bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Leeway space pada anak yang menyusu ASI dari puting ibu dan botol susu

The difference in Leeway space between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding children

Authors: Lubis Hilda Fitria , Pratiwi Dyah Hakiki
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan: Pemberian ASI dari puting ibu merupakan upaya kesehatan primer untuk menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Menyusu ASI dari puting ibu berperan dalam memberikan nutrisi, serta mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi anak. Kenyataannya, banyak ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI langsung dari puting ibu dan menggantinya dengan penggunaan botol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan Leeway space anak-anak yang menyusu melalui puting dan anak-anak yang diberi susu melalui botol. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 40 orang anak usia 6-8 tahun yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pencetakan rahang dan pembuatan model gigi, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Leeway space dengan metode Moyers. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pada anak yang menyusu ASI langsung dari puting memiliki rerata Leeway space mandibula sebesar 4,230 mm dan maksila 2,770mm. Rerata Leeway space mandibula pada anak yang menyusu dari botol sebesar 3,105mm dan maksila 0,640 mm. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai Leeway space  yang signifikan antara anak yang menyusu ASI langsung dari puting ibu dan botol. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan Leeway space anak-anak yang menyusu melalui puting dan anak-anak yang menyusu melalui botol, baik pada maksila maupun mandibula.Kata kunci: Leeway space, ASI, pemberian susu botol. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Breastfeeding is one of the efforts to develop high-quality human resource to maintain primary health. It provides nutrition and supports the growth and development of the children’s teeth. In practice, however, many women tend to replace breastfeeding with bottle-feeding. This study was aimed to analyse the difference of the Leeway space between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding children. Methods: Type of research was cross-sectional analytic. The total sample of this study was 40 children aged 6-8 years who were divided into two groups. The study was carried out through the model study; then, the Leeway space was calculated using the Moyers method. Results: Breastfed children had a mean Leeway space of 4.230mm for the mandibular and 2.770 mm for the maxillary, while bottle-fed children had a mean Leeway space of 3.105 mm for mandibular and 0.640mm for the maxillary. According to the analysis based on the results obtained, the value of Leeway space between breastfed children and bottle-fed children bears similarities. Conclusion: There is no difference of the Leeway space between breastfed children and bottle-fed children, both in the maxillary and the mandibular.Keywords: Leeway space, breastfeeding, bottle-feeding.
Estado y ciencia empresarial en la Argentina del agronegocio. Implicancias políticas del conocimiento ¿útil?, un estudio de caso
Authors: Gárgano Cecilia
Published: September 2020

El artículo indaga uno de los principales ámbitos dedicados a la investigación en tecnología agropecuaria y producción agrícola en Argentina: la Estación Experimental Agronómica Obispo Colombres (EEAOC). Con el objetivo de analizar dinámicas de producción y apropiación de conocimientos y transformaciones en las relaciones entre Estado, científicos y empresas, se reconstruye la trayectoria de esta institución centenaria y seestudia una de sus agendas de investigación orientada a la obtención de una variedad nacional de soja transgénica. Mediante fuentes escritas y entrevistas realizadas a científicos y técnicos, se analizan concepciones vigentes sobre el conocimiento producido en esta agencia estataly sus vinculaciones con transformaciones socio-económicas del espacio rural. Las conclusiones señalan como principal resultado la identificación de un tipo de ciencia de carácter empresarial, fuertemente articulada al esquema productivo del agronegocio, en la que opera una alianza entre saberes expertos y no expertos mediada y garantizada por el Estado.
El Movimiento Sindical de Base: apuesta sindical del PRT-ERP
Authors: Stavale Santiago
Published: September 2020

Los años 70 en Argentina estuvieron signados por un proceso de radicalización política caracterizado por el surgimiento de un conjunto de fuerzas sociales, políticas y culturales que venían estructurándose desde los años 60 y que formaron el campo de la nueva izquierda. Entre ellas, se destacaron organizaciones políticas que, especialmente estimuladas por la revolución cubana y la crisis de legitimidad que vivía el sistema político argentino, se propusieron transformar revolucionariamente la sociedad por la vía de las armas. El presente artículo se propone analizar la experiencia del Movimiento Sindical de Base (MSB), herramienta sindical impulsada en la coyuntura del año 1973 por una de esas organizaciones: el Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores-Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (PRT-ERP).
De la calle al palacio. La resolución parlamentaria del conflicto por el Impuesto a las Ganancias (2016)
Authors: Corral Damian , Wyczykier Gabriela
Published: September 2020

El artículo analiza el conflicto sociopolítico en torno del Impuesto a las Ganancias, ocurrido durante el segundo mandato de Cristina F. de Kirchner y el primer año de gestión de la Alianza Cambiemos, prestando particular atención a la última fase de la disputa acontecida enel 2016, donde el reclamo se trasladó“de la calle al palacio”, luego de una sucesión deacciones colectivas encaradas por una parte del sindicalismo. Se abordará este proceso a partir detres dimensiones centrales: la relación de los sindicatos con el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, la reconfiguración de las alianzas parlamentarias y las modificaciones realizadas en el tributo en el recinto legislativo. Los argumentos trabajados surgen de una investigación cualitativa y de orientación sociopolítica. El texto reflexiona sobre un conflicto de presencia sustantiva en la agenda política y sindical, al tiempo que examina la reconfiguración de alianzas parlamentarias en la era Cambiemos
Cuidar en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Ramacciotti Karina Inés
Published: September 2020

Cuidar en tiempos de pandemia
Воды и морская среда как предметы преступления: правомерность решения законодателя
Authors: Голубев С.И.
Published: September 2020

В статье рассмотрены вопросы определения предмета преступлений, предусмотренных статьями 250 и 252 УК РФ, а также обстоятельств мест совершения преступления и, что немаловажно, рассматривается понятие водного объекта. На основе анализа нормативных правовых актов дана характеристика морской среды, рассмотрено понятие исключительной экономической зоны. Теоретические положения подкреплены рассмотренными точками зрения видных учёных в сфере экологии. В ходе исследования сделаны выводы о целесообразности замены термина «морская среда» на термин «водный объект», который, в свою очередь, изменит суть уголовно-правовой нормы, содержащейся в ст. 252 УК РФ.
Ключевые слова: экологическая безопасность, вода, морская среда, предмет преступления, водный объект, экологическое преступление, окружающая среда, водный режим.

The article discusses the questions of determination of the subject of crimes stipulated by articles 250 and 252 of the criminal code, and the circumstances of the crime scenes and, most importantly, the concept of a water body. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, the characteristics of the marine environment are given, and the concept of an exclusive economic zone is considered. The theoretical positions are supported by the points of view of prominent scientists in the field of ecology. The study concludes that it is appropriate to replace the term "marine environment "with the term" water object", which in turn will change the essence of the criminal law norm contained in article 252 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: environmental safety, water, marine environment, subject of crime, water object, environmental crime, environment, water regime.
Флетчерская школа во Владивостоке (1990): воспоминание участника
Authors: ХИСАМУТДИНОВ Амир Александрович
Published: September 2020

From editorial: Professor Khisamutdinov recalls participating in the Fletcher School in Vladivostok in 1990, the materials of which are published in this issue. The author speaks very warmly about John C. Perry, a professor at the Fletcher School. Professor Khisamutdinov recalls the establishment of non-governmental relations between the USSR and the USA in the late 80s, the great participation of university teachers and scientists in this matter. The range of issues discussed at the Fletcher School was very broad and focused on the study of contacts and contact zones in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the role of Russia and Vladivostok in establishing and maintaining these contacts. The work of the Fletcher School in Vladivostok coincided with the beginning of a new political era in the life of Russia, and allowed researchers and intellectuals in the USSR to become more familiar with the views of their American colleagues.
The Value of NT-proBNP the Follow - up of Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hai Van Dang Thi , Phuong Thuy Dang , Hai Ha Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To survery the plasma NT-proBNP concentration, the correlation between NT-proBNP concentration and the New York Pediatric Heart Failure Index (NYU PHFI) in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Comment on the association of NT-proBNP with the level of left ventricular dilatation and systolic function in the follow - up of children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Method: Prospective, descriptive study. Results: At the time of diagnosis, 32 out of 33 patients (97%) had an NTproBNP level higher than 97,5th percentile. The log NT-proBNP was significantly positively correlated with PHFI (r = 0.84; P <0.001). The log NT-proBNP wasalso positively correlated with LVED (r = 0.519; p <0.001), was negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.736; p <0.001) and LVFS (r = - 0.737; p <0.001. The initial levels of serum NT-proBNP were not different from three progressed groups. However, at 3 months after diagnosis, the NT-proBNP of the improved group was significantly different from each other. Conclusion: NT-proBNP is an excellentbiomarker used to diagnose and assess cardiac insufficiency inthe follow – up of children with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Current Situation of Nutritional Care in Children Under 6 Months of Age at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital in 2019
Authors: Van Nhien Nguyen , My Thuc Luu Thi , Thi Ha Le , Thi Nga Phan
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To describe epidemiological characteristics, methods of care, the level of physical development of children under 6 months of age to come to the National Pediatric Hospital's pediatric clinic in 2019. Subject: Mothers and children <6 months old to the first visit at National Hospital of Pediatrics from January 2019 to December 2019. Research methodology: cross-sectional description. Results and conclusions: 18.7% of infants were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months, 45.6% of infants were given early solids. 48.6% of children use formula milk because mothers did not have enough milk, 30.6% because mothers had to go to work early. 98.9% of mothers and grandmothers prepare baby food, however 58.3% did not follow the proper methods. 52.9% of babies were breastfed <1 hour after delivery, 41.0% of mothers knew how to breastfeed properly.
DIFFERENTIATING BILIARY ATRESIA FROM OTHER CAUSES OF CHOLESTASIS JAUNDICE IN INFANTS
Authors: Bui Kim Oanh
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the cholestatic etiologies in infants and differences of clinical features, laboratory investigations between biliary atresia and other causes of cholestasis at Vietnam Children Hospital. Background: Cholestasis is defined as reduced bile formation or biliary flow. It results of varied causes. Early detection of biliary atresia is to intervene in time and have the best outcome. Patient and methods: In this retrospective study, 305 infants under 12 months of age with cholestasis were studied in Vietnam Children Hospital during 1/2017-7/2018. Demographic data, duration of jaundice, signs and symptoms as well as laboratory, imaging, liver biopsy and the causes of cholestasis were recorded, divided into 2 group BA and Non-BA. Results: 305 infants (194 boys, 111 girls) with cholestasis and mean age of 83,22±72,10 days were included in the study. The most common causes of cholestasis were idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (33,8%), biliary atresia (25,9%), cytomegalovirus infection (21,6%). In BA group, pale stool (100%), Hepatomegaly (98,7%);  increasing less AST, ALT, more GGT level than Non-BA. Find out GGT cutoff > 212,05 UI/l in diagnosing BA. Conclusion: Biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis are the most common causes of infantile cholestasis. Pale stool, hepatomegaly and GGT elevation > 212,05 UI/l are the most reliable tests for diagnosing BA.
STUDY ON CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSES OF ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS IN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS AT THANH HOA HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS
Authors: Hoàng Hoa Quỳnh
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To comment on the clinical characteristics of acute conjunctivitis in children and study some causes of acute conjunctivitis.

Materials and methods: A clinical descriptive study without control group was carried out in 238 patients  ≤ 6 years of age with acute conjunctivitis and tested hormonal conjunctiva microbiology for treatment in Ophthalmology Department of the Thanh Hoa Hospital of Pediatrics from January to July 2016.

Results: The highest infected age was found in the group of 19 months to ≤ 72 months, male 63.87%, female 36.13%. Both eyes infected with conjunctivitis accounted for 77.31%. 59.24% of patients came to the examination after conjunctivitis 3-7 days and 31.94% after 7 days. 100% showed redness and rheum, 91.71% had swollen eyelashes, 92.18% had pseudomembranous. 75.63% of the cases were severe. Results of staining swab samples were 68.49% with bacteria, 35.29% were Gram (+) bacteria, 32.2% were Gram (-), 30.67% were isolated with bacteria. 65.55% of PCR tests were positive for adenovirus, 21.85% of patients had positive bacteria and PCR.

Conclusion: 100% of cases with acute conjunctivitis in children ≤ 6 years old had red eyes and swab. The disease usually starts in one eye first, and infects to the second eye after averages 3 days. Severe and moderate clinical level was common. 11.37% had corneal complications.
PARTISIPASI POLITIK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM KEPALA DAERAH (PILKADA) KOTA PAYAKUMBUH TAHUN 2017
Authors: Fikri Andre M
Published: September 2020

Partisipasi politik memilih dalam Pemilihan umum kepala daerah ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pilkada. Penyandang Disabilitas merupakan orang berkebutuhan khusus dalam menjalani kesehariannya. Kota Payakumbuh merupakan Kota yang melaksanakan Pilkada serentak Tahun 2017 pasca ditetapkannya Undang-Undang yang baru tentang Pemilukada (Undang-Undang No.10 tahun 2016) dan juga lahirnya Undang-Undang  No.8 Tentang Disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab rendahnya Partisipasi Penyandang Disabilitas pada Pilkada di Kota Payakumbuh. Metode penelitian Kualitatif Deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan dokumemntasi. Pemilihan Informan adalah purposive sampling. Sementara teknik keabsahan adalah triangulasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa yang menyebabkan rendanya partisipasi disabilitas pada Pilkada Kota Payakumbuh berasal dari dua faktor. Pertama faktor internal yaitu para disabilitas dan eksternal yaitu KPUD Kota Payakumbuh, PPDI dan Partai Politik di Kota Payakumbuh. Temuan penelitian: penyebab utama rendahnya angka partisipasi penyandang disabilitas berasal dari faktor eksternal yaitu KPUD Kota Payakumbuh. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh tidak tepatnya sasaran sosialisasi yang diberikan dan kurangnya perhatian penyelenggara terhadap disabilitas. Sementara temuan dari faktor internal didapati bahwasannya penyandang disabilitas cukup memiliki kesadaran akan demokrasi dan hak pilih mereka pada Pilkada Kota Payakumbuh.
Program Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran, Sarana, dan Prasarana Berbasis Factory Teaching Method di SMK IT Al-Abror Tasikmalaya
Authors: Saedudin Rd Rohmat
Published: September 2020

Sumber daya manusia (SDM) berkualitas menjadi tuntutan era kompetitif agar mampu menjawab tantangan lokal, nasional, dan internasional dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dunia usaha dan industri. Sumber Daya Manusia berkualitas hanya dapat diperoleh dari guru profesional dan sekolah berkualitas. Sumber Daya Manusia berkualitas sangat diperlukan oleh dunia industri dari mulai level dasar, menengah, sampai atas. Lembaga Pendidikan menjadi salah satu harapan pemerintah untuk menghasilkan tenaga-tenaga professional berkualitas tersebut. Salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang bisa menciptakan tenaga kerja di tingkat menengah adalah sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK).

Berdasarkan pengamatan empirik yang dilakukan sebuah lembaga carier development center, ternyata lulusan SMK mempunyai kelemahan utama yang membuat kurang diterimanya lulusan SMK oleh industry atau pengguna, yaitu:

Kaget memasuki dunia usaha dan industri nyata padahal bidang kerjanya sesuai dengan jurusan waktu di SMK. Hal ini dikarenakan praktek selama sekolah hanya bersifat simulasi tidak dibuat sama dengan dunia kerja/ bengkel sebenarnya.

Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut itulah, setidaknya ada 2 program utama yang perlu diusulkan dan akan dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan pada kegiatan PPM periode 2 2019 ini, yaitu:

Program Pelatihan Penguatan dan Peningkatan kompetensi SDM (Guru, Tenaga Administrasi, dan Siswa/ Lulusan) berbasis teaching based factory. Materi dan Praktek harus dibuat senyata dan sesesuai mungkin dengan dunia real industry.

Pengadaan, pembuatan, dan pengembangan materi pembelajaran berbasis video learning
Reflexões acerca da Fonologia: conquistas e desafios
Authors: Moura Fábio José de Abreu , Lopes Diana Vasconselos
Published: September 2020

A conferência apresentada por Thaïs Cristófaro Silva durante o evento Abralin Ao Vivo, foca em colaborar com alunos e interessados que desejam ingressar na área da fonologia, ou àqueles sem elementos decisivos em meio a diversidade de estudos que a priori não parecem claros. A autora desconstrói a visão ortodoxa sobre o IPA, julgando-o apenas como uma forma de representação e aponta diferentes problemas em consequência disso. Apresenta também pesquisas emergentes na área da fonética e fonologia que foram pouco exploradas, analisando fenômenos como a nasalização de vogais (e de consoantes) em finais de sílabas, palatização de oclusivas alveolares e o “apagamento” do [i] átono. E ainda, debate sobre as atuais conquistas e desafios da fonologia.
Beneficial Effects of Yoga and Exercise on Psychological Paradigms of an Individual
Authors: Gull Mubashir
Published: September 2020

The study was conducted to examine the effects of yogic and physical exercise on self concept. One hundred twenty subjects in four groups viz. light exercise group, heavy exercise group, yoga performers group and control group were administered measure of self-concept. All the subjects are male in the age range of 26 to 58 years. Data were analyzed by simple ANOVA suitable for multi-group design. Results revealed that the control group had significantly self-concept than the exercise and yoga performing group.
Characteristic of yellow tuna skin (Thunnus albacares) gelatin enriched with cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) powder
Authors: Ningrum A. , Hapsari M.W. , Perdani A.W. , Sutrisno E. , Pravitri K.G. , Ramadhani N.F. , Munawaroh H.S.H.
Published: September 2020

The current practice condition of fish processing will generate some amounts of byproducts such as skin waste. These fish processing by-products can be considered as an
alternative raw material for the preparation of high protein ingredients such as gelatin.
Gelatin extraction from the skin of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) was conducted by
the acid process. Afterwards, the fish gelatin was mixed with cinnamon (GECP) and
roselle powder (GERP) to enhance the physicochemical and functional properties of
gelatin. The effects of the addition of cinnamon (GECP) and roselle powder (GERP) on
the physicochemical and the functional properties such as tensile strength, hardness,
viscosity, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, total flavonoid, total phenolic, total
antioxidant and flavor compounds of enriched gelatin (GECP and GERP) from tuna skin
were evaluated and compared with control (without the addition of cinnamon and roselle
powder). The gelatin exhibited excellent tensile strength, WHC, OHC, total flavonoid,
total phenolic, and antioxidant in the presence of cinnamon and roselle powder rather than
control (without addition) (p<0.05). The flavor analysis by using GC-MS showed more
cinnamaldehyde as one important flavor compounds in GECP and where cyclohexanones
can be identified as one important flavor compound in GERP. Thus, this study confirmed
the improvement of physicochemical properties of gelatin enriched with cinnamon and
roselle powder.
Physical properties and sensory acceptance of red palm olein-based low-fat ice cream added with guar gum and xanthan gum as stabilizers
Authors: Ismail A.H. , Wongsakul S. , M.R. Ismail-Fitry , A. Rozzamri , Mat Yusoff M.
Published: September 2020

Red palm olein (RPOL) is rich in nutritional and antioxidant compounds including
carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols which makes it beneficial in food applications.
However, to maintain the colloidal stability of RPOL in ice cream is challenging.
Therefore, this study was carried out to formulate value-added ice creams supplemented
with RPOL (0.1-5.0% w/w) in combination with guar gum (GG; 0.0-0.4% w/w) or
xanthan gum (XG; 0.0-0.4% w/w) as stabilizers. Physical properties and sensory
acceptance of these ice creams were determined in comparison with selected commercial
ice cream samples (CM-ice creams). Ice cream with 0.1% RPOL and 0.4% guar gum
resembled CM-ice creams in terms of viscosity (9.08±0.05 Pa.s.), hardness (3.59±3.12
kg), and amount of melted ice cream/30 min (62.00±2.83%). Meanwhile, ice cream with
0.1% RPOL and 0.4% xanthan gum was similar with CM-ice creams in their viscosity
(9.19±0.04 Pa.s.) and hardness (0.60±0.25 kg), yet was relatively lower in the amount of
melted ice cream/30 min (33.46±5.06%). All ice creams appeared red and yellow due to
the presence of RPOL, and the colour intensity was enhanced with the presence of the
stabilizers. The RPOL-based ice creams displayed lower score in sensory properties than
those of CM-ice creams, thus highlighted the necessary attributes that need to be improved
in future studies.
Application of Sport Science on Development of Exercise Model Strokes Badminton Based on Footwork
Authors: Dlis Firmansyah , Haqiyah Aridhotul , Hidayah Nurul , Riyadi Dani Nur
Published: September 2020

The purpose this study will be useful for developing and implementing a training model design strokes-based footwork. This product was expected to be an alternative model of exercise strokes-based badminton footwork for middle school students aged 12-15. The method used in this study is research and development of ADDIE. This research was conducted at SMP 74 Jakarta within 4 months in May - September 2018 with research steps: (1) Needs Analysis, (2) Model Development Planning, (3) Development of Exercise Model Design, (4) Expert Validation and Model Revision, (5) Evaluation and Revision Test. Based on the data obtained from the results of the study consisting of expert validation, group trials and effectiveness tests, and discussion of the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: (1) The model of training  footwork  for beginner's that the researchers have developed obtained 35 items that are worth using, (2) Based on the results of the  footwork badminton test, t = 3,920, db = 58 and sig. (2-tailed) or p-value = 0,000 <0.05. This means that the training model footwork badminton for beginners is more effective in improving the basic technical skills of badminton footwork.
Effectiveness of the Textbooks on Structure and Function of Cells in Reproductive System Material
Authors: Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , Titin Titin , Yuliana Yohanes Gatot Sutapa
Published: September 2020

A well-conducted learning activity is supported by the availability of teaching materials, among many other supportive aspects. One of the most common teaching materials is textbook. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of the textbook on the structure and function of cells in reproductive system material for eleventh-grade students in high school. This study applied a descriptive method, and the data analysis used the Gregory test involving two validators. Three aspects that had been validated are presentation, content, and language consisting of fifteen criteria. The result of validation showed the validity construct for the aspect of the presentation is 1, the aspect of content is 1, and the aspect of language is 1, so the criteria for each aspect are very high. It concluded that the textbook can be used as a teaching material for the structure and function of cells in reproductive system material.
the Study on the Functionalization Role of Student Parents in Education Activities
Authors: Mering Aloysius
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine and describe the school's efforts to function the role of students parents in the education process at school. Descriptive research methods are used to achieve the research objectives. The study sample was parents and teachers who were purposively determined on the basis of considering the status of school accreditation. The schools selected as samples were Santun Untan Senior High School (accredited B) and Gembala Baik Senior High School (accreditation A). The research data was collected by interview instruments, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistical studies to describe the optimal functioning of parents by schools. From the research data obtained the fact that the perceptions of parents of students and teachers in Santun Untan Senior High School and Gembala Baik Senior High School toward the relationship between parents and teachers  are "good." In playing the functions of parents in school, both parents and teachers state "no difficulties." Aspects that are considered "important" to "very important" in fostering parent and teacher relationships include not giving up children's affairs to schools, assuming parents as school partners, parents controlling children's education, parents always following the development of the school , and care about children's education. With this perception, it is possible to "ideal conditions" in building optimal cooperation in student education in the two sample schools.
The Development of Learning Multimedia to Improve English Communication Skills
Authors: Meidiantary Leny
Published: September 2020

This study aims to find out the development of learning multimedia through multimedia development design with material welcoming guests and registering guests at the Hotel, as well as to see how to improve English communication skills using learning multimedia with research subjects in XI grade of Hospitality Accommodation in Pontianak 5 State Vocational High School study the material. The research method used in this research is the development research method by combining the Borg & Gall development model with the Assure learning design model. Data obtained through interviews, observations and tests applied to the subject of the study. The flow of this research is carried out through three main stages, namely: (1) Product development plan phase which includes needs analysis, learning planning, (2) product development phase, which includes analysis of media forms, outlining media program contents, making flowcharts, collecting materials , making programs and (3) testing and revision stages which included small group trial, initial product revisions, second trial (medium scale), product revisions from the results of the second trial, field trial (large scale). The results of the study showed an increase in the presentation using learning multimedia starting from 2.80 from the value of the small group trial, 3.01 for the second trial value and 3.36 for the trial implementation value. In improving English communication skills, the learning completeness increased from an average value of 69.08 to pretest to 83.50 for the posttest average. This means that the use of learning multimedia can contribute to improving the skills of students communicating English.
The Development of E-Learning Teaching Material Based on Edmodo on Basic Competencies of National Integration at Class X of Senior High School
Authors: Solehana Linda , Asrori Asrori , Usman Andy
Published: September 2020

This research aims to determine (1) the design of E-learning teaching materials, (2) steps for using Edmodo-based learning materials (3) student learning behaviour in learning using Edmodo-based E-learning. The development model used is a procedural model adapted from the instructional design development model according to Dick & Carey while the development research model used is in accordance with Borg & Gall. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire instrument, interview guidelines and observation guidelines (observations). The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive statistics. Noting the validation of experts and the results of trials in the field, it can be concluded that: (1) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching materials on Basic Competence (KD) of National Integration are appropriate to use for Class X (Grade 10th) SMA PPKn subjects; (2) Clarity of instructions for using E-learning teaching materials is considered good; (3) Changes in student learning behaviour are students who look very enthusiastic about learning by using E-learning teaching materials; (4) Edmodo-based E-learning materials are considered effective in achieving the learning objectives of the PPKn; (5) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching materials have a high time and place efficiency with regard to the limitations of available teaching materials; (6) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching material is a strategy for delivering messages that have high competitiveness. For research on the development of E-learning teaching materials based on Edmodo that will come to be more refined and better in order to support the smooth learning process.
Visionary Leadership of Principals in Increasing School Quality at SMKN 1 Sambas
Authors: Musytari Tajmi , Chiar M. , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed at objectively looking at the visionary leadership of principals in improving the quality of schools in Sambas 1 State Vocational School (SMKN 1 Sambas). This study uses a qualitative approach. The results showed that SMKN 1 Sambas was a school that was guided by a vision to improve school quality. Improving the quality of schools at SMKN 1 Sambas is achieved through a good school management process by the principal. Based on the findings, researchers suggest: 1) In implementing the school activity program there needs to be control and evaluation of each program implemented. 2) It is recommended to periodically rotate teachers and employees who are given additional assignments. 3) Increase the discipline and commitment of teachers and employees in carrying out the duties and responsibilities assigned to them. 4) Schools need to hold special meetings with parents who discuss the Vision, Mission, and Objectives of the school and convey the importance of the support and role of parents in the education process of their children in school.
The Development of Case-Based Module to Improve Students Learning Outcomes in Citizenship Education
Authors: Sistriana Sistriana , Aunurrahman Aunurrahman , Usman Andy
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the development of case-based modules through a module-based design development case material on Diversity of Tribes, Religion, Race and Intergroup in the Frame of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, and to see how the implementation and acquisition of learning using case-based modules with research subjects of class VIII students who have studied the material. The research method used in this study is a development research method by combining Borg & Gall's development model with the Dick & Carrey learning design model. Data obtained through interviews, observations and tests applied to the subject of the study. The flow of this research is carried out through three main stages, namely (1) Product development plan phase, which includes analysis of learning objectives, learning analysis, identification of student characteristics, formulating objectives and planning of learning media, (2) Stage of product development, which includes product development, developing test instruments, developing learning strategies, developing and selecting instructional materials, designing and developing evaluation drafts, revising learning packages, and (3) testing and revision stages, which include small group trials, initial product revisions, medium scale tests, revisions second test of result product, and large-scale trials. The results showed a high percentage of the feasibility of learning activities, namely 84.26% in teacher activities and 83.33% in student activities. Learning gain that can be achieved by using case-based modules is the activity of students in learning activities and an increase in the percentage of mastery learning in the pretest and posttest implementation, from 20% to 46.67%. And viewed from the aspect of increasing understanding of the attitudes that must be had regarding the diversity of tribes, religions, races, and intergroup obtained through assessment instruments attitudes as a whole reached an average of 4, which means that some students consider each aspect important to ethnic diversity, religion, race, and intergroup.
Compromiso de Caspe y el reinado de Fernando I de Aragón en la 'Cronica Actitatorum temporibus Benedicti Pape XIII', de Martín de Alpartir
Authors: Agudo Romeo María Mar
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo analiza el tratamiento que se hace de los sucesos acaecidos tras la muerte de Martín I de Aragón (1410), especialmente del Compromiso de Caspe (1412), y del reinado de Fernando I de Aragón (1412-1416), en la Cronica actitatorumtemporibus Benedicti pape XIII, obra escrita por el aragonés Martín de Alpartir, coetáneo de los hechos que narra.

Palabras clave: Martín I de Aragón, Compromiso de Caspe, Fernando I de Aragón, Cronica actitatorum Temporibus Benedicti Pape XIII, Martín de Alpartir, siglo xv.

This study analyzes the historical treatment of the events that occurred after the death of Martin I of Aragon (1410), especially of the Caspe Commitment (1412), and of the reign of Fernando I of Aragon (1412-1416), carried out in the Cronica actitatorum temporibus Benedicti pape XIII, a work written by the Aragonese Martin Alpartir, a contemporary of the events he narrates.

Key words:Martin I of Aragon, Caspe Commitment, Fernando I of Aragon, Cronica actitatorum temporibus Benedicti pape XIII, Martin of Alpartir, 15th Century.
barbarización del ejército romano
Authors: Álvarez Soria Ignacio Jesús
Published: September 2020

Resumen

En el presente artículo repasaremos someramente algunos de los hitos más reseñables de la historia militar del Imperio Romano Tardío, haciendo hincapié en el papel de los bárbaros que luchaban junto a los romanos, puesto que la barbarización del ejercito romano ha sido uno de los puntos de referencia en las investigaciones acerca de la decadencia y caída del Imperio Romano. En este sentido, haremos referencia al papel integrador que tuvo el ejército romano durante buena parte de la historia del Imperio Romano, y señalaremos los principales hechos que condujeron al final de dicho papel; esbozando también las desastrosas consecuencias que tuvo este hecho para el futuro del Imperio, especialmente del Occidental.   

Palabras clave: Bárbaros, ejército, integración, migración, godos, reclutamiento.

Abstract

In this article we will briefly review some of the most important milestones in the military history of the Late Roman Empire. In it we will emphasize the role of the barbarians who fought with the Romans, since the barbarización of the Roman army is one of the points of reference in the investigations about the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. In this sense, we will refer to the role played by the Roman army in the integration of foreigners during a large part of the history of the Roman Empire. In addition, we will point out the main events that led to the end of this integrating role; we will also indicate the disastrous consequences this fact had for the future of the Empire, especially for the Western part.

Key words: Barbarians, army, integration, migration, goths, recruitment.
Matemáticas puras y mixtas en una cenefa atribuida al artista mahonés Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 - 1817)
Authors: Meavilla Seguí Vicente , Oller Marcén Antonio M.
Published: September 2020

El artista menorquín Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 – 1817), autor de una enciclopedia científica que ha llegado hasta nosotros con el nombre de Obras didácticas, pintó en el salón de la Casa Vidal (Mahón, calle de Isabel II, nº 21) una cenefa en la que aparecen representaciones alegóricas de la escultura, pintura, arquitectura, astronomía, música, literatura, matemáticas y agricultura. En este artículo mostramos algunos detalles relativos a las alegorías de las matemáticas (lado este) y la astronomía (lado sur) que pueden escapar al ojo del observador común.

Palabras clave: Pascual Calbó, Matemáticas, Pintura, Menorca, Siglo XVIII.

 ABSTRACT

The artist from Menorca Pascual Calbó Caldés (1752 – 1817), author of a scientific encyclopedia which has been preserved under the title of Obras didácticas, painted in the living room of the Casa Vidal (Mahón, 21st of Isabel II Street) a frieze in which we can find allegorical representations of sculpture, painting, architecture, music, literature, mathematics and agriculture. In this paper, we present some details regarding the allegories of mathematics (eastern wall) and astronomy (southern wall) that may scape the eye of the common observer.

Keywords: Pascual Calbó, Mathematics, Painting, Minorca, 18th century.
fin de un mito: causas clínicas de la muerte de Fernando el Católico
Authors: Elipe Jaime , Villagrasa Beatriz
Published: September 2020

El conocimiento sobre Fernando el Católico en la actualidad continúa siendo bastante limitado, especialmente en lo referente a sus últimos días y posterior muerte. Tradicionalmente se achacó su deterioro de salud, según los principales historiadores coetáneos y posteriores, al empleo abusivo de afrodisíacos para poder engendrar al ansiado heredero con la reina Germana de Foix. Pedro Mártir de Anglería fue el único que recogió datos de forma continuada en el tiempo, que han sido pasados por alto por la historiografía. Mediante un estudio interdisciplinar, se ha realizado una lectura sistemática de las cartas del Epistolario del humanista lombardo, extrayendo todas las noticias del progreso de su salud para trazar un cuadro clínico. A partir de este, los afrodisíacos quedan definitivamente excluidos como causa del deterioro de la salud del rey. Tomando los edemas y la disnea como principales síntomas, se ofrece una nueva hipótesis sobre el fallecimiento del Rey: el fallo cardíaco.

Palabras clave: Fernando el Católico, muerte, enfermedad, insuficiencia cardíaca, afrodisíacos

 

Abstract

Nowadays, the knowledge about Ferdinand the Catholic is quite limited, especially on his last days and his death. According to the main historians, the obit of the king was caused by the massive use of aphrodisiacs due to the desire of fathering an heir with Germaine of Foix. The works of Pedro Mártir de Anglería offers much more data about the evolution of Ferdinand's disease that was never kept in mind. Through an interdisciplinary study, a systematic reading of the Epistolario letters of the lombard humanist has been carried out in order to describe a medical condition. Based on it, the thesis of abuse of aphrodisiacs has to be discard completly. As the oedemas and dyspnoea are the principal sytoms, a new hypothesis about the death of the Catholic King is offered: the heart failure.

Key words: Ferdinand the Catholic, death, illness, heart failure, aphrodisiacs
Lengua minorizada y medios de comunicación: prejuicio, activismo y fragmentación lingüística. El caso del aragonés.
Authors: Campos Bandrés Iris Orosia
Published: September 2020

Resumen. A pesar de que la diversidad lingüística de Aragón ha sido institucionalmente reconocida desde la aprobación de su Estatuto de Autonomía en 1982, la presencia del aragonés en los medios de comunicación autonómicos ha sido escasa y cuestionada. Ante esta situación, esta labor ha sido asumida por activistas pertenecientes principalmente al sector neohablante. Con el fin de realizar una aportación sobre el estado de la cuestión respecto al aragonés en los mass media, se desarrolló un trabajo de naturaleza cualitativa cuyos resultados muestran una actitud mayoritariamente favorable su presencia en los medios, especialmente en los territorios donde todavía se conserva con cierto grado de vitalidad; lugares donde, sin embargo, no tienen repercusión las iniciativas desarrolladas desde el ámbito neohablante, lo cual pone de manifiesto la fractura existente entre la comunidad nativa y los nuevos hablantes de aragonés. Por otra parte, destaca la carencia de información sobre la lengua propia entre la sociedad altoaragonesa. De este modo, en muchas ocasiones emerge una identificación del aragonés con modelos tintados por el prejuicio, tópico y/o folklorismo como son las identidades baturras, difundidas de un modo recurrente a través de los medios y del cine sobre todo a lo largo del siglo XX.

Palabras clave. Lengua aragonesa; actitudes lingüísticas; prejuicios lingüísticos; lenguas minorizadas.  

 

Abstract. Linguistic diversity in Aragon has been institutionally recognized since 1982. Nevertheless, its presence in the media has been poor and questioned. Given that situation, this concern has been tackled by activists from the ‘new speakers’ sphere. With the aim of making a contribution with respect to the Aragonese language in the mass media, a qualitative research was conducted in Alto Aragón. Results show the existence of a majoriatian favorable attitude towards the presence of Aragonese in the media,  particularly in the areas where the language has still some level of vitality. Nevertheless, initiatives developed by activists have a very little impact around native speakers of Aragonese, and this situation underscores the gap that exists between ‘native speakers’ and ‘new speakers’. Finally, it is also important to stress the lack of information about the regional language among the population. Thus, it is common to find the identification of Aragonese language with linguistic models tainted with prejudices. One recurring example is the ‘baturra’ identity, that has been largely widespread by films and the media during the XXth century.  

Key words. Aragonese language; lingüístic attitudes; lingüístic prejudices; minoritized languages.
coloquio de Todorov y Cervantes en "El coloquio de los perros"
Authors: García Simón Licet , Otero Luque Frank
Published: September 2020

Resumen: En el presente trabajo analizamos el aspecto fantástico de El casamiento y de El coloquio de los perros  a la luz de las teorías sobre el género fantástico de Tzvetan Todorov (Introducción a la literatura fantástica, 1970) y de David Roas (“La amenaza de lo fantástico”, 2001). Nos interesan las ideas de Roas especialmente en la medida en que valoran y, al mismo tiempo, problematizan la teoría de Todorov. Nuestro análisis explora la tensión que se establece al interior del texto cervantino entre lo real y lo imposible, con el propósito de ilustrar las nuevas posibilidades interpretativas y los nuevos sentidos sobre el género fantástico que la teoría contemporánea le ofrece al lector actual. La tensión que producen las lecturas posibles ilustra perfectamente las subdivisiones de género que Todorov habría de proponer tres siglos más tarde: lo maravilloso, lo extraño y lo fantástico.

Palabras clave: fantástico, real, imposible, Cervantes, Todorov

Abstract: In this paper we analyze the fantastic element in Cervantes' El casamiento engañoso (The Deceitful Wedding) and El coloquio de los perros (The Conversation of the Dogs or Dialogue between Scipio and Berganza), under the light of Tzvetan Todorov's literary theory on the fantastic genre in his Introduction à la littérature fantastique (1970), contrasting it with David Roas' thoughts on the same topic in his essay titled "La amenaza de lo fantástico” (2001). We are interested in Roas' ideas in particular, because this scholar values and yet challenges Todorov's theory. Bearing both perspectives in mind, here we explore the tension that Cervantes' texts under scrutiny create between real and impossible situations, in order to illustrate new interpretative possibilities of the fantastic genre that contemporary literary theory allows the reader nowadays. The tension that Cervantes' texts produces in the contemporary reader due to the several possible interpretations such texts offer, perfectly illustrates the subdivisions that Todorov would set forth three centuries later: the marvelous, the uncanny, and the fantastic.

Key words: fantastic, real, impossible, Cervantes, Todorov
hammam et la culture de la purification chez les femmes de la Medina et de son hawz: le cas des rituels festifs familiaux à Tlemcen et Ain el Hûts
Authors: Guenaou Mustapha
Published: September 2020

Cette contribution entre dans le cadre d’une série d’études qui porte, essentiellement, sur un lieu d’histoire et de mémoire du corps de la femme. Il s’agit du hammam, dans sa langue d’origine et le bain maure chez les francophones, dans la conception de la population de l’ancienne capitale du Maghreb central (Tlemcen, l’intra muros) et son hawz (Ain El Hûts, extra muros). Par son passé, il remonte à une date lointaine. Le hammam reprend ses fonctions principales pour prendre une place dans la société arabo musulmane. Très fréquenté par la gent féminine, il est le lieu des pratiques sociales et culturelles pour y rester dans la célébration des événements familiaux. D’ailleurs, l’étude touche directement l’ unité sociale de l’expression du travail du personnel féminin, l’unité sociale de la purification et de l’hygiène corporelles, la culture locale de la purification corporelle, le dernier bain du célibat de la jeune fille, le premier bain de la nouvelle mariée, le premier bain post-couche de la jeune mère, le bain pré pèlerinage.

Mots clefs : hammam, bain maure, fonctions sociales, Tlemcen, Ain El Hûts, hawz, événements familiaux, rituels festifs, purification, hygiène corporelle, femmes

Esta contribución forma parte de una serie de estudios que tienen como objeto la concepción del hammamo baño turco como un espacio de historia y memoria del cuerpo femenino entre la población de la antigua capital del Magreb central (Tlemcen, intramuros) y su hawz(Ain el Hûts, extramuros). La historia del hammam es larga pero este espacio ha recuperado su funcionalidad hasta hacerse hueco de nuevo en la sociedad árabe musulmana. Muy popular entre las mujeres, es lugar de prácticas sociales y culturales en torno a la celebración de eventos familiares. Por otra parte, nuestro estudio aborda directamente la unidad social de la expresión del trabajo del personal femenino, la unidad social de purificación e higiene corporales, la cultura local de la purificación del cuerpo, el último baño de la joven célibe, el primer baño de la recién casada, el primer baño de la nueva madre y el baño previo a la peregrinación.

Palabras clave: hammam, baño musulmán, funciones sociales, Tlemcen, Ain el Hûts, hawz, festejos familiares, purificación, higiene personal, mujeres