bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over Rousseau, goede burgers en de participatiesamenleving
Authors: Kleistra Yvonne
Published: January 2020

On Rousseau, good citizens and the participatory society

In the Netherlands good citizenship has become a topic of increased importance on the government agenda since the murder of Pim Fortuyn. The author assesses the effectiveness of the Dutch citizenship policies within the context of the broader policy framework of the so-called participatory society (participatiesamenleving) or do-democracy (doe-democratie). The evaluative analysis consists of two parts. In the first part the changing ideas concerning good citizenship are identified as well as the normative assumptions that are at the basis of Dutch citizenship policies. In the second part, the potential of current policies, and in particular the ideas that gave rise to creating a new social contract between government and society are assessed. To this end some key aspects of the new contract thinking of the Dutch government are contrasted with the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The findings show that the current strive for tangible agreements on citizen behavior and civic duties is at odds with the main principles of classic contract theory. This leads to the conclusion that the new contractualism that is at the basis of the Dutch citizen policies should rather be seen as a threat to a stable society than as a building block for good citizenship.
Voorbij het ongemak over religie
Authors: Röselaers Joost
Published: January 2020

Beyond the discomfort in relation to religion – Social-liberalism and religion

The Dutch social-liberal party D66 was founded in 1966, in the aftermath of the pillarisation (on religious grounds) of Dutch society. The founders of D66 wanted to ‘blow up’ the pillarised political system. They strongly took distance from religions that were in their views oppressing. A certain anti-religion attitude was a part of the DNA of the party. For decades it was ‘bon ton’ to criticise religion. A turning point has recently been observed by the writer. There is still a discomfort in relation to religion, but this discomfort is more related to not-knowing than being against. The writer pleads for going beyond the discomfort. Religion – in the broad sense of the word – has a lot to offer to society. We indeed can’t live without binding stories, places that are loaded with meaning and festivities that reminds ourselves of who we are and who we would want to be. Finally the modernity and religion can strengthen each other: where modernity is skilled in criticising religion, the Christian religion can make a contribution by criticising modernity.
Lachiri/België: het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens blijft worstelen met de hoofddoek
Authors: Berger Maurits S.
Published: January 2020

Lachiri/Belgium: the European Court for Human Rights’ continuous struggle with the headscarf

In the ruling on Lachiri/Belgium, commentators discern a new development in the ECHR’s jurisprudence on the relationship between the headscarf and freedom of religion. According to the author, that is not the case: in fact, he observes a continued bias of the Court towards the headscarf.
Knowledge of students from the Institute nursery at the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole regarding natural feeding of infants
Authors: Kopitza Ewa , Wróblewska Izabela
Published: January 2020

[b]Introduction[/b]. From the year 2011 novel standards of perinatal care in force in Poland. The guidelines involve perinatal procedures, including those that refer to the period of lactation. It follows that promoting breast-feeding has become compulsory, is controlled by law and must be documented, analysed and reported back. In this connection, competences of medical workers appear to be of great importance, similarly as thorough knowledge regarding the subject of natural breast-feeding of infants.[b]Aim of research. [/b]Analysis of knowledge of average medical staff regarding natural breast-feeding of infants and dissemination of that knowledge.[b]Data and methods[/b]. The research was conducted in December of 2011and based on a specially designed questionnaire created by the authors. Interviewees were 136 nurses studying at the Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole.[b]Results[/b]. The majority of of respondents were 31-40 years old (54%), among them the highest percentage comprised of people having 10-19 years of work expirience (46%), born in cities (61%). The majority of interviewees breast-fed their children (85%), was thoroughly knowledgeable with respect to this subject and promoted such feeding method amongst their acquaintances.[b]Conclusions[/b]. 1.Regardless of age, place of residence and work experience, the interviewees breast-fed their infants. 2. The respondents promote breast-feeding to people whom they take care of. 3. The nurses interviewed consider their own knowledge regarding the period of lactationa as being on a very high level.
Łowiectwo w Federacji Rosyjskiej. Podstawy prawno-organizacyjne
Authors: Micińska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja podstawowych zagadnień prawnych odnoszących się do organizacji łowiectwa w Federacji Rosyjskiej, w szczególności takich jak zasady ogólne, ustalenia terminologiczne, struktura organizacyjna gospodarki łowieckiej, wymogi formalne wobec myśliwych, zasoby łowieckie i ich ochrona, kontrola i nadzór.
ANALYSE AND THE ASSESMENT OF STRATEGY OF THE NAVAL FORCES OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE TO 2035
Authors: Paczek Bartlomiej
Published: January 2020

The declaration of the former President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko that Ukraine was, is and will be a maritime state is a declaration confirming its maritime aspirations. In the case of the navy, such an important element of the state's maritime power, achieving quantitative and qualitative potential adequate to the declared marine aspirations will require the implementation of a program to modernize and expand all elements that constitute the marine type of armed forces. The need to expand and modernize the navy results not only from the country's maritime aspirations or the importance of the sea and maritime economy for Ukraine, but above all is caused by Russia's aggressive and confrontational policy in the Black Sea and Azov Sea regions. The publication presents a process of slowly decreasing the quantitative and qualitative potential of the Ukrainian navy. Awareness of the reality of the threat to Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity on the part of Russia has made political and military elites aware of the need to undertake remedial actions with respect to the navy. The article presents the next stages of the process of creating the Naval Strategy of Ukraine 2035 and the methodology used to create it
PROTECTION AGAINST MANPADS IN THE VICINITY OF CIVIL AIRPORTS
Authors: Ogonowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

Maintaining the security of the airport and its immediate surroundings is one of the most effective and available means of defense against MANPADS. Increased surveillance and patrols in the immediate vicinity of the airport, and increased observation of approach and landing corridors can identify a threat. Security measures focus on highrisk areas where arriving and departing aircraft are most vulnerable to attacks.
The increase in the number of flight operations is associated with an increasing number of passengers carried. Therefore, airports must be ready for continuous upgrades and improvements to improve safety, space as well as comfort for travelers. However, the airport is not only the terminal itself, but also the area of airport infrastructure, including the entire area it covers. It is at airports that most of all events occur that usually occur during the most important flight phases - take-off and landing
Kompleksowa ocena ryzyka realizacji inwestycji budowlanych
Authors: Skorupka Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Analiza ryzyka, to problem budzący zainteresowanie inwestorów oraz przedsiębiorców budowlanych w kraju i na świecie. W odpowiedzi na potrzeby rynku opracowano metody analizy i szacowania ryzyka. Przykładem znanych metod są: RAMP (ang. Risk Analysis and Management for Projects), metoda opracowana w The Institute of Civil Engineers w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz ICRAM (Model for International Construction Risk Assessment), której autorami są Macarand Hastak i Aury Shaked z Purdue University (USA). Metody te są dobre i sprawdzone, ale ujmują ryzyko z punktu widzenia inwestora. Ponadto są one przeznaczone raczej dla dużych, międzynarodowych koncernów budowlanych i nie spełniają oczekiwań krajowych przedsiębiorstw. Dlatego autor artykułu podjął się próby budowy własnej metody, odpowiadającej potrzebom rodzimego rynku.
Współpraca wojskowo-techniczna między Ukrainą, a Federacją Rosyjską – perspektywy rozwoju
Authors: Cierpiński Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

Wraz z uzyskaniem niepodległości w krajach poradzieckich dosyć szybko zdano sobie sprawę, że dramatyczny kryzys gospodarczy i związane z nim problemy budżetowe nie pozwolą na wykorzystanie mocy produkcyjnych rodzimych kompleksów wojskowo-przemysłowych przez zamówienia wewnętrzne, zaś sytuacja międzynarodowa doprowadziła jednocześnie do ograniczenia możliwości eksportowych. Nie można też zapominać, że w pierwszych latach po rozpadzie ZSRR w państwach poradzieckich mieliśmy do czynienia nie tyle z kompleksami wojskowo-przemysłowymi, co raczej z odłamkami jednego dawnego, niegdyś potężnego kompleksu Związku Radzieckiego.
Dywizyjny Zespół Doradczo-Szkoleniowy Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej Wojsk Lądowych (V Zmiana PKW Irak)
Authors: Bujak Andrzej
Published: January 2020

W ramach V zmiany PKW Irak z Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej Wojsk Lądowych wyjechał dywizyjny Zespól Doradczo-Szkoleniowy (MiTT, ang. Military Transition Team) w składzie 11 oficerów. Tok przygotowania tego zespołu obejmował zajęcia na terenie uczelni, tygodniowy kurs w Akademii Obrony Narodowej i ponad miesięczne szkolenie w OSP Nowa Dęba, które zakończyło się ćwiczeniem egzaminacyjnym.
De Genesi Aduersus Manicheos
Authors: Clemmons Thomas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This article examines Augustine’s early anthropology, particularly through De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos. The most thorough treatment of this topic is found in the enduring work of Robert J. O’Connell, SJ. O’Connell argues that Augustine drew directly from the Enneads in De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos to formulate his anthropology. This article evaluates and critiques the evidence and implications of O’Connell’s position concerning Augustine’s articulation of the “fall of the soul.” I argue that an attentive text-based reading of De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos reveals the shortcomings of O’Connell’s “Plotinian” rendering of Augustine’s anthropology. More importantly, I show that De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos illuminates dimensions of Augustine’s anthropology often overlooked. These include the human’s transformation to spiritalis through Christ and the eschatological configuration of the caeleste corpus. In contrast to O’Connell’s theory, which emphasizes the necessary “circularity” of Augustine’s anthropological framework (that is, the soul “returns” to a condition identical to the aboriginal state), I argue that in De Genesi aduersus Manichaeos Augustine advances an anthropology that is not merely “circular.”
Plano municipal de educação de Rio Branco/AC (2015-2025): processo de elaboração, concepção e aprovação
Authors: Moreira Ana Luce Galvão , Melo Lúcia De Fátima
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo se analisa o processo de concepção e aprovação do Plano Municipal de Educação de Rio Branco/AC, considerando o contexto em que foi configurado, o conjunto de forças determinantes para sua aprovação, atores envolvidos, tramitação e metas mais polêmicas. Além da lei n. 2.116/2015, a pesquisa utiliza como aporte Apple (2003), Hõfling (2001) e Mainardes (2006). Como elementos conclusivos constatou-se que o ensino sobre gênero e orientação sexual dominou o debate de elaboração do PME em detrimento dos desafios educacionais latentes no município; houve celeridade na discussão do plano em função das disputas políticas e que a redução de verbas se traduz na impossibilidade de cumprimento das metas expressas no PME de Rio Branco.Palavras-chave: política educacional; planejamento; plano municipal de educação.
O que pensam professores sobre avaliação: o núcleo central das representações sociais acerca de avaliação entre docentes do Colégio Pedro II
Authors: Mota Diego , Aguiar Juliana Maciel de
Published: January 2020

Neste texto aborda-se as concepções de avaliação entre professores do Colégio Pedro II no Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa teve como foco um elemento central nas práticas pedagógicas, tendo sido a análise feita com base na teoria das representações sociais. Nesse sentido, os resultados da investigação revelam um conjunto representacional de avaliação cujo caráter é somativo, classificatório e centrado em provas. Os vieses diagnósticos da avaliação são destacados por um grupo minoritário de professores e o núcleo central das representações sociais dos  docentes acerca de avaliação se aproxima dos limites presentes na cultura escolar tradicional e na estrutura institucional, os quais privilegiam o peso das provas nos processos de aprendizagem e progressão dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: avaliação da aprendizagem; prática docente; representações sociais.
Repenser l’accompagnement des stagiaires en travail social en situation de handicap
Authors: Bergeron-Leclerc Christiane , Simard Ève
Published: January 2020

Au sein des universités québécoises, les étudiants faisant partie de la population dite « émergente » sont maintenant plus nombreux que leurs homologues ayant des incapacités physiques à poursuivre des études universitaires. À l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi c’est au sein de l’Unité d’enseignement en travail social que se retrouve la plus grande proportion d’ÉSHÉ. Les défis variés auxquels se heurtent ces étudiants ayant des troubles mentaux ou neurodéveloppementaux lors de leur formation théorique ont tendance à s’accentuer lors des stages, conduisant à des situations d’abandon, de prolongation ou d’échecs. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire la structure d’accompagnement mise en place afin de soutenir ces étudiants en travail social.
Les multiples facettes du travail des formateurs de stagiaires : quels enjeux et quels défis ?
Authors: Leroux Julie Lyne
Published: January 2020

Cet article présente les thèmes abordés lors de la conférence de clôture d’une session d’études internationales qui a porté sur l’analyse du travail des formateurs de stagiaires dans les programmes de formations supérieures professionnalisantes. Il s’est agi de présenter notre regard sur le développement professionnel en stage, les postures et des gestes dans l’accompagnement et l’évaluation de stagiaires, les mesures d’accompagnement et d’accommodement des stagiaires en situation de handicap, les enjeux et les défis du travail de formateurs de stagiaires.
« Bruits de langues » et articulations : la poésie de Bernard Noël à contre-sensure
Authors: Bourassa Lucie
Published: January 2020

« Il n’y a pas de langue pour dire cela » (« L’outrage aux mots », dans L’outrage aux mots. Oeuvres II), écrit Bernard Noël à propos des atrocités qui se succèdent sans cesse depuis son enfance : répressions, terreurs, dictatures ; guerres, déportations, génocides. Cris d’une femme violée, hurlements de torturés, râles d’une vieille qu’on matraque : il est des horreurs qui mettent en échec la parole et nous ramènent à l’inarticulé – grognements, bruits, silences. Cependant, quand Noël parle du manque de langue, il ne renvoie pas seulement à l’indicible, il désigne aussi un problème inhérent aux rapports entre pouvoir, société et langage : « Il n’y a pas de langue parce que nous vivons dans un monde bourgeois, où le vocabulaire de l’indignation est exclusivement moral – or, c’est cette morale-là qui massacre et qui fait la guerre. Comment retourner sa langue contre elle-même quand on se retrouve censuré par sa propre langue ? » Réaliser ce retournement est un objectif fondamental pour l’écrivain, qui souhaite résister aux effets du pouvoir sur la langue, effets qu’il appelle « sensure ». Cet article traite cette question en l’abordant sous l’angle de l’articulation, lié à une critique du signe et du réalisme. Après avoir fait un retour sur la réflexion que Noël consacre à la sensure et à l’articulation, j’essaierai de voir comment sa poésie, en particulier Bruits de langue, tente de résister au dévoiement du langage en décrassant, revivifiant et réinventant diverses articulations langagières, de la phonétique à la syntaxe, en passant par le mot, le vers, la strophe, etc.
Risks and implications for decision making processes associated with existing design codes or their non-existence
Authors: Błachut Jan , Sala Dariusz
Published: January 2020

Buckling phenomenon is a perplexing and unresolved issue in many safety critical structures, and it has been heavily regulated. The paper highlights the risks to decision making processes due to growing tendencies of eliminating from public domains disastrous events through confidentiality arrangements, erosion of existing human know-how, and falling standards of education. It is illustrated how existing, natural feedback routes to improvements of product design is broken by the imposition of legal, damage recovering, and court proceedings. All of this can lead the modern, automated support system to be blindfolded and unaware of harmful consequences when stability loss strikes.
Within-person coupling of estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol in women athletes
Authors: Edwards David A. , Turan Bulent
Published: January 2020

Purpose

In variety of settings cortisol and testosterone are positively “coupled.” That is, within-person fluctuations of cortisol and testosterone levels occur in parallel—increases and decreases in one hormone are associated with corresponding increases and decreases in the other. The present report explored hormone coupling in women athletes in two studies selected because they included measurements of salivary levels of cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol—a hormone that has been only infrequently studied in the context of competitive athletics.

Methods

Consenting members of Emory University’s varsity volleyball and soccer teams gave saliva samples on multiple occasions in the run-up to and over the course of two different intercollegiate contests.

Results

Volleyball and soccer players showed remarkably similar hormone-specific patterns of increase in relationship to the different stages of competition—before warm-up, after warm-up, and after competition. For both the volleyball and soccer team, Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analyses showed estradiol as being significantly coupled with testosterone which was also coupled with cortisol.

Conclusions

This is, apparently, the first report of significant within-person coupling between estradiol and testosterone in the context of competitive athletic stress. These two hormones may be coupled in a wide variety of circumstances not limited to ones involving sport competition, and results reported here should encourage exploration of the extent to which coordinated fluctuations in estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels are present in other, more neutral settings and the ways in which the coordination of these fluctuating hormone levels may benefit human performance.
New protocol for successful isolation and amplification of DNA from exiguous fractions of specimens: a tool to overcome the basic obstacle in molecular analyses of myxomycetes
Authors: Janik Paulina , Ronikier Michał , Ronikier Anna
Published: January 2020

Herbarium collections provide an essential basis for a wide array of biological research and, with development of DNA-based methods, they have become an invaluable material for genetic analyses. Yet, the use of such material is hindered by technical limitations related to DNA degradation and to quantity of biological material. The latter is inherent for some biological groups, as best exemplified by myxomycetes which form minute sporophores. It is estimated that ca. two-thirds of myxomycete taxa are represented by extremely scanty material. As DNA isolation methods applied so far in myxomycete studies require destructive sampling of many sporophores, a large part of described diversity of the group remains unavailable for phylogenetic studies or barcoding. Here, we tested several procedures of DNA isolation and amplification to seek for an efficient and possibly non-destructive method of sampling. Tests were based on herbarium specimens of 19 species representing different taxonomic orders. We assayed several variants of isolation based on silica gel membrane columns, and a newly designed procedure using highly reduced amount of biological material (small portion of spores), based on fine disruption of spores and direct PCR. While the most frequently used column-based method led to PCR success in 89.5% of samples when a large amount of material was used, its performance dropped to 52% when based on single sporophores. Single sporophores provided amplicons in 89.5% of samples when using a kit dedicated to low-amount DNA samples. Our new procedure appeared the most effective (94.7%) while it used only a small fraction of spores, being nearly non-destructive; it was also the most cost-effective. We thus demonstrate that combination of adequate handling of spore micro-disruption coupled with application of direct PCR can be an efficient way to circumvent technical limitations for genetic studies in myxomycetes and thus can substantially improve taxon sampling for phylogeny and barcoding. Additionally, this approach gives a unique possibility to apply both molecular and morphological assays to the same structure (sporophore), which then can be further stored as documentation.
In vivo Toxicity Assessment after the Detoxification of Aflatoxin Compounds – Contaminated Wheat and Corn by Ozone Gas
Authors: T. El-Sisy T. , A. Salem Asmaa , S. Nail Nivin , B. Ali Jehan
Published: January 2020

Aflatoxins (AFs) are dangerous mycotoxins, which include a great number of lipophilic molecules produced by aerobic microscopic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus causes health hazard including death to human and livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone gas treatment on the fungal growth and detoxification of AFs - contaminated wheat and corn grains. Ozone concentration treatments 40 mg / Kg wheat for 1 hour and 80 mg / Kg corn for 2 hours of exposure time respectively were applied to contaminated samples of wheat and corn grains. It was observed that completely inhibition of Aspergillus growth and consequently the total aflatoxin content was decreased. In vivo, the biosafety assessment for 72 male albino rats fed on diet containing 70% wt. of ozone treated AFs – contaminated grains were evaluated comparing to control groups. Results indicated that rats fed on AFs contaminated grains have significantly increased the serum enzymes activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as the serum levels of creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Also, it was observed that a significant decrease in the level of serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), reduced glutathione (GSH) and testosterone hormone comparing to control groups.  However, the oral administration of ozonized groups ameliorated the biochemical parameters compared to rats fed on contaminated grains. Moreover, histopathological studies of liver, kidney and testis tissues of rats fed on contaminated grains that revealed different lesions and changes in tissues, inversely to that improving effects in tissues of ozonized contaminated grains – fed rats. It was concluded that ozonization treatment were most effective in reduction of mold count and degradation of aflatoxins content for grains during storage.
Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chidinma S Iroegbu, , Damian O Asawalam, , A. Dada O. , E. Orji J.
Published: January 2020

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam.

Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. 

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons.

Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level.

Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM.

Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.
Knowledge, Attitude and Reporting Practices on Adverse Events Following Immunization among Routine Immunization Service Providers in Health Facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: M. Sani U. , O. Oche M. , O. Raji M. , M. Ango U. , M. Jiya N.
Published: January 2020

Background/Introduction: Health workers at primary health care facilities (PHCs) are primarily involved with routine immunization activities including detection, reporting and management of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). To undertake such responsibilities effectively, they need to have good knowledge on AEFI and its management.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and reporting practices of Routine Immunization Service Providers in health facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 285 routine immunization service providers were recruited from all the PHCs in one selected local government from each of the three health zones of the State. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from eligible participants. Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed.

Results: Of the 285 distributed questionnaires, 258 (90.5%) were duly completed and returned. The M: F ratio was 1.4:1, with mean age of 34.24 + 8.06 years. Up to 164 (63.6%) respondents had good knowledge (score >50%), while 37(14.3%) and 57(22.1%) respondents had fair (score 41-49%) and poor (score <40%) knowledge respectively. Reporting practices were appropriate in 224 (86.8%) respondents. The most common method for reporting was by manual filing of AEFI forms. Some respondents would however not report an AEFI to avoid being blamed, feeling guilty or creating unnecessary anxiety to the patient.

Conclusion: Though many respondents had good knowledge and reporting practices on AEFI, knowledge gap still exists; highlighting the need for continuous on-the-job training and retraining of these personnel.
Resolution of ROS‐induced G‐quadruplexes and R‐loops at transcriptionally active sites is dependent on BLM helicase
Authors: Tan Jun , Wang Xiangyu , Phoon Laiyee , Yang Haibo , Lan Li
Published: January 2020

R‐loops and G‐quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical secondary DNA structures. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce G4 formation as well as R‐loops at transcriptionally active sites. Importantly, the G4 structure is subsequently triggered by R‐loop formation after damage. Once G4 is formed within an R‐loop, it reversely stabilizes the R‐loop. Notably, the helicase activity of Bloom syndrome protein is essential for the resolution of both R‐loops and G4s. Unresolved G4s and R‐loops delay the repair of ROS‐induced damage at actively transcribed sites. Together, our results demonstrate that interregulation between R‐loops and G4s induced by ROS is essential for repair at transcriptionally active sites.
Retracted: Demethylation of miR‐195 suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Ma Xiaokun , Zou Liyuan , Chen Zhanhong , Li Xing , Wei Li , Wu Xiangyuan
Published: January 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among men and the second leading cause of tumor‐associated deaths worldwide, with increasing incidence rates over the last 10 years. Recently, miR‐195 was reported to be hypermethylated at its promoter CpG island and down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of miR‐195 and the underlying mechanisms in PCa remain unknown. Here, we report that a significant down‐regulation of microRNA‐195 (miR‐195) in PCa tissues and cell lines was associated with promoter methylation status. Overexpression of miR‐195 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (increased E‐cadherin and decreased N‐cadherin) in PCa cells. We further demonstrated that transfection with a miR‐195 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐azacytidine on the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of PCa cells. In summary, our findings suggest that miR‐195 may function as a crucial tumor suppressor in PCa.
House committee asks how states are using federal opioid funds
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

“States are on the front lines” of the opioid epidemic. These were the opening words of Rep. Frank Pallone Jr. (D‐New Jersey) at “A Public Health Emergency: State Efforts to Curb the Opioid Crisis,” the Jan. 14 hearing of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Because states are “our eyes and ears on what is occurring on the ground,” the committee is holding a series of hearings on the opioid crisis.
Uniform, Assembled 4 nm Mn3O4 Nanoparticles as Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts at Neutral pH
Authors: Cho Kang Hee , Seo Hongmin , Park Sunghak , Lee Yoon Ho , Lee Moo Young , Cho Nam Heon , Nam Ki Tae
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the ways to produce environmentally‐friendly hydrogen energy. Transition‐metal (TM)‐based catalysts have been attracting attention due to their low cost and abundance, but their insufficient activity still remains a challenge. Here, 4 nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized and their electrochemical behavior is investigated. Using electrokinetic analyses, an identical water oxidizing mechanism is demonstrated between the 4 and 8 nm Mn3O4 NPs. In addition, it is confirmed that the overall increase in the active surface area is strongly correlated with the superb catalytic activity of the 4 nm Mn3O4 NPs. To further enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, Ni foam substrate is introduced to maximize the entire number of the NPs participating in OER. The 4 nm Mn3O4/Ni foam electrode exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity for OER with overpotential of 395 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 under neutral conditions (0.5 m PBS, pH 7).
Cortical Transplantation of Brain‐Mimetic Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds and Neural Progenitor Cells Promotes Vascular Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: McCrary Myles R. , Jesson Kaleena , Wei Zheng Z. , Logun Meghan , Lenear Christopher , Tan Stephen , Gu Xiaohuan , Jiang Michael Q. , Karumbaiah Lohitash , Yu Shan Ping , Wei Ling
Published: January 2020

Stroke causes significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, there are no treatments which can regenerate brain tissue lost to infarction. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are at the forefront of preclinical studies for regenerative stroke therapies. NPCs can differentiate into and replace neurons and promote endogenous recovery mechanisms such as angiogenesis via trophic factor production and release. The stroke core is hypothetically the ideal location for replacement of neural tissue since it is in situ and develops into a potential space where injections may be targeted with minimal compression of healthy peri‐infarct tissue. However, the compromised perfusion and tissue degradation following ischemia create an inhospitable environment resistant to cellular therapy. Overcoming these limitations is critical to advancing cellular therapy. In this work, the therapeutic potential of mouse‐induced pluripotent stem cell derived NPCs is tested encapsulated in a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binding chondroitin sulfate‐A (CS‐A) hydrogel transplanted into the infarct core in a mouse sensorimotor cortex mini‐stroke model. It is shown that CS‐A encapsulation significantly improves vascular remodeling, cortical blood flow, and sensorimotor behavioral outcomes after stroke. It is found these improvements are negated by blocking bFGF, suggesting that the sustained trophic signaling endowed by the CS‐A hydrogel combined with NPC transplantation can promote tissue repair.
Filling the Gap: A Correlation between Objective and Subjective Measures of Injectability
Authors: Robinson Thomas E. , Hughes Erik A. B. , Bose Aniruddha , Cornish Elizabeth A. , Teo Jun Y. , Eisenstein Neil M. , Grover Liam M. , Cox Sophie C.
Published: January 2020

Various injectable biomaterials are developed for the minimally invasive delivery of therapeutics. Typically, a mechanical tester is used to ascertain the force required to inject these biomaterials through a given syringe‐needle system. However, currently there is no method to correlate the force measured in the laboratory to the perceived effort required to perform that injection by the end user. In this article, the injection force (F) for a variety of biomaterials, displaying a range of rheological properties, is compared with the effort scores from a 50 person panel study. The maximum injection force measured at crosshead speed 1 mm s−1 is a good proxy for injection effort, with an R2 of 0.89. This correlation leads to the following conclusions: participants can easily inject 5 mL of substance for F < 12 N; considerable effort is required to inject 5 mL for 12 N < F < 38 N; great effort is required and <5 mL can be injected for 38 N < F < 64 N; and materials are entirely non‐injectable for F > 64 N. These values may be used by developers of injectable biomaterials to make decisions about formulations and needle sizes early in the translational process.
The Role of Reverse Intersystem Crossing Using a TADF‐Type Acceptor Molecule on the Device Stability of Exciplex‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Ba , Nakanotani Hajime , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya
Published: January 2020

Exciplex system exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) holds a considerable potential to improve organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) performances. However, the operational lifetime of current exciplex‐based devices, unfortunately, falls far behind the requirement for commercialization. Herein, rationally choosing a TADF‐type electron acceptor molecule is reported as a new strategy to enhance OLEDs' operating lifetime. A comprehensive study of the exciplex system containing 9,9′,9′′‐triphenyl‐9H,9′H,9′′H‐3,3′:6′,3′′‐tercarbazole (Tris‐PCz) and triazine (TRZ) derivatives clarifies the relationship between unwanted carrier recombination on acceptor molecules, TADF property of acceptors, and the device degradation event. By employing a proposed “exciton recycling” strategy, a threefold increased operational lifetime can be achieved while still maintaining high‐performance OLED properties. In particular, a stable blue OLED that employs this strategy is successfully demonstrated. This research provides an important step for exciplex‐based devices toward the significant improvement of operational stability.
Barrierless Free Charge Generation in the High‐Performance PM6:Y6 Bulk Heterojunction Non‐Fullerene Solar Cell
Authors: Perdigón‐Toro Lorena , Zhang Huotian , Markina Anastasia , Yuan Jun , Hosseini Seyed Mehrdad , Wolff Christian M. , Zuo Guangzheng , Stolterfoht Martin , Zou Yingping , Gao Feng , Andrienko Denis , Shoaee Safa , Neher Dieter
Published: January 2020

Organic solar cells are currently experiencing a second golden age thanks to the development of novel non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Surprisingly, some of these blends exhibit high efficiencies despite a low energy offset at the heterojunction. Herein, free charge generation in the high‐performance blend of the donor polymer PM6 with the NFA Y6 is thoroughly investigated as a function of internal field, temperature and excitation energy. Results show that photocurrent generation is essentially barrierless with near‐unity efficiency, regardless of excitation energy. Efficient charge separation is maintained over a wide temperature range, down to 100 K, despite the small driving force for charge generation. Studies on a blend with a low concentration of the NFA, measurements of the energetic disorder, and theoretical modeling suggest that CT state dissociation is assisted by the electrostatic interfacial field which for Y6 is large enough to compensate the Coulomb dissociation barrier.
Development of Copper Nanoclusters for In Vitro and In Vivo Theranostic Applications
Authors: Lai Wing‐Fu , Wong Wing‐Tak , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: January 2020

Theranostics refers to the incorporation of therapeutic and diagnostic functions into one material system. An important class of nanomaterials exploited for theranostics is metal nanoclusters (NCs). In contrast to gold and silver NCs, copper is an essential trace element for humans. It can be more easily removed from the body. This, along with the low cost of copper that offers potential large‐scale nanotechnology applications, means that copper NCs have attracted great interest in recent years. The latest advances in the design, synthesis, surface engineering, and applications of copper NCs in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment are reviewed. Strategies to control and enhance the emission of copper NCs are considered. With this synopsis of the up‐to‐date development of copper NCs as theranostic agents, it is hoped that insights and directions for translating current advances from the laboratory to the clinic can be further advanced and accelerated.
An Unconventional Transient Phase with Cycloidal Order of Polarization in Energy‐Storage Antiferroelectric PbZrO3
Authors: Wei Xian‐Kui , Jia Chun‐Lin , Du Hong‐Chu , Roleder Krystian , Mayer Joachim , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E.
Published: January 2020

Antiferroelectric‐based dielectric capacitors are receiving tremendous attention for their outstanding energy‐storage performance and extraordinary flexibility in collecting pulsed powers. Nevertheless, the in situ atomic‐scale structural‐evolution pathway, inherently coupling to the energy storage process, has not been elucidated for the ultimate mechanistic understanding so far. Here, time‐ and atomic‐resolution structural phase evolution in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 during storage of energy from the electron‐beam illumination is reported. By employing state‐of‐the‐art negative‐spherical‐aberration imaging technique, the quantitative transmission electron microscopy study presented herein clarifies that the hierarchical evolution of polar oxygen octahedra associated with the unit‐cell volume change and polarization rotation accounts for the stepwise antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition. In particular, an unconventional ferroelectric category—the ferrodistortive phase characteristic of a unique cycloidal polarization order—is established during the dynamic structure investigation. Through clarifying the atomic‐scale phase transformation pathway, findings of this work unveil a new territory to explore novel ferrodistortive phases in energy‐storage materials with the nonpolar‐to‐polar phase transitions.
Double‐Hydrophobic‐Coating through Quenching for Hydrogels with Strong Resistance to Both Drying and Swelling
Authors: Mredha Md. Tariful Islam , Le Hong Hieu , Cui Jiaxi , Jeon Insu
Published: January 2020

In recent years, various hydrogels with a wide range of functionalities have been developed. However, owing to the two major drawbacks of hydrogels—air‐drying and water‐swelling—hydrogels developed thus far have yet to achieve most of their potential applications. Herein, a bioinspired, facile, and versatile method for fabricating hydrogels with high stability in both air and water is reported. This method includes the creation of a bioinspired homogeneous fusion layer of a hydrophobic polymer and oil in the outermost surface layer of the hydrogel via a double‐hydrophobic‐coating produced through quenching. As a proof‐of‐concept, this method is applied to a polyacrylamide hydrogel without compromising its mechanical properties. The coated hydrogel exhibits strong resistance to both drying in air and swelling in multiple aqueous environments. Furthermore, the versatility of this method is demonstrated using different types of hydrogels and oils. Because this method is easy to apply and is not dependent on hydrogel surface chemistry, it can significantly broaden the scope of next‐generation hydrogels for real‐world applications in both wet and dry environments.
Memristor‐Based Biologically Plausible Memory Based on Discrete and Continuous Attractor Networks for Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Wang Yanghao , Yu Liutao , Wu Si , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao
Published: January 2020

To approach an advanced neuromorphic system, a significant unsettled problem is how to realize biologically plausible memory structures that are dramatically different from classical computers. Herein, a physical system based on memristors is simulated to realize associative memory based on discrete attractor networks, which is essentially content‐based storage, and the influence of device characteristics on network performance is systematically studied. An in situ unsupervised learning method is applied to make greater use of array structure and competitions between neurons, demonstrating significant performance improvement in memory capacity and noise tolerance compared with existing supervised approaches. By extending to continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs), working memory is realized based on memristors for the first time via simulation, and the write and read noises in memristor arrays are found to have different impacts on the ability of CANN in maintaining dynamic information. This work lays a foundation for the construction of future advanced neuromorphic computing systems.
Severe hypertension—An infantile feature of Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia?
Authors: Gabbett Michael T. , Jeavons Cassandra J. , Gray Peter H.
Published: January 2020

Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by gain‐of‐function mutations in the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 gene, PTH1R. We report on a patient presenting in the neonatal period with clinical signs of JMC in addition to severe hypertension. A pathogenic mutation in PTH1R was demonstrated, but investigations for hypertension yielded normal results. Hypertension has not been previously associated with JMC. Given aberration of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid‐related protein pathway is the underlying pathogenic mechanism attributed to JMC, and also given evidence that hyperparathyroidism plays an important role in blood pressure homeostasis, we propose that hypertension is a hitherto unrecognized feature of JMC.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Dithioacetals and Diselenoacetals: An Indium‐Catalyzed Reductive Insertion into Disulfides and Diselenides with Orthoesters as a Methylene Source
Authors: Sakai Norio , Adachi Shunpei , Ogawa Sho , Takahashi Kenshiro , Ogiwara Yohei
Published: January 2020

Herein it is described that an indium(III) compound effectively catalyzes a reductive insertion into either diaryl or dialkyl disulfides with orthoesters to produce a variety of dithioacetal derivatives. This method could also be adapted to the diselenoacetalization of diselenides. During a series of reductive insertions using this method, it is noteworthy that an orthoester functions as a masked methylene moiety.
Chiral Tetraarylmethane Derivative with Metal‐Coordinating Ability
Authors: Matsumoto Kouzou , Miki Kaori , Tanaka Rina , Matsuda Takahiro , Nehira Tatsuo , Hirao Yasukazu , Kurata Hiroyuki , Pescitelli Gennaro , Kubo Takashi
Published: January 2020

Phenyl‐pyrazinyl‐2‐pyridyl‐2‐pyrimidinylmethane (1) has been synthesized in four steps from 2‐(chloromethyl)pyridine. This compound is chiral and expected to show metal‐coordinating ability because three of four aryl groups have the nitrogen atom at ortho‐position with respect to the central carbon atom. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis of rac‐1 unambiguously revealed the tetraarylmethane framework, but the nitrogen atoms could not be assigned. The optical resolution of 1 was achieved by chiral HPLC. Besides the CD spectra of the two fractions exhibited opposite signs as expected, the solvent effect on the CD spectra was also observed. According to the calculated CD curve based on time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method, the first eluted fraction is the R isomer in terms of absolute configuration. It should be noted that the CD spectrum of 1 was also changed by the addition of the transition metal ions because of the formation of the metal complexes of 1. The Job plot and the electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrum of the solution of rac‐1 in the presence of Cu2+ ion revealed that the stoichiometry of 1 and Cu2+ was 2 : 1.