bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of contemporary self psychology to couple psychotherapy
Authors: Leone Carla
Published: September 2021

This article summarises what the author sees as contemporary self psychology's main contributions to understanding and treating couples. The concepts of selfobject experience and needs, the "forward edge" of even very dysfunctional behaviour, and the centrality of the sense of self, add to our understanding of couples and the reasons for their difficulties. In addition, the theory's emphasis on listening from the patient's point of view, empathic attunement, viewing the therapist as a source of selfobject experience for the patient, close attention to narcissistic vulnerability and the rupture and repair sequence, and a collaborative, experiencenear interpretive process are all at least as useful in couple treatment as they are in individual treatment. From this perspective, the goal of couple therapy is to improve the partners' abilities to function as a reliable source of attuned selfobject experience for each other by targeting the various factors that interfere with their doing so, detailed in this article. The article also proposes that in some cases, psychoeducation, coaching, or suggestions can be experienced by the partners as attuned selfobject responses and/or can facilitate such responses between them, and thus can be appropriately part of a fundamentally psychoanalytic couple treatment.
Brain Gym Therapy For Schizophrenics Cognitive Function In Mental Hospital
Authors: Sumartyawati Made , Sudiarti N L , Santosa I M E , Sepriana C , Sukardin Sukardin
Published: September 2021

Background: The cognitive function of the patient at the Intermediate Room of RSJ Mutiara Sukma has not improved.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of brain exercise therapy on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.
Methods: A quasy experimental study with non-equivalent control group before and after design was performed. The population were all schizophrenic patients in the intermediate room. Incidental sampling was carried out and obtained 40 cooperative schizophrenic patients and its divided into treatment and control groups. Cognitive function was assessed using the Schizophrenia Cognitive Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the difference in effect was measured using the independent-t test with SPSS
Results: The mean of cognitive function at the treatment group was 44 before and 36 after treatment, at the control group was 50 before and 47 after treatment. The p value of the Lavene test was 0,000 with a 2-tailled sig of 0.001 on the independent t-test, showed a significant difference between the cognitive function of the treatment group and the control group
Conclusion: The study showed that there were different effects of brain exercise therapy on reduction of cognitive function in schizophrenia patients in the intermediate room.
ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ЗУМОВЛЮЮТЬ НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ МІЖНАРОДНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА У ПРОЦЕСІ РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЗЛОЧИНІВ ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ
Authors: Завидняк І. О.
Published: September 2021

У статті окреслені основні тенденції сучасної економічної злочинності. Розглянуті такі поняття, як міжнародне співробітництво у боротьбі зі злочинністю, міжнародні злочини й транснаціональні злочини. Окреслено фактори, які спричинили зростання міжнародної злочинності у сфері економіки, а саме: розмивання кордонів держав та триваючий процес посилення їх прозорості; розширення й взаємопроникнення економічних ринків та інтересів, які раніше були закриті або жорстко контролювалися державами. Визначено, що сучасний стан економічної злочинності характеризується стійкою динамікою зростання, структурною різноманітністю нових видів посягань і високим рівнем латентності, зростанням розмірів шкоди. Зазначено фактори, які вказують на необхідність удосконалення механізму міжнародного співробітництва у сфері кримінального процесу.
Особливості та ключові ризики життєвого циклу екоінновацій у стартап проєктах
Authors: Сокур М. Б.
Published: September 2021

У статті відображено особливості інноваційного розвитку за умов реалізації екоінноваційних процесів, охарактеризовано життєвий цикл інновацій за стадіями, виявлено особливості досягнених результатів під час реалізації екоінновацій та екологічних стартап-проєктів. Наведені завдання для соціально-економічного розвитку України. Наведено показники інноваційного розвитку країни та основні тенденції інноваційної активності підприємницьких структур. Визначено вплив екоінновацій для цілей забезпечення прискорення Цілей сталого розвитку. Окреслено специфічні риси кожної стадії життєвого циклу інновацій та результати реалізації екоінновацій. Виділено найскладнішу і найризикованішу стадію життєвого циклу інновацій – «долина смерті». Систематизовано перелік ключових ризиків життєвого циклу екоінновацій. Зазначено основні причини банкрутства інноваційних підприємств у «долині смерті».Удосконалено економіко-математичну модель інтерпретації очікуваної тривалості життєвого циклу екоінновацій та наведено пропозиції.
Фінансові технології як складова цифрової економіки: тенденції в реаліях пандемії COVID-19
Authors: Сунцова О. О.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню основних тенденцій, що спостерігаються у фінансових технологіях під час кризового стану економіки, який обумовлений світовою пандемією COVID-19, пошук закономірностей розвитку фінансових технологій у подібні періоди за секторами FinTech як складової цифрової економіки. Проаналізовано основні сектори FinTech за період до пандемії та під час пандемії COVID-19, виявлено особливості розвитку FinTech фірм залежно від рівня економічного розвитку певної країни, географічного її розташування та сегменту самих FinTech та запропонованоінтегральний показник рівня адаптації FinTech до кризових явищ в економіці (LFTA) для оцінки на певний період усіх можливостей розвитку за сегментами FinTech у кризові періоди, такі як пандемія COVID-19.
Основні положення моніторингу контрольованих операцій як складової податкового контролю за дотриманням правил трансфертного ціноутворення в Україні
Authors: Кругляк В. В. , Курілов Є. А.
Published: September 2021

У статті проаналізовано вітчизняні нормативно-правові акти щодо моніторингу контрольованих операцій як складової податкового контролю за дотриманням правил трансфертного ціноутворення в Україні. Визначено головні цілі моніторингу контрольованих операцій. Зроблено огляд типів джерел інформації, які використовуються під час моніторингу контрольованих операцій. Окреслено його основні складові та особливості розвитку цього виду податкового контролю як інструментарію, що забезпечить справедливий та дієвий контроль за формуванням об’єкта оподаткування податком на прибуток підприємств за контрольованими операціями.
Індустрія 4.0 та цифрова готовність українських промислових підприємств
Authors: Лісова Р. М.
Published: September 2021

У сучасних умовах економічного розвитку масштабне поширення нових технологій робить цифрову трансформацію актуальною майже для кожної галузі, а рівень діджиталізації демонструє ступінь конкурентоспроможності компаній і є визначальним під час розробки стратегії розвитку. Ґрунтуючись на тому, що промислові підприємства є ядром економічного зростання країни, досліджено цифрову готовність українських промислових підприємств у контексті реалізації концепції Індустрія 4.0. На основі звітів міжнародних організацій проаналізовано оцінку виробничої готовності України. Виокремлено основні напрями в сфері розвитку української Індустрії 4.0. Проаналізовано поняття цифрової зрілості підприємства та визначено його сутність. Здійснено оцінку рівня використання цифрових технологій на українських промислових підприємствах та виявлено позитивну динаміку у цьому напрямі за аналізований період. Здійснено огляд сегментів високотехнологічних компаній, що розробляють та впроваджують продукти рішення в Індустрії 4.0 на українських підприємствах, також зроблено висновки щодо потреби розробки системи аналізу та оцінювання рівня цифрової зрілості з метою ефективного впровадження технологій Індустрії 4.0 на українських промислових підприємствах.
Distribution of Shelters and Agriculture to Communities in the Siosar Refugee Relocation
Authors: Suharyanto Agung , Wiflihani  , Jamilah Nasution
Published: September 2021

The Siosar area is an official shelter created by the government for communities directly affected by Mount Sinabung. The purpose of this research is to describe the distribution of shelter and agriculture to the community in the Siosar Refugee Relocation. Which methodThe method used is descriptive qualitative research method, which aims to present a picture of the social reality that exists in society by describing phenomena in the area. HThe results of the study can be drawn from the conclusions, namely: the community is very accepting of the distribution of land and settlements in the shelter, because the original location can no longer be lived in. The impact of daily income is also felt and hopes to get agricultural land to maintain income for daily life.
Ethnobotany of Javanese Ethnic Garden Plants in Medan City
Authors: Jamilah Nasution  , Radiansyah Hadi Chandra  , Suharyanto Agung
Published: September 2021

The yard of the house is an open environment around the house and is provided to support various social and economic activities related to the owner of the house. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of horticultural crops based on the Javanese in Medan. The survey method used is the survey and interview methods. The result, obtained 12 types of plants that have the potential as medicinal plants and 2 types of plants that have the potential as ornamental plants. All types of plants have medicinal properties, this shows that the home garden has many benefits in providing potential types of plants, especially the daily needs of the family.
Gene Effects and Heritability for Yield Traits in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Srivastava K
Published: September 2021

Generation mean analysis is a key determinant in designing the appropriate breeding approaches for implementing new desirable character/s in crop varieties and also in studying inheritance of quantitative traits. Parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses exhibited significant digenic interactions in the majority of cross combinations in tomato. Cross combinations and characters indicated the adequacy of simple additive dominance for 50% flowering (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5), branches/plant and plant height (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), and fruit/cluster (CO3 х Floradade) indicating absence of non-allelic interactions. Duplicate type of epistasis occurred for 50% flowering (CO3 х Floradade, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad), branches/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), plant height (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), fruit/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), fruit weight (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5), fruit/cluster (Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), yield/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Punjab Upma х Azad T5, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad) indicating selection strength should be lenient in the earlier and rapid in later generations because advancement should be through selection. Characters governed by additive components were predominant in fruit/plant and plant height, indicating direct selection for improvement of these traits.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 453-465, 2021 (September)
Antioxidant Evaluation and Heavy Metals Accumulation Of Capsicum Annuum L. Cultivars
Authors: Azizuddin - , Kiran - , Yasmeen Kousar
Published: September 2021

Capsicum annuum L. commonly known as chilli provides dietary fibers, minerals and vitamins. In this study, three different chilli cultivars commonly named as Dandi, Ghotki and German were studied for the determination of physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and metal content. German showed maximum nutritional components as compared to Ghotki and Dandi such as TA (0.43 %), TDS (1.95 g/l), TSS (1.29 °Brix) and TSC (1108.72 mg/100 g). Dandi showed higher TPC (6286.60 mg/100 g) and TFC (258.88 mg/100 g) with significant antioxidant activity through DPPH (37.27 % inhibition) and RPA (1134.80 mg/100 g). Fe was found in sufficient amount among chilli cultivars and metals accumulation was within the standard safe limits.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 507-513, 2021 (September)
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Exserted Stigma Rate By Using (ZS97B/MH63) Ril Population
Authors: Tong Jiping , Han Zhengshu , Han Aonan
Published: September 2021

For increasing pollination and seed set, stigma exsertion has been identified as a major component in hybrid rice. By using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an important Indica rice cross between Zhenshan97 and Minghui63, a molecular marker-based analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stigma exsertion was performed. As a result, six prominent QTL were detected for the exserted stigma rate on chromosome 6, 2, 9, 3, 5 and 1, respectively. qSER-1-1, qSER-2-1, qSER-5-1, qSER-6-1, qSER-15-1, and qSER-18-1 explained 8.1515, 4.6657, 7.2387, 4.8997, 6.925 and 6.9291% of the total phenotypic variance, respectively. In addition, for the qSER-1-1 and qSER-2-1, the ZS97B allele increased exserted stigma rate by about 4.3484 and 3.2836%, respectively; while for qSER-5-1, qSER-6-1, qSER-15-1 and qSER-18-1, the MH63 allele increased exserted stigma rate by approx. 4.1527, 3.4243, 3.9801 and 4.0025%, respectively.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 551-556, 2021 (September)
Identification of Sources of Resistance in Sesame Against Leaf Webber and Capsule Borer (Antigastra Catalaunalis Dup.)
Authors: Panday Ak , Sundaria MM , Chandrasekaran M , Bisen Rajani
Published: September 2021

The 197 entries including two checks (SI-250 Resistance check and TC-25 Susceptible check) of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) representing varied geographic and genetic diversity were tested at three diverse climatic locations of India viz., Jabalpur, Mandor and Vriddhachalam, against leaf webber and capsule. None of the screened entry was found to be free from infestation by leaf webber and capsule borer. The average plant, flower and capsule damage over the locations varied from 6.58 to 27.17, 7.80 to 23.71 and 3.33 to 15.43%, respectively. At vegetative stage, the entries SI-0018-B (6.33%) and IS-353-A (6.58%) at flowering, the entry KMR-7 (7.80%) and at capsule stage, the entries SI-0018-B (3.33%), MT-67-25 (3.65%) and RJS- 56-A (3.80%) were recorded the lowest damage. Further, the response of promising entries under artificial pest load conditions over the locations showed that the entry SI-271-B was superior to others with respect to lowest plant and flower damage while at capsule stage, the entry NIC-8510-B was superior. Under artificial pest load condition, the entries SI-271-B, NIC-9839 and MT-67-25 showed the lowest damage whereas under natural condition, the entries IS-178-C and SP-3267 were superior to others with respect to lowest damage. The feeding preference studies showed that the entries SI-271-B, IS-178-C, MT-67-25 and S-OO-17-B were least preferred by the leaf webber and capsule borer and recorded the lowest leaf area damage.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 565-575, 2021 (September)
Response of Biochemical Characteristics and Grain Yield Of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) To Biofertilizers
Authors: Baharvand Zeinab Amanolahi , Siavoshi Morteza , Niknezhad Yosoof , Fallah Hormoz , Rafiee Masoud
Published: September 2021

Effects of Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter biofertilizers on the biochemical properties and grain yield of rapeseed cultivars were investigated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two years 2016 and 2017 in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, Iran. Biofertilizer factors included application of Mycorrhiza, Azotobacter, Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter combination and non-application of biofertilizer (control) and cultivar factors included Gabriella, Neptune, Expower and Okapi. According to interaction effect of biofertilizers × cultivar, results showed that the highest seed and oil yields were obtained with the application of Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter combination in case of Gabriella (4918.6 and 1165.2 kg/ha, respectively) and the least was found with non-application of biofertilizers in case of Expower (3350.4 and 731.3 kg/ha, respectively). Biochemical parameters like shoot proline, protein, peroxidase, catalase, Chlorophyll a and b content of canola were also significantly affected by biofertilizer, cultivar and due to interaction of biofertilizer and cultivar. Therefore, application of Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter combination in case of Gabriella is recommended for Khorramabad and similar regions.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 585-593, 2021 (September)
Interactive Impacts of Plant Growth Regulators And Fertigation on Quality of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) In Sub-Humid Agro Ecological Zone of Rajasthan
Authors: Suman Mahaveer , Jain MC
Published: September 2021

Individual and interaction effects of plant growth regulators and fertigation on quality of pomegranate were investigated. Maximum mean polar diameter (9.59 cm), equatorial diameter (8.10 cm), fruit weight (206.06 g),fruit volume (190.86 cc), number of arils per fruit (416.81), aril weight per fruit (146.35 g), weight of 100 arils (35.86 g) and aril per cent (70.92 %) along with minimum specific gravity (1.090), rind thickness (5.15 mm), rind per cent (29.09%) and fruit cracking (5.58%) were recorded in F2 (100 per cent RDF through fertigation). Similarly, spray of 100 ppm NAA (N2) and 250 ppm ethrel (E2) significantly influenced the above characteristics of fruit. Treatment combination of 100 ppm NAA + 150 ppm ethrel + 100% RDF through fertigation (N2E1F2) gave better quality fruit over other treatments including control.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 623-631, 2021 (September)
Microbiological Quality Assessment of Date Palm Fruits And Development of a Decontamination Method
Authors: Kabir MS , Akter MS , Hossain T , Khalil MI
Published: September 2021

Microbiological quality of four different cultivars (viz., Deglet Noor, Dabbas, Barni and Lulu) of date palm fruits imported into Bangladesh was evaluated. The microbiological quality analysis revealed that the date palm fruit samples are contaminated with bacteria and fungi. Among the studied samples, total aerobic plate count varied from 6.85 ×106 cfu/g to 4.14×107 cfu/g. The maximum bacterial load was observed in 'Dabbas' cultivar and lowest bacteria load was found in 'Lulu' cultivar. The total yeast and mold count ranged from 1.08×103 cfu/g to 6.94 ×104 cfu/g. The maximum yeast and mold count was found in 'Deglet Noor' cultivar whereas this count was lowest in 'Lulu' cultivar. Twenty-two bacterial isolates were randomly selected and identified based on their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Among the bacterial isolates, Providencia rettgeri was most prevalent (18.18%). The identity of one of the P. rettgeri isolates was confirmed by its 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and subsequent molecular phylogenetic analysis. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in the imported date palm fruits indicates that they are not suitable for direct human consumption. To improve the microbiological quality of the date palm fruits, several easily available substances were tested as decontaminating agent. The study revealed that commercially available vinegar acts as an excellent decontaminating agent against date palm fruit-associated bacteria.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 641-649, 2021 (September)
Sole and Sequential Application of Herbicide and Straw Mulch on Weed Growth and Productivity of Direct Seeded Rainfed Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Sangramsingh PK , Dash Subhaprada
Published: September 2021

The sole and sequential application of herbicide and straw mulch on weed growth and productivity of rainfed direct seeded rice, were studied with 12 treatments during kharif 2019. Results showed that the application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha registered significantly the lowest weed density and dry weight at 60 DAS; however, it was statistically at par with oxadiargyl fb hand weeding. Weed free check produced the highest grain yield (3.05 t/ha) which was at par with the sequential application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha (2.99 t/ha) and oxadiargyl fb rice hand weeding (2.90 t/ha). Application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha fetched the maximum net return of Rs. 17528/- per ha and return per rupee invested of 1.52. Application of oxadiargyl fb rice straw mulch @ 6 t/ha could be recommended for managing complex weed flora, higher productivity and greater profit in rainfed direct seeded rice cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 671-677, 2021 (September)
Effects of Cenococcum Geophilum on the Growth of Seedlings Of Ostryopsis Davidiana Dence. And Pinus Tabuleaformis Carr.
Authors: Li Hui , Yao Qingzhi , Tie Ying , Zhao Huiying
Published: September 2021

The affinity and promoting ability of the Cenococcum geophilum strains (CgSO1, CgSB2, CgO5, SPOP2 and Cg5 #) to Ostryopsis davidiana and Pinus tabulaeformis were studied. The results showed that the tested strains formed ectomycorrhizae（ECM）with O. davidiana except the Cg5 # strain and the infection rates were 40-50%. CgSO1 and CgSPOP2 formed ECM with P. tabulaeformis and the infection rates were 10.3 and 12.4%, respectively. C. geophilum can promote the growth of the two host plant seedlings, especially for root growth. Results proved that the affinity of different strains to host plants and the affinity of the same strain to different host plants are different.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 679-683, 2021 (September)
Carbon Stock and Respiration of Rhizosphere Soils of Sal (Shorea Robusta Roxb. Ex. Gaertn. F.) In Relation To Some Environmental Variables of Different Sal Forest Stands of Bangladesh
Authors: Propa Maliha Jerin , Hossain Md Imran , Ahmed Ashfaque
Published: September 2021

Effects of some environmental variables (moisture, temperature, pH) on the carbon stock and respiration in the rhizosphere soil of Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. ex. Gaertn. f.) of 11 different Sal forest stands situated in Cumilla, Gazipur, Sherpur, Modhupur, Dinajpur and Rangpur of Bangladesh were assessed. Soil samples were collected from two layers (upper layer, 0 - 15 cm and lower layer, 15–30 cm depth). During February 2019, samples were collected from Kotbari and Rajeshpur of Cumilla and during June 2019, samples were collected from the rest of the stands. The values of different variables showed fluctuations, e.g. moisture content (11.87 - 38.78%), pH (4.73 to 6.03), conductivity (63.13 - 248.83 μS/cm), soil organic carbon (135.43 - 1263.53 ton/ha) and respiration (75.95 - 91.8 mg CO2/g soil) respectively. Rates of respiration increased where pH remained 4 to 6 and the temperature 20 to 34ºC. Rate of respiration also increased when the amount of moisture content and carbon stock decreased. This research will help to understand the role of environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics in the natural Sal forest areas of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 685-693, 2021 (September)
SPORCULARIN YAŞAM DOYUMLARININ YORDAYICILARI OLARAK BİREYSEL DİNDARLIK, MANEVİYAT, ALÇAK GÖNÜLLÜLÜK VE KAYGI
Authors: AYTEN Ali , BAKIR Rahime Eymen
Published: September 2021

Bireylerin yaşam doyumu üzerinde sayısız faktörün etkisi bulunmaktadır. Dindarlık, manevi-yat ve değerler bireylere yaşama dair tutum kazandırırken, kaygı, bireyin hayat şartlarını algı-laması ile ilişkilidir. Bu bağlamda makalenin temel amacı, Uzak Doğu sporcularının yaşam doyumu düzeylerindeki değişim üzerinde bireysel dindarlık, maneviyat, alçak gönüllülük ve kaygı eğilimlerinin yordayıcılık rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu taekwondo, karate-do ve kick boks branşlarından Türkiye’nin dört bir yanından katılım sağla-yan ve ortalama spor yaşları 7 yıl olarak belirlenen, 251 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma ve-rileri; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Maneviyat Değerlendirmesi, Bireysel Dindarlık Ölçeği, Alçak gö-nüllülük Ölçeği, Kaygı Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinden oluşan anket vasıtası ile top-lanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yürütülen nicel bir çalışmadır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; bireysel dindarlık, maneviyat ve kaygı değişkenleri sporcuların yaşam doyumları üzerinde anlamlı yordayıcılardır.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-4 Levels in Patients With Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Angela Yun , Kim Su-Jong , Choi Seok-Youl , Moon Jee Won , Choi June , Im Gi Jung , Chae Sung-Won , Song Jae-Jun
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives The pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), an otologic emergency disease, remains unclear. Several studies have attempted to illustrate the association between cytokines and ISSNHL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of various cytokines in patients with ISSNHL. Subjects and Method In this case-control study, a total of 55 patients with ISSNHL underwent treatment with oral prednisolone for 2 weeks. Serum cytokine levels, including interleukins (ILs) (IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12), and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and TNF-β), were measured using human cytokine panels at first visit. Patient characteristics such as age, gender, the status of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vertigo, time from onset to visit, and initial hearing levels were also evaluated. Results Serum levels of cytokines were correlated with the prognosis of ISSNHL patients. IL-4 ≥0.225 (pg/mL) and TNF-α ≥5.155 (pg/mL) were significantly associated with poor therapeutic outcomes (OR=44.317, p=0.015 and OR=269.465, p=0.006, respectively). In addition, age and initial hearing levels were also significant prognostic factors. Conclusion Patients’ age, initial hearing levels, and serum levels of IL-4 and TNF-α prior to treatment are associated with hearing recovery and can be used as prognostic factors for patients with ISSNHL.
Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Jin Young Ju , Kim Seong Dong
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of new coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged as the cause of a severe acute respiratory. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unexpected increase in the number of patients who are critically ill and required mechanical ventilation for active respiratory support. Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure performed on patient to provide long-term ventilator support or to manage upper airway obstruction. It could be a critical role in the management of COVID-19 patients. Insertion of a tracheal cannula has become a viable alternative to prolonged endotracheal intubation, with the benefits of decreased airway resistance, improved patient comfort, reduced need for sedation, easier sputum removal. While these interventions could be necessary to provide adequate care, they require special precautions to minimize occupational risk. Because the spread of COVID-19 happened by aerosol and fine droplets, medical staffs are in direct danger of occupational exposure while caring for these patients. The purpose of this article is to review the preoperative preparation and tracheostomy guidelines related to COVID-19 pandemic spread.
Parachute Technique for Head and Neck Free-Flap Inset
Authors: Yeou Se Hyun , Song Yong Jae , Lee Ju Ho , Shin Yoo Seob
Published: September 2021

The treatment outcome of advanced squamous cell carcinoma involving the head and neck is well known to be dire and usually needs multimodality treatment even including optimal reconstruction after ablative surgery. When a significant area of the soft tissue is resected, reconstruction of oral cavity or pharynx needs to minimize morbidities while achieving adequate functional outcomes. For the better functional outcome, invasive approaching procedures such as lip and jaw splitting, or extensive floor of mouth or pharyngeal muscle ablation should be avoided. Without these surgical procedures, reconstructive surgeons may encounter technical difficulties in flap inset due to deep and narrow space after head and neck cancer resection. In a deep and narrow surgical defect, accurate approximation and suture is extremely difficult. Eventually, repeated flap manipulation and stretch might be inevitable, and even pedicle kinking or injury could happen. Herein, we suggested the “parachute” technique, which was generally used in blood vessels or aortic valve suturing in a narrow surgical field and for avoiding mismatched suture. We applied this “parachute” technique for free-flap inset to head and neck defect, and we herein report our successful outcomes.
Impact of oyster culture on coral reef bacterioplankton community composition and function in Daya Bay, China
Authors: Tong F , Zhang P , Zhang X , Chen P
Published: September 2021

Subtropical coral reefs along the coast are facing multiple pressures. Mariculture is one of the main sources of such pressure. Oyster culture has become a worldwide phenomenon in coastal ecosystems. Due to the high filtration efficiency of oysters, their culture has helped to purify some coastal waters. However, high-density oyster culture has also had negative effects on coastal ecosystems, including the loss of natural habitat, changes in hydrology, cross infection of corals with pathogenic bacteria, and changes to the structure and function of bacterioplankton communities. In this study, the effect of oyster culture on coral reefs was characterized based on variability in the structure and function of bacterioplankton communities. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a comprehensive bacterioplankton reference database was constructed for coral reef habitats associated with oyster culture and subjected to different disturbance gradients. Small shifts in the surrounding coral reef environment caused by oyster culture disturbance were detected by comparing the structure and function of bacterioplankton communities with biogeochemical parameters. The measured chemical dynamics explained 71.15% of the bacterioplankton community variability between habitats. Oyster culture increased the richness and diversity of bacterioplankton communities. Species composition similarity was highest between the oyster culture area and the nearest coral reef habitat. The spatial turnover in the bacterioplankton community was characterized by less uniform community assembly patterns. The bacterioplankton function of reefs relatively far from anthropogenic disturbance differed from that of those closer to such disturbances. Our results also show that the variability in structure and function of bacterioplankton communities between oyster culture areas and coral reef areas was mainly driven by salinity and ammonium. Oyster culture can impact bacterioplankton community composition and dynamics around coral reef habitats. The results provide an important context for developing frameworks for managing ecological interactions among oyster cultures and coral reef habitats of concern.
Proteinase-activated receptor-2 expression in breast cancer and the role of trypsin on growth and metabolism of breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231
Authors: Matěj R , Manďáková P , Netíková I , Poučková P , Olejár T
Published: September 2021

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a ubiquitous surface molecule participating in many biological processes. It belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by the site-specific proteolysis of trypsin and similar proteases. Altered function of PAR-2 has been described in different malignant tumors. In the present study, we investigated the expression of PAR-2 in breast cancer surgical specimens and the role of trypsin in breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231 proliferation and metabolism. A total of 40 surgical samples of infiltrative ductal breast cancer and breast cancer cell line were included in this study. We analyzed PAR-2 expression by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot. Activation of PAR-2 on cell line MDA MB-231 was measured using calcium mobilization assay determined by flow cytometry. MTT cell metabolism assay and cell count analysis were used to assess the trypsin influence on breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231 proliferation. Immunohistochemical examination showed the expression of PAR-2 in all samples of breast cancer surgical specimens and high levels of cell lines which was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot. Calcium mobilization assay corroborated the activation of PAR-2 on cell line MDA MB-231 either by trypsin or by an agonistic peptide. Cell metabolism assay and cell count analysis showed significant differences of proliferative activity of breast cancer cells dependent on the presence or absence of trypsin and serum in the culture medium. PAR-2 is expressed by high levels in infiltrative ductal breast cancer tissue specimens. PAR-2 is also strongly expressed in studied breast cancer cell lines. PAR-2 is activated by trypsin and also by agonistic peptide in the model of breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231. Activation of PAR-2 in vitro influences proliferative and metabolic activity of breast cancer cell line MDA MB-231. The action of trypsin is modified by the presence of serum which is a potential source of protease inhibitors.
Drugs elevating extracellular adenosine administered in vivo induce serum colony-stimulating activity and interleukin-6 in mice
Authors: Weiterová L , Hofer M , Pospíšil M , Znojil V , Štreitová D
Published: September 2021

Our previous studies have shown that the combined administration of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, i.e. dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), enhances murine hematopoiesis and potentiates the action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In this study, colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of blood serum of mice treated with DP+AMP, G-CSF or all these drugs in combination, i.e. the ability of the sera to stimulate the growth of GM-CFC colonies, was assayed in vitro. Furthermore, the concentration of GM-CSF and IL-6 in the sera was determined. Administration of DP+AMP was found to enhance significantly serum CSA at all time intervals of serum sampling including 24 h after the last injection of the tested drugs. Additive effects of DP+AMP and G-CSF on serum CSA were noted at early intervals after administration of the drugs. Furthermore, IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the sera of mice which were administered DP+AMP either alone or in combination with G-CSF. Our results show that the effects of DP+AMP are indirect, mediated through the induction of some cytokine(s) and/or growth factor(s) and that extracellular adenosine can act in cooperation with G-CSF. These findings contribute to the further elucidation of the role of adenosine in hematopoiesis.
Depression and/or potentiation of cortical responses after status epilepticus in immature rats
Authors: Tsenov G , Mareš P
Published: September 2021

Lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) resulted in delayed changes of single cortical interhemisperic (transcallosal) responses in immature rats. Low-frequency stimulation inducing depression and/or potentiation was studied to analyze possible dynamic changes in cortical responses. Status was elicited in 12-day-old (SE12) or 25-day-old (SE25) rats. Control siblings received saline instead of pilocarpine. Interhemispheric responses were elicited by stimulation of the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex 3, 6, 9, 13, or 26 days after status. A series of 5 biphasic pulses with intensity equal to twofold threshold were used for stimulation. The interval between pulses was 100, 125, 160, 200 or 300 ms, eight responses were always averaged. Peak amplitude of the first positive, first negative and second positive waves was measured and responses to the second, third, fourth and fifth pulse were compared with the first one. Animals after status epilepticus as well as lithium-paraldehyde controls exhibit a frequency depression at nearly all the intervals studied. An outlined increase of responses in SE rats in comparison with the controls three days after SE stayed just below the level of statistical significance. In addition, animals in the SE12 group exhibited potentiation of responses at this interval after SE. With longer intervals after SE, the relation between SE and control animals changed twice resulting in a tendency to lower amplitude of responses in SE than in control rats 26 days after SE. Rats in the SE25 group exhibited higher responses than controls 13 days after status, but this difference was not present at the longest interval after SE. Low-frequency stimulation did not reveal increased cortical excitability as a long-lasting consequence of status epilepticus induced in immature rats. In addition, the outlined differences between SE and control rats changed with the time after SE.
‘The Opium-Eater Boasteth Himself to be a Philosopher’: Bodily Subjection and Intellectual Self-fashioning in De Quincey's 1821 ‘Confessions’
Authors: Roberts Daniel S.
Published: September 2021

De Quincey's assertion in the 1821 ‘Confessions’ that the effects of opium were ‘always, and in the highest degree, to excite and stimulate the system’, establishes him in contemporary medical discourse as a follower of Brunonianism. Yet, against this indubitably pharmacological and bodily strain, the ‘Confessions’ also insists upon an intellectual aspect to the opium-eater's dreaming, his ability to dream imaginatively. This essay seeks to relate these discursive tensions in De Quincey, rooted in Enlightenment ideas of the human nervous system held in equilibrium, to his self-presentation as an addict and a philosopher in his autobiographical writings, and to his critical thinking. As I argue, the physiological theory of Brunonianism in the ‘Confessions’ is complemented by an equal emphasis on moral and intellectual development embedded in the ideas of Hartleian psychology which provide a balancing view of body and (embodied) mind in De Quincey's thinking.
Delinquency (if I may coin that word) and the Conditions of an English Leg-Puller
Authors: Keanie Andrew
Published: September 2021

In 1821, like a messenger out of the dark (or a literary leg-puller), the English Opium-Eater arrived as if offering some saving play of mind in an obdurately literalising age. He conflated the two most reputedly chthonic regions: Hell, and the East. The language was ravishing, precise, unpredictable, and viscerally xenophobic (‘… in China or Indostan … I was kissed, with cancerous kisses, by crocodiles; and laid, confounded with all unutterable slimy things …’). De Quincey was not to be taken too seriously.

But the author of ‘Confessions’ has inspired some poised indignation. For example, for Albert Goldman, De Quincey was more of a literary taker than a giver, and not least as Wordsworth and Coleridge's most prolific plagiarist. Arguably though, such a criticism looks unhelpfully hard-nosed when one considers the self-consciousness of De Quincey's secondariness, the deeply disturbed state of his mind, and the counter-inflationary quality of his sense of humour.
The Twinning Problem
Authors: Böhmer Christian , Corcoran Luke , Einav Amit , Hall Cameron L. , Harris James P. , Midgley Laura , Negus Michael J. , Peyerimhoff Norbert
Published: September 2021

In the field of crystallography, some crystals are not made of a single component but are instead twinned.In these cases, the observed intensities at some points in the lattice will be far larger than predictions. If we find the rotation associated to the twinned component, we can model this twin and improve our agreement with observations. In this report, we explore many routes to improve the process of identifying twins: Generation of fake data for better understanding and accurate testing. The representation of a rotation as defined by an axis and angle. The representation of a rotation as a quaternion. Using lattice points which must be equidistant from the origin to create our viable rotations. An algorithm focused on restricted possibilities. An exploration of 2D lattices for which twinning is mathematically impossible. We find that there is much to be investigated in the field of twinning.
Utilization of a Wheat Sidestream for 5-Aminovalerate Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Burgardt Arthur , Prell Carina , Wendisch Volker F.
Published: September 2021

Production of plastics from petroleum-based raw materials extensively contributes to global pollution and CO2 emissions. Biotechnological production of functionalized monomers can reduce the environmental impact, in particular when using industrial sidestreams as feedstocks. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used in the million-ton-scale amino acid production, has been engineered for sustainable production of polyamide monomers. In this study, wheat sidestream concentrate (WSC) from industrial starch production was utilized for production of l-lysine–derived bifunctional monomers using metabolically engineered C. glutamicum strains. Growth of C. glutamicum on WSC was observed and could be improved by hydrolysis of WSC. By heterologous expression of the genes xylAXcBCg (xylA from Xanthomonas campestris) and araBADEc from E. coli, xylose, and arabinose in WSC hydrolysate (WSCH), in addition to glucose, could be consumed, and production of l-lysine could be increased. WSCH-based production of cadaverine and 5-aminovalerate (5AVA) was enabled. To this end, the lysine decarboxylase gene ldcCEc from E. coli was expressed alone or for conversion to 5AVA cascaded either with putrescine transaminase and dehydrogenase genes patDAEc from E. coli or with putrescine oxidase gene puoRq from Rhodococcus qingshengii and patDEc. Deletion of the l-glutamate dehydrogenase–encoding gene gdh reduced formation of l-glutamate as a side product for strains with either of the cascades. Since the former cascade (ldcCEc-patDAEc) yields l-glutamate, 5AVA production is coupled to growth by flux enforcement resulting in the highest 5AVA titer obtained with WSCH-based media.
Magnetically Enhanced Liquid SERS for Ultrasensitive Analysis of Bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers
Authors: Ji Zhang , Zhang Chuan , Ye Yang , Ji Jiali , Dong Hongguang , Forsberg Erik , Cheng Xiaoyu , He Sailing
Published: September 2021

In this work, it is shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements can be performed using liquid platforms to perform bioanalysis at sub-pM concentrations. Using magnetic enrichment with gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles, the high sensitivity was verified with nucleic acid and protein targets. The former was performed with a DNA fragment associated with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and the latter using IgG antibody, a biomarker for COVID-19 screening. It is anticipated that this work will inspire studies on ultrasensitive SERS analyzers suitable for large-scale applications, which is particularly important for in vitro diagnostics and environmental studies.
Obesity Inhibits Angiogenesis Through TWIST1-SLIT2 Signaling
Authors: Hunyenyiwa Tendai , Hendee Kathryn , Matus Kienna , Kyi Priscilla , Mammoto Tadanori , Mammoto Akiko
Published: September 2021

Angiogenesis is required for functional adipose tissue maintenance, remodeling, and expansion. Physiologically balanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis are inhibited in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese humans. However, the mechanism by which angiogenesis is inhibited in obese adipose tissue is not fully understood. Transcription factor TWIST1 controls angiogenesis and vascular function. TWIST1 expression is lower in obese human adipose tissues. Here, we have demonstrated that angiogenesis is inhibited in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from adipose tissues of obese humans through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling. The levels of TWIST1 and SLIT2 are lower in ECs isolated from obese human adipose tissues compared to those from lean tissues. Knockdown of TWIST1 in lean human adipose ECs decreases, while overexpression of TWIST1 in obese adipose ECs restores SLIT2 expression. DNA synthesis and cell migration are inhibited in obese adipose ECs and the effects are restored by TWIST1 overexpression. Obese adipose ECs also inhibit blood vessel formation in the gel subcutaneously implanted in mice, while these effects are restored when gels are mixed with SLIT2 or supplemented with ECs overexpressing TWIST1. These findings suggest that obesity impairs adipose tissue angiogenesis through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling.
Avian Primordial Germ Cells Are Bipotent for Male or Female Gametogenesis
Authors: Ballantyne Maeve , Taylor Lorna , Hu Tuanjun , Meunier Dominique , Nandi Sunil , Sherman Adrian , Flack Brenda , Henshall John M. , Hawken Rachel J. , McGrew Mike J.
Published: September 2021

In birds, males are the homogametic sex (ZZ) and females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). Here, we investigate the role of chromosomal sex and germ cell competition on avian germ cell differentiation. We recently developed genetically sterile layer cockerels and hens for use as surrogate hosts for primordial germ cell (PGC) transplantation. Using in vitro propagated and cryopreserved PGCs from a pedigree Silkie broiler breed, we now demonstrate that sterile surrogate layer hosts injected with same sex PGCs have normal fertility and produced pure breed Silkie broiler offspring when directly mated to each other in Sire Dam Surrogate mating. We found that female sterile hosts carrying chromosomally male (ZZ) PGCs formed functional oocytes and eggs, which gave rise to 100% male offspring after fertilization. Unexpectedly, we also observed that chromosomally female (ZW) PGCs carried by male sterile hosts formed functional spermatozoa and produced viable offspring. These findings demonstrate that avian PGCs are not sexually restricted for functional gamete formation and provide new insights for the cryopreservation of poultry and other bird species using diploid stage germ cells.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived TDP-43 Mutant Neurons Exhibit Consistent Functional Phenotypes Across Multiple Gene Edited Lines Despite Transcriptomic and Splicing Discrepancies
Authors: Smith Alec S. T. , Chun Changho , Hesson Jennifer , Mathieu Julie , Valdmanis Paul N. , Mack David L. , Choi Byung-Ok , Kim Deok-Ho , Bothwell Mark
Published: September 2021

Gene editing technologies hold great potential to enhance our ability to model inheritable neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, engineering multiple amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mutations into isogenic cell populations facilitates determination of whether different causal mutations cause pathology via shared mechanisms, and provides the capacity to separate these mechanisms from genotype-specific effects. As gene-edited, cell-based models of human disease become more commonplace, there is an urgent need to verify that these models constitute consistent and accurate representations of native biology. Here, commercially sourced, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from Cellular Dynamics International, edited to express the ALS-relevant mutations TDP-43M337V and TDP-43Q331K were compared with in-house derived lines engineered to express the TDP-43Q331K mutation within the WTC11 background. Our results highlight electrophysiological and mitochondrial deficits in these edited cells that correlate with patient-derived cells, suggesting a consistent cellular phenotype arising from TDP-43 mutation. However, significant differences in the transcriptomic profiles and splicing behavior of the edited cells underscores the need for careful comparison of multiple lines when attempting to use these cells as a means to better understand the onset and progression of ALS in humans.