bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a sustainable and green extraction of curcuminoids using the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia
Authors: Huber Verena , Schmidt Michael , Touraud Didier , Kunz Werner
Published: March 2023

A natural and sustainable alternative to conventional solvents in terms of solubilization and extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. was investigated by examining different naturally occurring aroma compounds and cinnamon oils.
Recent advances in wood-based electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Song , Wan Caichao , Wu Yiqiang
Published: March 2023

The hierarchical structures of wood at different levels from top down, and their functions and applications in freestanding supercapacitor electrodes with multiple dimensions.
Tough polyurethane elastomers with high strength and rapid healing ability
Authors: Qiao Chenghui , Jian Xiurui , Gao Zhengguo , Ban Qingfu , Zhang Xintao , Wang Huimin , Zheng Yaochen
Published: March 2023

Polymers are often susceptible to premature failure due to various physical damages.
Continuous manufacturing of highly stable lead halide perovskite nanocrystals via a dual-reactor strategy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Biesold Gill M. , Zhuang Mingyue , Kang Zhitao , Wagner Brent , Lin Zhiqun
Published: March 2023

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals possess incredible potential as next generation emitters due to their stellar set of optoelectronic properties.
A highly efficient broadband multi-functional metaplate
Authors: Satti Azhar Javed , Naveed Muhammad Ashar , Javed Isma , Mahmood Nasir , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia
Published: March 2023

Due to the considerable potential of ultra-compact and highly integrated meta-optics, multi-functional metasurfaces have attracted great attention.
Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped mesoporous carbon as an efficient metal-free catalyst for selective oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene
Authors: Yu Yi , Zhang Qingxin , Li Jiarui , Xu Li , Liu Guoji
Published: March 2023

N/F co-doped carbon materials prepared with an aniline-type benzoxazine as a carbon precursor show a better catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of 2-methylnapthalene.
Triterpenoid saponins and C21 steroidal glycosides from Gymnema tingens and their glucose uptake activities
Authors: He Jinhua , Tang Ping , Liu Meiyu , Liao Guangfeng , Lu Rumei , Yang Xinzhou
Published: March 2023

Four new triterpenoid saponins, tigensides A–D (1–4), and one new C21 steroid, tipregnane A(9), together with six known compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of the roots and stems of Gymnema tingens.
PSS-dispersed dopamine triggered formation of PAA adhesive hydrogel as flexible wearable sensors
Authors: He Xinyu , Wen Nuan , Zhang Wei , He Shuai , Yang Shuang , Li Xinhua , Chen Chaoxi , Zuo Fang
Published: March 2023

PSS-dispersed dopamine triggered the formation of a DA:PSS/PAA hydrogel, which exhibited good adhesion and could serve as a flexible wearable sensor.
Synthesis of a new magnetic metal organic framework based on nickel for extraction of carvacrol and thymol in thymus and savory samples and analyzed with gas chromatography
Authors: Siahkamari Somaye , Daneshfar Ali
Published: March 2023

The present research aims at reporting a new sorbent, a magnetic nano scale metal–organic framework (MOF), based on nickel acetate and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine.
Construction and verification of vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich Zhundong coal models at the aggregate level: new insights from the spatial arrangement and thermal behavior perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Wang Shaoqing , Zhao Yungang , Liu Yu
Published: March 2023

A high fidelity verification method for a molecular model was proposed to construct the aggregate models of vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich Zhundong coal.
Optimization of a polyvinyl butyral synthesis process based on response surface methodology and artificial neural network
Authors: Luan Wenwen , Sun Li , Zeng Zuoxiang , Xue Weilan
Published: March 2023

In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was selected as the catalyst, and response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to optimize the synthesis process of PVB.
Direct generation of polypyrrole-coated palladium nanoparticles inside a metal-organic framework for a semihydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Takashima Yohei , Tetsusashi Seiko , Tanaka Shintaro , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Akamatsu Kensuke
Published: March 2023

Polypyrrole-coated palladium nanoparticles could be directly generated inside a metal–organic frameworks. The resulting MOF composites exhibited higher semihydrogenation capability than the analog composite without polypyrrole coating.
Combined theoretical and experimental insights on DNA and BSA binding interactions of Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes along with the DPPH method of antioxidant assay and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Acharya Prasun , Kuila Arun , Pramanik Ushasi , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Brandao Paula , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Maity Swapan , Maity Tithi , Maity Ribhu , Chandra Samanta Bidhan
Published: March 2023

Combined theoretical and experimental insights on DNA and BSA binding interactions of Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes along with DPPH method of antioxidant assay and cytotoxicity studies.
Understanding the balance between additives’ miscibility and plasticisation effect in polymer composites: a computational study
Authors: Giunta Giuliana , Smith Lois , Bartha Kristof , Karimi-Varzaneh H. Ali , Carbone Paola
Published: March 2023

Plasticisers are small organic molecules added to polymer composites to modify their processability by adsorbing on the filler's surface or dispersing into the polymer matrix. Here we show how just small topological changes to the molecule’s structure affect miscibility.
Structure-dependent luminescence of Eu3+-doped strontium vanadates synthesized with different V : Sr ratios – application in WLEDs and ultra-sensitive optical thermometry
Authors: Woźny Przemysław , Soler-Carracedo Kevin , Stopikowska Natalia , Martín Inocencio R. , Runowski Marcin
Published: March 2023

Sr3V2O8:Eu3+ exhibits bi-modal, structure-dependent luminescence, and can be applied as an ultra-sensitive temperature sensor based on its spectral shift.
A simple microscopy approach quantifies biomineralized CO2 in Coccolithus braarudii – a calcifying marine phytoplankton
Authors: Morton-Collings Toby , Yang Minjun , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Barton Samuel , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. , Bouman Heather A. , Compton Richard G.
Published: March 2023

This simple microscopic approach reveals a mass-transport limited rate of coccolith auto-dissolution in undersaturated aqueous solution and offers a routine method to quantify the mass of particulate inorganic carbon per coccolith.
Cu/Au nanoclusters with peroxidase-like activity for chemiluminescence detection of α-amylase
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Jia Yuying , Fei Yanqun , Lu Yongzhuang , Liu Xiaoli , Shan Hongyan , Huan Yanfu
Published: March 2023

Schematic description of chemiluminescence determination of α-amylase based on the peroxidase-like activity of Cu/Au NPs.
A three-stage search strategy combining database reduction and retention time filtering to improve the sensitivity of low-input and single-cell proteomic analysis
Authors: Fang Wei , Du Zhuokun , Kong Linlin , Wang Guibin , Zhang Yangjun , Qin Weijie
Published: March 2023

Protein coverage in proteome profiling of low-input and single cell samples has been improved by database reduction and retention time filtering strategies.
Intracellular delivery of bacterial effectors for cancer therapy using biodegradable lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Li Wenting , Shao Leihou , Liu Ji , Sheng Jinhan , Zheng Qizhen , Wang Ming
Published: March 2023

We report herein the delivery of bacterial effector protein DUF5 using bioreducible lipid nanoparticles for mutant RAS degradation and downstream cell signalling reprogramming for cancer therapy.
Optimization of magnetic nanoparticles for engineering erythrocytes as theranostic agents
Authors: Slavu Laura Maria , Antonelli Antonella , Scarpa Emanuele Salvatore , Abdalla Pasant , Wilhelm Claire , Silvestri Niccolò , Pellegrino Teresa , Scheffler Konrad , Magnani Mauro , Rinaldi Rosaria , Di Corato Riccardo
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (based on iron oxide or Zn/Mn ferrite) has been optimized, through the evaluation of different parameters, for encapsulation into human and murine red blood cells.
Gold self-relay catalysis enabling annulative oxygenation of propargylic alcohols with O-nucleophiles
Authors: Hao Meng-Ying , Zhang Yin , Lin Na , Fu Rong , Ji Xiao-Shuang , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu-Jiang , Hao Wen-Juan
Published: March 2023

A new gold(i) self-relay catalysis reaction enabling the annulative oxygenation of propargylic alcohols with various O-nucleophiles, such as carboxylic acids, alcohols and TBHP, is reported, producing a series of functionalized benzofurans.
Selective oxidation of benzylic alcoholsviasynergistic bisphosphonium and cobalt catalysis
Authors: Ding Jia , Luo Shuaishuai , Xu Yuanli , An Qing , Yang Yi , Zuo Zhiwei
Published: March 2023

A synergistic photocatalytic system using a bisphosphonium catalyst and a cobalt catalyst has been developed, enabling the selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols under oxidant-free and environmentally benign conditions.
[Ga@Bi10(NbMes)2]3−: a linear Nb–GaI–Nb filament coordinated by a bismuth cage
Authors: Qiao Lei , Yang Tao , Frenking Gernot , Sun Zhong-Ming
Published: March 2023

A low-valent Ga(i) complex, [Ga@Bi10(NbMes)2]3−, with a linear Nb–Ga–Nb fragment was synthesized by the reaction of K5Ga2Bi4 with NbMes2. This unusual Zintl cluster represents the first compound with Nb–Ga and Nb–Bi bonds.
Photocatalyst-free visible-light-induced highly selective acylation of purine nucleosides at the C6 position
Authors: Li Luohao , Zheng Huiqin , Guo Feixiang , Fang Zehui , Sun Qianqian , Li Jing , Gao Qinghe , Zhang Tao , Fang Lizhen
Published: March 2023

A protocol for visible-light-induced C–H acylation selectively at the C6 position of purine nucleosides with aldehydes under photocatalyst-free conditions was established herein.
Fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites for anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Ye Xiu , Wang Sai , Zhou Peng , Zhang Dongyang , Zhu Pengli
Published: March 2023

The development of eco-friendly anti-counterfeiting materials with high optical transparency and bright luminescence in the aggregate state is tremendously challenging.
First principles of hydrazine electrooxidation at oxide-free and oxide-based palladium electrodes in complex media
Authors: Zolotukhina E. V. , Butyrskaya E. V. , Koch M. , Herbeck-Engel P. , Levchenko M. G. , Silina Y. E.
Published: March 2023

Key parameters affecting hydrazine electrooxidation: electroactive surface area (1)? or surface chemistry (2)?
Nanoscale control and tri-element co-doping of 4.6 V LiCoO2 with excellent rate capability and long-cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Xun , Fang Zixuan , Hu Xin , Fu Bowen , Feng Tingting , Li Teng , Wu Mengqiang
Published: March 2023

Nanosizing and tri-element co-doping synergistically enhance the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 at high voltage.
A chemiluminescent lantern: a coordination cage catalysed oxidation of luminol followed by chemiluminescence resonance energy-transfer
Authors: Solea Atena B. , Ward Michael D.
Published: March 2023

Catalysed oxidation of luminol by H2O2 inside the cavity of a coordination cage is facilitated by a Co(ii)/Co(iii) redox couple from the cage superstructure.
Thermal behavior of astrophysical amorphous molecular ices
Authors: Gudipati Murthy S. , Fleury Benjamin , Wagner Robert , Henderson Bryana L. , Altwegg Kathrin , Rubin Martin
Published: March 2023

Cometary ice analogs: amorphous H2O ice can trap other molecules up to ∼30% by number, which are outgassed during ice crystallization (130 K to 150 K). Beyond 160 K, crystalline ice sublimes with only a minor fraction (<1%) of other molecules with it.
In situ Sn isotope analysis of cassiterite (SnO2) by nanosecond laser ablation MC-ICP-MS
Authors: She Jia-Xin , Li Weiqiang , An Shichao , Yang Tao , Zhang Rongqing
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a new analytical protocol for in situ Sn isotope analysis of cassiterite using a nanosecond laser ablation system and a natural cassiterite reference material.
Sustainable solutions for removing aged wax-based coatings from cultural heritage: exploiting hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
Authors: Biribicchi Chiara , Macchia Andrea , Favero Gabriele , Strangis Romina , Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , La Russa Mauro Francesco
Published: March 2023

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as suitable alternatives to toxic solvents used in the conservation of Cultural Heritage sector.
A multifunctional silver@titanium dioxide composite cloth for oil and water separation
Authors: Wu Linshan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: March 2023

Due to the special properties of nano TiO2/Ag, MSTCC with variable wettability has the characteristics of self-cleaning and anti-fouling.
An “AIE + ESIPT” mechanism-based benzothiazole-derived fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+and its applications
Authors: Huang Yanru , Li Ying , Li Yang , Zhong Keli , Tang Lijun
Published: March 2023

A simple “AIE + ESIPT” mechanism-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+detection has been developed. The probe is applicable to detect Hg2+in living cells, natural water, and seafood samples.
Utility of redox-active ligands for reversible multi-electron transfer in uranyl(vi) complexes
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Tsushima Satoru , Takao Koichiro
Published: March 2023

Three uranyl(vi) complexes with redox-active ligands showed reversible multi-step redox processes. Their redox centers are always the coordinating ligand and the centered U exhibits redox-innocent behavior.
Waste-biomass-derived activated carbon supported Co–Cu–P nanocatalysts for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane
Authors: Wei Lei , Lu Yanhong , Lu Ruixuan , Cui Yuxin
Published: March 2023

Biomass activated carbon was prepared using waste ginkgo leaves and then used as a support material for a Co0.8Cu0.2P nanocatalyst, and the obtained catalyst presents excellent performance for ammonia borane hydrolysis to generate hydrogen.
Multiple stable redox states and tunable ground states via the marriage of viologens and Chichibabin's hydrocarbon
Authors: Dai Yuyang , Xie Zhuofeng , Bao Manling , Liu Chunmeng , Su Yuanting
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report the isolation of bis-BN-based species 1 and 2 with multiple stable redox states. Their ground states are tunable with 1 as a closed-shell singlet and 2 as an open-shell singlet with a small singlet-triplet gap.
A green process for the synthesis of porous TiO2 from ilmenite ore using molten salt alkali decomposition for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Saida Shaik , Gorai Deepak Kumar , Kundu Tarun Kumar
Published: March 2023

A new eco-friendly process for the synthesis of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using ilmenite feedstocks has been investigated.
Circular valorization of coffee silverskin through supercritical CO2 for the production of functional extracts
Authors: Marzorati Stefania , Jiménez-Quero Amparo , Massironi Alessio , Nasti Rita , Verotta Luisella
Published: March 2023

Supercritical CO2 efficiently extracts classes of polar compounds connected with the relevance of silverskin's phytochemical profile, justifying the valorization of this coffee waste towards added value products.
Chemical-vapor-deposited 2D VSe2 nanosheet with threshold switching behaviors for Boolean logic calculations and leaky integrate-and-fire functions
Authors: Zhong Lun , Xie Wanxuan , Yin Jinxiang , Jie Wenjing
Published: March 2023

Reliable threshold switching behaviors can be observed in VSe2 nanosheets after an annealing method owing to the phase transition from the 1T to 2H. The VSe2 memristor can be employed to perform Boolean logic calculations and simulate LIF functions.
A graph‐based edge attention gate medical image segmentation method
Authors: Hao Dechen , Li Hualing
Published: March 2023

For the purpose of solving the problems of missing edges and low segmentation accuracy in medical image segmentation, a medical image segmentation network (EAGC_UNet++) based on residual graph convolution UNet++ with edge attention gate (EAG) is proposed in the study. With UNet++ as the backbone network, the idea of graph theory is introduced into the model. First, the dropout residual graph convolution block (DropRes_GCN Block) and the traditional convolution structure in UNet++ are used as encoders. Second, EAGs are adopted so that the model pays more attention to image edge features during decoding. Finally, aiming at the imbalance problem of positive and negative samples in medical image segmentation, a new weighted loss function is introduced to enhance segmentation accuracy. In the experimental part, three datasets (LiTS2017, ISIC2018, COVID‐19 CT scans) were used to evaluate the performances of various models; multiple groups of ablation experiments were designed to verify the effectiveness of each part of the model. The experimental results showed that EAGC_UNet++ had better segmentation performance than the other models under three quantitative evaluation indicators and better solved the problem of missing edges in medical image segmentation.
A novel variational Bayesian adaptive Kalman filter with mismatched process noise covariance matrix
Authors: Liu Xinrui , Xu Hong , Zheng Daikun , Quan Yinghui
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a novel variational Bayesian (VB) adaptive Kalman filter with mismatched process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). Firstly, this paper explains the reason why the predicted error covariance matrix (PECM) is chosen for variational inference. Secondly, compared with the earlier VB adaptive Kalman filter (VB‐AKF‐Q), the proposed filter calculate the dynamic model of the PECM with its historical estimation information. Therefore, the proposed filter can overcome the influence of mismatched PNCM on the initial value setting of PECM in the VB‐AKF‐Q. Finally, we use the evidence lower bound for the proposed filter and give the convergence criterion on this basis. Some examples with a target tracking simulation are carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed filter.
Neural posterior estimation for exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval
Authors: Vasist Malavika , Rozet François , Absil Olivier , Mollière Paul , Nasedkin Evert , Louppe Gilles
Published: March 2023

Context. Retrieving the physical parameters from spectroscopic observations of exoplanets is key to understanding their atmospheric properties. Exoplanetary atmospheric retrievals are usually based on approximate Bayesian inference and rely on sampling-based approaches to compute parameter posterior distributions. Accurate or repeated retrievals, however, can result in very long computation times due to the sequential nature of sampling-based algorithms.

Aims. We aim to amortize exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval using neural posterior estimation (NPE), a simulation-based inference algorithm based on variational inference and normalizing flows. In this way, we aim (i) to strongly reduce inference time, (ii) to scale inference to complex simulation models with many nuisance parameters or intractable likelihood functions, and (iii) to enable the statistical validation of the inference results.

Methods. We evaluated NPE on a radiative transfer model for exoplanet spectra (petitRADTRANS), including the effects of scattering and clouds. We trained a neural autoregressive flow to quickly estimate posteriors and compared against retrievals computed with MultiNest.

Results. We find that NPE produces accurate posterior approximations while reducing inference time down to a few seconds. We demonstrate the computational faithfulness of our posterior approximations using inference diagnostics including posterior predictive checks and coverage, taking advantage of the quasi-instantaneous inference time of NPE. Our analysis confirms the reliability of the approximate posteriors produced by NPE.

Conclusions. The inference results produced by NPE appear to be accurate and reliable, establishing this algorithm as a promising approach for atmospheric retrieval. Its main benefits come from the amortization of posterior inference: once trained, inference does not require on-the-fly simulations and can be repeated several times for many observations at a very low computational cost. This enables efficient, scalable, and testable atmospheric retrieval.
Robust construction of differential emission measure profiles using a regularized maximum likelihood method
Authors: Massa Paolo , Emslie A. Gordon , Hannah Iain G. , Kontar Eduard P.
Published: March 2023

Context.Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) observations provide considerable insight into evolving physical conditions in the active solar atmosphere. For a prescribed density and temperature structure, it is straightforward to construct the corresponding differential emission measure profileξ(Τ), such thatξ(Τ) dTis proportional to the emissivity from plasma in the temperature range [T,T+ dT]. Here we study the inverse problem of obtaining a validξ(T) profile from a set of EUV spectral line intensities observed at a pixel within a solar image.

Aims.Our goal is to introduce and develop a regularized maximum likelihood (RML) algorithm designed to address the mathematically ill-posed problem of constructing differential emission measure profiles from a discrete set of EUV intensities in specified wavelength bands, specifically those observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory.

Methods.The RML method combines features of maximum likelihood and regularized approaches used by other authors. It is also guaranteed to produce a positive definite differential emission measure profile.

Results.We evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the method against other published algorithms, using both simulated data generated from parametric differential emission profile forms, and AIA data from a solar eruptive event on 2010 November 3. Similarities and differences between the differential emission measure profiles and maps reconstructed by the various algorithms are discussed.

Conclusions.The RML inversion method is mathematically rigorous, computationally efficient, and produces acceptable measures of performance in the following three key areas: fidelity to the data, accuracy in the reconstruction, and robustness in the presence of data noise. As such, it shows considerable promise for computing differential emission measure profiles from datasets of discrete spectral lines.
Assessing the long-term stability of laser enhanced contact optimization (LECO) treated PERC cells in PV modules by extended indoor and outdoor durability tests
Authors: Krassowski Eve , Jaeckel Bengt , Pander Matthias , Daßler David , Malik Stephanie
Published: March 2023

It was previously shown that the Laser Enhanced Contact Optimization (LECO) Process is a promising boost for PERC and TOPCon cell manufacturing enhancement. In this contribution, a method is developed to assess the long-term stability of industrial LECO treated PERC cells in a module compound. Therefore, extended accelerated aging tests as well as outdoor measurements were performed on modules comprising LECO treated cells as well as untreated references. It is described, how data can be evaluated to separate typical, known aging and degradation effects from presumable LECO specific effects. The results of this work show that test modules comprising LECO treated cells did not show a different behavior in the accelerated aging or degradation compared to the reference. The same conclusion was found for thermal cycling and damp heat tests, both far in excess of IEC requirements, as well as in a sequential test sequence. In addition, their outdoor performance with local and integral measurements has been evaluated. We can conclude that for the tested PERC cells, aging and degradation effects appeared, but none of them could be attributed to the LECO process. Hence, improvements in the efficiency and/or yield on cell level due to LECO can be translated to the module or even system level considering typical aging and degradation behavior, independently of a prior LECO process.
Collective biological computation in metabolic economy
Authors: Korošak Dean , Postić Sandra , Stožer Andraž , Slak Rupnik Marjan
Published: March 2023

Presented with sensory challenges, living cells employ extensive noisy, fluctuating signaling and communication among themselves to compute a physiologically proper response. Using coupled stochastic oscillators model, we propose that biological computation mechanism undertaken by insulin secreting beta-cells consists of a combination of dual intracellular Ca2+release processes to ensure multilayered exploration contributing to enhanced robustness and sensitivity. The computational output is macroscopically observed as disorder-order phase transition in a collective beta-cell response to increases in nutrient concentrations. Our own experimental data and analogies from previously described examples of biological computation suggest that the initial limited response to nutrients may be followed by an adaptive phase to expand the sensory spectrum and consolidate memory.
A study on mechanical and microstructure behaviour of carbon and glass fibre reinforced Al 2024-T3 laminated composite
Authors: Saravanan Gurunathan , Bhaskar G. B. , Elaiyarasan Uthirapathi , Alagu Raman Mookkan
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, usages of laminated composites have been extended to various applications such as automotive, aircraft and aerospace due to its high strength-weight ratio. Generally, aluminium alloys are developed using various casting techniques to achieve the required properties. However, laminated aluminium composites have received great attention among the scientist due to the weight reduction, the damping capacity they offer etc. In this present investigation, carbon and glass fibre laminated aluminium (Al2024-T3) composites are prepared by hand lay-up technique. Different form of aluminium structure namely sheet and mesh are used to fabricate − the composites. Different composites are prepared namely carbon fibre aluminium sheet laminate (CFASL), carbon fibre aluminium mesh laminate (CFAML), glass fibre aluminium sheet laminate (GFASL) and carbon fibre aluminium mesh laminate (GFAML). Effects of reinforcement of fibre on tensile, bending and flexural strength are studied. The microstructure of the composites is captured using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the failure mechanism. It was revealed that the CFASL and CFAML offered superior mechanical properties compared to the GFASL and GFAML. Higher tensile, bending and flexural strengths were obtained with carbon fibre and aluminium sheet laminated composites. They withstand the higher stresses due to less debonding and matrix cracking. Debonding and fibre breaking mechanisms observed in the glass fibre laminated composites caused reduced strength. CFASL composites showed superior mechanical properties followed by CFAML, GFASL and GFAML.
Is ethics a logic? Sergei Rubinstein’s interpretation of Hermann Cohen’s ideas
Authors: Shevtsov Alexandr
Published: March 2023

In Sergei L. Rubinstein’s article “On the Philosophical System of H. Cohen” (1918), Hermann Cohen’s judgments on ethics and logic and their partly problematic relationship are considered. On the basis of historical and philosophical research into the epistemological views of Cohen I show the interaction between the ideas of Rubinstein and Neo-Kantianism. Common features of the following concepts are revealed: criticism, installation of logic, aspiration to prove philosophy a science with the help either of mathematics or the confirmation of its origin (Ursprung). Insofar as the problem of ethics plays a central role in his account, thanks to the inclusiveness in history, Rubinstein argues that ethics has the same objectivity as logic. The central problem of ethics both in Kant and in Cohen (and indeed in Rubinstein) lies in the nature of the person. In Rubinstein’s work, the answer to the main issue of ethics opens up the world of Ideas. The Ideas and logical content of consciousness constitute the person, just as in Cohen’s work ethics “generates” the person and the world. In this regard Rubinstein believed that Cohen had adopted a distinctive feature of the interpretation of ethics and freedom from Kant. Before presenting this background, an attempt is made to update the historical and philosophical value of the ideas of Rubinstein, clarifying the essence of the objects of ethics and logic.
Kant and the heuristic function of images: The poetics of scientific investigation
Authors: Kauark-Leite Patrícia
Published: March 2023

My reflections center upon the heuristic function of images in the creative process of producing scientific knowledge. I take as a starting point Leonel Ribeiro dos Santos’s idea of a transcendental heuristic in order to discuss the creative and original strength of scientific genius, here considered as talent or ability by means of which the intuitive faculty of imagination is placed at the service of the conceptual faculty of reason. My goal is to present the outlines of a transcendental theory that is consistent with the heuristic use of both concepts and images. My aim is not to adhere to the letter, but instead to the spirit, of Kantian philosophy in order to understand, in the context of contemporary physical theories, especially quantum theory, the non-representational function of intuitive images for explaining concepts that do not conform to any intuition. As applied to the specific case of quantum mechanics, I hold that the free play of imagination and understanding or reason is not restricted to the aesthetics of taste and the artistic production of artworks only, but is also extended to the cognitive and scientific production of theories. In my view, it is precisely this creative, fictional dimension of scientific theories that constitutes Kantian radical enlightenment in the case of scientific knowledge. Thus “Dare to know!” is also “Dare to create!”.
Origins of morality. Kant and modern cognitive science
Authors: Zaitseva Natalia V.
Published: March 2023

The origins of morality, the role of emotions in moral behaviour and other related issues nowadays agitate philosophers as well as natural and cognitive scientists. They investigate the seemingly ‘moral’ and ‘reasonable’ behaviour of social animals, which raises the question of the nature of morality in a new perspective, and thus motivates an appeal to Kant’s moral philosophy. It is noteworthy that Kant did not connect morality exclusively with human nature. Linking moral principles with pure reason, he considered morality as an a priori condition of the moral behaviour of every rational being. In this article, I attempt to compare Kant’s moral rationalism to the ethical doctrine of enactivism. I would suggest that, despite obvious differences, these concepts are quite compatible as indicated by the empirical data of modern life sciences. The result of the combination of these conceptions can be a hybrid position based on the recognition of the necessary character of morality, due to the reasonable structure of the world. In the first section, I consider the Kantian rational interpretation of morality. The second section provides an outline of the enactivist approach. The third part focuses on the contribution that modern natural science can make to the analysis of moral behaviour. In conclusion, I recap major findings and reiterate my position.
Comment lutter contre les effets négatifs de la fatigue mentale : une revue narrative
Authors: Jacquet Thomas , Poulin-Charronnat Bénédicte , Lepers Romuald
Published: March 2023

La fatigue mentale est un phénomène physiologique qui induit une altération des performances cognitives et physiques. De nombreuses études ont été conduites ces dernières années afin de savoir comment prévenir ou limiter et/ou compenser les effets délétères liés à la fatigue mentale. L’objectif de cette revue narrative de la littérature est de proposer une synthèse de tous les travaux réalisés jusqu’alors. Une grande disparité sur les méthodes employées est à noter que ce soit concernant les stratégies utilisées (bioactives versus non bioactives) ou les moments d’intervention (avant, pendant ou après la réalisation d’une tâche mentalement fatigante). La caféine, qui est la substance la plus étudiée, semble particulièrement efficace pour lutter contre la fatigue mentale avec des effets bénéfiques sur des marqueurs subjectifs, physiologiques ou comportementaux. D’autres stratégies comme l’utilisation de créatine, l’écoute de musique ou la pratique d’une activité physique semblent également prometteuses. Les effets bénéfiques des différentes stratégies ont été attribués à leur effet positif sur la motivation et/ou leur effet stimulant sur le système dopaminergique. De futures études restent cependant nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine des effets bénéfiques des différentes stratégies proposées.
Untere und mittlere gastrointestinale Blutung
Authors: Albert Jörg G. , Grün Kira , Sarrazin Christoph
Published: March 2023

Blutungen aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt werden in obere, mittlere und untere gastrointestinale Blutung unterschieden. Die Diagnostik kann eine Herausforderung sein und ist eine Domäne der Koloskopie, der Kapselendoskopie oder der flexiblen Enteroskopieverfahren. Als endoskopische Therapieoptionen stehen die Injektionstherapie, Metallclips, eine thermische Behandlung sowie die Gummibandligatur zur Verfügung, eine chirurgische Resektion ist nur selten erforderlich.
The Utility of a “Second-Look” Debridement Following Endonasal Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Chang Michael T. , Huang Alice E. , Quon Jennifer L. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Wen Christopher Z. , Eide Jacob G. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Qian Z Jason , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Adappa Nithin D. , Patel Zara M.
Published: March 2023

Background Sinonasal debridement is typically performed in the weeks following endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS). In the pediatric population, this second-look procedure may require general anesthesia; however, there is currently little evidence assessing the benefit of this practice.

Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of pediatric patients (age <18 years) undergoing a planned second-look debridement under general anesthesia following ESBS. Intraoperative findings, interventions performed, and perioperative complications were reviewed. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify associations between intraoperative findings and clinical factors.

Results We reviewed 69 cases of second-look debridements (age mean 8.6 ± 4.2 years, range: 2–18 years), occurring a mean of 18.3 ± 10.3 days following ESBS. All abnormal findings were noted in patients age ≤12 years. Synechiae were noted in 8.7% of cases, bacterial rhinosinusitis in 2.9%, and failed reconstruction with cerebrospinal fluid leak in 4.5% (two cases of flap malposition and one case of flap necrosis). All failed reconstructions were noted following expanded endonasal cases for craniopharyngioma, and in each case, a revision reconstruction was performed during the second-look surgery. Synechiae were not significantly associated with younger age, revision cases, or cases with reconstructive flaps. There were no perioperative complications.

Conclusion Second-look debridement under general anesthesia may be useful in the identification and intervention of sinonasal pathology following endoscopic skull base surgery, particularly in children ≤12 years old or those with pedicled flap reconstructions. Larger controlled studies are warranted to validate this practice and refine indications and timing of this second procedure.
High Efficacy and Low Early Mortality in High-Volume Center Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Authors: Götte Julia , Zittermann Armin , Schramm René , Bleiziffer Sabine , Deutsch Markus André , Renner André , Gummert Jan F.
Published: March 2023

Background Isolated tricuspid valve surgery has been associated with early mortality rates of up to 10%. With rapidly emerging interventional catheter-based options, the question arises whether current technical and perioperative protocols in cardiac surgery translate into lower than previously expected mortality rates, especially when looking at data from high-volume centers.

Methods We performed a retrospective single-center analysis in 369 patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve repair (n = 256) or replacement (n = 113) between 2009 and 2021. Surgical approaches included full sternotomy, as well as right-sided minithoracotomy. According to a recently introduced clinical risk score, patients were divided into scoring groups, and observed (O) versus expected (E) early mortality were compared. Pre- and postoperative tricuspid valve function was also analyzed.

Results Overall, 30-day mortality was 4.1%, ranging from 0% (scoring group 0–1 points) to 8.7% (scoring group ≥ 10 points), which was substantially lower than the expected early mortality (2% in the lowest to 34% in the highest scoring group). Preoperative tricuspid regurgitation was severe in 71.3% (n = 263), moderate to severe in 14.9% (n = 55), and mild or less in 6.5% (n = 24). The corresponding postoperative values were 0% (n = 0), 1.4% (n = 5), and 81.6% (n = 301).

Conclusion Our high-volume center data indicate substantially lower than predicted 30-day mortality in different cardiac surgical risk scoring groups. The majority of patients had zero to minimal residual tricuspid valve insufficiency postoperatively. Randomized controlled trials are needed to compare tricuspid valve functional results and long-term outcomes of surgical versus interventional procedures in patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve procedures.
Prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a middle-aged and older population
Authors: Jiang Ting , Yang Tuo , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Zhang Yuqing , Zeng Chao , Sarmanova Aliya , Yang Zidan , Li Jiatian , Wang Yilun , Wang Yuqing , Obotiba Abasiama D. , Lei Guanghua , Wei Jie
Published: March 2023

Objective Synovial abnormalities are modifiable targets for hand pain and osteoarthritis. We examined the prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a community-derived sample of older people in China.

Methods Within the Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study, a community-based study, we assessed synovial hypertrophy (SH), joint effusion, and Power Doppler signal (PDS) on all fingers and thumbs of both hands using standardized ultrasound examinations (score: 0–3). We assessed distribution patterns of SH and effusion using χ2-test and interrelationships of SH and effusion in different joints and hands by generalized estimating equations.

Results Among 3,623 participants (mean age: 64.4 years; women: 58.1%), prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS were 85.5%, 87.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS increased with age, was higher in the right hand than in the left hand and was more common in proximal than in distal hand joints. SH and effusion often occurred in multiple joints (P < 0.001). SH in one joint was strongly associated with presence of SH in the same joint of the opposite hand (odds ratio [OR]= 6.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.19–7.03) followed by SH in other joints in the same row, (OR=5.70, 95%CI: 5.32–6.11), and then other joints in the same ray of the same hand (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.39–1.60). Similar patterns were observed for effusion.

Conclusion Hand synovial abnormalities are common among older people, often affect multiple hand joints and present a unique pattern. These findings suggest both systemic and mechanical factors play roles in their occurrence.
Targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Pathway: Precision Medicine for Biliary Cancer and Beyond
Authors: Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano , Borad Mitesh J.
Published: March 2023

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) inhibitors are now being included in the treatment guidelines of multiple countries for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Activation of the FGF–FGFR pathway is related to proliferation and tumor progression. Targeting the FGF–FGFR pathway is effective and can yield durable responses in patients with CCA harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. In this review article, we address molecules and clinical trials evaluating FGFR inhibitors in advanced CCA. We will further discuss identified mechanisms of resistance and the strategies to overcome it. The incorporation of next-generation sequencing in advanced CCA and circulating tumor DNA on disease progression will unveil mechanisms of resistance and improve the development of future clinical trials and more selective drugs and combinations.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement via Metal Carbenes
Authors: Teng Ming-Yu , Ye Long-Wu , Shi Chong-Yang , Zhou Bo
Published: March 2023

The [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement is a widely used transformation in synthetic organic chemistry. However, enantioselective versions are relatively limited and most of them rely on substrate-induced methodologies. In recent years, metal carbene chemistry has been extensively investigated, and the related asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement has experienced rapid development by employing ylide intermediates generated from the reaction of metal carbenes with heteroatoms. This review summarizes recent advances in the asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-type rearrangement via metal carbenes by presenting their product diversity, selectivity, and mechanistic rationale, which is organized based on the mode of chirality control.

1 Introduction

2 Substrate-Induced Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement

3 Catalyst-Controlled Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Direct 2-Pyridyl-Alkylation of Benzyne with N-Alkylpyridinium Salts
Authors: Xia Ji-Bao , Su Yijin , Guo Ning-Xin
Published: March 2023

A 2-pyridyl-alkylation of benzyne using N-alkylpyridinium salts has been developed under either photochemical or thermal conditions. This metal-free dicarbofunctionalization of benzyne undergoes a de Mayo-type process including cascade dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition and rearomative ring-opening reaction. An electron-deficient N-cyclic alkyl group was necessary. A formal ortho-C–H arylation of pyridine has been achieved.
Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Replication Trial with 6 Months' Follow-up
Authors: Mandal Sanjukta , Ghosh Shubhamoy , Das Aakash Deep , Biswas Bikash , Palanisamy Chithra , Guha Nilanjana , Maiti Shukdeb , Dutta Souvik , Singh Navin Kumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: March 2023

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease that can have a significant impact on quality of life. During the last four decades, a rising trend in AD has been observed in India. Homeopathic medicines are claimed to be beneficial in AD; however, convincing research evidence has been lacking. We compared the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) against placebos in the treatment of AD.

Methods In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 6 months' duration (n = 60), adult patients were randomized to receive either IHMs (n = 30) or identical-looking placebos (n = 30). All participants received concomitant conventional care, which included the application of olive oil and maintaining local hygiene. The primary outcome measure was disease severity using the Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) scale; secondary outcomes were the Atopic Dermatitis Burden Scale for Adults (ADBSA) and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) – all were measured at baseline and every month, up to 6 months. Group differences were calculated on the intention-to-treat sample.

Results After 6 months of intervention, inter-group differences became statistically significant on PO-SCORAD, the primary outcome (−18.1; 95% confidence interval, −24.0 to −12.2), favoring IHMs against placebos (F
1, 52 = 14.735; p <0.001; two-way repeated measures analysis of variance). Inter-group differences for the secondary outcomes favored homeopathy, but were overall statistically non-significant (ADBSA: F
1, 52 = 0.019; p = 0.891; DLQI: F
1, 52 = 0.692; p = 0.409).

Conclusion IHMs performed significantly better than placebos in reducing the severity of AD in adults, though the medicines had no overall significant impact on AD burden or DLQI.
Gender Inequity in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Fennern Erin B. , Stein Sharon L.
Published: March 2023

Women in surgery continue to face inequitable treatment from surgical leadership, their peers, hospital staff, and even from their patients. Despite this, women surgeons continue to produce equal, or improved, clinical outcomes for their patients, with their work being given less remuneration than that of their male peers. The cultural stereotypes and biases that drive these inequities are implicit and subtle; however, they have dramatic effects on the lives and careers of women surgeons.
Intestinal Malrotation in Children: Clinical Presentation and Outcomes
Authors: Salehi Karlslätt Karin , Husberg Britt , Ullberg Ulla , Nordenskjöld Agenta , Wester Tomas
Published: March 2023

Introduction Intestinal malrotation (IM) is characterized by abnormal intestinal rotation and fixation predisposing to a risk of midgut volvulus. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and outcome of IM from birth through childhood.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of children with IM managed at a single center between 1983 and 2016. Data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed.

Results Three hundred nineteen patients were eligible for the study. Using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 138 children were included. Vomiting was the most common symptom up to 5 years of age. At 6 to 15 years of age, abdominal pain was the predominant symptom. One hundred twenty-five patients underwent a Ladd's procedure and of 124 patients with available data, 20% had a postoperative complication (Clavien-Dindo IIIb-V) within 30 days. The odds ratio to develop postoperative complications was significantly increased in extremely preterm patients (p = 0.001) and in patients with severely affected intestinal circulation (p = 0.006). Two patients had intestinal failure due to midgut loss after midgut volvulus, one of whom needed intestinal transplantation. Four patients, all extremely preterm, died related to the surgical procedure. In addition, seven patients died of reasons not related to IM. Fourteen patients (11%) had adhesive bowel obstruction and one patient had recurrent midgut volvulus requiring surgical treatment.

Conclusions IM presents with different symptoms through childhood depending on age. Postoperative complications are common after Ladd's procedure, particularly among extremely preterm infants and patients with severely affected circulation caused by midgut volvulus.