bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL‐37‐induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β promotes IL‐1R8/Sigirr phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation in lung epithelial cells
Authors: Li Lian , Wei Jianxin , Suber Tomeka L. , Ye Qinmao , Miao Jiaxing , Li Shuang , Taleb Sarah J. , Tran Kevin C. , Tamaskar Arya S. , Zhao Jing , Zhao Yutong
Published: January 2021

Interleukin (IL)‐37 diminishes a variety of inflammatory responses through ligation to its receptor IL‐1R8/Sigirr. Sigirr is a Toll like receptor/IL‐1R family member. We have shown that Sigirr is not stable in response to IL‐37 treatment. IL‐37‐induced Sigirr degradation is mediated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, and the process is reversed by a deubiquitinase, USP13. However, the molecular mechanisms by which USP13 regulates Sigirr stability have not been revealed. In this study, we investigate the roles of glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) in Sigirr phosphorylation and stability. IL‐37 stimulation induced Sigirr phosphorylation and degradation, as well as activation of GSK3β. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL‐37‐induced Sigirr phosphorylation, while exogenous expressed GSK3β promoted Sigirr phosphorylation at threonine (T)372 residue. Sigirr association with GSK3β was detected. Amino acid residues 51–101 in GSK3β were identified as the Sigirr binding domain. These data indicate that GSK3β mediates IL‐37‐induced threonine phosphorylation of Sigirr. Further, we investigated the role of GSK3β‐mediated phosphorylation of Sigirr in Sigirr degradation. Inhibition of GSK3β attenuated IL‐37‐induced Sigirr degradation, while T372 mutant of Sigirr was resistant to IL‐37‐mediated degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of Sigirr phosphorylation prevented Sigirr internalization and association with USP13, suggesting GSK3β promotes Sigirr degradation through disrupting Sigirr association with USP13.
Isoniazid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Tunisian Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors: Alshaikheid Mohammed , Romdhane Haifa Ben , Fredj Nadia Ben , Fadhel Najah Ben , Aouam Abir , Chadli Zohra , Boughattas Naceur , Chaabane Amel , Aouam Karim
Published: January 2021

A regular therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of isoniazid could be useful to predict the acetylation profile and to prescribe doses associated with optimal efficacy and safety. We aimed to assess the usefulness of isoniazid TDM in the Tunisian population, to describe the acetylation profile distribution in this population, and to investigate the influence of certain parameters on acetylation phenotype. We performed a retrospective study including Tunisian patients with tuberculosis underwent an isoniazid TDM. Isoniazid concentrations were measured 3 hours after drug intake (C3). Subsequent isoniazid doses were adjusted to maintain the C3 within the recommended target (1‐2 µg/mL). Patients were qualified as slow acetylators (SAs) or rapid acetylators (RAs) according to their acetylation index. Among the 255 patients, 58% were SAs and 42% were RAs. Of all patients, only 30.6% had a C3 value within the target range. A dose adjustment has been performed for patients with C3 outside the target range. C3 was controlled in 77 patients. It became within the target range in 39 patients (50.6%). The median recommended isoniazid weight doses for SAs and RAs were 2.1 ± 0.7 mg/kg and 4.2 ± 1.4 mg/kg, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that body weight, C3, and C3/isoniazid dose were found to be significantly different between the 2 acetylation groups. In the pediatric group, only 9 had a C3 value within the target range, and all of them were RAs. The irrevocable interest of isoniazid TDM has been shown in Tunisian patients with tuberculosis, in both adult and pediatric patients, as isoniazid demonstrates an unpredictable pharmacokinetic profile.
Concurrent lymphovascular and perineural invasion after preoperative therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with decreased survival
Authors: Blumenthaler Alisa N. , Newhook Timothy E. , Ikoma Naruhiko , Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Blum Murphy Mariela , Das Prajnan , Minsky Bruce D. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Mansfield Paul F. , Badgwell Brian D.
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives

We sought to evaluate the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) on survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients treated with preoperative therapy.

Methods

Patients with gastric cancer treated with preoperative therapy and potentially curative resection were stratified according to the presence of LVI, PNI, or both. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the impact on overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

The study included 281 patients, of whom 93 (33%) had LVI, 69 (25%) had PNI, 51 (18%) had both LVI and PNI, and 170 (61%) had neither. LVI and PNI were each associated with higher ypT and ypN categories and more positive lymph nodes (all p < .001), associations that were emphasized with both factors present. On multivariable analyses, ypN (p < .001) and concurrent LVI/PNI (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–4.45; p = .001) were predictive of OS and DFS (ypN: p < .001; both LVI/PNI: HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.34–3.82; p = .002).

Conclusions

Gastric cancer patients with concurrent LVI and PNI after preoperative therapy have more advanced disease and worse survival outcomes than patients with neither or only one of these factors.
Identification and determination of chemical constituents from Yinchen Qingjin granules by ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Lu Jie , Liang Kun , Chen Ying , Zhao Cheng , Wang Xinhong , An Rui
Published: January 2021

An ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry method had been used to identify chemical constituents in Yinchen Qingjin Granules. A total of 117 chemical constituents were tentatively identified based on the molecular weight, the mass fragmentation behavior, and the comparison with retention time and accurate mass of reference standards. Meanwhile, an ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method has been developed to evaluate the quality of Yinchen Qingjin Granules through a simultaneous determination of ten components, namely gallic acid, shanzhiside, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, geniposide, liquirition, isoliquirition, glycyrrhizic acid, and rhein. Altogether, content levels of each compound ranged from 0.228 to 8.712 mg/g. At the same time, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with UV for the quantification of sarmentosin in Yinchen Qingjin Granules is presented and its content was from 5.608 to 6.200 mg/g. The linearity, accuracy, and precision of these two validation methods were satisfactory. The both determination methods were successfully used for the analysis of six batches of Yinchen Qingjin Granules samples made in China and could be as suitable analytical method for quality control.
When Drinking Becomes a Problem: Alcohol Misuse and Abuse in College
Authors: Hanke Eran
Published: January 2021

This chapter defines problem drinking; highlights substance abuse issues; and outlines the challenges of substance tolerant campus culture for students and institutions.
Campus Strategies for Supporting Students in Recovery
Authors: Shadley Meri L.
Published: January 2021

This chapter details the rationale for and factors important to establishing a collegiate recovery program on campus.
Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy without human serum albumin as a stabilizer in a canine patient
Authors: Apostolopoulos Neoklis , Mayer Ursula
Published: January 2021

A four‐month‐old female Beagle, with a history of repeated anaphylactic reactions, was managed with venom immunotherapy (VIT), based on the results of a blood allergy test. Because there is a lack of VIT for dogs, a product from human medicine was used, which requires human serum albumin (HSA) in the solvent as a stabilizer. HSA has been described to cause sensitization and anaphylactic reactions, as well as other adverse effects in dogs. To avoid such adverse effects, water for injection was used as a solvent. VIT was initiated with a one‐day ultra‐rush induction scheme, followed by a conventional protocol as maintenance. The dog was stung by a bee after 11 months of VIT, presenting only mild lip edema. VIT is performed for the last 35 months. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a successful VIT using water for injection as a solvent, without HSA.
Pore‐scale modeling of microbial activity: What we have and what we need
Authors: Golparvar Amir , Kästner Matthias , Thullner Martin
Published: January 2021

Under water‐unsaturated conditions, environmental factors (e.g., substrate, nutrients, O2, water activity, and porous structure) controlling microbial activity are highly variable in space and time. The physical structure of porous media (pore size distribution and pore arrangements) has been considered to have a significant role in nutrient (either substrate and/or its reaction partners like O2) fluxes. Understanding what eventually controls microbial activity thus requires a sound description of the physical and chemical conditions in the pore space down to the microscale, as well as knowledge on how microorganisms respond to the energy and matter fluxes in their microscale environment. Microscale modeling has the advantage to resolve the processes down to their fundamental level. In recent years, microscale models describing the physical setting in unsaturated porous media such as soils, as well as growth and functional performance of microorganisms, have become increasingly established and are supported by new experimental techniques resolving the distribution of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases at microscale resolution. Still, integration of these components for simulation of microbial activities in a soil system at the microscale is scarce. This mini‐review highlights the available approaches for pore‐scale modeling of flow and transport processes in both saturated and unsaturated porous media, and for modeling the dynamics of microbial activity constrained by different soil boundary conditions. Further, it is discussed what is required in terms of model development and improved modeling concepts to achieve a holistic reactive transport modeling approach describing microbial activity at the pore scale.
Real-world outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular tumor thrombosis
Authors: Tsai Hong-Ming , Han Meng-Zhi , Lin Yih-Jyh , Chang Ting-Tsung , Chen Chiung-Yu , Cheng Pin-Nan , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung , Wu I-Chin , Chen Po-Jun , Kang Jui-Wen , Chiu Yen-Cheng , Chiu Hung-Chih , Chien Shih-Chieh , Kuo Hsin-Yu
Published: January 2021

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown promising results for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical utility of such inhibitors in HCC patients with vascular tumor thrombosis remains unclear. This study investigated PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in advanced HCC with macrovascular invasion in a clinical setting. Among the 110 patients with unresectable HCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, 34 patients with vascular metastases in the portal vein and inferior vena cava were retrospectively compared with 34 patients without tumor thrombi. The vascular response and its effect on survival were assessed. Predictors of survival were identified using multivariate analysis. Among patients achieving objective response, those with and without thrombi exhibited similar response to immunotherapy and comparable survival. Among the 34 patients with tumor thrombi, including 13 receiving PD-1 inhibitors alone and 21 receiving it in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the median overall survival was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval 3.2–12.6). The objective response rate of vascular metastasis was 52.9%, and vascular responders had a significantly longer survival than did non-responders (11.1 vs 3.9 months). Failure to obtain a vascular response correlated significantly with increased post-treatment Child–Pugh score or class. Multivariate analysis showed that vascular response was a significant positive factor for longer overall survival. Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 3 (8.8%) of the patients with tumor thrombi. Immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors may be a feasible treatment option for HCC with tumor thrombi owing to the high response rate of tumor thrombi and favorable survival outcomes.
The impact of bronchial artery embolisation on the quality of life of patients with haemoptysis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Omachi Naoki , Ishikawa Hideo , Hara Masahiko , Nishihara Takashi , Yamaguchi Yu , Yamamoto Yumiko , Youmoto Mihoko , Hattori Tomoaki , Kitaguchi Kazushi , Yamamoto Shota , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Fukuzawa Masahiro
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Patients with haemoptysis often experience daily physical and mental impairment. Bronchial artery embolisation is among the first-line treatment options used worldwide; however, no evidence exists regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after bronchial artery embolisation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of bronchial artery embolisation on the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 61 consecutive patients who visited our hospital from July 2017 to August 2018 and received bronchial artery embolisation for haemoptysis. The primary outcome was the HRQoL evaluated using the Short Form Health Survey, which contains physical and mental components, before and after bronchial artery embolisation. The secondary outcomes were procedural success, complications, and recurrence-free survival rate at 6 months.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 69 years (range, 31–87 years). The procedural success rate was 98%. No major complications occurred. The recurrence-free survival rate estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation was 91.8% (95% confidence interval, 91.1–92.5%). Compared with the pre-treatment scores, the physical and mental scores were significantly improved at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Bronchial artery embolisation improved the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis.

Key Points

• Bronchial artery embolisation improved the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis.

• Vessel dilation on computed tomography and systemic artery-pulmonary artery direct shunting on angiography were the most common abnormalities.

• The recurrence-free survival rate estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation was 91.8%.
Magnetic resonance colonography with intestine-absorbable nanoparticle contrast agents in evaluation of colorectal inflammation
Authors: Dong Xue , Luo Jingfeng , Lan Pengxun , Guo Xiuyu , Zhao Xin , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhou Fei , Wang Qiangfeng , Yuan Hong , Sun Jihong
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To develop a nanoparticle-based MRI protocol based on transrectal administration of intestine-absorbable nanoparticle contrast agents to evaluate ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized by loading gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and octadecylamine-fluorescein isothiocyanate to produce Gd-FITC-SLNs as T1 contrast agents. Twenty mice with acute UC were divided into four groups: enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs, intravenous injection of Gd-FITC-SLNs, enema with Gd-DTPA, and intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. Five mice with chronic UC and five mice without UC underwent enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs. Axial T1- and T2-weighted MR images were obtained before and 20, 40, 60, 80,100, and 120 min after enema or intravenous injection of the contrast agent. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the colorectal wall were measured in both groups. The MRI findings were correlated with subsequent histological confirmation.

Results

At 20 min after enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs, MRI showed the following contrast enhancement pattern: acute UC > normal intestinal wall > chronic UC. A continuous enhancement effect was observed in mice with acute UC, whereas a slight continuous enhancement of the colorectal wall was observed in mice with chronic UC. The normal intestinal wall rapidly metabolized the contrast agent, and the enhancement decreased on sequential scans. There was no significant difference between the SNRs of the intestinal wall at 20 min after intravenous Gd-DTPA and transrectal Gd-FITC-SLN administration.

Conclusions

Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute and chronic UC and can confer the same or better results than with intravenous Gd-DTPA.

Key Points

• Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs may be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute and chronic UC.

• Enema with Gd-FITC-SLNs can achieve the same or better result than that with intravenous Gd-DTPA.

• SLN-based MR colonography enhances the colorectal wall inflammation, based on the colonic absorption of the nanoparticle contrast agents.
Work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors cluster with obesity, smoking and physical inactivity
Authors: van den Berge Mandy , van der Beek Allard J. , Türkeli Rukiye , van Kalken Marike , Hulsegge Gerben
Published: January 2021

Objective

This study investigated associations between the co-existence of multiple types of work-related psychosocial and physical risk factors, and (1) obesity; (2) smoking; and (3) leisure-time physical inactivity. It also aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics related to clustering of work-related risk factors and lifestyle factors.

Methods

Cross-sectional data on work-related risk factors (e.g., decision authority and repetitive movements) and lifestyle was measured using a standardized questionnaire among 52,563 Dutch workers in health care, services, manufacturing and public sector. Multiple-adjusted logistic regression models assessed associations between the co-existence of multiple types of psychosocial and physical risk factors and lifestyle factors. Additionally, logistic regression models related age, gender and educational level to clustering of risk factors and lifestyle factors.

Results

The co-existence of multiple types of work-related psychosocial risk factors was associated with higher odds of smoking and being physically inactive. For example, workers exposed to three psychosocial risk factors had a 1.55 times higher odds of being physically inactive (95%CI: 1.42–1.70) compared to unexposed workers. A higher number of physical risk factors was also significantly associated with higher odds of smoking and obesity. The co-existence of multiple types of physical risk factors was not associated with higher odds of physical inactivity. Clustering of work-related risk factors and at least one unhealthy lifestyle factor occurred in particular among workers with low educational level.

Conclusions

Results imply that interventions are needed that focus on workers with a low educational level and address work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors as well as lifestyle.
Everolimus als krankheitsspezifische Therapieoption bei mit tuberöser Sklerose assoziierter, therapierefraktärer Epilepsie – ein systematischer Überblick
Authors: Willems Laurent M. , Strzelczyk Adam , Rosenow Felix
Published: January 2021

Tuberöse Sklerose („tuberous sclerosis complex“ [TSC]) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, die neben kutanen und viszeralen Organmanifestationen typischerweise bereits in einem sehr frühen Erkrankungsstadium mit einer schweren, meist therapierefraktären Epilepsie einhergeht. Aufgrund seiner direkten Wirkung am durch TSC dysregulierten mTOR-Signalweg sowie der synergistischen Effekte auf andere Organmanifestationen kommt das Rapamycin-Derivat Everolimus (EVE) zunehmend zur Anwendung. Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews ist, die Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von EVE bei Patienten mit TSC-assoziierter, therapierefraktärer Epilepsie aufzuarbeiten.
A novel method for processing adipose-derived stromal stem cells using a closed cell washing concentration device with a hollow fiber membrane module
Authors: Hayashi Shinji , Yagi Rieko , Taniguchi Shuhei , Uji Masami , Urano Hidaka , Yoshida Shinya , Sakurai Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) is an advanced lipoinjection method that uses autologous lipotransfer with addition of a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs). The CAL procedure of manual isolation of cells from fat requires cell processing to be performed in clean environment. To isolate cells from fat without the need for a cell processing center, such as in a procedure in an operation theater, we developed a novel method for processing SVF using a closed cell washing concentration device (CCD) with a hollow fiber membrane module. The CCD consists of a sterilized closed circuit, bags and hollow fiber, semi-automatic device and the device allows removal of >99.97% of collagenase from SVF while maintaining sterility. The number of nucleated cells, ASCs and viability in SVF processed by this method were equivalent to those in SVF processed using conventional manual isolation. Our results suggest that the CCD system is as reliable as manual isolation and may also be useful for CAL. This approach will help in the development of regenerative medicine at clinics without a cell processing center.
Fusarium oxysporum is the pathogen responsible for stem rot of the succulent plant Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ and observation of the infection process
Authors: Yao Jinai , Huang Peng , Chen Hanxin , Yu Deyi
Published: January 2021

Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ is a popular ornamental potted plant. In 2017–2018, stem rot lesions caused by Fusarium spp. were repeatedly observed on Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China. In this study, samples were collected to isolate the pathogen. After morphological observations, molecular identification, and pathogenicity measurements, the pathogen was confirmed as Fusarium oxysporum. Green fluorescent protein was used to label F. oxysporum to observe the pathogenic process in the host plant. Two to three days after inoculation, the pathogen conidia adhered to the surface of the host stem and germinated into hyphae. The hyphae invaded the host cortex through wounds on the plant or the stem-leaf junction. The host stem produced greyish-brown circular or irregular lesions. Five days after inoculation, the expanded hyphae invaded the vascular cylinder and proliferated. The lesions on the host stem became larger and the neighboring leaves gradually fell off. Seven days after inoculation, the thalli continued to proliferate in the host, the hyphae continued to expand, and the host pith was damaged. The lesions on the stem continued to expand; the stems and branches became withered and lodged, and numerous leaves fell off. Given the rapid infection of F. oxysporum in Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ plants, necessary prevention and control measures should be employed prior to infection. In summary, this study demonstrated that the pathogen responsible for stem rot disease in Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ is F. oxysporum and further revealed the invasion modes and pathways of F. oxysporum in this plant, providing an empirical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this stem rot pathogen.
Social Media Data in an Augmented Reality System for Situation Awareness Support in Emergency Control Rooms
Authors: Fromm Jennifer , Eyilmez Kaan , Baßfeld Melina , Majchrzak Tim A. , Stieglitz Stefan
Published: January 2021

During crisis situations, emergency operators require fast information access to achieve situation awareness and make the best possible decisions. Augmented reality could be used to visualize the wealth of user-generated content available on social media and enable context-adaptive functions for emergency operators. Although emergency operators agree that social media analytics will be important for their future work, it poses a challenge to filter and visualize large amounts of social media data. We conducted a goal-directed task analysis to identify the situation awareness requirements of emergency operators. By collecting tweets during two storms in Germany we evaluated the usefulness of Twitter data for achieving situation awareness and conducted interviews with emergency operators to derive filter strategies for social media data. We synthesized the results by discussing how the unique interface of augmented reality can be used to integrate social media data into emergency control rooms for situation awareness support.
Four-Field Co-evolutionary Model for Human Cognition: Variation in the Middle Stone Age/Middle Palaeolithic
Authors: Lombard Marlize , Högberg Anders
Published: January 2021

Here we explore variation and similarities in the two best-represented population groups who lived during the Middle Stone Age and Middle Palaeolithic—the Neanderthals andHomo sapiens. Building on approaches such as gene-culture co-evolution, we propose a four-field model to discuss relationships between human cognitive evolution, biology, technology, society, and ecology. We focus on the pre-50-ka phase, because we reason that later admixing between Neanderthals andHomo sapiensin Eurasia may make it difficult to separate them in terms of cognition, or any of the other fields discussed in this paper. Using our model enabled us to highlight similarities in cognition between the two populations in terms of symbolic behaviour and social learning and to identify differences in aspects of technical and social cognition. Dissimilarities in brain-selective gene variants and brain morphology strongly suggest differences in some evolutionary trajectories that would have affected cognition. We therefore suggest that rather than insisting that Neanderthals were cognitively ‘the same’ asHomo sapiens, it may be useful to focus future studies on Neanderthal-specific cognition that may have been well-developed within their specific context at the time.
Non-linear Sorenson–Dice Exemplar Image Inpainting Based Bayes Probability for Occlusion Removal in Remote Traffic Control
Authors: Arun P. L. , Kumar R Mathusoothana S
Published: January 2021

Occlusion removal is a significant problem to be resolved in a remote traffic control system to enhance road safety. However, the conventional techniques do not recognize traffic signs well due to the vehicles are occluded. Besides occlusion removal was not performed in existing techniques with a less amount of time. In order to overcome such limitations, Non-linear Gaussian Bilateral Filtered Sorenson–Dice Exemplar Image Inpainting Based Bayes Conditional Probability (NGBFSEII-BCP) Method is proposed. Initially, a number of remote sensing images are taken as input from Highway Traffic Dataset. Then, the NGBFSEII-BCP method applies the Non-Linear Gaussian Bilateral Filtering (NGBF) algorithm for removing the noise pixels in input images. After preprocessing, the NGBFSEII-BCP method is used to remove the occlusion in the input images. Finally, NGBFSEII-BCP Method applies Bayes conditional probability to find operation status and thereby gets higher road safety using remote sensing images. The technique conducts the simulation evaluation using metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio, computational time, and detection accuracy. The simulation result illustrates that the NGBFSEII-BCP Method increases the detection accuracy by 20% and reduces the computation time by 32% as compared to state-of-the-art works.
What Makes Genetic Discrimination Exceptional?
Authors: Hellman Deborah
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of disease has inspired hope but also fear. While establishing a link between a person's genetic makeup and a propensity to disease may lead to better treatment, many scientists, physicians and genetic counselors also worry that it may lead to discrimination. Although access to health insurance is the primary concern, people also fear discrimination in life and disability insurance, employment and other contexts, such as child custody decisions or adoption. In response to this concern, many state legislatures have passed laws forbidding genetic discrimination. While most of these laws focus on health insurance, some also prohibit genetic discrimination in employment or in life or disability insurance coverage.

These laws have been the subject of both praise and criticism. Defenders of the laws see them as important and necessary, though arguably incomplete. Critics view them as unjustified and unwarranted. However, the question that dominates current literature is whether genetic discrimination is meaningfully different from discrimination on the basis of general health status; or as the debate is often framed, whether anti-discrimination laws ought to be genetic or generic.
An Inquiry into Unionizing Home Healthcare Workers: Benefits for Workers and Patients
Authors: Gerrick Kristin Jenkins
Published: January 2021

Susan Carter has not been feeling well for days. She would like to see a doctor about her chest pain and wheezing, but Susan knows that missing work will leave her client without a replacement and, worse, she could be fired. Susan is a home healthcare worker in Illinois. Like many of her fellow workers, Susan has no health insurance and cannot afford to risk losing her job by going to see a doctor.

Often, Susan feels unable to handle the constant stress of her job. She helps her clients bathe and dress, prepares their meals and assists them with their medications and housekeeping. Susan travels by bus daily to care for two to five clients. She carries a pager day and night in case a client needs help with a plugged catheter or another emergency. Susan often has to work seven days a week, and she steps in to care for patients whose caregivers have left for better-paying jobs.
Health Disparities and the Law: Wrongs in Search of a Right
Authors: Bobinski Mary Anne
Published: January 2021

Healthy People 2010 provides our Nation with the wide range of public health opportunities that exist in the first decade of the 21st century. With 467 objectives in 28 focus areas, Healthy People 2010 will be a tremendously valuable asset … . Healthy People 2010 reflects the very best in public health planning—it is comprehensive, it was created by a broad coalition of experts from many sectors, it has been designed to measure progress over time, and, most important, it clearly lays out a series of objectives to bring better health to all people in this country.

The current responses to the traditional health perils … have been weakened. At the same time, it seems to this outsider as though the entire public health establishment is united around the proposition that massive public action should be taken to deal with the new “epidemics,” such as obesity and diabetes … . But the use of the term “epidemic” is just the wrong way to think about this issue. There are no noncommunicable epidemics … . Yet the designation [of] obesity as a public health epidemic is designed to signal that state coercion is appropriate … .
A Single‐Point Method to Quantitatively Diagnose the Magnetotail Flapping Motion
Authors: Rong Z. J. , Zhang C. , Klinger Lucy , Shen C. , Cui J. , Zhang Y. C. , Wei Y.
Published: January 2021

Quantitatively estimating magnetotail flapping motion is critical for understanding and characterizing its dynamical behaviors. Such estimation can be achieved in principle by the multipoint analysis of spacecraft tetrahedron, for example, Cluster or MMS mission, but, owing to the inability of single‐point measurement to separate the spatial‐temporal variation of magnetic field, would be inadequate for a single spacecraft. Since single‐point missions dominate explorations of planetary magnetotail, we have developed a single‐point method based on the magnetic field measurement that quantitatively estimates the parameters of flapping motion, including spatial amplitude, wavelength, and propagation velocity. By comparing several applied cases with the multipoint analysis of Cluster, we demonstrate that our method can be reasonably applied to infer the average parameters over the whole flapping period when magnetotail is during quiet phase (magnetic field in magnetotail does not experience significant temporal variation). Thus, this method could be applied widely to the “big data set” accumulated by single‐point spacecraft missions in order to study magnetotail flapping dynamics.
Blue circularly polarized luminescent amorphous molecules with single-handed propeller chirality induced by circularly polarized light irradiation
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , Harada Takunori , Pietropaolo Adriana , Wang Yuting , Wang Yue , Hu Xiao , He Xuehan , Chen Hui , Song Zhiyi , Bando Masayoshi , Nakano Tamaki
Published: January 2021

Single-handed propeller structure was induced by circularly polarized light irradiation to three molecules with a flat core moiety and twisted periphery groups (wings). The molecules exhibited efficient blue circularly polarized luminescence.
Correction: Free ion diffusivity and charge concentration on cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid iongel films based on sulfonated zwitterionic salts and lithium ions
Authors: Valverde David , Garcia-Bernabé Abel , Andrio Andreu , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. , Compañ Vicente
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Free ion diffusivity and charge concentration on cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid iongel films based on sulfonated zwitterionic salts and lithium ions’ by David Valverde et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 17923–17932, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP01903K.
Molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts: recent progress and joint perspectives
Authors: Li J. , Triana C. A. , Wan W. , Adiyeri Saseendran D. P. , Zhao Y. , Balaghi S. E. , Heidari S. , Patzke G. R.
Published: January 2021

The recent synthetic and mechanistic progress in molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts highlights the new, overarching strategies for knowledge transfer and unifying design concepts.
Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization
Authors: Gamaethiralalage J. G. , Singh K. , Sahin S. , Yoon J. , Elimelech M. , Suss M. E. , Liang P. , Biesheuvel P. M. , Zornitta R. L. , de Smet L. C. P. M.
Published: January 2021

Fishing ions: this review provides a comprehensive analysis of different approaches in utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) for selective ion separations and ion removal.
Towards novel probes for valence charges via X-ray optical wave mixing
Authors: Boemer Christina , Krebs Dietrich , Benediktovitch Andrei , Rossi Emanuele , Huotari Simo , Rohringer Nina
Published: January 2021

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of X-ray optical wave mixing.
Label-free three-dimensional observations and quantitative characterisation of on-chip vasculogenesis using optical diffraction tomography
Authors: Lee Chungha , Kim Seunggyu , Hugonnet Herve , Lee Moosung , Park Weisun , Jeon Jessie S. , Park YongKeun
Published: January 2021

Label-free, three-dimensional (3D) quantitative observations of on-chip vasculogenesis were achieved using optical diffraction tomography.
A portable sperm cell purification instrument based on continuous flow acoustophoretic separation of sperm cells for on-site forensic sample pretreatment
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Han , Wang Lei , Lu Ying , Liu Ran , Liu Peng , Cheng Jing
Published: January 2021

A portable sperm cell purification instrument based on continuous flow acoustophoretic separation of sperm cells without cell lysis is presented.
Platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells by flower-like mixed-phase CoxSy/NixSy/MoxSycomposites
Authors: Subbiah Vijaya , Landi Giovanni , Wu Jerry J. , Anandan Sambandam , Ashokkumar Muthupandian
Published: January 2021

Fabricated DSSCs using CoxSy/NixSy/MoxSycomposites as counter electrodes showed an enhanced photoconversion efficiency.
Co3O4–CuCoO2 hybrid nanoplates as a low-cost and highly active catalyst for producing hydrogen from ammonia borane
Authors: Feng Yufa , Liao Jinyun , Chen Xiaodong , Liao Qingyu , Wang Huize , Ji Shan , Pollet Bruno G. , Li Hao , He Mingyang
Published: January 2021

Co3O4–CuCoO2 hybrid nanoplates are low-cost and highly active catalysts for producing hydrogen from ammonia borane with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 65.0 molhydrogen molcat.−1 min−1.
Hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne/graphene as an sp/sp2 hybridized carbon interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Kong Suzhen , Cai Dong , Li Guifa , Xu Xiangju , Zhou Suya , Ding Xinwei , Zhang Yongqin , Yang Shuo , Zhou Xuemei , Nie Huagui , Huang Shaoming , Peng Ping , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2021

A novel sp/sp2 hybridized all-carbon interlayer exhibits a remarkable adsorption of LiPSs and restrains the shuttling effect to improve the battery performance.
A donor–acceptor ligand boosting the performance of FA0.8Cs0.2PbBr3 nanocrystal light-emitting diodes
Authors: Shen Wei , Lu Yao , Xia Pengfei , Zhang Wenzhu , Chen Yanfeng , Wang Wei , Wu Yanan , Liu Lihui , Chen Shufen
Published: January 2021

A donor–acceptor ligand, 3-amino-2-bromo-6-methoxypyridine (ABMeoPy), was introduced to boost the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Flexible synthesis of Au@Pd core–shell mesoporous nanoflowers for efficient methanol oxidation
Authors: Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Liu Songliang , Jiao Shiqian , Tian Wenjing , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: January 2021

We have reported flexible synthesis of Au@Pd core–shell mesoporous nanoflowers for the methanol oxidation reaction with excellent performance.
The role of anions in light-driven conductivity in diarylethene-containing polymeric ionic liquids
Authors: Nie Hui , Schauser Nicole S. , Dolinski Neil D. , Geng Zhishuai , Oh Saejin , Chabinyc Michael L. , Hawker Craig J. , Segalman Rachel A. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: January 2021

The role of anion character in the photostationary state, magnitude of conductivity, and light-responsive properties of diarylethene-containing polymeric ionic liquids was investigated.
Sustainable existence of solid mercury (Hg) nanoparticles at room temperature and their applications
Authors: Harika Villa Krishna , Penki Tirupathi Rao , Loukya Boddapati , Samanta Atanu , Xu Gui-Liang , Sun Cheng-Jun , Grinberg Ilya , Deepak Francis Leonard , Amine Khalil , Aurbach Doron , Gedanken Aharon
Published: January 2021

Formation of the stable solid mercury nanoparticles by acoustic cavitation and their electrochemical activity compared to its bulk liquid metal.
Correction: Solution self-assembly of plasmonic Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Castro Nicolò , Constantin Doru , Davidson Patrick , Abécassis Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Solution self-assembly of plasmonic Janus nanoparticles’ by Nicolò Castro et al., Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 9666–9673, DOI: 10.1039/C6SM01632D.
Circularly polarised backward, broadside, and forward beam scanning cross‐slot loaded periodic planar leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Barzegari Saeed , Forooraghi Keyvan , Arand Bijan A.
Published: January 2021

In the present study, a novel periodic planar leaky‐wave antenna (PLWA) was designed, simulated, and fabricated based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The antenna can scan the main beam from around −60° to +20° continuously with complete suppression of open stopband (OSB) by the sweeping frequency from 9.2 to 14.1 GHz. The proposed structure was designed to have circular polarisation (CP) in the entire operating frequency range, where the broadside or centre frequency is 12.25 GHz. Antenna gain in the broadside frequency is around 13 dBi. The radiation efficiency of the structure is improved and equalised through broadside, which is around 80% in the frequency band of operation. Also, series and shunt analysis was applied to the proposed periodic PLWA in the fundamental TE10 mode. In the next step, the asymmetric was applied longitudinally and transversely to the proposed structure to achieve OSB elimination combined with circular polarised radiation simultaneously. The equivalent circuit of the proposed structure was extracted and, finally, the antenna was fabricated. Based on the results, excellent agreement was observed between the measured, modelled, and simulated results.
Land Use and Land Cover Change in Khorezm, Uzbekistan
Authors: Rakhmonov Sherzod , Umurzakov Uktam , Rakhmonov Kosimdjon , Bozarov Iqbol , Karamatov Ozodbek
Published: January 2021

This article depicts on discussions about land use and land cover change distribution in Khorezm province, Uzbekistan between 1987 and 2019. For the study Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI respectively used to detect land use changes in the study area. Khorezm region affected by Aral Sea shrinkage having received salt wind from northeast of the region. Moreover, population increased within study period, making population density intense. Research is carried out to detect reflection of ecology and density in land use. RS techniques maximum likelihood employed to classify land use to generate land cover distribution map. In total seven class selected such as agricultural land, built up, bare land, lowland, saline land, sand and waterbody. The research of Khorezm region for 32 years has been thoroughly studied and found out that agricultural land, built up and saline land increased tremendously while lowland and bare soil are decreased accordingly. The result map can be used for decision makers and government bodies for future long term urban and regional planning.
Basics of Atlas Mapping Optimization in the Fergana Valley
Authors: Khakimova Kamolakhon , Musaev Ilhomjon , Khamraliev Akbarjon
Published: January 2021

Thematic maps reflecting the negative or positive impact of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors on human living conditions are of particular importance in modern world ecological and cartographic research. To optimize the ecological situation in the region, including the river regions and oases of Uzbekistan, such ecological mapping involves the creation of atlases of a systematic collection of analytical and synthetic maps. In the world, environmental mapping gives preference to synchronization methods where specific atlas maps are systematically created by interconnecting environmental characteristics, that is, several maps that interactively interact with their didactic texts in GIS software are deployed on a computer screen at the same time. These research programs ArcGIS, QGIS, and SWAT model software focus on database creation, electronic map visualization, modeling, and analytical mapping.
Application of GIS and RS in real time crop monitoring and yield forecasting: a case study of cotton fields in low and high productive farmlands
Authors: Mamatkulov Zokhid , Safarov Eshkobil , Oymatov Rustam , Abdurahmanov Ilhom , Rajapbaev Maksud
Published: January 2021

Badland reclamation and low productive farmlands always have been one of the most detrimental effects on the national economy, typically in agricultural sector of Uzbekistan. Nonetheless, such kind of lands has been used extensively for major crops like cotton and winter wheat. However, it is difficult to assessing real productivity of them. Advanced technologies as GIS and RS are vital tool for geospatially analysing and making decisions on this type of fields. This research was carried out for real-time crop monitoring and yield forecasting in case of low productive (3.5 ha) and high productive (8.3 ha) cotton areas of Jarkurgan district (Surkhandarya region, Uzbekistan) based on geospatial analyses of multi-temporal satellite images, condition of groundwater, soil salinity, and ground truth data. For monitoring vegetation phenology of cotton and forecasting its harvest, False Colour, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SI (Salinity Index) analyses of areas were carried out by using 6 temporal windows of multi-temporal Sentinel 2 from April through August 2019. Besides, groundwater condition data which was obtained from observation wells these located in massives consists of both cotton fields was analysed by IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) interpolation algorithm method to determine groundwater’s effect to vegetation development and yield.
The Value of the Cards in Water Basins with the Installation of Solar Power Plants in Yangiyul District of Tashkent Province of Uzbekistan
Authors: Musaev Ilhomjon , Bokiev Abdujalol , Botirova Mukhtaram
Published: January 2021

The article considers the possibility of using the surface of various reservoirs characteristic of regions when allocating land for lowpower solar power plants in Uzbekistan. When implementing low-power solar power plants in Uzbekistan, a certain amount of land resources is required (for installing solar panels). From the point of view of respect for natural capital (saving land resources), the method of installing solar panels directly above the surface of water basins based on the corresponding maps of water basins is technically and economically effective. The methodological basis of the research is the results of researchers work on the problems of land relations and land management. In the research, a systematic approach to the analysis of land use has been chosen, in which a variety of tools were used to determine the essence of the analyzed phenomena, processes and patterns. In recent years, industry has been rapidly developing in rural areas of the Yangiyul district of Tashkent Province of Uzbekistan. In this regard, the problems of effective use of land resources, especially targeted use of irrigated land, has become urgent. This means that in the future there will be problems when allocating land for the installation of low-power solar power plants.
Exploitation aspects of diagnostic hydraulic and pneumatic systems of Multimedia Hybrid Mobile Stages
Authors: Kałaczyński Tomasz , Martynyuk Valeriy , Boiko Juliy , Matyukh Sergiy , Petrashchuk Svitlana
Published: January 2021

Knowledge of the technical state and construction of the hydraulic and pneumatic control system of Multimedia Hybrid Mobile Stage HMSM allows you to identify hazards and make a risk assessment. The aspects of the algorithmic process of diagnosing pneumatic and hydraulic control systems presented in the work form the basis for the development and implementation of safe solutions in the process of operation. This article describes the methodology for diagnosing HMSM machine hydraulics and industrial pneumatics systems, detailing the factors determining the correctness of maintaining functional fitness. The considerations developed illustrate the complexity of the diagnostic testing design process for condition assessment.
Establishment of First Afebrile Fit Telephone Clinic at Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
Authors: Khistriya Arti , Aldouri Ahmed , Hagan Catherine , Hughes Sarah , Ives Tammy , Gill Rati , Banos Ines , Carey Georgina
Published: January 2021

Children presenting with a suspected seizure are recommended to be seen by a specialist for the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies within 2 weeks of presentation. As part of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health Quality Improvement Project, our project aim was to establish a first afebrile fit telephone clinic in line with The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. Our results showed safety information was poorly provided and retained at the initial consultation and a follow-up telephone call reinforced safety information and provided a point of contact for patients and families to use. The telephone follow-up also resulted in eight direct referrals into an epilepsy clinic. It is hoped the results from this project will act as a stepping stone to setting up a consultant-led first fit clinic.