bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de Qualidade de Vida: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Ruidiaz-Gómez Keydis Sulay , Cacante-Caballero Jasmin Viviana
Published: October 2021

Introdução: Qualidade de vida é um conceito multidimensional influenciado pela saúde física, estado psicológico, nível de independência, condições de vida e relações sociais do indivíduo. Esta revisão analisa os aspectos conceituais e teóricos que o conceito de qualidade de vida incorpora e as suas contribuições em diferentes disciplinas. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura. Foram consultados 16 artigos publicados em espanhol, inglês e português nos bancos de dados Scopus, Scielo, Ovid, Medline, Google Scholar e Jstor publicados entre 1993 e 2017; a estratégia de busca foi estabelecida com os descritores Qualidade de vida, história, e conceito. Itens representados no fluxograma da escala PRISMA. Resultados: Nasce o conceito de qualidade de vida nas ciências econômicas, incorporado nas ciências sociais e da saúde. Possui domínios comuns como: saúde, social, econômico, político, psicológico-espiritual, familiar e bem-estar subjetivo. Conclusões: A análise conceitual oferece uma visão integrativa que fornece clareza conceitual nos resultados da pesquisa, prática clínica e desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico
Carga del cuidador y resiliencia de enfermeros en atención domiciliaria durante pandemia covid-19
Authors: Henao-Castaño Angela Maria , Blanco-Caviedes Jeimmy Johana , Fajardo-Ramos Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

La necesidad de servicios de atención domiciliaria especialmente para adultos mayores va en aumento, y en época de pandemia hacen de los cuidadores formales el soporte de esta atención llevándolos a presentar carga de cuidador. Objetivo. Describir la carga del cuidador y resiliencia de los enfermeros que brindan cuidado en programas de atención domiciliaria en época de pandemia. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en Institución prestadora de salud de atención domiciliaria en el mes de noviembre del 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 20 enfermeros. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó la Escala de resiliencia de Wagnild, & Young, y  carga de cuidador de Zarit. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó IBM SPSS Statistics 22, del cual se obtuvo estadística descriptiva e inferencial, como medias, desviaciones estándar, frecuencias, porcentajes y prueba de Fisher. Resultados. El 94% de los cuidadores formales eran mujeres, se evidencio carga intensa en el 20% de los cuidadores y bajo nivel de resiliencia en aquellos cuidadores que viven con sus hermanos y un alto nivel de resiliencia en cuidadores que viven solos, independientes. Conclusión.  En épocas de pandemia las responsabilidades laborales en la atención domiciliaria especialmente de adultos mayores aumentan, las amenazas del medio, y los aspectos personales del cuidador formal como el número de personas a cargo hacen que en esta época las condiciones laborales y personales se tornen difíciles de llevar, acarreando una disposición para presentar carga del cuidador
The effect of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the degree of compliance with IFRS Standards in developing countries
Authors: Chaieb Souad
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to highlight the cultural impact of Hofstede (1980) on the degree of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 55 developing countries for the year 2014, based on the method adopted by Elad (2015) in order to identify IFRS Standards. Results show that culture (by means of three components, namely power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity) does not promote the degree of compliance with IFRS. However, only one significant relationship was found between individualism and the degree of compliance with IFRS Standards. This finding confirms Gray’s (1988) observation that individualism fosters a climate of transparency and professionalism
Liquidity regulations and bank behavior: An emerging markets perspective
Authors: Mashamba Tafirei
Published: October 2021

The 2007 to 2009 global financial crisis significantly affected the funding structures of banks, especially internationally active ones (Gambacorta, Schiaffi, & Van Rixtel, 2017). This paper examines the impact of liquidity regulations, in particular, the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), on funding structures of commercial banks operating in emerging markets over the period 2011 to 2016. Similar to Behn, Daminato, and Salleo (2019) who developed a dynamic partial equilibrium model to examine capital and liquidity adjustments, this paper develops three dynamic error component adjustment models and estimates them using the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to analyze funding adjustments adopted by banks in emerging markets in response to the LCR requirement. The results revealed that banks in emerging markets responded to binding liquidity regulations by increasing deposit, equity as well as long-term funding. In terms of the magnitude of response, deposit funding was found to be more responsive to the LCR rule while the elasticity of equity and long-term funding to the LCR specification was found to be weak. The weak response of equity and long-term funding to liquidity standards was attributed to low levels of capital market development in emerging markets (Bonner, van Lelyveld, & Zymek, 2015). By and large, the results suggest that Basel III liquidity regulations have been effective in persuading banks in emerging market economies to fund their business activities with stable funding instruments. Based on this evidence, the study supports the adoption of Basel III liquidity regulations in emerging markets. Moreover, policymakers in emerging market economies should monitor competition for retail deposits to safeguard the benefits of the LCR rule and pay more attention to developing capital markets.
A magnet to draw a bright needle out from the haystack -- RADOrgMiner, an automated pipeline to genotype organellar reads from RADseq data
Authors: Laczkó Levente , Jordán Sándor , Sramkó Gábor
Published: October 2021

Different versions of Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing
(RADseq) have become powerful and popular tools in molecular ecology.
Although RADseq datasets are regarded as representative of the nuclear
genome, reduced representation genomic libraries may also sample the
organellar (mitochondrial and, in case of plants, plastid) DNA.
Extraction of organellar loci from RADseq data can provide additional
insights into the phylogenetics of the study group which comes at no
additional sequencing effort. Cytoplasmic genetic variance can help
better understand the evolutionary history by uncovering past
hybridization and identifying the maternal (or, rarely, the paternal)
lineage due to rapid lineage sorting. We developed a pipeline in bash
that is based on existing bioinformatic tools to automatically mine and
genotype organellar loci contained RADseq libraries. The utility of our
pipeline is tested on eight, publicly available datasets spanning
different phylogenetic levels (i.e. from family-level phylogenies to
phylogeography) and RADseq methods (sdRAD, ddRAD, ezRAD, GBS) for
genotyping both mitochondrial and plastid loci, which were subject to
phylogenetic tree reconstruction. In all cases, organellar phylogenies
adequately supplemented the original studies either by corroborating the
large-scale picture based on RADseq or by bringing additional evidence
on past or contemporary hybridization. RADseq methods designed to
achieve a larger horizontal coverage (i.e. ddRAD, ezRAD) evidently
yielded longer organellar alignments, but sdRAD and GBS still provided
useful polymorphic loci found in the cytoplasmic DNA. Our newly
developed pipeline for the above purpose can be run under a Unix-line
operating system and is freely accessible at
https://github.com/laczkol/RADOrgMiner
VITAMIN D LEVELS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Queiroz Dayanna , Silva Alexandre , Junior Celso C S Junior , Persuh Darlene , Diniz Alcides , Lima Rafaela , Paiva Maria Paula , Cartaxo Constantino , Bezerra Patricia , Goncalves Maria da Conceição , Ribeiro Mateus
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis is a disease that causes inflammation,
oxidative stress and metabolic changes that lead to nutrient deficiency,
such as vitamin D. On the other hand, it is suggested that vitamin D has
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. Objective: To evaluate the
prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the association between serum 25
hydroxyvitamin D levels with markers of oxidative stress and
inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Method: Cross-sectional
study carried out with 48 patients with Cystic Fibrosis in children,
adolescents and adults in the Northeast region/Brazil. Blood collection
was performed for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, parathyroid
hormone, inflammatory process (C-reactive protein -PCR and alpha-1-acid
glycoprotein-A1-A1GPA) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde-MDA and
total antioxidant capacity-CAOT. Statistical analysis was performed
using the “Statistical Pacage for the Social Sciences”, adopting a
significance level of p<0.05. Results:
Insufficiency/deficiency of D was found in 64.6% of patients. After
multiple linear regression analysis, MDA showed an inverse association
with blood values of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.05) Results:
Insufficiency/deficiency of D was found in 64.6% of patients. After
multiple linear regression analysis, MDA showed an inverse association
with blood values of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.05)
conditioned on the presence of inflammatory process markers. When only
oxidative stress is evaluated, this association disappears. Conclusion:
In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, with 25
(OHD) levels associated with greater oxidative stress when combined with
inflammatory markers. Improved vitamin D levels may be an alternative to
reduce the damage caused by excess oxidative stress and inflammation in
CF patients.
Characterization of homological properties of θ-Lau product of Banach algebras
Authors: Essmaili Morteza , Rejali Ali , Marzijarani Azam
Published: October 2021

Let A and B be two Banach algebras and ?? ?(B): In this paper, we
investigate biprojectivity and biflatness of ?-Lau product of Banach
algebras A x? B. Indeed, we show that A x? B is biprojective if and only if
A is contractible and B is biprojective. This generalizes some known
results. Moreover, we characterize biflatness of ?-Lau product of Banach
algebras under some conditions. As an application, we give an example of
biflat Banach algebras A and X such that the generalized module extension
Banach algebra X o A is not biflat. Finally, we characterize
pseudo-contractibility of ?-Lau product of Banach algebras and give an
affirmative answer to an open question.
Composition of wavelet transforms and wave packet transform involving Kontorovich-Lebedev transform
Authors: Mandal U.K. , Verma Sandeep , Prasad Akhilesh
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this paper is to study the composition of continuous
Kontorovich-Lebedev wavelet transform (KL-wavelet transform) and wave packet
transform (WPT) based on the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform (KL-transform).
Estimates for KL-wavelet and KL-wavelet transform are obtained, and
Plancherel?s relation for composition of KL-wavelet transform and
WPT-transform are derived. Reconstruction formula for WPT associated to
KL-transform is also deduced and at the end Calderon?s formula related to
KL-transform using its convolution property is obtained.
Weak KKM set-valued mappings in hyperconvex metric spaces
Authors: Agarwal Ravi , Balaj Mircea , O’Regan Donal
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the concept of weak KKM set-valued mapping is extended from
topological vector spaces to hyperconvex metric spaces. For these mappings
we obtain several intersection theorems that prove to be useful in
establishing existence criteria for weak and strong solutions of the general
variational inequality problem and minimax inequalities.
Classes of harmonic functions in 2D generalized Poincaré geometry
Authors: Bercu Gabriel , Crasmareanu Mircea
Published: October 2021

By using the additive and multiplicative separation of variables we find some
classes of solutions of the Laplace equation for a generalization of the
Poincar? upper half plane metric. Non-constant totally geodesic functions
implies the flat metric and several examples are studied including the
Hamilton?s cigar Ricci soliton. The Bochner formula is discussed for our
generalized Poincar? metric and for its important particular cases.
A new quaternion valued frame of curves with an application
Authors: Cansu Gizem , Yaylı Yusuf , Gök İsmail
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper is to obtain a new version of Serret-Frenet formulae for
a quaternionic curve in R4 by using the method given by Bharathi and
Nagaraj. Then, we define quaternionic helices in H named as quaternionic
right and left X-helix with the help of given a unit vector field X. Since
the quaternion product is not commutative, the authors ([4], [7]) have used
by one-sided multiplication to find a space curve related to a given
quaternionic curve in previous studies. Firstly, we obtain new expressions
by using the right product and the left product for quaternions. Then, we
generalized the construction of Serret-Frenet formulae of quaternionic
curves. Finally, as an application, we obtain an example that supports the
theory of this paper.
Bewilderment between Might and Right: Tawfiq al-Hakim’s The Sultan’s Dilemma (al- Sulṭan al-Ha’ir)
Authors: Taher Muhi Maysoon
Published: October 2021

The Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim (1898- 1987) is one of the leading figures in Arabic literature and drama. In his masterpiece, The Sultan’s Dilemma (1960), al-Hakim discusses an eternal question, which is mightier and has a lasting, influential role. Is it the power of authority or the power of the principles? Is it the sword or the law? The play is set in the medieval past, but its moral is addressed to the modern world. It explores the legitimacy of power through the character of a Mamluk Sultan raised into power. Suddenly, this Sultan faced a dilemma that he is neither a legible ruler nor released from the slavery of the earlier Sultan. Hence, the Sultan finds himself trapped between using forceful authority to establish his kinghood or applying the rightful law that might be difficult to be achieved, and it might take time. Sultan’s dilemma symbolizes the political predicament that the modern world is facing.
Historia oficial del siglo XX en Latinoamérica: desde la mirada histórica en clave decolonial, en las instituciones educativas colegio UPB y Corferrini, grados 11° y CLEI 6. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Loaiza González Santiago , Bedoya de León Juan David , Posada Ortiz José Hamilton
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación identifica la existencia de las formas epistemológicas que han permanecido en las instituciones educativas, las cuales están enmarcadas por un desconocimiento de las posturas históricas del pensamiento decolonial, puesto que le han dado preponderancia a una enseñanza de la historia en donde el pensamiento oficial es el “verdadero” (Dussel, Filosofía de la Liberación , 1980, pág. 12) En este sentido, la presente investigación, por medio del paradigma cualitativo y un enfoque hermenéutico, ve en los colegios de la UPB y Corferrini un elemento importante, pues por sus condiciones disimiles, posibilitan una relación cara-a-cara con los estudiantes en torno a la conversación desde posturas académicas y vivenciales sobre los desarrollos políticos, culturas, económicos y sociales del siglo XX, desde una mirada en clave decolonial.
LA PRÁCTICA DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL EN LA MINERÍA LATINOAMERICANA
Authors: Pertuz Martinez Aylin Patricia
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo, de naturaleza analítica interpretativa, describe los principales postulados, hallazgos y conclusiones de diversos autores  acerca de la Responsabilidad Social en las empresas del sector minero latinoamericano. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en revisar el estado del arte de la RSE en éste sector. Se concluye que los estudios o escritos acerca de la implementación de la RSE presentan distintos resultados, que incluyen posturas positivas, negativas, críticas o esperanzadoras. En América Latina el sector ha  tenido avances, pero deben tomarse medidas urgentes para mejorar y garantizar el cumplimiento de la normatividad, dado que los gobiernos latinoamericanos han sido laxos en el control de la misma, permitiendo de esta manera, graves afectaciones sociales, culturales, ambientales y económicos, que atentan contra la sostenibilidad planetaria de las comunidades actuales y futuras.Palabras claves: RSE, Sostenibilidad, Sustentabilidad, minería, Latinoamérica
MIRADA A LA VALORACIÓN EMPRESARIAL COMO MÉTODO AUTORITARIO EN LAS MIPYMES
Authors: PACHECO RUIZ CARLOS , BERMUDEZ FUENTES JORGE
Published: October 2021

Este estudio tiene como propósito mostrar la valoración de empresas como forma autoritaria para la comprensión de valor en las Mipymes. Basados en la revisión oportunista de la literatura económica y financiera, se realizó un ejercicio de reflexión apoyado en los distintos modelos de valoración empresarial aplicables a las Mipymes, que llevaron a mostrar algunas concepciones de valor y medición, difundidas en el mundo y que son vistas como fiables, teniendo como factor clave para determinar un método de valoración, el saber decidir qué tan avanzado es el modelo de negocio.  Se concluye que para la toma de decisiones, los propietarios usan modelos documentados o mentales basados en el multicriterio, los métodos de valoración de empresas son dinámicos y se adaptan a las transformaciones sociales y empresariales brindando seguridad y una supuesta precisión que es aceptada bajo mediciones por autoridad, teniendo en cuenta que el valor se basa en estimaciones y juicios en lugar de verdades absolutas.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE TEACEHR TRAININGS IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA EDUCATION
Authors: Samvel Asatryan Miopap
Published: October 2021

Today, the field of education is considered to be one of the important links that educates and brings up not only students, but also raises many demands and problems in the field of teacher certification and training. Educational changes, in turn, provide for the revision of curricula and the introduction of various media tools that allow the current conditions to be implemented not only on existing but also on remote platforms. To conduct education on these platforms, teachers participate in and train in seminars, webinars and courses at various educational institutions. As a result, they can easily switch from one platform to another and integrate into the new classroom gauge. They are able to participate in these trainings and a number of educational programs through the online platform, which is wider and more numerous than in the present case. The online platform is rapidly stabilizing its position in the field of education, already recording its success and effectiveness.
IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERT TRAINING ISSUES OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: PETROSYAN HAYK , SARATIKYAN LILIT , HOVHANNISYAN ARUSYAK
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors present the issues of introduction of inclusive education and training in this area. Based on the results of the study, the problems of inclusive education and socialization of children with special educational needs and their solutions are covered in this article. In the matter of implementation of inclusive education authors of the paper, giving special importance to training and retraining of teachers, they are designed for the undergraduate curriculum on “Theory and practice of inclusive education” for all teaching specialties . Also it presents the results of a study conducted in the framework of the “Education for All” organized by the Armenian State Pedagogical University named after Kh. Abovyan, with the support of NGO’s “Bridge of Hope” and “Mission East” as well as with the cooperation of international experts, professors of the University of Oulu in Finland, Tom Vilpola and Marco Kielineni.
Fenomenologia Clínica das Perturbaçoes da Personalidade
Authors: Rodrigues Victor Amorim
Published: October 2021

Personality disorders are among the most intriguing and fascinating mental disorders. As they are characterized by pathological traits, not signs and symptoms, they are unsuitable for treatment with psychotropic drugs or other biological treatments.

A psychological understanding of these disorders is possible based on cognitive or psycho-dynamic explanations but the author argues that these theoretical models miss the essential point, as they Jack a foundational ground on what is specifically human in human beings, their humanitas. Any deviation from this ground might lead to the so called de-humanization of medicine or other clinical disciplines.

This paper proposes an existential understanding of personality disorders grounded on the being of man. A clinical practice oriented towards the phenomenological method conceives human beings as an “opening of meaning” where the entities of the world can show themselves. The “opening” however is structured and if one revealed content (for instance a biographical event) is misunderstood as a structural component that might generate a set of interrelated pathological personality traits.

A clinical case is presented to illustrate this process.
Razão Prática: Reflexões husserlianas sobre o conceito de Norma
Authors: Alves Pedro M.S.
Published: October 2021

I discuss Husserl’s concept of norm, and its relevance for a phenomenology of practical reason. I confront Husserl with Wilhelm Wundt, Hans Kelsen, and Carl Schmitt about, respectively, what a norm is, about the relation between theoretical and normative sciences, and, finally, about the creation of political concepts within European culture. In the last section, I develop some theoretical insights about the constitutive character of normative consciousness, abandoning Searle’s distinction between constitutive and regulative rules. I stress also the importance of a phenomenology of plural and collective subjectivity in order to develop a phenomenological theory of state and normative experience.
A dúvida de Cézanne como propedêutica da arte no século XXI
Authors: Castro Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Starting from the question of Émile Bernard to Cézanne: “nature and art are not different?”, and the painter’s answer: “ I would like to join them”, we thought that it would be possible to link the spirit of this sentence with the advances of the art in the 21st century. Cézanne’s attitude designs the union between the two realities: art and nature. This union, in the 21st century, has a new artistic representation called bio-art. With bio-art the dichotomy between art and nature disappears and the artistic-scientific product, as a phenomenological object, is a new substance and opens a new ontology.
Configurações Da Filosofia: O Percurso Escolar No Estado Novo
Authors: Nogueira Luísa
Published: October 2021

This article puts forward the following thesis: the legitimation of school subjects stems from an acknowledged epistemic field, from a science in its broadest sense. The more school subjects deviate from the science from which they originate the more they become weaken and disfigured. A focus on the Estado Novo period in Portugal allows for a particular understanding and emphasis placed on the context which legitimises Philosophy as a school subject in middle school. Thus, this article examines the avenues followed by Philosophy as a school subject in this particular historical period, accounting for and explaining the link between educational and instructional plans, the interference of ideology and education policy, and the transformation of school into an instrument of political, ideological education.
Traços fenomenológicos no pensamento jurídico de Luís Cabral de Moncada
Authors: de Sousa Ana Paula Loureiro
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I stress the importance of Luís Cabral de Moncada for the resettlement of the Philosophy of Law in the Portuguese university. I focus my attention on the overthrown of Positivism, and, as a consequence, on the reintroducing of axiological and ethical issues in the foundations of positive law. In so doing, I consider the relevance Phenomenology had for Moncada’ s theory of law, namely the theory of eidetic insight, and, particularly, the phenomenology of values. Moncada’s appropriation of some phenomenological themes and concepts was developed in a close contact with Husserl, Scheler, and Nicolai Hartrnann.
Effects of reducing and enforcing speed limits in selected arterial roads in Bogota
Authors: López José Segundo , Perez-Barbosa David , Lleras Natalia , Hidalgo Darió , Adriazola-Steil Claudia
Published: October 2021

In Bogota, the speed limit in five corridors with the highest concentration of traffic crashes victims in the city was reduced from 60 to 50 km/h since November 2018. The average speed reduction in the corridors with speed management was 1.48 km/h during daytime and 3.04 km/h during nighttime. In arterial corridors without speed management, the average speed reduction was 0.7 km/h during daytime and 2.2 km/h during nighttime. The speed management measure influenced a reduction of 16.6% in the number of fatalities and an 10.5% increase of crashes with injuries. The severity of the crashes decreased. The average count of run over crashes was also reduced by 10%. Changes in the geographical distribution of crashes with injuries and fatalities along the corridors with speed management indicate the necessity to implement stricter enforcement measures to increase the effectiveness of speed management operations during nighttime.
Modern chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Part I
Authors: Britsun Vasyl M. , Simurova Nataliya V. , Popova Inna V. , Simurov Oleksii V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To generalize and systematize information on the properties of modern chemical disinfectants and antiseptic agents (DA and AA).Results and discussion. The review provides generalized and systematized information on the properties of modern chemical DA and AA – alkylating reagents, aldehydes, amides, amidines, bisguanidines, dyes, halogenated reagents, halogens and their complexes, 2-nitrofuran derivatives. The classification of DA and AA by their chemical structure was carried out. The activity spectra, possible application ways and forms of DA and AA were given. Their toxicity and impact on the environment were described as well.Conclusions. On the basis of the analysis carried out it was shown that aldehydes, halogen-active compounds and halogen-containing complexes are modern effective DA and AA with a wide spectrum of biocidal action. Amides, amidines and bisguanidines are characterized by a narrow spectrum of activity. Dyes and 2-nitrofuran derivatives are old-fashioned antiseptics.
The determination of the cholinesterase activity using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as an indicator
Authors: Koval’ska Olena V. , Blazheyevskіy Mykola Ye. , Diadchenko Vladislav V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To develop a new method, which has a good reproducibility of the experimental results, is fast, cheap and provides safe working conditions during the analysis, in order to determine the activity of cholinesterase.Experimental part. The light absorption of the test and control samples was measured using a CPhC-3-01 photoelectric photometer (420 nm, l = 3 cm). The reaction rate was characterized by the value of the optical density of the solution in 10 min (the fixed time method). Measurements were performed at +37 °C, the temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained by thermostatіng in water, the pH of the solutions was monitored potentiometrically using a glass electrode. The determination was repeated five times with each solution of a certain concentration of the enzyme. According to the average values obtained, the calibration graph of the specific activity of the enzyme (in international units – activity unit (AU/mg) – kmol/min to 1 mg of the substance) on the optical density of the solution was constructed. Using the mean value of five measurements of the optical density of the test solution the specific activity of the enzyme (U) was found by the calibration graph.Results and discussion. The essence of the method is the photometrical measurement of the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine in a buffer medium using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of the substrate was performed at pH 8.3, and in 10 min after the start the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine was measured. The linear dependence of the optical density on the specific activity of the enzyme (U) was observed in the range of 3.5 – 28 AU/mg (activity unit/mg). The activity of the enzyme, according to the average results of 5 measurements, was 27.9 AU/mg. The declared activity the enzyme in accordance with the quality certificate was 28 AU/mg. The limit of quantification was 0.2 AU/mg. Metrological characteristics of the method were as follows: RSD = 1.8 % (n = 5; P = 0.95), accuracy – 0.45 %. These values indicate that the method proposed for determining the activity of cholinesterase is characterized by high sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility of the results. At the same time, it was proven that there was no systematic error in determining the activity of cholinesterase by the method developed.Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted a new method for determining the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme has been developed; it is characterized by high sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility of the results, and also provides safe working conditions during the analysis.
El valor social como factor estratégico en la gestión patrimonial y turística: el caso del sitio patrimonio de la humanidad Cueva de Altamira (España)
Authors:   Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (España), Parga Dan Evas , Alonso González Pablo ,   Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (España), Otero Enríquez Raimundo ,   Universidade da Coruña (España), Barreiro David ,   Incipit‑CSIC (España), Criado Boado Felipe ,   Incipit‑CSIC (España)
Published: October 2021

The social dimension of value has become a cornerstone of the debate about tourism conservation, management and sustainability in relation to cultural heritage. This article examines the role of social value in heritage management and tourism promotion through the case of the Altamira Cave as a UNESCO World Heritage site by analysing the perspectives of non‑expert actors in heritage management. To do this, two surveys were conducted, one aimed at visitors (1047 valid questionnaires) and the other at the Spanish population at large as the host community (1000 valid questionnaires). The results show how these agents interpret the existence, aesthetic, economic and legacy value in ways that differ from those of the experts, deepening the complex relationship between heritage promotion and preservation, and broadening the debate on how social value can contribute to strengthen the international and national image of heritage destinations in the face of the uncertain future of the global tourism market.
O engajamento on‑line do consumidor em mídias sociais de serviços turísticos: uma análise comparativa entre as companhias aéreas brasileiras a partir de suas fanpages
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brasil), Arruda Jacilene Barbosa de , Durão André Falcão ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brasil), Silva Alexandre César Batista da ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brasil), Silveira Carla Borba da Mota ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brasil)
Published: October 2021

The overall objective of the research was to analyse how air companies engage with their clients in their respective fan_pages of their regions. The methodology used was critical discourse analysis of air companies fan‑pages. This is exploratory‑descriptive research, with a qualitative approach and the study of multiple cases as a research strategy. The results show that airline fan pages need greater updating, video posts, longer postings, and greater reponse to their users.
Ampla abordagem sobre a sífilis congênita: revisão narrativa
Authors: Lopes Amanda Brandão , Werner Isabella Alvim , Fonseca Roberta Médice , Pinto Brunna Aquino de Souza , Depe Isa , Fernandes Henrique Santos , Mangini Marcelo de Souza , Vilela Thiago de Moraes , Nunes Patrícia Pimenta , Machado Mellissa Aleixo
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Fornecer através de uma revisão narrativa uma ampla abordagem sobre a Sífilis Congênita (SC). Revisão bibliográfica: A sífilis é uma doença bacteriana causada pelo Treponema Pallidum que pode ser transmitida de forma sexual ou vertical. No caso da SC, o bebê contrai a doença através da placenta ainda no útero da mãe contaminada, em qualquer estágio da gestação. O diagnóstico é realizado com base na história materna, por isso, um pré-natal de qualidade é determinante no controle da doença. O recém-nascido com SC é, na maioria das vezes, assintomático ao nascimento. A doença é capaz de afetar os diversos sistemas orgânicos e as manifestações clínicas são divididas em precoces e tardias. O tratamento é realizado com penicilina benzatina, procaína ou cristalina a depender do estágio da doença. Considerações finais: A sífilis congênita pode ser facilmente prevenida por meio do pré-natal adequado, onde serão realizados o diagnóstico e tratamento da gestante, evitando dessa forma a transmissão para o feto. Uma vez constatada a SC, o bebê deve ser adequadamente tratado e receber acompanhamento multiprofissional, com o objetivo de evitar ao máximo as sequelas da doença.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Somensi Danusa Neves , de Sousa Emanuel de Jesus Soares , Lopes Geovanna Lemos , de Sousa Gustavo Celeira , Xavier Marilia Brasil
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Neuropathic pain is a common and disabling late complication of leprosy. We investigated the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients by evaluating nerve conduction, sympathetic skin response (SSR) and A-waves.

Methods

Twenty one leprosy patients with neuropathic pain validated by the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4)Questionnaire were selected for study. Pain intensity was measured by the visual analog scale. Demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients. Clinical data included appraisal of the median, ulnar, radial, tibial and common peroneal nerves, assessment of the sympathetic skin response and conventional electrophysiological recordings.

Results

Among all electroneuromyographic presentations, multifocal mononeuropathy was still the most prevalent. Sensory loss was observed more frequently than motor deficits. As most patients presented advanced clinical forms of leprosy and were under treatment, this high mean was found and the ulnar nerve was most frequently affected. The sympathetic skin response was absent in 16 patients. Higher DN4 Questionnaire scores were observed in women and in those receiving corticosteroid therapy. These inferences are possible to be made, but our study's limitations don't allow us to be certain about it. The statistical significance found only permits us to evidence what we related on the textual part of the study.

Limitations

The small number of patients studied, the lack of sophisticated diagnostic methods for leprosy, as well as the difficulties in assessing nerve conduction were the main limitations of this study.

Conclusion

The neurophysiological and clinical findings in leprous neuropathy were modest despite the conspicuous neuropathic pain. Although electrophysiological studies are a vital tool to verify nerve damage, variations in the clinical presentation of leprosy neuropathic pain render the diagnosis challenging. Further studies are needed to describe the neurophysiological evolution of this disease.
Ventriculo-atrial shunt. Comparison of an ultrasound-guided peel-away technique versus conventional technique in the management of normal pressure hydrocephalus: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Segura-Hernández Andrés , Hakim Fernando , Ramón Juan F. , Jiménez-Hakim Enrique , Mejía-Cordovez Juan A. , Quintero-Rueda Diego , Araque-Puello Yessid , Pedraza-Ciro Camila , Leal-Isaza Juan P. , Mendoza-Mantilla Juliana , Robles Vanesa , Gonzalez Martina , Jaramillo-Velásquez Daniel , Gómez Diego F.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a common neurodegenerative syndrome among the elderly characterized by ventriculomegaly and the classic triad of symmetric gait disturbance, cognitive decline and urinary incontinence. To date, the only effective treatment is a cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedure that can either be ventriculo-atrial, ventriculo-peritoneal, or lumbo-peritoneal shunt. The conventional ventriculo-atrial shunt uses venodissection, whereas the peel-away is a percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided technique that shows some advantages over conventional technique. We sought to compare perioperative complication rates, mean operating time and clinical outcomes for both techniques in NPH patients at our institution.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort-type analytical study was conducted, using clinical record data of patients diagnosed with NPH and treated at our center from January 2009 to September 2019. Parameters to be compared include: Perioperative complication rates, intraoperative bleeding, mortality, and mean operating time. Perioperative complication rates are those device-related such as shunt infection, dysfunction, and those associated with the procedure. Complications are further classified in immediate (occurring during the first inpatient stay), early (within the first 30 days of surgery), and late (after day 30 of surgery).

Results:

A total of 123 patients underwent ventriculo-atrial shunt. Eighty-two patients (67%) underwent conventional venodissection technique and 41 patients (33%) underwent a peel-away technique. Immediate complications were 3 (3.6%) and 0 for conventional and peel-away groups, respectively. Early complications were 0 and 1 (2.4%) for conventional and peel-away groups, respectively. Late complications were 5 (6.1%) and 2 (4.9%) for conventional and peel-away groups, respectively. Mean operating time was lower in the peel-away group (P = 0.0000) and mortality was 0 for both groups.

Conclusion:

Ventriculo-atrial shunt is an effective procedure for patients with NPH. When comparing the conventional venodissection technique with a percutaneous US-guided peel-away technique, the latter offers advantages such as shorter operating time and lower perioperative complication rates.
Hypertrophy of the tensor fascia lata: A pseudotumor due to lumbar radiculopathy
Authors: Shields Lisa B.E. , Iyer Vasudeva , Bhupalam Rukmaiah C. , Zhang Yi Ping , Shields Christopher B.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Pseudotumor of the tensor fascia lata (TFL) consists of a rare, benign soft tissue mass/hypertrophy of the TFL that appears on the anterolateral aspect of the proximal thigh. Notably, this condition often mimics a malignant tumor and may be misdiagnosed as a sarcoma.

Case Description:

A 45-year-old male presented with left hip/groin pain, swelling, and a painful mass on the anterolateral aspect of the left hip/thigh. The symptoms had started 3 months ago following an L1-S1 lumbar laminectomy/fusion. The initial diagnosis was hip disease, and the patient underwent a left MR arthrogram. When this study demonstrated a tear of the left anterosuperior acetabular labrum plus an increased alpha angle causing femoroacetabular impingement, the patient then underwent a left hip arthroscopy. However, as he continued to complain of the hip mass, he was referred to an orthopedic oncologist whose presumptive diagnosis favored a sarcoma. Nevertheless, the pelvic MRI scan and ultrasound (US) confirmed the diagnosis of hypertrophy of the left TFL (US left 33.4 mm vs. right 14.4 mm). The patient was first treated with 50 units of locally injected botulinum. As there was no symptomatic relief, the plan was to repeat the injection within the next few months.

Conclusion:

Hypertrophy of TFL may mimic a neoplasm such as a sarcoma and contributes to what appears to be a lumbar radiculopathy. However, MR and US imaging should readily identify TFL and rule out malignant lesions such as sarcomas.
Perspective on robotic spine surgery: Who’s doing the thinking?
Authors: Epstein Nancy E
Published: October 2021

Background:

Robotic assisted (RA) spine surgery was developed to reduce the morbidity for misplaced thoracolumbar (TL) pedicle screws (PS) resulting in neurovascular injuries, dural fistulas, and/or visceral/other injuries. RA is gaining the attention of spine surgeons to optimize the placement of TL PSs, and to do this more safely/effectively versus utilizing stereotactic navigation alone, or predominantly free hand (FH) techniques. However, little attention is being focused on whether a significant number of these TL RA instrumented fusions are necessary.

Methods:

RA spine surgery has been developed to improve the safety, efficacy, and accuracy of minimally invasive TL versus open FH PS placement.

Results:

Theoretical benefits of RA spine surgery include; enhanced accuracy of screw placement, fewer complications, less radiation exposure, smaller incisions, to minimize blood loss, reduce infection rates, shorten operative times, reduce postoperative recovery periods, and shorten lengths of stay. Cons of RA include; increased cost, increased morbidity with steep learning curves, robotic failures of registration, more soft tissue injuries, lateral skiving of drill guides, displacement of robotic arms impacting accurate PS placement, higher reoperation rates, and potential loss of accuracy with motion versus FH techniques. Notably, insufficient attention has been focused on the necessity for performing many of these TL PS instrumented fusions in the first place.

Conclusion:

RA spinal surgery is still in its infancy, and comparison of RA versus FH techniques for TL PS placement demonstrates several potential pros, but also multiple cons. Further, more attention must be focused on whether many of these TL PS instrumented procedures are even warranted.
Preterm labor – an unresolved problem of the XXI century
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Radzinsky V.E. , Orazmuradov A.A. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article discusses one of the most significant problems in the modern obstetric practice – preterm labor (PL). The upward trend in PL worldwide is related to an increase number of multiple pregnancies due to in vitro fertilization (IVF). PL is one of the main causes of early neonatal mortality and disability in children, also increases the survival rate of newborns with extremely low birth weight, and therefore it significantly changes the structure of surviving premature infants' morbidity. The greatest threat is represented by the «threshold» stages of the disease, with the development of which the process becomes almost irreversible and requires immediate treatment. To improve the perinatal outcomes of PL, the authors draw attention to two problems: first of them – to understand the mechanism of PL, the second one-to work out tactics that allow to carry out measures that can delay, prevent the distress syndrome, and improve fetal condition at any stage of the disease. Key words: preterm birth, in vitro fertilization, quality of life, retinopathy of prematurity.
Dietary Sodium Restriction in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs
Authors:   Associate Data Scientist, Centre for Open Data Research (CODR) - Public Affairs Centre (PAC), India, M Sai Sidharth , M Dhar ,   Professor, Department of Bio-Statistics and Epidemiology, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), India
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Non-pharmacological strategies such as lowering sodium intake aim to protect renal function and delay the initiation of renal replacement therapy. It might also be a cost-effective method to improve Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) prognosis. We decided to perform a meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of low versus high sodium intake in adults with CKD. Methodology: We searched the online databases – PUBMED, Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Specialized Register, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to 31st December 2020 for RCTs to be included in the study. Meta- Analysis was performed for the intervention groups for each arm against the control. Inverse variance methods were applied for analysis using random effects models due to the high heterogeneity among the studies. Results: Our search strategy yielded seven studies from six countries with 465 participants. The overall effect on restricted sodium intake favored reduction in systolic blood pressure with an overall mean difference of -6.14(95% CI: -9.52, -2.76) and reduction in diastolic blood pressure with a mean difference of -3.08 (95% CI: -4.62, -1.55). There was lowering of estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), however the same was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study found that restricted salt intake could significantly reduce systolic and diastolic BP. Further, multi-center RCTs for longer durations across different stages of CKD could effectively assess the effects of restricted sodium intake on vital parameters. Such study designs could also help clinicians identify the optimal intake of dietary sodium to achieve better renal and cardio vascular outcomes.
Determining the relationship between the slope and directional distribution of the UAV point cloud and the accuracy of various IDW interpolation
Authors: HASTAOĞLU Kemal Özgür , GÖĞSU Sinan , GÜL Yavuz
Published: October 2021

Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) based interpolation method is also widely used in earth science studies. In the classical IDW method, the directional distribution of the reference points around the point to be estimated within the critical circle and the slope differences are not taken into consideration. On the other hand, in the IDW-based method developed by Shepard, the ratio of the distances of the reference points within the critical circle to the critical circle radius (r), the anisotropy and the slope differences are taken into consideration. In this study, the results of the classical IDW method and Shepard method were compared to increase the accuracy of interpolation produced from UAV data. A software has been developed to make these comparisons in more detail. The classical IDW and Shepard based interpolation methods used in this software takes into consideration the anisotropy, the slope differences and the ratio of the distances to the critical circle radius. In this study, UAV flights were performed in three different study areas with different topographic features and 3D point cloud data were obtained in order to make detailed analyzes. Using developed software, data from three different study areas have been tested and the results from different Shepard interpolation models have been discussed. The major contribution of this paper is in evaluation of various IDW options when applied to UAV point data. As a result, especially in geodetic studies form UAV data, it was observed that the results improved with 11% to 37% by using the Shepard method with the suitable power parameter value considering the directional distribution of the reference points in the critical circle and the slope differences.