bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Pursuit of Racial Equality: Identifying the Determinants of Support for the Black Lives Matter Movement with a Systematic Review and Multiple Meta-Analyses
Authors: Azevedo Flavio , Marques Tamara , Micheli Leticia
Published: May 2022

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement arose to put a much-needed spotlight on police brutality and systemic racism. In two comprehensive studies, we sought to investigate the determinants of support for the BLM movement. First, in a systematic review 1,588 records were identified and findings from twenty-four studies (Npooled=27,691) were narratively synthesized along five categories relating to demographics, race, partisanship and ideology, discrimination and prejudice, and psychology. Second, we exhaustively examined the determinants of BLM support across thirteen probability-based nationally representative datasets (Npooled=31,779), finding thirty-seven common predictors for which individual meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the strength and robustness of their associations. Our results suggest a near perfect match between BLM opposition and positive attitudes towards political actors and institutions rooted in systemic racism in the United States. The present work contributes to a broad categorization of correlates of support for BLM across social, psychological, and political domains.
Radiation Properties Improvement of 1 × 4 Array of Wideband Printed Antenna Supported by AMC Surface for Vehicular MIMO Systems
Authors: Malekpoor Hossein , Shahraki Mojtaba
Published: May 2022

A 1 × 4 array of printed dipole antenna (PDA) with a broadband rhomboid artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced. A suggested PDA using a pair of microstrip dipoles with unequal arms excited by a T‐shaped microstrip feedline expands the bandwidth in the measured range of 5.27–6.74 GHz. Then, the suggested 3 × 3 AMC reflector is inserted into the PDA to exhibit −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 4.20 to 7.11 GHz for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 46.72%, enhanced gain up to 8.4 dBi, and excellent impedance matching with unidirectional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell operates at 6.20 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.09–7.21 GHz. Also, by loading a 3 × 8 AMC periodic array on a FR4 substrate with 3 mm thickness underneath the four‐element array of PDA with a gap distance of 3 mm, a low‐profile wideband structure with enhanced radiation properties is achieved. The measured S‐parameters show the broad bandwidth from 4.26 to 7.28 GHz with enhanced gains and efficiencies of all elements. Besides, the suitable isolation between the array elements of more than 30 dB for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems is achieved by applying various polarized directions of PDAs and loading the 3 × 8 periodic AMC reflector. Finally, the proposed MIMO design introduces remarkable advantages of good size reduction and bandwidth enhancement, low‐profile antenna with high stable gain, high efficiency and large isolation, and unidirectional radiation patterns with reduced backside direction.
The Chemistry of Mercury in the Stratosphere
Authors: Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Acuña A. Ulises , Mahajan Anoop S. , Dávalos Juan Z. , Feng Wuhu , Roca‐Sanjuán Daniel , Carmona‐García Javier , Cuevas Carlos A. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Francisco Joseph S. , Plane John M. C.
Published: May 2022

Mercury, a global contaminant, enters the stratosphere through convective uplift, but its chemical cycling in the stratosphere is unknown. We report the first model of stratospheric mercury chemistry based on a novel photosensitized oxidation mechanism. We find two very distinct Hg chemical regimes in the stratosphere: in the upper stratosphere, above the ozone maximum concentration, Hg0 oxidation is initiated by photosensitized reactions, followed by second‐step chlorine chemistry. In the lower stratosphere, ground‐state Hg0 is oxidized by thermal reactions at much slower rates. This dichotomy arises due to the coincidence of the mercury absorption at 253.7 nm with the ozone Hartley band maximum at 254 nm. We also find that stratospheric Hg oxidation, controlled by chlorine and hydroxyl radicals, is much faster than previously assumed, but moderated by efficient photo‐reduction of mercury compounds. Mercury lifetime shows a steep increase from hours in the upper‐middle stratosphere to years in the lower stratosphere.
Bursty Bulk Flow Turbulence as a Source of Energetic Particles to the Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Ergun R. E. , Usanova M. E. , Turner D. L. , Stawarz J. E.
Published: May 2022

We report observations of a Bursty Bulk Flow (BBF) penetrating close to the outer edge of the radiation belt. The turbulent BBF braking region is characterized by ion velocity fluctuations, magnetic field (B) variations, and intense electric fields (E). In this event, energetic (>100 keV) electron and ion fluxes are appreciably enhanced. Importantly, fluctuations in energetic electrons and ions suggest local energization. Using correlation distances and other observed characteristics of turbulent E, test‐particle simulations support local energization by E that favors higher‐energy electrons and leads to an enhanced energetic shoulder and tail in the electron distributions. The energetic shoulder and tail could be amplified to MeV energies by adiabatic transport into the radiation belt where |B| is higher. This analysis suggests that turbulence generated by BBFs can, in part, supply energetic particles to the outer radiation belt and that turbulence can be a significant contributor to particle acceleration.
A Lower Mantle Slab Below the East Asia Margin Constrained by Seismic Waveform Complexity
Authors: Yu Jing , Sun Daoyuan
Published: May 2022

The precise location, morphology, and physical properties of the slab in the lower mantle provide critical information for deciphering the subduction history. Here, we study the waveform complexity of the data recorded by the dense China National Seismograph Network and delineate a lower mantle slab structure below the East Asia margin. For the events that occurred in the Solomon Island area, we observe fast and strongly multipathed S waveforms at the stations near the Sichuan Basin. Furthermore, the observed multipathing patterns vary among different events, which provide robust constraints for the depth of this lower mantle slab. Through detailed waveform modeling, we confirm that a southeastern‐dipping low‐mantle slab exists at a depth of 1,000 km below the East Asia margin with a shear wave velocity perturbation of 2.5%, a length of 1,000 km, and a thickness of 200 km. The spatial correlation between the imaged lower mantle slab and the plate reconstruction model suggests that this slab may be a fragment of the Izanagi Plate from the late Cretaceous subducted beneath the proto South China Sea. However, this southeastern‐dipping structure may invoke the hypothesis of intraoceanic subduction within the Izanagi Plate since the late Cretaceous, which might exist further south of the western Pacific.
A User Guide for Choosing Planktic Foraminiferal Mg/Ca‐Temperature Calibrations
Authors: Rosenthal Yair , Bova Samantha , Zhou Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

Although foraminiferal magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) measurements are now widely used for reconstructing sea surface temperature (SST), there is uncertainty about the fidelity of different calibrations of this proxy. Whereas single‐variable calibrations suggest temperature sensitivity of about 9–10% per °C, multivariable calibrations suggest ∼6% per °C, with additional dependence on salinity and pH. Here, we apply five calibrations to six published Mg/Ca records of Globigerinoides ruber, a planktic foraminifer typically used for reconstructing low latitude SST during the Pleistocene. Reconstructed SST by the different calibrations, spanning the past 250,000 years, can be offset by a few degrees, possibly reflecting variable dissolution or hydrographic effects. However, for 4 out of 5 calibrations, the reconstructed temperature anomalies yield estimates that are consistent within the calibrations' uncertainty (<±1 °C), despite the fundamental differences in temperature sensitivity among the equations. We further propose a new seawater Mg/Ca record for the late Neogene and show that the same consistency holds for longer time scales (∼4 My) independently of the choice of the calibration or which seawater Mg/Ca record is used. These comparisons attest to the robustness of the calibrations despite all the confounding nonthermal effects, and offer an empirical basis for researchers and reviewers to judge the records without any prejudice about which calibration is the “best” and evaluate their uncertainties.
Hepatocyte Bcl-3 protects from death-receptor mediated apoptosis and subsequent acute liver failure
Authors: Gehrke Nadine , Wörns Marcus A. , Mann Amrit , Hövelmeyer Nadine , Waisman Ari , Straub Beate K. , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M.
Published: May 2022

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare entity but exhibits a high mortality. The mechanisms underlying ALF are not completely understood. The present study explored the role of the hepatic B cell leukemia-3 (Bcl-3), a transcriptional regulator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), in two independent models of ALF. We employed a recently developed transgenic mouse model in a C57BL6/J background comparing wild-type (WT) and transgenic littermates with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 (Bcl-3Hep) in the ALF model of d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the apoptosis-inducing CD95 (FAS/APO-1)-ligand was explored. Bcl-3Hep mice exhibited a significant protection from ALF with decreased serum transaminases, decreased activation of the apoptotic caspases 8, 9, and 3, lower rates of oxidative stress, B-cell lymphoma 2 like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL) degradation and accompanying mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and ultimately a decreased mortality rate from d-GalN/LPS compared to WT mice. d-GalN/LPS treatment resulted in a marked inflammatory cytokine release and stimulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling comparably in the hepatic compartment of Bcl-3Hep and WT mice. However, in contrast to the WT, Bcl-3Hep mice showed a diminished rate of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-β) degradation, persistent receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 function and thus prolonged cytoprotective nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 signaling through increased p65 stability and enhanced transcription. Likewise, Bcl-3 overexpression in hepatocytes protected from ALF with massive hepatocyte apoptosis induced by the anti-FAS antibody Jo2. The protection was also linked to IKK-β stabilization. Overall, our study showed that Bcl-3 rendered hepatocytes more resistant to hepatotoxicity induced by d-GalN/LPS and FAS-ligand. Therefore, Bcl-3 appears to be a critical regulator of the dynamics in ALF through IKK-β.
Compound heterozygous variants in MAN2B2 identified in a Chinese child with congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Tian Qi , Shu Li , Shu Chuqiang , Xi Hui , Ma Na , Mao Xiao , Wang Hua
Published: May 2022

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a group inherited disorders. It is characterized by multi-organ dysfunction with significant morbidity and mortality. MAN2B2-CDG caused by pathogenic variants in the MAN2B2 gene was a rare CDG. To date, only one case of MAN2B2-CDG was reported. The representative clinical features were immune deficiency, dysmorphic facial features, coagulopathy, and severe developmental delay. More cases are needed to support the pathogenesis of MAN2B2 variation and elucidate its clinical heterogeneity. In this study, we described the clinical presentations of a CDG proband with compound heterozygous variants in MAN2B2. Serum N-glycan profiling was measured by MALDI coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). MALDI-TOF MS analysis of patient serum showed disorders of N-linked glycosylation, including increased N-glycans and elevated Man5/Man6 and Man5/Man9 value. Our proband presented severe developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features as in the previous case. But our case presented new features, including cleft palate and hypospadias with no immune deficiency. Our data expands both the molecular and clinical phenotypes of MAN2B2-CDG and highlights the importance of the role of MAN2B2 gene in CDG.
Highly stable and tunable peptoid/hemin enzymatic mimetics with natural peroxidase-like activities
Authors: Jian Tengyue , Zhou Yicheng , Wang Peipei , Yang Wenchao , Mu Peng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Xiao , Chen Chun-Long
Published: May 2022

Developing tunable and stable peroxidase mimetics with high catalytic efficiency provides a promising opportunity to improve and expand enzymatic catalysis in lignin depolymerization. A class of peptoid-based peroxidase mimetics with tunable catalytic activity and high stability is developed by constructing peptoids and hemins into self-assembled crystalline nanomaterials. By varying peptoid side chain chemistry to tailor the microenvironment of active sites, these self-assembled peptoid/hemin nanomaterials (Pep/hemin) exhibit highly modulable catalytic activities toward two lignin model substrates 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine. Among them, a Pep/hemin complex containing the pyridyl side chain showed the best catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km = 5.81 × 10−3 s−1). These Pep/hemin catalysts are highly stable; kinetics studies suggest that they follow a peroxidase-like mechanism. Moreover, they exhibit a high efficacy on depolymerization of a biorefinery lignin. Because Pep/hemin catalysts are highly robust and tunable, we expect that they offer tremendous opportunities for lignin valorization to high value products.
Dynamic arrest and aging of biomolecular condensates are modulated by low-complexity domains, RNA and biochemical activity
Authors: Linsenmeier Miriam , Hondele Maria , Grigolato Fulvio , Secchi Eleonora , Weis Karsten , Arosio Paolo
Published: May 2022

Biomolecular condensates require suitable control of material properties for their function. Here we apply Differential Dynamic Microscopy (DDM) to probe the material properties of an in vitro model of processing bodies consisting of out-of-equilibrium condensates formed by the DEAD-box ATPase Dhh1 in the presence of ATP and RNA. By applying this single-droplet technique we show that condensates within the same population exhibit a distribution of material properties, which are regulated on several levels. Removal of the low-complexity domains (LCDs) of the protein decreases the fluidity of the condensates. Structured RNA leads to a larger fraction of dynamically arrested condensates with respect to unstructured polyuridylic acid (polyU). Promotion of the enzymatic ATPase activity of Dhh1 reduces aging of the condensates and the formation of arrested structures, indicating that biochemical activity and material turnover can maintain fluid-like properties over time.
Neddylation inhibition induces glutamine uptake and metabolism by targeting CRL3SPOP E3 ligase in cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Qiyin , Lin Wenyu , Wang Chaoqun , Sun Fei , Ju Siwei , Chen Qian , Wang Yi , Chen Yongxia , Li Haomin , Wang Linbo , Hu Zeping , Jin Hongchuan , Wang Xian , Sun Yi
Published: May 2022

Abnormal neddylation activation is frequently observed in human cancers and neddylation inhibition has been proposed as a therapy for cancer. Here, we report that MLN4924, a small-molecule inhibitor of neddylation activating enzyme, increases glutamine uptake in breast cancer cells by causing accumulation of glutamine transporter ASCT2/SLC1A5, via inactivation of CRL3-SPOP E3 ligase. We show the E3 ligase SPOP promotes ASCT2 ubiquitylation, whereas SPOP itself is auto-ubiquitylated upon glutamine deprivation. Thus, SPOP and ASCT2 inversely regulate glutamine uptake and metabolism. SPOP knockdown increases ASCT2 levels to promote growth which is rescued by ASCT2 knockdown. Adding ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 enhances MLN4924 suppression of tumor growth. In human breast cancer specimens, SPOP and ASCT2 levels are inversely correlated, whereas lower SPOP with higher ASCT2 predicts a worse patient survival. Collectively, our study links neddylation to glutamine metabolism via the SPOP-ASCT2 axis and provides a rational drug combination for enhanced cancer therapy.
Omega-3 fatty acid epoxides produced by PAF-AH2 in mast cells regulate pulmonary vascular remodeling
Authors: Moriyama Hidenori , Endo Jin , Kataoka Masaharu , Shimanaka Yuta , Kono Nozomu , Sugiura Yuki , Goto Shinichi , Kitakata Hiroki , Hiraide Takahiro , Yoshida Naohiro , Isobe Sarasa , Yamamoto Tsunehisa , Shirakawa Kohsuke , Anzai Atsushi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Suematsu Makoto , Kosaki Kenjiro , Fukuda Keiichi , Arai Hiroyuki , Sano Motoaki
Published: May 2022

Pulmonary hypertension is a fatal rare disease that causes right heart failure by elevated pulmonary arterial resistance. There is an unmet medical need for the development of therapeutics focusing on the pulmonary vascular remodeling. Bioactive lipids produced by perivascular inflammatory cells might modulate the vascular remodeling. Here, we show that ω-3 fatty acid-derived epoxides (ω-3 epoxides) released from mast cells by PAF-AH2, an oxidized phospholipid-selective phospholipase A2, negatively regulate pulmonary hypertension. Genetic deletion of Pafah2 in mice accelerate vascular remodeling, resulting in exacerbation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with ω-3 epoxides suppresses the lung fibroblast activation by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. In vivo ω-3 epoxides supplementation attenuates the progression of pulmonary hypertension in several animal models. Furthermore, whole-exome sequencing for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension identifies two candidate pathogenic variants of Pafah2. Our findings support that the PAF-AH2-ω-3 epoxide production axis could be a promising therapeutic target for pulmonary hypertension.
Superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels
Authors: Ji Donghwan , Park Jae Min , Oh Myeong Seon , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Shin Hyunsu , Kim Jae Seong , Kim Dukjoon , Park Ho Seok , Kim Jaeyun
Published: May 2022

For the practical use of synthetic hydrogels as artificial biological tissues, flexible electronics, and conductive membranes, achieving requirements for specific mechanical properties is one of the most prominent issues. Here, we demonstrate superstrong, superstiff, and conductive alginate hydrogels with densely interconnecting networks implemented via simple reconstructing processes, consisting of anisotropic densification of pre-gel and a subsequent ionic crosslinking with rehydration. The reconstructed hydrogel exhibits broad ranges of exceptional tensile strengths (8–57 MPa) and elastic moduli (94–1,290 MPa) depending on crosslinking ions. This hydrogel can hold sufficient cations (e.g., Li+) within its gel matrix without compromising the mechanical performance and exhibits high ionic conductivity enough to be utilized as a gel electrolyte membrane. Further, this strategy can be applied to prepare mechanically outstanding, ionic-/electrical-conductive hydrogels by incorporating conducting polymer within the hydrogel matrix. Such hydrogels are easily laminated with strong interfacial adhesion by superficial de- and re-crosslinking processes, and the resulting layered hydrogel can act as a stable gel electrolyte membrane for an aqueous supercapacitor.
Two dimensional Airy beam soliton
Authors: Bouchet Thomas , Marsal Nicolas , Sciamanna Marc , Wolfersberger Delphine
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate the formation of a two dimensional Airy beam soliton in a photorefractive crystal. By simply varying the nonlinearity strength we identify several scenarios showing the coexistence between an Airy beam and the emerging soliton. The soliton output profile behaves according to the theoretical soliton existence curve and can be tailored by the nonlinearity strength even without modifying the input Airy beam shape. This last feature makes this Airy soliton distinct from the Gaussian beam generated photorefractive soliton.
Inducing metamorphosis in the irukandji jellyfish Carukia barnesi
Authors: O’Hara E. , Seymour J.
Published: May 2022

Here we utilize chemical ecology as a tool to manipulate the biological system of a small, but highly venomous to humans, cubozoan jellyfish, Carukia barnesi. We trialled a range of chemical reagents including indole compounds, 9-cis-retinoic acid and lugols solution to induce metamorphosis between the polyp and medusa life stages. An optimum method was determined resulting in a 90% metamorphosis rate to healthy medusa by exposing the polyps to 1 μM of 5-methoxy-2-methylindole for 24 h. Of note is that chemical exposure time significantly impacts health and metamorphosis rates in this species. We also present a theoretical mechanism for the chemical/biological interactions occurring during metamorphosis. This is a significant methodological advancement which now enables rearing of this animal en mass in aquaria—a world first for this species—which will subsequently supply and facilitate venom research into this understudied jellyfish.
Salivary immunity of elite collegiate American football players infected with SARS-CoV-2 normalizes following isolation
Authors: Granger Joshua , Cho Eunhan , Lindsey Kevin , Lemoine Nathan , Calvert Derek , Marucci Jack , Mullenix Shelly , O’Neal Hollis , Irving Brian A. , Johannsen Neil , Spielmann Guillaume
Published: May 2022

The impact of COVID-19 on systemic immunity in the general population has been well characterized, however the short-term effects of COVID-19 infection on innate salivary immunity in elite-level athletes are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether elite college football athletes had altered salivary immunity following the CDC-recommended isolation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Salivary samples were obtained from fourteen elite football players who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 14), immediately after CDC-recommended isolation (average days = 14 ± 2 days) and fifteen controls who remained uninfected with SARS-CoV-2. Biomarkers of innate salivary immunity (sIgA and alpha-amylase), antimicrobial proteins (AMPs, i.e., HNP1-3, lactoferrin, LL-37) and lung inflammation (SPA, SPLI, and Neutrophil Elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex) were measured. Independent student t-tests were used to determine changes in biomarkers between groups. Although all AMP levels were within normal range, Human Neutrophil Defensin 1–3 concentrations and secretion rates were higher in SARS-CoV-2+ compared to SARS-CoV-2–. This suggests that the CDC-recommended isolation period is sufficient to ensure that athletes’ salivary immunity is not compromised upon return to sports, and athletes post-COVID-19 infection do not appear to be at greater risk for secondary infection than those with no history of COVID-19.
AutoML-ID: automated machine learning model for intrusion detection using wireless sensor network
Authors: Singh Abhilash , Amutha J. , Nagar Jaiprakash , Sharma Sandeep , Lee Cheng-Chi
Published: May 2022

Momentous increase in the popularity of explainable machine learning models coupled with the dramatic increase in the use of synthetic data facilitates us to develop a cost-efficient machine learning model for fast intrusion detection and prevention at frontier areas using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The performance of any explainable machine learning model is driven by its hyperparameters. Several approaches have been developed and implemented successfully for optimising or tuning these hyperparameters for skillful predictions. However, the major drawback of these techniques, including the manual selection of the optimal hyperparameters, is that they depend highly on the problem and demand application-specific expertise. In this paper, we introduced Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) model to automatically select the machine learning model (among support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, binary decision tree, bagging ensemble learning, boosting ensemble learning, kernel regression, and linear regression model) and to automate the hyperparameters optimisation for accurate prediction of numbers of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention using Bayesian optimisation. To do so, we extracted four synthetic predictors, namely, area of the region, sensing range of the sensor, transmission range of the sensor, and the number of sensors using Monte Carlo simulation. We used 80% of the datasets to train the models and the remaining 20% for testing the performance of the trained model. We found that the Gaussian process regression performs prodigiously and outperforms all the other considered explainable machine learning models with correlation coefficient (R = 1), root mean square error (RMSE = 0.007), and bias = − 0.006. Further, we also tested the AutoML performance on a publicly available intrusion dataset, and we observed a similar performance. This study will help the researchers accurately predict the required number of k-barriers for fast intrusion detection and prevention.
Correlation between the bending angle and protein sensing properties of molecularly imprinted hydrogel strips with a one-sided porous pattern
Authors: Yang Jin Chul , Hazarika Deepshikha , Lee Jihye , Hong Suck Won , Park Jinyoung
Published: May 2022

A visual observation of the bending angle changes of molecularly imprinted hydrogel strips with a one-sided porous pattern for the novel and easy detection of proteins.
DFT characterisation of a PdII → IIII adduct, and a PdII complex formed after oxidative alkenylation of PdII by [Ph(alkenyl)IIII]+, in Pd-mediated synthesis of benzofurans involving PdIV, annulation and chain-walking
Authors: Canty Allan J. , Ariafard Alireza , Malinakova Helena C.
Published: May 2022

PdII(C∼C)(bipy)-mediated synthesis of benzofurans utilising [Ph(alkenyl)IIII]+ reagents occurs via ‘PdII → IIII’ adducts, PdIV species, Caryl⋯Calkenyl coupling giving PdII complexes, annulation, and chain-walking processes to form the lowest energy benzofuran isomer.
Cyclam with a phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant arm is a bone-targeting carrier of copper radionuclides
Authors: Pazderová Lucia , Benešová Martina , Havlíčková Jana , Vojtíčková Margareta , Kotek Jan , Lubal Přemysl , Ullrich Martin , Walther Martin , Schulze Sabine , Neuber Christin , Rammelt Stefan , Pietzsch Hans-Jürgen , Pietzsch Jens , Kubíček Vojtěch , Hermann Petr
Published: May 2022

Cyclam bearing phosphinato-bis(phosphonate) pendant arm is an efficient bone-targeting carrier of copper radioisotopes showing fast complexation and labelling and high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness complexes.
Phosphorus guiding palladium: [4 + 4] metallomacrocyclic PdII complex and self-assembly of heterometallic PdII/ZnII grid-type complex
Authors: Clauss Reike , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2022

The heteroditopic ligand 1 demonstrates a distinctive coordination behavior for the one-pot self-assembly of the heterometallic PdII/ZnII grid-type complex. Moreover, mono- or dinuclear and [4 + 4] metallomacrocyclic PdII complexes have been obtained.
An isolated doughnut-like molybdenum(v) cobalto-phosphate cluster exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance for carbon dioxide conversion
Authors: Li Cheng , Jiang Heng-Yu , Wang Ji-Lei , Kang Run-Kun , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: May 2022

An isolated doughnut-like molybdenum(v) cobalto-phosphate cluster [Co@{Co16Mo16}] were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. And its photocatalytic CO2 performance is up to 6764.3 μmol g−1 h−1.
Improvement of multiple attenuation characteristics of two-dimensional lamellar ferrocobalt@carbon nanocomposites as excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers
Authors: Pan Junjie , Tu Weijun , Ma Shanhong , Sun Xin , Zhao Qiliang , Qu Hongjiao , Wang Tao , He Jianping
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional lamellar carbon matrix ferrocobalt nanocomposites are prepared by the NaCl template recrystallization and the coordination reaction. The Co0.9Fe0.1/C exhibits a broadband microwave absorption of 5.4 GHz at a thickness of 1.65 mm.
A comparative life cycle analysis of electromicrobial production systems
Authors: Abel Anthony J. , Adams Jeremy David , Clark Douglas S.
Published: May 2022

We employ physics-based bioreactor modelling and life cycle assessment to evaluate three potential electromicrobial production systems in terms of their productivity, energy demand, life cycle global warming potential, and land use.
A versatile and automated microfluidic platform for a quantitative magnetic bead based protocol: application to gluten detection
Authors: Parent Charlotte , Laurent Patricia , Goujon Charles-Elie , Mermet Xavier , Keiser Armelle , Boizot François , Charles Raymond , Audebert Lucas , Fouillet Yves , Cubizolles Myriam
Published: May 2022

We present an automated microfluidic platform using a hyperelastic membrane for quantitative magnetic bead based protocol integration.
Correction: Synthesis of lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite alternative nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity
Authors: Lu Chang , Itanze Dominique S. , Aragon Alexander G. , Ma Xiao , Li Hui , Ucer Kamil B. , Hewitt Corey , Carroll David L. , Williams Richard T. , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M.
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Synthesis of lead-free Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite alternative nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity’ by Chang Lu et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 2987–2991, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR07722G.
A unity‐gain approach to a simple FDNR‐based chaotic jerk oscillator
Authors: Chuayphan Natthorn , Srisuchinwong Banlue
Published: May 2022

A unity‐gain approach is proposed for a simple chaotic jerk oscillator based on frequency‐dependent negative resistance. Both unity‐gain and frequency‐dependent negative resistance techniques are demonstrated together, for the first time, for a simple chaotic jerk circuit. The oscillator is attractive due to the use of a grounded diode and circuit simplicity of only seven electronic components, only one of which is an active device. The simplicity results in fewer components of both active and passive devices compared to existing frequency‐dependent negative resistance‐based chaotic circuits. The maximised value of the largest Lyapunov exponent is relatively high at 14.62.
Mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm long AC cable integration
Authors: Jin Yanqiu , Xu Zheng , Li Sixun , Zhang Zheren
Published: May 2022

The high voltage alternating current transmission with submarine cables is the common scheme to integrate offshore wind farms close to the land. Due to the capacitive effect of AC cables, the association of the long AC cables and the onshore grid can cause resonances, which may amplify grid background harmonics. This paper focuses on the mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm integration. First, the background harmonic amplification mechanism in the offshore wind farm integration system is analysed qualitatively, and the mitigation approaches are given in principle. Then, taking a practical project as a study case, the harmonic modelling methods of the offshore grid and the onshore grid are elaborated, including the harmonic models of wind turbines, transformers, cables, the high voltage and the extra‐high voltage transmission grid, and the low voltage distribution network. According to the established harmonic models, the cause of background harmonic amplification is analysed. On this basis, two mitigation methods of installing the series blocking filter and the shunt filter are compared and the recommended mitigation scheme is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by calculation results under different grid operating conditions.
NIR spectroscopic survey of protostellar jets in the star-forming region IC 1396N
Authors: Massi F. , López R. , Beltrán M. T. , Estalella R. , Girart J. M.
Published: May 2022

Context. The bright-rimmed cloud IC 1396N, associated with an intermediate-mass star-forming region, hosts a number of CO, molecular hydrogen, and Herbig-Haro (HHs) outflows powered by a set of millimetre compact sources.

Aims. The aim of this work is to characterise the kinematics and physical conditions of the H2 emission features spread throughout the IC 1396N region. The features appear as chains of knots with a jet-like morphology and trace different H2 outflows. We also obtain further information about (and an identification of) the driving sources.

Methods. Low-resolution, long-slit near-infrared spectra were acquired with the NICS camera at the TNG telescope, using grisms KB (R ~ 1200), HK, and JH (R ~ 500). Several slit pointings and position angles were used throughout the IC 1396N region in order to sample a number of the H2 knots that were previously detected in deep H2 2.12 μm images.

Results. The knots exhibit rich ro–vibrational spectra of H2, consistent with shock-excited excitation, from which radial velocities and relevant physical conditions of the IC 1396N H2 outflows were derived. These also allowed estimating extinction ranges towards several features. [Fe ii] emission was only detected towards a few knots that also display unusually high H2 1–0 S(3)/S(1) flux ratios. The obtained radial velocities confirm that most of the outflows are close to the plane of the sky. Nearby knots in the same chain often display different radial velocities, both blue–shifted and red–shifted, which we interpret as due to ubiquitous jet precession in the driving sources or the development of oblique shocks. One of the chains (strand A, i.e. knots A1 to A15) appears as a set of features trailing a leading bow-shock structure consistent with the results of 3D magneto-hydrodynamical models. The sides of the leading bow shock (A15) exhibit different radial velocities. We discuss possible explanations. Our data cannot confirm whether strands A and B have both originated in the intermediate mass young stellar object [BGE2002] BIMA 2 because a simple model of a precessing jet cannot account for their locations.

Conclusions. Near-infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that most of the H2 ro-vibrational emission in IC 1396N is shock-excited rather than uv-excited in photon-dominated regions. It has shown a complex kinematical structure in most strands of emitting knots as well.
Restrained double Roman domination of a graph
Authors: Mojdeh Doost Ali , Masoumi Iman , Volkmann Lutz
Published: May 2022

For a graph G = (V, E), a restrained double Roman dominating function is a function f : V → {0, 1, 2, 3} having the property that if f(v) = 0, then the vertex v must have at least two neighbors assigned 2 under f or one neighbor w with f(w) = 3, and if f(v) = 1, then the vertex v must have at least one neighbor w with f(w) ≥ 2, and at the same time, the subgraph G[V0] which includes vertices with zero labels has no isolated vertex. The weight of a restrained double Roman dominating function f is the sum f(V) = ∑v∈V f(v), and the minimum weight of a restrained double Roman dominating function on G is the restrained double Roman domination number of G. We initiate the study of restrained double Roman domination with proving that the problem of computing this parameter is NP-hard. Then we present an upper bound on the restrained double Roman domination number of a connected graph G in terms of the order of G and characterize the graphs attaining this bound. We study the restrained double Roman domination versus the restrained Roman domination. Finally, we investigate the bounds for the restrained double Roman domination of trees and determine trees T attaining the exhibited bounds.
Die DRG-Systematik der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Beyer Joachim , Römer Andreas , Hammerich Ralf , Reißhauer Anett
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Fachübergreifende
Frührehabilitation (FR) ist die Anwendung einer intensiven
rehabilitativen Intervention noch während der akutmedizinischen
Behandlung im Krankenhaus. Nach der Einführung des Komplexkodes im Jahr
2005, dessen Mindestmerkmale im Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel
detailliert festgelegt sind (OPS 8–559.-), stehen im DRG-System siebzehn
separate Fallpauschalen zur Verfügung. Im DRG-Grouping zeigt sich jedoch
eine sehr unterschiedliche Auswirkung im Kontext der auslösenden
Behandlungsaspekte. Ziel war die Darstellung der DRG-Systematik zur
fachübergreifenden Frührehabilitation und einer Umfrage zu
Strukturmerkmalen unter bundesdeutschen Kliniken mit einer Abteilung für
eine fachübergreifende Frührehabilitation.

Methoden Die DRG-Systematik bei Anwendung der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation wurde exemplarisch dargestellt. Eine anonymisierte
Umfrage zu Strukturmerkmalen und Kennzahlen zur DRG-Systematik wurde unter
Kliniken mit entsprechender Fachabteilung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die DRG-Systematik unterscheidet in 2018 einerseits
„klassische“ Fallpauschalen mit einem identischen Casemix
zwischen unterer und oberer Grenzverweildauer und andererseits
krankenhausindividuelle Entgelte für DRGs, die nicht mit einem Casemix
in einer Fallpauschale vergütet werden. Unter den Fallpauschalen nehmen
die Prä-MDC eine Sonderstellung ein. Die Klinik- Befragung ergab, dass
die DRGs „Frührehabilitation bei Krankheiten und
Störungen an Muskel-Skelett-System und Bindegewebe“ ohne (I40Z)
und mit (I96Z) operativen Prozeduren die in 2018 am häufigsten
abgerechneten DRGs in diesen Kliniken sind. Eine Mehrheit (7 von 10) der
befragten Kliniken bietet zusätzlich noch eine
neurologisch-neurochirurgische oder geriatrische Frührehabilitation
an.

Diskussion Patient:innen mit entsprechendem Bedarf haben einen im
Sozialgesetz verankerten Anspruch auf Frührehabilitation noch im
Akutkrankenhaus. Warum wird dieser Anspruch und auch der Bedarf so wenig
konsequent umgesetzt? Sicher, die DRG-Systematik der fachübergreifenden
Frührehabilitation ist komplex, gestaltet sich jedoch nach der hier
dargestellten Systematik gut kalkulierbar.
Entwicklung eines standardisierten Fragebogens für die präklinische Analgesie zur Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit nach Anwendung eines Analgesieverfahrens durch
Rettungsfachpersonal
Authors: Sander Henning , Matschuck Guido , Möckel Martin , Nübling Matthias , Gnirke André
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund Eine erste Patientenbefragung in der Rettungsdienst-Kooperation in Schleswig-Holstein (RKiSH) gGmbH zur Patientenzufriedenheit nach Analgesiebehandlung wurde in den
Jahren 2018 und 2019 durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Anwendungen des präklinischen Analgesiekonzepts durch Rettungsfachpersonal führte zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Medikation keinen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Patientenzufriedenheit hat. Die Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens und die allgemeine Nutzbarkeit stehen hier im Fokus.

Methode Die Befragungsergebnisse wurden in Faktorenanalysen und Reliabilitätsanalysen getestet und es wurde psychometrisch geprüft, ob und wie sich die einzelnen Qualitätsindikatoren
des ursprünglichen Fragebogens in übergeordnete Skalen/Dimensionen zusammenfassen lassen.

Ergebnisse 363 Patienten schickten einen gültigen Fragebogen anonym zurück (820 wurden angeschrieben, Rückläuferquote von 44,3%). Es wurden die Skalen Schmerzbehandlung,
Fachpersonal, Wartezeit und Verträglichkeit gebildet. Die nicht zuordnungsfähigen Einzelfragen wurden entfernt. Die soziodemografischen Daten sind hier dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Patientenzufriedenheit wurde mit einem psychometrisch geprüften Fragebogen ermittelt. Somit liegt nun ein weiterentwickelter Fragebogen vor, der mithilfe von
Faktorenanalysen und Reliabilitätsanalysen analysiert und psychometrisch geprüft wurde und auch in anderen Rettungsdienstbereichen eingesetzt werden kann.
Risk of Death at 1 Year Following Postpartum Opioid Exposure
Authors: Horn Arlyn , Adgent Margaret A. , Osmundson Sarah S. , Wiese Andrew D. , Phillips Sharon E. , Patrick Stephen W. , Griffin Marie R. , Grijalva Carlos G.
Published: May 2022

Objective Opioids are commonly prescribed to women for acute pain following childbirth. Postpartum prescription opioid exposure is associated with adverse opioid-related morbidities but the association with all-cause mortality is not well studied. This study aimed to examine the association between postpartum opioid prescription fills and the 1-year risk of all-cause mortality among women with live births.

Methods In a retrospective cohort study of live births among women enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare) between 2007 and 2015, we compared women who filled two or more postpartum outpatient opioid prescriptions (up to 41 days of postdelivery discharge) to women who filled one or fewer opioid prescription. Women were followed from day 42 postdelivery discharge through 365 days of follow-up or date of death. Deaths were identified using linked death certificates (2007–2016). We used Cox's proportional hazard regression and inverse probability of treatment weights to compare time to death between exposure groups while adjusting for relevant confounders. We also examined effect modification by delivery route, race, opioid use disorder, use of benzodiazepines, and mental health condition diagnosis.

Results Among 264,135 eligible births, 216,762 (82.1%) had one or fewer maternal postpartum opioid fills and 47,373 (17.9%) had two or more fills. There were 182 deaths during follow-up. The mortality rate was higher in women with two or more fills (120.5 per 100,000 person-years) than in those with one or fewer (57.7 per 100,000 person-years). The risk of maternal death remained higher in participants exposed to two or more opioid fills after accounting for relevant covariates using inverse probability of treatment weighting (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.09]). Findings from stratified analyses were consistent with main findings.

Conclusion Filling two or more opioid prescriptions during the postpartum period was associated with a significant increase in 1-year risk of death among new mothers.

Key Points
Acidified Feedings in Preterm Infants: A Historical and Physiological Perspective
Authors: Barrett-Reis Bridget , Shakeel Fauzia , Dennis Laura , Baggs Geraldine , Masor Marc L.
Published: May 2022

The use of acidified milk for feeding infants has a long, interesting history that appears to have developed from the use of buttermilk in Holland as early as the late 19th century for feeding infants with diarrhea. Physicians in the early 20th century assumed that the observed benefits were from buttermilk's acidity leading to the practice of acidifying infant formula. The historical and physiological perspective on the use of acidified infant formula is now especially relevant with the emergence of an acidified liquid human milk fortifier for preterm infants. Here, we review that history, with a deeper dive into the contemporary research on the use of acidified human milk fortifiers, the consequences for preterm infants, and the underlying physiological mechanisms.

Key Points
Mode-selective single-dipole excitation and controlled routing of guided waves in a multi-mode topological waveguide
Authors: Li Yandong , Yu Yang , Lai Kueifu , Han Yuchen , Gao Fei , Zhang Baile , Shvets Gennady
Published: May 2022

Topology-linked binary degrees of freedom of guided waves have been used to expand the channel capacity of and to ensure robust transmission through photonic waveguides. However, selectively exciting optical modes associated with the desired degree of freedom is challenging and typically requires spatially extended sources or filters. Both approaches are incompatible with the ultimate objective of developing compact mode-selective sources powered by single emitters. In addition, the implementation of highly desirable functionalities, such as controllable distribution of guided modes between multiple detectors, becomes challenging in highly compact devices due to photon loss to reflections. Here, we demonstrate that a linearly polarized dipole-like source can selectively excite a topologically robust edge mode with the desired valley degree of freedom. Reflection-free routing of valley-polarized edge modes into two spatially separated detectors with reconfigurable splitting ratios is also presented. An optical implementation of such a source will have the potential to broaden the applications of topological photonic devices.
An investigation of shock-induced phase transition in soda-lime glass
Authors: Joshi Akshay , Gandhi Vatsa , Ravindran Suraj , Ravichandran Guruswami
Published: May 2022

There exists a large body of evidence from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to suggest the occurrence of phase transitions in soda-lime glass (SLG) and other silica glasses subject to shock compression to pressures above 3 GPa. In light of these findings, the current work investigated the existence of phase transition in SLG using shock and release experiments. The experiments employed symmetric SLG–SLG impact to achieve complete unloading to zero stress after shock compression to stresses in the range of 3–7 GPa. The stress–strain response and the Lagrangian release wave speed behavior of SLG obtained from these experiments are seen to reveal a mismatch between the loading and unloading paths of the pressure–strain curve for the material, which serves as compelling evidence for the occurrence of a shock-induced phase transition in the material at relatively low pressures. Furthermore, the release wave speed vs strain data obtained from experiments were used to construct a methodology for modeling the shock and release behavior of SLG. This scheme implemented in numerical simulations was able to capture the release behavior of shock compressed SLG, for which a robust and satisfactory model was previously unavailable.
Epitaxial mid-IR nanophotonic optoelectronics
Authors: Nordin L. , Wasserman D.
Published: May 2022

There are a range of fundamental challenges associated with scaling optoelectronic devices down to the nano-scale, and the past decades have seen significant research dedicated to the development of sub-diffraction-limit optical devices, often relying on the plasmonic response of metal structures. At the longer wavelengths associated with the mid-infrared, dramatic changes in the optical response of traditional nanophotonic materials, reduced efficiency optoelectronic active regions, and a host of deleterious and/or parasitic effects makes nano-scale optoelectronics at micro-scale wavelengths particularly challenging. In this Perspective, we describe recent work leveraging a class of infrared plasmonic materials, highly doped semiconductors, which not only support sub-diffraction-limit plasmonic modes at long wavelengths, but which can also be integrated into a range of optoelectronic device architectures. We discuss how the wavelength-dependent optical response of these materials can serve a number of different photonic device designs, including dielectric waveguides, epsilon-near-zero dynamic optical devices, cavity-based optoelectronics, and plasmonic device architectures. We present recent results demonstrating that the highly doped semiconductor class of materials offers the opportunity for monolithic, all-epitaxial, device architectures out-performing current state of the art commercial devices, and discuss the perspectives and promise of these materials for infrared nanophotonic optoelectronics.
Quasi-flat high-index acoustic lens for 3D underwater ultrasound focusing
Authors: Lombard Olivier , Kumar Raj , Mondain-Monval Olivier , Brunet Thomas , Poncelet Olivier
Published: May 2022

We report a quasi-flat and sub-wavelength acoustic lens built using a soft matter process for broadband ultrasonic 3D focusing in water. By using a simple emulsion templating method, a soft porous material with a high acoustic index relative to water (∼5) has been molded and shaped into a convergent lens with a very low curvature and a thickness smaller than the working wavelength in water. This kind of acoustic metasurface generates a narrow focused beam, and its focal length can be adjusted. These acoustic lenses may be of great interest for underwater applications, where acoustic focusing and imaging are highly demanded.