bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histomorphological Observations in Reproductive Organs of Wistar Rats Administered with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia
Authors: Solomon Benard A. , Akinbo Frederick O.
Published: March 2023

Effort to explore the adverse effect of the plant, Momordica charantia on mammals has remained inadequate despite previous attempt by earlier investigators. More glaring is the paucity of information on the histomorphological effect of the plant’s aqueous leaf extract hence the need to determine possible alteration of tissue structures in reproductive organs of adult Wistar rats  which may affect their functions.

This study aimed at determining the effect of Momordica charantia aqueous leaf extract (MCALE) on the reproductive organs of experimental adult Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: Twenty five rats (male and female) weighing 180-200g were randomly divided into five (5) groups of five rats each.  The experimental groups, A to D were fed on standard diet and administered with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight /day of MCE orally using gavage for 30 days.  Rats in the control groups were fed on standard diet and physiological saline orally. Organs were harvested, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (ovaries) and Bouin’s fluid (testes), embedded in molten paraffin wax, sectioned with a rotary microtome and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin technique.  Stained slides were examined using the Olympus microscope. 

Results: Sections of ovaries administered 100 mg/kg of the extract showed vesicular spaces in corpus luteum and enlarged blood vessels.  Sections treated with 200 mg/kg revealed follicular cyst and mild vacuolation of zona granulosa. Sections of the ovaries administered 400 mg/kg revealed degenerative changes, follicular cyst, mild vacuolation and reduction of zona granulosa layer while those treated with 800 mg/kg showed severe vacuolation of the zona granulosa layer. 

Conclusion: Momordica charantia caused histomorphological changes in ovaries of Wistar rats which could cause hormonal imbalance and infertility in females. No histomorphological changes were observed in male testes.
Convalescent Plasma Infusion in Italian Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID 19 Pneumonia: Evaluation of Late Mortality Associated Factors
Authors: Gessoni Gianluca , Roveroni Giovanni , Moro Lauretta , Pivetta Michela , Tessarin Michele , Bagnara Domenico , Valverde Sara , Carla Rossi , Enza Coluccia , Luca Collodel , Valle Roberto , Carretta Giovanni
Published: March 2023

Background: This was a single center prospective study about factors related with mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with convalescent plasma (CCP) infusion in Venice Prefecture.

Methods: In this study were enrolled all the (376) consecutive hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with CCP observed from 30/04/2020 to 31/10/2021.  At hospital admission, in order to evaluate correlation with prognosis, study recorded demographic data, clinical data, presence of co morbidities, Rx findings, laboratory results.  The endpoint was mortality at 30 days.

Results: Using multivariate analysis, considering demographic data and co morbidities four variables emerged as significant independent predictors of 30-day mortality:  age>70 years, tobacco smoke, obesity (BMI>30), Diabetes. Considering Patients’ clinical characteristics at hospital admission two variables emerged as significant independent predictors of 30-day mortality in this cohort of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: PaO2/FiO2 ratio under 200 and lungs imaging with a score >3.

Discussion: Late mortality was investigated in a series of consecutive, hospitalized, patients with severe COVID-19. We therefore believe that any influence linked to the level of expertise of the clinical staff and available technology was minimal. Furthermore, we also tried to reduce, as much as possible, the variables related CCP infusion using plasma with a neutralizing antibody titer> 80 and a standardized dose: a 200 mL unit per day for three consecutive days. Moreover, using both a univariate and multivariate analytical approach, numerous demographic variables were considered, relating to comorbidities, all clinical characteristics, to laboratory data; correlating them with mortality at 30 days.
Heterotic Classification of Inbred Lines of Maize Based on Combining Ability for Kernel Yield
Authors: Kumar I. Sudhir , Keerthana D. , Sujatha V. , Chandra P. Bharat
Published: March 2023

Grouping of maize inbred lines into heterotic groups is an initial step in exploitation of heterosis. Hence a field study was conducted to classify 27 inbred lines into two heterotic groups by evaluating the performance of 54 crosses along with lines and testers in a simple lattice design. The 27 inbred lines were crossed to two broad based heterotic testers. Highly significant differences were noticed for kernel yield per plant, days to anthesis, days to silking and plant height among all the genotypes. One cross PI 330 × LM 13 was found to be promising among the crosses. Highly significant GCA and SCA effects for kernel yield per plant was recorded. Five inbred lines were identified as good general combiners for kernel yield per plant while nine test crosses were found to be good specific combiners. Out of 27 inbred lines, the testers could classify 15 inbred lines into heterotic groups based on GCA and SCA effects and mean kernel yield per plant. The study demonstrated the applicability of combining ability effects in classifying the inbred lines.
Abundance and Regeneration Potentials of Trees Species at Ukpon River Forest Reserve, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Omini D. I. , Esor P. E. , Iwara I. O. , Ammonum J. I. , Agera S. I.
Published: March 2023

Tropical rainforest is continuously declining by timber exploitation, commercial and monoculture plantation. In This study, abundance and regeneration potentials of trees at Ukpon river forest reserve cross River State, Nigeria was assessed using Systematic line transects and purposive sampling techniques for plots demarcation and data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as tables, charts, frequencies and diversity indices were analyzed using ‘R’ soft wear. 65 tree species in 32 families and 10 genera. Meliaceae, (6) Caesalpiniceae and Moraceae (5) families each were the most abundant families individuals population.). The highest relative frequency (2.256%) and (2.241%) were recorded in Melicia excelsa. Relative dominance (4.970%) was highest in Bianella toxisperma. IVI recorded the highest value (4.970%) in Melicia excelsa . The highest dbh and tree height were (80.5cm) and (68.3m). Shannon wiener index was (5.058), Margelef index (36. 097) and species richness (68). Regeneration potentials seedlings ranged between 0. 22% and 0.01%. However, it is necessary to understand the phenology of the forest reserve, to study whether seeds or fruits produced are adequate, physiological conditions to germinate and growth into wildlings for regeneration purpose.
Optimization and Modeling of Cyanide Removal from Cassava Waste Water Using Calcined and Activated Adsorbent Mixtures of Oyster Shell and Periwinkle Shell Ash
Authors: Njoku Chukwunonso O. , Etuk B. R.
Published: March 2023

Cyanide, a toxic compound found in cassava wastewater which on frequent basis is discharged to the environment poses danger to the ecosystem; this research work aims to curb this menace. Temperature, pH, dosage, contact time, adsorbent mixture ratio and initial concentration were optimized using CCD on periwinkle-oyster shells composite mixtures for activated and also, calcined adsorbents on the cyanide adsorption from cassava wastewater. Three RSM models (linear, 2FI and quadratic) were applied to study, optimize and predict this adsorption process. ANOVA showed that quadratic model best predicted the processes for both the activated and calcined adsorbents having R2 values of 0.9678, CV% of 15.51% for the activated and R2 values of 0.9550, CV% of 18.54% for the calcined composite adsorbent. Surface and contour plots were generated to study the interaction between the adsorption parameters and cyanide adsorption. Results from this study also show that pH and initial cyanide concentration were the most determining factors of the adsorption process for both adsorbent samples with the highest adsorption capacity of 96.648% and 96.112% obtained for the activated and calcined composite adsorbent respectively. Numerical optimization was carried out and the confirmation test on the analyzed best-fit quadratic models yielded actual adsorption efficiency of 90.174% as against the predicted adsorption efficiency of 89.83% for the activated and actual adsorption efficiency of 82.274% as against the predicted adsorption efficiency of 83.475% for the calcined composite adsorbent hence, confirms that both activated and calcined adsorbents of oyster-periwinkle shells composite mixture is effective for cyanide adsorption from cassava wastewater and the RSM models were effective to optimize and predict the process.
PERSEPSI KEPUASAN TAMU TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PARADISE HOTEL GOLF AND RESORT LIKUPANG
Authors: Kawatak Steven Yones , Semuel Oktavianus Wayan , Soputan Mega
Published: March 2023

Jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang terus meningkat seiring berkurangnya dampak dari pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan persaingan hotel-hotel untuk menyediakan kualitas pelayanan yang lebih baik untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepuasan tamu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi kepuasan tamu Paradise Hotel Golf and Resort terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang disediakan. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang yang diperoleh melalui teknik snowball sampling yang kemudian mengisi kuesioner terkait lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan dan indikator-indikator dari setiap dimensi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode rentang untuk mengetahui persepsi kepuasan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden sudah merasa sangat puas terhadap Dimensi Bukti Fisik dan Kepastian serta merasa puas dengan Dimensi Keandalan, Daya Tanggap, dan Empati. Secara keseluruhan, responden berpersepsi puas terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang disediakan oleh Paradise Hotel Golf and Resort.
PERAN MARKETING FOOD INFLUENCER TIKTOK TERHADAP FOLLOWER ENGAGEMENT DAN PURCHASE INTENTION PARA PENGIKUT FEBRYAN DIO RAMADHAN
Authors: Haoe Stanley , Ganiwidjaja Jaffet Timothy , Andreani Fransisca
Published: March 2023

Populernya media sosial, serta menyatunya media sosial ke dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat membuat brand perlu beradaptasi untuk menarik minat beli konsumen atau purchasing intention. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh antara peran marketing influencer tiktok terhadap follower engagement dan purchase intention. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik non-probability purposive sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel dan mendapatkan 286 responden dengan kriteria mempunyai applikasi tiktok, mengikuti Febryan Dio Ramadhan, dan pernah melihat konten Febryan Dio Ramadhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS untuk pengujian pilot study dan SmartPLS untuk pengolahan data secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah marketing influencer mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikant terhadap follower engagement, follower engagement mempunyai pangaruh yang positif dan signifikant terhadap purchase intention, marketing influencer juga berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikant terhadap purchasei intention melalui follower engagement.
Association of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposures to Warm or Cold Air Temperatures With Lung Function in Young Infants
Authors: Guilbert Ariane , Hough Ian , Seyve Emie , Rolland Matthieu , Quentin Joane , Slama Rémy , Lyon-Caen Sarah , Kloog Itai , Bayat Sam , Siroux Valérie , Lepeule Johanna
Published: March 2023

Importance

Little is known about long-term associations of early-life exposure to extreme temperatures with child health and lung function.

Objectives

To investigate the association of prenatal and postnatal heat or cold exposure with newborn lung function and identify windows of susceptibility.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study (SEPAGES) recruited pregnant women in France between July 8, 2014, and July 24, 2017. Data on temperature exposure, lung function, and covariates were available from 343 mother-child dyads. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

Exposures

Mean, SD, minimum, and maximum temperatures at the mother-child’s residence, estimated using a state-of-the-art spatiotemporally resolved model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcome measures were tidal breathing analysis and nitrogen multiple-breath washout test measured at 2 months of age. Adjusted associations between both long-term (35 gestational weeks and first 4 weeks after delivery) and short-term (7 days before lung function test) exposure to ambient temperature and newborn lung function were analyzed using distributed lag nonlinear models.

Results

A total of 343 mother-child pairs were included in the analyses (median [IQR] maternal age at conception, 32 [30.0-35.2] years; 183 [53%] male newborns). A total of 246 mothers and/or fathers (72%) held at least a master’s degree. Among the 160 female newborns (47%), long-term heat exposure (95th vs 50th percentile of mean temperature) was associated with decreased functional residual capacity (−39.7 mL; 95% CI, −68.6 to −10.7 mL for 24 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 20-35 and weeks 0-4 after delivery) and increased respiratory rate (28.0/min; 95% CI, 4.2-51.9/min for 24 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 14-35 and weeks 0-1 after delivery). Long-term cold exposure (5th vs 50th percentile of mean temperature) was associated with lower functional residual capacity (−21.9 mL; 95% CI, −42.4 to −1.3 mL for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 15-29), lower tidal volume (−23.8 mL; 95% CI, −43.1 to −4.4 mL for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 14-35 and weeks 0-4 after delivery), and increased respiratory rate (45.5/min; 95% CI, 10.1-81.0/min for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 6-35 and weeks 0-1 after delivery) in female newborns as well. No consistent association was observed for male newborns or short-term exposure to cold or heat.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, long-term heat and cold exposure from the second trimester until 4 weeks after birth was associated with newborn lung volumes, especially among female newborns.
Association of Household Opioid Availability With Opioid Overdose
Authors: Hendricks Michelle A. , El Ibrahimi Sanae , Ritter Grant A. , Flores Diana , Fischer Michael A. , Weiss Roger D. , Wright Dagan A. , Weiner Scott G.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Previous studies that examined the role of household opioid prescriptions in opioid overdose risk were limited to commercial claims, did not include fatal overdoses, and had limited inclusion of household prescription characteristics. Broader research is needed to expand understanding of the risk of overdose.

Objective

To assess the role of household opioid availability and other household prescription factors associated with individuals’ odds of fatal or nonfatal opioid overdose.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study assessing patient outcomes from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018, was conducted on adults in the Oregon Comprehensive Opioid Risk Registry database in households of at least 2 members. Data analysis was performed between October 16, 2020, and January 26, 2023.

Exposures

Household opioid prescription availability and household prescription characteristics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Opioid overdoses were captured from insurance claims, death records, and hospital discharge data. Household opioid prescription availability and prescription characteristics for individuals and households were modeled as 6-month cumulative time-dependent measures, updated monthly. To assess the association between household prescription availability, household prescription characteristics, and overdose, multilevel logistic regression models were developed, adjusting for demographic, clinical, household, and prescription characteristics.

Results

The sample included 1 691 856 individuals in 1 187 140 households, of which most were women (53.2%), White race (70.7%), living in metropolitan areas (75.8%), and having commercial insurance (51.8%), no Elixhauser comorbidities (69.5%), and no opioid prescription fills in the study period (57.0%). A total of 28 747 opioid overdose events were observed during the study period (0.0526 per 100 person-months). Relative to individuals without personal or household opioid fills, the odds of opioid-related overdose increased by 60% when another household member had an opioid fill in the past 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.54-1.66) and were highest when both the individual and another household member had opioid fills in the preceding 6 months (aOR, 6.25; 95% CI, 6.09-6.40).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of adult Oregon residents in households of at least 2 members, the findings suggest that household prescription availability is associated with increased odds of opioid overdose for others in the household, even if they do not have their own opioid prescription. These findings underscore the importance of educating patients about proper opioid disposal and the risks of household opioids.
Reversine attenuates cholestatic ductular reaction in rats
Authors: Huang Di , Tang Lijuan , Li Tianyang , Li Peilin , Huang Zisheng , Weng Jiefeng , Zhang Shuai , Gu Weili , Huang Yu
Published: March 2023

Ductular reaction (DR) is usually observed in biliary disorders or various liver disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Few studies have focused on interrupting the DR process in the cholestatic environment. Here, we investigated the impact of reversine on DR in rats that had undergone bile duct ligation (BDL). Cholestatic injury was induced in rats 2 weeks following BDL. DR was assessed with biliary markers by immunohistochemistry. Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) were isolated for the analysis of proliferation and biliary factor gene expression. The effects of reversine on DR and fibrosis were analyzed in vivo via intraperitoneal injection in rats for 2 weeks. Chemically‐induced BEC formation was used to investigate the biliary markers affected by reversine in vitro. DR with increased BEC expansion was identified in cholestatic liver injury, as indicated by CK7, CK19, and EpCAM expression around the portal vein in BDL rats. BDL‐induced DR cells showed the increased expression of genes regulating cell proliferation (Ki67, Foxm1, and Pcna) and biliary markers (Krt7, Krt19, Epcam, Sox9, Cftr, and Asbt). Reversine attenuated cholestatic fibrosis and DR in rats. Reversine affected chemically‐induced BEC formation, with the decreased expression of biliary Krt7, Cftr, and Ggt1 genes in vitro. BDL‐induced Notch activation was attenuated upon reversine treatment in vivo, in part via the Notch/Sox9 pathway. In conclusion, reversine attenuated cholestatic ductular reaction and fibrosis in rats and reduced the bile duct formation associated with Dlk1/Notch/Sox9 signaling. Reversine may be regarded as a potential drug for cholangiopathies for preventing a ductular reaction.
Spoken Word Recognition in Bilingualism
Authors: Broersma Mirjam , Weber Andrea
Published: March 2023

Recognizing spoken words in one's first language (L1) is usually effortless, but the same task can be much more demanding when listening to a second language (L2). In order to decode the message of a speaker, listeners must recognize individual words in the speaker's utterance. Spoken word recognition involves two central processes: (a) multiple word activation and competition and (b) segmentation of the continuous speech stream. One major challenge for bilingual listeners (here, anyone mastering multiple languages, whether acquired from birth or later in life) is that more words compete for recognition, in particular when listening to their L2. For bilingual listeners, the set of potential word candidates is multiplied with parallel activation of words from the wrong language as well as words from the language they actually heard—words that monolingual listeners would either not consider or would deactivate much faster. Another challenge is that L2 listeners are less efficient than native listeners in segmenting the continuous speech stream into individual words. For L1 listeners, the task of segmentation is facilitated by numerous indications to word boundaries, including lexical subtraction, prosodic cues, phonotactic constraints, and phonetic detail. Although L2 listeners can exploit these cues to some extent, they often cannot do so as successfully as L1 listeners. This entry describes the challenges of bilingual spoken word recognition in light of the underlying cognitive processes, opportunities to overcome those challenges, and the benefits of having another language at one's disposal during bilingual spoken word recognition.
The Pragmatics of Language and Politics
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane
Published: March 2023

In this entry, we overview pragmatic research on language and politics. We first summarize studies in this area. We then discuss three strands of research that are particularly important in the further development of this field.
Pen Plotter as a Low‐Cost Platform for Rapid Device Prototyping with Solution‐Processable Nanomaterials
Authors: Ersu Gulsum , Sozen Yigit , Sánchez-Viso Estrella , Kuriakose Sruthi , Juárez Beatriz H. , Mompean Federico J. , Garcia-Hernandez Mar , Visscher Lea , Magdaleno Alvaro J. , Prins Ferry , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Munuera Carmen , Island Joshua O. , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: March 2023

The use of inexpensive benchtop plotters in combination with refillable writing pens and markers as a powerful route to print nanomaterial‐based inks on paper substrates is studied. It is proved that this approach is very robust, it can be used to print inks of many different solution‐processable nanomaterials, and is very precise, allowing pattern features with pitch separation as narrow as 80 μm. The general character of this printing platform by printing van der Waals materials, organic semiconductors, hybrid perovskites and colloidal nanoparticles with a broad range of properties (from insulators to superconductors) is illustrated. The system is used to easily create several example applications such as an all‐printed, paper‐supported photodetector. This printing platform can be very helpful for research groups with a wealth of expertise in synthesis of solution‐processable nanomaterials but that lack the infrastructure, resources, and expertise to perform traditional inkjet printing for fast device prototyping.
Non‐van der Waals 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Tantis Iosif , Talande Smita , Tzitzios Vasileios , Basina Georgia , Shrivastav Vishal , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zboril Radek
Published: March 2023

The development of advanced electrode materials for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) solutions has attracted profound research attention as a key enabling technology toward decarbonization and electrification of transportation. Since the discovery of graphene's remarkable properties, 2D nanomaterials, derivatives, and heterostructures thereof, have emerged as some of the most promising electrode components in batteries and supercapacitors owing to their unique and tunable physical, chemical, and electronic properties, commonly not observed in their 3D counterparts. This review particularly focuses on recent advances in EES technologies related to 2D crystals originating from non‐layered 3D solids (non‐van der Waals; nvdW) and their hallmark features pertaining to this field of application. Emphasis is given to the methods and challenges in top‐down and bottom‐up strategies toward nvdW 2D sheets and their influence on the materials’ features, such as charge transport properties, functionalization, or adsorption dynamics. The exciting advances in nvdW 2D‐based electrode materials of different compositions and mechanisms of operation in EES are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nvdW 2D systems are highlighted not only in electrochemical energy storage but also in other applications, including spintronics, magnetism, and catalysis.
Single‐Atom Metal Sites Anchored Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Superior “Two‐In‐One” Photocatalytic Reaction
Authors: Huang Shiyu , Chang Yuan , Li Zhuwei , Cao Jiaqi , Song Yurou , Gao Junfeng , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang
Published: March 2023

Photoredox catalysis is a green solution for organics transformation and CO2 conversion into valuable fuels, meeting the challenges of sustainable energy and environmental concerns. However, the regulation of single‐atomic active sites in organic framework not only influences the photoredox performance, but also limits the understanding of the relationship for photocatalytic selective organic conversion with CO2 valorization into one reaction system. As a prototype, different single‐atomic metal (M) sites (M2+ = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (M‐HOF) backbone with bridging structure of metal‐nitrogen are constructed by a typical “two‐in‐one” strategy for superior photocatalytic CN coupling reactions integrated with CO2 valorization. Remarkably, Zn‐HOF achieves 100% conversion of benzylamine oxidative coupling reactions, 91% selectivity of N‐benzylidenebenzylamine and CO2 conversion in one photoredox cycle. From X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and HOF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers, enhancing CO2 adsorption and forming benzylcarbamic acid intermediate to promote the redox recycle. This work not only affords the rational design strategy of single‐atom active sites in functional HOF, but also facilitates the fundamental insights upon the mechanism of versatile photoredox coupling reaction systems.
Fundamental Mechanisms and Promising Strategies for the Industrial Application of SiOx Anode
Authors: Zhu Xiangbo , Liu Bin , Shao Jiawen , Zhang Quanchao , Wan Yizao , Zhong Cheng , Lu Jun
Published: March 2023

SiOx anode with higher specific capacity than graphite and better capacity retention than pure Si has received great attention from both academia and the industry. However, the further application of SiOx suffers from its low initial Coulombic efficiency and inadequate capacity retention. The academia has reported numerous strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as nanosizing, pore designing, nanoarchitecture, etc., while seldom did they satisfy the requirement of the industry, which asks for anode material with excellent performance in all performance metrics (e.g., specific capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, tap density). Besides, the reproducibility, production cost, and safety of the strategies are less concerned, leading to the “misalignment” between academia and the industry. In this review, the advancements in the modification strategies, which are already or likely to be accepted by the industry, are introduced in detail and critically evaluated. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms of SiOx and the relationship between its structure and performance are systematically discussed. In the end, outlooks and suggestions for future research are given to provide meaningful guidance.
A Metal–Phenolic Nanocoordinator Launches Radiotherapeutic Cancer Pyroptosis Through an Epigenetic Mechanism
Authors: Wang Guohao , Li Bei , Tian Hao , Xie Lisi , Yan Jie , Sang Wei , Li Jie , Zhang Zhan , Li Wenxi , Dai Yunlu
Published: March 2023

Radiotherapy, although clinically effective in immunoactivation, still cannot radio‐functionalize tumor as a potent immunogenetic center. Given that newly found pyroptosis efficiently releases immunogenic damage‐associated molecular patterns, initiating radiotherapeutic pyroptosis may turn a vision of radiotherapy‐induced immunity into reality. However, a precondition is that the absent gasdermin E (GSDME), which essentiates in caspase‐3‐mediated pyroptosis, can be well translated in cancer cells. Here, an epigenetic strategy to launch cancer pyroptosis in radiotherapy is introduced. The nanocoordinator (PWE) is constructed via a metal–phenolic coordination between polyphenolic DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, EGCG), high‐Z radiosensitizer (W6+), and polyphenol‐modified block copolymer. While recovering GSDME expression by EGCG, PWE cleaves GSDME into fragmented GSDME N‐terminal (pyroptotic key protein) via radiotherapeutic caspase‐3. To examine anti‐tumor immune activities, PWE amplifies immunological effects of traditional radiotherapy and decreases radiotherapy‐upregulated regulatory T cells, providing new insight into tumor radiotherapy.
Single‐Atom Cadmium‐N4 Sites for Rechargeable Li–CO2 Batteries with High Capacity and Ultra‐Long Lifetime
Authors: Zhu Kaige , Li Xin , Choi Junyoung , Choi Changhyeok , Hong Song , Tan Xinyi , Wu Tai‐Sing , Soo Yun‐Liang , Hao Leiduan , Robertson Alex W. , Jung Yousung , Sun Zhenyu
Published: March 2023

The rechargeable Li–CO2 battery shows great potential in civil, military, and aerospace fields due to its high theoretical energy density and CO2 capture capability. To facilitate the practical application of Li–CO2 battery, the design of efficient, low‐cost, and robust non‐noble metal cathodes to boost CO2 reduction/evolution kinetics is highly desirable yet remains a challenge. Herein, single‐atom cadmium is reported with a Cd‐N4 coordination structure enable rapid kinetics of both the discharge and recharge process when employed as a cathode catalyst, and thus facilitates exceptional rate performance in a Li–CO2 battery, even up to 10 A g−1, and remains stable at a high current density (100 A g−1). An unprecedented discharge capacity of 160045 mAh g−1 is attained at 500 mA g−1. Excellent cycling stability is maintained for 1685 and 669 cycles at 1 A g−1 and capacities of 0.5 and 1 Ah g−1, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal low energy barriers for both Li2CO3 formation and decomposition reactions during the respective discharge and recharge process, evidencing the high catalytic activity of single Cd sites. This study provides a simple and effective avenue for developing highly active and stable single‐atom non‐precious metal cathode catalysts for advanced Li–CO2 batteries.
Self‐Powered Smart Touchpad using Novel Intrinsic Piezo–Tribo Hybrid Nanogenerator
Authors: Anithkumar Monunith , Prasanna Asokan Poorani Sathya , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Kim Sang‐Jae
Published: March 2023

Novel hybrid nanogenerators (HNG) with multifunctional materials are gaining immense interest due to their high electrical output and broad applications in the electronic industry. Intrinsic hybridization of single electrode triboelectric (SE‐TE) and piezoelectric (PE) nanogenerators (NGs), that is, double layered (DL)‐HNG can eliminate the real‐time electrical grounding issues of SE‐TE‐NG and produces high output (176.41 V, 168.1 mW m−2) due to synergistic TE–PE effects of Multifunctional Composite film (MFC). The flexible MFC films are made‐up of Cu2O‐doped 0.3Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3‐0.7BaSn0.12Ti0.88O3 nanoparticles (Cu2O‐BCST NPs), which exhibits morphotropic phase boundary along with the polydimethylsiloxane  polymer. Further, DL‐HNG scaled up to 4 × 4 matrix (using the 3D‐printed mask) can work as a flexible self‐powered trackpad (or touch) sensor to control the mouse pointer in computer or touch screen display devices.
Bio‐Inspired Differential Capillary Migration of Aqueous Liquid Metal Ink for Rapid Fabrication of High‐Precision Monolayer and Multilayer Circuits
Authors: Zhang Mingkuan , Gong Jiahao , Chang Hao , Sun Xinlong , Zhang Pan , Fu Junheng , Liu Li , Li Xiaoying , Wang Yushu , Rao Wei
Published: March 2023

Manipulating liquid metal inks to create conductive microstructures has attracted widespread interest as liquid metal microstructures are turning into influential components in flexible electronics. However, it is challenging to prevent the issues with low precision, low efficiency, and residue caused by sedimentation, free diffusion, and the Marangoni effect. Inspired by the water transport in plants, the wetting‐induced assembly method based on the differential capillary effect for liquid metal ink is created to realize the facile and rapid manufacture of liquid metal conductive microstructures. The single‐micron accuracy circuits with a minimum of ≈4 µm straight lines are fabricated to a centimeter scale. This method can also be extended to the preparation of multilayer circuits (minimum 5 µm through hole). The resulting entirely flexible stretchable circuits make it possible to construct highly stretchable devices, such as flexible transparent conductors and stretching sensors. Transparent conductors exhibit excellent mechanical (maximum ≈750% tensile rupture limit) and optoelectronic properties (the transmittance reaches ≈87% and the sheet resistance is ≈0.5 Ω/□)|making them suitable for optically‐clear electromagnetic shielding. This study offers a fresh and plain approach to solving the assembly problem of liquid metal inks, paving the way for the creation of flexible electronic devices
Enabling Superior Cycling Stability of LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 with Controllable Internal Strain
Authors: Tan Zhouliang , Chen Xiaoxuan , Li Yunjiao , Xi Xiaoming , Hao Shuaipeng , Li Xiaohui , Shen Xingjie , He Zhenjiang , Zhao Wengao , Yang Yong
Published: March 2023

Intergranular cracking of Ni‐rich layered LiNi1‐x‐yCoxMnyO2 (1‐x‐y ≥  0.8) cathode particles deteriorate the chemo–electro–mechanical stability of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), thus presenting a challenge to typical modification methods to establish robust structures with highly efficient lithium‐ion storage. Herein, the ZrTiO4 (ZTO) as an epitaxial layer to enhance mechanical stability of ultrahigh‐Ni LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) is reported for the first time. Intensive exploration from structure characterizations (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and in situ X‐ray diffraction techniques), multi‐physics field analysis, and first‐principles calculations disclose that the conformal ZTO layers and Zr doping effectively suppresses the internal strain and the release of lattice oxygen, which prodigiously restrains the local stress accumulation during whole (de)lithiation processes, thereby maintaining good mechanical stability of the materials. Meanwhile, the protective ZTO layer also prevents electrolyte erosion, thus keeping an intact surface structure of NCM90. Notably, ZTO‐modified NCM90 achieves significantly improved cyclability under high‐voltage (4.5 V) operation, expressing a 17% increase in capacity retention (71% vs 88%) after 100 cycles. Overall, this work reveals the role of internal strain in the original degradation behavior and effectiveness of surface engineering strategy to solve the challenge, emphasizing that the conformal surface protection mitigates the internal stress of Ni‐rich NCM by anchoring the lattice oxygen.
Host‐Guest Chemistry of Chiral MOFs for Multicolor Circularly Polarized Luminescence Including Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Gao Pengfu , Zhang Kun , Ren Dandan , Liu Hui , Zhang Huiju , Fu Hongru , Ma Lufang , Li Dongsheng
Published: March 2023

Exploiting the chirality transfer and amplification in the hierarchical chiral systems by the visible and accurate structures is still a challenge. Herein, a pair of homochiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) DCF‐12 and LCF‐12 with high rigidity and high porosity are synthesized via reticular chemistry. Interestingly, these two enantiomers can act as nano‐containers, in which four chromophores, covering acridine, pyrene, 9,10‐Bis(phenylvinyl) anthracene (BPEA), and coronene can be introduced by in situ encapsulation. Importantly, the precise single crystal structures of all guest‐loaded MOFs by X‐ray diffraction technique can be obtained smoothly. It not only clearly reveals the chirality transfer from chiral host framework to achiral guest emitters through space chirality transfer, but also circularly polarized luminescence can be achieved and modulated through the synergistic effect. Extraordinarily, both pyrene@DCF‐12 and pyrene@LCF‐12 exhibit fascinating multi‐color tunable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and dynamic circularly polarized luminescence. Besides, the RTP quantum yields of pyrene@DCF‐12 and pyrene@LCD‐12 are high up to 75.39% and 73.43%, which exceeds most of that of RTP materials. These results demonstrate that chiral MOFs can serve as an accurate platform to investigate the mechanism of chirality transfer and amplification and to prompt the development of CPL‐active materials.
Mechanistic Origin for High Structural Stability of Single Crystalline Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials Via Al and Sm Co‐Doping
Authors: Li Jing , Zhong Wentao , Deng Qiang , Zhang Qimeng , Lin Zhang , Yang Chenghao
Published: March 2023

Nickel‐rich layered oxides have attracted many attentions for their superior specific capacity and low cost, but they are subjected to fast structural degradation during cycling. Herein, the Al and Sm co‐doped LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.10O2 (SC‐NCM‐AS) single‐crystal is demonstrated to overcome their cycling instability issue, and its mechanistic origin for improved structural stability is investigated. It is found that soluble Al ions are homogenously incorporated in the LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.10O2 (SC‐NCM) lattice, while Sm ions tends to aggregate in the SC‐NCM outer surface layer. The Li/Ni cation disordering is greatly suppressed through the pillaring effect of stronger AlO bond in SC‐NCM single crystals. Sm‐concentrated outer surface layer can effectively prevent the dissolution of transition metals from SC‐NCM‐AS and inhibit undesirable side reactions induced by the organic electrolyte. This synergistic effect facilitates to suppress the formation of LiOH/Li2CO3 and oxygen vacancies, resulting in released the internal strain, decreased in‐plane transition metals migration and gliding, and eventually preventing formation of nanocracks in SC‐NCM‐AS single crystals upon cycling at high cut‐off voltage. Consequently, Al and Sm co‐doped SC‐NCM exhibits a high specific capacity of 222.4 mAh g−1 and remarkable cycling performance with a capacity retention of 91.1% for 100 cycles.
Enzyme‐Encapsulated Protein Trap Engineered Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Biomineral Probes for Non‐Invasive Prostate Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Yu Zhichao , Tang Juan , Gong Hexiang , Gao Yuan , Zeng Yongyi , Tang Dianping , Liu Xiaolong
Published: March 2023

A paper‐based naked‐eye recognition assay with enzyme‐encapsulated protein engineered metal–organic framework‐derived biominerals is developed for direct quantification of sarcosine in urine samples for screening of prostate cancer individuals. The detection strategy stems from the successful construction of a cascade response model, which involves the introduction of a cascade enzymatic catalytic reaction on Pt nanoparticles (NPs)‐loaded porous CeO2 by integrating a sarcosine oxidase as a special recognition unit and a chromogenic substrate as a signal molecule reporter. Pt NPs‐loaded CeO2 is subjected to a one‐step thermal treatment based on multilayered mesoporous Ce‐based metal–organic framework, and the calcined CeO2 exhibits the same distinct porous graded structure. Importantly, introduction of Pt NPs sharply enhances the peroxidase‐like activity of CeO2, which is considered to be caused by the difference in the adsorption behavior of hydrogen peroxide on the CeO2 surface and Pt/CeO2 obtained by density functional theory calculations. On the basis of this, the probe is used on a mass‐producible paper‐based working platform and 3D‐printed device to specifically screen for minor differences in sarcosine between urine samples from cancer patients and normal individuals. Enzyme‐assisted cascade catalytic reaction can be extended by replacing different recognition units for multiple analytes.
Catalyst‐Support Interactions in Zr2ON2‐Supported IrOx Electrocatalysts to Break the Trade‐Off Relationship Between the Activity and Stability in the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lee Changsoo , Shin Kihyun , Park Youngtae , Yun Young Hwa , Doo Gisu , Jung Gi Hong , Kim MinJoong , Cho Won‐Chul , Kim Chang‐Hee , Lee Hyuck Mo , Kim Hyun You , Lee Sechan , Henkelman Graeme , Cho Hyun‐Seok
Published: March 2023

The development of highly active and durable Ir‐based electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is challenging because of the corrosive anodic conditions. Herein, IrOx/Zr2ON2 electrocatalyst is demonstrated, employing Zr2ON2 as a support material, to overcome the trade‐off between the activity and stability in the OER. Zr2ON2 is selected due to its excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability, and the fact that it induces strong interactions with IrOx catalysts. As a result, IrOx/Zr2ON2 electrocatalysts exhibit outstanding OER performances, reaching an overpotential of 255 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a mass activity of 849 mA mgIr−1 at 1.55 V (vs the reversible hydrogen electrode). The activity of IrOx/Zr2ON2 is maintained at 10 mA cm−2 for 5 h, while in contrast, IrOx/ZrN and an unsupported IrOx catalyst undergo drastic degradation. Combined experimental X‐ray analyses and theoretical interpretations reveal that the reduced oxidation state of Ir and the extended IrO bond distance in IrOx/Zr2ON2 effectively increase the activity and stability of IrOx by altering reaction pathway from a conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism to a lattice oxygen‐participating mechanism. These results demonstrate that it is possible to effectively reduce the Ir content in OER catalysts through interface engineering without sacrificing the catalytic performance.
Light‐Triggered Nitric Oxide Nanogenerator with Highl‐Arginine Loading for Synergistic Photodynamic/Gas/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Shi Hui , Xiong Cheng‐Feng , Zhang Lin‐Jun , Cao Hu‐Chen , Wang Ru , Pan Pei , Guo Hai‐Yan , Liu Tao
Published: March 2023

The development of nanomedicines that combine photothermal therapy (PTT) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered promising for cancer treatment, but still faces the challenge of enhancing tumoricidal efficiency. Fortunately, apart from the well‐acknowledged effect on direct tumor cell‐killing, nitric oxide (NO) is also considered to be effective for the enhancement of both PTT and PDT. However, both the low loading efficiency of NO precursor and the short half‐life time and diffusion distance of NO hamper the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of NO. Taking the aforementioned factors into account, a mitochondria‐targeted nitric oxide nanogenerator, EArgFe@Ce6, is constructed to achieve high loading of the NO donorl‐Arginine (l‐Arg) for synergistic photodynamic/gas/photothermal therapy upon single 660 nm light irradiation. The coordination of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferric ions (Fe3+) provides EArgFe@Ce6 supreme photothermal capability to perform low‐temperature PTT (mPTT). EGCG endows EArgFe@Ce6 with mitochondria‐targeting capability and meanwhile favors hypoxia alleviation for enhanced PDT. The PDT‐produced massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) further catalyzesl‐Arg to generate a considerable amount of NO to perform gas therapy and sensitize both mPTT and PDT. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the synergistic photodynamic/gas/photothermal therapy triggered by single 660 nm light irradiation is highly effective for tumor treatments.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture within Perfusion Bioreactors Incorporating 3D‐Printed Scaffolds Enables Improved Extracellular Vesicle Yield with Preserved Bioactivity
Authors: Kronstadt Stephanie M. , Patel Divya B. , Born Louis J. , Levy Daniel , Lerman Max J. , Mahadik Bhushan , McLoughlin Shannon T. , Fasuyi Arafat , Fowlkes Lauren , Van Heyningen Lauren Hoorens , Aranda Amaya , Abadchi Sanaz Nourmohammadi , Chang Kai‐Hua , Hsu Angela Ting Wei , Bengali Sameer , Harmon John W. , Fisher John P. , Jay Steven M.
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated as promising therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles in various diseases. However, successful clinical translation will depend on the development of scalable biomanufacturing approaches, especially due to the documented low levels of intrinsic EV‐associated cargo that may necessitate repeated doses to achieve clinical benefit in certain applications. Thus, here the effects of a 3D‐printed scaffold‐perfusion bioreactor system are assessed on the production and bioactivity of EVs secreted from bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a cell type widely implicated in generating EVs with therapeutic potential. The results indicate that perfusion bioreactor culture induces an ≈40‐80‐fold increase (depending on measurement method) in MSC EV production compared to conventional cell culture. Additionally, MSC EVs generated using the perfusion bioreactor system significantly improve wound healing in a diabetic mouse model, with increased CD31+ staining in wound bed tissue compared to animals treated with flask cell culture‐generated MSC EVs. Overall, this study establishes a promising solution to a major EV translational bottleneck, with the capacity for tunability for specific applications and general improvement alongside advancements in 3D‐printing technologies.
Multifunctional Conjugated Molecular Additives for Highly Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jang Chung Hyeon , Kim Ye In , Harit Amit Kumar , Ha Jung Min , Park Sejeong , Noh Young Wook , Lee Ah‐young , Kim Kyeong Su , Jung Jae Woong , Woo Han Young , Song Myoung Hoon
Published: March 2023

Further optimization of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is impeded by crystal deformation caused by residual stress and defect formation with subsequent non‐radiative recombination. Molecular additives for defect passivation are widely studied; however, the majority have insulating properties that hinder charge injection and transport. Herein, highly efficient green‐emitting PeLEDs are reported by introducing semiconducting molecular additives (Fl‐OEGA and Fl‐C8A). Transmission electron microscopy shows that conjugated additives exist primarily at the grain boundaries of perovskite, and Kelvin probe force microscopy confirms that the variation in contact potential difference between grain boundaries and perovskite crystal domains is significantly reduced. The residual tensile stress is reduced by 13% and the activation energy for ion migration increases in the Fl‐OEGA‐treated perovskite film, compared to those of the film without additives. Compared to insulating 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)diethylamine (EDEA), the introduction of semiconducting additives prevents a significant reduction in the charge‐transport capability. Furthermore, the PeLEDs with Fl‐OEGA show a negligible shift in the turn‐on voltage and a significantly smaller decrease in the current density with increasing Fl‐OEGA compared to the devices with EDEA. Finally, the 3D CsPbBr3–PeLEDs show the highest external quantum efficiency of 21.3% by the incorporation of semiconducting Fl‐OEGA as a new multifunctional additive.