bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folk Carpathian-Ukrainian demonology: motivational-functional research method
Authors:   Institute of Slavic studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Valentsova Marina , Vinogradova Ludmila ,   Institute of Slavic studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The traditional way of describing and researching national demonological systems is the character approach. The article attempts to substantiate another possibility of studying Slavic demonology – through the concept of a mythological motive. The motive is understood as a semantic predicate of demonological narratives of various kinds, the minimal meaningful unit of plot composition (including motives-actions, motives-situations, motives-descriptions etc.). The composition of motives in each mythological tradition is unique and can be used to understand the mentality of the people, their way of perception of the world and their attitude to the world. The article describes, with varying degree of detail, some of the motives characteristic of the Carpathian-Ukrainian demonology: motives “to scare a person”, “to lead astray”, telling fairy tales as a protective charm, substitution of babies by demons, motives of double-mindedness, gaining magical power against hail, a circular dance of forest demons and a number of others. Among them, there are world-known, all-Slavic, actually Carpathian-Ukrainian and also Carpathian-Balkan motives. An analysis of these, as well as of other motives, contained in mythological narratives from the collections of V. Hnatiuk, V. Shukhevych, A. Onyschuk and others, allows us to realize the specificity and uniqueness of the Carpathian Ukrainian tradition, and can also provide material for conclusions of an ethnogenetic nature.
Folk dances and parties of the Momârlani population
Authors:   University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology „George Emil Palade”, Romania, Boda Gherghina
Published: August 2021

Known as Jieţi or Momârlani, this population, located in the so-called Country of the Momârlani in the southern part of Hunedoara County, is distinguished by certain specific characteristics that single it out from the other inhabitants of Jiu Valley. Leisure activities, dances or hore (Romanian round dances) in particular, have characteristics of the ethnic profile of the Momârlani, as well as the humorous/satirical extempore verse chanted during a folk dance (lies); they all aim at creating relaxation and good humor. They include Învârtita jienească, Stânga, Hora mare, Hora bănăţeană, Haţegana, Sârba, Alunelu, Bordeiaşul, etc., depending on the locality. Dances at the Jieni’s parties – the Sunday dances at the pub, țirc dances, dances at claca (voluntary collective work of the peasants usually followed by a party), şezători (evening sitting of village women), godchildren gathering, blood brotherhoods, baptisms, weddings, pițărăii (carolers on Christmas Eve), the feast of the Magi, the gathering of the sheep, nedei (countryside parties held for a week after Easter by the Jiu Valley communities of Momârlani). Parties and dances also contributed to shaping the ethnic profile of this population, along with the ornamental and colorful richness and meanings of the traditional costume, gastronomy, customs, traditions, language, folk literature, etc. The isolation in which they lived until the first half of the 20th century was one of the reasons that enabled the preservation of their unaltered ethnic characteristics, of the specificities given by the originality of certain customs and traditions, some of which are of an ancient origin.
The economic crisis in the Republic of Moldova – the catalyst for labor migration
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, Prisac Lidia
Published: August 2021

The approach of the transition Moldova’s process to a market economy, this article, based on oral history, examines labor migration, especially of women, caused by the economic crises characteristic of this period. The author tried to establish a connection between the stages of migration and the economic crises which new state went through. Thus, he concluded that migration was mainly caused by economic dysfunction. The population flows abroad continued to grow, despite a modest improvement in the economic situation during the 2000–2005 period – insignificant economic growth, in fact, without interrupting the tendency of citizens to go abroad. In the conditions of labor migration, a real psychosis was recorded with regard to the departure of citizens abroad, this effect called “mental contagion”. In general, the economic crisis in the Republic of Moldova caused a turning point in the evolution of society, which led to the emergence of evidence related to the course of events and the phenomenon of migration. In the case of this article, the autobiographical memory of four individuals involved in the migration process was activated. Regarding the causes that determined them to leave the country, the analysis of oral witnesses, as well as specialized works focused on this issue, without a doubt emphasizes the fact that, the economic factor dominated.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH MERAUKE
Authors: Koupun Dominggas , Patungo Viertianingsih , Simanjuntak Hulman
Published: August 2021

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit infeksi yang menular disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sumber penularannya adalah melalui dahak yang mengandung kuman tuberkulosis. Gejala umum TB pada orang dewasa adalah batuk yang terus menerus selama dua minggu atau lebih dan bila tidak diobati maka setelah lima tahun pasien sebagian besar akan meninggal. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga dengan keberhasilan pengobatan penderita tuberkulosis paru di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Merauke. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian correlative deskriptif, Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita BTA Positif di RSUD Merauke sebanyak 320 penderita. Sampelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah 30 penderita. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien korelasi product moment memperoleh nilai rho=0,819 yang berpola positif, diartikan bahwa dukungan sosial keluarga memiliki hubungan dengan keberhasilan pengobatan penderita tuberkulosis paru di RSUD Merauke. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara dukungan sosial keluarga dengan keberhasilan pengobatan. Diharapkan bagi penderita tuberkulosis paru agar perlu berobat secara terus menerus tanpa terputus walaupun telah merasa lebih baik atau sehat.Kata Kunci: Dukungan Sosial Keluarga, Keberhasilan Pengobatan, Tuberkulosis Paru
PENGARUH DISCHARGE PLANNING TERHADAP PENURUNAN KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN POST ORIF FRAKTUR DI RUANG ORTOPEDI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH JAYAPURA
Authors: Tamsir La ode , Nompo Rifki Sakinah
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Fraktur adalah patah tulang atau terganggunya kesinambungan jaringan tulang disebabkan oleh trauma langsung maupun tidak langsung. Fraktur memerlukan perlakuan dengan segera dan tindakan pembedahan adalah salah satu tindakan yang bisa dilakukan,  namun tindakan pembedahan tersebut bisa menyebabkan kecemasan. Kecemasan dapat dicegah dan diminimalisirkan dengan pemberian discharge planning seperti obat-obatan, perawatan luka, nutrisi, tindakan non farmakologi dan kontrol kembali. Metode: menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-post test tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sebanyak 30 responden yang diambil dengan metode teknik random sampling. Pengukuran kecemasan menggunakan kuesioner Skala Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), serta analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.                  Hasil: sebelum dilakukan discharge planning dengan kriteria kecemasan berat 8 orang atau (26,7%), kecemasan sedang 22 orang atau (73,3%), sedangkan kecemasan sesudah dilakukan discharge planning responden mengalami kriteria kecemasan sedang 8 orang atau (26,7%), kecemasan ringan 22 orang atau (73,3%). Dan pengaruh discharge planning ρ =0,000. Kesimpulan: dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat pengaruh sebelum dan setelah dilakukan discharge planning terhadap penurunan kecemasan pasien post orif fraktur. Diharapkan discharge planning dapat menjadi salah satu cara dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pasien.

Kata kunci: Discharge planning, Kecemasan, Fraktur
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG NAPZA (NARKOTIKA, PSIKOTROPIKA DAN ZAT ADIKTIF LAINNYA) DI SMA YPPK ASISI SENTANI
Authors: Monni Mulyadi , Amir Nurhidayah , Supriyanto Enos
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: NAPZA (narkotika, psikotropika dan zat adiktif lainnya) adalah bahan, zat, obat yang bila masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia akan mempengaruhi tubuh terutama otak atau susunan saraf pusat, sehingga menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan fisik, psikis, dan fungsi sosialnya karena terjadi kebiasaan, ketagihan serta ketergantungan terhadap NAPZA. Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan Remaja tentang NAPZA (Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif lainnya) di SMA YPPK ASISI Sentani. Metode penelitian: Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian yang dilakukan berlokasi di SMA YPPK Asisi Sentani pada 30 sampel penelitian remaja yang dilaksanakan pada 23 November 2019. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah soal 25 pernyataan dandianalisa data dengan Komputer. Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada 30 responden remaja didapatkan bahwa pengetahuan remaja tentang NAPZA di SMA YPPK Asisi Sentani sebagian besar memiliki berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 13 responden (43,3%), cukup 16 responden (53,3%), dan kurang sebanyak 1 responden (3,3%). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang NAPZA.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, NAPZA, Remaja
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN TENTANG IMS (INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN REMAJA DI SMA YPK DIASPORA KOTARAJA JAYAPURA
Authors: Loho Martha , Nompo Rifki Sakinah , Arvia Arvia
Published: August 2021

Latar  Belakang: Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) adalah penyakit infeksi yang penularannya terutama melalui hubungan seksual, sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia, baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang. Penyakit menular seksual yang menyerang organ seksual itu meliputi klamidia, gonore, trikomoniasis, dan sifilis. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan tentang IMS (Infeksi Menular Seksual) terhadap pengetahuan Remaja di SMA YPK Diaspora Kotaraja Jayapura. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Eksperimen One Group Pre Test-Post Test, dengan menggunakan uji analisa Wilcoxon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2020. Menggunakan total sampling 45 responden sebagai sampel. Kuesioner yang digunakan berjumlah 20 item peryataan. Hasil: Pengaruh promosi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan remaja terhadap Infeksi Menular Seksual, sebelum dilakukannya promosi kesehatan mengenai IMS, sebanyak 2 responden (4.4%) memiliki pengetahuan baik, 14 responden (31.3%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup, dan 29 responden (64.4%) memiliki pengetahuan  kurang dan setelah dilakukannya promosi kesehatan mengenai IMS, sebanyak 17 responden (37.8%) memiliki pengetahuan baik, 20 responden (44.4%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup, dan 8 responden (17,8%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Hasil pengaruh menggunakan uji Wilcoxon ρ = 0,000 < 0.05. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara promosi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan remaja mengenai Infeksi Menular Seksual setelah dilakukannya promosi kesehatan.

Kata Kunci: Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS), Promosi Kesehatan, Pengetahuan remaja, Remaja
In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of Murraya koiengii and Ficus palmata leaf extracts from North-western Himalayan Region
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Nagraik Rupak , Sharma Somesh , Chauhan P. K.
Published: August 2021

Plant based compounds are used as an alternate to chemically synthesized compounds in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf extract of two medicinal plants i.e. Murraya koiengii and Ficus palmata collected from north-western Himalayan region. The phytochemical screening of these plant extract showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and the absence of terpenoids and saponins. The qualitative data analysis confirmed the highest level of phytochemicals in Murraya koiengii plant extract as compared to Ficus palmata. The antioxidant results show the dose dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the extracts was found at concentration of 1.5625 mg/ml for Murraya koiengii and 3.125 mg/ml for Ficus palmata. The present study supports the use plant extracts as an alternative medicine in the ailment of many diseases.
Development and validation of a new stability indicating RP-UFLC method for the estimation of Bosentan
Authors: Lingamaneni Kalyani , Mathrusri Annapurna Mukthinuthalapati
Published: August 2021

A new stability-indicating RP-UFLC method has been developed for the estimation of Bosentan in pharmaceutical dosage forms and the method was validated. Bosentan is used to lower the high blood pressure in lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Bosentan acts by blocking the actions of endothelin -1and thereby lowers the blood pressure. Mobile phase mixture consisting of sodium acetate (pH 5.0) buffer solution and acetonitrile (50: 50 v/v) with flow rate 0.7 mL/min were the optimized chromatographic conditions (Detection wavelength 254 nm) for the present study. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 0.1–100 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9998) with regression equation y = 126698 x – 392.49. The LOQ was found to be 0.08964 µg/mL and the LOD was found to be 0.02913 µg/mL. Stress degradation studies such as acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradations were performed by exposing Bosentan and finally the proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The assay of Bosentan was conducted by applying the proposed method to the marketed formulations. The proposed method is simple, specific, precise, and accurate and can be applied for the estimation of pharmaceutical formulations.
Antioxidant activity of Garcinia mangostana L and alpha mangostin:
A Review
Authors: Vien Lim Chiew , Chinnappan Sasikala , R Mogana
Published: August 2021

Garcinia mangostana L or Mangosteen is being used traditionally as a medicine. Mangosteen is a tropical fruit harvested from trees, geographically distributed in Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka with a long history of traditional medicinal usage for the treatment of chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, infected wounds, skin infections and antioxidant activities. Alpha mangostin, a chemical entity from mangosteen and it has been reported to have a wide spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-tumour, antidiabetic activity, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiparasitic and anti-obesity. This review aims to highlight the antioxidant activity of Garcinia mangostana L and alpha mangostin.
Assessment of In-vitro culture through Nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii
Authors:   HPS College Nirmali, BNMU Madhepura, India, Jha Abha , Das Sunila ,   C. M. Sc. College Darbhanga, India
Published: August 2021

The present experimental study was aimed to overcome the traditional methods of propagation that limit the number of propagules by in-vitro regeneration through nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with a comparative study of growth regulators during the shooting and rooting process. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is distributed from the Himalayas (Nepal) to the northern part of Burma. Collection of explants was done from different selected sites of CPTs. There was the use of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 as sterilizing agents in different concentrations and its effect was visualized during the sprouting stage. Culm explants were cultured in a bottle containing White media (Wm) supplemented with BA and Kinetin for sprouting and IAA, IBA, NAA for rooting. There is also the use of IAA+IBA+NAA in combined form as a supplementary solution 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 20-minute results into77.80% aseptic buds and 72% bud -break. Among the used growth-hormones, BA with concentration 0.25mg/l and 0.50mg/l respectively were appropriate for shoot-multiplication rate, 4.01±0.3 and 4.3±0.4 were ideal observation incorporation with BA (1.00mg/l) and BA (1.50mg/l) respectively. Maximum sprouting rate14.77±3.37with application of BA (2.00mg/l) and maximum shoot length4.3±0.4 is observed at BA (1.50mg/l). The applications of rooting hormone IAA+IBA+NAA in the concentration of 1.0 mg/l results in 72.5±0.3(rooting) and 11.1±0.3 (av. No. of the root).
Effect of weather parameters on the incidence of thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and its predator, Coccinella septumpunctata Linn. on garlic crop
Authors:   Department of Entomology, SKN College of Agriculture Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Dudwal Ramgopal , Jat B.L. ,   Department of Entomology, SKN College of Agriculture Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Kataria Alka ,   The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Published: August 2021

The incidence of thrips was studied at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) on garlic crop during Rabi season. The incidence of thrips on garlic crops was commenced in the first week of February and reached its peak in the second week of March. The predator, Coccinella septumpunctata Linn. was commenced in the second week of February and reached the maximum in the second week of March. The weather parameters viz., temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine (hrs) had a non-significant correlation with thrips incidence on garlic crop, whereas, predator, C. septumpunctata possess significant positive correlation.
New record of Humbertium proserpina (Humbert, 1862) from Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Selvamurugan Selvaraj ,   Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,   Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam, Tamil Nadu, India, Balasubramanian Usha , Vasanthi K.
Published: August 2021

Species of genus Humbertium (Land planarian) are widely distributed in Southeast Asia, around greenhouses and gardens. However, taxonomy and cytogenetic data in this genus are restricted to a few species. Present report of hammerhead snake worm recorded from five falls in Courtallam, Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu, India.Species was identified based on the photographs. This the first record of species from the Western Ghats in Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu, India.
Production Trend, Constraints, and Strategies for Millet Cultivation in Nepal: A Study from Review Perspective
Authors:   College of Natural Resource Management, Agriculture and Forestry University, Tikapur, Kailali, Nepal, Gyawali Pramod
Published: August 2021

Millet cultivation is making a quick comeback in the Nepalese agrarian landscape after years of institutional neglect. Agricultural agencies and farmers ignored these cereals while giving precedence over rice, wheat, and other crops such as oilseeds and pulses. Millets can foster well in poor soil conditions with less water, fertilizer, and pesticides. The main objectives of the study were to assess prospects and potentiality of millet, constraints during farming, and the possible strategies to overcome problems by analyzing the data and secondary literature. Districts in the eastern part of Nepal show dominance in millet production. Millet contains a comparative advantage over other cereals in terms of soil climatic adaptability, drought resistance, insect pest tolerance, and management factors. Further, the health-promoting factors play an important role in tackling food security and malnutrition problems, particularly in mid and high hills. The preference of tourists towards "dhido" has further increased its demand at present. However, lack of domain-specific high-yielding varieties, high preference towards major cereals, and poor marketing infrastructure particularly in marginal areas are the constraints mainly considered for unexpected production of millet. Millet features a high possibility of improving the production which can be supported with subsidy, improving tourism, promoting the millet products with agro-based industries, and motivating the growing farmers. Proper local and national strategies to cope with the limitation will help to uplift millet farming from minor cereals to exportable standards.
Kinetics of potassium release from soil amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and maize stalks biochar
Authors:   Department of Soils & Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt., Thabit Fatma N.
Published: August 2021

A laboratory incubation experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was carried out for 90 days to test the effect of zeolite and biochar application to calcareous sandy loam soil on potassium forms distribution and its release rate. The treatments included (1) Absolute control (C), (2) 10 g kg-1 zeolite (Z1), (3) 20 g kg-1 zeolite (Z2), (4) 10 g kg-1 biochar (B1), and (5) 20 g kg-1 biochar (B2). After incubation period, the concentrations of soluble, exchangeable, and non-exchangeable K and the release rate of K to 0.01 M CaCl2 during 200 min (10 successive extractions for soil samples of 20 min for each using CaCl2 solution) were determined. Results showed that zeolite application increased the soluble and exchangeable K concentrations. However, amending soil with biochar had a positive effect on all K forms. Addition of zeolite or biochar increased the cumulative K release. The parabolic diffusion, power function and Simple Elovich models described the kinetics of K release to CaCl2 solution well from all the soil treatments. Zeolite and maize stalks biochar may have an effective role in improvement of K availability and release in the calcareous sandy loam soil as well as may aid in increasing the ability of this soil to supply the different crops with K.
Legitimacy of Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights’ claims
Authors: Karanja Wanjiku
Published: August 2021

The notions of indigenous peoples, indigenous knowledge, and heritage and culture have acquired wide usage in international debates on sustainable development and intellectual property protection since the turn of the 20th century. This paper, through an examination of the concept of intellectual property and its intersection with culture and heritage, elucidates the nature and scope of indigenous intellectual property rights as represented by traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions and genetic resources. This paper, through a review of the interface between indigenous knowledge systems and the intellectual property law regime, illustrates the limitations of conventional intellectual property rights systems i.e.: copyright, patent, trade secrets and trademark in providing adequate recognition and protection for indigenous intellectual property rights. It also posits that the establishment of a sui generis system of protection offers a plausible solution to the inadequacy of the existing regimes of protection. This paper ultimately seeks to illustrate indigenous people’s legitimate rights to control, access and utilize in any way, including restricting others’ access to, knowledge or information that derives from their unique cultural histories, expressions, practices and contexts, towards the creation of a better society.
In Duplum Rule in Kenya: A Critical Analysis of the Unaddressed Aspects of Section 44A of the Banking Act
Authors: Ndegwa Christopher
Published: August 2021

Amendment No. 9 of 2006 of the Kenya Banking Act introduced the in duplum rule into Kenyan legislation. The rule provides that with respect to non-performing loans, only the principal owing when the loan becomes non-performing; contractual interest not exceeding the principal owing when the loan becomes non-performing; and expenses incurred in the recovery of any amounts owed by the debtor may be recovered. This statutory rule has its roots in South African common law. Kenyan jurisprudence has demonstrated a divergence from interpretations of the rule as per other jurisdictions where the rule has a long standing history such as South Africa. This is indicative of a misnomer which upon further interrogation reveals that Section 44A of the Banking Act is merely a semblance of the in duplum rule and not the in duplum rule stricto senso. The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the rule while making reference to South Africa, without carrying out a full comparative analysis, in a bid to address the issue of whether our enactment of the in duplum rule will effectively serve the purpose for which it was enacted; the protection of debtors.
Innovation, Regulation and the Digital Environment: The South African Case
Authors: Lüthi Mitchell
Published: August 2021

It is self-evident that the law, which is often considered to be slow moving at best, has a tendency to lag behind innovation and changes within the system it governs. Despite what appears to be an intrinsic resistance to change, there is much to be said about the legal certainty, the consequential continuity as well as the stability such a system affords those who find themselves within it. In contrast, technology within the digital environment develops and changes at a rapid pace, almost as fast as it proliferates. The innovativeness and productiveness of such an industry often leaves little time for reflection upon salient applicable legal principles involved. Unfortunately, when steps are finally made to modernise the law and to regulate the proliferation of information in such an environment, one seldom finds that the law is implemented smoothly and without conflict or contradiction. This essay attempts to highlight some of these problems and to address a number of the fundamental issues raised by the new policies, amendments and legislation that presume to deal with the digital environment in South Africa.
Till Death Do Us Part: The Ailment Affecting the Widow’s Life Interest in Kenyan Intestate Succession
Authors: Badbess Khalil
Published: August 2021

Succession law in Kenya has developed from pre-independence where an array of regimes determined inheritance depending on whom they applied to, to an age where a single legislation was made to resolve this multiplicity; the Law of Succession Act. Since then, a new Constitution has been promulgated and the old one repealed. There are certain areas of the Act that resemble the latter more than the former. One such area is that of intestacy. More specifically, the position taken on the one-sided determination of the life interest of a widow upon remarriage. This study tackles this issue and finds that Sections 35(1) and 36(1) are indeed contrary to the entitlement of rights in Article 45(3) guaranteeing equal rights to parties within a marriage. It further advances the argument that this inconsistency has its possible origins in African Customary law and owes its longevity to a foregone constitutional era. The recommendation offered is an amendment to the Act aimed at equalising the parties to a marriage by ensuring parity in the duration of the life interest. In addressing itself on these issues, a synthesis of literature review, case review, legislative review and a key analysis of constitutional preparatory documents is used.
Reconceptualising the Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment in Kenya
Authors: Chore Timonah
Published: August 2021

States around the world are progressively protecting environmental rights. The Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides for environmental rights under Articles 42, 69 and 70. However, this study argues that there is need to reconceptualise the right to a clean and healthy environment as established under Article 42, as the right is geared towards human utility rather than intrinsic environmental protection. Thus, the right is shrouded with anthropocentric concerns which may be construed as insufficient in the protection of natural resources, ecosystems and other non-human species for their ecological and intrinsic value. Accordingly, the study examines the right to a clean and healthy environment as envisaged in the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and, from that context, assesses the efficacy of anthropocentric environmental rights in environmental conservation highlighting the potential challenges faced in their implementation. As a way forward, the study recommends bicentric environmental rights as an alternative to anthropocentric environmental rights. The study realises its objectives through the use of case law and literature review.
Social media as a tool for engaging medical students interested in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Wang Cindy X. , Kale Nisha , Miskimin Cadence , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Instagram and Twitter are two of the most popular social media platforms today. Beyond social communication, these platforms also have the potential to enhance medical education by providing early exposure and mentorship to students and residents in training. The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate orthopaedic surgery related content posted on Instagram and Twitter 2) to analyze who posts orthopaedic surgery related content and 3) to better understand how social media may be used to supplement medical education and exposure for students interested in orthopaedics.

Design

Three hashtags, #Orthopedics, #OrthopedicSurgery, and #OrthopedicSurgeon were searched on Instagram and Twitter from March 8 to March 18, 2020. Posts on both platforms were analyzed for the hashtag used, number of likes, source type (e.g. physician, company promoting a product), and type of post (e.g. advertisement, educational). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.

Setting

This study was performed at the Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, by medical students, with guidance and supervision from faculty in the Tulane University Department of Orthopaedics.

Results

Data was collected from 212 (47.2%) Instagram and 237 (52.8%) Twitter posts over a 10-day period. Significantly more Instagram posts used the hashtags #Orthopedicsurgeon and #Orthopedicsurgery (P<.001), while more Twitter posts used the hashtag #Orthopedics (72.0% P<.001). Companies using these hashtags posted more frequently on Twitter than Instagram (P<.001), while a higher number of physicians, orthopaedic practices, and personal accounts utilized Instagram (P<.001). There was significantly more advertising content on Twitter (P<.001), while Instagram included more personal anecdotes, medical imaging and procedures (P<.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that content related to orthopaedic surgery is regularly posted on both Instagram and Twitter. Instagram is a visually driven platform that more frequently posted educational and personal content from medical professionals and individuals, while Twitter predominantly published advertisements from companies and orthopaedic practices. The current use of Instagram may make it better suited for providing information and early exposure to medical students interested in the field.

Levels of Evidence

III
Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer During the COVID Pandemic – A Narrative Review of Practical Recommendations
Authors: Chatterjee Prasenjit , Bhattacharya Jibak , Ghosh Tanmay , Sarkar Biplap , Chirilă Monica-Emilia , Chowdhury Sushmita Roy , Bandyopadhyay Syamasis , Agarwal Jayaprakash
Published: August 2021

"Background: The coronavirus disease pandemic produced changes in the treatment approach of lung cancer patients. They represent a vulnerable population due to the negative impact of delays in diagnosis and treatment and also because of the impaired immune system. Radiation Therapy plays a crucial role in both curative and palliative settings, so finding the best approach for these patients in this context was attempted by many professionals. The aim of this study was to make a synthesis of the current published literature on this topic and summarize the recommendations.
Material and methods: We searched the PubMed database for articles published between 20th December 2019 and 30th August 2020. We used 14 key words related to COVID 19 and Lung Cancer. The articles were selected by two senior clinicians who excluded overlapping information and prioritized original research reports and professional organization’s official recommendations.
Results: There were 562 papers corresponding to the search criteria, of which 64 were analyzed. Treatment decision must be tailored according to the status of SARS CoV-2 positivity, the aim of the treatment (curative VS palliative), pathological type and clinical stage, disease complications, symptoms, prognostic, performance status, and alternative treatments. Hypofractionation is preferred whenever possible in order to minimize risk for patients and staff. Safety measures have to be implemented, with extra cautions if SARS CoV-2 positive patients have to be treated. Cone beam CT can be used early identification of lung infiltrates and special attention is recommended to differentiate Radiation pneumonitis from COVID-19 pneumonia.
Journal of Medical and Radiation Oncology
Journal homepage: www.jmedradonc.org Review
94
Conclusion: For SARS CoV-2 positive lung cancer patients the treatment should be postponed, until they are tested negative. For patients which are SARS CoV-2 negative treated with curative intent, hypofractionated schedules are preferred. Palliative treatments should be given according to the life threatening risk."
SubcutaneousTaenia crassicepsCysticercosis Mass Excision from an 11-Year-Old Mixed-Breed Dog
Authors: Murphy Christina , Kursh Logan , Nolan Thomas , Perry James
Published: August 2021

An 11 yr old mixed-breed dog presented with a 2 × 3 cm semimovable subcutaneous soft-tissue mass overlying the right hip region that grew to 8 × 5 cm over a 6 mo period. Two separate fine needle aspiration cytology samples showed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation with no cytologically apparent infectious etiology or neoplasia. Computed tomography imaging revealed a well-marginated, heterogeneous, contrast-enhancing soft-tissue mass extending into the adjacent fat, suggestive of neoplasia. A 14G needle biopsy showed similar chronic inflammatory changes without evidence of neoplasia or infectious etiology. Excisional biopsy of the mass was performed, and ex vivo sectioning revealed Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Histopathology confirmed severe chronic pyogranulomatous cellulitis and myositis with intralesional cysticerci. Anthelmintic treatment was administered postoperatively, and no evidence of local recurrence has been noted as of 6 mo after the operation. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the cytological, histological, cross-sectional imaging characteristics and treatment outcome of T crassiceps cysticercosis in a dog.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO COOPERATIVISMO DE CRÉDITO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: MICHELS ANDRESSA , COLETTI LUNA JOICE , RINALDI DANIELA
Published: August 2021

Buscou-se identificar a relevância dos produtos e serviços, oferecidos pelas cooperativas de crédito, para o setor de agronegócios, no desenvolvimento das propriedades, além de identificar os efeitos gerados após a injeção de créditos específicos no desenvolvimento das propriedades rurais, os processos e a visão da cooperativa em relação aos agricultores. Os dados coletados evidenciaram que o cooperativismo de crédito apresenta-se como uma alternativa considerável para o desenvolvimento das propriedades rurais e consequentemente o desenvolvimento regional. Maior procura-se dá pelos financiamentos e empréstimos pelos agricultores para a continuidade ao desenvolvimento de suas propriedades, investindo nas culturas e implementos.
Aplicación del cardón Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. (Caryophyllales, Cactaceae) en la clarificación de aguas con alta turbidez
Authors: Fuentes Lorena , Mendoza Iván , González Alicia , Rodríguez Zolange , Valera Karen
Published: August 2021

Stenocereus griseus es una cactácea que ha resultado efectiva como coagulante en la clarificación de aguas con turbiedades bajas (20 UNT-100 UNT) y muy altas (200 UNT-300 UNT). El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la efectividad del mucílago crudo extraído de S. griseus en la clarificación de aguas con alta turbidez (100 UNT-200 UNT). Los ensayos se realizaron a escala laboratorio. Se prepararon aguas sintéticas ajustadas a turbiedades entre 100 UNT y 200 UNT, las cuales fueron tratadas con diferentes dosis de S. griseus y caracterizadas fisicoquímicamente (turbidez, pH, color y alcalinidad). La simulación del proceso de clarificación arrojó remociones de turbidez que oscilaron entre 83,77 % y 91,78 % antes de filtrar y entre 94,68 % y 97,94 % luego de ello. Posterior a la etapa de filtración, el pH se ubicó en el rango de 6,23-6,98, la alcalinidad presentó valores inferiores a 40 mg CaCO3 /L y el color varió desde 13,33 UC Pt/Co hasta 26,67 UC Pt/Co. Estos resultados demuestran la efectividad del coagulante extraído de S. griseus para la remoción de turbidez y color en aguas con alta turbidez, pudiéndose utilizar como coagulante primario.
Assessment of nitrogen nutrient sources in aquatic environment of Tuyen Lam sub-catchment based on it’s stable isotopes ratio (δ¹⁵N-NO3) combined with geochemical parameters
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huong Lan , Nguyen Minh Dao , Phan Quang Trung , Vo Thi Mong Tham , Le Xuan Thang , Phan Son Hai , Nguyen Van Phuc
Published: August 2021

Overloading and erosion of pollutants, especially nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) nutrient, in catchment of multiple land use put pressure on the quality of surface water. Excess of nitrogen nutrient in the aquatic environment causes eutrophication leading to adverse effects to the habitat and ultimately it could affect the human health through the food chain. The aim of this study is to assess the sources of nitrogen nutrient that could affect the quality of surface water at a subcatchment of Tuyen Lam reservoir in Lam Dong province by the use of water’s physico-chemical parameters combined with stable isotope ratio of nitrogen in nitrate (δ15N-NO3) dissolved in the water. It was revealed that nitrogen nutrient in water from springs in the study area came from at least three sources: decomposition of soil organic matters, inorganic fertilizers and water waste from residential areas. In points of annual crop farming and close to residential the contribution of inorganic fertilizers to the total concentration of nitrate was estimated, based on the δ15N-NO3 values, to be as high as more than 60% and the contribution of water waste was around 35-40%. This is the first time isotopic signature of nitrogen-15 in nitrate (δ15N-NO3) was applied as a tool to assess and identify sources of the nutrient in aquatic environment. Results of this study, although it was initial but it would be useful for the local environmental managers in developing suitable strategies to control over nitrogennutrient releases in order to keep the aesthetic appeal of Tuyen Lam Reservoir.
Coupled reaction channels study of the ¹⁶O(d,⁶Li) reaction
Authors: Do Cong Cuong , Nguyen Hoang Phuc , Nguyen Tri Toan Phuc
Published: August 2021

The transfer 16O(d,6Li)12C reaction has been studied within the coupled reaction channels (CRC) approach, inluding both the direct and indirect α transfer processes. The obtained results show an important contribution of the indirect α transfer via the 2+ and 4+ states of 12C. The  CRC results show that the best-fit α spectroscopic factors of 16O becomes smaller when the indirect transfer processes are taken into account. The α spectroscopic factors deduced from the present CRC analysis of the 16O(d,6Li)12C reaction data measured at Ed=54.25 and 80 MeV are quite close to each other.
Determinantes del consumo de energía en Nicaragua
Authors: Espinoza Hernández Victor
Published: August 2021

El consumo de energía eléctrica es considerado como parte de una demanda derivada, ya que depende de los bienes utilizados. El análisis del consumo de energía y las variables que lo afectan permite determinar el resultado de los cambios en el consumo y el impacto individual de las variables. Se analizó el comportamiento del consumo de energía eléctrica y su precio, además del número de usuarios y el ingreso a nivel nacional durante el período 2014-2019, se aplicó un modelo log-log para medir los efectos relativos sobre consumo. La descripción de las variables se lleva a cabo a través de la tendencia, sobre las variables desestacionalizadas.  El consumo de energía y la cantidad de usuarios presentan tendencia positiva, mientras que el precio y el ingreso cambian de tendencia a lo largo del tiempo. Tanto el consumo como el ingreso, medido a través del IMAE, presentan una caída en el año 2018, aunque es esta última variable la que presenta la mayor disminución.  El consumo presentó la mayor volatilidad relativa en el año 2018, mientras que la variable con mayor estabilidad en su crecimiento fue la cantidad de usuarios. El consumo de energía eléctrica se ve afectado significativamente por la cantidad de usuarios, el precio y el ingreso, siendo el precio la única variable en estudio que tiene una relación negativa con el consumo.
Impact of the second wave of covid 19 infection on neurosciences with reference to rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Kumar Nikhil A , Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath
Published: August 2021

Background:

With COVID-19 becoming a major worldwide cause of concern, it is important to understand the various manifestations of the disease in order to fully manage it. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 assume great importance because of considerable mortality and morbidity both during the disease and recovery. The following review aims to shed light on impact of COVID-19 on neurological system. Common neurological manifestations have been described. With more people surviving the disease, post-COVID syndrome has become a prominent ailment. A note is also made of the impact introduction of vaccines for COVID-19. Finally, the epidemic of -black fungus. or Mucormycosis has also been touched upon.

Neurological manifestations:

The most important neurological manifestations are stroke, encephalitis, encephalopathy and myelitis on the central nervous system and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and chronic muscle fatigues on the peripheral nervous system.

Impact of second wave of COVID:

The second wave of COVID has been particularly tragic for India because of the rapid spread which pressurized the health system and resources. With a record number of patients infected in this wave, patients with neurological symptoms have also increased. We must also be prepared for patients with Post-COVID Neurological Syndrome (PCNS). Vaccine associated adverse effects have also assumed importance.

Mucormycosis:

With a decline in number of cases of COVID-19, the deadly epidemic of mucormycosis has resurged. It is characterized by involvement of sinuses, eye and brain. Early recognition and treatment can prevent many complications.
Pemantauan Kadar Asam Urat Non Invasive Real Time Menggunakan Sensor Near Infrared
Authors: Umar Usman , Alyah Risnawaty
Published: August 2021

Gout or gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium uric crystals in the body. Uric acid is the result of the final metabolism of purines, which is a component of nucleic acids found in the body's cell nucleus. Increased uric acid can cause disturbances in the human body such as feelings of pain. The standard system used to measure uric acid levels in the blood, in general, is an invasive system that uses blood samples and is performed in clinics, health centers, and hospitals at a high cost. This research aims to develop a non-invasive system measuring gout using Near Infrared (NIR) sensor with 940 nm LED and Photodiode as a detector at a wavelength range of 600-1300 nm. The method of developing this tool begins with the stages, conducting a literature study resulting in tool design and tool making as well as tool validation by comparing invasive and non-invasive techniques. The results of this study produce a simple gout monitoring tool with an error value of 4% and low cost and easy to use. Analysis of the results of the tests using analysis of variance P-value> 0.05 and the t-test P (T <= t) 0.45> α shows that the tool designed can be used to monitor gout.
Representações Sociais do trânsito para motoristas
Authors: Silva Washington Allysson Dantas
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisou as representações sociais do trânsito para motoristas brasileiros. Participaram 110 pessoas, com idades entre 19 e 62 anos (M = 27,9; DP = 9,44), de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Os sujeitos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e um teste de associação livre de palavras (TALP) com os estímulos indutores “motociclistas”, “pedestres” e “engarrafamento”. Os resultados demonstraram que os motoristas, em sua maior parte, representam o trânsito brasileiro de modo pessimista e negativo. A palavra “estresse” foi a mais utilizada para representar o “engarrafamento”. Os dados são discutidos à luz da psicologia social e do trânsito.
ECA 30 anos e o direito das crianças e adolescentes aos museus e à divulgação científica
Authors: Norberto Rocha Jessica , Scalfi Graziele , Massarani Luisa
Published: August 2021

A presente pesquisa, de caráter exploratório associada à pesquisa bibliográfica, discute o acesso e a participação de crianças e adolescentes a museus, espaços científicos-culturais e ações de divulgação científica, tendo em vista seus direitos à educação, à cultura e ao lazer previstos no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990. Apesar de alguns progressos alcançados nos 30 anos da Lei, desigualdades persistem e são retratadas no texto. Iniciamos com uma reflexão pautada em leituras sobre a importância desses espaços no desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente, seguida pela apresentação de dados da exclusão aos direitos fundamentais dessa faixa etária no Brasil. Posteriormente, trazemos resultados de pesquisas com vistas a construir argumentos que evidenciem as potencialidades, desafios e recomendações para o acesso e a participação de crianças e adolescentes nos museus, espaços científico-culturais e ações de divulgação científica, que fazem parte fundamental do seu desenvolvimento psicológico e intelectual.
Escutando o brincar num ambulatório de violência sexual infantil
Authors: Tachibana Miriam , Barbosa Paula Carvalho
Published: August 2021

Considerando a preocupação dos profissionais que compõem a rede de proteção no sentido de evitar a vitimização secundária da criança que sofreu violência sexual, tem sido debatido qual seria o melhor meio de obter o seu depoimento de forma minimamente invasiva. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de apresentar um relato de experiência em um ambulatório, situado no interior de Minas Gerais, no qual é realizada a escuta especializada. A partir da narrativa de um caso clínico, são feitas considerações acerca: 1) do uso de estratégias lúdicas como forma de favorecer a comunicação emocional da criança, bem como de fortalecê-la psiquicamente; 2) da importância da escuta sensível dos sentimentos ambivalentes que a criança pode apresentar frente ao agressor, mesmo após ter declarado a violência a qual foi submetida. Espera-se, a partir deste relato de experiência, enriquecer a discussão sobre alternativas de escuta dessa população vulnerável.