bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral quantification of D‐, L‐phenylglycine mixture using mass spectrometric kinetic method
Authors: Ming Li , Zhiqiang Liu , Huanwen Chen , Shuying Liu , Qinhan Jin
Published: June 2005

A novel mass spectrometric method is applied to rapid, accurate, quantitative analysis of chiral phenylglycine. Transition‐metal–bound complex ions containing the chiral phenylglycine are generated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation. The ratio of the two competitive dissociation rates is related to the enantiomeric composition of the mixture, allowing the determination of enantiomeric contamination in the intermediates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: Report on a case originally diagnosed as dopa‐responsive dystonia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Paviour Dominic C. , Revesz Tamas , Holton Janice L. , Evans Andrew , Olsson Jan‐Edvin , Lees Andrew J.
Published: June 2005

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical picture characterized by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and glial cells. We describe a case, reported 12 years ago as dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD) with Lewy body pathology. Pathological re‐examination has led to a revised diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. This rare condition, which may be diagnosed in life with a full thickness rectal biopsy, needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of any case presenting as progressive juvenile parkinsonism (JP) or dystonia. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Unusual cause of lung and renal disease in a baby with trisomy 21
Authors: Navarro A. , Jiménez J. , Ríos T. , Mestanza F. , Aguirre I. , Urquizo R.
Published: June 2005

We describe a case of right thoracic ectopic kidney in a 13‐month‐old boy with trisomy 21. We think an intrathoracic kidney should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a thoracic mass. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:173–174. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystic fibrosis and Russell‐Silver syndrome in a child with maternal isodisomy of chromosome 7
Authors: Sonnappa Samatha , Prescott Katrina , Adler Beryl , Dinwiddie Robert , Wallis Colin
Published: June 2005

A 6‐year‐old Asian girl was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at 3 months of age, following investigations for failure to thrive. She had intrauterine growth retardation and continued to have restricted postnatal growth, despite adequate caloric intake and enzyme replacement therapy. Further investigations were initiated when she was 5 years old, as her growth was not responding to the usual treatment measures. These tests revealed that she had maternal isodisomy of chromosome 7. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:166–168. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dead‐time correction of synchrotron radiation‐based XRF measurements at decaying storage ring current
Authors: Görner W.
Published: June 2005

Strong requirements due to the certification of reference materials or to lowering substantially the limits of determination of elements may require the analyst using XRF at a synchrotron beamline to carry out very long measurements, especially during unattended night runs. In this case, the problem of correction of the combined effect of the exponentially decaying fluorescence radiation, caused by the diminishing electron current of the storage ring, and the resulting time‐dependent dead‐time fraction of the spectrometer has to be faced. This effect cannot be treated solely by dead‐time meter or by beam monitor and will deteriorate the quantitative correctness of the analytical results. Fortunately, the exponential behaviour of the irradiating beam transfers to all components of the fluorescence spectrum. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an analytical solution for the time integral of the measurement. The equation is identical with that found for the dead‐time affected measurement of a pure short‐lived isotope. Graphs for correcting the apparent peak pulse rates in order to obtain true rates at the beginning of the measurement and for error propagation of half‐life and dead‐time are presented. As the case of non‐extended dead‐time was dealt with, the correction of extended dead‐time will have to be treated in the future. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistant Tennis Elbow
Authors: HEYSE-MOORE G. H.
Published: June 2005

Fifty cases of resistant tennis elbow were studied, thirty seven of these had been treated by lengthening the tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis, and thirteen by decompression of the radial tunnel. The two groups were well matched in terms of age, sex and pre-operative symptoms and signs. It was found that the results of surgery were very similar in the two groups and this observation is explained by anatomical study showing that surgical division of the fibrous arch of the superficial leaf of supinator will relieve tension on the lateral epicondyle and its adjacent structures thus allowing relief of symptoms independently of radial or posterior interosseous nerve decompression. This elaborates previously published work showing that there is no clinical or electrical evidence of radial nerve entrapment in resistant tennis elbow.
Interphalangeal Joint Stiffness Following Claw Hand Reconstruction
Authors: SUNDARARAJ G. D. , MANI K.
Published: June 2005

Conventional immobilisation following surgery for claw hand reconstruction necessitates altogether more than six weeks of post-operative physiotherapy. Two to four weeks of physiotherapy was required for re-education of the transferred tendons and an additional period of physiotherapy was needed to overcome the interphalangeal joint stiffness seen in all hands—even those with no pre-operative I.P. stiffness.

Fifty hands with no pre-operative I.P. stiffness were immobilised post-operatively following claw hand correction by three different techniques, (Conventional technique 20 hands; Modification type 1, 10 hands and Modification type 2, 20 hands). Modification type 1 produced unsatisfactory results. Modification type 2 however, resulted in near total absence of I.P. stiffness with no additional physiotherapy required to overcome the minimal stiffness, without interfering with the results of reconstructive surgery. Type 2 immobilisation was achieved by a volar plaster slab extending from just below the elbow to the finger tips with circumferential plaster up to just beyond the metacarpophalangeal joints. Modification type 2 is recommended.
Continuous Blood-letting for Congestion in Replantation of the Amputated Finger
Authors: SADAHIRO T. , ENDOH H.
Published: June 2005

Experimental and clinical studies have been made on the function of the venous system in the replantation of the contused severed finger. In experiments on rats replantation of severed limbs was more successful in a group treated by continuous blood-letting and anastomosis of the artery alone, compared with controls in which only the artery was anastomosed. Histologically, in the first group there was less congestion, thrombus-formation, oedema and exudative haemorrhage in the initial stage; in the reparative phase there was less granulation and the degree of muscular degeneration was very slight. Clinically, contused, severed fingers were successfully replanted when venous anastomosis was impossible or incomplete, by using the fish-mouth incision for continous blood-letting. The resulting scar caused no problem aesthetically or functionally.
Twenty Four Thumb Replantations
Authors: EARLEY M. J. , WATSON J. S.
Published: June 2005

Of 40 patients with amputated thumbs referred for replantation to the Manchester Microsurgical Unit over five and a half years, 10 (25%) were not considered to be feasible replants, 6(15%) were abandoned at the primary operation, and 24 were replanted. Mode of selection of patients for replantation and operative methods are considered. The 14 thumb replants that survived were studied in detail and functional results are presented. Only one patient had a result that prevented normal activities, the remainder having returned to former occupations.
Dorsal Metacarpal Reverse Flaps
Authors: DAUTEL G. , MERLE M.
Published: June 2005

The presence of distal intermetacarpal anastomoses between dorsal and palmar vascular networks makes it possible to raise distally-based cutaneous island flaps oriented along the axis of the dorsal metacarpal arteries. These flaps receive a reverse-flow vascularisation. Distal intermetacarpal anastomoses were found consistently in 35 hands from adult cadavers. The exact location of these anastomoses varied with the course of the dorsal metacarpal artery. Thus, island flaps can be raised consistently from the dorsal aspect of the hand and rotated around a distal intermetacarpal pivot. These flaps are suitable for covering the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx and the proximal interphalangeal joint.
Macrodactyly in Proteus Syndrome
Authors: MIURA H. , UCHIDA Y. , IHARA. K. , SUGIOKA Y.
Published: June 2005

A case of Proteus syndrome in a 13-year-old boy with macrodactyly, hemihypertrophy, exostosis of the skull, epidermal naevi, palmar and plantar masses, and scoliosis is reported. Macrodactyly involving the left thumb was treated surgically. The usual findings in macrodactyly, hypertrophy of the digital nerves and proliferation of subcutaneous fat, were not observed in this case. Macrodactyly associated with Proteus syndrome should be distinguished from other forms of macrodactyly because of its poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence.
Intermittent Axillary Nerve Palsy Caused by a Humeral Exostosis
Authors: WITTHAUT J. , STEFFENS K. J. , KOOB E.
Published: June 2005

We report an uncommon case of intermittent axillary nerve palsy caused by a humeral exostosis in an 11-year-old boy. After excision of the cartilagenous exostosis of the proximal end of the left humerus, the pre-operative symptoms of axillary nerve compression were alleviated.
Lumbrical Muscle Incursion into the Carpal Tunnel During Finger Flexion
Authors: COBB T. K. , AN K.-N. , COONEY W. P. , BERGER R. A.
Published: June 2005

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the many so-called cumulative trauma disorders thought by some to be related to the performance of repetitive tasks in the work-place. The cause of this disorder is unknown. We have observed lumbrical muscle incursion into the carpal tunnel during finger flexion. This study was conducted to determine the amount of this incursion in normal wrists. Five cadaver upper limbs were analyzed radiographically with radiopaque markers on the flexor retinaculum and the lumbrical muscle origins in four finger positions: full extension, 50% flexion, 75% flexion, and 100% finger flexion. The lumbrical muscle origins were an average of 7.8 mm distal to the carpal tunnel in full finger extension. They moved an average of 14 mm into the carpal tunnel with 50% finger flexion, 25.5 mm with 75% flexion, and 30 mm with 100% flexion. Abnormal lumbrical muscles have been cited as a possible cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. These findings suggest that lumbrical muscle incursion during finger flexion is a normal occurrence and is a possible cause of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome.
Effects of doping on the kinetics of laser-induced low-temperature crystallization of amorphous silicon
Authors: Khait Yu. L. , Beserman R. , Chack A. , Beyer W.
Published: June 2005

Substantial effects of boron and phosphorus doping on the kinetics of laser-induced crystallization (LIC) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) are reported. A kinetic nanoscopic electron-related LIC model that suggests predictions and explanations of observed effects of B and P doping on the LIC temperatures and crystallite size in a-Si:H is presented. The LIC is considered to be the integral effect of a huge number of nanoscale picosecond material reconstructions, each of which is generated by a nanoscopic short-lived (picosecond) large-energy fluctuation. The LIC in doped a-Si:H occurs at temperatures substantially lower than those found in the crystallization in a furnace. Crystallite size in B-doped a-Si:H is half of that in P-doped and undoped material.
Epitaxial growth and characteristics of N-doped anatase TiO2 films grown using a free-radical nitrogen oxide source
Authors: Matsui Hiroaki , Tabata Hitoshi , Hasuike Noriyuki , Harima Hiroshi , Mizobuchi Bunsho
Published: June 2005

This paper reports on a systematic investigation of nitrogen (N) doping in single-crystalline TiO2 films possessing an anatase phase. TiO2 films heavily doped with N were grown with high crystallinity by employing a pulsed laser ablation technique using a close lattice-matched LaAlO3 (100) substrate and NO as the source gases for N doping. N15 and O18 isotope tracing by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy confirmed that N and O atoms were simultaneously incorporated into the films as a consequence of the gas phase reactions between Ti-related chemical species ablated by the laser and NO free radicals. The films yielded an absorption band at around 3.0 eV, as expected from the yellowish color, with band tailing becoming stronger with increasing N concentration. It is suggested that N-related complex defects in TiO2 acted as carrier compensation centers. Micro-Raman spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 1μm2 revealed host-lattice defects and generation of secondary phases at the microscopic scale by N doping. This work showed that the visible absorption band in N-doped TiO2 films can be attributed to small structural modifications consisting of N-related complex defects and secondary phases formed at the microscopic scale. These structural modifications were associated with a concomitant enhancement in photocatalytic activity.
Dynamics of the C(D1)+D2 reaction: A comparison of crossed molecular-beam experiments with quasiclassical trajectory and accurate statistical calculations
Authors: Balucani Nadia , Capozza Giovanni , Segoloni Enrico , Russo Andrea , Bobbenkamp Rolf , Casavecchia Piergiorgio , Gonzalez-Lezana Tomas , Rackham Edward J. , Bañares Luis , Aoiz F. Javier
Published: June 2005

In this paper we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the dynamics of the insertion reaction C(D1)+D2 at 15.5kJmol−1 collision energy. Product angular and velocity distributions have been obtained in crossed beam experiments and quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) and rigorous statistical calculations have been performed on the recent and accurate ab initio potential energy surface of Bussery-Honvault, Honvault, and Launay at the energy of the experiment. The molecular-beam results have been simulated using the theoretical calculations. Good agreement between experiment and both QCT and statistical predictions is found.
Simulation of cluster formation in laser-ablated silicon plumes
Authors: Franklin Sushmita R. , Thareja R. K.
Published: June 2005

We have developed a simple model to simulate the clusters formation in laser-ablated plume in an ambient atmosphere of inert gas. The model uses the reaction-rate theory as applied to quantum oscillators in conjunction with transition state theory to synthesize and optimize the nanoparticles in the ablated plume. The evolution of cluster size is obtained by incorporating diffusion of ambient gas into an adiabatically expanding plume. Various rate constants of clustering reactions are calculated using collision rate and transition state theory. We have used the model to simulate the spatial and temporal extents of silicon nanoparticle formation in laser-ablated silicon plume generated using 248- and 532-nm irradiation in ambient atmosphere of argon. The model predicts the onset time of 3 ms with 248 nm and 1.0 Torr of argon and 2.0, 1.2, and 0.6 ms with 532-nm irradiation and argon background at 2, 5, and 10 Torr, respectively, for 1-nm clusters of silicon. The concentration of clusters decreases with an increase in distance from the target surface. The onset time dependence on ambient pressure follows a simple relation of the form {τonset∝(1∕Pambient)0.91}. The reasonable agreement of simulated results with experimental observations implies that the model is adequate to simulate Si cluster formation in the ablation plume.
Decomposition and polymerization of perfluorinated compounds in microwave-excited atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Nagai M. , Hori M. , Goto T.
Published: June 2005

Decompositions and polymerizations of perfluorinated compounds gases were demonstrated employing atmospheric pressure plasmas with continuous-wave microwave excitations. The atmospheric pressure plasma was generated at a low gas temperature of 520 K. Spherical-shaped particles of approximately 50–120 nm in diameter were synthesized in CF4∕He and C4F8∕He plasma on Si substrate with dc voltage biasing, which was set in the plasma downstream region. The gas temperature in plasma was important to generate particles because particles were not generated at a high gas temperature of 850 K. The particles were determined to consist of carbon and fluorine atom composition from an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, the effect of H2 addition on the CF4∕He plasma was investigated. The decomposition efficiency of CF4 was increased with H2 addition and obtained over 80% without emissions of carbon dioxide.
General scaling law for stiffness measurement of small bodies with applications to the atomic force microscope
Authors: Sader John E. , Pacifico Jessica , Green Christopher P. , Mulvaney Paul
Published: June 2005

A general scaling law connecting the stiffness and dissipative properties of a linear mechanical oscillator immersed in a viscous fluid is derived. This enables the noninvasive experimental determination of the stiffness of small elastic bodies of arbitrary shape by measuring their resonant frequency and quality factor in fluid (typically air). In so doing, we elucidate the physical basis of the method of Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] for determining the stiffness of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers, and discuss its applicability. The validity of the derived general technique is demonstrated by calibrating atomic force microscope cantilevers with complex geometries, and its implications to small bodies in general are discussed.
Effective bit addressing times for precessional switching of magnetic memory cells
Authors: Schumacher H. W. , Chappert C. , Sousa R. C. , Freitas P. P.
Published: June 2005

We study the effective reversal times for bit-addressed precessional switching of the magnetization in magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). In our experiments the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of the free layer of a microscopic magnetic tunnel junction cell is accessed by means of ultrafast magnetotransport. Bit-addressed switching is studied by a fast perpendicular field pulse in combination with an easy axis bias field. For vanishing effective easy axis bias fields ultrafast quasiballistic switching of the magnetization can be achieved. Furthermore the characteristic oscillatory behavior of the precessional switching under variation of the pulse duration is observed. In a certain easy axis bias field range, the so-called addressing windows, the final magnetization state after the fast pulse is always aligned with the bias field which allows reliable bit addressing in a MRAM. Also here fast magnetization switching can be obtained. However, the decay time of the remaining magnetic excitations after bit addressing strongly depends on the initial and final orientations of the magnetization. This variation leads to different effective bit addressing times for switching and nonswitching events which could limit the MRAM operation speed.
Collisionality dependence of the polarization current caused by a rotating magnetic island
Authors: Bergmann A. , Poli E. , Peeters A. G.
Published: June 2005

The effect of collisions on the polarization current caused by a rotating island in a Tokamak plasma is studied with guiding center particle simulations. The simulations are performed with a δf code which includes a Monte Carlo model for Coulomb collisions. The transition between the two limiting cases of low and high collision frequency ν (compared to the island rotation frequency ω) is found to occur at ν≈ω in agreement with a recent analytic theory.
Optical models for cavity profiles in high-dose helium-implanted and annealed silicon measured by ellipsometry
Authors: Petrik P. , Fried M. , Lohner T. , Polgár O. , Gyulai J. , Cayrel F. , Alquier D.
Published: June 2005

Cavities created by He implantation with a dose of 5×1016cm−2 and energy of 40keV into single-crystalline silicon and annealing at 650–1000°C for 15–60min were characterized by multiple angles of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optical models of increasing complexity were developed assuming the cavity layer either to be homogeneous, or to have a Gaussian profile, or sublayers with independently fitted cavity ratios. Cavity profiles of different annealing conditions were compared and cross-checked by transmission electron microscopy. A strategy for the ellipsometric evaluation was proposed to reduce the computation time and the probability of getting in local minima using complex models with numerous parameters. High sensitivity on the angle of incidence was found, and the choice and the determination of the angle of incidence were discussed.
Abnormal temperature dependence of conductance of single Cd-doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Li Q. H. , Wan Q. , Wang Y. G. , Wang T. H.
Published: June 2005

Positive temperature coefficient of resistance is observed on single Cd-doped ZnO nanowires. The current along the nanowire increases linearly with the bias and saturates at large biases. The conductance is greatly enhanced either by ultraviolet illumination or infrared illumination. However, the conductance decreases with increasing temperature, in contrast to the reported temperature behavior either for ZnO nanostructures or for CdO nanoneedles. The increase of the conductance under illumination is related to surface effect and the decrease with increasing temperature to bulk effect. These results show that Cd doping does not change surface effect but affects bulk effect. Such a bulk effect could be used to realize on-chip temperature-independent varistors.
On the Remanence of Ferromagnetic Powders
Authors: Shtrikman S. , Treves D.
Published: June 2005

The angular dependence of the maximum remanence parallel to the applied field, Ip, and perpendicular to it, It, when the specimen is rotated through an angle β about an axis perpendicular to the field direction,is considered theoretically. For a rather wide range of materials the relation It = (dIp/dβ) should hold. For an assembly of noninteracting uniaxial single domains, it is shown that the distribution of the easy axes can be calculated from Ip(β) or It(β) and that 2∫0π/2 Ip sinβdβ = Is, where Is is the saturation magnetization. The above method yields a Legendre series for the distribution; it is deficient in that the high terms are quite sensitive to small changes in the remanences. Measurements of Ip and It with a vibrating-sample magnetometer were carried out on commercially oriented Ferroxdure, on magnetically oriented Ferroxdure powder, on oriented elongated single-domain iron particles and on anisotropic Alnico. For the first three materials It was a few percent lower, for the last up to 20% higher, than the value theoretically expected from the relation between Ip and It. For Ferroxdure this small discrepancy is attributed to the reduction of It by splitting into domains; for the elongated single-domain sample it is attributed to particle agglomeration. In order to furnish further magnetic evidence for the agglomeration of particles in magnetic powders, remanence curves are considered. Relations between remanences obtained by different methods are derived for the interacting-pair model. These relations differ from Wohlfarth's relations, which hold for an assembly of noninteracting single-domain particles. Comparison with experiment favors the pair model.
Precipitation of Dispersed Fine-Particle Magnetite
Authors: Slaten Lynore E.
Published: June 2005

A method has been developed for preparing well-dispersed fine-particle magnetite by precipitationin situ. A solution of Fe++ and Fe+++ is formed into a sol by the addition of agar-agar and polyvinyl alcohol;magnetite particles are then precipitated by diffusing NaOH into the resulting semi-rigid gel. The size range of these particles is from 40 A to 800 A. Typical magnetite films exhibit a coercivity of about 50 oe,with a Br/Bs ratio of 0.4.

A study of the precipitation reaction has shown that the properties of the resulting magnetic particles appear to be limited by factors intrinsic in the mechanism of the reaction rather than by the limitations imposed by the gel-resin system used.
Exchange Anisotropy in the System Mn(1−x)CrxSb
Authors: Pry R. H. , Kouvel J. S. , Miksch E. S.
Published: June 2005

Magnetization and rotational hysteresis measurements have been made on some alloys of Mn(1−x)CrxSb. For 0.5≤x≤0.7 the rotational hysteresis continuously increases with applied magnetic field in the temperature range of 80–300°K. This behavior supports the hypothesis that there is a coexistence of ferro-and anti-ferro-magnetic components in this composition range and that there exists an exchange anisotropy due to the magnetic coupling between them. These magnetic components probably arise from local fluctuations in the Mn to Cr ratio caused by the near random distribution of these ions on the magnetic ion sites in this system.
Galvanomagnetic Effects in Ferromagnetic Resonance
Authors: Seavey M. H.
Published: June 2005

The dc voltage generated across the surface of a thin ferromagnetic film during ferromagnetic resonance is described. The effect has been analyzed in terms of the combined action of the extraordinary Hall effectand a magnetoresistance effect. The dc character arises from the dependence of the voltage on double products of microwave fields. Data are presented, and it is shown that the theory gives the proper order of magnitude of the effect. Also, the experimental voltage versus steady magnetic field curves show that the extraordinary Hall effect plays the principal role. The voltage provides a new and sensitive means of studying ferromagnetic resonance effects in thin films.
Volume Dependence of Ferrimagnetic Resonance Properties in Ni1−xCoxFe2O4
Authors: Kaminow I. P.
Published: June 2005

A microwave resonance apparatus for measuring K1/M, K2/M, geff, linewidth and magnetization as functions of pressure to 10000 atmos is described. At this pressure the volume of nickel ferrite is reduced by only 0.68% but significant changes in magnetic properties are observed. The results of measurements on Ni1−xCoxFe2O4(x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) are discussed in terms of Slonczewski's anisotropy theory.
Effects of Directional Ordering on the Damping of Zone-Melted Iron
Authors: Maringer R. E.
Published: June 2005

Damping measurements (1–2 cps) have been made as a function of temperature and time on zone-melted high-purity iron, to which carbon or nitrogen have been added. Measurements were made with and without a magnetic field to isolate the magnetoelastic contribution to the damping. Two principal effects exist. These are a distortion of the Snoek peak and a time-dependent decrease in damping, which has been called the“magnetoelastic aftereffect.” Magnetoelastic after-effect data for zone-melted iron, containing carbon, have been analyzed and shown to yield relaxation times in good agreement with those expected on the assumption that the effect is controlled by the interstitial diffusion of carbon.
Magnetic Behavior in the Transition Region of a Hematite Single Crystal
Authors: Lin S. T.
Published: June 2005

The magnetic behavior in the transition region of a hematite single crystal from Elba has been investigated carefully. The remanence-temperature relationship and the thermal hysteresis effect (i.e., the remanenceis a double-valued function of temperature) have been obtained for each of three mutually perpendicular directions of the crystal in the temperature range between 488° and 77°K. A graphical representation of the ferromagnetic state has been constructed to show the direction, the magnitude, and the turning of the remanent magnetization vector with the temperature in the transition region. Another experiment, which consists of measuring the remanence along different directions in the plane containing the [111] direction,and the projection of the remanent magnetization vector in the (111) plane for three different temperatures,also has been carried out. These experimental data show that the direction and the magnitude of the remanent magnetization vector changes continuously between the [111] direction and the (111) plane when the temperature changes through the transition region.
Magnetic Transitions in Ti2O3 and V2O3
Authors: Carr P. H. , Foner S.
Published: June 2005

The principal susceptibilities of single crystals of Ti2O3 and V2O3 have been measured from 4.2°K to 300°K by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer. In Ti2O3, χ∥ = 9×10−7 cgs/g and χ⊥ = 8×10−7 cgs/g,and both susceptibilities are nearly temperature independent. In V2O3, below the transition temperature T0, χ∥ = 6.9×10−6 cgs/g and χ⊥ = 5.9×10−6 cgs/g and both are temperature independent. The small, almost equal, and temperature independent values of both χ∥ and χ⊥ below T0 confirm recent neutron diffraction data which indicate no appreciable long-range antiferromagnetic order for these oxides. Van Vleck temperature independent paramagnetism can account for the observed values. It is concluded that the observed discontinuities of susceptibility and corresponding electrical conductivity changes are not due to long-range magnetic ordering effects.
Analysis of a Practical Perpendicular Head for Digital Purposes
Authors: Fan George J. Y.
Published: June 2005

In this analysis we studied the potential field around a perpendicular recording head by a Fourier method. As this potential function obtained is easy to operate, the wavelength response of the head can be calculated and is shown to be similar to that of a ring head for a recorded sine wave. The first term of our expansion of the flux through the head turned out to be sinx/x. This term is nominally not affected by spacing; thus,the head has good reliability. We built some perpendicular recording heads and obtained a reasonably good response curve as illustrated. However, we find the main drawback of such a head, in a standard tape system, lies with the recording process, i.e., a wavelength loss on tape rather than a limitation of the playback head. Since there is no essential difference between sine-wave and digital recording, the analysis can easily be extended to a digital system.
Rifaximin dose‐finding study for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: LAURITANO E. C. , GABRIELLI M. , LUPASCU A. , SANTOLIQUIDO A. , NUCERA G. , SCARPELLINI E. , VINCENTI F. , CAMMAROTA G. , FLORE R. , POLA P. , GASBARRINI G. , GASBARRINI A.
Published: June 2005

Background : Few controlled studies assessing choice and duration of antibiotic therapy for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth are available.

Aim : To assess efficacy, safety and tolerability of different doses of rifaximin, a broad spectrum non‐absorbable antibiotic, for intestinal bacterial overgrowth eradication.

Methods : We enrolled 90 consecutive patients affected by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was based on the occurrence of a rise of H2 values >12 p.p.m. above the basal value after 50 g glucose ingestion. Patients were randomized in three 7‐day treatment groups: rifaximin 600 mg/day (group 1); rifaximin 800 mg/day (group 2) and rifaximin 1200 mg/day (group 3). Glucose breath test was reassessed 1 month after the end of therapy. Compliance to the treatment and incidence of side‐effects were also evaluated.

Results : No drop‐outs were observed in the three groups. Glucose breath test normalization rate was significantly higher in group 3 (60%) with respect to group 1 (17%; P < 0.001) and group 2 (27%, P < 0.01). No significant differences in patient compliance and incidence of side‐effects were found among groups.

Conclusions : Higher doses of rifaximin lead to a significant gain in terms of therapeutic efficacy in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth eradication without increasing the incidence of side‐effects.
Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self‐efficacy
Authors: Kendall Sally , Bloomfield Linda
Published: June 2005

Aims.  This paper reports the development of a tool to measure parenting self‐efficacy as an aid to evaluating parenting programmes.

Background.  Whilst there has been increasing interest in parenting programmes from parents, government and professionals, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation studies of their effectiveness, particularly their longer‐term outcomes. Equally, there is little research evidence of the views and experiences of parents themselves. It is important to develop robust outcome measures which draw on well‐developed theoretical constructs to measure parents’ perceived abilities to manage their children based on their own views and experiences. Self‐efficacy, a self‐perception of one's ability to perform competently and effectively in a particular task or setting, may provide such a framework.

Methods.  Data from 12 focus groups conducted with parents and parenting programme facilitators informed the development of the tool. A thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts identified key items to be included in the self‐efficacy instrument, and these were developed into 82 Likert‐format statements. A multi‐method approach was used to test the instrument for validity and reliability.

Findings.  Nine domain specific sub‐scales of parenting were identified from the analysis of the focus group data. Internal reliability coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0·80 to 0·89, and the overall scale reliability was 0·94. External reliability coefficients ranged from rs = 0·58 (n = 19, P < 0·01) to rs = 0·88 (n = 19, P < 0·01).

Conclusion.  A valid and reliable tool to measure parenting self‐efficacy has been developed, which will aid evaluation of parenting programmes.
Surgical treatment of stage pT3b renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidneys: a case series
Authors: Sengupta Shomik , Zincke Horst , Leibovich Bradley C. , Blute Michael L.
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVE

To describe the surgical management of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a solitary kidney (managed preferentially by nephron‐sparing surgery, NSS, to avoid dialysis) and extending into the renal vein or inferior vena cava (T3b).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We identified 13 patients treated surgically between 1977 and 2002 for stage T3b RCC in a solitary kidney; their charts were reviewed to ascertain details of management, pathology and outcomes.

RESULTS

NSS was successful in seven patients (four in situ and three extracorporeally). Five patients had radical nephrectomy (RN), four after failed NSS. The mean (sem) operative duration was longer for NSS, at 5.8 (0.7) h, than RN, at 3.3 (0.6) h. There was one death during surgery before nephrectomy, and eight other complications in six patients. At a median (range) follow‐up of 24 (0–204) months, eight patients had died, four from RCC (all having had NSS) at a median interval of 9.5 (7–16) months. Of the five patients alive at a median follow‐up of 25 months, four had no identifiable disease, whilst one had systemic recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

NSS combined with venous tumour thrombectomy for treating T3b RCC involving a solitary kidney is feasible, albeit complicated. There was oncological success in a third of the patients. The treatment of these patients needs to be individualized, as alternatives to NSS (RN or observation) have obvious disadvantages.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis
Authors: Neheman Amos , Nativ Ofer , Moskovitz Boaz , Melamed Yehuda , Stein Avi
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVE

To assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for treating haemorrhagic cystitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From February 1997 to April 2004, seven patients with radiation‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis were treated with HBO; they received a mean (range) of 30 (18–57) HBO treatments and the follow‐up was 24 (3–53) months.

RESULTS

The haematuria resolved completely in all seven patients shortly after treatment; one had an improvement but died from complications relating to cancer shortly after completing treatment, and two had recurrence of gross haematuria. They were re‐treated with HBO until the haematuria resolved.

CONCLUSIONS

Radiation‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis can be treated successfully with HBO primarily or after failure of standard regimens. This method was well tolerated even in patients debilitated by advanced cancer and blood loss. Long‐term remission is possible in most patients, and re‐treatment effectively manages recurrent bleeding.
A single air dive reduces arterial endothelial function in man
Authors: Brubakk A. O. , Duplancic D. , Valic Z. , Palada I. , Obad A. , Bakovic D. , Wisloff U. , Dujic Z.
Published: June 2005

During and after decompression from dives, gas bubbles are regularly observed in the right ventricular outflow tract. A number of studies have documented that these bubbles can lead to endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary artery but no data exist on the effect of diving on arterial endothelial function. The present study investigated if diving or oxygen breathing would influence endothelial arterial function in man. A total of 21 divers participated in this study. Nine healthy experienced male divers with a mean age of 31 ± 5 years were compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 280 kPa at a rate of 100 kPa min−1 breathing air and remaining at pressure for 80 min. The ascent rate during decompression was 9 kPa min−1 with a 7 min stop at 130 kPa (US Navy procedure). Another group of five experienced male divers (31 ± 6 years) breathed 60% oxygen (corresponding to the oxygen tension of air at 280 kPa) for 80 min. Before and after exposure, endothelial function was assessed in both groups as flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) by ultrasound in the brachial artery. The results were compared to data obtained from a group of seven healthy individuals of the same age who had never dived. The dive produced few vascular bubbles, but a significant arterial diameter increase from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 4.8 ± 0.8 mm (mean ±s.d.) and a significant reduction of FMD from 9.2 ± 6.9 to 5.0 ± 6.7% were observed as an indication of reduced endothelial function. In the group breathing oxygen, arterial diameter increased significantly from 4.4 ± 0.3 mm to 4.7 ± 0.3 mm, while FMD showed an insignificant decrease. Oxygen breathing did not decrease nitroglycerine‐induced dilatation significantly. In the normal controls the arterial diameter and FMD were 4.1 ± 0.4 mm and 7.7 ± 0.2.8%, respectively. This study shows that diving can lead to acute arterial endothelial dysfunction in man and that oxygen breathing will increase arterial diameter after return to breathing air. Further studies are needed to determine if these mechanisms are involved in tissue injury following diving.
Calcium feedback mechanisms regulate oscillatory activity of a TRP‐like Ca2+ conductance in C. elegans intestinal cells
Authors: Estevez Ana Y. , Strange Kevin
Published: June 2005

Inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3)‐dependent Ca2+ oscillations in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal epithelial cells regulate the nematode defecation cycle. The role of plasma membrane ion channels in intestinal cell oscillatory Ca2+ signalling is unknown. We have shown previously that cultured intestinal cells express a Ca2+‐selective conductance, IORCa, that is biophysically similar to TRPM7 currents. IORCa activates slowly and stabilizes when cells are patch clamped with pipette solutions containing 10 mm BAPTA and free Ca2+ concentrations of ∼17 nm. However, when BAPTA concentration is lowered to 1 mm, IORCa oscillates. Oscillations in channel activity induced simultaneous oscillations in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ inhibited IORCa oscillations, whereas readdition of Ca2+ to the bath caused a rapid and transient reactivation of the current. Experimental manoeuvres that elevated intracellular Ca2+ blocked current oscillations. Elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in the presence of 10 mm BAPTA to block IORCa oscillations led to a dose‐dependent increase in the rate of current activation. At intracellular Ca2+ concentrations of 250 nm, current activation was transient. Patch pipette solutions buffered with 1–4 mm of either BAPTA or EGTA gave rise to similar patterns of IORCa oscillations. We conclude that changes in Ca2+ concentration close to the intracellular opening of the channel pore regulate channel activity. Low concentrations of Ca2+ activate the channel. As Ca2+ enters and accumulates near the pore mouth, channel activity is inhibited. Oscillating plasma membrane Ca2+ entry may play a role in generating intracellular Ca2+ oscillations that regulate the C. elegans defecation rhythm.
LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DARK-MATTER PARTICLES IN A MODEL WITH A COSMOLOGICAL, SPONTANEOUSLY-BROKEN CHIRAL SYMMETRY
Authors: BARSHAY SAUL , KREYERHOFF GEORG
Published: June 2005

In a cosmological model with a chiral symmetry, there are two, dynamically-related spin-zero fields, a scalar ϕ and a pseudoscalar b. These fields have self-interactions. Spontaneous symmetry breaking results in a very massive scalar particle with mϕ≅5×1011 GeV , and a nearly massless, (Goldstone-like) pseudoscalar particle with 0<mb≲2.7×10-6 eV . One or both particles can be part of dark matter. There are coherent long-range interactions (at range ~ 1/mb≳10 cm ), from exchange of a b particle between a pair of b particles, a pair of ϕ particles, and between a ϕ and a b. We compare the strength of potentials for the different pairs to the corresponding gravitational potentials (within the same range ~ 1/mb), and show that the new force dominates between a b pair, that gravitation dominates between a ϕ pair, and that the potentials are comparable for a ϕ-b pair. The new interaction strength between a b pair is comparable to the gravitational interaction between a ϕ pair; its possibly greater coherent effect originates in the possibility that the number density of a very light b can be greater than that of a massive ϕ. We consider these results in the context of recent speculations concerning possible effects of special forces between dark-matter particles on certain galactic, and inter-galactic, properties.
OPEN STRING TACHYON IN SUPERGRAVITY SOLUTION
Authors: KOBAYASHI SHINPEI , ASAKAWA TSUGUHIKO , MATSUURA SO
Published: June 2005

We study the tachyon condensation of the [Formula: see text]-brane system with a constant tachyon vev in the context of classical solutions of the Type II supergravity. We find that the general solution with the symmetry ISO (1, p)× SO (9-p) (the three-parameter solution) includes the extremal black p-brane solution as an appropriate limit of the solution by fixing one of the three parameters (c1). Furthermore, we compare the long distance behavior of the solution with the massless modes of the closed strings from the boundary state of the [Formula: see text]-brane system with a constant tachyon vev. We find that we must fix c1 to zero and only two parameters are needed to express the tachyon condensation of the [Formula: see text]-brane system. This means that the parameter c1 does not correspond to the tachyon vev of the [Formula: see text]-brane system.
COMMENTS ON SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION OF ANYONS
Authors: HORVÁTHY P. A. , MARTINA L. , STICHEL P. C.
Published: June 2005

The coupling of nonrelativistic anyons (called exotic particles) to an electromagnetic field is considered. Anomalous coupling is introduced by adding a spin-orbit term to the Lagrangian. Alternatively, one has two Hamiltonian structures, obtained by either adding the anomalous term to the Hamiltonian, or by redefining the mass and the NC parameter. The model can also be derived from its relativistic counterpart.
COORDINATE CHANGE OF GAUSS–MANIN SYSTEM AND GENERALIZED MIRROR TRANSFORMATION
Authors: JINZENJI MASAO
Published: June 2005

In this paper, we explicitly derive the generalized mirror transformation of quantum cohomology of general type projective hypersurfaces, proposed in our previous article, as an effect of coordinate change of the virtual Gauss–Manin system.
FEDOSOV SUPERMANIFOLDS II: NORMAL COORDINATES
Authors: GEYER BODO , LAVROV PETER
Published: June 2005

The study of recently introduced Fedosov supermanifolds1is continued. Using normal coordinates, properties of even and odd symplectic supermanifolds endowed with a symmetric connection respecting given sympletic structure are studied.
PERTURBATIVE CORRECTIONS TO THE SEMILEPTONIC b-DECAY MOMENTS: $E^\ell_{\rm cut}$ DEPENDENCE AND RUNNING-αs EFFECTS IN THE OPE APPROACH
Authors: URALTSEV NIKOLAI
Published: June 2005

We have calculated the perturbative corrections to all the structure functions in the semileptonic decays of a heavy quark. Assuming an arbitrary gluon mass as a technical tool allowed to obtain in parallel all the BLM corrections. We report the basic applications, viz. perturbative corrections to the hadronic mass and energy moments with full dependence on the charge lepton energy cut. In the adopted scheme with the OPE momentum scale separation around 1 GeV the perturbative corrections to [Formula: see text] are small and practically independent of E cut ; the BLM corrections are small, too. The corrections to the second mass squared moment show some decrease with E cut consistent with the effect of the Darwin operator, within the previously estimated theoretical uncertainty. Perturbative corrections in the pole-type schemes appear significant and vary with Eℓ, decreasing the moments at higher cuts. The hardness of hadronic moments is quantitatively illustrated for different cuts on Eℓ.
S11 RESONANCES IN A COUPLED-CHANNEL DYNAMICAL MODEL
Authors: YANG SHIN NAN , CHEN GUAN-YEU , KAMALOV SABIT S. , TIATOR L. , DRECHSEL D.
Published: June 2005

A self-consistent analysis of pion scattering and pion photoproduction within a coupled channels dynamical model is presented. The results indicate the existence of a third and a fourth S11 resonance with the masses 1846±47 and 2113±70 MeV . In the case of pion photoproduction, we found that background contributions to the imaginary part of the S-wave multipole become large and negative in the region of the S11(1535) resonance. Due to this fact, much larger resonance contributions are required in order to explain the results of the recent multipole analysis. For the first S11(1535) resonance we obtain a value of 72±2×10-3 GeV -1/2 for the electromagnetic helicity amplitude A1/2.
HADRON SPECTROSCOPY WITHOUT CONSTITUENT GLUE
Authors: KLEMPT EBERHARD
Published: June 2005

Glueballs and hybrids are predicted to exist but searches for them have failed to provide conclusive evidence. One–gluon exchange is not an important part of strong interactions in this energy regime. Instead, quarks seem to interact indirectly, via changes of the QCD vacuum. Strong interactions seem to be governed by instanton–induced interactions; the chiral soliton model gives a more suitable interpretation of the Θ+(1540) than models based on the dynamics of four quarks and one antiquark.
MEDIUM MODIFICATION OF HADRONIC INTERACTIONS FROM LOW ENERGY EXPERIMENTS
Authors: FRIEDMAN E.
Published: June 2005

Medium-modification of hadronic interactions is defined as the differences between hadron-hadron interaction in the nuclear medium and the corresponding interaction in free space. Deeply penetrating hadrons provide such information and we discuss here pionic atoms and scattering by nuclei of 21.5 MeV pions. Brief mention is made also of the interaction of 500-700 MeV/c K+ with nuclei.