bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopedic surgeon in Pakistan
Authors: Muzzammil Muhammad , Jahanzeb Syed , Asghar Ali , Jabbar Saadia , Waheed Hira
Published: December 2020

Background: The objective of our study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practice as well as psychological impact on orthopedic surgeons of Pakistan.

Method: An online survey involving orthopedic surgeons through social media platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook and also through email, to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Our survey also aims to evaluate their state of mind and physical as well as emotional wellbeing in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Among 77 respondents, mostly 31 (40.3%) were consultant and mostly 28 (36.4%) having experience in field of orthopedics was between 5-10 years. This data revealed 48 (62.3%) respondents did not received any specific training or recommendations about COVID pandemic from their institute and only 37 (48.1%) reported they are well informed on latest COVID guidelines. Interestingly, this data revealed the willingness of orthopedic surgeons 30 (39%) to take care of COVID-19 positive patients in ICU.

67 (87%) feel anxious, stressed, furious, angry or depressed due to pandemic and most common fear among them was to infect their family members followed by getting infected and loss of their life and health. 40 (51.9%) did not think their institute is well equipped to deal COVID pandemic.

Conclusions: Orthopedic community nevertheless have to play an important role in the face of an increasing psychological and emotional stress which comes from working in a post COVID era. The dread of getting infected while treating and the sinking feeling of spreading the contagion to their loved ones has put a massive toll on the emotional well-being and needs to be addressed through open and fair discussion.
Reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes in women treated for idiopathic hyperprolactinemia: A non-randomized controlled study
Authors: Sokhadze Khatuna , Kvaliashvili Sophio , Kristesashvili Jenaro
Published: December 2020

Background: Few studies have focused to determine the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes after treatment in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia.
Objective: To determine the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in women treated for idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, with history of infertility and/or recurrent pregnancy loss.
Materials and Methods: A non-randomized controlled study was conducted at the Center for Reproductive Medicine “Universe” and Medical Clinic “Medhealth” during 2016-2018, involving 96 women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, aged 20-44 yr with infertility and/or a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol (E2), free testosterone, and progesterone were studied in blood serum using immunoassay analysis method. Before the occurrence of pregnancy, hyperprolactinemia was treated with bromocriptine. Dydrogesterone was used to support the luteal phase.
Results: PRL levels decreased significantly and normalized within two-five months, regular menstrual cycle was restored in two-four months, ovulation was restored in three-seven months, and pregnancy was achieved in three-fourteen months. E2 and progesterone levels increased significantly (p < 0.001). Prior to the treatment, significant negative correlation between PRL and E2 (r = -0.386, p = 0.007), PRL and progesterone (r = -0.420, p = 0.003) was detected. Threatened early abortion prevailed among pregnancy complications. Pregnancy loss in the first trimester was recorded in 3.12% of cases.
Conclusion: Pregnancy outcomes in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia are improved by prolonged and continuous treatment with bromocriptine before pregnancy and administration of dydrogesterone in support of the luteal insufficiency.
Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, Pregnancy outcome, Bromocriptine, Dydrogesterone.
Change of Date for “International Congress on Food Science & Technology & Agriculture & Food Security” in Karaj, Iran
Authors: . .
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Street-Vended Kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Lukman D.W. , Sari D.Y. , Pisestyani H.
Published: December 2020

Background: Kebab is one of the popular ready-to-eat foods in Indonesia and sold as a street food. The purpose of this study was to determine occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in street-vended kebab in Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia.
Methods: Totally, 43 samples of kebab meat were collected from street food kebab vendors. Examinations on Total Plate Count (TPC), and total E. coli using Most Probable Number (MPN) method were referred to the Indonesia National Standard. The antibiotic resistance test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: The mean of TPC in kebab samples was 5.3 log10 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g. Based on TPC, 13 out of 43 (30.2%) of kebab samples did not comply with the Indonesia National Standard with maximum acceptable level of 5 log10 CFU/g. E. coli was identified in 5 out of 43 samples (11.6%) with mean of 39.2 MPN/g ranged from 7.4 to 150 MPN/g which were higher than standard level (0.5 log10 CFU/g). Four out of 5 E. coli isolated from kebab samples were resistant to gentamycin. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and chloramphenicol.
Conclusion: The occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli in ready-to-eat kebab in this area of Indonesia could cause the health problem in consumers. The local government should conduct the monitoring and surveillance on the occurrence of pathogens and the antibiotic resistance in food chain.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of mecA Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Iranian Hamburger Samples
Authors: Momtaz Bokharaei N. , Soltan Dallal M.M. , Pourmand M.R. , Rajabi Z.
Published: December 2020

Background: Among the bacteria that cause food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus strains in Iranian hamburgers, analysis of their antibiotic resistance pattern, and molecular detection of mecA gene in isolated strains.
Methods: A total of 100 Iranian handmade (traditional) and packaged (factory-made) hamburger samples were investigated for the existence of S. aureus. The pattern of antibiotic resistance and the presence of mecA genes were investigated by disk diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 24.
Results: The prevalence of S. aureus isolated in handmade hamburgers was significantly (p=0.008) higher than packaged ones. Most of 39 isolated S. aureus strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (31 isolate), chloramphenicol (27 isolate), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37 isolate). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin G followed by oxacillin and tetracycline. All isolates were found susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. Six S. aureus isolates which were evaluated for methicillin-resistance, contained the mecA gene.
Conclusion: The high presence of the S. aureus in Iranian hamburgers and the remarkable antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for policies which enforce hygienic practices within the food industry and fast food outlets.
On Requirements to a Claim in a Civil and Arbitration Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Volga-Vyatka Institute (Branch) of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law), Sapozhnikov Sergey A. , Barmina Olga N. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Volga-Vyatka Institute (Branch) of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) PhD (Law)
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the requirements for the form and content of a statement of claim in civil and arbitration proceedings. The authors’ interest in this issue is due to global changes made to the civil and arbitration process as a result of the institutional reform and came into force in the fall of 2019. For example, the requirements for documents attached to a statement of claim have been clarified in the civil procedure. So, at present, the plaintiff, when applying to the court of general jurisdiction according to the rules of civil procedure, must submit a delivery receipt or other documents confirming the sending to other persons involved in the case, copies of the statement of claim and the documents attached to it. Such rules have long existed in the arbitration process. Along with that, as follows from part 3 of Article 114 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, at the same time as the court summons or other judicial notice addressed to the defendant, the judge sends a copy of the statement of claim. Thus, the existence of this rule preserves to the obligation of the court to send a copy of the statement of claim to the persons involved in the case, as, it this was before the introduction of global amendments. In this regard, in order to uniformly and accurately apply the rules of the process, the authors propose clarifying the norms of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in this part. Also in the work, the authors raised the problems of unification of the process, proposed some approaches to improve procedural legislation.
Evolution of the Law Making Function of the Court within the Framework of Russian Justice in Economic Disputes
Authors:   Attorney, Medvedev Stanislav V.
Published: December 2020

In the article the problem of law-making by commercial courts in modern Russian court system is considered. The article concerns the issue of evolution of the ways and modes of law-making of court system. Also the author analyses the problem of uniformity of law-enforcing and the role of Supreme court in law-making process. Author focuces on the specialities of judicial precedent in modern Russian court system as well.
On State Coercion
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Togliatti State University, PhD (Law), Ozhegova Galina A.
Published: December 2020

State coercion is a multifunctional scientific and legal category that is studied in various branches of law. At the same time, there is no unity among scientists about the concept of state coercion, its signs. The purpose of the article was to explore the notion of state coercion and to justify its legitimacy. The article considered the concept of coercion in philosophical, psychological, sociological and legal aspects. In the separation of state coercion from legal coercion, it was concluded that these concepts are not identical, since state coercion, based as well as legal in law, is actually implemented in relation to a particular life situation is implemented in measures that are a meaningful component of state-power relations.
ENERGY LAW FROM 2020 TO 2030 (PART 2)
Authors:   Doctor of Law Barrister-at-Law Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy at the University of Dundee, Great Britain, Heffron Raphael J.
Published: December 2020

Law will play a significant role in the future, in particular, for development of 2030, 2040, and 2050 energy, environment, and climate plans. For example, in order to achieve 2030 climate and energy targets, a corresponding law has to be formulated, passed, and implemented. This is because a functioning energy infrastructure takes not only time to plan, raise funds for, and build, but there are also complicated planning and environmental protection challenges that have to be met. All these lead to another important point: it is the national laws that can stimulate the energy sector development. A national government can set a policy agenda and make sure the law provides the relevant structures, incentives, and pathways for energy sector development. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief, up-to-date view of what energy law science and education should focus on as we move from 2020 to 2030. This article serves to provide a global perspective. Energy law should have similar provisions in all countries as it is based on the same technologies used across the world. What is different is the energy resources countries have at their disposal and the energy sector structures they are trying to create. At the same time, laws on the extraction of energy resources will be the same, including the system of incentives and taxation for the energy resources. Energy law science has already risen to the fore and is now supported by universities. Part 1 of the article is dedicated to energy law as a science and was published in 2020 in the Energy Law Forum journal, issue No. 2. This part focuses on development trends of energy law education and the key energy law development targets for the period from 2020 to 2030.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION IN THE SPHERE OF SUBSOIL USE
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor Head of the Laboratory of Legal Issues of Subsoil Use, Ecology and the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Institute of Issues of Ecology and Subsoil Use of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Salieva Roza N.
Published: December 2020

This article examines issues pertaining to the improvement of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations in the Russian Federation. It contains specific proposals on the improvement of subsoil use law. The purpose of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations shall be enshrined in the Russian Law “On Subsoil” according to the objectives of the state energy policy for subsoil use and state subsoil fund management. The Law “On Subsoil” needs to reflect the subsoil use goals of the state described in Russia’s Energy Strategy until 2035. It seems reasonable to include a section containing basic terms and definitions used in the subsoil legislation into the Law “On Subsoil”. It is important to make sure the Law “On Subsoil” contains a rule stating that a license agreement is an integral and mandatory part of a license to help streamline the legal regulation of subsoil use licensing. It is advisable to reinforce the Russian Law “On Subsoil” and codify state control and regulation principles.
CHALLENGES AND TASKS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ELECTRIC POWER AND CAPACITY TRADING IN THE WHOLESALE MARKET
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Energy Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Koropets Nadezhda V.
Published: December 2020

The legal regulation of trading in the wholesale electric power and capacity market is based on the Law on the Electric Power Industry and the Wholesale Electric Power and Capacity Market Regulations. The peculiarities of legal regulation established by the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)” should also be considered. As of March 17, 2020, the List of Wholesale Market Actors Undergoing Bankruptcy Proceedings included 40 companies. Poor payment behavior in the wholesale electric power and capacity market is one of the main issues. Failure to pay does not only affect the settlement status in the market, but also leads directly to an unscrupulous market player being declared insolvent. In this case, the existing legal regulation does not guarantee protection against wholesale electric power and capacity market transactions being disputed unreasonably. It seems that the best way to prevent transactions from being disputed in bad faith is to amend the current revision of Article 61.4 of the Bankruptcy Law by adding provisions stating in which cases transactions required by the wholesale electric power and capacity market rules cannot be disputed.
Issues of the Legal Regulation of Energy Companies During Competitive Procurement
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Saushkina Snezhana M.
Published: December 2020

As per Federal Law No. 223-ФЗ “On the Procurement of Goods, Works, Services by Certain Types of Legal Entities” dated July 18, 2011, energy companies may conduct procurement in accordance with the Procurement Regulation approved by the Customer. This Regulation shall comply with the basic principles of procurement activities, such as equality and fairness. The Procurement Regulation shall not contain any provisions limiting access to the bidding procedures, inter alia, by establishing unreasonable requirements for the bidders. As per the Code of Administrative Offenses and Federal Law No. 135-ФЗ “On Competition Protection” dated July 26, 2006, any bidder is entitled to seek legal redress for the violation of its interests, if it believes that anti-competitive practices are being used. However, in consideration of such disputes, it is essential to balance the interests, so that, by observing the interests of the bidders, the customers could exercise their right to receive high-quality deliverables, as well as apply one of the statutory principles aimed at the implementation of measures necessary to cut the customer’s costs.
Objectives of Further Development of the Legal Regulation of Energy Resource Usage for Energy Law and Order Enhancement
Authors:   Doctor of Law Head of the Department of Energy Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Director of the Energy Law Center of the Saint-Petersburg State Economic University, Romanova Viktoria V.
Published: December 2020

The nature of the legal regime of energy resources, requirements for their quality, metering, extraction, production, delivery, transportation, storage, pricing, customs regulation are fundamental problems of energy law. Certainty in the legal regulation of the use of energy resources as the key object of social relations within the scope of energy law has a direct impact on securing the balance of interests between energy law subjects at national and international levels. The level of the international unification of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources remains low, with the exception of unified provisions on the use of nuclear power. Due to the specific nature of energy resources, both national and international unification is performed primarily using an industry-based approach. Further development of the legal regulation of the use of energy resources, the improvement of the legal regime of energy resources, in particular, factoring in the need to apply innovative energy saving, energy efficient technologies, ensuring anti-terrorism security, and industrial safety of the energy infrastructure require legal studies in this area. Comparative legal studies of provisions on the legal regime of energy resources in other countries will be especially valuable. This article can be useful for further research into the subject matter, for education purposes.
Energy Law from 2020 to 2030 (Part 2)
Authors:   Doctor of Law Barrister-at-Law Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy at the University of Dundee, Great Britain, Heffron Raphael J.
Published: December 2020

Law will play a significant role in the future, in particular, for development of 2030, 2040, and 2050 energy, environment, and climate plans. For example, in order to achieve 2030 climate and energy targets, a corresponding law has to be formulated, passed, and implemented. This is because a functioning energy infrastructure takes not only time to plan, raise funds for, and build, but there are also complicated planning and environmental protection challenges that have to be met. All these lead to another important point: it is the national laws that can stimulate the energy sector development. A national government can set a policy agenda and make sure the law provides the relevant structures, incentives, and pathways for energy sector development. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief, up-to-date view of what energy law science and education should focus on as we move from 2020 to 2030. This article serves to provide a global perspective. Energy law should have similar provisions in all countries as it is based on the same technologies used across the world. What is different is the energy resources countries have at their disposal and the energy sector structures they are trying to create. At the same time, laws on the extraction of energy resources will be the same, including the system of incentives and taxation for the energy resources. Energy law science has already risen to the fore and is now supported by universities. Part 1 of the article is dedicated to energy law as a science and was published in 2020 in the Energy Law Forum journal, issue No. 2. This part focuses on development trends of energy law education and the key energy law development targets for the period from 2020 to 2030.
Topical Issues of the Improvement of Legal Regulation in the Sphere of Subsoil Use
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Professor Head of the Laboratory of Legal Issues of Subsoil Use, Ecology and the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Institute of Issues of Ecology and Subsoil Use of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Salieva Roza N.
Published: December 2020

This article examines issues pertaining to the improvement of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations in the Russian Federation. It contains specific proposals on the improvement of subsoil use law. The purpose of the legal regulation of subsoil use relations shall be enshrined in the Russian Law “On Subsoil” according to the objectives of the state energy policy for subsoil use and state subsoil fund management. The Law “On Subsoil” needs to reflect the subsoil use goals of the state described in Russia’s Energy Strategy until 2035. It seems reasonable to include a section containing basic terms and definitions used in the subsoil legislation into the Law “On Subsoil”. It is important to make sure the Law “On Subsoil” contains a rule stating that a license agreement is an integral and mandatory part of a license to help streamline the legal regulation of subsoil use licensing. It is advisable to reinforce the Russian Law “On Subsoil” and codify state control and regulation principles.
Barvila in razbavanje odplak: Navodila za vaje
Authors: Fakin Darinka , Ojstršek Alenka , Gorgieva Selestina
Published: December 2020

Prisotnost barvil v odpadni vodi je nesprejemljiva tako iz estetskega kot tudi iz ekološkega stališča. Problematika prvega izhaja iz dejstva, da so odpadne vode, ki vsebujejo barvila, intenzivno obarvane že pri zelo nizkih koncentracijah barvil. Bolj pereča kot estetska je okoljska problematika barvil v odpadni vodi. Objektivno tveganje, ki ga predstavljajo za okolje, je odvisno od strukturnih in fizikalnih karakteristik barvil, njihove koncentracije ter časa izpostavitve v okolju. V okviru predmeta se prouči razpoložljive tehnologije čiščenja obarvanih vod, kar pa kaže na to, da ni enostavnih, učinkovitih in hkrati cenovno sprejemljivih načinov čiščenja tako kompleksnih odpadnih vod, kot so obarvane odpadne vode.
Paradojas de la domesticación: aproximaciones a la relación problemática entre tecnología, libertad y eugenesia
Authors: Cornejo Puschner Sascha Miguel
Published: December 2020

El desarrollo tecnológico de las últimas décadas ha suscitado la exigencia de establecer límites más precisos a su intervención en los cuerpos orgánicos. Desde diversos ámbitos de las ciencias sociales y la filosofía política se ha problematizado este campo abierto a la intervención y apropiación de los componentes moleculares y genéticos a partir de cada vez más relajadas normativas legales. Este artículo nace a partir de cierta trayectoria de análisis teórico del campo de la biopolítica y las STS con la intención de aportar algunos elementos reflexivos a este debate sobre la relación ser humano y tecnología. La tesis que se intenta defender es el carácter abierto y maleable de la constitución humana, no como un aspectodeseable en sí, sino más bien como expresión de una lectura realista de los procesos ya iniciados por la intervención tecnológica en los cuerpos humanos.
Abordaje del tema ‘Internacionalización de la Educación Contable’ en espacios académicos brasileños
Authors: Vazquez Carrazana Xiomara Esther , Miranda Gilberto José , Da Silva Marli Auxiliadora
Published: December 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo ha sido discutido el tema de las International Education Standards (IES) en el espacio académico brasileño. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología documental para revisar los artículos científicos publicados en la base de datos Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), el contenido de la disciplina didáctico-pedagógica impartida en los programas de posgrado y la producción derivada de la culminación de estudios de estos cursos. Esta revisión fue realizada para el período 2010-2017. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron considerar que, en los espacios académicos brasileños, las IES no son abordadas con la dimensión y profundidad requeridas para la comprensión de sus limitaciones y del arsenal epistemológico necesario para su puesta en práctica. Los estudios desarrollados en Brasil no contemplan las problemáticas generadas en torno a las IES. De esta manera, este artículo supone una alerta sobre el peligro que representa asumir las normativas publicadas sin antes ser sometidas a debate y reflexión crítica para la formación de profesionales contables. Este estudio debe ser superado por otros que evidencien las limitaciones implícitas en cada normativa para liderar el cambio necesario en la educación contable.
Compliance, empresas y corrupción: una mirada internacional
Authors: Sanclemente-Arciniegas Javier
Published: December 2020

El presente texto plantea una reflexión sobre la noción jurídica de compliance y la manera en la que involucra a las empresas en la lucha contra la corrupción. Esta configura una nueva tendencia regulatoria mundial que proporciona herramientas útiles para abordar diferentes campos jurídicos, de allí que algunos autores la consideren una nueva rama del derecho. La noción se articula en torno a una nueva concepción de las empresas que tiende a comprometerlas efectivamente con la protección de bienes jurídicamente relevantes. Esos postulados son especialmente pertinentes en materia de lucha contra la corrupción. En ese ámbito, se manifiesta con claridad la intención de erigir al poder económico privado como un agente al servicio de la protección del interés general. Para ello se analiza, de una parte, el movimiento legislativo común en el nivel internacional, identificando normas adoptadas por diferentes Estados en el mundo con el fin de involucrar a las compañías en la lucha contra la corrupción. De otro lado, se exponen los dispositivos normativos e institucionales implementados por las empresas con miras a atender esas obligaciones. Allí destacamos la forma en la que, al atender el riesgo de incumplimiento normativo, las compañías añaden la protección de intereses de toda la sociedad a su tradicional objetivo de obtención de beneficios particulares.
Un estado del arte analítico de las publicaciones sobre los derechos del niño en español. A propósito de tres tendencias bibliográficas: la negacionista, la oficial y la contraoficial
Authors: Bácares Jara Camilo
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo contribuir al estado del arte de los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en América Latina y España. Para tal propósito, se analizaron 195 fuentes, entre artículos, libros y capítulos de libros redactados en castellano, los cuales se obtuvieron a través de las bases de datos, los índices y gestores de búsqueda Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Mendeley, Ebsco, Clase, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet, Latindex, Acta Académica, Researchgate.net y Academia.edu. Las indagaciones permitieron establecer que en la bibliografía producida en castellano sobre los derechos de los NNA existen tres desarrollos investigativos. En el primero, sobresalen los textos que indican que los NNA no pueden tener derechos o, en su defecto, que tienen que ceder su titularidad a un adulto por su vulnerabilidad, irracionalidad e incapacidad. En el segundo, se agrupan los escritos que replican a la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN) o que reducen la discusión de los derechos de los NNA al lenguaje jurídico y a los artículos de la CDN. Finalmente, en un tercer renglón, se encuentran los documentos que problematizan a la CDN y sus mitos fundacionales, echando mano de la etnografía y la sociología en investigaciones fundadas en el trabajo de campo y en datos primarios.
COVID-19 e industria aeronáutica. 10 situaciones probables de crisis
Authors: Capaldo Griselda Delia
Published: December 2020

La Real Academia Española define a la crisis, en su primera acepción, como un cambio profundo y de consecuencias importantes en un proceso o una situación, o en la manera en que estos son apreciados. La pandemia generada por la propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2, que causa COVID-19, ha impactado sobre múltiples escenarios en múltiples escalas. La industria aeronáutica, que por definición engloba no solo al transporte aéreo sino también a todas las infraestructuras, servicios y procesos asociados al mismo, incluido el de construcción y mantenimiento de aeronaves, ha sido una de las actividades afectadas. El presente trabajo apunta a describir al menos diez de esas situaciones de crisis, en sus distintas escalas (global, regional y local). El lapso temporal abarcado por este artículo se extiende hasta julio de 2020. Por su naturaleza, se trata de una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva. Atendiendo a esas escalas, este artículo focaliza su atención en el análisis de las medidas tomadas por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) y por la International Air Transport Association (IATA) a nivel global, por la Unión Europea (UE) y por la Comisión Latinoamericana de Aviación Civil (CLAAC) a nivel regional y, a nivel local, por un grupo seleccionado de Estados.
El Procedimiento Acelerado de Refinanciación Concursal (PARC): Análisis preliminar en torno a una posible prórroga
Authors: Aragón Samanez Sol Ivanna , Sierra Roque Nicole Alexandra , Condezo Trinidad Milagros Alexandra
Published: December 2020

La creación del Procedimiento Acelerado de Refinanciación Concursal (PARC) no ha sido fortuita. Ante una crisis sanitaria mundial, el Gobierno peruano no solo ha tenido que adoptar medidas excepcionales respecto al sector sanitario, sino también en referencia al sector empresarial. Es así que este procedimiento nace como una medida complementaria para refinanciar las obligaciones de las empresas afectadas por la pandemia del COVID-19 y evitar la quiebra de las mismas. Además, al presentarse como el primer procedimiento concursal enteramente virtual, y por desarrollarse en un período de tiempo menor en comparación a los dos procedimientos ya existentes en nuestro país, se convierte en el único con estas singulares características. Debido a estos factores, el presente trabajo tratará de explicar por qué el PARC no solo debería cumplir su vigencia hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020, sino que su continuidad post-pandemia es necesaria, pues, está fuera de dudas que la crisis económica tendrá efectos a largo plazo. No obstante, surgen una serie de cuestionamientos respecto a su necesidad en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, principalmente por la similitud que mantiene con uno de los procedimientos concursales ya regulados por la Ley General del Sistema Concursal y otras “falencias” administrativas que serán desarrolladas a lo largo del texto.
El coa: glotopolítica y antropología criminal en Julio Vicuña Cifuentes (1910)
Authors: Rojas Darío , Cáceres Valentina
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos la obra Coa: jerga de los delincuentes chilenos. Estudio y vocabulario (1910), de Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, desde un enfoque glotopolítico. Sostenemos que la representación ideológica del habla de los delincuentes chilenos (el coa), contenida en dicha obra, responde a un mecanismo de iconización, mediante el cual se legitima la política de disciplinamiento policial y carcelario del Estado chileno basándose en la comprobación científica de la supuesta condición degenerada del delincuente, reflejada en su lenguaje. Esta estrategia semiótica tiene como efecto glotopolítico último naturalizar la posición dominante de las élites socioeconómicas chilenas. Dicha representación responde al contexto chileno de comienzos del siglo XX, marcado por el surgimiento de la “cuestión social” y el positivismo ilustrado que marcó la institucionalización de los estudios antropológicos y lingüísticos en el Chile de ese periodo.
El cronotopo en la space opera: un análisis comparativo con la novela de aventuras
Authors: Arroyo Barrigüete Jose Luis
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo analizamos las características propias de la novela de aventuras y pruebas que Bajtín identifica como uno de los tres tipos esenciales de unidad novelesca. La exégesis de este cronotopo nos revela un esquema muy similar al que aparece en un popular subgénero de la ciencia ficción, esto es, la space opera. Nuestra conclusión es que ambos cronotopos, el de aventuras y pruebas, y el de la space opera, son bastante similares, salvo por un aspecto muy relevante: la reversibilidad temporal, ausente en este último como consecuencia de un menor protagonismo del suceso. Esto es consecuencia de una axiología heroica más propia de lo épico que de la novela, aspecto que también se analiza en el trabajo.
A Bivariate Gamma Distribution Whose Marginals are Finite Mixtures of Gamma Distributions
Authors: Rafiei Maryam , Iranmanesh Anis , Nagar Daya k.
Published: December 2020

In this article a new bivariate distribution, whose both the marginals are finite mixture of gamma distribution has been defined. Several of its properties such moments, correlation coefficients, measure of skewness, moment generating function, Renyi and Shannon entropies have been derived. Simulation study have been conducted to evaluate the performance of maximum likelihood method.
An Ensemble Based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification System
Authors: Deka Alpana , Mahanta Lipi B
Published: December 2020

In the field of security and forgery prevention, handwritten signatures are the most widely recognized biometric since long and also most practical. Although handwritten signature verification systems are studied using both On-line and Off-line approaches, Off-line signature verification systems are more difficult to compare to On-line verification systems. This is due to the lack of dynamic information, viz. a database which constantly stores the latest signature of the person.  In the paper an approach using ensemble methods are adopted to classify a signature as forgery or not. In proposed system, three classifiers, viz, one unsupervised, viz. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and two supervised classifiers, viz. Naive Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used as base classifiers. An attempt is made to compare the different approaches. We attempt both the categories of classification not only because both of them are applicable in this particular case but also with an objective of finding out which performs better. In most cases it is observed that Naive Bayes and Ensemble are comparable as they exhibit better performance than the other two. But among them, in most of the cases Ensemble classifier performs better than the Naive Bayes and consequently we have taken the Ensemble as a final classifier.
A Parametric Kernel Function Generating the best Known Iteration Bound for Large-Update Methods for CQSDO
Authors: Loubna Guerra , Mohamed Achache
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose a large-update primal-dual interior point algorithm for convex quadratic semidefiniteoptimization (CQSDO) based on a new parametric kernel function. This kernel function is a parameterized version of the kernel function introduced by M.W. Zhang (Acta Mathematica Sinica. 28: 2313-2328, 2012) for CQSDO. The investigation according to it generating the best known iteration bound O for large-update methods. Thus improves the iteration bound obtained by Zhang for large-update methods. Finally, we present few numerical results to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis of the regulatory framework for confi rmation of the functional safety requirements compliance of microprocessor-based railway automation systems
Authors:   LocoTech-Signal LLC, Ryazanov V. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the current regulatory framework for proof of safety, quality assurance, and confi rmation of the conformity of microprocessor-based railway automation and remote control systems in the EAEU. CENELEC standards are briefl y discussed. A brief overview is provided as regards measures to ensure the required level of safety of microprocessor-based railway automation and remote control systems from the point of view of quality management of development, safety management, and confi rmation of the proper functioning of microprocessor systems. The practice of confi rming the railway transport automated process control systems comply with standards in the form of a declaration of conformity per TR CU 003/2011 has been analyzed. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a regulatory framework to ensure regulated analysis and assessment of railway automation and remote control systems following the requirements of functional safety, as well as further development of standardization documents to regulate methods for assessing functional safety.
Kırılganlığın Yaşlı Bireylerde Tamamlayıcı –Alternatif Tıp Uygulamaları Hakkındaki Görüş, Tutum ve Uygulamalar Üstüne Etkisi
Authors: ÖZSÜREKCİ Cemile , İLERİ İbrahim , ÇALIŞKAN Hatice , YİLDİRİM Funda , CANDEMİR Burcu , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Çağatay , DOĞRUL Rana , GÖKER Berna
Published: December 2020

Tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp uygulamaları kökeni çok eskilere dayanan, son yıllarda ise giderek daha popüler hale gelen uygulamalardır. Kronik hastalıkların görülme sıklığındaki artış, sağlık hizmetlerinden duyulan memnuniyetsizlik, olumsuz tıbbi sonuçlar, yüksek sağlık masrafları, ilaçların ya da tedavilerin yan etkileri nedeniyle tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp (TAT) uygulamalarına yönelmenin sebepleri arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kronik hastalıkların sık görüldüğü yaşlı bireylerin TAT uygulamalarına yönelik bilgilerinin, tutumlarının ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi ve kırılganlık durumu ile olası ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Valuations of Students Toward Digital Transformation to a Result of Covid-19 to Improve Sustainability in Education
Authors: Hervás-Gómez Carlos , Díaz-Noguera María Dolores , Guijarro-Cordobés Olga , Gallardo-Pérez Julia
Published: December 2020

The management of a cultural change in higher education is becoming necessary and unavoidable: changes in teaching, changes in research and changes in governance. Digital transformation is an essential part of many countries’ modernisation agendas. The aim of this non-experimental, descriptive, survey-based study was to explore the perceptions of university students toward the digital transformation that took place in university teaching as a consequence of COVID-19. The specific objectives proposed were to: a) analyse the perceptions of students toward digital transformation in university teaching; b) determine the valuation of students about the digital transformation that occurred in university teaching as a result of COVID-19; and c) explore the resources (hardware-software), professional collaboration, digital pedagogy and student empowerment (motivation) with respect to digital education and the recent changes in university teaching due to the pandemic. The results show that a large number of items are positively correlated. In conclusion, further research should delve into motivation, collaboration, reflective experience sharing, self-learning and initiatives that promote the development of competences in future teachers.
Viral-Vector Delivered anti-Angiogenic Therapies to the Eye
Authors: Koponen Sanna , Kokki Emmi , Kinnunen Kati , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo
Published: December 2020

Pathological vessel growth harms vision and may finally lead to vision loss. Anti-angiogenic gene therapy with viral vectors for ocular neovascularization has shown great promise in pre-clinical studies. Most of the studies has conducted with different adeno-associate serotype vectors. In addition, Adeno and lentivirus vectors have been used. Therapy has targeted to block vascular endothelial growth factors or other pro-angiogenic factors. Clinical trials of intraocular gene therapy for neovascularization have shown the treatment to be safe without severe adverse events or systemic effects. Nevertheless, clinical studies have not proceeded phase 2 trials further.
Isolated Neutropenia/Benign Ethnic Neutropenia: A Common Clinical and Laboratory Finding in Southern and Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Awan Zuhier A. , Amoudi Saeed M. Al , Saboor Muhammad , Alkhaldy Husain Y.
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Isolated mild neutropenia is a common clinical problem. The current study aims to validate our previous findings regarding the high prevalence of isolated neutropenia in Southern and Southwestern Saudi Arabia and explore the effect of altitude or regional differences. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, laboratory results of a commercial laboratory were screened over a period of 5 years (2016–2020) in seven different cities in South and southwestern Saudi Arabia. Participants’ laboratory investigations were reviewed and excluded for any ab-normal complete blood count, renal profile, liver profile, lipid profile, thyroid function test, fasting blood glucose, or HbA1c findings. Descriptive analysis and 95th percentile range were calculated using standard statistical methods. Results: A total of 91,880 complete blood count results were included in the final analysis. isolated neutropenia is common laboratory finding, with a prevalence ranging from 11-23%. The 2.5th percentile of the neutrophil count was lower than 1.5×109/L in all seven cities. Conclusions: Mild to moderate neutropenia is common in Southern and Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) may explain this high prevalence. Since BEN has no clinical significance, the reference range for normal neutrophil counts needs to be adjusted to reflect the effect of BEN.
Nurses, Covid-19 Pandemic and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aboshaiqah Ahmad , Alghamdi Mohammed G
Published: December 2020

The Saudi government has undertaken rapid and swift actions, such as suspending Omrah and holding international flights. Such affirmative actions enhanced citizens and residents’ confidence in the government officials’ ability to fight the pandemic. However, there are more than 361,178 reported cases of Covid-19 with 6131 deaths as of December 22, 202. As nurses are the largest component of the health care workforce in Saudi Arabia, it is important that they are trained and have the skills and resources to adapt, whether on the frontline of a crisis or in a clinical environment. Nurses play a key function in fulfilling the needs of medical treatment by being the most important part of the health care delivery system.
Dose-Dependence of Radiotherapy-Induced Changes in Serum Levels of Choline-Containing Phospholipids; The Importance of Lower Doses Delivered to Large Volumes of Normal Tissues
Authors: Jelonek Karol , Krzywon Aleksandra , Papaj Katarzyna , Polanowski Pawel , Szczepanik Krzysztof , Skladowski Krzysztof , Widlak Piotr
Published: December 2020

Conformal radiotherapy is a primary treatment in head and neck cancer, which putative adverse effects depend on relatively low doses of radiation delivered to increased volumes of normal tissues. Systemic effects of such treatment include radiation-induced changes in serum lipid profile, yet dose- and volume-dependence of these changes remain to be established. Here we analyzed levels of choline-containing phospholipids in serum samples collected consecutively during the radiotherapy used as the only treatment modality. The LC-MS approach applied in the study enabled the detection and quantitation of 151 phospholipids, including (lyso)phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. No statistically significant differences were found in the pre-treatment samples from patients with different location and stage of cancer. To compensate for potential differences between schemes of radiotherapy the biologically effective doses were calculated and used in the search of correlations with specific lipid levels. We found that the levels of several phospholipids depended on the maximum dose delivered to the gross tumor volume and total radiation energy absorbed by the patient’s body. Increased doses correlated with increased levels of sphingomyelins and reduced levels of phosphatidylcholines. Noteworthy, serum phospholipid levels were associated mainly with volumes of normal tissues irradiated with relatively low doses (i.e., total accumulated dose 20 Gy), which indicated the importance of such effects on the systemic response of the patient’s organism to IMRT.
Gastric and esophageal duplications in children
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Aksel'rov M.A. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Evdokimov V.N. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Svazyan V.V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Sergienko T.V. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Kuzhelivsky I.I. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Considerable attention is currently being paid to the diagnosis and treatment of gastric malformations complicated by its obstruction. This can be attributed to stable incidence of these disorders among other congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and no clear understanding of the causes and mechanisms underlying the development of this pathology. Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations that differ significantly in their appearance, location, size, and clinical manifestations. Their incidence is 1 case per 4,500 autopsies. Duplications can be cystic and diverticular (tubular) and can be located in any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the root of the tongue to the anal canal. The small intestine is affected most frequently, while duplications of the rectum, duodenum, and esophagus are exceedingly rare. In this article, we report two cases of gastrointestinal duplications in children treated using surgery. Key words: neonate, obstruction, developmental malformations, gastric duplication, esophageal duplication, case report