bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy from Waste
Authors: Saha Rupankar , Kumar Singh Binay
Published: May 2020

The objective of this paper is to discuss the various technology and methods for producing energy from waste & its advantages. These technologies are incineration, gasification, plasma arc gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion. These technologies reduce volume of waste, environmental influence threat to public health and the dependency of the fossil fuel for generating power. The efficiency of this technology is up to 20-40%. As per rough idea, a typical 100000 tonnes per annum waste to energy plant will produce around 7MW of electricity, which is sufficient to power approximately 10,000 homes and cost of the energy is around 0.03$ -0.05$ per Kilo-watt Hours depend upon the technologies.
Experimental Study on Effect of Water Spray Characteristics on Performance of Cooling Tower
Authors: Dhurandhar Akshay S. , Kanase-Patil Amarsingh B.
Published: May 2020

Cooling tower is an indispensable part, used as a direct contact type heat exchanger mainly for evaporative cooling. Cooling tower generally dissipates, remove heat from thermal power plants. In an induced draft cooling tower of counter flow, used for a mini-steam power plant, hot water enters at the top, while the air is introduced at the bottom and exits at the top, air is allowed to come in contact with falling water droplets, causing evaporative cooling. A possibility of desired change with different spray angle, patterns, is tried and analysed. On findings, best suited spray nozzle angle resulted is 90°, and amongst three spray patterns, full cone, hollow cone and spiral type nozzle; full cone nozzle of 90° spray angle helps achieving efficiency up to 82%. The range increases successively from 9.8°C to 15.5°C for FC nozzle, in approach to WBT; the desirable fall of 3.56°C is attained with effectiveness of 81.63%.
Adaptive lighting comfort in the classrooms of educational building and student hostel rooms
Authors: Yarramsetty Subbarao , Deka Nikhil Siva , Siva Kumar MVN
Published: May 2020

The comfort level of occupants inside a building depends on various indoor environment factors like thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and indoor lighting quality. According to studies done on indoor environment quality of buildings, lighting plays a very critical role in determining the occupants comfort level. A proper indoor lighting is very important especially in the classrooms of an educational building as well as in student hostel rooms as it can be said as a vital element, controlling the psychology and comfort of the students and hence a deciding factor in the teaching-learning process. The lighting intensity and its distribution depends on the location of the interior partition as well as the design strategy of the exterior envelop. So, in order to obtain the most occupant friendly results, the impact of various strategies adopted should be evaluated in the early design period itself. This paper adopts a questionnaire-based field surveys which is done in the classrooms of National Institute of Technology Warangal and also in the hostel rooms of 1.8K Ultra Mega hostel of this institute. The main objective of this study includes. 1) To assess the indoor lighting comfort in the classrooms and hostel rooms of National Institute of Technology Warangal through a questionnaire-based lighting comfort study. 2) To identify preferences of subjects in the classroom environment with respect to lighting comfort and 3) To identify the comfort range of lighting intensity inside the classrooms and hostel rooms. SPSS software is used analyse the reliability of survey responses by finding the P value.
Speed scaling technique integrated in scheduling of production and maintenance under energy constraints using genetic algorithms
Authors: Assia Sadiqi , Ikram El Abbassi , Abdellah El Barkany , Moumen Darcherif , Ahmed El Biyaali
Published: May 2020

Recently, energy scarcity and environmental pollution have become increasingly serious problems, while the scheduling of energy savings is attracting increasing attention from industries to minimize energy consumption. This article deals with the problem of scheduling production and maintenance under energy constraints in the flow shop. Two mixed binary integer programming models are provided to derive optimal scheduling to minimize total energy consumption (TEC). To solve this problem, we use an approximate method as a genetic algorithm (GA).
A thermostatted model for a network of energy sources: Analysis on the initial condition
Authors: Via Marco Dalla , Bianca Carlo , Abbassi Ikram El. , Darcherif Abdelmoumen
Published: May 2020

The energy multisource network is a complex system characterized by the interactions between the energy sources. Recently the thermostatted kinetic theory has been proposed for the modelling of a hybrid energy multisource network with storage. The present paper is devoted to the presentation of a thermostatted kinetic theory model for a network composed of a non-renewable and a renewable energy source. The storage system is modelled by introducing an outer force field. In particular the modelling interest is addressed to the analysis on the initial condition of the distribution functions which describe the two energy sources.
Investigation of phase equations for anaerobic digestion process of anaerobic bioreactor landfill
Authors: Shinde Priyanka R. , Mali Sandip. T.
Published: May 2020

The anaerobic digestion process consists of four phases hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. In the present work anaerobic digestion process of waste from anaerobic bioreactor landfill is considered and leachate is analyzed chemically for 268 days and out of all 17 parameters, seven major chemical parameters are studied for two reactors R4 and R5 for different reactor conditions and their phase distribution is done by two methods standard and transitory method. These phase distribution also gives phase wise equation, for optimization of entire process each phase equation is essential. The accuracy of curve equations is defined by R2 value. These equations help in formation of mathematical model using MATLAB. This model is useful for defining phase values of parameters. Further quality and quantity of chemical parameters are also defined by these phase values.
Modular architecture shape design recursive algorithm
Authors: Sasportas Raphaël , Mustapha Feriel
Published: May 2020

The architecture and architectural shape of a building plays an important role in the interior housing design, many concepts have been developed to optimize this and to have a housing that reflects both visual and architectural comfort or even thermal one. The evolution of these houses however is not controlled, modular architecture has appeared because among its basic principles is being built from modules that can be assembled, then separately modified or even disassembled, the advantage of this typology of architecture is that it is fast in execution, light in installation and above all has very little impact on the environment in which it is part. These buildings are characterized by more dynamic geometries, which results in a very rich architectural language and an interesting sky line, however, to be able to project all the possibilities is a challenge in itself. In this article the discrete geometry is treated through the development of an algorithm that illustrates the process that allows to expose all possible cell combinations, the latter represents the basic module of modular architecture, the most attracting choices will be arranged to illustrate the formal and architectural optimization of a house. In this study the emphasis will be placed on the mathematical part in order to highlight the relationship between geometry and its influence on the final architectural rendering.
Habitat factors differentiating the occurrence of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in the floodplain of a small lowland River Krąpiel (N-W Poland)
Authors: Szlauer-Łukaszewska Agnieszka , Pešić Vladimir
Published: May 2020

We analysed the occurrence of ostracods in a small river, taking into account all the types of water bodies in the floodplain − these included helocrenes, oxbow lakes, and ponds, as well as the main river channel. The objective of the study was to investigate the variation in ostracod communities and identify those factors determining species distribution. The environmental factors considered were the type of water body, responsible for 17% of the variance, the physical and chemical water properties (29%), and the biotic and abiotic factors associated with the substrate type (23%). Among the factors associated with the substrate, sediment sorting, plant coverage and insolation were the most important. The ostracod fauna of the helocrenes differed from that of the other water bodies in the floodplain. In the water bodies of the Krąpiel valley and in the main river channel, 33 ostracod species were recorded, of which 26 were found in the main river channel. Refugia in the floodplain were the main source of the diversity and abundance of ostracods in the main river channel. The mean density in the main river channel was very low, at 330 indiv. m−2, while in the water bodies of the floodplain it was the greatest, reaching up to 5568 indiv. m−2.
Some aspects of the ecological niche of chironomids associated with submersed aquatic macrophytes in a tailwater
Authors: Grzybkowska Maria , Leszczyńska Joanna , Głowacki Łukasz , Szczerkowska-Majchrzak Eliza , Dukowska Małgorzata , Szeląg-Wasielewska Elżbieta
Published: May 2020

High values of chironomids' production were recorded and analysed in the tailwater of a dam reservoir located on a large river. The values resulted from submersed aquatic macrophytes (SAM) patches that appear on the bottom in summer, as an effect of a specific discharge pattern through the dam. Abundant and taxonomically rich chironomid assemblages develop there, but their populations display different spatial and trophic preferences, which are the main topic of our interest here. We focused on dominant taxa ofOrthocladius/Cricotopusspp.,Chironomus ripariusMeigen andGlyptotendipes cauliginellus(Kieffer), whose abundance and biomass exceeded 90% of all chironomids inhabiting the SAMs. The developmental time of their aquatic stages (cohort production interval − CPI) and thus production, and production to biomass ratio (P:B) differed considerably. A P:B ratio of 13.8 was estimated for the first taxon, a mid-body size scraper living on stems and leaves of SAMs. In contrast, P:B ratios of 5.2-7.7 were assessed for the second and third taxa, rather large body size benthic gathering collectors inhabiting the roots of SAMs. The main food categories of gathering collectors were particulate organic matter trapped by the roots, while scrapers fed on algae developing on leaves and stems.
PET/CT versus PET/MRT bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. , Umutlu Lale , Zarrad Fadi , Fendler Wolfgang P.
Published: May 2020

Die Einführung der integrierten Positronenemissionstomografie/Magnetresonanztomografie (PET/MRT) bietet in der Bildgebung von Kopf-/Halstumoren neue Möglichkeiten der funktionellen Weichteildarstellung. Insbesondere in der Bildgebung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-/Halsbereichs bietet die PET/MRT deutliche Vorteile in der Primär- und Rezidivdiagnostik. Daher soll im Rahmen dieser Übersichtsarbeit der aktuelle Forschungsstand dargestellt werden und das zukünftige Potenzial dieser Modalität aufgezeigt werden.
Therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf die Wiederherstellung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sportlern nach intensiven Lauf- und Fahrradbelastungen – Eine systematische Literaturübersichtsarbeit
Authors: Rink Isabel , Rill Samuel , Baumann Christian
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund Regeneration spielt im Sport eine große Rolle. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnt die Hydrotherapie immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sportarten ist deren mediale Präsenz und damit die Bekanntheit von Kaltwasserimmersionen in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. Die große Bandbreite von Studien erschwert jedoch das Erkennen eindeutiger Handlungsanweisungen für die Praxis. Existierende Reviews beziehen sich meistens auf mehrere Outcome-Parameter oder untersuchen lediglich die physiologischen Parameter.

Ziel Konkrete Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis gewinnen über die Wirkung von Hydrotherapie auf die Wiederherstellung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit mit spezifischen Angaben für Belastungsintensitäten und -arten. Diese systematische Literaturübersichtsarbeit eruiert die aktuelle Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf die Wiederherstellung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sportlern nach intensiven Lauf- und Fahrradbelastungen.

Methode Systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE und Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Anhand definierter Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien sichteten zwei unabhängige Gutachter die später in dieser Arbeit eruierten Studien in den drei genannten Datenbanken. Eine Bewertung des Verzerrungsrisikos der eingeschlossenen Studien erfolgte durch das Risk-of-Bias-Tool von Cochrane.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden sechs randomisierte kontrollierte Studien eingeschlossen. Eine Studie konnte einen positiven Effekt von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf Sprintausdauer und Sprintgeschwindigkeit feststellen, eine Studie zeigte keinen Effekt hinsichtlich der maximalen isometrischen Quadricepsanspannung sowie der Counter-Movement-Jump-Höhe und vier Studien fanden für verschiedene Parameter der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit positive, negative und keine Effekte.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Effektivität von Kaltwasserimmersionen scheint stark abhängig vom Belastungsprotokoll zu sein, welches dem Regenerationsprozess vorausgeht. Dementsprechend sollten für verschiedene Sportarten auch unterschiedliche Immersionsprotokolle angewendet werden. Wie genau diese Protokolle auszusehen haben, muss in zukünftigen Studien spezifisch untersucht werden.
Platelet Purinergic Receptors in Thrombosis and Inflammation
Authors: Gachet Christian , Hechler Beatrice
Published: May 2020

It took approximately 40 years from the seminal identification of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as the factor R, an agent derived from red blood cells inducing platelet adhesion to glass, to the completion of the repertoire of its receptors on platelets and its importance in haemostasis and thrombosis. ADP, either derived from red blood cells or released by platelets themselves, stimulates platelets via two G protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12. In addition, adenosine triphosphate, also contained in the platelet dense granules, activates the P2X1 cation channel. Each of these receptors plays a specific role during platelet activation and aggregation, with relevance to haemostasis, thrombosis and various inflammatory processes where platelets are involved including chronic responses such as atherosclerosis or acute responses such as sepsis, endotoxaemia or allergic asthma. Finally, platelets also express P2Y14, a receptor activated by released uridine diphosphate glucose. Although devoid of any known role in haemostasis, this receptor seems to play a specific role in neutrophil chemotaxis.
Erfolgreiche freie mikrovaskuläre A. radialis-Lappenplastik zur Phalluskonstruktion bei persistierender A. mediana (PMA)
Authors: Schloßhauer Torsten , Kueenzlen Lara , Rothenberger Jens Martin , Sader Robert , Rieger Ulrich Michael
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund Anomalien des Gefäßsystems des Unterarmes können bei der mikrochirurgischen Hebung einer A. radialis-Lappenplastik von großer Bedeutung sein. Insbesondere bei der Verwendung der fasziokutanen Radialislappenplastik zur Bildung eines Penoids ist auf Grund der erforderlichen Größenausmaße der Lappenplastik eine suffiziente arterielle Versorgung von grundlegender Bedeutung. Beim Auftreten einer persistierenden A. mediana können dabei die Perfusionsverhältnisse im Versorgungsgebiet der A. radialis und der A. ulnaris verändert oder diese sogar vollständig rückgebildet worden sein.

Patienten und Methoden Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung aller in unserer Klinik durchgeführten Phalloplastiken mit Radialispenoid von Januar 2016 bis Dezember 2018. Bei allen Patienten wurde die Technik nach Gottlieb und Levine oder nach Chang angewandt.

Ergebnisse In der retrospektiv untersuchten Kohorte von 48 Patienten wurde bei zwei Patienten intraoperativ eine persistierende A. mediana gefunden, was einer Inzidenz von 4,2 % entspricht. Bei beiden Patienten gelang die hinsichtlich der Perfusion komplikationslose Bildung eines Radialispenoids ohne Einschränkungen der Lappenperfusion oder der Perfusion der Hand. Eine Literaturübersicht liefert einen Überblick über die Inzidenz auftretender Aberrationen der Vaskularisierung des Unterarmes und die daraus ableitbaren Konsequenzen für die Planung einer A. radialis-Lappenplastik.

Schlussfolgerung Auch im Falle einer verlässlichen mikrochirurgischen Lappenplastik wie der A. radialis-Lappenplastik sollten dem mikrochirurgisch tätigen Chirurgen die Möglichkeiten der anatomischen Varianten der arteriellen Versorgung des Unterarmes, wie das Vorhandensein einer persistierenden A. mediana, bekannt sein. Der standardmäßig durchzuführende Allen-Test liefert in vielen Fällen keine eindeutige Rückschlussmöglichkeit und bedingt somit häufig erst intraoperative Zufallsbefunde. Eine sorgfältige präoperative Planung und Evaluation der Perfusion sowie die Erörterung von Alternativtechniken sind hierbei notwendig.
Concept verification of a Remote Automatic Scoring System for Evaluating Knee Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Haohua , Zhou Yixin
Published: May 2020

The Knee Society Score (KSS) is the most commonly used scale for evaluating postoperative pain and physical function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, this scale requires clinic visiting, which is not quite convenient. Our concept verification study demonstrated a remote automatic system for evaluating knee function after TKA using the KSS. The remote scoring system consists of two modules for data acquisition, an application for patients, a cloud server, and an application for doctors. The kinematic data are collected by the data acquisition modules and transmitted to the patient application via Bluetooth. The data acquisition module contains a motion sensor, a microcontroller unit, a power supply, and a Bluetooth module. The motion sensor consists of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a geomagnetic sensor, all of which are three-axis instruments. Using the nine-axis data, the three-dimensional (3D) angles are calculated according to the theory of attitude and heading reference system. The KSS score is calculated using a scoring algorithm in the patient application and transmitted to the doctor application through the cloud server. The knee function of 10 patients treated with unilateral TKA was evaluated by both a doctor and the remote scoring system. The consistency in KSS between the doctor and the system was analyzed using the paired t-test. The remote scoring system successfully recorded knee function data and transmitted the scores from the patient application to the doctor application through the cloud server. There was no significant difference in the KSS scores evaluated by the doctor and that by the system (p = 0.326). This remote automatic scoring system provides a reliable and convenient method for evaluating knee function after TKA at home.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Dementia
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Cunningham Daniel J. , Jiranek William A. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Seyler Thorsten M.
Published: May 2020

There are few studies evaluating total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of revision, complication, emergency department (ED) visitation, and discharge disposition in patients with dementia undergoing primary TKA. In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients from 2007 to 2017 using a national database. Ninety-day complications in patients with dementia undergoing TKA were increased risk of ED visitation and skilled nursing facility (SNF) disposition (p  ≤  0.05). Two-year complications in patients with dementia undergoing TKA were increased risk of ED visitation and SNF disposition (p  ≤  0.05). Patients with dementia undergoing TKA are at an increased risk of resource utilization.
Preadmission Diet and Zip Code Influences the Pediatric Critical Care Clinical Course for Infants with Severe Respiratory Illness (N = 187)
Authors: Leimanis Laurens Mara L. , Jaji Amina M. , Montgomery Jessica , Jess Jennifer , Ferguson Karen , Parker Jessica , Sanfilippo Dominic , Rajasekaran Surender
Published: May 2020

We examined preadmission diet and zip code in infants with severe respiratory illness in the pediatric critical care unit. Patients aged 0 to 5 months admitted to the Helen DeVos Children's Hospital from January 2011 to May 2017 (N = 187), as exclusively formula, exclusively breastfed or mixed diet were included. Formula-fed infants (n = 88; 47%) clustered to zip codes with lower median incomes (<0.005), used public insurance as their payer type (p < 0.005), and were prescribed more ranitidine (p < 0.05) on admission.
Nonlinear interaction between bulk point vortices and an unstable interface with nonuniform velocity shear such as Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Matsuoka Chihiro , Nishihara Katsunobu
Published: May 2020

The nonlinear interaction between bulk point vortices and a vortex sheet with initially nonuniform velocity shear is investigated theoretically and numerically by use of the vortex method, taking the incompressible Richtmyer–Meshkov instability as an example. As the point vortices approach the interface, i.e., a nonuniform vortex sheet, they increase the local sheet strength of the vortex sheet, which causes different types of interface deformation depending on the sign of their circulation of point vortices. For example, when the circulation of a point vortex is the opposite sign of the local sheet strength, it induces a new type of vortex pair with an local enhanced sheet vortex. We refer to that as a pseudo-vortex pair in the current study. The pseudo-vortex pair creates a local satellite mushroom at the fully nonlinear stage. The obtained results indicate that the complexity of the interface structure is enhanced if the bulk vortices exist.
An Organized Collection of Theoretical Gas-Phase Geometric, Spectroscopic, and Thermochemical Data of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons, CxHyOz (x, y = 1, 2; z = 1–8), of Relevance to Atmospheric, Astrochemical, and Combustion Sciences
Authors: Simmie John M. , Würmel Judith
Published: May 2020

The objective of this work is to present a unified collection of structural and chemical information on a series of neutral chemical tri-elemental species up to a molecular formula C2H2O8, which may be used for validation purposes, for deep structured learning or indeed more simply for basic data of a single species. Such a collection vastly is tightly focused in terms of its component parts, contains novel results, and covers a number of chemical classes including stable molecules, radicals, carbenes, dipolar species, and excited states. Wherever possible, comparisons are made to the experimental and quantum chemical literature of gas-phase molecules, but the paucity of such means that there is only a very limited scope for validation. The primary data consist of structural information in the form of Cartesian coordinates, rotational constants together with vibrational frequencies, and anharmonicity coefficients, all obtained through density functional, B3LYP, calculations with the cc-pVTZ+d basis set. Standard statistical thermodynamic relations are then used to compute entropy, specific heat at constant pressure, and an enthalpy function over temperatures from 298.15 K to 2000 K. Supplementary material contains all the information necessary to carry out these calculations over different conditions as required as well as the raw species data. High-level quantum mechanical computations employing composite model chemistries, including CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, G3, G4, W1BD, WMS, W2X, and W3X-L, are used to derive formation enthalpies via atomization and/or isodesmic calculations as appropriate.
Machine-learning-assisted metasurface design for high-efficiency thermal emitter optimization
Authors: Kudyshev Zhaxylyk A. , Kildishev Alexander V. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Nanophotonic devices can provide solutions to challenges in energy conversion, information technologies, chemical or biological sensing, quantum computing, and secure communications. The realization of practical optical structures and devices is a complex problem due to the multitude of constraints on their optical performance, materials, scalability, and experimental tolerances, all of which are requirements implying large optimization spaces. However, despite the complexity of the process, to date, almost all nanophotonic structures are designed either intuitively or based on a priori selected topologies, and by adjusting a limited number of parameters. These intuition-based models are limited to ad hoc needs and have narrow applicability and predictive power, with the exhaustive parameter searches often performed manually. Since the comprehensive search in hyper-dimensional design space is highly resource-heavy, multi-objective optimization has so far been almost impossible. Humans' restrained capacity to think hyper-dimensionally also limits the perception of multivariate optimization models, and, therefore, advanced machinery is needed to manage the multi-domain, hyper-dimensional design parameter space. In this work, we merge the topology optimization method with deep learning algorithms, such as adversarial autoencoders, and show substantial improvement of the optimization process in terms of computational time (4900 times faster) and final devices efficiencies (∼98%) by providing unparalleled control of the compact design space representations. By enabling efficient, global optimization searches within complex landscapes, the proposed compact hyperparametric representations could become crucial for multi-constrained problems. The proposed approach could enable a much broader scope of the optimal designs and data-driven materials synthesis that goes beyond photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Counterflow in Bose gas bilayers: Collective modes and dissipationless drag
Authors: Abedinpour Saeed H. , Tanatar B.
Published: May 2020

We investigate the collective density oscillations and dissipationless drag effect in bilayer structures of ultra-cold bosons in the presence of counterflow. We consider different types of inter-particle interactions and obtain the drag coefficient and effect of counterflow on the sound velocity. We observe that counterflow enhances (suppresses) the energy of symmetric (asymmetric) density mode and drives the homogeneous system towards instability. The dependence of the drag coefficient on the spacing between two layers is determined by the form of particle-particle interaction.
Excitation of Josephson plasma waves in a layered high-temperature superconductor slab embedded in a high refractive index dielectric
Authors: Cortés-López S. , Pérez-Rodriguez F.
Published: May 2020

The nonlocal optical response of a layered high-temperature superconductor slab embedded in a dielectric medium is theoretically studied. It is assumed that the layers inside the high-temperature superconductor are parallel to the slab surfaces. We calculate its p-polarization optical spectra by using an average permittivity tensor which depends on both the frequency and the wave vector of the electromagnetic wave. Consequently, additional electromagnetic modes just above the characteristic Josephson plasma frequency, being in the terahertz range, are generated. It is shown that the p-polarization reflectivity spectra for a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ (Bi2212) superconductor slab, embedded in high refractive index dielectric, exhibit prominent dips breaking the total internal reflection. For very small superconductor slab thicknesses, the optical spectra resonances are associated with Fabry-Perot resonances of the short-wavelength electromagnetic modes. In contrast, the long-wavelength electromagnetic modes, having anomalous dispersion relation, are excited at relatively-large slab thicknesses and manifest themselves as strong resonances in both absorption and transmissivity spectra, suppressing the specular reflectivity.
Features of excess conductivity and a possible pseudogap in FeSe superconductors
Authors: Solovjov A. L. , Petrenko E. V. , Omelchenko L. V. , Nazarova E. , Buchkov K. , Rogacki K.
Published: May 2020

The temperature dependence of excess conductivity σ′(Т) has been studied in three polycrystalline samples of the FeSe0.94 superconductor, prepared by different technologies. The measured temperature dependences of the Δ*(T) parameter, which is associated with the pseudogap in cuprates, were analyzed using the local pair model. At high temperatures, all three samples exhibit a high narrow maximum along Δ*(T) at Ts1∼250 K, which is typical for magnetic superconductors. Below T ≈ 225 K, the dependences Δ*(T) become different. Over almost the entire temperature range below Ts1, the S2 sample, prepared by solid state reaction without impurities, exhibits a Δ*(T) that is typical for Fe-pnictides. An exception is the interval between the structural change temperature Ts = 85 K and Tc, where this Δ*(T) exhibits an atypical, broad maximum. An analysis of the obtained dependence suggests the discovery of a pseudogap in this FeSe0.94 sample, below Ts. Samples S1, containing 4 wt.%Ag, and S3, having a nominal composition but containing nonsuperconducting hexagonal phase inclusions, both prepared by partial melting, show identical Δ*(T), but different from S2. They have a number of features that correlate with temperatures at which there are also features along M(T), and the Hall coefficient RH(T) changes signs several times with decreasing T, which indicates that there is change in the type of charge carriers in FeSe. The Δ*(T) dependence of the S3 sample below Ts has almost no maximum, since the nonsuperconducting impurities of the hexagonal phase in S3 prevent the formation of paired fermions near Tc. As a result, S3 also has the minimum local pair density  = 0.26, determined by comparing Δ*(TG)/Δmax near Tc using the Peters–Bauer theory, whereas the dependence Δ*(T) does not follow the theory. S1 has the maximum  = 0.47, supposedly due to the influence of Ag impurities. In S2, which is pure,  ≈ 0.3, which is the same as that of YBa2Cu3O7−δ, and both dependences Δ*(Т) for S1 and S2 follow the theory over a wide temperature range.
Enhancing the ionization efficiency in secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: May 2020

Increasing the charge state of ionized xenon projectiles without changing their impact velocity boosts secondary-ion formation probability of sputtered surface atoms.
Phase-space dynamics of Alfvén mode chirping
Authors: White R. B. , Duarte V. N. , Gorelenkov N. N. , Fredrickson E. D. , Podesta M.
Published: May 2020

In tokamak discharges, toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes often experience complex semi-periodic frequency modulation known as chirping. These events modify the local high energy particle distribution and are expected to occur in many future fusion devices, which include energetic beams or fusion products. This paper presents a study of simulations of mode chirping made in order to better understand its phase-space properties in a realistic tokamak configuration. We find a mechanism that permits rapid repeated chirping with strong amplitude variation in each chirp. Each chirp is associated with an amplitude crash to low magnitude and local manipulation of the density gradients through a shift of mode phase through π. The chirping produces high density clumps, which propagate down the fast ion density gradient and low density holes that propagate up the density gradient away from the resonance. This flow of particles across the resonance provides an energy source and local gradients for repeated chirping.
Controlled bunching approach for achieving high efficiency active region in AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting devices with dual-band emission
Authors: Sun Y. H. , Xu F. J. , Xie N. , Wang J. M. , Zhang N. , Lang J. , Liu B. Y. , Fang X. Z. , Wang L. B. , Ge W. K. , Kang X. N. , Qin Z. X. , Yang X. L. , Wang X. Q. , Shen B.
Published: May 2020

Developing efficient active region structures with low sensitivity to threading dislocation density (TDD) is of great technical significance for AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting devices. Here, we propose an active region strategy by introducing bunching effect to form self-assembled sidewall quantum wells (SQWs) with much stronger carrier confinement, resulting in a significant enhancement of internal quantum efficiency (from 46% to 59%) compared to the commonly adopted multiple quantum wells (MQWs) due to the lower sensitivity to TDD. As a demo, an AlGaN-based DUV light-emitting diode (LED) with the proposed active region involving both SQWs and MQWs presents dual-band emission and a consequent 68% enhancement in light output power compared to the DUV-LED with only MQWs as the active region, suggesting that the proposed architecture is fully suitable for the development of high performance DUV light-emitting devices even based on poor or medium quality materials.
Terminating transient chaos in spatially extended systems
Authors: Lilienkamp Thomas , Parlitz Ulrich
Published: May 2020

In many real-life systems, transient chaotic dynamics plays a major role. For instance, the chaotic spiral or scroll wave dynamics of electrical excitation waves during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias can terminate by itself. Epileptic seizures have recently been related to the collapse of transient chimera states. Controlling chaotic transients, either by maintaining the chaotic dynamics or by terminating it as quickly as possible, is often desired and sometimes even vital (as in the case of cardiac arrhythmias). We discuss in this study that the difference of the underlying structures in state space between a chaotic attractor (persistent chaos) and a chaotic saddle (transient chaos) may have significant implications for efficient control strategies in real life systems. In particular, we demonstrate that in the latter case, chaotic dynamics in spatially extended systems can be terminated via a relatively low number of (spatially and temporally) localized perturbations. We demonstrate as a proof of principle that control and targeting of high-dimensional systems exhibiting transient chaos can be achieved with exceptionally small interactions with the system. This insight may impact future control strategies in real-life systems like cardiac arrhythmias.
Photothermal modulation of human stem cells using light-responsive 2D nanomaterials
Authors: Carrow James K. , Singh Kanwar Abhay , Jaiswal Manish K. , Ramirez Adelina , Lokhande Giriraj , Yeh Alvin T. , Sarkar Tapasree Roy , Singh Irtisha , Gaharwar Akhilesh K.
Published: May 2020

Significance

We demonstrate the ability of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
) to modulate and direct cellular functions of human stem cells through photothermal modulation. The global gene expression profile of stem cells reveals significant influence on integrins, cellular migration, and wound healing by photothermal modulation of MoS
2
. The photostimulation of MoS
2
may provide new approaches to regulate cellular migration and related functions.
Adenine DNA methylation, 3D genome organization, and gene expression in the parasite
Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Lizarraga Ayelen , O’Brown Zach Klapholz , Boulias Konstantinos , Roach Lara , Greer Eric Lieberman , Johnson Patricia J. , Strobl-Mazzulla Pablo H. , de Miguel Natalia
Published: May 2020

Trichomonas vaginalis
is a common sexually transmitted parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract causing infections that range from asymptomatic to highly inflammatory. Recent works have highlighted the importance of histone modifications in the regulation of transcription and parasite pathogenesis. However, the nature of DNA methylation in the parasite remains unexplored. Using a combination of immunological techniques and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), we analyzed the abundance of DNA methylation in strains with differential pathogenicity demonstrating that N6-methyladenine (6mA), and not 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), is the main DNA methylation mark in
T. vaginalis
. Genome-wide distribution of 6mA reveals that this mark is enriched at intergenic regions, with a preference for certain superfamilies of DNA transposable elements. We show that 6mA in
T. vaginalis
is associated with silencing when present on genes. Interestingly, bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of transcriptionally active or repressive intervals flanked by 6mA-enriched regions, and results from chromatin conformation capture (3C) experiments suggest these 6mA flanked regions are in close spatial proximity. These associations were disrupted when parasites were treated with the demethylation activator ascorbic acid. This finding revealed a role for 6mA in modulating three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure and gene expression in this divergent member of the Excavata.
The thermo-wetting instability driving Leidenfrost film collapse
Authors: Zhao Tom Y. , Patankar Neelesh A.
Published: May 2020

Significance

The insulating vapor film formed during film boiling dramatically reduces the heat flux from the surface. This can be highly detrimental in the quenching of metal alloys, the cooling of nuclear fuel rods, and the thermal control of electronic and photonic devices. On the other hand, the vapor film can also be harnessed to reduce liquid–solid drag as well as design levitating, self-rotating rotors and self-propelled droplets for lab-on-a-chip applications. Control of vapor film collapse in different systems and operating conditions is therefore highly desirable. Surface wettability is known to influence this collapse. However, a comprehensive thermo-wetting instability theory that predicts observed data has been elusive. This work proposes such a theory.
The discursive construction of husband and
wife bonding
Authors: Ide Risako , Okamoto Takako
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, we analyze
Japanese women’s narratives about their
child-rearing experiences to reveal the meta-level
of positioning of their husbands’ involvement
through examining the use and non-use of
benefactive verb forms. We pose the grammatical
form of benefactive, especially the -te
kureru form, as a center of meaning
making wherein the ideologies of husband and wife
bonding are negotiated and enacted in the situated
context of interviews. Analyzing the narratives of
women in three different groups (i.e., housewives,
dual-income working women, and farmer women) in
Japan, we demonstrate how the use and the non-use
of -te kureru benefactive
differently indexes husband and wife bonding in
childrearing, while reflecting and reproducing
contrasting ideologies regarding gender relations
within the family.
Confronting the EU referendum as
immigrants
Authors: Hata Kaori
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on how
immigrant Japanese women living in London
categorise themselves in interviews conducted
yearly from 2016 to 2019. Through analyses of
participants’ personal narratives as immigrants
and their relationships with their husbands’
relatives, I investigate (a) how they position
themselves in the post-referendum social order;
(b) how their positioning has changed over the
three-year period; and (c) how their positioning is negotiated with other participants during the course of a group interview. My analysis shows how two kinds
of bonding phenomena emerge during interactions.
The first, social bonding, is a
discursive, ideological practice to connect the
self to social groups, whereas the second,
interactional bonding, refers to
communicative developments participants
create.
Micro-bonding moments
Authors: Bushnell Cade
Published: May 2020

In the present study, I
examine the interaction of one pair of
participants (a first and second language speaker
of Japanese), which is part of a larger corpus of
dyadic initial interactional data gathered by
video recording pairs of participants asked to
participate in a topical discussion task. Bringing
to bear on these data a microethnographic
methodology, I show some of the functions of
laughter deployed by the participants. In
particular, the findings of the analyses indicate
that, in my data, laughter was used both to
indicate the frame or tenor of the interaction, to
display an orientation to and interactionally
co-constitute a moral order, and to negotiate and
coordinate joint participation in a next course of
action.
Participatory, self-organising, and learning
Authors: Yang Jun
Published: May 2020

This article presents a case study on communication in online collaborative translation projects, drawing on a
community of amateur Chinese translators called Yeeyan. Centring on the concept of ‘translaboration’, the study explores the
collaborative dimension of translation by examining conversational discourse during the translation process. It argues that
participants play the role not only of translators, but also of translaborators, who self-organise and resolve various kinds of
issues through collaboration. The study uses dialogue act analysis and social network analysis to investigate the features and
influence of communication that drive and shape translation and other collaborative activities. The findings show that
communication can help mitigate organisational and quality risks in online collaborative translation. A learning process embedded
in peer communication is also found. The study enriches existing knowledge of translaboration as a model of transdisciplinary
research of collaborative practices in multi-agent relationships, collective problem-solving and knowledge communication.
Promoting multimodal practices in multilingual classes of Italian in Canada and in Italy
Authors: Salvato Giuliana
Published: May 2020

This paper offers a qualitative analysis of the responses that 28 advanced learners of Italian in Canada and Italy
contributed to a questionnaire asking them to interpret the meanings and functions of six Italian gestures, alone and in
combination with dialogues. Participants were also asked to comment on their perception of body language in their L1 and in
Italian. The purpose of the exercise was to expand L2 pedagogy towards multimodality, while at the same time accounting for
learners’ multilingualism. We found that participants appreciated a multimodal approach to their Italian language learning
experience. We also found that knowledge of languages typologically related to Italian (i.e. Romance languages) was no guarantee
that our groups of multilinguals would be facilitated in the interpretation of L2 gesture forms and meanings. Rather, the presence
of verbal language in dialogues, the form of gesture, and familiarity with the nonverbal characteristics of interactions in the
target language, helped participants succeed in this multimodal activity.
Grabbing from below: a study of land reclamation in Egypt
Authors: Nour Saker El
Published: May 2020

The article questions state land commodification and the expansion of frontiers in land reclamation projects in Egypt. It does so by drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the form of in-depth interviews and archival research on land tenure relations in Wadi Al-Nukra, Upper Egypt. In the article, actors and structure dynamics are situated in the wider political economy framework in order to guide both the data collection and the discussion surrounding the results. The key finding was that agricultural development in the desert created a particular class formation and resulted in specific land concentration. It did not lead to the hegemony of agribusiness nor to the success of desert agriculture in solving agrarian questions or issues relating to food security and population redistribution. The coexistence of different legal frameworks, development policies and discourses concerning allocation of state land, all of these coming from different backgrounds, has led to the concentration of property and to cronyism. It also reveals a deepening social differentiation and class formation. The land reclamation project in desert areas is increasingly moving towards an acceleration of the commodification of state land used for production, accumulation and speculation.
Impact of the talent development environment on the wellbeing and burnout of Caribbean youth track and field athletes
Authors: Thomas Candice E. , Gastin Paul B. , Abbott Gavin , Main Luana C.
Published: May 2020

This study examined the perceived talent development environment (TDE) of youth track and field athletes within the Caribbean region and explores the relationship with their subjective wellbeing and burnout levels. A sample of 400 Caribbean youth track and field athletes (male = 198, and female = 202; age 13–20 years) participated in this cross‐sectional study. Athletes responded to a survey which included the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ‐5), the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO‐5) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Structural equation modelling showed that a positive and supportive TDE was associated with better athlete wellbeing and lower athlete burnout. Moreover, gender and hours of training moderated relationships of athletes’ perceptions of their development environment with wellbeing and burnout levels respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the support network and athlete wellbeing, while holistic quality preparation was negatively associated with athlete burnout. Development environments perceived as supportive and geared towards a holistic athlete‐centred approach were associated with better athlete wellbeing and lower burnout.
Enhanced ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric response in quenched BiFeO3-based ceramics*
Authors: Pan Qi , Chu Bao-Jin
Published: May 2020

The piezoelectric, ferromagnetism, and magnetoelectric response of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics with the compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the solid solution are systematically investigated after the ceramics have been quenched from a high temperature. We find that the ferromagnetism of the quenched ceramics is greatly enhanced. An enhanced piezoelectric response d
33 larger than 200 pC/N, which could be sustained up to 350 °C, is measured. As a result of enhanced ferromagnetism and piezoelectric response, a large magnetoelectric response ∼ 1.3 V/cm·Oe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m−1) is obtained near the mechanical resonance frequency of the quenched ceramic samples. Our research also shows that in addition to the ferromagnetism and piezoelectric response, the mechanical quality factor is another important parameter to achieve high magnetoelectric response because the physical effects are coupled through mechanical interaction in BiFeO3-based materials. Our work suggests that quenching is an effective approach to enhancing the magnetoelectric response of BiFeO3-based materials and the materials belong to single-phase multiferroic materials with high magnetoelectric response.