bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochar as Sustainable Filler of Recycled Polylactic Acid (PLA): A New Generation of Processable Biocomposites
Authors: Botta Chiara , Grottola Corinna Maria , Amato Davide , Acocella Maria Rosaria
Published: November 2024

As an alternative to fossil-based polymers, polylactide acid (PLA) has stimulated a significant research effort in the past few years due to the demand for environmentally friendly products. Even though PLA is considered a sustainable or bio-based material, the long-term degradation in ambient conditions increases the volume of waste at end-of-life. To overcome this issue, PLA waste can be recycled to produce new manufactures; however, this approach does not always ensure the same mechanical properties as the original PLA. This study shows for the first time that adding biochar, a carbon material derived from biomass pyrolysis, enhances the processability and stability of composite recycled PLA. Composites are provided in 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% of the biochar filler, resulting in good processability, a higher modulus of up to 20%, and a higher stability to degradation in the presence of UV aging treatment with respect to the raw material. Additionally, DSC analysis shows a significant nucleation effect induced by the biochar that achieves 30% crystallinity from an essentially amorphous PLA.
Formation and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Polyelectrolyte Complex Containing Antifungal Phenylpropanoids
Authors: Olea Andrés F. , Carrasco Héctor , Santana Franco , Navarro Laura , Guajardo-Maturana Raúl , Linares-Flores Cristian , Alvarado Nancy
Published: November 2024

In this work, a novel chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was prepared using chitosan as the cationic polyelectrolyte, while a potassium salt of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-tetradecene) (PMA-14) served as the anionic counterpart. These PECs were used for the encapsulation of two nitroeugenol derivatives: 4-allyl-2-methoxy-6-nitrophenol (3) and 2-allyl-6-nitrophenol (4). The results confirm complex formation and efficient encapsulation of active compounds. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was influenced by the chemical structure of the compounds, with 32.18% EE for 3 and 20.36% EE for 4. The resulting systems were characterized by fluorescence probing techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. On the other hand, antifungal assays revealed that, in free form, 3 exhibits a much higher activity against Botritys cinerea than 4. However, no effect of encapsulation of both compounds on antifungal performance was observed. Results from molecular dynamic studies indicate that a stabilization effect is induced by compounds 3 and 4 during PEC formation, which is attributed to specific interactions between polyelectrolytes and guest molecules. These results are in line with the EE values measured for 3 and 4 and explain the low release from PECs of these molecules. Thus, the potential development of PEC-based systems for the delivery of bioactive compounds requires a deeper comprehension of parameters determining the relationship between encapsulation efficiency and delivery kinetics.
Meter-Scale Long Connectorized Paper-like Polymer Waveguide Film for 100 Gbps Board-Level Optical Interconnects Application
Authors: Liu Xu , Ma Lin , Shi Ying , Yu Qiancheng , Kaneta Motoya , Sun Xu , He Zuyuan
Published: November 2024

We design and fabricate meter-scale long connectorized paper-like flexible multimode polymer waveguide film with a large bandwidth-length product (BLP) for board-level optical interconnects application. The measured BLP of the multimode waveguide is greater than 57.3 GHz·m at a wavelength of 850 nm under the strictest overfilled launch condition with a maximum length of 2.1 m and 10-dB insertion loss. The fabricated waveguide films are as flexible as regular printing paper and can be conveniently interfaced with standard mechanically transferable (MT) fiber connectors with low loss. The average insertion loss of the connectorized waveguide is about 0.042 dB/cm with inter-channel crosstalk as low as −46.4 dB, and the bending loss is less than 1 dB at a bending radius of 1 mm under the overfilled launch condition. We also demonstrate a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based single-lane 100 Gbps PAM4 transmission. Our results show that the meter-scale long paper-like polymer waveguide film has both excellent optical properties and large bandwidth and is ideal for high-speed board-level optical interconnects application with a single-lane data rate of 100 Gbps and beyond, especially those that have a strict requirement on the length of connection and compactness.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for the Detection of Norfloxacin in Foods Based on ZIF-8 Core–Shell-Structured Molecularly Imprinted Encoded Microspheres
Authors: Chen Ya , Qiao Xueyong , Sun Guoran , Han Zhonghui , Lv Lei , Zhao Xiaolei , He Jinxing
Published: November 2024

The development of fluorescent sensors with high sensitivity and fast response times is attracting the interest of more and more researchers. Herein, dual-emission ratiometric molecularly imprinted fluorescent encoded microspheres were fabricated and applied for the fast detection of norfloxacin. Core–shell-structured imprinted polymers with ZIF-8 as the supporting core were obtained first and two quantum dots with green and red emission provided the fluorescent signal. The introduction of the optical encoding technique greatly simplified the preparation process. After the addition of NOR, the green intensity at 525 nm remained constant and the fluorescent intensity at 625 nm decreased significantly because of the inner filter effect. Under the optimum detection conditions, a good linear correlation ranged from 5 μg L−1 to 500 μg L−1, and the spiked recoveries of the method were 89.76%–106.94%. The detection limit for chicken, pork, fish, and milk samples was established at 2 μg L−1. More importantly, the established sensor provided a faster mass transfer rate, and the detection process took only 15 min, indicating great potential as an alternative for the fast detection of NOR in food samples.
New Composite Materials Based on PVA, PVP, CS, and PDA
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Vicini Silvia , Jędrzejewski Tomasz , Wrotek Sylwia , Sionkowska Alina
Published: November 2024

In this work, new materials based on the blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), chitosan (CS), and polydopamine (PDA) have been prepared. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra have been conducted to verify the presence of individual components in the composite materials. EDX elemental analysis showed a clear view of the element’s presence in the composite materials, with the maximum values for carbon and oxygen. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the surface topography and measure the surface roughness. In the case of the individual polymers, CS presented the higher value of surface roughness (Rq = 3.92 nm and Ra = 3.02 nm), and surface roughness was found to be the lowest in the case of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and it was with values (Rq = 2.34 nm and Ra = 0.95 nm). PVA films presented the surface roughness, which was with the value (Rq = 3.38 nm and Ra = 2.11 nm). In the case of composites, surface roughness was highest for the composite based on PVA, PVP, and CS, which presented the value (Rq = 11.91 nm and Ra = 8.71 nm). After the addition of polydopamine to the polymeric composite of PVA, PVP, and CS, a reduction in the surface roughness was observed (Rq = 7.49 nm and Ra = 5.15 nm). The surface roughness for composite materials was higher than that of the individual polymers. The addition of PDA to polymeric composite (PVA/PVP/CS) led to a decrease in Young’s modulus. The elongation percentage of the polymeric films based on the PVA/PVP/CS/PDA blend was higher than that of the blend without PDA (9.80% vs. 5.68% for the polymeric composite PVA/PVP/CS). The surface of polymeric films was hydrophilic. The results from the MTT assay showed that all tested specimens are non-toxic, and it was manifested by a significant increase in the viability of L929 cells compared with control cells. However, additional studies are required to check the biocompatibility of tested samples.
Short-Beam Shear Strength of New-Generation Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars Under Harsh Environment: Experimental Study and Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model
Authors: Al-Zahrani Mesfer M.
Published: November 2024

In this study, the short-beam shear strength (SBSS) retention of two types of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars—sand-coated (SG) and ribbed (RG)—was subjected to alkaline, acidic, and water conditions for up to 12 months under both high-temperature and ambient laboratory conditions. Comparative assessments were also performed on older-generation sand-coated (SG-O) and ribbed (RG-O1 and RG-O2) GFRP bars exposed to identical conditions. The results demonstrate that the new-generation GFRP bars, SG and RG, exhibited significantly better durability in harsh environments and exhibited SBSS retentions varying from 61 to 100% in SG and 90–98% in RG under the harshest conditions compared to 56–69% in SG-O, 71–80% in RG-O1, and 74–88% in RG-O2. Additionally, predictive models using both artificial neural networks (ANNs) and linear regression were developed to estimate the strength retention. The ANN model, with an R2 of 0.95, outperformed the linear regression model (R2 = 0.76), highlighting its greater accuracy and suitability for predicting the SBSS of GFRP bars.
Mechanocaloric Effects Characterization of Low-Crystalline Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Fiber
Authors: Zhang Jiongjiong , Wu Yilong , Lv You , Zhu Guimei , Zhu Yuan
Published: November 2024

Mechanocaloric cooling/heat pumping with zero carbon emission and high efficiency shows great potential for replacing traditional refrigeration with vapor compression. Mechanocaloric prototypes that are developed using shape memory alloys (SMAs) face the problems of a large driving force and high cost. In this work, we report a low-crystalline thermoplastic polyetherurethane (TPU) elastomer fiber with a low actuation force and good mechanocaloric performance. We fabricate the TPU fiber and develop a multifunctional mechanical tester to measure both the elastocaloric and twistocaloric effects. In the experiments, the applied stress required to induce mechanocaloric effects of the TPU fiber is only 10~30 MPa, which is much lower than that of widely used NiTi elastocaloric SMAs (600~1200 MPa). The TPU fiber produces a maximum twistocaloric adiabatic temperature change of 10.2 K, which is 78.9% larger than its elastocaloric effect of 5.7 K. The wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) results show that the strain-induced amorphous chain alignment and associated configurational entropy change are the main causes of the good mechanocaloric effects of the TPU fiber, rather than the strain-induced crystallization. This work demonstrates the potential of achieving low-force heat-efficient mechanocaloric cooling using thermoplastic elastomer fibers.
Investigation of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Buffer Relief Valve of a Swing Motor Under Start–Stop Impact
Authors: Dai Pengyun , Ji Hong , Chen Qianpeng , Wang Zhaoqiang , Wang Jinbo
Published: November 2024

The swivel system of a hydraulic excavator is susceptible to pressure impact during start and stop, which significantly impacts the service life of the excavator. In this investigation into how varying speeds affect the dynamic characteristics of a swing motor’s buffer relief valve (BRV), the AMESim simulation model of the whole swing motor was established, and its validity was confirmed through experimental testing. The pressure overshoot rate and start–stop impact time of the BRV of a swing motor at 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2000 rpm, under different spring stiffnesses, were analyzed. Based on the mathematical model of the BRV, the influence of the main structural parameters of the BRV on its dynamic characteristics were analyzed using an AMESim simulation model of the whole swing motor. The results show that an increase in the rotational speed of the electric motor, while maintaining a constant spring stiffness, affects the pressure overshoot rates of both the buffer relief valve of the swing motor inlet (BRVSMI) and the buffer relief valve of the swing motor outlet (BRVSMO); specifically, when the set pressure is established at 20 MPa, the pressure overshoot rate is observed to be higher, and the start–stop impact time exceeds 25 MPa. During the start phase of the swing motor, the start impact time for the BRVSMI remains relatively constant at approximately 2.5 s, with the pressure overshoot rate stabilizing at around 0.8. Conversely, in the stop phase of swing motor, both the stop impact time and the pressure overshoot rate of the BRVSMO exhibit variability in their response to the structural parameters of the BRV. Under conditions of comparatively high pressure, it is recommended to increase the diameter of the spool damping hole, the mass of the valve core, and the viscous damping coefficient, while simultaneously reducing the guide rod diameter of the buffer plunger, as these modifications can effectively enhance the start–stop impact time and mitigate the pressure overshoot rate.
The Combustion of Lean Ethanol–Air Mixtures in a Swiss-Roll Combustor
Authors: Podlesniy Dmitry , Polianczyk Eugene , Tsvetkov Maxim , Yanovsky Leonid , Zaichenko Andrey
Published: November 2024

A novel meso-scale 3-channel 5-turn Swiss-roll type combustor was designed and tested. The non-catalytic combustion of lean ethanol–air mixtures was experimentally investigated in relation to the oxygen excess ratio (α), which varied from 1.5 to 7. Depending on the control parameters used, two distinct regimes of combustion were experimentally observed: one with a combustion zone within the central chamber and another with a combustion zone in the inflow channel. The combustion temperature was virtually independent of stoichiometry. For richer mixtures and lower flow rates, the combustion zone is established in the inflow channel, thus limiting the combustion temperature. A qualitative model was proposed for the process and solved analytically; it described how the combustion regime self-adjusted, with the reaction zone moving into the inflow channel from the central chamber. This study confirmed the possibility of the sustainable combustion of ultra-lean fuel mixtures in a Swiss-roll combustor.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome with Venetoclax/Carfilzomib/Dexamethasone for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report
Authors: Fankhauser Reilly , Lu Alan , Kassim Adetola , Biltibo Eden
Published: November 2024

Background and Clinical Significance: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare occurrence in patients treated with venetoclax mono- or combination therapy, and clear protocols guiding TLS prophylaxis are lacking. Case Presentation: We present a 53-year-old male with a history of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with t(11;14) treated with venetoclax, carfilzomib and dexamethasone (VenKd), resulting in TLS with subsequent renal failure. Repeat marrow biopsy showed no monoclonal plasma cells but extensive fibrosis. Venetoclax was reintroduced after two months with marrow recovery. Venetoclax was titrated from 200 to 400 mg daily alongside IV fluids and allopurinol without TLS recurrence. Conclusions: Here, we highlight the importance of risk stratification, dose titration, and TLS prophylaxis with venetoclax use in RRMM.
Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Carbon Sequestration and Emission Reduction Capacity of Agricultural Cultivation in Different Functional Grain Areas
Authors: Wang Yidi , Liu Xianzhao , Song Mengru
Published: November 2024

The capacity of agricultural cultivation for carbon sequestration and emission reduction plays a key role in advancing the green and sustainable development of agriculture and achieving both emission reduction and carbon sink objectives. This study constructs an index for agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity using spatial autocorrelation analysis, Theil index, and kernel density estimation, to thoroughly explore spatiotemporal changes and regional differences in carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity across China and its different grain functional areas. Major findings include: (1) From 2000 to 2020, China’s agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, consistent in grain main production areas, while production–consumption and main marketing areas showed a fluctuating decline. (2) From 2000 to 2020, positive spatial correlation in carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity increased at both national and regional levels, particularly in the main production and production–consumption areas, while the main consumption areas demonstrated a trend toward negative correlation. (3) The Theil index of China’s agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity showed an overall fluctuating increase, with interregional differences contributing over 54%, significantly surpassing intra-regional contributions. Moreover, the main producing regions are the main source of the overall national variance. (4) Kernel density analysis highlights that there are significant differences in the distribution and evolution of carbon sequestration and emission reduction capacity among different grain functional areas, and the overall development is unbalanced. Therefore, each region needs to formulate tailored measures to improve agricultural carbon sequestration efficiency, promote regional sustainable development, and achieve carbon reduction goals.
Analyzing Coupling Coordination and Driving Factors of Social–Ecological Resilience: A Case Study of the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Zhu Linxiao , Sheng Shuo , Gong Haokun , Yang Qingming , Zhang Xuanfeng , Xiao Huabin
Published: November 2024

Flat terrain and economically prosperous downstream regions face significant challenges in achieving a balance between socio-economic development and ecological preservation. The Social–Ecological System (S-ES) serves as a vital framework for quantifying the interactions between human activities and the natural environment, providing insights into the development status of regional social and ecological systems. This study utilizes the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) method to construct an S-ES coupling model, integrating correlation analysis, geographic detectors, and grey relational analysis to explore the driving factors influencing Social–Ecological Resilience (S-ER) coordination. The research focuses on 25 counties in Shandong Province, situated in the lower Yellow River Basin, over the period from 2000 to 2022. Key findings include (1) significant spatial clustering, with identifiable hotspots and cold spots in S-ER distribution; (2) substantial changes in S-ER CCD around 2010 and 2020; and (3) persistent mismatches between socio-economic development and ecological improvement, presenting a major challenge for enhancing coordination. These insights provide valuable guidance for sustainable development strategies in the lower Yellow River Basin.
Bloggers’ Minimalist Consumption Guidance for Sustainability: Exploring the Determinants to Reduce Excessive Apparel Consumption
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Liu Quanling , Li Yangfan , Xu Zhao
Published: November 2024

The increasingly popular minimalist consumption concept makes more people reflect on the harm of excessive consumption behavior to sustainability. In particular, the phenomenon of excessive apparel consumption is more obvious, resulting in the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In China, more and more bloggers publicize the life change and spiritual decompression brought by a minimalist lifestyle on the Internet. However, whether this guidance could have an impact on consumers’ rational consumption intention and its driving path are still unknown. This study explored the role of bloggers’ minimalist consumption guidance in influencing residents’ intention to reduce excessive apparel consumption in Web 2.0. Considering the bloggers’ guidance on reshaping the self-awareness of members in virtual communities, a comprehensive model is constructed, including bloggers’ attractiveness, bloggers’ minimalist consumption guidance, community belonging perception, (self-monitoring) self-efficacy perception, and (self-worth) ascription of environmental responsibility. Data were collected through questionnaires and the analysis results indicate that there is no significant relationship between bloggers’ minimalist consumption guidance and the intention to reduce excessive apparel consumption. This non-coercive media campaign does not directly affect residents’ behavior, but indirectly increases consumers’ intention to consume apparel rationally by acting on community belonging perception, self-efficacy perception, and ascription of environmental responsibility. In the Internet age, this study not only provides suggestions for guiding residents to consume apparel rationally in China, but also possibly serves as an inspiration for related research in other emerging economies.
A Robust Controller for a Novel Single-Switch Non-Isolated Converter with Low-Order Ripples for Electric Vehicle Chargers
Authors: Rajeswari V. , Mohanty Nalin Kant
Published: November 2024

High-efficiency non-isolated converters play a predominant role in electric vehicle on-board chargers to enhance the sustainability of EV charging stations. A novel single-switch configuration connected in a new parallel structure offering a higher efficiency than recently reported topologies is introduced in this article. A PV source powered single switch–switched capacitor–single inductor (SS–SC–SL) arrangement employing an intelligent, robust controller (MPC) is proposed to build a sustainable framework for electric vehicles. Notable features of this topology include improved voltage regulation, a high output gain, and maintaining a ripple-free continuous load current at a nominal duty cycle range which is commonly applicable for electric vehicle on-board chargers. In addition, several factors are included, as follows: design considerations, theoretical analysis, converter performance in CCM, and comparison with existing configurations. The converter simulation results are executed using the MATLAB software 2022a, and to verify the system performance, an experimental setup of 150 W is built and tested. The hardware results of a higher efficiency at 96.9% and a ripple-less continuous load current are achieved and validated in the laboratory.
Toward Sustainable Development: Can Digital Transformation of Industrial Enterprise Drive Carbon Reduction?
Authors: Han Dongqing , Zhang Dayong , Yue Peng , Cao Zhengxu
Published: November 2024

Digital technologies have great potential to improve the global environment. To investigate the issue, this research takes Chinese A-share listed industrial firms as the observation object to explore the influence of digital transformation (DT) of industrial enterprise on carbon reduction. The results show that digital transformation can promote carbon reduction and provide strong support for achieving sustainable economic development. Digital transformation reduces carbon emissions through promoting green technology innovation, improving internal control quality, and easing financing constraints. The carbon-reducing role of digital transformation of state-owned industrial companies is more obvious than that of others. The influence of digital transformation on carbon emissions in firms with low energy consumption and low emissions is linear, whereas in firms with high energy consumption and high emissions, the digital transformation has an inverted U-shaped influence. The effect of digital transformation on carbon reduction has area heterogeneity, among which the eastern area in China is the most obvious, followed by the northeast and central regions; the western region is not significant. The research conclusions provide important theoretical support and practical experience for in-depth analysis of the driving mechanism of industrial carbon emission reduction and for seeking policy optimization paths in order to contribute wisdom to promoting sustainable development.
Research on the Impact of Social Network Embeddedness on Returnee Innovative Behavior
Authors: Li Jingzhi , Li Yongzhou
Published: November 2024

The trends of international competition and cooperation have amplified the influence of returnees’ innovative behaviors on technology and knowledge transfer. However, the scarcity of local network resources and challenges in cross-cultural adaptation hinder their effectiveness in innovation activities. Based on network embeddedness theory and social cognitive theory, this study examines how and when network embeddedness enhances the innovative behavior of returnees. Data were collected from 306 employees in mainland China who had experience studying, working, or residing abroad. The findings reveal that network embeddedness positively influenced returnees’ innovative behavior by enhancing their creative self-efficacy, with the organizational innovation climate further amplifying this effect. This study provides insights into how individual-level network factors impact returnees’ innovative behavior, highlighting the unique contributions returnees make to social networks. Furthermore, the organizational innovation climate is shown to enhance the innovative capabilities of returnees and reinforce their roles in driving corporate technological innovation and competitiveness.
An Investigation of the Intention to Visit Smart Tourism Destinations: Domestic Travelers vs. International Travelers
Authors: Nadee Winai , Kaewkitipong Laddawan , Ractham Peter , Sayruamyat Suwanna
Published: November 2024

Smart tourism technologies (STTs) enable tourists to obtain travel information instantly and to conduct several contactless transactions, which are preferred by travelers to limit the amount of unnecessary contacts after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this paper surveyed 451 tourists and investigated the influence of attitudes and self-efficacy on an intention to visit smart tourism destinations. Attributes of STTs and tourists’ expertise and personal innovativeness were explored to understand their influence on attitudes and self-efficacy. Furthermore, we examined the moderating effect of being domestic or international tourists to address the differences in self-efficacy, attitudes, and behavioral intention. Our research findings show that attitudes have a stronger effect on behavioral intention than self-efficacy does, and interactivity has the strongest effect, among other factors, on attitudes. The finding suggests that by focusing on providing interactive services that can respond quickly to tourists’ requests together with personalized information, tourism providers would be able to enhance tourists’ intention to visit smart tourism destinations. Tourist type (domestic vs. international) did moderate the effects of interactivity and personalization on attitudes towards STTs. The finding highlights the differences between the two groups of travelers and provides an initial point for future research.
Lean Six Sigma in Saudi Maintenance Companies: Adoption, Proficiency, and the Keys to Success
Authors: Alghuried Abdullah , Alghuson Moahd Khaled , Alshehri Hussain Abdulrahman , Alshehri Turki Bandar , Ali Hatem Yaseen
Published: November 2024

In pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) adoption within Saudi Arabian maintenance companies, this research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of its utilization and gauge the level of comprehension among practitioners. Furthermore, this study sought to pinpoint the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) crucial for the effective implementation of LSS. Employing an electronically disseminated survey, this investigation delved into the realm of LSS, with a specific focus on identifying and assessing these pivotal CSFs. This study encompassed data from 77 participants employed across diverse maintenance organizations in Saudi Arabia, gathered through a digital questionnaire and analyzed utilizing SPSS 22.0. This study used a variety of statistical techniques, such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, to investigate the adoption of LSS and identify key success factors. According to the report, 77.9% of Saudi maintenance businesses have yet to implement LSS, with quality improvement serving as the primary reason for those who have. Comprehensive LSS training, effective people selection, increased awareness, and a strong, data-driven approach are all critical aspects in successful LSS deployment. Furthermore, this study emphasized the importance of training, staff selection, and knowledge of the benefits of LSS in influencing the effectiveness of implementation. Finally, this study provided significant insights into the barriers and enablers of LSS adoption, making both theoretical contributions to the academic area and practical recommendations for firms looking to use LSS for continuous improvement.
Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Using Renewable Energy Resources for Yanbu City
Authors: Yanbuawi Salman M. , Imam Amir A. , Alhussainy Abdullah Ali , Alghamdi Sultan , Hariri Fahd , Rawa Muhyaddin
Published: November 2024

This study presents a techno-economic and environmental analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems to identify the optimal configuration for supplying the planned 850 MW renewable energy plant in Yanbu city, Saudi Arabia. Ten grid-connected system designs combining photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery storage were simulated and optimized using the HOMER Grid software (1.10.2 pro edition). A site suitability analysis was conducted to evaluate potential locations based on climatic, topographic, and infrastructure-related factors. A sensitivity analysis considered variations in solar irradiation, wind speed, temperature, load demand, and economic parameters. The results showed that the PV-only system with an 850 MW capacity achieved the lowest net present cost (NPC) of USD 201 million and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.0344 USD/kWh, making it the most economically feasible option. However, a hybrid WT–PV configuration of 212.5 MW WT and 637.5 MW PV was also proposed to support local manufacturing. All proposed systems provided over a 91% renewable energy contribution while reducing CO2 emissions by 53% compared to grid supply only. Up to 1152 jobs are estimated to be created through renewable energy deployment in Yanbu city.
Advertising and Corporate Green Innovation: From the Perspective of Greenwashing
Authors: Li Jiaying , Fu Ying , Wu Ying
Published: November 2024

Advertising has been regarded as a tool for greenwashing. However, no studies have systematically tested this view. Using a large sample of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2023, this paper examines the effect of advertising on critical environmental action, namely green innovation. The empirical results show that advertising has a negative impact on green innovation. This finding is robust to a battery of robustness tests and is more prominent for state-owned enterprises and heavy pollution-emitting firms. Further analysis shows that advertising lowers the quantity and quality of green innovation. This finding means that advertising is a tool for greenwashing and seriously damages the corporate environmental protection ability.
Assessment of Vegetation Vulnerability in the Haihe River Basin Under Compound Heat and Drought Stress
Authors: Yin Hui , Bai Fuqing , Wu Huiming , Yan Meng , Zhou Shuai
Published: November 2024

With the intensification of global warming, droughts and heatwaves occur frequently and widely, which have a serious impact on the healthy growth of vegetation. The challenge is to accurately characterize vegetation vulnerability under compound heat and drought stress using correlation-based methods. This article uses the Haihe River Basin, an ecologically sensitive area known for experiencing droughts nine out of ten years, as an example. Firstly, using daily precipitation and maximum temperature data from 38 meteorological stations in the basin from 1965 to 2019, methods such as univariate linear regression and the Mann–Kendall mutation test were employed to identify the temporal variation patterns of meteorological elements in the basin. Secondly, the Pearson correlation coefficient and other methods were applied to determine the most likely months for compound dry and hot events, and the joint distribution pattern and recurrence period of concurrent high temperature and intense drought events were explored. Finally, a vegetation vulnerability assessment model based on Vine Copula in compound dry and hot climates was constructed to quantify the relationship of the response of watershed vegetation to different extreme events (high temperature, drought, and compound dry and hot climates). The results indicated that the basin’s precipitation keeps decreasing, evaporation rises, and the supply–demand conflict grows more severe. The correlation between the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Temperature Index (STI) is strongest at the 3-month scale from June to August. Meanwhile, in most areas of the basin, the Standardized Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (sNDVI) is positively correlated with the SPI and negatively correlated with the STI. Compared to a single drought or high-temperature event, compound dry and hot climates further exacerbate the vegetation vulnerability of the Haihe River Basin. In compound dry and hot climates, the probability of vegetation loss in June, July, and August is as high as 0.45, 0.32, and 0.38, respectively. Moreover, vegetation vulnerability in the southern and northwestern mountainous areas of the basin is higher, and the ecological risk is severe. The research results contribute to an understanding of the vegetation’s response to extreme climate events, aiming to address terrestrial ecosystem risk management in response to climate change.
Incorporating Sustainability into Development Plans in Selected African Cities
Authors: Gaegane Lesego
Published: November 2024

African cities face critical challenges in delivering essential services due to limited financial resources and vulnerabilities to climate change impacts, such as floods, and water and energy insecurity. Many cities lack adequate stormwater drainage infrastructure and capacity, hindering their ability to implement environmental sustainability projects. Reports show that two-thirds of sub-Saharan African cities are “at extreme risk” from climate change, threatening local infrastructure and development. Climate change mitigation and adaptation require integration across all sectors, as development without environmental considerations can exacerbate vulnerabilities. This study evaluated how selected African cities have incorporated environmental sustainability into their development plans, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) mainstreaming framework for assessment. The research employed a qualitative approach through thematic content analysis, examining both successes and challenges in mainstreaming environmental sustainability. Findings indicate varying success levels, with some cities excelling in integrating certain environmental sustainability dimensions, while others face significant barriers. The study identifies key enablers and impediments to the effective incorporation of environmental sustainability into urban development, concluding that, while some aspects of environmental sustainability mainstreaming are well addressed, others remain inadequately integrated. These findings underscore the need for a more systematic and comprehensive approach to embedding environmental sustainability within urban development policies and practices across African cities.
Soil and Microbial Biomass Response to Land-Use Changes in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Pan Zhandong , Cai Xuemei , Cai Liqun , Dong Bo , Haider Fasih Ullah , Bo Yongming , Hu Zhaozhao , Li Anqi , Xue Qin
Published: November 2024

Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for addressing ecosystem degradation globally. However, understanding the specific impacts of land-use changes, particularly the conversion of farmland to forestland and grassland, on soil nutrients and microbial biomass in the Loess Plateau remains limited and requires further evaluation. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore how these conversions affect soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and microbial biomass components under various land-use patterns. We studied the SOC, TN, TP, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content and their ratios under six land-use patterns (Farmland (FL), Abandoned cropland (ACL), Natural grassland (NG), Alfalfa grassland (Medicago sativa L. (MS)), Spruce forestland (Picea asperata Mast. (PA)) and Cypress forestland (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (PO))). The conversion of FL to grassland and forestland significantly increased C:N and C:P by 9.82~64.12%, 10.57~126.05%, and 51.44~113.40%, 22.10~116.09%, respectively. The conversion of FL to ACL reduced the C:N and C:P by 5.34~13.57% and 1.51~7.55%, respectively. The conversion of FL to NG can increase soil N:P. The conversion of FL to grassland and forestland increased soil MBC, MBN, and MBP by −31.54~84.48%, −48.39~1533.93%, −46.55~173.85%, and −34.96~17.13%, 68.72~432.14%, −38.39~318.46%, respectively. However, the MBC, MBN, and MBP contents in the soil converted from FL to ACL varied from −28.21~11.95%, 11.17~531.25%, and −82.64~70.77%, respectively. Soil SOC, TN, TP, available potassium (AK), pH, and soil bulk density (BD) are the main factors causing microbial biomass differences. These results indicate that converting farmland into forestland and grassland can improve soil nutrient structure and increase soil microbial biomass and carbon accumulation. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the scientific management of regional land.
The Fundamental Difference Between Boolean Logic and Thermodynamic Irreversibilities, or, Why Landauer’s Result Cannot Be a Physical Principle
Authors: Lairez Didier
Published: November 2024

Landauer’s “principle” claims that erasing one bit of information necessarily dissipates at least Tln2 of heat into the surroundings, making a possibly logically irreversible Boolean operation also thermodynamically irreversible. It is commonly accepted that this result is a fundamental principle of physics that definitively establishes the link between information and energy. Here, we show that this result cannot be general. In fact it comes (1) from a confusion between logical and thermodynamic irreversibilities and between logical and thermodynamic states, which is reminiscent of the classic Gibbs paradox about the joining of two volumes of the same gas, and (2) from two unnecessary constraints imposed on the erase procedure. Clarifying these points permits us to dissociate the two irreversibilities; to invalidate Landauer’s result as being a general physical principle; and to open the door to hardware implementations allowing erasure to follow a thermodynamically reversible, or at least quasistatic, path.
Experimental Investigation on the Effectiveness of EB-CFRP Confinement of Elliptical Concrete Columns
Authors: Benzeguir Zine El Abidine , Chaallal Omar , Godat Ahmed , Hawileh Rami A.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental study involving 20 tests performed on elliptical concrete columns confined with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (EB-CFRP) laminates. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of elliptical aspect ratio (A/B) as well as confinement rigidity (number of EB-FRP layers) on confinement effectiveness. The experimental program consisted of one series of control concrete columns (unstrengthened) and three additional series, each one strengthened with one, two and three layers of EB-CFRP sheets, respectively. Furthermore, each series considered five elliptical aspect ratios (A/B) ranging from 1.0 to 1.6. Following compressive concentric tests until failure, the results were analyzed to characterize the confinement level with an increasing number of EB-CFRP layers as a function of the elliptical aspect ratio. The results show considerable enhancements in compressive strength and in the ductility of the confined columns. Furthermore, this improvement is amplified as the number of EB-CFRP layers increases, indicating a proportional relationship between the compressive strength and the number of CFRP layers. It is found that the ultimate strength of EB-CFRP-confined columns with three layers reached up to 130% compared to the control specimens. However, increasing the elliptical aspect ratio reduced the compressive strength and ductility of confined columns. This study investigated the relation between the CFRP hoop and axial strains and the elliptical aspect ratios. Moreover, through comparison, the results reveal that the prediction models proposed by the Canadian standards S806-12 and S6-19 do not capture the negative effect of the elliptical aspect ratio in confined concrete columns.
Energy-Efficient Data Fusion in WSNs Using Mobility-Aware Compression and Adaptive Clustering
Authors: Hassan Emad S. , Madkour Marwa , Soliman Salah E. , Oshaba Ahmed S. , El-Emary Atef , Ali Ehab S. , El-Samie Fathi E. Abd
Published: November 2024

To facilitate energy-efficient information dissemination from multiple sensors to the sink within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in-network data fusion is imperative. This paper presents a new WSN topology that incorporates the Mobility-Efficient Data Fusion (MEDF) algorithm, which integrates a data-compression protocol with an adaptive-clustering mechanism. The primary goals of this topology are, first, to determine a dynamic sequence of cluster heads (CHs) for each data transmission round, aiming to prolong network lifetime by implementing an adaptive-clustering mechanism resilient to network dynamics, where CH selection relies on residual energy and minimal communication distance; second, to enhance packet delivery ratio (PDR) through the application of a data-compression technique; and third, to mitigate the hot-spot issue, wherein sensor nodes nearest to the base station endure higher relay burdens, consequently influencing network longevity. To address this issue, mobility models provide a straightforward solution; specifically, a Random Positioning of Grid Mobility (RPGM) model is employed to alleviate the hot-spot problem. The simulation results show that the network topology incorporating the proposed MEDF algorithm effectively enhances network longevity, optimizes average energy consumption, and improves PDR. Compared to the Energy-Efficient Multiple Data Fusion (EEMDF) algorithm, the proposed algorithm demonstrates enhancements in PDR and energy efficiency, with gains of 5.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Additionally, it has the potential to extend network lifetime by 13.9%. However, the MEDF algorithm increases delay by 0.01% compared to EEMDF. The proposed algorithm is also evaluated against other algorithms, such as the tracking-anchor-based clustering method (TACM) and Energy-Efficient Dynamic Clustering (EEDC), the obtained results emphasize the MEDF algorithm’s ability to conserve energy more effectively than the other algorithms.
Mortality Profile of Deaths Related to Infective Endocarditis in Brazil and Regions: A Population-Based Analysis of Death Records
Authors: Cordeiro João Vitor Fazzio de Andrade , Raposo Letícia Martins , Godoy Paulo Henrique
Published: November 2024

Background: Studies of infective endocarditis (IE) are generally limited to institutions, underlining the need for more comprehensive epidemiological research. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the mortality profile of IE-related deaths and related causes in Brazil at the national level and across regions. Method: We conducted a population-based study using data from the country’s mortality information system for the period 2000 to 2019. We identified IE-related deaths and related causes based on the ICD-10 codes. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: There were 52,055 IE-related deaths during the study period. Deaths occurred predominantly among men and people aged between 60 and 79 years. The Southeast accounted for the largest proportion of deaths. The most frequent ICD-10 chapter mentioned in relation to IE-related deaths was diseases of the circulatory system. We identified three distinctive profiles: 1—an age of 80 years and over and women, where the most frequent chapters were endocrine, circulatory and metabolic diseases and the South and Southeast accounted for the largest proportion of deaths; 2—an age between 30 and 79 years and men, where the most frequent chapters were infectious and genitourinary diseases and the South and Southeast accounted for the largest proportion of deaths; and 3—an age between 0 and 29 years without any difference between sexes, where the most frequent chapter was diseases of the respiratory system and the North, Northeast and Midwest accounted for the largest proportion of deaths. Conclusions: The findings of the cluster analysis revealed distinctive IE-related mortality profiles, indicating regional differences.
Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification for Point-of-Care Primary Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Lamsisi Maryame , Benlghazi Abdelhamid , Kouach Jaouad , Laraqui Abdelilah , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha , Chauleur Céline , Bourlet Thomas , Li Guorong
Published: November 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant global health concern linked to various cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Timely and accurate detection of HPV is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies. Traditional laboratory-based HPV testing methods often suffer from limitations such as long turnaround times, restricted accessibility, and the need for trained personnel, especially in resource-limited settings. Consequently, there is a growing demand for point-of-care (POC) HPV testing solutions that offer rapid, easy-to-use, and convenient screening at the primary care level. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and emerging technologies utilized in POC HPV testing using isothermal amplification methods, in addition to evaluating their diagnostic performance, sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility compared to conventional laboratory-based assays, particularly in low-resource settings, where access to centralized laboratory facilities is limited. We provide insights into the potential of isothermal nucleic acid amplification to revolutionize cervical cancer screening and prevention efforts worldwide, with emphasis on the need for continued research, innovation, and collaboration to optimize the performance, accessibility, and affordability of POC HPV testing solutions, ultimately contributing to the worldwide effort towards the elimination of this disease.