bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity Conservation in Human‐Dominated Landscapes: Toward Collaborative Management of Blue–Green Systems
Authors: Donati Giulia F. A. , van den Brandeler Francine , Fischer Manuel , Molné Francesc , Schenk Noemi , Grünholz Mirjam , Bolliger Janine
Published: January 2025

Maintaining ecological connectivity is crucial for biodiversity, yet effectively managing interconnected areas through actor collaboration is challenging. This study examines collaboration through social–ecological fit in interconnected aquatic “blue” and terrestrial “green” areas, encompassing natural and semi‐natural elements, in human‐dominated landscapes. Combining species distribution models and connectivity analyses focused on declining amphibians and survey data on actors’ area management and collaboration within interconnected areas, we create a spatially explicit social–ecological network that we analyze using network models. Results highlight diverse ecological dependencies shaping actor interactions. Strong collaboration is observed in interconnected blue‐rural‐green areas, whereas blue‐urban‐green areas lack collaboration, with minor rivers and urban‐green spaces at the network's core plagued by social–ecological misfit. Strengthening collaboration in these areas is essential to prevent further ecological network degradation. Incorporating a spatially explicit social–ecological perspective covering diverse blue and green areas guides targeted interventions and fosters effective conservation policy and practice.
Clinical Features of COVID‐19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhan Yasheng , He Guojun , Zhong Cheng , Yao Yake , Zhou Jiangying , Li Tong , Zhou Hua
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study was conducted to further understand the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

Methods

In this study, we conducted a multicenter retrospective survey, which included patients with COVID‐19 from five hospitals in Zhejiang, China. A total of 197 patients with COVID‐19 were included in the study. The detailed clinical data of seven patients with CAPA from COVID‐19 onset to 28 days after CAPA were collected and analyzed.

Results

In the total of 197 patients, 36 were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 13 received mechanical ventilation; among them, nine received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). All seven cases acquired CAPA in the ICU, six cases during MV, of which five cases received ECMO treatment at the same time, and one case had been off ventilation. The average duration from onset of COVID‐19 to CAPA was 25.4 days, from ICU admission to CAPA was 23.4 days, and from MV to CAPA was 22.1 days. All seven patients were diagnosed with CAPA without neutropenia, four with lymphopenia, seven with decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte, and five with decreased CD8+ T lymphocyte. All cases received glucocorticoids before CAPA, with an average duration of 15 days and an average cumulative dose of 762.5 mg prednisolone. In addition, all patients suffered bacterial infections and received antibacterial agents before CAPA, with an average duration of 22.6 days. CAPA was diagnosed according to a positive culture of Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and positive serum 1,3‐β‐d‐glucan in all seven patients; serum galactomannan was positive in three cases. Rhizopus was cultured from BALF of one case during treatment of CAPA. All patients received antifungal therapy, and the 28‐day survival rate was 100%.

Conclusion

The incidence of CAPA in patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU was 19.44%, all patients with CAPA had a history of chronic underlying diseases, and all had a history of high dose glucocorticoid. Patients with CAPA had no specific clinical symptoms and lung imaging manifestations, and diagnosis depended on Aspergillus culture and galactomannan detection. For patients with COVID‐19 with these high‐risk factors, Aspergillus culture and GM testing should be performed actively to avoid delaying the diagnosis of CAPA.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for children with xeroderma pigmentosum and advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case presentation and brief review
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Hyun Julia , Oellig Frank , Becker Jürgen C. , Kreuter Alexander
Published: January 2025

Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) frequently develop skin cancers early in life, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The median age of death is 32 years and 60% of XP patients die before the age of 20 years. cSCC in patients with XP exhibits an exceptionally high mutation burden, suggesting a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We present the case of a 7‐year‐old boy with XP and a large facial cSCC complicated by cervical lymph node metastases. Following a tumor board recommendation, systemic immunotherapy with cemiplimab was initiated. Following therapy, the tumors rapidly and completely regressed. To date, only 10 XP patients worldwide have been reported to receive ICIs for inoperable and/or advanced cSCC, with all cases demonstrating tumor regression under ICI treatment. Among these, three were pediatric cases with XP‐C (one 7‐year‐old and two 6‐year‐old children), one of whom had sarcomatoid cSCC. Incidence and nature of adverse events in XP patients were comparable to those observed in the general population. In line with the previously reported ICI‐treated XP children, the present case confirms that anti‐PD‐1 inhibitors are highly effective in children with XP and advanced cSCC.
Primary School Students' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence: Metaphor and Drawing Analysis
Authors: Kalemkuş Jale , Kalemkuş Fatih
Published: January 2025

Due to the frequent use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in daily life, it is thought that primary school students acquire information about this concept from various sources. The way these sources present AI may affect students' perceptions of AI. In the study, it was aimed to examine the perceptions of third and fourth grade primary school students about AI through metaphors and drawings. This research, which was conducted with the participation of 262 students, was conducted with the phenomenological design. When the metaphors of the participants were analysed, it was determined that they produced 100 metaphors, and these metaphors were evaluated in 17 categories as humanistic feature, information source, danger, development, superhuman feature, service, source of happiness, productivity, orientation, commitment, pervasiveness, necessity, security, speed, difficulty, virtual environment and uncertainty. Accordingly, it was determined that the participants evaluated AI from many different perspectives and produced the most metaphors in the categories of humanistic feature, information source and danger. It was determined that the metaphors human, brain and living were prominent in the human characteristic category; the metaphors teacher, wise and book were prominent in the source of information category; and finally, the metaphors enemy, weapon and monster were prominent in the danger category. When the drawing findings were analysed, it was determined that 37 codes represented four categories: purpose, object, interaction and environment. In the purpose category, service, source of information, and source of happiness; in the object category, mostly humanoid robot; in the interaction category, emphasising interaction; and in the environment category, the environment was not specified. In line with the findings obtained, literature discussions were made and suggestions were made.
Towards an Ideal Model of Education for Critical Citizenship. An Analysis of the Spanish Curricular Change in Social Sciences
Authors: Navarro‐Medina Elisa , Ross E. Wayne , Pérez‐Rodríguez Noelia , De‐Alba‐Fernández Nicolás
Published: January 2025

In this study, we analysed the presence of citizenship education in the new Spanish social sciences curriculum, focusing on both the primary and secondary education stages. The relevance of the study stems from the need to adapt to a new reality, in which it is crucial to develop in children and young people the skills to understand, interpret and make critical decisions. Considering the model outlined as ideal, and being aware of the difficulty involved in achieving it, we took as a reference a possible model to analyse the Spanish curriculum, the ICCS study framework. The research presented is based on a review of policy documents and analyses the curricula of compulsory education stages through a content analysis technique. The results show that in the Spanish curriculum, under the logic of the ICCS framework, cognitive skills and citizen content are more prevalent than those based on attitudes and engagement. This issue prompts us to reflect on the future changes that should be made to approach the model we consider relevant.
The Faith of Nicaea, the Hierarchy of Truths, and the Restoration of Eucharistic Communion between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches
Authors: Gavrilyuk Paul L.
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses the problem of Orthodox‐Catholic disunity by naming non‐theological and discussing theological issues behind the issues in bilateral dialogues between the Churches. The main theological issue is the absence of agreement on which doctrinal differences should or should not count as church‐dividing. The author argues that the concept of the ‘hierarchy of truths’, introduced by Vatican II's Unitatis Redintegratio is a promising heuristic tool for distinguishing the doctrines that pertain to the ‘fundamental Christian faith’ and other important doctrines that do not have the same authoritative status. The author proposes that the agreement on the ‘Nicene faith’ could function as a sufficient condition for the Eucharistic communion between the two Churches on two grounds of the use of the Creed in the rites of initiation and the liturgy. The author subsequently articulates three potential objections to his proposal, responds to these objections, and finishes the paper with what could be called a ‘Nicene Formula of Reunion’. The proposed Formula includes a commitment to seeking an increasingly greater convergence on doctrinal and ecclesiastical issues on which there is continuing, although not church‐dividing disagreement.
Fostering Students' Competencies in Sustainability in Vocational Agriculture Education in Burundi: Effects of a Participatory Integrated Planning (PIP) Module
Authors: Nyamweru Jean Claude , Ndayitwayeko Willy Marcel , Kessler Aad , Biemans Harm
Published: January 2025

Developing students' sustainable agriculture competencies requires the alignment of curriculum content to encompass the full complexity of the dynamics of agriculture. However, empirical evidence from sustainable agriculture research indicates that actions oriented towards fostering students' competencies are scarce. To advance understanding, this study monitored and evaluated the development of students' sustainability competencies for smallholder farming during the implementation of a Participatory Integrated Planning (PIP) module—A sustainability learning programme that elaborates on cross‐cutting issues of long‐term integrated planning, which is normally not taught. A total number of 104 students from two vocational agricultural schools (N1 = 63; N2 = 41) were involved in the PIP learning module that was implemented from April 2022 to June 2023. Survey data on the development of the students' competencies were collected at the beginning (April 2022), in‐between (December 2022) and end (June 2023) of the implementation of the PIP module. A one‐way repeated measures MANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the PIP module on the development of students' competencies. Findings revealed that the PIP module significantly contributed to fostering all intended competencies, including facilitator of change, leadership, innovation and creativity, planning, system thinking, stewardship, auto‐determination and interdisciplinarity. Improvement of these competencies was much higher in the earlier stage of the learning process compared to the later stage, implying that sustainability learning requires going beyond ‘business‐as‐usual’ to retain the interest of students and competencies development. Findings also revealed that competencies development levels differ depending on schools' context, implying that sustainability learning programmes should be flexible and adaptive for learning to occur in a real‐context environment. These findings have practical implications for policies related to designing and upscaling sustainability learning programmes in vocational agriculture schools.
Pathogenicity and phylogeny of Labyrinthula spp. isolated in Washington and Oregon, USA
Authors: Agnew‐Camiener M. Victoria , Eisenlord Morgan E. , Friedman Carolyn S. , Schreier Harold J. , Burge Colleen A.
Published: January 2025

The class Labyrinthulomycetes constitutes a multitude of species found ubiquitously in the environment, and includes pathogens of corals, hard clams, turfgrasses, and seagrasses. Labyrinthula zosterae, the causative agent of seagrass wasting disease, has been associated with declines in seagrass coverage since the 1930s. However, pathogenic and nonpathogenic Labyrinthula spp. have been isolated from seagrass tissue. These isolates are difficult to distinguish morphologically, and the diversity of isolates where seagrass wasting disease is present is often unknown. This study aimed to increase knowledge on the pathogenicity and phylogeny of Labyrinthula spp. in Washington and Oregon, USA where a high prevalence of seagrass wasting disease has been associated with eelgrass, Zostera marina, declines. We tested the pathogenicity of 14 Labyrinthula isolates and compared partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of 12 isolates to sequences from around the world through the NCBI database. We found that pathogenic isolates could be identified as Labyrinthula zosterae, while nonpathogenic isolates did not form a clade with any previously identified SSU ribotypes. These results add to the growing data on Labyrinthula and seagrass wasting disease and can improve our understanding of pathogen evolution and spread in the future.
Hindcasting Farmed Salmon Mortality to Improve Future Health and Production Outcomes
Authors: Knight Benjamin R. , Treml Eric A. , Waddington Zac , Vennell Ross , Hutson Kate S.
Published: January 2025

Intracellular, free‐floating and biofilm‐forming bacterial pathogens have been implicated in summer mortality of farmed Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in New Zealand. A mortality event in 2022 in the Pelorus Sound, Marlborough, was linked to high water temperatures (> 18°C), and bacterial skin disease associated with Piscirickettsia spp. (=Rickettsia‐like organisms) and Tenacibaculum species. To understand the progression of infection and potential drivers of the mortality, simulation of the event was conducted using a networked susceptible, infectious and recovered (SIR) model. Parameter exploration shows that reconstruction of observed mortality rates across three affected farm sites was possible. The best SIR simulations identified plausible values for key drivers of disease, which are consistent with previously estimated disease parameter ranges for Piscirickettsia salmonis. Our modelling shows the 2022 Pelorus Sound event likely experienced spread of bacterial pathogens within healthy fish populations at salmon farm sites over a 10‐week long incubation period, before elevated mortality was observed. We show evidence that vaccine use at one site likely prevented 10% higher mortality and that an alternative site for the vaccination could have further reduced mortalities. This result highlights the importance of future vaccine developments in aquaculture and the potential to improve vaccine efficacy through considered site selection.
Disrupting neoliberalism in the academy: Normalizing loss and enfranchising student grief
Authors: Thomas‐Jackson Shera C. , Sharp Elizabeth , Bordere Tashel C. , Moonshower Madelynn
Published: January 2025

Despite long‐standing research demonstrating the prevalence of trauma/loss and increased visibility in the recent pandemic, natural disasters, and political violence, many institutions maintaining neoliberal ideologies and practices minimize or disregard the presence and impact of loss and grief on individuals, families, and communities. This deficit in education informs pedagogical approaches and support gaps wherein students remain the forgotten mourners with missed opportunities for development around the universal human experience of loss. In contrast to the neoliberal academy, drawing on feminist, arts‐based, and trauma‐informed pedagogies, we offer a disruption to neoliberalism by encouraging a theoretical push for scholars to normalize loss in development, enfranchise grief, and promote restorative practices. We share an example featuring art paired with Human Development and Family Science content (Healing in the Arts/HITA), whereby students drew on and/or observed performance art to engage with trauma, loss, and grief. We share strategies for faculty to address trauma and loss and offer resources and support.
Expression of PCED1A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer and Its Relationship with Immune Infiltration: Potential as a Diagnostic Marker
Authors: Wang Meiling , Zhang Qiqi , Wang Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) pose a significant threat to human health worldwide, characterized by intricate pathogenesis. A PC‐esterase domain containing 1A (PCED1A) is a critical number of the GDSL/SGNH superfamily.

Aim

The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic value of PCED1A in HCC and CRC and its relationship with immune infiltration.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database (CCLE), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to detect the expression of PCED1A in tissues and cells. Cibersoft, Timer, and Xcell were used to analyze the effect of PCED1A on immune cell infiltration. The relationship between PCED1A and the immune checkpoint was analyzed. The coexpression analysis of PCED1A was conducted using the LinkedOmics database.

Results

PCED1A was increased in HCC and CRC with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PCED1A was highly expressed in HCC and CRC compared to corresponding normal tissues. PCED1A expression was related to poor overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). High PCED1A expression was strongly associated with M2 macrophages, impacting HCC progression. Conversely, low PCED1A expression was closely related to Th2 cells in CRC. In addition, the checkpoint named PDCD1 showed a good correlation with PCED1A high expression group in HCC and CRC. Lastly, the PCED1A and ZNF family showed a complex and intertwined relationship through coexpression analysis on the LinkedOmics database.

Conclusion

PCED1A, related to tumor immune infiltration, is a promising diagnostic biomarker and a valuable therapeutic target for HCC and CRC.
Clin‐STAR Corner: Rehabilitation for Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Wingood Mariana , Vincenzo Jennifer L. , Goyal Parag , Brach Jennifer S.
Published: January 2025

Heart failure is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, especially among older adults. Despite a large body of evidence supporting the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation, less than 30% of eligible Medicare beneficiaries participate in cardiac rehabilitation. Thus, it is essential to examine alternatives, such as physical rehabilitation, a rehabilitation approach that focuses on physical activity and function. We systematically identified and summarized four key articles published between 2022 and 2024 that highlight innovations in rehabilitation with the potential of increasing utilization. These articles emphasize three areas of opportunity: (1) home‐based telerehabilitation; (2) research focused on underrepresented and underserved populations; and (3) economic evaluations. Additional research on alternative modes of cardiac or physical rehabilitation, strategies to address heart failure‐related health inequities, and implementation studies incorporating cost‐effectiveness are needed to support increased utilization of cardiac and physical rehabilitation.
Balancing boundaries: Observed parental autonomy support and psychological control in the context of parent‐adolescent interactions and adolescent depression
Authors: Wentholt Wilma G. M. , Meurs E. H. Alet , Janssen Loes H. C. , van Houtum Lisanne A. E. M. , Wever Mirjam C. M. , Tollenaar Marieke S. , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Elzinga Bernet M.
Published: January 2025

Autonomy support (AS) and psychological control (PC) are important parenting behaviors in adolescence, with low AS and high PC relating to adolescent depression. Studies on observed levels of AS and PC in a clinical sample are lacking. The current study aimed to (1) develop a reliable coding system for parental AS and PC in parent‐adolescent interactions and gain insights into its ecological validity in a healthy control (HC) sample, and (2) disentangle observed and adolescent‐perceived parenting behaviors in relation to adolescent depression. HC adolescents (N = 80, Mage = 15.90, 63.7% girls, 91.3% White) and their parents (N = 148, Mage = 49.00, 53.4% female, 97.3% White) and adolescents with depression (current MDD/dysthymia; N = 35, Mage = 15.60, 77.1% girls, 65.7% White) and their parents (N = 62, Mage = 50.13, 56.5% female, 79.0% White) participated in three videotaped dyadic interaction tasks (problem solving, event planning, and reminiscence). Adolescents reported on their parents' behavior and their own positive and negative affect after each task, while observed AS and PC were coded from the videos. Multilevel analyses showed that observed AS and PC, coded with our reliable system, related to adolescent‐perceived parenting (in daily life), confirming ecological validity. Adolescents with depression (vs. HC) had more negative perceptions of parenting, whereas observed AS and PC did not differ, indicating a negativity bias of adolescents with depression. Lastly, observed PC related to a lower affective state in adolescents with depression, but not HC. Parents could be psycho‐educated on the impact of this behavior in a clinical setting.
Immune‐Mediated Liver Injury From Checkpoint Inhibitor: An Evolving Frontier With Emerging Challenges
Authors: Dara Lily , De Martin Eleonora
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of cancer, though they come with the risk of immune‐related adverse (irAEs) events such as hepatotoxicity or Immune‐mediated Liver Injury from Checkpoint Inhibitors (ILICI). ILICI is a serious irAE that, when severe, requires cessation of ICI and initiation of immunosuppression. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in ILICI; however, they are just part of the picture as immunotherapy broadly impacts all aspects of the immune microenvironment and can directly and indirectly activate innate and adaptive immune cells. Clinically, as our understanding of this entity grows, we encounter new challenges. The presentation of ILICI is heterogeneous with respect to latency, pattern of injury (hepatitis vs. cholangitis) and severity. This review focuses on our knowledge regarding risk factors, presentation and treatment of ILICI including ILICI refractory to steroids. An emerging topic, the possibility of rechallenge while accepting some risk, in patients who experience ILICI but require immunotherapy, is also discussed. This review provides an update on the current knowns and unknowns in ILICI and highlights several knowledge gaps where studies are needed.
Characterisation of riverine mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) community structure in southern Australia and the impact of a major flood based on analysis of a 20‐year dataset
Authors: Fricker Stephen R. , Keppel Gunnar , Williams Craig R.
Published: January 2025

We investigated the mosquito community along 315 km of the Murray River, where we identified three assemblages (upper, middle, and lower river) that exhibited different patterns of species richness and diversity over 20 years. In the lower reaches (i.e., more southern latitudes), species richness and community diversity declined over time, while there was no significant change in either the middle or upper reaches. While the overall mean abundance of the common, pathogen‐carrying mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) species Aedes camptorhynchus Thomson, increased in the lower river but declined in the upper river. These results provide important information on the diversity and abundance of mosquito communities adjacent to the Murray River and highlight the importance of considering spatial and temporal variation when assessing the risk of mosquito‐borne diseases. Furthermore, data presented here illustrate that there the common public narrative around increasing mosquito abundance and geographic expansion under climate change is not universally true.
In Vivo Tissue Temperature Characteristics of Contact Force Catheter With a Mesh‐Shaped Irrigation Tip: A Porcine Study
Authors: Sawada Masanaru , Otsuka Naoto , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hayashida Satoshi , Hirata Shu , Hirata Moyuru , Kurokawa Sayaka , Okumura Yasuo , Uto Kenta , Hao Hiroyuki , Takahashi Rie , Taniguchi Yoshiki
Published: January 2025

Background

Neither the actual in vivo tissue temperatures reached with a novel contact force sensing catheter with a mesh‐shaped irrigation tip (TactiFlex SE, Abbott) nor the safety profile has been elucidated.

Methods

In a porcine model (n = 8), thermocouples were implanted epicardially in the superior vena cava, right pulmonary vein, and esophagus close to the inferior vena cava following a right thoracotomy. After chest closure, endocardial ablation was conducted near the thermocouples under fluoroscopic guidance. We compared tissue temperatures during 50 W/13‐s high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) and 30 W/30‐s standard ablation.

Results

No steam pops were observed in 34 HPSD and 35 standard ablation applications. Tmax (maximum tissue temperature when the thermocouple was located ≤5 mm from the catheter tip) was modestly higher in HPSD compared to standard ablation (60.1°C ± 12.4°C vs. 57.8°C ± 12.9°C; p = 0.46). The peak tissue temperature correlated inversely with the catheter tip‐to‐thermocouple distance (HPSD: r = −0.40; standard: r = −0.57). Lethal temperatures (≥50°C) were reached faster with HPSD (6.5 ± 3.2 s vs. 10.3 ± 8.6 s; p = 0.04) and the distance from the catheter tip achieving a lethal tissue temperature ≥50°C (indicative of the lesion depth) was slightly shallower with HPSD (4.2 and 4.8 mm, respectively). The esophageal injury occurred superficially in both settings (0.98 ± 0.22 mm vs. 1.16 ± 0.18 mm; p = 0.29).

Conclusions

HPSD ablation produced a modestly higher and more rapid increase in the tissue temperature around the veno‐atrial junction with a shorter catheter tip‐to‐thermocouple distance required to reach lethal temperatures. This data contributes to understanding effective lesion creation and collateral injury prevention with the TactiFlex catheter.
Climate Change and Human Mobility: Considering Context, Mechanisms, and Selectivity
Authors: Garip Filiz , Reed Cody A.
Published: January 2025

Climate change is projected to increase human mobility. Research links climate stressors, such as warming temperatures, severe weather events, and rising sea levels, to human migration within and between countries in many regions of the world. This paper reviews this new frontier for migration research and charts directions for future work. Understanding climate mobility, we argue, requires considering local context to identify mechanisms (what climate impacts) and selectivity (who responds). Research needs to draw more on existing theory to deduce selectivity patterns under alternative drivers of mobility and to extend the theory by considering how those patterns shift under climate shocks. Research also needs to generalize from diverse findings by documenting which mechanisms and selectivity patterns are most common in which contexts.
Personalized Photoprotection: Expert Consensus and Recommendations From a Delphi Study Among Dermatologists
Authors: de Troya‐Martín Magdalena , Rodríguez‐Martínez Alba , Rivas‐Ruiz Francisco , Subert Andras , Arellano‐Mendoza Maria‐Ivonne , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , de Gálvez Maria Victoria , Gilaberte Yolanda , Goh Chee‐Leok , Lim Henry W. , Schalka Sergio , Wolf Peter , González Salvador
Published: January 2025

Background

Recommending comprehensive personalized photoprotection requires an accurate assessment of the patient's skin, including phototype, lifestyle, exposure conditions, environmental factors, and concomitant cutaneous conditions as well as deep knowledge of the available options: sunscreen ingredients (type of filters, spectrum coverage, sun protection factor, enhanced active ingredients), oral photoprotection, and other methods of sun protection and avoidance.

Objectives

To establish consensus‐based recommendations endorsed by an international panel of experts for personalized medical photoprotection recommendations that are applicable globally.

Methods

A two‐round Delphi study was designed to determine the degree of agreement and relevance of aspects related to personalized medical photoprotection. Items with ≥ 80% agreement and relevance were considered approved.

Results

A list of 28 recommendations for personalized medical photoprotection was approved by a panel of dermatology professionals from seven different countries. Recommendations were categorized as: (1) updated perspectives in photoprotection, (2) clinical management, (3) skin cancer prevention, (4) dark skin phototypes and skin prone to hyperpigmentation, and (5) age and lifestyle.

Conclusion

This study established recommendations for the implementation of personalized medical photoprotection worldwide, highlighting areas needing further scientific and clinical evidence.
Moral disagreements: Unearthing pathways to constructive and destructive behavioral responses
Authors: Khati Bhakti , Kutlaca Maja , McPhetres Jonathon , Paolini Stefania
Published: January 2025

Issues like transgender rights often provoke strong emotional reactions, leading to polarized conflicts. Moral psychology suggests that emotions like anger and disgust drive destructive behaviors, such as avoiding or insulting the opponent. However, we argue that constructive behaviors, such as listening to the opponent, are also possible. We propose that appraisals related to engaging and coping with moral disagreements also play critical roles in predicting different behaviors. In an online study with 902 participants from the UK, US, India, and Serbia, we explored these dynamics using a message exchange paradigm. Participants received a message, purportedly from another participant (“messenger”), that contradicted their attitudes toward transgender rights. They then provided emotional reactions, wrote a response, and indicated their willingness to engage in constructive or destructive behaviors with the messenger. Constructive behavioral intentions were predicted by greater empathy, lower disgust and anger toward the messenger, and a higher perceived ability to cope with responding. In contrast, destructive intentions were predicted by lower empathy, greater disgust, lower coping abilities, and higher perceived difficulty in responding. These findings enhance our understanding of behavioral responses to moral disagreements on contentious issues like transgender rights and suggest ways to promote constructive dialogue.
Perception and Mobilization of “Truth”: January 6, 2021, Stop the Steal, and Social Media
Authors: Hoffman Lindsay H. , Leslie Winston , Ifeanyichukwu Ebuka
Published: January 2025

In 2021, the “Stop the Steal” movement was intensely popular among conservative and far‐right groups in the United States. It was largely predicated on the belief that the 2020 presidential election had been stolen from President Trump. While there was no concrete evidence to support that notion, an intense mobilization effort occurred, which eventually led to a deadly riot at the United States Capitol Building on January 6, 2021. Proponents of the “Stop the Steal” movement often utilized social media to promote unfounded claims of electoral fraud and irregularities in the 2020 presidential election. The present study is a content analysis of nearly 1500 tweets that appeared on political and opinion leaders’ feeds from the 2020 election through January 6, 2021. Results demonstrated that there was a high level of association between tweets on X (formerly known as Twitter) that mentioned the election and those containing electoral misinformation. There was also a moderate correlation between tweets containing calls to action and violent rhetoric regarding the election. Further, tweets that contained electoral misinformation and those that mentioned the election received significant engagement. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Comparison of Oral Hygiene and Gingival Outcomes in Children With Special Care Needs Using Powered or Manual Toothbrushes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shaikh Anam A. , Jawdekar Ashwin M. , Saraf Tanvi A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis (SRMA) compares oral hygiene and gingival outcomes in children with special care needs (CSCNs) using powered or manual toothbrushes.

Material and Methods

Two authors searched articles using PubMed and Cochrane library; the search was extended to other databases to include publications until July 2024. RCTs available in English were included. Oral hygiene and gingival outcomes in CSCNs, using powered or manual toothbrushes were: plaque index (PI), Quigley Hein plaque index (QHPI), gingival index (GI), and oral hygiene index simplified (OHI‐S). ROB and publication bias was assessed using Cochrane tool and funnel plots, respectively. Meta‐analyses were performed using forest plots. GRADE was used for the quality.

Results

Twelve studies were included in SR and 11 studies in MA. In relation to GI and in the subgroup analysis of QHPI, powered toothbrushing was superior to manual toothbrushing with SMD −0.681 [95% CI (−0.911 to −0.451)] and SMD −0.85 [95% CI (−1.166 to −0.53)], respectively using REM. Comparisons with other indices exhibited no significant differences. The ROB and publication bias were moderate, quality of evidence was low to moderate GRADE.

Conclusion

Powered toothbrushes had favorable outcomes in a few but not all parameters. The overall quality of evidence is low.

PROSPERO registration ID

CRD42024579260
Humility as Personal Resource: A Conservation of Resources Perspective
Authors: Manix Kelly G. , Abston Kristie A.
Published: January 2025

This conceptual research investigates humility as a critical personal resource through the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory framework, addressing its role in reducing psychological distress and enhancing well‐being. We argue that humility facilitates improved resource management through learning, social bonding, and self‐transcendence. Humble individuals are better equipped to build skills, foster trust and social support, and direct energy toward goals beyond the self, all of which promote resilience. These humility‐specific resource‐building activities can help mitigate stress and initiate upward spirals of resource accumulation, which are crucial for thriving in stressful conditions. Furthermore, the paper explores the implications of humility for marginalized communities, suggesting that collective humility may improve resource accessibility and inclusion. This work not only provides theoretical insights into the link between humility and well‐being but also provides a possible explanation for the motivations and situational variables that prompt humble behavior. Practical interventions for enhancing public mental health are also discussed.
Ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms and microbial respiration: Biochar ammonium/nitrate‐based fertilizer effects on soil nitrification and crop performance
Authors: Li Yuxuan , El‐Desouki Zeinab , Riaz Muhammad , Abd‐Elkader Ali M. , Babar Saba , Wang Xiangling , Wang JiYuan , Xia Xiaoyang , Jiang Cuncang
Published: January 2025

Biochar and N fertilizers can significantly influence the abundance and functionality of ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms (AMO), which are critical for nitrogen cycling and soil health. This study investigates the synergistic effects of combined application of biochar (2% w/w) and different N fertilizers, that is ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at 200 mg kg−1 each, in affecting the soil nitrification processes and microbial activities and later, these effects were correlated with the growth of Chinese cabbage under acidic soil conditions. Our results indicated that Co‐application of biochar with NH4Cl reduced cabbage height and biomass by 44.35% and 38.52%, respectively. However, application of biochar in association with enhanced the activity of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) by 47.87% in comparison with BCN1, which was mainly because of enhanced N absorption by plant leading to its increased growth and biomass. Moreover, BCN3 treatment reshaped the microbial community composition and enhanced the relative abundances of AOA‐Nitrososphaera and AOB‐norank_d_Bacteria. At the same time, NH4NO3 treatment decreased the relative abundances of AOA‐norank_d_Archaea and AOB‐Nitrosomonadaceae, which negatively affected the AMO activities. Consequently, application of biochar in conjunction with NH4NO3 could enhance AMO activities, which resultantly, provided more NO3−‐N for cabbage uptake and enhanced its growth as opposed to its collaboration with NH4Cl under acidic soil. In conclusions, the combined application of biochar and N fertilizers (NaNO3 and NH4NO3) improved plant growth and biomass more than NH4Cl application. These results highlight the potential for integrating biochar into fertilization practices to promote sustainable soil health.
Mapping National‐Scale Road Surface Types Using Multisource Open Data and Deep Learning Model
Authors: Zhou Qi , Liu Yaoming , Liu Zixian
Published: January 2025

Identifying road surface type (e.g., paved and unpaved) is crucial for pavement maintenance, transportation management, and road network accessibility research. Existing approaches relying on vehicle‐mounted devices or remote sensing data are have limitation for large‐scale road networks. This study proposes a novel approach to identify national‐scale road surface type using multiple open geospatial datasets and machine learning models. Specifically, 16 input variables were designed based on these datasets (including OpenStreetMap, GDP, population, building height, and land cover). Nigeria and Cameroon were selected as study areas. A substantial dataset, auto‐extracting road surface tags from OpenSreetMap, was used to train a model. The trained model predicted road surface types across the two study areas. Result indicated: (1) Most of the input variables positively impact the output variable, with “road class” being the most influential; (2) The proposed approach with deep learning model‐TabNet performs the best, with an overall accuracy above 85%; and (3) More than 83% of roads in the two African countries are unpaved, with paved roads concentrated in backbone roads and southern provinces. This approach has been validated and offers valuable insights for local authorities aiming to enhance road infrastructure.
Effect of glutathione reductase on photosystem II characterization and reactive oxygen species metabolism in cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line Jin A
Authors: Zhang Li , Jing Panpan , Geng Biao , Shi Jinjiang , Zhang Jinlong , Liang Dong , Yang Yujie , Qu Yunfang , Huang Jinling
Published: January 2025

Glutathione reductase (GR) maintains the cellular redox state by reducing oxidized glutathione to glutathione (GSH), which regulates antioxidant defense. Additionally, GR plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, the mechanism by which GR regulates photosystem II (PSII) is largely unknown. We identified six, three, and three GR genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. We found that GhGR1 and GhGR3 proteins were localized in the chloroplasts, whereas GhGR5 was localized in the cell membrane. Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line Jin A was ideal to explore GR functions because accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and expression of GhGR was downregulated at the key stage of microspore abortion in anthers compared to maintainer Jin B. The GR activity and relative GhGR1, GhGR3, GhGR5 gene expressions decreased significantly at the key stage of microspore abortion in Jin A‐CMS compared to that in Jin B, resulting in an increase in ROS and a decrease in photochemical efficiency in PSII. GhGR1 and GhGR3 overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased ROS levels in anthers and leaves compared to the wild‐type. Biochemical analysis of GhGR1 and GhGR3 silencing in Gossypium L. showed that ROS content was increased and photochemical efficiency of PSII was inhibited in leaves. Complementation experiments in tobacco and yeast indicated that GhGR1 interacted with GhPsbX, which was one of the subunits of the PSII protein complex. Taken together, these findings suggest that chloroplast GR plays an important role in PSII and ROS metabolism by interacting with PsbX in cotton plants.
Deciphering the biosynthetic pathway of triterpene saponins in Prunella vulgaris
Authors: Liu Si‐Jie , Liu Zhengtai , Shao Bing‐Yan , Li Tao , Zhu Xinning , Wang Ren , Shi Lei , Xu Sheng , Van de Peer Yves , Xue Jia‐Yu
Published: January 2025

The traditional Chinese medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris contains numerous triterpene saponin metabolites, notably ursolic and oleanolic acid saponins, which have significant pharmacological values. Despite their importance, the genes responsible for synthesizing these triterpene saponins in P. vulgaris remain unidentified. This study used a comprehensive screening methodology, combining phylogenetic analysis, gene expression assessment, metabolome–transcriptome correlation and co‐expression analysis, to identify candidate genes involved in triterpene saponins biosynthesis. Nine candidate genes – two OSCs, three CYP716s and four UGT73s – were precisely identified from large gene families comprising hundreds of members. These genes were subjected to heterologous expression and functional characterization, with enzymatic activity assays confirming their roles in the biosynthetic pathway, aligning with bioinformatics predictions. Analysis revealed that these genes originated from a whole‐genome duplication (WGD) event in P. vulgaris, highlighting the potential importance of WGD for plant metabolism. This study addresses the knowledge gap in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins in P. vulgaris, establishing a theoretical foundation for industrial production via synthetic biology. Additionally, we present an efficient methodological protocol that integrates evolutionary principles and bioinformatics techniques in metabolite biosynthesis research. This approach holds significant value for studies focused on unraveling various biosynthetic pathways.
Understanding the electron pathway fluidity of Synechocystis in biophotovoltaics
Authors: Schneider Hans , Lai Bin , Krömer Jens O.
Published: January 2025

Biophotovoltaics offers a promising low‐carbon footprint approach to utilize solar energy. It aims to couple natural oxygenic photosynthetic electrons to an external electron sink. This lays the foundation for a potentially high light‐to‐energy efficiency of the Biophotovoltaic process. However, there are still uncertainties around demonstrating the direct coupling of electron fluxes between photosystems and the external electrode. The dynamic cellular electron transfer network linked to physiological and environmental parameters poses a particular challenge here. In this work, the active cellular electron transfer network was modulated by tuning the cultivating conditions of Synechocystis and the operating conditions in Biophotovoltaics. The current output during darkness was found to be determined by the intracellular glycogen levels. Minimizing the intracellular glycogen pools also eliminated the dark‐current output. Moreover, our results provide strong evidence that water splitting in photosystem II is the electron source enabling photocurrent, bypassing the microbe's metabolism. Eliminating the storage carbon as possible source of electrons did not reduce the specific photocurrent output, indicating an efficient coupling of photosynthetic electron flux to the anode. Furthermore, inhibiting respiration on the one hand increased the photocurrent and on the other hand showed a negative effect on the dark‐current output. This suggested a switchable role of the respiratory electron transfer chain in the extracellular electron transfer pathway. Overall, we conclude that Synechocystis dynamically switches electron sources and utilizes different extracellular transfer pathways for the current output toward the external electron sink, depending on the physiological and environmental conditions.
Transcriptomic profiling of dorsal root ganglia in atopic and healthy dogs: A comparative RNA sequencing study with implications in cutaneous itch research
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Mishra Santosh K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Itch is a common clinical sign in skin disorders. While the neural pathways of itch transmission from the skin to the brain are well understood in rodents, the same pathways in dogs remain unclear. The knowledge gap hinders the development of effective treatments for canine itch‐related disorders.

Hypothesis/Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the differential gene expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) between healthy and atopic dogs to identify specific molecules potentially involved in itch signalling and neuroinflammation in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).

Animals

Two atopic and four healthy dogs.

Materials and Methods

DRGs were collected from atopic and healthy dogs to compare their transcriptional profiles using RNA sequencing.

Results

Principal component and heatmap analyses revealed two distinct clusters separating atopic from healthy dogs. Consistent with this observation, we identified 627 (543 upregulated and 84 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in atopic compared with healthy dogs. We further narrowed down our genes of interest to common DEGs in each atopic dog, which revealed 159 (132 upregulated and 27 downregulated) DEGs. Among these genes, when we focused on itch signalling–associated molecules, P2RY12, IL‐2RG, TLR1 and POSTN were significantly upregulated, while MRGPRD and LPAR3 were both significantly downregulated in atopic dogs compared with those in healthy dogs. Pathway analysis showed a significant upregulation of CREB signalling in neurons, myelination signalling and neuroinflammation signalling pathways in atopic dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Our study suggested that dysregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways might play a role in the pathomechanism of cAD as in humans.