bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interplay between Cellular Senescence, Immunity, and Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hernandez-Gonzalez Fernanda , Pietrocola Federico , Cameli Paolo , Bargagli Elena , Prieto-González Sergio , Cruz Tamara , Mendoza Nuria , Rojas Mauricio , Serrano Manuel , Agustí Alvar , Faner Rosa , Gómez-Puerta Jose A. , Sellares Jacobo
Published: July 2024

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are characterized by the gradual and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in our comprehension of the pathobiology driving fibrosing ILDs, particularly concerning various age-related cellular disturbances and immune mechanisms believed to contribute to an inadequate response to stress and increased susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Emerging studies emphasize cellular senescence as a key mechanism implicated in the pathobiology of age-related diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence, marked by antagonistic pleiotropy, and the complex interplay with immunity, are pivotal in comprehending many aspects of lung fibrosis. Here, we review progress in novel concepts in cellular senescence, its association with the dysregulation of the immune response, and the evidence underlining its detrimental role in fibrosing ILDs.
A Systematic Review on Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kürtösi Balázs , Kazsoki Adrienn , Zelkó Romána
Published: July 2024

This systematic review offers a comprehensive analysis of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) as emerging drug delivery systems, focusing on original research articles published between 2016 and 2024 that exclusively examine the use of PDEVs for drug delivery. After a rigorous search across multiple databases, 20 relevant studies out of 805 initial results were selected for analysis. This review systematically summarizes the critical data on PDEV components, isolation methods, and drug-loading techniques. It highlights the potential of PDEVs to significantly enhance drug safety and efficacy, reduce dosage and toxicity, and align drug development with sustainable and environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. This review also emphasizes the advantages of PDEVs over mammalian-derived vesicles, such as cost-effectiveness, higher yield, and reduced immunogenicity. Additionally, it explores the synergistic potential between encapsulated drugs and bioactive compounds naturally present in PDEVs. This study acknowledges the challenges in standardizing isolation and formulation methods for clinical use. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of PDEV-based drug delivery systems, highlighting their promising role in advancing pharmaceutical research and development.
Identification and Functional Analysis of V-ATPaseA and C Genes in Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Dan , Wang Qian , Liu Yanan , Lu Xiujun , Guo Wei
Published: July 2024

Vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play multifaceted roles across various organisms. Despite their widespread significance, the functional implications of V-ATPase genes in Hyphantria cunea, an invasive forest pest with a global presence, have yet to be elucidated. In this study, two specific V-ATPase genes from H. cunea were identified and analyzed, namely HcV-ATPase A (accession number: OR217451) and HcV-ATPase C (accession number: OR217452). Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment reveal that HcV-ATPase A shares the highest amino acid sequence similarity with SfV-ATPase A, while HcV-ATPase C is most similar to HaV-ATPase C. Spatiotemporal expression profiles, determined via RT-qPCR, demonstrate that both HcV-ATPase A and HcV-ATPase C are expressed throughout all larval developmental stages, with HcV-ATPase A predominantly expressed in the midgut and HcV-ATPase C showing high expression in the epidermis. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of these genes significantly suppressed their expression by 62.7% and 71.0% 120 h post-injection, leading to halted larval growth and increased mortality rates of 61.7% and 46.7%, respectively. Further investigations using immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that gene silencing induced vesiculation and subsequent losses or sloughing of intestinal parietal cells, alongside an increase in the number of autophagic cells. Additionally, the silencing of HcV-ATPase A and C genes resulted in a reduced gut epidermal cell layer thickness and further increases in goblet cell numbers. Importantly, RNAi of HcV-ATPase A and C did not affect the expression levels of one another, suggesting independent functional pathways. This study provides foundational insights into the role of V-ATPase in H. cunea and identifies potential targets for the biocontrol of its larvae, contributing to the understanding of V-ATPase mechanisms and their application in pest management strategies.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Pathogenesis, Oral Manifestations, and the Role of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Di Stasio Dario , Guida Agostino , Romano Antonio , Petruzzi Massimo , Marrone Aldo , Fiori Fausto , Lucchese Alberta
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern with significant systemic implications, including a range of oral manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the oral and dental pathologies related to HCV, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms linking such conditions to HCV and the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Common oral manifestations of HCV include oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontal disease, and xerostomia. The pathogenesis of these conditions involves both direct viral effects on oral tissues and indirect effects related to the immune response to HCV. Our literature analysis, using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, suggests that both the HCV infection and the immune response to HCV contribute to the increased prevalence of these oral diseases. The introduction of DAA therapy represents a significant advancement in HCV treatment, but its effects on oral manifestations, particularly OLP, are still under evaluation. Although a possible mechanism linking HCV to OSCC is yet to be determined, existing evidence encourages further investigation in this sense. Our findings highlight the need for established protocols for managing the oral health of patients with HCV, aiming to improve outcomes and quality of life.
The Predictive Value of Aortic Calcification on Computed Tomography for Major Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Chlorogiannis David-Dimitris , Pargaonkar Sumant , Apostolos Anastasios , Vythoulkas-Biotis Nikolaos , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Nagraj Sanjana
Published: July 2024

As the prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to increase, early identification of patients at high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using reliable diagnostic modalities is important. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive percutaneous procedure used to replace the aortic valve with a bioprosthetic one, often without the need for surgery. Extra coronary calcification in the ascending and/or descending thoracic aorta, aortic arch, and abdominal aorta has recently been identified as a method to quantify the extent of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, its definitive role in the prediction of MACE remains unclear. We performed a comprehensive review to summarize the current literature on the diagnostic and predictive value of thoracic and abdominal aortic calcification, as quantified in computed tomography, for the association, risk stratification, and prediction of MACE and after TAVI procedures. Despite increasing evidence, the predictive role of thoracic calcification still remains unproven, with a need for carefully tailored studies to confirm these findings.
Risk Factors for Unplanned Higher-Level Re-Amputation and Mortality after Lower Extremity Amputation in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Guerra Andres , Guo Michelle , Boyd Riley M. , Zakharevich Marina , Hoel Andrew W. , Vavra Ashley K. , Chung Jeanette W. , Ho Karen J.
Published: July 2024

Background: The factors associated with unplanned higher-level re-amputation (UHRA) and one-year mortality among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) after lower extremity amputation are poorly understood. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study of patients who underwent amputations for CLTI between 2014 and 2017. Unadjusted bivariate analyses and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) from logistic regression models were used to assess associations between pre-amputation risk factors and outcomes (UHRA and one-year mortality). Results: We obtained data on 203 amputations from 182 patients (median age 65 years [interquartile range (IQR) 57, 75]; 70.7% males), including 118 (58.1%) toe, 20 (9.9%) transmetatarsal (TMA), 37 (18.2%) below-knee (BKA), and 28 (13.8%) amputations at or above the knee. Median follow-up was 285 days (IQR 62, 1348). Thirty-six limbs (17.7%) had a UHRA, and the majority of these (72.2%) were following index forefoot amputations. Risk factors for UHRA included non-ambulatory status (AOR 6.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–26.18; p < 0.10) and toe pressure < 30 mm Hg (AOR 4.89, 95% CI 1.52–15.78; p < 0.01). One-year mortality was 17.2% (n = 32), and risk factors included coronary artery disease (AOR 3.93, 95% CI 1.56–9.87; p < 0.05), congestive heart failure (AOR 4.90, 95% CI 1.96–12.29; p = 0.001), end-stage renal disease (AOR 7.54, 95% CI 3.10–18.34; p < 0.001), and non-independent ambulation (AOR 4.31, 95% CI 1.20–15.49; p = 0.03). Male sex was associated with a reduced odds of death at 1 year (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.89; p < 0.05). UHRA was not associated with one-year mortality. Conclusions: Rates of UHRA after toe amputations and TMA are high despite revascularization and one-year mortality is high among patients with CLTI requiring amputation.
Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Enhance Safety and Individualize Distraction of Severely Contracted Joints in Far-Advanced Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: Müller-Seubert Wibke , Cai Aijia , Horch Raymund E.
Published: July 2024

Background: Slow distraction of contracted joints is a well-established treatment in far-advanced stages of Dupuytren’s disease (DD). To assess finger perfusion and avoid malperfusion, we studied near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to evaluate the maximum extent of distraction that would not harm microcirculation to the finger. This technique also allows an optimized treatment in accordance with sufficient blood perfusion during distraction. Methods: Eligible patients with stage IV finger contractures who needed treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture were included and prospectively investigated. The operation was performed with local anaesthesia. First, the Dupuytren strand of the treated finger was dissected in the palm to allow distraction. Under X-ray control, the distraction device was applied. Then, slow distraction of the treated joint was performed to evaluate the finger perfusion. To assess perfusion of the treated finger, NIRS was used to measure tissue oxygen saturation. If impaired finger perfusion was detected, traction was reduced until sufficient oxygen levels and perfusion patterns were reestablished. Results: NIRS was performed after application of the distraction device in seven cases. We treated six male and one female patient (mean age 70 years, range 51–80 years). Rapid distraction resulted in malperfusion of the treated fingers. Using NIRS proved to render reliable and reproducible information on finger perfusion and oxygenation in all seven patients. Conclusions: Application of NIRS enhances safety in the treatment of far-advanced DD finger contractures with an external skeletal distraction device. It is non-invasive, reproducible, easy to use and allows for an individualized adapted distraction velocity.
The Role of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Advanced-Heart-Failure Patients
Authors: Martini Luca , Lisi Matteo , Pastore Maria Concetta , Righini Francesca Maria , Rubboli Andrea , Henein Michael Y. , Cameli Matteo
Published: July 2024

Health care is currently showing a fall in heart failure (HF) incidence and prevalence, particularly in developed countries, but with only a subset receiving appropriate therapy to protect the heart against maladaptive processes such as fibrosis and hypertrophy. Appropriate markers of advanced HF remain unidentified, which would help in choosing the most suitable therapy and avoid major compliance problems. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a good choice, being a non-invasive imaging technique which is able to assess cardiac deformation in a variety of conditions. Several multicenter studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated the clinical application and accuracy of STE in early and late stages of HF, as well as its association with both left ventricular (LV) filling pressures and myocardial oxygen consumption. Furthermore, STE assists in assessing right ventricular free-wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS), which is a solid predictor of right ventricle failure (RVF) following LV assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, STE is known for its limitations; despite these, it has been shown to explain symptoms and signs and also to be an accurate prognosticator. The aim of this review is to examine the advantages of STE in the early evaluation of myocardial dysfunction and its correlation with right heart catheterization (RHC) parameters, which should have significant clinical relevance in the management of HF patients.
A Preliminary Study of the Occurrence of Genetic Changes in mtDNA in the Muscles in Children Treated for Strabismus
Authors: Pawłowski Wojciech , Reszeć-Giełażyn Joanna , Cechowska-Pasko Marzanna , Urban Beata , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina
Published: July 2024

Background: The dysregulation of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the strabismus may be partly due to modification in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, little is known about changes occurring in mtDNA of EOMs in patients with strabismus, therefore the aim of our study was to analyze if there are any changes occurring in the mitochondrial DNA of extraocular muscles in children that underwent strabismus surgery in our clinic. Methods: MtDNA was isolated from the tissue material using the Qiagen kit. Assessment of mtDNA mutations was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the Illumina MiSeq protocol. Results: The examination revealed the presence of atrophic changes in muscle fibers. NGS evaluation revealed a dominant genetic mutation in the ANT1 gene in 12 of the 15 patients examined. Conclusions: The presented results constitute the beginning of research on changes in mtDNA occurring in the muscles of children with strabismus surgery. Further studies are necessary in the context of resolving the transcriptomic differences between strabismic and non-strabismic EOMs. Better understanding of the molecular genetics of strabismus will lead to improved knowledge of the disease mechanisms and ultimately to a more effective treatment.
Utilizing ChatGPT for Curriculum Learning in Developing a Clinical Grade Pneumothorax Detection Model: A Multisite Validation Study
Authors: Chang Joseph , Lee Kuan-Jung , Wang Ti-Hao , Chen Chung-Ming
Published: July 2024

Background: Pneumothorax detection is often challenging, particularly when radiographic features are subtle. This study introduces a deep learning model that integrates curriculum learning and ChatGPT to enhance the detection of pneumothorax in chest X-rays. Methods: The model training began with large, easily detectable pneumothoraces, gradually incorporating smaller, more complex cases to prevent performance plateauing. The training dataset comprised 6445 anonymized radiographs, validated across multiple sites, and further tested for generalizability in diverse clinical subgroups. Performance metrics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The model achieved a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 0.97, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98, demonstrating a performance comparable to that of many FDA-approved devices. Conclusions: This study suggests that a structured approach to training deep learning models, through curriculum learning and enhanced data extraction via natural language processing, can facilitate and improve the training of AI models for pneumothorax detection.
Effect of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components
Authors: Cho Young Hye , Lee Sang Yeoup
Published: July 2024

Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of ovarian function in women, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55 [...]
An Innovative Method for the Conservative Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis Using the GraviSpine Device According to the Concept of Spinal Reflex Balance
Authors: Kluszczyński Marek , Zaborowska-Sapeta Katarzyna , Kowalski Ireneusz , Karpiel Ilona Sylwia
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is more effective as a result of early diagnosis in conjunction with the use of specific physiotherapy and bracing techniques. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of specific physiotherapy developed according to the concept of spinal reflex balance using the GraviSpine device. This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Methods: A total of 199 patients aged 6–17 years, with a mean age of 11.26 ± 3.35 years, including 168 girls (84.4%) and 31 boys (15.6%), out of a total of 830 patients treated for IS at the Scoliosis Treatment Center in 2014–2019 were included in the assessment, which was conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study group was divided into three age groups. Group A subjects were 6–9 years old; group B, 10–12 years old; and group C, 13–17 years old. The mean follow-up time was 28.71 ± 10.98 months. Treatment outcomes were compared, based on changes in the Cobb angle and the angle of trunk rotation before and after treatment, both within the groups and with respect to sex and curvature location, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cobb angle changes in patients were classified as improvements, stabilizations, or deteriorations according to the SOSORT criteria. Results: A majority of patients improved or stabilized after treatment, with 67%, 71%, and 90% of subjects in groups A, B, and C, respectively, achieving these results. In group C (the oldest children), a statistically significant reduction of −1.84° ± 6.88° (6.31%) in the mean Cobb angle was achieved after treatment. With regard to sex, improvements and stabilizations accounted for 81% of cases in girls and 61% in boys, respectively. With respect to location, statistically significant reductions in the Cobb angle were noted for thoracic and thoracolumbar spines of −2.2° ± 7.54° (10.17%) p = 0.022 and −2.2° ± 6.58° (6.36%) p = 0.049, respectively. A significant reduction in the mean angle of trunk rotation was obtained in the group and in three curvature locations. Conclusions: Based on the presented research findings, the utilization of the GraviSpine device as an adjunct to specific PSSE (physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises) physiotherapy and bracing in the management of pediatric patients with mild to moderate scoliosis appears to enhance treatment efficacy.
Epidemiology and Management Paradigm of Head and Neck Infections, Including COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Maxillofacial Center of Cluj-Napoca
Authors: Faur Cosmin Ioan , Moldovan Mădălina Anca , Paraschivescu Tino , Megieșan Sergiu , Roman Rareș Călin
Published: July 2024

Background. The management of odontogenic infections varies across the globe. To shed light on the subject, this study delves into the practices of the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at Cluj-Napoca County Hospital. Material and Methods. This comprehensive retrospective analysis of 10 years of clinical experience covered a range of factors, including demographics, clinical and investigations factors, medical and surgical treatment approaches, and follow-up. Additionally, the study examined the change in trends over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. While head and neck infection occurrence had a decreasing trend before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pandemic era the number of patients almost doubled. The infections were prevalent in the submandibular space, teeth being the prevalent cause. Young adults are prone to suffer from odontogenic infections. High levels of C reactive protein, ASA II-IV risk, and hepatic dysfunction indicated a longer time of hospitalization. The majority of antibiograms were negative, and the positive ones indicated Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species as prevalent pathogens. Extra- or intraoral surgical drainage and wide-spectrum antibiotics proved to be the workhorse for odontogenic infections. Conclusion. This study advances our understanding of oral and maxillofacial surgery and offers actionable strategies for improving patient outcomes in similar healthcare institutions worldwide.
Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Advanced Design and Process Strategies for Multi-Functional Lattice Structures
Authors: Bhat Chinmai , Prajapati Mayur Jiyalal , Kumar Ajeet , Jeng Jeng-Ywan
Published: July 2024

The properties of each lattice structure are a function of four basic lattice factors, namely the morphology of the unit cell, its tessellation, relative density, and the material properties. The recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) have facilitated the easy manipulation of these factors to obtain desired functionalities. This review attempts to expound on several such strategies to manipulate these lattice factors. Several design-based grading strategies, such as functional grading, with respect to size and density manipulation, multi-morphology, and spatial arrangement strategies, have been discussed and their link to the natural occurrences are highlighted. Furthermore, special emphasis is given to the recently designed tessellation strategies to deliver multi-functional lattice responses. Each tessellation on its own acts as a novel material, thereby tuning the required properties. The subsequent section explores various material processing techniques with respect to multi-material AM to achieve multi-functional properties. The sequential combination of multiple materials generates novel properties that a single material cannot achieve. The last section explores the scope for combining the design and process strategies to obtain unique lattice structures capable of catering to advanced requirements. In addition, the future role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in developing function-specific lattice properties is highlighted.
On Strain-Hardening Behavior and Ductility of Laser Powder Bed-Fused Ti6Al4V Alloy Heat-Treated above and below the β-Transus
Authors: Cerri Emanuela , Ghio Emanuele
Published: July 2024

Laser powder bed-fused Ti6Al4V alloy has numerous applications in biomedical and aerospace industries due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. The brittle α′-martensite laths confer both the highest yield and ultimate tensile strengths; however, they result in low elongation. Several post-process heat treatments must be considered to improve both the ductility behavior and the work-hardening of as-built Ti6Al4V alloy, especially for aerospace applications. The present paper aims to evaluate the work-hardening behavior and the ductility of laser powder bed-fused Ti6Al4V alloy heat-treated below (704 and 740 °C) and above (1050 °C) the β-transus temperature. Microstructural analysis was carried out using an optical microscope, while the work-hardening investigations were based on the fundamentals of mechanical metallurgy. The work-hardening rate of annealed Ti6Al4V samples is higher than that observed in the solution-heat-treated alloy. The recrystallized microstructure indeed shows higher work-hardening capacity and lower dynamic recovery. The Considère criterion demonstrates that all analyzed samples reached necking instability conditions, and uniform elongations (>7.8%) increased with heat-treatment temperatures.
The Influence of Slide Burnishing on the Technological Quality of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Steel
Authors: Dyl Tomasz , Rydz Dariusz , Szarek Arkadiusz , Stradomski Grzegorz , Fik Joanna , Opydo Michał
Published: July 2024

Metal products for the metallurgical and machinery industries must meet high requirements in terms of their performance, including reliability, accuracy, durability and fatigue strength. It is also important that materials commonly used to manufacture such products must meet specific requirements. Therefore, various techniques and technologies for modifying the surface layer are becoming more and more widely used. These include burnishing, which may be dynamic or static. This article studies the process of slide burnishing of surfaces of cylindrical objects. The burnishing was performed using a slide burnisher with a rigid diamond-tipped clamp on a general-purpose lathe. The tests were performed for corrosion-resistant steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of changes in burnishing conditions and parameters—feed rate, burnisher depth and burnishing force at a constant burnishing speed—on the surface roughness and hardness. Additionally, the microstructure was assessed in the critical areas: the surface and the core. Another phenomenon observed was surface cracking, which would be destructive due to the occurrence of indentation. In the paper, it was stated that the microstructure, or rather the grains, in the area of the surface layer was oriented in the direction of deformation. It was also observed that in the area of the surface layer, no cracks or other flaws were revealed. Therefore, slide burnishing not only reduces the surface roughness but hardens the surface layer of the burnished material.
Investigation of the Potential of Repurposing Medium-Density Fiberboard Waste as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Ranaweera Kavitha H. , Grainger Megan N. C. , French Amanda , Sirimuthu Narayana , Mucalo Michael
Published: July 2024

Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) waste generation has increased steadily over the past decades, and therefore, the investigation of novel methods to recycle this waste is very important. The potential of repurposing MDF waste as an adsorbent for the treatment of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions in water was investigated using MDF offcuts. The highest adsorption potential in single-metal ion solution systems was observed for Pb(II) ions. The experimental data of Pb(II) ions fit well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Complexation and electrostatic interactions were identified as the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption behavior of multi-metal ion adsorption systems was investigated by introducing Cd(II) ions as a competitive metal ion. The presence of the Cd(II) ions reduced the adsorption potential of Pb(II) ions, yet the preference for the Pb(II) ions remained. Regeneration studies were performed by using 0.1 M HCl as a regeneration agent for both systems. Even though a significant amount of adsorbed metal ions were recovered, the adsorption potential of the MDF was reduced in the subsequent adsorption cycles. Based on these results, MDF fines have the potential to be used as an economical adsorbent for remediation of wastewater containing heavy metal ions.
Modeling and Strength Calculations of Parts Made Using 3D Printing Technology and Mounted in a Custom-Made Lower Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Śpiewak Szczepan , Wojnicz Wiktoria , Awrejcewicz Jan , Mazur Magdalena , Ludwicki Michał , Stańczyk Bartosz , Zagrodny Bartłomiej
Published: July 2024

This study is focused on the application of 3D-printed elements and conventional elements to create a prototype of a custom-made exoskeleton for lower limb rehabilitation. The 3D-printed elements were produced by using Fused Deposition Modeling technology and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. The scope of this work involved the design and construction of an exoskeleton, experimental testing of the ABS material and numerical research by using the finite element method. On the basis of the obtained results, it was possible to deduce whether the load-bearing 3D-printed elements can be used in the proposed mechanical construction. The work contains full data of the material models used in FEM modeling, taking into account the orthotropic properties of the ABS material. Various types of finite elements were used in the presented FE models. The work is a comprehensive combination of material testing issues with the possibility of implementing the obtained results in numerical strength models of machine parts.
Iodine Adsorption in Nanoporous Carbon to Fabricate Assimilated Battery Electrodes for Durable Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Larasati Lucyana Dwi , Supiyeva Zhazira , Islam Md Tauhidul , Abbas Qamar
Published: July 2024

A hybrid supercapacitor is designed by coupling a battery electrode with a capacitive electrode in a single device/cell to enhance energy density. In iodine-based hybrid supercapacitors, the nanoporous carbon serves as the electrode material; however, the cathode or positive electrode is charged with iodine via electrodeposition from a redox aqueous electrolyte, while a negative electrode stores charges at the electric double-layer. In this work, iodine is loaded via physical adsorption into the porosity of a carbon electrode, keeping the aqueous electrolyte free from iodide redox moieties. By this way, the risk of polyiodide (I3− and I5−) generation at the positive electrode leading to a shuttling-related performance loss of the hybrid supercapacitor is prevented. Chemical interactions of iodine with the carbon surface and within the pores have been investigated with Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and electron microscopy. Electrochemical methods have been used to test individual electrodes and hybrid supercapacitors in aqueous NaNO3 and aqueous LiTFSI at 5 mol/L concentration for performance parameters such as energy efficiency, capacitance, self-discharge and cyclability. The hybrid supercapacitor in aqueous LiTFSI exhibits stable capacitance and energy efficiency during long-term aging tests at 1.5 V. Carbon nanoarchitecturing with iodine as shown in the present work offers an economical approach to enhance the performance of hybrid supercapacitors.
Enhancing the Flexural Strength of AlN with an Additional Cross-Linking Mechanism in the Aqueous Isobam Gelling System
Authors: He Yixuan , Wang Xiaohong , Ding Ning , Jiang Hai , Lu Wenzhong
Published: July 2024

Isobam is widely used for fabricating ceramics through spontaneous gelation and has attracted considerable interest. However, the disadvantage of the Isobam system is the low gelation strength. The effects of suitable additives and the mechanism by which they effectively enhance the green body strength and the rheological behavior of an aluminum nitride (AlN) slurry with 50 vol% solid loading were investigated using polyethyleneimine (PEI), hydantoin epoxy resin, and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPGE). Results showed that the additives acted as both dispersants and cross-linkers in the AlN suspension using the Isobam gelling system. The flexural strength of the AlN green body increased by 42%, 204%, and 268% with the addition of 1 wt% PEI, 1 wt% hydantoin epoxy resin, and 0.5 wt% TMPGE, respectively. After sintering at 1700 °C, the AlN ceramic with 0.5 wt% TMPGE had flexural strength and thermal conductivity of 235 MPa and 166.44 W/(m·K), respectively, showing superior performance to the ceramics without additives.
Fabricating Spinel-Type High-Entropy Oxides of (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr)3O4 for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hao Xiaofei , Wang Ran , Tan Xiumin , Zhang Xiufeng , Liu Xupo , Wu Zhaoyang , Yuan Dongli
Published: July 2024

Fabricating efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for water electrocatalysis. Herein, the spinel-type high-entropy oxides of (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr)3O4 were synthesized through the high-temperature calcination approach. The influences of calcination temperatures on structures and electrochemical properties were investigated. The optimized catalyst of HEO-900 contains the hybrid structure of regular polyhedrons and irregular nanoparticles, which is beneficial for the exposure of electrochemically active sites. It was identified that the abundant high-valence metal species of Ni3+, Co3+, Fe3+, Mn4+, and Cr3+ are formed during the OER process, which is generally regarded as the electrochemically active sites for OER. Because of the synergistic effect of multi-metal active sites, the optimized HEO-900 catalyst indicates excellent OER activity, which needs the overpotential of 366 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, HEO-900 reveals the prominent durability of running for 24 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 without clear delay. Therefore, this work supplies a promising route for preparing high-performance multi-metal OER electrocatalysts for water electrocatalysis application.
Preparation, Deformation Behavior and Irradiation Damage of Refractory Metal Single Crystals for Nuclear Applications: A Review
Authors: Jiao Benqi , Han Weizhong , Zhang Wen , Hu Zhongwu , Li Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

Refractory metal single crystals have been applied in key high-temperature structural components of advanced nuclear reactor power systems, due to their excellent high-temperature properties and outstanding compatibility with nuclear fuels. Although electron beam floating zone melting and plasma arc melting techniques can prepare large-size oriented refractory metals and their alloy single crystals, both have difficulty producing perfect defect-free single crystals because of the high-temperature gradient. The mechanical properties of refractory metal single crystals under different loads all exhibit strong temperature and crystal orientation dependence. Slip and twinning are the two basic deformation mechanisms of refractory metal single crystals, in which low temperatures or high strain rates are more likely to induce twinning. Recrystallization is always induced by the combined action of deformation and annealing, exhibiting a strong crystal orientation dependence. The irradiation hardening and neutron embrittlement appear after exposure to irradiation damage and degrade the material properties, attributed to vacancies, dislocation loops, precipitates, and other irradiation defects, hindering dislocation motion. This paper reviews the research progress of refractory metal single crystals from three aspects, preparation technology, deformation behavior, and irradiation damage, and highlights key directions for future research. Finally, future research directions are prospected to provide a reference for the design and development of refractory metal single crystals for nuclear applications.
Quantum Mechanics Characterization of Non-Covalent Interaction in Nucleotide Fragments
Authors: Tarek Ibrahim Mayar , Wait Elizabeth , Ren Pengyu
Published: July 2024

Accurate calculation of non-covalent interaction energies in nucleotides is crucial for understanding the driving forces governing nucleic acid structure and function, as well as developing advanced molecular mechanics forcefields or machine learning potentials tailored to nucleic acids. Here, we dissect the nucleotides’ structure into three main constituents: nucleobases (A, G, C, T, and U), sugar moieties (ribose and deoxyribose), and phosphate group. The interactions among these fragments and between fragments and water were analyzed. Different quantum mechanical methods were compared for their accuracy in capturing the interaction energy. The non-covalent interaction energy was decomposed into electrostatics, exchange-repulsion, dispersion, and induction using two ab initio methods: Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) and Absolutely Localized Molecular Orbitals (ALMO). These calculations provide a benchmark for different QM methods, in addition to providing a valuable understanding of the roles of various intermolecular forces in hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking. With SAPT, a higher theory level and/or larger basis set did not necessarily give more accuracy. It is hard to know which combination would be best for a given system. In contrast, ALMO EDA2 did not show dependence on theory level or basis set; additionally, it is faster.
Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Castro Jorge Iván , Payan-Valero Alana , Valencia-Llano Carlos-Humberto , Valencia Zapata Mayra Eliana , Mina Hernández Jose Herminsul , Zapata Paula A. , Grande-Tovar Carlos David
Published: July 2024

Bone tissue engineering is a promising alternative to repair wounds caused by cellular or physical accidents that humans face daily. In this sense, the search for new graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers related to their degree of oxidation is born as an alternative bioactive component in forming new scaffolds. In the present study, three different GOs were synthesized with varying degrees of oxidation and studied chemically and tissue-wise. The oxidation degree was determined through infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The morphology of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxygen content was deeply described using the deconvolution of RS and XPS techniques. The latter represents the oxidation degree for each of the samples and the formation of new bonds promoted by the graphitization of the material. In the RS, two characteristic bands were observed according to the degree of oxidation and the degree of graphitization of the material represented in bands D and G with different relative intensities, suggesting that the samples have different crystallite sizes. This size was described using the Tuinstra–Koenig model, ranging between 18.7 and 25.1 nm. Finally, the bone neoformation observed in the cranial defects of critical size indicates that the F1 and F2 samples, besides being compatible and resorbable, acted as a bridge for bone healing through regeneration. This promoted healing by restoring bone and tissue structure without triggering a strong immune response.
Mechanisms of Flavonoids and Their Derivatives in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress in Diabetes
Authors: Dou Baolei , Zhu Yingying , Sun Mengwei , Wang Lina , Tang Yu , Tian Shuo , Wang Furong
Published: July 2024

Diabetic complications pose a significant threat to life and have a negative impact on quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Among the various factors contributing to the development of these complications, endothelial dysfunction plays a key role. The main mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is oxidative stress, which adversely affects the production and availability of nitric oxide (NO). Flavonoids, a group of phenolic compounds found in vegetables, fruits, and fungi, exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have provided evidence to suggest that flavonoids have a protective effect on diabetic complications. This review focuses on the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system, as well as the changes in endothelial factors in diabetes. Furthermore, we summarize the protective mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating other signaling pathways. Although several studies underline the positive influence of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in diabetes, numerous aspects still require clarification, such as optimal consumption levels, bioavailability, and side effects. Consequently, further investigations are necessary to enhance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their derivatives in the treatment of diabetic complications.
Effects of Heat-Treated Lactobacillus helveticus CP790-Fermented Milk on Gastrointestinal Health in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Tanihiro Reiko , Yuki Masahiro , Sakano Katsuhisa , Sasai Masaki , Sawada Daisuke , Ebihara Shukuko , Hirota Tatsuhiko
Published: July 2024

Probiotic-fermented milk is commonly used to maintain intestinal health. However, the effects of heat-treated fermented milk, which does not contain live microorganisms, on intestinal function are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate whether heat-treated Lactobacillus helveticus CP790-fermented milk affects fecal microbiota and gut health as a “postbiotic”. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy Japanese individuals aged 20–59 years with a tendency toward constipation. Participants consumed 100 mL of either the test beverage (n = 60) or placebo beverage (n = 60) for four weeks. The test beverages were prepared with heat-treated CP790-fermented milk, while the placebo beverages were prepared with nonfermented milk flavored with lactic acid. Fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Constipation symptoms were assessed using defecation logs and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire. Mood state was also assessed using the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS2) questionnaire to explore its potential as a “psychobiotic”. Desulfobacterota were significantly decreased by CP790-fermented milk intake. PICRUSt2 analysis predicted a decrease in the proportion of genes involved in the sulfate reduction pathway following the consumption of CP790-fermented milk. The CP790-fermented milk intervention significantly improved stool consistency and straining during defecation. These improvements were correlated with a decrease in Desulfobacterota. After the intervention, overall mood, expressed as total mood disturbance, and depression–dejection were significantly better in the CP790 group than in the placebo group. These results suggest that the intake of CP790-fermented milk could be effective in modulating gut microbiota and improving constipation symptoms and mood states.
Association between Dietary Pattern, Weight Loss, and Diabetes among Adults with a History of Bariatric Surgery: Results from the Qatar Biobank Study
Authors: Almaghrbi Ruba , Alyamani Razan , Aliwi Lama , Moawad Joyce , Hussain Akhtar , Wang Youfa , Shi Zumin
Published: July 2024

We aimed to examine the association between weight loss, dietary patterns, diabetes, and glycemic control among Qatari adults with a history of bariatric surgery (BS). Data from 1893 adults from the Qatar Biobank study were analyzed. Diabetes was defined by blood glucose, HbA1c, and medical history, with poor glycemic control defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. The dietary patterns were derived from a Food Frequency Questionnaire using factor analysis. The participants’ mean age was 38.8 years, with a mean weight loss of 23.4% and a 6.1% prevalence of poor glycemic control. Weight loss was inversely associated with diabetes and poor glycemic control. The traditional dietary pattern (high intake of Biryani, chicken, meat, fish dishes, zaatar fatayer, croissant, lasagna, and Arabic bread) was inversely associated with diabetes prevalence, with an OR of 0.61 (95%CI, 0.41–0.99) when comparing extreme quartiles. No significant associations were found between prudent or sweet dietary patterns and diabetes. Among the individuals with known diabetes, the prevalence of remission was 33.4%, with an OR for remission of 5.94 (95%CI, 1.89–18.69) for the extreme quartiles of weight loss. In conclusion, weight loss and traditional dietary patterns are inversely associated with diabetes and glycemic control among adults with a history of BS, with weight loss being the main determinant.
The Effect of Passive Dehydration on Phase Angle and Body Composition: A Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Authors: Aburto-Corona Jorge A. , Calleja-Núñez Juan J. , Moncada-Jiménez José , de Paz José Antonio
Published: July 2024

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method used to estimate body composition, and it relies mainly on the body’s water content. Insufficient body water can introduce bias to body composition scores. Purpose: To determine the effect of body weight loss elicited by passive dehydration on body composition scores, including phase angle (PhA). Methods: Twenty-five euhydrated apparently healthy and physically active men’s (age = 22.6 ± 3.3 yr.; body mass = 76.7 ± 15.9 kg; height = 172.0 ± 6.3 cm) body composition variables and PhA were measured before and after sitting quietly for 5 h in a controlled environment (26.6 ± 1.7 °C, 72 ± 4.9%RH). Results: It was found that five hours of passive dehydration caused a loss in body weight (Δ = 0.76 ± 0.34 kg, p < 0.05) and a decrease in body fat estimation (Δ = 0.90 ± 0.87 kg, p < 0.001). Additionally, an increase in ECW (Δ = 0.12 ± 0.30 L, p < 0.021) and PhA (Δ = 0.10 ± 0.15°, p < 0.005) was observed. Conclusion: Body weight loss due to passive dehydration decreased BIA-derived fat mass, and increased extracellular water and PhA in physically active and apparently healthy men. Nonetheless, these changes had a negligible effect on the accuracy of the equipment, rendering them clinically insignificant.
Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention Reduces the Rate of Gestational Diabetes in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study
Authors: Martín-O’Connor Rocío , Ramos-Levi Ana , Melero Veronica , Arnoriaga-Rodriguez María , Barabash Ana , Valerio Johanna , del Valle Laura , de Miguel Paz , Diaz Angel , Familiar Cristina , Moraga Inmaculada , Duran Alejandra , Cuesta Martín , Torrejón María José , Martínez-Novillo Mercedes , Marcuello Clara , Pazos Mario , Rubio Miguel A. , Matía Matin Pilar , Calle-Pascual Alfonso L.
Published: July 2024

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the most optimal type of nutritional intervention to prevent GDM in high-risk women is not clearly defined. This study investigates if nutritional treatment based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) before the 12th gestational week (GW) in women at high risk due to a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 reduces the rate of GDM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study. A total of 735 women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were evaluated between 2015 and 2018, with 246 in the standard diet control group (CG) and 489 in the MedDiet intervention group (IG). The rate of GDM was significantly lower in IG compared to CG (25.1% vs. 31.7%), relative risk (95% confidence interval), and 0.89 (0.78–0.99); p = 0.037. Postnatal follow-up was completed by 141 women in CG (57%) and 312 women in IG (64%). At 3 years postpartum, we observed a reduction in the rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (0.51 (0.28–0.92); p = 0.019), obesity (0.51 (0.28–0.92); p = 0.041), waist circumference (WC) ≥ 89.5 cm (0.54 (0.31–0.94); p = 0.022), and MetS (0.56 (0.33–0.94); p = 0.003). MedDiet reduces the rate of GDM and postpartum MetS in women with BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, suggesting that its implementation should be routinely recommended from the first GWs.