bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Far-Out Thinking
Authors: Vendetti Michael S. , Wu Aaron , Holyoak Keith J.
Published: January 2014

Is it possible to induce a mind-set that will affect relational thinking in a subsequent reasoning task involving unrelated materials? We investigated whether evaluating the validity of verbal analogies (Experiment 1a) or generating solutions for them (Experiment 1b) could induce a relational mind-set that would transfer to an unrelated picture-mapping task. The verbal analogies were based on either near or far semantic relations. We found that generating (but not evaluating) solutions for semantically distant analogies increased the proportion of relational mappings on the transfer task, even after we controlled for fluid intelligence and response time. Solving near analogies did not produce transfer. Generation of solutions to far analogies appears to provide a potent method for triggering a mind-set that can enhance relational thinking in a different task.
Stress Contagion
Authors: Waters Sara F. , West Tessa V. , Mendes Wendy Berry
Published: January 2014

Emotions are not simply concepts that live privately in the mind, but rather affective states that emanate from the individual and may influence others. We explored affect contagion in the context of one of the closest dyadic units, mother and infant. We initially separated mothers and infants; randomly assigned the mothers to experience a stressful positive-evaluation task, a stressful negative-evaluation task, or a nonstressful control task; and then reunited the mothers and infants. Three notable findings were obtained: First, infants’ physiological reactivity mirrored mothers’ reactivity engendered by the stress manipulation. Second, infants whose mothers experienced social evaluation showed more avoidance toward strangers compared with infants whose mothers were in the control condition. Third, the negative-evaluation condition, compared with the other conditions, generated greater physiological covariation in the dyads, and this covariation increased over time. These findings suggest that mothers’ stressful experiences are contagious to their infants and that members of close pairs, like mothers and infants, can reciprocally influence each other’s dynamic physiological reactivity.
Successful application of belimumab in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experiencing a flare during tocilizumab treatment
Authors: Jüptner M , Zeuner R , Schreiber S , Laudes M , Schröder JO
Published: January 2014

This case report describes two female lupus patients who both received biological treatment with tocilizumab and with belimumab. The disease course was remarkably similar in both cases. Tocilizumab resulted in a transient improvement in pleurisy and arthritis but was then followed by a clinical flare accompanied by an increase in autoantibodies and a drop in complement levels. Alike, both patients experienced a rapid and sustained improvement after institution of belimumab. The clinical benefit obtained is currently stable under ongoing belimumab therapy.
John Hunter’s (1728–1793) account of venereal diseases
Authors: Abdulrahman Ganiy Opeyemi
Published: January 2014

John Hunter's work included description of the nature of digestion, child development, role of the lymphatic system and proof that the maternal and foetal blood supplies are separate. His contribution to the understanding of venereal diseases is reviewed. Hunter’s argument of the unitary nature of venereal diseases is examined and the progress he made in diagnosis and management is discussed.
Sir Astley Paston Cooper (1768–1841): The man and his personality
Authors: Doganay Emre
Published: January 2014

The most acclaimed surgeon of his time, Astley Cooper, a man from Norfolk and a student of the eminent John Hunter, was an outstandingly successful surgeon. With his accomplishments in surgery and experiments in dissection he soon became a prominent figure and received recognition worldwide. At the young age of 21 he was appointed Demonstrator in Anatomy at St Thomas’s Hospital in London and two years later was made Joint Lecturer in Anatomy and Surgery. With his passion for anatomy, his love for surgery and his expanding knowledge he became Surgeon to Guy’s Hospital in 1800 and in the same year was elected a Fellow to the Royal Society. His attainments led him to become surgeon to three successive British monarchs as well as receiving a bestowal of Baronetcy. Through his edifying lectures, fastidious experiments and publications on anatomy and pathology he has inspired and enlightened many budding anatomists and surgeons and the principles of his teachings still prevail in practice today.
Gender and the experience of moral distress in critical care nurses
Authors: O’Connell Christopher B
Published: January 2014

Background:

Nursing practice is complex, as nurses are challenged by increasingly intricate moral and ethical judgments. Inadequately studied in underrepresented groups in nursing, moral distress is a serious problem internationally for healthcare professionals with deleterious effects to patients, nurses, and organizations. Moral distress among nurses has been shown to contribute to decreased job satisfaction and increased turnover, withdrawal from patients, physical and psychological symptoms, and intent to leave current position or to leave the profession altogether.

Research question:

Do significant gender differences exist in the moral distress scores of critical care nurses?

Research design:

This study utilized a quantitative, descriptive methodology to explore moral distress levels in a sample of critical care nurses to determine whether gender differences exist in their mean moral distress scores.

Participants and research context:

Participants ( n = 31) were critical care nurses from an American Internet nursing community who completed the Moral Distress Scale–Revised online over a 5-day period in July 2013.

Ethical considerations:

Institutional review board review approved the study, and accessing and completing the survey implied informed consent.

Findings:

The results revealed a statistically significant gender difference in the mean moral distress scores of participants. Females reported statistically significantly higher moral distress scores than did males. Overall, the moral distress scores for both groups were relatively low.

Discussion:

The findings of a gender difference have not previously been reported in the literature. However, other findings are consistent with previous studies on moral distress.

Conclusion:

Although the results of this study are not generalizable, they do suggest the need for continuing research on moral distress in underrepresented groups in nursing, including cultural and ethnic groups.
Vocation and altruism in nursing
Authors: Carter Melody
Published: January 2014

Background:

At a time when British nursing has been under scrutiny for an apparent lack of compassion in education and practice, this paper based offers a perspective on the notions of vocation and altruism in nursing.

Objectives:

To understand the vocational and altruistic motivations of nurses through the application of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of ‘symbolic capital’, ‘field’ and ‘habitus’ through a long interview with nurse respondents.

Research design:

A reflexive qualitative study was undertaken using the long interview. A thematic analysis of the data, using a qualitative data software package for analysis, was undertaken. The ideas of Pierre Bourdieu (Habitus, Capital and Field) were used to analyse and explain the content of community nurses' ‘talk’.

Participants:

Twelve Community Nurses working in a variety of local primary care settings volunteered to participate in the study. It was a self-selecting convenience sample of nurses responding to an invitation to be interviewed.

Research context:

A study in support of a doctoral thesis conducted within NHS primary care settings with registered nurses.

Ethical considerations:

The key considerations for this study were to be mindful of the possibility of emotional harm or distress being caused to the respondents during the retelling of their experiences. It was also essential to ensure that the locations or names of patients or staff (if discussed) were anonymised. Ethical approval was sought and granted by both the Local NHS Primary Care and the University Ethics committees before the study commenced.

Findings:

The nurse respondents had highly individual and at times contradictory views on their motivations to nurse including their views on vocation and altruism in nursing careers.

Discussion:

Bourdieu's ideas apply well to the nursing context and provided a useful theoretical framework to explore the social and cultural influences on nursing careers. Gender is important consideration in all aspects of nursing but class and educational experience is an important dimension in the stories nurses tell.

Conclusion:

The culturally determined experiences of these nurses in practice offer an authentic and realistic insight into the complex motives and predispositions of community nurses. This paper argues that nurse motivations whether vocational or altruistic, are better understood as culturally, rather than spiritually, driven.
Exploring the intangible impacts of cultural events on the creative sector: Experiences from the Cultural Olympiad programmes of Torino 2006 and London 2012
Authors: Pappalepore Ilaria
Published: January 2014

This paper engages with the debates around the Olympic legacy by exploring the qualitative, intangible impacts of the Cultural Olympiad programme on local small creative firms in Torino, Italy and London, UK. The research objectives are achieved through a qualitative study of local small creative firms’ perceptions of the impacts of the Olympic Games’ cultural programme on their activities. To achieve this, Torino 2006 and London 2012 are used as case studies. The findings of this exploratory study show that cultural events can impact the creative sector. They do this by providing opportunities for mutual learning and access to initiatives that may generate ideas and new skills, as well as contributing to the development of a creative field. The study also explores the weaknesses and missed opportunities linked to the Cultural Olympiad programme, as perceived by creative practitioners. These include the lack of information and failure to engage smaller businesses. Based on qualitative analysis and discussion, recommendations for future organizers and further research are provided.
Subcutaneous sparganosis, a zoonotic cestodiasis, in two cats
Authors: Woldemeskel Moges
Published: January 2014

Sparganosis is a zoonotic cestodiasis of human beings and animals caused by plerocercoid or second-stage larvae (sparganum) of pseudophyllidean tapeworms in host tissues. Cats are among definitive hosts in which the larva develops to adult stage in the intestines. Reports on larval infection involving various tissues and organs in cats are scarce. Rare single case reports of visceral sparganosis in cats are previously documented. The present report documents an unusual subcutaneous sparganosis in 2 Domestic Shorthair cats from southern Georgia. Veterinary clinicians should consider sparganosis as differential diagnosis for subcutaneous cyst-like masses in cats. As infected animals and animal tissues are sources of human infection, sparganosis warrants public awareness and due precaution to avoid human infection.
Issues encountered in development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for use in detecting Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 exposure in swine
Authors: Buehler Jason , Lager Kelly , Vincent Amy , Miller Cathy , Thacker Eileen , Janke Bruce
Published: January 2014

A potential mechanism by which highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 could more readily infect human beings is through the infection of and adaptation in pigs. To detect the occurrence of such infection, monitoring of pig populations through serological screening would be highly desirable. In the current study, hemagglutination inhibition assays were able to detect antibodies against H5N1 developed in pigs, but because of antigenic variation between clades, the use of multiple virus strains were required. Whole recombinant virus and recombinant hemagglutinin antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were generated that could detect antibody against multiple H5N1 strains, but which also detected antibody against endemic swine influenza viruses. A recombinant hemagglutinin antigen-based ELISA was as effective as the whole virus antigen ELISAs in detecting antibody against the H5N1 virus strains used and eliminated nearly all of the cross-reactivity with non-H5N1 virus antibody. The current study also highlighted the difficulty in establishing a decision (cutoff) value that would effectively counterbalance nonspecific reactivity against sensitivity. The results provide important information and considerations for the development of serological screening assays for highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses.
Get Up, Stand Up
Authors: Hayes Christine Cozzens
Published: January 2014

General music educators are called to action with the soon-to-be-published National Common Core Music Standards. Educators are encouraged to use the new standards as a catalyst to acquire necessary music instructional time. Retiring members of the NAfME Council for General Music Education are recognized for their service.
Blessed Alienation
Authors: Eriksson Nadya T. , Wiklund-Gustin Lena
Published: January 2014

Being mentally ill is often associated with experiencing alienation from society because sensations are not easily shared with others. Modern health care leads us to pose many questions. Some sufferers search and find their way to monasteries as they did centuries ago. We interviewed six persons staying in a monastery to understand the meaning of health and care in a monastic environment in contemporary Sweden. We analyzed the transcripts by means of a hermeneutic approach and discovered that the helping effect of the monastery was based on its contradictory/paradoxical structure that corresponded to the lifeworld of a person suffering from mental illness. The monastery was a place where one could be different but equal, and simultaneously provided freedom within boundaries, calmness and intensity, privacy and relations, demands and confirmation. This facilitated experiences of health and wholeness, necessary to manage the challenges of recovery.
Symptoms Other Than Pain in Palliative Care in Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Ferraz , Almeida Ana , Antunes Catarina , Cardoso Maria , Carvalho Margarida , Claro Maria , Coimbra Francisca , Diniz Inês , Fonseca Bruno , Fradique Emília , Gonçalves Edna , Gonçalves Florbela , Gonçalves Maria , Magalhães Américo , Pina Paulo , Pires Conceição , Silva Paula , Silva Ricardo , Silva Rui , Tavares Filipa , Teixeira Laura
Published: January 2014

Objective:

To study the burden of patients’ symptoms other than pain and their treatment by Portuguese palliative care teams.

Methods:

Of the 21 Portuguese palliative care teams identified, 10 accepted to participate. Data from all patients observed on the 18th week of 2011 were collected.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-four patients were included in this study. One hundred and fifty-one patients (92%) had cancer. The patients’ median age was 71 years (16-95) and 84 (51%) were females. The main symptoms were fatigue (116 [85%]) and depression/sadness (107 [65%]). Many different drugs were used for symptom control and other aims. Symptoms and drugs used here are similar to those practiced in other countries.

Conclusion:

The practice of palliative care in Portugal seems to be similar to those in other countries.
Why French Pragmatism Matters to Organizational Institutionalism
Authors: Brandl Julia , Daudigeos Thibault , Edwards Tim , Pernkopf-Konhäusner Katharina
Published: January 2014

In this dialogue, we explore the potential of bridging different approaches for furthering the field of organizational institutionalism. The two particular approaches that have received considerable attention include the institutional logics perspective and French pragmatism. While both present new opportunities, we briefly consider the implications of the treatment of action by proponents of French pragmatism for analyzing the importance of institutionalized rules in organizations. Our brief overview sets the tone for a more constructive conversation among scholars, which is exemplified in the various contributions to this dialogue that consider points of cross-fertilization and the consequences of such work for the field of organizational institutionalism.
External Validation of the Medication Taper Complexity Score for Methadone Tapers in Children With Opioid Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Johnson Peter N. , Miller Jamie L. , Hagemann Tracy M. , Castro Christine , Harrison Donald
Published: January 2014

Background: Methadone is commonly prescribed for children with opioid abstinence syndrome (OAS) as a taper schedule over several days to weeks. The Medication Taper Complexity Score (MTCS) was developed to evaluate outpatient methadone tapers. Objective: To further validate the MTCS and determine if it is a reliable tool for clinicians to use to assess the complexity of methadone tapers for OAS. Methods: An expert panel of pediatric clinical pharmacists was convened. Panel members were provided 9 methadone tapers (ie, “easy,” “medium,” and “difficult”) to determine construct and face validity of the MTCS. The primary objective was to further establish reliability and construct/face validity of the MTCS. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability of the MTCS within and between tapers. Instrument reliability was assessed using a Pearson correlation coefficient; with 0.8 as the minimum acceptable coefficient. Construct (divergent) validity was assessed via a repeated-measures ANOVA analysis (Bonferroni post hoc analyses) of the mean scores provided by panel members. Results: Six panel members were recruited from various geographical locations. Panel members had 18.3 ± 5.5 years of experience, with practice expertise in general pediatrics, hematology/oncology, and the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit. The MTCS had a reliability coefficient of .9949. There was vivid discrimination between the easy, medium, and difficult tapers; P = .001. The panel recommended minor modifications to the MTCS. Conclusions: The MTCS was found to be a reliable and valid tool. Overall, the panel felt that the MTCS was easy to use and had potential applications in both practice and research.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Doripenem and Meropenem in Obese Patients
Authors: Kays Michael B. , Fleming Megan R. , Cheatham S. Christian , Chung Eun Kyoung , Juenke Joetta M.
Published: January 2014

Background: Antimicrobial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are limited in obesity. Objective: To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doripenem and meropenem in obese patients hospitalized on a general ward. Methods: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 or total body weight (TBW) ≥100 pounds over their ideal body weight randomly received doripenem 500 mg (1-hour infusion) or meropenem 1 g (0.5-hour infusion) every 8 hours. Differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by unpaired t test. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for 500 mg and 1 g every 8 hours, infused over 1 and 4 hours for doripenem and 0.5 and 3 hours for meropenem. Probability of target attainment (PTA) was calculated using a pharmacodynamic target of 40% fT > MIC (free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]), and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was calculated using MIC data for 8 Gram-negative pathogens. Results: Twenty patients were studied. Volume of distribution at steady state, corrected for TBW, was significantly larger (0.18 ± 0.04 vs 0.13 ± 0.05 L/kg, P = .048) and systemic clearance was significantly faster for doripenem (11.7 ± 4.1 vs 8.1 ± 2.6 L/h, P = .03). PTA was >90% for all regimens at MICs ≤2 µg/mL. CFR was >90% for all regimens against 6 enteric Gram-negative pathogens and for 3 of 4 regimens for each drug against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions: Doripenem and meropenem pharmacokinetics differ in obesity. However, currently approved dosing regimens provide adequate pharmacodynamic exposures for susceptible bacteria in obese patients.
Plasma Renin Activity Testing to Guide Triple Antirenin System Drug Therapy in a Patient With Difficult-to-Treat Hypertension
Authors: Shah Sachil , Coakley Christina , Hough Augustus , Parra David
Published: January 2014

Objective: To report a case of difficult-to-treat hypertension ultimately managed with triple antirenin (anti-R) therapy using plasma renin activity (PRA) to guide medication selection. Case Summary: A 66-year-old white man was referred to the cardiology pharmacotherapy clinic for difficult-to-treat hypertension. His initial office blood pressure (BP) was 152/71 mm Hg on diltiazem and chlorthalidone. After a series of medication adjustments based on serial PRA measurements, the patient achieved his target BP with a regimen that included 3 anti-R angiotensin system medications: carvedilol, valsartan, and aliskiren. Discussion: Despite continued progress in the understanding and advances in pharmacological therapy for hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major problem. The most common strategy to control hypertension is the stepped-care approach with progressive addition of medications to eventually reach BP goal. An alternative approach includes the use of PRA measurements to guide both the addition and removal of drugs in an attempt to effectively control BP. At times, this has the potential to result in a drug regimen that is incongruous with current guidelines and practice recommendations. However, if this results in more effective BP control with the same, or fewer, number of medications, it may represent a reasonable alternative. Conclusion: This case report illustrates a real-world application of PRA-guided therapeutics in a patient with difficult-to-treat hypertension. It highlights how a personalized approach can lead to BP control with a more streamlined regimen than would likely result if a stepped-care approach was used.
Severe Hypokalemia Probably Associated With Sertraline Use
Authors: Izgi Cemil , Erdem Guliz , Mansuroglu Denyan , Kurtoglu Nuri , Kara Mujdat , Gunesdogdu Fusun
Published: January 2014

Objective: To report a case of ventricular fibrillation caused by severe hypokalemia probably associated with sertraline use. Case Summary: A 48-year-old male patient experienced ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest 2 hours after an uneventful coronary angiography procedure, which revealed normal, unobstructed coronary arteries. Blood chemistry was immediately obtained, revealing a very low potassium (K+) level of 2.44 mEq/L. Other blood electrolytes, including magnesium, ECG, and corrected QT intervals, were all within normal limits. A thorough search for an etiology of hypokalemia, including adrenal gland causes, herbal product consumption, and toxic exposure, did not reveal any identifiable cause. This led us to consider the only drug he was on—sertraline 50 mg per day—as the possible culprit. Discussion: There has been no clear identification of severe hypokalemia associated with sertraline use in the literature. However, there have been a considerable number of self-reported cases of hypokalemia in patients on sertraline therapy. Scoring according to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction scale revealed a probable relationship between severe hypokalemia and sertraline use in our patient. No clear pathogenic mechanism for the effect of sertraline on serum K equilibrium is known. However, considering the number of self-reported incidences and this case report, the effect of sertraline on serum K levels warrants consideration. Conclusions: This is the first documented case report of severe hypokalemia probably associated with sertraline use.
Stress Reactivity in Maltreated and Comparison Male and Female Young Adolescents
Authors: Trickett Penelope K. , Gordis Elana , Peckins Melissa K. , Susman Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of the present report was to examine the association of recent maltreatment experiences with cortisol reactivity in young adolescents. The ethnically diverse sample consisted of boys and girls 9 to 12 years of age. The maltreatment group ( N = 303) all had recent, substantiated reports to protective services for neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or emotional maltreatment. The comparison group ( N = 151) was recruited from the same neighborhoods and was demographically similar to the maltreatment group. Cortisol reactivity was assessed by a laboratory stressor, a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Statistical analyses indicated that the maltreated young adolescents showed a blunted or attenuated response to the stressor as compared with those in the comparison group. This attenuated response was especially pronounced for those whose maltreatment included physical and/or sexual abuse. A main effect for gender was also found with boys having higher cortisol than girls. Implications for treatment of mental and physical health problems associated with child maltreatment and for prevention of developmental problems across the life span are discussed.
Reinforcement of a plate weakened by multiple holes with several patches for different types of plate-patch attachment
Authors: Zemlyanova AY
Published: January 2014

The most general situation of the reinforcement of a plate with multiple holes by several patches is considered. There is no restriction on the number and the location of the patches. Two types of patch attachment are considered: only along the boundary of the patch or both along the boundary of the patch and the boundaries of the holes which this patch covers. The unattached boundaries of the holes may be loaded with given in-plane stresses. The mechanical problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations which can be further reduced to a system of Fredholm equations. A new numerical procedure for the solution of the system of singular integral equations is proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated on numerical examples that this procedure has advantages in the case of multiple patches and holes and allows achievement of better numerical convergence with less computational effort.
Efficacy and Safety of Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids, Methylphenidate, and a Combined Treatment in Children With ADHD
Authors: Barragán Eduardo , Breuer Dieter , Döpfner Manfred
Published: January 2014

Objective: To compare efficacy of Omega-3/6 fatty acids (Equazen eye q™) with methylphenidate (MPH) and combined MPH + Omega-3/6 in children with ADHD. Method: Participants ( N = 90) were randomized to Omega-3/6, long-acting MPH, or combination for 12 months. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impressions–Severity (CGI-S) scale. Results: ADHD symptoms decreased in all treatment arms. Although significant differences favoring Omega + MPH over Omega-3/6 alone were found for ADHD Total and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subscales, results on the Inattention subscale were similar. CGI-S scores decreased slowly and consistently with Omega-3/6, compared with a rapid decrease and subsequent slight increase in the MPH-containing arms. Adverse events were numerically less frequent with Omega-3/6 or MPH + Omega-3/6 than MPH alone. Conclusion: The tested combination of Omega-3/6 fatty acids had similar effects to MPH, whereas the MPH + Omega combination appeared to have some tolerability benefits over MPH.
Child and setting characteristics affecting the adult talk directed at preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder in the inclusive classroom
Authors: Irvin Dwight W , Boyd Brian A , Odom Samuel L
Published: January 2014

Difficulty with social competence is a core deficit of autism spectrum disorder. Research on typically developing children and children with disabilities, in general, suggests the adult talk received in the classroom is related to their social development. The aims of this study were to examine (1) the types and amounts of adult talk children with autism spectrum disorder are exposed to in the preschool classroom and (2) the associations between child characteristics (e.g. language), activity area, and adult talk. Kontos’ Teacher Talk classification was used to code videos approximately 30 min in length of 73 children with autism spectrum disorder (ages 3–5) in inclusive classrooms ( n = 33) during center time. The results indicated practical/personal assistance was the most common type of adult talk coded, and behavior management talk least often coded. Child characteristics (i.e. age and autism severity) and activity area were found to be related to specific types of adult talk. Given the findings, implications for future research are discussed.
Do work-related mechanical and psychosocial factors contribute to the social gradient in long-term sick leave: A prospective study of the general working population in Norway
Authors: Sterud Tom , Johannessen Håkon A
Published: January 2014

Aims: A social gradient in long-term sick leave (LTSL) rates is well established, but only a few studies have examined to what extent this gradient may be explained by mechanical and psychosocial work environment factors. Methods: A randomly drawn cohort from the general population in Norway, aged 18–69 years, was interviewed in the second half of 2009 ( n=12,255, response at baseline 60.9%) and followed up in national registries to the end of 2010. Eligible respondents were registered with an active employee relationship of at least 100 actual working days in 2009 and 2010 ( n=6758). Based on administrative register data, respondents were coded into five educational levels (university/college ≥4 years was set as the reference group). Eight work-related psychosocial factors and 10 mechanical exposures were measured. The outcome of interest was medically confirmed LTSL ≥40 working days during 2010. Results: In total, 9.4% (635 individuals) were classified with LTSL during 2010. There was a strong social gradient ranging from 12.4% (elementary) to 3.3% (university/college ≥4 years) among men. The corresponding figures among women were 15.4 and 4.6%. Adjusting for work-related mechanical and psychosocial factors explained between 41 and 44% of the social gradient in men. Among women, the corresponding figures were 31 and 54%. Conclusions: Work-related mechanical and psychosocial factors contribute to the social gradient in LTSL. The work-related factors that accounted for this gradient were rather similar for men and women.
Social network service use on mobile devices: An examination of gratifications, civic attitudes and civic engagement in China
Authors: Cheng Yang , Liang Jingwen , Leung Louis
Published: January 2014

As mobile social network services have been integrated in many people’s daily lives, this study investigated the relationships between gratifications-sought, social network service use on mobile devices, civic attitudes and civic engagement in Mainland China. Data were gathered in a survey of 760 university students. Results showed that gratifications for technological convenience (accessibility), information exchange (cognition needs), and social interaction (recognition needs) significantly predicted civic engagement. The results also demonstrated that civic attitudes and social network service use on mobile devices are positively related to civic engagement. These findings well demonstrated the important role of mobile-based communication in connecting citizens to civil society.
Beneficial effect of candesartan and lisinopril against haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in rat
Authors: Thakur Kuldeep Singh , Prakash Atish , Bisht Rohit , Bansal Puneet Kumar
Published: January 2014

Introduction:

Tardive dyskinesia is a serious motor disorder of the orofacial region, resulting from chronic neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia. Candesartan (AT1 antagonist) and lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) has been reported to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of candesartan and lisinopril on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative damage in rats.

Materials and methods:

Tardive dyskinesia was induced by administering haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and concomitantly treated with candesartan (3 and 5 mg/kg p.o.) and lisinopril (10 and 15 mg/kg p.o.) for 3 weeks in male Wistar rats. Various behavioral parameters were assessed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and biochemical parameters were estimated at day 22.

Results:

Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased stereotypic behaviors in rats, which were significantly improved by administration of candesartan and lisinopril. Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in the striatum region of the rat’s brain. Co-administration of candesartan and lisinopril significantly attenuated the oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation in the haloperidol-treated rat.

Conclusions:

The present study supports the therapeutic use of candesartan and lisinopril in the treatment of typical antipsychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia and possible antioxidant and neuro-inflammatory mechanisms.
Aldosterone-induced inflammatory response of mesangial cells via angiotension II receptors
Authors: Hao Jianbing , Ren Liansheng , Zhang Lei , Kong Deyang , Hao Lirong
Published: January 2014

Introduction:

In this study, we investigated whether AngII receptors (AT1a and AT2) contributed to the development of the aldosterone-induced inflammatory response of rat mesangial cells (RMCs).

Materials and methods:

RMCs were isolated from the glomeruli of normal or diabetic rats which were produced by injection of streptozotocin, and cultured in high-glucose media. In order to evaluate the effects of aldosterone, the expression of AT1a, AT2, NF-κB and MCP-1 was detected. In addition, in order to evaluate the role of Ang II receptors, AT1a and AT2 genes were blocked and the expression of NF-κB and MCP-1 was detected. Moreover, for assessing the relationship between NF-κB and MCP-1, the NF-κB gene was blocked and MCP-1 expression was detected.

Results:

Aldosterone significantly increased AT1a, AT2, NF-κB and MCP-1 levels in RMCs in a dose-dependent manner, whereas eplerenone (EPI), a selective aldosterone antagonist, partly inhibited the effects of aldosterone. When AT1a and AT2 genes were blocked, the expression of NF-κB and MCP-1 was greatly inhibited. Moreover, when the NF-κB gene was silenced, the expression of MCP-1 was reduced.

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that aldosterone induced an inflammatory response in RMCs cultured in high-glucose media via the AT1a and AT2 pathways.
A new way to measure the luminous intensity distribution of LEDs based on Luneburg lens
Authors: Ge A , Wang J , Qiu P , Cai J
Published: January 2014

The use of LEDs is increasing rapidly in both the commercial and residential markets. Nowadays, the main way to measure the luminous intensity distribution of a LED is by using a goniophotometer. This takes a long time which means its test efficiency is low. In this paper, we will propose a new way to measure the luminous intensity distribution of LEDs based on the Luneburg lens, which is a kind of dielectric lens with continuously changed index of refraction, with high efficiency and low cost. We also develop a complete test system and give the result of a simulation of the test system.
Measuring Sexual Victimization
Authors: Krebs Christopher
Published: January 2014

Rennison and Addington use National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data to document the fact that college women experience violent victimization at a lower rate than women of the same age who do not attend college, which refutes the idea that women in college are at increased risk of being victimized. The measurement of victimization, especially sexual victimization, is, however, a topic that has be the source of much debate. Bureau of Justice Statistics is currently exploring what are the best methods for measuring sexual victimization within the NCVS, and recent methodological research, which is summarized in this article, could inform this process. Although consensus has seemingly been forming around come methods, such as using self-administered survey instruments and behaviorally specific questions when trying to measure sexual victimization, the jury is still out on some other design fronts. What is not clear is whether we need the jury to come in, so to speak. Some methodological variation might be acceptable, especially if the various methods being considered are producing similar results.
Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Rippe James M.
Published: January 2014

As the lifestyle medicine movement continues to gain traction and strength, it is critically important that lifestyle medicine practitioners base their recommendations on the best available evidence. This review outlines ways of accomplishing that goal. The core concepts behind lifestyle medicine reside in many different bodies of information. These include nutrition, exercise physiology, behavioral medicine, psychology, and many more. Lifestyle medicine practitioners will need to be knowledgeable in all of these areas. A good place to start is with the evidence-based recommendations put out by major national bodies. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans also provide comprehensive, evidence-based information regarding these 2 critically important modalities. This review also discusses ways that scientific information is often distorted and how conjecture may sometimes be confused with proof. The review concludes with some recommendations for how lifestyle medicine practitioners can ground their recommendations on sound scientific evidence.
Effects of Self-Construal Differences on Cognitive Dissonance Examined by Priming the Independent and Interdependent Self
Authors: Lee Jamie Jia Yan , Jeyaraj Senthu
Published: January 2014

Prior cross-cultural research on dissonance has relied on cultural stereotypes in assuming that individuals from Western cultures are individualistic and have independent self-construals whereas individuals from Asian cultures are collectivistic and have interdependent self-construals. The current research made use of priming to avoid relying on cultural stereotypes and examined how having an independent or interdependent self-construal accounted for differences in dissonance experienced. A total of 120 participants who were Singapore citizens or permanent residents were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Participants received either an independent or interdependent prime, and rated and ranked CDs before and after they made a choice between closely valued alternatives either for oneself or a close other. Results indicated that independently primed participants demonstrated significant dissonance when they made choices for themselves and close others whereas interdependently primed participants demonstrated significant dissonance when they made choices for close others but not for themselves. The study’s findings suggest that having either self-construal accounted for differences in dissonance experienced.
Single nucleotide polymorphism at alcohol dehydrogenase-1B is associated with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ye Bo , Ji Chun-Yu , Zhao Yi , Li Wang , Feng Jian , Zhang Xu
Published: January 2014

Background

Esophageal squamous incidence in many developed countries has increased dramatically over last decades, while the underlying mechanism of the biogenesis of ES was still unknown.

Methods

Here, we investigate 1001 subjects with esophageal cancer recruited from the affiliated hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from Jan. 1, 2001 to Feb. 2, 2004. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) was performed, and the recombinant plasimd containing ADH1B was constructed. Then, the ADH1B was purified and the enzymatic activity was assayed according to the methodology of Quayle. Furthermore, the effect of ADH1B on proliferation of human esophageal squamous cell lines was determined and the underlying mechanism of ADH1B was investigated.

Results

Logistic regression analyses revealed that subjects carrying the GG variant homozygote had a significant 2.81-fold (adjusted OR = 2.81; 95% CI = 2.18-3.62) increased risk of esophageal cancer. We found that SNP of ADH1B (GG) significantly promotes cell proliferation in ESGG. ADH1B (GG) could down-regulate endogenous ADH1B expression at posttranscriptional level. Moreover, re-expression of ADH1B in cells transfected with ADH1B (AA) significantly inhibits cell proliferation.

Conclusions

Our data implied that ADH1B (GG) could promote cell proliferation in human ESGG through regulating the enzyme activity of ADH1B. Therefore, we propose that ADH1B might be used as a therapeutic agent for human ESGG.
On the oscillation and asymptotic behavior for a kind of fractional differential equations
Authors: Wang Yizhuo , Han Zhenlai , Zhao Ping , Sun Shurong
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we discuss the oscillations of the fractional order differential equation

D
a
α

x
(
t
)
+
q
(
t
)
f
(
x
(
t
)
)
=
0

,

t
∈
[
a
,
+
∞
)

,

a
>
0

, where q is a positive real-valued function and f is a continuous functional;

D
a
α

denotes the Riemann-Liouville differential operator of order α,

0
<
α
≤
1

. We use the Riccati transformation technique to obtain some sufficient conditions which guarantee that every solution of the equation is oscillatory or the limit inferior converges to zero. Two examples are given to show the applications of our main results.

MSC:34A08, 34K11.
Disentangling Public Participation In Science and Biomedicine
Authors: Kelty Christopher , Panofsky Aaron
Published: January 2014

Background

This article provides a framework for disentangling the concept of participation, with emphasis on participation in genomic medicine. We have derived seven ‘dimensions’ of participation that are most frequently invoked in the extensive, heterogeneous literature on participation. To exemplify these dimensions, we use material from a database of 102 contemporary cases of participation, and focus here on cases specific to science and medicine. We describe the stakes of public participation in biomedical research, with a focus on genomic medicine and lay out the seven dimensions.

Discussion

We single out five cases of participation that have particular relevance to the field of genomic medicine, we apply the seven dimensions to show how we can differentiate among forms of participation within this domain.

We conclude with some provocations to researchers and some recommendations for taking variation in participation more seriously.
Seismic attributes and kinematic azimuthal analysis for fracture and stress detection in complex geologic settings
Authors: Sliz Krzysztof (Kris) , Al-Dossary Saleh
Published: January 2014

Fractured rocks can exhibit good reservoir properties and provide high-permeability passages for hydrocarbons. Understanding fracture and stress systems is a key element in successful horizontal drilling and fracking for unconventional reservoir exploration. As a result, there is growing interest in methods that can estimate fracture orientation, density, and style. However, fracture detection using surface seismic data is challenging, and the results are usually ambiguous. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses and responds to fractures and compressional stress in different ways. A major uncertainty in fracture analysis based on azimuthally variant seismic velocities is caused by interference from structural effects, localized small-scale velocity anomalies, and directional stress. They can induce azimuthal variation in velocity, which can mask the influence on traveltimes caused by the fractures. To overcome these challenges, we focused on a fracture and compressional stress detection methodology using 3D scanning of azimuthally dependent residual moveout volumes constrained by fracture-sensitive seismic attributes. Our workflow was successfully applied to wide-azimuth, highfold land seismic data acquired over a fractured formation in the northern part of Saudi Arabia, where we were able to map 3D zones with a high probability of fractures and differentiate them from areas with higher compressional stress.
Structural and stratigraphic feature delineation and facies distribution using seismic attributes and well log analysis applied to a Brazilian carbonate field
Authors: Bueno Juliana Finoto , Honório Bruno César Zanardo , Kuroda Michelle Chaves , Vidal Alexandre Campane , Pereira Leite Emilson
Published: January 2014

Identification of structural and stratigraphic components within a hydrocarbon reservoir is essential for the construction of geologic models that represent the facies distribution as accurately as possible. Such construction may represent a challenge for ancient carbonate reservoirs, which exhibit greater heterogeneity than siliciclastic reservoirs. We developed a workflow that incorporated seismic attribute analysis and well log data to highlight structural and architectural elements with the benefit of the understanding the distribution of facies in this features in an Albian offshore carbonate reservoir in Brazil. The proposed workflow combined incoherence, sweetness, and a new approach of spectral decomposition to delineate the main structural and architectural elements in the field. Well log facies and modern analog analyses were used to support the architectural elements’ interpretation. Joulters Cays is an oolitic shoal in the Bahamas that provided a modern analog for the field in study. Three main fault systems, responsible for the rollover structure of the field, were detected with the incoherence attribute. The workflow allowed the interpretation of four main architectural elements in the field: (1) tidal channels, (2) carbonate shoals, (3) reef, and (4) lagoons. Tidal channels and lagoons are mainly composed by wackestone. Carbonate shoals are primarily composed by grainstone with secondary packstone, while the reef crest is composed by packstone. Sequential indicator simulation (SIS) of well log facies supported these observations. The highlighted architectural elements could be helpful for the construction of a conceptual model of the field or useful as a training image for multiple-point statistics because SIS of well log facies does not define geologic bodies.