bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Localization Transfer Regulation in 3D COFs Enhances Photocatalytic Acetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation to Ethylene
Authors: Huang Pei , Yang Ming‐Yi , Zhang Shuai‐Bing , Li Ze‐Hui , Zhang Han , Wang Si‐Miao , Peng Yan‐Yu , Zhang Mi , Li Shun‐Li , Lu Meng , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: January 2025

In this work, a series of new crystalline three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) based on [8+4] construction was designed and successfully realized efficient photocatalytic acetylene (C2H2) hydrogenation to ethylene (C2H4). By regulating the hydrogen‐localization transfer effect in these 3D COFs, the Cz−Co−COF−H containing cobalt glyoximate active centers exhibited excellent C2H2‐to‐C2H4 performance, with an average C2H4 yield of 1755.33 μmol g−1 h−1 in pure C2H2, also showed near 100 % conversion of C2H2 in 1 % C2H2 contained crude C2H4 mixtures (industry‐relevant conditions), and finally obtain polymer grade C2H4. In contrast, the Cz−Co−COF−BF2 only showed one fifth activity due to lack of hydrogen‐localization transfer. The density functional theory (DFT), projected density of states (PDOS) and molecular dynamics “slow‐growth” kinetic calculations based on precise 3D COF structures confirmed that the rapid hydrogen species transfer, enhanced water dissociation and suitable C2H2 adsorption in COFs jointly contributed efficient photocatalytic acetylene hydrogenation (PAH). This work provides new opportunity towards rational design and development of crystalline photocatalysts for C2H2 hydrogenation.
Anion‐Responsive π‐Conjugated Macrocycles That Form Ordered Structures
Authors: Horita Hiroki , Okano Hiroki , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Haketa Yohei , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: January 2025

In this study, anion‐responsive π‐conjugated macrocycles were synthesized to demonstrate anion‐binding and ion‐pairing properties along with the ordered structures. Ion‐pairing charge‐by‐charge assembly of a [1+2]‐type complex of a macrocycle as a pseudo π‐electronic anion and a countercation was revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Further, two‐dimensional (2D) arrays of the macrocycles bearing alkoxy chains, exhibiting anion‐driven disordered structures, were constructed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Searching the Non‐Accreting White Dwarf Population in eROSITA Data
Authors: Friedrich S. , Maitra C. , Dennerl K. , Schwope A. , Werner K. , Stelzer B.
Published: January 2025

eROSITA is the soft X‐ray instrument aboard the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) satellite that is most sensitive in the energy range between 0.2 and 2.3 keV. Between December 2019 and December 2021, eROSITA completed four all‐sky surveys, producing all‐sky X‐ray source lists and sky maps of unprecedented depth. In the energy range between 0.2 keV and 1 keV, we detected about 38,000 sources with a hardness ratio below −0.94, covering a small sample of known white dwarfs found with eROSITA in the dataset to which the German eROSITA consortium has rights (half sky). Two hundred and sixty four of these soft sources have a probability of more than 90% to be a white dwarf. This is more than the 175 white dwarfs ROSAT found in the whole sky. Here we present the results of a pilot study to increase the sensitivity of eROSITA for soft sources by extending the detection threshold down to 0.1 keV. First tests with dedicated sky regions are promising.
Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?
Authors: Lyall Kristen , Dickerson Aisha S. , Green Annette M. , Frndak Seth , Croen Lisa A. , Ames Jennifer L. , Avalos Lyndsay A. , Aschner Judy L. , Bush Nicole R. , Camargo Carlos A. , D'Sa Viren , Dager Stephen R. , Dunlop Anne L. , Ferrara Assiamira , Ganiban Jody M. , Gern James E. , Gissandaner Tre D. , Graff J. Carolyn , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Hipwell Alison E. , Ma Tengfei , Miller Meghan , Murphy Laura , Karagas Margaret R. , Kelly Rachel S. , Margolis Amy , Koinis‐Mitchell Daphne , McEvoy Cindy T. , Messinger Daniel , Nguyen Ruby , Oken Emily , Ozonoff Sally , Page Grier P. , Schantz Susan L. , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Shuster Coral L. , Schweitzer Julie B. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Stanford Joseph B. , Trevino Cindy O. , Weiss Scott T. , Volk Heather E. , Joseph Robert M. ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: January 2025

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent‐reported autism‐related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent‐reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non‐Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI 0.55, 1.06) relative to non‐Hispanic White children. Higher maternal education was associated with reduced odds of both outcomes (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.05 for ASD autism diagnosis and 0.4, 95% CI 0.29, 0.55 for SRS score). In addition, results suggested a lower likelihood of autism diagnosis but a higher likelihood of an SRS score > 65 in Black girls. Findings suggest lower diagnostic recognition of autism in non‐Hispanic Black children, despite a similar degree of SRS‐assessed autism‐related traits falling in the clinically elevated range. Further work is needed to address this disparity.
Farfarae Flos Mitigates Cigarette Smoking‐Induced Lung Inflammation by Regulating the Lysophosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Tryptophan Metabolism
Authors: Liu Aoqi , Li Siyao , Dong Xianlong , Qin Xuemei , Li Zhenyu
Published: January 2025

An increased risk of developing respiratory diseases has been linked to exposure to cigarette smoking (CS). The flower buds of Tussilago farfara L., also known as Farfarae Flos (FF), can be used for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, and asthmatic disorders in China. In the present study, we used lung and fecal metabolomics, as well as the intestinal flora analysis, aimed to investigate the protective effect of FF against the CS exposure induced lung inflammation on mice. The results showed that FF administration could relieve the lung inflammation as demonstrated by lung index, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels, as well as the pulmonary pathological change. The lung metabolomics coupled with molecular docking showed that FF could alleviate lung inflammation by regulating lysophosphatidylcholine biosynthesis through the caffeoyl quinic acids distributed in the lung tissue. In addition, fecal metabolome coupled with 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that FF could regulate the tryptophan metabolism by regulating the intestinal flora disorders. This study provided new insights of FF to relieve CS‐induced pulmonary inflammation with the multimechanism.
Polymer Electrolytes for Compatibility With NCM Cathodes in Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Lin Zhiyuan , Li Yunhang , Ding Peipei , Lin Chenxiao , Chen Fang , Yu Ruoxin , Xia Yonggao
Published: January 2025

Polymer electrolytes (PEs) compatible with NCM cathodes in solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are gaining recognition as key candidates for advanced electrochemical storage, offering significant safety and stability. Nevertheless, the inherent properties of PEs and interactions at the interface with NCM cathodes are pivotal in influencing SSLMBs' overall performance. This review offers an in‐depth examination of PEs, focusing on design strategies that leverage electron‐group electronegativity for molecular structure adjustments. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges presented by the interface between PEs and NCM cathodes, including issues like poor interface contact, interface reactions, and elevated resistance. The review also discusses a range of strategies aimed at stabilizing these interfaces, such as applying surface coatings to NCM, optimizing the structure of PEs, and employing in situ polymerization techniques to improve compatibility and battery efficiency. The conclusion offers insights into future developments, highlighting the importance of electron‐group optimization and the adoption of effective methods to enhance interface stability and contact, thus advancing the practical implementation of high‐performance SSLMBs.
Cumulative Risk and Cumulative Protection: Relative Contributions to Predicting Substance Use, Antisocial Behaviour and Mental Health Across Development
Authors: Halvorson Max A. , Caouette Justin D. , Briney John S. , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Oesterle Sabrina , Hawkins J. David
Published: January 2025

Background

Cumulative risk scores predict negative outcomes including antisocial behaviour and mental health. Less work has examined the role of cumulative protection, despite the availability of preventive interventions focused on bolstering protection across domains. Understanding links between cumulative risk and protection measured in childhood and later outcomes can help to guide the timing of prevention programmes.

Aims

The study aimed to understand the relative contributions of early adolescent cumulative risk and cumulative protection in Grade 6 on distal outcomes six to seven years later, at ages 18–19.

Methods

Data are from the Community Youth Development Study, a community‐randomised trial of the Communities That Care prevention system. The analysis sample consisted of 2002 participants from 12 control communities. Logistic regression models were estimated to quantify the main and interactive effects of Grade 6 cumulative risk and protection on alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use; antisocial behaviour, and depression at ages 18–19.

Results

When considered in separate models, cumulative risk and protection were each associated with later alcohol, tobacco and cannabis misuse; antisocial behaviour and depression. When considered together, coefficients for cumulative protection were attenuated, whereas coefficients for cumulative risk remained similar in magnitude. Cumulative risk was associated with larger outcome prevalence differences (average of 9%) than cumulative protection (average of 2%). Evidence for risk‐protection interactions was not observed.

Conclusions

Although early adolescent cumulative protection was associated with later outcomes, these associations were largely reduced when considering cumulative risk. Findings emphasise the importance of addressing cumulative risk when designing preventive interventions.
Mechanical Circulatory Support With Impella in High‐Risk Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion and Complex Multivessel Disease
Authors: Gallo Ignacio , Azzalini Lorenzo , González‐Manzanares Rafael , Moscardelli Silvia , Jurado‐Román Alfonso , Maestre Luis Carlos , Suarez de Lezo Javier , Hidalgo Francisco , Perea Jorge , Díaz Manuel , Ojeda Soledad , Pan Manuel
Published: January 2025

Background

The therapeutic management of patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction is complex and controversial.

Aims

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes and the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and at least one chronic total occlusion (CTO) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with hemodynamic support provided by Impella.

Methods

Retrospective, multicenter study enrolling patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and severe coronary artery disease with at least one CTO who required percutaneous mechanical circulatory support with Impella, from January 2019 to December 2023. The primary endpoints were the incidence of MACE (composite of cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarct, and target lesion revascularization) at 90 days. The secondary endpoint was changes in LVEF and functional class during the same period.

Results

A total of 27 patients (34 CTOs) were included in the study. The mean SYNTAX score was 35 ± 11. The median J‐CTO score of 2 (1–3). At 90 day of follow‐up, there were three MACE (11%), two cardiovascular deaths and one TLR; three vascular complications were related to access for the Impella device (only one required invasive treatment); and LVEF improved significantly after revascularization (delta LVEF: 10% [CI 95% 6, 15]). A total of 81% of patients improved their angina or dyspnea status at 90 days.

Conclusions

In high‐risk patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction with complex coronary disease including CTO, PCI with mechanical circulatory support using the Impella device is associated with favorable safety and efficacy outcomes at short‐term follow‐up.
DNA Origami Adsorption and Lattice Formation on Different SiOx Surfaces
Authors: Pothineni Bhanu Kiran , Theile‐Rasche Chantal , Müller Hendrik , Grundmeier Guido , de los Arcos Teresa , Keller Adrian
Published: January 2025

Self‐assembled DNA origami lattices on silicon oxide surfaces have great potential to serve as masks in molecular lithography. However, silicon oxide surfaces come in many different forms and the type and history of the silicon oxide has a large effect on its physicochemical surface properties. Therefore, we here investigate DNA origami lattice formation on differently fabricated SiOx films on silicon wafers after wet‐chemical oxidation by RCA1. Despite having similar oxide compositions and hydroxylation states, of all surfaces tested, only thermally grown SiOx performs similarly well as native oxide. For the other SiOx films deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering, DNA origami adsorption is strongly suppressed. This is attributed to an increased surface roughness and a lower oxide density, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the employed SiOx surface may decide over the outcome of an experiment and should be considered as an additional parameter that may require optimization and fine‐tuning before high‐quality lattices can be assembled. In particular, our observations suggest that efficient DNA origami lattice assembly on SiOx surfaces requires a low surface roughness and a high oxide density.
Construction of UCST‐Responsive Claw‐Like Polysulfobetaines for Efficient Capture of Cellulase
Authors: Li Feiyun , Liang Huinan , Li Helin , Tang Yanjun
Published: January 2025

The high cost of enzymatic glycolysis has seriously restricted the industrialization of lignocellulose‐based sugar platform technology. Recovering and recycling cellulase can reduce the cost. Here, a thermo‐responsive claw‐type polysulfobetaine (PSPA) was constructed for hydrophobic grasping and efficient recycling of cellulase. Compared with the linear sulfobetaine homopolymer (PSPE), PSPA had more sensitive temperature response and strong cellulase recovery ability. PSPE‐3 (Mw=355.1 kDa) was added to the hydrolysis system of corncob residue (CCR) (50 °C), at 0.4 mass ratio of PSPE‐3 to cellulase, and after enzymatic hydrolysis, 50 % of the cellulase was saved when cooling to 25 °C. But only 0.05 times PSPA‐1 (Mw=30.0 kDa) was added to the CCR system, and 70 % of the cellulase was saved when cooling to 25 °C. This work presents a claw shaped protein‐capture agent, polysulfobetaine for capturing cellulase, which is of great significance to reduce the lignocellulosic hydrolysis cost, and efficiently separate enzyme proteins.
[1+5] Cyclization of Indoline‐Derived Azadienes with 1,3,5‐Triazinanes: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Indoline‐Spiro‐Hexahydropyrimidines
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Chuan , Wang Qing‐Long , Ren Meng‐Ru , Xue Yao‐Jie , Wang Zhi‐Hao , Hou Xue‐Hui , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Xie Ying‐Xin , Chen Ya‐Jing
Published: January 2025

An unprecedented formal [1+5] cyclization of indoline‐derived azadienes with 1,3,5‐triazinanes has been realized, providing a facile access to biologically important indoline‐spiro‐hexahydropyrimidines with good to excellent yields (up to 99 % yield). Different from previous reports, this is the first study that indoline‐derived azadienes could participate in cyclizations as one‐atom synthons. This methodology is also distinguished by not involving any additive or catalyst, readily available starting materials, wide range of substrate applicability, operational simplicity and simultaneously reassembling two C−N and two C−C bonds in one‐step reaction.
Seeing in the Future – a Perspective on Combining Light with Chemical Biology Approaches to Treat Retinal Pathologies
Authors: Specht Alexandre , Klimezak Maxime , Cambridge Sidney
Published: January 2025

New concepts to treat eye diseases have emerged that elegantly combine unnatural light exposure with chemical biology approaches to achieve superior cellular specificity and, as a result, improvement of visual function. Historically, light exposure without further molecular eye treatment has offered limited success including photocoagulation to halt pathological blood vessel growth or low light exposure to stimulate retinal cell viability. To add cellular specificity to such treatments, researchers have introduced various biological or chemical light‐sensing molecules and combined those with light exposure. (Pre‐)clinical trials describe the use of optogenetics and channelrhodpsins, i. e. light‐sensitive ion channels, in patient vision restoration. In the chemical arena, pharmacological agents, rendered light‐sensitive by reversible modification with photosensitive protecting compounds (“caging”), have been applied to eyes of living mice to photo‐release specific cellular activities. Among these were successful proof‐of‐principle experiments that were conducted to establish photo‐sensitive gene therapies in the eye. For light‐mediated treatment in combination with chemical biology, we wish to describe here the current frontiers of research in vision restoration with an eye on differences between biological and chemical light‐sensing molecules, patient requirements, and future outlooks.
Redox Dependent Color Modulating Copper(I) Complex for Flexible Electrochromic Device
Authors: Kharabe Laxman Sarjerao , Sahu Bhumika , Mishra Shivendu , Kumar Rajesh , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: January 2025

Pursuing the development of eco‐friendly, cost‐effective and flexible materials that offer high‐color contrast and low power consumption is a promising approach for advancing the next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of a heteroleptic copper(I) complex [Xantphos‐Cu‐cmdf]PF6 (C1), in high yield, using Xantphos and cmdf ligands. The complex has high thermal stability and displays low‐energy absorption between 360 and 470 nm due to the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition. The electrochemical analysis confirmed the electrochromic properties of C1. A bilayer electrochromic device (ECD) incorporating P3HT and C1 demonstrated excellent color modulation (45 %) and rapid switching times (less than one second). Furthermore, the flexible ECD utilizing C1 showed superior performance compared to its solid‐state counterpart, with high efficiency (~200 cm2/C), color modulation (69 %) and sub‐second switching times. The high coloration efficiency and fast switching time of the ECDs developed from stable and cost‐effective Cu(I) complex, C1, make it a promising candidate for real‐world electrochromic applications.
Tuning Nitrogen Configurations in Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Encapsulating Fe3C Nanoparticles for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction
Authors: Rao Taiquan , Zhan Jiayu , Du Yida , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Yu Fengshou
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a promising technology for the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) and removal of nitrate in wastewater. Herin, we fabricate a series of Fe3C nanoparticles in controllable pyridinic‐N doped graphene (Fe3C@NG‐X) by a self‐sacrificing template method for the NO3RR. Fe3C@NG‐10 exhibits high catalytic performance with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.03 % toward NH3 production at −0.5 V vs. Reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an NH3 yield rate of 477.73 mmol h−1 gcat−1. Additionally, the catalyst also has a FE above 90 % across a broad potential range and NO3− concentration range (12.5–500 mM). During the electrocatalytic process, the material experienced structural reconstruction, forming Fe/Fe3C@NG‐X heterojunction. Experimental investigations demonstrate that the remarkable electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the high proportion of pyridinic‐N content, and the reconstruction further enhances the overall reduction process.
A perspective review of applications of the computed tomography (CT) scan imaging technique for microscopic reservoir rock characterization
Authors: Bera Achinta , Shukla Bharadwaj , Jogani Dhruvikkumar
Published: January 2025

In hospitals, a medical computed tomography (CT) scan is used to detect damage to infected areas of the human body. Using this technology, scientists and engineers have found a way to detect the internal pore connections and characterize rock samples of oil and gas reservoirs in the petroleum industry. Nowadays, the micro‐CT scan technique is gaining considerable interest in reservoir rock characterization and in situ monitoring of fluid flow through porous media during different flooding experiments. Along with this digital rock physics (DRP) idea, images have been used to accurately describe and model for simulations of rock samples. In this review, the application of micro‐CT and medical‐CT scanning in the oil and gas industry has been thoroughly discussed. Recent improvements in DRP and modern imaging techniques in the oil and gas industry have been modeled using both experimental and simulation work. The combination of a DRP study and a CT scan has also been discussed as a unique idea for the current scenario of research work in this field. The available literature shows that the modern imaging technique and the DRP concept can enable an understanding of the pore network model. It has also been observed that the visualization of fluid flow behavior through porous media is now possible during fluid movement through the core samples. This review contributes to the new research area and aids those in this field in quickly gaining an understanding of applied image techniques in the oil and gas industry.
Exploring Counternarratives to Linguistic Privileging and Invisibility: Community Translingualism as a Mechanism for Resourcefulness
Authors: Dobinson Toni , Lamping Sally , Dryden Stephanie , Chen Julian , Mercieca Paul , Kuzich Sonja
Published: January 2025

There is significant pressure on translingual communities, who draw upon and blend all the linguistic and semiotic resources with which they have come into contact (i.e., language, material objects, the built environment) to navigate linguistically inaccessible infrastructures in their new setting. We examined the role language plays within one Local Government Area (LGA) in Western Australia via a larger Critical Participatory Action Research (CPAR) project; re‐visiting the politics of resourcefulness and focusing on examples of linguistic privileging and linguistic invisibility.

The overall study included an initial needs analysis survey which enabled critical conversations around identified problems. These were further unpacked through data collected via interviews/focus groups; shadowing community leaders and LGA/not‐for‐profit employees in their contexts. This offered opportunities to document how stakeholders navigated or resolved known problems. The data was analysed iteratively and thematically to inform and expand conversations around potential collaborative efforts.

This article focuses on the analysis of interview and focus group data in one LGA which highlighted systematised linguistic privileging of individuals who speak certain forms of English, and the rendering of community languages as invisible by the system. In response communities created resourceful spaces where collaborative semiosis licensed collective meaning making through the community's full spatial and translingual resources, enabling access to resources, utilisation of community‐generated skills, sharing of local knowledge and fostering of recognition for individuals as agents in civic life, countering the linguistic invisibility they experienced.

For institutions, such as LGAs, to catch up with communities, they need to recognise and sustain community translingualism as an essential resource. Our article outlines a viable framework for dismantling linguistic privileging and invisibility in favour of sharing language responsibility with translingual communities.
Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of Spirooxindole Dihydropyridine Bisphosphonates
Authors: Rávai Bettina , Németh Áron Soma , Kelemen Zsolt , Bálint Erika
Published: January 2025

A new, simple, catalyst‐ and solvent‐free microwave (MW)‐assisted multicomponent method was elaborated for the synthesis of spirooxindole dihydropyridine bisphosphonates as a new family of compounds by the one‐pot reaction of isatins, β‐ketophosphonates and primary amines. The synthesis was carefully optimized in respect of the molar ratio of the starting materials, the heating mode, the temperature, the reaction time and the effect of different catalysts. The substrate scope of the synthesis was also investigated, and the novel title compounds could be prepared in moderate to good yields. A proposed mechanism for the multicomponent reaction was also provided, in which the iminophosphonate compound could mean a key intermediate through the formation of the desired spiro derivatives.
Sustainable Approaches to Address Lead Toxicity in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of Lead Encapsulation and Recycling Solutions
Authors: Suo Jiajia , Pettersson Henrik , Yang Bowen
Published: January 2025

The increasing global concerns about energy shortages and environmental pollution are driving the development of materials for clean energy conversion. Among various materials, lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaic (PV) technologies. However, the use of toxic lead in high‐efficiency perovskite devices raises sustainability concerns, particularly due to the risk of environmental contamination from lead leakage. Given the projected growth of the perovskite photovoltaic market, effective management of lead toxicity is essential for the safe deployment of this technology. This review explores the latest developments in lead encapsulation strategies, including both external and internal encapsulation materials, aimed at mitigating lead leakage and enhancing the safety and sustainability of perovskite photovoltaics. Additionally, it also discusses various recycling solutions necessary to establish a sustainable closed‐loop lead management system. These approaches not only recycle lead but also reclaim other materials, promoting the circular use of resources and advancing the competitiveness of perovskite PV technologies.

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Perspective on Current Advances and Future Directions in Food Safety and Health
Authors: Tan Mingqian , Jin Maojun , Daglia Maria , Capanoglu Esra , Abd El‐Aty A. M.
Published: January 2025

Recent advances in food safety and health have been driven by technological innovation, regulatory reform, increased consumer awareness, and recognition of the clinical importance of functional ingredients. These developments aim to reduce the risks associated with foodborne illness, improve the nutritional quality of food, and enhance overall public health. Emerging technologies, such as blockchain for supply chain transparency, artificial intelligence for predictive analytics, and novel preservation methods, are transforming food safety practices. Concurrently, the integration of functional ingredients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers, probiotics, and bioactive peptides, into daily diets is gaining attention for their potential in preventing chronic diseases and supporting long‐term health. Global regulatory frameworks are also being strengthened to ensure compliance with safety standards. Future directions in food safety are likely to focus on integrating these technologies and nutritional strategies with traditional methods, fostering international collaboration, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change and globalization. This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of current advances in food safety, discusses emerging trends, and explores future directions, emphasizing the critical role of innovation, policy, and nutrition in protecting public health.
Similar biogeographic patterns of abundant and rare bacterial communities are driven by distinct assembly mechanisms in grassland soils
Authors: Zhu Sihao , Yue Bai , Liu Kun , Zhao Ning
Published: January 2025

Background

The regional species pool and local community assembly processes shape the biogeographic patterns of soil bacterial community diversity. However, how community assembly mechanisms regulate biogeographic patterns in rare and abundant bacterial communities remains unclear.

Methods

Soil samples of 16 grassland habitats across the Inner Mongolian Plateau and Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) transects were collected to investigate the variation of β‐diversity in rare taxa (RT) and abundant taxa (AT). High‐throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was implemented on an Illumina MiSeq platform.

Results

Significant distance‐decay relationships of β‐diversity in RT and AT were observed at transect and habitat scales, and the turnover rate increased from desert to meadow steppe in both taxa. For variations of β‐diversity along environmental gradient, the regional species pool had a limited effect on both taxa except RT in QTP. Deterministic processes, including homogeneous selection (85.1%–97.3%) and heterogenous selection (48.1%–64.2%), dominated the assembly of RT at both the transect and habitat scales. In contrast, the assembly of AT exhibited habitat specificity and was dominated by homogeneous selection (47.2%–80.6%), heterogenous selection (42.1%–54.2%), and dispersal limitation (41.8%) in different transects and habitats. Moreover, the local assembly processes of the AT community were more stochastic than those of the RT community. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the dominant driver of community assembly at the transect scale, with extreme MAP (<200 or >400 mm) resulting in more deterministic processes and a moderate level of MAP (200–400 mm) leading to more stochastic processes. However, the effects of geographical distance and soil properties on different grassland habitats cannot be ignored.

Conclusions

Although both bacterial taxa exhibited significant distance‐decay patterns, different assembly mechanisms shaped the β‐diversity of AT and RT communities in grassland soils. Our results suggested that MAP can mediate community assembly of soil bacteria on a large scale.
Creative Aging: Unraveling the Psychosocial Benefits of Art Among Germany's Oldest Old. Findings From the Nationally Representative Study “Old Age in Germany (D80+)”
Authors: Hajek André , Gyasi Razak M. , Peltzer Karl , König Hans‐Helmut , Pengpid Supa
Published: January 2025

Objective

There is a dearth of studies examining the link between artistic activity and psychosocial outcomes exclusively among the oldest old. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between artistic activity and psychosocial outcomes among individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany.

Methods/Design

Data for this analysis were taken from the “Old Age in Germany (D80+)” study, a nationwide sample encompassing both community‐dwelling individuals aged 80 and above, as well as those residing in care facilities. The analytic sample included a total of n = 3181 individuals. Established tools were used to quantify the variables of interest.

Results

Approximately 25.5% of individuals engaged in artistic activities, with the most popular being singing (9.0%) and making music (7.7%). Most participants engaged in these activities frequently, predominantly at home (84.8%). Regressions showed that overall engagement in the arts was not significantly associated with outcomes, except for reduced loneliness among men. Specific types of arts activities were associated with favorable psychosocial outcomes (e.g., singing and making music were associated with lower loneliness among men, whereas photography/filming was associated with lower loneliness among women). In addition, engaging in artistic activities outside the home was associated with higher life satisfaction among the total sample and women. The frequency of engagement in artistic activities was mainly not associated with psychosocial outcomes.

Conclusions

About one in four individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany is engaged in artistic activities (frequently; mostly at home). Our findings show that engaging in artistic activities may have positive psychosocial benefits (depending on the type and sex‐specific), particularly in reducing loneliness and increasing life satisfaction. Artistic engagement, particularly outside the home, may contribute to increased life satisfaction among women. Even rare artistic activities could prove beneficial.
Responses of turf‐type hybrid bermudagrasses to drought stress
Authors: Arikilla Snigdha , Cevallos Felipe , Moss Justin Quetone , Yu Shuhao , Fontanier Charles Henry , Martin Dennis Loren , Wu Yanqi , Xiang Mingying
Published: January 2025

Bermudagrasses (species of Cynodon Rich.) are among the most widely used warm‐season turfgrasses in the southern and transition zones of the United States. However, the growth and quality of turfgrass in various regions are increasingly compromised by insufficient rainfall or inadequate irrigation. Therefore, identifying drought‐resistant turfgrass cultivars is crucial for maintaining sustainable landscapes and conserving water resources amidst the increasing frequency of drought events. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of four hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) genotypes (Tifway, DT‐1[TifTuf®], OKC 1131 [Tahoma 31®], and experimental selection TifB16117) to drought stress. Grasses were grown in PVC tubes measuring 63.0 cm deep and 10.2 cm in diameter under controlled greenhouse conditions. After full establishment, irrigation water was held off for testing turf quality (TQ), leaf firing, normalized difference vegetation index, percentage green cover, chlorophyll index, relative vertical growth, electrolyte leakage (EL), and evapotranspiration (ET). The study included two experimental runs with a duration of 25 and 28 days, respectively. Significant variations were noted among different parameters in both experiments, revealing how different genotypes respond to drought stress. In particular, TifB16117 emerged as a standout performer, demonstrating greater drought resistance compared to other genotypes, including the widely used TifTuf. It maintained exceptional TQ and exhibited reduced EL, revealing its robust adaptability under drought stress. Throughout the study, TifB16117 exhibited higher ET rates under drought conditions, reflecting its ability to sustain transpiration for a longer duration. These findings suggest that effective root water absorption plays a critical role in enhancing the drought resistance of bermudagrasses.
Ion‐Regulated Signal Amplification Optical Microfiber Interferometric DNA Sensor
Authors: Lu Hanglin , Yang Li , Li Yuanpeng , Tang Jian , Shao Laipeng , Fu Kepeng , Wei Jinpeng , Niu Yalan , Hu Juihui
Published: January 2025

Genetic information sensors play a pivotal role in the biomedical field. The detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is achieved experimentally using an optical microfiber interferometric sensor, which operates based on an ion‐regulation sensitivity enhancement mechanism. The optical microfiber is fabricated by drawing optical fiber into a diameter of less than 10 μm via the melting and tapering technique. Leveraging the characteristics of monovalent cations can effectively promote the folding of G‐rich single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) into stable G‐quadruplex structures, enabling the detection of specific sequences of ssDNA at low concentrations. The results show an improvement of the linear detection range by 3 orders of magnitude, and with the introduction of the ion‐regulation sensitivity enhancement mechanism, the limit of detection (LOD) value is 1.07 × 10−15 M. This optical microfiber interferometric sensing architecture is characterized by its simplicity and high sensitivity, positioning it as a formidable tool for diverse biosensing and analytical applications.
Calcium‐Binding Proteins in the Autistic Brain—Potential Links to Symptom Development
Authors: Tavares Élyssa Adriolly Freitas , de Souza Débora Lopes Silva , da Silva Gomes Francisca Tayná , Holanda Maria Vanessa Freitas , Oliveira Rodrigo Freire , Paiva Karina Maia , de Gois Morais Paulo Leonardo Araujo , de Vasconcelos Cláudio Lopes , de Paiva Cavalcanti Diogo Manuel Lopes , de Paiva Cavalcanti José Rodolfo Lopes
Published: January 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex challenge, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on the proteins calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the context of ASD, exploring their clinical correlations and providing a deeper understanding of the spectrum. In addition, we seek to understand the role of these proteins in GABAergic regulation and their implication in the pathophysiology of ASD. The studies reviewed revealed a significant decrease in PV+ interneurons in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with ASD compared with typical controls. This reduction is associated with local synaptic hyperconnectivity, characterized by an increase in the number of excitatory synapses and a reduction in inhibitory synapses. A correlation was also observed between the decrease in PV+ and the severity of the behavioural symptoms of ASD. The research highlights GABAergic imbalance as a crucial component in the neuropathology of ASD, highlighting the role of calcium‐binding proteins, especially PV, in regulating neuronal excitability and modulating synaptic connectivity. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of new therapeutic strategies intended to modulate neuronal activity and improve the symptoms associated with ASD.
A systematic review of differences for disabled students in STEM versus other disciplinary undergraduate settings
Authors: Chasen Ariel , Borrego Maura , Koolman Elisa , Landgren Emily , Chapman Tripp Hannah
Published: January 2025

Background

Engineering education and other discipline‐based education researchers may motivate their work with claims that STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) norms and culture are unique, thus requiring focused study. As research on disabled students gains momentum in engineering education, it is important to understand differences that limit generalizability of prior work in other disciplines to STEM.

Purpose

What do studies document as differences between STEM and non‐STEM settings that impact disabled undergraduates, and to what extent are these studies using asset‐based perspectives of disability?

Scope/Method

This systematic review identified US studies that compared STEM to non‐STEM disciplines in regards to disabled undergraduate students. The qualifying studies, published during 1979–2023, comprise 22 journal articles and 15 doctoral or master's theses. Most studies used quantitative methods (n = 28).

Results

Of the 37 qualifying studies, 20 instructor studies provided moderate evidence that STEM instructors are less willing or less knowledgeable about how to support disabled students through accommodations or course design. We highlight a small number of student studies identifying assets of disabled students, although most took a deficit view by comparing disabled student experiences to an able‐bodied norm. Few studies emphasized the structural characteristics of STEM such as culture and educational practices that contribute to socially constructing disability by acting as barriers that disable students.

Conclusions

More work is needed to examine instructor actions beyond their intentions and attitudes toward disabled students. Critical and asset‐based perspectives are needed in future study designs that center disability to uncover systemic barriers and identify assets disabled students bring to STEM.
Serum Raman Spectroscopy Explorations in Canine Cancers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saha Panchali , Goswami Debosmita , Hole Arti , Bendale Kiran , Chaudhari Pradip , Krishna C. Murali
Published: January 2025

The examination of canine cancers has garnered substantial attention in recent years. This is primarily because of the parallel between dogs and humans in the development of spontaneous cancers without the need for experimental induction, unlike in laboratory rodents. Numerous studies have explored the utility of canine subjects in the advancement of our understanding of cancers, recognizing their potential as valuable natural models. A particularly noteworthy diagnostic tool in this context is serum Raman spectroscopy (RS), a method known for its minimally invasive, label‐free, rapid, and objective nature, with a wide range of applications that extends to various diseases, including cancer. In this study, serum RS was explored for canine cancers, potentially offering a novel approach to the field of veterinary oncology. This investigation included 12 healthy dogs (C) and 38 companion dogs afflicted with an array of malignancies (T), including 18 carcinomas, 9 sarcomas, 3 head and neck tumors, 2 mast cell tumors, and 1 venereal granuloma. Serum was separated from the blood samples collected and subjected to RS, followed by spectral preprocessing and multivariate analyses. Multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares revealed alterations in nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins among the groups. Principal component‐based linear discriminant analysis (PC‐LDA) results demonstrated correct identification of 73% of the C and 87% of the T samples. The outcomes of this study highlight the efficacy of serum RS in the detection of canine cancers. Comprehensive large‐scale studies involving diverse cancer types are imperative to validate findings.
Association of Social Vulnerability Index With Declining Recommended Surgical Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Ershadifar Soroush , Mo Jonathan T. , Colback Angela A. , Bewley Arnaud F. , Abouyared Marianne , Birkeland Andrew C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the impact of county‐level social vulnerability on patients' decision to refuse recommended surgical treatment.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis conducted on HNSCC cases documented in the latest available SEER databases from 2000 to 2020; various demographic, including county of residence, and disease‐related variables were collected. CDC's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was assigned based on patients' county of residence, and patients were subsequently categorized into four SVI quartiles. Pearson chi‐square tests and binomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the impact of variables on patients' refusal of surgical treatment.

Results

Among 83,184 patients, 2.6% (2,165) refused surgical intervention recommended by their physician as part of treatment. Social vulnerability (higher SVI), male sex, older age, more advanced disease stage, belonging to non‐Hispanic Black or Native Hawaiian/Asian Pacific Islander Race and Origin, and single marital status were associated with higher likelihood of refusing surgery.

Conclusion

SVI is a significant factor in the refusal of recommended surgical treatment in HNSCC patients. Advanced disease stages and social vulnerability appear to interplay, influencing treatment decisions. Culturally competent care and support for socially vulnerable patients may mitigate disparities in treatment acceptance, potentially improving survival outcomes.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
CH4/C2H6 Dual Gas Detection System for Urban Natural Gas Inspection Based on Off‐Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Yishen , Huang Zhao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhening , Geng Zixun , Wang Yiding , Zheng Chuantao
Published: January 2025

A near‐infrared off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopic (OA‐ICOS) dual‐gas sensor for methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) measurement was developed. Utilizing time‐division multiplexing (WDM) technology, dual‐gas detection was realized via the sensor system. The power distribution circuit was improved to make power distribution more reasonable and ripple smaller. The limit of detection (LoD) of C2H6 was effectively reduced by a new calibration method. With an averaging time of 1 s, the LoD is 1.2 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) for CH4 and 12.1 ppb for C2H6. Extensive urban measurement unveiled three CH4 anomalies, while the measured C2H6 levels demonstrated good capability of the sensor system for dual‐gas measurement.
Magnetically recyclable polymer photocatalytic materials for sustainable photocatalysis
Authors: Li Rong , Tibbetts Joshua D. , Landfester Katharina , Ferguson Calum T. J.
Published: January 2025

The production of easily separable and recoverable photocatalytic materials remains a critical challenge in achieving sustainable photocatalysis. Here, we have created a hybrid material consisting of photocatalytic polymers encapsulating magnetite nanoparticles. These nanoparticles exhibit excellent performance in oxidative hydroxylation of both boronic‐acid‐ and boronic‐acid‐pinacol‐ester‐containing substrates. Moreover, these nanoparticles can be easily recovered and regenerated from the reaction medium via a simple magnetic separation technique. Extremely high efficiency has been maintained over multiple cycles, by recycling the magnetic photocatalyst. © 2025 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Modification of Gene Expression Involved in Alkaloid Production in Opium Poppy by VIGS Combined With Pretreatment of Macerozyme Enzyme
Authors: Özcan Deniz Ece , Köm Deniz , Doğan Ozan , Erişen Semiha , Onarici Selma
Published: January 2025

Papaver somniferum L., a medicinal plant renowned for its pharmaceutical alkaloids, has captivated scientific interest due to its rich secondary metabolite profile. This study explores a novel approach to manipulating alkaloid biosynthesis pathways by integrating virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) with macerozyme enzyme pretreatment. Targeting key genes in the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) pathway (CODM, T6ODM, COR, DIOX2), the research aimed to elucidate the transformative potential of enzymatic preconditioning in somatic embryo cultures. To address the cell wall barrier, a known limitation in genetic manipulation, macerozyme pretreatment was employed, significantly enhancing gene silencing efficacy. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses revealed significant alterations in gene expression profiles with macerozyme pretreatment, whereas no changes were observed in its absence. The T6ODM + DIOX combination was the most effective, reducing CODM, T6ODM, and DIOX2 expression by 72%, 65%, and 60%, respectively. Conversely, T6ODM expression increased by up to 107% in the CODM treatment. Notably, COR expression displayed dual regulatory dynamics, with suppression (47% decrease in T6ODM + DIOX) and enhancement (49% increase in CODM+DIOX) observed under different conditions. These findings underscore the complex interplay of gene regulation in the morphine biosynthesis pathway. This study highlights the critical role of macerozyme enzymatic pretreatment in overcoming cell wall barriers, enabling effective VIGS applications in somatic suspension cultures. The combination of VIGS and enzymatic pretreatment provides a robust platform for targeted metabolic engineering, offering insights into the regulation of morphine biosynthesis and paving the way for advancements in pharmaceutical alkaloid production and functional genomics in medicinal plants.