bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of COVID-19 Lockdown with Gestational Length and Preterm Birth in China
Authors: Dong Moran , Qian Rui , Wang Jiaqi , Fan Jingjie , Ye Yufeng , Zhou He , Win Brian , Reid Eve , Zheng Suijin , Lv Yanyun , Pu Yudong , Chen Hanwei , Jin Juan , Lin Qingmei , Luo Xiaoyang , Chen Guimin , Chen Yumeng , He Zhongrong , He Guanhao , Cheng Shouzhen , Hu Jianxiong , Xiao Jianpeng , Ma Wenjun , Liu Tao , Wen Xiaozhong
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on maternal and fetal health remain unclear. We examined the associations of COVID-19 lockdown with gestational length and preterm birth (PTB) in a Chinese population.MethodsWe obtained medical records of 595396 singleton live infants born between 2015 and 2020 in 5 cities in Guangdong Province, South China. The exposed group (N=101900) included women who experienced the COVID-19 Level I lockdown (1/23-2/24/2020) during pregnancy, while the unexposed group (N=493496) included women who were pregnant during the same calendar months in 2015-2019. Cumulative exposure was calculated based on days exposed to different levels of emergency responses with different weighting. Generalized linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations of lockdown exposure with gestational length and risk of PTB (<37 weeks).ResultsThe exposed group had a shorter mean gestational length than the unexposed group (38.66 vs 38.74 weeks: adjusted β=-0.06 week [95%CI, -0.07, -0.05 week]). The exposed group also had a higher risk of PTB (5.7% vs 5.3%; adjusted OR=1.08 [95%CI, 1.05, 1.11]). These associations seemed to be stronger when exposure occurred before or during the 23rd gestational week (GW) than during or after the 24th GW. Similarly, higher cumulative lockdown exposure was associated with a shorter gestational length and a higher risk of PTB.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown measures were associated with a slightly shorter gestational length and a moderately higher risk of PTB. Early and middle pregnancy periods may be a more susceptible exposure window.
Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?
Authors: Viciedo Dilier Olivera , Prado Renato de Mello , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Habermann Eduardo , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia , Hurtado Alexander Calero , Barreto Rafael Ferreira , Calzada Kolima Peña
Published: June 2021

Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies which investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2°C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement (T‐FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant-organ. In general, we observed that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, we observed that leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2°C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
Predicting Required COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and its Impact in Sierra Leone Using Mathematical models
Authors: Kamara Abdul A. , Kamara Joseph A. L. , Samura Sallieu K.
Published: June 2021

In this article, we predict the required vaccine coverage to eradicate the COVID-19 outbreak in Sierra Leone. We also, investigate the impact of facemask and vaccine coverage on the spread of the COVID-19 virus using a modified symptomatic-asymptomatic infection transmissions Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SLIAR) model. We derived an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number and used it to understand the dynamics of the disease when it is greater than unity. Numerically, we show that 58 per cent of the Sierra Leone national population required vaccination to eradicate the COVID-19 virus. Also, the SLIAR with vaccine model results reveal that the impact of using facemask is very challenging to understand and the vaccine coverage decrease the infected transmission rate but cannot completely eradicate the infection.
Major Abdominal Surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Surgery in Children aged between 10 and 18 years and Postoperative Outcome
Authors: Kumba Claudine
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn a previously conducted monocentric retrospective study, predictors of postoperative outcome in children included American Society of Anesthesiologists score, transfusion, emergency interventions, surgery and age. A study has been undertaken to describe postoperative outcome in patients aged between 10 and 18 years included in the initial study in abdominal surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics.AimsTo describe postoperative outcome in children aged between 10 and 18 years.MethodsSecondary analysis of postoperative outcome in children aged between 10 and 18 years included retrospectively in the initial study of 594 patients. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.ResultsThere were 221 children with a mean age of 165.5±24.3 months in abdominal surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics.16.3% patients had intra-operative or postoperative complications. Intra-operatively, 3.2%had hemorrhagic shock, 0.45% anaphylaxis and 0.45% respiratory failure. Postoperatively,3.2% had neurologic failure, 2.3% respiratory failure, 0.45% cardio-circulatory failure, 0.45%endocrinal failure, 0.45% had hepatic failure, 0.45% multiple organ failure, and 0.45% had renal failure. In-hospital mortality rate was 0.45%.ConclusionThese results emphasize the importance of optimizing intra-operative management in critically ill patients in major surgery with goal directed therapies in order to improve postoperative outcome.
Divalent magnesium restores cytoskeletal storage lesions in cold-stored platelet concentrates
Authors: Aurich Konstanze , Wesche Jan , Ulbricht Martin , Otto Oliver , Greinacher Andreas , Palankar Raghavendra
Published: June 2021

Cold storage of platelet concentrates (PC) has become attractive due to the reduced risk of bacterial proliferation, but in vivo circulation time of cold-stored platelets is reduced. Ca2+ release from storage organelles and higher activity of Ca2+ pumps at temperatures < 15°C triggers cytoskeleton changes. This is suppressed by Mg2+ addition, avoiding a shift in Ca2+ hemostasis and cytoskeletal alterations. We report on the impact of 2–10 mM Mg2+ addition on cytoskeleton alterations of platelets from PC stored at room temperature (RT) or 4°C in additive solution (PAS), 30% plasma. Deformation of platelets was assessed by real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC), a method for biomechanical cell characterization. Deformation was strongly affected by storage at 4°C and preserved by Mg2+ addition ≥ 4 mM Mg2+ (mean ± SD of median deformation 4°C vs. 4°C + 10mM Mg2+ 0.073 ± 0.021 vs. 0.118 ± 0.023, p < 0.01; n = 6, day 7). These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy, showing that Mg2+ ≥ 4mM prevents 4°C storage induced cytoskeletal structure lesion. Standard in vitro platelet function tests showed minor differences between RT and cold-stored platelets. Hypotonic shock response was reduced in cold-stored platelets (45.65 ± 11.59% vs. RT stored platelets 56.38 ± 29.36; p = 0.042) but normal at 4°C + 10 mM Mg2+ (55.22 ± 11.16%, all n = 6, day 1). CD62P expression and platelet aggregation response were similar between RT and 4°C stored platelets, with minor changes in the presence of higher Mg2+ concentrations. In conclusion, increasing Mg2+ up to 10 mM in PAS counteracts 4°C storage lesions in platelets, maintains platelet cytoskeletal integrity and biomechanical properties comparable to RT stored platelets.
Agricultural expansion in African savannas – effects on diversity and composition of trees and mammals
Authors: Tripathi Hemant , Woollen Emily , Carvalho Mariana , Parr Catherine , Ryan Casey
Published: June 2021

Land use change (LUC) is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, the global understanding of LUC's impact on biodiversity is mainly based on comparisons of land use endpoints (habitat vs non-habitat) in forest ecosystems. Hence, it may not generalise to savannas, which are ecologically distinct from forests, as they are inherently patchy, and disturbance adapted. Endpoint comparisons also cannot inform the management of intermediate mosaic landscapes. We aim to address these gaps by investigating species- and community-level responses of mammals and trees along a gradient of small scale agricultural expansion in the miombo woodlands of northern Mozambique. Thus, the case study represents the most common pathway of LUC and biodiversity change in the world's largest savanna. Tree abundance, mammal occupancy, and tree- and mammal-species richness showed a non-linear relationship with agricultural expansion (characterised by the Land Division Index, LDI). These occurrence and diversity metrics increased at intermediate LDI (0.3 to 0.7), started decreasing beyond LDI > 0.7, and underwent high levels of decline at extreme levels of agricultural expansion (LDI > 0.9). Despite similarities in species richness responses, the two taxonomic groups showed contrasting β-diversity patterns in response to increasing LDI: increased dissimilarity among tree communities (heterogenisation) and high similarity among mammals (homogenisation). Our analysis along a gradient of landscape-scale land use intensification allows a novel understanding of the impacts of different levels of land conversion, which can help guide land use and restoration policy. Biodiversity loss in this miombo landscape was lower than would be inferred from existing global syntheses of biodiversity-land use relations for Africa or the tropics, probably because such syntheses take a fully converted landscape as the endpoint. As, currently, most African savanna landscapes are a mosaic of savanna habitats and small scale agriculture, biodiversity loss is probably lower than in current global estimates, albeit with a trend towards further conversion. However, at extreme levels of land use change (LDI > 0.9 or < 15% habitat cover) miombo biodiversity appears to be more sensitive to LUC than inferred from the meta-analyses. To mitigate the worst effects of land use on biodiversity, our results suggest that miombo landscapes should retain > 25% habitat cover and avoid LDI > 0.75 – after which species richness of both groups begin to decline. Our findings indicate that tree diversity may be easier to restore from natural restoration than mammal diversity, which became spatially homogeneous.
In vitro bioassay of antibacterial and antifungal activity studies of actinomycetes from soda lakes of Ethiopia
Authors: Chali Kenesa , Belay Zerihun , Bacha Ketema
Published: June 2021

The ever-increasing spectrum of microbial disease and emergence of life-threatening antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates more intensive search for microbial antagonistic agents from diverse symbionts and habitats. Based on these hypotheses the current study was initiated to investigate in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of both crude and pure compounds isolated from potential actinomycete isolates recovered from soda lakes of Ethiopia. Two soda lakes, Arenguade/Hora Hadho/ and Chitu were included in this study. A total of fifteen 12 water samples were collected and actinomycete cultures were isolated by serial dilution plating technique on various media. Morphological and biochemical characterization of selected isolates was done as described in the International Streptomyces Project Guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the crude extract was determined for fungus using the protocol described in National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and for the bacteria disc diffusion assay method as described in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institution. Ethanol extracts obtained from Solid State Fermentation a total of 36 isolates of actinomycetes were subjected to primary screening and tested for activity against the bacterial and fungal reference strain. Accordingly, the extracts from 10 isolates that were most active in the primary screen were 6 (16.66%) from Lake Chitu that were inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungal strain; 4 (11.11%) from Lake Arenguade that were inhibited Gram-negative bacteria and fungal. From evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of two soda lakes water-derived actinomycetes; the best ones in terms of activity spectra were actinomycetes species isolated from Lake Chitu. Antibacterial and antifungal metabolite production was detected from isolates of Lake Chitu with maximum zone of inhibition within 5–6 days of incubation against Candida albicans ATCC 62376, Aspergillus niger, C. neoformans, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (CECT 20474), and Shigella boydii (clinical). All test microorganisms, except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, and S. aureus (clinical isolate) were sensitive to the culture filtrate starting from 8–12 days of incubation. In terms of the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity, the antibacterial metabolite produced from different carbon sources were more effective on S. aureus (clinical isolate), A. niger, C. neoformans, S. aureus ATCC25923, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (CECT 20474), Shigella boydii (clinical isolate) respectively. However, the most resistant test isolates with least activity was detected against Candida albicans ATCC 62376 and E. coli ATCC 25922.
Network content as a factor of information aggression
Authors: Bradov Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to investigate the diversity of printed political advertising during the 2020 local elections to determine the methods and forms of its socio-communicative impact on the electorate. The source base – printed campaign materials distributed in the Sumy region. The relevance of the chosen theme determines the study of dialogue between candidates, current politicians and voters. Іn the process of research, іt was identified the diversity of printed political advertising during the election campaign, it was found that political advertisements in leaflets, booklets, newsletters, brochures was dominated in this period. The peculiarity of print political advertising is that political parties and their leaders tried to use it to form the communication desired by the political candidates themselves, thus influencing the consciousness, opinion and choice of the electorate.
State regulation of sustainable innovation project funding in the EU countries and Ukraine
Authors: Oharenko Viktor , Merzlyak Anzhela , Tomareva-Patlakhova Viktoriia , Vikhort Iuliia , Skriabina Daria
Published: June 2021

The effective implementation of innovations is broadly determined by the ways of their financing, among which project funding is particularly important today. This paper examines the impact of project funding on the innovative growth of the state in the EU countries and Ukraine in the context of sustainable development. Using theoretical and empirical methods, this study identifies and systematizes traditional and innovative forms of sustainable innovation project funding, which are practically used by the EU member states and Ukraine. Based on statistical methods, data analysis for the period from 2014 to 2020 and indicators characterizing the participation of countries in the largest European project funding program Horizon 2020 and other similar programs, the study revealed a close relationship between the conditions created by the state for participation in project funding programs and indicators of innovation activity and the climate of the state. The study allowed determining that funding from international sources, including funds from leading European institutions, which support the dissemination of sustainable innovations, can be a good alternative for innovation project funding under limited domestic resources. The study concluded that diversification of sources and forms of project funding, use and support from the state influences and accelerates the development of innovation infrastructure in a country (clusters, business incubators etc.), as well as the interaction between various participants in a sustainable innovation process (state, regions, large enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses, communities).
Resim Sanatında Picasso Etkisi
Authors: Ümer Engin
Published: June 2021

Pablo Picasso, modern sanat denildiğinde akla ilk gelen isimlerdendir. Picasso’nun gündelik kültürdeki imgesinin yaratıcı, yenilikçi ve deha sanatçı olduğu söylenebilir. Picasso’nun resim kanonundaki yerinin önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Bir etki olarak Picasso’nun, modern sanat içerisinde görünümünün çok yönlü olduğu iddia edilebilir. Picasso etkisi, kuşağı ve sonrası ressamların eserlerinde görülmektedir. Bu çalışma bu etkiyi konu almaktadır. Çalışma resimde kanon ve etki meselesi hakkında bir anlatı denemesi önermektedir. Picasso’nun sanat tarihinde nasıl alımlandığını incelemekte, devam eden kısımda ‘Picasso etkisi’ni tanımlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bunu birkaç kategori etrafında gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu kategorileri de yirminci yüzyıldaki ressamlar ve eserlerindeki varlığı ve etkisini göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Buna ek olarak çalışmada Picasso etkisinin modern sanatı aştığı göstermeye çalışarak, çağdaş sanatta bir fikir olarak anlamını düşünülmektedir.
Mitolojik Olarak Simurg Figürü ve Fransa Milli Kütüphanede Bulunan Fıraknâme Eserindeki Tasvirleri
Authors: Emlak Sevda
Published: June 2021

Hayvan üslubu erken devirlerden beri Türk sanatında mühim bir yere sahiptir. Üsluplaşmış hayvan figürü tasvirleri; özellikle el yazma eserlerin sayfa kenarlarındaki halkâr tezyinatında ve minyatür sahnelerinde sıkça karşımıza çıkan bir süsleme biçimi olmuştur. Bu sahnelere konu olan ve hayvan figürleri içerisinde farklı mitolojik özelliklere sahip olan Simurg kuşunun Fıraknâme eserindeki tasvirleri incelenmiştir.
Çalışmaya konu olan Fıraknâme’deki Simurg figürlerinin mitlerine yer verilerek, kompozisyon içerisindeki tasvirleri belirlenmiştir. Çizimleri yapılan Simurg figürleri değerlendirilerek renk ve süsleme özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur.
Araştırmanın sonucunda, Simurg kuşu tasvirleri eserin alt ve üst cilt kabında, 1b varağında Hz. Süleyman Peygamberi konu alan minyatür sahnesinde, 10b, 13a, 20a, 29a varağındaki halkâr tezyinatında görülmüştür. Fıraknâme eserindeki Simurg tasvirinin simgesel özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 1b varağındaki minyatürde iyiliği sembolize eden bir figür olarak ele alınan Simurg, cilt kabında bir savaş sahnesinde güç simgesi olarak yer alınmıştır. Halkâr süslemelerinde ise doğadan tasvir edilen ve sanatçının tasavvuru ile gelişen bir süsleme unsuru olarak kullanıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Práticas mediacionais do projeto Leitura&Ação na Comunidade Beneficente Zaíla Lavor em Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará
Authors: Barros Arysa Cabral , Silva Jonathas Luiz Carvalho
Published: June 2021

Trata sobre as práticas de mediação com vista a fortalecer as diversas formas de manifestação sociocultural e pedagógica, com base nos impactos viabilizados pelas ações extensionistas do projeto Leitura&Ação. Denota em seu objetivo geral, investigar as contribuições do projeto Leitura&Ação para a Comunidade Beneficente Zaíla Lavor, a partir das práticas mediacionais no âmbito da informação, cultura e educação. Descreve no percurso metodológico a caracterização das técnicas e etapas da pesquisa através dos métodos exploratório e descritivo, similarmente, optou-se pelo estudo de caso como estratégia de pesquisa. Apresenta como instrumento de coleta de dados (observação participante e pesquisa-ação) e o polo avaliativo (análise qualitativa de conteúdo). Delineia as ações intervencionistas do projeto Leitura&Ação com o intuito de analisar o impacto das práticas mediacionais na Comunidade Beneficente Zaíla Lavor, a partir da etapa de diagnóstico e das categorias previamente estabelecidas no referencial teórico. Conclui com as discussões finais sobre os resultados alcançados no decorrer das ações extensionistas, constatando-se as novas perspectivas de atuação na Comunidade Beneficente Zaíla Lavor conforme os serviços informacionais desenvolvidos, tendo a mediação da informação como respaldo para galvanizar práticas formativas pelo teor interdisciplinar.
LEGAL REGULATION METHODS OF NON-TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT: ILO GUIDELINES AND EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: KURSOVA Oksana А.
Published: June 2021

The widespread prevalence of precarious employment is due to modern trends in the development of the market economy and information technology. In general, precarious work in modern literature is considered as a negative phenomenon that contributes to the precarization of employment. Precarious work is extremely heterogeneous; a single standard of legal regulation is practically not applicable to these relations, which are very different in terms of signs and characteristics. That is why only the concept transformation of labor relations in order to cover the labor law regulation sphere of various relations related to precarious employment will not improve the situation. This means that it is necessary to consider various ways of legal regulation of precarious work in order to provide all employed with the necessary level of social protection. This idea is consistently revealed in the proposed work. To substantiate this idea, this paper provides an analysis of international approaches and various domestic decisions regarding the regulation of precarious work. Various methods study of precarious employment legal regulation was carried out in order to determine various options for bringing precarious employment to a certain social standard, which presupposes the precarization prevention of employment. The main research methods are the comparative method and the method of expert assessments. As a result, it was concluded that the strategy of the International Labor Organization, the essence of which is to search for legal solutions to extend social protection to all employed without exception, is the optimal universal solution to the problem. The only question is how this discourse should be practically implemented in different legal systems.
CURRENT ISSUES OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AGAINST MINORS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN REALITY
Authors: Verkhoturova Svetlana V. , Pavlenko Oksana V.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the current theoretical and practical issues of criminal proceedings against minors in the light of recent changes in the criminal procedure legislation. The research was conducted using formal-logical and dialectic methods, as well as the comparative-legal method when analyzing criminal and legal proceedings against minors. The authors conclude that a number of existing criminal procedure norms regulating the preliminary investigation and consideration of criminal cases in court against minors do not meet international standards and require further improvement. This article draws attention to the procedural errors of investigators (inquirers) and judges that are allowed in the process of investigation and consideration of criminal cases in court in relation to minor suspects, accused persons, defendants. The lack of sufficient legal regulation in the criminal procedure law is called the main reason for the mistakes made in the criminal proceedings against minors. In order to solve the identified problems, the authors propose to make appropriate additions to the current criminal procedure law.
The 2020 American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: What is new?
Authors: Budagaev S.A. , Afanasyev A.V. , Bogachev-Prokophiev A.V. , Zalesov A.S. , Ovcharov M.A.
Published: June 2021

On 22 December 2020, Circulation published the new American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The most important guidelines were those concerning pharmacological and invasive methods of treating symptomatic patients with obstruction of the left ventricular outlet. Considering the most recent clinical studies, the indications for invasive methods of treatment have expanded to include septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation. A separate section in the guidelines has been devoted to the management of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The recommendations for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and severe heart failure have been revised.
Received 26 March 2021. Revised 12 May 2021. Accepted 13 May 2021.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributionsConception and study design: S.A. Budagaev, A.V. Afanasyev, A.V. Bogachev-ProkophievData collection and analysis: S.A. Budagaev, M.A. OvcharovDrafting the article: S.A. Budagaev, A.V. Afanasyev, A.S. ZalesovCritical revision of the article: A.V. Bogachev-ProkophievFinal approval of the version to be published: S.A. Budagaev, A.V. Afanasyev, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, A.S. Zalesov, M.A. Ovcharov
A clinical case of surgical treatment of a knife-penetrated wound of the right atrium and the aortic root 2 years after the injury
Authors: Petlin K.A. , Kosovskikh E.A. , Kozlov B.N. , Tomilin V.A.
Published: June 2021

Chest injury is an acute, extremely life-threatening condition. Among penetrating heart wounds, approximately 85% are stab wounds. In the case of stab and cut injuries, the lethality, according to various sources, reaches 90% and directly depends on the time of delivery of the victim to the hospital. In the overwhelming majority of cases, emergency operations for stab wounds of the chest are conducted in general surgical hospitals. As a rule, when providing emergency surgical care, only superficial heart wounds are sutured, excluding the correction of damage to the intra-cardiac structures. Aorto-right atrial fistula is a rather rare clinical condition that is formed due to the action of a traumatic factor and is characterised by the formation of a communication between the aorta and the right atrium with the discharge of arterial blood into the venous system. Considering that this pathology is accompanied by an increase in pressure in the right atrium, signs of stagnation are found in the systemic circulation, followed by compensatory dilatation of the right atrium and then dilatation of the right ventricle. The only effective method to treat this problem is surgery.The presented clinical case demonstrates the surgical treatment of chronic post-traumatic aorto-right atrial fistula, pseudo-aneurysm between the non-coronary sinus and the right atrium and pseudo-aneurysm of the left coronary sinus 2 years after the stab wound. Echocardiography performed after surgery indicated a positive trend, i.e., a decrease in the size of the right- and left-sided heart and normalisation of pressure in the pulmonary artery. No inter-chamber shunts were found. This case shows that clinicians must remember that after providing emergency surgical care to patients with penetrating chest wounds, it is necessary to conduct an additional examination of the heart after stabilisation of the condition to detect hidden damage to the intra-cardiac structures.Received 2 February 2021. Revised 2 March 2021. Accepted 3 March 2021.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Políticas públicas como instrumento de valorização docente no Brasil
Authors: Silva Daniela Oliveira Vidal da , Nunes Claudio Pinto
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo apresenta conceitos e modelos de tipologias, ciclos e análises de políticas públicas educacionais, levando em consideração o cenário político e o contexto histórico e político em que são criadas e implementadas, tendo como marco inicial a Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988 e como marco final da discussão o Golpe de Estado de 2016. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que se insere no campo das discussões sobre políticas. O estudo destaca que o PNE e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial e Continuada para Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica podem se constituir como alternativas para intermediar ações que englobam aspectos diferenciados dos profissionais da educação básica. A valorização desses profissionais deve ser conduzida por uma política pautada em alguns pilares fundamentais que contemplem formação, remuneração, carreira e condições de trabalho. Isso requer empenho do governo e da sociedade organizada nas diferentes esferas de governança nos âmbitos dos entes federados.
Políticas e gestão da educação básica em contextos iberoamericanos
Authors: Ramos Arlete Ramos dos , Ramalho Mara Lúcia , Nozu Washington Cesar Shoiti
Published: June 2021

As políticas educacionais fazem parte de um processo marcado pela diversidade, complexidade, disputa e combinações sobre os mecanismos e estratégias dos diversos interesses dos sujeitos e dos grupos envolvidos. Nesse sentido, a implementação das políticas educacionais nos sistemas de ensino e, principalmente, nas escolas, deve ser compreendida como uma dinâmica que revela e constrói trajetórias, conformando um diálogo entre temporalidades, subjetividades e territorialidades, de modo que se traduz numa dimensão histórica, coletiva e social nos diferentes contextos.
Por um modelo pedagógico para uma educação agroecológica em perspectiva camponesa e indígena: avanços, tensões e desafios no Brasil e no México
Authors: López Valentín Rosa , Rosset Peter Michael , Pinheiro Barbosa Lia , Lobo Castro Carla Andreia
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo apresenta a concepção, avanços, desafios e tensões que emergem da proposição de um modelo educativo-pedagógico para a agroecologia. Para tanto, apresentamos duas experiências educativas de microcontextos do México e do Brasil, articuladas por movimentos indígenas e camponeses: a Escola de Agricultura Ecológica U YITS KA´AN, em Maní, Yucatán, México, e a Escola de Ensino Médio do Campo João dos Santos de Oliveira, uma escola do campo situada no Assentamento 25 de Maio, em Madalena, Ceará, Brasil. Apontamos a diversidade, complexidade e combinações que perpassam as estratégias dos sujeitos na reivindicação da agroecologia no processo educativo e formativo de ambas as escolas, e suas interfaces na disputa de um modelo educativo atrelado ao contexto sócio-histórico da luta indígena e camponesa dos dois países.
Educação e contradição no campo: e as escolas públicas?
Authors: Souza Maria Antônia de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em dez municípios de grande extensão territorial no estado do Paraná, com o intuito de compreender a política educacional em relação às escolas públicas rurais. Neste texto, selecionamos oito municípios considerados extremamente rurais para expor contradições presentes no campo e na educação, a partir de estudos documentais e entrevistas. O objetivo é problematizar microrregiões cujo território tem a presença de grandes propriedades e do agronegócio, ao lado do trabalho dos diversos povos do campo. Nesses contextos, há desafios na garantia do direito à educação. São marcados pelo fechamento de escolas, precariedade das estradas, centralidade do transporte escolar, dificuldade com a continuidade dos professores nas escolas etc. Conclui-se que a contradição que gera processos excludentes no campo reside na concentração da terra, na produção agrícola para exportação que pouco gera empregos, e decorre na política de fechamento de escolas que se fundamenta no reduzido número de estudantes. Ao estudar tais contextos regionais, evidencia-se a necessidade de outro projeto para o campo, de reforma agrária e políticas públicas para permanência dos sujeitos no campo.
HuR as Therapeutic Target in Cancer: What the Future Holds
Authors: Goutas Dimitrios , Pergaris Alexandros , Giaginis Constantinos , Theocharis Stamatios
Published: June 2021

:

ELAV-like protein 1 or HuR (human antigen R) is an RNA-binding protein that in humans is
encoded by the ELAVL1 gene, and one of its best functions is to stabilize mRNAs in order to regulate
gene expression. HuR protein overexpression has undoubtedly been linked to an increased risk of tumor
growth, progression and metastasis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target candidate in cancer.
Novel agents, interfering with HuR expression, have been tested, both in vitro and in vivo, with promising
results. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding the potential agents that
could actively act on and inhibit HuR expression. HuR molecule controls the expression of various
proto-oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors, representing a major player in tumor progression, invasion
and metastasis and constituting an emerging target for cancer therapy. PubMed database was thoroughly
searched, and all published articles providing scientific data on molecules that can exhibit antitumorigenic
effects via HuR inhibition were included. According to these data, HuR inhibition should
be a promising target in cancer therapeutics.
Synthesis of Fused Azo-linked Acridine Derivatives Using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA Nanocomposite
Authors: Jafarian Zeinab , Nikpassand Mohammad , Pourahmad Afshin , Fekri Leila Zare
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

In this study, the synthesis of azo-linked acridine by the reaction of dimedone and synthesized
diazoaryl-(2-amino-5-(phenyl)methanone using Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41nanocomposite is reported.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. According to the
obtained results, Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41 nanocomposite exhibited high activity in the synthesis of azo-acridine derivatives
based on desirable yields and reaction time. Products were prepared in 1.5-2 h and with 88-93% yield.
In all the reactions, the catalyst could be easily removed and reused, and its catalytic activity was maintained after
five uses and did not decrease significantly. The structures of all newly synthesized products were characterized
by spectroscopic spectra (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analyses.

Results and Discussion:

The results of the study showed that ionic liquid [DBU]OAc (entry 8) and MCM-
41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite (entry 8) possessed better efficiency and shorter time than other reaction conditions.

Conclusion:

In this study, new azo-linked acridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of different azo
derivatives and dimedone using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite, and the reaction products were obtained in
1.5-2 h with an efficiency of 88-93%. The short reaction time and high efficiency of the obtained products indicated
the high efficiency of this method. In all the reactions, MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite could be easily
removed and reused. Its catalytic activity was maintained in the sample reaction after five runs and did not decrease
significantly.
Chemotherapy-induced Pulmonary Toxicity Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Karasu Sebnem , Sinci Kazim Ayberk , Yildiz Yasar , Gumus Cesur , Tosun Ozgur
Published: June 2021

Background:

COVID-19 generally affects the lungs by causing pneumonic infiltration.
Typical Computed Tomography (CT) findings are bilateral, multifocal, peripheral, and patchy
ground-glass opacities. These CT findings can also be seen in drug toxicities. Rapid and accurate
differential diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia from Chemotherapy-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity
(CPT) is essential because the treatment strategies are different. In this case report, we define the
clinical and lung CT findings of two cases of CPT mimicking COVID-19 pneumonia.

Case Reports:

The first patient was a 39-year-old male who was under a 5-fluorouracil + folinicacid
+ oxaliplatin + panitumumab (FOLFOX) treatment of regimen because of metastatic rectal cancer.
The second patient was a 53-year-old male with testicular seminoma who was treated with
bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) protocol. Both patients presented to the emergency department
with increased dyspnea after chemotherapy. Thorax CT showed similar findings to
COVID-19 pneumonia. On follow-up CTs, these findings disappeared with steroid treatment as
well as withdrawal of the chemotherapeutic agents and this enabled us to make a differential diagnosis.
Also, two consecutive COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction tests were negative in
both patients.

Conclusion:

When lung CT findings of the oncologic patients are similar to COVID-19 pneumonia,
chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose in Radiographic Examinations of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Abdallah Yousif
Published: June 2021

Background:

This study was conducted to measure the entrance skin dose in radiographic
examinations of pediatric patients in King Khalid Hospital, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction:

Children have been given special attention since they are often regarded as especially
vulnerable to potential hazards. The pediatric population is more susceptible to radiation than
the adult population for certain tumor types.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to determine the amount of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received
by pediatric patients attending the emergency department.

Methods:

Traumatic department registers for pediatric patients admitted to the King Khalid hospital
(Majmaah, Saudi Arabia) between 1st February and 31st December 2018 were retrospectively
studied for all diagnostic (plain radiographs examinations) imaging did on pediatric (<18 years old)
trauma patients. The entrance surface dose was used to calculate the total radiation dose for each
patient. One hundred and twenty patients encountered the inclusion criteria of the study and their
doses (chest, skull, and extremities) were assessed.

Results:

The mean of radiation exposure factors were 65.4 ± 7.9 (71.3 – 89.9) and 1.3 ± 0.2
(0.3–2.5) for X-ray tube potential (kVp) and current (mAs), respectively. The measured dose for pediatric
patients were 0.10 ± 0.02 (0.09 – 0.37), 0.18 ± 0.04 (0.06 -0.59) and 0.09 ± 0.03 (0.03
-0.45) for chest, skull, and extremities, respectively. The mean Entrance surface dose received by
trauma patients was 0.03-0.59 mGy. 51.7% (62 patients) of the patients received ≤ 0.25 mGy while
around 48.3% (58 patients) received ≥ 0.26 mGy radiation dose from those examinations.

Conclusion:

Trauma patients attending to traumatic radiology department obtain substantial Entrance
surface dose from chest, skull, and extremities imaging procedures within their initial assessment.
The radiation exposure can also be lowered by optimizing each examination, therefore more
studies are recommended for this task. The results obtained can be used as the basis for local reference
dosages for X-ray examinations.
TITLE
Role of closed loop INTELLIVENT -ASV mode ventilation in Head Injury patients as compared to conventional ventilation modes. (Preprint)
Authors: Imran Sadia
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in all hospitals over Pakistan and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It presents with varying levels of severity. Intensive monitoring and early suspicion of complications make it a mandatory sensitive issue. Moderate to severe head injuries require elective and/or emergency mechanical ventilation at an early stage. Hence, choosing an appropriate mode of ventilation and providing optimum ventilation can help prevent secondary brain injury, which result from ischemic and hypoxic changes in the brain due to injury. Mortality and morbidity of head injury coincides directly with the severity of the injury. Moreover, superimposed secondary brain Injury on a primary injury increases the severity of the injury, decreases the time of the therapeutic window and hence increases the morbidity and mortality of the TBI. An appropriate mechanical ventilation therapy at an early stage of a head injury can help preserve the primary injury, decrease the progression to a secondary Injury, prevent a cascade reaction where an Injury imposes further decompression of the brain and hence by decreasing morbidity can help decrease mortality.

OBJECTIVE

To determine outcomes of head injury patients ventilated with closed loop IntelliVent-ASV mode as compared to conventional SIMV ventilation mode based on maintenance of PEtCO2.

METHODS

STYDY DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.
SETTING
POF Hospital, Wah Cantt
STUDY PERIOD
Six months after approval of synopsis
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Non probability consecutive sampling
SAMPLE SIZE
A total of 100 patients with head injury fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups containing 50(n) each.

RESULTS

Data was analysed using SPSS Version 17. EtCO2 was measured continuously via mainstream EtCO2 . The IntelliVent ASV patients were randomally assigned group A while SIMV patients were assigned group B. Mean GCS score among both groups was 6.18+1.27 and 6.22+1.20 .Average EtCO2 reading among both groups was 34.58+2.01 and 35.58+2.12 respectively. Mean no. of manual adjustments among both groups was 7.50+3.40 and 6.25+0.88 respectively.
After performing statistical analysis P value was <0.000 which was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Closed loop automated mode in head injury patients secure better outcomes than conventional mode in terms of decreased morbidity. Although the study needs more number of patients and time to determine the efficacy of one mode over another.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN10127188
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10127188
Dasar - Dasar Electroencephalography (EEG) bagi Riset Psikologi
Authors: Khakim Zulfikri , Kusrohmaniah Sri
Published: June 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) merupakan metode untuk merekam aktivitas elektris otak pada permukaan kulit kepala. EEG merekam fluktuasi potensial elektris yang muncul sebagai akibat dari aktivitas sel-sel otak. Seiring dengan kemajuan penelitian dan semakin canggih alat ukur, EEG semakin banyak digunakan dalam penelitian mengenai fungsi kognitif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengantar teoretis mengenai alat EEG serta proses dalam analisis data untuk konteks penelitian dan eksperimen dalam kajian ilmu psikologi maupun ilmu sosial secara umum. Bagian awal mendeskripsikan mengenai dasar neural dan asumsi pengukuran dalam EEG, yang diikuti dengan penjelasan mengenai komponen-komponen alat EEG dan standar pemasangan. Bagian kedua menjelaskan mengenai pemrosesan sinyal yang memberikan contoh berbagai artefak yang merusak kualitas data EEG, serta beberapa metode dalam melakukan koreksi artefak yang umum digunakan. Ekstraksi fitur menjelaskan beberapa contoh metode dalam mengolah data EEG untuk kemudian fitur tersebut diasosiasikan dengan perilaku, proses mental atau aktivitas otak.
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-Pyridine-2-Yl-Propenone (AEW-1) Compound
Authors: Wibowo Andy Eko , Asmah Ratna , Puspitasari Ika
Published: June 2021

Chalcone compounds and some n-hydroxychalcone compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Chalcone derivatives 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone showed a stronger bond to the COX-2 enzyme than 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-pyridine-2-il-prophenone, 2′,5′-dihydroxychalcone, 4-chloro-2′, 4′-dihydroxichalcone, and several NSAIDs when they were tested for molecular docking computing using MOE software. It shows that compounds 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-prophenone. Computationally have better anti-inflammatory activity. Synthesis of compounds was by reacting 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone and pyridincarbaldehyde (without solvent, K2CO3 catalyst) under microwave radiation (radiation strength of P6 / equivalent to 41oC) within 4 minutes. The purification used ethanol washing: aquadest (10:90) and ethanol recrystallization. The structure of the synthesized compound was determined by mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis), infrared (IR), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (HMQC, COSY, and HMBC). Anti-inflammatory activity test used rat foot edema method, which was induced by carrageenan. The structural elucidation showed that the compound synthesized was 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone. The compound has a red color, a melting point of 190oC, and a purity of 94% by liquid chromatography. The compound had % DAI (Percentage of Anti-Inflammatory Power) of 50.05 ± 16,244 which was not significantly different from % DAI of ibuprofen (57.22 ± 20.134) (p> 0.05).
Analisa Perubahan Sifat Pelumas Terhadap Keausan Dan Performa Engine SAA12v140E-3 Komatsu HD785-7
Authors: Rizaldy Novendra David , Johanes Susanto
Published: June 2021

Penurunan viskositas pada pelumas engine berpengaruh terhadap sifat pelumas sehingga bisa menyebabkan kerugian gesek dan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar. Selain itu, pelumas dengan viskositas rendah akan menyebabkan tingkat keausan yang lebih tinggi dan kurangnya performa engine.Penelitian ini menguji pelumas mesin SAA12V140E-3 dari Komatsu HD785-7 dengan program pemeriksaan mesin (PPM), overhaul engine, pengukuran inner part dan dyno test. Setelah engine selesai overhaul, selanjutnya melakukan inspeksi pada inner part untuk mengetahui apakah komponen dapat digunakan lagi, harus diganti atau diperbaiki.Hasil pengujian dan pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keausan inner part pada mesin SAA12V140E-3 masih normal. Performa mesin sesudah overhaul mengalami peningkatan mencapai 94% atau hampir mendekati performa mesin baru.
Analisis Konstruksi Pipa Pompa Suction 112-JB
Authors: Satria Pungkas , Widodo Achmad , Haryanto Ismoyo , Satrijo Djoeli , Setiyana Budi
Published: June 2021

The 101-JTC condenser tank has excess steam condensate due to the addition of admission steam from 101-JT. Therefore, it is necessary to design a piping system that connects 101-JTC condenser tank with the 112-JB pump to drain the condensed excess steam. The designed piping system will encounter a dynamic response caused by fluid flow fluctuation over the time. This dynamic response causes the pipe to experience stress. To find out the resulting voltage which will not cause damage or failure, it is necessary to estimate the safety factor in a piping system that has been given static and dynamic loading. This research uses the fluid structure interaction or FSI method with the help of ANSYS software as a simulation tool. The results of this study are, the flow in the pipe causes an impact load which makes the structure vibrate freely damped. The resulting dynamic response describes, the structure displacement amplitude decreases with increasing time. This indicates a stable vibration. Finally, when viewed from the value of stress against time, the fatigue that occurs in the pipe structure induce a stress below the stress limit on Goodman diagram. It can be estimated that the structure has no service life limit. The fatigue safety factor is 7.1.