bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probiotics Improve Fasting Blood Glucose, HOMA-IR, and Reduce Body Weight in Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Suastika Arresta Vitasatria , Widiana I Gde Raka , Kusuma Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya , Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi , Suastika Ketut , Sujaya I Nengah
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Indonesian indigenous probiotics have been found to improve disruptions of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium and reduce total cholesterol levels. Improvement in the tight junction could decrease the LPS level and further reduce the blood glucose and insulin resistance. The effects of indigenous Indonesian Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr) probiotics on glucose metabolism and inflammatory marker levels in diabetic rats was studied to find if these probiotics are suitable as potential supplementation treatment in diabetes.METHODS: Sixteen female Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozotocin and fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. The rats were separated into four groups: LrFBB81, LrFSMM22, LrSKG34, and a control group. Each intervention group got daily dosages of 1 mL probiotic suspensions containing 109 CFU/mL cells given orally for 14 days, whereas the control group received saline. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and body weight were evaluated.RESULTS: FBG was significantly reduced in LrFSMM22 group (Δ=120.75 mg/dL, p=0.035), while significant reduction was not observed from LrFBB81, LrSKG34, and control groups. No statistically significant differences were found in HOMA-IR before and after intervention in all groups, but Δ HOMA-IR from LrFSMM22 group was reduced more than the control group (-3.90 vs. 2.02, p=0.028). All groups showed no significant differences in LPS level, meanwhile statistically significant reduction in body weight was observed in all probiotic groups, LrFBB81 (Δ=-15.7 gram, p=0.040), LrSKG34 (Δ= -20.43 gram, p=0.006), and LrFSMM22 groups (Δ=-18.33 gram, p=0.037).CONCLUSION: The administration of L. rhamnosus could improve FBG, HOMA-IR, and reduce body weight without suppressing the LPS.KEYWORDS: diabetes, probiotic, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, lipopolysaccharide, insulin resistance
Meta-analytic evaluation of the effect of renal denervation in the treatment of essential hypertension in SHR rats
Authors: Kuzmenko N. V. , Tsyrlin V. A. , Pliss M. G. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: February 2025

Essential hypertension (EH) is diagnosed in 90 % of people suffering from arterial hypertension (HTN). Along with drug therapy, renal denervation (RD) is used in clinical practice to reduce blood pressure (BP) in EH. In experimental studies, hypertension in SHR rats is a model of EH.The aim of the work is to study, using a meta-analysis, the effect of RD on BP in SHR rats and its dependence on the stage of EH, initial BP, “white coat syndrome”, diet, presence of renal failure, and the method of the procedure.Materials and methods. For the meta-analysis, 55 studies were selected that presented the level of BP in SHR rats after RD. In 51 studies, rats with two kidneys were subjected to RD (in 8 studies, unilateral total RD was studied, in 41 studies, bilateral RD (in 3 studies, afferent nerves were removed, in 5 studies, total denervation of the kidneys was performed using the radiofrequency method, in the rest, total denervation was performed using the surgical-chemical method). In 5 publications, RD effect was studied in rats with two kidneys kept on a high-salt diet. In 4 studies, RD was performed on rats with one kidney (the second kidney was removed).Results. Bilateral total RD (both surgical-chemical and radiofrequency) effectively reduces BP in SHR rats with both standard and high-salt diets, and slows down, but does not prevent, the development of EH. After RD changes in systolic blood pressure are –23,59 [–27,88, –19,29] mmHg (–8.4 [–16.8, –6.4] %), changes in diastolic blood pressure are –19.96 [–23.74, –16.19] mmHg (–12.14 [–17.69, –6.15] %). In addition, bilateral total RD reduces the activity of the renin-angiotensin system and the level of norepinephrine. The observed antihypertensive effect of RD is approximately 2 times lower with telemetric recording of BP than with manual measurement on the tail artery, which indicates a decrease in the “white coat” syndrome after RD. With preservation of both kidneys, unilateral RD does not cause a decrease in BP.Conclusion. Renal nerves make a significant contribution to the maintenance of EH, affecting the level of BP both at rest and under emotional stress. However, additional studies are required to resolve the issue of the role of afferentation from the kidneys in maintaining EH.
Vascular aging: the role of hypertension, obesity and meta-inflammation
Authors: Zyubanova I. V. , Mordovin V. F. , Lichikaki V. A. , Manukyan M. A. , Khunkhinova S.. A. , Solonskaya E. I. , Rudenko V. V. , Falkovskaya A. Yu.
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of disability and mortality in the elderly population in developed countries. At the same time, population-based studies have shown that aging remains the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular pathology. Existing geroprotection strategies have not shown high efficiency. At the same time, the mechanisms of the negative impact of known risk factors (such as hypertension, obesity, metabolic disorders) are largely identical to the processes of cardiovascular aging.Pathophysiological processes associated with aging include oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy and increased apoptosis, telomere dysfunction, meta-inflammation and fibrosis. They are interconnected and are potentiated by the presence of hypertension and obesity, aggravating cardiovascular aging and provoking atherogenesis.Understanding the key common links in the pathogenesis of these processes will help determine the direction of developing more effective strategies for geroprotection and prevention of cardiovascular pathology.
Effect of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) Infection on Mungbean Genotypes: Identification and Characterization of Host Plant Resistance
Authors: Devindrappa M. , Singh Bansa , Jagadeeswaran R. , Basavaraja T.
Published: February 2025

Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata) has great socio-economic importance and is one of the main food legumes widely distributed worldwide. Yield losses caused by Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have been widely recorded in mungbean growing areas. Screening for stable resistant genotypes has the potential to reduce the damage caused by the root-knot nematodes. Methods: The present investigation screening of 100 mungbean genotypes against M. javanica infection were carried out in field-laboratory during 2023. Host plant resistance sources of mungbean genotypes were identified and characterized based on number of galls, galling index (GI) and a number of egg mass index against M. javanica infection. Result: The result exhibited that, three accessions namely UPM 02-17, IPM 1620-6 and IPM 1718-1 were resistant to M. javanica infection having GI ± 2 and five accessions viz., PARAT M 8, PUSA 9531, RMG 353, PAU-911 and PM-2 showed moderately resistant reaction with GI ± 10 and rest of the screened genotypes were either susceptible or highly susceptible against nematode infection. Nematode development and multiplication on mungbean resistance accessions had significantly weakness in pathogenic ability and nematode infection appeared to be antibiosis that was associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and impeding the giant cell formation as compared to RKN susceptible mungbean genotypes.
Russischlernen mit Duolingo
Authors: Böhmer Jule
Published: February 2025

Wenn von den Chancen des Einsatzes von KI-Anwendungen im Bildungssystem die Rede ist, werden häufig die sich daraus ergebenden Möglichkeiten der Individualisierung genannt. Individual Tutoring Systems (ITS) wird dabei eine Schlüsselrolle zugesprochen.
In diesem Beitrag wird vorgestellt, wie Duolingo, eine KI-basierte, weltweit genutzte und kostenlose Sprachlern-App, in den schulischen Sprachunterricht integriert werden kann und damit den Erwerb des Russischen individuell unterstützt.
Russisch lernen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz im universitären Kontext
Authors: Fuchs Bastian , Rönnau Maria
Published: February 2025

Russisch lernen mit Künstlicher Intelligenz: Eine Zukunftsvision? In diesem Beitrag wird ein universitärer Sprachkurs vorgestellt, in dem Studierende verschiedene KI-Tools in ihrer Funktion als Sprachlernassistenten beim Russischlernen erproben. Diese Tools werden primär als Grammatik- und Vokabeltrainer, Gesprächspartner und Übersetzungshelfer betrachtet. Neben der Erprobung von KI-Tools wird über die Potenziale und Grenzen von KI und individuelle Lernerfahrungen der Studierenden diskutiert.
The Impact of Recovery Learning Model with Lumio by SMART on High School Students' Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Static Fluids
Authors: Choir Ridha Amalila , Maryani Maryani , Ernasari Ernasari
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of the Discovery Learning model assisted by Lumio by SMART on high school students' learning activities and outcomes in a static fluid material, which is difficult to understand without experiments. Discovery Learning encourages students to discover concepts independently, enhancing comprehension and retention, while Lumio provides interactive media, such as simulations and animations, to support active learning. This experimental research used a post-test-only control group design with a randomly selected sample from 142 students in grade XI science. Data were collected through multiple-choice tests, observations, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using normality tests and statistical tests with SPSS V25. Results showed that the experimental class had higher learning activity (83.571) than the control class (69.028), with an independent sample T-test yielding a significance value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. Learning outcomes were also higher in the experimental class (83.43) than in the control class (68.33), analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test due to non-normal data distribution, with a significance value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. These findings indicate that the Discovery Learning model assisted by Lumio by SMART positively affects students' learning activities and outcomes, suggesting its potential integration with other interactive media or learning models for future research.
Development of the Base Physics (BASIC) Website to Improve High School Physics Science Literacy in the Merdeka Curriculum
Authors: Azmar Azmar
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis website, Base Physics (BASIC), untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswa SMA dalam mata pelajaran fisika sesuai kurikulum merdeka. Berdasarkan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model 4-D yang mencakup tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate, penelitian ini bertujuan menciptakan dan mengevaluasi efektivitas media pembelajaran yang inovatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 35 siswa kelas XII IPA di SMAN 6 Kota Serang, serta tiga validator ahli yang menilai kelayakan media pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran BASIC dinilai sangat layak oleh para ahli, dengan rata-rata persentase kelayakan keseluruhan sebesar 96%. Uji coba terbatas menunjukkan respon positif dari siswa, dengan rata-rata persentase kelayakan 82%. Media pembelajaran ini diakui dapat mengatasi keterbatasan fasilitas dan meningkatkan literasi sains siswa dengan menyediakan referensi tambahan yang mendidik dan menarik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran BASIC efektif dalam mendukung literasi sains siswa dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya mencakup pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam aspek desain dan cakupan materi, serta evaluasi keefektifan media dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Por um currículo vitalício feito com/de corpos queer
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Araújo de , Ferrari Anderson , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa , Souza Marcos Lopes de
Published: February 2025

Este artigo mobiliza uma experiência acontecida em um estágio supervisionado em Ensino de História mediada pela presença de corpos queer. A narrativa dessa experiência fez disparar em nós três questionamentos que exploramos ao longo do texto: (1) O que pode corpos queer na sala de aula de formação de professores e professoras? (2) Um corpo que parece saber em quais lugares sua vida pode ser vivível tem como negociar sua existência nas esferas do reconhecimento e com quem pode fazer alianças? (3) É possível ampliar os espaços seguros e minimizar as ameaças às vidas queer nos currículos escolares da educação básica também? Desenvolvemos o argumento de que os corpos queer no currículo não apenas mexem nos ordenamentos da norma, mas instauram uma epistemologia outra que propõe encontros, composições e afetos para a constituição de um currículo vitalício feito com/de corpos queer.
InfEHR: Resolving Clinical Uncertainty through Deep Geometric Learning on Electronic Health Records
Authors: Nadkarni Girish , Kauffman Justin , Holmes Emma , Vaid Akhil , Charney Alexander , Kovatch Patricia , Lampert Joshua , Sakhuja Ankit , Zitnik Marinka , Glicksberg Benjamin , Hofer Ira
Published: February 2025

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain multimodal data that can inform diagnostic and prognostic clinical decisions but are often unsuited for advanced machine learning (ML)–based patient-specific analyses. ML models and clinical heuristics learn generalizable relationships from predefined factors, yet many patients may not benefit if those factors are missing in the EHR or differ—however subtly—from typical training populations. Clinical heuristics are limited to low complexity, often linear, relationships and patterns between clinical variables. ML approaches in EHRs significantly expand pattern sophistication but require large, labeled datasets, which are often unattainable especially in low prevalence diseases and are limited by sources of random and non-random variation in EHRs. Deep learning (DL), in contrast with ML and clinical heuristics, learns features without predefinition but requires even greater label access for predictions. While DL can construct unsupervised EHR representations, the patterns and characteristics of less prevalent examples are poorly resolved, and downstream clinical applications still require labels. We present Inf-EHR, a framework to automatically compute clinical likelihoods from whole EHRs of patients from diverse clinical settings without need of large volumes of labeled training data. We apply deep geometric learning to EHRs through a novel procedure that converts whole EHRs to temporal graphs. These graphs naturally capture phenotypic temporal dynamics leading to unbiased representations. Using only a few labeled examples, InfEHR computes and automatically revises likelihoods leading to highly performant inferences especially in low prevalence diseases which are often the most clinically ambiguous. To demonstrate utility, we use EHRs from the Mount Sinai Health System and The University of California, Irvine Medical Center and test its performance compared to physician-provided clinical heuristics across two diseases with no clinical or epidemiological overlap: a rare disease (neonatal culture-negative sepsis) with prevalence of 2% in neonates, and a more common disease (adult post-operative acute kidney injury) with prevalence of 22%. We show that Inf-EHR is superior to existing clinical heuristics both for culture-negative sepsis (sensitivity: 0.65 vs .041, specificity: 0.99 vs.0.98) and post-operative acute kidney injury (sensitivity: 0.72 vs 0.20, specificity: 0.91 vs 0.97). We present the first application of geometric deep learning in EHRs that can be used in real world clinical settings at scale, for improving phenotype identification and resolving clinical uncertainty.
Scrotal temperature change during running in naked humans
Authors: Takii Yasuho , Fukuda Makoto , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Yoda Tamae
Published: February 2025

Male reproductive organs are functionally affected by high body temperature. This study aimed to clarify the thermoregulation mechanisms of the human scrotum during running, and experiments were conducted to investigate temperature changes in the whole body and the scrotum. Eleven male long-distance runners performed treadmill running at 60%VO2max for 60 min in an indoor environment at 27°C and 40% relative humidity. Immediately after the start of the run, the skin temperatures in areas other than the scrotum decreased or showed a tendency to decrease. In contrast, the scrotal temperature increased immediately after the start of the run. After the end of the run, the scrotal temperature decreased, whereas the skin temperatures in other body parts increased. An increase in scrotal temperature immediately after the start of the run was observed even in the situation where the scrotum was not affected by heating due to contact with the thighs. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the scrotum may have been elevated with the contraction of the dartos muscle and the cremaster muscle as a result of increased sympathetic nerve activity. Additionally, it cannot be ruled out that a specific vasodilation mechanism could play a role in this occurrence.
CT-gesteuerte Stanzbiopsien im Kopf-Hals-Bereich : eine retrospektive, single-center Studie über die diagnostische Eigenschaft und Sicherheit dieses Verfahrens
Authors:   , Ketelsen Heinrich Johannes
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund: Obwohl die Kernnadelbiopsie zu einem wichtigen Instrument in der minimalinvasiven Gewebeentnahme und -diagnostik geworden ist, gibt es immer noch wenige Studien über Stanzbiopsien bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren.
Zweck: Die retrospektive Bewertung der Ergebnisse sowie der klinischen Rolle der computertomographisch (CT) – gesteuerten perkutanen Kernnadelbiopsie von Kopf- und Halstumoren mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit.
Material und Methoden: In dieser retrospektiven, monozentrischen Studie von 04/2007 bis 12/2021 wurden 156 Stanzbiopsien ausgewertet und zusätzlich in suprahyoidale und infrahyoidale Subgruppen separat analysiert. Die Qualität und die Ergebnisse der histologischen Gewebeproben wurden mit der finalen Diagnose nach einem sechs-monatigen Follow-up verglichen, um die Eigenschaften der CT-gesteuerten Stanzbiopsie als diagnostische Testmethode zu bewerten. Erfasst wurden das Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten, maligne Vorerkrankungen sowie aufgetretene Komplikationen und angefallene Strahlenbelastung bei der Prozedur.
Ergebnisse: 156 Biopsien von 150 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 56 Jahre ± 17; 89 Männer) wurden ausgewertet. Bei 57,3 % (86/150) der Patienten lag ein Malignom vor. 55,1 % (86/156) der Läsionen wurden über einen infrahyoidalen Zugangswegs erreicht. 92,9 % (145/156) der Biopsien lieferten ein eindeutiges Ergebnis. Es gab kein falsch-positives Ergebnis und 4 falsch-negative Ergebnisse, sodass die Rate der Falsch-Negativen insgesamt 2,7 % (4/145) und die diagnostische Ausbeute insgesamt 90,4 % (141/156) betrug. Es traten neun punktionsbedingte Komplikationen auf (9/156 - 5,7 %). Bei keiner der Komplikationen war eine erneute Intervention erforderlich. Das durchschnittliche Dosislängenprodukt betrug 311,3 mGy x cm.
Schlussfolgerung: CT-gesteuerte Kernnadelbiopsien von Kopf- und Halstumoren zeigten hervorragende Ergebnisse mit hoher diagnostischer Genauigkeit und klinischer Sicherheit.
A Mineral World
Authors: Van Driessche Alexander E.S. , Fernandez-Martinez Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Minerals are indispensable components of our daily lives, sought after for their importance in natural and industrial processes, as well as their aesthetic appeal. There have long been established theories on mineral formation mechanisms, but many questions remain unanswered, and evidence suggests that our traditional view of crystallization is too simplistic. In recent decades, there has been a renaissance in this field, with new studies shedding light on the underlying physical processes. This introductory chapter aims to provide readers with a concise overview of the intricate world of mineral crystallization and its relevance in various research fields, including biomineralization, geochemistry, and industrial applications.
Early Stages of Mineral Formation in Water: From Ion Pairs to Crystals
Authors: Wolthers Mariette , Gebauer Denis , Demichelis Raffaella
Published: February 2025

Minerals can precipitate from aqueous solutions via a fascinating variety of pathways. Classically, these pathways were thought to be initiated by a single-step nucleation mechanism. Over the past two decades, several investigations revealed that minerals can form through multi-step processes, from dissolved single ions to the final stable crystal. Depending on the mineral system under investigation and its environment, alternative mechanisms are possible, including ion-by-ion aggregation and agglomeration of clusters of ions. Intermediate species can be intriguingly variable: from ion pairs and ion clusters, to dense liquids, amorphous phases, meso- and (charged) nanocrystals. Here we provide a summarized overview of our current knowledge about processes taking place during the prenucleation stage.
The Birth of Minerals: From Single Step to Multiple Step Mechanisms
Authors: Stawski Tomasz M. , Salvalaglio Matteo , Wallace Adam F. , De Yoreo James J.
Published: February 2025

Mineral formation from ions in aqueous solutions begins with complex initial stages, where amorphous and liquid-like precursors play pivotal roles before crystalline growth occurs. Both classical and non-classical nucleation and growth theories, introduced in previous chapters, offer explanations, each with their own strengths and limitations, for the complex intermediate phases observed in experimental research. Analytical techniques play a critical role in detecting and characterizing precursor phases, offering valuable insights into nucleation and growth mechanisms across various temporal and spatial scales. Molecular dynamics and modelling provide in-depth perspectives on these phases, allowing for a closer examination of their nucleation and growth mechanisms at the molecular level, and revealing the intricate processes that govern their behaviour.
Fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox with multi-channels vibration data based on a novel feature extraction method and LSSVM
Authors: Xia Xin , Wang Xiaolu
Published: February 2025

The vibration signal of the planetary gearbox is complex and mixed with high noise owing to the variable operating conditions and complex operating environments. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate diagnostic results. To improve the efficiency of feature extraction and fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on improved multi-resolution singular value decomposition (IMRSVD), variational mode decomposition (VMD), dispersion entropy (DE), and LSSVM with multi-channel vibration data is proposed. Firstly, an index based on signal energy is proposed to improve the self-adaption of MRSVD in decomposition times, and IMRSVD is applied to eliminate noise in the vibration signal. Secondly, a novel composite feature extraction method is proposed based on the VMD-DE and multi-channel vibration data. Finally, the fault diagnosis of the planetary gearbox was achieved using the LSSVM with composite features. The proposed method is validated on actual planetary gearbox datasets, and the results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher fault diagnosis accuracy.
Educação escolar quilombola na comunidade jatobá: práticas pedagógicas e fazeres quilombolas
Authors:   , Oliveira Élida Joyce de
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho tem como proposta analisar como a Educação Escolar Quilombola vem sendo desenvolvida como modalidade de ensino na Unidade de Ensino Rural Lauro Maia, localizada na comunidade quilombola do Jatobá, município de Patu/RN. Procuramos analisar as práticas Pedagógicas da Unidade de Ensino Rural Lauro Maia, além disso, também contextualizar historicamente a comunidade, ressaltando as suas vivências e experiências no dia a dia. A introdução teórica deste estudo trouxe a conceituação de quilombo e a apresentação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Quilombola, a partir da qual fizemos uma abordagem sobre currículo e a importância de trabalhar a diversidade e suas significações no ambiente escolar. Apresentamos elementos percebidos no processo de pesquisa junto à comunidade do Jatobá, abordando as especificidades dos remanescentes quilombolas do Jatobá. Procuramos perceber o dia a dia por meio de observações e conversas informais com pessoas da comunidade. Discutimos, na sequência, a relação escola, família e comunidade. Com isso, destacamos como as práticas pedagógicas são desenvolvidas pelos professores da comunidade quilombola e se atendem às recomendações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Quilombola. Os métodos para a realização deste trabalho abrangem desde pesquisas bibliográficas a pesquisa de campo, optamos pela etnografia terá como procedimentos: observação, conversas informais, entrevistas com professores e pais de alunos/as e estudo de documento como o Projeto Político Pedagógico. Assim, o resultado mostra que a Educação Escolar Quilombola enfrenta muitos desafios para ser implanta no chão da escola. No caso da UERLM, as ações pedagógicas não estão alinhadas com as da comunidade quilombola do Jatobá, uma vez que a escola não tem seguido o que é estabelecido pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação escolar Quilombola. Percebemos que não existe uma integração entre escola, família e comunidade, os mesmos não participam do Projeto político pedagógico o que tem dificultado a construção de identidades positivas
TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL EM BANCO ESTATAL: Uma Análise da Percepção dos Colaboradores
Authors: Oliveira Luana Lopes de , Andrade Natalia Ferreira , Gomes Matheus da Costa , Mustafa Adham Najeh Abdel Hamid Mohd
Published: February 2025

O sistema bancário que tecnologicamente vem se desenvolvendo em busca de trazer experiências digitais para os clientes com serviços além dos tradicionais, possui cada vez mais um elevado nível de competitividade por meio de transparência, confiabilidade, serviços personalizados, comodidade, fidelidade, confiabilidade e rapidez. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os principais impactos do avanço tecnológico nos serviços digitais bancários em banco governamental, na percepção dos funcionários do banco, uma amostra nível Brasil. Desta forma, uma pesquisa bibliográfica e com questionário aplicado eletronicamente em maio de 2023, respondido por 122 funcionários de um dos maiores bancos do Brasil, apresenta os resultados de como os serviços estão sendo oferecidos, além dos impactos da transformação digital na estrutura interna da organização que de forma direta ou indiretamente atingem o cliente. Os resultados apresentaram também que existe impacto da governança no avanço tecnológico de 74,6 % e que há confiabilidade de 86,40% que o banco passa para o cliente na sua evolução tecnológica e no seu relacionamento com o governo, inclusive oferece serviços governamentais com a segurança de 86,9% percebida pelos clientes dos serviços oferecidos na percepção dos funcionários.
INDÚSTRIA 4.0
Authors: Ferreira José Ednaldo Zane , Teles Junior Namedin Pereira , Andrade Daniel Lima de , Aguiar Larissa da Silva
Published: February 2025

Este artigo investiga as implicações da Indústria 4.0 nos ambientes de trabalho, com foco nas contribuições da tecnologia para os postos de trabalho, visando conhecer métodos positivos de mudança de mentalidade em relação à tecnologia nesse contexto. Utilizando uma abordagem dedutiva, os resultados revelam uma transformação marcante nos ambientes de trabalho devido à implementação da Indústria 4.0. A automação e a integração de sistemas emergiram como eficazes na melhoria da eficiência operacional, resultando na redução de erros, aumento da produtividade e otimização de recursos. A introdução de tecnologias como a Internet das Coisas (IoT) possibilitou a coleta massiva de dados em tempo real, facilitando decisões embasadas em informações precisas e viabilizando a manutenção preditiva para minimizar períodos de inatividade e maximizar a disponibilidade operacional. Em relação aos aspectos humanos, observou-se uma transição nas funções desempenhadas pelos colaboradores, com tarefas repetitivas assumidas por sistemas automatizados e os trabalhadores direcionando esforços para atividades mais estratégicas e criativas, destacando a importância crescente das habilidades socioemocionais e cognitivas no ambiente profissional contemporâneo.
Proteases and Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sufian , Ahmed Faraha , Ahmad Sayeed , Khan Mohammad Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Proteases, once thought to degrade proteins solely, are now recognized as key signaling
molecules central to numerous physiological processes, including bone remodeling. Dysregulated
protease contributes to various pathological diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation,
osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. Protease targeting is now quite far along;
some small molecules are already on the market, and others are in development. Despite drugs
having been successfully developed to inhibit well-defined proteases, including angiotensin-converting
enzyme and HIV protease, designing selective inhibitors for the newly identified protease
targets is still difficult owing to problems like poor target selectivity. This review covers principles
guiding the discovery of protease drugs with a focus on recent approaches, including the use
of allosteric sites. In bone remodeling, proteases are involved in the regulation of cell surface properties
and extracellular matrix in the degradation process that is fundamental to bone mineral density
and quality. In particular, cathepsins, dipeptidyl peptidases, and caspases have become attractive
targets for the therapy of osteoporosis. Selective inhibitors are different from other drugs in
the way that they selectively inhibit bone resorption processes and do not bear on osteoblast survival
factors or bone formation. However, some inhibitors proved to be effective in increasing bone
density in osteoporotic patients, but due to side effects, they were withdrawn, highlighting the necessity
of selective inhibitors. Newer generations of selective allosteric inhibitors aiming at protease
activity would be safer and give an unexplored therapeutic angle to tackle osteoporosis without
interfering with other physiological processes.
The Effects of Antioxidant Approved Drugs and Under Investigation Compounds with Potential of Improving Sleep Disorders and their Associated
Comorbidities associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Theodosis-Nobelos Panagiotis , Varra Fani-Niki , Varras Michail , Rekka Eleni A.
Published: February 2025

Sleep disorders and the resultant sleep deprivation (SD) are very common nowadays, resulting
in depressed mood, poor memory and concentration, and various important changes in
health, performance and safety. They may provoke further impairment of the cell lining of the blood
vessels, as acting as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and progression. SD may
lead to low neuronal regaining and plasticity, drastically affecting brain function. Thus, SD is a
known risk factor for mental, behavioral and developmental disorders. Due to the inflammatory and
oxidative stressful nature of SD, immune response modulation and antioxidants could be another
therapeutic approach, apart from the already known symptomatic treatment with sedatives. Additionally,
many drugs approved for other indications and under investigation, have been revisited due
to their wide array of pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the main aspects of SD
pathology and SD interrelated comorbidities and presents direct and indirect antioxidant molecules
and drugs with multi-targeting potential that could assist in the prevention or management of these
factors. A number of research groups have investigated well-known antioxidant compounds with
multi-targeting cores, combining structural characteristics with properties including antiinflammatory,
metal chelatory, gene transcription and immune modulatory that may add towards the
effective SD and its associated comorbidities treatment.
The Role of Nrf2 in Glioma: Therapeutic Targeting Strategies
Authors: Harifi-Mood Mohammad Sadra , Alemzadeh Effat , Barati Danyal , Dehghani Amir Hossein , Siroosi Fatemeh Zahra , Aschner Michael , Samini Fariborz , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh
Published: February 2025

Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to cure due to its complexity. Gli-oma, as a neuroepithelial cancer of the glial cells, is one of the rarest malignancies which has a low survival rate. The exact risk factors of glioma are still not clear, but allergy, ionizing radiation, and hereditary factors are reported to be associated with glioma. Nrf2 as an antiox-idant regulator has been reported to be highly expressed in malignances tissues like glioma.
Nrf2 regulates the expression of various antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. In gliomas, Nrf2 activation helps tumor cells combat oxidative stress by enhancing the production of de-toxifying enzymes (e.g., glutathione peroxidase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase). This al-lows glioma cells to survive and proliferate in toxic tumor microenvironments rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Although the role of Nrf2 in the apoptosis of cancerous glial cells is not clear yet, it has been shown that Nrf2 inhibition via different methods can increase the efficiency of the chemo-therapy agents to treat glioma. Elevated Nrf2 activity has been linked to drug resistance in gliomas. The activation of Nrf2 increases the expression of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and other detoxifying enzymes, which limit the effectiveness of chemother-apeutic agents like temozolomide (TMZ). Nrf2 inhibitors can suppress the signaling pathway of Nrf2 and decrease the expression of detoxifying enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPX, and GCL, which can increase the efficiency of chemotherapy agents. Using drugs that inhibit the Nrf2 expression in combination with classical chemotherapy agents can be a promising procedure to decrease chemoresistance and be effective in increasing the survival rate of patients with glioma. In this study, we focused on the association of glioma and Nrf2 expression and its targeting as a new therapeutic approach in glioma treatment.
Groundbreaking mRNA Lung Cancer Vaccine Trials: A New Dawn in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Sultana Ayesha , Bisht Ajay Singh , Gupta Gaurav
Published: February 2025

The advent of mRNA vaccines has heralded a transformative era in oncology, exemplified by the BNT116 mRNA lung cancer vaccine. Leveraging the same ground-breaking technology as COVID-19 vaccines, BNT116 delivers tumor-specific genetic in-structions to the immune system, targeting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most prevalent lung cancer subtype. This approach contrasts with conventional therapies that lack precision and often damage healthy tissues. By encoding tumor antigens, BNT116 educates cytotoxic T cells to recognize and eradicate malignant cells, aligning with the principles of precision medicine. Early-phase clinical trials (e.g., NCT05142189) have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and promising antitumor activity, with ongoing re-search exploring its use in combination therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Despite logistical challenges, such as mRNA instability and cold chain requirements, advances in lipid nanoparticle delivery systems are enhancing vaccine stability and efficacy. The adaptability of mRNA technology positions it as a cornerstone for personalized oncology, with potential applications extending to other cancers. Success in the BNT116 trials could redefine NSCLC treatment paradigms, offering a targeted, less cytotoxic alternative. This innovation can not only improve therapeutic outcomes, but also pave the way for preven-tive cancer vaccines, signaling a new dawn in cancer treatment.
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Activates the Hedgehog Pathway by Regulating Cholesterol to Promote the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Jianwei , Qiu Shuang , Sun Yu , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Jinyu , Chen Xin , Wu Di , Li Li
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cholesterol has been shown to be a potential risk factor for the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of DHCR7 in cholesterol synthesis and its role in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway acti-vation, as well as its impact on the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods:

We analyzed the gene expression data from the GSE76275 data set by bioin-formatics analysis to determine the expression of cholesterol-related genes in triple-negative breast cancer. In the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, including BT-549 and MDA-MB-231, RNA interference gene knockout was used to evaluate the functional impact of DHCR7. In addition, the SMO mutant (SMOV329F) with anti-cholesterol binding inhibition was introduced to determine its interaction with the pathway changes mediated by DHCR7. Cell proliferation, migration, and signaling pathway activation were assessed through Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and qPCR.

Results:

DHCR7 expression was significantly elevated in TNBC tissues and cell lines, en-hancing the Hh pathway activity through cholesterol modulation. Knocking down DHCR7 and the SMOV329F mutation both reduced the expression of Hedgehog-related proteins and inhibited cell proliferation and migration abilities. However, the SMOV329F mutation re-versed the inhibitory effect of knocking down DHCR7 on TNBC cells.

Conclusion:

DHCR7 activates the Hedgehog pathway by regulating cholesterol to pro-mote the development of TNBC. These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of DHCR7 in cholesterol-related pathways and Hh signaling in TNBC cells, offering po-tential therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
Correlation of Total Lymphocyte Count, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Status, and Tuberculosis Lesions on Chest X-ray: Can TLC Be an Alternative to CD4?
Authors: Ariska Vicky Septian , Lubis Netty Delvrita , Kembaren Tambar
Published: February 2025

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often becomes a comorbidity in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-positive individuals have a 30-fold higher risk of contracting TB compared to non-HIV individuals. Assessment of HIV-TB disease progression commonly relies on measuring CD4 cell counts. However, in areas with limited access, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) ≤ 1200 cells/μL as an alternative. Additionally, chest X-rays, a widely accessible radio-logical method, aid in diagnosing TB in HIV-positive patients, complementing TLC in assessing disease progression in limited facilities.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the location and characteristics of TB lesions based on HIV status and TLC levels.

Methods:

A case-control study was conducted at Adam Malik Central Hospital on pulmonary TB patients from December 2021 to December 2022, meeting inclusion criteria. Evaluation of TB lesion locations and characteristics was performed by two researchers, while HIV status and TLC data were extracted from medical records.

Results:

The study involved 154 subjects, including 77 HIV-positive and 77 non-HIV individuals. The percentage of male participants was 81.8%, with a mean age of 43.4 ± 14.4 years. The significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibro-sis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Similarly, significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibrosis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in a patient with TLC ≤ 1200 and TLC > 1200.

Conclusion:

The study highlights significant differences in the characteristics and locations of tuberculosis lesions about HIV status and total lymphocyte count levels among pulmonary TB patients. HIV-positive individuals exhibited distinct patterns of TB lesions compared to their HIV-negative counterparts, indicating the impact of HIV on TB disease progression. Furthermore, variations in lesion characteristics were also observed based on TLC levels, with notable differences between patients with TLC ≤ 1200 cells/μL and those with TLC > 1200 cells/μL. These findings underscore the importance of considering both HIV status and TLC in the assessment and management of TB in affected individuals. TLC can serve as an alternative to CD4 measurement in situations where access to CD4 testing is limited.
Advances in Antiviral Therapies: Exploring Amphiphilic Small Molecules for Mpox Virus Treatment
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq
Published: February 2025

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus that has become a global health threat. Though vaccines for smallpox are available and used, therapeutics are scarce for Mpox, and increasing drug-resistant strains are found. Among recent advances in antiviral therapy, amphiphilic small molecules have been found, which could potentially serve as inhibitors of viral replication. This editorial describes the challenges presented by the Mpox virus as it evolves over time and delves deeper into more recent studies based on computational drug design and nano-assembly. In this regard, small amphiphilic molecules have established their potential to inhibit viral entry and replication through interaction with viral envelope proteins. This editorial also describes the current state of research into such small molecules. It underlines their promise in the potential struggle against Mpox and explores their mechanisms of action, therapeutic efficacy, and prospects for clinical application.
A Case Series of Anaesthesia Mumps - Could Drugs be the Cause?
Authors: Kapur Ajita , Sharma Munish , Hazarika Kapil
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Acute parotid gland enlargement is an extremely rare post-surgical complication.
Several etiological factors have been proposed, including preoperative dehydration, medications
that cause an increase in viscosity of glandular secretions or loss of muscle tone and retrograde
passage of air into the parotid glands, prolonged surgery, and operative position of the patient
leading to pooling of secretions of the gland.

Case Representation:

We present a series of two cases that developed bilateral enlargement of
parotid glands post-operatively. Case 1 was a 30-year-old male who underwent a Trendelenburg
operation with flush ligation and ligation of perforators for varicose veins of the right leg under
spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. Fentanyl, midazolam, bupivacaine, and ondansetron were administered
to the patient perioperatively. Case 2 was a 51-year-old female who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis under general anaesthesia. Fentanyl, midazolam, sevoflurane,
and vecuronium were administered to this patient during the surgery. Both of these cases
were managed conservatively by adequate hydration, antibiotics, and analgesics, and they recovered
completely three days following the surgery.

Conclusion:

The causative drug could not be well-established, but such cases stress that the surgeon,
anesthetist, and patients should be aware of possibility of this adverse event. Postoperative
anaesthesia mumps are usually of minimal clinical significance and resolve spontaneously with appropriate
symptomatic care.
Neuroinflammation in the Genesis of Epilepsy
Authors: Rani Rashmi , Paliwal Sarvesh , Nain Sumitra
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy is the second most typical chronic disorder, described by recurrent seizures and
uncontrolled electrical signaling from neurons in the cerebral cortex. Stimulated astrocytes, along
with microglia, promote cytokines that cause neuroinflammation, leading to a chain reaction of subsequent
steps involving neurons as well as endothelial cells along the blood-brain barrier. Inflammation
in the brain’s neural network can cause convulsions and epilepsy. The migration of albumin
proteins and the infiltration of peripheral immune cells from the serum into the brain disrupt BBB,
which, in turn, activates astrocytes and microglia, which stimulate pro-inflammatory mediators like
cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. They increase the glutamate level and
cause an influx of calcium ions, leading to the production of less GABA and a decrease in the influx
of chloride ions. These events exacerbate the inflammatory process that leads to neuronal excitability
and contribute further to the development of epilepsy. In this review, we discuss how astrocytes,
microglia, and neurons stimulate cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators that
play an essential role in the development of epilepsy. This review also explore how the permeability
of the blood-brain barrier promotes neuroinflammation and contributes to epileptogenesis. The purpose
of this review is to present knowledge on neuroinflammation so that new antiepileptic drugs
can be developed to prevent this disorder.
Neurocosmetics: Exploring the Intersection of Neuroscience and Cosmetics
Authors: Singh Astha , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , Singh Indu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Neurocosmetics is a fascinating convergence of neuroscience and cos-metics, a field unraveling the intricate connections between our brains and beauty products. This interdisciplinary domain investigates how our neurological processes influence beauty percep-tions, skincare experiences, and mental well-being. It delves into the physiological and psycho-logical aspects of beauty, shedding light on how our brains respond to cosmetic products. In this review paper, we traverse through the burgeoning realm of Neurocosmetics.

Methods:

A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following key terms: “Neurocosmetics,” “Neuroscience,” “Cosmetics,” “Beauty Perception,” and “Skin-care.” This study aimed to uncover the neurobiological foundations that underlie our perception and application of cosmetics.

Results:

Through this exploration, neurocosmetics seeks to pave the way for innovations that not only enhance physical appearance but also contribute to mental well-being, offering a holistic approach to beauty that intertwines neuroscience and skincare.

Conclusion:

This paper delves into the technological advancements in neuroimaging and neuro-sensory analysis, tools that enable a more profound comprehension of how cosmetic products stimulate our senses and neural pathways. By scrutinizing current research, the goal is to illustrate the potential of neurocosmetics in not just revolutionizing the beauty industry but also in fostering a more profound grasp of how our brains interpret and respond to cosmetic interventions and uncover the neurobiological foundations that underlie our perception and application of cosmet-ics. Through this exploration, neurocosmetics seeks to pave the way for innovations that not only enhance physical appearance but also contribute to mental well-being, offering a holistic approach to beauty that intertwines neuroscience and skincare.