bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of hydrocolloid dressing in preventing face pressure ulcers from non‐invasive ventilation and facilitating postoperative wound healing in maxillofacial surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jingqi , Gao Qian , Feng Xiaolan , Chen Yi
Published: February 2024

Facial pressure ulcers from non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) and challenges in wound healing post‐maxillofacial surgery are significant concerns in clinical care. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocolloid dressings in these contexts. From a pool of 1135 articles, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Hydrocolloid dressings demonstrated a significant reduction in facial pressure ulcers for NIV patients, with lower REEDA scores 1‐week postapplication (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −16.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −24.26 to −9.15, p < 0.01). In maxillofacial surgery, patients treated with hydrocolloid dressings exhibited improved wound healing and reduced scar formation, evidenced by lower Manchester Scar Scale scores 3 months post‐surgery (SMD = −15.46, 95% CI: −20.28 to −10.64, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that hydrocolloid dressings are effective in both preventing NIV‐related facial pressure ulcers and enhancing wound healing in maxillofacial surgery.
Predictors of mental health in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of experiential avoidance, emotion regulation and resilience
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rey Rocío , Guerra Corral Marta , Collazo‐Castiñeira Paula , Collado Silvia , Caro‐Carretero Raquel , Cantizano Alexis , Garrido‐Hernansaiz Helena
Published: February 2024

Aims

This study explores the mediational role of resilience, experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in the levels of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, we explored the association of such levels with personal and professional variables.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Healthcare professionals working in Spain (N = 786) were recruited following a snowball approach in November and December 2021. Resilience, emotion regulation, experiential avoidance, depression, anxiety, PTSD and work‐related variables were measured. Mean differences and correlations were computed, and a path analysis with latent variables (PALV) model was tested.

Results

In total, 18.8% of the sample scored above the cut‐off score for depression, 24.6% for anxiety and 36.4% for PTSD. Higher resilience and lower experiential avoidance and expression suppression were correlated with better mental health. The PALV model explained 42%–53% of mental health outcomes. Experiential avoidance showed the greatest explanatory power and mediated the impact that stressors had on mental health. Some work‐related variables correlated with greater psychological impact. These factors encompassed being a nurse, feeling that their job remained stressful and had not yet returned to its pre‐pandemic state and having interacted with individuals facing economic difficulties due to the pandemic, and those who had lost their lives to COVID‐19.

Conclusion

Healthcare workers showed high levels of psychological impact during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Such impact was predicted from some work‐stress variables and the reliance on maladaptive strategies such as experiential avoidance and expressive suppression.

Impact

Training healthcare professionals to use coping strategies incompatible with experiential avoidance may improve their mental health. Additionally, better working conditions are fundamental for reducing the impact of critical situations on healthcare workers' mental health.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
ACES: A new framework for the application of the 2018 periodontal status classification scheme to epidemiological survey data
Authors: Holtfreter Birte , Kuhr Kathrin , Borof Katrin , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Sanz Mariano , Kornman Kenneth , Jepsen Søren , Aarabi Ghazal , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas , Krois Joachim , Papapanou Panos N.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To propose a framework for consistently applying the 2018 periodontal status classification scheme to epidemiological surveys (Application of the 2018 periodontal status Classification to Epidemiological Survey data, ACES).

Proposed Framework

We specified data requirements and workflows for either completed or planned epidemiological surveys, utilizing commonly collected measures of periodontal status (clinical attachment levels [CAL], probing depths, bleeding on probing), as well as additional necessary variables for the implementation of the 2018 periodontal status classification (tooth loss due to periodontitis and complexity factors). Following detailed instructions and flowcharts, survey participants are classified as having periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. Rates of edentulism must also be reported. In cases of periodontitis, instructions on how to compute the stage and extent are provided. Assessment of grade can be derived from CAL measurements (or from radiographic alveolar bone loss data) in relation to root length and the participant's age.

Conclusions

ACES is a framework to be used in epidemiological studies of periodontal status that (i) have been completed, and in which stage and grade according to the 2018 classification are inferred retroactively, or (ii) are being planned. Consistent use of the proposed comprehensive approach will facilitate the comparability of periodontitis prevalence estimates across studies.
Effect of hot air circulation roasting temperature on the sensory property and odor characteristics of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Chen Haoshuang , He Shudong , Pei Hui , Gao Kuan , Gao Lingyan , Cao Xiaodong , Sun Hanju , Song Jiazhen
Published: February 2024

Effects of hot air circulation roasting temperature on cashew nut sensory and aroma profiles were assessed in this study. Optimal roasting at 130°C for 20 min yielded a uniform, glossy appearance and rapid water loss. Sensory and electronic nose (E‐nose) analyses indicated enhanced sweet, milky, and fatty aromas. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified more than 180 volatile compounds. Roasting at 150°C for 20 min produced a burnt aroma, with a decrease in alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons and an increase in alkanes, acids, ketones, and pyrazines. Principal component analysis distinguished between 130 and 150°C roasting samples, and key volatile compounds included phenylethanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, naphthalene, (−)‐alpha pinene, trans caryophyllene, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, 2‐methylbutyr‐aldehyde, heptaldehyde, 2,3,5‐trimethylpyrazine, and n‐octanol. Compared to traditional roasting, hot air circulation roasting offers efficiency, convenience, energy savings, and environmental benefits.

Practical applications

Cashew nuts are esteemed as a nutritious treat mainly due to their profound taste and elevated nutrient content. This research explored the influence of applying hot air circulation during the roasting procedure on various aspects of physical and chemical properties, flavor, and energy consumption. By establishing a systematic theoretical model of the process, this work can effectively manipulate the roasting parameters to attain an optimal flavor profile desirable for cashew nuts. Moreover, the efficiency of this novel approach outperforms conventional techniques, offering substantial energy cost savings, and showcasing its virtues of high efficacy, eco‐friendliness, and environmental preservation. The investigation revealed that utilizing hot air circulation leads to cashew nuts possessing a superior gustatory sensation and nutritional profile. Therefore, it can safely be stated that hot air circulation roasting could serve as an exemplary methodology for household nut manufacturing, thereby warranting further consideration of this innovative technique in private nut production.
Cell density impacts the susceptibility to ferroptosis by modulating IRP1‐mediated iron homeostasis
Authors: Yan Hong‐fa , Tuo Qing‐zhang , Lei Peng
Published: February 2024

Ferroptosis has been implicated in several neurological disorders and may be therapeutically targeted. However, the susceptibility to ferroptosis varies in different cells, and inconsistent results have been reported even using the same cell line. Understanding the effects of key variables of in vitro studies on ferroptosis susceptibility is of critical importance to facilitate drug discoveries targeting ferroptosis. Here, we showed that increased cell seeding density leads to enhanced resistance to ferroptosis by reducing intracellular iron levels. We further identified iron‐responsive protein 1 (IRP1) as the key protein affected by cell density, which affects the expression of ferroportin or transferrin receptor and results in altered iron levels. Such observations were consistent across different cell lines, indicating that cell density should be tightly controlled in studies of ferroptosis. Since cell densities vary in different brain regions, these results may also shed light on selective regional vulnerability observed in neurological disorders.

image
A Group Randomized Controlled Trial of Relationships Under Construction Sexual Risk Avoidance Education
Authors: Ashley Olivia , Shamblen Stephen R. , Gluck Andrew , Wood Catherine
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

We analyzed data from a study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Relationships Under Construction (RUC) sexual risk avoidance education program promoting positive youth development and healthy relationships.

METHODS

Twelve schools in the Midwestern region of the United States randomized to the intervention implemented RUC in health or science classes, while control schools collected study measures and implemented the standard curriculum.

RESULTS

Post‐randomization analyses revealed significant differences in grade, race/ethnicity, and prior relationship education at baseline between intervention and control students. Subsequent analyses controlled for these differences. We distributed parental notification letters to 641 students, and no parents requested that their adolescent opt out of data collection. We obtained assent and baseline computer‐assisted survey interviews or paper‐and‐pencil instrument forms from 100% of these students. Findings suggest that RUC significantly reduced sexual activity (odds ratio = 0.56, p = .046) at 3‐month follow‐up, compared to those in the control group. RUC also reduced pornography viewing and improved attitudes about delayed gratification, beliefs, decision making, and negative outcome expectations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that RUC improves sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among this population of adolescents. Additional research is needed to assess RUC impacts among diverse populations.
Speciation across biomes: Rapid diversification with reproductive isolation in the Australian delicate mice
Authors: Roycroft Emily , Ford Fred , Ramm Till , Schembri Rhiannon , Breed William G. , Burns Phoebe A. , Rowe Kevin C. , Moritz Craig
Published: February 2024

Phylogeographic studies of continental clades, especially when combined with palaeoclimate modelling, provide powerful insight into how environment drives speciation across climatic contexts. Australia, a continent characterized by disparate modern biomes and dynamic climate change, provides diverse opportunity to reconstruct the impact of past and present environments on diversification. Here, we use genomic‐scale data (1310 exons and whole mitogenomes from 111 samples) to investigate Pleistocene diversification, cryptic diversity, and secondary contact in the Australian delicate mice (Hydromyini: Pseudomys), a recent radiation spanning almost all Australian environments. Across northern Australia, we find no evidence for introgression between cryptic lineages within Pseudomys delicatulus sensu lato, with palaeoclimate models supporting contraction and expansion of suitable habitat since the last glacial maximum. Despite multiple contact zones, we also find little evidence of introgression at a continental scale, with the exception of a potential hybrid zone in the mesic biome. In the arid zone, combined insights from genetic data and palaeomodels support a recent expansion in the arid specialist P. hermannsburgensis and contraction in the semi‐arid P. bolami. In the face of repeated secondary contact, differences in sperm morphology and chromosomal rearrangements are potential mechanisms that maintain species boundaries in these recently diverged species. Additionally, we describe the western delicate mouse as a new species and recommend taxonomic reinstatement of the eastern delicate mouse. Overall, we show that speciation in an evolutionarily young and widespread clade has been driven by environmental change, and potentially maintained by divergence in reproductive morphology and chromosome rearrangements.
The origin and speciation of orchids
Authors: Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Bogarín Diego , Przelomska Natalia A. S. , Ackerman James D. , Balbuena Juan A. , Bellot Sidonie , Bühlmann Roland P. , Cabrera Betsaida , Cano Jose Aguilar , Charitonidou Martha , Chomicki Guillaume , Clements Mark A. , Cribb Phillip , Fernández Melania , Flanagan Nicola S. , Gravendeel Barbara , Hágsater Eric , Halley John M. , Hu Ai‐Qun , Jaramillo Carlos , Mauad Anna Victoria , Maurin Olivier , Müntz Robert , Leitch Ilia J. , Li Lan , Negrão Raquel , Oses Lizbeth , Phillips Charlotte , Rincon Milton , Salazar Gerardo A. , Simpson Lalita , Smidt Eric , Solano‐Gomez Rodolfo , Parra‐Sánchez Edicson , Tremblay Raymond L. , van den Berg Cassio , Tamayo Boris Stefan Villanueva , Zuluaga Alejandro , Zuntini Alexandre R. , Chase Mark W. , Fay Michael F. , Condamine Fabien L. , Forest Felix , Nargar Katharina , Renner Susanne S. , Baker William J. , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: February 2024

Orchids constitute one of the most spectacular radiations of flowering plants. However, their origin, spread across the globe, and hotspots of speciation remain uncertain due to the lack of an up‐to‐date phylogeographic analysis.

We present a new Orchidaceae phylogeny based on combined high‐throughput and Sanger sequencing data, covering all five subfamilies, 17/22 tribes, 40/49 subtribes, 285/736 genera, and c. 7% (1921) of the 29 524 accepted species, and use it to infer geographic range evolution, diversity, and speciation patterns by adding curated geographical distributions from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants.

The orchids' most recent common ancestor is inferred to have lived in Late Cretaceous Laurasia. The modern range of Apostasioideae, which comprises two genera with 16 species from India to northern Australia, is interpreted as relictual, similar to that of numerous other groups that went extinct at higher latitudes following the global climate cooling during the Oligocene. Despite their ancient origin, modern orchid species diversity mainly originated over the last 5 Ma, with the highest speciation rates in Panama and Costa Rica.

These results alter our understanding of the geographic origin of orchids, previously proposed as Australian, and pinpoint Central America as a region of recent, explosive speciation.
Ocular surface changes following computer use in post‐LASIK patients
Authors: Talens‐Estarelles Cristian , Talens‐Estarelles Clara , García‐Lázaro Santiago
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To assess the impact of computer use on the ocular surface of individuals after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods

The dry eye symptoms and ocular surface of 18 post‐LASIK young individuals and 18 controls were evaluated before and after performing a 30‐min task on a computer without (Visit 1) and with (Visit 2) initial instillation of artificial tears. Symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye questionnaire version two (SANDE II) and Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS‐Q). The ocular surface was assessed by measuring corneal higher order aberrations, tear meniscus height (TMH), conjunctival redness, blink rate and incomplete blinking, lipid layer thickness (LLT) and non‐invasive keratograph break‐up time (NIKBUT).

Results

SANDE II scores were >0 after the computer task in both groups (p ≤ 0.01). SANDE II and CVS‐Q scores did not differ between LASIK and controls (p ≥ 0.43). Greater bulbar–temporal conjunctival redness, TMH and LLT and shorter NIKBUT were found after computer use in the LASIK group (p ≤ 0.04), whereas no changes were observed in the controls (p ≥ 0.20). Lower SANDE II and CVS‐Q scores were reported at Visit 2 compared with Visit 1 in both groups (p ≤ 0.01). Likewise, no worsening of dry eye signs was observed at Visit 2 (p ≥ 0.11).

Conclusions

Ocular symptoms reported during computer use were comparable between the groups. However, a worsening of dry eye signs was mostly observed in post‐LASIK individuals. The instillation of artificial tears was effective in preventing the effects of computer use on the ocular surface in post‐LASIK patients.
Expression of Toll‐like receptors and host defence peptides in the cecum of chicken challenged with Eimeria tenella
Authors: Wang Song , Wang Danni , Bai Yilin , Zheng Guijie , Han Yanhui , Wang Lei , Hu Jianhe , Zhu Huili , Bai Yueyu
Published: February 2024

Chicken coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria protozoa, affects poultry farming. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and host defence peptides (HDPs) help host innate immune responses to eliminate invading pathogens, but their roles in Eimeria tenella infection remain poorly understood. Herein, 14‐day‐old chickens were treated orally with 50,000 E. tenella oocysts and the cecum was dissected at different timepoints. mRNA expression of 10 chicken TLRs (chTLRs) and five HDPs was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. chTLR7 and chTLR15 were upregulated significantly at 3 h post‐infection while other chTLRs were downregulated (p < .05). chTLR1a, chTLR1b, chTLR2b and chTLR4 peaked at 36 h post‐infection, chTLR3, chTLR5 and chTLR15 peaked at 72 h post‐infection and chTLR21 expression was highest among chTLRs, peaking at 48 h post‐infection (p < 0.05). For HDPs, cathelicidin (CATH) 1 to 3 and B1 peaked at 48 h post‐infection, liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 peaked at 96 h post‐infection, and CATH 2 expression was highest among HDPs. CATH2 and CATH3 were markedly upregulated at 3 h post‐infection (p < .05). The results provide insight into innate immune molecules during E. tenella infection in chicken, and indicate that innate immune responses may mediate resistance to chicken coccidiosis.
Multiomics analyses reveal the mechanisms of the responses of subalpine treeline trees to phenology and winter low‐temperature stress
Authors: Yu Dongyue , Zhang Yanjun , Dang Haishan , Zhang Quanfa
Published: February 2024

Withstanding extreme cold stress is a prerequisite for alpine treeline trees to persist and survive. However, the underlying mechanism by which treeline trees sense phenological changes and survive hard winters has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of the subalpine treeline species Larix chinensis to identify the molecular mechanism of phenological and cold resistance. Calcium and antioxidant enzyme activities (e.g., superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) are essential for coping with winter cold stress in L. chinensis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that circadian rhythm and phytohormone signalling transduction played important roles in regulating L. chinensis phenological changes and cold stress responses. The variations in the transcriptome identified were accompanied by the specific accumulation of flavones, flavonols, and monosaccharides. The flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the adaptation of L. chinensis to the extreme winter environment, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis was an important pathway involved in bud burst. In addition, temperature and photoperiod had synergistic influences on the formation and release of bud dormancy. Thus, our findings provided new insights into the mechanism of subalpine treeline formation.
Phenomenology and cognitive linguistics in dialogue: A review of Ortega y Gasset's theory of emotive gesture as metaphor
Authors: Expósito Ropero Noé , Soares da Silva Augusto
Published: February 2024

The present study pursues three objectives. First, to expose and discuss the contributions of the philosopher José Ortega y Gasset to the phenomenological study of gestures and emotive gesture. Secondly, to critically review one of the central theses defended by Ortega, according to which “every expressive phenomenon”—including, therefore, the emotive gesture—involves “a transposition, that is to say, an essential metaphor.” This thesis invites us, in the third objective, to establish a dialogue between phenomenology and cognitive linguistics (as developed by Lakoff, Langacker and Talmy), assuming an experientialist position vis‐à‐vis human reason and language, in opposition to the objectivist and formalist position of Chomsky's generative linguistics. In this interdisciplinary context, we will study the phenomenon of emotive gesture, in particular the expression of the emotion of anger, as analyzed phenomenologically by Ortega y Gasset.
Automatic labeling of facial zones for digital clinical application: An ensemble of semantic segmentation models
Authors: Tuazon Rafael , Mortezavi Siavash
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The application of artificial intelligence to facial aesthetics has been limited by the inability to discern facial zones of interest, as defined by complex facial musculature and underlying structures. Although semantic segmentation models (SSMs) could potentially overcome this limitation, existing facial SSMs distinguish only three to nine facial zones of interest.

Methods

We developed a new supervised SSM, trained on 669 high‐resolution clinical‐grade facial images; a subset of these images was used in an iterative process between facial aesthetics experts and manual annotators that defined and labeled 33 facial zones of interest.

Results

Because some zones overlap, some pixels are included in multiple zones, violating the one‐to‐one relationship between a given pixel and a specific class (zone) required for SSMs. The full facial zone model was therefore used to create three sub‐models, each with completely non‐overlapping zones, generating three outputs for each input image that can be treated as standalone models. For each facial zone, the output demonstrating the best Intersection Over Union (IOU) value was selected as the winning prediction.

Conclusions

The new SSM demonstrates mean IOU values superior to manual annotation and landmark analyses, and it is more robust than landmark methods in handling variances in facial shape and structure.
Leveraging the insights of depth: A staged strategy for building qualitative case studies of American state‐level policy
Authors: Basseches Joshua A. , Campbell Michael C. , Schoenfeld Heather
Published: February 2024

Objective

This article identifies and explains the need for qualitative case studies of U.S. state‐level public policy and politics before providing researchers with a practical roadmap for how to proceed.

Methods

We first review relevant research from political science and sociology to establish the need for qualitative policy‐focused state‐level case study research. We then lay out a three‐stage approach for case study research design and data collection.

Results

We find that qualitative case study research into state‐level politics and policy making is useful for developing original theories that move beyond those developed at the federal level, for distinguishing between states and state policies in ways that are not easily measurable, and for conducting research that attends to variation in the meaning of policy design within different state contexts. We further find that barriers to conducting such research can be reduced by following a three‐stage strategy that we elaborate.

Conclusion

State‐level policy making yields essential processes and outcomes that social scientists across disciplines want to understand. Relying exclusively on quantitative methods will result in incomplete knowledge acquisition. Qualitative case studies, while time‐consuming, are worthwhile and achievable. Researchers seeking to conduct this research can follow a three‐stage strategy to make the process more manageable.
Pseudorelative clauses, infinitives, and gerunds with Spanish perception verbs: A comparative view
Authors: Casalicchio Jan , Herbeck Peter
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we provide a comparative analysis of three constructions that occur with perception verbs like ver (“see”) in Spanish: infinitives, gerunds, and so‐called pseudorelative clauses. We analyze several phenomena regarding the transparency status of the embedded inflected or uninflected clause, such as the availability of long (i.e., matrix) passive, short (i.e., embedded) passive, the occurrence of modal verbs, embedded negation, and left‐peripheral fronting. Our data from acceptability judgment tasks and a Spanish corpus led us to postulate that, albeit their surface similarities, the three examined constructions have different syntactic structures, reflected by their structural integration and the phasal versus nonphasal status of the embedded clause: We argue that gerunds are secondary predicates, while pseudorelatives and infinitives are complements of the perception verb. With respect to the latter two configurations, pseudorelatives are defective CPs (and thus weak phases) that allow (finite) raising‐to‐object, but not raising‐to‐subject. Infinitives, on the other hand, show interspeaker variation with respect to their structural size as voiceP or TP, accounting for variable acceptability judgments.
Iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy during adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Miller David , Wang Angela , Kothandaraman Venkat , Money Dustin , Clouse Brian , Zaaqoq Akram M. , Teman Nicholas
Published: February 2024

Background

Adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients are at high risk for allogeneic blood transfusion. Few studies have characterized iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy in adult ECMO patients. We hypothesized that iatrogenic phlebotomy would be a significant source of blood loss during ECMO.

Methods

Adults who had their entire ECMO run at our medical center between 2020 and 2022 were included. Average daily phlebotomy volume and total phlebotomy volume during ECMO were estimated based on the total number of laboratory tests that were processed. In addition, the crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume during ECMO and RBC transfusion during ECMO was evaluated using linear regression and Loess curve analysis.

Results

A total of 161 patients who underwent 162 ECMO runs were included. Of the 162 ECMO runs, 88 (54.3%) were veno‐arterial and 74 (45.7%) were veno‐venous ECMO. Median duration of ECMO was 5 days [25th, 75th percentile = 2, 11]. Median daily phlebotomy volume was 130 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 94, 170] and median total phlebotomy volume during ECMO was 579 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 238, 1314]. There was a significant crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume and RBC transfusion during ECMO (beta coefficient = 0.0023 and 0.0024 respectively, both p < .001) based on linear regression analysis.

Discussion

Phlebotomy for laboratory testing is a significant source of blood loss during ECMO in adults. Comprehensive patient blood management for adult ECMO patients should include strategies to reduce laboratory testing and/or phlebotomy volume during ECMO.
Process Damping Identification Using Bayesian Learning and Time Domain Simulation
Authors: Cornelius Aaron , Karandikar Jaydeep , Tyler Chris , Schmitz Tony
Published: February 2024

Process damping can provide improved machining productivity by increasing the stability limit at low spindle speeds. While the phenomenon is well known, experimental identification of process damping model parameters can limit pre-process parameter selection that leverages the potential increases in material removal rates. This paper proposes a physics-informed Bayesian method that can identify the cutting force and process damping model coefficients from a limited set of test cuts without requiring direct measurements of cutting force or vibration. The method uses time-domain simulation to incorporate process damping and provide a basis for test selection. New strategies for efficient sampling and dimensionality reduction are applied to lower computation time and minimize the effect of model error. The proposed method is demonstrated, and the identified cutting and damping force coefficients are compared to values obtained using machining tests and least-squares fitting.
Prediction of the Waviness Error in Ultra-Precision Fly Cutting Using the Direct Integration Method
Authors: Yuan Jinchun , Li Jiasheng , Wei Wei , Ding Ye
Published: February 2024

Fly cutting is widely used in manufacturing of large-scale, high-precision optical components. However, the discontinuity of fly cutting machining leads to significant relative vibrations between the tool and the workpiece. The cutting process generates periodic waves along the cutting direction, which will deteriorate the wavefront characteristics of optical components. Based on the machining dynamics, this paper proposes a direct integration method to predict the waviness error of the machined surface. The cutting force model of fly cutting is established. The multi-mode characteristics of the spindle-tool system are measured by the experimental method. Then, the influence of uncertainties on the calculation results is analyzed by the variance-based sensitivity analysis method. Finally, the plane cutting experiment verifies that the direct integration method effectively predicts the waviness error and its variation trend, and the waviness prediction research is important for optimization of the machining parameters.
An immunogenetic basis for lung cancer risk
Authors: Krishna Chirag , Tervi Anniina , Saffern Miriam , Wilson Eric A. , Yoo Seong-Keun , Mars Nina , Roudko Vladimir , Cho Byuri Angela , Jones Samuel Edward , Vaninov Natalie , Selvan Myvizhi Esai , Gümüş Zeynep H ,   FinnGen§, Lenz Tobias L. , Merad Miriam , Boffetta Paolo , Martínez-Jiménez Francisco , Ollila Hanna M. , Samstein Robert M. , Chowell Diego
Published: February 2024

Cancer risk is influenced by inherited mutations, DNA replication errors, and environmental factors. However, the influence of genetic variation in immunosurveillance on cancer risk is not well understood. Leveraging population-level data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, we show that heterozygosity at the
human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
-II loci is associated with reduced lung cancer risk in smokers. Fine-mapping implicated amino acid heterozygosity in the
HLA
-II peptide binding groove in reduced lung cancer risk, and single-cell analyses showed that smoking drives enrichment of proinflammatory lung macrophages and
HLA
-II+ epithelial cells. In lung cancer, widespread loss of
HLA
-II heterozygosity (LOH) favored loss of alleles with larger neopeptide repertoires. Thus, our findings nominate genetic variation in immunosurveillance as a critical risk factor for lung cancer.
Sharp shift in ice age rhythm pinned to carbon dioxide
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: February 2024

Southern Ocean “pump” sparked deep freezes, new temperature record shows
Draft genome sequence of
Bacillus
sp. strain X and
Salarachaeum
sp. strain III isolated from Lake Karum, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia
Authors: Balcha Ermias Sissay , Olsson-Francis Karen , Stephens Ben , Cavalazzi Barbara , Woldesemayat Adugna Abdi , Gemeda Mesfin Tafesse , Macey Michael C.
Published: February 2024

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains of
Bacillus
and
Salarachaeum
that were isolated from hypersaline water samples collected from Lake Karum, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia. The sequences pave the way for more targeted studies into the potential biological activities and secondary metabolite synthesis of these organisms.
Metal Transport Systems in Plants
Authors: Huang Sheng , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng
Published: February 2024

Plants take up metals, including essential micronutrients [iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn)] and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd), from soil and accumulate these metals in their edible parts, which are direct and indirect intake sources for humans. Multiple transporters belonging to different families are required to transport a metal from the soil to different organs and tissues, but only a few of them have been fully functionally characterized. The transport systems (the transporters required for uptake, translocation, distribution, redistribution, and their regulation) differ with metals and plant species, depending on the physiological roles, requirements of each metal, and anatomies of different organs and tissues. To maintain metal homeostasis in response to spatiotemporal fluctuations of metals in soil, plants have developed sophisticated and tightly regulated mechanisms through the regulation of transporters at the transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional levels. The manipulation of some transporters has succeeded in generating crops rich in essential metals but low in Cd accumulation. A better understanding of metal transport systems will contribute to better and safer crop production.
Human soluble prorenin receptor expressed in mouse renal collecting duct shows sex-specific effect on cardiorenal function
Authors: Arthur Gertrude , Poupeau Audrey , Biel Katherine , Osborn Jeffrey L. , Gong Ming , Hinds Terry D. , Lindner Volkhard , Loria Analia S.
Published: February 2024

We successfully generated a humanized mouse model that expresses human sPRR in the collecting duct. Collecting duct-derived human sPRR did not change circulating sPRR and RAS levels but increased daytime BP in female mice while showing an attenuated angiotensin II-dependent pressor response. These findings may aid in elucidating the mechanisms by which women show uncontrolled BP in response to antihypertensive treatments targeting the RAS, improving approaches to reduce uncontrolled BP and chronic kidney disease incidences in women.
Serotonin therapies for opioid-induced disordered swallow and respiratory depression
Authors: Frazure Michael , Morimoto In , Fielder Nathan , Mellen Nicholas , Iceman Kimberly , Pitts Teresa
Published: February 2024

This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate sex-specific effects of opioid administration on pharyngeal swallow. We expand on a small but growing number of studies that report a lower threshold for opioid-induced respiratory depression in females compared with males, and we are the first to produce this effect with the partial μ-opioid-receptor agonist buprenorphine. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that activation of 5-HT1A receptors can improve swallow and breathing outcomes following systemic buprenorphine administration.
Eight weeks of exercise intervention improves visuomotor and functional capacity, performance, and physiological profile in a patient with choroidal melanoma
Authors: Mendes Wefelnberg Michael , Moll Madeline , von Stein Philipp , Guthoff Henning , Heindl Ludwig M. , Wawer Matos Reimer Philomena , Rokohl Alexander C. , Simon Michael , Zubac Damir , Baumann Freerk T.
Published: February 2024

Results presented here suggest that combined visual-coordinative and HIIT training improves the visual-functional capacity, performance, and physiological profile of choroidal melanoma patients during treatment recovery. This case study lays the groundwork for further research concerning exercise therapy in this unique patient population. In addition, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the combined effects of exercise and radiation therapy on vasculature and oxygenation in patients with choroidal melanoma.
Probabilistic Energy Management of DGs and Electric Vehicle Parking Lots in a Smart Grid considering Demand Response
Authors: Ghadikolaei Ebrahim Razaghi , Ghafouri Alireza , Sedighi Mohsen
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a novel model of an energy management system (EMS) for a microgrid (MG) under uncertain conditions is proposed. The MG consists of renewable photovoltaic and wind sources along with electric vehicle parking lots. Hence, the model incorporates the uncertainties of renewable DGs, parking lots, and also load. In this study, the MG operation cost and voltage stability index are considered objective functions. A novel combined algorithm (hMOPSO‐HS) is proposed for microgrid energy management. The hMOPSO‐HS algorithm is a combination of the mutant multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the harmony search (HS) algorithm. The simulations are performed in two parts, with and without considering the uncertainty. The comparative analysis involves evaluating the optimization outcomes achieved by the hMOPSO‐HS algorithm in contrast to various other metaheuristic algorithms for multiobjective optimization. The simulation findings validate the superior efficacy of the hMOPSO‐HS algorithm compared to other approaches. Also, the simulation results showed that in the conditions of uncertainty, the operating cost is 6.1% higher and the microgrid stability index is 6.8% lower. Also, considering the uncertainty has caused the penalty for energy not supplied (ENS) and demand response program (DRP) costs to increase by 3% and 4%, respectively.
Transient Lactic Acidosis and Elevation of Transaminases after the Introduction of Remdesivir in a Patient with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: André Elise , Lemaitre Florian , Verdier Marie-Clémence , Haufroid Vincent , Pereira João Pinto , Hantson Philippe
Published: February 2024

A 56‐year‐old woman was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) two days after an allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) when she presented acute respiratory distress due to the relapse of a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Following that, she received two intravenous doses of 100 mg remdesivir. Subsequently, the patient developed multiple instances of diarrhea, progressing to oliguria and acute kidney injury, necessitating continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Despite the absence of signs of hypoxemia or cardiocirculatory failure requiring vasopressor intervention, a progressive lactic acidosis emerged. Two days after the onset of lactic acidosis, a significant rise in aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase occurred, in the absence of encephalopathy and coagulation disorders. Remdesivir therapy had been interrupted upon the initial signs of lactic acidosis. Despite an improvement in liver function tests and lactic acidosis, the patient’s condition deteriorated, ultimately leading to her demise on day 29 due to newly arising hematological complications.
Exploring Lead-Like Molecules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment Quest against Aliarcobacter butzleri: In Silico Toxicity Assessment, Dynamics Simulation, and Pharmacokinetic Profiling
Authors: Basharat Zarrin , Ahmed Ibrar , Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Meshal Alotaibi , Waheed Yasir
Published: February 2024

Background. Aliarcobacter butzleri is a Gram-negative, curved or spiral-shaped, microaerophilic bacterium and causes human infections, specifically diarrhea, fever, and sepsis. The research objective of this study was to employ computer-aided drug design techniques to identify potential natural product inhibitors of a vital enzyme in this bacterium. The pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in its core genome fraction is crucial for its survival and presents a potential target for novel therapeutics. Hence, novel small molecule inhibitors were identified (from traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) compound library) against it, which may be used for possible curbing of infection by A. butzleri. Methods. A comprehensive subtractive genomics approach was utilized to identify a key enzyme (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase) cluster conserved in the core genome fraction of A. butzleri. It was selected for inhibitor screening due to its vital role in pyrimidine biosynthesis. TCM library (n>36,000 compounds) was screened against it using pharmacophore model based on orotidylic acid (control), and the obtained lead-like molecules were subjected to structural docking using AutoDock Vina. The top-scoring compounds, ZINC70454134, ZINC85632684, and ZINC85632721, underwent further scrutiny via a combination of physiological-based pharmacokinetics, toxicity assessment, and atomic-scale dynamics simulations (100 ns). Results. Among the screened compounds, ZINC70454134 displayed the most favorable characteristics in terms of binding, stability, absorption, and safety parameters. Overall, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds exhibited high bioavailability, but in diseased states (cirrhosis, renal impairment, and steatosis), there was a significant decrease in absorption, Cmax, and AUC of the compounds compared to the healthy state. Furthermore, MD simulation demonstrated that the ODCase-ZINC70454134 complex had a superior overall binding affinity, supported by PCA proportion of variance and eigenvalue rank analysis. These favorable characteristics underscore its potential as a promising drug candidate. Conclusion. The computer-aided drug design approach employed for this study helped expedite the discovery of antibacterial compounds against A. butzleri, offering a cost-effective and efficient approach to address infection by it. It is recommended that ZINC70454134 should be considered for further experimental analysis due to its indication as a potential therapeutic agent for combating A. butzleri infections. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of biophysical inhibition of A. butzleri through TCM compounds.
Inequities in the Impacts of Hurricanes and Other Extreme Weather Events for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Hathaway Cassandra A. , Carroll Judith E. , Small Brent J. , Li Xiaoyin , Hoogland Aasha I. , Castro Eida , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N. , Oswald Laura B. , Jim Heather S.L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Gonzalez Brian D.
Published: February 2024

In this minireview, we examine the impacts of hurricanes and other extreme weather events on cancer survivors, focusing on structural and social determinants of health. We briefly explore influences on biological, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and discuss risk and resilience factors in cancer survivorship during and after hurricanes. Our goal is to inform future directions for research that can identify areas in which we can most efficiently improve cancer outcomes and inform changes in health systems, clinical practice, and public health policies. This timely minireview provides researchers and clinicians with an overview of challenges and opportunities for improving disaster preparedness and response for cancer survivors.
Integrative Analyses of Tumor and Peripheral Biomarkers in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Donahue Amber C. , Braun David A. , Rini Brian I. , Powles Thomas , Haanen John B.A.G. , Larkin James , Mu Xinmeng Jasmine , Pu Jie , Teresi Rosemary E. , di Pietro Alessandra , Robbins Paul B. , Motzer Robert J.
Published: February 2024

The phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (N = 886) with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line avelumab + axitinib (A+Ax) versus sunitinib. We report novel findings from integrated analyses of longitudinal blood samples and baseline tumor tissue. PFS was associated with elevated lymphocyte levels in the sunitinib arm and an abundance of innate immune subsets in the A+Ax arm. Treatment with A+Ax led to greater T-cell repertoire modulation and less change in T-cell numbers versus sunitinib. In the A+Ax arm, patients with tumors harboring mutations in ≥2 of 10 previously identified PFS-associated genes (double mutants) had distinct circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunologic profiles versus those with wild-type or single-mutant tumors, suggesting a role for non–T-cell–mediated and non–natural killer cell–mediated mechanisms in double-mutant tumors. We provide evidence for different immunomodulatory mechanisms based on treatment (A+Ax vs. sunitinib) and tumor molecular subtypes.

Significance:

Our findings provide novel insights into the different immunomodulatory mechanisms governing responses in patients treated with avelumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) + axitinib or sunitinib (both VEGF inhibitors), highlighting the contribution of tumor biology to the complexity of the roles and interactions of infiltrating immune cells in response to these treatment regimens.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384
FIGURE 1 from Discovery and Preclinical Activity of BMS-986351, an Antibody to SIRPα That Enhances Macrophage-mediated Tumor Phagocytosis When Combined with Opsonizing Antibodies
Authors: Chan Henry , Trout Christina V. , Mikolon David , Adams Preston , Guzman Roberto , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Abbasian Mahan , Hadjivassiliou Haralambos , Dearth Lawrence , Fox Brian A. , Sivakumar Pallavur , Cho Ho , Hariharan Kandasamy
Published: February 2024

Modeling of interactions between the CD47 F-G loop and the SIRPα IgV domain, with the position of the ESE haplotype residues highlighted (magenta).
Aplikasi Teknologi Inovatif pada Pengolahan Roti Bebas Gluten
Authors: Waziiroh Elok , Murtini Erni Sofia , Yuwono Sudarminto Setyo
Published: February 2024

Permintaan roti bebas gluten terus meningkat seiring waktu. Namun, produksi roti bebas gluten memiliki tantangan. Tidak adanya gluten pada formula roti menjadikan proses produksi menjadi rumit dan karakteristik roti bebas gluten yang rendah dan tidak diterima konsumen. Modifikasi formula roti bebas gluten dengan mengombinasikan beberapa bahan dan bahan tambahan, seperti tepung/pati, protein bebas gluten, lemak, pengental, pengemulsi, pengembang, enzim, dan yeast, belum mampu menghasilkan roti bebas gluten dengan kualitas yang setara dengan roti bergluten. Oleh karena itu perlu solusi lain, yaitu mengombinasikan formula dan teknologi. Teknologi inovatif belum banyak diaplikasikan untuk pembuatan roti bebas gluten, disebabkan oleh minimnya referensi aplikasi untuk produk roti bebas gluten. Teknologi inovatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan yaitu teknologi enzimatis, pembuatan sourdough, dan teknologi nonkonvensional. Sementara itu, teknologi nonkonvensinal yang potensial untuk aplikasi roti bebas gluten, yaitu high hydrostatic pressure, ohmic heating, dan microwave heating. Pemanfaatan teknologi tersebut tentunya perlu diiringi dengan pengetahuan terkait prinsip proses dan parameter kritis. Dengan demikian, perancangan kondisi pengolahan roti bebas gluten dengan memanfaatkan teknologi inovatif dapat dirancang dengan tepat sehingga karakteristik yang diinginkan dapat terpenuhi.