showed that digitalMALDI is capable of detecting 1 pg of insulin protein in single aerosol particles, suggesting that the system has a broad application for disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and biosecurity management.
Switchable Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Green Extraction of Tea Saponins From Camellia Oleifera Seed Meal
Authors: Gong Bincheng , Shen Lingqi , Wang Yu , Li Zuguang , Zhu Guohua
Published: January 2025

Tea saponin has garnered tremendous interest for its potential use in surfactant and drug synthesis. This research was designed to develop a technique based on pH‐responsive switchable deep eutectic solvents (SDESs) for extracting tea saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meal. SDES synthesized from hexanoic acid and triethanolamine (1:1 molar ratio) offered the optimum extractive performance and the optimal conditions were obtained through single‐factor experiments: 30 wt% water content in SDES, solid‐liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, 60°C extraction temperature, 30 min extraction time, and acid volume of 1500 µL. The extraction yield was 162.14 mg/g after optimization, which increased by 15.65% and 9.47% compared to water and ethanol extraction methods, respectively. After pH adjustment, 98.95% of the tea saponins were recovered in the bottom phase. After precipitation and freeze‐drying procedures, the purity of the tea saponin solid was 62.9%.
Climate oscillations drive nutrient availability and seagrass abundance at a regional scale
Authors: Krause Johannes R. , Roden Ana , Briceño Henry , Fourqurean James W.
Published: January 2025

Seagrasses are increasingly recognized for their ecosystem functions and services. However, both natural and anthropogenic stressors impact seagrass functional traits, for example by altering nutrient regimes. Here, we synthesize 27 yr of data from regional, long‐term seagrass and water quality monitoring programs of south Florida to investigate the impacts of relative nutrient availability on seagrass abundance (as expressed by percent cover) across an oligotrophic seascape. We employ linear mixed‐effect models and generalized additive models to show that seagrass abundance is driven by interannual variations in nutrient concentrations, which are ultimately controlled by climate oscillations (El Niño Southern Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) via regional rainfall‐runoff relationships. Our study suggests that climate oscillations drive interannual variations in seagrass cover on a regional scale, with high‐rainfall years leading to increased nitrogen availability and higher seagrass abundance in typically nitrogen‐limited backreef meadows. Conversely, these periods are associated with reduced seagrass cover at the more P‐limited inshore sites and in Florida Bay, with yet unknown consequences for the provision of seagrass ecosystem services. We show that nutrient delivery from runoff can have diverging impacts on benthic communities, depending on spatial patterns of relative nutrient limitation, with some N‐limited seagrass meadows showing resilience to periodic nutrient enrichment.