bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Goody-Goodies, Sissies, and Long-Hairs
Authors: Hurewitz Daniel
Published: October 2006

This article examines how allegations of vice intersected with late 1930s anxieties about communism and sexual deviance to mobilize the first successful recall of a major urban mayor. The article challenges the traditional narratives of the recall and their narrow focus on politicians. Instead, it offers an analysis that dwells on the impact of Los Angeles’ wider political culture on the recall election and beyond. Ultimately, it argues that the new cultural system lay the foundation both for massive waves of antihomosexual policing and for the start of a gay political movement.
Congruence and Functions of Personal and Cultural Values: Do My Values Reflect My Culture’s Values?
Authors: Fischer Ronald
Published: October 2006

Two studies are described examining the correlation between self- and culture-referenced values at a culture level (Study 1) and correlation between self- and culture-referenced values and self-reported behavior at an individual level (Study 2). It is found that values related to individual-group relationships (embeddedness) and expression and experience of affective feelings and emotions (affective autonomy) are significantly correlated at a culture level. In Study 2, culture-referenced values are shown to correlate with behaviors attached to social norms, whereas self-rated values are found to correlate with behaviors that are not norm-governed. Implications for measurement of cultural values and cultural and cross-cultural research designs are discussed.
Conformism Moderates the Relations Between Values, Anticipated Regret, and Behavior
Authors: Lönnqvist Jan-Erik , Leikas Sointu , Paunonen Sampo , Nissinen Vesa , Verkasalo Markku
Published: October 2006

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the moderating effect of Conformism values on the relations between other values and behavior. The authors expected people low, but not high, in Conformism to behave in a manner that is consistent with their personal values related to self-transcendence versus self-enhancement. In Study 1 (N = 199), such values predicted actual altruistic behavior, as estimated by other-reports, but only if Conformism values were low. In Study 2 (N = 189), only people who considered Conformism values to be relatively unimportant showed expected connections between self-transcendence values and anticipated regret in hypothetical scenarios having negative consequences. The data are interpreted as supporting the view that (a) anticipated regret motivates value-consistent behavior, (b) self-transcendence values in particular are connected to altruistic behavior and to anticipated regret, but (c) conformity to social norms moderates these connections.
Group Morality and Intergroup Relations: Cross-Cultural and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Cohen Taya R. , Montoya R. Matthew , Insko Chester A.
Published: October 2006

An observational, cross-cultural study and an experimental study assessed behaviors indicative of a moral code that condones, and even values, hostility toward outgroups. The cross-cultural study, which used data from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock & White, 1969), found that for preindustrial societies, as loyalty to the ingroup increased the tendency to value outgroup violence more than ingroup violence increased, as did the tendencies to engage in more external than internal warfare, and enjoy war. The experimental study found that relative to guilt-prone group members who were instructed to remain objective, guilt-prone group members who were instructed to be empathic with their ingroup were more competitive in an intergroup interaction. The findings from these studies suggest that group morality is associated with intergroup conflict.
A Novel Approach to Assessing Achievement Goals in the Context of the 2× 2 Framework: Identifying Distinct Profiles of Individuals With Different Dominant Achievement Goals
Authors: Van Yperen Nico W.
Published: October 2006

In two studies, individuals’ dominant achievement goals were assessed using a new, simple, and conceptually precise measure based on Elliot and McGregor’s (2001) 2 × 2 framework. Next, the four groups were compared in terms of achievement-relevant variables, including need for achievement, perfectionism, perceived competence, interest, and graded performance. As expected, a very high percentage (approximately 85%) of people indicated they had a dominant achievement goal. Furthermore, the results suggest that individuals with different dominant achievement goals have clear, distinct profiles that can be characterized as positively valenced (mastery-approach), both positively and negatively valenced (performance-approach), negatively valenced (performance-avoidance), or neither positively nor negatively valenced (mastery-avoidance).
Evaluating an Abbreviated Version of the Hispanic Stress Inventory for Immigrants
Authors: Cavazos-Rehg Patricia A. , Zayas Luis H. , Walker Mark S. , Fisher Edwin B.
Published: October 2006

This study evaluates an abbreviated version of the Hispanic Stress Inventory-Immigrant version (HSI-I) with a nonclinical sample of 143 adult Hispanic immigrants residing in a large midwestern city. The HSI-I consists of 73 items and 5 distinct subscales that assess psychosocial experiences on five dimensions, namely, occupational/economic, parental, marital, immigration, and familial/cultural. Five items with the greatest loading in each of the five sub-scales were aggregated to compose the abbreviated HSI-I. Exploratory factor analysis supports a two-factor structure that combines factors identified in previous research. Internal consistencies are acceptable across all subscales, ranging from .68 to .83. Convergent validity of the abbreviated HSI-I revised is supported with moderately positive relations through self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and anger mood levels. These findings provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the abbreviated HSI-I in Hispanic adults.
Translating From English to Spanish
Authors: Martinez Gladys , Marín Barbara V. , Schoua-Glusberg Alisú
Published: October 2006

In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics conducted Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), surveying a nationally representative sample of 12,500 women and men from 15 to 44 years of age, including more than 2,700 Hispanics. The process for developing the Spanish version of the NSFG included modified committee translation, review of the instrument for cultural difficulties and misunderstandings, cognitive interviewing, and extensive pretesting. Interviewer debriefing provided additional information about the Spanish instrument. Challenges to developing an easily understood instrument included the language level of the survey, language misunderstandings, and cultural issues. To improve surveys of this type, sufficient time should be allowed for translation and qualitative testing. Debriefing of interviewers is a valuable source of data on instrument issues.
Influence of Social and Family Contexts on Self-Esteem of Latino Youth
Authors: Schmitz Mark F.
Published: October 2006

The study presented here examines the influence of social and family contexts on the self-esteem of Mexican ( n = 287), Mexican American ( n = 558), and Puerto Rican ( n = 212) children. Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, tests of a longitudinal path model show significant social and family effects on the cognitive stimulation and emotional support in the home environment and on academic self-esteem. However, the home environment was not predictive of child global self-esteem and thus did not support the proposed mediator hypothesis. These results indicate that socioeconomic status and family structure influence the presence of a cognitively stimulating and emotionally supportive home environment, but these aspects of the home environment do not influence the development of child self-worth and scholastic self-perception.
Bicultural Social Development
Authors: Padilla Amado M.
Published: October 2006

The conditions that result in bicultural social development among Latino children and adolescents represent the central focus of this article. The literature surrounding bicultural development is reviewed from four perspectives: (a) immigrant children and adolescents, (b) second generation Latinos or the offspring of immigrants, (c) later generation ethnic children and adolescents, and (d) mixed ethnic and racial heritage individuals. Each of these situations presents different socialization contexts and challenges for parents and children in the transmission of culture across generations and for the development of bicultural competence. The concepts of acculturation, marginality, and biculturalism are examined for the assumptions inherent in each of these constructs. An important assumption in the analysis is that maintenance of ethnic identity and bicultural orientation may be imposed on Latinos depending on their phenotype, which marks them as ”outsiders” to the dominant social group. Thus, ethnic loyalty and biculturalism may serve as positive coping responses in a racialized society.
A heritage of unsustainability? Reviewing the origin of the large-scale water and sanitation system in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nilsson David
Published: October 2006

This paper describes the evolution of the piped water and sewer system in Kampala, Uganda, between 1920 and 1950, and considers the influences this had on the city’s later development. Large-scale systems for water and sanitation are associated with an inertia that makes them slow to adapt to a new economic, social or environmental context. It is important to know the history of such systems in order to understand issues of sustainability today. This article shows how the piped water and sewerage systems were introduced to serve mainly the more affluent groups in society. Although the systems were economically and socially sustainable in the colonial context, inherent features of the systems made universal service coverage problematic from an economic point of view. Policy makers need to acknowledge the historic influence and the inertia of systems in order to address current shortcomings in water and sanitation provision, and create sustainable and equitable service provision.
A new way to organize parking: the key to a successful sustainable transport system for the future
Authors: Knoflacher Hermann
Published: October 2006

This paper reviews the failure of conventional transport policies to address the many problems caused by private car use in cities in high-income nations, and suggests that restructuring parking provision can address these problems. It discusses how increasing car use has not produced more trips per day, and increasing speed has not increased leisure time, because of congestion and increased travel distances. Transport planning that provides parking spaces for car owners at their homes, workplaces, shopping centres and recreational places has supported increased private car use. Not only does this make people car drivers but its effect also restructures cities so that shop, workplace, recreational and social contacts within neighbourhoods disappear, city landscapes become remodeled for cars, and public transport becomes unviable. Meanwhile, car-oriented city streets discourage walking. This paper suggests that these problems can be solved if strong incentives are provided for cars to be parked in garages that are only as accessible as public transport stops - at all origins and destinations.
From HIV prevention to HIV protection: addressing the vulnerability of girls and young women in urban areas
Authors: Mabala Richard
Published: October 2006

This paper argues that there is a need to revisit prevention methodologies with regard to HIV/AIDS, especially in relation to urban areas. Unlike in other epidemics, where it was recognized that the physical and social environments had a key role, HIV/AIDS has become the terrain of moralists, who insist that individual behaviour drives the epidemic and who pour millions of dollars into individual behaviour change programmes. This is done regardless of the obvious truth that HIV/AIDS flourishes in a situation of poverty, compounded by inequity and lack of social cohesion, and that those most affected by an epidemic are precisely those who are affected by that environment. In the case of HIV/AIDS in Africa, these are adolescent girls and young women, especially in urban areas. The paper also looks at how the physical environment (including the effects on the immune system of malnutrition, helminths and bilharzia) and social environment affect the vulnerability of adolescent girls and young women, who have often migrated to town, live and work in squatter areas, are isolated, and are victims of sexual exploitation and abuse. The very high number of orphans that existed before HIV/AIDS, and that has increased further as a result of the epidemic, compounds the situation. The highest number of child-headed households is in informal settlements in urban areas, which have the most sexual abuse and the highest HIV prevalence. This paper builds on the above to highlight the inadequacy of current behaviour change interventions, quite apart from the fact that the most vulnerable are not even reached by these interventions. It argues for deliberate and systematic attention to be paid to these girls and young women, to ensure that they are identified, included and allowed to participate in developing the protective environment and safe spaces in the community, in schools and in livelihoods which will enable them to protect themselves from HIV infection. This requires addressing the underlying and basic causes, including the impact of globalization, for the continued spread of the epidemic.
Orangi Pilot Project: the expansion of work beyond Orangi and the mapping of informal settlements and infrastructure
Authors: Hasan Arif
Published: October 2006

This paper describes the work of the Pakistan NGO, Orangi Pilot Project-Research and Training Institute (OPP-RTI), in supporting improved provision for sanitation and other services in Orangi and other informal settlements in Karachi, and in other cities and smaller urban centres in Pakistan. It also describes an OPP-RTI programme to map and survey informal settlements in Karachi, and the youth training programme that supported this, and also the support for OPP-RTI partners in mapping in other urban centres. Improving infrastructure and services, and house upgrading in informal settlements, has been hampered by a lack of maps showing plot boundaries and existing infrastructure. Documenting and mapping these informal settlements has a number of important repercussions for urban policy, planning and infrastructure investment, as it demonstrates people’s involvement and investment in development. As a result, planning agencies and local governments have realized the need to support this work, rather than ignoring or duplicating it, and this has had important implications on how infrastructure is planned, financed and managed. As the paper describes, this includes greatly reducing or removing the need for international loans to finance such investments.
Ready for Bologna? The Impact of the Declaration on Women’s and Gender Studies in the UK
Authors: Hemmings Clare
Published: October 2006

This article explores the likely impact that the Bologna Declaration (1999) will have on the field of women’s and gender studies in the UK. While the UK higher education sector as a whole has been slow to take up the opportunities and challenges presented by Bologna, this article argues that women’s and gender studies may gain particularly from a European reorientation. Women’s and gender studies currently has to struggle for both national resources and recognition, and so has little to lose and much to gain from actively engaging in the process of Europeanization of degrees. The author advocates for UK women’s and gender studies practitioners to take a leading role in this process, in order to facilitate the potential benefits for the field.
Experience, Subjectivity and Politics in the Italian Feminist Movement
Authors: Sánchez Lucía Gómez , Sevillano Ana Belén Martín
Published: October 2006

This article describes the political practices of a part of the Italian women’s movement that, as of the 1980s, gave way to the sexual difference thought. Through a political analysis of their own experience, which removed any humanist identity assumptions, the women’s movement generated new practices and discourses. With these, women were able to exert self-criticism, and simultaneously to produce new subjectivities articulated around the sexual difference concept. The difference thought helped highlight the limits of institutional policy, renewing the premises of political analysis and redefining the borders of what was deemed to be ‘political’. Intended to foster dialogue with other feminist proposals, the article underlines the situated nature of this political experience and focuses on the method, the political praxis and the process rather than the outcome, the conclusions or the theory.
Cultural Tectonics
Authors: Hayward Philip
Published: October 2006

This article offers a critique of the notion of globalisation and of common assumptions about the efficacy and applicability of a range of new cultural technologies to non-western/developed cultures. In particular, the article stresses the materiality of planet Earth and the politics of resources in its less economically 'enabled' regions as elements which must be taken into account in the kinds of theoretical writing emerging in the field of new cultural technology studies.

As befits the frequently used communicative modes of various interviewees and collaborators from the western Pacific region whose ideas inform my thinking in this article, my contentions are expressed through a mixture of conventional critical argument and a series of examples, allusions, metaphors and aphorisms intended to inform and stimulate the engaged reader.
Diffusion of a New Technology
Authors: Garrison Bruce
Published: October 2006

This paper reviews diffusion of on-line research at daily newspapers in the USA during a five-year period from 1994 to 1998. Diffusion literature indicates new technical innovations require certain social and economic conditions and other factors before adoption begins. Once the adoption process begins, it takes place in stages before reaching critical mass. Data collected in this study confirms Everett M. Rogers' process model. The World Wide Web has become the dominant on-line research tool for journalists. Commercial services that provide access to government databases and archival databases, such as those containing newspapers and magazines, are also in wide use. While general computer use in newsrooms has increased, so has the frequency of use of on-line services. Primary resources used to search the web are AltaVista and Yahoo! and journalists most often used government sites. Internet technologies were not widely used during the five years studied. Adoption of computers and the internet- web appear complete, but the adoption process in some advanced-use categories remains in process.
Museum as Web Site, Archive as Muse
Authors: Staniszewski Mary Anne
Published: October 2006

Museum web sites can be seen as realisations of early twentieth century artists' experiments in creating interactive cultural experiences. Our ability to sit at a machine in our home or office and download images of artworks, clicking and enlarging, is the kind of experience Frederick Kiesler dreamed of when attempting to create a Telemuseum.
Roller Coaster Planet
Authors: Harley Ross
Published: October 2006

This paper addresses the interrelation between mechanical motion and electro-mechanical mediation. It draws attention to the close parallels between various modes of 'mobile subjectivity' associated with moving image/sound technologies and mechanical forms of transportation. The kinetic experiences associated with the freeway and the roller coaster are offered as two quite different examples of how the interpenetration of media, objects and subjectivities takes place in the realm of moving images and bodies. It is argued that the same modes of perception and motion associated with the car and the roller coaster also figure in a variety of new media forms that appeal to the contemporary body-in-motion/perception-in-motion nexus (from virtual environments to ride films and location-based entertainment). Like other communication networks of the present, both exist as ambivalent spaces for the representation of social interaction and social fears.
Digitising the Wireless
Authors: Coyle Rebecca
Published: October 2006

Terms such as 'internet radio', 'internet broadcasting' and 'web radio' or 'webcasting' crop up relatively frequently in media articles and academic analyses of the changing face of global media. Yet, while the terms are often used interchangeably and there does not seem to be a set of formal definitions which distinguish one from another, there are major differences between the sorts of services described by these labels. Furthermore the services, now often generically termed 'netcasting', offer significant challenges for traditional radio broadcasting principles and practices. This article discusses issues and concepts concerning net- or webcasting via a limited experiment in on-demand internet radio which was established as a postgraduate student production outcome. It explores internet radio as a particular media form used as the setting for this outcome.
Girl Gamers and their Relationship with the Gaming Culture
Authors: Schott Gareth R. , Horrell Kirsty R.
Published: October 2006

This paper describes an investigation conducted into the current accessibility and allure of gaming platforms for females. In order to investigate one of the most developed areas of new media, a traditional feminist approach of explaining factors that exclude females from new media technologies was avoided in favour of a focus upon the experiences and attitudes of females who already view themselves as 'gamers'. Synonymous with 'grrl gamer' and 'game girlz' this paper uses the term 'girl gamer' to describe females who possess an aptitude for the games that currently define the contours of the gaming culture. In-depth interviews and ethnographic game-play observations conducted with a small sample revealed that 'girl gamers' possess an alternative playing orientation, style of play, the importance of cultural competency in game preference, as well as knowledge on the ways gaming is embedded in household dynamics.
Cyber, Inc
Authors: Gerlach Neil , Hamilton Sheryl N.
Published: October 2006

Facilitated by shared metaphors of cyborgs, cyberspace, and virtuality, recognising its common historical roots in cybernetics, and also concerned with intervening in the technologised social relations of the late twentieth century and into the twenty-first, business restructuring literature can be usefully read as cybertheory. We argue that business restructuring literature rewrites three central problematics of cybertheory: it establishes the virtual organisation, it rewrites employees as cyborgs, and constructs corporate culture as a cybernetic system. Business writers claim to offer the ideal technological and social forms central to the emergence of cyberculture. But they rewrite its central figures in support of a neoliberal governance project, reproducing technological determinism and global capitalist ideology.
Traces
Authors: Penny Simon , Smith Jeffrey , Sengers Phoebe , Bernhardt André , Schulte Jamieson
Published: October 2006

Traces is an artwork for the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) that uses a novel machine vision system to enable unencumbered full body interaction with a range of semi-autonomous agents without the imposition of any sort of textual, iconic or encoded gestural interfaces and without physically restrictive wiring, pointing devices, or headgear. Furthermore, Traces does not consist of a 'world' which is 'navigated'; instead, the movement of the user through the space leaves volumetric and spatial-acoustic residues of user movement that slowly decay. This project was motivated by a desire to explore and critique four central issues in contemporary human-computer interface (HCI): (a) embodied interaction with computational systems; (b) rapid and transparent learning of interfaces by untrained users (the autopedagogic interface); (c) immersive bodily interaction with software agents, (d) extension and elaboration of the general conception of 'interactivity' itself. To explore these issues, we built an infrared (IR) multi-camera machine vision system that constructs a volumetric model of the whole of the user's body in real time. We have also developed custom thee-dimensional vision tools, graphical techniques and a range of techniques for generating and managing semi-autonomous agents in immersive environments.
Renegade Refrains
Authors: Scannell John
Published: October 2006

Debate over the ethics of MP3 file sharing has overshadowed intellectual inquiry into the reasons why music has been such a sought after commodity for downloading. This paper proposes a Deleuze/Guattarian inspired conceptualisation of affect to ascertain the drive behind the phenomenon we call the 'MP3 revolution'. The claim is that music has been responsible for the internet's transition from static to dynamic medium as the affective allure of the MP3 codec solicits territorial production through reception. Ritual, rhythms and refrains order our way through the chaos of the web and this paper proposes that MP3 offers temporal potentialities and existential 'becoming' that provide new affective dimensions to the previously static nature of the web. With such a proliferation of writing on MP3 and peer-to-peer networking, this article is concerned with why music is worth downloading and finally, how capital has sought to commodify this territory that MP3 users created.
Net Tarot in New Delhi
Authors: Kavoori Anandam P. , Chadha Kalyani
Published: October 2006

This paper examines the future of the internet in the developing world by examining the discourse of advertising. Based on a visual record of New Delhi and textual analysis of advertisements in a mass circulated Indian newspaper and magazine, it suggests that there is a need to rethink the discourse of digital celebration and euphoria that has accompanied the internet in the developing world, especially India. It argues that the themes emergent in the advertising of internet firms provide for a vision of the future of the internet which reifies issues of linguistic hegemony, technological solutions, a consumerist (rather than a citizenry) culture, and reiteration of the traditional discourses of masculinity and class. It suggests that we think about the future of internet technology in the developing world as intimately connected with issues of global capitalism and cultural hegemony in place of a focus on objects of technological innovation or individual innovators of technology.
The Digital Divide
Authors: Rogers Everett M.
Published: October 2006

The digital divide represents an important social problem accompanying the diffusion of the internet in the USA, and in other nations. Theoretically, the digital divide is closely related to conceptualisations, and the considerable past research, on the knowledge gap hypothesis. The digital divide is the gap that exists between individuals advantaged by the internet and those individuals relatively disadvantaged by the internet. Here we synthesise available findings about socio-economic and other characteristics of individuals who are users and non-users of the internet, explore data about whether the digital divide is widening, and discuss strategies for bridging the digital divide. We suggest that the access-divide, which has received the most attention to date, may eventually be replaced by a learning- divide, a content-divide, and by other types of divides through which the internet will continue to advantage certain individuals, and disadvantage others.
Naturalising the Webcast
Authors: Duffett Mark
Published: October 2006

Rather than developing in isolation, media technologies emerge from a context of social practice. Each new medium has to be naturalised before users will accept it. Webcasting is the digital streaming of video data. As an embryonic media technology it remains technically inferior to other video platforms and actually represents on unintended use of the web. Paul McCartney's December 1999 show at the Cavern in Liverpool, UK, took webcasting beyond specialist users. The show was staged for mass exposure and timed for net transmission. On and off-line publicity naturalised it by making tenuous comparisons to original Beatles gigs and commenting on the size of the subsequent internet 'audience'. 'Little Big Gig', as McCartney's show became known, encouraged the further disappearance of 'live' events into the realm of mediation. In short, the penetration of webcasting and the digital commodification of pop was encouraged by offering established content.
The Fall and Rise of Cable Narrowcasting
Authors: Mullen Megan
Published: October 2006

The history of cable television in the USA has always reflected a tension between those who see in the technology a promise for a more progressive television future and those who see it as a lucrative business opportunity. This has been true since the 1950s, when a select group of small-town CATV (community antenna) entrepreneurs began to think of non-broadcast-derived programme options (eg Associated Press news text, weather channels, movies) to offer their subscribers. The countervailing forces became particularly apparent, however, during the 1970s, when satellite-delivered cable channels first became a reality and there was limited experimentation with interactive television.
Telecommunications Policy in the European Union
Authors: Roy Simon
Published: October 2006

This paper describes the development of the European Union's (EU) role in the field of telecommunications policy, from the late 1980s onwards. It examines the evolution of the European regulatory package for telecoms and gives an overview of the reforms implemented at national level to transpose the European policy framework. It also draws on some of the most recent EU-level studies to present an analysis of the effects of liberalisation on telecoms markets in member states. As such, it is intended to complement and provide a contextual background for the more analytical articles in this special edition. In more general terms, it will give readers a good overview of the history of and current 'state of play' in European telecoms policy.
Televisual Aesthetics in Y2K
Authors: Vered Karen Orr
Published: October 2006

This article considers how the emergent commercial televisual aesthetic of a 'windows interface' is linked to changes in programming and the institutional structures of television. The new look of television, the windows aesthetic, strongly resembles the graphical user interface of the now domesticated personal computer, suggesting an interface instead of a surface. Through an examination of relationships between formal elements of television, concepts of interactivity, and modes of address, this essay demonstrates how this new commercial aesthetic is linked to an increasing commodification of television's supertext and a commodification of viewers through their participation in the text. Among the many texts and textual elements analysed are The Eurovision Song Contest, WebTV, station idents, watermarks, and the use of computer graphics in news.
Tuning into the New Economy
Authors: Wheeler Mark
Published: October 2006

This article discusses how European competition law has been applied, particularly with regard to merger control, in relation to the converging markets of media and telecommunications. The imperatives of technological reform, cross-sectoral and platform convergence, trade liberalisation, and the globalisation of communications services have served to establish new strategic alliances, acquisitions and most notably corporate marriages and mergers. Telecommunication companies have metamorphosed from domestically rooted monopoly utilities into national champions in international, even global markets. Moreover, actors from the adjacent sectors - media and computing- have sought alliances with one another and with telecommunication corporations as the new communications markets have continued to converge. Within this context, the European Commission's Competition Directorate has been responsible for applying European Union competition policies and making rulings with regard to a growing number of corporate communications 'convergence' alliances and mergers. This article reviews the factors which have driven European competition policy within the communication sectors, discusses how such policy has been administered with regard to three prominent mergers in converging communication markets, and considers the implications of these particularly high profile merger rulings. It relates the EC's policy responses to the wider questions which competition policy raises regarding information and communications as public or private good and concludes by commenting on the ability of EC competition law alone to address issues of the public good as well as purely economic matters (competition).
Intermedial Perception or Fluxing Across the Sensory
Authors: Higgins Hannah
Published: October 2006

This article argues for the cross-modal nature of intermedial perception particularly as it applies to Fluxus Events. Perception is both cultural and physiological. As such it has the ability to physically and conceptually link human beings to their environments. The admittedly brief survey of Events described here moves 'across the sensory' from sound to text to image, smell and proprioception. As an international phenomenon, Fluxus and its experiential dimension have implications for what Walter Ong calls the global sensorium.
Formal Analysis and Cultural Critique in Digital Media Theory
Authors: Bolter Jay David
Published: October 2006

Remediation is one example of an intermedia theory. If intermedia is about the relationships between media forms, remediation constitutes a specific reading of that relationship. Remediation is concerned with the cultural or economic competition of various media forms. The competition takes the form of a dispute over the 'real' or authentic - not, of course, in any metaphysical sense, but rather in terms of how our culture (or segments of our culture) define the authenticity of experience offered by each of these media forms. Remediation offers a way of understanding how the borrowing of formal elements takes on cultural significance. Remediation could therefore serve as a 'bridge theory', showing that formal and cultural theories of media can be seen as two aspects of the same phenomenon.
E - Participation, Broadcasting and Democracy in the UK
Authors: Hibberd Matthew
Published: October 2006

The main aim of this paper is to present findings from a major research project into public participation in political and current affairs programming in the UK, and their associated websites. The project forms part of the British Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)- funded 'Democracy and Participation' research programme.
Revisiting Globalisation Through the Movie and Digital Games Industries
Authors: Kerr Aphra , Flynn Roddy
Published: October 2006

The 1990s saw the digital games console industry adopt similar commercial strategies to the cultural industry which for 80 years has been most closely associated with the process of globalisation - the Hollywood-based movie industry. The major console players, Sony, Nintendo and more recently Microsoft, expanded on a global scale, vertically and horizontally integrating through alliances and take-overs as they sought to control platforms, content development, publishing and distribution. Moreover the relationship between the two industries has become increasingly symbiotic. Vivendi-Universal has moved into the exploitation of both game and film assets on a global scale and would seem to exemplify what we understand by a global firm. This paper considers globalisation through an analysis of the movie and digital game industries both globally, and from the perspective of a small country like Ireland, which has a high level of cinema attendance and game sales but is struggling to establish domestic movie and game industries.
From Powerful Ideas to PowerPoint
Authors: Turkle Sherry
Published: October 2006

When computer literacy was almost synonymous with programming, the programming-in-education advocates were divided into two camps: those who supported BASIC as the language of choice and those who supported the Logo language. BASIC, developed at Dartmouth and with a long history of use in educational settings, had a head start, a strong 'installed base' of users, master teachers, and teaching materials. Logo, developed in Cambridge-based research centres and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, had been built from the start with child users in mind. It presented itself as the language that could best use programming to transmit programming's most powerful ideas.
Mindstuff
Authors: Eisenberg Michael
Published: October 2006

Seymour Papert's book Mindstorms, first published in 1980, has had a profound impact on the ideas (and lives) of a generation of educational technologists and designers. This paper re-examines several of the most compelling ideas from Mindstorms in the light of recent advances that blend computational technology and materials science. In some respects, this growing détente between the physical and virtual lends greater force to Papert's ideas than did the original examples in the book, centred as those ideas were on the then current portrait of the desktop computer.
Moving between the Spectral and Material Plane
Authors: Schott Gareth , Kambouri Maria
Published: October 2006

As new media, computer games are commonly characterised by interactivity and the levels of immersion they afford their players. In contrast to player-to-player games in which both players can take action in real time without fixed turns, the closed ecosystems of action- adventure console games tend to articulate player-to-game interactivity. Within the context of a longitudinal study into the nature of players' relationships with action-adventure games, a contradiction between design-intent and player-treatment was observed that constituted a natural component of a game's life-cycle. Video footage taken within the social contexts in which play is actualised revealed instances in which participants transformed one-player games into an effective and highly structured social hybrid of game-play. A single case study is provided of a natural occurrence of collaborative play with the console version of the game Soul Reaver: Legacy of Kain (Eidos).
Elastic Cinema
Authors: Spielmann Yvonne
Published: October 2006

This essay examines the use of high-tech imagery in cinema with regard to how cinema introduces digital technologies into the visual and narrative styles of film. Science fiction films in particular take advantage of new technologies and create new special effects that are incorporated into dystopian views on the relationship between man/woman and machine that fuses to create hybrid characters. The merger of cinema and computer, with its expanded representation of motion and space comparable to virtual reality settings, together with the characterisation of machines as evil, characterise the two dominant strategies of cinema's response to new media. In a discussion of two films which at the time of their respective releases highlighted this double approach - Terminator 2 and The Matrix - I suggest that the struggle about space in both films transgresses the generic tradition of science fiction and responds to general disturbances in the temporal- spatial order in electronic culture. However, where the earlier Terminator 2 offers discourse, the later The Matrix turns entropic and regressive.
The Technological Construction of Performance
Authors: Wolf Mark J. P.
Published: October 2006

Performance in film is more than straightforward recording of actors; performances were (and are) often constructed in postproduction by technological means. Today with digital effects, we are seeing an unprecedented degree of technological advances that allow the breaking up, recombining, and reconfiguring of actors' abilities as multiple forms of input. This essay examines the history behind the technological construction of performance, the elements which performances have been divided into, and some of the ways in these divisions redefine what we have traditionally thought of as constituting a performance, which has become in many ways a more collaborative effort instead of the work of an individual 'star' performer.
Cyberstalking and Cyberpredators: A Threat to Safe Sexuality on the Internet
Authors: Philips Francesca , Morrissey Gabrielle
Published: October 2006

No matter what the invention, it appears that there will always be those who exploit its dark side and, in recent years, internet crime has been on the rise.
'And what are you reading, Miss? Oh, it is only a website': The New Media and the Pedagogical Possibilities of Digital Culture as a South African 'Teen Guide' to HIV/AIDS and STDs
Authors: Mitchell Claudia , Reid-Walsh Jacqueline , Pithouse Kathleen
Published: October 2006

This article comes out of a recognition that access to information on sexuality and HIV and AIDS is all part of a survival strategy for young people. This is particularly an issue in South Africa where in some parts of the country the HIV infection rate for girls and young women is between 20 and 30 per cent, and where they are 3 or 4 more times likely than young men of the same age to be infected with AIDS. While the internet is clearly not the only channel to pursue within AIDS prevention programming, the idea of the new media as social intervention, as we outline here in our analysis of the lovelife website and the Seventeen website, opens up the possibilities for private information within public spaces.
Negotiating Claims to Journalism: Webloggers' Orientation to News Genres
Authors: Matheson Donald
Published: October 2006

This paper explores how writers of online diaries, or weblogs, about public affairs negotiate their relationship with the genres and social position of news journalism. Although often labelled radical journalists, this paper finds, through interviews with seven webloggers, that such writers orient themselves in complex ways towards news journalism, at times drawing upon its modes of knowledge, at times setting themselves in opposition to it and at times seeking to cross discursive spaces. The paper concludes that, rather than emerging as a new public communicative form or genre in relation to journalism, the distinctiveness of the form is in its generic heterogeneity and ability to traverse the boundaries of news and other institutional discourses.
Paradigm Repair and Changing Journalistic Perceptions of the Internet as an Objective News Source
Authors: Ruggiero Thomas E.
Published: October 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how journalists have perceived internet 'news content' in the past decade through the lens of paradigm repair. An examination of representative anecdotes sought to shed light on journalistic reluctance to accept internet news content as 'objective' as compared to traditional media news content. This study concludes that concerted effort by journalists to repair the dominant news paradigm against incursion by the internet, while stronger a decade ago, has weakened over time.
Playing (with) Videogames
Authors: Newman James
Published: October 2006

This paper examines the practices and activities of videogame fans online. In scrutinising a variety of player-produced texts including walkthroughs, fan art, fiction, 'theorising', Frequently Asked Questions lists (FAQs), and even fan-games, the article seeks not only to highlight the creativity and vibrancy of the participatory culture of videogame fandom but also to examine the ways in which production of such texts and the ensuing discussion and debate are used by players to generate and communicate their identity within the community of 'hardcore' game fans (often known as otaku) and modify the terms of engagement with the game. In this way, the paper interrogates player-produced texts as examples of the involvement and activity of players in the construction of videogames' meaning and as a means of problematising discussions of the pleasures of gameplay.
Information Privacy and Mobile Phones
Authors: Gow Gordon A.
Published: October 2006

Renewed concerns about information privacy and mobile phones have surfaced with the early deployment of location-based services in North America, and specifically with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) led public safety initiative known as Wireless E9-1-1. Initial scholarly research in this area has focussed on the use and disclosure of geographic location information of mobile phone subscribers and on the terms and conditions by which this information can be made available for lawful access or commercial purposes. This paper refers to this body of research as the 'first domain' of information privacy research, and describes some of the key findings and contributions for policy research on customer proprietary information and customer consent. The paper then turns to introduce and describe an emerging 'second domain' of information privacy concerned with the popular adoption of anonymous prepaid mobile phone services. The distinguishing characteristic of this second domain of research is its focus on debates about the legitimacy of regulatory requirements to collect and verify customer details at the point of purchase. This paper draws on findings from an empirical study undertaken in Canada to identify some initial parameters of this second domain of information privacy research with the intent of informing a wider debate about the entitlement to anonymity for customers who elect to use prepaid services over commercial networks.
Petty offers of the political fleet: The impact of personal mobile communication technologies on communicative practices of Italian politicians and the transformations of the public sphere
Authors: Menduni Enrico
Published: October 2006

This paper analyses the particular use of personal mobile communication by Italian politicians. Research was carried out in 2004 with semi-structured interviews to professional politicians, journalists and politicians' assistants. The paper intends to demonstrate that personal mobile communication technologies were introduced in a 'Darwinian' phase of political activity, at least in Italy, where every professional politician had to help themselves and survive in a milieu that almost suddenly had become very competitive, without significant support from party's organisation as it were in the past. Personal mobile communication, in this frame of thinking, appears as a 'help yourself' and timesaving technique, especially for second rank politicians who do not have access to large crews of assistants. Personal mobile communication technologies contributed to determine relevant transformations in the public sphere, especially regarding to: a) bargaining and making deals with one's peers and political partners; b) relationships with journalists and the media. At the same time, mobile communications fasten the oral dimension of politics, already pushed by audiovisual media, showing more 'politics' than 'policies'.