bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effects of Deuterium-Depleted Water on the Expression of GLUT4 and Insulin Resistance in the Muscle Cell Line C2C12
Authors: Kondo Masumi , Sawada Kaichiro , Matsuda Yosuke , Abe Makiko , Sanechika Noriyuki , Takanashi Yumi , Mori Yoshitaka , Kimura Moritsugu , Toyoda Masao
Published: August 2024

Deuterium-depleted water (DDW) is used in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer and diabetes. To detect the effect of DDW on gene expression and activation of the insulin-responsive transporter GLUT4 as a mechanism for improving the pathology of diabetes, we investigated the GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake at various concentrations of DDW using the myoblast cell line C2C12 differentiated into myotubes. GLUT4 gene expression significantly increased under deuterium depletion, reaching a maximum value at a deuterium concentration of approximately 50 ppm, which was approximately nine times that of natural water with a deuterium concentration of 150 ppm. GLUT4 protein also showed an increase at similar DDW concentrations. The membrane translocation of GLUT4 by insulin stimulation reached a maximum value at a deuterium concentration of approximately 50–75 ppm, which was approximately 2.2 times that in natural water. Accordingly, glucose uptake also increased by up to 2.2 times at a deuterium concentration of approximately 50 ppm. Drug-induced insulin resistance was attenuated, and the glucose uptake was four times higher in the presence of 10 ng/mL TNF-α and three times higher in the presence of 1 μg/mL resistin at a deuterium concentration of approximately 50 ppm relative to natural water. These results suggest that DDW promotes GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated activation in muscle cells and reduces insulin resistance, making it an effective treatment for diabetes.
Workflow for Maxilla/Mandible Individual [Mai®] Implant by Integra Implants—How Individual Implants Are Manufactured
Authors: Zieliński Rafał , Kołkowska Agata , Sowiński Jerzy , Konieczny Bartłomiej , Kozakiewicz Marcin , Simka Wojciech
Published: August 2024

The newest technology allows the medical industry to manufacture innovative products such as milled titanium prosthodontic parts in an implant for a screw-retained suprastructure. In the literature, there are some articles on the clinical usage of subperiosteal implants, but none of these publications, either in PubMed or Google Scholar, thoroughly describe the workflow for the design and manufacture of individual implants for maxillofacial surgery with milled threads for a screw-retained prosthodontic bridge. The aim of the article is to present a step-by-step method of producing personalized implants, from the first steps of production to the implantation of the final product. The article includes information on patient qualification for surgery, computational preparation and skull printing, planning of Mai Implants®, meshing, 3D printing and milling, cleaning, rinsing, anodizing, and laser marking, as well as the cleaning and sterilization process in a hospital or dental clinic. A detailed description of implant production allows for the analysis of each step and the development of technology. The production of implants is an expensive procedure, but considering all the advantages of the Mai Implants® treatment and the disadvantages of alternatives, the product is worth the price.
Blood and Serum Se and Zn Levels and 10-Year Survival of Patients after a Diagnosis of Kidney Cancer
Authors: Złowocka-Perłowska Elżbieta , Baszuk Piotr , Marciniak Wojciech , Derkacz Róża , Tołoczko-Grabarek Aleksandra , Słojewski Marcin , Lemiński Artur , Soczawa Michał , Matuszczak Milena , Kiljańczyk Adam , Scott Rodney J. , Lubiński Jan
Published: August 2024

The aim of the project was to evaluate the association between selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) levels in blood and serum and kidney cancer mortality. In a prospective group of 284 consecutive, unselected patients with kidney cancer, we evaluated their 10-year survival rate in relation to the levels of Se and Zn in their blood and serum. Micronutrient levels were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Patients were divided into quartiles based on the distribution of Se and Zn levels arranged in increasing order. The following variables were taken into account in the multivariable models: age at diagnosis, gender, smoking, type of surgery and histopathological examination results. We observed a statistically significant association of all-cause mortality when subgroups with low blood selenium levels were compared to patients with high selenium levels (HR = 7.74; p < 0.001). We found, in addition, that this correlation was much stronger when only men were assessed (HR = 11.6; p < 0.001). We did not find a statistically significant association for zinc alone. When we combined selenium and zinc levels (SeQI-ZnQI vs. SeQIV-ZnQIV), we observed the hazard ratio for kidney cancer death to be 12.4; p = 0.016. For patients in the highest quartile of blood zinc/selenium ratio, compared to those in the lowest, the HR was 2.53; p = 0.008. Our study suggests that selenium levels, combined selenium and zinc levels (SeQI-ZnQI vs. SeQIV-ZnQIV) and zinc-to-selenium ratio (Zn/Se) are attractive targets for clinical trials aimed at improving the survival of kidney cancer patients.
Circadian Interventions in Preclinical Models of Huntington’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dell’Angelica Derek , Singh Karan , Colwell Christopher S. , Ghiani Cristina A.
Published: August 2024

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an autosomal-dominant mutation in the huntingtin gene, which manifests with a triad of motor, cognitive and psychiatric declines. Individuals with HD often present with disturbed sleep/wake cycles, but it is still debated whether altered circadian rhythms are intrinsic to its aetiopathology or a consequence. Conversely, it is well established that sleep/wake disturbances, perhaps acting in concert with other pathophysiological mechanisms, worsen the impact of the disease on cognitive and motor functions and are a burden to the patients and their caretakers. Currently, there is no cure to stop the progression of HD, however, preclinical research is providing cementing evidence that restoring the fluctuation of the circadian rhythms can assist in delaying the onset and slowing progression of HD. Here we highlight the application of circadian-based interventions in preclinical models and provide insights into their potential translation in clinical practice. Interventions aimed at improving sleep/wake cycles’ synchronization have shown to improve motor and cognitive deficits in HD models. Therefore, a strong support for their suitability to ameliorate HD symptoms in humans emerges from the literature, albeit with gaps in our knowledge on the underlying mechanisms and possible risks associated with their implementation.
Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Di Martino Alberto , Valtetsiotis Konstantinos , Rossomando Valentino , Brunello Matteo , Bordini Barbara , D’Agostino Claudio , Ruta Federico , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare
Published: August 2024

The scientific literature suggests that, if periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is not treated, it may have a negative impact on the results of a total hip replacement and possibly result in failure. This systematic review aimed to determine the efficacy of using bisphosphonates preventatively to limit PPO after a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PICOS template was developed to ensure a structured approach. A search for relevant studies was performed across four databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane. They were all last searched on March 1st and were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised studies. Results: The final analysis included seven studies with a total of 126 study group participants and 144 control group participants. The studies looked at Bony Mass Density in terms of bone loss on Gruen’s femoral zones after THA in a bisphosphonate (treatment) and control group (placebo/no treatment). The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in favour of the bisphosphonate group in many of the included studies at 6, 12, and 24 postoperative months. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis, using the most recent applicable studies, showed the efficacy of bisphosphonates in limiting periprosthetic osteolysis after THA in a period between 6 and 24 postoperative months. Future studies should focus increasing group sizes and collecting results beyond the 2-year mark.
Retinochoroidal Vascular Changes in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetic Patients Assessed by Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Sopeña-Pinilla Maria , Orduna-Hospital Elvira , Diaz-Barreda Maria D. , Boned-Murillo Ana , Fernandez-Espinosa Guisela , Arias-Alvarez Marta , Acha-Perez Javier , Sanchez-Cano Ana , Pinilla Isabel
Published: August 2024

To study retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in long-term type 1 diabetic (DM1) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Seventy-eight eyes from 78 well-controlled DM1 patients diagnosed at least 15 years prior and 130 eyes of 130 healthy subjects were included in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Six eyes were excluded from the DM1 group. OCTA with Deep Range Imaging (DRI)-Triton swept source (SS)-OCT was performed. Statistically significant differences were found in all areas of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), with lower values in DM1 patients. Differences were noted in all quadrants of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) except for the central area. Significant changes in CC blood flow were only found in the center. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and diameters in the SCP were significantly different, while the DCP FAZ area was similar in both groups. Disease duration and microalbuminuria correlated negatively with some SCP areas and positively with FAZ values. Anatomical evaluation revealed microaneurysms in both plexuses, FAZ modifications, and areas lacking blood perfusion. Long-term type 1 diabetic patients without DR display microvascular abnormalities affecting retinal and CC blood perfusion, along with anatomical changes in retinal blood vessels.
Nusinersen Improves Motor Function in Type 2 and 3 Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients across Time
Authors: Cavaloiu Bogdana , Simina Iulia-Elena , Vilciu Crisanda , Trăilă Iuliana-Anamaria , Puiu Maria
Published: August 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene, leading to motor neuron degeneration and muscle atrophy, affecting multiple organ systems. Nusinersen treatment targets gene expression and is expected to enhance the motor function of voluntary muscles in the limbs and trunk. Motor skills can be assessed through specific scales like the Revised Upper Limb Module Scale (RULM) and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE). This study aims to evaluate the influence of nusinersen on the motor skills of patients with SMA Type 2 and 3 using real-world data collected over 54 months. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 37 SMA patients treated with nusinersen, analyzing data with R statistical software. The outcomes revealed significant improvements in motor functions, particularly in SMA Type 3 patients with higher RULM and HFSME scores. Additionally, GEE analysis identified time, type, age, and exon deletions as essential predictors of motor score improvements. The extended observation period is both a major strength and a limitation of this research, as the dropout rates could present challenges in interpretation. Variability in responses, influenced by genetic background, SMA type, and onset age, highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches.
Prognostic Value of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Shi Ke , Bi Yufei , Wang Xiaojing , Li Yanqiu , Zeng Xuanwei , Feng Ying , Wang Xianbo
Published: August 2024

Overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), a serious complication of liver cirrhosis, is associated with alterations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. We evaluated the correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and transplant-free (TF) mortality in patients with OHE. Patients with OHE admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 2010 and August 2016 (n = 821) and between September 2016 and December 2020 (n = 480) were included in the training and validation sets, respectively. Independent predictors were explored by a multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the prognostic value of these factors. The prognostic value of HDL-C was good (AUC at 1 year: 0.745) and was equivalent to that of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (AUC at 1 year: 0.788). The optimal threshold values for HDL-C and MELD were 0.5 mmol/L and 17, respectively. The 1-year TF mortality rates in the low-risk (HDL-C ≥ 0.5 mmol/L and MELD < 17) and high-risk (HDL-C < 0.5 mmol/L and MELD ≥ 17) groups were 7.5% and 51.5% in the training set and 10.1% and 48.2% in the validation set, respectively. HDL-C level < 0.5 mmol/L and MELD score > 17 can facilitate the identification of high-risk patients and provide a basis for timely treatment.
What Remote PPG Oximetry Tells Us about Pulsatile Volume?
Authors: Saiko Gennadi
Published: August 2024

While pulse oximetry using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is used in medicine and consumer health, sound theoretical foundations for this methodology are not established. Similarly to traditional pulse oximetry, rPPG oximetry uses two wavelengths to calculate the tissue oxygenation using the so-called ratio-of-ratios, R. However, the relationship between R and tissue oxygenation has not been derived analytically. As such, rPPG oximetry relies mostly on empirical methods. This article aimed to build theoretical foundations for pulse oximetry in rPPG geometry. Using the perturbation approach in diffuse approximation for light propagation in tissues, we obtained an explicit expression of the AC/DC ratio for the rPPG signal. Based on this ratio, the explicit expression for “ratio-of-ratios” was obtained. We have simulated the dependence of “ratio-of-ratios” on arterial blood saturation across a wide range (SaO2 = 70–100%) for several commonly used R/IR light sources (660/780, 660/840, 660/880, and 660/940 nm) and found that the obtained relationship can be modeled by linear functions with an extremely good fit (R2 = 0.98–0.99) for all considered R/IR pairs. Moreover, the location of the pulsatile volume can be extracted from rPPG data. From experimental data, we found that the depth of blood pulsations in the human forehead can be estimated as 0.6 mm on the arterial side, which points to the papillary dermis/subpapillary vascular plexus origin of the pulsatile volume.
Effects of L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate on Angiogenesis and Perfusion in Subacute Hind Limb Ischemia: Preliminary Study
Authors: Jung Sanghoon , Park Ye Jin , Jeon Jiwon , Kim Kyuseok
Published: August 2024

The current treatment options for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are limited due to a lack of significant high-level evidence to inform clinical decisions and unfavorable outcomes in terms of cost-effectiveness and amputation rates. In order to suggest the use of the commercially available L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate (LOLA) for treating PAD, we induced hind limb ischemia (HLI) by unilaterally ligating the femoral artery in a rat model. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, with seven rats assigned to each group: group 1 (control), group 2 (sorbitol), and group 3 (LOLA). Intraperitoneal injections were administered five times on post-operative days (PODs) 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12. Perfusion imaging was conducted on PODs 7 and 14 and compared to pre-operative perfusion imaging. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were performed after the final perfusion imaging. Group 3 showed a significant increase in perfusion, high CD31-positive capillary lumen density, and substantial overexpression of VEGF in the ischemic limb during the subacute phase of HLI. In conclusion, this study provides the first documented evidence of angiogenesis and perfusion recovery in the subacute phase of the HLI model following the administration of LOLA. With LOLA readily available on the commercial market, the implementation of LOLA treatment for PAD in humans can be expedited compared to other therapies still in the developmental stage.
Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: New Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Calzavara-Pinton Irene , Nibbio Gabriele , Barlati Stefano , Bertoni Lorenzo , Necchini Nicola , Zardini Daniela , Baglioni Antonio , Paolini Stefano , Poddighe Laura , Bulgari Viola , Lisoni Jacopo , Deste Giacomo , Vita Antonio
Published: August 2024

Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) represents one of the core features of the disorder and has a significant impact on functional and rehabilitation outcomes of people living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The aim of this critical review is to highlight the most recent evidence on effective treatments available for CIAS, to discuss the current challenges in this field, and to present future perspectives that may help to overcome them. Concerning psychopharmacological approaches, among the most indicated strategies for the management and prevention of CIAS is to favor second-generation antipsychotic medications and avoid long-term and high-dose treatments with anticholinergic medications and benzodiazepines. Moreover, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive remediation and physical exercise-based programs represent evidence-based interventions in the treatment of CIAS that have shown reliable evidence of effectiveness on both cognitive and functional outcomes. These treatments, however, are still delivered to people accessing mental health services with a diagnosis of CIAS in an uneven manner, even in high-income countries. Academic and clinical partnership and collaboration, as well as advocacy from service users, families, carers, and stakeholders’ organizations could help to reduce the bench to bedside gap in the treatment of CIAS. Future perspectives include the development of novel pharmacological agents that could be effective in the treatment of CIAS, the implementation of novel technologies such as telemedicine and virtual reality in the delivery of evidence-based interventions to improve accessibility and engagement, and further research in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation.
Tennis Coaches’ Self-Determined Motivation and Achievement Goals: Links between Coach-Created Motivational Climate, Work Engagement, and Well-Being
Authors: Kiamouri Aristea , Angeli Maria , Krommidas Charalampos , Digelidis Nikolaos , Karatrantou Konstantina
Published: August 2024

Tennis coaches display significant influence, catalyzing changes in athlete performance, motivation, and overall well-being. Research on coaches’ motivations and their impact on coaching style, work, and well-being is limited, especially in individual sports like tennis. Based on self-determination (SDT) and achievement goal (AGT) theories, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationships of coaches’ self-determined motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation), basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, relatedness, and competence), and achievement goals (self-improvement—SI, self-enhancement—SE, self-transcendence—ST) with their coach-created empowering-disempowering motivational climate, work engagement, and well-being (subjective vitality). Participants were 106 tennis coaches from Greece (66 males and 40 females), with an average age of 41.30 ± 12.54 years and coaching experience ranging from six months to 40 years. Data was collected through online questionnaires. Correlation analysis revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs, and achievement goals were found to be positively related to an empowering climate, work engagement, and subjective vitality. Coaches’ amotivation was positively related to a disempowering climate. Multiple regression analyses showed that autonomy and ST achievement goals significantly predicted tennis coaches’ empowering motivational climate, while none of the independent variables were significant predictors of the disempowering motivational climate. Additionally, intrinsic motivation and ST goal significantly predicted tennis coaches’ work engagement, while autonomy and ST goal significantly predicted their subjective vitality. It is advisable for forthcoming coach education initiatives to consider these findings as an additional justification for tennis coaches to incorporate multiple perspectives into their coaching methodologies.
A Compendium of Research, Tools, Structural Analysis, and Design for Bamboo Structures
Authors: Muhammad Nurwin Adam G. , Orejudos Jerson N. , Aniñon Mary Joanne C.
Published: August 2024

Bamboo is known for its ability to grow at a high speed, with strong sustainability indicators and remarkable strength properties. However, despite these qualities, the practice of designing bamboo structures is still in its early stages in many regions. This paper aims to review the current approaches to structural analysis and design for bamboo structures as found in the existing literature. Through this comprehensive review, this study seeks to identify existing research gaps and areas that require further exploration. The limited design philosophy for bamboo structures can be attributed to the scarcity of studies on the characteristics and mechanics of bamboo material. These findings highlight the necessity for more comprehensive guidelines and standards to enhance the structural analysis and design of bamboo structures. This study identifies gaps in the following areas: lack of consideration for bamboo fiber distribution, lack of guidelines for load parameters specific to bamboo structures, inadequate coverage of bamboo culm connections, inadequate coverage on connection stiffness, limited scope on connection types, and species-specific limitations in standards.
Estimation of the Reduction Coefficient When Calculating the Seismic Resistance of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Building after a Fire
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot , Kabantsev Oleg , Matseevich Tatiana , Chernik Vladimir
Published: August 2024

The consequences of destructive earthquakes show that the problem of analyzing the response of reinforced concrete frames under seismic loads after a fire is relevant. The calculation models used for individual elements and buildings as a whole must take into account the nonlinear properties of concrete and reinforcement. In the spectral calculation method, the nonlinear properties of materials are taken into account by introducing a reduction coefficient to the elastic spectrum. When determining the reduction coefficient, a common deformation criterion is based on the use of the plasticity coefficient. The seismic resistance of a three-span, five-story reinforced concrete frame under four different fire exposure options is considered. The residual strength and stiffness of frame elements after a fire is assessed by performing a thermal engineering calculation in the SOLIDWORKS software for a standard fire. For the central sections of the elements, the highest temperatures were obtained after heating—during the cooling stage. The reduction coefficient is estimated by performing a nonlinear static analysis of reinforced concrete frames in OpenSees and constructing load-bearing capacity curves. Fracture patterns and damage levels in plastic hinges are analyzed. Based on the numerical modeling of reinforced concrete frames after exposure to fire, it was revealed that the most dangerous scenario is the occurrence of a fire on the first floor of the building. Based on the obtained plasticity coefficients, reduction coefficients were determined in the range of 2.62 to 2.44. The influence of fire on the permissible damage coefficient of a reinforced concrete frame is assessed using the coefficient φK—the coefficient of additional damage after a fire, which is equal to the ratio of the reduction coefficients for the control and fire-damaged frames. Depending on the percentage of damaged structures on the first floor, the following values were obtained: 50% or less—φK = 1.09; 100%—φK = 1.17. The obtained coefficients are recommended to be used when assessing the seismic resistance of a reinforced concrete frame after a local fire.
Artificial Neural Network Application in Construction and the Built Environment: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kaushik Amit Kant , Islam Rubina , Elbahy Salma , Arif Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of various technologies in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector. Artificial intelligence has played a significant role throughout the different phases of the design and construction process. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of artificial neural network applications in numerous areas of the construction industry and the built environment, presenting a need to explore the main research themes, attributes, benefits, and challenges. A three-step extensive research method was utilized by conducting a bibliometric search of English language articles and conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses. The bibliometric analysis aimed to identify the current research directions and gaps forming future research areas. The scientometric analysis of keywords revealed diverse areas within the construction industry linked to ANNs. The qualitative analysis of the selected literature revealed that energy management in buildings and construction cost predictions were the leading research topics in the study area. These findings recommend directions for further research in the field, for example, broadening the application ranges of ANNs in the current Construction 4.0 technologies, such as robotics, 3D printing, digital twins, and VR applications.
Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube Technology: Bridging the Gap from Fundamental Science to Wide Applications
Authors: Tao Zhizhi , Zhao Yuqiong , Wang Ying , Zhang Guojie
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotubes, as carbon allotropes distinguished by their intricate structures and exceptional physicochemical properties, have demonstrated substantial progress in recent years across diverse domains, including energy production, chemical synthesis, and environmental preservation. They exhibit notable attributes such as high thermal stability, superior adsorption capacity, and a substantial specific surface area, rendering them superb catalyst supports. Particularly in electrochemical energy storage, CNTs are extensively employed in supercapacitor electrodes owing to their elevated electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and electrocatalytic prowess, which facilitate significant energy storage capabilities. Their intricate pore architecture and reactive sites make functionalized carbon nanotubes well suited for synthesizing composite materials with diverse components, which are ideal for sequestering carbon dioxide from both atmospheric and indoor environments. This review presents a comprehensive examination of carbon nanotube synthesis methodologies, encompassing chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge, and laser ablation, and evaluates their impacts on the structural and functional properties of carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, this article underscores the applications of carbon nanotubes in fields such as fuel cells, photocatalysis, ammonia synthesis, dry methane reforming, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and supercapacitors. Despite the considerable potential of carbon nanotubes, their manufacturing processes remain intricate and costly, impeding large-scale industrial production. This review concludes by addressing the challenges in fabricating carbon nanotube composites and outlining future development prospects.
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Eating and Feeding Disorder Patients: Characteristics and Clinical Implications in a Group of Referred Female Adolescents
Authors: Sesso Gianluca , Mazzullo Cristina , Valente Elena , Ditaranto Francesca , Fantozzi Pamela , Belmonti Vittorio , Berloffa Stefano , Placini Francesca , Tancredi Raffaella , Masi Gabriele , Milone Annarita
Published: August 2024

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and Feeding or Eating Disorders (FEDs) often coexist during adolescence with reciprocal influences on their clinical picture. The present study aimed to identify differences and similarities in the clinical presentation of young patients with both conditions compared to those with the two non-comorbid disorders. Methods: We consecutively recruited forty-five female patients aged between 11 and 18 at our third-level hospital and subdivided them into three groups (NSSI: n = 15; FED: n = 15; NSSI + FED: n = 15). Patients underwent a full clinical assessment. Results: Based on our results, the NSSI + FED group was characterized by higher rates of binging/purging behaviors, greater prevalence of Cyclothymic Disorder, and a more severe clinical presentation compared to the non-comorbid groups. Moreover, higher levels of suicidal ideation were found in the NSSI + FED group. Pharmacological treatment patterns also differed, with SSRI being prescribed more frequently to NSSI + FED patients while mood stabilizers were prescribed more frequently to NSSI ones. A Principal Component Analysis identified four main dimensions: “Body Image” impairment was more pronounced in NSSI + FED patients, indicating negative attitudes towards their own body; “Metacognition” deficits were higher in NSSI than FED. Conclusions: The present study underscores distinctive clinical features in patients with comorbid NSSI and FED, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored intervention strategies focusing on specific symptom domains.
Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Health Outcomes of Parents in the First Six Months after Childhood Critical Illness: A Prospective Single Centre Study
Authors: Poh Pei-Fen , Lee Jan Hau , Sultana Rehena , Manning Joseph C. , Carey Matthew C. , Latour Jos M.
Published: August 2024

Childhood critical illness can have long-term effects on families, but the extent and trajectory of recovery for parents are unknown. Using prospective longitudinal design, we describe the health outcomes of parents and their trajectory six months after paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge. Parents reported health outcomes at PICU discharge (baseline), and 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-discharge. We used the Pediatric Quality-of-Life Family Impact Module, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5. The group-based trajectory model was used to identify recovery patterns. We included 128 parents of children aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted to the PICU for ≥48 h. Three post-discharge composite health trajectory groups were classified: 54 mild (42%), 68 moderate (53%), and 6 severe (4%). Parents in the mild and moderate groups returned to baseline health within the first 3 months, but those in the severe group exhibited worse outcomes at 6-months. The mean (SD) PICU stay durations for mild, moderate, and severe groups were 9 (16), 7 (10), and 38 (61) days; days of mechanical ventilation were 4 (5), 4 (7), and 18 (25) days; and readmission rates were 12 (22%), 23 (34%), and 4 (66%), respectively. Identifying these trajectories enables novel, targeted interventions for at-risk parents, underscoring the significance of integrated PICU follow-up care.
Child and Family Outcomes and Experiences Related to Family-Centered Care Interventions for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hodgson Christine R. , Mehra Renee , Franck Linda S.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Family-centered care (FCC) is the recommended model for pediatric inpatient care. Our overall aim was to conduct a narrative synthesis of the contemporary published research on the effectiveness of FCC interventions for pediatric inpatients. Our specific objective was to critique studies of inpatient pediatric FCC interventions that evaluated child or parent outcomes. Methods: We searched five databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science) for peer-reviewed research published from 1 January 2017 to 6 February 2024. Independent reviewers evaluated each study based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, then extracted and narratively synthesized the data. Results: We found 16 studies of 15 interventions conducted in six countries. The studies were quantitative (n = 11), qualitative (n = 3), and mixed methods (n = 2), with most designs being of low to moderate quality based on a modified Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Interventions included family-centered rounds, parent-focused health information technology, education, patient navigation, parent–peer support, partnership, and parent participation in caregiving. Most studies found significant improvements in parents’ well-being, knowledge, and participation, as well as decreased stress and anxiety with the FCC interventions compared to usual care. One study found no differences in child outcomes (infant feeding, length of stay) between usual care and a parent-participation intervention. Conclusions: Although FCC interventions led to many improved outcomes for parents, there were few well-designed comparison studies using validated tools and well-defined interventions. Higher quality research is needed to promote greater uptake and sustainability of FCC interventions globally.
Hypomyelination Leukodystrophy 16 (HLD16)-Associated Mutation p.Asp252Asn of TMEM106B Blunts Cell Morphological Differentiation
Authors: Sawaguchi Sui , Ishida Miki , Miyamoto Yuki , Yamauchi Junji
Published: August 2024

Transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), which is a type II transmembrane protein, is believed to be involved in intracellular dynamics and morphogenesis in the lysosome. TMEM106B is known to be a risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration and has been recently identified as the receptor needed for the entry of SARS-CoV-2, independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A missense mutation, p.Asp252Asn, of TMEM106B is associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 16 (HLD16), which is an oligodendroglial cell-related white matter disorder causing thin myelin sheaths or myelin deficiency in the central nervous system (CNS). However, it remains to be elucidated how the mutated TMEM106B affects oligodendroglial cells. Here, we show that the TMEM106B mutant protein fails to exhibit lysosome distribution in the FBD-102b cell line, an oligodendroglial precursor cell line undergoing differentiation. In contrast, wild-type TMEM106B was indeed localized in the lysosome. Cells harboring wild-type TMEM106B differentiated into ones with widespread membranes, whereas cells harboring mutated TMEM106B failed to differentiate. It is of note that the output of signaling through the lysosome-resident mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) was greatly decreased in cells harboring mutated TMEM106B. Furthermore, treatment with hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid known as an activator of mTOR signaling, restored the molecular and cellular phenotypes induced by the TMEM106B mutant protein. These findings suggest the potential pathological mechanisms underlying HLD16 and their amelioration.
The Role of Estrogen across Multiple Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Xiang Xiuting , Palasuberniam Praneetha , Pare Rahmawati
Published: August 2024

Estrogen is a significant hormone that is involved in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. In addition to its pivotal role in the reproductive system, estrogen is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Nevertheless, previous research on the role of estrogen in a multitude of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, and estrogen-dependent cancers, has concentrated on a single disease area, resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of cross-disease mechanisms. This has brought some challenges to the current treatment methods for these diseases, because estrogen as a potential therapeutic tool has not yet fully developed its potential. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively explore the mechanism of estrogen in these seven types of diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between each disease and estrogen, including the ways in which estrogen participates in regulating disease mechanisms, and to outline the efficacy of estrogen in treating these diseases in clinical practice. By studying the role of estrogen in a variety of disease mechanisms, it is hoped that a more accurate theoretical basis and clinical guidance for future treatment strategies will be provided, thus promoting the effective management and treatment of these diseases.
African Swine Fever Virus Immunosuppression and Virulence-Related Gene
Authors: Huang Tao , Li Fangtao , Xia Yingju , Zhao Junjie , Zhu Yuanyuan , Liu Yebing , Qian Yingjuan , Zou Xingqi
Published: August 2024

African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly contagious pathogen characterized by a complex structure and a variety of immunosuppression proteins, causes hemorrhagic, acute, and aggressive infectious disease that severely injures the pork products and industry. However, there is no effective vaccine or treatment. The main reasons are not only the complex mechanisms that lead to immunosuppression but also the unknown functions of various proteins. This review summarizes the interaction between ASFV and the host immune system, along with the involvement of virulence-related genes and proteins, as well as the corresponding molecular mechanism of immunosuppression of ASFV, encompassing pathways such as cGAS-STING, nuclear factor kappa–light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus Kinase (JAK) and JAK Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT), apoptosis, and other modulation. The aim is to summarize the dynamic process during ASFV infection and entry into the host cell, provide a rational insight into development of a vaccine, and provide a better clear knowledge of how ASFV impacts the host.
Machine-Learning-Enabled Diagnostics with Improved Visualization of Disease Lesions in Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Rahman Md Fashiar , Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill) , Pokojovy Michael , McCaffrey Peter , Walser Eric , Moen Scott , Vo Alex , Ho Johnny C.
Published: August 2024

The class activation map (CAM) represents the neural-network-derived region of interest, which can help clarify the mechanism of the convolutional neural network’s determination of any class of interest. In medical imaging, it can help medical practitioners diagnose diseases like COVID-19 or pneumonia by highlighting the suspicious regions in Computational Tomography (CT) or chest X-ray (CXR) film. Many contemporary deep learning techniques only focus on COVID-19 classification tasks using CXRs, while few attempt to make it explainable with a saliency map. To fill this research gap, we first propose a VGG-16-architecture-based deep learning approach in combination with image enhancement, segmentation-based region of interest (ROI) cropping, and data augmentation steps to enhance classification accuracy. Later, a multi-layer Gradient CAM (ML-Grad-CAM) algorithm is integrated to generate a class-specific saliency map for improved visualization in CXR images. We also define and calculate a Severity Assessment Index (SAI) from the saliency map to quantitatively measure infection severity. The trained model achieved an accuracy score of 96.44% for the three-class CXR classification task, i.e., COVID-19, pneumonia, and normal (healthy patients), outperforming many existing techniques in the literature. The saliency maps generated from the proposed ML-GRAD-CAM algorithm are compared with the original Gran-CAM algorithm.
The Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)
Authors: Ko Yui Yin , Yang Wei-Fa , Leung Yiu Yan
Published: August 2024

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a debilitating condition associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications that are frequently used in treating osteoporosis and cancers. With the ability to produce high-resolution images with a lower radiation dose, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an emerging technology in maxillofacial imaging that offers several advantages in evaluating MRONJ. This review aims to summarise the radiological features of MRONJ as observed via CBCT and highlight its advantages over two-dimensional plain films in assessing MRONJ. CBCT has the capability to detect early MRONJ lesions, characterise the extent and nature of lesions, distinguish MRONJ from other osseous pathologies, and assist in treatment planning. By leveraging the advantages of CBCT, clinicians can enhance their understanding of MRONJ, improve decision making, and ultimately optimize patient care.
Evaluation of Clinical Variables Affecting Myocardial Glucose Uptake in Cardiac FDG PET
Authors: Lee Yeongjoo , Jang Jaehyuk , Lim Sungmin , Na Sae Jung
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Cardiac 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is widely used to assess myocardial viability in patients with ischemic heart disease. While sufficient glucose uptake is a prerequisite for accurate interpretation of cardiac viability, there are a lack of data on which clinical variables have the most significant impact on myocardial glucose metabolism. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate several clinical variables that could affect myocardial glucose metabolism. Methods: A total of 214 consecutive cases were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All subjects received 250 mg of acipimox and underwent glucose loading as preparation for cardiac FDG PET/CT. Three-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on PET/CT fusion images. Myocardial glucose uptake ratio (MGUR = SUVmax of LV myocardium/SUVmean of liver) was then calculated. Multiple clinical variables including body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels at different times, administered insulin dosage, lipid profiles, and ejection fraction were measured and analyzed for correlation with myocardial glucose uptake. After dichotomizing the subjects based on a BMI of 25, each group’s MGUR was compared. Results: Myocardial uptake showed significant correlations with BMI (r = −0.162, p = 0.018), HbA1c (r = −0.150, p = 0.030), and triglyceride levels (r = −0.137, p = 0.046). No other clinical variables showed a significant correlation with myocardial glucose uptake. After multiple linear regression analysis, BMI (p = 0.032) and HbA1c (p = 0.050) showed a correlation with MGUR. In group analysis, after dividing patients based on BMI, the obese group showed significantly lower myocardial uptake than the non-obese group (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Among several clinical variables, BMI and HbA1c levels were related to myocardial glucose uptake. A prospective study would be needed to examine whether a protocol that additionally considers BMI and HbA1c levels is necessary for the current cardiac FDG PET protocol.
Imaging of Carotid Stenosis: Where Are We Standing? Comparison of Multiparametric Ultrasound, CT Angiography, and MRI Angiography, with Recent Developments
Authors: David Emanuele , Grazhdani Hektor , Aliotta Lorenzo , Gavazzi Livio Maria , Foti Pietro Valerio , Palmucci Stefano , Inì Corrado , Tiralongo Francesco , Castiglione Davide , Renda Maurizio , Pacini Patrizia , Di Bella Chiara , Solito Carmen , Gigli Silvia , Fazio Alessandro , Bella Rita , Basile Antonio , Cantisani Vito
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries is a crucial risk factor in predicting the likelihood of future stroke events. In addition, emerging studies suggest that carotid stenosis may also be an indicator of plaque load on coronary arteries and thus have a correlation with the risk of acute cardiovascular events. Furthermore, although in symptomatic patients the degree of stenosis is the main morphological parameter studied, recent evidence suggests, especially in asymptomatic patients, that plaque vulnerability should also be evaluated as an emerging and significant imaging parameter. The reference diagnostic methods for the evaluation of carotid stenosis are currently ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). In addition, other more invasive methods such as 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy and PET-CT, as well as digital subtraction angiography, can be used. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, and there is often some confusion in their use. For example, the usefulness of MRI is often underestimated. In addition, implementations for each method have been developed over the years and are already enabling a significant increase in diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of our study is to make an in-depth analysis of all the methods in use and in particular their role in the diagnostic procedure of carotid stenosis, also discussing new technologies.
Assessment and Management of Maxillary Labial Frenum—A Scoping Review
Authors: Kinney Ryan , Burris Richard C. , Moffat Ryan , Almpani Konstantinia
Published: August 2024

Background: The maxillary labial frenum (MLF) is a soft tissue fold connecting the upper lip to the alveolar process. Abnormal attachment can cause periodontal, functional, and esthetic problems. Differential diagnosis is important and can prevent unnecessary interventions. This study aims to summarize the current evidence on the assessment and management of abnormal MLF. Methods: A thorough review of the literature was conducted. Five online databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed human studies. Article screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Information about article type, study design, participants’ characteristics, interventions, and outcomes was extracted and synthesized. Results: 52 articles met the review criteria. MLF is a dynamic structure characterized by a wide normal morphological variation. MLF assessment in infants has not been standardized. Studies in pre-adolescents reported a change in the thickness and position of the MLF observed over time, resulting in a lower prevalence of abnormal MLF morphology. Studies in adolescents and adults reported variable differential diagnosis criteria. Lasers appear as the most advantageous frenectomy modality. Conclusions: There is a need for more objective MLF diagnostic protocols and treatment guidelines, which could prevent unnecessary surgical interventions.