bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gene cluster for fatty alcohol synthesis from a Reinekea‐related bacterium that accumulates fatty alcohols
Authors: Teramoto Maki
Published: September 2018

This study reports on a marine bacterium that accumulates fatty alcohols (C14,16,18) at more than 1% (w/w) of the dry cell weight. This unique bacterium, designated as strain 1–4, is related to the genus Reinekea. A novel gene cluster for fatty alcohol synthesis, phsAB, is identified from strain 1–4. The phsA product shows significant homology to fatty acyl‐CoA reductase (51% identity), whereas the phsB product shows very low homology to lipases. Interestingly, phsA alone causes Escherichia coli to accumulate fatty alcohols at 19% (w/w) of the dry cell weight. Moreover, the phsA‐containing E. coli accumulate more fatty alcohols (24%) and grow faster after phsB is introduced, indicating that phsAB could greatly assist the mass production of fatty alcohols.
[18F]AV‐1451 binding is increased in frontotemporal dementia due to C9orf72 expansion
Authors: Bevan‐Jones Richard W. , Cope Thomas E. , Jones Simon P. , Passamonti Luca , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim , Arnold Robert , Coles Jonathan P. , Aigbirhio Franklin A. , Patterson Karalyn , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B.
Published: September 2018

The PET ligand [18F]AV‐1451 was developed to bind tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, but increased binding has been shown in both genetic tauopathies and in semantic dementia, a disease strongly associated with TDP‐43 pathology. Here we assessed [18F]AV‐1451 binding in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72, characterized by TDP‐43 pathology. We show that the C9orf72 mutation increases binding in frontotemporal cortex, with a distinctive distribution of binding compared with healthy controls.
Adverse Events and Resource Use Before and After Treat‐to‐Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Solomon Daniel H. , Yu Zhi , Katz Jeffrey N. , Bitton Asaf , Corrigan Cassandra , Fraenkel Liana , Harrold Leslie R. , Smolen Josef S. , Losina Elena , Lu Bing
Published: September 2018

Objective

Treat‐to‐target (TTT) is an accepted paradigm for care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because TTT can be associated with more medication switches, concerns arise regarding whether implementing TTT may increase adverse events and/or resource use. The aim of this study was to examine adverse events and resource use during the preintervention and intervention periods of the TTT intervention trial.

Methods

We used data from 6 practices enrolled in an 18‐month cluster‐randomized controlled trial to compare adverse events and resource use before (months 1–9) and during (months 10–18) a TTT intervention. The outcomes of interest, adverse events and resource use, were based on medical record review of all rheumatology visits for RA patients before and during the intervention.

Results

We examined records for 321 patients before the intervention and 315 during the intervention. An adverse event was recorded in 10.2% of visits before the intervention and 8.8% of visits during the intervention (P = 0.41). Biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs were taken by 53.6% of patients before the intervention and 49.8% of patients during the intervention (P = 0.73). Rheumatology visits were more frequent before the intervention (mean ± SD 4.0 ± 1.4) than during the intervention (mean ± SD 3.6 ± 1.2; P = 0.02). More visits were accompanied by monitoring laboratory tests before the intervention (90.0%) compared with during the intervention (52.7%; P < 0.001). A greater percentage of visits before the intervention included diagnostic imaging (15.4%) versus during the intervention (8.9%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We observed similar rates of adverse events before and during the implementation of TTT for RA. Rheumatology visits, use of laboratory monitoring, and diagnostic imaging did not increase during the TTT intervention.
Peptide Mediated Chiral Inorganic Nanomaterials for Combating Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Hao Changlong , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Wu Xiaoling , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: September 2018

Antibiotic resistance is a severe problem worldwide. To address this issue, nanomaterials are applied to combat bacteria. On account of their high biocompatibility, easy surface modifications, and admirable optical properties, quantum dots are widely researched. Here, l‐type cysteine (l‐Cys)‐decorated cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles (NPs) as an agent to combat bacteria based on their photoinduced oxidation feature are reported. Interestingly, l‐Cys CdTe mixed with salmon sperm DNA and then illuminated by right circularly polarized light (RCP) will lead to reaction oxygen species (ROS) production. To achieve a high local concentration of ROS around the membrane and selective adherence to gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this study), l‐Cys CdTe is decorated with a polycationic nonapeptide (PCNP‐l‐Cys CdTe). Upon irradiation, the bacterial membrane is severely damaged by the resulting high local ROS concentration. In addition, PCNP‐l‐Cys CdTe, which has intrinsic fluorescence characteristics, shows outstanding fluorescence imaging ability in vivo. It is successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging‐guided bacterial infection therapy.
Solid Halide Electrolytes with High Lithium‐Ion Conductivity for Application in 4 V Class Bulk‐Type All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Asano Tetsuya , Sakai Akihiro , Ouchi Satoru , Sakaida Masashi , Miyazaki Akinobu , Hasegawa Shinya
Published: September 2018

New lithium halide solid‐electrolyte materials, Li3YCl6 and Li3YBr6, are found to exhibit high lithium‐ion conductivity, high deformability, and high chemical and electrochemical stability, which are required properties for all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) applications, particularly for large‐scale deployment. The lithium‐ion conductivities of cold‐pressed powders surpass 1 mS cm−1 at room temperature without additional intergrain or grain boundary resistances. Bulk‐type ASSB cells employing these new halide solid electrolyte materials exhibit coulombic efficiencies as high as 94% with an active cathode material of LiCoO2 without any extra coating. These superior electrochemical characteristics, as well as their material stability, indicate that lithium halide salts are another promising candidate for ASSB solid electrolytes in addition to sulfides or oxides.
N‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics of Donor–Acceptor Copolymers: Improved Power Factor by Molecular Tailoring of the Density of States
Authors: Liu Jian , Ye Gang , Zee Bas van der , Dong Jingjin , Qiu Xinkai , Liu Yuru , Portale Giuseppe , Chiechi Ryan C. , Koster L. Jan Anton
Published: September 2018

It is demonstrated that the n‐type thermoelectric performance of donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers can be enhanced by a factor of >1000 by tailoring the density of states (DOS). The DOS distribution is tailored by embedding sp2‐nitrogen atoms into the donor moiety of the D–A backbone. Consequently, an electrical conductivity of 1.8 S cm−1 and a power factor of 4.5 µW m−1 K−2 are achieved. Interestingly, an unusual sign switching (from negative to positive) of the Seebeck coefficient of the unmodified D–A copolymer at moderately high dopant loading is observed. A direct measurement of the DOS shows that the DOS distributions become less broad upon modifying the backbone in both pristine and doped states. Additionally, doping‐induced charge transfer complexes (CTC) states, which are energetically located below the neutral band, are observed in DOS of the doped unmodified D–A copolymer. It is proposed that charge transport through these CTC states is responsible for the positive Seebeck coefficients in this n‐doped system. This is supported by numerical simulation and temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient. The work provides a unique insight into the fundamental understanding of molecular doping and sheds light on designing efficient n‐type OTE materials from a perspective of tailoring the DOS.
A Novel Strategy for Scalable High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with New Precursors and Cation Displacement Approach
Authors: Li Fengzhu , Zhang Yu , Jiang Ke‐Jian , Zhang Chaoshen , Huang Jin‐Hua , Wang Huijia , Fan Haochen , Wang Pengcheng , Chen Yongjie , Zhao Wenchao , Li Xiangjun , Yang Lian‐Ming , Song YanLin , Li Yongfang
Published: September 2018

Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) have been extensively employed as precursors for solution‐processed MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the MAPbI3 perovskite films directly deposited from the precursor solutions, usually suffer from poor surface coverage due to uncontrolled nucleation and crystal growth of the perovskite during the film formation, resulting in low photovoltaic conversion efficiency and poor reproducibility. Herein, propylammonium iodide and PbI2 are employed as precursors for solution deposition of propylammonium lead iodide (PAPbI3) perovskite film. It is found that the precursors have good film formability, enabling the deposition of a large‐area and homogeneous PAPbI3 perovskite film by a scalable dip‐coating technique. The dip‐coated PAPbI3 film is then subjected to an organic‐cation displacement reaction, resulting in MAPbI3 film with high surface coverage and crystallinity. With the MAPbI3 film as the light absorber, planar PSCs are fabricated, and stabilized power conversion efficiencies of 19.27% and 15.68% can be achieved for the devices with active areas of 0.09 and 5.02 cm2, respectively. The technology reported here provides a robust and efficient approach to fabricate large‐area and high‐efficiency perovskite cells for practical application.
A Fluorescence Intensity Ratiometric Fiber Optics–Based Chemical Sensor for Monitoring pH
Authors: Rosenberg Martin , Laursen Bo W. , Frankær Christian G. , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: September 2018

Accurate determination of pH is essential, yet a single technology is relied upon for almost all pH measurements. Here, a new optical pH sensor is described. Two highly photostable fluorescent dyes with a polymerizable side chain are incorporated into a composite polymer that allows for fast transport of protons. A pH‐responsive dye and a reference dye with limited response to pH are used, thus allowing for determining pH using a ratiometric fluorescence intensity response. The sensor material—dyes covalently attached in the composite polymer—is deposited on a polycarbonate hemiwicking substrate, and immobilized on the inside of a shaker flask. In this manner, two robust pH optodes with pKa values of 5.30 and 6.11 are prepared. The pH‐responsive composite materials are addressed using fiber optics, and the response is recorded on a fiber spectrometer. The optodes are shown to have low drift, fast response time, no leachables, and the sensor is shown to work in heterogeneous media exemplified with coffee, beer, and cola.
Perspective on Host Materials for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chatterjee Tanmay , Wong Ken‐Tsung
Published: September 2018

Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a new yet promising technology that is anticipated to replace the liquid crystal display technology in the very near future. The development of both the emitter and host materials for OLEDs is indispensable to realize high device efficiency and optimal performance. Though the presently commercialized OLED panels mostly utilize phosphorescence emitters, the all‐organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitting materials have some obvious advantages. Considerable progress has been made in search of better performing TADF OLEDs in the past few years. Although major research attention has been drawn toward reporting new TADF emitters, the hosts are equally important in TADF OLEDs, as the doped films of the emitters mostly yield better results than the nondoped films. There are already some good reviews on the TADF emitters in literature. In this review article, the literature data specifically aimed at hosting TADF dopants are carefully selected and comprehensively summarized and categorized into several sub‐groups based on their structural features to draw the attention of the organic electronics research community toward developing new host materials for TADF OLEDs.
Dual‐center randomized clinical trial exploring the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy following biliary drainage
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohisa , Satoi Sohei , Fujii Tsutomu , Yamada Suguru , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Yamaki So , Takami Hideki , Hirooka Satoshi , Kosaka Hisashi , Kotsuka Masaya , Miyara Takayuki , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The aim of this dual‐center randomized controlled trial was to determine the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) who underwent preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) but were without cholangitis.

Background

Some reports showed that PBD in patients undergoing pancreatectomy increased the rate of perioperative complications. However, no clinical trial has evaluated the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis with a focus on patients who underwent PD following PBD.

Methods

A total of 82 patients who underwent PD between March 2012 and December 2016 were randomly assigned to either a 1‐day group (n = 40), in which cefozopran (CZOP) as antimicrobial prophylaxis was given only on the day of surgery, or a 5‐day group (n = 42), in which CZOP was given for 5 consecutive days beginning on the day of surgery. We evaluated the incidence of infectious and other complications after PD.

Results

Outcomes were significantly better in the 1‐day group compared with the 5‐day group (P < 0.05) in terms of the incidence of overall infectious complications (15% vs 36%, respectively), intra‐abdominal abscess (3% vs 21%, respectively), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (8% vs 24%, respectively), and Clavien‐Dindo grade III‐V complications (10% vs 31%, respectively). Duration of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the 1‐day group (10 days vs 15 days, P = 0.018). Anaerobic bacteria and methicillin‐resistant cocci were isolated from the drainage fluid only among patients in the 5‐day group.

Conclusion

Single‐day prophylactic use of CZOP is appropriate for patients who undergo PD following PBD without preoperative cholangitis.
Measuring Sense of Community Responsibility in Community‐Based Prevention Coalitions: An Item Response Theory Analysis
Authors: Treitler Peter C. , Andrew Peterson N. , Howell Tyriesa Howard , Powell Kristen Gilmore
Published: September 2018

Research on sense of community (SOC) has traditionally been approached from a resource perspective. Recently, however, research on the experience of SOC has evolved to include a related but distinct construct of sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R), or feelings of accountability for the well‐being of a community. This study applied item response theory to examine the psychometric properties of a SOC‐R scale used in an evaluation of community‐based substance abuse prevention coalitions. Data were collected in 2017 from coalition members (analytic sample = 309) in the northeastern United States. Findings indicate that the scale was reliable, unidimensional, and functioned well, particularly at low and moderate levels of the construct. The addition of two items intended to capture higher levels of the construct improved the scale's functioning at higher levels of SOC‐R. The adapted SOC‐R scale was also shown to have moderately strong relationships with conceptually relevant variables, including SOC, coalition participation, number of roles performed in the coalition, and engagement in community action activities. These findings provide empirical evidence to support the reliability and validity of the SOC‐R scale, and have critical implications for our conceptualization of the SOC construct, its measurement, and for the evaluation of community‐based prevention interventions.
A prospective, randomized, single‐blinded trial for improving health outcomes in rhinology by the use of personalized video recordings
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , McCrary Hilary , Romero Erin , Kim Alexander , Chang Eugene , Le Christopher H
Published: September 2018

Background

Clear patient‐physician communication is critical in improving patient compliance, outcomes, and satisfaction. However, constraints of shortened clinic visits, patient anxiety, and poor recall can cause significant barriers to effective communication. We hypothesized that the ability to view patient‐physician counseling videos at home would improve health outcomes.

Methods

Patients in a tertiary rhinology clinic were enrolled into a single‐blinded prospective study after obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval and informed consent. All enrollees had a short summary of their clinical encounter video‐recorded with a tablet using Medical Memory, a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant software system. Patients were randomized to receive access to their videos by our research coordinator, and outcomes included questionnaires at the first postoperative visit to assess patient recall and satisfaction.

Results

A total of 101 patients were enrolled. Half of those with video access watched the video at least once, on average 3.44 times. Of those without access, 90% would have liked the option. Those with video access had a higher percentage of correct answers to questions regarding surgical risk and extent of surgery; however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

Our results show that patients in both groups were enthusiastic about this technology and often shared their videos with family and friends. Video‐recordings of physician‐patient encounters may be a possible solution to improve physician‐patient communication.
Phenolische Bausteine für die Assemblierung von Funktionsmaterialien
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Kristufek Samantha L. , Pan Shuaijun , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank
Published: September 2018

Phenolische Materialien sind seit langem für ihre Verwendung in Farbtinten, in Holzbeschichtungen und zur Ledergerbung bekannt. In letzter Zeit ist jedoch ein wachsendes Interesse an der Entwicklung moderner Werkstoffe aus phenolischen Bausteinen zu verzeichnen. Die intrinsischen Eigenschaften von phenolischen Verbindungen, wie Metallchelat‐Bildung, Wasserstoffbrücken, pH‐Ansprechverhalten, Redoxpotentiale, Radikalfänger, Polymerisation und Lichtabsorption, haben sie zu einer eigenständigen Klasse von Strukturelementen für die Synthese von funktionellen Materialien gemacht. Aus Phenolverbindungen hergestellte Materialien behalten viele ihrer nützlichen Eigenschaften, oft mit synergistischen Effekten bei Anwendungen, die von der Katalyse bis zur Biomedizin reichen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen funktionellen Materialien, die aus natürlichen und synthetischen phenolischen Bausteinen hergestellt werden können, und über ihre Anwendungen.
The Electrochemical Sodiation of FeSb2: New Insights from Operando 57Fe Synchrotron Mössbauer and X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Fehse Marcus , Bessas Dimitrios , Darwiche Ali , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Rahamim Guy , La Fontaine Camille , Hermann Raphael P. , Zitoun David , Monconduit Laure , Stievano Lorenzo , Sougrati Moulay T.
Published: September 2018

Operando Sb K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and 57Fe Synchrotron Mössbauer Spectroscopy, used for the first time in the field of operando energy storage materials, assisted by operando magnetic measurements, were combined to clarify the role of iron and antimony in the electrochemical reaction mechanism of FeSb2 as negative electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIB). Both datasets were analyzed using an innovative chemometric approach involving principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution – alternating least square analysis (MCR‐ALS) yielding new insights on the sodiation reaction. Our findings show that the reaction of Na with FeSb2 during discharge leads to the formation of Na3Sb along with superparamagnetic Fe amorphous nanoparticles which contain small amounts of Sb dissolved in their lattice. During the following desodiation, the pristine material FeSb2 is not recovered while iron nanoparticles grow in size, and continue growing also along the following discharge. Even though such iron nanoparticles remain electrochemically inactive, they play a key role in the reduction and stabilization of the polarization as well as in the reversibility of the electrochemical sodiation of antimony.
Observations below multiple lower limits of quantification: How to estimate the mean and variance
Authors: Berger Tanja , Hilgers Ralf‐Dieter , Heussen Nicole
Published: September 2018

Multiple lower limits of quantification (MLOQs) result if various laboratories are involved in the analysis of concentration data and some observations are too low to be quantified. For normally distributed data under MLOQs there exists only the multiple regression method of Helsel to estimate the mean and variance. We propose a simple imputation method and two new maximum likelihood estimation methods: the multiple truncated sample method and the multiple censored sample method. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performances of the newly introduced methods to Helsel's via the criteria root mean squared error (RMSE) and bias of the parameter estimates. Two and four lower limits of quantification (LLOQs), various amounts of unquantifiable observations and two sample sizes are studied. Furthermore, the robustness is investigated under model misspecification. The methods perform with decreasing accuracy for increasing rates of unquantified observations. Increasing sample sizes lead to smaller bias. There is almost no change in the performance between two and four LLOQs. The magnitude of the variance impairs the performance of all methods. For a smaller variance, the multiple censored sample method leads to superior estimates regarding the RMSE and bias, whereas Helsel's method is superior regarding the bias for a larger variance. Under model misspecification, Helsel's method was inferior to the other methods. Estimating the mean, the multiple censored sample method performed better, whereas the multiple truncated sample method performs best in estimating the variance. Summarizing, for a large sample size and normally distributed data we recommend to use Helsel's method. Otherwise, the multiple censored sample method should be used to obtain estimates of the mean and variance of data including MLOQs.
Illustration of sexual differentiation to undergraduates with a conditional gene expression system
Authors: Shen Jie
Published: September 2018

This work describes the development and evaluation of a two‐session laboratory class based on Tet‐on technology and sex determination in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Tet‐on system allows conditional control of gene expression, when doxycycline is applied. A laboratory exercise has been developed to illustrate how the Tet‐on technology conditionally over‐expresses the key sex determining gene transformer (tra) during development and how to inhibit sex differentiation in males, results in a lack of external genitalia and sex comb size reduction. The laboratory practice is inexpensive and straightforward, while allowing students to understand well how molecular biology technology can change biological processes, including development. © 2018 by International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):523–526, 2018.
New vessels formation in young strokes with isolated steno‐occlusive MCA
Authors: Liang Meng , Wang Peng , Ma Yan , Zhang Xiaohao , Gao Jie , Ma Minmin , Dai Zhengze , Liu Dezhi , Liu Xinfeng
Published: September 2018

Objective

New vessels formation (NVF) along the steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) is often observed in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging. In the study, we aim to explore the clinical relevance of NVF in young ischemic stroke patients with isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images of 93 young ischemic stroke patients (age ≤ 45 years old) in our center from January 2006 to June 2016. All the patients were diagnosed with isolated steno‐occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease.NVF was defined as new vessels formation along the stenotic MCA on anteroposterior DSA projection. The association between NVF and functional outcome was analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of NVF was 0 in moderate stenosis, 15.8% in severe stenosis, and 53.7% in MCA occlusions. The presence of NVF had a strong correlation with the severity of MCA stenosis (r = 0.467, p < 0.001). Compared to patients without NVF, patients with NVF were more likely to suffer an unfavorable functional outcome (6.2% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.061) at 3 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that NVF was associated with unfavorable outcome [Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.159, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = (1.072, 16.137), p = 0.039].

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that NVF were associated with poor clinical outcome in young ischemic stroke patients who were diagnosed with isolated steno‐occlusive MCA.
Socially responsible supplier selection and sustainable supply chain development: A combined approach of total interpretive structural modeling and fuzzy analytic network process
Authors: Chen Yuangao , Wang Shuo , Yao Jianrong , Li Yixiao , Yang Shuiqing
Published: September 2018

Socially responsible supplier selection and sustainable supply chain development involve extremely important decision‐making processes in supply chain management encompassing many quantitative and qualitative factors to consider. Given the vagueness of experts' opinions and the complex interrelationships among evaluation criteria, this study proposes and illustrates a hybrid model that combines total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) and fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) to determine the most appropriate supplier from a social responsibility perspective. We use TISM to explain the interrelationships among variables and the FANP to calculate specific scores for each candidate. We illustrate an application of the proposed hybrid model using a case study from the Chinese food industry. The result demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of combining TISM and the FANP for socially responsible supplier selection. This research may provide managerial insights for practitioners to evaluate suppliers and develop sustainable supply chain strategies.
Professional development, connections support profession, effective policing
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2018

When Thomas Bacigalupi was transferred to criminal investigations in the George Mason University Police Department, he started looking around for training on investigative work specifically related to college and university law enforcement. He found that little was available.
Complying with the Clery Act
Authors: Miles David
Published: September 2018

In my 38 years in public safety at a college or university, I have seen many changes in the field, and the one change many of us struggle with on a yearly basis is making sure we comply with the Clery Act.
Report shows rise in incidents of violence in some states
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2018

More than half of all violent incidents on campus occur in just 11 states, according to a report from the Educator's School Safety Network, an education‐based nonprofit that focuses on promoting safety in K–12 schools and higher education institutions. The report ranked states in four categories: states with the greatest number of threats of violence; states with the greatest number of incidents of violence; states with the greatest number of threats per million residents; and states with the greatest number of incidents per million residents.
Low Energy Consumption of High‐Speed Centrifuges
Authors: Szepessy Stefan , Thorwid Peter
Published: September 2018

A sharp reduction of the energy consumption of a high‐speed centrifuge was obtained following several design changes, while still maintaining separation capacity. This reduction is necessary for making some applications commercially interesting, e.g., large‐volume flow rates in the growing biopharma industry. The reduction was achieved by modifying flow paths of the rotor, i.e., reducing the outlet radius to minimize angular momentum losses and lowering the pressure drop of the internal flow. Further, removing air outside the rotor reduced aerodynamic losses, and using a direct drive motor, losses encountered with gear or belt drives were eliminated. This way, an average energy reduction of 50 % was obtained.
Development of Forecast Formulas for Assessing the Dust Formation Tendency of Moist Bulk Materials Using the UNC Dustiness Tester
Authors: Londershausen Tim , Schmidt Eberhard
Published: September 2018

The typically undesired release of particles from bulk materials can occur in a wide range of material‐handling processes and thus present a hazard to humans and the environment. Therefore, the dust formation tendency is an important material property and depends on the specific type of stress. A forecast of the dust formation tendency could simplify and expedite the assessment of possible hazard potentials as it would eliminate the need for comprehensive testing. For this paper, the UNC dustiness tester was applied to analyze the dust formation tendency of nine different materials. Based on the results obtained and taking account of the measurement method, it was possible to develop an apparatus‐specific forecast parameter, which allowed the derivation of empirical forecast formulas for the UNC dustiness tester.
The Energy Consumed by Electrochemical Molecular Machines as Self‐Sensor of the Reaction Conditions: Origin of Sensing Nervous Pulses and Asymmetry in Biological Functions
Authors: Otero Toribio F. , Beaumont Samuel
Published: September 2018

For reactions involving molecular machines (artificial or biochemical), the evolution of the reaction energy, or that of any of its components, adapts to and senses the working thermal, chemical, or mechanical conditions. Here, the state of the art and the attained sensing equations of the oxidation/reduction of conducting polymers seen as replicating materials and reactions of the intracellular matrix of functional cells (molecular machines, ions and water) are reviewed. The adapting reaction energy in actuating muscles and other organs can originate the nervous pulses translating its quantitative energetic information (thermal, fatigue state and mechanical) to the brain. Besides, reversible oxidation/reduction charges originate a great asymmetry of the consumed reaction energies, which could explain why evolution has selected and improved the most efficient of the two reactions to drive full asymmetric biological functions such as muscle contraction or the flow of nervous signals. The material reaction drives volume variations and energetic adaptation, two simultaneous functions that have allowed the development of artificial sensing‐muscles postulated to replicate some primitive artificial proprioception.
Applications of Pyrolytic Polyaniline for Renewable Energy Storage
Authors: Luo Yani , Guo Ruisong , Li Tingting , Liu Zhichao , Li Fuyun , Wang Baoyu , Zheng Mei , Yang Zhiwei , Wan Yizao , Luo Honglin
Published: September 2018

A large number of studies have shown that nitrogen‐doped carbon can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of renewable energy storage devices. Polyaniline, as a carbon precursor rich in nitrogen heteroatoms, can be pyrolyzed to introduce a high content of structural nitrogen atoms into the carbon skeleton to fundamentally change the global properties of carbon materials including physical properties (e. g. surface polarity, electric conductivity, and wettability) and chemical properties (e. g. basicity and additional pseudocapacitance). Thus, nitrogen doping is extensively applied in the field of Li‐ion batteries, Li‐sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors to obtain excellent performance. Doping with different kinds of nitrogen configurations (e. g. pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N) shows respective mechanisms for the electrode materials of different energy storage devices. These mechanisms and applications of pyrolytic polyaniline in Li‐ion batteries, Li‐sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors are illustrated in detail here.
Binding Modes and Selectivity of Ruthenium Complexes to Human Telomeric DNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Rubio‐Magnieto Jenifer , Kajouj Sofia , Di Meo Florent , Fossépré Mathieu , Trouillas Patrick , Norman Patrick , Linares Mathieu , Moucheron Cécile , Surin Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Metal complexes constitute an important class of DNA binders. In particular, a few ruthenium polyazaaromatic complexes are attractive as “light switches” because of their strong luminescence enhancement upon DNA binding. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the binding modes of several mononuclear and binuclear ruthenium complexes to human telomeric sequences, made of repeats of the d(TTAGGG) fragment is reported. These DNA sequences form G‐quadruplexes (G4s) at the ends of chromosomes and constitute a relevant biomolecular target in cancer research. By combining spectroscopy experiments and molecular modelling simulations, several key properties are deciphered: the binding modes, the stabilization of G4 upon binding, and the selectivity of these complexes towards G4 versus double‐stranded DNA. These results are rationalized by assessing the possible deformation of G4 and the binding free energies of several binding modes via modelling approaches. Altogether, this comparative study provides fundamental insights into the molecular recognition properties and selectivity of Ru complexes towards this important class of DNA G4s.
Aerobic Aliphatic Hydroxylation Reactions by Copper Complexes: A Simple Clip‐and‐Cleave Concept
Authors: Becker Jonathan , Zhyhadlo Yevheniia Y. , Butova Ekaterina D. , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Förster Moritz , Holthausen Max C. , Specht Pascal , Schindler Siegfried
Published: September 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue are Siegfried Schindler, Peter R. Schreiner, Andrey A. Fokin, Max C. Holthausen, and co‐workers from Justus‐Liebig‐Universität Giessen, Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute, and Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt. The image depicts the clip‐and‐cleave concept for selective hydroxylation of aldehydes (adamantane 1‐carbaldehyde is shown as an example). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802607.
Interactions of C−F Bonds with Hydridoboranes: Reduction, Borylation and Friedel–Crafts Alkylation
Authors: Bamford Karlee L. , Chitnis Saurabh S. , Qu Zheng‐wang , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: September 2018

The stoichiometric reactions of the alkylfluorides 1‐fluoroadamantane (Ad‐F), fluorocyclohexane (Cy‐F), 1‐fluoropentane (Pent‐F) and benzyl fluorides with secondary boranes pinacolborane (HBpin), catecholborane (HBcat), 9‐borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane (9‐BBN) and Piers’ borane (HB(C6F5)2) are described. While HBcat, 9‐BBN and HB(C6F5)2 reduce Ad‐F to Ad‐H, the latter borane was shown to react with secondary and primary fluoroalkanes, affording C−F borylation, while benzyl fluorides undergo Friedel–Crafts chemistry.
Outcomes of multidisciplinary treatment planning in US cancer care settings
Authors: Prabhu Das Irene , Baker Melanie , Altice Cheryl , Castro Kathleen M. , Brandys Barbara , Mitchell Sandra A.
Published: September 2018

Multidisciplinary treatment planning (MTP) is a process of engaging multiple disciplines to develop or refine the disease management plan. It is widely implemented in US cancer treatment settings and is considered to have favorable effects on both care quality and other outcomes. However, evidence reviews to date regarding MTP effectiveness have based their conclusions on studies conducted predominantly outside the United States. The authors conducted a systematic review of US‐based studies to synthesize and critically appraise evidence of the effects of MTP on cancer care quality, health services outcomes, and survival. Database searches identified studies of MTP outcomes conducted in US cancer care settings from 2000 to 2017. Forty‐five studies met criteria for inclusion. MTP was associated with favorable effects on several indicators of cancer care quality, including delivery of guideline‐concordant treatment and improvements in diagnostic accuracy, staging completeness, surgical technique, and timeliness. Effects on survival and clinical trials enrollment were mixed. Delivery formats for MTP were generally not well described, and study designs were nonrandomized, limiting the ability to identify mediators of intervention effects. Continued study is warranted to clarify effective components of MTP interventions, and to understand the mechanism(s) through which MTP produces favorable effects on outcomes.
“Like heart valve clinic, it probably saves lives, but… Who has time for that?” The challenge of disseminating multidisciplinary cancer care in the United States
Authors: Osarogiagbon Raymond U.
Published: September 2018

Multidisciplinary care is much advocated, little practiced. Prabhu Das and colleagues report on their comprehensive review of the published literature from the United States on the effects of this model of care delivery and demonstrate the dearth of high‐quality studies of the process and outcome benefits of this structural model of cancer care delivery.
A new era of neoadjuvant treatment with Pertuzumab: Should the 10‐lymph node guideline for axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer be revised?
Authors: O'Leary Michael P. , Beckord Brian J. , Mock Kyle E. , Venegas Rose J. , Yeh James J. , Dauphine Christine E. , Ozao‐Choy Junko J.
Published: September 2018

Background

Pertuzumab has improved pathologic complete response rates when compared with other chemotherapeutics in the treatment of HER‐2 positive breast cancer patients.

Aims

We sought to determine if axillary lymph node dissections (ALNDs) yielding at least the national standard of 10 lymph nodes is lower in patients who received neoadjuvant pertuzumab.

Methods and Results

A retrospective database identified patients who underwent ALND for breast cancer. We compared the axillary lymph node retrieval rates in those who received or did not receive neoadjuvant pertuzumab. Of 139 breast cancer patients who underwent ALND, fewer than 10 axillary lymph nodes were found in 41.7% of patients who received neoadjuvant pertuzumab (P < 0.01) and 18.6% of patients who received neoadjuvant therapy without pertuzumab (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a significantly lower rate of “adequate” ALNDs as defined by current guidelines. The patient subset that received neoadjuvant pertuzumab was more likely to have fewer than 10 axillary lymph nodes retrieved.
One‐round provably secure yoking‐proof for RFID applications
Authors: Sun Da‐Zhi , Zhu Ze‐Guang , Xu Guang‐Quan , Guo Wei
Published: September 2018

The yoking‐proof is the evidence that two or more RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags have been scanned simultaneously. Thanks to the IoT (Internet of Things), the yoking‐proof scheme becomes a very useful mechanism in many application areas such as health care and supply chain. However, the existing yoking‐proof schemes require two or more rounds of communication to generate the yoking‐proof. Following our idea presented in IEEE TrustCom 2017, we further investigate how to design the one‐round yoking‐proof scheme with efficiency advantage. Our contributions are threefold: (1) we propose a new timestamp‐based scheme for the RFID tag pair; (2) we prove the security and privacy of the proposed scheme under our models; (3) the proposed scheme is extended for the m > 2 RFID tags. In addition, the extended scheme still maintains one‐round of communication to generate the yoking‐proof.
Conformations and Binding Properties of Thiametoxam and Clothianidin Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: The Contribution of σ‐Hole Interactions
Authors: Alamiddine Zakaria , Thany Steeve , Graton Jérôme , Le Questel Jean‐Yves
Published: September 2018

The structural features and molecular‐interaction properties of thiamethoxam (THA) and clothianidin (CLO) – two neonicotinoids – have been investigated through a combined approach based on a wide range of molecular modeling methods and X‐ray‐structure observations. Despite their close chemical structures, significant differences are emphasized by QM (DFT), docking, molecular dynamics, and QM/QM′ calculations. Thus, for the first time, their propensity to interact through chalcogen‐bond interactions is highlighted. The influence of the surroundings on this behavior is pointed out: in CLO, an intramolecular S⋅⋅⋅N chalcogen bond is shown to stabilize the structure in the solid state whereas the interaction leads to the preferred conformations in the isolated and continuum solvent models for both compounds. Interestingly, this interaction potential appears to be used for their binding toAc‐AChBP through intermolecular S⋅⋅⋅O chalcogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of Tyr195. The use of a suitable level of theory to describe properly these interactions is underlined, the classical methods being unsuited to highlight these interactions. The contribution of halogen bonding through the chlorine atom of the chlorothiazole ring in the binding of the two compounds is also underlined, both in the solid state and in theAc‐AChBP surroundings. However, the accommodation of the two insecticides in the binding site leads to the fact that a halogen‐bond contribution is pointed out only for CLO.
Hydrogen‐Generating Ru/Pt Bimetallic Photocatalysts Based on Phenyl‐Phenanthroline Peripheral Ligands
Authors: O'Reilly Laura , Pan Qing , Das Nivedita , Wenderich Kasper , Korterik Jeroen P. , Vos Johannes G. , Pryce Mary T. , Huijser Annemarie
Published: September 2018

Recent studies on hydrogen‐generating supramolecular bimetallic photocatalysts indicate a more important role of the peripheral ligands than expected, motivating us to design a Ru/Pt complex with 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline peripheral ligands. Photoinduced intra‐ and inter‐ligand internal conversion processes have been investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy, spanning the femto‐ to nanosecond timescale. After photoexcitation and ultrafast intersystem crossing, triplet states localised on either the peripheral ligands or on the bridging ligand/catalytic unit are populated in a non‐equilibrated way. Time‐resolved photoluminescence demonstrates that the lifetime for the Ru/Pt dinuclear species (795±8 ns) is significantly less than that of the mononuclear analogue (1375±20 ns). The photocatalytic studies show modest hydrogen turnover numbers, which is possibly caused by the absence of an excited state equilibrium. Finally, we identify challenges that must be overcome to further develop this class of photocatalysts and propose directions for future research.
How becoming a mother shapes implicit and explicit responses to infant cues
Authors: Senese Vincenzo P. , Miranda Maria C. , De Falco Simona , Venuti Paola , Bornstein Marc H.
Published: September 2018

This study (a) investigates effects of the transition to motherhood on implicit and explicit responses to infant cues; (b) assesses influences of prior parenting and delivery experiences on implicit and explicit responses to infant cues; and (c) investigates relations between implicit and explicit responses to infant cues and parenting beliefs. A total of 45 pregnant women were followed from the sixth month of pregnancy to the third month after the childbirth and were administered a Single Category Implicit Association Test, a semantic differential scale, the Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection scale, and the Parental Style Questionnaire. The transition to motherhood influenced explicit not implicit responses; only implicit responses were shaped by prior parenting experiences and mode of delivery; and parenting beliefs were related in independent and different ways to implicit and explicit evaluations. These findings indicate that implicit responses are valid and meaningful indices of maternal responsiveness to infants.
Newly shed litters contain an abundance of extractable humus carbon in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Jiaping , Zhang Yu , Yang Wanqin , Tan Bo , Yue Kai , Fu Changkun , Ni Xiangyin , Wu Fuzhong
Published: September 2018

Humus is an important component of soil organic matter, but little attention has been paid to humus in newly shed litters. Moreover, the influence of climatic factors and chemical composition on the variation in humus carbon (HC) among different litter components and foliar litter in plant functional types is unknown. We conducted a field experiment in a subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau in southwestern China from April 2016 to November 2016. Sixty litter collectors were fixed at three sampling sites that had been randomly established in the study area. The collected litter was classified as foliar litter (evergreen tree species versus deciduous tree species and tree species versus shrub species), twig litter, flower and fruit litter, and miscellaneous litter. The results clearly showed that extractable HC was abundant in the newly shed litters and exhibited significant seasonal trends. The concentrations of HC, humic acid carbon (HAC), and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) in the foliar litter were greater than those in the other plant components throughout the study period. In addition, the HC concentrations in four plant components peaked in July. In contrast, the HC concentrations in evergreen tree species stably remained at high levels, with a peak in July. The HAC concentrations in the foliar litter, twig litter, and miscellaneous litter exhibited irregular fluctuation trends, and maxima occurred in August. Furthermore, the total HC stock in the plant components in the study area was 1294.40 kg/hm2, of which the HAC stock constituted 471.38 kg/hm2 and the FAC stock constituted 820.02 kg/hm2. The results presented here suggest that newly shed litters contain an abundance of extractable HC in this subalpine forest, revealing the initial state of organic carbon in the total alkaline solutions before it is transferred from the plant litter to the soil.
Formation of [(CnC1imTe)4Hg]2+ (n = 6, 8) upon in‐situ Generation of Dialkylimidazole‐2‐Tellurones in Ionic Liquids at Room Temperature
Authors: Donsbach Carsten , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of a homoleptic HgII complexes with in situ‐formed N‐heterocyclic carbene telluride ligands is reported. Tetrakis(1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazole‐2‐tellurone) mercury(II), [(C6C1imTe)4Hg]2+ (1), and tetrakis(1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazole‐2‐tellurone) mercury(II), [(C8C1imTe)4Hg]2+ (2), emerge from reaction mixtures containing telluridomercurate anions and potassium cations in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (CnC1Im)[BF4] (n = 6, 8), if these are exposed to ambient conditions, that is, air, moisture and room temperature. The compounds crystallize with two of the ionic liquid cations each, and form van der Waals dimers via Te···Te interactions in the crystal. Although being coordinated in a homoleptic manner, the orientation of the imidazolium ligands is such that two of them undergo π‐stacking interactions, while the others interact with neighboring units via their alkyl chains.