bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fauna Europaea – all European animal species on the web
Authors: de Jong Yde , Verbeek Melina , Michelsen Verner , Bjørn Per de Place , Los Wouter , Steeman Fedor , Bailly Nicolas , Basire Claire , Chylarecki Przemek , Stloukal Eduard , Hagedorn Gregor , Wetzel Florian , Glöckler Falko , Kroupa Alexander , Korb Günther , Hoffmann Anke , Häuser Christoph , Kohlbecker Andreas , Müller Andreas , Güntsch Anton , Stoev Pavel , Penev Lyubomir
Published: September 2014

Fauna Europaea is Europe's main zoological taxonomic index, making the scientific names and distributions of all living, currently known, multicellular, European land and freshwater animals species integrally available in one authoritative database. Fauna Europaea covers about 260,000 taxon names, including 145,000 accepted (sub)species, assembled by a large network of (>400) leading specialists, using advanced electronic tools for data collations with data quality assured through sophisticated validation routines. Fauna Europaea started in 2000 as an EC funded FP5 project and provides a unique taxonomic reference for many user-groups such as scientists, governments, industries, nature conservation communities and educational programs. Fauna Europaea was formally accepted as an INSPIRE standard for Europe, as part of the European Taxonomic Backbone established in PESI.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web portal at faunaeur.org with links to other key biodiversity services, is installed as a taxonomic backbone in wide range of biodiversity services and actively contributes to biodiversity informatics innovations in various initiatives and EC programs.
De la lutte contre la vulnérabilité aux transferts d'argent. La migration des travailleuses domestiques au prisme du dispositif migratoire philippin
Authors: Debonneville Julien
Published: September 2014

Cette contribution a pour objectif d’étudier l’industrie migratoire aux Philippines et les pratiques de l’État philippin comme courtier de la migration. À partir de l’étude de la migration des travailleuses domestiques philippines, cet article tente de comprendre comment cette industrie fonctionne et les raisons de son succès. Plus précisément, nous examinerons les techniques et procédures de l’État philippin dans la formation, la régulation et la promotion de la migration des travailleuses domestiques. Nous montrerons que le devenir d’une travailleuse domestique est basé sur des normes d’adaptation, de docilité, et de servitude enseignées lors des formations obligratoires et que ces mêmes normes sont inextricablement liées aux enjeux des transferts d’argent. L’article met ainsi en évidence le rôle ambigu du gouvernement en tant que protecteur et courtier de la migration dans la formation de travailleuses domestiques.
Les transferts financiers, un enjeu de reproduction sociale pour les enfants de la petite bourgeoisie bamakoise installés à Paris
Authors: Mahut David
Published: September 2014

Cet article est tiré d’une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2007 et 2012 auprès de migrants bamakois et diplômés résidant à Paris. L’analyse porte sur les enjeux sociologiques des transferts financiers pour ces migrants issus de la petite bourgeoisie urbaine. Il apparaît notamment que les envois d’argent de la France vers le Mali ne sont pas sans rapport avec la notion de dette intergénérationnelle. Ils permettent de devenir un membre actif du collectif familial et d’acquérir le statut d’adulte. De surcroît, la hauteur de la dette entre les générations ne se fixe pas au hasard, mais selon le milieu social d’origine des enquêtés. Ici, les transferts financiers visent à maintenir, voire améliorer, la condition socio-économique de leur famille à Bamako. Ils sont un enjeu de reproduction sociale.
The Influence of Top Management Team Characteristics on the Presence of Women on Corporate Board
Authors: Dang Rey , Vo Linh Chi
Published: September 2014

Ces dernières années, la diversité des genres au sein des conseils d’administration et plus généralement dans les organisations a suscité un vif intérêt tant dans le débat public, que dans la recherche ou encore en stratégie d’entreprise. Dans la littérature, de nombreuses études ont tenté d’expliquer les obstacles auxquels sont confrontées les femmes afin de pouvoir siéger au sein des conseils d’administration, ainsi que les facteurs facilitant leur progression. Toutefois, il n’existe pas d’étude particulière examinant la relation qui peut exister entre la présence des femmes au sein des conseils d’administration et les caractéristiques de l’équipe dirigeante (représentée par les administrateurs). Nous pensons qu’il s’agit d’un sujet central. La recherche montrant l’influence des caractéristiques de l’équipe dirigeante sur différents aspects organisationnels est foisonnante. Nous présumons que ces caractéristiques ont un impact sur la présence des femmes au sein des conseils d’administration. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous étudions les caractéristiques démographiques de l’équipe dirigeante (âge et ancienneté dans la fonction), son hétérogénéité (en termes d’âge, d’ancienneté au sein du conseil d’administration, de niveau de formation, de position ou de rang hiérarchique au sein de l’organisation) et la présence des femmes dans les conseils d’administration des entreprises du SBF 120. Compte tenu des spécificités du contexte français, il nous faut prendre en compte le poids des « Grandes écoles » et des « Grands corps de l’État » dans les caractéristiques de l’équipe dirigeante.
Le luxe et Internet : évolutions d'un paradoxe
Authors: Geerts Angy , Veg-Sala Nathalie
Published: September 2014

A lors que le luxe se caractérise par une image de rareté et de sélectivité, Internet repose sur le principe de diffusion et d’accessibilité. Face à cette opposition, les marques de luxe ont longtemps été sceptiques quant à la création d’un site qui leur serait propre et dans lequel elles pourraient informer, communiquer voire vendre. Ce scepticisme se renforçait par les études menées dans les années 1990 et au début des années 20 0 0 sur les perceptions des consommateurs et des managers. Mais 20 ans après, face aux évolutions socioculturelles et technologiques, très peu de travaux ont été menés sur le sujet ; la dernière recherche de référence datant de 20 03. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’évolution des perceptions des managers et des consommateurs face à l’utilisation d’Internet dans le luxe. Sur la base d’une revue des travaux fondateurs sur ces thématiques et d’une triple méthodologie, comprenant des analyses qualitative, quantitative et de contenu, cette recherche discute des principales évolutions de la relation entre le monde du luxe et celui d’Internet et ce, à trois niveaux : les perceptions des consommateurs, les perceptions des managers et le contenu des sites des marques de luxe. Une réelle accélération de l’acceptation d’Internet est mise en évidence et le paradoxe entre luxe et Internet tend à se déplacer progressivement vers les questions de la mise en place de l’e-commerce.
La survie des intermédiaires face au circuit court : le cas des grossistes en fruits et légumes
Authors: Michel Sophie
Published: September 2014

Cet article traite du phénomène de désintermédiation posé du point de vue de la survie des intermédiaires de la distribution Business to Business (BtoB). Le phénomène étudié est celui de la plateformisation de la Grande Distribution dans le domaine particulier des grossistes à service complet en fruits et légumes (Gasc en F& L). Ce travail repose sur la théorie néo-institutionnelle pour mettre en évidence l’impact des pressions « régulatrices » sur les prix lors de la désintermédiation puis des nouvelles pressions « normatives » sur la qualité qui permettent aux Gasc en F& L de remporter une nouvelle légitimité. Cette communication est ainsi une contribution originale pour le champ de la distribution en abordant le phénomène de désintermédiation du point de vue de l’intermédiaire BtoB et de sa légitimité.
Maintenir l'ordre économique
Authors: Gayon Vincent , Lemoine Benjamin
Published: September 2014

La sociologie des politiques économiques défendue dans cet article prend pour objet le travail permanent de construction , de naturalisation et de maintien de l’ordre économique déployé par une multitude d’acteurs et d’instruments techniques. Il s’agit d’ouvrir des enquêtes sur la façon dont prennent forme les processus de désencastrement et de réencastrement de l’économie vis-à-vis des institutions politiques et sociales. Cette piste est suivie en quatre temps. D’abord en soulignant la portée sociogénétique de l’œuvre de Karl Polanyi et son insistance sur l’émancipation disputée et incertaine des pratiques de production et d’échange à l’égard des tutelles traditionnelles. Puis en montrant comment l’invention de l’économie en tant que sphère d’activité autonome suscite foule de résistances et de « mondes économiques renversés », opposant leurs propres normes aux « lois » supposées de l’économie. La configuration de l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale est revisitée comme un laboratoire exemplaire de réencastrement politico-étatique de l’économie. Le désencastrement néolibéral des marchés financiers à l’échelle internationale recompose ensuite les comptes de la puissance publique et privée. Ces ordres économiques balisent simultanément des zones d’accès et, réciproquement, de non-droit à la discussion publique et politique.
L'économicité d'EDF
Authors: Yon Guillaume
Published: September 2014

La politique économique menée dans la France de l’après-guerre est usuellement qualifiée de keynésienne. Un certain nombre d’études récentes ont cependant attiré l’attention sur les ambivalences et les contradictions de cette configuration, qui semble se craqueler dès les années 1950. Saisissant cette hypothèse de travail, le présent article s’intéresse à la politique tarifaire d’Électricité de France (EDF), monopole public qui couvre un pan entier de l’économie, et non des moindres : la production, le transport et la distribution de l’électricité, pour tous les consommateurs de la nation, sans exception. Contournant le discours des acteurs, qui considèrent la question sous l’angle d’un pur problème technique d’efficacité économique, l’enquête cherche à montrer qu’à partir de la tarification se déploie une « mise en ordre » de l’économie française très particulière. Appuyée sur les grands Corps de l’État, dirigée par la figure tutélaire de Maurice Allais, mise en œuvre par Marcel Boiteux et Pierre Massé, elle instaure le Service des études économiques générales d’EDF en agrégateur central qui oriente les flux de matière de façon à utiliser à plein les capacités de production, comme en temps de guerre. Mais, singularité profonde du régime étudié, cette planification de long terme fait advenir, au sein même d’un monopole d’État, un marché : les prix sont un appui pour discipliner les consommateurs. L’article propose donc de se doter d’une vision plurielle de l’économie française de l’époque : à côté du keynésianisme, d’autres agencements voient le jour, dès la fin de la guerre.
Répondre à l'appel (à projets)
Authors: Breton Éléanor
Published: September 2014

Dans cet article, nous abordons la question des usages du dispositif d’appel à projets dans l’action publique locale et de ses effets. L’analyse s’appuie sur une étude de cas « au microscope » de processus de candidature de quatre collectivités locales à un appel à projets régional portant sur le patrimoine culturel. De plus en plus utilisé, cet instrument s’inscrit dans le spectre des modes de gouvernement incitatifs se réclamant du principe de subsidiarité. L’étude met pourtant en lumière des dynamiques silencieuses d’autodiscipline, masquées par des apparences de choix. L’urgence dans laquelle s’est effectuée la candidature, les stratégies d’anticipation et d’écriture du « bon » projet, et les effets de ce processus perceptibles dans les postures des chargées de mission ont ainsi fortement encadré l’appropriation « située » des critères de l’appel à projets, passant par la production de repères en situation d’incertitude.
Item-Level RFID for Retail Business Improvement
Authors: Choi S. H. , Cheung H. H. , Yang B. , Yang Y. X.
Published: September 2014

This chapter proposes an item-level RFID-enabled store management system to help improve retail business. The system adopts an integral design approach to exploit RFID and the e-pedigree established for anti-counterfeiting and tracking of product items in a supply chain. Various modules, such as back-store inventory, smart shelves, interactive mirrors and fitting, and self-checkout services, can be subsequently implemented for retail operations and management. Features for anti-counterfeiting and individual customer marketing can also be incorporated to enhance brand image and customer experience. Moreover, intelligent algorithms may be integrated to mine useful information, such as the sales history of products and the shopping behaviour of customers from the data captured by the RFID devices to facilitate business decision-making and proactive individual marketing. As such, the efficiency of store operations and the overall retail business can be expected to improve substantially. The chapter presents the design approach of the proposed system and discusses some implementation issues, exemplified by two basic applications: (1) track-and-trace anti-counterfeiting to prevent injection of faked products into the back-store inventory and (2) smart product collocation to promote individual customer marketing and cross selling.
Meta-Data Alignment in Open Tracking and Tracing Systems
Authors: van Blommestein Fred , Karnok Dávid , Kemény Zsolt
Published: September 2014

Many supply chains require open tracking and tracing systems. In open tracking and tracing systems, attributes of objects are not known beforehand, as the type of objects and the set of stakeholders may evolve over time. In this chapter, a method is presented that enables components of tracking and tracing systems to negotiate at run time what attributes may be stored for a particular object type. Components may include scanning equipment, data stores, and query clients. Attributes may be of any data type, including time, location, status, temperature, and ownership. Apart from simple attributes, associations between objects may be recorded and stored (e.g. when an object is packed in another object, loaded in a truck or container, or assembled to be a new object). The method was developed in two European-funded research projects: TraSer and ADVANCE.
Green Characteristics of RFID Technologies
Authors: Ramanathan Ramakrishnan , Ko Lok Wan Lorraine , Chen Hsin , Ramanathan Usha
Published: September 2014

Logistics is an integral part of the supply chain. Many logistics service providers have acknowledged that if they want to operate more efficiently and responsively, they must adopt technologies that help manufacturers, warehouses, and retailers to communicate with each other more efficiently. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been identified as an important application among many logistics technologies and is increasingly gaining both practitioners' and researchers' attention. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the factors affecting logistics service providers' intentions to use RFID technology, with special emphasis on its environmentally friendly green characteristics. The theoretical perspective diffusion of innovations is used for the purpose. The data is collected using a questionnaire survey among the UK logistics companies. The analysis shows that observability of green characteristics positively influences the intention to use RFID.
Data Management Issues in RFID Applications
Authors: Leema A. Anny , Hemalatha M.
Published: September 2014

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to wireless technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify items within a certain proximity. It is being widely used in various applications, but there is reluctance in the deployment of RFID due to the high cost involved and the challenging problems found in the observed colossal RFID data. The obtained data is of low quality and contains anomalies like false positives, false negatives, and duplication. To enhance the quality of data, cleaning is the essential task, so that the resultant data can be applied for high-end applications. This chapter investigates the existing physical, middleware, and deferred approaches to deal with the anomalies found in the RFID data. A novel hybrid approach is developed to solve data quality issues so that the demand for RFID data will certainly grow to meet the user needs.
The Green Schooling of America
Authors: Fischetti John C. , Fischetti Dana L.
Published: September 2014

The potential of green schools to improve student learning shows real promise. The continued focus on green school buildings, coupled with attention to healthy diets and healthy living habits, can only help students perform at their best. This chapter details the emerging knowledge base connecting the green schools movement and student learning. The authors share the early indicators, promising potential, and limitations of research related to green schools, and the links to student learning, teacher grades, state assessments, and children's overall health and well-being.
Toward a Green Curriculum
Authors: Putney Dawn , Morris Robert C. , Sargent Peter R.
Published: September 2014

This chapter looks at a variety of topics affecting the development of a “Green School Curriculum” from kindergarten through high school. It places emphasis on teacher planning, involvement, and commitment, as well as offering a number of lessons and learning insights that support an “inquiry-based” curricular design. From elementary to middle to secondary classrooms, this chapter helps teachers explore instructional possibilities with numerous online sites to visit and probe in detail. A final emphasis is placed on the importance, utilization, and incorporation of technology into today's schools highlighted through numerous resources.
Cost Analysis of Green School Initiatives
Authors: McCormack Thomas J. , Lemoine Pamela , Greer Deirdre
Published: September 2014

It is the intent of this chapter to present information and strategies that will assist readers in comparing conventional school construction and energy sources and costs to those defined or identified as being green. It is hoped that parents, school administrators, school boards, and legislators will benefit from access to a cost analysis of green school initiatives and use this information in their decision making process for future school construction initiatives.
A Reconfigurable Supporting Connected Health Environment for People with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Amira Abbes , Ramzan Naeem , Grecos Christos , Wang Qi , Casaseca-de-la-Higuera Pablo , Pervez Zeeshan , Wang Xinheng , Luo Chunbo
Published: September 2014

Digital healthcare is becoming increasingly important as the ageing population and the number of people diagnosed with chronic diseases is increasing. The face of healthcare delivery has changed radically and at its core is a digital and customer revolution. Connected health is the convergence of medical devices, security devices, and communication technologies. It enables patients to be monitored and treated remotely from their home or primary care facility rather than attend outpatient clinics or be admitted to hospital. This chapter discusses the recent advances in connected health technologies and applications. The authors investigate a reconfigurable supporting connected health solution for people with chronic diseases using reconfigurable hardware and intelligent data interpretation and analysis. In addition, a thorough review of the existing information and communications technologies and challenges in the area of connected health including embedded medical devices, sensors, social networking, knowledge management, data fusion, and cloud computing is presented in this chapter. Finally, future directions and ongoing research in the area of connected health are presented.
The Rise of a Networked Public Sphere
Authors: Aikat Debashis ‘Deb'
Published: September 2014

The world's largest democracy with a population of over 1.27 billion people, India is home to a burgeoning media landscape that encompasses a motley mix of traditional and contemporary media. Drawing from the theoretical framework of the networked public sphere, this extensive case study focuses on the role of social media in India's media landscape. Results indicate that new social media entities complement traditional media forms to inform, educate, connect, and entertain people from diverse social, ethnic, religious, and cultural origins. The author concludes that social media enable Indian citizens to actively deliberate issues and ideas, increase their civic engagement and citizen participation, and thus enrich India's democratic society.
Improving quality in national reference laboratories: The role of SLMTA and mentorship
Authors: Audu Rosemary A. , Onubogu Catherine C. , Nwokoye Nkiru N. , Ofuche Eke , Baboolal Shirematee , Oke Odafen , Luman Elizabeth T. , Idigbe Emmanuel O.
Published: September 2014

Background: The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research houses two reference laboratories: the virology and tuberculosis laboratories. Both were enrolled in the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme. Objective: To describe the impact of SLMTA and discuss factors affecting the results, with an emphasis on mentorship. Methods: The SLMTA programme was implemented from April 2010 through November 2012. Participants attended three workshops and executed quality improvement projects; laboratory auditors evaluated performance using a standard checklist. The virology laboratory did not receive mentorship; however, the tuberculosis laboratory had an international mentor who visited the laboratory four times during the programme, spending two to four weeks embedded within the laboratory during each visit. Results: There was an overall improvement in the performance of both laboratories, with the virology laboratory increasing 13% (from 80% at baseline to 93% at exit audit) and the tuberculosis laboratory increasing 29% (from 66% to 95%). These scores were maintained nine months later at the surveillance audit. Conclusion: The SLMTA programme resulted in improved and sustained quality management performance for both laboratories. Mentoring was a possible factor in the substantial improvement made by the tuberculosis laboratory and should be considered in order to augment the training received from the SLMTA workshops.
Creating a sustainable culture of quality through the SLMTA programme in a district hospital laboratory in Kenya
Authors: Maruti Phidelis M. , Mulianga Ekesa A. , Wambani Lorna N. , Wafula Melda N. , Mambo Fidelis A. , Mutisya Shadrack M. , Wakaria Eric N. , Mbati Erick M. , Amayo Angela A. , Majani Jonathan M. , Nyary Bryan , Songwe Kilian A.
Published: September 2014

Background: Bungoma District Hospital Laboratory (BDHL), which supports a 200-bed referral facility, began its Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) journey in 2011 together with eight other laboratories in the second round of SLMTA rollout in Kenya.Objectives: To describe how the SLMTA programme and enhanced quality interventions changed the culture and management style at BDHL and instilled a quality system designed to sustain progress for years to come.Methods: SLMTA implementation followed the standard three-workshop series, mentorship site visits and audits. In order to build sustainability of progress, BDHL integrated quality improvement processes into its daily operations. The lab undertook a process of changing its internal culture to align all hospital stakeholders – including upper management, clinicians, laboratory staff and maintenance staff – to the mission of sustainable quality practices at BDHL.Results: After 16 months in the SLMTA programme, BDHL improved from zero stars (38%) to four stars (89%). Over a period of two to three years, external quality assessment results improved from 47% to 87%; staff punctuality increased from 49% to 82%; clinician complaints decreased from 83% to 16; rejection rates decreased from 12% to 3%; and annual equipment repairs decreased from 40 to 15. Twelve months later the laboratory scored three stars (81%) in an external surveillance audit conducted by Kenya Accreditation Service (KENAS).Conclusion: Management buy-in, staff participation, use of progress-monitoring tools and feedback systems, as well as incorporation of improvement processes into routine daily activities, were vital in developing and sustaining a culture of quality improvement.
Submanifolds and the Hofer norm
Authors: Usher Michael
Published: September 2014

In [Ch00], Chekanov showed that the Hofer norm on the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group of a geometrically bounded symplectic manifold induces a nondegenerate metric on the orbit of any compact Lagrangian submanifold under the group. In this paper we consider the orbits of more general submanifolds. We show that, for the Chekanov–Hofer pseudometric on the orbit of a closed submanifold to be a genuine metric, it is necessary for the submanifold to be coisotropic, and we show that this condition is sufficient under various additional geometric assumptions. At the other extreme, we show that the image of a generic closed embedding with any codimension larger than one is “weightless,” in the sense that the Chekanov–Hofer pseudometric on its orbit vanishes identically. In particular this yields examples of submanifolds which have zero displacement energy but are not infinitesimally displaceable.
Moduli spaces in genus zero and inversion of power series
Authors: McMullen Curtis T.
Published: September 2014

This note shows, using elementary properties of ribbon trees, that the universal formula for the inversion of power series can be obtained by counting strata in the compactified moduli space

\overline{\mathcal M}_{0,n}

.
Hyperorthogonal family of vectors and the associated Gram matrix
Authors: Fuglede Bent
Published: September 2014

A family of non-zero vectors in Euclidean

n

-space is termed hyperorthogonal if the angle between any two distinct vectors of the family is at least

\pi /2

. Any hyperorthogonal family is finite and contains at most

2n

vectors. It decomposes uniquely into the union of mutually orthogonal irreducible subfamilies. An equivalent formulation in terms of the associated Gram matrix is given.
The virtual fibering theorem for 3-manifolds
Authors: Friedl Stefan , Kitayama Takahiro
Published: September 2014

In 2007 Agol showed that if

N

is an aspherical compact 3-manifold with empty or toroidal boundary such that

\pi_1(N)

is virtually RFRS, then

N

is virtually fibered. We give a largely self-contained proof of Agol’s theorem using complexities of sutured manifolds.
Well-rounded equivariant deformation retracts of Teichmüller spaces
Authors: Ji Lizhen
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we construct
spines
, i.e.,

\mathrm {Mod}_g

-equivariant deformation retracts, of the Teichmüller space

\mathcal T_g

of compact Riemann surfaces of genus

g

. Specifically, we define a

\mathrm {Mod}_g

-stable subspace

S

of positive codimension and construct an intrinsic

\mathrm {Mod}_g

-equivariant deformation retraction from

mathcal T_g

to

S

. As an essential part of the proof, we construct a canonical

\mathrm {Mod}_g

-deformation retraction of the Teichmüller space

\mathcal T_g

to its thick part

\mathcal T_g(\varepsilon)

when

\varepsilon

is sufficiently small. These equivariant deformation retracts of

\mathcal T_g

give cocompact models of the universal space

\underline{E}\mathrm {Mod}_g

for proper actions of the mapping class group

\mathrm {Mod}_g

. These deformation retractions of

\mathcal T_g

are motivated by the well-rounded deformation retraction of the space of lattices in

\mathbb R^n

. We also include a summary of results and difficulties of an unpublished paper of Thurston on a potential spine of the Teichmüller space.
On the structure of endomorphisms of projective modules
Authors: Ferrand Daniel , Laksov Dan
Published: September 2014

Taking as a model the completed theory of vector space endomorphisms, the present text aims at extending this theory to endomorphisms of finitely generated projective modules over a general commutative ring; now analogous results often require totally different methods of proof.

The first important result is a structure theorem for such modules when the characteristic polynomial of the endomorphism is separable. The second topic deals with the minimal polynomial, whose mere existence is shown to require additional hypotheses, even over a domain. In the third topic we extend the classical notion of ‘cyclic modules’ as the modules which are invertible over the ring of polynomials modulo the characteristic polynomial.

Regarding the diagonalization of endomorphisms, we show that a classical criterion of being diagonalizable over some extension of the base field can be transferred nearly verbatim to rings, provided that diagonalization is expected only after some faithfully flat base change. Many results that hold over a field, like the fact that commuting diagonalizable endomorphisms are simultaneously diagonalizable, hold over arbitrary rings, with this extended meaning of diagonalization. The Jordan-Chevalley-Dunford decomposition, shown as a particular case of the lifting property of étale algebras, also holds over rings.

Finally, in several reasonable situations, the eigenspace associated with any root of the characteristic polynomial is shown to be given a more concrete description as the image of a map. In these situations the classical theory generalizes to rings.
Alternative invariants for the embedded resolution of purely inseparable surface singularities
Authors: Hauser Herwig , Wagner Dominique
Published: September 2014

We propose two local invariants for the inductive proof of the embedded resolution of purely inseparable surface singularities of order equal to the characteristic. The invariants are built on a detailed analysis of the so called “kangaroo phenomenon” in positive characteristic. They thus measure accurately the algebraic complexity of an equation defining a surface singularity in characteristic

p

. As the invariants are shown to drop after each blowup, induction applies.
An Explicit Formula for the Generic Number of Dormant Indigenous Bundles
Authors: Wakabayashi Yasuhiro
Published: September 2014

A dormant indigenous bundle is an integrable

\mathbb P^1

-bundle on a proper hyperbolic curve of positive characteristic satisfying certain conditions. Dormant indigenous bundles were introduced and studied in

p

-adic Teichmuller theory developed by S. Mochizuki. Kirti Joshi proposed a conjecture concerning an explicit formula for the degree over the moduli stack of curves of the moduli stack classifying dormant indigenous bundles. In this paper, we give a proof for this conjecture.
Elliptic Ding–Iohara Algebra and the Free Field Realization of the Elliptic Macdonald Operator
Authors: Saito Yosuke
Published: September 2014

The Ding–Iohara algebra is a quantum algebra arising from the free field realization of the Macdonald operator. Starting from the elliptic kernel function introduced by Komori, Noumi and Shiraishi, we define an elliptic analog of the Ding–Iohara algebra. The free field realization of the elliptic Macdonald operator is also constructed.
La Construction d’Abbes et Saito pour les Connexions Méromorphes: Aspect Formel en Dimension 1
Authors: Teyssier Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2014

In [AS09], Abbes and Saito define a measure of wild ramification of

\ell

-adique sheaves at a generic point of a complete trait of characteristic

p

, with

p\neq \ell

. Adapting their construction to differential modules of characteristic zero, we show for such a module

\mathcal{M}

a formula which expresses that geometric invariant in terms of differential forms appearing in the Levelt–Turrittin decomposition of

\mathcal{M}

.
Bar Construction and Tannakization
Authors: Iwanari Isamu
Published: September 2014

We continue our development of tannakizations of symmetric monoidal

\infty

-categories, begun in [19]. In this note we calculate the tannakizations of some examples of symmetric monoidal stable

\infty

-categories with fiber functors. We consider the case of symmetric monoidal

\infty

-categories of perfect complexes on perfect derived stacks. The first main result in particular says that our tannakization includes the bar construction for an augmented commutative ring spectrum and its equivariant version as a special case. We apply it to the study of the tannakization of the stable

\infty

-category of mixed Tate motives over a perfect field.We prove that its tannakization can be obtained from the

\mathbb G_m

-equivariant bar construction of a commutative differential graded algebra equipped with the

\mathbb G_m

-action. Moreover, under the Beilinson–Soulé vanishing conjecture, we prove that the underlying group scheme of the tannakization is the motivic Galois group for mixed Tate motives, constructed in [4], [25], [26]. The case of Artin motives is also included.
Analysis of the diurnal development of a lake-valley circulation in the Alps based on airborne and surface measurements
Authors: Laiti L. , Zardi D. , de Franceschi M. , Rampanelli G. , Giovannini L.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This study investigates the thermal structures of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the near-surface wind field associated with a lake-valley circulation in the south-eastern Italian Alps – the so-called Ora del Garda. Two flights of an equipped motorglider allowed for the exploration of the diurnal evolution of this circulation, from the onset, on Lake Garda's shoreline, throughout its development along the Sarca Valley and Lakes Valley (Valle dei Laghi), to the outflow into the Adige Valley. At the same time, surface observations, both from a targeted field campaign and from routinely operated weather stations, supported the analysis of the development of the Ora del Garda at the valley floor. In particular, in the valleys typical ABL vertical structures, characterized by rather shallow convective mixed layers (~ 500 m) and (deeper) weakly stable layers above, up to the lateral crest height, are identified in the late morning. In contrast, close to the lake the ABL is stably stratified down to very low heights, as a consequence of the intense advection of colder air associated with the Ora del Garda flow (up to 6 m s–1). The combined analysis of surface and airborne observations (remapped over 3-D high-resolution grids) suggests that the lake-breeze front propagating up-valley from the shoreline in the late morning penetrates slightly later at the eastern end of the valley inlet (delay: ~ 1 h), probably due to the asymmetric radiative forcing caused by the N–S valley orientation. On the other hand, in the early afternoon the Ora del Garda overflows through an elevated gap, producing an anomalous, strong cross-valley wind (5 m s–1) at the Adige Valley floor north of Trento, which overwhelms the local up-valley wind. This feature is associated with a strong deepening of the local mixed layer (from 400 to 1300 m). The potential temperature 3-D field suggests that the intense turbulent mixing may be attributed to the development of a downslope wind across the gap, followed by a hydraulic jump downstream.
To what extent could water isotopic measurements help us understand model biases in the water cycle over Western Siberia
Authors: Gryazin V. , Risi C. , Jouzel J. , Kurita N. , Worden J. , Frankenberg C. , Bastrikov V. , Gribanov K. , Stukova O.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We evaluate the isotopic composition of water vapor and precipitation simulated by the LMDZ (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-Zoom) GCM (General Circulation Model) over Siberia using several data sets: TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) and GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite) satellite observations of tropospheric water vapor, GNIP (Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation) and SNIP (Siberian Network for Isotopes in Precipitation) precipitation networks, and daily, in situ measurements of water vapor and precipitation at the Kourovka site in Western Siberia. LMDZ captures the spatial, seasonal and daily variations reasonably well, but it underestimates humidity (q) in summer and overestimates δD in the vapor and precipitation in all seasons. The performance of LMDZ is put in the context of other isotopic models from the SWING2 (Stable Water Intercomparison Group phase 2) models. There is significant spread among models in the simulation of δD, and of the δD-q relationship. This confirms that δD brings additional information compared to q only. We specifically investigate the added value of water isotopic measurements to interpret the warm and dry bias featured by most GCMs over mid and high latitude continents in summer. The analysis of the slopes in δD-q diagrams and of processes controlling δD and q variations suggests that the cause of the dry bias could be either a problem in the large-scale advection transporting too much dry and warm air from the south, or too strong boundary-layer mixing. However, δD-q diagrams using the available data do not tell the full story. Additional measurements would be needed, or a more sophisticated theoretical framework would need to be developed.
Validation of XCH4 derived from SWIR spectra of GOSAT TANSO-FTS with aircraft measurement data
Authors: Inoue M. , Morino I. , Uchino O. , Miyamoto Y. , Saeki T. , Yoshida Y. , Yokota T. , Sweeney C. , Tans P. P. , Biraud S. C. , Machida T. , Pittman J. V. , Kort E. A. , Tanaka T. , Kawakami S. , Sawa Y. , Tsuboi K. , Matsueda H.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4), retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, were validated by using aircraft measurement data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. In the calculation of XCH4 from aircraft measurements (aircraft-based XCH4), other satellite data were used for the CH4 profiles above the tropopause. We proposed a data-screening scheme for aircraft-based XCH4 for reliable validation of GOSAT XCH4. Further, we examined the impact of GOSAT SWIR column averaging kernels (CAK) on the aircraft-based XCH4 calculation and found that the difference between aircraft-based XCH4 with and without the application of the GOSAT CAK was less than ±9 ppb at maximum, with an average difference of −0.5 ppb. We compared GOSAT XCH4 Ver. 02.00 data retrieved within ±2° or ±5° latitude–longitude boxes centered at each aircraft measurement site with aircraft-based XCH4 measured on a GOSAT overpass day. In general, GOSAT XCH4 was in good agreement with aircraft-based XCH4. However, over land, the GOSAT data showed a positive bias of 1.5 ppb (2.0 ppb) with a standard deviation of 14.9 ppb (16.0 ppb) within the ±2° (±5°) boxes, and over ocean, the average bias was 4.1 ppb (6.5 ppb) with a standard deviation of 9.4 ppb (8.8 ppb) within the ±2° (±5°) boxes. In addition, we obtained similar results when we used an aircraft-based XCH4 time series obtained by curve fitting with temporal interpolation for comparison with GOSAT data.
Measurements of CH3O2NO2 in the upper troposphere
Authors: Nault B. A. , Garland C. , Pusede S. E. , Wooldridge P. J. , Ullmann K. , Hall S. R. , Cohen R. C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The non-acyl peroxy nitrates, HO2NO2 and CH3O2NO2, are predicted to be important for photochemistry at low temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere. We report the first measurements of methyl peroxy nitrate (CH3O2NO2). During the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC-3) and the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) experiments, different inlet configurations for the UC Berkeley Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Instrument were tested to optimize measurements of CH3O2NO2 from the NASA DC-8. In addition, the inlet modifications were optimized for measurements of NO2 without CH3O2NO2 interferences. The CH3O2NO2 measurements we report have a detection limit (S/N = 2) of 15 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) at 1 min averaging on a background of 200 pptv NO2 and an accuracy of ±40%. Both observations and theoretical calculations were used to constrain the interference of pernitric acid (HO2NO2), which partially decomposes (~ 11%) along with CH3O2NO2 in our heated CH3O2NO2 channel. Evaluation of the accuracy of the CH3O2NO2 measurements is presented.
Using digital image processing to characterize the Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder and to derive high-temporal resolution direct solar irradiance
Authors: Sanchez-Romero A. , González J. A. , Calbó J. , Sanchez-Lorenzo A.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CSSR) has been one of the most commonly used instruments for measuring sunshine duration (SD) through the burn length of a given CSSR card. Many authors have used SD to obtain information about cloudiness and solar radiation (by using Ångström–Prescott type formulas). Contrarily, the burn width has not been used systematically. In principle, the burn width increases for increasing direct beam irradiance. The aim of this research is to show the relationship between burn width and direct solar irradiance (DSI), and to prove whether this relationship depends on the type of CSSR and burning card. A semi-automatic method based on image processing of digital scanned images of burnt cards is presented. With this method, the temporal evolution of the burn width with 1 min resolution can be obtained. From this, SD is easily calculated and compared with the traditional (i.e. visual) determination. The method tends to slightly overestimate SD but the thresholds that are used in the image processing could be adjusted to obtain an unbiased estimation. Regarding the burn width, results show that there is a high correlation between two different models of CSSRs, as well as a strong relationship between burn widths and DSI at a high-temporal resolution. Thus, for example, hourly DSI may be estimated from the burn width with higher accuracy than based on burn length (for one of the CSSR, relative root mean squared error 24 and 30% respectively; mean bias error −0.6 and −30.0 W m−2 respectively). The method offers a practical way to exploit long-term sets of CSSR cards to create long time series of DSI. Since DSI is affected by atmospheric aerosol content, CSSR records may also become a proxy measurement for turbidity and atmospheric aerosol loading.
Calibration approaches for distributed hydrologic models using high performance computing: implication for streamflow projections under climate change
Authors: Wi S. , Yang Y. C. E. , Steinschneider S. , Khalil A. , Brown C. M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This study utilizes high performance computing to test the performance and uncertainty of calibration strategies for a spatially distributed hydrologic model in order to improve model simulation accuracy and understand prediction uncertainty at interior ungaged sites of a sparsely-gaged watershed. The study is conducted using a distributed version of the HYMOD hydrologic model (HYMOD_DS) applied to the Kabul River basin. Several calibration experiments are conducted to understand the benefits and costs associated with different calibration choices, including (1) whether multisite gaged data should be used simultaneously or in a step-wise manner during model fitting, (2) the effects of increasing parameter complexity, and (3) the potential to estimate interior watershed flows using only gaged data at the basin outlet. The implications of the different calibration strategies are considered in the context of hydrologic projections under climate change. Several interesting results emerge from the study. The simultaneous use of multisite data is shown to improve the calibration over a step-wise approach, and both multisite approaches far exceed a calibration based on only the basin outlet. The basin outlet calibration can lead to projections of mid-21st century streamflow that deviate substantially from projections under multisite calibration strategies, supporting the use of caution when using distributed models in data-scarce regions for climate change impact assessments. Surprisingly, increased parameter complexity does not substantially increase the uncertainty in streamflow projections, even though parameter equifinality does emerge. The results suggest that increased (excessive) parameter complexity does not always lead to increased predictive uncertainty if structural uncertainties are present. The largest uncertainty in future streamflow results from variations in projected climate between climate models, which substantially outweighs the calibration uncertainty.
Laboratory and 3-D-distinct element analysis of failure mechanism of slope under external surcharge
Authors: Li N. , Cheng Y. M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Landslide is a major disaster resulting in considerable loss of human lives and property damages in hilly terrain in Hong Kong, China and many other countries. The factor of safety and the critical slip surface for slope stabilization are the main considerations for slope stability analysis in the past, while the detailed post-failure conditions of the slopes have not been considered in sufficient details. There are however increasing interest on the consequences after the initiation of failure which includes the development and propagation of the failure surfaces, the amount of failed mass and runoff and the affected region. To assess the development of slope failure in more details and to consider the potential danger of slopes after failure has initiated, the slope stability problem under external surcharge is analyzed by the distinct element method (DEM) and laboratory model test in the present research. A more refined study about the development of failure, microcosmic failure mechanism and the post-failure mechanism of slope will be carried out. The numerical modeling method and the various findings from the present work can provide an alternate method of analysis of slope failure which can give additional information not available from the classical methods of analysis.