bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATIFIKASI KADAR HORMON KORTISOL SERUM dan SKOR PARENTING SELF-EFFICACY MENURUT KARAKTERISTIK SUBJEK PADA IBU POSTPARTUM SECTIO CAESAREA DI RS TK.III DR. REKSODIWIRYO TAHUN 2020
Authors: Lezafidyahrestiana Leza Fidyah Restiana , Rosfitarasyid Rosfita Rasyid , Andifriada Andi Friadi
Published: November 2024

Latar belakang: Persalinan dengan sectio caesarea  (SC) memicu terjadinya peningkatan hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) Axis dan hormon kortisol. Peningkatan hormon kortisol mempengaruhi respon tubuh fisik maupun psikologis sehingga memicu stimulus stres dan meningkatkan sekresi adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Hal tersebut menyebabkan perubahan mood ibu dan akan berpengaruh pada parenting self efficacy (PSE). Tingkatankarakteristik subjek pada ibu postpartum SC mempengaruhi hasil skor  PSE dan kadar hormon kotisol.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui stratifikasi kadar hormon kortisol serum dan skor PSE menurut karakteristik subjek pada ibu postpartum SC.
Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik korelatif dengan desain cross-sectional terhadap 26 ibu postpartum SC di Rumah Sakit Tentara Dr. Reksodiwiryo pada bulan Maret-Juni 2020 dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Kadar hormon kortisol serum diukur menggunakan metode ELISA dan perhitungan skor PSE menggunakan kuesioner Salonen. Hasil penelitian kadar kortisol menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney pada paritas, pekerjaan dan dukungan social. Tingkat pendidikan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis.Skor PSE menggunakan uji Student’s t pada dukungan sosial, pekerjaan, paritas dan tingkat pendidikan menggunakan uji one Way Anova.
Hasil penelitian: Kadar kortisol serum pada ibu postpartum SC dengan uji Mann-Whitney lebih tinggi pada ibu multipara menunjukkan nilai p=0,016 dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah  nilai p=0,09 sedangkan kadar kortisol tidak berhubungan dengan status pekerjaan dan dukungan sosial. Stratifikasi subjek menunjukkan tingkat dukungan sosial yang tinggi merupakan penentu PSE yang tinggi dengan uji student’s t nilai p=0,019, namun skor PSE tidak berhubungan dengan paritas, tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kadar kortisol lebih tinggi pada ibu multipara dengan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah sedangkan status pekerjaan dan dukungan sosial tidak berhubungan dengan kadar kortisol. Hasil skor PSE menurut karakteristik subjek tingkat dukungan sosial yang tinggi merupakan penentu PSE yang tinggi sedangkan paritas, tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan skor PSE.
Efektivitas Buah Naga dan Sari Kurma Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin ‎pada Remaja Putri ‎
Authors: Ratnaindah Ratna Indah
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi anemia berkisar 29,9% terjadi pada usia 15-49 tahun yang disebabkan oleh siklus menstruasi setiap bulannya. Penanganan secara nonfarmakologik dengan mengkonsumsi buah-buahan yaitu kurma dan buah naga yang mengandung fitokimia tinggi. Buah naga yang kaya antioksidan dan kalsium serta zat besi serta sari kurma yang kaya akan karbohidrat, protein, asam amino dan mineral yang berfungsi untuk darah. Hasil survei didapati sebanyak 53 remaja putri didapati sebanyak 5 orang mengalami anemia berat. Tujuan: menganalisis efektifitas sesudah pemberian kombinasi buah naga dan tablet Fe serta kombinasi sari kurma dan tablet Fe terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri di Sekolah Menengah Theologia Anjongan. Metode: Quasi experiment desain pre-test and post-test control group dengan sampel remaja putri sebanyak 44 responden yang diteliti di Sekolah Menengah Theologia Anjongan. Analisis data menggunakan Paired T-Test dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat efektivitas yang diberikan intervensi sebelum dan sesudah pemberian kombinasi buah naga dan tablet Fe (p<0.000) serta sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi sari kurma dan tablet Fe (p<0.003). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan efektivitas antara Buah Naga dan Sari kurma terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri (p<0.000). Kesimpulan: Buah naga dan tablet Fe lebih efektif dibanding sari kurma dan tablet Fe  terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri.
PENGARUH PRODUK, HARGA, LOKASI DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN PADA INDOMARET DI JALAN PB. SUDIRMAN JEMBER
Authors: Istifarin Febri Rahmawati
Published: November 2024

Marketing atau pemasaran berperan penting dalam suatu perusahaan sebagai salah satu usaha terintegrasi produk untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen.Pada 1960-an, E. Jerome Mc. Carthy, penulis dan profesor di bidang pemasaran, memperkenalkan konsep 4P dalam buku Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach. Nah, 4P marketing adalah product (produk), price (harga), place (tempat), dan promotion (promosi). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah marketing mix menjadi pengaruh terhadap keputusan yang akan diambil oleh para konsumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa 4P (product, price, place and promotion) berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen
Histopathological characteristics of cervical cancer in El-Obeid tertiary hospitals: A 5-year retrospective study
Authors:   Kordufan Histopathology center, El-Obeid, NK, Sudan., Hassan Salma , Agabeldour Ahmed , Ahmed Hussain
Published: November 2024

Background: Lack of cervical screening programs makes cervical cancer a major health issue in underdeveloped countries. Early clinical symptoms beyond the disease's histological profile are crucial for preventing fatal consequences and providing appropriate treatment. Methodology: This study is a retrospective descriptive analysis of cervical cancer cases recorded in El-Obeid, North Kordofan, spanning from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We reviewed 190 cervical cancer reports. Patients suffered 72% vaginal bleeding, 26% discharge, and a few urinary symptoms. The mass's gross morphology showed 54% exophytic growth and 32% infiltrative growth. In the cervical cancer study, 74% were SCC and 26% were adenocarcinoma. Big cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) made up 58% of them and were moderately differentiated (grade II). Additionally, 25% were grade I keratinizing SCC. FIGO staging placed 90% of patients at stage 1. Conclusion: among Sudan, uterine cervix cancer is still common among patients seeking medical attention for various complaints. Moderately differentiated SCC was most prevalent. Since cervical cancer is generally preventable in its premalignant state, early diagnosis and screening policies should be implemented.
Crema tópica antifúngica elaborada con el extracto hidroalcohólico de la especie endémica Piper ecuadorense Sodiro (matico).
Authors: Ojeda-Riascos Santiago , Rivera Guisella , Castillo Leydy Nathaly , Armijos Chabaco , Ramírez Jorge
Published: November 2024

El presente estudio describe el proceso de una adaptación tecnológica realizada a nivel de laboratorio para la preparación de una crema tópica con actividad antifúngica usando el extracto alcohólico (70%) de la especie endémica Piper ecuadorense Sodiro (matico). El comportamiento de las formulaciones semisólidas (crema) fueron evaluadas en función de las características organolépticas, fisicoquímicas y la actividad antifúngica in vitro de la crema a tres temperaturas de almacenamiento diferentes: (i) medio ambiente, (ii) 30 °C ±2 y (iii) 45 °C ±2, durante un tiempo aproximado de tres meses. Además de ello, otras características como el aspecto, textura, color, densidad, pH y extensibilidad fueron consideradas para determinar la formulación más estable. Referente a la dosificación del extracto etanólico para la inhibición del crecimiento fúngico, la crema elaborada usando 1% del extracto resultó ser la más efectiva al presentar una respuesta positiva frente a dos tipos de dermatofitos a los que fue expuesta, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC® 28185 y Tri-chophyton rubrum ATCC® 28188, a una dosificación de 1000 µg/mL y durante un mes de evaluación. Dada la presencia de resultados antifúngicos promisorios, la fórmula desarrollada se encuentra en la posibilidad de ser empleada en estudios posteriores, con la finalidad de evaluar su eficiencia clínica en el tratamiento de infecciones tópicas de la piel.
Palabras clave: Crema tópica; extracto hidroalcohólico; Piper ecuadorense; actividad antifúngica.
Antibacterial and molluscicidal properties of Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm Dick and
Agave beaulerina Jacobi
Authors: Pérez Hernández Yunel , Cortegaza Ávila Leidy , Camacho Campos Conrado , Rubio Fontanills Yasmary , Valdivia Ávila Aymara L. , Sosa del Castillo Daynet , Liriano González Ramón , Matos Trujillo Madyu de las Mercedes
Published: November 2024

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical, antibacterial, and molluscicide properties of Agave salmiana and Agave beaulerina in the Matanzas, Cuba province. Leaves of both species were collected, cleaned, dried, and powdered. The extractions were carried out in 90 % ethanol and distilled water. The qualitative content of various secondary metabolites was determined, and reducing sugars and total soluble proteins were quantified. The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The molluscicide activity of the aqueous extracts was also evaluated against the snail Praticollela griseola. Terpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, couma-rins, and cardiac glycosides were observed in both plant species. The leaf ethanolic extracts presented an antibacterial effect against both pathogens, although the most significant results were obtained with Agave beaulerina extract. The higher molluscicidal activity was observed with the aqueous extract of A. salmiana, resulting in a 100% mortality after two hours of application. The data would suggest using these plants as a source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. The aqueous extract of A. salmiana could be considered a promising biological molluscicide and an ecological alternative to control Praticollela griseola in vegetable production areas.
Keywords: Agavaceae; biopesticides; mollusks; saponin; Staphylococcus aureus.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPA SD Berbasis Brain Based Learning (BBL)
Authors: Maesarani  , Sucilestari Ramdhani , Hamzan
Published: November 2024

This study developed a Brain Based Learning-based sciencelearning module on the sub-matter of the function of human and animal organs. In the module there are very detailed learning objectives so that student learning activities become directed in achieving learning objectives that are valid and practical to use in learning. This research is a development research, namely, developing learning modules using the ADDIE development method. The selection of the ADDIE method is based on the consideration that the ADDIE method is oriented towards learning products. The ADDIE research and development method consists of five stages, namely, the Analysis (Analysis), Design (Desigen), Development (Deplovment), Implementation (Implementation), and Evaluation (Evaluation) stages.  In the research, the trial was conducted at SDN 1 Pusuk Lestari. The research subjects used were class V students as many as 18 students. The assessment instrument used is a validation sheet and student response questionnaire. Based on the results of the feasibility trial, the learning module developed was included in the feasible/valid category. To determine the feasibility of the developed learning module, researchers used material expert validators and media experts using a questionnaire assessment in the form of a Likert scale. The average percentage score obtained from material experts in the first validation was 27.38% while the second validation score obtained was 75% and the media expert validator in the first validation was 31.25% while the second validator produced 75% of the results of the assessment of the two experts, the learning module was categorised as feasible/valid to use. At the small group trial stage, the percentage score obtained was 82.16%, while the large group trial obtained a percentage of 87.22%, which was classified as good.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Fisika Berbantuan PheT Berbasis Inkuiri Pada Materi Usaha dan Energi Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Gerung Lombok Barat
Authors: Wandira Ayu , Bahtiar  , Ali Lalu Usman , Septiana Yolanita
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the validity of the development of inquiry-based phet-assisted physics learning modules on effort and energy material according to media experts at SMA Negeri 1 Gerung, and to determine the validity of the development of inquiry-based phet-assisted physics learning modules on effort and energy material according to material experts at SMA Negeri 1 Gerung. The research instrument used is a validation questionnaire for material experts, media experts, teachers, and student responses using small group trials and large group trials in class X IPA. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Gerung West Lombok majoring in Science This research is a Research and Developmend (R&D) model developed in this study is ASSURE, this ASSURE model uses 6 stages, namely: (1) Analyse Learners, (2) State Objectives, (3) Select Strategy, Technology, Media, and Materials, (4) Utilise Technology, Media and Materials, (5) Require Learner Participation, (6) Evaluate and Revise. The results of this study are the Physics Learning Module from material experts obtained a percentage value of 75.58% with a category worth using, the assessment of media experts obtained a percentage value with a category, for the assessment of the Sma Negeri 1 Gerung teacher obtained a percentage value of 82.24% with a category agreeing to be used in the school, and for the assessment of small groups and large groups obtained a percentage value of 85% and 88% categorised as a conclusion: Inquiry-based Phet-assisted Physics Learning Module is feasible to use, effective and active to use as Physics Learning Module.
Analisis Tingkat Pemahaman dan Miskosepsi Fisika Siswa Pada Materi Suhu dan Kalor Menggunakan Five Tier Diagnostic Test di SMAN 1 Brang Rea
Authors: Syahratinnur  , Zohdi Ahmad , Kafrawi Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyse the level of understanding and misconceptions of students using the five tier diagnostic test instrument on temperature and heat material. The research method used was descriptive quantitative research. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Brang Rea with the number of participants as many as 25 students of class XI MIA 1. The instrument used in this research is a five tier diagnostic test of 20 items.  Based on the results of the analysis of this instrument can not only analyse misconceptions but also can analyse students who fully understand, partially understand and do not understand the concept. So that the results of the diagnostic test analysis of students obtained a full understanding level of 38.93%, and a misconception level of 38.93%. Partially understood by 13.33% and did not understand the concept by 8.80%. The cause of misconceptions is mostly caused by one's own thinking because the average confidence level of the causal source for one's own thinking has a greater value than the other causal sources. Although the percentage of misconceptions is moderate, there are still students who experience misconceptions on the material.
Penerapan Metode Diskusi Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Tematik Kelas V SD
Authors: Lia Shelia Pramesti , Setyawan Agung
Published: November 2024

The background of this research is because most of the fifth grade elementary school students in this thematic learning feel that the learning that is being carried out tends to be monotonous and the children become bored and lack enthusiasm in learning. This research aims to increase the understanding of fifth grade students at SD Negeri Karangasem in increasing enthusiasm in learning especially in thematic subjects. The subjects of this study were 11 fifth grade students at SDN Karangasem. Instruments in this study were interviews, observations, tests, documentation, and field notes. The results of the study prove that there is a significant increase when researchers use the discussion method. When the implementation of cycle I obtained greater or equal good ethics, only 10% with a number of students of 2 students from a total of 11 students. Then in cycle III the increase in student learning motivation has obtained indicators of success, because the number of students who obtain is greater or as good as 90% with a total of 11 students.
Strategi Guru Pendidikan IPS dalam Pembentukan Sikap Sosial Siswa Kelas VII di MTs Negeri 2 Lombok Tengah
Authors: Rohanah  , Satriawan Lalu Agus , Jamiluddin  , Najamudin
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine (1) the teacher's strategy in forming the social attitudes of class VII students at MTs Negeri 2 Central Lombok. (2) The social studies teacher's efforts in overcoming obstacles to the formation of social attitudes of class VII students at MTs. Country 2 Central Lombok. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The techniques used in collecting data are interview techniques as the main technique and documentation and observation techniques as supporting techniques. The data sources in this research are primary data sources in the form of madrasahs, staff, and teachers at MTs. Country 2 Central Lombok. Meanwhile, secondary data sources are written documents. Data analysis was carried out by carrying out the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and to check the validity of the data a triangulation process was carried out. The results of this study indicate that the teacher's strategy in forming the social attitudes of class VII students at MTs. Negeri 2 Central Lombok is a humanist strategy, Spiritual (religious) and Behavioral (environmental) Strategy. Furthermore, the efforts of IPS education teachers in overcoming obstacles to the formation of social attitudes of class VII students at MTs. Negeri 2 Central Lombok is an Individually Direct Approach to the Students and Students Concerned.
Model Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Dinamika Interaksi Sosial Anak Pengguna Gedget (Studi Kasus Pengguna Gadget di Desa Pejanggik)
Authors: Awwad Muhammad , Safta Isman Heri
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya pengguna gadget diberbagai kalangan, mulai dari anak-anak sampai orang dewasa. fokus penelitian ini adalah anak-anak sebagai pengguna gadget. Menariknya berbagai macam tontonan yang dapat diakses pada gadget berdampak pada kecanduan anak dalam menggunakan gadget. hingga mengakibatkan anak banyak menghabiskan waktunya untuk bermain gadget, sehingga waktu untuk belajar menjadi banyak tersita dan waktu bermain bersama teman-teman sebaya menjadi berkurang karena berdiam di kamar sendiri dalam menggunakan gadget. penelitian dilakukan di dusun yang mendapatkan bantuan dari pihak telkomsel untuk memberikan layanan internet gratis.. Dengan adanya layanan internet gratis mengakibatkan anak yang sebelumnya jarang pegang hp menjadi lebih sering dengan intensitas waktu yang cukup lama. Selain itu, anak yang sebelumnya tidak memiliki hp android menjadi tuntutan kepada orang tua mereka untuk dapat membelikan anaknya hp android. Layanan internet gratis tanpa batas waktu mengakibatkan anak menjadi lebih senang pegang hp. Fenomena ini berimplikasi pada kurangnya interaksi sosial anak pada teman sebaya. Selain itu, anak lebih cenderung pendiam, serta anak lebih bersifat ekslusif. Terdapat beberapa model pola asuh orang tua dalam mengatasi anak yang candu memainkan hp android, seperti pola asuh otoriter dan demokrasi.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Perpustakaan Sekolah Sebagai Sumber Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII Pada Bidang Studi IPS
Authors: Hizam Ibnu , Zaetun
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of school libraries on learning achievement. The researcher is a quantitative research using statistical data analysis. The sample in this study amounted to 41 students who were taken randomly (random) from a total population of 209 students in class VII of SMP Negeri 4 Gerung. Based on the results of hypothesis testing which says that there is an effect of using library media on the learning achievement of seventh grade students at SMPN 4 Gerung by using the product moment correlation formula, it shows that student learning achievement can be improved through the implementation of the library which in the test obtained Rxy of 0.495 which is interpreted as still in a high significant level.
Protocolos de Urgência para o Manejo da Cetoacidose Euglicêmica Secundária ao Uso de ISGLT2: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Holanda Guerra Denise Krishna , Santos Alexandre Lopes dos , Jambo Bene Rafael , Lima Bruno Guilherme da silva , Lima Eduarda Tais Barros de , Amaral Fátima Maria Bernardes Henriques , Ávila Guilherme Kumm , Verde Guilherme Moura Lima , Lustosa Leticia de Melo , Lima Leonardo César de , Geiss Maiara Letícia , Filho Manoel Dimas Rocha de Oliveira , Amaral Mylena Caetano do , Sá Suzane Maria de Sousa , Nascimento Virna Maia Soares do , Yalle
Published: November 2024

A cetoacidose euglicêmica é uma condição metabólica emergente associada ao uso de inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose 2 (SGLT2) em pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos protocolos de urgência no manejo dessa condição, revisando a literatura sobre sua incidência e prevalência, métodos diagnósticos, e comparando diferentes protocolos de manejo. A pesquisa foi realizada através de uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e qualitativa de artigos científicos, dissertações, teses e livros publicados entre 2007 e 2024, utilizando bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo, LILACS e Google Scholar. Os resultados mostram que a cetoacidose euglicêmica pode ocorrer em situações de estresse metabólico, como infecções e gravidez, além do uso de SGLT2. A ausência de hiperglicemia significativa torna o diagnóstico desafiador, exigindo alta suspeição clínica. Sintomas como náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal e hiperventilação devem alertar os profissionais de saúde para esta condição. O manejo inclui a descontinuação imediata dos SGLT2, reidratação agressiva, correção de desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e administração de insulina. A educação de pacientes e cuidadores sobre os sinais e sintomas iniciais e a importância do monitoramento regular da glicemia e dos corpos cetônicos é crucial para prevenir complicações graves. Conclui-se que os protocolos bem estruturados e a integração de cuidados multidisciplinares podem melhorar significativamente os desfechos clínicos. Futuros estudos devem explorar mais profundamente os mecanismos subjacentes e desenvolver estratégias de manejo baseadas em evidências robustas para promover um cuidado integral e eficaz para pacientes com diabetes.
Mental Health Literacy and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Duwal Sarita , Paudel Rajan , Paudel Mohan , Dhaubanjar Manisha , Nepal Jyoti , Acharya Dilaram , Dhungana Saraswati
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Mental health problems like depression and anxiety are the leading contributors to the global burden of disease.  Mental health problems are common in adults and children in Nepal, accounting for 13.2% and 11.2% of the population while only 21% sought treatment. Evaluation  of  mental  health  literacy  is  important  in  assisting  the  development  of  intervention  and policies toward preventing mental health problems. This study aimed to assess the mental health literacy among the secondary school students of Bhaktapur municipality and identify the factors associated with it.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in December 2019 among 468 students of grade11 and 12. We selected the study sample using two-stage cluster sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection using a modified mental health literacy scale. Collected data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 17.0.  Descriptive analysis was done to find out the level of MHL. Variables that were found statistically significant (p<0.05) in the univariate analysis were further analysed using multiple linear regression method. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine, Nepal.
Results: The participants exhibited moderate level of mental health literacy score of 110.9 8 (SD=±11.11).This study shows that age below 18 years (β= 2.13, 95% CI= 0.093to4.164), science faculty (β= 6. 41, 95% CI= 3.71to8.57), internet source for health information (β=2.31, 95% CI= 0.21to4.41), part-time job (β= -6.78, 95% CI= -9.30to -4.25) and mental distress (β= -3.37, 95% CI= -5.27to -1.47) were significantly associated with MHL in the students.
Conclusions: Awareness of existing MHL levels in the secondary school students is crucial for the evaluation of targeted educational interventions and for the further development and implementation of these interventions in the future. This study also emphasizes the need for school mental health program and to include mental health literacy in the school curriculum.
Keywords: Mental health literacy, Health literacy, School students
Klasifikasi Penyakit Tanaman Tomat Melalui Citra Daun Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Anwari Ahmad Choirul
Published: November 2024

This study aims to classify tomato plant diseases through leaf imagery using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. Tomatoes are a major commodity in the agricultural industry that are susceptible to various diseases, such as root rot and leaf blight, which can damage crop yields and farmers' economies. Disease classification has traditionally been often inefficient and inaccurate. Therefore, the CNN method is applied in this study to identify tomato leaf disease effectively. The dataset used consisted of 4000 images of tomato leaves divided into four categories: bacterial spot, early blight, healthy, and late blight. The results showed that the developed CNN model had an accuracy of 88% on training and validation data. This model is also able to classify diseases with a good level of accuracy in the test data, namely bacterial spot (90%), early blight (100%), healthy (70%), and late blight (80%). This study proves that the CNN method is effective in classifying diseases in tomato leaves, so that it can be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for farmers.
Developing a Strategic Model for Current Ulama and Identity Movements: Lessons from the Contributions of Ulama in Combating British Colonization
Authors: Md Bani Eamin Miazee
Published: November 2024

Despite their historical significance, contemporary ulama often face challenges in uniting diverse Muslim communities around shared goals. This paper seeks to identify the strategic lessons from the past that can enhance the effectiveness of current movements led by ulama. The proposed model integrates concepts of community engagement, collective action, and strategic mobilization, emphasizing the importance of adapting historical lessons to contemporary contexts. This paper proposes a strategic model for contemporary ulama and identity movements, drawing on historical lessons from the contributions of ulama during British colonization. By analyzing their mobilization strategies, community engagement, and political activism, this study aims to identify effective approaches for current ulama to address contemporary challenges while fostering unity within the Muslim community. The historical context of British colonization in India serves as a critical backdrop for understanding the role of ulama in shaping Muslim identity and mobilization. This paper examines how the ulama effectively organized communities, advocated for rights, and resisted colonial oppression, providing valuable insights for today's ulama engaged in similar identity movements.
Language-Guided World Models: A Model-Based Approach to AI Control
Authors: Zhang Alex , Nguyen Khanh
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces the concept of Language-Guided World Models (LWMs)—probabilistic models that can simulate environments by reading texts. Agents equipped with these models provide humans with more extensive and efficient control, allowing them to simultaneously alter agent behaviors in multiple tasks via natural verbal communication. In this work, we take initial steps in developing robust LWMs that can generalize to compositionally novel language descriptions. We design a challenging world modeling benchmark based on the game of MESSENGER (Hanjie et al., 2021), featuring evaluation settings that require varying degrees of compositional generalization. Our experiments reveal the lack of generalizability of the state-of-the-art Transformer model, as it offers marginal improvements in simulation qual-ity over a no-text baseline. We devise a more robust model by fusing the Transformer with the EMMA attention mechanism (Hanjie et al., 2021). Our model substantially outperforms the Transformer and approaches the performance of a model with an oracle semantic parsing and grounding capability. To demonstrate the practicality of this model in improving AI safety and transparency, we simulate a scenario in which the model enables an agent to present plans to a human before execution, and to re-vise plans based on their language feedback.
AIR-Bench 2024: A Safety Benchmark Based on Risk Categories from Regulations and Policies
Authors: Zeng Yi , Yang Yu Yang , Zhou Andy , Tan Jeffrey Ziwei , Tu Yuheng , Mai Yifan , Klyman Kevin , Pan Minzhou , Jia Ruoxi , Song Dawn , Liang Percy , Li Bo
Published: November 2024

Foundation models (FMs) provide societal benefits but also amplify risks. Governments, companies, and researchers have proposed regulatory frameworks, acceptable use policies, and safety benchmarks in response. However, existing public benchmarks often define safety categories based on previous literature, intuitions, or common sense, leading to disjointed sets of categories for risks specified in recent regulations and policies, which makes it challenging to evaluate and compare FMs across these benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we introduce AIR-Bench 2024, the first AI safety benchmark aligned with emerging government regulations and company policies, following the regulation-based safety categories grounded in our AI risks study, AIR 2024. AIR 2024 decomposes 8 government regulations and 16 company policies into a four-tiered safety taxonomy with 314 granular risk categories in the lowest tier. AIR-Bench 2024 contains 5,694 diverse prompts spanning these categories, with manual curation and human auditing to ensure quality. We evaluate leading language models on AIR-Bench 2024, uncovering insights into their alignment with specified safety concerns. By bridging the gap between public benchmarks and practical AI risks, AIR-Bench 2024 provides a foundation for assessing model safety across jurisdictions, fostering the development of safer and more responsible AI systems.
ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and promotion of the Rights of Migran Workers: Penjaminan Keamanan Manusia dan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Perempuan
Authors: Ikawati Erina
Published: November 2024

Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah berbagai permasalahan pelanggaran hak yang dialami oleh pekerja migran di Asia Tenggara khususnya perempuan yang mayoritas menempati sektor pekerjaan berketerampilan rendah. Identifikasi akar ketidakamanan melalui konsep keamanan manusia (human security) menjadi penting untuk membantu memahami permasalahan yang terjadi dengan menekankan aspek people-centered dan mempertimbangkan berbagai macam kondisi yang dapat menjadi sumber ancaman yang bersifat multi-sektoral. Untuk memutus siklus permasalahan tersebut perlu dipastikan adanya kebijakan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Dalam tulisan ini akan dilihat efektivitas perlindungan migran di tingkat regional melalui ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers (Konsensus ASEAN) pada 2017 berdasarkan indikator terpenuhinya integrasi kerangka keamanan manusia pada tahap perencanaan dan implementasinya.
Faktor Pemilihan Korea Selatan sebagai Mitra Strategis Indonesia dalam Pengembangan Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zein Fatimah Yasmin , Susanto Siti R.
Published: November 2024

Indonesia termasuk negara yang mulai berfokus pada pengembangan transportasi rendah karbon. Namun, Indonesia masih belum memiliki kapasitas yang memadai untuk melakukan produksi Electric vehicle (EV) – baik dalam konteks pendanaan maupun akselerasi teknologi. Indonesia kemudian menjalin kemitraan strategis dan menarik investasi asing dalam rangka pengembangan EV. Terkait hal ini, Korea Selatan (Korsel) kemudian dipilih menjadi mitra strategis Indonesia. Kerja sama EV kedua negara didukung dengan adanya kerangka kerja sama sebelumnya, yaitu Special Partnership (SP) pada tahun 2006 yang kemudian ditingkatkan menjadi Special Strategic Partnership (SSP) pada tahun 2017. Artikel ini berusaha menjelaskan mengapa Indonesia memilih Korea Selatan sebagai mitra strategis dalam pengembangan EV. Dalam penelitian yang bersifat uraian ini, penulis menggunakan teori pemimpin pasar (market leader), aliansi strategis dan karakteristik mitra strategis dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan.
Indholdsfortegnelse og forord
Authors: Lauridsen P.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Résumé af de meteorologiske Observationer.
Authors: Willaume-Jantzen V.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Ferskvandsalger fra Østgrønland.
Authors: Børgesen F.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Østgrønlands Vegetations-forhold.
Authors: Hartz N. , Bay E.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
The Plutonic History of the Tassiussa Area, South Greenland with Special Reference to a High-Grade Gneiss Complex.
Authors: Dawes Peter R.
Published: November 2024

Two Precambrian rock complexes, a high-grade gneiss complex and a younger granitic complex, can be recognised in the Tasiussaq area of South Greenland. Both complexes are cut by late basic dykes and faults. The high-grade gneiss complex is composed of a variety of gneisses and granites, together with small areas of metasediments and metavolcanic rocks displaying well-preserved primary structures. Basic and ultramafic rocks also occur. Basic granulite layers in the gneisses represent early basic intrusions while pyroxene-metadolerite dykes represent later post-gneissic intrusions. The complex is charnockitic in nature, the high-grade mineralogy being the result of granulite facies regional metamorphism. Hypersthene and garnet are common minerals but amphibole, mainly a brown hornblende, has a sparse distribution occurring in rocks containing no free quartz. Biotite is common and it occurs in equilibrium with the anhydrous pyroxene in the presence of H2o. Three phases of migmatisation post-dating an early granulite facies metamorphism can be recognised in the complex. This migmatisation was not connected to a regional downgrading of the complex and retrogressive mineral changes are local. Two structural units can be recognised, a lower unit composed of folded and migmatised gneisses and an upper unit composed of relatively undeformed and unmigmatised meta-arkoses and metaconglomerates. Evidence for four phases of deformation exists in the rocks of the lower unit, the most important structures being large-scale recumbent isoclines and nappe-like folds. Discussion on the age of the Tasiussaq complex is given in the light of the geology of the whole of the Tasermiut fjord region. The idea is favoured that the granitic gneisses, gneisses, schists, metasediments and metavolcanics of the region have not all been derived from a single supracrustal pile. The possibilities that the metaarkoses and metaconglomerates might represent cover rocks to older basement gneisses, or that such metasediments may represent syn-orogenic flysch-type deposits laid down on rocks of the same geological cycle, are considered. The granitic complex is composed of granites of four ages. Hornblende- and biotite-bearing rapakivi granites, which are associated with the intrusion of a suite of dolerite-norite rocks, post-date an autochthonous microcline granite. A late microgranite was emplaced following the potash metasomatism of the rapakivi granites. Diorite, dolerite and ultramafic rocks were intruded during the late stages of thegranitic complex. Comments on the nature of the Precambrian evolution conclude the paper. It is suggested that the plutonism which resulted in the formation of the granitic complex is complementary to that forming the high-grade gneiss complex, indicating a tendency for acidic magma generated at depth during the early stages of a developing orogen to rise to higher levels. The late dolerite dykes and faults which cut both complexes are considered as post-plutonic or epeirogenic events.
The Chemistry and Origin of some basement amphibolites between Ivigtut and Frederikshåb, South-West Greenland.
Authors: Kalsbeek F. , Leake B.
Published: November 2024

Chemical and modal analyses of 54 amphibolites, 5 biotite gneisses and 5 hornblende-biotite gneisses, into which the amphibolites grade, confirm the field and petrographic evidence that the amphibolites were probably basic tuffs and lavas which, when mixed with varying amounts of quartzo-feldspathic sediment, gave rise to the hornblende-biotite gneisses on metamorphism. Plotted in an alkali-silica diagram 34 samples fall in the field of tholeiite basalt and 20 in the field of alkali basalt while traces of normative nepheline, never exceeding 4%, occur in only 10 samples. It is shown that the sporadic occurrence of garnet and diopside and the occurrence of up to 15% quartz are primarily controlled by the original composition of the samples. Garnet is entirely found in amphibolites with low Niggli mg values (0.36-0.45), diopside in samples with relatively high CaO, while modal quartz increases as mg falls. It is therefore possible that the more quartzose and garnetiferous amphibolites formed from late differentiates of the original basaltic magma, but the possibility cannot be excluded that contamination with sedimentary material has played a role, especially in increasing the modal quartz.
Preliminary Studies on the Biology and Ecology of Chlamydarus pullus (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Greenland.
Authors: Böcher Jens
Published: November 2024

Only one species of Chlamydatus CURT., C. pullus (REUT.), is found in Greenland, where it occurs in a parthenogenetic form. The known distribution in Greenland indicates that the species is absent only in the northernmost parts. The habitat of C. pullus is described in detail here, and microclimatic measurements from the habitat are presented. The results of preliminary experiments on the species' relationship to humidity and temperature indicate a preference for the dry and hot conditions found in the habitat.In Greenland C. pullus has only one annual generation and overwinters in the egg-stage. The species is phytophagous and polyphagous, occasionally being a predator on small insects. Important food-plants appear to be Polygonum viviparumand Potentilla spp.
Report on the Ornithological Expedition in Northwest Greenland 1965.
Authors: Joensen Anders Holm , Preuss Niels Otto
Published: November 2024

The Ornithological Expedition to Northwest Greenland 1965 visited Sarqaqdalen in the northern part of Disko Bugt in early July and carried out a general faunistic survey of the bird life and an intensive census of the breeding passerine population in a 152 hectare plot. From medio July to the end of August the expedition surveyed Upernavik District with special emphasis on the distribution and size of seabird colonies. Most of these were visited, including the huge Uria lomvia colony at Kap Shackleton (Agparssuit) with abt. one million birds. The observations in 1965 are compared with the observations by SALOMONSEN in 1936.
Ornithological Observations in Northeast Greenland between 76°00´ and 78°00´ N.Lat. 1969-71.
Authors: Meltofte Hans
Published: November 2024

The present paper is a report of observations made during a two-year stay at the weather station at Danmarks Havn 1969-71. An avifaunistic status of the area is given, and the results are compared with the few earlier reports. Several changes are demonstrated, and relations to climatic conditions are discussed. Special information is given on the colonies of Branta leucopsis and on two moulting areas of Anser fabalis brachyrhynchus, two species in which significant changes can be traced. 1970 was an especially unfavourable 'late' year, and the breeding cycle of some species was considerably delayed. Further, the results of a simple population-census, especially of breeding waders are given.
Kaledonische Metamorphose der Prækambrischen Charcot Land Serie, Scoresby Sund, Ost-Grönland.
Authors: Steck Albrecht
Published: November 2024

The metamorphism of the Charcot Land sequence, a succession of sediments, extrusives, tuffs and gabbro and granite intrusions, is described. These rocks, of Precambrian age, rest on a gneissic basement, and are exposed in a tectonic window beneath a Caledonian thrust sheet. One principal metamorphic phase is distinguished, succeeded by a very weak retrograde phase. Locally around the gabbro intrusions traces of contact metamorphism are recorded. The metamorphic assemblages in the tuffs and gabbros, the siliceous dolomites, and the quartzites and mica schists are described and illustrated separately. A progressive northerly increase in metamorphic grade is revealed, the isograds occurring in roughly concentric arcs around a centre in the northern part of the area. Recrystallisation took place under temperature and pressure conditions of Barrovian type, and is probably Caledonian in age.
Stratigraphy of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Sediments of Jameson Land and Scoresby Land, East Greenland.
Authors: Surlyk F. , Callomon J. H. , Bromley R. G. , Birkelund T.
Published: November 2024

The Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sediments of Jameson Land and Scoresby Land are divided into seven formations. They comprise from bottom to top: Kap Stewart Formation of Rhaetian-Liassic age; Neill Klinter Formation of Pliensbachian-Toarcian age divided into three members; Vardekløft Formation of ?Bajocian-Middle Callovian age redefined and divided into three members; Olympen Formation of Upper Callovian-Middle Oxfordian age designated as a new formation; Hareelv Formation of Upper Oxfordian-Middle Kimmeridgian age designated as a new formation; Raukelv Formation of Upper Kimmeridgian-Upper Volgian (Lower Ryazanian ?) age designated as a new formation and divided into three members; Hesteelv Formation of Ryazanian age designated as a new formation and divided into two members. The six lower formations together comprise the Jameson Land Group. The main facies types are described. They comprise black shales, shaly siltstones, horizontally bedded sandstones, ripple-laminated sandstones, massive-bedded sandstones, medium- and large-scale cross-bedded sandstones, black shales with lenticular sand-bodies and coals. A general interpretation of the changing depositional regimes throughout the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Jameson Land and Scoresby Land is given. The interpretation is based on the spatial distribution of the different facies types, on longitudinal profiles, and on investigations and measurements of cross-bedding, parting-lineation, grain sizes and sand-shale ratios. The exact geographical position or the borderlands and thus or the source areas of the sediments are rarely known but the predominance or very coarse sediments and the large-scale sedimentary structures indicate a position very near the coast.
Revision of Triassic Stratigraphy of the Scoresby Land and Jameson Land Region, East Greenland.
Authors: Perch-Nielsen K. , Birkenmajer K. , Birkelund T. , Aellen M.
Published: November 2024

A revised stratigraphic scheme is presented for the Triassic rocks between Kong Oscars Fjord and Scoresby Sund, East Greenland. The Triassic succession is described as the Scoresby Land Group comprising four formations. The lower two formations (Wordie Creek Formation and Pingo Dai Formation) belong to the Nordenskiold Bjerg Subgroup, while the upper two formations (Gipsdalen Formation and Fleming Fjord Formation) belong to the Kap Biot Subgroup. The total thickness of the Triassic sequence attains 1000 to 1500 m of which less than half is composed of marine sediments. The remainder consists of continental deposits and includes red-beds with an important evaporite complex in the middle of the succession.
Scleractinian Corals from the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary of Nûgssuaq, West Greenland.
Authors: Floris Søren
Published: November 2024

Localities and deposits in north-west Nûgssuaq yielding fossil corals of the order Scleractinia are described. The age of the corals is Campanian ?, Maastrichtian and Lower Paleocene (Danian), on the basis of other marine fossils. 22 species are considered; 7 are described as new and are indigenous, 2 are possibly North American forms, 3 are known from Europe, and 10 are identifiable only to generic level. The following genera and subgenera are represented: Haimesiastraea (Haimesiastraea), H. (Peruviastrea) ? , Discotrochus ? , Astrangia ( Coenangia) ?, Oculina, Caryophyllia, Trochocyathus, Paracyathus, Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus), Desmophyllum ?, Lophelia ?, Parasmilia, Flabellum, Balanophyllia, and Dendrophyllia. In addition, two new genera are described: Kangiliacyathus and Faksephyllia. Certain Danian corals from Scandinavia are also revised. In a survey of habitats, the lithology of the coral localities is considered together with bathymetric and thermal ranges known for scleractinian genera and species from other parts of the world. Depth and temperature of the Campanian and Maastrichtian seas in Greenland cannot be estimated with any accuracy. The Lower and Upper Danian seas were generally rather shallow. There is little evidence on which to judge the Danian climate. Two species were perhaps hermatypic (no reef structures have been found). The remaining scleractinians are presumed to have been ahermatypic. A non-reef coral association has been found. Lower Danian rather sparsely populated polytypic coral thickets show signs of continual disturbance from water turbulence. The approximate depth of formation of these thickets appears to have been 80 m or shallower, which appears to be less than is usual for coral structures of this type. Some Lower Paleocene species provide conclusive evidence of a direct connection between the Danian seas of West Greenland and of Scandinavia.
Studies on the flora of the North Blosseville Kyst and on the hot springs of Greenland.
Authors: Halliday G. , Kliim-Nielsen L. , Smart I. H.
Published: November 2024

The vascular plants and bryophytes found by recent expeditions to the north Blosseville Kyst, East Greenland, are recorded. Four species, all occurring by the hot springs in Knighton Fjord (69°22' N. !at., 24°43' W. long.), are new to the flora of Greenland: Archidium alternifolium (HEDW.} MITT., Fossombronia wondraczekii (CORDA) DUM., Ophioglossum azoricum C. PRESL and Geum rivale L. Several species found at these springs and also at those in R0mer Fjord here reach their northern limits in East Greenland.The vegetation around these hot springs and at -Onartoq, in South Greenland, is described. All the known hot springs in Greenland are mapped and data, where available, are given on their temperatures and physical and chemical characteristics. The four species new to Greenland all occur in Iceland and the hypothesis of dispersal by migrating wildfowl is regarded as very plausible.
Ecogeographical classification of Arctic vegetation based on shoots density determinations.
Authors: Böcher Tyge W.
Published: November 2024

A number of Greenland vegetation stands occurring on dry or mesic soils have been investigated according to shoots density. The objective density determination method is shortly described. The stands are arranged in a number of plant communities and each stand as well as the communities are characterized ecologically and by the percentage occurrence of ten ecogeographical distributional types. These "types" are treated like lifeforms, and their occurrences are based on density values (frequency sums). The main object of the paper, however, is not description of vegetation so much as by detailed analyses of selected habitats to contribute to an elucidation of the autecology of a number of species occurring in Greenland and arctic regions.