bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Encryption Techniques in Healthcare IoT: Securing Patient Data in Connected Medical Devices
Authors: Vishwasrao Salunkhe  , Abhishek Tangudu  , Chandrasekhara Mokkapati  , Prof.(Dr.) Punit Goel  , Anshika Aggarwal
Published: September 2024

As a result of the fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the healthcare sector has undergone a transformation. This transformation has been brought about by the deployment of linked medical devices that provide immediate monitoring and data collecting. Despite the fact that these innovations promise to bring about considerable gains in patient care and operational efficiency, they also bring about major security issues, especially with regard to the protection of personally identifiable information about patients. Within the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem for healthcare, this study investigates sophisticated encryption approaches that are aimed to protect patient data stored in linked medical equipment. One of the first things that the research does is investigate the specific security needs and risks that are linked with Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the healthcare industry. These include concerns around data privacy, integrity, and authentication. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) are some of the encryption standards and protocols that are often used in the process of protecting Internet of Things (IoT) connections. This article presents a complete examination of these encryption standards and protocols. Following that, it digs into sophisticated encryption approaches that are especially targeted to the limits and needs of healthcare IoT systems. These techniques include lightweight cryptographic algorithms, key management strategies, and secure multi-party computing (MPC) frameworks.
Cross-Chain NFT Marketplaces with Layer Zero and Chain link
Authors: Rahul Arulkumaran,  , Pattabi Rama Rao Thumati  , Pavan Kanchi  , Lagan Goel  , Prof.(Dr.) Arpit Jain
Published: September 2024

The introduction of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has revolutionised digital ownership and asset management in the quickly changing environment of blockchain technology. NFTs are a kind of token that cannot be exchanged for another token. On the other hand, as the market for NFTs continues to grow, customers are becoming more and more interested in interoperability across various blockchain networks. Cross-chain non-fungible token markets have been developed as a result of this necessity. These marketplaces make it possible for different blockchain ecosystems to engage in transactions and interactions with one another. LayerZero and Chainlink are two technologies that are very significant in addressing the difficulty of interoperability across different chains.
AN ANALYSIS OF PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA (PMFBY): A CASE STUDY OF DAKSHINA KANNADA
Authors: Mr. Prasad Kumar  , Dr. Suresh Babu
Published: September 2024

The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): a case study of Dakshina Kannada. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), launched by the Indian government in 2016, represents a significant intervention aimed at providing wide-ranging crop insurance to farmers against non-preventable natural risks, thus stabilizing the income of the agriculture sector and encouraging farmers towards innovative farming practices. The objectives of the study are to know about the status of PMFBY at the national and state levels and to suggest policy measures to cover a larger number of agriculturalists under PMFBY. The present study is based on secondary source of data and the scope of the study is to motivate farmers to implement cutting-edge and contemporary farming techniques. The study covered only the position of the PMFBY at the national, state, and Dakshina Kannada levels for small and medium farmers and agriculturalists.
KEY WORDS: Farmers, Agricultural. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and Insurance.
Studi Kelayakan Pengembangan Ekowisata Pemancingan Kampung Hijrah
Authors:   Universitas Pradita, Kiky Andreas
Published: September 2024

Hijrah Village is a region in a part of North Panunggangan Ward that needs a community services program to develop an Eco-tourism spot. The program of Eco-tourism starts when the community is very enthusiastic about fishing recreation around the community spot. However, the feasibility of developing a fishing recreation spot has not been studied at this stage. The potency of this fishing spot can be enhanced further by being professionally managed. The purpose of this program is to develop the inhabitants' competencies through workshops and seminars to achieve good governance. The result of this feasibility study of the Eco-tourism fishing spot at Kampung Hijrah based on the NPV method can be considered feasible
Edukasi Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup dan Penghematan Air
Authors:   Universitas Bakrie, Madonna Sandra , Hermiyetti Hermiyetti , Sugiana Astrid Dewi Meilasari , Brunner I Made Indradjaja ,   School of Government and Public Policy,   Institut Teknologi Perusahan Listrik Negara
Published: September 2024

Wasting clean water in society worsens the shortage of water and makes it harder to access. To address this, it’s important to promote water-saving habits and boost community involvement in protecting the environment. The clean water crisis has also been felt by the community of the Majelis Taklim Nurul Qolbi. The Majelis Taklim Nurul Qolbi, an association of blind people in Tangerang City, has also faced water shortages, especially during dry seasons and large gatherings. Community Service Activities have been carried out to overcome this problem by using technological and social approaches. The technological approach is to install 4 ablution water flow limiters at the Nurul Qolbi Musala. The social approach is to provide socialization to the community, especially the congregation at the Majelis Taklim Nurul Qolbi to save water, especially for ablution. The result of this community service activity is the application of appropriate technology from water flow limiters resulting from research innovations and social activities that have been carried out previously. This activity has succeeded in saving ablution water by reducing the water flow rate by 74.6%. The water discharge before the installation of the device was around 5 L/minute and after the installation of the device the water flow decreased to 1.27 L/minute. The results of this community service activity have given the congregation awareness to preserve the environment by carrying out energy efficiency and water conservation, and spreading the culture of saving water in the surrounding environment.
Framed Bertrand and Mannheim Curves in Three-Dimensional Space Forms of Non-zero Constant Curvatures
Authors: Tuncer Orhan Oğulcan
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to generalize definitions of Bertrand and Mannheim curves to non-null framed curves and to non-flat three-dimensional (Riemannian or Lorentzian) space forms. Denote by $\mathbb{M}_q^n(c)$ the $n$-dimensional space form of index $q=0,1$ and constant curvature $c\neq 0$. We introduce two types of framed Bertrand curves and framed Mannheim curves in $\mathbb{M}_q^3(c)$ by using two different moving frames: the general moving frame and the Frenet-type frame. We investigate geometric properties of these framed Bertrand and framed Mannheim curves in $\mathbb{M}_q^3(c)$ that may have singularities. We then give characterizations for a non-null framed curve to be a framed Bertrand curve or to be a framed Mannheim curve. We show that in special cases these characterizations reduce to the well-known classical formulas: $\lambda \kappa+\mu \tau=1$ for Bertrand curves and $\lambda(\kappa^2+\tau^2)=\kappa$ for Mannheim curves. We provide several examples to support our results, and we visualize these examples by using the Hopf map, the hyperbolic Hopf map, and the spherical projection.
Hubungan Dukungan Suami Terhadap Kepatuhan Mengkomsumsi Tablet Fe pada Ibu
Authors: Khairiah Rahayu
Published: September 2024

Berdasarkan data informasi yang penulis peroleh dari profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2014, diperoleh data bahwa persentase pemberian Fe3 sebayak 34,69% masih di bawah target program yaitu sebesar 80%. Angka terendah terdapat di Jakarta Timur. Menurut Depkes RI tahun 2013, penyebab langsung kematian ibu sebesar 90% terjadi saat persalinan dan segera setelah persalinan. Penyebab langsung kematian ibu adalah perdarahan (30,3%), eklampsi (27,1%), dan infeksi (7,3%). Penyebab kematian tidak langsung antara lain adalah KEK (Kekurangan Energi Kronik) pada kehamilan sebesar (37%) dan anemia pada kehamilan sebesar (40%).  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang untuk kunjungan ANC di Puskesmas Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa pada bulan April Tahun 2017 dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian hubungan dukungan suami terhadap kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet Fe pada Ibu hamil di Puskesmas Kelurahan Pondok Kelapa bahwa dari 50 responden terdapat sebanyak 18 responden (36%) yang patuh mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan terdapat 32 responden (64%) yang tidak patuh mengkonsumsi tablet Fe selama kehamilan. Dari data yang didapatkan diperoleh p = 0,04 < α = 0,05 yang berarti bahwa ada hubungan antara dukungan suami terhadap keberhasilan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Sehingga diharapkan bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan homecare dan memberikan konseling kepada suami tentang pentingnya tablet Fe dan peranan suami dalam mendukung dan memotivasi ibu selama keamilan
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI Dini pada Bayi
Authors: Farlikhatun Lili
Published: September 2024

Laporan bersama United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia World Health Organization (WHO), dan Bank Dunia pada tahun 2012 mendapati sekitar 6,6 juta anak meninggal sebelum mencapai usia lima tahun dibandingkan 12 juta anak yang meninggal pada tahun 1990 (Schlein, 2013). UNICEF menyatakan di Asia Tenggara Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebanyak 1,3 juta pertahun, 98% nya terjadi di India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal dan Myanmar. Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, terlebih di daerah Indonesia bagian timur. Di Nusa Tenggara Timur Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan  Pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi di Posyandu Melati V Kelurahan Jatibening Baru Bekasi tahun 2018. Metode  penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai bayi yang berusia 6-12 bulan yang berkunjung ke Posyandu Melati V Kel. Jatibening Baru Bekasi pada bulan Mei 2017dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 orang. Dari hasil analisis univariat didapatkan sebagian besar responden memberikan MP-ASI dini 54,7%, umur 20-35 tahun 66,7%, pendidikan rendah 63,3%, multipara 58,7% dan pengetahuan kurang 53,3%. Analisis bivariat didapatkan adanya hubungan antara umur, pendidikan, paritas dan pengetahuan dengan pemberian MP-ASI dini pada bayi.
Radiation Therapy of Patients with Squamous Cell Cancer of the Esophagus with an Electronic Device Implanted in the Heart. Cases Reports
Authors: Gladilina I. A. , Chernykh M. V. , Sukhova E. A. , Ishchanov D. G. , Abu-Khayda O. B. , Dinaeva E. A. , Ivanov S. M.
Published: September 2024

Every year, about a million electronic devices implanted in the heart are installed worldwide. In the Russian Federation, there are no accurate statistics on pacemakers. Modern pacemakers (pacers) are characterized by their small size, high sensitivity and susceptibility to ionizing radiation (IR), which increases the risk of temporary or irreversible damage to the device. Throughout the world, the number of cancer patients with electronic devices implanted in the heart has increased over the past decade. Despite the development of modern methods of radiation therapy (RT), this method has a certain risk of complications for cancer patients with ECS.

We currently use the 2020 update of the JASTRO/JCS guidelines for RT in patients with cardiac implantable devices to guide management of patients with pacemakers. Similar recommendations have not yet been developed in the Russian Federation, as in many other countries, which makes this problem especially relevant.

This article demonstrates a multidisciplinary team approach to the management and treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with an implantable pacemaker.
PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 in Diagnostics of Metastatic Lesions of Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Comparison with 18F-FDG: Prospective Study
Authors: Ilyakov V. S. , Pronin A. I. , Parnas A. V. , Subbotin A. S. , Krylov A. S. , Geliashvili T. M. , Bezumova E. V. , Mehedova O. V. , Nesterova N. I. , Matveev V. B.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To demonstrate the capabilities of PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 in comparison with 18F-FDG in the diagnostics of metastatic ccRCC.

Material and methods: Ninety-seven patients with metastatic ccRCC were included in the study. Biopsy results of the primary tumor were available in all patients. Metastatic foci were conﬁrmed by biopsy, follow-up and other diagnostic methods. All patients under went PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F FDG.

Results: A total of 1247 metastases were identiﬁed in 97 patients: 1002 — PSMA-positive, 245 — PSMA-negative, 694 — FDG-positive, and 553 — FDG-negative. The largest number of foci was found in the lungs (601 in 43 patients), bones (220 in 46 patients), and lymph nodes (166 in 34 patients).

Sixty-two patients had more PSMA-positive foci compared with 18FDG, 32 had an equal number of foci, and 3 had more foci according to PET/CT with 18FDG.

The sensitivity and speciﬁcity of 18F-PSMA-1007 in the diagnostics of ccRCC metastases were 80 % and 72 %, positive and negative predictive value were 87 % and 61 %, respectively.

The sensitivity and speciﬁcity of 18F-FDG in the diagnostics of ccRCC metastases were 55 % and 54 %, positive and negative predictive value were 69 % and 41 %, respectively.

The mean SUVmax difference between 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18FDG was 5.32, and the mean TBR difference was 5.66. Lung foci demonstrated significantly lower SUVmax and TBR for both RPs compared to other metastases.

Discussion and conclusions. Data analysis demonstrates higher efficiency of 18F-PSMA-1007 compared to 18F-FDG in the diagnostics of ccRCC metastases. PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 revealed a higher number of metastases, SUVmax and TBR in studies with 18F-PSMA-1007 are on average significantly higher than those with 18F FDG.

PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 demonstrates the lowest efficiency in the diagnosis of foci in the lungs up to 1 cm. It is feasible to analyze pulmonary foci and other metastases separately to exclude the influence of a large number of low-active and false-negative foci on statistical parameters.

PET/CT with 18F-PSMA-1007 can be recommended for use in patients with suspected metastatic ccRCC as an alternative to routine diagnostic methods and PET/CT with 18F-FDG. The potential of 18F-PSMA-1007 in assessing the eﬃcacy of systemic therapy requires further investigation.
Ultrasound Examination after Oncological Operations: Unexpected Findings. Clinical Cases
Authors: Danzanova T. Yu. , Gudilina E. A. , Berdnikov S. N. , Sinyukova G. T. , Lepedatu P. I. , Zubareva E. A. , Vasenina A. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The first clinical case describes the main ultrasound signs of a foreign body in the form of suture material after surgery on the stomach, the second clinical case presents the ultrasound signs of an installed intraperitoneal port for chemotherapy after extirpation of the uterus and appendages. The article compares the types of intraoperative foreign bodies, the clinical picture, and the main diagnostic methods.
Diagnostic Value of Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI for Differential Diagnosis of Rare Types of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Medvedeva B. M. , Molostova Yu. V. , Lapteva M. G.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The article describes a variety of liver lesions, hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and the added value of gadoxetic acid in their differential diagnosis with consideration of its pharmacokinetics.

Material and methods: Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI scans of 19 patients with slight hyperintensity lesions in the hepatobiliary phase, were retrospectively assessed, the role of DWI in differential diagnosis of rare types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) was evaluated and the statistical analysis was performed.

Results: The combination of evaluated MRI semiotics features — hyperintensity in native, arterial, portal venous and hepatobiliary phases, slight hyperintensity on DWI (b-value 800 and b-value 400 s/mm2), rim enhancement (“capsule”) — enables differentiation of rare types of HCC and HCC with atypical enhancement in patients with FNH.

Conclusion: MRI with hepatobiliary contrast agents in junction with DWI increases the accuracy of identification of liver lesions and allows differentiation of rare types of HCC with atypical enhancement in patients with FNH without morphological verification.
Handling liquid radioactive waste in radionuclide therapy
Authors: Narkevich B. Ya. , Ryzhov S. A. , Smirnov G. Yu. , Geliashvili T. M.
Published: September 2024

Relevance: Currently, medical liquid radioactive waste (LRW) in radionuclide therapy units (RTU) is sent via special sewerage to storage tanks, where it is kept for radioactive decay. When the established standard for specific radioactivity is reached, the accumulated LRW is discharged into the domestic sewerage system. However, if LRW contains radiopharmaceuticals with several different radionuclides, determining the optimal holding time is a complex task.

Purpose: Analysis of existing and development of new technologies for the removal of LRW with a complex radionuclide composition in RTU units.

Material and methods: The advantages and disadvantages of the existing technology for determining the holding time of liquid radioactive waste in a storage tank based on the results of radiometry of periodically collected samples of liquid radioactive waste are considered. It is shown that it does not meet the requirements for reducing labor intensity and ensuring radiation safety of the RTU unit personnel. Six new technologies for managing liquid radioactive waste removal are proposed, of which a technology based on a single dosimetry of γ‑radiation from a ﬁlled tank with subsequent calculation of the holding time to determine the moment of timely discharge of decayed liquid radioactive waste into the domestic sewage system is proposed for practical application.

Results: Using the proposed technology, the optimal moment for discharging the contents of a tank with liquid radioactive waste accumulated in it, which are radiopharmaceuticals excreted from the body of patients labeled with radionuclides 131I, 153Sm, 177Lu, is determined.

Conclusion: The developed technology for the removal of liquid radioactive waste is characterized by accuracy acceptable for radiation‑hygienic purposes while ensuring simplicity and low labor intensity of its practical application in the RNT departments of domestic medical institutions.
Difficulties in the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Metastases. Clinical Case
Authors: Kaspshik S. M. , Medvedeva B. M. , Markovich A. A. , Ryzhkov A. D. , Artamonova E. V. , Prokhorov S. N. , Pronin A. I. , Geliashvili T. M. , Bilik M. E. , Krylov A. S.
Published: September 2024

In this clinical case we analyzed the need for a correct algorithm for examining patients with liver tumors when making a primary diagnosis, thus it significantly affects the prognosis and course of the disease. We demonstrate capabilities of various diagnostic methods in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Our clinical case confirms the need for optimal routing schemes for patients to specialized centers that have all necessary resources to perform all types of diagnostic methods, including nuclear medicine diagnosis, as well as the presence of a multidisciplinary team of specialists. The article is illustrated with original images of nuclear medicine studies, CT and MRI images.
The Development of Proton Radiotherapy in Our Country
Authors: Wainson A. A. , Solovieva E. V.
Published: September 2024

Protons are the relatively heavy charged particles and therefore can be accelerated to any energy, permitting the long distance penetration in the human body practically without loss of the dose-rate. In addition, due to the low side scatter the use of these particles permits obtaining the better dose distribution between the tumor and the surrounding healthy tissues in comparison with the traditional sources of ionizing radiations. The limited clinical study of proton radiotherapy was initiated in early 1950th in USA and shortly afterwards in Sweden, and at the end of 1960th have started in USSR at two physical institutions located in Dubna and Moscow. Later the third institution — in Gatchina, the suburb of Leningrad, started treatment of tumors with the beams of accelerated protons. And to the end of 1980th the USSR has accumulated the largest experience in the world in using proton beams for treatment of patients with malignant and benign tumors as well as blood vessel malformations in brain. During last thirty years proton radiotherapy became widely used method in oncology, especially due to the shift from the use of huge physical installations to the specially designed ‘medical accelerators’ which are installed now in many medical institutions. The number of the treated patients grows to two hundred thousand, and now one of the main tasks is determination of those patients to whom this expensive type of radiotherapy could be the most efficient. This efficiency is evaluated either on the better results of tumor treatments or, which is especially important for proton radiotherapy, on the better sparing of normal tissue damage in comparison with the efficacy of tumor eradiation usual for other sources of radiation.
Analisa Penurunan Usia Transformator 1250 kVA Akibat Pembebanan pada Transformator di Rumah Sakit Swasta
Authors: AS Nizar Rosyidi , Andhika Gilang , Supriyadi Edy , Ariman Ariman
Published: September 2024

Salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada transformator adalah kegagalan thermal  dan panas berlebih yang mengakibatkan penyusutan usia pemakaian tranformator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana pembebanan mempengaruhi usia transformator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan data lapangan atau data secara nyata yang terjadi di lapangan. Perhitungan perkiraan sisa usia transformator dihitung berdasarkan peramalan beban transformator lima tahun mendatang menggunakan analisa regresi linier. Pada IEC 354, hasil dari prediksi beban transformator 1250 kVA pada tahun 2024 memiliki sisa usia pemakaian kurang lebih 5 tahun, hal ini menandakan bahwa pemakaian transformator masih sesuai standard. Karena transformator beroperasi pada temperatur lingkungan rata – rata 30℃ maka sesuai hasil perhitungan dalam penelitian ini, suhu titik panas transformator telah melebihi 107,7℃ yang mencapai 137,67℃ pada pembebanan 127,83% dari rating daya transformator. Pada hasil perhitungan di tahun 2023 usia pemakaian transformator masih lebih dari 20 tahun. Dikarenakan nilai beban masih berada di bawah 80%. Pada tahun 2027 perkiraan usia transformator semakin berkurang hingga tersisa kurang dari 1 tahun dengan kondisi beban mencapai 127,83% dari rating daya transformator. Berdasarkan hasil prediksi yang telah diperoleh dari tranformator 1250 kVA yang mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2008, transformator tersebut hanya dapat bertahan hingga tahun 2024. Penyusutan usia dasar transformator tersebut disebabkan oleh pembebanan yang melebihi 80% kapasitas pemakaian yang terjadi pada tahun 2024.
Kata kunci: Transformator, Tegangan AC, Perkiraan Usia, Regresi Linear, Prediksi Beban
Evaluasi Nilai Faktor Modifikasi Respon Seismik pada Struktur Dermaga Jetty
Authors: Widarto Wahyu , Taufik Syahril , Kurniadi Ugik
Published: September 2024

Beberapa kejadian gempa besar menyebabkan struktur jetty mengalami kerusakan sehingga tidak bisa beroperasi. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya pertimbangan ulang dalam filosofi desain seismik dari jenis struktur ini untuk meningkatkan kinerja seismiknya. Nilai faktor modifikasi respon seismik (R) untuk struktur dermaga jetty belum secara eksplisit diatur oleh SNI 1726: 2019 maupun SNI 2833: 2016. Maka dari itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau nilai R pada struktur dermaga jetty. Tinjauan yang dilakukan terbatas pada struktur yang berada pada kondisi kegempaan di Sulawesi Utara dengan kondisi Tanah Lunak (SE). Nilai R pada struktur dermaga jetty ditetapkan terlebih dahulu untuk melakukan perancangan elemen struktur. Kemudian dilakukan analisis pushover sehingga diperoleh kurva gaya terhadap deformasi struktur untuk memverifikasi nilai R yang mampu dicapai. Konsep yang dipakai dalam menghitung nilai R mengacu ATC-19 dan ATC-34 serta FEMA P-695. Hasil analisis pushover, dermaga jetty merupakan struktur dengan nilai R dapat ditentukan sebesar 3,5 – 5,5, yang mendekati nilai R pada SNI 2833: 2016 untuk struktur jembatan dengan bangunan bawah berupa tiang vertikal, tiang miring dan kolom majemuk.
Kata Kunci: Jetty, Faktor modifikasi respon seismik, Analisis Pushover
Beyond bacteria: Role of non-bacterial gut microbiota species in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Haque Hania , Zehra Syeda Warisha , Shahzaib Mohammad , Abbas Saif , Jaffar Nazish
Published: September 2024

This letter emphasizes the need to expand discussions on gut microbiome’s role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) by including the often-overlooked non-bacterial components of the human gut flora. It highlights how viral, fungal and archaeal inhabitants of the gut respond towards gut dys-biosis and contribute to disease progression. Viruses such as bacteriophages target certain bacterial species and modulate the immune system. Other viruses found associated include Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, John Cunningham virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpes simplex virus type 6. Fungi such as Candida albicans and Malassezia contribute by forming tissue-invasive filaments and producing inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Archaea, mainly methanogens are also found altering the microbial fermentation pathways. This correspondence, thus underscores the significance of considering the pathological and physiological mechanisms of the entire spectrum of the gut microbiota to develop effective therapeutic interventions for both IBD and CRC.
International experience in drug assessment for rare diseases: flexibility of approaches
Authors: Radaeva K. S. , Kolbin A. S.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. The regulation of orphan drugs plays a key role in the development of medicines for rare diseases that affect only a small percentage of the population. This specialized regulatory framework is designed to encourage pharmaceutical companies to allocate resources to the development of drugs for diseases that might otherwise be overlooked due to limited commercial appeal. Experts from Cogentia Healthcare Consulting Ltd. analyzed trends in the assessment of orphan drugs in the UK.Objective. The aim of this work was to analyze and present the main trends in the optimization of decision-making regarding orphan drugs based on the data of an analysis conducted by the experts of Cogentia Healthcare Consulting Ltd.Results. Regulatory bodies have shown some flexibility in the assessment of orphan drugs and have used approaches designed to address uncertainties in the evidence, accepting, in some cases, low-quality evidence, expert opinion and evidence from real-world clinical practice and applying more flexible pharmacoeconomic approaches. However, despite the existing assumptions, the evaluation process for orphan drugs often takes longer than that for non-orphan drugs.Conclusions. Although different approaches to market regulation for orphan drugs have helped stimulate their development worldwide and address unmet medical needs, delays in decision-making for orphan drugs have seriously affected their availability to patients in need.
Cost Variation Analysis Of Oral Antihypertensive Drugs Currently Available In Indian Pharmaceutical Market- A Pharmacoeconomic Study
Authors: Das Monalisha , Saikia Hiteswar , Chaliha Meghali
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most commonly encountered chronic diseases, therefore treatment for the same should be affordable. Antihypertensive drugs of the same strength are available in the market at different costs. This study was conducted to raise awareness among health care workers and patients about the cost difference between different brands of the same antihypertensive drug, so that whenever possible a cheaper effective brand can be prescribed to ensure better patient adherence.
METHODS: Maximum retail price(MRP) of various antihypertensive drugs of same strength , manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was obtained from various offline and online sources.The minimum and maximum costs of 10 tablets/capsules noted.The cost ratio & percentage cost variation was calculated for single drugs and fixed dose combinations.The ceiling price(as per DPCO)of common antihypertensives (as per national list of essential medicines)was compared with their maximum cost.
RESULTS: The formulations of single antihypertensive drugs and fixed drug combinations of two drugs were included in the study. Among the single antihypertensives analyzed the highest cost variation was of metoprolol (50mg) as high as 12144.89%.The cost ratio was seen to be seen to be highest for Metoprolol 50mg ER(80.3) followed by Metoprolol 25mg (78.4), Telmisartan 40mg(67).Among fixed dose combinations of two drugs analyzed highest cost variation was found that of Amlodipine 5mg + Atenolol 50mg combination(9566.6%)
CONCLUSIONS: There was a huge price variation among the antihypertensive drugs manufactured by various companies for the same strength.Some measures thus,must be taken by the government to bring the uniformity in the price that will help to reduce the economic burden on the patients.
Prevalence Of Oral Cancer In India: A Systematic Review
Authors: Savitha S  , Raj Mohan M  , Prabu D  , Dinesh Dhamodhar  , Sindhu R  , Nimmy P
Published: September 2024

In this study the systematic review of trials was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of oral cancer in India. The articles related to the prevalence of Oral Cancer in India were hand searched using electronic databases which includes Prospero, Grey literature, Science Direct, Lilacs, Wiley online library and PubMed. The most common site of Oral cancer in North, East, Central and West zone is Buccal mucosa while in North- east and south zone Tongue is the most affected part. Prevalence rate for Leukoplakia is 37.1%, Speckled leukoplakia is 21.7%, Oral Submucous Fibrosis is 21.1% and Lichen Planus is 19.8%. Highest prevalence can be seen in Males of East zone with 75.7%.The mean age group prevalence is 30- 50 years of age. The study observed a general increase in oral cancer incidence especially in the East Zone. This will pave the path for evidence- based interventions and policies that promote oral health and improve the overall well- being of the population. Indian Government should give importance for the prevention of Oral Cancer by implementing new schemes and providing awareness program to promote the healthy lifestyle and banning of tobacco products.
A Comprehensive Review on Mushrooms as a Nutraceutical Superfood
Authors: Akshay B. Sathvara  , Charusheela D. Afuwale
Published: September 2024

This review study looks into the array of Nutraceutical superfoods, with a particular emphasis on the significance of mushrooms in boosting nutrition and health. Mushrooms contain several bioactive components, such as β-glucans, antioxidants, and ergothioneine, which may provide health advantages. The major purpose of this study is to fully examine the therapeutic characteristics of mushrooms, particularly their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating actions. This study aims to provide light on how mushrooms may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders by conducting a thorough review of relevant studies. Also, this research evaluates the impact of various processing methods, such as drying and extraction, on mushroom composition and bioactivity, which are critical for conserving beneficial chemicals. Further, the paper looks at the ability to adapt of mushrooms in culinary applications, showing how they may not only improve flavour but also the nutritional content of a range of cuisines. Finally, this comprehensive research gives an in-depth look into mushrooms’ nutraceutical properties.It introduces the concept of nutraceutical superfoods, highlight the importance of mushrooms in promotingnutrition and health, discusses their bioactive compounds and medicinal properties, investigates their potential for preventing and managing chronic diseases, assesses different processing techniques and their impact on mushroom properties, and concludes by pointing out mushrooms’ culinary versatility
Willingness To Participate In Biomedical Research Among Adult Population In Bishnupur District, Manipur: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Singh Naorem Rishikanta , Lalrawngbawla Isaac , Elangbam Vijaya , Konjengbam Shantibala , Hanjabam Sanayaima Devi
Published: September 2024

Context: There are limited data in India, even more so in Manipur when it comes to assessing willingness to participate in biomedical research despite numerous ongoing research being conducted. This study will throw light on the willingness of the general population who we oftentimes ask to participate in biomedical research.
Aim: To assess the willingness to participate in biomedical research among the adult population of Bishnupur district, Manipur.
Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Bishnupur district, Manipur during March 2023.
Methods and Material: Participants were selected using multistage random sampling with proportional allocation. Data were collected by interviewing the participants using pretested structured questionnaire.
Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics like mean with standard deviation and percentage were used. Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test and logistic regression were employed.
Results: There were 448 participants with mean age 42.71±13.74 years. Ninety-two percent previously participated in any form of biomedical research. Participants willing to participate in any biomedical research was 76.1%. Majority of respondents were willing to undergo physical examinations. Risk issue was the main reason for those not willing to participate. Those who had previous history of participation were ten times more likely to participate than those who had no previous participation in biomedical research.
Conclusions: The study showed that three-fourth of the general adult population in Bishnupur were willing to participate in any biomedical research.
Health status of School Children in a Tribal Colony near Bengaluru, Karnataka - A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: K.S Manjula , Swapna Jaswanth  , Reena R  , Usha SMR  , Jyothi A Raj
Published: September 2024

Background: Health of children plays an indispensable role in the development of the country. Nutrition and health of the tribal children continue to be a pressing concern in India. Biochemical and hematological examination of children is an essential tool for assessment of health status, early identification of preventable risk factors and for diagnosis of various diseases.
Objective: To assess the health status of Hakki Pikki tribal school children by evaluating the biochemical and haematological parameters.
Materials and Methods: This was a community based cross sectional study of 76(Boys-32 and Girls-44) Hakki Pikki tribal children studying at Government Higher Primary School, Hakki Pikki Colony, Gowripura, Bengaluru Karnataka, India. Biochemical and haematological parameters were determined in accordance with standard operating procedures followed by good laboratory practices.
Results: The study group consisted of children aged between 6 to 17 years, among them 32 students were males and 44 were females.21(11-boys and 10-girls) children were under weight and 02 girls were overweight. The common ailments found were, dental carries (2.63%), ear discharge (2.63%), anaemia (3.94%), Impetigo (7.89%).Comparing between Boys and Girls less than or equal to 10 years of age there was a significant difference in Creatinine as p-value< 0.05. There was a significant difference in Creatinine, Uric acid, AST, ALT, total protein, albumin, HbA1C and Haemoglobin when comparing between Boys and Girls of age greater than 10 years p-value < 0.05.In these tribal children the distribution of biochemical and haematological parameters values considerably follows the reported reference values.
Conclusions: This study highlights a puzzling situation of health status among these Hakki Pikki tribal children due to apparent change in socio cultural, lifestyle, nutrition, and urbanization. Under weight has emanated as a solemn problem unless addressed.
Interventional Study on Reducing Stigma and Improving HIV/AIDS Awareness on Transmission among Housekeeping Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital with Health Education
Authors: Samuel Santhosham Kirubakaran , Appanbhotla Prasananjali , Kovur Hariharan , Sudhan Dharshnee , Murugan Arun
Published: September 2024

Background :
Hospital housekeeping workers (HHW), also known as hospital janitorial staff, are individuals responsible for maintaining the cleanliness and hygiene of hospital facilities. This study focuses on the perceptions of HIV/AIDS among HHWs and their role in controlling its spread. The aims included assessing their knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission, reducing stigma, and evaluating the impact of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) on their awareness and perception.
Methods :
Conducted at a Chennai tertiary care hospital from December 2022 to January 2023, this interventional study involved 25 HHWs. The research utilised a structured questionnaire for socio-demographic details and HIV/AIDS-related questions, implementing pre- and post-tests after health education. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0. The chi-square test was used to arrive at a p-value to test the significance between pre- and post-intervention test results. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Conclusion :
Post-intervention, the knowledge that using condoms reduces transmission very significantly increased to 100% (p-value=<0.0000001), awareness that HIV/AIDS doesn't transmit through touch very significantly improved to 88% (p-value=<0.0000001), belief in hope for affected individuals rose very significantly to 96% (p-value=<0.0000001) and understanding that mosquito bites don’t cause transmission very significantly increased to 88% (p-value=<0.0000001).
These findings emphasis the positive impact of health-education on HHWs. Empowering HHWs with the necessary knowledge to address fear-based stigma and boosting awareness is pivotal. Conducting effective and periodic awareness programs significantly enhances HHWs' understanding of HIV/AIDS, and is a crucial step in eliminating occupational transmissions and stigma.
Neglected Human Fascioliasis in IRAQ: A retrospective study of human fascioliasis at north of Iraq
Authors: Talah Khudhair Abbas  , Sinan Ghazi Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Fascioliasis is an often-neglected zoonotic disease caused by liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciolagigantica(1). The life cycle of this parasite starts when eggs in mammalian stool are deposited in tepid water (22-26°C) and hatch in within two weeks, miracidia appear and develop. These miracidia invade many species of freshwater snails, in which they further develop to sporocyst and redia for 4-7 weeks. They leave as free-swimming single tailed cercaria that subsequently attach to watercress, water lettuce, mint, parsley, or khat (2, 3). They encyst within few hours and wait to be eaten by the definite host, humans (4). The metacercariae exist in the small intestine is releasing the young parasites, which rapidly penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the peritoneal cavity. The immature flukes penetrate the capsule of Glisson after 48h and enter the liver then migrate throughout the hepatic parenchyma till they reach the biliary system where they become adults within 3 to 4 months from the initial infection and lay eggs (4).
World health organization now recognizes human Fascioliasis as a significant public health problem and a neglected tropical disease with a great impact on human development (4).
The burden of infection is unclear, and studies have shown the geographic expansion of fascioliasis in human and livestock likely related to climate change (5).This study aims to highlight the sociodemographic characteristics of human fascioliasis in a newly emerged endemic area at north of Iraq.
Role Of Ergonomics In Occupational Health Problems Of Information Technology Professional Of Ahmedabad City
Authors: Thekdi Komal Pukur  , Patel Jaiminkumar Pravinbhai  , Macwana Jayprakashkumar
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Background: Computer ergonomics is crucial for optimizing the interaction between individuals and their computer workstations to enhance overall well-being and productivity. By designing workspaces that consider the capabilities and limitations of the human body, computer ergonomics aims to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, reduce eye strain, and mitigate stress-related issues associated with prolonged computer use.
Material & Method: It was cross actional study carried out in computer users of Ahmedabad city. Cross sectional study was carried out over a period of one year time among 800 participants to Study the knowledge and practice pertaining to computer ergonomics and obstacle for not following it.
Results: Only 359 (44.87%) participants were aware of the computer ergonomics. Main source of information was internet (47.91%). 35.65% of the participants were aware of computer ergonomics before any health problem occurred to them, while 64.34% participants became aware to computer ergonomics after occurrence of musculoskeletal or visual problem.
Conclusions: Appropriate furniture, appropriate monitor distance, change in brightness according to need and appropriate body posture had vital role in prevention of computer related health problem. In conclusion, the data highlights the need for widespread initiatives to enhance awareness of computer ergonomics, leveraging internet resources and incorporating structured training programs.
Prevalence and Predictors of Physical Activity among Healthcare staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital at Turki, Muzaffarpur, Bihar – A Cross‑Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Tulika Singh  , Saket Sonal  , Prachi Priya
Published: September 2024

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely impacted our physical activity levels. Sedentary lifestyle along with the junk food culture is throwing a pandemic of preventable diseases like obesity and diabetes. According to a recent report of WHO globally, 1 in 4 adults do not meet the global recommended levels of physical activity.
Aim:
To Determine the prevalence of Physical activity among Doctors and staffs of RDJMMMCH,and barriers responsible for physical inactivity among Doctors and staffs Of RDJMMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur .
Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out among Doctors and staffs of RDJMMMCH,Turki,Muzaffarpur .The study period was from November to December 2023.Tool of study was Barriers to being active questionnaire. The Centre for Disease Control(CDC) developed the barriers to being active questionnaire, which consists of 21 items related to seven different barriers to physical activity.
Results:out of 110 participants only 62.7% were physically active .predictors of being physically inactive are lack of time,social influence ,energy ,skill,resource,will power and fear of injury .
Conclusion: In summary, around 41(37.3%) of our study participants were physically inactive. It was more among men, and those who were above 30 years. It is recommended that strategies for increasing physical activity should be designed and targeted for healthcare professionals. These include awareness campaigns, building of parks and sidewalks, use of technology, and peer support groups.
An Overview Of Drugs Taken During Pregnancy And Its Outcome
Authors: Deori Chinmoyee , Aziz Sahid , Bordoloi Pallavi , Das Swarnamoni
Published: September 2024

Aim is to create awareness among the women of reproductive age group about the risks associated with consumption of drugs during pregnancy . More than 90% of pregnant women take prescription or non-prescription drugs at some time during pregnancy .In general ,unless absolutely necessary ,drugs should not be used during pregnancy because many of them are harmful to the fetus .Pregnancy introduces unique considerations for drug treatment due to its impact on the pharmacokinetics of medications and the potential harm certain drugs can pose to the fetus. While completely avoiding pharmacological treatment in pregnancy is impractical and risky, as some women have pre-existing medical conditions or develop new ones requiring medication, the challenge lies in balancing effective treatment with fetalsafety. Historical incidents, such as thalidomide in the 1960s, highlighted the risks, but it's crucial to note that congenital abnormalities from teratogenic drugs constitute less than 1% of total cases.To address these concerns, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established a system in 1979 for assessing the teratogenic risk of drugs. This classification, ranging from Category A (considered safest) to Category X (absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy), helps guide clinicians in making informed therapeutic decisions. The article delves into various aspects of drug use during pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of weighing risks and benefits to ensure optimal maternal health while safeguarding the developing fetus.
Harnessing Innovation in Leveraged Buyouts: Strategies for Enhancing Business Acquisition Success
Authors: Dhawan Shiven
Published: September 2024

This article explores the opportunities and challenges for PE LBO acquisitions. It presents potential mechanisms for successful financial outcomes for managers and organisations. It highlights three PE engagement phases with an LBO company: acquisition, planning, and execution. Many leveraged buyouts (LBOs) fail financially, negatively impacting their value chain. We investigate the impact of PE on innovation in PE LBOs. We offer insight into various factors that affect innovation and determine whether they contribute to acquisition failures. These factors include short-term ownership, management restructuring, incentive plans, and debt size factors on new product development and innovation. The platform helps leaders focus on innovation to improve investment and LBO success by streamlining decision-making and offering guidelines and recommendations. These principles may also support mergers and acquisitions (M&A) within organisations.