bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microbial Inoculants on Uptake of Nutrient Elements in Two Cultivars of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Saline Soils
Authors: SHIRMARDI Mostafa , SAVAGHEBI Gholam Reza , KHAVAZI Kazem , AKBARZADEH Ali , FARAHBAKHSH Mohsen , REJALI Farhad , SADAT Abdolvahab
Published: April 2018

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the interactive effects of microbial inoculants on uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) in two cultivars of sunflower. The trials were carried out on saline (EC = 7.6 dS m-1) calcareous soils taken from Eshtehard (Karaj) region of Iran. In a factorial trial and completely randomized design (CRD), three levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants (non inoculation, inoculation withGlomus etunicatum and Glomus intradices) and four levels of Pseudomonas fluorescensinoculants (non inoculation and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 4, 9, 12) in two cultivars of sunflower with four replications per treatments were applied. Results revealed that all of the treatments increased the N uptake in Euroflor cultivar. Moreover, in Euroflor cultivar, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 9 and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 4 and Glomus intradices made a significant different in phosphorous uptake, while did not make any significant change in the Master cultivar. However, bacterial and fungal treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased uptake of micro nutrients such as Fe, Zn and Mn.
Allelopathy of Sage and White Wormwood on Purslane Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: PIRZAD Alireza , GHASEMIAN Vahid , DARVISHZADEH Reza , SEDGHI Mohammad , HASSANI Abbas , ONOFRI Andrea
Published: April 2018

A bioassay run was carried out in the incubator to evaluate possible allelopathic effects of water extracts of sage and white wormwood on germination and seedling growth of purslane. Results showed that the type of extract and its concentration (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) significantly influenced final germination percentage, germination rate and index, root and shoot length, root/shoot ratio, fresh and dry weight of seedling of purslane. The interaction between these two experimental factors was always significant, producing different results according to the different combination levels. The statistical comparison of means indicated that the maximum germination percentage and germination rate (respectively 68% and 11.4% d-1) were obtained from the untreated control (0% extract), while the lowest values for the same two characters occurred with 15% of sage (respectively 45% and 6.4% d-1) and 20% of white wormwood (38% and 7.5% d-1). Concerning germination indexes, the highest (55) and the lowest (32) values were observed respectively on the control and with 15% of sage extract or 20% of white wormwood extract. The longest (4.5 cm) and the shortest (1.3 cm) root of purslane were obtained with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts, respectively. Changes in shoot length with sage and white wormwood extracts were similar to those in root length, even though shoot length was less affected by the concentration of extracts. Root and shoot length changes brought to maximum (22.0) and minimum (8.9) values for the root/shoot length ratio, respectively with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts. The maximum fresh (2.111 g) and dry (0.338 g) seedling weight of purslane were obtained from untreated control, producing the same seedling weight with 5% of sage, 5 and 10% of white wormwood extract. While the minimum fresh (0.692 g) and dry (0.111 g) seedling weight were obtained from 15% of white wormwood extract, so that there is no significant differences between this value and the seedling weight produced under 10, 15 and 20% of sage and 20% of white wormwood extract.
Effects of Osmopriming on Germination and Vigour Traits of Bersim Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Authors: ROUHI Hossein Reza , AFSHARI Reza Tavakkol , MOOSAVI Seyed Amir , GHARINEH Mohammad Hossain
Published: April 2018

Previous studies suggested that fast and uniform germination is important for good crop establishment. The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of increasing germination characteristics by seed priming techniques. An experiment was conducted with three replicates and two treatments including: 2 different priming duration (8 and 12 hours) and 6 osmotic potential of PEG 6000 solutions (-0.8, -1,-1.2,-1.4,-1.6 Mpa) and distilled water as a control group). The priming solutions were prepared using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). Our results showed that the most effective osmotic potential in improving germination characteristics of Trifolium alexandrium is -0.8 MPa for 16 hours.
Weed Control in Maize-Cowpea Intercropping System Related to Environmental Resources Consumption
Authors: ESKANDARI Hamdollah , KAZEMI Kamyar
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was carried out in Ramhormoz, Iran during the 2008-2009 growing season to investigate the effects of different planting pattern of intercropping on environmental resource consumption and weed biomass. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included maize sole crop (M), cow pea sole crop (C), within row intercropping (I1), row intercropping (I2) and mix cropping (I3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one maize replaced by three cow pea plants). The results showed that environmental resource consumption was significantly (P?0.05) affected by cropping system, where PAR interception, moisture and nutrients uptake were higher in intercropping systems compared to sole crop systems. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops and it was related to lower availability of environmental resources for weeds in intercropping systems.
Seed Priming Improves the Germination Traits of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Authors: ROUHI Hossein Reza , SHARIF-ZADEH Farzad , ABOUTALEBIAN Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2018

A couple of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of osmopriming and hydropriming treatments on the germination indexes and seed vigor of Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). In the first experiment, fulfilled based on randomized complete block designed with four replicates, the effect of polyethyleneglycol 6000 solution with five osmotic potentials (-8, -10, -12, -14 and -16 bar), two temperatures (15 and 25oC) and four time intervals (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) was analized. The second experiment was fulfilled by using distilled water at two temperatures (15 and 25oC) and four time intervals (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) with four replicates on the above mentioned data. Then, based on the maximum germination rate and vigor indexes, the optimal treatment composition was determined for osmopriming and hydropriming solutions in regard to the osmotic potential, temperature and priming duration. In osmopriming experiment, treatment composition of 12 hours at 15oC and -8 bar had the most significant effect on the percent and speed of germination, length of radicle, coleoptile and seedling, as well as vigor indexes in Tall fescue. For hydropriming, the effect analyzed in the same condition as osmopriming, was observed in the majority of evaluated traits; treatment composition of 12 hours prime and 15oC had the maximum numerical value in comparison to control and other treatments. Finally, it is inferred that favorable effects of osmo- and hydropriming at 15oC temperature are more significant in comparison with the control group (none prime seeds).
Frequency, Damage and Comparative Phonology of Annual Ground Cherry (Physalis divaricata L.) Weed in Sugar Beet Fields
Authors: NAZARI ALAM Nazari , ALIZADE Hassan Mohamad , MASHHADI Hmid RAHIMIAN
Published: April 2018

Ground cherry (Physalis divaricata L.) is one of the most important summer weeds in sugar beet crop in the west of Iran. In order to estimate the damage rate of this weed, field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of ground cherry density on sugar beet yield and to determine relationships among different weed densities (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 plants m-2) and sugar beet yield in 2008. The experiment design was randomized complete blocks with three replications. In addition, the neighborhood effect of ground cherry was assessed in a completely randomized design. Neighborhood effect was surveyed from zero to 125 cm apart from each beet plant to ground cherry. Density of ground cherry was estimated as the systematic method in 30 sugar beet fields that were chosen randomly.Phonology of ground cherry was recorded based on the GDD (Growth Degree Day) and date. Results showed that two weed plants m2 of this weed resulted in 34% damage to sugar beet. Ground cherry significantly reduced yield of sugar beet when sown 50 cm apart from crop plant. Crop damage of sugar beet was 41% when ground cherry seeds were sown at zero cm apart from each sugar beet plant. Flowering of ground cherry occurred in the middle of June when it received 61.45-75 GDD and it was distinguished that ground cherry is a neutralized weed to the long day.
ROS Accumulation and TTC Reduction in Growing Embryo of Crithmum maritimum L. Isolated from Water or Salt Imbibed Seeds
Authors: ATIA Abdallah , ABDELLY Chedly , SMAOUI Abderrazak
Published: April 2018

The salinity induced inhibition of seeds germination remains not clear at physiological levels. The aims of this study is to investigate the effect of salt on germination, embryo growth, superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and the respiratory activity (TTC reduction) in Crithmum maritimum L. seeds. Thus the embryo growth, in situ localization of respiratory activity and superoxide anion radical (O2·-) localization, were investigated. Chlorure 2, 3, 5-triphényltétrazolium (TTC) reduction test and superoxide anion radical (O2·-) localization with Nitroblue Tetrazolium Chloride (NBT) were performed in embryo isolated from seeds of the halophyte Crithmum maritimum L either sown in distilled water or in 200 mM NaCl. The key results show that germination was maximal (90 %) in distilled water, but was fully inhibited following seed exposure to NaCl. The completion of the embryo growth (ca. 2 mm length) leading to the radicle emergence took 6 d in H2O, but was markedly delayed by salt. NaCl reduced the elongation zone in the embryo axis, hence indicating that the cell division and/or cell elongation were disturbed by salinity. The respiratory activity (TTC reduction) and O2·- production in the cotyledon were significantly lowered by salinity.
Potential of Launea taraxacifolia (Willd) Amin Ex. C. Jeffrey for in Vitro Regeneration
Authors: SAKPERE Ayobola M.A. , AYISIRE Ejeoghene R. , ABIOYE Olufemi I.
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the potential of Launea taraxacifolia for in vitro regeneration. Stem and leaf explants were inoculated on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Leaf explants responded to all concentrations of 2,4-D used while stem explants responded to only two of the 2, 4-D concentrations suggesting that leaf explants might be a better source of explants. Leaf explants generated shoots on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.1 mg/l 2, 4-D. This study is the first report on in vitro regeneration of Launea taraxacifolia.
Effect of Bio-Control Agents on Yield, Yield Components and Root Rot Control in two Wheat Cultivars at New Valley Region
Authors: MOUBARK Mohamed Yosseif , ABDEL-MONAIM Montaser Fawzy
Published: April 2018

This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying the bioagents Bacillus subtilis (isolate BSM1), B. megaterium (isolate BMM5), Trichoderma viride (isolate TVM2) and T. harzianum (isolate THM4) for the control of rot root disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani on two wheat cultivars ('Sakha 93' and 'Bani Suif 5') under greenhouse conditions. Moreover, their effect wheat growth and yield were also studied under field conditions. In vitro, all tested bioagents were significantly in the reduced redial growth of the pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma viride was active more than the other tested bioagents followed by T. harzianum, while B. subtilis was the least ones. Under greenhouse conditions, all tested bioagents were able to reduce significantly damping-off and root rot caused by the tested pathogens compared with control and increased fresh and dry weight of the survival plants when applied as soil or grain treatments however, there was variation among bioagent isolates effect on reduction of disease severity both application methods. Trichoderma viride and B. megaterium were recorded the highest effective in this respect compared with other tested bioagents. Under field conditions, analysis of variance and mean performance were estimated for four characters: grain yield 4.8 m-2, No. of spikes m-2, No. of kernels spike-1 and 1,000-kernel weight. Significant mean squares were obtained for all studied characters between the seasons (S), methods (M), (S) (M), treatments (T), (S) (T), (M) (T) and (S) (M) (T) for 'Sakha 93' cultivar and 'Bani Suif 5' cultivar except application methods and (S) (M) for number of kernels spike-1 and 1,000-kernel weight, respectively. While the treatments T. harzianum and B. megaterium were the best treatments to increase grain yield, the treatments B. subtilis and T. harzianum were best treatments to increase number of spikes and the treatments B. subtilis and B. megaterium were best treatments to increase number of kernels for soil and grain application methods, respectively.
Alterations in Some Haematological Parameters of The African Snakehead: Parachanna africans Exposed to Cadmium
Authors: KORI-SAKPERE Ovie , IKOMI Urowoli
Published: April 2018

The haematological alterations produced on exposure of the African snakehead, Parachanna africans to the sublethal concentration (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/L) of cadmium (Cd2+) for 21 days have been studied. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit (Hct), the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels were decreased with an increase in exposure concentration, but the level of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was increased. These alterations could be attributed to haemolysis and impairment of haemoglobin synthesis, resulting in a hypochromic microcytic anaemia, induced by exposure to cadmium. Cadmium exposure also caused significant decreases in white blood cell (WBC) count. The primary consequence of the observed changes in total and differential leucocyte counts in stressed fish was attributed to suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to disease. Plasma glucose and total plasma protein concentrations were significantly decreased; showing that cadmium affects the fish energy metabolism. The present study thus confirmed that haematological parameters are very sensitive indicators of fish organism response to chemicals in this case cadmium.
Effect of Seed Priming on Germination Properties and Seedling Establishment of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis)
Authors: ESKANDARI Hamdollah , KAZEMI Kamyar
Published: April 2018

Early emergence and stand establishment of cowpea are considered to be the most important yield-contributing factors in rainfed areas. Laboratory tests and afield experiment were conducted in RCB design in 2011 at a research farm in Ramhormoz, Iran, to evaluate the effects of hydropriming (8, 12 and 16 hours duration) and halo priming (solutions of 1.5% KNO3 and 0.8% NaCl) on seedling vigor and field establishment of cowpea. Analysis of variance of laboratory data showed that hydropriming significantly improved germination rate, seed vigor index, and seedling dry weights. However, germination percentage for seeds primed with KNO3 and non-primed seeds were statistically similar, but higher than those for NaCl priming. Overall, hydropriming treatment was comparatively superior in the laboratory tests. Invigoration of cowpea seeds by hydropriming and NaCl priming resulted in higher seedling emergence and establishment in the field, compared to control and seed priming with KNO3. Seedling emergence rate was also enhanced by priming seeds with water, suggesting that hydropriming is a simple, low cost and environmentally friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigor of cowpea.
Structural Analysis of Reproductive Development in Staminate Flowers of Laurus nobilis L.
Authors: AYTÜRK Özlem , ÜNAL Meral
Published: April 2018

Male (staminat) flower development, being separated in 8 phases, was investigated in Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) through the usage of histological sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Flower development starts when apical meristem differentiates, followed by the conversion of this structure to floral meristem. Initial development phases comprise incidents similar to the ones of the female flower. 4 tepals and 8-10 stamens primordia develop through floral meristem in turn. In early stages of the development, sexual dimorphism occurs when the carpel primordium arrests. Filaments carry 2 nectaries in stamens which arise in 3 whorls. Anther wall consists of epidermis, endothecium, 2 or 3 middle layers and a single-layered glandular tapetum. Anthers are bisporangiate. Meiotic division is regular in pollen mother cells, and pollen grains do not contain aperture. Beside the pollen scattered individually within the pollen sacs, groups which contain some pollen tied to each other are rarely observed, as well. Pollen grains seldom germinate within microsporangium. Anthers are opened with 2 valves which widen from the base through the top. Accumulation of polysaccharides, lipids and proteins were identified by histochemical methods in stamens. These organic substances are greater within and around the vascular bundle compared to other tissues.
Safety Profile of Meswak Root Extract on Liver, Kidney, Sexual Hormones and Hematological Parameters of Rats
Authors: IBRAHIM Abeer Y. , El-GENGAIHI Souad E.
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the safety profile of Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) aqueous alcoholic root extract by carrying out acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment in order to find out any side effect of the traditionally using of these root sticks. Regarding to acute toxicity test, mice were administered the extract up to 5 g kg-1, intraperitoneally. Animals were then observed for behavioural changes; signs of toxicity, and mortality within 24 h. Surviving mice were monitored for 7 days for signs of delayed toxicity. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, rats were daily treated with the extract at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally, for 30 days. At the end of the test period, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood and serum samples with determination of vital organs weights. In the acute toxicity test, the extract was practically non-toxic showing no mortality and visible signs of delayed toxicity. The LD50, given intraperitoneally, was estimated to be 4 g kg-1. Administration of extract (at a dose of 400 mg Kg-1 b.wt.) to male and female rats for 30 days did not produce any significant (P < 0.05) effect on hematological and most biochemical parameters also vital organs weights. The root extract showed adverse effects on sexual hormones, by increasing estrogen secretion and reducing testosterone level in male rats. At the same time, the extract reduces progesterone level in female satellite group. Overall, Meswak aqueous extract is safe concerning liver and kidney functions and hematological assessments; however, it induces reversal effect on sexual hormones levels determined in sera.
Impact of Intensity and Exposure Duration of Magnetic Field on Seed Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Authors: FEIZI Hassan , SAHABI Hossein , REZVANI MOGHADDAM Parviz , SHAHTAHMASSEBI Nasser , GALLEHGIR Omran , AMIRMORADI Shahram
Published: April 2018

In order to study the effect of seed hydro priming and magnetic field on tomato seed germination an experiment was conducted in laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2010. The experimental treatments were all combinations of two levels of hydro priming (use of dry seed and soaked seed for five h in distilled water) and eight levels of magnetic field treatments (pretreatment of seeds in 15 mT for 5, 15 and 25 minutes, pretreatment of seeds in 25 mT for 5, 15 and 25 minutes, continuous magnetic field with 3 mT and control) with four replications. Results indicated that hydro priming of seeds reduced mean germination time significantly. Root length increased by 14 percent in seed hydro priming treatment in comparison with dry seed treatment. Shoot length, seedling length and vigor index of hydro primed seeds increased by 7, 12 and 13 percent, respectively compared with dry seeds. Exposure of seeds with 3 mT continuous magnetic field and 25 mT for 5 min increased root length by 29 and 25 percents, respectively in comparison with control. The highest shoot length, seedling length and vigor index were obtained in 3 mT continuous magnetic field and 25 mT for 5 min.
Analysis of Genetic Parameters on Mutant Populations of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) after Ethyl Methane Sulphonate Treatment
Authors: ROYCHOWDHURY Rajib , DATTA Sudipta , GUPTA Parineeta , TAH Jagatpati
Published: April 2018

In the present study, pure line seeds of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) were treated with four doses (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% as w/v) of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) to analyse the genetic variability and heritability for some prime agro-metrical traits in second mutant (M2) generation. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the studied characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than its genotypic counterpart (GCV) for all the studied traits. The highest GCV (0.537) for number of seeds per pods and highest PCV (0.635) for plant height were recorded in 0.4% EMS treatment. The lowest GCV (0.179) and PCV (0.214) were recorded in the control set for number of pods per plant. The highest broad sense heritability estimate (92.33%) was recorded on 0.4% EMS for plant height. The expected genetic advance was high (42.39%) in 0.4% dose for days to flowering. The lowest heritability (38.43) and genetic advance (5.37) were noticed in control for the total seed yield per plant. EMS at 0.4% and 0.6% concentration gave the maximum values of all the genetic parameters. The increased genetic variability in treated population for these traits has a high scope for selection and can be exploited for the further improvement of mungbean.
Improving Chilling Tolerance of Maize Seedlings under Cold Conditions by Spermine Application
Authors: SAEIDNEJAD Amir Hossein , POURAMIR Farzin , NAGHIZADEH Mahdi
Published: April 2018

Low temperature is an important abiotic stress which reduces crops growth and productivity and causes physiological damages to cellular structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the probability of spermine application to improve chilling tolerance of maize under stress conditions. The treatments were included seed priming with spermine (30, 60 and 90 mg/l solutions) and normal and stress condition. Seed emergence was improved by spermine priming on both conditions and mean emergence time (MET) was also decreased with priming. Shoot and root length was highly reduced under stress conditions, but the treated seeds were improved along with increased spermine concentration. Seedling dry weight was also affected by priming and reduced weight of stressful seedlings was alleviated by spermine priming. Decreased relative water content on seedlings under stress was elevated by the treatments and significantly increased. Electrolyte leakage was also recovered by applied treatments while it was adversely decreased on cold conditions. Antioxidative system was highly responded to spermine application. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased on both normal and stress conditions, but a little decrease was observed on seedlings treated with 90 ppm level and under chilling conditions. Catalase activity was also amplified by spermine treatments. Priming had a great effect on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity on both stressful and normal seedlings and increased it compare with non treated seedlings. It is also important to note that with increasing spermine concentration to 90 ppm, no considerable differences were observed. Thus, 60 ppm concentration could be proposed as the appropriate level of spermine in order to improve chilling tolerance of maize seedlings.
Genetic Parameters and Selection Indices in F3 Progenies of Hill Rice Genotypes
Authors: SANGHERA Gulzar S. , KASHYAP Subhash C.
Published: April 2018

The F3 population of eighteen different cross combinations using five local and seven exotic genotypes was used to study the genetic parameters, heritability, correlation and path coefficients for fourteen quantitative characters under temperate conditions. The selected progenies showed highly significant difference for most of the agro-morphological characters. Comparatively high phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for all the character than genotypic coefficient variation. High heritability (%) was recorded for days to 50% flowering (96%) followed by days to maturity (95%) and grain yield per plant (84%). High genetic advance were observed for grain yield (47%) followed by biological yield/plant (27%) and harvest index (25%). Days to 50% flowering was positively and significantly correlated with days to maturity, grain length with LB ratio flag leaf length with grain breadth and panicle length with grain breadth at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index and biological yield has highest direct effect on yield followed by days to maturity and number of grain per panicle. Biological yield per plant has highest indirect effect on yield via days to flowering followed by grain weight via biological yield per plant, grain breadth via days to 50 % flowering and flag leaf length via biological yield per plant. Therefore, information on the genetic parameters such as coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and the influence of environment on the expression of these characters will help the breeder to evolve suitable cultivars within a short time for hill ecologies.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Cow Dung Used to Fertilize Nigerian Fish Ponds
Authors: OMOJOWO Funso S. , OMOJASOLA Folakemi P.
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out to isolate and identify antibiotic resistant bacteria from cow dung used for pond fertilization. Cow dung from over 200 cows in NIFFR integrated farms, New-Bussa, Nigeria were collected. Six bacterial pathogens; Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella dysentariae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was conducted using ofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol. All the isolated organisms were 100% sensitive to ofloxacin. The multiple resistance patterns revealed that 100% were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin (85.6%), amoxicillin (83.3%), chloramphenicol (66%), gentamicin (47.6%), erythromycin (44.4%) and nalidixic acid (18.3%). The Public Health risks posed by the cow dung manure include proliferation of ponds with these organisms that are pathogenic to fish and man, contamination of the environment and the possible retention of these organisms in the table size fish.
Morpho-physiological Traits and Mineral Composition on Local Maize Population Growing in Agro Ecological Conditions in Kosova
Authors: ALIU Sali , RUSINOVCI Imer , FETAHU Shukri , BISILIMI Kemajl
Published: April 2018

Twelve local maize populations were evaluated at the experimental farm, University of Prishtina, Kosovo. The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variation in local maize populations for different morphological-physiological and chemical composition under field and laboratory conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used for laying out the experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences for most morphological and physiological traits under study. The mean grain yield of all populations was 102.96 g plant-1. The protein and oil contents ranged between 11.53 to 9.43% and 4.23 to 4.87% respectively. The cellulose content varied from 6.03 to 6.37%. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. The present study revealed considerable amount of diversity among the local maize populations which could be manipulated for further improvement in maize breeding.
The Effect of Seed Priming and Accelerated Aging on Germination and Physiochemical Changes in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
Authors: PARMOON Ghasem , EBADI Ali , JAHANBAKHSH Sodabeh , DAVARI Mahdi
Published: April 2018

Effects of seed priming and aging on some physiological characteristics of Milk thistle was studied in a factoral experiment based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Tratments were included hydro priming (using distilled water), halo priming (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6% KNO3) and accelerated aging (0, 2, 4 and 6 days under 45°C and 95% humidity) in three replications. Determined parameters were germination charactristics including germination percentage, daily germination speed, mean time of germination, seed vigor index, hypocutile length and hypocutile dry weight. Activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were determined at 12 hours after imbibition and seedling stage. According to results of this experiment, germination percentage, seed vigor and seedling growth of seeds were increased under all priming treatments. Improving the catalase and peroxidase activity led to decrease the aging damages. Germination characteristics were improved under both priming treatments at the beginning of germination as well as seedling growth. Polyphenol oxidase activity was increased in the pre-treated seeds but decreased in seedling growth stage. Aging treatments led to reduce the germination percentage, daily germination speed, seed vigor and seedling growth while the germination time was increased. Accelerated aging caused to reduce the germination rate and seedling growth of milk thistle that is probably due to increasing the lipid peroxidation, free radical increment and decreasing the antioxidants activity. The greatest and lowest antioxidants activity, the germination percentage, germination speed and seed vigor were respectively observed under priming using 3% KNO3 concentration and control seeds.
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices for Screening Some of Corn (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Environmental Conditions
Authors: NAGHAVI Mohhamad Reza , POUR ABOUGHADAREH Alireza , KHALILI Marouf
Published: April 2018

In order to study the effect of drought stress on eight cultivars corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental on the basis of randomized complete block design under two irrigated conditions during 2010-2011 cropping season. Twelve drought tolerance/resistance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Screening drought tolerant cultivars using ranking method, three dimensional plots discriminated cultivars ‘KSC720’, KSC 710GT and ‘KSC 700’ as the most drought tolerant. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., tolerant, susceptible and semi-susceptible to drought conditions. In general, Results of this study showed that among drought tolerance indices STI, YI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars and ‘KSC720’, KSC 710 GT and ‘KSC 700’ had the highest tolerance to drought in our studies condition.
Influence of Additives on Enhanced In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.
Authors: JAYAKUMAR Swarna , RAMALINGAM Ravindhran
Published: April 2018

Orthosiphon aristatus is a valuable medicinal plant and different parts of the plant are pharmaceutically used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to develop an efficient protocol for micropropagation of O. aristatus from nodal explants and to study the influence of additives on the enhancement of the number of shoots per explant. Among the different types of additives used, 10% coconut water and 30 mg/L glutamine added to Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/L kinetin (KIN) was found to be most effective. Maximum number of shoots (44.07 ± 0.38) with 100% shooting response and shoot length of 7.47 ± 0.10 cm was recorded. In vitro rooting of the microshoots was achieved on half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), producing an average of 30.27 ± 0.36 roots and 6.02 ± 0.20 cm root length. The rooted shoots were acclimatized with 100% survival rate on coco pith: soil (3:1) planting substrate and was successfully transferred to field conditions. The hardened plants exhibited homogeneity and no morphological variations were observed among the regenerants and the mother plants. Thus, the procedure described is a quick and reliable method which could be applied for efficient large-scale propagation, genetic transformation assays and secondary metabolite production.
Physico-chemical Profile and Microbial Diversity During Bioconversion of Sugarcane Press Mud Using Bacterial Suspension
Authors: SARKER Tushar Chandra , MANNAN Mohammad Abdul , MONDOL Palash Chandra , KABIR Ahmad Humayan , PARVEZ Sarwar M. , ALAM Mohammad Firoz
Published: April 2018

This study was aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and microbial diversity for rapid composting of sugarcane press mud (PM) leading to organic manure. Five bacterial strains (Cellulomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp.) were tested under in vivo conditions for bioconversion of PM using pile method. Results revealed that combined inoculation of bacterial consortia was found to be the best decomposer of PM resulting reduction of organic carbon content (26.75%), C:N ratio (12.44%). In parallel, it increased the nitrogen (2.34%), phosphorous (1.15%) and potassium (1.37%) content along with the population of microorganisms i.e. bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. However, the population of tested bacteria was gradually depleted after completion of PM decomposition together with pathogenic bacteria and fungi due to full conversion of carbon component into other minerals, i.e. N, P, K etc. Taken together, these findings certainly pinpoints the effective role of bacterial suspension for composting sugarcane press mud which the eventually be used as organic manure.
A Review of the Metabolic Origins of Milk Fatty Acids
Authors: COZMA Anamaria , MIERE Doina , FILIP Lorena , ANDREI Sanda , BANC Roxana , LOGHIN Felicia
Published: April 2018

Milk fat and its fatty acid profile are important determinants of the technological, sensorial, and nutritional properties of milk and dairy products. The two major processes contributing to the presence of fatty acids in ruminant milk are the mammary lipogenesis and the lipid metabolism in the rumen. Among fatty acids, 4:0 to 12:0, almost all 14:0 and about a half of 16:0 in milk fat derive from de novo synthesis within the mammary gland. De novo synthesis utilizes as precursors acetate and butyrate produced through carbohydrates ruminal fermentation and involves acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase as key enzymes. The rest of 16:0 and all of the long-chain fatty acids derive from mammary uptake of circulating lipoproteins and nonesterified fatty acids that originate from digestive absorption of lipids and body fat mobilization. Further, long-chain fatty acids as well as medium-chain fatty acids entering the mammary gland can be desaturated via Δ-9 desaturase, an enzyme that acts by adding a cis-9-double bond on the fatty acid chain. Moreover, ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of numerous fatty acids available for incorporation into milk fat. Ruminal biohydrogenation is performed by rumen microbial population as a means of protection against the toxic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Within the rumen microorganisms, bacteria are principally responsible for ruminal biohydrogenation when compared to protozoa and anaerobic fungi.
Plant Spacing and Cultivar Affects Yield Components, Qualitative Traits and Early Ripening of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Authors: MAMNOIE Ebrahim , DOLATKHAHI Ali
Published: April 2018

Two-year field trial was set up on sandy clay soil in the Jiroft and Kahnouj Agricultural Research Center with the objective to determine the effect of plant spacing and different cultivars on the yield and qualitative characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). This experiment was performed as split plot based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plots were in – row

spacing in 4 levels include 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 m and the subplots were cultivars naming ‘Shef ’, ‘Peto Early CH’ and ‘FDT 202’. The results showed that, fruit length to diameter ratio, total acidity, fruit number per plant, mean fruit weight, yield per plant, total yield and first harvest to total harvests ratio were significantly affected by plant spacing. In addition, cultivars showed significant effect on all traits evaluated (p
Lateral stress profiles on integral bridge abutments
Authors: Banks James R. , Bloodworth Alan G.
Published: April 2018

Integral bridges have become established as a viable structural form in many countries for reducing maintenance liability and increasing the robustness of structures. The advent of new design guidance associated with the Eurocodes provides an opportunity to review the design of these structures. Research indicates that peak stresses due to bridge expansion continually increase with cycles and in theory may reach a fully passive state. However, this may not happen in practice during a bridge's life. A numerical model has been developed and calibrated against test data, enabling predictions of the development of lateral stresses acting on a full-height frame integral abutment during its life, both in terms of magnitude and distribution down the wall. Design guidance is shown to be appropriate for bridges up to 60 m long, but to be unconservative for longer bridges. The effect of applying daily cycles of movement rather than just annual cycles has also been investigated.
Bond behaviour between steel bar and concrete under sustained load and dry–wet cycles
Authors: Shang Huaishuai , Ren Guosheng , Hou Dongshuai , Zhang Peng , Zhao Tiejun
Published: April 2018

Reinforced-concrete (RC) structures are inevitably subjected to sustained loads during their service life. In the natural environment, the exposed surfaces of RC members often experience dry–wet cycles due to rainfall and tides. An important parameter in structural design is the the bond behaviour between steel bars and concrete, and this is affected by the coupled effect of sustained loads and dry–wet cycles. In this study, 32 RC beam specimens were subjected to different levels of sustained load (25%, 50% and 75% of ultimate load) and dry–wet cycles for a period of 120 d. The immediate slip and time-dependent slip (TDS) between the steel bar and concrete during testing were recorded and analysed. It was found that the TDS increased with an increase in the duration of sustained loading and greater sustained load levels resulted in larger TDSs. After long-term testing, the bond strength and bond stress–strain were investigated using a flexural-bond test. The results showed that bond strength increased due to the coupled effects of sustained load and dry–wet cycles. Based on the test results, an empirical model for steel bar–concrete TDS considering the effect of sustained load and dry–wet cycles was developed.
The Importance of Ki-67, p16, C-erb-B2, and Cyclin D1 Expressions in LSIL, HSIL, and Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biopsies
Authors: TOK Birgül , ERSÖZ Şafak , FINDIK GÜVENDİ Gülname
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix is the most common malignant
tumor of gynecological cancers. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are
known as a preinvasive lesion. Due to problems in the grading of these lesions
that are effective in the development of cervical cancer, immunohistochemical
markers are reported to be useful in the differentiation of lesions. In this
study, the expression and intensity of the staining pattern of Ki-67, p16, cyclin
D1, and c-erb- B2 in HSIL and LSIL cases were investigated.Material
and Method: 40 patients with SCC, 40 patients with low grade SIL (LSIL),
and 40 patients with high grade SIL (HSIL) who were diagnosed in Department of
Pathology of XXX University Medical Faculty between 2003-2011 years were
included in this study. C-erb-B2, Ki-67, p16, and
cyclin D1 expressions was investigated in the preparations of the
patients.Results: C-erb-B2
in 4 cases with SCC (10%), in 6 cases with HSIL (15%), and in 2 cases with LSIL
(5%) showed positive staining. There was no statistically significant
difference between the three groups (p>0.05). However, in cases with SCC, a
strong correlation between c-erb-B2 and the disease stage was observed (p<0.05,
r = 0.891). Ki-67 expression was present in average 20% of LSIL cases, average
35% of cases of HSIL, and average 40% of SCC cases. The difference between
groups was statistically significant (p<0.05) and due to LSIL. Nuclear
staining of cyclin D1 was mainly observed in cases with LSIL, however,
cytoplasmic staining was mainly observed in cases with HSIL and SCC. No
statistically significant difference between groups was observed with cyclin D1
(p>0.05). p16 expression was found in 39 (97.5%) cases with HSIL, 12 cases
(30%) with LSIL. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In
conclusion, c-erb-B2 and cyclin D1 expression is not useful in the differentiation of these
lesions. However, the Ki-67 may be used to separate LSIL from HSIL
and SCC. Also, p16 expression was concluded
to be useful in the differentiation of HSIL and LSIL.
Üstün Zekâlı Çocuklar ve Dikkat Eksikliği/Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu İlişkisi
Authors: KAPLAN SAYI Ayşin
Published: April 2018

Üstün zekâlı
çocuklar duyarlı bir sinir sistemine sahip olmaları nedeniyle normal
çocuklardan farklı birtakım özelliklere sahiptirler. Bu farklılık kendini
genellikle hareketli olma, çok fazla soru sorma, tartışma eğilimi, otoriteyi
sorgulama ve bağımsız davranma şeklinde göstermektedir. Bu durum özellikle
okullar gibi yapılandırılmış ve tekrarlara sık yer verilen ortamlarda şiddetini
daha da arttırmaktadır. Sonuçta bu farklılıklar üstün zekâlı çocukların Dikkat
Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğuna (DEHB) sahip şeklinde etiketlenmelerine
ve yanlış tanı almalarına neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte üstün zekâlı olup,
aynı zamanda DEHB’e sahip olan iki kere farklı çocukların olması da söz
konusudur. Ülkemiz alan yazınında hem üstünlerle ilgili hem de üstün olup
DEHB’e sahip çocuklarla ilgili yeterli verinin bulunmaması; bu çocukların doğru
tanılanması ve yönlendirilmesi konusunda sıkıntıya neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada amaç üstün zekâ ve DEHB
kavramlarını karmaşıklık yaratan noktalarıyla ele alarak; üstün zekâlı ve aynı
zamanda DEHB’e sahip olma durumunu netleştirmek ve tanılamaların özellikle de
yönlendirme ve tedavilerin doğru yapılmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu sebeple
DEHB, Üstün Zekâ, DEHB davranışları, Üstün davranışları ve Üstün DEHB’li
davranışları mevcut literatür ışığında açıklığa kavuşturulurken; bu üç grubun
akademik ve sosyal-duygusal özellikleri tartışılmış; Üstün ve DEHB’i olan iki
kere farklı çocukların özellikleri ve tanı-tedavilerine yönelik çözüm önerileri
üzerinde durulmuştur
Türkiye ve Amerika’da Engelli Öğrenciler için Yapılan Geniş Ölçekli Sınavların Yasal Sorumluluklar, Uygulama Yöntemleri ve Geçerlik Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇOBANOĞLU AKTAN Derya , AKSU Gökhan , ESER Mehmet Taha
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye
ve Amerika’da (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) engelli oldukları belirlenen
öğrenciler için yapılan geniş ölçekli sınavların yasal sorumluluklar, uygulama
yöntemleri ve geçerlik açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç
kapsamında Türkiye’de ÖSYM tarafından yapılan sınavlar ile Amerika’da ETS
tarafından gerçekleştirilen büyük ölçekli sınavlarda uygulanan yöntemlerin
belirlenerek iki ülke arasındaki benzer ve farklı yönler ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Araştırma, Türkiye ve Amerika’da engelli oldukları belirlenen öğrenciler için
gerçekleştirilen geniş ölçekli sınavların dayandıkları yasal sorumluluklar ve
uygulama yöntemleri açısından karşılaştırılmaya çalışıldığı için betimsel
çalışma örneğidir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yurtdışında ve yurt içinde yayınlanan
hakemli dergiler ile basılı kitaplar, ikinci bölümde ise engelli öğrenciler
için şekil-grafik sorularının cevaplanmamasının kapsam geçerliğini nasıl
etkilediğini belirlemek ve bu konuda neler yapılabileceğini ortaya çıkarmak
amacıyla ölçme değerlendirme uzmanları ile engelliler konusunda çalışmaları
bulunan akademisyen ve uzmanlaşmış personelden görüş alınması amacıyla hazırlanmış
sorular kullanılarak görüşme yoluna gidilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Amerika’da
uygulanan testin sunum şekli, zamanlamada yapılan değişiklikler, cevapların
veriliş formatı ve sınava ilişkin genel düzenlemeler olmak üzere genel olarak
dört başlık altında toplanan uyumsama çalışmalarının Türkiye’de tam olarak bir
karşılığı olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’de ekstra süre verme ve sınavı özel
bir ortamda gerçekleştirme dışında diğer uygulamaların hiçbirinin
gerçekleşmediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Amerika’da 1970’li
yıllarda ele alınan engellilere yönelik düzenlemelerin Türkiye’de de de biran
önce yetkililer tarafından ele alınarak yasal düzenlemelerin yerine getirilmesi
gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Noktalama İşaretlerinin Öğretimine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: KURUDAYIOĞLU Mehmet , DÖLEK Onur
Published: April 2018

Araştırmada
noktalama işaretlerinin öğretim süreci ile ilgili Türkçe öğretmenlerinin
görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Bu görüşlerin noktalama öğretimine yönelik
geliştirilebilecek yöntem, teknik, stratejiler ve alınacak önlemler konusunda
önemli olabileceği ve dolaylı yoldan temel dil becerilerinin geliştirilmesine
katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı noktalama
işaretlerinin öğretilmesi sürecine ilişkin Türkçe öğretmenlerinin ne tür görüş
ve yaklaşımlara sahip olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu otuz
sekiz Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada altı açık uçlu sorudan
oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan
elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel çözümleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada Türkçe öğretmenlerinin noktalama işaretlerinin temel dil
becerilerindeki önem ve işlevinin büyük oranda farkında oldukları, noktalama
işaretlerinin öğretiminde düz anlatım ve soru-cevap yöntemlerini daha çok
yeğledikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen diğer sonuçlar
ise Türkçe öğretmenlerinin noktalama işaretlerine yönelik Türkçe çalışma
kitaplarında yer alan etkinlikleri yeterli sayıda ve nitelikte bulmadıkları ve
noktalama işaretlerinin kullanım düzeyini belirlemeye yönelik büyük oranda
yazılı metin çözümlemesi, boşluk doldurma, çoktan seçmeli test gibi ölçme ve
değerlendirme çalışmaları yaptıklarıdır.