bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose Transporter 1 Inhibitors Induce Autophagy and Synergize With Lenvatinib in Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: Kuo Chi‐Yu , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Chen Ming‐Jen , Lin Chi‐Hsin , Li Ying‐Syuan , Cheng Shih‐Ping
Published: October 2024

Background

Less differentiated thyroid cancer may upregulate the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and increase glycolytic activity. However, it is uncertain whether GLUT1 can be used as a target for therapy.

Methods

Thyroid cancer cell lines were treated with two different GLUT1 inhibitors, STF‐31 and BAY‐876. Functional assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of these inhibitors on cell biology.

Results

GLUT1 inhibitors dose‐dependently decreased cell growth and clonogenicity of thyroid cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that these inhibitors caused G2/M arrest instead of apoptosis. Additionally, treatment with GLUT1 inhibitors led to the activation of autophagy. In both the Transwell and spheroid models, GLUT1 inhibitors significantly suppressed cell invasiveness. Moreover, GLUT1 inhibitors demonstrated synergistic interactions when combined with lenvatinib.

Conclusions

Treatment with GLUT1 inhibitors activates autophagy and provokes cell cycle arrest, accompanied by a decrease in colony formation and invasive capacity in thyroid cancer cells.
Performance analysis of minichannel heat sink with oblong cavities and diverse pin fin configurations
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Jamal , Ghani Ihsan Ali
Published: October 2024

Passive heat transfer techniques in minichannel heat sinks (MCHS) provide effective thermal management solutions for high heat flux applications. The current study introduces a three‐dimensional numerical analysis conducted to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics of MCHS utilizing two passive techniques: incorporating pin fins with oblong‐shaped cavities. Four types of pin fin shapes were developed, including tear‐drop (MCOC‐TDPF), pyramidal (MCOC‐PPF), conical (MCOC‐CPF), and oval (MCOC‐OPF), respectively. The study is carried out under a laminar flow regime with Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 1000. The overall performance of these designs is assessed through a comparative analysis of traditional MCHS based on average Nusselt number, friction factor, and overall performance factor. Among these designs, MCOC‐CPF exhibited superior thermal performance compared to the other three configurations, with a maximum performance factor of 2.25 at a Reynolds number of 1000. Furthermore, the influence of conical pin fin taper ratio (β) on the thermal enhancement of MCOC‐CPF is also analyzed. Four values of conical pin fin taper ratio (β) have been considered, namely 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3. The results revealed that β = 1/3 achieved an optimal overall performance of 2.39 at Reynolds number Re = 1000.
Association of Perioperative Skeletal Muscle Index Change With Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Zhenhui , Yan Guanghong , Liu Mengmei , Li Yanli , Liu Lizhu , You Ruimin , Cheng Xianshuo , Zhang Caixia , Li Qingwan , Jiang Zhaojuan , Ruan Jinqiu , Ding Yingying , Li Wenliang , You Dingyun , Liu Zaiyi
Published: October 2024

Background

The association between perioperative changes in the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes remains unclear. We aim to explore perioperative change patterns of SMI and evaluate their effects on long‐term outcomes in CRC patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included Stage I–III CRC patients who underwent curative resection between 2012 and 2019. SMI at the third lumbar vertebra level was calculated using computed tomography scans. Optimal cut‐off values for SMI were defined separately for males and females and classified as high or low preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. SMI status was further categorized into different perioperative SMI change patterns: highpre–highpost, highpre–lowpost, lowpre–highpost and lowpre–lowpost. The association with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 2222 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 60.00 [51.00–68.00] years; 1302 (58.60%) men; 222 (9.99%) with preoperative low SMI) were evaluated. During a median follow‐up of 60 months, 375 patients (16.88%) died, and 617 patients (27.77%) experienced a recurrence. Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that, compared to patients with highpre–highpost, those with highpre–lowpost (HR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.60–6.51; HR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.03–6.26; HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.19–7.19, all p < 0.05) had significantly worse RFS and OS (HR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.55–10.69; HR = 4.78, 95% CI: 1.40–16.29; HR = 9.69, 95% CI: 2.53–37.05, all p < 0.05), at postoperative 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Patients with lowpre–lowpost were an independent prognostic factor for worse OS at postoperative 12 months (HR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.06–9.71, p = 0.040). Patients with lowpre–highpost had similar risk of RFS compared to those with highpre–highpost at postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.75–2.98; HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45–2.43; HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.31–6.06, all p > 0.05) and similar risk of OS at postoperative 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with a high preoperative SMI that decline postoperatively have poor RFS and OS. Consistently low SMI also correlates with worse OS. Patients with low SMI but increased after resection are not an indicator of better prognosis. Routine measurement of postoperative, rather than preoperative, SMI is warranted. Patients with low SMI are at an increased risk for recurrence and death, especially within the first year after surgery.
Photocatalytic removal of aldrin and dieldrin using graphene oxide and TiO2‐doped CuFe2O4
Authors: Akçağlar Sevil
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Conventional treatment processes and existing photocatalysts have proven insufficient in efficiently removing aldrin and dieldrin. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the removal of aldrin and dieldrin from surface water using a titanium dioxide/graphene oxide/copper ferrite (TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄) nanocomposite.

RESULTS

The highest photodegradation efficiencies for aldrin (100%) and dieldrin (99%) were achieved with a TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite dosage of 1.3 mg L−1, at a sunlight intensity of 9 W m−2 and an optimal photodegradation time of 25 min. The maximum UV absorption wavelength of the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite was observed at 365 nm. The quantum yield of the nanocomposite was recorded as 2.69 × 102 mol einstein−1, and its bandgap energy was determined to be 3.31 eV. The first‐order kinetic rate constants for aldrin and dieldrin were calculated as 0.05 and 0.047 min−1, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystal structure of CuFe₂O₄/TiO₂, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected carboxylic, epoxy, carbonyl and other oxygenated groups within the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that CuFe₂O₄ was situated on the outer layer of GO. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis identified the elemental composition of the TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite as comprising GO, C, Cu, Fe, Ti and O. A reusability study demonstrated that the nanocomposite maintained excellent performance, achieving 99% removal efficiency after 79 cycles and 97% after 100 cycles.

CONCLUSIONS

The TiO₂/GO/CuFe₂O₄ nanocomposite effectively removed aldrin and dieldrin from surface water. This nanocomposite holds promise for the remediation of other aquatic ecosystems, such as bays, rivers and ocean waters. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Diagnosis and Analysis of Vasa Previa Types With Flow HD Glass Body
Authors: Gong Lili , Zheng Lipeng , Gao Junhui , Chang Hongbo , Liu Ying , Wang Yingluan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To explore the value of applying flow high definition (HD) glass body in prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa and to preliminarily discuss the types of vasa previa.

Methods

Two‐dimensional ultrasound, flow HD, and flow HD glass body were used to image the umbilical cord insertion site and placenta, observe the cervical internal os and surrounding areas, and retrospectively analyze cases of vasa previa.

Results

There were 15 cases of vasa previa, including 14 cases of singleton pregnancies and 1 case of twin pregnancy, with a total of 22 vasa previa, including 10 veins and 12 arteries. There was 1 case with 3 vessels, 5 cases with 2 vessels, and 9 cases with a single vessel. Among them, in 3 cases of vasa previa detected at 12, 14, and 24 weeks, respectively, the vasa previa were relocated to a normal position at 24, 29, and 35 weeks of gestation when re‐examined. Routine 2‐dimensional ultrasound examination in this group showed tubular or circular hypoechoic areas near the cervical internal os, but vasa previa could not be confirmed. Flow HD could display color blood flow at and near the cervical internal os in 15 cases, but it was difficult to continuously show the course and source of the blood vessels under the chorion. Flow HD glass body from multiple angles could display the relationship between 15 cases of 22 vasa previa and the placenta and cervix. Combined with color Doppler blood flow spectra, flow HD glass body could determine the types of vasa previa.

Conclusions

Flow HD glass body imaging can clearly display vasa previa, showing their origin and the spatial relationship with the cervix and placenta in a 3‐dimensional manner, displaying the course and attachment points of umbilical vessels under the chorion. It can observe the area of interest at any angle, and combined with color Doppler blood flow spectra, it can judge the vasa previa of the umbilical vein, providing a more definite imaging basis for clinical management.
ε$\varepsilon$‐Regularity criteria and the number of singular points for the 3D simplified Ericksen–Leslie system
Authors: Zuo Zhongbao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider the partial regularity of suitable weak solution to the 3D simplify Ericksen–Leslie system modeling the hydrodynamical motion of nematic liquid crystal flow, which is a coupled system with the Navier–Stokes equations for the velocity field and kinematic transport equations for the molecular orientation field. We present a new regularity criteria for suitable weak solutions to the 3D simplified Ericksen–Leslie system. Moreover, under the condition
where K is an absolute positive constant. Then for a given open subset and for a given moment of time , the number of points of the set is finite, where and is the set of singular points for .
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Dillenia Indica and Mikania Micrantha Leaf Extracts: Applications in Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Kumar Pal Protap , Sarifujjaman Md. , Saha Prianka , Mahbubur Rahman S. M. , Emdadul Islam Md. , Ahmmad Bashir , Rezaul Karim Kaykobad Md. , Mahiuddin Md.
Published: October 2024

Researchers are keenly interested in developing metal‐based nanoparticles using plant sources as they are eco‐friendly, less expensive and simpler. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, symbolized as D‐ZnONPs and M‐ZnONPs were synthesized in this study utilizing the leaves of D. indica and M. micrantha, respectively, and studied their impact on the growth inhibition of various bacterial strains and on the photocatalysis. By displaying the distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 373 nm in UV‐Vis and bands at 450–480 cm−1 corresponding to Zn−O stretching FTIR spectroscopy imparted the formation of ZnONPs which was further supported by X‐ray diffraction analysis by showing the polycrystalline nature and a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The spherical form and average particle size of 30 nm of the produced ZnONPs, as confirmed by electron microscopy, are also confirmed to be crystalline. Under natural sunlight, both ZnONPs demonstrate excellent degradation efficacy about 96–99 % within 100 min towards methylene blue (MB). Furthermore, it is noteworthy that both the synthesized ZnONPs exhibited 55–60 % efficacy with respect to antibiotics in inhibiting the growth of various pathogenic bacterial strains. Overall, ZnONPs can be produced on a large‐scale using plant sources and employed them in environmental remediation and cosmetic industries as prominent components.
Tree demographics and soil charcoal evidence of fire disturbances in an inaccessible forest atop the Mount Lico inselberg, Mozambique
Authors: Courtney Mustaphi Colin J. , Platts Philip J. , Willcock Simon , Timberlake Jonathan R. , Osborne Jo , Matimele Hermenegildo , Osgood Hanniah S. , Muiruri Veronica M. , Gehrels Maria , Bayliss Julian , Marchant Rob
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Highland forests of Mozambique have been strongly modified by human activities for millennia. Some highlands have sheer rock cliffs and are highly inaccessible to people and appear relatively undisturbed. Evidence from the forest and soils of inaccessible Mount Lico show that the fire regime has changed over the recent millennia. As climate and fire regimes continue to change, management of highland ecosystems will be crucial to sustain the high biodiversity and mountain‐water resources that provide key ecosystem services to people living close to these forests.

The sheer rock cliffs of the Mount Lico inselberg, northern Mozambique, is relatively inaccessible to people. A 0.57 km2 forest covers the top of the isolated mountain, and the tree demographics and soil offer an opportunity to investigate the long‐term fire ecology of the forests of the western, leeside of the mountain and potential for changing regional hydroclimate of the Late Holocene.

On the western side of the mountaintop, a 20 × 20 m plot was surveyed for tree taxa, heights and bole diameters. A 220 cm deep pit was dug into the forest soil and analysed to describe the soil texture and carbon content. Charcoal was quantified on sieved subsamples and classified into charcoal morphologies that were then grouped by how readily entrainable on an index score. Three radiocarbon dates were collected from pieces charcoal.

The forest is a combination of montane and woodland tree taxa that differed from the older, more mesic eastern side and reflected differential disturbance patterns. The reddish loam soils dated to the Middle Holocene. Charcoal was present in all soil subsamples and varied little until increasing consistently during the past millennium. The charcoal morphologies suggested a combination of locally derived charcoal and charcoal derived from the surrounding lowlands with the latter increasing in the past centuries.

Few Holocene paleoenvironmental records have been developed from tropical soils in Africa and are useful in locations that do not host lakes and wetlands. Both tree demographics and soil charcoal suggest that changing forest disturbance regimes began during the past millennium. An understanding of history informs future conservation and appropriate management of these special places.
Using radiocarbon of plants to track inequity in urban environments
Authors: Heskel Mary , Hrycyna Elizabeth , Gomes Romeo , Mergenthal Jennings , Noor Saiido , Xu Xiaomei
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Over half of Earth's human population lives in urban areas where pollution from fossil fuel combustion threatens urban air quality and public health. The isotopic composition of plant tissues can be used as a tool to estimate local variation in the amount of fossil fuel–derived carbon dioxide. We present a case study that examines this variation against the backdrop of historic discriminatory policies in Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. Data suggest higher loads of atmospheric fossil carbon in neighborhood greenspaces that are situated closer to large roads, which often correspond with historical policies. Evidence of unequal fossil fuel combustion, and potentially pollution load, may precipitate changes in urban management or pollution mitigation strategies.
Characterization of Different Clay Mines and Preparation and Preservation Properties for Lateolabrax japonicas Fillets Unidirectional Water‐Conducting Preservation Pads Loading Clay Mines
Authors: Huang Haitao , Xv Zhaomeng , Qiao Yu , Ge Yonghong , Li Xiuxia , Li Qiuying , Sun Tong
Published: October 2024

In order to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the exudate of fresh aquatic products during storage. Absorbent paper, absorbent cotton and nylon mesh were used as the substrates, three types of clay minerals (diatomite, columnar diatomite and bentonite) were used as the water absorbing materials and a new type of unidirectional water‐conducting preservation pads was prepared. The physicochemical properties of water absorbing materials and preservation properties of pads for Lateolabrax japonicas fillets were measured. The results show that all three kinds of clay have good water absorption properties, and bentonite exhibits the highest water retention properties because of metal oxide. After absorbing water, the surface holes of diatomite and columnar diatomite particles are blocked, while the volume of bentonite particles increases. Bentonite absorbs water slowly but retains water best and can absorb 10.31 times its own mass of water. Preservation study shows that water absorption preservation pads can effectively absorb the exudate of fish fillets and slow down the deterioration of fish fillet quality. Bentonite preservation pad shows the best effective and extends the shelf life of L. japonicas fillets from 6 to 9.3 days. This research can provide the technical support for the application of preservation pads carrying clay minerals in the field of fresh aquatic products.
Event‐triggered distributed model predictive control for PWA systems
Authors: Ma Aoyun , Li Dewei , Xi Yugeng
Published: October 2024

The online computational burden and control performance are two main issues in implementing distributed model predictive control for piecewise affine systems. In the previous research, many methods have been proposed to solve these issues, such as a one‐step distributed model predictive control method that was proposed to reduce the heavy online computational burden. However, its control performance is limited because of the one‐step prediction horizon. This article proposes an event‐triggered distributed model predictive control algorithm for such systems. The online computational burden is alleviated within the distributed framework through the use of an event‐triggered mechanism and a variable prediction horizon approach. These strategies not only reduce the number of optimization problems requiring online resolution and simplify them, but also allow for a balance between the control performance and the online computational burden by adjusting event‐triggering thresholds. The algorithm utilizes state tubes and terminal sets that are tailored to the characteristics of the piecewise affine systems, thereby rigorously establishing the recursive feasibility of the optimization problems and the stability of the closed‐loop system. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Artificial intelligence‐driven sustainability: Enhancing carbon capture for sustainable development goals– A review
Authors: Manikandan Sivasubramanian , Kaviya Rangarajan Sindhu , Shreeharan Dhamodharan Hemnath , Subbaiya Ramasamy , Vickram Sundaram , Karmegam Natchimuthu , Kim Woong , Govarthanan Muthusamy
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and environmental points are equally important components within the response to local weather change. Therefore, based on the efforts of reducing carbon emissions more efficiently and effectively, this study tries to focus on AI integration with carbon capture technology. The urgency of tackling climate change means we need more advanced carbon capture, and this is an area where AI can make a huge impact in how these technologies are operated and managed. It will minimize manufacturing emissions and improve both resource efficiency as well as our planet's environmental footprint by turning waste into something of value again. Artificial intelligence could be leveraged to analyze huge data sets from carbon capture plants, searching for optimal system settings and more efficient ways of identifying patterns in the available information at a larger scale than currently possible. In addition, AI incorporated sensors and monitoring mechanisms in the supply chain can identify any operational failure at reception itself allowing for timely action to protect those areas. Artificial intelligence also helps generative design for carbon capture materials, which allows researchers to explore new types of carbon‐absorbing material, including metal–organic frameworks and polymeric materials that are important in industrial CO2, such as moisture. In addition, it increases the accuracy of reservoir simulations and controls CO2 injection systems for storage or enhanced oil recovery. Through applying AI algorithms on reservoir geology, production performance and real‐time data this study would like to facilitate the optimization of injection processes as well as minimize CO2 emissions while assuring a maximum efficiency. Artificial intelligence integrates with renewable‐based carbon capture efforts that can be employed by AI‐driven smart grid systems to improve carbon capture methods.
Fabrication and Properties of in Situ Cross‐Linked Supramolecular Gel Based on Host‐Guest Interaction
Authors: Shao Minglu , Gong Jing , Cheng Mengjie , Fu Lipei , Liao Kaili , Chang Ailian
Published: October 2024

Water‐cut control is critical to efficient reservoir development. In this investigation, a host‐guest inclusion polymer gels system with self‐assembly features was constructed stemming from the host‐guest recognition mechanism. Subsequently, the elements affecting polymer viscosity were discussed. Eventually, the injectivity and plugging performance of the host‐guest inclusion system were measured by core displacement tests. The results indicated that the optimum synthesis temperature of the host polymer and guest polymer were 30 °C and 40 °C, separately, and the optimum total monomer content should be 20 wt%. The polymer system had excellent thickening properties and shearing resistance resulting from host‐guest inclusion interaction and physical hydrophobic association. Meanwhile, it had better plugging performance than host polymer or guest polymer alone. This profile control agent system provides a novel method for settling deep profile control in oilfields.
Formation of Ni‐MOF Derived Nickel Sulfides as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Through Optimizing the Sulfur Sources Selection
Authors: Wu Fang , Jiao Yuhong , Ge Jin‐Long , Feng Chao , Wu Zhong , Zhu Yujun , Li Qiu
Published: October 2024

Developing low‐cost and exceedingly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital for application of hydrogen production from water splitting. Herein, three different nickel sulfides on nickel foam were fabricated via a simple sulfuring the as‐formed Ni‐MOF with different sulfide as the sulfur source. The effect of sulfur source on OER performance, morphology and structure of the as‐prepared product are well discussed. The optimized Ni‐MOF/NF‐SS deliver overpotentials of 253 and 330 mV to reach current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 70.9 mVdec−1, and stability of over 50 h. This work provides insights into the relationship between the OER activity and the structures of nickel sulfides, but also affords a new route to fabricate nickel sulfides‐based electrocatalysts for OER.
Tailoring the Li+ Intercalation Energy of Carbon Nanocage Anodes Via Atomic Al‐Doping for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingmiao , Xiang Jianfei , Shi Qitao , Li Luwen , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Xiangqi , Zhang Cheng , Wang Zhipeng , Zhang Junjin , Hu Huimin , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Trzebicka Barbara , Chen Jin , Guo Tianxiao , Shen Yanbin , Choi Jinho , Huang Cheng , Rümmeli Mark H.
Published: October 2024

Graphitic carbon materials are widely used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their stability and high conductivity. However, graphite anodes have low specific capacity and degrade over time, limiting their application. To meet advanced energy storage needs, high‐performance graphitic carbon materials are required. Enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon materials can be achieved through boron and nitrogen doping and incorporating 3D structures such as carbon nanocages (CNCs). In this study, aluminum (Al) is introduced into CNC lattices via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The hollow structure of CNCs enables fast electrolyte penetration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Al doping lowers the intercalation energy of Li+. The Al–boron (B)–nitrogen (N‐doped CNC (AlBN‐CNC) anode demonstrates an ultrahigh rate capacity (≈300 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and a prolonged fast‐charging lifespan (862.82 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles), surpassing the N‐doped or BN‐doped CNCs. Al doping improves charging kinetics and structural stability. Surprisingly, AlBN‐CNCs exhibit increased capacity upon cycling due to enlarged graphitic interlayer spacing. Characterization of graphitic nanostructures confirms that Al doping effectively tailors and enhances their electrochemical properties, providing a new strategy for high‐capacity, fast‐charging graphitic carbon anode materials for next‐generation LIBs.
Self‐Adhesive Electronic Skin with Bio‐Inspired 3D Architecture for Mechanical Stimuli Monitoring and Human‐Machine Interactions
Authors: Dai Wenxue , Lei Ming , Dai Ziyi , Ding Sen , Wang Fangcheng , Fang Dan , Wang Rongmei , Qi Biao , Zhang Guoping , Zhou Bingpu
Published: October 2024

Recent development of wearable devices is revolutionizing the way of artificial electronic skins (E‐skin), physiological health monitoring and human‐machine interactions (HMI). However, challenge remains to fit flexible electronic devices to the human skin with conformal deformation and identifiable electrical feedback according to the mechanical stimuli. Herein, an adhesive E‐skin is developed that can firmly attach on the human skin for mechanical stimuli perception. The laser‐induced adhesive layer serves as the essential component to ensure the conformal attachment of E‐skin on curved surface, which ensures the accurate conversion from mechanical deformation to precise electrical readouts. Especially, the 3D architecture facilitates the non‐overlapping outputs that bi‐directional joint bending and distinguishes strain/pressure. The optimized E‐skin with bio‐inspired micro‐cilia exhibited significantly improved sensing performances with sensitivity of 0.652 kPa−1 in 0–4 kPa and gauge factor of 8.13 for strain (0–15%) with robustness. Furthermore, the adhesive E‐skin can distinguish inward/outward joint bending in non‐overlapping behaviors, allowing the establishment of ternary system to expand communication capacity for logic outputs such as effective Morse code and intelligent control. It expects that the adhesive E‐skin can serve as a functional bridge between human and electrical terminals for applications from daily mechanical monitoring to efficient HMI.
Rational Design of Highly Porous Donor–Acceptor Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Photocatalytic Benzylamine Coupling Reaction
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Mondal Sumanta , Ghosh Anirban , Banerjee Soumadip , Das Abhijit K. , Bhaumik Asim
Published: October 2024

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are an important class of organic materials with several useful features like, inherent nanoscale porosity, large specific surface area and semiconducting properties, which are very demanding for various sustainable applications. Carbazole building blocks are extensively used in designing photocatalysts due to easy electron donation and hole transportation. In the current study, a new CMP material CBZ‐CMP containing carbazole unit used for photocatalytic C═N coupling reaction under blue light irradiation is designed. The CBZ‐CMP framework is made through the polycondensation of 4,4′‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl using FeCl3 as a catalyst. The CBZ‐CMP shows very high BET surface area of 1536 m2 g−1 together with unimodal porosity (ca. 1.7 nm supermicropore), nanowire‐like particle morphology (16–18 nm diameter), and low band gap property. The bi‐phenyl moiety functions as the electron accepting center and the carbazole unit acts as the donor center, which accounts for the low band gap energy of CBZ‐CMP. This nanoporous semiconducting CBZ‐CMP material for photocatalytic benzylamine coupling reaction is explored, where it shows good conversion together with high selectivity under mild reaction conditions. This study offers simple method of preparation of a D–A–D‐based porous photocatalyst for sustainable synthesis of value‐added organics.
Selection of Fusion-Site Overhang Sets for High-Fidelity and High-Complexity Golden Gate Assembly
Authors: Lohman Gregory J. S.
Published: October 2024

Golden Gate Assembly depends on the accurate ligation of overhangs at fragment fusion sites to generate full-length products with all parts in the desired order. Traditionally, fusion-site sequences are selected by using validated sets of overhang sequences or by applying a handful of semi-empirical rules to guide overhang choice. While these approaches allow dependable assembly of 6–8 fragments in one pot, recent work has demonstrated that comprehensive measurement of ligase fidelity allows prediction of high-fidelity junction sets that enable much more complex assemblies of 12, 24, or even 36+ fragments in a single reaction that will join with high accuracy and efficiency. In this chapter, we outline the application of a set of online tools that apply these comprehensive datasets to the analysis of existing junction sets, the de novo selection of new high-fidelity overhang sets, the modification and expansion of existing sets, and the principles for dividing known sequences at an arbitrary number of high-fidelity breakpoints.
Robotic female artificial urinary sphincter implantation vs. male artificial urinary sphincter implantation for non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Dubois Alexandre , Lethuillier Valentine , Richard Claire , Haudebert Camille , Bentellis Imad , EL-Akri Mehdi , Freton Lucas , Manunta Andrea , Hascoet Juliette , Peyronnet Benoit
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Previous studies suggested better functional outcomes and longer device survival for female artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation compared to male AUS implantation. We hypothesized that the adoption of robotic approaches for female implantation might have influenced these comparisons. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic female AUS and male AUS implantation for non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts of male patients who had AUS implantation and female patients who underwent robotic AUS implantation for non-neurogenic SUI between 2010 and 2022 at a single center. Prior AUS implantations were exclusion criteria. The primary endpoint was continence status at 3 months, categorized as complete resolution of SUI (0 pad), improved SUI (1pad), or unchanged SUI (>1pad).

Results

After excluding 79 patients, 171 were included: 70 women and 101 men. Operative time was shorter in males (126.9 vs. 165.5 min; p < 0.0001). Postoperative complication rates were similar (17.3% vs. 22.9%; p = 0.38). Continence status at 3 months and last follow-up favored females. The ICIQ-SF decrease at 3 months was greater in females (-7.2 vs. -4.6; p < 0.001). The 5-year estimated explantation-free survival was similar (78.6% vs. 73.7%; p = 0.94) as was the revision-free survival (67.4% vs. 61.7%; p = 0.89). Multivariate analysis showed that female gender was associated with better continence at last follow-up (OR = 4.3; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Robotic female AUS implantation is associated with better functional outcomes than male AUS implantation, with similar morbidity and survival rates.
Postoperative rectovaginal fistula: stoma may not be necessary—a French retrospective cohort
Authors: Poitevin Maëlig , Hamel Jean-Francois , Ngoma Marie , Brochard Charlène , Duchalais Emilie , Siproudhis Laurent , Faucheron Jean-Luc , de Parades Vincent , Alves Arnaud , Cotte Eddy , Ouaissi Mehdi , Bridoux Valérie , Corbière Lisa , Ortega-Deballon Pablo , Abo-Alhassan Fawaz , Trilling Bertrand , Venara Aurélien
Published: October 2024

Background

Postoperative rectovaginal fistula leads to a loss of patients’ quality of life and presents significant challenges to the surgeon. The literature focusing specifically on postoperative rectovaginal fistulas is limited. The objective of the present study is to identify factors that can enhance the success of the management of this postoperative rectovaginal fistula.

Methods

This retrospective multicentric study included all patients undergoing surgery for rectovaginal fistulas, excluding those for whom the etiology of rectovaginal fistula was not postoperative. The major outcome measure was the success of the procedure.

Results

A total of 82 patients with postsurgical fistulas were identified, of whom 70 were successfully treated, giving a success rate of 85.4%. On average, these patients required 3.04 ± 2.72 interventions. The creation of a diversion stoma did not increase the success rate of management [odds ratio (OR) = 0.488; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.107–2.220]. Among the 217 procedures performed, 69 were successful, accounting for a 31.8% success rate. The number of interventions and the creation of a diversion stoma did not correlate with the success of management. However, direct coloanal anastomosis was significantly associated with success (OR = 35.06; 95% CI 1.271–997.603; p = 0.036) as compared with endorectal advancement flap (ERAF). Other procedures such as Martius flap did not show a significantly higher success rate.

Conclusion

The creation of a diversion stoma is not necessary in closing a fistula. ERAF should be considered as a first-line treatment prior to proposing more invasive approach such as direct coloanal anastomosis.
Guilt aversion and moral commitment: Eve versus Adam
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Dufwenberg Martin , Papa Stefano , Razzolini Laura
Published: October 2024

We explore gender differences in individuals’ motivations. We focus on guilt aversion and moral commitment. Our experiment supports the idea that men are more guilt-averse than women, while moral motivations drive more women's actions in a random dictator game with pre-play communication.
S. Stefano al Monte Celio, Donnchad mac Briain and papal legates in Ireland, 1064–1203
Authors: Harrington Jesse P.
Published: October 2024

In 1064, Donnchad mac Briain, son of Brian Bóroma and deposed claimant to the kingship of Ireland, went on pilgrimage to Rome, where he was buried in the important basilica and martyr shrine of S. Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian Hill. More than a century later, in the transformative period 1176–1203 which followed the English conquest of Ireland, the papal legati a latere sent with full legatine authority and jurisdiction in Ireland appear to have been drawn exclusively from the church of S. Stefano. This article first considers the circumstances and symbolism of Donnchad's pilgrimage and burial, alongside its long-term impact on Hiberno-Papal relations and on the papacy's conceptions of Irish sovereignty in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It also explores the careers and missions of the cardinal priests and papal legates of S. Stefano to the peripheries of Latin Christendom in the long twelfth century, including at least one legate in Ireland, Gerard, who has hitherto awaited formal identification. Based on the legatine evidence, it suggests that in the decades of the English invasion, the papacy began using the burial site of the heir to arguably the last effective king of Ireland as part of a conscious and consistent rhetorical strategy, allowing it to dispose matters of sovereignty in Ireland.
Black spirituals for Irish evangelicals: the Fisk Jubilee Singers’ Irish tours, 1873–6
Authors: Doyle Mark
Published: October 2024

From 1873 to 1876, the Fisk Jubilee Singers, an African-American choral troupe from Nashville, Tennessee visited Ireland three times. This article details their experiences and impressions of the country, focusing especially on the relationship they forged with their Irish evangelical sponsors and audiences. While the Jubilee Singers’ story is typically told as an inspirational tale of triumph over adversity, this article argues that there is another way of framing the narrative that emphasises the centrality of evangelical Protestantism to the Jubilee Singers’ mission. The Irish tours brought this dimension into full relief, demonstrating how evangelicalism fostered a degree of mutual understanding between the singers and Irish Protestants while also serving to exclude Irish Catholics. This article also examines audience responses to the Jubilee Singers, particularly the racial and aesthetic concepts they used to describe them. For all that the singers were familiar on account of their faith, they were unfamiliar on account of their race; this tension structured not only Irish responses to the singers, but also the singers’ responses to Ireland.
Stationary measures and the continuous-state branching process conditioned on extinction
Authors: Liu Rongli , Ren Yan-Xia , Yang Ting
Published: October 2024

We consider continuous-state branching processes (CB processes) which become extinct almost surely. First, we tackle the problem of describing the stationary measures on

$(0,+\infty)$

for such CB processes. We give a representation of the stationary measure in terms of scale functions of related Lévy processes. Then we prove that the stationary measure can be obtained from the vague limit of the potential measure, and, in the critical case, can also be obtained from the vague limit of a normalized transition probability. Next, we prove some limit theorems for the CB process conditioned on extinction in a near future and on extinction at a fixed time. We obtain non-degenerate limit distributions which are of the size-biased type of the stationary measure in the critical case and of the Yaglom distribution in the subcritical case. Finally we explore some further properties of the limit distributions.
Civilising loss of control? The role of criminal justice gatekeepers
Authors: Carline Anna , Gibson Matthew , Singh Sarah , Soubise Laurene
Published: October 2024

Since its inception in England and Wales, the partial defence to murder of loss of control has generated a steady stream of appeals. Individually, those appeals have illuminated key aspects of the plea's operation. This paper, though, is the first to explore that operation via a systematic analysis of every loss of control appeal to date (110 cases). Using that data, the paper frames more effectively, and thus improves understanding of, a neglected phenomenon in the plea: specifically, the decision-making roles of criminal justice ‘gatekeepers’ – principally trial judges, juries and prosecutors – in governing access to loss of control. In doing so, the paper assesses how far these gatekeepers interpret the plea's requirements in a ‘civilising’ way – one which prioritises meritorious loss of control claims above those which are unmeritorious. It contends that each gatekeeper struggles to regulate loss of control in such a way. Ultimately, this diminishes the symbolic value these reforms may have had and frustrates any civilising potential of homicide law reform.
Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen – ein wichtiges Thema für die Suchtmedizin?
Authors: Landgraf Mirjam N. , Strieker Sonja , Heinen Florian , Schmid Maximilian J.
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Im folgenden Artikel geben wir Ihnen einen Überblick über Pathophysiologie, Screening, Diagnose, Therapie und Prognose bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Fetalen Alkoholspektrumstörungen (FASD). Methodik: Für dieses narrative Review wurden internationale Studien der letzten 30 Jahre recherchiert und deren Ergebnisse zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse: Ein zuverlässiges, den Alkoholkonsum in der gesamten Schwangerschaft abdeckendes Screening auf FASD ist bisher nicht vorhanden. Zur Diagnose der FASD kann eine deutsche S3-Leitlinie herangezogen werden. Die meisten Therapien für Kinder und Jugendliche mit FASD sind pädagogisch-psychologisch ausgerichtet und werden symptomorientiert teilweise durch medikamentöse Ansätze begleitet. Prognostisch handelt es sich bei FASD um eine chronische Behinderung. Fachkräfte der Suchtmedizin sind für die Prävention und Früherkennung von FASD von großer Bedeutung. Schlussfolgerung: FASD ist eine häufige, komplexe Erkrankung, über die in der Fachwelt noch unzureichendes Wissen besteht. Disziplinen-spezifische und Disziplinen-übergreifende Fortbildung und Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich Alkoholkonsums in der Schwangerschaft und FASD ist daher dringend notwendig.
Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Mons Ute , Schaller Katrin
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Sowohl Alkohol- als auch Tabakkonsum während der Schwangerschaft bedeuten erhebliche Gesundheitsrisiken für das ungeborene Kind. Dazu gehören Entwicklungsstörungen und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen bei den Kindern. Durch Verzicht auf Alkohol und Tabak während der Schwangerschaft sind diese Risiken vollständig vermeidbar. Ziel: Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Möglichkeiten der Prävention und Intervention, wie Aufklärung, Kurzinterventionen und Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsangebote. Des Weiteren wird die Bedeutung eines systematischen Screenings in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitssystems hervorgehoben, um Schwangere frühzeitig zu identifizieren und so den Zugang zu Unterstützungsangeboten zu ermöglichen. Schlussfolgerungen: Allerdings behindern gravierende Lücken im deutschen Versorgungssystem eine leitliniengerechte Prävention und Behandlung. Nicht zuletzt ist es eine gesamtgesellschaftliche und gesundheitspolitische Aufgabe, ein Umfeld zu schaffen, in dem der Verzicht auf Alkohol und Tabak die Norm darstellt und so die Entscheidung für ein rauch- und alkoholfreies Leben, während der Schwangerschaft und darüber hinaus, gefördert wird.
Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Schecke Henrike , Wagner Jessica , Richter-Schmidinger Tanja , Bolbecher Gisela , Michalowski Gisela , Landgraf Mirjam N. , Feldmann Reinhold , Zimmermann Ulrich , Wolter Heike , Schwerg Lina , Kruse Björn , Becker Gela , Widder-König Michael , Lenz Bernd
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mit einer geschätzten Prävalenz von 1 bis 2 pro 100 Personen sind Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörungen (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [FASD]) in Europa häufig und verbunden mit einer hohen Belastung für Menschen mit FASD, deren Angehörige sowie die Gesellschaft. Es handelt sich um komplexe Erkrankungen mit Einschränkungen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen inklusive Verhalten, Leistungsfähigkeit und Selbständigkeit. Zur Diagnostik von FASD im Kindes- und Jugendalter steht eine S3-Leitlinie zur Verfügung. Ziel: Wir präsentieren hier einen Autor_innenkonsens zur FASD-Diagnostik bei Erwachsenen. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben der schwächeren Evidenz für das Erwachsenenalter ist ein wesentliches Problem, dass nur wenige Standorte entsprechende Leistungen anbieten. Die Folge ist eine unzureichende Diagnostik- und Versorgungsstruktur in Deutschland. Zur Verbesserung der Situation ergeben sich die folgenden vier Ansatzpunkte: (1) Konsequentere Nutzung der verfügbaren Screeninginstrumente in der allgemeinmedizinischen, psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung; (2) Aufbau weiterer spezialisierter Diagnostikzentren; (3) Etablierung zusätzlicher spezialisierter Therapie- und Wohneinrichtungen; und (4) Förderung von Forschung zu FASD über die gesamte Lebensspanne. Diese Schritte werden zu einer Verbesserung der Behandlung und Versorgung von Personen mit FASD führen.
Planetary Geologic Maps: Essential Tools for Scientific Inquiry and Space Exploration
Authors: Luna Jeannette Wolak , Iqbal Wajiha , Bernhardt Hannes , El Bilali Hafida , Krasilnikov Sergey , Krasilnikov Alexander , van der Bogert Carolyn , Pondrelli Monica , Frigeri Alessandro , Massironi Matteo , Ivanov Mikhail , Basilevsky Alexander , Kumar P. Senthil , Dhingra Deepak , Ruj Trishit , Xiao Long , Ji Jinzhu , Aharonson Oded , Rothery David , Hiesinger Harald , Skinner James A. , Head James , Ernst Richard , Osinski Gordon
Published: October 2024

Planetary geologic maps are crucial tools for understanding the geological features and processes of solid bodies in the Solar System. Over the past six decades, best practices in planetary geologic mapping have emphasized clear and objective observation, geological interpretation, multi‐sensor fusion, and iterative revision of maps based on new data. We summarize here four ways in which maps serve as indispensable instruments for scientific investigation, from enhancing observations to interrogating surface processes. With respect to space exploration, we underscore the role of planetary geologic maps as tools to link testable, hypothesis‐driven science to exploration goals and provide actionable information for hazard identification, resource evaluation, sample collection, and potential infrastructure development. To further advance the field of planetary geologic mapping, international collaboration is essential. This includes sharing data and maps through FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) platforms, establishing standardized mapping practices, promoting diverse nomenclature, and fostering continued cooperation in space exploration.
A comparison of human, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 performance in a university-level coding course
Authors: Yeadon Will , Peach Alex , Testrow Craig
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT variants, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, both with and without prompt engineering, against solely student work and a mixed category containing both student and GPT-4 contributions in university-level physics coding assignments using the Python language. Comparing 50 student submissions to 50 AI-generated submissions across different categories, and marked blindly by three independent markers, we amassed $$n = 300$$

n
=
300

data points. Students averaged 91.9% (SE:0.4), surpassing the highest performing AI submission category, GPT-4 with prompt engineering, which scored 81.1% (SE:0.8)—a statistically significant difference (p = $$2.482 \times 10^{-10}$$

2.482
×

10

-
10

). Prompt engineering significantly improved scores for both GPT-4 (p = $$1.661 \times 10^{-4}$$

1.661
×

10

-
4

) and GPT-3.5 (p = $$4.967 \times 10^{-9}$$

4.967
×

10

-
9

). Additionally, the blinded markers were tasked with guessing the authorship of the submissions on a four-point Likert scale from ‘Definitely AI’ to ‘Definitely Human’. They accurately identified the authorship, with 92.1% of the work categorized as ‘Definitely Human’ being human-authored. Simplifying this to a binary ‘AI’ or ‘Human’ categorization resulted in an average accuracy rate of 85.3%. These findings suggest that while AI-generated work closely approaches the quality of university students’ work, it often remains detectable by human evaluators.