bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of Landscape Changes Using Google Earth Historical Imagery in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ebinyo Oreikio Abaye , Alvin Harry Ayowei , Ugochukwu Charles Akajiaku , Desmond Rowland Eteh
Published: February 2022

Assessment and impact on the environment of dumpsites investigated between 1990 and 2015 and 2015 to 2020 in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used to evaluate landscape change from Google Earth Historical Imagery (GIS). Historical Google Earth imagery shows an increase from 1900 to 2015, and again from 2015 to 2020, due to an increase in built-up areas, which resulted in illegal dumpsites in the environment, implying an increase in population due to migration and industrial activities in the area. Six soil samples were collected from illegal dumpsites and one from a control location and analysed for heavy metal ions. The Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb concentrations were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometer. All of the illegal dumpsites were discovered to be located along the market area, close to Epie Creek and the pound. Furthermore, the pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) results show that heavy metal pollution is present in the area. As a result, it is recommended that urban growth be tracked in order to plan ahead of time for various dumpsite locations, and that site suitability studies for landfill selection sites be made available using GIS and remote sensing-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation. Combining remote sensing and GIS, according to the study, could be an effective approach to landscape planning and environmental improvement.
Hybrid client‐server implementation and microservice architecture of automatic documentation analysis software
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Dzyubanenko Anastasia A. , Rabin Alexey V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: February 2022

An approach to the construction of an adaptive architecture for enterprise software has been developed in order to increase the efficiency of automated processing of documents using semantic and cognitive technologies. The proposed approach takes advantage of the existing methods of organizing the architecture of applied software. It is substantiated that the architecture of the developed software for automatic cataloging should have a hybrid clientserver implementation, including elements of modular and microservice architecture. It is shown that a significant reduction in the costs of cataloging, checking the completeness and inventory of documentation, as well as an increase in the quality of design are provided through the semantic analysis of documentation using a knowledge base that is updated automatically.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN JAMU DAUN KATUK (SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS) PELANCAR ASI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENSUKSESKAN GERAKAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI KELURAHAN GUNUNG ANYAR SURABAYA
Authors: Iswati Retno Setyo , Marliandiani Yefi , Latifah Anik , Andarwulan Setiana
Published: February 2022

Gunung Anyar is a village in Gunung Anyar, Surabaya Municipality. In this area the puerperal mother cannot breastfeed properly. One way to overcome this problem is to make herbal drinks from katuk leaves. Some houses in Kelurahan Gunung Anyar have enough area to plant katuk leaf seedlings. Training on making herbal drinks from katuk leaves can improve the skills of cadres and pregnant women. This activity can also build innovation and creativity in varying the utilization of katuk leaves. Method: This activity is carried out through demonstration of making herbal drinks with the target being cadres and pregnant women. Results: The results of the training were very good. All participants actively participate and can train other pregnant women to make herbal drinks from katuk leaves at home. Conclusion: Training can be done at home by pregnant and lactating mothers
SKRINING DAN PENGENDALIAN FAKTOR RISIKO IBU HAMIL DENGAN PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE TERPADU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN MUARA KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA
Authors: Simbolon Juana Linda , Pakpahan Sulastry
Published: February 2022

Background: The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still quite high, based on the results of SUPAS in 2015, the MMR was 305/ 100,000 live births. Efforts to decrease of MMR can be done by ensuring that every mother can access quality health services for pregnant women because every pregnancy has the risk of complications. Integrated antenatal services are carried out including health counseling, antenatal care, case management and follow-up, preparation for delivery and planning for referrals in case of pregnancy. In the initial research conducted in Hutaginjang Village, Muara, there were still pregnant women who did not have their pregnancy checked according to the minimum pregnancy standards. Purpose: Screening and pregnancy risk factors is indispensable for early pregnancy and the potential for emergency pregnancy. Methods: Activities carried out by integrated and free pregnancy examinations for pregnant women include measuring weight / height and arm circumference, vital signs, physical examination, Hb examination, urine protein and glucose, provision of IEC about nutritional fulfillment, overcoming complaints of pregnant women in trimester IIII, preparation for delivery and administration of iron supplements as well as preparation for referrals for mothers who experience complications in their pregnancy. Results: The activity was carried out without any obstacles, with 18 mothers having their pregnancies checked. The results of the examination found several risk factors for pregnancy, namely age under 20 years and above 35 years of parity, history of delivery by sectio, height below 145 cm, anemia, preeclampsia, breech location, hyperemesia gravidarum, gestational diabetes and gemelli pregnancy. Each mother received communication, information and education related to maintaining and improving health during pregnancy and giving iron tablets. Conclusion: Screening and control of pregnancy risk factors is needed to detect early whether the pregnancy is at risk and has the potential for emergency pregnancy, so that the mother can pass her pregnancy well and give birth to a healthy baby.
Hepatitis Autoinmune y Colangitis Biliar Primaria en Paciente con Crioglobulinemia
Authors: Vallejos Rocabado Ana Mabel
Published: February 2022

Paciente mujer de 55 años con antecedente de crioglobulinemia mixta con compromiso renal glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa, enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en estadio G5, presenta cuadro de ictericia, coluria los exámenes complementarios muestran incremento de las pruebas hepáticas con hipertransaminasemia, hiperbilirrubinemia y colestasis, serologías hepáticas virales negativas, anticuerpo antimitocondrial (AMA) +, se realiza biopsia hepática identificando hepatitis de interfase y en el interior de los septos fibrosos, reacción ductal focal y leve proliferación de ramas de la vena porta que están distorsionadas entre gruesas fibras de colágeno, llegando al diagnóstico de síndrome de superposición, se inicia tratamiento con corticoides 1 mgr/Kgr/día y ácido ursodeoxicólico 13 mgr/kgr/día con buena evolución, logrando normalizar las enzimas hepáticas. Ambas patologías “crioglobulinemia mixta y hepatopatías autoinmunes”, son entidades poco frecuentes que presentan buenas respuestas al tratamiento inmunosupresor e inmunomodulador.
The Necessity to Make Errors: The case of German learners of Spanish
Authors: Gebhard Christian Alexander
Published: February 2022

Learners of foreign languages make errors. There has been much debate over whether these errors are to be viewed as something bad, something wrong or something to be avoided. This paper analyses the efficiency of exercises aimed at avoiding the most frequent mistakes German beginning learners of Spanish make. A comparative study shows that learners who make these exercises improve only over their frequency of orthographic errors, but all other types of errors and the total number of errors remain the same as learners who do not make these exercises.
Methodology in 3D laser scanning of a farmhouse
Authors: Moreno-Puchalt Jésica , Almerich-Chulia Ana , Mesarosova Alena , Ferrer Hernández Manuel
Published: February 2022

The urgent need to improve the quality in the refurbishment of traditional buildings has led to the adoption of many innovative technologies. 3D laser scanning is a non-destructive technique used in the study of architectural heritage. It consists of producing millions of accurate 3D points with a very high point density  in a short time. For this reason, it is a valuable alternative or complementary technique for classical topographical measurements based on total station or digital photogrammetry. To get the complete 3D model, multiple shots must be taken from different directions that provide data from all sides of the building. These scans are integrated into a common reference system so that through a process of aligning the information obtained in all the stations, a complete model is achieved in a single file. This model faithfully reproduces the current volume of the building, including its deformations and collapses, and provides very precise information from which to make its geometric survey. With the aim of making a graphic survey of the farmhouse located in the UPV campus, current headquarters of the CEDAT Foundation (Service for Attention to Students with Disabilities), a 3D laser scan was carried out in March 2019. This paper describes the methodology of laser scanning, the specific step during scanning and the possibility of create 2D documentation from 3D model point clouds.
Live music, the new, safer and more effective pill on the market. A case study with hemodialysis patients in a hospital.
Authors: Serrano Soliva Miriam , Carrascosa López Conrado Enrique
Published: February 2022

Abstract People are more vulnerable to presenting anxiety, depression, nervousness, unfavorable quality of life, when they face situations that can threaten their life. Among these situations we find the disease, medical treatments and surgical interventions as the main ones on the list. When people get sick they endure very big and sudden changes in their lives, income, aggressive treatments, endure physical pain, these changes usually generate an unfavorable mood situation to face the disease, and in most cases worsen the previous clinical situation . Throughout history there has always been an awareness of the positive effects that music produces on people and society. Music is applied in education, in the expression of emotions, and also in the healing of patients and in many other situations. We can say that music and medicine are two closely related disciplines, with music being increasingly used as an adjuvant in different pathologies. The objective of our study was to verify the effect of classical music heard live on patients, in this case kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), who have listened to live music while receiving treatment at the Manises hospital.
Qualitative-Comparative Analysis case study: Integration of water into the business strategy
Authors: Diez Martinez Inés , Peiró Signes Angel
Published: February 2022

Qualitative-comparative analysis (QCA) is a research based on Boolean algebra that integrates both qualitative and quantitative elements to perform the analysis of causal conditions for the production of an outcome. This study performs a use case of the QCA methodology, focused on whether water is integrated into the business strategy of companies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study for a “crisp” set, in which variables are dichotomous, where causal conditions and outcomes are either present ot absent for each case. Within the case study, several causal conditions are explored as potential triggers to the integration of water into the business strategy of companies. The causal conditions explored are: whether companies have evaluated the effect of water in their potential growth, whether companies have experienced detrimental impacts linked to water, whether they require suppliers to report on water, and finally, whether companies have identified opportunities linked to water. Results show that the presence of both the conditions of “having evaluated the effects of water” and “identified opportunities linekd to water” represent 72.7% of the positive cases for water integration, thus, potentially being causal conditions that produce the outcome “water integration into business strategy”. However, none of the potential causal conditions are identified as necessary conditions as there is record of companies integrating water even when none of the causal conditions are present.
Spanish innovation strategic plan. Analysis of its instruments, impact and results
Authors: Catalá-Pérez Daniel , Carrascosa López Conrado Enrique , Perello-Marin M Rosario
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this piece of research is to analize public instruments implemented to promote innovation in Spain and the results that were obtained among Spanish innovative companies. Along this paper, the National Innovation Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2013-2020, and its impact, prior to the implementation of the next plan that will cover the period 2021-2027, have been analysed. This piece of research sheds light on the main weaknesses identified in the National Innovation Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation 2021-2027, and particularly how and where it fails in boosting innovation in Spain. The main conclusions are useful for all involved parts, politicians as part of the public sector (Government), industry and academia as fundamental pillar of the Spanish innovation system.
Capitalism, Pedagogy, and the Politics of Being
Authors: Lissovoy Noah De
Published: February 2022

Through reframing central categories in Western critical thought, this book systematically bridges the theoretical traditions of Marxism, Latin American decolonial thought and critical pedagogy. It investigates the relationship between capitalism and coloniality in society and education, and reconceptualizes emancipatory theory and pedagogy in response.

De Lissovoy exposes a logic of violation at the heart of capitalist accumulation and argues that we need to attend to ontological and epistemological orders of domination within which subjectivity takes shape. Challenging the limits of progressive responses, De Lissovoy shows how a new critical imaginary can reorder curriculum in schools and other educational spaces, organize a form of learning beyond the capitalist imperatives of injury and exploitation, and reconstruct pedagogical relationships in the mode of a decolonial and democratic commons.
Aplikasi “Bale Tukang” Berbasis Web di PUPINKA
Authors: Widiarta Made , Rodianto  , Wafia Santoso Nusaibah
Published: February 2022

Bale Tukang Pupinka penyedia tukang yang berada di Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan khusus dalam masalah pembangunan masih sulit untuk dicari karena keterbasan area atau jarak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah sistem informasi jasa tukang berbasis Web sehingga dengan adanya sistem tersebut, Bale Tukang yang berkerjasama dengan Pupinka dapat menunjuk admin untuk menjadi operator dalam menggunakan sistem tersebut agar proses pemesanan jasa tukang berjalan dengan baik serta memudahkan Bale Tukang dalam mengontrol, memonitoring, dan mendata pelanggan di Sumbawa, NTB. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan dalam membangun sistem tersebut menggunakan waterfall, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Sistem ini dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, Java Script, Framework CodeIgniter, dan database MySQL dengan pengujian perangkat lunak menggunakan black-box testing. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah penulis berhasil merancang dan membangun aplikasi pemesanan jasa tukang berbasis web agar dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat selaku costumer sebagai pelanggan dan worker selaku penyedia jasa.
Evaluating complex interventions: What are appropriate methods?
Authors:   Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), Masset Edoardo
Published: February 2022

In this CEDIL Methods Brief, we identify four types of complex development interventions: long causal chain interventions, multicomponent interventions, portfolio interventions, and system-level interventions. These interventions are characterised by multiple activities, multiple outcomes, multiple components, a high level of interconnectedness, and non-linear outcomes. We identify a number of approaches that support the evaluation of different types of complex interventions.
Medicina intensiva para graduação
Authors: Lima Matheus Eugênio de Sousa
Published: February 2022

Dentro das artes médicas, cabe à Medicina Intensiva cuidar dos pacientes considerados críticos, ou seja, bastante graves e que, via de regra, necessitam estar em um ambiente controlado como o da UTI. Durante a graduação pouco se tem experiência, tanto prática, quanto teoria, tornando o assunto por vezes nebuloso aos olhos dos mais inexperientes. Em meio à uma pandemia global e à oferta dos mais diversos empregos, nós, médicos, nos deparamos com a necessidade de nos atualizarmos – ou até mesmo aprendermos! – em relação aos conceitos da Medicina Intensiva. Este livro, portanto, tem como objetivo expor e tentar iluminar esse assunto tão complexo (mas também tão imprescindível) em nossa carreira. Perpassamos, então, diversas áreas: agitação psicomotora poderia ser resolvida por um psiquiatra experiente em emergência, enquanto que tromboses fazem parte do dia a dia dos cirurgiões vasculares e emergencistas, e a síndrome coronariana aguda é bem manejada pelo cardiologista. Porém o médico intensivista deve ter em mente que esta ciência irá exigir uma verdadeira metamorfose entre as especialidades. E que sejam bem-vindo aquele que deseja se aventurar por aqui!
PENGGUNAAN PERMAINAN KARAMBOL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BERHITUNG PADA ANAK TUNAGRAHITA SEDANG
Authors: SUSILAWATI EVI
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena adanya kasus di lapangan ada siswa penulis ketika membeli kue seharga dua ribu seharusnya mendapatkan 3 kue tapi yang diberikan kepada anak hanya 2 kue. Hal ini disebabkan anak hanya tahu angkanya saja tetapi anak belum tahu jumlah bendanya dengan kata lain sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar anak belum paham cara meletakkan benda sesuai dengan lambang bilangannya dan pada hasil observasi awal sebagai besar siswa belum mampu mengambil benda sesuai dengan lambang bilangannya dengan baik. Untuk menjawab hal tersebut, maka dilakukanlah penelitian tindakan kelas untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran berhitung. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan media permainan karambol untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam berhitung. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah: 1. Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya penggunaan media permaianan karambol dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar bagi anak tunagrahita sedang. 2. Untuk mengetahui berpengaruh atau tidaknya penggunaan media permainan karambol  untuk kelancaran proses belajar berhitung bagi anak tunagrahita sedang. 3. Untuk mengetahui dapat tidaknya media permainan karambol menumbuhkan perhatian, minat dan rasa senang bagi anak tunagrahita sedang dalam proses pembelajaran berhitung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang diadaptasi dari model kemmis dan Mc.Taggart. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan. Setiap tahapan terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan,observasi dan refleksi. Kemampuan siswa tunagrahita sedang mengalami peningkatan setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media permainan karambol. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklusnya. Pada siklus pertama rata-rata kenaikan hasil belajar 1% siklus kedua ada peningkatan 0,5% dan siklus ketiga ada peningkatan hasil belajar 0,75%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini yaitu perencanaan pembelajaran berhitung dilakukan dengan tiga siklus. Perencanaan pembelajaran diawali dengan membuat RPP, instrumen penilaian dan instrumen pengamatan. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran berhitung meletakkan benda sesuia dengan lambang bilangannya dengan menggunakan media permainan karambol secara umum berjalan dengan lancar. Kemampuan berhitung siswa kelas VI tunagrahita sedang mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media permainan karambol. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disarankan bahwa media permainan karambol dapat dijadikan medai alternatif dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar berhitung meletakkan benda sesuai dengan lambang bilangannya.
PENDIDIKAN KEJIWAAN (AL-NAFS) DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU BUNAYYA PEKANBARU
Authors: YUNITA YENNI
Published: February 2022

Humans as creatures who were created most perfectly and with the best physical structure, humans must strive to make maximum use of every psychic instrument bestowed upon them so that they can be used to realize the purpose of their creation on earth. Among the psychic instruments that must be empowered and controlled properly is al-nafs (soul). The research method used is also a qualitative field research. The subject of this research is the teacher at the Integrated Islamic Elementary School Bunayya Pekanbaru. While the object of this research is psychological education, one of which is spiritual education (character or behavior education). The data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that the stages of the psychological education process in the form of character education at the Integrated Islamic Elementary School Bunayya Pekanbaru can be seen from programs or activities that lead to character building (behavior) including: Bunayya caring, MABIT (Night Bina Iman and Taqwa), Ifthor Jami ' (Iftar together), Mentor Day, Chile Mentor, Discipline and School Character Enforcer (Pediker), Muhadharah, One Day One Juz (Buanyya Qur'an, Prayer Al-Ma'surat. Then there are several factors that influence psychological education, namely : factors of family or parents, friends, environment, and the influence of television and other electronic media including the internet.
ABSTRAKManusia sebagai makhluk yang diciptakan paling sempurna dan paling baik struktur fisiknya maka manusia mesti mengupayakan penggunaan secara maksimal setiap instrumen psikis yang dianugerahkan kepadanya agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merealisasikan tujuan penciptaannya di muka bumi. Diantara instrumen psikis yang mesti diberdayakan dan dikontrol dengan baik penggunaannya adalah al-nafs (jiwa). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan ini juga merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Guru di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Bunayya Pekanbaru Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah pendidikan kejiwaan salah satunya adalah dengan pendidikan Spriritual (karakter atau pendidikan tingkah laku). Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa Tahapan proses pendidikan kejiwaan berupa pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Bunayya Pekanbaru terlihat dari Program atau kegiatan yang mengarahkan pada pembentukan karakter (perilaku) di antaranya: Bunayya peduli, MABIT (Malam Bina Iman dan Taqwa), Ifthor Jami’ (Buka puasa bersama), Mentor Day, Mentor Cili, Penegak Kedesiplinan dan Karakter Sekolah (Pediker), Muhadharah, One Day One Juz (Buanyya Mengaji, Do’a Al-Ma’surat. Kemudian ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pendidikan kejiwaan yaitu: faktor keluarga atau orang tua, teman, lingkungan, dan pengaruh televisi serta media elektronik lainnya termasuk internet.
RELATIVE UNITY AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL AND MORAL NORMS IN KAZAKH SOCIETY: POLITICAL THEORY ASPECTS
Authors:   Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Absattarov Galymzhan
Published: February 2022

The article discusses issues of relative unity and difference of legal and moral norms in Kazakh society that have not yet been studied in social and political science. The article examines in more detail the political and moral aspects: the difference of the legal and moral norms of Kazakh society; the relative unity of Kazakh law and morality of the people of Kazakhstan and others. The article states that the relative unity of legal and moral norms in Kazakh society is reflected primarily in the difference of the created ways, the forms of their existence and their guarantees. The rules of law are contained in the legislation, presidential decrees, decrees, statutes, orders and other acts of the organs of the Kazakh State, and the rules of morality are contained in the public conscience. Moral norms are transmitted from generation to generation in the form of generally accepted notions of good and evil, of nobility and vileness, etc., are imprinted in folk proverbs, legends, in works of art. However, the article also focuses on discussion issues.
Intraseasonal variation of the northeast Asian anomalous anticyclone and its impacts on air pollution in the North China Plain in early winter
Authors: An Xiadong , Chen Wen , Hu Peng , Chen Shangfeng , Sheng Lifang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The canonical view of the northeast Asian anomalous anticyclone (NAAA) is a crucial factor for determining poor air quality in the North China Plain (NCP) on the interannual timescale. However, there is considerable intraseasonal variability in the NAAA in early winter (November to January), and the corresponding mechanism of its impacts on air pollution in the NCP is not well understood. Here, we find that the intraseasonal NAAA usually establishes quickly on day −3 with a life span of eight days, and its evolution is closely tied to the Rossby wave from upstream (i.e., the North Atlantic). Moreover, we find that the NAAA with a westward tilt might be mainly related to the wavenumbers 3−4. Further results reveal that under this background, the probability of regional air pollution for at least three days in the NCP is as high as 69 % (80 % at least two days) in NDJ period 2000−2021. In particular, air quality in the NCP tends to deteriorate on day 2 prior to the peak day of the NAAA and reaches a peak on day −1 with a life cycle of four days. In the course of air pollution, a shallower atmospheric boundary layer and stronger surface southerly wind anomaly associated with the NAAA in the NCP appear 1 day earlier than poor air quality, which provides dynamic and thermal conditions for the accumulation of pollutants and finally occurrence of the air pollution on the following day. Furthermore, we show that the stagnant air leading to poor air quality is determined by the special structure of temperature in the vertical direction of the NAAA, while weak ventilation conditions might be related to a rapid buildup of the NAAA. The present results quantify the impact of the NAAA on air pollution in the NCP on the intraseasonal timescale.
How are the gravity waves triggered by typhoon propagate from the troposphere to upper atmosphere?
Authors: Li Qinzeng , Xu Jiyao , Liu Hanli , Liu Xiao , Yuan Wei
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) strongly affect atmospheric dynamics, and photochemistry, as well as the coupling between the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Also, GWs generated by strong disturbances in the troposphere (such as thunderstorms, typhoons, etc.) can affect the atmosphere of the Earth ranging from the troposphere to the thermosphere. However, the fundamental process of GW propagation from the troposphere to the thermosphere is poorly understood because it is challenging to constrain this process by observations. Moreover, GWs tend to dissipate rapidly in the thermosphere because the molecular diffusion increases exponentially. In this study, a double-layer airglow network is used to capture the concentric gravity waves (CGWs) over China, which were excited by the Super Typhoon Chaba (2016). We used the ERA-5 reanalysis data and Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1R observations and quantitatively described the physical mechanism of typhoon-generated CGWs propagating throughout the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. We found that the CGWs in the mesopause region were generated directly by the typhoon in the troposphere. However, the backward ray tracing analysis revealed that CGWs in the thermosphere originated from the secondary waves generated by the dissipation of the CGW in the mesopause region, thereby resembling the relay in the context.
Enhanced summertime ozone and SOA from biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions due to vegetation biomass variability during 1981–2018 in China
Authors: Cao Jing , Situ Shuping , Hao Yufang , Xie Shaodong , Li Lingyu
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Coordinated control of fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) and ozone (O3) has become a new and urgent issue for
China's air pollution control. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)
are important precursors of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
formation. China experienced a rapid increase in BVOC emissions as a result
of increased vegetation biomass. We applied WRF-Chem3.8 coupling with
MEGAN2.1 to conduct long-term simulations for impacts of BVOC emissions on
O3 and SOA during 1981–2018, using the emission factors extrapolated
by localized emission rates and annual vegetation biomass. In summer
2018, BVOC emissions were 9.91 Tg (in June), which led to an average
increase of 8.6 ppb (16.75 % of the total) in daily maximum 8 h (MDA8)
O3 concentration and 0.84 µg m−3 (73.15 % of the total) in
SOA over China. The highest contribution to O3 is concentrated in the
Great Khingan Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and most southern regions while
in southern areas for SOA. Isoprene has the greatest contribution to O3,
while monoterpene has the largest SOA production. BVOC emissions have
distinguished impacts in different regions. The Chengdu–Chongqing (CC) region
has the highest O3 and SOA generated by BVOCs, while
the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has the lowest. From 1981 to 2018, the
interannual variation of BVOC emissions caused by increasing leaf biomass
resulted in O3 concentration increasing by 7.38 % at an average rate
of 0.11 ppb yr−1 and SOA increasing by 39.30 % at an average rate of
0.008 µg m−3 yr−1. Due to the different changing trends of
leaf biomass by region and vegetation type, O3 and SOA show different
interannual variations. The Fenwei Plain (FWP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and
Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions have the most rapid O3 increment, while
the increasing rate of SOA in CC is the highest. BTH has the smallest
enhancement in O3 and SOA concentration. This study will help to
recognize the impact of historical BVOC emissions on O3 and SOA and
further provide a reliable scientific basis for the precise prevention and
control of air pollution in China.
Deep-learning-based post-process correction of the aerosol parameters in the high-resolution Sentinel-3 Level-2 Synergy product
Authors: Lipponen Antti , Reinvall Jaakko , Väisänen Arttu , Taskinen Henri , Lähivaara Timo , Sogacheva Larisa , Kolmonen Pekka , Lehtinen Kari , Arola Antti , Kolehmainen Ville
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Satellite-based aerosol retrievals provide global spatially distributed estimates of atmospheric aerosol parameters that are commonly needed in applications such as estimation of atmospherically corrected satellite data products, climate modelling and air quality monitoring.
However, a common feature of the conventional satellite aerosol retrievals is that they have reasonably low spatial resolution and poor accuracy caused by uncertainty in auxiliary model parameters, such as fixed aerosol model parameters, and the approximate forward radiative transfer models utilized to keep the computational complexity feasible.
As a result, the improvement and reprocessing of the operational satellite data retrieval algorithms would become a tedious and computationally excessive problem.
To overcome these problems, we have developed a machine-learning-based post-process correction approach to correct the existing operational satellite aerosol data products.
Our approach combines the existing satellite retrieval data and a post-processing step where a machine learning algorithm is utilized to predict the approximation error in the conventional retrieval.
With approximation error, we refer to the discrepancy between the true aerosol parameters and the ones retrieved using the satellite data.
Our hypothesis is that the prediction of the approximation error with a finite training dataset is a less complex and easier task than the direct, fully learned machine-learning-based prediction in which the aerosol parameters are directly predicted given the satellite observations and measurement geometry.
Our approach does not require reprocessing of the satellite retrieval products; it requires only a computationally fast machine-learning-based post-processing step of the existing retrieval product.
Our approach is based on neural networks trained based on collocated satellite data and accurate ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data.
Based on our post-processing approach, we propose a post-process-corrected high-resolution Sentinel-3 Synergy aerosol product, which gives a spectral estimate of the aerosol optical depth at five different wavelengths with a high spatial resolution equivalent to the native resolution of the Sentinel-3 Level-1 data (300 m at nadir).
With aerosol data from Sentinel-3A and 3B satellites, we demonstrate that our approach produces high-resolution aerosol data with clearly better accuracy than the operational Sentinel-3 Level-2 Synergy aerosol product, and it also results in slightly better accuracy than the conventional fully learned machine learning approach.
We also demonstrate better generalization capabilities of the post-process correction approach over the fully learned approach.
A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans
Authors: Chau Thi Tuyet Trang , Gehlen Marion , Chevallier Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We have estimated global air–sea CO2 fluxes (fgCO2) from the open ocean to coastal seas. Fluxes and associated uncertainty are computed from an ensemble-based reconstruction of CO2 sea surface partial pressure (pCO2) maps trained with gridded data from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas v2020 database. The ensemble mean (which is the best estimate provided by the approach) fits independent data well, and a broad agreement between the spatial distribution of model–data differences and the ensemble standard deviation (which is our model uncertainty estimate) is seen. Ensemble-based uncertainty estimates are denoted by ±1σ. The space–time-varying uncertainty fields identify oceanic regions where improvements in data reconstruction and extensions of the observational network are needed. Poor reconstructions of pCO2 are primarily found over the coasts and/or in regions with sparse observations, while fgCO2 estimates with the largest uncertainty are observed over the open Southern Ocean (44∘ S southward), the subpolar regions, the Indian Ocean gyre, and upwelling systems. Our estimate of the global net sink for the period 1985–2019 is 1.643±0.125 PgC yr−1 including 0.150±0.010 PgC yr−1 for the coastal net sink. Among the ocean basins, the Subtropical Pacific (18–49∘ N) and the Subpolar Atlantic (49–76∘ N) appear to be the strongest CO2 sinks for the open ocean and the coastal ocean, respectively. Based on mean flux density per unit area, the most intense CO2 drawdown is, however, observed over the Arctic (76∘ N poleward) followed by the Subpolar Atlantic and Subtropical Pacific for both open-ocean and coastal sectors. Reconstruction results also show significant changes in the global annual integral of all open- and coastal-ocean CO2 fluxes with a growth rate of +0.062±0.006 PgC yr−2 and a temporal standard deviation of 0.526±0.022 PgC yr−1 over the 35-year period. The link between the large interannual to multi-year variations of the global net sink and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate variability is reconfirmed.
Resistance and resilience of stream metabolism to high flow disturbances
Authors: O'Donnell Brynn , Hotchkiss Erin R.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Streams are ecosystems organized by disturbance. One of the most frequent and variable disturbances in running waters is elevated flow. Yet, we still have few estimates of how ecosystem processes, such as stream metabolism (gross primary production and ecosystem respiration; GPP and ER), respond to high flow events. Furthermore, we lack a predictive framework for understanding controls on within-site metabolic responses to flow disturbances. Using 5 years of high-frequency dissolved oxygen data from an urban- and agricultural-influenced stream, we estimated daily GPP and ER and analyzed metabolic changes across 15 isolated high flow events. Metabolism was variable from day to day, even during lower flows; median and ranges for GPP and ER over the full measurement period were 3.7 (minimum, maximum = 0.0, 17.3) and −9.6 (−2.2, −20.5) g O2 m−2 d−1. We calculated metabolic resistance as the magnitude of departure (MGPP, MER) from the mean daily metabolism during antecedent lower flows (lower values of M represent higher resistance) and estimated resilience as the time until GPP and ER returned to the prior range of ambient equilibrium. We evaluated correlations between metabolic resistance and resilience with characteristics of each high flow event, antecedent conditions, and time since last flow disturbance. ER was more resistant and resilient than GPP. Median MGPP and MER were 0.38 and −0.09, respectively. GPP was typically suppressed following flow disturbances, regardless of disturbance intensity. The magnitude of departure from baseflow ER during isolated storms increased with disturbance intensity. Additionally, GPP was less resilient and took longer to recover (0 to >9 d, mean = 2.5) than ER (0 to 6 d, mean = 1.1). Prior flow disturbances set the stage for how metabolism responds to later high flow events: the percent change in discharge during the most recent high flow event was significantly correlated with M of both GPP and ER, as well as the recovery intervals for GPP. Given the flashy nature of streams draining human-altered landscapes and the variable consequences of flow for GPP and ER, testing how ecosystem processes respond to flow disturbances is essential to an integrative understanding of ecosystem function.
Episodic N2O emissions following tillage of a legume-grass cover crop mixture
Authors: Bressler Alison , Blesh Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Nitrogen fertilizer inputs to agricultural soils are a leading cause of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the U.S. Legume cover crops are an alternative N source that can reduce agricultural N2O emissions compared to fertilizer N. However, our understanding of episodic N2O flux following cover crop incorporation by tillage is limited and has focused on single species cover crops. Our study explores whether increasing cover crop functional diversity with a legume-grass mixture can reduce pulse emissions of N2O following tillage. In a field experiment, we planted crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereal L.), a clover-rye mixture, and a no-cover control at two field sites with contrasting soil fertility properties in Michigan. We hypothesized that N2O flux following tillage of the cover crops would be lower in the mixture and rye compared to the clover treatment, because rye litter can decrease N mineralization rates. We measured N2O for approximately two weeks following tillage to capture the first peak of N2O emissions in each site. Across cover crop treatments, the higher fertility site, CF, had greater cover crop biomass, twofold higher aboveground biomass N, and higher cumulative N2O emissions than the lower fertility site, KBS (413 ± 67.5 g N2O-N ha−1 vs. 230 ± 42.5 g N2O-N ha−1; P = 0.0037). There was a significant treatment effect on daily emissions at both sites. At CF, N2O fluxes were higher following clover than the control 6 days after tillage. At KBS, fluxes from the mixture were higher than rye 8 and 11 days after tillage. When controlling for soil fertility properties across sites, clover and mixture led to approximately twofold higher N2O emissions compared to rye and fallow treatments. We found partial support for our hypothesis that N2O would be lower following incorporation of the mixture than clover. However, treatment patterns differed by site, suggesting that interactions between cover crop functional types and background soil fertility influence N2O emissions during cover crop decomposition.
The biogeophysical effects of idealized land cover and land management changes in Earth System Models
Authors: De Hertog Steven Johan , Havermann Felix , Vanderkelen Inne , Guo Suqi , Luo Fei , Manola Iris , Coumou Dim , Davin Edouard Léopold , Duveiller Gregory , Lejeune Quentin , Pongratz Julia , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Seneviratne Sonia Isabelle , Thiery Wim
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Land cover and land management change (LCLMC) has been highlighted for its critical role in mitigation scenarios, both in terms of global mitigation and local adaptation. Yet, the climate effect of individual LCLMC options, their dependence on the background climate and the local vs. non-local responses are still poorly understood across different Earth System Models (ESMs). Here we simulate the climatic effects of LCLMC using three state-of-the-art ESMs, including the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) and the European Consortium Earth System Model (EC-EARTH). We assess the LCLMC effects using four idealized experiments: (i) a fully afforested world, (ii) a world fully covered by cropland, (ii) a fully afforested world with extensive wood harvesting, and (iv) a full cropland world with extensive irrigation. In these idealized sensitivity experiments, performed under present-day climate conditions, the effects of the different LCLMC strategies represent an upper bound for the potential of global mitigation and local adaptation. To disentangle the local and non-local effects from the LCLMC, a checkerboard-like LCLMC perturbation, i.e., alternating grid boxes with and without LCLMC, is applied. The local effects of deforestation on surface temperature are largely consistent across the ESMs and the observations, with a cooling in boreal latitudes and a warming in the tropics. However, the energy balance components driving the change in surface temperature show less consistency across the ESMs and the observations. Additionally, some biases exist in specific ESMs, such as a strong albedo response in CESM mid-latitudes and a soil thawing driven warming in boreal latitudes in EC-EARTH. The non-local effects on surface temperature are broadly consistent across ESMs for afforestation, though larger model uncertainty exists for cropland expansion. Irrigation clearly induces a cooling effect, however; the ESMs disagree whether these are mainly local or non-local effects. Wood harvesting is found to have no discernible biogeophysical effects on climate. Our results overall underline the potential of ensemble simulations to inform decision making regarding future climate consequences of land-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Airborne ultra-wideband radar sounding over the shear margins and along flow lines at the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Franke Steven , Jansen Daniela , Binder Tobias , Paden John D. , Dörr Nils , Gerber Tamara A. , Miller Heinrich , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Helm Veit , Steinhage Daniel , Weikusat Ilka , Wilhelms Frank , Eisen Olaf
Published: February 2022

Abstract. We present a high-resolution airborne radar data set (EGRIP-NOR-2018) for the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). The radar data were acquired in May 2018 with the Alfred Wegener Institute's multichannel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar mounted on the Polar 6 aircraft. Radar profiles cover an area of ∼24 000 km2 and extend over the well-defined shear margins of the NEGIS. The survey area is centered at the location of the drill site of the East Greenland Ice-Core Project (EastGRIP), and several radar lines intersect at this location. The survey layout was designed to (i) map the stratigraphic signature of the shear margins with radar profiles aligned perpendicular to ice flow, (ii) trace the radar stratigraphy along several flow lines, and (iii) provide spatial coverage of ice thickness and basal properties. While we are able to resolve radar reflections in the deep stratigraphy, we cannot fully resolve the steeply inclined reflections at the tightly folded shear margins in the lower part of the ice column. The NEGIS is causing the most significant discrepancies between numerically modeled and observed ice surface velocities. Given the high likelihood of future climate and ocean warming, this extensive data set of new high-resolution radar data in combination with the EastGRIP ice core will be a key contribution to understand the past and future dynamics of the NEGIS. The EGRIP-NOR-2018 radar data products can be obtained from the PANGAEA data publisher (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928569; Franke et al., 2021a).
Reconstruction of a daily gridded snow water equivalent product for the land region above 45° N based on a ridge regression machine learning approach
Authors: Shao Donghang , Li Hongyi , Wang Jian , Hao Xiaohua , Che Tao , Ji Wenzheng
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important parameter of
surface hydrological and climate systems, and it has a profound impact on
Arctic amplification and climate change. However, there are great
differences among existing SWE products. In the land region above
45∘ N, the existing SWE products are associated with a limited
time span and limited spatial coverage, and the spatial resolution is
coarse, which greatly limits the application of SWE data in cryosphere
change and climate change studies. In this study, utilizing the ridge
regression model (RRM) of a machine learning algorithm, we integrated
various existing SWE products to generate a spatiotemporally seamless and
high-precision RRM SWE product. The results show that it is feasible to
utilize a ridge regression model based on a machine learning algorithm to
prepare SWE products on a global scale. We evaluated the accuracy of the RRM
SWE product using hemispheric-scale snow course (HSSC) observational data
and Russian snow survey data. The mean absolute error (MAE), RMSE, R, and R2
between the RRM SWE products and observed SWEs are 0.21, 25.37 mm, 0.89, and
0.79, respectively. The accuracy of the RRM SWE dataset is improved by
28 %, 22 %, 37 %, 11 %, and 11 % compared with the original
AMSR-E/AMSR2 (SWE), ERA-Interim SWE, Global Land Data Assimilation System
(GLDAS) SWE, GlobSnow SWE, and ERA5-Land SWE datasets, respectively, and it
has a higher spatial resolution. The RRM SWE product production method does
not rely heavily on an independent SWE product; it takes full advantage of
each SWE dataset, and it takes into consideration the altitude factor. The
MAE ranges from 0.16 for areas within <100 m elevation to 0.29
within the 800–900 m elevation range. The MAE is best in the Russian region
and worst in the Canadian region. The RMSE ranges from 4.71 mm for areas
within <100 m elevation to 31.14 mm within the >1000 m
elevation range. The RMSE is best in the Finland region and worst in the
Canadian region. This method has good stability, is extremely suitable for
the production of snow datasets with large spatial scales, and can be easily
extended to the preparation of other snow datasets. The RRM SWE product is
expected to provide more accurate SWE data for the hydrological model and
climate model and provide data support for cryosphere change and climate
change studies. The RRM SWE product is available from “A Big Earth Data
Platform for Three Poles” (https://doi.org/10.11888/Snow.tpdc.271556)
(Li et al., 2021).