bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model for External Walls Selection in Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Boostani Haleh , Hancer Polat
Published: December 2018

Literature review shows that, to date, no local based method has been developed for evaluation of optimal wall constructions in a hot and humid climate from architects’ point of view. Hence, this study aims at developing a multi factor optimization model (MFOM) for comparative selection of opaque wall construction in a hot and humid climate based on four main evaluation criterion namely energy efficiency, thermal comfort, moisture control, and cost efficiency. In order to indicate the application of the MFOM, a case study methodology was employed in Kish Island, Iran, which is characterized by a hot and humid climate. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in the research process including literature and field survey, computer simulation, thermal, moisture and economic analysis finalized with a simple multi attribute rating technique (SMART) grading the outputs for final assessment. According to the results, it can be deducted that the application of the MFOM has the potential to save cost and energy, improve the thermal quality of the indoor environment while predicting the possible construction hazards posed by condensation in hot and humid climates.
Purchasing Counterfeits and Citizenship: Public Service Motivation Matters
Authors: Jung Kwangho , Lee Seung-Hee , Workman Jane
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine how consumers’ public service motivation (PSM) is related to ethical consumption behaviors and how past experience of unethical behavior can reduce the impact of PSM on ethical consumer behaviors. A nationally representative sample from South Korea was used to explore how PSM influences willingness to purchase fashion counterfeits and how the impact of PSM differs for those with and without past experience buying fashion counterfeits. Higher PSM was associated with less willingness to buy counterfeits. Past experience buying counterfeits was associated with greater willingness to buy counterfeits. Past experience buying counterfeits intervened between the impact of PSM and willingness to buy counterfeits such that the impact of PSM was weakened.
Global M&A and the Development of the IC Industry Ecosystem in China: What Can We Learn from the Case of Tsinghua Unigroup?
Authors: Feng Yunhao , Wu Jinxi , He Peng
Published: December 2018

The integrated circuit (IC) industry is the foundation of the information industry, and its level of development is an important manifestation of the economic and technological strength of a country. At present, the IC industry is primarily monopolised by developed countries. Although China is the world’s largest consumer of semiconductors, it has a disproportionately small international market share of production and a very low domestic chip self-sufficiency rate, lagging far behind Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The process of promoting the development of China’s IC industry ecosystem is discussed based on a case study of Tsinghua Unigroup and the observation and analysis of its recent international mergers and acquisitions. The resulting conclusions suggest valuable mechanisms that could benefit the technological improvement of late-developing countries and help them close the gap with more developed countries. Relevant theory for the industrial ecosystem is enriched, providing a useful reference for the development of the IC industry in late-developing countries.
Determinants of Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Disclosure: An Empirical Investigation on Turkish Firms
Authors: Akbaş Halil Emre , Canikli Seda
Published: December 2018

Firms worldwide have been facing an increasing pressure to disclose their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions since GHG emissions are seen as the main source of global warming which is one of the most challenging problems that the world is faced with. For this reason, voluntary GHG disclosure represents a growing area of research interest. However, the existing research generally focuses on developed countries. In this sense, the present paper aims to contribute to the existing GHG disclosure literature by analyzing the determinants of voluntary disclosure of firms operating in a developing country, Turkey. The effects of both financial characteristics and board structures of firms on voluntary disclosure decisions are analyzed as the possible determinants of GHG disclosures of Turkish firms. We use two proxies for assessing the firms’ GHG disclosures. The first proxy, “sensitiveness tendency”, indicates the response behavior of firms to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) survey. The second proxy, namely, “transparence tendency”, represents the disclosure behavior of firms. Using logistic regression models with a sample of 84 listed Turkish companies which were included in the Carbon Disclosure Project survey in 2014, 2015 and 2016, we find that firm size, institutional ownership and market value are positively related to the sensitivity of sampled firms, while board size is negatively related. On the other hand, our results indicate that firm size, profitability and institutional ownership have positive impacts on the transparency of Turkish listed firms.
A Tourist-Based Model of Authenticity of Heritage Sporting Events: The Case of Naadam
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wen Huijun , Li Xi
Published: December 2018

As one of the important forms of intangible cultural heritage, heritage sporting events are becoming a potential catalyst of tourism. Commodification of heritage sporting events becomes popular for local authorities to boost economic development and express cultural authenticity, given that authenticity creates genuine performances and moving tourism experiences. However, commodification of heritage is a double-edged sword. It is a dilemma to commercialize a heritage sporting event while keeping its authenticity. Therefore, this study proposes a tourist-based model of authenticity to solve this problem, in which the authenticity of heritage sporting events incorporates “cool” and “hot” factors. The model examines these factors and their impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty using Naadam as the example. Seven hundred questionnaires were distributed at six sites located from east to west of the Inner Mongolia, China. Factor analysis shows there are two factors in cool and hot authenticity, respectively. Both factors of cool authenticity have direct impacts on hot authenticity, satisfaction, and loyalty. Though both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of hot authenticity have direct positive impacts on tourist satisfaction, only the former affects loyalty directly. The results show the authenticity of event culture is the most important and effective authentic factor, while authentic auxiliary products—the direct expression of commodification—is indispensable for authenticity. This study is helpful for maintaining authenticity and cultural sustainability of heritage sporting events as a destination tourism attraction, given the fact that commodification and the marketing of heritage sporting events has become popular for heritage destination development.
Population Dynamics in Southern Europe: A Local-Scale Analysis, 1961–2011
Authors: Zambon Ilaria , Rontos Kostas , Serra Pere , Colantoni Andrea , Salvati Luca
Published: December 2018

Different socioeconomic, historical, political, and cultural factors have influenced long-term settlement patterns and demographic structures in Europe. Southern Europe is considered a relatively homogeneous region as far as settlement characteristics and population dynamics are concerned. Within-country local variability in the spatial distribution of population is high, and inherent differences across countries may outline distinct demographic patterns at regional scale. A comparative, local-scale analysis of population distribution in five countries (Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece, and Cyprus) over a relatively long time period (1961–2011) contributes to identify latent demographic trends in Mediterranean Europe at the spatial scale of Local Administrative Units (LAU). A spatially-explicit analysis of basic indicators of population density and demographic change allows identification of territorial disparities, reflecting local-scale settlement patterns common to different countries (e.g., population growth along coastal districts). These patterns consolidate a metropolitan hierarchy centered on large—mainly compact—cities and more dispersed conurbations along coastal areas. At the same time, the examined countries present different territorial contexts resulting in distinct population dynamics in turn influenced by internal (e.g., national policies, culture and local identity, class segregation) and exogenous (e.g., economic cycle, urbanization models) factors. A spatially-explicit analysis of demographic trends at local scale may contribute to rethinking urban strategies and adapting spatial planning to heterogeneous socioeconomic contexts across Europe.
Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry
Authors: Ferella Francesco , D’Adamo Idiano , Leone Simona , Innocenzi Valentina , De Michelis Ida , Vegliò Francesco
Published: December 2018

Every year the oil refining industry consumes thousand tons of fluid catalytic cracking zeolite from the E-cat generated in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. In the present paper, a new process for recycling of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCCs) is presented. The process, previously tested at laboratory scale, was simulated by SuperPro Designer catalysts (FCCCs, also known as equilibrium catalysts, E-cat), which are mainly landfilled. Their intrinsic value is quite low and the content of rare earth elements (REEs), as lanthanum and cerium oxides, is around 3%wt. Moreover, their reuse in other industrial processes as raw material is very scarce. For each metric ton of spent FCCC treated for recovery of REEs, nearly the same amount of waste is generated from the process, the majority of which is represented by the solid residue resulting from the leaching stage. The manuscript presents a technological study and an economic analysis for the recovery of REEs, as well as the production of synthetic © software package. The plant was designed for a capacity of 4000 metric tons per year. The discounted cash flow (DCF) method was applied and Net Present Value (NPV) equal to about two-million € and Discounted Payback Time (DPBT) equal to two years defined the profitability of the process for recycling of FCCCs. This result depends on the selling price of zeolite. Consequently, a break-even point (BEP) analysis was conducted on this critical variable and the condition of economic feasibility was verified with a price of 1070 €/ton. This study tried to implement recycling strategies towards circular economy models.
Evolutionary Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Carbon Price Dynamic System
Authors: Fan Xinghua , Zhang Ying , Yin Jiuli
Published: December 2018

The carbon market is the least-cost tool to reduce carbon emissions. This study explores the evolution of the carbon price in the carbon market from a dynamic system perspective. A three-dimensional carbon price dynamic system is established to quantify the interactions among the carbon price, energy price, and economic growth. The system built in this study presents various dynamic characteristics including chaotic attractors and stable equilibria. Specifically, the existence of chaos in the system is verified by Lyapunov exponents spectrum and bifurcation diagram. In contrast, the system tends to be stable in the case of China after identifying the system parameters through the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, evolutionary trends of the carbon price are analyzed when the system parameters are perturbed. The results show that the carbon price is positively correlated with energy price as well as energy price policy. Besides, the level of the carbon price is negatively correlated with government control in the short term and positively correlated in the long term. This study can help analyze trends in the carbon price in the mid-term to long-term.
Pastures and Cash Crops: Biomass Flows in the Socio-Metabolic Transition of Twentieth-Century Colombian Agriculture
Authors: Urrego-Mesa Alexander , Infante-Amate Juan , Tello Enric
Published: December 2018

This article aims to situate a national case study of the global periphery at the core of the debate on the socio-ecological transition by drawing on new data of biomass flows in twentieth-century Colombia. We draw up a century-long annual series converting a wide set of indicators from Net Primary Production (NPP) into the final socioeconomic uses of biomass, distinguishing around 200 different categories of crops, forests, and pastures. Our calculations draw on FAOSTAT and several corpuses of national statistics. The results show a fall of 10% in total NPP related to land-use changes involving forest conversion. Throughout the twentieth century, pasture was the most relevant among domestic extraction. Allocations of cash crops to industrial processing rose while the figure for staple crops for primary food consumption stagnated. The critical role of cattle throughout all periods and the higher yields of the industrial cash crops are behind this profile. This might also mean the start of a new trend of using pasture land for more profitable export crops, which establishes a new inner frontier of land-use intensification. Lastly, the article points out the phases of the socio-metabolic transition of biomass, explores the changes in biomass flows by looking at the history of the main drivers, and identifies the socio-ecological impacts of deforestation and industrial agribusiness.
A Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Model for Green Supplier Selection under the Ordered Weighted Hesitant Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Liu Yumin , Jin Linlin , Zhu Feng
Published: December 2018

The green supplier selection (GSS) problem is one of the most pressing issues that can directly affect manufacturer performance. GSS has been studied in previous literature, which is considered to be a typical multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problem. The ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy MCGDM method can present the importance of each possible value, and the priority relationship among criteria has rarely been studied. In this study, we first extend the prioritized average (PA) operator to the ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy set (OWHFS) for solving the both problems. The generalized ordered weighted hesitant fuzzy prioritized weighted average operator (GOWHFPWA) is recommended, and some desirable properties are discussed. Based on this operator, a novel MCGDM method for GSS is developed. A numerical example of GSS is then given to prove the robustness of the proposed approach, and a sensitivity analysis is used to identify the robustness of the proposed method. Finally, a comparative analysis based on the MCGDM approach with the hesitant fuzzy prioritized weighted average (HFPWA) operator is illustrated to indicate the validity and advantages of the proposed approach.
Skin-Related Neglected Tropical Diseases (Skin NTDs)—A New Challenge
Authors: Hay Roderick J. , Asiedu Kingsley
Published: December 2018

Medical teaching has emphasised over many years the uniqueness of disease states, valuing the rare skills on which the art of diagnosis is based and the intricacies of individual patient-centred management. [...]
Spontaneous CPT Violation and Quantum Anomalies in a Model for Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry in the Cosmos
Authors: Mavromatos Nick E. , Sarkar Sarben
Published: December 2018

We review scenarios of baryogenesis through leptogenesis at early epochs of the universe, in string-inspired minimal extensions of the Standard Model (SM), involving heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos. Spontaneous violation of CPT symmetry is induced by appropriate (in general, temperature-dependent) backgrounds of the Kalb–Ramond (KR) axion field, which has its origins in the (bosonic) massless string multiplet. As interesting features of the model, we also discuss two issues associated with quantum (chiral) anomalies: (i) the non-contribution of the KR axion background to the (anomalous) chiral magnetic effect, which arises in the presence of external electromagnetic fields and non-zero chiral chemical potentials of charged fermions; and (ii) the potential role of quantum fluctuations of the KR axion on the (anomalous) radiative generation of a Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrinos themselves.
Measurement of the Hadronic Resonance Production with ALICE at the CERN LHC
Authors: Vasileiou On behalf of the ALICE Collaboration Maria
Published: December 2018

We present a comprehensive study of hadronic resonance production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at different Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. In particular, the production of hadronic resonances, such as ρ(770)0, Κ*(892)0, φ(1020), Σ(1385)±, Λ(1520) and Ξ(1530)0 will be discussed in detail. In heavy-ion collisions, hadronic resonances are sensitive to the re-scattering and regeneration processes occurring between chemical freeze-out and kinetic freeze-out due to their short lifetimes. The measurements in pp and p-Pb collisions are used as a reference for heavy-ion collisions and to search for the onset of collective phenomena. We will report on the transverse momentum spectra, integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, particle ratios and nuclear modification factors of hadronic resonances. The results will be compared to those of other experiments, and to theoretical models and Monte Carlo generators.
Interactions between Bacteriophage, Bacteria, and the Mammalian Immune System
Authors: Van Belleghem Jonas D. , Dąbrowska Krystyna , Vaneechoutte Mario , Barr Jeremy J. , Bollyky Paul L.
Published: December 2018

The human body is host to large numbers of bacteriophages (phages)–a diverse group of bacterial viruses that infect bacteria. Phage were previously regarded as bystanders that only impacted immunity indirectly via effects on the mammalian microbiome. However, it has become clear that phages also impact immunity directly, in ways that are typically anti-inflammatory. Phages can modulate innate immunity via phagocytosis and cytokine responses, but also impact adaptive immunity via effects on antibody production and effector polarization. Phages may thereby have profound effects on the outcome of bacterial infections by modulating the immune response. In this review we highlight the diverse ways in which phages interact with human cells. We present a computational model for predicting these complex and dynamic interactions. These models predict that the phageome may play important roles in shaping mammalian-bacterial interactions.
Islands as Hotspots for Emerging Mosquito-Borne Viruses: A One-Health Perspective
Authors: Mavian Carla , Dulcey Melissa , Munoz Olga , Salemi Marco , Vittor Amy Y. , Capua Ilaria
Published: December 2018

During the past ten years, an increasing number of arbovirus outbreaks have affected tropical islands worldwide. We examined the available literature in peer-reviewed journals, from the second half of the 20th century until 2018, with the aim of gathering an overall picture of the emergence of arboviruses in these islands. In addition, we included information on environmental and social drivers specific to island setting that can facilitate the emergence of outbreaks. Within the context of the One Health approach, our review highlights how the emergence of arboviruses in tropical islands is linked to the complex interplay between their unique ecological settings and to the recent changes in local and global sociodemographic patterns. We also advocate for greater coordination between stakeholders in developing novel prevention and mitigation approaches for an intractable problem.
Insight in HIV Integration Site Selection Provides a Block-and-Lock Strategy for a Functional Cure of HIV Infection
Authors: Debyser Zeger , Vansant Gerlinde , Bruggemans Anne , Janssens Julie , Christ Frauke
Published: December 2018

Despite significant improvements in therapy, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains an important threat to public health. Current treatments fail to eradicate HIV as proviral DNA persists in long-living cellular reservoirs, leading to viral rebound whenever treatment is discontinued. Hence, a better understanding of viral reservoir establishment and maintenance is required to develop novel strategies to destroy latently infected cells, and/or to durably silence the latent provirus in infected cells. Whereas the mechanism of integration has been well studied from a catalytic point of view, it remains unknown how integration site selection and transcription are linked. In recent years, evidence has grown that lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is the main determinant of HIV integration site selection and that the integration site affects the transcriptional state of the provirus. LEDGINs have been developed as small molecule inhibitors of the interaction between LEDGF/p75 and integrase. Recently, it was shown that LEDGIN treatment in cell culture shifts the residual integrated provirus towards the inner nuclear compartment and out of transcription units in a dose dependent manner. This LEDGIN-mediated retargeting increased the proportion of provirus with a transcriptionally silent phenotype and the residual reservoir proved refractory to reactivation in vitro. LEDGINs provide us with a research tool to study the link between integration and transcription, a quintessential question in retrovirology. LEDGIN-mediated retargeting of the residual reservoirs provides a novel potential “block-and-lock” strategy as a functional cure of HIV infection.
Viperin Inhibits Enterovirus A71 Replication by Interacting with Viral 2C Protein
Authors: Wei Chunyu , Zheng Caishang , Sun Jianhong , Luo Dan , Tang Yan , Zhang Yuan , Ke Xianliang , Liu Yan , Zheng Zhenhua , Wang Hanzhong
Published: December 2018

Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a human enterovirus belonging to the Picornaviridae family and mostly causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in infants. Viperin is an important interferon-stimulated gene with a broad antiviral activity against various viruses. However, the effect of viperin on human enteroviruses and the interaction mechanism between EVA71 and viperin remains elusive. Here, we confirmed the EVA71-induced expression of viperin in a mouse model and cell lines and showed that viperin upregulation by EVA71 infection occurred on both the mRNA and protein level. Viperin knockdown and overexpression in EVA71-infected cells indicated that this protein can markedly inhibit EVA71 infection. Interestingly, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that viperin interacts and colocalizes with the EVA71 protein 2C in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, amino acids 50–60 in the N-terminal domain of viperin were the key residues responsible for viperin interaction with 2C. More importantly, the N-terminal domain of viperin was found responsible for inhibiting EVA71 replication. Our findings can potentially aid future research on the prevention and treatment of nervous system damage caused by EVA71 and may provide a potential target for antiviral therapy.
Wildlife Management Practices Associated with Pathogen Exposure in Non-Native Wild Pigs in Florida, U.S.
Authors: Carr Amanda N. , Milleson Michael P. , Hernández Felipe A. , Merrill Hunter R. , Avery Michael L. , Wisely Samantha M.
Published: December 2018

Land use influences disease emergence by changing the ecological dynamics of humans, wildlife, domestic animals, and pathogens. This is a central tenet of One Health, and one that is gaining momentum in wildlife management decision-making in the United States. Using almost 2000 serological samples collected from non-native wild pigs (Sus scrofa) throughout Florida (U.S.), we compared the prevalence and exposure risk of two directly transmitted pathogens, pseudorabies virus (PrV) and Brucella spp., to test the hypothesis that disease emergence would be positively correlated with one of the most basic wildlife management operations: Hunting. The seroprevalence of PrV-Brucella spp. coinfection or PrV alone was higher for wild pigs in land management areas that allowed hunting with dogs than in areas that culled animals using other harvest methods. This pattern did not hold for Brucella alone. The likelihood of exposure to PrV, but not Brucella spp., was also significantly higher among wild pigs at hunted sites than at sites where animals were culled. By failing to consider the impact of dog hunting on the emergence of non-native pathogens, current animal management practices have the potential to affect public health, the commercial livestock industry, and wildlife conservation.
Water Footprint and Virtual Water Accounting for China Using a Multi-Regional Input-Output Model
Authors: Zhang Yuanying , Chen Yimin , Huang Min
Published: December 2018

Water footprint (WF) is a measure of the actual appropriation of water resources. WF accounting can provide a scientific basis for the managements of water resources. In this study, a multi-regional input-output model is employed to measure the quantity of blue WF (WF) and inter-provincial virtual water (VW) flows in China for the years of 2007 and 2010. The results show that: (1) China’s total WF increased from 205.42 billion m3 in 2007 to 229.34 billion m3 in 2010. Approximately 42% of the WF was attributed to VW embodied in inter-provincial trade. Xinjiang is the largest province of VW export, whereas Shanghai had the largest net VW inflows. (2) From 2007 to 2010, the share of the agricultural sector in the entire VW trade declined, but was still as high as 82.78%, followed by the industrial sector. (3) The north-to-south and south-to-south patterns were witnessed in the domestic VW flows. The provincial WF variations are found to be affected by the per capital GDP, total water resources, per capita water resources, and urban population. (4) By linking VW with an integrated WAVE+ (water accounting and vulnerability evaluation) factor, it was found that virtual scarce water (VSW) was mainly exported by the provinces in northern China. At the national level, the amounts of VSW inflows were consistently greater than those of VSW outflows for both years, 2007 and 2010, implying an increased pressure on the provinces with water deprivation issues. Overall, these results can provide a basis for refining the spatiotemporal allocation of water resources and mitigating the conflict between water supply and demand in China.
Water Footprint and Crop Water Usage of Oil Palm (Eleasis guineensis) in Central Kalimantan: Environmental Sustainability Indicators for Different Crop Age and Soil Conditions
Authors: Safitri Lisma , Hermantoro Hermantoro , Purboseno Sentot , Kautsar Valensi , Saptomo Satyanto Krido , Kurniawan Agung
Published: December 2018

Various issues related to oil palm production, such as biodiversity, drought, water scarcity, and water and soil resource exploitation, have become major challenges for environmental sustainability. The water footprint method indicates that the quantity of water used by plants to produce one biomass product could become a parameter to assess the environmental sustainability for a plantation. The objective of this study is to calculate the water footprint of oil palm on a temporal scale based on root water uptake with a specific climate condition under different crop age and soil type conditions, as a means to assess environmental sustainability. The research was conducted in Pundu village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The methodology adopted in carrying out this study consisted of monitoring soil moisture, rainfall, and the water table, and estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo), root water uptake, and the oil palm water footprint. Based on the study, it was shown that the oil palm water usage in the observation area varies with different crop ages and soil types from 3.07–3.73 mm/day, with the highest contribution of oil palm water usage was in the first root zone which correlates to the root density distribution. The total water footprint values obtained were between 0.56 and 1.14 m3/kg for various plant ages and soil types. This study also found that the source of green water from rainfall on the upper oil palm root zone delivers the highest contribution to oil palm root water uptake than the blue water from groundwater on the bottom layer root zone.
Development of a Generic Domestic Water Security Index, and Its Application in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Yonas T. , Babel Mukand S. , Sušnik Janez , Shinde Victor R.
Published: December 2018

Water security is a global concern because of the growing impact of human activities and climate change on water resources. Studies had been performed at global, country, and city level to assess the water security issues. However, assessment of water security at a domestic scale is lacking. This paper develops a new domestic water security assessment framework accounting for water supply, sanitation, and hygiene through twelve indicators. Water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are central to key water-related sustainable development goals. The framework is subsequently applied to the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the domestic water security assessment of Addis Ababa, the water supply dimension was found to be of good level, whereas the sanitation and hygiene dimensions were of poor and fair level, respectively, indicating both a challenge and an opportunity for development. Because the analysis is spatially explicit at the city-branch level (in Addis), variation in domestic water security performance across Addis Ababa can be assessed, allowing efficient targeting of scant resources (financial, technical, personnel). Analysis further shows that a lack of institutional capacity within the utility, existing infrastructure leading to ‘lock-in’ and hindering maintenance and upgrade initiatives, and an unreliable power supply are the main issues leading to poor domestic water security in the study city. These areas should be tackled to improve the current situation and mitigate future problems. The developed framework is generic enough to be applied to other urban and peri-urban areas, yet provides planners and policy makers with specific information on domestic water security considering water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and accounting for within-city variability. This work could therefore have practical applicability for water service providers.
A Novel ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating Crop Water Demands by Integrating the Dual Crop Coefficient Approach with Multi-Satellite Imagery
Authors: Ramírez-Cuesta Juan Miguel , Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Rubio-Asensio José Salvador , Intrigliolo Diego S.
Published: December 2018

Advances in information and communication technologies facilitate the application of complex models for optimizing agricultural water management. This paper presents an easy-to-use tool for determining crop water demands using the dual crop coefficient approach and remote sensing imagery. The model was developed using Python as a programming language and integrated into an ArcGIS (geographic information system) toolbox. Inputs consist of images from satellites Landsat 7 and 8, and Sentinel 2A, along with data for defining crop, weather, soil type, and irrigation system. The tool produces a spatial distribution map of the crop evapotranspiration estimates, assuming no water stress, which allows quantifying the water demand and its variability within an agricultural field with a spatial resolution of either 10 m (for Sentinel) or 30 m (for Landsat). The model was validated by comparing the estimated basal crop coefficients (Kcb) of lettuce and peach during an irrigation season with those tabulated as a reference for these crops. Good agreements between Kcb derived from both methods were obtained with a root mean squared error ranging from 0.01 to 0.02 for both crops, although certain underestimations were observed resulting from the uneven crop development in the field (percent bias of −4.74% and −1.80% for lettuce and peach, respectively). The developed tool can be incorporated into commercial decision support systems for irrigation scheduling and other applications that account for the water balance in agro-ecosystems. This tool is freely available upon request to the corresponding author.
Sedimentation of Raw Sewage: Investigations For a Pumping Station in Northern Germany under Energy-Efficient Pump Control
Authors: Rinas Martin , Tränckner Jens , Koegst Thilo
Published: December 2018

Flow control in wastewater pressure pipes can reduce energy consumption but increases the risk of sediment formation due to reduced flow velocity. In this work, the sedimentation behavior of dry and wet weather samples at the inflow of a wastewater pumping station is determined by settling column experiments. Based on the derived characteristic settling velocity (vs) distribution, the impact of energy-efficient flow control on sediment formation in pressure pipes (600 mm diameter) was quantified in comparison to a simple on/off operation. In parallel, the sediment formation for 2 years of pumping operation was monitored indirectly via the friction losses. For the investigated case, settling is strongly influenced by the inflow condition (dry, combined from road runoff). Under combined inflow, the proportion of solids with vs from 0.007 to 1.43 mm/s significantly increases. In energy-efficient mode with smoother operation and shorter switch-off sequences, the sediment formation is significant lower. The mean deposit’s height in energy-efficient control was calculated to 0.137 m, while in on/off operation the mean deposit’s height was 0.174 m. No disadvantages arise over a long period by installing the energy-efficient control. The decreased flow lead under the investigated conditions even to a reduced sediment formation.
The 2016 Outburst of PSR J1119-6127: Cooling and a Spin-down-dominated Glitch
Authors: Archibald R. F. , Kaspi V. M. , Tendulkar S. P. , Scholz P.
Published: December 2018

We report on the aftermath of a magnetar outburst from the young, high magnetic field radio pulsar PSR J1119−6127 that occurred on 2016 July 27. We present the results of a monitoring campaign using the Neil Gehrels Swift X-ray Telescope, NuSTAR, and XMM-Newton. After reaching a peak absorbed 0.5–10 keV flux of

erg cm−2 s−1 on 2016 July 27, the pulsar’s X-ray flux declined by factor of ∼50 to

erg cm−2 s−1 on 2016 December 12. The X-ray spectra are well described by a blackbody plus a hard power-law tail. During this time, the blackbody radius decreases monotonically by a factor of ∼4 over a span of nearly 200 days. We also report a highly pulsed hard X-ray emission component, which fades on a similar timescale to the soft X-ray flux, as predicted by models of relaxation of magnetospheric current twists. The previously reported spin-up glitch that accompanied this outburst was followed by a period of enhanced and erratic torque, leading to a net spin down of ∼3.5 × 10−4 Hz, a factor of ∼24 over-recovery. We suggest that this and other radiatively loud magnetar-type glitch recoveries are dominated by magnetospheric processes, in contrast to conventional radio pulsar glitch recoveries which are dominated by internal physics.
Unraveling the Links among Sympathetic Eruptions
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Rui , Wang Yuming , Gou Tingyu , Zhang Quanhao , Zhou Zhenjun , Zhang Min
Published: December 2018

Solar eruptions occurring at different places within a relatively short time interval are considered to be sympathetic. However, it is difficult to determine whether there exists a cause and effect between them. Here we study a failed and a successful filament eruption following an X1.8-class flare on 2014 December 20, in which slipping-like magnetic reconnections serve as a key causal link among the eruptions. Reconnection signatures and effects are identified as follows: at both sides of the filament experiencing the failed eruption, serpentine ribbons extend along the chromospheric network to move away from the filament, while a hot loop apparently grows above it; at the filament undergoing the successful eruption, overlying cold loops contract, while coronal dimming appears at both sides even before the filament eruption. These effects are understood by reconnections continually transforming magnetic fluxes overlying one filament to the other, which adjusts how the magnetic field decays with increasing height above the filaments in opposite trends, therefore either strengthening or weakening the magnetic confinement of each filament.
Rare Finding of a 100 Kpc Large, Double-lobed Radio Galaxy Hosted in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy SDSS J103024.95+551622.7
Authors: Rakshit Suvendu , Stalin C. S. , Hota Ananda , Konar Chiranjib
Published: December 2018

Among the many varieties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known, narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies are a puzzling class, particularly after the discovery of γ-ray emission in a handful of them using observations from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Here, we report the discovery of a rare, large, double-lobed radio source with its radio core associated with an NLSy1 galaxy, SDSS J103024.95+551622.7, at z = 0.435. The lobe separation is 116 kpc which is the second largest known projected size among NLSy1 radio sources. This finding is based on the analysis of 1.4 GHz data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters archives. Along with the core and edge-brightened lobes we detected a significant (30%) fraction of clear diffuse emission showing typical back-flow from FR II radio galaxy lobes. For the source, we estimated a jet power of 3 × 1044 erg s−1, suggesting that its jet power is similar to that of classical radio galaxies. Emission from the source is also found to be non-variable both in the optical and mid-infrared bands. Identification of more such sources may help to reveal new modes of AGNs and to understand their role in black hole galaxy evolution.
Chandra and HST Snapshots of Fossil System Progenitors
Authors: Johnson Lucas E. , Irwin Jimmy A. , White Raymond E. , Wong Ka-Wah , Dupke Renato A.
Published: December 2018

The search for the progenitors to today’s fossil galaxy systems has been restricted to N-body simulations until recently, when 12 fossil progenitors were identified in the CASSOWARY catalog of strong-lensing systems. All 12 systems lie in the predicted redshift range for finding fossils that are in the process of assembling their brightest group galaxy (BGG), and all show complex merging-like environments at their centers. Here, we present Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope snapshots of eight of these strong-lensing fossil progenitors at varying stages of evolution. We find that our lensing progenitors exhibit higher than expected X-ray luminosities and temperatures consistent with previously observed non-lensing fossil systems. More precise galaxy luminosity functions are generated, which strengthen past claims that progenitors are the transition phase between non-fossils and fossils. We also find evidence suggesting that the majority of differences between fossils and non-fossils lie in their BGGs.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). V. Interpreting ALMA Maps of Protoplanetary Disks in Terms of a Dust Model
Authors: Birnstiel Tilman , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Zhu Zhaohuan , Andrews Sean M. , Bai Xue-Ning , Wilner David J. , Carpenter John M. , Huang Jane , Isella Andrea , Benisty Myriam , Pérez Laura M. , Zhang Shangjia
Published: December 2018

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) is the largest homogeneous high-resolution (∼0.″035, or ∼5 au) disk continuum imaging survey with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) so far. In the coming years, many more disks will be mapped with ALMA at similar resolution. Interpreting the results in terms of the properties and quantities of the emitting dusty material is, however, a very non-trivial task. This is in part due to the uncertainty in the dust opacities, an uncertainty that is not likely to be resolved any time soon. It is also partly due to the fact that, as the DSHARP survey has shown, these disk often contain regions of intermediate to high optical depth, even at millimeter wavelengths and at relatively large radius in the disk. This makes the interpretation challenging, in particular if the grains are large and have a large albedo. On the other hand, the highly structured features seen in the DSHARP survey, of which strong indications were already seen in earlier observations, provide a unique opportunity to study the dust growth and dynamics. To provide continuity within the DSHARP project, its follow-up projects, and projects by other teams interested in these data, we present here the methods and opacity choices used within the DSHARP collaboration to link the measured intensity I

ν
to dust surface density Σ
d
.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VII. The Planet–Disk Interactions Interpretation
Authors: Zhang Shangjia , Zhu Zhaohuan , Huang Jane , Guzmán Viviana V. , Andrews Sean M. , Birnstiel Tilman , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Carpenter John M. , Isella Andrea , Pérez Laura M. , Benisty Myriam , Wilner David J. , Baruteau Clément , Bai Xue-Ning , Ricci Luca
Published: December 2018

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) provides a large sample of protoplanetary disks with substructures that could be induced by young forming planets. To explore the properties of planets that may be responsible for these substructures, we systematically carry out a grid of 2D hydrodynamical simulations, including both gas and dust components. We present the resulting gas structures, including the relationship between the planet mass, as well as (1) the gaseous gap depth/width and (2) the sub/super-Keplerian motion across the gap. We then compute dust continuum intensity maps at the frequency of the DSHARP observations. We provide the relationship between the planet mass, as well as (1) the depth/width of the gaps at millimeter intensity maps, (2) the gap edge ellipticity and asymmetry, and (3) the position of secondary gaps induced by the planet. With these relationships, we lay out the procedure to constrain the planet mass using gap properties, and study the potential planets in the DSHARP disks. We highlight the excellent agreement between observations and simulations for AS 209 and the detectability of the young solar system analog. Finally, under the assumption that the detected gaps are induced by young planets, we characterize the young planet population in the planet mass–semimajor axis diagram. We find that the occurrence rate for >5 M
J planets beyond 5–10 au is consistent with direct imaging constraints. Disk substructures allow us to probe a wide-orbit planet population (Neptune to Jupiter mass planets beyond 10 au) that is not accessible to other planet searching techniques.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). X. Multiple Rings, a Misaligned Inner Disk, and a Bright Arc in the Disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
Authors: Pérez Laura M. , Benisty Myriam , Andrews Sean M. , Isella Andrea , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Huang Jane , Kurtovic Nicolás T. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Zhu Zhaohuan , Birnstiel Tilman , Zhang Shangjia , Carpenter John M. , Wilner David J. , Ricci Luca , Bai Xue-Ning , Weaver Erik , Öberg Karin I.
Published: December 2018

We present a detailed analysis of new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the disk around the T-Tauri star HD 143006, which at 46 mas (7.6 au) resolution reveals new substructures in the 1.25 mm continuum emission. The disk resolves into a series of concentric rings and gaps, together with a bright arc exterior to the rings that resembles hydrodynamical simulations of a vortex and a bridge-like feature connecting the two innermost rings. Although our 12CO observations at similar spatial resolution do not show obvious substructure, they reveal an inner disk depleted of CO emission. From the continuum emission and the CO velocity field we find that the innermost ring has a higher inclination than the outermost rings and the arc. This is evidence for either a small (∼8°) or moderate (∼41°) misalignment between the inner and outer disk, depending on the specific orientation of the near/far sides of the inner/outer disk. We compare the observed substructures in the ALMA observations with recent scattered-light data of this object from the Very Large Telescope/Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE). In particular, the location of narrow shadow lanes in the SPHERE image, combined with pressure-scale height estimates, favor a large misalignment of about 41°. We discuss our findings in the context of a dust-trapping vortex, planet-carved gaps, and a misaligned inner disk due to the presence of an inclined companion to HD 143006.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). IV. Characterizing Substructures and Interactions in Disks around Multiple Star Systems
Authors: Kurtovic Nicolás T. , Pérez Laura M. , Benisty Myriam , Zhu Zhaohuan , Zhang Shangjia , Huang Jane , Andrews Sean M. , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Isella Andrea , Bai Xue-Ning , Carpenter John M. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Ricci Luca , Wilner David J.
Published: December 2018

To characterize the substructures induced in protoplanetary disks by the interaction between stars in multiple systems, we study the 1.25 mm continuum and the 12CO(J = 2–1) spectral line emission of the triple systems HT Lup and AS 205, at scales of ≈5 au, as part of the “Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project” (DSHARP). In the continuum emission, we find two symmetric spiral arms in the disk around AS 205 N, with a pitch angle of 14°, while the southern component AS 205 S, itself a spectroscopic binary, is surrounded by a compact inner disk and a bright ring at a radius of 34 au. The 12CO line exhibits clear signatures of tidal interactions, with spiral arms, extended arc-like emission, and high velocity gas, possible evidence of a recent close encounter between the disks in the AS 205 system, as these features are predicted by hydrodynamic simulations of flyby encounters. In the HT Lup system, we detect continuum emission from all three components. The primary disk, HT Lup A, also shows a two-armed symmetric spiral structure with a pitch angle of 4°, while HT Lup B and C, located at 25 and 434 au in projected separation from HT Lup A, are barely resolved with ∼5 and ∼10 au in diameter, respectively. The gas kinematics for the closest pair indicates a different sense of rotation for each disk, which could be explained by either a counter rotation of the two disks in different, close to parallel, planes, or by a projection effect of these disks with a close to 90° misalignment between them.