bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geschlecht und Demokratie
Authors: Heinemann Isabel , Steber Martina
Published: October 2021

Deutungskämpfe um die Ordnung der Geschlechter prägten die Geschichte der bundesrepublikanischen Demokratie. Vorstellungen von einer je nach Standpunkt natürlichen oder gerechten Geschlechterordnung gingen in das Grundgesetz ein, sie formten die politische Praxis demokratischer Institutionen und sie strukturierten alltägliche Aneignungen demokratischer Prinzipien. Gleichzeitig waren diese Vorstellungen von Beginn an umstritten. Die Autorinnen und Autoren untersuchen aus sechs verschiedenen Perspektiven, wie die Produktion von Geschlecht als sozialer Kategorie mit der Hervorbringung und Praxis von Demokratie in den ersten Jahrzehnten der Bundesrepublik verschränkt war. Mit Blick auf Geschlechterordnungen treten die inneren Widersprüche des westdeutschen Demokratieprojekts klar hervor.
Entre o neodesenvolvimentismo e a ortodoxia: contradições da política econômica no governo Dilma Rousseff
Authors: LOURENCO NETO S.
Published: October 2021

The following article aims to expose the reasons behind the failure of Dilma Rousseff’s government’s economic policy, seeking as it did to implement developmental strategies such as the Plano Brasil Maior [Greater Brazil Plan], which aimed to keep GDP growth high while maintaining the policy to reduce social inequality. Our hypothesis is that although national and international economic factors determined the strategy’s failure, the lack of consistency in the economic policy adopted was also a factor, which sought to use developmental tools in a highly conservative manner and abandoned them in the face of emerging fiscal and inflationary pressures, which were highly overvalued by the representatives of financial capital. Although Rousseff’s government attempted to challenge the interests of financial capital, it swiftly backed down and abandoned policies based on the growth of public investment and increased consumption. It therefore failed to achieve the benefits of accelerated development and the monetary stability so lauded by the financial sectors and their associates within the business sector.
Filhos da (in)justiça
Authors: SIMAS Luciana
Published: October 2021

The following article presents statements by pregnant or breastfeeding women to have been through custody hearings and criminal proceedings while released on bail, illustrating institutional responses to prenatal, childbirth, and post-natal care outside the prison environment. The aim was to document the possibilities for and difficulties of applying release measures, according to the women’s own narratives of violence. The qualitative research is based on an analysis of content and is organized according to thematic modules with an exploration of the material collected in interviews and field data. Several obstacles faced in the empirical study have been highlighted, as have the experiences of the women inside and outside the prisons, in terms of the exercise of motherhood, life with the child, the lack of state assistance, and the consequences of the imprisonment. The report from mothers to have been released on bail or placed under house arrest due to pregnancy demonstrates adequate pre-natal care and the children’s healthy development, although difficulties were still experienced during childbirth. The adoption of measures to release the women allowed for better access to healthcare, in line with the human right to safe motherhood. The satisfaction of being able to care for their children and live alongside family stood out as a positive factor. Situations of institutional violence still persist, given the insufficiency or absence of state protection.
Agentes electorales y reformistas: La acción política de la policía bonaerense en las variaciones del conservadurismo, 1902-1914
Authors: Berardi Pedro
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the police institution as a main player in the politics of the period of 1902-1914 in the province of Buenos Aires. Although the “conservative order” (1880-1916) is currently under historiographical review in Argentina, the police has not come under scrutiny for its interventions and representations in such a context. In dialogue with this task are varying agreements and tensions in police intervention both constituting policy and defining the institutional configuration itself. The police’s monolithic and malleable visions are therefore discussed, revealing that beyond the strong links between the police and the provincial/local authorities were significant differences and a constant need to negotiate loyalties. The police was thus not a heteronomous institution, instead appropriating the requisitions of the political authorities from a standpoint permeated by the aspirations and specifics that conferred its roles.
Cristianismo primitivo rumo à institucionalização: contexto imperial romano (séc. I)
Authors: BRASILEIRO R. A. M.
Published: October 2021

The present study considers the experience of the new Christian religion in the context of the Roman Empire of the first century, seeking to highlight several aspects of its earliest institutionalization. Primitive Christianity was not a singular movement but was instead reflected in the existence of many small domestic communities without an orthodoxy standardized in faith, an ecclesiastical hierarchy, or centralized institutions. The study will reveal the ways in which Christianity spread through the imperial and synagogal infrastructures, as well as through the use of Greek cultural references. It will also discuss the dominant types of Christian organization, which would benefit from the socially entrenched arrangement of the old patriarchal house as a framework for the centralized and hierarchized institutional development to take root in Christianity, in a manner analogous to imperial bureaucratic architecture.
Evaluation of the Properties of Cement Mortar Used in Prefabricated Road Base as Caulking Material
Authors: Yongchun Cheng , Haitao Wang , Yuwei Zhang , Liding Li , Yunshuo Bai , Xun Sun , Zhishu Xu , Jiaxiang Liang
Published: October 2021

For economical and convenient construction of road pavement, the prefabricated road base is used in pavement engineering as a new construction technique. The same as the other prefabricated structure, the joints of prefabricated road base blocks need a caulking material to fulfill and connect, and cement mortar is selected because of its superb properties in mechanics and workability. Aimed to evaluate the cement mortar with different additives, such as redispersion emulsoid powder and defoamer to meet the needs of prefabricated road base, three experimental groups of cement mortar are compared with the control group through mechanical properties tests, durability tests, and fatigue tests in this paper. By analyzing the results of these laboratory experimental tests, it can be found that the addition of redispersion emulsoid powder in the cement mortar can improve the deformability and the ability of frost resistance, and the addition of defoamer can improve the mechanical properties but decrease the frost resistance. And the cement mortar with redispersion emulsoid powder and defoamer obtains an excellent fatigue performance.
Educación e interculturalidad. Desafíos y retos hoy
Authors: Fornet-Betancourt Raúl , Saldaña Duque Reina , Salas Astrain Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Este texto es resultado del foro realizado por la Asociación Suramericana de Filosofía y Teología Interculturales (Asafti), el 10 de junio del 2020, “Polílogos Interculturales”, cuya espiral, “Educación e Interculturalidad. Desafíos y retos hoy”, invita a reflexionar en estos tiempos en los que la humanidad entera lucha por la vida, por el cuidado y por la supervivencia ante las desigualdades sociales, políticas, económicas y educativas de su contexto. Pensar la educación desde la interculturalidad posibilita preguntarse cómo conjugar las fuerzas desde los diferentes campos de pensamientos, prácticas y contextos. ¿Cómo centrar la mirada en el tejido social, en la historia, en la memoria de los pueblos, en las tradiciones y en los relatos de las comunidades para comprender que estas narrativas nos constituyen como sujetos y nos forman como ciudadanos críticos y habitantes del mundo? Es desde aquí que, para el caso de este documento, se provocan tres reflexiones: la relación pedagogía y educación desde una perspectiva intercultural; la educación y la interculturalidad desde los retos y desafíos contemporáneos a propósito del tránsito en el que vive la humanidad y el abordaje de lo educativo en clave de una relación intercultural desde la experiencia mapuche.
Interculturalidad en licenciaturas indígenas brasileñas
Authors: Osorio Stumpf Beatriz
Published: October 2021

Este artículo trae reflexiones sobre interculturalidad en las licenciaturas indígenas en Brasil, a partir de los resultados de un proceso de investigación de doctorado en el tema de las licenciaturas indígenas latinoamericanas, cuyo objetivo es identificar los desafíos y potencialidades de estas experiencias. Para este trabajo, se analizan seis programas de diferentes regiones brasileñas. La investigación sigue un enfoque metodológico cualitativo de carácter etnográfico, abarcando un conjunto de estrategias como observación participante, diálogos no estructurados, entrevistas semiestructuradas y investigación documental. Los resultados muestran la presencia de aspectos interculturales en forma de desafíos y potencialidades. Los desafíos de la interculturalidad están relacionados con una diversidad de factores, como la estructura colonial del pensamiento, aún prevaleciente en las universidades y en la sociedad brasileña; las dificultades de las relaciones entre culturas muy diferentes; la complejidad de las demandas indígenas, especialmente ante un contexto político nacional que no favorece estos temas, y las diferencias entre etnias. Las potencialidades revelan la creación de estrategias pedagógicas interculturales que contribuyen a la interdisciplinariedad, las etnociencias, la integración entre teoría y práctica, el uso de diferentes lenguajes artísticos y la construcción de otros métodos de investigación, produciendo nuevos conocimientos y materiales pedagógicos, que implican un fortalecimiento lingüístico, político y cultural.
Immunization-campaign reaction of Saudi Arabia citizens and residents during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence
Authors: M Sabra Sherifa Mostafa , Ismail Afaf Bushara M
Published: October 2021

The COVID 19 vaccine provide acquired personal immunity against Coronavirus, its effectiveness is the risk of vaccinated participants compared with unvaccinated, reduces Coronavirus infections, efficacy preventing Coronavirus infections 95%. The aim was to prove Coronavirus vaccine effectiveness during the first period six months, that was approved from WHO for KSA, as well immunization-campaign was started at 17/12/2020. So to clarify the extent of its impact on protecting the societal immunity of KSA society. The "Study Proficiency" as used on all persons in KSA, the “Intentional Physical" was prepared the questionnaires. All participants were 100% citizens and residents of KSA was showed the importance of the research topic in the KSA societal immunity. About 96% was agreed that the Coronavirus vaccine exists in KSA, 94% was explained the extent feel protected from Coronavirus infections as a result of taking the Coronavirus vaccine. About half, 46% had received the Coronavirus vaccine, 94% was explained the importance of the Coronavirus vaccine for societal immunity protection and reducing Coronavirus infections in the KSA society. While 92% was urged those who refuse the Coronavirus vaccine to take it, 85% was found an improvement in the KSA societal immunity status of society. About 92% was helped to follow the societal immunity regulations of the Coronavirus vaccine. Showed 96% was confirmed the continuation of societal immunity precautions during the Coronavirus vaccine in the immunization-campaign for vaccination period. That of 84% was affirmed Coronavirus system should be pursued in other countries in order to reduce Coronavirus infections. That found 52% was advising to follow “Precautionary Health Strategy”, 26% was recommended the Coronavirus vaccine must taken to protect the individual and the KSA society, and 14% was protection by medication or therapeutic supplements such as vitamins. It was concluded that the Coronavirus vaccine had a clear effect on protecting the individuals health and societal immunity in the KSA society during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence. Despite the presence of a very small number of individuals rejecting the Coronavirus vaccine. It was recommend that the Coronavirus vaccine in the KSA had demonstrated its effectiveness, and therefore citizens and residents must take the Coronavirus vaccine to preserve the KSA individuals society health and societal immunity
Identification of a gene that makes a protein by using a cell free protein synthesis system
Authors: Masood Umair
Published: October 2021

A living cell could be genetically modified to perform a function such as the production of a protein. However, these genetic modifications often conflict with normal cellular function and result in a mutation. Defects can be overcome through removing the bacterial membrane which leaves the lysate that is performing both transcription and translation. The cell free-protein synthesis is also known as in vitro protein synthesis and is the production of a protein without using a living cell. The gene is acting as instructions to make the protein. If we can isolate a gene and then apply a cell free protein synthesis system after synthesis the protein and run on gel-electrophoresis we can identify a gene on the basis of the protein. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to ______ contrasting proteins according to molecular size and charge.
Peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis in the management of sickle cell disease patients with endstage renal disease: an observational study
Authors: Alhwiesh Abdullah , Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed , Shehri Abdulla Al - , Alhwiesh Amani , Audah Nadia Al- , Abdulrahman Abdulla , Mohammed Abdelgalil Moaz , Bakr Waleed Al- , Sakr Mohamad , Audah Nehad Al , Alharbi Ali , Dujanah Mousa , Skhiri Sami , Nasr Mohamed , Ibrahim Ismail , Nourboja Tajalkhatem
Published: October 2021

There is paucity of studies that discussed the role of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in managing end stage renal disease (ESRD) in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. The present study compares the outcome of SCD-ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) or PD. Sixty incident ESRD patients were allotted to HD, (HD group, n=40) or PD, (PD group, n=20). Causes and severity of renal injury were assessed at the time of initiating dialysis. The primary outcome was hospital mortality at 5 years, and secondary outcomes were infection rates, incidents of vasoocclusive crisis (VOC) and acute chest syndrome (ACS), response to erythropoietic agents and improvement of cardiac function. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in regard to patients’ characteristics. The survival at 5 years was significantly better in the patients treated with PD when compared to HD (75.0% vs. 57.5%, p=0.026). Infectious complications (15% vs 35%, p<0.001), blood transfusion requirements (p < 0.001), VOC (15% vs. 42.5%, p<0.001) and ACS (10% vs. 27.5%, p<0.001) were significantly less in the PD group. Response to erythropoietic agents and improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly better in the PD group (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001, respectively). This study suggests that there are better outcomes with PD compared to HD in the treatment of SCD-ESRD patients with different dialysis modalities. Key Words: SCD, HD, PD, erythropoiesis, blood transfusion, VOC, ACS, sepsis, cardiac function, survival.
Use and Effectiveness of Propolis on Chronic Periodontitis: a Systematic Review
Authors: Fraire-Reyes Irma A. , Gaitán-Fonseca César , Cepeda-Argüelles Óscar , Esparza-Villalpando Vicente , Aguilera-Galavíz Luis , Bermúdez-Jiménez Carlos
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of propolis on non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) as it appears in the recent literature. Propolis is a natural and biocompatible resinous substance that has shown, by means of several scientific studies, to possess medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, healing, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic, among others. There are several studies that have reported the use of propolis as a non-surgical treatment of CP, its comparison with other antimicrobials, and the improvement of clinical and microbiological parameters with scaling and root planing (SRP). A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases up to 2021. The results showed that there are very few reports focused on clinical studies; however, according to the analyzed data, propolis could be a good adjuvant for the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis compared to the conventional treatment (SRP).
Cloning and expression of \(\textit{ pigI}\) gene in \(\textit{Escherichia coli}\) BL21 (DE3)
Authors: Minh Trung Do , Hai Quynh Do , Thuy Duong Nguyen
Published: October 2021

Prodigiosin (Pg), a secondary metabolite with anticancer and antimicrobial activities, can be produced in Serratia marcescens bacteria through the condensation reaction of 4-methoxy-2, 2’-bipyrrole-5-carboxyaldehyde (MBC) and 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole (MAP). Among these, the MBC synthetic pathway is started by the conversion of L-proline to L-proline-AMP before this complex is covalently attached to PigG. This reaction is catalyzed by an L-prolyl-AMP ligase named PigI. Therefore, PigI protein plays an important role in the prodigiosin biosynthetic pathway. However, studies related to PigI protein have not been carried out in Vietnam yet. In this work, the pigI gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B and BL21 (DE3), respectively. Sequence alignment results revealed that the obtained pigI gene is 99.7% identical to the four strains, CP027798, CP027796, CP021984 and CP003959. This recombinant vector pJET1.2/pigI was used to reamplify pigI, and the acquired amplicon was inserted into pET22b vector at the site of HindIII and XhoI. The clone E. coli BL21 (DE3) containing the recombinant vector pET22b/pigI was expressed in an auto-induced medium. The presence of PigI protein in the lysate was identified due to a 53 kDa band through Western Blot analysis using an anti-his-tag antibody. The results of our study provide a potential method for producing prodigiosin from recombinant protein in Vietnam.
Isolation and \(\textit{in vitro}\) cultivation of human urothelial cells from urine of patients
Authors: Trang Phan Thi Kieu , Duong Nguyen Thanh , Hoang Nguyen Huy
Published: October 2021

In clinical practice the number of urothelial cells collected by biopsy are limited and the procedure requires general anaesthesia. Therefore, in order to acquire enough urothelial cells for in vitro engineering of the urothelium, in this research we aim to isolate urothelial cells from human urine by an alternative, effective, low-cost and safe technique rather than using the indicated method. Sixty human urine samples had been collected from patients and volunteers, cells then were precipitated by centrifugation and cultured. Following the isolation process, these cells were characterized by the immunocytochemical method using some specific antibodies. There are 2 types of cells were successfully isolated from with different shape and morphology, one of them grew randomly while the others formed smooth-edge contours and cobblestone-like cell morphology. These cells were characterized by immunostaining with a specific marker, both of these cells were positive for urothelial marker cytokeratin 7. All these results were taken into consideration, the isolated cells were urothelial cells observed in the urine-derived cell population. These results will be used for in vitro studies in toxicological and clinical research, and it will be the premised research to determine the cell mechanical properties and then develop a promising method for early diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Pure Nash Equilibria in Resource Graph Games
Authors: Harks Tobias , Klimm Max , Matuschke Jannik
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the existence of pure Nash equilibria in resource graph games, a general class of strategic games succinctly representing the players’ private costs. These games are defined relative to a finite set of resources and the strategy set of each player corresponds to a set of subsets of resources. The cost of a resource is an arbitrary function of the load vector of a certain subset of resources. As our main result, we give complete characterizations of the cost functions guaranteeing the existence of pure Nash equilibria for weighted and unweighted players, respectively.

For unweighted players, pure Nash equilibria are guaranteed to exist for any choice of the players’ strategy space if and only if the cost of each resource is an arbitrary function of the load of the resource itself and linear in the load of all other resources where the linear coefficients of mutual influence of different resources are symmetric. This implies in particular that for any other cost structure there is a resource graph game that does not have a pure Nash equilibrium.

For weighted games where players have intrinsic weights and the cost of each resource depends on the aggregated weight of its users, pure Nash equilibria are guaranteed to exist if and only if the cost of a resource is linear in all resource loads, and the linear factors of mutual influence are symmetric, or there is no interaction among resources and the cost is an exponential function of the local resource load.

We further discuss the computational complexity of pure Nash equilibria in resource graph games showing that for unweighted games where pure Nash equilibria are guaranteed to exist, it is coNP-complete to decide for a given strategy profile whether it is a pure Nash equilibrium. For general resource graph games, we prove that the decision whether a pure Nash equilibrium exists is Σ p 2 -complete.
Modelos Mentales en los jóvenes transeúntes de la plaza de Bolívar de Bogotá con respecto a lo que es la viruela y de qué manera lo relacionan con las palomas del sector
Authors: Varón Rodríguez María José , Rodríguez Torres Nevis Zharick , Torres Niño Aura Lucia , Olave Angulo Camila , Orjuela Ibáñez Adrián Felipe
Published: October 2021

Este artículo trata sobre la indagación de los modelos mentales que tienen los transeúntes (de entre los 15 y 25 años) de la Plaza de Bolívar de Bogotá, sobre la concepción  de la enfermedad de la viruela y su proceso infeccioso dentro del cuerpo, para relacionar esta con la infección viral de la  viruela aviar y las percepciones de la misma; teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la situación  actual de pandemia por la COVID 19 y además la relevancia de la construcción de conocimiento frente a un complejo tan relevante como lo son los virus en consecuencia con el riesgo que representan para los seres vivos. Para esto se realizó un cuestionario, que incluye dibujos y una entrevista final. El presente trabajo  se realizó con una postura artefactual desde una mirada hermenéutica-interpretativa, tanto los materiales como los resultados obtenidos se observan desde la óptica de la Teoría de los Modelos Mentales de Johnson Laird, referente principal para de analizar los diferentes modelos mentales que se generaron en los participantes de este proyecto, obteniendo como resultados cuatro modelos generales, a raíz el cuestionario usado, Modelo: Racional simple, Espacial, Temporal y Cinemático, estos establecidos por las subcategorías que se realizaron previamente con los datos recolectados. Además de tres modelos generales a partir de la entrevista: Monádico, Relacional y Metalingüístico; logrando de esta manera analizar los modelos mentales desde un carácter hermenéutico-interpretativo, sobre la enfermedad de la viruela y su proceso infeccioso dentro del cuerpo.
Teaching Quality and Students' EFL Achievements in Ethiopia: Analysis From the Perspective of the Basic Dimensions of Teaching Quality
Authors: SANFO Jean-Baptiste M.B. , MALGOUBRI Inoussa
Published: October 2021

Teaching quality is important for students’ English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Achievements. The three basic dimensions of teaching quality (student support, classroom management, and cognitive activation) showed effectiveness in some subjects in developed countries, but there is very little investigation on its effectiveness in developing ones. Using hierarchical linear modeling and re-centered influence function regression, this study investigates the extent to which the three basic dimensions of teaching quality affect students’ EFL achievements and how much the effect varies across achievement distributions in the context of Ethiopia. Findings reveal that classroom management does not affect students’ EFL achievements and this is consistent across achievement distributions. However, cognitive activation positively affects students’ EFL learning achievements and the effect is consistent across the distribution of achievements. Similarly, student support affects students’ EFL achievements positively, but its effect is higher for high-achieving students. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Sociolinguistic Awareness of Spanish Speakers on the Mexican Border with Belize
Authors: Aguilar Raúl Arístides Pérez
Published: October 2021

The border society of Chetumal is studied in order to know how the speakers of this linguistic community conceive their ways of speaking Spanish in different situational contexts (home or work), before different people (employers, friends or subordinates) and with it get to check the degree of linguistic awareness they possess; that is, if the social boundaries present in their speech exist and are recognized as such by all speakers. This study is based on just over 100 questionnaires applied to the same number of Spanish-speakers born in Chetumal in 2019, who were registered according to the traditional sociolinguistic factors of age, sex, and socio-cultural level, the latter calculated basically on the individual's education index. The conclusions reflect the linguistic reality of Spanish speakers on the southern border of Mexico in which Caribbean and English elements are palpable in the lexical sector of the language.
Psychological Compassion as Portrayed in Dorothea in Eliot’s Middlemarch and Louisa in Dickens’ Hard Times
Authors: Alshwayyat Ali Mahmoud Ali , Azmi Mohd Nazri Latiff , Hassan Isyaku , Alamro Khaled Ahmed Hmoud , Mohammed Mahameed , Daghamin Rashed Ahmad
Published: October 2021

This article has a cogent argument to investigate the similarities and differences between Eliot and Dickens’ techniques in revealing the insight natural expressions of compassion by analyzing the heroines’ characteristics portrayed in the common theme of their selected novels. This article adopts the Seven-Stage Model of Maslow’s (1970) Motivation Theory to analyze Dorothea in Eliot’s Middlemarch and Louisa in Dickens’ Hard Times. According to Maslow, individuals should satisfy the models’ conceptual expressions completely to reach an ultimate level, which is self-actualization needs. In this regard, Maslow maintained that those who have reached the pyramid’s peak are capable of love. The findings of this study indicate that Eliot shines by enhancing many prominent feminine touches, emotional and aesthetic concepts, and passionate experiences in her heroines’ personalities much more than Dickens who ignores them. For instance, Dorothea in Eliot’s Middlemarch satisfies all the conceptual expressions of the model’s self-actualization needs perfectly, while Louisa in Dickens’ Hard Times has many problems, particularly in getting love, esteem, as well as cognitive, aesthetic, and self-actualization needs. So, Eliot’s excellence suggests a powerful contribution by refuting and criticizing the Victorian masculine stereotypical mottos that women could not express more than half of life and they could not feel a passion.
EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Classroom Writing Assessment at High Schools in Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Ho Hoang , Truong Anh Thi
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to explore EFL teachers’ perceptions of classroom writing assessment at high schools in Central Vietnam. The constructs of teachers’ perceptions under survey included the purposes and procedures employed in classroom writing assessment. Data was collected from an online questionnaire delivered to 60 EFL teachers from different high schools in Central Vietnam, followed by individual in-depth interviews with 10 participants selected from the surveyed teachers. Empirical data generally disclosed the teachers’ positive perceptions of the investigated aspects and highlighted both compromise and conflict in teachers’ perceptions. The study revealed that formative assessment purposes were associated with the essence of those in summative assessment. Specifically, while formative assessment purposes such as modifying and improving teaching and learning were perceived as important, the teachers also confirmed the necessity of summative assessment purposes of scoring students’ writings and ranking students as part of teachers’ responsibilities. The study also indicated the teachers’ preference for different procedures including setting and informing criteria to students, using diverse assessment methods, and giving diagnostic feedback on student writing. Nonetheless, while the teachers did not highly value writing tests and aimed for the use of various assessment methods, they seemed to have minimal knowledge of alternative assessment, which might adversely affect their intention of diversifying their writing assessment practice. The findings imply the dominance of testing culture and also shed light on the essential role of teacher professional development, particularly in assessment, for effective implementation of classroom writing assessment.
Tradition Versus and Modernity in Laila al-Juhani’s The Waste Paradise: An Intertextual Approach
Authors: Alhusami Mohammed Abdullah Abduldaim Hizabr
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the issue of intertextuality in the novel Alfirdaws Alyabab (The Waste Paradise) by the female Saudi novelist and short story writer Laila al-Juhani. Intertextuality is a rhetoric and literary technique defined as a textual reference deliberate or subtle to some other texts with a view of drawing more significance to the core text; and hence it is employed by an author to communicate and discuss ideas in a critical style. The narrative structure of Alfirdaws Alyabab (The Waste Paradise) showcases references of religious, literary, historical, and folkloric intertextuality. In analyzing these references, the study follows the intertextual approach. In her novel The Waste Paradise, Laila al-Juhani portrays the suffering of Saudi women who are less tormented by social marginalization than by an inner conflict between openness to Western culture and conformity to cultural heritage. Intertextuality relates to words, texts, or discourses among each other. Moreover, the intertextual relations are subject to reader’s response to the text. The relation of one text with other texts or contexts never reduces the prestige of writing. Therefore, this study, does not diminish the status of the writer or the text; rather, it is in itself a kind of literary creativity. Finally, this paper aims to introduce Saudi writers in general and the female writers in particular to the world literature.
Language Acquisition and Cultural Identity Among Modern Chinese Minority College Students
Authors: Su Huanan , Ma Fengyi
Published: October 2021

This research attempts to have an empirical analysis on the relationship between the acquisition of language and the cultural identity among modern Chinese minority college students，and try to show an empirical view of how the acquisition of language matters with the cultural identity from one side as well as the mutual influences reflected from the relationship between language acquisition and cultural identity from the other side. The research employs mainly three analytical methods including method of theoretical analysis, method of comparative analysis and method of questionnaire to acquire a full understanding of the relationship between the acquisition of language and the cultural identity among modern Chinese minority college students. The current study data shows that compared with the local language, modern Chinese minority college students use Mandarin more in most of the time and occasions. At the same time, while acknowledging the importance of their local language, modern Chinese minority students also strongly advocate the promotion of Mandarin and English. Conclusion: Language acquisition and cultural identity are closely related. This is mainly reflected in the fact that language acquisition deeply reflects the elements of cultural identity, while cultural identity deeply reciprocally affects the way of language acquisition. The cultural identity of modern Chinese minority college students has determined the series of characteristics and methods they exhibit in the process of their language acquisition. The close relationship between language acquisition and cultural identity has provided great support and enlightenment both theoretically and practically for the majority of language educators.
Problems in Subtitling Cultural-Bound Expressions in “Theeb” Movie: A Case Study
Authors: Mehawesh Mohammad I. , Neimneh Shadi S.
Published: October 2021

Subtitling is a challenging task making subtitlers use precise strategies to improve the quality of the subtitles. This paper aims at identifying the subtitling strategies employed in subtitling the culture-bound terms in the Jordanian movie entitled “Theeb” and assessing the translation of such culture-bound terms. The dialect used in this movie is the Bedouin Jordanian Arabic. So, the translator faced two dilemmas: (1) Understanding the Bedouin Jordanian-Arabic dialect and understanding the dimensions and features of this distinguished culture. (2) Translating this work, which is loaded with cultural expressions, into English. Furthermore, the study deals with the issue of overcoming the difficulties faced by translation of Arabic-language audiovisual dialogues into English. To achieve the purpose of this study, the data was collected from the movie "Theeb" and then analyzed. The results show that not all the subtitling strategies were used. Those left unused were dislocation, condensation, decimation, and resignation strategies. Hence, this article critically evaluates this subtitling, exposing pitfalls and offering more efficient renderings in a practical context.
Critical Discourse Analysis and Rhetorical Tropes in Donald Trump’s First Speech to the UN
Authors: Derakhshani Mahdi , Qaiwer Shatha Naiyf , Kazemian Bahram , Mohammadian Shafigeh
Published: October 2021

Language and politics go hand in hand and learning and comprehending political genre is to learn a language created for codifying, extending and transmitting political discourse in any text/talk. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Fairclough’s CDA and Rhetoric, the current study aims at investigating Donald Trump’s First Speech, from the point of frequency and functions of some rhetorical strategies (Parallelism, Anaphora and the Power of Three, Antithesis and Expletive, etc.), Nominalization, Passivization, We-groups and Modality as well as Lexical and Textual Analysis, presented to the UN delivered on Sep. 19, 2017. Specifically, the study seeks to determine: (1) how President Trump succeeded in conveying his notions and assumptions to his intended audience, and in convincing and negotiating, (2) how he attempted to explicitly and implicitly pass his attitudes on his targets, and (3) how those orientations, intended notions and assumptions were seamlessly presented to his addressees in discoursal and lexico-grammatical levels; (4) and finally in this underlying trend how he achieved his own ends. The results of the study hope to enhance reading comprehension and writing in academic registers for EFL/ESL students.
The Literary Pleasure of Dalia Al-Nahshli’s Poem ‘Al-Khali Fell Asleep’
Authors: Al-Badayneh Khaled
Published: October 2021

This study aims to show the artistic and literary value of Al-Nahshli poem. The pleasure of the text comes from the presence of its textual standards, highlighting its thematic unity, which is so clear from the general meaning of the texts, without relying on the linguistic links that represent the standard of consistency, which is the first of the seven text criteria for De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981). The poem is a sad contemplation, a complaint about the passing of time, and a tingling twinge of old age that includes judgments and sermons inspired by human experiences on the extent of his historical consciousness; the idea of ​​death dominates the poem from beginning to end, this fate that human thought in all its stages as a state of dilemma; the poet was one of those who felt this fate.
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Teaching and Learning and Engaging Students as Partners on English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhannani Badriah M.
Published: October 2021

This paper looks at the effectiveness of Collaborative Teaching and Learning (CTL) strategies in increasing students’ satisfaction in their learning outcomes, experiences, and achievements. The main strategy addressed in this paper is engaging Students as Partners in the CTL. Student engagement correlates with positive learning experiences and outcomes for students. ‘Students as Partners’ principles and approaches are relevant to many aspects of enhancement and innovation in curriculum and pedagogy, particularly in Higher Education. While this may not be a novel or new idea in the West, many countries in Asia and the Middle East have yet to incorporate collaborative approaches in the classrooms. As such, this review hopes to shed light on the possibilities and advantages of engaging learners in aspects that in a traditional classroom, the role that only educators and teachers take on. This paper also explores the potential issues, challenges, and further work required in the application of CTL in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom in Saudi Arabia.
Construction of Short-Term Memory Training Model in Consecutive Interpretation
Authors: Huang Jixin
Published: October 2021

With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, China is moving towards the world dramatically, and the importance of interpretation is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the theory of memory in interpretation and the theory of discourse type in interpretation, this paper aims to demonstrate the fit between discourse type and memory, and analyze the effectiveness of the training model through empirical research. In the experiment, students of Translation Class 2018 (reference class) and students of Translation Class 2019 (experimental class) were selected as the research objects, and a six week teaching experiment was carried out. Through the analysis of students' data, questionnaires and interviews, it can be found that the application of the theory of discourse type in interpretation to the training of short-term memory in interpreting can improve the logic and integrity of information transmission, so this teaching model is effective and feasible. The purpose of this study is to construct a training model of short-term memory in consecutive interpretation teaching with the help of the theory of discourse type, so that students can experience the joy of progress in the process of practice, monitoring and reflection, which will greatly mobilize students' subjective initiative in learning, stimulate students' innovative consciousness and cultivate students' innovative ability.
Curva de retenção de água em substrato de fibra de coco para cultivos em vasos em ambiente protegido
Authors: Nascimento Erlen Kaline Ávila do , Rego Lunara Gleika da Silva , Miranda Neyton de Oliveira , Figueirêdo Vladimir Batista , Silva Nathalia Gomes
Published: October 2021

Um substrato com porosidade e capacidade de retenção de água adequadas possibilita maximizar a produtividade e qualidade das culturas produzidas em recipientes sob ambiente protegido. A fibra de coco é uma ótima alternativa, mas requer manejo cuidadoso da irrigação, podendo ser baseado no monitoramento do teor de água na zona radicular usando tensiômetros. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a curva de retenção de água em fibra de coco em vasos. A técnica usada foi a remoção de água por evaporação e medição da tensão da água com tensiômetros, com posterior pesagem dos vasos e cálculo do teor de água correspondente por diferença entre massa medida e massa do substrato seco. Um sistema de aquisição de dados foi usado para registrar as leituras dos transdutores de pressão dos tensiômetros. Os dados de tensão, quantidade de água e densidade do substrato foram usados para ajustar as curvas de retenção de água conforme modelos de regressão e o modelo de Van Genuchten. O uso de tensiômetros no substrato fibra de coco possibilitou determinar a curva de retenção de água de maneira rápida e prática, a partir de leituras de tensão quase contínuas entre 12 e 268 hPa, referentes a teores de água entre 0,37 e 0,05 cm3 cm-3. Assim, foi possível ajustar a curva de retenção de forma simples, usando modelos de regressão com elevados coeficientes de determinação. Os parâmetros hídricos obtidos do substrato são menores do que os referidos na literatura e úteis para o manejo adequado da irrigação em recipientes contendo o mesmo substrato.
Spatial variability of the horizontal structure and production of biomass in Massai grass in an agropastoral system
Authors: Batista Carlos Henrique , Silveira Júnior Otacílio , Lima Ítalo Cordeiro Silva , Cardoso José Alberto Ferreira , Cruz Rossini Sôffa da , Santos Antonio Clementino dos
Published: October 2021

In Brazil, 60% to 80% of cultivated pastures show some degradation level. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the variability of the horizontal structure and biomass of Massai grass in an agropastoral system as a diagnosis of degraded pasture. We performed the georeferencing in a 12m × 13m mesh, totaling 48 sampling stations, and evaluated grass's biomass and structural characteristics at each station. We submitted the data to descriptive statistics and geostatistical analysis. We observed a process of degradation of pasture in the experimental area. Under these conditions, most of the characteristics of the pasture's horizontal structure and the production of biomass showed spatial dependence with high variability. Geostatistics efficiently represented and understood the variability of the studied attributes, enabling developing a specific pasture recovery management plan.
Impact of Technological Change on Growth and Agricultural Sector in Gujarat State of India: A Time-Series Data Study
Authors: Ashraf Shah Nawaz , Singh Ajay K
Published: October 2021

This study assessed the growth rate of commercial and food-grain crops due to technological change in Gujarat. Growth rate model was employed to examine the growth rate of area sown, production and yield of crops. Subsequently, impact of technological change, and other inputs on yield of individual crop was estimated using a Cobb-Douglas production function model. Time trend factor was used as a proxy variable to capture the impact of technological change, and other inputs (i.e., area sown, irrigated area, application of fertilizer, agricultural labors, rural literate population and annual actual rainfall) on yield of crops. Growth rate of cropped area, production and yield of cotton, sugarcane, castor, potato, rice, arhar, maize, gram and wheat crops were seemed positive in Gujarat. Yield of cotton, sugarcane, castor, rice, arhar, maize, bajra, gram, wheat, jowar ragi, potato, groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed&mustard and soyabeans crops was positively associated with time trend factors. Furthermore, the regression coefficient of time trend factor with yield of cotton, tobacco, potato, groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed & mustard, rice, arhar, maize, bajra, gram, wheat, jowar and ragi was reported positive and statistically significant. Hence, the estimates shows that yield of aforesaid crops were improved due to application of technological change in agricultural sector in Gujarat. Several practical policy suggestions are given to increase the use of technology in agricultural sector to improve the growth of major food-grain and commercial crops.
Why is Ethnic Minority Poverty Severe? The Case of Rural Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thuy , Gan Christopher , Hu Baiding
Published: October 2021

In Vietnam, poverty is prevalent and extremely severe among rural ethnic minorities (REM). Despite a number of studies on characteristics of poverty, very few studies comprehensively examine the determinants of poverty intensity. This study employs binary and fractional logit models to investigate the determinants of poverty and the poverty intensity of the REM. Data are obtained by combining the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys. The results show that education, wage-paying employment, housing conditions, and domestic remittances reduce poverty and its intensity. Poverty incidence reduction also hinges on development programmes on credit and scholarships. The likelihood and shortfall of poverty declined for households residing in the Red River and Mekong Deltas, and in southeast Vietnam. However, language barriers, farm size and overseas remittances influenced the poverty intensity but not the likelihood of poverty. Our results suggest that previous studies using only logit models have neglected several influences of poverty intensity, which the current research overcomes.
A Content Analysis on Articles Using Twitter in Education
Authors: Bicen Huseyin , Haidov Rustam
Published: October 2021

In the new era, it is almost impossible to imagine a modern person without the information and communication technologies that fill his life. These technologies permeate all areas of activity, and education is no exception. Despite the huge number of research papers distributed on Twitter integrated into the fields of Education, there is a deficiency and lack of content analysis research papers. Thus, the search was conducted on the three major databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and the EBSCO with the keywords selected as “Twitter in Education”, the study thus was based on content analysis. All studies published on Web of Science, Scopus and the EBSCO were statistically analyzed according to the frequencies and percentages. The distribution of the studies was analyzed regarding the publication years, document type, subject areas, organizations, authors, languages, countries/territories, and the research methods. The findings of this study reveal the importance of Twitter in Education, especially in medicine, social sciences and computer sciences. The findings of this study also highlighted the considerable growth of popularity over the years.