bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE DEFERRED SOLUTIONS METHOD FOR FINDING OF HAMILTONIAN CYCLE ON A GRAPH
Authors: Prokopenkov Vladymyr
Published: November 2023

The subject of research is the solving of the problem of finding a Hamiltonian cycle on a graph, which belongs to the NP complexity class. The purpose of the work is to develop an effective polynomial algorithm for its optimal solving. This work is a continuation of the author's previous work, where the method of deferred solutions is proposed, which uses a iterating over acceptable solutions scheme, which is explaining by the inability to formulate conditions for directly finding the optimal solution. For a graph of n  vertices, the size of the iteration space is (n-1)!. For large values n, the time costs are unacceptably large and their reduction is required. During the operation of the deferred solutions method, until the generated solution of the problem becomes a Hamiltonian cycle, it has name – a partial solution. The scheme underlying the deferred solutions method provides: the rejection of the complete construction of all solutions, the simultaneous formation of a set of partial solutions, the discarding of unpromising solutions, the possibility of returning to deferred partial solutions if necessary, the exclusion of the loss of the optimal solution when discarding partial solutions. However, as shown, only when choosing the correct estimate of partial solutions. At first, the real length of the partial solution path was using as an estimate. For an incomplete graph of 20 vertices, the optimal solution found in 0.005 minutes, but on a complete graph of 20 vertices, the search time was commensurate with the search of all possible solutions to the problem. The article analyzes and shows that the real length of the path as an estimate is logically justified and guarantees finding the optimal solution. However, does not always guarantee the minimum time spent searching for it, since when searching through the space of acceptable solutions, a search in width scheme worked out, which entails the construction of almost all acceptable solutions. This explains the different time spent on finding the optimal solution for tests incomplete and complete graphs – the sets of acceptable solutions differ significantly. In this work, as an alternative, another estimate is proposing – the path length of the partial solution, measured in the arcs of the graph. As shown that the use of this estimate leads to a search of solutions in depth. This estimate reduces the time to find a solution, but does not guarantee an optimal result. For the successful application of the method, it is necessary to develop a new estimate of partial solutions that would combine the qualities of the estimates considered.
THE ROLE OF A MEDIATOR IN MANAGING ART PROJECT TEAMS
Authors: Rybalko Iryna
Published: November 2023

The paper reviews and analyzes approaches to the formation of project teams. The disadvantages, probability and feasibility of applying each approach to the implementation of art projects are identified. Approaches to team building and parameters for determining well-coordinated teamwork that directly affect its effectiveness are considered and analyzed. Arguments are presented for the expediency of involving a psychology specialist both for the organization as a whole and for the project team during the implementation of a specific project. Arguments are presented for the expediency of involving a mediator in projects of any field and, especially, in art projects. The roles and tasks of psychology and mediation specialists in managing art project teams are clarified in order to analyze the functional similarities and differences in their work. On the basis of this analysis, a matrix of distribution of functions is formed, which determines which of the most common situations in the work on an art project are within the competence of a psychologist, and which require the intervention of a mediator. This analysis proves the need to involve a professional mediation specialist in the implementation of art projects, along with a psychologist, for a more effective outcome in resolving conflicts and disputes, including the settlement of conflicts of interest arising in the process of negotiating and concluding agreements and contracts. This matrix can be used not only for art projects, but also as a useful tool for a project manager in the distribution of functions when engaging a mediator in projects of any kind. Two ways of involving a mediator in an art project are considered: as a full-time employee of the organization and inviting an external specialist to work on a specific project. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that it is impossible to unambiguously determine the optimal method for all art projects. Based on the priorities of the art project customer and an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the project manager chooses the method of involving a mediator in each art project separately.
INCREASING THE MAXIMUM TORQUE OF SPECIAL DC MOTORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS
Authors: Lazarev George , Rybka Yakov , Reutskyi Mykola , Kriachok Oleksandr , Shymanska Anna
Published: November 2023

In the article proposes methods of increasing the maximum torque of built-in direct current torque motors by varying their design (the diameter of the armature winding wire; the dimensions of the armature in order to increase the number of conductors located on its outer surface; by changing the winding scheme) while maintaining the connection dimensions, which is an urgent task when designing or modernizing electric motors for autonomous transport devices. A number of calculations and experiments were carried out, the analysis of which showed that when the diameter of the winding wire increases, the resistance of the armature winding decreases and, as a result, the starting torque increases, the power consumption and losses in the armature winding also decrease. But at the same time, the starting current at a constant voltage increases by more than two times, which requires an increase in the installed capacity of the power source. Increasing the diameter of the armature allows you to increase the number of conductors and the cross-section of the armature copper while simultaneously reducing the width of the magnet and reducing the magnetic flux. As a result, the starting torque of the electric motor decreases. It is shown that changing the winding scheme can significantly complicate the technological process of manufacturing a simple loop winding and a complex multi-pass wave winding with a larger number of parallel branches and can create problems with the commutation of the armature winding. The work confirmed that increasing the diameter of the winding wire is the most effective and least expensive way to increase the maximum torque of built-in DC torque motors with excitation from permanent magnets and a slotless armature design, which have found their application in devices of autonomous objects (platforms). At the same time, changes are made only in the design of the anchor - the diameter of the anchor iron is reduced and the number of turns in the section is reduced. The magnetic system, brush-collector unit, bearing shields (if available) remain structurally unchanged.
THE USE OF THE НАССР SYSTEM IN THE PRODUCTION OF MEAT PRODUCTS WITH CHLORELLA MICROALGAE
Authors: Kozhemiaka Olha , Peshuk Lyudmila , Petrenko Svetlana
Published: November 2023

In the 21st century, the lack of protein and important nutrients in the diet has become a pressing issue for humanity, prompting scientists around the world to look for alternatives and develop new food products. At the same time, the government is actively pursuing a policy that protects consumers from low-quality and unsafe food. One of these tools is the introduction of the HACCP food safety management system at food companies, which is a preventive method of preventing the negative impact of hazardous factors on the human body and the spread of food-related diseases. In this aspect, attention is focused on the hazards that can affect meat pates using the microalgae Chlorella during the cooking process. Chlorella contains macro- and micro-nutrients that are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Chlorella microalgae was used in the form of a powder (food additive) and a Chlorella wellness drink Ukrainian-made. All stages of the process were analysed, and potential hazards, causes or sources of pollution were considered at each stage. In the process of identifying risks, a risk analysis diagram and a decision tree diagram were used. The flowchart of the technological process of making meat pates with Chlorella was built. The parameters of control critical points (storage temperature of raw materials, finished products, temperature regimes of cooking) were determined, and critical limits were set for control critical points, the exceeding of which will lead to the emergence of biological hazards. For those process steps where it is impossible or impractical to measure parameters, we have defined precondition operating programs  to manage hazards. The connection between preventive methods that affect safety and obtaining a food product with specified quality characteristics, which is the basis of the state policy of Ukraine in the field of healthy nutrition, where preserving and promoting public health is a priority, was established.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF OILS FROM KERNELS OF VARIOUS APRICOT CULTIVARS OF THE ODESA REGION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CRAFT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kotliar Yevhenii , Levchuk Iryna , Chabanova Oksana , Yasko Valentina , Gladkikh Roman
Published: November 2023

It has been studied whether the kernels (endocarps) of stones obtained from apricots grown in the Odessa region (the cultivars Shablovsky, Kyivsky Ananasny, Ananasny Tsyuryupinsky, and Krasnoshchoky, and their mixture, 25 % of each variety) are prospective raw materials for fat-and-oil and beauty products. The study provides a basis for a craft technology of producing oils from the kernels of stones of various apricot cultivars harvested in the region in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The most suitable cold pressing modes (extra virgin) have been chosen for kernels obtained from different cultivars. Crushed apricot kernels should be wet-treated and heat-treated at 40–50 °C for 15–20 min. During extraction by pressing, it is recommended that the crushed kernels (mash) should not be heated above 50—60 °C for 5–7 min. The effectiveness of pressing has been established: the kernels of stones of the cultivars Shablovsky, Kyivsky Ananasny, Ananasny Tsyuryupinsky, Krasnoshchoky (harvested in 2020, 2021, and 2022) and their mixture contained 33–47 % of oil. The thickness of an oilcake piece determines the effectiveness of pressing extraction. The thinner the oilcake piece, the more effective the pressing is: the time of resistance to stress, the pressing force, and the loading rate are significantly reduced, and the produce of oil increases. Thus, the parameters of the pressing extraction stage most effective for the kernels of all the apricot cultivars are: residual oil content in the oilcake 5.0–6.0 %, oil yield 94.0 %, oilcake thickness 33.0 mm, time of resistance to stress 3.0 min, pressing force 10.0 kN, loading rate 5.0 kN/cm. The proposed technological mode of producing oils allows retaining the original fatty acid composition of the raw material to a maximum extent. The fatty acid composition of oils produced from the kernels of apricot stones and their mixtures (harvested in 2020, 2021, and 2022) being determined, the results have shown that the difference in ω-6 PUFA was 2.9 % and that in ω‑9 MUFA was 7.1 %, depending on the cultivar.
MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION PERICLASE-SPINEL REFRACTORIES TO THERMAL SHOCKS
Authors: Logvinkov Sergey , Borysenko Oksana , Ivashura Andrii , Shabanova Galina , Shumejko Vita , Korohodska Alla
Published: November 2023

In the group of periclase spinel refractories, the dynamics of demand for magnesite-chromite and chromium-magnesite refractories, which contain MgCr2O4 – magnesia-chromium spinel – in their phase composition, is changing, due to the environmental hazard of any hexavalent chromium compounds. These reasons stimulate the search for alternative refractories to replace chromium-containing ones. Periclase-spinel refractories of the MgO – MgAl2O4 system are poorly wetted by cement clinker melt and the lining made of them does not gain a garnish (coating), which is a mandatory technical requirement. It was necessary to develop a new type of periclase-spinel refractories based on more multicomponent oxide systems. At the same time, the task of ensuring their high heat resistance should be solved. Thus, the study of the mechanisms of adaptation of materials of the MgO – Al2O3 – FeO – TiO2 system, which counteract thermal stresses in refractories, is relevant. A new periclase-spinel refractory material has been developed, the phase composition of which is modified by a FeO- and TiO2-containing pre-synthesized additive. Refractories made of the developed material meet the technical requirements that determine operational reliability when used for lining high-temperature zones of rotary kilns for firing Portland cement clinker. The thermal resistance of a material is determined by its ability to withstand thermal stresses caused by the involuntary expansion/contraction of individual structural blocks of the material and causing its breakdown and subsequent destruction. Some mechanisms of adaptation are demonstrated and discussed based on the results of the analysis of X-ray and electron microscopic studies. Some of the discussed mechanisms are unconventional for the technological practice of refractory nonmetallic materials and complement the toolkit of materials scientists. The achieved results and some technological methods of ensuring thermal stability have signs of universality and can be used for various types of heterophase refractory nonmetallic materials
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED WATER ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND RHEOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MEAT PATES
Authors: Marynin Andrii , Shpak Vladyslav , Pasichnyi Vasyl , Shubina Yevgeniia , Svyatnenko Roman
Published: November 2023

Preparation of water for food production, as components for increasing the biological integrity of food products by optimizing the content of macro- and microelements with biogenic properties in water, is an urgent issue in solving the problems of water preparation and determining the parameters of this process to ensure the structuring of food systems. The influence of activated water in the composition of starch suspensions on the functional and technological properties and rheological indicators of pates using them was determined. Activated water, and to a greater extent anolyte, significantly affects the moisture-binding capacity of pates. It was confirmed that samples of pates with a starch suspension with 2% starch on activated water demonstrate an increase in this indicator: on the anolyte and catholyte, the moisture-binding capacity of the pates in relation to the weight of the sample increased by 32.39% and 2.41% before pasteurization, compared to the control sample and by 33.05% and 1.71% after pasteurization. In the samples on the anolyte, the achievement of the maximum value of the indicator 100% is observed both before and after pasteurization. In the case of pates with 5% starch, the trend is similar. The indicator of the moisture-binding capacity of pates in relation to the mass of moisture in samples with a starch suspension with 2% starch on the anolyte increased by 3.71% before pasteurization, compared to the control sample, and on the catholyte it practically did not change. The values of this indicator in all samples after pasteurization were in the range of 90-100%. It was shown that the rheological parameters, namely the shear stress value of all pate samples regardless of the dosage of starch suspension in the range of shear rate - 0-8 s-1, increased sharply, after which the curves changed their character. In samples with a suspension of 2% starch, the indicator decreased linearly, while the catholyte has a smaller effect on the change in shear stress. When adding suspension with 2% starch at zero shear rate, the initial shear viscosity of pates was higher than in the sample with 5% and the control sample. So, activated water in the composition of corn starch suspensions helps to change the functional and technological properties and rheological indicators of pates with their content, which in turn will be reflected in the consistency of meat pates.
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND FEATURES OF PRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE ALGAE PRODUCTS
Authors: Peshuk Liudmyla , Simonova Iryna , Prykhodko Daria
Published: November 2023

About 70% of the earth's surface is covered by seas and oceans. The marine environment provides a wide range of diverse natural sources. Given the lack of food resources for a healthy and active life of the world's population, the research of alternative sources of food, including marine biological resources, among which algae are the leading ones, is an urgent issue today. The increase in the global market of functional food products requires the study of new natural food ingredients. Thus, in recent years, the possibility of using algae and compounds obtained from them for the production of innovative food products has attracted worldwide interest. Traditionally, algae can be classified into three different groups: green algae (Chlorophyta), brown algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) and red algae (Rhodophyta). The need for food daily prompts us to explore more sustainable alternatives for protein raw materials. Micro- and macroalgae are rich in protein, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, vitamins and minerals. That is why in the food industry algae are used not only as ingredients, but as high-protein, vitaminized food additives, biodyes, biostimulants and growth regulators. Algae are low-calorie foods, which gives them advantages over most refined components of the diet. In addition, their wide composition of essential substances has a qualitative effect on the prevention and overcoming of many health problems, such as cardiovascular pathologies, skin diseases, hypovitaminosis, iodine deficiency. Given the increasing demand for plant-based diets enriched with protein components, algae and their by-products can be effectively used to develop new food products, providing a rich biomass as a substitute for plant-based meat alternatives.
STUDY OF FIRE LOCATION TIME IN HIGH-STORY BUILDINGS IN CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Polivanov Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The effectiveness of extinguishing a fire depends on the speed of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene and the time it will take to deliver the "first" barrel (extinguishing agent) to the location. The rapid supply of fire extinguishing agent gives a chance to localize and then eliminate the fire in the initial phase, although the result depends significantly on the action in the "first minutes of the fire". The urban settlements into appropriate groups based on population and territory using methods of cluster analysis were divided. One settlement was selected from each group of cities, and then data on fires for the period of 2020 was processed. The statistical data obtained from the operational coordination centers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, and Berdyansk, which characterize the process of extinguishing fires, namely the time of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene of the fire, the time of localization of the fire and the area of the fire, were analyzed. Statistical data were selected only for high-rise buildings. The interrelationship of the following parameters was established: burning area, building floor, time of fire localization. The obtained static data indicate that the area of fire and the time of localization increases on average from 3.5 to 6 times. The result of the data analysis provides a clear understanding of the need to improve the available means and methods (tactics) of extinguishing fires in multi-story buildings. We proposed to use the Typhoon-10 impulse fire extinguisher, which has been converted into a pneumatic gun for the discrete delivery of fire extinguishing substances placed in a special container, as the basis of firefighting tactics in multi-story buildings. Discrete delivery of fire-extinguishing substances in a container allows to reduce the time of localization of fires in multi-story buildings due to the efficiency of deployment of the installation and accurate delivery through the window opening directly to the center of the fire.
EFFECTS OF AGARICUS BISPORUS AND FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES MUSHROOMS ON QUALITY OF CHICKEN BATTERS
Authors: Fotina Tetiana , Xiong Anqi , Koshel Olena , Sabadash Sergiy , Yankovskiy Roman
Published: November 2023

It was noted the modern tendencies of the cultivated mushrooms using as a fat substitutes in the technology of low-fat meat products. It was states that variety of low-calorie, low-fat foods have come to the fore, and quickly become the mainstream of the future development of food. The mushrooms are worldwide cultivated and rich in protein, vitamins, dietary fiber, amino acids, polysaccharides, minerals, but low in fat and calories In order to develop low-fat meat products, the compound of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes mushrooms were used as fat substitute to replace the pork-back fat in chicken batters. The amino acids content of these mushrooms allows receiving a nice flavor and can be use in the minced meat. It was use a chicken meat as a well-liked raw material for emulsified products. For preparation of meat batters was used chicken breast, salt and sodium tripolyphosphate. The chicken meatballs were prepared with the cultivated mushrooms as fat-substitutes.The mushrooms were compounded to replace fat in chicken batters, and the effect of compounding these mushrooms on the quality of chicken mince was investigated to find the optimal ratio of fat replacement. The cooking loss, water holding capacity, color, texture and rheological properties of chicken batters were studied. The results showed that the compound of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes improved the texture, increased the water holding capacity, redness and yellowness, and reduced the cooking loss and brightness of chicken batters. When the ratio of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes was 2:1 to replace 30% pork-back fat, chicken batters showed the best quality. In conclusion, the combination of Agaricus bisporus and Flammulina velutipes is a promising fat substitute in the development of low-fat meat products.
Dynamics of El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Swedan Nabil
Published: November 2023

The hazards associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are documented in the literature. They include but are not limited to droughts, floods, extreme temperatures, and tropical cyclone count cycles. It appears that during ENSO warming phases, the number of typhoons increases and the number of hurricanes decreases. The opposite occurs during cold phases. The present ENSO understanding assumes that the oscillation is self driven indefinitely, which is thermodynamically unfeasible. Energy supply is required. Furthermore, features of the observed Oceanic Niño Index have remained uncaptured by ENSO models, and long-term prediction of El Niño has remained a challenge. This work reveals that the observed uneven surface warming between the hemispheres induces heat cycles in the hydrosphere, the outcome of which is El Niño events. During an event, tropical winds are practically arrested, and wind thrust and momentum fluxes produce potential energy cycles of the tropical air mass. Fluctuation of the potential energy exchanges heat with sea water in El Niño region and warm and cold episodes of ENSO manifest. Accordingly, the theoretical equation of the Oceanic NiñoIndex is derived. It is compared with observations and an agreement appears to exist. The equation is then used to calculate and project the index between 2015 and 2024. Because the uneven warming between the hemispheres is increasing, the frequency of El Niño events is expected to increase.
Sequentially fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine by Pichia kudriavzevii and bifidobacteria for Skin Care Function
Authors: Wanshu Pan , Yinglong Dai , Wei Zhang , Fangqi Yuan , Xiaoping Jian , Fangyong Fan , Ling You
Published: November 2023

To explore the feasibility of the Skin Care Function of fermentative traditional Chinese medicine, Pichia kudriavzevii strains isolated from Strong-flavor baijiu grains were used to ferment food homologous traditional Chinese medicine with the assistance of bifidobacterial. We analyzed 16 Pichia kudriavzevii strains and 13 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in the present study. Firstly, nine Chinese herbal medicines were selected according to the growth of bifidobacteria in the broth of 13 Chinese herbal medicines. The 9 Pichia kudriavzevii strains that could promote the growth of bifidobacteria were screened by sequential fermentation. The 9 Pichia kudriavzevii strains and bifidobacteria sequentially fermented the above nine kinds of traditional Chinese medicine broth according to different formulas. The broth's residual moisture rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and tyrosinase inhibition rate were detected to evaluate its skincare function. Better skin care function was found in the sequentially fermented broth of No.3 composed of Rhodiola, Raspberry, Bletilla striata, Atractylodes by YB07, and bifidobacterial, which displayed the moisture residual rate of 46.36%, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of 83.95% and the tyrosinase inhibition rate of 60.3%. Proteomic analysis by LC-MS showed that this broth contained 99 active peptides (＜1000 Da) in skin lotion. 24h skin patch and 30-day skin safety test preliminarily revealed the safety of the fermentation broth as a skin care product. This study provides a new perspective on food homologous traditional Chinese medicine for skin care products.
Detectability analysis of very low frequency earthquakes: Methods and application in Nankai using F-net and DONET broadband seismometers
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Baba Satoru , Yabe Suguru , Yamashita Yusuke , Shiomi Katsuhiko , Matsuzawa Takanori
Published: November 2023

For a more quantitative discussion of slow earthquake activity, we evaluated the detectable limits of very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs), which are seismic slow earthquakes observed in very low frequency (< 0.05 Hz) bands in the Nankai subduction zone. We performed numerical simulations using a local three-dimensional model and used the observed noise level of permanent broadband seismometers. First, we investigated the effects of the source-time functions on the maximum amplitudes of the VLFE signals at a certain station. The maximum amplitudes of the VLFE signals were controlled by the VLFE moment rate. The detectable limit of VLFEs at each source location can be defined as the lowest moment rate of detectable VLFEs, which radiate signals larger than the noise levels of any component at ≥ 3 stations. For inland seismometers only, the detectable limits of VLFEs at deep (30–40 km) and shallow (≤ 10 km) depths were 1012–1012.3 and 1012.7 Nm/s, respectively. Due to the geometrical spreading of VLFE signals and large noise levels in horizontal components, offshore seismometers improved the detectability of shallow VLFEs in regions where seismometers were densely deployed. Based on our detectability and published catalogs, shallow slow earthquakes are less active south-southwest off the Kii Peninsula, where geodetic studies expect mechanical coupling.
Integrating brain function and structure in the study of the human attentional networks: a functionnectome study
Authors: Signes Mar Martín , Paz-Alonso Pedro , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Chica Ana
Published: November 2023

Attention is a heterogeneous function theoretically divided into different systems. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has extensively characterized their functioning, the role of white matter in cognitive function has gained recent interest due to diffusion-weighted imaging advancements. However, most evidence relies on correlations between white matter properties and behavioral or cognitive measures. This study used a new method that combines the signal from distant voxels of fMRI images using the probability of structural connection given by high-resolution normative tractography. We analyzed three fMRI datasets with a visual perceptual task and three attentional manipulations: phasic alerting, N=18; spatial orienting, N=18; and executive attention, N=20. The phasic alerting network engaged temporal areas and their communication with frontal and parietal regions, with left hemisphere dominance. The orienting network involved bilateral fronto-parietal and midline regions communicating by association tracts and interhemispheric fibers. The executive attention network engaged a broad set of brain regions and white matter tracts connecting them, with a particular involvement of frontal areas and their connections with the rest of the brain. These results partially confirm and extend previous knowledge on the neural substrates of the attentional system, offering a more comprehensive understanding through the integration of structure and function.
Endothelial inflammation in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis treated with Tofacitinib
Authors: Vega María Celina De la , Riopedre Augusto Martín , Peón Claudia , Rodriguez Gonzalo , Benavidez Federico , Gomez Ramiro Adrián , Gamba María Julieta , Alfaro María Agustina , Eleta Martin , Benitez Cristian Alejandro
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Cardiovascular involvement is frequent in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The use of tofacitinib has been linked with an increment in cardiovascular events in some populations of RA patients. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET-FDG/TC) has emerged as a sensitive and specific test for the evaluation of vascular wall inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the endothelial vascular inflammation using PET-FDG/TC in patients with active RA initiating tofacitinib, at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.
Methods
Observational, prospective, multicentric study. Consecutive patients with RA with moderate/high activity, bDMARD naïve, that were to start tofacitinib were included. Clinical data, disease activity and analytics were assessed. PET-FDG/TC was performed at baseline (week 0) and at week 12 of tofacitinib treatment. Endothelial inflammation was assessed using SUVmax and TBRmax. Carotid arteries doppler ultrasonography was performed at baseline and week 12 and intima-media thickness was measured.
Results
30 patients were included. 70% female, median age 57.5 (IQR 42–65) years old, median RA duration 5 (IQR 2–12) years, Median DAS28ESR 5.24 (IQR 4.6–6.1) median CDAI 27.5 (IQR 20–34). At week 12 of tofacitinib treatment, patients showed a significant decrease in disease activity by DAS28ESR (5.21 vs 3.04, p < 0.0001) and CDAI (26.6 vs 8.80, p < 0.0001) but 18F-FDG uptake in the five evaluated areas showed no significant difference between baseline and week 12 with all explored vascular showing a SUVmax over the prestipulated threshold defining inflammation at baseline.
Conclusion
In our study, we found no change in vascular inflammation at week 12 of tofacitinib treatment, despite improvement in disease activity.
Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Illness Among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Holt Jared , Bhar Sunil , Schofield Penelope , Koder Deborah , Owen Patrick , Seitz Dallas , Bhowmik Jahar
Published: November 2023

Background: There is a high prevalence of mental illness in nursing home residents compared to older adults living in the community. This was highlighted in the most recent comprehensive systematic review on the topic, published in 2010. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to provide a contemporary account of mental illness among nursing home residents, especially in the context of a rapidly aging population and increased numbers of older adults requiring residential care.
Methods: This protocol was prepared in line with the PRISMA-P 2015 Statement. Systematic searches will be undertaken in August 2023 across six electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycNET, CINAHL, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology. Database searches will be supplemented by forward and backward citation searches of previously published reviews. Titles and abstracts of records will be screened using a semi‑automated process, facilitated by an online review management platform. The full text of selected records will subsequently be assessed to confirm inclusion criteria are met. Study selection will be recorded in a PRISMA flowchart. A pilot-tested form will be used to extract data from included studies. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data will be used to undertake quality assessments of included studies. A summary of findings table will be prepared to present key details from each included study, supported by a narrative synthesis. Random-effects meta-analyses will be performed to compute pooled prevalence estimates for mental illnesses represented in the identified studies. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I2 statistics. A Funnel plot and Egger’s test will be used to assess publication bias. The GRADE approach will be used to assess the quality of the body of evidence identified.
Discussion: The study will provide a comprehensive and contemporary account of the prevalence of mental illness among nursing home residents. Meta-analyses will provide robust prevalence estimates across a range of presentations. Key insights will be highlighted, including potential sources of heterogeneity. Implications for residents, researchers, care providers, and policy makers will be noted.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023456226
Erianin impedes the proliferation and metastatic migration through suppression of STAT-3 phosphorylation in human esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Hu Anxi , Kunkun Li
Published: November 2023

In this study, we have investigated erianin, a natural phenolic drug that impedes proliferation and metastatic migration through suppression of STAT-3 phosphorylation in human esophageal cancer cells. Eca-109 cells were treated with different concentrations of erianin (4, 8, 12 µM) for 24 hours, and then cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastatic markers were evaluated. Erianin-induced cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were examined using MTT and crystal violet staining techniques. The measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the study of apoptotic changes were conducted through flow cytometry. Furthermore, protein expression analyses via western blotting included an evaluation of JAK-STAT3, cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis-related proteins. Moreover, erianin treatment-associated MMP expressions were studied by RT-PCR. In this study, erianin treatment induces substantial cytotoxicity and ROS production based on the concentrations in Eca-109 cells. Moreover, erianin inhibits the MAPK phosphorylation, proliferation, and metastatic protein in Eca-109 cells. STAT-3 is a crucial transcriptional factor that regulates numerous downstream proteins, such as proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and metastatic proteins. In this study, erianin treatment inhibited the protein expression of IL-6, IL-10, JAK-1, and p-STAT-3 expressions leading to induce apoptosis in Eca-109 cells. Moreover, erianin inhibited the expression of proliferation, metastatic, and anti-apoptotic markers in Eca-109 cells. Hence, erianin suppressed the JAK/STAT-3 signaling pathway and demonstrates potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
A new prognostic signature of 11 E3-related genes for colon cancer related to the immune microenvironment and somatic mutation
Authors: Jiang Wanju , Dong Jiaxing , Xu Qitong , Cui Ran , Huang Zhiye , Guo Taohua , Zhang Kehui , Jiang Xiaohua , Du Tao
Published: November 2023

Background
Colon Cancer (COAD) is a common tumor in the gastrointestinal tract with a poor prognosis. It has been reported that ubiquitin-dependent modification systems influence tumor genesis and progression in various malignancies.
Methods
We collected the RNA expression data of the E3RGs from the TCGA-COAD program, used the “limma” R package to get differentially expressed E3RGs between COAD and healthy patients. Then we constructed the prognostic signature and calculated the risk score with univariate COX regression analysis and the LASSO analysis. We used a nomogram model to examine the predictive ability of the predictive model to predict OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years. Next, we explored the significance of the predictive model under the stratified analysis. At last, we used bioinformatics and statistical methods to find some potential mechanisms in COAD cancer.
Results
We screened 137 E3-related genes (E3RGs), including 89 upregulated and 48 down-regulated E3RGs. Eleven genes (CORO2B, KCTD9, RNF32, BACH2, RBCK1, DPH7, WDR78, UCHL1, TRIM58, WDR72, and ZBTB18) were identified for the construction of prognostic signatures using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and lasso regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with log-rank testing showed a worse prognosis for patients with high risk based on the constructed E3RGs-based classifiers both in the train and test sets (P = 1.037e-05, P = 5.704e-03), and the proportion under ROC curves (AUC) was significant both in training and test groups (5-year AUC, 0.728 versus 0.892). Based on a stratified analysis, this 11-ERGs signature was a novel and attractive prognostic model independent of several clinicopathological parameters (age, sex, stage, TNM) in COAD. The enrichment and TME analysis of the signature confirmed that this signature might provide insight into the molecular mechanisms in COAD cancer.
Conclusions
We developed a novel independent risk model consisting of 11 ERGs and verified the effectiveness of this model in predicting the prognosis of COAD patients, providing important insights into survival prediction in COAD and several promising targets for COAD therapy.
Dwindling Groundwater Reserves Will Threaten Mountain Streamflow in a Warmer World
Authors: Carroll Rosemary , Niswonger Richard , Ulrich Craig , Varadharajan Charuleka , Siirila-Woodburn Erica , Williams Kenneth
Published: November 2023

Groundwater storage and release in mountain systems is often ignored compounding uncertainty in how these systems may respond to climate change. To assess the importance of groundwater to mountain streamflow, we combine an extensive data network with a high-resolution, integrated hydrologic model stretching into the deep subsurface for a Colorado River headwater basin. In a warmer climate, increased forest water use reduces recharge, thereby destabilizing groundwater storage such that it cannot recover to historical levels even during simulated wet periods. Groundwater depletion significantly reduces average annual streamflow and forces the basin toward non-perennial conditions during dry water years. Groundwater declines are amplified in high-relief, conifer-dominated catchments. Upscaling model results across the region indicates concentrated risk of groundwater decline in the Colorado Headwater and Gunnison Basins. Research highlights the tight coupling of topography, vegetation and groundwater dynamics and that excluding groundwater response to warming will underestimate future reductions in mountain streamflow.
A Time-domain Runge-Kutta Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method for Scalar Wave Propagation
Authors: Zhou Fenglin , Zhao jiaao , Yu Qin , Li Wenyuan , Yu Jianghong
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the dual reciprocity boundary element method combined with the Runge- Kutta method is applied to solve the acoustic radiation problem. In the dual reciprocity scheme, the radial basis function is introduced to transform the equivalent integral equation into an equivalent integral equation of a pure boundary form. After the boundary elements discretization, the second-ordered ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained. Furthermore, these ODEs are transformed into first-order ODEs (Euler equations) by introducing a median variable. The Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order is applied to solve these Euler equations. Two numerical examples of acoustic problems on different structures are presented to illustrate the validity and the accuracy of the proposed method.
Bones embedded in muscles structure-inspired flexible wide-range multidimensional force sensors
Authors: Hou Xiaojuan , Zhang Jie , Qian Shuo , Huo Jiabing , Yuan Mengjiao , Duan Zhigang , Song Xiaoguang , Wu Hui , Shi Shuzheng , geng wenping , Mu Jiliang , He Jian , Chou Xiujian
Published: November 2023

Flexible sensors have been widely studied in motion monitoring, human-machine interaction (HMI), personalized medicine, and soft intelligent robots. However, their practical application is limited by the low output performance, the narrow measuring range, and the unidirectional force detection. Here, to achieve flexibility and high performance simultaneously, we developed a flexible wide-range multidimensional force sensor (FWMFS) like bones embedded in muscles structure. The adjustable magnetic field renders FWMFS with multidimensional perception for detecting forces in different directions. The multilayer stacked coils significantly improve the output from µV to mV level while ensuring FWMFS miniaturization. The optimized FWMFS exhibits a high voltage sensitivity of 0.227mV/N (0.5-8.4N) and 0.047mV/N (8.4-60N) responding to normal forces in the range 0 to 60N and can detect the lateral force with a range of 0.2-1.1N, a voltage sensitivity of 1.039mV/N (0.2-0.5N) and 0.194mV/N (0.5-1.1N). In terms of normal force measurement, FWMFS exhibits a wide range by monitoring finger pressure and sliding trajectories in response to finger taps, as well as measuring plantar pressure for assessing human movement. The plantar pressure signals of five human movement collected by FWMS are analyzed using the k-Nearest Neighbors classification algorithm with a recognition accuracy of 92%. Additionally, an artificial intelligence biometric authentication system is being developed that classifies and recognizes user passwords. Based on the lateral force measurement ability of FWMFS, the direction of ball movement can be distinguished, and communication systems like Morse code can be expand. This research has significant potential in intelligent sensing and personalized spatial recognition.
Rapid and efficient stem segment regeneration propagation system for Euonymus bungeanus
Authors: Cui Kai-Ge , Wang Hao-Lin , Quan Wen-Yue , Ye Zhuo-Zhuo , Zhao Cheng-Ri
Published: November 2023

Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. is a tree species with high ornamental, industrial, and medicinal value. Establishing a method for rapid and efficient regeneration of E. bungeanus is essential to achieve industrial-scale production. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid tissue propagation technique for E. bungeanus and provide a foundation for the industrial production of tissue-cultured seedlings. Using stem segments of E. bungeanus as explants, we investigated effects of explant collection time, sterilization method, various culture media, and ratios of plant growth regulators on the initiation, subculture, and rooting stages of the tissue culture process for E. bungeanus. The optimal explant collection time was mid-April; a combination of 75% ethanol for 20 s, followed by 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min was suitable for disinfection, yielding a survival rate of 55.00% for the explants. Initiation culture using the woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.2 mg L-1 of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) achieved an induction rate of 87.22% for explants. Propagation culture on ¼ WPM medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 of 6-BA and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA resulted in a propagation coefficient of 4.98. Rooting culture on ½ Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 of indole-3-butyric acid achieved a rooting rate of 78.33%. However, the rooting rate was low, indicating the need for further optimization of rooting and acclimatization. This study is the first to develop a rapid and efficient regeneration system for E. bungeanus using stem segments.
Design of Acoustic Meta-surfaces for Underwater Stealth in Low Frequency Ranges
Authors: Ranjbar Mostafa , Bayer Muhammed Umar
Published: November 2023

In this study, it is aimed to protect underwater vehicles against active sonar systems by anechoic metamaterial coating. A mixture of matrix material with close acoustic impedance to water, resistivity to hydrostatic pressure, suitability for the marine environment, and high material loss factor are selected. At low frequencies, the inclusions in different shapes and sizes are added to the matrix material. Since solid inclusions will increase the density considerably, air cavities are preferred as inclusions. More attention is paid to low frequency absorption, especially below 1 kHz, because of advancing sonar technology. The acoustic performance of the designed models is compared in three frequency range: low (0–3 kHz), middle (3–6 kHz), and high (6–10 kHz). The designed models are constructed by considering hydrostatic pressure; hence, volume of air cavities is tried to decrease while absorption performance is aimed to increase. Therefore, a conical air cavity is optimized by chancing its dimensions and location. Also, novel approaches, gong shape air cavity, and sandglass air cavities are introduced. The results show that, not only cavity shape, but also its location and dimensions are highly influential on absorption performance. High volume air cavities increase the absorption performance at the low frequency range, but they are not effective at high frequencies. The gong shape, and sandglass air cavities shows broadband absorption, also, gong shape air cavity volume is less than literature models. Thus, its usability increases at deep waters. The results of this study provide novel underwater meta surfaces for various applications.
Seasonal impact on embryogenic callus induction under subtropical conditions in banana (Musa spp. cv. Grand Naine [AAA])
Authors: Marimuthu Kumaravel , Patel Prashanti , Weil Amir , Kozin Laura , Barak Shira Raikin , Gortikov Maggie , Peres Moti , Or Gal , Bakhshian Ortal , Elingold Idan , Tsarfaty Avi , Raz Amir , Galpaz Navot
Published: November 2023

Gene editing tools for banana crop improvement necessitates efficient embryogenic cell suspensions, which are derived through embryogenic calli (EC). Although many factors are known to influence EC formation, the roles of seasonal effects and environmental factors in EC induction of banana remain unclear. We therefore examined the formation of EC from immature male flower buds (IMFB) collected in each month of the years 2020 and 2022. Among 12 batches examined, IMFB initiated between January and April produced the highest percentage of EC in both years. In 2020, the percent of EC ranges from 8.22 to 12.14, whereas in 2022 the EC percentage ranges from 2.50 to 4.47. IMFB initiated from May to August produced moderate response and those initiated between September and December gave the lowest percentage of EC in both the years. Plants that generated highest percentage of EC underwent transition from vegetative to reproductive phase in autumn and flowered in winter. During this period, environmental factors such as global radiation, relative humidity and temperature were relatively low compared to summer. In contrast, plants that underwent vegetative–reproductive transition under extreme summer conditions and flowered at the end of summer and autumn yielded lowest percentage of EC. Exposure to high temperature and radiation during this period might have altered inflorescence development. Our results indicate that seasonal alterations in environmental factors influence the rate of EC induction.