bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics study and experimental validation of METTL3 regulation of immune-related genes affecting placental vascular development
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , Du Zhixin , Yang Liping , Hou Junlin , Zhang Zhenqiang , Song Qi , Wu Yongye , Wang Yaohui , Guan X , Chen P
Published: October 2023

The proper development of the placental vascular system is a crucial factor in ensuring fetal health. m6A modification is a key pathophysiological mechanism in placental vascular development. However, the specific mechanism by which m6A influences placental vascular development remains unclear. Here, we explored the role of 21 m6A regulators in placental development based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Following a series of machine learning techniques, METTL3 was recognized as the pivotal m6A regulator. We subsequently employed consensus clustering analysis to delineate two distinct m6A isoforms, and investigated their correlation with immune cells. Further, through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) coupled with correlation analysis, we pinpointed METTL3-associated placental development genes. These genes were notably enriched in immune-related categories. Furthermore, we uncovered immune-related differentially expressed genes that were associated with differentially expressed m6A regulators. Additionally, we performed an immune infiltration analysis to gain a deeper understanding of how these genes interact with immune cells. Ultimately, to validate our findings, we carried out animal experiments. In conclusion, our study found that targeting METTL3 could affect placental vascular development, which may provide guidance for the clinical treatment of placental-like diseases.
Modeling and Determination of the Appropriate Cathode Material to Be Used in the Design of a High-Capacity Li-Ion Battery
Authors: MEMELA NDUMISO ADRIAN , CHETTY NAVEN
Published: October 2023

In this research, we study Li-NCM cathode material with an SLP50 anode. The main requirements for this work were to produce a battery model that has a faster recharging rate, loses power slower, has high capacity, and has a prolonged life span. The Battery Design Studio computer program was used to predict the behavior of the selected materials which were Li-NCM cathode and SPL50 (graphite powder) anode. We rigorously tested the model and the results demonstrated that the proposed cell design was within the target specifications and when further tested, it was found that these materials meet the Freedom-CAR global battery requirements.
Characterization of early markers of disease progression in the mouse model of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB
Authors: McCullough Katherine B , Titus Amanda , Reardon Kate M , Conyers Sara B , Dougherty Joseph D , Ge Xia , Garbow Joel R , Dickson Patricia , Yuede Carla M , Maloney Susan E
Published: October 2023

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB, also known as Sanfilippo Syndrome B, is a devastating childhood disease. Unfortunately, there are currently no available treatments for MPS IIIB patients. Yet, animal models of lysosomal storage diseases have been valuable tools in identifying promising avenues of treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and bone marrow transplant have all shown efficacy in the MPS IIIB model systems. A ubiquitous finding across rodent models of lysosomal storage diseases is that the best treatment outcomes resulted from intervention prior to symptom onset. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to identify early markers of disease progression in the MPS IIIB mouse model as well as examine clinically-relevant behavioral domains not yet explored in this model. We observed reduced maternal isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations in MPS IIIB mice relative to controls, as well as disruption in a number of the spectrotemporal features. MPS IIIB also exhibited disrupted thermoregulation during the first two postnatal weeks without any differences in body weight. The developmental trajectories of gait were largely normal. In early adulthood, we observed intact visual acuity and sociability yet a more submissive phenotype and increased aggressive behavior relative to controls. MPS IIIB mice showed greater inhibition of startle in response to a pretone with a decrease in overall startle response and reduced cued fear memory. MPS IIIB also weighed significantly more than controls throughout adulthood and showed larger whole brain volumes and normalized regional volumes with intact tissue integrity as measured with magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging, respectively. Together, these results indicate disease markers are present as early as the first two weeks postnatal in this model. Further, this model recapitulates social, sensory and fear-related clinical features. Our study using a mouse model of MPS IIIB provides essential baseline information that will be useful in future evaluations of potential treatments.
Ultrafast Upgrading of Aniline-Based Redox-Active Organics via Electrolyte-Triggered In-Situ Polymerization for Advanced Magnesium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Zhong , Song Xinmei , xue Xiaolan , Ma Xingkai , Yu Qianchuan , Zhu Mengfei , Wang Yaoda , Liang Junchuan , Tie Zuoxiu
Published: October 2023

Organic electrodes are promising as next-generation energy storage materials owing to their diverse structures, low mass, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the dissolution and degradation of organic active species in electrolytes are remaining obstacles to their authentic commercialization. Herein, we report an instantaneous in-situ upgrading strategy to convert aniline-based organic cathode materials, e.g., 1-aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone (1,5-DAAQ), into poly(1-aminoanthraquinone) (PAAQ) and poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (PDAAQ) in a magnesium-ion battery simply by dropping the electrolyte during battery assembly without extra operations. The marvelous chemistry is essentially a chemical polymerization process of aniline-based compounds featuring the dehydrogenation of -NH2, the aromatization of radical cations, and the rapid free radical reaction triggered by the electrolyte containing magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2) as an initiator. Impressively, due to the π-conjugated polymer chain with inhibited dissolution, high conductivity, and improved stability, the as-obtained PDAAQ delivered a high specific capacity (254 mAh g− 1 at 100 mA g− 1), superior rate performance (83 mAh g− 1 at 2000 mA g− 1), and excellent cycling stability for over 8000 cycles accompanied by an average capacity decay of only 0.0026% per cycle. Detailed characterizations deeply investigate the kinetic behavior and confirm the reversible magnesiation/de-magnesiation mechanism of PDDAQ. This study demonstrates an intriguing in-situ chemical-polymerization synthetic approach for preparing aniline-based organic electrode materials that compromise structure optimization and synthetic efforts, offering great promise for high-performance and sustainable multivalent-ion secondary batteries.
Case Report of a Child with Nephronophthisis from South Africa
Authors: Bhimma Rajendra , Jembere Edgar , Hariparshad Sudesh
Published: October 2023

Background:
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a subset of patients presenting with extrarenal manifestations such as retinal degeneration, cerebella ataxia, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, cardiac malformations, and lung bronchiectasis. However, the involvement of other organ systems has also been documented. Extrarenal manifestations occur in approximately 10–20% of patients. In developed countries, it has been reported as one of the most common causes of monogenic chronic kidney failure during the first three decades of life, with more than 25 genes associated with this condition. The current treatment options for managing NPHP include supportive care, management of complications, and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) when necessary.
Case presentation:
Patient MN is a 10-year-old Caucasian female who presented with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain. MN's elder sister, TN, who was 17 years old, was diagnosed with CKF and noted to have persistently elevated liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine, and aspartate transaminases). Following genetic testing, TN was shown to have Nephronophthisis Type 3, and a liver biopsy showed early fibrotic changes. Subsequent genetic testing confirmed MN as having NPHP Type 3. A kidney biopsy showed focal sclerosed glomeruli with patchy areas of tubular atrophy and related tubulointerstitial changes in keeping with NPHP. We present the first confirmatory case of NPHP from Africa based on histopathology and genetic testing in a 10-year-old Caucasian female who presented with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, whose elder sister also presented with chronic kidney failure and early liver fibrosis, confirmed on biopsy and genetic testing.
Conclusions:
In low-middle-income countries, genetic testing should be undertaken whenever possible to confirm the diagnosis of NPHP, especially in those with a suggestive biopsy or if there is CKF of unknown aetiology with or without extra-renal manifestations.
A systematic review of prenatal diagnosis Vein of Galen aneurysm: prenatal predictive markers and management from the fetal life to childhood
Authors: Meglio Lavinia Di , Sica Giordana , Toscano Paolo , Orlandi Giuliana , Mazzarelli Laura Letizia , Sica Carmine , Meglio Aniello
Published: October 2023

Background
Vein of Galen malformations (VGMs)account for less than 1% of all intracranial vascular malformations. However in the fetal and pediatric population represent the most common vascular malformation of the brain. An optimal knowledge of the prenatal and postnatal clinical features is mandatory for an effective management.
Methods
Articles published between 1st January 2003 and 1st January 2023, reported in PUBMED and EMBASE, were evaluated for a systematic review analyzing prenatal features, postnatal features and management of fetal Galean VGMs.
Results
Twenty-nine papers reporting information on 50 prenatally-diagnosed VGM were included. The most common prenatal features were: fetal hydrocephalus (40%) and cardiomegaly (58%). Post-natal data of 42 VGMs cases are described .The overall mortality was 59,52%. 76,50% of the survivors had a normal development.
Conclusions
A close follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to manage this condition. The aim of our study was to provide a guide to gynecologist, neonatologist, cardiologist, and neuroradiologist.
Critical Analysis of Privacy Risks in Machine Learning and Implications for Use of Health Data: A systematic review and meta-analysis on membership inference attacks
Authors: Walker Emily V. , Bu Jingyu , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , Wickham Maeve , Shack Lorraine , Robson Paula , Hegde Nidhi
Published: October 2023

Purpose.
Machine learning(ML) has revolutionized data processing and analysis, with applications in health showing great promise. However, ML poses privacy risks, as models may reveal information about their training data. Developing frameworks to assess/mitigate privacy risks is essential, particularly for health data custodians responsible for adhering to ethical and legal standards in data use. In September 2022, we conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis to estimate the relative effects of factors hypothesized to contribute to ML privacy risk, focusing on membership inference attacks (MIA).
Methods.
Papers were screened for relevance to MIA, and selected for the meta-analysis if they contained attack performance(AP) metrics for attacks on models trained on numeric data. Random effects regression was used to estimate the adjusted average change in AP by model type, generalization gap and the density of training data in each region of input space (partitioned density). Residual sum of squares was used to determine the importance of variables on AP.
Results.
The systematic review and meta-analysis included 115 and 42 papers, respectively, comprising 1,910 experiments. The average AP ranged from 61.0% (95%CI:60.0%-63.0%; AUC)-74.0% (95%CI:72.0%-76.0%; recall). Higher partitioned density was inversely associated with AP for all model architectures, with the largest effect on decision trees. Higher generalization gap was linked to increased AP, predominantly affecting neural networks. Partitioned density was a better predictor of AP than generalization gap for most architectures.
Conclusions.
This is the first quantitative synthesis of MIA experiments, that highlights the effect of dataset composition on AP, particularly on decision trees, which are commonly used in health.
Evaluation of the horizontal approach to the medial malleolar facet in sagittal talar fractures through dorsiflexion and plantarflexion positions
Authors: Li Xian. , Wang Xiao-ke. , Han Li-ren. , Li Hao. , Tian Hui-chao. , Yan Jun. , Liu Hai-juan.
Published: October 2023

Background Talar fractures often require osteotomy during surgery to achieve reduction and screw fixation of the fractured fragments due to limited visualization and operating space of the talar articular surface. The objective of this study was to evaluate the horizontal approach to the medial malleolus facet by maximizing exposure through dorsiflexion and plantarflexion positions.
Methods In the positions of foot dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and functional, we respectively obtained the anterior and posterior edge lines of the projection of the medial malleolus on the medial malleolar facet. Import the talar model from Mimics into Geomagic software for image refinement. Utilize Solidworks software to segment the medial surface of the talus and extend the edge lines from the three positions to project them onto the "semicircular" base for 2D projection.
The exposed area in different positions, the percentage of total area it represents, and the anatomic location of the insertion point at the groove between the anteroposternal protrusions of the medial malleolus were calculated.
Results The mean total area of the "semicircular" region on the medial malleolus surface of the talus was 542.10 ± 80.05 mm2; In functional position, the exposed mean area of the medial malleolar facet around the medial malleolus both anteriorly and posteriorly was 141.22 ± 24.34 mm2, 167.58 ± 22.36mm2. In dorsiflexion position, the mean area of the posterior aspect of the medial malleolar facet was 366.28 ± 48.12 mm2 ; In plantarflexion position, the mean of the anterior aspect of the medial malleolar facet was 222.70 ± 35.32 mm2; The mean area of unexposed area in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was 23.32 ± 5.94 mm2; The mean percentage of the increased exposure area in dorsiflexion (36.71 ± 3.25 %) and plantarflexion positions were 36.71 ± 3.25 % and 15.13 ± 2.83 %. The mean distance from the insertion point to the top of the talar dome was 10.69 ± 1.24 mm, to the medial malleolus facet border of the talar trochlea was 5.61 ± 0.96 mm, and to the tuberosity of medial malleolus facet of deltoid ligament posterior tibial talar was 4.53 ± 0.64 mm.
Conclusions Within the 3D model, we measured the exposed area of the medial malleolus facet in different positions and the anatomic location of the insertion point at the medial malleolus groove. The data regarding the exposed visualization area and virtual screws need to be combined with clinical experience for safer reduction and fixation of fracture fragments. Further validation of its intraoperative feasibility will require additional clinical research.
Parasites of stray cats in Iran: A parasitological and histopathological study
Authors: Ahmadi Amin , Oryan Ahmad , Alidadi Soodeh
Published: October 2023

Many zoonotic parasitic diseases, including Toxocara cati may be spread by stray cat populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites by performing parasitological and histopathological examinations on stray cats in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 106 stray cats from different geographical areas of Shiraz, southern Iran, were analyzed for parasites. The overall prevalence was found to be 83.02% (88 of 106), and eight parasite species were found, including three species of cestodes, including Joyeuxiella spp. (52.83%), Taenia taeniaeformis (21.70%), Dipylidium caninum (1.89%)], three nematode species inclusive of Physaloptera spp. (23.59%), Toxocara cati (15.09%), Rictularia spp. (1.89%)], one protozoan species, Isospora spp. (6.60%), and one arthropod species, Ctenocephalides felis (5.66%). The prevalence did not significantly differ between males and females. It did appear, nevertheless, that the age of cats may be regarded as a risk factor for these parasitic infections. The results of the present study showed that parasitic infections and, more importantly, T. cati are relatively prevalent in stray cats, and the people living in this area are seriously at risk of this zoonotic disease. The cats of this region need to be monitored, and specific preventive measures should be developed by public health officials.
Quality of Life of Millenial with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Meñosa Froiland , Albaño Joanna
Published: October 2023

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder associated with an abnormal overproduction of androgen that has been the topmost endocrine disorder across the globe. The study aimed to introduce knowledge, findings and evaluate on how PCOS affected the quality of life of millennial women residing in Dapitan City province of Zamboanga del Norte. The objectives of the study were to know the demographic profile of the certified respondents in terms of marital status and number of children, to assess the quality of life of millennial women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, and lastly to test if there is a significant difference in the quality of life of millennial with PCOS when data is analyzed in terms of marital status and number of children. Quantitative method with cross-sectional descriptive approach was used in the study to quantify the data gathered and analyzed the result from the qualified respondents. The research study was conducted in Dapitan City province of Zamboanga del Norte, Northwestern coast of the island Mindanao with a total of thirty-two respondents for two weeks of data collection following the inclusion of criterion in selecting the respondents. The researchers have used the Qouta Sampling to primarily focus on one particular group of people that represents as the population of the study. The study adopted a questionnaire from the study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Quality of Life Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation which were validated by William et al., (2018) with the overall crohnbach alpha result of α=.95. Frequency count and percentage, chi-square probability, and Kruskal Wallis test were used to treat the data statistically. The respondents with partner experienced accounted to 75 percent with about 66 percent living with no children. In addition, millennial women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were living desperately. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the quality of life of millennial women with PCOS when analyzed by marital status and number of children. The researchers have concluded that majority of millennial women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome were able to have and experienced partners but were not able to conceive child. The quality of life of millennial women with polycystic ovarian syndrome were affected negatively that resulted to experienced desperate living. Marital status and number of children do not matter in the quality of life experienced by millennial women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Women diagnosed of PCOS should have regular medical check-up for blood test, androgen level, and ultrasound as required for fertility test. In addition, women with PCOS should seek medical practitioner for advices and therapeutic counselling. Thus, women with PCOS regardless of marital status and number of children should attend complete medical check-up and follow medication prescribed by the attending physician.
Designing for curiosity enhances absorption and continued intention to use MOOCs
Authors: Faisal C. M. Nadeem , Younas Aisha , De Andrés Javier , Fernandez-Lanvin Daniel , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Martin
Published: October 2023

Rapid technological growth and frequent modification in user usage behavior consequently emerge new challenges for online learning service providers to continuously determine individuals’ experiences to maintain their level of engagement. Accessible interfaces and interactive services play a key role in increasing user engagement with technologies. The intent is to seek deeper insights to determine potential interface design features that heighten curiosity and absorption, leading to continued intention to use. An application MOOC prototype was created to collect data from participants and used to validate the proposed research model and hypotheses. The partial least squares method was used to analyze the collected data. It was found that the design characteristics increased the level of curiosity and immersed participants in the learning environment, causing them to lose their sense of time and develop a sense of temporal dissociation. This study will draw the attention of e-learning service providers to learners' perceptions of learning resources.
CYP3A5 and POR gene polymorphisms as predictors of infection and graft rejection in post-liver transplant patients treated with tacrolimus - a cohort study
Authors: Ono Suzane , Naldi Graziella , Minari Ariane , Pereira Thales , Fossaluza Victor , Eugenio Nicholas , Ferreira Marcelo , Gregório Guilherme , Nacif Lucas , Albuquerque Luiz D , Filho Ricardo di Lazzaro , Cançado Eduardo , Ono Suzane
Published: October 2023

Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with advanced stages of liver disease, with tacrolimus used as the immunosuppressive drug of choice. However, due to its narrow therapeutic index and high inter- and intra-individual variability, serum monitoring should be frequent. An individual's genetic variability can interfere with drug response, potentially leading an individual to overexposure or underexposure of a drug. This study aims to investigate the association of polymorphisms with infection, acute rejection, and renal failure. This is an observational, prospective, cohort, single-center study in liver transplant patients. Were collected 97 recipients and 97 donors. The logistic regression model found an influence of patients expressing CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) and expressing POR*28 (rs1057868) on the development of acute rejection after liver transplantation (p = 0.028). It also found an association between carriers of the variant allele of the POR*28 gene and infection (p = 0.006 isolated analysis and p = 0.003 combined analysis).
The compressive creep of rockfill
Authors: Gang DENG , Yu SU , ZHANG Yinqi , ZHANG Yanyi , HUANG Wenchao
Published: October 2023

Multistage constant stress rates loading-creep tests were carried out on air-dried slate rockfill. The influences of the loading history on the creep deformation of rockfill were investigated, including the prior loading stress rate, the stress increment size of prior loading, and the history of early loading and early creep, in which 'prior loading' was defined as the loading just before the creep in the current loading-creep step, while 'early loading' or 'early creep' was that before prior loading. Regardless of the size of the prior loading stress increment, as long as there was a loading-creep process before this step of loading-creep, the time development process of the subsequent creep strain and strain rate was related to the creep stress and the prior stress rate before creep. The creep process had no obvious relationship with the early stress rate in the last step, as well as the earlier loading history before the last creep. The subsequent creep strain was positively correlated with the creep stress and prior stress rate. When the prior stress rate before creep was high, the subsequent creep rate and time were linear in the double logarithmic coordinate. The creep rate and time accorded with a power-law relationship which appeared to be the baseline for creep development. Whatever the prior loading rate, the creep rate time progression in the middle and later stages of the subsequent creep conformed to this baseline. Besides, when the prior stress rate was lower than a certain value, the initial strain rate of subsequent creep was significantly lower than the baseline, which decreases less until several minutes after the start of creep. The development law of creep rate at the initial stage could be generalized as a straight horizontal line in double logarithmic coordinates, which is kept almost unchanged for a certain time. The strain rate would not resume the power-law relationship with time until it approached the base creep rate. The inheritance and hysteresis of different prior strain rates to the initial stage of subsequent creep due to prior stress rate with the discrepancy, result in differences in the creep magnitude and time development process of creep rate. Moreover, the prior low strain rate both depressed the initial rate of subsequent creep and pushed back the initiation time of subsequent creep according to the power law.
N6-methyladenosine-modified TRIM37 augments sunitinib resistance by promoting the ubiquitin-degradation of SmARCC2 via activating the Wnt signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Qiang , Dai Ting , Dong Yihong , Liang Jianpeng , Xu Zhipeng , Sun Zhixia
Published: October 2023

Tripartite motif-containing 37 (TRIM37) is reportedly a key member of the superfamily of TRIM proteins. Emerging evidence underscores the close association between dysregulated TRIM37 expression and the progression of various human malignancies. However, the precise biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of TRIM37 remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of TRIM37 on the chemotherapy sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and uncover its specific molecular regulatory role. Using RT-qPCR and western blot assays, we assessed TRIM37 expression in both RCC patients and RCC cells. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we investigated the effects of TRIM37 silencing and overexpression on RCC cell proliferation, stemness capacity, and chemotherapy sensitivity using colony formation and sphere formation assays. Additionally, a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiment was conducted to explore putative interacting proteins. Our results revealed elevated TRIM37 expression in both RCC patient tumor tissues and RCC cells. Functional experiments consistently demonstrated that TRIM37 silencing reduced proliferation and stemness capacity while enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity in RCC cells. Furthermore, we discovered that TRIM37 mediates the degradation of SMARCC2 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathways by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study not only sheds light on the biological role of TRIM37 in RCC progression but also identifies a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in RCC patients.
jrfapp: A Python package for joint inversion of apparent S-wave velocity and receiver function time series
Authors: Veisi Mohammad , Motaghi Seyed Khalil , Schiffer Christian
Published: October 2023

Receiver function (RF) inversion is a well-established method to quantify a horizontally layered approximation of the S-wave velocity structure beneath a seismic station using deconvolved signals of P to S converted teleseismic earthquake waves. It is well-known that the RF inverse problem is highly non-unique and non-linear, and various tools exist that may overcome this problem. One of the most-commonly used methods is joint inversion with other seismological data that are sensitive to S-wave velocity, such as surface waves or S-waveforms. In this contribution, we present a joint inversion framework along with a Python package that implements the joint inversion of RF and the so-called apparent S-wave velocity (VS,app). We assess its performance and feasibility through several synthetic tests. Our implementation includes a pseudo-initial model estimation using two alternative methods, which helps address the inherent non-uniqueness of the joint inversion of RFs and VS,app. This implementation enhances the resolving power of the joint inversion, enabling estimation of S-wave velocities with resolution approaching that of deep controlled source seismic methods. As an illustration, we showcase a real-data example from a permanent station in the Makran subduction zone southeast of the Iranian Plateau. We compare our joint inversion results with several S-wave velocity models obtained through a deep seismic sounding profile and joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and RFs. This comparison shows that although we note a slightly lower sensitivity of our proposed method at greater depths (beyond 50 km), the method yields much better results for shallow structures compared to joint inversion of RFs and surface waves.
Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial activity and Docking Study of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Authors: Alamri Abdullah , Sayed Hossam , Farghaly Abdel-Rahman , Ismail Khatib Sayeed , El-Aasar Mohammed Ramadan , Ibrahim Diaa A. , Alamier Wleed , Amri Nasser
Published: October 2023

Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), a renowned natural polymer, finds versatile applications, especially in medicine. This study explores the effect of 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride, a biologically active compound, on polymer properties and biological activity. Various concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) from 4-(2-chloroethyl) morpholine hydrochloride in CMC were examined to assess the changes in the polymer properties and the biological impact. The results indicated that elevated antimicrobial agent percentages amplify the zone of inhibition and markedly change the polymer's thermal and optical characteristics. A higher concentration of 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride also reduces CMC degradation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals significant surface modifications. Remarkably, our compound displayed good antibacterial and antifungal activities and the suggested mechanism studies proposed that our compound could act as a potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHIs), which was proved by the agreeable molecular docking study. The current study could help the title compound to be a lead compound for exploring highly bioactive antimicrobial and antifungal substrates, especially the potential SDHIs.
Analysis of bituminous pavements with artificial and recycled aggregates on sustainable roads
Authors: Teijón-López-Zuazo Evelio , Vega-Zamanillo Ángel , Santos Cristina Calmeiro dos ,   David Gómez-Carrascal2
Published: October 2023

This research carried out compares the behavior of traditional bituminous mixes with other sustainable mixes reusing recycled materials, waste or additives that improve mechanical or rheological characteristics. We have obtained the stresses and deformations in the pavement sections analyzed and the fatigue laws, determining the number of 13t axles that the material can support. For Heavy Vehicle (HV), with an Annual Average Daily Heavy Traffic (AADHT) of at least 800 HV by day (HV/d), the mixes investigated show a section durability loss of 12-15%, which can be considered acceptable. However, for minor traffic, for AADHT up to 25 HV/d, all the sustainable mixes tested improve the durability of the traditional mixes. However, for traffic below 25 HV/d, the data obtained do not recommend the use of sustainable materials in the case of a single pavement layer. As a wearing course, they can be laid in cycle paths or pedestrian areas.
First Steps Towards Facilitating the Learning of Using Wearable Lower-limb Exoskeletons withImmersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez Antonio , Berg Alex van den , Cucinella Salvatore Luca , Lobo-Prat Joan , Font-Llagunes Josep M. , Marchal-Crespo Laura
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Wearable lower-limb robotic exoskeletons have developed rapidly in recent years for the gait rehabilitation and ambulatory assistance of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the learning process to use an exoskeleton is lengthy and tedious as it requires the learning of sequential sub-tasks to trigger steps, e.g., shifting the weight between legs and hip thrust. Timely, the emergence of exoskeletons has coincided with the commercialization of low-cost head-mounted displays (HMDs) that make immersive virtual reality (IVR) a viable rehabilitation tool. HMDs could be a valuable tool to promote the learning of using exoskeletons. However, it is still an open question how immersive virtual environments should be designed to enhance the learning of this especially complex motor task.
Methods:
In this study, we developed an HMD-IVR-based system for training to control wearable lower-limb exoskeletons. The system simulates a virtual walking task of an avatar resembling the sub-tasks needed to trigger steps with an exoskeleton. We ran an experiment with forty healthy participants to investigate the effects of first- (1PP) vs. third-person perspective (3PP) and the provision (or not) of concurrent visual feedback of participants' movements on the walking performance -- namely distance walked, trunk inclination, and stride length --, as well as the effects on embodiment, usability, cybersickness, and perceived workload.
Results:
We found that all participants learned to execute the walking task. However, no clear combination of perspective and visual feedback improved the learning of all sub-tasks concurrently. Instead, the key seems to lie in selecting the appropriate perspective and visual feedback for each sub-task. In particular, the 1PP improved the stride length while training with concurrent visual feedback did not enhance learning overall. Notably, participants embodied the avatar across all training modalities with low cybersickness levels. Still, participants' cognitive load remained high, leading to marginally acceptable usability scores.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that to maximize learning, patients should train sub-tasks sequentially using the most suitable combination of person's perspective and visual feedback for each sub-task. This research offers valuable insights for future developments in IVR to support individuals with SCI in improving the learning of walking with wearable exoskeletons.
Identification of Adult Ixodid Tick Species by Raman Spectroscopy of Their Feces
Authors: Dou Tianyi , Holman Aidan P. , Hays Samantha R. , Donaldson Taylor G. , Goff Nicolas , Teel Pete D. , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: October 2023

Background: Ticks and tick-borne diseases pose significant challenges to cattle production, necessitating effective control measures based on understanding tick presence, identification, abundance, and dispersal. The standard method for inspection is visual and physical examination of restrained animals, but the limitations of human sight and touch can allow for larval, nymphal, and unfed adult ticks to remain undetected due to their small size and attachment sites. However, Raman spectroscopy, an analytical tool widely used in agriculture, shows promise for tick-species identification of tick-infested cattle. Raman spectroscopy provides a non-invasive and efficient method for acquiring data by leveraging the interaction between molecules and light, allowing for the identification of molecular constituents within specimens.
Methods: Raman spectroscopy was employed to analyze the structure and composition of tick feces deposited on host skin and hair during blood-feeding. Feces from 12 ixodid tick species spanning five genera were scanned. Spectral data were subjected to a machine-learning model called partial least squares discriminant analysis. In addition, we compared and evaluated feces of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, after feeding on cattle, using Raman spectroscopy and the same analytical procedures.
Results: Raman spectroscopy of tick feces identified six genus/sub-genus taxonomic groups at overall true prediction rates ranging from 92.3 to 100. At the species level, Raman spectroscopy identified Dermacentor albipictus, D. andersoni and D. variabilis at the overall true prediction rates of 100, 99.28 and 100, respectively. There were distinct differences between horn fly and tick feces in blood and guanine vibrational features. The overall true prediction rate for separating tick and horn fly feces was 98%.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the proficiency of Raman spectroscopy in reliably identifying tick species through their feces and its potential for practical field-based applications to identify tick infested cattle.
Restoration through trenches does not demand organic fertilization and sawdust coverage on plant establishment
Authors: Ribeiro Sabrina Santos , Martins Walmer Bruno Rocha , Rodrigues Julia Isabella Matos , Oliveira Victor Pereira , Cruz Denis Conrado , Silva Arystides Resende , Ferreira Gracialda Costa , Lopes José do Carmo Alves , Rego Anna Kayne Costa , Schwartz Gustavo , Barbosa Rodrigo de Souza
Published: October 2023

Forest restoration in post-open pit mining areas is complex and faces the challenge of “recreating” the soil under horizontal disruption, representing strong barriers to root growth. Hence, trenches (paths opened by digging) for planting are an alternative to improve root development conditions and plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate growth of six tree species planted in trenches under three treatments: Topsoil or control (TS), Sawdust (SD) and Cow manure (CM). The trenches (1 m in height and length by 40 m long) were filled with topsoil. In the 6-m space between trenches, two treatments were performed: soil covered and not covered by sawdust to test natural regeneration. Six tree species (250 individuals) in pits over trenches where Mean Annual Increment in height (MAIHt,), diameter (MAIDSH), crown area (MAICA), and survival were assessed. After 18 months, mortality was 2.4%, Clitoria fairchildiana, Tachigali vulgaris, and Croton matourensis showed highest MAIHt and MAIDSH, and the C. fairchildiana presented the highest MAICA with no statistical differences among treatments. Sawdust coverage had no effects on litter amounts and on tree species from the natural regeneration. Herbs and grasses covered 45.5% and 57.2% of the soil with and without sawdust. Based on growth and mortality, C. fairchildiana, T. vulgaris, and C. matarensis can be recommended for initial restoration after kaolin mining.
On Skill Transfer of Memory and Attention Technology-Based Training: A Scoping Review
Authors: Al-Kabbany Ahmad , Gamal Farah , Azzam Hoda , Said Mohamed El , Yasser Reem , Ehab Roaa
Published: October 2023

Attention and memory skills are essential capacities that can have a profound impact on one’s life and, consequently, on society at large. There has always been a need for effective attention and memory training, which has been growing recently. This growth is due to several reasons including the increasing level of awareness on the positive influence that cognitive readiness can have on productivity in all sectors of the world’s economy. In response to this pressing need, research has focused on adopting new technologies to build innovative tools that can address this challenge. Chronologically, computer-based then mobile-based then, most recently, virtual reality (VR)-based memory and attention training frameworks have been proposed with potentially promising results. This scoping review aims at investigating the skill transfer or cross-impact of the technology-based training of memory and attention. Particularly, this review is meant to cover the computer, mobile, and VR-based training frameworks that featured the following transfer scenarios: 1) attention training to memory improvement, 2) memory training to attention improvement, 3) and cognitive training to improvements in memory and attention. In conclusion, most of the articles covered in this review indicated that near and distant transfer between different cognitive aspects do exist across diverse technologies, e.g., computer, mobile, and VR. Having such a map from frameworks to skills would help us optimize training program development and content design. While we focused on attention and memory, other cognitive aspects appeared among the affected factors including reaction time and inhibitory control.
Stability Analysis of Fractional Difference Equations with Delay
Authors: Joshi Divya , Bhalekar Sachin , Gade Prashant
Published: October 2023

Long-term memory is a feature observed in systems ranging from neural networks to epidemiological models. The memory in such systems is usually modeled by the time delay. Furthermore, the nonlocal operators, such as the "fractional order difference" can also have a long-time memory. Therefore, the fractional difference equations with delay are an appropriate model in a range of systems. Even so, there are not many detailed studies available related to the stability analysis of fractional order systems with delay. In this work, we derive the stability conditions for linear fractional difference equations with a delay term $\tau$. We have given detailed stability analysis for the cases $\tau=1$ and $\tau=2$. The results are extended to nonlinear maps.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 37E05 · 39A30 · 26A33
Assessment of Land Use /Land Cover Changes and its Future Predictions Using CA-Markov with ANN Simulation for Berhampore, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mustaquim Md. , Islam Woheeul
Published: October 2023

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is a multifaceted and dynamic process influenced by factors like population growth, economic development, and climate shifts. This study delves into the LULC changes spanning 1991 to 2021 in Berhampore, a district headquarters in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Notable findings include an expansion of built-up land from 5.25–9.30%, a reduction in agricultural land from 81.98–72.36%, and an increase in plantation or forest land from 8.45–13.23%. The change transition matrix highlights significant shifts, notably the transformation of agricultural land into built-up areas (15.92 km²) and conversion to plantation or forest land (25.96 km²) and water bodies (5.54 km²). A chord diagram visually represents the transition matrix's outcomes. Utilizing the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model, the study forecasts Berhampore's LULC for 2031. Forecasts indicate an ongoing increase in built-up land and a decrease in agricultural land. Concurrently, the area of plantation or forest land is projected to expand. Employing remote sensing and GIS techniques, the research tracks LULC changes and engages in a focus group discussion with local stakeholders. Findings underscore the intricate interplay between LULC, urbanization, and environmental dynamics. The study underscores the urgency of sustainable city planning, resource management, and community involvement to manage these transformations while preserving community well-being and ecological equilibrium. As cities expand and populations grow, this research highlights the imperative to balance development with environmental preservation for the greater benefit of society and nature.
Bioinformatics analysis of the role of RNA modification regulators in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Quan Kewei , Zilin You , Gaopi Deng , Yunmei Li , Shuting Ning
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic/endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS is related to race, genetics, environment, hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. However, studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between RNA modification and PCOS are lacking. Thus, herein, we investigated the potential common genetic and molecular pathways between RNA modification and PCOS using bioinformatics analyses.
METHODS: The GSE34526, GSE5850, and GSE98421 datasets were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Intersecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and RNA modification-related genes (RMRGs) in the GSE34526 dataset were analyzed, and a Venn diagram was drawn. Thereafter, Gene Ontology, pathway enrichment (KEGG) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and immune infiltration analysis were performed. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network and mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-RBP, and mRNA-Transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks were constructed. The ROC curves and expression of hub genes were identified.
RESULTS: The expression of several RNA modification-related DEGs (RMRDEGs) (ALYREF, AGO2, TET2, YTHDF2, and TRMT61B) differed in PCOS patients. GSEA and GSVA revealed that RMRDEGs were enriched in the hedgehog, MAPK, JAK STAT, and Notch pathways. TFs, including SP7, KLF8, HCFC1, IRF1, and MLLT1, played key roles in TF regulatory networks. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest gene and miRNA profile alterations in PCOS patients, and confirm the existence of immune-related differences, which should unveil new directions for subsequent research into diagnosis and treatment.
Can Amblyopia of Any Severity be Treated Successfully Irrespective of a Patient’s Age?
Authors: Irfan Sameera , Aadil Nausherwan , Saqib Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Introduction: To find out whether full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia at any age?
Materials & methods: In a prospective interventional study, 1701 consecutive cases with poor vision were included irrespective of a patient’s age. After wearing refractive correction for 8-12 weeks and no further improvement in the BCVA, amblyopia therapy was started comprising of full-time patching of good eye along with active use of amblyopic eye by reading and writing 6 hours daily. Regular two weekly follow-ups were conducted.
The endpoint of therapy was achieving a BCVA equal to that of the good eye. A regular post-patching follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Statistical analysis comparing the visual acuity at the start and the end of therapy was performed by a paired t-test for each group.
Results: There were 896 males and 805 female cases. 1383 cases (81.3%) had previously failed amblyopia therapy. 49 cases (2.9%) dropped out of the study due to poor compliance to therapy or an incomplete follow-up. For a simplified analysis of results, the 1701 cases were divided into three age groups: Group A: age 4-7 years (473 cases), Group B: age 8-12 years (618 cases) and Group C: age 13-46 years (610 cases). The overall success in Group A and B cases was 98% and 96.9% in Group C cases.
Conclusion: Full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia of any severity and at any age. Age of a patient at presentation should not preclude therapy.
Registry Platform: The study was registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials
Trial Registration Number: NCT02113709