bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise espaço-temporal de NO2 na região metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Andrade Izabel da Silva , Araujo Elaine Cristina , Corrêa Thaís , Macedo Fernanda de Mendonça , Landulfo Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Atualmente, existem vários métodos de monitoramento de poluentes atmosféricos, porém poucos permitem uma grande cobertura espacial e temporal. O Sentinel-5P é um satélite dedicado ao monitoramento atmosférico com alta resolução espacial-temporal, oferecendo um grande volume de dados de diversas espécies químicas. Os óxidos de nitrogênio (NO e NO2), emitidos por atividades antrópicas na atmosfera - nos grandes centros urbanos sua principal fonte emissora são os veículos - merecem atenção especial, além de serem poluentes primários, são precursores da formação de outras espécies químicas devido à reações fotoquímicas, principalmente o ozônio troposférico. Essas interações fotoquímicas de NOx estimulam a redução de seu tempo de vida na atmosfera. Além disso, esses poluentes são usados como índices de qualidade do ar. A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) possui mais de 30 cidades, sendo um importante polo econômico do estado de São Paulo. A RMSP possui rodovias com grande circulação de veículos leves e pesados, indústrias e também alta densidade populacional. Tais fatores tornam esta região uma área favorável para um estudo de satélite. Assim, o presente trabalho utiliza dados do Sentinel-5P NO2 L2 para analisar a evolução das concentrações ao longo de 2019.
Development of Chicken Production on Free-Range System
Authors: Fitra Deni , Ulupi Niken , Arief Irma Isnafia , Mutia Rita , Abdullah Luki , Erwan Edi
Published: February 2022

The free-range system is a currentmodel of chicken production according to the concept of Animal Welfare. This article aims to discuss how the free-range system was implemented and its effect on health, performance and quality product as well as free-range development strategies as an alternative to chicken production systems. The free-range system must have access to outdoor to express their natural behavior. Based on regulation, the density of chickens in outdoor is a maximum of 10,000 birds/ha. Chickens reared using the free-range system show better welfare indicators, as evidenced by the Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) value and the frequency of their natural behavior. Chicken eggs from the free-range system contain higher levels of protein and carotenoid. It also contains omega-3 & 6, DHA, vitamins A and E and have lower cholesterol level. Chicken meat from the free-range system contains higher protein and lower fat levels. However, the performance of chicken production using free-range system was still not consistent and was greatly influenced by the type of forage in the pasture. The introduction of grazing land with superior forage such as Indigofera zollingeriana and choosing kampung or local type of chickens may become development strategies of chicken production in the free range system.
Livestock Genetic Improvements through Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation Technology
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno
Published: February 2022

Stem cells are unique cells that have the ability to differentiate into cells with specific functions and renew themselves to produce new stem cells. One type of stem cells that are actively studied is Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC). SSC is a unipotent cell that develops into spermatozoa in the mammalian testis. SSC can be transplanted into male testis recipients to improve the genetic quality of livestock and propagate valuable livestock. SSC transplantation procedure is started from the isolation of SSC from testis of the donor animal, in vitro culture of SCC for propagation or genetic modification, preparations of recipient males, and transplant SSC into recipient males to produce normal sperm that can fertilize the egg.  SSC transplantation technology has been successfully applied to large animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, pigs, other mammals such as monkeys. SSC transplantation is promising biotechnology to improve livestock production in the near future. This review will describe the origins of the SSC, identification, and characterization of SSC, in vitro culture of SSC, and the application of SSC transplantation for genetic quality of livestock improvement.
Entrevista com a Dra. Sônia T. Felipe: ética animal, abolicionismo e veganismo no Brasil
Authors: Rios Laís Oliveira , Coelho Gustavo Henrique de Freitas
Published: February 2022

Filósofa, vegana há mais de 20 anos, iniciou, no Brasil, os estudos filosóficos em ética animal e ética ambiental, em 1992, introduzindo as teorias que alavancam ainda hoje os movimentos animalistas, tanto os bem-estaristas quanto os abolicionistas, elaboradas por Humphy Primatt, Sir Richard D. Ryder, Andrew Linzey, Peter Singer, Tom Regan, Paul Taylor, Steven M. Wise e Gary Francione. Coordenou, entre outros, os projetos e publicações dos volumes temáticos da Revista Ethic@ (Revista Internacional de Filosofia Moral, UFSC), dedicados à Ética Animal, Ética Ambiental, Comunidade Moral, e o Projeto de Estudos Ecoanimalista Feminista (UFSC). Atualmente, dedica-se ao estudo da vinculação entre a dieta omnis vorax (onívora) mortal e o aquecimento climático que levará às mudanças extremas que porão fim à vida no planeta Terra, bem como aos surtos epidêmicos e pandêmicos causados pela devastação dos ecossistemas naturais levada a cabo para criação de rebanhos destinados ao serviço da comilança humana ao redor do planeta. De seus estudos nos últimos 20 anos resultaram os livros: Por uma questão de princípios: alcance e limites da ética de Peter Singer em defesa dos animais (2003); Ética e experimentação animal: fundamentos abolicionistas (2007); Galactolatria: mau deleite (2012); Acertos abolicionistas: a vez dos animais (2014); Carnelatria: escolha omnis vorax (onívora) mortal (2018).
A autora segue estudando neurociência, biologia, medicinas quânticas, etologia e ecoanimalismo feminista, pandemias, com vistas à abolição do uso de animais em experimentos biomédicos, na dieta, na diversão, no trabalho, e ao fortalecimento da tese da senciência em todos os animais. Um desses projetos de pesquisa ora em andamento é o estudo da mente e da consciência equinas, fortalecendo o propósito que anima a luta pela abolição do uso de cavalos para tração de cargas (humanos, mercadorias e resíduos). Outro, o estudo das teorias neurocientíficas das emoções em humanos e não humanos.
A autora segue estudando neurociência, biologia, medicinas quânticas, etologia e ecoanimalismo feminista, pandemias, com vistas à abolição do uso de animais em experimentos biomédicos, na dieta, na diversão, no trabalho, e ao fortalecimento da tese da senciência em todos os animais. Um desses projetos de pesquisa ora em andamento é o estudo da mente e da consciência equinas, fortalecendo o propósito que anima a luta pela abolição do uso de cavalos para tração de cargas (humanos, mercadorias e resíduos). Outro, o estudo das teorias neurocientíficas das emoções em humanos e não humanos.
Early Pioneers of Global Soft Contact Lens Development
Authors: Grant Nicholas , Fujimoto Mari , Caroline Patrick , Norman Craig
Published: February 2022

This article outlines the history and development of the first hydrophilic biocompatible plastic, called PHEMA. The story traces the notable leaders in its development and provides a timeline from the initial discovery of the hydrogel material to its evolution into the modern soft contact lens.
The Role of Tour Guides in Developing Tourism Sector: From Managers Perspectives of Travel and Tourism Companies Operating in Erbil
Authors: Mustafa Hussein A. , Ismael Gibraeel A. , Hassan Asreen R.
Published: February 2022

Tour guides are considered a significant part of the critical player in tourism development and experience. The tour guide's role in the tourism sector differs according to its type, importance, characteristics, and location. Besides, the person who is guiding a group of people (tourists) may significantly impact attracting tourists and developing the tourism sector through the role and characteristics they played and practice during their tours. Therefore, this research aims to examine tour guides' role in developing the tourism sector: from managers' perspectives of travel and tourism companies operating in Erbil. The researchers used a survey questionnaire as a data collection tool; however, the survey sample includes 122 managers randomly selected from different tourism companies to reply to the survey questions. The conceptual scheme and hypotheses are established that emphasize the correlation and effect among the research variables; the hypotheses are tested using SPSS V.25. The research reached some conclusions; most significant, the research found a positive relationship and effect between tour guides and developing tourism.
Mechanical model for the deformation of the wood cell wall
Authors: Fratzl Peter , Burgert Ingo , Keckes Jozef
Published: February 2022

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the deformation of wood, as well as the mechanical interaction of cell-wall components, such as cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses, are not well understood. In a recently published experiment [1], we have shown that wood foils and single cells of compression wood of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) could deform permanently under tensile load via a stick and slip mechanism at the molecular level occurring during shear of the matrix between cellulose microfibrils. The shear originates from the fact that microfibrils are spiralling around the central lumen of the wood cell which can be considered as a hollow tube. During stretching, the microfibril angle between the cell axis and the direction of the cellulose was found to decrease in synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments, giving rise to shear deformation of the matrix and to a recovery mechanism after irreversible deformation. The corresponding stick and slip mechanism is treated here in the framework of a simple mechanical model which shows that the cellulose fibril orientation might define slip planes for shear deformation, in analogy to the slip planes in single crystals as described by Schmid’s law. Moreover, the effect of fibril reorientation upon straining as well as the possibility of cell torsion are considered in the model and discussed with respect to experimental data.
Sigma-phase in duplex-stainless steels
Authors: Pohl Michael , Storz Oliver
Published: February 2022

The ferritic-austenitic duplex-steels have a very complex precipitation and transformation behaviour, which requires professional treatment. Especially the precipitation of the σ-phase causes considerable changes with regard to the mechanical as well as the corrosive properties, which are to be considered during the treatment of the duplex-steels.
Modifikation von Titanlegierungen für medizinische Anwendungen
Authors: Exner Hans Eckart , Müller Clemens , Schmidt Harald
Published: February 2022

Reintitan und einige Titanlegierungen werden als Ersatz für beschädigte Teile in den menschlichen Körper eingebaut. Die positiven Eigenschaften wie exzellente Biokompatibilität und hoher Korrosionswiderstand werden in einigen Anwendungen durch unzureichende mechanische Stabilität eingeschränkt. Diese Problematik wird an Reintitan für den Zahnersatz und an Titanlegierungen für Gelenkprothesen aufgezeigt.

Im Zahnersatz wird ein Unterbau aus Titan aus ästhetischen Gründen und zum Verschleißschutz durch eine Keramikauflage verblendet. Die dafür notwendigen Prozessschritte verändern das Gefüge und den Oberflächenzustand und sind damit kritisch für den Einsatz, weil sie die Eigenschaften der Ausgangswerkstoffe negativ beeinflussen können. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich das günstige Ermüdungsverhalten von handelsüblichem Stangenmaterial stark verschlechtert, sich die ungünstigen Eigenschaften von Gussmaterial dagegen verbessern.

Bei Gelenkprothesen führt häufig der Verschleiß bei Reibung gegen den als Gegenkörper eingesetzten Kunststoff zum Ausfall. Durch Ionenimplantation von Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff wird der Verschleißwiderstand wesentlich erhöht. Forschungsergebnisse, die in Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Institutionen gewonnen wurden, lassen Schädigungsmechanismen und die positive Auswirkung der Ionenimplantation auf den die Lebensdauer begrenzenden Verschleiß besser verstehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Zusammenwirken von Verschleiß- und Korrosionsbeanspruchung, wie sie für den Ausfall von künstlichen Gelenken typisch ist. Sie liefern die Grundlagen zum Einsatz der Titanlegierung TiAl6V4 in hoch beanspruchten Gelenkteilen und zum Ersatz allergisch wirkender Legierungselemente in neueren Titanwerkstoffen für die Humanmedizin.
Parabolic inequalities in Orlicz spaces with data in L
1
Authors: Alaoui Mohammed Kbiri
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we provide existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions to a general nonlinear parabolic problem on a general convex set with merely integrable data and in the setting of Orlicz spaces.
Recent progress and challenges in plasmonic nanomaterials
Authors: Duan Huiyu , Wang Tong , Su Ziyun , Pang Huan , Chen Changyun
Published: February 2022

Owing to their optical, mechanical, and catalytic properties, plasmonic nanomaterials (P-NMs) have been widely used in sensing, disease treatment, as well as energy transfer and conversion applications. Therefore, the synthesis, properties, and applications of P-NMs have garnered significant interest in recent decades. This review surveys the various types of P-NMs, their synthesis methods, their properties, and recent applications. In addition, we summarize the current challenges and future developments in P-NMs. We hope this article will help researchers to gain a deeper understanding of P-NM applications in the field of energy, overcome the current problems associated with P-NMs, and develop novel P-NMs with better characteristics.
Prevalence, Magnitude, and Methods of Weight Cutting Used by World Class Powerlifters
Authors: Kwan Kedric , Helms Eric
Published: February 2022

Kwan, K and Helms, E. Prevalence, magnitude, and methods of weight cutting used by world class powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 998–1002, 2022—Powerlifters compete in the squat, bench press, and deadlift, with winners determined by the highest 3-lift total in each weight class. As a weight class–based sport, athletes often compete in classes lower than their habitual weight, using various strategies to make weight. This study's purpose was to examine weight cutting prevalence, magnitude, and methods among 42 male and 22 female powerlifters (25 ± 8 years old; 4 ± 2.2 years of competitive experience) competing at the 2018 International Powerlifting Federation classic world championship. The lifters, 83% of whom cut weight losing an average 2.9 ± 4.3% of body mass, completed a previously validated weight cutting questionnaire. The most frequently used weight cutting methods were gradual dieting (42.18%, 31.25%), fluid restriction after fluid loading (32.8%, 34.4%), restricting fluid ingestion without fluid loading (23.4%, 9.4%), fasting (15.6%, 18.7%), increased activity (9.4%, 24.4%), laxatives (9.4%, 18.7%), sauna (7.8%, 6.3%), diuretics (7.8%, 6.3%), skipping meals (4.7%, 21.9%), and wearing rubber suits (1.6%, 2.6%). Most lifters experienced negative changes in psychological state, with only 9% reporting never experiencing any negative effect on psychological state across the 5 states measured. Lifters reported experiencing fatigue (15.6%, 45.3%), anger (3.2%, 26.6%), feelings of isolation (4.7%, 12.5%), and anxiety (14.1%, 35.95%), and 11 of the 12 lifters who reported a perceived decrement in training performance performed weight cutting. Both weight cutting methods and negative psychological changes experienced were reported as always, sometimes. Therefore, it is vital to provide specific recommendations based on scientific research to improve the efficacy and safety of making weight while minimizing performance decrements.
Good Manners and the Prohibition on the Abuse of Rights in Slovak Labor Law
Authors: Križan Viktor
Published: February 2022

The author of this article tries to summarize and provide knowledge about good manners, and places them in the context of labor law in the Slovak Republic. Good manners serve as a criterion that restricts subjective rights in their content, or often as a criterion that limits the exercise of subjective rights. They represent a positive limit to the exercise of rights and obligations arising from employment relationships. The term “good manners” is not defined in law, but we encounter this corrective directly within the basic principles in Art. 2 of the Labor Code. The negative limit on the exercise of subjective rights and obligations arising from employment relationships is the prohibition on abusing these rights to the detriment of the other party to the employment relationship or co-employees. According to the provisions on the invalidity of legal acts, the subject’s conduct contrary to good manners and abuses of rights are subject to absolute invalidity. The prohibition on the abuse of rights is a legal norm, the violation of which by an authorized subject is an illegal act.
Microscopic Model of Radiative Capture Reactions with Cluster Polarizability. Application to 7Be and 7Li
Authors: Nesterov A.V. , Vasilevsky V.S. , Kovalenko T.P.
Published: February 2022

We apply the microscopic three-cluster model developed by the authors to study effects of cluster polarization on the capture reactions 3He(α, γ)7Be, 3He(α, γ) 7Li, 6Li(p, γ)7Be and 6Li(n, γ)7Li. These reactions are of great importance for the astrophysical applications. Thus main attention is paid to the cross section (or the astrophysical S factor) of the reactions at low energies. We also study thoroughly the correlations between the astrophysical S factor of the reactions at zero energy and various quantities associated with the ground state of a compound nucleus.
On the Theory of Stress-Magnetic Field Phase Diagram of the Finite Size Multiferroics: Competition between Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Domains
Authors: Gomonay H.V. , Kornienko I.G. , Loktev V.M.
Published: February 2022

Macroscopic properties of multiferroics, the systems that show simultaneously two types of ordering, could be controlled by the external fields of different nature. We analyze the behavior of multiferroics with antiferro-(AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) orderingunder the action of external magnetic and stress fields. A combination of these two fields makes it possible to achieve macroscopic states with different domain structures. The two-domain state obtained in this way shows a linear dependence of macroscopic strain vs magnetic field which is unusual for AFMs. A small but nonzero stress applied to the sample can also result in the bias of the magnetization vs magnetic field dependence.
Bend-Imitating Theory and Electron Scattering in Sharply-bent Quantum Nanowires
Authors: Vakhnenko O.O.
Published: February 2022

The concept of bend-imitating description as applied to the one-electron quantum mechanics in sharply-bent ideal electron waveguides and its development into a self-consistent theory are presented. In general, the theory allows one to model each particular circular-like bend of a continuous quantum wire as some specific multichannel scatterer being point-like in the longitudinal direction. In an equivalent formulation, the theory gives rise to rather simple matching rules for the electron wave function and its longitudinal derivative affecting only the straight parts of a wire and thereby permitting one to bypass a detailed quantum mechanical consideration of elbow domains. The proposed technique is applicable to the analytical investigation of spectral and transport properties related to the ideal sharply-bent 3D wire-like structures of fixed cross-section and is adaptable to the 2D wire-like structures, as well as to the wire-like structures in the magnetic field perpendicular to the wire bending plane. In the framework of bend-imitating approach, the investigation of the electron scattering in a doubly-bent 2D quantum wire with S-like bend has been made, and the explicit dependences of the transmission and reflection coefficients on geometrical parameters of a structure, as well as on the electron energy, have been obtained. The total elimination of the mixing between the scattering channels of a S-like bent quantum wire is predicted.
Alexander Polynomial Invariants of Torus Knots T(n, 3) and Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Gavrilik A.M. , Pavlyuk A.M.
Published: February 2022

The explicit formula, which expresses the Alexander polynomials ∆n,3(t) of torus knots T(n, 3) as a sum of the Alexander polynomials ∆k,2(t) of torus knots T(k, 2), is found. Using this result and those from our previous papers, we express the Alexander polynomials ∆n,3(t) through Chebyshev polynomials. The latter result is extended to general torus knots T(n, l) with n and l coprime.
Dirac Electrons in a Planar Potential Well in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Gamayun O.V. , Gorbar E.V. , Gusynin V.P.
Published: February 2022

We study the Dirac equation in two spatial dimensions for quasiparticles in a potential well in graphene in a homogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that, at some critical value of the potential strength, the lowest empty energy level crosses a filled negative energy level leading to the instability of the system. The critical potential strength decreases with decrease of a quasiparticle gap and becomes zero in the gapless case. It is argued that the magnetically driven instability of a charged center can be considered as a quantum mechanical counterpart of the magnetic catalysis phenomenon in graphene.
Model-independent Estimators for the Statistical Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Shtanov Yu.V. , Savchenko D.O.
Published: February 2022

We construct estimators for testing the statistical anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background arising due to a quadrupolescale-independent anisotropy in the primordial power spectrum. The estimators do not require the knowledge of basic cosmological parameters. We determine the sensitivity of the constructed estimators to the magnitude of the statistical anisotropy and perform test simulations that confirm our theoretical estimates.
NMR Velocity Mapping and RHEO-NMR in Complex Liquids
Authors: Eichhoff U. , Zick K. , Callaghan P.T.
Published: February 2022

By using the NMR technique, we have determined the velocity distribution and the rate of strain in a micelle solution (cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium salicylate) below and above a critical shear rate and have studied the isotropic and stress-induced ordered nematic phases in a micelle solution CTAB/D2O in a cylindric Couette cell.
Structural Behavior of Aqueous Solutions Using Time Domain Reflectometry Technique
Authors: Kumbharkhane A.C.
Published: February 2022

We have developed and established the TDR technique that provides information about the dielectric permittivity in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The dielectric permittivity for the aqueous solutions can be explained by using a hydrogen-bond model by assuming the formation of hydrogen bonds between water–water and water–solute pairs. The orientational correlation between neighbouring molecules due to hydrogen bonds is determined in terms of the Kirkwood correlation factor. The number of hydrogen bonds in some aqueous solutions is computed.
Profil Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Antihiperlipidemia di Salah satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Jakarta
Authors: Anwar Vidia Arlaini , Hasan Delina
Published: February 2022

Latar belakang: Kepatuhan menggunakan obat antihiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu kunci dari keberhasilan terapi hiperlipidemia. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien yang rendah menjadi temuan pada beberapa penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat profil kepatuhan pasien hiperlipidemia pada salah satu rumah sakit swasta di Jakarta Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan  desain potong lintang dan merupakan studi observasional. Seluruh pasien dengan diagnosis hiperlipidemia menjadi populasi. Tabel Krejcie Morgan digunakan untuk menentukan besar sampel. Tingkat kepatuhan pasien diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) yang telah diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif univariat untuk menggambarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik pasien, profil obat antihiperlipidemia yang digunakan dan tingkat kepatuhan. Hubungan antara karakteristik pasien terhadap tingkat kepatuhan diuji dengan uji chi kuadrat  menggunakan spss versi 22. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok pasien dengan tingkat kepatuhan rendah mendominasi sebesar 86,36%, diikuti tingkat kepatuhan sedang sebesar 10,23% dan hanya 3,41% pasien yang masuk kedalam kelompok dengan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi. Hanya tingkat pendidikan yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat kepatuhan yang ditandai dengan nilai p < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan pasien hiperlipidemia yang masih rendah dalam menggunakan obat mereka masih menjadi permasalahan. Perlu dilakukan upaya oleh tenaga kesehatan yang ada untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut.
Pengembangan dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Formulasi Gel yang Mengandung Etil p-metoksisinamat
Authors: Suryani Nelly , Mubarika Deani Nurul , Komala Ismiarni
Published: February 2022

Etil p-metoksisinamat (EPMS) merupakan senyawa utama aktif anti-inflamasi yang terdapat dalam rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengembangkan sediaan gel yang mengandung EPMS dengan menggunakan kombinasi HPMC dan karbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent. Sediaan gel di buat dalam tiga formula F1, F2 dan F3 dengan variasi persentase kombinasi HPMC : karbopol 940 yang digunakan masing-masingnya adalah 0,4 : 0,4%, 0,5 : 0,5%, dan 1.0 : 0,5%. Masing-masing formula selanjutnya  dievaluasi  sifat fisik dan kimianya. Hasil evaluasi fisik menunjukkan bahwa secara organoleptis ketiga formula F1, F2 dan F3 memenuhi syarat sediaan gel, serta stabil ketika dilakukan  pengujian sentrifugasi dan cycling test. Formuala F2 merupakan sediaan terbaik dalam pembuatan sediaan gel EPMS. Evaluasi stabilitas kimia menunjukkan bahwa kadar EPMS dalam sediaan gel hari ke- 0, 7, 14, dan 21 berada dalam rentang 91–100%. Sediaan gel mengalami penurunan kadar EPMS masing-masingnya sebesar 9% (F1), 5% (F2) dan 6%, (F3).
Mekanisme Kerja Peningkat Penetrasi Golongan Asam Lemak Pada Sediaan Transdermal: Review.
Authors: Almira Vini , Dahlizar Sabrina , Supandi Supandi
Published: February 2022

Sediaan transdermal merupakan sediaan yang diaplikasikan pada permukaan kulit dan dirancang untuk dapat mengantarkan obat melalui kulit ke sirkulasi sistemik. Untuk dapat memberikan efek terapeutik, suatu sediaan transdermal harus mampu menembus lapisan kulit. Penetrasi obat sediaan transdermal ke dalam kulit dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan peningkat penetrasi. Asam lemak merupakan peningkat penetrasi kimia yang dapat meningkatkan permeasi obat hidrofilik dan lipofilik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review (SLR) dan membahas artikel penelitian selama 15 tahun terakhir yang membahas tentang penggunaan peningkat penetrasi golongan asam lemak dalam sediaan transdermal. Diperoleh hasil sebanyak 30 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa asam lemak terbukti dapat meningkatkan permeasi obat hidrofilik maupun lipofil pada sediaan transdermal. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan peningkatan penetrasi asam lemak diantaranya variasi asam lemak, konsentrasi asam lemak yang digunakan dan kombinasi asam lemak dengan peningkat penetrasi lain. Asam lemak tak jenuh lebih efektif meningkatkan permeasi dibandingkan dengan asam lemak jenuh dan asam lemak yang paling banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan permeasi adalah asam oleat.
Neoliberalismo, crisis estructural y sociosanitaria en Chile: la resistencia desde políticas emergentes territoriales en Valparaíso
Authors: Quinteros-Urquieta Carolina , Cortés Mancilla Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explica por qué la crisis política y la pandemia en Chile develaron profundas desigualdades configuradas por el modelo neoliberal, instalado por la dictadura cívico-militar y administrado hasta la actualidad. Desde la crisis sociopolítica de octubre del 2019 y la crisis sociosanitaria, el gobierno neoliberal centró su intervención en el control, sometimiento, asistencia-focalizada, confinamiento y la reactivación económica. Así, las crisis y la política gubernamental agudizaron la precarización de la vida, principalmente en sectores populares. En respuesta, se articularon estrategias locales, territorialmente descentralizadas y en resistencia, como el modelo de confinamiento comunitario, desarrollado por la Municipalidad de Valparaíso, y la práctica política solidaria y comunitaria de las ollas comunes.
Livros Ilustrados Táteis para Crianças com Baixa Visão
Authors: Stockmanns Roberta , Freitas Cláudia Rodrigues de
Published: February 2022

O tema desta pesquisa são livros ilustrados táteis para crianças com baixa visão. Atualmente encontramos uma gama variada de livros infantis com elementos, como: cores, imagens e relevo que dão a elas acesso à literatura. Obras abundantes no mercado editorial, as quais, devido ao seu apelo visual indicam o quanto a visualidade tem se constituído peça importante no universo da literatura infantil. Na direção oposta, encontramos poucos livros que contemplem em sua totalidade às crianças com deficiência visual. Fato que desencadeia este estudo, sendo o livro compreendido como um instrumento capaz de fazer laço entre o universo social e literário. A pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se os padrões de escrita e layout de um livro ilustrado tátil são adequados para que uma criança com baixa visão faça a sua leitura. Metodologia: o estudo tem abordagem qualitativa e foi subsidiado por uma pesquisa bibliográfica de estudos científicos sobre livros ilustrados táteis e deficiência visual e se caracteriza como uma pesquisa-ação. Os resultados indicam que se respeitados os padrões levantados na pesquisa no que se refere a distribuição da escrita e dos elementos em um livro ilustrado tátil a criança com baixa visão consegue realizar a sua leitura.
A Portaria 1.129/2017 e o impacto na fiscalização do trabalho em condições análogas à de escravo no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Azevedo Saraiva Carine
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a atual situação de trabalhadores brasileiros que estão diariamente expostos a condições de trabalho degradantes e vem exercendo suas funções em ambientes de trabalho cujo cenário é de escravidão. A partir disso, faz-se necessário entender como as autoridades têm realizado a fiscalização de tais locais de trabalho e após a implantação da Portaria 1.129/2017 observar, além de seus impactos, os movimentos realizados a fim de erradicar o problema da exploração da mão de obra atual, atentando para o controle exercido pela Administração Pública através do Poder de Polícia. Além disso, é de extrema importância compreender sua eficácia frente às mudanças e medidas que visam erradicar a exposição do trabalhador em situações precárias e abusivas que potencializam as condições de escravidão no ambiente de trabalho. Por fim, a percepção dos efeitos e mudanças da Portaria 1.129/2017 na regulamentação da fiscalização do trabalho escravo contemporâneo, considerando a sua consequente revogação e implantação de nova Portaria 1.293/2017, ainda em vigor.
Biodiversidade Marinha Brasileira: a importância da conservação marinha e o cumprimentos dos compromissos internacionais pelo Brasil
Authors: Amin Aleph Hassan Costa , Farias Milena Furtado , Carneiro Dielle Alana Albuquerque
Published: February 2022

A preservação da biodiversidade marinha tornou-se um dos principais pontos a serem refletidos pela comunidade globalatualmente. Com isso, de forma a mudar o cenário inexpressivo de cumprimento das metas da década passada, foram estabelecidas as metas de Aichi 2011-2020 para a biodiversidade, instituídas na 10º reunião das partes – COP 10, órgão diretor da Convenção sobre diversidade biológica (CDB). No ano limite para a implementação das metas 2011-2020, levanta-se o questionamento sobre o grau de efetividade alcançado pelo Governo Brasileiro e a importância da implementação das metas de proteção à biodiversidade marinha, sobretudo a meta 5, 6, 11 e 14, que tratam, respectivamente, sobre a perda dos habitats marinhos nativos, a conservação das espécies marinhas ameaçadas, áreas marinhas protegidas e a gestão participativa dos serviços ecossistêmicos advindos do ecossistema marinho. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar o grau de eficiência e importância dados pelo Governo Brasileiro às metas de Aichi para 2020 referentes à biodiversidade marinha, através de documentos oficiais como o sexto relatório Nacional para a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, publicado no websiteoficial da CDB em 29 de abril de 2020, apontando o fato de que o Brasil tem mais se preocupado com o cumprimento quantitativo das metas, que estão diretamente ligadas a interesses políticos, em detrimento da qualidade da preservação e dos povos tradicionais que se utilizam de tais recursos.
Supremo Tribunal Federal e Covid-19: entre informação e saúde
Authors: Bosa Anderson Carlos , Maas Rosana Helena
Published: February 2022

Considerando a atual crise sanitária global causada pelo novo Coronavirus Diease (COVID-19), pretende-se verificar como o direito à informação age na proteção do direito à saúde e auxilia no enfrentamento da pandemia. Assim, analisa-se o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) frente ao fornecimento de dados correlacionados ao COVID-19 através das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidades (ADIs) n. 6351, 6347, 6353 e da Medida Cautelar na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) n. 690, buscando-se, ao final, responder a seguinte problemática: qual é o posicionamento do STF em relação ao direito à informação na proteção do direito à saúde na atual crise sanitária vivenciada pelo Brasil por conta do COVID-19? Para objetar tal problemática, utiliza-se do método dedutivo e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Constata-se que o STF se posiciona no sentido de que o direito à informação não pode ser limitado quanto ao seu caráter de acesso, sendo importante pressuposto para a proteção do direito à saúde, pois a coleta de dados epidemiológicos relacionadas ao COVID-19 constitui mecanismo essencial para a tomada de decisões, alocação de recursos, efetividade de políticas pública e ações de vigilância epidemiológicas. Ainda, o sigilo de informações deve ser medida excepcional quando determina o interesse público, não podendo transformar a exceção (o sigilo) em regra. A importância do trabalho está direcionada ao fator da necessidade de compreender como a proteção ao direito à saúde é sistêmica, abrangendo outros direitos previstos pelo ordenamento jurídico nacional, sendo um deles, o direito à informação.
Análise do PH de águas minerais envasadas comercializadas em Porto Alegre/RS e sua verificação conforme o rótulo e os conflitos das legislações atuais
Authors: Beretta Bruna Figueiredo Da Silva , Dutra Daiane , Machado Danieli , De Lima Luis Felipe , Gomes Sandra , Mascarenhas Marcello
Published: February 2022

A água é um recurso indispensável à vida. Atualmente, grande parte da população tem preferência pelo consumo de águas minerais envasadas, sendo uma opção de fácil acesso, segura e benéfica ao consumidor. A qualidade das águas minerais é expressa por suas características físico-químicas, sendo o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) um dos mais importantes parâmetros de qualidade da água. Atualmente, não existe nenhuma legislação que determine uma faixa de pH específica para águas minerais envasadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar o pH de 25 águasminerais naturais sem gás, de diferentes estados brasileiros, comercializadas em garrafas plásticas de 410 a 510 mL e adquiridas em mercados do município de Porto Alegre/RS. Os testes foram realizados no Laboratório de Biologia Molecular da instituição de ensino superior Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA, entre outubro e novembro de 2018.As análises foram realizadas por pHmetro de bancada com termocompensador e através de fitas universais de pH.Os resultados obtidos foram confrontados com os rótulos e discutido conforme as legislações existentes, utilizando--se um parâmetro comparativo entre as águas provenientes de sistemas de abastecimento, que são regidas pela Portaria Ministério da Saúde de Nº 2.914/11, que exclui as águas minerais envasadas de sua regência. Todas asmarcas analisadas apresentaram inconformidades entre todos os parâmetros confrontados. Duas das amostras verificadas apresentaram o pH do rótulo abaixo da faixa estabelecida para o abastecimento público. Quando comparado aos resultados das análises, obteve-se ampla diferença perante o pH descrito no rótulo, divergência elucidadapor ser preconizada medição apenas na fonte. Conclui-se que os parâmetros físico-químicos descritos nos rótulos devem ser atualizados, assegurando as variações ocorridas ao longo do tempo, a fim de evitar possíveis inconformidades e salienta-se a necessidade da implementação de uma faixa de pH específica para águas minerais envasadas,evitando a aplicação de legislações inexistentes, revogadas ou inaplicáveis.
Horseshoe bat species recorded in the mangrove ecosystem of the Cat Ba National Park, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Thong Vu Dinh , Nha Pham Van , Tien Pham Duc , Luong Nguyen Thanh , Dang Nguyen Xuan , Nghia Nguyen Xuan , Southaphanh Schanh , Thongphachanh Ladthavong , Dung Do Thuy , Khu Nguyen Xuan , Viet Nguyen Van
Published: February 2022

Cat Ba National Park is the core zone of the Cat Ba Archipelago Biosphere Reserve. It contains quite diverse and unique ecosystems including 776 ha of mangrove forest. Although bats of the park were included in many publications, none were recorded from the mangrove ecosystem. We recently conducted field surveys through the wetland areas of the park and recorded three horseshoe bat species: Marshall's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus marshalli), Pearson’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii), and the least horseshoe bat (R. pusillus). Of these, R. pearsonii is the most common species. We here provide morpholocal and acoustic features of each species with notes on the importance of the mangrove forest in the park for bat research and conservation.
The TVD Modification of Third-Order Godunov Method
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Vasilyev Evgeniy , Vasilyeva Tatyana ,   Volgograd State University
Published: February 2022

A study of the monotonicity properties of a new modification of the Godunov method, which has a third order of approximation in space and time, is presented. The difference scheme of the method uses a simultaneous discretization of conservation laws in space and time without of Runge — Kutta stages. This method is a development of the second order Godunov method through the connection of two additional fluxes correction procedures. The first procedure increases the order of approximation for linear systems of equations. The second procedure uses the finite differences of the Jacobi matrix of the system of equations and eliminates the second-order error that occurs due to the nonlinearity of the equations. The TVD property of the difference scheme is strictly proved in relation to the linear scalar transfer equation when using an generalized adaptive limiter of central differences. New modifications of limiters are proposed that significantly improve the accuracy of the solution in the vicinity of discontinuities and local extremes. New limiters are obtained from the known ones using a simple function of local smooth deformation. An economical version of the third-order Godunov method for gas dynamics equations with quadratic reconstruction of parameters in primary variables is presented. The use of primary variables for reconstruction significantly reduces the FPU time during calculations. The advantages of the third-order method in terms of the accuracy of the solution in the vicinity of contact discontinuities and the boundaries of the rarefaction wave are demonstrated on standard tests. The proposed approach to constructing third-order difference schemes can be used for inhomogeneous and two-dimensional hyperbolic systems of nonlinear equations.
Determination method for metal bridge superstructure replacement priority using strength, economic and operational criteria
Authors: Feoktistova Elena
Published: February 2022

The article describes the problem arising from the setting trains with increased axleloads into operation on bridges with superstructures, engineered according to the old design standards. On the railways used riveted metal bridge superstructures, which require replacement due to significant corrosion, mechanical and fatigue damage, due to insufficient carrying load and residual fatigue life to pass the prospective load. Superstructures, designed in the 30s-40s, are more than 80-90 years used in conditions of a relatively difficult operation. During long-term operation, processes occur in elements and joints that lead to the formation and development of various hazard degrees damages, and failures. It is necessary to resolve the further exploitation issue of old bridge superstructures and their replacement.
The author has applied the analyzing method of the criteria system, with the account of economic and technical capabilities for replacement priority determination of bridge superstructures. A set of criteria were proposed for solving this problem in digital form. Compiled matrices of pair-wise comparison, the comparison was performed using a relative importance scale with the test significance determination. By the linear algebra methods the eigenvector of matrix components values — local priorities — are calculated for each pair-wise comparisons matrix. As a result of calculations by the proposed criteria, were obtained global priorities for replacing options for riveted metal superstructures made by old design standards. The mathematical apparatus of the criteria hierarchy method is easy to use and allows you to get a solution in digital form, you can use other criteria.
Unsaturated characteristics and transport of hydrated chromium ore processing residue
Authors: Eun Jongwan , Mousavi M. Sina , Rhoades Katrina , Tinjum James M.
Published: February 2022

A mining tail cover system for controlling toxic substances (e.g. chromium (VI) (Cr6+)) in chromium ore processing residue (COPR) requires unsaturated transport modelling with inputs of water retention curves (WRCs) to evaluate the system. This study experimentally characterised the unsaturated properties of unweathered grey-black (GB) and weathered hard-brown (HB) COPR before and after hydration associated with mineralogical changes and estimated chromium transport by employing numerical modelling with the properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were also performed before and after testing to quantify the mineralogical compounds of materials. The XRD results showed that the brownmillerite decreased with the degree of the hydration. The relationship between the fitting parameters of WRC models and variables, such as the degree of hydration and specific gravity, was investigated. The WRC of GB COPR shows a bimodal shape because of the hydration process during the test. The hydration process transformed the chemical and mineralogical composition of GB COPR, thus influencing its WRC characteristics. Numerical simulations parameterised by WRC properties were conducted to compare unsaturated transport between GB and HB COPR through a sandy cover. HB COPR had a longer transportation time than GB COPR, revealing the importance of considering water retention characteristics in remediation plans.
Jonadab Son of Shimeah: A Figure Wrapped in Controversy
Authors: Keren Orly , Taragan Hagit
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Jonadab son of Shimeah was King David's nephew. His character can be evaluated on the basis of the two brief scenes where he appeared in 2 Sam 13:3-5, 30-37. The article surveys four aspects of the controversy that swirls around Jonadab's moral nature: 1. The terms used to describe him, namely, "friend" and "a very smart man," which can be interpreted as "wise in evil counsel" (b. Sanh. 21a) or as "intelligent and perspicacious "; 2. The assessment of his conduct and relations with the other characters-Amnon, Tamar, Absalom, and David; 3. How he fits into the narrative as a whole and whether he is a main or supporting character; 4. How the editor revised the original author's text of this chapter. The first three aspects allow an examination of Jonadab' s moral character, the fourth determining whether his presence is essential to the story. Keywords: Biblical narrative, Jonadab son of Shimeah, Episode, (Main or supporting) Character, Editor, Author
Cleaning, Aggregating, and Filtering CMU Libraries Open Science and Data Collaborations Program Data v1
Authors: Campbell Patrick
Published: February 2022

This document describes the process and tools used to clean, aggregate, and filter the data resources collected and maintained by University Libraries’ Open Science and Data Collaborations program at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). This data cleaning protocol is used to support program evaluation and strategy development.
The survey of Liphyra brassolislarvae in weaver ants nest v1
Authors: D Advento A , M Yusah Kalsum , Maurice Fayle Tom
Published: February 2022

This protocol used to survey the occurrence of Liphyra brasollis larvae in weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) nest in oil palm plantations.
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Authors: Maxxx Male Enhancement Iron
Published: February 2022

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Published: February 2022

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Authors: CBD Gummies Gold
Published: February 2022

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Authors: not provided bruuburnketo
Published: February 2022

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Protocol 1: Clinical and demographic information v1
Authors: Adler Sophie , Ripart Mathilde , Project Meld , Wagstyl Konrad
Published: February 2022

The MELD Project is an international collaboration aiming to create open-access, robust and generalisable tools for FCD detection. This MRI data protocol details 1) How to get access to the MELD Focal Epilepsies Redcap database 2) Inclusion criteria for the study 3) How to fill in the participant information questionnaire PLEASE NOTE: To take part in the MELD Project each site will be required to 1) sign our memorandum of understanding and 2) provide a letter from the head of department or local R&D office confirming that they have obtained appropriate ethical approval to share the anonymised data with UCL.