bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of visibility of mandibular anatomic landmarks using panoramic radiography
Authors: Serindere Gözde , Aktuna Belgin Ceren
Published: August 2019

Objective: Mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen and insisiv canal are so important anatomical structures for dental surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility of these important landmarks in different age groups and to compare the visibility in dentulous group with edentulous group on panoramic radiographs.

Methods: The panoramic radiographs of 500 patients (237 males; 263 females; mean age; 39.2) were evaluated for this study. The visibility of anatomical landmarks were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were noted. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by SPSS 21 package program. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 Results: Out of 500 radiographs, mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen and incisive canal was visible in 89.8%, 88%, 80.6% and 12.8%, respectively. 23 (4.6%) patients had total tooth loss. The visibility of the anatomical landmarks was observed in groups below 25 years old.

Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provide useful information on the visibility of anatomical landmarks. However, the use of 3D imaging methods before surgical procedures will give more accurate results.

 

How to cite this article: Serindere G, Aktuna Belgin C. The evaluation of visibility of mandibular anatomic landmarks using panoramic radiography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):69-77.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The use of micro-computed tomography in dental applications
Authors: Erpaçal Begüm , Adıgüzel Özkan , Cangül Suzan
Published: August 2019

Together with developments in digital imaging systems, there has been increasing use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) in many areas, primarily in dentistry. As this method allows 3-dimensional images to be taken providing safe and high quality results, without damaging the samples being examined, it is often preferred. Consequently, it has become possible to record rapid progression in endodontic studies in particular and to research and easily compare several techniques. Furthermore, this method can be used in tissue engineering, forming data for FEM analysis, the growth and development of craniofacial bones, imaging bone structure, and in the evaluation of implants and surrounding bone in root tip surgery, to determine mineral concentration in the teeth and to measure the thickness of enamel.

The aim of this review was to focus on the areas of use of μCT in dentistry and state the advantages.

Key Words: Micro-computed tomography, X-ray micro-CT, dental application, three-dimensional imaging

 

How to cite this article: Erpaçal B, Adıgüzel Ö, Cangül S. The use of micro-computed tomography in dental applications. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):78-91.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Fundamentação teórica na graduação de professores de Educação Física
Authors: Pereira Dimitri Wuo , Severino Antonio Joaquim
Published: August 2019

A Filosofia é um campo de conhecimento que estimula a reflexão, a crítica, o debate de ideias e o pensamento racional do ser humano para reconhecer suas atitudes e avaliar seus comportamentos. Na Educação Física brasileira ela ocupa pouco espaço na formação de professores, quer seja pela opinião de que cuida do corpo como uma entidade separada da mente, ou pelo destaque a uma formação mais voltada às Ciências Naturais. Este ensaio pretende colocar alguma luz neste problema analisando as teorias próprias da área que devem fazer parte da formação de professores e que por diversos motivos estão ausentes na graduação. As teorias estão divididas em quatro paradigmas cada qual com um conjunto de ideias. Essa diversidade de opções foi discutida a luz do pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin, apontando o distanciamento entre as correntes filosóficas e as aulas de Educação Física no ensino básico.
Educação pelo sensível: experiência literária em espaço não formal de educação
Authors: Pillotto Silvia Sell Duarte , Jensen Letícia Caroline da Silva , Da Silva Carla Clauber
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo reflete sobre algumas das relações entre educação e literatura pelo viés de experiências sensíveis com adolescentes/jovens em um espaço não formal de educação. Problematiza-se aqui a seguinte questão: como experiências sensíveis com a literatura podem contribuir para a ampliação de novos olhares para os adolescentes/jovens? O objetivo foi pensar a literatura como possibilidade de fruição nos processos de criação. A abordagem cartográfica e narrativa foi fundamentada pelos autores: Bock (2007), Dayrell (2003), Gohn (2007; 2015), Barthes (2006), Foucambert (1994), Larrosa (2001; 2015), Duarte Jr. (1988; 2010); Meira (2014), Passos, Kastrup e Escóssia (2015) e Martins, Tourinho e Souza (2017). Destacamos uma pista na pesquisa: a experiência sensível com textos literários permitiu que os adolescentes/jovens (res)significassem leitura e escrita como processos de criação/fruição.
Livros e leituras para os pequenos leitores: os livros literários e a proto-literatura
Authors: Vianna Bittens Cássia Maria Rita , Navas Diana
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer a diferenciação entre livros literários para primeiríssima e os livros proto-literários, a fim de ampliar as possibilidades de mediação de leitura com crianças pequenas. Para tanto, introduzimos o percurso do desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil auxiliadas pelas teorias da neurociência propostos pelo departamento de estudos da Criança da Universidade de Harvard e pelo modelo do aparelho de pensar propostos pelo pediatra e psicanalista Bernard Golse e Donald Winnicott. Em seguida, apresentamos modelos de mediação de leitura no Brasil e no exterior e, por fim, os critérios para seleção do livro endereçado preferencialmente à primeiríssima infância, bem como a importância do elemento lúdico no literário e no processo de formação do leitor, embasadas no conceito de Homo Ludens proposto por  Johan Huizinga.
Práticas educativas e curriculares na educação infantil: currículo posto e currículo praticado
Authors: Silva Fabrício Oliveira da , Almeida Lilian Maria de , Alves Tarcyo Miranda
Published: August 2019

O artigo trata das práticas educativas e curriculares de professores que atuam na Educação Infantil. Aborda e analisa as implicações das práticas educativas em consonância ao currículo desenvolvido na sala de aula, assim como as aproximações e distâncias dessa prática frente aos documentos oficiais nacionais e municipal.  O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as práticas educativas e curriculares desenvolvidas pelas professoras da Educação Infantil no que tange às ações do cotidiano da sala de aula. Elegeu-se como método a abordagem (auto)biográfica, por possibilitar a revelação dos sentidos que as professoras constroem quando narram e refletem sobre sua trajetória de vida, formação e atuação profissional. O trabalho permitiu perceber que muitas vivências da sala de aula estão fundamentadas no documento curricular da rede. Conclui-se que as práticas educativas precisam ser repensadas para acolher as inovações curriculares atuais, assim como repensar e (re)elaborar os planos de ensino e os planos de aula.
O letramento literário: a literatura escolarizada
Authors: Jardim Alyne De Souza , Sampaio Juliano Casimiro de Camargo , Galhardo Irma
Published: August 2019

Pretendemos responder à questão: Quais as prováveis implicações para as iniciativas com foco no letramento, se o aceitarmos enquanto práticas culturais, cotidianas, históricas e socialmente contextualizadas? Vinculamos o letramento às diversas esferas da vida social, considerando-se os aspectos regionais para seu desenvolvimento, na direção do Conhecimento Local, com fins de se construir um conhecimento emancipatório, almejado em algumas proposições dos Estudos Culturais, como em Boaventura de Souza Santos. A noção de letramento operada neste artigo é aquela que pode ser extraída das proposições da Base Nacional Comum Curricular em articulação com a noção de Letramento de Magda Soares e Rildo Cosson. Sobre a noção de letramento, trabalhamos, ainda, com a ideia de contextualização entre literatura e vivências do aluno, defendida por Lajolo, e do regionalismo, abordado por Ligia Chiappini. Resulta que a literatura vai além da fruição estética, possibilita a formação política, ideológica, cultural e a emancipação do ser humano.
A percepção dos professores da rede municipal de ensino sobre a violência nas escolas do município de Cáceres-MT
Authors: Medeiros Marcos Ferreira , Tiellet Maria do Horto Salles
Published: August 2019

Recorte de uma dissertação, neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção dos professores da rede municipal de ensino sobre a violência escolar e a relação desta com a violência urbana. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi descritiva de abordagem quali-quantitativa. As escolas pesquisadas foram selecionadas com base nos registros de homicídios no município de Cáceres/MT, do período de 2010 a 2017. Foram escolhidas quatro escolas localizadas em bairros com o maior número de homicídios, e a amostra foi constituída de quarenta e um sujeitos. As ações tipificadas pelos professores como sendo violência são, em sua maioria, comportamentos de indisciplina e incivilidade. Para os professores, a violência influencia o ambiente escolar, porém, consideram violência urbana aquela oriunda do contexto familiar, e não a relacionaram aos homicídios que ocorreram no bairro em que a escola está localizada.
Violência e educação: sensibilização por meio da cinematografia
Authors: Habowski Adilson Cristiano , Conte Elaine , Neto Raul Maia de Andrade Neves
Published: August 2019

Tecer uma compreensão hermenêutica acerca da violência e suas interfaces com a educação não é uma tarefa fácil. Para tanto, a investigação propõe debater a questão da violência, tendo por base as discussões criadoras de Theodor Adorno e as potencialidades da cinematografia, que apresenta a violência escolar em relação às diferenças e à diversidade cultural. Será que a verdadeira luta contra a violência exige sua validez tematizada e colocada sob condições epistêmicas para o reconhecimento intersubjetivo na sala de aula? Concluímos que a escola precisa apropriar-se do saber epistêmico para lutar contra a exclusão e reprimir as formas de violência escolar e barbáries cotidianas, estabelecendo diálogos voltados para a sensibilidade humana em suas interfaces pedagógicas. A obra cinematográfica oferece possibilidades para novos entendimentos que podem ser reconstruídos em diferentes contextos, bem como lança questões sensíveis que surgem como inquietações para aprender a pensar sobre as violências escolares.
Gêneros textuais, análise linguística e bullying: diálogos entre ensino de língua materna e cidadania
Authors: Oliveira Moreira Juliana Maria de , Sigiliano Natália Sathler
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho discute o ensino-aprendizagem das classes de palavras adjetivo e advérbio, de forma reflexiva e pautada nos gêneros textuais, perpassado pelo tema transversal do bullying. A partir das perspectivas sociointeracionista de linguagem (KOCH ELIAS, 2006), da análise linguística (GERALDI, 1984; MENDONÇA, 2006) e sob a metodologia da pesquisa-ação (THIOLENT, 1986; MORIN, 2004), relata e analisa resultados de intervenção realizada em aulas de língua portuguesa no 6º ano com o objetivo de explicitar a relação entre as classes de palavras e os gêneros argumentativos e impulsionar discussões e reflexões sobre a prática de bullying. Os resultados da análise de dados revelaram que os alunos ganharam proficiência quanto ao uso mais formal dos adjetivos e dos advérbios em prol da argumentação, compreenderam melhor as características dos gêneros textuais envolvidos e mostraram-se pesquisadores e críticos de suas próprias realidades com relação à realidade do bullying na escola e às formas de abordá-lo.
A escola como expressão da violência ou locus da cultura da paz?
Authors: Monteiro Michelle Popenga Geraim , Lima Tatiane Delurdes de , Asinelli-Luz Araci
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar a escola como microssistema de convivência e transformação, visto que a mesma tem sido considerada como espaço de expressão e manifestação da violência.  É resultado de um estudo qualitativo e tem como metodologia o estudo bibliográfico, decorrentes de pesquisas de abordagem teórica, relacionadas ao Mestrado em Educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná. No contexto social e educacional, em defesa de uma escola com base humanizadora, ampliamos o olhar para o âmbito da violência escolar, fazendo uma releitura à luz da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano (BRONFENBRENNER, 2011) e a educação transformadora de Paulo Freire (1987; 1996; 2000), aliadas à Cultura da Paz como forma de compreensão e prevenção do fenômeno das violências. Acreditamos que ao compreendermos a escola como espaço de interações aumentamos a chance concreta de uma realidade educativa melhor e de prevenção das violências.
A Escola como Entidade Promotora de Melhoria da Convivência, através da Mediação de Conflitos, no contexto das Ciências da Educação
Authors: Pinto da Costa Elisabete Guedes
Published: August 2019

Os temas sobre os quais versa este artigo contribuem para identificar como o conflito, a convivência e a mediação escolar são elementos de estudo no campo das Ciências da Educação e em que medida a Escola atual pode construir-se como um espaço (social, cultural, organizacional e simbólico) para colocar em prática estratégias de intervenção de melhoria do seu contexto social e educativo, através de projetos de mediação de conflitos. A estratégia argumentativa tecida ao longo do artigo apoiou-se numa metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como referência uma revisão de literatura das áreas em questão, que contribuiu para a construção e análise de categorias, conceitos e teorias que sustentam uma abordagem teórica da convivência escolar no nível meso da escola e no amplo alcance da mediação de conflitos.
Travestilidades no espaço socioeducativo: (des)patologização, monstruosidade, violência, abjeção e negação das identidades transgêneras
Authors: Silva Junior Jonas Alves da , Silva Maria de Lourdes , Silva Leandro
Published: August 2019

Este ensaio pretende tecer uma reflexão sobre as identidades trans no espaço socioeducativo. Tendo como base uma pesquisa empírica, realizada em uma unidade masculina de privação de liberdade do Departamento Geral de Ações Socioeducativas (DEGASE/RJ), e tendo como aporte teórico autores/as dos Estudos Culturais/pós-estruturalistas, busca-se compreender de que maneira pessoas travestis ou transexuais circulam em espaços cuja homo/transfobia é difundida ao grau máximo. Assim, a partir da metáfora do corpo monstro/abjeto, analisamos como a socioeducação opera no sentido de não desbaratar os engessamentos de gênero e os estereótipos de masculinidade vigentes entre os adolescentes acautelados. Como resultado deste trabalho, sinaliza-se que práticas discursivas referendadas pela cisheteronormatividade determinam ao sujeito uma única forma de construção da masculinidade, que são explícita e implicitamente impostas. A presença (ou pressuposição) de sujeitos não-cisheterossexuais em instituições de privação de liberdade impulsiona subjetividades normativas reproduzidas por práticas de intolerância, medo e violências.
Sobre escolas, unidades de polícia pacificadora (UPPs) e desigualdades de oportunidades educacionais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Segal Robert Lee
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os dados de uma pesquisa longitudinal qualitativa sobre desigualdades de oportunidades educacionais de estudantes moradores de “favelas”, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, na região da “Grande Tijuca”, tendo como foco a questão das matrículas nas turmas de ensino fundamental das escolas públicas municipais, considerando a limitação de mobilidade imposta pela origem residencial desses mesmos estudantes e o “ethos guerreiro” como reflexo da atuação de grupos de narcotraficantes, a partir das percepções dos funcionários naqueles estabelecimentos de ensino, em contexto de atuação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs), entre os anos de 2014 e 2019. Em relação às suas conclusões parciais, verifica-se que tais unidades policiais pouco ou nada modificaram o quadro de desigualdade de oportunidades educacionais, tendo em vista a persistência das chamadas “fronteiras invisíveis” entre as favelas e mesmo entre escolas públicas.
As tecnologias na educação: o papel da equipe gestora nas práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Silva Givanildo Da , Viana Maria Aparecida Pereira
Published: August 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o papel da equipe gestora no desenvolvimento e implementação nas práticas pedagógicas utilizando as TIC como recurso inovador na escola, tendo, ainda como objetivos específicos identificar o papel da equipe gestora na escola; apreciar a importância das tecnologias como recurso pedagógico na contemporaneidade e apresentar as possíveis ações da equipe gestora e dos demais segmentos da escola para implementação das TIC no cotidiano escolar. A questão norteadora do estudo foi: qual é o papel da equipe gestora como mediadora das práticas pedagógicas com uso das TIC na escola? A abordagem qualitativa foi a metodologia utilizada e como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma escola pública do município de Messias, Alagoas. Como resultados apontam-se: a) a formação dos professores e gestores necessita de incentivos para o uso das TIC; b) os profissionais participantes do estudo têm uma visão significativa sobre a prática pedagógica mediada pelas tecnologias; c) os gestores necessitam de maiores atitudes para a consolidação de estratégias pedagógicas com uso das TIC; d) é no âmbito da escola pública que a  formação continuada deve acontecer para que juntos, estabeleçam melhorias na ação educativa e, por fim, e) é necessário maiores investimentos do Estado em meio às políticas públicas educacionais para a consolidação de um ensino de boa qualidade.
Transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática sobre aspectos nutricionais e eixo intestino-cérebro
Authors: Cupertino Marli Do Carmo , Resende Michely Baptistele , Veloso Isabela De Freitas , Carvalho Camila Abreu de , Duarte Vitor Ferreira , Ramos Guilherme Alves
Published: August 2019

O número de indivíduos diagnosticados com o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) registrou aumento evidente na última década. Os principais sintomas, apresentados pelo portador, são neurológicos e digestórios, estando às intervenções nutricionais dentre as terapêuticas mais promissoras para amenizar a sintomatologia clínica. Assim, objetivou-se revisar sistematicamente os estudos sobre distúrbios alimentares e do trato gastrointestinal apresentado pelo indivíduo portador do TEA, a fim de compreender como o comportamento alimentar influência na etiopatogênese e manifestações clínicas da doença, com foco no eixo intestino-cérebro. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. A partir de uma busca estruturada e abrangente em bases de dados eletrônicas, 23 estudos foram recuperados e incluídos na revisão. Os critérios de inclusão definiam ser artigos originais relacionando o TEA com alterações nutricionais e/ou com o eixo intestino-cérebro. Após análise da composição da microbiota intestinal, os estudos mostraram um quadro de desequilíbrio. Foram encontradas, também, alterações na barreira de muco e permeabilidade intestinal e alterações em proteínas envolvidas na digestão e absorção de alimentos. Dietas restritivas e a modulação da microbiota, com uso de probióticos e de antibióticos específicos, são apresentadas como estratégias terapêuticas adjuvantes promissoras. Conclui-se que o eixo intestino-cérebro está envolvido tanto na etiologia, quanto nas manifestações clínicas do TEA. Porém, não sendo certo se alterações intestinais são causa ou consequência das alterações neurológicas. Até o presente momento, a comunidade científica não tem conclusões suficientes para indicar o uso de dietas restritivas, e uso de probióticos e de antibióticos como terapêutica para o TEA.
Influência do Apgar baixo na primeira triagem auditiva do neonato
Authors: Silva Daniela Polo Camargo da , Ribeiro Georgea Espindola , Montovani Jair Cortez
Published: August 2019

Introdução: Diversos são os indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. O índice de Apgar, quando menor que quatro no primeiro minuto e/ou menor que seis no quinto minuto de vida, é considerado um indicador de risco para surdez. Tais valores estão associados à ocorrência de asfixia, que é uma das causas mais comuns de lesão e morte celular e, desta forma, algum dano ao sistema auditivo pode ocorrer. Objetivo: Verificar a influência do indicador de risco para deficiência auditiva, Apgar baixo, na primeira avaliação auditiva do neonato. Métodos: Estudo clínico transversal, realizado em hospital público no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. Os neonatos realizaram a avaliação audiológica por meio do exame de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente (EOE-t). A relação entre Apgar baixo e “falha” nas EOE-t foi analisada por regressão logística simples. Resultados: Foram avaliados 6.301 neonatos, desses 15,82% (n=996) tinham indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e 6,57% (n=415) obtiveram Apgar baixo. Apresentaram falha no exame de EOE-t, uni ou bilateral, 6,5% (n=415) dos neonatos triados. Outros indicadores de risco aumentaram as chances de “falha” na EOE-t, porém o Apgar baixo, isoladamente, aumentou as chances de “falha” em neonatos com peso ao nascimento maior que 1.500 g (OR: 1,58; p=0,02) e sem hemorragia peri-intraventricular (OR: 1,56; p=0,01). Conclusão: O índice de Apgar baixo foi o principal causador de "falha” na primeira avaliação auditiva dentre os neonatos com peso maior de 1.500 g e sem hemorragia peri-intraventricular.
Using Science Fiction Films to Advance Critical Literacies for EFL Students in China
Authors: Liu Shuyuan
Published: August 2019

As a unique literary genre, science fiction can serve as a motivating text to develop students’ critical analytical skills and to promote critical thinking about new technology and its societal controversies under proper guidance. In the field of English as Foreign Language (EFL) learning, using science fiction films in the classroom affords EFL learners new language-learning experiences. This paper explains how films, as a multimodal resource in EFL classes, can enrich students’ multiliteracies—specifically how the science fiction genre can develop students’ critical literacies under careful meaning-making curriculum design. A preliminary study, taking 30 students in a foreign language high school in China, is reported in this paper. Findings reveal that carefully selected science fiction films such as I am Legend and Blade Runner can serve as pivotal sources for developing EFL learners’ literacy under the multiliteracies pedagogy. Such films can also connect students with Western ideology to reinforce their identity as participants in globalization. This study further suggests that key points in successful design of the course in an EFL classroom include posing critical questions to promote critical thinking and actively analyzing multimodal texts to uncover underlying meanings in source material.
Learners’ Perceptions of Monolingual Dictionaries in Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Taj Abbasi Wajahat , Mahmood Ahmad Mudassar , Elhussien Mohammed Faiza Abdalla
Published: August 2019

Dictionary is an acknowledged learning tool which has a tremendous role in acquiring a language. It has proved to be helpful in learning vocabulary and developing language proficiency. The use of monolingual dictionaries is thought to be very fruitful for learning vocabulary. The present study used survey method to gain the perception of the students about the use of monolingual dictionaries for learning EFL. The study also used interviews of EFL teachers to support the findings of the study by eliciting their perceptions about the use of dictionaries by students. A questionnaire was administered in two governmental secondary schools of Zulfi, Saudi Arabia. It was sent to 99 students but a number 92 students responded. Internal reliability of the questionnaire was.81. Descriptive statistical methods were used for analyzing the quantitative data. Additional interviews with 9 teachers were also conducted to support the findings of the questionnaire. Collective thematic analysis of all interviews was conducted to analyze the qualitative data. The results showed that students have positive views about the use of dictionaries for learning EFL; they prefer to use monolingual dictionaries, but they cannot truly use them because bilingual dictionaries are easier and more helpful for them in translation as well as their process of learning English language due to their low proficiency levels. The paper puts forth some recommendations and suggestions that will be helpful for using monolingual dictionaries. It concludes by focussing on the problems in handling monolingual dictionaries.
The Influence of Demographic Factors on Teachers’ Instructional Practices and Challenges in Including Students with Visual Impairment in Government Secondary Schools of Harari Region
Authors: Dea Paulos , Negassa Dawit
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of demographic factors on instructional practices and challenges teachers face in teaching students with visual impairments in the government secondary schools of Harari regional state. A quantitative method with a survey design was employed. The sample consisted of 100 (with 95% response rate) participants selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaire in the form of Likert scale. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that teachers’ level of qualification has implications to the instructional practices, namely their collaboration with other professionals, classroom supplies and equipment and teaching strategies. Teachers with training on inclusive or special needs education were found to use more specialized or individualized teaching strategies in the classroom for SVI than those who did not have training. Furthermore, years of teaching experience was found to influence teachers’ collaboration with other professionals. Teachers with bachelor’s degree and MA/MSc holders were found to face more challenges in adapting teaching strategies, materials and identifying the needs of SVI compared to teachers with diploma holders. The study concluded that the identified demographic factors were found to influence at least one of the teachers’ instructional practices in inclusion of SVI. The study concluded that teachers’ level of qualification has an influence on the challenges they face in teaching SVI in the government preparatory and secondary schools of Harari regional state.
The Impact Of World Bank And Other International Organizations On Higher Education System In Nigeria
Authors: Moses Oladele Ogunniran , Blessing Funmi Komolafe , Atinuke Ruth Ogundele
Published: August 2019

Education is an essential tool for human, economical, societal and technological development. When education is properly utilized and financed, learning outcomes with higher quality are achieved. Under-funding is the critical challenge facing the Nigerian higher education (NHE) system. There is considerable increase in the demand for NHE and government could no longer adequately finance it because of this increasing-demand. This paper attempts to assess the impact of international organization in NHE system. Among the key important international organizations operating in Nigerian Education (NE) are the World Bank, IMF, EU, UNICEF, UNESCO and many NGOs operating from both in and out of the country. The paper concludes by recommending that adequate consecration should be given to higher education since basic education and secondary level have so far benefitted more from the World Bank. It is also recommended that all other international organizations and other sectors should focus on impacting NHE if truly high quality education is desired for Nigerian university students.
Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response
Authors: Wilson Samuel J. , Donahue Paul T. , Williams Charles C. , M. Hill Christopher , Simpson Jeffrey D. , Waddell Dwight E. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Chander Harish , Wade Chip , Garner John C.
Published: August 2019

Background: Slips and falls account for high rates of injury and mortality in multiple populations. The corrective responses during the slip perturbation have been well documented. However, when a fall results from a slip, it is unclear which of these responses were inadequate. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity corrective responses of the slip recovery response between individuals who fall and those who recover. Methodology: Sixty-four participants completed this study (32 males & 32 females). Participant’s gait kinematics and kinetics were collected during normal gait (NG) and an unexpected slip (US). A prediction equation for slip outcome and slip severity were created using a binary logistic regression model. Results: Our findings show an increased time to peak hip extension (OR = 1.006, CI: 1.000-1.011) and ankle dorsiflexion (OR = 1.005, CI: 1.001-1.009) moments increased the odds of falling, while the average ankle moment was negatively associated with falling (OR = 0.001, CI: 0.001-0.005). Conclusions: Rapid lower extremity corrective responses appear critical in arresting the slip and preventing a fall. While there are various strategies for slip recovery, our findings suggest that the primary recovery mechanism at the slipping hip may play a vital role in preventing the fall.
Validating Response of AC Microgrid to Line-to-Line Short Circuit in Islanded Mode Using Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Aminu Maruf A.
Published: August 2019

This paper is presented in an attempt to validate the dynamic response of a microgrid to line-to-line short circuit. The microgrid components include two identical Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) tied to a 100MVA, 13.8kV utility via a Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The utility-microgrid testbed is modeled in SIMPOWERSystems® using two Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) in the microgrid side. While in islanded operating mode, line-to-line short circuit fault is applied at 6.0s and withdrawn at 8.0s, obtaining a 50.0s dynamic response of the system for different fault locations, under voltage and reactive power control regimes of the wind turbine controller. For measurement purpose, the absolute value of the stator complex voltage is transformed to  reference frame. Bidirectional power flow between the two feeders is established in the study. The study also confirms that the microgrid composed of DFIGs offer reactive power management capability, particularly by presenting superior performance when stressed under Q control regime than under V control regime. Finally, the response of the testbed to line-to-line short circuit has been validated and shown to be consistent with established short circuit theory.
Nori Preference Level based on the Condition of the Raw Material Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed
Authors: Ramasari Dinda Widu , Liviawaty Evi , Nurhayati Atikah , Pratama Rusky Intan , Afrianto Eddy
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the level of preference of panelists for Nori based on the condition of raw materials of dry and semi-dried Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed.

Study Design: The research was conducted experimentally.

Place and Duration of Study: Organoleptic tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Fisheries Product Processing Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. Physical tests and chemical tests conducted at the Laboratory of Research and Biological Resources and Biotechnology Research Institute at the Society (LPPM), IPB, between March 2019 and April 2019.

Methodology: The research was conducted experimentally consisted of 3 treatments with 20 semi-trained panelists as replication from Fisheries students of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, University of Padjadjaran who had experienced the organoleptic assessment. Hedonic tests were to determine the level of panelists preference for the products which included appearance, aroma, texture, and flavor, the results were statistically analyzed using Friedman Test and Bayes Test. Physical tests (thickness and hardness) and chemical tests (water content and crude fiber content) were carried out on the most preferred treatment product and analyzed descriptively.

Results: The organoleptic test results of Nori from Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed with dry raw material conditions had the highest average value on each characteristic compared to other treatments, appearance of 7.70, aroma of 7.00, texture of 7.50, and flavor of 7.90. The Bayes test results on the treatment of Nori from Kappaphycus alvarezii (formerly Eucheuma cottonii) seaweed with dry raw materials conditions having the highest alternative which was 8.54 with the most influential taste criteria for the assessment. The thickness of the Nori was 0.108 mm, the hardness was 1916.16 gf, water content of Nori was 17.23% and crude fiber content was 10.10%.

Conclusion: The treatment of Nori with raw materials of dry conditions was the most preferred by panelists.
Comparative Effects of Cow Dung and Poultry Manure on the Germination and Growth of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) William Roscoe Production
Authors: Owoloja O. A. , Oyewo I. O.
Published: August 2019

The study is based on determining the effects of organic manure (cow dung and poultry manure) on the growth & germination of Zingiber officinale using topsoil in the research as the medium of growth. The seeds were subjected to 7 treatments which include cow dung and poultry manures and topsoil only as control treatment. The seeds were sown directly into the polythene pots thoroughly mixed with the organic manures at different levels of application which includes 2.5 g, 5.0 g and 10.0 g with 3 replicates making a total of 21 poly pots. The germination was thoroughly observed for 3 weeks after planting. The experiment was laid in a completely Randomized design with 3 replicates.

The parameters assessed were the plant height, the number of leaves and stem girth. The data collected were subjected to ANOVA.

The Results of the study showed that treatment T1 with cow dung at 2.5 g had the highest plant height of (49.65 cm), stem diameter of (0.458 m) and Number of leaves (12.27) followed by T5 (5.0g of poultry Manure) with plant height of (45.40 cm) stem diameter (0.435 cm) and number of leaves (12.73). Treatment 7 which is the control treatment had the Least Leaf Number of (24), height of (28.97) and stem diameter of (0.257).

Therefore from all the treatments used, cow dung at 2.5 g and poultry manure at 5.0 g are advisable for Raising Zingiber officinale.
Manipulation of Chemical Properties in Soil under Wetland Rice through Industrial Effluents
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Rahman Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur , Saleque Md. Abu
Published: August 2019

A laboratory experiment was conducted in Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2010-11 aimed to determine the effects of different industrial effluents on some soil chemical properties under long-term industrial wastewater irrigated rice field. Effluents irrigation created some differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The pH in all soil depth was higher with wastewater irrigated rice field. Irrigation with wastewater increased in all the effluents irrigated rice fields; the electrical conductivity (EC) was remarkable higher with  all soil depth than the control field. In all the rice fields soil (Control + effluents irrigated fields), the organic carbon content (%) started to decrease sharply with the increase in soil depth. Organic carbon content was slightly higher with wastewater irrigated rice soils. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), trace elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were increased through irrigation with wastewater in rice–rice cropping pattern.
Economics of Different Intercropping Systems of Maize under Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Different Fertilizer Levels
Authors: Ananthi T. , Amanullah M. Mohamed , Vennila C.
Published: August 2019

A field experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the economics of different intercropping systems of maize under mycorrhizal inoculation and different fertilizer levels at Eastern Block Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the winter season in 2011 and 2012. The experiments were laid out in split-split plot design with three factors. In main plots viz., intercropping systems [sole maize (I1), maize+cowpea (I2), maize+greengram (I3)]. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no mycorrhizal inoculation (control) (M-) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M+) were included under sub plot. Three fertilizer levels viz., 75% RDF (F1), 100% RDF (F2), and 125% RDF (F3) under sub-sub plot. Data regarding net field benefit, benefit cost ratio, dominance analysis, and marginal rate of return were collected. The experimental results showed that maximum Net Field Benefits of Rs. 1,25,990 during 2011 and Rs. 1,14, 215 during 2012 were recorded in maize +cowpea intercropping system along with mycorrhizal inoculation and 100% RDF (I2F2M+), respectively. While the maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.45 and 2.74 was found in maize +cowpea intercropping system along with 100% RDF and with mycorrhizal inoculation (I2F2M+) during the year 2011 and 2012, respectively. Dominance analysis of maize intercropped with green gram along with mycorrhizal inoculation and different fertilizer levels at 75% RDF, 100%RDF and 125% RDF, respectively were dominated dominated due to their lower net field benefits as compared to other treatments, while maximum marginal rate of return (8911%) was obtained by sole maize without mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer level of 75% RDF (I1F1M+) during 2011. In 2012, maize intercropped with greengram without mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer level at the rate of 100% RDF recorded maximum marginal rate of returns (6167%) than other treatments.
Prevalence of Insulin Resistance among Cigarette Smokers in Sokoto Metropolis
Authors: Kakako Saheed Ladipo , Oduola Taofeeq , Dallatu Muhammad Kabiru , Bako Hauwa , Ugwuoke Chidi , Ali Ali Isah
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-known risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, various forms of cancer as well as insulin resistance (IR). IR is considered as an underlying derangement which very commonly aggravates metabolic syndrome.

Aim: This study assessed the prevalence of IR in cigarette smokers in Sokoto metropolis using selected surrogate markers.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Sokoto among 108 subjects.  Fasting venous blood samples were collected for plasma glucose, triglycerides and insulin estimation. Plasma glucose and serum triglycerides were analysed using enzymatic methods while insulin was assayed using ELISA method. Homeostasis model of assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), Mc Auley (McA) and fasting IR index (FIRI) were calculated using standard formula and IR cut-off of >2.5, <0.339, >5.8 and >2.3 respectively were used.

Results: Based on the cut off mark, the prevalence of IR for HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McA, FIRI indices were 62(57.4%), 66(61.1%), 39(36.1%) and 60(55.6%) respectively. There was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR and FIRI (p< 0.05, r = 0.999). HOMA-IR also had a significant correlation with McA (p<0.05 r = -0.506). QUICKI had a significant correlation with McA (p<0.05 and r = 0.243).

Conclusion: This study established a significantly high prevalence of IR among CS. Importantly, it can be concluded that cigarette smokers may be predisposed to the development of metabolic disease.
Changes in Renal Parameters Associated with Typhoid Infection
Authors: Ozougwu J. C. , Alozie K. C. , Imakwu C. A. , Eziuzor S. C. , Akwari D. K.
Published: August 2019

Background: Typhoid is a vital health hazard globally but its incidence is greater in developing compared to developed countries owing to low sanitation, poor hygiene practices, unsafe food and drinking water.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the changes in renal parameters associated with male and female Typhoid patients.

Materials and Methods: A hundred and twenty male and hundred and twenty female Typhoid patients were divided into four groups made up of sixty Typhoid positive male, sixty Typhoid negative male, sixty Typhoid positive female and sixty Typhoid negative females. The renal parameters were evaluated using Spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20 statistical software.

Results: The result of renal changes associated with male and female Typhoid fever patient showed insignificant increase (p < 0.05) in Total serum Protein and significant increase (p < 0.05) in Creatinine level of both male and female patient compared to their control. It showed insignificant increase (p < 0.05) in potassium ion and sodium ion of the Typhoid positive male patient, significant decrease in sodium ion and insignificant decrease in potassium ion of the Typhoid positive female compare to their controls. Similarly, the result of the Typhoid positive male patients showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in Chloride ion and insignificant decrease (p < 0.05) in Chloride ion of Typhoid positive female compare to their control. Furthermore, it showed insignificant decrease (p < 0.05) in Urea level of the Typhoid positive males and insignificant increase (p < 0.05) in Urea level of the Typhoid positive females.

Conclusions: Renal parameters as a tool for examining cases of early typhoid infections may aid in detecting early complications related to typhoid fever so as to aid in patients care and avert death that may come from such complication.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases among Primary School-going Children in Rarieda, Siaya County-Kenya
Authors: Onyango Arwa Stephen , Dominic Mogere , David Musoke
Published: August 2019

Soil Transmitted Helminthiases (STH) are a group of chronic infections, typically very common or endemic in low income countries and are classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) laid down control strategies and goal to eradicate these infections by the year 2020, these infections continue to dominate in Sub-Saharan countries; this problem necessitated the need for this study. The primary objective of this study was to assess prevalence of, and risk factors of STH among primary school children in Rarieda, a sub-county in Siaya County of Kenya. The study contributed to the overall theme of “Research for Better Health in East African Region”. The study population comprised of primary school children, aged between seven and fifteen years. A total sample size of 300 pupils was randomly sampled from five primary schools across Rarieda. Data were collected between September and October 2018 and cross sectional study design was used. Ethical approvals were obtained from all the relevant authorities and pre-testing was done at Ruma primary school. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, Key Performance Indicators (KII) and Focused Group Discussions (FGD). The study established that there was high prevalence of STH among the primary school children in Rarieda, with prevalence rate of 27.3 percent. The prevalence rate varied with socio-demographic characteristics of the pupils. Knowledge level of the pupils on STH was 38.9, and the pupils were 45.9 percent at risk of STH with a great variance noted between health practices at schools verses at homes. Integrated STH control approach, which would incorporate regular deworming, health education and promotion, hygiene and sanitation, and appropriate health policies formulation and implementations, was therefore seen to be very necessary in controlling and prevention of STH in Rarieda.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Autoencoder Model in Unbalanced Datasets
Authors: Al-Shabi M. A.
Published: August 2019

Fraudulent credit card transaction is still one of problems that face the companies and banks sectors; it causes them to lose billions of dollars every year. The design of efficient algorithm is one of the most important challenges in this area. This paper aims to propose an efficient approach that automatic detects fraud credit card related to insurance companies using deep learning algorithm called Autoencoders. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved in identifying fraud in actual data from transactions made by credit cards in September 2013 by European cardholders. In addition, a solution for data unbalancing is provided in this paper, which affects most current algorithms. The suggested solution relies on training for the autoencoder for the reconstruction normal data. Anomalies are detected by defining a reconstruction error threshold and considering the cases with a superior threshold as anomalies. The algorithm's performance was able to detected fraudulent transactions between 64% at the threshold = 5, 79% at the threshold = 3 and 91% at threshold= 0.7, it is better in performance compare with logistic regression 57% in unbalanced dataset.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex People Residing on Blue Diamond Society of Dhumbarahi, Kathmandu, Nepal: A Social Life Perspective
Authors: Subedi Suraksha , Dahal Maginsh , Baral Kushalata , Baral Bimal , Rai Sanjita
Published: August 2019

Background: Sex refers to biological and physical characteristics that are linked with labeled male or female. Transgender refers to a person whose sense of personal identity and gender does not correspond with their birth sex.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the social life of LGBTI living at blue diamond society.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted among 188 respondents living at Blue diamond society Dhumbarahi, Kathmandu. Non-probability, purposive sampling technique and structured interview were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16 and percentage was calculated and presented in tables.

Results: Among 188 respondents, 28.2% were transgender male, 28.7% were transgender female, 22.9%were gay and 20.2% were lesbian, all (100%) of the respondents have difficulty walking outside the society, all(100%) of the respondent have difficult to adjust beside their own society and all(100%) of the respondents do not have job opportunity in the society.

Conclusion: The above results concluded that further studies on various topics related to LGBTI are needed to conduct for improvement of social life of LGBTI.