bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De novo design of an intercellular signaling toolbox for multi-channel cell–cell communication and biological computation
Authors: Du Pei , Zhao Huiwei , Zhang Haoqian , Wang Ruisha , Huang Jianyi , Tian Ye , Luo Xudong , Luo Xunxun , Wang Min , Xiang Yanhui , Qian Long , Chen Yihua , Tao Yong , Lou Chunbo
Published: August 2020

Intercellular signaling is indispensable for single cells to form complex biological structures, such as biofilms, tissues and organs. The genetic tools available for engineering intercellular signaling, however, are quite limited. Here we exploit the chemical diversity of biological small molecules to de novo design a genetic toolbox for high-performance, multi-channel cell–cell communications and biological computations. By biosynthetic pathway design for signal molecules, rational engineering of sensing promoters and directed evolution of sensing transcription factors, we obtain six cell–cell signaling channels in bacteria with orthogonality far exceeding the conventional quorum sensing systems and successfully transfer some of them into yeast and human cells. For demonstration, they are applied in cell consortia to generate bacterial colony-patterns using up to four signaling channels simultaneously and to implement distributed bio-computation containing seven different strains as basic units. This intercellular signaling toolbox paves the way for engineering complex multicellularity including artificial ecosystems and smart tissues.
Efficient open cultivation of cyanidialean red algae in acidified seawater
Authors: Hirooka Shunsuke , Tomita Reiko , Fujiwara Takayuki , Ohnuma Mio , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Miyagishima Shin-ya
Published: August 2020

Microalgae possess high potential for producing pigments, antioxidants, and lipophilic compounds for industrial applications. However, their open pond cultures are often contaminated by other undesirable organisms, including their predators. In addition, the cost of using freshwater is relatively high, which limits the location and scale of cultivation compared with using seawater. It was previously shown that Cyanidium caldarium and Galdieria sulphuraria, but not Cyanidioschyzon merolae grew in media containing NaCl at a concentration equivalent to seawater. We found that the preculture of C. merolae in the presence of a moderate NaCl concentration enabled the cells to grow in the seawater-based medium. The cultivation of cyanidialean red algae in the seawater-based medium did not require additional pH buffering chemicals. In addition, the combination of seawater and acidic conditions reduced the risk of contamination by other organisms in the nonsterile open culture of C. merolae more efficiently than the acidic condition alone.
Gut bacteria-derived peptidoglycan induces a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype via NF-κB-dependent insulin/PI3K signaling reduction in Drosophila renal system
Authors: Zugasti Olivier , Tavignot Raphäel , Royet Julien
Published: August 2020

Although microbiome–host interactions are usual at steady state, gut microbiota dysbiosis can unbalance the physiological and behavioral parameters of the host, mostly via yet not understood mechanisms. Using the Drosophila model, we investigated the consequences of a gut chronic dysbiosis on the host physiology. Our results show that adult flies chronically infected with the non-pathogenic Erwinia carotorova caotovora bacteria displayed organ degeneration resembling wasting-like phenotypes reminiscent of Metabolic Syndrome associated pathologies. Genetic manipulations demonstrate that a local reduction of insulin signaling consecutive to a peptidoglycan-dependent NF-κB activation in the excretory system of the flies is responsible for several of the observed phenotypes. This work establishes a functional crosstalk between bacteria-derived peptidoglycan and the immune NF-κB cascade that contributes to the onset of metabolic disorders by reducing insulin signal transduction. Giving the high degree of evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms and pathways involved, this study is likely to provide a helpful model to elucidate the contribution of altered intestinal microbiota in triggering human chronic kidney diseases.
Kinetic analysis of effects of temperature and time on the regulation of venom expression in Bungarus multicinctus
Authors: Yin Xianmei , Guo Shuai , Gao Jihai , Luo Lu , Liao Xuejiao , Li Mingqian , Su He , Huang Zhihai , Xu Jiang , Pei Jin , Chen Shilin
Published: August 2020

Venom gland is a highly efficient venom production system to maintain their predatory arsenal. Venom toxins mRNA has been shown to increase abruptly in snake after venom expenditure, while the dynamics of venom accumulation during synthesis are poorly understood. Here, PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and label-free proteome quantification were used to investigate the composition landscape and time- and temperature-dependent dynamics changes of the Bungarus multicinctus venom gland system. Transcriptome data (19.5223 Gb) from six adult B. multicinctus tissues were sequenced using PacBio RS II to generate a reference assembly, and average 7.28 Gb of clean RNA-seq data was obtained from venom glands by Illumina sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly were protein processing rather than venom toxins. Post-translational modifications provided the evidence of the significantly different proportions of toxins in the venom proteome with the changing of replenishment time and temperature, but constant of venom toxins mRNA in the venom gland transcriptome. Dynamic of toxins and genes involved in venom gland contraction suggesting the formation of the mature venom gland system would take at least 9 days. In addition, 59 toxin processing genes were identified, peptidylprolyl isomerase B of which underwent positive selection in Toxicofera. These results provide a reference for determining the extraction time of venom, production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody for precise treatment plans of venomous snakebites, and construction of an in vitro synthesis system for snake venom protein.
Genome editing with the donor plasmid equipped with synthetic crRNA-target sequence
Authors: Ishibashi Riki , Abe Kota , Ido Nanami , Kitano Satsuki , Miyachi Hitoshi , Toyoshima Fumiko
Published: August 2020

CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool for generating genetically mutated cells and organisms. Linearisation of donor cassettes with this system has been shown to facilitate both transgene donor insertion and targeted knock-in. Here, we developed a donor plasmid that we name pCriMGET (plasmid of syntheticCRISPR coded RNA target sequence-equipped donor plasmid-mediatedgenetargeting), in which an off-target free synthetic CRISPR coded RNA-target sequence (syn-crRNA-TS) is incorporated with a multi-cloning site, where a donor cassette can be inserted. With co-expression of Cas9 and the syn-crRNA-TS guide RNA (gRNA), pCriMGET provides a linearised donor cassette in vivo, thereby promoting the transgene donor insertion and targeted knock-in. When co-injected with Cas9 protein and gRNA into murine zygotes, pCriMGET yielded around 20% transgene insertion in embryos. This method also achieved more than 25% in-frame knock-in at the mouseTbx3gene locus without predicted insertion–deletion mutations using a transgene donor with 400-bp homology arms. pCriMGET is therefore useful as a versatile CRISPR/Cas9-cleavable donor plasmid for efficient integration and targeted knock-in of exogenous DNA in mice.
Lateralization of social signal brain processing correlates with the degree of social integration in a songbird
Authors: Cousillas Hugo , Henry Laurence , George Isabelle , Marchesseau Schedir , Hausberger Martine
Published: August 2020

Group cohesion relies on the ability of its members to process social signals. Songbirds provide a unique model to investigate links between group functioning and brain processing of social acoustic signals. In the present study, we performed both behavioral observations of social relationships within a group of starlings and individual electrophysiological recordings of HVC neuronal activity during the broadcast of either familiar or unfamiliar individual songs. This allowed us to evaluate and compare preferred partnerships and individual electrophysiological profiles. The electrophysiological results revealed asymmetric neuronal activity in the HVC and higher responsiveness to familiar than to unfamiliar songs. However, most importantly, we found a correlation between strength of cerebral asymmetry and social integration in the group: the more preferred partners a bird had, the more its HVC neuronal activity was lateralized. Laterality is likely to give advantages in terms of survival. Our results suggest that these include social skill advantages. Better knowledge of links between social integration and lateralization of social signal processing should help understand why and how lateralization has evolved.
The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II/III colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhuang , Yan Na , Pan Shu , Wang Dun-wei , Li Zhi-wen
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to assess the benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II–III colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Qualified postoperative patients were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 until 2015. We collected 1675 patients in the research, and 936 patients were subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy group. The proportions of married status, male, rectal cancer, grade III/IV, AJCC stage III and radiotherapy were higher; While, the rates of white race, ≥ 65 years old and located in cecum–transverse colon were lower in patients of chemotherapy group compared to no chemotherapy group (all P < 0.05). K-M plots revealed significantly better OS of adjuvant chemotherapy group than no chemotherapy group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significantly different in CSS between the two groups (P = 0.93). However, after adjusting for confounding factors by multivariable Cox regression analysis, receipt of postoperative chemotherapy was still associated with better CSS and OS (CSS: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.719, 95% CI 0.612–0.844, P < 0.001) ; (OS: HR = 0.618, 95% CI 0.537–0.713, P < 0.001). Patients with stage II/III colorectal SRCC could receive survival benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Social learning exploits the available auditory or visual cues
Authors: Paraouty Nihaad , Charbonneau Joey A. , Sanes Dan H.
Published: August 2020

The ability to acquire a behavior can be facilitated by exposure to a conspecific demonstrator. Such social learning occurs under a range of conditions in nature. Here, we tested the idea that social learning can benefit from any available sensory cue, thereby permitting learning under different natural conditions. The ability of naïve gerbils to learn a sound discrimination task following 5 days of exposure adjacent to a demonstrator gerbil was tested in the presence or absence of visual cues. Naïve gerbils acquired the task significantly faster in either condition, as compared to controls. We also found that exposure to a demonstrator was more potent in facilitating learning, as compared to exposure to the sounds used to perform the discrimination task. Therefore, social learning was found to be flexible and equally efficient in the auditory or visual domains.
Quantifying the evolution of atomic interaction of a complex surface with a functionalized atomic force microscopy tip
Authors: Liebig Alexander , Hapala Prokop , Weymouth Alfred J. , Giessibl Franz J.
Published: August 2020

Terminating the tip of an atomic force microscope with a CO molecule allows data to be acquired with a well-known and inert apex. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the electrostatic interaction, indicating in some cases that the negative charge at the apex of the CO dominates, whereas in other cases the positive charge at the end of the metal tip dominates. To clarify this, we investigated $$\hbox {CaF}_{2}$$

CaF
2

(111). $$\hbox {CaF}_{2}$$

CaF
2

is an ionic crystal and the (111) surface does not possess charge inversion symmetry. Far from the surface, the interaction is dominated by electrostatics via the negative charge at the apex. Closer to the surface, Pauli repulsion and CO bending dominate, which leads to an unexpected appearance of the complex 3-atom unit cell. We compare simulated data in which the electrostatics are modeled by point particles versus a charge density calculated by DFT. We also compare modeling Pauli repulsion via individual Lennard–Jones potentials versus a total charge density overlap. In doing so, we determine forcefield parameters useful for future investigations of biochemical processes.
A machine learning tool for interpretation of Mass Transport Deposits from seismic data
Authors: Kumar Priyadarshi Chinmoy , Sain Kalachand
Published: August 2020

Machine learning is a tool that allows machines or intelligent systems to learn and get equipped to solve complex problems in predicting reliable outcome. The learning process consists of a set of computer algorithms that are employed to a small segment of data with a view to speed up realistic interpretation from entire data without extensive human intervention. Here we present an approach of supervised learning based on artificial neural network to automate the process of delineating structural distribution of Mass Transport Deposit (MTD) from 3D reflection seismic data. The responses, defined by a set of individual attributes, corresponding to the MTD, are computed from seismic volume and amalgamated them into a hybrid attribute. This generated new attribute, called as MTD Cube meta-attribute, does not only define the subsurface architecture of MTD distinctly but also reduces the human involvement thereby accelerating the process of interpretation. The system, after being fully trained, quality checked and validated, automatically delimits the structural geometry of MTDs within the Karewa prospect in northern Taranaki Basin off New Zealand, where MTDs are evidenced.
New insights on improved growth and biogas production potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa through intermittent iron oxide nanoparticle supplementation
Authors: Rana Mohit Singh , Bhushan Shashi , Prajapati Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2020

In the present work, the effect of α-Fe2O3-nanoparticles (IONPs) supplementation at varying doses (0, 10, 20 and, 30 mg L−1) at the intermittent stage (after 12th day of growth period) was studied on the growth and biogas production potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Significant enhancements in microalgae growth were observed with all the tested IONPs doses, the highest (2.94 ± 0.01 g L−1) being at 20 mg L−1. Consequently, the composition of the biomass was also improved. Based on the precedent determinations, theoretical chemical oxygen demand (CODth) as well as theoretical and stoichiometric methane potential (TMP, and SMP) were also estimated. The CODth, TMP, SMP values indicated IONPs efficacy for improving biogas productivity. Further, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was done for IONPs supplemented biomass. The BMP test revealed up to a 25.14% rise in biogas yield (605 mL g–1 VSfed) with 22.4% enhanced methane content for 30 mg L−1 IONPs supplemented biomass over control. Overall, at 30 mg L−1 IONPs supplementation, the cumulative enhancements in biomass, biogas, and methane content proffered a net rise of 98.63% in biomethane potential (≈ 2.86 × 104 m3 ha−1 year−1) compared to control. These findings reveal the potential of IONPs in improving microalgal biogas production.
The Interaction of Nutrition with Nuclear Receptors in Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Tovar-Palacio Claudia , Noriega Lilia G. , Villalvazo Ivan Torre , Díaz-Villaseñor Andrea , Palacios-González Berenice
Published: August 2020

Dietary components can bind and activate metabolic nuclear receptors, modulating the metabolic complications of obesity and diabetes in different tissues. In the intestine, an HFD induces microbiota dysbiosis, decreasing the production of nuclear receptor ligands such as butyrate and secondary BAs and thus reducing the activation of PPARγ and FXR. Polyphenols and dietary fiber increase butyrate levels, reestablishing homeostasis. In the liver, polyphenols and sterols can activate PPARα and LXRs, increasing fatty acid oxidation, and reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol and BA excretion, preventing fatty liver and atherosclerosis. In white adipose tissue, PUFAs, soy protein, and polyphenols modulate adipogenesis through PPARγ and LXRα and fatty acid oxidation via PPARα, generating insulin-sensitive adipocytes, whereas in brown adipose tissue these components induce fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis. In skeletal muscle, polyphenols and PUFAs modulate lipid oxidation through PPARα, PPAPβ/δ, LXRα, LPXβ, and ERRα to maintain insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function. Finally, in the kidney, HFD causes renal lipid accumulation and renal injury; however, activation of PPARs by polyphenols reduces mesangial expansion, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and proteinuria. Therefore, the interaction between the nuclear receptors and nutrients cannot be generalized in all tissues since these interactions have a tissue-dependent pattern. Thus, understanding the interaction between dietary components and nuclear receptors in metabolic tissues could suggest new approaches to the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. Knowing the interaction between nutrients and the functioning of nuclear receptors in each organ allows us to have a comprehensive view of obesity and diabetes.
Proteomics in Nutrition, Obesity and Diabetes Research
Authors: Ruiz-Limon P. , Balongo M. , Insenser M. , Tinahones F. J. , Murri M.
Published: August 2020

Although advances in nutritional research have increased in recent years, the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in nutritional responses are poorly understood and no one individual technology allows us to obtain the big picture of nutrition network. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the complementary “omics” technologies and computational analysis to provide a more thorough understanding of how diet may influence health and disease and to apply this knowledge to clinical medicine and diagnostics. By applying the proteomics approach, new biomarker signatures will be discovered in the obesity and Type 2 diabetes field, which might be useful in the prevention and treatment of these complex diseases. The goal of future proteomics research might be personalized medicine. This chapter aims to present the current state of knowledge about proteomics studies of nutritional interventions in the management of diabetes and obesity. Firstly, this chapter reviews the proteomics approaches used for identification and quantification of proteins in nutritional signaling studies. Secondly, proteins altered by food supplements or diets in obesity and diabetes are summarized. And finally, the use of the proteomics approach for the study of diabetes and obesity is discussed. In the next years, it will be necessary to address the individual physiological response to changes in nutrient interventions at protein level. This requires more exploration in nutritional research, overcoming the challenges of protein analysis and applying more robust and sensitive proteomics strategies. These are steps in the right direction to unravel relevant proteins associated with obesity and diabetes.
Electrospun nanofibers in cancer research: from engineering ofin vitro3D cancer models to therapy
Authors: Cavo Marta , Serio Francesca , Kale Narendra R. , D'Amone Eliana , Gigli Giuseppe , del Mercato Loretta L.
Published: August 2020

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances of electrospun biomaterials in the field of cancer research and highlights their future prospects.
A mechanistic insight into the rapid and selective removal of Congo Red by an amide functionalised Zn(ii) coordination polymer
Authors: Paul Anup , Das Kabita , Karmakar Anirban , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: August 2020

1D Zn(ii) CP 1 shows a selective removal of the Congo Red dye amongst various dyes.
The wet chemical synthesis of surfactant-capped quasi-spherical silver nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial activity
Authors: Mahmood Marryam , Abid Mehwish , Nazar Muhammad Faizan , Zafar Muhammad Nadeem , Raza Muhammad Asam , Ashfaq Muhammad , Khan Asad Muhammad , Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Zubair Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in many applications in the biomedical field because of their unique structural flexibility.
Synthesis and application of core–shell liquid metal particles: a perspective of surface engineering
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Wei , Wang Hao
Published: August 2020

This review answers how to manipulate the surface/interface chemistry of liquid metal micro/nanomaterials for improved applications.
The oxygen vacancy in Li-ion battery cathode materials
Authors: Tang Zhen-Kun , Xue Yu-Feng , Teobaldi Gilberto , Liu Li-Min
Published: August 2020

Oxygen vacancies can promote Li-ion diffusion, reduce the charge transfer resistance, and improve the capacity and rate performance of Li-ion batteries. However, oxygen vacancies can also lead to accelerated degradation of the cathode material structure, and lead to phase transition etc.
The impact of synthetic method on the catalytic application of intermetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Williams Benjamin P. , Qi Zhiyuan , Huang Wenyu , Tsung Chia-Kuang
Published: August 2020

This review seeks to connect the synthetic method and catalytic application of intermetallic nanoparticles to guide their future development.
Correction: An amplification-free colorimetric test for sensitive DNA detection based on the capturing of gold nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Tatulli Giuseppina , Pompa Pier Paolo
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘An amplification-free colorimetric test for sensitive DNA detection based on the capturing of gold nanoparticle clusters’ by Giuseppina Tatulli, et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 15604–15610, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR03517C.
In vitrocorrosion studies of stainless-steel dental substrates duringPorphyromonas gingivalisbiofilm growth in artificial saliva solutions: providing insights into the role of resident oral bacterium
Authors: Eduok Ubong , Szpunar Jerzy
Published: August 2020

A stainless-steel 321 dental substrate significantly corroded withinPorphyromonas gingivalisgrowth culture in artificial saliva culture suspension, with and without NaF additive.
Discovery of an all-donor aromatic [2]catenane
Authors: Gianga Tiberiu-M. , Audibert Edwige , Trandafir Anamaria , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Pantoş G. Dan
Published: August 2020

An all-donor [2]catenane has been synthesisedviadynamic combinatorial chemistry. It features stacked benzodithiophenes which are quasi-pentacyclic through hydrogen bonding.
Anesthetics significantly increase the amount of intramembrane water in lipid membranes
Authors: Himbert Sebastian , Zhang Lili , Alsop Richard J. , Cristiglio Viviana , Fragneto Giovanna , Rheinstädter Maikel C.
Published: August 2020

We studied the effect anesthetics on the water distribution in lipid bilayers by combining all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and neutron diffraction experiments. We found that anesthetics increase the intramembrane water content by up to 25%.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of perovskite LaMg0.667Nb0.333O3:Mn4+,Bi3+: a novel deep-red phosphor for WLEDs
Authors: Liu Quan , Chen Zhuo , Liu Shuo , Fan Minghan , Yang Kai , Guo Jia , Yu Lei , Liu Zhenyu , Wong Ka-Leung , Wei Bo
Published: August 2020

This perovskite phosphor exhibited excellent thermal stability and the fabricated WLED showed high CRI and low CCT.
Unveiling interface interaction assisted broadband photoresponse of epitaxial 2D Bi2O2Se on perovskite oxides
Authors: Guo Yujie , Song Yekai , Yang Manli , Xu Zhenyu , Xie Haowei , Li Hui , Li Zhuojun , Liang Huawei , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: August 2020

The photoresponse of Bi2O2Se/SrTiO3 photodetectors is governed congruously by photon and thermal-induced effects, which is critically impacted by interfacial interaction.
Organization and function of paraspeckles
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Ling-Ling
Published: August 2020

Paraspeckles are a type of subnuclear bodies built on the long noncoding RNA NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, also known as MEN-ε/β or VINC-1). Paraspeckles are involved in many physiological processes including cellular stress responses, cell differentiation, corpus luteum formation and cancer progression. Recently, ultra-resolution microscopy coupled with multicolor-labeling of paraspeckle components (the NEAT1 RNA and paraspeckle proteins) revealed the exquisite details of paraspeckle structure and function. NEAT1 transcripts are radially arranged to form a core–shell spheroidal structure, while paraspeckle proteins (PSPs) localize within different layers. Functional dissection of NEAT1 shows that the subdomains of NEAT1_2 are important for RNA stability, isoform switching and paraspeckle assembly via a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) mechanism. We review recent progress on structure and organization of paraspeckles as well as how paraspeckles spatiotemporally control gene regulation through sequestration of diverse proteins and RNAs in cells.
Increased Recruitment of Domain-General Neural Networks in Language Processing Following Intensive Language-Action Therapy: fMRI Evidence From People With Chronic Aphasia
Authors: Dreyer Felix R. , Doppelbauer Lea , Büscher Verena , Arndt Verena , Stahl Benjamin , Lucchese Guglielmo , Hauk Olaf , Mohr Bettina , Pulvermüller Friedemann
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to provide novel insights into the neural correlates of language improvement following intensive language-action therapy (ILAT; also known as constraint-induced aphasia therapy).

Method

Sixteen people with chronic aphasia underwent clinical aphasia assessment (Aachen Aphasia Test [AAT]), as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), both administered before (T1) and after ILAT (T2). The fMRI task included passive reading of single written words, with hashmark strings as visual baseline.

Results

Behavioral results indicated significant improvements of AAT scores across therapy, and fMRI results showed T2–T1 blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in the left precuneus to be modulated by the degree of AAT score increase. Subsequent region-of-interest analysis of this precuneus cluster confirmed a positive correlation of T2–T1 BOLD signal change and improvement on the clinical aphasia test. Similarly, the entire default mode network revealed a positive correlation between T2–T1 BOLD signal change and clinical language improvement.

Conclusion

These results are consistent with a more efficient recruitment of domain-general neural networks in language processing, including those involved in attentional control, following aphasia therapy with ILAT.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12765755
Validity of the Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2: A Test of Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Schow Ronald L. , Whitaker Mary M. , Seikel J. Anthony , Brockett Jeff E. , Domitz Vieira Deborah M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

A normative study using the Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2 (MAPA-2; Schow et al., 2018) was recently completed. With access to these data, the authors extend that work and support a definite construct for auditory processing disorder (APD). The goal here is to examine MAPA-2 reliability and validity (construct, content, and concurrent). Evidence for the APD construct is further buttressed by measures of sensitivity and specificity. Results of MAPA-2 testing on children diagnosed with learning disability (LD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific language impairment (SLI) are included.

Method

Normative data (previously published as the MAPA-2) allowing derivation of these findings included a representative sample of 748 children (53% girls) ages 7–14 years tested by 54 speech-language pathologists and audiologists in 27 U.S. states. The authors examined diagnostic accuracy based on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2005) criteria (index test) for confirmed cases of APD. The index was also used to identify listening problems for three other diagnostic categories (LD, ADHD, and SLI). Validated questionnaire responses from parents and school personnel allowed incorporation of functional measures widely supported in APD diagnosis but unavailable with other normative and sensitivity/specificity studies.

Results

Reliability and validity were both satisfactory, and diagnostic accuracy for an APD group of 18 (28% female) compared to the remaining typical group of 625 yielded 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity. The remaining three groups (LD, ADHD, and SLI), where comorbidity was expected to be about 50%, had APD-type listening problems with a prevalence ranging from 52% to 65%.

Conclusions

Current results provide important evidence for the construct of APD. The MAPA-2 can be administered by an audiologist or speech-language pathologist. A similar diagnostic protocol in Australia yielded positive therapeutic gains. Further study is encouraged to determine if the present positive findings will be found in future research.
SUPER
Authors: Kakkad D. , Mainieri V. , Vietri G. , Carniani S. , Harrison C. M. , Perna M. , Scholtz J. , Circosta C. , Cresci G. , Husemann B. , Bischetti M. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Marconi A. , Padovani P. , Brusa M. , Cicone C. , Comastri A. , Lanzuisi G. , Mannucci F. , Menci N. , Netzer H. , Piconcelli E. , Puglisi A. , Salvato M. , Schramm M. , Silverman J. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. , Zappacosta L.
Published: August 2020

Aims.The SINFONI survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback (SUPER) aims to trace and characterise ionised gas outflows and their impact on star formation in a statistical sample of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) atz ∼ 2. We present the first SINFONI results for a sample of 21 Type 1 AGN spanning a wide range in bolometric luminosity (logLbol= 45.4–47.9 erg s−1). The main aims of this paper are to determine the extension of the ionised gas, characterise the occurrence of AGN-driven outflows, and link the properties of such outflows with those of the AGN.

Methods.We used adaptive optics-assisted SINFONI observations to trace ionised gas in the extended narrow line region using the [O III]λ5007 line. We classified a target as hosting an outflow if its non-parametric velocity of the [O III] line,w80, was larger than 600 km s−1. We studied the presence of extended emission using dedicated point-spread function (PSF) observations, after modelling the PSF from the Balmer lines originating from the broad line region.

Results.We detect outflows in all the Type 1 AGN sample based on thew80value from the integrated spectrum, which is in the range ∼650–2700 km s−1. There is a clear positive correlation betweenw80and the AGN bolometric luminosity (> 99% correlation probability), and the black hole mass (98% correlation probability). A comparison of the PSF and the [O III] radial profile shows that the [O III] emission is spatially resolved for ∼35% of the Type 1 sample and the outflows show an extension up to ∼6 kpc. The relation between maximum velocity and the bolometric luminosity is consistent with model predictions for shocks from an AGN-driven outflow. The escape fraction of the outflowing gas increases with the AGN luminosity, although for most galaxies, this fraction is less than 10%.
Spectroscopic characterization of the known O-star population in Cygnus OB2
Authors: Berlanas S. R. , Herrero A. , Comerón F. , Simón-Díaz S. , Lennon D. J. , Pasquali A. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Sota A. , Pellerín A.
Published: August 2020

Context.Cygnus OB2 provides a unique insight into the high-mass stellar content in one of the largest groups of young massive stars in our Galaxy. Although several studies of its massive population have been carried out over the last decades, an extensive spectroscopic study of the whole known O-star population in the association is still lacking.

Aims.We aim to carry out a spectroscopic characterization of all the currently known O stars in Cygnus OB2, determining the distribution of rotational velocities and accurate stellar parameters to obtain an improved view of the evolutionary status of the region.

Methods.Based on existing and new optical spectroscopy, we performed a detailed quantitative spectroscopic analysis of all the known O-type stars identified in the association. For this purpose, we used the user-friendlyiacob-broadandiacob-gbatautomatized tools, FASTWIND stellar models, and astrometry provided by theGaiasecond data release.

Results.We created the most complete spectroscopic census of O stars carried out so far in Cygnus OB2 using already existing and new spectroscopy. We present the spectra for 78 O-type stars, from which we identify new binary systems, obtain the distribution of rotational velocities, and determine the main stellar parameters for all the stars in the region that have not been detected as double-line spectroscopic binaries. We also derive radii, luminosities, and masses for those stars with reliableGaiaastrometry, in addition to creating the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to interpret the evolutionary status of the association. Finally, we inspect the dynamical state of the population and identify runaway candidates.

Conclusions.Our spectroscopic analysis of the O-star population in Cygnus OB2 has led to the discovery of two new binary systems and the determination of the main stellar parameters, including rotational velocities, luminosities, masses, and radii for all identified stars. This work has shown the improvement reached when using accurate spectroscopic parameters and astrometry for the interpretation of the evolutionary status of a population, revealing, in the case of Cygnus OB2, at least two star-forming bursts at ~3 and ~5 Myr. We find an apparent deficit of very fast rotators in the distribution of rotational velocities. The inspection of the dynamical distribution of the sample has allowed us to identify nine O stars with peculiar proper motions and discuss a possible dynamical ejection scenario or past supernova explosions in the region.
An Improved Control Strategy for the Bus Interlinking Converter Based on Three-level Topology in AC-DC Hybrid Microgrid
Authors: Ren Yuan , Wang Jinhao , Chang Xiao , Du Yi , Zhang Ying , Liu Yizhao , Wang Gangbin
Published: August 2020

Considering the increasing requirements of the AC-DC hybrid microgrid (HMG) for the transmission power capacity and voltage level, the several bus interface converters (BICs) with the two-level PWM converter topology, need to be connected between AC bus and DC bus in parallel, which could generate circulating current and cycle power. The cost of the modular multilevel converter topology based BIC is too high. Hence, this paper proposes to apply the BIC with three-level topology to the HMG, and a droop control strategy with the midpoint potential hysteresis regulation link is designed, which can effectively suppress the fluctuation of midpoint potential without affecting the normal operation of the BIC in the grid connected or off mode. In addition, the principle of neutral point fluctuation and the process of hysteresis control are introduced, and the detailed design of dual-mode control strategy based on droop curve are also given. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved control strategy is verified by simulation.
The Electrical Motorcycle Charger for Application in a Residence
Authors: Jettanasen Chaiyan , Pothisarn Chaichan
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to design the charger for an electric motorcycle and analyze the behavior of voltage and current value during charging. The AC voltage supply from a residence is converted to DC voltage to charge the energy storage system by controlling the voltage and current values suitable for the charge process in all periods. The designed charger is based on the principle of a buck converter with using constant current and constant voltage technique in order to charge a 12 V, 21 Ah lead-acid battery inside the electric motorcycle. By considering the results, the first state of battery charging is a constant current mode by using the current of 5 A with the initial voltage of 55 V. In the second mode, the battery charging is done by constant voltage of 72 V and the current is reduced until the battery is full. Moreover, the charging time is about 6-8 hours.
Wind Turbine Wake Effects on Wind Resource Assessments – a Case Study
Authors: Jin Jia Yi , Ghani Rizwan , Virk Muhammad S.
Published: August 2020

This paper describes a case study of wind turbine wake loss effects on wind resource assessment in cold region. One year wind park SCADA data is used. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based numerical simulations are carried out for wind resource assessment and estimation of resultant Annual Energy Production (AEP). Numerical results are compared with the field SCADA data, where a good agreement is found. To better understand the wind flow physics and effects of wind turbine turbulence wake loss effects, three different wake loss models are used for the numerical simulations, where results with wake model is found in best agreement with the AEP estimation from field SCADA data. A detailed comparison of all wind turbines is also presented with the gross AEP. A preliminary case study about wind park layout optimization has also been carried out which shows that AEP can be improved by optimizing the wind park layout and CFD simulations can be used as a tool in this regards.
Research on Green Modular Design
Authors: Zhongmei Lu , Yu-Che Huang , Cui Bangjun , Ko-Jou Hsiao
Published: August 2020

The so-called “green” product is a relative concept. Because artificial products will more or less consume resources and energy and affect the environment. If a product can be thought of in the “earth way” at the beginning of design, including products and services, it has a lower impact on the environment than the traditional method in the past to achieve the goal of sustainable use. Be green products and the modular design in the green product design method, in addition to extending the life of parts, if its main parts can have a longer life, other components can be modularized according to their average life. Make the parts in each module have the same life, make the best use of them when replacing, and can replace and repair some parts after damage, reduce waste of resources and cost, and achieve the purpose of green design. This study only discusses the modular design for the environment, and discusses the feasible design schemes of its modular design from the green assembly and disassembly methods in its modular design, and then builds the green modular design assembly with case studies and disassembly design principles, and a set of green design assembly and disassembly evaluation benchmarks. According to this method, the best green modularization feasible design scheme of this case is designed.
Kontrafaktische Darstellung des Hirntod-Konzepts
Authors: Beckmann Rainer
Published: August 2020

Das „Konzept des Hirntodes“ wurde nicht in Europa zwischen 1952 und 1960 entwickelt, wie von Dag Moskopp in einem Aufsatz (Nervenheilkunde 2017; 36: 423–432) dargestellt 16. Bis 1960 wurde lediglich der Begriff „Hirntod“ etabliert. Das „Konzept des Hirntodes“ beruht hingegen auf einer Gleichsetzung von „Hirntod“ und „Tod des Menschen“ und wurde erst danach in Zusammenhang mit dem Interesse an der Gewinnung „lebensfrischer“ Organe für Transplantationszwecke propagiert. Maßgeblich geprägt wurde das „Konzept des Hirntodes“ von dem Bericht des Harvard Ad-hoc-Comittees 1968.
Nicht transplantierte Spenderorgane – eine bundesweite Auswertung aller Organangebote für die Lebertransplantation von 2010 bis 2018
Authors: Moosburner Simon , Raschzok Nathanael , Schleicher Christina , Bösebeck Detlef , Gaßner Joseph M.G.V. , Ritschl Paul V. , Rahmel Axel , Sauer Igor M. , Pratschke Johann
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Der Mangel an Spenderorganen für die Lebertransplantation limitiert die Verfügbarkeit dieser lebensrettenden Therapieoption in Deutschland. Die Qualität der potenziell verfügbaren Spenderorgane wurde bislang nicht bundesweit untersucht.

Methoden Analyse aller durch die Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation an Eurotransplant gemeldeten Spenderorgane für die Lebertransplantation im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2018. Kategorisierung transplantierter und nicht transplantierter Organe anhand der histopathologischen Befunde und definierten erweiterten Spenderkriterien.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 8594 Spenderorgane für die Lebertransplantation gemeldet, wovon 15,2 % nicht transplantiert wurden. Im Untersuchungszeitraum stieg der Anteil von Spenderlebern, die mindestens ein erweitertes Spenderkriterium aufwiesen, von 65 % auf 70 % (p = 0,005). Im Jahr 2018 wurden 21 % der gemeldeten Spenderlebern nicht transplantiert; dabei erfüllte über die Hälfte (56 %) mehrere erweiterte Spenderkriterien. Nicht transplantierte Organe stammten signifikant häufiger von Spendern älter als 65 Jahre (41 % vs. 28 %) mit einem BMI > 30 kg/m2 (29 vs. 14 %) und mit erhöhten Leberenzymen (alle p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung Trotz des bestehenden Organmangels in Deutschland wird ein relevanter Anteil der angebotenen Spenderlebern aufgrund unterschiedlicher Qualitätseinschränkungen nicht transplantiert. Dies gibt Anreiz, Konzepte wie z. B. die normotherme Ex-vivo-Maschinenperfusion zur Evaluation, Sicherung und potenziell Verbesserung der Organqualität in den Vordergrund zu rücken.
Sehr verehrte Kolleginnen, sehr geehrte Kollegen, liebe Mitglieder der DGPM,
Authors: Schlößer Rolf
Published: August 2020

zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt konnte man in PubMed unter dem Stichwort
„COVID-19“ ganze 28 057 Treffer finden, und während
Sie diese Zeilen lesen, werden sicher einige Hundert dazu gekommen sein. Dass in
noch nicht einmal einem Jahr so viel über ein Thema in der medizinischen
Literatur publiziert wurde, ist wohl einzigartig, genau wie der völlig neue
Umgang mit einer Erkrankung und ihrer Ursache. Dennoch scheinen wir ihr ziemlich
hilflos gegenüber zu stehen, auch wenn die bisherigen, vor allem die
einfachen Hygiene-Maßnahmen vielen Menschen das Leben gerettet haben.
Prävention mag unspektakulär und unbequem sein, aber sie ist
effektiv. Die Kunst ist es, Empfehlungen zu geben, die angemessen und umsetzbar
sind. Wie immer in der Medizin ist weder das „zu viel“ noch das
„zu wenig“ das Richtige.
A Case of Foramen Magnum and C1–C2 Meningiomas: Double Challenge, One Approach
Authors: Toccaceli Giada , Altieri Roberto , Certo Francesco , Barbagallo Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

Objectives We present a challenging case of a 61-year-old male patient with a double meningioma. The first one was located on the right side of foramen magnum and the second one was located on left anterolateral side of C1–C2.

Background Patient referred at our institution for a progressive spastic paraparesis from approximately 1 year with a recent onset of numbness in right hand. Neuroradiological imaging showed an extra-axial enhancing tumor with a dural tail on the right border of foramen magnum and another contralateral extra-axial enhancing lesion at C1–C2 level (Fig. 1).

Results We have chosen a park bench position. Neurophysiological monitoring was used during both positioning and surgery. A linear skin incision in the occipital region extended to C7 was performed and a suboccipital craniotomy with the laminectomy of C1–C3 was performed (Fig. 2). Videofluroangiography was performed to the best visualization of the vertebral artery position during microsurgical dissection and exposure of craniovertebral junction region. An Y-shape dural opening was executed and two meningiomas was resected with the classical four D steps (devascularize, detach, debulking, and dissect). All anatomical structures were respected and there were no changes at neuromonitoring. Patient was discharged after 10 days in good neurological condition.

Conclusion a single approach for multiple meningiomas of the craniovertebral junction and upper cervical spine region is feasible and effective. Videofluoroangiography as a way to achieve better visualization and control of the vertebral artery, and neurophysiological monitoring are crucial tools to reduce the morbidity of this surgical challenge.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/4w9HCfQZkgg.
Evolution of Care of Orbital Tumors with Radiation Therapy
Authors: Ioakeim-Ioannidou Myrsini , MacDonald Shannon M.
Published: August 2020

Orbital tumors are rare lesions comprising 0.1% of all tumors and less than 20% of all ocular diseases. These lesions in children and adults differ significantly in their incidence, tumor type, and treatment management. Although surgery and systemic therapies are commonly used in the management of these diseases, radiation therapy has become a widely used treatment for both benign and malignant tumors of the orbit. Radiotherapy is used as a definitive treatment to provide local control while avoiding morbidity associated with surgery for some tumors while it is used as an adjuvant treatment following surgical resection for others. For many tumors, radiation provides excellent tumor control with preservation of visual function. This article is dedicated for presenting the most common applications of orbital radiotherapy. A brief overview of the commonly available radiation therapy modalities is given. Dose constraint goals are reviewed and acute and long-term side effects are discussed. Orbital tumors covered in this article include optic glioma, ocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, orbital rhabdomyosarcoma, orbital lymphoma, and lacrimal gland tumors. Background information, indications for radiotherapy, and goals of treatment for each case example are described.
Orbital Schwannoma
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Rabinowitz Mindy R.
Published: August 2020

Orbital schwannomas are rare neoplasms of the orbit. The presenting symptoms are often nonspecific. Classic imaging characteristics seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and orbital ultrasound can be useful to help aid in the diagnosis of orbital schwannoma. When diagnosed, the goal of treatment is complete surgical excision. The location of the tumor within the orbit dictates which surgical approach would provide the best exposure. When complete excision is achieved, recurrence rates are very low.

This article addresses the etiology, patient population, presentation, natural history, and differential diagnosis of orbital schwannomas. Imaging characteristics and histopathologic subtypes are reviewed. Treatment goals, approaches, and specialties involved in the management of these patients is discussed. Finally, a representative case is presented.