bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive hematuria due to ruptured iatrogenic aortic pseudoaneurysm: A case report
Authors: Vagnoni Valerio , Gaudiano Caterina , Passaretti Giovanni , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Pultrone Cristian Vincenzo , Borghesi Marco , Martorana Giuseppe
Published: June 2013

We report an interesting case of massive haematuria secondary to a rupture of a pseudoa- neurysm of the abdominal aorta below the renal vessels. A 65-year-old woman present- ed at our institution with a painful massive haematuria and anaemia. Two months before, she undergone a pelvic surgery complicated by an accidental injury of the right ureter sutured with a end-to-end anastomosis. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous contrast showed a right-sided hydronephrosis with clots in the lumen of the right pelvis with a massive retroperitoneal hematoma due to a rupture of a iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta below the origin of the renal arteries.
Computational Semantics in Clinical Text Supplement
Authors: Pestian John P.
Published: June 2013

As scientists, we create and disseminate knowledge. Resources from various benefactors open the doors of discovery. Likewise, we are obliged to disseminate our finding where they will have an impact. We want our thoughts and words to be heard. Yet, neither creation nor dissemination of newfound knowledge is easy. Some facts are more stubborn than others; prying them loose and describing them takes effort and discipline.

In the 1980's some of challenges to dissemination were reduced when open-access journals emerged. While the hallowed peer-review process remained, these journals provided access to knowledge without financial, legal or technical constraints to the reader. They provided an innovative venue to disseminate findings by using the world wide web as the main source of distribution. 1 The impact of these journals is growing. In 2000 there were 740 open-access journals that produced 19,500 articles. In 2009, this grew to 4769 journals and 191,850 articles; this represents 20% of scholarly publications. 2 In the open access world, the journal increasingly assumes the distribution role formerly undertaken by institutional libraries, while maintaining essential editorial quality.

Intuitively, the increased accessibility of open access journals ought to lead to a greater number of citations. Numerous studies have verified this. 3 Multiple studies have shown that articles published in an open access journal are referenced more frequently than those published elsewhere. 3 , 4 I acknowledge that other factors influence whether a paper is cited aside from its publication in an open access journal: it must be widely accessible through the channels that researchers employ and–-at the risk of making a trite argument–-the paper must have sufficient merit to justify being cited.

All of this supports the emerging importance of Biomedical Informatics Insights as a vehicle for disseminating scientific findings. In this special issue we present a second series of conference proceedings. The first, Sentiment Analysis of Suicide Notes: A Shared Task, 5 produced over 20 manuscripts and was published soon after the conference. This issue reviews the scientific productivity of the first Computational Semantics in Clinical Text conference. This conference, chaired by Drs. Stephen Wu, Nigam Shah, and Kevin Bretonnel Cohen is described elsewhere, but it is an honor for Biomedical Informatics Insights to be the repository of the proceedings.
Online Poker Gambling Among University Students: Risky Endeavour or Harmless Pastime?
Authors: Mihaylova Tsvetelina , Kairouz Sylvia , Nadeau Louise
Published: June 2013

This study aims to describe online poker gambling patterns and associated problems in a representative sample of university students. The study sample consisted of 366 past-year online and offline poker gamblers and was drawn from a larger survey sample of full-time undergraduate students (N=2,139) randomly selected across four university campuses in Montreal, Canada. The questionnaire included self-reported measures of poker gambling patterns and problems, negative consequences of gambling, drinking problems, and illicit drug use. Online poker was found to be associated with problem gambling, over-spending and debt, as well as problems with university studies, interpersonal relationships, and illicit drug use. Given the propensity of university students to adopt risky behaviours, on-campus prevention programs are warranted in the midst of the online poker craze, especially given that online gambling remains unregulated. Detection tools should be available for students to recognize critical shifts in their gambling habits from a leisure activity to a risky endeavour.
Frequency and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Iran: A Radiographic Survey
Authors: Tofangchiha Maryam , Azimi Somayyeh , Neirizi Masoud
Published: June 2013

Aim

Many epidemiological studies have been performed around the world in order to determine the frequency of different types of dental anomalies. There are regional and ethnic variations in the prevalence of dental anomalies.

To determine the prevalence of developmental and acquired dental anomalies in Iran, study was done from 2011 to 2012.

Materials and methods

A total of 1,000 digital panoramic radiographs of patient were evaluated which consisted of 424 (42/4%) male and 576 (57/6%) female. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Results

Wisdom tooth impaction was the most prevalent anomaly (41.4% in females and 36% in males) followed by missing (8.7% male, 7/3% female), microdontia (3.2%), dilacerations (2.2%), macrodontia (1%), supernumerary teeth (0.8%), fusion and taurodontism (0.2%). A case of bilateral second mandibular molar impaction was observed. Germination, transposition and concrescence were not observed. Among the acquired anomalies, hypercementosis (0.6%) and internal resorption (0.4%) were the most prevalent respectively. External resorption was not observed.

Conclusion

Comparison of these results with those of other studies, showed that the frequency of these disorders were different in countries and communities around the world. Knowledge about these anomalies may facilitate the endodontic, prosthodontics, periodontics and surgical management of such teeth.

How to cite this article

Tofangchiha M, Azimi S, Neirizi M. Frequency and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Iran: A Radiographic Survey. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1): 14-17.
Use of Lasers in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Kulkarni Varun , Uttamani Juhi , Shaikh Imaad
Published: June 2013

The use of dental lasers for treatment of periodontal diseases has been the area of interest in the recent years. Current evidence indicates that the use of lasers for the treatment of adult chronic periodontitis—either used solely or as an adjunct to traditional scaling and root planning therapy—offers minimal benefit. This article which is a peer review of various articles provides a brief explanation of the mechanism behind soft tissue lasers. The use of laser therapy in addition to traditional nonsurgical periodontal treatment in the management of periodontal diseases is reviewed. Lasers have been applied for hard and soft tissue debridement, as also for the bacterial load reduction from the periodontal pocket. Although, subgingival application of few of them during nonsurgical periodontal therapy can result in undesired outcomes, even when using manufacturer-recommended parameters. Over the past 20 years the research conducted regarding the clinical application of lasers is very limited. This article tries to fill in the void by reviewing the current and potential application of laser therapy. It has in turn proven to be a promising field in nonsurgical periodontal treatment of diseases.

How to cite this article

Uttamani J, Shaikh I, Kulkarni V. Use of Lasers in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):29-32.
Occupational Hazards in Modern Dentistry
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Asif , Mohammed Naheeda Shaik
Published: June 2013

Dentists, as well as other dental personnel are constantly exposed to a number of specific occupational hazards. These cause the appearance of various ailments, specific to the profession, which develop and intensify with years. Despite numerous technical advances in recent years, many occupational health problems still persist in modern dentistry. These include percutaneous exposure incidents (PEI), exposure to infectious diseases, radiation, dental materials, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), dermatitis, respiratory disorders, eye injuries and psychological problems. PEI remains a particular concern, as there is an almost constant risk of exposure to serious infectious agents. Aside from biological hazards, dentists continue to suffer a high prevalence of MSD, especially of the back, neck and shoulders. Awareness regarding these occupational hazards and implementation of preventive strategies can provide a safe working environment for all the dental personnel. There is also a need for continuing dental education programs in dentistry so that dentists can update themselves with the latest and newer techniques and materials.

How to cite this article

Mohammed NS, Shaik MA. Occupational Hazards in Modern Dentistry. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):33-40.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Full-Time Wrist Splinting and Education in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hall Barbara , Lee Hoe C. , Fitzgerald Helen , Byrne Brent , Barton Annette , Lee Andy H.
Published: June 2013

This study investigated the effects of wearing a wrist support splint for 8 wk and receiving a formal education program on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), as well as factors associated with patients’ desire to seek surgical intervention. Participants were recruited from a hospital surgical wait list and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 24). Significant improvements in measures of symptom severity and functional status over the duration of the study appeared in the intervention group but not in the control group. Logistic regression for the intervention group showed that symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.20–1.93]), functional deficits (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.08–1.57]), pain score (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.11–1.61]), and symptom duration (OR = 1.11, 95% CI [1.01–1.24]) were positively associated with the desire to seek surgical intervention. This conservative CTS treatment program conducted by occupational therapists can improve symptoms and hand function in CTS patients.
Evidence for the Effectiveness of Different Service Delivery Models in Early Intervention Services
Authors: Kingsley Karrie , Mailloux Zoe
Published: June 2013

Consideration of the evidence for all aspects of service delivery is a growing relevant concern of occupational therapists, including those providing early intervention to children and families. We conducted a review of the literature to uncover what evidence existed for determining the effectiveness of different service delivery models and methods used to improve occupational performance for children and families who receive early intervention services. Through a comprehensive search, we reviewed and synthesized studies, finding common themes of family-centered and routine-based approaches, service setting, and the inclusion of parent participation and training. Families consistently reported positive perceptions of family-centered and routine-based approaches. Parent participation and training resulted in positive outcomes. No specific setting or method of service delivery was identified as clearly most effective, with most studies reporting combined approaches and environments for interventions.
Effects of Visual Rehabilitation on a Child With Severe Visual Impairment
Authors: Tsai Li-Ting , Meng Ling-Fu , Wu Wei-Chi , Jang Yuh , Su Yu-Chin
Published: June 2013

We examined the effects of visual rehabilitation, including a chromatic luminance discrimination program and a fixation training program, on a 6-yr-old boy with severe visual impairment. Single-subject ABA and AB designs were used. The programs were conducted 2×/wk and included 6 to 7 sessions for the baseline phase and 10 to 11 sessions for the intervention phase. Play was integrated into the visual training programs. Goggle visual evoked potential (VEP) testing was used to evaluate neural activity in the primary visual cortex. Correct responses increased and response times were shortened after training in luminance discrimination. The total and maximum fixation time also improved, as did P100 latency and amplitude of VEPs. While walking, the boy was able to detect obstacles he had not noticed before training. The results indicate the value of visual training and the possibility of brain plasticity in a child with severe visual impairment.
Biologização do ser moral em Hans Jonas
Authors: Sganzerla Anor
Published: June 2013

A responsabilidade enquanto princípio ético proposta por Hans Jonas representa uma das reflexões morais indispensáveis à civilização tecnológica. Ao ampliar o universo moral também para a natureza extra-humana, e sua opção em recorrer à biologia como fundamento para o princípio responsabilidade, facilitou a associação do pensador com a moral naturalista. A tese aqui apresentada é de que o autor, embora recorra à biologia, não defende uma moral naturalista, afastando-se assim do que ficou conhecido como falácia naturalista. O “novo” da filosofia de Jonas é que o dever fundamenta-se de modo ontológico, por isso a responsabilidade torna-se um dever ontológico e não moral: o homem tem que ser responsável porque ele é responsável ontologicamente. Não se trata de extrair uma ética da ontologia, pois a ética está contida no fato primordial da vida, visto que o dever ser está inserido no próprio Ser, o que faz Jonas usar da ontologia presente na natureza como fundamento da ética. Por ser ontológica e não racional, a liberdade não é um privilégio humano. Reinserido na natureza, o homem reafirma-se numa espécie de ontobiologia e sua proposta classifica-se como uma biologização do ser moral.
Microarea Strain Analysis in InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells on m-Plane Using High-Resolution Microbeam X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Yoshida Shunji , Yokogawa Toshiya , Imai Yasuhiko , Kimura Shigeru
Published: June 2013

Using high-resolution microbeam X-ray diffraction, we investigated in-plane anisotropic strain distributions within InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures on anm-plane GaN substrate. With this strain analysis, the micro-reciprocal space map (micro-RSM) and transmission electron microscopy measurements supported a structure without any dislocations and strain relaxations. From examining the microarea two-dimensional intensity profile map of the InGaN reflection peaks in the micro-RSMs, we consider that the in-plane anisotropic strain in them-plane inclines toward the [1120] direction rather than the [0001] direction. On the basis of the slip system in them-plane via the {1010} prism plane with <1120>-type slip directions that we have advocated, this anisotropy is in agreement with the causes of the strain relaxation in the prismatic plane with slip systems in them-plane.
Women’s Representation in Interventional Cardiology
Authors: Gualano Sarah K. , Henderson James , Menees Stacy , Kerkar Ashwini , Parisi Erika , Kerr Eve A.
Published: July 2024

This study discusses women’s representation in interventional cardiology.
Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers’ Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests
Authors: Webb Sara Jane , Howard Waylon , Garrison Michelle , Corrigan Sarah , Quinata Shayeleen , Taylor Lani , Christakis Dimitri A.
Published: July 2024

Importance

With personalized touch-screen tablets, young children can choose content and engage in play-like activities. However, tablets may also reduce shared engagement as the action of viewing or touching the screen is often not visible to nearby adults. This may impact communicative gazing and pointing, which is critical to the formation of shared awareness and in turn supports language development.

Objective

To assess the association of tablet media content with toddlers’ responses to joint attention prompts and behavioral requests.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study took place at a behavioral research laboratory and included toddlers who were aged 18 to 32 months with neurotypical development who were recruited from a volunteer and community sample. Toddlers engaged with a real toy or 3 different types of tablet content (ie, viewing video of toy play, playing with a digital toy, or playing a commercial game) while an experimenter delivered joint attention prompts. Data were acquired from June 2021 November XX 2022, and data analysis occurred from January 2023 to May 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes included child response to joint attention (number of prompts with joint attention response per number of prompts delivered) and child response to behavioral request (ie, the prompt on which the child responded to the behavioral request). Measures included crossed random effects, Wald tests, and likelihood ratio tests.

Results

In this study, 63 toddlers were enrolled, and data from 62 were included (31 female [49%]; mean [SD] age, 26.1 [3.4] months; median [IQR] age, 25.0 [18.6-32.6] months). When toddlers were playing a commercial game on a tablet, they responded to fewer joint attention prompts (crossed random effects model, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.06 prompts) and male toddlers took longer to acknowledge a behavioral request (interaction of content and sex, −0.75; 95% CI, −1.36 to −0.17). The negative impact of the tablet game was larger as child age increased (τ = −2.30; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0; P = .03). Greater media use at home was associated with decreased responding to joint attention prompts during the tablet game (ρ = −0.47; P < .001), while better language skills were associated with more joint attention during play with a real toy (ρ = 0.31; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, a touch-screen tablet game was associated with decreased joint attention among toddlers and they were less likely to respond to a behavioral request. In a laboratory setting, it was difficult for toddlers to engage in social-communicative interactions with adults when using a tablet media device.
Heterogeneity in Antidepressant Treatment and Major Depressive Disorder Outcomes Among Clinicians
Authors: Rathnam Sarah , Hart Kamber L. , Sharma Abhishek , Verhaak Pilar F. , McCoy Thomas H. , Doshi-Velez Finale , Perlis Roy H.
Published: July 2024

Importance

While abundant work has examined patient-level differences in antidepressant treatment outcomes, little is known about the extent of clinician-level differences. Understanding these differences may be important in the development of risk models, precision treatment strategies, and more efficient systems of care.

Objective

To characterize differences between outpatient clinicians in treatment selection and outcomes for their patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder across academic medical centers, community hospitals, and affiliated clinics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a longitudinal cohort study using data derived from electronic health records at 2 large academic medical centers and 6 community hospitals, and their affiliated outpatient networks, in eastern Massachusetts. Participants were deidentified clinicians who billed at least 10 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) or Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnoses of major depressive disorder per year between 2008 and 2022. Data analysis occurred between September 2023 and January 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Heterogeneity of prescribing, defined as the number of distinct antidepressants accounting for 75% of prescriptions by a given clinician; proportion of patients who did not return for follow-up after an index prescription; and proportion of patients receiving stable, ongoing antidepressant treatment.

Results

Among 11 934 clinicians treating major depressive disorder, unsupervised learning identified 10 distinct clusters on the basis of ICD codes, corresponding to outpatient psychiatry as well as oncology, obstetrics, and primary care. Between these clusters, substantial variability was identified in the proportion of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants prescribed, as well as in the number of distinct antidepressants prescribed. Variability was also detected between clinician clusters in loss to follow-up and achievement of stable treatment, with the former ranging from 27% to 69% and the latter from 22% to 42%. Clinician clusters were significantly associated with treatment outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

Groups of clinicians treating individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibit marked differences in prescribing patterns as well as longitudinal patient outcomes defined by electronic health records. Incorporating these group identifiers yielded similar prediction to more complex models incorporating individual codes, suggesting the importance of considering treatment context in efforts at risk stratification.
Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Treatment-Refractory Bipolar Depression
Authors: Sheline Yvette I. , Makhoul Walid , Batzdorf Alexandra S. , Nitchie Frederick J. , Lynch Kevin G. , Cash Robin , Balderston Nicholas L.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Bipolar disorder (BD) is chronic and disabling, with depression accounting for the majority of time with illness. Recent research demonstrated a transformative advance in the clinical efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) using an accelerated schedule of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS), but the effectiveness of this treatment for treatment-refractory BD is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of aiTBS for treatment-refractory BD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial, conducted from March 2022 to February 2024, included individuals with treatment-resistant BD with moderate to severe depressive episodes referred from the Penn Bipolar outpatient clinic. Included patients had 2 or more prior failed antidepressant trials by Antidepressant Treatment History Form criteria and no other primary psychiatric diagnosis, were receiving a mood stabilizer for 4 or more weeks, and had a Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score of 20 or higher.

Intervention

Prior to treatment, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compute personalized left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex target by connectivity to subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Patients were randomized 1:1 to 10 sessions per day of imaging-guided active or sham aiTBS for 5 days with 1 session per hour at 90% resting motor threshold for 90 000 pulses total.

Main Outcome and Measures

The main outcome was repeated MADRS scores before and after treatment.

Results

A total of 24 participants (12 [50%] female; 12 [50%] male; mean [SD] age, 43.3 [16.9] years) were randomized to active (n = 12) or sham (n = 12) aiTBS. All participants completed treatment and 1-month follow-up. MADRS scores were significantly lower in the active group (mean [SD], 30.4 [4.8] at baseline; 10.5 [6.7] after treatment) than in the sham group (28.0 [5.4] at baseline; 25.3 [6.7] after treatment) at treatment end (estimated difference, –14.75; 95% CI, –19.73 to –9.77; P < .001; Cohen d, –2.19).

Conclusion and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, aiTBS was more effective than sham stimulation for depressive symptom reduction in patients with treatment-resistant BD. Further trials are needed to determine aiTBS durability and to compare with other treatments.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05228457
COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Ryan J. Michael
Published: July 2024

When the World Health Organization first declared the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, more commonly known as COVID‐19, to be a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, few people in the world were prepared for what was about to happen. Schools closed, offices were shuttered, people were advised to stay at home, and the global economy started to tumble. The world also began to see a deterioration in areas such as mental health, domestic violence, and race‐based acts of discrimination and violence. Many words and phrases rarely used in everyday conversations before the pandemic gained ground in the popular vocabulary, including “misinformation,” “essential worker,” and “lockdown.” In short, the world changed, as did the lives of nearly everyone. This entry looks specifically at issues of employment, the economy, education, vaccines, and social inequality.
Feminism and Sociology
Authors: Barnes Barbara A.
Published: July 2024

Feminism and sociology have shaped each other in countless ways, but the degree and nature of how the two fields have impacted each other are complicated because the relationship between them has been variable and somewhat irregular, rather than one of steadily growing mutual influence. This is because sociology is a fragmented field, made up of multiple and varied subfields and approaches, and there are multiple and diverse feminisms. Nonetheless, feminist sociologists have created innovative and influential sociological theories and methods, while challenging sexism within the discipline.
Refugee Movements
Authors: Robinson Courtland
Published: July 2024

Refugee movements are defined as the involuntary migration of people across international borders as a result of generalized conflict and disorder, or more particularized threats of persecution and physical insecurity. The concept of “refugee” is generally treated as one category within a broader typology of forced migration, which includes involuntary movements both within and across international borders and encompasses other categories such as internally displaced persons, development‐displaced persons, climate‐displaced persons, and survivors of human trafficking. As of the end of 2021, the number of refugees was estimated at 27.1 million people, including 4.6 million Venezuelans displaced abroad. The Syrian Arab Republic produced 6.8 million refugees, followed by 2.7 million refugees from Afghanistan, 2.4 million refugees from South Sudan, and 1.2 million refugees from Myanmar. Of these, just under half are female and about 41 percent are under the age of 18. About 5 percent of refugees are older adults (aged 60 and older), under half of whom are women. In early 2022 war in Ukraine led to 6 million Ukrainian refugees fleeing to other countries, with another 7 million internally displaced.
Sex‐Based Wage Gap (Gender Pay Gap) and Comparable Worth
Authors: Firestone Juanita M. , Harris Richard J. , Gaytán Marie Sarita
Published: July 2024

The sex‐based wage gap, better known as thegender pay gap, is a measure of what women earn relative to men in the workforce. Although the gap has declined since the 1960s, disparities persist. Women, on average, continue to earn less than men across all industries. Comparable worth, also calledpay equity, refers to reform efforts that address the gender pay gap by comparing jobs that are equal to or similar in value to an employer. Thus, if two jobs require equivalent levels of skill, education, and responsibility, the two should also have equivalent salaries. Comparable worth initiatives seek to correct the persistent wage inequalities between men and women.
A mechanism of customizing learning programs for older adults’ lifelong learning
Authors: Suto Hidetsugu , Wang Qianran
Published: July 2024

Japan, like many countries, is facing problems with an aging society, and lifelong learning is becoming more and more important. To provide older adults with the opportunity to enroll in lifelong learning programs, it is essential to offer suitable programs. However, designing learning programs for older adults is not easy because they may have various physical and mental conditions. To approach the problem, the authors have proposed a mechanism for personalizing learning programs for older adults. The basic ideas of the mechanism are: (1) omitting unessential steps and (2) suggesting collaboration with others. In this paper, the algorithm and the data structures of the mechanism are explained, and results of experiments are shown.
Highly Conductive Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Fibers Produced by Dry‐Jet Wet Spinning
Authors: Wang Hao‐Zike , Jiao Xin‐Yu , Gao Zhao‐Qing , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Xu Le‐Le , Shi Chao , Liang Yan , Wang Yun‐Peng , Liu Chang
Published: July 2024

Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are considered an ideal candidate as next‐generation conducting wires due to their high conductivity and low density. However, the orientation and compaction of the nanotubes in a CNTF need to be further improved to achieve even higher conductivity and ampacity. Here the fabrication of double‐wall CNTFs (DWCNTFs) is reported by a dry‐jet wet spinning method, which significantly improves the orientation and compaction of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). As a result, the obtained DWCNTFs have a record high electrical conductivity of 1.1 × 107 S m−1 and ampacity of 8.0 × 108 A m−2. The fibers also have a high tensile strength of 1.65 GPa and a toughness of 130.9 MJ m−3, among the highest for wet‐spun CNTFs. The DWCNTFs preserve their integrity and conductivity after more than 5000 bending cycles. Theoretical calculations indicate that in a dry‐jet wet‐spinning process, gravity promotes the orientation of the CNTs along the axial direction of the fiber.
Harnessing Liquid Metals with In Situ Polymerized Electrolyte for Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Kim Dohun , Kim Byung‐Kook , Park Sangbaek
Published: July 2024

To enhance safety and energy density in conventional Li‐ion batteries, anode‐free or zero‐lithium configurations using only a current collector (CC) in the anode have emerged. However, challenges including rapid Li dendrite growth, low Coulombic efficiency, safety concerns, and thickness issues hinder the practical use of anode‐free batteries (AFBs) with liquid electrolytes (LEs) or solid electrolytes (SEs). Herein, potential AFBs using an anode current collector coated with a liquid metal (LM)@C nanocomposite with an in situ polymerized electrolyte (PE) are reported. Interestingly, LM nanoparticles added to the composite layer on CC play a crucial role in promoting uniform Li plating/stripping behavior through a self‐healing mechanism, along with reversible liquid–solid–liquid phase transitions caused by alloying and de‐alloying of Li and LMs. Furthermore, incorporating in situ polymerized electrolytes stabilizes LMs by preventing the agglomeration of LM nanoparticles, resulting in significantly improved cell performance compared to other conventional LEs. A systematical model study with ex situ analysis unveils the synergetic effects between LMs and PE, along with elucidating the mechanism of in situ polymerization and Li‐LMs reactions. The investigation contributes valuable insights for future studies on practical applications of AFBs using polymer electrolytes and composite interlayers.
Spectral‐Selective and Adjustable Patterned Polydimethylsiloxane/MXene/Nanoporous Polytetrafluoroethylene Metafabric for Dynamic Infrared Camouflage and Thermal Regulation
Authors: Li Bai‐Xue , Luo Zhuo , Sun Hao , Quan Qiuyan , Zhou Shuai , Yang Wei‐Guang , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Yang Dongzhi
Published: July 2024

Most low infrared emissivity coatings for anti‐infrared reconnaissance are merely suitable for targets warmer than their surroundings, and their flexibility and wearability are unsatisfactory for dynamic stealth applications. Herein, a spectral‐selective and adjustable patterned polydimethylsiloxane/MXene/nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene metafabric with an asymmetric structure is designed, which achieves spectral selectivity of reflection/emission in mid‐infrared wavebands and synchronous reflection/absorption of solar light, integrating “shielded infrared stealth” and “compensatory thermal camouflage” in temperature‐change scenarios. By synergizing the low infrared emissivity of MXene and the effective heat‐transfer suppression of the patterned polydimethylsiloxane, the metafabric obtains an infrared emissivity of as low as ≈28% and minimizes the radiative temperature difference between a target of 36 °C and its low‐temperature surroundings even to 2.5 °C. Conversely, the metafabric adaptively unitizes its surface infrared signature with its high‐temperature background via the thermal energy compensation supplied by the solar‐thermal/electrothermal conversion of MXene and the powerful radiation emission of the outer polydimethylsiloxane. Besides, the metafabric creates a comfortable skin‐interface microclimate by the high solar‐light reflection of the nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene and exhibits satisfactory electromagnetic interference shielding performances, mechanical flexibility, self‐cleaning, and antioxidation. This work provides a new strategy for designing multifunctional thermal camouflage materials for counter‐reconnaissance in changeable surroundings.
Nanometer Control of Ruddlesden‐Popper Interlayers by Thermal Evaporation for Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Datta Kunal , Kim Sanggyun , Li Ruipeng , LaFollette Diana K. , Yang Jingwei , Perini Carlo A. R. , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo
Published: July 2024

Solution‐processed Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) interlayers in lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) present processing challenges due to fast film formation and uncontrolled growth of phases and layer thickness at interfaces. In this work, an alternative, solvent‐free, thermal co‐evaporation process is developed to deposit RP interlayers. The method provides precise control on interlayer thickness and enables understanding its role on charge‐carrier extraction. Studying RP film growth reveals the development of heterointerfaces when deposited on three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite layers. This allows a large thickness window with an optimum between 20 nm and 40 nm to improve the optoelectronic properties of the underlying 3D perovskite. Solar cells using evaporated interlayers achieve power conversion efficiency of 21.6%, compared to 19.6% for untreated devices, driven by improvements in the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. This work sheds light on the importance of phase and thickness control of passivation layers, which ultimately determine the solar cell performance in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Polypyrrole on Carbon Cloth for High‐Performance Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Ming , Yu Xianghua , Huang Huabo , Ji Jiayou , Li Liang
Published: July 2024

The nature of rigidity and low energy density of polypyrrole (PPy)‐based electrodes limits their wide application in flexible energy storage devices. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped polypyrrole (PPy)/oxidized carbon cloth (OCC) (rGO@PPy/OCC) is prepared by the polymerization of pyrrole using MnO2 as the oxidant on the surface of OCC followed by the adsorption and reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The prepared rGO@PPy/OCC electrode exhibits a high gravimetric specific capacitance of 547 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a high area specific capacitance of 1641 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. It nearly maintains the initial capacitance after 8000 cycles at a high scan rate of 200 mV s−1 and at a large current density of 10 A g−1. Moreover, the flexible rGO@PPy/OCC electrodes are used to construct flexible solid‐state supercapacitors (FSSC). The FSSC based on rGO@PPy/OCC exhibits a high energy density (33.89 Wh kg−1 and 101.81 µWh cm−2) and a capacitance retention of 95.10% after 1000 bending cycles, demonstrating the excellent cycling stability and flexibility. Therefore, it is potential for rGO@PPy/OCC as a flexible electrode to fabricate high‐performance FSSC.
Ultra‐Stable and Bright Pure‐Red Perovskite Nanocrystals for Backlit Displays
Authors: Zhang Yuze , Ren Zhenwei , Shi Hengfei , Zheng Zhiyong , Zhou Xin , Luo Chengzhao , Ji Huifeng , Chen Hua , Wang Yanyan , Chen Yu
Published: July 2024

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as an alternative to conventional phosphors for wide color gamut displays. However, the issues of poor stability and low emission efficiency of pure‐red CsPbBrxI3‐x NCs set an obstacle to their practical application. Herein, the synergistic effect of Mn doping and mesoporous SiO2 sealing is reported through in situ formation of Mn‐doped NCs into mesoporous SiO2 nanospheres (MnNCs@SiO2) to structurally and spatially stabilize the perovskite NCs for bright and stable pure‐red emitter. The large bonding energy of Mn‐halogen effectively suppresses the halide vacancy defects, prompting the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 84% (634 nm) among the pure‐red composite analogs. More importantly, the nanocrystal structure stability is fundamentally improved by the enhanced formation energy with Mn doping, together with the spatial isolation by SiO2 nanospheres. The MnNCs@SiO2 films exhibit impressive stabilities against high‐temperature heating, thermal cycle test, UV irradiation, water, and acid/alkali erosion, representing one of the most stable pure‐red perovskite emitters. By integrating fabricated all‐perovskite CsPbX3 single color conversion film into the liquid crystal display (LCD) modules, a wide color gamut of 128% of NTSC is achieved, enabling an excellent color rendition for high‐saturation object colors toward practical applications.
Active Full‐Color Generation Based on a Liquid Crystal‐Integrated Plasmonic Metasurface
Authors: Huo Dewang , Li Guoqiang
Published: July 2024

Structural colors based on metasurfaces outperform traditional pigments and dyes in terms of nonfading, high spatial resolution, and high stability, usually incorporating active materials for tunability. Liquid crystals (LCs) are suitable for tunable structural color design due to their large birefringence and fast modulation by external stimuli. However, most LC‐integrated structural colors focus on tailoring the polarization angle of incident light to generate two colors and their mixing. Herein, a scheme of full‐color generation based on a plasmonic metasurface integrated with LCs utilizing the combination of the polarization angle rotation effect of the twisted‐nematic LCs and the refractive index modulation through the realignment of the LCs near the metasurface is demonstrated. Based on the proposed structural color method, full‐color generation of a record color gamut of 60.7% standard Red Green Blue region, equivalent to 43% National Television Standards Committee area, in the LC‐integrated metasurface, has been numerically realized by tuning the bias voltage of the LCs in reflection. The achieved color gamut is nearly 4 times wider than the previously reported result. The proposed active full‐color generation metasurface shows great potential in applications for low‐power reflective color display, anticounterfeiting, and optical encoding.
Broadband Quantum Efficiency Enhancement of Al0.3InAsSb p–i–n Photodiodes with All‐Dielectric Amorphous Germanium Metasurfaces
Authors: Wei Dongxia , Guo Bingtian , Dadey Adam A. , McArthur J. Andrew , Bai Junwu , Bank Seth R. , Campbell Joe C.
Published: July 2024

Transparent amorphous germanium (a‐Ge) has emerged as a promising material for engineering nanostructures and metasurfaces, offering significant potential for enhancing the performance of photonic devices in the short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectrum. Herein, the successful application of a‐Ge metasurfaces with a truncated pyramid profile to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of a digital alloy Al0.3InAsSb p–i–n photodiode across a broad‐wavelength range in the SWIR is presented. The experimental findings demonstrate a broadband enhancement in EQE. Two metasurface samples are designed to emphasize different‐wavelength ranges. Notably, 51% improvement in EQE at 1550 nm and 125% enhancement at 2000 nm is achieved. Finite‐difference time domain simulations show that the observed EQE improvement originates from the reduction of reflection and electromagnetic field enhancement. This study underscores the promising role of a‐Ge metasurfaces in advancing the capabilities of SWIR photodetectors. It lays the groundwork for further exploration in optoelectronic device enhancements.
Transforming Renal Diagnosis: Graphene‐Enhanced Lab‐On‐a‐Chip for Multiplexed Kidney Biomarker Detection in Capillary Blood
Authors: Diforti Joaquin F. , Cunningham Thomas , Zegalo Zaira , Piccinini Esteban , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Piccinini Jose M. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health concern, impacting over 10% of the world population. Despite advances in home‐based treatments, CKD diagnosis and monitoring remain centralized in large laboratories. This work reports on the development of a Graphene‐based Lab‐On‐a‐Chip (G‐LOC) for the self‐testing of multiple renal function biomarkers in capillary blood. G‐LOC integrates bioelectronic sensors with a 3D‐printed microfluidic system that enables the multiplex quantification of urea, potassium, sodium, and chloride, from one drop of blood. The potentials of three graphene sensors modified with ion‐selective membranes and enzymes are simultaneously measured. The analytical performance of the test is evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and coefficient of variability (CV). Accuracy values higher than 98.7%, and CV values lower than 10.8% are obtained for all the biomarkers. Correlation and Bland–Altman plots show good correlation (slopes in the range of 0.94–1.15) and high agreement of G‐LOC with a reference method. It is also demonstrated that the test can correctly differentiate biomarker levels normally obtained for healthy people, early‐stage CKD, and end‐stage CKD. Finally, user experience is studied with a group of untrained volunteers who highlight the simple usability of the test and its suitability for at‐home diagnostics.
Advancements in Asymmetric Supercapacitors: From Historical Milestones to Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Sadavar Shrikant Vaiju , Lee Seul‐Yi , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: July 2024

Numerous challenges, like the uninterrupted supply of electricity, stable and reliable power, and energy storage during non‐operational hours, arise across various industries due to the absence of advanced energy storage technologies. With the continual technological advancements in portable electronics, green energy, and transportation, there are inherent limitations in their innovative production. Thus, ongoing research is focused on pursuing sustainable energy storage technologies. An emerging solution lies in the development of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs), which offer the potential to extend their operational voltage limit beyond the thermodynamic breakdown voltage range of electrolytes. This is achieved by employing two distinct electrode materials, presenting an effective solution to the energy storage limitations faced by ASCs. The current review concentrates on the progression of working materials to develop authentic pseudocapacitive energy storage systems (ESS). Also, evaluates their ability to exceed energy storage constraints. It provides insights into fundamental energy storage mechanisms, performance evaluation methodologies, and recent advancements in electrode material strategies. The review approaches developing high‐performance electrode materials and achieving efficient ASC types. It delves into critical aspects for enhancing the energy density of ASCs, presenting debates and prospects, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding and design principles for next‐generation ASCs in diverse applications.
Tailoring Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction and Spin‐Hall Topological Hall Effect in Insulating Magnetic Oxides by Interface Engineering
Authors: Xu Zedong , Zhu Yuanmin , Wang Yuming , Li Xiaowen , Liu Qi , Chen Kai , Wang Junling , Jiang Yong , Chen Lang
Published: July 2024

Chiral spin textures, as exotic phases in magnetic materials, hold immense promise for revolutionizing logic, and memory applications. Recently, chiral spin textures have been observed in centrosymmetric magnetic insulators (FMI), due to an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI). However, the source and origin of this iDMI remain enigmatic in magnetic insulator systems. Here, the source and origin of the iDMI in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/substrate structures are deeply delved by examining the spin‐Hall topological Hall effect (SH‐THE), an indication of chiral spin textures formed due to an iDMI. Through carefully modifying the interfacial chemical composition of Pt/YIG/substrate with a nonmagnetic Al3+ doping, the obvious dependence of SH‐THE on the interfacial chemical composition for both the heavy metal (HM)/FMI and FMI/substrate interfaces is observed. The results reveal that both interfaces contribute to the strength of the iDMI, and the iDMI arises due to strong spin−orbit coupling and inversion symmetry breaking at both interfaces in HM/FMI/substrate. Importantly, it is shown that nonmagnetic substitution and interface engineering can significantly tune the SH‐THE and iDMI in ferrimagnetic iron garnets. The approach offers a viable route to tailor the iDMI and associated chiral spin textures in low‐damping insulating magnetic oxides, thus advancing the field of spintronics.
Machine learning models for classifying coffee fruits detachment force
Authors: Meneses Mariana D. , dos Santos Carreira Vinicius , de Almeida Moreira Bruno Rafael , do Vale Welington Gonzaga , de Souza Rolim Glauco , da Silva Rouverson Pereira
Published: July 2024

The maturation process of coffee (Coffea arabica) trees exhibits inherent variability, producing fruits at various physiological maturity stages. This variability affects the resistance between the fruit and its peduncle, posing a challenge in mechanized harvesting: non‐selective harvesting. A precise classification of coffee fruit detachment force is essential to address this challenge, ensuring coffee's quality and producer's profitability. This study assesses the efficacy of machine learning (ML) models in determining the detachment force across various coffee cultivars under drip‐irrigated and rainfed conditions. The dataset included detachment force measurements from 24 cultivars—13 drip‐irrigated and 11 rainfed—yielding 1152 data points. Variance analysis compared irrigation methods and three maturity stages: green, cherry, and dry. Detachment force was categorized into four classes based on the dataset's quartile distribution. The ML models utilized were random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbors, and artificial neural networks. The SVM model was notably effective in classifying detachment force for rainfed cultivars, with a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.78. In contrast, the RF model was particularly adept for drip‐irrigated cultivars, with an MCC of 0.75. The highest classification accuracies were recorded for the extreme force classes I and IV, with precision values of 0.93 and 0.8, respectively, while classes II and III had lower precision at 0.57 and 0.69. Implementing these ML models for detachment force classification has been beneficial, improving decision‐making in mechanized harvesting systems.