bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelos de Ordenación del Territorio en Europa: Francia, Alemania y Reino Unido
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: June 2011

En la Unión Europea, las administraciones públicas ordenan el territorio para enfrentarse a las consecuencias de la reducción del coste del transporte y del desarrollo urbano, con el fin de favorecer la cohesión territorial y social. Las decisiones tomadas tanto por los Estados miembros como por las administraciones locales conciernen tanto la construcción de infraestructuras, la política de vivienda como la prestación de servicios. En este sentido, el nivel en el que se toman las decisiones reviste una importancia especial. Asimismo, las especificidades de las historias nacionales, de las organizaciones político-administrativas y de las culturas políticas inciden en las políticas de ordenación del territorio elaboradas y posteriormente implementadas por los Estados, aunque la consolidación de la construcción europea favorezca la convergencia de los modelos nacionales.
La visita de empresa, otra forma de hacer turismo
Authors: Zárate Martín M. Antonio
Published: June 2011

El aumento del tiempo libre y la distribución de las vacaciones a lo largo del año hacen que «descanso» no tenga porque coincidir con «inactividad» o con «turismo de sol y playa». A la vez, las actividades culturales ocupan un lugar destacado en las motivaciones de los desplazamientos y en el empleo del tiempo libre. En este contexto, la «visita de empresa» aparece como modalidad relacionada con el turismo cultural y el «turismo de estilo de vida». La «visita de empresa» es una forma de «turismo activo» donde a la observación de los modos de producción de nuestros días, se añaden la comunicación y el intercambio de ideas, el contraste de experiencias y la introducción de servicios nuevos. Además, la «visita de empresa» es un agente dinamizador del empleo y de desarrollo local. Los empresarios encuentran en esta modalidad turística un medio para dar a conocer su saber hacer e incrementar sus ventas.

[fr] L’augmentation du temps libre et l’éparpillement des jours de vacance le long de l’année contrent la coïncidence entre loisir et inactivité ou «tourisme de soleil et de plage». Tout à la fois, les activités culturelles sont en train de devenir en tête dans les motivations des touristes et l’emploi de leur temps libre. C’est dans ce contexte que la «visite d’entreprise» mérite d’être associée au tourisme culturel et au «tourisme de style de vie». Plus encore, la «visite d’entreprise» rejoigne le «tourisme actif» du moment où on y meut en jeu la communication, les expériences, l’échange d’idées, la découverte des «savoir-faire» et l’introduction de nouveaux services. Par ailleurs, la «visite d’entreprise» contribue à l’embauche de salariés et au développement local. Les entrepreneurs concernés y trouvent toujours un moyen de vanter leurs produits et de grandir leurs chiffres d’affaires.
Some carbonyl compounds and free fatty acid composition of Afyon Kaymagı (clotted cream) and their effects on aroma and flavor
Authors: Şenel E.
Published: June 2011

Some carbonyl compounds (acetaldeyhde, acetone, butanone-2 and diacetyl), the lactic acid and free fatty acid compositions of Afyon kaymagı, produced from pure buffalo milk obtained from seven different farms, and their effects on aroma and flavor were investigated. Acetone was found in the highest amount of carbonyl compounds. Butyric, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were characteristic free fatty acids for Afyon Kaymagı. The effect of the investigated compounds on the aroma and flavor scores (AFS) of Afyon Kaymagı was found to be 93.3%. Lactic acid was negatively correlated but was the second most important compound for the aroma and flavor of Afyon Kaymagı (R2 = 40%). The investigated carbonyl compounds explained only 3.2% of the variation in aroma and flavor of Afyon Kaymagı. Lactic acid, acetone, diacetyl, C4:0, C8:0, C12:0 and C18:0 had negative effects on the AFS, but acetaldehyde, butanone-2, C6:0, C10:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were positively related to the AFS.
L’autre agriculture urbaine en zone métropolitaine : une recherche-action sur les opportunités de mise en valeur et développement de l’agriculture périurbaine montréalaise
Authors: Chahine Ghalia
Published: June 2011

L’agriculture métropolitaine ne peut plus se laisser contenir dans des définitions ou classifications traditionnelles. Qu’elle soit urbaine ou périurbaine, il faut dorénavant porter notre attention sur les innombrables fonctions communes à tous les types d’agricultures et surtout, sur les actions et les acteurs qui les mettent en valeur. La question centrale de l’’article présenté est donc : est-il possible de contrer la pression, et l’étalement urbains sur le territoire agricole par un processus de co-construction inusité axé sur un développement multifonctionnel agricole ?
La crise alimentaire, le développement durable et les biocarburants : perspectives d’avenir
Authors: Cheneval Erwan , Adam-Poupart Ariane , Zayed Joseph
Published: June 2011

Les biocarburants, extraits des céréales ou d’autres denrées alimentaires, connaissent actuellement un intérêt grandissant notamment comme substitut de l’énergie fossile. Toutefois, l’utilisation de produits comestibles à des fins de production de biocarburants a été récemment qualifiée de crime contre l’humanité, puisqu’elle contribue à la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires sur le marché mondial et à l’intensification du phénomène de famine. Afin d’évaluer l’effet du marché des biocarburants sur la crise alimentaire mondiale, une analyse basée sur les grands axes du développement durable (économique, social et environnemental) a été effectuée. Sur le plan économique, les biocarburants entrent en compétition avec les denrées alimentaires et entraînent un accroissement des prix à l’échelle mondiale. Sur le plan social, les biocarburants exacerbent l’insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition mondiales en raison de la diminution de la disponibilité de la nourriture et de l’importante utilisation d’eau pour l’irrigation des cultures. Sur le plan environnemental, les biocarburants auront des effets sur la qualité des écosystèmes par l’épuisement des ressources hydriques, la pollution des sols par les engrais et la perte de biodiversité. Des biocarburants faits à partir de ressources non comestibles sont actuellement à l’étude et semblent offrir des solutions prometteuses. Il ne reste qu’à souhaiter qu’une étude d’impacts soit effectuée avant l’exploitation massive de ces nouvelles technologies, afin d’éviter des effets indésirables tels que ceux créés par les biocarburants de première génération.
Les indicateurs que les jeunes utilisent pour repérer la présence de problèmes environnementaux dans leur milieu
Authors: Benchekroun Houcine , Pruneau Diane
Published: June 2011

Les problèmes environnementaux ne sont pas faciles à observer dans un milieu donné. Pour cette raison, les experts utilisent des indicateurs scientifiques pour reconnaitre la présence de ces problèmes. La recherche présentée avait pour objectif d’identifier les indicateurs que les élèves du primaire utilisent pour repérer un problème environnemental en milieu côtier. Les élèves de 2e, 3e, 4e, 6e et 8e ont été interrogés sur différents aspects de l’environnement : la santé des plantes, des animaux sauvages, des cours d’eau, de la zone côtière et des espèces du littoral. Les outils de collecte de données utilisés sont le questionnaire et l’entrevue d’explicitation. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent que les principaux indicateurs de santé employés par les élèves sont la couleur des plantes (2e et 8e années), le mouvement et la taille des animaux (3e et 8e années), et l’absence de pollution (déchets) dans les cours d’eau et dans la zone côtière (4e et 8e années). Ainsi, les élèves emploient principalement des indicateurs faisant appel à leurs sens, ce qui résulte en une conscience limitée des problèmes locaux. Des recommandations pédagogiques sont formulées pour améliorer les perceptions environnementales des élèves.
Agriculture urbaine comme réponse au chômage à Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Musibono Dieudonné E. , Biey E.M. , Kisangala M. , Nsimanda C.I. , Munzundu B.A. , Kekolemba V. , Palus J.J
Published: June 2011

L’agriculture urbaine est une activité qui fait vivre de nombreuses familles à Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo). Elle peut donc contribuer au développement durable des villes africaines sous certaines conditions dont notamment par sa professionnalisation, le non-recours aux intrants chimiques et la distribution équitable des terres arables. Le cas de Kinshasa illustre bien que cette agriculture demeure une solution palliative aux contraintes sociales de survie (absence de salaire rémunérateur et manque d’emplois durables). Ce cas montre qu’il n’y a pas de honte à pratiquer le maraîchage urbain, car même les universitaires le font (5 % seulement le font par tradition familiale) ; il s’y pose le problème du choix des sites et d’encadrement. En effet, mal encadrés, les maraîchers cultivent le long des routes à intenses trafics motorisés, exposant ainsi les légumes aux contaminations diverses, notamment au plomb.
Vers une institutionnalisation de l’agriculture bio ? Étude de deux manifestations promotionnelles en Alsace
Authors: Van Dam Denise , Nizet Jean , Streith Michel
Published: June 2011

L’agriculture biologique en tant que nouveau mouvement social économique est parcourue par des tensions. Dans cet article nous posons l’hypothèse qu’elles font évoluer le mouvement vers l’institutionnalisation. Nous testons cette hypothèse en comparant deux événements promotionnels du bio en Alsace : la Foire Eco-Bio d’Alsace, créée en 1982 dans un contexte hostile au bio et le Salon BiObernai, créé en 2004 dans un contexte plus accueillant. Nous observons ces évolutions au travers du prisme de la construction des réseaux, tel qu’il est théorisé par la sociologie de la traduction. L’hypothèse de l’institutionnalisation est partiellement confirmée. La recherche fait par ailleurs émerger une seconde hypothèse, qui renvoie à la théorie des générations. En effet, les comparaisons font apparaître que les deux évolutions passent par un remplacement de la génération des acteurs favorables au bio radical, par une génération d’acteurs qui met en avant un bio plus consensuel.
La végétation des Petites Antilles : principaux traits floristiques et effets plausibles du changement climatique
Authors: Joseph Philippe
Published: June 2011

A toutes les échelles spatiales, la topographie contrastée des Petites Antilles conditionne un grand nombre de biotopes. Ces derniers accueillent de multiples formes d’organisation floristique : des espèces aux paysages, en passant par les phytocénoses et les écosystèmes. En dépit d’une forte anthropisation, cet archipel est une composante importante d’un point chaud (Hotspot) de la biodiversité planétaire : la Caraïbe. À long terme, le changement climatique aura des conséquences sur la répartition spatiale, sur le fonctionnement des espèces et des formations végétales.
Analyse des perceptions locales des aménagements forestiers participatifs au Bénin
Authors: Djogbenou C.P. , Kakaï R. Glèlè , Arouna O. , Sinsin B.
Published: June 2011

Le présent travail a analysé les perceptions de l’aménagement forestier par les populations riveraines des forêts classées dotées de plans d’aménagement participatif au Bénin suivant des critères comme les forêts classées aménagées par un même projet, les groupes socioculturels et les niveaux d’instruction. L’Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances simples (AFC) appliquée aux données d’enquête sur 690 personnes aléatoirement choisies dans 23 villages riverains des forêts considérées a permis d’établir des relations entre les perceptions de l’aménagement forestier et les différents critères considérés. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que l’aménagement forestier est globalement perçu par les populations riveraines comme un projet en activité mettant l’accent sur le reboisement, l’emploi au profit des populations locales et une nouvelle manière de gérer les forêts classées en se basant sur la concertation. Les populations locales qui ont participé à l’aménagement forestier à travers les projets PAMF et PGRN ont des perceptions basées globalement sur la répression forestière (répression de l’incivisme dans le domaine forestier) et la mise à disposition des moyens aux agents forestiers, celles qui ont participé à l’aménagement forestier sous la conduite du Projet PRRF assimilent l’aménagement forestier à un projet en activité et enfin les populations bénéficiaires du Projet UNSO considèrent l’aménagement forestier comme une nouvelle façon de gérer les forêts classées. En considérant par ailleurs les niveaux d’instruction, les populations illettrées ont une conception traditionnelle de l’aménagement forestier (reboisement, police forestière) alors que celles instruites ont une conception moderne de l’aménagement forestier (participation des populations, concertation). Ces perceptions sont de nature visuelle et empirique et expriment le contenu des discours de sensibilisation délivrés par les projets chargés d’élaborer les plans d’aménagement de ces forêts classées.
Identification and Characterization of Genes Involved inLeishmaniaPathogenesis: The Potential for Drug Target Selection
Authors: Duncan Robert , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Dey Ranadhir , Debrabant Alain , Lakhal-Naouar Ines , Nakhasi Hira L.
Published: June 2011

Identifying and characterizingLeishmania donovanigenes and the proteins they encode for their role in pathogenesis can reveal the value of this approach for finding new drug targets. Effective drug targets are likely to be proteins differentially expressed or required in the amastigote life cycle stage found in the patient. Several examples and their potential for chemotherapeutic disruption are presented. A pathway nearly ubiquitous in living cells targeted by anticancer drugs, the ubiquitin system, is examined. New findings in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers inLeishmaniashow how disruption of those pathways could point to additional drug targets. The programmed cell death pathway, now recognized among protozoan parasites, is reviewed for some of its components and evidence that suggests they could be targeted for antiparasitic drug therapy. Finally, the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system is involved in secretion of many virulence factors. How disruptions in this pathway reduce virulence as evidence for potential drug targets is presented.
Electrochemical Tests to Evaluate the Stability of the Anodic Films on Dental Implants
Authors: Marino C. E. B. , Mascaro L. H.
Published: June 2011

The stability of anodic films potentiodynamically grown on titanium, titanium-grade 2, and Ti6Al4V alloy was studied in a simulated physiological electrolyte, up to 8.0 V, and at room temperature to determine the corrosion resistance levels of dental implants. In PBS (phosphate buffer saline) solution, thin titanium oxide films protect the surface of the Ti6%Al4%V alloy up to 6.0 V, pure Ti up to 8.0 V, and Ti-grade 2 up to 1.5 V. At more positive potentials, localized corrosion starts to occur possibly due to the alloy elements (Ti6Al4V-V and Al) and variable levels of interstitials (Ti-grade 2: C, N, and Fe, mainly). When the biomaterials were submitted to open-circuit conditions, in artificial saliva, the worst corrosion resistance was observed in dental implant (Ti-grade 2), according to the open-circuit potential values and reconstruction rate analysis of these oxide films. The XPS spectra revealed TiO2oxide as the main phase in the barrier oxide film coating the dental implant.
Subjective Experiences of Older Adults Practicing Taiji and Qigong
Authors: Yang Yang , DeCelle Sharon , Reed Mike , Rosengren Karl , Schlagal Robert , Greene Jennifer
Published: June 2011

This article presents a qualitative study following a 6-month Taiji (T'ai Chi)/Qigong (Ch'i Kung) intervention for older adults. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews of eight selected participants who elected to continue practicing Taiji after the intervention ended, in order to explore their subjective experiences of Taiji's effects and their motivations for continuing to practice. We created a Layers Model to capture the significance and meaning of the multidimensionality of their reported experiences. Participants not only reported simple benefits along five dimensions of experience (physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual) but also described complex multidimensional experiences. Overall findings indicate that participants derived a very wide variety of perceived benefits, the most meaningful being a felt sense of body-mind-spirit integration. Our results support the important role of qualitative studies in researching the effects of Taiji and Qigong.
Physical Activity Among Persons Aging with Mobility Disabilities: Shaping a Research Agenda
Authors: Rosenberg Dori E. , Bombardier Charles H. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Belza Basia
Published: June 2011

With the aging of the baby boomer population and their accompanying burden of disease, future disability rates are expected to increase. This paper summarizes the state of the evidence regarding physical activity and aging for individuals with mobility disability and proposes a healthy aging research agenda for this population. Using a previously published framework, we present evidence in order to compile research recommendations in four areas focusing on older adults with mobility disability: (1) prevalence of physical activity, (2) health benefits of physical activity, (3) correlates of physical activity participation, and, (4) promising physical activity intervention strategies. Overall, findings show a dearth of research examining physical activity health benefits, correlates (demographic, psychological, social, and built environment), and interventions among persons aging with mobility disability. Further research is warranted.
“Listen to My Story and You Will Know Me”: Digital Stories as Student‐Centered Collaborative Projects
Authors: VINOGRADOVA POLINA , LINVILLE HEATHER A. , BICKEL BEVERLY
Published: June 2011

This article explores the power of English language learners' digital stories as student‐centered projects and offers practical suggestions for language teachers interested in trying digital storytelling. The article explains pedagogical practices and digital storytelling in the context of contemporary scholarship on inclusive pedagogy, communities of practice, and multiliteracies. As students develop and produce their stories, they not only choose topics, visual images, and musical materials that are meaningful and of genuine interest to them, they also collaborate with other students and friends and family in the United States and in their home countries. Using examples of students' digital stories, journal entries, final essays, and interviews, the classroom is discussed as a community of practice where various domains of expertise are recognized and shared. Based on three semesters of research and practice, the authors suggest that an engaged language classroom community can develop as students learn to negotiate new digital terrain and gain valuable multiliteracy skills through the creation of their own digital stories. The steps in classroom digital storytelling and resources for teachers are included.
Water isotopic ratios from a continuously melted ice core sample
Authors: Gkinis V. , Popp T. J. , Blunier T. , Bigler M. , Schüpbach S. , Johnsen S. J.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. A new technique for on-line high resolution isotopic analysis of liquid water, tailored for ice core studies is presented. We build an interface between an Infra Red Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (IR-CRDS) and a Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system. The system offers the possibility to perform simultaneuous water isotopic analysis of δ18O and δD on a continuous stream of liquid water as generated from a continuously melted ice rod. Injection of sub μl amounts of liquid water is achieved by pumping sample through a fused silica capillary and instantaneously vaporizing it with 100 % efficiency in a home made oven at a temperature of 170 °C. A calibration procedure allows for proper reporting of the data on the VSMOW scale. We apply the necessary corrections based on the assessed performance of the system regarding instrumental drifts and dependance on humidity levels. The melt rates are monitored in order to assign a depth scale to the measured isotopic profiles. Application of spectral methods yields the combined uncertainty of the system at below 0.1 ‰ and 0.5 ‰ for δ18O and δD, respectively. This performance is comparable to that achieved with mass spectrometry. Dispersion of the sample in the transfer lines limits the resolution of the technique. In this work we investigate and assess these dispersion effects. By using an optimal filtering method we show how the measured profiles can be corrected for the smoothing effects resulting from the sample dispersion. Considering the significant advantages the technique offers, i.e. simultaneuous measurement of δ18O and δD, potentially in combination with chemical components that are traditionally measured on CFA systems, notable reduction on analysis time and power consumption, we consider it as an alternative to traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry with the possibility to be deployed for field ice core studies. We present data acquired in the framework of the NEEM deep ice core drilling project in Greenland, during the 2010 field season.
Trends in climatic variables and future reference evapotranspiration in Duero Valley (Spain)
Authors: Moratiel R. , Snyder R. L. , Durán J. M. , Tarquis A. M.
Published: June 2011

Abstract. The impact of climate change and its relation with evapotranspiration was evaluated in the Duero River Basin (Spain). The study shows possible future situations 50 yr from now from the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), dew point (Td), wind speed (U) and net radiation (Rn) trends during the 1980–2009 period were obtained and extrapolated with the FAO-56 Penman-Montheith equation to estimate ETo. Changes in stomatal resistance in response to increases in CO2 were also considered. Four scenarios were done, taking the concentration of CO2 and the period analyzed (annual or monthly) into consideration. The scenarios studied showed the changes in ETo as a consequence of the annual and monthly trends in the variables Tmax, Tmin, Td, U and Rn with current and future CO2 concentrations (372 ppm and 550 ppm). The future ETo showed increases between 118 mm (11 %) and 55 mm (5 %) with respect to the current situation of the river basin at 1042 mm. The months most affected by climate change are May, June, July, August and September, which also coincide with the maximum water needs of the basin's crops.
Impacto económico del efecto de la contaminación del aire en la salud: Managua-Nicaragua (años 1996-2001)
Authors: Narváez Silva Carlos Antonio , Martínez Octavio Javier
Published: June 2011

Existe una relación positiva entre la contaminación del aire por partículas menores a diez micrómetros (PM10), partículas totales suspendidas (PTS) y ozono (O3), y la tasa de morbilidad en Managua de (4%, 8% y 30%) respectivamente. Los resultados del monitoreo de calidad del aire realizado por la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería por medio del Centro de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente, muestran que las PM10 y las PTS están fuera de los límites permisibles establecidos por la organización mundial de la salud (OMS), la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA). Las personas con mayor afectación son los menores de 15 años y los mayores de 60.Esto provoca un gasto en salud pública en actividades curativas equivalente a 73 C$ por persona. De acuerdo a informes del Ministerio de Salud, anualmente llegan en promedio 30 mil casos por infecciones respiratorias agudas. Si usamos el 30% de la relación de PTS con la tasa de morbilidad, tendríamos 10 mil casos causados por la contaminación del aire. Desde 2001 no existe un programa de monitoreo de calidad del aire. Se necesitan 600 mil córdobas anuales para activar el programa y permitirnos aplicar la legislación 217. En nuestro estudio proponemos que de los 120 millones de córdobas anuales que recibe el sector transporte en subsidio, se le reste el daño ambiental que éste provoca a la población por contaminación del aire.Esto aportaría básicamente los 600 mil córdobas que se necesitan para activar el programa de calidad del aire. Esta política tendría un impacto de 1.60 C$/día por bus (menos de un pasajero al día). La segunda alternativa es gravar un impuesto al consumo de diesel de 10 centavos de córdoba una vez al año; preferiblemente en el mes de mayor consumo. Tomando como base las ventas de diesel, se recaudarían 4 millones de córdobas aproximadamente, dinero suficiente para el proyecto de calidad del aire y para satisfacer la demanda en medicamentos en los centros de salud en Managua.
Historia natural del insecto depredador de semillas Dipteryx oleifera en Nicaragua
Authors: Ruiz Javier
Published: June 2011

Se realizó un experimento de laboratorio para criar larvas consumidoras de semillas de D. oleifera. Al finalizar el experimento de laboratorio encontramos que los insectos adultos pertenecen al género Taeniaptera. Las larvas fueron colectadas en un bosque húmedo tropical en el este de Nicaragua durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2006. Observaciones de las condiciones actuales de sitio se han venido realizando anualmente hasta 2011. La evidencia que presentamos es valiosa como descubrimiento científico pero también como parte de observaciones de la historia de vida de insectos depredadores de semillas. Los resultados de esta investigación son parte de un estudio de la dinámica de establecimientos de plántulas de la especie Dipteryx oleifera (almendro), una especie con valor comercial en Nicaragua. Los principales resultados de esta investigación indican que la presencia de las larvas de este insecto es denso-dependiente. La mayoría de las semillas con larvas del insecto se encontraban bajo los árboles adultos y en las congregaciones de semillas bajo los comederos de murciélagos donde las altas densidades de semillas atrajeron a los individuos adultos. De esta forma, nuestros resultados son a favor de la hipótesis de dependencia de la densidad en el establecimiento de esta especie en bosques húmedos tropicales (Janzen, 1970).
Situación actual de la disposición final de residuos sólidos en los municipios integrados en la Cuenca de la Laguna de Apoyo
Authors: Regidor Ingrid
Published: June 2011

El presente ensayo pretende proporcionar información acerca del estado actual de los vertederos municipales en los territorios integrados en la Cuenca de la Laguna de Apoyo, tomando en cuenta la reciente aprobación (mayo 2010) del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de la Cuenca de la Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo (RNLA). Además, procura servir a las alcaldías municipales como base para la planificación de proyectos para la mejora de los sitios de disposición final de los residuos sólidos.Se abordan aspectos relacionados a la situación actual de la recolección de residuos sólidos municipales; los resultados sobre la disposición final de los residuos sólidos enmarcados en las características de la ubicación de los vertederos; el diseño, operación y mantenimiento de los mismos; y los aspectos administrativos y de control. Seguidamente se presenta una valoración de la ubicación, el diseño y la operación de los sitios de disposición final; la identificación y valoración de los impactos actuales y potenciales de carácter ambiental y social que pueden encontrarse en estos sitios. Por otro lado se plantean propuestas de mejora para el diseño y operación de los vertederos para mitigar los impactos potenciales identificados en ellos.
(Weak) Gorenstein Global Dimension of Semiartinian Rings
Authors: Tamekkante Mohammed , Chhiti Mohamed
Published: June 2011

We prove that if is a semiartinian commutative ring, the Gorenstein
global dimension of equals the supremum of the Gorenstein projective and injective dimensions
of simple -modules, and the weak Gorenstein global dimension of equals the supremum
of the Gorenstein flat dimensions of simple -modules.
Performance of a Contrarotating Small Wind Energy Converter
Authors: Habash Riadh W. Y. , Groza Voicu , Yang Yue , Blouin Charles , Guillemette Pierre
Published: June 2011

Responding to more demand in coming years, the task of the small wind energy industry requires progress on several fronts—the public policy initiatives, technology development, and market growth. One important issue of the wind energy utilization is the conversion efficiency of the usable energy into productive power. Enhanced technologies such as contrarotating blades, gearbox and lubrication, airfoils, generators, and power electronics will lower cost and increase energy production. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to reinforce the effectiveness of employing contrarotating system to enhance the performance of a small wind energy converter (SWEC). With this concept, the SWEC works more efficiently and therefore produces more energy in a unit turbine area. To verify the SWEC performance, a research model has been built and tested over a range of operating conditions. Wind tunnel tests were carried out to ascertain the overall performance of the contrarotating SWEC. Results are presented for cases of different wind speeds and Reynolds number. The results demonstrated a significant increase in wind energy conversion efficiency and capability of operation at lower wind speeds while keeping up performance compared to a single-rotor system of the same type.
ChemInform Abstract: Compositionally Controlled Metal—Insulator Transition in Tl2‐xInxTeO6.
Authors: Siritanon Theeranun , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A.
Published: June 2011

Polycrystalline samples of the complete solid solution series Tl2‐xInxTeO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of In2O3, Tl2O3, and TeO2 or H6TeO6 (gold containers, 550—650 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12.
Authors: Liu G. Q. , Wen L. , Liu G. Y. , Wu Q. Y. , Luo H. Z. , Ma B. Y. , Tian Y. W.
Published: June 2011

The title compound is prepared by ball‐milling (MeOH medium, 300 rpm/min) of a stoichiometric mixture of Li2CO3 and anatase‐type TiO2 followed by calcination (750 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Li2Sr4[Si2N5]N — A Layered Lithium Nitridosilicate Nitride.
Authors: Lupart Saskia , Pagano Sandro , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2011

The title compound is synthesized in liquid lithium by reaction of silicon diimide, lithium azide, strontium metal, and cesium iodide as catalyst (Ta ampule, 900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Growth, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Layered Dibarium Cadmium Diborate, Ba2Cd(BO3)2.
Authors: Zhang Min , Pan Shilie , Han Jian , Yang Yun , Cui Liang , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: June 2011

The novel title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of H3BO3, CdO, and Ba(NO3)2 (800 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: In‐Phase Alignments of Asymmetric Building Units in Ln4GaSbS9 (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Ho) and Their Strong Nonlinear Optical Responses in Middle IR.
Authors: Chen Mei‐Chun , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Yu‐Biao , Chen Ling
Published: June 2011

Orange‐yellow crystals of the new title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (Ln/Ga/Sb/S = 8:1:1:15, evacuated silica tube, 950 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A2TiF5·nH2O (A: K, Rb, or Cs; n = 0 or 1): Synthesis, Structure, Characterization, and Calculations of Three New Unidimensional Titanium Fluorides.
Authors: Jo Vinna , Lee Dong Woo , Koo Hyun‐Joo , Ok Kang Min
Published: June 2011

The structures of the new compounds (III), (V), and (VIII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of a Novel Sodium Lead Pentaborate, NaPbB5O9.
Authors: Zhang Min , Pan Shilie , Han Jian , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: June 2011

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of H3BO3, PbO, and Na2CO3 (Pt crucible, 630 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structure and Rare Earth Metal Photoluminescence of New and Known Isostructural A2Mo4Sb2O18 (A: Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Compounds.
Authors: Mohitkar Shrikant A. , Kalpana G. , Vidyasagar K.
Published: June 2011

Nine new Ln2Mo4Sb2O18 (Ln: Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding metal oxides (700 °C, 3 d; 0.5 g scale).
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion‐Release of Guest Species and Ionic Conduction in Polyoxometalate Solids with a Layer‐Like Anderson Structure.
Authors: Naruke Haruo , Kajitani Naoyuki , Konya Takayuki
Published: June 2011

Compounds (IV) and (VII) are isomorphous and exhibit a layer‐like Anderson type structure, consisting of [SbW6O24]7‐‐containing layers and interstitial Na+, K+, NO3‐ or Cl‐, and water O atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the Ternary Vanadate NaMn4(VO4)3.
Authors: Yahia Hamdi Ben , Gaudin Etienne , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: June 2011

Dark‐brown crystals of the title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of Na2CO3, MnO, and V2O5 (1:8:3 molar ratio, gold tube, 650 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Magnetic and Electrical Transport Properties of Some Ternary Ce—Rh—Si Compounds.
Authors: Kaczorowski D. , Lipatov A. , Gribanov A. , Seropegin Yu.
Published: June 2011

The new compounds CeRh1.82Si0.18, CeRh3Si0.125, Ce2Rh3.1Si0.9, Ce4Rh12Si, and Ce8Rh21.9Si3.1 are prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 950 °C for two weeks.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylarsine as an Efficient Catalyst in Diastereospecific Synthesis of N‐Vinyl Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Heydari Reza , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Hazeri Nourollah , Lashkari Mojtaba , Rostamizadeh Mohsen , Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad
Published: June 2011

A simple, mild, and effective one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatics from a Diiodosultine by Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind
Published: June 2011

The new strategy for assembling polycyclic aromatic compounds utilizes the Diels‐Alder reaction of functionalized sultine derivatives like (III) which are obtained by the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Acenes Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Arylboron Reagents with Alkynes.
Authors: Fukutani Tatsuya , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: June 2011

Highly substituted naphthalenes, isoquinolines, anthracenes, and tetracenes are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reactions of 2‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrans with Nucleophiles.
Authors: Li Minghao , Tang Conghui , Yang Jie , Gu Yanlong
Published: June 2011

Several nucleophiles, viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Rearrangement of Hydroxylamines to Secondary Amines Using Diisobutylaluminum Hydride.
Authors: Cho Hidetsura , Sugimoto Kenji , Iwama Yusuke , Mitsuhashi Nakako , Okano Kentaro , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: June 2011

The reductive ring expansion reaction of N‐monosubstituted hydroxylamines with DIBAL‐H proceeds regiospecifically providing cyclic secondary amines in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butyl Nitrite: A Metal‐Free Radical Initiator for Aerobic Cleavage of Benzylic C=C Bonds in Compressed Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Miao Cheng‐Xia , Yu Bing , He Liang‐Nian
Published: June 2011

The compressed CO2 noticeably tunes the selectivity towards aldehyde products.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Esterification Reactions and Boc/THP/TBDMS Discriminating Deprotections under Samarium(III) Catalysis.
Authors: Gopinath Pushparathinam , Nilaya Surapaneni , Muraleedharan Kannoth Manheri
Published: June 2011

In the presence of alcohols (II), especially ethanol, various carboxylic acid substrates can be selectively esterified.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Esterification Reactions and Boc/THP/TBDMS Discriminating Deprotections under Samarium(III) Catalysis.
Authors: Gopinath Pushparathinam , Nilaya Surapaneni , Muraleedharan Kannoth Manheri
Published: June 2011

Furthermore, the catalyst is highly efficient for selective deprotections.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported, Al(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of Acylals from Aldehydes.
Authors: Boroujeni Kaveh Parvanak
Published: June 2011

An efficient, nontoxic, noncorrosive, and convenient catalyst for the acetylation of aldehydes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Tandem Three‐Component Reaction of Imine, Alkyl Vinyl Ketone, and Imide via Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Syu Siang‐en , Lee Yu‐Ting , Jang Yeong‐Jiunn , Lin Wenwei
Published: June 2011

The title reaction provides mild and diastereoselective approach to β‐amino ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Approach to γ‐Functionalized Carbonyls Exploiting the Cu‐Promoted SN2′ Reaction.
Authors: Bond Eric , Beausoleil Anne‐Marie , Howell Jennifer , Wong Alicia , Robichaud Joel
Published: June 2011

A widely applicable method to prepare chiral γ‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Excellent Synthesis of Adipic Acid.
Authors: Rokhum Lalthazuala , Bez Ghanashyam
Published: June 2011

A simple and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Platinum‐Catalyzed Tandem [2 + 1]/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Sequence.
Authors: Achard Thierry , Lepronier Aymeric , Gimbert Yves , Clavier Herve , Giordano Laurent , Tenaglia Alphonse , Buono Gerard
Published: June 2011

Platinum complex PPT catalyzes the unprecedented intermolecular sequence performed with norbornadiene and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Facile Synthesis of 2‐Acetoxy‐1,3(E)‐alkadienes via a Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2,3‐Allenyl Carboxylates.
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2011

Compared to a previous Au(I)‐catalyzed reaction, the yields and the (E)‐selectivity of the Rh(I)‐catalyzed rearrangement are higher.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold and Broensted Acid Catalyzed Isomerization of [3]Cumulenols and [3]Cumulenones: Efficient Syntheses of 1,5‐Dien‐3‐ynes and Furan Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Erjuan , Fu Xiaoping , Xie Xin , Chen Jingjin , Gao Hongjun , Liu Yuanhong
Published: June 2011

The TosOH‐catalyzed dehydration of cumulenols (I) gives dienynes (II) with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl‐Catalyzed Green Oxidative Alkyne Homocoupling without Palladium, Ligands and Bases.
Authors: Yin Kun , Li Chunju , Li Jian , Jia Xueshun
Published: June 2011

The title reaction, using air as an environmentally friendly oxidant, affords symmetrical 1,4‐disubstituted 1,3‐diynes (II) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Olefin Migration—Aldol Condensation in Water with an Amphiphilic Resin‐Supported Ruthenium Complex.
Authors: Oe Yohei , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: June 2011

The reaction of allylic alcohols with aromatic aldehydes is investigated in the presence of PRC providing the syn‐aldol products (III) predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO Nanoparticles on Ionic Polymer for Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides with Phenols.
Authors: Hu Tongjie , Chen Xiaorong , Wang Jun , Huang Jun
Published: June 2011

The ionic copolymer material PICP derived from tetramethylguanidine exhibits a highly porous and large surface area which is favorable for the dispersion of the CuO nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Regeneration of Aldehydes from their Corresponding 1,3‐Oxathiolanes in the Absence of Solvent.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Mirhashemi Seyyedeh Kobra , Pourvali Aysa , Abedini Masoumeh
Published: June 2011

Both metal salts produce the aldehydes in similar yields within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Vinylaziridine Linked to an Ester Group.
Authors: Nagumo Shinji , et al. et al.
Published: June 2011

The Friedel—Crafts reaction of aziridines (V) with arenes (VI) proceeds regioselectively to afford amino esters (VII), whilst the reaction with 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene (VIII) leads to an inseparable mixture of regioisomers (IX) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Reduction of Passerini 3CR Adducts by SmI2/HMPA.
Authors: Yu Hui , Gai Tao , Sun Wen Liang , Zhang Mei Su
Published: June 2011

β,γ‐Unsaturated amides are synthesized from crude Passerini 3CR adducts, generated by reaction of cinnamaldehydes, isocyanides and acetic acid, via radical reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversion of Aromatic Bromides and Aromatics into Aromatic Nitriles via Aryllithiums and Their DMF Adduct.
Authors: Ushijima Sousuke , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: June 2011

The conversion of the DMF adducts in the last step can be performed with both molecular iodine or diiodohydantoin DIH in aq.
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign Approach for the Synthesis of Bifunctional Sulfonamide‐Amide Compounds via Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Sarvary Afshin , Ghasemi Sabrieh , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Ghadari Rahim , Ng Seik Weng
Published: June 2011

The title reaction affords ketenimine sulfonamide derivatives of type (IV) without any activation or modification in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stannous Chloride‐Promoted Synthesis of S‐Allyl‐N‐aryl Dithiocarbamates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Singh Okram Mukherjee , Devi Nepram Sushuma
Published: June 2011

A highly efficient and mild one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Biaryl Synthesis in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
Authors: Lange Paul P. , Goossen Lukas J. , Podmore Philip , Underwood Toby , Sciammetta Nunzio
Published: June 2011

A practical protocol is developed that allows performing decarboxylative cross‐coupling reactions in continuous reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of p‐Quinquephenyl from E,E‐1,4‐Bis(4‐bromophenyl)‐1,3‐butadiene.
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Groshens Thomas J.
Published: June 2011

The synthesis of the title compound (VIII) is presented starting from the compound (I) which can be prepared in six steps from 4‐bromobenzaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Fourfold Suzuki—Miyaura and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions on Tetrahedral Methane and Adamantane Derivatives.
Authors: Schilling Christine I. , Plietzsch Oliver , Nieger Martin , Muller Thierry , Braese Stefan
Published: June 2011

A systematic study on Suzuki—Miyaura or Sonogashira cross coupling reactions for the synthesis of tectons with tetrahedral methane or adamantane core is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of syn‐Aldols of Cyclohexanones via Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Aldol Reactions in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Zhou Pengxin , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: June 2011

The diamine efficiently promotes the kinetic resolution of racemic syn‐aldols of cyclohexanones in [bmim]BF4.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed (NHC) Three‐Component Domino Reactions: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Acyclic ε‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Ma Jianze , Huang You , Chen Ruyu
Published: June 2011

A new and stereoselective method to prepare cis‐ε‐ketoesters such as (IV), (VIII), and (X) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of 2,5‐Dichloro‐4′‐phenyloxybenzophenone.
Authors: Davis Matthew C. , Groshens Thomas J.
Published: June 2011

The presented synthesis of the title compound (III) leads to a higher yield than the conventional two‐step process (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenediazonium Salts Immobilized in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Electrophilic Partners in the Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Matsuda—Heck Arylation.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: June 2011

High yields can be achieved by a simple procedure A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Inexpensive and Efficient Synthesis of Propargylic Substituted Active Methylene Compounds Catalyzed by FeCl3.
Authors: Maiti Sukhendu , Biswas Srijit , Jana Umasish
Published: June 2011

A mild and simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III), (V), and (VII) by using a nontoxic catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8,9‐Disubstituted Fluoranthenes by Domino Two‐Fold Heck/Electrocyclization/Dehydrogenation of 1,2‐Dibromoacenaphthylene.
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Nawaz Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: June 2011

A simple procedure is developed for the preparation of the title compounds as synthons of higher‐membered polycyclic hydrocarbons.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of β‐Amino Esters and β‐Lactams from Nitriles via Aldimine‐Borane Complexes.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Biswas Debanjan , Chen Guang‐Ming
Published: June 2011

Condensation of non‐enolizable and enolizable aldimine‐triethylborane complexes with dimethylketene acetal (II) provides access to β‐amino esters (VI) and (III) from aliphatic (V) and aromatic nitriles (I) in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Chemoselective Clauson‐Kass Reaction of Substituted Aniline Catalyzed by MgI2 Etherate.
Authors: Zhang Xingxian , Shi Junchen
Published: June 2011

N‐Aryl and N‐benzoylpyrroles are formed by condensation of tetrahydrofuran (I) with anilines or benzamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, Robust, Clean, Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Halo‐3‐carboxyindoles.
Authors: Kunzer Aaron R. , Wendt Michael D.
Published: June 2011

Heating various o‐(2,2‐dihalovinyl) substituted anilines with a carbonate base allows the preparation of a highly functionalized title skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Screening of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activity of Some 1,3‐Dioxoisoindoline Derivatives.
Authors: Cizmecioglu Murat , Pabuccuoglu Varol , Ballar Petek , Pabuccuoglu Aysun , Soyer Zeynep
Published: June 2011

New isoindoline derivatives (II), (IV), and (VI) are evaluated for their inhibitory potencies against cyclooxogenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2).
ChemInform Abstract: Lactam Coupling as a Versatile Route to Indoprofen Analogues.
Authors: Lippert John W. III
Published: June 2011

Title compounds (III) and (V) are synthesized starting from isoindolinones (I) or (IV), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of New Spirooxindoles
Authors: Khorrami Afshin Rajabi , Kiani Parvin , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: June 2011

via one‐pot three‐component reactions under mild conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Calcium VAPOL Phosphate Mediated Asymmetric Chlorination and Michael Reactions of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles.
Authors: Zheng Wenhua , Zhang Zuhui , Kaplan Matthew J. , Antilla Jon C.
Published: June 2011

It allows facile and highly enantioselective access to 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles like (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkably Reactive Dihydroindoloindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatization.
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Fey Natalie , Haddow Mairi F. , Sankey Rosalind F.
Published: June 2011

Pd‐catalyzed dearomatization reaction allows access to a novel class of indoloindole heterocycles, namely (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Nitroso‐Substituted Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles and Their Tuberculostatic Activity.
Authors: Khudina O. G. , Burgart Ya. V. , Saloutin V. I. , Kravcheno M. A.
Published: June 2011

The title pyrazole derivatives exhibit considerable tuberculostatic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of Nitrilimines 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: Novel Synthesis of Spiro[4,4]nona‐2,8‐dien‐6‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Miqdad Omar A. , Abunada Nada M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M.
Published: June 2011

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines generated in situ from corresponding hydrazonoyl halides such as (II) with 4‐arylideneimidazolones (I) affords the title spiro‐compounds (III) (13 examples) in high yields.