bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNAPREĐENJE SISTEMA MENADŽMENTA KVALITETOM U ORGANIZACIJI „NS AUTOMOTIVE“ PRIMENOM STANDARDA ISO 9004
Authors: Stanić Nora
Published: October 2023

U radu je dat teorijski prikaz sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom, standarda ISO 9001 i ISO 9004, kao i prednosti njihove implementacije. Samoocenjivanjem se utvrđuje nivo zrelosti SMK-a u organizaciji „NS Automotive". Na osnovu rezultata samoocenjivanja, definisane su mere unapređenja u cilju dostizanja višeg nivoa zrelosti. Pored toga, predstavljen je Gantov dijagram sa definisanim aktivnostima, odgovornostima, vremenskim rokovima za realizaciju mera unapređenja.
REMEDIJACIJA OTPADNE VODE OPTEREĆENE FOSFOROM POMOĆU FUNKCIONALIZOVANOG AKTIVNOG UGLJA
Authors: Popara Dušan , Radović Sanja , Turk Sekulić Maja
Published: October 2023

U radu je prikazano ispitivanje efikasnosti adsorpcije ortofosfata iz modelovanih rastvora primenom funkcionalizovanog aktivnog uglja sintetisanog od lignoce­luloznog prekursora iz poljoprivrednog organskog otpada. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u šaržnim laboratorijskim uslo­vima, pomoću aktivnog uglja dobijenog od koštica kajsije. Efikasnost adsorpcije je određena u funkciji početne ma­sene koncentracije ortofosfata, kontaktnog vremena, pH vrednosti modelovanih rastvora sa ortofosfatima i upotreb­ljene doze adsorbenta. U radu su prikazani uticaj funkcio­nalizacije adsorbenta na efikasnost adsorpcije ciljanih polutanata iz otpadnih voda i mogućnosti primene zasi­ćenih adsorbenata kao đubriva.
KOGNITIVNA ERGONOMIJA I UTICAJ RADNIH USLOVA NA ZAPOSLENE
Authors: Istrat Dunja
Published: October 2023

Kognitivna ergonomija se fokusira na karakteristike ljudskog psihičkog opterećenja, mentalne performanse i pouzdanost u sistemima rada. Cilj master rada jeste da se u kontekstu definisanih novih psihosocijalnih rizika prikažu mogućnosti procene psihičkog opterećenja i mentalnih performansi čoveka primenom metoda kognitivne ergonomije. Skreće se pažnja na neke mogućnosti metodološkog pristupa proceni i optimizaciji mentalnog opterećenja i pouzdanosti čoveka, uz prikaz specifičnosti odabranih metoda za primenu u standardnim i ekstremnim uslovima izvođenja radova. Kao završni deo rada sprovedeno je istraživanje o stresu i drugim uslovima na poslu i o njihovom uticaju na radnike pomoću online upitnika. Rezultati ankete pokazali su koje su najzastupljenije emocije koje radnici doživljavaju na radnom mestu, kao i način na koji ih ispoljavaju. Takođe, rezultati su omogućili uvid u neke uslove na poslu koje je moguće unaprediti.
PROCENA RIZIKA PRILIKOM IZVOĐENJA GRUBIH GRAĐEVINSKIH RADOVA
Authors: Vučinović Jelena
Published: October 2023

Pri izvođenju grubih građevinskih radova, zaposleni su izloženi potencijalnim rizicima. Istraživanje se zasniva na analiziranju opasnosti i procenjivanju rizika za najsloženija radna mesta u okviru građevine (zidar, tesar i armirač). Prilikom procene rizika Kinny metodom, identifikovane su potencijalne opasnosti i štetnosti za date radove. U radu su predloženi načini i mere u cilju otklanjanja, smanjenja ili sprečavanja rizika.
RAZVOJ APLIKACIJE ZA NADZOR I UPRAVLJANJE SISTEMOM KUĆNE AUTOMATIZACIJE U IGNITION RAZVOJNOM OKRUŽENJU KORIŠĆENJEM MQTT PROTOKOLA
Authors: Ujić Milica
Published: October 2023

U ovom radu opisan je razvoj veb aplikacije za nadzor i upravljanje sistemom kućne automatizacije, radi olakšavanja života korisnika. U radu je data teorijska pozadina koncepta Interneta stvari i kućne automatizacije, a zatim je prikazana razvijena aplikacija. Za razvoj aplikacije korišćeno je Igniton razvojno okruženje. Komunikacija između uređaja i servera je implementirana pomoću MQTT protokola po Sparkplug specifikaciji, koji je ujedno i jedan od sve češće korišćenih protokola u IoT tehnologijama.
ПРОЦЕНА РИЗИКА ОД ПОПЛАВА ЗА ОБЈЕКАТ ЦЕНТРАЛНА ЗГРАДА УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА У НОВОМ САДУ
Authors: Веселиновић Вања Марија , Шупић Слободан
Published: October 2023

У оквиру рада извршена је процена ризика од катастрофа за објекат Централна зграда Универзитета у Новом Саду. Проценом је извршена анализа ризика од поплава и њен утицај по штићене вредности: живот и здравље људи, економију/еколо­гију и критичну инфраструктуру. Процена ризика од катастрофа за предметни објекат, извршена је у складу са смерницама датим у Методологији за про­цену ризика од катастрофа за привредна друштва и друга правна лица.
ANALIZA EFEKATA ENERGETSKI EFIKASNIH MERA NAKON SPROVEDENE REVITALIZACIJE ŠKOLSKOG OBJEKTA
Authors: Parabucki Minja
Published: October 2023

U radu je izvršena analiza potrošnje toplotne i električne osnovne škole u kojoj su već izvršene mere za povećanje energetske efikasnosti. Poređenje je vršeno za podatke iz perioda pre i nakon rekonstrukcije u nekoliko varijanti proračuna koje su dobijene korišćenjem različitih softvera i korišćenje podataka o realnoj potroš­nji objekta, sa dodatno urađenom tehno-ekonomskom analizom.
MOGUĆNOST PRIMENE EKSERGETSKE ANALIZE U ENERGETICI
Authors: Hovanec Luka , Stepanov Borivoj
Published: October 2023

Cilj rada je da se analizira koncept eksergije, daju osnove pojma eksergije i eksergetske analize, i prikažu primeri eksergetske analize. U prvom delu rada dati su osnovni pojmovi koji su potrebni za razumevanje eksergije. Kao što su: nepovratnosti, fizička i hemijska eksergija, okolina itd. Primer eksergetske analize dat je za parno-turbinsko i gasno-turbinsko postrojenje. Kotao je najveći izvor eksergetskih gubitaka, njegova eksergijska efikasnost je samo  = 0,4306. Najveći izvor nepovratnosti odnosno gubitaka eksergije u gasno-turbinskom postrojenju jeste komora za sagorevanje. Cilj ovoga jeste dati dobar uvid u to kako se eksergetska analiza izvodi kao i izdvojiti najbitnije zaključke i time unaprediti shvatanje značaja eksergetske analize.
Hubungan Antara Prokrastinasi Akademik Terhadap Perilaku Menyontek Siswa SMA Islam Sudirman Tanggungharjo
Authors: Apriliana Via , Dini Rakhmawati  , Farikha Wahyu Lestari
Published: October 2023

Perilaku menyontek sudah menjadi permasalahan yang umum didalam sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan prokrastinasi akademik dengan perilaku menyontek siswa. Penelitian ini termasuk pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain korelasional. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh siswa SMA Islam Sudirman Jumlah Siswa tersebut adalah 191. Pada penelitian ini yang diambil yaitu 30 untuk tryout dan 161 untuk posttest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang “Hubungn Antara Prokrastinasi Akademik Terhadap Perilaku Menyontek Siswa SMA Islam Sudirman Tanggungharjo” dapat simpulkan bahwa perilaku menyontek siswa di SMA Islam Sudirman Tanggungharjo memiliki tingkat kategori tinggi dengan persentase 82%. Sementara prokrastinasi akademik siswa di SMA Islam Sudirman Tanggungharjo pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 72%. Berdasarkan intepretasi koefisien korelasi di atas maka nilai adalah 0,933 berada pada hubungan yang sangat kuat sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa prokrastinasi akademik dengan perilaku menyontek memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat. Sehingga Siswa harus memiliki prokrastinasi akademik negatif karena akan mempengaruhi perilaku menyonteknya.
Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) Sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Todingan Yelfiani Li'lak , Hajrah Hajrah , Rusli Rolan
Published: October 2023

Red ginger and emprit ginger are plants that are known to have flavonoid compounds with various benefits including antioxidants. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid levels of the ethyl acetate fraction of red ginger and emprit ginger and the IC50 value using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil) method. The highest level of total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate fraction in red ginger was 4,434 mgQE/g extract while in ginger emprit was 11,072 mgQE/g extract. The combination of the ethyl acetate fraction of red ginger and emprit ginger showed very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 19,027 ppm (1:1 combination), 17,649 ppm (1:2 combination), and 13,711 ppm (2:1 combination).
Revealing the biochemical profile and antioxidant activity of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.)
Authors: Louis Infant Richard Joseph , Balamurugan Mohanapriya , Periasamy Meenakshi , Adhimoolam Karthikeyan , Mallaian Vaithiyalingan , Nallusamy Saranya , Natesan Senthil
Published: October 2023

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a traditional millet crop extensively cultivated in Asia, particularly India and Africa. The crop is grown in adverse environmental conditions and resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the grains are prized for their higher nutritional value than major cereals. In the present study, biochemical components and antioxidant activity were examined in grains of four kodo millet cultivars and compared with rice. Results showed that four kodo millet cultivars had higher amylose content (14.8-29.66%), protein (7.1-9.7%), polyphenol (446.29-553.07 mg GAE/100 g), and elevated antioxidant activity (44.29-87.5 inhibition %) than rice cultivars. Also, we obtained a strong positive correlation between starch, amylose, protein content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC). Notably, among the kodo millet cultivars, ATL 1 and CO 3 exhibited high amylose, protein, antioxidants, and phenolic content levels. Collectively, the information obtained in our study provides useful information to improve the targeted traits in kodo millet breeding programs.
The Regulation of Legal Responsibility: Illegal Logging Perpetrators in Indonesia and Nigeria
Authors: Akhmaddhian Suwari , Okolie Ugo Chuks , Hidayat Sarip , Andriyani Yani , Tiaranita Intan
Published: October 2023

The study aims to analyze the offenders of illegal logging in Indonesia and Nigeria from its legal liability regulations. The study employed an socio-legal approach involving literary analyses on legal materials used─the statutory regulations, scientific journals and other pertinent documents. The results shows that legal responsibility for illegal logging perpetrators  in Indonesia are under the Law on Forestry, the Law on Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction, and the Law on Cipta Kerja. In Nigeria, it is governed by several states, such as the Edo State Forestry (Amendment) Law 2002; Cross River State Forestry Commission Law 2010; and Taraba State Forestry Law 2010. Finally, the legal responsibility for illegal logging has been established in both countries.  Accordingly, the indonesian government is suggested to disseminate the latest laws and regulations, so that the public and corporations are aware of them. Meanwhile, Nigerian government is expected to immediately issue nationwide legislation on illegal logging, so that law enforcement is not relied solely on the requirements of each state
Legal Responsibility for Environmental Damage Caused by Russian and Ukrainan Wars: International Humanitarian and Criminal Law Perspectives
Authors: Romdoni Rafi Nasrulloh Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Not only inflicted human casualities, the war between Russia and Ukraine, also injured the environment. Russia's discriminating attacks on essential objects such as gas, energy, oil, and mining infrastructure become the most significant root cause. UNEP affirmed that the attacks resulted in widespread water, soil and air pollution, as well as a significant deterioration in Ukraine's ecosystem stability. Accordingly, the study intends to examine the framework of international humanitarian and criminal law, specifically in terms of enviromental protection, as well as to analyze accountability before the International Criminal Court. The study employed doctrinal method involving a statutory and conceptual approach. In this case, relevant legal instruments such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols,  as well as the Rome Statute, were being examined. Furthermore, the study is also certified by the evolution of legal doctrines in books, jounals, and other credible sources. According to the findings,  humanitarian law, which is underpinned by customary international law,  protects the environment slightly better than international criminal law. In short, the state bears multiple duties for environmental damage caused by the outbreak of war. Individual accountability before the ICC, on the other hand, is being overlooked. It is due to the Rome Statute's flaws, which include vagueness in the formulation of the articles,  stringent standards for proof of environmental damage, and bias in proving mens rea. As a result, improvements in the enforcement of international crimes (war crimes and related types) that cause environmental damage are urgently required
Fransa’daki Afrikalı Göçmenlerde Sosyal Dışlanma ve Göçmen Hareketi: Athena Filmi Bağlamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: KAYA TİLBE Fethiye , TİLBE Ali
Published: October 2023

Fransa’da eşit yurttaşlık haklarından yoksun olduğunu düşünen göçmenler ile güvenlik güçleri arasındaki çatışma hem olgusal gerçeklikte hem de sinemaya yansımasıyla kurguda çokça yer almaktadır. Athena (2022) filmi de Paris’in bir kurmaca yörekentinde (banliyö) Cezayir kökenli Fransız 13 yaşında bir çocuğun polis kurşunu ile öldürülmesi iddiası üzerine başlayan başkaldırı ve isyan sürecinin öyküsünü seyirciyle buluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, “sinemanın toplumun bir sunumu” olduğu ve göçmenlerin de göç edilen ülkelerde dezavantajlı topluluklardan birisi olarak geniş toplum tarafından dışlandığı ve toplumsal uyum ve bütünleşme sorunsalının karşılıklı çatışmaya yol açtığı varsayımıyla Athena filmini sosyal dışlanma bağlamında tematik analiz yöntemiyle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Fransız toplumundaki kırılma ve ayrışmanın nedenleri konusunda gerçekliği ıskalayan zayıflığına karşın film, göçmenler tarafından farklı alanlarda deneyimlenen sosyal dışlanma ve ayrımcılığın denetlenemeyen öfkeye yol açtığını ve karşılıklı oluşan şiddet sarmalının ölümcül çatışma ve sonuçlar doğurabileceğini tüm açıklığıyla göstermektedir.
On Solving Concurrent Process Problem in Process-Oriented Programs
Authors: Permiashkin D. A.
Published: October 2023

Prevailing portion of the factories and manufacturers are controlled by programming microcontrollers in the modern world. And the portion keeps growing which is closely tied to processes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Precisely, with an idea of fully automated manufactures to help humans to make less decisions and make them faster. Or to exclude humans from the decision making process at all. Due to that, there is a need for the controlling algorithms which should react to the different events, be aware of the external world and be tolerant to both internal and hardware failures. There is a process-oriented paradigm which was developed in Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS and suits perfectly for automatization of such algorithms. This is achieved by splitting the algorithm into huge amounts of the small parallel processes highly tied to the elements of the real world. Which is how real processes on real manufactures work. This is where the conflicts during concurrent programming appear. And because there is a fault tolerance requirement there is a need to solve those conflicts. This work presents the analysis of already existing solutions to the conflicts during concurrent programming with the goal of either reusing those solutions in process-oriented programming or adapting them to it. As a result, there is an answer on how effective the process-oriented paradigm is in solving those kinds of conflicts and how fault tolerant those programs are.
Using of neural networks to search for errors of patient's positioning on chest X-rays
Authors: Васильев Юрий Александрович , Владзимирский Антон Вячеславович , Омелянская Ольга Васильевна , Семенов Серафим Сергеевич , Арзамасов Кирилл Михайлович , Борисов Александр Александрович
Published: October 2023

В работе представлены результаты применения трансферного обучения
глубоких сверточных нейронных сетей для задачи поиска рентгенограмм
органов грудной клетки с нарушениями укладки и позиционирования
пациента. Оцениваемые нейросетевые архитектуры: InceptionV3, Xception,
ResNet152V2, InceptionResNetV2, DenseNet201, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNetV2,
NASNetLarge. Для обучения и тестирования использовались рентгенограммы
грудной клетки, полученные из открытых наборов данных и Единого
радиологического информационного сервиса города Москвы. Все полученные
модели имели метрики диагностической точности выше 95%, при этом модели
на основе архитектур ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, VGG16, MobileNetV2 имели
статистически значимо лучшие метрики, чем другие модели. Наилучшие
абсолютные значения метрик показала модель ResNet152V2 (AUC =0.999
,чувствительность=0.987, специфичность=0.988, общая валидность =0.988,
F1 мера = 0.988). Модель MobileNetV2 показала наилучшую скорость
обработки одного исследования
(

67.8±5.0

ms). Широкое использование полученных нами алгоритмов способно облегчить
создание больших баз данных качественных медицинских изображений, а
также оптимизировать контроль качества при выполнении
рентгенографических исследований органов грудной клетки.
Grey zones in respiratory cytology: Atypical or suspicious for malignancy and neoplasms of unknown malignant potential
Authors: Layfield Lester J.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of pulmonary cytology is two-fold. First, to establish whether a pulmonary nodule is benign or malignant. Second, pulmonary cytology should classify the type of pathologic process present. When a pulmonary nodule is characterized as malignant, it is of high importance to further classify the malignancy as to type, with non-small cell carcinomas being sub-divided into adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and other types of non-small cell carcinoma. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (WHORSLC) provides an important framework for reporting and classifying material obtained by cytologic techniques, including sputum analysis, bronchial brushings, bronchial washings, and fine-needle aspiration. The system contains five categories for specimen reporting. Clinicians prefer definitive diagnoses separating specimens into definitively benign or definitively malignant categories. The WHORSLC recognizes that it is not invariably possible for cytopathologists to separate specimens into definitively benign or definitively malignant categories. The five categories of the WHORSLC recognize the spectrum of cytologic changes running from clearly benign to clearly malignant, which cytopathologists must place into diagnostically useful and reproduceable categories. The intermediate categories of “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy” provide structured categories with stringent definitions, estimated malignancy risks, and suggested management and follow-up recommendations. In this way, the categories “atypical” and “suspicious for malignancy” aid in maintaining the high diagnostic accuracy of the “benign” and “malignant” categories.
Cytomorphology of mesenchymal lesions in a tertiary care centre and its correlation with histopathology
Authors: Shahab Juhi , Maheshwari Rashi , Singh Mukul , Sharma Rohit , Ahluwalia Charanjeet , Zaheer Sufian , Ahuja Sana
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive method for sampling a heterogenous lesion. It is one of the first-line investigations in the evaluation of soft tissue tumours. However, the heterogeneity of mesenchymal lesions pose a challenge to the cytological diagnosis. The present study aims at evaluation of the cytomorphological findings of mesenchymal lesions on FNAC along with their histopathological correlation.

Material and Methods:

This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 1 year from January 2021 to January 2022. All the patients of cytologically diagnosed mesenchymal lesions on their FNA aspirates were included in the study. Cytomorphology of the May Grunwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou stained slides were examined and correlated with clinical and histopathological details wherever available.

Results:

Out of the 90 patients, 69 (76.7%) were males and 21 (23.3%) were females. Maximum number of cases were in 4–5th decade of life. The lower limb was found to be the most common site (57.8%) for the mesenchymal lesions. Majority of the cases on FNA in our study were found to be benign – 79 (87.8%), while only 11 cases were malignant (12.2%). On cytological examination, spindle cell lesions were most common followed by adipocytic lesions. Based on the cyto-histological correlation, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of mesenchymal lesion was 78.6%, 100%, 92.5%, 100% and 94.1% respectively.

Conclusion:

FNAC is a simple and minimally invasive tool that plays an important role in triaging patients with good specificity and sensitivity.
Movement and thinking
Authors: Пальцын А.А. , Свиридкина Н.Б.
Published: October 2023

Мозг – мышление управляет активностью мышц, всеми видами движений тела. Постоянный и достаточный объем двигательной и когнитивной (связанной и несвязанной с движением) активности – обязательное условие сохранения физического (двигательного) и когнитивного здоровья. Таким образом, для того, чтобы человек успешно двигался и разумно мыслил следует на протяжении всей жизни сочетать оба вида активности на высоком, но не разрушительном уровне , c обязательным учетом возрастных изменений когниции и моторики. Чем гармоничнее будет сочетание – тем успешнее по качеству и продолжительности жизни будет организм.

The brain, i.e., thinking, controls the muscle activity and all kinds of body movements. Constant and sufficient motor and cognitive (movement-related and -unrelated) activity is a prerequisite for maintaining physical (motor) and cognitive health. Thus, for a person, in order to move successfully and think rationally, both types of activity should be combined throughout life at a high, but not destructive level, with an obligatory consideration of age-related changes in cognition and motor skills. The more harmonious the combination is, the more successful the body will be in terms of the quality of life and life expectancy.
Effect of intravenous administration of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β on the chemoreceptor control of respiration
Authors: Данилова Г.A. , Александров В.Г. , Александрова Н.П.
Published: October 2023

Введение. Интерлейкин-1бета (ИЛ-1β) играет ведущую роль в индуцировании цитокинового шторма, являясь ключевым цитокином управляющим развитием провоспалительной активности при повреждении легких. Цель исследования – изучение механизмов влияния ИЛ-1β на хеморецепторный контроль дыхания. Методика. Исследование проведено на 32 наркотизированных трахеостомированных спонтанно дышащих крысах. Регистрация параметров внешнего дыхания производилась пневмотахографическим методом. Для оценки вентиляционной реакции на гипоксию использовался метод возвратного дыхания. Для оценки влияния ИЛ-1β на хеморецепторный контроль дыхания производилось сравнительное исследование вентиляционного ответа на гипоксию при повышении содержания ИЛ-1β в циркуляторном русле и при сочетанном действии ИЛ-1β и диклофенака – ингибитора циклооксигеназной активности. Результаты. Показано, что внутривенное введение ИЛ-1β вызывает статистически значимое снижение вентиляционного ответа на гипоксическую стимуляцию, ослабляя тем самым компенсаторные возможности системы внешнего дыхания. Ингибирование циклооксигеназной активности устраняет влияние ИЛ-1β на гипоксический вентиляционный ответ. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют предполагать, что активация циклооксигеназных путей может быть одним из основных механизмов влияния провоспалительных цитокинов на рефлекторный контроль дыхания.

Background. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a leading role in inducing cytokine storm, since it is the key cytokine that is responsible for the development of the proinflammatory activity in lung injury. Aim. To study the mechanisms of the effect of IL-1β on the chemoreceptor control of respiration. To achieve that, the ventilatory response to hypoxia in the presence of increased blood concentration of IL-1β was compared with the hypoxic response in the presence of a combination of IL-1β and diclofenac, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity. Methods. The study was performed on 32 anesthetized and tracheostomized, spontaneously breathing rats. Respiratory parameters were recorded with a pneumotachograph. To assess the hypoxic ventilatory response, the rebreathing technique was used. Results. The intravenous administration of IL-1β induced a significant decrease in the ventilatory response to hypoxic stimulation, thereby weakening the compensatory capabilities of the respiratory system. The inhibition of the cyclooxygenase activity abolished the effect of IL-1β on the hypoxic ventilatory response. Conclusion. The study suggests that the activation of the cyclooxygenase pathways is one of the main mechanisms of the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the reflex control of breathing.
Electrochemical characterization of electrolyte purity for CO2 reduction studies
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Marx Melissa , Tegomoh Modeste , Co Anne
Published: October 2023

In this work, we put forward a simple electrochemical approach to conveniently determine the purity of the electrolyte solution which improves the reproducibility and reliability of electrochemical CO2 reduction data such that experimental outcomes can be readily compared across research groups. The method uses a polycrystalline Au electrode as a probe to detect electrolyte impurities that can readily be adsorbed to surfaces even when ultrahigh-purity (99.999%) commercial chemicals are used as received. Herein, we show how the extent of trace contamination alters the measured activity during CO2 reduction and demonstrate electrochemical methods to capture these trace contaminants, such that CO2 reduction activity can be reproduced reliably.
Emerging hyperfluorescent emitters for solid-state lighting
Authors: BEHERA SANTOSH KUMAR , Costa Rubén
Published: October 2023

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are of high interest for display, biomedical, and solid-state lighting applications. But costs and color purity are still issues with OLED technology. The development of triplet harvesting emitters with a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism mends these problems to some extent, owing to their ability to produce both singlet and triplet excitons. In addition, the recent development of hyperfluorescent OLEDs (HF-OLED) based on TADF and fluorescence emitter couples have attracted a lot of attention, realizing high efficiency, good stability, and narrow emission. In this mini-review, we comprehensively documented the molecular design principles of hyperfluorescence emitters, their fundamental photophysics, and the advances in their applications in OLEDs. Finally, the future perspectives of hyperfluorescence emitters and OLEDs are envisaged.
Diaporphasines E and F: New polyketides from the saprotrophic fungus Lachnum sp. IW157 growing on the reed grass Phragmites communis
Authors: Phutthacharoen Kunthida , Khalid Syeda , Schrey Hedda , Hyde Kevin , Stadler Marc , Ebada Sherif S.
Published: October 2023

Chemical investigation of the mycelial extract of a saprotrophic fungus Lachnum sp. IW157 growing on the common reed grass Phragmites communis afforded the identification of two polyketide metabolites diaporphasines E (1) and F (2). Chemical structures of isolated compounds were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses in addition to their high-resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory activities. While compound 1 revealed potent cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines L929 and KB3.1 with IC50 values of 0.9 and 3.7 µM, respectively, compound 2 exhibited moderate effects on the formation of S. aureus biofilms at 31.25 µg/mL.
Rapid glycan labelling with fluorogenic molecular rotor dyes and nucleic acid stains responding to changes of the cell surface
Authors: Kocak Alen , Homer Amal , Feida Antonia , Telschow Florian , Gorenflos Jacob , Hackenberger Christian , Alexiev Ulrike , Seitz Oliver
Published: October 2023

Herein, we introduce a dual-labelling technique for covalent modification of cell surfaces with viscosity-sensitive and viscosity-insensitive fluorescent dyes. For this purpose, we combined an improved method for chemical reactions at sialic acid residues with fluorescent molecular rotor (FMR) dyes and a dye commonly used to stain nucleic acids. Fluorescence of FMR dyes increases with increasing viscosity providing options for detecting changes of cell surface viscosity during disease and therapeutic intervention. The method involves mild periodate oxidation of cell surface glycans followed by organocatalysed dye conjugation. Both steps are performed within a total of 15 min at 25 °C, avoiding cold stress of cells. We show that FMR dyes such as 9-(2-Carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine (CCVJ) or Cyanine 3 (Cy3) and the nucleic acid stain thiazole orange (TO) emit sufficiently strong signals to allow fluorescence microscopy imaging of surfaces of A549, HeLa and CEM cells. We demonstrate that the fluorescence of CCVJ and TO on cell surface glycans and isolated mucin is influenced by the action of the disulfide-cleaving agent TCEP. Co-labelling of cells with CCVJ and an environmentally insensitive AF568 dye revealed a TCEP-induced decrease in the intensity CCVJ fluorescence, which did not occur when the dye was studied in glycerol solution, consistent with a decrease of the fluorescence lifetime determined by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This indicates that glycan-bound FMR dyes respond to changes in friction that hinder dye intramolecular rotation, potentially enabling the detection of viscosity variations in cell surface layers.
Continuous Real-Time Detection of Serotonin using Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Ahmad Habib M. N. , Andrade Arturo , Song Edward
Published: October 2023

Serotonin (5-HT) is a critical neurotransmitter involved in many neuronal functions, and 5-HT depletion has been linked to several mental diseases. The fast release and clearance of serotonin in the extracellular space, low analyte concentrations and a multitude of interfering species make detection of serotonin challenging. This work presents an electrochemical aptamer-based biosensing platform that can monitor 5-HT continuously with high sensitivity and selectivity. Our electrochemical sensor showed a response time of approximately 1 minute to a step change in the serotonin concentration (from 0 to 25 nM) in continuous monitoring using single frequency EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) technique. The developed sensing platform was able to detect 5-HT in the range 25 nM – 100 nM in the continuous sample fluid flow. The electrochemical sensor showed promising selectivity against other species with similar chemical structures and redox potentials including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), L-tryptophan (L-TP), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The proposed sensing platform is able to achieve time resolution on the order of a minute with high selectivity in the nanomolar range demonstrating a potential for monitoring serotonin from neurons in organ-on-a-chip or brain-on-a-chip-based platforms.
HydraScreen: A Generalizable Structure-Based Deep Learning Approach to Drug Discovery
Authors: Prat Alvaro , Abdel Aty Hisham , Kamuntavicius Gintautas , Paquet Tanya , Norvaisas Povilas , Gasparotto Piero , Tal Roy
Published: October 2023

We propose HydraScreen, a deep-learning framework for safe and robust accelerated drug discovery. HydraScreen utilizes a state-of-the-art 3D convolutional neural network, designed for the effective representation of molecular structures and interactions in protein-ligand binding. We design an end-to-end pipeline for high-throughput screening and lead optimization, targeting applications in structure-based drug design. We assess our approach using established public benchmarks based on the CASF 2016 core set, achieving top-tier results in affinity and pose prediction (Pearson's r = 0.86, RMSE = 1.15, Top-1 = 0.95). We introduce a novel approach for interaction profiling, aimed at detecting potential biases within both the model and datasets. This approach not only enhances interpretability but also reinforces the impartiality of our methodology. Finally, we demonstrate HydraScreen's ability to generalize effectively across novel proteins and ligands through a temporal split. We also provide insights into potential avenues for future development aimed at enhancing the robustness of machine learning scoring functions. HydraScreen, accessible at https://hydrascreen.ro5.ai, provides a user-friendly GUI and a public API, facilitating easy-access assessment of protein–ligand complexes.
Learning Intermolecular Electronic Coupling from a Molecular-Orbital-Pair-based Descriptor
Authors: Deng Jingheng , Bai Shuming
Published: October 2023

In this work, we proposed a graphic molecular-orbital-pair-based descriptor to predict intermolecular electronic couplings (ECs). We transform the numeric grid points data of the molecular orbitals (MOs) involved in the charge or energy transfer process by reducing the thousands of grid points to a few points based on the lobes of MO. The simplified representation consists of two parts, the integral value over the space and the coordinates of centroid of each lobe. To express the intermolecular interaction for a donor-acceptor pair, each simplified MO representation from the donor is paired to the one from the acceptor. Then, the obtained MO-pair representation is the descriptor for learning the intermolecular ECs, including hole transfer (HT), electron transfer (ET) and Dexter energy transfer (DET) coupling, with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. The accuracy of our model reached at a promising level of 0.1~5 meV comparing with the quantum chemistry calculations. The data size dependence tests shows that our model has exhibited good ability on low-shot learning. Therefore, the graphic MO-pair-based descriptor has been proved to be capable to characterize MO interaction features.
Accessibility Study of Porous Materials at the Single Particle Level as Evaluated within a Microfluidic Chip with Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Broccoli Alessia , Carnevale Luca , Mayorga-González Rafael , Dorresteijn Joren M. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Olthuis Wouter , Odijk Mathieu , Meirer Florian
Published: October 2023

Understanding the mass transfer phenomena taking place in solid catalysts, batteries, fuel cells, and adsorbents is essential to improve their performances. Uptake experiments of ultraviolet-active or fluorescent probes represent a direct way to directly provide an accessibility measure of porous particles. We propose a new method to evaluate the accessibility of functional porous materials at the single-particle level. A multiplexed microfluidic device and a fluorescence microscope are employed to assess the uptake of fluorescent molecules in porous particles over time. The device allows for performing multiple uptake experiments in parallel, enabling the comparison of different particles under the same conditions. We showcase the method by studying the diffusion and adsorption properties of a dye in different silica model particles. The approach allows for probing interparticle heterogeneity in accessibility and accessible surface area as well as the dependence of these parameters on electrostatic interactions between the particle and the probe molecules.
Unraveling the Origin of Unusual Shift in the Electroluminescence of 1D CsCu2I3 Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kuruppu Udara M. , Rahman Mohammad A , GANGISHETTY MAHESH K
Published: October 2023

Lead-free low-dimensional copper-based metal halides are promising luminescent materials for broadband LEDs owing to their broad self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. However, recently in 1D CsCu2I3, a discrepancy between their electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) has been observed. As a result, the overall output color from LEDs is significantly different than the anticipated emission. To unveil the origin of this discrepancy, here, we provide comprehensive analyses and show that the shift in the EL is neither caused by any structural/optical interactions between CsCu2I3 and electron transport layers (ETL) nor by the degradation of 1D CsCu2I3. Instead, it depends on the carrier imbalance on CsCu2I3, mainly due to the difference in electron mobility of the ETLs and the electron density on the CsCu2I3 layer. By varying the ETLs, different colored 1D CsCu2I3 LEDs with peaks at 556 nm, 590 nm, and 620 nm are fabricated, and a maximum luminance of over 2000 Cd/m2 is achieved for a 556 nm LED. Further, by limiting the electron mobility and injection to 1D CsCu2I3 using an insulating LiF layer at the CsCu2I3/ETL interface, more red-shifted LEDs are achieved confirming the critical role of electron density on the EL characteristics of 1D CsCu2I3.
An exfoliable transition metal chalcogenide semiconductor NbSe2I2
Authors: Qu Kejian , Zhang Yue , Peng Cheng , Riedel Zachary W. , Won Juyeon , Zhang Rong , Woods Toby J. , Devereaux Thomas P. , van der Zande Arend M. , Shoemaker Daniel P.
Published: October 2023

As the field of exfoliated van der Waals electronics grows to include complex heterostructures, the variety of available in-plane symmetries and geometries becomes increasingly valuable. In this work, we present an efficient chemical vapor transport synthesis of NbSe2I2 with triclinic space group P-1. This material contains Nb–Nb dimers and an inplane crystallographic angle γ = 61.3◦. We show that NbSe2I2 can be exfoliated down to few-layer and mono-layer structures and used Raman spectroscopy to test the preservation of crystal structure of exfoliated thin films. The crystal structure was verified by singlecrystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculations show triclinic NbSe2I2 to be a semiconductor with a band gap of around 1 eV, with similar band structure features for bulk and mono-layer crystals. The physical properties of NbSe2I2 have been characterized by transport, thermal, optical, and magnetic measurements, demonstrating triclinic NbSe2I2 to be a diamagnetic semiconductor that does not exhibit any phase transformation below room temperature.
Synergistic effect of antagonists to KRas4B/PDE6 molecular complex in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Briseño-Díaz Paola , Schnoor Michael , Bello-Ramirez Martiniano , Correa-Basurto Jose , Rojo-Domínguez Arturo , Arregui Leticia , Vega Libia , Núñez-González Enrique , Palau-Hernández Luis Andres , Parra-Torres Carlos Guadalupe , García Córdova Óscar Manuel , Zepeda-Castilla Ernesto , Torices-Escalante Eduardo , Domínguez-Camacho Leticia , Xoconostle-Cazares Beatriz , Meraz-Ríos Marco Antonio , Delfín-Azuara Sandra , Carrión-Estrada Dayan Andrea , Villegas-Sepúlveda Nicolas , Hernández-Rivas Rosaura , Thompson-Bonilla Maria del Rocio , Vargas Miguel
Published: October 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis among all human cancers as it is highly resistant to chemotherapy. K-Ras mutations usually trigger the development and progression of PDAC. We hypothesized that compounds stabilizing the KRas4B/PDE6δ complex could serve as PDAC treatments. Using in silico approaches, we identified the small molecules C14 and P8 that reduced K-Ras activation in primary PDAC cells. Importantly, C14 and P8 significantly prevented tumor growth in patient-derived xenotransplants. Combined treatment with C14 and P8 strongly increased cytotoxicity in PDAC cell lines and primary cultures and showed strong synergistic antineoplastic effects in preclinical murine PDAC models that were superior to conventional therapeutics without causing side effects. Mechanistically, C14 and P8 reduced tumor growth by inhibiting AKT and ERK signaling downstream of K-RAS leading to apoptosis, specifically in PDAC cells. Thus, combined treatment with C14 and P8 may be a superior pharmaceutical strategy to improve the outcome of PDAC.
The highly improved genome ofIxodes scapulariswith X and Y pseudochromosomes
Authors: Nuss Andrew B , Lomas Johnathan S , Reyes Jeremiah B , Garcia-Cruz Omar , Lei Wenlong , Sharma Arvind , Pham Michael N , Beniwal Saransh , Swain Mia L , McVicar Molly , Hinne Isaac Amankona , Zhang Xingtan , Yim Won C , Gulia-Nuss Monika
Published: October 2023

Ixodes scapularis, the black-legged tick, is the principal vector of the Lyme disease spirochete,Borrelia burgdorferi, and is responsible for most of the ∼470,000 estimated Lyme disease cases annually in the USA.Ixodes scapulariscan transmit six additional pathogens of human health significance. Because of its medical importance,I. scapulariswas the first tick genome to be sequenced and annotated. However, the first assembly,I. scapularisWikel (IscaW), was highly fragmented because of the technical challenges posed by the long, repetitive genome sequences characteristic of arthropod genomes and the lack of long-read sequencing techniques. AlthoughI. scapularishas emerged as a model for tick research because of the availability of new tools such as embryo injection and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing yet the lack of chromosome-scale scaffolds has slowed progress in tick biology and the development of tools for their control. Here we combine diverse technologies to produce theI. scapularisGulia-Nuss (IscGN) genome assembly and gene set. We used DNA from eggs and male and female adult ticks and took advantage of Hi-C, PacBio HiFi sequencing, and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies to produce a chromosome-level assembly. In this work, we present the predicted pseudochromosomes consisting of 13 autosomes and the sex pseudochromosomes: X and Y, and a markedly improved genome annotation compared with the existing assemblies and annotations.
Fn14 promotes myoblast fusion during regenerative myogenesis
Authors: Tomaz da Silva Meiricris , Joshi Aniket S , Castillo Micah B , Koike Tatiana E , Roy Anirban , Gunaratne Preethi H , Kumar Ashok
Published: October 2023

Skeletal muscle regeneration involves coordinated activation of an array of signaling pathways. Fibroblast growth factor–inducible 14 (Fn14) is a bona fide receptor for the TWEAK cytokine. Levels of Fn14 are increased in the skeletal muscle of mice after injury. However, the cell-autonomous role of Fn14 in muscle regeneration remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that global deletion of the Fn14 receptor in mice attenuates muscle regeneration. Conditional ablation of Fn14 in myoblasts but not in differentiated myofibers of mice inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration. Fn14 promotes myoblast fusion without affecting the levels of myogenic regulatory factors in the regenerating muscle. Fn14 deletion in myoblasts hastens initial differentiation but impairs their fusion. The overexpression of Fn14 in myoblasts results in the formation of myotubes having an increased diameter after induction of differentiation. Ablation of Fn14 also reduces the levels of various components of canonical Wnt and calcium signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Forced activation of Wnt signaling rescues fusion defects in Fn14-deficient myoblast cultures. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Fn14-mediated signaling positively regulates myoblast fusion and skeletal muscle regeneration.
Konsekwencje stosowania nakładek na złączach spawanych
Authors: Wojsyk Kwiryn , Nawrocki Jerzy
Published: October 2023

W artykule odniesiono się do wcześniejszej publikacji dotyczącej nakładek wzmacniających na złączach spawanych. W tym kontekście przypominano główne zasady projektowania konstrukcji spawanych. W celu weryfikacji zasady o nie stosowaniu nakładek na spoinach wykonano symulację MES takiego modelu.
Storytelling workshop to encourage stakeholder engagement with the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Fuentes-Alabí Soad , Carpenter Kendall , Shea Meghan , Vásquez Liliana , Benitez Majano Sara , Maza Mauricio , Luciani Silvana , Albanti Irini
Published: October 2023

Storytelling can enhance stakeholder engagement and support the implementation of the World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization’s (PAHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, which aims to improve care globally for children with cancer. The Initiative aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, addressing health, education, inequalities and international collaboration. This report describes the design and implementation of a workshop that used storytelling through film to encourage stakeholders in national cancer control plans to engage with the Initiative in its focal countries in Central America, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. A six-step process was used to develop the virtual workshop hosted by PAHO: (i) define the audience; (ii) define the goals of storytelling; (iii) build an appropriate storyline, including choosing a platform and content, and addressing group dynamics and the length of the film; (iv) guide the workshop’s design and implementation with current theoretical frameworks, including the Socioecological Model of Health and the Theory of Change; (v) design interactive group exercises; and (vi) disseminate workshop results. The skills-building component of the day-long workshop included 80 representatives from eight countries in the Region of the Americas, with participants representing pediatric oncology, hospital administration, ministries of health, nonprofit foundations, the scientific community and public health organizations. Outputs from the workshop included (i) a summary report, (ii) an empathy word cloud with live reactions from participants, (iii) qualitative responses (i.e. quotes from participants), (iv) stakeholders’ analyses and (v) a prioritization matrix for country-level strategic activities that could be undertaken to strengthen health systems when caring for children with cancer. The workshop used storytelling through film to try to reduce health inequalities and have a regional impact. Combining art, public health and medicine, the workshop created positive change by sharing real-life experiences. Commitment was fostered among stakeholders through their engagement with the workshop, which aimed to increase their awareness of the need and advocacy to improve health systems and enhance access to health care for this vulnerable population.
The effects of context-based learning on students' attitudes towards course and motivation: A review based on meta-analysis
Authors: Özgür Tutal
Published: October 2023

Context-based learning is an instructional approach that prioritizes the use of real-world contexts and authentic situations to create meaningful learning experiences for students. Numerous individual studies conducted in Turkey have explored the impact of context-based learning on students' attitudes towards the course and motivation, which are essential aspects of learning outcomes. However, these individual studies reported varying effect sizes concerning the effectiveness of context-based learning. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the overall impact, this review aimed to conduct a meta-analysis, analyzing the results of experimental and quasi-experimental studies on the effect of context-based learning on students' attitudes towards the course and motivation. From the 176 studies initially identified through a literature search, 17 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were coded and analyzed for attitudes towards the course and ten studies for motivation variables. The results of the meta-analysis indicated a moderate overall effect size for the effectiveness of context-based learning on students' attitudes towards the course (g = 0.549) and a modest overall effect size for motivation (g = 0.450). These effect sizes are noteworthy in educational research, suggesting that context-based learning is more effective in enhancing students' attitudes towards the course and motivation compared to traditional education processes. The findings of this meta-analysis underscore the significance of incorporating context-based learning strategies into educational practices. By integrating real-world contexts into the learning process, educators can foster more meaningful and engaging learning experiences, leading to improved attitudes and motivation among students.