bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model and experience‐based initial input construction for iterative learning control
Authors: Freeman C. T. , Alsubaie M. A. , Cai Z. , Rogers E. , Lewin P. L.
Published: September 2010

The initial choice of input in iterative learning control (ILC) generally has a significant effect on the error incurred over subsequent trials. In this paper, techniques are developed that use experimental data gathered over previous applications of ILC in order to generate an initial input signal for the tracking of a new reference trajectory. A model‐based approach is then incorporated to overcome the limitation of insufficient previous experimental data, and a robust design procedure is developed. Experimental evaluation results are obtained using a gantry robot facility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restricted diagonal detection filter and updating strategy for multiple fault detection and isolation
Authors: Keller Jean‐Yves , Sauter Dominique
Published: September 2010

In this paper, a restricted diagonal detection filter for multiple fault detection and isolation in linear discrete‐time stochastic systems is presented. The proposed filter makes it possible to generate a minimum variance white innovation sequence having directional properties in response to each fault. For detection and isolation of multiple impulsive faults, a bank of generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) tests is applied to the innovation sequence generated by the detection filter. It is shown that this strategy extends the GLR test of Willsky and Jones (IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 1976; 21(1):108112) to the case of multiple impulsive faults appearing simultaneously. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexagonal Honeycombs with Zero Poisson's Ratios and Enhanced Stiffness
Authors: Grima Joseph N. , Oliveri Ludovica , Attard Daphne , Ellul Brian , Gatt Ruben , Cicala Gianluca , Recca Giuseppe
Published: September 2010

In view of their potential applications in sandwich structures, there has been increasing interest in honeycomb networks. Several different types of honeycomb systems have been proposed each exhibiting different mechanical properties. Here we propose a new hexagonal honeycomb structure composed of two different geometrical features: a re‐entrant feature which is known to generate auxetic behavior, and a non re‐entrant feature found in regular hexagonal honeycombs which leads to conventional behavior. This results in a “semi re‐entrant honeycomb” built of alternate conventional and auxetic layers. Finite element analysis and analytical modeling of these honeycombs show that they exhibit a zero Poisson ratio in one direction and a higher than normal Young's modulus in the orthogonal direction. We also show that by virtue of its zero Poisson's ratio, this honeycomb has a natural tendency to form cylindrical shaped curvatures, something which is very difficult to achieve with conventional or auxetic honeycombs.
Improvement of state profile accuracy in nonlinear dynamic optimization with the quasi‐sequential approach
Authors: Bartl Martin , Li Pu , Biegler Lorenz T.
Published: September 2010

Quasi‐sequential methods are efficient and flexible strategies for the solution of dynamic optimization problems. At the heart of these strategies lies the time discretization and approximation of dynamic systems for nonlinear optimization problems. To address this question, we employ a time derivative analysis within the quasi‐sequential approach and derive a finite element placement strategy. In addition, methods for direct error prediction are applied to this approach and extended with a proposed time derivative analysis. According to the information for current time derivatives, subintervals are introduced that improve accuracy of state profiles. Since this is only done in the simulation layer, the nonlinear programing solver need not be restarted. An efficient gradient computation is also derived for these subintervals; the resulting enhanced accuracy accelerates convergence performance and increases the robustness of the solution to initialization. A beer fermentation process case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
New sensor network design and retrofit method based on value of information
Authors: Nguyen DuyQuang , Bagajewicz Miguel J.
Published: September 2010

Traditionally, the sensor network design procedure was based on positioning sensors so that certain network monitoring capabilities (e.g., observability, redundancy, and error detectability) of key variables are assured at minimum sensors cost. We present a new approach that is based on maximizing economic value of information minus cost instead of the traditional approach that requires the satisfaction of performance targets. This article presents the conceptual aspect and computation issues of this new approach: the connection between the new approach and the traditional minimum‐cost approaches is explored and the computational methods to solve the proposed problem are presented. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Relationship between the lung function and anthropometric measures and indexes in adolescents from Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Bajo Juan Manuel , Mangeaud Arnaldo
Published: September 2010

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the degrees of association between the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) with four anthropometric variables: height, sitting height, surface, and body volume, and two somatometrics indexes: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cormic index, and to confront the values of FVC obtained with the predicted ones by the method of Polgar.

Methods: One sample of 54 boys and 31 girls was selected. All of them were 11–18 years of age, and were students of the National School of Monserrat (Cordoba, Argentina). The FVC was determined through computerized spirometer and the data were analyzed applying General Linear Models. The values of FVC were confronted with the predicted ones by the method of Polgar.

Results: The results indicate the existence of direct relation, with different values from the regression coefficient, between the FVC and the somatometrics variables, with statistically significant differences between sexes. The association of the FVC with the sitting height and the Cormic index demonstrates an increased differential based on sex. The values obtained from FVC in women, similar to those predicted by the method of Polgar; do not occur in masculine sex.

Conclusions: we emphasize the observed intersexual difference when we used the Cormic index and sitting height for predicting the FVC; in contrast with the BMI, which has little explanatory power for the FVC. Finally, we also want to emphasize the necessity of counting on local reference tables for spirometric values. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arbitrary 𝓁‐state solutions of the Klein‐Gordon equation with the Pöschl‐Teller potential
Authors: Koçak G. , Taşkın F.
Published: September 2010

Within the framework of the Klein‐Gordon equation, the relativistic bound states for the Pöschl‐Teller potential are obtained for arbitrary angular momentum quantum numbers by using an approximation for the centrifugal term. The special case for equally scalar and vector Pöschl‐Teller potential is studied. The energy eigenvalues are obtained in closed form and the corresponding normalized radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the generalized hypergeometric functions. The s‐wave (𝓁 = 0) case and bound state conditions are also investigated.
Catalysis of Mononuclear Aquaruthenium Complexes in Oxygen Evolution from Water: A New Radical Coupling Path using Hydroxocerium(IV) Species
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Masaoka Shigeyuki , Abe Jiro , Sakai Ken
Published: September 2010

The mechanism of O2 evolution from water catalyzed by a series of mononuclear aquaruthenium complexes, [Ru(terpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+, [Ru(tmtacn)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+ (R=H, Me, and OMe; R2bpy=4,4′‐disubstituted‐2,2′‐bipyridines), and [Ru(tpzm)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+ (R=H, Me, and OMe), is investigated, where terpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, tmtacn=1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane, and tpzm=tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane. The kinetics of O2 evolution is investigated as a function of either the catalyst concentration or the oxidant concentration by employing Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 as an oxidant; these catalysts can be classified into two groups that have different rate laws for O2 evolution. In one class, the rate of O2 evolution is linear to both the catalyst and Ce4+ concentrations, as briefly reported for [Ru(terpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+ (S. Masaoka, K. Sakai, Chem. Lett. 2009, 38, 182). For the other class, [Ru(tmtacn)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+, the rate of O2 evolution is quadratic to the catalyst concentration and independent of the Ce4+ concentration. Moreover, the singlet biradical character of the hydroxocerium(IV) ion was realized by experimental and DFT investigations. These results indicate that the radical coupling between the oxygen atoms of a RuVO species and a hydroxocerium(IV) ion is the key step for the catalysis of [Ru(terpy)(bpy)(OH2)]2+ and [Ru(tpzm)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+, while the well‐known oxo‐oxo radical coupling among two RuVO species proceeds in the catalysis of [Ru(tmtacn)(R2bpy)(OH2)]2+. This is the first report demonstrating that the radical character provided by the hydroxocerium(IV) ion plays a crucial role in the catalysis of such ruthenium complexes in the evolution of O2 from water.
Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results
Authors: Grigoriev Yury G. , Grigoriev Oleg A. , Ivanov Alexander A. , Lyaginskaya Antonina M. , Merkulov Anton V. , Shagina Natalia B. , Maltsev Vyacheslav N. , Lévêque Philippe , Ulanova Alla M. , Osipov Vyacheslav A. , Shafirkin Alexander V.
Published: September 2010

This paper presents the results of a replication study performed to investigate earlier Soviet studies conducted between 1974 and 1991 that showed immunological and reproductive effects of long‐term low‐level exposure of rats to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. The early studies were used, in part, for developing exposure standards for the USSR population and thus it was necessary to confirm the Russian findings. In the present study, the conditions of RF exposure were made as similar as possible to those in the earlier experiments: Wistar rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave RF fields with an incident power density in the cages of 5 W/m2 for 7 h/day, 5 days/week for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole‐body SAR of 0.16 W/kg. Effects of the exposure on immunological parameters in the brain and liver of rats were evaluated using the complement fixation test (CFT), as in the original studies, and an additional test, the more modern ELISA test. Our results, using CFT and ELISA, partly confirmed the findings of the early studies and indicated possible effects from non‐thermal RF exposure on autoimmune processes. The RF exposure resulted in minor increases in formation of antibodies in brain tissue extract and the exposure did not appear to be pathological. In addition, a study was conducted to replicate a previous Soviet study on effects from the injection of blood serum from RF‐exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal and offspring development of rats, using a similar animal model and protocol. Our results showed the same general trends as the earlier study, suggesting possible adverse effects of the blood serum from exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal development of intact rats, however, application of these results in developing exposure standards is limited. Bioelectromagnetics 31:589–602, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep after mobile phone exposure in subjects with mobile phone‐related symptoms
Authors: Lowden Arne , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Ingre Michael , Wiholm Clairy , Hillert Lena , Kuster Niels , Nilsson Jens P , Arnetz Bengt
Published: September 2010

Several studies show increases in activity for certain frequency bands (10–14 Hz) and visually scored parameters during sleep after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. A shortened REM latency has also been reported. We investigated the effects of a double‐blind radiofrequency exposure (884 MHz, GSM signaling standard including non‐DTX and DTX mode, time‐averaged 10 g psSAR of 1.4 W/kg) on self‐evaluated sleepiness and objective EEG measures during sleep. Forty‐eight subjects (mean age 28 years) underwent 3 h of controlled exposure (7:30–10:30 PM; active or sham) prior to sleep, followed by a full‐night polysomnographic recording in a sleep laboratory. The results demonstrated that following exposure, time in Stages 3 and 4 sleep (SWS, slow‐wave sleep) decreased by 9.5 min (12%) out of a total of 78.6 min, and time in Stage 2 sleep increased by 8.3 min (4%) out of a total of 196.3 min compared to sham. The latency to Stage 3 sleep was also prolonged by 4.8 min after exposure. Power density analysis indicated an enhanced activation in the frequency ranges 0.5–1.5 and 5.75–10.5 Hz during the first 30 min of Stage 2 sleep, with 7.5–11.75 Hz being elevated within the first hour of Stage 2 sleep, and bands 4.75–8.25 Hz elevated during the second hour of Stage 2 sleep. No pronounced power changes were observed in SWS or for the third hour of scored Stage 2 sleep. No differences were found between controls and subjects with prior complaints of mobile phone‐related symptoms. The results confirm previous findings that RF exposure increased the EEG alpha range in the sleep EEG, and indicated moderate impairment of SWS. Furthermore, reported differences in sensitivity to mobile phone use were not reflected in sleep parameters. Bioelectromagnetics 32:4–14, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of subnanomolar concentrations of vanadium in environmental water samples using flow injection with luminol chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Attiq‐ur‐Rehman  , Yaqoob Mohammad , Waseem Amir , Nabi Abdul
Published: September 2010

A flow injection chemiluminescence method is described for the determination of subnanomolar concentrations of vanadium in environmental water samples. The procedure is based on the oxidation of luminol in the presence of dissolved oxygen catalyzed by vanadium(IV). Vanadium(V) reduction and preconcentration of vanadium(IV) was carried out using in‐line silver reductor and 8‐hydroxyquinoline chelating columns at pH 3.15, respectively. The calibration graph for vanadium(IV) was linear in the concentration range of 0.025–10 µg/L with relative standard deviation in the range of 0.4–5.58%. The detection limit (3s blank) was 3.8 × 10−3 µg/L without preconcentration; when the vanadium(IV) was preconcentrated with an 8‐HQ column for 1 min (2.0 mL of sample loaded), the detection limit of 5.1 × 10−4 µg/L was achieved. One analytical cycle can be completed in 2.0 min. The analysis of certified reference materials (CASS‐4, NASS‐5 and SLRS‐4) by the proposed method showed good agreement with the certified values. The method was successfully applied to the determination of total dissolved vanadium in environmental water samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational plasticity of the calcium‐binding pocket in the Burkholderia glumae lipase: Remodeling induced by mutation of calcium coordinating residues
Authors: Papaleo Elena , Invernizzi Gaetano
Published: September 2010

Most bacterial lipases bind one or more Ca2+ atoms at different locations and are a suitable case of study for investigating structural effects related to calcium binding, depletion, or mutation of calcium‐binding sites. Generally Ca2+ in microbial lipases can play a crucial role in the stabilization of the whole three‐dimensional structure by mediating long‐range effects. It has been recently demonstrated that calcium binding influences thermal stability of Burkholderia glumae lipase (BGL) through the restriction of conformational plasticity of specific regions. Moreover, calcium depletion results in a highly cooperative protein unfolding, eliciting protein aggregation. To further shed light on molecular mechanisms and structural features connected to calcium binding in microbial lipases, we present a molecular dynamics investigation, based on multiple‐replica approach at different temperatures, of BGL mutants targeting the calcium‐binding site. It turns out that additional acidic residues, which are conserved in other microbial lipases, help in overcoming effects induced by mutation of D241 Ca2+‐coordinating residue, upon rearrangements induced in the calcium binding site. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 117–126, 2011.
Pharmacokinetic properties of N‐nitrosofenfluramine after its administration to rats
Authors: Kaddoumi Amal , Wada Mitsuhiro , Nakashima Kenichiro
Published: September 2010

N‐Nitrosofenfluramine (N‐Fen), a synthetic adulterant in Chinese herbal diet products, is believed to cause hepatotoxicity in people who use these products. N‐Fen is a relatively new compound, and thus pharmacological and toxicological studies are insufficient. The aim of this work was to (1) define N‐Fen's plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 25 mg/kg to rats; (2) define its bioavailability; and (3) identify fenfluramine (Fen) and norfenfluramine (Norf) as N‐Fen metabolites. N‐Fen rapidly appeared in the circulation and was distributed to all tissues. Norf was found to be the primary metabolite and not Fen. Plasma and tissue levels of N‐Fen and Norf were low with bioavailability of N‐Fen after i.p. administration was <3%. The AUC0−t
of N‐Fen in the liver and kidney were 6.6 and 12.1 times, respectively, greater than the brain, and 17.8 and 32.6 times, respectively, greater than the plasma. In conclusion, N‐Fen did not show local accumulation in the liver, the site of toxicity, with concentrations represented as percentage of the total dose ranginng from 0.008 to 0.122%; hence the cause of hepatotoxicity could be related to the mechanisms other than toxicity consequences accumulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public attitudes toward sex offenders and their relationship to personality traits and demographic characteristics
Authors: Olver Mark E. , Barlow Ashley A.
Published: September 2010

The present study examined public attitudes toward the sentencing, treatment, management, and perceived dangerousness of sex offenders. Seventy‐eight university undergraduates completed a 25‐item attitude toward sex offenders survey developed for the present study, along with a five‐factor measure of personality (NEO Personality Inventory – Revised), a demographic questionnaire, and the Paulhus Deception Scale, to control for social desirability. While participants most frequently endorsed the belief that sentences were not sufficiently severe, they tended to espouse treatment and risk management alternatives to longer sentences and eschewed exceptionally severe punishments (e.g., surgical castration). Participants estimated high rates of sexual recidivism (59%), although they also estimated significantly lower recidivism rates for treated offenders. Results of a principle components analysis suggested that participant attitudes comprised two broad domains: systems attitudes (e.g., law enforcement, corrections, justice) and rehabilitative attitudes. Although few demographic differences emerged in participant attitudes, ‘openness to experience’ and ‘agreeableness’ each significantly predicted more rehabilitative attitudes, while contrary to expectations, ‘extraversion’ was significantly associated with more negative systems‐related attitudes. The results provide support that personality traits may be linked to important social attitudes, including those toward sex offenders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure Prediction and Isostructurality of Three Small Molecules
Authors: Asmadi Aldi , Kendrick John , Leusen Frank J. J.
Published: September 2010

A crystal structure prediction (CSP) study of three small, rigid and structurally related organic compounds (differing only in the position and number of methyl groups) is presented. A tailor‐made force field (TMFF; a non‐transferable force field specific for each molecule) was constructed with the aid of a dispersion‐corrected density functional theory method (the hybrid method). Parameters for all energy terms in each TMFF were fitted to reference data generated by the hybrid method. Each force field was then employed during structure generation. The experimentally observed crystal structures of two of the three molecules were found as the most stable crystal packings in the lists of their force‐field‐optimised structures. A number of the most stable crystal structures were re‐optimised with the hybrid method. One experimental crystal structure was still calculated to be the most stable structure, whereas for another compound the experimental structure became the third most stable structure according to the hybrid method. For the third molecule, the experimentally observed polymorph, which was found to be the fourth most stable form using its TMFF, became the second most stable form. Good geometrical agreements were observed between the experimental structures and those calculated by both methods. The average structural deviation achieved by the TMFFs was almost twice that obtained with the hybrid method. The TMFF approach was extended by exploring the accuracy of a more general TMFF (GTMFF), which involved fitting the force‐field parameters to the reference data for all three molecules simultaneously. This GTMFF was slightly less accurate than the individual TMFFs but still of sufficient accuracy to be used in CSP. A study of the isostructural relationships between these molecules and their crystal lattices revealed a potential polymorph of one of the compounds that has not been observed experimentally and that may be accessible in a thorough polymorph screen, through seeding, or through the use of a suitable tailor‐made additive.
An Unexplored O2‐Involved Pathway for the Decarboxylation of Saturated Carboxylic Acids by TiO2 Photocatalysis: An Isotopic Probe Study
Authors: Wen Bo , Li Yue , Chen Chuncheng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai
Published: September 2010

The aerobic decarboxylation of saturated carboxylic acids (from C2 to C5) in water by TiO2 photocatalysis was systematically investigated in this work. It was found that the split of C1C2 bond of the acids to release CO2 proceeds sequentially (that is, a C5 acid sequentially forms C4 products, then C3 and so forth). As a model reaction, the decarboxylation of propionic acid to produce acetic acid was tracked by using isotopic‐labeled H218O. As much as ≈42 % of oxygen atoms of the produced acetic acids were from dioxygen (16O2). Through diffuse reflectance FTIR measurements (DRIFTS), we confirmed that an intermediate pyruvic acid was generated prior to the cut‐off of the initial carboxyl group; this intermediate was evidenced by the appearance of an absorption peak at 1772 cm−1 (attributed to CO stretch of α‐keto group of pyruvic acid) and the shift of this peak to 1726 cm−1 when H216O was replaced by H218O. Consequently, pyruvic acid was chosen as another model molecule to observe how its decarboxylation occurs in H216O under an atmosphere of 18O2. With the α‐keto oxygen of pyruvic acid preserved in the carboxyl group of acetic acid, ≈24 % new oxygen atoms of the produced acetic acid were from molecular oxygen at near 100 % conversion of pyruvic acid. The other ≈76 % oxygen atoms were provided by H2O through hole/OH radical oxidation. In the presence of conduction band electrons, O2 can independently accomplish such C1C2 bond cleavage of pyruvic acid to generate acetic acid with ≈100 % selectivity, as confirmed by an electrochemical experiment carried out in the dark. More importantly, the ratio of O2 participation in decarboxylation increased along with the increase of pyruvic acid conversion, indicating the differences between non‐substituted acids and α‐keto acids. This also suggests that the O2‐dependent decarboxylation competes with hole/OH‐radical‐promoted decarboxylation and depends on TiO2 surface defects at which Ti4c sites are available for the simultaneous coordination of substrates and O2.
Applying the lens of intersectionality to UK equal opportunities and diversity policies
Authors: Bagilhole Barbara
Published: September 2010

Incorporating the social differentiations of gender, race, disability, sexual orientation, religion or belief, and age into UK equal opportunities and diversity legislation involved creating a new single equality body for Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). This paper assesses the efficacy of an Equality and Diversity Mainstreaming approach established in Northern Ireland (NI) for this new agency. It also stresses the potential value of “intersectionality” to further policy planning and development. It is argued that the combination of the NI model underpinned by the concept of intersectionality could offer a way forward for the new agency where, importantly, the issue of gender remains one of the most important axes of domination. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate mediates chemotaxis of human primary fibroblasts via the S1P‐receptor subtypes S1P1 and S1P3 and Smad‐signalling
Authors: Gil Pilar Rivera , Japtok Lukasz , Kleuser Burkhard
Published: September 2010

The sphingolipid sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) induces chemotaxis of primary fibroblasts. Thus, S1P exhibited a chemotactic effect in a concentration‐dependent manner from 10−6 to 10−9 M; higher concentrations resulted in a loss of migration, and lower amounts were ineffective to evoke movement toward a concentration gradient of S1P. In congruence with the migratory response, S1P caused an extension of lamellipodia at the cell periphery of human fibroblasts and a rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. These effects were visible by phalloidin staining of actin filaments as well as focal adhesion turnover. As the molecular mechanism of S1P‐mediated migration of fibroblasts has not been well characterized, we investigated whether S1P‐receptors are involved in the chemotactic response. Indeed, inhibition of Gi signalling markedly reduced motility towards S1P, suggesting an involvement of S1P‐receptor subtypes. Moreover, downregulation of S1P1 and S1P3 indicated that these S1P‐receptor subtypes are responsible for the chemotactic action of the bioactive sphingolipid. After having identified a crosstalk between Smad‐proteins and S1P‐signalling, we investigated whether Smad‐activation is involved in the chemotactic response induced by S1P. Indeed S1P caused a Smad‐activation via the S1P receptor subtypes S1P1 and S1P3. Moreover, downregulation of Smad3 diminished the ability of S1P to mediate a chemotactic response in fibroblasts, indicating a crosstalk between TGF‐β‐ and S1P‐signalling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of non‐Hodgkins lymphoma in a resource‐challenged environment
Authors: Alam Kiran , Jain Anshu , Maheshwari Veena , Siddiqui Farhan Asif , Haider Nazima , Khan Arshad Hafiz
Published: September 2010

To establish the role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool for non‐Hodgkins lymphoma in a resource challenged environment.

This study was conducted on patients with lymphadenopathy, attending various clinics over a period of 18 months. FNAC of the enlarged lymph nodes was performed and biopsy, special stains and immunohistochemical staining was done in selected cases.

Out of the total 275 cases, 42 cases (16%) were primary lymphoproliferative disorders. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma comprised of 32 cases (76.2% of all lymphomas), Hodgkin lymphoma‐10 cases and the rest were metastatic carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy for non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma was 93.3%, sensitivity 95.4%, and specificity 87.5%.

FNAC is a rapid, safe, easy, and nonexpensive diagnostic technique which can be used for early diagnosis of non‐Hodgkins lymphoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mature hair follicles generated from dissociated cells: A universal mechanism of folliculoneogenesis
Authors: Zheng Ying , Nace Arben , Chen Wei , Watkins Krystal , Sergott Luke , Homan Ying , Vandeberg John L. , Breen Matthew , Stenn Kurt
Published: September 2010

The hair follicle is considered to be a model system for studying organogenesis. In our initial study using mouse cells (Zheng et al., 2005) we found that new hair follicle formation always starts from an epithelial platform: the epidermal cells aggregate, the aggregates encyst, and from the periphery of the cysts, centrifugally, hair buds, pegs, and follicles form. In this report, we extend our initial study to four distantly related mammals: opossum, rat, dog and human. We find that in these four species, plus mouse, the most trichogenic cells are found in the earliest stages of hair follicle development and that the cellular mechanism of new hair follicle formation starting from dissociated cells is largely the same. These studies suggest that there is essentially one way by which dissociated mammalian skin cells form a new hair follicle in vivo and that this mechanism has been highly conserved. Developmental Dynamics 239:2619–2626, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative expression pattern analysis of the highly conserved chemokines SDF1 and CXCL14 during amniote embryonic development
Authors: García‐Andrés Clara , Torres Miguel
Published: September 2010

Chemokines are secreted proteins with essential roles in leukocyte trafficking and cell migration during embryogenesis. CXCL14 displays a degree of evolutionary conservation unmatched by any other chemokine except for SDF1(CXCL12). However, its role during embryogenesis has not been studied. Here we describe the expression pattern of mouse and chicken CXCL14 during embryogenesis and compare it with that of SDF1. CXCL14 is widely expressed in embryonic ectoderm and shows a restricted and dynamic expression pattern in paraxial mesoderm, mesonephros, neural tube, and limbs. During limb development, CXCL14 marks a unique connective tissue subset that surrounds developing tendons. Comparison of CXCL14 and SDF1 reveals mostly non‐overlapping or complementary expression patterns, suggesting an interactive regulation of developmental processes by these two chemokines. Our study identifies CXCL14 as a novel marker of tendon connective tissue and provides a conceptual framework for the coordinated action of two highly conserved chemokines in embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 239:2769–2777, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid remodeling of airway vascular architecture at birth
Authors: Ni Amy , Lashnits Erin , Yao Li‐Chin , Baluk Peter , McDonald Donald M.
Published: September 2010

Hypoxia and vascular remodeling in postnatal mouse trachea. Confocal image of whole mount of P3 mouse trachea stained for hypoxic cells (pimonidazole, green) and blood vessels (PECAM‐1, red). Blood vessels survive in hypoxic regions (green), but are absent or dying in vertically‐oriented dark regions that are not hypoxic, which are located mostly over regions containing cartilage. From Ni et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:2354–2366, 2010.
Platinum Complex Catalyzed Decomposition of Formic Acid
Authors: Rieckborn Timo Paul , Huber Elvira , Karakoc Emine , Prosenc Marc Heinrich
Published: September 2010

The decomposition of formic acid catalyzed by a cationic hydridoplatinum tetradentate phosphane complex was studied by NMR spectroscopy, isotope labeling and DFT calculations. In the initial step dihydrogen is formed by the reaction of the formic acid with the hydrido ligand yielding a platinum formate cation. The formato ligand is then transformed to CO2 by a β‐H transfer of the formate C–H bond to the Pt center revealing the initial cationic Pt–H complex. The reaction sequence was illuminated by deuterium and C‐13 isotope labeling revealing the cationic Pt–D complex as only Pt complex product if a deuterated formate ligand was used. The transfer of the hydrido ligand to an ensuing coordination site at the Pt center is assisted by the labile bonding character of the phosphane ligand. The activation energy was calculated to be +110 kJ/mol above the initial formate complex. The decomposition reaction was observed to be completely reversible yielding formic acid from CO2 and H2 at a pressure of around 40 bar. Thus, this reaction provides an excellent example for dihydrogen storage and release on demand using a Pt complex as catalyst.
Aza‐Henry Reactions of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline
Authors: Ahamed Muneer , Thirukkumaran Thiru , Leung Wing Yan , Jensen Paul , Schroers Jade , Todd Matthew H.
Published: September 2010

The aza‐Henry reaction of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline is reported. The reaction is favourable in excess nitromethane under ambient conditions. Isolation of the unstable reaction product is achieved by acylation or alkylation, allowing the synthesis of Reissert‐like compounds in good yields from a one‐pot, three‐component coupling. The rates of reaction for dihydroisoquinoline and the corresponding benzylisoquinolinium ion have been investigated in the presence and absence of base. The reaction with dihydroisoquinoline probably proceeds via an azinic acid tautomer of nitromethane, a reaction pathway unavailable to the isoquinolinium ion. The traditionally problematic reduction of two of the resulting β‐nitroamine derivatives was achieved, providing access to a number of new chiral vicinal diamines.
A Highly Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐9‐epi‐Dictyostatin
Authors: Zanato Chiara , Pignataro Luca , Ambrosi Andrea , Hao Zhongyan , Gennari Cesare
Published: September 2010

The total synthesis of (+)‐9‐epi‐dictyostatin (1b), a diastereomer of the antimitotic marine‐sponge‐derived macrolide (–)‐dictyostatin (1a), was achieved by creating 11 stereogenic centers and 4 stereogenic double bonds with a high level of stereocontrol. The yield for the 29‐step longest linear sequence from Roche ester was 1.53 %. The final key steps to this unnatural product were the vinylzincate C10–C26 addition to aldehyde C1–C9 (leading surprisingly to a complete stereoselectivity for the 9R‐epimer), followed by Yamaguchi macrolactonization and global deprotection.
Characterization of the Nucleophilic Allylindium Species Generated from Allyl Bromide and Indium(0) in Aqueous Media (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 28/2010)
Authors: Yasuda Makoto , Haga Masahiko , Nagaoka Yasunori , Baba Akio
Published: September 2010

The cover picture shows the species generated in the reductive system of allyl bromide with indium(0) in water. They include monoallylindium(III) dibromide, diallylindium(III) bromide, and allyl(μ‐oxido)indium(III). These compounds were characterized on the basis of X‐ray analysis. The allylindium compounds showed nucleophilicity towards carbonyl compounds with different reactivities. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by M. Yasuda, A. Baba et al. on p. 5359 ff.
Hepatotoxicity assay using human hepatocytes trapped in microholes of a microfluidic device
Authors: Yeon Ju Hun , Na Dokyun , Park Je‐Kyun
Published: September 2010

Hepatocytes have been used forin vitrohepatotoxicity assays because of their ability to sustain intact liver‐specific functions. Here, we demonstrate a hepatotoxicity assay system using primary human hepatocytes trapped in microholes of a microfluidic device, providing a microscalein vivoliver‐like environment. We performed microfluidic hepatotoxicity assays of several drugs, including acetaminophen, verapamil, diclofenac, and benzopyrene, all of which are known to specifically affect hepatic function. The drug sensitivities in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were measured by calculating the live cell fraction at various drug concentrations. The results indicated that hepatocytes were more sensitive to these drugs than HepG2 cells. The lethal concentration 50 values for all drugs tested were similar to those from thein vitrotoxicity data with human hepatocytes obtained from the literature. Furthermore, we developed a mathematical hepatotoxicity model based on the time‐dependent cell death profiles measured by our device. This novel assay system enabled us to analyzein vivo‐like hepatotoxicity in a microfluidic device by exploiting microstructures to mimic the microenvironment of the liver.
Lectin‐aided separation of circulating tumor cells and assay of their response to an anticancer drug in an integrated microfluidic device
Authors: Li Li , Liu Wenming , Wang Jianchun , Tu Qin , Liu Rui , Wang Jinyi
Published: September 2010

Metastasis caused by the entry of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels is a major factor contributing to death in cancer patients. Separation of CTCs and studies on CTC–drug interactions are very important for prognostic and therapeutic implications of metastatic cancer. In this study, an integrated microfluidic device for CTC separation through the combination of lectin and microstructure is presented. This microfluidic device and lectin concanavalin A were utilized for the separation of K562 cells in whole blood samples. The results showed that the separation efficiency can reach 84%, which is much higher than that of an experiment without concanavalin A treatment. To further demonstrate the feasibility of this microfluidic device application in sequential studies after target cells were separated, the interactions of K562 cells and an anticancer drug, cytarabine, were also examined. After 6 h on‐chip treatment with cytarabine, the viabilities of K562 cells were 85.29, 77.05, and 40% for drug concentration levels of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L, respectively. This system can facilitate the rapid and efficient in vitro investigation of CTC separation and CTC‐related studies.
Polymer monolith‐integrated multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip for online microextraction and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kang Qin‐Shu , Li Yun , Xu Jun‐Qing , Su Li‐Jin , Li Yu‐Tao , Huang Wei‐Hua
Published: September 2010

We reported the in situ synthesis and use of porous polymer monolith (PPM) columns in an integrated multilayer PDMS/glass microchip for microvalve‐assisted on‐line microextraction and microchip electrophoresis for the first time. Under the control of PDMS microvalves, the grafting of the microchannel surface and in situ photopolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in a defined zone were successfully achieved. Different factors including the surface grafting, polymerization time, PDMS elastic properties (ratio of oligomer/curing reagent) and UV intensity that affect the monolith synthesis in the PDMS microchannel were investigated and optimized. Dopamine, a model analyte, has been online microextracted, eluted, electrophoresized and electrochemically detected in the microchip, with a mean concentration enrichment factor of 80 (n=3). The results demonstrated that the PPM could be synthesized successfully in the PDMS microchip with a homogeneous structure and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, owing to the intrinsic character using PDMS in large‐scale integrated microsystems, the implantation of PPM pretreatment units in PDMS microchips would make it possible to deal with complicated analytical processes in a high‐throughput way.
Active base isolation of buildings subjected to seismic excitations
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ming , Spencer Billie F.
Published: September 2010

Structural control technology has been widely accepted as an effective means for the protection of structures against seismic hazards. Passive base isolation is one of the structural control techniques to enhance the performance of structures subjected to severe earthquake excitations. Isolation bearings employed at the base of a structure naturally increases its flexibility, but concurrently results in large base displacements. The combination of base isolation with active control, i.e. active base isolation, creates the possibility of achieving a balanced level of control performance in reductions of either floor accelerations or base displacements. Many theoretical papers have been written by researchers regarding active base isolation. A few experiments have been performed to verify these theories; however, challenges in appropriately scaling the structural system and modeling the complex nature of control–structure interaction (CSI) have limited the applicability of these results. This paper presents the development and experimental verification of an active base isolation system for a seismically excited building. First, the general problem formulation and control design procedure are provided. Subsequently, the experimental setup is described; unique features include low‐friction pendular bearings and custom‐manufactured low‐force hydraulic actuators. A new system identification procedure that can effectively capture the phenomena of CSI is then presented and used to realize control‐oriented models of the system. H2/LQG control strategies employing different performance objectives are developed and experimentally evaluated on a six degree‐of‐freedom shake table in the Smart Structures Technology Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. The proposed control strategies are shown to perform effectively for a wide range of seismic excitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thresholds for morphological changes on an exposed sandy beach as a function of wave height
Authors: Almeida L. P. , Ferreira Ó. , Pacheco A.
Published: September 2010

A sandy beach in the south of Portugal (Faro beach, Ria Formosa) was surveyed from the dune crest seaward to 15 m depth 20 times over a period of 26 months. Wave time‐series between surveys were analysed to obtain relationships between wave height and vertical profile variations and to define wave thresholds for important morphological changes. Results show that the active zone of the profile lies between 5 m above and 10·4 m below mean sea level, and that there are clear cross‐shore differences in the vertical variability of the profile. Based on the pattern of vertical variability, the profile was divided into four cross‐shore sectors: A (berm), 20–80 m from the profile origin; B (sub‐tidal terrace), 80–170 m; C (long‐shore bar), 170–360 m; and D, 360–700 m. The relationship between the modulus of the maximum vertical change in each sector and the 99th percentile of significant wave height between surveys was always significant. Calculated thresholds for significant wave height generating important morphological changes were 2·3 m in sector A, 3·2 m in sectors B and C, and 4·1 m in sector D. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteopontin is induced by hedgehog pathway activation and promotes fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Syn Wing-Kin , Choi Steve S. , Liaskou Evaggelia , Karaca Gamze F. , Agboola Kolade M. , Oo Ye Htun , Mi Zhiyong , Pereira Thiago A. , Zdanowicz Marzena , Malladi Padmini , Chen Yuping , Moylan Cynthia , Jung Youngmi , Bhattacharya Syamal D. , Teaberry Vanessa , Omenetti Alessia , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Guy Cynthia D. , Adams David H. , Kuo Paul C. , Michelotti Gregory A. , Whitington Peter F. , Diehl Anna Mae
Published: September 2010

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of cirrhosis. Recently, we showed that NASH-related cirrhosis is associated with Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation. The gene encoding osteopontin (OPN), a profibrogenic extracellular matrix protein and cytokine, is a direct transcriptional target of the Hh pathway. Thus, we hypothesize that Hh signaling induces OPN to promote liver fibrosis in NASH. Hepatic OPN expression and liver fibrosis were analyzed in wild-type (WT) mice, Patched-deficient (Ptc+/−) (overly active Hh signaling) mice, and OPN-deficient mice before and after feeding methionine and choline–deficient (MCD) diets to induce NASH-related fibrosis. Hepatic OPN was also quantified in human NASH and nondiseased livers. Hh signaling was manipulated in cultured liver cells to assess direct effects on OPN expression, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured in medium with different OPN activities to determine effects on HSC phenotype. When fed MCD diets, Ptc+/− mice expressed more OPN and developed worse liver fibrosis (

P

< 0.05) than WT mice, whereas OPN-deficient mice exhibited reduced fibrosis (

P

< 0.05). In NASH patients, OPN was significantly up-regulated and correlated with Hh pathway activity and fibrosis stage. During NASH, ductular cells strongly expressed OPN. In cultured HSCs, SAG (an Hh agonist) up-regulated, whereas cyclopamine (an Hh antagonist) repressed OPN expression (

P

< 0.005). Cholangiocyte-derived OPN and recombinant OPN promoted fibrogenic responses in HSCs (

P

< 0.05); neutralizing OPN with RNA aptamers attenuated this (

P

< 0.05).

Conclusion:

OPN is Hh-regulated and directly promotes profibrogenic responses. OPN induction correlates with Hh pathway activity and fibrosis stage. Therefore, OPN inhibition may be beneficial in NASH (Hepatology 2011)
Lupeol targets liver tumor-initiating cells through phosphatase and tensin homolog modulation
Authors: Lee Terence Kin Wah , Castilho Antonia , Cheung Vincent Chi Ho , Tang Kwan Ho , Ma Stephanie , Ng Irene Oi Lin
Published: September 2010

Liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) are capable of self-renewal and tumor initiation and are more chemoresistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. The current therapeutic strategies for targeting stem cell self-renewal pathways therefore represent rational approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. In the present study, we found that Lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (lupeol), a triterpene found in fruits and vegetables, inhibited the self-renewal ability of liver T-ICs present in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and clinical HCC samples, as reflected by hepatosphere formation. Furthermore, lupeol inhibited

in vivo

tumorigenicity in nude mice and down-regulated CD133 expression, which was previously shown to be a T-IC marker for HCC. In addition, lupeol sensitized HCC cells to chemotherapeutic agents through the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)–Akt–ABCG2 pathway. PTEN plays a crucial role in the self-renewal and chemoresistance of liver T-ICs; down-regulation of PTEN by a lentiviral-based approach reversed the effect of lupeol on liver T-ICs. Using an

in vivo

chemoresistant HCC tumor model, lupeol dramatically decreased the tumor volumes of MHCC-LM3 HCC cell line-derived xenografts, and the effect was equivalent to that of combined cisplatin and doxorubicin treatment. Lupeol exerted a synergistic effect without any adverse effects on body weight when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that lupeol may be an effective dietary phytochemical that targets liver T-ICs. (Hepatology 2011.)