bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ankle Instability Patients Exhibit Altered Muscle Activation of Lower Extremity and Ground Reaction Force during Landing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jeon Hyung Gyu , Lee Sae Yong , Park Sung Eun , Ha Sunghe
Published: April 2021

This review aimed to investigate characteristics of muscle activation and ground reaction force (GRF) patterns in patients with ankle instability (AI). Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science through December 2019 for case-control study in any laboratory setting. Inclusion criteria for study selection were (1) subjects with chronic, functional, or mechanical instability or recurrent ankle sprains; (2) primary outcomes consisted of muscle activation of the lower extremity and GRF during landing; and (3) peer-reviewed articles with full text available, including mean, standard deviation, and sample size, to enable data reanalysis. We evaluated four variables related to landing task: (1) muscle activation of the lower extremity before landing, (2) muscle activation of the lower extremity during landing, (3) magnitude of GRF, and (4) time to peak GRF. The effect size using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for these variables to make comparisons across studies. Patients with AI had a lower activation of peroneal muscles before landing (SMD = -0.63, p < 0.001, CI = -0.95 to -0.31), greater peak vertical GRF (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.03, CI = 0.01 to 0.40), and shorter time to peak vertical GRF (SMD = -0.51, p < 0.001, CI = -0.72 to -0.29) than those of normal subjects during landing. There was no significant difference in other muscle activation and GRF components between the patients with AI and normal subjects (p > 0.05). Altered muscle activation and GRF before and during landing in AI cases may contribute to both recurrent ankle and ACL injuries and degenerative change of articular.
Processos formativos na Unidade De Ensino Descentralizada DA ETFRN/Mossoró
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Queiróz Karla da Silva
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, discutimos os processos formativos realizados na Unidade de Ensino Descentralizada (UNED) da Escola Técnica Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (ETFRN), em Mossoró, a partir do início do seu funcionamento, em 1995. A investigação é qualitativa e a recolha de dados se deu, sobretudo, mediante entrevistas abertas com sete docentes e três membros da equipe tecno-pedagógica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), atual denominação da ETFRN. A seleção dos entrevistados teve como critério ser servidor da UNED/ETFRN, em 1995. Além das fontes orais, fizemos uso de documentos escritos, a saber: jornais da imprensa local e informativos impressos para divulgação na instituição à época. As fontes orais e escritas nos levam a concluir que a implantação da UNED foi acompanhada de muitas expectativas. Houve esforços da ETFRN em formar o seu quadro de servidores (pedagogos e docentes) para trabalhar com uma proposta curricular inovadora na Educação Profissional. Entretanto, se alguns docentes aderiram bem a essa formação, outros apresentaram críticas e resistências ao processo formativo e às discussões teóricas que deveriam orientar as suas práticas.
Cursos Técnicos em Agropecuária Integrados ao Ensino Médio
Authors: Goulart Tiago , Bilhão Isabel
Published: April 2021

O artigo trata de aspectos da criação dos cursos técnicos em Agropecuária integrados ao Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – IFRS. Objetiva-se, a partir da análise dos Planos de Curso, cotejar os pressupostos do Ensino Médio Integrado, presentes na legislação e nas discussões teóricas sobre o tema, e as formas de implementação da política nos cursos ofertados nos campi Bento Gonçalves, Ibirubá e Sertão do IFRS. A análise foi feita a partir dos preceitos do método de análise documental próprios do campo da História e, como resultados, busca ampliar a compreensão das formas de interpretação, apropriação e embasamentos de uma macropolítica em um contexto perpassado por características socioeconômicas, históricas e demográficas específicas.
feminziación de la universidad medieval, un fenómeno histórico, antropológico y filosofíco
Authors: Velis Chávez Raúl Humberto
Published: April 2021

El proceso de feminización de las instituciones educativas es un hecho que puede y debe ser analizado desde una perspectiva holística que involucre aspectos no solo peda´gógicos y didácticos, sino también aspectos sociales, antropol´ógicos y filosóficos. En el caso de las grandes Universidades Europeas, las cuales fueron fundadas durante la Edad Media, nacieron como instituciones meramente masculinas, es decir sin la presencia o contribución de las mujeres. Esta situación discriminatoria duraría más de setecientos años ya que sería hasta el siglo XI que las primeras mujeres tendrían la oportunidad de ingresar como estudiantes a estas casas del saber. Por otro lado, el feminismo y su evolución histórica y filosófica ha estado íntimamente ligado a la conquista de diversos derechos de las mujeres, entre ellos uno de los más importantes es el derecho a la educación superior.

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación llevada acabo para analizar precisamente el fenómeno de la feminización de la Universidad de Montpellier y sus posibles nexos con la evolución filosófica del feminismo europeo.
Edward Said e os paralelos entre a ocupação da Palestina e o apartheid na África do Sul
Authors: Sahd Fabio Bacila
Published: April 2021

Analisa-se aqui as comparações recorrentes em Edward Said entre a ocupação israelense e o apartheid sul-africano. Buscamos identificar os elementos elencados pelo intelectual para fundamentar esses paralelos, bem como averiguar como essa analogia foi sendo feita ao longo de sua produção. Houve uma mudança de ênfase, ou mesmo de perspectiva? Quais as características de fundo?  Para isso recorremos a uma leitura seriada e abrangente das obras saidianas, incluindo seus principais livros, mas também artigos midiáticos e entrevistas. O colonialismo é a principal chave teórica utilizada por Said e pensar esses paralelos nos obriga a revisar sua obra como um todo.
(Re)pensando a construção da nação portuguesa no Medievo
Authors: Do Nascimento Denise da Silva Menezes
Published: April 2021

Na discussão sobre os elementos de unidade portugueses devemos destacar as relações existentes entre Estado, nação e identidade enfatizando a ideia de nação como um fenômeno de longa duração, a fim de trazer à tona a importância da Idade Média na constituição da identidade nacional portuguesa. Nessa perspectiva iremos analisar a importância dos mitos de origem para consolidar sentimentos de pertença e coesão do povo lusitano em torno de um agente de poder que se mostrava capaz de garantir a manutenção do bem comum e a justiça equitativa.
Entre a cidade imaginária e a cidade sensível
Authors: Santos Karolline
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo visa compreender a relação da memória performatizada em museus para a construção de pertencimentos e identidades no contexto do Distrito Federal e em que medida o discurso heroico da conquista do sertão e o silenciamento sistemático das memórias dos construtores de Brasília - os chamados candangos como eram conhecidos os trabalhadores da construção civil - tanto de seu mérito como das agruras decorrentes da migração e fixação no Planalto Central, não só reflete como produz ainda hoje a marginalização de moradores de cidades periféricas ao perímetro planejado de Brasília. Sabendo que a mediação cultural exercida por estes espaços não é apenas reflexo ou produto, mas também produtora de sentidos outros, compreendo o direito à memória como caminho para a conscientização e fundamento de uma ação-reflexão.

Palavras-chave: Museus, Distrito Federal, Brasília.
Educação & emancipação pela agência dos movimentos sociais de sexualidade e de gênero
Authors: Gomes Aguinaldo Rodrigues , Silva Robson Pereira da , Lion Antonio Ricardo Calori de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo propõe refletir sobre os movimentos sociais que pautam as questões de gênero e sexualidade, enquanto uma luta por direitos e contra as opressões, sobretudo no que se refere às suas agências na contribuição para uma pedagogia que emancipe sujeitas/os. A partir de conceitos-chave, como "machocracia" e "pedagogia da diferença", é discutido os caminhos pelos quais os movimentos LGBTQIA+ e transfeministas corroboram para o campo da política na conquista de direitos, fazendo-se valer de importantes diálogos de pensadoras/es na crítica aos sistemas excludentes e opressores, pontuando as agências dos movimentos como importantes vozes e ações necessárias ao enfrentamento das violências e injustiças sociais
Política cool, humor fun
Authors: Vieira Thais , Rosa Ferreira João Pedro
Published: April 2021

O filme No, lançado em 2012, será pensado neste texto como possibilidade de refletir não apenas sobre a narrativa fílmica (ou seja, o conteúdo em si: a campanha publicitária pró-plebiscito de 1988, quando os chilenos decidiram não perpetuar a ditadura de Pinochet), mas também acerca do papel do humor nas relações que a sociedade do espetáculo e do consumo na política latino-americana firmou, em especial a partir da década de 1970, isto é, dos problemas colocados no horizonte pós-ditatorial. Em No, o diretor, Pablo Larraín, discute temas como o esvaziamento político e as condições de desengajamento — nesse caso, pela ideia de sociedade humorística.
El misterio del Bildungsroman perdido, o: ¿Qué pasó con el legado de Wilhelm Meister?1
Authors: Sammons Jeffrey L. , Koval Martín Ignacio , Alippe Silvina Inés
Published: April 2021

Se trata aquí de demostrar que la afirmación de que el Bildungsroman es el género más característico de la Alemania del siglo XIX es falsa. Es una “leyenda” elaborada por Wilhelm Dilthey y otros en el contexto de la fundación del II Reich, en lo que puede denominarse el “proceso Guillermino de canonización”. A partir de este, se operó una exaltación del Wilhelm Meister y las novelas románticas como “típicamente” alemanas, en detrimento de una amplia y rica tradición realista con múltiples puntos en común con el desarrollo literario de otros países occidentales.
Early Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Biologic Mesh is Feasible after Catastrophic Abdominal Wall Disruption from Blunt Trauma
Authors: Kajmolli Agon , Azim Asad , McGuirk Matthew , Prabhakaran Kartik , Samson David , Rhee Peter , Latifi Rifat
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWHs) after blunt trauma, while rare, are typically associated with severe injuries, particularly those involved with the seatbelt triad of abdominal wall disruption. The aim of this study is to present a case series of patients with TAWHs that were managed at an early stage post injury with a biological mesh. Materials and Methods: Patients with TAWH undergoing complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR) between 2017 and 2020 were identified from our institutional database. All patients underwent definitive reconstruction using advanced surgical techniques including a posterior component separation with biological mesh (STRATTICE™, Allergan, Inc., Dublin, Ireland) placed in a sublay fashion. Results: Seven patients underwent definitive TAWH repair during their index admission: the median age was 56 years (range 20–77) and the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 34 (29–50). The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle crash (MVC) at 86%, while the most common intra-abdominal concomitant injury was small bowel. Traumatic hernia location was on the right side of the abdominal wall in three patients, left in three patients, and bilaterally in one patient. There were no hernia recurrences or deaths in this small cohort. Conclusion: Traumatic abdominal wall disruption can be safely reconstructed using advanced surgical techniques with a biological mesh during the acute phase or same index hospitalization.
Current Robotic Platforms in Surgery and the Road Ahead
Authors: Rojas Aram , Gachabayov Mahir , Abouezzi Ziad , Bergamaschi Roberto , Latifi Rifat
Published: April 2021

Minimally invasive surgery has rapidly evolved from the once novel laparoscopic approach to advanced robotic surgery. In the past few decades alone, robotic systems have gone from systems which were significantly limited to full-fledged platforms featuring 3D vision, articulated instruments, integrated ultrasound and fluorescence capabilities, and even the latest wireless connectivity, as is now standard. In this review, we aimed to summarize features of currently commercialized and utilized robotic surgical systems as well as currently unfolding platforms. The pros and cons of different robotic surgical systems were discussed. In addition, we discussed the future perspectives of robotic platforms used in general surgery. In this regard, we emphasized that the market, once dominated by Intuitive Surgical Inc., has become occupied by several worthy competitors with new technological giants such as Google. Eventually, the question facing hospital systems will not be of whether or not to invest in robotic surgery, but instead of how they will strike balance between price, features, and availability when choosing robots from the growing market to best equip their surgeons.
IMPACT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ON STIMULATING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Abuselidze Giorgi , Beridze Lasha
Published: April 2021

Public procurement plays an important role in shaping GDP and it acts as a catalyst for the economy and business as a whole. The role of public procurement is especially growing during crises. The current situation around the world does not meet reliable expectations, therefore, in such a case, the business stops the movement of capital within the increased risk, both locally and internationally. At the same time, ensuring the transparency of public procurement and adapting to international standards is of particular importance for Georgia on the path to European integration. The effectiveness of public procurement is assessed by various factors, at the present stage, mainly economically efficient public procurement is distinguished, as well as procurements focused on innovation and care for the environment.
Perlawanan Gerakan Guru Pasca Orde Baru di Indonesia: Studi Pada Federasi Serikat Guru Indonesia (FSGI)
Authors: Afdhal Afdhal , Hidayat Rakhmat
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari fenomena menjamurnya gerakan guru pasca jatuhnya rezim Orde Baru. Guru yang tergabung dalam serikat guru memperjuangkan kualitas pendidikan dan keadilan sosial dalam pendidikan. Salah satu serikat guru yang fokus terhadap misi tersebut adalah Federasi Serikat Guru Indonesia (FSGI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah menjabarkan bagaimana perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh FSGI dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan berkeadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan mengombinasikan beberapa metode pengumpulan data, yakni observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan survey. Sementara itu, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gerakan yang dilakukan oleh FSGI didorong dua hal, yaitu perubahan struktur peluang politik (political opportunity structure) secara eksternal dan proses reproduksi sumber daya gerakan (resource mobilization) secara internal. Perubahan struktur politik di Indonesia terlihat sejak munculnya kebebasan berorganisasi yang tertuang dalam UU No. 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen. Adapun peran FSGI adalah mereproduksi sumber daya gerakan dengan sumber daya material dan jaringan yang kuat terhadap organisasi lainnya. Kedua hal inilah yang menggiring FSGI dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas dan berkeadilan di Indonesia.
Perubahan Sosial di Tosari (Studi Kasus Lunturnya Folklore Masyarakat Desa Tosari, Kecamatan Tosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan)
Authors: Manggala Harwan Dharma Aji
Published: April 2021

Perubahan sosial terjadi di setiap lapisan masyarakat secara disadari maupun tidak. Beberapa hal yang menyebabkan perubahan sosial adalah adanya penemuan baru, adanya revolusi, dan modernisasi yang terjadi di suatu tempat. Perubahan sosial dirasakan di Desa Tosari ditandai dengan lunturnya folklore yang mempunyai hubungan dengan kepercayaan maupun ritual yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses lunturnya Folklore dan mengapa Folklore di masyarakat Desa Tosari mengalami pelunturan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Tosari, Kecamatan Tosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data purposive sampling. Lunturnya folklore masyarakat Desa Tosari dimana menjadi tempat tinggal Suku Tengger terjadi karena adanya pengaruh gagasan baru yaitu agama Islam yang masuk ke dalam masyarakat tersebut. Agama Islam menjadi agama mayoritas di Desa Tosari. Integrasi menjadi kunci dalam perubahan sosial ini.
Conflict Between Farmers and Herdsmen on Food Stability in Taraba State
Authors: B. L. Solomon , O. J. Kaka , S. M. Sarki
Published: April 2021

One major problem confronting the national peace of Nigeria today is the manifestation of conflicts between farmers and herders in different dimensions across the country. This conflict has spread over wide geographical areas in Nigeria and Taraba State in particular. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of farmers-herders conflicts on food production, food availability, food stability and food utilization in Taraba state. Three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses were adopted to guide this study. The study utilized the survey research method and sampled 385 respondents using multistage sampling technique. The data for this study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was generated from a field survey using a structured questionnaire. The study utilized data and infrastructure from multiple policy documents in the State Ministry of Agriculture, Jalingo. Data generated from the field were complemented by extensive review on the farmers-herders conflicts. The data collected were analyzed using a p table, and Percentage and Pearson Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. The study findings revealed that there exists a significant relationship between farmers-herdsmen conflicts and food stability problems in Taraba State; also, there is significant relationship between farmers-herdsmen conflicts and food availability in Taraba State, amongst others. The study concluded that herdsmen do not recognize the existence of any boundary in terms of their grazing, coming in hundreds, usually fully armed with modern guns, and they move with thousands of cattle, sparing no farm. Thus, government should establish sustainable cattle ranching in different parts of Taraba State and encourage medium techniques in cattle rearing to curb the menace of farmers-herders clashes.
Observing Anxiety in the Foreign Language Classroom: Student Silence and Nonverbal Cues
Authors: Maher Kate , King Jim
Published: April 2021

This study looked at multiple forms of silence and nonverbal cues of language anxiety in the foreign language classroom to explore their functions from the perspectives of students. Using the Classroom Oral Participation Scheme (COPS) developed by King (2013), 18 hours of observation produced data on learners’ verbal and non-verbal participation behaviours in Japanese university EFL classes. The data was analysed using the COPS participatory categories. Three recurring forms of silent L2 behaviour were identified: short responses, use of L1, and non-talk. Semi-structured follow-up interviews were carried out with 14 studentswhose silent behaviour was observed and transcribed into a corpus of 43,711 words. In addition to facilitative functions of silence such as cognitive processing, interviewees reported using silence to navigate interpersonal interactions with their classmates and fear of negative evaluation by peers. Findings illustrate how anxious learners may limit social exchanges in the target language for image protection purposes. For example, some students used short responses to avoid revealing a different opinion to their partner that might lead to an awkward interaction. The results suggest that awareness of nonverbal cues and silent behaviour - with multiple forms and functions, should be explored further as an approach to detecting language anxiety in EFL contexts.
Investigating Foreign Language Teacher Anxiety Using SFL’s ATTITUDE and TRANSITIVITY Systems
Authors: Goetze Julia
Published: April 2021

This study investigates language teachers’ verbal construals of classroom anxiety and its cognitive precursors by drawing on the TRANSITIVITY and ATTITUDE systems in systemic functional linguistics (Martin & White, 2005) and integrating them with appraisal theory in cognitive psychology (Smith & Lazarus,1993). Three collegiate-level German teachers in a CLIL-like context participated in a two-week classroom observation sequence, which included 8 in-depth, semi-structured interviews that employed stimulated recall methodology by way of recorded classroom observations. Transcribed interview data were examined using both TRANSITIVITY analysis to capture experiential meanings and a multi-step TRANSITIVITY and ATTITUDE analysis to capture both emotional meanings and cognitive appraisals simultaneously. Findings revealed individual patterns of verbal construals of anxiety for each participant. The multi-step analysis uncovered discernible patterns for the verbal construal of cognitive appraisals that are strongly associated with both participants’ feelings of anxiety and their beliefs about the nature of language teaching. Based on these findings, a new system network for the description and approach to the analysis of foreign language (FL) teacher emotions is proposed and implications of the findings for future research into teacher emotions and beliefs, as well as for teacher training, emotional well-being, and foreign language pedagogy research are discussed.
Identity and Agency Development in a CLIL-based Teacher Education Program
Authors: Moate Josephine , Ruohotie-Lyhty Maria
Published: April 2021

A consensus exists in applied linguistics that agency and identity are key concepts in understanding teacher development. Although a large body of research has focused on studying language teacher and learner identity and agency separately, less attention has been paid to the relationship of these concepts in individual development. In this contribution, we use an ecological perspective to explore and illustrate the interplay between and development of agency and identity. The participants in the study were primary school teacher students specializing in foreign language pedagogy for younger learners and studying in a CLIL-based teacher education program. The qualitative data were collected through reflective essays focusing on the Finnish student teachers’ past, present, and future relationships with the English language during different phases of their bachelor’s studies.
Involving Students in Educational Design: How Student Voices Contribute to Shaping Transdisciplinary CLIL History Materials
Authors: Bauer-Marschallinger Silvia
Published: April 2021

Although many studies have investigated students’ perspectives towards Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), few studies have actively involved learners when creating research-based materials. The scarcity of such studies also stems from the limited number of research projects that operationalize scientific insights for classroom implementation in the first place. This paper is connected to such a study, set within a design-based research (DBR) framework. Apart from investigating theoretical underpinnings of content and language integration, this ongoing PhD study also involves the development of research-based transdisciplinary content-and-language-integrative teaching materials over several cycles. Amongst other forms of data collection, focus group interviews with students before and after each intervention formed a central element of the design process. This work-in-progress article is concerned with the students’ role in shaping content-and-language-integrative materials, shedding light on their concerns and needs at various stages in the design process. Initial results suggest that the learners’ voices were crucial in the development of these materials. Moreover, in line with the overall thrust of DBR, it appears that a one-time intervention does not suffice even when considering the students’ beliefs and needs. Instead, several cycles of development are needed to create an approach that works for the learners.
The State and Challenges of Human Trafficking in Nigeria: Implications for National Peace and Security
Authors: Abiodun Temitope Francis , Akinlade Marcus Temitayo , Oladejo Olanrewaju Abdulwasii
Published: April 2021

In the West African sub-region, the trend of trafficking in persons is widespread; and the phenomenon now attaining its peak unhindered, has actually portrayed Nigeria as a nation occupying a central position as an originating state, transit and destination for victims of trafficking. There is also evidence of internal trafficking from rural zones to cities. The menace of human trafficking in Nigerian state has taken an indescribable facet in the last two decades owing to the factors of; massive unemployment, poverty, recession in the economy, conflicts, globalization, existing weak legal system, and inadequate legislation, and political will. Trafficking in person is an organized crime and a modern form of slavery. The two methods used by traffickers to get their victims are deception and through force. Human trafficking has continued to strive in Nigeria because of shameful connivance among the Nigeria’s security agencies, Embassies, airline officials and human traffickers. The study adopts Marcus Felson and Lawrence Cohen’s Routine Activity and the Kevin Bales’ Modern Slavery theories (1979; 1999). 500 copies of questionnaire were administered to a set of purposively selected respondents with the In-Depth Interview Guide to elicit information on the subject. The study in its findings reveals that human trafficking has continued to strive in Nigeria because of connivance from the security, immigration, embassy, airline officials and traffickers while the menace has put Nigeria’s identity black in the global system. The study therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should swiftly endeavour to address the issue of massive unemployment and poverty in the state as well as create enabling environments for entrepreneurship for the citizenry; also the national laws, international conventions and protocols that have legal potencies to curb trafficking must be implemented or strengthened; and finally, fighting human trafficking in Nigeria requires more efforts to create public awareness of the crime, organize counseling, rehabilitation and re-integration program for the victims.
Presentación
Authors: Vargas-Téllez Geormar
Published: April 2021

En el marco del segundo aniversario el equipo técnico de la revista Cuaderno Jurídico y Político decidió realizar una publicación especial monotemática de Derecho del trabajo, en la cual se realizó la convocatoria para la publicación de investigaciones científicas a miembros de asociaciones e instituciones nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la temática. Se recepcionaron cuarenta artículos de los cuales se priorizó la publicación de un artículo por cada país remitente.
Los retos del Derecho del Trabajo y de la seguridad Social en la actualidad. Perspectiva latinoamericana
Authors: Álvarez Oscar Hernández
Published: April 2021

Los países latinoamericanos no conforman una realidad homogénea desde el punto de vista social económico y político. Sin embargo, el proceso de formación histórica y cultural determinó factores comunes, los cuales permiten hacer análisis generales sobre su realidad. En el campo del Derecho del trabajo, a estos factores se une la existencia de fuentes comunes que influyeron en el proceso de su consolidación a mediados del Siglo XX específicamente las legislaciones chilena y mexicana de 1930 y los Convenios de la OIT. En el presente artículo se analiza la realidad que presenta en la actualidad del Derecho del trabajo en América Latina y los principales retos que debe enfrentar en un contexto caracterizado por una dinámica contradicción entre las tendencias flexibilizadoras y garantistas, por severos problemas de eficacia de la legislación, por una gran presencia de trabajo informal y de trabajo autónomo tutelados, por un gran déficit en la seguridad social, por la debilidad del movimiento sindical y por dificultades en adaptar la legislación a las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo y a las nueva tecnologías.
Wood supply challenges in Alberta – Growing more timber is the only sustainable solution
Authors: Pinno Bradley D. , Thomas Barb R. , Lieffers Victor J.
Published: April 2021

The industrial wood supply from public lands is at risk in Alberta from natural disturbances and landbase withdrawals while simultaneously being asked to provide for an increasing timber harvest rate. While maintaining the timber landbase is critical, we believe that the only truly sustainable way of increasing wood supply is by growing more wood. Meeting these wood supply goals will require the application of tree improvement and intensive silviculture programs on the best sites to increase timber productivity, reduce rotation lengths, and close timber supply gaps. In this article, we present the main ideas from a recent Canadian Institute of Forestry – Rocky Mountain Section workshop on wood supply in Alberta and provide what we see as the best path forward to meeting our wood supply goals – growing more timber.
The Effect of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone on Sleep Breathing Disorders
Authors: Naghan Parisa , Setareh Javad , Malekmohammad Majid
Published: April 2021

Opioids are used widely as analgesics and can play an important role in agonist maintenance therapy for opium dependence. Despite their benefits, the negative effects on the respiratory system remain an important side effect to be considered. Ataxic breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and most of all central sleep apnea are among these concerns. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to various metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and mental side effects and may result in abrupt mortality. Buprenorphine is a semisynthetic opioid, a partial mu-opioid agonist with limited respiratory toxicity preferably used by these patients, as it is accompanied by significantly lower risk factors in the development of obstructive and central sleep apnea. In this manuscript, the case of a patient is reported who underwent methadone maintenance therapy which was shifted to buprenorphine in order to observe possible changes in sleep-related breathing disorders. The results of this study indicate a reduction in these problems through the desaturation and apnea hypopnea index of methadone substituted by buprenorphine while no change in sleepiness was observed.
Znaczenie koloru w twórczości MVRDV
Authors: Zaguła Artur , Jaruga-Rozdolska Anna
Published: April 2021

Wpływ koloru na ludzką podświadomość i psychikę jest tematem badań naukowców wielu dziedzin nauki – zakres wpływu barw na człowieka jest szeroki oraz złożony, a czynniki powodujące reakcje na daną barwę mają podłoże zarówno biologiczne, psychologiczne, emocjonalne, jak i kulturowe. Odwołując się do rezultatów badań na temat teorii koloru, analizie został poddany ich wpływ na odbiór obiektów architektonicznych – zarówno w zakresie oddziaływania w bliższym ich widzeniu – odbioru projektu, jak i dalszym – w ramach szerszego kontekstu czy założenia urbanistycznego. W artykule zostały przytoczone wybrane projekty holenderskiej pracowni MVRDV, wyróżniające się dużym udziałem intensywnych, jasnych i czystych barw, ze zwróceniem uwagi na znaczenie ich użycia w projektach architektonicznych, urbanistycznych, wnętrz oraz instalacji artystycznych. Rozważania teoretyczne uzupełnione są odpowiedzią jednej z wiodących architektek z rotterdamskiej pracowni – Fokke Moerel, na postawione w ramach artykułu pytania.
Badania wczesnego skurczu betonu wykonanego z użyciem cementu
CEM-III/A-32,5-LH/HSR/NA
Authors: Kamiński Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wczesnego skurczu autogenicznego i skurczu przy wysychaniu betonu o niskim cieple hydratacji, stosowanego do wykonywania masywnych konstrukcji. Porównano wpływ różnych warunków pielęgnacji wodnej na wartości skurczu autogenicznego i od wysychania. Dane uzyskane z badań mogą stanowić istotny element analizy rysoodporności masywnych płyt fundamentowych oraz zaleceń dotyczących sposobów ich pielęgnacji w celu ochrony przed wczesnym zarysowaniem skurczowym.
Towards Advances on Software Architecture Design ofConstituents for Systems-of-Systems: Enabling Operational Independence
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Gabriel , Graciano Neto Valdemar Vicente
Published: April 2021

Over the years, knowledge on how to engineer software-intensive system-of-systems (SoS) have been expanded and advanced. However, challenges still remain. Constituent Systems (CSs) are required to instantaneously connect themselves to a SoS while still preserving their own operational independence. Moreover, SoS CS are subject to a sort of heterogeneities that makes it difficult to make decisions outside predefined frameworks, environment and hierarchical command-control structures. Hence, many of the systems currently available are not prepared to be part of an SoS, i.e., they can not maintain their operational independence despite their participation in one or more SoS. Based on this context, the main goal of this research is to exploit how to design a software architecture for systems that are intended to become part of a SoS in the future. To achieve this goal, we chose the urban mobility SoS domain, and then executed a software architecture design process to design a software architecture for an autonomous car as CS of this SoS. Later, we evaluated it through simulation. Preliminary results reveal that our proposal comply with the requirements raised during the architectural design process and can enable a system to be a constituent of a SoS while still preserving its operational independence.
Um Guia para Identificação e Mensuração de Dívida Técnica de Requisitos no Desenvolvimento de Software
Authors: De Melo Ana Carolina Candido , Fagundes Roberta Andrade de A. , Santos Wylliams B.
Published: April 2021

Contexto: Dívida Técnica (DT) descreve as consequências que os projetos de software enfrentam durante o seu desenvolvimento, ocasionada muitas vezes, quando tarefas não são realizadas adequadamente. Inicialmente, a DT possuía foco nas atividades de codificação, mas no avanço das investigações, o conceito foi ampliado nas demais fases do desenvolvimento de software, a exemplo, na engenharia de requisitos. Problema: A DT de requisitos está relacionada a distância entre o valor ideal da especificação dos requisitos e a implementação real do sistema, a qual são consequências das decisões estratégicas para ganhos imediatos, ou mudanças não propositais no contexto. Independentemente, é necessário mantê-la gerenciada para assegurar a evolução do software. Identificação e mensuração são as duas primeiras etapas do processo de gerenciamento, no entanto, na engenharia de requisitos ainda são pouco exploradas em pesquisas acadêmicas. Objetivo: Neste contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um guia que possa auxiliar profissionais de software a identificar e mensurar a DT de requisitos existente em seus projetos. Metodologia: Para isso, a pesquisa está sendo desenvolvida através de quatro etapas. A primeira referente a coleta de evidências, objetiva identificar as informações que serão disponibilizadas no guia. A segunda refere-se ao desenvolvimento da proposta, nela as informações identificadas anteriormente serão analisadas para na sequência o guia ser desenvolvido. Na terceira etapa referente a validação, o guia será avaliado por especialistas da área. Por fim, na quarta etapa de análise e conclusão, considerações e resultados sobre a eficácia do guia serão apresentadas. Resultados: Como resultados parciais, já foram identificadas causas que ocasionam no surgimento da DT de requisitos; estratégias existentes para auxiliar na identificação e mensuração; métricas utilizadas na etapa de mensuração; assim como dificuldades apontadas ao realizar essas atividades.
Towards a Quantitative Model to Deal with Uncertainty Management in Software Projects
Authors: Barbosa Jefferson Ferreira , De Moura Hermano Perrelli , Marinho Marcelo Luiz Monteiro
Published: April 2021

The evolution of thinking in project management has raised interest in areas not yet explored by researchers and practitioners of project management, including the management of uncertainties associated with risk management. The correct risk and uncertainty management in software projects can represent a competitive differential for the software development industry. Despite the increasing use of uncertainty management strategies, many projects still fail. Some recent studies show that the current techniques used to manage uncertainties organize the project's known information, but give little or no indication of the unknown information or uncertainties associated with the project. These techniques do not take into account the impact of existing dependency and interdependence relationships between the various sources of uncertainties in the project. This work will apply Action Research to develop a model with a focus on uncertainty quantification techniques. This work aims to present a model with a focus on uncertainty quantification techniques that take into account the relationships of dependencies and interdependence that exist between the sources of risks and uncertainties in software projects and as a result, contribute with the advance of state of the art in the practice of risk and uncertainty management in project software.
Quantifying the Effects of Refactorings on Bad Smells
Authors: Tavares Cleiton Silva , Bigonha Mariza A. S. , Figueiredo Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Refactoring aims to remove bad smells and increase software maintainability by improving the software structure without changing its behavior. Even with the existence of tools to assist refactoring, many developers do not trust in their solutions, claiming that some studies show that refactoring may even introduce new bad smells into the source code. However, we do not find a complete catalog that states when this may occur. To investigate this subject deeply, the goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the effects of refactoring on the detection of bad smells. Specifically, we want to know if and what refactoring removes bad smells or introduces them. To achieve our goal, we plan to conduct empirical studies to provide a catalog showing these situations.
Assessing JavaScript API Deprecation
Authors: Nascimento Romulo , Figueiredo Eduardo , Hora Andre
Published: April 2021

Building an application using third-party libraries is a common practice in software development. As any other software system, code libraries and their APIs evolve over time. In order to help version migration and ensure backward compatibility, a recommended practice during development is to deprecate API. Although studies have been conducted to investigate deprecation in some programming languages, such as Java and C#, there are no detailed studies on API deprecation in the JavaScript ecosystem. The goal of this master research work is to investigate deprecation of JavaScript APIs. In a first assessment, we analyzed popular software projects to identify API deprecation occurrences and classify them. We are now conducting a survey study with developers to understand their thoughts and experiences on JavaScript API deprecation. Lastly, we plan to develop a set of JavaScript API deprecation guidelines based on this master research result. Initial results suggest that the use of deprecation mechanisms in JavaScript packages is low. However, we were able to identify five different approaches that developers primarily use to deprecate APIs in the studied projects. Among these solutions, deprecation utility (i.e., any sort of function specially written to aid deprecation) and code comments are the most common practices in JavaScript. Finally, we found that the rate of helpful message is high: 67% of the deprecation occurrences have replacement messages to support developers when migrating APIs.
Loggi: Treinamento Localizado em Automatização de Teste de Software em Ambiente Empresarial
Authors: Vincenzi Auri M. R. , Barbosa Ana P. S. , Sousa Cássio Dos Santos , Polimanti Cauê , Oliveira Felipe , De Paula Gustavo , Maldonado José C.
Published: April 2021

A Loggi, criada em 2013, é uma das empresas unicórnios no Brasil, com soluções inovadoras e relevantes no setor de logística, com forte base em tecnologias digitais. O conhecimento teórico, o conhecimento de aspectos de automatização do processo e de evidências do custo e eficácia de critérios, técnicas e ferramentas de testes são de fundamental importância para a construção de produtos de software de qualidade. Salienta-se que dispor de material de treinamento e capacitação em automatização de teste de software, considerando essa vasta gama de tecnologias e ferramentas, é desafiador e indispensável. Neste artigo relata-se um treinamento bem sucedido em automatização em teste de software instanciado para o contexto da Loggi Tecnologia. O grande diferencial está na combinação de teoria com prática intensiva com base em produtos de software da empresa e ferramentas já adotadas no desenvolvimento das soluções na empresa.
Assessment of companies’ safety processes maturity in requirements engineering with Uni-REPM SCS
Authors: Vilela Jéssyka , Martins Luiz Eduardo G. , Gorschek Tony , Castro Jaelson
Published: April 2021

Safety is an important quality attribute in the development of safety-critical systems (SCS). This attribute can be achieved by improving safety processes maturity to reduce accidents and safety incidents. In this work, we present a safety module called Uni-REPM SCS for the Uni-REPM maturity model. We describe the methodology used to develop the module, how we built and validated it and further research and possibilities of collaboration.
H.I.D.R.A.: A Hierarchical, Interactive and Dynamic Recognition Architecture for Product Categorization
Authors: Ferreira Renato Cordeiro , Bonadio Ígor , Resende Vinicius , Marouelli Beatriz , Koch Junior , Oliveira Henrique , Fadelli Leandro , Alponti Helton , Formento André , Vedovato Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

The Hierarchical, Interactive and Dynamic Recognition Architecture (H.I.D.R.A.) for Product Categorization is a new intelligent system architecture developed by Elo7 to easily evolve its category tree and automatically classify millions of products, thus improving the page ranking of our marketplace.
Desafios na adoção de MLOps por time DevOps - projeto de co-desenvolvimento entre Governo e Academia para a introdução de e-gov 3.0
Authors: Aguiar Carla Silva Rocha
Published: April 2021

A adoção de sistemas de machine learning tem acelerado nos últimos anos, pela disponibilazão de ferramentas, frameworks e bibliotecas. Enquanto a implantação de um sistema de machine learning é facilitado, os desafios relacionados a manutenção e evolução desses modelos tem sido pouco falado, e pesquisas e surveys mostram que os engenheiros ainda tem dificuldade de operacionalizar e padronizar os processos para o deploy contínuo. Nesse contexto, relato minha experiência coordenando a adoção de MLOps durante uma parceria sem precedentes entre o governo e academia por 24 meses para a introdução de serviços e-gov 3.0. A partir da análise post-mortem dos dados dos projetos de sistemas de Machine learning desenvolvidos, um chatbot e um serviço de recomendação, levantei um conjunto de lições aprendidas e melhores práticas para a adoção bem sucedida de MLOps de uma equipe que já madura na cultura DevOps.
Feature Interactions in Highly Configurable Systems: A Dynamic Analysis Approach with Varxplorer
Authors: Rocha Soares Larissa , Almeida Eduardo , Machado Ivan , Kästner Christian
Published: April 2021

Highly-configurable systems provide significant reuse opportunities by tailoring system variants based on a set of features. Those features can interact in undesired ways which may result in faults. Thus, we propose VarXplorer, a dynamic and iterative approach to detect suspicious interactions. To evaluate whether VarXplorer helps improving the performance of identifying suspicious interactions, we performed two empirical studies. Our results shows that from the VarXplorer graphs, participants are able to identify suspicious interactions more than 3 times faster compared to the state-of-the-art tool. Additionally, the iterative detection process provides a more efficient feature interaction analysis, reducing the data developers needs to check to find problematic interactions.
Automatically Fixing Static Analysis Tools Violations
Authors: Marcilio Diego , Bonifácio Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Static analysis tools analyze source code to find deviations, or violations, from recommended programming practices defined as rules. A warning is raised when a piece of code violates any rule. Even though these tools can help to identify defects, developers still face several barriers when using them. Among the challenges are the significant number of reported warnings, often caused by false-positives, and the need to devise fixes, a repetitive and error-prone process. In this work, we addressed these two difficulties in two stages: 1) we identified which kind of rules are mostly fixed by Java developers when using SonarQube (a widely used static analysis tools); 2) we implemented a tool that provides automatic fixes for a subset of the previously commonly fixed found rules. The results obtained indicate that providing automatic fixes for commonly fixed warnings is feasible and welcomed by developers.