bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at Low Frequencies Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Soleimani Hasan , Yahya Noorhana , Latiff Noor Rasyada Ahmad , Koziol Krzysztof , Maciejewska B.M. , Guan Beh Hoe
Published: December 2013

For electromagnetic absorbing and shielding applications, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are widely used due to their excellent electrical and physical properties. Fabrication of microwave absorbing materials involves the use of compounds capable of generating dielectric and/or magnetic losses when impinged by an electromagnetic wave. The presence of lattice defects e.g. vacancies and dislocations contributes to the loss and attenuation in the electromagnetic waves, which in turn remarkably enhance the absorption ability of the material. With the CVD technique which is known to produce several lattice defects in the final product, aligned MWCNTs were successfully synthesized by pyrolizing toluene and ferrocene in an inert argon environment. The morphology analysis of the aligned MWCNTs was conducted via FESEM and TEM analysis, to reveal the average length of approximately 295 μm, with diameters in the range of 60-200 nm. EDS analysis indicates the high yield of CNTs, with more than 90% in weight composition, with less than 5 % Fe impurities presence. Textural properties of MWCNTs were studied by measuring pore size and BET surface area. To understand the response of CNTs to an electromagnetic field, permeability and permittivity measurement were conducted in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 110 MHz. In conclusion, the presence of defects in MWCNTs is desirable for enhanced electromagnetic absorption ability.
Application of Electromagnetic Waves and Dielectric Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Zaid Hasnah Mohd , Latiff Noor Rasyada Ahmad , Yahya Noorhana , Soleimani Hasan , Shafie Afza
Published: December 2013

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) refers to the recovery of oil that is left behind in a reservoir after primary and secondary recovery methods, either due to exhaustion or no longer economical, through application of thermal, chemical or miscible gas processes. Most conventional methods are not applicable in recovering oil from reservoirs with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) due to the degradation of the chemicals in the environment. As an alternative, electromagnetic (EM) energy has been used as a thermal method to reduce the viscosity of the oil in a reservoir which increased the production of the oil. Application of nanotechnology in EOR has also been investigated. In this study, a non-invasive method of injecting dielectric nanofluids into the oil reservoir simultaneously with electromagnetic irradiation, with the intention to create disturbance at oil-water interfaces and increase oil production was investigated. During the core displacement tests, it has been demonstrated that in the absence of EM irradiation, both ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids recovered higher residual oil volumes in comparison with commercial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). When subjected to EM irradiation, an even higher residual oil was recovered in comparison to the case when no irradiation is present. It was also demonstrated that a change in the viscosity of dielectric nanofluids when irradiated with EM wave will improve sweep efficiency and hence, gives a higher oil recovery.
Effect of Carbon Nanotube Additive on the Thermal Performance of a Horizontal V-Grooved Heat Pipe
Authors: El-Nakla Meamer , Ahmed Wael , Al-Sarkhi Abdelsalam
Published: December 2013

An experimental facility to examine the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the performance of a horizontal V-grooved heat pipe was build. The circular heat pipe was made of copper with an inner diameter of 10 mm and equipped with 10 axial V-grooves with 1 mm depth and 1 mm mouth. The experiment was performed using water as working fluid with mass percentage of CNT of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5%. The optimum fill ratio of the heat pipe was first determined by examining the fill ratio effect on the total resistance. This optimum fill ratio was then used throughout the whole experiment. The evaporator of the heat pipe was heated using a copper heater block equipped with 6 cartridge heaters. The power input to the evaporator was varied from 60 W to 240 W in steps of 60 W with maintaining steady-state operation at each power level. The condenser was cooled by a water jacket fed by a chiller. The surface temperature of the heat pipe was measured by 7 K-type self-adhesive thermocouples connected to data acquisition system. The experimental results showed that the performance of the heat pipe improved with the use of CNT-water mixture in terms of a reduction in the thermal resistance. The results also showed that this enhancement is a function of the amount of CNT additive.
Calcineurin Inhibitors: 40 Years Later, Can’t Live Without …
Authors: Azzi Jamil R. , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Mallat Samir G.
Published: December 2013

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) revolutionized the field of organ transplantation and remain the standard of care 40 years after the discovery of cyclosporine. The early impressive results of cyclosporine in kidney transplant recipients led to its subsequent use in other organ transplant recipients and for treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases as well. In this review, we examine the discovery of CNIs, their mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical studies with CNIs, and the usage of CNIs in nontransplant recipients. We review the mechanisms of renal toxicity associated with CNIs and the recent efforts to avoid or reduce usage of these drugs. Although minimization strategies are possible, safe, and of potential long-term benefit, complete avoidance of CNIs has proven to be more challenging than initially thought.
The value and challenges of public sector information
Authors: Henninger Maureen
Published: December 2013

The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of public sector information (PSI), what it is, its history and evolution, what constitutes its corpus of documents and the issues and challenges it presents to society, its institutions and to those who use and manage it. The paper, by examining the literatures of the law, political science, civil society, economics and information and library science explores the inherent tensions of access to and use of PSI—pragmatism vs. idealism; openness vs. secrecy; commerce vs. altruism; property vs. commons; public good vs. private good. It focusses on open government data (OGD)—a subset of what is popularly referred to as ‘big data’—its background and development since much of the current debate of its use concerns its commercial value for both the private sector and the public sector itself. In particular it looks at the information itself which, driven by technologies of networks, data mining and visualisation gives value in industrial and economic terms, and in its ability to enable new ideas and knowledge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i3.3429
Representations of the Concept of Trust in the Literature of Library and Information Studies
Authors: Leith Dean
Published: December 2013

Governments and organizations around the world are increasingly turning to knowledge and information sharing as a lead strategy for developing response capacity to address issues in a wide range of programs and policy areas. The sharing of information and knowledge within organizations may be influenced by a range of factors, one being trust. This paper seeks, firstly, to identify and explore some key theoretic approaches to trust applied in the broader social sciences literature, including trust as a “leap of faith” or willingness to vulnerability; trust as a key component of social capital; and trust as a component of the concept of power-knowledge and truth- telling as found in the work of Michel Foucault. Second, the paper presents the findings of a meta-analysis conducted of recent library and information science (LIS) literature in order to analyze how these three theoretical approaches are represented. Findings of the meta-analysis indicate that the trust definitions offered by two of the three theoretical perspectives investigated are well represented in recent LIS research; that other simpler definitions of trust are also represented; and that over one quarter of the sample were found to offer no explicit definition of trust. Analysis of these latter studies suggest that trust is represented by the implicit views and assumptions of researchers and the focus is more on the embedded authority of the information or abstract system rather than on the trustor as an essential component of the trust dynamic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i3.3430
From Everyday Information Behaviours to Clickable Solidarity
Authors: Narayan Bhuva
Published: December 2013

Digital social media has, in many ways, transformed the way people create, maintain, and sustain their social information networks, and has also influenced their information-related behaviours such as searching, seeking, finding and use of information. This is especially true in technologically-mediated environments. In many ways, social media is the contemporary incarnation of the Internet itself. It is a complex information-and-communication environment, very much analogous to physical environments, but consisting of symbolic matter rather than physical matter. All social situations are information environments and social media is no different. This paper is an inter-disciplinary literature-review essay that examines the social media phenomenon using the lens of selected theories in information science and allied disciplines such as communication and media ecology with a specific focus toward its possible role in civil society using the conceptual framework of spatial metaphors drawn from the study of traditional physical environments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i3.3488
Toxicity assessment on the waters from the Criciúma river (Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil) using physico-chemical parameters and ecotoxicological approaches
Authors: Bruchchen Lívia Martins , Silva Patricia Schmitz , Silveira Fernanda Zanette , Defaveri Tamires Manganelli , Pich Claus Troger , Geremias Reginaldo
Published: December 2013

The Criciúma river (Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil) receives daily potentially toxic waste generated by various human activities. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of water from the Criciúma river, using physico-chemical parameters and ecotoxicological approaches. River water samples were collected in three different stations. The values of pH, COD, BOD, DO and hardness were determined. The following assays were performed: the acute toxicity in Daphnia magna, a test of inhibition of growth of roots in Allium cepa L. (onion), and genotoxicity (Comet test) in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. and blood cells and liver tissue of fish Geophagus brasiliensis. The results indicated that the water collected in the central region showed increased values of COD, BOD and hardness and low values of DO. Acute toxicity was found for Daphnia magna, as well as significant inhibition of growth of the roots A. cepa and genotoxic effects in A. cepa and G. brasiliensis exposed to waters from the central region. It was concluded that the waters of the Criciúma river are potentially toxic to biota exposed.
Effect of sodium arsenite on liver function related enzymes of cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis and its chelation by zeolite
Authors: Balasubramanian Jayasree , Kumar Anil
Published: December 2013

Arsenic has been associated with a multitude of health problems and various works to study its impact on different organisms are being done in different parts of the world. Remediation of metal toxicity in environment and animal body including man is a controversial topic. Fishes accumulate the toxicant easily through food chain and water and transfer it to humans. In the present study the impact of arsenic on enzymes of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis and the ability of synthetic zeolite as chelating agent were carried out. The alteration in activities of GPT, GOT and Alkaline phosphatase in the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis and the chelating effect of synthetic zeolite on it was studied after exposure to different concentrations of sodium arsenite for different durations. Fishes are exposed to two different concentrations of sodium arsenite (200 mL and 400 mL of 1% solution), for 3 different durations (3days, 7days and 15 days).The activities of GPT (F=46.63>14.24) and ALP (F=595.33>190.97) was found significantly elevated along with increasing concentration of sodium arsenite. The reversal of the effect on treatment with 1% solution of zeolite, along with sodium arsenite (GPT, F=47.78 > 14.24; and ALP, F=562.33 > 190.97, at 5% P) was reported. Where as the activity for GOT showed significant decrease (F= 132.12 > 49.69, at 5% P) on exposure to sodium arsenite and in this case also reversal of the effect on chelation with zeolite (F=107.21>49.69, at 5% P), was noticed.
Diurnal variations of stratospheric ozone measured by ground-based microwave remote sensing at the Mauna Loa NDACC site: measurement validation and GEOSCCM model comparison
Authors: Parrish A. , Boyd I. S. , Nedoluha G. E. , Bhartia P. K. , Frith S. M. , Kramarova N. A. , Connor B. J. , Bodeker G. E. , Froidevaux L. , Shiotani M. , Sakazaki T.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. There is presently renewed interest in diurnal variations of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone for the purpose of supporting homogenization of records of various ozone measurements that are limited by the technique employed to being made at certain times of day. We have made such measurements for 18 yr using a passive microwave remote sensing technique at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, which is a primary station in the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). We have recently reprocessed these data with hourly time resolution to study diurnal variations. We inspected differences between pairs of the ozone spectra (e.g. day and night) from which the ozone profiles are derived to determine the extent to which they may be contaminated by diurnally varying systematic instrumental or measurement effects. These are small, and we have reduced them further by selecting data that meet certain criteria that we established. We have calculated differences between profiles measured at different times: morning–night, afternoon–night, and morning–afternoon and have intercompared these with like profiles derived from Aura-MLS, UARS-MLS, SMILES, and SBUV/2 measurements. Differences between averages of coincident profiles are typically <1.5% of typical nightime values over most of the covered altitude range with some exceptions. We calculated averages of ozone values for each hour from the Mauna Loa microwave data, and normalized these to the average for the first hour after midnight for comparison with corresponding values calculated with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM). We found that the measurements and model output mostly agree to better than 1.5% of the midnight value, with one noteworthy exception: the measured morning–night values are significantly (2–3%) higher than the modeled ones from 3.2 to 1.8 hPa (~39–43 km), and there is evidence that the measured values are increasing compared to the modeled values before sunrise in this region.
High-resolution large-eddy simulations of sub-kilometer-scale turbulence in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere
Authors: Paoli R. , Thouron O. , Escobar J. , Picot J. , Cariolle D.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations of sub-kilometer-scale turbulence in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) are carried out and analyzed using the mesoscale atmospheric model Méso-NH. Different levels of turbulence are generated using a large-scale stochastic forcing technique that was especially devised to treat atmospheric stratified flows. The study focuses on the analysis of turbulence statistics, including mean quantities and energy spectra, as well as on a detailed description of flow topology. The impact of resolution is also discussed by decreasing the grid spacing to 2 m and increasing the number of grid points to 8×109. Because of atmospheric stratification, turbulence is substantially anisotropic, and large elongated structures form in the horizontal directions, in accordance with theoretical analysis and spectral direct numerical simulations of stably stratified flows. It is also found that the inertial range of horizontal kinetic energy spectrum, generally observed at scales larger than a few kilometers, is prolonged into the sub-kilometric range, down to the Ozmidov scales that obey isotropic Kolmorogov turbulence. The results are in line with observational analysis based on in situ measurements from existing campaigns.
Modeling the effects of organic nitrogen uptake by plants on the carbon cycling of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems
Authors: Zhu Q. , Zhuang Q.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Boreal forest and tundra are the major ecosystems in the northern high latitudes in which a large amount of carbon is stored. These ecosystems are nitrogen-limited due to slow mineralization rate of the soil organic nitrogen. Recently, abundant field studies have found that organic nitrogen is another important nitrogen supply for boreal forest and tundra ecosystems. In this study, we incorporated a mechanism that allowed boreal plants to uptake small molecular amino acids into a process-based biogeochemical model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to evaluate the impact of organic nitrogen uptake on ecosystem carbon cycling. The new version of the model was evaluated for both boreal forest and tundra sites. We found that the modeled organic nitrogen uptake accounted for 36–87% of total nitrogen uptake by plants in tundra ecosystems and 26–50% for boreal forests, suggesting that tundra ecosystem might have more relied on the organic form of nitrogen than boreal forests. The simulated monthly gross ecosystem production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) tended to be larger with the new version of the model since the plant uptake of organic nitrogen alleviated the soil nitrogen limitation especially during the growing season. The sensitivity study indicated that the most important factors controlling the plant uptake of organic nitrogen was the soil amino acid diffusion coefficient (De) in our model, suggesting that the organic nitrogen uptake by plants is likely to be regulated by the edaphic characteristics of diffusion. The model uncertainty due to uncertain parameters associated with organic nitrogen uptake of the tundra ecosystem was larger than the boreal forest ecosystems. This study suggests that considering the organic nitrogen uptake by plants is important to carbon modeling of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems.
Modelled transport of benthic marine microplastic pollution in the Nazaré Canyon
Authors: Ballent A. , Pando S. , Purser A. , Juliano M. F. , Thomsen L.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. With knowledge of typical hydrodynamic behavior of waste plastic material, models predicting the dispersal of benthic plastics from land sources within the ocean are possible. Here we investigated the hydrodynamic behavior (density, settling velocity and resuspension characteristics) of non-buoyant preproduction plastic pellets in the laboratory. From these results we used the MOHID modelling system to predict what would be the likely transport and deposition pathways of such material in the Nazaré Canyon (Portugal) during the spring/summer months of 2009 and the autumn/winter months of 2011. Model outputs indicated that non-buoyant plastic pellets would likely be transported up and down canyon as a function of tidal forces, with only a minor net down canyon movement resulting from tidal action. The model indicated that transport down canyon was likely greater during the autumn/winter, primarily as a result of occasional mass transport events related to storm activity and internal wave action. Transport rates within the canyon were not predicted to be regular throughout the canyon system, with stretches of the upper canyon acting more as locations of pellet deposition than conduits of pellet transport. Topography and the depths of internal wave action are hypothesized to contribute to this lack of homogeneity in predicted transport.
Absorption and fluorescence properties of the eastern Bering Sea in the summer with special reference to the influence of a Cold Pool
Authors: D'Sa E. J. , Goes J. I. , Gomes H. , Mouw C.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are reported for the inner shelf, slope waters and outer shelf regions of the eastern Bering Sea during the summer of 2008, when a warm, thermally stratified surface mixed layer lay over a Cold Pool (< 2 °C) that occupied the entire middle shelf. CDOM absorption at 355 nm (ag355) and its spectral slope (S) in conjunction with excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed large variability in the characteristics of CDOM in different regions of the Bering Sea. PARAFAC analysis aided in the identification of three humic-like (components 1, 2 and 5) and two protein-like (a tyrosine-like component 3, and a tryptophan-like component 4) components. In the extensive shelf region, average absorption coefficients at 355 nm (ag355 m–1) and DOC concentrations (μM) were highest in the inner shelf (0.342 ± 0.11 m–1, 92.67 ± 14.60 μM) and lower in the middle (0.226 ± 0.05 m–1, 78.38 ± 10.64 μM) and outer (0.176 ± 0.05 m–1, 80.73 ± 18.11 μM) shelves, respectively. Mean spectral slopes S were elevated in the middle shelf (24.38 ± 2.25 μm–1) especially in the surface waters (26.87 ± 2.39 μm–1) indicating high rates of photodegradation in the highly stratified surface mixed layer, which intensified northwards in the northern middle shelf likely contributing to greater light penetration and to phytoplankton blooms at deeper depths. The fluorescent humic-like components 1, 2, and 5 were most elevated in the inner shelf most likely from riverine inputs. Measurements at depth in slope waters (> 250 m) revealed low values of ag355 (0.155 ± 0.03 m–1) and S (15.45 ± 1.78 μm–1) indicative of microbial degradation of CDOM in deep waters. DOC concentrations, however were not significantly different suggesting CDOM sources and sinks to be uncoupled from DOC. Along the productive "green belt" in the outer shelf/slope region, absorption and fluorescence properties indicated the presence of fresh and degraded autochthonous DOM. Near the Unimak Pass region of the Aleutian Islands, low DOC and ag355 (mean 66.99 ± 7.94 μM; 0.182 ± 0.05 m–1) and a high S (mean 25.95 ± 1.58 μm–1) suggested substantial photobleaching of the Alaska Coastal Waters, but high intensities of humic-like and protein-like fluorescence suggested sources of fluorescent DOM from coastal runoff and glacier melt waters during the summer. Although our data show that the CDOM photochemical environment of the Bering Sea is complex, our current information on its optical properties will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of CDOM in carbon budgets in relation to the annual sea ice and phytoplankton dynamics, and to improved algorithms of ocean color remote sensing for this region.
A high-resolution multi-proxy record of late Cenozoic environment change from central Taklimakan Desert, China
Authors: Wang X. , Sun D. H. , Wang F. , Li B. F. , Wu S. , Guo F. , Li Z. J. , Zhang Y. B. , Chen F. H.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin is the largest desert in Central Asia, and is regarded as one of the main dust sources to the Northern Hemisphere. Late Cenozoic sedimentary sequences with intercalated in-situ aeolian dune sands in this area preserve direct evidence for the Asian desertification. Herein, we report a high-resolution multi-proxy climatic record from the precise magnetostratigraphic dated Hongbaishan section in the central Taklimakan Desert. Our results show that a fundamental climate change, characterised by significant cooling, enhanced aridity, and intensified atmospheric circulation, occurred at 2.8 Ma. Good correlations between paleo-environmental records in the dust sources and downwind areas suggest a broadly consistent climate evolution of northwestern China during the late Cenozoic, which is probably driven by the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Hydrologic benchmarking of meteorological drought indices at interannual to climate change timescales: a case study over the Amazon and Mississippi river basins
Authors: Joetzjer E. , Douville H. , Delire C. , Ciais P. , Decharme B. , Tyteca S.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Widely used metrics of drought are still derived solely from analyses of meteorological variables such as precipitation and temperature. While drought is generally a consequence of atmospheric anomalies, the impacts to society are more directly related to hydrologic conditions. The present study uses a standardized runoff index (SRI) as a proxy for river discharge and as a benchmark for various meteorological drought indices (scPDSI, SPI, SPEI_th, and SPEI_hg respectively). Only 12-month duration droughts are considered in order to allow a direct (no river routing) comparison between meteorological anomalies and their hydrological counterpart. The analysis is conducted over the Mississippi and Amazon river basins, which provide two contrasted test beds for evaluating drought indices at both interannual (using detrended data) and climate change (using raw data) timescales. Looking first at observations over the second half of the 20th century, the simple SPI based solely on precipitation is no less suitable than more sophisticated meteorological drought indices at detecting interannual SRI variations. Using the detrended runoff and meteorological outputs of a five-member single model ensemble of historical and 21th century climate simulations leads to the same conclusion. Looking at the 21st century projections, the response of the areal fraction in drought to global warming is shown to be strongly metric dependent and potentially overestimated by the drought indices which account for temperature variations. These results suggest that empirical meteorological drought indices should be considered with great caution in a warming climate and that more physical water balance models are needed to account for the impact of the anthropogenic radiative forcings on hydrological droughts.
Regional GRACE-based estimates of water mass variations over Australia: validation and interpretation
Authors: Seoane L. , Ramillien G. , Frappart F. , Leblanc M.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Time series of regional 2° × 2° Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions have been computed from 2003 to 2011 with a 10-day resolution by using an energy integral method over Australia (112° E–156° E; 44° S–10° S). This approach uses the dynamical orbit analysis of GRACE Level 1 measurements, and specially accurate along-track K-band range rate (KBRR) residuals with a 1 μm s−1 level of errors, to estimate the total water mass over continental regions. The advantages of regional solutions are a significant reduction of GRACE aliasing errors (i.e. north–south stripes) providing a more accurate estimation of water mass balance for hydrological applications. In this paper, the validation of these regional solutions over Australia is presented, as well as their ability to describe water mass change as a response of climate forcings such as El Niño. Principal component analysis of GRACE-derived total water storage (TWS) maps shows spatial and temporal patterns that are consistent with independent data sets (e.g. rainfall, climate index and in situ observations). Regional TWS maps show higher spatial correlations with in situ water table measurements over Murray–Darling drainage basin (80–90%), and they offer a better localization of hydrological structures than classical GRACE global solutions (i.e. Level 2 Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS)) products and 400 km independent component analysis solutions as a linear combination of GRACE solutions provided by different centers.
Investigation of the influence of topographic irregularities and two dimensional effects on the intensity of surface ground motion with one- and two-dimensional analyses
Authors: Yılmazoğlu L. , İnce G. Ç.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In this work, the surface ground motion that occurs during an earthquake in ground sections having different topographic forms has been examined with one and two dynamic site response analyses. One-dimensional analyses were undertaken using the Equivalent-Linear Earthquake Response Analysis program based on the equivalent linear analysis principle and the Deepsoil program which is able to make both equivalent linear and nonlinear analyses and two-dimensional analyses using the Plaxis software. The viscous damping parameters used in the dynamic site response analyses undertaken with the Plaxis software were obtained using the DeepSoil program. In the dynamic site response analyses, the synthetic acceleration over a 475 yr replication period representing the earthquakes in Istanbul was used as the basis of the bedrock ground motion. The peak ground acceleration obtained different depths of soils and acceleration spectrum values have been compared. The surface topography and layer boundaries in the 5-5' section were selected in order to examine the effect of the land topography and layer boundaries on the analysis results were flattened and compared with the actual status. The analysis results showed that the characteristics of the surface ground motion changes in relation to the varying local soil conditions and land topography.
Extending Textual Models of Deception to Interrogation Settings
Authors: Skillicorn David , Lamb Carolyn
Published: December 2013

Models that detect deception in text typically outperform humans but are limited to single pieces of text created by a single individual. Text from dialogues and wider conversations reflects linguistic influence among the participants, and this intertwining makes it difficult to ascribe deception to any one of them. We address this problem in dialogues, particularly interrogations. by seeking to detect and remove the influence of the language of a question from the language of the response. Surprisingly, this does not work as expected: the response by a deceptive person to certain categories of words in questions is qualitatively different from that of a truthful person. Successful prediction of deception in responses, therefore, requires analysis using the words of both questions and answers. We show that such prediction is indeed effective.
Analysing Deception in Written Witness Statements
Authors: Picornell Isabel
Published: December 2013

Written witness statements are a unique source for the study of high-stakes textual deception. To date, however, there is no distinction in the way that they and other forms of verbal deception have been analysed, with written statements treated as extensions of transcribed versions of oral reports. Given the highly context-dependent nature of cues, it makes sense to take the characteristics of the medium into account when analysing for deceptive language. This study examines the characteristic features of witness narratives and proposes a new approach to search for deception cues. Narratives are treated as a progression of episodes over time, and deception as a progression of acts over time. This allows for the profiling of linguistic bundles in sequence, revealing the statements’ internal gradient, and deceivers’ choice of deceptive linguistic strategy. Study results suggest that, at least in the context of written witness statements, the weighting of individual features as deception cues is not static but depends on their interaction with other cues, and that detecting deceivers’ use of linguistic strategy is en effective vehicle for identifying deception.
Barriers to Progress in Speaker Identification with Comments on the Trayvon Martin Case
Authors: Hollien Harry
Published: December 2013

Linguistics and phonetics overlap in many areas. The essay to follow reviews some of the problems experienced by phoneticians in one of these regions. It may provide some insight for linguists when they are confronted by barriers in their own field. The present example involves individuals who are attempting to identify speakers from voice analysis. The fundamental challenge they face is, of course, caused by the thousands of variables associated with that task. Included here are differences among speakers’ gender, age, size, physiology, language, dialect, psychological/health states, background/education, reason for speaking, situation, environment, configuration of the acoustic channel -- plus many others. Many formal assessment procedures -- both aural-perceptual ones conducted by humans or machine/computer based systems -- have been proposed and/or used for the cited analyses. Unfortunately, however, few have enjoyed particularly high levels of success. Worse yet, reasonable progress has suffered from external impedances; the report to follow will outline some of them. Among the problems considered are: 1) competition (verification vs. identification, from voiceprints), 2) concept disputes 3) the continued undervaluation of relevant evidence and 4) markedly dissimilar philosophies of professionals from different disciplines. A response in the form of a short review of the data and concepts which clearly support the possibility of robust speaker identification is presented. Also included are suggestions as to how to enhance the effectiveness of disciplines such as ours.
Seeing through Deception: A Computational Approach to Deceit Detection in Spanish Written Communication
Authors: Almela Ángela , Valencia-García Rafael , Cantos Pascual
Published: December 2013

The present paper addresses the question of the nature of deception language. Specifically, the main aim of this piece of research is the exploration of deceit in Spanish written communication. We have designed an automatic classifier based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) for the identification of deception in an ad hoc opinion corpus. In order to test the effectiveness of the LIWC2001 categories in Spanish, we have drawn a comparison with a Bag-of-Words (BoW) model. The results indicate that the classification of the texts is more successful by means of our initial set of variables than with the latter system. These findings are potentially applicable to areas such as forensic linguistics and opinion mining, where extensive research on languages other than English is needed.
Detection of Deception in a Virtual World
Authors: Collister Lauren B.
Published: December 2013

This work explores the role of multimodal cues in detection of deception in a virtual world, an online community of World of Warcraft players. Case studies from a five-year ethnography are presented in three categories: small-scale deception in text, deception by avoidance, and large-scale deception in game-external modes. Each case study is analyzed in terms of how the affordances of the medium enabled or hampered deception as well as how the members of the community ultimately detected the deception. The ramifications of deception on the community are discussed, as well as the need for researchers to have a deep community knowledge when attempting to understand the role of deception in a complex society. Finally, recommendations are given for assessment of behavior in virtual worlds and the unique considerations that investigators must give to the rules and procedures of online communities.
At Home in Brussels: Professional mobility as a service
Authors: Van der Graaf Shenja , Vanobberghen Wim
Published: December 2013

An emerging generation of mobile applications is viewing mobility as a way to create interactive experiences that rely on or exploit movement and space in the urban context. By drawing on a user–oriented design approach, this paper investigates the initial design stages of a mobile relocation service application (linked to a Web–based service) developed for professionals relocating to the city of Brussels. This approach provides insight into several socio–spatial factors underpinning the relocation process. The findings demonstrate that the user–mobile application dynamic associated with a personalized experience augments and facilitates how people come to plan and understand cities, how they manage certain services and utilities, and hence how they seek to shape life in a new city.
Introduction: Beyond the centrality of media and the centrality of space
Authors: Tarantino Matteo , Tosoni Simone
Published: December 2013

Starting from the middle of the twentieth century human geography has allowed social sciences to escape the prison of Euclidean, abstract space. In that prison, social actors performed within an empty, static container known as “space,” which was more or less a background to their actions. This liberation had many fathers. We could quote Henri Lefebvre’s writings on spatial production (Lefebvre, 1991), Michel de Certeau’s notion of “space as practiced place” (de Certeau, 1984), and Yi–Fu Tuan’s (1976) treatment of “humanistic geography” among the most known “co–conspirators” of this escape. Breaking free of the notion of abstract space, meant to develop the powerful theoretical tool of socio–spatial production. Space emerged as a product of human interaction and at the same time as a context structuring those practices. By the mid–1980s, Massey expressed the circular relationship between space and the social in no ambiguous terms. “Space is a social construct ... [but] the spatial is not only an outcome: it is also part of the explanation [of social processes]” (Massey, 1984). Producing the space we inhabit meant that the more people were in a space, the more rapidly and often unpredictably it changed. And the more diverse the people, the more diverse the way they thought, and what they did in space. Therefore, the more rapid and unpredictable were the changes.
The Use of the “Ancient Unity” in the Historiography of the Moravian Church
Authors: Atwood Craig
Published: December 2013

This article examines how Moravians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries interpreted the (Bohemian) Unity of the Brethren and the relationship of that church to the Moravian Church, founded in Herrnhut, Germany, in the eighteenth century. Zinzendorf and his contemporaries used the Unity of the Brethren to legitimate the discipline, ministerial orders, and ecumenical endeavors of the Moravian Church. After a brief look at German-Moravian historiography in the nineteenth century, particularly the development of the myth of the “Hidden Seed,” we will examine in detail how Moravians in England and North America used the concept of the Ancient Unity to create an American Moravian Church independent of German control. Church historians like Edmund de Schweinitz tried to look past Herrnhut to claim the identity of the Bohemian Brethren as the true identity of the Unitas Fratrum. Ironically, English and American Moravians adopted very little of the doctrine and practice of the Unity of the Brethren even as they claimed the history of that church. In fact, by the time of de Schweinitz the Moravians had abandoned controversial aspects of the church that most clearly connected the Bohemian Brethren to the renewed church, such as pacifism and the refusal to swear oaths.
Maria Beaumont: Race and Caribbean Wealth at the Early Nineteenth-century Moravian Boarding School for Girls in Bethlehem
Authors: Bancroft Catherine
Published: December 2013

Maria Beaumont from St. Croix entered the Moravian Boarding School for Girls in Bethlehem in 1787 and later became a music teacher at the school. A little-known 1858 memoir by Charlotte Mortimer alleges that Beaumont was the daughter of a planter and his slave, and that her life was tragically shortened when one of her music students publicly attacked her for her race. Investigations into family papers, recent scholarship about St. Croix, school records, and Beaumont's own memoir uncover the story of Beaumont's life. Her history highlights a web of interconnections that united the Caribbean world of plantation wealth, the elites of the northern seaboard, and the Bethlehem school; it also dramatizes the gulf between the school's increasingly fashionable status and the “marginal” students that represented its communal and egalitarian legacy. Maria's story introduces us to a remarkable woman of color, and enables a significantly fuller view of the evolving life of the school.
A Solution to Cooperative Area Coverage Surveillance for a Swarm of MAVs
Authors: Zheng-Jie Wang , Wei Li
Published: December 2013

Considering that coverage evaluation and control is one of the critical areas in surveillance, in this study we use deployment entropy to assess the coverage quality of a swarm of micro air vehicles (MAVs). Depending on the evaluation result of deployment entropy, we also develop a two-level redeployment algorithm to cope with the MAVs' redeployment problem for maximizing coverage. With the goal of distributing the MAVs evenly over the interested region, we divide the redeployment process into two levels: the global level and the local level. We propose a strategy of MAV redeployment for maximizing the deployment entropy at both levels. From numerical simulation, results show that by computing the value of deployment entropy, it is possible to evaluate the distribution of the MAVs' network in a wide area and the two-level algorithm can improve the sensing coverage of MAVs.
A Survey and Analysis of Multi-Robot Coordination
Authors: Yan Zhi , Jouandeau Nicolas , Cherif Arab Ali
Published: December 2013

In the field of mobile robotics, the study of multi-robot systems (MRSs) has grown significantly in size and importance in recent years. Having made great progress in the development of the basic problems concerning single-robot control, many researchers shifted their focus to the study of multi-robot coordination. This paper presents a systematic survey and analysis of the existing literature on coordination, especially in multiple mobile robot systems (MMRSs). A series of related problems have been reviewed, which include a communication mechanism, a planning strategy and a decision-making structure. A brief conclusion and further research perspectives are given at the end of the paper.
Hipótese sobre a origem da Depressão Periférica Paulista
Authors: Vieira Percy Corrêa
Published: December 2013

Propõe-se neste trabalho discutir evidências da existência de processo tectônico gerador da Depressão Periférica Paulista, representado pelo afundamento da borda nordeste da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, no Cenozóico e evidenciado pela seqüência dos eventos geológicos que afetaram o sudeste brasileiro
Enhancement of Polysialic Acid Expression Improves Function of Embryonic Stem-Derived Dopamine Neuron Grafts in Parkinsonian Mice
Authors: Battista Daniela , Ganat Yosif , El Maarouf Abderrahman , Studer Lorenz , Rutishauser Urs
Published: December 2013

There has been considerable progress in obtaining engraftable embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived midbrain dopamine neurons for cell replacement therapy in models of Parkinson's disease; however, limited integration and striatal reinnervation of ES-derived grafts remain a major challenge for future clinical translation. In this paper, we show that enhanced expression of polysialic acid results in improved graft efficiency in correcting behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian mice. This result is accompanied by two potentially relevant cellular changes: greater survival of transplanted ES-derived dopamine neurons and robust sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive processes into host tissue. Because the procedures used to enhance polysialic acid are easily translated to other cell types and species, this approach may represent a general strategy to improve graft integration in cell-based therapies.
Concise Review: Microfluidic Technology Platforms: Poised to Accelerate Development and Translation of Stem Cell-Derived Therapies
Authors: Titmarsh Drew M. , Chen Huaying , Glass Nick R. , Cooper-White Justin J.
Published: December 2013

Stem cells are a powerful resource for producing a variety of cell types with utility in clinically associated applications, including preclinical drug screening and development, disease and developmental modeling, and regenerative medicine. Regardless of the type of stem cell, substantial barriers to clinical translation still exist and must be overcome to realize full clinical potential. These barriers span processes including cell isolation, expansion, and differentiation; purification, quality control, and therapeutic efficacy and safety; and the economic viability of bioprocesses for production of functional cell products. Microfluidic systems have been developed for a myriad of biological applications and have the intrinsic capability of controlling and interrogating the cellular microenvironment with unrivalled precision; therefore, they have particular relevance to overcoming such barriers to translation. Development of microfluidic technologies increasingly utilizes stem cells, addresses stem cell-relevant biological phenomena, and aligns capabilities with translational challenges and goals. In this concise review, we describe how microfluidic technologies can contribute to the translation of stem cell research outcomes, and we provide an update on innovative research efforts in this area. This timely convergence of stem cell translational challenges and microfluidic capabilities means that there is now an opportunity for both disciplines to benefit from increased interaction.
Perspectives on Abdominal Organ Preservation Solutions: A Comparative Literature Review
Authors: Voigt Marcia R. , DeLario Ginger T.
Published: December 2013

Various preservation solutions are used for kidney, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and multiorgan recoveries and transplants. The effectiveness of these solutions, primarily measured by ability to preserve the organ and graft survival, was analyzed. The 2 most common solutions used for intra-abdominal organs are University of Wisconsin Solution (UW)/Viaspan and Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)/Custodiol solution. Outcomes for liver, pancreas, and kidney allografts preserved with these 2 solutions are similar. Although HTK solution shows conflicting results with respect to pancreatic cellular edema, researchers in several studies have noted that HTK solution may be more protective than UW solution against biliary complications in liver transplant. In kidney recoveries, HTK solution may be associated with higher graft loss and increased delayed graft function in marginal deceased donors but had lower incidence of delayed graft function in living donors when compared with UW. UW remains the reference standard for use during multiorgan recoveries but is experiencing strong competition from HTK and other alternative solutions. Some researchers suggest that Celsior's comparable results in abdominal organs and viability for thoracic organs makes it a strong competitor, especially in multiorgan recoveries. Each solution has benefits accompanied by disadvantages. Although it may not be feasible, when considering single-organ recoveries, consideration of alternative solutions may be warranted.