bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential use of low-NDGA Larrea divaricata extracts as antioxidant in foods
Authors: Turner Sebastian Turner , Davicino Roberto , Alonso Rosario , Ferraro Graciela , Filip Rosana , Anesini Claudia
Published: July 2014

Larrea divaricata Cav. is widely distributed in Argentina. Aqueous extract, of its leaves, has documented antitumoral and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract and a component, nordihydroguaiaretic acid was determined and compared using different assays. Both the aqueous extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid exhibited antioxidant activity. However, results show that it is very likely that compounds other than nordihydroguaiaretic acid could be involved in the antioxidant activity of the extract. Since nordihydroguaiaretic acid is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic agent, it is important to direct efforts toward the potential use of low-nordihydroguaiaretic acid L. divaricata extracts as antioxidant in foods.
Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en los alrededores del abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Perú)
Authors: Cano Asunción , Delgado Amalia , Mendoza Wilfredo , Trinidad Huber , Gonzáles Paúl , La Torre María I. , Chanco Magda , Aponte Héctor , Roque José , Valencia Niels , Navarro Eduardo
Published: July 2014

around Abra Apacheta, in Cangallo (Ayacucho) and Huaytara (Huancavelica) Provinces. The aims of this study were: to study vascular floristic composition of High Andes (over 4500 m of altitude) and characterize highland vegetation. There were used conventional techniques for botanical collection and vegetation coverage measurements by intersection-line transects and Point Quadrat modifyed method. There were registered 134 species of vascular plants (Pteridophytes, Gymnospems, Eudicots and Monocots) grouped in 60 genera and 23 families. Eudicots were the dominant group with 74% of the total registered, 82% in genera and 77% in species; followed by Monocots with 13%, 13% and 21% in the previous categories. Monilophytes (ferns) were poorly represented by two families (9%), two genera (3%) and two species (1%); while Gymnosperms only registered one specie (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). By the quantitative analysis three types of plant communities associated to cryoturbated soils were characterized, we also report two types of associated vegetation: grasslands and rocky areas.
Vegetative adaptability of the Peruvian palm Astrocaryum perangustatum to deforestation
Authors: Aponte Héctor , Kahn Francis , Millán Betty
Published: July 2014

Variation in vegetative morphology of the palm Astrocaryum perangustatum as a response to deforestation was evaluated from a sample of 60 individuals (30 in forest and 30 in pasture) located in the Pozuzo region of Pasco, Peru. Several parameters are significantly different between palms growing in the forest understory and those growing in pasture. These include: number of leaves in the crown, length of the stem, of the leaves, length and width of proximal pinnae, width of medial pinnae, size of spines in adult palms, and number and length of leaves in seedlings. Variation in vegetative morphology of Astrocaryum perangustatum between forest and pasture is discussed in relation to environmental conditions. Morphological variability in the Pozuzo region is compared with that obtained from herbarium vouchers collected throughout the distribution area of the species.
Divergencia intraespecífica y código de barras de ADN en Systrophia helicycloides (Gastropoda, Scolodontidae)
Authors: Romero Pedro , Ramírez Rina
Published: July 2014

DNA barcoding analysis is based on the comparison of genetic distances to identify species using a segment of Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) gene. Species identification through DNA barcoding challenges problems in groups with high genetic diversity as molluscs. Thus, our aim was to estimate intraspecific divergence in the Amazonian land snail Systrophia helicycloides (Gastropoda, Scolodontidae) and evaluate the use of DNA barcoding in molecular identification of this land snail. Nucleotide sequences were compared with Genbank and BOLD (Barcode of Life Data Systems) databases. We conducted distance analyses using the Neighbour Joining method. Systrophia helicycloides showed two groups of haplotypes and intraspecific genetic distances higher than 4%. We observed an overlap between intraspecific and interspecific distances. The high divergence may be related to rapid mutation rate in the snail mitochondrial genome, to population distribution that influences genetic isolation and differentiation, and to ancestral DNA polymorphisms. COI profiles uploaded in BOLD are the first records of this species and can identify Systrophia helcycloides from other species. These profiles corroborated the high variation in the land snail genome. Therefore, species identification in this group needs a combined analysis of genetic distances, informative sites, and conventional taxonomy.
Coleópteros coprófagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabeinae) de la Reserva Nacional Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Perú
Authors: Figueroa Luis , Alvarado Mabel
Published: July 2014

This study reports the species of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) collected in Tambopata National Reserve in 2009. A total of 38 species and 874 individuals were collected. The tribe Canthonini showed the highest diversity and abundance. Coprophagy is clearly preferred over necrophagy by the dung beetle fauna in the area. A comparison of the species collected during the rainy and dry seasons is presented.
Detailed assessment of the distribution of Astrocaryum sect. Huicungo (Arecaceae) in Peru
Authors: Kahn Francis , Millán Betty , Pintaud Jean-Christophe , Machahua Miguel
Published: July 2014

Detailed distribution of Astrocaryum sect. Huicungo (Arecaceae) in Peru is presented and discussed. Twelve out of the 15 species that compose this section are found in the Peruvian territory from North to South in the eastern Andean foothills and western Amazonian lowlands. All these species have a parapatric distribution, except for Astrocaryum macrocalyx and A. urostachys, which share a very limited area. Limits of distribution areas may be related to geographical, geomorphological and ecological barriers (river, geological rising, soil drainage). In some cases, however, the contact between species is almost contiguous; no natural barrier could be detected in the field.
Desarrollo reproductivo del “amancay” Ismene amancaes (Amaryllidaceae) en su ambiente natural
Authors: Suni Mery L. , Pascual Edisson , Jara Enoc
Published: July 2014

Ismene amancaes “amancay” is a bulbose species typical of the central coast vegetation of Peru called “lomas”. This species sprouts in June during the beginning of the winter-fog period. It has large yellow, aromatic flowers valued for their ornamental value. Our goal was to examine the reproductive development of Ismene amancaes in its natural environment, and we recorded monthly observations during a yearlong study. Observations of the interior of the bulbs allowed recording of the beginning of floral bud formation and development, relating them to leaf formation and edaphic humidity. We found that the first floral buds develop the year before their emergence in December, reaching a maximum number of floral buds in February, during the Summer. Floral bud differentiation starts after leaves that will emerge the following year have developed. This occurs during a period of maximum decrease in edaphic humidity and an increase in air temperature (November). The inflorescence is the only branching that develops while the apical bud continues developing leaves. In June, the small inflorescence reaches the neck of the bulb and surpasses it followed by those leaves developed before the inflorescence that surround both the inflorescence and the apical foliar bud. The foliar bud will continue its development, and in July two of the leaves expand, while the smaller ones remain inside the bulb until the following year’s Lomas season. It can be noted that the reproductive success of Ismene amancaes in its initial development depends on the photoreserves accumulated in the bulb the previous growth period.
Nueva especie de Mediorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Gigantorhynchidae) en Turdus chiguanco (Turdidae) de Junín, Perú
Authors: Moya Rocío , Martínez Rosa , Tantaleán Manuel
Published: July 2014

A new species of Mediorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Gigantorhynchidae) is described based on 36 specimens collected from 4 individuals of Turdus chiguanco (Lafresnaye & D’Orbigny, 1837). The birds were captured in the district of Muqui, Jauja Province, Junín, Peru. The new species, Mediorhynchus peruensis is characterized by the armature of the proboscis and lemnisci length extending to the middle or back of the anterior testis in the male and to the middle front of the body in the female.
Análisis de las vocalizaciones del murciélago longirrostro peruano Platalina genovensium Thomas, 1928 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Malo de Molina Juan A. , Velazco Sandra , Pacheco Víctor , Robledo Juan Carlos
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the first data on vocalizations of the Long-snouted Bat Platalina genovensium. It is also the first published study on ultrasound analysis of any bat from Peru. The recordings of vocalizations were obtained from flying bats while in their roosts. These roosts were found in two locations near the city of Lima. Each echolocation call was composed of FM fast pulses of 1.30 ms of extremely low intensity (-10 to -35 dB one m away from the recording device), in sequences of 12.90 pulses per second, with 28.58 kHz bandwidth in average, discontinuous, average interpulse of 67.56 ms, and an energy peak in 89.21 kHz. The pulses present a harmonic above 190 kHz. Both, Discrete Fourier Transform and Analysis of the Energy Distribution in frequency bands were used to obtain a predictive equation. This equation is able to predict duration call for 70-80 kHz, 90-100 kHz, and 110-120 kHz energy frequency bands. So, if 110-120 kHz frequency band increases 4%, then duration call decreases 0.2 ms, whereas if 70-80 y 90-100 kHz frequency band increases, then duration call also does it in 0.1 ms. This equation can be used to identify and monitor this species. It also allows us to determine how P. genovensium adapts its energy frequency bands in order to avoid overlap between pulse and echoes.
Efecto de los metales sobre microcrustáceos de agua dulce. Avances metodológicos y potencialidad de cladóceros y copépodos como organismos test
Authors: Gutierrez María Florencia , Gagneten Ana María
Published: July 2014

The increase of metals in fresh water systems due to anthropogenic activities cause important alterations on the biota. The present review analyze the adverse effects of various metals of ecotoxicological relevance on microcrustaceans zooplankton species (cladocerans and copepods), the experimental advances and the advantages of each group as test organisms. In general, the need to obtain more sensitive and representative indicators than the tradicional ones leads to subchronic, interespecific and multigenerational studies. Additionally, the analysis of mixtures as well as their indirect effects allows to acquire more integral knowledges of the impact of contaminants. The toxic effects are different, depending on the nature of metals, the physicochemical characteristics of the water, exposutre time and genetic traits. However, most works are focused on few species, leading vacant areas on the knowledge of the representatives of every particular region. Despite some cladocerans and copepods atributes make them good bioindicators (size, morphology and ecological role), differences of development, reproduction and perpetuation strategies bring advantages to one group on another.
Degradación de tiocianato por hongos aislados de ambientes mineros y evaluación de su capacidad degradativa
Authors: Medina Susan , Torres Marisela , Durán Yerson , Ramírez Rina , Herrera Juan , Ramírez Pablo
Published: July 2014

used in gold production this compound is very toxic especially for environment, by nature reaction with sulfur it converts into thiocyanate (-SCN). In this paper, we isolate -SCN degrading fungus from Junin and Tumbes mining zones. Strains were assayed on 5 to 600 mM -SCN concentration, at least thiocyanate degrading kinetic was assayed at 1.2 g.L-1 of KSCN initial concentration, then the best strains had been morphological, biochemical and molecular identified using ITS RNA molecular marker. From 58 isolated fungus we found 4 unparfait funguses with a great thiocyanate degrading capacity those strains could be used for bioremediation processes. Thiocyanate degrading capacity of these strains was 50 g.L-1 on plate into 72 hours and their average capacity was 10.05 mg.L-1 -SCN with an standard velocity of -SCN degradation of 28.77 mg.L-1.h-1. Two strains were molecular identified as Fusarium trincictum by using ITS rDNA gene.
Decrease in spermatic parameters of mice treated with hydroalcoholic extract Tropaeolum tuberosum “mashua”
Authors: Vásquez Jonathan H. , Gonzáles José M. , Pino José L.
Published: July 2014

In this work, we provided a Tropaeolum tuberosum hydroalcoholic extract to male mice (780 mg kg-1) for 7, 14 and 21 days treatment, there was no significant difference in body weight gain, testes, epididymides and prostate weight (p> 0.05), nevertheless progressive motility decreased and immobile sperm count increased significantly after 21 days treatment (p <0.05). The sperm count in the epididymis cauda decreased in the 3 three assessments, concentration on 21 days treatment was significantly lower than those of 7 and 14 days treatments (p <0.05). Our results suggest, that T. tuberosum has a direct action on the male reproductive system decreasing spermatic parameters without exerting toxic effects on mice.
Tipos y formas de ambientes de dormir de majás (Cuniculus paca) en la cuenca alta del río Itaya
Authors: Aquino Rolando , Meléndez Gendrick , Pezo Etersit , Gil Deyber
Published: July 2014

This report deals with paca sleeping dens (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766). The study was conducted between August 2006 and April 2007 and is based on detailed observations. Results indicate that this rodent uses holes in the ground or in fallen trees as sleeping dens. Each of these sleeping dens had two or more orifices and an internal cavity for the "diurnal sleep”. Typically, one orifice was for common use and the rest for the circumstantial escape. According to their form, their localization in the ground, and the number and location of orifices, sleeping dens were classified into four types, of which type A was the most common. The results also indicate a greater concentration of sleeping dens in temporary flooded gallery forest.
Flora vascular de las lomas de Villa María y Amancaes, Lima, Perú
Authors: Trinidad Huber , Huamán-Melo Elluz , Delgado Amalia , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

This paper reports the inventory of vascular flora of Villa Maria and Amancaes Lomas, Lima, Peru. The expeditions for inventorying both locations were conducted in September and October 2011. We registered 121 species in both localities, belonging to 99 genera and 41 families. The most diverse families were Asteraceae and Boraginaceae with 17 and 8 species respectively. Villa Maria lomas 112 species in 99 genera and 39 families were registered, of which 20 are endemic. Villa Maria lomas is one of the most diverse lomas in Lima after Lachay and Carabayllo. In Amancaes lomas, 51 species in 43 genera and 28 families were registered, of which 9 are endemic. The low number of species in Amancaes lomas is due to the reduction of the area occupied, caused by urban growth. In both localities, the vegetation is predominantly herbaceous, with 77% of the species in Villa Maria and 86% in Amancaes. Both lomas are having a high impact by the urban expansion, which has reduced their area size and contributed to their pollution, mainly with solid waste.
Composición florística del hábitat de la cortarrama peruana (Phytotoma raimondii)
Authors: Romo Mónica , Rosina Mario
Published: July 2014

Through of the analysis of the floristic composition of 16 plots of half an hectare in 12 sites where the Phyto-toma raimondii, Peruvian plantcutter exists, we found that richness and diversity of plants are not related to the abundance of the bird, neither the abundance of any of the 7 species used as food or for nestting, except the algarrobo (Prosopis pallida). The most frequent species in the 12 sites were algarroboProsopis pallida(92% of the sites), vichayoCapparis ovalifolia(67%), canutilloGrabowskia boerhaviifolia(58%), sapoteCapparis scabrida(58%) and realengoMaytenus octogona(25%). Besides algarrobo, canutillo seem to be a key species because in the plots where only three species occurred, those two were present. In the plots where canutillo was present, realengo did not more than expected statistically. It is alarming the decrease and few places or habitats for the occurrence and reproduction of the Peruvian plantcutter, a species considered in danger of extinction.
Weddellian marine/coastal vertebrates diversity from a basal horizon (Ypresian, Eocene) of the Cucullaea I Allomember, La Meseta formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctica
Authors: Reguero Marcelo A. , Marenssi Sergio A. , Santillana Sergio N.
Published: July 2014

The La Meseta Formation crops out in Seymour/Marambio Island, Weddell Sea, northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula and contains one of the world's most diverse assemblages of Weddellian marine/coastal verte-brates of Early Eocene (Ypresian) age. The La Meseta Formation is composed of poorly consolidated, marine sandstones and siltstones which were deposited in a coastal, deltaic and/or estuarine environment. It includes marine invertebrates and vertebrates as well as terrestrial vertebrates and plants. The highly fossiliferous basal horizon (Cucullaeashell bed, Telm 4 of Sadler 1988) of the CucullaeaI Allomember is a laterally extensive shell bed with sandy matrix. The fish remains, including 35 species from 26 families, of the Ypresian Cucullaeabed represent one of the most abundant and diverse fossil vertebrate faunas yet recorded in southern latitudes. Stratigraphic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of the Weddellian sphenisciforms are consistent with a first radiation of this group in the Early Eocene. The first inquestionable archaeocete from Antarctica is recorded in this unit and is referred to a new taxon.
Fauna helmintológica peruana: Paryphostomum huaccaci sp. n. (Echinostomotidoe) parásito de Cathartes aura jota Molino, 1782
Authors: Ibáñez H. Nicanor
Published: July 2014

Es motivo de la presente nota, contribuir al conocimiento de un trematodo: Paryphostomum huaccaci sp. n. perteneciente o la Familia Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926 y que parásita a Cathartes aura jota Molina, 1782.
Foraminíferos del litoral del departamento de Lima
Authors: Verano M. Raúl
Published: July 2014

En el presente trabajo se describen 6 géneros y 7 especies de foraminíferos, provenientes de 80 muestras de areno o lo largo del litoral del Departamento de Lima. Todos ellos representan un nuevo registro para la costa peruana.
Monoecocestus parcitesticulatus Rego, 1960 (Anoplocephalidae) un nuevo cestodo para el Perú.
Authors: Naupay Asucena , Tantaleán V. Manuel , Rojas C. Marcelo
Published: July 2014

En 1970 Tió Y Guerrero, al estudiar los parásitos de Cavia aperea Erxl de las localidades de Canas y Canchis, en el Cuzco, Perú, encontraron que el 28 % de ellos estaban parasitados con Monoecocestus sp. cestodo Anoplocephalideo.
Adiciones a las algas de agua dulce de las cascadas de Barranco
Authors: Acleto O. César
Published: July 2014

En el presente trabajo se describen 13 especies de algas de agua dulce, colectadas en las Cascadas de Barranco, Departamento de Lima. Las especies estudiadas constituyen nuevos registros para la zona y 8 de ellas lo son para la flora peruana.
Aislamiento de enterobacterias en algunos moluscos del mar peruano
Authors: Taboada P. Dora A. , Russac Haydée , Ramos de Ormachea Carolina
Published: July 2014

En este trabajo se da a conocer el resultado de un estudio bacteriológico en 5 especies de moluscos que se utilizan en la alimentación humana, ellos fueron: Aulacomya ater, Gari sp., Mesodesma donacium, Aequipecten purpuratus y Thais chocolata, obtenidos de diversos centros de expendio del Callao y Lima. Se aisló Salmonella enteritidis serotipo Derby y Edwardsiella de Gari sp. Otras bacterias como Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter y Serratia estuvieron presentes en los diversos moluscos. El 100% de ellos presentó contaminación por E. coli.
Estudio serológico sobre toxoplasmosis en ganado ovino beneficiado en Lima, Perú
Authors: Contreras L. Olga , Tejada V. Abelardo
Published: July 2014

Se ha realizado un estudio serológico para determirar la infección por Toxoplasma gondii en 250 ovinos, procedentes de 6 Departamentos del Perú (Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Ica, Lima, Puno). Se emplearon las técnicas de la Reacción de Hemaglutinación (R.H.A.) por el micrométodo en placos y la Reacción de Fijación del Complemento (R.F.C.) según la técnica del 50% de hemólisis de Bozicevich; con antígeno de Toxoplasma preparado en el Laboratorio de Toxoplasmosis del Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Con la R.H.A., 208 (83.2%) muestras resultaron positivas; y con la R.F.C., 28 (11.2%) muestras fueron positivas. Estos resultados nos muestran que el ganado ovino estudiado se hallaba infectado por Toxoplasma gondii en alto porcentaje y se comenta la importancia epidemiológica estos resultados.
Aspectos histológicos del tracto digestivo de Tropidurus peruvianus peruvianus (Lesson)
Authors: Paz-Castillo B. Julio
Published: July 2014

Se ha realizado el estudio histológico del tracto digestivo de Tropidurus peruvianus peruvianus (Lesson). Con las técnicas de coloraciones utilizadas, se obtuvieron los mejores resultados con los métodos de la hematoxilina de Harris-eosina y con lo de Von-Giesson. Se anotan diferencias sistemáticas en comparación con otros vertebrados.
La infección de cangrejos procedentes del valle de Condebamba (Cajamarca) por metacercarias de Paragonimus
Authors: Tantaleán V. Manuel , Huiza F. Alina , Delgado A. Elio
Published: July 2014

En los meses de febrero y julio de 1973 se colectaron cangrejos del Valle de Condebamba (Cajamarca) correspondientes a Pseudothelphusa chilensis, 69 de ellos (34 machos y 35 hembras) fueron examinados, buscando metacercarias de Paragonimus; 22 (64.7%) de los machos y 29 (28.85 %) de las hembras resultaron infectados con metacercarias, o sea 52 (72.46%) de los 69 cangrejos estaban infectados, esta cifra es coincidente con la obtenida por Cuba y cols. (1974).
Edad y crecimiento del jurel Trachurus murphyi en el Perú
Authors: Dioses Teobaldo
Published: July 2014

The age and growth of Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyiNichols 1920 was determined by the reading and measuring annual growth rings from 977 pairs of otoliths from specimens between 3 and 71 cm total length collected within the Peruvian maritime domain during 1978 and part of 1977 and 1979. The validity of the annual marks was confirmed with 50 otolith with 5 marks or annual zones, and also with the analysis of the monthly marginal increment in 240 otoliths of specimens between 35 and 39 cm obtained from July 1977 to June 1979. From the annual rings measurements and their respective retroestimated sizes, the following parameters of the von Bertalanfy ecuation for growth in length and weight were estimated: infinite length (L ∞ ) = 80.77 cm, infinite weight (W∞ ) = 3744.10 g, growth coefficient (k) = 0.155, and theoretical age at length 0 (t 0 ) = –0.356. The estimated parameters suggest that the Peruvian T. murphyi has a faster growth rate than the more southern T. murphyi.
Patrones de distribución y abundancia del jurel Trachurus murphyien el Perú
Authors: Dioses Teobaldo
Published: July 2014

This paper analyzes information from IMARPE bio-oceanographic surveys conducted between 1961 and 2011 covering an area from 0 to 100 nm from the coast with observations at depths from 0 to 180 m; information from scientific observers on board Peruvian, Soviet and Cuban factory trawlers operating between 1983 – 1998; as well as time series of sea surface temperature anomalies, depth of the 15 °C isotherm and sea surface salinity from 1950 to date. Three patterns in the vertical distribution and depth of catches of Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi are identified and described in relation to changing environmental conditions: (1) During strong El Niño (EN) events shoals are at depths between 100 – 200 m, catches are higher and don’t change much between day and night; (2) During strong upwellings shoals are shallower, at depths between 0 – 75 m and catches are more oceanic (offshore) and closer to the surface; and, (3) When there is a strengthen Southern Extension of the Cromwell Current (SECC) shoals are at depths between 0 and 300 m, fishing takes place closer to the coast being deeper during the day and shallower during the night. During cold periods there is lower abundance of T. murphyidue to the prevalence of Cold Coastal Waters (CCW) and the offshore shift of the Subtropical Surface Waters (SSW), while abundance is higher during warmer periods associated with EN events and the strengthening of the SECC. A certain latitudinal segregation by sizes in relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is also observed.
Medidas de conservación y ordenación pesquera del jurel Trachurus murphyien el Perú
Authors: Zuzunaga Jorge
Published: July 2014

The Peruvian fisheries exploit renewable natural resources and as such are regulated by a legal framework aiming at ensuring their conservation and sustainable use. The General Fisheries Act, DL N°. 25977, points out that fisheries management systems shall be established for each type of fishery taking into account to the state of exploitation of the fishery resources, reconciling the principles of sustainability and long-term conservation with those aiming at the attainment of the maximum possible economic and social benefits. According to the provisions of the Fisheries Management Regulations approved by SD N°. 011-2007-PRODUCE, the management of the Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyifisheries includes among others, a fishing access regime that regulates the fleet size and the allocation of fishing licenses, which can only be granted to vessels fishing only for direct human consumption. The obligation to allocate the resources sardine Sardinops sagax, Jack mackerel T. murphyi, and mackerel Scomber japonicus, for direct human consumption has been in force since September 2002, following the ruling established by SD N°. 001-2002-PRODUCE. Other measures currently in force include those establish a minimum mesh size, the ban to catch or land specimens under 31 cm total length limit, the opening and closing of the fishing seasons, and catch limits or annual quotas. These provisions are supplemented by measures for monitoring, control and surveillance, and for the effective conservation and sustainable use of the fishery resources.
Patrones de variabilidad ambiental en el mar peruano
Authors: Flores Roberto , Espino Marco , Luque Gertrudes , Quispe Jorge
Published: July 2014

Environmental scenarios and variability patterns observed in the Peruvian waters are described based on the analysis of information obtained by the Instituto del Mar del Peru between 1960 and 2011. This information includes data from oceanographic, stock assessment and bio-oceanographic scientific research surveys, published information was also used to complete this study. Sea temperature, salinity and oxygen content data was interpolated to obtain monthly averages and build temporal and spatial series. Surface Cold Coastal Waters (ACF) and Subtropical Surface Water (SSW) create environmental conditions that are different from those in the subsurface, where the intrusion of equatorial waters dominates through the Peru-Chile Subsurface Current (CSPC). In the north, during the summer and fall, there is predominance in the surface layer of waters from the equatorial system. In the central zone the equatorial waters interact with ACF from coastal upwelling. The south is more strongly influenced by the coastal upwelling and the ASS, which is an indicator of increased activity in the Current System of Peru (SCP).
Detection of Bartonellaspp. and Rickettsiaspp. in fleas, ticks and lice collected in rural areas of Peru
Authors: Cáceres Abraham G. , Padilla Rojas Carlos P. , Arias Stella Javier , Huatuco Crisanto Gerardo , Gonzales Pérez Antero
Published: July 2014

Bartonellosis and rickettsiosis are commonly reported in Peru. In order to detect Bartonella sp. and Rickettsiasp. in fleas, ticks and lice, specimens from five distinct locations in Peru (Marizagua, Cajaruro, Jamalca, Lonya Grande and El Milagro) were collected and screened for the presence of these bacteria using PCR and later confirmation by DNA sequencing. The specimens collected were distributed in 102 pools (76 Ctenocephalides felis, 2 Ctenocephalides canis, 16 Pulex irritans, 5 Pediculus humanus, 2 Rhiphicephalus sanguineus, and 1 Boophilus spp.), where Bartonellawas detected in 17 pools (6 of C. felis, 9 of P. irritans, 1 of C. canis, and 1 P. humanus). Also, Rickettsiawas detected in 76 pools (62 C. felis, 10 P. irritans, 2 P. humanus, and 2 C. canis). Bartonella clarridgeiaewas detected in C. felis, C. canisand P. irritanspools at 5.3%, 50% and 12.5%, respectively.Bartonella rochalimaewas detected in one C. felisand two P. irritanspools at 1.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Furthermore, B. henselaewas detected in one C. felispool and one P. humanuspool corresponding to 1.3% and 20%, respectively; and Bartonella spp.was also found in 5 pools of P. irritansat 31.3%. Additionally, R. feliswas detected in C. felis, C. canisand P. irritanspools at 76.3%, 100% and 37.5%, respectively; and Rickettsia spp. was detected in C. felis, P. irritansand P. humanuspools at 5.3%, 25% and 40%, respectively. These results demonstrate the circulation of these bacteria in Peru.
Algas del suelo de Lima y alrededores
Authors: Zúñiga A. Reina
Published: July 2014

Este trabajo trata sobre el estudio sistemático de algunas especies de Microcoleus, Nodularia, Cylindrospermum, Botrydium, Vaucheria y Stichococcus identificadas en muestras de suelo procedentes de algunos lugares de Lima y alrededores.
Acción bactericida de la laguna minero-medicinal "Santa Cruz de las Salinas" Chilca, Lima-Perú
Authors: Chacón Roldán Gloria
Published: July 2014

El presente estudio trata de la acción bactericida in vitro e in vivo del agua de la laguna minero-medicinal "Santa Cruz de las Salinas", Chilca. Investigaciones realizadas en el período Febrero 1977 -Julio 1979 en el Instituto de Salud, Lima, han probado que esta agua ejerce acción bacteriostática y bactericida sobre un germen altamente patógeno para el organismo humano de tipo Gram negativo (Cepa So/mone/Ia typhy TY2). Pruebas de toxicidad de esta agua en el organismo animal se han hecho inoculando 2 grupos de ratones por vías endovenosa e intraperitoneal, demostrando que no ejerce acción tóxica, más bien produce una acción estimulante sobre las células sanguíneas. Se han elaborado 17 Cuadros y 37 figuras.
La familia Acmaeidae (Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda) en el Perú
Authors: Paredes Carlos
Published: July 2014

Se reportan siete especies de la familia Acmaeidae de la zona litoral rocosa del Departamento de Lima: Scurria viridula (Lamarck), S. parasitica (Orbigny), S. variabilis (Sowerby), S. zebrina (Lesson), Collisella orbignyi (Dall), C. ceciliana (Orbigny) y C. araucana (Orbigny). Se amplía el límite norte de la distribución geográfica de las dos últimas especies y asimismo para S. zebrina y S. parasitica. Se informa sobre la zonación vertical de las especies, su dominancia relativa y otras observaciones ecológicas. De la revisión de la literatura y los resultados del presente estudio se concluye que, conjuntamente con Scurria scurra (Lesson, 1830), son ocho las especies de Acmaeidae presentes en la Provincia Peruana.
Las comunidades de mitilidos del mediolitoral rocoso del departamento de Lima
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Tarazona Juan
Published: July 2014

Se estudiaron 34 muestras de los conglomerados de mitilidos de la zona medio litoral rocosa del Departamento de Lima, (10°45'38"S a 12°57'39"S), tomadas periódicamente, entre junio y noviembre de 1972. Utilizando el método del índice biológico, se determinó la existencia de dos comunidades: Comunidad de Perumytilus purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819), en el horizonte medio de la zona mediolitoral. Comunidad de Semimytilus algosus (Gould, 1850), en el horizonte inferior de la zona mediolitoral.
Mycoplasma detection in a mouse cell line and possible contamination source
Authors: Cornejo M. Willian , Alzamora G. Libertad
Published: July 2014

The detection of contaminating mycoplasma in a NS-1 myeloma celI line was studied comparing three methods The probable source of mycoplasma contamination were some batches of commercial sera Fetal Bovine Sera (FBS) mouse myeloma NS-1 cells and Vero celIs (African green monkey) were cultured on PPLO medium. The other methods involved the use of an indicator cell culture system (Vero cells) and the DNA-fluorochrome staining technique. The bacteriological procedure for the isolation of mycoplasma was successful with NS-l and Vero celIs, but not with FBS. However, mycoplasma colonies with typical "fried egg" appearance were only observed with Vero celIs. Moreover, the number of colonies isolated could be appreciated only after 18 days of growth. Vero tested, showed cytopathic effect (CPE). Initial1y, dark grasules appeared in the cytoplasm of the cells. At the 5th or 7th day, cell membranes showed small linger-like projections and vacuolization. By the 3rd or 4th week, the CPE was more pronounced. Monolayers of Vero cells were a1so grown on coverslips for 2 to 5 days and were stained with Hoechts DNA: fluorescent stain. The cells show discrete zones of fluorescence in the cytoplasm and nuclei. The: fluorescent spots were time-dependent Hoechst technique appears to be the method 01 choice, since it is more efficient, less time consuming and simpler.
El Fenómeno El Niño 1992-93: Su influencia en la biología reproductiva de Tagelus dombeii
Authors: Ishiyama Víctor , Shiga Betty
Published: July 2014

El fenómeno El Niño 1992-93, indujo un incremento en la cantidad de ejemplares maduros y en desove de gametos de Tagelus dombeii, debido al aumento de la temperatura superficial del mar. La proporción de sexos fue de 1,2:1,0 a favor de las hembras. En la gametogénesis acelerada, sediferenció: ovogonias y ovocitos (en previtelogénesis) ovocitos I (en vitelogénesis primario) y ovocitos II (en vitelogénesis secundario). La escala de madurez gonadal, con altos porcentajes de ejemplares maduros y en desove ve, y pocos inmaduros y en desarrollo, se clasificó en: Indiferenciados, inmaduros, en desarrollo, maduros y desovados.
Cepas nativas del bacterioneuston marino y su actividad inhibitoria de bacterias ictiopatógenas
Authors: León Jorge , Gracía-Tello Patrico
Published: July 2014

En la literatura científica, las bacterias marinas han sido consideradas con frecuencia como productores de sustancias antibacterianas. En este estudio, se investigó el potencial de actividad antibiótica in vitro de cepas nativas de bacterioneuston marino aisladas de las pozas intermareales de Montemar, Bahía de Valparaiso, Chile. Se aislaron 71 cepas neustónicas antagonistas a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632. Veinticinco de ellas, productoras de sustancias fuertemente inhibitorias, fueron evaluadas por su antagonismo frente a una colección de 15 bacterias ictiopatógenas. Aplicando métodos clásicos para bacterias marinas, se caracterizaron fenotípicamente orientados a la identificación. Los resultados de antibiosis indican que la totalidad cle las ictiopatógenas en prueba son susceptibles a la actividad inhibitoria de las cepas neustónicas, siendo V anguillarum NCMB 2133, V ordalii 84/2559 y V tubiashii EX1 las más sensibles. Entre las cepas aisladas del neuston se identificaron miembros de los géneros Vibrio spp. (28%), Flavobacterium spp. (12%), Alteromonas-Marinomonas (12%), Pseudomonas spp (8%) y Micrococcus spp, (4%). Nueve cepas (36%) no fueron identificadas. Los resultados de actividades inhibitorias frente a ictiopatógenos sugieren que dichas cepas o sus productos pudieran ser útiles en actividades de cultivos intensivos de maricultura de peces, moluscos y crustáceos.
Primer registro en el Perú de Raillietina (R.) demerariensis (Cestoda: Taenioidea) en Rattus rattus norvegicus
Authors: Martínez Rosa , Tantaleán Manuel
Published: July 2014

Se registra por primera vez en el Perú la presencia de Raillietina (R.) demerariensis (Daniels, 1895) en Rattus rattus norvegicus del Distrito de San Martín de Porres, en el Departamento de Lima.
Características de una proliferación de Arenaeus mexicanus (Gerstacker) (Brachyura, Portunidae) en fondos someros de Ancón
Authors: Cornejo Oswaldo
Published: July 2014

Se informa acerca de la proliferación del "cangrejo de arena" Arenaeus mexicanus que invadió las playas arenosas de la costa central del Perú durante el Evento "El Niño" 1982-83 y se mantuvo hasta más de un año después de terminada la anomalía oceanográfica. Se estudió a la especie por un total de 16 meses, que cubrió parte del periodo "Niño" y el Post-Niño, el periodo "Niño" se caracterizó por un aumento rápido de la población hasta estabilizarse: y el Post-Niño por una baja de la población y un inicio de reclutamiento en el mes de abril de 1984. El impacto sobre la comunidad de fondo arenoso consistió principalmente en la depredación intensiva de Semimytilus algosus (por los de tallas menores de 55 mm) y de Emerita analoga (por los de tallas mayores a 55 mm) así como la competencia por alimento con peces bentofagos como Menticirrhus ophicephalus y Stellifer minor.
Detección, cuantificación y caracterización morfológica de bacteriófagos indicadores de Vibrio Cholerae
Authors: Talledo Miguel , Gutiérrez Susana , Merino Fernando , Rojas Nancy
Published: July 2014

La especificidad entre bacteriófagos y bacterias es una característica utilizada exitosamente para la detección de varias especies microbianas, Por este motivo, la detección de vibriófagos es una herramienta útil de investigación y podría ser un método rápido y conveniente de diagnóstico de Vibrio cholerae. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar vibriófagos en muestras de aguas marinas someras y determinar las características morfológicas de estos vibriófagos. Se determinó la cinética de crecimiento de una cepa de Vibrio cholerae serotipo Inaba. Se analizaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente muestras tomadas de cinco puntos de un sector adyacente a la playa La Chira y de las desembocaduras del río Rímac y río Chillón, usándose distintos inóculos y varios periodos de incubación. Los bacteriófagos fueron concentrados y teñidos para el estudio morfológico por microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la detección de vibriófagos podría ser una herramienta importante como indicador de la presencia de Vibrio cholerae.
Nuevos registros de nemátodes parásitos de animales de vida silvestre en el Perú
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel
Published: July 2014

Se registran, por primera vez para el Perú, 4 especies de nemátodes: Dipetalonema graciliformis Freitas, 1964 parásito de Saguinus labiatus; Evaginuris branickii (McCiure, 1932) Quentín, 1973 de Dinomys branickii; Alaeuris caudatus (Lent & Freitas, 1948) de Iguana iguana y Serpinema amazonicus de Podocnemis expansa. También, se considera a Saguinus labiatus como un nuevo huésped para Dipetalonema graciliformis.
Contribución al estudio de la habronemosis gástrica
Authors: Castro Julia , Alva José
Published: July 2014

Se estimó la incidencia estacional de la Habronemosis gástrica en tres centros de crianza equina, utilizando la técnica del xenodiagnóstico, a través de la identificación de larvas infectivas de tercer estadío. Los resultados muestran que de un total de 50 animales estudiados, se encontró 92% de incidencia, por Habronemosis. El análisis microscópico de las características generales de las larvas y sus dimensiones permitieron identificar a la especie investigada como Habronema muscae (Carter, 1861). Así mismo en todos los casos se encontró a Musca domestica como responsable de la transmisión de esta parasitosis en los tres centros. No se encontró una relación significativa entre la edad del animal y el grado de parasitismo ya que la infección fue semejante en individuos jóvenes como adultos, ni tampoco entre la presencia de úlceras en la piel y la habronemosis gástrica.
Two new genera of neotropical Deltocephalinae (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae) related to Alaca Oman
Authors: Lozada Pedro
Published: July 2014

Two new genera of Neotropical Deltocephalinae (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae) related to Alaca Oman: Paralaca gen. n. and Adlaca gen. n., and two new species, P. sordida and A. dubiosa, from Manu Reserved Zone, Southeastern Peru, are described and illustrated herein. A key to these three closely related genera is presented.
Nuevos registros de gasterópodos para el litoral peruano
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz
Published: July 2014

Se reportan por primera vez para el Perú, cinco especies de gasterópodos marinos: Crepidula nivea Lamarck, 1799, Neosimnia aequalis (Sowerby, 1832), Simnialena rufa (Sowerby, 1832), Nitidiscala elenense (Sowerby, 1844) y Trigonostoma (Ventrilia) bullatum (Sowerby, 1832). Se incluyen datos sobre la distribución geográfica y el hábitat de cada una de las especies.
Análisis morfohistológico del sistema reproductor de Bostryx conspersus (Sowerby, 1833) (Gastropoda, Bulimidae) de las lomas de Pacta. Lima, Perú.
Authors: López Fela , Pino José
Published: July 2014

Bostryx spp es uno de los géneros demás alta diversidad de los Bulimulidae; B. conspersus es considerada una especie típica de la malacofauna de Lomas. Nuestro objetivo es contribuir al conocimiento morfohistológico del sistema reproductor a fin de enriquecer la información básica de la reproducción de la especie y que nos sirva a futuro como patrón para comparar otros individuos del mismo género. Se procesaron especímenes maduros, colectados de las Lomas de Pacta, Departamento de Lima, a mediados de 1994; el análisis conquiológico siguió la clave de Arrarte (1953); los especímenes fueron disecados, siguiendo los procedimientos de Beaumont & Cassier (1970). La coloración diferencia¡ siguió el método de la Hematoxilina de Harris-Eosina. Se describe en base a la lectura de las láminas la estructura morfohistológica del complejo gonadal de B. conspersus, destacando entre ellos la glándula del albumen con la presencia de depósitos calcáreos entre las células epiteliales.
Biología reproductiva del pulpo Octupus mimus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) de la región de Matarani, Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Ishiyama Victor , Shiga Betty , Talledo Carmen
Published: July 2014

De mayo de 1995 a abril de 1996, se realizaron al azar muestreos mensuales de 25 ejemplares de Octopus mimus de los desembarques del puerto de Matarani, Arequipa (16° 59'40"S y 72° 06'13"W). Son animales gonocóricos, presentan dimorfismo sexual, y los machos tienen el brazo ectocotilizado o copulador. La proporción de sexos fue de 2,1:1,0 a favor de los machos; se determinaron ocho estadios de desarrollo de los ovocitos, durante la ovogénesis. De acuerdo a su comportamiento reproductivo, se estableció la siguiente escala de madurez gonadal: a) indiferenciado, b) inmaduro, c) inicio de maduración, d) en desarrollo, e) maduros, f)l cópula, g) postcópula, autofecundación y evacuación, h) postevacuación. Las hembras maduras se encontraron preferentemente, en la primavera y verano; los machos maduros a fines de la primavera y en el verano; la cópula se realizó preferentemente durante el verano; la autofecundación y evacuación de los huevos, se evidenciaron en agosto (50%), octubre 50%), noviembre (71,4%), diciembre (33%) y enero (33%). La primera madurez en los machos se encontró a los 9,5 cm y en las hembras a los 12,5 cm de la longitud dorsal del cuerpo. Se observó algunas hembras con ovocitos maduros en lisis y con inicio de ovogénesis avanzada de un nuevo ciclo, que evidencia que no todas las hembras mueren después de cuidar los huevos hasta el final de la eclosión.
Nuevas adiciones de bivalvos a la malacofauna marina peruana
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz
Published: July 2014

Cuatro especies de moluscos bivalvos marinos, Nuculana (Jupiteria) cuneata (Sowerby, 1833), Isognomon (Isognomón) janus Carpenter, 1857, Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857 y Mysella (Rochefortia) molinae Ramorino, 1968 se reportan por primera vez para el mar peruano. Se incluye datos sobre la distribución geográfica y el hábitat de cada una de las especies.
Evaluación de soluciones nutritivas para el cultivo hidropónico de "fresa" Fragaria x ananassa
Authors: Jara Enoc , Suni Mery
Published: July 2014

Con la finalidad de determinar soluciones nutritivas 6ptimas para "fresa" Fragarias x ananassa Duchesne cv. Chandler bajo un sistema hidropónico en grava muy fina, se evaluaron dos soluciones nutritivas en la etapa vegetativa y tres en la etapa de fructificación de la planta, durante los meses Diciembre de 1996 a Agosto de 1997. Se realizó muestreos destructivos a los 60, 90, 160, 190 y 220 días después de iniciado el tratamiento para determinar el crecimiento de la planta, su absorción de nutrientes y el contenido de azúcares reductores en los frutos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos en la etapa vegetativa pero sí en la etapa reproductiva al evaluar la altura de la planta, número de flores y frutos, porcentaje de azúcares reductores y peso de los frutos. En cuanto al porcentaje de N, P, K, Ca, Mg y Fe no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Combinaciones de 200:40:300 ppm de N: P: K en la etapa reproductiva favorecieron el mayor rendimiento en la planta.
Purificación y caracterización de la l-amino ácido oxidasa del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops brazili "jergón shushupe"
Authors: Solís Christian , Escobar Enrique , Yarlequé Armando , Gutiérrez Susana
Published: July 2014

Se ha purificado y caracterizado parcialmente la L-aminoácido oxidasa de la serpiente Bothrops brazili. El aislamiento se realizó usando técnicas cromatográficas en Sephadex G-100 y CM-Sephadex C-50, utilizando como eluyente buffer acetato de amonio 0,1M pH 6. La enzima fue purificada 29,3 veces con un rendimiento de 30,9%. Usando electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecil sulfato de sodio (PAGE-SDS) en condiciones reductoras y no reductoras, así como las técnicas de inmunodifusión e inmunoelectroforesis, se demostró la presencia de una sola banda proteica. La enzima fue caracterizada como una glicoproteína ácida con un peso molecular de 125,7 kd formada por dos subunidades de 59,9 kd unidas por enlaces débiles, con un pH óptimo entre 7,5 y 9, dependiendo del aminoácido usado como substrato; siendo termoestable hasta los 550 C y lábil a pH alcalino. Asimismo, los ensayos por el método del cilindro en placa de Grove demostraron el efecto antibacteriano de la proteína aislada en cepas estandarizadas de Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae y Streptococcus faecalis.