bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Seed Hull Maturity Index in Commercial Peanut Fields1
Authors: Pattee Harold E. , Giesbrecht Francis G. , Dickens James W. , Whitaker Thomas B.
Published: April 2010

Previous research studies have indicated that peanut cultivars Florigiant and NC6 have a maximum crop value when the Seed Hull Maturity Index (SHMI) is 3.0. This SHMI value may be used as a guideline by the peanut grower to help determine the time to dig his peanuts. In order to determine the sample size needed to determine the SHMI, we have measured the variance among SHMI values for individual plant samples within commercial fields of peanuts. The average variability found among SHMI values was 0.166 with a maximum variance of 0.276. Using this information it was determined that 17 plant samples from a field would be adequate for most situations. However, if a field appeared to present unusually variable conditions an increased sampling rate to a maximum of 28 plant samples might be desirable. A plant sample may have one to three plants because of the entwining of plants. Recommended procedures are presented for sampling the field, subsampling of bulked peanut fruits, and determining SHMI for actual farm situations.
Aphid Populations and Spread of Peanut Mottle Virus1
Authors: Highland H. B. , Demski J. W. , Chalkley J. H.
Published: April 2010

Higher percentages of peanuts than soybeans or cowpeas become infected when these crops are growing equal distances from a source of peanut mottle virus (PMV). The total number of aphids trapped in these crops are about equal and cannot explain this differential percentage infection. Known vectors of PMV such as Aphis craccivora Koch and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) comprised 31% of the aphid population in peanuts compared to 14% in soybeans and 17% in cowpeas and could be responsible for the higher number of peanut infections. In addition, trapping of live aphids in peanut fields showed that viruliferous Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were present. Laboratory studies confirmed R. maidis could transmit PMV from peanut to peanut. This is the first report of R. maidis as a vector of PMV.
Effect of Cultivars and Field Traffic on the Fruiting Patterns of Virgina Type Peanuts1
Authors: Mozingo R. Walton
Published: April 2010

Knowledge of the fruiting patterns of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is useful in determining the most feasible band widths for pesticides and other amendments, designing new peanut equipment and adapting new production practices for specific cultivars. The fruiting patterns and the effect of field traffic on these patterns were determined on five large-seeded Virginia type peanut cultivars with variant growth habits.

Cultivars differed in fruiting patterns with the bunch growth type having a significantly higher percentage of their pods near the taproot than the runner types. The bunch types, NC 17 and NC-FLA 14 had 73.5 and 66.5% of their total fruit within a 13-cm wide section centered over the taproot whereas, the runners, VA 72R and Florigiant, and the intermediate type, NC 5, had 42.8, 45.5 and 45.3%, respectively, in a similar position. At the 0.05 level of probability, field traffic had no significant effect on the fruit distribution of the bunch cultivars, but NC 5, VA 72R and Florigiant (at 0.10 level) produced significantly less fruit on the side of the row subjected to field traffic during the fruiting season.
Effects of Intrarow Spacing on Yield and Market Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes1
Authors: Knauft D. A. , Norden A. J. , Beninati N. F.
Published: April 2010

Pod yields and grading data were analyzed for six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes grown in 91 cm rows while using three intrarow distances; 10.2 cm, 15.2 cm and 30.5 cm. Yields were analyzed for a 6-year period from 1975 to 1980 and grading data were analyzed for a 7-year period from 1974 to 1980.

Three genotypes (Dixie Runner, UF714021 and UF439-16-6-3) showed no significant yield differences (all differences reported at the 5% level) among spacings. Florunner and Florigiant produced the same yields at 10.2 cm spacings as they did at 15.2 cm. Both cultivars showed a significant yield reduction at the 30.5 cm spacing. Early Bunch yields were significantly higher at 15.2 cm than at 30.5 cm, while the yield at 10.2 cm was intermediate, but was not significantly different from either 15.2 or 30.5 cm.

Grading data included percentages of extra large kernels (ELK), total sound mature kernels, and Virginia pods. The percentage of ELK for Florigiant at 15.2 cm was significantly greater than the 30.5 cm spacing. Changes in intrarow spacings of the six gentoypes in this study produced no significant differences in any grading data with that exception.

All the currently grown cultivars in these tests had yields with plant spacings at 15.2 cm that were not significantly different from yields at 10.2 cm. With good quality seeds and good production practices a considerable savings could be made with little or no yield reduction by planting at spacings near 15 cm.
Evaluation of Cleaning Farmers Stock Peanuts Prior to Marketing
Authors: Blankenship P. D. , Young J. H.
Published: April 2010

During two harvest seasons, 103 drying wagon lots of Florunner peanuts were graded, cleaned and regraded. The effects of cleaning on grade parameters and economic value were evaluated. Observed value changes were compared to theoretical value changes assuming removal of all grade — indicated foreign material. Niether theoretical or experimental benefits of cleaning prior to marketing increased economic value enough to exceed to the current commercial charge for cleaning.
Peanut Drying Energy Consumption — A Simulation Analysis
Authors: Troeger J. M.
Published: April 2010

During the past few years the cost of conventional sources of energy has dramatically increased and future supplies are uncertain. Available energy sources must be used in the most efficient manner. However, with any changes in recommended peanut drying procedures, product quality must be maintained. An analysis of various factors affecting energy consumption and drying time of peanuts was performed, using a computer simulation model. The analysis included consideration of ambient conditions, dryer controls, and initial peanut moisture. The analysis indicated that the airflow rate used in many commercially available farm dryers is necessary to adequately dry high moisture peanuts, but that a lower airflow rate would be adequate for low-moisture peanuts. A lower airflow rate would reduce energy consumption. Increasing the temperature rise of the drying air would speed drying but would also lower milling quality. Energy consumption was lowest early in the drying season when ambient drying potential was high.
Resistance to Rust and Late Leafspot Diseases in Some Genotypes of Arachis hypogaea1
Authors: Subrahmanyam P. , McDonald D. , Gibbons R. W. , Nigam S. N. , Nevill D. J.
Published: April 2010

Resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) and late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) in some peanut genotypes was studied under field conditions. Late leafspot development was also assessed in the glasshouse and the parameters lesion diameter, defoliation percentage and sporulation gave highly significant correlations with the field disease scores. Several genotypes were found to be resistant to both rust and late leafspot and should be useful sources of multiple disease-resistance in a breeding program.
Scheduling of Irrigation for Summer Peanuts1
Authors: Khan A. R. , Datta B.
Published: April 2010

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of moisture stress on peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) erect variety ‘SB XI’ in relation to amount of irrigation and IW/CPE ratio for consecutive two years of 1975 and 1976. IW/CPE denotes the ratio between a fixed amount of irrigation water (IW) and cumulative pan evaporation from US Weather Bureau Class A Open Pan less rainfall since previous irrigation (Pan E). Yield and 100 kernels weight were significantly influenced by both amount of irrigation and IW/CPE ratio. Maximum yield was obtained when irrigation was given with 6 cm water at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio.
Aflatoxin Inhibition and Fungistasis by Peanut Tannins1
Authors: Lansden John A.
Published: April 2010

Three fractions of tannins were isolated from Florunner peanut testa. Both the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 2999) on PDA agar and production of aflatoxins in liquid culture were inhibited by the tannins. The ability to inhibit growth was inversely related to the ability to inhibit aflatoxin production for each fraction. Two types of tannin assays were inadequate as predictors of the biological activity of the tannin fractions.
Variation in Milling Quality of Peanuts1
Authors: Wynne J. C.
Published: April 2010

Poor milling quality of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) results in a substantial financial loss to the peanut industry. With recent development of a sheller and methodology for the evaluation of milling quality for small samples, it is possible for a peanut breeder to evaluate and select a desired level of milling quality. This study was conducted to determine the variation in milling quality among several large-seeded virginia cultivars and among a group of breeding lines from the cross of the Virginia cultivars, NC 5 and Florigiant.

Cultivars were significantly different for milling quality. However, cultivars did not perform consistently over years, locations or harvest dates.

Large differences in milling quality among F2 families measured in the F6 generation for the cross of NC 5 and Florigiant were observed. Selection for milling quality among the F5 lines should be effective; however, selection for milling quality without consideraiton of blanching properties may result in the development of breeding lines unacceptable to end-use product manufacturers.
Foliar Fertilization Effects on Yield, Quality, Nutrient Uptake, and Vegetative Characteristics of Florunner Peanuts.1,2
Authors: Walker M. E. , Gaines T. P. , Henning R. J.
Published: April 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of foliar-applied fertilizer on yield, quality, chemical composition, and vegetative characteristics of Florunner peanuts. Field experiments wre conducted over a four year period, 1976–1979, on two Coastal Plain soils. Foliar fertilizer containing, N, P, K, and S was applied at varying rates and intervals during the growing season. Plants were sampled at three stages of growth to study vegetative characteristics and chemical composition. Yield and quality factors were taken at harvest.

Foliar fertilizer applied at various rates at different time intervals did not increase yields at either location during the four year study. A slight increase in %SMK was noted in 1976 at one site for the highest rate applied late in the growing season. The two highest rates (168 and 224 kg/ha) caused severe burn damage to the foliage in 1977 and 1978, and consequently only the low rate (112 kg/ha) was used in 1979. In 1978, pod number was reduced with the highest rate at one location for one of three sampling dates, while at the other there was some increase in number of pegs and pods for one sampling date with increased foliar fertilization. Peanut tops were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Phosphorus and K increased for the highest rate for one sampling date in 1978 at one site. Results of these studies indicate that foliar N, P, K, and S fertilization does not increase yield, grade, pegs, pods, or nutrient uptake of peanuts.
Gas Chromatographic Profile of Good Quality Raw Peanuts
Authors: Lovegren N. V. , Vinnett C. H. , St. Angelo A. J.
Published: April 2010

Raw Virginia peanuts were evaluated from volatiles obtained by a modified direct gas chromatographic procedure. The volatiles were eluted and absorbed onto a Tenax-MPE column which was at ambient temperatures. After the peanut sample was removed, the column was temperature programmed for the analysis. The combined peak areas of methanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and the acetone group (pentane, 2-propanol, propanal, and acetone) usually comprised about 80% of the total volatile peak area. Sensory data and their correlation with volatile profiles are reported.
Factors Associated with Resistance to Puccinia arachidis
Authors: Sokhi S. S. , Jhooty J. S.
Published: April 2010

Peanut rust infection frequency, uredial size, incubation period and latent period was studied on 47 genotypes. Seventeen genotypes namely NCAC 17133-RF, PI,259747, PI,393643, PI,381622, PI,390593, PI,390595, PI,393517, PI,405132, J-11, Jh-352, 39–2, J1–24, 2704, US-74 and MK-374 showed a lower infection frequency and smaller uredosori, longer incubation and latent periods.
Quality Characteristics of Cake-type Doughnuts Containing Peanut, Cowpea, and Soybean Flours
Authors: McWatters Kay H.
Published: April 2010

Ten percent of the wheat flour in cake-type buttermilk doughnuts was replaced with flours processed from prepress, solvent-extracted peanuts; partially defatted, untoasted peanuts; partially defatted, toasted peanuts; and dry cowpeas. The legume-supplemented doughnuts were prepared with and without soybean flour, which is frequently added to doughnut formulations to control fat absorption during frying. The quality of test doughnuts was assessed by comparison to wheat flour reference doughnuts. Good machinability and frying characteristics were observed in reference and test batters. Legume-supplemented doughnuts scored favorably in sensory comparisons with reference doughnuts and were similar in moisture content. Oil levels of legume flour-supplemented doughnuts were the same or less than that of reference doughnuts and were more acceptable than levels reported in an earlier study which utilized the legumes in the form of meal.
Occurrence and Quality of Florunner Peanuts with Purple Testa Discoloration
Authors: Sanders T. H. , Pearson J. L.
Published: April 2010

Occurrence and quality of Florunner peanuts with purple testae from combined Federal-State check grade samples were examined. The number of purple peanuts varied inversely with seed size, with up to 6.7% weight in the commercial grade size “other edible.” Exposure of viable peanut pods to light affected the development of purple testae. The percentage of No. 1 grade size peanuts with purple testae increased from 0.86 to 8.53 when pods on growing plants were exposed to direct sunlight. Misting freshly harvested peanuts for 10 days in the windrow also increased the occurrence of purple testae. Except for oil color, only slight differences were found in objective quality determinations between purple testae and normal (no purple testae) peanuts of the same size. Peanut butter from normal peanuts was judged better flavored than that from purple testae peanuts but no difference was detected between normal and a sample containing 7.5% purple, although purple testae peanuts increased the tendency toward grayness of the peanut butter. These data indicate the need for reevaluation of the “damage” designation of peanuts with purple testae.
Fecundity of the Lesser Cornstalk Borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, from Florunner and Spanhoma Peanut Cultivars1
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Cook P. J. , Sander D. A.
Published: April 2010

Pupal weights and reproductive rates were compared over a 3 year period in females of the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), from Florunner and Spanhoma peanuts. Weights of pupae from the two cultivars were quite similar. Egg production of moths emerging from pupae collected in Florunner (mean = 297/female) was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than in Spanhoma peanuts (mean = 341/female). In both groups, fertility of eggs averaged ca. 94%.
Compacting and Baling Mill Run Peanut Hulls for Transport and Storage
Authors: Slay W. O. , Ferguson W. G. , Alford J. W.
Published: April 2010

Mill run peanut hulls (Florunner) were compacted and baled with a modified 18.7 kW longitudinal press. Hull density was increased from 128 to 385 kg/m3. The bale dimensions were designed for loading and transport on standard 12.2-m long flatbed trailers. Labor and energy costs for baling were approximately $8 per tonne. Total costs for hulls delivered in truckload quantities were $14 to $18 per tonne. Bales of hulls stored for one year in both indoor and outdoor locations remained in satisfactory condition. Rain did not appear to penetrate the bales more than a few centimeters and internal temperatures did not exceed 79 C.
Plant Population and Irrigation Effects on Spanish Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Chin Choy E. W. , Stone J. F. , Matlock R. S. , McCauley G. N.
Published: April 2010

Both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions were imposed on various populations for three years using the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar Argentine. Row spacings were 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m. Within-row plant spacings ranged between 2 and 27 plants/m.

The dependent variables of yield (kg/ha and g/plant), other kernels (%) and net return ($/ha) were fitted with a surface response equation Y = β1 + β2X1 + β3X12+ β4X2 + β5X22+ β6X1X2, with X1 spacing between rows and X2 spacing between plants within the row. This model fitted all dependent variables very well for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Resulting interpolation of the data using the above equation indicated that the 0.25 m row spacing gave the highest yield of unshelled peanuts for both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Approximately 15 plants/m was the optimal plant spacing (in all row spacings) for maximum yield and quality. Integrating yield and quality in terms of net returns, the 0.25 m row spacing was optimal for production of Argentine peanuts. Computations based on the above equation and evaluated at constant population density (plants/ha) showed yield was still increased to the narrowest row spacing in the study.

Subsequently, row spacing vs. yield studies with Starr and Comet cultivars were conducted over seven growing seasons at a spacing in the row of about 10 plants/m. Row spacing varied from 0.15 to 1 m. In every year, the narrow spacings outyielded the wider spacings.
Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2009 | Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2009
Authors: Zimmermann Willi
Published: April 2010

In 2009, the Swiss federal forest policy was mainly characterized by implementation activities on the administration level and by numerous political interventions on the governmental and parliamentary level. The most important administrative activity was the definitive introduction of the new perequation system. Members of the Parliament have launched a discussion on two core issues of Swiss forest policy: to reconsider the principle of a strong forest area conservation on the one hand, the question of the primacy of timber harvesting or biodiversity in Swiss forests on the other hand. From a broader perspective, especially two political processes with important impacts on forests were started (Swiss biodiversity strategy) or continued (partial revision of the law on spatial planning). From an international point of view the agenda was dominated by the UN-Copenhagen Climate Conference and the decision of the National Council to refuse the ratification of the protocols of the Alpine Convention.
Das Potenzial der Totholzakkumulation im deutschen Wald | Potential of deadwood accumulation in German forests
Authors: Kroiher Franz , Oehmichen Katja
Published: April 2010

Deadwood is an important part of the forest ecosystem. The quantity available depends on the rates of accumulation and of decomposition. A comprehensive pool of data regarding the deadwood stock for Germany is collected by the German national forest inventory. Moreover, the Projection Modelling of Forest Development and Timber Harvesting Potential (WEHAM) adds other important parameters such as growth rates and potential roundwood availability. Using this data, scenarios for the accumulation of deadwood were developed. For the calculation of deadwood decomposition, independent of tree species, a decay constant k = 0.054 was derived for the whole of Germany. The study shows that a long-term stop in timber harvesting in Germany, assuming the proportions of different tree species remained constant, would lead to a saturation of deadwood with a total of 184 m3/ha. If the German forest presented a natural composition of tree species, a deadwood stock of 150 m3/ha at most could be accumulated. Based on these scenarios, rates of accumulation of total dead-wood and of deadwood of large diameter can be calculated taking into account the deadwood stock levels desired and the time span involved. It has been shown that 7.3% of the WEHAM potential roundwood availability must remain in the forest per year if the quantity of deadwood is to be maintained at 11.5 m3/ha. If an increase in the accumulation of deadwood is to be aimed for, the annual input rate together with the desired deadwood stocks are increasingly influenced by the time span involved. Thus shorter time spans with greater stocks of deadwood to be achieved make it possible to approach the WEHAM potential roundwood availability. The results presented in this paper should assist in decision-making concerning stocks of deadwood to be aimed for in the forest and, in the future, serve as a basis for the selection, evaluation and discussion of quantities of dead-wood to be achieved.
Functionality and Antioxidant Properties of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as Influenced by the Degree of Hydrolysis
Authors: Foh Mohamed Beva Kelfala , Amadou Issoufou , Foh Betty Mabel , Kamara Mohamed Tabita , Xia Wenshui
Published: April 2010

Freeze dried protein powders (Fresh minced meat, FMM and Hot water dip, HWD) from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were hydrolyzed by Alcalase 2.4 L (Alc), Flavourzyme (Flav) and Neutrase (Neut), and investigated for antioxidant activity and their functional properties. FMM and HWD hydrolysed by Alc, exhibiting superior antioxidant activity, had estimated degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 23.40% and 25.43%, respectively. The maximum values of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 3-(2-pyridyl) 5,6-bis(4-phenyl-sulphonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine (ferrozine), radical scavenging activities and metal chelating properties were 86.67%, 91.27% and 82.57%, and 84.67%, 92.60% and 78.00% for FMM and HWD, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the samples. Essential amino acids were above the amounts recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO/UNU) for humans. Lower molecular weight sizes 8,000 Da. At pH 2, FMM and HWD hydrolysates have varying solubilities above 85% (Alc FMM; 91.33%, Flav FMM; 79.5%, Neut FMM; 83.8% and Alc HWD; 90.45%, Flav HWD; 83.5%, and Neut HWD; 85.8%). They have ‘U’ shaped solubility curves, water holding capacity was in the range of 2.77 and 1.77 mL/g, while oil holding capacity ranged between 3.13 and 2.23 mL/g. FMM and HWD have the highest bulk density of 0.53 and 0.53 for Neutrase and Alcalase 2.4 L, respectively. Foam capacity and stability ranged from 125.5 to 61.4, 138.5 to 45.2, 130.0 to 62.5, and 124.5 to 55.0, 137.5 to 53.3, 129.6 to 62.7 for FMM and HWD hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L, Flavourzyme and Neutrase, respectively. Tilapia fish protein hydrolysates are thus potential functional food ingredients.
Hub Promiscuity in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: Patil Ashwini , Kinoshita Kengo , Nakamura Haruki
Published: April 2010

Hubs are proteins with a large number of interactions in a protein-protein interaction network. They are the principal agents in the interaction network and affect its function and stability. Their specific recognition of many different protein partners is of great interest from the structural viewpoint. Over the last few years, the structural properties of hubs have been extensively studied. We review the currently known features that are particular to hubs, possibly affecting their binding ability. Specifically, we look at the levels of intrinsic disorder, surface charge and domain distribution in hubs, as compared to non-hubs, along with differences in their functional domains.
Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 on the Viability and Induction of Apoptosis in Rat Primary Hepatocytes
Authors: Ribeiro Deise H. B. , Ferreira Fabiane L. , Da Silva Valéria N. , Aquino Simone , Corrêa Benedito
Published: April 2010

The present study evaluated the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) either alone, or in association, on rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Cell viability was assessed by flow cytometry after propidium iodine intercalation. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. At the concentrations of AFB1 and FB1 used, the toxins did not decrease cell viability, but did induce apoptosis in a concentration and time-dependent manner.
Electrochemical Analysis of Conducting Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Vyas Ritesh N. , Wang Bin
Published: April 2010

Polyelectrolyte multilayers built via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method has been one of the most promising systems in the field of materials science. Layered structures can be constructed by the adsorption of various polyelectrolyte species onto the surface of a solid or liquid material by means of electrostatic interaction. The thickness of the adsorbed layers can be tuned precisely in the nanometer range. Stable, semiconducting thin films are interesting research subjects. We use a conducting polymer, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), in the preparation of a stable thin film via the LbL method. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used to characterize the ionic conductivity of the PPV multilayer films. The ionic conductivity of the films has been found to be dependent on the polymerization temperature. The film conductivity can be fitted to a modified Randle’s circuit. The circuit equivalent calculations are performed to provide the diffusion coefficient values.
Design and Simulation of a MEMS Control Moment Gyroscope for the Sub-Kilogram Spacecraft
Authors: Chang Honglong , Jiao Wenlong , Fu Qianyan , Xie Jianbing , Yuan Weizheng
Published: April 2010

A novel design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) control moment gyroscope (MCMG) was proposed in this paper in order to generate a torque output with a magnitude of 10-6 N∙m. The MCMG consists of two orthogonal angular vibration systems, i.e., the rotor and gimbal; the coupling between which is based on the Coriolis effect and will cause a torque output in the direction perpendicular to the two vibrations. The angular rotor vibration was excited by the in-plane electrostatic rotary comb actuators, while the angular gimbal vibration was driven by an out-of-plane electrostatic parallel plate actuator. A possible process flow to fabricate the structure was proposed and discussed step by step. Furthermore, an array configuration using four MCMGs as an effective element, in which the torque was generated with a phase difference of 90 degrees between every two MCMGs, was proposed to smooth the inherent fluctuation of the torque output for a vibrational MCMG. The parasitic torque was cancelled by two opposite MCMGs with a phase difference of 180 degrees. The designed MCMG was about 1.1 cm × 1.1 cm × 0.04 cm in size and 0.1 g in weight. The simulation results showed that the maximum torque output of a MCMG, the resonant frequency of which was approximately 1,000 Hz, was about 2.5 × 10-8 N∙m. The element with four MCMGs could generate a torque of 5 × 10-8 N∙m. The torque output could reach a magnitude of 10-6 N∙m when the frequency was improved from 1,000 Hz to 10,000 Hz. Using arrays of 4 × 4 effective elements on a 1 kg spacecraft with a standard form factor of 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm, a 10 degrees attitude change could be achieved in 26.96s.
Corrosion Sensor for Monitoring the Service Condition of Chloride-Contaminated Cement Mortar
Authors: Lu Shuang , Ba Heng-Jing
Published: April 2010

A corrosion sensor for monitoring the corrosion state of cover mortar was developed. The sensor was tested in cement mortar, with and without the addition of chloride to simulate the adverse effects of chloride-contaminated environmental conditions on concrete structures. In brief, a linear polarization resistance method combined with an embeddable reference electrode was utilized to measure the polarization resistance (Rp) using built-in sensor electrodes. Subsequently, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 50 kHz was used to obtain the cement mortar resistance (Rs). The results show that the polarization resistance is related to the chloride content and Rs; ln (Rp) is linearly related to the Rs values in mortar without added chloride. The relationships observed between the Rp of the steel anodes and the resistance of the surrounding cement mortar measured by the corrosion sensor confirms that Rs can indicate the corrosion state of concrete structures.
Non-Linearity Analysis of Depth and Angular Indexes for Optimal Stereo SLAM
Authors: Bergasa Luis M. , Alcantarilla Pablo F. , Schleicher David
Published: April 2010

In this article, we present a real-time 6DoF egomotion estimation system for indoor environments using a wide-angle stereo camera as the only sensor. The stereo camera is carried in hand by a person walking at normal walking speeds 3–5 km/h. We present the basis for a vision-based system that would assist the navigation of the visually impaired by either providing information about their current position and orientation or guiding them to their destination through different sensing modalities. Our sensor combines two different types of feature parametrization: inverse depth and 3D in order to provide orientation and depth information at the same time. Natural landmarks are extracted from the image and are stored as 3D or inverse depth points, depending on a depth threshold. This depth threshold is used for switching between both parametrizations and it is computed by means of a non-linearity analysis of the stereo sensor. Main steps of our system approach are presented as well as an analysis about the optimal way to calculate the depth threshold. At the moment each landmark is initialized, the normal of the patch surface is computed using the information of the stereo pair. In order to improve long-term tracking, a patch warping is done considering the normal vector information. Some experimental results under indoor environments and conclusions are presented.
Discovery and Characterization of Proteins Associated with Aflatoxin-Resistance: Evaluating Their Potential as Breeding Markers
Authors: Brown Robert L. , Chen Zhi-Yuan , Warburton Marilyn , Luo Meng , Menkir Abebe , Fakhoury Ahmad , Bhatnagar Deepak
Published: April 2010

Host resistance has become a viable approach to eliminating aflatoxin contamination of maize since the discovery of several maize lines with natural resistance. However, to derive commercial benefit from this resistance and develop lines that can aid growers, markers need to be identified to facilitate the transfer of resistance into commercially useful genetic backgrounds without transfer of unwanted traits. To accomplish this, research efforts have focused on the identification of kernel resistance-associated proteins (RAPs) including the employment of comparative proteomics to investigate closely-related maize lines that vary in aflatoxin accumulation. RAPs have been identified and several further characterized through physiological and biochemical investigations to determine their causal role in resistance and, therefore, their suitability as breeding markers. Three RAPs, a 14 kDa trypsin inhibitor, pathogenesis-related protein 10 and glyoxalase I are being investigated using RNAi gene silencing and plant transformation. Several resistant lines have been subjected to QTL mapping to identify loci associated with the aflatoxin-resistance phenotype. Results of proteome and characterization studies are discussed.
Relationship of the biceps-brachialis complex to the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna
Authors: Young B. , Beale B. , Kowaleski M. , Vannini R. , Hulse D.
Published: April 2010

Objective: To describe the anatomic relationship of the biceps brachii-brachialis muscle complex and the medial compartment of the canine elbow.

Study design: Anatomical cadaveric study.

Methods: Cadaveric forelimbs, and radius and ulna bones were examined to study the anatomy of the biceps brachii-brachialis complex and its relationship to the medial compartment of the elbow.

Results: The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles comprise a large muscular complex. The biceps brachii is a pennate fibred muscle which plays a major role in stabilising the elbow joint during the stance phase and facilitating limb acceleration during the swing phase. Additionally, the insertion of the muscular complex onto the ulnar tuberosity is such that a moment is generated which the authors hypothesise rotates the medial coronoid process against the radial head. The result is a compressive force which generates internal shear stress oblique to the long axis of the medial coronoid process. The authors further hypothesise that this may result in the micro-damage or fragmentation of the medial coronoid process.

Conclusion: The authors' conclude that contraction of the biceps brachii and brachialis complex may explain an aetiopathogenesis for fragmented medial coronoid process not associated with elbow dysplasia.
A case of stifle osteochondrosis treated by osteochondral autogenous grafting
Authors: Bilmont A. , Raymond-Letron I. , Autefage A. , Palierne S.
Published: April 2010

Objective: To describe the one-month morphological appearance of autogenous osteochondral grafting in a dog with stifle osteochondrosis.

Method: Osteochondral autografting was performed in one stifle of an eight-month-old dog with spontaneously occurring bilateral osteochondrosis.

Result: Histopathological analysis performed one month after surgery confirmed partial integration of the grafts and osteochondral survival.

Clinical significance: Autogenous osteochondral grafting in stifle osteochondrosis results in acceptable graft survival postoperatively and is worthy of further evaluation.
Revision of an unstable HELICA endoprosthesis with a Zurich cementless total hip replacement
Authors: Guerrero T. G. , Hurter K. , Montavon P. M. , Andreoni A. A.
Published: April 2010

A six-year-old, female, spayed Labrador Retriever was evaluated for progressive lameness of one year duration, ending in non-weight-bearing of the right hindlimb. The dog had a history of severe coxarthrosis of both hip joints, and had a HELICA hip pros-thesis implanted in the right hip 18 months before. On survey radiographs, the acetabular and femoral components appeared unstable, with a large void in the proximal femur and a lacy periosteal reaction on the trochanter. Arthrocentesis was performed to rule out septic loosening. As culture samples were negative, the dog underwent surgery. We report the successful revision of an unstable HELICA screw hip prosthesis with a Zurich cementless total hip replacement. The patient had a good clinical and radiological outcome seven months postoperatively.
Combined intra-extra-articular technique for stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation
Authors: Venturini A. , Tamburro R. , Pinna S.
Published: April 2010

Objective: To r

eport a new technique for repairing traumatic cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation in dogs.

Methods: Stabilisation of hip luxation was carried out in two dogs: a one-year-old male Border Collie and an eight-year-old female American Staffordshire Bull Terrier. A caudal approach was performed to expose the hip joint. Following this, a 2.5 mm hole was drilled through the acetabular wall at the original attachment of the round ligament, followed by a tunnel between the fovea capitis and the proximal third of the femur. Nylon tape was tied in a clove hitch knot around the femoral neck. The tape was placed as a bridge over the ischial spine to create an acetabular roof in order to increase articular stabilisation. Results: Follow-up examinations were performed at 10, 40 and 90 days after surgery.The dogs did not show any signs of lameness, pain or reoccurrence of the luxation during any of the follow-up examinations.

Clinical significance: This tape-technique enabled reinforcement of the acetabular roof which in turn increased the stability of the joint.
Prins fluorination cyclisations: Preparation of 4-fluoro-pyran and -piperidine heterocycles
Authors: Launay Guillaume G , Slawin Alexandra M Z , O'Hagan David
Published: April 2010

The Prins reaction was investigated using BF3·OEt2 as a Lewis acid. It has been recently demonstrated, that if BF3·OEt2 is used in stoichiometric amounts then these reactions generate fluorinated products where the BF3·OEt2 contributes fluoride ion to quench the intermediate carbocations. In this study oxa- and aza-Prins reactions for the synthesis of 4-fluoro-pyrans and -piperidines were investigated. The products were obtained in good yields, but only with moderate diastereoselectivity. These Prins fluorination reactions can be accelerated under microwave conditions. The study extends the Prins fluorination methodology for the generation of the C–F bond in heterocycles.
La congruence du thérapeute non directif : un paradoxe éthique, pas un conflit théorique
Authors: Moon Kathryn A.
Published: April 2010

Résumé Cet essai est une incursion au lieu de rencontre de la théorie, de l’éthique et de la pratique dans la psychothérapie centrée sur le client. Elle a débuté par une recherche de clarification du sens que Carl Rogers (1957, 1959, 1961, 1980) a donné au terme de congruence à la lumière des valeurs non-directives de sa théorie. À la lecture de ses écrits j’ai acquis la ferme impression que Rogers fut consistant dans ses intentions thérapeutiques tout au long de sa carrière, c’est-à-dire de 1951 à 1987. Il peut sembler qu’il n’ait jamais expliqué le terme de congruence, en particulier la congruence du thérapeute, en tant qu’entité bien définie. Cependant je suis convaincue que même avant d’être nommée en 1951, la congruence était présente sous forme de concept abouti, et que le concept de 1951 fut présent tout au long de la carrière de Rogers, centrée sur le client. Il était présent dans les descriptions qu’il fit de l’individu ayant terminé sa thérapie (1951, pp. 522-524, 1961, 1969 ; Rogers & Russel, 2002) ainsi que dans les discussions sur la théorie et la pratique qu’il eût vers la fin de sa vie (1986, 1987, 2002). Cet article a pour objet de me permettre de dissiper pour moi-même une sorte de tension et de confusion que j’ai éprouvée en tant que praticienne non-directive désireuse d’être personnellement présente avec ses clients et qui fait, du moins espère-t-elle, l’expérience que son travail est aidant.
Le grand groupe et son rôle dans la formation de praticiens de l'approche centrée sur la personne
Authors: Pedevilla Sandra
Published: April 2010

Résumé Les réponses de stagiaires à un questionnaire sur leur expérience du grand groupe offrent l’occasion d’observer que les fonctions du grand groupe dans la formation sont formatives, restauratrices et normatives. Le grand groupe permet de faire l’expérience des valeurs et des attitudes qui sous-tendent les aptitudes à entrer en profondeur relationnelle ; il permet de les vivre et de les intégrer.
Commentaires sur l'état de la recherche en psychothérapie (comme je la vois)
Authors: Orlinsky David
Published: April 2010

Résumé Dans cet essai, l’auteur fait part de ses hésitations quant à la valeur d’une recherche en psychothérapie basée sur un paradigme ou modèle standard qui, par des procédures « manualisées » aléatoires, tend à réifier les personnes (patients et chercheurs) et rétrécir, selon lui, la vision des phénomènes censés être étudiés. Ce modèle est conforté par les biais cognitifs matérialistes de notre culture occidentale (dichotomie soma/psyché), dans une course au financement qui asservit les chercheurs aux bâilleurs de fonds. Dans sa conclusion, Orlinsky exprime son désir de voir un jour se développer une recherche en psychothérapie et une formation de psychothérapeutes fondées sur l’expérience.
Le sens d'un univers sans Dieu : un défi pour la thérapie centrée sur la personne
Authors: van Kalmthout Martin , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: April 2010

Résumé Pour beaucoup de personnes dans le monde sécularisé d’aujourd’hui le cosmos est complètement indifférent au sort de l’individu et à la destinée de l’humanité. Cette opinion connue comme l’expérience de « la mort de Dieu » est alimentée par des traumatismes personnels et des désastres collectifs. L’homme moderne ne tire plus aucun sens des concepts religieux traditionnels tels que Dieu ou le Ciel. Cela ne veut pas dire pour autant qu’il ne soit pas en quête du sens de la vie. En fait, le besoin que de nouvelles approches s’intéressent à cette vieille question du sens de la vie se fait grandement sentir. Je pense que la thérapie centrée sur la personne constitue un système moderne qui peut aider l’homme moderne à trouver un sens à la vie. Vue sous cet angle, la thérapie centrée sur la personne peut être conceptualisée par ce que Rogers appela dans sa dernière œuvre une philosophie de vie pratique. Dans cet article, j’examine ce que sous-tend cette façon de considérer la thérapie centrée sur la personne, ainsi que les relations qu’une thérapie centrée sur la personne entretient avec la science et la religion. Ensuite, je porte une attention particulière au concept de « la spiritualité athéiste » et à la question de savoir s’il est possible de conceptualiser une philosophie de vie pratique qui fasse place à la fois au scientifique et au religieux, tout en constituant une approche de la vie bonne sans être ni réductrice (comme tendent à l’être la plupart des approches scientifiques) ni dogmatique (comme tendent à l’être la plupart des approches religieuses).
Vers une théorie globale centrée sur la personne du bien-être et de la psychopathologie
Authors: Warner Margaret S. , Rousseau Cécile
Published: April 2010

Résumé L’élaboration d’un modèle centré sur la personne du bien-être et de la psychopathologie ne peut se faire qu’en suivant un cheminement progressif. La théorie centrée sur la personne présente des aspects phénoménologiques et orientés sur le processus qui constituent des atouts essentiels par rapport à la logique plus statique de la psychologie traditionnelle. Mais, à moins de développer un langage et une compréhension phénoménologiques de la façon dont le sens est travaillé, ces avancées sont généralement amoindries et dévoyées. De plus, il existe de nombreuses sources potentielles de difficultés de processing 1 au-delà des « conditions de valeur » originelles de Rogers. Notamment, la capacité à travailler le sens peut être compromise lorsque les liens affectifs précoces ou le développement biologique se heurtent à des obstacles. Ces étapes nous permettent d’élaborer une échelle du bien-être et de la psychopathologie compatible avec les valeurs de l’approche centrée sur la personne. La théorie centrée sur la personne, dans cette optique, offre un modèle de fonctionnement humain pertinent pour l’ensemble de la psychologie clinique et des sciences sociales. De plus, elle renforce les arguments en faveur de l’utilisation de la thérapie centrée sur la personne dans le traitement des troubles psychologiques à tous les niveaux.
Du tout... au trou... au tout ?
Authors: Vincent Steve
Published: April 2010

Résumé Ce texte est le récit d’un voyage intérieur personnel. L’auteur aborde ouvertement son parcours de vie au cours duquel il a été, à un moment donné, un trou noir , un Rien . Il décrit le processus qui a été le sien dans ce rien et soulève, à partir de cette expérience, quelques pistes de réflexion sur l’accompagnement et la relation thérapeutiques. Il conclut par un commentaire sur la tendance actualisante telle que décrite en Approche centrée sur la personne.
Quelques enseignements tirés d'une étude de psychothérapie avec des schizophrènes
Authors: Rogers Carl R.
Published: April 2010

Résumé Après avoir formulé des hypothèses théoriques sur les facteurs favorisant l’efficacité du processus thérapeutique auprès de clients dits « normaux », Carl Rogers en aborde la validité dans le cadre d’un travail d’accompagnement de personnes psychotiques hospitalisées. Certains paramètres émergent alors, comme la motivation consciente d’être aidé ou l’exploration de soi active. Rogers en vient au constat que l’importance des concepts théoriques s’efface au profit des manières d’être ou attitudes facilitatrices du thérapeute dans la relation avec le client schizophrène, et conclut en présentant sa manière d’aborder la thérapie avec ces personnes.
La résonance interactive dans le travail avec des enfants et des adolescents
Authors: Behr Michael
Published: April 2010

Résumé Dans cet article, le concept de Résonance interactive est mis en évidence par le jeu entre l’enfant et le thérapeute, et par la manière qu’a ce dernier de réagir au jeu tant de manière corporelle, verbale que non verbale. Sa capacité à être un soutien pour l’enfant, à l’encourager et à lui créer son espace s’en trouve augmentée, ce qui favorise l’approfondissement des symbolisations de l’enfant. Ce concept est étayé par des théories de la psychologie développementale. La théorie du self de Stern et la théorie du comportement de l’attachement enrichissent la théorie de la personnalité centrée sur le client et des interventions empathiques. Elles indiquent la manière dont l’empathie et l’authenticité peuvent être proposées dans des interactions de jeu avec un enfant ou un adolescent. Des exemples d’intervention du thérapeute dans les jeux comportant des règles, dans les jeux de rôle, dans les bagarres et dans la mise en place de limites sont donnés à travers de brèves descriptions des réactions du thérapeute aux actions de l’enfant.
« Des restrictions de mousse pour Davey » ou Les pensées d'une thérapeute pendant une séance de thérapie d'enfants
Authors: Moon Kathryn A.
Published: April 2010

Résumé Cet article est le récit d’une séance de thérapie avec un enfant, émaillé de nombreuses réflexions et interrogations de l’auteur. Il comprend la transcription intégrale de la séance ainsi que les commentaires de la thérapeute sur son déroulement, sur les échanges, ses propres réactions et questions à propos de son accompagnement. Elle montre comment elle est interpellée par sa propre congruence dans la thérapie, l’organisation du temps, l’établissement des limites et l’intention de non-directivité. Les problèmes de fin de séance avec un enfant souffrant de handicaps sérieux, tant sur le plan physique que comportemental, des rapports avec les parents comme avec la fratrie sont également illustrés et discutés, avec le voile d’anxiété que cela soulève pour une thérapeute dont le désir est avant tout de répondre aux critères de la relation thérapeutique non-directive. Finalement, dans un post-scriptum écrit plus de deux ans après cet enregistrement, Kathryn Moon évoque l’évolution positive de Davey (langage et comportement). Elle relève aussi son évolution professionnelle vers une plus grande confiance, avant de revenir sur les conditions fondamentales de la thérapie centrée sur la personne dans le cadre de la thérapie d’enfants.