bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Chaos in Fractional-Order Systems: Keen Insight in the Dynamic Effects
Authors: Echenausía-Monroy José Luis , Quezada-Tellez Luis Alberto , Gilardi-Velázquez Hector Eduardo , Ruíz-Martínez Omar Fernando , Heras-Sánchez María del Carmen , Lozano-Rizk Jose E. , Cuesta-García José Ricardo , Márquez-Martínez Luis Alejandro , Rivera-Rodríguez Raúl , Pena Ramirez Jonatan , Álvarez Joaquín
Published: December 2024

Fractional calculus (or arbitrary order calculus) refers to the integration and derivative operators of an order different than one and was developed in 1695. They have been widely used to study dynamical systems, especially chaotic systems, as the use of arbitrary-order operators broke the milestone of restricting autonomous continuous systems of order three to obtain chaotic behavior and triggered the study of fractional chaotic systems. In this paper, we study the chaotic behavior in fractional systems in more detail and characterize the geometric variations that the dynamics of the system undergo when using arbitrary-order operators by asking the following question: is the Lyapunov exponent sufficient to describe the dynamical variations in a chaotic system of fractional order? By quantifying the convex envelope generated by the 2D projection of the system into all its phase portraits, the changes in the area of the system, as well as the volume of the attractor, are characterized. The results are compared with standard metrics for the study of chaotic systems, such as the Kaplan–Yorke dimension and the fractal dimension, and we also evaluate the frequency fluctuations in the dynamical response. It is found that our methodology can better describe the changes occurring in the systems, while the traditional dimensions are limited to confirming chaotic behaviors; meanwhile, the frequency spectrum hardly changes. The results deepen the study of fractional-order chaotic systems, contribute to understanding the implications and effects observed in the dynamics of the systems, and provide a reference framework for decision-making when using arbitrary-order operators to model dynamical systems.
Distinguishing Black Holes and Superspinars in Spinning Modified Gravity via Generalized Spin Precession Frequency
Authors: Pradhan Parthapratim
Published: December 2024

We compute the generalized spin precession frequency (Ωp) of a test gyroscope in a stationary spacetime, specifically for a Kerr–MOG black hole within the framework of scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG), also known as modified gravity (MOG). A comprehensive analysis of the generalized spin frequency was conducted for non-extremal Kerr–MOG black hole, extremal Kerr–MOG black hole, and naked singularity or superspinar, in comparison to non-extremal Kerr black hole, extremal Kerr black hole, and Kerr naked singularity or Kerr superspinar. The generalized spin frequency we derived can be expressed in terms of the black hole mass parameter, the angular momentum parameter, and the MOG parameter. Additionally, we distinguish between non-extremal black hole, extremal black hole, and naked singularity through the computation of the aforementioned precession frequency. Furthermore, we calculate the generalized spin frequency for various angular coordinates, ranging from the polar to the equatorial plane. Lastly, we determine three fundamental epicyclic frequencies, the Keplerian frequency, the radial epicyclic frequency, and the vertical epicyclic frequency, to differentiate these three types of objects. We also compute the periastron frequency and nodal frequency. Utilizing these frequency profiles allows for the distinction of these three compact objects.
Gamma-Ray Bursts: What Do We Know Today That We Did Not Know 10 Years Ago?
Authors: Pe’er Asaf
Published: December 2024

I discuss here the progress made in the last decade on a few of the key open problems in GRB physics. These include (1) the nature of GRB progenitors, and the outliers found to the collapsar/merger scenarios; (2) jet structures, whose existence became evident following GRB/GW170817; (3) the great progress made in understanding the GRB jet launching mechanisms, enabled by general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GR-MHD) codes; (4) recent studies of magnetic reconnection as a valid energy dissipation mechanism; (5) the early afterglow, which may be highly affected by a wind bubble, as well as recent indication that in many GRBs, the Lorentz factor is only a few tens, rather than a few hundreds. I highlight some recent observational progress, including the major breakthrough in detecting TeV photons and the on-going debate about their origin, polarization measurements, as well as the pair annihilation line recently detected in GRB 221009A, and its implications for prompt emission physics. I probe into some open questions that I anticipate will be at the forefront of GRB research in the next decade.
Snowflake Data Warehouse for Large-Scale and Diverse Biological Data Management and Analysis
Authors: Koreeda Tatsuya , Honda Hiroshi , Onami Jun-ichi
Published: December 2024

With the increasing speed of genomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic data generation driven by the advancement and widespread adoption of next-generation sequencing technologies, the management and analysis of large-scale, diverse data in the fields of life science and biotechnology have become critical challenges. In this paper, we thoroughly discuss the use of cloud data warehouses to address these challenges. Specifically, we propose a data management and analysis framework using Snowflake, a SaaS-based data platform. We further demonstrate its convenience and effectiveness through concrete examples, such as disease variant analysis and in silico drug discovery. By introducing Snowflake, researchers can efficiently manage and analyze a wide array of biological data, enabling the discovery of new biological insights through integrated analysis. Through these specific methodologies and application examples, we aim to accelerate research progress in the field of bioinformatics.
Genome-Wide Identification, Conservation, and Expression Pattern Analyses of the BBR-BPC Gene Family Under Abiotic Stress in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Wang Long , Chen Wei , Zhao Zhi , Li Huaxin , Pei Damei , Huang Zhen , Wang Hongyan , Xiao Lu
Published: December 2024

Background: The BBR-BPC gene family is a relatively conservative group of transcription factors, playing a key role in plant morphogenesis, organ development, and responses to abiotic stress. Brassica napus L. (B. napus), commonly known as oilseed rape, is an allopolyploid plant formed by the hybridization and polyploidization of Brassica rapa L. (B. rapa) and Brassica oleracea L. (B. oleracea), and is one of the most important oil crops. However, little is known about the characteristics, conservation, and expression patterns of this gene family in B. napus, especially under abiotic stress. Methods: To explore the characteristics and potential biological roles of the BBR-BPC gene family members in B. napus, we conducted identification based on bioinformatics and comparative genomics methods. We further analyzed the expression patterns through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. Results: We identified 25 BBR-BPC members, which were classified into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, and found them to be highly conserved in both monocots and dicots. The conserved motifs revealed that most members contained Motif 1, Motif 2, Motif 4, and Motif 8. After whole-genome duplication (WGD), collinearity analysis showed that BBR-BPC genes underwent significant purifying selection. The promoters of most BBR-BPC genes contained cis-acting elements related to light response, hormone induction, and stress response. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR further indicated that BnBBR-BPC7, BnBBR-BPC15, BnBBR-BPC20, and BnBBR-BPC25 might be key members of this family. Conclusions: This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the potential biological functions and roles of the BBR-BPC gene family, laying the groundwork for resistance breeding in B. napus.
Geographical Information Systems-Based Assessment of Evacuation Accessibility to Special Needs Shelters Comparing Storm Surge Impacts of Hurricane Irma (2017) and Ian (2022)
Authors: Yang Jieya , Kocatepe Ayberk , Alisan Onur , Ozguven Eren Erman
Published: December 2024

Research on hurricane impacts in Florida’s coastal regions has been extensive, yet there remains a gap in comparing the effects and potential damage of different hurricanes within the same geographical area. Additionally, there is a need for reliable discussions on how variations in storm surges during these events influence evacuation accessibility to hurricane shelters. This is especially significant for rural areas with a vast number of aging populations, whose evacuation may require extra attention due to their special needs (i.e., access and functional needs). Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by conducting a comparative assessment of storm surge impacts on the evacuation accessibility of southwest Florida communities (e.g., Lee and Collier Counties) affected by two significant hurricanes: Irma in 2017 and Ian in 2022. Utilizing the floating catchment area method and examining Replica’s OD Matrix data with Geographical Information Systems (GISs)-based technical tools, this research seeks to provide insights into the effectiveness of evacuation plans and identify areas that need enhancements for special needs sheltering. By highlighting the differential impacts of storm surges on evacuation accessibility between these two hurricanes, this assessment contributes to refining disaster risk reduction strategies and has the potential to inform decision-making processes for mitigating the impacts of future coastal hazards.
Efficacy of Concurrent Training in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physical, Psychological, and Biomarker Variables
Authors: Madeira Ricardo , Esteves Dulce , Maia Adriana , Alves Ana R. , Marques Diogo L. , Neiva Henrique P.
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer treatments often cause serious side effects, but physical exercise has shown the potential to improve both the physical and psychological health outcomes of survivors. This review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and analyze the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of concurrent training on physical, psychological, and biomarkers variables on breast cancer survivors.; Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024571851). The ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched. The methodological quality of all the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This review included 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria on the effect of concurrent training on breast cancer survivors. Results: The results of the meta-analysis on body composition revealed a significant overall effect on body mass (effect size [ES] = −2.23; 95% CI: −4.16, −0.29) and body mass index (ES = −0.66; 95% CI: −1.32, 0.01). In contrast, no significant differences were shown in the % fat mass (ES = −2.63; 95% CI: −5.58, 0.33). Strength significantly improved after simultaneous training (ES = 4.93; 95% CI: 1.94, 7.92). In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption) showed significant improvements after simultaneous training (ES = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.88, 4.19). Conclusions: The research shows that concurrent training, including strength and aerobic exercises, promotes significant improvements in body mass, body mass index, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the effectiveness of the training depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercise, as well as the individualization of the programs.
Smart Insulin Pen in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: An Encouraging Case Series
Authors: Resi Veronica , Gaglio Alessia , Pigotskaya Yana , Caretto Amelia , Orsi Emanuela , Grancini Valeria
Published: December 2024

Background: The management of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy with new technologies is challenging. Sometimes the complexity of new-generation systems such as “continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII” and patient or provider preference do not allow their use, so women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy continue to be treated with subcutaneous multiple-injection insulin therapy using pens. Smart insulin pens are new tools that allow for data collection on insulin dose and time of administration and have additional connectivity features. Objective: To retrospectively describe the use of a smart insulin pen coupled with rt-CGM (InPenTM system) in three pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes. Methods: Participants used the InPenTM system in pregnancy and consented to analysis of glycaemic data and pregnancy outcome. Results: An increase in pregnancy specific time-in-range glucose was observed in the three patients related to the duration of insulin action, insulin sensitivity factors, and a pre-set target glucose range for pregnancy. No diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycaemia occurred. Conclusions: We describe practical considerations in three pregnant patients with type 1 diabetes where the InPenTM system was used with suggestive improvements in the time-in-range.
Exploring the Relationship Between Transitional Object Attachment and Emotion Regulation in College Students
Authors: Ko Cheng-Hung , Liang Yong-Ting , Liao Yu-Chi , Chen Hui-Fang
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Transitional attachment objects, such as blankets, play a critical role in childhood by helping children manage separation anxiety and regulate emotions. Although attachment to these objects often decreases as children grow older, it may persist into adulthood and influence emotion regulation and stress responses. Their influence on emotion regulation in adulthood remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between object attachment and emotion regulation, with a focus on responses to stress among college students. The study objectives include examining whether emotional regulation varies based on an individual’s attachment to objects and investigating the role and significance of objects in the emotional regulation of adults with object attachment. Methods: Forty-five participants aged 18–22 were recruited to participate and completed the Object Attachment Security Measure (OASM) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Participants were categorized into two groups based on their OASM scores: those with attachment objects (the OA group) and those without (the control group). The OA group was randomly assigned into two experimental groups: (1) Carry-but-cannot-touch (CBCT) and (2) Carry-and-touch (CAT). The CBCT group was not allowed to physically interact with their attachment objects during the recovery phase, whereas the CAT group could do so. Psychophysiological data, including Standard Deviation of NN Intervals (SDNN) and respiratory rate, were collected during three phases: baseline, stress, and recovery. Results: There were no differences in the ERQ scores between the OA and control groups, as well as between the CAT and CBCT subgroups. However, physiological indicators revealed that the CAT group exhibited higher SDNN during recovery than the CBCT group, suggesting that physical interaction with the attachment object enhanced stress regulation and promoted relaxation. Conclusions: While object attachment did not impact self-reported emotional regulation, it did influence physiological responses to stress, indicating that attachment objects may facilitate emotional recovery through tactile interaction. These findings highlight the potential of attachment objects as adaptive tools for stress management in young adults.
Factors Associated with Public Health Nurses’ Anxiety About Accepting Evacuees During Nuclear Disasters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Oita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Hiro , Yamaguchi Takumi , Matsunari Yuko
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident underscored the critical role of public health nurses (PHNs) in managing evacuees during nuclear emergencies. Despite their importance, PHNs often lack sufficient knowledge and experience, which may make them anxious about this role. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with PHNs’ anxiety about accepting evacuees and identify strategies to alleviate this anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 PHNs working in Oita Prefecture, Japan, a region designated to receive evacuees in the event of a nuclear disaster. Data were collected via an online questionnaire assessing radiation knowledge, workplace characteristics, and anxiety about accepting evacuees. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of anxiety. Results: PHNs working in prefectural offices were 3.4 times more likely to feel anxious about accepting evacuees than those in municipal offices (OR = 3.488, 95% CI = 1.236–10.963, p = 0.023). Awareness of evacuation site responsibilities significantly reduced anxiety (OR = 0.412, 95% CI = 0.134–1.211, p = 0.110). Overall, knowledge of radiation was low, with only 8% correctly identifying the differences between stochastic and deterministic effects. Online training was the preferred format for education. Conclusions: Workplace characteristics and knowledge of evacuation responsibilities significantly influence PHNs’ anxiety levels. Addressing knowledge gaps through tailored, accessible training programs, particularly in online formats, is essential. Strengthening preparedness among PHNs could enhance their confidence and ability to manage evacuees effectively during nuclear disasters.
Operativity of the Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan: Experimental Investigation on the Subsidiary Weir
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Zahid , Mughal Habib-Ur-Rehman , Yaseen Noor , Khan Noor Muhammad , Varra Giada , Cozzolino Luca , Della Morte Renata
Published: December 2024

River barrages ensure water availability for enhanced irrigation and human consumption. Of course, effective and sustainable management of existing barrages requires controlling riverbed erosion through appropriately designed stilling basins with their appurtenances. The present study assesses the stilling basin performance of the Taunsa Barrage, a vital water resources infrastructure built in 1958 in Punjab, Pakistan, and rehabilitated between 2004 and 2008 through the construction of a subsidiary weir (SW) downstream of the main weir. A physical modeling approach was employed, consisting of two distinct phases of laboratory experiments. Phase 1 replicated the Taunsa Barrage before rehabilitation, assessing the need for SW construction under different discharge rates and downstream bed elevations. Phase 2 reproduced the post-rehabilitation conditions, including varying discharge values, heights and positions of the SW, to evaluate the stilling basin design concerning the ability to dissipate flow energy. The results demonstrated (i) inadequate tailwater levels and oscillating hydraulic jump formation under increased discharges in pre-rehabilitation conditions (highlighting the poor performance of the original Taunsa Barrage stilling basin and the need for an SW to address these hydraulic deficiencies), and (ii) that the SW, under the design conditions, achieved optimal head loss for discharge values near the design discharge. However, the head loss efficiency was highly sensitive to variations in the distance and height of the SW due to hydraulic jump pulsations. Moreover, the head loss efficiency rapidly degraded for discharges greater than the design discharge. These findings indicate that the Taunsa barrage stilling basin may lack the capacity to accommodate higher discharges resulting from the interplay between climate change and land use alterations within the upstream Indus River basin. Future research should focus on developing a design that enhances energy dissipation robustness, reducing susceptibility to potential discharge increases.
Characteristics of Precipitation, Streamflow, and Sediment Transport of the Hangman Creek in the Pacific Northwest, USA: Implication for Agricultural Conservation Practice Implementation
Authors: Yuan Yongping , Kanyuk Sean
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic climate change and changes to land use and land management practices can have significant impacts on streamflow and sediment transport. In this study, we investigated long-term precipitation, streamflow, and suspended sediment load patterns within the Hangman Creek watershed, draining from the Rocky Mountains in Idaho to Washington, to identify the magnitude of changes with the goal of better understanding the links between these processes and the potential effects of agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) implemented since the 1990s. Comparing the study periods of 1991 to 2020 with 1961 to 1990, 1991 to 2020 had lower streamflow/precipitation ratios in the highest flow months such as February and March. Most streamflow occurred during winter and spring, so did suspended sediment. In addition, 2018 had much lower suspended sediment load compared to earlier years (1999 and 2000) during high flow seasons (January to April) given that streamflow was higher in 2018 than in 1999 and 2000. These changes may be attributed to the adoption of agricultural conservation practices because land cover remained almost unchanged from 2001 to 2021 and ACP adoption increased. Finally, the flow frequency analysis showed a strong linkage between higher streamflow events and increased suspended sediment load, with between 81% and 96% of total annual suspended sediment loads transported during the highest 10% of flows.
Visualizing Parcel-Level Lead Risk Using an Exterior Housing-Based Index
Authors: Wilson Neal J. , Allenbrand Ryan , Friedman Elizabeth , Kennedy Kevin , Roberts Amy , Simon Stephen
Published: December 2024

Pediatric lead poisoning remains a persistent public health problem. Children in the US spend the preponderance of their time at home; thus, housing is an important social determinant of health. Improving health outcomes derived from housing-based sources involves differentiating the risks posed by the existing housing stock. In this paper, we developed a parcel-level lead risk index (LRI) based on external housing conditions and the year of home construction. The purpose of this study was to introduce a housing-based lead risk index (LRI), developed using retrospective data, to estimate parcel-by-parcel variation in housing-based lead risk. We described how the LRI is constructed, relate it to the likelihood of a pediatric occupant’s blood lead level (BLL) > 3.5 µg/dL using Lasso regression (n = 6589), visualized this relationship graphically, and mapped the outcome. We found that mapping the LRI provided more information at a more precise geographic level than was possible using other public health surveillance methods.
The Effects of CrossFit® Practice on Physical Fitness and Overall Quality of Life
Authors: Rios Manoel , Pyne David B. , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: December 2024

We have examined the impact of CrossFit® workout sessions on physical fitness, comparing the obtained outcomes with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. In addition, we provide suggestions to improve training monitoring, as well as practical applications for researchers, coaches and practitioners. CrossFit® imposes high cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands, promoting improvements in circulatory capacity, oxidative metabolism and muscular endurance. Sustained elevations in heart rate contribute to cardiovascular conditioning, while a post-exercise hypotensive effect may help to reduce cardiovascular risks. Structured CrossFit® programs have led to improvements in maximal strength and muscular endurance, with substantial increases in squat performance observed in both untrained and recreationally active individuals. In addition, CrossFit® improves mental health through its motivating community. However, the high metabolic demands, increased creatine kinase levels and reduced performance in the countermovement jump reveal that muscle damage and neuromuscular fatigue can persist for up to 48 h. Balancing these intense sessions with adequate recovery is crucial, as improper management may lead to overtraining and compromise fitness gains. Future research should explore long-term cardiovascular adaptations, differences in gains and recovery between males and females and the application of real-time biomarker and artificial intelligence technologies to improve the training efficiency and safety. Machine learning algorithms could further personalize feedback, adapting to each individual’s biomechanics and physiological responses over time.
Relationship Among Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Blood Pressure in Portuguese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mendes Edmar , Farinatti Paulo , Andaki Alynne , Santos André Pereira dos , Cordeiro Jéssica , Vale Susana , Pizarro Andreia , Santos Maria Paula , Mota Jorge
Published: December 2024

This study examined the associations between age, adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and elevated blood pressure (BP) in 2901 Portuguese children and adolescents aged 2–18. BP, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), physical activity, and sedentary behavior were measured. Elevated BP was defined as a BP above the 90th percentile for age, sex, and height. Multivariable analyses assessed the prevalence ratios (PR) of elevated BP across age groups, BMI, WHtR, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Results showed that older age, especially among middle schoolers, was associated with a 1.8 times higher risk of elevated BP than preschoolers. Participants with a higher BMI (overweight/obese) and a WHtR ≥ 0.50 had a 1.49- and 1.4-times higher risk of elevated BP, respectively. Those who did not meet the recommended 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day showed a 1.63 times higher risk of elevated BP, whereas the association between sedentary behavior and BP was not significant after adjustment. These findings highlight age, higher BMI, central obesity, and insufficient physical activity as key factors associated with elevated BP, underscoring the need for early monitoring and intervention to prevent hypertension in this population.
Activity Performance Priorities for Adults Experiencing Homelessness: Insights from Management and Staff at a Transitional Housing Facility
Authors: Muriithi Bernard Austin Kigunda
Published: December 2024

For people experiencing homelessness (PEH), the provision of affordable housing has been recognized as the most crucial intervention for improving housing stability and facilitating substance abuse treatment. However, evidence indicates that providing housing does not significantly improve substance abuse, mental health, or physical health outcomes. Optimal participation in essential daily activities has been shown to improve health outcomes and support independent living, but there is limited research that identifies activity performance priorities among PEH living in transitional housing. The present study investigates activity performance priorities using the focus group methodology. Management and staff from a transitional housing facility participated in a focus group discussion (90 min) and a follow-up (member checking) session (75 min), to deliberate on this topic. Emerging priorities for activity performance include activities of daily living [personal hygiene]; instrumental activities of daily living [house maintenance, meal preparation, and transportation]; health management [mental health, physical health, medical appointments]; social participation [building healthy relationships]; work [seeking and/or maintaining]; sleep; and leisure [recreational] activities. Community members and other stakeholders can support PEH in transitional housing by facilitating participation in these activities, and researchers should evaluate the effects of specific activity-focused interventions on health.
Effects of a Footbathing Intervention on Physiological, Endocrine, and Psychological Status in Japanese University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamasaki Kaho , Miyata Hiromitsu
Published: December 2024

The present pilot study examined effectiveness of a 2-week footbathing intervention on physiological, endocrine, and psychological status in healthy Japanese university students. A total of 51 participants were randomly assigned to a footbathing or normal bathing group. Participants in both groups provided daily free descriptions of their physical and mental states during the intervention period. Participants also underwent measurements of autonomic nervous system activities and salivary cortisol, and completed questionnaires in the pre- and post-intervention periods, as well as in the follow-up period. Neither the footbathing group nor the normal bathing group showed significant changes in deep body temperature, blood pressure, or salivary cortisol through the intervention period. Significant increases in dispositional mindfulness and interoceptive awareness, and significant decrease in trait anxiety were observed regardless of the groups. Nevertheless, an awareness of changes in bodily sensations and mood by footbathing mentioned in the participants’ free descriptions was significantly associated with increased deep body temperature, dispositional mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, and subjective well-being from the pre- to post-intervention periods. These results suggest that the period of intervention and sample size might have been insufficient to induce significant changes in baseline psychophysiological status, but that awareness of changes in psychophysiological states may potentially be involved in the mechanism of footbathing.
Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazilian Post-Peak Period: Differences Between Individuals with and Without Pre-Existing Psychiatric Conditions
Authors: Peres Rodrigo Sanches , Cortez Pedro Afonso
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Validated instruments to measure mental health variables related to sanitary crises can provide data for prevention or intervention plans. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evidence the psychometric factorial internal structure of the Battery for Assessing Mental Health–Pandemic Version (BASM-P) in the sample; (2) to investigate the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian post-peak period among individuals with and without pre-existing psychiatric conditions using the BASM-P; and (3) to analyze relationships between the mental health variables measured by the BASM-P in both groups. (2) Methods: This is an internet-based quantitative, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The participants (n = 209) were divided into a non-psychiatric group (n = 168) and a psychiatric group (n = 41). The instruments were the BASM-P and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were collected throughout the second semester of 2022 and analyzed with JASP software. (3) Results: The BASM-P demonstrated robust psychometric factorial internal structure. Significant differences were observed between the two groups across all variables. In the non-psychiatric group, obsessive thoughts presented strong connections to fear, distress, and grief from job loss. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the central role of obsessive thoughts in shaping the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian post-peak period.
Oral Health, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Pregnancy: A Rapid Review of Associations and Implications for Perinatal Care
Authors: Adeniyi Abiola A. , Ramachandran Swathi , Jevitt Cecilia Marie
Published: December 2024

Research demonstrates associations between oral health and specific mental health conditions in the general population, yet these relationships remain understudied during pregnancy, despite pregnancy’s profound effects on both oral and psychological well-being. Our rapid review examines current evidence on associations between oral health conditions and psychological states (anxiety, depression, and stress) during pregnancy, aiming to inform and strengthen integrated prenatal care strategies. Following PRISMA-RR guidelines, we conducted a systematic search on OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO (January 2000–November 2024) for studies examining relationships between oral health conditions (periodontal disease, dental caries) and psychological status during pregnancy and up to one year postpartum. Systematic screening of 1201 records yielded 22 eligible studies (13 cross-sectional studies, 3 longitudinal cohort studies, 3 comparative studies, 2 prospective studies, and 1 case–control study). Analysis confirmed significant associations between oral health and psychological well-being during pregnancy through three pathways: psychological (dental anxiety directly limits oral healthcare utilization), behavioral (maternal depression reduces oral health self-efficacy), and physiological (elevated stress biomarkers correlate with periodontal disease, and periodontal therapy is associated with reduced salivary cortisol). These interactions extend intergenerationally, with maternal psychological distress showing significant associations with children’s caries risk. Evidence suggests interactions between oral health conditions and psychological states during pregnancy, warranting integrated care approaches. We recommend: (1) implementing combined oral–mental health screening in prenatal care, (2) developing interventions targeting both domains, and (3) establishing care pathways that address these interconnections. This integrated approach could improve both maternal and child health outcomes.
Unravelling Factors Shaping International Students’ Learning and Mental Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review
Authors: Zhou Huaqiong , Kalembo Fatch , Nair Ambili , Lim Eric , Hou Xiang-Yu , Ng Linda
Published: December 2024

The international tertiary education sector was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the risk of negative learning and psychosocial experiences. Most international students who remained in the host countries demonstrated admirable resilience and adaptability during those challenging times. An integrative review of factors shaping international students’ learning and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Five electronic databases—CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Web of Science—were searched from 2020 to 2023 using the key search terms ‘international students’, ‘tertiary education’, ‘mental health and wellbeing’, and ‘COVID’. A total of 38 studies were included in this review. They revealed six factors across learning and psychosocial experiences. Predisposing factors for maladjustments included the students being younger and possessing poor English proficiency. Precipitating factors were related to online teaching/learning, and lack of accessibility and or insufficient learning and living resources. Perpetuating factors pertained to living arrangements. The protective factor identified was institutional support. This review highlighted that multifaceted factors were associated with international students’ experiences and mental health and wellbeing. In-depth understanding of risk and protective factors can help policymakers to prepare for unprecedented challenges and reduce disruptions to international students’ education and mental health when studying abroad.
Early COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness: Informing Public Health Interventions and Hospital Capacity Planning Through Participatory Hybrid Simulation Modeling
Authors: Tian Yuan , Basran Jenny , McDonald Wade , Osgood Nathaniel D.
Published: December 2024

We engaged with health sector stakeholders and public health professionals within the health system through a participatory modeling approach to support policy-making in the early COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan, Canada. The objective was to use simulation modeling to guide the implementation of public health measures and short-term hospital capacity planning to mitigate the disease burden from March to June 2020. We developed a hybrid simulation model combining System Dynamics (SD), discrete-event simulation (DES), and agent-based modeling (ABM). SD models the population-level transmission of COVID-19, ABM simulates individual-level disease progression and contact tracing intervention, and DES captures COVID-19-related hospital patient flow. We examined the impact of mixed mitigation strategies—physical distancing, testing, conventional and digital contact tracing—on COVID-19 transmission and hospital capacity for a worst-case scenario. Modeling results showed that enhanced contact tracing with mass testing in the early pandemic could significantly reduce transmission, mortality, and the peak census of hospital beds and intensive care beds. Using a participatory modeling approach, we not only directly informed policy-making on contact tracing interventions and hospital surge capacity planning for COVID-19 but also helped validate the effectiveness of the interventions adopted by the provincial government. We conclude with a discussion on lessons learned and the novelty of our hybrid approach.
Comparative Analysis of Restorative Interior Design Elements: Screen-Based Versus Virtual Reality Evaluations for Future Medical Treatment Prospects
Authors: Tural Alp , Tural Elif
Published: December 2024

Given the increasing prevalence of anxiety and depression, this research aims to identify design features that enhance the sense of restoration, with the goal of supporting mental and behavioral healthcare facility design. This study employed both screen-based and virtual reality (VR) stimuli to evaluate the perceived restorativeness of different interior settings. The key variables analyzed included window view access, view content, materiality, and room geometry. Thirty-five undergraduate and graduate students assessed 16 distinct interior environments. Findings indicate that the VR presentations generally produced higher restorativeness scores compared with screen-based presentations, though this effect varied across stimuli. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that larger windows consistently correlated with higher restorativeness scores in both presentation modes. Views of water were rated as most restorative, followed by wooded areas. Natural materials were perceived as significantly more restorative than other materials, particularly in VR presentations. Varied ceiling designs, especially vaulted ceilings, were associated with evaluations of higher restorativeness compared with flat ceiling designs, with this effect more pronounced in VR. This research underscores the potential of VR technology to simulate and assess interior design interventions, offering insights into creating more effective and personalized restorative environments in mental health treatment facilities. The findings can inform evidence-based design strategies for healthcare spaces, supporting treatment processes and patient well-being.
Athletes’ Perceived Team Climate, Social Support, and Optimistic Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Scott Chelsi E. , Fry Mary D. , Wineinger Troy O. , Iwasaki Susumu , Long Haiying , Brown Theresa C.
Published: December 2024

In the Spring of 2020, Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was officially declared a global pandemic, which prompted an unprecedented number of changes to societal functioning. Amongst those who experienced significant life alterations were collegiate athletes within the United States (US). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between US athletes’ perceptions of their team motivational climate, perceived support from coaches and teammates, and their optimistic thoughts during the COVID-19 pandemic. US collegiate athletes (N = 756; 56.3% female; Mage = 20.07 years, SDage = 1.57 years) across a variety of levels (e.g., Division I) and sports (e.g., basketball) were invited to participate in this study. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed significant positive associations between a caring and task-involving climate, athletes’ feeling supported by their coaches and teammates, and athletes’ optimistic thoughts during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, an ego-involving climate was significantly negatively associated with athletes’ feeling supported by their coaches and teammates. The final results suggest that the supportive actions of coaches and teammates during difficult times can mediate the positive connection between perceptions of a caring-task-involving climate on athletic teams and an athlete’s ability to stay optimistic during difficult life stressors.
Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Tool and a Universal Low-Cost Robotized Microscope for the Automated Diagnosis of Malaria
Authors: Rubio Maturana Carles , de Oliveira Allisson Dantas , Zarzuela Francesc , Mediavilla Alejandro , Martínez-Vallejo Patricia , Silgado Aroa , Goterris Lidia , Muixí Marc , Abelló Alberto , Veiga Anna , López-Codina Daniel , Sulleiro Elena , Sayrol Elisa , Joseph-Munné Joan
Published: December 2024

The gold standard diagnosis for malaria is the microscopic visualization of blood smears to identify Plasmodium parasites, although it is an expert-dependent technique and could trigger diagnostic errors. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools based on digital image analysis were postulated as a suitable supportive alternative for automated malaria diagnosis. A diagnostic evaluation of the iMAGING AI-based system was conducted in the reference laboratory of the International Health Unit Drassanes-Vall d’Hebron in Barcelona, Spain. iMAGING is an automated device for the diagnosis of malaria by using artificial intelligence image analysis tools and a robotized microscope. A total of 54 Giemsa-stained thick blood smear samples from travelers and migrants coming from endemic areas were employed and analyzed to determine the presence/absence of Plasmodium parasites. AI diagnostic results were compared with expert light microscopy gold standard method results. The AI system shows 81.25% sensitivity and 92.11% specificity when compared with the conventional light microscopy gold standard method. Overall, 48/54 (88.89%) samples were correctly identified [13/16 (81.25%) as positives and 35/38 (92.11%) as negatives]. The mean time of the AI system to determine a positive malaria diagnosis was 3 min and 48 s, with an average of 7.38 FoV analyzed per sample. Statistical analyses showed the Kappa Index = 0.721, demonstrating a satisfactory correlation between the gold standard diagnostic method and iMAGING results. The AI system demonstrated reliable results for malaria diagnosis in a reference laboratory in Barcelona. Validation in malaria-endemic regions will be the next step to evaluate its potential in resource-poor settings.
Amelioration of Inflammation in Rats with Experimentally Induced Asthma by Spenceria ramalana Trimen Polyphenols via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xia Zhaobin , Zhao Xing , Wang Lu , Huang Lin , Yang Yanwen , Yin Xiangyu , He Luyu , Aga Yuebumo , Kahaer Ankaer , Yang Shiyu , Hao Lili , Chen Chaoxi
Published: December 2024

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease that affects millions globally and poses a serious public health challenge. Current therapeutic strategies, including corticosteroids, are constrained by variable patient responses and adverse effects. In this study, a polyphenolic extract derived from the Tibetan medicinal plant Spenceria ramalana Trimen (SRT) was employed and shown to improve experimentally (ovalbumin + cigarette smoke, OVA + CS) induced asthma in rats. Initially, the potential therapeutic mechanism of the polyphenolic components in SRT on OVA + CS-induced asthma was predicated by network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, in vivo experiments identified that SRT polyphenols exhibit significant anti-asthmatic activities, primarily mediated by lowering inflammatory cell counts such as the WBC (white blood cell), eosinophils, and neutrophils, decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α), alleviating lung histological damage (reduced inflammation, collagen deposition, and mucus secretion), and enhancing the epithelial barrier integrity (upregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1). Additionally, SRT polyphenols downregulated the PI3K/Akt (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B) signaling pathway, improved gut microbiota disruption, and regulated fecal metabolites (glucose-6-glutamate, PS (16:0/0:0), 8-aminocaprylic acid, galactonic acid, Ascr#10, 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoic acid, phosphodimethylethanolamine, muramic acid, 9-oxohexadeca-10e-enoic acid, and sedoheptulose) in asthmatic rats. In conclusion, SRT polyphenols exerted multifaceted protective effects against OVA + CS-induced asthma in rats, highlighting their potential value in preventing asthma via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Genome-Wide Characterization of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Gene Family in Betula platyphylla Reveals Promising Candidates for Heat Tolerance
Authors: Guo Shengzhou , Chen Hao , Wu Hongwei , Xu Zuyuan , Yang Hao , Lin Qinmin , Feng Hanyu , Zeng Zilu , Wang Sanjiao , Liu Haolin , Liu Xiaomin , Cao Shijiang , Wang Kang
Published: December 2024

Heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) play a critical role in orchestrating cellular responses to elevated temperatures and various stress conditions. While extensively studied in model plants, the HSF gene family in Betula platyphylla remains unexplored, despite the availability of its sequenced genome. In this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to identify 21 BpHSF genes within the Betula platyphylla genome, revealing their uneven distribution across chromosomes. These genes were categorized into three subfamilies: A, B, and C. Each was characterized by conserved protein motifs and gene structures, with notable divergence observed between subfamilies. Collinearity analysis suggested that segmental duplication events have driven the evolutionary expansion of the BpHSF gene family. Promoter region analysis identified an array of cis-acting elements linked to growth, development, hormonal regulation, and stress responses. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed the nuclear localization of BpHSFA2a, BpHSFB1a, and BpHSFC1a, consistent with in silico predictions. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed tissue-specific expression patterns of BpHSF genes and their dynamic responses to heat stress, with qPCR validation highlighting a significant upregulation of BpHSFA2a under high-temperature conditions. In summary, this study provided a comprehensive characterization of the HSF gene family in Betula platyphylla, laying a solid foundation for future functional studies. Particularly, BpHSFA2a emerges as a promising candidate gene for enhancing heat tolerance in Betula platyphylla, warranting further detailed investigation.