bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Liquid Properties on the Characteristics of Impact-Generated High-Speed Liquid Jets
Authors: Matthujak Anirut , Kasamnimitporn Chaidet , Sittiwong Wuttichai , Pianthong Kulachate
Published: October 2011

This paper describes the study of high-speed liquid jets injected in air from an orifice. The main focus is to study the effect of different liquid properties on the characteristics of the high-speed liquid jets injected in ambient air. The high-speed liquid jets are generated by the impact of a projectile, which known as impact acceleration method, launched in a horizontal single-stage power gun (HSSPG). The conical nozzle of 30° angle with the orifice diameter of 0.7 mm was used to generate the jets. The characteristics of high-speed jets were visualized by the high-speed digital video camera with shadowgraph optical arrangement. From the shadowgraph images, the jet formation, atomization, vaporization and shock waves were obviously observed. The maximum averaged velocity of water, alcohol, n-hexane, chloroform and glycerin jets is estimated to be 1,669.03 m/s, 1,548.59 m/s, 1,420.44 m/s, 1,204.46 m/s and 1,496.97 m/s, respectively. That effect on the maximum penetration distance of the water jet is longer than that of all jets. Surface tension and latent heat are the significant physical property for jet formation, while density, kinematics viscosity and heat capacity are not.
Prediction for Constitutive Relationship of Metallic Rubber with Various Parameters by BP Neural Net
Authors: Li Yu Yan , Huang Xie Qing , Li Fu Lin
Published: October 2011

Constitutive relationship of metallic rubber was nonlinear. Considering the constitutive relationship’s complication and BP neural net’s good ability to dispose of nonlinearity, it was necessary that constitutive relationship of metallic rubber on basis of BP neural net was studied. In this paper, coefficients of constitutive relationship for metallic rubber were studied and trained by BP neural net for the two conditions, in which shape factor is only various, density and shape factor are both various, and then coefficients of constitutive relationship were obtained. Coefficients from net prediction were compared with coefficients from experimental data fitted, and they had better consistence. It was proved that prediction for constitutive relationship of metallic rubber by BP neural net was reasonable for the two conditions, in which shape factor is only various, density and shape factor are both various.
Designing a Multi Echelon Flexible Logistics Network Using Co-Evolutionary Immune-Particle Swarm Optimization with Penetrated Hyper-Mutation (COIPSO-PHM)
Authors: Hiremath N. C. , Sahu Sadanand , Tiwari Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2011

The strategic design and operation of outbound logistics network in an automotive manufacturing supply chain is directly related with the competitive strategy adopted by the firm. We discuss here an outbound logistics network model with four echelons and flexible delivery modes by incorporating cross-dock facility in the network. The paper aims to achieve a minimum total logistics cost for flexible delivery modes adopted in the network. The mathematical model is formulated as a mixed integer programming model and solved by using a hybrid algorithm named co-evolutionary immune-particle swarm optimization with penetrated hyper-mutation (COIPSO-PHM). The proposed model is combinatorial in nature owing to varying problem instances. The proposed solution methodology is tested on a sample data set mimicking the real life situation and the results are found to be satisfactory.
Property Comparison of CuInSi Films Prepared by Multilayer Synthesized and Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Xie Jian Sheng , Li Jin Hua , Luan Ping
Published: October 2011

Using magnetron sputtering technology, the CuInSi nanocomposite thin films were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering method and multilayer synthesized method respectively,and followed by annealing in N2 atmosphere at different temperatures. The structure of CuInSi nanocomposite films were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD); X-ray diffraction studies of the annealed films indicate the presence of CuInSi, the peak of main crystal phase is at about 2θ=42.308°,meanwhile,there are In2O3 peak and other peaks in the XRD patterns of films. The morphology of the film surface was studied by SEM. The SEM images show that the crystalline of the film prepared by multilayer synthesized method was granulated, But the crystalline of the film prepared by magnetron co-sputtering with needle shape. The grain size is a few hundred angstroms. The band gap has been estimated from the optical absorption studies and found to be about 1.40 eV for the sample by magnetron co-sputtering, and 1.45eV for the sample by multilayer synthesized, but all changes with the purity of CuInSi.
Self-Assembly of Nano-Sized Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes on Different Substrates as Observed by AFM
Authors: Huang Shi Bin , Guo Xu Hong , Li Li , Xu Hong Ru , Dong Ya Ming
Published: October 2011

Nano-sized spherical poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes (SPB) were prepared on the surface of colloidal polystyrene (PS) particles by photo-emulsion polymerization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to observe the assembly of SPB on substrates of silicon, gold and mica with various surface properties and to determine the morphological information including particle size, shape and core-shell structure of SPB. We found that the surface polarity, electrostatic interactions between SPB and substrate surface and among SPB and capillary forces during sample drying affect the SPB assembly on substrate surface and their morphology.
The Analysis of Ag Nanospheres and Arrays LSPR Phenomena Based on DDA and FDTD Method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Cheng , Zhou Wei , Yue Zhao , Liu Guo Hua
Published: October 2011

The Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method are used to analyze silver nanospheres with different radius and the coupling of nanospheres array complementarily. DDA method is used for simulating the extinction spectra of single silver nanosphere and nanospheres array; and the coupling of two nanospheres and their surrounding electric field distribution are simulated by FDTD method. Through these results, we got some important conclusions of nanoparticles’ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon.
Construction of Advanced Equipment Manufacturing Base with International Competitiveness
Authors: Rong Hong Qing , Yang Ying
Published: October 2011

To speed up the construction of Liaoning to make it advanced equipment manufacturing base with international l competitiveness is the inevitable demand of reviving the old industrial base. It is also urgent needs and important practice to carry out the scientific outlook on development and adhere to the new industrial road with Chinese characteristics.
Advanced Cost-Efficient Production Scheduling in Hi-Tech Manufacturing Industry at Test Operation
Authors: Sillapa-Archa Tanaporn , Thaninthanadech Phiphlu , Smitasiri Darin
Published: October 2011

Rapid change in customer demand and aggressive business competition in high technology industry has driven the need for greater performance with lower price product under short product life cycle. This stimulates semiconductor manufacturing companies to pay much more attention to their cost control and production built strategy. Bad performance in shop-floor planning results in huge inventory, poor equipment efficiency, and therefore it would jeopardize the company sustainability. Consequently, the main objectives of an effective production planning intelligence are to maximize company benefits, meet customer expectation and improve production efficiency. This paper presents an algorithm of production loading plan that balances cost, meet customer delivery request and optimize production efficiency by considering all important constrained factors in manufacturing environment, namely test cost per hour, throughput rate, machine capacity and utilization, hardware set up matrix and limitation, the number of change-over and customer delivery date. The analysis is done by comparing the performance outcome with the common scheduling rules. The result of this new planning logic solution is proved to increase the effectiveness of the production scheduling plan based on available resources on hand and complex of constraint. It also decreases human interfere causing error in planning procedure.
Developing Capability–Based Virtual Cellular Manufacturing Systems and Comparison with Capability–Based Classical Cellular Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Hamedi Maryam , Esmaeilian Gholamreza , Ismail Napsiah Bt.
Published: October 2011

This paper is an attempt to develop capability-based Virtual Cellular Manufacturing (VCM) systems and comparing the performance of such systems with classical Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) in the point of travelling distances by parts. In this paper, VCM systems are formed through solving a multi-objective mathematical model with the goal programming approach focused on the part-machine virtual cell formation problem, which groups parts and machines simultaneously to generate virtual cells. These cells are designed by considering machines capabilities with the aid of Resource Element (RE) approach to define processing requirements of parts and processing capabilities of machines and to take into account the overlapping capabilities among machines and optional machines to process parts.
The Study of Lean Layout in an Automotive Parts Manufacturer
Authors: Salleh M. Mat , Zain M.Z.M.
Published: October 2011

The term “Lean” was the Japanese model and had been associated with the practice of interpreting the value added activities from those that are wasted (“muda” in Japanese) in an organization and its supply chain [1]. Apart from that, lean was also known as the focus on reducing the non value added (NVA) waste which impedes the flow of the product as it is being transformed in the value chain [2]. Lean manufacturing also means producing only to direct customer orders, creating the need for less on-hand inventory [3]. Lean layout is one of the lean manufacturing tools which have been applied in this automotive parts manufacturer. This tool encourages good visibility and management of the manufacturing system [2]. The U-shape design is incorporated in this case study in order to improve the efficiency of production. In this research, the current production layout is studied and the improvements are conducted by using U-shaped layout which replaced the traditional layout (straight line layout). The results are shown through the figures of the new layout design in the production line.
A Hybrid GA-SA Algorithm for Multi-Objective Sequencing Problem in High-Product Mix Shop-Floor
Authors: Norozi A. , Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar , Ismail N. , Mustapha F.
Published: October 2011

As globalization has increased in the past few years, many companies attempts to made appropriate strategic decision to meet with this challenge. The problem under study mainly focuses on minimizing overall make-span but additional objectives such as balancing the assembly line and minimizing the variation of completion time are also considered. Due to the complexity of problem solving procedure by mathematical techniques, this paper presents a new approach of hybrid GA-SA implementation in order to meet the problem objectives. A proposed hybrid GA-SA is executed to overcome the problem complexity and meet the problem objectives. In order to check the efficiency of hybrid search techniques, a comparison is done between the results obtained by hybrid GA-SA and simple GA and the results comparison validates the effectiveness of presented hybrid search techniques.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Mechanic Product Design Schemes Based on Layered Ordinal Relation Analysis
Authors: Lian Guo Fu , Bai Xiu Shan , Shen Yuan , Liu Dong Cai , Zhu Chang An
Published: October 2011

In order to deal with the difficulty and complicated process of choosing the best product design scheme from several available ones, with the view of satisfying the demands of the users, a multi-criteria decision-making approach is put forward, which is based on layered ordinal relation analysis and aimed to choose the optimal mechanical product design scheme. The basic ideas and detailed procedure are listed out. On this basis, the feasibility of the method is testified with the evaluation and decision-making of the forging machine main frame design schemes as an example. Such a method makes it convenient to analyze the design schemes of large complicated mechanical products; compared with the analytic hierarchy process, it avoids the limitation of the number of elements and reduces the amount of calculation.
Transient Thermal Behavior of Hot–Mix Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Khadrawi A. F. , Al-Shyyab Ahmad , Abo-Qudais Saad A.
Published: October 2011

A heat transfer model was developed to predict a transient thermal behavior of asphalt concrete during service life at different weather conditions. The developed model has the capability to predict the distribution of temperature field with respect to time within the Hot-Mix asphalt body based on surrounding environmental conditions. This will greatly help pavement engineers to select the suitable asphalt grade to achieve the best pavement performance and avoid pavement distresses might be caused due to extreme pavement temperatures. These distresses include fatigue cracks, rutting, and thermal cracking. The resulted model required data on asphalt mixture, incident radiation, surface, and ambient temperatures in addition to thermal properties of Hot-Mix asphalt including absorptivity, heat transfer coefficient, and the emissivity. A sensitivity analyses wasperformed to study the impact of a number of thermalenvironmental and pavement geometric parameters on predicted temperature responses. The results of analysis indicated that the incident radiation, absorptivity, and the heat transfer coefficient have the most significant effect on Hot-Mix asphalt temperature. Also, the emissivity has insignificant effect on surface temperature Hot-Mix asphalt.
Finite Element Analysis of Cantilever Beam for Optimal Placement of Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Khalatkar Abhay M. , Haldkar Rakesh H. , Gupta V.K.
Published: October 2011

There is increasing demand for developing smart structures in various electronic and electromechanical systems during past two decades. The modeling analyzing and manufacturing of these small-scale components remained always a challenging job. Finite element capability available in commercial software package ANSYS makes it convenient to perform modeling and analyzing of these smart structures. In this study a 3-D finite element analysis for cantilever plate structure excited by patches of piezoelectric actuator is presented. To investigate the influence of actuator location and configuration of piezoelectric actuators attached to the plate structure in order to identify the optimal configuration of the actuators for selective excitation of the mode shapes of the cantilever plate structure. The finite element modeling based on ANSYS package using modal analysis and harmonic analysis is used in this study for cantilever plate structure excited by patch type of piezoelectric actuators of PZT-5A at different locations of same geometrical parameters on the cantilever beam. The results clearly indicate optimal locations and configuration of the piezoelectric actuator patches for achieving the excitation of plate modes. Consequently, the results indicate that effective active damping of structural vibration of the cantilever plate can be achieved by proper positioning of the piezoelectric actuator patches.
Parameter Optimization of a Snake Robot Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Kalani Hadi , Akbarzadeh Alireza
Published: October 2011

In this paper, performance of a 16 link snake robot in serpentine locomotion is investigated. Key kinematics and dynamics parameters are identified. The aim of this paper is to minimize average power consumption per unit distance traveled. Dynamic and kinematics equations of snake robot are used to perform simulation and obtain results. Key kinematics parameters are identified. Taguchi method is utilized and orthogonal array table is constructed. ANOVA technique is used to analyze the statistical significance of kinematic and dynamic parameters. Taguchi method is used to determine optimum parameter settings effecting performance of snake robot. Finally, the snake robot is modeled in WEBOTS software and forward motion is obtained.
The Optimization Design of Hospital Bed Structure for Independently Separating Left and or Right Leg Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Ariyarit Atthaphon , Kittipichai Rung
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with the new method to design the optimum design for hospital bed, which can separate the left and or right leg for patient‘s leg splint. GAs as an optimization method was selected to search the minimum mass of bed structure whilst fulfilling some structure constraints such as stress, displacement and buckling. The GAs and FE code were developed to analyze the structure in MATLAB. This paper showed the success in searching the minimum mass whilst the stress and displacement were accepted. The optimum design for the hospital bed was 49.25 kg.
Effect of EGR on the Exhaust Gas Temperature and Exhaust Opacity in Compression Ignition Engines Using Jatropha Oil as Fuel
Authors: Pandhare Amar P. , Zende K. C. , Joglekar A. S. , Bhave S. C. , Padalkar A. S.
Published: October 2011

Diesel engines are widely used as power sources for medium and heavy-duty applications because of their lower fuel consumption and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) compared with gasoline engines. Efficient use of natural resources is one of the fundamental requirements for any country to become self-sustainable. Both in organized and unorganized sectors internal combustion engine has become an indispensable prime mover. With the increasing demand on the use of fossil fuels, a stronger threat to clean environment is being posed as the burning of fossil fuels is associated with emissions like CO2, CO, SOx, NOx and particulate matter, which are currently the dominant global source of emissions. In diesel engines, NOx formation is a highly temperature-dependent phenomenon. Therefore, in order to reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust, it is necessary to keep peak combustion temperatures under control. Exhaust gas recirculation is the most important technique for reducing NOx emissions. Re-circulating part of the exhaust gas helps in reducing NOx, but appreciable particulate emissions are observed at high loads, hence there is a trade-off between NOx and smoke emission. To get maximum benefit from this trade-off, a particulate trap may be used to reduce the amount of unburnt particulates in EGR, which in turn reduce the particulate emission also. An experimental investigation was conducted to observe the effect of exhaust gas re-circulation on the exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust opacity. The experimental setup for the proposed experiments was developed on a single-cylinder, direct injection, air-cooled, compression ignition engine. A matrix of experiments was conducted for observing the effect of different quantities of EGR on exhaust gas temperatures and opacity.
Lateral-Directional Aerodynamics of a Canard Guided Spin Stabilized Projectile at Supersonic Velocity
Authors: Ji Xiu Ling , Wang Hai Peng , Zeng Shi Ming , Jia Chen Yang
Published: October 2011

A computational study performed for a canard guided spin stabilized projectile using finite volume TVD schemes is described in this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and analysis of the spinning projectile with fixed canard are conducted to determine the lateral-directional aerodynamic coefficients at three supersonic speeds and various angles of attack. The analyses provide a detailed understanding of the effects of canard with different circumferential position on lateral-directional aerodynamic coefficients, and the results show that side force coefficient and yaw moment coefficient vary periodically with the circumferential position angles of canard.
Accurate Numerical Prediction of Incompressible Fluid Flow in Lid-Driven Cavities
Authors: Fudhail Abdul Munir , Zin Mohd Rody Mohamad , Azwadi Nor C. Sidik , Salim Mohd Azli
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we report an efficient numerical method to predict fluid flow behavior in a square and deep lid-driven cavities. The conventional continuity and momentum equations are transformed into stream-function and vorticity formulation to reduce the number of unknown spatial quantities. Numerical experiments were performed with different values of aspect ratio and Reynolds number to investigate the effect of these dimensionless parameters on the fluid flow behavior in the cavity. In the current study, we found that the dynamics and the structure of primary vortex are significantly affected by the Reynolds number and the aspect ratio of the cavity.
Measurement of Single Event Upsets in the ALICE-TPC Front-End Electronics
Authors: Mager M. , Musa L. , Rehman A. , Szczepankiewicz A.
Published: October 2011

The Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE ex- periment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider features highly integrated on-detector read-out electronics. It is following the general trend of high energy physics experiments by placing the front-end electronics as close to the detector as possible—only some 10 cm away from its active volume. Being located close to the beams and the interaction region, the electronics is subject to a moderate radiation load, which allowed us to use commercial off-the-shelf components. However, they needed to be selected and qualified carefully for radiation hardness and means had to be taken to protect their functionality against soft errors, i. e. single event upsets. Here we report on the first measurements of LHC induced radiation effects on ALICE front-end electronics and on how they attest to expectations.
Pervading Cold Testing of Engines in the Automobile Zone
Authors: Khurana Ankit
Published: October 2011

Although the quality of a completed engine ready for shipping is traditionally assured by adopting the firing run at the final process of the engine assembly line, we have still not readily accepted the testing of engines in cold state i.e. without actual combustion & continue to neglect all its long term benefits in view of the immediate shortcomings which not only enhances the inspection speed, fault detection but also poses zilch threat to the environment around us. It increases the effectiveness of the “In-Process Quality Control” of an Engine production line.
Effect of Steam Injection in Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber on the Performance of a Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Generation Unit
Authors: Alaefour Ibrahim , Reddy Bale V.
Published: October 2011

Combined cycle power generation plants are becoming popular to generate power at higher efficiencies with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In the present work the effect of steam injection in the gas turbine combustion chamber on the performance of a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is investigated. For a particular combined cycle power generation configuration, the effect of steam injection on the performance is conducted based on first law of thermodynamics. The steam injection influences the work output and efficiencies of gas turbine, steam turbine and combined cycle power generation unit.
Induction Heating of an Aluminum Billet: A Numerical Study of the Thermal Behavior
Authors: Ray U. , Sarkar A. , Sen S. , Roychowdhury B. , Barman N.
Published: October 2011

In the present work, the heat transfer behavior during induction heating of a cylindrical aluminum billet is performed numerically. The heating process is represented by the energy conservation equation where the heat generation during heating is added as a volumetric source term. The evolution of latent heat during melting is also added as a volumetric source term. The continuity and the momentum conservation equations are considered to represent the flow field after melting starts. These governing equations are solved based on the control volume method. The enthalpy update scheme is used for evolution of melt-fraction during heating. The work predicts the evolution of temperature during heating, the distributions of temperature and melt-fraction in the domain. Subsequently, a parametric study is also performed.
Large Deflection of Various Functionally Graded Beam Using Shooting Method
Authors: Soleimani Ali
Published: October 2011

The equation of large deflection of functionally graded beam subjected to arbitrary loading condition is derived. In this work assumed that the elastic modulus varies by exponential and power function in longitudinal direction. The nonlinear derived equation has not exact solution so shooting method has been proposed to solve the nonlinear equation of large deflection. Results are validated with finite element solutions. The method will be useful toward the design of compliant mechanisms driven by smart actuators. Finally the effect of different elastic modulus functions and loading conditions are investigated and discussed.
A Stable Adaptive Control Method in Networked Control System
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cheng Peng , Yin Teng Fei
Published: October 2011

In this paper it has made study on long time-delay network control system which is greater than one sampling period, it has made modeling on sensor node time drive, controller node and actuator node event-driven system The special question has been considered which was brought more than one sampling period delay, the fuzzy control logic has been applied in MATLAB to design an adaptive Fuzzy controller, when the network time delay changes the controller parameters can be adjusted dynamically, to make dynamic compensation on network time delay, and through simulation experiments to verify the algorithm effectiveness.
Korean Products and Appeal Design
Authors: Wang Ling , Xue Yan
Published: October 2011

Korean products can continue to dominate the market, this paper describes the style and characteristics of South Korean goods, analyses the main reason why Korean products can be so fashionable throughout the world by going through Korean products’ design from three aspects, harmonization design, reasonable man-machine, and humanization design , at the same time, it points out the secret of South Korea's design’s leading position from its cultural connotation and scientific and technological content.
A Quantitative Approach to Assessing Product Design for Remanufacturing
Authors: Li Juan , Liang Gong Qian
Published: October 2011

The primal purpose of this paper is twofold: to ascertain the facts for product design for remanufacturing and to quantitative assess the product design method. This first requires an analysis of product design that facilitates remanufacture. Insights on how to design products for ease of remanufacture were obtained from lots of details of the whole remanufacture process. Furthermore, comparing design for remanufacturing to classic design-for-x indicated that they have some similarities and conflicts. And a further assessment model and method based on the remanufacturing process were put forward, which comprehensive quantitative assess product design for remanufacturing. Finally, we conclude that it is important that the design requirements explicitly address remanufacturing process, and the evaluation model have enough potential to justify products design for remanufacturing.
Coulomb and Exchange Interaction Effect on Magnetic Properties of MnO
Authors: Thassana Chewa , Techitdheera Wicharn
Published: October 2011

This calculation focus on the effect of Coulomb interaction U and exchange interaction J on spin magnetic moment Ms of MnO by using the local spin density approximation plus the Coulomb interaction (LSDA+U) method within full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO). Our calculated results indicated that the spin magnetic moments correlated to U and J. The relevant results exhibited the increasing spin magnetic moments with increasing Coulomb interaction and exchange interaction. Furthermore, equation of spin magnetic moments, which good correspondence to the experimental data, were obtained and the relation of U and J parameter was defined.
Machine Fault Diagnosis Using MLPs and RBF Neural Networks
Authors: Payganeh Gholam Hassan , Khajavi Mehrdad Nouri , Ebrahimpour Reza , Babaei Ebrahim
Published: October 2011

- Fault detection and elimination in industrial machineries can help prevent loss of life and financial assets. In this study four common faults in rotating machineries namely: 1) Mass Unbalance 2) Angular Misalignment 3) Bearing Faults and 4) Mechanical Looseness have been considered. Each of these defects has been created separately on a test rig comprising of an electrical motor coupled to a rotor assembly. A Vibrotest 60 vibration spectrum analyzer has been used to collect velocity spectrum of the vibration on the bearings. Eleven characteristic features have been chosen to distinguish different faults. Based on the acquired data an Artificial Neural Network Multi Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF) Neural Network has been designed to recognize each one of the aforementioned defects. After training the Neural Network, it was checked by new data gathered by new experiments and the results showed that the designed network can predict the faults with more than 75% reliability, and it can be a good assistance to an ordinary machine operator to guess the problem and hence make a good decision.
Design and Simulation of MEMS Based Tuning Fork Micro-Gyroscope
Authors: Khankhua Suthin , Ashraf Muhammad Waseem , Afzulpurkar Nitin , Tayyaba Shahzadi , Punyasai Chumnarn
Published: October 2011

In this paper, design, analysis and simulation of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based inertial sensor type of tuning fork micro gyroscope have been presented. CoventorWare has been used for design and simulation. The proposed design has improved the performances and structure for small vibration amplitude to minimize the mechanical crosstalk. Simulation results show that the capacitance in sense mode, which is detected by variable-gap capacitors, is equal to 2.68 pF in each side of sense mode. Oscillations in drive and sense electrodes with 1-DOF and proof mass with 2-DOF ensure that the proposed model has no common mode that causes mechanical crosstalk.
Statistical Mechanical Approach to Image Processing Technology Bayes-Optimal Solution to Inverse Halftoning via Super-Resolution
Authors: Saika Yohei
Published: October 2011

We apply statistical mechanics of the Q-Ising model to a typical problem in information processing technology which is called as inverse halftoning. Here, we reconstruct an original image by making use of multiple dithered images so as to maximize the posterior marginal probability. Then, in order to clarify the validity of the present method, we estimate upper bound of the performance using the Monte Carlo simulation both for a 256-level standard image and a set of gray-level images generated by an assumed true prior. The simulation for the gray-level images finds that the lower bound of the root mean square becomes smaller with the increase in the number of dithered images and that image reconstruction is perfectly carried out, if Q kinds of dithered images are utilized, where Q is the number of the gray-levels. These properties are qualitatively confirmed by the analytical estimate using the infinite-range model. Further, we find that the performance for a 256-level image is improved by utilizing prior information on gray-level images, even if we use a small number of dithered images.
Estimate Permeability from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements Using Improved Artificial Neural Network Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wei Guo Qi , Guo He Kun
Published: October 2011

Knowledge of the permeability distribution is critical to a successful reservoir model. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements can be used for permeability prediction because the T2 relaxation time is proportional to pore size. Due to the conventional estimators have difficult and complex problems in simulating the relationship between permeability and NMR measurements, an intelligent technique using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm to estimate permeability from NMR measurements is developed. Neural network is used as a nonlinear regression method to develop transformation between the permeability and NMR measurements. Genetic algorithm is used for selecting the best parameters and initial value for the neural network, which solved two major problems of the network: local minima and parameter selection depend on experience. Information gain principle is introduced to select the neural network's input parameters automatically from data. The technique is demonstrated with an application to the well data in Northeast China. The results show that the refined technique make more accurate and reliable reservoir permeability estimation compared with conventional methods. This intelligent technique can be utilized a powerful tool for estimate permeability from NMR logs in oil and gas industry.
Design of a Mechatronic Drive Train with Regenerative Braking
Authors: Ragavan S. Veera , Kumar Jeya Mithra , Ponnambalam S.G.
Published: October 2011

Building a research framework for a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid (PHH) Prototype with Hydraulic Regenerative Braking and Launch Assist (HRB/HLA) System for small and medium sized vehicles has been attempted. The objective of this work is to capture lost Kinetic Energy during braking and store that captured energy in a pressurized accumulator to be used again to assist accleration. The experimental implementation and validation of the Regenerative Braking System concept for light vehicles has been done using a go-kart powered by a single cylinder Honda engine to demonstrate energy savings in a real life braking scenario. A light weight test system accommodating all the Hydraulic Breaking System components mounted at the rear of the go-kart has been successfully built and tested.
Curvilinear Bipedal Walk Learning in Nao Humanoid Robot Using a CPG Based Policy Gradient Method
Authors: Shahbazi Hamed , Jamshidi Kamal , Monadjemi Amir Hasan
Published: October 2011

In this paper we will introduce a new learning approach for curvilinear bipedal walking of Nao humanoid robot using policy gradient method. A policy of walking is modeled by some policy parameters controlling some factors in programmable central pattern generators. A “Programmable” central pattern generator is made with coupled nonlinear oscillators capable to shape their state equations with some training trajectories. The proposed model has many benefits including smooth walking patterns, and modulation during walking to increase or decrease its speed. A suitable curvilinear walk was achieved, which is very similar to human ordinary walking. This model can be extended and used in Nao soccer player both in standard platform and 3D soccer simulation leagues of Robocup competitions to train different types of motions.
Postprocessor and Optimization of Rotations for Six-Axis Machining with Sequencing Technique
Authors: Mudcharoen Ahmarn , Makhanov Stanislav S.
Published: October 2011

Five-axes machines with three translational and two rotation axes are becoming increasingly popular in serving the needs of the mass production industry due to their ability to handle geometrically complex workpieces using the rotational axes. The rotation axes lead to an inevitable non-linearity of the tool tip trajectory and the so-called kinematics errors appearing due to the specific kinematics of the machine. An interesting question is whether it is possible to compensate this error by introducing an additional rotation axis. We present an extension of an optimization algorithm developed earlier by the authors for five-axis machining based on an optimal angle sequencing (the shortest path optimization). The extension is a combination of the shortest path strategy and the use of the additional axis. The method to calculate post processor for the six-axes machine is included.
A New Method to Improve the Voltage Distribution and Electric Field Control for Conceder Bushing
Authors: Hassani Mahdi , Madahi Seyed Siavash Karimi , Farahani Hassan Feshki , Sarabadani Hossein
Published: October 2011

Capacitor bushings are one of the key components in power transformers. Although their price is a negligible part of the total price of the power transformer, their quality has a significant effect on performance and reliability of power transformers. In high voltage capacitor bushings, the intensity of voltage and electric field on bushing abacus is very high. This high intensity is also observed in flange parts. The amount of multi layer insulator among the electrodes or floating plates in capacitor bushing make equi-potential surfaces and reduction of electric field in these areas can greatly improve the capacitor bushing performance. In this paper, we investigate the reduction of field intensity and electrical tension and also improvement in voltage control by displacing floating plates which are in the form of aluminum foils stick to impregnated paper. To calculate the field intensity, we used the MAXWELL software using FEM (Finite element method). Using this new method of placing capacitor core its effect on voltage profile reduction and field electrical tension is shown. Over voltage and pollution effects are also investigate on power transformer bushings.
Trajectory Optimization for Hypersonic Vehicle Satisfying Maneuvering Penetration
Authors: Zhang Ke Nan , Chen Wan Chun
Published: October 2011

A trajectory optimization method for hypersonic vehicle in glide phase satisfying maneuvering penetration is proposed. Divide the dangerous zones that the hypersonic vehicle may encounter during glide phase into avoidable no-fly zones and avoidless no-fly zones. Take the avoidable no-fly zones as path constraints to join the trajectory optimization. To penetrate the avoidless no-fly zones, trajectory is programmed by some maneuvering policy. Direct shooting method is used to discretize the control variable to piecewise constant functions. So the optimal control problem is transferred to a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem, and solved by the serial quadratic program (SQP) method.
Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies of Mixed Cu-La-Ce Nanocomplexes Prepared by Coprecipitation Approach
Authors: Hung Chang Mao
Published: October 2011

This work describes the mixed Cu-La-Ce nanocomplexes materials were synthesized by coprecipitation approach with aqueous solutions of copper nitrate, lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate. The nanocomplexes materials were characterized by TEM, with a particle size around nanoscale particle sizes (~50 nm) with high dispersion phenomena. Further, cell cytotoxicity and the percentage cell survival was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5 (3-carboxymethoxyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay on human fetal lung tissue cell (MRC-5). The experimental results show that the Cu-La-Ce nanocomplexes materials only minor cause cytotoxicity effect in cultured human cells.
Study of Different Nozzle Configurations for Supersonic COIL System
Authors: Singhal Gaurav , Mainuddin Mainuddin , Tyagi R.K.
Published: October 2011

Supersonic chemical oxygen iodine laser (SCOIL) hasrecently proved itscapabilities against projectile targets such as missiles and rockets in the tests performed with ABL system. It is primarily a chemical based gas laser system involving extensive gas dynamics for achieving lasing action. COIL (l= 1.315 mm) is conducive for both defenseand industrial applications and the beam is optical fibre compatible. One of the chief components of a SCOIL device is the supersonic nozzle system which not only produces the desired cavity conditions in terms of Mach number and cavity pressure but is also responsible for efficient mixing of lasing [I2 + N2] and pumping media [O2 (1Dg) + N2]. The supersonic nozzle to a large extent controls the pressure recovery potential of the laser system and thereby the system volume. The present study discusses the performance of three nozzle configurations viz, slit, advanced/ ejector and winglet nozzle. The comparisons have been made in terms.
PLC Based POKE-YOKE System for Output Shaft Assembly
Authors: Ghadge K.R. , Mone P.P.
Published: October 2011

It is not possible to eliminate all the mistakes people make. People are not mistake proofed by their nature. But organization can avoid these mistakes from reaching the customer, which is known as a defect in this case. Mistakes can be stopped as soon as they happen at least. Poka Yoke is very simple concept in nature. The basic concept of this is avoiding the problems by correcting the process. Poka-yoke is a quality assurance technique developed by Japanese manufacturing engineer Shigeo Shingo. The aim of poka-yoke is to eliminate defects in a product by preventing or correcting mistakes as early as possible. Poka-yoke has been used most frequently in manufacturing environments. Japanese industrial engineer Shigeo Shingo developed Poka Yoke [1](to avoid (yokeru) [2] inadvertent errors (poka) ) along with "source inspection" as a means for achieving Zero Quality Control (ZQC). Shingo introduced these ideas in his book Zero Quality Control: Source Inspection and the Poka-yoke System. Poka - Yoke systems reduce the cost of failure dramatically. No defective part will be passed to the next process. So at the end of the process you can trust that you have a good quality parts on your hand. Poka yoke is one of the critical steps in the lean journey. This project implements Poka-Yoke system for Gear assembly. Project system can recognize that the worker has to pick gear as per defined sequence. Even it can recognize the position of the gear when all process is done successfully then signal send to Press to inject gear assembly in engine.
A Study on Nanocutting of Monocrystalline Silicon by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhu Zhi Wei , Liu Mei Chen , Zhou Xiao Qin
Published: October 2011

Three dimensional molecular dynamics simulation on the nanocutting of monocrystalline silicon is carried out to investigate the material deformation behaviors and atomic motion characteristics of the machined workpiece. A deformation criterion is developed to determine the material deformation and phase transformation behavior in the subsurface layer based on the single-atom potential energy variations. The results show that the machined chips suffer a complex phase transformation and eventually present an amorphous structure caused by the plastic deformation behavior. A polycrystalline structure is obtained on the machined surface. Both plastic and elastic deformation simultaneously takes place on the machined surface, and elastic deformation takes place under the machined surface. In order to further unveil the mechanism of nanocutting process, the displacements of all atoms are also simulated. The simulation results shows that different atomic motions occur in different regions in the workpiece, and the chips formations occur via extrusion.
Collector Resistance of Accumulation-Subcollector Transistors for SOI SiGe BiCMOS Technology
Authors: Xu Xiao Bo , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong , Qin Shan Shan , Qu Jiang Tao
Published: October 2011

An analytical expression for collector resistance of a novel vertical SiGe partially-depleted accumulation-subcollector HBT on thin SOI is obtained. Supported by simulation result, the resistance decreases quickly with the increase of substrate-collector bias and improves the transit frequency dramatically. The model is found to be significant in the design and simulation of 0.13 μm millimeter wave SiGe SOI BiCMOS technology.
The Impact of Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering Effect on Threshold Voltage for Small-Scaled Strained Si/SiGe nMOSFET
Authors: Qu Jiang Tao , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong , Xu Xiao Bo , Wang Guan Yu , Wang Xiao Yan
Published: October 2011

The impact of Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering effect (DIBL) on the shift of threshold voltage is prominent as the feature size of MOS device continue reducing. In this paper, a threshold voltage model for small-scaled strained Si nMOSFET is proposed to illustrate the impact of DIBL effect on the threshold voltage, which is based on the distribution of the charge in depletion layer when strong inversion occurred. By simulation, the influence of DIBL to variation threshold voltage with its design physical and geometric parameters can be predicted, such as gate length, drain bias, Ge content, oxide thickness, source/drain junction depth, and doping concentration. This model is significant for the design of high performance strained Si nMOSFET to restrain the DIBL effect.
Study of a Novel Electrostatic Detection Sensor
Authors: Li Yan Xu , Xu Li Xin
Published: October 2011

In order to obtain the aerial target’s electrostatic information, a novel electrostatic detection sensor is proposed. With the help of simulating method, the characteristics curve which contains the target’s position and orientation is acquired. Then the electrostatic detection sensor is tested with the help of experiment, results indicate performance of the electrostatic detection sensor is related to target’s some parameters, sensor’s layout and sensitivity of relevant circuit. It provides the basis for further practicality.
Synthesis of Carbon Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Niu Kai Yang , Sun Jing , Du Xi Wen
Published: October 2011

Carbon encapsulated nickel nanoparticles (CENNPs) with high purity were fabricated by laser ablation of nickel target in ethanol. The size of CENNPs varies from tens to hundreds of nanometers, and CENNPs show two kinds of typical morphologies i. e. a nickel core with a carbon shell or a nickel core with two carbon shells. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the CENNPs formed as a result of laser evaporation of the nickel target and the decomposition of ethanol, whose carbon atoms mixed with the nickel vapor, and Ni/C liquid droplets appeared during the cooling stage. The carbon shells formed by precipitation of carbon atoms on the surface of the nickel cores led to the formation of CENNPs.
Electronic Transport Properties of SiC Nanotube with Antisite Defect
Authors: Song Jiu Xu , Liu Hong Xia
Published: October 2011

The electronic transport properties of an (8, 0) SiC nanotube (SiCNT) with antisite defect are investigated with the method combined non-equilibrium Green’s function with density functional theory, in which the defect is formed with a carbon atom being substituted by a silicon atom. In transmission spectrum of the nanotube, a transmission valley about 1.68 eV near the Fermi energy is discovered, which indicates that the nanotube is a wide band-gap semiconductor. In its current-voltage characteristic, turn-on voltages of ±1.0 V are found under positive and negative bias. This originates from more orbital participating in its electronic transport properties caused by the bias. These results are meaningful to investigations on working mechanisms of SiCNT electronic devices.
Optical Properties of One-Dimensional Multi-Layered Structures Containing Plasma Materials
Authors: Guo Bin , Gao Ming Xiang , Peng Li , Cai Xin
Published: October 2011

The optical properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystal made of alternate thin layers of two materials namely micro plasma layer and dielectric material layer is studied theoretically. The dispersions both for ω < ωp and ω > ωp are deduced by transfer matrix method and the photonic band gap structure and the reflection spectra are computed. The results show that the band gap structure and reflection spectra are tuned correspondingly due to the dielectric constant of the microplasma layer modified differently in different frequency ranges. Parameter dependence of the effects is calculated and discussed.