bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jupiter's X‐ray Emission During the 2007 Solar Minimum
Authors: Dunn W. R. , Branduardi‐Raymont G. , Carter‐Cortez V. , Campbell A. , Elsner R. , Ness J.‐U. , Gladstone G. R. , Ford P. , Yao Z. , Rodriguez P. , Clark G. , Paranicas C. , Foster A. , Baker D. , Gray R. , Badman S. V. , Ray L. C. , Bunce E. J. , Snios B. , Jackman C. M. , Rae I. J. , Kraft R. , Rymer A. , Lathia S. , Achilleos N.
Published: April 2020

The 2007–2009 solar minimum was the longest of the space age. We present the first of two companion papers on Chandra and XMM‐Newton X‐ray campaigns of Jupiter through February–March 2007. We find that low solar X‐ray flux during solar minimum causes Jupiter's equatorial regions to be exceptionally X‐ray dim (0.21 GW at minimum; 0.76 GW at maximum). While the Jovian equatorial emission varies with solar cycle, the aurorae have comparably bright intervals at solar minimum and maximum. We apply atomic charge exchange models to auroral spectra and find that iogenic plasma of sulphur and oxygen ions provides excellent fits for XMM‐Newton observations. The fitted spectral S:O ratios of 0.4–1.3 are in good agreement with in situ magnetospheric S:O measurements of 0.3–1.5, suggesting that the ions that produce Jupiter's X‐ray aurora predominantly originate inside the magnetosphere. The aurorae were particularly bright on 24–25 February and 8–9 March, but these two observations exhibit very different spatial, spectral, and temporal behavior; 24–25 February was the only observation in this campaign with significant hard X‐ray bremsstrahlung from precipitating electrons, suggesting this may be rare. For 8–9 March, a bremsstrahlung component was absent, but bright oxygen O6+ lines and best‐fit models containing carbon, point to contributions from solar wind ions. This contribution is absent in the other observations. Comparing simultaneous Chandra ACIS and XMM‐Newton EPIC spectra showed that ACIS systematically underreported 0.45‐ to 0.6‐keV Jovian emission, suggesting quenching may be less important for Jupiter's atmosphere than previously thought. We therefore recommend XMM‐Newton for spectral analyses and quantifying opacity/quenching effects.
Ancient Impact’s Seismic Waves Reveal Pluto’s Ocean, Core
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: April 2020

By modeling the waves produced by a massive, ancient impact, scientists have begun to unlock the secrets of Pluto’s interior.
Dasatinib vs. imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) who have not achieved an optimal response to 3 months of imatinib therapy: the DASCERN randomized study
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Jiang Qian , Wang Jianxiang , Weng Jianyu , Zhu Huanling , Liu Xiaoli , Hochhaus Andreas , Kim Dong-Wook , Radich Jerald , Savona Michael , Martin-Regueira Patricia , Sy Oumar , Gurnani Renuka , Saglio Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Early molecular response is associated with improved probability of deep molecular response and superior survival in patients with CML-CP. However, ~1 in 3 patients on first-line imatinib do not achieve this threshold. The phase 2b DASCERN trial (NCT01593254) assessed the outcome of early switch to dasatinib in patients with suboptimal response to first-line imatinib. Adult patients with CML-CP were randomized (2:1) to receive 100 mg dasatinib (n = 174) or continue imatinib at ≥400 mg (n = 86). The primary endpoint was the rate of major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months, which was 29% (dasatinib) and 13% (imatinib;P = 0.005). After ≥2 years of follow-up, 45 patients (52%) randomized to continue imatinib had crossed over to dasatinib. Considering treatment crossover, the 2-year cumulative MMR rate was 64% with dasatinib and 41% with imatinib (66% and 67%, respectively by intent-to-treat). Adverse events were consistent with the established safety profiles of both drugs. The results of this first prospective study support early monitoring of patients treated with first-line imatinib, and suggest that switching to dasatinib in cases of suboptimal response may offer clinical benefit. Further follow-up is needed to assess the long-term clinical benefit of early switching.
In humans, only attractive females fulfil their sexually imprinted preferences for eye colour
Authors: Bressan Paola
Published: April 2020

Early exposure to parental features shapes later sexual preferences in fish, birds, and mammals. Here I report that human males’ preferences for a conspicuous trait, colourful eyes, are affected by the eye colour of mothers. Female faces with light (blue or green) eyes were liked better by men whose mother had light eyes; the effect broke down in those who had felt rejected by her as children. These results, garnered on over one thousand men, complete those of a symmetrical study on one thousand women, painting a fuller picture of human sexual imprinting. Both men and women appear to have imprinted on their opposite-sex parents unless these were perceived as cold and unjustly punitive. Birds require strong attachment to sexually imprint—a constraint in place to reduce the perils of acquiring the wrong sort of information. Parents who form no bond with their offspring may fail to be recognised as appropriate parental imprinting objects. Consistent with human females being, as in most of the animal kingdom, the choosier sex, imprinted preferences were displayed by both sexes but translated into real-life partner choices solely in women—attractive women. Apparently, not all of us can afford to follow our own inclinations.
Seasonal changes of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlate with the lower gut microbiome composition in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Soltys Katarina , Stuchlikova Martina , Hlavaty Tibor , Gaalova Barbora , Budis Jaroslav , Gazdarica Juraj , Krajcovicova Anna , Zelinkova Zuzana , Szemes Tomas , Kuba Daniel , Drahovska Hana , Turna Jan , Stuchlik Stanislav
Published: April 2020

Higher probability of the development of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) as a possible consequence of the north-south gradient has been recently suggested. Living far north or south of the equator is manifested in fluctuation of vitamin D (vitD) levels depending on the season in both healthy and affected individuals. In the present study we investigate the possible link between the seasonal serum vitD level to the microbial composition of the lower gut of Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) patients using 16S rRNA sequencing. Decrease of serum vitD level in winter/spring season in a cohort of 35 UC patients and 39 CD patients was confirmed. Low gut microbiota composition of patients with IBD correlated with the serum level of 25(OH)D that directly coupled to seasonal variability of the sunshine in the central European countries. It is supposed to be related to increased abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in UC and Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in CD. In summer/autumn period, we observed a reduction in abundance of bacterial genera typical for inflammation like Eggerthella lenta, Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Collinsella aerofaciens, Helicobacter spp., Rhodococcus spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; and increased abundance of Pediococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. and of Escherichia/Shigella spp.
Molecularly engineered electroplex emission for an efficient near-infrared light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC)
Authors: Shahroosvand Hashem , Heydari Leyla , Nemati Bideh Babak , Pashaei Babak
Published: April 2020

Electroplex emission is rarely seen in ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, and there have been no reports from light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) to date. Here, near-infrared (NIR) emission via the electroplex mechanism in a LEC was reported.
Advances in living cell-based anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Dong He , Xu Xiao , Wang Leikun , Mo Ran
Published: April 2020

This review summarizes recent advances in the applications of living cells as drug carriers or active drugs for anticancer drug delivery and cancer therapy.
On the absence of triplet exciton loss pathways in non-fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells
Authors: Kotova Maria S. , Londi Giacomo , Junker Johannes , Dietz Stefanie , Privitera Alberto , Tvingstedt Kristofer , Beljonne David , Sperlich Andreas , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: April 2020

Recombination to donor and acceptor triplet states should be energetically favourable. However, this recombination channel is not observed in operational devices.
Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Lantana camara flower extract and their potential catalytic activity towards the aza-Michael reaction
Authors: Chowdhury Rakesh , Khan Aslam , Rashid Md. Harunar
Published: April 2020

An easy and convenient synthesis process is reported for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using plant extract for use as a catalyst in the aza-Michael addition reaction.
Facile synthesis of nanoparticle-stacked tungsten-doped nickel iron layered double hydroxide nanosheets for boosting oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Libo , Yu Luo , Zhang Fanghao , Wang Dezhi , Luo Dan , Song Shaowei , Yuan Chuqing , Karim Alamgir , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng
Published: April 2020

Nanoparticle-stacked tungsten-doped nickel iron layered double hydroxide (Ni–Fe–W LDH) nanosheets have been synthesized through a facile water bath reaction as efficient water oxidation catalyst.
Crystalline core–amorphous shell heterostructures: epitaxial assembly of NiB nanosheets onto PtPd mesoporous hollow nanopolyhedra for enhanced hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Deng Kai , Ren Tianlun , Xu You , Liu Songliang , Dai Zechuan , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: April 2020

Crystalline core–amorphous shell heterostructures composed of PtPd mesoporous hollow nanopolyhedra and NiB nanosheets exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Unveiling the solid-solution charge storage mechanism in 1T vanadium disulfide nanoarray cathodes
Authors: Liang Xinqi , Chen Minghua , Zhu Hekang , Zhu He , Cui Xuehao , Yan Jiaxu , Chen Qingguo , Xia Xinhui , Liu Qi
Published: April 2020

Ultrathin 1T phase VS2 nanosheets were self-assembled on a flexible carbon cloth to form a binder-free electrode. The electrode exhibited a typical solid solution reaction, which is of great help in inhibiting the structural transition.
An energetics perspective on why there are so few triplet–triplet annihilation emitters
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Tom Rithwik , Liu Xingyu , Congreve Daniel N. , Marom Noa
Published: April 2020

Solar cell efficiency may be increased by utilizing photons with sub-gap energies via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA). However, few TTA chromophores are currently known. This can be understood from the energetics perspective.
Recent progress in efficient organic two-photon dyes for fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Junzheng , Yin Lingfeng , Long Xueting , Zhang Wenying , Zhang Qichun
Published: April 2020

The enhancement of two-photon absorption cross-section, fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen generation efficiency for organic dyes and their applications in two-photon excited fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy are summarized.
Transverse oscillations of a double-structured solar filament
Authors: Jelínek P. , Karlický M. , Smirnova V. V. , Solov’ev A. A.
Published: April 2020

Aims.We study the transverse oscillations of a double-structured solar filament.

Methods.We modelled the filament numerically via a 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, in which we solved a full set of time-dependent MHD equations by means of the FLASH code, using the adaptive mesh refinement method. We used the wavelet analysis method as a diagnostic tool for analysing periods in simulated oscillations.

Results.We present a model of a solar filament combined with semi-empirical C7 model of the quiet solar atmosphere. This model is an alternative model of a filament based on the magnetostatic solution of MHD equations. We find that this double-structured filament oscillates with two different eigen frequencies. The ratio is approximately 1.75 (∼7.4 min/∼4.2 min), which is characteristic for this type of filament model. To show the details of these oscillations we present a time evolution of the plasma density, temperature, plasma beta parameter, and the ratio of gravity to magnetic pressure taken along the vertical axis of the filament atx = 0. The periods found by numerical simulations are then discussed in comparison with those observed.
SEM, EDX spectroscopy and real-time optical microscopy of electroformed silicon nitride-based light emitting memory device
Authors: Anutgan Mustafa , Anutgan Tamila , Atilgan Ismail
Published: April 2020

An ordinary amorphous silicon nitride-based p-i-n diode was electroformed under optimized process conditions, which led to its instant transformation to a semiconductor device with two-in-one properties: a bright visible light emitting diode and a resistive memory switching device; i.e. light emitting memory (LEM). In the present work, for a thorough understanding of the changes that occur during electroforming, SEM images and EDX analyses were performed on both top-view and cross-section of both as-deposited and electroformed diodes. It was seen from the top-view images that while the diode surface of the as-deposited diode had a smooth and homogeneous ITO top electrode, the electroformed diode exhibited a rough ITO surface. EDX analyses showed that ITO was completely removed from many point-like regions on the diode surface. Cross-sectional SEM images showed no clue of any material diffusion through the diode structure during electroforming, which was one of the suspected situations about our model. EDX results also showed no considerable increase of any of the ingredients of the ITO alloy (In, Sn or O) across the semiconductor (p-i-n) layers of the electroformed diode. In contrast to the roughened surface of the electroformed diode, the silicon-based layers of the diode below the ITO electrode seemed to be well-preserved. Real-time optical microscopy showed that the light is emitted through the regions of the diode surface where the residual ITO top electrode is present.
Demonstration of resistance to satyrization behavior in Aedes aegypti from La Réunion island
Authors: Maïga Hamidou , Gilles Jérémie R. L. , Susan Lees Rosemary , Yamada Hanano , Bouyer Jérémy
Published: April 2020

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are competent vectors of arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses which co-exist in some areas, including La Réunion island, Indian Ocean. A type of reproductive interference called satyrization has been described in sympatric species where dominant species mating fails to produce hybrids and thus reduces the fitness and tends to control the spread of the other species. Here, we investigated satyrization in laboratory experiments to provide insights on the potential impact on Ae. aegypti of a control campaign including a sterile insect technique component against Ae. albopictus. Different mating crosses were used to test sympatric, conspecific-interspecific and allopatric effects of irradiated and non-irradiated male Ae. albopictus on female Ae. aegypti, including in a situation of skewed male ratio. Our results suggest that there was only a low level of satyrization between sympatric populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus colonized from La Réunion island. A male Ae. albopictus to female Ae. aegypti ratio of 3:1 did not increase the level of satyrization. Female Ae. aegypti previously mated to male Ae. albopictus were not prevented from being inseminated by conspecific males. A satyrization effect was not seen between allopatric Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti strains from La Réunion Island either. The tested Ae. aegypti strain from La Réunion island has therefore developed full resistance to satyrization and so releasing sterile male Ae. albopictus may not suppress Ae. aegypti populations if an overflooding of irradiated male Ae. albopictus leads to similar results. The management strategy of two competent species in a sympatric area is discussed.
Pflegeprobleme und Maßnahmen bei der Alprostadiltherapie
Authors: Wiegmann Katharina
Published: April 2020

Wartezeiten zum Lernen nutzen – das ist die Idee der One Minute Wonder. Wir stellen in loser Reihe OMWs zu verschiedenen Themen vor.
The Falklands/Malvinas war taken to the Wikipedia realm: a multimodal discourse analysis of cross-lingual violations of the Neutral Point of View
Authors: Góngora-Goloubintseff José Gustavo
Published: April 2020

Wikipedia is a multilingual collaborative, user-generated encyclopaedia. As the largest source of free knowledge on the Internet, Wikipedia is at the crossroads of diverse cultural and national groups largely characterised by distinctive ideologies. Such ideologies often converge and have for the most part contributed to the encyclopaedia’s unprecedented success. Nonetheless, as several studies on Wikipedia have highlighted, the ideological stance of the authors is known to pose challenges to neutrality, often leading to “edit wars” that ultimately cast doubts on Wikipedia’s credibility when presenting seemingly controversial subjects. Despite the copious amount of literature on neutrality in Wikipedia, little research has yet applied multimodal discourse analysis to tackle cross-lingual violations of the Neutral Point of View (NPOV). Consequently, this study draws on selected visual and textual data from the English and Spanish Wikipedia entries for the Falklands/Malvinas War to prove that the inclusion of certain images and lexemes in particular contexts can be good indicators of NPOV violations. The data set used in the research consisted of the introductory sections, table of contents and images from the two Wikipedia entries and a set of selected comments posted on their talk pages. The findings suggest that specific lexical and visual choices are ideologically motivated and go against the principles advocated by NPOV. This is further attested by the fact that some lexical choices are contested by Wikipedia editors on the talk pages, thus showing that neutrality in the user-driven encyclopaedia is a relative and local position.
Optical characteristics of the undamaged and laser damaged K9 glass in terahertz band
Authors: Shang Xiaoyan , Shi Wei , Hai Wenwen , Su Junhong , Dong Chengang
Published: April 2020

K9 glass is an important optical element of the high energy laser system. In an attempt to investigate the variation of optical properties of K9 glass before and after laser induced damage, based on the transmission terahertz time-domain spectral system, the undamaged and the damaged K9 glasses induced by laser were tested to obtain the terahertz time-domain and frequency-domain spectra and the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the samples were calculated in terahertz band for further analysis. Results show that with the increase of laser energy, from the undamaged to the damaged K9 glasses to different extent, the peak to peak value in time domain and the amplitude value in frequency domain present a decreasing trend in varying degrees, and in the 0.4 ∼ 0.5 THz band, the absorption coefficient increases continuously with a slight change of refractive index, which indicates that K9 glass not only appears the melting and fracture in the macroscopic morphology after laser-induced damage, but also forms non-bridged oxygen atoms in its microstructure with more ion bonds and free electrons and the change of ion polarization. In this regard, this paper provides a technical basis for exploring the micro characteristics of K9 glass after laser-induced damage, and lays a good foundation for the application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to laser-induced damage analysis.
Hidden in the curtain of Article 44: formation rules of arbitration agreements and ICSID Arbitration Rules
Authors: Manukyan Mushegh
Published: April 2020

This article surveys the practice of the application of Article 44 of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention. It shows that ICSID arbitrations pursuant to bilateral investment treaties have been historically subjected to the ICSID Arbitration Rules in effect on the date when investors institute proceedings. But it appears that this is mainly because the parties specifically agree to apply the latest ICSID Arbitration Rules. The article invites a discussion on a technique, which might lead to the application of not necessarily the latest ICSID Rules. The article focuses on the traditional formation rules of arbitration agreements, namely that an arbitration agreement is formed based on the terms of the State’s offer to arbitrate. To that end, the proposed approach allows to argue that the investor who accepts the State’s offer to arbitrate tacitly accepts also the ICSID Arbitration Rules effective at the time when the State made the offer to arbitrate. The article explains that Article 44 includes a possibility to apply the orthodox formation rules thereby showing a greater respect to the parties’ consent.
No association between femoral or acetabular angles and patient-reported outcomes in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome—results from the HAFAI cohort
Authors: Kierkegaard S , Rømer L , Lund B , Dalgas U , Søballe K , Mechlenburg I
Published: April 2020

Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are diagnosed using imaging, but detailed description especially the acetabular shape is lacking and may help give more insight to the pathogenesis of FAIS. Furthermore, associations between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and the radiological angles might highlight which radiological angles affect outcomes experienced by the patients. Hence, the aims of this study were (i) to describe computer tomography (CT) acquired angles in patients with FAIS and (ii) to investigate the association between radiological angles and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in patients with FAIS. Patients scheduled for primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS were included. Based on CT, following angles were measured before and 1 year after surgery; femoral anteversion, alpha, lateral centre edge, acetabular index, anterior sector, posterior sector and acetabular anteversion. All patients completed the HAGOS. Sixty patients (63% females) aged 36 ± 9 were included. One year after surgery, significant alterations in the alpha angle and the acetabular index angle were found. Neither baseline PROs nor changes in PROs were associated with the radiological angles or changes in angles. Since neither changes in CT angles nor baseline scores were associated with HAGOS, the improvements felt by patients must origin from somewhere else. These findings further underlines that morphological changes seen at imaging should not be treated arthroscopically without a patient history of symptoms and clinical findings.
Outline of “Nihil Obstat: An Analysis of Ability”
Authors: Lewis David K
Published: April 2020

This outline for a paper, which develops a compatibilist analysis of abilities, was completed by David Lewis during his sabbatical in the Fall semester of 2000 and is dated 20 January 2001. Starting from the claim that it’s a “Moorean fact” that we are often able to do otherwise, Lewis provides a “simple proof of compatibilism.” He then presents his own account of abilities: S is able to A if and only if there are no obstacles to their A-ing, where an obstacle is a “robust preventer”: something that would (or does) cause S not to A, and which “wouldn’t go away if things were just a little different.”
CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BREP PHANTOM FOR CHINESE WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN RADIATION PROTECTION
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Sun Si , Lu Heqing , Liu Ying
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to construct boundary representation (BREP) phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age, to estimate the external radiation dose and to analyze radiation protection scheme. The BREP phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age was constructed by image segmentation, 3D reconstruction, non-uniform rational B-spline surface construction and voxelization. The photon-irradiated organ absorbed dose-conversion coefficients (DCCK) of the three female specific organs and the photon effective dose-conversion coefficient (ECCK) were calculated by Monte-Carlo method. The results showed that age, body fat-tissue thickness, direction and area of irradiation, organ location and volume all affected the dose of women specific organs when receiving medical exposure. In the case of ensuring the quality of the diagnosis, radiation protection for female specific organs can be achieved by organ dose modulation techniques and reducing exposure area or volume.
Cytotoxicity studies of Fe3O4nanoparticles in chicken macrophage cells
Authors: Zhang Shan , Wu Shu , Shen Yiru , Xiao Yunqi , Gao Lizeng , Shi Shourong
Published: April 2020

Magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different sizes of Fe3O4-NPs in chicken macrophage cells (HD11). Experimental groups based on three sizes of Fe3O4-NPs (60, 120 and 250 nm) were created, and the Fe3O4-NPs were added to the cells at different doses according to the experimental group. The cell activity, oxidative index (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)), apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion level were detected to analyse the cytotoxic effects of Fe3O4-NPs of different sizes in HD11 cells. The results revealed that the cell viability of the 60 nm Fe3O4-NPs group was lower than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups when the same concentration of Fe3O4-NPs was added. No significant difference in MDA was observed among the three Fe3O4-NP groups. The SOD level and ROS production of the 60 nm group were significantly greater than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups. Furthermore, the highest levels of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were caused by the 60 nm Fe3O4-NPs. In conclusion, the smaller Fe3O4-NPs produced stronger cytotoxicity in chicken macrophage cells, and the cytotoxic effects may be related to the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by increased ROS production as well as the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Biological and statistical interpretation of size-at-age, mixed-effects models of growth
Authors: Vincenzi Simone , Jesensek Dusan , Crivelli Alain J.
Published: April 2020

The differences in life-history traits and processes between organisms living in the same or different populations contribute to their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. We developed mixed-effect model formulations of the popular size-at-age von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth functions to estimate individual and group variation in body growth, using as a model system four freshwater fish populations, where tagged individuals were sampled for more than 10 years. We used the software Template Model Builder to estimate the parameters of the mixed-effect growth models. Tests on data that were not used to estimate model parameters showed good predictions of individual growth trajectories using the mixed-effects models and starting from one single observation of body size early in life; the best models hadR2> 0.80 over more than 500 predictions. Estimates of asymptotic size from the Gompertz and von Bertalanffy models were not significantly correlated, but their predictions of size-at-age of individuals were strongly correlated (r> 0.99), which suggests that choosing between the best models of the two growth functions would have negligible effects on the predictions of size-at-age of individuals. Model results pointed to size ranks that are largely maintained throughout the lifetime of individuals in all populations.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arabi Sina , Vaseghi Golnaz , Heidari Zahra , Shariati Laleh , Amin Bahareh , Rashid Harunor , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy
Published: April 2020

Background

On December 2019, Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China, and then spread around the world. There is little information about effects of COVID-19 on Pregnant women and newborns as a sensitive population. The current study is a systemic review and Meta-analysis to measure the risks and determine the presentations of COVID-19 in pregnant women and newborn.

Methods

online data bases were searched on march 20. Heterogeneity of the included studies was assessed using the Cochran Q test and Higgins I2 statistic and expressed as percentage. All data were analyzed with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 7 studies involving 50 participants with Positive test of COVID-19 were enrolled. Mean age of pregnant women was 30.57 years old and the Mean Gestational age was 36.9 weeks. Other variables such as Apgar score, birth weight, Sign and symptoms, Complications and Laboratory data were Analyzed.

Conclusion

Our findings showed same clinical characteristics in pregnant women as in non-pregnant adults, with the main symptoms being cough and fever. No vertical transmission was seen and all patients delivered healthy neonates. Our findings would be of great help to the decision making process, regarding the management of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.
Tris(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanolato)deca-μ-oxido-heptaoxidoheptavanadium acetonitrile monosolvate including another unknown solvent molecule
Authors: Kodama Shintaro , Kondo Shota , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: April 2020

The title heptanuclear alkoxido(oxido)vanadium(V) oxide cluster complex, [V7(C10H19O)O17(C18H24N2)3]·CH3CN, was obtained by the reaction of [V8O20(C18H24N2)4] with 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol (mixture of cis and trans) in a mixed CHCl3/CH3CN solvent. The complex has a V7O18N6 core with approximately C
s symmetry, which is composed of two VO4 tetrahedra, two VO6 octahedra and three VO4N2 octahedra. In the crystal, these complexes are linked together by weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds between the 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand and the V7O18N6 core, forming a one-dimensional network along the c-axis direction. Besides the complex, the asymmetric unit contains one CH3CN solvent molecule. The contribution of other disordered solvent molecules to the scattering was removed using the SQUEEZE option in PLATON [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18]. The unknown solvent molecules are not considered in the chemical formula and other crystal data.
Understanding decentralization: deconcentration and devolution processes in the French and Italian cultural sectors
Authors: Santagati Maria Elena , Bonini Baraldi Sara , Zan Luca
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Decentralization is a widespread and international phenomenon in public administration. Despite the interest of public management scholars, an in-depth analysis of the interrelationship between two of its forms – deconcentration and devolution – and its impact on policy and management capacities at the local level is seldom investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

This article addresses this gap by examining the implementation of deconcentration and devolution processes in France and Italy in the cultural field, combining the analysis of national reform processes with in-depth analyses of two regional cases. The research is the result of document analysis, participatory observation and semi-structured interviews.

Findings

The article reconstructs the impacts of devolution and deconcentration processes on the emergence of policy and management capacity in two regions (Rhone-Alpes and Piedmont) in the cultural sector. The article shows that decentralization in the cultural sector in France and Italy is the result of different combinations of devolution and deconcentration processes, that the two processes mutually affect their effectiveness, and that this effectiveness is deeply linked to the previous policy and management capacity of the central state in a specific field/country.

Originality/value

The article investigates decentralization as a result of the combination of deconcentration and devolution in comparative terms and in a specific sector of implementation, highlighting the usefulness of this approach also for other sectors/countries
Service robots, customers and service employees: what can we learn from the academic literature and where are the gaps?
Authors: Lu Vinh Nhat , Wirtz Jochen , Kunz Werner H. , Paluch Stefanie , Gruber Thorsten , Martins Antje , Patterson Paul G.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Robots are predicted to have a profound impact on the service sector. The emergence of robots has attracted increasing interest from business scholars and practitioners alike. In this article, we undertake a systematic review of the business literature about the impact of service robots on customers and employees with the objective of guiding future research.

Design/methodology/approach

We analyzed the literature on service robots as they relate to customers and employees in business journals listed in the Financial Times top 50 journals plus all journals covered in the cross-disciplinary SERVSIG literature alerts.

Findings

The analysis of the identified studies yielded multiple observations about the impact of service robots on customers (e.g. overarching frameworks on acceptance and usage of service robots; characteristics of service robots and anthropomorphism; and potential for enhanced and deteriorated service experiences) and service employees (e.g. employee benefits such as reduced routine work, enhanced productivity and job satisfaction; potential negative consequences such as loss of autonomy and a range of negative psychological outcomes; opportunities for human–robot collaboration; job insecurity; and robot-related up-skilling and development requirements). We also conclude that current research on service robots is fragmented, is largely conceptual in nature and focused on the initial adoption stage. We feel that more research is needed to build an overarching theory. In addition, more empirical research is needed, especially on the long(er)-term usage service robots on actual behaviors, the well-being and potential downsides and (ethical) risks for customers and service employees.

Research limitations/implications

Our review focused on the business and service literature. Future work may want to include additional literature streams, including those in computer science, engineering and information systems.

Originality/value

This article is the first to synthesize the business and service literature on the impact of service robots on customers and employees.
Oesophageal sarcocystosis observed at slaughter provides a reliable and efficient proximate measure of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep
Authors: Taggart PL , McAllister MM , Rutley D , Caraguel CGB
Published: April 2020

Objective

Successful disease management requires effective surveillance. Slaughterhouse inspections provide opportunities to efficiently collect regular disease data from many animals across large areas. Toxoplasma is a cat‐borne parasite that causes reproduction failure in sheep, although it is not visually detectable at slaughterhouses. Macroscopic sarcocystosis is a disease of sheep that is visually detectable at slaughter and is caused by parasites that share a similar biology with Toxoplasma. We investigated if sarcocystosis could act as a proximate measure for Toxoplasma exposure in sheep to facilitate its efficient surveillance at large scales.

Design/methods

We compared the presence of macroscopic sarcocystosis to Toxoplasma serostatus at the animal and farm levels.

Results

At the animal level, we found a weak association between Toxoplasma seropositivity and sarcocysts in the oesophagus (OR = 1.76 [95% CI: 1.17, 2.65; McFadden'sR2 = 0.01]) but no association between Toxoplasma seropositivity and sarcocysts in skeletal muscles. At the farm level, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was strongly associated with oesophageal sarcocystosis prevalence (OR = 28.59 [95% CI: 13.07, 62.57; McFadden'sR2 = 0.34]) but less strongly associated with sarcocystosis prevalence in skeletal muscles (OR = 7.91 [95% CI: 1.24, 50.39; McFadden'sR2 = 0.02]).

Conclusions

For Toxoplasma surveillance in sheep at the farm level, routine slaughter inspection and recording of macroscopic oesophageal sarcocystosis could be a reliable and efficient proximate measure. The monitoring of oesophageal sarcocystosis may be a useful passive Toxoplasma surveillance tool for guiding the timing and location of other Toxoplasma detection methods to facilitate the management of Toxoplasma impacts within the sheep industry.
Crystal structure of NirF: insights into its role in heme d1 biosynthesis
Authors: Klünemann Thomas , Nimtz Manfred , Jänsch Lothar , Layer Gunhild , Blankenfeldt Wulf
Published: April 2020

Certain facultative anaerobes such as the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can respire on nitrate, a process generally known as denitrification. This enables denitrifying bacteria to survive in anoxic environments and contributes, for example, to the formation of biofilm, hence increasing difficulties in eradicating P. aeruginosa infections. A central step in denitrification is the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by nitrite reductase NirS, an enzyme that requires the unique cofactor heme d1. While heme d1 biosynthesis is mostly understood, the role of the essential periplasmatic protein NirF in this pathway remains unclear. Here, we have determined crystal structures of NirF and its complex with dihydroheme d1, the last intermediate of heme d1 biosynthesis. We found that NirF forms a bottom‐to‐bottom β‐propeller homodimer and confirmed this by multi‐angle light and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The N termini are adjacent to each other and project away from the core structure, which hints at simultaneous membrane anchoring via both N termini. Further, the complex with dihydroheme d1 allowed us to probe the importance of specific residues in the vicinity of the ligand binding site, revealing residues not required for binding or stability of NirF but essential for denitrification in experiments with complemented mutants of a ΔnirF strain of P. aeruginosa. Together, these data suggest that NirF possesses a yet unknown enzymatic activity and is not simply a binding protein of heme d1 derivatives.

Database

Structural data are available in PDB database under the accession numbers 6TV2 and 6TV9.
A case study: Concurrent palliative care based on SENS‐structure for patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Fliedner Monica , Willener Rita
Published: April 2020

On an acute urological ward, it is challenging to meet all needs of patients with life‐limiting progressive cancer disease in complex situations. The focus shifts from curation to the holistic palliative approach aiming at patients' and their families' needs and planning care in advance with an interprofessional attitude. Based on a patient with castration refractory prostate carcinoma with multiple metastasis, the aim of this case study is to describe the palliative care approach, using the established so‐called SENS‐structure (Symptoms, End‐of‐life decisions, Network and Support of the carer) in which the bio‐, psycho‐, social and spiritual needs are addressed. We report on our practice experience using the SENS‐structure, in which the team discusses palliative care interventions with patients and their family: management of (potential) symptoms and self‐supporting strategies, expectations and end‐of‐life decisions including advance care planning, evaluation of patients' social and professional network and setting up additional support. The palliative care team provides advice to the treating team on future treatment strategies and care activities. The complex situation of a patient with metastatic prostate cancer and his personal sufferings illustrate the interprofessional use and person‐centred focus of the SENS‐structure. Important in this phase is—next to the family carers—the involvement of all professions and disciplines to break down the complexity of the situation into manageable proportions. Early involvement of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer is highly recommended. The SENS‐structure helps to prioritize and include the personalized approach which is strongly supported by nurses.
Toward a research agenda on climate‐related migration
Authors: Andrews Clinton J.
Published: April 2020

Climate change is one of the many stressors to which humans must adapt. Environmental concerns usually combine with other factors such as poverty, ethnic strife, or poor governance to become serious enough problems to warrant strong action. Migration away from affected areas is one time‐tested response. This article proposes a migration‐oriented research agenda for industrial ecology based on an examination of migration flows and ways of thinking about them, variations across contexts, implications for infrastructure and housing, the framing of climate‐related migration, and short‐term and longer‐term fluctuations in the demand for shelter and services in high and low income countries. Elements of this agenda include understanding decentralized migration decisions, developing socio‐ecologically based solutions for migration‐related problems, and embracing an urban focus that makes infrastructures more adaptable and makes cities more resilient and equitable.
Ontogenetic changes of tissue compartmentalization and bone type distribution in the humerus of Soay sheep
Authors: Becker Margarethe , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe , Frölich Kai , Kierdorf Horst
Published: April 2020

We studied ontogenetic changes of histomorphological features and bone type distribution in the humeral midshaft region of Soay sheep from three postnatal age classes (13, 25, and 33 months). Our study demonstrated a marked change of bone type distribution in the humeri with age. In the cortical midshaft region of 13‐month‐old individuals, periosteal fibrolamellar bone was the dominating bone type. This indicates a rapid bone growth during the first year of life, which was only interrupted by a seasonal growth arrest in the animals’ first winter. In individuals from the two older age classes, periosteal lamellar‐zonal bone and intermediate fibrolamellar bone had been formed at the periosteal surface, and endosteal lamellar‐zonal bone at the endosteal surface. These bone types are indicative of a reduced bone growth rate. A marked reduction in radial growth was already recorded in the 25‐month‐old individuals. Distribution and extent of secondary bone showed a marked bilateral symmetry in the humeri of individual sheep. The presence of secondary bone was largely restricted to the anterior (cranial) and the medial cortical areas. This characteristic distribution of remodeling activity within the humeral cortex of sheep is consistent with the view that remodeling activity is largely caused by compressive stress. Our study further demonstrated the presence of a considerable cortical drift in the sheep humeri over the study period, with endosteal resorption occurring predominantly in the posterior (caudal) quadrant and formation of a prominent endosteal lamellar pocket in the anterior (cranial) and medial cortical quadrants.
Segmental congenital hemangiomas: Three cases of a rare entity
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Metry Denise , Deardorff Matthew A. , Heller Elizabeth , Grand Katheryn L. , Iacobas Ionela , Rubin Adam I. , Phung Thuy L. , Lopez‐Terrada Dolores , Steicher Jenna , Cahill Anne Marie , Low David , Treat James R.
Published: April 2020

Congenital hemangiomas (CHs) are unusual and diverse tumors distinguished from infantile hemangiomas by being largely developed at birth and glucose transporter (GLUT1)‐negative. We describe three infants who presented in utero or at birth with segmentally distributed vascular tumors that were GLUT1‐negative, had histology compatible with congenital hemangioma, and exhibited spontaneous clinical involution. One of the three patients had high‐output cardiac failure and was found to have a mutation in GNAQ (c.626A>c, p.Gln209Pro); another had high‐output cardiac failure, heterotaxy, and transient hematologic abnormalities and was found to have a mutation in GNA11 (c.626_627delinsCC, p.Gln209Pro). In addition to describing a novel segmental pattern of congenital hemangioma variant with genetic correlations, these cases illustrate the utility of targeted genetic testing to elucidate the exact mutation and thus classification of vascular tumors.
Ex vivo comparison of leakage pressures and leakage location with a novel technique for creation of functional side‐to‐side canine small intestinal anastomoses
Authors: Chu Kyle L. , Duffy Daniel J. , Vieson Miranda D. , Moore George E.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To determine the ability of functional side‐to‐side small intestinal anastomoses (FSS‐SIA) created with an electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing (EBVS) device to resist leakage.

Study design

Experimental, ex vivo.

Sample population

Jejunal segments (n = 130) from 10 healthy canine cadavers.

Methods

Four types of anastomoses were created (two segments/construct and 15 constructs/group): EBVS (group A), EBVS + transverse stapling (group B), stapled (group C), and EBVS + suture augmentation (group D). Initial leakage pressure (ILP), initial leakage location (ILL), and maximal intraluminal pressure were compared between groups, and five group A constructs were analyzed histologically.

Results

Initial leakage pressure was greater in group D than in groups A, B, and C (P < .011). There was a difference in ILL among groups (P = .003). Leakage occurred at the side‐to‐side intestinal anastomosis fusion line in 13 of 15 (87%) constructs for groups A and B and in nine of 15 (60%) constructs for group D. Maximal intraluminal pressure was greater in group C than in groups A, B, and D (P < .004). Histological examination was consistent with collagenous fusion without cavitation defects.

Conclusion

Functional side‐to‐side small intestinal anastomosis was consistently achieved with an EBVS device. Augmentation of EBVS anastomoses with simple interrupted sutures along the anastomotic fusion line increased ILP compared with stapled anastomoses.

Clinical significance

Despite the success and feasibility of creating an FSS‐SIA with an EBVS device, additional in vivo studies are required to determine the effectiveness of intestinal fusion prior to clinical implementation.
Ultrasensitive Clostridioides difficile Toxin Testing for Higher Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Sandlund Johanna , Davies Kerrie , Wilcox Mark H.
Published: April 2020

Currently available diagnostic tests for
Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) lack specificity or sensitivity, which has led to guideline recommendations for multistep testing algorithms. Ultrasensitive assays for detection of
C. difficile
toxins provide measurements of disease-specific markers at very low concentrations. These assays may show improved accuracy compared to that of current testing methods and offer a potential standalone solution for CDI diagnosis, although large studies of clinical performance and accuracy are lacking.