bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Social Value of Community-Based Health Promotion Group Interventions for Older Adults: Analysis Using Social Return on Investment (SROI)
Authors:   The Korean Society of Occupational Therapy, Shin Ji-Won , Yang Hyun , Park Hae Yean
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the social benefits generated by community-based health promotion group interventions for older adults in comparison to their costs. Methods: Three community-based health promotion group intervention studies conducted in Wonju city were analyzed. Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis was performed based on guidelines from previous studies. Results: The results showed that all group intervention programs for older adults generated high social value relative to their costs. Moreover, significant social value was created for participating researchers who designed and delivered the interventions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of applying SROI methodology for developing and evaluating health promotion group intervention programs for older adults. Future research should focus on developing objective measures and indicators to evaluate the social value of interventions across occupational therapy, healthcare, and social welfare sectors.
Influence of post-vegetative foliar application of nitrogen and selenium on micrometeorological parameters, phenology, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Satwinder , Singh Jayesh , Kalia Anu , Preet Aman , Anju Bala  , Gupta Rajeev Kumar
Published: November 2024

Excessive and continuous use of commercial-grade fertilizers in large quantities during the post-Green Revolution era has led to significant environmental impacts, besides escalating the cost of production in staple crops. Such over-reliance on chemical fertilizers in intensive agriculture and a limited focus on balanced nutrient management have led to an increase in micronutrient deficiency in the sub-tropical part of India. This micronutrient deficiency leads to stunted growth, poor flowering, and reduced grain and fruit formation, directly impacting overall crop productivity. Hence, the introduction of nano form of fertilizers and integration of them with bulk/commercial form will help in improving the nutrient use efficiency, reduce production costs vis-a-vis enhancement in the plant growth, and yield more effectively than the traditional fertilizers. Proper nutrient management promotes healthy development at each stage, from seedling establishment to maturation and ripening, ensuring optimal yields and quality. Hence, fertilization directly and profoundly impacts the phonological stages of the crops. In this respect, a field experiment was conducted at Ludhiana and Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India, during the rabi season of 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and 11 treatments. Besides an absolute control where no fertilizer was applied (T1), ten other treatments were commonly fertilized with the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), i.e., 125 kg N and 62.5 kg P2O5 ha-1). The treatment varied in applying bulk and nano N (6% urea) and Se (15 ppm) at reproductive phases. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) score and chlorophyll index improved with foliar spray of both bulk and nano urea forms alone or in combination with Se (bulk or nano). The effect of foliar sprays of urea and selenium, either in bulk or nano form, alone or in combination, was insignificant. The reproductive stages, viz. heading, grain filling, and physiological maturity, are prolonged with late season spray of 6% bulk or nano urea alone or in addition to bulk or nano selenium. Maximum days to grain filling was in a foliar spray of nano urea 6% along with nano selenium 15 ppm, further leading to higher grain and biological yield.
Response of transient soil waterlogging on shoot growth pattern and root architecture of finger millet and barnyard millet seedlings
Authors: Sherpa D , Kumar S , Mishra S
Published: November 2024

Millets, as key crops in semi-arid and arid tropical regions, are gaining recognition for their nutritional benefits and resilience to challenging conditions. Finger millet and barnyard millet, in particular, stand out for their nutrient profiles and adaptability. However, research on their response to waterlogging, a major abiotic stress, remains limited. This study aimed to examine the immediate response of finger millet and barnyard millet seedlings to transient waterlogging conditions, focusing on their growth patterns and changes in root architecture to understand their morpho-physiological adaptive strategy. Seedlings were subjected to varying durations of waterlogging: control, 48, 74, and 120 hours to assess parameters such as shoot and root characteristics, leaf growth, and tolerance indices. Results showed a decrease in root length and an increase in shoot length with prolonged waterlogging. Root and shoot biomass, along with seedling dry weight, rose as waterlogging durations increased. Significant increases were observed in root surface area, volume, and the number of root tips and forks. Leaf area initially expanded but declined after 72 hours of waterlogging, accompanied by changes in specific leaf area and chlorophyll concentration. Tolerance indices, such as root-to-shoot ratio, decreased under waterlogging conditions, with finger millet exhibiting higher tolerance than barnyard millet. These findings provide insights into the adaptive strategies of millets under waterlogging, which is valuable for crop management and breeding for enhanced stress tolerance.
Simulation-based optimization of decision-making process in railway nodes
Authors: Galadíková Andrea , Adamko Norbert
Published: November 2024

Smooth operation of railway stations and yards is vital for the efficient functioning of the whole railway system. Being complex systems, their operation is extremely sensitive to various influences, which makes their management, especially at the operational level, very difficult. Efficient tools to aid the decision-making process of dispatchers of such stations are therefore needed. With an emphasis on increasing the effectiveness of decision support tools, we propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm. This algorithm extracts a dataset from a simulation model and then reduces it to a partial dataset to be able to use specific exact optimization method in operational management. The partial dataset is limited by certain time horizon. The applicability of the proposed algorithm has been verified on two distinct tasks, namely, personnel assignment and service task assignment in a maintenance depot, confirming the usability of the proposed approach.
Experimental investigation of flexural strength and plane strain fracture toughness of carbon/silk fabric epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Madhavi Polepalli , Chandra Shekar Kaspa , Narender Gorentla , Harinatha Reddy Maddika , Jaya Prakash Kode , Varalakshmi Machireddy Venkata , Udaya Bhaskar Sape
Published: November 2024

Comparing polymer matrix composites with conventional composites, such as continuous fiber-reinforced composites, shows a considerable increase in strength and fracture toughness. In this study, compression molding was used to create hybrid (carbon and silk fabric-reinforced) and carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using a hand layup process. This article discusses the evaluated flexural strength (FS) and plane strain Mode-I fracture toughness of composite materials. The impact of carbon fabric reinforcement on the fracture toughness of these composites was assessed using the obtained results. It was found that the addition of silk fabric reinforcement decreased the hybrid composite’s plane strain Mode-I fracture toughness. Fracture toughness and FS are higher in carbon fabric-reinforced composite than in hybrid composite.
Mathematical model based on nonlinear differential equations and its control algorithm
Authors: Yuan Xiaohua
Published: November 2024

A practical examination of the traditional robotic arm (RA) in operation revealed a significant limitation in its ability to control the position of motion. This underscores the urgent need to enhance the current RA’s position control capabilities. Therefore, this study proposes the use of nonlinear differential equations (NDEs) to establish a mathematical model and the design of NDE-based RA motion control algorithms in conjunction with a central pattern generator neural network. A comparison of the control effects showed that the proposed method was highly fitted to the target trajectory. The joint node (JN) motion tracking trajectories of the three RAs were similar, up to 90–85% to the target trajectories of the JNs. In addition, the control of the motion position was similar up to 95–98% to the target motion position trajectories. The motion control algorithm based on NDEs was effective in improving the average execution time of the Pareto optimal frontier of the RA by 58.29%. The joint velocity and angle changes of the three types of RAs under the NDE control algorithm exhibited a high degree of similarity to the fluctuations observed in the expected and predicted curves. These observations contribute to an understanding of the effectiveness of the system observer in observing the joint angle changes. This indicates that the motion control based on NDEs can effectively enhance the tracking effectiveness of the JN positions of the RA, improve the control ability of the RA motion, and increase the joint stability of the RA.
The Role of Healthcare Conversion Foundations in Investing in Population Health
Authors: Balio Casey P. , Galler Nicole , Meit Michael B.
Published: November 2024

Healthcare conversion foundations (CF) are charitable entities with endowments of varying sizes that are created as the result of a sale of a hospital or health system. Limited current research focuses on the impacts of CF grant-making and philanthropy within the communities they serve. In this study, we use a panel analysis of CF financial information from 2011 to 2021 to characterize CF investments by geography, and as compared to required tax-exempt hospital community benefit spending. Of the 51 foundations included in the analysis, CFs invested over $382 million into the communities they served through contributions, gifts, and grants in fiscal year 2021 alone. On average, CFs invested $20.21 per-capita on contributions, gifts, and grants in their communities, with CFs that serve non-metropolitan areas investing significantly more per-capita than those that serve only metropolitan areas ($32.97 vs $10.09, respectively), although non-metropolitan CFs may represent a larger proportion of overall community charitable investment as compared to metropolitan CFs within a given community. In conjunction with prior evidence, findings from the current study suggest that CF investments in the communities they serve appear to be on a similar scale as community benefit spending of tax-exempt hospitals, although there is significant heterogeneity in spending across both CFs and tax-exempt hospitals. Further understanding of the impacts of conversion foundations within the communities they serve and how they may change over time in response to changing communities, health care context, and regulations is important to understanding the scope and impact of philanthropic funding for population health.
Adoption of Cloud Computing in Academic Libraries in Lagos and Ogun States
Authors: Mabawonku Temitope Oluwabunmi , Babatope Joshua , Anyanwu Pauline Chidimma , Akintunde Ebunoluwa Boluwatife
Published: November 2024

This study explored the adoption of cloud computing in selected academic libraries. A survey research design was used for the study. A sample size of 152 was randomly selected from 250 academic librarians and library officers for the study. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation). The study found that library personnel are aware of cloud computing technology which could enhance effective implementation of the technology in the libraries in Lagos and Ogun States. Furthermore, cloud computing technology was adopted for the purpose of collaboration among staff and users, accessibility, storage digital resources etc. The study revealed a significant number of challenges to adopting cloud computing, such as lack of financial resources, concern for data security, lack of in-house experts, and, most importantly, staff resistance to change. The study recommended that library management address the lack of in-house experts and improve internet connectivity to ensure effective implementation of cloud computing technology.
Lawmaking in the field of criminal law: towards the problem of understanding
Authors: Shevchuk O.A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the understanding of the concept of lawmaking in the field of criminal law of Ukraine. The author establishes that such lawmaking should be primarily based on the general theoretical concept of the relevant concept. The author determines the correlation between rulemaking and lawmaking. Rulemaking is inherent mainly in the activities of individual bodies of the State, and lawmaking is the activity of the State as a whole, as well as of all its competent bodies. Rulemaking is a broader concept than lawmaking, which is a type of rulemaking and is the final stage of the formation of legal norms - lawmaking, in the process of which legal ideas for the regulation of social relations are embodied in the modern legal reality in the form of normative legal documents adopted by the state. The main criterion for distinguishing between the concepts of “rulemaking” and “lawmaking” is the end result of each of these processes: for lawmaking, the result of its implementation is the emergence of legal norms, and the end result of rulemaking is the adoption of regulatory legal acts. The author establishes that law-making in the field of criminal law is characterized by specific features which reflect the specifics of the criminal law regulation mechanism and determine its focus. The purpose of law-making in the field of criminal law is to realize the possibilities of criminal law policy through special legislative techniques of constructing criminal law prohibitions, and this is realized by achieving the following main tasks 1) theoretical modeling of future criminal law provisions, which can be carried out both at the level of doctrinal knowledge and in the course of rulemaking in the field of criminal law; 2) construction of criminal law provisions in compliance with the rules and requirements for the legislative process in Ukraine; 3) use of the created models in the mechanism of criminal law regulation; 4) development of optimal options for optimization and modernization of a criminal law provision with due regard for possible changes in criminal law policy.
To the question about the peculiarities of the methodology of the theoretical and legal analysis of the Regulation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
Authors: Linetskyi S.V.
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the existing methodological approaches to understanding the legal nature of the Regulation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, their criticism from the standpoint of post-positivist scientific methodology, and the construction of an optimal approach on this basis, within the framework of which it seems possible to comprehensively understand and adequately reflect the main legal characteristics of the specified legislative act, in the unity of its phenomenological, normative, functional and axiological elements. The opinion is substantiated that the application of a number of general philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods to the study of the legal nature of the Regulation as a special codification act, designed to systematize the legislative regulation of parliamentary procedures, allows to characterize its legal nature and place in the system of national legislation in various ways, significantly supplementing traditional scientific data, after reviewing some conclusions, and updating the content of scientific knowledge about the Regulation and its legal features. It was found that, taking into account the current state of domestic jurisprudence, the post-positivist methodological paradigm, centered around anthropological, phenomenological and axiological approaches, which pays more attention to the development and implementation of the latest legal technologies of rulemaking and law enforcement, is the optimal scientific toolkit for learning the legal nature of the Regulation and also draws attention to the understanding of the sociological and legal aspects of legislative policy, the interaction of the parliament and the public regarding the implementation of key elements of this policy, strengthening the flexibility and stability of regulatory procedures, their early updating and adaptation to the changing conditions of political and legal reality. Emphasis is placed on the fact that such a methodological paradigm is able to provide not a mechanistic, but a dialectical combination of such scientific techniques and ways of analyzing the Regulation, which would take into account the latest developments in the field of development and modernization of modern models of parliamentarism, allow an open and non-committed view of the trends of the parliamentary process, and also contributed to the formation of the modern doctrine of the Regulations based on the preservation of rational elements of the regulatory regulation of parliamentary procedures and the adaptation of domestic parliamentarism to the best European parliamentary legal traditions, values ​​and practices.
Fulfillment of the duty & right to protect the Fatherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine as a circumstance that excludes criminal wrongdoing
Authors: Kvasha O.O.
Published: November 2024

Until 2022, the right of a person to self-defense of the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine was not considered as an independent circumstance in the system of circumstances that exclude the criminal illegality of the act. 15.03.2022 Section VIII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is supplemented by Article 43-1 «Fulfillment of the duty to protect the Fatherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine». There is a contradiction between the title of Article 43-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and its content. The title of the article refers to the «duty» to protect the Fatherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and the content - to the «right» to such actions.Conditions of legality of this circumstance: the basis - armed aggression of the Russian Federation or aggression of other country; the nature of the act − action or inaction aimed at repelling and deterring armed aggression by the Russian Federation or the aggression of another country; situation - an act committed under martial law or during an armed conflict; the direction of harm - the life or health of the person committing such aggression, or law enforcement interests; limits of harm - without signs of torture or use of means of warfare prohibited by international law, other violations of laws and customs of war provided by international treaties, the binding nature of which has been approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine; Proportionality of harm - must be commensurate with the danger of aggression or the situation of repulsion and deterrence, be necessary to achieve a significant socially useful goal in a particular situation and not endanger the lives of others or the threat of environmental catastrophe or other major emergencies.In Art. 43-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine there are signs of other circumstances that exclude the criminal illegality of the act - the necessary defense (Article 36) and justified risk (Article 42). The right to defend the Fatherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine is a special kind of necessary defense.
Administrative services in the legal system of Ukraine
Authors: Petrovska I.I.
Published: November 2024

The article is devotes to the characteristics of the place of administrative services among the relations of legal regulation.It describes the relationship between administrative services and services and the common features of all legal relations for the provision of services. It also describes the features of administrative services, which can be distinguished from other public services.Administrative services are a type of public services, the result of the exercise of power of the subject of their provision at the request of an individuals or organizations, aimed at acquiring, changing or terminating the rights and/or obligations of the applicant in accordance with law.Public services is a type of services that provide of public authorities (state and local governments) and/or at the expense of public funds (state or local budgets) in legal system.The Institute of Administrative Services is part of the Administrative Law of Ukraine as a public, fundamental branch of law, which has a modern subject of study the public administration.Administrative services are endowed with the properties and characteristics of services and public services, but have specific features that allow them to be identified. This are, first, the subject of the provision of administrative services is an employee of the public administration whose powers specify the obligation to provide them; secondly, the procedure for their provision is subject to the Law of Ukraine “On Administrative Services”.Among the types of administrative services are state and municipal; permits, registration, social protection.Permitting administrative services are the issuance of permits, licenses, coordination of routes, etc. Registration administrative services are related to entering information in official public registers / cadastres. Social protection administrative services are the receipt of special administrative and legal statuses that provide the right to payments, compensations, benefits, advantages, etc.In modern conditions, information technologies based on the principle of e-government are actively used in the provision of administrative services.
Legal regulation of relations related to the annulment of marriage
Authors: Zaika Y.O.
Published: November 2024

The article considers the main scientific approaches to understanding the legal nature of the institution of annulment of marriage, analyzes the circumstances associated with the annulment of marriage and its relative negligence, the legal consequences of annulment of marriage under ukrainian law.Depending on the nature of the violation of the conditions of marriage, three legal models of annulment of marriage which are provided by family law are analyzed: a) a marriage that is completely invalid; b) marriage, the invalidity of which is recognized by the court; c) a marriage that the court may declare invalid. Their features are revealed, common and distinctive features are defined.The architectonics of the institute of annulment of marriage have been clarified and the necessity of revision of its separate components is substantiated, in particular, the marriage in which the spouse hid a serious illness, as well as a disease dangerous to the other spouse or their descendants. A new view on the legal status of a person who has concealed suffering from a serious illness is proposed, and the social unfoundedness of severe civil sanctions against him it proved. A way to protect the rights and interests of the other spouse in such circumstances may be to give him or her the right to divorce in a simplified manner.A critical assessment of the scientific position on the possibility of annulment of marriage entered into as a result of deception is provided. There is a need in such cases to cancel the marriage registration record as an event that does not correspond to the state of affairs. Arguments are given for the lack of grounds to invalidate a marriage between persons of the same sex. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of fictitious marriage in the conditions of declared martial law in Ukraine.The negative consequences that occur for individuals when marriage is declared invalid in the field of family, civil, housing, insurance, tax, labor, inheritance legal relations, are clarified.The privileges of a couple who did not know about the obstacles to marriage and did not violate family law were studied.In order to eliminate the conflict between acts of civil law of different legal force, amendments to Article 34 of the Family Code of Ukraine are proposed.
Scientific and practical analysis of current regulations, judicial practice and legislative initiatives in the field of compensation for property damage caused by damage to real estate as a result of armed aggression of the Russian Federation
Authors: Makhinchuk V.M.
Published: November 2024

The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which began on February 26th, 2022, has already raised a lot of questions about the grounds for the procedure and methods of compensation (retribution) for property damage caused by the Russian Federation as a result of military aggression. Let’s analyze what prospects we have today regarding the possibility of implementation of such an opportunity.The main aim of the article is to show and to stress that the present Ukrainian juridical compensation mechanisms (especially civil law regulation) are not proper to the case of Russian war aggression.The biggest part of data in this article were used due to analysis and comparison of two situation; the compensation for property damage caused by damage to real estate as a result of armed aggression of the Russian Federation in 2022 and period of ORDLO (Russian aggression in Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts in 2014).The conclusions are made in this article shows that for Ukrainian residents, which are affected from the Russian war aggression, especially whom property were damaged or ruined by the Russian Federation as a result of military aggression, are not for now provided by effective juridical compensation mechanisms to cover losses caused by armed aggression of the Russian Federation in 2022. Solution to the problem mentioned above is should be adoption the special complex law. Such law should determine and provide the grounds, subjects whose property is compensated and the procedure for seizure and reversal of this property in favor of Ukrainian residents who have suffered property damage. Some drafts of such law are debated in Ukrainian Parliament already.
Civil liability for medical error
Authors: Mendelia O.O.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the research of the grounds for bringing a medical worker to civil liability for a mistake made during the provision of medical care (services) to a patient.The structural elements of insurance risk are considered in the contract of civil liability insurance of health care institutions, where the mistake made by a medical worker during the provision of medical care (services) to a patient is a source of insurance risk, an event that causes negative health consequences or the patient’s life and, accordingly, is subject to insurance coverage in the above insurance contract.It has been proven that medical malpractice, as a basis for payment of insurance indemnity by the insurer to the victim, is characterized by unsuccessful processes that are clearly associated with adverse consequences for the health or life of the patient in connection with the latter’s medical care. In this case, this error is such only in the presence of inconsistency of actual decision, actions (inaction) of the nurse to the established standards of medical care in each case, provided there are no grounds for reasonable for establishing the validity of the deviation of the medical worker from the established standards of medical care must find its own clear regulations of medical care must find its own clear regulations to avoid unjustified reference to him as a basis for exemption from legal liability of the perpetrator. The concept of medical error is clarified, which is proposed to mean the negligent infliction of harm to the life or health of a patient during the performance of his professional duties, in the absence of adequate (necessary and sufficient) application of special knowledge and skills, as well justified risk in each case. It is assumed that the justification of the risk, as a condition for the release of a medical worker from liability, should be established by the court on the basis of a forensic examination. It has been established that medical error is characterized by negligent harm to the health or life of a patient by a healthcare professional, and therefore intent, as one of the forms of guilt in civil law, excludes error as such; only fault in the form of negligence is the basis for insurance indemnity. Carelessness in these legal relations is manifested in the form of careless attitude of the medical worker to the potential risk or his negligence in relation to the latter.
Invalidation of decisions of the general meeting of participants of LLC
Authors: Sishchuk L.V.
Published: November 2024

The article considers the grounds for invalidating the decisions of the general meeting of participants of the limited liability company. It is determined that the normative regulation of the concept, grounds for invalidity and legal consequences of invalidity of the decision of the general meeting of participants of the LLC is absent. Based on the analysis of case law, it is established that the decision of the general meeting of participants of the LLC is an act of non-normative nature (act of individual action) aimed at the occurrence of legal consequences for participants in corporate relations, therefore, such decisions are neither unilateral transactions nor agreements.The general and unconditional grounds for recognizing the decisions of the general meeting of participants of the LLC as invalid are considered. It is established that in order to satisfy the claim of the participant of the LLC to declare the decision of the general meeting invalid, it is necessary to establish the fact of violation of corporate rights and interests of the participant and clarify compliance with the procedure for convening and holding general meetings.Based on the analysis of the norms of the Law of Ukraine «On Limited and Additional Liability Companies» it is determined that the unconditional grounds for recognizing the decisions of the general meeting of participants of the LLC as invalid are: 1) making decisions of the general meeting in the absence of an adequate number of votes of the company’s participants who have the right to vote on relevant issues (Part 2 of Article 34); 2) making decisions of the general meeting of participants of the company by polling on those issues on which the law or the statute prohibits to make decisions in this way (Article 36); 3) decision-making by the general meeting on issues not included in the agenda, for consideration of which the consent of all participants of the company was not obtained, who should have unanimously agreed to consider such issues (Part 5 of Article 33); 4) the absence of the minutes of the general meeting of participants of the LLC, signed by the chairman of the meeting or another person authorized by the meeting (Part 4 of Article 33). However, there are no court generalizations on the above grounds for recognizing the decisions of the general meeting of participants of the LLC as invalid.
The principle of independence of judges and their subjection of their law only in the civil judiciary of Ukraine
Authors: Shtefan O.O.
Published: November 2024

The processes of reforming both the judiciary and procedural law, as well as the development of society have a direct impact on the evolution of understanding of the principles of civil procedural law and their meaning and system. As you know, general legal principles are concretized and specialized, ie receive their development in the fields of law, while they retain their system and properties, taking into account the subject and method of a particular industry, as well as the impact of each of the principles on social relations. Civil procedural law as a branch of national law is not an exception to this rule, ie the principles of civil procedural law are part of the principles of national law.In this article, the principle of independence of judges and their subordination only to the law is considered as a constitutional, intersectoral, organizational principle of civil procedural law, which has a normative consolidation at both national and international levels of legal regulation.The principle of independence of judges and their obedience only to the law consists of two interrelated elements-rules: one of them says that a judge is independent in the administration of justice, and the other orders all judges that they must obey only the law in the administration of justice.The implementation of the principle of independence of judges and their submission only to the law is provided by a number of guarantees, which include political, economic, ideological, organizational, legal and procedural.Guarantees of realization of the principle of independence of judges and their submission only to the law are directed on the one hand on creation of necessary conditions for normal functioning of judicial system, and on the other - can be considered as ways and legal means of realization of this principle. That is why this principle is enshrined in norms of national legislation, the implementation of the principle is ensured by legal guarantees and protection mechanisms, receiving its implementation in the direct law enforcement activities of the court, which together meets European standards of justice.
War crimes as a form of human rights violations
Authors: Shevchuk A.V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of war crimes as a form of human rights violations. The main features of war crimes and responsibility for their commission are allocated. Like crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, war crimes are committed with a deliberate form of guilt. Most of these criminal acts are committed with direct intent (dolus directus). Features of the objective side of war crimes cause the presence of such a sign as a special subject. To determine the contextual element of war crimes, that is, to establish the connection of these criminal acts with an armed conflict of an international or non-international nature, it is necessary to determine the nature of the relevant armed conflict and to refer to the norms of international humanitarian law, which is subsidiary in nature, since the International Criminal Court primarily applies the Rome Statute, Elements of crimes, as well as the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. The Rome Statute enshrines more “lenient” norms regarding responsibility for war crimes compared to the crime of genocide and crimes against humanity. This is due to the following factors: a significant number of war crimes, and therefore these acts may not be known in full to ordinary combatants, and their criminal nature may not be obvious to them; features of the psychology of participants in an armed conflict who fall into a situation of “legalized murder”, which quite often does not allow separating the legal means and methods of warfare from illegal ones.
Information and information security in the light of criminal law protection
Authors: Solodzhuk V.V.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the understanding of information security and information in the context of their criminal law protection. The development of the understanding of information security in the doctrine of criminal law and related branches of law, as well as in other social sciences, is analyzed. In addition, the way of changing the understanding of information security in domestic legislation is defined according to the existing tendency to expand its content from a narrow, simplest understanding as technical protection of information to a complex branched system of characteristics. It has been established that the fundamental change in the role of information that takes place in modern society, when it becomes the main resource in the economy, without it the political, cultural, and private life of a person is impossible, leads to the fact that there is a need for a regulatory and legal reflection of such changes, because without proper regulation of information rights and freedoms of a person, in the absence of a high level of their protection, an effective mechanism for the implementation of information relations becomes impossible. Undoubtedly, one of the most important components of such a mechanism is the criminal law protection of information, because the direction, intensity of development and effectiveness of all social relations will depend on it. Recognizing information as the subject of a criminal offense is considered correct on the basis that it is always transmitted using appropriate media, it can be seen, heard, and felt; information can be changed, destroyed, blocked, distorted, copied, appropriated, distributed, etc.
Cultura ciudadana para la resolución pacífica de conflictos saberes y prácticas que la fortalecen
Authors: Martínez Romero Emma Lucía
Published: November 2024

This article shows us the systematization from the initiative of the Cátedra de Paz implemented in Institución Educativa Técnica Agropecuaria de Desarrollo Rural (IETAD) which appears in a context facing issues as a result of the emeralds war and the drug trafficking in west Boyacá. The objectives aimed to establish which were the knowledge and the pedagogic practices that let us reinforce the citizen culture to improve the peaceful resolution of conflict. A qualitative focus was developed methodologically by means of a systematic design of experiences, acknowledging teachers, parents and students and their practices throughout semi-structured interviews and the social pedagogic cartography. As a result, three lines were approached. A) Civil culture contexts divided because of the culture of illegality, the justice taken into people’s own hands and the rising of families into dysfunctional environments. B) The knowledge: Transcendence and recognition of the law, the values, the due process and the social views. C). Practices: There is a contrast among the good examples vs dysfunctional environments, the sanctions, pedagogic strategies. As conclusions, contrary to violence, moral judgment and the resignification of peasant culture stand out. The emotions evidenced difficulties and also ways to promote the struggle for the revindication and guaranties of rights, the relevancy of the care and their projection. The view from the context and their practice to generate a reflection and the possibility to orient actions to contribute to dignity and the construction of social tissue, especially in the post-conflict transition.
Perspectivas universalistas y relativistas de la lectura y la escritura en dos casos en Colombia: una mirada antropológica
Authors: Rudas-Burgos Daniel , Castiblanco Andrey
Published: November 2024

Based on a description of a selection of ethnographical cases, this article states that there are two perspectives for understanding literacy as a social practice: Universalistic and relativistic. Universalistic perspective assumes that literacy has by itself cognitive and cultural effects, and that it is possible to generalize its forms, taking as a starting point the Western tradition. In contrast, relativistic perspective assumes that literacy acquires its meaning in connection with local contexts, and its forms depend on particular events. In this paper, both perspectives are used for interpreting two cases observed in Colombia: First, an adult literacy program in El Codito (a peripheral neighborhood in Bogota) in which the curriculum was adapted to the relativistic perspective; second, a reading club for young people in Guatavita (a village close to the same city) based on dialogical and critical pedagogies. At the end, it is argued that universalistic and relativistic perspectives coexist in both of the observed cases.
Rin Rin y Chanchito. La dimensión de sus imágenes. Dos revistas infantiles de ideologías antagónicas publicadas durante la década de los treinta en Colombia
Authors: Peters Rada Victoria Eugenia , Trujillo Acosta Milena
Published: November 2024

Chanchito. Illustrated magazine for children (1933-1934) and Rin Rin. Children's magazine of the Ministry of Education (1935-1939), children’s magazines of Colombia, spread the love for motherland in the hearts of children and shared the renewed educational spirit of the New School pedagogies. Although there was not a great time difference between the publications, Chanchito and Rin Rin as political devices disseminated in their pages dissimilar models of citizenship. Chanchito, a private magazine for urban children headed by Victor Caro, believed that the family and the church were educational institutions to train the future citizen with traditional, devout and obedient values. Rin Rin, as school material for public schools of the Ministry of Education, had the objective of constructing a type of modern citizen for democracy through a school-mediated education according to the political principles of the State promoted by Alfonso López Pumarejo and his “Marching Revolution” (1934-1938). The major differences on the model of child and citizen between both magazines were transmitted through the images. In Chanchito the children are white and their clothes reminisce to the traditional European costumes; the girl, and future mother, is selfless. In Rin Rin there is a local multi-ethnic catalog, sometimes the clothes refer to the regional reality, sometimes to the new modern European fashions; girls and women are free and literate beings. The battle to shape the citizen model from antagonistic angles was the cause of fierce belligerence.
Comunicación y deporte: un campo integrador para el análisis del fenómeno deportivo
Authors: Angulo Rincón Lizandro
Published: November 2024

As an objective this ‘state of the art’ article will identify the fundamentals and lines of research of the field of communication and sports, starting from the revision of studies and reflections carried out by some social and human science disciplines, including communication and journalism. As methodology it is applied the documentary or secondary research method, within the qualitative approach, in order to examine 81 bibliographical references. The results and discussion part is about how the documents revision was done, which allowed: 1) to point out the subjects from social and human sciences which have studied sports the most, and to determine the contribution they have made to the creation and development of the field of communication and sports; 2) to identify four great lines of research (sport community, sport and identity, sportive relationships, and future sport) with which it is possible to carry out an integrative analysis of the sports phenomena; 3) to identify which are some of the main academic studies in Latin America, Europe, North America, and Oceania (Australia specially) which represent and establish the field of commutation and sports
La memoria como eje de cambio social en la escuela
Authors: Valencia Murillo Angélica María
Published: November 2024

This review article corresponds to the definition and relationship that exists between memory and history, contemplating the postulates of several authors who understand the places in which it has been enrolled and the recognition of the specific characteristics of individual and collective memory. Memory has been a line of work that aims for social change and the construction of the historical memory, as well as the conceptual and pragmatic appropriation of a history of the memories, because it is necessary that education dignifies identities and strengthen efforts ofknowledge about the actual events that have transpired in the course of history
El conflicto, la guerra y la paz. Una aproximación desde la perspectiva del realismo político en Nicolás Maquiavelo
Authors: Londoño Villegas Víctor Alfonso
Published: November 2024

The present work has the main objective to present a general reflection about the Machiavelli’s perspectives in relation with conflict, war and peace inside the political context. Following the consequences of the perspectives in The Prince and The Discourses, I’ll show the different features from political realism through the impossibility of peace, the evil’s manifestation and the corruption, the war permanence and the political overcoming from inner conflicts through the substance, the strength and the laws.
ЭТАПЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ И ВНЕДРЕНИЯ МЕХАНОХИМИЧЕСКИХ И АВТОКЛАВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
Authors: Ю.Д. КАМИНСКИЙ , Н.З. ЛЯХОВ
Published: November 2024

В работе рассмотрены этапы разработки и практическое применение механоактивационных, механохимических и автоклавных технологий с целью повышения эффективности промышленных химико-технологических процессов. Показано развитие технологий переработки сырья из редких металлов и продуктов, содержащих благородные металлы, параллельно сопровождающееся разработкой технологического механоактивационного и автоклавного оборудования. Разработанные процессы и оборудование освоены в действующих технологических схемах и переданы для эксплуатации на промышленные предприятия.

The stages of development and application of mechanical activation, mechanochemical and autoclave-based technologies for the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of industrial chemical and technological processes are considered. The development of technologies for processing rare metal raw materials and products containing precious metals is shown, accompanied in parallel by the development of technological equipment based on mechanical activation and autoclave treatment. The developed processes and equipment were assimilated into actual technological charts and transferred for operation at industrial enterprises.