bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energetics of Technical Integration of 2‐Propanol Fuel Cells: Thermodynamic and Current and Future Technical Feasibility
Authors: Braun Katharina , Wolf Moritz , De Oliveira Ana , Preuster Patrick , Wasserscheid Peter , Thiele Simon , Weiß Lukas , Wensing Michael
Published: June 2022

2‐Propanol/acetone is a promising liquid organic hydrogen carrier system for fuel cell reactions. Herein, six different concepts for a 2‐propanol/acetone fuel cell system are evaluated in MATLAB simulation with respect to their thermodynamic integration and technical feasibility. Four of the concepts use a direct 2‐propanol fuel cell while the other two first release molecular hydrogen from 2‐propanol and subsequently use a hydrogen fuel cell. The presented liquid phase 2‐propanol fuel cell concept is thermodynamically feasible but cannot be realized technically using commercial Nafion membranes, due to membrane dissolution by the 2‐propanol/acetone/water fuel mixture. Gaseous 2‐propanol fuel cells imply a high heating requirement for the evaporation of the fuel. A direct high‐temperature fuel cell using 2‐propanol is thermodynamically feasible because there is less water in the overall system but is not technically feasible because of the esterification of phosphoric acid. A very interesting option is the conversion of gaseous 2‐propanol to pressurized hydrogen in an electrochemical pumping step followed by a hydrogen fuel cell, because here the waste heat of a sufficiently hot hydrogen fuel cell can drive the 2‐propanol evaporation.
Spatio‐temporal discretization uncertainty of distributed hydrological models
Authors: Markhali Siavash P. , Poulin Annie , Boucher Marie‐Amélie
Published: June 2022

Quantifying the uncertainty linked to the degree to which the spatio‐temporal variability of the catchment descriptors (CDs), and consequently calibration parameters (CPs), represented in the distributed hydrology models and its impacts on the simulation of flooding events is the main objective of this paper. Here, we introduce a methodology based on ensemble approach principles to characterize the uncertainties of spatio‐temporal variations. We use two distributed hydrological models (water balance simulation model and Hydrotel) and six catchments with different sizes and characteristics, located in southern Quebec, to address this objective. We calibrate the models across four spatial (100, 250, 500 and 1000 m2) and two temporal (3 and 24 h) resolutions. Afterwards, all combinations of CDs‐CPs pairs are fed to the hydrological models to create an ensemble of simulations for characterizing the uncertainty related to the spatial resolution of the modelling, for each catchment. The catchments are further grouped into large (>1000 km2), medium (between 500 and 1000 km2) and small (<500 km2) to examine multiple hypotheses. The ensemble approach shows a significant degree of uncertainty (over 100% error for estimation of extreme streamflow) linked to the spatial discretization of the modelling. Regarding the role of CDs, results show that first, there is no meaningful link between the uncertainty of the spatial discretization and catchment size, as spatio‐temporal discretization uncertainty can be seen across different catchment sizes. Second, the temporal scale plays only a minor role in determining the uncertainty related to spatial discretization. Third, the more physically representative a model is, the more sensitive it is to changes in spatial resolution. Finally, the uncertainty related to model parameters is larger than that of CDs for most of the catchments. Yet, there are exceptions for which a change in spatio‐temporal resolution can alter the distribution of state and flux variables, change the hydrologic response of the catchments and cause large uncertainties.
Fabrication of a visible‐light‐driven p‐type NiWO4/n‐type SnO2 heterojunction with efficient photocatalytic activity for degradation of Amaranth
Authors: Kamaraj Eswaran , Lee Yong Rok , Balasubramani Kavitha
Published: June 2022

In this study, n‐type SnO2 was synthesized and modified with p‐type NiWO4 to create a new NiWO4/SnO2 p–n heterojunction photocatalyst for effective organic dye degradation (Amaranth). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis were all used to evaluate the synthesized materials. Through its internal electric field and strong driving force, the composite photocatalyst with p–n heterojunction considerably enhances charge generation and suppresses photogenerated electron–hole recombination, which would be beneficial to boost their photocatalytic performance. At 180 min, the NiWO4/SnO2 photocatalyst had the maximum efficiency for degrading Amaranth, up to 93%. Finally, the experimental results were used to rationally analyze the photodegradation mechanism.
Pharmacological activation of thehERGK+channel for the management of the longQTsyndrome: A review
Authors: El Harchi Aziza , Brincourt Oriane
Published: June 2022

In the human heart, the rapid delayed rectifier K+current (IKr) contributes significantly to ventricular action potential (AP) repolarization and to set the duration of the QT interval of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). The pore‐forming (α) subunit of theIKrchannel is encoded byKCNH2or human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene 1 (hERG1). Impairment of hERG function through either gene mutation (congenital) or pharmacological blockade by diverse drugs in clinical use (acquired) can cause a prolongation of the AP duration (APD) reflected onto the surface ECG as a prolonged QT interval or Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). LQTS can increase the risk of triggered activity of ventricular cardiomyocytes and associated life‐threatening arrhythmia. Current treatments all focus on reducing the incidence of arrhythmia or terminating it after its onset but there is to date no prophylactic treatment for the pharmacological management of LQTS. A new class of hERG modulators (agonists) have been suggested through direct interaction with the hERG channel to shorten the action potential duration (APD) and/or increase the postrepolarisation refractoriness period (PRRP) of ventricular cardiomyocytes protecting thereby against triggered activity and associated arrhythmia. Although promising drug candidates, there remain major obstacles to their clinical development. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest advances as well as the limitations of this proposed pharmacotherapy.
Development of a fully automated analytical platform based on static headspace‐gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of five N‐nitrosamines in dried aquatic products of animal origin
Authors: Huang Minxing , Zeng Qiuxia , Liu Zhipeng , Chen Xiaochu , Gao Yufeng , Wang Guihua , Yu Goubin
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The development of rapid and sensitive monitoring methods for trace N‐nitrosamines (NAs) in foodstuffs is essential for mitigating the potential health risks to consumers. In the present study, an analytical platform based on one step fully automated static headspace sampling and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated for the analysis of N‐nitrosamines in dried aquatic products of animal origin. The samples and sodium chloride solution mixture were incubated in a heated headspace vial for analyte evaporation, coupled to automatic sampling and online GC‐MS/MS analysis. The proposed method requires minimal sample preparation and organic solvent consumption. Five N‐nitrosamines including N‐nitroso dimethylamine, N‐nitroso methyl ethylamine, N‐nitroso pyrolidine, N‐nitroso piperidine and N‐nitroso diphenylamine were selected as model compounds to optimize the significant factors by a using Box–Behnken design.

RESULTS

The optimum conditions achieved limits of detections in the range 0.08–0.29 μg kg−1, with correlation coefficient over 0.998. Relative recoveries in dried aquatic product sample were in the range 76.9–92.4%, with relative SDs of 1.9–7.2%.

CONCLUSION

These results confirm the reliability of the developed method for further application in trace level monitoring of the target analytes in foodstuffs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nutritional and bioactive components of rice‐chickpea based snacks as affected by severe and mild extrusion cooking
Authors: Altaf Uzma , Hussain Syed Zameer , Naseer Bazila , Amin Tawheed , Bashir Omar
Published: June 2022

Background

Severe extrusion cooking (SEC) has been extensively explored for product development and has been compared with mild extrusion cooking (MEC). Different blends of chickpea‐rice flour for extrusion can be used to achieve a balance between nutritive value and valued product characteristics. This study was therefore designed to optimize the severe and mild extrusion conditions for rice‐chickpea flour blends to cater for increasing consumer demand for snacks with the aim of comparing the effects of severe and mild extrusion cooking (MEC) on nutritional quality.

Results

The results revealed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage reduction in sucrose during severe extrusion (46.85%) compared to mild extrusion (7.88%). Likewise, the percentage increase in maltose, glucose, and fructose was significantly (P < 0.05) higher during SEC than during mild extrusion. Total phenolic content increased by 13.96% during mild extrusion, whereas, during severe extrusion it decreased by 15%. Total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity decreased by 11.11% and 15.63%, respectively, during severe extrusion whereas, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity increased by 13.17% and 24.29%, respectively, during MEC. The loss in condensed tannin content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (33.82%) during SEC than with MEC (12.05%). With regard to amino acids, the maximum loss was observed in methionine (53.38%) followed by lysine (40.63%) during SEC. However, the mineral content was found to increase during SEC.

Conclusion

This study revealed that MEC is superior to SEC in terms of minimizing deleterious effects on overall nutritional value of ready‐to‐eat snacks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel Chitosan Dermal Filler with Enhanced Moldability and Elasticity
Authors: Kim Jie Young , Kim Su Hee , Choi Min‐Ha , Lee Soo Hee , Cha Misun , Park Ji‐Ung
Published: June 2022

Currently, dermal fillers are largely based on commercialized cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, which require a large injection force. Additionally, HA can be easily decomposed by enzymes, and HA‐treated tissues present a risk of developing granuloma. In this study, a chitosan‐based dermal filler is presented that operates on a liquid‐to‐gel transition and allows the injection force to be kept ≈4.7 times lower than that required for HA injections. Evaluation of the physical properties of the chitosan filler indicates high viscoelasticity and recovery rate after gelation at 37 °C. Furthermore, in an in vivo evaluation, the liquid injection‐type chitosan filler transitions to a gel state within 5 min after injection into the body, and exhibits a compressive strength that is ≈2.4 times higher than that of cross‐linked HA. The filler also exhibits higher moldability and maintains a constant volume in the skin for a longer time than the commercial HA filler. Therefore, it is expected that the chitosan filler will be clinically applicable as a novel material for dermal tissue restoration and supplementation.
Numerical schemes for variable exponent fractional‐type integral equations
Authors: Zerari Amina , Odibat Zaid , Shawagfeh Nabil
Published: June 2022

In this study, two predictor–corrector schemes are developed for the numerical solution of variable exponent fractional‐type integral equations. The proposed schemes considered a Volterra‐type integral equation and then employed Trapezoidal and Simpson's 1/3 rules to obtain numerically approximate solutions. Some test problems are examined to demonstrate the performance, validity, and effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Comparisons are made between the proposed schemes to highlight the accuracy and convergence of these techniques. As an application, the effect of the variable‐order exponent on the dynamics of the studied systems is discussed.
A locally stabilized collocated finite volume method for the stationary Stokes problem
Authors: Boukabache Akram
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel discrete formulation for stabilizing the collocated finite volume method (CFVM) is introduced and analyzed for the stationary Stokes problem. This method is based on the lowest equal‐order approximation (piecewise constants) for both velocity and pressure unknowns. A macro‐volume (i.e., a small group of volumes) condition is introduced to build the local stabilized finite volume formulation for the problem. We prove that a stabilization term based on the jump of the discrete pressures over the interior edges of the macro‐volume gives a stable scheme. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of the discrete solution are proved. The error estimate of the stabilized finite volume formulation is derived. Finally, some numerical tests are performed to exhibit the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The development of negative emotional scenes of teachers database
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Zhengyi , Li Xiaoqian , He Mengting , Wang Bin , Wu Xiaofei
Published: June 2022

This study developed a database of negative emotional scenes experienced by primary and secondary school teachers in real life. The database consisted of 70 negative emotional scenes of teachers and the description of each scene was reported and rated on four dimensions: valence, arousal, dominance and frequency.
Quasi‐3D‐Structured Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Based on Silver Nanoparticles/Mesoporous Silicon Hybrid
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Van , Vu Duc Chinh , Pham Thanh Son , Bui Huy , Pham Thanh Binh , Hoang Thi Hong Cam , Pham Van Hai , Pham Van Hoi
Published: June 2022

The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique for ultrasensitive and selective biochemical detection due to its capability of providing the “fingerprint” of information of molecular structures at low concentrations. Herein, mesoporous silicon (MPSi)‐based nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provide novel efficient substrates for the detection of molecules. The quasi‐3D‐structured SERS substrate is formed by introducing Ag into the MPSi hollow column‐shaped nanostructure. This SERS substrate uniquely combines the ability of metal surfaces to amplify Raman scattering signals with an enlarged surface area and the increasing light–matter interaction duration that generates large SERS signals for the detection of chemicals. The proposed SERS substrate is verified by detecting orange methylene in solutions at ultralow concentration in the range of 10−11–10−6 m with a linear‐dependent coefficient of R2 = 0.99922 and the SERS enhancement factor is achieved up to 1010. Moreover, the proposed platform can detect diphenylamine with ultralow concentration of 10−10 m and reliable reproducibility with an average relative stand deviation of 6.3%. The ability for MPSi substrate to detect target molecules at low concentrations helps pave a way to develop the detection tool for integrated, on‐chip devices.
Finite‐time estimation of second‐order linear time‐invariant systems in the presence of delayed measurement
Authors: Zekraoui Salim , Espitia Nicolás , Perruquetti Wilfrid
Published: June 2022

In this article, we design a nonlinear observer for second‐order linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems in the observable form with measurement delay. The design guarantees the convergence of the error state to the origin within a finite‐time that depends on the initial conditions. To accomplish this, we reformulate the original system into a cascade ODE–PDE system where the PDE part is a transport equation that models the effect of the delay on the output. We construct the nonlinear gains in a way that ensures the error system to be finite‐time stable (FTS). To prove this, we use an invertible backstepping transformation to convert the error system into a target system which is shown to be finite‐time stable using Lyapunov‐based analysis and homogeneity tools. We use the inverse transformation to transfer this property to the error system.
Hamilton transversals in random Latin squares
Authors: Gould Stephen , Kelly Tom
Published: June 2022

Gyárfás and Sárközy conjectured that every Latin square has a “cycle‐free” partial transversal of size . We confirm this conjecture in a strong sense for almost all Latin squares, by showing that as , all but a vanishing proportion of Latin squares have aHamiltontransversal, that is, a full transversal for which any proper subset is cycle‐free. In fact, we prove a counting result that in almost all Latin squares, the number of Hamilton transversals is essentially that of Taranenko's upper bound on the number of full transversals. This result strengthens a result of Kwan (which in turn implies that almost all Latin squares also satisfy the famous Ryser–Brualdi–Stein conjecture).
Porous Silica Support for Immobilizing Chiral Metal Catalyst: Unravelling the Activity of Catalyst on Asymmetric Organic Transformations
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi S. , Hande Pankaj E. , Chandra Sudeshna
Published: June 2022

The role of chiral metal catalysts in asymmetric reactions has developed a new forte for researchers worldwide to boost chiral synthesis in various sectors. By controlling specific interactions among chiral ligands, metal catalysts and the support material, one can design a more selective and efficient chiral heterogeneous catalytic system. Silica has been extensively used as support material in various heterogeneous systems due to its activity, stability, better recovery, and recyclability. This review details recent advances in preparation of the silica suppported chiral catalysts and their applications for various chiral transformatios such as Aldol reaction, Henry reaction, transfer hydrogenation, epoxidation, Passerini reaction etc. The review also covers different mechanisms of immobilization viz., adsorption, electrostatic and covalent interactions. The interaction mechanism of chiral metal catalyst with silica support and factors like matrix pore size and ligand confinement that influence the catalytic performance of enantioselective transformations have also been discussed.
PumpItUp – gite mobile für die Kulturhauptstadt Esch‐sur‐Alzette 2022
Authors: Stimpfle Bernd
Published: June 2022

Der Wanderweg des Minette Trail verbindet im Rahmen der europäischen Kulturhauptstadt Esch2022 elf bedeutende Orte im Süden Luxemburgs. Entlang dieser Route entstanden elf außergewöhnliche Herbergen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das pneumatische Projekt PumpItUp von der Entwurfsphase bis zur Ausführung und Montage.
Candidate genes for anthocyanin pigmentation in rice stem revealed by GWAS and whole‐genome resequencing
Authors: Haghi Reza , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Fazeli Arash , Shariati Vahid
Published: June 2022

Anthocyanin pigment as a phenolic secondary metabolite is accumulated in areal organs of some rice cultivars. Despite several research attempts, the majority of genomic regions and candidate genes for purple‐colored stem (Ps) resulting from anthocyanin pigmentation of rice leaf sheath have not been identified. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and whole‐genome resequencing (WGR) analysis was applied for genetic dissection of anthocyanin pigmentation of rice stem. Using GWAS, the genomic regions (on chromosomes 2, 4, and 6) tagged to eight single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to be significantly associated with purple stem, and in the vicinity of GWAS signals, 19 genes were highlighted as putative candidate genes. To narrow down the genomic regions more highly associated to the trait, a WGR study on recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with opposite phenotypes was conducted. After defining the DNA variation between reference genome, maternal parent and the two sister lines, a narrow genomic region on the short arm of chromosome 6 (4.7–6.2 Mbp interval) was identified to be highly associated with anthocyanin pigmentation of rice stem. In the interval, a few candidate genes with probable role in anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation were identified, which included five structural genes involved in the known pathways [one chalcone isomerase (CHI), two glycosyl transferases, and two UDP‐flavonoid‐3‐O‐glucosyl (UFGT) transferases] and two transcription factors [one basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)‐ and one myeloblastosis (MYB)‐coding genes]. The identified candidate genes can be used in breeding programs of rice or other Gramineae species for anthocyanin accumulation in areal organs.
Model‐based investigation of the chemical phosphorus removal potential of the peroxide regenerated iron‐sulfide control technology
Authors: Ismail Amr , Jang Eunkyung , Schraa Oliver , Walton John R. , Zamanzadeh Mirzaman , Elbeshbishy Elsayed , Santoro Domenico
Published: June 2022

In this study, the potential of using peroxide regenerated iron‐sulfide control (PRI‐SC®) for chemical phosphorus removal utilizing the existing iron sulfide found in wastewaters was investigated in batch tests and compared in full‐scale facility‐wide simulations to using iron salts. PRI‐SC is a combination treatment that utilizes iron salts and hydrogen peroxide in a synergetic fashion, where hydrogen peroxide is used in regenerating the spent iron salt in situ in the form of iron sulfide, yielding ferric iron and colloidal sulfur. A simplified kinetic model was developed, calibrated, and integrated into a facility‐wide model to simulate the process at the full‐scale. Experimental results showed that dosing hydrogen peroxide, even at doses lower than the stoichiometrically required to oxidize iron sulfide, freed, and oxidized sulfide bound ferrous iron to ferric iron, which was consequently hydrolyzed and affected phosphorus removal. Higher dosing of hydrogen peroxide did not affect change in the speciation of sulfur remaining predominantly as elemental sulfur. Simulations showed that the application of PRI‐SC with supplemental ferric iron dosing was able to cut the costs of chemicals addition up to 53% while maintaining a steady‐state effluent phosphate concentration below 0.01 mg/L.

Practitioner points

The kinetic model was used to optimize ferric iron and hydrogen peroxide dosing.

The developed model can be integrated in existing wastewater process simulators.

Dosing hydrogen peroxide effectively oxidized ferrous iron to ferric iron.

The combination of hydrogen peroxide and iron salts can reduce the chemical addition cost by 53%.
Integral bremsstrahlung energy as an inbuilt standard in energy‐dispersive electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Karmanov Nikolay Semenovich , Kanakin Sergei Vasilievich , Lavrent'ev Yuri Grigorievich
Published: June 2022

To improve the accuracy of the energy‐dispersive electron probe microanalysis (EPMA EDS) without measuring the probe current, it is proposed to normalize the measured analyte net X‐ray intensity to the bremsstrahlung integral energy of the analyzed sample. The integral energy is calculated using a modified Kramers formula, the parameters of which have been refined based on processing the spectra of single‐element samples (4 ≤ Z ≤ 83), acquired in the incident electrons energy range from 10 to 25 keV. The dependence of the bremsstrahlung integral energy on the atomic number of the sample and the incident electrons energy is obtained, and recommendations are given for calculating the mean atomic number of multicomponent samples. It is shown that even with a significant variation (within a factor of 2 or more) of the probe current or the X‐ray gathering solid angle, the use of the proposed normalization method improves the reproducibility of analysis to a value characteristic of measurements at a stable probe current and a standing solid angle. The method is recommended for the development of standardless EPMA EDS.
Introduction: Encounters and Trading Practices
Authors: Ahlbeck Jutta , Östman Ann-Catrin , Stark Eija
Published: June 2022

During the nineteenth century, the circulation and exchange of various goods increased considerably, which affected trade on global, regional, and local levels. This volume uncovers one important yet neglected form of emerging itinerant livelihoods—namely, ambulatory petty trade—and how it was practiced in Northern Europe during the period 1820–1960. Northern Europe includes here the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark), the Arctic and Subarctic Europe, and northern Estonia. The introductory chapter presents central concepts, such as livelihoods, petty trade, social and cultural encounters, along with theoretical premises, such as situated practices and materiality that underlie the collection. With the period chosen, 1820–1960, the chapter points to continuities and changes when it comes to inequalities and various forms livelihoods in the Nordic region.
Validation of the $$\gamma \text{-Re }_{\theta }$$ Transition Model for Airfoils Operating in the Very Low Reynolds Number Regime
Authors: Carreño Ruiz Manuel , D’Ambrosio Domenic
Published: June 2022

Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) are state of the art in the aerospace industry and are involved in many operations. The reduced dimensions of these vehicles generate very low Reynolds number conditions in which separation-induced transition typically occurs. The extremely large computational cost of scale resolving simulations, which are capable of capturing laminar to turbulent transition, is prohibitive for most engineering and design applications. Therefore, it becomes very interesting to couple transition models with conventional Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations to allow the prediction of transition to turbulence at a reduced computational cost. This paper performs an investigation of the application of the$$\gamma \text{-Re }_{\theta }$$γ-Reθtransition model analysing different empirical correlations available in literature and studying the influence of the relevant model parameters using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+. The flow around the Eppler 387, Selig/Donovan 7003 and Ishii airfoils has been studied for different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack comparing the drag and lift forces and separation bubble characteristics with experimental and numerical results reported in literature.
Can we Modulate Therapeutic Interpersonal Style Experimentally to Address Alliance? A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Schamong Isabel , Bollmann Simon , Struck Nele , Kube Tobias , D’Astolfo Lisa , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta
Published: June 2022

Background

With a lack of experimental designs that explore which therapeutic style is helpful for which patient, the aim of this study was to test the feasibility of experimentally varying the therapeutic style under realistic conditions and to investigate how this affects alliance ratings by clients and counselors.

Methods

We defined two manualized therapeutic styles (neutral/distant relational style vs. high affiliation relational style) based on the interpersonal circumplex. In a randomized two-group design, 64 healthy university students (70% female, Mage = 23.78, SDage = 2.81) received a single psychological counseling session on interpersonal conflicts by one of four counselors and in one of the two styles. We checked the manipulation success using observer-rated degree of affiliation and ratings of counselors’ interpersonal behavior with the Interpersonal Message Inventory (IMI-R). A series of linear regression models analyzed whether the style predicted working alliance, assessed via the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI).

Results

In accordance with the hypotheses, significant differences in the rated degree of affiliation (p ≤ .001) and IMI-R ratings (p ≤ .001 in friendly, p = .003 in hostile dimension) were found between the two groups. Overall, alliance ratings were high across groups and raters (WAI overall scores ranging from 3.76 to 4.07). The style did not predict clients’ alliance ratings.

Conclusion

The experimental variation of the therapeutic style proved feasible under realistic conditions with high overall alliance ratings. The novel experimental design may provide a basis for further research.
What Ontology for Relational Quantum Mechanics?
Authors: Dorato Mauro , Morganti Matteo
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we evaluate some proposals that have been put forward to clarify the ontological consequences of relational quantum mechanics. We first focus on priority monism and ontic structural realism and argue that these views are not suitable for providing an ontological interpretation of the theory. Then, we discuss an alternative interpretation that we regard as more promising, based on so-called ‘metaphysical coherentism’, which we also connect to the idea of an event-based, or ‘flash’, ontology.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of a Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Fusion Protein Therapeutic for Alzheimer’s Disease in Rat and Dog
Authors: Lessard Etienne , Rennie Kerry , Haqqani Arsalan , Ling Binbing , Whitfield James , Paradis Andrea , Araujo Joseph , Yoganathan Nathan , Gillard John , Stanimirovic Danica , Chakravarthy Balu
Published: June 2022

Purpose

We have recently demonstrated the brain-delivery of an Amyloid-ß oligomer (Aßo)-binding peptide-therapeutic fused to the BBB-crossing single domain antibody FC5. The bi-functional fusion protein, FC5-mFc-ABP (KG207-M) lowered both CSF and brain Aß levels after systemic dosing in transgenic mouse and rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For development as a human therapeutic, we have humanized and further engineered the fusion protein named KG207-H. The purpose of the present study was to carry out comparative PK/PD studies of KG207-H in wild type rat and beagle dogs (middle-aged and older) to determine comparability of systemic PK and CSF exposure between rodent species and larger animals with more complex brain structure such as dogs.

Method

Beagle dogs were used in this study as they accumulate cerebral Aß with age, as seen in human AD patients, and can serve as a model of sporadic AD. KG207-H (5 to 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and serum and CSF samples were serially collected for PK studies and to assess target engagement. KG207-H and Aβ levels were quantified using multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.

Results

After systemic dosing, KG207-H demonstrated similar serum pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs. KG207-H appeared in the CSF in a time- and dose-dependent manner with similar kinetics, indicating CNS exposure. Further analyses revealed a dose-dependent inverse relationship between CSF KG207-H and Aß levels in both species indicating target engagement.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates translational attributes of BBB-crossing Aβ-targeting biotherapeutic KG207-H in eliciting a pharmacodynamic response, from rodents to larger animal species.
Logical empiricism in Turkish exile: Hans Reichenbach’s research and teaching activities at Istanbul University (1933–1938)
Authors: Roure Pascale
Published: June 2022

In this article, I seek to shed new light on a lesser-known stage of the development of Hans Reichenbach’s thought, namely his research, output and teaching activities at Istanbul University (1933–1938). I argue that the experience of Turkish exile was decisive in the elaboration of Reichenbach’s probability theory of meaning and knowledge. His workExperience and Prediction, produced while in Istanbul, should therefore be put in its Turkish context of elaboration and reception. To this end, I will take into consideration not only Reichenbach’s efforts to popularize and extend the Berlin Group’s program of scientific philosophy in Turkey and throughout Europe in the 1930s, but also the forgotten work of Reichenbach’s students—most of them women—at Istanbul University.
An EHL Extension of the Unsteady FBNS Algorithm
Authors: Hansen Erik , Kacan Altay , Frohnapfel Bettina , Codrignani Andrea
Published: June 2022

Many engineering applications rely on lubricated gaps where the hydrodynamic pressure distribution is influenced by cavitation phenomena and elastic deformations. To obtain details about the conditions within the lubricated gap, solvers are required that can model cavitation and elastic deformation effects efficiently when a large amount of discretization cells is employed. The presented unsteady EHL-FBNS solver can compute the solution of such large problems that require the consideration of both mass-conserving cavitation and elastic deformation. The execution time of the presented algorithm scales almost with$$N\log (N)$$Nlog(N)whereNis the number of computational grid points. A detailed description of the algorithm and the discretized equations is presented. The MATLAB$$^{\copyright }$$©code is provided in the supplements along with a maintained version on GitHub to encourage its usage and further development. The output of the solver is compared to and validated with analytical, simulated, and experimental results from the literature to provide a detailed comparison of different discretization schemes of the Couette term in presence of gap height discontinuities. As a final result, the most favorable scheme is identified for the unsteady study of surface textures in ball-on-disc tribometers under EHL conditions.
Study of the variation of the Malassezia load in the interdigital fold of dogs with pododermatitis
Authors: Díaz Leyna , Castellá Gemma , Bragulat M. Rosa , Paytuví-Gallart Andreu , Sanseverino Walter , Cabañes F. Javier
Published: June 2022

The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a common inhabitant of the skin and mucosae of dogs. However, under certain circumstances this yeast can overgrow and act as an opportunistic pathogen causing otitis and dermatitis in dogs. Canine pododermatitis is a common disorder in dogs in which M. pachydermatis acts as an opportunistic pathogen. In the present study, the presence of Malassezia yeasts was assessed and quantified in samples collected from the interdigital space of dogs with pododermatitis before and after treatment, and from healthy dogs. The samples were subjected to two different cytological examinations, culture on Sabouraud glucose agar and modified Dixon’s agar and a quantitative PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic region. A selection of samples was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) using the D1D2 domain of the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA as target. The pododermatitis samples before treatment showed higher cell counts, colony-forming units and ITS copies than the rest of samples. The NGS analysis revealed that Ascomycota was the main phylum in the healthy and post-treatment samples. However, Basidiomycota and M. pachydermatis was more abundant in the pododermatitis samples before treatment. These results support M. pachydermatis as an opportunistic agent in canine pododermatitis by a variety of methods, and demonstrate the correlation between cytologic and molecular methods for quantification.
Human-centred risk assessment for a land-based control interface for an autonomous vessel
Authors: Hoem Åsa S. , Veitch Erik , Vasstein Kjetil
Published: June 2022

Autonomous ferries are providing new opportunities for urban transport mobility. With this change comes a new risk picture, which is characterised to a large extent by the safe transition from autonomous mode to manual model in critical situations. The paper presents a case study of applying an adapted risk assessment method based on the Scenario Analysis in the Crisis Intervention and Operability study (CRIOP) framework. The paper focuses on the applicability of the Scenario Analysis to address the human-automation interaction. This is done by presenting a case study applying the method on a prototype of a Human–Machine Interface (HMI) in the land-based control centre for an autonomous ferry. Hence, the paper presents findings on two levels: a method study and a case study. A concept of operation (CONOPS) and a preliminary hazard analysis lay the foundation for the scenario development, the analysis, and the discussion in a case study workshop. The case study involved a Scenario Analysis of a handover situation where the autonomous system asked for assistance from the operator in a land-based control centre. The results include a list of identified safety issues such as missing procedures, an alarm philosophy and an emergency preparedness plan, and a need for explainable AI. Findings from the study show that the Scenario Analysis method can be a valuable tool to address the human element in risk assessment by focusing on the operators’ ability to handle critical situations.
Non-asymptotic control of the cumulative distribution function of Lévy processes
Authors: Duval Céline , Mariucci Ester
Published: June 2022

We propose non-asymptotic controls of the cumulative distribution function
$\mathbb{P}(|X_{t}|\ge \varepsilon)$
, for any
$t>0$
,
$\varepsilon>0$
and any Lévy process X such that its Lévy density is bounded from above by the density of an
$\alpha$
-stable-type Lévy process in a neighborhood of the origin.
Exponential and gamma form for tail expansions of first-passage distributions in semi-markov processes
Authors: Butler Ronald W.
Published: June 2022

We consider residue expansions for survival and density/mass functions of first-passage distributions in finite-state semi-Markov processes (SMPs) in continuous and integer time. Conditions are given which guarantee that the residue expansions for these functions have a dominant exponential/geometric term. The key condition assumes that the relevant states for first passage contain an irreducible class, thus ensuring the same sort of dominant exponential/geometric terms as one gets for phase-type distributions in Markov processes. Essentially, the presence of an irreducible class along with some other conditions ensures that the boundary singularity b for the moment generating function (MGF) of the first-passage-time distribution is a simple pole. In the continuous-time setting we prove that b is a dominant pole, in that the MGF has no other pole on the vertical line
$\{\text{Re}(s)=b\}.$
In integer time we prove that b is dominant if all holding-time mass functions for the SMP are aperiodic and non-degenerate. The expansions and pole characterisations address first passage to a single new state or a subset of new states, and first return to the starting state. Numerical examples demonstrate that the residue expansions are considerably more accurate than saddlepoint approximations and can provide a substitute for exact computation above the 75th percentile.
Quantifying the Effects of Sea Level Rise on Estuarine Drainage Systems
Authors: Waddington K. , Khojasteh D. , Marshall L. , Rayner D. , Glamore W.
Published: June 2022

Much of the development of the low elevation coastal zone has involved the reclamation of low‐lying floodplains and wetlands through the construction of flood mitigation and drainage systems. These systems function throughout the tidal range, protecting from high tides while draining excess catchment flows to the low tide. However, drainage can only be achieved under gravity when water levels in the catchment drains are higher than those in the estuary. Changes to the tidal range and to the duration of the rising and falling tides that occur throughout estuarine waters will result in dynamic variations in the window of opportunity for gravity discharge within and between different catchments and under sea level rise (SLR). Existing concerns regarding SLR impacts have focused on the acute effects of higher water levels, but SLR will affect the full tidal range, and drainage systems will be particularly vulnerable to changes in the low tide. This study introduces the concept of the drainage window to address this limitation by assessing how the present‐day and future SLR tidal regimes may influence the drainage of different estuarine floodplains. Applying the drainage window to two different estuaries indicated that SLR may substantially reduce the opportunity for discharging many estuarine floodplain drainage systems. Reduced drainage creates a host of chronic problems that may necessitate changes to existing land uses. A holistic assessment of future changes to all water levels (including low tide levels and extended flood recession periods) is required to inform strategic land use planning and estuarine management.
The Sun Bakes Wildfire Smoke, Changing Its Toxicity
Authors: Rocheleau Jackie
Published: June 2022

A new study questions the narrative that dilution is the solution to pollution.
Evaluation and Statistical Post‐Processing of Two Precipitation Reforecast Products During Summer in the Mainland of China
Authors: Li Wentao , Duan Qingyun , Wang Quan J. , Huang Sainan , Liu Shiyuan
Published: June 2022

Raw weather forecasts from numerical prediction models usually suffer from systematic bias, which can be removed by statistical post‐processing methods to achieve accurate and reliable ensemble forecasts. The post‐processing of precipitation forecasts often requires reforecasts with long historical archives to ensure sufficient sample size. In this work, we provide an evaluation of two widely used short‐range reforecast products during summer in the mainland of China, including reforecasts from the Integrated Forecasting System of the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and reforecasts from Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The results suggest that ECMWF reforecasts outperform GEFSv12 reforecasts in accuracy and discrimination in most regions of China, especially for heavy rain. On the other hand, the post‐processed GEFSv12 reforecasts are better than post‐processed ECMWF reforecasts in reliability for light rain in several dry regions. Moreover, we combine ECMWF and GEFSv12 reforecasts by Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The results show that BMA is able to combine the advantages of two reforecasts. Post‐processed forecasts from BMA perform as well as ECMWF reforecasts in accuracy and discrimination skill for heavy rain in wet regions of southern China. BMA results are also as reliable as post‐processed GEFSv12 reforecasts in dry regions of northern China. The evaluation results in this study could serve as a useful guide for further applications of those reforecast products in China.
Circulating tumor DNA in B-cell lymphoma: technical advances, clinical applications, and perspectives for translational research
Authors: Lauer Eliza M. , Mutter Jurik , Scherer Florian
Published: June 2022

Noninvasive disease monitoring and risk stratification by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling has become a potential novel strategy for patient management in B-cell lymphoma. Emerging innovative therapeutic options and an unprecedented growth in our understanding of biological and molecular factors underlying lymphoma heterogeneity have fundamentally increased the need for precision-based tools facilitating personalized and accurate disease profiling and quantification. By capturing the entire mutational landscape of tumors, ctDNA assessment has some decisive advantages over conventional tissue biopsies, which usually target only one single tumor site. Due to its non- or minimal-invasive nature, serial and repeated ctDNA profiling provides a real-time picture of the genetic composition and facilitates quantification of tumor burden any time during the course of the disease. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of technologies used for ctDNA detection and genotyping in B-cell lymphoma, focusing on pre-analytical and technical requirements, the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight recent advances around improving sensitivity and suppressing technical errors. We broadly review potential applications of ctDNA in clinical practice and for translational research by describing how ctDNA might enhance lymphoma subtype classification, treatment response assessment, outcome prediction, and monitoring of measurable residual disease. We finally discuss how ctDNA could be implemented in prospective clinical trials as a novel surrogate endpoint and be utilized as a decision-making tool to guide lymphoma treatment in the future.
Environmental risks to humans, the first database of valence and arousal ratings for images of natural hazards
Authors: Prete Giulia , Laeng Bruno , Tommasi Luca
Published: June 2022

Due to their relevance for the entire society, environmental hazards have largely been investigated in terms of their psychological effects. However, a complete image database comprising different categories of catastrophes has not been proposed yet. We selected 200 photographs of the most frequent natural disasters with the aim to collect the emotional reactions of observers. In particular, 20 stimuli were selected for each of the following 10 categories: earthquake, volcanic activity, lightning, hailstorm, drought, fire, landslide, epidemic, and neutral and positive images as control categories. A sample of 605 participants completed an online survey, in which they were asked to rate either the valence or the arousal of each stimulus, by using a Self-Assessment Manikin. The Environmental Risk to Humans database associates the emotional reactions to these visual stimuli, together with the demographics of the sample (e.g., gender, age, marital status, income, previous experience of natural disasters). The database constitutes a tool to explore human reactions to natural hazards, providing a controlled set of stimuli for different types of catastrophes.
Integrating Data Directly into Publications with Augmented Reality and Web-Based Technologies – Schol-AR
Authors: Ard Tyler , Bienkowski Michael S. , Liew Sook-Lei , Sepehrband Farshid , Yan Lirong , Toga Arthur W.
Published: June 2022

Scientific research has become highly intertwined with digital information, however scientific publication remains based on the static text and figures of principal articles. This discrepancy constrains complex scientific data into 2D static figures, hindering our ability to effectively exchange the complex and extensive information that underlies modern research. Here, we demonstrate how the viewing of digital data can be directly integrated into the existing publication system through both web based and augmented reality (AR) technologies. We additionally provide a framework that makes these capabilities available to the scientific community. Ultimately, augmenting articles with data can modernize scientific communication by bridging the gap between the digital basis of present-day research and the natural limitations of printable articles.