bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCINTILLATION ARCS IN LOW-FREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS OF THE TIMING-ARRAY MILLISECOND PULSAR PSR J0437–4715
Authors: Bhat N. D. R. , Ord S. M. , Tremblay S. E. , McSweeney S. J. , Tingay S. J.
Published: February 2016

Low-frequency observations of pulsars provide a powerful means for probing the microstructure in the turbulent interstellar medium (ISM). Here we report on high-resolution dynamic spectral analysis of our observations of the timing-array millisecond pulsar PSR J0437–4715 with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), enabled by our recently commissioned tied-array beam processing pipeline for voltage data recorded from the high time resolution mode of the MWA. A secondary spectral analysis reveals faint parabolic arcs akin to those seen in high-frequency observations of pulsars with the Green Bank and Arecibo telescopes. Data from Parkes observations at a higher frequency of 732 MHz reveal a similar parabolic feature with a curvature that scales approximately as the square of the observing wavelength (λ
2) to the MWA's frequency of 192 MHz. Our analysis suggests that scattering toward PSR J0437–4715 predominantly arises from a compact region about 115 pc from the Earth, which matches well with the expected location of the edge of the Local Bubble that envelopes the local Solar neighborhood. As well as demonstrating new and improved pulsar science capabilities of the MWA, our analysis underscores the potential of low-frequency pulsar observations for gaining valuable insights into the local ISM and for characterizing the ISM toward timing-array pulsars.
ON THE COMMONALITY OF 10–30 AU SIZED AXISYMMETRIC DUST STRUCTURES IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Zhang Ke , Bergin Edwin A. , Blake Geoffrey A. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Hogerheijde Michiel , Salinas Vachail , Schwarz Kamber R.
Published: February 2016

An unsolved problem in step-wise core-accretion planet formation is that rapid radial drift in gas-rich protoplanetary disks should drive millimeter-/meter-sized particles inward to the central star before large bodies can form. One promising solution is to confine solids within small-scale structures. Here, we investigate dust structures in the (sub)millimeter continuum emission of four disks (TW Hya, HL Tau, HD 163296, and DM Tau), a sample of disks with the highest spatial resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations to date. We retrieve the surface brightness distributions using synthesized images and fitting visibilities with analytical functions. We find that the continuum emission of the four disks is ∼axisymmetric but rich in 10–30 AU-sized radial structures, possibly due to physical gaps, surface density enhancements, or localized dust opacity variations within the disks. These results suggest that small-scale axisymmetric dust structures are likely to be common, as a result of ubiquitous processes in disk evolution and planet formation. Compared with recent spatially resolved observations of CO snow lines in these same disks, all four systems show enhanced continuum emission from regions just beyond the CO condensation fronts, potentially suggesting a causal relationship between dust growth/trapping and snow lines.
PROTOPLANETARY DISK SHADOWING BY GAS INFALLING ONTO THE YOUNG STAR AK Sco
Authors: Castro Ana I Gómez de , Loyd Robert O. P. , France Kevin , Sytov Alexey , Bisikalo Dmitry
Published: February 2016

Young solar-type stars grow through the accretion of material from the circumstellar disk during pre-main-sequence (PMS) evolution. The ultraviolet radiation generated in this process plays a key role in the chemistry and evolution of young planetary disks. In particular, the hydrogen Lyα line (Lyα) etches the disk surface by driving photoevaporative flows that control disk evolution. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, we have monitored the PMS binary star AK Sco during the periastron passage and have detected a drop of the H2 flux by up to 10% lasting 5.9 hr. We show that the decrease of the H2 flux can be produced by the occultation of the stellar Lyα photons by a gas stream in free fall from 3 R

. Given the high optical depth of the Lyα line, a very low gas column of

cm−2 suffices to block the Lyα radiation without producing noticeable effects in the rest of the stellar spectral tracers.
Clearance of Cerebrospinal Fluid JCV DNA with Mirtazapine in a Patient with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Trentalange Alice , Calcagno Andrea , Ghisetti Valeria , Atzori Cristiana , Busolli Paolo , Bonora Stefano , Imperiale Daniele
Published: February 2016

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe encephalic demyelinating disease associated with JC virus (JCV) reactivation that occurs mostly in patients with immune disorders. Patients affected by sarcoidosis are at risk for developing PML both for leukocyte dysfunction and for receiving immunosuppressive medications: delayed diagnosis and high-dose corticosteroids are associated with a reduced survival. Although no specific treatment for PML exists, several therapeutic possibilities have been assessed with uncertain benefits (5HT2a receptor inhibitors are active in vitro against JCV): the cornerstone of sarcoidosis-associated PML is immunosuppressants withdrawal.

We report the case of a female patient affected by systemic sarcoidosis for 30 years receiving low-dose corticosteroids (5 mg every other day). Due to memory impairment an MRI was performed showing three T2 hyperintense lesions involving white matter. Cerebrospinal fluid JCV PCR (845 copies/ml), neuropathological examination and immunohistochemistry (SV40 protein and JCV DNA positivity) on brain biopsy confirmed PML. Mirtazapine 15 mg was started while prednisone treatment was continued. 3 and 6 months later cognitive performances improved and brain MRIs were stable while cerebrospinal fluid JCV DNA was undetectable (6 months later). In conclusion the diagnosis of PML in patients with sarcoidosis is challenging given the overlapping presentation; the use of 5HT2a receptor antagonists deserves further studying in patients needing immunosuppressant drugs to control their dysimmune disease.
D’un discours du jazz
Authors: Askofaré Sidi
Published: February 2016

Si le jazz et la psychanalyse représentent sans conteste des événements culturels majeurs du xx e  siècle – esthétique et épistémique –, il semblerait que des liens et des homologies plus subtils les unissent : un rapport particulier au savoir, à la vérité et à l’acte. Ce qui se vérifie dans leurs pratiques de l’improvisation pour l’une et de l’interprétation pour l’autre. Par ailleurs, davantage que des disciplines ou des genres dans leurs champs, ils promeuvent un « discours », un type de « lien social » fondé sur le langage. C’est cette hypothèse que le présent article s’attache à mettre au point.
Réinvention, surprise et improvisation
Authors: Coutinho Jorge Marco Antonio
Published: February 2016

Cet article part de la notion de setting analytique pour mettre en question la rigidité de la technique de l’analyste. Dans les recommandations techniques de Freud et dans les constructions lacaniennes sur la place et le discours du psychanalyste, il faut surtout voir l’omniprésence des dimensions de réinvention et d’improvisation de l’analyste qui doit accompagner sans cesse l’improvisation à laquelle l’analysant est soumis par le dispositif analytique. À mesure que son expérience lui permet une certaine liberté d’action, l’analyste découvre le vrai sens de sa pratique dans la dimension de laboratoire où est interrogé à chaque séance un réel qui surprend et auquel il faut faire face par le moyen de l’improvisation.
L’imprévu
Authors: Bakero Carrasco Martin
Published: February 2016

La méthode analytique a pour but d’arriver à saisir le système complexe de représentations dans l’appareil psychique, ainsi que donner libre cours aux frayages que les pensées inconscientes parcourent. La libre association du côté de l’analysant et l’attention librement flottante du côté de l’analyste, facilitent cette technique. Pour y arriver, il faut un entraînement dans l’improvisation. Car le concept d’improvisation définit très bien la technique de l’association libre : la capacité de « composer et de s’exprimer simultanément » comme dans la poésie sonore où il n’y a pas de différence entre signifiant et signifié, et l’art de l’improvisation musicale comme un savoir-faire avec la libre association. Nous proposons d’apprendre cette méthode pour la séance analytique : c’est-à-dire de parler et penser en même temps.
Spontané, pathique : au sujet des dessins de Marion Milner
Authors: Boissière Anne
Published: February 2016

Cet article envisage l’improvisation à partir des dessins spontanés de Marion Milner, qui fournissent la matière principale de son livre Rêver, peindre . Il interroge en particulier le mouvement spontané de la main, en tant que celui-ci crée des formes vivantes. Pour cela, il considère le champ de la phénoménologie, et formule l’hypothèse du pathique, telle qu’elle est introduite par Erwin Straus et reprise par Frédéric Buytendijk. Il se propose d’être une contribution à une réflexion sur le « playing », à la croisée de la psychanalyse et de la phénoménologie.
La langue de l’autre
Authors: Hofstein Francis
Published: February 2016

Improvisation et interprétation sont communes au jazz et à la psychanalyse, mais elles n’y ont pas le même usage. Là où la seconde, que conditionnent transfert, loi et jouissance, est en butte au signifié, le premier s’offre sans limite au signifiant. Et leur est commune la fabrique, temporaire et mutuelle, incertaine et fragile, d’un lieu intemporel où se rencontrent savoir et mémoire, étranger et familier, singulier et collectif pour forger cette langue de l’autre, propre à chacun et ouverte à tous, où s’inventent et vivent à mesure le jazz et la psychanalyse.
I want to play
Authors: Jacob Alby Virginie
Published: February 2016

Cet article envisage l’improvisation à partir d’un cas clinique issu d’un travail d’analyse qui s’est étendu sur plusieurs années. Il met en évidence la fonction précieuse du jeu improvisé dans la séance analytique (soit le play sans règles devant être suivies à la différence du game ), qui est un sujet ayant été théorisé par D.W. Winnicott. Ce cas interroge également la question de l’improvisation au sein de lalangue dont Lacan a fait un outil de jeu et de création essentiel pour l’enfant. En mettant en parallèle les deux approches, cet article se propose d’apporter une contribution à la question de l’improvisation et de la création, dans une rencontre permise par le jeu, entre la théorie de Winnicott et celle de Lacan.
On ne s’improvise pas improvisateur
Authors: Petit Laetitia , Rassial Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2016

Pour comprendre le rapport entre l’improvisation et l’interprétation dans la cure psychanalytique mais aussi dans la musique, nous choisissons de passer par l’une des variantes de la cure, le psychodrame psychanalytique individuel, que nous préférons désigner comme psychanalyse par le psychodrame individuel. Ce travail articule l’interprétation dans le psychodrame et l’interprétation dans la cure, éclairé par l’implicite spinoziste sur la connaissance rationnelle des déterminations qui permet à l’analyste d’accéder à une interprétation/intuition du troisième genre dans le sens strict de ce que l’on nomme « improvisation ».
La praxis psychanalytique, une poétique de l’improvisation
Authors: Lippi Silvia
Published: February 2016

Nous allons analyser le rapport entre la théorie et la pratique dans la cure à partir du concept d’improvisation. Nous essaierons de montrer que l’improvisation n’est pas simplement synonyme d’association libre : elle intervient en effet à plusieurs niveaux dans la cure, et nous chercherons à mesurer son rapport à la jouissance. Le sujet en analyse peut, à travers l’improvisation, « transformer » la jouissance traumatique de la lettre. Mais comment passe-t-il de la fixation traumatique à la surprise ? Et la répétition, quel rôle tient-elle dans le processus ? L’étude de certains processus propres au jazz nous accompagnerons dans notre questionnement. L’idée d’une création ex nihilo est mise en crise dans le jazz, au profit de celle de « poétique » : qu’en est-il pour la psychanalyse ?
Pour introduire une clinique de la revendication
Authors: Lévy Benjamin , Vanier Alain
Published: February 2016

Assimilé tantôt à une posture mélancolique, tantôt à une posture hystérique, le délire de revendication a fait l’objet de peu d’études psychanalytiques. S’appuyant sur des données cliniques, cet article met en évidence qu’il n’est pas réductible à la mélancolie, ni à l’hystérie, puis avance quelques hypothèses sur ses ressorts métapsychologiques. Il s’agit, ainsi, d’introduire les rudiments d’une clinique de la revendication.
Réflexions psychanalytiques à partir d’un cas d’addiction au jeu
Authors: Adam Rodolphe
Published: February 2016

Cet article interroge le phénomène clinique de l’addiction aux jeux de hasard. Par son apparente irrationalité oscillant entre perte inéluctable de gains et croyance irraisonnée défiant tout calcul de probabilités, cette addiction pose un problème spécifique : si le joueur ne joue pas fondamentalement pour gagner de l’argent, celui-ci étant toujours remisé, à quoi exactement est-il addict ? Parce qu’elle fait l’hypothèse de l’inconscient, la psychanalyse permet de redonner une logique à l’énigme de ce qui anime mystérieusement la passion du joueur. À la différence des conceptions actuelles de l’addiction, elle permet de réinstaurer la question de la causalité psychique en jeu en mettant au jour une jouissance spécifique du sujet face à l’aléatoire. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur propose une synthèse de sa pratique clinique avec des joueurs en centre de consultation en addictologie. À partir du constat de la rareté de leur engagement dans une demande de parole, il analyse les raisons spécifiques de l’addiction aux jeux de hasard qui font le refus de son déchiffrage par le sujet. Dans un second temps, le travail sur un an d’un cas clinique inédit est présenté. Ses enseignements contribuent à une clinique différentielle des addictions.
La médiation musicale et le traitement de la honte
Authors: Karcher Brigitte
Published: February 2016

Traiter la honte en thérapie n’est pas chose aisée. Par définition, cet affect est tu ; il est « une vraie touche du réel » selon Lacan. La honte est un appel au regard de l’autre. Mais de quel autre s’agit-il ? En appuyant notre réflexion par un cas clinique, nous interrogerons l’utilité d’un travail de groupe face à une problématique de honte. Puis nous montrerons en quoi la médiation par la musique permet la réactualisation de cet affect et nous ramène au carrefour décisionnel d’orientation de structure là où le nouage Réel, Symbolique et Imaginaire se défait chez le sujet honteux. La honte primaire émerge à cet endroit ; elle est la trace de ce nouage qui a du mal à s’articuler.
Entre attachement et séparation : la place de la métaphore du signifiant du Nom-du-Père
Authors: Marini Bénédicte
Published: February 2016

Certains adolescents nous donnent à voir et entendre, à subir parfois, une symptomatologie bruyante faisant fi de toute autorité, mettant au défi beaucoup de professionnels de l’éducation, voire de la psychiatrie. Il semblerait que leurs histoires aient en commun une séparation « ratée », un deuil impossible de l’éclat de jouissance à jamais perdu où la question de l’inscription de la métaphore du signifiant du Nom-du-Père se pose sérieusement, leur accès à l’Autre ainsi qu’à la loi étant très limité. Ce temps de l’adolescence semble venir réveiller une détresse primaire. Nous avons à penser un dispositif qui puisse favoriser le passage vers l’âge adulte, travail que nous avons à mener pour éviter une dérive psychopathologique qui pourrait devenir irréversible.
Entre science et psychanalyse : clinique, éthique, politique
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean , Zapata Silva Claudia
Published: February 2016

L’article s’efforce de montrer comment les discours de la science, de la politique et de la psychanalyse se sont noués, en décrivant les principaux moments d’un processus susceptible de rendre compte de la logique à l’œuvre dans le monde contemporain. Il montre les conditions du surgissement du discours analytique « dans le réel » en réponse précisément à ce que les discours scientifique et capitaliste rejettent des conditions du processus de subjectivation tout en les mettant ainsi à sa disposition. Il débouche sur la forme que prend aujourd’hui la question de l’avenir de la psychanalyse qui dépend de sa capacité à dissocier, dans le contexte néolibéral, l’objet cause du désir et l’objet du marché, le plus-de-jouir et la plus-value – pour restaurer ou maintenir la fonction de la cause du désir et rendre au sujet la responsabilité de sa position.
Cothérapie et coparentalité
Authors: Neuburger Robert
Published: February 2016

Cothérapie et coparentalité posent des problèmes analogues liés au fait que les deux partenaires sont à la même place. Des difficultés peuvent alors surgir du fait des différences conceptuelles et/ou du risque de privilégier la relation entre les deux partenaires au détriment du tiers, enfant d’un côté, patients de l’autre. Il semble sage de réactualiser les principes selviniens, basés sur la complémentarité dans les équipes thérapeutiques où l’un fait l’observateur pour une situation et l’autre assume les responsabilités thérapeutiques, quitte à intervertir les rôles pour une autre situation. Les familles peuvent bénéficier d’un dispositif analogue en alternant les rôles, chacun prenant la responsabilité éducative à son tour. Ces dispositifs ont tendance curieusement à atténuer les différences et à créer une saine émulation plutôt qu’une rivalité plus ou moins sourde et aliénante ou une complicité ambiguë.
Les troubles des conduites alimentaires et la thérapie stratégique de Palo Alto
Authors: Lambrette Grégory , Ghuys Viviane
Published: February 2016

Pour de multiples raisons, les troubles des conduites alimentaires représentent l’une des problématiques les plus complexes à traiter en psychothérapie. Cette complexité peut être aujourd’hui réduite et rendre le problème accessible à une solution en abordant ces troubles sous l’angle des tentatives de solution et des logiques de troubles mentaux tels que les formalise l’approche systémique et stratégique de Palo Alto. L’objet du présent article consiste à exposer, au travers d’une illustration d’un cas de boulimie, les dernières évolutions l’Ecole de Palo Alto en rapport avec ce type de trouble.
Bouc émissaire dans les institutions : pistes pour sortir de ce positionnement
Authors: Danniau Sandrine , Meynckens-Fourez Muriel
Published: February 2016

Les auteurs s’intéressent à la place occupée par un nouvel employé au sein d’une institution, et plus précisément aux différentes interactions et mécanismes qui peuvent amener ce sujet en position de « bouc émissaire ». Ils envisagent les différentes étapes de ce processus fréquent et tentent de la sorte de percevoir les enjeux qui peuvent y amener. Ils proposent également quelques pistes de réflexions pour aider un individu à prendre une autre place.
Unilateral Post-LASIK Ectasia and Contralateral Spontaneous Ectasia
Authors: Qin Vincent , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To report a case of iatrogenic unilateral post-LASIK corneal ectasia with contralateral spontaneous ectatic evolution.

METHODS:

Case report with preoperative and postoperative measurements including uncorrected visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, slit-scanning topographic and pachymetric maps, and differential maps.

RESULTS:

Six months after unilateral LASIK, the operated eye progressively developed signs of post-LASIK ectasia with increased inferior corneal steepening and corneal thinning and decrease in corrected distance visual acuity. Five years later, the unoperated eye also developed signs of spontaneous ectatic evolution with increased inferior steepening and corneal thinning.

CONCLUSIONS:

LASIK accelerates occurrence of ectasia in ectasia-susceptible and biomechanically fragile eyes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):127–130.]
Correlational Analysis of Objective and Subjective Measures of Cataract Quantification
Authors: Cochener Béatrice , Patel Sunni R. , Galliot Florence
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate whether correlations exist between objective and subjective measures of vision quality as a consequence of cataract and whether this may qualify the Objective Scatter Index as a supplementary means of cataract assessment.

METHODS:

A prospective multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 centers across France in patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery (lens opacity evaluated with the Lens Opacities Classification System III). A quality of life assessment using the Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) (14 questions scored from 0 to 4) and measurement of visual acuity and evaluation of the Objective Scatter Index (HD Analyzer, Visiometrics SL, Terrassa, Spain) to assess the alteration of light scatter were used as measures in the study.

RESULTS:

The study included 1,768 eyes of 1,768 patients (mean age: 72.5 years; range: 28 to 93 years). The average OSI score was 4.97 ± 3.13 (range: 0.4 to 20.5). There was good correlation between visual acuity and OSI (
r
= −0.47,
P
< .001) and between OSI and VF-14 (
r
= −0.11,
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results presented in this study confirm that the Objective Scatter Index has sufficient correlations with visual acuity and VF-14 to supplement existing cataract diagnosis in a large population encompassing a broad spectrum of cataract presentations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):104–109.]
Objective Scatter Index: Working Toward a New Quantification of Cataract?
Authors: Galliot Florence , Patel Sunni R. , Cochener Béatrice
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To investigate the associations between clinical cataract classifications, quality of life (QOL), and the objective loss of ocular transparency in patients presenting with clinical cataracts.

METHODS:

In this prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study, 1,768 eyes of 1,768 patients (mean age: 72.5 years; range: 28 to 93 years) referred for cataract assessment were enrolled. Visual acuity was measured before slit-lamp examination to determine the severity of lens opacification using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Patients were asked to complete the Visual Function Index (VF-14) questionnaire. Ocular transparency was quantified by Objective Scatter Index (OSI) and was measured by the HD Analyzer (Visiometrics SL, Terrassa, Spain). Association and categorical data analysis were performed between each measured parameter alongside cross-tabulation analyses to determine sensitivity and efficiency of the HD Analyzer.

RESULTS:

High OSI levels corresponded slightly with a lower visual acuity value and corresponded better with lower VF-14 scores. OSI scores were strongly associated with cataract classification and severity. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed a high sensitivity and efficiency index for the OSI with these clinically validated parameters illustrating good agreement overall for the OSI in determining cataract.

CONCLUSIONS:

The OSI measured by the HD Analyzer is a sensitive and efficient tool to be considered in the early detection of cataract in patients.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):96–102.]
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Between Fourier-Domain OCT, Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound, and Scheimpflug Imaging Systems
Authors: Yap Timothy E. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine , Reinstein Dan Z.
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To compare corneal thickness measurements between three imaging systems.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study of 81 virgin and 58 post-laser refractive surgery corneas, central and minimum corneal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT), very high-frequency digital ultrasound (VHF digital ultrasound), and a Scheimpflug imaging system. Agreement between methods was analyzed using mean differences (bias) (OCT – VHF digital ultrasound, OCT – Scheimpflug, VHF digital ultrasound – Scheimpflug) and Bland–Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement (LoA).

RESULTS:

Virgin cornea mean central corneal thickness was 508.3 ± 33.2
µ
m (range: 434 to 588
µ
m) for OCT, 512.7 ± 32.2
µ
m (range: 440 to 587
µ
m) for VHF digital ultrasound, and 530.2 ± 32.6
µ
m (range: 463 to 612
µ
m) for Scheimpflug imaging. OCT and VHF digital ultrasound showed the closest agreement with a bias of −4.37
µ
m, 95% LoA ±12.6
µ
m. Least agreement was between OCT and Scheimpflug imaging with a bias of −21.9
µ
m, 95% LoA ±20.7
µ
m. Bias between VHF digital ultrasound and Scheimpflug imaging was −17.5
µ
m, 95% LoA ±19.0
µ
m. In post-laser refractive surgery corneas, mean central corneal thickness was 417.9 ± 47.1
µ
m (range: 342 to 557
µ
m) for OCT, 426.3 ± 47.1
µ
m (range: 363 to 563
µ
m) for VHF digital ultrasound, and 437.0 ± 48.5
µ
m (range: 359 to 571
µ
m) for Scheimpflug imaging. Closest agreement was between OCT and VHF digital ultrasound with a bias of −8.45
µ
m, 95% LoA ±13.2
µ
m. Least agreement was between OCT and Scheimpflug imaging with a bias of −19.2
µ
m, 95% LoA ±19.2
µ
m. Bias between VHF digital ultrasound and Scheimpflug imaging was −10.7
µ
m, 95% LoA ±20.0
µ
m. No relationship was observed between difference in central corneal thickness measurements and mean central corneal thickness. Results were similar for minimum corneal thickness.

CONCLUSIONS:

Central and minimum corneal thickness was measured thinnest by OCT and thickest by Scheimpflug imaging in both groups. A clinically significant bias existed between Scheimpflug imaging and the other two modalities.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(2):110–116.]
Effects of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Pretreatment on Pupil Diameter: A Comparison Between Three Laser Platforms
Authors: Diakonis Vasilios F. , Yesilirmak Nilufer , Sayed-Ahmed Ibrahim O. , Warren Daniel P. , Kounis George A. , Davis Zachary , Cabot Florence , Yoo Sonia H. , O'Brien Terrence P. , Donaldson Kendall E.
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:

To assess pupil diameter before and after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) pretreatment and compare the outcomes of three laser platforms.

METHODS:

This prospective observational case series included consecutive patients scheduled to undergo cataract extraction using FLACS between August 2013 and February 2015. All eyes received FLACS pretreatment using three laser platforms: LenSx (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX), Catalys (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA), and Victus (Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Rochester, NY). The same protocol for preoperative medical mydriasis was used for all patients, and pupil diameter was assessed immediately before and 3 minutes after FLACS using a surgical ruler.

RESULTS:

A total of 198 eyes of 161 patients were included in the study. Mean pupillary miosis was 1.42 ± 1.26 mm for the LenSx, 0.66 ± 0.89 mm for the Catalys, and 0.14 ± 0.34 mm for the Victus groups. Furthermore, 8 of the 198 eyes (4.0%) demonstrated a pupil diameter of less than 5 mm after FLACS and 48 eyes (24.24%) demonstrated a pupil diameter of 6 mm or less. There was a statistically significant decrease in pupil diameter for all groups individually (
P
< .05). There was also a statistically significant difference among the three groups (
P
< .05), with LenSx inducing the highest degree of miosis, followed by Catalys, and finally Victus. A correlation between the pupil diameter before FLACS and degree of FLACS-induced miosis was demonstrated (
P
< .05), with larger pupil diameter before FLACS associated with greater miosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

FLACS pretreatment seems to induce significant pupillary miosis with all laser platforms assessed in this study. The decrease in pupil diameter after FLACS reached clinical significance for cataract extraction (< 5 mm) in 4.0% of cases, whereas 20.2% of eyes demonstrated small pupil diameter (≤ 6 mm) after FLACS pretreatment.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(2):84–88.]
Conflicto, identidad y desarrollo en la democratización de las ex repúblicas yugoslavas
Authors: Marcos-Marné Hugo
Published: February 2016

En contra de la generalidad de juicios en torno a la transición política en las ex repúblicas yugoslavas, la observación de la diversidad identitaria no es capaz de explicar de forma única los distintos caminos por los que discurrieron los acontecimientos en la región. Este trabajo utiliza técnicas de análisis comparativo (csQCA) para dar cuenta de las diferencias más relevantes en la democratización de las ex repúblicas yugoslavas en la década de los 90. Con este objetivo se van a analizar elementos de identidad y desarrollo en los diferentes territorios, destacándose el papel esencial de los conflictos de estatalidad (stateness conflict). Ahondando en este sentido, la relevancia práctica de estos conflictos se ve reforzada por su carácter contingente, característica que será desarrollada y justificada a través de datos empíricos unidos a argumentos históricos.
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR ON RESIDENTIAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION
Authors: Hetherington Joshua , Roetzel Astrid , Fuller Robert
Published: February 2016

In 2011–12, greenhouse gas emissions from the Australian residential sector were 101.6 Mt and are expected to grow by 38% by 2050. In order to reduce these emissions, much emphasis has been placed on increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and appliances. Occupant behaviour, however, is probably the single most significant factor which determines energy use and emissions. This paper describes research undertaken to rank the most common occupant behaviours, based upon their impact on greenhouse gas emissions associated with residential energy use, in an architect-designed house in Australia. The occupant behaviours investigated were changing: the heating and cooling temperature set points, window openings, external blind use and lighting use. Simulations were carried out using Primero and EnergyPlus software. Based on the simulation results of greenhouse gas emissions, the following ranking of overall influence (from most influential to the least) has been determined: external blind use was one of the most effective measures to reduce emissions. Cooling set point temperature was similarly important with the magnitude of impact depending on the set point e.g. a 2°C increase had an impact comparable to the use of external blinds. The impact of the heating set point temperature was also dependent on the set point and overall slightly lower compared to the cooling set point temperature. Lighting use was the least influential parameter in the context of this study.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE USE OF WATER FILM IN GLAZED BUILDINGS TO REDUCE SOLAR RADIATION TRANSMITTANCE IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Qahtan Abdultawab M.
Published: February 2016

Solar radiation is the cause of large heat gain in glazed buildings particularly in the tropics, thus the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a sustainable water film on glazing transmittance to solar radiation. The experimental investigation measured two parameters, namely, type of glazing and solar radiation intensity, utilizing glazed façades oriented west in two full-scale rooms. It was found that the water film on the glazed façade increases the transmittance of solar radiation behind the glazing by 2% - 6.8% depending on the solar intensity and glass type, while the indoor temperature was reduced. The study concluded that the increment of the solar radiation (300–2500nm) transmittance is an increment in the range of the visible light (daylighting).
DO OCCUPANTS IN GREEN BUILDINGS PRACTICE BETTER ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOUR IN COMPUTER USAGE THAN OCCUPANTS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS?
Authors: Azizi Nurul Sakina Mokhtar , Wilkinson Suzanne , Fassman Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Green buildings are not entirely successful in achieving energy saving targets. One way of improving energy targets is to encourage occupants to adopt energy saving behaviour. To date, energy saving behaviour has been given less focus in improving green building performance than other energy saving initiatives, such as retrofitting buildings for green features. This study uses comparison case studies between green buildings and conventional buildings in New Zealand to better understand the energy saving behaviour of occupants. Questionnaires were distributed to occupants in green and conventional buildings to evaluate the extent of energy saving behaviour practiced and to identify potential strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour. The objective of this paper is to investigate the level of energy saving behaviour between green and conventional office buildings to see if people in green buildings perform better energy saving behaviour than people in conventional buildings in computer usage. The findings do show better energy saving behaviour from occupants in green buildings than occupants in conventional buildings. The paper shows why this is the case. The recommended strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour used by different buildings are also discussed. Strategies include raising education awareness on energy efficiency among the building occupants, energy saving commitments, and to have an active building manager assigned for energy related matters.
Workforce Development in Behavioral Healthcare and the Increased Use of Technology
Authors: Ingle Susanne , Kuprevich Carol L.
Published: February 2016

The authors present anecdotal and peer reviewed information relative to the increase in use of technology within behavioral healthcare. Emphasis is on education, training, professional community development, and networking aspects of the field. The use of email discussion lists, blogs, conferences, and online training management tools are discussed. The authors define the use of technology in workforce development, build out examples of use, explore different methods of digital discourse, and discuss the challenges of technology implementation in a clinical setting. The authors attempt to provide both sides of the debate as to whether the increased use of technology in workforce development within behavioral healthcare is working while addressing the overall expectation to reduce costs, provide positive outcomes, and increase the skills and knowledge of a diverse workforce. This chapter provides an overall picture of types of technology are offered and a general overview of the benefits and opportunities for improvement specific to the development of the healthcare workforce.
Why We Would Rather Text than Talk
Authors: Baggio Bobbe Gaines
Published: February 2016

Whether they are checking out at the grocery store, watching a sporting event or eating out in a restaurant; people are texting. Text messaging has become very popular form of contact. Texting is increasingly a part of the overall communications strategy not only for teens but for everyone. Privacy is the number one reason for sending and receiving text messages. The ability to communicate anytime and anywhere but to do so with privacy makes texting attractive and popular. Although some research has been done on the impact of personality, identity and anonymity on texting messaging, very little definitive conclusions have been established either for usage or preferences. Some research indicates that introverts act more like extroverts and extroverts act more like introvert when they communicate using text messages. More research needs to be done to establish the influence of personality and identity on texting and texting on personality and identity.
Health Policy Implementation and Its Barriers
Authors: Eneanya Augustine Nduka
Published: February 2016

The chapter describes policy implementation components of a health system in United States of America and explains how they affect health outcomes (service delivery). It argues that implemented policies affect various components of a health system in terms of service delivery, workforce, information, financing, medical products, technologies, leadership and governance. Using health system as framework of analysis, the paper explains that the outcome of health policy implementation determines the availability, quality and equitability of program service delivery. The chapter goes on to argue that policy implementation barriers, such as demand-and supply-side barriers, market, insufficient resources, cultural barriers, imperfect communication, information, education, coordination, leadership and governance affect the poor and vulnerable groups in developed and developing countries from benefitting from public spending on public health policies and programs.
The Political Economy of Infectious Diseases in Africa
Authors: Obilade Titilola T.
Published: February 2016

Annually, many deaths occur in Africa due to infectious diseases. African countries are predominantly low-income. A third of all deaths in low-income countries are caused by lower respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis. These preventable diseases continue to kill millions of Africans each year. More recently, Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) has killed thousands in Africa but even with the number of deaths attributable to EVD, it is still a fraction of the deaths caused by any one of the top five causes of deaths in low-income countries. This chapter examined the political economies that have enabled infectious diseases to thrive in Africa. The numerous conflicts, barriers to education, high fertility rates in the poorest countries and the privatization-tied conditions of loans were some of the factors identified. Ecological studies also suggest that changes in climatic conditions around the West African country of Guinea enabled the index case to come from Guinea. The foundational causes of the diseases have made the African nations susceptible. The chapter concludes with recommendations.
The Study of Public Reporting in Healthcare
Authors: Comite Ubaldo
Published: February 2016

Public reporting, intended as the public disclosure of information on healthcare performance, is linked to the improvement of the quality of care through the incentives of selection and change, which are in turn determined by the availability of comparative information that is used by those outside the system (citizens) and those from within (organizations and professionals). In the last few decades, the healthcare sector, have undergone considerable change. This change is inevitably destined to modify the way in which citizens turn to healthcare services, and the way in which hospitals are called upon to be transparent and accountable in how they provide services. It is within this context that public reporting became widespread, as a strategy geared towards promoting informed choices to consumers and stimulating the improvement of quality of care. The aim of this paper is to highlight how public reporting systems have the potential to not only support healthcare users in making informed choices, but to also foster healthcare structures in the improvement of their services.
Stakeholders Engagement and Agenda Setting in a Developing Context
Authors: Rabbani Golam
Published: February 2016

One area of focus in the study of policymaking in developing countries is the extent to which policymaking in the developing countries is similar to the interaction among stakeholder groups, including politicians, that occurs in developed countries. This paper explores this issue in the case of the development of the Bangladesh Health Policy 2011. It is found that the policymaking process has many well-organized actors with very clear and efficient roles in generating policy outputs. This study indicates that the distinctions between policymaking in western and eastern countries, at least in some countries, may be breaking down.
On-Site Clinics
Authors: Yehl Robert , Wickersham Mary Eleanor , Sizemore Virginia B.
Published: February 2016

With the continued rising cost of health insurance and the fiscal constraints as a result of the 2007-09 economic recession requiring local governments in the U.S. to make cuts in employees, services, and benefits, it appears that on-site health clinics are one method of reducing, or at least, slowing health care costs. This chapter analyzes the use and benefits of such clinics for local government managers that is a new, but potentially effective method of both controlling costs and improving employee health.
A Leukocyte Immune-Type Receptor Subset Is a Marker of Antiviral Cytotoxic Cells in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Taylor Erin B. , Moulana Mohadetheh , Stuge Tor B. , Quiniou Sylvie M. A. , Bengten Eva , Wilson Melanie
Published: February 2016

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, leukocyte immune type receptors (LITRs) represent a multigene family that encodes Ig superfamily proteins that mediate activating or inhibitory signaling. In this study, we demonstrate the use of mAb CC41 to monitor viral cytotoxic responses in catfish and determine that CC41 binds to a subset of LITRs on the surface of catfish clonal CTLs. Homozygous gynogenetic catfish were immunized with channel catfish virus (CCV)–infected MHC-matched clonal T cells (G14D-CCV), and PBL were collected at various times after immunization for flow cytometric analyses. The percentage of CC41+ cells was significantly increased 5 d after primary immunization with G14D-CCV and at 3 d after a booster immunization as compared with control fish only injected with G14D. Moreover, CC41+ cells magnetically isolated from the PBL specifically killed CCV-infected targets as measured by 51Cr release assays and expressed messages for CD3γδ, perforin, and at least one of the CD4-like receptors as analyzed by RNA flow cytometry. When MLC effector cells derived from a G14D-CCV–immunized fish were preincubated with CC41 mAb, killing of G14D-CCV targets was reduced by ∼40%, suggesting that at least some LITRs have a role in target cell recognition and/or cytotoxicity. The availability of a LITR-specific mAb has allowed, to our knowledge for the first time, functional characterization of LITRs in an autologous system. In addition, the identification of an LITR subset as a cytotoxic cell marker will allow for more effective monitoring of catfish immune responses to pathogens.
Interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and anti-IFI16 antibodies in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: findings in serum and minor salivary glands
Authors: Alunno A. , Caneparo V. , Carubbi F. , Bistoni O. , Caterbi S. , Gariglio M. , Bartoloni E. , Landolfo S. , Gerli R.
Published: February 2016

The interferon (IFN) signature, namely the overexpression of IFN-inducible genes is a crucial aspect in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The IFN-inducible IFI16 protein, normally expressed in cell nuclei, may be overexpressed, mislocalized in the cytoplasm and secreted in the extracellular milieu in several autoimmune disorders including pSS. This leads to tolerance breaking to this self-protein and development of anti-IFI16 antibodies. The aim of this study was to identify pathogenic and clinical significance of IFI16 and anti-IFI16 autoantibodies in pSS. IFI16 and anti-IFI16 were assessed in the serum of 30 pSS patients and one-hundred healthy donors (HD) by ELISA. IFI16 was also evaluated in 5 minor salivary glands (MSGs) of pSS patients and 5 MSGs of non-pSS patients with sicca symptoms by immunohistochemistry. Normal MSGs do not constitutively express IFI16. Conversely, in pSS-MSGs a marked expression and cytoplasmic mislocalization of IFI16 by epithelial cells was observed with infiltrations in lymphocytes and peri/ intra-lesional endothelium. pSS patients display higher serum levels of both IFI16 and anti-IFI16 autoantibodies compared to HD. Our data suggest that IFI16 protein may be involved in the initiation and perpetuation of glandular inflammation occurring in pSS.
Rheumatoid trigger wrist
Authors: Minetti G. , Bartolini B. , Garlaschi G. , Silvestri E. , Cimmino M. A.
Published: February 2016

No abstract available
The role of biomechanical factors in ankylosing spondylitis: the patient’s perspective
Authors: Ansell R.C. , Shuto T. , Busquets-Perez N. , Hensor E.M.A. , Marzo-Ortega H. , McGonagle D.
Published: February 2016

Biomechanical factors including occupational joint physical stressing and joint injury have been linked to spondyloarthritis. We explored such factors in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A retrospective, online survey was developed alongside the UK National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society (NASS). Questions on early entheseal symptoms, potential precipitating trauma, sporting activity, and physiotherapy were asked. A total of 1026 patients responded with 44% recalling an instance of injury or trauma as a potential trigger for their AS. After symptom onset, 55% modified sporting activities and 28% reported that the initial AS recommended exercises exacerbated symptoms. Patients report physical trauma, exercise and physiotherapy as potential triggers for AS symptoms. These findings further support the experimental evidence for the role of biomechanical factors in disease.
Till and bedrock heavy mineral signatures of the Kiggavik uranium deposits, Nunavut
Authors: Robinson S V J , Jefferson C W , Paulen R C , Layton-Matthews D , Joy B , Quirt D
Published: February 2016

In 2010, a drift prospecting study was initiated over the Kiggavik uranium (U) deposit under the Geomapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program. The objective of this study was to document the till geochemical and heavy mineral signatures of the Kiggavik U
deposit and to identify potential applications of those characteristics in future exploration for drift-covered, basement-hosted, unconformity-related U deposits. The study area is within the zone affected by the migration of the Keewatin Ice Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Mineralized and
non-mineralized bedrock and near-surface till samples (n = 71) were collected directly overlying, up-ice, and at various distances (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 500 m, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, 5 km, and 10 km) in a fan-shaped pattern down-ice from the deposit with respect to the dominant north-northwest, northwest,
and west ice-flow directions.
Detailed microscopy and microprobe analysis of ore samples from drill core reaffirmed uraninite and coffinite as the dominant ore minerals at the Kiggavik U deposit, with accessory galena, pyrite and very minor native gold associations. These minerals are predominantly very fine-grained and rarely
exceed 100 ?m in diameter, with the exception of rare massive crystalline uraninite.
Examination of the sand-size heavy mineral concentrate (HMC) from till yielded no U-rich or directly associated accessory ore minerals, reflecting the overall fine-grained nature and instability of these minerals in oxidizing conditions such as those found in near-surface till. This ultimately
limits the utility of these minerals as empirical indicators of U deposits.
Native gold grains in till samples collected in this study are, however, more abundant than those in regional background samples. Elevated counts were found up to 3 km down-ice of the Kiggavik Main Zone (KMZ) in a west-northwest direction. The sample containing the highest gold grain count in till
was collected directly overlying the KMZ, suggesting local provenance and the applicability of native gold as an indicator mineral for Kiggavik-style unconformity-type U deposits. Moreover, Pb-rich fluorapatite grains (up to 8% PbO), from the alteration zone around the KMZ U deposit, are of
particular interest due to their uniqueness, stability under near-surface weathering conditions, and thus their potential to be an indicator mineral for such deposits. However the fluorapatite grains are very finely crystalline, as are the main Ubearing phases observed in ore samples, therefore a
new technique to separate, collect, and identify the finer fraction of the HMC needs to be developed.