bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the swelling behavior of oil paint in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)
Authors: Biribicchi Chiara , Doutre Michael , Favero Gabriele
Published: December 2024

Naturally aged zinc white oil paint exhibits low-to-moderate swelling in FAMEs. Swelling differences are influenced by the chain length of the FAMEs.
DDQ-catalyzed oxidative α-allylation of isochromans under aerobic conditions
Authors: Lee Sujin , Jung Sunhwa , Hyeon Suyeon , Kim Kyungmin , Min Sun-Joon
Published: December 2024

A direct C–H activation of isochromans using a DDQ/TBN/O2 catalytic system, followed by addition of allylstannane in the presence of methanesulfonic acid, provides various α-allyl substituted isochromans efficiently.
Recent advances in carbon-based materials derived from diverse green biowaste for sensing applications: a comprehensive overview from the perspective of synthesis method and application
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Rachchh Nikunj , Pallathadka Harikumar , Sanjeevi R. , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Bobonazarovna Shoira Formanova , Jabbar Hijran Sanaan , Mahajan Shriya , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Alhadrawi Merwa
Published: December 2024

Carbon-based materials derived from green biowaste for biomedical application, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis.
TiO2/CuWO4 heterojunction photocatalyst in the preparation of cardiovascular chromeno[4,3-b]chromene drugs
Authors: Sun Jiaqi , Song Jiahao
Published: December 2024

Chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes are synthesized by TiO2/CuWO4. The results highlighted this heterojunction material in photocatalytic synthesis.
Theoretical insights into Z-scheme BAs/GeC van der Waals heterostructure for high-efficiency solar cell
Authors: Chaoui Khawla , Zanat Kamel , Elaggoune Warda , Henrard Luc , Achehboune Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Illustration of the Z-scheme BAs/GeC heterostructure mechanism for photovoltaic applications, demonstrating efficient charge separation and electron-hole recombination suppression under illumination, leading to enhanced energy conversion performance.
High entropy biphasic oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries to mitigate performance degradation
Authors: Wang Yusong , Wang Yingshuai , Liu Lei , Wang Ziye , Ding Xiangyu , Zhou Qingbo , Huang Shaowen , Zhang Hexiao , Gao Hongcai
Published: December 2024

O3-type materials with lower sodium content have been designed by improving the configuration entropy of the material and increasing the oxygen defects in the material. The stability of the material was improved by the biphasic tailoring strategy.
Heterogeneity in microbial fuel cell stacking influences acidogenic metabolism towards bioelectricity generation, fatty acid synthesis and wastewater treatment
Authors: Sharma Ami , Tharak Athmakuri , Patel Ajey Kumar , Mohan S. Venkata
Published: December 2024

This study explores the influence of varied stacking configurations in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to channel acidogenic metabolism for enhanced bioelectricity generation, value-added acid synthesis, and wastewater treatment.
Investigation of charge transfer models on the evolution of phases in lithium iron phosphate batteries using phase-field simulations
Authors: Hammadi Souzan , Broqvist Peter , Brandell Daniel , Ofori-Opoku Nana
Published: December 2024

Phase evolution in batteries are more reliably modelled by the Marcus–Hush–Chidsey expression, as it modulates the current density.
Enabling rational electrolyte design for lithium batteries through precise descriptors: progress and future perspectives
Authors: Cui Baichuan , Xu Jijian
Published: December 2024

The physicochemical properties accurately captured by the precise descriptors enable researchers to efficiently screen and identify optimal compounds for designing high-performance electrolytes for Li batteries.
Exploring separation techniques for the direct recycling of high voltage spinel LNMO scrap electrodes
Authors: Guzmán Stiven López , Fehse Marcus , Gucciardi Emanuele , Cabello Marta , Martin Silvia , Etxebarria Naiara , Ceja Miguel , Romera Miriam , Galceran Montse , Reynaud Marine
Published: December 2024

Workflow of the direct recycling of various LNMO electrode scraps through three distinct separation routes, with the resulting materials used directly for the preparation of new electrodes with no need for re-synthesis of the active material.
Euclid preparation. Simulations and non-linearities beyond Lambda cold dark matter. I. Numerical methods and validation
Authors:   Euclid Collaboration, Adamek J. , Fiorini B. , Baldi M. , Brando G. , Breton M.-A. , al.
Published: December 2024

To constrain cosmological models beyond Lambda CDM, the development of the analysis pipeline requires simulations that capture the non-linear phenomenology of such models. We present an overview of numerical methods and $N$-body simulation codes developed to study the non-linear regime of structure formation in alternative dark energy and modified gravity theories. We review a variety of numerical techniques and approximations employed in cosmological $N$-body simulations to model the complex phenomenology of scenarios beyond Lambda CDM. This includes discussions on solving non-linear field equations, accounting for fifth forces, and implementing screening mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a code comparison exercise to assess the reliability and convergence of different simulation codes across a range of models. Our analysis demonstrates a high degree of agreement among the outputs of different simulation codes, typically within 2 for the predicted modification of the matter power spectrum and within 4 for the predicted modification of the halo mass function, although some approximations degrade accuracy a bit further. This provides confidence in current numerical methods of modelling cosmic structure formation beyond Lambda CDM. We highlight recent advances made in simulating the non-linear scales of structure formation, which are essential for leveraging the full scientific potential of the forthcoming observational data from the mission.
Automated galaxy sizes in Euclid images using the Segment Anything Model
Authors: Vega-Ferrero J. , Buitrago F. , Fernández-Iglesias J. , Raji S. , Sahelices B. , Domínguez Sánchez H.
Published: December 2024

Context. Stellar disk truncations, also referred to as galaxy edges, are key indicators of galactic size, determined by the radial location of the gas density threshold for star formation. This threshold essentially marks the boundary of the luminous matter in a galaxy. Accurately measuring galaxy sizes for millions of galaxies is essential for understanding the physical processes driving galaxy evolution over cosmic time.

Aims. We aim to explore the potential of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), a foundation model designed for image segmentation, to automatically identify disk truncations in galaxy images. With the Euclid Wide Survey poised to deliver vast datasets, our goal is to assess SAM’s capability to measure galaxy sizes in a fully automated manner.

Methods. SAM was applied to a labeled dataset of 1,047 disk-like galaxies with M* > 1010 M⊙ at redshifts up to z ~ 1, sourced from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CANDELS fields. We “euclidized” the HST galaxy images by creating composite RGB images, using the F160W (H-band), F125W (J-band), and F814W + F606W (I-band + V -band) HST filters, respectively. Using these processed images as input for SAM, we retrieved various truncation masks for each galaxy image under different configurations of the input data.

Results. We find excellent agreement between the galaxy sizes identified by SAM and those measured manually (i.e., by using the radial positions of the stellar disk edges in galaxy light profiles), with an average deviation of approximately 3%. This error reduces to about 1% when excluding problematic cases.

Conclusions. Our results highlight the strong potential of SAM for detecting disk truncations and measuring galaxy sizes across large datasets in an automated way. SAM performs well without requiring extensive image preprocessing, labeled training datasets for truncations (used only for validation), fine-tuning, or additional domain-specific adaptations such as transfer learning.
The formation and stability of a cold disc made out of stellar winds in the Galactic centre
Authors: Calderón Diego , Cuadra Jorge , Russell Christopher M. P. , Burkert Andreas , Rosswog Stephan , Balakrishnan Mayura
Published: December 2024

Context. The reported discovery of a cold (~104 K) disc-like structure within the central 5 × 10−3 pc around the super-massive black hole at the centre of the Milk Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), has challenged our understanding of the gas dynamics and thermodynamic state of the plasma in its immediate vicinity. State-of-the-art simulations do not agree on whether or not such a disc can indeed be a product of the multiple stellar wind interactions of the mass-losing stars in the region.

Aims. The aims of this study are to constrain the conditions for the formation of a cold disc as a natural outcome of the system of the mass-losing stars orbiting around Sgr A*, to investigate whether the disc is a transient or long-lasting structure, and to assess the validity of the model through direct comparisons with observations.

Methods. We performed a set of hydrodynamic simulations of the observed Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars feeding Sgr A* using the finite- volume adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses. We focus, for the first time, on the impact of the chemical composition of the plasma emanating from the WR stars.

Results. The simulations show that the chemical composition of the plasma affects the radiative cooling to a sufficient degree to impact the properties of the medium, such as density and temperature, and, as a consequence, the rate at which the material inflows onto Sgr A*. We demonstrate that the formation of a cold disc from the stellar winds is possible for certain chemical compositions that are consistent with the current observational constraints. However, even in such cases, it is not possible to reproduce the reported properties of the observed disc-like structure, namely its inclination and the fluxes of its hydrogen recombination lines.

Conclusions. We conclude that the stellar winds alone are not sufficient to form the cold disc around Sgr A* inferred from observations. Either relevant ingredients are still missing in the model, or the interpretation of the observed data needs to be revised.
Conduites suicidaires en France : des tendances inquiétantes chez les jeunes et de fortes inégalités sociales
Authors: Guichard Hadrien , Troy Lisa , De Champs Clémentine , Hazo Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2024

Élaboré dans le cadre de l’Observatoire national du suicide, le présent article vise à présenter une
synthèse des données épidémiologiques et réfl exions sociologiques sur les comportements suici-
daires en France et en Europe ainsi que leurs principaux déterminants sociaux.
Pour approcher les conduites suicidaires, très intriquées à la thématique de la santé mentale, plu-
sieurs types d’indicateurs statistiques peuvent être mobilisés qui ne répondent pas tous aux mêmes
dynamiques : nombres et proportions de suicides, tentatives de suicide, automutilations non suici-
daires et pensées suicidaires. Ces phénomènes sont des faits sociaux autant qu’ils répondent à une
grande souffrance subjective. La surveillance épidémiologique dont ils font l’objet permet de dégager
des tendances et de pointer des populations particulièrement à risque car ils varient singulièrement
selon différentes caractéristiques démographiques et socioéconomiques.
Essential implications of similarities in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Montag Anton , Kunst Flore K.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we show that three different generalized similarities enclose all unitary and anti-unitary symmetries that induce exceptional points in lower-dimensional non-Hermitian systems. We prove that the generalized similarity conditions result in a larger class of systems than any class defined by a unitary or anti-unitary symmetry. Further we highlight that the similarities enforce spectral symmetry on the Hamiltonian resulting in a reduction of the codimension of exceptional points. As a consequence we show that the similarities drive the emergence of exceptional points in lower dimensions without the more restrictive need for a unitary and/or anti-unitary symmetry.
Evaluating deuterated-xylene for use as a fusion neutron spectrometer
Authors: Ball J. L. , Panontin E. , Mackie S. , Tinguely R. A. , Raj P.
Published: December 2024

The spectrum of neutrons emitted by thermonuclear plasmas encodes information about the fuel ion distribution function. Measuring these fast neutron spectra with sufficient resolution allows for the measurement of plasma properties such as the ion temperature and strength and energy of fast ion populations. Liquid organic scintillators are a commonly used fast neutron detection technology because of their high detection efficiency and ability to discriminate between neutrons and gammas. However, performing detailed spectroscopy with these detectors is difficult because of the isotropic nature of neutron scattering on protons, the dominant mechanism of interaction. Deuterium-based scintillators have shown promise as a superior spectrometer technology because of the anisotropic nature of neutron scattering on deuterium, which significantly improves the condition number of the detector response matrix [Lawrence et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 729, 924 (2013)]. Deuterated-xylene, now available commercially, has advantages in light output and safety over benzene-based deuterated scintillators [Becchetti et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 820, 112 (2016)]. We present experimental spectrum unfoldings made by 2 in. right cylindrical protiated-xylene and deuterated-xylene detectors with response matrices generated with Geant4 and additional data from the literature. We compare their performance by measuring the neutron spectrum produced by an AmBe source and deuterium–tritium (DT) neutron generators. We find that the deuterated scintillator outperforms the protiated one for AmBe and DT spectra, suggesting deuterated-xylene should be considered for future fusion neutron spectrometry applications.
Non-local transitions and ground state switching in the self-organization of vascular networks
Authors: Klemm Konstantin , Martens Erik A.
Published: December 2024

The model by D. Hu and D. Cai [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 138701 (2013). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.138701] describes the self-organization of vascular networks for transport of fluids from source to sinks. Diameters, and thereby, conductances, of vessel segments evolve so as to minimize a cost functional E. The cost is the trade-off between the power required for pumping the fluid and the energy consumption for vessel maintenance. The model has been used to show emergence of cyclic structures in the presence of locally fluctuating demand, i.e., non-constant net flow at sink nodes. Under rapid and sufficiently large fluctuations, the dynamics exhibits the bistability of tree-like and cyclic network structures. We compare these solutions in terms of the cost functional E. Close to the saddle-node bifurcation giving rise to the cyclic solutions, we find a parameter regime where the tree-like solution rather than the cyclic solution is cost-optimal. Thus, we discover an additional, non-local transition where tree-like and cyclic solutions exchange their roles as minimum-cost (or ground) states. The findings hold both in a small system of one source and a few sinks and in an empirical vascular network with hundreds of sinks. In the small system, we further analyze the case of slower fluctuations, i.e., on the same time scale as network adaptation. We find that the noisy dynamics settles around the cyclic structures even when these structures are not cost-optimal.
Improved piezoelectric energy harvester with dual-impact strategy for small acceleration amplitude vibrations
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Yi , Ding Jiheng , Luo Jun , Pu Huayan , Wang Min
Published: December 2024

Increasing the operable frequency range and improving the small acceleration amplitude harvesting performance of the piezoelectric energy harvesting devices is importance due to the wide frequency spectrum and large amplitude range of environmental vibrations. In this Letter, an improved piezoelectric energy harvester with frequency upconversion is proposed, which is comprised of a composite piezoelectric beam and a firing pin. In contrast to the conventional impact-based systems that mainly rely on beam vibrations to enhance harvesting performance, the proposed system employs a dual-impact strategy. In particular, an oblique impact-based harvesting phenomenon is observed, which has not been investigated in previous studies. A multilevel impact nonlinear coupled dynamic model is developed. The experimental results indicate that at an excitation acceleration amplitude of 0.15 g, the proposed system demonstrates a 482.9% increase in the output peak value and introduces dual-band frequency in comparison with the conventional structure. Additionally, the proposed coupled model is validated through adjustments to various load resistances. The highest output power is achieved at a load resistance of 210 kΩ, with the maximum average power reaching 3.96 mW and a power density of 1.59 mW/mm3g2 at an acceleration amplitude of 0.15 g, outperforming other piezoelectric energy harvesters.
Atomic simulation of phonon scattering by point defect in honeycomb lattice
Authors: Xia Xuewei , Zhang Jiani , Liu Baiyili
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the impact of a single point defect on phonons with different frequencies in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice is investigated. We first demonstrate the dynamic equations for the harmonic honeycomb lattice, along with the equations of motion for atoms near the point defect. Then, we derive the expression for a single-frequency phonon mode. To realize the incidence of phonons and eliminate boundary reflections, we adopt the two-way boundary condition with the single-frequency phonon mode as a source term. Numerical computations show that as the frequency of incident phonons increases, the scattering patterns become more pronounced, displaying symmetric water-like ripple images. Furthermore, the nonlinear honeycomb lattice with FPU-β potential is also investigated. In a nonlinear lattice, it has been found that a point defect not only alters the propagation direction and vibration amplitude of phonons but also enhances the interaction between phonon modes, thereby generating a large number of high-frequency phonons, which may increase the randomness of the scattering pattern.
Combining machine learning and computational fluid dynamics for solar panel tilt angle optimization in extreme winds
Authors: Michel T. , Ansaldi A. , Viquerat J. , Meliga P. , Hachem E.
Published: December 2024

Although a key driver for green energy development, solar photovoltaic power plants face the major risk of severe wind damages, as there is currently no best practice on how to best stow the panels under strong wind conditions. In this research, an out-of-the-box numerical framework is introduced to inform the discussion around panel design and recommended stow positions, one that leverages the increasing use of solar tracker actuators, that allows panels to set an optimal angle relative to the sun to maximize power output, and incidentally offer a great potential for optimal safeguarding through individual panel piloting. The task of concurrently optimizing multiple panel tilts in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer wind flow is modeled as a Markov decision process and solved with a single-step deep reinforcement learning algorithm, intended for situations where the optimal policy to be learnt by a neural network does not depend on state. The numerical reward fed to the neural network is computed from high-fidelity numerical simulations combining variational multiscale modeling of the Navier–Stokes equations and anisotropic boundary layer mesh adaptation, to accurately represent critical flow features at affordable computational costs, regardless of the panel tilts chosen by the learning agent. A range of experiments is performed across various learning objectives accounting for different possible causes of breakage (such as tear, vibrations, and fatigue), for which the proposed approach successfully minimizes the aerodynamic efforts on two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangements of six ground-mounted panels under an incident wind speed of 50 km/h, while outperforming baseline safeguarding practices considered in the literature by several dozen per cent. This gives hope that, by interacting with its computational fluid dynamics environment in a trial-and-error manner, a deep reinforcement learning agent can learn unexpected solutions to this complex decision-making problem and come up with innovative, feasible solutions capable of managing utility-scale solar assets during high-wind events while efficiently complementing engineering intuition and practical experience.
Charge-transfer energy through the dipole moment
Authors: Carmona-Espíndola Javier , Flores Anaid , Ireta Joel , Gázquez José L.
Published: December 2024

The charge-transfer energy contribution is one of the most controversial components of the total interaction energy. Commonly, the energy associate to a charge-transfer process depends on population analysis. Therefore, the results further depend on how the population analysis is defined, and certainly, the results may be arbitrary. Moreover, another important feature of the current methods is the basis sets dependency. The results of methodologies that depend on orbital-based population analyses tend to have a strong dependency on the size of the basis set utilized. This basis set dependency is eliminated by using spatial partitioning population analyses. However, these methodologies still rely on the arbitrary choice of how to divide the space. In this work, we study the use of the molecular dipole moment as a reference to describe the charge transfer-free system, i.e., a system in which the charge-transfer process is avoided. We use the recently developed constrained dipole moment density functional theory methodology to constrain the dipole moment of several systems according to reference values. These dipole moment references do not present charge transfer nor polarization contributions. In this manner, we have calculated the charge-transfer energy contributions and the total interaction energies of 13 non-covalent complexes. In addition, we determined two long range charge-transfer excitations considering the dipole moment as a reference. The calculated charge-transfer energy contributions and excitation energies are in a very good agreement with the fragment-based Hirshfeld methodology. Nevertheless, the constrained dipole moments results do not depend on population analysis. Moreover, the method is robust with respect to the strength of the charge transfer and the basis set size.
Effect of TiN electrodes and Gd-doping on HfO2 structural properties
Authors: Abdallah M. M. , Skopin E. V. , Fillot F. , Constantin D. , Abusaa M. , Bsiesy A.
Published: December 2024

The ferroelectric properties evidenced on undoped hafnium oxide, which are similar to those of doped HfO2, are rather unexpected since it is believed that doping is a prerequisite for stabilizing HfO2 ferroelectric behavior. Two different origins were invoked to account for this behavior. The first is related to the thermodynamic conditions of orthorhombic/ferroelectric HfO2 phase formation, favored upon the monoclinic/non-ferroelectric one by its lower surface energy in very small crystallites, i.e., in very thin layers. The second one is related to the existence of mechanical stress within the HfO2 layer, which allows stabilization of the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic/ferroelectric phase. The mechanical stress is either due to doping or the top and bottom metal layers in the metal/HfO2/metal stack. The origin of undoped HfO2 ferroelectric behavior is still under debate. In this work, additional evidence of the role of mechanical stress in stabilizing the HfO2 orthorhombic/tetragonal (o/t) phase is presented. The effect of top and bottom TiN electrodes on the crystallization of Gd-doped and undoped HfO2 layers was studied as a function of HfO2 layer thickness. The results show that the HfO2 o/t phase of undoped HfO2 disappears when the bottom TiN electrode is absent. In contrast, Gd-doped HfO2 layers show the presence of a high o/t phase amount, even without the TiN bottom layer. The mechanical stress role is further evidenced by atomic plane interplanar distance measurements, which show large deformation between in-plane and out-of-plane x-ray diffraction geometries, only in the case of Gd-doped HfO2.
Cascaded high harmonic generation in mixture of argon and helium: Achieving a broad photon spectrum
Authors: Chintalwad S. , Chau Thong , Dao Lap Van
Published: December 2024

In this study, we explore high harmonic generation (HHG) in pure argon (Ar) gas and a mixture of argon and helium (He). We investigate phase-matching conditions and interference effects in both single and mixed-gas systems. By varying the gas pressure in the Ar–He mixture, we optimize the harmonic spectrum, achieving a broad range from H17 to H43, corresponding to photon energies of 25 eV to 75 eV. We attribute the spectrum broadening to a cascaded HHG process: argon-generated extreme ultraviolet photons excite helium's outer electrons, which are then driven by the fundamental laser field to contribute to HHG. This finding aligns with previous studies, showing that mixing gases with low and high ionization potentials can enhance HHG. The results offer a broad HHG spectrum ideal for ultra-fast spectroscopy and high-resolution imaging applications.
Experimental study of the early evolution of traveling crossflow instability on a 75° swept flat plate at Mach 6
Authors: Niu Haibo , Yi Shihe , Liu Xiaolin , Fu Jia
Published: December 2024

The early evolution of the traveling crossflow instability on a flat plate with a sweep angle of 75° is experimentally investigated. The experiments are conducted in a Mach 6 quiet wind tunnel through the nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique under the unit Reynolds number of 3.45 × 106 m−1. The spanwise and streamwise structures of the traveling crossflow waves are captured, and the wavelength and frequency characteristics of the traveling crossflow waves are quantitatively analyzed based on wavelet analysis. The results show that with the increase in z-coordinate and x-coordinate, the distribution range of the traveling crossflow waves in y-direction expands, the amplitude of disturbance waves increases, and saturated crossflow wave structures appear gradually. The wavelength of the crossflow waves is about 24 mm and does not change much in different positions. In addition, the propagation velocity of the crossflow waves along the x-direction at the position of x = 130 mm and z = 60 mm is quantitatively calculated, U = 303 m/s. Thus, the characteristic frequency of the crossflow waves obtained from the NPLS image is f≈12 kHz, close to 9.57 kHz measured by Kulite at the same position.
Physical effects between the interaction of a Maxwell fluid and a uniform marine current on the mechanical response of a poroelastic soil
Authors: Barbosa M. , Bautista E. , Méndez F.
Published: December 2024

In this work, an analytical solution to the soil's dynamic response induced by the interaction between a long water wave and a viscoelastic mud is obtained. The system is divided into three regions: the upper layer is water, the middle layer is a viscoelastic mud, and the lower layer is a poroelastic soil. It is assumed that there is an horizontal marine current with uniform vertical profile. The water hydrodynamics is obtained under the assumption of a potential flow. In the mud region, which thickness is of the same order of magnitude as the water depth, the simplified Cauchy governing equations are solved, where the Maxwell rheological model is adopted. Because it is considered a viscoelastic mud at the mud–soil interface, the continuity of shear and vertical stresses is assumed. Increasing the mud thickness, the vertical stresses and the vertical displacements of the soil are also increased. It should be noted that increasing the mud viscoelasticy, represented by increasing values of the Deborah number, affects only the shear stresses and the horizontal soil displacements. It is identified that currents that are found in the same direction that the wave propagation induce larger liquefaction depth than those calculated for opposite currents. The present solution can serve, as a first approximation, to identify the effects of the wave–current interaction in the presence of a viscoelastic mud on the liquefaction depth.
Numerical study on dilution of an oscillating jet in current environments
Authors: Zhang Wanru , Xu Zhenshan , Fang Shuqiao , Pan Shunqi , Chen Yongping
Published: December 2024

The mixing behavior of an oscillating jet under the influence of currents remains incomprehensive. This study uses a three-dimensional large eddy simulation model to investigate the phase-averaged and time-averaged concentration distribution of three-dimensional scalar structures in the oscillating jet under a current environment. The effects of dimensionless parameters on dilution characteristics are also analyzed. The results indicate that increasing the jet-current velocity ratio (Rjc) and the amplitude-jet velocity ratio (Raj), while decreasing the Strouhal number (St), can enhance the dilution capacity of the receiving water. To quantify the oscillatory effect of jets on the initial dilution of wastewater discharge, semiempirical equations for the cross-sectional minimum dilution (Sc) and the visual area (A25%) of the oscillating jet in a current environment are developed using the least squares method. The oscillatory nature of the jets is found to behave similarly to wave effects. Furthermore, the empirical equations for the initial dilution of oscillating jets in current environments are structurally consistent with those for non-oscillating jets in wave-current coexisting environments. This study highlights the positive impact of oscillating jets on mixing and dilution.
Improved implementation of wettability in the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for simulating droplet impacts on cylindrical targets
Authors: Jiang F. , Guo Y. , Mochizuki S. , Tsuji T.
Published: December 2024

An improved wettability implementation in the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for simulating the impact of a droplet onto a cylindrical target is developed. Contact angle control is achieved through a cubic wetting boundary condition that allows precise modeling of wettability. To handle curved surfaces, quadratic interpolation and an image point technique are used to enforce accurate boundary conditions and contact angles. A filtering process is also applied to the phase-field variable to reduce nonphysical artifacts near the interface, ensuring stability and accuracy. The method's validity is demonstrated by simulating droplet impacts on cylindrical surfaces with varying contact angles, from 10° to 170°. Our numerical method provides accurate predictions of the droplet's post-impact phenomena, such as lamella formation, droplet splitting, and film thickness evolution. The numerical results are validated against experimental data and theoretical models, demonstrating good agreement in both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Splitting model and rapid simulation for large-scale natural gas pipeline networks
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Shouxi , Wang Yong , Quan Qing , Li Jiahao
Published: December 2024

Numerical discrete methods must typically solve high-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations when simulating large-scale natural gas pipeline networks. This leads to a sharp increase in computational complexity, resulting in reduced simulation speed. In response to these issues, this study focused on the development of a splitting model and rapid simulation techniques for large-scale pipeline networks. A novel simulation method named linearized lumped parameter model (LLPM) was proposed; by using Lanczos integrate and Taylor expansion methods, the LLPM considers the inertial and gravity terms. Combining with the linearized finite difference method, a simulation technique was constructed, in which the pipeline network is split into an independent node model and pipeline models. Additionally, the boundary conditions of each pipeline are decoupled from the network. This method not only accelerates the simulation efficiency by breaking down the high-dimensional network model into low-dimensional node and pipeline models, but also provides detailed parameter profiles along the pipeline, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional lumped parameter methods. Finally, to validate the proposed method, an actual offshore pipeline network with a total length of 930.36 km was simulated. The results reveal that, compared with the measurement data, the simulation error of the proposed method is 0.92%, and the calculation speed is 132.16 times faster than that of the discrete method. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for the fast and accurate simulation of large-scale natural gas pipeline networks.
Bimeron stability and non-reciprocal energy behavior in magnetic nanodots
Authors: Silva-Junior A. G. , de Souza S. F. , Teixeira A. W. , Laroze D. , Pereira A. R. , Fonseca J. M. , Carvalho-Santos V. L.
Published: December 2024

Magnetic bimerons, solitonic spin textures with the same topology as skyrmions, have attracted attention for their potential in spintronic applications. In this work, we explore the stabilization conditions and energy characteristics of bimerons in a circular nanodot through micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations. We examine the dependence of the size, position, and orientation of the meron and antimeron cores on the anisotropy-induced easy-axis. Our results demonstrate that the bimeron orientation relative to the surrounding homogeneous state is strongly influenced by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction type. Additionally, we show a non-reciprocal energy dependence on the bimeron's position within the nanodot. We also obtain that the bimeron size decreases with increasing anisotropy, while its equilibrium position is displaced from the nanodot center. Furthermore, an analysis of energy barriers reveals that bimeron contraction is the dominant annihilation mechanism under thermal fluctuations. These insights are valuable for developing magnetic devices that require precise control of topological spin textures.
Dynamic changes in wettability within a nanoscale slit of coal during hot flue gas injection
Authors: Ma Shunqing , Lin Baiquan , Zhang Xiangliang , Liu Qian , Zhao Jiajia
Published: December 2024

Aiming at exploring the dynamic changes in wettability within a nanoscale slit of coal during hot flue gas injection, a competitive wetting model of coal–water–multicomponent gas that considers real gas occurrence pressures was established in this study. Additionally, various methods that influence the wettability within the slit at different hot flue gas injection pressures were investigated, and the mechanism of wettability changes within the slit was elucidated based on the analyses on interaction energy, radial distribution function curve, molecular migration characteristics at the slit outlet, density distribution, and contact angle. The research findings are as follows. The intensities of the interaction energy between high-temperature and low-temperature water molecules differ markedly after the completion of hot flue gas injection at different pressures. Both the radial distribution function and the interaction energy indicate that the two types of water molecules fuse the most thoroughly at 20 MPa. At low pressures, the number of water molecules in the observation area changes slightly. The high-yielding period of the two types of water molecules at 20 MPa is 1.5 ns longer than that at 25 MPa, and the numbers of the two types of water molecules are less different at the same time at 20 MPa except for the case at 3 ns. After the injection, the densities of the preexisting water molecules and CO2 and the contact angle of the hot flue gas bubble demonstrate that the wettability transition within the slit is more complete at relatively high pressures (20 and 25 MPa) from two perspectives. At 20 MPa, the “re-absorption” is milder, and the bubble is milder and forms a smaller contact angle on the coal substrate. Based on the above research findings, it is concluded that raising the injection pressure of hot flue gas is conducive to the transition from water wetting to gas wetting and the elimination of the water lock effect. This research provides support for selecting the optimal hot flue gas injection pressure at the molecular level.
Histone methyltransferase SETDB1 safeguards mouse fetal hematopoiesis by suppressing activation of cryptic enhancers
Authors: Kazerani Maryam , Cernilogar Filippo , Pasquarella Alessandra , Hinterberger Maria , Nuber Alexander , Klein Ludger , Schotta Gunnar
Published: December 2024

The H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is critical for proper regulation of developmental processes, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here, we show that deletion of
Setdb1
in mouse fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) results in compromised stem cell function, enhanced myeloerythroid differentiation, and impaired lymphoid development. Notably,
Setdb1
-deficient HSPCs exhibit reduced quiescence and increased proliferation, accompanied by the acquisition of a lineage-biased transcriptional program. In
Setdb1
-deficient HSPCs, we identify genomic regions that are characterized by loss of H3K9me3 and increased chromatin accessibility, suggesting enhanced transcription factor (TF) activity. Interestingly, hematopoietic TFs like PU.1 bind these cryptic enhancers in wild-type HSPCs, despite the H3K9me3 status. Thus, our data indicate that SETDB1 restricts activation of nonphysiological TF binding sites which helps to ensure proper maintenance and differentiation of fetal liver HSPCs.
Metabolites limiting predator growth wane with prey biodiversity
Authors: Li Gen , Liu Ting , Xie Wangliang , Liu Zhenzhen , Li Huixin , Whalen Joann K. , Jousset Alexandre , Wei Zhong
Published: December 2024

Predator–prey interactions are a major driver of microbiome dynamics, but remain difficult to predict. While several prey traits potentially impact resistance to predation, their effects in a multispecies context remain unclear. Here, we leverage synthetic bacterial communities of varying complexity to identify traits driving palatability for nematodes, a main consumer of bacteria in soil. We assessed trophic interactions between four nematode species and 122 bacterial isolates, across a gradient of prey biodiversity ranging from single species to 50 species. Nematode size, a proxy for prey palatability, varied strongly with prey community composition and could be predicted by metabolic and morphological properties of the prey. However, the influence of prey traits on predators depended on biodiversity. Secondary metabolites drove palatability in monoculture, but this effect vanished under increasing prey biodiversity, where prey size became the dominant predictors of nematode size. Although idiosyncratic properties are often emphasized in the literatures, our results suggest that in biodiverse assemblages, the composition of available prey and their traits are more reliable predictors of predator–prey interactions. This study offers valuable insights into microbial ecology in the context of predator–prey interactions, as cryptic microbial responses can be guided by deductions based on generalizable biological traits.
The genetic origins and impacts of historical Papuan migrations into Wallacea
Authors: Purnomo Gludhug A. , Kealy Shimona , O’Connor Sue , Schapper Antoinette , Shaw Ben , Llamas Bastien , Teixeira Joao C. , Sudoyo Herawati , Tobler Raymond
Published: December 2024

The tropical archipelago of Wallacea was first settled by anatomically modern humans (AMH) by 50 thousand years ago (kya), with descendent populations thought to have remained genetically isolated prior to the arrival of Austronesian seafarers around 3.5 kya. Modern Wallaceans exhibit a longitudinal countergradient of Papuan- and Asian-related ancestries widely considered as evidence for mixing between local populations and Austronesian seafarers, though converging multidisciplinary evidence suggests that the Papuan-related component instead comes primarily from back-migrations from New Guinea. Here, we reconstruct Wallacean population genetic history using more than 250 newly reported genomes from 12 Wallacean and three West Papuan populations and confirm that the vast majority of Papuan-related ancestry in Wallacea (~75 to 100%) comes from prehistoric migrations originating in New Guinea and only a minor fraction is attributable to the founding AMH settlers. Mixing between Papuan and local Wallacean lineages appears to have been confined to the western and central parts of the archipelago and likely occurred contemporaneously with the widespread introduction of genes from Austronesian seafarers—which now comprise between ~40 and 85% of modern Wallacean ancestry—though dating historical admixture events remains challenging due to mixing continuing into the Historical Period. In conjunction with archaeological and linguistic records, our findings point to a dynamic Wallacean population history that was profoundly reshaped by the spread of Papuan genes, languages, and culture in the past 3,500 y.
Parental ideologies in heritage language maintenance
Authors: Park Mi Yung , Jee Min Jung
Published: December 2024

This study explores the role of parental ideologies in heritage language (HL) maintenance among three interlingual
families in New Zealand. This study draws on data from semi-structured interviews with Korean immigrant mothers and non-Korean
fathers. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. The findings in this study revealed that the three families placed
great value in Korean HL maintenance. All three family language policies (FLPs) centered around a “One Person, One Language”
approach, with the mothers using Korean. However, there were still wide-ranging variations in their FLPs. Moreover, the mothers’
attitudes toward HL learning were related to their perceptions of their children’s identities, which affected their HL-teaching
strategies. The mothers’ HL maintenance efforts were possible because of their partners’ support. However, their husbands’
positive attitudes were also clearly associated with heteronormative gender roles and a related ideology of parenting. The
findings suggest that even in positive FLP contexts, there is thus still a role for a more holistic and critical approach to HL
maintenance.
Perceptions and management of risk in the translation of a Norwegian-language health app into
English
Authors: Greenall Annjo Klungervik , Schmidt-Melbye Inger Hesjevoll
Published: December 2024

Health texts are a type of text where non-optimal translation can have serious consequences. In the
eHealth/mHealth case study presented here, we explore how different categories of translational agents perceive risk and manage it
in the process of translating texts from a Norwegian health app into English. Based on the notion of risk in translation (e.g.,
Pym 2005) and conceptual analysis, we developed a model — The Risk Scenario — which
we used to analyze interview, observational, and think-aloud data gathered during the translation process. We found that while the
LSP and translator/quality checker in our study expressed the most concern over the risk of non-optimal target texts, the author
and client were more focused on the risk of harming the health of end-users. Such differences likely arise from the proximal
versus distal positioning (see Gile 2012) of different agents in relation to the act of
translation. Additionally, we discovered that the type of text found in this kind of app — oral and informal — does not
effectively communicate its risks, reaffirming the need for detailed translation briefs and suggesting that risk should be a
compulsory category for source texts in high-risk domains.
Revising expectations
Authors: Azpilicueta-Martínez Raúl
Published: December 2024

Research evidence predominantly based on studies with older learners suggests that Content and Language Integrated
Learning (CLIL) instruction yields significant language gains when exposure exceeds 300 hours (Muñoz, 2015). However, the impact of high-intensity CLIL on young learners’ oral proficiency remains underexplored.
This study examined fluency, pronunciation, and productive vocabulary measures in young L1-Spanish learners (mean age = 10.46)
across four groups: non-CLIL (n = 23), low-CLIL (n = 21), high-CLIL (n = 32),
and a younger high-CLIL group (n = 32; mean age = 9.84) with 0, 707, 2473, and 2164 CLIL hours, respectively.
Socioeconomic status and extramural exposure were controlled. Intraclass correlations, Kruskal-Wallis, post-hoc, and Friedman
tests were conducted. Significant advantages were limited to both high-CLIL groups over the non-CLIL group at the vocabulary
level, providing policymakers with empirical evidence about the markedly different outcomes of high, and low-CLIL programmes in
relation to oral gains with young learners.
Entropy production due to spacetime fluctuations
Authors: Moreira Thiago H , Céleri Lucas C
Published: December 2024

Understanding the quantum nature of the gravitational field is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges in theoretical physics. Despite significant progress, a complete and consistent theory remains elusive. However, in the weak field approximation—where curvature effects are small—we can explore some expected properties of such a theory. Particularly relevant to this study is the quantum nature of gravitational waves, which are represented as small perturbations in flat spacetime. In this framework, a quantum description of these perturbations, as a quantum field, is feasible, leading to the emergence of the graviton. Here we consider a non-relativistic quantum system interacting with such a field. We employ the consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics, which allows us to frame classical questions in a quantum context, to define a fluctuation relation for this system. As a result, thermodynamic entropy must be produced in the system due to its unavoidable interaction with the quantum fluctuations of spacetime.
Loop group factorization method for the magnetic and thermostatic nonabelian ray transforms
Authors: Jathar Shubham R , Kar Manas , Railo Jesse
Published: December 2024

We study the injectivity of the matrix attenuated and nonabelian ray transforms on compact surfaces with boundary for nontrapping λ-geodesic flows and the general linear group of invertible complex matrices. We generalize the loop group factorization argument of Paternain and Salo to reduce to the setting of the unitary group when λ has the vertical Fourier degree at most 2. This covers the magnetic and thermostatic flows as special cases. Our article settles the general injectivity question of the nonabelian ray transform for simple magnetic flows in combination with an earlier result by Ainsworth. We stress that the injectivity question in the unitary case for simple Gaussian thermostats remains open. Furthermore, we observe that the loop group argument does not apply when λ has higher Fourier modes.