bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Within Breed Resistance to Naturally Occurring Gastrointestinal Nematodoses in Garole Sheep of West Bengal, India
Authors: Brahma Anupam , De Trina , Jas Ruma , Baidya Surajit , Pandit Soumitra , Mandal Subhas Chandra , Kumar Dhananjay , Rai Saroj
Published: September 2022

Background: Gastrointestinal (g.i.) nematodoses is the main constrain in sheep husbandry and control of g.i. nematodes is challenging due to anthelmintic resistance. Exploitation of host resistance could be an alternative approach to nematodes. Methods: Within breed resistance of Garole sheep to g.i. nematodoses was determined in terms of monthly faecal egg count (FEC), Hb concentration and PCV% in 4- 6-months-old Garole sheep (n=80) in South 24 Parganas district from April, 2018 to March, 2019. On the basis of 6 months’ FEC data sheep were divided into resistant and susceptible group and Hb and PCV were measured in 15 animals from each group at monthly interval. Result: The prevalence of g.i. nematodes was 70 per cent and Haemonchus contortus was the predominant species. The overall FEC in Garole sheep was 360.67 in terms of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. Among the 80 Garole sheep 28 sheep showed persistent low FEC. The mean EPG of resistant group were 97.62 whereas, mean EPG of susceptible group were 502.31. In resistant sheep Hb and PCV did not vary whereas, in susceptible Hb and PCV reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) than the resistant sheep. Within breed resistance was present in Garole sheep and that could be utilized in selection of resistant breed.
Repetição e espontaneidade
Authors: Barroso Tomaz
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo possui como tema o diálogo entre as pedagogias dos professores Sanford Meisner e Keith Johnstone. Pretende-se demonstrar como o conceito e a aplicação prática da repetição, tal como trabalhada pelo primeiro, pode ser um meio de promover a espontaneidade, na acepção do segundo. Essa proposta é baseada nas obras On Acting, de Meisner, e Impro - Improvisation and the Theatre, de Johnstone, bem como em outras fontes bibliográficas que servirão como suporte.
Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Mental Health among Chinese College Football Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zhao Xiuhan , Liu Zongyu , Zhao Liangyu , Zhang Liguo
Published: September 2022

Previous researches have confirmed that perceived social support has a profound effect on individuals' mental health. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of perceived social support on mental health of college athletes are still largely unknown, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate and understand the relationship between perceived social support and mental health of college football athletes, and tested whether hopelessness mediated, and psychological pressure moderated the link between them. A sample of 672 Chinese college football athletes (37.9% girls; Mage = 20.43 years; SDage = 1.68) were investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Surveys were voluntary and anonymous. The results showed that after controlling for demographic variables, hopelessness mediated the association between perceived social support and mental health among Chinese college football athletes. Further, psychological pressure moderated the association between perceived social support and mental health, and the negative association was stronger for athletes with high-level mental pressure. These findings highlight those targeted approaches are necessary for the prevention and intervention of mental health among Chinese college football athletes.
Changes in the mutational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 main-protease substantiate the danger of emerging resistance to antiviral drugs.
Authors: Parigger Lena , Krassnigg Andreas , Schopper Tobias , Singh Amit , Tappler Katharina , Köchl Katharina , Hetmann Michael , Gruber Karl , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Christian C.
Published: September 2022

The current coronavirus pandemic is being combated worldwide by nontherapeutic measures and massive vaccination programs. Nevertheless, therapeutic options such as SARS-CoV-2 main-protease (Mpro) inhibitors are essential due to the ongoing evolution toward escape from natural or induced immunity. While antiviral strategies are vulnerable to the effects of viral mutation, the relatively conserved Mpromakes an attractive drug target: Nirmatrelvir, an antiviral targeting its active site, has been authorized for conditional or emergency use in several countries since December 2021, and a number of other inhibitors are under clinical evaluation. We analyzed recent SARS-CoV-2 genomic data and discovered accelerated mutational dynamics in an eight-residue long consecutive region (R188-G195) near the active site of Mprosince early December 2021. The herein described increased mutational variability in close proximity to an antiviral-drug binding site may suggest the onset of the development of antiviral resistance. This emerging diversity urgently needs to be further monitored and considered in ongoing drug development and lead optimization.
The Construction of a Genomic Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Library for Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Enables Reference Genome Improvement
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Juan , Liu Jiawen , Xu Wei , Wang Shenfei , Kou Jie , Li Yan , Liu Hong , Zhang Liang , Shen Fujun
Published: September 2022

Background: De novo assembly of reference genome is becoming a foundation work and playing a crucial role in extinction species conservation. But, whether to use BAC library for de novo sequencing remain disputed because of its laborious and expensive features.
Results: Here, we constructed a BAC library for giant panda with 9.1 genomic coverage and performed long-read sequencing on randomly chose 20 BAC clones. We found the combination of BAC library and long-read sequencing can further improve the reference genome of giant panda.
Conclusions: Our work provides the first BAC library of giant panda with full genomic coverage and demonstrate that BAC library is helpful in reference genome improvement.
Functionality Optimizing Study On Coal-bearing Soil Ecological Substrates
Authors: Huang Gang , Lu Xuesong , Zheng Mingxin
Published: September 2022

Ecological restoration is of profound significance for protecting the ecology and engineering safety of coal-bearing soil (CBS) areas. However, the formulations of CBS ecological substrates have rarely been explored. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of the CBS:soil ratio (1000:0 g, 750:250 g, 500:500 g, 250:750 g), fly ash content (0, 50 g·kg− 1, 100 g·kg− 1, 150 g·kg− 1), maize straw content (0, 20 g·kg− 1, 40 g·kg− 1, 60 g·kg− 1), and expanded polystyrene (EPS) content (0, 3 g·kg− 1,6 g·kg− 1, 9 g·kg− 1) in an orthogonal design to optimize an ecological substrate according to various physicochemical, nutrient content, mechanical, and vegetation parameters. The results indicated that the CBS:soil ratio had significant effects on the nutrient content and vegetation growth parameters; fly ash dramatically improved the mechanical parameters (shear strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle); maize straw significantly affected the physical parameters and improved the substrate nutrient content; and EPS was the most beneficial to the vegetation germination ratio. A CBS:soil ratio of 1:1 (500:500 g), fly ash content of 100 g·kg− 1, maize straw content of 50 g·kg− 1, and EPS content of 6 g·kg− 1 were determined to produce the optimal mix for the ecological restoration of CBS. The conclusions of this research provide theoretical and practical guidance for the ecological restoration and stabilization protection of CBS slopes.
Sustained improvement of appropriateness in surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis with the application of quality control circle
Authors: Zou Jian , Zhong Jia-yun , Liu Yan-xin , Liu Yu , Huang Dan , Xu Bian-tiao , Li Xi-wen , Gong Wen-jun , Tao Jia
Published: September 2022

Administration of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is considered one of the most effective measures to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after various surgical procedures. Quality control circle (QCC) has acquired success in many fields in healthcare industry as a process management tool, whereas its efficacy in SAP remains unknown. Our present study utilized the QCC activity to improve the appropriate administration of SAP. A QCC activity team was established to grasp the current situation of SAP in clean surgery procedure, set target, formulated corresponding countermeasures and implement and review them in stages. The plan-do-check-act (PDCA) method was cyclically applied. The appropriateness of SAP before (July to December 2018) and after (January to June 2019) the implementation of QCC activities were evaluated based on relevant international and Chinese SAP guidelines. The appropriate rate of SAP was significantly improved from 68.72% before QCC to 93.7% post QCC implementation (P༜0.01). A significant improvement (P༜0.05) was also determined for each category: selection (from 78.82 to 96.06%), duration (from 90.15 to 96.46%), indication (from 94.09 to 97.64%), timing of first dose (from 96.55 to 99.21%), antimicrobial usage (from 96.8 to 99.41%), re-dosing of antimicrobial (from 96.55 to 99.21%). The appropriate application of SAP is improved through QCC activities, providing a useful reference for the prevention of antimicrobial misuse and overuse.
Which Is More Effective in Hypertension?: Salt-Free Diet vs. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet
Authors: çapar aslı , Yılmaz Müge
Published: September 2022

Background: Although there is strong evidence that the DASH diet lowers blood pressure in national guideline recommendations, the studyresults are still uncertain.
Aims: In this randomized controlled intervention study, it was aimed to compare the effects of the DASH diet and salt-free diet on blood pressure.
Methods: This study was conducted on 60 volunteers with primary hypertension aged 51.8±9.2 years. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=30) was given an individualized DASH diet, the other was given a salt-free diet (n=30). Three-day food consumption and physical activity levels and anthropometric measurements of individuals were collected. The participant’s blood pressure, biochemical parameters were monitored at the beginning of the study, in the first and second months.
Results: At the beginning of the study, the DASH diet group had higher intakes of energy, fiber, insoluble fiber, omega 3 fatty acids, PUFA, EPA, K, and Mg compared to the salt-free diet group (p<0.05) at the beginning of the study. While the group effect did not create a significant difference in systolic blood pressure values in all hypertensive patients, it was determined that systolic blood pressure values decreased statistically over time. At the end of the second month; the systolic blood pressure of the salt-free diet group (121.03±9.73 mmHg) was statistically significantly lower than the DASH diet group (126.81±8.91 mmHg) (p<0.05). (p<0.05).
Conclusions: In this study, the effect of a salt-free diet on lowering systolic blood pressure was found to be more positive than the individualized DASH diet.
A newly isolated lignin degradation bacterium Acinetobacter sp. B213 pretreatment effectively improved hydrolysis of corn straw by enhance cellulose retention and reduce lignin degradation inhibitor
Authors: Li Huanan , Zhang Xinyuan , Liu Jiashu , Chen Bixin , Ran Qiuping , Wang Rui , Yu Cairong , Ma Xiangdong , Song Huiting , Jiang Zhengbing
Published: September 2022

An improvement of lignin depolymerization while reducing cellulose losses during the pretreatment by microorganisms gains an interest in the highly efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, a strain isolated from activated sludge could utilize lignin as the sole carbon source and identify as Acinetobacter sp. B213. By measuring the growth curve, degradation characteristic and lignolytic enzymes activity of Acinetobacter sp. B213, the culture medium and inoculum size were optimized. The optimal medium was sodium lignosulfonate LB medium and the optimal inoculum size was 8%. After the biological pretreatment of corn straw under the optimized conditions, the cellulose retention rate and lignin degradation rate were 98.51% and 12.02%, respectively. Approximately 10.53% increase in cellulose retention rate and 20.36% decrease in lignin degradation rate was observed compared with the chemical pretreatment (87.98% and 32.38%), respectively. After 24 h hydrolysis, the glucose yield of biological pretreatment corn straw was 100%, which was 14.25% higher than that of the chemical pretreatment. These results indicated that the biological pretreatment with selective lignin degradation has an advantage in the hydrolysis of cellulose and produces glucose, although the lignin degradation efficiency was lower than chemical pretreatment.
Carbon quantum dots from biomass cicada sloughs as fluorescent probes for detection of enrofloxacin in aquatic products
Authors: Su Jiaxue , Zhou Chunyu , Du Jialing , Xiong Zhili , Zhao Longshan
Published: September 2022

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used antibiotic because of its strong bactericidal effect. However, excessive use of ENR can harm the human body and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a detection method. Here, we prepared novel carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by the one-step hydrothermal method which showed high sensitivity and selectivity. The precursor material is cicada sloughs, which is one of the traditional crude drugs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the formation of CQDs. The average particle size of the prepared CQDs is 19.6 ± 0.2 nm, and the maximum excitation/ emission wavelength is 355/436 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the detection linear of ENR ranged from 0.13 to 16.67 µM, and the detection limit was 0.069 µM. The recovery rate was between 88.6% and 104.7% in aquatic products. Therefore, a simple and selective fluorescence analysis method was established and successfully applied to the determination of ENR residues in aquatic products.
The efficacy and safety of bedaquiline in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tong Enyu , Wu Qian , Chen Yiming , Liu Zhengwei , Zhang Mingwu , Zhu Yelei , Wu Kunyang , Tan Xiaohua , Pan Junhang , Jiang Jianmin
Published: September 2022

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bedaquiline (BDQ) as a Group A drug for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BDQ-containing regimens for the treatment of pulmonary TB patients.
Methods
MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to identify eligible trials until September 8, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) where BDQ was administered to patients with TB. Outcomes of interest were: (1) efficacy, including the rate of sputum culture conversion at 8 weeks, 24 weeks, and follow-up, and the rate of complete, cure, death, failure, and lost to follow-up at end of the treatment. (2) safety, which includes the incidence of cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and grade 3–5 adverse events during the treatment.
Results
A total of 29 articles (N = 23,358) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the BDQ-unexposed patients, The BDQ-containing regimen improved the rate of sputum conversion in RCTs (24 weeks: RR = 1.27, 95%Cl:1.10 to 1.46, follow-up: RR = 1.33, 95%Cl:1.06 to 1.66) and increased cure rate (RR = 1.60, 95%Cl: 1.13 to 2.26), and it also decreased the failure rate by 0.56 (95%Cl: 0.56 to 0.88). In NRSs, BDQ-containing regimen improved the sputum culture conversion rate (follow-up: RR = 1.53, 95%Cl: 1.07 to 2.20) and the rate of cure (RR = 1.86,95%Cl:1.23 to 2.83), reduced the rate of all-cause death (RR = 0.68, M-H random-effects 95%Cl: 0.48 to 0.97) and failure (RR = 0.57, 95%Cl:0.46 to 0.71). In terms of safety, BDQ-containing regimen administration increased the incidence of cardiotoxicity (RR = 4.54, M-H random-effects 95%Cl: 1.74–11.87) and grade 3–5 adverse events (RR = 1.42, M-H random-effects 95%Cl: 1.17–1.73) in RCTs; NRSs showed cardiotoxicity was associated with BDQ-containing regimen (RR = 6.00, M-H random-effects 95%Cl: 1.32–27.19). In the other outcomes, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups.
Conclusions
RCTs and NRSs data support the efficacy of BDQ for pulmonary TB, but cardiotoxicity and serious adverse events of BDQ were frequent. Overall, there is a lack of comparative data on efficacy and safety. Due to the serious risk of bias and discrepancy, further confirmation is needed.
The infiltration of monocytes aggravates liver fibrosis in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Yan Yi , Tian Fengming , Qi Xinwei , Liu Yumei , Ma Xiumin , Li Bin , Lv Jie , Zhou Xuan , Zhang Xue , Ma Yuyu
Published: September 2022

Background
Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection involves multicellular inflammatory responses and fibrous repair. The study aimed to observe the effect of monocytes’ infiltration on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with E. granulosus.
Methods
The pathological changes and fibrosis changes in the liver of mice infected with E. granulosus were observed at different time points (DAY2, 8, 30, 90, 180, 300). Chemokines, fibrosis related cytokines were detected. LAMP-1 as a marker of phagosome maturation and PKC-α regulating diverse cellular responses including immune responses.
Results
Change of chemokines indicated monocytes infiltrated into the liver of E. granulosus-infected mice. The increased α-SMA and Desmin indicated the continuous aggravation of fibrosis. The expression of LAMP-1 increased in the early stage, then decreased gradually in the middle and late stages; PKC-α was significantly higher than before after 300 days infection.
Conclusions
Our study facilitated clarification of molecular mechanisms of E. granulosus infection and contributed to the development of novel therapies.
Dorsal hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptors mediate the interactive effects of quetiapine and lithium on memory retention in male rats
Authors: Jafari-Sabet Majid , Amiri Shiva , Emami Sahar , Aghamiri Helia , Fatahi Navid , Keyhanfar Fariborz
Published: September 2022

Treatment of bipolar disorder with simultaneous lithium and quetiapine administrations is a prime medical topic due to the ambiguities surrounding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying learning and memory. To clarify the precise mechanisms involved, we evaluated the possible role of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptors in the interactive effects of lithium and quetiapine in memory consolidation. For this purpose, the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions of adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally cannulated, and a single-trial step-through inhibitory avoidance apparatus was used to assess memory consolidation.
Post-training administration of certain doses of lithium (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) diminished memory consolidation. Post-training administration of higher doses of quetiapine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) augmented memory consolidation.
Post-training administration of certain doses of quetiapine (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) dose-dependently improved lithium-induced memory impairment. Post-training microinjection of ineffective doses of the NMDA (10-5 and 10-4 µg/rat, intra-CA1) plus an ineffective dose of quetiapine (2.5 mg/kg) improved the lithium-induced memory impairment.
Post-training microinjection of ineffective doses of the noncompetitive the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.0625 and 0.0125 μg/rat, intra-CA1), diminished the quetiapine-induced (10 mg/kg) memory improvement in lithium-induced memory impairment.
These findings suggest a functional interaction between lithium and quetiapine through hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor mechanisms in memory consolidation.
A new ZVT high step-down WCCI converter with low output current ripple
Authors: memarian Abdolghafar , Delshad Majid , Sajadieh Mahdi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an interleaved step-down converter with zero voltage switching for the switches and low output current ripple is presented. Two ferrite cores with three windings are used in the proposed converter to reduce the voltage gain and the output current ripple. Therefore, the volume of the circuit does not change significantly. According to the structure of the proposed converter and the use of the ripple cancellation technique, the ripple of the output current is not high despite the use of coupled inductors. The auxiliary switch is also turned on under ZC condition and turned off under ZVZC condition. Therefore, the auxiliary circuit does not impose significant losses on the converter. To prove the correctness of the theoretical analyzes of the proposed converter, a 160W prototype has been implemented. The practical results show 95% efficiency at full load and 0.2A ripple in the output current.
Optimizing culture conditions and extraction methods to improve the yield and quality of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Yuan Yue , Yang Liu , Tong Xuedong , Li Yan , Deng Kun
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) of nanoscale carry the biological information of parent cells, however, there is no consensus on the culture, collection, and purification of cell-derived EVs. We optimized the concentration of extracelluar vesicle (EV)-depleted serum (EDS), time of collection, and the extraction method for small EVs (sEVs) derived from A549 cells to improve the yield and quality of sEVs. Firstly, A549 cells were cultured in media containing a concentration gradient of EDS (10%, 5%, 3%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0%) for a prolonged time to increase sEV yield. The effects of ultracentrifugation and total exosome isolation kit(EI-kit) on EV-specific proteins were compared, and the biological activity of sEVs was evaluated. There were no significant differences in cell morphology and viability over the range of 1%-10% of the EDS concentration (p > 0.05). The sEVs collected continuously for five days from the cells cultured with 3% EDS were 40-200nm in diameter and of double-membrane, spherical structure with expression of the specific proteins TSG101 and CD9. The sEVs on fifth day could be endocytosed by A549cell which suggested that the sEVs were biologically active.The results of LC-MS/MS demonstrated 3%-sEVs (i.e., sEVs from cells cultured with 3% EDS) have a comprehensive profiling of sEV proteome. In conclusion, 3% EDS is suitable for cell culture, and the cell culture supernatants can be collected continuously for 5 days while maintaining the biological activity of sEVs, and ultracentrifugation is superior to EI in extracting sEVs derived from A549 cells.
Analysis value of gallbladder length-to-width ratio for diagnosis of biliary atresia at different ages
Authors: Zhang Kaizhi , Tang Yan , Zheng Zebing , Tang Chengyan , Zhu Daiwei , Du Qing , Liu Yuanmei , Jin Zhu
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the value of gallbladder length-to-width ratio(LTWR) by ultrasound for differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from other causes of hepatic cholestasis at different ages.

Methods

From January 2016 to June 2022, the data of 114 patients with BA and 69 patients with non-BA who underwent abdominal ultrasound and surgical exploration in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.The demographic data, liver function, histopathology results, maximum length and maximum width of gallbladder and gallbladder LTWR measured by ultrasound were recorded.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between BA group and non-BA group in maximum length and width of gallbladder and gallbladder LTWR (P < 0.001). In all age groups (I: ≤30 days; II: 31–60 days; III: 61–90 days; IV: 91–120 days; V: ≥121 days), in which group III (61–90 days) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.831, and group V (≥ 121 days) had the lowest AUC of 0.548. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of gallbladder LTWR with a cut-off at 3.60 for BA in group III (61–90 days) were 84.4%, 69.2%, 87.1% ,64.3% and 80.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography LTWR of gallbladder has certain value in the diagnosis of BA patients of all ages. The possibility of BA should be considered if the gallbladder LTWR > 3.16 as measured by ultrasound in infants with direct bilirubin increase.If the gallbladder LTWR > 3.60 at 61–90 days infants, early surgical exploration should be recommended.
Level of evidence:Level IV
Seismic Vulnerability of lifelines
Authors: Belkacem Mounir Ait , Yousfi Nacim , Boukri Mehdi
Published: September 2022

The North of Algeria is located in a seismic zone, then earthquakes are probably the most likely natural disaster that would lead to major lifeline disruption. The adequate operation of lifelines is vital for the economic development of regions under moderate to high seismic activity. After an earthquake, the proper operation of all vital systems is necessary, for instance hospitals for medical attention of the wounded and highways for communication and assistance for victims. In this work we apply the knowledge of pipeline vulnerability to the water supply system, and sanitary sewer pipelines (waste water), in Constantine city (Algeria).
Infância e práticas de cuidado nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial à Infância e Adolescência (Capsi)
Authors: Nascimento Guazina Félix Miguel , Pizzinato Adolfo , Bones Rocha Kátia
Published: September 2022

Neste trabalho, discute-se como a noção de infância vai se constituindo nas narrativas de profissionais de saúde que atuam em Centros de Atenção Psicossociais Infantojuvenis (Capsi) e que discursos sobre as infâncias se organizam, desdobrando-se nas ações de cuidado às crianças nos serviços de saúde mental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativo-exploratória, baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações participantes e diários de campo, discutidas através da análise temática. Como resultados desse processo, observa-se uma romantização da infância que perpassa a construção do cuidado nos serviços de saúde; a dificuldade da equipe quanto à decisão sobre o que é demanda de Capsi e o que não se enquadra na população adscrita frente à complexidade dos impactos sociais que implicam o diagnóstico; e a ênfase na medicalização em detrimento da construção de ações de caráter psicossocial.
Adsorption removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions and groundwater by isomeric FeOOH
Authors: Xiong Huixin , Xu Shimeng , Zhu Shibei
Published: September 2022

FeOOH as a naturally abundant, relatively low-cost and effective adsorbent have been gradually valued in wastewater field rich in arsenic pollution, which can make for environmental remediation. In this study, FeOOH samples included Gth1/Gth2 as goethite, Aka1/Aka2 as akaganéite, and Lep as lepidocrocite, were prepared and used as adsorbents, and adsorption kinetic and isotherm experiments of As(III) were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of pH, adsorbent content, arsenic initial concentration and electrolyte solutions on adsorption processes were also discussed in detail to study adsorption behaviors and mechanism. The results showed that As(III) could be effectively adsorbed on goethite, akaganéite and lepidocrocite, the adsorption equilibrium achieved after 24 h. When As(III) concentration ranged in 40 mg/L, the saturated adsorption amounts (mg/g) calculated by the Langmuir equation were 12.3 (Gth1), 7.50 (Gth2), 6.29 (Aka1), 23.4 (Aka2), and 17.7 (Lep). The increase of adsorbent and adsorbate levels was favorable to improve the adsorption capacities of As(III) within a certain range. Removal efficiency of As(III) with Na2SO4 and NaH2PO4 as electrolyte reduced by about 10% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate parameters in the adsorption process for investigation were isomeric FeOOH of 1.0 g/L, pH 7.0 and NaNO3 as electrolyte. In simulated groundwater filter system initially with 200 μg/L of arsenic species at about pH 7.0, arsenic removal strength for five FeOOH adsorbents (0.8 g) was Aka2 > Aka1 and Gth1 > Lep and Gth2. Some differences were present in the infrared (IR) spectra of arsenic-loaded and original isomeric FeOOH. These outcomes could give the aim at seeking high efficient materials for the purification of arsenic contaminated groundwater and put out the suggestion.
The Glitazone Family of Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Hulin Bernard , McCarthy Peter A. , Gibbs E. Michael
Published: September 2022

In 1982, Takeda Inc. reported the discovery of ciglitazone (5-[4-(l­ methylcyclohexylmethoxy)-benzyl]thiazolidine-2,4-dione, ADD-3878), a compound which lowers blood glucose in animal models of Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes without an increase in insulin release, and which does not have an effect on the glycemia in normal animals. Since then many analogs have been produced, including troglitazone, pioglitazone, englitazone and darglitazone, and compounds where the thiazolidinedione ring has been replaced by other acidic moieties. Pharmacological studies have revealed effects on gluconeogenesis, glucose transport and glucose transporter expression, and a putative receptor in fat cells, PPARy, has been proposed. Clinical studies
on troglitazone and darglitazone have shown these compounds to have glucose lowering effects, as well as effects on insulin sensitivity, lipid levels and blood pressure.
Data Exploration and Classification of News Article Reliability: Deep Learning Study
Authors: Zhan Kevin , Li Yutong , Osmani Rafay , Wang Xiaoyu , Cao Bo
Published: September 2022

Background

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are being exposed to large amounts of information each day. This “infodemic” is defined by the World Health Organization as the mass spread of misleading or false information during a pandemic. This spread of misinformation during the infodemic ultimately leads to misunderstandings of public health orders or direct opposition against public policies. Although there have been efforts to combat misinformation spread, current manual fact-checking methods are insufficient to combat the infodemic.

Objective

We propose the use of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to build a model that can be used to identify unreliable news articles online.

Methods

First, we preprocessed the ReCOVery data set to obtain 2029 English news articles tagged with COVID-19 keywords from January to May 2020, which are labeled as reliable or unreliable. Data exploration was conducted to determine major differences between reliable and unreliable articles. We built an ensemble deep learning model using the body text, as well as features, such as sentiment, Empath-derived lexical categories, and readability, to classify the reliability.

Results

We found that reliable news articles have a higher proportion of neutral sentiment, while unreliable articles have a higher proportion of negative sentiment. Additionally, our analysis demonstrated that reliable articles are easier to read than unreliable articles, in addition to having different lexical categories and keywords. Our new model was evaluated to achieve the following performance metrics: 0.906 area under the curve (AUC), 0.835 specificity, and 0.945 sensitivity. These values are above the baseline performance of the original ReCOVery model.

Conclusions

This paper identified novel differences between reliable and unreliable news articles; moreover, the model was trained using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques. We aim to be able to use our findings to help researchers and the public audience more easily identify false information and unreliable media in their everyday lives.
The Achievement of USAIDS Tusome Pamoja in Improving Early Grade Reading Skills in Primary Schools in Morogoro Municipal
Authors: Juma Mwinyi , Osaki Kalafunja
Published: September 2022

Following establishment of the low reading and writing levels among primary school levels (UWEZO, 2013), three projects were designed to test possible programs to raise primary school reading levels. These included EQUIPT literacy program, LANES and Tusome Pamoja programs. They ran parallel in Tanzania, each operating in separate districts of focus. Tusome Pamoja operated in Mbeya, Zanzibar and Morogoro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement of Tusome Pamoja program in improving reading ability of standard two pupils in primary schools. Only 4 school were involved in the study. The sample of the study constituted 89 respondents including 4 teachers, 4 head of schools and 81standard two pupils. Data collected through in Morogoro municipality through testing, interviews, observation, questionnaire and documentary review. The help of Microsoft Excel Program, Microsoft Word, SPSS, and content analysis analyzed the data. Findings of the study revealed that, the teachers are not well prepared in teachers’ colleges. Most of primary teachers who teach reading are not interested with carrier development. There are some intervention programs, which help in improving teacher’s ability in teaching reading. These programs are especially important, as they are specific to early grade skills. It also revealed that, the teachers faced a number of problems in teaching reading including shortage of resources, poor cooperation from parents and lack of food program. The study recommended that the school owners should prepare in-service education program and seminars that enhanced teaching of reading skills in Tanzania.
Lagerlöfs läsare. Allmänhetens brev till Selma Lagerlöf
Authors: Bergenmar Jenny , Karlsson Maria
Published: September 2022

Den här boken undersöker den unika samling med bevarade brev från allmänheten till Selma Lagerlöf skrivna under perioden 1891–1940. Tusentals människor från olika samhällskikt skrev till henne för att berätta om sina liv och om sin läsning. Hur använde de litteraturen? Och hur uppfattades Selma Lagerlöf i en tid präglad av förändringar? *** This book investigates a unique collection of letters: the many thousands of letters to Selma Lagerlöf from the public. During 1891 to 1940 people from all layers of society wrote to the famous author about their lives, and about their reading of her narratives. How did these people use literature, and how did they view the author, Selma Lagerlöf, in a time of change?
Vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2: historia, mitos y realidades
Authors: Ordinola Navarro Alberto , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Valadez-Calderón José , Vera-Lastra Olga , López Luis Bruno Ali
Published: September 2022

Durante la pandemia de covid-19, nos hemos llenado de información sobre virus y vacunas; sin embargo, hay que ser cuidadosos con lo que escuchamos, pues la información se puede malinterpretar, podemos dudar si es fidedigna, o incluso podemos transmitirla de forma errónea. Por ello, en las siguientes líneas te contaremos un poco de la historia de la vacunación, el proceso del desarrollo de las vacunas, además de algunos conceptos de interés como los adyuvantes y las reacciones adversas. Por último, revisaremos brevemente las vacunas contra sars-CoV-2 y su importancia.
Tolerância biológica dos materiais em operatória dental
Authors: Werner Stüffert Léo
Published: September 2022

Análise das propriedades dos materiais restauradores, vinculada à reação da polpa e da gengiva em relação a essas propriedades. Se classificam as reações biológicas segundo a preparação cavitária, as propriedades dos materiais restauradores e sua deficiente manipulação. Comenta implantes experimentais de substâncias restauradoras e as reações provocadas pelas mesmas. Analisa a adesividade dos distintos materiais restauradores às pareces cavitárias e o uso de vernizes.
Radiografias como auxílio no diagnóstico das doenças periodontais
Authors: Louro Filho Paulo
Published: September 2022

O autor analisa os resultados obtidos com 998 radiografias dentárias tiradas com finalidade de exame e diagnóstico de enfermidade periodontal. A técnica usada foi a da bissetriz com algumas modificações no que tange a angulagem e direção do cone comparada com aquela utilizada para radiografias que se destinam ao exame da região apical. Os resultados forneceram 75% de películas utilizáveis. Foram discutidos os motivos dos fracassos que parecem ser devido a estruturas anatômicas.
Reação aos fragmentos de raizes no rato
Authors: Ebling Hardy , Barbachan João Jorge Diniz
Published: September 2022

Nenhum resumo disponível
Estudo comparativo das trajetórias de cooperação bilateral estruturante em saúde entre o Brasil e os membros da CPLP e da Unasul
Authors: Pozzatti Ademar , Witzel Farias Luiza
Published: September 2022

Este artigo busca verificar e comparar a catalisação de cooperação estruturante em saúde (CES) bilateral entre o Brasil e, por um lado, os Estados-membros da CPLP e, por outro, da Unasul, a partir da constituição dessas organizações e suas estruturas dedicadas à CES. A literatura especializada e os documentos oficiais sugerem que esta catalisação ocorre, e o presente estudo busca testar esta hipótese. Isso é feito através de um estudo de caso comparativo, baseado na análise das trajetórias de CES bilateral nos dois casos citados, construídas a partir de dados sobre acordos bilaterais firmados entre o Brasil e os membros da CPLP e da Unasul. Além de testar a hipótese, este artigo também discute o que os dados sugerem sobre as possibilidades de delimitação da CES pela política externa brasileira (PEB) de cada período ou pelas organizações multilaterais. Os dados sugerem que, no caso da CPLP, ocorre catalisação a partir do PECS 2009-2012, mas ela não se mostra sustentável, pois finda em 2012. No caso da Unasul, há catalisação de CES bilateral a partir da constituição da instituição e do Conselho de Saúde, e essa se mantém pelo menos até 2021, apesar da inércia da Unasul e das mudanças na PEB em saúde no período.
Technological Evolution and the Political Agency of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of General Organology and Universal Organicism
Authors: Kwapińska Kamila
Published: September 2022

The question of political agency with respect to artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly relevant insofar as we can observe efforts to regulate it. Some policy proposals link the problem of the advance of AI to the concept of technological evolution. However, it is still not quite clear what they mean by this concept. This paper explores conceptualisations of technological agency and evolution in Bernard Stiegler’s general organology and Friedrich Schelling’s universal organicism. I argue that organicism proposes a more ‘naturalised’ approach to agency formation and a more ‘organic’ explanation of technology than general organology. General organology considers technological evolution from a human perspective, whereas universal organicism can accommodate a theory of technological evolution independently from its social dimensions. While technology already has a strong impact on the organisation of our societies, recognition of technological agency as at least partially independent serves to recognise them as non-human beings that impact politics.
The Past, Present and Future of the ELKH Cloud
Authors: Héder Mihály , Rigó Ernő , Medgyesi Dorottya , Lovas Róbert , Tenczer Szabolcs , Török Ferenc , Farkas Attila , Emődi Márk , Kadlecsik József , Mező György , Pintér Ádám , Kacsuk Péter
Published: September 2022

This review article summarizes the history the Hungarian Scientific Cloud Infrastructure project. This research infrastructure was launched officially on 1 October 2016, funded by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. With the support of ELKH, the infrastructure’s capacity has been substantially boosted; the features and workflows that it offers to scientists were significantly expanded to celebrate the arrival of the year 2022. The article reviews the types of work Hungarian researchers implemented on the infrastructure, thereby providing an overview of the state of cloud-computing enabled science in Hungary.
PAReTT: a Python package for the Automated Retrieval and management of divergence time data from the Time Tree resource
Authors: Clercq Louis-Stéphane Le , Grobler J. Paul , Kotze Antoinette , Dalton Desiré
Published: September 2022

Evolutionary processes such as speciation happens gradually over time
making such processes time-dependant. Many studies conducted over the
past two decades have aimed at providing accurate, fossil-calibrated,
estimates of the divergence times of both extant and extinct species in
most lineages of the tree of life, including fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, and mammals. Data from more than 4 000 of these studies are now
publicly available from a central time tree resource and provide
opportunities of retrieving divergence times, evolutionary timelines,
and time trees in various formats to enhance scientific investigations
of evolution. There is, however, still limited functionality when
studying large lists of species that would require the batch retrieval
of data. To overcome this, a PYTHON package called Python Automated
Retrieval of Time Tree data, abbreviated as PAReTT, was created to
facilitate the interaction with the time tree resource when working with
species lists. This package was recently used in a meta-analysis of
candidate genes to study migration genetics and was able to successfully
retrieve data for forty or more species to illustrate the relationship
between divergence times and genetic data. The PAReTT package is freely
available for download from GitHub to implement in PYTHON or as a
pre-compiled Windows executable, with extensive documentation on the
package available on the PAReTT GitHub wiki pages on dependencies,
installation, and implementation of the various functions.
Molecular dissolution behaviors on porous membrane surface using hierarchical metal-organic framework lamellar membrane
Authors: Chen Yihao , Chen Jingjing , Chen Chongchong , Wu Xiaoli , Li Yifan , Zhang Jie , wang jingtao
Published: September 2022

Lamellar membranes, especially assembled by microporous framework
nanosheets, have excited interest for fast molecular permeation.
However, the underlying molecular dissolution behaviors on membrane
surface, especially at pore entrances, remain unclear. Here,
hierarchical metal-organic framework (MOF) lamellar membranes with 7
nm-thick surface layer and 553 nm-thick support layer are prepared.
Hydrophilic (–NH2) or hydrophobic (–CH3) groups are decorated at pore
entrances on surface layer to manipulate wettability, while –CH3 groups
on support layer provide comparable, low-resistance paths. We
demonstrate that molecular dissolution behaviors are determined by
molecule-molecule and molecule-pore interactions, derived from intrinsic
parameters of molecule and membrane. Importantly, two dissolution model
equations are established: for hydrophobic membrane surface, dissolution
activation energy (ES) obeys ES=Kmln[(γL-γC)μd2], while turns to
ES=Kaln[(γL-γC)δeμd2] for hydrophilic one. Particularly, hydrophilic
pore entrances exert strong interaction with polar molecules, thus
compensating the energy consumed by molecule rearrangement, giving fast
permeation (> 270 L m-2 h-1 bar-1).
New Anti-agglomerants : Effect of Coconut Oil Amide Propyl Betaine on Hydrate Agglomeration
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Pan Yi , Zhang ZhunShun , Liao Siyuan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this work is to explore the effect of new
anti-aggregation agent ( coconut oil amide propyl betaine ) on the flow
stability of oil-water emulsion system under different water content and
flow rate conditions, and confirm that the new anti-aggregation agent
under high water content and even pure water conditions can still play
an anti-coagulation role, so that hydrates can form stable and mobile
mud. In addition, in order to explore the parameter changes in the
system caused by the transient changes ( shutdown and start ) in the
flow system and the flow characteristics of hydrate in the non-flat
pipeline, the flow characteristics of hydrate slurry with inclined pipe
section are explored, and the changes in the flow characteristics of
hydrate with shutdown and restart in the actual production process are
explored by stopping and restarting the equipment.
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv
Published: September 2022

Both the clinical manifestations and the histological appearances of kidney disease associated with diabetes have been well characterized. The pathogenesis, however, is less well understood, and there are gaps in our understanding of how various causal factors relate to the histological manifestations of diabetes; in part, this is because of a paucity of kidney biopsies and longitudinal data. Here, we will focus on the pathogenesis, summarizing our current understanding of the histological and clinical correlates and pointing out remaining controversies in the context of pathogenesis.
Interleukin-6 and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights From CANVAS
Authors: Koshino Akihiko , Schechter Meir , Sen Taha , Vart Priya , Neuen Brendon L. , Neal Bruce , Arnott Clare , Perkovic Vlado , Ridker Paul M. , Tuttle Katherine R. , Hansen Michael K. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) and kidney outcomes in various populations. However, data in patients with type 2 diabetes are limited. We assessed the association of IL-6 with CV and kidney outcomes in the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) and determined the effect of canagliflozin on IL-6.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients with type 2 diabetes at high CV risk were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo. Plasma IL-6 was measured at baseline and years 1, 3, and 6. The composite CV outcome was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or CV death; the composite kidney outcome was sustained ≥40% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, end-stage kidney disease, or kidney-related death. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations between IL-6 and the outcomes. The effect of canagliflozin on IL-6 over time was assessed with a repeated-measures mixed-effects model.

RESULTS

The geometric mean IL-6 at baseline, available in 3,503 (80.2%) participants, was 1.7 pg/mL. Each doubling of baseline IL-6 was associated with 14% (95% CI 4, 24) and 21% (95% CI 1, 45) increased risk of CV and kidney outcomes, respectively. Over 6 years, IL-6 increased by 5.8% (95% CI 3.4, 8.3) in the placebo group. Canagliflozin modestly attenuated the IL-6 increase (absolute percentage difference vs. placebo 4.4% [95% CI 1.3, 9.9; P = 0.01]). At year 1, each 25% lower level of IL-6 compared with baseline was associated with 7% (95% CI 1, 22) and 14% (95% CI 5, 22) lower risks for the CV and kidney outcome, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes at high CV risk, baseline IL-6 and its 1-year change were associated with CV and kidney outcomes. The effect of IL-6–lowering therapy on CV, kidney, and safety outcomes remains to be tested.