bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Radiology: Evolution, Current Status, and Future Directions
Authors: Li David , Basilico Raffaella , Blanco Ana , Calli Cem , Dick Elizabeth , Kirkpatrick Iain D. C. , Nicolaou Savvas , Patlas Michael N.
Published: April 2022

Emergency Radiology is a clinical practice and an academic discipline that has rapidly gained increasing global recognition among radiology and emergency/critical care departments and trauma services around the world. As with other subspecialties, Emergency Radiology practice has a unique scope and purpose and presents with its own unique challenges. There are several advantages of having a dedicated Emergency Radiology section, perhaps most important of which is the broad clinical skillset that Emergency Radiologists are known for. This multi-society paper, representing the views of Emergency Radiology societies in Canada and Europe, outlines several value-oriented contributions of Emergency Radiologists and briefly discusses the current state of Emergency Radiology as a subspecialty.
Efficacy of Risk Prediction Models and Thresholds to Select Patients for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Smith Richard J. , Vijayaharan Thurairajah , Linehan Victoria , Sun Zhuolu , Ein Yong Jean Hai , Harris Scott , Mariathas Hensley H. , Bhatia Rick
Published: April 2022

PurposeScreening for lung cancer is recommended to reduce lung cancer mortality, but there is no consensus on patient selection for screening in Canada. Risk prediction models are more efficacious than the screening recommendations of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC), but it remains to be determined which model and threshold are optimal. MethodsWe retrospectively applied the PLCOm2012, PLCOall2014 and LLPv2 risk prediction models to 120 lung cancer patients from a Canadian province, at risk thresholds of ≥ 1.51% and ≥ 2.00%, to determine screening eligibility at time of diagnosis. OncoSim modelling was used to compare these risk thresholds. ResultsSensitivities of the risk prediction models at a threshold of ≥ 1.51% were similar with 93 (77.5%), 96 (80.0%), and 97 (80.8%) patients selected for screening, respectively. The PLCOm2012 and PLCOall2014 models selected significantly more patients for screening at a ≥ 1.51% threshold. The OncoSim simulation model estimated that the ≥ 1.51% threshold would detect 4 more cancers per 100 000 people than the ≥ 2.00% threshold. All risk prediction models, at both thresholds, achieved greater sensitivity than CTFPHC recommendations, which selected 56 (46.7%) patients for screening. ConclusionCommonly considered lung cancer screening risk thresholds (≥1.51% and ≥2.00%) are more sensitive than the CTFPHC 30-pack–years criterion to detect lung cancer. A lower risk threshold would achieve a larger population impact of lung cancer screening but would require more resources. Patients with limited or no smoking history, young patients, and patients with no history of COPD may be missed regardless of the model chosen.
“One body and two wings” novel nanozyme combined with photothermal therapy for Combat Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Huang Dongwei , Hu Xianyue , Wang Chenxia , Zhu Dan , Tang Min
Published: April 2022

Bacterial resistance caused by antibiotic therapy is a serious problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to overcome bacterial resistance. Herein, we synthesized a new type of iridium oxide (IrOx) as an alternative to antibiotics. Iridium oxide not only has good catalytic properties, but also has photothermal properties, and then realizes the “one body and two wings” strategy to enhance the antibacterial effect. Research results show that near-infrared light can enhance the peroxidase catalytic activity of IrOx and generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydroxyl radicals have a high redox potential, which can overcome the drug resistance of gram-positive and negative bacteria. Importantly, IrOx has no obvious cellular and in vivo toxicity. Accordingly, the novel photothermal nanozyme is expected to be applied to bacterial infectious diseases, such as wound healing, sepsis, and implant-related infections.
Tangled sideways research: Reimagining temporality in research with children
Authors: Gavin Kara M
Published: April 2022

This article wonders how reconsidering conceptions of time in research with children could expand and complicate notions of childhoods. Drawing on Karen Barad’s (2016, 2018) writing on temporal entanglements alongside Katherine Stockton’s (2009) discussion of growing sideways, research is reviewed and data from a participatory study reexamined. These divergent notions of temporality blur boundaries between childhood and adulthood and privilege perspectives often marginalized. The conclusion discusses implications of temporal orientations when researching with children including conceptions of pandemic time.
An assessment of ecosystem degradation and poverty: a case study of Obafemi-Owode local government area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Amidu Owolabi , Aborisade Adeshina Gbenga
Published: April 2022

Ecosystem services have continued to dwindle due to human activities, with likely implications for the dependent populations. This paper assesses the relationship between poverty and ecosystem degradation within the peri-urban domain of Obafemi-Owode local government area (LGA) using a range of research methods including satellite imagery analysis to track land-use change, economic valuation of ecosystem services, and surveys to construct a multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The analysis shows that vegetation and wetlands have been replaced with built-up area and savannahs. This has resulted in a net loss in the value of ecosystem services worth US$ 11.3 million, most of which is attributable to the decline in waste-management services provided by peri-urban wetlands. The major activities cited as causing environmental degradation were lumbering and land clearing, which were perceived to be deepening poverty through water contamination, food shortages, loss of farmlands, unemployment, increased erosion, epidemics and dropping out of school.
Interrogating park access and equity in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Khanyile Samkelisiwe , Fatti Christina Culwick
Published: April 2022

Equitable access to green spaces is essential in cities, especially those with complex socio-economic challenges. This study considers how socio-economic characteristics influence traditional park access measures, using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyse park access equity in Johannesburg. The use of a spatially sensitive statistical approach enables a more nuanced analysis of equity than previous studies have permitted in Johannesburg, thus empowering better park access planning. The method considers the number of parks and distance to the nearest park as important access measures. The study shows a complex relationship between different interpretations of park access relative to various socio-economic considerations, such as population density, unemployment rates and education levels, and that inequity in access to park space according to these measures varies across the city. The findings offer an opportunity for an improved understanding of local environmental justice and could potentially inform more equitable park planning and management policies in cities.
“Living systems infrastructure” of Kolkata: exploring co-production of urban nature using historical urban political ecology (HUPE)
Authors: Mukherjee Jenia
Published: April 2022

Capital investment-laden green blue infrastructures (GBI) are being globally celebrated as harbingers of urban resilience to address environmental risks. These technocratic designs exclude historical and micro-political processes shaping urban environments. It is within this context that exposure to social sciences frameworks remains significant. Here, I formulate and deploy historical urban political ecology (HUPE) to explore the mutual relationship between Kolkata and her wetlands, finally demonstrating that cities need to be perceived as complex and adaptive “living systems infrastructure” evolved over time, across an intersecting array of technological apparatuses and social arrangements through constant interactions between human and non-human actors. Beyond linear choreographies of power equations, HUPE conveys the “plural” by exemplifying collaborations, compulsions and contingencies that mediate urban ecologies. I argue that HUPE is an enabling framework, eliciting emancipatory possibilities within political ecology by envisioning the translation of epistemological insights into implementable actions, towards more just and resilient urban ecologies of future.
Effect of mooring mode and internal mass block layout on eccentric rotating wave energy converter model
Authors: Xue Gang , Liu Yanjun , Huang Shuting , Xue Yifan , Qin Jian , Zhang Zhenquan
Published: April 2022

Reliability and energy conversion ability are the most concerned performance indexes of Wave Energy Converter Eccentric Rotating Wave Energy Converter (ERWEC) with closed shell can protect energy conversion unit away from seawater, which has shown excellent reliability. However, energy conversion ability of Eccentric Rotating Wave Energy Converter is poor and the method to improve performance of ERWEC is still not clear. The objective of this work is to improve mooring security, motion attitude stability and energy conversion ability of ERWEC. In this paper, experimental model of ERWEC was developed, and energy conversion mechanism was clarified. Experiments on various mooring modes and various internal mass block layouts were carried out. Besides, breaking coefficient, instability coefficient and energy conversion coefficient were calculated to evaluate performance of ERWEC. The result showed that the effect of mooring mode on mooring security, motion attitude stability and energy conversion ability was coupled to the effect of internal mass block layout on those three indexes. Furthermore, under determined mooring mode condition, internal mass block layout was optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm. This paper provides basis for conceptual design of mooring mode and real-time control of mass block layout to achieve better mooring security, motion attitude stability and energy conversion ability of ERWEC.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing to Reduce Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Symptoms among Forcibly Displaced People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Macgowan Mark J. , Naseh Mitra , Rafieifar Maryam
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study is a meta-analysis on the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring depression, and anxiety symptoms among forcibly displaced people. Methods: A search was followed by data extraction and assessment of risk of bias. Within- and between-conditions effect sizes of posttest and follow-up outcomes using a random effects model were examined, with heterogeneity and subgroup analyses. Results: Twenty-two studies ( N = 1964) were included and seventeen ( N = 1652) had complete data for the meta-analysis. There were medium to large effect size reductions on PTSD, depression, and anxiety within-conditions. EMDR was more effective than other conditions at posttest for PTSD symptoms but outcomes for the posttests and follow-ups for depression and anxiety were inconclusive. Discussion: EMDR effectively reduced PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety among forcibly displaced people. More studies with larger samples and better designs are needed.
Extended Case Management Services Among Resettled Refugees in the United States
Authors: Shaw Stacey A. , Rodgers Graeme , Poulin Patrick , Robinson Jessica
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Economic self-sufficiency is the priority of U.S. refugee resettlement policy, and opportunities for economic integration are shaped by social service contexts. While reception and placement services are typically provided for 3–8 months, extended case management (ECM) involves 2 years of services. This study examines associations between economic integration outcomes—employment, income source, income, and employment satisfaction—and exposure to ECM.

Method

We compare 243 resettled refugees, including those resettled in Salt Lake City, Utah who received ECM and those resettled in Tucson, Arizona without ECM.

Results

Participants at both sites experienced increased employment and income over time. Participants in Salt Lake City initially experienced higher rates of employment, income, and employment satisfaction than those in Tucson. Employment satisfaction increased more rapidly in Salt Lake City. Being female and older age were also associated with poorer outcomes.

Discussion

Findings point to the benefits of ECM services in promoting economic integration.
Shared Death Experiences: A Multicultural Survey
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio , Álvarez Alex A. , Facchin Nadir , Frullanti Martina , Liberale Laura , Saad Marcelo , Shiah Yung-Jong , Testoni Ines
Published: April 2022

Background

Shared-death-experiences (SDEs) and after-death-communication-experiences (ADCEs) are non-ordinary mental experiences related to the death of a known or unknown person.

Methods

These experiences were investigated by surveying four samples with different cultural backgrounds: Italian, Mexican, Brazilian and Taiwanese people. One-hundred-twenty-one participants reported 146 experiences of this type.

Results

Among the main characteristics of these experiences, visual, visual-auditory and feeling experiences, which comprised 74% of all experiences, were experienced both in the dream state and a normal state of consciousness. Furthermore, most of these experiences were lived before (47.3%) or after (39%) the death of the person in relationship with the participants. More importantly, these experiences influenced the participants’ death interpretation favoring the belief that death affects only the body, but the consciousness of the deceased persons survives in another reality and sometimes can communicate with relatives and friends still alive in this reality. No substantial differences were observed among the different subsamples.

Conclusion

As to the origin of SDEs/ADCEs, we discuss that whereas for most of them, in particular those lived after the death of a relative or a friend, we can assume hallucinatory characteristics triggered by emotional needs, for others, for example those related to unknown individuals and/or those experienced before the death of the person still in good health, it is not possible to exclude their anomalous connections and a real encounter with a deceased person.
Evaluating International Diagnostic, Screening, and Monitoring Practices for Craniofacial Microsomia and Microtia: A Survey Study
Authors: Ronde Elsa M. , Nolte Jitske W. , Kruisinga Frea H. , Maas Saskia M. , Lapid Oren , Ebbens Fenna A. , Becking Alfred G. , Breugem Corstiaan C.
Published: April 2022

To (1) appraise current international classification and clinical management strategies for craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and microtia, and (2) to assess agreement with the European Reference Network “European Guideline Craniofacial Microsomia” recommendations on screening and monitoring.

This was a cross-sectional online survey study. The survey consisted of 44 questions on demographics, diagnostics and classification, obstructive sleep apnea, feeding difficulties, speech and language development, hearing, ocular abnormalities, visual development, orthodontic screening, genetic counselling, psychological wellbeing, and extracraniofacial anomalies.

Respondents were participants of 3 international cleft and craniofacial conferences, members of the American Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Association and members of the International Society for Auricular Reconstruction. Respondents were requested to complete 1 questionnaire per multidisciplinary team.

Fifty-seven responses were received from 30 countries (response rate ∼3%).The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement diagnostic criteria were used by 86% of respondents, though 65% considered isolated microtia a mild form of CFM. The Orbit, Mandible, Ear, Facial Nerve and Soft Tissue classification system was used by 74% of respondents. Agreement with standardized screening and monitoring recommendations was between 61% and 97%. A majority of respondents agreed with screening for extracraniofacial anomalies (63%-68%) and with genetic counselling (81%).

This survey did not reveal consistent agreement on the diagnostic criteria for CFM. Respondents mostly supported management recommendations, but frequently disagreed with the standardization of care. Future studies could focus on working towards international consensus on diagnostic criteria, and exploring internationally feasible management strategies.
Implementation of an Ambulatory Cleft Lip Repair Protocol: Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Park Jenn J. , Colon Ricardo Rodriguez , Chaya Bachar F. , Rochlin Danielle H. , Chibarro Patricia D. , Shetye Pradip R. , Staffenberg David A. , Flores Roberto L.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Cleft lip repair has traditionally been performed as an inpatient procedure. There has been an interest toward outpatient cleft lip repair to reduce healthcare costs and avoid unnecessary hospital stay. We report surgical outcomes following implementation of an ambulatory cleft lip repair protocol and hypothesize that an ambulatory repair results in comparable safety outcomes to inpatient repair.

Design/Setting

This is a single-institution, retrospective study.

Patients/Participants

Patients undergoing primary unilateral (UCL) and bilateral (BCL) cleft lip repair from 2012 to 2021 with a minimum 30-day follow-up. A total of 226 patients with UCL and 58 patients with BCL were included.

Intervention

Ambulatory surgery protocol in 2016.

Outcome Measures

Variables include demographics and surgical data including 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperation, and postoperative complications.

Results

There were no differences in rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, wound complications, or postoperative complications between the pre- and post-protocol groups. Following ambulatory protocol implementation, 80% of the UCL group and 56% of the BCL group received ambulatory surgery. Average length of stay dropped from 24 h pre-protocol to 8 h post-protocol. The 20% of the UCL group and 44% of the BCL group chosen for overnight stay had a significantly higher proportion of congenital abnormalities and higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class. Reasons for overnight stay included cardiac/airway monitoring, prematurity, and monitoring of comorbidities. There were no differences in surgical outcomes between the ambulatory and overnight stay groups.

Conclusions

An ambulatory cleft lip repair protocol can significantly reduce average length of stay without adversely affecting surgical outcomes.
Social Media as a Learning Tool: A Perspective on Formal and Informal Learning
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Nanda Pooja
Published: April 2022

Social networks have been recognized as a fertile learning environment, particularly in encouraging the exchange of knowledge. Students primarily use online communities and groups to read, exchange textbooks, make joint decisions, or share learning materials. Present work assesses the relationship between informal digital learning and formal education settings, with social media interventions. Applications of popular social media platforms have been explored in both formal and informal learning environments. Integration of social media platforms as a learning tool has been theorized by reviewing the contribution of social media and highlighting their specific outcomes.
‘Men Actually Need to Practice the Conversation’: Collective Learnings from Australian Programs Seeking to Challenge Outdated Masculine Stereotypes and Norms
Authors: Stewart Rebecca , Roberts Steven , Wright Breanna , Smith Liam
Published: April 2022

Programs working with men and boys in relation to gender equality are increasing. Little is known, however, about how these programs go beyond raising awareness, to supporting attitude and behaviour change in their participants. In response, 17 facilitators from eight Australian organisations were interviewed to identify program design and delivery strategies that increase male participants’ engagement. Analysis of interview data revealed three themes and seven subthemes, which were crosschecked against survey data from 79 program participants. The themes were the provision of a safe, judgement-free environment; encouraging and supporting growth in participants; and the central role of the facilitators in the success of the first two themes, and in the delivery of programs more generally. Facilitator and participants held mostly consistent perspectives, which were comparable with the existing literature; variations from the literature were noted, however, regarding the lack of efficacy of single-session programs and the relevance of facilitator gender.
A Pilot Study Assessing Sexual Behavior as Self-Injury in College Students
Authors: Mellin Julie E. , Young Cara C.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The use of sexual activity to self-injure has been proposed in research literature but remains underexplored. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of identifying sexual activity as self-injury in a U.S. college-based sample and to provide a preliminary examination of sexual activity as self-injury to inform future study on this topic.

Method:

A cross-sectional descriptive pilot study was conducted to assess for recognition of and attitudes toward sexual behavior as self-injury and to identify participant-reported experiences of sexual activity to self-injure.

Results:

A total of 50 participants completed the online survey. Thirteen (26%) participants reported they had heard of the concept of “sex as self-injury.” Six (12%) participants reported ever having used sexual activity to cause physical or psychological harm to themselves. Participants reported intentions for engaging in sexual activity to self-injure, including causing physical pain, reliving past self-harm or trauma, showing vulnerability, proving self-worth, pleasing or wanting to feel needed by their partner, and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion:

Sexual activities have been used by some college students as a means of self-harm. Further research is needed to understand this phenomenon and clinicians should consider screening for this in patients who participate in dangerous sexual behaviors or self-injurious behaviors.
Hope You’re Not Totally Commercial! Toward a Better Understanding of Advertising Recognition's Impact on Influencer Marketing Effectiveness
Authors: Sundermann Gerrit , Munnukka Juha
Published: April 2022

Social media influencers (SMIs) have become an effective channel for reaching targeted customers. The present study explores the influence process of advertising recognition on consumer responses in the SMI marketing context. The authors examined an Instagram post featuring the endorsement of a brand and created an experimental design with four conditions related to advertising recognition and the parasocial relationship. Findings from a partial least squares structural equation modeling procedure indicate that advertising recognition results in overall negative consumer responses to SMI brand endorsements. The results also indicate parallel mediating effects of source credibility and attitude toward endorsements as well as moderating effects of the parasocial relationship and consumer skepticism toward influencer marketing. The study sheds light on the influence process of SMI brand endorsements and the boundary conditions under which consumer responses to advertising recognition are moderated.
Haematological and biochemical reference intervals in healthy Ragdoll cats
Authors: Ferriani Riccardo , Mangiagalli Giulia , Meazzi Sara , Pantoli Marianna , Barbè Federico , Pastore Camilla , Rossi Silvia
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Breed-specific reference intervals (RIs) may be necessary to avoid misinterpretation of laboratory results. The main aim of this study was to establish haematobiochemical RIs for Ragdoll cats.

Methods

Forty-two clinically healthy adult (0.8–10 years old) Ragdoll cats (Ragdoll population [RP]) and 60 non-Ragdoll cats as the control population (CP) were prospectively enrolled. Results of haematology, biochemistry and total thyroxine (TT4) were used to determine both Ragdoll-specific and general feline population RIs for each variable using Reference Value Advisor software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines.

Results

For each analyte, RIs of the RP were calculated and compared with those obtained from the CP. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte absolute count, platelet count and lymphocyte absolute number were statistically different from the CP. Biochemistry RIs revealed a statistical difference in creatinine kinase (CK), total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, total calcium and iron.

Conclusions and relevance

Haematobiochemical RIs of the general feline population must be used with caution in Ragdoll cats when it comes to iron and glucose concentrations, CK activity and absolute lymphocyte number. For these parameters, the use of breed-specific RIs is suggested. The docile and more relaxed nature of this breed may explain these differences and further investigations are necessary to better understand the results. Furthermore, investigations are needed to evaluate the possible benefits of breed-specific urea RIs.
Topical cenegermin 0.002% for pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy
Authors: Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Traish Aisha S. , Saeed Hajirah N. , Mantagos Iason S.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cenegermin 0.002% ophthalmic drops in the management of pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).

Methods

Retrospective chart review of children under the age of 18 years diagnosed with NK at Boston Children's Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and treated with topical cenegermin 0.002% ophthalmic solution between June 2018 and June 2021 was performed. Data collection included etiology of NK, age at time of initiation of topical cenegermin, laterality, ethnicity, gender, history of previous ocular therapy, pre- and post-therapy best corrected visual acuity, pre- and post-therapy cornea examination, any adverse events from topical cenegermin, associated ocular conditions, and history of ocular surgeries.

Results

The current study includes four eyes of four pediatric patients with a mean age of 4.5 ± 2.0 years at the time of initiation of topical cenegermin therapy. The mean time from NK diagnosis until start of topical cenegermin drops was 5.2 ± 4.3 months and mean follow-up time was 15 ± 9.6 months. In all four patients, marked improvement in epitheliopathy was demonstrated after completion of therapy. Best corrected visual acuity was measurable in 3 eyes of 3 patients, and it improved from a mean of 0.07 ± 0.01 to a mean of 0.29 ± 0.26 ( P = 0.3). No adverse events related to cenegermin therapy were noted.

Conclusion

Topical cenegermin was effective in improving corneal healing for pediatric NK.
A meta-analysis of visual outcomes and optical quality after small incision lenticule extraction versus implantable collamer lens for myopia
Authors: Di Yu , Cui Ge , Li Ying , Luo Yan
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate possible differences in visual outcome and optical quality when small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus implantable collamer lens (ICL) is used to correct myopia.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to August 2021 to identify relevant studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Primary outcomes were postoperative efficacy, safety, and predictability at the end of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were changes in modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cut−off), objective scatter index (OSI) values, total higher-order aberrations (HOAs), spherical aberrations, and coma aberrations.

Results

Seven studies with a total of 1296 eyes (SMILE: 731 eyes; TECXL: 565 eyes) were included. The ICL group had a better MTF cut−off ( P = 0.007) and less change in the proportion of HOAs ( P < 0.001), spherical aberrations ( P = 0.009), and coma ( P = 0.006) than the SMILE group. For the other outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions

SMILE and ICL implantation are comparable in efficacy, safety, and predictability for correcting myopia. Larger studies with longer follow-up times are warranted to provide a better understanding of the benefits of SMILE and ICL implantation.
Comparison of ultrasound guided dorsal radial artery cannulation and conventional radial artery cannulation at the volar aspect of wrist: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maitra Souvik , Baidya Dalim K , Ray Bikash R , Chowhan Ganesh , Bhattacharjee Sulagna
Published: April 2022

Background:

Distal radial artery cannulation at the “anatomical snuffbox” carries several theoretical advantages over conventional radial arterial cannulation at the wrist. However, these two techniques have not been evaluated in perioperative settings.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, n = 200 patients requiring arterial cannulation for perioperative monitoring were recruited. Patients were randomized to either ultrasound guided distal radial artery cannulation group (group D) or ultrasound guided conventional radial artery cannulation group (group W). Primary outcome of this study was first attempt cannulation success rate.

Results:

First attempt cannulation success rate was significantly lower in distal radial artery cannulation (57% in group D and 77% in group W; p = 0.003). Use of alternative cannulation site was significantly higher in group D when compared to group W ( p = 0.015) and number of attempts for successful cannulation was significantly higher in group D when compared to group W ( p = 0.015). None of the patients in any group developed thrombosis and related complications and intraoperative catheter dislodgement. Time to puncture the artery ( p < 0.0001), total cannulation time ( p < 0.0001), and actual catheter insertion time ( p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in group D in comparison to group W.

Conclusion:

Distal radial artery cannulation was associated with lower first attempt cannulation success rate and requires longer time to perform. As distal radial artery is a new technique, further studies are required in different clinical settings.
Pornification as Westernization on the semi-periphery: The history of the Hungarian ‘porn boom’ in the 1990s
Authors: Csányi Gergely , Dés Fanni , Gregor Anikó
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is to reconsider ‘pornification’ as a universal concept to describe the mediatized process of proliferation of pornographic images in cultural spaces. Based on a textual and discursive analysis of newspaper clippings from the 1990s, autobiographical books and semi-structured interviews with Hungarian porn industry participants, this article explores the local factors that made Hungary an ideal place for the international porn industry to expand production after 1989. This article contributes to the growing body of literature in Porn Studies, which emphasizes the importance of the industrial nature and global inequalities in porn production. We examine the local discourses that justified the ‘porn boom’ as a sign of westernization and the country’s catching-up to the West and present the key factors in the capitalist reintegration process that led to the expansion of the Hungarian porn industry.
Review of calculating models of unsteady natural ventilation rate due to wind fluctuations
Authors: Xiao Xue , Zhou Junli , Yang Wei
Published: April 2022

Natural ventilation is an important form of sustainable building technique that can be used to adjust the indoor environment to ensure indoor thermal comfort and maintain acceptable indoor air quality. Correct estimation of the ventilation rate is a necessary step in natural ventilation design. Natural wind fluctuation and interaction between the wind and buildings determine models of mean flow rate inaccuracy in predicting actual ventilation. In this paper, a summary of calculation models for unsteady natural ventilation is given. Unsteady natural ventilation mechanisms are classified into continuous airflow, pulsating flow, eddy penetration and diffusion phenomena. The theories of different ventilation mechanisms and the differences between various research reports are expounded and discussed. Additionally, an in-situ measurement of the eddy penetration caused by wind turbulence at the opening was conducted to verify the proposed model. The actual application condition of different eddy penetration models is proposed via the comparison between previous models. With respect to the ‘pumping’ mechanism, this is regarded as a special type of eddy penetration for the first time. Research on ‘pumping’ airflow has just started, the mechanism and influencing factors of which will need to be further explored.
Population characteristics and source analysis of microorganisms in a regularly disinfected library
Authors: Zhang Ge , Li Yang , Song Zhangyu , Hao Yang
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the impact of regular disinfection on the concentration of microbial aerosol and the distribution of microbial species in a university library and analysed the main sources of microorganisms. The microorganisms in the air were sampled by six-stage Andersen cascade impactors, and their diversity was explored based on ribosomal DNA site amplification and sequencing technology. The statistical analysis found that the average concentrations of bacteria and fungi in this library were 149 ± 36 CFU/m3 and 118 ± 33 CFU/m3, respectively. The concentration in the reading rooms, the hybrid rooms and the stack rooms decreased in succession. The disinfection effect was significant comparing the result with non-disinfected libraries reported in literature. The concentration ratio of indoor and outdoor microorganisms (I/O) was greater than 1, and the concentration of microbial aerosol was positively correlated with the concentration of CO2 and particulate matter. The results indicate that the microbial concentration was mainly from indoor occupants. The most prevalent microorganisms were Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. This species' distribution was not affected by disinfection measures. The median diameter of microbial aerosols in most rooms was less than 5 μm. The use of disinfectants did not affect the particle size distribution of microorganisms.
The effect of thermal environment on stress and thermal comfort of college students under acute stress
Authors: Yang Yalong , Bai Yunfei , Zhang Rui , Zhu Xulai
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the indoor thermal condition on people’s stress and thermal comfort under acute stress. Therefore, an experiment was carried out on 20 human subjects in the climate chamber. Three thermal conditions (PMV = −1, PMV = 0 and PMV = 1) were created. Trier social stress test was used as the program to stimulate acute stress and was divided into three stages: Pre-stressor, Stressor task and Post-stressor under each thermal condition. To analyse stress and thermal sensation, a survey was conducted and human subjects completed questionnaire provided about their responses. Furthermore, the psychophysiological responses of subjects were measured by electroencephalogram at different thermal conditions. The results indicate that subject’s stress is not significantly related to the thermal environment conditions in the stage of Pre-stressor. However, a neutral and slightly cold environment can reduce the stress of the subjects in the Stressor task, while a slightly warm environment would increase more acute stress. The thermal environment and psychological stress were found to have a combined effect, which could affect the thermal sensation, thermal comfort and acceptability of the environment when subjects were under acute stress stimulation.
The kids are all right: Adolescent deviance, innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking
Authors: Robert Neale Nathan , Sahaym Arvin , Noack David , Juasrikul Sakdipon
Published: April 2022

Entrepreneurial behaviour involves challenging the status quo. Similarly, adolescent deviants break rules and act against established norms. While adolescent deviance is seen as a strain on society, it can also be related to characteristics of entrepreneurial intentions. We draw upon prior literature to demonstrate that deviance during adolescence can promote the development of and reliance upon relational capital, and that these characteristics are associated with innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking as adults. We test hypotheses using a sample of 375 participants and highlight the role of relational capital in the lives of adolescent deviants and how it contributes to entrepreneurial behaviour.
Everyday power dynamics and hierarchies in qualitative research: The role of humour in the field
Authors: Kaaristo Maarja
Published: April 2022

Negotiating the relationships influenced by a combination of identity markers during fieldwork is an important aspect of qualitative data co-creation. Based on ethnographic research with the canal boating and enthusiast communities in the UK, this paper focuses on the mundane power dynamics and hierarchies in research situations. The paper discusses the role of humour in negotiating the interpersonal dynamics and argues for the consideration of power (im)balances in the field beyond assumptions of the researcher as definitely the advantaged side. Joking plays an important role and is used by both research participants and researchers to level the researcher–participant hierarchies as well as to reproduce and reaffirm them. This takes place on a conceptual continuum: first, in terms of their relative rigidity, whereby certain norms, opinions or value systems are reinforced; and secondly, flexibility, whereby the notions about norms and preconceived ideas might shift during the research encounter.
Dementia-friendly initiatives within the context of COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and strategies perceived by service professional stakeholders from the USA and China
Authors: Sun Fei , Opur Fredrika A , Kim Ha-Neul , Prieto Lucas R , Conyers Christian
Published: April 2022

Purposes

Dementia-friendly initiatives (DFI) are community-based movements aimed to address stigma, exclusion, and discrimination associated with dementia. This study examined the challenges faced and strategies used by DFI prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of stakeholders in the USA and China.

Methods

Qualitative interviews with 17 stakeholders involved in DFI from the United States and mainland China were conducted via the Zoom platform. Semi-structured interview questions focused on DFI challenges and strategies prior to and during the pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

Three major challenges prior to the COVID-19 pandemic included low participation of persons with dementia, difficulties in building community collaborations, and limited funding and resources needed to sustain DFI. During the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges included exacerbated difficulties of involving persons with dementia and reduced policy support for DFI. Strategies implemented prior to COVID-19 included partnerships with community organizations to outreach and engage persons with dementia, and coordination of resources and diversification of funding sources to sustain DFI. Strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic centered on the implementation of person-centered technology to support persons with dementia and family caregivers, and the development of new programs that integrated efforts to address the impact of COVID-19.

Implications

DFI in the USA and mainland China shared similar challenges for DFI prior to and during COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, DFI in both countries showed resourcefulness through reliance on technology, community collaboration, and COVID-19–related resources to provide support and services. While it remains critical to advocate to the central government to fund DFI, DFI in both societies need to be open to other funding sources, hire persons with dementia as key staff members of DFI, and demonstrate its effectiveness through rigorous evaluation.
Hydrodynamic optimization of a high-speed vessel by means of simulation-based design methodology
Authors: Timurlek Hasan , Şener Bekir
Published: April 2022

This study presents a simulation-based optimization procedure of a high-speed vessel. The presented procedure is applied on benchmark form Model 5365, a 1/8.25 scale model of the transom-stern, high-speed research vessel, R/V Athena. The procedure integrates parametric model generation, viscous numeric resistance analysis, and genetic algorithm evaluation. CAESES, a unique simulation-based design platform, is used to collect the process under one roof and handle the process automatically. The fully-parametric form is constructed by means of main characteristic curves, control curves, and various parameters to achieve quick-variation of hull forms. The numeric resistance analysis are performed via viscous flow solver and the calm-water total resistance force is defined as the optimization objective. The NSGA-II algorithm is used for evaluation of analysis results and regeneration of form variants, to achieve total resistance minimization. The optimization results show that the optimized hull form has lower resistance than Model 5365 form; a form variant with 2.02% total resistance reduction was obtained.
Education and the UN Development Goals Projects (MDGs and SDGs): Definitions, Links, Operationalisations
Authors: Kushnir Iryna , Nunes Ana
Published: April 2022

The United Nations (UN) has orchestrated a mobilisation of the world community over the past 20 years, to tackle a range of global problems via two consecutive development projects: the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research focused on education in these projects is fragmented, with apparent gaps in knowledge around: i) the definition of education; ii) the links between the education goal and other goals; and iii) the operationalisation of those links. The originality of this study rests in addressing these interrelated gaps, by drawing on the soft governance approach and thematic analysis of 12 key UN policy documents. The findings explain the position of education in both UN projects by highlighting important aspects of its dynamic nature. First, the definition of education has been evolving, along with its links to the different themes covered in both MDG and SDG projects. Second, certain aspects of the process of operationalisation of education remain vague—the UN must work towards clarification of these remaining aspects if the operationalisation of education for sustainable development is to be improved. The significance of these findings is in engendering directions for international policy-making in the upcoming world summits, leading up to the 2030 deadline for the achievement of the SDGs, and in highlighting the fact that education should increasingly be regarded as an indispensable tool for policy-makers involved in this process.
Advanced analysis of fan noise measurements supported by theoretical source models
Authors: Klähn Lukas , Moreau Antoine , Caldas Luciano , Jaron Robert , Tapken Ulf
Published: April 2022

With the objective to improve the understanding of the dominant fan noise source mechanisms, a comprehensive experimental study was conducted at a low speed fan test rig. The aerodynamic fan map as well as the acoustic characteristics of the fan was measured for a new blade integrated disk (Blisk) rotor with systematic variation of the shaft speed and throttling. The interpretation of the results is supported by simulations of the experiment with a physics-based analytical in-house tool for fan noise prediction. For the acoustic measurements, an array of wall-flushed microphones was used in the inlet section. By means of radial mode analysis techniques, the broadband and tonal sound powers are calculated for each operating point. In the obtained comprehensive database, systematic variations of the tonal and broadband sound power with the flow rate are found. These patterns can only partly be correlated to the varying incidence angle of the rotor blades. Comparing the mode distributions of the measured noise and the analytical models then allows conclusions on the predominant noise sources of rotor–stator interaction and inflow-rotor interaction.
Midterm Outcomes of BeGraft Stent Grafts Used as Bridging Stents in Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Clough Rachel E. , Spear Rafaëlle , Mougin Justine , Le Houérou Thomas , Fabre Dominique , Sobocinski Jonathan , Haulon Stéphan
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (fEVAR) is established for the treatment of juxtarenal, pararenal, and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Bridging stents are used to connect the main body of the stent graft to the aortic branch vessels. Complications related to the bridging stents compromise the durability of the repair and require urgent re-intervention. Here we present the midterm results of the BeGraft stent graft system used for fEVAR.

Materials and method:

All consecutive patients treated with fEVAR and the current BeGraft Peripheral Stent Graft between November 2015 and September 2016 were included.

Results:

Thirty-nine consecutive patients (38 men) were enrolled and 101 BeGraft second-generation stent grafts were implanted. The median aneurysm diameter was 60 mm (54.5–67.0 mm). Aneurysms were juxtarenal and pararenal (19/39, 48.1%), type 4 TAAA (3/39, 7.7%), type 1, 2, and 3 TAAA (7/39, 17.8%), type 5 TAAA (4/39, 10.2%), and 15.4% (6/39) had a type I endoleak following a previous EVAR. Fifty-five BeGrafts were implanted in mesenteric arteries (22 in coeliac trunks, 31 in the superior mesenteric artery, and 2 in a hepatic or splenic artery) and 46 into renal arteries (24 right and 22 left). The renal artery diameters were 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm in 9, 7, 26, and 4 patients, respectively. Mesenteric arteries were exclusively stented with 9 and 10 mm diameter devices. The median follow-up was 33 months (IQ25 17–IQ75 36). During follow-up, 11 patients died (28%) from non–aneurysm-related causes. The overall patency rates for bridging stents were 98% and 97% at 1 and 2 years, respectively, with a freedom from secondary procedure rate on BeGraft stent grafts of 96% (97/101). All events occurred on stents implanted in renal arteries.

Conclusion:

Early favorable outcomes are confirmed during longer term follow-up. Vigilant surveillance is required.