bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasculitis and COVID-19: what do we have to know?
Authors: Tamburello Antonio , Castelnovo Laura , Bizzi Emanuele , Caso Francesco
Published: December 2020

As the main title ‘COVID-19 revolution: a new challenge for the internist’ states, the global coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represented a new challenge for the internists. This paper is part of a series of articles written during the difficult period of the ongoing global pandemic and published all together in this fourth issue of the Italian Journal of Medicine, with the aim of sharing the direct experiences of those who were the first to face this severe emergency, expressing each point of view in the management of COVID-19 in relation to other diseases. Each article is therefore the result of many efforts and a joint collaboration between many colleagues from the Departments of Internal Medicine or Emergency Medicine of several Italian hospitals, engaged in the front line during the pandemic. These preliminary studies therefore cover diagnostic tools available to health care personnel, epidemiological reflections, possible new therapeutic approaches, discharge and reintegration procedures to daily life, the involvement of the disease not only in the lung, aspects related to various comorbidities, such as: coagulopathies, vasculitis, vitamin D deficiency, gender differences, etc.. The goal is to offer a perspective, as broad as possible, of everything that has been done to initially face the pandemic in its first phase and provide the tools for an increasingly better approach, in the hope of not arriving unprepared to a possible second wave. This paper in particular deals with vasculitis and COVID-19.
Work-Addiction Risk in Athletic Trainers and Its Relationship to Work-Family Conflict and Burnout
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Gilgallon Timothy Joseph , Singe Stephanie M.
Published: December 2020

Context

Individual factors can affect numerous work-life interface outcomes, including work-family conflict and burnout. Recently, the concept of work addiction has been investigated as an individual factor that could affect numerous outcomes. Despite the large body of literature investigating work-family conflict and burnout in athletic training, little is known about the incidence of work addiction or its potential effect on these outcomes.

Objective

To gather descriptive data on the work-addiction risk and examine the effect work addiction may have on work-life interface outcomes in athletic training.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Athletic trainers (ATs) employed in all work settings were recruited to participate via social media and email distribution lists. Data from 226 (n = 65, 28.8% males; n = 161, 71.2% females) ATs, currently employed in more than 13 work settings, were included in data analysis.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The online questionnaire consisted of 4 main sections: demographic questions, work-family conflict scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the Work Addiction Risk Test. We calculated Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests to determine if group differences existed. Simple linear regressions were used to assess if work-addiction risk scores predicted burnout and work-family conflict.

Results

The ATs experienced moderate levels of personal (55.0 ± 19.1) and work-related (50.0 ± 16.0) burnout and were at medium risk for work addiction (58.3 ± 11.2). No demographic differences were observed in burnout or work-family conflict scores, but these scores differed based on the work-addiction risk. Women were more at risk for compulsive tendencies than were men. Work-addiction risk scores predicted both burnout and work-family conflict, but only a relatively small percentage of the variability was explained.

Conclusions

Those ATs at higher risk for work addiction reported higher levels of burnout. Because of the medium risk for work addiction among ATs, work-addiction mitigation strategies should be implemented by individuals and organizations.
Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in Peyronie's disease
Authors: Rojo Esther García , Gómez Borja García , de la Blanca Rocio Santos-Pérez , Manfredi Celeste , Isa Manuel Alonso , Polo José Medina , Antolín Alfredo Rodríguez , Otero Javier Romero
Published: December 2020

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been associated with multiple entities and several types of cancers. They can be assumed as markers of inflammatory imbalance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the NLR and PLR in Peyronie's disease (PD) and to establish a comparison of its values in the acute and chronic stages. We recruited patients with PD from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients enrolled underwent medical and sexual history as well as a physical examination. The values of blood count of each patient were collected both in the acute and chronic stages. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the acute and chronic stage ratios. Kruskal–Wallis test was carried out to evaluate the impact of treatments on the ratios. To identify cutoff values, we used sensibility and specificity tables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 120 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 55.85 (range: 18–77) years and the mean penile curvature was 48.43° (range: 10°–100°). In the acute stage, the mean NLR was 2.35 and the mean PLR was 111.22. These ratios, in the chronic stage, were 1.57 and 100.00, respectively. Statistically significant differences between acute and stable stages for both indices were found (NLR: P < 0.0001; PLR: P = 0.0202). The optimal cutoff for classification in acute or stable stage was 2 for NLR and 102 for PLR. According to our results, with an ordinary blood count, we could have important indications regarding the disease stage of the patient, and consequently on the most appropriate type of therapy to choose.
Serum interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Yasmin Tawfik M. , Aya Badran Y. , Amal Hosni , Amira Kamel A. , Ahmed Gomaa S.
Published: December 2020

Background

Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentary skin disorder caused by destruction of epidermal melanocytes. Various cytokines play an important role in its pathogenesis. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is one of the cytokines produced by multiple immune cells such as lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It has a role in the proinflammatory process, and also it can induce production of C-reactive protein (CRP). The role of IL-22 has been studied and evaluated in many chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Aim

This study was planned to study the effect of serum IL-22 and CRP in patients with vitiligo and to correlate their level with the severity of the disease using vitiligo area severity index, vitiligo extent score, and vitiligo disease activity score.

Patients and methods

A prospective case–control study was conducted on 35 patients with vitiligo and 35 age-matched and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Both disease severity and disease activity were estimated using vitiligo area severity index and vitiligo disease activity score, respectively. All participants were subjected to measurement of serum IL-22 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and measurement of serum CRP level by rate nephelometry.

Results

We found that the most common type of vitiligo was the generalized type (88.6%), followed by segmental vitiligo (5.7%) and focal vitiligo (5.7%). We found that both IL-22 and CRP are significantly higher in patients with vitiligo compared with healthy participants (P=0.001), with a positive correlation with the disease activity.

Conclusion

Both IL-22 and CRP have a role in vitiligo pathogenesis as their presence intensifies the severity of the disease. They could be considered useful tools for evaluating the disease activity.
Erectile dysfunction in Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kamal Emad E. , Zedan Hatem M. , Ismail Ahmed A. , Hussein Khaled , Zakaria Mohammed , Badran Aya Y.
Published: December 2020

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-long disease affecting the airways. It occurs owing to long-term exposure to hazardous smokes and particles and leads to increased inflammatory response in the airway. Multiple well-recognized comorbidities are associated with COPD presence. Sexual affection is considered one of them through incompletely understood mechanism. Studies demonstrating erectile dysfunction (ED) prevalence among Egyptian patients with COPD are limited.

Aim

This study aimed to assess ED prevalence in male patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and also to assess their serum testosterone level.

Patients and Methods

One hundred male patients with COPD and 40 age-matched healthy male controls were included in the study. Each participant was subjected to detailed medical history and full clinical examination, pulmonary assessment (pulmonary function tests by spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis), and measurement of total testosterone level. Also, each participant completed the Arabic version of the IIEF-5 questionnaire for assessment of erectile function and ED severity.

Results

The scores of the IIEF-5 questionnaire revealed that 71% of patients had ED of varying severity: 16% mild, 4% mild to moderate, 18% moderate, and 33% severe.

Conclusion

The results showed that patients with COPD also have ED of variable degrees. IIEF-5 scores negatively correlated with the age of the patients and the duration of COPD.
Taxation of Digital Servieces from International Tax Law Perspective
Authors: Sábo Jozef
Published: December 2020

The article analyses taxes on digital services adopted in the United Kingdom, France, Austria, and Italy. The article tries to identify the architectural features of these taxes that could conflict with obligations according to international tax treaties and EU laws. The article also presents OECD “Unified Approach” which is based on multilateral agreement. The main hypothesis of the article is that this approach represents a better solution for the taxation of digital services than unilateral national taxation of digital services. In the presented analyses, mainly horizontal comparative method, method of logical analysis and synthesis are employed.
Neotropical mammals in natural history collections and research in Rome, Italy
Authors: Castiglia Riccardo , Gippoliti Spartaco
Published: December 2020

The occurrence and the history of Neotropical mammal specimens in the collections of naturalistic museums in Rome, Italy, and their scientific utilization is here reviewed. These specimens belong to several scientific expeditions made after the discovery of the new Continent. The oldest specimens date back to the famous Museum of Athanasius Kircher at the Collegio Romano (1651) and to the Museo Zoologico della Università di Roma that was established inside the University of the Pontificial State (Archigymnasium) (1823). Many of these early specimens are now lost due to the complex history of Roman scientific museology, but some specimens are now available mainly in two institutions, the Museo Civico di Zoologia (established in 1932) and the Museo di Anatomia Comparata “Battista Grassi” of “Sapienza” University of Rome (1935). Among the numerous specimens, is noteworthy the presence of a hairy long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus pilosus, the first record in an Italian zoological collection and the 26th known specimen of this species in world museums. More recently, some Roman researchers have maintained a scientific interest for Neotropical mammals, including primates, with collaboration with South American mammalogists. A greater historical knowledge of scientific activities concerning the work of Italians researchers on Neotropical biodiversity should be pursued.
Educación: Una herramienta para la defensa del derecho humano al agua en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Prince Torres Ángel Carmelo
Published: December 2020

Se dice que el agua es vida y como es vida debe ser resguardada, de manera que los seres humanos puedan servirse de ella en tiempos tan convulsionados como los actuales, en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Este texto tuvo como propósito general, proponer pautas para la protección del derecho humano al agua desde la perspectiva educativa a través del estudio de las generalidades sobre esta prerrogativa, su situación debida al confinamiento por coronavirus y el rol educativo para promover cambios sociales positivos en este sentido. Para ello se realizó una investigación bajo el enfoque cualitativo con un diseño documental, así como propuesta educativa y se concluyó que el proceso de aprendizaje orientado por los temas en valores promueve el blindaje del derecho natural al vital líquido, al tiempo que es testimonio de su poder para sensibilizar a las personas con respecto a estas circunstancias
Clemency in Southeast Asian Death Penalty Cases
Authors: Pascoe Daniel
Published: December 2020

The five contemporary practitioners of the death penalty in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam) have performed judicial executions on a regular basis between 1975 and 2013. Notwithstanding this similarity, the number of death sentences passed by courts that were subsequently reduced to a term of imprisonment through grants of clemency by the executive has varied remarkably between these jurisdictions. Some of these countries commuted the sentences of death row prisoners often (for example, the clemency ‘rate’ of 91-92 per cent witnessed in Thailand), others rarely (a clemency ‘rate’ of around 1 per cent in Singapore), and some at ‘medium’ rates. In this article, I employ the methodology of comparative criminal justice to explore the discrepancies and similarities in capital clemency practice between these five Southeast Asian jurisdictions. In doing so, I seek to identify the structural and cultural reasons why retentionist countries exercise clemency at vastly different ‘rates’ in finalised capital cases.
Tütün Kullanımına Mutedil Bir Yaklaşım: Şevkizâde Süleyman Efendi’nin Duhân Risalesi
Authors: SAYLAN Şenol
Published: December 2020

18. yüzyılın başlarında vefat ettiği düşünülen Şevkizâde Süleyman Efendi, tütün kullanımının yaygınlaştığı ve şiddetli yasaklamalar sonrası yasakların gevşediği bir dönemde yaşamış bir Osmanlı âlimidir. Bu dönem, Şeyhülislam Bahâî Mehmed Efendi’nin (ö. 1064/1654) tütünün mubahlığına dair verdiği fetvası ve devletin tütünü resmen vergilendirmesi (1688) sonrasına tekabül eder. Söz konusu dönemde tütün kullanmanın hükmüyle ilgili tartışmalar yoğun bir şekilde devam etmekte olup, lehte ve aleyhte pek çok risâle kaleme alınmıştır.

Konuyla ilgili risale kaleme alan müelliflerden biri olan Şevkizâde risalesinde, tütün kullanımı ile ilgili tartışmalarda uygun olmayan deliller ve hakarete varan sert bir üslup kullanıldığı, tütün içilmesine engel olmak ve fitneyi önlemek üzere bu eserlerde konuyla ilgili nass bulunmadığı ve kıyasla hüküm istihraç etmenin ihmal edildiği gibi pek çok asılsız iddialarda bulunulduğunu belirtir. Söz konusu tartışmaların ise insanları kafa karışıklığı içinde bıraktığını, bu nedenle Kitap, sünnet ve müçtehitlerin görüşleri ışığında mesele ile ilgili doğruları ortaya koymak üzere kısa bir risale telif ettiğini belirtir. Tütünle ilgili genellemeci bir hükümden kaçınan Şevkizâde risalesinde; tütün kullananların mescide gelmekten menedilmesi, tütünün habâisten olup olmadığı, devlet başkanının tütün hakkındaki emrinin hükmü ve bağlayıcılığı, tütün kullanmanın haramlığını ve mubahlığını savunanların bazı iddialarının değerlendirilmesi ve tütün içmenin oruca etkisi gibi meselere ayrı ayrı temas eder.

Bu makalede Şevkizâde’nin tütün hakkındaki risâlesi tanıtıldı ve incelendi, ayrıntılı olarak muhtevasına temas edildi ve son olarak risâlenin tahkikli metnine yer verildi.
Micro-moment timeline interview e Triangulação SMM: exemplo de aplicação da metodologia Sense-Making no Design da Informação | Micro-moment timeline interview and SMM Triangulation: example of Sense-Making Methodology applied to Information Design
Authors: Silva Claudio Henrique da , Spinillo Carla Galvão
Published: December 2020

Pesquisas qualitativas fazem parte do universo do Design da Informação. A Metodologia Sense-Making proposta por Brenda Dervin mostra-se como uma abordagem interessante a ser utilizada em pesquisas de Design da Informação, uma vez que se apresenta como método e também oferece técnicas para coleta e análise de dados. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e exemplificar a aplicação da Micro-Moment Timeline Interview e a Triangulação SMM na utilização da Metodologia Sense-Making como abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa em Design da Informação. Fundamentos da Metodologia Sense-Making são apresentados bem como é exemplificada a aplicação de uma Micro-Moment Timeline Interview e a Triangulação SMM realizada como parte da pesquisa de doutoramento do autor deste artigo. A aplicação permitiu a melhor compreensão dos pressupostos desta metodologia bem como apresentou elementos que a qualificam para ser utilizada em pesquisas de Design da Informação. Qualitative research is part of the Information Design universe. The Sense-Making Methodology by Brenda Dervin is interesting to be used in Information Design research, since it proposes method and techniques for data collection and analysis. The purpose of this article is to present and exemplify an application of the Micro-Moment Timeline Interview and a SMM Triangulation in the use of the Sense-Making Methodology as a qualitative approach to Information Design research. Fundamentals of the Meaning-Making Methodology are given, and the application of a Micro-Moment Timing Interview and a SMM Triangulation are exemplified through a study on the use of medications by elderly. Such application allowed a better understanding of the assumptions of this methodology, as well as presented elements that are qualified to be used in Information Design research.
Imagens táteis tridimensionais: um modelo para a tradução tátil a partir de imagens estáticas bidimensionais | Three-dimensional tactile images: a model for tactile translation from two-dimensional static images
Authors: Picelli Sanches Emilia Christie , Macedo Claudia Mara Scudelari , Bueno Juliana
Published: December 2020

A acessibilidade na educação de pessoas cegas é um direito que deve ser cumprido. Levando-se em consideração que o design da informação almeja transmitir uma informação de forma efetiva ao receptor, e que uma imagem estática precisa ser adaptada para que um aluno cego tenha acesso a esse conteúdo visual, propõe-se uma maneira de traduzir a informação visual para o tátil. O propósito deste artigo, então, é apresentar um modelo para tradução de imagens estáticas bidimensionais em imagens táteis tridimensionais. Por isso, parte de uma breve revisão da literatura sobre cegueira, percepção tátil e imagens táteis. Na sequência, apresenta o modelo de tradução em três partes: (1) recomendações da literatura; (2) estrutura e (3) modelo preliminar para teste. Depois, descreve o teste do modelo realizado com dois designers com habilidades de modelagem digital (potenciais usuários). Como resultado dos testes, obtiveram-se duas modelagens distintas, uma utilizando da elevação e outra utilizando texturas, porém, os dois participantes realizaram com sucesso a tarefa pretendida. Ainda, a partir dos resultados dos obtidos, também, foi possível perceber falhas no modelo que necessitam ser ajustadas para as próximas etapas da pesquisa.+++++Accessibility in education of blind people is a right that must be fulfilled. Considering that information design aims to transmit an information in an effective way to the receiver, and that a static image needs to be adapted so that a blind student can have access to this visual content, it is proposed a way to translate the visual information to the tactile sense. The purpose of this paper is to present a translating model of static two-dimensional images into three-dimensional tactile images. First, it starts from a brief literature review aboutblindness, tactile perception and tactile images. Second, it presents the translating model in three sections: (1) literature recommendations; (2) structure and (3) finished model for testing. Then, it describes the tests with the model and two designers with digital modelling abilities (potential users). As a result from the tests, two distinct models were obtained, one using elevation and other using textures, although, both participants successfully made the intended task. Also from the test results, it was possible to perceive flaws on the model that need to be adjusted for the next steps of the research.
Representação Gráfica: uma abordagem crítica sobre as teorias de representação e percepção de Gombrich e Arnheim no contexto do design gráfico | Graphic representation: A critical approach about the theories of representation and perception of Gombrich and Arnheim in the context of graphic design
Authors: Chromiec Estêvão Lucas Eler , Beccari Marcos Namba
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar criticamente duas teorias de representação no contexto do design gráfico: a teoria da percepção visual de Rudolph Arnheim e a teoria da ilusão de Ernst Hans Gombrich. A abordagem crítica adotada é a pós-estruturalista, que busca revisar os discursos tornando claros os pressupostos neutros, enunciados como naturais e universais. Para tal, apresentamos alguns conceitos da crítica pós-estruturalista, e então revisamos as bases teóricas dos autores citados. Essa revisão sustenta a proposição de um quadro comparativo que explicita os pressupostos neutros presentes nos autores pesquisados. Dessa forma, o artigo busca contribuir com as reflexões críticas a respeito das teorias de representação e percepção no design gráfico.*****The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate two theories of representation in the field of graphic design: the theory of visual perception by Rudolf Arnheim and the theory of illusion by Ernst Hans Gombrich. The critical approach chosen is the post-structuralism, that revises the discourses making clear to understand the universal and natural assumptions. For this, we go deeper into the base concepts of post-structuralism critique and, then, in the theoretical bases of the authors reviewed. This approach culminates in the proposition of a comparative framework that explains more clearly the universal assumptions in the selected authors. In this way, this article intends to contribute with reflections to the theories of representation and perception in the graphic design.
Otto Neurath e o legado do ISOTYPE
Authors: Lima Ricardo Cunha
Published: December 2020

O trabalho de Otto Neurath (1882-1945) e sua equipe, atravs do ISOTYPE (International System of TYpographic Picture Education), influenciaram profundamente o design de informao. Nesse artigo procuro descrever a trajetria de eventos que levaram Neurath a criar o ISOTYPE, para poder analisar o legado do ISOTYPE nos pictogramas e na infografia jornalstica. Esse legado no se limitou Europa e EUA, isso demonstrado atravs de exemplos da influencia do ISOTYPE no Brasil. [ Download ]
Pinart e Balonchard, Fundidores de Tipo no Rio de Janeiro Oitocentista
Authors: Lima Edna Lucia Cunha
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata dos primeiros fundidores de tipo comerciais no Rio de Janeiro no sculo XIX, Pierre Joseph Pinart e Isaac Balonchard. A pesquisa foi realizada consultando-se a Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro ( jornais e almanaques anuais), e o Arquivo Nacional (registros de entradas de estrangeiros no pas). [ Download ]
Conceptualización de un Modelo de Estrategia Nacional 'Bosques para Ecuador', en el marco de la Política Forestal Internacional
Authors: Coronel Carvajal Jessica Estefanía
Published: December 2020

Las políticas son parte del fortalecimiento de una buena gobernanza forestal. A nivelinternacional, regional y nacional se trabajan diferentes iniciativas con objetivos con metas e indicadoresen busca del desarrollo sostenible. Este trabajo busca identificar los principales elementos para laconstrucción conceptual de una Estrategia Sostenible de Bosques que permita la gestión forestal paratodos los tipos de bosque en beneficio de las generaciones presentes y futuras.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Martins Lauber S.
Published: December 2020

O editorial de Thermal Engineering deste número continua a discussão sobre as necessidades de pesquisa científica em áreas vitais em que a engenharia térmica tem participação destacada. O objetivo principal é o de motivar os leitores, dentro de suas especialidades, a identificar possíveis assuntos para sua pesquisa futura. Relatórios de Desenvolvimento Humano de 2020 publicados pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas apresenta o ranking dos países de acordo com o seus respectivos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (Human Development Index – HDI). Comparando os dados destes relatórios com os dados de consumo de eletricidade per capita por país apresentado pela Agência Internacional de Energia (International Energy Agency – IEA), podemos notar que países com alto Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano também são países com alto consumo de eletricidade per capita. A conclusão que podemos tirar desta comparação é que o nível de desenvolvimento de um país está relacionado com a quantidade de energia que este gera e consome. Essa conclusão apresenta um grande desafio aos cientistas de energia, como gerar a energia necessária para o desenvolvimento de uma nação. É bem verdade que esta questão é ampla e não tão simplista como parece ser, mas está, de alguma forma relacionada com o centro das pesquisas sobre energia e demostra sua relevancia e impactos sociais.  Muitos recursos intelectuais e financeiros têm sido usados em pesquisa de energia com o objetivo de aumentar a quantidade de energia disponívelvindas de diversar fontes e também na otimização de sistemas energéticos em que se procura a melhor configuração do sistema para melhor performance e mínimo consumo de energia. Esta discussão tem a intenção de enfatizar a importância da Engenharia Térmicano desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, persuadir leitores a se engajarem na aprendizagem sobre o tema e encorajá-los a abordarem esses desafios como uma forma de beficiar a sociedade com o seus progressos científicos. A missão de Thermal Engineering é a de documentar o progresso científico em áreas relacionadas à engenharia térmica (e.g., energia, petróleo, combustíveis renováveis). Nós estamos confiantes que continuaremos a receber submissões de artigos que contribuam para o progresso da ciência.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN TETRADESMUS OBLIQUUS
Authors: Nishimura T. , Rampi M. G. , Martins L. S. , Vieira R. B. , Vargas J. V. C. , Mariano A. B.
Published: December 2020

The ever growing demand of energy generation and distribution has been one of the concerns of governments and the focus of research institutions.  Likewise, how to supply the energy demands necessary for the development of nations having the lowest environmental impact possible has also been studied. Biofuels have been pointed out as an alternative for that energy challenge, since their use reduce the carbon footprint of industries and vehicles. Biofuels can be obtained from microalgae with the advantage of not competing for space with corn, sugar cane or other crops for food industry. Even though attractive, the biofuel production from microalgae presents some challenges, as for example the separation process required to obtain microalgae biomass. The culture is very diluted and the dewatering must be efficient, low cost and cause no damage to the cell. With the intent to address this issue, the herein paper presents a study of an alternative way to increase flocculation efficiency according to the temperature of the culture with the potential to improve the filtration efficiency in a continuous process. An increasing in the flocculation temperature from 20°C to 60°C increased the flocculation efficiency from 97.79% to 98.64%, using ferric chloride as a flocculant agent.
VARIABILITY IN PRICES OF LAMB MEAT IN AUSTRIA AND POLAND
Authors: Rokicki Tomasz , Ringdorfer Ferdinand , Perkowska Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

The main objective of the study was to present the price volatility of lamb carcasses in Austria and Poland and an attempt to indicate existing regularities. The article presents prices of lamb carcasses obtained for heavy lambs (live weight 23-40 kg). The sources of materials are data from the European Commission and EUROSTAT. The research period covered the years 2007-2019. For the analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular, graphic methods, dynamics indices with a constant and variable basis, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were used. In Austria, lamb meat prices were definitely higher than in Poland, but also more stable, both on an annual and monthly basis. Seasonal price fluctuations have occurred in both countries. The highest prices occurred in the winter months and the lowest in the summer. The reason was the seasonality of production and consumption. Changes in lamb carcass prices have followed the same direction as changes in the economy. In the case of population, negative correlations were found in Poland, which can be considered consistent with the laws of economics. In Austria, however, positive relationships were found for this parameter.
FARM CONSOLIDATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF INTERNALIZING EXTERNALITIES IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Pajewski Tomasz
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the issue of internalising external effects arising during agricultural production. An example was the account of an agritourism farm and a swine farm. Using the Edgeworth box concept, difficulties in establishing a market equilibrium without precisely established property rights are presented. The aim of the study was to indicate a possible solution to the problem of negative external effects. It was indicated that the internalization of unfavorable phenomena resulting from agricultural production may take place across farms. The rationality of such a solution was documented using the profit maximization functions of separate and post-merger farms. In a newly established entity, in order to maximize the benefits of pig production and the offered accommodation places, the factors increasing the emission of odor to the atmosphere should be limited to a socially acceptable level. The theoretical nature of the presented possibilities of limiting the adverse effects of agricultural production for society may take on real shape. The currently observed direction of changes in agriculture towards the creation of farms with an increasing area allows to suppose that a certain amount of negative externalities will be limited, and therefore the social costs of production will partially be reduced. It is difficult to indicate specific values, e.g. reduced social costs, but it is important that the direction of changes is socially desirable.
Food and Nutrition Security in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania): Status, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: N.I. Lokuruka Michael
Published: December 2020

Achieving food and nutrition security remains a tall order for developing countries. The FAO, IFPRI, WFP, UNICEF and other international bodies continue to provide active support in order to achieve global food and nutrition security. However, low technological capability, inefficient production, insignificant economic growth, increasing populations and lately climate variability, affect food production, leading to either stagnation or modest gains in food and nutrition security in different regions of the World. For African countries, food and nutrition security continues to improve, albeit at a slow pace, although the recent breakout of COVID-19 is bound to lead to a decline in food production, in the short and mid-term. In the East African Community, political stability, ambitious economic planning, the quest for higher agricultural productivity, improving educational achievement, improving sanitation and health, are contributing to the improving food and nutrition security. To hasten the process, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania embraced Vision 2030, Vision 2040 and Vision 2025, respectively. These grand, socio-economic plans bore Vision 2050 in the East African Community and Vision 2063 for the African Union. This chapter examines food and nutrition security in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, and provides country-specific recommendations for achieving it. These include investing in agriculture, decelerating population growth, using adaptive research to solve farmer-problems, strengthening farmer-organizations and the formation of cooperatives.
Du côté de chez la nomade. La femme gitane : mythe, photographie et auto(re)présentation
Authors: Alba Pagán Ester , Vasileva Ivanova Aneta
Published: December 2020

L’article reflet une longue recherche sur la représentation sociale des gitanas (o romi espagnoles). L’un de nos outils d’analyse est la photographie dans le cadre de ses relations avec le régime de la politique visuelle préétablie. Dans ce cas, nous enquêtons sur la manière de construire l’image de l’Altérité faite par des artistes français qui ont visité l’Espagne plus ou moins impliqués dans le paradigme exotique. Plus tard, quelques tendances plastiques plus expérimentales ont essayé d’autres types de regard, non sans des difficultés. Le deuxième paramètre que nous avons utilisé était la réponse auto-représentative des femmes gitanes contemporaines. Nous avons développé et mené une série d’entretiens avec des représentantes de diverses organisations romani en Espagne (Valence). Il s’agit de femmes engagées dans la revisón critique de nombreux déterminants de leur vie. Leur réponses au sujet des deux fondements de la représentation, le langage et l’image, nous ont apportées une aide inestimable et de nombreuses surprises.
Subversions des genres et désirs non normatifs dans l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel
Authors: Tremblais Mathilde
Published: December 2020

Cet article propose de s’intéresser à l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel, une écrivaine belge contemporaine qui met en scène dans ses récits des désirs subversifs et des sexualités non normées. Le domaine de la littérature intime dans lequel l’auteure inscrit ses textes ainsi que le narratif qui sert d’espace performatif du genre seront étudiés. Une réflexion sera accordée à la construction du corps androgyne dont s’est dotée Nathalie Gassel et qui conditionne l’écriture qu’elle pratique. Cet article aborde les problématiques que le transgenre suscite chez l’auteure et a comme objectif de mettre en relief les représentations inédites du désir et les affections non normatives qui confèrent sa singularité à l’œuvre de Nathalie Gassel.
Traversées féminines de l’Atlantique noir, dans des œuvres de Fabienne Kanor et de Léonora Miano
Authors: Unter Ecker Marjolaine
Published: December 2020

Fabienne Kanor et Léonora Miano, auteures afro-descendantes d’expression française, explorent dans leurs œuvres l’Atlantique noir (Gilroy, 1993). Celui-ci dépasse les frontières traditionnellement établies, puisque s’y produisent de nombreuses circulations et que les identités et les cultures qui s’y déploient se définissent par l’hybridité ; aussi, on peut s’interroger sur les capacités émancipatrices que cet espace propose pour les catégories de races et de genres. C’est ce que cet article se propose d’étudier, à travers une étude littéraire portant sur un corpus constitué d’un recueil de textes pour la scène, Red in blue trilogie (Miano, 2015) et d’un roman, Humus (Kanor, 2006). Ceux-ci re-localisent les discours historiques sur l’esclavage, notamment en les ancrant dans les récits des vécus et des expériences intimes de personnages féminins, participant de ce fait du projet de « contre-culture de la modernité » qu’est celui de l’Atlantique noir.
L’histoire de Juan: archives orales et performance
Authors: Bourcier Sam
Published: December 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux rapports entre archive et performance à partir des performances des travailleur·e·s du sexe. Il montre comment l’auto-archive prend une dimension collective et communicationnelle à partir d’une performance réalisée par Juan Florian Silva et Koriangelis Brawns au festival du SNAP qui s’est déroulé à Paris en 2019. Cet usage de la performance participe d’un remembering actif plutôt que de la simple mémoire. Il est incarné, performatif et collectif. Il brise avec la chaîne de production de l’archive traditionnelle. Il permet la création d’archives en boucles et la multiplication des circuits de diffusion et de production d’archives, de foyers d’archives sans se confondre avec les politiques de la visibilité unidimensionnelle des années 90.
Groundwater features in Hoedh el Chargui, Mauritania
Authors: Caselle Chiara , Lasagna Manuela , Bonetto Sabrina Maria Rita , De Luca Domenico Antonio , Bechis Stefano
Published: December 2020

The Hodh el Chargui, a region located in the south-east of the Mauritania at 1000 km to the capital city of Nouakchott, is one of the poorer and remoter areas of the country. It is characterised by hard and in rural environment. Farmers and agro-pastoralists are the main economic actors and completely depend on natural resources. A specific project entitled “Reducing Agro-pastoral Vulnerability and Improving Resilience in Hodh el Chargui”, funded by European Union, has been implemented in the Program “Institutional Strengthening in Mauritania towards Agricultural and Pastoral Resilience (RIMRAP)”. The aims of the project are the strengthening of the resilience of Hodh el Chargui communities and the reduction of their vulnerability to crisis, assuring access to natural resources and their sustainable use. In particular, the water resource is fundamental to assure the development of the traditional agricultural and pastoral activities and guarantee proper health conditions. The present study reports the results obtained from a census of the well in the Hodh el Chargui, their distribution in the region and the main features of groundwater resource.
Review on the Bio-insecticidal Properties of Some Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Formulations, Modes of Action, Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Boate Ukoroije, Rosemary , Abalis Otayor, Richard
Published: December 2020

Bio-pesticides are biological derived agents that are usually applied in a manner similar to synthetic pesticides but achieve pest management in an environmental friendly way. Bioinsecticides have the advantages of been reportedly eco-friendly both to man and the environment, are target specific, lack problem of residue, least persistent in environment, locally available, easily processed and inexpensive, though with the limitation of requiring repeated applications for the achievement of optimal control of insect pests while enhancing crop protection. The mode of action of bioinsecticides on insects includes repellent action, antifeedant activity, oviposition deterrent properties, growth and development inhibition, toxicity, attractants, sterility and death. Hence, bioinsecticides can be included in integrated pest management programs for crop protection and insect pest control. The review on biopesticidal properties of some plant secondary metabolites in the leaves, stems, bark, fruits, flowers, cloves, rhizomes, grains and seeds of plants and their interference with the growth, feeding, reproduction of insect pestsfor pest management has been elaborated.
Non‐Bonding 1,4‐Sulphur‐Oxygen Interaction Governs the Reactivity of α‐Ketothioesters in Triphenylphosphine‐Catalyzed Cyclization with Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Bankura Abhijit , Saha Jayanta , Maity Rajib , Das Indrajit
Published: December 2020

α‐Ketothioesters undergo triphenylphosphine (PPh3)‐catalyzed cyclization with acetylenedicarboxylate esters smoothly, in contrast to α‐ketooxoesters which require more drastic conditions with the limited substrate scope. The reaction works well with a wide range of α‐ketothioesters, delivering highly functionalized α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactones in moderate to excellent yields. The higher reactivity of the thioester derivatives is seemingly due to a favourable intramolecular non‐bonding electrostatic 1,4‐interaction involving C−S σ* orbital on the sulphur atom and the lone pair of electrons in the electron‐donating oxygen atom. This is apparent from the X‐ray crystallographically determined internuclear distance between the sulphur and ketone (C=O) oxygen atoms (2.71–2.85 Å), which is significantly less than the sum of their van der Waals radii (3.25–3.30 Å). The substitution on the S atom is oriented diametrically away from the ketone O atom to maximize the interaction between them. The trend is also seen in the 1,4‐S⋅⋅⋅O contact between the S and furan O atoms (2.70 Å) in the γ‐butyrolactone products.

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Formation of FeOOH Nanosheets Induces Substitutional Doping of CeO2−x with High‐Valence Ni for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Yu Jun , Wang Jian , Long Xia , Chen Lei , Cao Qi , Wang Jian , Qiu Chen , Lim Jongwoo , Yang Shihe
Published: December 2020

Transition metal elements such as Ni in high oxidation states can promote oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, but it is difficult to prepare dispersed Ni3+ or even Ni4+ species under mild conditions. Herein, a one‐step synthesis of high‐valence nickel‐doped CeO2−x covered with FeOOH nanosheets in the presence of Ni2+/Fe3+ is reported. A series of ex situ and in situ experiments reveal the etching effect on ceria of the H+ species from the hydrolysis of Fe3+, which induces substitutional doping of Ni2+ ions into the etched sites and their further oxidation to the high‐valance Ni3+/Ni4+ by coupling to the Ce4+/Ce3+ pair in the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich CeO2−x. Concomitantly, Fe3+ is deposited on the surface of ceria as FeOOH nanosheets. The dispersed high‐valent Ni3+/Ni4+ coupled with the decorated FeOOH nanosheets on CeO2−x leads to efficient OER electrocatalysis with a low overpotential of 195 mV cm−2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.99 s−1, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge represents the best Ce‐containing OER catalyst reported to date, and comparable to other top OER catalysts. This work opens an avenue for engineering high‐valence metal ions in an oxide matrix for the OER or other oxidation reactions.
Visible‐Light Responsive TiO2‐Based Materials for Efficient Solar Energy Utilization
Authors: Zhang Wei , He Haili , Li Haoze , Duan Linlin , Zu Lianhai , Zhai Yunpu , Li Wei , Wang Lianzhou , Fu Honggang , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: December 2020

The photocatalytic properties of TiO2 have aroused a broad range of research interest since 1972 due to its abundance, chemical stability, and easily available nature. To increase its overall activity, in the past few decades, much effort has been devoted to the fabrication of advanced TiO2‐based photocatalysts with visible‐light response and these photocatalysts have shown great potential in the field of solar energy utilization. Here, recent progress in the investigation of visible‐light responsive TiO2‐based materials are reviewed. Notably, the fabrication strategies and corresponding chemical/physical properties of visible‐light responsive TiO2‐based materials are described in detail, with a focus on bandgap engineering and junction engineering from the perspective of light absorption, charge transfer and separation, and surface reactions. Their applications in solar‐fuel production, organic synthesis, bacterial disinfection, pollutant degradation and nitrogen fixation are also discussed. Moreover, the new trends and ongoing challenges in this field are proposed and highlighted.
Sustainable Li‐Ion Batteries: Chemistry and Recycling
Authors: Piątek Jędrzej , Afyon Semih , Budnyak Tetyana M. , Budnyk Serhiy , Sipponen Mika H. , Slabon Adam
Published: December 2020

The commercial breakthrough of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the 1990s irrevocably shaped today's energy storage landscape, but the disposed batteries represent a growing hazard to the environment. One may initially assume that recycling processes are commendable technologies to ensure a counterbalance to LIBs manufacturing. However, the question remains whether current state‐of‐the‐art in LIBs recycling technologies can be considered as green. This problem is due to the application of toxic chemicals or the in situ generation of harmful substances during the recycling process. Besides the potential toxicity, current solutions are accompanied with intense energy consumption, causing carbon dioxide emissions, in disagreement with the circular economy principles. This review provides a critical assessment of both published research articles and patents to derive a broad picture on the sustainability of LIBs recycling technologies. Although the efficiency of industrially applied recycling technologies can exhibit a high overall efficiency, their general process design is generally based on waste reduction and downcycling. Contrariwise, sustainable recycling of LIBs should rely on circular processes ensuring upcycling of all materials toward zero waste and minimized energy utilization. Current solutions and expected development in LIBs recycling are presented, ranging from dismantling over components separation to application of bioderived materials.
Exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jafari Aria , von Sneidern Manuela , Lehmann Ashton E. , Shen Sarek A. , Shishido Sachie , Freitag Suzanne K. , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: December 2020

Background

The Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) classification system was developed to standardize prospective outcome analysis following orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) resection. The goal of this study was to retroactively apply the CHEER system to all prior existing reports of endoscopic resection of primary benign orbital tumors (BOTs) to: (1) compare patient presentations, perioperative characteristics, and outcomes between OCH and other BOTs; and (2) determine whether the CHEER categorization regime could be expanded to other BOTs.

Methods

A systematic review of studies reporting exclusively endoscopic resections of OCH and other BOTs (eg, solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma, and meningioma) was performed. Patient, tumor characteristics, and operative outcomes were recorded. All tumors with adequate reporting were retrospectively assigned a CHEER stage. Outcomes were compared using chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests.

Results

Ninety‐three studies met inclusion criteria, and sufficient data were available in 36 studies, comprising 105 tumors (n = 87 OCHs; n = 18 other BOTs). Baseline patient and tumor characteristics, as well as intraoperative and short‐term postoperative outcomes were not significantly different between OCHs and other BOTs. Long‐term outcomes (eg, visual deficits, diplopia, eye position, and recurrence) also did not differ when controlling for CHEER stage.

Conclusion

This review represents the largest collection of outcomes data following exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of BOTs. Short‐term and long‐term outcomes appear similar between OCHs and other BOTs. These results suggest that exclusively endoscopic resection of orbital tumors may be effective in a range of benign pathologies. Furthermore, these results support a broader application of the CHEER system to other benign primary orbital tumors.