bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructural evolution and its effect on the mechanical properties of Cu–Ag microcomposites
Authors: Gaganov Alexandre , Freudenberger Jens , Grünberger Wolfgang , Schultz Ludwig
Published: February 2022

The microstructure and the mechanical properties of Cu– Ag alloys with 7 and 24 wt.% Ag are investigated. The microstructure of the alloys is mostly determined by the silver content. That of Cu-24 wt.% Ag alloys consists of a Cu-rich solid solution and the eutectic. Otherwise, the microstructure of Cu-7 wt.% Ag alloys consists of primarily solidified dendrites of a Cu-rich solid solution and small Ag-rich particles. The composition strongly influences the work-hardening rate. In order to achieve an ultimate tensile strength of 1 GPa, a logarithmic cold-deformation strain, η, of about 3.7 is required (η = ln A
0/A) for the 7 wt.% Ag alloy, whereas for Cu-24 wt.% Ag alloys η = 3.1 is sufficient. In as-cast alloys with 7 wt.% Ag a strong segregation is observed, which, consequently, leads to a strong decrease of the age-hardening effect. Therefore, the Cu-7 wt.% Ag alloy has to be homogenised before aging. The application of Cu–Ag alloys with a Ag-content below 8 wt.%, i. e. an the maximum solubility at the eutectic temperature, bears mainly two advantages: (i) less addiction to shear-band formation, and (ii) a higher electrical conductivity in comparison to equivalently treated Ag-rich alloys due to the small Ag content.
A new diffusion mechanism for self-compensating impurities in α-alumina
Authors: Gontier-Moya Eliette-Geneviève , Moya Fernand , Bernardini Jean
Published: February 2022

Cation diffusion in α-alumina has been the subject of recent investigations, self-diffusion by the radiotracer technique and impurity diffusion by the SIMS technique. A review of the data is carried out to clarify the bulk diffusion mechanisms. Aluminium, cobalt, chromium, and yttrium exhibit a “normal” behaviour, which can be accounted for by an extrinsic vacancy diffusion mechanism. Silver, copper, and platinum behave as “fast diffusers”, although their activation energies are close to those of the other elements. From new experiments on magnesium diffusion reported in this paper, it is suggested that fast diffusion can be traced to self-compensating impurities. A diffusion mechanism which reconciles all the observations is proposed for these elements.
Finite-element analysis of the hot-pressing consolidation of continuous Al2O3 fibers-reinforced NiAl composites
Authors: Chen H. , Hu W. , Gottstein G.
Published: February 2022

The finite-element method was used to model the consolidation process of continuous Al2O3 fiber-reinforced NiAl composites. Actual creep behavior of NiAl was accounted for including the instantaneous strain and primary creep behavior. Primary creep played a very important role in the consolidation process at high temperatures and high pressures. Various processing parameters were investigated to evaluate the effects of temperature and hot-pressing stress on the consolidation behavior. It was found that the effect of pressure on consolidation was more significant at high temperatures due to its strong influence on the creep rate during power-law creep. The effects of fiber volume fraction and the arrangement of the matrix-coated fibers were also analysed. The simulations recommend an optimal fiber volume fraction in the range of 30 %–50 %. Fully dense composites were fabricated according to the predicted processing conditions, and good agreement between simulation and experiment was achieved.
Modelling the stress state of a thermal barrier coating system at high temperatures
Authors: Schwarzer Jochen , Rostek Katharina E. , Beck Tilmann , Löhe Detlef , Vöhringer Otmar
Published: February 2022

A model is proposed to assess the time- and temperaturedependent creep and oxidation behavior of typical thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems consisting of EB-PVD manufactured partially stabilized ZrO2 and a plasma-sprayed MCrAlY bond coat (BC) on a typical Ni-base sheet alloy. The creep behavior of the BC was investigated by compression tests at the NiCoCrAlY alloy PWA 1370. With the objective of describing the formation of the so-called thermally grown oxide, an oxidation kinetic for the BC alloy is presented, which predicts the oxide thickness as a function of time and temperature. Using a finite element model of the complete TBC system, the influence of time- and temperature- dependent oxide growth and deformation behavior of the components on the stress development was studied. The obtained results show a development of compressive stresses above the peaks and of tensile stresses in the valleys of the rough TBC/BC interface. With this, the delamination stress between top coat and BC, which finally leads to failure by spallations, can be assessed.
On the preferred orientation in Ti1–x
Al
x
N and Ti1–x–y
Al
x
Si
y
N thin films
Authors: Rafaja David , Poklad Anna , Schreiber Gerhard , Klemm Volker , Heger Dietrich , Šíma Michal
Published: February 2022

The influence of the deposition geometry and the chemical composition on the form and degree of the preferred orientation of crystallites was investigated in TiN, Ti1–x
Al
x
N, and Ti1–x–y
Al
x
Si
y
N thin films deposited by cathodic arc evaporation. The deposition geometry was varied by changing the angle between the cathodes and the substrates. The chemical composition of the thin films was modified by the choice of the cathodic materials. In TiN thin films, the crystallites were preferentially oriented with the {111} direction perpendicular to the sample surface, independent of the deposition geometry. Besides, a well-pronounced in-plane texture was observed. Co-deposition of Ti, Al, and Si in nitrogen atmosphere stimulated inclination of the texture direction towards the sample surface, which can be described as a change of the texture direction related to the sample surface perpendicular direction, and reduced the amount of the in-plane texture in the coatings (the preferred orientation of crystallites in the plane of the coating).
Corrosion behaviour of hard coatings on Mg substrates
Authors: Ohser-Wiedemann Renate , Hollstein Frank , Bayer Ullrich
Published: February 2022

TiN and CrN coatings were deposited with magnetron sputtering on magnesium alloy AZ 31 hp. Magnesium oxide and metallic interlayers were used to improve the corrosion resistance of the compound. The magnesium oxide was produced by plasma chemical oxidation process. Polarization curves were recorded and the free corrosion potential was measured to test the corrosion resistance of all samples. The results were compared with uncoated Mg AZ31 alloy. The investigations showed that the corrosion resistance can be improved by the PVD coatings. Thick CrN coatings with Cr interlayer exhibited the best results. The protection with the magnesium oxide layer was insufficient up to now. Here, the etching before plasma chemical oxidation process should be improved.
Towards a description of complex pearlite structures
Authors: Aernoudt Etienne , Walentek Artur , Seefeldt Marc , Verlinden Bert , Van Houtte Paul
Published: February 2022

Pearlite structures in eutectoid carbon steel seldom are perfectly lamellar. Structures in thermomechanically processed material in particular often consist of complex mixtures of lamellar, degenerated, and globular domains. In order to open the possibility of modelling structure –property relationships for such material, techniques have to be developed to quantitatively describe the morphology of its pearlite structure. The present article shows how EBSD and the Hough transform can give complementary information that can be further developed into a quantitative description of pearlitic structures.
Diaspora Japanese: transnational mobility and language contact
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko , Britain David
Published: February 2022

In introducing this special issue on Japanese outside of Japan, this article sets the scene by providing an overview of the genesis and trajectories of the Japanese diaspora which examines the history of international population movements, demographic transitions, educational orientations and language situations in the resulting communities. It touches upon: (a) the disappearance of the oldest nihon machi (Japan towns) formed by fleeing samurai and traders as refugee and trade diasporas; (b) the emergence of Nikkei (Japanese ancestry) identities in Japanese labour diaspora communities; (c) the obsolescence of varieties of Japanese learnt/acquired during childhood in imperial diaspora contexts, along with the employment and integration of Japanese borrowings in the local languages; (d) the contrast in the social lives and language situations in global Japanese diaspora communities between affluent long-term residents living within Japanese norms, on the one hand, and, on the other, permanent residents seeking personal freedom from these norms; and (e) the contrasting social realities in contemporary Japan of returnee children of Japanese diplomats and expatriate Japanese business executives as a new privileged class, on the one hand, and returnee Nikkei Latin Americans working as foreign labourers in Japan, on the other. Given the wide range of historical and socio-economic contexts in which the Japanese diaspora found itself, we conclude that it continues to provide a rich seam of potential sociolinguistic enquiry, which may provide an illustrative framework serving as a possible model for the historicised analysis of diasporic sociolinguistic complexities in other world contexts.
The vernacularity of Palauan Japanese
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko , Britain David
Published: February 2022

Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of linguistic, perceptual, historical and sociodemographic data as well as two decades of sociolinguistic ethnography collected among the postcolonial Japanese speech communities of Palau in the Pacific, this article argues that Palauan Japanese was not simply ‘standard Japanese transported’, but a koineised vernacular variety of Japanese; i.e., a variety resulting from the mixture of different migrant dialects, which was adopted by Palauans through daily interaction with local Japanese settlers during the colonial period. The article concludes by emphasising: (a) the usefulness of teasing apart varieties largely acquired and consolidated through everyday communication with target language speakers from varieties mastered largely through formal schooling; (b) the importance of understanding the social contexts in which ‘new’ colonial varieties are formed as well as the linguistic outcomes of the dialect mixing that occurs when a numerically dominant but dialectally diverse settler population colonises a new territory; and (c) the helpfulness of speech perception and social identification experiments as tools to identify vernacularity.
Japanese Americans and generational tension: a case of the ethnic press the Utah Nippoo during World War II
Authors: Azuma Shoji
Published: February 2022

The present study examines the relationship between language and generation among Japanese Americans during World War II by focusing on an example of the rarely studied ethnic press called the Utah Nippoo (“Utah Daily News”). In the difficult period of the war between the United States and Japan, Japanese Americans in Utah were generally successful in dealing with the gap between the first generation’s Japanese nationalism and the second generation’s American citizenship. The Utah Nippoo honored both a pro-Japan stance and a pro-American stance by allowing editorial freedom for each language section, yet maintaining cohesion and keeping the generations together. Data explicated in this study, which focuses on institutional talk, suggests that the linguistic gap between the Japanese-dominant first generation and the English-dominant second generation does not necessarily lead to generational tension if appropriate measures such as the use of linguistic politeness strategies are considered. This study will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between a relatively understudied language such as Japanese and acculturation among immigrants in the United States, with our focus on linguistic politeness.
Pharmacist-directed Sputnik V (GAM-COVID-VAC) surveillance program: a prospective observational study in Southern India
Authors: Karattuthodi Mohammed Salim , Chandrasekher Dilip , Panakkal Linu Mohan , C Shinu , Salman Mohammed , Megha  , E Muhammad Swabeeh , Fasil Mohamed , A M Mohammad , Reji Monika
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The study underwent to evaluate the adverse events, the incidence of COVID-19 and the participant’s attitude and perception towards the vaccine following Sputnik V administration through an active surveillance program.

Methods

The prospective observational study was conducted four months in the Sputnik V vaccination center that enrolled 700 participants. Sociodemographic details, medical histories, COVID-19 incidences and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of each sample were collected through face-to-face interviews and a telephonic feedback system. A self-prepared and validated questionnaire addressed their acceptances and perceptions towards the vaccination drive.

Results

Our study reported 42.1% of AEFIs after the first dose and 9.1% after the second. Fever, pain at the injection site, body pain, headache and fatigue were predominant, while dizziness and diarrhoea were rare. However, AEFIs were not influenced by the presence of comorbidities (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there were limited post immunization (1.8%) COVID-19 patients and that too with minor severity (p < 0.01). Our participants were overall satisfied with the Sputnik V immunization. However, those presented with AEFIs on the consecutive three days depicted slightly declined gratification (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our pharmacist-directed surveillance program on Sputnik V showed fewer events of AEFIs and negligible occurrence of COVID19 following immunization. Moreover, the population had appreciable attitude and positive perceptions towards Sputnik V vaccination.
Shock Wave in van der Waals Gas
Authors: Avramenko Andriy A. , Shevchuk Igor V. , Dmitrenko Nataliya P.
Published: February 2022

In this work, an analytical analysis of the dynamics of a van der Waals gas flow passing through a direct shock wave was performed. For this purpose, modified Rankine-Hugoniot conditions were used. The influence of parameters α and β of the van der Waals model and the pressure jump in the shock adiabat was analyzed. Relations for the velocity jump in flow were obtained, and the influence of parameters α and β on the velocity jump was revealed. Calculations made it possible to estimate the limits of applicability of the van der Waals model, within which it adequately describes the physics of the process under consideration.
AMIGO1 Promotes Axon Growth and Territory Matching in the Retina
Authors: Soto Florentina , Shen Ning , Kerschensteiner Daniel
Published: February 2022

Dendrite and axon arbor sizes are critical to neuronal function and vary widely between different neuron types. The relative dendrite and axon sizes of synaptic partners control signal convergence and divergence in neural circuits. The developmental mechanisms that determine cell-type-specific dendrite and axon size and match synaptic partners' arbor territories remain obscure. Here, we discover that retinal horizontal cells express the leucine-rich repeat domain cell adhesion molecule AMIGO1. Horizontal cells provide pathway-specific feedback to photoreceptors—horizontal cell axons to rods and horizontal cell dendrites to cones. AMIGO1 selectively expands the size of horizontal cell axons. WhenAmigo1is deleted in all or individual horizontal cells of either sex, their axon arbors shrink. By contrast, horizontal cell dendrites and synapse formation of horizontal cell axons and dendrites are unaffected by AMIGO1 removal. The dendrites of rod bipolar cells, which do not express AMIGO1, shrink in parallel with horizontal cell axons inAmigo1 knockout(Amigo1 KO) mice. This territory matching maintains the function of the rod bipolar pathway, preserving bipolar cell responses and retinal output signals inAmigo1 KOmice. We previously identified AMIGO2 as a scaling factor that constrains retinal neurite arbors. Our current results identify AMIGO1 as a scaling factor that expands retinal neurite arbors and reveal territory matching as a novel homeostatic mechanism. Territory matching interacts with other homeostatic mechanisms to stabilize the development of the rod bipolar pathway, which mediates vision near the threshold.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons send and receive signals through branched axonal and dendritic arbors. The size of these arbors is critical to the function of a neuron. Axons and dendrites grow during development and are stable at maturity. The mechanisms that determine axon and dendrite size are not well understood. Here, we identify a cell surface protein, AMIGO1, that selectively promotes axon growth of horizontal cells, a retinal interneuron. Removal of AMIGO1 reduces the size of horizontal cell axons without affecting the size of their dendrites or the ability of both arbors to form connections. The changes in horizontal cell axons are matched by changes in synaptic partner dendrites to stabilize retinal function. This identifies territory matching as a novel homeostatic plasticity mechanism.
Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Sekolah Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPS oleh Guru-Guru SMP Negeri Kecamatan Sragen
Authors: Kusani Oktania Nelly , Tukidi Tukidi , Nisa Aisyah Nur Sayidatun
Published: February 2022

Source of learning on teaching is most important thing for educator, as bridge knowledge between teacher with students. Usually learning of social science the teacher use speech method to give lesson for students. That is inclined make the learning boring. This research focused to analysis process of utilization environtmentâ€™s school as source of learning, related planning, implementation and evaluation with obstacle that faced teacher when utilization source of learning environmentâ€™s school. Technique collection of data is interview, observation, note of field, and documentation. This research use qualitative analysis. Result of research indicate that teacher IPS SMP Negeri in Kecamatan Sraegn utilize environmentâ€™s school scope spcae in hedgeâ€™s school as source of learning IPS. Obstacles that faced teacher when use source of learning environmentâ€™s school is limited area school, material lesson, unavaible tool and infrastructure, time, ability of teacher, unreadliness students and teacher age.

Sumber belajar merupakan salah satu hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan oleh pendidik, sebagai jembatan pengetahuan pendidik dengan peserta didik. Pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPS guru biasanya menggunakan metode ceramah dalam menyampaikan materi pada siswa. Hal tersebut cenderung membuat pembelajaran membosankan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proses pemanfaatan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar IPS terkait perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi serta kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam pemanfaatan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, obervasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, guru IPS SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Sragen memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah ruang lingkup dalam pagar sekolah sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh guru IPS dalam memanfaatkan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar, yakni sempitnya lahan sekolah, tidak tersedianya sarana dan prasarana, waktu, kemampuan guru, pengawasan, materi pelajaran, ketidaksiapan siswa, dan usia guru.
Kreativitas Guru dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di Smp Negeri 34 Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Ulul Azmi Frishana Selaksa , Purnomo Arif , Mulianingsih Ferani
Published: February 2022

Teacher is an important part in the learning process. Besides teaching, the teacher should act as facilitator and motivator for students. Teachersâ€™ Creativity is very important as a support in learning to achieve the learning objectives of the students. Efforts which are done by the teachers are showing up new various ideas, new ways that can make students active, and be able to minimize the causes of learning difficulties of students in Social Science or Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) subject. The research method is qualitative research, with the location of the research is in SMP Negeri 34 Semarang. The research result of teacher creativity in overcoming learning difficulties of students in Social Science subject, there were two factors, namely the internal factors and external factors, the teachers were trying in overcoming learning difficulties of students, as for the efforts that have been done by the teachers, there were obstacles that must be faced by the teachers in overcoming learning difficulties of students.

Guru merupakan peranan penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain sebagai pengajar, guru harus berperan sebagai fasilitator dan motivator bagi siswa. Kreativitas guru sangat penting sebagai penunjang dalam pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan belajar siswa. Upaya yang dilakukan guru dengan memunculkan berbagai ide-ide baru, caracara baru yang dapat menjadikan siswa aktif, serta dapat meminimalisir penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan lokasi penelitian di SMP Negeri 34 Semarang. Hasil penelitian kreativitas guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS terdapat dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, guru berupaya dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa, adapun upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh guru, terdapat kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa.
PENGUATAN PERILAKU TOLERANSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SMP PANGUDI LUHUR SALATIGA
Authors: Riyanto Bagja , Lestari Puji
Published: February 2022

SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga is one of the schools that has illustrated diversity, in terms of religion, ethnicity, socio-economy, and gender / gender. This article aims to 1) explain the strengthening of tolerance behavior in social studies learning at SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga. 2) Knowing the driving and inhibiting factors in strengthening tolerance behavior in social studies learning at SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga. The results of this study found that 1) Strengthening can be carried out in the planning stage through integrating the RPP; Implementation through a number of stimuli so that students become accustomed (response) to tolerant behavior (initial, core and closing; Evaluation in the form of journals that have been made by the teacher. God, humble, good role model, loving others, wise, soft-hearted and enthusiastic and determined. 2) The driving factors include the school environment, learning materials, learning methods, awareness and frequency, while the inhibiting factors are teachers lack of training, poor conditions. suspect, supervision and facilities / infrastructure.

SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga adalah salah satu sekolah yang telah menggambarkan adanya keberagaman, dari segi agama, etnis, sosial ekonomi, dan jenis kelamin/gender.  Artikel ini bertujuan untuk 1) Menjelaskan penguatan perilau toleransi dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga. 2) Mengetahui faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam penguatan perilaku toleransi dalam pembelajaran IPS di SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 1) Penguatan dapat dilakukan tahap perencanaan melalui pengintegrasian pada RPP; Pelaksanaan melalui beberapa stimulus agar menjadi pembiasaan pada peserta didik (respon) untuk berperilaku toleran (awal, inti dan penutup; Evaluasi berupa jurnal yang telah dibuat oleh guru. Proses pembelajaran IPS di SMP Pangudi Luhur Salatiga juga berpegang pada nilai-nilai kepangudiluhuran seperti percaya pada Tuhan, rendah hati, teladan baik, mencintai sesama, bijaksana, lembut hati dan semangat serta teguh hati. 2) Faktor pendorong diantaranya lingkungan sekolah, materi pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, kesadaran dan frekuensi, sedangkan faktor penghambatnya guru kurang dibekali dengan pelatihan, kondisi tak terduga, pengawasan dan sarana/prasarana.
PEMANFAATAN SUMBER BELAJAR IPS DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MTs S SULTAN AGUNG SRATI
Authors: Octaviani Nurul Army , Mulianingsih Ferani
Published: February 2022

Region potential based learning is reflected goverment regulations in the 2013 curriculum, where students must be able to link knowledge with all aspects of life. This study used qualitative research methods. Data collections tecniques throught observation interviews, and documentation. Data sources were obtained from primary and secondary data sources. The validity test in the study used triangulation and data analysis techniques consisted of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the learning implementation plan as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. In implementating the learning proces the teacher use the social studies package book and the Menganti Beach tourism booklet as a social science learning resources. The focus of the material in this research is natural resources and maritime materials. The output of the learning is the from of a summary of the material potential of natural and maritime resources. The obstacles found were the lack of learning resources, limited learning media and internet networks.

Pembelajaran berbasis potensi daerah tercermin dalam peraturan pemerintah dalam kurikulum 2013, dimana peserta didik harus mampu mengaitkan pengetahuan dengan seluruh aspek kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data diperoleh dari sumber data primer dan sekunder. Uji validitas dalam penelitian menggunakan triangulasi dan teknik analisis data terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring berpedoman pada kurikulum darurat dan penggunaan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran satu lembar akibat dari adanya pandemic covid-19. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran guru memanfaatkan buku paket IPS dan buklet pariwisata Pantai Menganti sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Fokus materi dalam penelitian ini adalah materi sumber daya alam dan kemaritiman. Adapun output dari pembelajaran tersebut berupa rangkuman materi potensi sumber daya alam dan kemaritiman. Kendala yang ditemukan adalah minimnya sumber belajar, terbatasanya media pembelajaran dan jaringan internet.
Cocinar las palabras que quedan. Un análisis de prácticas lingüísticas y culinarias del pueblo Borán
Authors: Cisneros Vargas Nicole
Published: February 2022

Las tradiciones y la lengua de un pueblo generalmente reflejan su concepción de mundo y muestran las condiciones en las que se ha desarrollado; con el fin de identificar estos elementos en la comunidad indígena de Brorán, localizada en la provincia de Puntarenas, Costa Rica, se analizarán los ingredientes más frecuentes, las técnicas culinarias empleadas y la presentación final de las recetas documentadas en el Diccionario-recetario pictográfico de la alimentación tradicional en Brörán̈ qu’ercuó (el idioma de Térraba) para categorizar el proceso culinario de este pueblo indígena a partir de las nociones de Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Views on the incorporation of Geolocation Devices in Field Trips
Authors: Magallón Marta , Mercader Cristina
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Some outdoor activities may have been self-constrained due to the fear of students getting lost. It is a limitation for the school staff and a constraint for students. However, few studies have been developed regarding the possibilities of geolocation as a solution. Aim. The study aims to explore this brand-new issue that could benefit the management of field trips. The study was developed from a mixed-method perspective with a sample of 51 members of an educational community. Methodology. The methodology included surveys to analyze the level of students’ autonomy and the views on security by parents, teachers, directive team, and students with the possibility of incorporating these devices. Results. Show that using geolocation devices in field trips improves the sense of security and allows students to develop autonomous skills. Conclusion. Geolocation in field trips has great potential, but it is an understudied field that needs more research and discussion to ensure data privacy.
Validación del cuestionario de Competencia Digital Docente en profesorado universitario chileno
Authors: Riquelme-Plaza Irma , Cabero-Almenara Julio , Marín-Díaz Verónica
Published: February 2022

Objetivo. En la actualidad es clave que el profesorado universitario desarrolle competencias para entregar una educación de calidad, entre ellas, la competencia digital. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el “Cuestionario de competencia digital docente” en la escala de uso para el contexto de la educación superior en Chile. Metodología. El método es cuantitativo, un diseño ex post facto. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1 122 docentes. Resultados. Los resultados revelan que el instrumento es válido y fiable. Conclusiones. El modelo obtenido mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el factor de mayor peso es la mantención de los dispositivos que realiza el profesorado universitario y el factor de menor peso es la utilización en la creación de contenido digital. La discusión sobre la preeminencia de la dimensión tecnológica por sobre la pedagógica busca orientar los procesos de mejora en la docencia universitaria.
Apuesta por el aprendizaje significativo desde procesos asincrónicos: algunas acciones para mejorar la equidad educativa a raíz de la COVID-19
Authors: Escobar Galo Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

La Pandemia causada por la COVID-19 provocó que muchos de los procesos educativos que se desarrollaban de forma presencial fueran continuados, de forma inmediata, por medio de la virtualidad informática, siendo estos implementados, en su mayoría, a través de actividades sincrónicas que buscaban simular el aula presencial. En muchos lugares urbanos dicha migra- ción era posible pero no en las poblaciones que tienen poco acceso a internet, sobre todo en el interior del país. El presente ensayo presenta dos herramientas que responden a la atención de las y los estudiantes que sufren las consecuencias de la brecha digital para continuar con regularidad sus estudios, pero que necesitan que las instituciones educativas respondan de forma creativa y efectiva para lograr continuar de forma regular con su formación profesional en el ámbito universitario. La apuesta del presente texto es mostrar cómo los procesos asincrónicos, bien planificados y orientados, pueden responder a las necesidades ya descritas y garantizar el aprendizaje significativo. También se desea exponer, como el uso del WhatsApp puede ser mediado por procesos pedagógicos para que se utilice con fines educativos de forma sincrónica o asincrónica.
Conectividad en la educación superior, desde la perspectiva de igualdad. El caso de las Universidades en México durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Castro Coria Eva Grissel , Gómez Monge Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

El objetivo es estudiar cómo la entrega de bienes y servicios digitales, materializa derechos humanos, especialmente el derecho a la educación, con la intención de revertir la brecha digital. Por este motivo, la metodología pretende identificar ¿cómo se otorgaron bienes y servicios digitales, para promover mejores niveles de conectividad y con ello fomentar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, en niveles de educación superior durante la pandemia de covid-19? 

En consecuencia, la técnica para recolectar la información se apegó al derecho al acceso a la información, y como instrumento se envió un cuestionario a 35 universidades públicas autóno- mas en México, cuyas respuestas se transformaron en variable dicotómica, tablas dinámicas y gráficos personalizados. Los principales resultados refieren que la entrega de bienes y servicios educativos digitales se otorgó en condiciones de equidad, dando a unos, pero no a otros. Por ello las conclusiones identifican como las UPAS amplían su portafolio de plataformas educativas y de herramientas digitales para dar continuidad a los procesos educativos, ante un contexto evidente de desigualdades digitales.
La conectividad y la educación superior en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19, percepciones por estudiantes de universidades públicas (UNA - UCR – UNED - UTN)
Authors: Chanto Espinoza Carlos Luis , Loáiciga Gutiérrez Jorge Luis
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora las percepciones sobre conectividad en la educación superior frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19, por estudiantes de cuatro centros de educación superior de Costa Rica: Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) y Universidad Técnica Nacional (UTN).  Se presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra de 302 estudiantes activos de las universidades en mención de la provincia de Guanacaste, mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, utilizando el cuestionario y la revisión literaria para compilar la información. Es remarcable los resultados que afirman el impacto provocado y la dependencia por la tecnología para la práctica educativa en tiempos de coronavirus, donde una buena conectividad puede marcar la diferencia para un buen desempeño estudiantil. Finalmente, se da por un hecho que existe una baja conectividad en las zonas rurales de Guanacaste, que hay estudiantes sin un equipo tecnológico adecuado para desempeñarse en la presencialidad remota, sumado a un mal servicio de Internet por distintos proveedores y dependencia de las computadoras portátiles y del celular para las actividades sincrónicas y asincrónicas programadas.
An assessment of native forests in Queensland for the potential supply of small-diameter, peeler logs for spindleless lathe rotary-veneer processing
Authors: Leggate William , McGavin Robert L. , Lewis Tom
Published: February 2022

Spindleless lathes have shown great potential for the efficient conversion of small native forest logs in Australia. However, a major impediment to the further commercial adoption of this processing approach for native forest small-diameter logs is the absence of reliable and available data on the quantities of logs possibly available and suitable for this purpose. This study undertaken in hardwood and white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) native forests and at sawmills in Queensland, Australia, demonstrated that there are potentially substantial quantities (up to 10.5 m3 per hectare of Crown native hardwood, 14 m3 per hectare of private forest hardwood and 75,000 m3 per year of Crown white cypress pine) logs suitable for spindleless lathe rotary veneer processing. However, access to and utilization of these logs will depend on many factors including accommodating Government policies and log supply agreements; potential alterations in the code of practice for native forest harvesting, silviculture, tree marking and sales practices; diversion of logs from other uses; and development of appropriate log specifications.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КРЕМНІЙВМІСНОГО МІНЕРАЛУ АНАЛЬЦИМУ ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ФІЗІОЛОГО-БІОХІМІЧНИХ, АЛЕЛОПАТИЧНИХ ТА МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ СИСТЕМИ РОСЛИНА—ҐРУНТ
Authors: Заіменко Наталія , Павлюченко Наталія , Дідик Наталія , Елланська Наталія , Юношева Олена
Published: February 2022

Вступ. Глобальні кліматичні зміни спричинюють нерівномірність опадів, що погіршує водно-фізичні властивості ґрунту та порушує мікробіологічні процеси. Як наслідок може виникати алелопатична ґрунтовтома.Проблематика. Пошук й розроблення нових ефективних та безпечних заходів регулювання фізіолого-біохімічного, алелопатичного й мікробіологічного стану системи рослина–ґрунт є нагальною необхідністю за умов нестабільноїекологічної ситуації.Мета. Оптимізувати фізіолого-біохімічні, алелопатичні й мікробіологічні характеристики системи рослина–ґрунт за умов недостатнього вологозабезпечення та ґрунтовтоми шляхом застосування кремнійвмісного мінералу анальциму.Матеріали й методи. У модельних вегетаційних дослідах вивчали вплив кремнійвмісного мінералу анальцимуу концентрації 0, 100, 200 та 300 мг на 200 мл ґрунтового субстрату на показники росту, водного режиму рослин пшениці та кукурудзи за різних умов зволоження (20, 40 та 60% повної вологоємкості) та типу ґрунтового субстрату. У польовому експерименті анальцим вносили в ґрунтовий субстрат перед посадкою насіння під рослини цукрового буряку у нормі 50 кг/га. У модельних та польових дослідах аналізували перебіг редокс-процесів, вміст фенолів та мікробіологічні показники ґрунту.Результати. Використання анальциму оптимізувало показники росту, водного режиму рослин, а також алелопатичні характеристики системи рослина–ґрунт шляхом зниження вмісту вільних фенолів, активізації розвитку мікробних ценозів й редокс-процесів. При цьому відмічено відсутність фітотоксичного прояву анальциму,Висновки. Запропоновано застосування анальциму для покращення фізіолого-біохімічних, алелопатичних й мікробіологічних властивостей системи рослина–ґрунт. Окреслено перспективи використання мінералу для підвищення адаптаційної здатності рослин за умов посухи та для подолання наслідків ґрунтовтоми.
СТАН ТА НАПРЯМКИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НОРМАТИВНО-МЕТОДИЧНОЇ БАЗИ РОЗРОБКИ РАКЕТНО-КОСМІЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Алпатов Анатолій Петрович , Марченко Віктор Тимофійович , Хорольський Павло Петрович , Сазіна Надія Петрівна
Published: February 2022

Вступ. Виходячи з перспектив промислового виробництва в космосі, космічна галузь є важливим стратегічним ресурсом для кожної країни, а отже, уряди високорозвинених держав створюють необхідні умови для динамічного розвитку власної ракетно-космічної галузі. Створення та виробництво складної високотехнологічної техніки неможливе без застосування розвиненої нормативно-методичної бази, тому задача її розвитку є актуальною.
Проблематика. Необхідність розвитку та вдосконалення спеціальної нормативно-методичної бази розробки ракетно-космічної техніки (РКТ) обумовлена такими їх особливостями як унікальність, наукова та технічна складність, функціонування технічних систем в умовах космічного простору, їхня неремонтопридатність, тривалий життєвий цикл.Мета. Оцінка стану та визначення основних напрямків першочергового удосконалення нормативно-методичної бази РКТ в Україні.Матеріали й методи. У дослідженні використано матеріали щодо сучасного стану та основних напрямків розвиткунормативно-методичної бази для створення зразків РКТ в таких країнах як США, Франція, Німеччина, Італія та Росія. Оцінку сучасного стану нормативно-методичної бази космічної галузі України проводили з використаннямметоду аналогій, як одного із методів системного аналізу.Результати. Проведено оцінку стану нормативно-методичної бази ракетно-космічної техніки в Україні. Незважаючи на наявні недоліки, стан нормативної бази можна вважати задовільним. Натомість стан методичної бази РКТ в Україні вважається незадовільним. Як першочергові кроки з удосконалення методичної бази запропоновано розробку та сертифікацію низки методик, найбільш важливих для підвищення якості менеджменту проєктів зі створення зразків РКТ.Висновки. Необхідно в найближчі роки розробити ряд першочергових галузевих комп'ютеризованих методик, що дозволить керівництву космічної галузі України оперативно та обґрунтовано приймати рішення щодо розробки високоефективних проєктів зі створення нових зразків РКТ.
Increasing Ambition to Reduce the Carbon Trace of Multimodal Transportation in the Conditions of Ukraine's Economy Transformation Towards Climate Neutrality
Authors: Dvigun Alla , Datsii Oleksandr , Levchenko Nataliia , Shyshkanova Ganna , Platonov Oleg , Zalizniuk Viktoriia
Published: February 2022

Introduction. It has been stated that the strategic guideline for the transformation of Ukraine's economy towards climate neutrality is to increase the ambition to reduce the carbon trace of multimodal transportation through the use of an arsenal of effective regulatory and fiscal measures.Problem Statement. The challenge is to find ways to increase the ambition to reduce the carbon footprint of multimodal transportation in the context of transforming Ukraine's economy to climate neutrality.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to developscenarios for reducing the carbon footprint of multimodal transportation to ensure the environment preservation and well-being of the future generations.Materials and Methods. The following methods have been used: economic and mathematical modelling on the basis of correlation-regressive analysis, for determining the dependence of greenhouse gas emissions on fuel consumption in the transport sector, cargo and passenger turnover, GDP, the number of permanent population; decoupling analysis, for estimating the impact of transport on the environment; comparative analysis, for studying the elasticity of greenhouse gas emissions with GDP changes in countries with the length of transport routes close to Ukraine; strategic analysis, for assessing the realism of NDCs2; scenario forecasting, for identifying alternative scenarios of changes in greenhouse gas emissions, provided that the traffic flows increase.Results. For the first time, a mechanism for paying a carbon tax on fuel, which ensures a fair attitude towards environmental pollutants and a reasonable formation of the investment potential of the Decarbonisation Fund. has been proposed.Conclusions. Having chosen the transformation of Ukraine's economy towards climate neutrality as a strategic guideline, the government shall decide to increase the ambition to reduce the carbon footprint of multimodal transportation through the use of an arsenal of effective fiscal measures.
Conflicting Coupling of Unpaired Nucleons and the Structure of Collective Bands in Odd-Odd Nuclei
Authors: Levon A.I. , Pasternak A.A.
Published: February 2022

The conflicting coupling of unpaired nucleons in odd-odd nuclei is discussed. A very simple explanation is suggested for the damping of the energy spacing of the lowest levels in the rotational bands in odd-odd nuclei with the ``conflicting'' coupling of an odd proton and an odd neutron comparative to those of the bands based on the state of a strongly coupled particle in the neighboring odd nucleusentering the "conflicting" configuration.
Про можливість “сухого” тертя у надплинному Не4
Authors: Томченко М.Д.
Published: February 2022

Запропоновано можливе мікроскопічне пояснення "виснаження" ρs гелію-II біля стінки при T > Tc  ~ 0,5–1 K та передбачено можливість існування у He II "сухого" тертя при T ≤ Tc . Обидва ефекти пов'язані з тим, що енергія 2D-ротонів на 2 К менша за енергію 3D-ротонів, тому стінка є потенційною ямою для останніх.
Концентраційна залежність параметрів спектра ЯКР 127І змішаних напівпровідникових шаруватих кристалів (BiI3)1-x(PbI2)x
Authors: Барабаш О.І. , Вертегел І.Г. , Чесноков Є.Д. , Овчаренко О.І. , Гнатенко Ю.П.
Published: February 2022

У роботi представлено результати дослiджень спектрiв ЯКР 127I при 77 K напiвпровiдникових змiшаних шаруватих кристалiв (BiI3)1–x(PbI2)x в широкому iнтервалi 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,50 вмiсту PbI2. Показано, що в дiапазонi 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,20 вмiсту PbI2 поведiнка параметрiв спектрiв ЯКР 127I при 77 K свiдчить про знаходження груп PbI2 в межах структурних шарiв кристала BiI3. При цьому вмiстi PbI2 у змiшаному кристалi (BiI3)1–x(PbI2)x вiдбувається утворення кластерiв з груп атомiв PbI2 острiвного типу. За подальшого збiльшення вмiсту PbI2 у спектрi ЯКР 127I кристала (BiI3)1–x(PbI2)x з’являється нова лiнiя так, що у кристалi (BiI3)1–x(PbI2)x при вмiстi (x ≈ 0,20) PbI2 вiдбувається структурний фазовий перехiд. Стверджується, що синтезований новий кристал при x > 0,20 може бути твердим склоподiбним розчином типу замiщення, в якому групи атомiв PbI2 – iнтеркалянти повнiстюабо частково впорядкованi у промiжках мiж структурними шарами кристала BiI3.
Evolution of New Phase Clusters at the Initial Stages of Binary Alloy Decomposition Described in Terms of a Modified Theory of Nucleation
Authors: Pasichnyy M. , Shirinyan A. , Schmelzer J.
Published: February 2022

The work considers the thermodynamics and the kinetics of initial decomposition stages in a supersaturated binary solid solution inthe framework of the modified nucleation theory. The specific surface energy is considered as a function of intensive state parameters of both the cluster and the matrix, which allows one to uniformly describe clusters of critical, subcritical, and supercritical size. The analysis was performed in two stages. On the first one, the optimal size dependences of the compositions of new phase clusters were determined by analyzing the macroscopic equations of growth of nuclei. On the second stage, we solved akinetic equation to describe the evolution of the size distribution function of new-phase clusters along this optimal composition line.The effect of various kinetic factors on the behavior of the distribution function and characteristics of new-phase clusters was studied. The obtained distributions demonstrate a possibility of the existence of bimodal size distributions of new-phase clusters.
A orientação externa da indústria de transformação brasileira após a liberalização comercial
Authors: FONSECA RENATO , CARVALHO Jr. MÁRIO C. DE , POURCHET HENRY
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Neste artigo, construímos indicadores de orientação externa para a indústria manufatureira brasileira. Esses indicadores nos permitem entender melhor as mudanças na orientação comercial durante os anos 90 e o efeito de um choque externo, considerando os canais de receita (vendas externas e concorrência doméstica com importações) e o custo (insumos importados). O estudo mostra que o coeficiente líquido de orientação externa para o setor manufatureiro como um todo caiu 11,3% entre 1989 e 1998, diminuindo o efeito positivo que a desvalorização da moeda teria no setor manufatureiro.
Foreign Debt Policies in South America, 1929-1945
Authors: ABREU MARCELO DE PAIVA
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT This paper examines the similarities and contrasts of strategies adopted by the larger South American economies - Argentina, Brazil and Chile - in dealing with the problems raised by the fall of their export revenues coupled with the almost complete interruption of the inflow of foreign capital in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The characteristics of foreign indebtedness of these countries in the late 1920s and the ways the external shock affected their balance of payments from 1928-29 to 1933-34 are also considered. Their differentiated adjustment processes including debt adjustment schemes adopted during the 1930s and early 1940s are compared. Permanent debt settlements are described and discussed. Finally, it considers the links between growth performance of these countries and differentiated foreign debt policies.
Rumo a um Sistema de Ensino Superior para Estudantes Indígenas? Universidades interculturais no México
Authors: Dietz Gunther , Cortés Laura Selene Mateos
Published: February 2022

RESUMO No México surgiu, a partir de 2003, um subsistema universitário alternativo explicitamente voltado para estudantes indígenas. Neste artigo examinamos criticamente as assim-chamadas universidades interculturais como um novo tipo de instituição de ensino superior. A análise foi feita por meio de pesquisa empírica oriunda de diferentes estados da arte, de nosso próprio projeto de pesquisa colaborativa-etnográfica realizado em Veracruz e de seminários interinstitucionais organizados anualmente sobre universidades interculturais. Nossa análise aponta tensões e contradições compartilhadas, mas também identifica diferentes tipos de universidades interculturais. Concluímos com algumas recomendações para políticas de ensino superior intercultural no México e na América Latina.