bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberalización de servicios públicos locales y modalidades de actuación local en los sectores liberalizados
Authors: Tornos Mas Joaquin
Published: September 2017

En los últimos años hemos asistido a un proceso de creciente liberalización de servicios públicos, lo que supone devolver al mercado actividades económicas que se habían excluido del mismo. Este proceso ha sido menor en el ámbito local, pero también han existido casos de liberalización de servicios públicos locales, como es el caso de los servicios funerarios. Este trabajo examina estos procesos de liberalización y sus consecuencias, analizando qué competencias pueden ejercer los municipios en relación a los servicios liberalizados, que no obstante su devolución al mercado siguen siendo servicios de interés general.
SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY PADA PENGEMBANGAN BANDAR UDARA PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Ricardianto Prasadja , Rafi Salahudin , Rifni Muhammad
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the study is to identify airport development plan towards Public Transport Policy based on Airport Development Blue Print with Soft System Methodology (SSM) in West Sulawesi Province. The study is qualitative by applying Soft System Methodology (SSM) with root definition component, constructing images known as rich picture and CATWOE six-element analysis. The data is collected by focus group discussions and in-depth interviews using purposive sampling technique. The results show airport development concept based on seven stages of Transport Public Transport Policy on Soft System Methodology (SSM) basis.
Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Suhu, Kelembaban, dan pH pada Tanah Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega328P
Authors: Jupri Achmad , Muid Abdul , Muliadi -
Published: September 2017

Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat sebuah alat untuk mengukur pH, suhu, dan kelembaban pada tanah berbasis mikrokontroler ATMega 328P. Pengukuran kelembaban tanah menggunakan sensor soil mouisture, Pengukuran pH tanah menggunakan elektroda dan pengukuran suhu tanah menggunakan sensor DS18B20. Mikrokontroler ATMega328P digunakan sebagaipengendali dan pemroses sinyal. Alat ini dilengkapi dengan sistem penyimpan data  menggunakan SD Card sehingga mudah untuk pengambilan data hasil pengukuran.Tahapan penelitian meliputi proses perancangan, pembuatan dan pengujian alat.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kinerja alat ini mampu mengukur pH, kelembaban dan suhu tanah dengan errorberturut-turut sebesar 2,68%, 1,53% dan 0,22%
Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles
Authors: Pomposo Jose A.
Published: September 2017

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.
The Content Analysis Of English Workbook Used In SMKN 1 Gombong
Authors: Astuti Dwi Wiji
Published: September 2017

The research belongs to content analysis which focused on analyzing English workbook content used for grade ten in SMKN 1 Gombong. In analyzing the workbook, the researcher considered the five aspects of standardized book suggested by Hutchinson and Waters (2003): audience, aims, content, methodology, and other criteria. The objective of this research was to find out the quality level of English workbook content based on the criteria of standardized book proposed by Hutchinson and Waters (2003). The instruments used in this research were interview, observation, and documentation. The researcher applied both qualitative and simple quantitative method for this research. Qualitative was used for analyzing and delivering the result into depth description; meanwhile, simple quantitative was for computation result of analysis in a form of number. Based on the result of the research, the workbook was in the fair level, also the researcher viewed that the workbook included into a less standardized book. It was proven by the total scoring of analysis that the workbook reached the number of 35. After doing analysis, the workbook used for grade ten in SMKN 1 Gombong contains of General English.
Trade Publisher Archives: Repositories of Monolingualism? Race, Language, and Rejected Refugee Manuscripts in the Age of Total War
Authors: Komska Yuliya
Published: September 2017

In recent years, monolingualism has become an object of renewed scholarly scrutiny. Divergent as they may be, accounts of its entrenchment typically concur that trade publishers, especially their Anglophone variety, have acted as catalysts in the process. This article questions the assumption by zooming in on the case of an established Boston-based house, Houghton Mifflin, during World War II, i.e. the time when paper rationing and apprehensions about language loyalty did not bode well for the large numbers of literary submissions from American minorities and the many fresh-off-the-boat European refugees. Can Houghton Mifflin’s wartime archive—in particular, the so-called editorial blanks (papers recording the receipt of each manuscript, reader reviews, and the verdict)—count as a substantive repository of monolingualism at this critical point in history? More broadly, what can this archive’s World War II-era content tell us about the interdependencies between language, race, and trade publishing?
Thermodynamics of Micellization, Interfacial Behavior and Wettability Alteration of Aqueous Solution of Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mandal Ajay
Published: September 2017

The present work deals with the physiochemical properties of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (polysorbates), which are commonly known under the trade name Tween. Thermodynamics of micellization and adsorption at air-water interface for these nonionic surfactants solutions have been studied over a broad range of temperature. As the temperature of the surfactant solutions increases, the surface tension decreases whereas the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each surfactant solution initially decreases and then increases. The free Gibb free energies of the micelle formation

Δ

G
m
o

$\Delta {\rm{G}}_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

, and the surfactant adsorption

Δ

G

ads

o

$\Delta {\rm{G}}_{{\rm{ads}}}^{\rm{o}}$

, are calculated for the CMC of each surfactant at different temperatures. The surface or expanding pressure (Πcmc), minimum area per molecule (Amin), maximum surface excess (Γmax) are also calculated. The interfacial tension (IFT) between the aqueous surfactant solutions and the crude oil are measured at different concentrations of the surfactants using a spinning drop tensiometer. The contact angles are determined on an oil wet quartz surface to investigate the wettability alteration in the presence of Tween surfactants with varying salinity. FTIR analysis of quartz at dry and oil wet state, crude oil and COBRS (crude oil-brine-rock-surfactant) combinations are performed to identify the associated functional groups and their mutual interactions.
The Role of Fatty Acids Functional Group in Morinda citrifolia L. on Surface Tension and Diffusion Performance into Ink Particles
Authors: Trismawati Trismawati , Wardana I. N. G. , Hamidi Nurkholis , Sasongko Mega Nur
Published: September 2017

The interaction of fatty acid of Morinda citrifolia L. (FAMC) with ink was studied using Hele Shaw Cells. The interaction is compared to that of fatty acid derivates of synthetic surfactant. These interactions are modeled and explained through micro diffusion and its viscous fingering character. The results show that the molecule structure and the number of double bonds have a special effect on the surface tension and the micro diffusion character. FAMC at six-hour extraction has the highest speed of interaction and highest perimeter of diffusion among synthetic surfactants and other fatty acids in Morinda citrifolia L.
Phase Behavior and Solubilization of Microemulsions Containing C16mimBr with Different Oil-Water Ratios
Authors: Chen Lusheng , Pan Jin , Sun Bin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Cui Xiaocui , Lu Jianjun , Chai Jinling
Published: September 2017

The effects of oil-water ratios (α) on the composition of the balanced interfacial layer and the optimum solubilization of microemulsions C16mimBr/butan-1-ol/oil (octane, decane, dodecane)/5% NaCl solution were investigated. As α increases, the alcohol solubility in water and oil phases (Sa) in the microemulsions also tends to increase. The reason is the relatively high solubility of the alcohol in the oil phase compared to the solubility in water. When α increases, the number of surfactant (

n
s
s

${\rm{n}}_{\rm{s}}^{\rm{s}}$

) and co-surfactant (

n
a
s

${\rm{n}}_{\rm{a}}^{\rm{s}}$

) molecules required to balance the interface layer and the proportion of alcohol in the interfacial layer (AS) increase but the solubilization capacity (SP*) decreases. When the total mass of water and oil is unchanged, the solubilization capacity of the microemulsion systems is lower the higher the relative content of oil is. The effects of different oils, salinity and temperature on the composition of the balanced interfacial layer and the solubilization of microemulsions were also investigated.
Surface Activities and Quantum Chemical Calculations for Different Synthesized Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Authors: El-Shamy Omnia A. A. , Nessim Maher I.
Published: September 2017

Three series of cationic gemini surfactants were prepared and characterized using elemental analysis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The surface properties of them, critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum surface area per molecule (Amin) were evaluated via surface tension measurements. Quantum chemical parameters, such as the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EH), the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital EL, the energy gap (ΔEg), dipole moment (μ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), electrophilicity (ω), hydrophobicity (Log P), approximated surface area (A) and the total energy of the optimized structure (ΔET), were theoretically calculated using the MNDO method.
Co-constituting Bodyguarding Practice through Embodied Reflexivity
Authors: Higate Paul
Published: September 2017

This article focuses on the training context of private military and security (PMS) contractors. The training they undergo varies considerably, though the majority of training providers offer instruction in how to work in armed close protection (CP) as so-called bodyguards of dignitaries or on convoy protection. Set against this backdrop, the article reports on two periods of ethnographic field research of armed CP training where the author trained as a bodyguard in the first, and played the role of dignitary in the second. The discussion notes the very particular ways in which security is co-constituted between training instructor, author, and student. Here, a form of embodied reflexivity is used to show how security is translated between actors. Acknowledging that security is mediated through time, space, and the body can help to explain the experiences of host populations whose security has at particular moments been jeopardized by these armed actors.
Morphomolecular Characterization of Local Boro Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Halder T. , Hoque M. E. , Islam M. M. , Ali L. , Chowdhury A. K.
Published: September 2017

An investigation was carried out to analysis the genetic diversity of 12 Bangladeshi local Boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm using morphological traits and molecular markers. Eight morphological traits (viz., days to 50 percent flowering, growth duration, plant height, filled grain/panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield) and eight Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used for this analysis. The plant morphological traits exhibited more variation among the genotypes tested. Several traits were found to be significantly positive in correlation coefficient analysis and thus those traits can be considered stable as demonstrated by their coefficient of variability. A set of eight SSR primer pairs was used for molecular characterization resulting 49 alleles, where average of allele number was 6.13. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.67 (RM1) to 0.86 (RM314) with an average of 0.76. The highest PIC value (0.86) was obtained for RM314 which also gave maximum alleles. The PIC value revealed that RM314 was the best marker for 12 genotypes tested. The cluster analysis based on UPGMA system grouped 12 genotypes into four clusters.
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices by Rural Mothers of Bangladesh
Authors: Saizuddin Md , Hasan Md Shaidul
Published: September 2017

Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices play vital role for the growth & development in the early months of life. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine and to identify the patterns and influencing factors of feeding practices in infant and young children of 0-2 years old in Bangladesh. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant & young child feeding practices by the rural mothers of Bangladesh with a sample size of 450 during the months of January to December of 2015.Result: Out of 450 children, 51.1% are female & 48.9% are male. The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (13.6%) and exclusive breastfeeding fewer than six months (57.3%) and infants who received complementary feeding at the age of 68 months (55.7%) were low. It showed that 90.4% of mothers have knowledge on exclusive breast feeding but only 57.3% of them have practiced it for 4-6 months. It further revealed that only 8.4% of mothers & 13.6 % of fathers were illiterate. The main problems revealed from the study were late initiation of breastfeeding, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding, and inappropriate complementary feeding practices. It further revealed that 69.3% of the respondents had two or less children and 30.7% had three or more children.Conclusion: Majority of the respondents have the knowledge on complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of food by grains, knowledge on preparation of food by milk and milk products and knowledge on preparation of food by meat, fish, poultry, liver.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1):19-25
Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Authors: Loftus Andrea
Published: September 2017

It was has been my pleasure to have acted as the guest editor for the Brain Sciences Special Issue on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).[...]
The Ultraviolet-Induced Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polymer Radicals Generated from Polyvinyl Benzoate Derivatives
Authors: Takada Tomoya , Nishioka Yuya , Baba Takuma
Published: September 2017

In order to develop a novel technique for the fabrication of hybrid materials containing polymers and nanocarbons, we examined the surface modification of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with benzyl-type polymer side chain radicals generated through photolysis of 4-(chloromethyl)benzoate moieties. The polymer with a 4-(chloromethyl)benzoate side chain was prepared by the esterification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with corresponding acid chloride. The synthesized polymer and MWCNTs were mixed in N-methylpyrrolidone and irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Structural changes of the polymer and MWCNTs were observed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The XPS results revealed that scission of the C–Cl bonds of the chloromethyl groups and benzyl-type radical formation occurred. The incremental surface defects of the MWCNTs caused by UV irradiation were confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy. These results support the covalent bond formation between the polymer side chain and MWCNT sidewalls by radical addition reaction. The photothermal conversion characteristics of the prepared materials were also evaluated.
Gas Turbine Engine Identification Based on a Bank of Self-Tuning Wiener Models Using Fast Kernel Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Lu Feng , Ye Yu , Huang Jinquan
Published: September 2017

In order to simultaneously obtain global optimal model structure and coefficients, this paper proposes a novel Wiener model to identify the dynamic and static behavior of a gas turbine engine. An improved kernel extreme learning machine is presented to build up a bank of self-tuning block-oriented Wiener models; the time constant values of linear dynamic element in Wiener model are designed to tune engine operating conditions. Reduced-dimension matrix inversion incorporated with the fast leave one out cross validation strategy is utilized to decrease computational time for the selection of engine model feature parameters. An optimization algorithm is no longer needed compared to the former method. The contribution of this study is that a more convenient and appropriate methodology is developed to describe aircraft engine thermodynamic behavior during its static and dynamic operations. The methodology is evaluated in terms of computational efforts, dynamic and static estimation accuracy through a case study involving data that are generated by general aircraft engine simulation. The results confirm our viewpoints in this paper.
Biomass Production of Three Biofuel Energy Plants’ Use of a New Carbon Resource by Carbonic Anhydrase in Simulated Karst Soils: Mechanism and Capacity
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Yanyou , Xing Deke , Hang Hongtao , Xie Xiaolin , Yang Xiuqun , Zhang Kaiyan , Rao Sen
Published: September 2017

To determine whether the bicarbonate in karst limestone soil could be used as a new carbon resource for biomass production by the catalysis of carbonic anhydrase (CA), a simulative karst drought stress experiment was designed and performed. Three plants used for biofuel energy, Orychophragmus violaceus L. (Ov), Brassica juncea L. (Bj), and Euphorbia lathyris L. (El), were grown under simulated karst drought stress. In response to drought stress, the photosynthesis of the three energy plants was inhibited, but their CA activity increased. The hypothesis was confirmed by plant physiological and stable isotope techniques. The obtained results showed that plant biomass was produced with atmospheric CO2 as well as bicarbonate under drought stress. Bicarbonate use was proportional to the CA activity of the plants. With high CA activity over a long period, El had the highest proportional bicarbonate use compared to Ov and Bj, reaching 26.95%. Additionally, a new method is proposed for the screening of plants grown for energy in karst habitats.
Improved Reactive Current Detection Method of SVG
Authors: Wei Xueliang , Zhu Guorong , Lu Jianghua , Li Wenjing , Qi and Erjie
Published: September 2017

The static VAR generator (SVG) is an important device in flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) for the development of smart grids. Based on the basis principle of SVG and instantaneous reactive power theory, the conventional ip–iq and dq methods have a certain error when the three phase voltages are unbalanced. In this paper, the current detection algorithm is improved in cases of three-phase power asymmetry by using the fundamental positive-sequence reactive current instead of the voltage as the input of phase locked loop (PLL). So the problems caused by unbalanced three-phase voltages could be avoided. In addition, a moving average filter is designed to improve the performance of the detection accuracy and dynamic response. Experiments verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Selection of Optimal Polymerization Degree and Force Field in the Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Insulating Paper Cellulose
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Tang Chao , Wang Qian , Li Xiaoping , Hao Jian
Published: September 2017

To study the microscopic thermal aging mechanism of insulating paper cellulose through molecular dynamics simulation, it is important to select suitable DP (Degree of Polymerization) and force field for the cellulose model to shorten the simulation time and obtain correct and objective simulation results. Here, the variation of the mechanical properties and solubility parameters of models with different polymerization degrees and force fields were analyzed. Numerous cellulose models with different polymerization degrees were constructed to determine the relative optimal force field from the perspectives of the similarity of the density of cellulose models in equilibrium to the actual cellulose density, and the volatility and repeatability of the mechanical properties of the models through the selection of a stable polymerization degree using the two force fields. The results showed that when the polymerization degree was more than or equal to 10, the mechanical properties and solubility of cellulose models with the COMPASS (Condensed-phase Optimized Molecular Potential for Atomistic Simulation Studies) and PCFF (Polymer Consistent Force Field) force fields were in steady states. The steady-state density of the cellulose model using the COMPASS force field was closer to the actual density of cellulose. Thus, the COMPASS force field is favorable for molecular dynamics simulation of amorphous cellulose.
Non-Iterative Partitioned Methods for Uncoupling Evolutionary Groundwater–Surface Water Flows
Authors: Kubacki Michaela , Tran Hoang
Published: September 2017

We present an overview of a modern, efficient approach for uncoupling groundwater–surface water flows governed by the fully evolutionary Stokes–Darcy equations. Referred to as non-iterative partitioned methods, these algorithms treat the coupling terms explicitly and at each time level require only one Stokes and one Darcy sub-physics solve, thus taking advantage of existing solvers optimized for each sub-flow. This strategy often results in a time-step condition for stability. Furthermore, small problem parameters, specifically those related to the physical characteristics of the porous media domain, can render certain time-step conditions impractical. Despite these obstacles, researchers have made significant progress towards efficient, stable, and accurate partitioned methods. Herein, we provide a comprehensive survey and comparison of recent developments utilizing these non-iterative numerical schemes.
Heat Response of Global Vegetation Biomes to Ongoing Climate Warming Based on Remote Sensing
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Xiaoqiang
Published: September 2017

Research is needed by global change scientists on how global vegetation biomes respond to ongoing climate warming. To address this issue, we selected study sites with significant climate warming for diverse vegetation biomes, and used global gridded temperature and remote sensing data over the past 32 years (1982–2013). The results suggested that climate warming in areas above approximately 60° N is relaxing the heat-constraints on vegetation activity, thus promoting plant growth; whereas, in mid to low latitude areas, ongoing climate warming probably imposes negative impacts on vegetation biomes through drought and heat stress. Understanding these potential effects is important for planning adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate warming, particularly for agro-ecosystems.
Sinomenine Hydrochloride Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cell Growth through Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Activation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Jiang Yumao , Jiao Yue , Wang Zhiguo , Li Tao , Liu Yang , Li Yujuan , Zhao Xiaoliang , Wang Danqiao
Published: September 2017

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and it is one of the causes of cancer fatality in both adult and pediatric populations. Patients with glioblastoma require chemotherapy after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Therefore, chemotherapy constitutes a viable approach for the eradication of glioblastoma cells. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) was evaluated in U87 and SF767 cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SH potently inhibited U87 and SF767 cell viability and did not cause caspase-dependent cell death, as demonstrated by the absence of significant early apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage. Instead, SH activated an autophagy-mediated cell death pathway, as indicated by the accumulated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, triggered autophagic flux and enhanced cell viability after pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors. SH-mediated autophagy in the two cell lines was implicated in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway suppression and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation. The ROS antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the Akt-specific activator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated SH-induced autophagy. Moreover, ROS activated autophagy via the Akt-mTOR and JNK pathways. Additionally, SH treatment may promote lysosome biogenesis through activating transcription factor EB (TFEB). The in vivo study found that SH effectively suppressed glioblastoma growth without exhibiting significant toxicity. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action of SH in cancer cells via the induction of autophagy through ROS generation and autophagy-lysosome pathway activation; these findings also supply a new potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
Feasibility of Serial 6-min Walk Tests in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Collins Sean , Thorn Michael , Nowak Richard , Levy Phillip , Fermann Gregory , Hiestand Brian , Cowart Tillman , Venuti Robert , Hiatt William , Foo ShiYin , Pang Peter
Published: September 2017

Background: Functional status assessment is common in many cardiovascular diseases but it has undergone limited study in the setting of acute heart failure (AHF). Accordingly, we performed a pilot study of the feasibility of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) at the emergency department (ED) presentation and through the hospitalization in patients with AHF. Methods and Results: From November 2014 to February 2015, we conducted a multicenter, observational study of ED patients, aged 18–85 years, whose primary ED admission diagnosis was AHF. Other criteria for enrollment included a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, systolic blood pressure between 90 and 170 mmHg, and verbal confirmation that the patient was able to walk >30 m at the baseline, prior to ED presentation. Study teams were uniformly trained to administer a 6MWT. Patients underwent a baseline 6MWT within 24 h of ED presentation (Day 1) and follow-up 6MWTs at 24 (Day 2), 48 (Day 3), and 120 h (Day 5). A total of 46 patients (65.2% male, 73.9% African American) had a day one mean walk distance of 137.3 ± 78 m, day 2 of 170.9 ± 100 m, and day 3 of 180.8 ± 98 m. The 6MWT demonstrated good reproducibility, as the distance walked on the first 6MWT on Day 3 was similar to the distance on the repeated 6MWT the same day. Conclusions: Our pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of the 6MWT as a functional status endpoint in AHF patients. A larger study in a more demographically diverse cohort of patients is necessary to confirm its utility and association with 30-day heart failure (HF) events.
Mechanical Characterization of Composite Coatings Formed by Reactive Detonation Spraying of Titanium
Authors: Panin Sergey , Vlasov Ilya , Dudina Dina , Ulianitsky Vladimir , Stankevich Roman , Batraev Igor , Berto Filippo
Published: September 2017

The structure and mechanical properties of the coatings formed by reactive detonation spraying of titanium in a wide range of spraying conditions were studied. The variable deposition parameters were the nature of the carrier gas, the spraying distance, the O2/C2H2 ratio, and the volume of the explosive mixture. The phase composition of the coatings and the influence of the spraying parameters on the mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. In addition, nanohardness of the individual phases contained in the coatings was evaluated. It was found that the composition of the strengthening phases in the coatings depends on the O2/C2H2 ratio and the nature of the carrier gas. Detonation spraying conditions ensuring the formation of composite coatings with a set of improved mechanical properties are discussed. The strength of the coatings was determined through the microhardness measurements and local characterization of the phases via nanoindentation. Three-point bending tests were employed in order to evaluate the crack resistance of the coatings. The strengthening mechanisms of the coatings by oxide or carbonitride phases were discussed.
A Combined Experimental-Numerical Approach for Investigating Texture Evolution of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Hu Li , Jiang Shuyong , Zhang Yanqiu
Published: September 2017

Texture evolution of NiTi shape memory alloy was investigated during uniaxial compression deformation at 673 K (400 °C) by combining crystal plasticity finite element method with electron back-scattered diffraction experiment and transmission electron microscope experiment. Transmission electron microscope observation indicates that dislocation slip rather than deformation twinning plays a dominant role in plastic deformation of B2 austenite NiTi shape memory alloy at 673 K (400 °C). Electron back-scattered diffraction experiment illustrates heterogeneous microstructure evolution resulting from dislocation slip in NiTi shape memory alloy at 673 K (400 °C). {110}<100>, {010}<100> and {110}<111> slip systems are introduced into a crystal plasticity constitutive model. Based on the constructed representative volume element model and the extracted crystallographic orientations, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify crystal plasticity parameters from experimental results of NiTi shape memory alloy. Using the fitted material parameters, a crystal plasticity finite element method is used to predict texture evolution of NiTi shape memory alloy during uniaxial compression deformation. The simulation results agree well with the experimental ones. With the progression of plastic deformation, a crystallographic plane of NiTi shape memory alloy gradually rotates to be vertical to the loading direction, which lays the foundation for forming the <111> fiber texture.
Significantly Enhancing the Ignition/Compression/Damping Response of Monolithic Magnesium by Addition of Sm2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kujur Milli Suchita , Mallick Ashis , Manakari Vyasaraj , Parande Gururaj , Tun Khin Sandar , Gupta Manoj
Published: September 2017

The present study reports the development of Mg–Sm2O3 nanocomposites as light-weight materials for weight critical applications targeted to reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in the transportation sector. Mg-0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol % Sm2O3 nanocomposites are synthesized using a powder metallurgy method incorporating hybrid microwave sintering and hot extrusion. The microstructural studies showed dispersed Sm2O3 nanoparticles (NPs), refinement of grain size due to the presence of Sm2O3 NPs, and presence of limited porosity. Microhardness and dimensional stability of pure Mg increased with the progressive addition of Sm2O3 NPs. The addition of 1.5 vol % of Sm2O3 NPs to the Mg matrix enhanced the ignition temperature by ~69 °C. The ability of pure Mg to absorb vibration also progressively enhanced with the addition of Sm2O3 NPs. The room temperature compressive strengths (CYS and UCS) of Mg–Sm2O3 nanocomposites were found to be higher without having any adverse effect on ductility, leading to a significant increase in energy absorbed prior to compressive failure. Further, microstructural characteristics are correlated with the enhancement of various properties exhibited by nanocomposites.
Statistical Methodologies for the Optimization of Lipase and Biosurfactant by Ochrobactrum intermedium Strain MZV101 in an Identical Medium for Detergent Applications
Authors: Ebrahimipour Gholamhossein , Sadeghi Hossein , Zarinviarsagh Mina
Published: September 2017

The Plackett–Burman design and the Box–Behnken design, statistical methodologies, were employed for the optimization lipase and biosurfactant production by Ochrobactrum intermedium strain MZV101 in an identical broth medium for detergent applications. Environmental factor pH determined to be most mutual significant variables on production. A high concentration of molasses at high temperature and pH has a negative effect on lipase and biosurfactant production by O. intermedium strain MZV101. The chosen mathematical method of medium optimization was sufficient for improving the industrial production of lipase and biosurfactant by bacteria, which were respectively increased 3.46- and 1.89-fold. The duration of maximum production became 24 h shorter, so it was fast and cost-saving. In conclusion, lipase and biosurfactant production by O. intermedium strain MZV101 in an identical culture medium at pH 10.5–11 and 50–60 °C, with 1 g/L of molasses, seemed to be economical, fast, and effective for the enhancement of yield percentage for use in detergent applications.
Development, Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Solid Dispersions of α,β Amyrin Isolated from Protium Oilresin
Authors: Da Silva Júnior Walter , Pinheiro Jonas , De Menezes Danielle , E Silva Natan , De Almeida Patrícia , Lima Emerson , Da Veiga Júnior Valdir , De Azevedo Eduardo , De Lima Ádley
Published: September 2017

α,β Amyrin (ABAM) is a natural mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes that has shown a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory effect. ABAM is isolated from Burseraceae oilresins, especially from the Protium species, which is commonly found in the Brazilian Amazon. This work aimed to develop solid dispersions (SD) of ABAM with the following hydrophilic polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30), polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). The SDs were prepared by physical mixture (PM), kneading (KND) and rotary evaporation (RE) methods. In order to verify any interaction between ABAM and the hydrophilic polymers, physicochemical characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Furthermore, an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay was performed with ABAM alone and as SDs with the hydrophilic polymers. The results from the characterization analysis show that the SDs were able to induce changes in the physicochemical properties of ABAM, which suggests interaction with the polymer matrix. In vitro anti-inflammatory assay showed that the SDs improved the anti-inflammatory activity of ABAM and showed no cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this study showed the potential use of SDs as an efficient tool for improving the stability and anti-inflammatory activity of ABAM without cytotoxicity.
Development of a Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Combined with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS for Determination of Phenolics and Terpenoids from the Euphorbia fischeriana
Authors: Li Wenjing , Lin Yu , Wang Yuchun , Hong Bo
Published: September 2017

A method based on a simplified extraction by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) determination is validated for analysis of two phenolics and three terpenoids in Euphorbia fischeriana. The optimized experimental parameters of MSPD including dispersing sorbent (silica gel), ratio of sample to dispersing sorbent (1:2), elution solvent (water–ethanol: 30–70) and volume of the elution solvent (10 mL) were examined and set down. The highest extraction yields of chromatogram information and the five compounds were obtained under the optimized conditions. A total of 25 constituents have been identified and five components have been quantified from Euphorbia fischeriana. A linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.9964) between the concentrations and the peak areas of the mixed standard substances were revealed. The average recovery was between 92.4% and 103.2% with RSD values less than 3.45% (n = 5). The extraction yields of two phenolics and three terpenoids obtained by the MSPD were higher than those of traditional reflux and sonication extraction with reduced requirement on sample, solvent and time. In addition, the optimized method will be applied for analyzing terpenoids in other Chinese herbal medicine samples.
Arenobufagin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells via the Noxa-Related Pathway
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhu Yindi , Fang Sheng , Long Hongyan , Liu Xiang , Liu Zi
Published: September 2017

Arenobufagin, an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Chan Su, exhibits anticancer influences in several human malignancies. However, the effects and action mechanisms of arenobufagin on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. In this study, we reported that arenobufagin acted through activation of Noxa-related pathways and promoted apoptotic cell death in human NSCLC cells. Our results revealed that arenobufagin-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent, as evidenced by the fact that caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were cleaved, and pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK inhibited the pro-apoptosis effect of arenobufagin. Mechanistically, we further found that arenobufagin rapidly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptosis protein Noxa, and abrogated the anti-apoptosis protein Mcl-1, a major binding partner of Noxa in the cell. More importantly, the knockdown of Noxa greatly blocked arenobufagin-induced cell death, highlighting the contribution of this protein in the anti-NSCLC effects of arenobufagin. Interestingly, arenobufagin also increased the expression of p53, a direct transcriptional activator for the upregulation of the Noxa protein. Taken together, our results suggest that arenobufagin is a potential anti-NSCLC agent that triggers apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells through interfering with the Noxa-related pathway.
“A Religious Recognition of Equality”: Liberal Spirituality and the Marriage Question in America, 1835–1850
Authors: Garvey Gregory
Published: September 2017

Studying texts by Lydia Maria Child, Sarah Grimke, and Margaret Fuller, this article seeks to recover the early phases of a dialogue that moved marriage away from an institution grounded in ideas of unification and toward a concept of marriage grounded in liberal ideas about equality. It seeks to situate the “marriage question” within both the rhetoric of American antebellum reform and of liberal religious thought. Rather than concluding that these early texts facilitated a movement toward a contractarian ideal of marriage this article concludes that Child, Grimke, and Fuller, sought to discredit unification as an organizing idea for marriage and replace it with a definition that placed a spiritual commitment to equality between the partners as the animating core of the idea of marriage.
Dieter Schnebel: Spiritual Music Today
Authors: Anderson Christopher
Published: September 2017

This article presents an annotated English translation of the composer-theologian Dieter Schnebel’s seminal essay exploring music’s spiritual capacities. Speaking explicitly from his time and place, Schnebel considers compositional questions arising from the most advanced new music of European modernism. The approach is driven by insights derived from Marxist critical theory and the “new theology” associated with Bonhoeffer, Bultmann, and others. Acknowledging the secularized, religionless society Bonhoeffer had predicted in 1944, Schnebel argues that an authentic geistliche Musik has always been one driven by a secularizing dynamic, pressing beyond the walls of the church to engage a broken world of injustice and suffering. For him, the experimental avant-garde is fertile ground, since a music of the Spirit is a new, non-conformist music engaged in renewal. A translator’s introduction analyzes briefly the major components of Schnebel’s thought.
The Design and Development of an Omni-Directional Mobile Robot Oriented to an Intelligent Manufacturing System
Authors: Qian Jun , Zi Bin , Wang Daoming , Ma Yangang , Zhang Dan
Published: September 2017

In order to transport materials flexibly and smoothly in a tight plant environment, an omni-directional mobile robot based on four Mecanum wheels was designed. The mechanical system of the mobile robot is made up of three separable layers so as to simplify its combination and reorganization. Each modularized wheel was installed on a vertical suspension mechanism, which ensures the moving stability and keeps the distances of four wheels invariable. The control system consists of two-level controllers that implement motion control and multi-sensor data processing, respectively. In order to make the mobile robot navigate in an unknown semi-structured indoor environment, the data from a Kinect visual sensor and four wheel encoders were fused to localize the mobile robot using an extended Kalman filter with specific processing. Finally, the mobile robot was integrated in an intelligent manufacturing system for material conveying. Experimental results show that the omni-directional mobile robot can move stably and autonomously in an indoor environment and in industrial fields.
Models of Automation Surprise: Results of a Field Survey in Aviation
Authors: De Boer Robert , Dekker Sidney
Published: September 2017

Automation surprises in aviation continue to be a significant safety concern and the community’s search for effective strategies to mitigate them are ongoing. The literature has offered two fundamentally divergent directions, based on different ideas about the nature of cognition and collaboration with automation. In this paper, we report the results of a field study that empirically compared and contrasted two models of automation surprises: a normative individual-cognition model and a sensemaking model based on distributed cognition. Our data prove a good fit for the sense-making model. This finding is relevant for aviation safety, since our understanding of the cognitive processes that govern human interaction with automation drive what we need to do to reduce the frequency of automation-induced events.
Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase-Hemolysin Toxins
Authors: Guiso Nicole
Published: September 2017

Adenylate cyclase-hemolysin toxin is secreted and produced by three classical species of the genus Bordetella: Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. This toxin has several properties such as: (i) adenylate cyclase activity, enhanced after interaction with the eukaryotic protein, calmodulin; (ii) a pore-forming activity; (iii) an invasive activity. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these Bordetella species responsible for whooping cough in humans or persistent respiratory infections in mammals, by modulating host immune responses. In contrast with other Bordetella toxins or adhesins, lack of (or very low polymorphism) is observed in the structural gene encoding this toxin, supporting its importance as well as a potential role as a vaccine antigen against whooping cough. In this article, an overview of the investigations undertaken on this toxin is presented.
Scientific Production about the Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Oliveira Regina Célia De , Moraes Danielle Chianca De Andrade , Santos Cleytiane Stephany Silva , Monteiro Gicely Regina Sobral Da Silva , Cabral Juliana Da Rocha , Beltrão Roberta Andrade , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra Da
Published: September 2017

Objective: To identify the elite of authors about the subject adherence to antiretroviral therapy; to identify the journals turned to publishing articles about adherence to antiretroviral therapy; and to identify and analyze the most commonly used words in abstracts of articles about adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Method: A bibliometric study conducted through the Scopus base. We used articles published between 1996 and 2014, after application of the eligibility criteria, there were composed the sample with 24 articles. The data were analyzed descriptively. Were used the laws of bibliometric (Lotka, Bradford and Zipf) and the conceptual cloud map of words, through the program Cmap tools.

Results: Lotka's Law identified the 5 authors more productive (46% of the total published). Bradford is impaired in this study. Concerning Zipf, 3 zones were determined, 31.47% of the words with in the first zone, 26.46% in the second and 42.06% in the third. In the conceptual map, the words/factors that positively and negatively influence adherence were emphasized, among them the need for more research in the health services.

Conclusion: There are few publications about the accession to antiretroviral therapy, and the scientific production is in the process of maturation. One can infer that the theme researched is not yet an obsolete topic. It should be noted that the Bibliometric was a relevant statistic tool to generate information about the publications about the antiretroviral therapy.

Descriptors: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Medication Adherence; Bibliometric; HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
A Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies at 5.5 < z < 6.8: Program Overview and a Sample of the Brightest Lyα Emitters
Authors: Jiang Linhua , Shen Yue , Bian Fuyan , Zheng Zhen-Ya , Wu Jin , Oyarzún Grecco A. , Blanc Guillermo A. , Fan Xiaohui , Ho Luis C. , Infante Leopoldo , Wang Ran , Wu Xue-Bing , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Olszewski Edward W. , Shectman Stephen , Thompson Ian , Walker Matthew G.
Published: September 2017

We present a spectroscopic survey of high-redshift, luminous galaxies over four square degrees on the sky, aiming to build a large and homogeneous sample of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at

z
≈
5.7

and 6.5, and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at

5.5
<
z
<
6.8

. The fields that we choose to observe are well studied, such as by the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Survey and COSMOS. They have deep optical imaging data in a series of broad and narrow bands, allowing for the efficient selection of galaxy candidates. Spectroscopic observations are being carried out using the multi-object spectrograph M2FS on the Magellan Clay telescope. M2FS is efficient enough to identify high-redshift galaxies, owing to its 256 optical fibers deployed over a circular field of view

30
′

in diameter. We have observed ∼2.5 square degrees. When the program is completed, we expect to identify more than 400 bright LAEs at

z
≈
5.7

and 6.5, and a substantial number of LBGs at

z
≥
6

. This unique sample will be used to study a variety of galaxy properties and to search for large protoclusters. Furthermore, the statistical properties of these galaxies will be used to probe cosmic reionization. We describe the motivation, program design, target selection, and M2FS observations. We also outline our science goals, and present a sample of the brightest LAEs at

z
≈
5.7

and 6.5. This sample contains 32 LAEs with Lyα luminosities higher than 1043 erg s−1. A few of them reach ≥3 × 1043 erg s−1, comparable to the two most luminous LAEs known at

z
≥
6

, “CR7” and “COLA1.” These LAEs provide ideal targets to study extreme galaxies in the distant universe.