bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do conviction narratives drive individual decisions?
Authors: King Mervyn
Published: May 2023

Conviction Narrative Theory is an interesting and plausible way to think about how individuals make decisions when quantitative assessments are not open to them. The question I pose is the following. Is there any general result about how decisions should be taken independent of the particular circumstances of that decision?
Narratives, environments, and decision-making: A fascinating narrative, but one to be completed
Authors: Marewski Julian N.
Published: May 2023

I encourage Johnson et al. to ground Conviction Narrative Theory in more detail in foundational, earlier decision-making research – first and foremost in Herbert Simon's work. Moreover, I wonder if and how further reflections about narratives could aid tackling two interrelated grand challenges of the decision sciences: To describe decision-making environments; to understand how people select among decision-strategies in environments.
Conviction Narrative Theory gains from a richer formal model
Authors: Caldwell Leigh
Published: May 2023

Conviction Narrative Theory (CNT) is a convincing descriptive theory, and Johnson et al.'s formal model is a welcome contribution to building more precise, testable hypotheses. However, some extensions to the proposed model would make it better defined and more powerful. The suggested extensions enable the model to go beyond CNT, predicting choice outcomes and explaining affective phenomena.
Psychological frameworks augment even classical decision theories
Authors: Ford Matthew Charles , Kay John Anderson
Published: May 2023

Johnson, Bilovich, and Tuckett set out a helpful framework for thinking about how humans make decisions under radical uncertainty and contrast this with classical decision theory. We show that classical theories assume so little about psychology that they are not necessarily in conflict with this approach, broadening its appeal.
How do narratives relate to heuristics?
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd
Published: May 2023

Narratives and heuristics are both tools for dealing with uncertainty, intractability, and incommensurability, that is, for all real-world situations outside the domain of Bayesian decision theory. But how do narratives and heuristics relate? I suggest two links: Heuristics select narratives to explain events, and “big” narratives select the heuristics that people live by, to execute their values and moral principles.
Making the unconscious conscious: Developing maladaptive scripts into conviction narratives
Authors: Siegel Paul
Published: May 2023

In his ‘script theory,' Tomkins first proposed that people unconsciously organize their life experiences in terms of narrative structures he termed “scripts.” I use a clinical vignette to illustrate how the psychotherapeutic process of “making the unconscious conscious” involves becoming aware of the maladaptive scripts that people unwittingly live by, and developing them into the “conviction narratives” proposed by the authors.
What makes narratives feel right? The role of metacognitive experiences
Authors: Schwarz Norbert
Published: May 2023

Conviction Narrative Theory holds that reasoners adopt “a narrative that feels ‘right’ to explain the available data” and use “that narrative to imagine plausible futures” (target article, Abstract). Drawing on feelings-as-information theory, this commentary reviews the role of metacognitive experiences of ease or difficulty and highlights that fluently processed narratives are more likely to “feel right.”
Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescent triplets
Authors: Wong Jessica W. , Bock Erin , Kee Wooi Seng , Anderson Aleisha J. , Kothari Darshan , Tarca Adrian J.
Published: May 2023

Multiple studies have reported myocarditis and pericarditis after the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine. We describe male adolescent triplets who presented with myopericarditis within one week following vaccine administration.
Eine Frage der Wertschätzung, Passung und Normen
Authors: Chakraverty Veronika , Zimmer Heinz , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung: Unter der Prämisse, dass dauerhafte gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen (dgB) eine Barriere für das Erleben von Inklusion im Arbeitsumfeld sein können, wurde in der Studie nach organisationalen Rahmenbedingungen für das Inklusionserleben von Arbeitnehmenden mit dgB gesucht. In der Analyse von Fragebogendaten ( N = 801) mittels Partial-Least-Squares-Strukturgleichungsmodellierung zeigte sich, dass insbesondere ein wertschätzendes und sicheres Teamklima eine wichtige Rolle für die Vorhersage des Inklusionserlebens spielte. Darüber hinaus erwiesen sich auch individuell angepasste Arbeitsplätze, die Ermöglichung von Mitgestaltung und Potenzialentfaltung und das Vorhandensein positiver Rollenmodelle als eigenständige Prädiktoren. Diese Ergebnisse erweitern das Wissen zur Etablierung inklusiver Praktiken, Strukturen, Werte und Normen in Organisationen.
Trauma Practice
Authors: Baranowsky Anna B. , Gentry J. Eric
Published: May 2023

New edition of this effective toolbox for treating trauma survivors is even more comprehensive
This popular, practical resource for clinicians caring for trauma survivors has been fully updated and expanded. It remains a key toolkit of cognitive behavioral somatic therapy (CBST) techniques for clinicians who want to enhance their skills in treating trauma. Baranowsky and Gentry help practitioners find the right tools to guide trauma survivors toward growth and healing. Reinforcing this powerful intervention is the addition of a deeper emphasis on the preparatory phase for therapists, including the therapists’ own ability to self-regulate their autonomic system during client encounters.
Throughout the acclaimed book, an effective tri-phasic model for trauma treatment is constructed (safety and stabilization; working through trauma; reconnection with a meaningful life) as guiding principle, enabling a phased delivery that is fitted to the survivor’s relational and processing style. The authors present, clearly and in detail, an array of techniques, protocols, and interventions for treating trauma survivors (cognitive, behavioral, somatic, and emotional/relational). These include popular and effective CBST techniques, approaches inspired by research on neuroplasticity, and interventions informed by polyvagal theory. Many techniques include links to video or audio material demonstrating how to carry-out the intervention. Further sections are devoted to forward-facing trauma therapy, a safe, effective, and accelerated method of treating trauma, and to clinician self-care.
Over 40 video and audio demonstrations of many of the techniques are available for download. There are also 36 handouts for clients that can be downloaded and printed for clinical use.
Effects of Secondary Carbonate Precipitation and Dissolution on Changjiang (Yangtze) River Chemistry and Estimates of Silicate Weathering Rates
Authors: Li Shilei , Li Gen K. , Li Weiqiang , Chen Yang , Raymo Maureen E. , Chen Jun
Published: May 2023

Riverine solute chemistry has long been used to infer modern weathering fluxes and processes by assuming that river‐dissolved loads are conservative mixtures of weathering products of different lithologies. Secondary carbonate precipitation and re‐dissolution are important processes that can alter the original weathering fluxes. However, it remains less well understood how secondary carbonates affect the solute chemistry of large rivers and the estimates of silicate weathering rates. Here we report the elemental and Sr‐Mg isotopic compositions of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) water collected biweekly from May 2010 to April 2011 and use this data set to explore the influence of secondary carbonate precipitation and re‐dissolution on the Changjiang river chemistry. Variable Ca/Sr and Ca/Mg ratios but stable 87Sr/86Sr and δ26Mg are observed, which can only be explained by the precipitation and dissolution of secondary carbonates. Across a range of possible Ca/Mg ratios of the primary weathering flux, we estimate that up to 30% of the dissolved Ca carried by Changjiang was controlled by secondary carbonate precipitation and re‐dissolution. Using inverse modeling, we show that secondary carbonate precipitation and re‐dissolution have a minor influence on the calculated silicate weathering rates. Our findings provide new insights into how secondary carbonates affect water chemistry in large river systems, highlighting the role of secondary carbonate precipitation and re‐dissolution in modulating riverine dissolved fluxes in the Changjiang basin.
Atmospheric CO2 Depletion Near the Surface in the Martian Polar Regions
Authors: Piqueux Sylvain , Hayne Paul O. , Kleinböhl Armin , Kass David M. , Schreier Mathias , McCleese Daniel J. , Richardson Mark I. , Schofield John T. , Heavens Nicholas , Shirley James H.
Published: May 2023

The kinetic temperature of the Martian seasonal caps is controlled by the partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 at the surface. When carbon dioxide condenses, typically near the poles, light non‐condensable species (Ar, N2, CO, etc.) accumulate in the atmosphere, resulting in a decrease of the CO2 partial pressure and depressing the local frost point temperature. The buoyant air should mix laterally and vertically within the polar vortices. Observations show that the Martian seasonal caps' kinetic temperatures are ∼0–4 K below the expected CO2 frost point, depending on latitude and season, indicating atmospheric CO2 gas depletion at the surface/atmosphere interface. In the North and South, we find relatively similar non‐condensable peak enhancement factors (e.g., EFNC ∼ 6–8, up to ∼8.7 in the North) at most latitudes, confirming the efficient meridional mixing within the polar vortices, despite steep surface condensation gradients. In the South, this surface enhancement is similar to column‐integrated values derived from Gamma Ray Spectrometer data, indicating efficient vertical mixing. But in the North, the surface depletion is much larger than in the entire column, suggesting poor vertical mixing. Reduced infrared emission of the seasonal caps stemming from CO2 depletion is not a major energy balance factor. This work illustrates how the atmosphere's composition at the surface can be significantly different from column‐integrated values.
Modeling Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency Curves for the Whole Range of Non‐Zero Precipitation: A Comparison of Models
Authors: Haruna Abubakar , Blanchet Juliette , Favre Anne‐Catherine
Published: May 2023

Intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves are useful in water resources engineering for the planning and design of hydrological structures. As opposed to the common use of only extreme data to build IDF curves, here, we use all the non‐zero rainfall intensities, thereby making efficient use of the available information. We use the extended generalized Pareto distribution to model the distribution of the non‐zero rainfall intensities. We consider three commonly used approaches for building IDF curves. The first approach is based on the scale‐invariance property of rainfall, the second relies on the general IDF formulation of Koutsoyiannis et al. (1998, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00097-3), and the last approach is purely data‐driven(Overeem et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.044). Using these three approaches, and some extensions around them, we build a total of 10 models for the IDF curves, and then we compare them in a split‐sampling cross‐validation framework. We consider a total of 81 stations at 10 min resolution in Switzerland. Due to the marked seasonality of rainfall in the study area, we performed a seasonal‐based analysis. The results reveal the model based on the data‐driven approach as the best model. It is able to correctly model the observed intensities across duration while being reliable and robust. It is also able to reproduce the space and time variability of extreme rainfall across Switzerland.
Predation of oomycetes by myxobacteria via a specialized CAZyme system arising from adaptive evolution
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Chaonan , Wang Jihong , Liu Muxing , Wang Juying , Hu Jiexiong , Liu Lin , Liu Xinyu , Xia Chengyao , Zhong Lingli , Zhao Yuqiang , Ye Xianfeng , Huang Yan , Fan Jiaqin , Cao Hui , Wang Jingjing , Li Yuezhong , Wall Daniel , Li Zhoukun , Cui Zhongli
Published: May 2023

As social micropredators, myxobacteria are studied for their abilities to prey on bacteria and fungi. However, their predation of oomycetes has received little attention. Here, we show that Archangium sp. AC19 secretes a carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) cocktail during predation on oomycetes Phytophthora. These enzymes include three specialized β-1,3-glucanases (AcGlu13.1, –13.2 and –13.3) that act as a cooperative consortium to target β-1,3-glucans of Phytophthora. However, the CAZymes showed no hydrolytic effects on fungal cells, even though fungi contain β-1,3-glucans. Heterologous expression of AcGlu13.1, –13.2 or –13.3 enzymes in Myxococcus xanthus DK1622, a model myxobacterium that antagonizes but does not predate on P. sojae, conferred a cooperative and mycophagous ability that stably maintains myxobacteria populations as a mixture of engineered strains. Comparative genomic analyses suggest that these CAZymes arose from adaptive evolution among Cystobacteriaceae myxobacteria for a specific prey killing behavior, whereby the presence of Phytophthora promotes growth of myxobacterial taxa by nutrient release and consumption. Our findings demonstrate that this lethal combination of CAZymes transforms a non-predatory myxobacterium into a predator with the ability to feed on Phytophthora, and provides new insights for understanding predator-prey interactions. In summary, our work extends the repertoire of myxobacteria predatory strategies and their evolution, and suggests that these CAZymes can be engineered as a functional consortium into strains for biocontrol of Phytophothora diseases and hence crop protection.
Identification of heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) targets involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rehati Aliya , Abuduaini Buzukela , Liang Zhao , Chen Dong , He Fangping
Published: May 2023

Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, which regulates cell metabolism, particularly lipid metabolism. While HSPA5’s role in regulating cell function is well described, HSPA5 binding to RNA and its biological function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still lacking. In the present study, the ability of HSPA5 to modulate alternative splicing (AS) of cellular genes was assessed using Real-Time PCR on 89 NAFLD-associated genes. RNA immunoprecipitation coupled to RNA sequencing (RIP-Seq) assays were also performed to identify cellular mRNAs bound by HSPA5. We obtained the HSPA5-bound RNA profile in HeLa cells and peak calling analysis revealed that HSPA5 binds to coding genes and lncRNAs. Moreover, RIP-Seq assays demonstrated that HSPA5 immunoprecipitates specific cellular mRNAs such as EGFR, NEAT1, LRP1 and TGFß1, which are important in the pathology of NAFLD. Finally, HSPA5 binding sites may be associated with splicing sites. We used the HOMER algorithm to search for motifs enriched in coding sequence (CDs) peaks, which identified over-representation of the AGAG motif in both sets of immunoprecipitated peaks. HSPA5 regulated genes at the 5′UTR alternative splicing and introns and in an AG-rich sequence-dependent manner. We propose that the HSPA5-AGAG interaction might play an important role in regulating alternative splicing of NAFLD-related genes. This report is the first to demonstrate that HSPA5 regulated pre-RNA alternative splicing, stability, or translation and affected target protein(s) via binding to lncRNA and mRNA linked to NAFLD.
Lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting the degradation of CDC42 in mice
Authors: Jiang Lang , Zhao Jing , Yang Qin , Li Mei , Liu Hao , Xiao Xiaoyue , Tian Song , Hu Sha , Liu Zhen , Yang Peiwen , Chen Manhua , Ye Ping , Xia Jiahong
Published: May 2023

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has received great attention due to its high incidence. Here, we show that lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) is associated with NASH progression through extensive bioinformatical analysis. The protein level of LAPTM5 bears a negative correlation with NAS score. Moreover, LAPTM5 degradation is mediated through its ubiquitination modification by the E3 ubquitin ligase NEDD4L. Discovered by experiments conducted on male mice, hepatocyte-specific depletion of Laptm5 exacerbates mouse NASH symptoms. In contrast, Laptm5 overexpression in hepatocytes exerts diametrically opposite effects. Mechanistically, LAPTM5 interacts with CDC42 and promotes its degradation through a lysosome-dependent manner under the stimulation of palmitic acid, thus inhibiting activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Finally, adenovirus-mediated hepatic Laptm5 overexpression ameliorates aforementioned symptoms in NASH models.
Microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits for broadband laser beam scanning
Authors: Sharif Azadeh Saeed , Mak Jason C. C. , Chen Hong , Luo Xianshu , Chen Fu-Der , Chua Hongyao , Weiss Frank , Alexiev Christopher , Stalmashonak Andrei , Jung Youngho , Straguzzi John N. , Lo Guo-Qiang , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S.
Published: May 2023

Laser beam scanning is central to many applications, including displays, microscopy, three-dimensional mapping, and quantum information. Reducing the scanners to microchip form factors has spurred the development of very-large-scale photonic integrated circuits of optical phased arrays and focal plane switched arrays. An outstanding challenge remains to simultaneously achieve a compact footprint, broad wavelength operation, and low power consumption. Here, we introduce a laser beam scanner that meets these requirements. Using microcantilevers embedded with silicon nitride nanophotonic circuitry, we demonstrate broadband, one- and two-dimensional steering of light with wavelengths from 410 nm to 700 nm. The microcantilevers have ultracompact ~0.1 mm2 areas, consume ~31 to 46 mW of power, are simple to control, and emit a single light beam. The microcantilevers are monolithically integrated in an active photonic platform on 200-mm silicon wafers. The microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits miniaturize and simplify light projectors to enable versatile, power-efficient, and broadband laser scanner microchips.
Inhibition of CXorf56 promotes PARP inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Ying , Liu Zhixian , Gui Liang , Yun Wen , Mao Changfei , Deng Rong , Yao Yufeng , Yu Qiao , Feng Jifeng , Ma Hongxia , Bao Wei
Published: May 2023

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) induce DNA lesions that preferentially kill homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast cancers induced by BRCA mutations, which exhibit a low incidence in breast cancer, thereby limiting the benefits of PARPis. Additionally, breast cancer cells, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, exhibit HR and PARPi resistance. Therefore, targets must be identified for inducing HR deficiency and sensitizing cancer cells to PARPis. Here, we reveal that CXorf56 protein increased HR repair in TNBC cells by interacting with the Ku70 DNA-binding domain, reducing Ku70 recruitment and promoting RPA32, BRCA2, and RAD51 recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Knockdown of CXorf56 protein suppressed HR in TNBC cells, specifically during the S and G2 phases, and increased cell sensitivity to olaparib in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, CXorf56 protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival. All these findings indicate that treatment designed to inhibit CXorf56 protein in TNBC combined with PARPis may overcome drug resistance and expand the application of PARPis to patients with non-BRCA mutantion.
A new route to fabricate flexible, breathable composites with advanced thermal management capability for wearable electronics
Authors: Chen Huibao , Ding Yafei , Zhu Guimei , Liu Yu , Fang Qun , Bai Xue , Zhao Yan , Li Xin , Huang Xingyi , Zhang Tong-Yi , Li Baowen , Sun Bin
Published: May 2023

Wearable electronics with miniaturization and high-power density call for devices with advanced thermal management capabilities, outstanding flexibility, and excellent permeability. However, it is difficult to achieve these goals simultaneously due to the conflict between high thermal conductivity and permeability and flexibility. Here, we report an approach to fabricate flexible, breathable composites with advanced thermal management capability by coating the boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) layer with high thermal conductivity on the grids of patterned electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous mats. The composite exhibited a significant enhancement of thermal conductivity and preserved instinctive breathability simultaneously. When the composite was integrated into flexible devices, its saturating operating temperature dropped significantly compared to that of pure Ecoflex packaging. Moreover, the surface temperature fluctuation was less than 0.5 °C during more than 2000 cycles bending-releasing process. Finally, a prototype to fabricate wearable electronics with advanced thermal management capability was proposed.
Fast and accurate protein structure search with Foldseek
Authors: van Kempen Michel , Kim Stephanie S. , Tumescheit Charlotte , Mirdita Milot , Lee Jeongjae , Gilchrist Cameron L. M. , Söding Johannes , Steinegger Martin
Published: May 2023

As structure prediction methods are generating millions of publicly available protein structures, searching these databases is becoming a bottleneck. Foldseek aligns the structure of a query protein against a database by describing tertiary amino acid interactions within proteins as sequences over a structural alphabet. Foldseek decreases computation times by four to five orders of magnitude with 86%, 88% and 133% of the sensitivities of Dali, TM-align and CE, respectively.
A deep learning algorithm to predict risk of pancreatic cancer from disease trajectories
Authors: Placido Davide , Yuan Bo , Hjaltelin Jessica X. , Zheng Chunlei , Haue Amalie D. , Chmura Piotr J. , Yuan Chen , Kim Jihye , Umeton Renato , Antell Gregory , Chowdhury Alexander , Franz Alexandra , Brais Lauren , Andrews Elizabeth , Marks Debora S. , Regev Aviv , Ayandeh Siamack , Brophy Mary T. , Do Nhan V. , Kraft Peter , Wolpin Brian M. , Rosenthal Michael H. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Brunak Søren , Sander Chris
Published: May 2023

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease that typically presents late with poor outcomes, indicating a pronounced need for early detection. In this study, we applied artificial intelligence methods to clinical data from 6 million patients (24,000 pancreatic cancer cases) in Denmark (Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR)) and from 3 million patients (3,900 cases) in the United States (US Veterans Affairs (US-VA)). We trained machine learning models on the sequence of disease codes in clinical histories and tested prediction of cancer occurrence within incremental time windows (CancerRiskNet). For cancer occurrence within 36 months, the performance of the best DNPR model has area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve = 0.88 and decreases to AUROC (3m) = 0.83 when disease events within 3 months before cancer diagnosis are excluded from training, with an estimated relative risk of 59 for 1,000 highest-risk patients older than age 50 years. Cross-application of the Danish model to US-VA data had lower performance (AUROC = 0.71), and retraining was needed to improve performance (AUROC = 0.78, AUROC (3m) = 0.76). These results improve the ability to design realistic surveillance programs for patients at elevated risk, potentially benefiting lifespan and quality of life by early detection of this aggressive cancer.
CD69 serves as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tang Kaihua , Li Xiaoting , Mo Jianwen , Chen Yixuan , Huang Chengyu , Li Ting , Luo Tianjian , Zhong Zhijian , Jiang Yongqiang , Yang Dengfeng , Mo Weiliang
Published: May 2023

The prevalence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still increasing. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets related to patient prognosis. Data were downloaded from TCGA, GSE25097, GSE36376, and GSE76427 datasets. Differential analysis and enrichment analysis were performed in HCC. Cell deaths were evaluated, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) regression was analyzed to screen candidate genes. Additionally, immune cell infiltration in HCC was assessed. We identified 4088 common DEGs with the same direction of differential expression in all four datasets, they were mainly enriched in immunoinflammation and cell cycle pathways. Apoptosis was significantly suppressed in HCC in GSEA and GSVA. After LASSO regression analysis, we screened CD69, CDC25B, MGMT, TOP2A, and TXNIP as candidate genes. Among them, CD69 significantly influenced the overall survival of HCC patients in both TCGA and GSE76427. CD69 may be a protective factor for outcome of HCC patients. In addition, CD69 was positive correlation with T cells and CD3E. CD69, CDC25B, MGMT, TOP2A, and TXNIP were potential diagnostic and prognostic target for HCC, especially CD69.
Optimizing 3DCT image registration for interfractional changes in carbon-ion prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Hirai Ryusuke , Mori Shinichiro , Suyari Hiroki , Tsuji Hiroshi , Ishikawa Hitoshi
Published: May 2023

To perform setup procedures including both positional and dosimetric information, we developed a CT–CT rigid image registration algorithm utilizing water equivalent pathlength (WEPL)-based image registration and compared the resulting dose distribution with those of two other algorithms, intensity-based image registration and target-based image registration, in prostate cancer radiotherapy using the carbon-ion pencil beam scanning technique. We used the data of the carbon ion therapy planning CT and the four-weekly treatment CTs of 19 prostate cancer cases. Three CT–CT registration algorithms were used to register the treatment CTs to the planning CT. Intensity-based image registration uses CT voxel intensity information. Target-based image registration uses target position on the treatment CTs to register it to that on the planning CT. WEPL-based image registration registers the treatment CTs to the planning CT using WEPL values. Initial dose distributions were calculated using the planning CT with the lateral beam angles. The treatment plan parameters were optimized to administer the prescribed dose to the PTV on the planning CT. Weekly dose distributions using the three different algorithms were calculated by applying the treatment plan parameters to the weekly CT data. Dosimetry, including the dose received by 95% of the clinical target volume (CTV-D95), rectal volumes receiving > 20 Gy (RBE) (V20), > 30 Gy (RBE) (V30), and > 40 Gy (RBE) (V40), were calculated. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Interfractional CTV displacement over all patients was 6.0 ± 2.7 mm (19.3 mm maximum standard amount). WEPL differences between the planning CT and the treatment CT were 1.2 ± 0.6 mm-H2O (< 3.9 mm-H2O), 1.7 ± 0.9 mm-H2O (< 5.7 mm-H2O) and 1.5 ± 0.7 mm-H2O (< 3.6 mm-H2O maxima) with the intensity-based image registration, target-based image registration, and WEPL-based image registration, respectively. For CTV coverage, the D95 values on the planning CT were > 95% of the prescribed dose in all cases. The mean CTV-D95 values were 95.8 ± 11.5% and 98.8 ± 1.7% with the intensity-based image registration and target-based image registration, respectively. The WEPL-based image registration was CTV-D95 to 99.0 ± 0.4% and rectal Dmax to 51.9 ± 1.9 Gy (RBE) compared to 49.4 ± 9.1 Gy (RBE) with intensity-based image registration and 52.2 ± 1.8 Gy (RBE) with target-based image registration. The WEPL-based image registration algorithm improved the target coverage from the other algorithms and reduced rectal dose from the target-based image registration, even though the magnitude of the interfractional variation was increased.
Caldera collapse thresholds correlate with magma chamber dimensions
Authors: Geshi Nobuo , Miyagi Isoji , Saito Genji , Conway Chris E.
Published: May 2023

Explosive caldera-forming eruptions eject voluminous magma during the gravitational collapse of the roof of the magma chamber. Caldera collapse is known to occur by rapid decompression of a magma chamber at shallow depth, however, the thresholds for magma chamber decompression that promotes caldera collapse have not been tested using examples from actual caldera-forming eruptions. Here, we investigated the processes of magma chamber decompression leading to caldera collapse using two natural examples from Aira and Kikai calderas in southwestern Japan. The analysis of water content in phenocryst glass embayments revealed that Aira experienced a large magmatic underpressure before the onset of caldera collapse, whereas caldera collapse occurred with a relatively small underpressure at Kikai. Our friction models for caldera faults show that the underpressure required for a magma chamber to collapse is proportional to the square of the depth to the magma chamber for calderas of the same horizontal size. This model explains why the relatively deep magma system of Aira required a larger underpressure for collapse when compared with the shallower magma chamber of Kikai. The distinct magma chamber underpressure thresholds can explain variations in the evolution of caldera-forming eruptions and the eruption sequences for catastrophic ignimbrites during caldera collapse.
A two-dimensional grating surface made of quaternary Huygens elements excited by a real source
Authors: Derafshi Iman , Komjani Nader , Ghasemi Mizuji Ensiyeh
Published: May 2023

In this article, a new method to create an anomalous reflection in the desired direction is proposed. Two-dimensional grating surfaces consisting of four particles with the properties of a Huygens source are employed in each period. Then, this method is extended to the problem in which the grating surface is illuminated by a real source such as a horn. In this case, the designed grating surface has different periods in both directions to collimate the reflected wave and give an in-phase wavefront. Using our method, a high-efficiency reflectarray (RA) based on quaternary Huygens grating is designed. This RA is distinguished from common RAs due to its beam squint capability. This array offers more aperture efficiency and thus more gain in comparison to the leaky waves that inherently have low aperture efficiency. Therefore, our designed RA can compete with leaky wave antennas in many applications. The mentioned RA is designed to have the main beam in the direction of $$\left( {{\theta _0} = {{68}^{\circ }},{\varphi _0} = {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

θ
0

=

68

∘

,

φ
0

=

225

∘

, at the frequency of 12 GHz. The simulation results show the realized gain and SLL of this antenna are 24.8 dB and $$-15.5$$

-
15.5

 dB, respectively. Also, by changing the frequency in the range of 12–15 GHz, the direction of the main beam varies from $$\left( {{{68}^{\circ }}, {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

68

∘

,

225

∘

to $$\left( {{{39}^{\circ }}, {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

39

∘

,

225

∘

.
Comparative plastome genomics, taxonomic delimitation and evolutionary divergences of Tetraena hamiensis var. qatarensis and Tetraena simplex (Zygophyllaceae)
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Asaf Sajjad , Al-Rawahi Ahmed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Khan Abdul Latif
Published: May 2023

TheZygophyllumandTetraenagenera are intriguingly important ecologically and medicinally. Based on morphological characteristics,T. hamiensisvar.qatarensis,andT. simplexwere transferred fromZygophyllumtoTetraenawith the least genomic datasets available. Hence, we sequenced theT. hamiensisandT. simplexand performed in-depth comparative genomics, phylogenetic analysis, and estimated time divergences. The complete plastomes ranged between 106,720 and 106,446 bp—typically smaller than angiosperms plastomes. The plastome circular genomes are divided into large single-copy regions (~ 80,964 bp), small single-copy regions (~ 17,416 bp), and two inverted repeats regions (~ 4170 bp) in bothTetraenaspecies. An unusual shrinkage of IR regions 16–24 kb was identified. This resulted in the loss of 16 genes, including 11ndhgenes which encode the NADH dehydrogenase subunits, and a significant size reduction ofTetraenaplastomes compared to other angiosperms. The inter-species variations and similarities were identified using genome-wide comparisons. Phylogenetic trees generated by analyzing the whole plastomes, protein-coding genes,matK,rbcL, andcssAgenes exhibited identical topologies, indicating that both species are sisters to the genusTetraenaand may not belong toZygophyllum. Similarly, based on the entire plastome and proteins coding genes datasets, the time divergence ofZygophyllumandTetraenawas 36.6 Ma and 34.4 Ma, respectively.Tetraenastem ages were 31.7 and 18.2 Ma based on full plastome and protein-coding genes. The current study presents the plastome as a distinguishing and identification feature among the closely relatedTetraenaandZygophyllumspecies. It can be potentially used as a universal super-barcode for identifying plants.
Efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Sheng-Chu , Kang Yi-No , Huang Yi-Ming
Published: May 2023

To better understand the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) versus antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). A systematic review and meta-analysis. The study included randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-randomized control trials (Non-RCTs) before December 2021 that compare the efficacy of Ozurdex-related therapyand anti-VEGF therapy. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The quality of the included studies was assessed carefully. 30 studies were included. Regarding BCVA change, the overall result revealed no significant differences between Ozurdex and anti-VEGF therapies in patients with nonresistant DME, but Ozurdex group had significantly more VA improvement than anti-VEGF therapies in patients with resistant DME (MD 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.21). In terms of central retinal thickness (CRT) decrease, there was a significant difference between Ozurdex therapy and anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nonresistant DME (MD 48.10, 95% CI 19.06–77.13) and resistant DME (MD 65.37, 95% CI 3.62–127.13). Overall, Ozurdex therapy resulted in significantly greater VA improvement and CRT decrease than anti-VEGF therapy in resistant DME patients. Ozurdex therapy was not inferior to anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nonresistant DME.
Driving factors on accumulation of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc in agricultural soil and products of the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Zheng , Bai Ying , Gao Junhong , Li Jun
Published: May 2023

The accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils concerns food security. By using the Geographical Detector, this study investigated the influence of six types of factors (eleven factors) on the accumulation of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn in agricultural soil and products of the North China Plain and confirmed the dominant factor. The results showed that heavy metals had accumulated in regional agricultural soils and the accumulation of Cd was severe. The accumulation of heavy metals was significantly influenced by policy factors (the management and reduction in usage of fertilizers and pesticides), fertilization factors (application of organic and chemical fertilizers), pesticide factors (application of herbicide and insecticide) and atmospheric deposition factors (heavy metal concentration in atmospheric deposition). The policy factor dominated the other three types of factors. Atmospheric deposition and the excess application of fertilizers and pesticides directly lead to the accumulation of heavy metals. Due to the high concentrations of heavy metals and abundant application amounts, organic fertilizers have contributed high levels of heavy metals to agricultural soils. This study suggests that formulated fertilization and action plans for pesticide reduction could effectively decrease the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils and products in the study area.
Pharmaceutical payments to Japanese board-certified dermatologists: a 4-year retrospective analysis of personal payments from pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Murayama Anju , Kamamoto Sae , Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko
Published: May 2023

There are prevalent financial relationships between dermatologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. However, little was known about the extent of whole picture of the personal payments made to dermatologists by pharmaceutical companies. This study aimed to examine the personal payments to the board-certified dermatologists by the Japanese Dermatological Association from the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Using the publicly disclosed payments data by the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019, we evaluated the magnitude, prevalence, and trends in the personal payments made to all board-certified dermatologists for the lecturing, writing, and consulting compensations. The payments were descriptively analyzed overall and by dermatologist demographics. Additionally, the payment trends were assessed by generalized estimating equation models. Of 6883 active board-certified dermatologists, 3121 (45.3%) received a total of $33,223,806 personal payments between 2016 and 2019. The median per-physician payments and number of payments (interquartile range) were $1737 ($613–$5287) and 4.0 (2.0–10.0) over the 4 years, respectively. Only top 1%, 5%, 10% of dermatologists received 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.2–45.1%), 76.9% (95% CI 74.7–79.1%), and 87.6% (95% CI 86.2–88.9%) of overall payments. The number of dermatologists receiving payments and per-dermatologist payments increased by 4.3% (95% CI 3.1‒5.5%, p < 0.001) and 16.4% (95% CI 13.5‒19.4%, p < 0.001) each year. The board-certification in dermatology-oncology, in cosmetic dermatology, and male sex were significantly associated with higher personal payments with relative monetary values of 2.29 (95% CI 1.65–3.19, p < 0.001), 3.16 (95% CI 1.89–5.26, p < 0.001), and 5.38 (95% CI 4.12–7.04, p < 0.001). Less than half of Japanese board-certified dermatologists received lower personal payments from the pharmaceutical companies than those to other specialists. However, these personal payments were increasingly more prevalent and greater over the 4 years.
Computational investigation of hysteresis and phase equilibria of n-alkanes in a metal-organic framework with both micropores and mesopores
Authors: Li Zhao , Turner Jake , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: May 2023

Adsorption hysteresis is a phenomenon related to phase transitions that can impact applications such as gas storage and separations in porous materials. Computational approaches can greatly facilitate the understanding of phase transitions and phase equilibria in porous materials. In this work, adsorption isotherms for methane, ethane, propane, and n-hexane were calculated from atomistic grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations in a metal-organic framework having both micropores and mesopores to better understand hysteresis and phase equilibria between connected pores of different size and the external bulk fluid. At low temperatures, the calculated isotherms exhibit sharp steps accompanied by hysteresis. As a complementary simulation method, canonical (NVT) ensemble simulations with Widom test particle insertions are demonstrated to provide additional information about these systems. The NVT+Widom simulations provide the full van der Waals loop associated with the sharp steps and hysteresis, including the locations of the spinodal points and points within the metastable and unstable regions that are inaccessible to GCMC simulations. The simulations provide molecular-level insight into pore filling and equilibria between high- and low-density states within individual pores. The effect of framework flexibility on adsorption hysteresis is also investigated for methane in IRMOF-1.
Albedo change from snow algae blooms can contribute substantially to snow melt in the North Cascades, USA
Authors: Healy Shannon M. , Khan Alia L.
Published: May 2023

Snow algae are ubiquitous in the Pacific Northwest cryosphere in the summer where snowmelt is an important contribution to regional watersheds. However, less attention has been given to biological impurities as drivers of snowmelt compared to inorganic light-absorbing particles. Here we map snow algae near Mt. Baker with a multispectral camera on an uncrewed aerial vehicle using (1) principal components and (2) spectral indexing. The two approaches are tested under differing bloom states and verified with coincident algal pigment and cell count data. During high bloom intensity we found an average instantaneous radiative forcing of 237 W m−2with a maximum of 360 W m−2. This translated to 1,508 ± 536 m3of melted snow water equivalent in the 0.1 km2basin. These results demonstrate snow algae contribute to snowmelt at mid-latitudes and the potential for uncrewed autonomous vehicles to map snow algae over expansive areas of the cryosphere.
Carbon vacancy-assisted stabilization of individual Cu5 clusters on graphene. Insights from ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Carroll Lenard L. , Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , de Lara-Castells María Pilar
Published: May 2023

DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations aided by benchmarking against high-level post-Hartree–Fock approaches illustrate how intrinsic defects of graphene sheets can confine individual Cu5 clusters.
A critical evaluation of compressed line-scan Raman imaging
Authors: Yu Yajun , Dai Yichuan , Wang Xianli , Chu Kaiqin , Smith Zachary J.
Published: May 2023

The concepts of line-scan Raman imaging (LSRI) and compressed line-scan Raman imaging (CLRI) are proposed. CLRI combines line scanning and compressed sensing to increase the speed of Raman imaging.
Ti3C2 MXene improved photoelectrochemical anode assembly of titanium dioxide nanoarrays for microcystin-LR detection
Authors: Jia Yue , Du Yu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xu Rui , Ren Xiang , Wu Dan , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin
Published: May 2023

Novel photoelectrochemical emitter TiO2/Ti3C2 nanoarrays are firstly synthesized and act as a well-ordered sensing substrate to improve the batch-to-batch and signal output stability of the biosensor in MC-LR detection.
Sodium hexametaphosphate-treated halloysite based solid-phase extraction of biguanides from dietary supplements
Authors: Huang Huanan , Chen Yihui , Ni Meilin , Du Jing , Hou Chunyan , Qiao Xiaoqiang , Cao Guozhou , Wang Tingting
Published: May 2023

Raw halloysite was purified by using sodium hexametaphosphate and utilized as the solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of biguanides from dietary supplements.
Arrayed labeling-free cultivation and growth evaluation from a single microorganism
Authors: Tanaka Yuma , Minamiki Tsukuru , Kurita Ryoji
Published: May 2023

A picoliter-sized incubator array combined with a standard fluorescence microscope can simultaneously accomplish the cultivation and evaluation of the growth behaviors of 100 single microorganisms without complicated labeling processes.
Advanced optical terahertz fingerprint sensor based on coherent perfect absorption
Authors: Wu You Ran , Dong Rui Yang , Zou Jia Hao , Zhang Hai Feng
Published: May 2023

An advanced optical terahertz (THz) fingerprint sensor based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is proposed.
DFT stimulation and experimental insights of chiral Cu(ii)–salen scaffold within the pocket of MWW-zeolite and its catalytic study
Authors: Lakhani Pratikkumar , Chodvadiya Darshil , Jha Prafulla K. , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Trzybiński Damian , Wozniak Krzysztof , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof , Goutam U. K. , Srivastava Himanshu , Modi Chetan K.
Published: May 2023

Cu(ii)–salen complex was encapsulated in MWW-framework to develop a chiral organocatalyst for synthesizing DHPMs. With the aid of DFT calculations, Cu(ii)–salen complex was optimized to fit into the porous MWW support while keeping its chirality.
Lignin-grafting alternative copolymer of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and epoxides as an active and flexible ingredient in sunscreen
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Guo Yuanlong , Guo Gu , Dai Lei , Hu Gang , Xie Haibo
Published: May 2023

Grafting modification of ligninviathe ROP of biobased 3,4-dihydrocoumarin (DHC) and epoxides (EPO) results in a series of EHL-g-P(DHC-alt-EPO) with good anti-UV and antioxidation performance, and biocompatibility for potential as an active ingredient in sunscreen.
CeLab, a microfluidic platform for the study of life history traits, reveals metformin and SGK-1 regulation of longevity and reproductive span
Authors: Sohrabi Salman , Cota Vanessa , Murphy Coleen T.
Published: May 2023

CeLab enables high-throughput C. elegans lifespans, reproductive spans, progeny count assays and body size measurements. Adult treatment of metformin at low dose increases RS, and the nutrient-sensing mTOR pathway mutant sgk-1 reproduces until death.
In situ-formed hydroxyapatite and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) injectable implants as the cargo loading of bioactive substances for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Zongliang , Zhang Ning , Liu Jianguo , Xu Zhiqiang , Wang Liqiang , Wang Yu , Wang Yifan , Zhang Peibiao
Published: May 2023

An injectablein situ-formed system is developed, providing initial mechanical strength and a porous microstructure using a water-miscible solvent and gelatin microsphere porogen to efficiently load BMP-2 for bone regeneration.
An iron-based metal–organic framework for selective CO2 adsorption and as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tran Y B. N. , Nguyen Phuong T. K. , Nguyen Tuan Loi
Published: May 2023

An iron-based metal–organic framework, termed Fe-CPB, was developed for selective CO2 adsorption and employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Computational design of efficient near-infrared TADF emitters with hot-exciton characteristics
Authors: Jacob Jesni M. , Samanta Pralok K. , Ravva Mahesh Kumar
Published: May 2023

Our study presents a computational design approach for developing efficient near-infrared (NIR) organic emitters with hot-exciton characteristics.
Site-specific chirality-conferred structural compaction differentially mediates the cytotoxicity of Aβ42
Authors: Li Gongyu , Jeon Chae Kyung , Ma Min , Jia Yifei , Zheng Zhen , Delafield Daniel G. , Lu Gaoyuan , Romanova Elena V. , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Ruotolo Brandon T. , Li Lingjun
Published: May 2023

Analytical and technological advancements in multidimensional ion mobility-mass spectrometry and molecular dynamic simulations catalyze the birth of a new precise strategy for fine-tuning Aβ42 structure and cytotoxicity.