bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Batman İli ve Kadın İntiharları
Authors: GÖRMELİ KURT Nazlı , ARAÇ Songül
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmada, Batman ilinde genç kadın nüfus için önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu
olan intihar vakalarının sosyodemografik özelliklerini inceleyerek alınabilecek
önlemlere katkıda bulunmayı amaçladık Materyal
ve metot: Batman Bölge Devlet Hastanesi acil servisine, 1 Haziran 2012 -  1 Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında intihar
girişimi nedeni ile başvuran hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya
alınan hastaların cinsiyeti, yaşı, medeni durumu, okur-yazar olup olmadığı,
intihar yöntemi, hangi mevsim ve saat kaçta gerçekleştirildiği, geçmişte
intihar girişimi öyküsü varlığı, psikiyatri konsültasyonu istemi yapılıp
yapılmadığı, yapılan müdahale ve mortalite oranı incelendi.Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 896 vakanın  %83,4’ü
(n=747)  kadın, %16,6’ sı (n=149)
erkekti. Yaş dağılımına göre incelediğimizde en fazla başvurunun %57,1
(n=512)  ile 15-24 ve takiben %27,2
(n=244) ile 25-34 yaş aralığında olduğunu görüldü. Başvuran kadın vakaların %
49,1’i (n=367) evli, erkeklerin ise %71,8’ i (n=107) bekar idi. tüm vakaların
%58,1’i (n=521) okuma-yazma bilmemekteydi. 
İlaç içme %79,5 (n=713) ile en sık karşımıza çıkan intihar sebebi idi.
Toplamda 896 vakanın %8,7’si (n=78) eksitus oldu. Eksitus olan hastaların
%38,4’i (n=30) erkek, %61,5’ü (n=48) kadın idi. Kadınların %47,9’u (n=23) ası
ile eksitus olurken erkeklerde ilk sırada %40 (n=12) ile ateşli silah
yaralanması vardı.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 15-24 yaş arası, evli kadınlarda intihar ve intihar
girişim riski yüksek bulunmuştur. Kadınların bu bölgede küçük yaşta yaşlı
insanlar ile evliliğe zorlanması, eğitim düzeyinin düşük olması, aile içi
şiddet, kadınlara uygulanan baskıcı tutum genç kadın nüfusunu intihara
sürüklemektedir. Bu konuda yetkili kurumların gerekli önlemleri almasının
intihar ve intihar girişimlerini azaltmada etkili olabileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Kocaeli İlindeki Aile Hekimleri ve Aile Sağlığı Elemanlarının Anne Sütü ve Emzirme İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri
Authors: AYHAN BAŞER Duygu , SÖNMEZ Cemil İşık , ARSLAN Merve
Published: March 2018

AMAÇ: Yapılan çalışmalar, annelerin anne sütü ve emzirme
konusunda bilgi eksikleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Annelerin bilgi eksikliğini
kapatmak için en büyük görev, sağlık sisteminin temeli olan aile sağlığı
merkezleri çalışanlarına düşmektedir. Bu araştırmada amaç, anneleri anne sütü hakkında eğitme
görevini üstlenen aile hekimleri ve aile sağlığı elemanlarının anne sütü
danışmanlık eğitimleri öncesi bilgi düzeylerini ölçmektir.YÖNTEM: Kocaeli ilindeki aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan bütün
aile hekimleri ve aile sağlığı elemanlarının anne sütü ve emzirme danışmanlık
eğitimleri öncesi genel bilgi düzeyleri, anket formu ile sorgulandı.BULGULAR: Aile hekimleri tüm soruların ortalama %78,77’sini
doğru cevaplamıştır. Aile sağlığı elemanları tüm soruların ortalama %87,10’unu
doğru cevaplamıştır. Aile hekimleri “Anne Sütünün Önemi” ve “Memeyi Red”; aile sağlığı
elemanları “Anne Sütünün Önemi”, “Memeyi Red”, “Sütün Sağılması” konularını en
yüksek oranlarda doğru cevaplamıştır. Aile hekimleri “Emzirmeyi Değerlendirme”;
aile sağlığı elemanları “Memelere İlişkin Sorunlar” konularını en yüksek
oranlarda yanlış cevaplamıştır.

SONUÇ: Çalışmadan elde
edilen sonuçlara göre aile sağlığı elemanlarının anne sütü hakkında bilgi
düzeyleri aile hekimlerinden daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçta, aile sağlığı
merkezlerine gelen gebe ve annelerle daha çok aile sağlığı elemanlarının
iletişime geçiyor olmalarının etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
The Perception of Privacy in the Emergency Department: Medical Faculty Hospital as A Case in Point
Authors: Ozturk Hulya , Sayligil Omur , Musmul Ahmet , Ergun Acar Nurdan
Published: March 2018

Patient privacy
is a complex concept that may be affected by many parameters in healthcare
services, especially in Emergency (ER) Departments. 

Objective:
To examine the privacy of patients receiving healthcare and medical treatment
in the ED, and to evaluate privacy-related problems, if any, from the ethical
perspective.  

Methods: The
data-collecting instrument in this study was a survey form consisting of 11
questions seeking demographic information about participants and 15
privacy-related questions formulated as a 5-point Likert type scale.

Results: The
average age of participants was 42.23±1.716. 220 (96.5%) participants reported
that they did not change the information they provide to physicians and nurses
because such information may be overheard by others. 146 (64.0%) participants agree that paying attention to privacy in the
ER is important. Age is a significant factor in perception of privacy.
Women are more sensitive than men, and married patients are more sensitive than
single patients with regard to privacy.

Conclusions:
Expectations related to the protection of privacy are closely associated with
patients’ trust in physicians. While adhering to the principles of avoiding
delays in treatment, physicians are required to respect patient privacy, with a
view to meeting patient expectations.
Orta-Yüksek Yoğunluktaki Fiziksel Aktiviteyi Ölçen Üç Eksenli (3D) Sensör Destekli Pedometre Kullanımının Vücut Kompozisyonuna Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma
Authors: Ertekin Yusuf Haydar
Published: March 2018

Amaç:
Önerilen
kriterlerde fiziksel aktiviteyi pedometreyle takip etmenin vücut kompozisyonuna
etkisini araştırdık.Gereç
ve Yöntem: Kontrol, yürüyüş (PAC) ve pedometre
(PAC-PED) gruplarına katılımcılar rastgele atanarak orta-yüksek şiddette
fiziksel aktivite reçete edildi. Önerilen egzersizleri; PAC grubu takip
kartlarına not alarak, PAC-PED grubu pedometreyle takip ederek, kontrol grubu
takip olmadan müdahale gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular:
Kontrol
grubuna 23, PAC grubuna 11, PAC-PED grubuna 16 hasta olmak üzere toplam 50
katılımcıyla tamamlandı. Tüm katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 47,1 ± 12,8 (25 – 81),
cinsiyete göre kadınların oranı %74, erkeklerin %26 oldu. Katılımcıların vücut
kitle indeksi ortalama 29,7 ± 5,5 kg/m2, vücut yağ oranı ortalama 33,8
± 8,5 saptandı. Katılımcılar ortalama 2,0 0 ± 1,2 [0,5 – 6,3] ay süreyle takip
edildi. Tüm gruplarda vücut ağırlığında anlamlı düşüş saptandı. Vücut yağ oranı
kontrol grubunda değişmezken, PAC ve PAC-PED gruplarında anlamlı oranında
düştü.

Sonuç:
 Orta-yüksek şiddette fiziksel aktivite verilen
hastalarda kartla bireysel takip sağlamak vücut yağ oranını azaltmaktayken,
pedometreyle bireysel takip sağlamak vücut yağ oranını daha fazla
azaltmaktadır. Bireysel takip yapılmadığında vücut ağırlığı düşmesine karşın vücut
yağ oranı değişmemektedir.
The Effects of Macroeconomic Factors on the Performance of Stock Market in Sri Lanka
Authors: Badullahewage Shohani Upeksha
Published: March 2018

The main objective of this research is to analyze the vital impact of macroeconomic factors on the stock market performance in Sri Lanka. All the factors which have a direct impact on the working of the emerging stock market have hereby studied. The relationship between the pivotal factors such as inflation, gross domestic product, interest rates, and exchange rates has been properly conducted with the assistance of the indexes. The results of the analysis revealed that all these factors have an inseparable impact over the performance of the stock market and Sri Lankan stock market performance has eventually over gone through many ups and downs because of them as well. It has been revealed that among all the factors that have been discussed, inflation and exchange rates have comparatively higher effects on the stock market performance. It shows a fluctuation because of the unpredictable nature of these factors. Colombo Stock Exchange has seen a tremendous change in its performance over a period for which these factors have played a prominent as well as a vital role in it its functioning.
How Crypto-Currency Can Decrypt the Global Digital Divide: Bitcoins a Means for African Emergence
Authors: Nseke Pisso
Published: March 2018

Low transaction cost, low level of entry, worldwide quickness, and anonymity of the transactions is the main advantage of cryptocurrency use, making it an attractive transaction media for African countries. At the same time, there are certain drawbacks of it in terms of strong volatility, lack of user-friendliness and its usage in crime. The conceptual paper explores the use of cryptocurrencies, and its potential in the African context. The research paper utilizes UTAUT 2 Model and adds key constructs for analyzing the adoption of new technology by Africans. These additional constructs include hedonistic motivation, habit and price cost. Key factors were considered in the case of African countries in order to analyze whether cryptocurrency is essential for economic growth in some economic countries. The application of UTAUT model in the case of Arica shows that performance, effort expectations, social influence are favorable for African countries while the influence of hedonic motivations and price is unfavorable for acceptance of cryptocurrencies in African countries.
Effects of adding nano-wollastonite, date palm prunings and two types of resins on the physical and mechanical properties of medium-density fibreboard (MDF) made from wood fibres
Authors: Taghiyari Hamid R. , Ghamsari Farzad Arbabi , Salimifard Ehsan
Published: March 2018

L’étude porte sur les effets de l’ajout de nano-wollastonite (NW) et de résidus de palmier-dattier sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques de panneaux de fibres à densité moyenne. Des résines d’urée-formaldéhyde (UF) et d’isocyanate (IC) ont été utilisées à 10 % et 5 %, respectivement, du poids sec du matériau pour produire les panneaux. NW à granulométrie < 100 nm a été utilisé à 5 et 10 % du poids sec des résines, mélangé et pulvérisé sur le matériau avant formation du tapis de fibres. Les résultats ont été ensuite comparés à ceux pour les panneaux sans NW. Ils indiquent clairement une moindre absorption d’humidité et un moindre gonflement en épaisseur pour les panneaux produits avec ajout de résine IC. L’ajout de résidus de palmier-dattier a augmenté significativement les valeurs IB des panneaux produits avec les deux résines, UF et IC. L’ajout de NW a réduit les propriétés mécaniques des panneaux produits avec la résine UF, et amélioré celles des panneaux produits avec la résine IC. En conclusion, les résidus de palmier-dattier peuvent être considérés comme matière première potentielle pour la production de panneaux de fibres à moyenne densité en utilisant les deux résines, UF et IC. D’autre part, l’ajout de NW est recommandé pour la production de panneaux composites avec 10 % de résidus de palmier pour compenser en partie leur moindre résistance mécanique.
The Open Energy Modelling Framework (oemof) - A New Approach to Facilitate Open Science in Energy System Modelling
Authors: Hilpert Simon , Kaldemeyer Cord , Krien Uwe , Günther Stephan , Wingenbach Clemens , Plessmann Guido
Published: March 2018

Energy system models have become indispensable to shape future energy systems by providing insights into different trajectories. However, sustainable systems with high shares of renewable energy are characterized by growing cross-sectoral interdependencies and decentralized structures. To capture important properties of increasingly complex energy systems, sophisticated and flexible modelling tools are needed. At the same time open science becomes increasingly important in energy system modelling. This paper presents the Open Energy Modelling Framework (oemof) as a novel approach in energy system modelling, representation and analysis. The framework forms a toolbox to construct comprehensive energy system models and has been published open source under a free license. With a collaborative development based on open processes the framework seeks for a maximum level of participation and transparency to facilitate open science principles in energy system modelling. Based on a generic graph based description of energy systems it is well suited to flexibly model complex cross-sectoral systems and incorporate various modelling approaches. This makes the framework a multi-purpose modelling environment for modelling and analyzing different systems ranging from an urban to a transnational scale.
Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Localization in Xenograft and Allograft Tumor Models Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Masuda Junko , Shigehiro Tsukasa , Matsumoto Takuma , Satoh Ayano , Mizutani Akifumi , Umemura Chiho , Saito Shoki , Kijihira Mayumi , Takayama Eiji , Seno Akimasa , Murakami Hiroshi , Seno Masaharu
Published: March 2018

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) acquire functionally distinct properties in response to various environmental stimuli; the interaction of these cells with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor microenvironments regulates cancer progression. Immunodeficient mice lacking T cells are less likely to reject human cancer cells because of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatches. The xenograft tumor microenvironment, comprising human cancer and mouse host cells, exhibits more complex bidirectional signaling and function than a syngeneic tumor microenvironment. Here human and mouse colorectal cancer cells were transplanted into nude mice to elucidate differences in macrophage, DC, and MDSC functions in human xenograft and mouse allograft tumor models. Plasma interferon-γ and interleukin-18 concentrations in the former model after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were significantly higher than those in the latter model and non-transplanted control group. Splenic MHC class I, II, and CD80 expression increased in CD11b+ and MDSC populations after LPS administration in only the xenograft tumor model. The number of CD80- and MRC1-expressing cells decreased upon LPS administration in only the xenograft tumor. These results suggxest that macrophages and DCs function normally in xenograft tumor models, whereas their functions in response to LPS administration vary in allograft tumor models.
Quantification of the Impact of Photon Distinguishability on Measurement-Device- Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Simon Garrett , Huff Blake , Meier William , Harrell Lee
Published: March 2018

Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDI-QKD) is a two-photon protocol devised to eliminate eavesdropping attacks that interrogate or control the detector in realized quantum key distribution systems. In MDI-QKD, the measurements are carried out by an untrusted third party, and the measurement results are announced openly. Knowledge or control of the measurement results gives the third party no information about the secret key. Error-free implementation of the MDI-QKD protocol requires the crypto-communicating parties, Alice and Bob, to independently prepare and transmit single photons that are physically indistinguishable, with the possible exception of their polarization states. In this paper, we apply the formalism of quantum optics and Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the impact of small errors in wavelength, bandwidth, polarization and timing between Alice's photons and Bob's photons on the MDI-QKD quantum bit error rate (QBER). Using published single-photon source characteristics from two-photon interference experiments as a test case, our simulations predict that the finite tolerances of these sources contribute (4.04+/-20/Nsifted) to the QBER in an MDI-QKD implementation generating an Nsifted-bit sifted key.
Liver–Intestine CREBH Regulates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshimi , Shimano Hitoshi
Published: March 2018

The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH, encoded by CREB3L3) is a membrane-bound transcriptional factor that primarily localizes in the liver and small intestine. CREBH governs triglyceride metabolism in the liver, which mediates the changes in gene expression governing fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and apolipoproteins upregulating LPL activity. A deficiency of CREBH in mice leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia. CREBH, in synergy with PPARα, has a crucial role in upregulating Fgf21 expression, which is implicated in metabolic homeostasis. CREBH binds to and functions as a co-activator for both PPARα and LXRα in regulating gene expression of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, intestinal CREBH in overexpression reduces cholesterol absorption and suppresses high-cholesterol diet-induced fatty liver. Conversely, a deficiency of CrebH in mice fed on various high-fat diets leads to severe fatty liver. Thus, CREBH could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Effects of Different Cogging Technologies on the Inclusions in GH4738 Superalloy Produced by Double Vacuum Smelting
Authors: Chen Zhengyang , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Guo Hao , Zheng Hongbo
Published: March 2018

Cogging is a key part in the production process of superalloy, but inclusions affect the performance of superalloy. It is therefore particularly important to study the effects of cogging on the inclusions in superalloy. In our study, the superalloy GH4738 was made by double vacuum smelting. Cogging was performed by unidirectional drawing, upsetting and drawing, and upsetting/drawing with radial forging. The types and distributions of the inclusions after the three cogging processes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and software such as Image Pro Plus. The results showed that double vacuum smelting essentially determined the types of the inclusions in the GH4738 superalloy. Four types of inclusions were found in the experiments: TiC-TiN-Mo-S composite, TiC-TiN composite, Ce-Mo-S composite, and SiC inclusions. In the case of cogging by unidirectional drawing, the average size of the inclusions first decreased and then increased, from the center to the edge. In the case of upsetting and drawing, and upsetting/drawing with radial forging, the average size of inclusions decreased from the center to the edge.
Aristotle, his Course on Natural Philosophy and the Arabic Tradition
Authors: PUIG MONTADA Josep
Published: March 2018

The article consists of three parts. The first examines the Arabic translations of Aristotle’s Physics; the second analyses the history of the translation by Isḥāq Ibn Ḥunayn, that is the only extant and was subject to various commentaries; and the third focuses on the beginning of Book VII. There are two versions of the Greek text for this passage, and there is evidence that Isḥāq Ibn Ḥunayn relied on a text closer to β-version for his translation.
On Ideas in Motion in Baghdad and Beyond
Authors: MARTINI BONADEO Cecilia
Published: March 2018

Damien Janos (ed.), Ideas in Motion in Baghdad and Beyond. Philosophical and Theological Exchanges between Christians and Muslims in the Third/Ninth and Fourth/Tenth Centuries, (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts, 124), Brill: Leiden–Boston, 2015
Sita Steckel, Niels Gaul and Michael Grünbart (eds), Networks of Learning. Perspectives on Scholars in Byzantine East and Latin West, C. 1000-1200, (Byzantinistische Studien Und Texte, 6), Münster–Hamburg–Berlin–London: LIT, 2014, XXXVI + 352 pp., ISBN 9783643904577
Authors: BONHOME PULIDO Lourdes
Published: March 2018

Review: Sita Steckel, Niels Gaul and Michael Grünbart (eds), Networks of Learning. Perspectives on Scholars in Byzantine East and Latin West, C. 1000-1200, (Byzantinistische Studien Und Texte, 6), Münster–Hamburg–Berlin–London: LIT, 2014, XXXVI + 352 pp., ISBN 9783643904577
Correlation analysis of wavefront aberrations and accommodations in myopia and hyperopia
Authors: Tarutta Elena , Harutyunyan Sona , Khandzhyan Anusch , Khodzhabekyan Narine
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Celem badania było przeprowadzenie analizy porównawczej dotyczącej akomodacji, pseudoakomodacji (PA) i aberracji wyższego rzędu (higher order optical aberrations – HOA) u dzieci oraz młodzieży z krótkowzrocznością i nadwzrocznością.Materiały i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 88 pacjentów w wieku 5–24 lat (średnia 12,5 ±0,7). Zbadano 123 oczu z krótkowzrocznością (średnia −5,27 ±1,6 D) i 53 oczu z nadwzrocznością (średnia +3,1 ±1,15 D). Dokonano pomiaru obiektywnej odpowiedzi akomodacyjnej i względnej rezerwy akomodacyjnej. Wartość amplitudy pseudoakomodacyjnej (pseudoaccomodation amplitude – PA) oszacowano na podstawie różnicy między obliczoną mocą dodatkowej soczewki +3.0 D a najmniejszą mocą soczewki dodatniej umożliwiającą czytanie po wywołaniu cykloplegii (1% chlorowodorku cyklopentolanu × 2) z odległości 33 cm. Obliczono również wartości aberracji wyższego rzędu (średni kwadrat reszt, root mean square – RMS), pionowego i poziomego trefoil, pionowej i poziomej coma (coma7, coma8), oraz aberracji sferycznej (spherical aberration – SA).Wyniki: Obiektywne i subiektywne parametry akomodacji były znacząco niższe w krótkowzroczności niż w dalekowzroczności, natomiast wartości aberracji fali (RMS HOA, pionowy trefoil, coma7) oraz PA były znacząco wyższe. Stwierdzono różnice w zależnościach między parametrami aberracji i akomodacji w krótkowzroczności i nadwzroczności. W przypadku krótkowzroczności wykazano dodatnią korelację między RMS oraz pionową coma i akomodacją, natomiast pionowy trefoil oraz SA były dodatnio skorelowane z PA. W nadwzroczności stwierdzono dodatnią korelację między wartością pionowego trefoil a akomodacją oraz PA, odwrotną korelację między pionową coma a PA, oraz odwrotną korelację między poziomym trefoil i SA a akomodacją.Porównanie pacjentów krótkowzrocznych i nadwzrocznych wykazało odmienne zależności między aberracją sferyczną mierzoną po wywołaniu cycloplegii a akomodacją. Nie stwierdzono zależności między krótkowzrocznością a obiektywną odpowiedzią akomodacyjną, natomiast zaobserwowano dodatnią korelację z wartością PA. Nadwzroczność była ujemnie skorelowana z obiektywną odpowiedzią akomodacyjną, jednak nie stwierdzono zależności z wartością PА. U osób krótkowzrocznych zaobserwowano istotnie wyższe wartości SA oraz szerszą amplitudę PA. Natomiast w nadwzroczności wartość SA malała istotnie w kierunku wartości ujemnych przy wyższej amplitudzie PA.Wnioski: W krótkowzroczności stwierdzono obniżenie parametrów akomodacji oraz podwyższenie wartości HOA i PA. Porównanie oczu krótkowzrocznych i nadwzrocznych wykazało zróżnicowane powiązania między parametrami akomodacji oraz fali. Stwierdzone cechy należy uwzględnić przy opracowywaniu metod korekcji ukierunkowanych na refraktogenezę.
Potencjalności aktywne jako kompetencje społeczne – profil psychologiczny studentów medycyny w koncepcji transkulturowej psychoterapii pozytywnej
Authors: Zarek Aleksandra , Wyszadko Anna
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Kompetencje społeczne są istotnym elementem pracy lekarzy. Te umiejętności ułatwiają budowanie relacji z pacjentem, prowadzenie wrażliwego kulturowo wywiadu medycznego, sprzyjają realizowaniu zadań diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych oraz pozwalają zadbać o własny dobrostan psychiczny.Celem pracy było poznanie kompetencji społecznych studentów medycyny, z uwzględnieniem aspektu kulturowego.Materiały i metody: Podstawą teoretyczną analizy kompetencji społecznych była koncepcja transkulturowej psychoterapii pozytywnej autorstwa Nossrata Peseschkiana, w której opisano potencjalności aktywne, ujmowane w niniejszej pracy jako kompetencje. W badaniu wzięło udział 133 studentów Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu, przy czym 47 osób studiowało w języku polskim, a 86 osób było uczestnikami English Devision. Jako narzędzie pomiarowe wykorzystano Wiesbadeński Kwestionariusz Psychoterapii Pozytywnej i Rodzinnej (Wiesbaden Inventory for Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy – WIPPF2).Wyniki: W badanej grupie studentów większość potencjalności aktywnych była odpowiednio zróżnicowana (zbalansowana). Znaczną identyfikację badani ujawnili względem: nadziei, uprzejmości, miłości oraz niezawodności i sprawiedliwości. W porównaniu z osobami studiującymi w języku angielskim studenci polscy mniej (lub najmniej) identyfikowali się z potencjalnościami: porządku, uprzejmości, posłuszeństwa, wierności, cierpliwości i kontaktu, a najbardziej – z niezawodnością. Kobiety przywiązywały większą wagę do uprzejmości, sprawiedliwości, zaufania oraz wiary/sensu niż mężczyźni. Osoby pozostające w związkach nadawały większe znaczenie niż osoby wolne takim potencjalnościom jak: otwartość/szczerość, kontakt, czułość/seksualność, miłość, nadzieja.Wnioski: Zaleca się włączenie w proces edukacji studentów polskich wiedzy na temat innych kultur oraz rozbudzanie postawy ciekawości i otwartości wobec kulturowych uwarunkowań zdrowia pacjenta.
Doktor Helena Maria Kornella (1897–1992) – pierwsza kobieta urolog w Polsce
Authors: Zajączkowski Tadeusz
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Dopuszczenie kobiet do studiów medycznych nastąpiło dopiero w drugiej połowie XIX w. Jednak tylko nieliczne lekarki interesowały się chirurgią. Na przełomie XIX i XX w. już kilka lekarek amerykańskich wykonywało operacje na narządach moczowych. Pionierem była Marie B. Werner, która mogła leczyć wyłącznie kobiety. Mary E. Childs MacGregor (1896–1955) odbyła całkowite szkolenie urologiczne w 1928 r. i została pierwszym szefem urologii w Nowym Jorku. Była inspiratorem kariery urologicznej dr Elisabeth Pickett, która w 1966 r. została pierwszą kobietą dyplomowanym urologiem w Ameryce.W 1911 r. Dora Brücke-Teleky została pierwszą kobietą urologiem, członkiem Niemieckiego Towarzystwa Urologicznego, a w 1920 r. Wiedeńskiego Towarzystwa Urologicznego. W 1923 r. Sophia Lisovskaja pierwsza na świecie została profesorem urologii Instytutu Medycznego w St. Petersburgu; kierowała nim do 1952 r.Jednak poza pojedynczymi wyjątkami urologia była do lat 70. XX w. domeną mężczyzn.Celem pracy było przedstawienie pierwszej kobiety, asystentki Oddziału Urologicznego we Lwowie, pokazanie jej bohaterskich, czynów i przeżyć w burzliwych i dramatycznych latach II wojny światowej.Materiały: Do publikacji wykorzystano materiały z bibliotek i archiwów angielskich oraz polskich, jak również fotografie i dokumenty ze zbiorów rodzinnych Kornelli.Życiorys: Helena Kornella urodziła się 6 listopada 1897 r. w Jaśle. Ojciec inżynier Michał Kornella ukończył studia Techniczne w Wiedniu, a doktoryzował się na Politechnice Lwowskiej. Matką była Jadwiga z domu Hoszowska. Helena ukończyła studia medyczne na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim w 1928 r. Po studiach była asystentką na Oddziale Urologicznym, następnie pracowała na Oddziale Chorób Wewnętrznych we Lwowie.W kwietniu 1940 r. wraz z matką, bratową oraz 3-miesięczną bratanicą została wywieziona do Kazachstanu. Początkowo odbywała „wyrok ciężkich robót” w Sowchozie. Następnie pracowała jako lekarz w Siergiopolu, a w 1941 r. w Pomocniczej Wojskowej Służbie Kobiet. Potem była opiekunką polskich sierot, które przewiozła do Teheranu. Następnie była opiekunką Bejrutczyków w Libanie.W 1950 r. przybyła do Anglii. Tam pracowała jako lekarz do 70. roku życia. Zmarła w Essex w 1992 r.Podsumowanie: Doktor Helena Maria Kornella była pierwszą kobietą asystentką Oddziału Urologicznego we Lwowie. Ofiarnie pracowała przy zwalczaniu epidemii tyfusu i była opiekunką polskich sierot w Kazachstanie.
Modeling Polymer Enhanced Foam Flow in Porous Media Using An Improved Population-Balance Foam Model
Authors: Luo Haishan , Ma Kun , Mateen Khalid , Ren Guangwei , Bourdarot Gilles , Morel Danielle , Romero Carolina
Published: March 2018

Higher stability of the bulk and dynamic foam with polymer addition to the aqueous phase has been demonstrated experimentally. Recent experiments indicated that the efficacy of polymer enhanced foam (PEF) is dependent on polymer type and surfactant-polymer interaction. However, numerical modeling of PEF flow in porous media has been relatively less well understood due to the additional complexity. In this work, we propose modifications to the population-balance foam model for PEF modeling, and their successful use in matching the experimental results.

The population-balance model proposed by Chen and co-workers has been used as development platform. Upon reviewing various aspects in the physics of foam generation, coalescence and mobility reduction in porous media with the addition of polymer, a modified population-balance model was proposed with new parameters pertaining to the polymer effect on the net foam generation and the limiting capillary pressure. The new model was implemented and used to history match foam coreflood experiments with and without polymer.

In addition to the foam apparent viscosity increase due to higher viscosity of the aqueous phase, polymer also impacts foamability and foam stability of bulk foam as indicated in the literature. Our modified population-balance model introduce the viscosity terms in foam generation and coalescence coefficients to account for postulated positive impact on reducing liquid drainage and foam coalescence and negative impact on the characteristic time needed for bubble snap-off in porous media. Additionally, a modification in the limiting capillary pressure was proposed in the new model to include the polymer effect based on our analysis of the disjoining pressure. Two new model parameters are proposed and implemented accordingly. The new foam model succeeded in history-matching the anionic-surfactant-based and nonionic-surfactant-based PEF corefloods with different types of polymers through tuning the two new model parameters. The simulations also captured the transient increasing of the pressure drops induced by polymer transport and adsorption. The proposed model can be used to provide meaningful values of the model parameters that were able to explain the physical mechanisms behind the PEF floods and to guide future experimental design to further constraint the choices of model parameters.

This work provided new methodology to model PEF flow in porous media using the mechanistic population-balance approach for the first time. With proper calibrations of the parameters proposed in the model, the new model can therefore be used to simulate PEF EOR processes to describe the combined effect of foam and polymer on the mobility control of the injectants.
Surfactant Pre-Floods during CO2 Foam for Integrated Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Oil-Wet Carbonates
Authors: Fredriksen S. B. , Alcorn Z. P. , Frøland A. , Viken A. , Rognmo A. U. , Seland J. G. , Ersland G. , Fernø M. A. , Graue A.
Published: March 2018

An integrated enhanced oil recovery (IEOR) approach is presented for fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs using surfactant pre-floods to alter wettability, establish conditions for capillary continuity and improve tertiary CO2 foam injections. Surfactant pre-floods, prior to CO2 foam injection, alter the wettability of fracture surface towards weakly water-wet conditions to reduce the capillary threshold pressure for foam generation in matrix and create capillary contact between matrix blocks. The capillary connectivity transmits differential pressure across fractures and increases both mobility control and viscous displacement during CO2 foam injection. Outcrop core plugs were aged to reflect conditions of an ongoing CO2 foam field pilot in West Texas. A range of surfactants were screened for their ability to change wetting state from oil-wet to water-wet. A cationic surfactant was the most effective in shifting the moderately oil-wet cores towards weakly water-wet conditions (from an Amott-Harvey index of - 0.56 ± 0.01 to 0.09 ± 0.02), and was used for pre-floods during IEOR. When applying a surfactant pre-flood in a fractured core system, 32 ± 4% points OOIP was additionally recovered by CO2 foam injection after secondary waterflooding. We argue the enhanced oil recovery is attributed to the surfactant successfully reducing the capillary entry pressure of the oil-wet matrix providing capillary continuity and enhancing volumetric sweep during tertiary CO2 foam injection.
Zone Identification and Oil Saturation Prediction in a Waterflooded Field: Residual Oil Zone, East Seminole Field, Texas, USA, Permian Basin
Authors: Roueché Jacqueline N. , Karacan C. Özgen
Published: March 2018

Recently, the miscible CO2-EOR tertiary process used in the main pay zone (MP) of suitable reservoirs has broadened to include exploitation of the underlying residual oil zone (ROZ) where a significant amount of oil may remain. The objective of this study is to identify the ROZ and to assess the remaining oil in a brownfield ROZ by using core data and conventional well logs with probabilistic and predictive methods.

Core and log data from three wells located in the East Seminole Field in Gaines County, Texas, were used to identify the MP and ROZ in the San Andres Limestone, and to predict oil saturations. The core measurements were used to calculate probabilistic in-situ oil saturations within the MP and the ROZ as a function of depth. Well logs, in combination with core data and calculated saturations, on the other hand, were used to develop two expert systems using artificial neural networks (ANN); one to identify the ROZ and MP, and the other to predict oil saturation. These systems were also supported by a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to delineate the rules that lead to classifications of zones.

Results showed that expert systems developed and calibrated by combining core and well log data can identify MP and ROZ with a success score of more than 90%. Saturations within these zones can be predicted with a correlation coefficient of around 0.6 for testing and 0.8 for training data. The analyses showed that neutron porosity and density well log readings are the most influential ones to identify zones in this field and to predict oil saturations in the MP and ROZ. To explain the relationships of input data with the results, a rule-based system was also applied, which revealed the underlying petrophysical differences between MP and ROZ.

This new predictive approach using machine learning techniques, could potentially address the challenges that previous studies have come up against in defining the ROZ within the formation and quantifying remaining oil saturations. The method can potentially be applied to additional fields and help reliably identify the ROZ and estimate saturations for future resource evaluations.
Cyclic Steam Stimulation Enhanced with Nitrogen
Authors: Trigos E. M. , Lozano M. E. , Jimenez A. M.
Published: March 2018

The main objective of this paper is show the design, implementation and results of a nitrogen + steam pilot implemented in a Colombian heavy oil reservoir. Given that the answer to the cyclic steam injection has declined significantly in some wells of the interest field due to the high number of cycles, a pilot project to assess the feasibility of injecting nitrogen accompanied cyclic steam was raised. The determination of optimum volumes and injection scheme by numerical simulation was performed in a sector model. Eleven schemes of steam plus nitrogen injection were evaluated. In all schemes, it was tested remained constant volume of injected steam, while the volume of nitrogen varied according to the scheme (pre-injection, post-injection, co-injection or a combination of the above). In all cases, it assumed the injection of nitrogen according to real drive capacity 1200 m3/hour (1017072 ft3/day).

The best case corresponds to start injecting only one day with nitrogen, followed by five days of co-injection and ending with a single nitrogen day. Under this scheme an incremental production of 5642 barrels of oil a trial period of six months, with average oil production of 53 BOPD in the same period and maximum rate of 142 BOPD. According to the simulation results, it was decided to implement the pilot steam + nitrogen injection, following the best injection scheme given above; that is, a day of pre-injection (nitrogen only), five days of co-injection (steam + nitrogen) and one day post-injection (nitrogen only). The results of the pilot show that oil production has increased compared to previous cycles, reaching similar results to the numerical simulation forecast. A methodology to implement steam injection enhanced with nitrogen is proposal in this paper, which can be applied in any field of heavy crude scheme developed under cyclic steam stimulation.
Effect of Low Salinity Waterflooding on the Chemistry of the Produced Crude Oil
Authors: Collins I. R. , Couves J. W. , Hodges M. , McBride E. K. , Pedersen C. S. , Salino P. A. , Webb K. J. , Wicking C. , Zeng H.
Published: March 2018

Injecting low salinity water into a petroleum reservoir to improve oil recovery has been studied extensively over recent years as a low cost enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process. Extensive chemical analyses have been performed on the effluent water from low salinity waterflood experiments which reveal the extent of interaction between the injected brine, the oil and the rock matrix. However, there has been little work reported on the impact of the injected fluid composition on the nature and composition of the oil recovered. This paper details an investigation on how the waterflood medium affects the chemistry of the produced oil, which is important for understanding the mechanism by which the additional oil is released. Produced oil samples were analyzed using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) which essentially measures the mass of individual molecular species very precisely, which makes it possible to assign a unique elemental composition (e.g. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur content) to each mass. Additionally, by careful control of the ionization procedure, it was possible to identify acidic and basic polar species, as well as neutral aromatic hydrocarbons. The data indicates that the composition of the produced oil changes during the reduced salinity waterflood, with an increase in the CxHyO2 species occurring. These molecular species, compared to the secondary high salinity flood, are released as the tertiary low salinity injection water passes through the core; they then decline towards the end of the waterflood. In contrast, there appears to be little change in aromaticity, sulfur and nitrogen containing species during the flood. The fact that the produced oil is enriched predominantly with CxHyO2 species is consistent with the multiple ion exchange and local pH rise mechanisms proposed previously.
Reservoir Management of a Low-Salinity Flood on a Per-Pattern Basis
Authors: Hingerl Ferdinand F. , Thiele Marco R. , Batycky Rod P.
Published: March 2018

We use a streamline-based simulator extended to reactive transport with a comprehensive chemical module to model Low Salinity (LS) flooding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the per-pattern management of LS floods. The new reactive transport simulator with LS capabilities allows assessing the incremental oil recovery on a per-pattern basis as a function of water chemistry, mineralogy, moveable oil in place, and geological uncertainty of each injector pattern.

Using a synthetic 3D field example, we show how to quantify the incremental injection efficiency (IIE)—incremental volume of oil produced with respect to standard waterflooding per volume of injected low salinity water—for each pattern. We demonstrate the importance of an uncertainty analysis of cation-exchange capacities and low-salinity oil residual saturations on predicted incremental oil recoveries. Our streamline-based reactive transport approach allows to efficiently explore the dependency of oil recovery on injection water chemistry and reservoir clay mineralogy and provides a unique tool for the management and improvement of LS floods via per-pattern incremental injection efficiencies.
Learning Reservoir Dynamics Metrics of Improved Oil Recovery Projects by Harnessing Real-Time Analysis and Data Analytics
Authors: Ordonez Bustamante A. C. , Kabir C. S. , Reza Z. A.
Published: March 2018

Real-time analysis and data analytics have become cornerstones in reservoir management of waterflood operations or conformance program. Connectivity between injector-producer pairs and premature breakthrough of injected water or gas are perennial issues that can make or break the economics of secondary and tertiary recovery projects. In this study, we aim to harness the advances in modern data analytics and real-time analysis to systematically evaluate a suite of standard diagnostics tools and propose novel ones for improved recovery projects. Although the scope of these reservoir dynamics evaluation tools can be extensive, our current investigation utilizes data from the Permian Basin.

A suite of reservoir models under varying conditions involving water injection helped understand and evaluate a number of diagnostics tools and devise new characteristics plots. We performed over 8,000 model runs and used data analytics to assess these tools. These tools include water/oil ratio (WOR) vs. time plot, Chan diagnostics, reciprocal-productivity index (RPI) plot, gas/oil ratio (GOR) vs. time plot, among others. We investigated the well-spacing effect ranging from 20 to 320 acres, grid effects, and heterogeneity effects in evaluating these tools. We also explored heterogeneity measures, such as the Dykstra-Parsons method and an index based on final hydrocarbon pore-volume injection (HCPVI), and ultimate recovery. Both cluster analysis and K-means statistics aided this screening process. This study illuminates initial-RPI (IRPI) that has a linear relationship with the ultimate recovery. Cluster analysis of the spread and uncertainty in final recovery vs. IRPI reveals scale invariance. In other words, this diagnostic plot can correctly identify and cluster the spread in final recovery under various well and reservoir quality scenarios, irrespective of the well spacing. Comparison of the final RPI and that at breakthrough with those at initial conditions suggests that IRPI can be a relevant reservoir performance indicator.

This study shows critical parameters for oil recovery under waterflooding are reservoir flow paths and connectivity between layers, reservoir storativity, fluid properties, the thickness of the oil/water transition zone, and fluid mobilities. We also observed that the water breakthrough time does not show a clear relationship with IRPI. Nonetheless, the HCPVI at breakthrough time exhibited a linear correlation with the ultimate oil recovery. In the absence of water production or the presence of water channeling a linear trend emerges for the final HCPVI plot. Cluster analysis and real-time production data analysis have demonstrated the strength of a new reservoir dynamics indicator plot of ultimate hydrocarbon recovery vs. initial reciprocal productivity index. Combination of this indicator and traditional diagnostics and heterogeneity index can quantify the spread of final recovery efficiently.
Identification, Problem Characterization, Solution Design and Execution for a Waterflood Conformance Problem in the Ekofisk Field - Norway
Authors: Aamodt G. , Abbas S. , Arghir D. V. , Frazer L. C. , Mueller D. T. , Pettersen P. , Prosvirnov M. , Smith D. D. , Jespersen T. , Mebratu A. A.
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses a field case review of the processes used to identify, characterize, design and execute a solution for a waterflood conformance problem in the Ekofisk Field that developed in late 2012. The Ekofisk Field is a highly-fractured Maastrichtian chalk reservoir located in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Large scale water injection in the field began in 1987 and overall the field has responded well to waterflood operations. However, fault reactivation coupled with extensive natural fractures and rock dissolution has resulted in some challenging conformance issues. In late 2014, a solution was executed to control this problem. Details of the diagnostic efforts and how this data was used to identify, characterize and mitigate an injector/producer connection through a void space conduit (VSC) will be outlined and discussed. These diagnostics include pressure transient analysis (PTA), interwell tracers, injection profiles, seismic mapping, fluid rate analysis, fluid composition and temperature monitoring. The importance of this data analysis is the key element necessary to select an effective solution.

The selected approach involved pumping a large tapered nitrified cement treatment into the offending injector, which is believed to be the single largest nitrified cement operation ever pumped within the oil industry. Because of extremely rapid communication with an offset producer, a protective gel was used to reduce the risk of cement entry into that producer. A brief review of alternative mitigation options and the reasons for selecting the nitrified cement treatment will be discussed. Additionally, a complete review of the shutoff technique, product, damage mitigation strategy, and complications associated with timing and coordination in an offshore environment will also be discussed. Finally, a summary of lessons learned, job execution observations, post-treatment performance results over the past three years, and forward plans will be presented. Based on these results it is believed that there are a number of opportunities to add strong value through conformance engineering.
Underlying Mechanisms of Tight Reservoir Wettability and Its Alteration
Authors: Luo Peng , Li Sheng , Knorr Kelvin D. , Nakutnyy Petro
Published: March 2018

The wettability of tight reservoir rock plays a critical role in affecting relative permeability and in turn oil recovery. However, the link between wettability and its effects on oil recovery remains poorly understood, and the potential to boost oil recovery by varying the wettability has not been fully explored. This work was an attempt to conduct a systematic experimental study to improve our understanding of wettability of tight oil reservoirs and the mechanisms of its alteration on oil recovery improvement. Contact angles of individual rock-forming minerals and reservoir rock samples were first measured in brines with different salinities. Then the minerals were aged separately with a medium crude oil with sufficient polar components to investigate their tendency for wettability alteration. As well, oil and water distributions inside tight core samples were scanned by a synchrotron-based computed tomography scanner. Contact angle measurements for all minerals and reservoir rocks showed initial water-wetting behavior. After aging with crude oil for over two months, polar components from the oil adsorbed onto the solid surfaces to alter their wettability to less water wet. Consequently, this wettability alteration contributed to oil and water redistribution and saturation change in reservoir cores.

The experimental findings suggested that the wettability in tight reservoirs is a strong function of rock mineralogy, formation fluid properties, and saturation history. Preliminary numerical simulation revealed how rock wettability alteration could contribute to improved oil recovery through waterflooding.
Novel Insights into Low Salinity Water Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone: The Clay Role Study
Authors: Al-Saedi Hasan N. , Brady Patrick V. , Flori Ralph , Heidari Peyman
Published: March 2018

The ever-growing global energy demand and natural decline in oil production from mature oil fields over the last several decades have been the main incentives to search for methods to increase recovery efficiency. This paper quantifies the clay role and the important role of pH in the water flooding of low salinity water in sandstone with and without clays as a function of temperature. Four chromatography columns containing different amounts of sand, illite, and kaolinite (100% sand; 5% Illite, 95% sand; 5% kaolinite, 95% sand; 2.5% Illite, 2.5% kaolinite, 95% sand) were water flooded with various salinities at four different temperatures 25, 70, 90 and 120 °C. Effluent concentrations of Ca2+ and CH3COO−, and pH were measured. The system was pre-aged for a week at 70 °C with 0.01 molar (M) sodium acetate to simulate the bonding of oil-bound carboxylic acids with the reservoir. Desorption of carboxylic groups from reservoir clay surfaces is thought to be an important control over low salinity EOR water injection and its extent should depend on pH. To quantify the impact of the presence of the clay, a clay-free sample was also used, the acetate release and Ca2+ desorption were in some cases higher than those observed in non-clay free samples. Typically, cores with higher clay content saw a great rise in pH, but the clay-free samples also saw a rise in pH, as great as that of the clay-containing cores.