bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مفاهيم الاشتقاق ومصطلحاته في الدرس اللغوي العربي
Authors: بوكراع إدريس
Published: June 2024

تمتاز اللغة العربية بعدة خصائص، من أبرزها الاشتقاق؛ هذه الظاهرة التي حظيت بعناية العلماء والباحثين فألفوا فيها الكتب والمقالات الكثيرة. ولكن الموضوع– مع هذا– ما يزال بحاجة إلى تدقيق يجلي حقائقه، ويكشف ما طرأ عليه من تغيرات خلال مراحل التاريخ. وهذا البحث إسهام في تتبع مسار الاشتقاق وتحرير القول فيه لبيان صوره وأنواعه قصد تجاوز الاضطراب في مفاهيمه ومصطلحاته، وملاحظة مآلات المفهوم المختلفة: كتوسعه وانحساره، وعلاقته بنظرية القلب، وجدوى أنواع الاشتقاق في تنمية العربية، ومآلات المصطلح، وخاصة منها: دلالة المصطلح الواحد على أكثر من مفهوم، وتعدد المصطلحات للمفهوم الواحد. وفي سبيل تجاوز الاضطراب في الاشتقاق يوصي البحث بوجوب التمييز بين نظرية ابن جني وبين القلب المكاني، وبين الظواهر اللغوية، والنظريات اللغوية، ومناهج البحث، وتسمية الظواهر والنظريات والوسائل بأسمائها، وجعل الاشتقاق نوعا واحدا فقط يفرد بمصطلح (الاشتقاق)، وتسمية كل مفهوم من المفاهيم الأخرى بمصطلح يناسبه، والتمييز- في وسائل تنمية اللغة العربية- بين الوضع العام والوضع الخاص بالمصطلحات.
مشكلة أصوات التفخيم في العربية الفصحى واللهجات العربية البائدة: دراسة تاريخية مقارنة في صفاتها وأثرها في تشكيل البنية
Authors: الزعبي د. آمنة
Published: June 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى عرض مشكلة من مشكلات تشكيل النظام الصوتي العربي تتعلّق بالأصوات المفخّمة، والتداخل الذي حدث بين هذه المكوّنات من حيث تشكيل بنية الكلمة العربية، وقد حاولت أن تقدّم حلا يفسر هذا التعدد في المخارج والصفات بين القدماء والمعاصرين، مستعملة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي أحيانا، والمنهج التاريخي المقارن أحيانا أخرى. تعرّضت الدراسة للتداخل بين الضاد المعيارية والضاد الضعيفة، والضاد والظاء، والطاء والضاد الحديثة، والطاء المجهورة والطاء المهموسة، وفسرّت بعض مظاهر التداخل بين هذه الأصوات، وكشفت عن أنّ الصاد ظلّت بمنأى عن التداخل مع هذه الأصوات المفخمة.
Mutluluk Endeksi, Eğitim Ve Gelir Seviyesinin Suç Oranına Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Can Şengül
Published: June 2024

Bireyin temel ihtiyaçlarının yeterli seviyede karşılanması günlük hayatta güvenlik duygusunu arttırmaktadır. Ancak yoksulluk, işsizlik veya yaşam tarzına olan baskılar doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak toplumsal çatışma ve suça neden olmaktadır. Yapılan literatür taramasında bireyi suça iten faktörler arasında eğitim, gelir seviyesi, işsizlik oranı ve mutluluk düzeyi olduğu görülmüştür. Suç türleri ise bireye ve topluma karşı işlenen suçlar olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında iki farklı regresyon modeli kurulmuştur. Birinci modelde topluma karşı işlenen suçlar, ikinci modelde bireye karşı işlenen suçlar üzerinde eğitim, gelir seviyesi, mutluluk düzeyi değişkenlerinin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda suç işleme oranı üzerinde eğitim, toplumun mutluluk düzeyi ve gelir seviyesinin anlamlı etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda eğitim ve mutluluk seviyesinde görülen bir birimlik artışın hem topluma karşı hem de bireye karşı işlenen suçlar üzerinde (suç oranını azaltma yönünde) olumlu bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak gelir seviyesindeki artışın her iki model için de olumlu bir etkisi olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Oppositions of Categorical Propositions In Avicenna’s Frame
Authors: Chatti Saloua
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyse categorical propositions and their oppositional relations in Avicenna’s frame. For Avicenna’s expression and conception of categorical propositions is different from those of the authors who preceded him, due to the various conditions he adds to these categorical propositions. These additions make the oppositional relations richer and give rise to many more figures than a simple square. Our analysis exhibits some of these figures by relating all kinds of quantified propositions in various ways. We thus find many squares of oppositions, several octagons, two hexagons and many complex figures which are different from each other and have specific and original structures, due to the propositions they contain. The hexagons are of Blanché’s kind, but one of them is asymmetric. Some octagons are of Buridan’s kind, but one of them is very unusual and seems to be a reversal of Buridan’s octagon. These octagons can also be replaced by cubes, which are three dimensional figures having the same number of vertices.
A Combined Model to Examine Contributory Factors to Vietnamese Employee’s Adoption of Life Insurance with Pension Scheme
Authors: Hung Nguyen Thanh , Anh Tran Thi Xuan , Thu Tran Thanh
Published: June 2024

This paper combined demographic and psychological variables to construct a model of factors influencing Vietnamese employees' adoption of pension scheme insurance. We surveyed the sample 320 long-term working Vietnamese employees to test the significance of seven exploratory variables on the probability of buying a retirement package: Marital status, Age, Educational Level, Income, Location, Attitude toward pension scheme adoption, and Retirement Financial Need. We ran a binary logistics and found the significant positive impact of these above factors on the pension insurance adoption of Vietnamese employees. Like other developing countries, the financial pressure on the state budget of Vietnam became severe when the expansion of the aging population increased dramatically recently. Hence, the findings of this study provide an essential basis for the Vietnamese government, insurance companies, and agents to accelerate pension product adoption together with ensuring social wealth and financial security for older people in the future
Digital Escape Room: Students’ Perceptions as an Educational Tool in Learning Reading Skills
Authors: Nasri Nur Farhana , Ahmad Zaidi Nurul Nadwa , Kamarudin Syaza , Hanafi Madaha , Nasir Zarul Azhar
Published: June 2024

Conventional teaching method that lacks engaging activities for students could become a challenge in learning. Though past literature on the use of digital escape room in classroom is growing, studies related to digital escape rooms in the field of social science such as English language are still in need. As students’ beliefs and perceptions are important in the ability to learn the language, this paper seeks to study students’ perceptions of digital escape room as an educational tool in learning reading skills. This study aims 1) to explore the students’ perceptions of digital escape room as an educational tool in learning English reading skills and 2) to discover the difference in the mean level of perceptions for differing genders and faculties. A quantitative study was carried out on 212 ESL tertiary students from three faculties. Data from questionnaires was tabulated and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The findings revealed that students’ perceptions of the digital escape room in learning reading skills were optimistic. They viewed the escape room as fun, helpful and useful to be applied in other courses as well. It was also unveiled that there was no significant difference in gender or faculty among students who played the escape room. The results of this work provide empirical evidence that digital escape room can serve as a learning method in teaching English reading skills that can benefit students regardless of their gender and educational backgrounds.
Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Öğretim Programı Ders Kazanımlarının 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Aktan Osman , Yurtcu Gülseher
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı 2018 yılı Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) Öğretim Programı (4-12.sınıflar) kazanımlarının 21.yüzyıl becerileri açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın modeli olarak durum çalışması desenlerinden değerlendirici durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri kaynağını 2018 yılı DKAB Öğretim Programı (4-12.sınıflar) kazanımları oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre ders kazanımlarında öğrenme ve yenilenme becerilerine daha çok yer verildiği; bilgi, medya ve teknoloji becerilerinin ise kazanımlarda daha az temsil edildiği belirlenmiştir. Alt beceriler bakımından ilkokul kademesi DKAB kazanımlarında en fazla yer verilen 21.yüzyıl becerileri iletişim, öğrenmeyi öğrenme; ortaokul kademesinde öğrenmeyi öğrenme, eleştirel düşünme; lise kademesi DKAB kazanımlarında ise eleştirel düşünme ve öğrenmeyi öğrenme becerilerinin daha fazla temsil edildiği belirlenmiştir. İlkokul kademesi ders kazanımlarında 21.yüzyıl becerilerinin sınırlı olduğu, ortaokul ve lise kademelerinde ders kazanımlarında becerilere daha fazla yer verildiği belirlenmiştir. Her üç kademede öğrenmeyi öğrenme, eleştirel düşünme, iletişim, esneklik ve uyum ile özyönetim becerilerine daha fazla yer verildiği, diğer becerilerin ders kazanımlarında sınırlı olduğu veya yer almadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak ders kazanımlarında daha az yer verilen ve DKAB Öğretim Programıyla doğrudan ilişkilendirilebilecek iletişim, işbirliği, karar verme, sosyal ve kültürlerarası beceriler gibi becerileri de yansıtan kazanımlara yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Hastane Manevi Danışmanlığına Teolojik Bir Kaynak Önerisi: Buhârî’nin Kitâbu’l-Merdâ Rivayetleri
Authors: Başar Serpil
Published: June 2024

Öz
Bu araştırmada hastanede manevi danışmanlık uygulama içeriğini teorik desteklemek üzere teolojik bir hadis kaynağı olan el-Buhari (256/870)’nin es-Sahih adlı eserinde yer alan Kitabu’l-Merda (Hastalar Bölümü)’daki hadislerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kitabu’l-Merda, başka bir hadis kaynağında yer almayan bir başlıktır ve el-Buhari (256/870), bu açıdan incelenmeye değer bulunmuştur. Betimsel analiz yöntemiyle ilgili literatür taraması ve vaka analizi araçları kullanılan araştırmada, konu ile ilgili diğer hadis kaynakları ile bağlantı kurulmuştur. Yapılan incelemede; “sağlık ve hastalık kavramlarının anlamı, hastalıkta sabır, hastalıkta dua ve hasta ziyareti” temaları elde edilmiş, bu temaların manevi danışmanlık açısından önemi vurgulanmıştır. Nebevi bir dokunuş olarak hadislerin hastanede manevi danışmanlık için bir kaynak olduğu ve araştırılmaya değer olduğu görülmüştür. Müslüman danışan için de hayatının her aşamasında kutsal kitabı olan Kur’an-ı Kerim ve Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.)’e ait hadisler, önemli teolojik bir kaynaktır. Tespitimize göre; manevi danışmanlar, Müslüman danışan için bu kaynaklardan elde ettikleri anlam ve ilkeler ile müdahale içerikleri kullanarak, danışma sürecini yürütebilir ve şifaya eşlik edebilirler. Araştırmada son olarak hastanede manevi danışmanlık uygulama içeriğine uygun örnek bir vaka görüşmesi ve analizi de sunulmuştur.
THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL ERA IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM IN TÜRKİYE
Authors: Ünal Serkan
Published: June 2024

There is no consensus among authors as to when the multi-party system started in Türkiye. While some authors state that the multi-party system in Türkiye started in the Second Constitutional Era, many authors generally accept that the multi-party system in Türkiye started after the Second World War. The second position has become so common that it has come to affect authors’ perceptions; whenever the transition to multi-party system in Türkiye is mentioned, the process that started in 1945 first comes to mind. This study argues that the multi-party system in Türkiye started in the Second Constitutional Era, a view that is contrary to which is widely known and accepted. In this context, the current study aims to reveal this multi-party system by examining various aspects such as the related literature, historical background, and competition of the political parties in the multi-party elections to gain power. The study also aims to challenge conventional wisdom in the literature and change common opinion.
Marlene Dietrich ohne Zigarette?
Authors: Rüdenauer Ulrich , Deutsches Filminstitut
Published: June 2024

Deutsches Filminstitut Frankfurt a.M. (Hrsg.), Thank You For Smoking. Die Zigarette im Film. Belleville Verlag, München 2014. 224 Seiten. 19,80 Euro
Literarisches Wunderland
Authors: Granzin Katharina , Barbara Vanessa
Published: June 2024

Vanessa Barbara, Salatnächte. Aus dem brasilianischen Portugiesisch von Marianne Gareis. A1 Verlag, München 2014. 176 Seiten, 18,80 Euro
Keilschrift, Kodex, Kindle
Authors: Ferchl Irene , Jochum Uwe
Published: June 2024

Uwe Jochum, Bücher. Vom Papyrus zum E-Book. Philipp von Zabern/WBG, Darmstadt 2015. 160 Seiten, 39,95 Euro
Trost schenken, Mut machen
Authors: Frenkel Ulrike , Gerk Andrea
Published: June 2024

Andrea Gerk, Lesen als Medizin. Die wundersame Wirkung der Literatur. Rogner & Bernhard, Berlin 2015. 352 Seiten, 22,95 Euro
La Balanza de Pagos y la Posición de Inversión Internacional de España en 2023
Authors: García del Riego María , Jiménez Martínez Patricia , del Portillo Miguel Gregorio
Published: June 2024

Motivación

La Balanza de Pagos y la Posición de Inversión Internacional informan de las relaciones económicas de España con el resto del mundo. Son relevantes por el impacto que dichas relaciones tienen en la economía nacional. En un contexto de incertidumbre internacional, su análisis resulta todavía de mayor interés.

Ideas principales

•En 2023, la capacidad de financiación de la economía española como porcentaje del PIB alcanzó su máximo histórico desde 1995, debido a la mejora del saldo comercial y a la evolución positiva de los servicios, con el turismo y los otros servicios batiendo récords de ingresos.

•La Posición de Inversión Internacional deudora neta continuó disminuyendo en 2023, hasta situarse en el 52,8 % del PIB, el nivel más bajo en 19 años, como consecuencia del avance del PIB y del importe positivo de las transacciones financieras con el exterior.

•La posición de la inversión directa de España en el exterior y la del exterior en España aumentaron en 2023 debido a unas transacciones de signo positivo, aunque ligeramente inferiores a las del año anterior, y por el signo también positivo de las revalorizaciones.
Role and Importance of Entrepreneurship Support
Authors: Deliu Natalia
Published: June 2024

Dynamic forces such as technological changes, unstable economies, or demographic changes have brought new opportunities and threats to organizations and transformed societies around the world. In order to cope with these changing forces, governments, public and private organizations, and the public are beco-ming more and more aware of the importance of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has become the cornerstone of economic develop-ment. Entrepreneurship is a multifaceted pheno-menon that is analyzed as a process, resource or state of existence. Public awareness of this phenomenon has generated much interest from the academic community and legislators, resulting in the creation of a wide range of business support initiatives. The article con-siders directions of support of entrepreneurship by the state.
Management of Current Assets in the Agri-Food Sector: Analysis Based on the Study Carried out within “RIST” SRL
Authors: Trach Dmitriy , Litvin Aurelia
Published: June 2024

The organization of the production pro-cess (cultivation) of products requires the avai-lability of appropriate resources: material, labour and financial ones. The shortage or surplus of any of them affects the final results of the enterprise’s activities. Therefore, the mana-gement task is to ensure their necessary number, optimal combination, and effective use. The management of current assets re-quires special attention, as they are more volatile. First of all, this applies to agricultural organizations due to the seasonal nature of their production. In the proposed article, this problem is considered on the example of the SRL “Rist” from Rybnita district, which has been operating in the agricultural market for more than 20 years and has more than 8 thousand hectares of arable land in use. This is a sufficient basis for analysing and identifying the main factors that have a decisive impact on the financial state of the enterprise.
Auditoría tributaria preventiva para asegurar el cumplimiento real de las obligaciones fiscales
Authors: Hernández Celis Domingo , Guardia Huamani Efraín Jaime , Monrroy Aime Julián , Fonseca Chávez Freddy Roque , Cruz Gonzales William Enrique , Cruz Chagmani de Paye Carmen Giovanna , Hernández-Celis Vallejos Julia Paola
Published: June 2024

Este libro se ha formulado en base a la tesis denominada: La auditoría tributaria preventiva como herramienta eficaz para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales en las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana, propuesta actual; cuyo problema ha sido identificado en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana. Se ha determinado un alto incumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales formales y sustanciales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana. Esta problemática se expresa en la siguiente pregunta: ¿De qué forma la auditoría tributaria preventiva podrá constituirse en la herramienta eficaz para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana? Ante la problemática, se propone la solución a través de la formulación de la hipótesis: La auditoría tributaria preventiva se constituye en la herramienta eficaz para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana. Este trabajo se ha orientado al siguiente objetivo: Establecer la forma como la auditoría tributaria preventiva podrá constituirse en la herramienta eficaz para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana. La investigación es de tipo explicativa, descriptiva y correlacional; del nivel descriptivo-explicativo; se utilizó los métodos descriptivo e inductivo. El diseño fue el no experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por 10,200 personas y la muestra estuvo compuesta por 370 personas. El tipo de muestreo aplicado es el muestreo probabilístico. Las técnicas utilizadas para la recopilación de datos fueron las encuestas. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario. Se aplicaron las siguientes técnicas de análisis de información: análisis documental, indagación, conciliación de datos, tabulación, comprensión de figuras. Se aplicó las siguientes técnicas de procesamiento de datos: ordenamiento y clasificación, registro manual, proceso computarizado con Excel y proceso computarizado con SPSS. El resultado más importante es que el 83 por ciento de los encuestados acepta que La auditoría tributaria preventiva se constituye en la herramienta eficaz para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales de las pequeñas y medianas empresas industriales de Lima Metropolitana.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СИМБИОТИЧЕСКОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ ДЛЯ УСИЛЕНИЯ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПШЕНИЦЫ
Authors: MAKSIMOVICH S.V. , YERMEKBAY Zh N. , KHAMEDOVA E.T. , OLEYNIKOVA E.A. , SAUBENOVA M.G. , POTOROKO I.Yu.
Published: June 2024

Recent climate changes have significantly impacted agricultural productivity, prompting researchers to investigate the intricate interactions between plants and microorganisms. This article explores the profound influence of microbial allies, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), endophytes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on enhancing wheat's drought tolerance. These microorganisms play pivotal roles in promoting plant growth, enhancing productivity, and conferring resilience to stress factors. Through various mechanisms such as improving root and shoot growth, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant activity, microbial symbiotes contribute to bolstering wheat's drought resilience. The targeted application of drought-tolerant microorganisms offers promising strategies for enhancing wheat's drought tolerance and ensuring agricultural sustainability in the face of changing climatic conditions. This research underscores the importance of harnessing microbial symbiotes to develop resilient wheat cultivars capable of withstanding drought stress, thereby addressing food security challenges in drought-prone regions.

Последние изменения климата значительно повлияли на сельскохозяйственную продуктивность, побудив исследователей изучать сложные взаимодействия между растениями и микроорганизмами. В данной статье рассматривается глубокое влияние микробных союзников, включая бактерии, способствующие росту растений (PGPB), эндофиты и арбускулярные микоризные грибы (AMF), на повышение устойчивости пшеницы к засухе. Эти микроорганизмы играют ключевые роли в стимулировании роста растений, увеличении продуктивности и придании устойчивости к стрессовым факторам. Через различные механизмы, такие как улучшение роста корней и побегов, фотосинтетической активности и антиоксидантной активности, микробные симбионты способствуют укреплению устойчивости пшеницы к засухе. Направленное применение микроорганизмов, устойчивых к засухе, предлагает многообещающие стратегии для повышения устойчивости пшеницы к засухе и обеспечения устойчивости сельского хозяйства в условиях изменяющегося климата. Эти исследования подчеркивают важность использования микробных симбионтов для разработки устойчивых сортов пшеницы, способных выдерживать засушливые условия, тем самым решая проблемы продовольственной безопасности в регионах с засушливым климатом.
ПОЛИЕНОВЫЕ АНТИБИОТИКИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ В ПРОТИВОГРИБКОВОЙ ТЕРАПИИ
Authors: AMANGELDI А.А. , BAIMAKHANOVA B.B. , TRENOZHNIKOVA L.P. , BALGIMBAEVA A.S. , SADANOV A.K. , BEREZIN V.E. , LAKHK O.N. , ORAZYMBET S.E. , KULMAGAMBETOV I.R. , MIRALIMOVA Sh.M.
Published: June 2024

The review article provides information on the producers, chemical nature, spectrum and mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics of polyene antibiotics used in the treatment of human mycoses. Polyene antibiotics play an important role in antifungal therapy, as they directly affect fungal sterols, particularly ergosterol, leading to membrane permeability or inhibition of membrane transport proteins.

В обзорной статье приводятся сведения о продуцентах, химической природе, спектре и механизме действия, фармокинетике полиеновых антибиотиков, применяемых при лечении микозов человека. Полиеновые антибиотики играют важную роль в противогрибковой терапии, поскольку они напрямую воздействуют на грибковые стеролы, в частности эргостерол, что приводит к проницаемости мембран или ингибированию мембранных транспортных белков.
КУЛЬТУРА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК IN VITRO AJUGA TURKESTANICA
Authors: TYNYKULOV M.K. , AKHMETOVA A.B. , ABZHALELOV A.B. , ARYSTANOVA Sh.E. , UTAUBAYEVA A.U. , UALIAKHMETOVA Zh.N. , TUYAKBAYEVA А.U. , ТEMIRKHANOV А.Zh.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the growth rates of cells of new lines obtained by inoculation-strains of the culture of the endemic plant Ajuga turkestanica. Scientific research was conducted in 2022 in the laboratory of biology of cultured cells of the Institute of Plant Physiology named after K.A. Timiryazev. The purpose of the work: to obtain new tissue and cell culture lines in vitro of the endemic Ajuga turkestanica plant, as well as to study the possibility of regulating culture growth and biosynthesis of secondary metabolism products by the influence of various factors. The objects of the study are suspension cultures of Ajuga turkestanica cells. Source material: callus strain Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. At21, received in 2016, as well as ready-made frozen collection bases from the cryobank of the Timiryazev IGF of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Research methods: Obtaining a suspension of cells from callus tissue; cultivation of suspension cultures; determination of growth characteristics of the culture: the content of dry and raw biomass in a liter of medium, the concentration of cells in the medium, the viability of the culture. The results of the evaluation of the growth characteristics of suspension crops were obtained. Practical significance: the obtained suspension cultures can be used for various biotechnological studies, such as the production of biologically active substances, the study of secondary metabolism, the development of biotechnological methods for the production of medicines.

В статье приведены ростовые показатели клеток новых полученных путем инокуляции линий-штаммов культуры эндемичного растения Ajuga turkestanica. Научные исследования проведены в 2022 году в лаборатории биологии культивируемых клеток Института физиологи растений им. К.А. Тимирязева. Цель работы: получение новых линий культуры тканей и клеток in vitro эндемичного растения Ajuga turkestanica, а также изучение возможности регуляции роста культуры и биосинтеза продуктов вторичного метаболизма воздействием различных факторов. Объектами исследованияявляются суспензионные культуры клеток Ajuga turkestanica. Исходный материал: каллусный штамм Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. Ат21, полученный в 2016 году, а также готовые замороженные коллекционные базы из криобанка ИФР им. К.А. Тимирязева РАН РФ. Методы исследования: получение суспензии клеток из каллусной ткани; культивирование суспензионных культур; определение ростовых характеристик культуры: содержание сухой и сырой биомассы в литре среды, концентрация клеток в среде, жизнеспособность культуры. Получены результаты по оценке ростовых характеристиках суспензионных культур. Практическая значимость: полученные суспензионные культуры могут быть использованы для различных биотехнологических исследований, таких как получение биологически активных веществ, изучение вторичного метаболизма, разработка биотехнологических методов производства лекарственных препаратов.
АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ НОВЫХ ШТАММОВ ЛАКТОБАЦИЛЛ, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ ПРИРОДНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ
Authors: MYKTYBAEVA R.Zh. , KOZHAKHMETOVA Z.A. , ALPEISOV Sh.A. , SANSYZBAI A.R. , OTEBAYEV Zh.M. , OZKAYA S.
Published: June 2024

During the treatment of farm animals with various medicines, including antibiotics, quite often there is a suppression of the activity of beneficial microflora, which, in turn, causes an increase in the number of pathogenic and potentially dangerous to animal health microorganisms in the intestine. In this regard, the selection of different cultures of microorganisms in probiotic preparations is of great importance to such property as antibiotic resistance. In this article, the objects of the research were new strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from natural sources, showing antibiotic resistance to the following antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, polymyxin, kanamycin, azithromycin, nystatin, ampicillin, carbenicillin.

При лечении сельскохозяйственных животных различными лекарственными препаратами, в том числеантибиотиками, довольно часто наблюдается подавление деятельности полезной микрофлоры, что, в свою очередь, вызывает увеличение в кишечнике количества патогенных и потенциально опасных дляздоровья животных микроорганизмов. В связи с этим, большое значение при подборе различных культур микроорганизмов в состав пробиотических препаратов придается такому свойству, как устойчивость к антибиотикам. В данной статье объектами исследования послужили новые штаммы молочнокислых бактерий, выделенных из природных источников, проявляющих антибиотикорезистентность к следующим антибиотикам: бензилпенициллину, стрептомицину, полимиксину, канамицину, азитромицину, нистатину, ампицилину, карбенициллину. Ключевые слова: микроорганизмы, штаммы бактерий, устойчивость, антибиотики.
Pedagogía de la geografía
Authors: Molina Aguilar Jorge , Díaz Velásquez Martin Ignacio
Published: June 2024

El presente texto conduce a la geografía como ciencia social y, a través de ella, al desarrollo de hechos geográficos; práctica ejemplificada, en este caso, por la geografía de guerra. El producto final derivado de este escrito surge como una herramienta didáctica para la enseñanza de diferentes tipos de conflictos alrededor del mundo y que será de utilidad para desarrollar una geografía activa, funcional y que contribuya a aprender a incorporar datos geográficos como parte de la formación a lo largo del tiempo, con un eco en la educación superior, para, por ejemplo, comprender y relacionar diferentes conceptos geográficos para desarrollar estrategias didácticas; expresando los conceptos geoespaciales a través del uso de tecnologías abiertas y, en definitiva, promueve una transformación del material geográfico de realidad alternativa en una herramienta motivadora y creativa, que facilita el desarrollo de temas de interés para cada estudiante, no solo para recurrir a videos o aplicaciones innovadoras.
Enseñanza basada en competencias y calidad de aprendizajes en Ingeniería Agroindustrial (UNAN - CUR Chontales)
Authors: Briceño Moraga Roberto Ariel , Romero Moraga Juan Gabriel , Pérez Aburto William René
Published: June 2024

El presente estudio investigativo tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto de la enseñanza basada en competencias en la calidad de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes de Ingeniería Agroindustrial en el Centro Universitario Regional de Chontales, UNAN-MANAGUA, realizado en el primer y parte del segundo semestre de 2023. La metodología utilizada es un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, con un alcance correlacional, ya que examina la relación que existe entre las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje basadas en competencias y la calidad de los aprendizajes en Ingeniería Agroindustrial, apoyado en una investigación documental y de campo. La población está compuesta por 5 docentes, incluyendo 3 de planta y 2 maestros horarios. Los datos se recogieron mediante encuestas y se presentan en cuadros y figuras, con frecuencias traducidas en porcentajes para representar las respuestas de los estudiantes. Los hallazgos revelan la necesidad de mejorar la infraestructura y la formación docente en la Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la UNAN-CUR Chontales, y destacan la efectividad de las metodologías activas y las TIC en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Pruebas moleculares para cáncer de mama: Revisión sistemática de la disponibilidad en países de latinoamérica y el caribe
Authors: Martínez González Jackeline de Fátima , Corriols Molina Marianela
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Sistematizar la disponibilidad en la práctica clínica de pruebas genómicas y genéticas para cáncer de mama (CaMa) en países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe (LAC).
Método: Se utilizó el marco PRISMA 2020 para la revisión de la literatura y búsqueda en páginas web, publicados en español e inglés, utilizando un método explícito para recopilar y sintetizar los hallazgos, entre enero del 2010 y diciembre 2023.
Resultados: Se encontraron cinco pruebas genómicas utilizadas en la práctica clínica: OncotypeDx, MammaPrint, Breast Cancer Index (BCI), EndoPredict y Prosigna. Estas pruebas se ofrecen en 14 de 48 (27%) países de LAC. La prueba más ofertada es Oncotype presente en 11/14 países (79%), seguidamente EndoPredict en 9/14 países (64%), la menos ofertada es BCI presente en 1/14 países (7%). Las pruebas genéticas disponibles, se encontraron diez para el análisis de los genes BRCA 1/2 y catorce de paneles genómicos, ofertadas en 18 de 48 países (38%) de LAC.
Discusión: Los pruebas molecular para CaMa, han cambiado el manejo de esta neoplasia en los países que las han incorporado en la práctica clínica. Las prueba genómicas han permitido identificar a pacientes que no requieren de quimioterapia. Las pruebas genéticas se encuentran disponibles en aquellos países que han investigado durante muchos años la frecuencia de genes de susceptibilidad en las mujeres en riesgo. A los países de LAC realizar estudios de costo beneficio sobre el uso de las pruebas moleculares y promover guías basadas en evidencia en la prevención del CaMaH y en el manejo terapéutico de las pacientes con CaMa.
Editorial for First Issue of Science for Energy and Environment
Authors: Zhu Yongfa
Published: June 2024

Editorial for First Issue of Science for Energy and Environment
Yongfa Zhu

Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Correspondence: zhuyf@tsinghua.edu.cn
Received: 8 November 2023; Accepted: 8 November 2023; Published: 4 March 2024
PENGARUH HARGA DAN VARIASI PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN AMINO DARI ULTIMATE NUTRITION DI KOTA MOJOKERTO
Authors: Kridaningsih Anna
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh harga dan variasi produk terhadap keputusan pembelian Amino dari Ultimate Nutrition di Kota Mojokerto. Jumlah sampel 100 responden dengan menggunakan teknik insidental sampling dimana penentuan sampel berdasarkan kebetulan yaitu siapa saja yang kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa harga dan variasi produk berpengaruh significan terhadap keputusan pembelian Amino dari Ultimate Nutrition di Kota Mojokerto baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP NIAT BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA
Authors: Listyawati Indri Hastuti
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan dan motivasi terhadap niat berwirausaha mahasiswa. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan jumlah responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 90 orang mahasiswa yang telah mengambil mata kuliah kewirausahaan. Pembuktian hipotesis dilakukan dengan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewirausahaan dan motivasi berpengaruh terhadap niat berwirausaha.
Síntesis y evaluación preliminar como tripanocida y leishmanicida de una serie de análogos del ácido-2- fenil-benzotiazol-6-carboxílico
Authors:   *Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47206, Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A Caracas, Venezuela. **Laboratorio de Fisiología de Parásitos. Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Altos de Pipe, Caracas, Venezuela, Mijoba Ali
Published: June 2024

La síntesis y comportamiento tripanocida y leishmanicida de una serie de 2-fenilbenzotiazoles es reportada. Fue necesario optimizar el rendimiento del intermediario clave 3, para lo cual se modularon algunas variables como: tiempo de reacción, temperatura de la reacción y la base utilizada, el mejor resultado se alcanzó cuando fue usada solución hidroalcohólica de KOH al 35%. La actividad in vitro contra epimastigotes de T. cruzi, un parásito responsable de la enfermedad de Chagas y promastigotes de L. braziliensis, parásito responsable de la leishmaniasis cutánea ha sido prometedora, especialmente los resultados anti-T. cruzi encontrados para los compuestos 6 y 11, con valores de inhibición de la proliferación de 52,76 ± 2,28 y 51,80 ± 3,11%, respectivamente, y como leishmanicida los compuestos 5 y 6 resultaron con valores de 48,94 ± 0,15 y 45,56 ± 2,12%, respectivamente, comparado con las drogas de uso clínico benznidazol y miltefosina 52,88 ± 1,77 y 48,12 ± 1,15%, respectivamente. Estudios adicionales están aún en proceso, necesarios para determinar su comportamiento in vivo y el mecanismo de acción.
La Unión Europea y los Fondos Europeos
Authors:   Prof. Jubilado, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Farmacia, Cátedra de Biología, Garrido María del Rosario , Tocón Pastor Ginés
Published: June 2024

La Unión Europea (UE) es una asociación económica y política formada por 27 países de Europa (Bélgica, Bulgaria, Chequia, Dinamarca, Alemania, Estonia, Irlanda, Grecia, España, Francia, Croacia, Italia, Chipre, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Hungría, Malta, Países Bajos, Austria, Polonia, Portugal, Rumanía, Eslovenia, Eslovaquia, Finlandia y Suecia) que han delegado parte de su soberanía en instituciones comunes para tomar democráticamente decisiones sobre asuntos de interés común. La UE es una potencia mundial que garantiza acuerdos comerciales, apoya la economía, promueve los valores de la UE, protege sus derechos y el medio ambiente. Los Fondos Europeos son instrumentos financieros del presupuesto de la Unión Europea. Estos recursos son los Fondos Estructurales y de Inversión Europeos (Fondos EIE) y el Fondo de Cohesión gestionados conjuntamente por la Comisión Europea y los países de la UE. Tanto los Fondos EIE como el Fondo de Cohesión son utilizados para llevar a cabo la política de cohesión de la Unión Europea, que beneficia a todas las regiones y ciudades de la Unión y favorece el crecimiento económico, la creación de empleo, la competitividad empresarial, el desarrollo sostenible y la protección del medio ambiente. La relación entre la Unión Europea y Venezuela se enmarca en la Nueva Agenda para las Relaciones entre la UE y América Latina y el Caribe, resaltada en las conclusiones de la Cumbre UE-CELAC celebrada en julio de 2023 en Bruselas. Esta propone una asociación estratégica más moderna y sólida, a través de un diálogo político fortalecido, estimulando el comercio e inversión, y fomentando sociedades más sostenibles, justas e interconectadas.
Caso clínico: Lepra Lepromatosa
Authors:   *Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas “Dr. Félix Gómez”, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo - Zulia, Venezuela.**Universidad Simón Bolívar. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Barranquilla, Colombia. Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias de la Vida (CICV)., Bermúdez Valmore
Published: June 2024

La Lepra es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica, ocasionada por Mycobacterium leprae, caracterizada principalmente por la afectación de los nervios periféricos y la piel, con un largo periodo de incubación y mecanismo de transmisión desconocido. En este caso, nos referimos a un paciente masculino de 61 años de edad, carpintero, con antecedentes de psoriasis quien desde el año 2014 presenta sintomatología variada y acumulativa, lo que le obliga a consultar a varios centros asistenciales; tales síntomas se refieren al aumento de volumen en región facial de predominio frontal y auricular, acentuación de pliegues faciales, pérdida de las cejas, fascie leonina, engrosamiento cutáneo y coloración rosácea de piel con áreas descamativas asociadas a prurito, engrosamiento de nervios cubitales bilateral, edema de miembros superiores e inferiores e hipoestesia en lesiones, por lo que se realizó la baciloscopia la que resultó negativa. Por la alta sospecha clínica se procede a la realización de la prueba de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) resultando positivo para Mycobacterium leprae, lo que confirmó el diagnóstico de Lepra Lepromatosa dos años más tarde. De esta manera, surge la importancia de reforzar los conocimientos en el ámbito médico para poder ofrecer un diagnóstico temprano sobre una enfermedad poco prevalente.
Prescription pattern study of the drugs used in emergency department in a teaching hospital
Authors: Prathi Sri , S Mahammed , Misbah Nabiha , Rahman Syed , Chaitanya Kandula , D Manisha , A Kiruba , Kalla Sushmma
Published: June 2024

Background: The emergency department is a place where patients require immediate treatment and care. It is the specialty that cares for patients at risk. Doctors face challenges in rationalizing, choosing, and initiating appropriate drug therapy for patients admitted to emergency medicine. They also encounter problems with medication errors and adverse drug events. Hence, a prescription-based survey is one of the most effective methods for analyzing the prescribing patterns of drugs and the prescribing behavior of physicians. The core drug use indicators developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) are more informative and feasible. These include prescribing, patient care, and health facility indicators.

Aims and Objectives: (i) The aim of this study was to study, assess, and evaluate the rationality of prescription pattern in emergency department in a particular region and (ii) to understand whether prescription pattern is in accordance with the WHO core prescribing indicators or not?

Materials and Methods: Details regarding the age and gender of the patient, the reason for admission, diagnosis made, treatment given, the number of drugs per prescription, drugs prescribed by generic name, drugs prescribed from the essential drug list, dosage, refills, and dosage forms were collected. The rationality of the prescriptions was assessed and evaluated using these indicators.

Results: In the present study, the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.6, injections were prescribed in 84.8%, antibiotics in 43.2%, and the generic name was mentioned in 50.8%. In addition, 72.8% of the drugs were prescribed from the essential drug list. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used. The Student’s t-test was employed to compare inter-group variation for continuous variables. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.

Conclusion: Among the study population, approximately three-fourths belonged to the age group of 20–60 years, and two-thirds were males. The majority of patients came due to injuries, including road traffic accidents, followed by respiratory illnesses (26.4%) and gastrointestinal ailments (15.6%). Among the prescriptions studied, all had the drug name legibly written, 93.3% had the dose mentioned, and 86.5% had the frequency mentioned. The most common route of administration was parenteral (76.6%), followed by oral (19.3%). In the present study, the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.6, injections were prescribed in 84.8%, antibiotics in 43.2%, and the generic name was mentioned in 50.8%.
Study to compare the incidence of post-dural puncture headache in obstetric patients using cutting and pencil-point spinal needle in spinal anesthesia
Authors: J Devanand , I Abunaya , Michael Jiya , Tarsis Sheen
Published: June 2024

Background: Spinal anesthesia is one of the most commonly used regional anesthesia techniques. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a well-known iatrogenic consequence of spinal anesthetic and diagnostic lumbar puncture, primarily caused by loss of cerebral spinal fluid. To reduce complications, spinal needles have undergone modifications. The two most important modifiable risk variables for PDPH were needle shape and size. In young expecting mothers, post-cesarean sections are associated with an increased incidence of PDPH.

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to compare the incidence of PDPH in obstetric patients using cutting and pencil-point spinal needles following spinal anesthesia.

Materials and Methods: This 1-year double-blind study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesia from August 2021 to July 2022. The study comprised obstetric patients who were scheduled for elective-segment cesarean section. The subarachnoid block needle was divided into Groups A and B at random: Group A 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needle with a pencil point, whereas Group B 25-gauge Quincke spinal needle with a cutting bevel. Records were kept on age, height, weight, and gestational age. A follow-up was conducted up until the discharge date. The incidence and severity of PDPH after spinal anesthesia were examined in both groups. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20.0, and the Fischer exact and Chi-square tests were used to look for statistical significance.

Results: The current study included 120 patients in total, 60 patients in each of Groups A and B. When a pencil point Whitacre was used, the incidence of PDPH was 2 (3.3%), however, when a cutting Quincke needle was used, the incidence was 7 (10.8%). With a P < 0.05, the relationship between the two was considered statistically significant. The pain severity was mild in both patients of Group A. Of the seven patients in Group B, four had mild pain, two had moderate pain, and one had severe pain.

Conclusion: The pencil-point 25-G Whitacre spinal needle has a lower incidence of PDPH than the traditional 25-G Quincke needle and was suggested for patients at risk of PDPH. In light of this, the current study suggested using pencil-point spinal needles for lumbar punctures and spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients.
The analysis of pre-donation deferral of whole blood donors in tertiary care hospital-based blood center
Authors: Kothari Atul , Patel Smita , Gosai Devanshi , Shah Jigar , Mehta Prachi
Published: June 2024

Background: Blood donation is an essential and most important part of the health care system across the world. It becomes necessary to know the root cause of individuals who are willing to donate the blood but deferred on some grounds.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is analysis of such deferrals so as to promote voluntary blood donation practice in our health-care system. The objectives of this study are to promote voluntary blood donation, provide safe blood and blood components/products to the recipients, ensure the safety and well-being of blood donors and make strategies to retain already motivated but deferred donors.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done during the period January 2021–December 2021 at blood center of S.B.K.S. MI & RC, Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara. All individuals willing for whole blood donation were subjected to detailed history taking and general physical examination and were either accepted or denied for blood donation using the standard blood donor guidelines. Pre-donation deferred individuals and their data were then thoroughly analyzed.

Results: A total of 2168 individuals reported at blood center for whole blood donation out of which 311 donors (14.34%) were deferred. Of all deferred donors, male-to-female ratio of deferral found out to be 4.02:1. Two hundred and forty-nine deferrals (80.06%) were males while 62 deferrals (19.94%) were females. Two hundred and seventy-two deferrals (12.54%) were deferred temporarily while 39 deferrals (1.79%) were permanent. Youngest deferred donor was aged 18 years while the eldest was 59 years. Low hemoglobin cases were 134 making it 43.09% of all reasons of deferring a pre-donation whole blood donor.

Conclusion: Low hemoglobin (<12.5 gm%) was the leading cause of deferrals accounting for 43.09%. The majority of the deferrals were temporary where the cause can be treated or eliminated. Such donors need to be remotivated and bring them back to the donor pool so that maximum blood donation which indeed is a lifesaving measure can be promoted. Furthermore, the analysis done by doing such study can help to promote the blood donation on a large scale and not only saving many lives but also create awareness among the society.