bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Large Language Models Replace Coding Specialists? Evaluating GPT Performance in Medical Coding Tasks
Authors: Feng Yeli
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Large language Models (LLM), GPT in particular, have demonstrated near human-level performance in medical domain, from summarizing clinical notes and passing medical licensing examinations, to predictive tasks such as disease diagnoses and treatment recommendations. However, currently there is little research on their efficacy for medical coding, a pivotal component in health informatics, clinical trials, and reimbursement management. This study proposes a prompt framework and investigates its effectiveness in medical coding tasks.
Methods: First, a medical coding prompt framework is proposed. This framework aims to improve the performance of complex coding tasks by leveraging state-of-the-art (SOTA) prompt techniques including meta prompt, multi-shot learning, and dynamic in-context learning to extract task specific knowledge. This framework is implemented with a combination of commercial GPT-4o and open-source LLM. Then its effectiveness is evaluated with three different coding tasks. Finally, ablation studies are presented to validate and analyze the contribution of each module in the proposed prompt framework.
Results: On the MIMIC-IV dataset, the prediction accuracy is 68.1% over the 30 most frequent MS-DRG codes. The result is comparable to SOTA 69.4% that fine-tunes the open-source LLaMA model, to the best of our knowledge. And the top-5 accuracy is 90.0%. The clinical trial criteria coding task results in a macro F1 score of 68.4 on the CHIP-CTC test dataset in Chinese, close to 70.9, the best supervised model training method in comparison. For the less complex semantic coding task, our method results in a macro F1 score of 79.7 on the CHIP-STS test dataset in Chinese, which is not competitive with most supervised model training methods in comparison.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that for complex medical coding tasks, carefully designed prompt-based learning can achieve similar performance as SOTA supervised model training approaches. Currently, it can be very helpful assistants, but it does not replace human coding specialists. With the rapid advancement of LLM, their potential to reliably automate complex medical coding in the near future cannot be underestimated.
Efficient Program Optimization through Knowledge-Enhanced LoRA Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
Authors: Xu Caixu , Guo Hui , Cen Caicun , Chen Minglang , Tao Xiongjie , He Jie
Published: January 2025

Source code optimization enables developers to enhance programs at the human-computer interaction level, thereby improving development efficiency and product quality. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), fine-tuning and prompting have become mainstream solutions for this task. However, both approaches present challenges: fine-tuning is resource-intensive due to the exponential growth in the scale of LLMs, whereas prompting, although resource-efficient, struggles to generate high-quality optimized programs. In this paper, we present CodeOPT, a LoRA-driven approach for fine-tuning LLMs to optimize C/C++ code. Instead of fine-tuning all LLM parameters, CodeOPT leverages LoRA to fine-tune only an optimization adapter, significantly reducing the number of trainable parameters. Additionally, we incorporate prior optimization knowledge during fine-tuning and introduce optimization-based instruction fine-tuning, enabling LLMs to effectively learn from external knowledge sources to improve program optimization. To evaluate the effectiveness of CodeOPT, we benchmarked it against several baselines on challenging programming tasks from different code completion platforms. Experimental results demonstrate that CodeOPT outperforms all baselines, including the state-of-the-art, while keeping modifications to the original program minimal.
Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with organ involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Shengnan , Zhu Yantong , Zhang Liupan , Kong Wei , Sun Yue
Published: January 2025

Background
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been used to estimate disease activity in many diseases. Our study aims to determine the role of NLR and PLR in evaluating vasculitis activity and specific organ involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 81 AAV patients. Clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations and Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) were collected. Correlation analysis was performed between NLR/PLR and BVAS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated for differentiating organ involvement.
Results
Both NLR and PLR were positively correlated with BVAS in AAV patients. AAV patients with pulmonary, cardiac or renal involvement exhibited higher levels of NLR and PLR than those without pulmonary, cardiac or renal involvement. Notably, area under curves (AUC) of NLR and PLR for differentiating cardiac involvement were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.53–0.95) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94), respectively.
Conclusions
NLR and PLR showed favorable performance in accessing vasculitis activity and specific organ involvement in AAV patients.
Nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first-line treatment in advanced biliary tract cancer: results of a multicentre, randomised, phase II trial
Authors: Yang xiao , Zhuang Liang , Cheng Heng hui , Dai Yu Hong , Zhang Ming-Sheng , Fu Qiang , Liu shun fang , Sun Li , Zou Yan mei , Xu Hai-Sheng , Qiu Ping , Huang Qiao , Qiu Hong
Published: January 2025

Background: the efficacy and safety of conventional first-line chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinomas (ABTCs) have been unsatisfactory.
Objectives: We aimed to explore alternative chemotherapeutic regimens capable of providing a better efficacy and fewer side effects.
Design: Multicentre, randomised, phase II clinical trial
Methods: Eligible patients with unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic biliary system tumours diagnosed by pathology or cytology between January 2021 and November 2022 were included. The participants were randomised to either a gemcitabine-cisplatin group (GC) or an albumin-paclitaxel-cisplatin group (NC). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary outcome, whereas overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were the secondary outcomes.
Results: The trial enrolled 75 patients and had a median follow-up period of 11 months. The median PFS (mPFS) was 7.8 m (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4–14.0 m) in the NC group, and 7.0 m (95%CI: 3.9–10.1 m) in the GC group (p=0.0034, hazard ratio [HR]=0.5136, 95%CI: 0.3136–0.8411). Median OS for the NC group was 12.4 m (95%CI: 7.3–22.3 m) and for the GC group was 12.1 m (95%CI: 6.7–20.7 m), with no significant differences (p=0.4592, HR=0.811, 95%CI: 0.463–1.442). PFS rates at 6 and 8 months were 48.24% vs. 70.8% and 8.51% vs. 32.0% for the NC and the GC group, respectively (p < 0.05). Regarding safety, although patients from both groups experienced thrombocytopenia, those in the NC group demonstrated significantly lower rates (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Compared with the GC group, the NC group showed a significantly increased mPFS, in addition to higher PFS rates at 6 and 8 months. Furthermore, the NC group showed lower haematological toxicity. This suggests that paclitaxel-based regimens may be a viable alternative for first-line treatment of ABTCs.
Registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifiers: NCT04692051. Registered October 31, 2018
(Web Links -https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=38440)
Evidence from Gravity and Remote Sensing: A Structural High and Neotectonics Activity Associated with the Hydrogeological Divider at the Iraqi-Saudi Border
Authors: Al-Zubedi Ahmed S. , Al-Bahadily Hayder A. , Al-Saady Younus I.
Published: January 2025

Information about groundwater resources in arid regions is certainly invaluable. Therefore, this study applied an integrated approach combining geophysical, remote sensing, and hydrogeological data in a GIS framework to analyze groundwater movement patterns and accumulation in the Desert Hydrogeological Region of Iraq, concentrating on the Saffawi area. The methodology incorporated gravity and magnetic data, satellite imagery (Sentinel-2 and ALOS PALSAR), digital elevation models, and a hydrogeological database. Analyses revealed evidence of neotectonic activity in the Saffawi area, marked by structural uplift reflected in positive gravity anomaly and fault activation near the Ediacaran basement. This uplift altered drainage patterns, promoted groundwater infiltration, and reshaped groundwater flow within the Umm Er Radhuma and Tayarat aquifers, forming the interconnected "Safawi Hydrogeological Flow System". The study emphasizes the role of tectonic activity in controlling groundwater dynamics and underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in hydrogeological investigations.
Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the time of diagnosis of liver metastasis is an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer liver metastasis (PCLM)
Authors: Huang Huiying , Yin Wencheng , Zhang Hua , Guo LiMei , Cao Baoshan
Published: January 2025

Background
Pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis (PCLM) has a very poor chance of long-term survival. There is a lack of effective prognostic markers that reflect the tumor microenvironment in those patients.
Objective
This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of systemic immune-inflammation index neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in PCLM.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in cases of PCLM at our institution between November 2011 and November 2022. NLR, PLR, and LMR values were available and analyzed with respect to survival outcomes. Log-rank and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between baseline NLR, PLR, LMR at the time of diagnosis of liver metastasis, and progressive free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results
A total of 108 patients with PCLM were included of whom the optimal prognostic OS cutpoint for NLR, PLR, and LMR were 3.5, 3.4, and 172.5, respectively. OS (p < 0.0001) and PFS (p < 0.0001) was significantly decreased in PCLM with high NLR compared to low NLR groups. Similarly, OS (p = 0.03) and PFS (p = 0.02) shortened in high PLR groups. In univariate analysis of variables, NLR (HR = 2.24 [1.45, 3.45], P = 0.000) and CA199 levels (HR = 1.73 [1.11, 2.69], P = 0.015) were found to have a significant correlation with OS, and NLR (HR = 2.28 [1.5, 3.46], P = 0.000) and PLR (HR = 1.63 [1.06, 2.5], P = 0.026) were found to be significantly relevant for PFS. On multivariate analysis, NLR (HR = 2.38 [1.41, 4.04], P = 0.001) and CA199 (HR = 2.09 [1.27, 3.44], P = 0.004) were found to be as independent prognostic factors for OS, only NLR (HR = 2.08 [1.29, 3.34], P = 0.002) was found to be as an independent prognostic factor for PFS.
Conclusion
Baseline NLR at the time of diagnosis of liver metastasis is an independent prognostic value for PCLM. NLR may serve as a good potential biomarker of prognosis for these patients in clinic.
Investigation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of Substituted Phenethylamine-Based Imine and Metal Complexes
Authors: BAYRAM Taha Yasin , YILDIRIM Merve , AKSAKAL Elif , OZGERİS Bunyamin , GORMEZ Arzu
Published: January 2025

Imine is a bioactive molecule formed by the reaction of primary amine with aldehyde or ketone. Imines can form stable complexes with metals due to a C = N group in their structures. These complexes have antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Based on the literature data, this study synthesized substituted phenethylamine-based imine compounds copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) metal complexes. The synthesized imine-metal complexes' antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes was tested against pathogens using the disk diffusion method. No antimicrobial activity was observed for the metal complexes. The anticancer activity of the metal complexes was investigated on lung cancer cell line (A549) and healthy dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF) using WST-8 and SRB assay methods. The results revealed dose-dependent anticancer activity of the metal complexes in the A549 cell line, with IC50 values ​​ranging from 43.65 to 99.36 µg/mL. Additionally, dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of the compounds were observed in HDF cells. The responses of the compounds to free radicals and oxidative stress were evaluated using ABTS and CUPRAC methods. However, no antioxidant activity was detected for the metal complexes. Based on these analyses, it is predicted that imine-metal complexes may be potential candidates as anticancer agents.
Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay titer for neurosyphilis diagnosis among HIV-negative syphilis patients
Authors: Shi Mei , Long Fuquan , Zou Danyang , Gu Xin , Ni Liyan , Cheng Yuanyuan , Qi Tengfei , Zhao Wei , Zhu Lin , Guan Zhifang , Zhou Pingyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose The study aimed to assess the association between CSF-TPPA titer and the presence of neurosyphilis, and to determine the optimal CSF-TPPA titer cutoff for diagnosing neurosyphilis.
Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at a single center from April 2020 and January 2022.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of CSF-TPPA titer in the diagnosis for neurosyphilis. The relationship between CSF-TPPA titer and neurosyphilis was investigated by restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves.
Results A total of 715 HIV-negative syphilis patients were included in the final analysis.
CSF-TPPA was reactive in 443 cases (62.0%), with a median titer of 1:160 (IQR, Negative to 1:2560). The area under curve (AUC) of CSF-TPPA titer was 0.967 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.951- 0.979). CSF-TPPA titer ≥ 1:320 provided a sensitivity of 92.53% and a specificity of 87.96% for the identification of neurosyphilis. For those presumptive neurosyphilis patients, CSF-TPPA ≥1:320 could effectively identified symptomatic neurosyphilis. The RCS curve revealed a non-linear and positive association between CSF-TPPA titer and risk of neurosyphilis. After full adjustments for confounding covariates, it showed that the prevalence of neurosyphilis was relatively flat until CSF-TPPA titer reached 1:320 and then started to escalated rapidly afterwards.
Conclusion This study revealed that a CSF-TPPA titer ≥ 1:320 can be used as a highly sensitive and practical marker for diagnosing neurosyphilis. A titer threshold of ≥1:320 could offer a reliable alternative in cases when CSF-VDRL is negative.
The role of eco-digital learning in enhancing the impact of IoT, blockchain, and artificial intelligence on green supply chain for SME internationalization
Authors: Faisol  , Sri Widiawati Hestin , Aswi Ramadhani Risky , Agus Sumantri Bambang
Published: January 2025

The study aims to analyze the moderating role of eco-digital learning for the impact of the Internet of Things, blockchain, and artificial intelligence on the green supply chain to support SME internationalization. Questionnaires were distributed among 159 SME owners in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that the adoption of the Internet of Things demonstrates a significant positive effect (p = 0.0000, T-statistic = 4.6695), improving real-time monitoring and operational efficiency. Blockchain also positively affects SME internationalization (p-value = 0.0085, T-statistic = 2.6427), enhancing supply chain transparency and ensuring compliance with international standards. In contrast, the influence of artificial intelligence is marginally significant (p = 0.0799, T-statistic = 1.7548), constrained by financial limitations and lack of expertise. The moderating effects of eco-digital learning show mixed results. It significantly moderates the relationship between the Internet of Things and internationalization in a negative direction (coefficient = –0.0651, p = 0.0475), suggesting that increased eco-digital learning may add complexity, potentially delaying the benefits of the Internet of Things. For blockchain, eco-digital learning enhances its positive impact (p = 0.0277, T-statistic = 2.2085) by strengthening the organization’s ability to leverage transparency and sustainability. However, no significant moderating effect is observed for artificial intelligence (p = 0.2066, T-statistic = 1.2646), indicating limited integration due to resource constraints. These findings highlight the importance of technological readiness, resource allocation, and alignment of digital learning to fully capitalize on the benefits of these technologies in the global market expansion of SMEs.
AcknowledgmentsDeepest gratitude is extended to the Ministry of Education and Culture, Directorate of Research, Technology, and Community Service (DRTPM), for the financial support provided through the National Competitive Research Program under the “Regular Fundamental Research” scheme for the 2024 fiscal year. This support was instrumental in enabling the successful completion of this research.
Structural instability motion and optimization of the demolition and blasting scheme for complex continuous multi-span frame-shear structure
Authors: Jia Haipeng , Zhao Yuxia , Shen Tong , Song Qianqian
Published: January 2025

Due to challenges faced during demolition and blasting processes such as conducting prototype monitoring tests on large continuous multi-span structures or carrying out full-area dynamic monitoring of overall structural stress; This paper takes the demolition of the Ruzhou Unicom building as the background, optimizes the design of the demolition and blasting program through theoretical analysis and simulation monitoring, and also studies the form of structural instability movement and the deformation of the key parts of the damage and internal force characteristics, and obtains the following conclusions: the axial force reaches the maximum value when the building is not deflected; when the first-order derivative of the shear force is 0, the maximum shear stress occurs at the position of 2/3 of the height of the building; When the first-order derivative of bending moment is 0, the maximum bending moment occurs at 1/3 of the building height. In Mushroom Pavilion incision formation, the support part of the main structure produces a downward force, exacerbating the disintegration of the main part of the damage; the main structure of the collapse process, the back row of columns are mainly presented as bending shear damage, the upper side beams are mainly presented as tensile damage, the central and lower side beams are mainly presented as compression shear damage. Notably, the bidirectional notch configuration results in a forward displacement of 9.5 meters and a subsequent recoil of 4.6 meters, providing effective shielding for the military fiber-optic cables positioned at the forefront and the adjacent deep excavation pits. Additionally, this configuration facilitates the rapid establishment of a stable collapse pattern between the Mushroom Pavilion structure and its main body, ultimately accelerating the disintegration of the overall building structure during the collapse event.
Advanced design strategies and applications for enhanced higher-order multisegment denatured pascal curve gears
Authors: Zhao Huacheng , Chen Jianneng , Xu Gaohuan
Published: January 2025

The existing Pascal curve gears suffer from limited flexibility in pitch curves and restricted changes in transmission ratios. This has impeded the application in a range of mechanical systems that require more adaptable gear solutions. For this, a design procedure for higher-order multisegment denatured Pascal curve gear is proposed. This innovative design offers greater flexibility in pitch curves and allows for a broader range of transmission ratios. The analysis of the transmission ratio confirms the theoretical predictions and highlights the effectiveness of the proposed gear design in achieving variable transmission ratios. The transmission mechanism of the higher-order multisegment denatured Pascal curve gear is analyzed and the unified mathematical expression of the families of Pascal curve gear is derived. The non-circular gears with free-form pitch curves can be obtained from higher-order multi-segment denatured Pascal curves by adjusting design parameters to unify different types of pitch curves. This approach provides significant flexibility in achieving specific transmission characteristics. Then the transmission characteristics are discussed. To further validate the design, the visual analysis and design software of the higher-order multisegment denatured Pascal curve gear is compiled based on Visual Basic, and is verified with the example. The novelty Pascal curve gears is applied to drive the differential velocity vane pump. The displacement, instantaneous flow rate, and pulsation rate of the differential velocity vane pump are calculated. The novelty drive mechanism could meet the requirements and have good performance. The application shows that the higher-order multisegment denatured Pascal curve gear is feasible in practice.
Early Exposure to Research: Its Impact on Medical Students’ Educational Experience and Interest in Future Research
Authors: Afshar Zahra Shahriyari , Esmaeli Sara , Azhar Farah , Rathan Ramya
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Integration of research into medical education is crucial for cultivating physician-scientists capable of advancing medical breakthroughs. It is
imperative to take these measures for early medical students to establish a strong research foundation for future healthcare professionals.

Methods:

This study investigated the impact of early research exposure on pre-clinical medical students at Gulf Medical University (GMU). A sample size of
85 MD students participated in the study, which spanned six months. In GMU, early exposure to research begins with sessions integrated into the
Medical Education and Lifelong Learning (MEL) course during the first year, covering the structure and function of different sections of a research
paper and practical application through Journal Article Discussions (JADs) in journal clubs in the 2nd year.

Results:

The intervention involved the evaluation of these measures through pre-validated MCQs and a self-administered questionnaire. MCQ results revealed that over 70% of students scored above 40% on research knowledge assessments. Additionally, a questionnaire comprising open and close-ended questions revealed that most of the students reported a positive agreement in understanding research structures.

Conclusion:

The findings underscored the necessity of incorporating research into medical curricula to enhance students' research competencies and foster a
positive attitude toward research. This study highlighted the importance of early research exposure in developing future physician-scientists.
Enhance Anti-obesity Effect of Natural Compounds through Carrier
Mediation
Authors: Peng Mingyue , Wang Hao , Liu Zhenjing , Wang Shaoqian , Qin Haoqiang , Wang Ziyang , Cui Mingxiao , Liu Kehai , Liu Pingping
Published: January 2025

Obesity is a global public health problem that can lead to many health complications or comorbidities. Medication alone or in combination with lifestyle changes or
surgery is the main way to combat obesity and its complications. Most anti-obesity
drugs are limited by their bioavailability, target-specific, and potentially toxic effects, so
there is an urgent need for alternative treatments. Based on the new revelation of the
pathogenesis of obesity, as well as the efforts of multidisciplinary integration of materials, some emerging obesity treatment strategies are gradually entering the field of preclinical and clinical research. By analyzing the current status and challenges of natural
compounds in obesity treatment, this review systematically summarizes the advanced
functions and prospects of carrier delivery of natural ingredients in targeted delivery of
obesity, as well as their application in obesity treatment. Finally, on the basis of systematic analysis of anti-obesity, the future prospects and challenges in this field are put forward.
Interaction between microRNA and KRAS in Glioblastoma
Authors: Beylerli Ozal , Musaev Elmar , Soto Gervith Reyes , Rangel Carlos Castillo , De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez Manuel , Ilyasova Tatiana
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) characterized byits rapid progression and challenging
prognosis, often featuring mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) gene,
which is crucial for numerous cellular signaling mechanisms. Emerging research underscores a significant interaction between KRAS and microRNAs (miRNAs) in these cancers, with miRNAs playing key roles as both regulators and mediators within the KRAS
signaling framework. The concept of oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is explored as
a protective mechanism against tumor development, examining how K-RAS signaling is
meticulously adjusted to bypass senescence, thereby enhancing cell growth and survival.
In this study, we identify certain miRNAs that directly impact KRAS through mRNA targeting or by influencing its downstream signaling cascades. In turn, pathways activated
by KRAS can modify the levels of specific miRNAs, establishing a feedback loop that
balances cell regulation and tumor progression. We propose a theoretical framework
where these interactions are crucial for deciphering the molecular underpinnings of
GBM, potentially paving the way for innovative treatment approaches that focus on the
miRNA-KRAS connection.
The Role of Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular Biology Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Akram Mohammed A. , Khodja Abdelhamid , Dalibalta Sarah , Majdalawieh Amin F.
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis is a complex vascular disease characterized by the buildup of
lipids, inflammatory cells and fibrous components in arterial walls leading to plaque formation
and potential thrombotic events like myocardial infarction and strokes. Recently,
there has been research on the roles of various types of lipids such as low-density lipoprotein
(LDL) cholesterol, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol and small dense LDL (sdLDL)
in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. These lipoproteins contribute to
dysfunction and inflammation processes that play a role in the development and instability
of plaques. Moreover, certain enzymes and proteins linked to lipids have been associated
with atherosclerosis highlighting the complex interplay between lipid metabolism
and inflammation in this disease. This review delves into the mechanisms behind
atherosclerosis focusing on the involvement of lipids, enzymes and regulatory proteins.
Additionally, it will also discuss present treatments as well as new therapeutic approaches
that target these molecular mechanisms with the goal of advancing our knowledge
about atherosclerosis and guiding future treatment strategies.
Mechanistic Insights into the Role of MCP-1 in Diverse Liver Pathological
Conditions: A Recent Update
Authors: Dhengle Sahil , Maharana Krushna Ch. , Meenakshi Sarasa , Singh Sanjiv
Published: January 2025

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is regarded as a crucial proinflammatory cytokine
that controls the migration and entry of macrophages. It has been demonstrated that chemokine ligand 2 and
its receptor, chemokine receptor 2, are both implicated in several liver disorders. In a similar context, immunity
mediators are overexpressed and stimulated by MCP-1. Additionally, MCP-1 alters the physiology of the hepatocytes,
promoting immunologic and inflammatory responses beyond regular metabolism. Alcoholism and
other factor including abnormal diet stimulate the liver’s synthesis of MCP-1, which can result in inflammation
in liver. Studies shows how MCP-1' linked to various liver disorders like alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis,
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis.
MCP-1 not only predicts the onset, progression, and prognosis of the illness, but it is also directly related
to the degree and stage of liver inflammation. In this review, we will explore the mechanism and connection
between MCP-1’s overexpression in liver disorders, further how it can be linked as a therapeutic biomarker
in the above scenario.
Strengthening Effect of Thalidomide Combined with an Anti-PD1
Antibody on Enhancing Immunity for Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Qing , Chiang Zu-Chian , Zhao Xiangqian , Cui Dongya , Li Xinxin , Chen Hao , Lin Fangyu , Jiang Tao , Chen Qi , Lin Xiaoyan , Lin Jizhen
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents offers
a promising strategy to counteract the cooperative promotion of solid tumor growth by immune
checkpoints and intratumoral angiogenesis.

Methods:

We investigated the potential of thalidomide (THD) and anti-PD-1 antibody (PD-1
mAb) in suppressing tumor growth, enhancing immunity, and inhibiting angiogenesis.

Results:

THD exhibited regulatory effects on PD-1 in CD4+ T cells and PD-L1 in cancer cells,
along with tumor growth inhibition in A549 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell lines. Combined with PD-1 mAb, THD increased intracellular IL-2 and IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells,
enhanced granzyme (Gzm-B) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and
reduced TNF-α expression in CD4+ T cells. In C57BL/6 mice, THD plus PD-1 mAb decreased
LLC-derived lung tumor weight and volume, boosted CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors, and reduced CD34+ intratumoral microvessel density

Conclusion:

This study highlights THD’s role in modifying the tumor microenvironment to enhance PD-1 mAb efficacy, proposing a clinically feasible approach for improving PD-1 mAb
treatment outcomes.
miR-34 as a Critical Regulator in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dari Mahrokh Abouali Gale , Jaberian Asl Bahar , Dayer Dian , Azizidoost Shirin , Farzaneh Maryam , Salehi Abdolah Mousavi
Published: January 2025

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecologic disease characterized by the
uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells in the ovaries, fallopian tubes,
or peritoneum. Emerging evidence has shown the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs
(ncRNAs), such as miRNAs, in driving the pathogenesis of OC. miRNAs are
recognized as small ncRNAs that play critical roles in regulating gene expression in
normal development and in disease states, including OC. Among miRNAs, the
expression of miR-34a was found to be downregulated in OC. Elevated levels of this
miRNA are associated with the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of OC cell
proliferation by targeting various signaling pathways, including NOTCH1, P21/P53,
STAT3, and BCL2 in OC. Therefore, miR-34a can be a therapeutic target in the
management of OC. In this review, we summarized the functional significance of this
miRNA in the treatment of OC.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Natural Analogs and Different
Metabolites of Curcumin for the Inhibition of the Influenza Virus Proteins
in a Simulated Environment
Authors: Asadi-Samani Majid , Altememy Dhiya , Saffari-Chaleshtori Javad , Moradi Mohammad-Taghi
Published: January 2025

Background::

Background: Curcumin possesses numerous properties, including anti-influenza effects.
Various natural analogs and metabolites of curcumin have been identified.

Objective:

Objective: To better understand the mechanism of curcumin's anti-influenza effect, the inhibitory
effect of natural analogs and secondary metabolites of curcumin on 11 influenza virus proteins
was investigated in a simulated environment

Methods::

Molecular data and structural files of curcumin, its natural analogs, and secondary
metabolites were retrieved from the PubChem database for conversion to PDB files. Viral protein
sequences were obtained from uniprot.org, and PDB structures of proteins were predicted using an
online protein structure and I-TASSER server. Using AutoDock 4.2 software, the molecular docking
studies were performed.

Results::

Three natural analogs of curcumin had a greater affinity to the PB1-F2 protein of the
virus. The Binding Energies (BEs) of curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin
to the PB1-F2 protein were -8.28, -8.44, and -8.46 kcal/mol, respectively. Although bisdemethoxycurcumin
had the lowest BE, it interacted with fewer amino acids in the active site of the protein
compared to the other analogs. Curcumin metabolites were less likely to bind to influenza virus
protein than curcumin.

Conclusion::

Our study indicated curcumin and its analogs to have the greatest affinity to the PB1-
F2 protein compared to other viral proteins. Given the role of this protein in increasing inflammation
caused by influenza, curcumin may reduce inflammation in patients by affecting the function
of this protein.
Clinical Outcomes of Total or Partial Renal Artery Embolization in Patients with Spontaneous Renal Bleeding
Authors: Lee Hyo Jeong , Oh Chang Hoon , Cho Soo Buem , Choi Sang Lim
Published: January 2025

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate renal artery embolization in patients with spontaneous renal artery bleeding based on detailed angiographic
findings and a comprehensive analysis of its efficacy and clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated the outcomes of renal artery embolization in 18 cases among 15 patients (11 men and 4 women; mean age: 57.9
years) treated for spontaneous renal bleeding at our institution between March 2017 and October 2023. Data derived from abdominal computed
tomography (CT) and arteriography were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of embolization.

Results:

Most patients had end-stage renal disease or renal atrophy, with common findings on CT scans, including signs of active bleeding in 66.7% (10/15)
and hematoma extending to the retroperitoneal space in 53.3% (8/15). Microcoils were commonly used for embolization (n = 10), with a technical
success rate of 100% and primary and final clinical success rates of 80% and 100%, respectively. No major complications were reported during the
follow-up, and clinical improvement was observed in all patients who underwent total embolization, with few instances of reduced hematoma size
and renal atrophy.

Conclusion:

Transarterial embolization is safe and effective for controlling spontaneous renal hemorrhage.
The Function of Poly (U) Binding Splicing Factor 60 (PUF60) in Disease Regulation
Authors: Chen Huijuan , Guan Tian , Song Jingfeng , Chen Yihua
Published: January 2025

The alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA is an important process in controlling the expression of
human genes, which can enrich the diversity of the proteome and regulate gene function. On the contrary, aberrant
splicing contributes significantly to numerous human diseases progression, including tumors, neurological
diseases, metabolic diseases, infections, and immune diseases. The PUF60, a protein related to RNA splicing,
plays critical functions in RNA splicing and gene transcription regulation. In addition, it can achieve synergistic
binding with U2AF65 on RNA through interactions in the pyrimidine region, promoting the splicing of introns
with weak 3'- splice sites and pyrimidine bundles. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of evidence supports that it
shows a significant overexpression pattern in the vast majority of cancer cells and is crucial for embryonic development,
indicating that PUF60 may hold the post of a potential therapeutic target for such diseases. These studies
have significantly increased our interest in PUF60. Thus, we briefly reviewed the structural domain characteristics
of the PUF60, splicing mutants of PUF60, and the roles and functions in human diseases, including various
cancers, infections of bacterium and viruses, myositis, and Verheij syndrome. Furthermore, the targeted PUF60
inhibitors and boundedness of the current research were elaborated on in the article. The article effectively communicates
critical perception and insight, making it a precious resource for those interested in PUF60 research
and treatment.
Pioneering a New Era in Oral Cancer Treatment with Electrospun Nanofibers: A Comprehensive Insight
Authors: Tripathi Devika , Gupta Tanya , Rai Awani Kumar , Pandey Prashant
Published: January 2025

Oral cancer, currently ranked 16th among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide according to
GLOBOCAN, presents significant challenges to global oral health. Conventional treatment modalities such as
surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy often have limitations, prompting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution aimed at developing biocompatible, functional,
and biologically responsive tissue constructs. This approach involves the integration of cells, bioactive compounds,
and scaffolds to enhance treatment efficacy. Electrospun nanofibers, mimicking the extracellular matrix,
exhibit considerable potential in addressing complex oral health issues by influencing cellular behavior. The
versatility of electrospinning technology allows for the fabrication of fiber scaffolds with high surface area, making
them ideal for localized delivery of bioactive compounds or pharmaceuticals. Enhancing these electrospun
scaffolds with growth factors, nanoparticles, and biologically active substances significantly increases their therapeutic
appeal in oral cancer management. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the various applications
of electrospun nanofibers in oral cancer therapy. Utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, CrossREF,
and Google Scholar, we conducted an extensive review of relevant literature concerning "electrospun nanofibers"
and their therapeutic potential in oral cancer treatment. Key topics addressed include engineering methodologies,
drug diffusion mechanisms, factors influencing nanofiber scaffold design, toxicity concerns, and clinical implications.
The findings underscore the transformative potential of electrospun nanofibers in revolutionizing oral cancer
therapy.
Research Hotspots and Trends of RNA Research in Diabetic Retinopathy: Insights From Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yin Dan , Luo Xianke , Wei Maoying , Tang Yiting , Jiang Yijia , Wang Churan , Li Aijing , Guo Jingyi , Gong Yanbing
Published: January 2025

Background:

Research on RNA in diabetic retinopathy (DR) has received increasing attention
in recent years. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the
current status and future direction of RNA research in DR. Therefore, this study used bibliometric
analysis to summarize the global trends and current status of DR RNA research to date.

Methods:

We searched the Web of Science for studies related to DR RNA research before July
2024 and then used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to generate knowledge visualization maps.

Results:

A total of 1,103 articles related to RNA research in DR were retrieved. China has the
most articles, followed by the USA and Japan. Wayne State University, Nanjing Medical University,
and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the three most productive institutions. Investigative
Ophthalmology & Visual Science was the most popular journal in this field. Kowluru, Renu A
from Wayne State University published the most number of articles. Keyword analysis showed
that the research hotspot in this field is the role of miRNAs in apoptosis and neovascularization in
DR. Non-coding RNAs and extracellular vesicles are future research trends.

Conclusion:

The results of this bibliometric study provide information on the current status and
trends in the field of RNA research in DR. RNA research could lead to new diagnostic methods
and therapeutic strategies for DR. Our findings can help researchers understand the current status
of RNA research in DR and identify new directions for further research.
Adherence to CONSORT for Abstracts in Orthodontic Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Leading Journals (2018-2022)
Authors: Alharbi Fahad , Asiri Saeed
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the adherence to CONSORT guidelines for reporting abstracts of orthodontic RCTs published in leading journals.

Methods

This retrospective observational study examined abstracts of RCTs published in four orthodontic journals (2018-2022): American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), Journal of Orthodontics (JO), European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO), and Angle Orthodontist Journal (AO). The abstracts were identified using keywords and then assessed for completeness based on the CONSORT for Abstracts checklist. Inter-examiner reliability was assessed to ensure consistency in scoring.

Results

The mean CONSORT score for adherence to reporting guidelines was 65.6%, indicating that abstracts often lacked essential information. There was variation between journals, with the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics achieving the highest average score. The completeness of reporting varied across different CONSORT items. Essential elements like the study participants, interventions, objectives, outcomes, and conclusions were consistently reported. However, crucial methodological details such as randomization procedures, blinding techniques, recruitment status, adverse events, trial registration, and funding sources were frequently missing from the abstracts.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for improved reporting quality in abstracts of orthodontic RCTs. Key areas requiring more attention include providing details on trial design, participant characteristics, and funding sources. Standardizing word count limitations across journals could potentially give authors more space to ensure comprehensive reporting within abstracts. Furthermore, by implementing these changes, researchers can ensure that abstracts provide readers with the essential information needed to make informed decisions about orthodontic treatments.
A Comprehensive Pharmacological Review of Natural Products Active Ingredients in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hong Ran , Zhang Zengni , Sun Xiaoli , Chen Yajuan , Wei HuiLin , Chen Qiulin , Zhou Lisha , Zhou Xia , Chen Wenwen , Wan Jun
Published: January 2025

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific, prolonged, and recurrent autoimmune disease
characterized by diarrhea, mucopurulent stools, and abdominal pain. Modern medicine believes that
the disease is related to infectious, genetic, psychiatric, allergic and especially autoimmune factors,
but the exact cause is unknown. Given that the disease is recurrent, aggravating and persistent, and
has a certain cancer rate, it is increasingly urgent to find effective treatments. It has been proved that
UC is related to the abnormal regulation of signaling pathways in the body, dysregulation of intestinal
ecology, and intestinal immune disorders, and natural products active ingredients for the treatment
of UC have the advantage of long-term efficacy and less toxic side effects compared to existing
drugs. This paper reviews the pharmacological mechanisms associated with UC to gain insight into
the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products active ingredients for UC and to better understand
the advantages and potential of natural products active ingredients in the treatment of UC. This will
provide guidance for the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs, and offer new hope
for improving the quality of life of patients with UC.
Microbial Fuel Cell an Alternative for Sustainable Energy Production: Substrate, Challenges and Application
Authors: Saraf Renuka , Goyal Ayushi , Jain Divya , Dutt Kakoli
Published: January 2025

The concept of bioelectricity has been known for over half a century. Its modern
application in the form of a battery or fuel cell utilizing microbes and degradable organic molecules
opens up a new domain of energy production in the form of Microbial fuel cells (MFC). This
technology not only supports the sustainable development goals by being green and but also
facilitates the utilization of a wide range of biosubstrates, leading to coupled applications like
wastewater treatment, desalination, etc. The development of viable models of MFC and their
possible scale-up for use is a major focus of the researchers as the global energy crisis increases and
the search for alternatives widens. The construction, configuration, electrodes, electrolytes, and
microorganisms used play a very relevant role in determining the performance, longevity, and utility
of MFC. Furthermore, exploration of the underlying biochemical mechanisms and influence of MFC
components on it leading to variabilities in coulombic efficiencies and power output are key areas
underlying its development. This review attempts to present a cohesive summary of important
achievements in the development of MFC research attempted globally.
An Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing for Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Chen Ping , Ye Baibai , Lin Cheng , Chen Jia , Xia Chunping , Li Linfu
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 is a severe challenge facing the world today and poses a serious threat to
the global public health security. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing has played an active
role in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This study investigated the role of the
TCM in the nursing of COVID-19 patients, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of
its effectiveness and application. This article conducted a systematic review of recent studies and
clinical cases, analyzed the theoretical basis of TCM nursing for COVID-19, explored the role of
TCM nursing in COVID-19 prevention and control from multiple perspectives, such as Chinese
medicine treatment, acupuncture and massage treatment, and clinical nursing. Findings indicated
that TCM nursing interventions significantly improved patient recovery rates, reduced symptoms,
and enhanced overall well-being. In TCM clinical practice, clearing heat, herbs resolving dampness,
and relieving exterior symptoms are commonly used. These are complemented by phlegm-resolving,
Qi-regulating, and purgative herbs. Acupoints that can serve to support the body's righteousness
and attempt to eliminate evil are very common.. Massage should mainly affect the lung
meridian and its interior counterpart, the large intestine meridian, as well as regulate the
Zhongjiao and overall body condition through the spleen, stomach, and Ren-Du meridians. Clinical
nursing should not only address symptoms closely related to COVID-19, such as fever and respiratory
issues, but also consider digestion, sleep, and emotions of the patient. TCM nursing provided
a valuable complement to conventional treatments for COVID-19, emphasizing the need for
further integration of TCM practices in global health strategies.