bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Baccalaureate Nursing Schools' Guildelines/Policies on AIDS
Authors: Bowles Cheryl L , Carwein Vicky L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A descriptive survey of 242 National League for Nursing (NLN)-accredited schools was conducted to identify guidelines and methods used to deal with both student assignment to AIDS clients and students who are HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) antibody positive or diagnosed as having AIDS.

Results indicated that 96% of the nursing schools have no guidelines for dealing with infected students, 76% have no guidelines for dealing with student assignments to AIDS clients; and 49% have no plans to develop guidelines. Thirteen percent felt HIV antibody testing should be required of all nursing students. While 66% responded that another assignment would be made if a student refused to care for an AIDS client, 45% added other comments, primarily that they would employ student conferences and further AIDS education as well. In dealing with HIV antibody positive students who are not ill, 84% felt students should remain in theory classes and 64% said they should remain in clinical. When asked about students diagnosed as having AIDS, 79% would allow theory attendance, and 31% would allow clinical attendance. Regarding who should be notified, 67% indicated the student health center, 41% said only nursing faculty in direct contact with the student, and 61% said the nursing school administration.

Results demonstrated few schools of nursing have existing guidelines, many have no plans to develop them, and uncertainty abounds in the resolution of these issues.
A Comprehensive Approach to Faculty Evaluation
Authors: Boland Donna L , Sims Sharon L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this undertaking was to design a comprehensive faculty evaluation instrument that would reflect the complexities of the faculty role. An 80-item instrument was designed from a review of the literature, content analyses on job descriptions, existing evaluation tools. Items were modified on the basis of critical review by educators with expertise and experience in evaluation measurement and faculty role expectations. Instrument design incorporates the need for explicit criteria; flexibility in establishing performance standards and expectations; involvement of students, peers, administrators and self in the evaluation process; and greater consistency of judgments. When used in conjunction with a computerized data management package, this instrument provides a variety of information needed to make well-informed decisions regarding faculty development, promotion, retention and tenure of faculty members, and optimum utilization of faculty talents. Each school's faculty establishes standards of performance expectations according to its values, capitalizing on the unique nature of the proposed evaluation instrument.
The Use of Progressive Indicators as Predictors of NCLEX-RN Success and Performance of BSN Graduates
Authors: Horns Phyllis N , O'Sullivan Patricia , Goodman Rosalind
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Successful performance during the student's academic career contributes to his success on the NCLEIX-RN. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of success on the NCLEX preadmission and years 2, 3, and 4 variables in relation to NCLEX-RN scores. Data were obtained retrospectively from records of 408 baccalaureate nursing students. Preadmission variables were sex, age, race, and admission grade point average (GPA). Year 2 variables were numerical grades for the first two clinical nursing courses. Year 3 variables were numerical grades for clinical courses in mental health, adult health, and maternal child nursing. Year 4 variables were numerical grades in two senior clinical courses, percentile rank on NLN comprehensive exam, and graduate GPA.

In NCLEX-RN scores, 67% of the variance was accounted for by admission GPA and race (33%), one 2nd year grade (an additional 14%), the 3rd year adult health grade (an additional 11%), one 4th year theory grade, and the NLN comprehensive exam (an additional 9%).

These results suggest that there are preadmission and sophomore year predictors of NCLEX-RN success which could be used to design early interventions for students performing poorly and at risk of failing the NCLEX-RN.
Attitudes and Normative Beliefs of Nursing Students as Predictors of Intended Care Behaviors with AIDS Patients: A Test of the Ajzen-Fishbein Theory of Reasoned Action
Authors: Goldenberg Dolly , Laschinger Heather
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Few investigators have studied nurses' or nursing students' responses to caring for AIDS patients. The purpose of this exploratory study was to test the AjzenFishbein (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action in a student nurse population about AIDS patient care. This theory offers an approach to explaining individuals' intentions to engage in certain behaviors as determined by two components: attitudes toward the behavior and subjective norms. Forty-six second-year baccalaureate nursing students completed a questionnaire developed according to guidelines described by Ajzen and Fishbein (alpha reliability range was .69-.85) prior to and following an instructional unit on caring for AIDS patients. Consistent with the theory, students' attitudes and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of intentions to care for AIDS patients in their clinical experience (R
p 2
= .29, F[1, 43] = 6.63, p < .003). In addition, qualitative data resembled those in previous reports of fear of contagion among health professionals. The effects of the instructional unit about caring for AIDS patients resulted in significant changes in both attitudes and subjective norms.
Professional Resocialization of Post-RN Baccalaureate Students by Distance Education
Authors: Cragg Catherine E (Betty
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Distance education is being used to increase access to post-RN baccalaureate education. One of the objectives of degree programs is the professional resocialization of post-RN students. Because of the limited contacts with the institution, faculty, and student peers, the effectiveness of professional resocialization by distance education may be questioned. In this qualitative study, the responses of 24 students who had taken distance courses in Nursing Issues from four universities were analyzed for evidence of professional resocialization. Two of the universities used a group-oriented approach to distance education; two used an individual approach. Responses of students from the four schools and the two approaches were similar. All reported more awareness of issues in nursing and most reported attitude changes reflecting a more professional orientation. Among the changes were attitudes toward baccalaureate entry to practice, nursing theory and research, and the place of nurses and nursing in society. Despite the limitations of distance education, distance courses can be influential in the professional resocialization of post-RN students.
Academic Achievement Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Development and Test of a Causal Model
Authors: Chacko S B , Huba M E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article tested relationships among variables depicted in a causal learning model of academic achievement developed by the authors. The Learning and Study Skills (LASSI), Life Experience Survey (LES), and ASSET test were administered to 134 first-semester nursing students at a 2-year community college. The path analysis supported 11 of the 14 pathways tested. Language ability, reading ability, and self-efficacy were found to be direct effects on academic achievement. When self-efficacy was the criterion, students' language ability, math ability, motivation, and concentration and preparation for class were direct effects. Life stress, motivation, and self-monitoring/use of study strategies were found to be direct effects on students' concentration and preparation for class. In turn, when the ability to self-monitor and use study strategies was the criterion, motivation was the only direct effect. Overall, the model explained 46% of the variance in academic achievement.
College Students' Image of Nursing as a Career Choice
Authors: Mendez Diana , Louis Margaret
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article reports a study of the image of nursing among college students. It has been inferred that the poor image of nursing has a negative impact on recruitment into the profession. A convenience survey of two groups of college students was instituted to determine the image of nursing in relation to an ideal career, and to discover if any factors make the choice of nursing as a career more likely. The responses of 163 nonnursing students were compared to those of 93 nursing students.

These findings indicate that the image of nursing as a career choice among nonnursing college students correlated with their ideal career at r = .4072. As expected, nursing students correlated nursing with their ideal career more positively (r = .5941) than the nonnursing students. Implications for nursing and suggestions for further study are included.
Performance of Psychomotor Skills: A Comparison of Two Teaching Strategies
Authors: Baldwin Dee , Hill Peggy , Hanson Glenda
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study compares two teaching strategies: textbook assignment and videotape with no faculty assistance, and textbook assignment and videotape with faculty assistance (demonstration of skills and supervised practice) to determine their effect on outcome performance (measurement of blood pressure) and on the student's perceived level of confidence. The intent of the study was to ascertain if the use of mediated instruction without faculty input would decrease faculty-student contact time without adversely affecting performance outcomes. Results of the study revealed that faculty contact is an important factor when students are learning to perform a basic psychomotor skill. It was concluded that mediated instruction is not appropriate as a complete substitute for faculty contact.
Journal Writing as a Mode of Thinking for RN-BSN Students: A Leveled Approach to Learning to Listen to Self and Others
Authors: Hodges Helen F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Returning to academe, RNe are conceptualized as adult learners, as gendered authors, and as developing students. For most RNe prior learning has evolved from the rational-technical model from which they have learned to look at the world from a distance, relying on empirical evidence and negating or denying personal knowledge. Carefully constructed assignments in journal writing based on educational and developmental theory can be an effective means to assist RN-BSN students in social, cognitive, and professional development. Journal writing in response to assigned readings and clinical experiences provides a safe environment for RNBSN students to explore critically the ideas of others, to look seriously at authorial intention and point of argument, and to articulate their own views of the world. Conceptually supported by student development and learning theories of Perry (1970) and Knowles (1984), and qualitative research with women's ways of knowing (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986), a leveled model of journal writing for RN-BSN students is described as a vehicle for the development of writing and thinking critically.
Connecting the Research and Nursing Processes: Making a Difference in Baccalaureate Students' Attitudes and Abilities
Authors: Morse Winifred , Oleson Marjorie , Duffy Linda , Patek Ann , Sohr Gayle
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Student nurses are often intimidated by the research process. They also frequently have negative attitudes about working with the elderly, especially in long-term care settings. This article describes a clinical project designed to help students improve their attitudes, knowledge, and skills toward research and care of the elderly by connecting the research process and the nursing process. Students implement research-based clinical practice in a long-term care setting. Student evaluations indicate that project goals are achieved. Nursing staff evaluation data indicate that they find student projects interesting and useful in updating resident care plans.
In Search of Meaning: Identifying Competencies Relevant to Evaluation of the Community Health Nurse Generalist
Authors: Kaiser Katherine Laux , Rudolph Elizabeth J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to identify the competencies that faculty look for in evaluating the performance of baccalaureate community health nursing students. The approach to the research was qualitative and utilized an inductive analysis methodology. Eight faculty members provided data on how they judged the clinical performance of 92 students in a semester-long com muni - ty health nursing course. Thirty-five competencies emerged from the data which were grouped into two domains of performance evaluation: socialization to the community health nurse role and community health nurse clinical practice.
Drinking Problems of Nursing Students
Authors: Marion Lucy N , Fuller Sara G , Johnson N Peter , Michels Philip J , Diniz Carlos
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A sample of 315 nursing students in yearly cohorts (1988-1992) completed the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). A simple and quick instrument with established reliability and validity, the MAST had a reliability coefficient of .78 with this sample. The MAST scores of the nursing students indicated that 21.5% had probable alcoholism or were alcoholic. Drinking problems among these nursing students were similar to those of other nursing students and college students in general. Implications for nurse educators include recognition that nursing students need continuing self-assessment and monitoring to avoid drinking problems as a student and future practitioner. Alcoholism self-screening is an excellent introduction to client assessment for drinking problems. Implications for future research include identifying correlates and determinants of problem drinking behaviors and ultimately developing and testing educational interventions to eliminate the problem.
Faculty Commitment: Retaining Minority Nursing Students in Majority Institutions
Authors: Campbell Arthur Ree , Davis Sandra M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Minority students are at risk in majority institutions. Students face personal, academic, and institutional barriers to their success. Low retention and graduation rates at majority institutions, and particularly in nursing programs, are cause for alarm and compel nursing faculty to take action in order to reverse the trend of under-representation of minorities in the ranks of the profession. Based on the literature and personal experiences, the authors maintain that commitment of both minority and majority faculty is the primary factor in promoting minority student success. Such commitment can lead to increased involvement of faculty in the success of minority students and to the establishment of organized programs and services that facilitate minority student success. Case illustrations are included.
Affirming Cultural Diversity: A Pathways Model for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Rew Lynn
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article presents a model for affirming the diversity of backgrounds, learning styles, and career aspirations for students in baccalaureate and graduate nursing education. The theoretical model, known as Pathways, is developed with a travel analogy and begins by acknowledging the diversity of educational preparation and socialization experienced by students from various cultural, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. Learning styles and needs of these students are addressed through assessment and interventions that are individualized and serve as maps and guides through the professional learning sequence and into future professional careers. The model is useful for planning and evaluating expanded services for a broad spectrum of students. The focus of this article is on the preparation of faculty as mentors for students with disadvantaged backgrounds.
Baccalaureate Student Gerontological Nursing Experiences: Raising Consciousness Levels and Affecting Attitudes
Authors: Fox Sherry D , Wold Jean E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate perceived learning and attitude changes of nursing students (n=144) toward care of the elderly population as a result of a senior capstone course in gerontological nursing. Theory content emphasized maximizing individual capabilities of the elderly and quality of Life. Clinical placements occurred in a variety of community and institutional settings, with a wide spectrum of elderly. Student attitudes were assessed using researcher-designed tools for quantitative and qualitative outcome measurements. Significant improvements in student attitudes were found (p<.001). Community-based settings provided significantly more positive experiences (p<.05) compared with institutional care. Qualitative findings revealed students gained positive awareness plus growth in professional abilities. We conclude that a senior capstone course with multi-site, independent, innovative projects can produce positive attitudes and heightened consciousness regarding gerontological nursing. Other nurse educators can benefit from these findings.
An Action Research Study into the Development of Nurses as Reflective Practitioners
Authors: Wong Frances K Y , Loke Alice Yuen , Wong Marian , Tse Harrison , Kan Eva , Kember David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study adopted an action research approach in addressing the question: How could nurses be prepared to be reflective practitioners? The study took place among a group of registered nurses who enrolled in the first year of their degree studies at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The methods of data collection included observation, interview, students' written material, and teacher reflection. The experience of this study suggested that teachers and students should be partners in the promotion of reflective learning among students. As teachers reflected on their teaching arrangement and the progress of student learning, students could accordingly be offered appropriate guidance. Throughout the span of their studies, students learned to gradually develop different perspectives in viewing professional nursing practice. The reconceptualization of nursing practice helped students challenge taken-for-granted views and eventually reconstruct their conception of nursing.
The Visually Evoked Occipitogram in Strabismic Amblyopia Under Direct-view Ophthalmoscopy*
Authors: Shipley T
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Bangerter pleoptophore was redesigned to permit the recording of the visually evoked occipitogram in amblyopic subjects under direct-view ophthalmoscopy. Several normal subjects and several functional amblyopes were, thus, examined, with strict control of the light environment of both eyes. It was found, in severe amblyopes (20/200 or worse), that the amplitude of the VEOG was generally reduced, in comparison to that taken from similar regions in the normal control eye. Most interesting, however, was the decrease in amplitude found via the normal eye when the amblyopic eye was steadily illuminated with diffuse light. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the problem of the nature of amblyopia.
Binocular Polaroid Test for Vision Screening of Pre-School Age Children
Authors: Nuzzi Giuseppe , Leardi Ezia , Bonacini Mirca
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report the results obtained with the Binocular Polaroid Test in a large population screening devised to detect vision disturbances in pre-school age children. The Binocular Polaroid Test is a new test for rapid detection of small unilateral scotoma in the binocular visual field.

The test was performed on 1566 children age 3 to 6 years in a field examination. The reliability of the test was controlled in a study examination.

A complete study examination was performed in 60 of the 96 subjects with a positive response to the test. One hundred subjects selected at random among those with a negative response were used as controls. The study examination disclosed vision disturbances in 41 of the 60 children with a positive response to the Binocular Polaroid Test. The remaining 19 results were normal. No vision disturbances were detected in the control group.

The predictive value and the "phi" coefficient were calculated. The results indicate that the Binocular Polaroid Test appears very suitable for vision screening in pre-school age children for whom an early diagnosis is of paramount importance for treatment and prognosis of a vision alteration.
Superimposition of a Cartoon Program as an Aid in Recording Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials in Children
Authors: Shors Tracey J , Eriksen K Jeffrey , Wright Kenneth W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Superimposition of a television program onto the black and white checkerboard stimulus used in performing the pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) has been found useful in testing adults and children. This study tested normal-vision children under two conditions: with the cartoon superimposition and with the standard black and white checkerboard. P100 amplitudes were decreased slightly with the superimposition, but the variability was not significantly different. Waveforms and latencies were not altered by the addition of the cartoon. The use of cartoon superimposition therefore can be helpful in maintaining attention during P-VEP testing in children, as long as the diminished amplitude characteristic is taken into account.
Epibulbar Tumors in Children: A Survey of 282 Biopsies
Authors: Cunha Rosana P , Cunha Marcelo C , Shields Jerry A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The histopathology of 282 consecutive clinically diagnosed epibulbar tumors excised from children age 15 years and younger was reviewed at a major ophthalmic hospital over a 20-year period. The most common epibulbar tumors of childhood are nevi, choristomas, epithelial inclusion cysts, and papillomas. There was only one malignant tumor among the 282 orbital tumors of childhood.
Ocular Findings in the Velo-cardio-facial Syndrome
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M , Goldberg Rosalie B , Wang Frederick M , Shprintzen Robert J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome is a common genetic syndrome of cleft palate, learning disability, heart disease, and abnormal facial appearance. Ocular findings include retinal vascular tortuosity, posterior embryotoxon, narrow palpebral fissures, suborbital discoloration, small optic nerves, iris nodules, and cataracts. Retinal vascular tortuosity was found to be associated intrinsically with the syndrome and not secondary to the heart disease. The ocular and systemic findings suggest a primary developmental anomaly of neural crest derivatives in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
The Use of Two-Stage Molteno Implants in Developmental Glaucoma
Authors: Billson Frank , Thomas Ravi , Aylward William
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Developmental glaucoma, which cannot be controlled by conventional techniques, poses a difficult problem. Twenty-three eyes of 18 patients with developmental glaucoma underwent a two-stage implantation of the double template Molteno valve with follow-up between 12 and 84 months. The final pressure with medication was less than 21 mm Hg in 78% of the cases. These results were obtained in four out of four eyes with primary congenital glaucoma, six out of eight eyes with secondary congenital glaucoma, and eight of 11 eyes in which glaucoma followed surgery for congenital cataract. We feel that two-stage implantation of Molteno valves has a place in the management of difficult developmental glaucomas and is a reasonable early option when glaucoma occurs following surgery for congenital cataract.
One Versus Two Simultaneous Goniotomies as the Initial Surgical Procedure for Primary Infantile Glaucoma
Authors: Catalano Robert A , King Robert A , Calhoun Joseph H , Sargent Robert A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

To evaluate whether a more extensive Incision of the tissue adjacent to the anterior trabecular meshwork resulted in more effective control of intraocular pressure (IOP), seven infants with bilateral congenital glaucoma underwent a single goniotomy in one eye and two simultaneous goniotomies at separate sites in the second. Sodium hyaluronate (Healon8) was used in all eyes undergoing two simultaneous goniotomies and in three to seven eyes undergoing a single goniotomy. Success was not significantly different, at 1 month or 1 year postoperatively, for eyes which underwent two simultaneous and separate goniotomies. Successful control of IOP was, however, related to the preoperative IOP. Eyes for which the initial procedure was unsuccessful had a significantly higher IOP. The incidence of postoperative hyphemas was less in eyes in which the Healon was used intraoperati vely, but the use of Healon did not favorably or adversely affect intraocular pressure control.
A Hemorrhagic Form of Zone I Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Bachynski B N , Kincaid M C , Nussbaum J , Green W R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A premature infant who had vascularized only Zone I developed bilateral progressive hemorrhaging in the posterior poles. Subsequently, vitreous hemorrhages and retinal detachments occurred without any progression through Stages I, II, or III of retinopathy of prematurity. This clinical presentation has not been reported previously. These findings suggest profound underlying abnormalities of funduscopically normal Zone I retinal vasculature. Pathologic findings were consistent with end-stage retinopathy of prematurity.
Unilateral Congenital Cataract: Binocular Status After Treatment
Authors: Pratt-Johnson J A , Tillson G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We describe the binocular status of four patients, aged 5, 6, 10, and 13 years, who had a unilateral congenital cataract removed in the first few months of life. A contact lens had been fitted in all cases and was worn continuously. The normal eye was occluded for approximately 90% of the waking day until at least the age of 4 years. Two patients developed an esotropia and two an exotropia. Best-corrected visual acuity is 20/40 or better in both the aphakic and the normal eye.

The patients' binocular status was assessed with a full eye examination, tests for fusion in free space with prism neutralization, tests for stereopsis, and examination on the Clement Clarke Synoptophore. All patients showed simultaneous perception but no real fusion, resulting in diplopia. A vertical bobbing effect was noted at the angle of neutralization similar to that reported by us in cases of central fusion disruption.
The Use of Part-time Occlusion for Early Onset Unilateral Exotropia
Authors: Freeman Richard S , Isenberg Sherwin J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Eleven patients (9 months to 5 years of age) with intermittent or constant exotropia of predominantly one eye on distant gaze were studied to investigate the effect of part-time occlusion. No patient had constant exotropia on near fixation. Visual acuity was found to be equal in both eyes. All patients were treated by part-time patching of the non-deviating eye from four to six hours a day and tapered as appropriate. If exotropia recurred after conversion to a heterophoria, part-time occlusion was reinstated.

With occlusion, all patients converted to hetero- or orthophoria, at least temporarily. Mean follow-up (to last visit or surgical Intervention) was 22 months (range 3 to 37 months). Three patients (27%) later developed constant exotropia (mean 28.3 months after beginning occlusion) and underwent surgery. Three patients (27%) became and remain Orthophorie without further patching.

Part-time occlusion for preschool patients with exodeviations that are predominantly unilateral can postpone surgical intervention and convert exotropia to orthophoria or exophoria.
Neural Misdirection in Congenital Ocular Fibrosis Syndrome: Implications and Pathogenesis
Authors: Brodsky Michael C , Pollock Stephen C , Buckley Edward G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A child with congenital ocular fibrosis syndrome and oculocutaneous albinism displayed two distinct neural misdirection syndromes: synergistic divergence and Marcus Gunn jaw winking. This and other reported cases of misdirected innervation in patients with congenital fibrosis syndrome suggest that normal neuronal connections fail to become established early in development and that lack of innervation may underlie the pathologic features of the disorder. The prevailing concept of congenital fibrosis syndrome as a primary myopathy should be reconsidered.
Long-Term Results of Bifocal Therapy for Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Ludwig Irene H , Parks Marshall M , Getson Pamela R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We studied the long-term course of 65 accommodative esotropes who required bifocals to maintain alignment at near. Average follow-up was 10.5 years. Forty patients (61.5%, group DC[bifocals discontinued]) were able to discontinue bifocal use after an average of 5.5 years wear. Twenty-five (38.5%) continued to wear bifocals (or a suitable alternative such as reading glasses), after an average 9.7 years of follow-up. Surgical correction of deteriorated accommodative esotropia was performed for 20 patients (50%) in group DC, and nine (36%) of those in group Cfbifocals continued]. Surgery produced an average reduction in the accommodative convergence relationship (near esodeviation in prism diopters [pd] minus corrected distance measurement, AC/A) of approximately 10 pd in both groups. Surgical patients unable to discontinue bifocal wear began with a clinically higher AC/A than those in group DC. Non-surgical patients in group DC experienced spontaneous improvement of the AC/A over time (average, 6.2 pd). On average, this did not occur in those of group C. Average age of bifocal discontinuation was 9.7 years in surgical patients and 9.3 years in the non-surgical. Surgical patients had significantly lower hyperopia ( + 2.4 diopters [D]), than non-surgical (+3.5 D), and an earlier age of onset of bifocal wear (3.29 versus 4.64 years). Although bifocals may be successfully discontinued in a majority of patients at an average age of 9.5 years, a significant percentage require long-term wear, some, despite surgery. The only factor that predicted long-term bifocal wear was a relatively high AC/A.
Follow up Retrospective Study of Compliance With a Standard of Care for Retinopathy of Prematurity in One Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Trainor Susan , White George L , Kivlin Jane D , Thiese Steven M , Trunnell Eric
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the impact of recently instituted guidelines on compliance with the standard of care for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit at the University of Utah Medical Center. In a previous study, it was found that infants eligible for participation in a National Institutes of Health-funded study of ROP were routinely receiving screening eye examinations, whereas infants who qualified for ROP screening according to the standard of care, but not eligible for the study, were seen infrequently. Consequently, a plan to improve the compliance with the standard of care for all infants who fit the standard criteria was implemented. The comparison revealed significant improvement in compliance rates. In one subgrouping of infants, compliance rose from three of 16 (18.75%) infants screened for ROP according to the standard of care, to nine of 11 (82%) infants screened for ROP according to the revised standard. This increase in compliance appears to be due to adherence to guidelines recommended in an earlier study, which included increasing staff awareness of the standard of care, designating a person to schedule and track infants who fit the screening criteria, and including the need for ROP screening on the admission and discharge summary.
Visual Impairment in a Case of Juvenile Paget's Disease With Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: An Eleven Year Follow Up
Authors: Sharif Khaled W , Doig William W , Kinsella Frank P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

An 11-year follow-up of a child presenting with Pagets disease of bone, and who subsequently developed pseudoxanthoma elasticum, is described. The influence of therapy on the ocular manifestations was disappointing. Calcitonin did not prevent the occurrence or progression of angioid streaks, and Argon laser photocoagulation of complicating subretinal neovascular membranes failed to prevent visual loss.
Transformation of Corneal Epithelial Cyst Into Anterior Chamber Implantation Cyst and Scleral Cyst: A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Avni I , Cahane W , Blumenthal M , Naveh N
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

An 8-year-old boy underwent a penetrating keratoplasty for a corneal epithelial cyst. After surgery an anterior chamber implantation cyst appeared. Repeated Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser treatments failed to eradicate this cyst; it later extended into the sclera together with the collapse of the anterior chamber cyst. The possible mechanism underlying the development of these cysts is discussed.
Preservation of Anterior Ciliary Vessels During Strabismus Surgery: A Nonmicroscopic Technique
Authors: Freedman Howard L , Waltman Dennis D , Patterson James H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Preservation of anterior ciliary vessels (ACVs) during strabismus surgery using microscopic dissection techniques and the operating microscope has been previously described. We describe a technique using standard loupe magnification for vessel preservation, in 77 patients, ages 7 months to 69 years, who had surgery between January 1989 and September 1990. ACVs, with a small sheath of connective tissue, were dissected off the surface of the muscles and tendons using blunt and sharp dissection with Knapp iris hooks and Vannas scissors. Key elements of the dissection were sufficient separation of the vessel complex from the anterior tendon insertion and the use of blunt rather than sharp dissection.

We successfully preserved 125 ACVs in 97 muscles. Ninety-five vessels were saved with 71 recessions, 14 with 13 resections, and 16 with adjustable sutures. The success rate of surgery was 85% in surgeries done either with or without anterior ciliary preservation. Vessel dissection time averaged 5 to 10 minutes per muscle.

ACV preservation can be easily and successfully performed in routine strabismus cases. The procedure does not require the operating microscope and can be done under standard loupe (1.5 to 3.0 x) magnification. This procedure theoretically reduces the risk of anterior segment ischemia in situations where the patient is thought to be at significant risk for this complication.
Late Presentation of Congenital Ectropion of the Eyelids in a Child With Down Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sellar P William , Bryars John H , Archer Desmond B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Congenital eversión or ectropion of the upper eyelids is rare. Only 50 cases have been reported since the condition was first described in 1896. We encountered an additional case of congenital ectropion of the eyelids, which Is also unusual because of its late presentation for treatment. This case demonstrates the unfavorable outcome of failure to treat this condition at birth and Illustrates the association with Down syndrome. Our case is compared with the others reported in the literature.
Endophthalmitis Following Pediatric Intraocular Surgery for Congenital Cataracts and Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Wheeler David T , Stager David R , Weakley David R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The incidence of endophthalmitis following pediatric anterior segment surgery is currently unknown. The paucity of reports of this entity has led some observers to recommend simultaneous bilateral surgery for congenital cataracts or glaucoma. In this study, we surveyed over 500 pediatric ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists concerning their knowledge of, or involvement with, endophthalmitis following pediatric intraocular surgery. Seventeen cases of endophthalmitis were documented to occur out of 24 000 reported surgical cases. This results in an incidence estimate of 0.071%, or 7 cases per 10 000, which is similar to that recently reported following adult extracapsular cataract extraction.

The presence of infection was diagnosed by the 3rd postoperative day in 82% of cases. An organism was documented by culture in 65% of cases. The organism was gram positive in all cases.

Visual outcome was generally poor with 65% having no light perception.

The presence of possible concurrent risk factors for postoperative endophthalmitis, including nasolacrimal duct obstruction and upper respiratory infection, was noted in 8 of the 17 cases.
Hypertropia Following Trochlear Trauma
Authors: Legge Richard H , Hedges Thomas R , Anderson Mary , Reese P David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Hypertropia following trauma to the trochlea is rare. The more widely recognized response of the trochlea to trauma is hypotropia or acquired Brown syndrome. We observed three cases of hypertropia following penetrating trauma to the trochlea. Each had computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging to assist in the understanding of the mechanism of the observed superior oblique dysfunction. The clinical course of these cases was variable. Awareness of the damaged trochlea's capacity to respond as a hypertropic as well as a hypotropic syndrome will allow for improved management of these unusual patients.
Results of Combined Surgery on the Superior Oblique and Horizontal Rectus Muscles for A-Pattern Horizontal Strabismus
Authors: Shuey Thomas F , Parks Marshall M , Friendly David S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Results obtained in 32 patients with ?-pattern horizontal strabismus and overacting superior oblique muscles treated with combined bilateral superior oblique tenotomies and bilateral symmetric surgery on the horizontal rectus muscles were analyzed retrospectively. The magnitude of reduction of the ?-pattern correlated positively (r = 0.69) with the size of the preoperative A-pattern. Overall, 27 of the 32 patients (84%) had a satisfactory reduction in their ?-pattern. Esodeviated patients received less correction in the primary position than exodeviated patients. Postoperative complications were minimal if the superior oblique tendon was hooked under direct visualization, and minimal dissection was performed on the surrounding tissue prior to transecting it near the nasal side of the superior rectus muscle.
Factors Affecting Long-Term Results of Successfully Treated Amblyopia: Age at Beginning of Treatment and Age at Cessation of Monitoring
Authors: Levartovsky Shmuel , Gottesman Nava , Shimshoni Michael , Oliver Moshe
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The visual acuity of 104 patients who had previously been successfully treated for unilateral amblyopia by occlusion of the good eye was examined 6.4 years, on average, after cessation of treatment. Three age groups were defined, according to the age at which treatment was started: younger (2 to 5.5 years), middle (5.5 to 8 years) and older (above 8 years). In 55% of the patients, the long-term follow-up examination revealed deterioration of the visual acuity. In patients in whom amblyopia had been monitored at least up to the age of 9 years, the age at which treatment was started did not significantly affect the mean amount of deterioration or the mean visual acuity noted at the long-term follow-up examination.
Aplasia of the Optic Nerve: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Blanco Roman , Salvador Francisco , Galan Alicia , Gil-Gibernau Juan J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Aplasia of the optic nerve is a very rare congenital anomaly characterized by an absence of optic nerve fibers, retinal ganglion cells, and the retinal central blood vessels. It may be associated with a wide range of other congenital abnormalities. In the present article, three cases of aplasia of the optic nerve are described. Its pathology and clinical features are reviewed.
Comparison of On- and Off-Axis Photorefraction With Cycloplegic Retinoscopy in Infants
Authors: Hamer Russell D , Norcia Anthony M , Day Susan H , Haegerstrom-Portnoy Gunilla , Lewis Derf , Hsu-Winges Charlene
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We have compared the performance of an off-axis (knife-edge) photorefractor with that of an on-axis (isotropic) system. Normal infants and children between the ages of 8 and 208 weeks were photographed with each camera both with and without cycloplegia. Refractive errors were estimated for each technique based on equations derived from ray-tracing. These refractions were compared to the results of retinoscopy under cycloplegia.

Sensitivity and specificity of the two photorefraction systems were evaluated as a function of the magnitude of meridional hyperopia defined by retinoscopy. We also examined the effect of varying the photorefraction screening criterion.

Thirteen percent of the infants in the screening sample presented with +3.50 diopters or more of meridional hyperopia. Using this level of ametropia as a referral criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of the off-axis system for infants without cycloplegia were 83% and 72%, respectively. For the on-axis system, sensitivity and specificity values were 85% and 53%. The use of cycloplegics did not significantly improve the performance of either system, but rather their use degraded the specificity of the on-axis system in the presence of moderate refractive errors. The results of the present study indicate that both on- and off-axis systems are effective in identifying highly ametropic infants, but that the off-axis system results in significantly fewer false positives. Moreover, the off-axis system has the advantages of an inherently greater dynamic range for a fixed camera design, and also more easily interpreted photographs.
Changes in Eyelid Position Accompanying Vertical Rectus Muscle Surgery and Prevention of Lower Lid Retraction With Adjustable Surgery
Authors: Pacheco Elba M , Guyton David L , Repka Michael X
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Whether or not eyelid position changes are caused by vertical rectus muscle surgery is controversial and poorly understood. We reviewed pre- and postoperative photographs of patients who underwent recession or resection of one or more vertical rectus muscles in a 10-year period. A change in eyelid position occurred frequently with vertical rectus muscle surgery. With superior rectus recession, 91% of the patients developed upper lid retraction. With inferior rectus recession, 94% of patients developed lower lid retraction. With inferior rectus resection, every patient developed lower lid advancement with accompanying flattening.

We describe an adjustable surgical technique to prevent lower Md retraction associated with inferior rectus recession. The technique involves a separate adjustable suspension of the lower eyelid retractors from the inferior rectus insertion at the time of strabismus surgery. The lid position can then be adjusted separately at the time of muscle adjustment. After an average 21/2-month follow up, no statistically significant lid retraction could be measured in six patients who underwent the adjustable lid suspension, while statistically significant retraction (P < .01) developed in a group of nine patients who had inferior rectus recession alone. This technique did not limit the success of the strabismus surgery.
Cloudy Lenses and Issues: A Pedigree of Unoperated Congenital Cataracts
Authors: Freeman Richard S , Rovick Lisa P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The issue of when congenital cataracts should be removed seems to be well resolved, with most recommendations stating that all significant central lens opacities should be removed by 4 months of age, with removal most commonly occurring the first month. Although there are many strong recommendations regarding congenital cataracts in the literature, little has been written about the initial decision of whether or not to operate.

A pedigree is presented of multiple generations with inherited bilateral central cataracts. Two affected children, who did not undergo surgery, were followed from birth. These two children developed essentially normal vision, despite seemingly significant central opacities. This pedigree emphasizes the need to further examine prognostic factors regarding bilateral infantile cataracts and to analyze the initial surgical decision.

Because this condition does not often occur and a large number of patients is necessary to determine the predictive value, a large, collaborative study is required to make significant headway in this area. If we can identify the factors that have strong predictive value for good vision after cataract surgery, we may start to define the profile of children who will have good vision, with or without surgery.
Name That Feeling! An Innovative Teaching Tool
Authors: Rankin Nancy Maude
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article presents an innovative teaching strategy for promoting awareness of different kinds of feelings to beginning nursing students. Included is a description of this approach and its usefulness as a catalyst for group discussion and student learning.
NIDA Seeks Drug Abuse Research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

Substance Abuse Update-
Baby Boom Generation Suicides Increase
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

Depression, substance abuse, eating disorders also increase
DATES
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

A Guide to Coming Events
Road to Recovery POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: THE HIDDEN VICTIM
Authors: Bille Donald A
Published: April 2021

Memories of trauma can cause serious wounds that often are not visible to the eye.
Retarded Corneoscleral Wound Healing Associated With High Preoperative Doses of Systemic Steroids in Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Fechner Paul U , Wichmann Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: We compared two groups of human eyes with corneoscleral wounds. One group consisted of 100 phakic myopic eyes which received an iris fixated "claw" intraocular lens with a minus power optic. Prior to the operation, 350 mg of prednisone was administered systemically. Ten of these eyes (10%) developed a wound dehiscence requiring resuturing. The other group consisted of 1002 cataract operations where 20 mg of prednisone was administered subconjunctivally after the operation. No wound dehiscences occurred in this group. Pretreatment may be of value where fistual formation is desired, ie, with glaucoma surgery. (Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:174-176.)
In Situ Myopic Keratomileusis Results in 30 Eyes at 15 Months
Authors: Bas Arturo Maldonado , Nano Hugo Daniel
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: In situ myopic keratomileusis was performed in 30 eyes of 17 patients to correct high myopia. Mean follow-up was 460 days. Mean preoperative myopia was -15.66 D. The mean myopic decrease was 13.34 D, 85% of the total presurgery myopia. Postoperatively, 8 eyes (27%) were within ± 1.00 D; 19 eyes (63%) within ± 2.00 D; and 27 (90%) were within ± 6.00 D. Preoperatively, 10 eyes (33%) had 20/40 or better visual acuity with spectacle correction. Postoperatively, 2 eyes (7%) had 20/40 or better without correction. Four eyes lost 2 or more Snellen lines of spectacle corrected visual acuity. Many eyes had an improved corrected visual acuity. The major complications were tear of lenticule (1 eye), epithelial implantation (4 eyes), transitory glaucoma (1 eye), irregular astigmatism (7 eyes), and undercorrection (24 eyes). Four of the latter underwent radial keratotomy. Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:223-231.)