bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost and weight efficient partitioning of composite automotive structures
Authors: Mårtensson Per , Zenkert Dan , Åkermo Malin
Published: September 2015

To make carbon fiber composites not only weight but also cost effective in high volume production the different cost drivers need to be addressed and new design philosophies considered. This study analyzes integral and differential design approaches when partitioning large complex composite structures. The influence of different partition philosophies are investigated based on a framework of composites manufacturing cost modelling and structural optimization and the effects are exemplified by a case study. The results show that depending on how the partitioning is made the structural performance and the manufacturing cost is affected. More particularly, if the partitioning is made with the most beneficial philosophy differential designs can improve both these important parameters. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2174–2181, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polystyrene‐b‐poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate)‐b‐polystyrene copolymers: Synthesis and fabrication of their hydrophobic porous films, spheres, and fibers
Authors: Lv Chi , Cui Kun , Li Shu‐Cai , Wu Hao‐Tian , Ma Zhi
Published: September 2015

New block copolymers Polystyrene‐b‐poly (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate)‐b‐Polystyrene (PS‐PTFEA‐PS) with controlled molecular weight (Mn=5000‐11000 g⋅mol−1) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn=1.13‐1.17) were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The molecular structure and component of PS‐PTFEA‐PS block copolymers were characterized through 1H NMR, 19F NMR, GPC, FT‐IR and elemental analysis. The porous films of such copolymers with average pore size of 0.80‐1.34 μm and good regularity were fabricated via a static breath‐figure (BF) process. The effects of solvent, temperature, and polymer concentration on the surface morphology of such film were investigated. In addition, microstructured spheres and fibers of such block copolymers were fabricated by electrospinning process and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of porous films, spheres, and fibers was investigated. The porous film showed a good hydrophobicity with the water‐droplet contact angles of 129°, and the fibers showed higher hydrophobicity with the water‐droplet contact angles of 142°. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 678–685
Family caregivers require mental health specialists for end‐of‐life psychosocial problems at home: a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Kobayakawa Makoto , Okamura Hitoshi , Yamagishi Akemi , Morita Tatsuya , Kawagoe Shohei , Shimizu Megumi , Ozawa Taketoshi , An Emi , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: September 2015

Background

Psychological distress is problematic for patients and their family caregivers in the oncological setting. The level of stress is influenced by the health status of the patient and their family members as well as the support system for home care. However, it remains unclear how best to support distressed caregivers providing end‐of‐life care at home.

Methods

The present study was performed as part of the Japan Hospice and Palliative Care Evaluation study among caregivers whose family members are provided home palliative care. The caregivers were asked whether they wished to receive psychological support from mental health specialists, and factors associated with the need for psychological support were analyzed.

Results

Of the 1052 caregivers, 628 completed the questionnaire. As a whole, 169 subjects [27%; 23–30% (95% confidence interval)] reported needing psychological support from a mental health specialist. According to a multiple regression analysis, factors associated with the need for psychological support included (1) emotional distress due to the need to adapt to rapid worsening of the patient's condition [adjusted odds ratio: 2.62 (95% CI 1.77–3.88), p < 0.001], (2) the poor health conditions of the caregivers [2.93 (1.61–5.36), p < 0.001], and (3) having someone else available to care for the patient in place of the caregiver [0.51 (0.34–0.78), p = 0.002].

Conclusions

Psychological support is required for caregivers tending to patients at home. Further studies are needed to construct a system to provide continuous support to caregivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrusion detection alert management for high‐speed networks: current researches and applications
Authors: Sallay Hassen , Bourouis Sami
Published: September 2015

We propose an intrusion detection alert classifier based on a discriminative machine learning approach satisfying high‐speed networks constraints. We mainly address the huge number of alerts and the high level rate of false ones produced in such environment. The classifier is based on online‐adaptive support vector machine schemes. We demonstrate the utility of the developed method through extensive simulations and experiments against three data sets. Our intrusion alert classifier is crucial for forensics expert alert analysis and security threats understanding. It assists in taking the appropriate defensive and investigative actions, and therefore, it enhances the forensics readiness process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Low Cycle Fatigue of Ferritic–Martensitic P92 Steel: Effect of Temperature
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Jiang Yong , Gong Jianming , Zhao Yanping , Huang Xin
Published: September 2015

Isothermal, strain‐controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests of P92 steel are conducted in air at different temperatures ranging from 20 to 650 °C and various strain ranges to clarify the influence of temperature on its LCF behavior. A symmetrical triangular wave form and a constant 1.0 × 10−3 s−1 strain rate are employed for all the tests. Cyclic softening behavior is expressed in two ways: peak tensile stress in terms of cycle numbers and in terms of accumulated inelastic strain. Based on the definition of “inelastic ratio,” correlation between the value of accumulated inelastic strain () at the beginning of the second softening stage and the inelastic ratio can be distinctively divided into three regions. The modified cyclic plasticity model, in which a linear term is added into the isotropic hardening variable, is developed to simulate the stress–strain hysteresis loop and the cyclic softening curve. Additionally, parameters in the modified isotropic hardening variable at different temperatures are correlated to the cyclic softening phenomenon. Performances of the modified model are assessed by comparing predictions with experimental results. Good predictive capability of the modified constitutive model is obtained.
Literacy and Language Teaching and Learning With Interactive Whiteboards in Early Schooling
Authors: Prinsloo Mastin , Sasman Felicity
Published: September 2015

Research on education and technology has sometimes examined model rather than typical practices, and has thus presented an idealized notion of what such resources might offer to situated users in education. This article asks what happens when particular digital resources, designed for one purpose, or carrying particular expectations regarding their uses, encounter complex, detailed, situated forms of life that differ in particular ways from those anticipated in the design of the digital resources. The study is that of teachers’ uses of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in a low‐socioeconomic environment on the Cape Flats in South Africa, in a classroom comprised of both middle‐class and working‐class children who bring a mix of English, Afrikaans, and isiXhosa home language resources to their learning. We draw on orientations to the study of language as heteroglossic and networked, to literacy as situated social practices, and to communication as multimodal to argue thatIWBs function in this context asboundary objects, with a high degree of interpretive flexibility in that they are weakly structured transcontextually, but strongly structured in local use. Rather than contributing to a transformation of language and literacy pedagogy, they get taken hold of and used by teachers to complement their pre‐existing pedagogical strategies.
Sex in the Shadow of the Law: Regulating Sex Work and Human Trafficking in Singapore
Authors: CHAPMAN-SCHMIDT Ben
Published: September 2015

This paper uses Singapore as a case study in how the international anti-trafficking movement has influenced the regulation of sex work. In doing this, it explores the various historical, geographical, and socio-legal factors which have shaped Singapore’s system of regulation. It then presents the contemporary composition of the regulation of sex work in Singapore: a system of informal rules and protections hidden in the shadow of formal legal institutions. Finally, it analyses the impact of the international anti-trafficking movement, with specific emphasis on the American Trafficking in Persons Report, on Singapore’s regulation of sex work. It suggests that the recent increase of police raids on red light districts is aimed primarily at image control, and that these raids are undermining a functioning regulatory system. It concludes by suggesting that to improve upon its existing regulatory system, Singapore should focus on eliminating sex worker stigma and improving the rights of migrant workers.
READING CICERO'S AD FAMILIARES 1 AS A COLLECTION
Authors: Grillo Luca
Published: September 2015

Toward the end of the Republic, Cicero was not alone in planning to collect his own letters for publication (Att. 16.5.5). Most likely, Caesar (Suet. Iul. 55.1; Gell. NA 17.9) and Varro, among others, intended to do the same, and Cicero had access to letters by the Elder Cato (Off. 1.36–7) and Cornelia (Brut. 211). But it was not only authors or recipients who assembled and circulated letters. In December 59, Cicero wrote to his brother Quintus, who was concluding his mandate as governor of Asia, and encouraged him to leave behind a positive image of himself (relinque, quaeso, quam iocundissimam memoriam tui, QFr. 1.2.8). In particular, Cicero did not hide his concern at some carelessness Quintus displayed in sending out certain letters (litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam, 1.2.7): of those, Quintus should destroy the ones he was able to find (tolle omnis, si potes, iniquas, tolle inusitatas, tolle contrarias, 1.2.8), while nothing could be done about some collections which had already been circulated and criticized (esse uolumina selectarum epistularum quae reprehendi solerent, 1.2.8). In other words, both the authors (or their friends) and their ill-wishers selected, assembled and circulated letters. Who chose which letters mattered enormously, since collections had the power to enhance or damage a person's public image.
Pharyngeal pouch management: an historical review
Authors: Stewart K , Sen P
Published: September 2015

Background:

Management of the pharyngeal pouch has evolved enormously since the first description by Ludlow in 1764 and the first case series by Zenker and Von Ziemssen in 1877. With the introduction of antibiotics, and the advancement of surgical technique with the advent of endoscopic surgery and lasers, current management is vastly different to that in the nineteenth century.

Objectives:

This paper traces the history of pharyngeal pouch management, and discusses the various treatment options and opinions recorded during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, comparing these with techniques popular today.

Results and conclusion:

Pharyngeal pouch surgery has been associated with significant morbidity, both because of the elderly age of patients typically affected by the condition and because of the surgery itself and potential post-operative complications encountered. The historical development of pharyngeal pouch management and the understanding of pharyngeal pouch pathophysiology are discussed.
Sign-Based Construction Grammar: A guided tour
Authors: VAN EYNDE FRANK
Published: September 2015

Sign-Based Construction Grammar (sbcg) is, on the one hand, a formalized version of Berkeley Construction Grammar (bcg), and, on the other hand, a further development of constructionist Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (hpsg). The volume edited by Hans Boas and Ivan Sag is the first book length presentation of the framework. Its centerpiece is a 130-page synopsis of the theory by Ivan Sag. The other contributions to the volume provide background, justification, case studies, an extension to diachronic syntax and a presentation of the FrameNet Constructicon. This review gives a guided tour of the framework, explaining its central notions and assumptions, as well as the notation in which they are cast. It also compares the sbcg framework with other types of Construction Grammar and with hpsg. The case studies are summarized and briefly evaluated.
Simultaneous evaluation of plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential in bovine spermatozoa by flow cytometry
Authors: Kanno Chihiro , Kang Sung-Sik , Kitade Yasuyuki , Yanagawa Yojiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Nagano Masashi
Published: September 2015

The present study aimed to develop an objective evaluation procedure to estimate the plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential of bull spermatozoa simultaneously by flow cytometry. Firstly, we used frozen–thawed semen mixed with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% dead spermatozoa. Semen was stained using three staining solutions: SYBR-14, propidium iodide (PI), and phycoerythrin-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PE–PNA), for the evaluation of plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity. Then, characteristics evaluated by flow cytometry and by fluorescence microscopy were compared. Characteristics of spermatozoa (viability and acrosomal integrity) evaluated by flow cytometry and by fluorescence microscopy were found to be similar. Secondly, we attempted to evaluate the plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and also mitochondrial membrane potential of spermatozoa by flow cytometry using conventional staining with three dyes (SYBR-14, PI, and PE–PNA) combined with MitoTracker Deep Red (MTDR) staining (quadruple staining). The spermatozoon characteristics evaluated by flow cytometry using quadruple staining were then compared with those of staining using SYBR-14, PI, and PE–PNA and staining using SYBR-14 and MTDR. There were no significant differences in all characteristics (viability, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential) evaluated by quadruple staining and the other procedures. In conclusion, quadruple staining using SYBR-14, PI, PE–PNA, and MTDR for flow cytometry can be used to evaluate the plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential of bovine spermatozoa simultaneously.
Ājīvikas, Maṇibhadra and Early History of Eastern Bengal: A New Copperplate Inscription of Vainyagupta and its Implications
Authors: FURUI RYOSUKE
Published: September 2015

A new copperplate inscription of Vainyagupta, to be presented in this article, is important as one of the rare sources that provide a glimpse of the later history of the Ājīvikas. It also tells us about their worship of Maṇibhadra, one of the eminent yakṣas, with interesting information on his iconography. Finally, it gives us some insights into the early history of Samataṭa, a subregion of Bengal on its eastern fringe, as it includes a copy of the grant of an earlier king named Nāthacandra. In this article, I will present an edition of the inscription and discuss some historical aspects revealed by it in connection with other sources.
Beyond Obligation: Reasons and Supererogation
Authors: Ferry Michael
Published: September 2015

Morality makes many demands on us. But few of us believe that we must do, morally speaking, the best that we can. There is a category of acts, the supererogatory, that involve going beyond our obligations. It seems perfectly plausible, for example, that the moral perfectionist would donate her fifty dollars to UNICEF though the rest of us are within our moral prerogative when we buy ourselves shoes instead. Although donating to UNICEF is considered especially good, it is usually accepted that morality permits us to buy the shoes; buying shoes is not considered a moral failing. When we consider our reactions to examples like this one, the idea that morality does not demand that we do our best is quite intuitive. On its face, however, it is rather curious. If in a given situation it would be morally better to give to UNICEF than to buy shoes, then how is it not a moral failing when one buys the shoes?
European Communities – Trade Description of Sardines: Textualism and its Discontent
Authors: Horn Henrik , Weiler Joseph H. H.
Published: September 2015

The facts of EC – Sardines are simple enough. A European Communities (EC) regulation stipulated that the designation Sardines could be used on preserved fish only for the genus Sardina pilchardus. The broad rationale claimed for this measure was to prevent consumer confusion. Allegedly European consumers associated the appellation “Sardines” with the pilchardus genus. Subsequently the Codex Alimentarius Commission set an international standard which effectively would allow other types of fish e.g. the genus Sardinops sagax, to use the word Sardine as part of its packaging designation. Peru, which exports Sardinops to Europe could not, under the Community regulation, use the designation Sardines in any shape or manner even though this prohibition would be contrary to the international standard set by the Codex Commission.
Argentina – Import Measures (DS438, DS444, DS445)
Authors: Carlson Geoffrey
Published: September 2015

(1) The procedure connected to the Advance Sworn Import Declaration (Declaración Jurada Anticipada de Importación, DJAI), required by the Argentine Government since February 2012 for most imports of goods into Argentina; and (2) the imposition by Argentine authorities on economic operators of one or more trade-related requirements (TRRs) as a condition to import into Argentina or to obtain certain benefits.
US Countervailing Measures (China) (DS437)
Authors: Izadnia Rodd
Published: September 2015

Various aspects of 17 countervailing duty investigations conducted by the United States' Department of Commerce (USDOC) from 2007 through 2012.
Antidepressant Medication May Moderate the Effect of Depression	Duration on Hippocampus Volume
Authors: Rogers Mark A. , Yamasue Hidenori , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Hippocampus volume has been frequently, but not universally reported to be reduced in people with major depression relative to age-matched healthy controls. Among the potential reasons for this discrepancy in finding across studies is the effect of antidepressant medication. Hippocampus volume was determined by MRI (1.5 Tesla) for 10 people diagnosed with major depression for who detailed history of depression and antidepressant treatment history were known, and 10 age-matched healthy controls with no history of depression. Left, but not right, hippocampus volumes were significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation such that left hippocampus volume was smaller with increasing lifetime duration of depression. However, this relationship was moderated by a significant correlation such that greater lifetime duration of antidepressant medication was associated with larger left hippocampus volume. The findings support the contention that antidepressant medication may act to normalize hippocampus volume.
Empathy, Approach Attitude, and rTMs on Left DLPFC Affect Emotional Face Recognition and Facial Feedback (EMG)
Authors: Balconi Michela , Canavesio Ylenia
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Empathic trait (Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale [BEES]) and emotional attitude (Behavior Activation System [BAS]) were supposed to modulate emotional face recognition, based on left dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortex contribution. High-empathic trait (high-BEES) was compared with low-empathic trait (low-BEES), when detection performance (Accuracy Index; Response Times [RTs]) and facial activity (electromyogram, EMG, i.e., zygomatic and corrugators muscle activity) were analyzed. Moreover, the implication of the left DLPFC was tested by using low-frequency rTMS (repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) to induce a decreased response to facial expression of emotions when subjects (N = 46) were required to empathize with the emotional stimuli. EMG and behavioral responses were found to be modulated by BEES and BAS, with a decreased performance and a reduced facial responsiveness in response to happiness for high-BEES and high-BAS in the case of TMS on left DLPFC. Secondly, an emotion-specific effect was found: the DLPFC effect was observed for the positive emotion (happiness) more than for the negative emotions (anger and fear) with a decreased performance (lower Accuracy Index [AI] and higher RTs) and a decreased zygomatic muscle activity. Finally, a direct correlation was found between BEES and BAS and the latter was revealed to be predictive (regression analysis) of the behavioral and EMG modulation induced by TMS. These results suggest significant effect by empathic and emotional attitude component on both EMG and behavioral level in emotional face recognition. This mechanism appears to be supported and regulated by DLPFC. The lateralization (left) effect was discussed in light of the valence model of emotions.
A Preliminary Study of the Association Among Metacognition and	Resting State EEG in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vohs Jenifer L. , Leonhardt Bethany L. , Francis Michael M. , Westfall Daniel , Howell Josselyn , Bolbecker Amanda R. , O’Donnell Brian F. , Hetrick William P. , Lysaker Paul H.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Metacognition refers to a spectrum of activities that range from the consideration of discrete mental experiences, such as a specific thought or emotion, to the synthesis of discrete perceptions into integrated representations of the self and others as unique agents in the world. Metacognitive deficits have been observed in schizophrenia and linked with a number of behavioral correlates and outcomes. Less is known however about the neural systems associated with such processes. Establishing the link between brain activity and metacognition therefore is an essential next step. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) provides one possible avenue for investigating this link. EEG studies in schizophrenia suggest that the gamma frequency range may have functional significance and be related to the disturbed information processing often observed in the disorder. In the present investigation, we assessed metacognition among 20 individuals with prolonged schizophrenia using the Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated, who also participated in resting state EEG recording. We hypothesized that gamma activity would be associated with those domains of metacognition that require the most integration to perform, Decentration and Mastery. We then examined the association among gamma power and each metacognitive domain. Additional exploratory analyses were conducted across a spectrum of EEG activity. We found that increased gamma activity at rest was linked with decreased decentration. This suggests that hyperactivity in the gamma range may index disrupted processing and integration, and ultimately the metacognitive processes needed to form complex ideas about oneself and others and to see the world from multiple perspectives. This link provides additional evidence of how the biological roots of schizophrenia may culminate in a disrupted life.
Multiple helical configuration and quantity threshold of graphene nanoribbons inside a single-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Li Yifan , Chen Wei , Ren Hongru , Zhou Xuyan , Li Hui
Published: September 2015

Molecular dynamics simulation has been carried out to explore the configuration and quantity threshold of multiple graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The simulation results showed that several GNRs tangled together to form a perfect spiral structure to maximize the π-π stacking area when filling inside SWCNT. The formation of multiple helical configuration is influenced by the combined effect of structure stability, initial arrangement and tube space, meanwhile its forming time is related to helical angle. The simulated threshold of GNRs in SWCNT decreases with GNR width but increases with SWCNT diameter and two formulas have come up in this study to estimate the quantity threshold for GNRs. It has been found that multilayered graphite is hard to be stripped in SWCNT because the special helical configuration with incompletely separated GNRs is metastable. This work provides a possibility to control the configuration of GNR@SWCNT.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Li Yi , Hu Xiao-Di , Yang Rui-Heng , Hsiang Tom , Wang Ke , Liang De-Quan , Liang Fan , Cao De-Ming , Zhou Fan , Wen Ge , Yao Yi-Jian
Published: September 2015

As part of a genome sequencing project for Ophiocordyceps sinensis, strain 1229, a complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was assembled as a single circular dsDNA of 157,510 bp, one of the largest reported for fungi. Conserved genes including the large and small rRNA subunits, 27 tRNA and 15 protein-coding genes, were identified. In addition, 58 non-conserved open reading frames (ncORFs) in the intergenic and intronic regions were also identified. Transcription analyses using RNA-Seq validated the expression of most conserved genes and ncORFs. Fifty-two introns (groups I and II) were found within conserved genes, accounting for 68.5% of the genome. Thirty-two homing endonucleases (HEs) with motif patterns LAGLIDADG (21) and GIY-YIG (11) were identified in group I introns. The ncORFs found in group II introns mostly encoded reverse transcriptases (RTs). As in other hypocrealean fungi, gene contents and order were found to be conserved in the mt genome of O. sinensis, but the genome size was enlarged by longer intergenic regions and numerous introns. Intergenic and intronic regions were composed of abundant repetitive sequences usually associated with mobile elements. It is likely that intronic ncORFs, which encode RTs and HEs, may have contributed to the enlarged mt genome of O. sinensis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anti-aging Effect of Transplanted Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Premature Aging Model of Bmi-1 Deficiency
Authors: Xie Chunfeng , Jin Jianliang , Lv Xianhui , Tao Jianguo , Wang Rong , Miao Dengshun
Published: September 2015

To determine whether transplanted amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) ameliorated the premature senescent phenotype of Bmi-1-deficient mice, postnatal 2-day-old Bmi-1−/− mice were injected intraperitoneally with the second-passage AMSCs from amniotic membranes of β-galactosidase (β-gal) transgenic mice or wild-type (WT) mice labeled with DiI. Three reinjections were given, once every seven days. Phenotypes of 5-week-old β-gal+ AMSC-transplanted or 6-week-old DiI+ AMSC-transplanted Bmi-1−/− mice were compared with vehicle-transplanted Bmi-1−/− and WT mice. Vehicle-transplanted Bmi-1−/− mice displayed growth retardation and premature aging with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis; a decreased ratio and dysmaturity of lymphocytic series; premature osteoporosis with reduced osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis; redox imbalance and DNA damage in multiple organs. Transplanted AMSCs carried Bmi-1 migrated into multiple organs, proliferated and differentiated into multiple tissue cells, promoted growth and delayed senescence in Bmi-1−/− transplant recipients. The dysmaturity of lymphocytic series were ameliorated, premature osteoporosis were rescued by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis, the oxidative stress and DNA damage in multiple organs were inhibited by the AMSC transplantation in Bmi-1−/− mice. These findings indicate that AMSC transplantation ameliorated the premature senescent phenotype of Bmi-1-deficient mice and could be a novel therapy to delay aging and prevent aging-associated degenerative diseases.
Molecular Mechanism of Switching of TrkA/p75NTR Signaling in Monocrotophos Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Gupta Amit Kumar , Shukla Rajendra Kumar , Tripathi Vinay Kumar , Jahan Sadaf , Pandey Ankita , Srivastava Akriti , Agrawal Megha , Yadav Sanjay , Khanna Vinay Kumar , Pant Aditya Bhushan
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate the role of molecular switching of TrkA/p75NTR signaling cascade in organophosphate pesticide-Monocrotophos (MCP) induced neurotoxicity in stem cell derived cholinergic neurons and in rat brain. Our in-silico studies reveal that MCP followed the similar pattern of binding as staurosporine and AG-879 (known inhibitors of TrkA) with TrkA protein (PDB ID: 4AOJ) at the ATP binding sites. This binding of MCP to TrkA led to the conformational change in this protein and triggers the cell death cascades. The in-silico findings are validated by observing the down regulated levels of phosphorylated TrkA and its downstream molecules viz., pERK1/2, pAkt and pCREB in MCP-exposed cells. We observe that these MCP induced alterations in pTrkA and downstream signaling molecules are found to be associated with apoptosis and injury to neurons. The down-regulation of TrkA could be linked to increased p75NTR. The in-vitro studies could be correlated in the rat model. The switching of TrkA/p75NTR signaling plays a central role in MCP-induced neural injury in rBNSCs and behavioral changes in exposed rats. Our studies significantly advance the understanding of the switching of TrkA/p75NTR that may pave the way for the application of TrkA inducer/p75NTR inhibitor for potential therapeutic intervention in various neurodegenerative disorders.
Simulated Interactive Research Experiments as Educational Tools for Advanced Science
Authors: Tomandl Mathias , Mieling Thomas , Losert-Valiente Kroon Christiane M. , Hopf Martin , Arndt Markus
Published: September 2015

Experimental research has become complex and thus a challenge to science education. Only very few students can typically be trained on advanced scientific equipment. It is therefore important to find new tools that allow all students to acquire laboratory skills individually and independent of where they are located. In a design-based research process we have investigated the feasibility of using a virtual laboratory as a photo-realistic and scientifically valid representation of advanced scientific infrastructure to teach modern experimental science, here, molecular quantum optics. We found a concept based on three educational principles that allows undergraduate students to become acquainted with procedures and concepts of a modern research field. We find a significant increase in student understanding using our Simulated Interactive Research Experiment (SiReX), by evaluating the learning outcomes with semi-structured interviews in a pre/post design. This suggests that this concept of an educational tool can be generalized to disseminate findings in other fields.
MicroRNA125b-mediated Hedgehog signaling influences liver regeneration by chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hyun Jeongeun , Wang Sihyung , Kim Jieun , Kim Gi Jin , Jung Youngmi
Published: September 2015

Although chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CP-MSCs) were shown to promote liver regeneration, the mechanisms underlying the effect remain unclear. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling orchestrates tissue reconstruction in damaged liver. MSCs release microRNAs mediating various cellular responses. Hence, we hypothesized that microRNAs from CP-MSCs regulated Hh signaling, which influenced liver regeneration. Livers were obtained from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats transplanted with human CP-MSCs (Tx) or saline (non-Tx). Sonic Hh, one of Hh ligands, increased in CCl4-treated liver, whereas it decreased in CP-MSC-treated liver with CCl4. The expression of Hh-target genes was significantly downregulated in the Tx. Reduced expansion of progenitors and regressed fibrosis were observed in the liver of the Tx rats. CP-MSCs suppressed the expression of Hh and profibrotic genes in co-cultured LX2 (human hepatic stellate cell) with CP-MSCs. MicroRNA-125b targeting smo was retained in exosomes of CP-MSCs. CP-MSCs with microRNA-125b inhibitor failed to attenuate the expression of Hh signaling and profibrotic genes in the activated HSCs. Therefore, these results demonstrated that microRNA-125b from CP-MSCs suppressed the activation of Hh signaling, which promoted the reduced fibrosis, suggesting that microRNA-mediated regulation of Hh signaling contributed to liver regeneration by CP-MSCs.
OPN gene polymorphisms, rs17524488 GG/G, rs11730582 T/C and rs9138 C/A and cancer risk in a Chinese population
Authors: Mi Yuanyuan , Ren Kewei , Dai Feng , Zhu Lijie , Feng Ninghan
Published: September 2015

Previous studies have investigated the association between osteopontin (OPN) gene polymorphisms, rs17524488 (−156 GG/G), rs11730582 (−443 T/C) and rs9138 (C/A) and cancer risk in the Chinese population. However, the results are controversial and indefinite. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of these associations. The PubMed database was systematically searched to identify potentially eligible reports. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of associations between 3 OPN gene polymorphisms and cancer risk in a Chinese population. A total of 10 articles involving 2,391 cases and 3,007 controls were evaluated. The pooled OR indicated that OPN rs17524488 (−156 GG/G) polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk in Chinese population. In a stratified analysis by source of control, significant associations were also observed among rs17524488 (−156 GG/G) and rs11730582 (−443 T/C) polymorphisms and cancer. In addition, a stronger association was observed between rs9138 (C/A) polymorphism and cancer risk. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that OPN rs17524488 (−156 GG/G), rs11730582 (−443 T/C) and rs9138 (C/A) polymorphisms may be associated with cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population. Nevertheless, further investigation on a larger population covering different ethnicities are warranted.
Fracture of Jammed Colloidal Suspensions
Authors: Smith M.I.
Published: September 2015

Concentrated colloidal suspensions display dramatic rises in viscosity, leading to jamming and granulation, with increasing shear rate. It has been proposed that these effects result from inter particle friction, as lubrication forces are overcome. This suggests the jamming of concentrated colloidal suspensions should exhibit some shared phenomenology with macroscopic granular systems where friction leads to two different types of jammed state. Here we show that transient rheological measurements can be used to probe the processes of granulation in concentrated colloidal suspensions. Our results support the idea that frictional contacts are created between jammed particles. The jamming behaviour displays two qualitatively different regimes separated by a critical strain rate with qualitatively different types of fracture/break up behaviour. In the lower strain rate regime, it is found that vibrations can be used to control jamming and granulation, resulting in a flowable fluid.
Distribution of Cenozoic plant relicts in China explained by drought in dry season
Authors: Huang Yongjiang , Jacques Frédéric M. B. , Su Tao , Ferguson David K. , Tang Hui , Chen Wenyun , Zhou Zhekun
Published: September 2015

Cenozoic plant relicts are those groups that were once widespread in the Northern Hemisphere but are now restricted to some small isolated areas as a result of drastic climatic changes. They are good proxies to study how plants respond to climatic changes since their modern climatic requirements are known. Herein we look at the modern distribution of 65 palaeoendemic genera in China and compare it with the Chinese climatic pattern, in order to find a link between the plant distribution and climate. Central China and Taiwan Island are shown to be diversity centres of Cenozoic relict genera, consistent with the fact that these two regions have a shorter dry season with comparatively humid autumn and spring in China. Species distribution models indicate that the precipitation parameters are the most important variables to explain the distribution of relict genera. The Cenozoic wide-scale distribution of relict plants in the Northern Hemisphere is therefore considered to be linked to the widespread humid climate at that time and the subsequent contraction of their distributional ranges was probably caused by the drying trend along with global cooling.
Delayed emergence of behavioral and electrophysiological effects following juvenile ketamine exposure in mice
Authors: Nagy L R , Featherstone R E , Hahn C G , Siegel S J
Published: September 2015

Frequent ketamine abuse in adulthood correlates with increased risk of psychosis, as well as cognitive deficits, including disruption of higher-order executive function and memory formation. Although the primary abusers of ketamine are adolescents and young adults, few studies have evaluated its effects on juvenile cognition. Therefore, the current study analyzes the effect of adolescent ketamine exposure on cognitive development. Juvenile mice (4 weeks of age) were exposed to chronic ketamine (20 mg kg−1, i.p. daily) for 14 days. Mice were tested immediately after exposure in the juvenile period (7 weeks of age) and again as adults (12 weeks of age). Measures included electroencephalography (EEG) in response to auditory stimulation, the social choice test, and a 6-arm radial water maze task. Outcome measures include low-frequency EEG responses, event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes, indices of social behavior and indices of spatial working memory. Juvenile exposure to ketamine was associated with electrophysiological abnormalities in adulthood, particularly in induced theta power and the P80 ERP. The social choice test revealed that ketamine-exposed mice failed to exhibit the same age-related decrease in social interaction time as controls. Ketamine-exposed mice outperformed control mice as juveniles on the radial water maze task, but did not show the same age-related improvement as adult controls. These data support the hypothesis that juvenile exposure to ketamine produces long-lasting changes in brain function that are characterized by a failure to progress along normal developmental trajectories.
A water soluble glucopyranosyl conjugate as a selective and reactive probe for cysteine in a buffer and its application to living cells
Authors: Areti Sivaiah , Teotia Rohit , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: September 2015

A water soluble and biocompatible glucopyranosyl conjugate (L) has been synthesized, characterized and shown to be selective to Cys among the naturally occurring amino acids. TheLshows green fluorescence upon reaction with –SH containing molecules present in biological cells and hence provides cell imaging.
Design of a miniaturized multisensor chip with nanoband electrode array and light addressable potentiometric sensor for ion sensing
Authors: Wan Hao , Sun Qiyong , Li Haibo , Sun Fei , Hu Ning , Wang Ping
Published: September 2015

We present a novel miniaturized multisensor chip integrated with a nanoband electrode array (NEA) for lead and copper detection and a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) for pH sensing.
Paper spray mass spectrometry applied to the detection of cocaine in simulated samples
Authors: Almeida de Paula Camila Cristina , Lordeiro Rogério Araújo , Piccin Evandro , Augusti Rodinei
Published: September 2015

Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is applied as a simple, fast, and reliable methodology to detect cocaine in samples seized on streets.
A knot polymer mediated non-viral gene transfection for skin cells
Authors: Cutlar Lara , Gao Yongsheng , Aied Ahmed , Greiser Udo , Murauer Eva Maria , Zhou Dezhong , Wang Wenxin
Published: September 2015

A knot polymer, poly[bis(2-acryloyl)oxyethyl disulphide-co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (DSP), was synthesized, optimized and evaluated as a non-viral vector for gene transfection for skin cells, keratinocytes.
A fluorescent probe for H2S in vivo with fast response and high sensitivity
Authors: Li H. D. , Yao Q. C. , Fan J. L. , Jiang N. , Wang J. Y. , Xia J. , Peng X. J.
Published: September 2015

In this work, a fluorescent probe has been designed and synthesized that could be applied for monitoring and imaging exogenous or endogenous H2S in live MCF-7 cells and in live mice with the fastest response.
Paddlewheel 1,2,4-diazaphospholide dibismuthanes with very short bismuth–bismuth single bonds
Authors: Zhao Minggang , Wang Lixia , Li Pangpang , Zhang Xiang , Yang Ying , Zheng Wenjun
Published: September 2015

The homoleptic 1,2,4-diazaphoshpholide paddlewheel dibismuthanes (I,IIα,IIβ,III) have very short Bi–Bi bonds (left), which was caused by the interactions between the Bi–Bi σ bonding orbital and a1orbitals of the ligands and the short N–N bonds in the η1,η1-bridged ligands (right, HOMO−11).
Electricity-induced switchable wettability and controllable water permeation based on 3D copper foam
Authors: Lin Xin , Lu Fei , Chen Yuning , Liu Na , Cao Yingze , Xu Liangxin , Zhang Weifeng , Feng Lin
Published: September 2015

Combining 3D microporous structures with chemical modification, electricity-induced switchable wettability was realized and further applied to controllable water permeation.
Probing battery chemistry with liquid cell electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Unocic Raymond R. , Baggetto Loïc , Veith Gabriel M. , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Unocic Kinga A. , Sacci Robert L. , Dudney Nancy J. , More Karren L.
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate the ability to apply electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to follow the chemistry and oxidation states of LiMn2O4 and Li4Ti5O12 battery electrodes within a battery solvent.
Fluorescent supramolecular polypseudorotaxane architectures with Ru(ii)/tri(bipyridine) centers as multifunctional DNA reagents
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhang Heng-Yi , Zhang Yu-Hui , Liu Yu
Published: September 2015

A water-soluble supramolecular polypseudorotaxane was prepared via the host–guest interaction of cucurbit[8]uril and the Ru(bpy)3 complex with bis-naphthalene groups.
A low-cost cementite (Fe3C) nanocrystal@N-doped graphitic carbon electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Wu Tianxing , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Xian , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Huijun , Wang Guozhong
Published: September 2015

A core–shell structure Fe3C nanocrystal@N-doped graphitic carbon (Fe3C@NGC) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated, and used as an electrocatalyst with large surface area, exhibiting great potential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Ruthenium(ii) and iridium(iii) complexes featuring NHC–sulfonate chelate
Authors: Rajaraman A. , Sahoo A. R. , Hild F. , Fischmeister C. , Achard M. , Bruneau C.
Published: September 2015

Three new complexes bearing a chelating (κ2C,O) NHC-SO3 ligand have been prepared.
All-metallagermoxane with an adamantanoid cage structure: [(Cp*Ru(CO)2Ge)4(μ-O)6] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5)
Authors: Bakthavachalam K. , Yuvaraj K. , Mondal Bijan , Prakash Rini , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: September 2015

The first tetrametallagermoxane [(Cp*Ru(CO)2Ge)4(μ-O)6], with an adamantanoid cage structure, has been synthesized and structurally characterized with anexo-{Cp*Ru(CO)2} fragment in each germanium atom.
Induction of micronuclei by multi-walled carbon nanotubes interacting with humic acids in cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Vidali Maria-Sophia , Bletsa Eleni , Kouloumpis Antonios , Skoutelis Charalambos G. , Deligiannakis Yiannis , Gournis Dimitrios , Vlastos Dimitris
Published: September 2015

Mixtures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with natural humic acids or humic acid-like polycondensates were evaluated, for the first time, about their potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in cultured human lymphocytes.
Determination of mass-dependent variations in tungsten stable isotope compositions of geological reference materials by double-spike and MC-ICPMS
Authors: Abraham Kathrin , Barling Jane , Siebert Christopher , Belshaw Nick , Gall Louise , Halliday Alex N.
Published: September 2015

We present precise measurements of mass-dependent stable tungsten (W) isotope compositions using a tungsten double-spike technique and MC-ICPMS.
A dual extraction technique combined with HPLC-ICP-MS for speciation of seleno-amino acids in rice and yeast samples
Authors: Guo Xueqin , He Man , Nan Kai , Yan He , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin
Published: September 2015

MSPE combined with HF-LLLME for speciation of seleno-amino acids with high EFs and good anti-interference ability.
Free-solvent Michael addition of glycerol to acrylic compounds
Authors: Nadeau Frédéric , Sindt Michèle , Oget Nicolas
Published: September 2015

Functionalization of biobased glycerol by acrylic compounds was optimized and the tricyanoethylglycerol can be used as a prochiral core of dendrimers.
A hybridisation-dependent membrane-insertable amphiphilic DNA
Authors: Dohno C. , Matsuzaki K. , Yamaguchi H. , Shibata T. , Nakatani K.
Published: September 2015

We synthesized a new class of membrane-binding amphiphilic DNA consisting of hydrophilic phosphodiester-linked DNA and hydrophobic octyl phosphotriester-linked DNA. The amphiphilic DNA binds to the lipid membrane by inserting the hydrophobic region, which is facilitated by the presence of the complementary DNA strand.
Synthesis of AB block and A2B2 and A3B3 miktoarm star-shaped copolymers using ω-end-functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) with a hydroxyl group prepared by organocatalyzed group transfer polymerization
Authors: Eric Ofosu-Twum , Chen Yougen , Takada Kenji , Sato Shin-ichiro , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji
Published: September 2015

The metal-free synthesis of an AB block copolymer, and A2B2 and A3B3 type miktoarm star-shaped copolymers consisting of PMMA and PDLA arms was achieved.
Biohybrid hematopoietic niche for expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by using geometrically controlled fibrous layers
Authors: Batnyam Onon , Shimizu Harue , Saito Koichi , Ishida Tomohiko , Suye Shin-ichiro , Fujita Satoshi
Published: September 2015

Biohybrid hematopoietic niche for expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
Synthesis of Cu–Zn–Zr–Al–O catalysts via a citrate complex route modified by different solvents and their dehydrogenation/hydrogenation performance
Authors: Ding Jian , Chen Jiangang
Published: September 2015

Cu–Zn–Zr–Al–O catalyst prepared by a modified citrate-complex process using ethanol as solvent performed best for ethanol conversion. The solvent effect was vital.
Elastomers uploaded electrospun nanofibrous membrane as solid state polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Que Mingming , Wang Yijing , Tong Yongfen , Chen Lie , Wei Junchao , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2015

Good electrochemical properties and reversible charge/discharge solid state composite electrolytes were achieved at high temperature by uploading 3PEG onto electrospun membranes.
Highly practical sodium(i)/azobenzene catalyst system for aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols
Authors: Liu Chengkou , Fang Zheng , Yang Zhao , Li Qingwen , Guo Shiyu , Guo Kai
Published: September 2015

An aerobic alcohol oxidation system was described firstly. The corresponding carbonyl compounds and acids were obtained respectively in good yields.
Investigating the crystalline nature, charge transport properties and photovoltaic performances of ladder-type donor based small molecules
Authors: Wang Hua-Chun , Tang Lu-Ming , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng , Xu Yun-Xiang
Published: September 2015

The indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) core promoted the crystallinity of ladder-type donor based small molecules and π-bridge structures could improve the photovoltaic performance.