bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of knee osteoarthritis disability phenotypes regarding activity limitation: a cluster analysis
Authors: Vongsirinavarat Mantana , Nilmart Patcharin , Somprasong Sirikarn , Apinonkul Benjawan
Published: April 2020

Background

Studies have reported the subtypes of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) attempting to cluster this heterogonous condition. Activity limitations are commonly used to set goals in knee OA management and better identify subgroups based on level of disability in this patient population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify those activity limitations which could classify the disability phenotypes of knee OA. The phenotypes were also validated by comparing impairments and participation restrictions.

Methods

Participants comprised individuals with symptomatic knee OA. They were interviewed and undertook physical examination according to a standard evaluation forms based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Cluster analysis was used to determine those activity limitations which could best classify the phenotypes of knee OA. To validate the clustered variables, comparisons and regression analysis were performed for the impairments consisting of pain intensity, passive range of motion and muscle strength, and the participation restrictions included the difficulty level of acquiring goods and services and community life.

Results

In all, 250 participants with symptomatic knee OA were enrolled in the study. Three activity limitations identified from data distribution and literature were used as the cluster variables, included the difficulty level of maintaining a standing position, timed stair climbing and 40-m self-paced walk test. The analysis showed four phenotypes of individuals with knee OA according to the levels of disability from no to severe level of disability. All parameters of impairment and participation restrictions significantly differed among phenotypes. Subgroups with greater disability experienced worse pain intensity, limited range of motion (ROM), muscle power and participation restriction levels. The variance accounted for of the subgroups were also greater than overall participants.

Conclusion

The results of this study emphasized the heterogeneous natures of knee OA. Three activity limitations identified could classify the individuals with symptomatic knee OA to homogeneous subgroups from no to severe level of disability. The management plan, based on these homogeneous subgroups of knee OA, could be designated by considering the levels of impairments and participation restrictions.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty vs. kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease:a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Jian-Zhong , Bei Ming-Jian , Shu Dong-Ping , Sun Cheng-Jun , Chen Ji-Bin , Xiao Ya-Ping
Published: April 2020

Background

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are widely used in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease. The purpose of this article is to investigate the clinical efficacy of PVP and PKP for Kümmell’s disease.

Methods

The clinical data that 56 cases of Kümmell’s disease treated with either PVP (28 cases) or PKP (28 cases) from December 2015 to December 2017 were prospectively analyzed. Gender, age, course of disease, injury segment, bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), imaging measurement indexes before surgery between the two groups showed no significant difference (all P > 0.05). The bone cement leakage rate, bone cement injection amount, operation time, VAS, ODI, the rate of vertebral compression, correction rate of kyphosis and refracture rate of adjacent vertebra in 2 years were compared between the two groups to calculate clinical efficacy.

Results

The two groups were followed up for 24–48 months. There was no significant difference in the follow-up time, amount of bone cement injected, incidence of bone cement leakage and refracture rate of adjacent vertebrae between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy times of the PVP group were significantly lower than those of the PKP group (all P = 0.000). VAS score and ODI of the two groups were significantly lower at 1 day, 1 year and 2 years after surgery than before surgery (all P < 0.05), but there was not statistically significant difference between the two groups at each time point after surgery (all P > 0.05). The rate of vertebral compression and kyphosis correction in the two groups were significantly corrected (P < 0.05, respectively) and decreased significantly with time (all P < 0.05), But there was not significant difference between the two groups at any time point (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both PVP and PKP can achieve similar effects in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease. Because the cost, operation time, blood loss, radiation exposure and surgical procedure of PVP are less than those of PKP, PVP has more clinical priority value.
Hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC): a multi-method approach for target-language instrument translation, adaptation, and validation to improve the equivalence of meaning for cross-cultural research
Authors: Palmieri Patrick A. , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Camacho-Rodriguez Doriam E. , Granel-Gimenez Nina , Ford Eric W. , Mathieson Kathleen M. , Leafman Joan S.
Published: April 2020

Background

The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) is widely utilized in multiple languages across the world. Despite culture and language variations, research studies from Latin America use the Spanish language HSOPSC validated for Spain and the United States. Yet, these studies fail to report the translation method, cultural adaptation process, and the equivalence assessment strategy. As such, the psychometric properties of the HSOPSC are not well demonstrated for cross-cultural research in Latin America, including Peru. The purpose of this study was to develop a target-language HSOPSC for cross-cultural research in Peru that asks the same questions, in the same manner, with the same intended meaning, as the source instrument.

Methods

This study used a mixed-methods approach adapted from the translation guideline recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The 3-phase, 7-step process incorporated translation techniques, pilot testing, cognitive interviews, clinical participant review, and subject matter expert evaluation.

Results

The instrument was translated and evaluated in 3 rounds of cognitive interview (CI). There were 37 problem items identified in round 1 (14 clarity, 12 cultural, 11 mixed); and resolved to 4 problems by round 3. The pilot-testing language clarity inter-rater reliability was S-CVI/Avg = 0.97 and S-CVI/UA = 0.86; and S-CVI/Avg = 0.96 and S-CVI/UA = 0.83 for cultural relevance. Subject matter expert agreement in matching items to the correct dimensions was substantially equivalent (Kappa = 0.72). Only 1 of 12 dimensions had a low Kappa (0.39), borderline fair to moderate. The remaining dimensions performed well (7 = almost perfect, 2 = substantial, and 2 = moderate).

Conclusions

The HSOPSC instrument developed for Peru was markedly different from the other Spanish-language versions. The resulting items were equivalent in meaning to the source, despite the new language and different cultural context. The analysis identified negatively worded items were problematic for target-language translation. With the limited literature about negatively worded items in the context of cross-cultural research, further research is necessary to evaluate this finding and the recommendation to include negatively worded items in instruments. This study demonstrates cross-cultural research with translated instruments should adhere to established guidelines, with cognitive interviews, based on evidence-based strategies.
People with multimorbidity in outpatient care: patient-focused and needs-oriented healthcare management (MamBo) – protocol for a multiperspective evaluation study
Authors: Richter Simone , Demirer Ibrahim , Choi Kyung-Eun , Hartrampf Johannes , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute
Published: April 2020

Background

With demographic change, the number of noncommunicable diseases, chronic diseases and multimorbidity is increasing, and so is the demand for health services. This represents a further challenge for the healthcare system. An adequate and efficient treatment of multimorbid patients requires a well-structured, informed and cross-indicated treatment. Therefore, a new form of coordinated, managed and cross-sectoral care for multimorbid patients - the “MamBo” care model - has been developed. Along with the implementation of MamBo, a process and outcome evaluation will be carried out, which is described in this study protocol. The aim of the study is to evaluate the care model according to its implementation process and effectiveness.

Methods

The MamBo-care model will be evaluated in multi-perspective terms. Thus, a process and outcome evaluation with several data sources will be conducted: (1) Annual focus groups and individual interviews with those involved in the process. (2) Various primary data, including surveys of patients, physicians and practice staff at the time of enrolment and 1 year later to enable pre-post comparison. (3) Claim data from the health insurance of the MamBo population in comparison to a comparative population, formed by the propensity score matching method. (4) Process data of the care management. The analysis of qualitative data will be carried out by content analysis according to Mayring. For the analysis of the quantitative data, multivariate analyses are planned.

Discussion

A new form of coordinated care has been introduced to improve intersectoral care of multimorbid patients and reduce the workload on physicians. The effects of the MamBo care model are being investigated for patients, physicians and the cost units. The results will form the basis for the decision whether the care model should be transferred to standard care and what needs to be taken into account for implementation.

Trial registration

The study was retrospectively registered in the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00014047) on June 28, 2019.
Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial
Authors: Bueno-Hernández Nallely , Esquivel-Velázquez Marcela , Alcántara-Suárez Raúl , Gómez-Arauz Angélica Y. , Espinosa-Flores Aranza J. , de León-Barrera Karen L. , Mendoza-Martínez Viridiana M. , Sánchez Medina Gabriela A. , León-Hernández Mireya , Ruiz-Barranco Alejandra , Escobedo Galileo , Meléndez Guillermo
Published: April 2020

Background

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory.

Objective

To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults.

Material and methods

This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35 years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48 mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96 mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15 min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15 min during both OGTTs.

Results

Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10 weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0 min (7.5 ± 3.4 vs 8.8 ± 4.1 μIU/mL; p = 0.01), 30 min (91.3 ± 56.2 vs 110.1 ± 49.4 μIU/mL; p = 0.05), 105 min (47.7 ± 24.4 vs 64.3 ± 48.2 μIU/mL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (44.8 ± 22.1 vs 63.1 ± 47.8 μIU/mL; p = 0.01) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at − 15 min (87.9 ± 4.6 vs 91.4 ± 5.4 mg/dL; p = 0.003), 0 min (88.7 ± 4 vs 91.3 ± 6 mg/dL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (95.2 ± 23.7 vs 106.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL; p = 0.009) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96 mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p = 0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p = 0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48 mg sucralose group (6.04 ± 3.19 vs 4.86 ± 2.13; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required.

Clinical trial registry

NCT03703141.
Lipidomic profile and candidate biomarkers in septic patients
Authors: Mecatti Giovana Colozza , Messias Márcia Cristina Fernandes , de Oliveira Carvalho Patrícia
Published: April 2020

Sepsis is a severe disease with a high mortality rate. Identification and treatment in the initial hours of the disease improve outcomes. Some biomarkers like procalcitonin and C-reactive protein are used for diagnosis and to access sepsis prognosis and they can help in clinical decision-making, but none has sufficient specificity or sensitivity to be routinely employed in clinical practice. This review seeks to evaluate lipid metabolism alterations in patients with sepsis and the possibility of using the respective metabolites as biomarkers of the disease. A search of the main electronic biomedical databases was conducted for the 20-year period ending in February 2020, focused on primary research articles on biomarkers in sepsis. The keywords included sepsis, septic shock, biomarker, metabolomic, lipidomic and lysophosphatidylcoline.

. It concludes that altered lipid profiles, along with the progress of the disease should provide new insights, enabling a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and making it possible to design new early diagnosis and therapeutic procedures for sepsis.
Association between rs2107595 HDAC9 gene polymorphism and advanced carotid atherosclerosis in the Slovenian cohort
Authors: Grbić Emin , Gorkič Nataša , Pleskovič Aleš , Zorc Marjeta , Ljuca Farid , Gasparini Mladen , Mrđa Božidar , Cilenšek Ines , Mankoč Sara , Banach Maciej , Petrovič Daniel , Fras Zlatko
Published: April 2020

Background

Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events; moreover, it has been investigated as a candidate gene in a number of conditions, including the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the rs2107595 HDAC9 gene polymorphism may be associated with advanced carotid artery disease in a Slovenian cohort. We also investigated the effect of this polymorphism on HDAC9 receptor expression in the internal carotid artery (ICA) specimens obtained by endarterectomy.

Methods

This case-control study enrolled 619 unrelated Slovenian patients: 311 patients with ICA stenosis > 75% as the study group and 308 patients with ICA stenosis < 50% as the control group. Patient laboratory and clinical data were obtained from the medical records. The rs2107595 polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. HDAC9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 30 ICA specimens from patients with ICA atherosclerosis > 75%, and the numerical areal density of HDAC9 positive cells was calculated.

Results

The occurrence of advanced ICA atherosclerosis in the Slovenian cohort was 3.81 times higher in the codominant genetic model (OR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.06–13.77, p = 0.04), and 3.10 times higher in the recessive genetic model (OR = 3.10, 95%CI = 1.16–8.27, p = 0.02). In addition, the A allele of rs2107595 was associated with increased HDAC9 expression in the ICA specimens obtained by endarterectomy.

Conclusions

We observed a significant association between the AA genotype of rs2107595 with the advanced carotid artery disease in our Slovenian cohort, indicating that this polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for ICA atherosclerosis.
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms and osteoporosis risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yadav Upendra , Kumar Pradeep , Rai Vandana
Published: April 2020

Background

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones in which the density of the bones decreases. The prevalence of this disease greatly varies in different populations of the world. Numerous studies have been investigated VDR gene polymorphisms as osteoporosis risk in different ethnic groups. In present meta-analysis, the aim is to find out the role of VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI,BsmI,ApaI, andTaqI) in osteoporosis risk.

Methods

Suitable case-control studies for present meta-analysis were retrieved from four electronic databases. Open Meta-Analyst program was used for statistical analyses.

Results

Studies investigatedBsmI (65 studies; 6880 cases/8049 controls),ApaI (31 studies; 3763 cases/3934 controls),FokI (18 studies; 1895 cases/1722 controls), andTaqI (26 studies; 2458 cases/2895 controls) polymorphisms that were included in the present meta-analysis. A significant association was found between the dominant model ofFokI (ORff + Ffvs.FF= 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04–1.36,p= 0.01,I2= 39.36%) in the overall analysis and recessive model of the Caucasian population ofTaqI polymorphism (ORTT + Ttvs.tt= 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.63,p= 0.002,I2= 50.07%) with osteoporosis. On the other hand, no such effect is found in any other genetic models and in any other gene polymorphisms of the overall analyses or sub-group analyses.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the authors found that the dominant model ofFokI in the overall analysis and recessive model ofTaqI in the Caucasian population are significantly associated with the development of osteoporosis.
Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective
Authors: Yu Xin-Xin , Xu Cheng-Ran
Published: April 2020

Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
MMP14 is required for delamination of chick neural crest cells independently of its catalytic activity
Authors: Andrieu Cyril , Montigny Audrey , Bibonne Anne , Despin-Guitard Evangeline , Alfandari Dominique , Théveneau Eric
Published: April 2020

Matrix metalloproteinases have a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from extracellular matrix components and adhesion molecules to chemokines and growth factors. Despite being mostly secreted, MMPs have been detected in the cytosol, the mitochondria or the nucleus. Although most of the attention is focused on their role in matrix remodeling, the diversity of their substrates and their complex trafficking open the possibility for non-canonical functions. Yet in vivo examples and experimental demonstration of the physiological relevance of such activities are rare. Here, we have used chick neural crest (NC) cells, a highly migratory stem cell population likened to invasive cancer cells, as a model for physiological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We demonstrate that MMP14 is required for NC delamination. Interestingly, this role is independent of its cytoplasmic tail and of its catalytic activity. Our in vivo data indicate that, in addition to being a late pro-invasive factor, MMP14 is also likely to be an early player, owing to its role in EMT.
INFLUENCE OF SEED TREATMENT AND VARIETY ON PLANTS DAMAGE OF SPRING BY ROOT ROTS
Authors: Balykin Aleksey , Shashkarov Leonid
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the issues of root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during heading, depending on varietal characteristics and seed dressing in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. Margarita, Simbirtsit and Prokhorovka varieties were studied. The second factor is seed treatment in three grades: 1. Without treatment (control one). 2. Seed treatment with Benlat. 3. Seed treatment with Nano-Gro. The results of the analysis of lesions by root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during heading are presented. The effect of Nano-Gro in combination with the seed dresser Benlat was also studied. It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with Nano-Gro solution helps to reduce damage by root rot, leaf and stem diseases (septoria, powdery mildew, rust) during tillering-exiting the tube, fusarium and smut during ear formation in spring wheat.
TO DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE FLEXIBLE WORKING ELEMENT OF HAULM CHOPPER
Authors: Kalimullin Marat , Abdrakhmanov Rinat , Ismagilov Dinar , Valiev Il'dar
Published: April 2020

Potato in the Russian Federation takes the second place after grain in its economic importance. In the public sector, potatoes are cultivated on farms, personal and subsidiary plots. In connection with the transition to market relations, the area for planting potatoes has sharply decreased, and as a result, the production of potato harvesting equipment. Therefore, the question arose of the further creation and production of the simplest potato harvesting equipment and the improvement of their new working units. Pre-harvest removal chopping tops occupies an important place in the technology of potato cultivation. The easiest way to remove the tops is mechanical. During operation, it was noted that rotary machines have a number of disadvantages caused by the imperfection of the rotor design, its kinematic regimes, insufficient balance and reliability. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a rotary topper with a vertical axis of rotation was designed and manufactured. To justify the design and operational parameters, theoretical studies of the process of interaction of the working element of the chopper with the tops of root crops were carried out, as a result of which the main patterns characterizing the working element were identified. In particular, a dependence was obtained that allows one to determine the shape of the line of the working element, which takes into account both the design parameters and the operating modes of the developed haulm chopper. Due to the action of gravity and air resistance during rotation, the working element cannot be a straight rod, that is, the farther the point of the working element from the center of rotation, the more it will lag behind the intended straight line. The deviation value will be in direct proportion to the transverse size of the working element and inversely to the linear density of its material. The coefficient of air resistance is determined experimentally, due to the influence on its value of both the shape and structure of the surface of the working element, as well as humidity and air temperature.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY INSTALLATION FOR DRYING FLIES LARVAS OF HERMETIA ILLUCENS IN A VIBRATION-LIQUIDED LAYER
Authors: Spiridonov Anatoliy , Anisimova Kseniya , Glavatskih Nadezhda , Yurkov Mihail
Published: April 2020

One of the modern and promising areas for the disposal of food waste and agricultural waste from plant and animal origin is the use of larvae of Black stratiomys flies (Hermetia illucens) with the subsequent receipt of them high-quality natural protein feed for livestock, poultry, aquaculture, etc. Use larvae in live frozen and dried state. Drying allows you to increase the shelf life and get a more concentrated feed. However, most drying methods are characterized by high energy intensity of the process with varying degrees of preservation of the properties of the feedstock. One of the methods for drying larvae is drying in a vibro-fluidized bed in an infrared field generated by a gas mixture. To implement this method, a laboratory setup has been developed. A closed perforated container with larvae, which performs vertical vibrations, is installed in the working chamber. The oscillation frequency is selected depending on the degree of drying. At the bottom of the chamber is a gas infrared generator fed by a propane-butane mixture from a cylinder. To create a steady flow, an exhaust fan is installed in the upper part of the working chamber. Temperature control in the upper and lower parts of the working area is carried out by thermocouples. During the experiments, the drying regimes and the rate of moisture evaporation were clarified. The moisture content of the dried material was measured over the entire drying period. The energy consumption for moisture evaporation was controlled. As a result, the energy intensity and productivity of the heat and moisture transfer process are determined. The larvae of Black stratiomys flies dried by this method have a dense texture, a homogeneous structure, and a tan color.
PROCESSING SUNFLOWER HUSK INTO HIGH STRENGTH COAL BRIQUETTES
Authors: Tuncev Denis , Har'kov Vitaliy , Kuznecov Maksim
Published: April 2020

An urgent problem of the modern agro-industrial complex is the low efficiency of the use of secondary raw materials. On the basis of Rosstat data, in 2018 almost 13 million tons of sunflower seeds were collected in the country, which led to the accumulation of up to 1.8-3.2 million tons of husk, which is the ballast component of the technology for producing sunflower oil. Oil refineries continuously bear the costs of storage, safety, and the removal and disposal of such waste in landfills. Sunflower husk has a high calorific value, so thermochemical processing methods allow for the integrated processing of unclaimed raw materials of plant origin with moderate capital costs in energy and various chemical products. An experimental laboratory setup for conductive pyrolysis of plant materials has been developed to produce high-strength coal briquettes. The advantages of conductive heat feed pyrolysis reactors are simplicity of design and ease of maintenance. The results of a pilot study of the conductive pyrolysis process of sunflower husk showed that the obtained coal briquettes have a low ash content (6.2%), their maximum yield (29%) was achieved at a pressing pressure of 25 kg/cm2, and the maximum density of the samples was 1139 kg/cm3 (pressing pressure 153 kg/cm2). It was found that an increase in pressing pressure from 20 to 150 kg/cm2leads to an increase in the density of coal briquettes by 16%, and the maximum value of compression pressure is 566 kg/cm2. Also, at a compaction pressure of more than 50 kg/cm2, the impact resistance index during discharge reaches 100%. The developed technology provides a large mass yield of coal briquettes with high quality characteristics, which indicates the promise of utilizing sunflower husk by conductive pyrolysis in the fuel feed for the metallurgical industry.
Isolated and simultaneous perceived barriers to physical activity counseling
Authors: Souza Neto João Miguel de , Guerra Paulo Henrique , Rufino Emily Alves , Costa Filipe Ferreira da
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of perceived barriers and their isolated and simultaneous association with the practice of counseling for physical activity by primary health care workers. This is a cross-sectional study with 591 health workers, who work in the Family Health Teams. Counseling for physical activity was defined as the accomplishment of such a practice for more than six months. The barriers investigated were lack of time, lack of knowledge, lack of professionals to guide, lack of available instructional material, lack of environmental resources and lack of financial resources of the user. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible relationships between perceived barriers and the practice of counseling for physical activity.  Non-counselors reported a lack of time (68.8%), knowledge (68.5%) and orientation (63.2%) compared to their peer counselors (p ≤ 0.001). Professionals with three or more barriers were more likely not to advise (OR = 3.91; 95%CI: 2.10 - 7.29) when compared to those who reported no concurrent barriers.  These results indicate that the simultaneity of perceived barriers is negatively associated to the practice of counseling for physical activity of health workers.
Prevención de Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos mediante la mejora de Hábitos Posturales: experiencia en el colectivo de limpieza
Authors: Puig Aventin Vanessa , Gallego Fernández Yolanda , Moreno Moreno María Pilar
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: El objetivo es valorar la efectividad de una intervención de mejora de hábitos posturales para prevenir los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el sector limpieza.

Método: Se diseñó una intervención específica para el colectivo de limpieza, mediante una serie de acciones continuadas en el tiempo dirigidas a fomentar una buena higiene postural y el ejercicio físico. Se aplicó la intervención en dos años distintos (estudio original y estudio de replicación), a una muestra de trabajadores del subsector Limpieza general de edificios, pertenecientes a distintos centros de trabajo de una misma empresa. Se incorporaron herramientas de valoración de las intervenciones basadas en la autopercepción y el registro de los hábitos por un observador externo.

Resultados: En el primer estudio se obtuvo un aumento del 92% de las personas que manifestaban adoptar siempre o casi siempre buenos hábitos posturales durante las tareas de limpieza. En el estudio de replicación esta mejora fue del 67%. Las principales mejoras se observaron en: flexionar las piernas, mantener la espalda recta, alternancia de brazos y buscar puntos de apoyo. En la valoración observacional de los hábitos posturales se constató la mejoría autopercibida.

Conclusiones: El modelo de intervención fundamentado en una serie de acciones continuadas en el tiempo, favoreciendo el empoderamiento de los trabajadores puede ser efectivo para mejorar, a corto plazo, los hábitos posturales del colectivo de limpieza. Se precisa de más estudios para valorar si el cambio de hábitos se mantiene a largo plazo y su efecto sobre la disminución de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos.
Evolución temporal de la incidencia por incapacidad temporal de origen común según tramos de duración (2009-2018)
Authors: Ballesteros Polo Mónica , Sampere Valero Maite , López López Juan Carlos , Sacristán Nieto Rosa , Ruiz Julián Ana , Alguacil García Sara , Santos Ávila Elisabeth , García Rubia Silvia , López Costa Bibiana , Martínez Martínez José Miguel
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Describir la evolución temporal (2009-2018) de la incidencia de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) según tramos de duración en España.

Métodos: Se consideraron casos de ITCC de la población afiliada de una mutua laboral. Se obtuvo la incidencia global de la incapacidad temporal por ITCC y por tramos de duración. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales considerando un punto de inflexión en 2013. Se calculó el porcentaje de cambio anual e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los análisis se estratificaron por edad y sexo.

Resultados: La incidencia global pasó de 35,3 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año en 2009 a 25,2 en 2013. A partir del 2014 se observa un ascenso sostenido de la incidencia de ITCC, finalizando el 2018 con 34,1 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año. La incidencia global está determinada fundamentalmente por procesos menores a 16 días en población joven. El descenso en 2009-2013 se produjo en todos los tramos de duración, en especial en 4 a 15 (PCA=-11,2; IC 95%=(-14,1 a -8,2)) y más de 90 días (PCA=-9,4; IC 95%=(-15,5 a -2,8)), principalmente en jóvenes. El ascenso en 2013-2018 se observó en todos los tramos, siendo el incremento más significativo en tramos de 1-3 días (trabajadores de menor edad: PCA=18,9; IC 95%=(14,8 a 23,2)) y en más de 90 días (principalmente en mayores).

Conclusiones: La descripción temporal de la incidencia de ITCC por tramos de duración ofrece una información detallada de la incapacidad temporal.
Tezkire-i Şeyh Safî’deki -A ėr- Odaksıl Şimdiki Zaman İşaretleyicisi
Authors: TOKAT Feyza
Published: April 2020

Türkçedeki odaksıl şimdiki zaman -(ı)yor ekinin, yorı- “yürümek” tasvir fiilinin yorır geniş zaman çekiminden hece yutumu ile oluştuğu ve aslında ayrı bir kelime olan

bu ekin sonradan ekleştiği genel olarak kabul görmüştür. Lars Johanson, bu genel görüşe katılmaz ve Azerbaycan Türkçesindeki şimdiki zaman işaretleyicisi {(y)Ir}’ın, büyük bir ihtimalle zarf-fiil + er-ür (er- ‘olmak’) biçiminde bir tasvirî fiilden geliyor olması gerektiğini söyler. Bu çalışmada Lars Johanson’un “büyük bir ihtimalle” diyerek belirttiği, fakat tanıklayamadığı -A ėr- şimdiki zaman ekinin örnekleri verilmiştir. Verilen örnekler İbn Bezzâz’ın Farsça Safvetu’s-Safâ adlı eserinden XVI. yüzyılda Neşâtî tarafından Azerbaycan sahasında Türkçeye çevrilen “Tezkire-i Şeyh Safî”den alınmıştır. Böylelikle, -A ėr- yapısı, Azerbaycan Türkçesinde odaksıl şimdiki zaman işaretleyicisi olarak ilk defa tanıklanmış olacaktır.
The Disruptor Speaks: An Interview with Kat Gordon
Authors: Gordon Kat , Grow Jean M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This article features an interview with Kat Gordon, Founder and Chief Executive Officer of the 3% Movement. Speaking with Jean Grow (Marquette University), Gordon outlines the trajectory of her career from magazine writer, to an Advertising Age Visionary of the Year, and an Adweek Disruptor. Across five segments, and seven video clips, the interview maps out Kat's career and 3%'s impact on the advertising industry. The first segment of the interview explores Kat's early career and how it shaped her understanding of the power of women as consumers and women as practitioners. In the second segment, Kat reminiscences about the launch of 3%, and then speaks to how she built a community around it. Segment three addresses the impact 3% has had on the advertising industry. The fourth segment dives into diversity, an existential threat to today's advertising industry. The final segment looks at how the #MeToo movement and Time's Up/Advertising have impacted the advertising industry and teases out what's ahead for 3%.
I Am What I Make Up: Reading Women's Roles in Advertising Across a Century
Authors: Scanlon Jennifer
Published: April 2020

Abstract: A glance at advertising's gendered and racialized history across the past century reveals that women's relationships to advertising, and to the larger consumer culture which fosters our engagements with advertising's many vehicles, have been and remain complicated and contested. This article explores a series of associations between beauty advertising and women's empowerment, in which ads link women's "inarticulate longings" for sensuality, self-assuredness, respect, and space-claiming to the use of particular products. From soap to hair care to cosmetics, and from inviting celebrations of strength to tired resurrections of stereotypes, with confusing offers in between, women receive and deliberate about these bids for their loyalties and their dollars.
Gradient-based one-step fluorescence photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Gottam Omprakash , Naik Naren , Pradhan Asima
Published: April 2020

We propose a gradient-based scheme to solve the fluorescence photoacoustic tomographic (FPAT) problem in a fully nonlinear one-step setting, which aims to reconstruct the map of the absorption coefficient of an exogenous fluorophore from boundary photoacoustic pressure data. Adjoint-based gradient evaluation is presented for the FPAT problem in a frequency-domain photoacoustic equation setting. Numerical validations of the resulting Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) reconstruction scheme are carried out in two dimensions for full- as well as limited-data test cases, and the results are compared with existing Jacobian-based one-step FPAT reconstructions. The reasonably comparable results of the one-step gradient- and Jacobian-based FPAT reconstruction schemes, coupled with the significant computational savings of the former, potentially set up the one-step gradient-based schemes as an advantageous method of choice for FPAT reconstructions. Further reconstruction studies carried out using quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT)-based chromophore reconstructions as inputs to the FPAT inversions show a robustness of fluorophore absorption coefficient reconstructions to the QPAT-obtained inputs.
Visualization of defects in glass through pulsed thermography
Authors: Melada Jacopo , Ludwig Nicola , Micheletti Francesca , Orsilli Jacopo , Gargano Marco , Grifoni Emanuela , Bonizzoni Letizia
Published: April 2020

Pulsed thermography was exploited to identify the presence of glass defects in order to get an indication of the conservation status of archaeological glass. Indeed, the process of degradation in artifacts subjected to centuries of burial can be of great relevance. More specifically, we evaluated the potential of pulsed thermography to map the presence of flakes in archaeological glass. This was achieved by comparing different heating setups and signal-processing algorithms. Tests were carried out previously on glass mockups with surface defects and then on archaeological artifacts.
Optical limiting effect of C70 solution at 1064  nm
Authors: Wu Zhengnan , Lu Yuangang , Zuo Yujie , Xu Feng , Zuo Dunwen
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate the optical limiting effect of

C

70

solution at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We experimentally measured the transmittance of

C

70

solution under three different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mmol/L), three different solution thicknesses (5, 10, and 20 mm), and two different solvents (toluene and xylene) and obtained the values of absorption cross sections and relaxation times in the five-level absorption model of

C

70

solution. The influences of concentration, thickness, and solvent on the optical limiting effect of the

C

70

solution are analyzed. We also measured transmittance of

C

60

solution under the same conditions and compared the results with those of

C

70

solution. The experimental results show that concentration and solution thicknesses have great influence on the optical limiting ability of

C

70

solution. The optical limiting effect of

C

70

solution is better than that of

C

60

solution at low concentration and worse than that of

C

60

solution at high concentration.
Design of AlN ultraviolet metasurface for single-/multi-plane holography
Authors: Gao Xiang , Wan Rongqiao , Yan Jianchang , Wang Liancheng , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Zhu Wenhui , Li Jinmin
Published: April 2020

The metasurface promises an unprecedented way for manipulating wavefronts and has strengths in large information capacity for the hologram. However, strong absorption loss for most dielectric materials hinders the realization of such a metasurface operating in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. Herein, aluminum nitride (AlN) with an ultrawide bandgap has been utilized as the material of the UV metasurface for multi-plane holography, increasing the information capacity and security level of information storage simultaneously. The metasurface for multi-plane holography achieving a correlation coefficient of over 0.8 with three reconstructed images has been investigated, and also the single-plane holography at an efficiency of 34.05%. Our work might provide potential application in UV nanophotonics.
Theoretical modelling of single-mode lasing in microcavity lasers via optical interference injection
Authors: Wang Ling-Fang , Wang Yun-Ran , Francis Henry , Lu Ri , Xia Ming-Jun , Liu Feng , Hopkinson Mark , Jin Chao-Yuan
Published: April 2020

The effective manipulation of mode oscillation and competition is of fundamental importance for controlling light emission in semiconductor lasers. Here we develop a rate equation model which considers the spatially modulated gain and spontaneous emission, which are inherently governed by the ripple of the vacuum electromagnetic field in a Fabry-Pérot (FP) microcavity. By manipulating the interplay between the spatial oscillation of the vacuum field and external optical injection via dual-beam laser interference, single longitudinal mode operation is observed in a FP-type microcavity with a side mode suppression ratio exceeding 40 dB. An exploration of this extended rate equation model bridges the gap between the classical model of multimode competition in semiconductor lasers and a quantum-optics understanding of radiative processes in microcavities.
Microscope-type laser speckle contrast imaging for in vivo assessment of microcirculation
Authors: Lee Cheng-Yu , Huang Bo-Huei , Chen Wen-Ju , Yi Jui-Yun , Tsai Meng-Tsan
Published: April 2020

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can be used to observe dynamic changes in the tissue microcirculation in vivo according to the dynamic interaction between red blood cells and coherent light. In this study, a dual-wavelength LSCI system based on a microscope was developed for in vivo observation of the microvascular pattern and measurement of the blood flow change in the animal model. Additionally, based on the dual-wavelength setup, including 635 and 855 nm wavelengths, the oxygenation of biological tissue was evaluated. Finally, the developed LSCI microscope was implemented for the studies of tissue microcirculation. The results indicate that the developed LSCI microscope could be a potential tool for in vivo observation of the tissue microcirculation and quantitative evaluation of hemodynamics in animal experiments.
Potential antimicrobial effect of plant essential oils and virulence genes expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad H. , Khalifeh Mohammad S. , Zattout Esam M. , Abu-Qatouseh Luay F.
Published: April 2020

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of eight commercially available essential oil (EO) blends and characterize the effect on the expression of some virulence genes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Materials and Methods: In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of oils against MRSA was performed using the disk diffusion method and by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The EOs (A-F) were contained (β-pinene, carvacrol, carvone, dimethyl trisulfide, linalool, limonene, menthol, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and thymol) in different amounts. In addition, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was also used to determine the gene expression of the virulence genes (intercellular adhesion cluster [ica]-9, ica-15, and RNA III) against MRSA (ATCC 43300) after treatment with selected oils.

Results: Among the eight EOs evaluated, EO (D), (E), and (A) showed, in general, the greatest antimicrobial activity against MRSA. EO at 1/3 MIC has effectively down-regulated ica-9 and ica-15 of MRSA by 17.83 and 4.94 folds, respectively. Meanwhile, EO (A) has effectively down-regulated RNAIII by 3.74 folds. Our results indicated that some of the EOs exhibit promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates. Moreover, the results of the analyzed virulence genes related to the pathogenicity of MRSA were down-regulated at the sub-MIC concentrations of EOs, indicated that EOs could be successfully used to suppress the virulence factors and, consequently, decreased the pathogenicity of MRSA.

Conclusion: These encouraging results indicate that some of the EOs used in this study can be utilized as a natural antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA disease.
The Knowledge and Perception of Hand Hygiene Among Health Care Workers in Clinical Settings in Khartoum State - Sudan
Authors: BaderAldeen Ragda M. , Kheder Salah I.
Published: April 2020

Objective
This study conducted to assess health care practitioners’ knowledge and perceptions of hand hygiene among health professional working in clinical settings in Khartoum State - Sudan. with the specific objective of determining the association between their stance on hand hygiene and the general demographic characteristics of these health-care professionals.

Methodology
This is a cross-sectional study conducted between July and November 2017 using a modified form of WHO questionnaire for knowledge and perception that was included 22 items was sent online to health care workers via social media. The data obtained entered and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Chi-square and test of independence were used as a test of significance. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all purposes.

Result
437 hospital staff were responded to the questionnaire. (99.3%) was found to have good knowledge. 197(45.2%) had good perception and 239(54.8%) had fair perception. Formal hand hygiene training was found to have no association with knowledge levels of hand hygiene, but the fair perception was higher in the respondents who didn’t receive formal training.

Conclusion
The present study highlights the hand hygiene knowledge and perception. Most health care workers were found to have good knowledge, and the majority was found to have a fair perception. Formal hand hygiene training courses were found to have no association with knowledge but it may be reflected in practice. The importance of training sessions regarding hand hygiene was noticed in the perception level.
The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Quantum Recurrence in The Dynamics of an Elementary Physical Vacuum Cell and The Problem of its Polarization
Authors: A. A Berezin.
Published: April 2020

A model of a Quantum recurrence in the dynamics of an elementary physical vacuum cell within the framework of four coupled Shrodinger equations has been suggested. The model of an elementary vacuum cell shows that a Quantum recurrence which represents the dynamics of virtual transformations in the cell, qualitatively differs from that of Poincare and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam. Whereas these recurrences develop in time or space, the Quantum recurrence develops in a sequence of Fourier images represented by non exponentially separating functions. The sequence experiences random energy additions but no exponential separation occurs. The Quantum recurrence can be defined as the most frequent array of Fourier images that appear in a certain quantum system during a period of its observation. Different scenarios of the Fourier images sequences interpreted as bosons (electron and positron) and fermions (photons) apearing in the solutions of the model demonstrate that during some periods of its observation they become indistinguishable. The quantum dynamics of every physical vacuum cell depends on the dynamics of many other vacuum cells interacting with it, thus the quasi periodicity (during the period of observation) of the Fourier images recurrence can have infinite periods of time and space and the amplitudes of the Fourier images can vary many orders in their magnitudes. Such recurrence times does not correspond even roughly to the Poincare recurrence time of an isolated macroscopic system. It reminds the behavior of spatially coupled standard mappings with different parameters. The amount of energy in the physical vacuum is infinite but extracting a part of it and converting, it into a time-space form requires a process of periodical transfer of the reversible microscopic system dynamics into that of a macroscopic system. This process can be realized through a resonant interaction between the classical and quantum recurrences developing in these two systems. However, a technical realization of this problem is problematic.