bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE OLEH AKTINOMISET MENGGUNAKAN FROND SAGU
Authors: Nompo Sumarni , Meryandini Anja , Sunarti Titi Candra
Published: May 2020

Fround Sagu adalah pucuk batang sagu yang masih dibungkus oleh pelepah dan tidak diamnfaatkan oleh industri pengolahan sagu. Fround sagu memiliki kandungan serat dengan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi serta berpotensi dijadikan bahan baku untuk produksi selulase. Enzim selulase diproduksi melalui kultivasi substrat cair frond sagu oleh Aktinomiset. Subtart berupa tepung sagu dan ampas frond sagu, diinokulasi oleh isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ5 (4b). Kedua isolat diremajakan dalam medium ISP-4 selama 5 hari, kemudian diinokulasikan ke dalam media tepung frond sagu dan ampas frond dan diinkubasi dalam shaker pada suhu runag selama 9 hari. Kedua isolat Aktinomiset mampu menghasilkan enzim selulase pada kedua substrat dan metode kultivasi. Isolat HJ4 (3b) dan HJ4 (5b) pada perlakuan kultivasi substrat padat ampas frond sagu menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik yaitu endoglukase (CMCase) tertinggi yaitu 0.314 U mg-1 dan 0.294 U mg-1 dan aktivitas spesifik enzim eksoglukanase (FPase) yaitu 0.269 U mg-1 dan 0.258 U mg-1, sedangkan pada perlakuan kultivasi substat padat menggunakan tepung frond sagu dihasilkan aktivitas spesifik endoglukanase masing-masing sebesar 0.258 U mg-1 dan 0.254 U mg-1 serta aktivitas spesifik eksoglukanase 0.205 U mg-1 dan 0.198 U mg-1.

 

Production of Cellulase Enzyme by Actinomycet Using Sago Frond

Sago frond is the upper part of sago trunk which is still wrapped by leaflet, and is not used by the sago processing industry. Sago frond contains fiber with high cellulose content that could potentially be used by as raw material for cellulase production. Cellulase enzymes were produced through both solid-state and submerged cultivation of sago frond by Actinomicycetes. Two substrates, sago frond flour and pulp of sago fronds, were inoculated by isolate HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b). Both isolates were rejuvenated in Sp-4 medium for 5 days, then were inoculated into substrate of frond flour and hampas, and were incubated in a shaker at room temperature for 9 days. Both Actinomycetes isolates were able to produce cellulase enzymes by using both substrates and cultivation methods. The isolates of HJ4 (3b) and HJ4 (5b) by using pulp and solid-state cultivation produced the highest endoglucanase (CMCase) specific activity of 0.294 U mg-1 and 0.276 U mg-1 and exoglucanase (FPase) substrate specific activity os 0.252 U mg-1 and 0.241 U mg-1, while in the solid-state cultivation and by using sago fronds flour resulted in specific endoglucanase activities which were 0.242 U mg-1 and 0.238 U mg-1 and exoglucanase specific activities 0.192 U mg-1 and 0.185 U mg-1, respectively.
Uso de internet, consumo de alcohol y funcionalidad familiar en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: Cortaza-Ramírez Leticia , Blanco-Enríquez Francisca , Hernández-Cortaza Brenda Alicia , Lugo-Ramírez Lizeth Alejandra , Beverido Sustaeta Paulina , Salas Betzaida , De San Jorge-Cárdenas Xóchitl
Published: May 2020

La familia es un factor psicosocial importante para evitar ofavorecer tanto el consumo de alcohol como el usoproblemático de la Internet en adolescentes, por lo quese realizó un estudio que analiza la relación entre estastres variables en estudiantes inscritos en una secundariadel estado de Veracruz. Método. Estudio con abordajecuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional,utilizando un muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado enel que participaron 252 adolescentes, a los que seaplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet, AUDIT y APGARfamiliar. Resultados. Las adolescentes muestran mayoruso problemático (39.8%) que adictivo (5.8%) de laInternet; el consumo de alcohol con patrón de riesgoafecta al 4.4% de los participantes mientras que elperjudicial al 1.2% y 15.4% resultó con una funcionalidadfamiliar baja. Existe relación entre el uso de Internet y elconsumo de alcohol r = .181 (p = .0001), y entre el uso deInternet y la funcionalidad familiar r = -.281 (p = .0001), loque coincide con resultados reportados en otros países.Uno de los hallazgos de esta investigación fue que lasmujeres presentaron un mayor uso de Internet yconsumo de alcohol además de reportar una mayorproporción de baja funcionalidad familiar respecto de loshombres.
Embarazo y alcohol: conocimientos, actitudes y opiniones de los profesionales sanitarios
Authors: Charro Baena Belén Charro , Rivas Olivera Ainara , Xavier Maria Raul
Published: May 2020

El consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo representa un importante riesgo para el feto y es una de las principales causas de los Trastornos del Espectro Alcoholico Fetal. Objetivos. Explorar el conocimiento, actitudes y opiniones de los profesionales sanitarios sobre el uso de alcohol durante el embarazo. Método. Estudio cualitativo transversal basado en un enfoque fenoménológico. Realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 24 profesionales sanitarios. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en Hospitales de sanidad pública de la Comunidad de Madrid. Análisis categórico e interpretativo de contenido con ayuda del programa QSR-NVIVO v.11. Resultados. Se detecta cierto desconocimiento de las recomendaciones oficiales y de los Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal, aunque se identifica el consumo de riesgo y las consecuencias para el feto. Diversidad de pautas a las gestantes sobre el consumo. No se suele incidir en la ingesta de alcohol en las entrevistas de seguimiento. Algunas gestantes minusvaloran el consumo. Propuesta de medidas para mejorar las acciones preventivas y la comunicación entre profesional y paciente. Conclusiones. Necesidad de incrementar la formación en los profesionales sanitarios sobre el consumo de alcohol, sus repercusiones durante el embarazo y sobre las Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal para que pueda mejorar la prevención.
Trayectoria criminal, personalidad y consumo de drogas en mujeres chilenas
Authors: Valdivia-Devia Mauricio Jose , Oyanedel Juan Carlos , Aluja Fabregat Anton
Published: May 2020

La mayor participación de mujeres en la comisión de delitos, especialmente violentos, ha impulsado la necesidad de incrementar la investigación destinada a comprender este tipo de delincuencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la relación que existe entre el consumo de alcohol y drogas, ciertas dimensiones de la trayectoria criminal y rasgos de personalidad, en un grupo de 412 mujeres recluidas en centros penitenciarios chilenos. La investigación es no experimental, ex-post-facto y pseudo prospectiva. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia del consumo de alcohol de 24.8% y de 47.3% para las drogas. El consumo de alcohol y drogas, y los problemas derivados del consumo, incrementan significativamente el riesgo de inicio temprano en el delito, alta reincidencia y la participación en delitos violentos. Las facetas de personalidad predicen adecuadamente el tiempo que las mujeres se mantienen consumiendo drogas y alcohol, la edad de inicio del consumo de drogas, la duración de la carrera criminal y la edad del primer delito. La existencia de diferencias individuales que incrementan el riesgo de adicciones y determinadas dimensiones de una trayectoria criminal, hacen posible la adopción de intervenciones tempranas, adaptadas a las necesidades particulares de estas mujeres.
La adicción a las redes sociales: validación de un instrumento en el contexto mexicano
Authors: Valencia-Ortiz Rubicelia , Cabero-Almenara Julio
Published: May 2020

Las redes sociales online se han convertido en una de las herramientas básicas de comunicación e interacción entre las personas, pero también poseen una serie de limitaciones entre las que se encuentra la adicción que puede desarrollarse respecto a ellas. Las personas afectadas pueden mostrar una serie de problemas, entre los que se encuentran dificultades de flexibilidad cognitiva para la toma de decisiones, olvido de la realización de ciertas actividades o conflictos en la concentración, entre otros. Objetivos. Validar y adaptar al contexto mexicano la escala de adicción a las redes sociales de Sahin (2018), “Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form”. Método. Se aplicó la escala adaptada a 17,600 estudiantes de la preparatoria mexicana. Para su validación se siguieron estas etapas: análisis factorial exploratorio, reducción sucesiva de ítems hasta la perfecta factorización, análisis factorial confirmatorio para probar la estructura del modelo de factores obtenido, elaboración de un análisis factorial confirmatorio de primero y segundo orden, y obtención para su validación y análisis de su consistencia interna. Conclusión. Se obtuvo un alto índice de fiabilidad y los ítems se aglutinaron alrededor de cuatro factores: problemas, satisfacción, obsesión por estar informado y necesidad/obsesión por estar conectado.
Escalas que evalúan barreras y recursos ambientales para buscar ayuda en universitarios que beben alcohol
Authors: Salazar Garza Martha Leticia , Pantoja Valenciano Jessica Andrea , Vacio Muro Ma. de los Angeles , Ramírez García José Arturo , Jurado Cárdenas Samuel
Published: May 2020

Los estudios realizados con universitarios que beben alcohol muestran la necesidad de identificar las variables que dificultan o promueven la búsqueda de ayuda. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar dos escalas que evalúan las barreras y los recursos ambientales para la búsqueda de ayuda, en jóvenes universitarios mexicanos que consumen alcohol en exceso. Se trabajó con 437 estudiantes con edad promedio de 19.85 años, consumidores de alcohol en exceso, mediante un diseño instrumental. Los reactivos se analizaron mediante pruebas t de Student para muestras independientes, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y el índice de alfa de cronbach. La escala de barreras quedo compuesta por 9 reactivos en tres factores (α=.86): estándar de moralidad, ausencia de soporte social por parte de padres y, estigma social y ausencia de soporte social por parte de pares. La escala de recursos se integró por 12 reactivos en cuatro factores (α= .84): sistemas de salud y soporte social, consecuencias negativas, rechazo de padres y amigos y, rechazo de padres y pareja. La confiabilidad para la escala de barreras fue de .86 y para la de recursos de .84. En conclusión se obtuvieron dos escalas con adecuadas características psicométricas para emplearse con estudiantes universitarios mexicanos.
Modo de autoconcepto en una adulta con diabetes durante las prevejez: un estudio de caso
Authors: Medina Fernández Isaí Arturo , Navarro Oliva Edna Idalia Paulina , Chi Uitz Aridahi Yazmin , Yam Sosa Antonio Vicente , Carrillo Cervantes Ana Laura , Esparza González Sandra Cecilia
Published: May 2020

El ser mujer y vivir con diabetes ocasiona un impacto en la adaptación de la enfermedad; el modelo de adaptación de Roy señala el modo de autoconcepto como aspecto psicosocial de cómo se percibe la persona dentro del ambiente, provocando respuestas que puede influir con determinadas variables personales y clínicas. Objetivo. Describir el modo de adaptación de autoconcepto en una mujer en etapa de prevejez con diabetes tipo 2. Metodología. Estudio de caso único con abordaje fenomenológico. Se realizó una entrevista semistructurada; el análisis fue mediante la “Propuesta Fenomenológico de los Datos Obtenidos en la Entrevista”; el nivel adaptación del autoconcepto (NAA) se identificó con el instrumento VIVEROS03. Resultados. Participante con 52 años, y 20 años viviendo con diabetes. El NAA identificado fue nivel integrado. En el proceso de la enfermedad se manifestó problemas de aceptación, afrontamiento, afectación física y preocupaciones que influyen en el autoconcepto. El yo físico se constituyó por la percepción y sensación de la imagen corporal; el yo personal por el apoyo espiritual, autocuidado ideal, yo consciente y el deber ser. Conclusiones. Estos aspectos representan áreas de interés y oportunidad para enfermería, para un abordaje humanizado, integral y con énfasis en aspectos psicológico.
Regulación emocional y uso problemático de las redes sociales en adolescentes: el papel de la sintomatología depresiva
Authors: Gracia Granados Beatriz , Quintana-Orts Cirenia Luz , Rey Peña Lourdes
Published: May 2020

En la actualidad, el uso problemático de las redes sociales es considerado un factor de riesgo para la salud mental de los adolescentes debido a las consecuencias negativas presentes en el funcionamiento psicosocial. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio era conocer la relación entre la regulación emocional y el uso problemático de las redes sociales, así como el papel mediador de la depresión. Método. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio correlacional en una muestra de 884 adolescentes de Educación Secundaria en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Se administraron los instrumentos auto-informados WLEIS, DASS y SMAQ para evaluar las variables regulación emocional, depresión y uso problemático de las redes sociales, respectivamente. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una relación negativa entre regulación emocional y uso problemático de las redes sociales y un papel mediador parcial de la depresión en esta relación. Conclusiones. De acuerdo a los resultados, se sugiere que los déficits en regulación emocional podrían ser un factor antecedente del uso problemático de las redes sociales, subyaciendo como mecanismo explicativo de esta relación la presencia de sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes. Se discuten las evidencias empíricas encontradas y su relación en intervenciones clínicas con adolescentes.
Alcohol drinking in pregnant women from an Argentinian city
Authors: Lichtenberger Aldana , Conde Karina , Peltzer Raquel Inés , Biscarra María Ayelén , Gonzáles Santiago , Cremonte Mariana
Published: May 2020

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy might lead to detrimental consequences to the mother and fetus, being Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) the most severe. In many Latin-American countries, there is a paucity of information about prenatal exposure to alcohol. Aim. To estimate alcohol drinking in pregnant women and describe it concerning sociodemographic characteristics. Method. Data were collected from a random sample of women attending the public health care system (N=852) in 2016. Alcohol drinking, including binge drinking (BD), was evaluated before and after pregnancy recognition. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results. While pregnant, two out of ten women reported drinking. Moreover, 2% engaged in BD and 3% presented indicators of alcohol dependence. BD before pregnancy was related to drinking during pregnancy and frequency, quantity, and BD before pregnancy with BD during pregnancy. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption in pregnant women was higher than the estimated for most Latin-American countries, and of the considered characteristics, was almost exclusively related to consumption patterns before pregnancy.
Phubbing, uso problemático de teléfonos móviles y de redes sociales en adolescentes y déficits en autocontrol
Authors: Álvarez Menéndez María , Moral Jiménez María de la Villa
Published: May 2020

En la sociedad digital se están desarrollando hábitos comunicativos que interfieren en los vínculos interpersonales de interacción cara a cara y que están asociados al uso de dispositivos móviles. Objetivos. Evaluar el uso problemático que los adolescentes realizan de sus teléfonos móviles y de las redes sociales y en qué medida esos usos/abusos predicen el fenómeno social del Phubbing. Asimismo, se pretende analizar las relaciones existentes entre este comportamiento y los déficits en autocontrol. Metodología. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia, se han seleccionado 285 estudiantes (167 chicas y 118 chicos) con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años (M = 15.73; DT = 1.204). Resultados. Se ha hallado una baja prevalencia de abuso del móvil por parte de los adolescentes y se ha confirmado que el uso problemático del teléfono móvil y de las redes sociales predicen el phubbing. Se ha comprobado que las chicas hacen  un mayor uso desadaptativo del teléfono móvil y de las redes sociales. También se constata una relación positiva entre el uso problemático de tales dispositivos y la conducta de phubbing asociado a los déficits en autocontrol. Conclusiones. Resulta necesario promover usos responsables de las TIC, así como de optimizar los recursos de interacción comunicativa de los adolescentes.
Implicaciones del consumo de drogas en el ajuste psicosocial de una muestra de adolescentes españoles
Authors: Rueda Aguilar Estrella Fátima
Published: May 2020

Numerosas investigaciones han estudiado las relaciones entre el consumo de drogas y los recursos personales, familiares y sociales de los adolescentes. Las relaciones encontradas resultan significativas, en el sentido de que cuantos más recursos tienen los adolescentes, menor es el consumo de drogas. Objetivo. Este estudio pretende profundizar en el estudio del ajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia y sus implicaciones en el consumo de drogas, para ello se analiza el carácter protector de los recursos personales y del contexto familiar y social. Método. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 532 adolescentes, 266 adolescentes consumidores de drogas y 266 adolescentes no consumidores de drogas. Resultados. Los adolescentes no consumidores de drogas presentan más recursos personales y mejor ajuste psicosocial, y muestran mayor estabilidad en las relaciones con su familia, ya que se comunican abiertamente con sus padres y madres, y perciben a sus familias unidas y afectuosas. Además a nivel social manifiestan mayores niveles de adaptación y una adecuada integración y participación comunitaria. Conclusiones. El ajuste psicosocial y la salud mental de los adolescentes se ve afectado en función del consumo de drogas.
Perspectives from primary health care providers on supporting adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions transitioning to adult care: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Schraeder Kyleigh , Dimitropoulos Gina , McBrien Kerry , Li Jessica (Yijia) , Samuel Susan
Published: May 2020

Background: Transitioning from pediatric care to adult-oriented care at age 18 (the age of transfer in most countries and jurisdictions) is a complex process for adolescents and young adults affected by chronic physical health and/or mental health conditions. The role of primary health care providers for this population is poorly understood. Perspectives from these providers, such as family physicians and other members of the primary care team, have not been explored in depth. Methods: A total of 18 participants (e.g., family physicians, social workers, nurses) were recruited from 6 Primary Care Networks in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, and transcribed verbatim. A qualitative description approach was used to analyze the data, and included thematic analysis. Results: Five distinct, yet overlapping, roles of primary health care providers for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care resulted from our analysis: (1) being the “common thread” (continuous accessible care); (2) caring for the “whole patient” (comprehensive care); (3) “knowing families” (family-partnered care); (4) “empowering” adolescents and young adults to develop “personal responsibility” (developmentally-appropriate care); and (5) “quarterbacking” care (coordination of specialist and/or community-based care). Participants identified potential benefits of these roles for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care, and barriers in practice (e.g., lack of time, having minimal involvement in pediatric care). Conclusions: Input from family physicians, who follow their patients across the lifespan and provide the majority of primary care in Canada, are critical for informing and refining recommended transition practices. Our findings provide insights, from PHC providers themselves, to bolster the rationale for primary care involvement during transitions from pediatric specialty and community-based care for AYAs. Solutions to overcome barriers for integrating primary care and specialty care for adolescents and young adults need to be identified, and tested, with input from key stakeholders.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Evaluation of high risk individuals, knowledge and associated factors among a representative sample of Lebanese adults
Authors: Choucair Aurélie , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Dagher Elissar
Published: May 2020

Background: To date, there has been no large population-based study about Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Lebanon. Our study evaluated high risk individuals, knowledge and associated factors of OSA among a representative sample of Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted between June and August 2019, enrolled 472 people aged above 18. A proportionate random sample from all Lebanese Governorate was applied. Each governorate is divided into Caza (stratum), which in turn is divided into multiple villages. Two villages were selected randomly from the list of villages provided by the Central Agency of Statistics in Lebanon. Households were randomly selected from each village using an online software.Results: The percentage of physician-diagnosed sleep apnea in our sample was 11%; 159 (33.7%) had poor knowledge (scores ≤11), whereas 165 (35.0%) and 148 (31.4%) had moderate (scores between 12 and 15) and good (scores ≥16) knowledge respectively. The study results showed that -according to the Epworth Scale- having diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and hypertension were associated with higher daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, mild, moderate and severe excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) percentages were 14.4%, 16.3% and 13.8% respectively. According to the STOP-BANG questionnaire, 31.6% of participants had an intermediate risk of OSA and 7.6% had a high risk. Diabetic patients and those with myocardial infarction were significantly associated with higher STOP BANG scores.Concerning knowledge, having heard about sleep apnea was associated with a higher knowledge score. Overall, 31.4% of the participants had a good score. Conclusion The actual study proves that EDS which has adverse health effects, is associated with multiple morbidities. Besides, the general population isn’t aware enough of this disease. Comparing the rate of high-risk individuals to the physician-diagnosed ones, we conclude that in Lebanon, OSA is likely prevalent but underdiagnosed. Ongoing health campaigns and screenings should be assigned to target the general community.
Brief Evidence-Based Interventions for Universal Child Health Services: a restricted evidence assessment of the literature
Authors: Newham James J , McLean Karen , Ginja Samuel , Hurt Lisa , Molloy Carly , Lingam Raghu , Goldfeld Sharon
Published: May 2020

Background: Universal child health services (UCHS) provide an important pragmatic platform for the delivery of universal and targeted interventions to support families and optimize child health outcomes. We aimed to identify brief, evidence-based interventions for common health and developmental problems that could be potentially implemented in UCHS. Methods: A restricted evidence assessment (REA) of electronic databases and grey literature was undertaken covering January 2006 to August 2019. Studies were eligible if (i) outcomes related to one or more of four areas: child social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB), infant sleep, home learning environment or parent mental health, (ii) a comparison group was used, (iii) universal or targeted intervention were delivered in non-tertiary settings, (iv) interventions did not last more than 4 sessions, and (v) children were aged between 2 weeks postpartum and 5 years at baseline. Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, three interventions could possibly be implemented at scale within UCHS platforms: (1) a universal child behavioural intervention which did not affect its primary outcome of infant sleep but improved parental mental health, (2) a universal screening programme which improved maternal mental health, and (3) a targeted child behavioural intervention which improved parent-reported infant sleep problems and parental mental health. Key lessons learnt include: (1) Interventions should impart the maximal amount of information within an initial session with future sessions reinforcing key messages, (2) Child SEWB Interventions should see the family as a holistic unit by considering the needs of parents with an emphasis on identification, triage and referral, and (3) Brief interventions may be more acceptable for stigmatized topics, but still entail considerable barriers that deter the most vulnerable. Conclusions: Delivery and evaluation of brief evidence-based interventions from a UCHS could lead to improved maternal and child health outcomes through a more responsive and equitable service. We recommend three interventions that meet our criteria of “best bet” interventions.
Migrants’ and refugees’ health status and healthcare in Europe: A scoping literature review
Authors: Lebano Adele , Hamed Sarah , Bradby Hannah , Gil-Salmerón Alejandro , Durá-Ferrandis Estella , Garcés-Ferrer Jorge , Azzedine Fabienne , Riza Elena , Karnaki Pania , Zota Dina , Linos Athena
Published: May 2020

Background There is increasing attention paid to the arrival of migrants from outwith the EU region to the European countries. Healthcare that is universally and equably accessible needs to be provided for these migrants throughout the range of national contexts and in response to complex and evolving individual needs. It is important to look at the evidence available on provision and access to healthcare for migrants to identify barriers to accessing healthcare and better plan necessary changes. Methods This review scoped seventy seven papers from nine European countries (Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain, and Sweden) in English and in country-specific languages in order to provide an overview of migrants’ access to healthcare. The review aims at identifying what is known about access to healthcare and healthcare use of migrants and refugees in the EU member states. The evidence included documents from 2011 onward. Results The literature reviewed confirms that despite the aspiration to ensure equality of access to healthcare, there is persistent inequalities between migrants and non-migrants in access to healthcare services. The evidence shows unmet healthcare needs, especially when it comes to mental and dental health as well as the existence of legal barriers in accessing healthcare. Language and communication barriers, overuse of emergency services and underuse of primary healthcare services as well as discrimination are described. Conclusions The European situation concerning migrants’ and refugees’ health status and access to healthcare is heterogenous and it is difficult to compare and draw any firm conclusions due to the scant evidence. Different diseases are prioritised by different countries, although these priorities do not always correspond to the expressed needs or priorities of the migrants. Mental healthcare, preventive care (immunization) and long term care in the presence of a growing migrant older population are identified as priorities that deserve greater attention. There is a need to improve the existing data on migrants’ health status, needs and access to healthcare to be able to tailor care to the needs of migrants. To conduct research that highlights migrants’ own views on their health and barriers to access to healthcare is key.
Raman and FT-IR Spectroscopy investigation the cellulose structural differences from bacteria Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans during the different regimes of cultivation on a molasses media
Authors: Atykyan Nelli , Revin Victor , Shutova Vitalina
Published: May 2020

Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used for investigation of structural differences of bacterial celluloses (BC), obtained by cultivation native and immobilized cells of Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans during static and dynamic regimes of cultivation on a molasses media. It was found that the Raman and FT-IR spectra could characterized the groups of the cellulose molecules. The culturing bacterial cellulose in the presence of results in an increase of crystalline and it increased during cultivated on a molasses media with the addition of 1.5% ethanol - 75.62%. The degree of BC crystallinity increased during dynamic regime of cultivation is higher than under static regime one. The maximal BC content was observed when 0.5% ascorbic acid was added to the cultivation medium with molasses and native cells. It was found, the degree of BC crystallinity during static regime cultivation on a molasses medium with ethanol, increased significantly to 73.5%, and during dynamic regime - 75.6%. So, in this study, the changes of the bacterial cellulose conformation of were revealed during bacterial cultivation in a medium containing molasses in various cultivation modes.
Identification of the molecular mechanism and diagnostic biomarkers in the thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum using metabolomics and transcriptomics
Authors: Li Jiahao , Yu Lingjia , Guo Shigong , Zhao Yu
Published: May 2020

Background: To establish a metabolite fingerprint of ossification of the thoracic ligamentum flavum (OTLF) patients using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in combination with transcriptomic data and explore the potential molecular mechanism of pathogenesis.Results: The study cohort was composed of 25 patients with OTLF and 23 healthy volunteers as a control group. 37 metabolites were identified out by UPLC-MS including uric acid and hypoxanthine. 9 metabolites, including uric acid and hypoxanthine, were found with a Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) score over 1 (p<0.05). Pathway enrichment indicated that purine metabolism pathways and the other four metabolism pathways were enriched. Transcriptomic data revealed that purine metabolism have a substantial change in gene expression of OTLF and that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is the key regulatory factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that 17 metabolites, including uric acid, were found with an AUC value of over 0.7. Conclusion: Uric acid might be the potential biomarker for OTLF and play an important role within the detailed pathway. XDH could affect purine metabolism by suppressing the expression of hypoxanthine and xanthine leading to low serum levels of uric acid in OTLF, which could be a focal point in developing new therapeutic methods for OTLF.
High uptake of 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-DCFPyL in the peritumoral area of rat gliomas due to activated astrocytes
Authors: Oliveira Dennis , Stegmayr Carina , Heinzel Alexander , Ermert Johannes , Neumaier Bernd , Shah Nadim Jon , Mottaghy Felix M. , Langen Karl-Josef , Willuweit Antje
Published: May 2020

Background Recent studies reported on high uptake of the PSMA ligands [ 68 Ga]HBED-CC ( 68 Ga-PSMA) and 18 F-DCFPyL in cerebral gliomas. This study explores the regional uptake and cellular targets of 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-DCFPyL in three different rat glioma models. Methods F98, 9L or U87 rat gliomas were implanted into the brains of 38 rats. After 13 days of tumor growth, 68 Ga-PSMA (n=21) or 18 F-DCFPyL (n=17) were injected intravenously and animals were sacrificed 40 min later. Five animals for each tracer and tumor model were additionally investigated by micro-PET at 20-40 min postinjection. Cryosections of the tumor bearing brains were analyzed by ex vivo autoradiography and immunofluorescence staining for blood vessels, microglia, astrocytes and presence of PSMA. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was tested by coinjection of Evans blue dye (EBD). 68 Ga-PSMA uptake after restoration of BBB integrity by treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) was evaluated in four animals with U87 gliomas. Competition experiments using the PSMA-receptor inhibitor 2-(Phosphonomethyl)pentane-1,5-dioic acid (PMPA) were performed for both tracers in two animals each. Results Autoradiography demonstrated a strong 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-DCFPyL binding in the peritumoral area and moderate binding in the center of the tumors. PMPA administration led to complete inhibition of 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-DCFPyL binding in the peritumoral region. Restoration of BBB by Dex treatment reduced EBD extravasation but 68 Ga-PSMA binding remained unchanged. Expression of activated microglia (CD11b) was low in the intra- and peritumoral area but GFAP staining revealed strong activation of astrocytes in congruency to the tracer binding in the peritumoral area. All tumors were visualized in micro PET, showing a lower tumor/brain contrast with 68 Ga-PSMA than with 18 F-DCFPyL. Conclusions High uptake of 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-DCFPyL in the peritumoral area of all glioma models is presumably caused by activated astrocytes. This may represent a limitation for the clinical application of PSMA ligands in gliomas.
Comparative Analysis of The Two Sites of Lahe (Caulerpa sp.) Growth for Determine The Range of Atmospheric, Physical and Chemical Water Conditions
Authors: Medellu Christophil , Suriani Ni Wayan , Komansilan Alfrits
Published: May 2020

Background

Ecological conditions determine the growth and productivity of lahe (Caulerpa Sp.). We conduct a comparative study of ecological conditions that affected differences in growth and productivity of lahe in two locations, in the Batunderang village area and the Lapango village area, Sangihe Regency. The ecological factors that we examined include atmospheric, chemical and physical factors. Atmospheric variables include radiation intensity, duration of irradiation, the air temperature above sea level. The physical and chemical parameters of water studied include current velocity, seawater temperature, salinity, current strength, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate concentrations.
Results

The indicator of lahe growth are: chain length, stem diameter, meristem diameter. The productivity indicator is the wet weight of the lahe harvested by farmers within 90 days. Comparative analysis between locations and measurement positions summarizes the range of ecological conditions for natural growth. The seabed for lahe is 0.8 m − 1.4 m lower than the surface of a coral reef and is not exposed at the lowest tide. The air temperature range at position 20 cm above sea level is 250C − 31.60C, while the temperature of seawater varies between 250C to 28.40C. Daily fluctuations in current velocity at high tides range from 0.09 cm/sec to 2 cm/sec. The salinity range between 27.8 ppt to 28.6 ppt. The pH range of seawater for natural growth is 7.6–8.12, while the dissolved oxygen range is 6 ppm to 6.25 ppm. Nitrate concentrations in lahe growth positions vary between 1.8 ppm − 1.96 ppm.
Conclusion

This ecological condition guarantees that the productivity of lahe varies between 20–30 kg/m2 for a 90-day harvest period.
Performance comparison approach of different disease prediction studies using quantitative index
Authors: ElHamdaoui Halima , Boujraf Said
Published: May 2020

Background and aim Comparing databases performances is quite challenging, especially they are presenting different characteristics including the quantitative and quantitative aspects acquired. The primary aim of this paper is to introduce a quantitative method for performance comparison of prediction of diseases studies using measurable parameters. Results The proposed method focuses on the following parameters: the accuracy and the number of attributes, to compute the performance index. We outline the major obstacles in terms of the construction of a comparative reliable approach, and a demonstrative case regarding the prediction of heart disease is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Conclusions Comparing performance of databases used in computer aided diagnosis should be based on objective quantitative basis, inhere presented index allows to achieve this goal, and overcome the variability found through databases. The presented methods should constitute a major tool for normalizing the comparison of databases performances, hence allowing more transparent and better evidencing databases qualities.
Work-related factors affecting the retention of medical officers in the preventive healthcare sector of Sri Lanka
Authors: Arnold Mahendra , Fernando Dinusha , Wickramanayake Kapila , Karunapema Palitha , Wickramatilake Sepali , Fernando Yamuna , Denawaka Chandani , Mahesh Pasyodun Koralage Buddhika , Panditharathna Sujeewa
Published: May 2020

Background: Human resources are the livelihood of all types of organizations. The biggest challenge that organizations are facing today is not only managing these resources but also retaining them. Preventive health sector plays a vital role in the healthcare system. Medical Officers of Health (MOH) are the Medical Officers providing preventive health services in Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to explore the factors affecting retention of Medical Officers of Health in the preventive health sector in Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among Medical Officers of Health in the Colombo district which has 18 MOH Offices with 64 Medical Officers. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Results: Regression analysis showed that all four variables; recognition, work schedule, remuneration and responsibility are positively and significantly correlated with retention of Medical Officers of Health in the preventive health sector. The variable ‘work schedule’ showed the highest impact to the retention of Medical Officers of Health.Conclusions: In order to retain trained Medical Officers of Health in the Sri Lankan preventive health sector, health authorities should address the factors that influence retention. If policy makers fail to address these factors the preventive health services will be negative impact due to shortage of key service providers.
The Pulmonary Sequalae in Discharged Patients With COVID-19:A Short-term Observational Study
Authors: Liu Dehan , Zhang Wanshu , Pan Feng , Li Lin , Yang Lian , Wang Jiazheng , Zheng Dandan , Liang Bo
Published: May 2020

Background: A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge.Methods: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points.Results: A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43 years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients ≤44 years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >44 years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (65 [43.6%]), fibrous stripe (45 [30.2%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (16 [10.7%]). Lung lesions showed obvious resolution from 2 to 3 weeks after discharge, especially in terms of GGO and fibrous stripe. “Tinted” sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution.Conclusion: Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Three weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation.
Autophagy inhibitor treatment alleviates cerebral inflammatory responses in a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Han Wei , Xie Changqing , Gao Mingxing , Wang Xugang , Hu Xueying , Zhang Wanpo , Cao Shengbo , Liu Xiaoli , Cheng Guofu , Gu Changqin
Published: May 2020

Background

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic natural epidemic disease caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection. Currently, there is no specific medicine for Japanese encephalitis. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process that plays an important role in viral infection and cellular immunity. In vitro studies have shown that the Japanese encephalitis virus replication mechanism is related to the autophagy pathway. We hope that by studying the effects of autophagy-regulating drugs on JEV infection and host response in mice, will provide effective clinical trials for autophagy-regulating drugs in the treatment of Japanese encephalitis and other viral infectious diseases.
Methods

After establishing appropriate animal model. We observed the neurological symptoms of the mice and counted their survival rate. We observed histopathological changes in brain tissues of mice. We compared the extent of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain of mice and explored the signaling processes involved in neuroinflammation.
Results

We found autophagy inhibitors wortmannin (Wort) and chloroquine (CQ) slow down the occurrence of neurological symptoms and reduce the prevalence of JEV-infected mice. As expected, autophagy inhibitors can inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB pathway to alleviate cerebral inflammatory responses in mice, thereby protecting the mice from JEV-induced death.
Conclusions

Our study suggests that autophagy inhibitors wortmannin and chloroquine could attenuate the inflammatory response in the brain of JEV infected mice, providing a clinical basis for the treatment of Japanese encephalitis
Comparison of unilateral and bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of severe vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Long Juan , He Chun Jing , Duan Zikun , Kang Xinguo , Zou Jinfeng
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to comparison of unilateral and bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of severe vertebral compression fractures.
METHODS

Sixty-four severe vertebral compression fractures patients were treated in our hospital were randomly divided into group A and group B(n = 32). Group A received Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treatment by unilateral vertebral pedicle approach. Group B received PVP treatment by bilateral vertebralpedicle approach. Visual Analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswesty Disability Index (ODI) were recorded before surgery, and at 1d,1 month, and 6 months after operation. Also, the puncture path, needle position, intraoperative bone cement injection volume, bone cement dispersion, intra-operative and postoperative complications were observed.
RESULTS

Sixty-four vertebrae were successfully punctured.The postoperative VAS,ODI were lower than preoperative, showed statistical difference compared with the preoperative VAS, ODI, but there are no difference between Group A and Group B.The cement leakage and operation time is lower in group A than that in Group B.
CONCLUSION

PVP by unilateral vertebral pedicle approach in treating severe vertebral compression fractures can significantly relieve pain and promote functional recovery, which has advantages such as convenient operation and low complication rate.
A translation and preliminary validation of the Dutch Wound-QoL questionnaire
Authors: Amesz Stella Felicia , Klein Toni , Meulendijks Audrey , Nguyen Tuong-Vi , Blome Christine , Roobol Petrie , Montfrans Catherine van
Published: May 2020

Background Chronic wounds have a major impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, measuring HRQoL is an indispensable part of the treatment of patients with chronic wounds.Objectives To translate and validate the Wound-QoL, a wound-specific HRQoL questionnaire, in a Dutch population.Methods The Wound-QoL was translated into Dutch according to the international standards. Patients with chronic wounds were asked to complete questionnaires at baseline (T0) and after 6 weeks (T1), including Wound-QoL, EQ-5D-3L (a generic questionnaire to measure HRQoL) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring wound pain. If patients were not able to complete the questionnaire by themselves, it was read out to them by a nurse. Further data were obtained from medical records.Results Of the 120 patients included, 64 (53.3%) completed the questionnaire by themselves. To 55 patients (45.8%), the questionnaire was read out. The internal consistency of the Wound-QoL global score was high at both time points (T0: Cronbach’s α = 0.89, T1: Cronbach’s α = 0.92). The item selectivity for global score ranged from r = 0.25 to r = 0.77 at T0 and from r = 0.40 to r = 0.79 at T1. Overall, the self-completion and read-out subgroups showed similar internal consistency and item selectivity scores. With regard to convergent validity, significant correlations were found between Wound-QoL and EQ-5D-3L (T0: r=-0.45, p < 0.001, T1: r=-0.50, p < 0.001) as well as between Wound-QoL and pain VAS (T0: r = 0.23, p = 0.012, T1: r = 0.37, p = 0.001) at both time points. Responsiveness analyses showed significant correlations between changes in Wound-QoL and changes in EQ-5D-3L (r=-0.37, p < 0.001), pain VAS (r = 0.24, p = 0.044) and wound size (r = 0.24, p = 0.013). The self-completion and read-out subgroups showed differences in convergent validity and responsiveness.Conclusions The results indicate that the Dutch version of the Wound-QoL has positive psychometric properties. However, more research is needed to further explore the differences between self-completed and read-out questionnaires.
A study on the clinical characteristics and management of patients with mild cases of COVID-19 in shelter hospitals from China
Authors: FENG Tao , YANG Canhua , LI Guiying , LIANG Daoye , JIA Xinju , TANG Jiping , ZOU Xinsen , Li Zheng
Published: May 2020

Background: To review the clinical characteristics of patients with mild cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia admitted to shelter hospitals and to investigate the management patterns of shelter hospitals. Methods: We collected and analyzed the case data of 931 patients of their general conditions, main clinical presentations, outcomes, laboratory results, imaging. Results: The average age of patients with mild cases of COVID-19 was （46.68 ± 12.13） years. There was no significant difference in incidence between males and females. The most common clinical presentations were fever (60.79%), cough (47.37%), myalgia and fatigue (17.40%), sore throat (13.86%), sputum (13.86%), diarrhea (9.98%), chest distress and dyspnea (8.38%), nasal congestion (6.02%), and runny nose (5.69%), while 10.10% were asymptomatic. In addition, anxiety and insomnia were present in 12.13% of cases. COVID-19 clinical type: mild, 248 cases (26.64%); moderate, 683 cases (73.36%). Blood biochemical examination showed that some patients exhibited WBC count (26.32%) lower to normal. Most patients tested positive for novel coronavirus nucleic acid (55.45%), while 44.55% tested negative. The rate of positive chest computed tomography (CT )examination findings was 94.36%. The most common change were ground-glass opacities (48.70%) and multiple patchy opacities (44.58%). Moreover, 65 patients (6.98%) were transferred to designated hospital, primarily due to exacerbation of novel coronavirus pneumonia (32 cases, 49.2%). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients in shelter hospitals were in a relatively mild overall condition and were predominantly of the moderate clinical type. Attention should be paid to asymptomatic positive patients and patients without respiratory symptoms. CT is still the main patient screening method. Shelter hospitals can carry the burden of epidemic prevention and treatment of patients with mild cases of COVID-19.