bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitability of Copper Nitride as a Wiring Ink Sintered by Low-Energy Intense Pulsed Light Irradiation
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Cheong Hea Jeong , Takamura Masahiko , Yoshida Manabu , Uemura Sei
Published: August 2018

Copper nitride particles have a low decomposition temperature, they absorb light, and are oxidation-resistant, making them potentially useful for the development of novel wiring inks for printing circuit boards by means of intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering at low-energy. Here, we compared the thermal decomposition and light absorption of copper materials, including copper nitride (Cu3N), copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), or copper(II) oxide (CuO). Among the copper compounds examined, copper nitride had the second highest light absorbency and lowest decomposition temperature; therefore, we concluded that copper nitride was the most suitable material for producing a wiring ink that is sintered by means of IPL irradiation. Wiring inks containing copper nitride were compared with those of wiring inks containing copper nitride, copper(I) oxide, or copper(II) oxide, and copper conversion rate and sheet resistance were also determined. Under low-energy irradiation (8.3 J cm−2), copper nitride was converted to copper at the highest rate among the copper materials, and provided a sheet resistance of 0.506 Ω sq−1, indicating that copper nitride is indeed a candidate material for development as a wiring ink for low-energy intense pulsed light sintering-based printed circuit board production processes.
Chia Seed Does Not Improve Cognitive Impairment in SAMP8 Mice Fed with High Fat Diet
Authors: Rui Yehua , Lv Menglian , Chang Jie , Xu Jiaying , Qin Liqiang , Wan Zhongxiao
Published: August 2018

Background: Chia seed is an ancient seed with the richest plant source of α-linolenic acid, which has been demonstrated to improve metabolic syndrome associated risk factors. Under high fat diet (HFD) condition, the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice demonstrated worsen Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related pathology compared to low fat diet fed SAMP8 mice. Objective: To explore whether chia seed supplementation might improve cognitive impairment under aging and metabolic stress via high fat diet (HFD) fed SAMP8 mice as a model. Design: SAMP8 mice and senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) were randomized into 4 groups, i.e., SAMR1 low fat diet group (SAMR1-LFD), SAMP8-HFD and SAMP8-HFD group supplemented with 10% chia seed (SAMP8-HFD+Chia). At the end of the intervention, cognitive function was measured via Morris water maze (MWM) test. Hippocampus and parietal cortex were dissected for further analysis to measure key markers involved AD pathology including Aβ, tau and neuro-inflammation. Results: During navigation trials of MWM test, mice in SAMP8-LFD group demonstrated impaired learning ability compared to SAMR1-LFD group, and chia seed had no effect on learning and memory ability for HFD fed SAMP8 mice. As for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related pathology, chia seed not only increased α-secretase such as ADAM10 and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), but also increased β-secretase including beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and cathepsin B, with an overall effects of elevation in the hippocampal Aβ42 level; chia seed slightly reduced p-Tauser404 in the hippocampus; while an elevation in neuro-inflammation with the activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ibα-1 were observed post chia seed supplementation. Conclusions: Chia seed supplementation did not improve cognitive impairment via MWM in HFD fed SAMP8 mice. This might be associated with that chia seed increased key enzymes involved both in non-amyloidogenic and amyloidogenic pathways, and neuro-inflammation. Future studies are necessary to confirm our present study.
Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Richard Erin L. , Laughlin Gail A. , Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Reas Emilie T. , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , McEvoy Linda K.
Published: August 2018

Diet may be an important modifiable risk factor for maintenance of cognitive health in later life. This study aimed at examining associations between common dietary indices and dietary patterns defined by factor analysis and cognitive function in older community-dwelling adults. Dietary information for 1499 participants from the Rancho Bernardo Study was collected in 1988–1992 and used to calculate the alternate Mediterranean diet score, Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 score and factor scores derived from factor analysis of nutrients. Global cognitive function, executive function, verbal fluency and episodic memory were assessed at approximate four-year intervals from 1988–2016. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and cognitive trajectories. Estimates for the highest vs. lowest tertile in models adjusting for age, sex, education, energy intake, lifestyle variables and retest effect showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean score was associated with better baseline global cognitive function (β (95% CI) = 0.33 (0.11, 0.55)). The AHEI-2010 score was not significantly associated with cognitive performance. Higher loading on a plant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/vitamin E factor was associated with better baseline global cognitive function and executive function (β = 0.22 (0.02, 0.42) and β = −7.85 (−13.20, −2.47)). A sugar/low protein factor was associated with poorer baseline cognitive function across multiple domains. Dietary patterns were not associated with cognitive decline over time. Adherence to a healthy diet with foods high in PUFA and vitamin E and a low sugar to protein ratio, as typified by a Mediterranean diet, may be beneficial for cognitive health in late life.
Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health
Authors: Grosso Giuseppe
Published: August 2018

Recent evidence has suggested that polyphenol-rich foods intake may be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases. The Special Issue “Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health” comprised 64 peer-reviewed papers on the most recent evidence regarding the dietary intake of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods, as well as their effect toward the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Original contributions and literature reviews demonstrated the potential protective effects of polyphenol-rich foods and their extracts toward cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases, mostly through anti-oxidant and chemo-preventive properties.
Bioglass-Incorporated Methacrylated Gelatin Cryogel for Regeneration of Bone Defects
Authors: Kwon Song , Lee Seunghun S. , Sivashanmugam A. , Kwon Janet , Kim Seung Hyun L. , Noh Mi Yeon , Kwon Seong Keun , Jayakumar R. , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: August 2018

Cryogels have recently gained interest in the field of tissue engineering as they inherently possess an interconnected macroporous structure. Considered to be suitable for scaffold cryogel fabrication, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) is a modified form of gelatin valued for its ability to retain cell adhesion site. Bioglass nanoparticles have also attracted attention in the field due to their osteoinductive and osteoconductive behavior. Here, we prepare methacrylated gelatin cryogel with varying concentration of bioglass nanoparticles to study its potential for bone regeneration. We demonstrate that an increase in bioglass concentration in cryogel leads to improved mechanical property and augmented osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells during in vitro testing. Furthermore, in vivo testing in mice cranial defect model shows that highest concentration of bioglass nanoparticles (2.5 w/w %) incorporated in GelMA cryogel induces the most bone formation compared to the other tested groups, as studied by micro-CT and histology. The in vitro and in vivo results highlight the potential of bioglass nanoparticles incorporated in GelMA cryogel for bone regeneration.
Successful Amplified-Natural-Killer Cell (ANK) Therapy Administered to a Patient with Smoldering Adult T-Cell Leukemia in Acute Crisis
Authors: Teshigawara Keisuke , Nagai Sho , Bai Gaowa , Okubo Yuji , Chagan-Yasutan Haorile , Hattori Toshio
Published: August 2018

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an indolent leukemia caused by type 1 human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1). A variety of therapeutic interventions via immunological approaches have been attempted. ATL cells express costimulatory molecules of natural killer (NK) cells, and a new modality—amplified NK (ANK) cell treatment—was administered here to a patient with ATL. A 70-year-old female presenting with ringworm infection received a diagnosis of smoldering ATL in 2004. Monitoring of soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2Rs) in the serum showed disease exacerbation in 2007, associated with the enlargement of lymph nodes and formation of a skin tumor. NK cells were amplified by in vitro cell culture methods. To avoid cytokine release syndrome, 2–5 × 108 cells were administered with each injection. A total of 15 injections from 12 November 2007 to 15 February 2008 were administered to this patient. This case showed drastic downregulation of sIL-2R, resulting in the induction of complete remission, which lasted for >5 years. This is the first report of treatment of a patient with ATL using ANK cell therapy. More attempts of this therapy will enhance our insight into the appropriate application of this new therapy to clinically diverse patients.
Potential of Multi-Temporal ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 ScanSAR Data for Vegetation Height Estimation in Tropical Forests of Mexico
Authors: Urbazaev Mikhail , Cremer Felix , Migliavacca Mirco , Reichstein Markus , Schmullius Christiane , Thiel Christian
Published: August 2018

Information on the spatial distribution of forest structure parameters (e.g., aboveground biomass, vegetation height) are crucial for assessing terrestrial carbon stocks and emissions. In this study, we sought to assess the potential and merit of multi-temporal dual-polarised L-band observations for vegetation height estimation in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests of Mexico. We estimated vegetation height using dual-polarised L-band observations and a machine learning approach. We used airborne LiDAR-based vegetation height for model training and for result validation. We split LiDAR-based vegetation height into training and test data using two different approaches, i.e., considering and ignoring spatial autocorrelation between training and test data. Our results indicate that ignoring spatial autocorrelation leads to an overoptimistic model’s predictive performance. Accordingly, a spatial splitting of the reference data should be preferred in order to provide realistic retrieval accuracies. Moreover, the model’s predictive performance increases with an increasing number of spatial predictors and training samples, but saturates at a specific level (i.e., at 12 dual-polarised L-band backscatter measurements and at around 20% of all training samples). In consideration of spatial autocorrelation between training and test data, we determined an optimal number of L-band observations and training samples as a trade-off between retrieval accuracy and data collection effort. In summary, our study demonstrates the merit of multi-temporal ScanSAR L-band observations for estimation of vegetation height at a larger scale and provides a workflow for robust predictions of this parameter.
Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional (3D) Indoor Interiors with Multiple Stories via Comprehensive Segmentation
Authors: Li Lin , Su Fei , Yang Fan , Zhu Haihong , Li Dalin , Zuo Xinkai , Li Feng , Liu Yu , Ying Shen
Published: August 2018

The fast and stable reconstruction of building interiors from scanned point clouds has recently attracted considerable research interest. However, reconstructing long corridors and connected areas across multiple floors has emerged as a substantial challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive segmentation method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) indoor structure with multiple stories. With this method, the over-segmentation that usually occurs in the reconstruction of long corridors in a complex indoor environment is overcome by morphologically eroding the floor space to segment rooms and by overlapping the segmented room-space with partitioned cells via extracted wall lines. Such segmentation ensures both the integrity of the room-space partitions and the geometric regularity of the rooms. For spaces across floors in a multistory building, a peak-nadir-peak strategy in the distribution of points along the z-axis is proposed in order to extract connected areas across multiple floors. A series of experimental tests while using seven real-world 3D scans and eight synthetic models of indoor environments show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Managing Efficiency in Higher Education: A Case of Ukrainian Universities
Authors: Velychko Oleksandr , Velychko Liudmyla , Kharytonov Mykola
Published: August 2018

The rating positions of most Ukrainian higher educational establishments in the global international environment have not received any positive changes over a long period of time. Progressive regulatory changes are necessary to stimulate internal university reforms within the context of European integration. The purpose of the present work is to develop organizational-methodological measures in order to increase the efficiency of scientific-pedagogical activity in higher educational establishments of Ukraine. The following methods were used for the research: Monographic, historical, comparative, generalization, formal-logical, analysis and synthesis, categorical approach, observation, interviewing, graphic, benchmarking and forecasting. The concept and methodology of managing efficiency in the post-Soviet transformation of higher education has been grounded. The mechanism of utilizing re-engineering and motivational management in the process of implementing European integration objectives for university education in Ukraine has been suggested. The system of normative indices has been formed to stimulate the effectiveness of the scientific-pedagogical activities of universities, with the complex focus on the marketing of educational services, innovations and quality. The authors’ mechanism of the accumulating system to stimulate scientific-creative activity of workers has been developed and put into practice. Procedures for scoring theproductivity level of scientific staff in universities have been described based on grading.
Gender Inequity during the Ph.D.: Females in the Life Sciences Benefit Less from Their Integration into the Scientific Community
Authors: Epstein Nurith , Lachmann Daniel
Published: August 2018

Female researchers remain underrepresented in higher academic ranks, even within female-dominated fields, such as the life sciences. The phenomenon is often attributed to women’s lower publication productivity. The current article explores gender differences with respect to integration into the scientific community, pursued tasks during the Ph.D. (e.g., teaching and research), and publication productivity in the life sciences. Moreover, it explores how these variables relate to the intention of pursuing an academic research career. Survey data with recent Ph.D. graduates from the life sciences in Germany (N = 736) were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate analysis. Females had fewer publications as lead author (1.4 vs. 1.9, p = 0.05). There were no differences in pursued tasks, perceived integration into the scientific community, and co-authorship. However, Ph.D. characteristics affected females and males differently. Only male Ph.D. graduates benefited from being integrated into their scientific community by an increase in lead author publications. In contrast to male Ph.D. graduates, women’s academic career intentions were significantly affected by their integration into the scientific community and co-authorship. Results suggest that women may benefit less from their integration into the scientific community and may ascribe more importance to networks for their career progress.
Proposal for Feasibility Assessment Model for Landfill Mining and Its Implementation for Energy Generation Scenarios
Authors: Bučinskas Algimantas , Kriipsalu Mait , Denafas Gintaras
Published: August 2018

New approaches to waste management and requirements of a circular economy have changed landfill management. Therefore, the updating on these subjects is required. To benefit from landfill mining, information about composition and properties of disposed waste should be gathered. Decay of landfilled waste over time primarily determines the amount of recyclable and combustible matter as well as the amount of landfill gas formation. In this paper, we propose scenarios for landfill management and we create a conceptual model on their basis. A conceptual model is formulated and theoretical calculations are performed and compared with field research results in order to understand changes in the composition of landfilled waste. Correlations between theoretical and actual results were determined. Correlations of theoretical and actual results for the Torma (EE) and Alytus (LT) landfills were 0.68 and 0.78, respectively. In addition, the changes of refuse-derived fuel resources in Alytus landfill during the previous 10-year period were calculated. Finally, four different landfill closure and aftercare scenarios with respect to energy generation were created, assessed, and compared.
Identifying Gaps between the Legislative Tools of Soil Protection in the EU Member States for a Common European Soil Protection Legislation
Authors: Stankovics Petra , Tóth Gergely , Tóth Zoltán
Published: August 2018

To ensure an adequate level of protection in the European Union (EU), the European Commission (EC) adopted the Soil Thematic Strategy in 2006, including a proposal for a Soil Framework Directive (the Directive). However, a minority of Member States (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Austria, and The Netherlands) could not agree on the text of the proposed Directive. Consequently, the EC decided to withdraw the proposal in 2014. In the more than 10 years that have passed since the initial proposal, a great number of new evidences on soil degradation and its negative consequences, have proved the necessity of a common European soil protection Directive. This study is aimed at specifying the possible obstacles, differences, and gaps in legislature and administration in the countries that formed the blocking minority, which resulted in the refusal of the Directive. The individual legislations of the opposing countries on the matter, were summarized and compared with the goals set by the Directive, in three highlighted aspects: (1) soil-dependent threats, (2) contamination, and (3) sealing. We designed a simple schematic evaluation system to show the basic levels of differences and similarities. We found that the legislative regulations concerning soil-dependent degradation and contamination issues in the above countries were generally well defined, complementary, and thorough. A common European legislation can be based on harmonised approaches between them, focusing on technical implementations. In the aspect of sealing we found recommendations, principles, and good practices rather than binding regulations in the scrutinised countries. Soil sealing is an issue where the proposed Directive’s measures, could have exceeded those of the Member States.
Biological Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 by Cell-Free Extracts of Bacillus velezensis DY3108 with Broad PH Stability and Excellent Thermostability
Authors: Shu Xian , Wang Yuting , Zhou Qing , Li Minghao , Hu Hao , Ma Yuhan , Chen Xue , Ni Jun , Zhao Weiwei , Huang Shengwei , Wu Lifang
Published: August 2018

(1) Background: Aflatoxin contamination in food and grain poses serious problems both for economic development and public health protection, thus leading to a focus on an effective approach to control it; (2) Methods: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) degrading bacteria were isolated using a medium containing coumarin as the sole carbon source, and the biodegradation of AFB1 by the isolate was examined by high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; (3) Results: a bacterial strain exhibiting strong AFB1 degradation activity (91.5%) was isolated and identified as Bacillus velezensis DY3108. The AFB1 degrading activity was predominantly attributed to the cell-free supernatant of strain DY3108. Besides, it was heat-stable and resistant to proteinase K treatment but sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. The optimal temperature for the maximal degradation of AFB1 was 80 °C. Even more notable, the supernatant showed a high level of activity over a broad pH (4.0 to 11.0) and exhibited the highest degradation (94.70%) at pH 8.0. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the degradation products displayed significantly (p < 0.05) lower cytotoxic effects than the parent AFB1; (4) Conclusions: B. velezensis DY3108 might be a promising candidate for exploitation in AFB1 detoxification and bioremediation in food and feed matrices.
Use of Social Media to Enhance Consumers’ Options for Food Quality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab , Basarir Aydin
Published: August 2018

The objective of this research was to study the behavior and attitudes of consumers from the United Arab Emirates towards using the World Wide Web (WWW) for ordering food online, as well as their perception of social media’s (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp) impact on increasing their knowledge about their food quality options. This research question targets social media’s role in aiding consumer decision-making with regard to enhanced food quality choices and thus enhanced food security. The results of this study showed that about 50% of the respondents frequently use a website to order food online in the study area. The analysis of the survey results showed a strong correlation between the frequency of food ordered online by consumers and the number of consumers who sought specific information about food quality, such as those who wished to obtain information about special diets for both medical and non-medical purposes. A strong correlation was also found to exist between the frequency of ordering food online and consumers who often inquired about buying organic food. Furthermore, the authors found the potential and the need for more transparency and enhancement when exchanging information between online food providers and consumers, in order to achieve the country’s food security goal of better consumer access to food quality information.
Mycobacteriophage Lysis Enzymes: Targeting the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope
Authors: Catalão Maria João , Pimentel Madalena
Published: August 2018

Mycobacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect mycobacteria, which ultimately culminate in host cell death. Dedicated enzymes targeting the complex mycobacterial cell envelope arrangement have been identified in mycobacteriophage genomes, thus being potential candidates as antibacterial agents. These comprise lipolytic enzymes that target the mycolic acid-containing outer membrane and peptidoglycan hydrolases responsive to the atypical mycobacterial peptidoglycan layer. In the recent years, a remarkable progress has been made, particularly on the comprehension of the mechanisms of bacteriophage lysis proteins activity and regulation. Notwithstanding, information about mycobacteriophages lysis strategies is limited and is mainly represented by the studies performed with mycobacteriophage Ms6. Since mycobacteriophages target a specific group of bacteria, which include Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for one of the leading causes of death worldwide, exploitation of the use of these lytic enzymes demands a special attention, as they may be an alternative to tackle multidrug resistant tuberculosis. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the function of lysis proteins encoded by mycobacteriophages and their potential applications, which may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of antimycobacterial therapy.
Assessing Water Scarcity Using the Water Poverty Index (WPI) in Golestan Province of Iran
Authors: Jafari Shalamzari Masoud , Zhang Wanchang
Published: August 2018

Population growth and rising water demand, climate change, severe droughts, and land-use changes are among the top severe issues in Iran. Water management in this country is sectoral and disintegrated. Each authority evaluates water based on its final intention and there is no commonplace indicator for evaluation programs. In this research, we used the Water Poverty Index (WPI) to map the status of water scarcity in a north-eastern province of Iran. Water poverty was measured based on five components of “Resources”, “Access”, “Capacity”, “Use”, and “Environment”. The scores on each component were then aggregated using the weighted multiplicative function, assuming equal weights for all components. The overall WPI was evaluated to be 41.1, signaling an alarming and serious water poverty in the study area. Based on the results, Azadshahr (29.1) and Gorgan (61.6) districts had the worst and the best conditions among all cases, respectively. To better understand the importance of WPI components, four weighting alternatives were used; however, none of them resulted in a tangible improvement of WPI index. The cross-correlation between the components was also evaluated, with Access and Capacity showing significant results. Leaving out “Capacity”, however, reduced WPI by 8.1. In total, “Access”, “Capacity”, and “Use” had the highest correlation with WPI, implying that any attempt to improve water poverty in the province must firstly tackle these issues. This study showed that WPI is an effective indicator of water scarcity assessment and could be used to make priorities for policy-making and water management.
Evidence for Large-scale Fluctuations in the Metagalactic Ionizing Background Near Redshift Six
Authors: Becker George D. , Davies Frederick B. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Malkan Matthew A. , Boera Elisa , Douglass Craig
Published: August 2018

The observed scatter in intergalactic Lyα opacity at z ≲ 6 requires large-scale fluctuations in the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) after the expected end of reionization. Post-reionization models that explain this scatter invoke fluctuations in either the ionizing ultraviolet background (UVB) or IGM temperature. These models make very different predictions, however, for the relationship between Lyα opacity and local density. Here, we test these models using Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) to trace the density field surrounding the longest and most opaque known Lyα trough at z < 6. Using deep Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam narrowband imaging, we find a highly significant deficit of z ≃ 5.7 LAEs within 20

of the trough. The results are consistent with a model in which the scatter in Lyα opacity near z ∼ 6 is driven by large-scale UVB fluctuations, and disfavor a scenario in which the scatter is primarily driven by variations in IGM temperature. UVB fluctuations at this epoch present a boundary condition for reionization models, and may help shed light on the nature of the ionizing sources.
Optical Observations of the Young Type Ic Supernova SN 2014L in M99
Authors: Zhang Jujia , Wang Xiaofeng , Vinkó József , Wheeler J. Craig , Chang Liang , Yang Yi , Wang Lifan , Zhai Qian , Rui Liming , Mo Jun , Zhang Tianmeng , Zhang Yu , Wang Jianguo , Mao Jirong , Wang Chuanjun , Yi Weimin , Xin Yuxin , Li Wenxiong , Lun Baoli , Lu Kaixing , Sai Hanna , Zheng Xiangming , Zhang Xiliang , Zhou Xu , Bai Jinming
Published: August 2018

We present optical spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2014L. This SN was discovered by the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey (TNTS) in the nearby type-Sc spiral galaxy M99 (NGC 4254). Fitting to the early-time light curve indicates that SN 2014L was detected at only a few hours after the shock breakout, and it reached a peak brightness of M
V = −17.73 ± 0.28 mag (L = [2.06 ± 0.50] ×1042 erg s−1) approximately 13 days later. SN 2014L shows a close resemblance to SN 2007gr in the photometric evolution, while it shows stronger absorption features of intermediate-mass elements (especially Ca ii) in the early-time spectra. Based on simple modeling of the observed light curves, we derived the mass of synthesized 56Ni as M
Ni = 0.075 ± 0.025 M
⊙, and the mass and total energy of the ejecta as M
ej = 1.00 ± 0.20M
⊙ and E
ej = 1.45 ±0.25 foe, respectively. Given these typical explosion parameters, the early detection, and the extensive observations, we suggest that SN 2014L could be a template sample for the investigation of SNe Ic.
Models for the Unusual Supernova iPTF14hls
Authors: Woosley S. E.
Published: August 2018

Supernova iPTF14hls maintained a bright, variable luminosity for more than 600 days, while lines of hydrogen and iron in its spectrum had different speeds but showed little evolution. Here, several varieties of models are explored for iPTF14hls-like events. They are based upon circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction in an ordinary supernova, pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISN), and magnetar formation. Each is able to explain the enduring emission and brightness of iPTF14hls but each has shortcomings when confronted with other observed characteristics. The PPISN model can, in some cases, produce a presupernova transient like the one observed at the site of iPTF14hls in 1954. It also offers a clear path to providing the necessary half solar mass of material at ∼5 × 1016 cm for CSM interaction to work and it can give an irregular light curve without invoking additional assumptions. It explains the 4000 km s−1 seen in the iron lines but without additional energy input it strains to explain the nearly constant 8000 km s−1 velocity seen in H
α
. Magnetar models can also explain most of the observed features but they give a smooth light curve and may be difficult to reconcile with the observation of slow-moving hydrogen at late times. The various models predict different spectral characteristics and a remnant that, today, could be a black hole, magnetar, or even a star. Further observations and calculations of radiation transport will narrow the range of possibilities.
A Model for Clumpy Self-enrichment in Globular Clusters
Authors: Bailin Jeremy
Published: August 2018

Detailed observations of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed evidence of self-enrichment: some of the heavy elements that we see in stars today were produced by cluster stars themselves. Moreover, GCs have internal subpopulations with different elemental abundances, including, in some cases, in elements such as iron that are produced by supernovae. This paper presents a theoretical model for GC formation motivated by observations of Milky Way star-forming regions and simulations of star formation, where giant molecular clouds fragment into multiple clumps that undergo star formation at slightly different times. Core collapse supernovae from earlier-forming clumps can enrich later-forming clumps to the degree that the ejecta can be retained within the gravitational potential well, resulting in subpopulations with different total metallicities once the clumps merge to form the final cluster. The model matches the mass–metallicity relation seen in GC populations around massive elliptical galaxies, and predicts metallicity spreads within clusters in excellent agreement with those seen in Milky Way GCs, even for those whose internal abundance spreads are so large that their entire identity as a GC is in question. The internal metallicity spread serves as an excellent measurement of how much self-enrichment has occurred in a cluster, a result that is very robust to variation in the model parameters.
ALMA Observations of the Solar Chromosphere on the Polar Limb
Authors: Yokoyama Takaaki , Shimojo Masumi , Okamoto Takenori J. , Iijima Haruhisa
Published: August 2018

We report the results of the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the solar chromosphere on the southern polar limb. Coordinated observations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) are also conducted. ALMA provided unprecedented high spatial resolution in the millimeter band (≈2.″0) at 100 GHz frequency with a moderate cadence (20 s). The results are as follows. (1) The ALMA 100 GHz images show saw-tooth patterns on the limb, and a comparison with Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 171 Å images shows a good correspondence of the limbs with each other. (2) The ALMA animation shows a dynamic thorn-like structure elongating from the saw-tooth patterns on the limb, with lengths reaching at least 8″, thus suggesting jet-like activity in the ALMA microwave range. These ALMA jets are in good correspondence with the IRIS jet clusters. (3) A blob-ejection event is observed. By comparing with the IRIS Mg ii slit-jaw images, the trajectory of the blob is located along the spicular patterns.
ALMA Observations of the Very Young Class 0 Protostellar System HH211-mms: A 30 au Dusty Disk with a Disk Wind Traced by SO?
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Hirano Naomi , Shang Hsien , Ho Paul T. P. , Zhang Qizhou
Published: August 2018

HH 211-mms is one of the youngest Class 0 protostellar systems in Perseus, at a distance of ∼235 pc. We have mapped its central region at up to ∼7 au (0.″03) resolution. A dusty disk is seen deeply embedded in a flattened envelope, with an intensity jump in the dust continuum at ∼350 GHz. It is nearly edge-on and is almost exactly perpendicular to the jet axis. It has a size of ∼30 au along the major axis. It is geometrically thick, indicating that the (sub)millimeter light-emitting grains have yet to settle to the midplane. Its inner part is expected to have transformed into a Keplerian rotating disk with a radius of ∼10 au. A rotating disk atmosphere and a compact rotating bipolar outflow are detected in SO N

J
 = 89 − 78. The outflow fans out from the inner disk surfaces and is rotating in the same direction as the flattened envelope, and hence could trace a disk wind carrying away angular momentum from the inner disk. From the rotation of the disk atmosphere, the protostellar mass is estimated to be ≲50 M
Jup. Together with results from the literature, our result favors a model where the disk radius grows linearly with the protostellar mass, as predicted by models of pre-stellar dense core evolution that asymptotes to an r
−1 radial profile for both the column density and angular velocity.
Revision of Zosteragathis Sharkey of Thailand (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae, Agathidini)
Authors: Sharkey Michael J. , Chapman Eric G.
Published: August 2018

Based on cladistic analyses recently conducted by Sharkey and Chapman, the genus Zosteragathis Sharkey is revised. Twenty-two species are reported from Thailand, three previously described species, Z. samensis, Z. contrasta and Z. nuichuaensis, and 19 new species, i.e., Z. chaiyaphumensis, Z. eukos, Z. hinensis, Z. hongensis, Z. inthanonensis, Z. krachanensis, Z. lampangensis, Z. lampooensis, Z. luangensis, Z. ngamensis, Z. perknos, Z. petchaburiensis, Z. phahompokensis, Z. phuphanensis, Z. sakaeratensis, Z. sakonensis, Z. samensis, Z. surinensis, Z. taemensis, Z. tonensis. Members of Zosteragathis are known from the Australian, Ethiopian, Oceania, Oriental, and eastern Palaearctic regions.
Phylogeographical convergence between Astyanax cavefish and mysid shrimps in the Sierra de El Abra, Mexico
Authors: Kopp Joseph , Avasthi Shristhi , Espinasa Luis
Published: August 2018

The Sierra de El Abra is a long (120 km) and narrow (10 km) karstic area in northeastern Mexico. Some studies have suggested independent evolutionary histories for the multiple populations of blind cavefish Astyanaxmexicanus that inhabit this mountain range, despite the hydrological connections that may exist across the Sierra. Barriers between caves could have prevented stygobitic populations to migrate across caves, creating evolutionary significant units localized in discrete biogeographical areas of the Sierra de El Abra. The goal of the present study was to evaluate if there is a correspondence in phylogeographical patterns between Astyanax cavefish and the stygobitic mysid shrimp Spelaeomysisquinterensis. Astyanax mtDNA and mysid histone H3 DNA sequences showed that in both species, cave populations in central El Abra, such as Tinaja cave, are broadly different from other cave populations. This phylogeographical convergence supports the notion that the central Sierra de El Abra is a biogeographical zone with effective barriers for either cave to cave or surface to cave gene flow, which have modulated the evolutionary history across species of its aquatic stygobitic community.
Analyse du traitement médiatique d’une politique d’éducation prioritaire : la réputation du REP de 2006 à 2017
Authors: Fouquet-Chauprade Barbara , Dutrévis Marion
Published: August 2018

Depuis 2006, le canton de Genève s’est doté d’une politique scolaire labellisée Réseau d’enseignement prioritaire (REP). Pour un établissement qui rejoint ce réseau, quelles sont les conséquences en termes de réputation ? Pour traiter cette question, nous proposons dans cet article une analyse de la presse locale. À travers cette analyse, nous chercherons à déterminer quelle image, quelle réputation est associée aux établissements prioritaires, à leur public, et aux familles, et comment cette réputation évolue. Les résultats suggèrent que les catégories mobilisées pour qualifier les élèves scolarisés en établissement prioritaire s’inscrivent dans une perspective déficitaire qui essentialise la difficulté scolaire. La réputation des établissements rejoint la réputation du quartier. Et le discours produit fait émerger des préoccupations plus éducatives que pédagogiques. Enfin, le discours autour du REP évolue en fonction des débats politiques et des réformes scolaires concomitantes.
L’école française face aux nouvelles figures de l’immigration : le cas d’enfants de migrants roms bulgares et de réfugiés syriens dans des territoires scolaires contrastés
Authors: Clavé-Mercier Alexandra , Schiff Claire
Published: August 2018

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans différentes localités d’une région française, cet article s’intéresse aux ajustements mis en place par l’institution scolaire pour faire face aux difficultés posées par l’arrivée d’enfants de populations migrantes jusqu’alors peu présentes en France. Il s’agit d’une part de familles roms bulgares en habitat précaire regroupées en territoire urbain, et d’autre part de familles syriennes réfugiées « réinstallées » de façon isolée dans diverses communes rurales qui se sont portées volontaires pour les accueillir. La comparaison met en évidence que la multiplication des dispositifs spécifiques et des ressources dédiées aux allophones n’aboutit pas nécessairement à l’inclusion, alors que leur absence n’est pas en soi un obstacle à leur intégration scolaire, dès lors qu’un certain nombre d’acteurs se mobilise autour de ces enfants. La réflexion sur les conditions d’accueil et l’incidence des représentations qui distinguent les migrants économiques des réfugiés révèle que lorsque la prise en charge de ces élèves devient l’affaire de tous, leur présence acquiert une légitimité qui permet d’encourager à la fois l’innovation pédagogique et la banalisation de leurs différences.
On Evolutionary Game Theory and Team Reasoning
Authors: Lempert Daniel
Published: August 2018

La théorie des jeux évolutionnaires a été utilisée de façon récurrente pour modéliser les interactions humaines, et a été plus récemment appliquée pour analyser l’émergence et la viabilité à long terme du raisonnement en équipe. Je présente les bases de l’analyse évolutionnaire, et discute plusieurs problèmes liés à l’importation de la théorie des jeux évolutionnaires depuis la biologie (où elle a été initialement utilisée pour étudier l’évolution génétique des comportements animaux) vers les sciences humaines. Je souligne en particulier des différences importantes entre l’évolution génétique et l’évolution culturelle. Après avoir présenté quelques résultats fondamentaux de l’analyse évolutionnaire, je discute des analyses évolutionnaires récentes du raisonnement en équipe. Je conclus en suggérant plusieurs pistes de recherche théoriques et empiriques.
Fuzzy temporal meta-clustering of financial trading volatility patterns
Authors: Lingras Pawan , Haider Farhana , Triff Matt
Published: August 2018

A volatile trading pattern on a given day in a financial market presents an opportunity for traders to maximize the difference between their buying and selling prices. In order to formulate trading strategies it may be advantageous to study typical trading patterns. This paper first describes how clustering can be used to profile typical volatile trading patterns. Fuzzy $c$-means provides a better description of individual trading patterns, since they can display certain aspects of different trading profiles. While daily volatility profile is a useful indicator for trading a stock, the volatility history is also an important part of the decision making process. This paper further proposes a fuzzy temporal meta-clustering algorithm that not only captures the daily volatility but also puts it in a historical perspective by including the volatility of previous two weeks in the meta-profile.
Accounting for Surveyor Effort in Large-Scale Monitoring Programs
Authors: Aagaard Kevin , Lyons James E. , Thogmartin Wayne E.
Published: August 2018

Accounting for errors in wildlife surveys is necessary for reliable status assessments and quantification of uncertainty in estimates of population size. We apply a hierarchical log-linear Poisson regression model that accounts for multiple sources of variability in count data collected for the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program during 2010–2014. In some large-scale monitoring programs (e.g., Christmas Bird Count) there are diminishing returns in numbers counted as survey effort increases; therefore, we also explore the need to account for variable survey duration as a proxy for effort. In general, we found a high degree of concordance between counts and effort-adjusted estimates of relative abundance from the Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring Program (x̄difference = 0.02%; 0.25% SD). We suggest that the model-based adjustments were small because there is only a weak asymptotic relationship with effort and count. Whereas effort adjustments are reasonable and effective when applied to count data from plots of standardized area, such adjustments may not be necessary when the area of sample units is not standardized and surveyor effort increases with number of birds present. That is, large units require more effort only when there are many birds present. The general framework we implemented to evaluate effects of varying survey effort applies to a wide variety of wildlife monitoring efforts.
Efficiency of Sampling Sunfishes Using Snorkeling in Clear, Warm-Water Streams of the South-Central United States
Authors: Mollenhauer Robert , Brewer Shannon K.
Published: August 2018

The continued evaluation of fish-sampling gears and methods is essential to identify their applicability across environmental conditions and among species. Although limited by visibility, snorkeling has potential advantages relative to other fish-sampling gears in wadeable streams (e.g., minimally intrusive, cost effective, and appropriate in deeper areas). Clear water is common to warm-water streams; however, the use of snorkeling for monitoring stream-fish populations has largely focused on cold-water systems. To assess relative snorkeling efficiency in warm-water streams, we compared standardized single-pass snorkel counts to tow-barge electrofishing abundance estimates for six sunfishes (Centrarchidae) in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion of northwest Oklahoma and southwest Missouri under relatively similar environmental conditions (i.e., clear water, cobble substrates, low-flow conditions). Snorkeling efficiency was variable among sunfishes and consistently low for species with cryptic traits and habitat use. We also did not detect cryptic sunfishes (i.e., a single individual was not encountered) using snorkeling at multiple stream reaches where estimated abundance was > 50 within a 0.5- to 1.0-km stream reach. Our findings indicate that snorkeling has applications for monitoring sunfish populations and assemblages when using an abundance estimator or accounting for imperfect detection; however, it is inappropriate for estimating population size of cryptic sunfishes. We encourage continued research into the applicability of snorkeling to estimate warm-water stream fish abundance.
Designing a Protected Area to Safeguard Imperiled Species from Urbanization
Authors: Romañach Stephanie S. , Stith Brad , Johnson Fred A.
Published: August 2018

Reserve design is a process that can address ecological, social, and political factors to identify parcels of land needed to sustain wildlife populations and other natural resources. Acquisition of parcels for a large terrestrial reserve is difficult because it typically occurs over a long timeframe and thus invokes consideration of future conditions such as climate and urbanization changes. In central Florida, the U.S. government has authorized a new protected area, the Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge. The new refuge will host important threatened and endangered species and habitats, and will be located to allow for species adaptation from climate change impacts. For this study we combined habitat objectives defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and projections from two urbanization models to provide guidance for Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge design. We used Marxan with Zones to find near-optimal solutions for protecting explicit amounts of five target habitats. We identified parcels for inclusion into the reserve design that the models allocated among two zones representing different methods of protection: fee-simple purchase (up to 20,234 ha authorized by the U.S. government), and conservation easement agreements (up to 40,469 ha authorized). As expected, for all scenarios we found an increase in costs as the proportion of fee-simple purchases was increased, reflecting the lesser cost of easements, but the number of parcels required for protection differed little among scenarios. The two urbanization models showed considerable agreement over which habitat patches they did not forecast to be developed, and some agreement over which parcels might be developed. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may benefit from focusing on parcels that our analyses select frequently under both urban scenarios because these parcels are more likely to be in areas where there are fewer urbanization threats and a lower demand for land. The reserve designs we generated met U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service habitat goals within fee and easement zone restrictions, and we found reserve configurations that fell well below the mandated size limit.
Fulminant amoebic colitis in the era of computed tomography scan: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mewa Kinoo Suman , Ramkelawon Vikesh V. , Maharajh Jaynund , Singh Bugwan
Published: August 2018

Amoebic colitis, caused by ingestion of water or food contaminated with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, can progress to a fulminant colitis. Computed tomography (CT) findings reported in the literature on this type of colitis are sparse. We present a 59-year-old male patient with a one-week history of progressive abdominal pain, abdominal distension and associated watery and bloody diarrhoea. A CT scan revealed deep ulcerations with submucosal and intramural tracking of contrast. Colonoscopy and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of Amoebic colitis. The patient required a laparotomy and demised. Deep ulcerations with submucosal and intramural tracking of contrast on CT are diagnostic of fulminant amoebic colitis. Although not demonstrated at CT in this case, discontinuous bowel necrosis, omental wrapping (seen at laparotomy in our case) and neovascularisation of the bowel wall may be other features to look out for.