bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of a nutrition for the cultivation of non-psychotropic hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) central european ecological-geographical type in vitro
Authors: Mischenko Serhiy
Published: November 2020

To improve the efficiency of cultivation of monoecious non-psychotropic hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) of Central European ecological-geographical type in vitro, the Murashige and Skoog medium was proposed, which includes 440 mg/l (3 mM) CaCl2 · 2H2O, 370 mg/l (1, 5 mM) MgSO4 · 7H2O, 22,3 mg/l (100 mM) MnSO4 · 4H2O, 8,6 mg/l (30 mM) ZnSO4 · 4H2O, 0,83 mg/l (5 mM) KJ, 0,25 mg/l (1 mkM) Na2MoO4 · 2H2O, 2 mg/l glycine, 100 mg/l meso-inositol, 0,5 mg/l pyridoxine, 0,1 mg/l thiamine, as well as NH4NO3, KNO3, KH2PO4, FeSO4 · 7H2O, complexed (chelated) EDTA-Na2, H3BO3, CuSO4 · 5H2O, CoCl2 · 6H2O, nicotinic acid, sucrose, agar, phytohormones, if necessary, modify as follows: 2400 mg/l (30 mM) NH4NO3, 1768 mg/l (17,5 mM) KNO3, 136 mg/l (1 mM) KH2PO4, 34,72 mg/l (125 mM) FeSO4 · 7H2O, complexed (chelated) EDTA-Na2, 12,36 mg/l (200 mkM) H3VO3, complexed (chelated) C3H5(OH)3, 0,05 mg/l (0,2 mkM) CuSO4 · 5H2O, 0,05 mg/l (0,2 mkM) CoCl2 · 6H2O, 5 mg/l ascorbic acid, 1 g/l activated carbon, 10–30 g/l glucose, 8 g/l agar.
Change of status of stems indicators in the process of healing of stock after hemp seeds harvesting with a grain harvester for different technologies
Authors: Lukyanenko Petro
Published: November 2020

The aim is to study the indicators of changes in the state of stems in the process of stocks retting after hemp seeds harvesting with a combine harvester using various technologies. A brief description of the work performed. With two methods of hemp seeds harvesting by a combine harvester by cutting the seed part and combing it with subsequent threshing, it was investigated that during the preparation of the stocks, the state of all constituent stems, namely, left standing, after the harvesting process is carried out, is in the wheel area and threshed in the thresher for option with a cut. It was established that during the preparation of hemp stocks after harvesting the seeds with a combine harvester, the color of the stems changes from yellow-green (corresponds to straw) to gray with slight brown shades, which corresponds to the stock for all components. The color change of the stems during the preparation of the stock can be controlled by the indicator of the intensity of the reflected light flux from the test surface, which decreases and for straw corresponds to 46-54 lux, the beginning of the formation of the stock, when on the first stems the fiber begins to separate from the wood - 30-32 lux and matted stock - 25-28 lux. Conclusions. Indicators of changes in the state of stems in the process of maturing stocks after hemp seeds harvesting with a combine harvester using different technologies are determined.
The new device for determination of fiber content in individual plants of fiber flax
Authors: Holoviy Oleksandr
Published: November 2020

The article describes the design of the device for determining the fiber content in individual plants of flax, which is a special torsion scales of the new design. The principle of operation of the device is based on the transformation of the free end of the cantilever-mounted flat spring, to which the object of suspension is suspended, in the rotation of a mirror that reflects the laser diode beam on the scale. The device can be used in fibe flax breeding.
Addressing Influenza Vaccination in MENA Region during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Decreasing the Effects of the Collision
Authors: Al Awaidy Salah T. , Uyaroğlu Oğuz Abdullah , Wannous Chadia , Tanriover Mine Durusu
Published: November 2020

The Northern Hemisphere, including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is anxiously waiting for the influenza season as it is expected to coincide with the second peak or wave of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causing fear of a ‘twindemic’, where two epidemics happen at the same time. Influenza cases abruptly declined as a result of the COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing, as well as missed diagnoses due to sick people avoiding healthcare institutions early in the spring.1 Yet, the world should be prepared for the worst as we are not certain if preventive measures to mitigate COVID-19 transmission can lead to a low upcoming season for influenza in the Northern Hemisphere as has been evident in the Southern Hemisphere during June–August 20201 or it may lead to viral interference resulting in different peaks of the infection.
Exploring Consumer Financial Support to Inform Communication about Agricultural Best Management Practices
Authors: Rampold Shelli D. , Lamm Alexa J. , McKee Brandon
Published: November 2020

The benefits to the environment associated with farmer adoption of Best Management Practices (BMPs) is well documented, yet the agricultural industry has resisted widespread acceptance and implementation. Network support, level of education/knowledge, and financial concerns have all been found as contributing factors impacting adoption. Extension agents can increase knowledge levels through direct education with farmers; however, network support in the form of public support and willingness to pay for engagement in BMPs may be the best way to combine the network and financial support farmers need to increase engagement. Unfortunately, little is known about public interest in supporting BMP engagement. This study was conducted to determine public willingness to pay for BMP engagement and identify the characteristics of those willing to pay more for food produced using BMPs so that agricultural communication efforts may be targeted at both consumers and producers. Findings indicated there was public support for BMP adoption and that most supported a 10% increase in food prices when purchasing food produced using BMPs. Recommendations are provided regarding marketing strategies and how agricultural communicators can identify and utilize BMP opinion leaders to assist in educating a broad base of consumers in the cost of BMP engagement.
Secondary Students’ Perceptions of Inquiry-based Learning in the Agriculture Classroom
Authors: Baldock Kalynn , Murphrey Theresa Pesl
Published: November 2020

Inquiry-based learning supports constructivism theory and has been used by both Comenius (1592- 1670) and Dewey (1859-1952) in early educational settings. Incorporating inquiry-based instruction into the agriculture classroom, while beneficial, brings with it challenges for teachers and learners. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine teachers’ perceptions of inquiry-based instruction and its benefits. However, limited research has investigated agriculture students’ perceptions about inquiry-based learning on their educational growth. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of secondary students transitioning to and using inquiry-based instruction in their agriculture classes. A phenomenological approach was employed to examine the lived experiences of secondary agriculture students’ who had utilized inquiry-based instruction. The phenomenon under investigation was inquiry-based instruction. We conducted qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of 24 secondary agriculture students to explore their perceptions of the inquiry approach. Findings revealed students describe inquiry as “hands on,” a method requiring they work by themselves, and activities involving questions. Students indicated a preference for inquiry-based learning opportunities and expressed awareness of the potential for inquiry-based learning opportunities to improve their critical thinking skills. Documentation of secondary students’ perceptions about inquiry-based learning opportunities provide instructors insight to guide instruction within the agriculture classroom.
Bata-Unet: Deep Learning Model for Liver Segmentation
Authors: Abdalbagi Fatima , Viriri Serestina , Mohammed Mohammed Tajalsir
Published: November 2020

In computer vision, image segmentation is defined as process of a partition of an image in a number of regions with homogeneous features. The region of our interest here is the liver. Prior to the deep learning revolution traditional handcrafted features were used for liver segmentation but with deep learning the features are obtained automatically. There are many semiautomatic and fully automatic approaches have been proposed to improve the liver segmentation procedure some of them use deep learning techniques for Segmentation and other one use a Classical Based method for Segmentation. In this paper we aim to enhance our previous work which we were proposed a Batch Normalization After All - Convolutional Neural Network (BATA-Convnet) model to segment the liver, where the Dice is equal to 0.91% when implement our BATA Convnet using MICCA dataset and Dice is equal to 0.84% when implement it using 3D-IRCAD dataset. Here in this paper we propose BATA-Unet model for liver segmentation, it's based on Unet architecture as backbone but differ in we added a batch-normalization layer an after each convolution layer in both construction path and expanding path. The proposed method was able to achieve highest dice similarity coefficient than the previous work where for MICCA dataset Dice =0.97% and for 3D-IRCAD dataset =0.96%. Also our proposed model outperformed other state-of-the-art model when we compare it with them.
Genotoxicity detected during cyanobacteria bloom in a water supply reservoir
Authors: Wunsche Luana , Vicari Taynah , Calado Sabrina Loise de Morais , Wojciechowski Juliana , Magalhães Valéria Freitas de , Assis Helena Cristina Silva de , Leme Daniela Morais , Cestari Marta Margarete
Published: November 2020

The aquatic ecosystems are susceptible to cyanobacterial blooms due to the eutrophication of water bodies caused by human activities. In this study, phytoplankton and cyanotoxins analysis, as well as cellular and genetic biomarkers of toxicity (Allium cepa test - higher plant test system), were evaluated in water samples of Alagados Reservoir during a cyanobacterial bloom in South Brazil. The water samples were collected during the wet season at two sites in the Reservoir. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were detected in both samples (sites 1 and 2); however, the levels of PSTs were higher in site 1. Gonyautoxin 2 was the major cyanotoxin found in the Reservoir. Both samples were able to induce cytotoxic effects (reduced Mitotic Index) and damage the genetic material (i.e., increased frequencies of chromosome aberration and micronuclei) of meristematic cells of A. cepa. The cellular and genetic damages were higher in the sample site 1, wherein high levels of PSTs were verified. Thus, our findings suggested that cyanotoxins-contaminated waters may damage the genetic material of living organisms, and therefore this group of contaminants should be assessed for their potential genotoxicity.
Interference from alkenes in chemiluminescent NOx measurements
Authors: Alam Mohammed S. , Crilley Leigh R. , Lee James D. , Kramer Louisa J. , Pfrang Christian , Vázquez-Moreno Mónica , Ródenas Milagros , Muñoz Amalia , Bloss William J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are
critical intermediates in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. NOx
levels control the cycling and hence abundance of the primary atmospheric
oxidants OH and NO3 and regulate the ozone production which results
from the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. They are also atmospheric pollutants, and NO2 is commonly
included in air quality objectives and regulations. NOx levels also
affect the production of the nitrate component of secondary aerosol
particles and other pollutants, such as the lachrymator peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The accurate measurement of NO and NO2 is therefore crucial for air quality monitoring and understanding atmospheric composition. The most commonly used approach for the measurement of NO is the chemiluminescent detection of electronically excited NO2 (NO2∗) formed from the NO + O3 reaction within the NOx analyser. Alkenes, ubiquitous in the atmosphere from biogenic and anthropogenic sources, also react with ozone to produce chemiluminescence and thus may contribute to the measured NOx signal. Their ozonolysis reaction may also be sufficiently rapid that their abundance in conventional instrument background cycles, which also utilises the reaction with ozone, differs from that in the measurement cycle such that the background subtraction is incomplete, and an interference effect results. This interference has been noted previously, and indeed, the effect has been used to measure both alkenes and ozone in the atmosphere. Here we report the results of a systematic investigation of the response of a selection of commercial NOx monitors to a series of alkenes. These NOx monitors range from systems used for routine air quality monitoring to atmospheric research instrumentation. The species-investigated range was from short-chain alkenes, such as ethene, to the biogenic monoterpenes. Experiments were performed in the European PHOtoREactor (EUPHORE) to ensure common calibration and samples for the monitors and to unequivocally
confirm the alkene levels present (via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – FTIR). The instrument interference responses ranged from negligible levels up to 11 %, depending upon the alkene present and conditions used (e.g. the presence of co-reactants and differing
humidity). Such interferences may be of substantial importance for the
interpretation of ambient NOx data, particularly for high VOC,
low NOx environments such as forests or indoor environments where
alkene abundance from personal care and cleaning products may be
significant.
Evaluation of the New NDACC Ozone and Temperature Lidar at
Hohenpeißenberg and Comparison of Results with Previous
NDACC Campaigns
Authors: Wing Robin , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , McGee Thomas J. , Sullivan John T. , Khaykin Sergey , Sumnicht Grant , Twigg Larry
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A newly upgraded German Weather Service (DWD) ozone and temperature lidar (HOH) located at the Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory (47.8° N, 11.0° E) has been evaluated through comparison with the travelling standard lidar operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA STROZ), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), meteorological radiosondes launched from München (65 km north-east), and locally launched ozonesondes. The blind evaluation was conducted under the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) using 10 clear nights of measurements in 2018 and 2019. This campaign was conducted within the larger context of NDACC validation activities for European lidar stations. The previous 2017–2018 validation campaign took place at the French Observatoire de Haute Provence and and showed a high degree of fidelity between participating instruments. The results are reported in the companion article (Wing et al., 2020). There was good agreement between all ozone lidar measurements in the range of 15 to 41 km with relative differences between co-located ozone profiles of less than ±10 %. Differences in the measured ozone numbers densities between the lidars and the locally launched ozone sondes were also generally less than 5 % below 30 km. The satellite ozone profiles demonstrated some differences with respect to the ground based lidars which are due to sampling differences and geophysical variation. Temperatures differences for all instruments were less than ±5 K below 60 km, with larger differences present in the lidar-satellite comparisons above this region. Temperature differences between the lidars met the NDACC accuracy requirements of ±1 K between 17 and 78 km. The NASA lidar exhibited slightly colder temperatures, between 5 and 10 K, than the other instruments below 20 km and slightly warmer temperatures, 5 to 10 K, above 70 km. These differences are likely due to algorithm initialisation choices and photon count saturation corrections.
Technical note: Single-shell δ11B analysis of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi using femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICPMS and secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Raitzsch Markus , Rollion-Bard Claire , Horn Ingo , Steinhoefel Grit , Benthien Albert , Richter Klaus-Uwe , Buisson Matthieu , Louvat Pascale , Bijma Jelle
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of benthic foraminifera provides a valuable
tool to reconstruct past deep-water pH. As the abundance of monospecific species might be limited
in sediments, microanalytical techniques can help to overcome this problem, but such studies on
benthic foraminiferal δ11B are sparse. In addition, microanalytics provide
information on the distribution of δ11B at high spatial resolution to increase
the knowledge of biomineralization processes, for example. For this study, we investigated the intra- and
inter-shell δ11B variability of the epibenthic species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, which is widely used in paleoceanography, by secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS) and femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(LA-MC-ICPMS). While the average δ11B values obtained from these different
techniques agree remarkably well with bulk solution values to within ±0.1 ‰, a
relatively large intra-shell variability was observed. Based on multiple measurements within
single shells, the SIMS and LA data suggest median variations of 4.8 ‰ and 1.3 ‰
(2σ), respectively, while the larger spread for SIMS is attributed to the smaller volume of
calcite being analyzed in each run. When analytical uncertainties and volume-dependent differences
in δ11B variations are taken into account for these methods, the intra-shell
variability is estimated to be on the order of ∼3 ‰ and ∼0.4 ‰
(2σ) on a ∼20 and 100 µm scale, respectively. In comparison, the
δ11B variability between shells exhibits a total range of ∼3 ‰ for
both techniques, suggesting that several shells need to be analyzed for accurate mean
δ11B values. Based on a simple resampling method, we conclude that ∼12
shells of C. wuellerstorfi must be analyzed using LA-MC-ICPMS to obtain an accurate
average value within ±0.5 ‰ (2σ) to resolve pH variations of ∼0.1. Based on our findings, we suggest preferring the conventional bulk solution MC-ICPMS over the
in situ methods for paleo-pH studies, for example. However, SIMS and LA provide powerful tools for
high-resolution paleoreconstructions, or for investigating ontogenetic trends in
δ11B.
Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin
Authors: Iddris Najeeb Al-Amin , Corre Marife D. , Yemefack Martin , van Straaten Oliver , Veldkamp Edzo
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Although tree stems act as conduits for greenhouse gases (GHGs)
produced in the soil, the magnitudes of tree contributions to total (soil + stem) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from tropical rainforests on
heavily weathered soils remain unknown. Moreover, soil GHG fluxes are
largely understudied in African rainforests, and the effects of land-use
change on these gases are identified as an important research gap in the
global GHG budget. In this study, we quantified the changes in stem and soil
N2O fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry. Stem and soil
N2O fluxes were measured monthly for a year (2017–2018) in four
replicate plots per land use at three sites across central and southern
Cameroon. Tree stems consistently emitted N2O throughout the
measurement period and were positively correlated with soil N2O
fluxes. 15N-isotope tracing from soil mineral N to stem-emitted
15N2O and correlations between temporal patterns of stem
N2O emissions, soil–air N2O concentration, soil N2O
emissions and vapour pressure deficit suggest that N2O emitted by the
stems originated predominantly from N2O produced in the soil. Forest
conversion to extensively managed, mature (>20 years old) cacao
agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. The annual
total N2O emissions were 1.55 ± 0.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1
from the forest and 1.15 ± 0.10 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from cacao
agroforestry, with tree N2O emissions contributing 11 % to 38 % for
forests and 8 % to 15 % for cacao agroforestry. These substantial
contributions of tree stems to total N2O emissions highlight the
importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in ecosystem GHG budgets.
Taking into account that our study sites' biophysical characteristics
represented two-thirds of the humid rainforests in the Congo Basin, we
estimated a total N2O source strength for this region of 0.18 ± 0.05 Tg N2O-N yr−1.
A statistical approach to the phasing of atmospheric reorganization
and sea ice retreat at the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger events under
rigorous treatment of uncertainties
Authors: Riechers Keno , Boers Niklas
Published: November 2020

Abstract. For previous glacial intervals, concomitant shifts in different proxy records from Greenland ice cores indicate repeated abrupt climate transitions comprising – among others – abrupt warming, a sudden reorganization of the atmospheric circulation, and a retreat of perannial sea ice. The physical mechanism underlying these so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events remains debated. Former studies have made an effort to deduce the progression of temperature, circulation, and sea-ice changes at the onset of DO events from paleoclimate proxy records to constrain potential triggering mechanisms. In this context, recent research reports on systematically delayed transitions in Na+ concentrations and δ18O values compared to Ca2+ concentrations and the annual layer thickness by about one decade. This is interpreted as a temporal lag of sea ice retreat and Greenland warming with respect to atmospheric reorganization at the onset of DO-events. Here, we present a comprehensive statistical analysis of the relative phasing of DO transitions in Ca2+ and Na+ concentration records from the NGRIP ice core for the period 60–10 kyr BP. Regarding the time lags identified in this period as a sample generated from an unknown population, we derive probability density functions for the sample and population mean and test the null-hypothesis of a simultaneous transition. Special attention was paid to the uncertainties inherent to the transition onset detection in noisy data. Their rigorous propagation changes the test results from significant to non-significant and therefore a purely stochastic origin of the observed tendency for Ca2+ to lead the transition cannot be ruled out. In fact, we show that the data is very likely to comprise both: DO events that were led by a Ca2+ transition, as well as events led by a Na+ transition. Together, these findings clearly contradict a systematic lead or lag between the DO transitions in the two proxies, and the apparent Ca2+ lead should therefore not be interpreted as indication of a causal relationship. Under the assumption that all DO events followed the same physical mechanism and that the proxy interpretation holds true, the we conclude that at DO transition onsets, neither was the atmospheric reorganization caused by sea ice retreat, nor was the sea ice retreat triggered by atmospheric reorganization.
Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Bastos Ana , Maignan Fabienne , Goll Daniel , Boucher Olivier , Li Laurent , Cescatti Alessandro , Vuichard Nicolas , Chen Xiuzhi , Ammann Christof , Arain M. Altaf , Black T. Andrew , Chojnicki Bogdan , Kato Tomomichi , Mammarella Ivan , Montagnani Leonardo , Roupsard Olivier , Sanz Maria J. , Siebicke Lukas , Urbaniak Marek , Vaccari Francesco Primo , Wohlfahrt Georg , Woodgate Will , Ciais Philippe
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuse light have
important impacts on the global land carbon cycle, as they alter light
distribution and photosynthesis in vegetation canopies. However, this effect
remains poorly represented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here,
we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy light transmission
module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surface model (trunk version, v5453) and use the
revised model, ORCHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of
diffuse light and its effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a
multilayer canopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using flux
observations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe. Our results show
that, compared with the original model, ORCHIDEE_DF improves the
GPP simulation under sunny conditions and captures the observed higher
photosynthesis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types
(PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP under cloudy
conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainly driven by increased
diffuse light in the morning and in the afternoon as well as by a decreased vapor
pressure deficit (VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The observations show that the
strongest positive effects of diffuse light on photosynthesis are found in
the range from 5 to 20 ∘C and at a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to
decrease when the VPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of the abovementioned range, which is
likely due to the increasing stomatal resistance to leaf CO2 uptake.
ORCHIDEE_DF underestimates the diffuse light effect at low
temperature in all PFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature
and at a high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model has the potential to
better investigate the impact of large-scale aerosol changes and long-term
changes in cloudiness on the terrestrial carbon budget, both in the
historical period and in the context of future air quality policies and/or
climate engineering.
Multi-grid algorithm for passive tracer transport in the NEMO ocean circulation model: a case study with the NEMO OGCM (version 3.6)
Authors: Bricaud Clément , Le Sommer Julien , Madec Gurvan , Calone Christophe , Deshayes Julie , Ethe Christian , Chanut Jérôme , Levy Marina
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ocean biogeochemical models are key tools for both scientific and
operational applications. Nevertheless the cost of these models is often
expensive because of the large number of biogeochemical tracers. This
has motivated the development of multi-grid approaches where ocean
dynamics and tracer transport are computed on grids of different spatial
resolution. However, existing multi-grid approaches to tracer transport
in ocean modelling do not allow the computation of ocean dynamics and tracer
transport simultaneously. This paper describes a new multi-grid approach
developed for accelerating the computation of passive tracer transport
in the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean circulation model. In practice, passive tracer transport
is computed at runtime on a grid with coarser spatial resolution than the
hydrodynamics, which reduces the CPU cost of computing the evolution of tracers.
We describe the multi-grid algorithm, its practical implementation in the NEMO ocean model, and
discuss its performance on the basis of a series of sensitivity
experiments with global ocean model configurations.
Our experiments confirm that the spatial resolution of hydrodynamical fields can be
coarsened by a factor of 3 in both horizontal directions without significantly affecting the resolved
passive tracer fields. Overall, the proposed algorithm yields a reduction
by a factor of 7 of the overhead associated with running a full biogeochemical
model like PISCES (with 24 passive tracers).
Propositions for further reducing this cost without affecting the
resolved solution are discussed.
Assimilating shallow soil moisture observations into land models with a water budget constraint
Authors: Dan Bo , Zheng Xiaogu , Wu Guocan , Li Tao
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Assimilating observations of shallow soil moisture content into land models
is an important step in estimating soil moisture content. In this study,
several modifications of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) are proposed for
improving this assimilation. It was found that a forecast error
inflation-based approach improves the soil moisture content in shallow
layers, but it can increase the analysis error in deep layers. To mitigate
the problem in deep layers while maintaining the improvement in shallow
layers, a vertical localization-based approach was introduced in this study.
During the data assimilation process, although updating the forecast state
using observations can reduce the analysis error, the water balance based on
the physics in the model could be destroyed. To alleviate the imbalance in
the water budget, a weak water balance constrain filter is adopted. The proposed weakly constrained EnKF that includes forecast error inflation
and vertical localization was applied to a synthetic experiment. An
additional bias-aware assimilation for reducing the analysis bias is also
investigated. The results of the assimilation process suggest that the
inflation approach effectively reduces the analysis error from 6.70 % to
2.00 % in shallow layers but increases from 6.38 % to 12.49 % in deep
layers. The vertical localization approach leads to 6.59 % of the analysis
error in deep layers, and the bias-aware assimilation scheme further reduces this
to 6.05 %. The spatial average of the water balance residual is 0.0487 mm
of weakly constrained EnKF scheme, and 0.0737 mm of a weakly constrained EnKF scheme
with inflation and localization, which are much smaller than the 0.1389 mm of the EnKF scheme.
Traceable measurements of harmonic (2 to 150) kHz emissions in smart grids: uncertainty calculation
Authors: Istrate Daniela , Amaripadath Deepak , Toutain Etienne , Roche Robin , Gao Fei
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The necessity of measuring harmonic emissions between 2 and 150 kHz is outlined by several standard committees and electrical utilities. This paper presents a measurement system and its traceable characterization designed to acquire and analyse voltages up to 230 V and currents up to 100 A with harmonics up to 150 kHz that may occur in smart grids. The uncertainty estimation is carried out and described in detail for both the fundamental and supraharmonics components. From a metrological point of view, ensuring the traceability of current measurements for frequencies higher than 100 kHz and dealing with the complexity of uncertainty determination are bottlenecks related to supraharmonics measurements that this paper proposes an approach to deal with.
Uncertainty quantification of tsunami inundation in Kuroshio, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, using the Nankai–Tonankai megathrust rupture scenarios
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro , Yasuda Tomohiro , Mori Nobuhito , Muhammad Ario , De Risi Raffaele , De Luca Flavia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Nankai–Tonankai megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis pose significant risks to coastal communities in western and central Japan. Historically, this seismic region hosted many major earthquakes, and the current national tsunami hazard assessments in Japan consider megathrust events as those having moment magnitudes between 9.0 and 9.1. In responding to the lack of rigorous uncertainty analysis, this study presents an extensive tsunami hazard assessment for the Nankai–Tonankai Trough events, focusing on the southwestern Pacific region of Japan. A set of 1000 kinematic earthquake rupture models is generated via stochastic source modelling approaches, and Monte Carlo tsunami simulations are carried out by considering high-resolution grid data of 10 m and coastal defence structures. Significant advantages of the stochastic tsunami simulation methods include the enhanced capabilities to quantify the uncertainty associated with tsunami hazard assessments and to effectively visualize the results in an integrated manner. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations can inform regional and local tsunami risk reduction actions in light of inevitable uncertainty associated with such tsunami hazard assessments and complement conventional deterministic tsunami scenarios and their hazard predictions, such as those developed by the Central Disaster Management Council of the Japanese Cabinet Office.
Escala
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: November 2020

Este artigo busca examinar, no âmbito de interação entre a História e a Geografia e as diversas ciências humanas como campos de saber, as implicações do conceito de escala. O artigo encaminha-se para mostrar como uma das modalidades mais importantes da historiografia nos últimos tempos – a Micro-História – baseia-se essencialmente neste conceito; mas como, ao mesmo tempo, tem ocorrido um pequeno erro na definição da Micro-História como uma modalidade que “reduz a escala de observação”, quando na verdade o que ocorre é que a Micro-História amplia a “escala de observação” em sua análise do objeto delimitado ou do espaço micro-historiográfico
DE TOPÔNIMOS A NOMES DE PANOS NO PORTUGUÊS CONTRIBUTOS À HISTÓRIA DO LÉXICO TÊXTIL
Authors: BERNARDO Jozimar Luciovanio , REZENDE Rayne Mesquita de
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, selecionamos seis denominações têxteis procedentes de topônimos, inventariadas do corpus do “Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil - Séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII”, no intento de investigar se tais unidades lexicais indicam, necessariamente, a origem dos tecidos que nomeiam ou se há outros fatos/motivações envolvidos nos processos denominativos. Retomamos os significados de cada palavra a partir de dicionários da língua portuguesa, antigos e atuais, e valemo-nos, também, de dicionários de língua estrangeira, etimológicos, glossários, monografias etc. para guarnecer e fundamentar as análises. Percebemos que as denominações não se limitam a indicar propriamente o local de origem do fabrico dos tecidos, pois podem sinalizar o local de difusão. A importância referencial que topônimos adquiriram por meio de um produto, por exemplo, torna-os propensos a serem emprestados para denominá-lo, de modo que atrelados aos nomes há o contexto, o valor e a notoriedade do produto.
O LÉXICO DA MAGIA NAS CANTIGAS MEDIEVAIS DE AGOIROS, ASTROLOGIA E SUPERSTIÇÕES
Authors: Marques Ferreira Barbosa MAGALHÃES Rafael , Marcío Drumond Alves MARENGO Sandro
Published: November 2020

Este artigo investiga o léxico pertinente ao campo associativo da magia nas cantigas medievais galego-portuguesas. Filiados a uma perspectiva filológica, acessamos a episteme da cultura galego-portuguesa por meio do seu repertório lexical. O corpus foi constituído pelas edições de algumas cantigas medievais galego-portuguesas. Analisamos as cantigas identificadas pelos subtemas Agoiros / astrologia / superstições, a partir dos quais foi possível levantar o léxico que nomina ou atualiza uma série de elementos que dizem respeito ao universo da magia. Foi construído, também, um índice em ordem alfabética, constante de todas as ocorrências identificadas no corpus. A partir desse trabalho, chegamos a alguns direcionamentos no entendimento da construção do conceito de magia na Idade Média. Concluímos que havia uma tendência a demonizar a mulher e que ainda não havia a implicação de magia como sinônimo de mau, mas uma forte tendência a associar o que é mágico ao fracasso e à decadência.
QUE FOI FALECIDO E SEPULTADO: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE REGISTROS DE ÓBITO E SEPULTAMENTO GOIANOS DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Moreira de AMORIM Amanda , De PAULA Maria Helena
Published: November 2020

O território que hoje compõe o estado de Goiás está intimamente ligado à história da escravidão brasileira, responsável pela entrada de mão-de-obra africana escrava para o país, que vigorou por aproximadamente quatro séculos, fato registrado em diversos documentos manuscritos que fazem menção aos negros escravos e seus descendentes que viveram no local. Este trabalho possui como corpus registros de óbito e sepultamento exarados no século XIX em Goiás, oriundos de Santa Luzia (atual Luziânia), Cidade do Bonfim (atual Silvânia) e Nossa Senhora da Penha do Corumbá (atual Corumbá de Goiás), com vistas a discutir aspectos relacionados à morte de escravos e ex-escravos nesses manuscritos, sob o ponto de vista lexicultural, o que nos permite compreender aspectos linguísticos, históricos e culturais da sociedade brasileira escravista.
ESCRITA QUE (DES)MASCARA: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE ORTOGRAFIA PORTUGUESA OITOCENTISTA EM MANUSCRITOS GOIANOS
Authors: De Oliveira SILVA Maiune
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar dados e análise sobre a escrita em documentos eclesiásticos goianos, escritos no século XIX. Para tal, o material de nosso estudo é um códex manuscrito entre os anos de 1839 a 1842, com assentos de batismos de escravos e suas progênies, além de pessoas livres. Observamos, no estudo, caracteres ortográficos, como fronteiras de palavras que representam os vocábulos fonológicos e/ou morfológicos, a posição do sinal diacrítico ou a ausência dele favorecendo a formação de ditongos e monotongos ou os representando como ocorreriam na fala. Como referencial teórico, utilizaremos Higounet (2003); Megale et al. (2007), Fachin (2011), entre outros que versam acerca desta temática.
Do novo desenvolvimentismo ao ultraliberalismo: a crise do governo Dilma – a saída pela direita
Authors: Melo Wanderson Fabio  de
Published: November 2020

O trabalho discute o governo Dilma e a sua crise, enfatizando o papel dos empresários. Estuda-se as dimensões do ciclo das commodities, as políticas de conciliação de classe, as medidas favoráveis ao capital, a crise do governo com o setor empresarial e o fim do gestão Dilma Rousseff. As fontes são os posicionamentos dos dirigentes do PT e dos empresários. A metodologia é a análise histórica.
Mal-entendidos e tradução: uma experiência em sala de aula com o conceito de cultura
Authors: Pantoja Mariana Ciavatta
Published: November 2020

O texto a seguir pretende, a partir da prática etnográfica, chamar atenção para a produtividade dos mal-entendidos que tiveram lugar em sala de aula a respeito da ideia de cultura, durante a disciplina “Cultura” ministrada no Curso de Licenciatura Indígena da Universidade Federal do Acre. A partir de discordâncias em torno do problema da mudança cultural, tornou-se evidente a equivocação em torno da dinâmica da cultura e o texto atém-se a perspectiva defendida pelos discentes, cujas falas e escritos recorrem a noções como “resgate”, “revitalização” e “inovação”, entre outras. Argumenta-se que uma reflexão, mesmo teorização, sobre a cultura e sua dinâmica resultou da prática de tradução por eles intentada, e o texto procura evidenciá-la. Ao final, percepções preliminares sobre interações interculturais em processos de formação educacional são expostas.
Reflexões sobre a proximidade entre território e cidade e as tecnologias na manutenção da língua Akwe-Xerente
Authors: Borges Suety Líbia Alves , Pereira Xerente Adalto Pizumekwa , Simrihu Xerente Anderson , Darêrkêkwa Xerente Edimar , Wakuke Xerente Elivaldo , Olegário Xerente Genivaldo Cristino Romkre , Pereira Xerente Geovane Simnãkrã , Brito Xerente Ângela Neprerê de , Pereira Xerente Gilmar Smisuite , Brito Xerente Jacira Sekwahidi de , Srãpte Xerente Lenivaldo , Srêwasa Xerente Luis Fernando , Silva Mário André Hêsukamekwa Coelho da , Srêpawe Xerente Nelson , Dakawazrêkwa Xerente Noel , Dakukre Xerente Rafael , Sõzê Xerente Romerito , Valdirei Sernãwe Calixto Xerente  , Vanderley Sakruikawe Xerente  , Silva Xerente Wesley Kupsinã , Waikaizapari de Carvalho Manoel Moreno
Published: November 2020

Este estudo traz os resultados de pesquisa realizada na aldeia Funil – em um dos Territórios do povo Akwe-Xerente –, localizada a 12 quilômetros de Tocantínia, estado do Tocantins. A hipótese inicial da pesquisa que, por sua vez, povoa o imaginário coletivo da população Akwe-Xerente, era a de que a língua está ameaçada em razão da proximidade com a cidade e do uso intensivo de novas tecnologias. No entanto, a hipótese não se confirmou. Os/as estudantes puderam concluir que um maior contato com a cidade e com as novas tecnologias trazidas pelas relações com os/as ktâwanõ não são, necessariamente, uma ameaça à vitalidade da língua Akwe.
Reflexos no Abebé de Oxum: por uma narrativa mítica insubmissa e uma pedagogia transgressora
Authors: Dias Luciana de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, foi aberta uma comunicação com o mito de Oxum, Orixá de energia feminina do candomblé afro-brasileiro que permitiu discussões sobre os múltiplos processos de articulação e construção de saberes não hegemônicos. A mitologia dos Orixás, com todo o conjunto de signos, significados e simbologias que são subjetivamente construídos, contém uma linguagem e uma performance que contribuem para a consolidação de aspectos culturais responsáveis pela constituição de filiações e pertencimentos, gerando um ethos particular extremamente complexo. Neste manuscrito, por meio de uma descrição de uma narrativa mítica de Oxum, é revelada uma epistemologia subalternizada que padece contemporaneamente com cruéis processos de epistemicídios e ontoepistemicídios, mas que segue sendo insurgente, transgressora e insubmissa.
Qualidade de vida e lesão medular traumática: um estudo com uso de data sets internacionais
Authors: Faleiros Fabiana , Silva Josana Cristina Faleiros e , Cordeiro Adriana , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Fumincelli Laís , Tate Denise
Published: November 2020

Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas com lesão medular traumática (LMT) e sua associação com o tempo de LMT. Estudo quantitativo, analítico e transversal. Os dados foram coletados com dois instrumentos validados (questionário biosociodemográfico e Data Set de QV da International Spinal Cord Society). Amostra com 81 participantes, 81,5% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 36±11,9 anos. A satisfação com a saúde psicológica apresentou maior escore (7,2), apesar disso, 86,4% estavam insatisfeitos ou completamente insatisfeitos com a QV geral. Não houve diferença quando comparado o nível da LMT com satisfação com a vida como um todo (p=0,237). A QV geral foi associada ao tempo de LMT (p=0,005), sugerindo que após cinco anos da LMT, as pessoas tendem a ficar mais satisfeitas com suas vidas. Este estudo mostrou que a maioria dos participantes com LMT apresentam-se insatisfeitos com a qualidade de vida.
“Primavera brasileira”: antecipação do fim de um ciclo
Authors: Ferreira-Filho Helder Lara , Fraga Jefferson
Published: November 2020

O trabalho contribui com o debate sobre a crise vivenciada pela economia brasileira desde meados de 2014 ao investigar sua relação com a “Primavera Brasileira” e demonstrar questões estruturais que poderiam fazer o crescimento da economia brasileira desacelerar a qualquer momento. Argumenta-se que a “Primavera Brasileira” antecipou essa desaceleração. O pessimismo gerado na população e nos agentes privados contribuiu para o ciclo de baixa à la Minsky, desestimulando as decisões de investir. O Teste de Quebra Estrutural conduzido dá suporte a essa hipótese. Por fim, defende-se a necessidade de um espaço fiscal para alguma expansão dos investimentos públicos.
POTENCIAL EROSIVO DAS CHUVAS NOS ESTADOS DO MARANHÃO E PARÁ VIA ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DA EROSIVIDADE
Authors: Martins Wanleysson Larry Dias , Blanco Claudio José Cavalcante , Queiroz de Melo Adayana Maria
Published: November 2020

Modelos como a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE) são utilizados para estimativas de perda de solo. Na análise da USLE, o fator R de erosividade da chuva é de importante determinação, pois é o mais é afetado pela variabilidade climática. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é determinar a distribuição espacial da erosividade e o potencial erosivo das chuvas com base em dados de 98 e 136 estações pluviométricas distribuídas, respectivamente, no Maranhão e no Pará, no período entre os anos 2000 e 2010. O Índice de Fournier Modificado foi utilizado para determinação da erosividade das chuvas. O software Quantum Gis versão 2.18.3 foi utilizado para interpolar os dados em áreas sem registros e confeccionar os mapas de isoerosividade. A classificação e a distribuição da erosividade das chuvas revelou que 76% da região possui erosividade muito forte. Fato que pode ser explicado pelo alto índice pluviométrico da região. Assim, o estudo desenvolvido pode ser um instrumento importante de informação para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de prevenção de erosão nos estados do Pará e Maranhão. Principalmente, ao proporcionar estimativas de erosividade através de uma reta, que é função da precipitação média anual, dado de mais fácil obtenção.
VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DAS UNIDADES DE PAISAGEM DO MUNICÍPIO DE MILTON BRANDÃO, PIAUÍ, BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Soares Jefferson Paulo , De Lima Claudia Valeria , Dos Santos Francílio de Amorim , Aquino Claudia Maria Sabóia de
Published: November 2020

A vulnerabilidade natural evidencia a pré-disposição do ambiente considerando aspectos como: geologia, geomorfologia, climatologia, solos e a vegetação. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram compartimentar a paisagem em unidades de paisagens e definir os níveis de vulnerabilidade ambiental dessas unidades, a partir do cruzamento dos dados levantados da área a respeito da geologia, geomorfologia, uso e cobertura da terra e pedologia. Quanto aos resultados foi possível identificar as seguintes unidades paisagísticas: Serras do Retiro, Vales Centrais, Sertão de Dentro, Chapada do Marfim, Vale do Rio Capivara e Vale do Rio Corrente. Considerando as distintas características das unidades constatou-se que grande parte do município apresentou muito baixa a baixa vulnerabilidade ambiental, algo em torno de 44% da sua área total. Ao passo que 30,4% da área do município apresenta nível de vulnerabilidade média, enquanto em 25,5% a vulnerabilidade varia de alta a muito alta. Constatou-se que as áreas de maior vulnerabilidade foram identificadas nas unidades de paisagem Sertão de Dentro, Serra do Retiro e Vale do Rio Capivara, que apresentaram os maiores índices de declividade, associado a presença de solos expostos, com afloramento de rocha ou as áreas de solos Litólicos e com a presença de uma vegetação esparsa geralmente pertencente ao bioma Caatinga ou ao complexo vegetacional carrasco.
DIREITO À SAÚDE E SUA BASE POLÍTICO-FILOSÓFICA: UMA DECISÃO COLETIVA FUNDAMENTAL À LUZ DO UTILITARISMO E DO CONTRATUALISMO RAWLSIANO
Authors: Leal Rogério Gesta , Zoponi Vinícius Secco
Published: November 2020

O direito fundamental à saúde revela um embate político-filosófico: a decisão coletiva acerca da obrigação da sociedade e, portanto, do Estado, de propiciar a seus membros o acesso às respectivas prestações materiais. Para se atingir o significado dessa decisão, vale-se do artifício argumentativo de John Rawls, estruturado no binômio posição original e véu da ignorância, que depura o processo decisório relativo a aspectos sociais estruturantes. Nesse palco teórico, tal decisão coletiva é apresentada: garantir ou não aos membros da comunidade o acesso a prestações de saúde em todo e qualquer caso, ainda que em vista de condições particulares, não vivenciadas pela maioria. Para o ideário contratualista de Rawls, enunciado por seus princípios da justiça (princípio do maximin), examina-se essa decisão pela ótica da parte mais prejudicada pelo arranjo resultante. Tal abordagem levará ao compromisso irrestrito de atender aos reclamos individuais, já que, nas condições dadas, não é possível identificar quem reclamará cuidados particularizados. Contudo, a abordagem utilitarista aponta vícios de racionalidade nessa proposta, a amparar a conclusão de que tal arranjo não seria escolhido na posição original: de um lado, a escassez moderada de recursos sinaliza a impossibilidade de se honrar tal compromisso; de outro lado, confere-se um peso excessivo a cenários de baixa probabilidade, os quais, na posição original, não orientariam a decisão. Pelas conclusões desse embate, atinge-se um referencial político-filosófico a orientar a decisão objeto de reflexão: a inviabilidade racional de se perfilhar qualquer modelo assentado no compromisso coletivo de garantir tudo a todos em matéria de saúde.