bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it Possible to Reform a Theater? Austrian Federal Theaters as an Object of Cultural Policy Since 1945
Authors: Головлев А.И.
Published: September 2024

В данной статье Австрийские Федеральные театры анализируются как важнейший объект в культурной политике и экономике Второй республики. Долголетие этого театрального конгломерата скорее объясняется зависимостью от траектории и доминирующими моделями мышления в бюрократии, культурной среде и обществе Австрии чем настоящей борьбой за экономическую эффективность. Австрийское экономическое чудо способствовало благожелательному отношению «государства-патрона» к Федеральным театрам, однако растущий дефицит потребовал структурных реформ в неолиберальном ключе во время подготовки вступления Австрии в Европейский союз. Вместе с тем реформы 1971 и 1998 г. не переломили существующих практик театрального менеджмента и не привели к значительному улучшению экономических показателей, что подтверждает тезис о превалировании долгосрочных тенденций в развитии театров, преобладающей роли культурного капитала и способности театров успешно нейтрализовать реформы извне.

In this paper, the Austrian Federal Theatres are analyzed as the most important object of Austrian cultural policies in the Second Republic. The longevity of this theatre conglomerate is better explained by path dependence and predominant patterns of thinking within Austria’s bureaucracy, cultural milieu and society than as a genuine strife for economic efficiency. The Austrian economic miracle contributed to a benevolent stance of the “patron state” towards the Federal Theatres, yet growing deficits called for structural reforms in a neoliberal key during the preparatory stages of Austria’s accession to the European Union. However, the 1971 and 1998 reforms did not break with the existing practices of theatre management and did not lead to a significant improvement of economic figures confirming the thesis that long-term tendencies in theatre development prevailed, cultural capital played a dominant role, and theatres have been capable to successfully neutralize external reforms.
“I confirm that you are my representative” D.S. Merezhkovsky and Chaliapins: New materials for biographies
Authors: Мартынов А.В.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена непростым отношениям между Мережковским, Гиппиус и Шаляпиным. Хотя до эмиграции писатели отрицательно отнеслись к политическим взглядам Шаляпина, а также критически оценивали его артистическое дарование и связанную с ним популярность, в эмиграции они стремились организовать совместные проекты. Мережковский написал сценарий фильма о Борисе Годунове, главную роль в котором должен был сыграть Шаляпин. Также Мережковский рассчитывал, что сын артиста будет представлять его интересы в Голливуде. Несмотря на предпринятые шаги, планы писателя-эмигранта не осуществились.

The article is devoted to the difficult relationship between Merezhkovsky, Gippius and Chaliapin. Although before emigration the writers had a negative attitude towards Chaliapin’s political views, and also critically assessed his artistic talent and the popularity associated with it, in emigration they sought to organize joint projects. Merezhkovsky wrote the script for a film about Boris Godunov, in which Chaliapin was to play the main role. Merezhkovsky also hoped that the artist’s son would represent his interests in Hollywood. Despite the steps taken, the plans of the emigrant writer did not come true.
European Idea by Charles de Gaulle and Georges Pompidou
Authors: Арзаканян М.Ц.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены концепции «объединенной Европы», выдвинутые двумя первыми президентами Пятой республики во Франции Шарлем де Голлем и Жоржем Помпиду. На основе высказываний самих глав французского государства рассмотрены их предложения по устройству и развитию Европейского экономического сообщества и воплощение идей двух политиков в жизнь.

The article presents the concepts of “united Europe” put forward by the first two presidents of the Fifth Republic in France, Charles de Gaulle and Georges Pompidou. On the basis of the statements of the heads of state, their proposals for the structure and development of the European Economic Community and the implementation of their ideas were considered.
“The naturalist's and traveller's companion”: attempt of translation
Authors: Шипицына Ю.С.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена необычному источнику по истории научной культуры Англии XVIII в.. «Спутник натуралиста и путешественника» (1772) собрал под своей обложкой перечень инструкций по взаимодействию с миром природы и список вопросов, на которые в ходе этого взаимодействия надлежит ответить читателю. Источник представляет собой пример популярного издания, приобщающего, с одной стороны, непрофессиональных ученых к миру науки, а с другой, способствующего интеграции потенциальных достижений этого мира в социум. «Спутник…» иллюстрирует подход к познанию, связанный с принципом всеохватного наблюдения, а также стремление автора мотивировать читателя идеей служения на благо общества. Фрагменты источника публикуются на русском языке впервые.

The article is devoted to unusual source of the English scientific culture in the 18th century. “The naturalist's and traveller's companion” (1772) collects under its cover the list of instructions on interaction with the world of nature and the index of questions, which should be ansewered by a reader in the process of this interaction. The source is the example of popular edition, on the one hand, introducing unprofessional scietists to the world of science, but on the other hand, helpful to integration of the potential advantages of this world to the society. “The Companion…” demonstrates such approach to perception, which is connected with the principle of universal watching, along with author’s untention to motivate his reader with idea of attendance to the good of common. The fragments of the source is published in the Russian language in first.
Robert and Horace Walpole: Politician and Intellectual
Authors: Соколов А.Б.
Published: September 2024

Данная публикация является рецензией на монографию Н.С. Креленко «Отражение культурной жизни эпохи Просвещения в письмах, книгах и домах Хораса Уолпола» (2023). Главная мысль автора состоит в том, что Уолпола-младшего неправомерно считать дилетантом, как полагал ряд известных авторов, он не тень своего отца, а деятель культуры, внесший значительный вклад в публицистику и литературу, коллекционирование произведений искусства, архитектуру и даже историографию. Через призму его биографии представлена широкая панорама культурной жизни Англии в эпоху Просвещения.

This publication is a review on monograph of N. S. Krelenko “The Reflection of Cultural Life in the epoch of Enlightenment in Letters, Books and Houses of Horace Walpole”. The main idea of the author is to show that it is wrong to present him as an amateur, what some distinguished historians supposed, he is not a shadow of his father. He is a representative of European culture who made important contribution to political literature and fiction, collecting works of art, architecture and even historiography. The wide panorama of the cultural life of England in the time of Enlightenment is presented through his biography.
The Formation of the Idea of Authorship in Modern European Thought
Authors: Артамонова Ю.Д.
Published: September 2024

Анализируется поворотный этап истории понятий «автор», «текст» — XIV–XV вв.; именно в это время они из периферийных понятий превращаются в центральные для процесса толкования текстов, изменяя как традиционное содержание, так и модель толкования. Сопоставляются традиционные трактовки и интерпретации итальянских гуманистов (прежде всего, Лоренцо Валлы), для которых авторство уже не жестко связанное с auctoritas, тем не менее не предполагает уникальности; понятие «текст» универсализируется; к тексту начинает предъявляться требование «истинности». Рассматриваются различные трактовки произошедшего поворота (Ж. Мишле, Э. Па-нофски, Е.А. Косминский, М. Фуко и др.). При анализе текста «Критики Константинова Дара» показываются и объясняются новые ходы, предпринимаемые Лоренцо Валлой; они сопоставляются как с рассуждениями современников, так и классиков предшествующей традиции. Тем самым объясняется трансформация модели извлечения смысла – текст впервые обретает целостность, внутреннее смысловое и стилевое единство; появляется идея контекста и герменевтического круга, а автор становится «гарантом» этой связанности. Тем не менее, понятие «смысл», несмотря на контекстную связанность, претендует на объективность. В результате появляется новое понятие этого времени – «коммуникация».

The article analyzes a turning point in the history of the concepts of “author” and “text” in XIV-XV centuries; it was at this time that they turned from peripheral concepts into central ones for the process of interpreting texts, changing both the traditional content and the model of interpretation. The traditional interpretations and interpretations in the works of Italian humanists (first of all, Lorenzo Valla) are compared, for whom authorship no longer rigidly associated with auctoritas, nevertheless does not imply uniqueness; the concept of “text” is universalized; the text begins to be required to be “true”. Various interpretations of the turn that took place are considered (J. Michelet, E. Panofsky, E.A. Kosminsky, M. Foucault, M. McLuhan, etc.). When analyzing the text of the “Criticism of Constantine's Gift”, new moves undertaken by Lorenzo Valla are shown and explained; they are compared both with the arguments of contemporaries and classics of the previous tradition. This explains the transformation of the meaning extraction model – the text for the first time acquires integrity, internal semantic and stylistic unity; the idea of context and hermeneutical circle appears, and the author becomes the “guarantor” of this connectedness. Nevertheless, the concept of “meaning”, despite its contextual connectedness, claims to be objective. As a result, a new concept of this time appears – “communication”.
Taṭwīr Adawāt al-Taqwīm al-Takwīnī al-Qā’imah ʿalā Kahoot li-Tarqīyat Itqān al-Mufradāt fī Taʿlīm al-Lughah al-ʿArabīyah bil-Madrasah al-Mihanīyah
Authors: Nur Aqida Miladia , Mudrofin Mudrofin , Bukhori Nada Fithria
Published: September 2024

This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of formative assessment tools based on Kahoot to improve students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary. This study responds to the lack of variety in traditional assessment methods, which makes students feel bored and negatively impacts their ability to understand and retain vocabulary. The study used the Research and Development (RD) method with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study involved a sample of students divided into experimental and control groups, and the test results were analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis. The findings showed that interactive assessment tools based on Kahoot effectively enhance students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary, with a statistically significant difference in test results between the groups, where the experimental group demonstrated a noticeable improvement in test scores.
Investigating water quality dynamics in distribution networks with dynamically adaptive connectivity
Authors: Jenks Bradley , Aisopou Angeliki , Ulusoy Aly-Joy , Stoianov Ivan
Published: September 2024

Water distribution networks with dynamically adaptive connectivity offer greater operational flexibility. While this strategy has demonstrated improvements in pressure management and network resiliency, further research is needed to better understand its impact on water quality dynamics. This paper investigates the short-term variability of disinfectant residuals in a real-world distribution network operated with dynamic connectivity. We simulate water quality dynamics under two control configurations with pressure control and automatic flushing valve operations. Our simulation results inform the development of flow variability metrics to reveal the relationship between changing hydraulic conditions and increased water quality dynamics. These metrics can (i) improve observability by supporting the placement of additional water quality monitoring locations and (ii) enhance controllability by enabling the formulation of optimization problems that incorporate hydraulic surrogates for modelling water quality. Furthermore, we validate the identified regions of increased water quality dynamics using continuous disinfectant data from a large-scale experimental programme. Our findings emphasize the need for further analytical and experimental research to manage water quality in distribution networks with dynamically adaptive connectivity and hydraulic control.
Water temperature modeling through regression and artificial neural network using short-term data for a Philippine River
Authors: Bautista Princess Mae , Duka Maurice Alfonso , Delos Reyes Aurelio , Sobremisana Antonio Gabino
Published: September 2024

Predicting river water temperature is vital for monitoring water quality and managing water resources, yet tropical countries such as the Philippines often lack adequate monitoring systems. This study addresses this gap by developing predictive models using linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) with short-term data from the Sapian River. The multiple linear regression model, which included same-day air temperature (AT), AT from 2 days prior, and the time of year, performed better than simpler models. Results show Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.63 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.56°C, suggesting that incorporating lagged AT enhances model accuracy compared to the best simple linear model, using only same-day AT, with NSE of 0.61 and RMSE of 0.57°C. The ANN model, which utilized daily AT, the previous day's temperature, and time of year, was the most effective, achieving the highest NSE of 0.69 and the lowest RMSE of 0.51°C. This demonstrates its capability to capture non-linear relationships in the data. This research pioneers river water temperature modeling in the Philippines, offering baseline data and methodologies for future studies. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive approaches and improved monitoring systems to better manage river ecosystems.
Development of an effective rainwater harvesting system using sponge concrete
Authors: Joshi Tejas , Shivam Akbari , Dave Urmil
Published: September 2024

Conventional concrete systems for rainwater harvesting often face challenges with water absorption and clogging. This study proposes an innovative approach: sponge concrete. By integrating absorbent sponge pieces, this method enhances rainwater absorption, overcomes limitations of conventional concrete, and improves water management during rainfall. Five different types of sponges were evaluated for their water absorption capabilities and the quality of water passing through them, assessed based on parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity. Concrete was cast using these sponges to investigate properties such as density, void ratio, and compressive strength with various mix proportions. Among the sponges tested, the one with the lowest density showed the best water absorption results. The quality of water passing through all sponges remained within safety standards. A lower water-to-cement (w/c) ratio proved effective for achieving higher void ratio and lower density which is required for thereby achieving higher water absorption capacity. Although a higher void ratio resulted in relatively lower compressive strength, incorporating supplementary cementitious materials mitigated this issue to some extent. Hence, this study suggests that sponge concrete provides a promising solution for enhancing rainwater harvesting efficiency, offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional concrete systems.
ANALISIS KINERJA MESIN ROTARY DRYER BERBAHAN BAKAR GAS LPG UNTUK PENGERINGAN GABAH
Authors: Ritonga Abdul Mukhlis , Mustaufik Mustaufik , Hitapriya Adeka Sangtraga , Khasanah Jannata Utswatun
Published: September 2024

Drying of grain is a process to reduce the water content. One of the obstacles in the drying process is the weather factor. The use of a rotary dryer with LPG gas fuel can be used as an alternative to dry grain. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the rotary dryer in grain drying including the optimum machine capacity, reduction in the moisture content of the material, drying energy, drying rate, and drying efficiency. The research method used is the experimental method. The condition of the grain moisture content tested was water content between 18%-22% and thermostat temperature between 50°C-60°C (treatment 1), moisture content between 23%-27%, and thermostat temperature between 60°C-70° C (treatment 2) with a total mass of 500 kg of grain. The results showed that the rotary dryer machine can be used to dry grain efficiently. The rotary dryer machine produces an average optimum capacity of 104.02 kg/hour in treatment 1 and 111.90 kg/hour in treatment 2, the decrease in water content in treatment 1 is 5.92% and in treatment 2 is 8.65%, drying energy in average 188.453 .1 kJ in treatment 1 and 162.862.7 kJ in treatment 2, Drying rate on average 2.71 % db/hour in treatment 1 and 4.47 % db/hour in treatment 2, Drying efficiency on average 32.67% in treatment 1 and 50.92 % in treatment 2.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MEDAN MAGNET TERHADAP UKURAN ATOMISASI BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN GASOLINE DAN BIOETANOL
Authors: Nufus Tatun Hayatun , Dianta Mustofa Kamal  , Gun Gun R Gunadi  , Candra Damis Widiawati  , Asep Apriana  , Muhammad Todaro
Published: September 2024

The atomization process plays a very important role because the success or failure of combustion in the combustion chamber is influenced by the size of the liquid fuel mist. The occurrence of good atomization from atomized is determined by the size of the fuel droplets and the size of the nozzle diameter. Reducing the droplet diameter can increase the velocity, which can affect the Reynolds number and cause turbulence effects. The effect of turbulence provides a vortex effect, which enhances the heat transfer process between hot air and fuel particles in the combustion chamber. In this research, the effect of fuel magnetization on droplet size is analyzed. The fuel used is E0, E10, E20, E30, and E100, all types of fuel are channeled through an electromagnetic field of 1500 Gauss. Next, the particle size was tested using a Particle Size Analyzer, Bettersize BeNano 90 Zeta. The result was a decrease in particle size of 8-27%. The particle size measured using the PSA (particle size analysis) tool and theoretical calculations is <10% different. Each tool has an accuracy limit for PSA with a maximum accuracy of around 5%. These results provide initial information that the fuel magnetization process can improve engine performance.
INVESTIGASI MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN KEKERASAN MATERIAL GEARBOX TRAKTOR TANGAN DENGAN METODE PENGECORAN LOGAM
Authors: Kusnowo Roni , Nadi M. Rizki Gorbyandi , Hermana Gita Novian , Siswanto Ari , Nahrowi Muhammad , Ruskandi Cecep , Gemilang Yun
Published: September 2024

Tractor gearboxes have become a crucial mechanization tool in the agricultural industry in Indonesia. However, in practice, many of the hand tractor gearboxes available are still imported. Therefore, research is needed to produce hand tractor gearboxes to support domestic industry self-sufficiency. The gray cast iron hand tractor gearbox is produced using a metal casting process with sand molds. The material resulting from this metal casting process has a composition of 3.249 wt.% C, 1.757 wt.% Si, 0.6 wt.% Mn for the first batch, 3.153 wt.% C, 1.568 wt.% Si, 0.624 wt.% Mn for the second batch, and 3.105 wt.% C, 1.932 wt.% Si, 0.560 wt.% Mn for the third batch. Based on microstructure analysis, the gray cast iron consists of 5% ferrite phase, 95% pearlite, and flake graphite type A with a size of 5. Brinell hardness testing resulted in hardness values of 152, 155, and 164 BHN for the gray iron for the first, second, and third batches respectively. The gray cast iron has a yield strength of 163, 172, and 176 MPa for each batch respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the gray cast iron from each batch is 285, 311, and 326 MPa
OPTIMASI PARAMETER PROSES 3D PRINTING TERHADAP KELENGKUNGAN SOFT PNEUMATIC GRIPPER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FILAMENT EFLEX
Authors: Hasdiansah Hasdiansah , Viniolita Thala Viniolita , Pristiansyah Pristiansyah , Herianto Herianto
Published: September 2024

The emergence of 3D Printing technology has influenced several industries.3D Printing quickly produced mechanical components and prototype products with low production volumes. This research uses Cartesian DIY (Do It Yourself) 3D Printer and Eflex filament as material. This study aims to obtain the optimal process parameters set on the slicing software with the soft actuator angular response by giving two variations of 0.4 MPa and 0.6 MPa compressed air. Process parameters used in this study are flowrate, nozzle temperature, printing speed, and fan speed. This study aims to obtain the 3D printing process parameters using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology in producing soft actuators with the most optimal curvature angle using the Taguchi L9OA method. Measurement of soft actuator curvature angle using Fiji Image software. Based on the test results and the calculation of Taguchi analysis on the soft actuator curvature angle, the process parameter settings obtained in the slicing software for a pressure of 0.4 MPa are a flowrate of 105%, a nozzle temperature of 225 ºC, a printing speed of 30 mm/s, and a fan speed of 50%.  Testing 0.6 MPa pressure is flowrate 105%, nozzle temperature 225 ºC, fan speed 50%, and printing speed 30 mm/s.
IMPLEMENTASI STOKASTIK PADA INVESTIGASI PENGARUH I/D TERHADAP PERILAKU ANTARMUKA ALIRAN BERLAWANAN ARAH DI GEOMETRI 1/30 HOT LEG PWR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR KONDUKTANSI
Authors: Astyanto Achilleus Hermawan , Rasyidi Muchsin Muzafar , Nugroho Akhlisa Nadiantya Aji , Ikhsan Alfikri , Saleh Dede Rafico
Published: September 2024

A small leakage in the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant reactor may trigger the occurrence of countercurrent flow which probably develops into a flooding regime followed by the zero penetration caused core cooling failure. During extensive studies in the flooding phenomena in the PWR hot leg, the geometry effects have been widely investigated. The present study investigates the effects of I/D ratios of the riser on the interfacial fluctuations during the counter-current flow on a 1/30 scaled down PWR hot leg geometry. Here, the liquid film fluctuations were acquired by using parallel wire array probes on the basis of a conductance concept. Three I/D ratios which were varied consisted 1.9 (R1), 3.9 (R2) and 8.3 (R3). The obtained data were analyzed on the basis of both time and frequency domains. From the PDF the flooding regime obtains multimodal distributions, while the PSD approaches lower frequencies with higher magnitudes corresponding to either the occurrence of water blockage or slugs.
Keywords: I/D ratio, water level fluctuation, counter-current flow, PWR hot leg, parallel wire array probe, stochastic analysis.
SMART ANDON SYSTEM BASED ON INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS (IIOT)
Authors: Purnomo Wahyudi , Maulana Gun Gun , Suryatini Fitria , Sunarya Adhitya Sumardi
Published: September 2024

In many industrial settings, there are several problems that can arise during the production process. These include machine breakdowns, quality issues, and unexpected delays, which can impact productivity, reduce overall efficiency, and result in lower quality output. In addition, without an effective monitoring system, it can be difficult to identify the root causes of these problems and take appropriate corrective actions.To address these challenges, the implementation of a smart andon system can be highly beneficial. This system enables real-time monitoring of the production process, allowing operators and management to quickly identify and respond to any issues as they arise. By providing instant notifications and alerts, the smart andon system can help reduce downtime, increase productivity, and improve product quality. It also enables more accurate and comprehensive data collection, facilitating better analysis and decision-making by management. Overall, the smart andon system can play a critical role in improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing overall competitiveness in today's highly competitive industrial landscape.the implementation of a smart andon system has been shown to improve production efficiency, reduce downtime, and increase overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). The system allows for real-time monitoring of the production process, early detection of problems, and quick resolution of issues through timely alerts and notifications. This can result in significant cost savings for the industry, improved product quality, and increased customer satisfaction.
PENGARUH WATER COOLANT TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS RADIATOR PADA MESIN TOYOTA KIJANG SERI 4K
Authors: Elfiano Eddy , Suripto Heri , Hastuti Kurnia , Rahman Jhonni , Subekti Purwo , Zinomeza Eho
Published: September 2024

The cooling system of an engine utilizes a radiator to regulate the temperature of the coolant, whice absorbs heat from engine to maintain its optimal operating temperature. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of radiator using defferent types of water coolants, including gallon water. The study involves using a Toyota Kijang 4K series engine mounted on an engine stand. Data collection includes conducting four rotational variations for each coolant, incluidng galon water. The collected data includes parameters such as inlet and outlet temperature of the coolant, air temperature in front of and behind the radioator, wind speed measurements in those areas, and observation of the coolant flow rate. The findings reveal that coolant C demonstrates the highest average effevctiveness among the different coolant, with a value of 25,28%. Coolant B shows an average effectiveness of 21,98%, while coolant A has an average effectiveness of 21,30%. Galon water exhibts the lowest average effevtiveness, with a value of 18.33%. the radiator’s effectiveness is directly related to the rate of heat transfer, meaning that a higher heat transfer rate corresponds to a higher radiator effectiveness. Thus, based on this study, it can be concluded that coolant C is the most effective coolant in terms of radiator efectiveness and heat transfer.
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING IN AUTOMATIC TRAIN SIGNALING MAINTENANCE: A REVIEW
Authors: Raharjo Rachmad Dwi , Wicaksono Satrio , Budiwantoro Bagus
Published: September 2024

The development of automatic railway signaling systems that use moving block systems has grown rapidly. The moving block signaling system, which is a development of the fixed block system, has functions such as automatic control, shortening headways, increasing operating capacity, and railway safety. The Technology used in the moving block signaling system must be reliable and suitable for passenger comfort and safety. So, an effective and efficient maintenance method is needed. Planned and scheduled maintenance prevents disruption and gives minimum maintenance costs. The condition-based maintenance, on the other hand, is the right maintenance for an automatic train signaling system because it uses a data-driven model so that it can support decisions in determining maintenance strategies, and maintenance can be optimized using the Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS) method with one of the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) analysis tools. This optimization can increase operational safety, maintenance cost efficiency, and asset availability. In addition, another advantage of this RCM method is that it can identify critical components that require maintenance priority, so that maintenance resources can be optimized.
PENGARUH JUMLAH ISIAN PROPELAN TERHADAP KECEPATAN PROYEKTIL MUNISI KALIBER 40X46 MM NON-LETHAL
Authors: Sanjiwani Yudistira , Pratikto Pratikto , Irawan Yudy Surya
Published: September 2024

Many kinds of non-lethal ammunitions are developed in the last fourty years. The 40x46 mm Non-lethal ammunition is one of several ammunitions ready to be used in riot control. This type of ammunition can be used to subdue the target by implementing impact force. When developing non-lethal ammunition, it should be considered that the ammunition has adequate projectile velocity to ensure that the impact will produce sufficient pain to immobilize the target without risk of permanent injury. Projectile velocity is affected by the propellant weight and projectile weight. Therefore, a study to understand the effect of propellant charge weight on projectile velocity was done experimentally. This experiment was done by preparing several variations of propellant charge weight which were 0.150 gram, 0.200 gram, 0.250 gram, 0.300 gram and 0.350 gram. The desired output of this study is to obtain the correct amount of propellant charge weight to produce projectile velocity in accordance with the 40x46 mm Non-Lethal ammunition specification. The conclusion of this study is that Variation C ammunition with propellant charge weight of 0.250 gram is the closest variation to achieve nominal projectile velocity of 75 m/s. The exact range of propellant charge weight that can be used as production guidelines in order to comply with the product specification is between 0,228-0,280 grams APS350.
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA, DAN MEKANIK SERAT SELULOSA ALAMI DARI AMPAS TEBU
Authors: Andrianto Sis Nanda Kus , Fitri Femiana Gapsari Madhi , Wijayanti Widya
Published: September 2024

The demand for cellulose fibers is increasing due to their eco-friendly nature. Natural fibers have special qualities that make them excellent for a wide range of fibrous applications, including composites, nanomaterials, biomaterials, textiles, and conductive carbon, which are the main causes of the increased demand. This study uses sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to chemically treat sugarcane bagasse fibers. The highest tensile strength, 532.12 MPa, was found in the fibers treated with both NaOCl and NaOH. Hemicellulose, lignin, and other contaminants were removed through chemical processing, according to a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study. According to the SEM pictures, the NaOCl and NaOH-treated fibers' surfaces improved in cleanliness and roughness. The NaOCl and NaOH treatments showed promise for creating nanocellulose from bagasse fibers and for strengthening composites.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF GROUND ENHANCEMENT MATERIAL (GEM) PRODUCTION STARTUP AS AN IMPORT SUBSTITUTION BASED ON TECHNOLOGICAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Jakah Jakah , Priswantoro Andis , Farakhan Putra Zaki , Syah Herwin , Sumarnadi Eko Tri , Herawan Wawan
Published: September 2024

Ground Enhancement Material (GEM) plays a crucial role in lightning protection systems by effectively channeling lightning voltage into the ground. Given Indonesia's reliance on imports, it is essential to explore domestic alternatives for GEM production. This study assesses the feasibility of establishing a local GEM production startup in Tasikmalaya, West Java, based on technological and financial aspects. The analysis assumes a production capacity of 300 kg per day, an interest rate of 10%, and an economic life of 10 years. The technical aspect includes considerations such as business location, raw materials, and process/equipment technology. The financial aspect employs the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) calculation approaches. Ensuring an adequate supply of raw materials is crucial for long-term sustainability, maintaining product quality, and managing production costs. Financially, the project yields a positive NPV value (IDR 599,655,405), an IRR exceeding the interest rate (17.9% > 10%), and a relatively short investment payback period (5 years and two months). Based on consideration of the technical and financial aspects, it is evident that the GEM production startup is a feasible and profitable investment.
DEVELOPMENT OF MASSAGE CHAIR MADE OF CARDBOARD MATERIALS: DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND STRENGTH EVALUATION
Authors: Zulaikah Siti , Triawan Farid , Budiman Bentang Arief , Romadhon Yusuf
Published: September 2024

This study aims to design and fabricate a prototype of massage chair made of corrugated cardboard materials and evaluate its structural strength. It could be a pioneering study as no one had manifested or discussed it before. The prototype is currently made with dimensions of approximately 60 ´ 50 ´ 100 cm, consisting of 6 cardboard components, affords a reflexology sensation from solid rubber balls, and provides reclinable features at the backrest and footrest. The most prominent benefit of this cardboard massage chair compared to the commercialized ones is environmentally friendly and lightweight products. Moreover, the constructed component can be disassembled and folded, making it a portable massage chair. From the strength evaluation, the cardboard massage chair can still endure a load of 50 kg to the prototype’s seat, backrest, and footrest. However, multi loading directions (e.g., vertical, longitudinal, lateral), stress concentration, and fluctuating person weight would generate tremendous stress and lead to a more substantial possibility of damage and failures on the cardboard after several testing cycles. Therefore, further improvement processes should be investigated to develop an optimized version of cardboard massage chair in the future.
EVALUASI KONVERSI DAN DISTRIBUSI ENERGI PADA RESEARCH TEST ENGINE TIPE 240PE BERBAHAN BAKAR GASOLINE JENIS PERTALITE
Authors: Paloboran Marthen , Pangruruk Thesya Atarezcha Pangruruk , Darmawang Darmawang , Tjandi Yunus Tjandi , Yasdin Yasdin , Wabdillah Wabdillah , Wabdillah Wabdillah , Sidin Udin Sidik , Asmeati Asmeati
Published: September 2024

Gasoline fuel is a kind of fossil fuel that is still the primary fuel for vehicles and motorcycles nowadays. Demand for fuel continues to increase from time to time, so an effort is needed to save the use of fuel. This research is intended as an initial study to determine the quantity of heat energy converted and distributed into several engine performance parameters. Furthermore, the results of this study became the basis for the development of similar research to produce high engine performance and low emissions as well as economists by setting combustion parameters. The result shows that only a small portion of the heat generated from pertalite fuel is used as effective power. Most of the heat energy from the fuel is wasted in the environment and distributed into radiant heat, and some of it becomes heat to the exhaust gases and heat to the cooling water.
SIMULASI NUMERIK ALIRAN FLUIDA PADA KINCIR AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SLIDING MESH INTERFACE
Authors: Agato Agato , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Indarto Indarto , Alfeus Sunarso
Published: September 2024

This research is aimed to investigate the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of numerical simulation method for the study of flow in a waterwheel system by comparing the results to the results of experiment, as well as by comparing the computational load of various solution schemes. The simulation is performed using Ansys Fluent with sliding mesh interface (SMI) method to treat the interface between rotating waterwheel region and static channel region. The governing equations are solved using the SIMPLE and Coupled schemes, and the effects of spatial and temporal resolutions are investigated. In general, the values of torque and power and the flow patterns obtained using numerical simulation are in a good agreement with those obtained using the experiment, which confirms the reliability of the simulation method. Considering the accuracy and computational load, it is recommended to use the Coupled scheme instead of the SIMPLE scheme for numerical simulation using SMI method.
PREDICTION OF LOCATOR PIN ERRORS IN FACING PROCESS USING NEURAL NETWORK AND SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION
Authors: Ramdhani Yusli Arbain Sugoro  , Agung Wibowo  , Kurniawan Aji Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Facing is a common process in machining. Facing process error could be the result of a three-pin error in 3-2-1 principle. Measuring pin error is difficult to carry out periodically. This study discusses how to identify pin errors based on the objects deviation after facing using neural network and supporting vector regression. The facing process is carried out on two surfaces. The two processes separately modelled. First case is pin error value prediction based on object deviation at fifteen measuring points. Second case is pin error value prediction based on the deviation of the object at sixteen measuring points and the surface error represented by the pin error in the first case. The performance neural network model for case 1 and case 2 based on R2 score reaches 0.960 and 0.986. The support vector regression model for case 1 and case 2 reaches 0.9485 and 0.9921 of R2 score.
ANALISIS KINERJA KOMPOR GAS BERBAHAN BAKAR DIMETHYL ETHER DENGAN VARIASI DIAMETER LUBANG ANGIN PADA NOSEL
Authors: Sutrisno Seno , Sigit Iswahyudi  , Rany Puspita Dewi
Published: September 2024

The use of a vent on a gas stove affects the mixing of air with fuel. This study examines the effect of different vent diameters on the performance of Dimethyl Ether (DME) gas-fueled stoves. A nozzle with variations in vent diameter of 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, and no vent with a nozzle diameter of 0.96 mm at each vent. Installed on the fuel ignition system, the flame, heat intake, and combustion efficiency were tested. From the test results at a pressure of 280 mmH2O, the highest flame noise value after shutdown was obtained at the nozzle with a 1 mm vent which amounted to 64.2 dB, the highest heat intake value at the nozzle with a 1 mm vent which amounted to 1.6625 kW, and the highest efficiency value at the nozzle with a 3 mm vent which amounted to 59.135%.
POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA AIR HUJAN PLTAH SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI LISTRIK PIRANTI ELEKTRONIK RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Anisa Zuffa , Erwanto Erwanto
Published: September 2024

Bibliometric analysis studies of researchers about the use of rainwater as electrical energy are still very few. There is still no utilization of rainwater which is directly used for electrical energy. Analysis of the capacity of the electrical energy requirements of electronic devices shows that the electrical energy requirements for several types of laptops and mobile phones range from (3 – 18) milliwatts per second mWs or (11.02 – 63.13) watt-hour Wh. So that this mini hydropower can be used to turn on LED lights 220 V AC, laptops, and cellphones. Gutters at home that drain water when it rains have a much larger water discharge capacity than a miniature hydropower plant, of course, have enormous potential in independently supplying household electrical energy needs. In which the electrical energy can be used directly or stored in a power saver energy such as Accu, or power bank.
PERANCANGAN ALAT BENCH TEST DENGAN 5 VALVE UJI CLASS 800 UNTUK SATU SIKLUS
Authors: Dionisius Felix , Annabani Muhammad Taqiyyudin , Suhardi Suhardi , Chaerul Chaerul
Published: September 2024

Hydrotest testing carried out in the valve industry still uses manual methods. This makes the hydro test process less efficient in processing time. Therefore, it is necessary to design a valve testing tool to speed up the testing process. The tool is designed must be able to withstand the hydro test pressure in the specified number of valves simultaneously. This research was a design on frame strength testing which aims to operate at certain pressures by standards. The method was used by numerical simulation and theoretical. Theoretical with cross or distribution method was used as validation of numerical simulation results. The results of the numerical simulation show safe results when operating with a von misses stress of 193,155 N/mm2. While the error of the design produced with theoretical calculations is 32-33%.
PENGARUH PERSENTASE ZIRCONIA BALL TERHADAP VOLUME MILL JAR PADA PROSES PENGHALUSAN SERBUK KERAMIK ALUMINA DENGAN ALAT HORIZONTAL BALL MILL
Authors: Indra Ade , Wigianto Fadrian Wigianto , Perdana Mastariyanto
Published: September 2024

Research has been conducted on the effect of Zirconia Ball on the volume of Mill Jar in the process of smoothing Alumina ceramic powder with Horizontal Ball Mill tool. The research was conducted by adjusting the percentage variation of Zirconia Ball by 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of the Mill Jar capacity. Then the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) test, observation of Alumina powder shape with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and phase testing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted. From the PSA test results, it was found that the best pulverization results with the smallest results were found in the volume setting of 40% of the Mill Jar capacity carried out at a horizontal ball mill rotation of 150 rpm for 6 hours. These results were proven through PSA and SEM tests, and no Zirconia Ball contamination was found in the Alumina powder pulverization results.
PENGARUH SILIKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM LATEKS KARET ALAM DALAM PENGAPLIKASIAN BLADDER COMPRESSION MOULDING
Authors: Pranata M. Sagitra , Nugroho G. , Indrajati Ihda Novia , Dewi Indiah Ratna
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the production and analysis of bladders made from natural rubber latex using the dipping technique, with the aim of identifying the optimal formulation for determining their mechanical properties. The procedure was executed by a series of sequential steps, including dispersion, compaction, and vulcanization. Bladder compression molding was conducted using a range of five samples of SiO2, with varying proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 phr. The testing was conducted in accordance with ISO 37, ISO 34-1, and ISO 188 standards. The findings indicated that the optimal formula was derived from the modification including a concentration of 2 parts per hundred of SiO2. The obtained mechanical parameters consist of a tensile strength of 17,972 MPa, an elongation at break of 924 MPa, and a tear strength of 50,478 MPa. The test parameters utilized in this study were in compliance with ISO 37, ISO 34-1, and ISO 188 standards.
ANALISIS EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH BELOKAN TAJAM DAN SUSUNAN PIPA TERHADAP PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA SOLAR WATER HEATER
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Syukri , Syuhada Ahmad , Razali Razali
Published: September 2024

Hot water is water that has a temperature above the human body's temperature, which ranges between 37-100°C. The demand for hot water keeps increasing, especially for bathing purposes, as bathing with hot water is more comfortable and can help relax the body. Typically, hot water is obtained by boiling water using oil or wood-burning stoves and using electric water heaters, which increase household expenses. The best alternative to address this issue is to create a solar water heater. To improve the performance of a solar water heater, many researchers have conducted studies on this topic, but further improvements are still needed to achieve more optimal results. This research is conducted to test the effect of the number of sharp bends, the length of the pipe between sharp bends, and the arrangement of the pipe layout on the heat transfer that occurs in a 30 L solar water heater pipe with collector dimensions of 2.5 x 0.8 m². The variations made on the heating pipe involve varying the length of the pipe between sharp bends into three variations, namely (230, 670, 95) cm, arranged horizontally and vertically. Based on the research with an average solar radiation intensity of 790-850 W/m², the most optimal collector occurred in the variation III pipe (95 cm) with an end water temperature of 76.56°C, useful energy of 360.4333 W, solar water heater efficiency of 23.4714%, and convective heat transfer coefficient of 150.7833 W/m²K.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BENTUK LUBANG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA MENARA PENDINGIN TIPE PLAT DATAR BERLUBANG BERTINGKAT
Authors: Mustika Yulanda Dwi , Syuhada Ahmad , Razali Razali
Published: September 2024

Cooling tower is one of the most widely used cooling systems in the industrial world. A cooling tower is a series of heat exchange devices that use working fluids, such as water and air, to act as a cooling medium by coming into direct contact with the air, causing a small portion of the water to evaporate and reducing the temperature of the liquid. To enhance the performance of cooling towers, many researchers have conducted studies on this matter, but there is still room for improvement to achieve more optimal results. The objective of this research is to obtain an optimal cooling tower system by determining the convective heat transfer coefficient. With this phenomenon, the research investigates the heat transfer process that occurs on perforated plates in a flat plate-type cooling tower with an overall tower height of approximately 2.4 meters and around 5 levels of fluid distribution media. The length of each plate is 0.7 meters with a width of 0.5 meters. Variations are also made in the multi-level cooling tower design, specifically in the shape of the perforations used, including circular, triangular, and square perforation shapes, using a zig-zag outlet hole model. The perforated plate area is 0.0157 square meters for each plate, with a 15° inclination angle for each plate arrangement. The research results indicate that the highest heat transfer coefficient values occur in the multi-level cooling tower when using square-shaped plates, followed by triangular-shaped plates, while circular-shaped plates have the lowest heat transfer coefficient values. Therefore, variations in the shape of the perforations on the flat plates affect the change in temperature reduction and the heat transfer coefficient values in the performance of the multi-level cooling tower.
EFFECT OF DIAMETER BEARING MOUNTS TO STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR ON TRUCK GEARBOX CASING
Authors: Siregar Rakhmad Arief , Siahaan Muhammad Yusuf Rahmansyah , Rizal Mahmud
Published: September 2024

The present study examines the effect of diameter bearing mounts to the stress concentration factor. Three commercial truck gearbox casings were selected for redrawing using CATIA. The gearbox casing is then converted into a FEM model in ANSYS. It has a bore ratio (the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter of the bearing diameter) of 1.8, 1.5 and 1.4. By applying pressure to the upper gearbox casing for static and dynamic conditions, the total deformation response and equivalent stress are investigated. The deformations and equivalent stresses on the three models of gearbox were determined and discussed. It was found that the bore ratio of the gearbox showed significant differences in results on deformations and equivalent stress. Based on the equivalent stress data of view A, which is the side of the gearbox casing connected to the engine, the stress concentration factor results are consistent with the bore ratio.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF NON-PNEUMATIC TIRES WITH HONEYCOMB SPOKES ON SPEED BUMPS
Authors: Sriwijaya Rachmat , Ghiffari Fakhri , Ra’if Zahran , Wijaya Burhani
Published: September 2024

The Non-Pneumatic Tire (NPT) has rapidly developed as an alternative to the Pneumatic Tire since it was created by Michelin in 2005. This research aims to investigate the influence of load and speed on the stress experienced by honeycomb-structured spokes of NPT tires when passing over speed bumps and the behavior of stress distribution in honeycomb spokes. Using the ANSYS Explicit Dynamics module, the chosen simulation method is the finite element method with transient dynamics. Several simulations were conducted by varying the load and initial speed of the NPT. The results of this study indicate that the higher the initial speed of the NPT, the higher the stress experienced by the spokes. Conversely, for all examined speeds, load variations do not significantly impact the stress level in the spokes. Further study on the behavior of NPT tires on inclined roads was also conducted.