bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Suitability of Land Reclamation in the Plain Mining Areas with High Phreatic Water Level
Authors: Fang Jun , Wang Le Jie , Zhang Guang Wei , Cao Xin Kuan , Li Wei
Published: June 2012

Suitability evaluation plays a determining and crucial role in the preliminary and terminal stages of the land reclamation, which is carried out to prove the suitability of land reclamation from the perspective of technology, society and ec onomy based on scientific technology, economic technology, Informatics, Prognostics and Mathematical statistics. Besides soil, climate, topography, water, farming practices, phreatic level also matters a lot for the suitability evaluation. Therefore, the present paper studies the land reclamation suitability in the plain mining areas with high phreatic water level, which will be supportive to determine the reclamation direction and allocate the land resources in reclamation areas.
Study on the Wind-Sand Flow Structure near the Ground during a Sandstorm in Typical Desertification Grassland
Authors: Wang Jing , Fang Yi , Hao Run Mei , Zhou Rui Ping , Zhou Dan Dan , Hai Chun Xing
Published: June 2012

Under the influence of the properties of underlying surface, the wind-sand flow structure near the ground is different when the sandstorm occurs in different areas. In this paper, in order to explore the structure features of the wind-sand flow near the ground during a sandstorm in desertification grassland, Zhao He observation station at Inner Mongolia, China, in desertification grassland has been selected as an example. According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector，a comparative analysis on the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions during the sandstorm on April 29-30，2011, and study the pattern of wind-sand flow structure have been done. The result shows that the first-rank curve fitting of wind-sand flow structure is exponential function under the northwest (main direction of the sandstorm), and the sediment discharge were increased with the height increase. The wind-drift sand flows are mainly suspension in prevailing wind direction. In the southeast, the opposite to the prevailing wind direction, the first-rank curve fitting of wind-sand flow structure is power function that showed sediment discharge were decreased with height increase, and saltation is the main wind-drift sand flows movement pathway. In the rest directions, weak correlations between sediment discharge and height during a sandstorm have been found. The closer directions to the prevailing wind direction, the more relative sediment discharge in the elevations above 30-35cm
Dust Source of Sandstorm in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Li Sheng Yu , Lei Jia Qiang , Xu Xin Wen , Wang Hai Feng , Gu Feng
Published: June 2012

Dust supply is important to sandstorm occurrence as well as wind regime. Dust supply is closely related to groundsurface conditions showed by these index soil physical composition, soil moisture, vegetation cover, human activities. The physical conditions of groundsurface in the Tarim basin is distributed in a ringlike pattern. From edge to hinterland, there are various landscapes in turn as follow: mountains, piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and plains and shifting desert. At the same time, in this turn, different types of soil has been developed there: brown desert soil, ancient oasis cultivated soil (anthropogenic-alluvial soil), swamp soil, desert forest meadow soil, paddy soil, saline soil, takyr soil, shifting sandy soil, and so on. Through comprehensive analysis, some conclusions were drew as the follow: (1)shifting deserts are the major dust source of sandstorm occurred in the hinterland and the south fringe of the Taklimakan Desert; (2)cultivated soils are another dust source of sandstorm occurred in oasis areas disturbed by high-intensity human activities; (3) gobi deserts in upper of piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and desert forest areas on alluvial plains are the potential dust sources with high dust-emitting ability that can be activiated by human activities.
Effect of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Reduction in Red-Soil Slope Land, Poyang Lake Basin
Authors: Xi Tong Hang , Fang Shao Wen , Mo Ming Hao , Yang Jie , Zheng Hai Jin
Published: June 2012

Based on the three-year standard runoff plot experiment observation through typical runoff plots from 2006 to 2008, this study quantitatively analyzes the effect and difference of runoff and sediment reduction with different soil and water conservation measures in red-soil slope land of Poyang Lake Basin in order to solve the soil losses problems. Surface vegetation, especially the cover of near surface vegetation has extremely obvious effect on runoff and sediment reduction. When the optimal allocation of different layers of vegetation, good effects can be achieved. The function of runoff and sediment reduction of contour cultivation is more obvious than that of downslope cultivation. The reduction effect of terrace is good and grass planting on the ridge of terrace is much better.
Proteomics Response and Acclimation of Camptotheca acuminata Seedlings to Water Deficit
Authors: Yu Jing Hua , Yuan Shu Sheng , Tang Zhong Hua , Li De Wen , Zu Yuan Gang
Published: June 2012

Proteomics responses and adaptations of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings to drought conditions stimulated by treatment with PEG8000 simulation were investigated. We determined the drought responses of seedlings after 30min, 3 h, and 5 h of treatment with15% PEG8000 . The following 2-DE and PMF identification analysis showed that there are many kinds of proteins involved in the regulation of plants responses to environmental drought. Heat shock protein (HSP) and Late embryo abundant protein (LEA) were discovered to take part in the response of C. acuminata to drought environment. Rubisco LSU was found to help C. acuminata to adapt this arid environment in the way of degradation.
Effects of Yield and Water Use Efficiency with Whole Film Covering on Spring Maize in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast, China
Authors: Yin Guang Hua , Tong Na , Cong Pei Fei , Gu Jian , Liu Zuo Xin
Published: June 2012

To improve farmland water use efficiency in the semi-arid area, the field experiment of whole film covering with the spring maize was conducted. The results showed that the whole film mulching (WFM) and the conventional film mulching (CFM) could both improve the maturity effective panicles. The sequence of increasing magnitude was: WFM 2a > WFM 1a> CFM 1a> CK. The CFM could significantly improve grain yield and water use efficiency, however, the WFM could reach to a very significant level. The yield effect between the application of the WFM 2a and the WFM 1a were propinquity, the difference was not obvious. The application of WFM 1~2a was effective maize cultivation pattern in semi-arid region, which was for realizing the water-saving and yield increased purposes.
The Analysis of Relationships between Rainfall and Warp Dam Block Sediment in Jinghe Watershed
Authors: Ran Da Chuan , Shen Zhen Zhou , Zeng Mao Lin
Published: June 2012

Analyzed the relationships between rainfall and warp dam block sediment in Jinghe watershed in different years by regression analysis method base on the nearest material, the date shows: (1) The respond relation is changes between the warp dam retains sand and the rain in Jinghe river basin,80's is the biggest. The critical value is 1×107 t/a;the 1d and rain season and year rain critical value is bigger than 40mm,350mm,450mm. (2) The relationships between rainfall and warp dam block sediment in Jinghe watershed were different, it had two areas include high and low block sediment base the rainfall; the high value is 3.55 times than low value. The block sediment amount of warp dam will be calculated by the corresponding relation base the actual amount of rainfall flood in watershed. (3) The warp dam retains sand amount is about 0.016t/m3 in 1 m3 flood at 80's in Jinghe river basin, the warp dam retains sand is about 0.0045t/m3 in 1 m3 flood at other years in Jinghe river basin, was growing to 0.021t/m3 near period. (4) They have the line relation between warp dams reduce sediment and soil erosion in different spatial scale river basin in middle of yellow river. The rate of reduce sediment to retain sand increase with the area decrease.
The Distribution Characteristics of Rocky Desertification and Land Use/Land Cover in Karst Gorge Area
Authors: Ying Bin , Xiao Shi Zhen , Xiong Kang Ning , Chen Qi Wei , Luo Jing Sheng
Published: June 2012

The Huajiang Demonstration Area, which is a representative karst area with typical rocky desertification landscape in Guizhou was chosen as the study area. Based on the 5m resolution Spot 5 remote sensing images, the topographic maps (1:10 000) and the land use map etc, the rocky desertification of the area was interpreted. We took quantitative analysis through introducing two concepts: the rocky desertification occurrence among land use/land cover and the land use/ cover structure value of rocky desertification. The data showed that(1) the proportion of highly steep slopes in the study area is one of the reasons leading to large area of rocky desertification; (2)The rocky desertification occurrence among different land use/cover is different, and the land use/ cover type structure among rocky desertification is also different among all grades of desertification; (3)Rocky desertification intensity in different land use/cover can’t be measured in means of rocky desertification occurrence, high rocky desertification occurrence may be in a low-intensity state, and vice versa. (4)It is suggested that land use conditions, rocky desertification grades, and terrain of the land should be fully considered in the process of designing and matching rocky desertification control measures.
Effect of Corn Straw-Bentonite-Polyethylene on Physical Properties of Sandy Soil
Authors: Ma Ming , Wang Ding Yong , Sun Rong Guo
Published: June 2012

In recent years, a variety of soil amendments came out and achieved certain results in the modification of desertification soil. However, most soil amendments belong to chemical product. They’re cost and produce secondary pollution easily. In order to further study on the measures to improve degeneration soil, make full use of renewable resources, and minimize secondary pollution, corn straw, bentonite and PAM were used simultaneously in the pot experiment to explore their synergic effect on the structure of sandy soil. In this test, corn straw is selected as the research objects. Different amounts of straw modified materials are applied in the pot experiment. Physical properties such as pH, bulk density, and aggregates were analyzed at 10 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days. Results showed that under the condition of different additions and doses of straw modified material, with the increase of PAM, the straw modified material did not have significant influence on pH value of sandy soils. Bulk density of the sandy soil decreased under the effect of the straw modified material. The higher the doses, or the more the content of PAM (but still<2%), the more apparently the bulk density decreased. With the increase of time, bulk density of the soil first increased and then decreased, reaching minimum at 60 days. The content of 1~5 mm aggregate increased obviously at 90 days with the addition of modified material, which was 2.12 times of control value. With the increase of content of PAM (<2%), the content of 1~5 mm aggregate increased gradually. When the content of PAM continued to increase (reaching 3%), the content of 1~5 mm aggregate decreased instead. Effect of straw modified material on sandy soil was optimum under the condition of corn straw, bentonite (albany grease, 200 item) and PAM (anionic poluacrylamides, 1.0×107 daltons, and solution 30%) 900:100:20, 10g/5kg for 60 days of pot experiment.
Effects of Different Applying Fertilization Patterns on Soil Microorganisms, Organic Carbon and Respiration Flux in Maize Grown under Ridge Cultivation
Authors: Dai Yun Xian , Liu Jing Hui , Li Li Jun , Chen Aodungerile , Wang Li Gang , Chen Lei Qing , Chen Qin , Acharya Surya N.
Published: June 2012

The effects of three different fertilization patterns including single chemical fertilizer(DH), chemical-organic fertilizer(HY), and single organic fertilizer (DY),no fertilizer(CK) on soil microbial biomass, soil organic carbon content, yield and soil respiration flux in ridge cultivation maize fields in the West Liaohe region were studied. The results showed that soil microbial biomass, organic carbon content, yield and soil respiration flux under HY were higher than the rest of other treatments in 2005 and 2006. The varying order of soil microbial total biomass performed as HY>DY>DH>CK on the ridge-tillage maize farmland. The soil total nitrogen concentration, organic carbon concentration and respiration of HY were significantly higher than the rest of other treatments (p HY> DH > CK; the order of biological yield was DH>HY>DY> CK; the order of grain yield was HY>DH>DY> CK and the economic coefficient of HY was the highest in both years.
Environmental Hazards in the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province of China
Authors: Shi Tong Guang , Qi Shan Zhong
Published: June 2012

The Yellow River Delta of China is a unique region with vulnerable ecosystems and under the most pressure from various risk sources. In recent years, this region has experienced rapid economic growth. However, the delta is vulnerable to environmental hazards and is seriously affected by such natural and anthropogenic hazards as coastal erosion, land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, soil salinization and groundwater pollution due to natural disasters and human activities, thereby increasing the risk of environmental degradation in the Yellow River Delta.
Reason Analysis of Landsliding for the Side Slope Corner Area
Authors: Sun Shi Guo , Dong Pei Xin
Published: June 2012

Deformation amount is depended on area position for approximate condition on engineering geology. Deformation amount is small as radius of curvature become small, conversely large. This paper studies severe plastic deformation reason of slope body. Landsliding reason of the side slope corner area is the rain soaked softening effect for the lower part of the clay rock special slope form. Therefore, abnormal deformation is produced. Slope stability is related slope angle, sometimes related secondary softening effect of rain water. So, key measures of slope safety are ensured for controlling the rain soaked softening effect.
Variation in Soil Acidity in Larch Plantations in Eastern Montane Area of Northeast China and its Effect on Soil Phosphorus Forms
Authors: Chen Li Xin , Duan Wen Biao , Wang Jing Hua
Published: June 2012

Variations in SA in various stands of first rotation larch plantation (FRLP) at different development stages (DDS), and in young stand (YS) of second rotation larch plantation (SRLP) in eastern montane area of northeast China and the relationship between SA and various forms of OP and IP were studied. Our results demonstrated that soil active acidity (pH value, SAA) in rhizosphere soil (RS) decreased continually with increasing stand ages from YS, half-mature stand (HMS), near mature stand (NMS) to mature stand (MS), but SAA in non-rhizosphere soil (NRS), exchange acidity (EA), exchangeable aluminium (EAL), total hydrolytic acidity (THA), and the ratio of EA to THA in RS and NRS increased apparently; when SA increased, total organic phosphorus (TOP), moderately resistant organic phosphorus (MROP), and highly resistant organic phosphorus (HROP) decreased in all stands of FRLP. For all stands except in HMS, when EA in RS increased, TOP, MROP, and HROP decreased. The correlation between labile organic phosphorus (LOP) and SAA, THA in RS reached highly significant level (HSL) at P=0.01 or significant level (SL) at P=0.05, respectively. Correlation coefficient (CC) between LOP and THA in RS diminished as stand ages increased. Positive correlation between moderately liable organic phosphorus (MLOP) and SAA in RS reached SL at P=0.05 or HSL at P=0.01 in all stands. In most stands, the close correlation existed between MROP and soil potential acidity (SPA), and between HROP and SPA, respectively.
Combination Measures of Plant Buffer Strips and Agronomic Management to Control Soil and Nutrient Losses of Sloping Land
Authors: Liu Ling Hua , Cheng Dong Sheng , Zhou Huai Dong , Zhu Duan Wei
Published: June 2012

The combination measures of plant buffer strips with Amorpha fruticosa Linn and 4 different agronomic measures were used to control soil and nutrient losses of sloping land in a small watershed in Danjiangkou Reservoir. The result shows that balanced fertilization, intercrop and ridge, reduced 31.22~40.05×10-2 kg/hm2 and 0.03~1.04×10-2 kg/hm2 respectively, whichever could head off the soil, nitrogen, phosphorus. Compared with the control, hedgerow plots reduced 31.3%, 53.9% of runoff and sediment yield. Thus, those measures played a good role in the prevention of the nutrient, soil and water loss in small watershed
Water and Soil Conservation Characteristics for Two Typical Subtropical Forests in Southeast China
Authors: Zhou Ben Zhi , Wang Xiao Ming , Cao Yong Hui , Kong Wei Jian , Tang Yi Lin
Published: June 2012

Moso bamboo and natural secondary forests are the typical forest types in subtropical area in China. With field observation at the Qiangjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station. the effect of the two typical forests was compared on soil and water conservation and their difference was quantified. The results showed that: (1) The runoff coefficients for moso bamboo and natural broad-leaved secondary forest go up with increase of precipitation. (2) Natural broad-leaved secondary and moso bamboo forests both are pretty good in preservation of water source and water and soil conservation. The former is better than the latter. moso bamboo forest is over 90% higher than natural broadleaved secondary in runoff generation, and three times higher in sediment yield. (3) Runoff for two forest types has a significant correlation with precipitation outside the forest. Total runoff has a significant linear relation with precipitation, and the runoff coefficient has a logarithm correlation with precipitation.
Game Analysis on Benefit of Chinese Wetland Ecological Compensation
Authors: Hao Chun Xu , Wen Ya Li
Published: June 2012

China adopted a series of measures on wetland eco-environmental protection to enhance improvement of ecological conditions of wetlands. However, there are still structural policies absence in the practicing process. Ecological compensation as a systematic arrangement between adjusting damage and environment protectors remain an effective measure of environmental conservation. This article from the perspective of game theory analyze wetland ecological compensation stakeholders, through the establishment of wetland ecological compensation of subject and object of the game model to arrive at the wetland ecological compensation of the main object of the Nash equilibrium strategy, and make specific recommendations.
Environmental Legislation Framework and Environmental Administrative Management System of China
Authors: Wang Xiao Jun
Published: June 2012

The paper is set out to figure out the framework of the environmental legislation and the environment administration of China by the empirical analysis method. Environmental Legislation Framework of China is composed of various laws enacted by different legal authorities. Constitutions, Acts, Rules and Regulations are basic legal choices for China to carry out environmental legislation at both central and local levels. The Environmental Administrative Management Framework of China is very complex and far from perfect because of the overlap between different governmental branches at the same level. China decides to do something to solve the problem through reformation of the political mechanism.
Factors Controlling the Distribution and Fate of Nitrate in the Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater in a Semiarid Agriculture Area
Authors: Wang Su Fen , Huang Tian Ming , Liu Ji Lai , Liu Yu Long
Published: June 2012

Overuse of fertilizers in agriculture could cause groundwater nitrate pollution. However, this is related to nitrate input, soil moisture movement (direction and rate), and depth of water table in (semi)arid areas, where nitrate can be preserved and nitrate loss by denitrification can be limited. A 18-m soil profile to water table in Daxing, Beijing shows that the nitrate is accumulated in the upper unsaturated zone and has not reached water table; and then groundwater nitrate remains at baseline level (5.6 mg/L). The soil moisture movement velocity is 0.28 m/yr based on nitrate use history. It takes another ~35 years for the moisture with high nitrate content to reach water table and pollute groundwater, to which attention should be paid in water quality management.
Advances in the Study on the Relationship between Climate Change and Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Han Qin Chen , Kang Jian Cheng , Yan Guo Dong , Wang Guo Dong , Lin Hai , Zhu Jiong , Liu Chao , Sun Wen Zheng , Li Yan , Jin Tao
Published: June 2012

The roles of wetlands served as pool, sink and source are discussed in mitigating climate change. Climate change is generally accompanied by the change of regional atmospheric temperature and precipitation pattern, and which brings significant impacts on wetlands. In this paper, the impact of climate change on the hydrology of wetlands, areas, structure and function of wetlands, carbon cycle and the roles of wetlands in mitigating climate change are reviewed. The key research fields in the future are presented in the paper: construction of protection and recovery system of wetlands, the prediction of dynamics and impacts of climate change on wetlands, carbon cycle of wetlands, the deep-seated and multifaceted impacts of climate change on wetlands, the time and space characteristics of climate change on wetlands in the long-term and wide-space scales.
Stimulatory Effects of Extracts Prepared from Salix babylonica L. on Fat Catabolism in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet
Authors: Liu Ke Yue
Published: June 2012

Effects of the ethanol extracts prepared from Salix babylonica L. leaves on the fat deposit induced in mice by feeding a high-fat-diet for 9 wks were studied. Increase in body weight and parametrial adipose tissue weight containing 2,5 or 10g (extract) /kg food was suppressed as compared to that observed in mice fed the high-fat-diet alone. Futhermore, the enthanol extract inhibited the elevation of blood triacylglycerol in rats administered orally a lipid emulsion as compared to that in rats given the emulsion alone. Experiments are now undergoing to isolate other ingredients from the extract and test them for anti-obesity effects.
CO2 Emissions from BF-BOF and EAF Steelmaking Based on Material Flow Analysis
Authors: Li Yin Jiao , Xu Wen Qing , Zhu Ting Yu , Qi Feng , Xu Tie Bing , Wang Zhen
Published: June 2012

In order to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from the iron and steel making in China, carbon flows in two iron and steel enterprises were investigated with Material Flow Analysis, through the production data and sampling of materials from each enterprise in this paper. Results show that the main carbon sources of CO2 emissions in blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steelmaking are fossil fuel, and fossil fuel in electricity furnace (EAF) steelmaking account for 33% of the total carbon sources; The amount of CO2 emission of per ton crude steel from the BF-BOF steelmaking and EAF steelmaking is 1149.7 and 46.6 kg, respectively.
Studies on the Community Structure of Phytoplankton in the Sea near Sanmen Bay
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai , Qian Jian , Chen Li Hong
Published: June 2012

This paper reports the phytoplankton investigation results which were collected in 15 observation stations and a day-night continuous observation station in the sea area near Sanmen Bay (29° 00'00 "~ 29° 10'26 "N, 121° 34'43" ~ 121° 47'06 "E) in spring(April), summer (July), autumn (October) of 2007 and winter (January) of 2008. After microscopic observation and identification, a total of 6 phyla, 56 genera, 146 species were identified in the sea near Sanmen Bay. The seasonal species change was spring (101)> autumn (96)> summer (96)> winter (85). The cell abundance of phytoplankton in the sea near Sanmen Bay was 0.72103～1.3106 cells /dm3, and the average cell abundance was 5.13104 cells /dm3. The mean cell abundance in winter was 1.27105cells/dm3 >4.72104cells/dm3 in autumn > 1.63104 cells/dm3 in spring > 2.51103cells/dm3 in summer. During the 24-hour continuous observation, in the day time, particularly in the afternoon, the photosynthesis was strong, and the cell abundance of phytoplankton was high; at night, especially in the latter half of the night or wee hours, the photosynthesis was weak, and the cell abundance of phytoplankton was low. The dominant species of phytoplankton in the Sanmen Bay was Skeletonema costatum. Ecological types of phytoplankton can be divided into three groups: (1) inner bay and coastal temperate group; (2) eurythermal and euryhaline group; (3) warm water off-shore group. Inner bay and coastal eurythermal and euryhaline group was the dominant group. The amounts of other groups were less. Totally 64 red-tide species were observed in the sea area near Sanmen Bay, of which, diatoms was predominant, 40 species; dinoflagellates was 19 species; Cyanophyta was 2 species; Euglena、Chrysophyceae and Protozoa was 1 specie respectively. The average cell abundance of the main red-tide organisms in the sea area near Sanmen Bay was 5.6102 cells/dm3～1.2105 cells/dm3. The dominant species composition and community structure of phytoplankton were mainly composed of diatoms, such as Skeletonema costatum, Ditylum brightwelli, Coscinodiscus jonesianus, Thalassiosira eccentrica, Leptocylindrus danicus, Chaetoceros lorenzianus; pyrrophyta, such as Ceratium fusus, Ceratium tripos, Ceratium furca etc.
Determination of Nine Microelements in Nostoc commune Vauch by ICP-AES
Authors: Diao Yi , Han Hong Bo , Zhang Da Fen , Zhou Jian Ping , Yang Zu Jun
Published: June 2012

In this paper,the contents of nine elements including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, Cd, Pb, Ti and V were determined by ICP-AES technique, which elements originated from Nostoc commune Vauch from different places. Detection limits ranged 0.0018 ug•ml-1 and 0.068 ug•ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 95.8% and 105.6%. The results showed that there were rich elements in N. commune Vauch from different places; contens of Fe, Al and V were highest; contents of Mn, Zn and Ti were moderately high,and contents of Cu, Cd and Pb were lowest. Futhermore, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and V were essential to people’s health,and Al, Cd, Pb and Ti had potentially physiologically toxic.Finally,Concentrations of elements within N. commune Vauch from different places were different,which may have some relations with the soil and environment where N. Commune grew.As a result, the determining method which elements of N. Commune are determined by ICP-AES is rapid,accurate and convenient, and wild N. Commune may contain toxic elements because of pollutional soil and environment,so N. Commun cultivated artificially can effectively reduce harmful elements.
Distribution Characters of Soil Microbial in Wuzhi Part of Yellow River Riparian Wetland after Artificial Restoration
Authors: Zhu Ning , Zhao Tong Qian , Xiao Chun Yan , Jiao Li Heng , Zhang Kun Feng
Published: June 2012

Abstract: This article describes the distribution characteristics of soil microbial in different vegetable types in artificial wetland restoration. The results show that quantity of microbial had a significant increase before and after restoration. The value of Polygonum hydropiper sample was largest. The sequence of increase was Polygonum hydropiper,Phragmites communis Trin,Typha angustifolia and bare land; Referring to the change of three types of microorganisms, bacteria enhance 2.16 times largest; Meanwhile fungi go up 1.11 times least. The range of microbial diversity value before restoration is 0.2437-0.7633, and after is 0.1163-0.4069;Bacteria amount had significant correlation with TN.
Predicaments and Protective Actions of Giant Panda Habitat of Baoxing County in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Fu Cheng , Wang Qing
Published: June 2012

The giant panda habitat of Baoxing County, located in the transition zone from Sichuan Basin to the edge of southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the critical and key ecological function areas. At present, the puzzled problems present that the whole ecological system was interrupted by ecological management from different local department policy and the long merits for protecting giant habitat was weaken by short-term economic profits from natural resources. Exploring marbles and constructing hydropower plants and the livelihood activities of residents in the world heritage protection zone threatened to the protection for giant panda habitats. The government and people have taken a series of measures in recent years to deal with conflict: setting up nature reserves, establishing ecological protection projects, speeding up adjustment of industrial structure and international cooperation. The development practice of Baoxing County over the years shows that it is a sustainable and effective measure to grow economy while simultaneously protecting the giant panda habitats through Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM). However, giant panda protection is destined a protracted battle in economy development process.
Relationship between Environment Protection and Improvement of Roads and Configuration of Landscape Plants
Authors: Wang Yun Xia
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzes the main causing factors of road environment pollution and the main measures for protection. Functions of garden plants on the road environment protection and improvement are discribed, principle and evaluation indicators for road greening plant distribution are analyzied, and plants species contributing to road pollution absorption and purification are summed up. The paper provides reference information for reserch on road environment protection and configuration of plants.
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Storages Changes in a China's Modern Agricultural Ecosystem
Authors: Peng Kui
Published: June 2012

Agricultural modernization is changing nutrients biogeochemical cycles in soil as well as regional and global environmental changes. Taking a typical agricultural county of as an example, the article studied the changes of topsoil (0~20cm) bulk, contents and storages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in an agricultural county of North China due to agricultural reform process from 1983-2004, by taking soil samples and experimental determination. The results showed that soil pH decreased, bulk increased lightly, the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased by 70% and 133% respectively, and the storages of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the county increased by 72% and 113% respectively from traditional agriculture to modern. Agricultural modernization including heavy chemical fertilizers inputs, machine irrigation and agricultural mechanizations were the important factors driving these changes.
Spatial Analysis on the Fluctuation of Regional NPP in the Typical Steppe, in China
Authors: Li Su Ying , Wang Xiu Mei , Chang Ying , Wu Xiao Xia , Fan Qiang
Published: June 2012

Assessing the inter-annual variation of regional grassland productivity is imperative to meet the local requirements of grassland adaptive management at regional- or landscape- scale. For the semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, the improved CASA model, a kind of light-energy-efficiency model, was used to simulate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of the regional grassland. And this study further calculated the Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the regional NPP. Both of SD and CV were used to reflect the fluctuations of regional NPP in the study area among years. Approximately 1/3 of the regional NPP over the years were dramatically changed, frequently up to large amplitude by an average rate of 1 times or more.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Net Primary Productivity in the Source Regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
Authors: Yang Zhao Ping , Gao Ji Xi , Tian Mei Rong
Published: June 2012

Based on remote sensing data, climatic data and other related data in source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers from 2000 to 2006, the net primary production (NPP) of source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers was estimated by using CASA (Camegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model. Spatial pattern and changing tendency for vegetation NPP, and correlation relationships between air temperature, precipitation and NPP were analyzed. The results showed that annual average NPP in source regions of Yangze and Yellow Rivers was 104.22 gC.m-2.a-1. A total mean annual NPP in source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers was 22.07×1012g C.a-1, which decreased from southeastern to northwestern part and this trend coupled with the changes in temperature and precipitation. Increasing trend of NPP in source region of Yellow River was clearer than that in source region of Yangze River during 2000-2006. The region with increasing tendency occupied approximately 68.42% of total area, while the region with decreasing tendency accounted for 23.83%. Marked decrease regions for NPP were mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River including Gande county, Dari county, Maqin county and area nearby Dari river and Kequ, occupied 10.56% of total source regions area. The region of very marked increase sporadically distributed in the region with marked increase trend. The northwestern region of Yellow River and southeastern region of Yangtze River were located by region with indistinct increase extensively. Regression analysis of vegetation NPP and climate factors showed that average temperature and precipitation were important factors affecting changes in vegetation NPP; while the mean air temperature appears to be the primary factor controlling terrestrial NPP in the source regions of Yangze and Yellow rivers.
Study on Diffusion of Invasion Species Along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Authors: Tang Xu Qing , Yan Han Bing , Xu Hai Gen
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the study on the simulation of invasion species diffusion along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is presented. On the basis of discrete diffusion model of invasion species, the diffusion model from multi-sources is studied combining with the geographical information in the studying region, and the diffusion rate from a single source is also studied. The simulation of the diffusion of invasive species along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is discussed by using MATLAB and ArcGIS9.2 for given the diffusion coefficient, and some simulation results is obtained including from one-dimension to three-dimension. Those theoretical results can be easily used in the diffusion research on other invasion species to ensure its wide applications in the future.
Study on Ecological Benefits of Street Trees in Districts of Harbin, Based on i-Tree MODEL
Authors: Zhou Chang Wei , He Xing Yuan
Published: June 2012

Based on STRATUM module of i-Tree model, total ecological benefits of street trees in Harbin is 4.5 million dollar per year, the differences between districts are very big. Ecological benefit of Nangang district Account for 22%, the highest one in the whole city, Daowai district is minimum, just 1%. Energy-saving benefit (46%) > rain interception benefits (42%) > CO2 absorption benefit (8%) > air purification benefit (4%) of street trees for the whole study area. The aesthetic benefit is greater than the other street trees ecological benefits. The highest ecological benefit per tree is yielded by Taiping district, with an average 29.81 dollar.
Suspended Sediment as an Attenuating Factor of Ultraviolet-B Radiation Effects on the Growth and DNA Damage of Chlorella Sp.
Authors: Li Yun , Huang Yao Jia , Wang Xiao Rong
Published: June 2012

Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and suspended sediment (SS) separately as well as in combination on the growth and DNA damage of Chlorella sp. were studied under controlled laboratory conditions. The Chlorella sp. was exposed to UV-B of 17 µW cm-2 for 0, 1 and 5 minutes in 0, 500 and 5000 mg L-1 defined SS. The results showed that SS attenuated light penetration and suppressed the growth of Chlorella sp.. It also attenuated UV-B induced DNA damage and promoted the cell growth. The suppression and promotion of cell growth depended on the concentration of SS and dose of UV-B radiation. These results are important in understanding of the effects of elevated UV-B radiation on microalgae in sediments-dominate coastal waters.
The Study of Soil Microorganism in Different Vegetation at the Wuliangsuhai Wetland
Authors: Wu Lin Hui , Zhao Ji , Zhang Xiao Juan , Shi Ying Yu , Huang Dan , Hui Min , Shao Yu Qin
Published: June 2012

The study, by measured the number of microorganisms on the six kinds of vegetation types of WuLiangSuHai wetland, reveals that: Scirpus (Scirpus pumilus Vahl) plots, Gramineae (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plots, Chenopodiacea (Suaeda glauca Bunge) plots, Zygophyllaceae (Nitraria tangutorum Bobr) plots, Artificial Tamarix plots and Artificial Elaeagnus angustifolia plots, soil microbial population and distribution is significantly different. The results show that: bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi are highest on the Artificial tamarix soil, are 15.6×103CFU•g-1, 47×102CFU•g-1, 43CFU•g-1, and other microbe quantity was significantly higher than other vegetation, and the number of microorganisms in Scirpus (Scirpus pumilus Vahl) plots, Gramineae (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plots and Chenopodiacea (Suaeda glauca Bunge)plots vegetation are generally low. Overall, the quantities of bacteria are the largest than the actinomycetes and fungi that was less than others quantities in variety of samples. There is a certain correlation between the number of soil microorganism and soil moisture which is one of the key factors to regulate wetland ecosystem microbial metabolic and material conversion.
Tourism Impact Assessment on Coastal Water Environment - A Case Study on HangZhou Bay North Shore in Shanghai
Authors: Liu Shi Dong , Gao Jun , Xue Dong Qian
Published: June 2012

The study on tourism environment impact on coastal area has been a hot spot for coastal ecological environment research in our country. Based on grey recognition mode, this Paper analyzes the water environment quality of Shanghai Hangzhou Bay north shore coastal artificial bathing place in the spatial-temporal perspectives and researches the impacts of coastal tourism activities on water environment. The research results reveal that: (1) Coastal artificial bathing place is beneficial for protecting and improving coastal water environmental quality and different management modes on coastal artificial bathing place present different temporal features on protection of coastal water body; (2) In tourist peak season, environmental management improves the surrounding water environmental quality of artificial bathing place; (3) In the same coastal artificial bathing place, with different water body purification technologies and different influence mechanism, the tourism activities shows different levels of impact on water environment.
Discussion on Afforestaion Techniques in Salt-Alkaline Soil in Northern Ningxia
Authors: Cao Bing , Song Li Hua
Published: June 2012

based on the investigation of afforestation project in 2007 in Pingluo city of Ningxa province, this paper analyzed the change of salt concentration of soil and the planting survival rate, and then proposed the afforestation techniques system for saline-alkaline soil in northern Ningxia. The result showed that: (1) Under application of organic fertilizer and irrigation water to reduce salt concentration in the soil, the salt concentration of the soil depths of 10 cm to 30 cm and 30 cm to 50 cm were (1.37 g/l), and the planting surviving rates for Tamarix chinensis, Amorpha fruticosa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, and Populus euphratica were 75%, 75.4%, 96.8% and 92.6% respectively. But with the film covering on the bottom of the planting hole and irrigating water to reducing salt, the salt concentrations for the two soil depths were all 1.28g/l, and the planting surviving rate of D was only 11.4%. (2) Under elevating the planting surface and increasing the soil depth by 80 cm to 100 cm with the soil from trench, and application of organic fertilizer and irrigation water to reducing salt, the salt concentrations for two depth layers were around 0.36g/l, and the planting surviving rates of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora japonica, Tamarix chinensis, and Amorpha fruticosa were 84/1%, 91.1％, 99.5%, and 82.5% respectively. But when soil depth was increased by 40cm to 60cm, the salt concentrations were between 0.65g/l to 0.71g/l, and the planting surviving rates for Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Sophora japonica, Euonymus bungeanus were 81.2%, 64.3%, 93.6%, 83.8%, and 100% respectively. (3) Afforestation is a kind of systemic project, if planting is based on selecting some salt resistance tree species such as Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Populus euphratica, Atriplex canescens, Nitraria sibirica, Hippophae rhamnoides, Lycium chinense, Sophora japonica, Euonymus bungeanus etc. with the techniques of elevating the planting surface and increasing the soil depth, covering film on the bottom of planting hole, ground surface covering and seedling treatment with chemicals, and application of organic fertilizer, soil amending chemicals and irrigation water to reduce salt, the planting survival rates will be increased in salt-alkaline soil in northern Ningxia.
Landscape Quality Evaluation on Scenic and Recreational Forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Beijing Xi Mountain
Authors: Huang Guang Yuan , Xu Cheng Yang , Gong Lan , Mao Bin , Zhu Jie Fang
Published: June 2012

With the development of the world, public demands for recreation opportunities and scenic beauty of forest have risen substantially in recent decades. Providing recreation activities is one of most important function of forest. The Scenic Beauty Model was established to predict landscape quality, the results were obtained by using Quantification Theory Type I for multiple regression models. The variables in the model of contribution rate can be seen, shrub coverage has the greatest influence in landscape quality, the following variables were canopy density, average height of first alive branches, noticeability of dead branch et al. Then management measures were put forward. It is important for managers in better understanding the interactions between scenic beauty and other forest attributes, has an important role in construction of scenic and recreational forest.
Research on the Influence of Irrigation Amount on Dynamic Changes and Accumulation of Soil Nitric Nitrogen under Film Hole Irrigation
Authors: Guo Feng Tai , Tao Tao , Cheng Dong Juan , Gao Ran
Published: June 2012

Through the experiment of different Irrigation Amounts with urea applied, the paper studied the influence of Irrigation Amounts on soil nitric nitrogen dynamical changes under film hole irrigation and the nitric nitrogen content of the growing period was determined. The result showed: different irrigation amount in the profiles being 3cm and 8cm away from the film hole center, it appeared nitric nitrogen accumulation peaks, increased the irrigation amount promoted the transformation of urea, increased the transformed nitric nitrogen content and distribution of nitric nitrate and the risk of nitric nitrate leaching. In the profiles being 3cm away from the film hole center, the nitric nitrogen accumulation peak significantly reduced at harvest stage, but it reduced in the profiles being 8cm away from the film hole center at milky stage. The milky stage was the maximum period when the corn uptook nitrogen at different irrigation amount. Increased irrigation amount lower the accumulation content of nitric nitrogen near the film hole center after harvest, and higher the accumulation content of nitric nitrogen far away from the film hole center. Above researches could provide the basis for rational fertilization of farmland and nitrate environmental impacts on assessment.
Deviation of Mass-Density Allometry in Ramet Populations of Switchgrass
Authors: Yang Xin Guo
Published: June 2012

We studied a ramet population of switchgrass, caespitose in appearance, and proved the absence of density-dependent mortality. We present a deviation of mass-density allometry based on spatially explicit densities along the vertical space of the population. The number of ramets in the mean-ramet-height space explains the variation in the average weight of whole ramets (M) more accurately, with an asymptote towards critical self-thinning trajectory for such a mass-density relationship. With the development of size heterogeneity, a ‘vertical packing’ process appears in the population. We define the process as a similar ‘self-thinning’ trajectory, through the initial crowding of ramets in the mean-ramet-height space and continued transferring into the upper space and the lower space. The process presents a possibly competitive mechanism of self-thinning, local-competition-driving size deviation and vertical space packing. Here, log10 (M) = 2.91 - 1.25 log10 (NL). Local crowding degree (NL) is the number of ramets per unit area (m2) in the mean-ramet-height space class. Similar ‘self-thinning’ occurs in the ramet population, but it just indicates how those ramets escape out of the mean-ramet-height space class, and therefore how the mean weight of whole ramets increases. Self-thinning should be the result of local competition among effective number of individuals in a population, rather than apparent crowding degree presented by whole individuals. The critical mass-density allometry based on whole individuals should be only a special case.
Patterns of Indigenous Tree Species Distribution in Guangdong Province and the Implications for Tree Introduction
Authors: Wang Xiang Lin , Li Jing Peng , Zhang Yan , Su Zhi Yao
Published: June 2012

Distribution pattern of 1148 indigenous tree species in Guangdong province and their relations to the environment were investigated based on the 0.5°×0.5° latitude-longitude grid system. The results showed that indigenous tree species richness increased with increasing latitude. Richness peaked in the middle of the study area with longitudinal gradient. Four ecological areas for indigenous tree species distribution were delimited using cluster analysis and TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis). Indicator Species Analysis showed a significant difference was found in indicator species distribution across latitude gradient and the 4 ecological areas. Northern mountain areas and southern coastal areas possessed most of the indicator species (IV ≥ 0.7), among which Celtis philippensis, Gironniera cuspidata and Symplocos chunii were strongly indicative of the environmental characteristics. The study of distribution patterns and classification of ecological areas, which reflects different geographical and climatic characteristics, will be of significant implications for introduction of indigenous tree species from natural ecological areas.
Simulation of Jatropha curcas L. Root in Response to Salt Stress Based on 3D Visualization
Authors: Liu Ke Nan , Yang Qi Liang , Ge Zhen Yang , Liu Xiao Gang
Published: June 2012

In order to explore the effects of salt stress on root configuration. This research take the root of Jatropha curcas L as object, a method was proposed that was to statistically analysis root space distribution by Otsu and based on it's morphological and growing characteristic after partitioning root image. Using image processing library to obtain the spatial distribution statistical matrix by the Python language programming, 3D visualization root model was established for Jatropha curcas L with SimRoot root structure model as geometric prototype by using the Visual C++ and OpenAlea model under different salt levels. The results show that this method can scientifically simulate the influence salt stress on Jatropha curcas L root topological.