bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genome sequence of the Scarce Cardinal Beetle, Schizotus pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Lyszkowski Richard , Telnov Dmitry , Barclay Maxwell V. L. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Schizotus pectinicornis (the Scarce Cardinal Beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Pyrochroidae). The genome sequence spans 181.10 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.59 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,605 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of a sea louse, Lepeophtheirus nordmannii (Milne Edwards, 1840)
Authors: Baillie Andrew , Boxshall Geoff ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Lepeophtheirus nordmannii (the sea louse; Arthropoda; Hexanauplia; Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 345.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.48 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui (Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Franzen Leila , Crowley Liam M. , Medd Nathan ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female thistle gall fly, Urophora cardui (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tephritidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 837.80 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 20.37 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Sprawler moth, Asteroscopus sphinx Hufnagel, 1766
Authors: Hammond James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Asteroscopus sphinx (the Sprawler moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 857.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome and a putative B chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.35 kilobases in length.
ABOUT THE CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A PERSONNEL CONSULTING AGENCY. A WEBSITE ANALYSIS PROGRAM
Authors: Uskova E. , Slepuhin N.
Published: September 2024

The article presents a program for analyzing the website of a personnel consulting agency. Consulting services in various fields are in demand on the market, especially in the HR field, the organization and work of which largely determines the success of the business as a whole. When an organization needs to invite a consultant, the question of finding a qualified specialist always arises. In addition to directly interviewing colleagues in the profession, there is a need to use some objective search options. In modern realities, the company’s website is the “facade” of any organization, reflecting all its achievements and shortcomings, “pros” and “cons” in its work, indirectly indicating attention to clients and awareness of their interests, which is useful to keep in mind even before you contact one or another agency for a specific service. We offer one of these tools, the measuring parameters of which may vary (the number and set of evaluation criteria themselves, as well as the measuring scale), but the principle of use itself remains constant. With the help of the program we offer, company managers and owners can independently search for and independently evaluate personnel consulting agencies based on an analysis of their website.
INFLUENCE OF PERSONNEL LOYALTY ON THE PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Gasparovich E. , Hoholeva E. , Opleva V.
Published: September 2024

The study is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of an organization in the dynamic turbulent socio-economic situation of recent years in the Russian Federation. In a period of insufficient personnel caused by demographic reasons and at the same time high rates of staff turnover, the study of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization comes to the fore. A theoretical analysis of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the company was carried out. The study presents the main aspects of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization. Attitudinal and behavioral approaches to the definition of “loyalty” of personnel are outlined. A formulation is given to the basic concept of “loyalty” of personnel, which is revealed as the quality of an employee’s personality, determined by the willingness to adhere to the principles and established rules of the company, and the attitude towards the performance of job duties at a high level to maintain the functioning of the organization. The criteria for staff loyalty are highlighted, for example, such as: level of staff satisfaction with the conditions and results of work; emotional attachment to the organization (external and internal manifestations); degree of trust between management and employees.

A description is given and the results of a practical study of the influence of staff loyalty on the process of effective functioning of the organization are presented. Of particular empirical importance are practical recommendations for the HR manager to determine the influence of staff loyalty, based on the use of methods for assessing the level of loyalty; research into the relationship between loyalty and company performance; analysis of received materials during feedback; monitoring of key indicators of the company’s operational efficiency and effectiveness.
PREVENTING STAFF FATIGUE AS A TOOL FOR WELL-BEING PROGRAMS
Authors: Romanova I.
Published: September 2024

The article considers the actual problem of modern companies’ activities — the prevention of fatigue and maintaining optimal employee performance. Research data on factors affecting performance are presented, the consequences of workaholism are disclosed and possible methods of combating fatigue and overwork in the workplace are described. An interesting and important experience of domestic and foreign companies in maintaining high staff productivity is described. In particular, organizational measures are indicated (hybrid work schedule; optimization of work regime; rehabilitation measures from companies, etc.), as well as measures for individual prevention of fatigue. The whole set of measures to maintain efficiency, which should be undertaken by the management of companies within the framework of caring for the well-being of their employees, including digital technologies, is considered.
RESEARCH OF THE SYSTEM OF INTRA-COMPANY CONTINUOUS DISTANCE TRAINING OF STAFF: CASE OF ROSTELECOM PJSC
Authors: Hoholeva E. , Lysenko E. , Fedotovskih K.
Published: September 2024

In the era of the digital economy, the undeniable importance of corporate personnel training based on the concept of lifelong education dictates the need to create a successful system of in-house employee training. The development of a system of intra-company continuous distance training of personnel becomes especially important for large companies, whose branches, divisions and additional offices are distributed over large territories, which makes it possible to effectively meet the company’s needs for personnel training and provide employees with the ability to quickly respond to changes in the internal and
external environment of the company, and top management — the ability to continuously maintain competitiveness in the market. The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of a field study assessing the compliance of the current model of the system of in-house continuous distance learning for personnel at PJSC Rostelecom with real practice with the aim of improving it. Based on a comparative analysis of the data obtained, a number of “vulnerabilities” of the system were identified, for overcoming which recommendations were proposed.
Consumer Acceptance and Sensory Properties of Wheat- Millet Composite Biscuits Fortified with Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis Leaves Powder
Authors: Moin Abeera , Zaid Muhammad , Moin Maira , Giuffrè Angelo Maria
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the consumer acceptability of biscuits prepared with millet-wheat composite flour and enriched with Moringa oleifera and green tea leaves in Karachi, Pakistan. Cereals, especially wheat, and millet are crucial in global food trade. Moringa oleifera and green tea, rich in essential nutrients and phytochemicals, are of growing interest for their potential health benefits when added to food products. Sensory analysis and preference survey were conducted to evaluate the acceptance of these fortified unconventional biscuits. The results showed that biscuits made with pearl millet, moringa, and green tea were generally well-received by the panelists (p≤0.05). However, biscuits with green tea had slightly lower acceptability, likely due to their higher moisture content impacting texture and taste. A consumer perception survey revealed a notable interest in moringa-fortified biscuits among health-conscious consumers. While some consumers expressed a willingness to try biscuits made with pearl millet flour, there is an opportunity to raise awareness about the benefits of this grain. These findings underscore the potential for fortified biscuits, rich in essential nutrients, to provide healthier alternatives and address food insecurity, particularly among undernourished populations. The study highlights the importance of creating value added products by underutilized grain with acceptable organoleptic profiles to facilitate their adoption in the market.
Comparison of Waste from Different Types of Tea to Dried Butterfly Pea Flower
Authors: Zhang Jieyan , Qin Si , Konsue Nattaya
Published: September 2024

At present, the bioactive compounds of teas are well established and there are more attempts to apply tea as a functional drink or food supplement. In addition, during tea processing, tea waste, including broken tea leaves, buds and stems, is generated and disposed to the environment. The present study aimed to compare the quality of tea waste generated in full fermentation (raw Pu-erh tea, ripen Pu-erh tea and Anhua dark tea) and non-fermentation (green tea) processings in comparison with dried butterfly pea flower (DBPF) (non-Camellia sinensis). The results showed that total flavonoid (TFC) was found to be the highest in raw Pu-erh tea at 474.470 ± 47.173 mg RE/g, followed by ripened Pu-erh tea, green tea, Anhua dark tea, and DBPF, respectively. Similarly, raw Pu-erh tea also had the highest total phenolic (TPC) at 608.090 ± 2.795 mg GAE/g, followed by green tea, Anhua dark tea, ripen Pu-erh tea, and DBPF, respectively. On the other hand, total polysaccharides (TPS) content in DBPF was the highest among samples, whereas that of raw Pu-erh tea was the lowest. According to the HPLC analysis, caffeine (CF) was the major catechin found in all types of tea waste and the total catechin content was in the order of raw Pu-erh > ripen Pu-erh tea > green tea > Anhua dark tea which was in agreement with the TPC results. However, the types of catechin were different in each sample. It is noteworthy that there was no CF in DBPF, and major catechin found in DBPF was catechin gallate. Likewise, antioxidant ability determined by DPPH was the most superior in raw Pu-erh tea, followed by green tea, ripen Pu-erh tea, Anhua dark tea and DBPF, respectively. ORAC antioxidant capacity was highest in the green tea, while that in raw Pu-erh tea, ripen Pu-erh tea and Anhua dark tea was lower but not significantly different, as expected, DBPF possessed the lowest ORAC antioxidant capacity. Finally, it can be said that the potential for tea waste to be a valuable source of antioxidants varies depending on the tea processing, and the plant variety also had an impact on the characteristics of the tea samples.
Health Impact Due to Prolonged Water Only Fast by Jain Monk: A Case Report
Authors: Rathi Suresh Kumar , Lakhani J D , Shah Ashish , Parmar Ghanshyam , Seth Avinash K , Shah Sudhir , Jain Dharam Chand , Bharaney Rajesh P
Published: September 2024

Background: Fasting consists of abstaining from all or part of food and drink for a given period of time. Fasting people have a therapeutic advantage, as fasting can promote weight loss, improve glycemic control, reduce the risk of heart disease, etc. The current investigation of a case was conducted on Jain monk to understand the health impact and generate myriad hypotheses based on prolonged fasting on water alone. Methods: Data were collected from a 46-years aged Tapasavi (Monk) who had started fasting on ‘water only’ for 170 days commencing from 14th January 2023 after taking consent. Blood investigations and Magnetic resonance imaging were also conducted. He was drinking only warm water of around 500 ml in the morning and 500 ml in the evening. Findings: The weight of the person in this case has been reduced from 46 KG at the time of initiation of the fasting to 40.3 KG at the end of fasting. It seems that his biological age corresponds to 18 years old person. Haemoglobin and white blood cells were in normal limit from baseline till last day of fasting. However, lymphocytes decreased. Serum urea increased to 64.88 mg/dl while uric acid increased three times from the baseline level. Serum bilirubin was elevated even during baseline and was also very high on the last day of fasting. Vitamin B12 level was in normal range even after 170 days of water only fast. Serum ketone bodies were raised. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were normal. Conclusion: In this case, blood levels for several indicators have fluctuated, which may mean that a lot of bodily organs aren't functioning properly. More so, this case study generated a number of hypotheses, and in order to create strong support for each hypothesis and long term health impact, the targeted longitudinal, case control, and cohort studies are required for generating robust evidence.
BORBULHANDO ARTEFATOS CULTURAIS EM PROCESSOS EDUCATIVOS NUMA PESQUISA NA EDUCAÇAO INFANTIL:
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia Maria Ribeiro , Freitas Ila Maria Silva de Souza Mendes de Freitas
Published: September 2024

Os artefatos culturais, por serem criações humanas, são indiscutivelmente amplos, complexos, diversificados e por isso mesmo valorosos suportes para e nos processos educativos institucionais e não institucionais. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar e discutir três artefatos culturais que borbulharam em três instituições de Educação Infantil com a mediação de educadoras atuantes nessas instituições. O contexto dessa ebulição foi na pesquisa aprovada pela Fapemig intitulada: Políticas Públicas para a Educação Infantil e os processos educativos nos municípios que integram o Fórum Sul Mineiro de Educação Infantil. O material empírico que será problematizado contemplará as experiências das educadoras e crianças: 1. com o filme Divertida Mente, dirigido por Keslsey Mann (2024); 2. um casulo encontrado pelas crianças na área externa de um Centro de Educação Infantil e 3. uma brincadeira com o parto de uma boneca no espaço de uma brinquedoteca. Os referenciais teóricos que subsidiaram essas discussões se inscrevem no âmbito da Sociologia das Infâncias, dos Estudos Culturais e da Filosofia de Gaston Bachelard em relação às questões do Imaginário, da Razão e do Conhecimento, bem como dos Estudos Culturais com ênfase nos artefatos culturais.  A criança como sujeito de direitos é um ser em constituição de sua subjetividade e consiste centralidade em nossas reflexões. Também consideramos que a razão e a imaginação, no sentido bachelardiano, são potentes elementos estruturantes e estruturadores da própria condição humana e serão problematizados a partir das experiências advindas da pesquisa em tela.
BARBIE E FENÔMENO DA PINKIZAÇÃO:
Authors: Theodoro Roveri Fernanda , Finco Daniela
Published: September 2024

Este artigo aborda o processo de pinkização e o controle social de gênero presentes no atual contexto cultural e educativo, um fenômeno social intensificado a partir dos artefatos culturais ligados à Barbie. Explora os discursos midiáticos e suas estratégias de construção do papel da boneca, problematizando um processo que utiliza muitos artifícios para manter a ordem de gênero, uma ordem estritamente binária. Analisa esses artefatos culturais, assim como suas representações de valores e modos de viver, na constituição de feminilidades, assim como masculinidades. Questiona de que forma tais objetos culturais participam da construção das identidades desde a infância, veiculando discursos e intenções, na construção de comportamentos aceitos e desejáveis, representações de beleza, de corpo ideal e de popularidade. Nesta proposta, a interconexão entre Pedagogias Culturais e o Estudos de gênero ajuda a transformar o olhar para os processos contemporâneos de socialização, refletindo sobre as diversas relações, como as sócio-culturais, políticas e econômicas. Um exercício que permite a construção de outros olhares, desvelando pistas e inquietações para refletir como a sociedade vem lidando com as diferenças de gênero na infância, assim como na vida adulta, a partir de uma ordem social do gênero.
LITERATURA FEMINISTA PARA CRIANÇAS:
Authors: De Freitas Vasconcelos Maria Beatriz , Da Silva Caldeira Maria Carolina
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, partimos do pressuposto de que a literatura infantil é um potente currículo cultural, que disponibiliza diferentes saberes e que mobiliza um interesse particular nas crianças, especialmente através da diversão, fantasia e encantamento oferecidos. Em nossa contingência histórico-social, o discurso feminista tem sido acionado para fundamentar propostas de livros, em gêneros variados, que vêm sendo produzidos e divulgados, para as infâncias, com um viés feminista. Com base nas contribuições dos estudos culturais e dos estudos de gênero, em uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar uma amostra de livros do clube de assinaturas Minha pequena feminista, que reúne e oferta obras selecionadas com a intenção de difundir uma pedagogia outra por meio da literatura infantil. Utilizando elementos metodológicos inspirados na análise do discurso foucaultiana, argumentamos que esses livros constroem uma pedagogia feminista que faz enaltecer ensinamentos de gênero, para as crianças, fora da norma prevalente de gênero, e realçam condutas e performances femininas não hegemônicas. Partimos do princípio de que o gênero é, ao mesmo tempo, uma norma que tenta fixar determinadas posições para homens e mulheres e uma possibilidade para desconstruir essas normas. Nesse sentido, a pedagogia feminista observada nas obras analisadas aciona procedimentos diversos, como a divulgação da enunciação de que meninas (e meninos) podem ser o que quiserem; a apresentação da racionalidade e da emoção como aspectos a serem vividos independente do gênero e o empoderamento de meninas negras, situando-as em posições geralmente não associadas às mulheres.
“EU QUERO USAR, PAPAI!”:
Authors: Passos Vinicius Mascarenhas dos , De Souza Marcos Lopes , Barros Diego Matos Araújo
Published: September 2024

Há alguns anos tem ocorrido uma intensificação de um movimento antigênero que questiona o debate sobre gênero e sexualidade, especialmente, nas infâncias, buscando proibir essas discussões fora do âmbito familiar. Mas, e quando a família transgride as normatizações de gênero? Pensando nisso, analisamos um artefato cultural que repercutiu nas redes sociais, em 2023, ao mostrar um garoto, de quatro anos, muito feliz em usar um vestido da Mulher Maravilha, presenteado pelo pai e pela mãe. O vídeo tem duração de, aproximadamente, 50 segundos, foi publicado em várias páginas do Instagram. Assim sendo, neste trabalho, analisamos as repercussões deste vídeo que mostra o pai e a mãe presenteando o filho com um vestido da Mulher Maravilha. Elencamos como questões norteadoras: Que processos educativos sobre gênero e sexualidade são ensinados pelo artefato cultural? Como são lidas as famílias que questionam a fixidez e binariedade de gênero e reivindicam o desejo de suas(seus) filhas(os)? O discurso da infância como inocência e de que a família estaria induzindo o filho, ao presenteá-lo com uma roupa lida como feminina, esteve presente em vários comentários. Este discurso pauta-se no pensamento cisheteronormativo, no qual, neste caso, entende-se que a família deveria educar para reiterar as masculinidades cisgêneras e não contestá-las. Por subverter as normas, em vários comentários, a família é rechaçada, inclusive pondo em xeque a heterossexualidade do pai. Por outro lado, em outros comentários, há enunciados valorizando a atitude da família em reconhecer o desejo do filho e em não puni-lo ou corrigi-lo.
Clinical approach for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children
Authors: Klubdaeng Anuvat , Tovichien Prakarn
Published: September 2024

In this editorial, we discuss the clinical implications of the article by Zhang et al . Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by excessive surfactant accumulation in the alveoli. It is classified into four categories: Primary, secondary, congenital, and unclassified forms. Primary PAP is caused by the disruption of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor signaling, which is necessary for the clearance of surfactant by alveolar macrophages. It is further divided into autoimmune PAP, caused by anti-GM-CSF antibodies blocking alveolar macrophage activation, and hereditary PAP, resulting from mutations in genes encoding GM-CSF receptors. Secondary PAP develops due to conditions affecting the number or function of alveolar macrophages, such as infections, immunodeficiency, hematological disorders, or exposure to inhaled toxins. Congenital PAP is linked to mutations in genes involved in surfactant protein production. Notably, the causes of PAP differ between children and adults. Diagnostic features include a characteristic "crazy-paving" pattern on high-resolution computed tomography, accompanied by diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening. The presence of PAP can be identified by the milky appearance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histological evaluation. However, these methods cannot definitively determine the cause of PAP. Whole lung lavage remains the standard treatment, often combined with specific therapies based on the underlying cause.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heterotopic pancreas
Authors: Lang Li , Yu Fa-Kun , Kang Li-Min
Published: September 2024

Heterotopic pancreas, a rare congenital malformation, manifests outside the normal pancreas. Research suggests that abnormal embryonic development is linked to the presence of heterotopic pancreas. Three prevailing theories explain its mechanism: Dislocation theory, metaplasia theory, and totipotent stem cell theory. Clinical presentations of heterotopic pancreas are often nonspecific, with most patients being asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during unrelated surgeries or examinations. Endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are commonly employed diagnostic tools for heterotopic pancreas. However, the accuracy of diagnosis based on these methods is not consistently high, necessitating histopathological confirmation in many cases. Treatment options for heterotopic pancreas typically involve endoscopic resection, surgical resection, or observation through follow-up.
Overview of emerging therapies for demyelinating diseases
Authors: Medina Robert , Derias Ann-Marie , Lakdawala Maria , Speakman Skye , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: September 2024

This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system, specifically those caused by demyelination. We explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions, particularly those aimed at inducing remyelination. Remyelination is a detailed process, involving many cell types–oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), astrocytes, and microglia–and both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Our discussion of this process includes the differentiation potential of neural stem cells, the function of adult OPCs, and the impact of molecular mediators on myelin repair. Emerging therapies are also explored, with mechanisms of action including the induction of OPC differentiation, the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, and the use of molecular mediators. Further, we discuss current medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders, including multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Beyond these emerging systemic therapies, we also introduce the dimethyl fumarate/silk fibroin nerve conduit and its potential role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Despite these aforementioned scientific advancements, this paper maintains the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of demyelinating diseases and advance therapeutic strategies that enhance affected patients’ quality of life.
The SAInT study: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial of steroid injection for subacromial pain syndrome using the anterolateral versus posterior approach
Authors: Charalambous Charalambos P. , Hirst John T. , Kwaees Tariq , Lane Suzanne , Taylor Clare , Solanki Nilesh , Maley Alex , Taylor Rebecca , Howell Laura , Nyangoma Stephen , Martin Francis L. , Khan Maqsood , Choudhry Muhammad N. , Shetty Vishwanath , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Steroid injections are used for subacromial pain syndrome and can be administered via the anterolateral or posterior approach to the subacromial space. It is not currently known which approach is superior in terms of improving clinical symptoms and function. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the clinical effectiveness of a steroid injection given via the anterolateral or the posterior approach to the subacromial space.

Methods

The Subacromial Approach Injection Trial (SAInT) study is a single-centre, parallel, two-arm RCT. Participants will be allocated on a 1:1 basis to a subacromial steroid injection via either the anterolateral or the posterior approach to the subacromial space. Participants in both trial arms will then receive physiotherapy as standard of care for subacromial pain syndrome. The primary analysis will compare the change in Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at three months after injection. Secondary outcomes include the change in OSS at six and 12 months, as well as the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (RAND) at three months, six months, and one year after injection. Assessment of pain experienced during the injection will also be determined. A minimum of 86 patients will be recruited to obtain an 80% power to detect a minimally important difference of six points on the OSS change between the groups at three months after injection.

Conclusion

The results of this trial will demonstrate if there is a difference in shoulder pain and function after a subacromial space steroid injection between the anterolateral versus posterior approach in patients with subacromial pain syndrome. This will help to guide treatment for patients with subacromial pain syndrome.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):729–735.
Immobilisation in a collar and cuff with high elbow flexion is a safe and effective treatment option to reduce and immobilise Gartland type II supracondylar fractures
Authors: Yap RY , Bommireddy L , Firth A , Marson BA , Price K , Lawniczak D
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to report the proportion of children requiring subsequent surgical intervention, rate of complications and radiologic outcomes following collar and cuff immobilisation with high elbow flexion (>90°) for Gartland type II supracondylar fractures.

Methods

A retrospective case series of consecutive patients aged <18 years with Gartland type II fractures treated at a level 1 trauma centre from December 2020 to April 2023 was conducted. The need for surgical intervention and complications were recorded from electronic clinical notes. The initial, post-immobilisation and final Baumann's angle and lateral humeral–capitellar angle (LHCA) were measured and compared.

Results

In total, 42 patients were included in this study. Thirty-four were treated definitively in a collar and cuff with a mean elbow flexion of 109.4°. Two patients underwent closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation. No patient required subsequent corrective osteotomy. There were no cases of recorded complications. Immobilisation in a collar and cuff with >90° elbow flexion was associated with a significant improvement in the mean LHCA (initial 80.9° vs final 65.6°, p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the LHCA post immobilisation in a collar and cuff until final radiographic follow-up (post immobilisation 68.3° vs final 65.6°, p=0.274).

Conclusions

Immobilisation in a collar and cuff with high elbow flexion is a safe and effective nonoperative treatment method to reduce and immobilise Gartland type II supracondylar fractures. Surgical treatment could be reserved for cases with unsatisfactory alignment or early loss of reduction following attempted nonoperative treatment.
Plasmonic sensor using generative adversarial networks integration
Authors: Islam Nazrul , Shoaib Hasan Mia Mohammad , Hossain Shibly Imam , Rashid Md. Bajlur , Yousuf Mohammad Abu , Haider Firoz , Ahmmed Aoni Rifat , Ahmed Rajib
Published: September 2024

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a pivotal force in enhancing the capabilities of sensing technologies across a broad spectrum of applications, from environmental monitoring and biosensing to agriculture, industrial automation, and so on. This study explores integrating ML techniques with photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based plasmonic sensing techniques to elevate sensor performance. The PCF has two open channels to augment mode coupling, effectively reducing the gap between the analyte channel and core. Moreover, a thin layer of gold within the open channels of the PCF initiates efficient plasmon generation. The results demonstrate a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 9000 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which can detect a wide range of analyte refractive index (RI) values from 1.33 to 1.40. The sensor exhibits the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 490.41 RIU−1. It also boasts a resolution of 1.11 × 10−5 RIU and the maximum figure-of-merit (FOM) achieved is 138.04 RIU−1 at an analyte RI of 1.39. Furthermore, this research introduces a method utilizing generative adversarial networks (GAN) to expand training data for an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This approach substantially improves the prediction of confinement loss across various analytes and wavelengths in a unique geometric configuration. The sensor’s versatility makes it ideal for various applications, including chemical sensing and medical diagnostics.
Compact intracavity mid-infrared upconversion detector – a systematic study
Authors: Kashak Tyler , Flannigan Liam , Atwi Ali , Poitras Daniel , Xu Chang-qing
Published: September 2024

Mid-IR light detection based on intracavity upconversion using a compact structure has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The mid-IR detector consists of a 47.5 mm MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a resonant cavity of a 1064 nm diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser to enhance efficiency. The generated 1064 nm light is mixed with a mid-infrared source emitting at 3469 nm using an intracavity dichroic mirror. This produces short wave infrared 814.2 nm light via sum frequency generation (SFG). The upconverted light overlaps with the high responsivity for commercial off-the-shelf silicon photodetectors, enabling high speed and high sensitivity detection, surpassing direct mid-infrared detection. The lowest power detected was 150 nW, and the theoretical noise equivalent power for state-of-the-art Si detectors is 1.7⋅fW/Hz. The free-running cavity requires no active stabilization, and the total packaged prototype size is 3.75 × 3.0 × 8.0 cm, which is relatively compact. An experimental power conversion efficiency of up to 36.0% is observed, which agrees well with theoretical simulations. A systematic theoretical study is performed to investigate the potential for further device optimization.
A dystroglycan–laminin–integrin axis coordinates cell shape remodeling in the developing Drosophila retina
Authors: Walther Rhian F. , Lancaster Courtney , Burden Jemima J. , Pichaud Franck
Published: September 2024

Cell shape remodeling is a principal driver of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. While progress continues to be made in our understanding of the pathways that control the apical (top) geometry of epithelial cells, we know comparatively little about those that control cell basal (bottom) geometry. To examine this, we used the Drosophila ommatidium, which is the basic visual unit of the compound eye. The ommatidium is shaped as a hexagonal prism, and generating this 3D structure requires ommatidial cells to adopt specific apical and basal polygonal geometries. Using this model system, we find that generating cell type–specific basal geometries starts with patterning of the basal extracellular matrix, whereby Laminin accumulates at discrete locations across the basal surface of the retina. We find the Dystroglycan receptor complex (DGC) is required for this patterning by promoting localized Laminin accumulation at the basal surface of cells. Moreover, our results reveal that localized accumulation of Laminin and the DGC are required for directing Integrin adhesion. This induces cell basal geometry remodeling by anchoring the basal surface of cells to the extracellular matrix at specific, Laminin-rich locations. We propose that patterning of a basal extracellular matrix by generating discrete Laminin domains can direct Integrin adhesion to induce cell shape remodeling in epithelial morphogenesis.
Selective consistency of recurrent neural networks induced by plasticity as a mechanism of unsupervised perceptual learning
Authors: Goto Yujin , Kitajo Keiichi
Published: September 2024

Understanding the mechanism by which the brain achieves relatively consistent information processing contrary to its inherent inconsistency in activity is one of the major challenges in neuroscience. Recently, it has been reported that the consistency of neural responses to stimuli that are presented repeatedly is enhanced implicitly in an unsupervised way, and results in improved perceptual consistency. Here, we propose the term "selective consistency" to describe this input-dependent consistency and hypothesize that it will be acquired in a self-organizing manner by plasticity within the neural system. To test this, we investigated whether a reservoir-based plastic model could acquire selective consistency to repeated stimuli. We used white noise sequences randomly generated in each trial and referenced white noise sequences presented multiple times. The results showed that the plastic network was capable of acquiring selective consistency rapidly, with as little as five exposures to stimuli, even for white noise. The acquisition of selective consistency could occur independently of performance optimization, as the network’s time-series prediction accuracy for referenced stimuli did not improve with repeated exposure and optimization. Furthermore, the network could only achieve selective consistency when in the region between order and chaos. These findings suggest that the neural system can acquire selective consistency in a self-organizing manner and that this may serve as a mechanism for certain types of learning.
Is heat wave a predictor of diarrhoea in Dhaka, Bangladesh? A time-series analysis in a South Asian tropical monsoon climate
Authors: Haque Farhana , Lampe Fiona C. , Hajat Shakoor , Stavrianaki Katerina , Hasan S. M. Tafsir , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Jubayer Shamim , Kelman Ilan
Published: September 2024

While numerous studies have assessed the association between temperature and diarrhoea in various locations, evidence of relationship between heat wave and diarrhoea is scarce. We defined elevated daily mean and maximum temperature over the 95th and 99th percentiles lasting for at least one day between March to October 1981–2010 as TAV95 and TAV99 and D95 and D99 heat wave, respectively. We investigated the association between heat wave and daily counts of hospitalisations for all-cause diarrhoea in Dhaka, Bangladesh using time series regression analysis employing constrained distributed lag-linear models. Effects were assessed for all ages and children aged under 5 years of age. Diarrhoea hospitalisation increased by 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6%– 8.9%), 8.3% (3.7–13.1), 7.0 (4.8–9.3) and 7.4 (3.1–11.9) in all ages on a TAV95, TAV99, D95 and D99 heat wave day, respectively. These effects were more pronounced for under-5 children with an increase of 13.9% (95% CI: 8.3–19.9), 24.2% (11.3–38.7), 17.0 (11.0–23.5) and 19.5 (7.7–32.6) in diarrhoea hospitalisations on a TAV95, TAV99, D95 and D99 heat wave day, respectively. At lags of 3 days, we noticed a negative association indicating a ‘harvesting’ effect. Our findings suggest that heat wave was a significant risk factor for diarrhoea hospitalisation in Dhaka. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal pathways and identify the preventive measures necessary to mitigate the impacts of heat waves on diarrhoea. Given that no heat wave definitions exist for Dhaka, these results may help to define heat waves for Dhaka and trigger public health interventions including heat alerts to prevent heat-related morbidity in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from raw milk of dairy bovines in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Safir , Hassan Khan Saeed Ul , Ali Tariq , Zeb Muhammad Tariq , Riaz Muhammad Hasnain , Khan Siraj , Goyal Sagar M.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the virulence potential and antibiotic susceptibility analysis of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups, which are significant cause of food borne diseases. A study collected 800 samples of dairy bovine raw milk through various sources, 500 from milk shops, 200 from dairy farms, 26 from milk collection centers, and 74 from street vendors. Using a standard method, E. coli was detected in 321 out of the 800 samples collected. Out of the 321 E. coli-positive samples isolated, 148 were identified as STEC using selective media, specifically Cefixime Tellurite Sorbitol MacConkey’s Agar (CT-SMA). Out of the 148 positive samples, 40 were confirmed as STEC non-O157 strains using multiplex PCR, indicating a prevalence of 5% (40 out of 800 samples). STEC isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and all isolates were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials tested through the disk diffusion method, revealed high resistance to Amoxicillin 100%, Ceftriaxone 50%, and Penicillin 44.5%, and notably 44% of the strains exhibited Streptomycin resistance, while Enrofloxacin 55%, Florfenicol 50% and Norfloxacin 44%, demonstrated the highest susceptibility. Out of 40 STEC non-O157, twelve were subjected to Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) sequencing through Illumina Inc. MiSeq platform’s next-generation sequencing technology, United States. The genome investigation evidenced the persistence of twelve serotypes H4:O82, H30:O9a, H4:O82, H16:O187, H9:O9, H16:O113, H30:O9, H32:O, H32:O, H32, H32, and H38:O187, linked to the potential infections in humans. Conclusion: STEC isolates showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials, raising concerns for both animal and public health due to widespread use of these drugs in treatment and prevention. The study contributes new insights into monitoring STEC in raw milk, emphasizing the critical role of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for genotyping and sequencing diverse isolates. Still a deficiency in understanding STEC pathogenesis mechanisms, ongoing surveillance is crucial for safeguarding human health and enhancing understanding of STEC genetic characteristics.
Mmu-let-7a-5p inhibits macrophage apoptosis by targeting CASP3 to increase bacterial load and facilities mycobacterium survival
Authors: Zhan Xuehua , Yuan Wenqi , Ma Rong , Zhou Yueyong , Xu Guangxian , Ge Zhaohui
Published: September 2024

We have been trying to find a miRNA that can specifically regulate the function of mycobacterial host cells to achieve the purpose of eliminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulation of mmu-let-7a-5p on macrophages apoptosis and its effect on intracellular BCG clearance. After a series of in vitro experiments, we found that mmu-let-7a-5p could negatively regulate the apoptosis of macrophages by targeting Caspase-3. The extrinsic apoptosis signal axis TNFR1/FADD/Caspase-8/Caspase-3 was inhibited after BCG infection. Up-regulated the expression level of mmu-let-7a-5p increase the cell proliferation viability and inhibit apoptosis rate of macrophages, but down-regulated its level could apparently reduce the bacterial load of intracellular Mycobacteria and accelerate the clearance of residual Mycobacteria effectively. Mmu-let-7a-5p has great potential to be utilized as an optimal candidate exosomal loaded miRNA for anti-tuberculosis immunotherapy in our subsequent research.
Cognitive stimulation in activities of daily living for individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia (CS-ADL): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ryan Simone M. , Brady Orla
Published: September 2024

Background

Multi-component CS programs incorporating practice of activities of daily living (ADL) into intervention have reported benefits for ADL outcomes in individuals living with mild-to-moderate dementia. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) within community occupational therapy services in Ireland, is planned to evaluate the effects of CS-ADL, an ADL-focused, multi-component CS program, on ADL outcomes for individuals living with mild-to-moderate dementia.

Method

A single-blind RCT with a calculated sample size of 34 participants has been planned to compare the effects of CS-ADL versus treatment as usual on the outcomes of basic ADLs and instrumental ADLs. Cognition, mood, communication, and quality of life will also be evaluated as secondary outcomes. CS-ADL sessions will run once weekly for a total of seven weeks, lasting approximately two hours each. Outcome data will be collected at baseline, within sessions and post-intervention at week eight. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the data. This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06147479).

Discussion

CS programs are commonly conducted by occupational therapists working with individuals living with mild-to-moderate dementia. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a multi-component CS program delivered through an occupational therapy lens, potentially influencing the approach to CS and ADL interventions undertaken by occupational therapists.
Collateral assessment on magnetic resonance imaging/angiography up to 30 hours after stroke onset
Authors: Tomari Shinya , Lillicrap Thomas , Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Tomari Kashida Yumi , Bivard Andrew , Lin Longting , Levi Christopher R. , Spratt Neil J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We aimed to validate hyperintense vessel sign (HVS) on FLAIR imaging or posterior cerebral artery (PCA) laterality on MR angiography beyond 4.5 hours after stroke onset.

Materials and methods

Data from acute ischemic stroke patients with internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent CT perfusion imaging at baseline, follow-up MR perfusion imaging and angiography within 30 hours after stroke, without effective recanalization on follow-up imaging, were analysed retrospectively. Patients were separately classified as high or low HVS (>5 or ≤5 slices of HVS), and PCA laterality positive or negative group. We compared core and penumbra volumes at follow-up imaging and neurological outcomes between high or low HVS group, and between PCA laterality positive or negative group.

Results

Of 49 patients analyzed, four patients with artifacts were excluded and 45 were classified into high (n = 23) or low (n = 22) HVS group. High group had a smaller core volume (median 32 ml versus 109 ml, p = 0.004), larger penumbra volume at follow-up (68 ml versus 0 ml, p = 0.001), and better outcomes (modified Rankin Scale at three months, 3 versus 5, p = 0.03). For PCA laterality analysis, 1 patient with previously occluded PCA was excluded and 48 patients were classified as positive (n = 22) or negative (n = 26). Positive group had larger core volume (116 ml versus 37 ml), and no significant differences in penumbral volumes or outcomes.

Conclusion

Prominent HVS in later time was associated with small core volume, persistent penumbra volume and favorable outcomes.