bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualifying human capital in the context of socialization of the economic system of the area
Authors: SADYKOV Ramil’ M.
Published: November 2021

Subject. This article discusses the role of the employee as an object and subject of the flow of work.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the modifications of human capital and identify the main determinants and factors of these modifications.
Methods. For the study, I used logical, functional, comparative, systemic, statistical, and sociological methods.
Results. The article identifies determinants and factors of modification of human capital in the conditions of social engagement of the economic system and determines the main characteristics and sources of its development.
Conclusions. Qualitative renewal of human capital is determined primarily by changes in the nature and conditions of work, the type and characteristics of the employee, the employee’s role in the creation and accumulation of economic wealth. The human factor becomes the main source and impetus of economic and social development.
Methods and equipment for power supply of underwater vehicles
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Martynov Alexandr , Samsygin Vadim ,   SET Branch of the Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Sokolov Dmitry ,   SET Branch of the Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2021

Object and purpose of research. The object of the work is the power supply systems of submersibles. The aim is to assess the characteristics of the submersible energy supply systems and find ways to improve them. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of analytical methods and computer simulation of electromagnetic processes of the systems of energy supply of submersibles. Main results. A comparative assessment of the characteristics of the main systems of energy supply of submersibles has been carried out. New ways and devices powering submersibles, developed methods for calculating these devices. Ways to improve the power supply systems of submersibles are shown. Conclusion. The results of the research allow us to identify ways to further improve the characteristics of the power supply systems of submersibles and to speed up the process of their implementation in practice.
Treatment tactics and outcomes of complications of intrastromal MyoRing implantation and corneal crosslinking in keratoconus
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Surkova V.K. , Kazakbaeva G.М. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To analyze the nature and frequency of intra - and postoperative complications during MyoRing implantation and corneal crosslinking in patients with keratoconus and to develop methods for their treatment and prevention. Material and methods. We conducted a study of the results of MyoRing implantation in 131 patients (147 eyes) with keratoconus II-III. Corneal rings with a diameter of 5-6 mm and a thickness of 280-320 µm were implanted. PocketMaker microkeratome (Dioptex GmbH, Austria) was used to create a stromal pocket during the implantation of the ICR. The patients were divided into the control group (32 patients, 34 eyes) – using the standard ICR implantation technology and the main group (38 patients, 42 eyes) – ICR implantation using the developed tools. Results. Among the complications, intraoperatively, the eruption of the stromal pocket was noted due to the loss of vacuum during the application of the applicator in 4 cases. In the long term, after 10 and 12 months, patients underwent ICR reimplantation with a positive result. In 2 cases, the surface location of the implant led to ring extrusion, which may have been due to the thinning of the surface layers, and subsequently keratoplasty was performed on the patients. In 1 case, the patient's pronounced deposition of lamellar deposits caused dissatisfaction of a cosmetic nature. At the request of the patients, the rings were removed, and in the following terms, the patient made up for the visual defect by wearing hard contact lenses. Conclusion. A moderate number of complications indicates the relative safety of the method of intrastromal keratoplasty. The use of the proposed instruments during the operation provides a significant reduction in the frequency of complications compared to the results with the standard technique of forming a corneal tunnel. Thus, it was found that the optimized method of implantation of MyoRing intrastromal rings reduces corneal trauma, simplifies the manipulation of the ring and reduces the total operation time by 1.4 times. Key words: keratoconus, intrastromal corneal rings, MyoRing, corneal crosslinking, complications.
Сombined (anti-VEGF and laser) treatment for operated secondary refractory neovascular glaucoma
Authors:   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Gamidov A.A. , Surnina Z.V. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Andreeva I.V. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Velieva I.A. ,   Research Institute Of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To develop an optimal algorithm for the management of patients with operated neovascular uncompensated glaucoma. Material and methods. 2 patients with operated secondary neovascular glaucoma of stage III-c. In the combined sequential therapy, the anti-VEGF medication Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) was used, laser coagulation of residual newly formed vessels, laser reconstruction in the surgical area, contact transcleral cyclolazercoagulation, and laser coagulation of the peripheral parts of the retina were performed. Results. The combined sequential treatment, combined with the appointment of antihypertensive drugs in drops, allowed to stabilize the level of IOP. IOP indicators remained at the level of normal values during 1 year of follow-up. Conclusion. The use of combined laser technologies and anti-VEGF therapy makes it possible to potentiate and prolong the hypotensive effect in the treatment of patients with operated secondary refractory neovascular glaucoma. Key words: operated neovascular glaucoma, anti-VEGF, combined laser treatment.
Clinical cases of the formation of outer retinal tubulations after aflibercept injections in exudative and disciform age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   The Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan Russia, Moscow, Kurysheva N.I. ,   Diagnostic Department of the Ophthalmological Center of FMBA of Russia, Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Pererva O.A. ,   The Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan Russia, Moscow,   Diagnostic Department of the Ophthalmological Center of FMBA of Russia, Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Ivanova A.A. ,   The Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Biological University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the Federal Biophysical Center named after A.I.Burnazyan Russia, Moscow
Published: November 2021

Outer retinal tubulation (ORT) is a common finding in optical coherence tomography, which is usually associated with age-related macular degeneration. It is not clear are ORT appear as a sign of a degenerative process in the outer retinal layers or a way of photoreceptors survival. There are no data on the dynamics of ORT associated with angiogenesis inhibitors injections. This paper presents two clinical cases of dynamic observation of tubulation formation in age-related macular degeneration in the disciform scar stage and in the exudation stage after Aflibercept injections based on optical coherence tomography – angiography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Key words: оuter retinal tabs, age-related macular degeneration, angiogenesis inhibitors.
Chauffard-Still syndrome (clinical case)
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Zaynutdinova G.H. , Babushkin A.E. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Nikitin N.A. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute
Published: November 2021

The article presents a clinical case of Chauffard-Still syndrome. It is shown that for the correct etiological diagnosis of iridocyclitis in Still's syndrome, careful collection of anamnesis, the connection of the articular syndrome with uveitis and characteristic ophthalmological changes in the form of ribbon-like dystrophy of the cornea are important. Key words: Chaufard-Still syndrome, uveitis, corneal ribbon dystrophy.
Кузнечное ремесло поморов в контексте русской железообработки
Authors: В.И. Завьялов
Published: November 2021

Дальние походы поморов в районы промыслов требовали наличия разнообразного инвентаря из железа и стали. Такой инвентарь широко представлен в коллекциях из раскопок поморских поселений на архипелаге Шпицберген. В результате археометаллографического исследования серии железных изделий установлено, что поморское кузнечное ремесло находилось в русле русской железообработки XVI XVII вв. Специфику поморского кузнечного ремесла можно видеть в изготовлении особых орудий, необходимых для ведения промысла. При этом наблюдается корреляция типа поковок и технологических схем их изготовления.

Long distance expeditions of the Pomors to hunting areas required various types of gear made from iron and steel. Such implements and weapons are well represented in collections from excavations of Pomor settlements in the Spitsbergen (Svalbard) archipelago. The archaeometallographic study of a series of iron artifacts established that Pomor blacksmiths craft correlates well with the Russian ironworking trends of the 16th 17th centuries. Specific traits of the Pomor blacksmiths craft manifest themselves in production of special tools the Pomor needed to hunt animals and catch fish. At the same time correlation is established between the types of forged pieces and the sequence of production operations.
Два необычных захоронения эпохи позднего Средневековья в Бахчисарайском районе Республики Крым
Authors: С.В. Сиротин , Д.С. Богачук , А.А. Волошинов , А.А. Тарасова , Х.Х. Мустафин , И.Э. Альборова
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования двух уникальных коллективных захоронений, найденных при проведении охранно спасательных работ в Бахчисарайском районе Республики Крым в 2017 г. 2 м Бахчисарайским отрядом Крымской новостроечной экспедиции Института археологии РАН. Коллективные захоронения обезглавленных людей были совершены в южной поле кургана эпохи бронзы. Приводятся данные антропологического исследования, генетического анализа, а также результаты радиоуглеродного датирования. Датируются захоронения, по данным радиоуглеродного анализа, XIV XV вв.

The paper reports on the studies of two unique collective graves found by the 2nd Bakhchisaray team of the Crimea expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, during the rescue and salvage excavations in the Bakhchisaray district of the Republic of Crimea in 2007. Collective graves of beheaded people were made in the southern skirt of a Bronze Age kurgan. The paper contains data of an anthropological study, genetic analysis as well as radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon dates put the graves around the 14th 15th centuries.
КОМПЛЕКС ЗАХОРОНЕНИЙ ЭПОХИ ЭЛЛИНИЗМА ИЗ КУРГАННОГО НЕКРОПОЛЯ У ПОСЕЛКА КУЧУРУГЫ
Authors: С.С. Горланов , А.А. Малышев , Т.В. Мирошина
Published: November 2021

В статье вводится в научный оборот комплекс погребальных сооружений, обнаруженных в ходе археологических раскопок в 1984-1985 гг. под одной из насыпей курганной группы в 2,1 км от Азовского побережья (в 1,2 км к ЮВ от пос. Кучугуры). Незначительное количество неопределенных кальцинированных костей не позволяет интерпретировать один из объектов (погребение 1) как кремацию на месте. Остальные (3) представляли собой впущенные в материковую глину погребальные камеры с входными ямами трапециевидной формы. Объекты представляют собой единый культурно-хронологический комплекс захоронений. Бытование комплекса может быть датировано в пределах эллинистической эпохи - III-II вв. до н. э. Рассмотренные материалы, в частности, набор палестрита, обряд обол Харона , комплекс культовых терракотовых статуэток, реконструируют типичные для обширной античной ойкумены эллинские традиции. Отсутствие следов осквернения могил и предметов вооружения свидетельствует о стабильной, не омраченной военной тревогой жизни боспорских греков.

The paper introduces into scientific discourse an assemblage of funerary constructions discovered by archaeological excavations under one of the mounds of a kurgan group located 2.1 km from the coast of the Sea of Azov (1.2 km southeast of the village of Kuchugury) in 1984-1985. Indeterminate calcined bones that are few in number do not make it possible to interpret one of the finds (burial 1) as cremation in situ. The remainder three burials are secondary burial chambers with trapezoidal entry pits made in native clay. These burials form part of a single cultural and chronological assemblage of graves. The assemblage can be dated to the Hellenistic Period, i.e. the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. The examined materials, in particular, a set of palaestrite, the Charons obol rite, an assemblage of cult terracotta statuettes reconstruct Hellenistic traditions typical for the vast Ancient Greek oecumene. Absence of grave desecration signs and weaponry is an evidence of Bosporan Greeks stable life not shadowed by military concerns.
О ХОДЕ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ЦЕНТРЕ РУССКОЙ РАВНИНЫ В ЭПОХУ НЕОЛИТА
Authors: Ю.Б. Цетлин
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена анализу процесса этнокультурного развития неолитического населения лесной зоны Центра Русской равнины по данным изучения керамики как наиболее массового источника информации на памятниках этой эпохи. В статье уделено внимание истории исследования этого вопроса и по данным изучения орнаментальных традиций излагается авторское представление о ходе этих процессов.

The paper reviews the process of ethnocultural development of the Neolithic population in the Center of the Russian Plain based on the data of ceramics studies as the most frequent source of information at the sites of that time. The paper looks into the history of researching this issue and presents the authors view on these processes based on the studies of ornamental traditions.
РЕДКИЕ РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ ДРЕВНЕРУССКИХ УКРАШЕНИЙ В ВИДЕ ПТИЦ И ЗВЕРЕЙ
Authors: В. Н. Кузнецова
Published: November 2021

В российской историографии принято считать, что большинство зооморфных подвесок связано с финно-угорской традицией. Однако украшения, которые не связаны с ней, появляются к XII в. Они представляют собой образы, связанные с христианской традицией, такие как пара птиц, зайцы, львы, фантастические существа и т. д. Стилистика этих предметов напоминает композицию и орнамент зооморфных изображений в византийском и древнерусском искусстве. Подобные изображения представлены на ювелирных изделиях (колтах и браслетах), книжных миниатюрах, резьбе по камню и др.

Russian historiography regards most of the zoomorphic pendants as related with finno-ugric tradition. However, adornments that aren’t associated with it appear by the 12 century. They represent the images related with the Christian tradition, such as the pair of birds, hares, lions, fantastic creatures, etc. The stylistics of these items resembles composition and ornament of the zoomorphic images in the Byzantine and Ancient Russian art. Similar depictions are presented on the jewellery pieces (“colts” and bracelets), book miniatures, stone carving, etc.
РАСКОПКИ КУРГАННОГО МОГИЛЬНИКА СМОЛЕНКА-1 В 2016 Г.
Authors: Е. В. Салмина , А. В. Михайлов , А. Лиллак
Published: November 2021

Летом 2016 г. Археологическим центром Псковской области проводились спасательные археологические исследования курганной группы у д. Смоленка (Островский район Псковской области). Были изучены три курганные насыпи и участок межкурганного пространства. Памятник относится к культуре псковских длинных курганов и датируется VI-VII вв. Всего было открыто 12 погребений по обряду кремации: 4 погребения в сохранившемся полусферическом кургане 1, 6 погребений - в разрушенном длинном кургане 2, еще 2 погребения - в межкур-ганном пространстве (в разрушенном распашкой кургане 3 погребения не сохранились). Инвентарь погребений немногочисленен: скорлуповидная бляшка из низкопробного серебра, бронзовая проволока и стеклянная бусина, бронзовые обоймица и бляшка, головка железной костылевидной булавки. Обращает на себя внимание разнообразие деталей обрядности, зафиксированных в исследованных двенадцати погребениях.

In the summer of 2016 the Archaeological center of the Pskov region carried out a rescue archaeological research of a burial mound group near the village of Smolenka (Ostrovsky district of the Pskov region). Three burial mounds and the inter mound site were investigated. The site refers to the culture of Pskov long barrows and is dated by the 6-7 cc. All in all 12 burials by cremation rite were excavated: 4 of them were preserved in the hemispherical Burial Mound 1, 6 of them - in a destroyed Long Barrow 2, and two burials more in the inter mound space. No burial in the Mound 3 destroyed by plowing, have not preserved. The burial inventory is but a few: a plaque of silver, bronze wire and a glass blue bead, bronze «oboimitsa» and a plaque, a crown of an iron pin, fragments of iron plates etc. Noteworthy is the variety of details of the rite recorded in the studied burials.
Medieval Keys and Padlocks from Zatveretsky Suburb of Tver (Based on Excavation № 74 Materials)
Authors: А.А. МОМБЕКОВА , А.А. АНДРЕЕВ
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрена коллекция средневековых ключей и замков, происходящая из раскопок участка бывшего Затверецкого посада г. Твери. Проведена систематизация материала на основании существующих ранее разработанных типологий, а также описан редкий тип замка.

The article represents a collection of medieval keys and padlocks found during the excavation at site of non-existent nowadays Zatveretsky suburb of Tver. These fi ndings were arranged according to previously made typology and one rare padlock type was presented.
Ceramic Floor Tiles from the Excavation at Sobornaya Square in Tver (Based on Researching of 2013–2014)
Authors: И.А. САФАРОВА , Л.А. БЕЛЯЕВ , А.Н. ХОХЛОВ
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследований коллекции керамических плиток пола, полученной при раскопках на месте тверского Спасо-Преображенского собора 1285 года. Проведен анализ морфологических и технологических признаков, реконструирована технология изготовления изделий, выделены типы плиток, установлена хронология находок. Полученные результаты позволили установить отдельные этапы использования в интерьере собора керамических плиток и реконструировать их разновременные наборы. Среди обнаруженных находок удалось выделить плитки XIII в., относящиеся к дособорному деревянному храму – церкви Козьмы и Демьяна.

The report deals with research results of ceramic floor tiles collection found during the excavation at the site of non-existent nowadays Transfiguration of the Savior Cathedral built in 1285. The collection was analyzed by its morphological and technological characteristics. Tiles manufacturing technology was reconstructed and they were classified by types and according to finding chronology. These results made it possible to outline separate periods during which ceramic tiles were used as part of the Cathedral interior and reconstruct tiles sets of different periods. There were tiles of the XIII century among these findings which are related to earlier wooden Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian.
A SLAB WITH IMAGES OF HORSES FROM THE TUBA RIVER BANK (THE MIDDLE YENISEI)
Authors: О.О. Шишкина , О.С. Советова
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена характеристике изображений, нанесенных на плиту с прибрежного кряжа у реки Тубы (Средний Енисей), открытых в 1904 году А.В.Адриановым. В 1968 г. рисунки были обследованы Каменским отрядом Красноярской археологической экспедиции под руководством Я.А.Шера, а в 2017 2018 гг. участниками Тепсейского отряда кафедры археологии КемГУ. Благодаря архивным фотографиям и новым полевым материалам, удалось провести мониторинг состояния плиты, оценить ее сохранность, выявить изменения, происходившие на протяжении ста лет. К сожалению, в настоящее время часть изображений утрачена, их можно восстановить лишь по фотографии А.В.Адрианова. Авторами обозначены некоторые вопросы хронологии и семантики основных персонажей коней-ахалтекинцев. Рисунки имеют аналогии с изображениями на соседнем памятнике Оглахты и датируются ранним железным веком.

The article is devoted to the particular characteristics of images carved on a stone slab at the rock bank ridge near the Tuba river (the Middle Yenisei). It was discovered in 1904 by A. V. Adrianov. The object was recorded in 1968 by Kamensky Group of the Krasnoyarsk archaeological expedition under the guidance of Ya.A. Sher, and in 2017 2018 by the Tepsey expedition of the Archaeology department of the Kemerovo State University. Thanks to the archive photographs and new field materials, it becomes possible to monitor the state of the panel, assess its safety, identify and assess losses that have occurred over the past hundred years. Unfortunately, at present some of the images are lost and can only be recovered due to the archival data. The authors also consider some issues of chronology and semantics of the main images of the panel: the Akhal-Teke horses. They have analogies among the imagery of the neighboring Oglakhty site and are dated back to the Early Iron Age.
THE COMMON AND THE UNIQUE:THE ROCK ART OF THE WHITE SEA
Authors: Л. Яник
Published: November 2021

Основываясь на представлениях об общности и уникальности, автор статьи утверждает, что наскальное искусство Белого моря, имея много общего с наскальным искусством Северной Европы в целом, в то же время обладает уникальными качествами. Петроглифы Белого моря, которые создавались в период примерно между 5625 и 3666 лет назад представителями сообществ присвающего хозяйства, предоставляют нам возможность заглянуть в прошлое. Первыми в истории человечества эти изображения дают осязаемую информацию об охоте на морских млекопитающих с помощью гарпунов и поплавков. Кроме того, на скалах Беломорья представлены самые ранние изображения лыжников они показывают, что охота на лыжах представляла собой активный процесс перемещения в ландшафте.

By employing the concepts of commonality and uniqueness, this paper argues that the rock art the White Sea White while sharing a number of factors with other Northern Europe rock art has unique qualities. The White Sea petroglyphs were created between c. 5625 and c. 3666 years ago by food procuring communities give us a window on the past. For the first time in human history these images provide us with a tangible record of hunting for sea mammals with harpoon and float, providing early evidence for deep-sea exploitation. Furthermore, these petroglyphs provide the earliest depictions of humans on skis and show how hunting on skis took place as an active process of moving in the landscape.
Lake Peipsi in the Pskov-Livonian Frontier System of the 15 - Early 16 Century
Authors: Бессуднова М. Б.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема размежевания русско-ливонского «фронтирного» пространства в районе Чудского озера. Основными претендентами на него были Псков и Дерпт, которые обладали примерно равным потенциалом. Ливонский орден, у которого не было флота, не мог оказать Дерпту прямую помощь, но как ландсгерр Ревеля, обладавшего сильным флотом, имел возможность заставить его оказать содействие. Это нарушало баланс сил в пользу Дерпта, поскольку потенциальные союзники Пскова, Новгород и Москва, флотом на Чудском озере не располагали. В борьбе за Чудское озеро Псков использовал заселение и хозяйственно-административное освоение чудских берегов. Чтобы помешать псковичам закрепиться в прибрежных районах, Ливонский орден в ходе войны 1480-1481 гг. производил их «зачистки», а также накапливал опыт мобилизации сил Дерпта, Ревеля и ордена для проведения боевых операций с использованием озерных флотилий.

The article is concerned with the problem of delimiting the Russian-Livonian frontier space in the area of Lake Peipsi (Chudskoe). The main contenders for it were Pskov and Dorpat, who had approximately equal potential. The Livonian Order, which did not have a fleet, could not provide direct assistance to Dorpat, but as Landsherr of Reval, who possessed a strong fleet, it was able to force him to assist him. It upset the balance of power in favor of Dorpat, since the potential allies of Pskov, Novgorod and Moscow, did not have a fleet on Lake Peipsi. In the struggle for Lake Peipsi, Pskov used the settlement and economic and administrative development of the Peipsi shores. In order to prevent the Pskovians from gaining a foothold in the coastal areas, the Livonian Order during the war of 1480-1481 carried out their “clean-up”, and also gained experience in mobilizing the forces of Dorpat, Reval and the Order for conducting combat operations using lake flotillas.
Historical Geography of the Southern Uyezds of the Pskov Land in 16 - 17 Centuries (On the Example of Opochka, Velie and Vyshgorod Uyezds)
Authors: Тарасова (Харлашова) А. Б.
Published: November 2021

В статье приводятся результаты привлечения дополнительных архивных источников, на основании которых уточнялась локализация топонимов, известных по писцовым книгам. Благодаря этому автору удалось расширить топонимическую базу данных по ряду южных уездов Псковской земли, а также уточнить их внутренние и внешние границы.

The article provides the results of using additional archival sources to clarify the localization of the toponyms known from scribe books. Thanks to this author it was possible to expand the toponymic database for a number of southern uyezds of Pskov land, as well as clarify their internal and external borders.
SYNERGETICS OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES OF MULTICOMPONENT PRODUCTS
Authors: МАЙТАКОВ А.Л. , ПОПОВ А.М.
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты исследований, на основе которых разработаны критерии и проведена идентификация элементов систем среды, производимых пищевых продуктов и технологических блоков. Разработана новая концепция технологической подготовки процессов формирования функциональных физико-химических и физико-механических свойств полидисперсного продукта. Обоснована методология реализации и оптимизации технологического блока с идентификацией элементов операционной среды и объектов изображений, технологического воздействия. Установлена взаимосвязь качественных показателей функциональных элементов, среды эксплуатации и технологических воздействий; показаны алгоритм и рабочие программы информационной модели технологического блока и методология ее синтеза.

Presents the results of studies on the basis of which criteria were developed and identification of elements of environmental systems, manufactured food products and technological blocks was carried out; a new concept of technological preparation of the processes of formation of functional physics-chemical and physical-mechanical properties of a polydispersity product was developed. The methodology of realization and optimization of the technological block with identification of elements of the environment of operation and objects of images, technological influence is proved. The interrelation of high-quality indicators of functional elements, operational environment and technological influences is established, an algorithm and working programs of model of information technologies and methodology of her synthesis are shown.
Pengaruh Penambahan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Spirulina sp
Authors: Muhardi Muhardi , Prayitno Dwi Imam , Warsidah Warsidah
Published: November 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh penambahan asap cair termpurung kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan Spirulina sp. Penelitian ini divariasikan dalam 3 perlakuan media yaitu perlakuan A (media f/2 Guillard), perlakuan B (media campuran f/2 Guillard + asap cair) dan perlakuan C (media asap cair). Ketiga perlakuan berada pada kondisi lingkungan dengan suhu 29-30 ⁰C, salinitas 20 ‰, pH 8 dan intensitas cahaya 3000 lux. Pengukuran pertumbuhan Spirulina sp dilakukan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Shimadzu UV 1280. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B yaitu media campuran f/2 Guillard dan asap cair menghasilkan pertumbuhan paling optimal dengan koefisien laju pertumbuhan tertinggi sebesar 0,238/hari, diikuti perlakuan C sebesar 0,176/hari dan perlakuan A sebesar 0,139/hari. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa asap cair tidak hanya digunakan sebagai biosida namun dapat digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan.
Elucidating the role of CO in NO storage mechanism on Pd/SSZ-13 with in situ DRIFTS
Authors: Song Inhak , Khivantsev Konstantin , Wang Yong , Szanyi Janos
Published: November 2021

Pd ion exchanged zeolites emerged as promising materials for the adsorption and oxidation of air pollutants. For low-temperature vehicle exhaust, dispersed Pd ions are able to adsorb NOx even in H2O-rich exhaust in the presence of carbon monoxide. In order to understand this phenomenon, changes in Pd ligand environment have to be monitored in-situ. Herein, we directly observe the activation of hydrated Pd ion shielded by H2O into a carbonyl-nitrosyl complex Pd2+(NO)(CO) in SSZ-13 zeolite. The subsequent thermal desorption of ligands on Pd2+(NO)(CO) complex proceeds to nitrosyl Pd2+ rather than to carbonyl Pd2+ under various conditions. Thus, CO molecules act as additional ligands to provide alternative pathway through Pd2+(NO)(CO) complex with lower energy barrier for accelerating NO adsorption on hydrated Pd2+ ion, which is kinetically limited in the absence of CO. We further demonstrate that hydration of Pd ions in the zeolite is a prerequisite for CO-induced reduction of Pd ions to metallic Pd. The reduction of Pd ions by CO is limited under dry conditions even at a high temperature of 500°C, while water makes it possible at near RT. However, the primary NO adsorption sites are Pd2+ ions even in gases containing CO and water. These findings clarify additional mechanistic aspects of the passive NOx adsorption (PNA) process and will help extend the NOx adsorption chemistry in zeolite-based adsorbers to practical applications.
Multiplexed Conformationally-Selective, Localized Gas-Phase Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange of Protein Ions Enabled by Transmission-Mode Electron Capture Dissociation
Authors: Chaturvedi Ritu , Webb Ian
Published: November 2021

In this article, we present an approach for conformationally multiplexed localized hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) of gas-phase protein ions facilitated by ion mobility (IM) followed by electron capture dissociation (ECD). A quadrupole-ion mobility-time of flight instrument previously modified to enable ECD in transmission mode (without ion trapping) immediately following a mobility separation was further modified to allow for deuterated ammonia (ND3) to be leaked in after m/z selection. Collisional activation was minimized to prevent deuterium scrambling from giving structurally irrelevant results. This arrangement was demonstrated with the extensively studied protein folding models ubiquitin and cytochrome c. Ubiquitin was ionized from conditions that stabilize the native state and conditions that stabilize the partially-folded A-state. IM of deuterated ubiquitin 6+ ions allowed the separation of more compact conformers from more extended conformers. ECD of the separated subpopulations revealed that the more extended (later arriving) conformers had significant, localized differences in the amount of HDX observed. The 5+ charge state showed greater protection against HDX than the compact 6+ conformer, and the 11+ charge state, ionized from conditions that stabilize the A-state, showed much greater deuterium incorporation. The 7+ ions of cytochrome c ionized from aqueous conditions showed greater HDX with exterior and more unstructured regions of the protein, while interior, structured regions, especially those involved in heme binding, were more protected against exchange. These results, as well as potential future methods and experiments, are discussed herein.
Solvent-structured PEDOT:PSS surfaces: fabrication strategies and nanoscale properties
Authors: Sanviti Matteo , Mester Lars , Hillenbrand Rainer , Alegria Angel , Martinez-Tong Daniel E.
Published: November 2021

We present the preparation of nanostructured conducting PEDOT:PSS thin films by solvent vapor annealing (SVA), using the low boiling point solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). An Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) study allowed the observation of distinct nanostructure development as a function of solvent exposure time. Moreover, the nanostructures’ physical properties were evaluated by nanomechanical, nanoelectrical, and nano-FTIR measurements. In this way, we were able to differentiate the local response of the developed phases and to identify their chemical nature. The combination of these techniques allowed to demonstrate that exposure to THF is a facile method to effectively and selectively modify the surface nanostructure of PEDOT:PSS, and thereafter its final properties. Moreover, our nanoscale studies provided evidence about the molecular rearrangements that PEDOT:PSS suffers during nanostructure fabrication, a fundamental fact in order to expand the potential applications of this polymer in thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices.
Effects of fluoride salt addition to the physico-chemical properties of the MgCl2-NaCl-KCl heat transfer fluid : a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhou Weiguang , Zhang Yanping , Salanne Mathieu
Published: November 2021

Concentrated solar plants are promising solutions for electricity production. In these plants, the heat transfer fluid plays an important role, and finding systems with good thermal properties is very important. In this regard, molten salts, and more particularly molten chlorides, are currently investigated. Experimental studies of these melts are difficult and expensive, so complementing them with simulations would allow to test a wider range of compositions. In this work, we show that classical molecular dynamics simulations are suitable for predicting the properties of a ternary salt composed of MgCl2, KCl and NaCl by extensive comparisons with experimental data (and previous simulations) on the density, heat capacity, viscosity and thermal conductivity. We then study the effect of adding fluoride ions in the melt on these properties in order to investigate the suitability of mixed chlorides-fluorides for future heat transfer fluids studies.
Direct SN2 or SN2X Manifold – Mechanistic Study of Ion-Pair Catalyzed Carbon(sp3)-Carbon(sp3) Bond Formation
Authors: Lee Richmond , Chao Chi Bong Eric , Ban Xu , Tan Siu Min , Yu Haibo , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Tan Choon-Hong
Published: November 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) is used in this work to predict the mechanism for constructing congested quaternary-quaternary carbon(sp3)–carbon(sp3) bonds in a pentanidium catalyzed substitution reaction. Computational mechanistic studies were carried out to investigate the proposed SN2X manifold, which consists of two primary elementary steps: halogen atom transfer (XAT) and subsequent SN2. For the first calculated model on original experimental substrates, XAT reaction barriers were more kinetically competitive than an SN2 pathway and connects to thermodynamically stable intermediates. Extensive computational screening-modelling were then done on various substrate combinations designed to study steric influence and to understand the mechanistic rationale, and calculations reveal that sterically congested substrates prefer the SN2X manifold over SN2. Different halides as leaving groups were also screened and it was found that the reactivity increases in order of Br > Cl > F in agreement of the strength of C–X bonds. However, DFT modelling suggests that chlorides can be a viable substrate for the SN2X process which should be further explored experimentally. Finally, ONIOM calculations on the full catalyst model were carried out to rationalize the stereoselectivity which corroborates with experimental results.
Switchable radical carbonylation by polarity-regulation
Authors: Lu Bin , Qi Xiaotian , Xiao Wen-Jing , Chen Jia-Rong
Published: November 2021

Carbonylation reactions involving CO as readily available C1 synthons have become one of the most important tools for construction of carbonyl compounds from feedstock chemicals in modern chemical synthesis. Whereas numerous catalytic methods for carbonylation reactions proceeding via ionic or radical pathways have been reported, an inherent limitation to these methods is the need to control switchable single and double carbonylative formation of value-added products from the same and simple starting materials. Here we describe a new strategy that exploits simple visible-light-driven photoredox catalysis to regulate the polarity of coupling partners to drive switchable radical carbonylation reactions. Controlled trap of various alkyl radicals by single or double CO thereby proceed smoothly with excellent selectivity in the presence of various amine nucleophiles at room temperature, generating valuable amides and α-ketoamides in a versatile and controlled fashion. Combined experimental and DFT computational studies suggest that trap of the initially formed acyl radical by the second molecule of CO to form α-ketoacyl radical is a facile but reversible process; and photoredox-catalyzed SET oxidation of natural nucleophilic amines into relatively electrophilic nitrogen radical cations is responsible for switchable coupling with such two radical intermediates.
Dramatic improvement of NO reduction activity via reversible re-dispersion of CeO2 nanoparticles into Ce+3 atoms on alumina under high temperature reactive treatment
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Pham Hien , Engelhard Mark , Li Xiaohong , Tian Jinshu , Wei Xinyi , Sun Yipeng , Tran Pascaline , Graham Trent , Jiang Dong , Szanyi Janos , Datye Abhaya , Wang Yong
Published: November 2021

Ceria nanoparticles supported on gamma-alumina prepared via wet impregnation and sourced commercially have low activity for industrially relevant NO reduction by CO in the presence of steam. These supports contain ceria nanoparticles as well as small (~1%) amount of Ce atomically dispersed and anchored by penta-Al sites. We discovered that treatment of these catalysts at temperatures ~750-950 ºC under the flow of CO and NO in the presence of steam, which typically leads to catalyst deterioration and sintering, in fact, leads to dispersion of ceria nanoparticles into isolated Ce+3 atoms. We extensively characterize them with XPS, FTIR and HAADF-STEM imaging. Their presence changes the alumina surface, as evidenced by XPS and FTIR with probe molecules. Ce+3 ions show dramatically enhanced NO reduction ability in the presence of CO and steam. Infra-red studies reveal close interaction of NO molecules on Ce+3/Alumina surfaces with the formation of N2O species. Heating these samples in oxygen (in wet or dry streams) at 800 ºC and above leads to coalescence of Ce+3 into CeO2 nanoparticles, resulting in reversible loss of activity. Further, reactive treatment of CeO2/Al2O3 under high temperature reaction conditions restores Ce+3 cations as well as catalytic activity. Our study shows reversible redispersion of ceria into isolated Ce+3 cations under conditions where typical catalyst sintering is generally assumed to occur and suggests a pathway to utilize these materials as supports for more effective catalysis. Indeed, supporting only 0.1-0.5 wt% Rh on these CeAl supports, shows synergies between Rh and atomically dispersed Ce ions with excellent activity and stability for NO reduction with CO.
Bike your City: Planning and Designing Cycling Infrastructure in the Urban Environment
Authors:   , Jiang Jack J.
Published: November 2021

Cycling is a memory of the past for most of us, the lack of support from the authorities on the cycling infrastructure made it difficult to attract people to cycle in the city. Urban sprawl, traffic congestion, car dependency, environmental pollution and public health concerns have pressured cities around the world to consider reintegrating cycling into the urban environment.  Design as a research method was utilised to investigate the effectiveness of design methodology and workflow for cycling infrastructure from an architecture and design perspective. Using Wellington City as a design case study, this research aimed to improve the legibility, usability and the image of cycling as a mode of transport in the city. To achieve this, a customisable graphical design framework and branding strategies were developed to structure and organise the design components within cycling infrastructure. The findings from the iterative design processes were visualised through the appropriate architectural and presentation conventions.  This research provided an unique architectural perspectives on the issues of cycling infrastructure; the results would support the transportation advisers and urban planners to further the development and integration of cycling, as a viable mode of transport, within the city.
Private Tastes and Public Desires: Exploring the Perspectives and Practices of Private Collectors who Share their Collections Publicly
Authors:   , Griffin Kiri
Published: November 2021

Private collectors who share their collections publicly provide a valuable service to the public. They collect and provide access to cultural heritage materials just as public institutions such as museums and galleries within the heritage sector do. While there is a wealth of literature that discusses the significance of publicly funded heritage institutions to the heritage sector there is an absence of literature that explores the private collector’s relationship to the heritage sector from their perspective. Literature on private collectors has tended to privilege the perspectives of publicly funded heritage institutions, affirming these institutions as the best place for the care and access to heritage collections. None of this literature or research has considered the private collector’s perspective as a means to better understand their collecting activities or their position in relation to the heritage sector. This thesis places the private collector at the centre of enquiry. It explores the private collector’s position in relation to the heritage sector through examining their perceptions and collecting practices relative to publicly funded heritage institutions. Audiovisual interviews were conducted with eight private collectors to achieve this aim. Verbal and observational data captured through this method was analyzed and considered in relation to existing literature regarding the values and practices of public heritage institutions, as well as sociological theories of agency. Findings showed that there is a shared ethos between the private collector and the publicly funded heritage institution. This ethos is founded on common values and collecting practices. Findings also reveal that the individual agency of the private collector offers them autonomy in their collecting activities. This autonomy causes them to enact their collecting practices in accordance with their own subjective tastes. These tastes distinguish the private collector and their collecting practices from publicly funded heritage institutions and assist in identifying the private collector’s position in relation to the heritage sector. This research contributes to a canon of international and national research into private collectors and evaluative judgments regarding collecting. It enhances the publicly funded heritage institutions potential to collaborate with private collectors through providing a deeper understanding of their perspectives and practices.
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - Domain Name Disputes: Is Private Dispute Resolution Working?
Authors:   , Liddicoat Joy Jennifer
Published: November 2021

InternetNZ has responsibility for management of the .nz domain name space. This dissertation examines InternetNZ's development and implementation of the Dispute Resolution Service Policy (the DRS). The DRS, which is being reviewed in 2010, provides a substantive legal test for unfair registration of a domain name and a dispute resolution process. This dissertation asks whether the DRS is working effectively and, if so, what this reveals about the operation of the Internet in New Zealand. The dissertation shows that the DRS is a low cost, high quality alternative to litigation and is being run in a pragmatic but principled way by InternetNZ. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for minor improvements. The dissertation concludes with a call for more participation in, and critique of, Internet policy developments given the important human rights issues that can arise and the significance of the Internet in New Zealand today.
No soul to damn? Revisiting the case for corporate manslaughter in New Zealand
Authors:   , Spence Mitchell
Published: November 2021

Currently a corporation cannot be convicted of manslaughter in New Zealand. Increasingly, this distinction demarcated between individuals and corporations seems out of touch, particularly in light of legislation passed in cognate jurisdictions and the ascendance of a plethora of industrial disasters both in New Zealand and abroad.  Taking as its focus the Report of the Independent Taskforce on Workplace Health and Safety (2013), this paper contemplates the above issues, concluding that the offence’s alignment with fundamental criminal law principles makes a strong case for its introduction in New Zealand. Consideration is also given to the format and rules of attribution that should accompany a resolve to prosecute corporate manslaughter, finding that a more comprehensive discussion, going beyond the recommendations of the Taskforce, is necessary before any legislation is settled on.
Application Strategies of Digital Technology in the Teaching of Interior Design
Authors: She Linzi
Published: November 2021

With the rapid development and progress of science and technology, computer information technology is widely used by all walks of life and it involves all aspects in life. In recent years, with the advent of the information age, it has brought certain development opportunities to the teaching of interior design in China. Digital technology has been introduced into the teaching of interior design, thus changing the original teaching mode and content, in order to improve the teaching quality and efficiency of the interior design specialty. This article mainly analyzes the application and advantages of digital technology in the teaching of interior design, and suggests application strategies in this context, hoping to provide reference to relevant personnel.
Exploration and Practice of the Reform of Postgraduate Award System – Taking Wuhan University of Science and Technology as an Example
Authors: Fang Hongming , Lu Shaowei , Yan Shuang , Wang Shijie , Zhao Lei , Zuo Xiaohua , Jin Hui
Published: November 2021

China began to implement the charging policy for postgraduate students in 2014. Various universities at all levels have formulated a scholarship and stipend system for postgraduate students, which is in line with the needs of schools in talent training along with the spirit of relevant documents of the Ministry of Education and the actual situation of the schools. This study investigates and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the postgraduate funding by Wuhan University of Science and Technology. This article then provides advice for the reform of the scholarship and stipend system from improving the precision funding system, to increasing funding, to expanding the scope of postgraduate funding, and standardizing the treatment of deferred postgraduate students in hope that it would provide a basis for the funding system and provide guarantee for postgraduate students to complete their studies successfully.