bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazard Assessment Comparison of Tazhiping Landslide Before and After Treatment
Authors: Huang Dong , Qiao JianPing , Wang Meng
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Through investigation and analysis of geological conditions and mechanical parameters of the Taziping landslide, the finite volume method was adopted, and, the rheological model was adopted to simulate the landslide and avalanche entire mass movement process. The present paper adopted the GIS platform to simulate the mass movement process before and after treatment. This paper also provided the conditions and characteristic parameters of soil deposits (thickness, speed, and stresses) during the landslide mass movement process and mapped the 3D division of hazard zones before and after landslide treatment. Results indicated that the scope of hazard zones contracted after engineering treatment of the landslide. The extent of high-hazard zones was reduced by about 2/3 of the area before treatment, and characteristic parameters of the mass movement process after treatment decreased to 1/3 of those before treatment. Despite engineering treatment, the Taziping landslide still poses significant hazard to nearby settlements. Therefore, we propose that houses located in high-hazard zones be relocated or reinforced for protection.
Self-affine subglacial roughness: consequences for radar scattering and basal thaw discrimination in northern Greenland
Authors: Jordan Thomas M. , Cooper Michael A. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Williams Christopher N. , Paden John D. , Siegert Martin J. , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Subglacial roughness can be determined at variety of length scales from radio-echo sounding (RES) data; either via statistical analysis of along-track topography, or inferred from basal radar scattering. Past studies have demonstrated that subglacial terrain exhibits self-affine (fractal) scaling behaviour, where vertical roughness has a power-law relationship with the horizontal length scale. A self-affine statistical framework, which enables a consistent integration of topographic roughness and radar scattering, has yet to be applied to RES. Here we do this for recent RES data from northern Greenland, and demonstrate that subglacial topography exhibits pronounced spatial variation in the Hurst (roughness power-law) exponent. A radar scattering model then enables us to explain how the Hurst exponent exerts strong topographic control upon radar scattering, which we map using the waveform abruptness (pulse peakiness) parameter. Notably, lower abruptness (associated with diffuse scattering) occurs for regions with a higher Hurst exponent, and higher abruptness (associated with specular reflections) occurs for regions with a lower Hurst exponent. Finally, we compare the RES-derived data with an independent prediction for the subglacial thermal state of northern Greenland. This analysis shows that the majority of predicted thawed regions do not have the specular RES scattering signature of deep subglacial lakes, and instead have a diffuse scattering signature.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Daisy
Published: January 2017

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from January 1, 2014, to May 31, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. AlunicaMorariuAnnamaria FioreAntonio Ruiz-PorrasBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaB M SantoshArmin J. KAMMELSahar BahmaniEwa KleczykEyup DOGANFahmi Shaaban FararahHengky, S. HJudy LiPiotr SiemiątkowskiSaid jaouadiSakarnehSarker
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Daisy
Published: January 2017

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from June 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Antonio Ruiz-PorrasBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaCosimo MagazzinoDavide ScaltritoEddie John FisherEwa KleczykHengky Sumisto HalimMohammad Nurul HudaOlubukunola Ranti UwuigbePiotr SiemiątkowskiRenata KorsakieneSahar BahmaniSaid JaouadiSantosh Banadahally ManjegowdaSocrates O. BallaisUwalomwa Uwuigbe
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: January 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2014, to November 1, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Aristotulus Ernst TungkaDaniel GarraínEnrique MuñozHayssam Mohamed AliHengky HalimJoão Fernando Pereira GomesSaid Jaouadi
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: January 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2015, to November 1, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Anna Rita Bernadette CammerinoAristotulus Ernst TungkaBhagawanDr Hebin LinHayssam Mohamed AliJia LiuJoão Fernando Pereira GomesMotasem SaidanMurat EyvazPankaj MaheshwariRawaa H AmmarSaid JaouadiTateda Masafumi
Climate Smart Agriculture as Final Goal: Use of Improved Cereals Varieties in Cinzana, Mali.
Authors: TRAORE Kalifa , SIDIBE Daouda , COULIBALY Harouna
Published: January 2017

Climate variability and change are recognized as the greatest challenge to crop production and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This work assesses farmers’ perception on the contribution of improved varieties of sorghum and millet in the search for food security in Cinzana rural commune of Mali in the current context of climate change.The methodology was based on focus group surveys with both, the decentralized technical services, administrative and municipal authorities, NGOs, farmer organizations and producers but also farmer exchanges visits on improved varieties tested in farmer’s field.The result shows that climate change is described by the majority of farmers (87%) as decrease in rainfall amount and length of rainy seasons, high increases in temperature and high deforestation and water scarcity. Unpredictability of climate, (80%), drought (70%) and heavy rain (65%) occurrence were identified as major perception of farmers on risks in climate for crop production and soil degradation. After farmers’ study tour, 80% of the participants mentioned a better growth of plants and increase of soil moisture with the use of contour ridges tillage as a water conservation technology. Adapted cycle (55%) and higher yield (37%) of improved varieties were farmer’s main drivers for adoption of improved millet and sorghum varieties.The study revealed that local farmers have substantial knowledge on climate variabilities and risks and also are aware of some adaptation strategies. However, for wide scale adoption of effective strategies, capacity strengthening appeared a prerequisite.
An Early Methodist Revival in the West Indies: Insights from a Neglected Letter of 1774
Authors: Glen Robert
Published: January 2017

In 1773, Francis and Mary Gilbert travelled from England to Antigua to visit Francis's brother, the planter Nathaniel Gilbert III. After the couple arrived, they helped to promote one of the earliest Methodist revivals in the Caribbean. By the time the Gilberts returned to England in 1775, the island's Methodist membership had increased by more than threefold. Because it was so poorly documented, however, the revival has received little attention. This article presents a full transcription of a manuscript letter on the revival written by Mary Gilbert in August 1774 and discusses the significance of the information it contains.
A Local Study of the Dynamics of Wesleyan Methodist Revival in North Cumbria, 1840–1920
Authors: Bray Emma Rachel
Published: January 2017

This article examines the internal dynamics of revival in Wesleyan Methodism in north Cumbria in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It seeks to identify whether those who were converted in specific revivals were drawn from within the existing Methodist community or from outside. In one example, Sunday scholars' rolls were used in conjunction with an exercise in household penetration to show that momentum for the revival took hold among those already participating on the fringes of a Wesleyan society. It will be argued that revival remained popular in these Cumbrian Methodist societies into the twentieth century.
Correlation between Campanacci’s radiological classification of giant cell tumor of bone and expression of Cyclin D1 and PCNA
Authors: Estrada-Villaseñor Eréndira G. , Alberto Hidalgo Bravo , Bandala C. , Garza-Montano P. De la , Naxieli Reyes Medina , Raúl Pichardo Bahena , Delgado-Cedillo EA. , Linares-Gonzalez LM. , Rico-Martínez G.
Published: January 2017

Giant cell tumor of bone is considered by his behavior a benign but aggressive neoplasm. The objective of our study was to determine if there is a correlation between the Campanacci’s radiological classification of giant cell tumors of bone and the expression by immunohistochemistry of Cyclin D1 and proliferation cell nuclear antibody (PCNA). A retrospective and descriptive study was made. In total, there were 27 cases. All cases showed Cyclin D1 and PCNA positivity. Rho Spearman for Campanacci and Cyclin D1 expression was 0.06 and for Campanacci and PCNA was 0.418. We conclude that there is a positive correlation between PCNA expression in giant cell tumors of Bone and the Campanacci’s radiological classification II and III, butCyclin D1 expression was no related with radiologic features.
Evaluating the Potential of Virtual Simulations to Facilitate Professional Learning in Law: A Literature Review
Authors: Thanaraj Ann
Published: January 2017

The use of virtual simulations in Legal Education as a method for learning is relatively rare despite much theoreticalsupport that exists for the benefits in learning. There is also some apprehension on the use of technology in legaleducation. Both of these are likely due to the lack of solid evaluations concerning the overall impact in professionallearning. The paper explores a number of possible theoretical frameworks which can be used in the design of thevirtual law clinic simulation training programme and concludes that simulations can be used in professional learningthrough the experiential, immersive and active learning frameworks which effortlessly support Legal Education.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of the Logical Connector ‘Thus’ in the Academic Writing of Turkish EFL Learners
Authors: Ucar Serpil , Yukselir Ceyhun
Published: January 2017

This research was conducted to investigate how frequently Turkish advanced learners of English use the logical connector ‘thus’ in their academic prose and to investigate whether it was overused, underused or misused semantically in comparison to English native speakers. The data were collected from three corpora; Corpus of Contemporary American English and 20 scientific articles of native speakers as control corpora, and 20 scientific articles of Turkish advanced EFL learners. The raw frequencies, frequencies per million words, frequencies per text and log-likelihood ratio were measured so as to compare varieties across the three corpora. The findings revealed that Turkish learners of English showed underuse in the use of the connector ‘thus’ in their academic prose compared to native speakers. Additionally, they did not demonstrate misuse in the use of the connector ‘thus’. Nevertheless, non-native learners of English tended to use this connector in a resultative role (cause-effect relation) more frequently whereas native speakers used it in appositional and summative roles more as well as its resultative role. Furthermore, the most frequent occurrences of ‘thus’ have been in academic genre.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 9, No. 8
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: January 2017

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 8Alina Cristina NuţăAnant R. DeshpandeAnca Gabriela TurtureanuArash RiasiAurelija BurinskieneBenjamin James InyangBiljana PetrevskaCristian Marian BarbuEva Mira BolfíkováGengeswari KrishnapillaiGiuseppe RussoHanna TrojanowskaHuijian DongIvo De LooJolita VveinhardtLadislav MuraMaria J. Sanchez-BuenoMiriam JankalováMohamed Abdel Rahman SalihOzgur DemirtasRadoslav JankalRaphaël DornierRoberto Campos da Rocha MirandaValeria StefanelliVassili Joannides
Accuracy of Measurement in the Classical and the Modern Test Theory: An Empirical Study on a Children Intelligence Test
Authors: AL-khadher Mohammed Mohammed Ateik , Albursan Ismael Salameh
Published: January 2017

The study aimed to compare the accuracy of assessing participants’ ability by the significance of standard error of the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and standard error of estimation of the Modern Test Theory (MTT) represented by the Two-Parameter Logistic Model (2PLM). It also aimed to compare item difficulty and arrangement in the two theories using Attriri’s Intelligence Scale for Children and a sample of 2674 students from the Republic of Yemen. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), exploratory factor analysis and one-sample t-test were used for statistical treatment of data. Statistical treatment was performed by the IBM SPSS V. 20 and the Bilog-Mg3 programs. It was found that MTT represented by the 2PLM is more accurate than CTT in assessing participants’ abilities by standard error. Furthermore, the calibration of items by difficulty and the arrangement of participants’ abilities in the two theories proved to be different. Based on the study results, the researcher recommends (a) basing the development of psychological tests on the psychometric characteristics extracted according to MTT, (b) training professionals in measurement and evaluation in the use of analysis programs to extract item and ability parameters according to the different models of MTT (item response theory), and (c) making available the programs needed for the use of MTT in testing, e.g., Xcalibre and Rumm 2030 & Bilog-Mg3.
SERO-SURVEILLANCE OF “PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS” PPR IN MONGOLIA AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATION
Authors: Ts. Undrakhbayar , E. Uuganbayar , R. Odbileg
Published: January 2017

PPR (Peste des Petits Ruminants) is a transboundary disease, listed in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, which Mongolia and other countries are obligated to report the disease to the OIE according to the criteria [1]. Purpose of this study is to conduct sero-epidemiological survey for detection of PPR antibody in livestock and susceptible animals from aimag, soums near border area because 244 outbreaks have been recorded [2] in China mainland since September, 2013. A total of 1950 goat and sheep serum samples from 52 soums of 15 aimags have been examined by “ID VET” Competitive ELISA kit for antibody detection. Result showed that PPR virus antibodies have been found in 12 samples from 1550 sheep, and 4 samples from 400 goat samples which have been examined. The same result has been shown after the re-testing the positive samples by ELISA with the serum titration of 1:4 and 1:8. PPR Global strategy for prevention, control and eradication of PPR by 2030, has been developed by OIE and FAO [14]. PPR recommendation has been developed in accordance with the Global strategy and sero-surveillance conducted in Mongolia.
Edad, Género y Resiliencia en la Conducta Sexual de Riesgo para ITS en Adolescentes al Sur de México
Authors: Castillo-Arcos Lubia Del Carmen , Álvarez-Aguirre Alicia , Bañuelos- Barrera Yolanda , Valle-Solís Martha Ofelia , Valdez-Montero Carolina , Kantún-Marín María Amparo de Jesús
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Comparar las conductas sexuales de riesgo en estudiantes de preparatoria y diferenciar por edad, género y nivel de resiliencia sexual.

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y explicativo. La población de interés estuvo conformada por 182 adolescentes de 15 y 16 años de dos instituciones educativas. La selección de la muestra fue mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado.

Resultados: Los instrumentos de medición mostraron medidas de confiabilidad aceptables. El 69% de los adolescentes refirió contar con 16 años de edad, mientras que el 64% correspondió al género femenino. Los adolescentes de 16 años tuvieron promedios más altos en las conductas sexuales de riesgo (M = 12.1, DE = 23.3) que los adolescentes de 15 años (M = 4.76, DE=14.6, U=2,984.0, p=.038). En cuanto al género se presentaron diferencias significativas, las mujeres presentaron (M = 7.45, DE = 2.77) los hombres (M = 8.01, DE=2.03, U=3,714.0, p=.017). Mientras que el nivel de resiliencia sexual también fue diferente, los adolescentes de 15 años mostraron niveles de resiliencia más bajos (M=60.5, DE=13.6) que los adolescentes de 16 años (M=65.0, DE=17.3; U=2,809.0, p=.034). El Modelo de Regresión Lineal identificó que las variables que mayor contribución tuvieron fueron la edad, género y estado civil para la conducta sexual de riesgo (F=1.85, R2ajustada=.065, p=.052). En otro modelo la edad, genero y estado civil fueron significativas para el desarrollo de la resiliencia (F=5.4, R2ajustada=.07, p=.001). La investigación sobre la conducta sexual del adolescente y los factores que influyen en el comportamiento, es útil para comprender lo que motiva a los adolescentes en participar o evitar las conductas de riesgo sexual.
Terapia tópica para feridas crônicas: contribuições de um módulo de ensino à distância para o conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Rabeh Soraia Assad Nasbine , Gonçalves Márcia Beatriz Berzoti , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher , Nogueira Paula Cristina , Miyazaki Margareth Yuri
Published: January 2017

Estudio cuasi experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desempeño de estudiantes de enfermería en test de conocimiento antes y después de participar en un módulo de enseñanza a distancia sobre terapia tópica para heridas crónicas utilizando Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje (AVA-Moodle). Desarrollado en tres etapas: aplicación del pre-test, implementación de la intervención en AVA-Moodle y aplicación del post-test. Participaron 37 estudiantes en el último año del Curso en Enfermería de Institución Pública de Enseñanza Superior del Estado de São Paulo. Hubo aumento estadísticamente significativo del promedio de aciertos obtenidos en el test posterior a la intervención en todos los dominios e ítems evaluados. La utilización del AVA-Moodle constituye una estrategia de apoyo para estudiantes de grado en enfermería en la potenciación y ampliación del acceso al conocimiento sobre temas relevantes para la atención de enfermería.
Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente na organização hospitalar de um hospital universitário
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Da Penha , Da Silva Junior Osnir Claudiano
Published: January 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la evaluación de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la organización hospitalaria de un hospital universitario. Método descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, cuya recolección de datos ocurrió entre septiembre y noviembre de 2014. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 203 enfermeras que respondieron al cuestionario traducido al portugués del Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)), disponible en Proqualis, compuesto por 12 Dimensiones para la evaluación de la cultura de seguridad, cuyo grado de acuerdo se mide por medio de una escala Likert, las respuestas van desde "muy de acuerdo" a "totalmente en desacuerdo". En este manuscrito, nos informan las 03 dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad en el nivel de organización hospitalaria. Los datos indicaron la necesidad de la participación y acciones concretas por el gerente y los líderes de la organización, para fomentar y priorizar los temas de seguridad del paciente en el ámbito hospitalario del estudio
Processo de enfermagem para homens com câncer de laringe fundamentado no modelo de Neuman
Authors: De Oliveira Patrícia Peres , Amaral Juliana Gimenez , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra , Da Silva Myria Ribeiro , Onofre Priscilla Sete de Carvalho , Silveira Edilene Aparecida Araújo da
Published: January 2017

El objetivo fue operar el proceso de enfermería propuesto por Betty Neuman para hombres con cáncer de laringe para la identificación de los factores de estrés y patrones de enfrentamiento desencadenados en la vivencia de la neoplasia maligna. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, cualitativo, se utilizó como referencial teórico el Modelo de Betty Neuman con 30 hombres sometidos a tratamiento de cáncer de laringe, que pertenecen a un grupo de apoyo, que se encuentra en São Paulo, Brasil. Los clientes han proporcionado algunos diagnósticos de enfermería causados por factores de estrés identificados y relacionados con el tratamiento de cáncer de laringe. A partir de esto, se elaboraron los objetivos y resultados de enfermería que permitieron hacer frente a los factores estresantes y la restauración de las líneas de defensa, obteniéndose intervenciones satisfactorias para minimizar el estrés experimentado. Se encontró que las dificultades de tratamiento del cáncer de laringe se pueden resolver con una práctica de enfermería centrada en la atención y el diálogo, basándose en un método científico adecuado.
Incidencia de Flebitis asociada a Catéteres Centrales de Inserción Periférica en UCI Adultos: Implementación de un Protocolo para Enfermería
Authors: Yaniz Álvarez Francisco Javier , De la Rosa Fernández-Pacheco Pedro Antonio , Martínez-Polo Ajona , Díaz Arozarena Encarna , Senar Senar Juan Bautista , Garralda Etxarri Nacho , Morales Villanueva Asier
Published: January 2017

Justificación: La flebitis es una de las complicaciones mas frecuentes de los Catéteres Centrales de Inserción Periférica. La evidencia científica sobre la utilidad de las escalas de medición para el diagnostico de flebitis es escasa.

Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de flebitis antes y después de la implementación de un protocolo.

Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en 159 pacientes ingresados en UCI, a los que se les ha colocado un PICC, en dos periodos equivalentes de dos años consecutivos, Periodo 1 (n=59); frente a un grupo del Periodo 2 (n=100) en el que se aplicó un nuevo protocolo para el diagnóstico y manejo de flebitis (definición de flebitis, aplicación de la Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score y valoración continua).

Resultados: El riesgo de ser diagnosticado de flebitis fue significativamente menor en el P2 (OR: 0.09, I.C.95% 0.01-0.52)

Conclusiones: La incorporación del protocolo redujo un 90% los diagnósticos de flebitis.

 
Comodidad de los pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo e intermedio
Authors: González Gómez Ana , Montalvo Prieto Amparo , Herrera Lían Arleth
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Asociar los factores sociodemográficos a las dimensiones de la comodidad (físico, social, psicoespiritual y ambiental) de los pacientes hospitalizados en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo e Intermedio.

Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal, realizado a 160 pacientes hospitalizados en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo e intermedio de cuatro instituciones de la ciudad de Cartagena, durante los meses de Julio a Septiembre del 2014. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos, la encuesta sociodemográfica y el cuestionario general de comodidad de Kolcaba. Se utilizaron la estadística descriptiva y una prueba de regresión logística para el manejo de los datos.

Resultado: El 57,5% de los participantes fueron mujeres con 51,7 años como edad promedio, con pareja estable el 76.9%, secundaria (incompleta y completa) el 43.4%. Predominó en los participantes, el tipo de confort trascendencia en las dimensiones social, psicoespiritual y física y en la dimensión ambiental el tipo de confort alcanzado fue la tranquilidad. Se encontró asociación entre las dimensiones física, social y ambiental con ser de un estrato socioeconómico mayor que 2 y contar con estudios de secundaria o superiores. La dimensión psicoespiritual no presentó asociación con los factores sociodemográficos.

Conclusiones: Los pacientes hospitalizados en la UCI o en la UCIN con un mayor estrato socioeconómico presentaron menor probabilidad de sentir comodidad durante su hospitalización; en la dimensión social, los pacientes con mayor educación tuvieron mayor probabilidad de sentirse cómodo. El pertenecer a un estrato socioeconómico mayor que 2, reduce la probabilidad de que el paciente hospitalizado se sienta cómodo en las dimensiones ambiental y física.
Hanani-Tutte for Radial Planarity
Authors: Fulek Radoslav , Pelsmajer Michael , Schaefer Marcus
Published: January 2017

A drawing of a graph $G$ is radial if the vertices of $G$ are placed on concentric circles $C_1, \ldots, C_k$ with common center $c$, and edges are drawn radially: every edge intersects every circle centered at $c$ at most once. $G$ is radial planar if it has a radial embedding, that is, a crossing-free radial drawing. If the vertices of $G$ are ordered or partitioned into ordered levels (as they are for leveled graphs), we require that the assignment of vertices to circles corresponds to the given ordering or leveling.

We show that a graph $G$ is radial planar if $G$ has a radial drawing in which every
two edges cross an even number of times; the radial embedding has the same leveling as the radial drawing.
In other words, we establish the weak variant of the Hanani-Tutte theorem for radial planarity.
This generalizes a result by Pach and Tóth.
Prendre en compte la diversité à l’école en se rappelant sa complexité comme institution
Authors: Kanouté Fasal
Published: January 2017

La diversité en lien avec la pluriethnicité est l’objet de réflexions et de recherches sous différentes perspectives et à divers niveaux de fonctionnement de nos sociétés. La perspective interculturelle est souvent envisagée comme une réponse pour décrypter les enjeux des dynamiques d’acculturation. Elle permettrait aussi d’atténuer les effets du décalage entre les pratiques des milieux scolaires et les réalités socioculturelles d’élèves immigrants ou issus de minorités ethnoculturelles. L’objectif de ce numéro thématique est de s’inscrire dans la continuité des travaux dans ce domaine en actualisant la réflexion et en ayant l’ambition de l’ancrer dans les différentes déclinaisons institutionnelles de l’école.
Points de vue d’élèves issus de l’immigration sur leur expérience socioscolaire en contexte montréalais défavorisé
Authors: Kanouté Fasal , Gosselin-Gagné Justine , Guennouni Hassani Rajae , Girard Christine
Published: January 2017

Notre étude porte sur les regards croisés de différents protagonistes autour de l’expérience scolaire d’élèves issus de l’immigration dans des environnements scolaires qui conjuguent immigration récente et défavorisation. Cet article partage les données relatives au discours des élèves. Ces derniers témoignent de manière complexe de leur identification ethnoculturelle et de leur appréhension générale de l’altérité ethnoculturelle dans leur réseau des pairs. Ils soulignent les défis rencontrés dans l’appropriation du français mais aussi d’autres facteurs qui constituent des tuteurs de résilience scolaire, notamment l’utilisation des ressources mobilisées par les organismes communautaires.
Migrations et « nouvelles mobilités » : regards d’élèves et d’enseignants dans une école de langue française en Ontario (Canada)
Authors: Farmer Diane
Published: January 2017

L’attention portée à la mobilité géographique – déplacements quotidiens, tourisme, migration, immigration, mouvements transnationaux, les configurations sont nombreuses – permet d’ouvrir de nouveaux chantiers en ce qui a trait à la construction de sens dans les relations à l’altérité. L’école est sans équivoque l'un des principaux lieux où se manifestent les pratiques plus mobiles des familles. Comment les élèves et les enseignants d’une école caractérisée par des mouvements rapides de population donnent-ils sens à leur parcours migratoire, en lien avec celui des autres acteurs de l’école, et dans l’esprit de vivre dans un monde en commun? Comment l’école s’adapte-t-elle au renouvellement continu des familles? Cet article présente la réflexion d’élèves, d’enseignants et de la direction d’une école de langue française de quartier populaire en Ontario. Il met en lien les représentations d’acteurs à partir de récits et entrevues dans le cadre des multiples mouvements migratoires caractéristiques du monde d’aujourd’hui. L’analyse vise à remettre en question le travail de classification entre locaux et migrants, en cherchant à mettre en valeur le travail de co-construction d’un univers de sens réalisé par les enfants et les adultes d’une école primaire.
BRAFV600E cooperates with CDX2 inactivation to promote serrated colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Sakamoto Naoya , Feng Ying , Stolfi Carmine , Kurosu Yuki , Green Maranne , Lin Jeffry , Green Megan E , Sentani Kazuhiro , Yasui Wataru , McMahon Martin , Hardiman Karin M , Spence Jason R , Horita Nobukatsu , Greenson Joel K , Kuick Rork , Cho Kathleen R , Fearon Eric R
Published: January 2017

While 20–30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) may arise from precursors with serrated glands, only 8–10% of CRCs manifest serrated morphology at diagnosis. Markers for distinguishing CRCs arising from ‘serrated’ versus ‘conventional adenoma’ precursors are lacking. We studied 36 human serrated CRCs and found CDX2 loss or BRAF mutations in ~60% of cases and often together (p=0.04). CDX2Null/BRAFV600E expression in adult mouse intestinal epithelium led to serrated morphology tumors (including carcinomas) and BRAFV600E potently interacted with CDX2 silencing to alter gene expression. Like human serrated lesions, CDX2Null/BRAFV600E-mutant epithelium expressed gastric markers. Organoids from CDX2Null/BRAFV600E–mutant colon epithelium showed serrated features, and partially recapitulated the gene expression pattern in mouse colon tissues. We present a novel mouse tumor model based on signature defects seen in many human serrated CRCs – CDX2 loss and BRAFV600E. The mouse intestinal tumors show significant phenotypic similarities to human serrated CRCs and inform about serrated CRC pathogenesis.
A molecular portrait of maternal sepsis from Byzantine Troy
Authors: Devault Alison M , Mortimer Tatum D , Kitchen Andrew , Kiesewetter Henrike , Enk Jacob M , Golding G Brian , Southon John , Kuch Melanie , Duggan Ana T , Aylward William , Gardner Shea N , Allen Jonathan E , King Andrew M , Wright Gerard , Kuroda Makoto , Kato Kengo , Briggs Derek EG , Fornaciari Gino , Holmes Edward C , Poinar Hendrik N , Pepperell Caitlin S
Published: January 2017

Pregnancy complications are poorly represented in the archeological record, despite their importance in contemporary and ancient societies. While excavating a Byzantine cemetery in Troy, we discovered calcified abscesses among a woman’s remains. Scanning electron microscopy of the tissue revealed ‘ghost cells’, resulting from dystrophic calcification, which preserved ancient maternal, fetal and bacterial DNA of a severe infection, likely chorioamnionitis. Gardnerella vaginalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus dominated the abscesses. Phylogenomic analyses of ancient, historical, and contemporary data showed that G. vaginalis Troy fell within contemporary genetic diversity, whereas S. saprophyticus Troy belongs to a lineage that does not appear to be commonly associated with human disease today. We speculate that the ecology of S. saprophyticus infection may have differed in the ancient world as a result of close contacts between humans and domesticated animals. These results highlight the complex and dynamic interactions with our microbial milieu that underlie severe maternal infections.
Capturing H and H2 by SiHx
+ (x ≤ 4) ions: Comparison between Langevin and quantum statistical models
Authors: Nguyen Trong-Nghia , Lee Yun-Min , Wu Jong-Shinn , Lin Ming-Chang
Published: January 2017

H, H2, and SiH
x

+ (x ≤ 4) ions coexist under plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) conditions. We have studied the kinetics of their interactions by high-level quantum chemical and statistical theory calculations, and compared the results with classical Langevin values (∼2 × 10−9 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 independent of temperature). The results indicate that, for H capturing by SiH
x

+ (x ≤ 4), both theories agree within a factor of 2–4, whereas for H2 capturing by SiH
x

+ (x ≤ 3), the modern theory gives higher and weakly temperature-dependent values by up to more than one order of magnitude, attributable to reaction path degeneracies and increased entropies of activation. The heats of formation and structural parameters of SiH
x

+ ions (x ≤ 5) in this work agree well with available experimental data. For practical applications, we have provided tables of rate constants for modeling various processes of relevance to the PECVD of a-Si:H films.
Kujunemisromaani olemusest. Ettekanne, peetud 12. detsembril 1819 Tartu ülikoolis
Authors: Morgenstern Karl
Published: January 2017

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Tooma rõõmusõnumid
Authors: Merilai Arne
Published: January 2017

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Võrdleva kirjandusteaduse ja maailmakirjanduse sümbiootilise koosolu väljavaatest / Towards a Symbiotic Coexistence of Comparative Literature and World Literature
Authors: Talvet Jüri
Published: January 2017

Teesid: Artiklis on sedastatud, et võrdleval kirjandusteadusel ei ole kunagi tegelikult olnud avaral kirjandusväljal otsustavat ega keskset staatust, ent samal ajal pole ka kirjandustraditsioonide põhjalik eraldi uurimine suutnud täita arvukaid tühikuid kirjandusloome kui laiema kultuurinähtuse mõistmisel, ehkki see mõjutab (sageli nähtamatult) tervete ühiskondade maailmavaadet ja väärtushinnanguid. Arendades edasi mõtteid, mis on esitatud raamatus „Sümbiootiline kultuur“ ning artiklis „Edaphos and Episteme of Comparative Literature“, aga ka Juri Lotmani ideid, on soovitatud kasutada sümbiootilist lähenemist kirjandusele, mis püüaks lepitada äärmuslikke vastandeid ning algatada dialoogi, tugevdades seega võrdleva kirjandusteaduse positsiooni ning ühtlasi maailma kirjanduste uurimise valdkonda. In his article Jüri Talvet postulates that comparative literature has never really enjoyed a pivotal or central status in the broad field of literary studies, yet at the same time specialized studies of separate literary traditions have not been able to fill numerous gaps in the understanding of literary creation as a broader cultural phenomenon influencing (although often invisibly) the world view and axiological attitudes of entire societies and vast communities of people. Developing some ideas presented in his book A Call for Cultural Symbiosis (2005) and in his article “Edaphos and Episteme in Comparative Literature”, (Intelitteraria 2005), as well as the ideas of Juri M. Lotman, Talvet proposes a symbiotic approach aimed at reconciling extreme oppositions and establishing a dialogue that would strengthen the position of the discipline of comparative literature, as well as the field of world literatures.
Kakskümmend aastat Interlitterariat / Twenty Years of Interlitteraria
Authors: Veidemann Rein
Published: January 2017

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Interferon-γresponses toPlasmodium falciparumvaccine candidate antigens decrease in the absence of malaria transmission
Authors: Ayieko Cyrus , Ogola Bilha S. , Ochola Lyticia , Ngwena Gideon A.M. , Ayodo George , Hodges James S. , Noland Gregory S. , John Chandy C.
Published: January 2017

Background

Malaria elimination campaigns are planned or active in many countries. The effects of malaria elimination on immune responses such as antigen-specific IFN-γresponses are not well characterized.

Methods

IFN-γresponses to theP. falciparumantigens circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, thrombospondin-related adhesive protein, apical membrane antigen-1, MB2, and merozoite surface protein-1 were tested by ELISA in 243 individuals in highland Kenya in April 2008, October 2008, and April 2009, after a one-year period of interrupted malaria transmission from April 2007 to March 2008.

Results

While one individual (0.4%) tested positive forP. falciparumby PCR inOctober 2008 and another two (0.9%) tested positive in April 2009, no clinical malaria cases were detected during weekly visits. Levels of IFN-γto all antigens decreased significantly from April 2008 to April 2009 (allP< 0.001).

Discussion

Naturally acquired IFN-γresponses toP. falciparumantigensare short-lived in the absence of repeatedP. falciparuminfection. Even short periods of malaria interruption may significantly decrease IFN-γresponses toP. falciparumantigens.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the gallbladder: comparison of fundamental, tissue harmonic, and pulse inversion harmonic imaging.
Authors: Hong H S , Han J K , Kim T K , Kim Y H , Kim J S , Cha J H , Choi B I
Published: January 2017

The purpose of our study was to compare pulse inversion harmonic imaging, tissue harmonic imaging, and fundamental imaging in the evaluation of normal and diseased gallbladder. Gallbladders in 170 patients were examined with fundamental imaging, tissue harmonic imaging, and pulse inversion harmonic imaging using a 2‐ to 5‐MHz curved array transducer. Images were divided into normal and abnormal groups. The sharpness of the wall and degree of internal artifact were evaluated in normal groups, and lesion conspicuity and internal artifact were evaluated in abnormal groups. In images of both normal and abnormal gallbladder, significant differences were demonstrated among the 3 imaging methods (P < .001), and pulse inversion harmonic imaging provided the best image quality and the least artifact. Tissue harmonic imaging was the next best, providing better image quality and less artifact than fundamental imaging. In conclusion, pulse inversion harmonic imaging provided the best image quality and the least artifact among the 3 ultrasonographic methods in the evaluation of both normal and abnormal gallbladder.
Prenatal ultrasonography and the diagnosis of fetal cleft lip.
Authors: Robinson J N , McElrath T F , Benson C B , Doubilet P M , Westgate M N , Holmes L , Lieberman E S , Norwitz E R
Published: January 2017

To determine the efficacy of obstetric ultrasonography in the detection of fetal cleft lip.

The study population included all women who had a fetal anatomic survey with adequate visualization of the face and who gave birth at Brigham and Women's Hospital between January 1, 1990, and January 31, 2000. All neonates born with cleft lip were identified from the Brigham and Women's Active Malformation Surveillance Program. Confirmation of the anatomic defect was obtained from the pediatric record or from the pathologic report if the pregnancy was terminated or ended in miscarriage. Cases of isolated cleft palate were excluded. An ultrasonography database was used to identify all cases of cleft lip diagnosed before delivery. Maternal information regarding the pregnancy was abstracted from the medical record. Statistical significance was determined using the chi2 statistic for categorical variables and the t test for continuous variables.

A total of 56 confirmed cases of cleft lip were identified in the study population. Overall, 73% of the cases (41 of 56) were identified antenatally. Additional fetal anomalies were present in 54% of the cases (30 of 56). A comparison between those cases that were detected and those in which the diagnosis was missed showed that there was a significantly lower detection rate if the ultrasonography was performed before 20 weeks (12 [57%] of 21 versus 29 [83%] of 35; P = .035). There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of maternal age or weight. Maternal parity, prior maternal abdominal surgery, the presence of a multiple gestation, or coexisting fetal anomalies did not significantly affect the detection rate. There was no difference in detection rate in the first half of the study period (1990‐1995; 23 [72%] of 32) compared with the second half (1996‐2000; 18 [76%] of 24; P = .79).

In this cohort of women, the rate of detection of fetal cleft lip was significantly lower when the anatomic survey was performed before 20 weeks' gestation. This difference could not be accounted for by such variables as prior maternal abdominal surgery, coexisting fetal anomalies, or improvements in ultrasonographic detection with time. We recommend that the anatomic survey for fetuses at high risk for this condition be performed after 20 weeks' gestation.
Spectrum of normal intrauterine cavity sonographic findings after first‐trimester abortion.
Authors: Bar-Hava I , Aschkenazi S , Orvieto R , Perri T , Shalev J , Dicker D , Ben-Rafael Z , Dekel A
Published: January 2017

To characterize the sonographic appearance of the uterine cavity after uncomplicated first‐trimester abortion.

Women who underwent uterine evacuation for first‐trimester abortion were referred for endovaginal sonographic examination within the week after the procedure. Special attention was directed to characterizing the intrauterine cavity. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected. A repeated postmenstrual examination was carried out in selected cases.

In all, 57, 10, and 7 sonographic examinations were performed after termination of pregnancy, incomplete (spontaneous) abortion, and missed abortion, respectively. Fifty‐seven (77%) of the 74 examinations showed considerable amounts of intrauterine content with various echogenicities (anteroposterior thickness range, 7‐61 mm). No association could be documented between the pattern of appearance and gravidity, parity, gestational age, or type of abortion procedure. All postmenstrual reevaluations of patients with excessive amounts of intrauterine material at the initial examination (n = 7) showed empty intrauterine cavities.

Within the week after first‐trimester abortion, the uterine cavity is seldom empty. Thick heterogeneous material is an expected finding after examination. By being familiar with this normal range of appearances, clinicians can avoid unnecessary repeated invasive evacuation procedures. A follow‐up sonographic evaluation during the follicular phase of the next menstrual cycle is recommended to confirm the absence of retained products of pregnancy.
Assessment of endometrial receptivity by transvaginal color Doppler and three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures.
Authors: Kupesic S , Bekavac I , Bjelos D , Kurjak A
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of transvaginal color Doppler and three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of endometrial receptivity. A total of 89 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures were evaluated for endometrial thickness and volume, endometrial morphology, and subendometrial perfusion on the day of embryo transfer. Neither the volume nor the thickness of the endometrium on the day of embryo transfer had a predictive value for conception during in vitro fertilization cycles (P > .05). Patients who became pregnant were characterized by a significantly lower resistance index, obtained from subendometrial vessels by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography (resistance index = 0.53 +/‐ 0.04 versus 0.64 +/‐ 0.04, pregnant versus not pregnant, respectively; P < .05), and a significantly higher flow index (13.2 +/‐ 2.2 versus 11.9 +/‐ 2.4; P < .05), as measured by a three‐dimensional power Doppler histogram. No difference was found in the predictive value of scoring systems analyzing endometrial thickness and volume, endometrial morphology, and subendometrial perfusion by color Doppler and three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography. The high degree of endometrial perfusion shown by color Doppler ultrasonography and on three‐dimensional power Doppler histograms on the day of embryo transfer can indicate a more favorable endometrial milieu for successful in vitro fertilization.
Attenuation coefficient and sound speed in human myometrium and uterine fibroid tumors.
Authors: Keshavarzi A , Vaezy S , Kaczkowski P J , Keilman G , Martin R , Chi E Y , Garcia R , Fujimoto V Y
Published: January 2017

To develop a noninvasive method for treatment of uterine fibroid tumors using high‐intensity focused ultrasound. Optimal high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment would be dependent on quantitative information about ultrasonic tissue characteristics.

Ultrasonic attenuation and the sound speed of fresh human fibroid tumors and myometrium were measured as a function of frequency (1‐3 MHz) by using a pulse transmission technique before and after in vitro high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment (3.5 MHz at an intensity of 2,000 W/cm2).

The ranges of the attenuation coefficients, before and after high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment, were 0.9 to 2.2 and 1.8 to 3.9 dB/cm2, respectively, for fibroid tumors and 0.5 to 1.6 and 1.7 to 3.3 dB/cm2, respectively, for myometrium. Although the sound speed appeared to be independent of frequency (1,611 to 1,616 m/s at 1 to 3 MHz) in both types of tissues, a slight increase of approximately 4 to 14 m/s was observed after high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment.

The results of this study represent our first reported values of the attenuation coefficient and sound speed in fibroid tumors and myometrium before and after high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment.
Quantifying B‐mode images of in vivo rat mammary tumors by the frequency dependence of backscatter.
Authors: Topp K A , Zachary J F , O'Brien W D
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscatter for its ability to differentiate between neoplastic and healthy tissue.

Standard B‐mode images were created of 5 rats with spontaneous mammary tumors, and regions of interest in the lesion and surrounding tissue were parameterized by the slope of the backscatter amplitude versus frequency.

In 4 of the 5 rats, the averaged backscatter slope of the regions of interest in the tumor was significantly (P < .05) different from that of the surrounding tissue, and the fifth case had a moderate difference (P = .20). The consistency of the averaged slope values (1.2‐1.8 dB/MHz) across all but 1 of the mammary tumors was encouraging for the prospect of identifying a tissue type by its backscatter slope.

This work suggests that characterization and diagnosis of tissue types may be possible by using ultrasonographic images quantified by the frequency dependence of backscatter.