bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rite chez Erving Goffman
Authors: Degand Martin
Published: September 2018

Dans le cadre de cet article, nous proposons une brève synthèse sur la notion de rite chez E. Goffman. Celle-ci repose notamment sur une approche diachronique fondée sur les deux ouvrages que sont Les rites d’interaction et Les relations en public. Dans une telle optique, nous présentons d’abord certains aspects du rite chez E. Goffman. Nous envisageons ensuite l’évolution de la notion et l’influence de l’éthologie sur celle-ci et clôturons notre parcours par une mise en perspective du concept à l’aide des théories durkheimiennes.
De la recherche empirique à l’analyse sociologique
Authors: Ballatore Magali
Published: September 2018

Les individus, comme les chercheurs eux-mêmes, évoluent simultanément dans tous les registres de l’action et de la pratique. Cet article est une contribution à la réflexion sur les fondements d’un raisonnement sociologique en perpétuel changement. Il ouvre des pistes pour tenter de répondre aux questions posées par Claude Dubar en 2006 « Quelles relations entre les « positions et prises de position » sociales et idéologiques, le statut d’emploi et le type de sociologie pratiquée ?  Il est également une incitation à sortir de la tendance au classement des objets dans des cases paradigmatiques étanches, à s’intéresser collectivement à nos propres parcours et pratiques professionnelles, à ce qui définit l’activité de connaissance et les procédures concrètes qui la réalisent. Il veut aussi rappeler, comme bien d’autres l’on fait antérieurement, que par delà ses clivages, les conflits et les discontinuités dans les carrières des enseignants-chercheurs, la sociologie s’organise bien selon « un maillage cognitif », une toile, « des lignes de force », qui en font une discipline scientifique à part entière (Berthelot, 1990).
La musique dionysienne d’Emir Kusturica
Authors: Saule Peggy
Published: September 2018

Au cinéma, la musique est traditionnellement utilisée pour créer de l’émotion chez le spectateur. Son statut dans les films d’Emir Kusturica va au-delà de l’utilisation illustrative de l’image : joyeuse, festive et entêtante, la musique devient quasiment un personnage principal. Le cinéaste serbe confère à la musique une véritable finalité éthique et sociale : non seulement elle participe d’une volonté dionysienne de libération de l’âme mais elle a, par ailleurs, un impact sur la compréhension de l’homme social. De fait, la musique dionysienne permet de rompre les clivages culturels et sociaux et entrevoit l’individu comme un être multi-social. À partir de l’analyse du long-métrage Super 8 Stories, datant de 2001, nous examinerons comment Kusturica réhabilite la musique en tant que principe créateur au cinéma.
Travail et socialisation économique des jeunes téléconseillers au Maroc
Authors: Sadik Youssef
Published: September 2018

Cet article se propose de décrire et d’analyser le rapport que les jeunes téléconseillers marocains ont au travail, notamment du point de vue des représentations qui y sont associées et de leurs répercussions économiques et sociales sur leur vie quotidienne. Quelles sont les aspirations et les stéréotypes qui circulent autour de ce métier ? Quelles attitudes ont les téléconseillers à l’égard de leurs conditions de travail ? Quelles représentations se font-ils de leur rapport à l’argent et à la famille ? Et quels sont les compromis et les négociations qu’ils engagent afin de s’assurer une autonomie professionnelle, financière et sociale ? Notre hypothèse consiste à dire que les jeunes travailleurs des centres d’appels sont en quête d’un statut social leur permettant d’échapper aux griffes du chômage chronique qui guette la majeure partie de la jeunesse marocaine tout en (re)négociant leur rapport à l’autorité parentale.
Concepções de corpo nos Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantil (MEC–2009)
Authors: Richter Ana Cristina , Santos Cristina Silveira , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho busca descrever e analisar concepções de corpo presentes no documento Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantil, publicado pelo MEC em 2009, que busca um distanciamento das práticas assistencialistas e compensatórias que demarcam as práticas neste nível da educação básica. Procura observar se este distanciamento aparece (ou não), fundado em novas concepções de corpo que, por sua vez, produziriam outros modos de relação, técnicas e cuidados a ele destinados. Os resultados apontam para: a) a permanência de concepções e práticas orientadas para o corpo-organismo e apoiadas em uma de ideia de cuidado e de autonomia típicas de paradigma biomédico, apesar de o documento afirmar o contrário; b) a inserção, ainda que mínima, de concepções vinculadas ao corpo como construção social, com críticas à violência, preconceitos, padrões estéticos estereotipados e à indiferença à dor e ao sofrimento.
O życiu ekscentrycznego pojęcia. Postminimalizm Roberta Pincusa-Wittena
Authors: Delikta Wojciech
Published: September 2018

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Danzig am Mittelmeer. Die Bronzeskulptur des Neptunbrunnens – Ikonographie, Bilderfindung und Bedeutung
Authors: Boesten-Stengel Albert
Published: September 2018

The bronze statue of Neptune (around 1615–20) in the Long Market (DługiTarg) in Gdańsk unifies two opposed antique prototypes, a contrapposto figure which shows the god Neptune peacefully resting, and a dynamic figureapplying the trident, his weapon, in combat. The new combination representsmimetically the changeable nature of the god’ s liquid sphere, the sea.In its artistic invention the statue manifests such an exact knowledge andfamiliarity with the study of antiquity and the artistic methods from MichelangeloBuonarroti until to Giambologna (Jean Boulogne, 1529– 1608), thatwe have to look for the artist among those trained in sixteenth Century Florence.Among the works of the Dutch Hubert Gerhard (1550– 1620), traineduntil to 1581 in Florence in the circle of Giambologna and later active inAugsburg and Munich as a leading Northern Mannerist artist, the ArchangelVanquishing Lucifer (1588) at the facade of St Michael’s Church (M unich)comes most close to the movement expressed in the Gdańsk Ne ptune.
Wo manchmal die Gebeine bleichen
Authors: Żuchowski Tadeusz
Published: September 2018

The status of cemeteries in European culture is unique. Tombs with inscriptionsinforming about the names of the buried are peculiar examples of historical documentswhich persuasively illustrate the history of a given region by revealing thetruth about the nationality, religious beliefs, and social status of the buried. Thus,cemeteries become unique reservoirs of memory, sometimes turning into objects ofideologically biased interest and even destruction. That was the case of the Protestantcemeteries in Poland which suffered as a result of historical ideologization affectingthe regions formerly populated by Germans. A metaphorical account of thatprocess can be found in The Call of the Toad, a novel by Günter Grass.However, the problem is much more complicated. Since the 19th century changesin urban planning of European cities resulted in transforming cemeteries into parks.Various developments of this kind can be observed in Poznań, where till 1939 cemeterieswere connected to particular confessions, and, with an exception of the garrisoncemetery, there were no burying grounds open to all. The cemeteries which belongedto parishes and communities were taken over by the city and gradually transformedinto parks, except the historic ones (the Roman Catholic cemetery on Wzgórze Św.Wojciecha, the Protestant Holy Cross cemetery on Ogrodowa St., and the Jewishcemetery on Głogowska St.). Such changes required a proper waiting period from themoment of the burying ground’s closing to its final disappearance. Fifty years afterthe last burial a cemetery could be officially taken over by the city. Transformationswhich began at the beginning of the 20th century were continued in the 1930s, to becompleted in the 1950s.Under the Nazi occupation, the decrees of the administrator of the Warthegaumade it possible for the city to take over the confessional cemeteries (Roman Catholic,Jewish, and Protestant). Those regulations remained valid after World War II. TheCity Council took over Protestant and Jewish cemeteries, and removed some RomanCatholic ones. Some of them have been transformed into parks. Consequently, all theProtestant and Jewish cemeteries, and some Roman Catholic ones, disappeared fromthe city map in 1945–1973. Most of them have been changed into parks and squares.The Protestant cemeteries were considered German and the parks located on suchareas received significant names, e.g., Victory Park, Partisans’ Park, etc. Cemeterieswere often being closed in a hurry and until today on some construction sites contractorscan find human bones.
Urban Narratives in the Age of Revolutions: Early 20th century Ideas to Modernize Warsaw
Authors: Arciszewska Barbara , Górzyński Makary
Published: September 2018

In January 1906, in the turbulent period of 1905–1907, the poet, artist, and socialactivist Antoni Lange published in the Warsaw weekly Świat an essay called“Marzenia warszawskie” (“The Warsaw Dreams”). A several page text, illustratedwith woodcuts by the painter Andrzej Zarzycki, included a spectacular vision of metropolitanWarsaw of the future: a capital city with many public buildings and moderninfrastructure, a genuine center of Polish national and cultural life. The present essayanalyzes unexamined ideas of Lange in terms of the history of architecture, andin a double political and social context. “The Warsaw Dreams” was deeply rooted inthe political reality of the former Kingdom of Poland, addressing the issue of liberalizationof the Russian rule during the 1905 revolution. Using the vocabulary of urbanplanning and making a list of changes in the city’s architecture, Lange articulateda vision of the future space of Warsaw as a Polish metropolis of modernity, administeredindependently of Russia. In his essays he proposed to extend the city limits andremove its fortifications as well as introduce local government with significant prerogativesas an instrument of Warsaw’s great transformation – its aestheticization and construction of public buildings, such as national government edifices, schools,and cultural centers. The authors argue that by describing public architecture of thefuture Warsaw as a “dream” full of copies of well-known European architectural monumentsfrom Venice, Prague, and Cracow, Lange created a comprehensive politicalproject of autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian empire. “The WarsawDreams” originally combined together architecture and politics, urban space and theproblems of Polish modernization, and the discourses of nationalism and socialism.Lange’s visionary proposal from 1906 is of the most imaginative responses to thechallenges of the development of Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century in the contextof Polish political and social problems of those times.
Yue Zhu, Wing Au, Greg Yates, University Students’ Self-control and Self-regulated Learning in a Blended Course (Samokontrola oraz automotywacja studentów uczących się z wykorzystaniem metod blended learning), „The Internet and Higher Education” 2016, vol. 30
Authors: Kotowska-Lewińska Monika
Published: September 2018

Yue Zhu, Wing Au, Greg Yates, University Students’ Self-control and Self-regulated Learning in a Blended Course (Samokontrola oraz automotywacja studentów uczących się z wykorzystaniem metod blended learning), „The Internet and Higher Education” 2016, vol. 30
Obywatelska inicjatywa uchwałodawcza jako element partycypacji obywatelskiej w kontekście kondycji polskiej samorządności lokalnej na poziomie gmin
Authors: Brodziak Łukasz
Published: September 2018

The article aims to show the interdisciplinary character of citizens initiative. In the introductory part a deﬁ nition of citizens initiative is given. The subsequent parts of the article prove its multi-aspect character. First, a citizen is deﬁ ned as a subject authorised by law as well as the society to initiate local laws. Next a sociological and legal analysis of the mechanisms of citizens participation at the gmina (county) level is made. Participation is seen as a practical expression of the subjectivity of a citizen. The following are then analysed: social consultations, participatory budget, local referendum and a local budget which is also regarded as a form of participation. The next part describes citizens legislative initiative as a form of participation. It shows its position, reasons for its emergence and its consequences at the local level. After that there is an attempt to present in a model way the extent to which local communities have developed in Poland. It pinpoints the current problems and shows how they can be solved. In the next part mechanisms of local bodies are presented. Problems related to, among other things, local elections turnout, reducing supervision and control function, and the formation of local interest groups exercising continuous and concealed pressure on local bodies, thus inﬂ uencing local laws. The conclusion of the article is that the condition of Polish democracy at a local level is not an easy research topic and the gminas have failed to develop communities of inhabitants that would pursue common interests. Individual citizens alienate themselves and care of own interests only, and this has an impact on local bodies and local law as well.
W kwestii wyższego stopnia naukowego doktora w Polsce Ludowej
Authors: Wojtczak Krystyna
Published: September 2018

A higher academic degree that could be earned in the Polish People’s Republic was that of a doctor of a given branch of science (until 1951) or a doctor of science (1951–1958). These degrees were conferred pursuant to diff erent legislative acts of varying importance including an act of parliament, a decree, an order, a regulation or a statute, all of them governing the regime and the functioning of schools of higher education and other establishments of tertiary education. While the legal provisions applicable to the conferral of academic degrees were relatively stable in the intitial postwar years (and were subject to the same law binding in 1924–1952 with only minor amendments), the law adopted in 1951 introduced more revolutionary changes. Based on the Soviet model, they virtually broke with the Polish tradition of higher academic degrees.During the analysed period, alongside the reforms in the conferral of degrees, also the requirements and conditions for candidates for a higher academic degree were changing. Likewise, organs participating in the process, operating within the organisational structures of the establishments as well as those outside their structures, were a subject to change. Hence an attempt in this article to answer the following questions: (1) for whom was the right to register candidates for a doctor’s degree reserved, (2) what was the level of participation of the central organs in the process, and what was the level of involvement of the establishments of higher education and other scientifi c institutions (as of 1951), (3) who could apply for registration and what were the regulations governing the whole process, and whether (4) the communist regulations governing the process of the conferral of academic degrees actually added to their importance and the academic advancement or rather acted to the contrary.An important element in the analysis was identifi cation of the legally formulated and applied requirements which doctoral dissertations had to meet, as well as examination of the grades or evaluations given by reviewers of doctoral dissertations in years 1945–1951 and 1952- 1958.
Mniejszości narodowe w Polsce – zarys historyczno-prawny
Authors: Kundera Weronika
Published: September 2018

Poland has a centuries long tradition of being a tolerant country, manifested as well by the symbolic offi cial name: Poland of Both Nations (1569–1795). Poles, Lithuanians and numerous national minorities lived side by side in the territory of the Polish Republic and today their descendants are Polish citizens. During the time of partitions Poles maintained strong national community feelings, which subsequently helped in the building of the Second Polish Republic. The reborn Poland was again a multi-national state, however, certain nationalistic feelings started to emerge. After World War II as a result of the extermination of minorities and mass resettlements, the historical multinational character disappeared and the minimal set of rights granted to minorities in the Constitution of 1952 had led to their ethnic exclusion. After March 1968, the rights of minorities had become drastically limited. This continued till the Third Republic of Poland when the policy of the Communist authorities promoting the building of Poland for the Poles had been abandoned and the new government pursued to preserve and protect national and ethnic minorities. Today, members of minorities have the same rights as ethnic Poles, and their rights are guaranteed in the Constitution of 1997 and other legislative acts including the most important one, i.e. the Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and the Regional Language of 2015, which deﬁ nes national and ethnic minorities and determines the competences of the State bodies in the area of enforcing minorities rights. These solutions have secured Poland an opinion of a model state when it comes to the protection of minorities rights. There are nine national minorities ofﬁ cially recognised in Poland. Each has a diff erent situation resulting from historical conditions, circumstances, national stereotypes, relationship with the States of their origin and the position of the Polish minority in this State. Two main problems which minorities in Poland are facing today is their shrinking populations and threats to their culture from the Polish and global cultures. Immigration might be a possible remedy but low economic attractiveness of Poland fails to attract new immigrants which means that in the future Poland may practically become a one-nation state.
Joan M. Bondareff, Maggie Carey, Carleen Lyden-Kluss, Plastics in the Ocean: The Environmental Plague of Our Time (Tworzywa sztuczne w oceanie: zagrożenie środowiska w naszych czasach), „Roger Williams University Law Review” 2017, vol. 22, iss. 2, s. 360–383, ISSN 1090-3968.
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: September 2018

Joan M. Bondareff, Maggie Carey, Carleen Lyden-Kluss, Plastics in the Ocean: The Environmental Plague of Our Time (Tworzywa sztuczne w oceanie: zagrożenie środowiska w naszych czasach), „Roger Williams University Law Review” 2017, vol. 22, iss. 2, s. 360–383, ISSN 1090-3968.
Zakaz missellingu jako przykład zastosowania behawioralnej koncepcji prawa?
Authors: Nieborak Tomasz
Published: September 2018

This article concerns the institution of misselling introduced recently to the Polish legal system. Misselling has been commonly deﬁ ned as dishonest sale. Currently, the solution adopted by the Polish legislator applies only to ﬁ nancial services provided by ﬁ nancial institutions to consumers. This regulation is not extensive but it has already stirred a lively debate among the representatives of legal practice and doctrine. This article is a voice in the discussion and its purpose is to identify the public law aspect of the solutions adopted and propose certain actions to be taken at the level of the regulated and the regulating entities and which would account among other things for the new, behavioural way of perceiving a consumer as an informed subject even if not always rational. The need for the evolution of the paradigm of a rational consumer, which is a challenge for the contemporary legislator, has been dictated by the experience gained so far as well as by the changing reality. The market today off ers a range of new ﬁ nancial instruments which while being innovative very frequently carry extreme risk. The intensive and sometimes intrusive advertising of these instruments off ered to ”rational consumers” uses diff erent persuasive marketing techniques and may in eff ect result in a potential loss of stability and security of the ﬁ nancial market. Therefore while implementing the stabilisation narrative promoted within the European Union, legislative bodies in Member States adopt solutions like misselling which are intended to reduce at least partly the risk of another crisis in the ﬁ nancial sector. Its sources go back to the conception of homo oeconomicus, that is a rational consumer who based on the information provided is capable of making a rational decision that is best for him. However, as experience and history show, this attitude is too idealistic and needs being redeﬁ ned. Developing an optimal conception of an informed consumer requires an interdisciplinary approach which apart from the legal and economic elements will take into account the experiences of other branches of science, such as sociology or psychology as well.
Środowisko prawników wobec sytuacji Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Badania socjologiczno-prawne
Authors: Stępniak Kamil
Published: September 2018

The recent legal changes pertaining to the institution of the Constitutional Tribunal arouse many controversies. This paper presents a sociological and legal study conducted to collect and examine the opinions regarding the above held by Polish lawyers who because of their profession and experience are in a position to confront directly the legal practice with the changing legal system that is directly responsible for the level of protection of individual rights and the exercise of individual fundamental rights. From the point of view of rationality and functionality of the operations of the Constitutional Tribunal an opinion formulated by jurists who due to their background have greater legal awareness seemed invaluable. After all it will be their opinion which will decide about the future of the judiciary in Poland. The results of the current transformations being implemented in constitutional judiciary as well as at the level of common courts have consequences for all the citizens. The aim of the questions asked in the survey was to ﬁ nd how lawyers in Poland saw the situation with the Constitutional Tribunal today as well as what the though it its regime and functioning could be like in the future. Questions also concerned the current and actual legal status of the Tribunal and the lawyers’ reactions to the changes being implemented or about to me made, and if possible the possible ways of ending the current Constitutional Tribunal crisis.
Sprawozdanie z Konferencji Naukowej „Panorama prawnych aspektów wielokulturowości społeczeństwa”, Poznań, 20–21 kwietnia 2017 r. (opr. Agnieszka Narożniak)
Authors: Narożniak Agnieszka
Published: September 2018

Sprawozdanie z Konferencji Naukowej „Panorama prawnych aspektów wielokulturowości społeczeństwa”, Poznań, 20–21 kwietnia 2017 r. (opr. Agnieszka Narożniak)
Stypendium rektora dla najlepszych studentów w sytuacji kontynuowania nauki po ukończeniu studiów pierwszego stopnia. Próba wykładni zagadnień spornych
Authors: Kruczek Jakub , Kłopocki Kamil
Published: September 2018

Stypendium rektora dla najlepszych studentów w sytuacji kontynuowania nauki po ukończeniu studiów pierwszego stopnia. Próba wykładni zagadnień spornych
Uwagi na tle wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Poznaniu z dnia 4 listopada 2016 r. (sygn. IV SA/Po 495/16)
Authors: Trela Anna , Grzymisławska-Cybulska Maria
Published: September 2018

Uwagi na tle wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Poznaniu z dnia 4 listopada 2016 r. (sygn. IV SA/Po 495/16)
Rosemary Byrne, The Protection Paradox: Why Hasn’t the Arrival of New Media Transformed Refugee Status Determination? (Paradoks ochrony: Dlaczego wraz z pojawieniem się nowoczesnych mediów nie uległ zmianie status uchodźcy?), „International Journal of Refugee Law” 2015, vol. 27, iss. 4 (opr. Lucyna Staniszewska)
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: September 2018

Rosemary Byrne, The Protection Paradox: Why Hasn’t the Arrival of New Media Transformed Refugee Status Determination? (Paradoks ochrony: Dlaczego wraz z pojawieniem się nowoczesnych mediów nie uległ zmianie status uchodźcy?), „International Journal of Refugee Law” 2015, vol. 27, iss. 4 (opr. Lucyna Staniszewska)
Istota i znaczenie (funkcje) zasad postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego
Authors: Wiktorowska Aleksandra
Published: September 2018

There are two main platforms on which the role and importance of the principles of procedural law can be observed. One concerns the basic functions played by these principles, i.e. the function that orders the process, the function that shapes the process model, the interpretative function and the cognitive function. The other platform concerns the reference sphere i.e. a sphere to which these principles are or may be of importance owing to the functions they have. Thus it comprises the sphere of making and enforcing law and its criticism, the law teaching and researching sphere, the practical sphere, the political-ideological sphere and last but not least the sphere of codiﬁ ed and non-codiﬁ ed law. This division however is not absolute. There exists, for example, convergence between the sphere of law enforcement and law practice as well as between the sphere of law criticism and law teaching or researching. A similar convergence may be observed between the law making and the political-ideological spheres. The two platforms cross over and create meeting points in which individual functions of principles in relevant reference spheres may be marked. At the law-making stage, the ordering function harmonises legal solutions adopted in a legislative act whereas at the law-enforcement stage it facilitates construction of a legal text. The shaping of a model of proceedings in administrative courts by principles means that these principles make it possible to determine the structure of institutions and procedural solutions in proceedings before administrative courts, while the interpretative function occurs only in the sphere of law enforcement and criticism. The cognitive function is mainly signiﬁ cant for the law teaching and researching sphere, but also for the law practice, including criticism.
Sebastian Gajewski, Aleksander Jakubowski, Ustawa o organizowaniu i prowadzeniu działalności kulturalnej. Komentarz, seria Ustawy w praktyce, C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2016 (opr. Paulina Jankowska)
Authors: Jankowska Paulina
Published: September 2018

Sebastian Gajewski, Aleksander Jakubowski, Ustawa o organizowaniu i prowadzeniu działalności kulturalnej. Komentarz, seria Ustawy w praktyce, C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2016 (opr. Paulina Jankowska)
Adedokun Ogunfolu, Oludayo Fagbemi, I Have a Drone: The Implications of American Drone Policy for Africa and International Humanitarian Law (Mam drona: konsekwencje amerykańskiej polityki użycia dronów dla Afryki i międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego), „African Journal of International and Comparative Law” 2015, vol. 23, iss. 1
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna
Published: September 2018

Adedokun Ogunfolu, Oludayo Fagbemi, I Have a Drone: The Implications of American Drone Policy for Africa and International Humanitarian Law (Mam drona: konsekwencje amerykańskiej polityki użycia dronów dla Afryki i międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego), „African Journal of International and Comparative Law” 2015, vol. 23, iss. 1
The effect of smoking on posttraumatic pseudoarthrosis healing after internal stabilization, treated with platelet rich plasma (PRP)
Authors: Wechmann Michał , Ziętek Paweł , Sieczka Łukasz , Dobiecki Konrad , Krzywda-Pogorzelska Joanna , Czajka Radomir , Kamiński Adam , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej , Kotrych Daniel
Published: September 2018

Disturbed or delayed healing remains one of the most serious fracture-related complications, despite bone capacity for internal regeneration and reabsorption. Considerable progress in the understanding and treatment of fractures has been noted. The aim of our study was to evaluate treatment outcome in patients (smokers and non-smokers) with post-traumatic pseudoarthrosis.

Hypothesis

Determinate when administration of growth factors is most beneficial, and whether it accelerates bone union.

Material and methods

The study included patients treated for post-traumatic pseudoarthrosis resulting from multiple bone fractures. The study group and controls were further subdivided into: non-smokers, non-smokers >2 years after quitting, and smokers. Independent tests were performed for men and women. The study group, apart from other methods of treatment, received concentrated PRP (platelet-rich plasma) to aid the process of bone healing, or in cases of delayed healing confirmed by radiological assessment on follow-up visits.

Results

Mean time of fracture healing was 8 weeks for non-smokers and non-smokers >2 years after quitting, whereas in smokers the healing process was significantly prolonged (18 weeks in both, men and women).

Conclusions

The risk for infection is smaller in non-smokers as compared to smokers, with the latter being at an elevated risk for bone inflammation and delayed union.
Microbial Transformations
Authors: Lee Victoria
Published: September 2018

The domestication of penicillin production in Japan was a priority for the Allied occupation government (1945–1952) immediately after World War II, since manufacturing the drug using raw materials available locally would lower the cost of the occupation. In place of employing the analytical concept of technology transfer, this article explores processes of domestication (kokusanka) using the records of the Japan Penicillin Research Association (Nihon penishirin gakujutsu kyōgikai), an interdisciplinary academic association set up to mediate between government policy and industrial manufacturers, and which directed research in the critical early years of penicillin production. I argue that an examination of the occupation period is especially revealing of the contribution of indigenous knowledge from the World War II and prewar periods to the development of microbiology during Japan’s “economic miracle” (1950s to early 1970s), and I highlight the intellectual dimensions that were specific to Japanese science by comparison with other national cases of penicillin domestication. Beyond the transfer of submerged culture fermentation technology for antibiotic mass production, a distinctive engagement with agricultural chemistry’s longstanding perception of microbes—as alchemists of the environment, with the ability to transform resource scarcity into productive abundance—organized the knowledge by which penicillin scientists made the domestic environment work, and deeply shaped antibiotic research in the subsequent decades in Japan.
Frey nach dem Französischen bearbeitet
Authors: Tusa Michael C.
Published: September 2018

The importance of the Revolutionary-era opéras-comiques for the origin and conception of Beethoven’s Fidelio is well established. The Viennese productions that earned the composer’s admiration did not, however, present the French versions transmitted in published scores and libretti. In addition to translating the texts from French into German, the Viennese versions typically entailed changes, sometimes quite radical, to accommodate such factors as Austrian censorship, singers’ strengths and limitations, and audience sensibilities.

The present study seeks to illuminate the French repertoire that Beethoven and Viennese audiences had the opportunity to witness between 1802 and 1805, the peak of the vogue for French opera in Vienna as well as the formative years of Beethoven’s first opera. In so doing it casts new light on the 1805 version of Fidelio. At issue are the ways in which Beethoven’s opera participated in the Viennese practices of adaptation. The study adds to the extant scholarship on Joseph Sonnleithner’s libretto by pointing out similar phenomena in Viennese versions of other French works and interpreting such adaptations in light of the growing body of research on censorship in turn-of-the-century Vienna. Knowledge of the adaptations also clarifies the horizon of musical expectations for opera in Beethoven’s Vienna and brings to light a possible model for one of the most famous moments in the operatic repertory: the off-stage trumpet call in the dungeon scene in Fidelio.
An Old Story in a New World
Authors: Vandagriff Rachel S.
Published: September 2018

During the Cold War, American private foundations subsidized American modernist composers, supporting their work through commissions, underwriting recordings and concerts, and promoting their ideas in radio programs and periodicals circulated at home and abroad. From its establishment in 1952, the Fromm Music Foundation (FMF) acted as an important player in this field. Using archival material and interviews with people who worked with the founder Paul Fromm, I show how Fromm’s involvement in his foundation, and his reliance on professional advice, constituted a unique patronage model that enabled select composers to participate actively in the promotion of their music. Fromm’s relationship with Elliott Carter provides an especially complex example of a mutually beneficial and successful partnership.

Fromm’s goal was to integrate contemporary music into American musical life by supporting the production and dissemination of new compositions. Fromm sought to play the role of patron, fostering close relationships with composers who received funds and acted as his artistic advisers. Fromm’s partnership, and consequent friendship with, Carter illustrates the many ways the FMF served composers. In 1955 Fromm commissioned what became Carter’s Double Concerto for piano, harpsichord, and two chamber orchestras (1961). Fromm’s subsequent help, administered through his Foundation and personal connections, enabled Carter to secure high-quality premieres of this piece and other difficult-to-perform repertoire, helped facilitate repeat performances and recordings of these compositions, and allowed Carter, together with his wife Helen, to establish a system to fund musicians who performed his music—and also reap tax benefits. Among the recipients who benefited from Fromm’s largesse were Charles Rosen, Paul Jacobs, and Jacob Lateiner.

Fromm’s actions spawned a familiar fable. Carter’s career and the way he talked about it reinforced many persistent falsehoods about an artist’s relationship, or lack thereof, to potential listeners and audiences—a source of financial support for artists since the advent of public concert life. Fromm’s financial support and Carter’s ability to supplement it helped buttress the late-Romantic myth of creative autonomy. The details of this partnership—the words exchanged, the other figures involved, and its variegated benefits—harbor broad implications for the study of Cold War-era patronage networks and for our view of Carter’s career.
Análisis del uso de la publicidad en las organizaciones de gobierno: información, posicionamiento y propaganda.
Authors: Yánez Balarezo Samuel , Cusot Gustavo
Published: September 2018

En las organizaciones gubernamentales del Ecuador, la publicidad se ha insertado como una herramienta de apoyo comunicativo sobre la acción del gobierno.Mediante una investigación descriptiva, de carácter cualitativo e interpretativo, analiza las diversas dimensiones de utilización de la publicidad en los departamentos de comunicación de las instituciones públicas del Ecuador.La publicidad es utilizada para informar sobre la gestión, posicionar la institución y los logros del gobierno, y conseguir que la ciudadanía actúe en temas referentes a la institución y la posición política del gobierno, la decisión sobre que se debe publicitar es un tema de las autoridades y no se rige bajo un parámetro establecido.
Evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin in an endemic area
Authors: Dokunmu Titilope M. , Olasehinde Grace I. , Oladejo David O. , Adjekukor Cynthia U. , Akinbohun Adesola E. , Onileere Olabode A. , Eze Chisom J. , Jir Grace S.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum has developed resistance to artemisinin drugs in Southeast Asia, and its reduced sensitivity has been reported in other regions. This study aims to determine parasite susceptibility to the bioactive form of artemisinin derivatives- dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-, and to detect the K13 polymorphism in isolates from an endemic area of Nigeria.
Methods: Ex-vivo response in 55 parasites isolates obtained from malaria-positive patients were exposed to pulse DHA concentration and cultured for 66 hours ex-vivo. Parasite ring stage survival (RSAex-vivo) relative to unexposed matched control was determined by microscopy, and parasite growth was compared using Mann-Whitney U-test at a significance level of P<0.05. The Kelch propeller gene was amplified using specific primers, then sequenced and analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were compared to reference PF3D7_1343700.
Results: Overall, 151 of 375 (40.2%) individuals were positive during the study period. In 55 selected isolates, there was increased growth in unexposed wells but growth was inhibited in DHA-exposed wells, with growth rate between 14.9 – 96.7%. The mean RSAex-vivo value was 0.18 ± 0.09%, 95% CI (0.15-0.20). There was no significant mutation of the K13 gene in the parasite isolates evaluated.
Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum isolates from this endemic area show high sensitivity to dihydroartemisinin ex-vivo, with no mutations conferring artemisinin resistance. Continuous monitoring of parasite susceptibility to artemisinin combination drugs should be intensified to reduce chances of artemisinin resistance in endemic areas.
The Teen Driver
Authors: Alderman Elizabeth M. , Johnston Brian D. ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE,   COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION, Breuner Cora , Grubb Laura K. , Powers Makia , Upadhya Krishna , Wallace Stephenie , Hoffman Benjamin D. , Quinlan Kyran , Agran Phyllis , Denny Sarah , Hirsh Michael , Lee Lois , Monroe Kathy , Schaechter Judy , Tenenbein Milton , Zonfrillo Mark R.
Published: September 2018

For many teenagers, obtaining a driver’s license is a rite of passage, conferring the ability to independently travel to school, work, or social events. However, immaturity, inexperience, and risky behavior put newly licensed teen drivers at risk. Motor vehicle crashes are the most common cause of mortality and injury for adolescents and young adults in developed countries. Teen drivers (15–19 years of age) have the highest rate of motor vehicle crashes among all age groups in the United States and contribute disproportionately to traffic fatalities. In addition to the deaths of teen drivers, more than half of 8- to 17-year-old children who die in car crashes are killed as passengers of drivers younger than 20 years of age. This policy statement, in which we update the previous 2006 iteration of this policy statement, is used to reflect new research on the risks faced by teen drivers and offer advice for pediatricians counseling teen drivers and their families.
CIMOHU: NUEVOS HORIZONTES PARA LAS CIENCIAS DEL EJERCICIO
Authors: Aragon-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: September 2018

Se presentan unas breves reflexiones sobre el potencial del nuevo edificio del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, así como los logros más recientes de la revista Pensar en Movimiento.
Parametric conditions and exact solution for the Duffing-Van der Pol class of equations
Authors: Bich Dao Huy , Bich Nguyen Dang
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a methodology to find the exact solution and respective parametric conditions to the Duffing-Van der Pol class of equations. The supposed method in this paper is different from the Prelle and Singer method and the Lie symmetry method. The main idea of the supposed method is implemented in finding the first integrals of the original equation and leading this equation to a solved equation of lower order to which the exact solution can be obtained. As results the parametric conditions and the exact solutions in parametric forms are indicated. The algorithm for determining integral constants and the investigation of solution characteristics are considered.
Concluding Commentary. The Importance of the Humanities in Medical Education: Where are we now?
Authors: McFarland Jonathan , Markovina Irina , Gibbs Trevor
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The undergraduate medical curriculum, together with many of the other healthcare curricula, is under a constant state of change. Sometimes that change is for the better, very occasionally less so. Many physicians who graduated more than forty years ago may agree that the humanities were a strong component of the hidden curriculum; the humanities were just there and enhanced many teaching activities (mainly lectures) to a variable state. They were used by a certain proportion of faculty to make their lectures "more exciting", "more real" and "to put them in context". Over time and as new teaching and learning technologies took the place of formal teaching (such as lectures), these humanities approaches and enhancements appeared to become less prominent.This new AMEE MedEdPublish theme - The Importance of the Humanities in Medical Education - has not only demonstrated that the humanities are not gone and lost forever, they were just hidden, but the number of papers received demonstrated that the subject is certainly healthier than expected and suggests the inclusion of the Humanities within all forms of healthcare curricula and training opportunities. This concluding commentary provides an overview of the large number of papers received, explores the various reasons that support the presence of the humanities in the curriculum, provides insight into the ways that the humanities are being taught and finally, provides some direction of the way forward.
Results of qualitative test on fatty acid binding cardiac protein in suspected acute coronary syndrome and various kidney function level
Authors: Kokorin V. A. , Kochmareva E. A. , Arefiev M. N. , Gordeev I. G.
Published: September 2018

Aim.To evaluate diagnostic properties of qualitative tests for cardiac fraction of the fatty acid binding protein (cFABP) in patients hospitalized with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), depending on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) level.

Material and methods.Totally, 465 patients included, admitted with ACS within 24 hours from onset. All patients underwent cFABP test with immune chromatographic express tests “CardioFABP” (Novosibirsk, Russia) and/or “CARD-INFO” (Obninsk, Russia), as the levels of serum creatinine with further GFR calculation. Assessment of diagnostic characteristics was done by the values of specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic correctness, as well as overall positive and negative test results according to GFR.

Results.The analysis did not reveal significant difference in the number of positive and negative results of cFABP with the “CARD-INFO” (χ2=6,822, р=0,146), “CardioFABP” 10 ng/mL (χ2=4,968, р=0,291) and “CardioFABP” 15 ng/mL (χ2=8,673, р=0,07) in comparison by GFR. With coupled comparison, in the groups of patients by GFR there were differences in specificity for “CARD-INFO” (Fischer criteria =0,017, р˂0,05) and precision for “CardioFABP” (10 ng/mL) (χ2=5,793, р=0,017) in patients by GFR levels 60-90 and 30-59 mL/min/1,73 m2. For the other parameters of diagnostical efficacy there were no differences by GFR. In severe renal dysfunction (GFR ˂15 mL/min/1,73 m2) results of qualitative cFABP were false positive in 10 cases among 11 (90,9%).

Conclusion.In patients hospitalized for suspected ACS, the results and diagnostic characteristics of the express-tests for cFABP “CARD-INFO” and “CardioFABP” depended mildly on GFR level with its values ≥15 mL/min/1,73 m2. Low number of patients with GFR ˂15 mL/min/1,73 m2made not possible to acquire significant data on cFABP in this category of patients, however the data available make it not to apply the test in this category of patients.
Predictive significance of raised blood pressure in children and adolescents (32-year prospective follow-up)
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , Rozanov V. B. , Pugoeva Kh. S. , Ivanova E. I.
Published: September 2018

Although on the first glance, the prevention of arterial hypertension (AH) is effective since childhood and adolescence, further research is needed, as it is not well known how to make it effective.

Aim. Based upon the analysis of 32-year long dynamics of various levels of blood pressure (BP), to define the efficacy of screening investigations in children.

Material and methods. A 32-year long prospective, cohort study conducted, the observation of males beginning at age 11-12 y. o. In 32 years, among 1005 participants, 303 (30,1%) were investigated, and the cohort consisted finally of 290 persons. The assessment included: surveying, triple BP measurement, pulse count, body mass and height measurement, triceps skin folds thickness measurement, as scapular and abdominal, waist and hip circumference, total cholesterol measurement, as the high density, and level of triglycerides, electrocardiogram.

Results. Among the males that at the age 12 were in the upper 20% (5th quintile) by systolic BP, in 32 years almost one quarter remained in the same quintile. The stability of raised BP the parameters influence such as body mass and skin fold thickness. Combination of raised systolic BP in high body mass in 13 y. o. adolescents does increase the risk of AH at 43 y. o. the same grade that does an isolated body mass increase — this witness on the decrease of baseline BP values role in hypertension developemnt with remaining role of body mass. The risk of AH development with the baseline age 15 y. o. was significantly higher in combination of overweight and AH.

Conclusion. For AH prevention, even in childhood and adolescence it necessary to monitor closely those with raised systolic BP and overweight, and active prevention should start before the age 20 y. o.
Influence of tobacco smoking on clinical efficacy of a 1-year rehabilitation programme for myocardial infarction patients of economically active age
Authors: Bubnova M. G. , Aronov D. M. , Novikova N. K.
Published: September 2018

Aim. Evaluation of the efficacy of 1-year exercise based program (EP) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of economically active age after acute myocardial infarction (MI), depending on smoking status.

Material and methods. To the study, males included (n=338) after MI (not later than 3 weeks from the event). Four groups shaped by randomization: EP patients smokers (group 1, n=84), EP non-smokers (group 2, n=85); no EP smokers (group 3, n=85) and no EP non-smokers (group 4, n=84). All patients received standard medication treatment. The EP were added, of moderate intensity (50-60% from the load in exercise test) 3 times a week during 1 year.

Results. After EP in smokers (n=41) and non-smokers (n=85) there was an increase of load duration by 30,3% (p<0,001) and by 28,4% (p<0,001), and its intensity by 31,2% (p<0,001) and 30,8% (p<0,001), with 3,8% (p<0,01) increase of economicity of physical work, but only in smokers. With no EP only in non-smokers there was slight increase of exercise duration by 10,1% (p<0,01) and its intensity by 11,1% (p<0,05), but milder, and in smokers, in contrary, the economicity parameter declined by 13,3% (p<0,05). This was linked with the heart size enlargement and the left ventricle ejection fraction increase in smokers and non-smokers; in the absence of EP there were no changes, just slight (by 1,9%) (p<0,05) increase of the left ventricle ejection fraction in non-smokers. Only at EP, with similar grade in smokers and non-smokers there was decrease of atherogenic lipids levels and high density cholesterol increase. In 1 year of EP, all cases of cardiovascular adverse events significantly decreased in smokers by 44,8% (р<0,05) and in nonsmokers by 50,9% (р<0,05).

Conclusion. Long term (1 year) EP of moderate intensity, in both smokers and non-smokers MI patients lead to stable disease course, decrease the rate of cardiovascuar complications and improve patients life quality. However the “smoking factor” decreases rehabilitational potentional of patient and interferes with better results achievement in cardiorehabilitation.