bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Genomic Prediction Accuracy of Reproduction Traits in Rongchang Pigs Through Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Junge , Chai Jie , Chen Li , Zhang Tinghuan , Long Xi , Diao Shuqi , Chen Dong , Guo Zongyi , Tang Guoqing , Wu Pingxian
Published: February 2025

The increasing volume of genome sequencing data presents challenges for traditional genome-wide prediction methods in handling large datasets. Machine learning (ML) techniques, which can process high-dimensional data, offer promising solutions. This study aimed to find a genome-wide prediction method for local pig breeds, using 10 datasets with varying SNP densities derived from imputed sequencing data of 515 Rongchang pigs and the Pig QTL database. Three reproduction traits—litter weight, total number of piglets born, and number of piglets born alive—were predicted using six traditional methods and five ML methods, including kernel ridge regression, random forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and Adaboost. The methods’ efficacy was evaluated using fivefold cross-validation and independent tests. The predictive performance of both traditional and ML methods initially increased with SNP density, peaking at 800–900 k SNPs. ML methods outperformed traditional ones, showing improvements of 0.4–4.1%. The integration of GWAS and the Pig QTL database enhanced ML robustness. ML models exhibited superior generalizability, with high correlation coefficients (0.935–0.998) between cross-validation and independent test results. GBDT and random forest showed high computational efficiency, making them promising methods for genomic prediction in livestock breeding.
A Review on the Conservation of South African Indigenous Poultry Breeds: A Focus on Semen Cryopreservation
Authors: Maapola Rantloko Rolly , Ngcobo Jabulani Nkululeko , Nephawe Khathutshelo Agree , Nedambale Tshimangadzo Lucky , Ramukhithi Fhulufhelo Vincent
Published: February 2025

Understanding the genetic, physiological, and nutritional characteristics of native chickens in South Africa has been significantly hindered by studies over the last ten years. These chickens hold significant economic, social, and cultural importance for South African communities, particularly those marginalized. Despite their reputation for lower egg productivity, they are highly valued for their flavorful meat by consumers. Many local chicken ecotypes and breeds remain undocumented and in danger of going extinct, even though some have been classified. To tackle this issue, the Food and Agriculture Organization has launched an indigenous poultry conservation program. One crucial method employed is assisted reproductive biotechnologies such as cryopreservation, which serves as an ex situ conservation strategy for preserving the germplasm of endangered animals. In avian species, cryopreservation is particularly beneficial for the long-term storage of sperm cells, although it necessitates the use of cryoprotectants to shield sperm cells from cold shock during freezing. However, the use of cryoprotectants can lead to thermal shocks that may damage the sperm cell plasma membrane, potentially reducing viability and fertility. Furthermore, the membranes of avian sperm cells are highly polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can undergo lipid peroxidation (LPO) when reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present. This review focuses on current knowledge and the latest effective strategies for utilizing cryopreservation to conserve semen from indigenous poultry breeds.
Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Circulation in the Human Population in Campania Region (2010–2023)
Authors: Peruzy Maria Francesca , Murru Nicoletta , Carullo Maria Rosaria , La Tela Immacolata , Rippa Antonio , Balestrieri Anna , Proroga Yolande Thérèse Rose
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains isolated during human infection using data from the computer database (SIGLA) of the Salmonella Typing Center (Ce.Ti.Sa) of the Istituto Zooprofilattico del Mezzogiorno (IZSM). Methods: From 2010 to 2023, the Ce.Ti.Sa laboratory tested 680 Salmonella strains against the following: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefixime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, meropenem, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, tigecycline, and trimethoprim. Results: The most common serovars were S. monophasic Typhimurium (23.2%), S. Enteritidis (16.8%), and S. Typhimurium (16.0%). Nearly all strains were resistant to azithromycin (99.4%) and showed high resistance to sulphonamides, tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin. The study found that 45.8% of strains exhibited multidrug resistance. Resistance to ciprofloxacin increased over time. Serovar-specific resistance varied: S. monophasic Typhimurium was resistant to azithromycin (100.0%), tetracycline (93.0%), and ampicillin (92.4%); S. Enteritidis showed 100.0% resistance to azithromycin; S. Typhimurium had high resistance to azithromycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin; and S. Infantis was resistant to erythromycin, sulfonamides, and azithromycin. Conclusions: The study highlights a troubling prevalence of Salmonella-resistant strains, emphasizing the need for infection prevention, proper antibiotic use in humans and animals, and the development of new antibiotics.
The Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Atlantal Posterior Arch Defects: A CBCT Analysis of 500 Italian Patients
Authors: Macrì Monica , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Festa Mario , Rendina Fabiola , Festa Felice
Published: February 2025

Atlas Posterior Arch Deficiency (APAD) is a rare anatomical variation of the atlas vertebra detected using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study assessed the prevalence, classification, and clinical implications of APAD in an Italian cohort. Methods: We analyzed CBCT images from 500 Italian patients (17–60 years) from the University “G. D’Annunzio” in Chieti. The sample was evenly split between genders. The sample was evenly split between genders. APAD classification was performed, identifying five morphological types. Imaging used a low-dose protocol with a Pax-Zenith 3D CBCT machine and Dolphin imaging software (12.0.9.58). Results: APAD was identified in thirteen patients—twelve with partial APAD and one with complete APAD. Two cases also had Ponticulus Posticus. Type A anomalies were most common; no cases of types B, C, D, or E were observed. None of the cases were symptomatic. Conclusions: APAD is rare in this cohort, with partial forms being the most frequent. CBCT is effective for diagnosing APAD, highlighting the importance of routine imaging in orthodontic assessments. Despite the absence of symptoms, awareness and monitoring for potential symptoms are important. Further research is needed to understand APAD’s clinical significance across different populations.
Attitude-Predictive Control of Large-Diameter Shield Tunneling: PCA-SVR Machine Learning Algorithm Application in a Case Study of the Zhuhai Xingye Express Tunnel
Authors: Li Hui , Tan Yijun , Zeng Decheng , Su Dong , Qiao Shiye
Published: February 2025

In order to realize effective attitude-predictive control during large-diameter shield tunneling, this study established an intelligent framework for attitude prediction. Specifically, a principal component analysis–support vector regression (PCA-SVR) hybrid model was constructed, based on principal component analysis. The principal component analysis method was used to mine the relevant input parameters and reduce the accompanying data noise. SVR used statistical learning and structural risk minimization to overcome data overfitting. Taking a large-diameter shield tunnel, the Zhuhai Xingye Express Tunnel, as an example, the proposed PCA-SVR model was validated by considering tunnel excavation parameters, geometric parameters, and geological parameters. At the same time, the correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between input parameters and attitude parameters. The results show that the propulsion cylinder pressure is an important factor affecting the trajectory of attitude motion. The geometrical and geological parameters of the shield have a strong correlation with the attitude parameters. The attitude parameters predicted by the model are within the range of the corresponding monitoring data. The high prediction accuracy verifies that the proposed PCA-SVR hybrid model can accurately predict the attitude parameters during shield tunneling. The prediction framework can be used for reference for the attitude-prediction control of shields in similar projects.
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Visuospatial Memory: A Comprehensive Review of Brain Activity Assessment in Immersive Virtual Reality Research During the Last Decade
Authors: Llana Tania , Perpetuini David , Zorzo Candela , Mendez Marta
Published: February 2025

Visuospatial memory plays a crucial role in everyday functioning. However, its assessment was less explored compared to other memory systems. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) devices can add valuable information about visuospatial memory providing more realistic and ecological environments and allowing for the recording of brain activity in real time. This present systematic review summarizes the current knowledge of brain dynamics during the execution of iVR-based visuospatial memory tasks. Nine articles were reviewed, employing visuospatial working memory, visuospatial memory recognition, and spatial memory tasks through commercial iVR devices such as HTC Vive or Oculus. Most studies measured brain activity using electroencephalography. The findings highlight different key aspects, such as the sensitivity of the prefrontal cortex under stressful conditions, the relationship between memory load and brain activity, the involvement of medial temporal lobe regions on spatial memory and its improvement using memory reactivation paradigms, the importance of some environmental characteristics (i.e., the space where the task is carried out), and the implication of the parietal cortex in processing allocentric information. These results enhance our understanding of brain activity during iVR-based visuospatial tasks and highlight iVR technologies as promising tools in cognitive neuroscience.
Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Stiffness Degradation Based on Improved Neural Basis Expansion Analysis
Authors: Yang Shuai , Gao Jianxiong , Yuan Yiping , Zhou Jianxing , Meng Lingchao
Published: February 2025

To reduce the significant time and cost associated with wind turbine blade fatigue testing, the applicability of the deep learning model Neural Basis Expansion Analysis (N-BEATS) for modeling the stiffness degradation of wind turbine blades was investigated. First, on the basis of a traditional blade stiffness degradation model, the stiffness data were expanded to meet the data volume requirements of N-BEATS. Second, the basic block structure of N-BEATS was improved (by treating the sequence-to-sequence prediction problem as a nonlinear multivariate regression problem) to meet the specific prediction requirements of this task, and the Pinball Mean Absolute Percentage Error (Pinball-MAPE) loss function was adopted to further reduce bias during the prediction process. Additionally, two data augmentation methods—time series combination and random noise injection—were applied to mitigate the risk of model overfitting and improve prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrated that the model can effectively learn underlying patterns in the stiffness data and successfully predict the remaining stiffness.
Multi-Scale Twin Networks for Coastal Zone Change Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Zhu Peiqi , Jiang Xiaoyi , He Qi , Zhao Longfei , Hong Yu , Guo Xue , Sun Hanrui
Published: February 2025

Accurate coastal zone change detection is crucial for coastal urban planning and marine resource development. To address the specificity of coastal zone change detection and the category imbalance issue in the model, we propose a multi-scale coastal zone change detection method (AMMNet) based on the attention mechanism. The method leverages multi-scale features extracted by the ResNet backbone, which are then optimized and integrated through high-frequency attention and spatio-temporal difference modules. These modules allow the model to focus on both global and local changes, enhancing its ability to detect variations in coastal zones. Additionally, the foreground attention module refines the model’s attention on relevant regions, ensuring improved performance. The experimental results show that our method achieves the highest scores in several evaluation metrics, demonstrating significant advantages in accuracy and generalization and effectively addressing the category imbalance problem. It provides a robust solution for coastal zone change detection.
A Real-Time Water Level and Discharge Monitoring Station: A Case Study of the Sakarya River
Authors: Demir Fatma , Sonmez Osman
Published: February 2025

This study details the design and implementation of a real-time river monitoring station established on the Sakarya River, capable of instantaneously tracking water levels and flow rates. The system comprises an ultrasonic distance sensor, a GSM module (Global System for Mobile Communications), which enables real-time wireless data transmission to a server via cellular networks, a solar panel, a battery, and a microcontroller board. The river monitoring station operates by transmitting water level data collected by the ultrasonic distance sensor to a server via a communication module developed on a microcontroller board using an Arduino program, and then sharing these data through a web interface. The developed system performs regular and continuous water level readings without the need for human intervention. During the installation and calibration of the monitoring station, laboratory and field tests were conducted, and the obtained data were validated by comparison with data from the hydropower plant located upstream. This system, mounted on a bridge, measures water levels twice per minute and sends these data to the relevant server via the GSM module. During this process, precipitation data were utilized as a critical reference point for validating measurement data for the 2023 hydrological year, with changes in precipitation directly correlated with river water levels and calculated flow values, which were analyzed accordingly. The real-time river monitoring station allows for instantaneous monitoring of the river, achieving a measurement accuracy of within 0.1%. The discharge values recorded by the system showed a high correlation (r2 = 0.92) with data from the hydropower plant located upstream of the system, providing an accurate and comprehensive database for water resource management, natural disaster preparedness, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the system incorporates early warning mechanisms that activate when critical water levels are reached, enabling rapid response to potential flood risks. By combining energy-independent operation with IoT (Internet Of Things)-based communication infrastructure, the developed system offers a sustainable solution for real-time environmental monitoring. The system demonstrates strong applicability in field conditions and contributes to advancing technologies in flood risk management and water resource monitoring.
Digital Twin Technology in Transportation Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Survey of Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Wu Di , Zheng Ao , Yu Wenshuai , Cao Hongbin , Ling Qiuyuan , Liu Jiawen , Zhou Dandan
Published: February 2025

Transportation infrastructure is central to economic development and the daily lives of citizens. However, rapid urbanization, increasing vehicle ownership, and growing concerns about sustainable development have significantly heightened the complexity of managing these systems. Although digital twin (DT) technology holds great promise, most current research focuses on specific areas, lacking a comprehensive framework that spans the entire lifecycle of transportation infrastructure, from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. The technical challenges of integrating different DT systems remain unclear, which to some extent limits the potential of DT technology in the management of transportation infrastructure. To address this gap, this review first summarizes the fundamental concepts and architectures involved in DT systems for transportation infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and hubs. From a lifecycle perspective, DT systems for transportation infrastructure are categorized based on functional scope, data integration methods, and application stages, and their key technologies and basic frameworks are outlined. Subsequently, the potential applications of DT in various lifecycle stages of transportation infrastructure—planning and construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning and renewal—are analyzed, and current research progress is reviewed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for achieving a full lifecycle DT system for transportation infrastructure, encompassing technical, operational, and ethical aspects, are discussed and summarized. The insights gained herein will be valuable for researchers, urban planners, engineers, and policymakers.
Polyphenol Composition of Traditional Decoctions from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix of Different Origin and Their Impact on Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Nawrot-Hadzik Izabela , Fast Magdalena , Gębarowski Tomasz , Zanoni Giorgio , Martens Stefan , Matkowski Adam , Seweryn Piotr , Hadzik Jakub
Published: February 2025

Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix (rhizomes of Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) have a long tradition of use in traditional Chinese medicine confirmed by numerous contemporary studies. Our earlier results implied the potential use of decoction of this raw material in oral wound improvement. In this study, we investigated Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix traditionally prepared decoctions from European wildly growing plant (SC decoction; self-collected decoction) and from a pharmacopeial raw material (PH decoction) purchase from a certified pharmacy in Europe. We performed qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and examined the effect of the decoctions and their major constituents on the viability of the human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cell line. The SC decoction caused a higher increase in cell viability in a wide range of concentrations 2.5–2000 µg/mL (from 100 µg/mL an increase of 35% and more, compared to control, at p ≤ 0.0001), while the decoction PH showed a statistically significant increase only at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (an increase of 24% compared to control, at p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the PH decoction showed cytotoxic activity towards HGF-1 at higher concentrations (≥500 μg/mL), which was not observed in the SC decoction. Substantial differences in the chemical composition between the two decoctions were also observed. The SC decoction contained significantly more flavan-3-ols and procyanidin dimers and less stilbenes and anthraquinones than the PH decoction. For example, SC contained about 9 times more epicatechin and 3 times more catechin, as well as 4.5 times more procyanidin B1 and 9 times more procyanidin B2 and B4 than the PH decoction but about 7.5 times less resveratrol and 4 times less emodin. We concluded that the high content of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins with low cytotoxic potential towards HGF-1, as well as the correspondingly low content of some anthraquinones, had a beneficial effect on the activity of the SC decoction.
Analysis of Learning Behaviors and Outcomes for Students with Different Knowledge Levels: A Case Study of Intelligent Tutoring System for Coding and Learning (ITS-CAL)
Authors: Lai Chien-Hung , Lin Cheng-Yueh
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of generative AI technology, programming learning aids have become essential resources for enhancing students’ programming capabilities. This study developed an intelligent tutoring system, ITS-CAL, powered by a large language model (LLM) to provide students with immediate and hierarchical learning feedback, particularly in scenarios with limited class time and large student populations. The system helps students overcome challenges encountered during the learning process. A mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, was employed to investigate the usage patterns of the system’s three primary functions—Hint, Debug, and User-defined Question—and their impact on learning outcomes among students with varying knowledge levels. The results indicated that students with high knowledge levels tended to use the Hint and User-defined Question functions moderately, while those with lower knowledge levels heavily relied on the Hint function but did not achieve significant improvements in learning outcomes. Overall, students who used ITS-CAL in moderation achieved the highest pass rate (72.22%), whereas excessive reliance on ITS-CAL appeared to diminish independent problem-solving abilities. Additionally, students generally provided positive feedback on the system’s convenience and its role as a learning aid. However, they highlighted areas for improvement, particularly in the Debug function and the quality of Hint content. This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the application potential of LLMs in programming education and offering valuable empirical insights for designing future programming learning assistance systems.
Inverse Uncertainty Quantification in Material Parameter Calibration Using Probabilistic and Interval Approaches
Authors: Most Thomas
Published: February 2025

In model calibration, the identification of the unknown parameter values themselves, but also the uncertainty of these model parameters, due to uncertain measurements or model outputs might be required. The analysis of parameter uncertainty helps us understand the calibration problem better. Investigations on the parameter sensitivity and the uniqueness of the identified parameters could be addressed within uncertainty quantification. In this paper, we investigate different probabilistic approaches for this purpose, which identify the unknown parameters as multivariate distribution functions. However, these approaches require accurate knowledge of the model output covariance, which is often not available. In addition, we investigate interval optimization methods for the identification of parameter bounds. The correlation or interaction of the input parameters can be modeled with a convex feasible domain that belongs to a feasible solution of the model output within given bounds. We introduce a novel radial line-search procedure that can identify the boundary of such a parameter domain for arbitrary nonlinear dependencies between model input and output.
Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing: Towards an Analytical Framework for Revealing and Mitigating Bias
Authors: Reed Catherine , Wynn Martin , Bown Robin
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) affects many aspects of modern life, and most predictions are that the impact of AI on business and society will only increase. In the marketing function of today’s leading businesses, two main types of AI can be discerned. Traditional AI centres on supervised learning algorithms to support and enable the application of data rules, predictive functionality and other AI-based features. Generative AI, on the other hand, uses large language model (LLM) data sets and user prompts to generate new content. While AI-generated applications and content can boost efficiency, they also present challenges regarding transparency and authenticity, and the question of bias is central to these concerns. This article adopts a qualitative inductive approach to research this issue in the context of the marketing function of a global software supplier. Based on a systematic literature review and in-depth interviews with company marketeers, the perceived bias issues in coding, prompting and deployment of AI in digital marketing are identified. Then, based on a provisional conceptual framework derived from the extant literature, an analytical framework for revealing and mitigating bias in digital marketing is put forward, incorporating the perspectives of industry-based practitioners. The framework can be used as a checklist of marketing activities in which bias may exist in either traditional or generative AI across different stages of the customer journey. The article thus contributes to the development of theory and practice regarding the management of bias in AI-generated content and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners as an operational guide and point of departure for subsequent studies.
Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Mafe Alice N. , Büsselberg Dietrich
Published: February 2025

The gut–brain–cancer axis represents a novel and intricate connection between the gut microbiota, neurobiology, and cancer progression. Recent advances have accentuated the significant role of gut microbiota metabolites in modulating systemic processes that influence both brain health and tumorigenesis. This paper explores the emerging concept of metabolite-mediated modulation within the gut–brain–cancer connection, focusing on key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While the gut microbiota’s impact on immune regulation, neuroinflammation, and tumor development is well established, gaps remain in grasping how specific metabolites contribute to neuro–cancer interactions. We discuss novel metabolites with potential implications for neurobiology and cancer, such as indoles and polyamines, which have yet to be extensively studied. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical evidence linking gut dysbiosis, altered metabolite profiles, and brain tumors, showcasing limitations and research gaps, particularly in human longitudinal studies. Case studies investigating microbiota-based interventions, including dietary changes, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotics, demonstrate promise but also indicate hurdles in translating these findings to clinical cancer therapies. This paper concludes with a call for standardized multi-omics approaches and bi-directional research frameworks integrating microbiome, neuroscience, and oncology to develop personalized therapeutic strategies for neuro-cancer patients.
Using a Natural Triterpenoid to Unlock the Antitumor Effects of Autophagy in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Doonan Bently P. , Radwan Faisal F. Y. , Banik Naren L. , Haque Azizul
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, is the most common lymphoid malignancy in the Western world. Treatment of DLBCL has been greatly improved in recent years with the addition of the monoclonal antibody Rituximab to the gold standard CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone) chemotherapy regimen, but these treatments are often ineffective in patients with highly aggressive disease or patients of advanced age. While CAR-T cells have further advanced the treatment landscape of DLBCL, these often come at significant costs such as toxicity and financial costs for patients. Thus, research has recently focused on natural products that can selectively target malignant lymphomas while displaying a reduced host toxicity profile. Methods: In vitro cellular and biochemical approaches were used to analyze the effects of a natural extract from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom (GA-DM) on autophagy and apoptosis in human and mouse B-cell lymphoma lines. In addition, in vivo approaches were applied to determine the effect of GA-DM on tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model of B-cell lymphoma. Results: Here, we report, for the first time, that GA-DM induces apoptosis in the human B-cell lymphoma cell lines DB and Toledo, and orchestrates autophagy and apoptosis in the murine B-cell lymphoma cell line A20. While GA-DM differentially induced autophagy and apoptosis in mouse and human B-cell lymphomas, blocking apoptosis by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FM reduced anti-proliferative activity in human B-cell lymphoma cells (DB: 71.6 ± 6.2% vs. 56.7 ± 2.4%; Toledo: 53.1 ± 10.6% vs. 14.6 ± 9.3%) in vitro. Antitumor efficacy of GA-DM was also investigated in vivo in a murine B-cell lymphoma model using the A20 cell line, where GA-DM treatment reduced both the number of tumor metastases (control: 5.5 ± 3.2 vs. GA-DM: 1.6 ± 0.87) and the overall tumor burden (control: 3.2 g ± 1.9 vs. GA-DM: 1.70 g ± 0.2) in diseased mice. Conclusions: These findings support the potential use of GA-DM as a novel chemotherapeutic in the treatment of DLBCL and could improve the treatment of higher-risk patients with advanced disease who cannot tolerate current chemotherapy treatments.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Gut Microbiota Exposed to Polystyrene Microplastics
Authors: Chi Jinhua , Patterson Jeffrey S. , Jin Yan , Kim Kyle Joohyung , Lalime Nicole , Hawley Daniella , Lewis Freeman , Li Lingjun , Wang Xuan , Campen Matthew J. , Cui Julia Yue , Gu Haiwei
Published: February 2025

Background: Microplastics (MPs) are small plastic fragments with diameters less than 5 mm in size and are prevalent in everyday essentials and consumables. Large global plastic production has now led to a flooding of MPs in our natural environment. Due to their detrimental impacts on the planet’s ecosystems and potentially our health, MPs have emerged as a significant public health concern. In this pilot study, we hypothesize that MPs exposure will negatively affect gut microbiota composition and function, in which metabolic reprogramming plays an important role. Methods: Using in vitro experiments, three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli MG1655, Nissle 1917, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) were selected to investigate the impacts of MPs exposure. The bacterial strains were individually cultured in an anaerobic chamber and exposed to 1 µm polystyrene MPs at various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 µg/mL) in the culture medium. Results: MPs exposure reduced the growth of all three bacterial strains in a dose-dependent manner. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics revealed significant differences in multiple metabolic pathways, such as sulfur metabolism and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, we extracted gut microbiota from C57BL/6 mice, and 16S rRNA sequencing results showed a significant upregulation of Lactobacillales and a significant reduction in Erysipelotrichales due to MPs exposure. Furthermore, targeted and untargeted metabolomics corroborated the in vitro results and revealed alterations in microbial tryptophan metabolism and energy producing pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that MPs exposure causes comprehensive changes to healthy gut microbiota, which may also provide insights into the mechanistic effects of MPs exposure in humans.
Vestibular-Dependent Functions Following MRgLITT—A Single-Group Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dordevic Milos , Looyeh Kiana Assady , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Müller Notger
Published: February 2025

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common pharmaco-resistant type of epilepsy. The chance of obtaining seizure freedom after resective surgery in pharmaco-resistant mesial temporal lobe patients (mTLE) is significantly higher compared to pharmaceutical treatment (at least 50–60% compared to less than 15%). However, some factors (e.g., craniotomy) may prevent epilepsy patients undergoing surgery. A recent advancement in epilepsy surgery, i.e., magnetic resonance guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT), has become an attractive alternative for performance of selective amygdala-hippo-campectomy, especially because of its minimal invasiveness. Among other medial temporal lobe structures, the hippocampus is particularly important for successful processing of vestibular inputs. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether mTLE patients who underwent MRgLITT perform worse on vestibular-dependent tests, including balancing, spatial orientation and rotational memory. Methods: Nine patients (Age 40.1 ± 14.5; 2 females) underwent vestibular-dependent assessments before and after MRgLITT using the following test battery: (I) clinical balancing test (CBT), (II) triangle completion test (TCT) and (III) rotational memory test (RM). Results: We found significant improvement from pre- to post-surgery in the vestibular-dependent spatial orientation test, namely in the wheelchair condition of the triangle completion test. Additionally, the obtained effect sizes were medium to large in favor of post-surgery assessment for the majority of conditions in the three tests applied in this study, indicating that the assessment of a larger number of patients could also, potentially, lead to significant results in these cases. Conclusions: This plausibility study is the first to assess vestibular-dependent balancing, spatial orientation and rotational memory functions before and after MRgLITT in mTLE patients. Even with a small sample of nine patients, significant changes and medium to high effect sizes in favor of surgery were observed. Nevertheless, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary for appropriate estimation of MRgLITT effectiveness in these functional domains.
Aesthetic Appreciation Is Different: Aesthetic Pleasure in Architectural Aesthetics
Authors: Pei Lei , Cao Zihao
Published: February 2025

Architectural aesthetics is often studied with a focus on the visual properties of buildings, yet the role of individual aesthetic appreciation abilities in shaping aesthetic pleasure remains overlooked. This study challenges the traditional object-centric perspective by investigating how aesthetic appreciation ability influences architectural aesthetic pleasure through aesthetic judgment. Using Hui-style architecture, a distinctive architectural style originating from the Huizhou region in southern China, as the representative case, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 453 participants. Regression analysis was applied to examine the moderating effects of aesthetic judgment (variety, unity, novelty, and typicality) on the relationship between aesthetic appreciation ability and aesthetic pleasure. The results reveal that individuals with high aesthetic appreciation ability experience greater aesthetic pleasure when exposed to diverse and novel architectural elements. In contrast, those with low aesthetic appreciation ability respond primarily to novelty, showing limited sensitivity to other aesthetic judgments. These findings highlight the nuanced interplay between personal aesthetic capacities and architectural experience, offering valuable insights for artists, architects, and educators seeking to cater to diverse aesthetic preferences and enhance public engagement with architectural beauty.
Influence of Retarders on the Properties and Microstructure of an Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag–Extracted Titanium Tailing Slag Binder
Authors: He Lijuan , Li Jingjing , Yun Xiaoxin , Wang Shuping , Liu Xuan , Yang Jingwei , He Runzhi
Published: February 2025

Alkali-activated materials, serving as alternative cementitious materials, showed great mechanical properties and excellent durability. Nevertheless, their practical application was limited due to their rapid setting and loss of workability. To adjust the workability and setting time, Na2HPO4 and Ba(NO3)2 were used as retarders in the alkali-activated ternary binders incorporating fly ash (FA), ground blastfurnace slag (GGBFS), and extracted titanium tailing slag (TS). The influence of retarder content on the fresh and hardening properties, as well as the microstructure development of the binder, was investigated. The results showed that both Na2HPO4 and Ba(NO3)2 could prolong the setting time of the binder, but the latter was more effective. When these retarders’ content was 1.5 wt.%, the initial setting time was extended by 21% and 45% to 103 min and 123 min, respectively. Ba(NO3)2 was harmful to the strength development of the binder, and the values of specimens containing 1.5 wt.% Ba(NO3)2 decreased by 9.1%, 22.2%, and 22.2% at 1, 3, and 28 days, respectively. Whereas the addition of Na2HPO4 was slightly negative to the 1- and 3-day strength of the binder, it benefitted the 28-day strength. Adding 1.0 wt.% Na2HPO4 would promote the formation of reaction products, resulting in an increase in the 28-day compressive strength by 8.5% to 53.5 MPa. The primary phases of this binder were C-A-S-H and C-(N)-A-H gels.
Model Tests of Concrete-Filled Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tube Composite Pile Under Cyclic Lateral Loading
Authors: Yang Chao , Dai Guoliang , Gong Weiming , Wang Yuxuan , Zhu Mingxing , Huo Shaolei
Published: February 2025

Concrete-filled FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) tube composite piles offer superior corrosion resistance, making them a promising alternative to traditional piles in marine environments. However, their performance under cyclic lateral loads, such as those induced by waves and currents, requires further investigation. This study conducted model tests on 11 FRP composite piles embedded in sand to evaluate their behavior under cyclic lateral loading. Key parameters, including loading frequency, cycle count, loading mode, and embedment depth, were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that cyclic loading induces cumulative plastic deformation in the surrounding soil, leading to a progressive reduction in the lateral stiffness of the pile–soil system and redistribution of lateral loads among piles. Higher loading frequencies enhanced soil densification and temporarily improved bearing capacity, while increased cycle counts caused soil degradation and reduced ultimate capacity—evidenced by an 8.4% decrease (from 1.19 kN to 1.09 kN) after 700 cycles under a 13 s period, with degradation rates spanning 8.4–11.2% across frequencies. Deeper embedment depths significantly decreased the maximum bending moment (by ~50%) and lateral displacement, highlighting their critical role in optimizing performance. These findings directly inform the design of marine structures by optimizing embedment depth and load frequency to mitigate cyclic degradation, ensuring the long-term serviceability of FRP composite piles in corrosive, high-cycle marine environments.
A Holistic and Critical Exploration of Cultural Significance of a Reconstructed Heritage Site: Bursa Mevlevi Lodge
Authors: Gök Duygu , Durmuş Gizem , Özkılavuz Bengisu , Acar Elif , Gündoğdu Saadet
Published: February 2025

The city of Bursa has a multi-cultural background and hosts a diverse architectural heritage inherited from the Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Republican periods. A lost architectural and urban heritage of the city is the Bursa Mevlevi Lodge, which was built between the 17th and 19th centuries. After all the dervish lodges were closed by a law enacted in 1925, Bursa Mevlevi Lodge lost its original function, too. The complex was used for public, residential, and religious purposes until it was demolished in the 1950s due to neglect and abandonment and lost its place in urban memory. Recently, the complex was reconstructed in 2023 and re-functioned as a museum related to Mevlevi culture and Semahane. This article aims to analyze the history and architecture of the complex in the context of Mevlevi culture and Ottoman Mevlevi Lodge architecture. In conclusion, the article reveals that the authenticity of the complex is that it is shaped around the Semahane and identifies its tangible and intangible values and cultural significance in terms of urban history. The article also discusses the justification of the reconstruction as “a controversial heritage conservation method” and the concept of authenticity in the context of contemporary architectural conservation theory.
The Population-Level Surveillance of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and Its Late Effects in Europe with an Example of an Effective System at the Slovenian Cancer Registry
Authors: Mihor Ana , Martos Carmen , Giusti Francesco , Zadravec-Zaletel Lorna , Tomšič Sonja , Lokar Katarina , Žagar Tina , Birk Mojca , Bric Nika , Zadnik Vesna
Published: February 2025

Background: The registry-based collection of detailed cancer and late effect (LE) data in childhood and adolescent cancer (CAC) is rarely explored. Aim: We aimed to provide an overview of CAC registration practices in Europe and share a Slovenian example. Methods: We distributed a questionnaire among European cancer registries on disease, treatment and LE registration and present the system at the Slovenian Cancer Registry along with an example of retrospectively collected LE data from a cohort of central nervous system tumour survivors from 1983 to 2000. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate the LE incidence. Results: Out of 27 responding registries, over 80% registered cancer type, vital status, death and second primary cancer data. Less than 20% registered cumulative doses of radiation and systemic therapy or progressions. Only three registered LEs. The obstacles in setting up LE collection in registries are a lack of standardization in the variable sets, definitions and methods of collection. In the retrospective cohort, neurological and endocrine LEs were most common. Females had a higher risk of endocrine LEs (HR of 1.89; 95% CI of 1.08–3.31), while patients treated with radiotherapy had higher risks of endocrine (3.47; 1.80–6.69), musculoskeletal and skin LEs (3.16; 1.60–6.26) and second primary cancers (2.85; 1.18–6.75). Conclusions: Standardization and harmonization are necessary to promote detailed CAC and LE registration.
Patterns of Treatment Delay in Patients with Symptomatic Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Wang Shilin , Hallinan James T. P. D. , Tan Cherie Lin Hui , Chua Khye Gin Eugene , Teo Alex Quok An , Kumar Naresh , Liu Gabriel , Hey Hwee Weng Dennis , Thambiah Joseph , Lau Leok-Lim , Wong Hee-Kit , Chan Yiong-Huak , Tan Jiong Hao Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Background: Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) can potentially result in serious, deleterious effects on patient outcomes and postoperative morbidity. Delays may occur any at any step in the chain of care, increasing the risk of preventable complications. Objectives: This study, thus, aims to identify patterns of treatment delays and determine the predictive factors of postoperative ambulatory function in patients with symptomatic MESCC. Methods: Adult patients, aged >18 years, who underwent surgical treatment for MESCC between 2015 and 2022, were included for analysis in this retrospective study. Results: A total of 177 patients were included. The most significant delay contributing to total delay was patient delay (mean duration 41 days) followed by diagnostic delay (mean duration 16 days). Patients presenting acutely to the Emergency Department and patients with neurological deficits were found to have significantly shorter delays. Preoperative neurological deficits (p = 0.001) and preoperative red flag symptoms of cord compression (p = 0.008) were significant factors that were predictive of postoperative functional independence. Referral delay was also a significant predictive factor (p = 0.013); surgical delay approached statistical significance (p = 0.075). Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the need for increasing patient education, enhancing physician management of patients with MESCC, and improving diagnostic efficiency to reduce delays and maximize patient outcomes.
Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Metastatic Testicular Cancer at a National Referral Centre
Authors: Evmorfopoulos Konstantinos , Vlachostergios Panagiotis J. , Chasiotis Georgios , Karatzas Anastasios , Zachos Ioannis , Koukoulis George , Dimitropoulos Konstantinos , Pisters Louis L. , Tzortzis Vassilios
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess the safety of open PC-RPLND at a high-volume national referral centre over the course of several years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) who underwent PC-RPLND at our institution between 2008 and 2023 was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative parameters and adjunctive procedures were recorded. ClassIntra and Clavien Dindo classifications were used to assess intraoperative and postoperative complications, respectively. Results: In total, 165 patients were studied. The median (Q1–Q3) age of patients was 30.5 years (24.75–38.25), and the median maximum diameter of retroperitoneal masses was 50 mm (26.75–81.25). The most common adjunctive procedure was synchronous nephrectomy (n = 18, 11%) followed by vascular procedures (n = 7, 4.3%), ureteric reconstruction (n = 7, 4.3%), and partial hepatectomy (n = 3, 1.9%). Intraoperatively, 20, 8 and 1 patient had a grade I, II or V complication, respectively, according to the ClassIntra classification. The median estimated blood loss was 300 mL (120–740), the median duration of the procedure was 4.9 h (4–6 h) and the median length of stay was 8 days (7–10 days). Histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed teratoma in 51.9% of patients, followed by fibrosis/necrosis in 39.5%. A total of 40 patients (24.7%) experienced at least one complication. Conclusions: PC-RPLND is a complex operation, often accompanied by adjunctive surgical procedures and therefore must be conducted in high-volume referral centres to ensure safety and minimise complications.
Impact of Systemic and Radiation Therapy on Survival of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Janopaul-Naylor James Robert , Patel Jimmy S. , Rupji Manali , Hoang Kimberly Bojanowski , McCall Neal Sean , Qian David C. , Shoaf Madison Lee , Kothari Shawn , Olson Jeffrey J. , Shu Hui-Kuo G. , Voloschin Alfredo , Zhong Jim , Neill Stewart G. , Eaton Bree
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) includes high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based systemic therapy. Multiple regimens exist with no clear standard of care. We evaluated the impact of different therapies on PCNSL outcomes at a single institution. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 consecutive patients with PCNSL from 2002 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The log-rank test and univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathologic and treatment variables with outcomes. Results: Among the 62 patients treated with definitive systemic therapy, the median age was 58; 71% had a Karnofsky performance status > 70, 49% had a single lesion, 31% received HD-MTX alone, and 61% had HD-MTX + rituximab. The two-year OS and PFS were 64% (95% CI: 49.8–75.0%) and 49% (95% CI: 35.0–60.9%), respectively. On multivariable analysis, the completion of > six cycles of HD-MTX (HR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.21–0.76; p = 0.01) was associated with superior OS, while the use of rituximab was associated with inferior OS (HR 2.82; 95% CI: 1.37–5.83; p = 0.01). There were no significant associations between the OS and PFS with temozolomide, the extent of surgical resection, radiation, or the size or number of initial lesions (all p > 0.05). Discussion: Innovation is needed to improve the outcomes for patients with PCNSL.