bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmonics management and hosting capacity enhancement: Optimal double-resistor damped double-tuned power filter with artificial hummingbird optimization
Authors: Alhaider Mohammed M. , Abdel Aleem Shady H. E. , Ali Ziad M. , Zobaa Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a novel and improved double-resistor damped double-tuned passive power filter (DR-DDTF), designed using multi-objective optimization algorithms to mitigate harmonics and increase the hosting capacity of distribution systems with distributed energy resources. Although four different topologies of single-resistor damped double-tuned filters (DDTFs) have been studied before in the literature, the effectiveness of two different DR-DDTF configurations has not been examined. This work redresses this gap by demonstrating that via comprehensive simulations on two power systems, DR-DDTF provides better harmonic suppression and resonance mitigation than single-resistor alternatives. When it comes to optimizing the DR-DDTF for maximum hosting capacity and minimum system active power losses, the multi-objective artificial hummingbird outperformed six other algorithms in the benchmark. To allow for higher penetration of distributed generation without requiring grid upgrades, this newly developed harmonic mitigation filter provides a good alternative.
A brief instrument measuring the water, sanitation and hygiene domain of menstrual health among women who inject drugs
Authors: Calderón-Villarreal Alhelí , Avelar Portillo Lourdes Johanna , Abramovitz Daniela , Goldenberg Shira , Flanigan Shawn , Quintana Penelope J. E. , Harvey-Vera Alicia , Vera Carlos F. , Rangel Gudelia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Kayser Georgia L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Domains of adequate menstrual health (MH) include access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). People who menstruate with social disadvantages—such as homelessness or drug injection practices–often face barriers to WASH access. However, validated instruments to measure MH are limited among marginalized populations, and available instruments involve lengthy surveys. We developed and evaluated psychometric properties of a novel ‘MH WASH Domain Scale-12’ among people who menstruate and who inject drugs in the Tijuana–San Diego region and identified correlates of MH access using this scale.

Methods

We constructed a MH-scale based on access to twelve WASH-related items: (1) menstrual products, (2) body hygiene (bathing per week), (3) water sources for bathing, (4) improved, (5) non-shared, (6) available, (7) private, (8) nearby, (9) and safe sanitation facilities, (10) availability of soap, (11) water source for handwashing, and (12) handwashing facilities with soap/water. Variables were dichotomized and summed, with scores ranging from 0–12 points and higher scores indicating better MH access. We assessed the scale’s reliability and construct and content validity using data from a binational cross-sectional study. The sample included people who inject drugs (PWID) who had ever menstruated in their lifetime and were 18+ during 2020–2021. MH-WASH items were described, and the scale was further used as an outcome variable to identify correlates.

Results

Among 125 (124 cis-female and 1 trans-male) PWID that reported menstruating, our ‘MH WASH Domain Scale-12’ was reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81, McDonald’s Omega total = 0.83) and valid. We identified two sub-domains: Factor-1 included items describing ‘WASH availability’ and Factor-2 contained items related to ‘WASH security’—encompassing physical and biological safety. Scale scores were significantly lower among participants experiencing unsheltered homelessness compared to participants experiencing sheltered homelessness or living in permanent housing.

Conclusion

We constructed and validated a novel and reliable scale to measure MH-related WASH access that can be used to assess MH among marginalized populations in English- and Spanish-speaking contexts. Using this scale we identified disparities in MH-WASH access among PWID and who menstruate in the US-Mexico border region.
Spatial variability and source analysis of soil heavy metals: A case study of the key planting area of special agricultural products in Cangxi County, China
Authors: Feng Ziwei , Chen Wende , Meng Yichen , Lu Haixia , Shi Xinyi , Zhang Jiajun
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal pollution in farmland soil represents a considerable risk to ecosystems and human health, constituting a global concern. Focusing on a key area for the cultivation of special agricultural products in Cangxi County, we collected 228 surface soil samples. We analyzed the concentration, spatial distribution, and pollution levels of six heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Hg) in the soil. Moreover, we investigated the sources and contribution rates of these heavy metals using Principal Component Analysis/Absolute Principal Component Scores (PCA/APCS) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) models. Our findings indicate that none of the six metals exceeded the pollution thresholds for farmland soils. However, the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni surpassed the background levels of Sichuan Province. A moderate spatial correlation existed between Pb and Ni, attributable to both natural and anthropogenic factors, whereas Zn, Cu, Hg, and Cr displayed a strong spatial correlation, mainly due to natural factors. The spatial patterns of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were similar, with higher concentrations in the northern and eastern regions and lower concentrations centrally. Hg’s spatial distribution differed, exhibiting a broader range of lower values. The single pollution index evaluation showed that Cr and Ni were low pollution, and the other elements were no pollution. The average value of comprehensive pollution index is 0.994, and the degree of pollution is close to light pollution. Predominantly, higher pollution levels in the northern and eastern regions, lower around reservoirs. The PCA/APCS model identified two main pollution sources: agricultural traffic mixed source (65.2%) and natural parent source (17.2%). The PMF model delineated three sources: agricultural activities (32.59%), transportation (30.64%), and natural parent sources (36.77%). Comparatively, the PMF model proved more accurate and reliable, yielding findings more aligned with the study area’s actual conditions.
Social capital, government guidance and contract choice in agricultural land transfer
Authors: He Linbo , Huang Jun
Published: May 2024

This study explores the impact of farm households’ social capital characteristics and local government policies on the selection of farmland transfer contracts in China’s rural industrial revitalization context. Utilizing field research data from 1,979 households in ethnic areas of Hunan Province, this paper constructs an econometric model to assess how farm households’ social capital and local governments’ involvement in rural industrial revitalization influence farmland transfer contract selections. The findings indicate that, lacking government program support, farmers’ social capital significantly affects contract type and duration, but not the rent. Specifically, farmers possessing extensive social capital prefer verbal and short-term contracts (coefficients of 0.525 and 0.643, significant at the 5% level), whereas their influence on rent (coefficient of 2.418, significant at the 5% level) manifests under government program support. These results challenge the conventional theory of farmland transfer contracts and offer substantial empirical support for the development of local government policies in rural industrial revitalization, underlining the critical role of government guidance and social capital in enhancing farmland transfer.
Serine protease Rv2569c facilitates transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via disrupting the epithelial barrier by cleaving E-cadherin
Authors: Zang Xinxin , Zhang Jiajun , Jiang Yanyan , Feng Tingting , Cui Yingying , Wang Hui , Cui Ziyin , Dang Guanghui , Liu Siguo
Published: May 2024

Epithelial cells function as the primary line of defense against invading pathogens. However, bacterial pathogens possess the ability to compromise this barrier and facilitate the transmigration of bacteria. Nonetheless, the specific molecular mechanism employed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in this process is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of Rv2569c in M.tb translocation by assessing its ability to cleave E-cadherin, a crucial component of cell-cell adhesion junctions that are disrupted during bacterial invasion. By utilizing recombinant Rv2569c expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified through affinity chromatography, we demonstrated that Rv2569c exhibited cell wall–associated serine protease activity. Furthermore, Rv2569c was capable of degrading a range of protein substrates, including casein, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and E-cadherin. We also determined that the optimal conditions for the protease activity of Rv2569c occurred at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 9.0, in the presence of MgCl2. To investigate the function of Rv2569c in M.tb, a deletion mutant of Rv2569c and its complemented strains were generated and used to infect A549 cells and mice. The results of the A549-cell infection experiments revealed that Rv2569c had the ability to cleave E-cadherin and facilitate the transmigration of M.tb through polarized A549 epithelial cell layers. Furthermore, in vivo infection assays demonstrated that Rv2569c could disrupt E-cadherin, enhance the colonization of M.tb, and induce pathological damage in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that M.tb employs the serine protease Rv2569c to disrupt epithelial defenses and facilitate its systemic dissemination by crossing the epithelial barrier.
Longitudinal changes in hand hygiene adherence among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, Dominican Republic
Authors: Schnorr C. Daniel , Roberts Kathryn W. , Payano Eulogia C. , Martínez Guzmán Paloma , de St. Aubin Michael , Lozier Matthew , Garnier Salome , Dumas Devan , McDavid Kelsey , Then Paulino Cecilia Jocelyn , Skewes-Ramm Ronald , Craig Christina , Zielinski Gutierrez Emily , Duke William , Nilles Eric
Published: May 2024

Hand hygiene (HH) can reduce transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in healthcare facilities and is especially important in low- and middle-income countries where HH infrastructure may be insufficient and the burden of HAIs is highest. At baseline, we assessed HH infrastructure and practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large hospitals in the Dominican Republic during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs were observed for HH adherence (HHA) (defined as the use of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) or handwashing with soap and water) before and after patient contact and donning new gloves before patient contact. The baseline assessment was repeated following implementation of local production and distribution of ABHR and a HH promotion campaign. Descriptive analyses and regression models evaluated predictors of HHA and glove use. Cumulative HHA was 18.9%. While patient-care areas with a functional HH resource increased from 47% at baseline to 92% after the intervention, HHA declined from 23.0% to 16.7%. HHA was higher after patient contact (aOR = 5.88; 95% CI = 4.17–8.33), during a period of increased COVID-19 risk (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.05–2.77), during invasive patient contacts (aOR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.23–2.17) and when gloves were not used (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01–1.56). The negative association between glove use and HHA diminished when access to HH resources increased. New gloves were donned before 39.6% of patient contacts. Glove use was higher among nurses (aOR = 7.12; 95% CI = 3.02–16.79) and during invasive contacts (aOR = 4.76; 95% CI = 2.27–10.0). While access to HH resources increased after the interventions, HHA did not increase. HHA was lower when COVID-19 risk was lower. Findings from this study may guide future efforts to increase HHA among HCWs.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a Male Patient With Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Schneider Artur , Gharacholou S. Michael
Published: May 2024

A male patient presented with cardiac arrest attributed to anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction from type 1 spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Subsequent imaging confirmed fibromuscular dysplasia in noncoronary arterial segments. The patient was started on guideline-directed medical therapy and referred to cardiac rehabilitation, showing substantial improvements in clinical status. With greater awareness and advancements in imaging, spontaneous coronary artery dissection has been more frequently recognized, and although as many as 81% to 92% of all cases occur in female patients, it can be seen among men, as well. Adjunctive imaging for arteriopathies may help establish the diagnosis for equivocal causes of acute coronary syndrome in women and men.
REVIEW: PERBAIKAN PROFIL LIPID DENGAN PEMILIHAN OLAHRAGA YANG TEPAT BERDASARKAN KONDISI INDIVIDU
Authors: Rachman Tiara Anisya , Fitri Kusuma Sri Agung , Pelana Ramdan
Published: May 2024

Diseases related to lipid metabolism continue to be a worldwide concern. Abnormal levels of lipids, especially Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) can cause cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Until now, these two diseases are the main causes of death globally according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to pharmacological therapy such as statins, lipid levels can also be lowered through exercise. Therefore, this review article aims to provide information about the types of exercise that can reduce blood lipid levels according to the conditions of individual groups in terms of age, gender, and other special groups based on certain disease conditions. It was found that the most widely practiced exercise in all individual groups was aerobic exercise. This exercise is suitable for pregnant and postmenopausal women. Concurrent training is also appropriate for postmenopausal women. Whereas in premenopausal women, water exercise is more effective than concurrent training. In adult men, an effective exercise to do is the nordic walk. In the elderly, exercise that can be done is stationary cycling with one leg at high intensity. Patients with special conditions with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can perform coordination and strength exercises. As for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, the exercises that can be done are walking/running and high-intensity resistance training. The application of the type of exercise according to individual conditions can effectively prevent the increase in lipid levels.
Effect of Asenapine on the Activity of Hypocretin Neurons in Normal and Unpredictable Mild Stress Preconditioned Rats
Authors: Majercikova Z. , Kiss Alexander
Published: May 2024

Asenapine (ASE) is a novel atypical antipsychotic used in schizophrenia treatment. Here, the effect of ASE on Fos expression in hypocretin (Hcrt) neurons in medial and lateral portions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the effect of chronic unpredictable variable mild stress (CMS) preconditioning were studied. CMS consisted of restraint, social isolation, crowding, swimming, and cold and lasted 21 days. The rats were sacrificed on day 22, 90 min after a single injection of vehicle (saline 300 μl/rat subcutaneously – s.c.) or ASE (0.3 mg/kg s.c.). Control (CON), ASE, CMS, and CMS + ASE groups were used. Fos protein was visualized by the avidin biotin peroxidase technique, while Hcrt perikarya by fluorescent dye. Fos/Hcrt co-localizations were evaluated under parallel light and fluorescent illuminations. In the single Fos expression assessment, the Fos number was significantly higher in the medial in comparison with the lateral LH portion in each group. No differences in Fos amount were observed between the individual groups within the medial and lateral LH portions. In the Fos/Hcrt co-localization assessments, ASE significantly reduced the number of Fos/ Hcrt neurons in the medial, but not lateral, LH portion in ASE and CMS + ASE groups. CMS only slightly contributed to the inhibitory effect of ASE in the CMS + ASE groups. The present data show as the first that ASE may reduce the activity of Hcrt cells in the medial LH portion, which might correspond with the relatively low weight gain liability of ASE. CMS preconditioning did not significantly interfere with this impact of ASE.
Diurnal and day-to-day biological variation of salivary cortisol and cortisone
Authors: Danese Elisa , Padoan Andrea , Negrini Davide , Paviati Elisa , De Pastena Matteo , Esposito Alessandro , Lippi Giuseppe , Montagnana Martina
Published: May 2024

Objectives

There is a growing interest in the relevance of salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations in stress-related research. To correctly attribute the magnitude of salivary cortisol and cortisone variation as an effect of a stressful event, a coherent understanding of the day-to-day intra-individual and inter-individual variability across the diurnal cycle of the two steroids is required. However, such information is currently lacking.

Methods

This study aimed to overcome these existing limitations by performing an investigation of the biological variation (BV) of salivary cortisol and cortisone within one day and between five days using an LC-MS/MS method. Saliva samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers immediately after waking up, at 8:00, 12:00, 15:00, 19:00 and 23:00 on each day over five days. All samples were analyzed in duplicate in one run. Nested ANOVA was used to calculate the sums of squares for analytical and biological components of variation.

Results

The within-subject BV of salivary cortisol and cortisone (CVI) ranged from a minimum of 29.3 and 19.0 % to a maximum of 56.5 and 49.1 %, respectively, while the between-subject biological variation (CVG) ranged from 29.7 and 29.0 % to 51.6 and 43.6 %. The reference change values (RCVs) ranged from 96 to 245 % for cortisol and from 55 to 194 % for cortisone. A medium index of individuality was observed for both compounds at all time points.

Conclusions

This study provides updated BV estimates and RCVs for different times of day that can be used to assess the magnitude of change in biomarkers in future stress-related research.
Revisiting the nature and the context of T4 alternations: insights from disyllabic, trisyllabic and quadrisyllabic word/digit productions in Taiwan Mandarin
Authors: Liu Chin-Ting
Published: May 2024

The tone values of a Tone 4 (T4) syllable are conventionally assumed to change from ‘51’ to ‘53’ when the syllable is followed by another T4 syllable in Mandarin Chinese. Literature focusing on T4 alternation is still inconclusive regarding the contexts for the alternations and whether the phenomenon should be better categorized as tone sandhi (i.e., represented as an abstract phonological rule in mental grammar) or tonal coarticulation (i.e., a natural articulation phenomenon at the phonetic level). The current study probes into these issues by focusing on disyllabic pseudowords, right-branching trisyllabic words as well as unstructured trisyllabic and quadrisyllabic digits. Productions from a total of 148 participants were collected and fundamental frequency (f0) contours, vowel lengths and f0 slopes were included in the analysis. The results from the experiments supported the tonal coarticulation view and showed that the trigger for the alternations was the high-onset tones following T4. Implications to the phonological analysis on tonal alternations in Mandarin Chinese are discussed.
Separate Cue- and Alpha-Related Mechanisms for Distractor Suppression
Authors: Redding Zach V. , Fiebelkorn Ian C.
Published: May 2024

Research on selective attention has largely focused on the enhancement of behaviorally important information, with less focus on the suppression of distracting information. Enhancement and suppression can operate through a push-pull relationship attributable to competitive interactions among neural populations. There has been considerable debate, however, regarding (1) whether suppression can be voluntarily deployed, independent of enhancement, and (2) whether voluntary deployment of suppression is associated with neural processes occurring prior to the distractor onset. Here, we investigated the interplay between pre- and post-distractor neural processes, while male and female human subjects performed a visual search task with a cue that indicated the location of an upcoming distractor. We utilized two established EEG markers of suppression: the distractor positivity (P
D
) and alpha power (~815 Hz). The P
D
a component of event-related potentialshas been linked with successful distractor suppression, and increased alpha power has been linked with attenuated sensory processing. Cueing the location of an upcoming distractor speeded responses and led to an earlier P
D
, consistent with earlier suppression due to strategic use of a spatial cue. In comparison, higher predistractor alpha power contralateral to distractors led to a later P
D
, consistent with later suppression. Lower alpha power contralateral to distractors instead led to distractor-related attentional capture. Lateralization of alpha power was not linked to the spatial cue. This observation, combined with differences in the timing of suppressionas indexed by earlier and later P
D
componentsdemonstrates that cue-related, voluntary suppression can occur separate from alpha-related gating of sensory processing.
Till death do us part. Do customers cheat on brands?
Authors: Klepek Martin , Toth Lukas
Published: May 2024

Some companies, based on the beliefs of their managers, aim to obtain solely loyal customers in the hope that these customers will always buy only one brand and never cheat by buying a competitor’s brand. However, a growing body of empirical research suggests that this may be an overly positive expectation and that this marketing strategy can run counter to the nature of the consumer. To scrutinize the sole loyal buyer idea, this study empirically examines the phenomenon of duplication of purchase, which suggests that customers not only buy from repertoire but also that brands share customers in proportion to their market share. Data were drawn from two consumer packaged goods categories: beer (10 brands), soft drinks (6 brands), and eight NUTS2 regions. Using a robust sample of 3,488 customers from a consumer panel and many sets of data approach, the research replicated significant patterns of duplication of purchase in both categories studied and across all regions. The findings support the notion that while consumers are likely to repurchase a brand previously purchased, they also frequently diversify their choices between competing brands. Therefore, the study confirms the generalisability of duplication of purchase behaviour in different categories and geographies, providing critical information for marketing strategy and brand management. It is a strategy that goes against the principles of how buying behaviour works to try to persuade customers to buy from one single brand for the rest of their lives. A great deal of corporate resources will be wasted in the pursuit of sole loyalty.
Tech Hubs and the AI Industry in Africa: What Drives?
Authors: Wesson Caroline F.
Published: May 2024

Tech hubs—usually associated with San Francisco, London, Seoul, and Bangalore—are physical spaces that house activities that result in innovation, scientific advancement, and the creation of start-ups. Yet over 650 tech hubs now exist on the African continent, and many have a focus on artificial intelligence. The rapid emergence of tech hubs in Africa presents a puzzle, as traditional notions about where tech hubs emerge is challenged by this reality. This article explores how technical expertise and foreign direct investment contribute to the rising number of tech hubs in a country. Regression analysis supplemented with case study analyses of Ghana, Tanzania, and South Africa show that technical expertise and foreign direct investment are correlated with the number of tech hubs in an African country. This regression analysis focuses on the artificial intelligence industry, which has been highlighted as particularly important by national governments and hubs within the region. African countries are not typically thought of as global leaders in technology, yet the proliferation of tech hubs presents a narrative of a region fostering an exciting, innovative ecosystem.
SLC7A11 promotes EMT and metastasis in invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Gui Shikai , Yu Wanli , Xie Jiabao , Peng Lunshan , Xiong Yuanyuan , Song Zhen , Luo Haitao , Xiao Juexian , Yuan Shengtao , Cheng Zujue
Published: May 2024

Invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the most prevalent types of intracranial and neuroendocrine tumors. Their aggressive growth and difficulty in complete resection result in a high recurrence rate. Cystine transporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is overexpressed in various cancers, which contributes to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis by promoting cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis. We identified SLC7A11 as an invasive biomarker based on three Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. This study aimed to investigate the role of SLC7A11 in invasive PitNETs. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while cell apoptosis was estimated with flow cytometry. Wound healing assays and transwell assays were utilized to evaluate migration and invasion ability. Our findings demonstrated that SLC7A11 was markedly upregulated in invasive PitNETs, and was associated with the invasiveness of PitNETs. Knockdown of SLC7A11 could largely suppress tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, SLC7A11 depletion was implicated in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These insights suggest SLC7A11 as a potential therapeutic target for invasive PitNETs.
Perioperative Health Interventions in Children With Chronic Neuromuscular Conditions Undergoing Major Musculoskeletal Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Giordano Mirna , Casavant David , Flores Cano Juan Carlos , Rempel Gina , Dorste Anna , Graham Robert J. , Quates Sara K. , Belthur Mohan V. , Bastianelli Lucia C. , Sewell Taylor B. , Zamkoff Jason , Mauskar Sangeeta , Mariani Juliana , Trost Margaret J. , Simpson Blair , Stringfellow Isabel , Berry Jay G.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children with chronic neuromuscular conditions (CCNMC) have many coexisting conditions and often require musculoskeletal surgery for progressive neuromuscular scoliosis or hip dysplasia. Adequate perioperative optimization may decrease adverse perioperative outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review was to allow us to assess associations of perioperative health interventions (POHI) with perioperative outcomes in CCNMC.

METHODS

Eligible articles included those published from January 1, 2000 through March 1, 2022 in which the authors evaluated the impact of POHI on perioperative outcomes in CCNMC undergoing major musculoskeletal surgery. Multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched by using controlled vocabulary terms and relevant natural language keywords. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to perform the review. A risk of bias assessment for included studies was performed by using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.

RESULTS

A total of 7013 unique articles were initially identified, of which 6286 (89.6%) were excluded after abstract review. The remaining 727 articles’ full texts were then reviewed for eligibility, resulting in the exclusion of 709 (97.5%) articles. Ultimately, 18 articles were retained for final analysis. The authors of these studies reported various impacts of POHI on perioperative outcomes, including postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Because of the heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures, meta-analyses with pooled data were not feasible.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings reveal various impacts of POHI in CCNMC undergoing major musculoskeletal surgery. Multicenter prospective studies are needed to better address the overall impact of specific interventions on perioperative outcomes in CCNMC.
Refugee-background students in the context of multilingual policies and practices: An introduction
Authors: Olszewska Aleksandra Ita , Coady Maria , Yilmaz Tuba
Published: May 2024

This special issue examines and interrogates multilingual policies and practices surrounding the education of refugee-background students (RBSs) worldwide.
Computer 3D Modeling of the Process of Wastewater Treatment in a Settling Tank
Authors: Biliaiev M. M. , Brazaluk Iu. V. , Kirichenko P. S. , Mashykhina P. B. , Kovalenko A. S.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Settling tanks are widely used in technological schemes of wastewater treatment. As a rule, horizontal settling tanks are used in practice. However, to increase the efficiency of water treatment in a horizontal settling tank, additional elements can be used, which are placed in different places in the structure. When reconstructing such structures or designing them for new facilities, it is necessary to assess the efficiency of the settling tanks under different operating conditions. To solve this problem, mathematical models play an important role, including conducting physical experiments, which requires considerable time to obtain results. In the case of mathematical modeling of the water treatment process in a sedimentation tank, two problems need to be solved: the hydrodynamic problem and the mass transfer problem. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a 3DCFD model for calculating the impurity concentration field in a sedimentation tank. Methodology. A dynamic multifactorial numerical model was developed for computer calculation of the wastewater treatment process in a settling tank. The hydrodynamics of the wastewater flow in the settling tank was calculated on the basis of a three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential (potential motion model). The calculation of the impurity concentration field in the settling tank was determined by numerical integration of the three-dimensional mass transfer equation. This equation takes into account the non-uniformity of the flow velocity field in the settling tank, the diffusion process, and the gravitational deposition of the impurity in the structure. The numerical integration of the modeled equations was carried out by using finite-difference splitting schemes. Findings. The software implementation of the constructed mathematical model was carried out. The results of a computational experiment to study the process of wastewater treatment in a settling tank with visualization of the calculation results are presented. Originality. A multifactorial three-dimensional CFD model has been developed that allows to quickly assess the efficiency of the settling tank. Practical value. The proposed CFD model can be used in calculations in the design of wastewater treatment systems or to determine the efficiency of wastewater treatment under new operating conditions.
Determination of Parameters for Limiting Longitudinal Acceleration to Optimize Energy Consumption for Train Traction
Authors: Bobyr D. V. , Bodnar E. B. , Kisliy D. M. , Desiak A. Y.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to improve traction calculations using mathematical modeling when solving the equation of train motion. The train model is adapted to optimize the parameters of train movement during speed gain with the determination of functional relationships between the power of the locomotive power plant and the profile of the track section with the consumption of energy resources by the locomotive. Methodology. Modern methods of mathematical modeling were used to solve the tasks. The modeling of the power plant operation was performed using interpolation and approximation methods. The simulation modeling method was used to create a model of the electrical part of the diesel locomotive transmission. The method of integrating the differential equation of motion was used to calculate the parameters and nature of the train's movement and the problem was solved, which consists in finding a solution to this equation over the length of the traction section, taking into account the variable values of the locomotive power and the slopes of the track profile. Findings. To analyze the results of traction calculations, we obtained such indicators as technical speed and diesel fuel consumption, and compared these indicators. The results show that in the case of acceleration limitation, there is a decrease in diesel fuel consumption at almost unchanged technical speed. Originality. The improvement of energy efficiency of train operation has been further developed, namely, the functional dependence of the relative power of the locomotive power plant, which takes into account the actual profile of the site, has been obtained, which makes it possible to determine energy-saving modes of locomotive control and reduce energy consumption, load on the diesel engine and elements of the diesel locomotive traction transmission during transient modes, which, in turn, in addition to saving diesel fuel, will affect the reliability of the power plant elements. The practical value of the study is to save diesel fuel in the modes of movement that provide speed gain and increase the reliability of the power plant due to reduced load.
Database for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Structures as an Integral Part of Industrial Safety
Authors: Bogachenko S. V. , Shatov S. V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Development of a database designed to systematization and store information on the technical condition of industrial structures based on the results of periodic visual and instrumental surveys. Methodology. The information system includes a database, a database management system and an application programme. The most appropriate type of database for monitoring the technical condition of structures is a relational structure. The database model covers owners, buildings, structures, quantitative and qualitative parameters of defects and damage, strength indicators of building structures and tilt of industrial structures. Findings. Structural query language was used in the process of developing a database for monitoring the technical condition of industrial facilities. The created database "Monitoring" includes interconnected tables that provide holistic and efficient storage of information. The tables are linked using foreign keys, which provides easy access and data management. The tables are conditionally divided into those that users fill in and those that are filled in in accordance with legislative and regulatory documents at the stage of database creation. This approach to building a database ensures structured storage of information on the technical condition of buildings, taking into account regulations and legislation. The integration of tables filling in by users and pre-filled tables creates a system that increases the efficiency of monitoring the technical condition of industrial structures. Originality. The scientific novelty of the proposed database lies in an innovative approach to structuring and integrating various types of data related to the technical condition of industrial structures. The system offers an effective combination of data from different formats and sources into a single information space and will further provide a comprehensive analysis of the condition of building structures, which is one of the key factors of industrial safety. Practical value. It is intended to improve the efficiency of industrial structures maintenance and exploitation safety, and provides tools for storing the results of monitoring the condition of building structures.
Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Traction Electric Drives of Direct Current
Authors: Kovalov V. M. , Kovalova Yu. V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The work is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of direct current traction electric drives of electric transport by introducing transistor pulse width converters (PWC) with an optimal switching frequency to minimize total electrical losses in the electric drive. The electrical losses of traction electric drives consist of electrical losses in the armature winding and in the PWC transistors. Methodology. To study the dependence on the switching frequency of transistors, the electrical losses in the armature winding and PWC transistors are divided into two parts: static losses from the direct current component of the current and dynamic losses, i.e., losses in the armature winding from harmonic current components and losses in the transistors from transient switching currents. Since the dynamic electrical losses in transistors increase with increasing frequency and decrease in the armature winding, it is necessary to find the optimal PWC co-mutation frequency at which the total dynamic losses in the traction electric drive will be minimal. The goal of increasing energy efficiency in a traction electric drive is achieved by determining the dependence of dynamic electrical losses in the armature winding on the switching frequency of the PWC and computer modeling of the transistor electric drive. Findings. It is found that the relative dynamic electrical losses in the armature winding in the case of polyharmonic power supply are equal to the square of the armature current ripple coefficient. An algorithm for determining the optimal switching frequency of the PWC is developed: 1) the dependence of dynamic electrical losses on the switching frequency of transistors is determined experimentally on computer models of the motor and PWC; 2) the graph of the dependence of total dynamic electrical losses of the transistor electric drive on the time-tothe point of minimum losses, which corresponds to the optimal frequency value, is determined. Originality. For the first time, the authors obtained an analytical expression for the relative dynamic electrical losses in the armature windings, which are equal to the square of the armature current ripple factor. Practical value. Establishing the optimal switching frequency of the PWC according to the developed methodology reduces electrical losses in traction electric drives, i.e., increases their energy efficiency.
Features of Organizational and Technical Measures to Increase the Level of Survivability and Explosion and Fire Safety of Potentially Dangerous Objects
Authors: Onishchenko V. V. , Sukhai S. M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The work is aimed at studying the peculiarities of organizational and technical measures to improve the level of explosion and fire safety of potentially dangerous objects. Methodology. To achieve this goal: 1) a study was conducted to identify possible hazards and risks at potentially hazardous facilities; 2) practical organizational and technical measures to improve the level of explosion and fire safety of hazardous facilities were analyzed; 3) the composition and capabilities of the system of early detection of the threat of emergencies and warning, as well as the possibility of implementing this system at the relevant facilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were assessed; 4) the main types of automated warning and the principles of their operation were considered, and the available technical solutions were analyzed. Findings. The peculiarities of organizational and technical measures to improve the level of explosion and fire safety of munitions storage facilities are summarized. The key stages of the implementation of technological solutions to ensure the survivability of potentially hazardous facilities are identified. Originality. For the first time, an analytical justification for the need to use hazard monitoring systems and timely warning of possible emergencies at munitions storage facilities and other potentially hazardous facilities was carried out. The features of design and technological solutions to improve the level of explosion and fire safety of munitions storage facilities through organizational and technical measures are considered. Practical value. The implementation of effective design and technological solutions for the use of hazard monitoring systems and timely warning of possible emergencies will allow to move from damage localization measures to the forecast and prevention of disasters and reliable protection of munitions storage facilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other potentially dangerous facilities and critical infrastructure of the state.
Implementation of Innovative Technologies During the Modernization of Existing Level Crossings for High-Speed Train Traffic
Authors: Kurhan M. B. , Luzhytskyi O. F. , Ivanov R. V. , Khmelevskyi V. S.
Published: May 2024

Implementation of Innovative Technologies During The Modernization of Existing Level Crossings for High-Speed Train Traffic
Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to review innovative technologies for improving safety at the intersection of railways and roads. The object of research is the processes of functioning – railway crossings with different intensity and parameters of traffic, which require solving a fairly wide range of theoretical, practical and organizational tasks. Methodology. The study is based on the theory of mathematical modeling and numerical methods of computer calculations. The subject of the study is indicators that allow to assess the state of safety after modernization or new design solutions. Findings. A model of an improved method of the final coefficient is proposed, which allows predicting changes in the initial data and obtaining different values of the final coefficient, and thus planning measures to introduce innovative technologies that improve traffic safety at level crossings. Closing railroad crossings or switching to a two-level intersection of railroad and road (overpasses) is the only way to completely eliminate the risk. However, it is virtually impossible to close all railroad crossings immediately. In addition to financial and practical constraints, user convenience should still be a key factor. Using hierarchy, brainstorming, and other methods, a reliable set of indicators can be identified to assess and ensure the overall safety of passengers and vehicles related to all aspects of the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the rail network. The introduction of innovative technologies during the modernization of existing level crossings is an important step towards organizing high-speed train traffic. These technologies will increase the level of traffic safety at railroad crossings and protect people's lives. Originality. The scientific and applied problem of introducing innovative technologies during the modernization of existing level crossings for the organization of high-speed train traffic has been solved. Practical value. The implementation of a sound technology for the modernization of existing level crossings will provide a significant increase in traffic safety and throughput.
Inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression by different fluoridated varnishes
Authors: Mainente Marcela Paris , Naves Paula Andery , Campos Priscila Hernández de , Rodrigues Marcela Charantola , Diniz Michele Baffi , Zaroni Wanessa Christine de Souza , Cardoso Cristiane de Almeida Baldini
Published: May 2024

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms.
A new method of adhesive system application improves the bond strength between fiber post and root dentin
Authors: Nesello Rafael , Jahnke Leonardo Thomasi , Krabbe Wesley Misael , Agnol Júnior Charles André Dall , Santini Manuela Favarin , Silveira Lucas Machado , Miotti Leonardo , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da
Published: May 2024

Abstract This study evaluated a new method of adhesive system application on the bond strength between fiber post and root dentin using two adhesive systems. The canals of sixty bovine incisors were prepared and obturated. The roots were divided into six groups (n=10) according to the adhesive system (Clearfil SE - CSE and Single Bond Universal - SBU) and the application strategy (microbrush - MB; rotary brush - RB; and ultrasonic tip - US). The glass fiber posts were cemented with resin cement (RelyX ARC). The roots were sectioned perpendicularly to their long axis, and three slices per root were obtained. Previously to the push-out test, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was performed to illustrate the interfacial adaptation of the cement to the root canal walls. Failure patterns were analyzed with 40x magnification. Shapiro-Wilk indicated a normal distribution of the data. The bond strength values were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Student's T test analyzed the differences between the adhesive systems within each third and protocol. A significance level of 5% was used. CSE with RB showed higher mean bond strength values compared to MB (conventional technique) (P < 0.05). US application resulted in intermediate bond strength values for CSE (P > 0.05). The application of SBU using RB generated higher mean bond strength values compared to MB and US (P < 0.05). Adhesive failures were predominant (65.5%). CSE and SBU application with the new rotary brush improved the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin compared to the conventional strategy.