bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow endothelial dysfunction promotes myeloid cell expansion in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rohde David , Vandoorne Katrien , Lee I-Hsiu , Grune Jana , Zhang Shuang , McAlpine Cameron S. , Schloss Maximilian J. , Nayar Ribhu , Courties Gabriel , Frodermann Vanessa , Wojtkiewicz Gregory , Honold Lisa , Chen Qi , Schmidt Stephen , Iwamoto Yoshiko , Sun Yuan , Cremer Sebastian , Hoyer Friedrich F. , Iborra-Egea Oriol , Muñoz-Guijosa Christian , Ji Fei , Zhou Bin , Adams Ralf H. , Wythe Joshua D. , Hidalgo Juan , Watanabe Hideto , Jung Yookyung , van der Laan Anja M. , Piek Jan J. , Kfoury Youmna , Désogère Pauline A. , Vinegoni Claudio , Dutta Partha , Sadreyev Ruslan I. , Caravan Peter , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Libby Peter , Scadden David T. , Lin Charles P. , Naxerova Kamila , Swirski Filip K. , Nahrendorf Matthias
Published: December 2021

Abnormal hematopoiesis advances cardiovascular disease by generating excess inflammatory leukocytes that attack the arteries and the heart. The bone marrow niche regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and hence the systemic leukocyte pool, but whether cardiovascular disease affects the hematopoietic organ’s microvasculature is unknown. Here we show that hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI) instigate endothelial dysfunction, leakage, vascular fibrosis and angiogenesis in the bone marrow, altogether leading to overproduction of inflammatory myeloid cells and systemic leukocytosis. Limiting angiogenesis with endothelial deletion of Vegfr2 (encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2) curbed emergency hematopoiesis after MI. We noted that bone marrow endothelial cells assumed inflammatory transcriptional phenotypes in all examined stages of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial deletion of Il6 or Vcan (encoding versican), genes shown to be highly expressed in mice with atherosclerosis or MI, reduced hematopoiesis and systemic myeloid cell numbers in these conditions. Our findings establish that cardiovascular disease remodels the vascular bone marrow niche, stimulating hematopoiesis and production of inflammatory leukocytes.
Theoretical insight into density and stability differences of RDX, HMX and CL-20
Authors: Song Siwei , Tian Xiaolan , Wang Yi , Qi Xiujuan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: December 2021

In this work, density and stability differences of RDX, HMX and CL-20 are exploited and addressed through static calculations from views of monomolecular parameters, intermolecular interactions (by the proposed BEC method) and crystal packing.
Growth of bismuth- and antimony-based chalcohalide single crystals by the physical vapor transport method
Authors: Bai Ruichen , Xiao Bao , Li Fangpei , Liu Xin , Xi Shouzhi , Zhu Menghua , Jie Wanqi , Zhang Bin-Bin , Xu Yadong
Published: December 2021

Three typical AVBVICVII single crystals with a one-dimensional crystal structure are grown by the physical vapor transport method.
Superconductivity and topologically nontrivial states in noncentrosymmetric XVSe2 (X = Pb, Sn): a first-principles study
Authors: Song Jiexi , Qin Yanqing , Wang Yaocen , Cao Chongde
Published: December 2021

Two new noncentrosymmetric superconductors SnVSe2 and PbVSe2 with topological nontrivial states are predicted via a systematic first-principles study.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of organic molecules and in situ monitoring of organic reactions by ion-induced silver nanoparticle clusters
Authors: Li Xiaoyue , Wang Xiaotong , Liu Jiaxin , Dai Miaomiao , Zhang Qianjun , Li Yang , Huang Jian-An
Published: December 2021

In this work, we approach the problems by introducing calcium ions to aggregate silver nanoparticles to form stable hot spots and acetone to promote uniform distribution of organic molecules on the nanoparticle surface.
A mechanistic study of syngas conversion to light olefins over OXZEO bifunctional catalysts: insights into the initial carbon–carbon bond formation on the oxide
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Liu Zhengmao , Li Na , Jiao Feng , Chen Yuxiang , Zhao Zhenchao , Guo Meiling , Liu Xuebin , Han Xiuwen , Pan Xiulian , Gong Xueqing , Hou Guangjin , Bao Xinhe
Published: December 2021

NMR experiments reveal a mechanism of syngas conversion in which CO reacts with OCH3 on the oxide surface, generating ketene intermediates, which can either form acetate or diffuse into zeolite.
Machine learning enhanced spectroscopic analysis: towards autonomous chemical mixture characterization for rapid process optimization
Authors: Angulo Andrea , Yang Lankun , Aydil Eray S. , Modestino Miguel A.
Published: December 2021

A supervised machine learning algorithm is developed to determine the concentrations of chemical species in multicomponent solutions from their Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra.
Atmospheric effects of air pollution during dry and wet periods in São Paulo
Authors: Ibarra-Espinosa Sergio , Mendes da Silva Gyrlene Aparecida , Rehbein Amanda , Vara-Vela Angel , Dias de Freitas Edmilson
Published: December 2021

Air pollutants reach high concentrations in developing countries, such as Brazil.
A zeolite crystallisation model confirmed by in situ observation
Authors: Pellens Nick , Doppelhammer Nikolaus , Asselman Karel , Thijs Barbara , Jakoby Bernhard , Reichel Erwin K. , Taulelle Francis , Martens Johan , Breynaert Eric , Kirschhock C. E. A.
Published: December 2021

Zeolite crystallisation was followed in situ using moving electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Zeolite nucleation and growth could be modeled by a two-step mechanism.
The novel anti-inflammatory activity of mcIRBP from Momordica charantia is associated with the improvement of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liao Pei-Yung , Lo Hsin-Yi , Liu I-Chen , Lo Lun-Chien , Hsiang Chien-Yun , Ho Tin-Yun
Published: December 2021

Diabetic nephropathy is an inflammatory immune disorder accompanying diabetes.
Catalytic processes for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol: a review
Authors: Shi Dichao , Heyte Svetlana , Capron Mickaël , Paul Sébastien
Published: December 2021

The present review aims to discuss strategies that have been recently explored by researchers to improve the yield of DMC in its direct synthesis from CO2 and methanol.
High resolution plutonium-239/240 mixture alpha spectroscopy using centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector sensor technology
Authors: Harabagiu Catalin , Boyle Nathan , Archambault Brian , DiPrete David , Taleyarkhan Rusi
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a novel and rapid, wet chemistry technique for spectroscopically detecting trace (∼10−3 Bq mL−1) level alpha emitting radionuclides mixtures with under 10 keV alpha energy resolution – with 100% gamma–beta rejection.
Utilization of ionic liquids for preferential separation of thorium during the determination of trace metallic constituents in thorium matrix using ICP-OES
Authors: Pathak Sunita , Jayabun Sk. , Sengupta Arijit
Published: December 2021

To avoid spectral interference it is required to separate Th preferentially during the determination of trace metallic constituents from Th matrix using ICP-OES.
Fused triphenylamine moiety based fluorescence emitters for deep blue OLEDs with high luminance and low turn-on voltages
Authors: Wu Lijie , Xu Jinhao , Zhang Zewei , Xue Wangjuan , Wang Tao , Yan Chaoyi , He Junpeng , He Yaowu , Yan Hao , Meng Hong
Published: December 2021

The design of blue emitters is still desired for high performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Impact of nanosizing a host matrix based on a metal–organic framework on solid-state fluorescence emission and energy transfer
Authors: Sakamoto Hikaru , Ito Akitaka , Ohtani Masataka
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that the nanosize effect of a host matrix appears to affect the emission properties of guest dye molecules encapsulated in the pores of a metal–organic framework as a host (dye@MOF).
Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology
Authors: Allioux Francois-Marie , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Xie Wanjie , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Daeneke Torben , Dickey Michael D. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh
Published: December 2021

This review presents the fascinating properties and emerging applications of liquid metals and alloys at the nanoscale.
Fully π-conjugated, diyne-linked covalent organic frameworks formed via alkyne–alkyne cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Yao Zhengjie , Zhang Zhenwei , Li Jiali , Jia Ji , Ma Si , Zhi Yongfeng , Xia Hong , Liu Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

A diyne-linked COF was synthesized by palladium catalyzed alkyne–alkyne coupling for the first time, and it exhibited excellent heterogeneous photocatalytic performances in metal-free borylation of arylamines.
Synthesis of acridinonesviapalladium-catalyzed reductive annulation of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes and resorcinols
Authors: Xie Rong , Mao Wenhui , Jia Huanhuan , Lu Guangpeng , Sun Jialu , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhao He , Zhang Min
Published: December 2021

Through a palladium-catalyzed reductive annulation reaction of resorcinols and 2-nitrobenzaldehydes, reported is a new synthesis of acridinones with the features of operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, and readily available feedstocks.
Post-spin crossing dynamics determine the regioselectivity in open-shell singlet biradical recombination
Authors: Zhu Min , Zheng Chao
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive computational studies reveal unique dynamic effects in a multi-spin-state reaction that determine the regioselectivity of a biradical recombination process.
Face-on oriented hydrophobic conjugated polymers as dopant-free hole-transport materials for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with a fill factor approaching 85%
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Shibayama Naoyuki , Jiang Haiying , Zhang Zilong , Meng Lingyi , Zhang Lianjie , Wang Can , Zhao Nan , Yu Yaming , Ito Seigo , Wu Jihuai , Chen Junwu , Gao Peng
Published: December 2021

Siloxane-terminated polymers with low surface energy were studied as dopant-free HTMs in PSCs. The siloxane-terminated side-chains assisted the dissolution, tuning mobility, passivating perovskite defects and enhancing hydrophobicity of the polymer.
Mechanistic diversity in MHC class I antigen recognition
Authors: Barbosa Camila R. R. , Barton Justin , Shepherd Adrian J. , Mishto Michele
Published: December 2021

Throughout its evolution, the human immune system has developed a plethora of strategies to diversify the antigenic peptide sequences that can be targeted by the CD8+ T cell response against pathogens and aberrations of self. Here we provide a general overview of the mechanisms that lead to the diversity of antigens presented by MHC class I complexes and their recognition by CD8+ T cells, together with a more detailed analysis of recent progress in two important areas that are highly controversial: the prevalence and immunological relevance of unconventional antigen peptides; and cross-recognition of antigenic peptides by the T cell receptors of CD8+ T cells.
Norovirus–glycan interactions — how strong are they really?
Authors: Peters Thomas , Creutznacher Robert , Maass Thorben , Mallagaray Alvaro , Ogrissek Patrick , Taube Stefan , Thiede Lars , Uetrecht Charlotte
Published: December 2021

Infection with human noroviruses requires attachment to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) via the major capsid protein VP1 as a primary step. Several crystal structures of VP1 protruding domain dimers, so called P-dimers, complexed with different HBGAs have been solved to atomic resolution. Corresponding binding affinities have been determined for HBGAs and other glycans exploiting different biophysical techniques, with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy being most widely used. However, reported binding affinities are inconsistent. At the extreme, for the same system MS detects binding whereas NMR spectroscopy does not, suggesting a fundamental source of error. In this short essay, we will explain the reason for the observed differences and compile reliable and reproducible binding affinities. We will then highlight how a combination of MS techniques and NMR experiments affords unique insights into the process of HBGA binding by norovirus capsid proteins.
Strategies for Teachers to Support Children Who Stutter: Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Cozart Gabrielle , Wilson Laura
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study assessed how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) believe teachers can best support school-age children who stutter (CWS) in the classroom.

Method:

An online survey adapted from the Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering–Parent was given to 122 SLPs licensed in the State of Oklahoma. The median age of the participants was 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 16), and the average number of CWS the participants reported treating was 14 (IQR = 14). The participants rated the helpfulness of supports teachers can use as they interact with CWS (e.g., “Tell the child to slow down”). The participants rated 41 items on a 1–5 Likert scale, with 1 indicating
unhelpful
and 5 indicating
very helpful
, followed by a “not sure” category.

Results:

The three items rated most helpful were for teachers to collaborate with the child's SLP, to be patient when the child talks, and to know how to react when the child stutters. The three items rated least helpful were for teachers to be bothered by the child's stuttering, to laugh at the child because of the child's stuttering, and to use a fast rate of speech. The two items with the greatest response variability were for teachers to tell the child to think about what to say before speaking and to tell the child what to do when stuttering. The variability suggests inconsistency in the SLPs' beliefs about the helpfulness of those actions.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study contribute to the literature on supporting CWS and the development of educational materials for classroom teachers.
Aktuelles Management des Basalzellkarzinoms
Authors: Krieter Manuel , Schultz Erwin S.
Published: December 2021

Ziel der Studie Der aktuelle Standard von Diagnostik und Therapie des Basalzellkarzinoms soll dargestellt werden. Hieraus sollen sinnvolle Vorgehensweisen für das klinische Management abgeleitet werden.

Methodik Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in der Online-Datenbank PubMed. Die gesammelten Informationen wurden analysiert und bewertet. Aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde ein Gesamtkonzept erstellt.

Ergebnisse Das Basalzellkarzinom ist der häufigste Tumor des Menschen und die Inzidenz wird voraussichtlich künftig weiter zunehmen. Beim Management der Erkrankung wird eine eindimensionale Orientierung am klinischen bzw. histologischen Basalzellkarzinom-Subtyp der Heterogenität des Tumors nicht gerecht. Zunehmende Bedeutung gewinnt die primäre Durchführung einer Risikostratifizierung, die für die weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte maßgeblich ist. Goldstandard in der Behandlung bleibt weiterhin das operative Vorgehen, welches möglichst mittels mikrografisch kontrollierter Chirurgie erfolgen sollte. Daneben existieren weitere Therapieverfahren wie die Radiotherapie oder eine Reihe an topischen Therapieoptionen (photodynamische Therapie, Kryotherapie oder Applikation von 5-Fluoruracil bzw. Imiquimod), die in bestimmten Fällen zur Anwendung kommen können. Auch für fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Basalzellkarzinome stehen mit den Hedgehog-Inhibitoren wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung, für die inzwischen eine mehrjährige Anwendungserfahrung hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen vorliegt. Mit den PD-1-Inhibitoren steht eine weitere systemische Therapieoption in Aussicht, deren Nutzen aktuell noch in klinischen Studien überprüft wird.

Schlussfolgerung Das Basalzellkarzinom wird in den kommenden Jahren weiter an Relevanz in der täglichen dermatologischen Praxis gewinnen. Eine strukturierte Herangehensweise zur Einschätzung der vorliegenden Risikokategorie des Tumors und die anschließende Festlegung des optimalen Therapieregimes sind von zentraler Bedeutung. Fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Tumoren stellen keine aussichtslose Situation für den Patienten mehr dar. Durch adaptierte Dosierschemata kann ein nebenwirkungsbedingter Therapieabbruch unter langfristiger Hedgehog-Therapie vermieden werden. Das therapeutische Potenzial von PD-1-Inhibitoren könnte bald auch beim Basalzellkarzinom genutzt werden.
Serum NT-pro-BNP Levels Predict Cardiovascular Events in Acromegaly
Patients
Authors: Ragonese Marta , Di Bella Gianluca , Spagnolo Federica , Grasso Loredana , Alibrandi Angela , Giuffrida Guiseppe , Moleti Mariacarla , Ferraù Francesco , Cannavò Salvatore
Published: December 2021

Background Acromegaly is associated with an increased risk of fatal and
non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events. Controlling acromegaly decreases, but does
not normalize this risk. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) assessment is used in
the general population for the diagnosis of heart failure and to predict
ischemic recurrences and mortality. This is a retrospective, longitudinal,
monocenter study that evaluates the role of serum N-terminal fragment of BNP
(NT-pro-BNP) for predicting CV events in acromegaly patients.

Methods Serum NT-pro-BNP levels were measured in 76 patients with
acromegaly (23 males, 57.7±1.5 years), and compared with other
predictors of CV events. NT-pro-BNP cut-off value discriminating the occurrence
of CV events was determined by ROC analysis. CV events were recorded during a
follow-up of 78.6±6.4 months.

Results CV events occurred in 9.2% of patients. Mean
log(NT-pro-BNP) concentration was higher in patients who experienced CV events
than in those who did not (p<0.01) and in patients who died due to CV
events than in those who died due to other causes (p<0.01). Based on the
ROC curve, a cut-off value of 91.55 pg/mL could predict CV
events (OR 19.06). Log(NT-pro-BNP) was lower in surgically treated patients by
surgery (p<0.05), and in those cured by neurosurgery
(p<0.02).

Conclusions High NT-pro-BNP value is an independent middle-term predictor
of fatal or non-fatal CV events in patients with acromegaly. According to this
parameter, surgically treated patients show lower CV risk than those managed
with medical therapy, especially if the disease is cured.
A Vicious Circle of Clonal Haematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ehlert Carolin A. , Hilgendorf Ingo
Published: December 2021

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) represents a recently identified overlap between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CHIP develops as a result of certain acquired somatic mutations that predispose to leukaemia, but clinically even more prevalent, associate with increased risk for CVD and CVD-related death. Experimental studies suggest a causal role for CHIP aggravating inflammatory processes in CVD, and recent epidemiologic and genetic studies indicate that classical CVD risk factors may increase the risk of acquiring CHIP driver mutations, thus fuelling a vicious circle. The potential mechanism underlying the associative link between CHIP and CVD and mortality has been the focus of a few recent excellent experimental and observational studies which are summarized and discussed in this concise non-systematic review article. These data support a pathomechanistic view of a spiralling vicious circle in which CHIP aggravates the inflammatory immune response in CVD, and CVD-driven elevated haematopoietic activity promotes CHIP development.
Zertifizierung: „Patientensicherheit in der Dermatologie (DDA)“
Authors: Elsner Peter , Fritz Klaus
Published: December 2021

Behandlungsfehler oder „Patienten schadende Vorkommnisse, die eher auf der Behandlung als auf der Erkrankung selbst beruhen und die durch einen Fehler verursacht sind“, kommen auch im Fachgebiet der Dermatologie vor, wenn auch vermutlich seltener als in anderen, noch mehr operativ ausgerichteten Disziplinen. Patientensicherheit ist mehr als die bloße Abwesenheit von Behandlungsfehlern; sie beschreibt vielmehr ein aktives Bemühen um eine Beherrschung von jeder ärztlichen Behandlung inhärenten Risiken im Sinne einer „Sicherheitskultur“.

Das Bemühen um die Patientensicherheit ist eine Priorität der Gesundheitspolitik, aber insbesondere genuine ethische Aufgabe der Ärzteschaft und so auch der Dermatologen. In der reformierten studentischen Lehre des Medizinstudiums nach dem „Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin” nimmt die Patientensicherheit eine wichtige Stellung ein.

Die Deutsche Dermatologische Akademie (DDA) hat daher mit dem Zertifikat „Patientensicherheit in der Dermatologie (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot für diese auch in der Dermatologie in Klinik und Praxis zunehmend wichtiger werdenden Aspekte der Medizin geschaffen.

Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Patientensicherheit in der Dermatologie (DDA)“ werden in einem ganztägigen Modul (8 Stunden) vermittelt; auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungsveranstaltungen ist möglich.

Das Seminare sind interaktiv; bestimmend ist die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel (2 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden. Das Zertifikat steht sowohl Dermatologen als auch Medizinischen Fachangestellten und Pflegekräften offen.
Dispensation Patterns of Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Newly Diagnosed
Type 2 Diabetes: Routine Data Analysis of Insurance Claims in
Germany
Authors: Bongaerts Brenda , Kollhorst Bianca , Kuss Oliver , Pigeot Iris , Rathmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Aims To describe dispensation patterns of glucose-lowering drugs in newly
diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany.

Materials and methods Based on claims data from four statutory health
insurances (German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database,>25 million
insurants), all individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were
identified. Eligible patients had a first diagnosis for type 2 diabetes between
January 2012 and December 2016. We analyzed the dispensation patterns of
first-line glucose-lowering therapies initiated in the year after diabetes
diagnosis and patterns of second-line therapies dispensed one year after
first-line treatment.

Results A total of 356,647 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2
diabetes were included (average age [SD]: 63.5 [13.4] years; 49.3%
males). Of the 31.6% of individuals who were pharmacologically treated
in the year after diagnosis, metformin monotherapy was most frequently dispensed
(73.1%), followed by dual therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl
peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) (6.4%), and monotherapy with DPP-4is
(2.9%). From 2012 through 2016, sulfonylurea dispensations were reduced
by more than 50%. Dispensations for combination therapies with DPP-4is
increased up to 10.6%. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and
sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors contributed to 2% of all
treatments. After a median of 5 months, 20.0% of individuals on
pharmacological therapy initiated second-line glucose-lowering treatment.

Conclusions Data from German statutory health insurances (2012 to 2016)
showed that most individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were dispensed
metformin monotherapy in line with diabetes care guidelines. A substantial
decrease in the use of sulfonylureas was observed after the introduction of
DPP-4i and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
A Review of Coagulation Abnormalities of Autoimmune Acquired Factor V Deficiency with a Focus on Japan
Authors: Ichinose Akitada , Osaki Tsukasa , Souri Masayoshi
Published: December 2021

Coagulation factor V (or FV for the purpose of medical safety) is an essential cofactor of coagulation factor X in the common pathway of coagulation; severe FV deficiency leads to a bleeding tendency. Although both congenital and acquired FV deficiencies are widely recognized, FV deficiency also presents as an autoimmune disorder. A nationwide survey on autoimmune coagulation factor deficiencies (AiCFDs) conducted in Japan by our Japanese Collaborative Research Group identified 24 new patients with autoimmune FV deficiency (AiFVD) in the past 5 years. Furthermore, our extensive literature search confirmed that 177 AiFVD cases have been reported in previous articles published from Japan. Patients with AiFVD in Japan were predominantly men, with age similar to those with other AiCFDs. AiFVD was confirmed as a relatively mild type of bleeding diathesis, associated with lower mortality rate than that for AiFVD and other AiCFDs reported in previous studies. Patients with AiFVD had variable FV inhibitor titers and both neutralizing anti-FV autoantibodies and nonneutralizing counterparts. Although spontaneous resolution occurs in some patients, timely initiation of hemostatic and immunosuppressive therapies helps arrest the bleeding and eliminate anti-FV antibodies, resulting in a high cumulative recovery rate. Immunological anti-FV antibody detection is recommended to avoid missing AiFVD cases for the presence of nonneutralizing anti-FV autoantibodies. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the long-term prognosis and optimal management of AiFVD.
The Impact of a Pediatric Continuity Care Intensivist Program on Patient and Parent Outcomes: An Unblinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Walter Jennifer K. , Madrigal Vanessa , Shah Parth , Kubis Sherri , Himebauch Adam S. , Feudtner Chris
Published: December 2021

Objectives We studied the impact of a standardized continuity care intensivists (CCIs) program on patient and family outcomes for long-stay patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), also assessing the intervention's acceptability and feasibility.

Methods A patient-level, unblinded randomized-controlled trial in a PICU at a large children's hospital. Participants included: (1) patients with ≥ 7 days PICU admission and likely to stay another 7 days; (2) their parents; (3) PICU attendings participating as continuity attendings; and (4) PICU attendings providing usual care (UC). We examined a bundled intervention: (1) standardized continuity attending role, (2) communication training course for CCI, and (3) standardized timing of contact between CCI and patient/family.

Results Primary outcome was patient PICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes included patient, parental, and clinician outcomes. We enrolled 115 parent-patient dyads (231 subjects), 58 patients were randomized into treatment arm and 56 into the UC arm. Thirteen attendings volunteered to serve as CCI, 10 as UC. No association was found between the intervention and patient PICU length of stay (p = 0.5), other clinical factors, or parental outcomes. The intervention met a threshold for feasibility of enrollment, retention, and implementation while the majority of providers agreed the intervention was acceptable with more efficient decision making. Thirty percent CCIs felt the role took too much time, and 20% felt time was not worth the benefits.

Conclusion CCI intervention did not impact patient or family outcomes. PICU attendings believed that the implementation of the CCI program was feasible and acceptable with potential benefits for efficiency of decision making.
Radiographic Outcomes following K-Wire Augmentation of Dorsal Spanning Plate Fixation for Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: Shah Harsh A. , Martin Anthony R. , Geller Joseph S. , Iyer Hariharan , Dodds Seth D.
Published: December 2021

Background Restoration of articular surface alignment is critical in treating intra-articular distal radius fractures. Dorsal spanning plate fixation functions as an internal distraction mechanism and can be advantageous in the setting of highly comminuted fracture patterns, polytrauma patients, and patients with radiocarpal instability. The addition of K-wires to support articular surface reduction potentially augments fracture repair stability.

Questions/Purposes We examined the radiographic outcomes and maintenance of reduction in patients with comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures treated with K-wire fixation of articular fragments followed by dorsal spanning plate application.

Patients and Methods We reviewed 35 consecutive patients with complex intra-articular distal radius fractures treated with dorsal spanning plate and K-wire fixation between April 2016 and October 2019. AO classification was recorded: B1 (3), B3 (2), C2 (2), C3 (28). A two-tailed paired t-test was used to compare findings immediately post-dorsal spanning plate surgery and at final follow-up after dorsal spanning plate removal.

Results Mean patient age was 43.3 years (19–78 years). Mean follow-up was 7.8 months (SD 4.3 months) from surgery and 2.5 months from pin removal (SD 2.6 months). All patients achieved radiographic union. Radial height (mean interval change (MIC) 0.2 mm, SD 2.2, p = 0.63), articular step-off (MIC 0.1 mm, SD 0.6 mm, p = 0.88), and radial inclination (MIC −1.1 degrees, SD 3.7 degrees, p = 0.10) did not change from post-surgery to final follow-up. Ulnar variance (MIC −0.9 mm, SD 2.0 mm, p = 0.02) and volar tilt (MIC −1.5 degrees, SD 4.4 degrees, p = 0.05) were found to have decreased.

Conclusion Dorsal spanning plate augmented with K-wire fixation for comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures in polytrauma patients allows for immediate weightbearing and maintains articular surface alignment at radiographic union and may provide better articular restoration than treatment with dorsal spanning plate alone.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Hyperoxemia among Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Fayazi Azadeh R. , Sesia Matteo , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S.
Published: December 2021

Supratherapeutic oxygen levels consistently cause oxygen toxicity in the lungs and other organs. The prevalence and severity of hyperoxemia among pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients remain unknown. This was the first study to examine the prevalence and duration of hyperoxemia in PICU patients receiving oxygen therapy. This is a retrospective chart review. This was performed in a setting of 36-bed PICU in a quaternary-care children's hospital. All the patients were children aged <18 years, admitted to the PICU for ≥24 hours, receiving oxygen therapy for ≥12 hours who had at least one arterial blood gas during this time.

There was no intervention. Of 5,251 patients admitted to the PICU, 614 were included in the study. On average, these patients received oxygen therapy for 91% of their time in the PICU and remained hyperoxemic, as measured by pulse oximetry, for 65% of their time on oxygen therapy. Patients on oxygen therapy remained hyperoxemic for a median of 38 hours per patient and only 1.1% of patients did not experience any hyperoxemia. Most of the time (87.5%) patients received oxygen therapy through a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)-adjustable device. Mean FiO2 on noninvasive support was 0.56 and on invasive support was 0.37. Mean partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) on oxygen therapy was 108.7 torr and 3,037 (42.1%) of PaO2 measurements were >100 torr. Despite relatively low FiO2, PICU patients receiving oxygen therapy are commonly exposed to prolonged hyperoxemia, which may contribute to ongoing organ injury.
Bochdalek Hernia and Partial Diaphragmatic Agenesis: Pedicled Intercostal Muscle Flap and Mesh Repair in a Young Adult with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Dantis Klein , Rathore Devendra Kumar , Gupta Nilesh , Singha Subrata Kumar
Published: December 2021

Congenital Bochdalek hernia (BH) in an adult is rare and has an unusual presentation. They are confined to the pediatric age group with an incidence of 1:3,000 live births. It rarely persists asymptomatic until adulthood. Surgical repair by thoracic, abdominal, or thoraco-abdominal approach is the treatment of choice with diaphragmatic reconstruction in associated diaphragmatic agenesis. With only 10 cases of BH with partial diaphragmatic agenesis reported to date, we discuss the rarity, unusual presentation, and management of BH in a young adult with sickle cell disease that has not been reported in the literature.
Women’s distinct diabetes self-management behaviours demand gender-specific diabetes research: improving chronic disease management and addressing clinical governance issues
Authors: Oorschot Tracey , Adams Jon , Andrikopoulos Sofianos , Sibbritt David
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Management of diabetes mellitus continues to pose challenges for primary health-care professionals, with estimates of as many as 2 million Australians requiring ongoing care. Although most cases are men, women living with diabetes have presenting concerns and self-management characteristics distinct from men. A threat to women’s optimal diabetes management is being at greater risk of developing mental health conditions, especially for women with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. In addition, complementary medicine use is highly prevalent among women and is associated with significant direct and indirect risks, which raises clinical governance issues. To date, limited gender-specific diabetes research exists that has explored women’s diabetes self-management behaviours and risk profiles. We argue that this is essential to inform the design of targeted care approaches that address clinical governance issues and help health-care professionals to better support women living with diabetes.
Anticancer efficacy of monotherapy with antibodies to SIRPα/SIRPβ1 mediated by induction of antitumorigenic macrophages
Authors: Sakamoto Mariko , Murata Yoji , Tanaka Daisuke , Kakuchi Yuka , Okamoto Takeshi , Hazama Daisuke , Saito Yasuyuki , Kotani Takenori , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Miyasaka Masayuki , Fujisawa Masato , Matozaki Takashi
Published: December 2021

Significance

Tumor-infiltrating macrophages are involved in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Much recent attention has focused on the modification of macrophage functions in tumors as a basis for cancer treatments. SIRPα and SIRPβ1 are present in macrophages and function as a regulator for phagocytosis. We found that monotherapy with an anti-SIRPα/SIRPβ1 antibody (Ab) suppresses tumor formation by bladder and mammary cancer cells in mice. This effect is likely mediated by promoting the cytotoxic and phagocytic activity of macrophages against tumor cells. Notably, the antitumor effect of the Ab is largely dependent on its binding to SIRPβ1 on macrophages. Our findings reveal mechanisms of antitumor action of the anti-SIRPα/SIRPβ1 Ab and targeting of SIRPβ1 as a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Editorial: Military human performance optimization: Contemporary issues for sustained and improved readiness
Authors: Nindl Bradley C. , Kyröläinen Heikki
Published: December 2021

This issue of the European Journal of Sport Science includes 8 invited state‐of‐the‐science narrative reviews by well‐established researchers in the area of military performance focused on (a) physical training; (b) musculoskeletal injury; (c) adaptive bone formation and stress fracture prevention; (d) sex differences in responses to military stress; (e) load monitoring in military settings; (g) circulating biomarkers related to resilience during military stress; (H) military nutrition research; and (I) development of military exoskeletons. Important historical, current and future scientific and research information and guidance within the context of sustained and improved military physical performance and readiness are provided. Conclusions and recommendations for protecting Soldier health and resiliency include: (1) combined physical training emphasizing higher intensity but lower volume; (2) musculoskeletal injury risk factors most supported from the literature include: female sex, prior injury and low fitness; (3) adequate sleep, vitamin D, calcium, and energy availability are all critical for creating a resilient skeleton protecting against stress fractures; (4) differences between men and women when exposed to military stress include cardiovascular strain, fat oxidation, and psychological health risk; (5) biomarkers (cortisol, epi/norepi, ILs 4, 6, 10, 18 and TNF‐alpha, IGF‐I, testosterone, DHEA) offer insight for internal stress; (6) monitoring physiological training load should include consideration for multiple inputs, rather than a single measure; (7) nutrition optimization includes determining operational requirements, nutritional practices and nutrient delivery strategies; and (8) future generation exoskeletons will achieve a better balance of intended movement based on individual user and interactions with internal and external constraints.
Pauli Radius of the Proton
Authors: Cui Zhu-Fang , Binosi Daniele , Roberts Craig D. , Schmidt Sebastian M.
Published: December 2021

Using a procedure based on interpolation via continued fractions supplemented by statistical sampling, we analyze proton magnetic form factor data obtained via electron+proton scattering on Q
2 ∈ [0.027, 0.55] GeV2 with the goal of determining the proton magnetic radius. The approach avoids assumptions about the function form used for data interpolation and ensuing extrapolation onto Q
2 ≃ 0 for extraction of the form factor slope. In this way, we find r
M = 0.817(27) fm. Regarding the difference between proton electric and magnetic radii calculated in this way, extant data are seen to be compatible with the possibility that the slopes of the proton Dirac and Pauli form factors, F
1,2(Q
2), are not truly independent observables; to wit, the difference

F

′

1

(
0
)
−
F

′

2

(
0
)

/

κ

p

=
[
1
+

κ

p

]

/

[
4

m

p

2

]

, viz., the proton Foldy term.
Retrieval of Angle-Dependent Strong-Field Ionization by Using High Harmonics Generated from Aligned N2 Molecules
Authors: Guo Xiaoli , Jin Cheng , He Ziqiang , Zhao Song-Feng , Zhou Xiao-Xin , Cheng Ya
Published: December 2021

We propose a method to retrieve the angle-dependent strong-field ionization of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) from high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of aligned molecules. This method is based on the single-molecule quantitative rescattering model with known alignment distribution and photo-recombination cross sections of fixed-in-space molecules. With the macroscopic HHG of aligned N2 molecules, we show that angle-dependent ionization of HOMO can be successfully retrieved at both low and high degrees of alignment. We then show that the error in the retrieved angular dependence of ionization becomes larger if the uncertainty in the alignment distribution is introduced in the retrieval procedure. We also examine that the retrieved ionization of HOMO is much deviated from the accurate one if the intensity of probe laser becomes higher such that inner HOMO-1 can contribute to HHG.
Computing Classification of Interacting Fermionic Symmetry-Protected Topological Phases Using Topological Invariants*
Authors: Ouyang Yunqing , Wang Qing-Rui , Gu Zheng-Cheng , Qi Yang
Published: December 2021

In recent years, great success has been achieved on the classification of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases for interacting fermion systems by using generalized cohomology theory. However, the explicit calculation of generalized cohomology theory is extremely hard due to the difficulty of computing obstruction functions. Based on the physical picture of topological invariants and mathematical techniques in homotopy algebra, we develop an algorithm to resolve this hard problem. It is well known that cochains in the cohomology of the symmetry group, which are used to enumerate the SPT phases, can be expressed equivalently in different linear bases, known as the resolutions. By expressing the cochains in a reduced resolution containing much fewer basis than the choice commonly used in previous studies, the computational cost is drastically reduced. In particular, it reduces the computational cost for infinite discrete symmetry groups, like the wallpaper groups and space groups, from infinity to finity. As examples, we compute the classification of two-dimensional interacting fermionic SPT phases, for all 17 wallpaper symmetry groups.
Horndeski fermion–boson stars
Authors: Roque Armando A , Ureña-López L Arturo
Published: December 2021

We establish the existence of static and spherically symmetric fermion–boson stars, in a low energy effective model of (beyond) Horndeski theories. These stars are in equilibrium, and are composed by a mixing of scalar and fermionic matters that only interact gravitationally one with each other. Properties such as mass, radius, and compactness are studied, highlighting the existence of two families of configurations defined by the parameter c
4. These families have distinctive properties, although in certain limits both are reduced to their counterparts in general relativity (GR). Finally, by assuming the same conditions used in GR, we find the maximum compactness of these hybrid stars and determine that it remains below the so-called Buchdahl’s limit.
On black hole area quantization and echoes
Authors: Coates Andrew , Völkel Sebastian H , Kokkotas Kostas D
Published: December 2021

In this work we argue that black hole (BH) area quantization of Bekenstein and Mukhanov should not give rise to measurable effects in terms of so-called gravitational wave echoes during BH mergers. We outline that the quantum spectrum of a BH should be washed out during and after BH mergers, and hence one should not expect echoes in this scenario. The extreme broadening of the spectrum is due to the large particle emission rate during ringdown. Our results question key assumptions being made in recent literature on this topic.
An introduction to gravitational waves through electrodynamics: a quadrupole comparison
Authors: Dorsch Glauber Carvalho , Antunes Porto Lucas Emanuel
Published: December 2021

We present a pedagogical introduction to some key computations in gravitational waves via a side-by-side comparison with the quadrupole contribution of electromagnetic radiation. Subtleties involving gauge choices and projections over transverse modes in the tensorial theory are made clearer by direct analogy with the vectorial counterpart. The power emitted by the quadrupole moment in both theories is computed, and the similarities as well as the origins of eventual discrepancies are discussed. Finally, we analyze the stability of bound systems under radiation emission, and discuss how the strength of the interactions can be established this way. We use the results to impose an anthropic bound on Newton’s constant of order G ≲ 3 × 104
G
obs, which is on par with similar constraints from stellar formation.
Thermodynamic approach for the understanding of the kinetics of heat effects induced by structural relaxation of metallic glasses
Authors: Makarov A S , Afonin G V , Aronin A S , Kobelev N P , Khonik V A
Published: December 2021

We present a novel approach to the understanding of heat effects induced by structural relaxation of metallic glasses. The key idea consists in the application of a general thermodynamic equation for the entropy change due to the evolution of a non-equilibrium part of a complex system. This non-equilibrium part is considered as a defect subsystem of glass and its evolution is governed by local thermoactivated rearrangements with a Gibbs free energy barrier proportional to the high-frequency shear modulus. The only assumption on the nature of the defects is that they should provide a reduction of the shear modulus—a diaelastic effect. This approach allows to determine glass entropy change upon relaxation. On this basis, the kinetics of the heat effects controlled by defect-induced structural relaxation is calculated. A very good agreement between the calculation and specially performed calorimetric and shear modulus measurements on three metallic glasses is found.
Study of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of laminated composites of glass and jute fibres in epoxy for structural applications
Authors: Chandel Pankaj Singh , Tyagi Y K , Jha Kanishk , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Shubham , Singh Jujhar , Ilyas R A
Published: December 2021

Composites are being used in the place of metals in many industries as they have a lower density and are cheaper than metals. In aerospace industries there is requirement for light weight together with strength, and reinforced fibre composites are superior in some critical properties compared with metals. In this study, laminated composites were fabricated with woven E-glass and jute fibres in an epoxy matrix by a hand layup method. The samples were prepared as per the relevant the America Society for Testing ad Materials (ASTM) standard and tested for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness to investigate delamination resistance. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated by an end-notched flexure test using three-point bending. The fracture toughness G
IIC was calculated for a curing temperature range from 40 °C to 70 °C at intervals of 5 °C for different sets of laminated composites. The investigations revealed that when the curing temperature of laminated composites was increased from 40 °C to 70 °C, the interlaminar fracture toughness G
IIC was increased in neat woven E-glass laminated composites, decreased in neat jute laminated composites, significantly increased in laminated composites with woven E-glass fibres in compression and jute fibres in tension and slightly increased when woven E-glass fibres were kept in tension and jute fibres in compression.
Factors associated with emerging multimodal transportation behavior in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: McAuliffe Wells Emily , Small Mitchell , Spurlock C Anna , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies the influence of demographic, local transportation environment, and individual preferences for transportation attributes on multimodal transportation behavior in an urban environment with emergent transportation mode availability. Multimodality is the use of more than one mode of transportation during a given timeframe. Multimodality has been considered a key component of sustainable and efficient transportation systems, as this travel behavior can represent a shift away from personal vehicle use to more sustainable transportation modes, especially in urban environments with diverse transportation systems and emergent shared transportation alternatives (e.g., carsharing, ridehailing, bike sharing). However, it is unclear what factors contribute towards people being more likely to exhibit multimodal transportation behavior in modern urban environments. We assessed commuting behavior based on a survey administered in the San Francisco Bay Area according to whether residents commuted (i) exclusively by vehicle, (ii) by a mix of vehicle and non-vehicle modes, or (iii) exclusively by non-vehicle modes. A classification tree approach identified correlations between commuting classes and demographic variables, preferences for transportation attributes, and location-based information. The characterization of commuting styles could inform regional transportation policy and design that aims to reduce vehicle use by identifying the demographic, preference, and location-based considerations correlated with each commuting style.
Reflections on race, ethnicity, and NIH research awards
Authors: Ginther Donna K.
Published: December 2021

It has been a decade since “Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards” was published. Receiving the American Society for Cell Biology Public Service Award allows me to reflect on this research and its impact. In this essay, I share the story of how my research interests and professional networks provided the opportunity to do this important work. I also make the case for improved data and mentoring to address race and ethnic disparities in NIH funding.