Assessment of the effect of local treatment on the frequency of cells with nuclear abnormalities in the cytogram of the buccal epithelium in patients with erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus of the oral mucosa
Authors:   MD, Professor, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry with a course of IDPP FGBOU VO BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Usmanova I.N. , Lakman I.A. ,   Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Head of the Scientific Laboratory for the Study of Social and Economic Problems, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Lebedeva A.I. ,   Doctor of Biology, Senior Researcher, Acting Head of the Research Department of Morphology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Guryevskaya O.A. ,   postgraduate student of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Ufa, Viktorova T.V. ,   MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Biology, BSMU of the Ministry of Health RF, Senior Researcher of All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ushnitsky I.D. ,   MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic, Surgical, Orthopaedic Dentistry and Childhood Dentistry of the Medical Institute of M.K.Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Senina V.O. ,   postgraduate student of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, аssistant of the department of surgical dentistry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, BSMU, Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Ufa, Usmanova D.I. ,   second year student of the Pediatrics faculty BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ufa, Safina G.I. ,   second year student of pediatrics faculty BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: January 2025

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease with a high risk of malignization. Early diagnostic tests of erosive and ulcerative form (ECF) of the LP, timely pharmacotherapy are the key to success in the treatment of this form of dermatosis. The cytologic research method is one of the methods by means of which it is possible to obtain the results and adjust the scheme of medication symptomatic treatment in the future. The aim of research is to determine the effect of local treatment on the frequency of cells with nuclear abnormalities in the cytogram of buccal epithelium obtained from the reticular mesh area and from the surface of erosions in patients with the erosive and ulcerative form of the Lichen Planus in the oral cavity mucosa lining. Materials and methods. In the cytogram of buccal epithelium, cytogenetic indicators (micronucleus, tongue-type protrusion, and broken egg-type protrusion), indicators of nucleus destruction (karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and indicators of nuclear proliferation (notching) were assessed. Results. The developed method of local treatment of the erosive and ulcerative form of the Lichen Planus contributed to a more significant decrease in the frequency of cells with nuclear proliferation in the form of notches, compared to the group of patients treated according to clinical recommendations (p=0.05), and significantly decreased the frequency of cells with micronuclei (p<0.01), the frequency of degenerative change of the nucleus at p<0.05. Both methods of local treatment were effective, however, in clinical subgroups of patients with high titers of Candida spp. detected in the oral microbiota, the effect of local treatment in the form of ozone therapy, contributed to a decrease in the frequency of the cytogenetic indicator in the form of micronucleus protrusion (at p<0.1), nucleus notching (at p<0.01), the indicator of completion of nuclear destruction (p<0.1). Cytologic examination of the buccal epithelium is a non-invasive method that provides clear information about the status of the epithelial cells, in particular their DNA damage, the proliferative potential of basal cells and cell death, which are considered basic principles of cancer alertness.
Keywords: erosive and ulcerative form of Lichen Planus, buccal cytogram, ozone therapy, hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid gel, Ora-Aid self-adhesive patch.