bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over-expansion of drug-eluting stents in patients with left main coronary artery disease: An in vivo study
Authors: Ye Yicong , Qian Hao , Yang Ming , Zhu Xueqing , Gan Tianpeng , Zhang Shuyang , Zeng Yong
Published: June 2017

Objective

We aimed to determine the capacity of drug-eluting stent (DES) over-expansion in left main coronary artery disease.

Methods

Left main interventions with the largest available DES platforms (4.0 mm) and post-dilation performed with large non-compliant balloons (≥ 4.5 mm) were included. Maximal stent diameter (mm) and area (mm2) were measured using post-intervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Stent diameter and area were calculated with the balloon diameter and inflation pressure. The diameter and area expansion indices were defined as follows: maximal/calculated stent diameter and maximal/calculated stent area, respectively.

Results

Twenty-three consecutive patients were included. The maximal stent diameter was 4.40 mm (4.30–4.80 mm), and 22 of 23 patients showed a diameter expansion index greater than 0.90. The area expansion index was 0.862. The expansion index < 0.85 group had a significantly higher percentage of calcification ≥ 90° on IVUS than did the expansion index ≥ 0.85 group (72.7% versus 16.7%, P = 0.007). One stent fracture occurred during over-expansion and one ischemic event occurred during follow-up.

Conclusions

DESs with a nominal diameter of 4.0 mm can be effectively over-expanded in left main coronary artery disease. Achievement of predicted stent area can be affected by calcification.
Histoplasmosis mimicking metastatic spinal tumour
Authors: Liu Bing , Qu Liyan , Zhu Jian , Yang Zhengming , Yan Shigui
Published: June 2017

Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by a fungus called Histoplasma. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on the culture of biological samples and detection of fungus in tissues. Histoplasmosis can mimic malignant lesions. We report a 65-year-old, immunocompetent, male patient with back pain. We describe the main clinical and radiological characteristics in our patient who had vertebral histoplasmosis that mimicked cancer. A computed tomography scan showed lytic lesions of the right side of T4, T5, and T6 vertebral bodies. Magnetic resonance imaging displayed abnormal marrow signals in T4, T5, and T6 vertebral bodies (low signal on T1, high on T2 and short time inversion recovery (STIR)). Which was mimicking malignancy, such as haematological malignancy and metastatic bone cancer. Therefore, thoracic spinal surgery using the anterior approach was performed. An intraoperative frozen section examination and routine postoperative pathology showed thoracic histoplasmosis infection. Treatment of histoplasmosis was performed with oral itraconazole. The lesions did not progress and the patient symptomatically improved at a follow-up of 26 months.
Subclinical myocardial disease by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in healthy HIV/Hepatitis C virus-coinfected persons
Authors: Chew Kara W. , Liu Chia-Ying , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Liao Diana , Horwich Tamara B. , Lima João A.C. , Bluemke David A. , Paul Finn J. , Butt Adeel A. , Currier Judith S.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The contribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to the risk of heart failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected persons is unknown. The objective was to characterize cardiac function and morphology in HIV-treated coinfected persons.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, HIV-infected patients virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for measures of cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and steatosis.

Results

The study included 18 male patients with a median age of 44 years. Of these, 10 had untreated HCV coinfection and eight had HIV monoinfection. Global systolic and diastolic function in the cohort were normal, and median myocardial fat content was 0.48% (interquartile range 0.35–1.54). Left ventricular (LV) mass index and LV mass/volume ratio were significantly greater in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group compared with the HIV-monoinfected group. In the HIV-monoinfected group, there was more myocardial fibrosis as measured by extracellular volume fraction.

Conclusions

There were differences between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected patients in cardiac structure and morphology. Larger studies are needed to examine whether HIV and HCV independently contribute to mechanisms of heart failure.
Retrospective analysis of premedication, glucocorticosteroids, and H1-antihistamines for preventing infusion reactions associated with cetuximab treatment of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Ikegawa Kiwako , Suzuki Shinya , Nomura Hisanaga , Enokida Tomohiro , Yamazaki Tomoko , Okano Susumu , Endo Kazushi , Saito Shinichiro , Yamaguchi Masakazu , Tahara Makoto
Published: June 2017

Objectives

We evaluated infusion-related reactions associated with cetuximab combination chemotherapy comprising an H1-receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone as anti-allergy premedications for patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 248 patients who received a cetuximab combination regimen between December 2012 and August 2015. All patients received 5 mg intravenous dichlorpheniramine (H1-receptor antagonist), and dexamethasone (DEX) was adjusted from 6.6 mg to 13.2 mg according to the emetogenic risk.

Results

We identified 248 subjects, including 13 (5.2%) with infusion-related reactions (grade 1 in five [2.0%], grade 2 in seven [2.8%], and grade 4 in one [0.4%]). The incidence of these reactions in cetuximab combination regimens, each employing an H1-receptor antagonist, using a higher dose of dexamethasone (13.2 mg) was not significantly lower compared with those using 6.6 mg DEX (2.4% vs 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.43). Twelve patients experienced infusion-related reactions associated with the first cetuximab administration, and one reaction occurred after the third administration.

Conclusions

The incidence of infusion-related reactions was lower compared with those of previous studies. Dexamethasone combined with an H1-receptor antagonist was useful for preventing allergic responses. The incidence of infusion-related reactions was not lower with 13.2 mg dexamethasone, and 6.6 mg DEX prevented infusion-related reactions.
Factors affecting improvement of children and adolescents who were treated in the child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit
Authors: Serim Demirgoren Burcu , Ozbek Aylin , Gencer Ozlem
Published: June 2017

Objective

This study aimed to assess the correlates and predictors of improvement in general functioning of children and adolescents who are treated in the child and adolescent psychiatry (CAMHS) inpatient unit.

Methods

Hospital records of 308 children and adolescents who were treated for at least 1 month in the CAMHS inpatient unit from 2005–2016 were included. Associations with individual, familial, and clinical variables and the difference in Children’s Global Assessment Scale (ΔCGAS) scores at admission and discharge were evaluated.

Results

Positive predictors of ΔCGAS were older age and lower CGAS scores at admission, whereas high familial risk scores at admission and diagnosis of early-onset schizophrenia negatively predicted ΔCGAS (B = 0.698, p = 0002; B = −0.620, p < 0.001; B = −0.842, p = 0.002; B =−9.184, p = 0.000, respectively). Familial risk scores were significantly and negatively correlated with ΔCGAS (p = 0.004, Spearman’s rho = −0.2).

Conclusions

This study indicates that improvement in general functioning during inpatient treatment in CAMHS is better at an older age and with lower general functioning at admission. However, high familial risks and diagnosis of early-onset schizophrenia weakens this improvement.
Risk Factors for Tear Progression in Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Study of 174 Shoulders
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Mineta Mitsuyoshi , Kawakami Jun , Sano Hirotaka , Itoi Eiji
Published: June 2017

Background:

The risk factors for tear progression in symptomatic rotator cuff tears have not been clarified yet. It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to know the natural course of tear progression when nonoperative management is to be chosen.

Hypothesis:

Tears in younger patients, high-activity patients, or heavy laborers would progress in size more than those in older patients, low-activity patients, or light laborers.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Two hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears visited our institute between 2009 and 2015. Of these, 174 shoulders of 171 patients (mean age, 66.9 years) who underwent at least 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were prospectively enrolled. The mean follow-up was 19 months. Tear progression was defined as positive when the tear size increased by ≥2 mm. The demographic factors that were analyzed by multivariate analysis included age, sex, hand dominance, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypercholesterolemia, sports participation, job type, tear size, and tear type (full or partial thickness).

Results:

Of the 174 shoulders, 82 shoulders (47%) showed tear progression. The mean (±SD) tear length and width in the progression group on final MRI were 23.1 ± 12.5 mm and 17.3 ± 9.6 mm, respectively; the tear size progressed by a mean 5.8 ± 5.6 mm in length and 3.1 ± 5.2 mm in width. The mean propagation speed was 3.8 mm/y in length and 2.0 mm/y in width. The size of full-thickness tears significantly increased compared with that of articular-sided partial-thickness tears ( P = .0215). The size of medium tears significantly increased compared with that of other tears ( P < .0001). According to the logistic regression analysis, smoking was significantly correlated with tear progression ( P = .026). Subgroup analyses showed that male sex, hand dominance, and trauma were correlated with tear progression. Age, alcohol drinking, hypercholesterolemia, sports participation, and job type did not show any correlation with tear progression.

Conclusion:

The tear size of symptomatic rotator cuff tears progressed in 47% of the shoulders during a mean of 19 months, and the speed of progression was 3.8 mm/y in length and 2.0 mm/y in width. The risk factors for tear progression were (1) a medium-sized tear, (2) a full-thickness tear, and (3) smoking.
The Self-Awareness of the Mind: Phenomenal World and the Mind Beyond
Authors: Han Ja-Kyoung
Published: June 2017

What we regard as real are the objects of the phenomenal world which we perceive. We regard those that we see objectively, as in the third person perspective, as real. What then is the mind that perceives the world? Is it possible for us to realize the very mind that perceives the world?

This article discusses the existence of the world perceived by the mind in order to deal with the existence of the mind which perceives the world and the knowability of the mind. Phenomenal world is a perceptual world which is a fictitious world constructed by our conceptual language system. And the base of the fictitious phenomenal world, the object itself, is emptiness. The emptiness is the emptiness of the mind that perceives and constructs the world. Thus, the awareness of the emptiness of the world is the self-awareness of the mind.

Since the emptiness of my mind is the same emptiness of all other beings, the mind is the capacity to sympathize with the whole world, the universal mind, One-mind. Every man is aware of oneself as One-mind. “Gong-juk-young-ji” or the “original enlightenment” of Buddhism is the self-awareness of the mind as emptiness.
Effect of curing time on selected properties of soil stabilized with fly ash, marble dust and waste sand for road sub-base materials
Authors: Firat Seyhan , Khatib Jamal M , Yilmaz Gulgun , Comert AT
Published: June 2017

The properties of sub-base filling materials in highway construction are essential, as they can determine the performance of the road in service. Normally, the existing materials are removed and replaced with new materials that have adequate load-bearing capacity. Rising environmental concern and new environmental legislations have made construction professionals consider other methods. These methods include stabilizing the existing materials with other additives to improve their performance. Additives can be waste materials generated by different industries. In this work, the existing excavated soil is stabilized with waste materials. The wastes consisted of fly ash, marble dust and waste sand. The percentage addition of waste materials was 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (by mass) of the existing soil. The soil/waste specimens were cured for 1, 7, 28, 56, 90 and 112 days before testing. Testing included the dry unit weight and unconfined compressive strength ( qu) as well as X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy observation. Also, the California Bearing Ratio values were obtained and are reported in this investigation. The results showed that the qu values increased with the increase in waste materials content. Also, there is tendency for the dry unit weight to increase with the increase in waste materials.
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Bariatric Surgery: An Emphasis on Vitamins and Trace Minerals
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Hurt Ryan T. , Wolfe Bruce , Martindale Robert G.
Published: June 2017

Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic with a disproportionate increase in grade III obesity. Bariatric surgery offers an attractive option for sustained weight loss compared with traditional methods such as exercise and diet. Micronutrient deficiencies are common and clinically significant after bariatric surgery. These deficiencies are related to a combination of patient and surgical variables. A thorough understanding of specific micronutrient deficiencies is necessary for early recognition and optimal management. The purpose of this review is to describe indications, outcomes, and types of bariatric procedures, risk factors, and mechanisms for micronutrient deficiencies, as well as outline specific vitamin and trace element deficiencies after bariatric surgery.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Women Aged 15 to 24 Years in India: A Social-Ecological Approach
Authors: Ler Peggy , Sivakami Muthusamy , Monárrez-Espino Joel
Published: June 2017

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical public health issue that has reached epidemic proportions. Research investigating IPV among young women in India using large-scale population data is lacking. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with IPV among women aged 15 to 24 years in India through a social-ecological approach. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Family Health Survey, a population-based survey conducted in India from 2005 to 2006. The past-year prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual forms of IPV, among ever-married women aged 15 to 24 years were computed. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of factors at various levels of the social-ecological framework with the past-year experience of emotional, physical, sexual, and any form of IPV. The past-year prevalence of IPV among women aged 15 to 24 years ( n = 16,285) was 29%. Physical IPV was the most common, affecting 23% in the past year. The past-year prevalence of sexual IPV among women aged 15 to 24 years at 9.5% was higher than older women. Individual factors significantly associated with the past-year experience of all forms of IPV were the young age at first marriage, parental IPV, and ever had a terminated pregnancy. At the relationship level, husband’s controlling behaviors, his consumption of alcohol, and experience of violence from other family members were positively associated with all forms of IPV in the past year. Poverty and acceptance of IPV increased the women’s odds of experiencing IPV. IPV was associated with multiple factors occurring at all levels of the social-ecological framework. Actions to prevent and eliminate IPV in India demand multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts that are tailored specifically for adolescents and young women. It is imperative to protect the girls and young women from IPV; it protects the future of India.
Relationships Among Microbial Communities, Maternal Cells, Oligosaccharides, and Macronutrients in Human Milk
Authors: Williams Janet E. , Price William J. , Shafii Bahman , Yahvah Katherine M. , Bode Lars , McGuire Mark A. , McGuire Michelle K.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Human milk provides all essential nutrients necessary for early life and is rich in nonnutrients, maternally derived (host) cells, and bacteria, but almost nothing is known about the interplay among these components.

Research aim:

The primary objective of this research was to characterize relationships among macronutrients, maternal cells, and bacteria in milk.

Methods:

Milk samples were collected from 16 women and analyzed for protein, lipid, fatty acid, lactose, and human milk oligosaccharide concentrations. Concentrations of maternal cells were determined using microscopy, and somatic cell counts were enumerated. Microbial ecologies were characterized using culture-independent methods.

Results:

Absolute and relative concentrations of maternal cells were mostly consistent within each woman as were relative abundances of bacterial genera, and there were many apparent relationships between these factors. For instance, relative abundance of Serratia was negatively associated with somatic cell counts ( r = –.47, p < .0001) and neutrophil concentration ( r = –.38, p < .0006). Concentrations of several oligosaccharides were correlated with maternally derived cell types as well as somatic cell counts; for example, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose were inversely correlated with somatic cell counts ( r = –.64, p = .0082; r = –.52, p = .0387, respectively), and relative abundance of Staphylococcus was positively associated with total oligosaccharide concentration ( r = .69, p = .0034). Complex relationships between milk nutrients and bacterial community profile, maternal cells, and milk oligosaccharides were also apparent.

Conclusion:

These data support the possibility that profiles of maternally derived cells, nutrient concentrations, and the microbiome of human milk might be interrelated.
Use of Videoconferencing for Lactation Consultation: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey of Mothers’ Acceptance in the United States
Authors: Habibi Mona F. , Springer Cary M. , Spence Marsha L. , Hansen-Petrik Melissa B. , Kavanagh Katherine F.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Suboptimal breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates are a public health concern. Therefore, there is a need for identifying effective tools for use in interventions targeting specific barriers to optimal breastfeeding outcomes.

Research aim:

This study aimed to assess the relationship between acceptance of remote lactation consultation using videoconferencing and (a) maternal demographic factors, (b) technology acceptance subscales, (c) maternal learning style preferences, and (d) other potentially explanatory maternal factors.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, online study. English-speaking mothers of at least 18 years of age, with an infant age 4 months or younger, and who reported initiating breastfeeding were eligible to participate. Mothers were recruited from 27 randomly selected states. One hundred one mothers completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 71%. The main outcome was acceptance of videoconferencing use for lactation consultation.

Results:

No significant differences were found in acceptance by maternal demographic factors or learning style preferences. Acceptance was significantly related to perceived ease of use ( r = .680, p < .001), perceived usefulness/extrinsic motivation ( r = .774, p < .001), intrinsic motivation ( r = .689, p < .001), desire for control of privacy ( r = –.293, p < .01), and mother’s perception of the infant father’s/maternal partner’s acceptance of videoconferencing for lactation consultation ( r = .432, p < .001). Only perceived usefulness/extrinsic motivation and maternal age remained in the final regression model ( R2 = .616, p < .001). Although perceived usefulness/extrinsic motivation was positively associated with acceptance, maternal age was inversely related.

Conclusion:

This sample of mothers indicated general acceptance of videoconferencing for lactation consultation, with younger mothers and those perceiving it to be more useful demonstrating greater acceptance.
Three dimensions of maturity required to achieve future state, technology-enabled manufacturing supply chains
Authors: Ward Michael , Halliday Steven , Uflewska Olga , Wong TC
Published: June 2017

The particular challenges associated with supply chain application of emerging manufacturing technologies are increasingly recognised in industry, academia and government. The problem is often described in terms of technology readiness levels, with the particular challenge relating to the stages between proof of concept and initial adoption in the factory environment. In the United Kingdom, the government has established the High Value Manufacturing Catapult, a network of manufacturing innovation centres brought together with the objective of addressing the so-called valley of death between traditional academic research and industrial needs across a broad spectrum of manufacturing process technology. This is achieved through demonstrating manufacturing technology at full scale, in factory representative environments in terms of equipment, process control and operation. This provision helps to address the key gap of full-scale pre-production capability demonstration and can be seen to de-risk investment in new manufacturing technology. This article argues that addressing this particular gap is entirely necessary but not sufficient to drive exploitation of the full potential that is available from the latest manufacturing technologies. A three-dimensional maturity-based framework is proposed, which, in addition to considerations of technology demonstration, also allows the position of the target product application in its product lifecycle and the readiness of the supply chain to receive the technology to be taken into account as success factors in the potential for industrialisation. Case study examples, both current and historical, are used to illustrate the need for such an approach in achieving future technology-enabled supply chains. In combination, this analysis introduces the basis of a more complete ‘long valley of death’ description which articulates the needs of research networks to establish a level of foundational capability ahead of specific client readiness projects in order to maximise overall pace and achieve a level of agility of delivery which is consistent with future views on digitalisation of manufacture.
Comparative study of welding deformation of a stiffened panel under various welding procedures
Authors: Chen Zhen , Yu Qi , Luo Yu , Shenoi R Ajit
Published: June 2017

The welding distortions of large-scale structures are extraordinary complicated. If an effective tool of predicting welding distortion is available, then marine design and manufacturing engineers can use this to improve production quality and reduce costs. This article focuses on the comparative studies of welding procedure of a stiffened panel. An efficient thermal elasto-plastic finite element method–based procedure is developed to predict the welding deformation and residual stress of structures. A combined shell/solid model is adopted to enhance modeling and calculation efficiency. The welding process of a stiffened panel is simulated. Three welding procedures of simultaneous, successive and bidirectional welding are studied. The results show that welding distortion can be well controlled by adjusting the welding procedure.
Conceptualizing and operationalizing social rights: Towards higher convergent validity in SCIP and CWED
Authors: Bolukbasi H Tolga , Öktem Kerem Gabriel
Published: June 2017

There is widespread consensus in the comparative welfare state literature that the welfare state can be best conceptualized in terms of social rights of citizenship. The Social Citizenship Indicator Program (SCIP) and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset (CWED), which rely on operational definitions of quantified legislated social rights, constitute centrepieces of this thriving research. As leading state-of-the-art tools for capturing welfare stateness, these two datasets are being widely used. Scholars in general have also been treating them as interchangeable measurement tools. Upon closer inspection, however, we discover that the two datasets point to contrasting images of welfare state change for certain countries and time periods. This article aims to contribute to the scholarly exchange on the validity problem in measuring welfare state generosity. The exchange has hitherto been confined to problems of dataset choice with respect to only replacement rates, a set of key indicators included in both datasets. However, there are 11 key non-replacement rate indicators SCIP and CWED have in common, whose convergent validity has yet to be questioned. We thus explore the convergent validity of these non-replacement rate indicators across the two datasets. We then replicate the two leading composite indexes (Decommodification Index (DI) and Benefit Generosity Index (BGI)) constructed on the basis of these indicators. We identify problems of invalidity manifested in discrepancies in non-replacement rate indicator scores and index values for DI and BGI. We show how these discrepancies could lead to contrasting assessments of welfare state change. We then identify a set of potential sources for these discrepancies, most of which are related to different operationalizations of similar concepts. We conclude by calling for more dialogue among developers of SCIP and CWED to further clarify their conceptual and operational points of departure.
Investigating rater accuracy in the context of secondary-level solo instrumental music performance
Authors: Wesolowski Brian C. , Wind Stefanie A.
Published: June 2017

In any performance-based musical assessment context, construct-irrelevant variability attributed to raters is a cause of concern when constructing a validity argument. Therefore, evidence of rater quality is a necessary criterion for psychometrically sound (i.e., valid, reliable, and fair) rater-mediated music performance assessments. Rater accuracy is a type of rater quality index that measures the distance between raters’ operational ratings and an expert’s criterion ratings on a set of benchmark, exemplar, or anchor musical performances. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of ratings in the context of a secondary-level solo music performance assessment using a Multifaceted Rasch Rater Accuracy (MFR-RA) measurement model. This study was guided by the following research questions: (a) overall, how accurate were the rater judgments in the assessment context? (b) how accurate were the rater judgments across each of the items of the rubric?, and (c) how accurate were the rater judgments across each of the domains of the rubric? Results indicated that accuracy scores generally matched the expectations of the MFR-RA model, with rater locations higher than the average student performance, item, and domain locations, indicating that the student performances, items, and domains were relatively easy to rate accurately for the sample of raters examined in this study. Overall, rater accuracy ranged from 0.54 logits ( SE = 0.05) for the most accurate rater to 0.24 logits ( SE = 0.04) for the least accurate rater. Difficulty of rater accuracy across items indicated a range of 0.91 logits ( SE = 0.08) to -1.83 logits ( SE = 0.17). Difficulty of rater accuracy across domains ranged from 0.25 logits ( SE = 0.08) to -0.68 logits ( SE = 0.17). Implications for the improvement of music performance assessments with specific regard to rater training are discussed.
Researching Health Care as a Meaningful Practice: Toward a Nondualistic View on Evidence for Qualitative Research
Authors: van Wijngaarden Els , Meide Hanneke van der , Dahlberg Karin
Published: June 2017

Being able to describe how research findings become evidence is crucial in providing a justification for all kinds of research findings. However, qualitative researchers in health care, including those who conduct phenomenological research, are usually fairly modest when it comes qualifying their research findings as such. We advocate a view of evidence for phenomenological research, an approach that is rooted in philosophy of science, including perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. We suggest that phenomenology can become an exemplar for how qualitative research can make convincing arguments and thus can be better appreciated. In this article, we present a philosophical foundation for phenomenological evidence by exploring the notions of objectivity, validity, and generalizability in terms of openness, meaning, and essence.
Avoiding Unwarranted Segregation of Students With Behavioral Needs: Lessons Learned
Authors: Ennis Robin Parks , Katsiyannis Antonis
Published: June 2017

Title II of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 requires that state and local agencies refrain from the discrimination of individuals with disabilities by providing them with services in the most integrated setting appropriate. Despite this mandate, state and local education agencies across the country engage in practices that could be characterized as providing unwarranted segregation and unequal education practices. One such example is a U.S. Department of Justice investigation of the Georgia Network for Educational and Therapeutic Services. The Department of Justice issued guidelines for appropriate program modifications, including proper evaluation procedures, appropriate entrance and exit standards, effective behavioral and mental health education services, and equal education and extracurricular opportunities. Implications for practitioners, in light of these suggested guidelines, are detailed.
Is Behavioral Ethics Ready for Giving Business and Policy Advice?
Authors: Houdek Petr
Published: June 2017

This essay is a critical perspective of the applicability of behavioral ethics in business and policy interventions. I summarize a series of proposed interventions to increase people’s honesty, inspired by ethical dissonance theory, such as increasing salience of moral norms, visibility, and self-engagement. Although I agree that behavioral ethics could offer simple, low-cost interventions with the potential of reducing unethical behavior (not only) in organizations, there are several risks and methodological limitations not sufficiently discussed. The interventions thus could eventually lead to weaker positive impacts or even long-term negative consequences. I suggest several alternative approaches to decrease dishonesty such as making the moral choice easier, implementing salient accountability, and removing dishonesty temptations and dishonest employees. The article concludes with a warning that unrealistic expectations may damage the credibility of behavioral ethics.
Non–Health Care Facility Cardiovascular Medication Errors in the United States
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Spiller Henry A. , Casavant Marcel J. , Hodges Nichole L. , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Smith Gary A.
Published: June 2017

Background: Prior studies have not examined national trends and characteristics of unintentional non–health care facility (HCF) medication errors associated with cardiovascular drugs. Objective: To investigate non-HCF medication errors associated with cardiovascular drugs reported to poison control centers in the United States. Methods: A retrospective analysis of non-HCF medication errors associated with cardiovascular drugs from 2000 to 2012 was conducted using the National Poison Data System database. Results: There were 278 444 medication errors associated with cardiovascular drugs reported to US poison control centers during the study period, averaging 21 419 exposures annually. The overall rate of cardiovascular medication errors per 100 000 population increased 104.6% from 2000 to 2012 ( P < 0.001) and the highest rates were among older adults. Most cases (83.6%) did not require treatment at a HCF. Serious medical outcomes were reported in 4.0% of exposures. The cardiovascular drugs most commonly implicated in medication errors were β-blockers (28.2%), calcium antagonists (17.7%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (15.9%). Most of the 114 deaths were associated with cardiac glycosides (47.4%) or calcium antagonists (29.8%). Most medication errors involved taking or being given a medication twice (52.6%). Conclusions: This study describes characteristics and trends of non-HCF cardiovascular medication errors over a 13-year period in the United States. The number and rate of cardiovascular medication errors increased steadily from 2000 to 2012, with the highest error rates among older adults. Further research is needed to identify prevention strategies for these errors, with a particular focus on the older adult population.
Apocalypse Now?
Authors: Rupp Michael T.
Published: June 2017

Despite the wishful thinking of those who have long prophesied an imminent surge in demand for clinical pharmacists, the tipping point for healthy supply-demand balance in pharmacy has almost certainly been surpassed. Imprudent overbuilding of pharmacy programs has combined with trends toward increasing automation and consolidation in pharmacy practice to create an existential threat in pharmacy education. Surviving the looming industry shakeout will require schools and colleges of pharmacy to do what our colleagues in practice and the private sector have always done: compete.
Driving After Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: McDonald Elizabeth , Shakked Rachel , Daniel Joseph , Pedowitz David I. , Winters Brian S. , Reb Christopher , Lynch Mary-Katherine , Raikin Steven M.
Published: June 2017

Background:

The purpose of the study was to determine when patients can safely return to driving after first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus correction.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval, 60 patients undergoing right first metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus correction surgery were recruited prospectively. Patients’ brake reaction time (BRT) was tested at 6 weeks and repeated until patients achieved a passing BRT. A control group of twenty healthy patients was used to establish as passing BRT. Patients were given a novel driver readiness survey to complete.

Results:

At 6 weeks, 51 of the 60 patients (85%) had BRT less than 0.85 seconds and were considered safe to drive. At 6 weeks, the passing group average was 0.64 seconds. At the 8 weeks, 59 patients (100%) of those who completed the study achieved a passing BRT. Patients that failed at 6 weeks had statistically greater visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and diminished first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) range of motion (ROM). On the novel driver readiness survey, 8 of the 9 patients (89%) who did not pass disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement, “Based on what I think my braking reaction time is, I think that I am ready to drive.”

Conclusion:

Most patients may be informed that they can safely return to driving 8 weeks after right metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus correction. Some patients may be eligible to return to driving sooner depending on their VAS, first MTP ROM, and driver readiness survey results.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, comparative study
Compensation as a Police Candidate Attraction Tool: An Organizational-Level Analysis
Authors: Giblin Matthew J. , Galli Phillip M.
Published: June 2017

In 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies hired 61,000 new full-time sworn personnel. To develop a sufficient applicant pool, organizations may use a variety of attraction strategies, including financial inducements, especially when broader factors lessen the appeal of a job. Using data from the 2007 and 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, the present study tests whether unfavorable contingencies (e.g., high cost of living, rigorous application standards) are related to officer compensation—pay, supplemental incentives, and reimbursements—within a sample of large metropolitan police agencies. Results are generally consistent with contingency theory, at least with respect to salaries. Departments offer higher salaries to offset more rigorous hiring standards, high costs of living, and other unfavorable contingencies. The implications of the findings for police officer recruitment are discussed.
Generating and sustaining positive spaces: reflections on an Indigenous youth urban arts program
Authors: Robbins Julian , Linds Warren , Ironstand Benjamin , Goodpipe Erin
Published: June 2017

Life in the city for any youth can be challenging without a proper support network. For Indigenous youth in particular, the unique burden of intergenerational trauma due to the residual effects of colonialism (e.g. residential schools and historical outlawing of traditional practices) can contribute to both unhealthy behaviors and a continuation of “culturally unsafe” spaces. As a response to these challenges, this article examines the positive effects that a grassroots film creation and production program in a major urban centre in Saskatchewan, Canada, had on participating Indigenous youth. Community-based researchers from the Indigenous Peoples’ Health Research Centre observed how a culturally safe space created the conditions to enable youth to become creative through the arts in an environment supported by an intergenerational network of Nêhiyaw (Plains Cree) kinship relationships called wâhkôtowin. The article also argues that the effectiveness of culturally safe spaces can benefit from recognizing the operation of ethnogenetic processes in contemporary environments.
Access to and Payment for Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment in Ohio
Authors: Parran Theodore V , Muller Joseph Z , Chernyak Elina , Adelman Chris , Delos Reyes Christina M , Rowland Douglas , Kolganov Mykola
Published: June 2017

Importance:

Office-based opiate agonist therapy has dramatically expanded access to medication-assisted treatment over the past decade but has also led to increased buprenorphine diversion.

Objective:

Our study sought to characterize physicians who participate in office-based therapy (OBT) to assess patient access to OBT in Ohio 10 years after its introduction.

Design/Setting/Participants:

Cross-sectional telephone survey of Drug Addiction Treatment Act–waivered physicians in Ohio listed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT).

Main Outcomes:

This study sought to determine what proportion of eligible physicians are actively prescribing buprenorphine, whether they accept insurance for OBT, and whether they accept insurance for non-OBT services. In addition, we evaluated what physician characteristics predicted those primary outcomes. We hypothesized that a significant minority of eligible physicians are not active prescribers of buprenorphine. In addition, we expected that a significant minority of OBT prescribers do not accept insurance, further restricting patient access. We further hypothesized that a large subset of OBT prescribers accept insurance in their regular practices but do not take insurance for OBT.

Results:

Of the 466 listed physicians, 327 (70.2%) practice representatives were reached for interview. Thirty-three physicians were excluded, with a true response rate of 75.5%. In total, 80.7% of providers reached were active OBT prescribers. Of these, 52.7% accepted insurance for OBT, 20.8% accepted insurance for non-OBT services but not for OBT, and 26.5% did not accept insurance for any services. Practices who did not accept insurance were more likely among dedicated addiction clinics located outside of Ohio’s 6 major cities. Practices who normally accepted insurance but did not for OBT services were more likely in urban locations and were not associated with dedicated addiction practices. Neither business practice was associated with physician specialty

Conclusions and Relevance:

Access to OBT in Ohio is far lower than what the 466 listed physicians suggests. Nearly 1 in 5 of those physicians are not active OBT prescribers, and 1 in 2 active prescribers do not accept insurance for OBT. Further research is needed to determine whether practices who do not accept insurance provide care consistent with CSAT guidelines and whether such practice patterns contribute to buprenorphine diversion.
Primary Cutaneous CD4+Small/Medium Pleomorphic T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Maurelli Martina , Colato Chiara , Gisondi Paolo , Girolomoni Giampiero
Published: June 2017

Background:

Primary cutaneous CD4+small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CD4+PCSM-LPD) is defined by a predominance of small- to medium-sized CD4+pleomorphic T cells and a favorable clinical course.

Objective:

We performed a retrospective analysis of 6 patients with CD4+PCSM-LPD and reviewed the literature to address questions about its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods:

Patients were 3 men and 3 women with a median age of 50 years. All patients presented with a single erythematous nodule, localised on the head in 4 patients and the upper trunk in 2 cases. No patients showed extracutaneous disease at any evaluation. Histopathologic features were characterised by nodular, diffuse, or, in 1 case, a superficial dense infiltrate of small/medium-sized pleomorphic CD4+/PD1+T lymphocytes. T-cell receptor clonality was demonstrated in 5 cases. Treatment was surgical excision in 5 cases and radiotherapy in 1 case.

Results:

All patients achieved complete resolution without relapses, during a median follow-up of 3 years. A review of the literature confirmed that CD4+PCSM-LPD presents predominantly with a solitary nodular lesion on the face, neck, or upper trunk in adult patients. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment. Spontaneous resolution after biopsy may occur.

Conclusions:

CD4+PCSM-LPD is a rare disorder with a favorable course.
Sliding wear mechanism of ductile materials – Effect of sliding direction reversal
Authors: Tyfour Wa’il R , Hayajneh Mohammed T , Momani Amer , AL-Hajji Manar B
Published: June 2017

The work presented in this paper tries to shed more light on the mechanism by which ductile surfaces fail and leave the contact surface during loaded pure sliding contact. An extensive experimental program was designed aimed at exploring the role of plastic shear strain accumulation in surface failure. Reversing the direction of strain during testing was the main variable which was facilitated by reversing the sliding direction. Changes in structure deformation morphology and accumulated plastic strain were analyzed. The effect of different sliding direction reversal regimes during testing, compared to unidirectional sliding to the same sliding distance, was thoroughly investigated. Results came to support that plastic strain accumulation is responsible for contact surface failure and, as a result, material loss from the ductile surface during sliding. It was evident, under the test conditions used, that reversing the sliding direction at different predefined sliding distances has resulted in delaying surface failure, resulting in lower wear loss compared to that found under unidirectional sliding. Multiple strain direction reversals resulted in higher beneficial effect in delaying failure. Furthermore, the earlier the sliding reversal is carried out, the better its effect of delaying failure. Findings have been explained in terms of plastic strain accumulation that leads to failure of the surface layer after reaching a certain strain to failure limit.
Design and optimization of CAM connecting rod system in high-speed drives based on dynamic characteristics and mathematical model
Authors: Shang Xin , Xia Bi-Zhong , Ren Shi-Yuan
Published: June 2017

To explore the cause of structure vibration, this study aims to propose a kinematic equation and analyze its movement in relation to cam linkage mechanism for a jacketing machine and shearing mechanism. Finite element method is adopted to construct the kinetic model of linkage subsystem of shearing mechanism. This method can solve the inability of the shearing mechanism to accurately complete the shearing actions of the rubber hose during large vibration of the mechanism. Lumped parameter method is adopted to establish the kinetic model of the cam roller subsystem, and Newmark method is used to solve the kinetic equation of the shearing mechanism. The optimal parameters of the linking rod, cam profile, and shaking force and shaking moment of the mechanism at different rotation speeds are analyzed. Results show that rotation speed and cam profile are factors affecting the performance of the mechanism. The shaking force (shaking moment) is the main cause of the vibration of the mechanism on the rack. As such, the shaking force and shaking moment of the mechanism are selected as the objective functions of the optimization model. The node parameters of B-spline curve movement law and cross-section parameters of the linking rod are used as variables for the optimal design of the cam linkage system. Finally, the obtained optimal value is x = [0.33 0.2 0.54 0.62 8.7 3.0 7.8 16.3] T.
Emergence of argument in children’s mathematical writing
Authors: Kosko Karl W , Zimmerman Belinda S
Published: June 2017

Recent educational policy documents have encouraged engaging students in mathematical argumentation via discussion and writing. Most recently in the U.S., the Common Core State Standards recommend that children construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. One often advocated means of engaging students in this mathematical practice is mathematical writing. This requires students to develop mathematical writing that demonstrates careful analysis, a command of sequence, and a level of detail considered fundamental for constructing effective argumentative, persuasive and informative mathematical explanations. However, there is currently little to no research examining how mathematical writing develops in elementary grades. The present study examined K-3 students’ mathematical writing using modified Piagetian tasks. Incorporating elements of Toulmin’s argumentation scheme, a set of classifications for mathematical writing emerged from K-3 student samples. Further, these classifications are sequential, with strong statistical correlations associated with children’s grade levels. The findings indicate a potentially useful set of classification schemes for identifying children’s writing and examining how such writing develops in early grades.
The Influence of Psychosocial and Cognitive Factors on Perceived Threat of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ostergren Jenny E. , Heeringa Steven G. , Leon Carlos F. Mendes de , Connell Cathleen M , Roberts J. Scott
Published: June 2017

This study explored psychosocial and cognitive predictors of perceived threat of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Respondents were 1641 adults (mean age: 64.4; 54% female; 82% white) who completed a module in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative survey of adults aged ≥50. Findings show that perceived threat was significantly higher for those aged 50 to 64 ( P < .001) and 65 to 74 ( P < .05) than for those ≥75. Respondents with a family history of AD had significantly greater perceived threat ( P < .001) than those with no experience. Stronger endorsement of the beliefs that stress ( P < .01) or genetics ( P < .01) are important AD risk factors was significantly associated with greater perceived threat, as was having more depressive symptoms ( P < .01), poorer self-rated memory ( P < .01), and lower cognitive function ( P < .01). Personal experience moderated the relationship between perceived threat and 2 variables: age and self-rated memory. Understanding perceived AD threat may inform practice and policies centered on early and accurate diagnosis.