bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Fading Effect On an Individual Link of 4 × 4 Mimo Communication Systems
Authors: Salemdeeb Mohammed , Abu-Hudrouss Ammar
Published: April 2023

The hottest issue of next generation communication systems is data throughput improvement for any wireless channel conditions. Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems are the key technology for the next generation communication systems. Bill Lab Layered Space Time (BLAST) system achieves high data rates with acceptable BER performance over a good channels state. However, when the wireless channel has a considerable fading then the performance will be decreased and at a deep-fading state the system may fail to transmit any signal. This paper studies and compares the conventional 4 × 4 Vertical BLAST system capacity and bit error rate (BER) performance at Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver through a simulation. It also studies the effect of a transmit-link deep-fading on the effective signal to noise ratio, system BER and system capacity in 4 × 4 VBLAST system in a comparative way with the conventional 4× 4, 3× 4, 2× 4 and 1× 4 VBLAST system. Considering that every possible case of transmit link deep fade lower than -20dB fading gain is equivalent to switching off this transmit link and mostly all of its power will be wasted. MATLAB software has been used as the main platform for system simulation.

تسعى هذه الدراسة للكشف عن اهمية تحسين معدل نقل البيانات في انظمة الاتصالات بغض النظر عن ظروف القناة اللاسلكية، لان انظمة الاتصالات ذات المداخل والمخارج المتعددة تعتبر التكنولوجيا الاساسية في انظمة الاتصال في الاجيال القادمة من هذه التكنولوجيا، ولما كان نظام بيل المتعدد الطبقات الزمكاني (البلاست) يحقق معدل بيانات عالياً – مع نسبة خطأ مقبولة – حال كون القناة اللاسلكية في حالة جيدة، فإن هذا لا يمنع تراجع الاداء إذا عانت القناة اللاسلكية من تخميد وإن كان التخميد عميقاً قد يتعرض النظام للفشل في ارسال البيانات بصورة صحيحة. ومن هنا فإن الدراسة تسعى لفحص ومقارنة سعة ومعدل الخطأ في نظام  4 × 4بلاست العمودي حال استخدام نظام الأفضلية المثلى في عملية الاستقبال. كما تسعى ايضا لدراسة تأثير وجود تخميد عميق في أحد قنوات الارسال الاربعة على معامل نسبة الاشارة الي الضوضاء، وكذلك معدل الخطأ ومتوسط سعة القناة، اخذةً بعين الاعتبار أن معامل التخميد إذا قل عن -20 ديسبل فانه يكافئ حالة قطع الارسال عبر القناة، وأن طاقة الارسال المستخدمة في هذه الحالة ستضيع هباءاً. وقد استخدم الباحث برنامج الماتلاب كاساس للمحاكاة في هذه الدراسة.
Using Molecular and Biological Tools for Assessment of TYLCV Resistant Tomato Cultivars Commercially Grown in Southern Palestine
Authors: Amro Sahar , Alkowni Raed , Hamdan Abdul-Jalil
Published: April 2023

Tomato, considered one of most important and popular crop, was infected by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) which causes significant yields loss. Biological and molecular tools were used to evaluate the TYLCV incidence on tomatoes grown under commercial conditions. A total number of 72 tomato plants from each eight different tomato cultivars commercially planted in Palestine were tested for their virus infection which occurred naturally. The virus incidence was reported biologically based on visual inspections for the disease symptoms and molecularly by PCR tests, in two growing season periods: Summer (2006) and spring (2007). As a result, no cultivars were found “immune” to virus infection. However, fundamental differences in symptoms development and severity had been discovered. This study, which was carried out for the first time in Palestine, showed that some cultivars such as “3060” could be targeted as promising virus-tolerant ones. The sensitivity of molecular methods over bioassays was evaluated, and combined methods were suggested for any cultivars resistance assessments. Besides, research results revealed that the experimental conditions in Spring were not in favor of the virus spread, as the main virus vector (Bemisia tabaci) population number would be lower in the Summer season; thus the Spring season is seen as the best one for farmers to escape from TYLCV infections.

تعتبر البندورة واحدة من المحاصيل المهمة والشعبية، ولكنها تصاب بفيروس تجعد واصفرار اوراق البندورة  (TYLCV) مما يسبب خسارة كبيرة في الانتاج. تم استخدام الأدوات البيولوجية والجزيئية لتقييم الإصابة على البندورة والتي نمت في الظروف التجارية. تم اختبار 72 من نبات الطماطم لكل صنف من الأصناف الثمانية للطماطم المختلفة والمستعملة تجاريا في فلسطين، وذلك بفحص اصابتها بالفيروس المنتقل اليها بشكل طبيعي. حيث تم ثبوت وقوع الاصابة الفيروسية بيولوجيا عن طريق عمليات التفتيش البصرية لأعراض المرض، وجزيئيا عن طريق اختبارات تضاعف الحمض النووي (PCR)، وذلك في موسمين: صيف (2006) وربيع (2007). وكانت النتيجة لذلك انه لا توجد "مناعة" لعدوى الفيروس لأي من الأصناف المختبرة. ومع ذلك، فقد كشفت الدراسة، والتي تجرى للمرة الأولى في فلسطين، اختلافات جوهرية في تطور المرض وشدة الاصابة. حيث أظهرت النتائج انه يمكن استهداف بعض الأصناف الواعدة مثل "3060" لكونها الاكثر تحملا للفيروس. تم كذلك تقييم حساسية الاختبارات الجزيئية مقارنة بمثيلاتها البيولوجية، واقتراح استعمال الاختبارين معا في تقييم أي أصناف مقاومة. اضافة الى ذلك، كشفت النتائج أن الظروف التجريبية في الربيع لم تكن في صالح انتشار الفيروس، حيث أن تعداد ناقلات الفيروس الرئيسة (الذبابة البيضاء) تكون أقل من موسم الصيف، مشيرة الى ان هذا الموسم هو الأفضل للمزارعين للهروب من الاصابة بالفيروس (TYLCV).
Life Cycle Assessment of Olive Oil Tin and Plastic Containers
Authors: Saleh Yahya
Published: April 2023

For a long period of time, Palestine has witnessed significantly noticeable shortages and scarcities of natural resources, namely, water and energy resources. Many industries adversely contribute in the continuous consumption and depletion of such natural resources. Among these, there are the packaging materials industries producing plastic and metal packaging containers for holding liquid products. Examples of such containers are tin and plastic containers used for packaging and storing olive oil in Palestine. These primary two packaging systems differ in their environmental impacts during the stages of processing, manufacturing, distribution, transportation, usage and disposal. More specifically, they differ in consumption of natural resources such as water, energy, and land use (solid wastes generation), as well as in their contribution to human toxicity and health problems (dust) and resulted industrial noise. This work aims at evaluating and comparing the potential environmental impacts of tin and plastic containers of olive oil via employing life cycle assessment (LCA) based on International Standardization Organization (ISO) standards (namely, ISO 14040, ISO 14041, ISO14042, and ISO 14043). The life cycle inventory and impact assessments considered the above-mentioned significant environmental domains (water, energy, solid waste, dust and industrial noise) in conducting the LCA. Within the boundaries of both systems, the LCA analysis showed that tin containers (16 Ls) outperformed plastic containers (16 L) in terms of having less environmental impacts.

تشهد فلسطين وبشكل كبير نقصاً ملحوظاً وندرة حادة في الموارد الطبيعية، خصوصاً موارد المياه، والطاقة والمواد الخام. تسهم العديد من الصناعات الفلسطينية سلباً في الاستهلاك المستمر وفي نضوب هذه الموارد الطبيعية. من بين هذه الصناعات تلك المنتجة لمواد التعبئة والتغليف البلاستيكية وكذلك الحاويات المعدنية المستخدمة في التعبئة والتغليف لبعض المنتجات السائلة. ومن الأمثلة على هذه الحاويات تلك المصنوعة من الصفيح (التنك) والبلاستيك على شكل عبوات تستخدم لتعبئة وتخزين زيت الزيتون في فلسطين. تختلف أنظمة التغليف هذه والمستخدمة لتعبئة زيت الزيتون هنا في فلسطين في تأثيراتها البيئية خلال مراحل التجهيز والتصنيع والتوزيع والنقل والاستخدام وكذلك في مرحلة التخلص منها. وبشكل أكثر تحديداً، فإنها تختلف في استهلاك الموارد الطبيعية مثل المياه والطاقة، واستخدام الأرض (إنتاج النفايات الصلبة)، وكذلك في مساهمتها في السمية البشرية والمشاكل الصحية (الغبار) وإنتاج الضوضاء الصناعية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم ومقارنة الآثار البيئية المحتملة والناتجة عن عبوات الصفيح والبلاستيك المستخدمة في تعبئة زيت الزيتون من خلال تقييم بيئي لدورة الحياة (LCA) استناداً إلى معايير ( (ISO 14040, ISO 14041, ISO 14042, ISO 14043. اعتمدت هذه الدراسة في إجراء تقييم دورة الحياة لنظامي التعبئة والتغليف على تحليل المخزون ودورة الحياة وعمليات تقييم الأثر في المجالات البيئية التالية: استهلاك المياه والطاقة، إنتاج النفايات الصلبة، والغبار والضوضاء الصناعية.وأظهرت نتائج التحليل تفوق اناء القصدير (16 ليتر) على إناء البلاستيك (16لترا) من حيث وجود تأثيرات أقل على البيئة.
Photon Shadowing in Nuclei
Authors: Saffarini Ghassan
Published: April 2023

Photonuclear Shadowing is studied using the Glauber - generalized vector meson dominance approach. The calculation is performed using both diagonal and off - diagonal generalized vector dominance (GVMD) models. The results are compatible with experiments within the large systematic uncertainties of the available data.
Homogeneous Catalysis of O-Silylation Reactions Using Tris (Acetylacetonato) Cobalt (III)
Authors: S.Hilal Hikmat
Published: April 2023

Tris (acetylacetonato) cobalt (III), (Co(acac)3), has been used to catalyze o-silylation reactions of R 3 Siff (R.z.Et,Et0) with R OH (Rt-Et, i-Pr, t-.Bu and C6Hj-). No reaction has been observed at room temperature, but the reaction is apparently enhanced when carried out at a higher temperature. The rate of the reaction varies with varying the concentration of the saline or the alcohol. Using different types of alcohols and silanes greatly affects the rate of the reaction. The rate of the reaction is affected by varying the concentration of the complex (Co(acaci6)).
Two Methods for the Evaluation of Six Disinfectants Using Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Serratia Marcescens as the Test Organisms
Authors: Faydi Yahya R.
Published: April 2023

A total of 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 isolates of Serratia Marcescens from various clinical specimens were used in this study. The action of various commercial disinfectants on these isolates was studied using the agar and broth dilution methods. All S. Marcescens strains were inhibited by. 0.15% 0-syl or 0.44% Savlon. While P. aeruginosa strains were inhibited by 0.3% 0-syl or 0.88% Savlon. Both organisms were inhibited by 0.65% Westaspet, 0.125% Phenol, 0.5% Acriflavin or 0.25% Micro - Bac.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Multivariate and Spatial Analysis in Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Eljamassi Alaadinne , Amassi Khalid El
Published: April 2023

Gaza strip suffers from the deterioration of ground water in both quality and quantity. Groundwater is one of the most precious natural resources in the Gaza Strip as it is the only source of drinking water for the majority of the population. This study assessed the quality of groundwater resources in Gaza governorate, using multivariate and spatial analysis. R Mode Factor analysis was used to extract factors that control the groundwater quality in the study area where as Cluster analysis was adopted to detect spatial similarities among sampling sites. The R mode factor analysis revealed three dominant factors, affecting the hydrochemistry of water. The biggest main factor with 64 % of variance indicates that the contamination of groundwater was mainly influenced by seawater intrusion. The cluster analysis distinguished three main spatial clusters from the data with most values exceeded the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) at different levels for each cluster. The value of the Ground Water Quality Index ranged from 43 % and 63 %, indicating that the overall quality of the water in the study area was extremely low. The present study recommends the use of Geographical information system (GIS) and its applications in generating maps to reveal the deteriorating groundwater condition to the governorate.

يعاني قطاع غزة من تدهور في المياه الجوفية من حيث الجودة والكمية، المياه الجوفية في القطاع هي احدى أغلى المصادر الطبيعية لأنها المصدر الوحيد لمياه الشرب في القطاع بالنسبة لغالبية السكان في الوقت الحاضر هنالك أزمة مياه في القطاع، تلوث المياه الجوفية أصبح مصدر قلق كبير في السنوات الأخيرة. هذا الدراسة عملت على إجراء تقييم شامل لجودة المياه الجوفية في قطاع غزة وذلك باستخدام تحليل متعدد المتغيرات والتحليل المكاني. التقييم يبدأ باستخدام التحليل العاملي لاستخراج العوامل ومن ثم استخدام التحليل العنقودي للكشف عن التشابه المكاني لمواقع الآبار وأخيراً تم استخدام تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية لعمل مؤشر لجودة المياه الجوفية يعمل على تصنيف المياه الجوفية بطريقة شاملة وبشكل واضح ويسهل فهمه. التحليل العاملي كشف ثلاثة عوامل مهيمنة تؤثر على جودة المياه وأكبر عامل وبنسبة 64% يرجع إلى تسرب مياه البحر إلى خزان المياه الجوفية، التحليل العنقودي ميز وجود ثلاث مجموعات للآبار، كل هذه المجموعات لديها قيم تحليل الجودة أعلى من القيم الإرشادية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ولكن بمستويات مختلفة تبعا لكل مجموعة. انحصرت قيمة مؤشر جودة المياه بين 43% و63% وهذا يدل على أن جودة المياه في منطقة الدراسة منخفضة بشكل كبير والنطاق الضيق للمؤشر يدل على أنه لا خلاف جوهري بين منطقة وأخرى. من أهم التوصيات لهذه الدراسة هي استخدام أدوات وتطبيقات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية من أجل إعداد خرائط توضيحية لإيصال ومخاطبة العالم حول وضع المياه المتدهور في منطقة الدراسة وكذلك الحث على استخدام مؤشرات جودة المياه سواء بطريقة يدوية أو تلقائية من أجل فهم الجودة الكلية للمياه.
The Geochemistry of Pliocene Volcanism in the Shahba region, South of Syria
Authors: Dawod Safwan , Al-Mishwat Ali
Published: April 2023

Pliocene volcanic rocks are considered as dominant rocks and form an important part of igneous succession in this region. The architecture type of Pliocene basalt is various as it consists of several diverse lithological formations, which vary from continuous basalts flow to scoria materials. The Pliocene basaltic rocks consist of several lava flows, which are divided into three primary petrographic groups: alkali basalt, augite alkali basalt and the basanite. The three petro-types can be classified geochemically from alkaline to sub-alkaline and termed as alkali olivine basalt. They have similar compositional ranges of major and trace elements. The geochemical composition shows that the basaltic Pliocene rocks consist of both partial melting and crystal fractions signatures. So the geochemical changing components can be considered as a result of crystal fractions that developed after partial melting process.

تتكشف تشكيلات البليوسين النارية على مساحات واسعة من جنوب سوريا، وهي تشكل جزء هام من التتابع الناري في المنطقة.تتكون التوضعات البركانية البليوسينية في منطقة شهبا من تشكيلات ليتولوجية مختلفة، تتراوح بين صبات بازلتية دفقية مستمرة الى توضعات خبثية متماسكة سميكة أحيانا،ً تتضمن توضعات بيروكلاستية متنوعة. يُبنى التتابع البليوسيني الناري في منطقة شهبا من عدد متغير من الصبات البازلتية، المكونة بتروغرافيا من ثلاث مجموعات رئيسية هي: البازلت القلوي والبازلت الاوجيتي القلوي والبازانيت. يُظهر التركيب الجيوكيميائي للصخور البليوسينية، أن الصخور البازلتية المدروسة تبدي تغيرات على المحتوى التركيبي، يمكن اعتبارها أنها ناتجة عن عملية تجزؤ بلوري كان قد تطور عن عملية انصهار جزئي.
Best Approximation in Cone-Normed Space
Authors: Hakawati Abdallah , Al-Dwaik Sawsan
Published: April 2023

The question of whether cone metric spaces are real generalizations of metric spaces is proved, in the sense of Best Approximation, not to be affirmative.

نبرهن هنا ان فضاءات القياس المخروطي ليست تعميما لمفهوم فضاء القياس وذلك من وجهة نظر التقريب الأمثل
Field Survey and Molecular Detection of Potato Viruses in Northern Fields of Palestine
Authors: Alkowni Raed , Abu-Qaoud Hassan
Published: April 2023

Sanitary status of potatoes grown in Northern fields of Palestine; based on their viral infections, was assessed biologically and molecularly in this study. Visual inspections for symptomatic disorders were carried during the growing seasons of 2013-2014, reporting a leaf curling, yellowing and stunting plant syndromes. Molecularly, two of most economically damaging viruses (Potato virus Y and Potato virus X) were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with total infection (9.5%). PVY but not PVX, was found in several locations and cultivars. Beside sanitary assessment of potato, this is the first to report the detection of both potato viruses (PVX and PVY) molecularly in Palestinian fields.

في هذه الدراسة واستنادا إلى قياس نسب الاصابة بالفيروسات، جرى اول تقييم بيولوجي وجزيئي للوضع الصحي لمحصول البطاطا المزروعة في حقول الشمال من فلسطين، حيث اجريت عدة زيارات حقلية للكشف عن اية اعراض مرضية على المحصول خلال مواسم النمو من 2013-2014، وقد لوحظ وجود اعراض امراض فيروسية مثل التفاف الورق، والاصفرار، واعراض تقزم النبات. جزيئيا، تم الكشف عن اثنين من أكثر الفيروسات الضارة اقتصاديا (فيروس البطاطس Y وفيروس البطاطا X) من خلال فحص مبلمرة سلسلة الحمض النووي باستخدام تقنية(RT-PCR)، لتظهر نسبة الإصابة بالفيروسات (9.5٪). وقد تم العثور على فيروس البطاطس Y في عدة مواقع وأصناف بعكس فيروس البطاطا X الذي انحصر في صنف واحد هو (الاسكا). تعتبر هذه الدراسة الاولى في فلسطين للإبلاغ عن الكشف عن تلك الفيروسات من خلال الفحص الجزيئي، بجانب كونها اول عملية تقييم لصحية نبات البطاطا، المزروع في حقول شمال فلسطين.
Reality of Road Safety Conditions at Critical Locations in Nablus City, Palestine with a Road Map for Future Interventions
Authors: Al-Sahili Khaled , Khader Hozaifa
Published: April 2023

Nablus occupies a high level among Palestinian Governorates in terms of traffic crash frequency and rate. The traffic safety system and program in Palestine, including Nablus city is weak and needs much improvement. This research aims to study the reality of traffic safety conditions at selected locations in the city of Nablus and to recommend areas for interventions. Traffic crash data for selected locations in Nablus city was collected based on crash reports from the Police Directorate. The selected locations are critical in the city for their sensitive locations and traffic conditions. Analysis was done for several patterns and traffic/environmental conditions that may have an effect on traffic safety at these sensitive locations. Results show that certain conditions and patterns may contribute to the level of safety. Pedestrians, wet pavement conditions, and night-time crashes were high at certain locations while elderly and females were involved in a limited number of crashes. The practical application of this research is that it forms a road map for traffic crashes and road safety conditions studies and for improving traffic safety conditions in the city of Nablus.

تحتل محافظة نابلس مستوى عال بين المحافظات الفلسطينية من حيث أعداد حوادث المرور ومعدلاتها. يمكن وصف نظام برنامج السلامة المرورية في فلسطين، بما في ذلك مدينة نابلس، بأنه ضعيف ويحتاج الكثير من التحسين. يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة واقع ظروف السلامة المرورية في مواقع مختارة في مدينة نابلس، والتوصية في مجالات التدخلات. المواقع المختارة هي مواقع حرجة في المدينة لمواقعها الحساسة وظروف حركة المرور فيها. تم جمع بيانات حوادث المرور لمواقع مختارة في مدينة نابلس على أساس تقارير حوادث السير من مديرية الشرطة في المدينة. تم إجراء تحليل الحوادث لعدة أنماط وظروف بيئية والتي قد يكون لها تأثير على السلامة المرورية في هذه المواقع الحساسة. وتشير النتائج إلى أن ظروف وأنماط معينة يمكن أن تسهم في مستوى السلامة في المدينة. حيث تبين أن حوادث المشاة، وظروف سطح الطريق الرطب، وحوادث السير الليلية عالية في مواقع معينة، ويوجد تكرار واضح لبعض أنواع الحوادث وأسبابها، بينما تشارك الإناث والمسنون بعدد محدود من حوادث السير في المدينة. التطبيق العملي لهذا البحث هو أن هذه النتائج تشكل خارطة طريق لظروف حوادث المرور والسلامة على الطرق وكذلك للأبحاث المستقبلية، وعملية تحسين ظروف السلامة المرورية في مدينة نابلس.
Screening the Efficacy of Different Anti-biotics Against American Foulbrood in Jordan
Authors: Haddad Nizar , Khoury Fares , Tellawi Alaa , Adjlane Noureddine
Published: April 2023

American foulbrood disease (AFB) is considered one of the most virulent bacterial diseases of honeybee (Apis mellifera); it has a vital negative impact on the beekeeping industry worldwide. This disease is caused by a spore forming bacterium Peanibacillus larvae that affects honeybee larvae. This work includes the screening of several alternative antibiotics efficacy to AFB disease. The sensitivity of Peanibacillus larvae to seven antibiotics was investigated using disk diffusion methods (Kirby Bauer disk diffusion). The tested compounds are approved by the US - Food and Drug Administration for agricultures uses. The most active antibiotics were Novobiocin and Florfenicol followed by Oxytetracycline and Tylosin. Erythromycin and Tilmicosin had intermediate activity; Lincomycin was recorded as the lowest active antibiotic against P.larvae. The result showed that Oxytetracycline resistance is still not a problem in Jordan, unlike in the USA and some other regions. To avoid any further problems in the spread of antibiotics-resistance, it is recommended that beekeepers have to establish methods for early detection of AFB, the application of antibiotics in inadequate doses with technical supervision and using of different alternative antibiotics such as Tylosin. Further studies are needed to determine the fate of Oxytetracycline and Tylosin residues in honey under field conditions at the recommended doses for field trial, whoever we do not recommend the prophylactic use of antibiotics whereas we recommend the treatment only in diseased colonies with high honey bee population.

يعتبر عفن الحضنة الأمريكي واحد من أهم الممرضات البكتيرية التي تصيب نحل العسل مسببة خسائر كبرى لقطاع تربية النحل على الصعيد العالمي. وتعتبر سبورات بكتيريا (Peanibacillus larvae) السبب الرئيس وراء إصابة يرقات النحل بهذا المرض.
في هذه الدراسة تم مسح تأثير سبعة المضادات الحيوية بإستخدام طريقة قرص الإنتشار (Kirby Bauer disk diffusion). وتعتبر المضادات المستخدمة هي تلك المعتمدة من خلال مؤسسة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية ومعتمدة للاستعمال في القطاع الزراعي. وقد تبين أن مضادات (Novobiocin) و(Florfenicol) متبوعة بـ (Oxytetracycline) ثم (Tylosin). في حين كان كل من (Erythromycin) و(Tilmicosin) محدودة الفاعلية، وكان المضاد الحيوي (Lincomycin) الأقل فاعلية. وبذلك تبين أن (Oxytetracycline) لا يزال فاعل ولم تتشكل لدى البكتيريا مناعة ضدة بعكس الحالة الحاصلة في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وبعض الأقاليم الأخرى.
Long Standing Emphysematous Cystitis Ends with Chronic Renal Failure and High Intravesical Pressure (Short Communication)
Authors: Mustafa Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

A 61-year old male patient with end stage renal failure and severe bilateral hydronephrosis was admitted to our hospital. The patient had pneumaturia since many years with history of several surgeries due to urethral strictures. Computed tomography showed air fluid level in the bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis with air bubbles in the kidneys. Urodynamic study revealed normal bladder volume with increased intravesical pressure during the filling phase. Urine culture was positive for klebsiella pneumonia. Prompt reduction in the serum creatinine level was observed after appropriate medical therapy and catheterization of the bladder. Emphysematous cystitis although it can be managed easily, it may lead to impairment of renal function if no appropriate management was given.

مريض ذكر بعمر 61 سنة حضر الى مستشفانا بفشل كلوي مع وجود انتفاخ حاد في حوض الكليتين. يعاني المريض من وجود هواء في البول منذ عدة سنوات واجري له العديد من العمليات بسبب تضيق في مجرى البول (الاحليل). اتضح بالصورة الطبقية وجود مستوى هواء و سائل في المثانة مع وجود انتفاخ وفقاعات هواء في كلا الكليتين. اجري له تخطيط مثانة وتبين أن حجم المثانة طبيعي مع زيادة في ضغط المثانة خلال فترة التعبئة. بعد زراعة البول تبين ان البول يحتوي على klebsiella pneumonia. كان هناك تحسن ملحوظ بوظائف الكلية بعد اعطاء العلاج المناسب ووضع قسطرة للمثانة. بالرغم من أن التهاب المثانة الهوائي يعالج بسهولة إلا أنه قد يؤدي الى خلل حاد في وظائف الكلية اذا لم يتم اعطاء العلاج المناسب له.
Chromium Ion Uptaken from Soil through Phytoremediation Using Zea Mays and Nicotiana Tabacum
Authors: Alhousani Murad , Abu-Obaid Ahmad , Al-Said Husam , Salah Ayman , Harb Jamil
Published: April 2023

Green technology “phytoremediation” approach was applied in WadiA lsamin in Hebron-Palestine to evaluate the plant efficiency in remediation of soil that is polluted with chromium (Cr). An open field controlled experiment was conducted to assess the efficiency of two plant species, namely corn (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), in remediating the Cr-polluted soil. The concentration of Cr metal was determined in all plant parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) for both plants using ICP-AES. The accumulation of Cr was higher in leaves than in the other plant parts for both plants with order of leaf>stem>root>fruit for corn plant and leaf>stem>fruit>root for tobacco.

تم تطبيق التكنولوجيا الخضراء (الزراعة العلاجية) في منطقة وادي السمن (الملوثة بعنصر الكروم) في الخليل لتقييم كفاءة وقدرة نباتات الذرة الشامية و التبغ على امتصاص وتخزين عنصر الكروم في مختلف أجزائهما من اجل تنظيف التربة من هذا العنصر. تم قياس تركيز الكروم في أجراء كلا النباتين (جذر وساق وأوراق وثمار) باستخدام جهاز مطيافية الانبعاث الذري في بلازما المقترنة بالحث .(ICP- AES) ونتائج البحث أوضحت أن تركيز عنصر الكروم في نبات الذرة الشامية في الأوراق اعلي منه في الساق والساق أعلى منه في الجذور والجذور أعلى منه في الثمار أما نبات التبغ أعطى نتائج مختلفة فتركيز عنصر الكروم في الأوراق اعلي منه في الساق والساق أعلى منه في الثمار و الثمار أعلى منه في الجذور
Toward Inference Based Distributed Processing, Analytical Modelling and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Al-jabi Muhannad , Masri Aladdin
Published: April 2023

Multi-processor distributed systems are very useful for the computation of intensive load. However, the optimal load fractions allocated to each processor are the main issues that affect the performance of these systems. Therefore, these load fractions depend on different parameters, such as processing capability for each processor and communication time with each processor. So, these values must be known before we start to distribute the load. In this paper, we present a model-based approach to study the performance of multi-processor distributed systems and the different communication times that use an inference message to collect such information. We notably propose a new model for load distribution over different regions connected through wide area network (WAN). We mainly focus on the effect of total communication time over the final result. Performance analyses are evaluated by a simulator, based on C++ programming language that can be an excellent solution to calculate the total finish time, in addition to the limits over the maximum number of regions.

تعتبر أنظمة متعددة المعالج الموزعة مفيدة جدا لحساب الحمل المكثف. ومع ذلك، فإن تجزئة الحمل الأمثل المخصصة لكل معالج هي القضية الرئيسية التي تؤثر على أداء هذه الأنظمة. لذلك، تعتمد هذه الاجزاء على عوامل مختلفة، مثل القدرة التجهيز لكل معالج ووقت الاتصال مع كل معالج. لذلك، يجب أن تكون هذه القيم معروفة قبل أن نبدأ في توزيع الحمل. في هذه الورقة، نقدم نموذجا لدراسة أداء الأنظمة الموزعة متعددة المعالجات وأوقات الاتصال المختلفة التي تستخدم رسالة الاستدلال لجمع هذه المعلومات. نحن نقترح بشكل خاص نموذجا جديدا لتوزيع الحمل على مناطق مختلفة المتصلة من خلال شبكة منطقة واسعة (وان). ونحن نركز أساسا على تأثير إجمالي وقت الاتصال على النتيجة النهائية. يتم تقييم تحليلات الأداء من قبل جهاز محاكاة، استنادا إلى لغة البرمجة C ++ التي يمكن أن تكون حلا ممتازا لحساب إجمالي وقت الانتهاء، بالإضافة إلى القيود على الحد الأقصى لعدد المناطق.
Modelling and Exact Testing for A (4 × 4) Cross-Over Trial with Binary Data
Authors: Abualsalqan Adnan
Published: April 2023

A method of analyzing binary data from a four-treatment, four-period cross-over trial is described. This method is based on a log-linear model, and on computing exact tests using different techniques proposed by StatXact and LogXact. Here we deal with the problem of establishing therapeutic equivalence of four treatments. This method is illustrated using an example of unstructured binary data (Williams Design) where responses are recorded for the selected order of treatments.

وصف لطريقة رياضية لتحليل بيانات ثنائية ماخوذة من تجربة تلقي متواليات علاجية (تبادلية) من فئة اربع علاجات (ادوية او جرعات) معطاة على اربع فترات. الطريقة الموصوفة هنا اسست على نموذج لوغارتمي- خطي، حيث اتيح اجراء اختبارات (احصائية) دقيقة (غير تقريبية) باستخدام عدة طرائق مقترحة ومستخدمة عبر رزمتين (احصائيتين) حديثتين LogXact وStatXact. وفي هذه المخطوطة فاننا نعالج مسالة تحقيق التعادل (التكافؤ) العلاجي لاربع علاجات (ادوية). وقد تم تجلية هذه الطريقة الموصوفة بالاستعانة بمثال من بيانات ثنائية غير منظمة (تصميم وليامز). حيث تسجل الاستجابات (للعلاج) لكل من الترتيب المختار للدواء (او الجرعة الدوائية).
Nutritional health status in residential homes for elderly people in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Ghazzawi Hadeel
Published: April 2023

Background: the nutritional status of an elderly is the accumulated result from a number of different factors impacting one another at different levels. Objectives: a primary intervention to evaluate the primary nutritional intakes of individuals in the residential homes. It also aims to describe the residents’ health statuses, and to determine factors that can be independently associated with respect to under- and/or over-nutrition. Design: a cross-sectional study was performed on 9 residential homes for the elderly in Amman, Jordan. The nutritional status was \evaluated using anthropometric measurements. Food recalls were analyzed by ESHA. Results: the study included 139 residents (aged from 41 to 70+ years old). Malnutrition was not detected; inverse obesity was more common (average BMI was 45 kg/m2). Non-communicable Chronic diseases were observed amongst most of the residents. Macronutrients and micronutrients intakes varied between age groups. Most of the micronutrients did not meet the dietary reference intake (DRI). Sodium intake was higher than the recommended level 4714 mg and Vitamin D intake was less 52.3 IU than the requirements for all of age groups. Conclusion: high energy intake as well as lack of sports/activities combined with non-communicable chronic diseases all becomes problematic health-wise for individuals in residential homes in Amman.

الخلفية: الحالة التغذوية للمسنين هي النتيجة المتراكمة من عدد من العوامل المختلفة التي تؤثر على بعضها البعض على مستويات مختلفة. الأهداف: تدخل أساسي لتقييم مآخذ التغذية الأولية للأفراد في دور رعاية المسنين. كما يهدف إلى وصف الحالات الصحية للمقيمين، وتحديد العوامل التي يمكن أن ترتبط بشكل مستقل فيما يتعلق بنقص التغذية و / أو فرط التغذية. التصميم: أجريت دراسة مقطعية على 9 منازل سكنية للمسنين في عمان، الأردن. تم تقييم الحالة الغذائية باستخدام القياسات البشرية. تم تحليل عمليات سحب الطعام من قبل ESHA. النتائج: شملت الدراسة 139 شخصًا (تتراوح أعمارهم بين 41 و 70 عامًا). لم يتم الكشف عن سوء التغذية ؛ كانت السمنة أكثر شيوعًا (كان متوسط مؤشر كتلة الجسم).
Application of RUSLE model for estimating soil erosion in Gaza strip in Palestine using geographic information system
Authors: Almughari Basim
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to calculate the amount of soil erosion in Gaza Strip and identify areas of most exposed to soil erosion risk to take appropriate measures. The study used a Digital Elevation Model of the type of DSM from the Japanese satellite ALSO with a resolution of 30 metre, a satellite image of the satellite Landsat 8 taken on 29/10/2018, and GIS techniques in the calculation of the elements of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The results showed that the soil drift values in the study area range between 0.11-504 tons/ha/year, an average of 4.7 tons/ha/year, and that the total amount of soil in the Gaza Strip is 18,66658 tons/year, and the areas at risk of a very high drift account for 10% of the Gaza Strip, and are concentrated in Gaza City and the valleys (Gaza Valley, Beit Hanoun Valley, Salqa Valley) and In the coastal area of the cliffs, GIS is an effective and rapid tool in studying the problem of soil erosion. The study recommended using the RUSLE model to integrate with GIS and RS techniques in estimating the risk of soil erosion, and that appropriate measures should be taken to prevent soil erosion in the study area.

هدفت الدراسة إلى حساب كميات انجراف التربة في قطاع غزة، وتحديد المناطق الأكثر تعرضاً للانجراف لاتخاذ التدابير المناسبة، واستعانت بنموذج ارتفاع رقمي من نوع DSM من القمر الصناعي الياباني ALSO بدقة 30متر، وبصورة فضائية من القمر Landsat 8 التقطت بتاريخ 29/10/2018م، وبنظم المعلومات الجغرافية في حساب مفردات المعادلة العالمية لانجراف التربة. أظهرت النتائج أن قيم انجراف التربة بقطاع غزة تتراوح ما بين 0.11-504 طن/هكتار/السنة، بمتوسط مقداره 4.7 طن/هكتار/السنة، وأن إجمالي كميات التربة المجروفة تبلغ 1866658 طن/السنة. وأن المناطق المعرضة لخطر انجراف عالي وعالي جداً تشكل ما نسبته 10% من مساحة قطاع غزة، وتتركز في مدينة غزة وأحواض الأودية (وادي غزة، وادي بيت حانون، وادي السلقا)، وفي منطقة الجروف الشاطئية، وأن نظم المعلومات الجغرافية أداة فعالة وسريعة في دراسة مشكلة انجراف التربة. وأوصت الدراسة باستخدام نموذج RUSLE بالتكامل مع تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد في تقدير خطر الانجراف المائي، وبضرورة اتخاذ التدابير المناسبة لمنع انجراف التربة بمنطقة الدراسة.
Acidic whey as a novel coupling agent for composites based on E-Glass fibers and low-density polyethylene
Authors: Sawalha Shadi , Ma’ali Raed , Mushatti Hussein , Makharzeh Mohammad
Published: April 2023

In order to enhance the interfacial-adhesion between short E-glass fibers and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), acidic whey; a dairy byproduct was applied as coupling agent. The fibers were immersed in acidic whey for 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours. Composite materials containing 20 wt.% E- glass fibers and LDPE were prepared by extrusion process. The tensile strength and modulus of the produced composites were improved by using acidic whey, and the improvement in those properties was strongly affected by the immersion time of E-glass fibers in acidic whey. An increase of about 289%, 107%, 291% and 721% in modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, modulus efficiency and strength efficiency factors respectively were achieved after 60 hours of immersion of glass fibers in acidic whey. The effects of acidic whey on tensile properties and efficiency factors could be ascribed to the mend in interfacial-adhesion between glass fibers and LDPE polymer.
Development of channel transmission loss function for WRF_HYDRO modeling of semi-arid regions: The case of wadi Faria, Palestine
Authors: Khader Abdelhaleem , Jayyousi Anan , Shadeed Sameer , Arnault Joel , Kunstmann Harald , Chwala Christian , Fersch Benjamin
Published: April 2023

In arid and semi-arid regions, the quantitative understanding of the processes of runoff generation and prediction of the streamflow hydrographs and their transmission to the catchment outlet are among the most basic challenges of hydrology. To address these challenges, hydrological modeling has been used to gain understanding of the hydro-logical systems and to provide the required inputs needed for sustainable water resources management. Further-more, coupling hydrological models with climatic models provides even more understanding of the influence of the climatic parameters on hydrological processes and systems, and hence on runoff generation mechanism. In this research, WRF-Hydro (the Weather Research Forecasting model coupled with the Distributed Hydrologic Modeling System) was used for streamflow forecasting in the Faria catchment. Faria (320 km2), located in the northeastern part of the West Bank, Palestine, is a gauged catchment where rainfall and streamflow data are available for more than ten years. This study aims to assess the functionality of the WRF-Hydro to predict reliable streamflow hydro-graphs at the upper part of the catchment. Additionally, a new channel loss function was incorporated into WRF-Hydro to model the amount of water lost in the ephemeral (loosing) streams of the catchment. Hence, the rainfall and streamflow data for the rainy season; 2017-2018.were utilized. Results indicate that WRF-Hydo model is well functioning, but model calibration and validation is still required to further improve the model performance.
High Field Hybrid Permanent Magnet Wiggler Optimized for Tunable Synchrotron Radiation Spectrum
Authors: Bassalat Ahmed , Abualrob Hadil
Published: April 2023

Synchrotron radiation provides a powerful tool of high brightness and tunable energy range for scientific applications in different domains such as chemistry, biology, material science and many others. The scientific community has recently shown a great interest in high-energy photons for other applications such as archaeological studies. To meet different demands, this study gives two proposals: called proposal 1: wiggler of 164 mm period and proposal 2: wiggler 98 mm period. Each proposal provides a single insertion device that can operate in the wiggler regime at high-energy range and in the undulator regime at low-energy range by simple gap adjustment. It develops the concept of insertion devices, gives a detailed study of the possible technologies, provides a simulation of the emitted photon flux by the proposed insertions, and compares the emitted radiation of each of them. It is found that proposal 1 provides 10^5 more flux in the undulator regime and 10 times more flux in the wiggler regime
Spectrophotometric Studies and Analytical Application of Cerium (III) and Thorium (IV) Chelates with Pyridine-2-Aldehyde-2-Pyridylhydrazone (PAPH)
Authors: Hannoun Mohammad A.
Published: April 2023

Ce (III) and Th (IV) reacts with pyridine-2—aldehyde-2—pyridylhydrazone in aqueous solutions containing 50 % ethanol at pH's 7.75 and 8.45 respectively. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0.0-15.p.g and 0.0-18 ktg of cerium and thorium respectively. The proposed procedure is sensitive, since molar absorptivity is 2.56 x 10 4 and 3.60 X 10 4 1.mol -1 cm-1 for Ce (III) and Th (IV) respectively. The composition and stability of these complexes have been determined. The limitation of this procedure and the effect of other ions have been studied.
Kinetic Study of the Complexation of Palladium (II) With 2-(5-Bromo-2-Pyridylazo)-5-Diethylaminophenol
Authors: Shraydeh Bassem F.
Published: April 2023

The kinetics of the complexation reaction of palladium with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) has been studied in the stability time at the optimum pH of 3.53 in presence of 50% ethanol. The effect of ionic strength and temperature on the reaction rate were reported. A mechanism has been postulated and the stability constants of the individual steps were determined. The Arrhenius and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and discussed.
The Development of Rotylenchulus Reniformis and Tylenchulus Semipenetrans, on Grape Roots
Authors: Sultan S.A.
Published: April 2023

The results showed that the average numbers of eggs per an egg mass of R. Reniformis and T. Semipenetrans were 84 and 36 eggs, and the eggs hatched after 6 and 7 days respectively. The durations of the life cycle were 30 and 41 days, respectively. Life cycles were divided into migratory and sedentary phases. The migratory phase (soil phase) of R. reniformis was not parasitic and lasted for about 21 days; while that of T. semipenetrans was parasitic and lasted for about 31 days. The sedentary phase of both nematodes was parasitic and lasted for about 9 and 10 days for R. reniformis and T. semipenetrans respectively. Only the young females of R. reniformis were the infective stages; while all larval stages and young females of T. semipenetrans were able to penetrate root tissues.
The Use of Transition-Metal Complexes as Catalysts in Tertiary Silanes Reactions with Unsaturated Organic Compounds and Alcohol: A Review
Authors: Hilal H.
Published: April 2023

This review deals with reactions of tertiary silanes R3SiH with unsaturated organic compounds (e.g. alkanes, dienes, alkynes, ketones, and aldehydes) and with alcohols R'OH, using transition- metal complexes as catalysts. Due to the bulk of relevant literature, special attention has been given to mechanistic aspects of the roles of the catalyst in the reaction. Main references which appeared in the period l960-1986, have been reviewed.
The Role of Solvent on the Kinetics and Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of Salicylidene Benzoyl Hydrazone
Authors: Abu-Eid Maher
Published: April 2023

The effect of various solvents on the kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis of Salicylidene Benzoyl hydrazone (SBH) has been studied at five different temperatures (17-45 C) using U.V. and visible spectrophotometry. In both protic and aprotic solvents, the hydrolysis rates follow first order kinetics. The role of solvent on the reaction rate, thermodynamic parameters and mechanism have been reported and discussed.
Explanation of the Shape of Calibration Graphs Obtained for Mercury, Zinc and Copper in Stream Water Samples
Authors: Salim Radi , Shakhshier Ismat
Published: April 2023

Calibration graphs have been obtained for mercury, zinc and copper ions using buffered (pH 7.4) stream water and centrifuged stream water samples. Two hypothesis explaining the shape of the obtained calibration graphs have been suggested; one refers the shape to the adsorption of-trace elements on the suspended particles and on the container surfaces, the other hypotheses refers the shape of calibration graphs to the presence of chemical interference. The strength of the two hypotheses has been compared. The effect of time on the shape of the calibration graphs has also been investigated.
Short Communication: Addition of Bis (methylthio) acetylene to Nitrilium Salts
Authors: Abu El-Halawa Rajab , Jochims J.C.
Published: April 2023

Azaallenium salt 7 was isolated at low temperature by the addition of bis (methylthio) acetylene to nitrilium salts. The isolated azaallenium salt 7 was rearranged to afford the 1:1 heterocyclic adduct 8. A detailed mechanism is discussed.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of Benzylidene Benzoylhyd - Razone Derivatives
Authors: Abu-Eid Maher , Mahmoud Foad M. , Shraydeh Bassem F.
Published: April 2023

The kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of a series of substituted benzylidene benzoylhydrazones (X — BBH) have been studied at five different temperatures in the range 25 — 45°c by U. V. -visible spectrophotometry. The hydrolysis reactions were found to follow first - order kinetics. A mechanism has been postulated in which the attack of water on the protonated substrate is subject to general base catalysis. This mechanism has been supported by the effect of anion concentration of buffer, at constant pH, on the observed rate constant. The Bronsted ?-value for the hydrolysis reaction is 0.73. Hammett correlations, Arrhenius and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated and discussed. The pKa values for the conjugate acids for benzylidene benzoylhydrazones derivatives (X - BBH) have been determined.
Mathematical Analysis of a Vibrating Rigid Water Tank
Authors: Helou Amin H.
Published: April 2023

The hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the wall of a vibrating water tank is traditionally expressed as a summation of two components; an impulsive component and a convective one obtained by separating the potential function into two parts. This requires solving Laplace's equation in two stages each with a separate set of boundary conditions. The following is one step systematic solution to the problem in a frame moving with the tank. It proves to be simple, compact and could lead to the impulsive, frequency independent and the convective, frequency dependent components of pressure at the water tank wall.
Short Communication: The Effect of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Salvia Fruticosa on Intestinal Motility
Authors: Al-Khalil Suleiman , Suleiman Saadeh , Abdul Ghani Abdul-Salam , Amin Riyad
Published: April 2023

The effect of organic (methanol and ether) extracts, and aqueous (neutral). Acidic and basic) extracts from the leaves of Salvia fruticosa, on the spontaneous contractile activity of the rabbit ileum was studied. Both Organic extracts were found to inhibit the spontaneous activity of the rabbit ileum, and inhibit acetylcholine — induced contractions. On the other hand aqueous extracts did not show any effect. The effects of a series of organic solvent extracts on the ileum were studied.
On Semilocal Rings And Finitely Generated Projective Modules
Authors: Abdel-Mohsin Ali
Published: April 2023

We establish the equivalence between the existence of a cyclic projective right C-module P such that P/J (BP) is semisimple and BP is finitely generated (B = End (Pc)) and the existence of an idempotent element e in c such that trace (Pc) is finitely generated (and equals CeC) and C/S is semisimple where S is the intersection of all maximal left ideals of C not containing the trace ideal of Pc.
Polymerization of Ethylene by the Silaned SiO2 -Mg(iBu)2-TiCl4-Al(iBu)3 Catalyst System
Authors: Abu-Eid M.A. , Tait P.J.
Published: April 2023

The polymerization of ethylene was conducted over the Silaned Si02 / Mg(iBu)2 I TiCl I Al (mu)3 and over the Stauffer AA type (1.1)/Al (iBu)3 catalyst systems at 60° C. The activity of the Sb2 — supported catalyst was about one hundred times higher than that of Stauffer AA. The rate — time profiles for both catalysts were found to be of acceleration type • The dependence of the spontaneous rate of polymerization with [Al (mu)3 I has been established for the Si02 — supported catalyst. A maximum rate was achieved at Al: Ti ratio of 512:1. The rate of ethylene production using Si02 — supported catalyst was increased by a factor of two when the prepolymerization time with propylene was 10 minutes.
Short Communication: The Mechanism of 1- Octene Isomerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction Catalysed by Ru3(CO)12
Authors: Hilal Hikmat S. , Jondi Waheed , Khalaf Shukri
Published: April 2023

Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of terminal olefins have been reported under thermal and photochemical conditions using Ru3 (C0) 12, 1, and HRu3 (CO)!!, 2,11 '0 In a very recent work, we reported E LI that 1 catalyses both Isomerization and hydrosilylation reactions of 1-octene (eq. 1). It has been found that the isomerization reaction occurs via lower nuclearity catalytic species that result from fragmentation of the mother cluster 1. Evidence in favour of concurrent cluster catalysis was also reported. On the other hand, the hydrosilylation reaction occurred via cluster catalysis at first and after some-time fragment catalysis occurred.
Visceral Organ Mass of Lambs Fed Four Roughage Diets
Authors: Omar J. M. Abo , Johnson K. , Johnson D.
Published: April 2023

Twenty-eight lambs averaging 45 kg live weight were divided among four roughage dietary treatment : grass hay, corn silage, alfalfa and oat hay. The diets contained a minimum of 12% crude protein and provided 10% over the required energy for maintenance. Lambs were fed twice a day (0800 and 1700) for 28 days. Animals were weighed at 10-d intervals at 0700 prior to being fed that morning. At the end of the feeding period the lambs were slaughtered and the weights of fat-free gastrointestinal tract segments, their content and other organs were taken and expressed as g/kg of empty body weight (EBW) Sampled of the rumen and small intestine were separated into mucosa] and nonmucosal (serosal) fractions. No single forage diet consistently increased the weights of all visceral organs. However, lambs fed the 70% alfalfa hay has 12% heavier liver and lung weights (p < .05) compared to lambs receiving other treatments and 11% heavier small intestine weights compared to the oat and silage diets. The grass hay diets resulted in lambs with 55% heavier cecum dry weights (P < . 05) compared to other roughage sources . Lambs fed silage diets had 7% heavier rumen mucosa (wet and dry) weights . The roughage source had no effect on total rumen, omasum, large intestine and total tract weights or contents.
A Study of a Flexible Submerged Cylindrical Tank Subject to Lateral Ground Excitation
Authors: Helou Amin H.
Published: April 2023

In a submerged rigid oil storage tank it is possible to evaluate the internal and external hydrodynamic forces separately. Internally the forces are due to internal waves generated at the oil-water interface. Externally, they are due to radiated waves. When such a tank is made of steel, at it is usually the case, the internal and external forces get coupled through the flexibility of the shell, hence their solutions become inseparable. The following is an analytical treatment for the case of a flexible tank it expands the solution of the rigid tank to include the shell flexibility effect. The submerged tank is assumed to be subject to a harmonic lateral ground excitation.