bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its possible direct interactions with protein phosphatase-1 in marine dinoflagellates
Authors: Dawson John F. , Wang Kathy He , Holmes Charles F. B.
Published: December 2009

We have examined the nature of signal transduction involving reversible protein phosphorylation in marine Prorocentrale species. Of particular interest is the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima in which the tumour promoter okadaic acid is produced and may interfere with signal transduction. We have identified cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity in P. lima, P. micans, and P. minimum. The P. lima enzyme was characterized biochemically and appears to consist of two different isoforms in the R2C2configuration. Whole cell extracts of P. micans and P. minimum treated with the specific PKA inhibitor peptide PKI (5–24) or cAMP demonstrated altered intensities of phosphopeptide32P labeling, most likely involving regulation of a protein phosphatase via PKA activity. A primary candidate for PKA regulation is protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1), which in P. lima possesses a classical PKA consensus phosphorylation site. We demonstrate that a peptide fragment of PP-1 from P. lima corresponding to this PKA phosphorylation site can be effectively phosphorylated by PKA and dephosphorylated by calcineurin. We speculate that PP-1 activity among several lower eukaryotes may be mediated directly by reversible phosphorylation. Higher eukaryotes may have developed inhibitor proteins to provide more complex regulation of protein phosphatase activity.Key words: cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein phosphatase-1, dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima, okadaic acid.
Spatial regression modeling of tree height–diameter relationships
Authors: Meng Qingmin , Cieszewski Chris J. , Strub Mike R. , Borders Bruce E.
Published: December 2009

Tree height–diameter relationships are usually studied using linear or nonlinear models, but exogenous variables, especially spatially autocorrelated and dependent variables of tree diameter or height, are not often considered in height–diameter modeling. Three types of spatial regression models — spatial lag model, spatial error model, and spatial Durbin process model — are explored in this study. The height–diameter relationships are modeled using the spatial regression models to investigate the effects of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and the roles of the exogenous variables generated by neighboring trees. Case study 1 shows that the spatial lag model should be used to analyze height–diameter relationships, in which heights of neighboring trees, which are exogenous variables, and the endogenous variable DBH significantly affect height growth. Case study 2 shows that the spatial error model performs better than other models, and that height growth is not only affected by its endogenous variable diameter but also by unobserved variables that vary spatially and result in residual spatial autocorrelation. Spatial regression models are an approach to height–diameter modeling that provide insight into how the endogenous variable diameter, the exogenous variables height and (or) diameter of neighboring trees, and locally varied but unobserved environmental or ecological variables contribute to height growth.
Late-successional riparian forest structure results in heterogeneous periphyton distributions in low-order streams
Authors: Stovall Jeremy P. , Keeton William S. , Kraft Clifford E.
Published: December 2009

Late-successional riparian forests often regulate autotrophic microhabitats in low-order streams through shading provided by canopies. However, few studies have linked forest structure with periphyton microhabitat in adjoining streams. Our hypotheses were that (1) the heterogeneous horizontal structure in old-growth forests creates more spatially variable below-canopy light environments compared with mature forests and (2) site-specific light availability over streams correlates with spatial distributions of periphyton microhabitat. We surveyed 15 low-order stream reaches in late-successional northern hardwood–hemlock forests in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA. We measured forest structure and the below-canopy light environment at all reaches and the periphyton chlorophyll a concentration on artificial substrates in eight reaches. While stand age was not statistically significant, multivariate models of horizontal forest structure (e.g., gap distribution) and topography showed strong relationships (R2 > 0.70) with the below-canopy light environment across all late-successional forests. Furthermore, metrics of below-canopy light availability explained a small but statistically significant proportion of the variation in chlorophyll a concentration. This variation in chlorophyll a indicates that complex late-successional riparian forests, both mature and old-growth, create a mosaic of heterotrophic (shaded) and autotrophic (lighted) microhabitats along low-order streams. These results reveal important and previously unrecognized links between stream habitat heterogeneity and the horizontal heterogeneous late-successional forest structure.
Assessing the goodness of fit of forest models estimated by nonlinear mixed-model methods
Authors: Huang Shongming , Meng Shawn X. , Yang Yuqing
Published: December 2009

In this study we examined various measures, including the concordance correlation (CC) coefficient, for determining the goodness of fit of forest models estimated by nonlinear mixed-model (NLMM) methods. Based on the volume–age data for black spruce, we analyzed the use of CC and other traditional goodness-of-fit measures such as coefficient of determination (R2), mean bias, percent bias, root mean square error, and graphic techniques on both the population and subject-specific levels within the NLMM framework. We also examined the relationship between goodness-of-fit measures and the number of observations per subject. We found that the standard overall goodness-of-fit measures commonly reported on combined data from different subjects were generally insufficient in determining the goodness of fitted models. We recommend that CC and other selected goodness-of-fit measures be calculated for individual subjects, and that the frequency distributions of the calculated values be examined and used as the principal criteria for determining the goodness of fit of forest models estimated by NLMM methods and for comparing alternative models and covariance structures. We also emphasized the importance of using pertinent graphic techniques to assess the appropriateness of NLMMs, especially at the subject-specific level, wherein lies the main interest of NLMMs.
Postfire seedling recruitment at the southern limit of lichen woodland
Authors: Moss Melissa , Hermanutz Luise
Published: December 2009

Although fire is the primary mechanism driving regeneration in open black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) lichen woodland, there are limited data concerning the sources of seedling mortality across the range of burn severity. We monitored planted seedlings in areas of high and low burn severity in Terra Nova National Park (Newfoundland, Canada) to determine sources and patterns of mortality of black spruce seedlings among burn treatments following a recent burn (2002). The importance of herbivory by small mammals as a source of seedling mortality was evaluated using small cages that excluded voles and non-native snowshoe hare. Overall seedling mortality was high (79%) in all areas; mortality was similar in areas of low (73%) and high (76%) burn severity, and highest in edge areas adjacent to closed-canopy forest (90%). Drought, rather than herbivory, was the most common cause of mortality during the first two seasons following germination. Seedling mortality at the southern edge of the lichen woodland was comparable to that found in other studies, but sources differed, emphasizing the spatially variable nature of mortality. Based on the level of seedling recruitment, our results suggest lichen woodland will return at this site.
Potential changes in monthly fire risk in the eastern Canadian boreal forest under future climate change
Authors: Le Goff Héloïse , Flannigan Mike D. , Bergeron Yves
Published: December 2009

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate whether future climate change would trigger an increase in the fire activity of the Waswanipi area, central Quebec. First, we used regression analyses to model the historical (1973–2002) link between weather conditions and fire activity. Then, we calculated Fire Weather Index system components using 1961–2100 daily weather variables from the Canadian Regional Climate Model for the A2 climate change scenario. We tested linear trends in 1961–2100 fire activity and calculated rates of change in fire activity between 1975–2005, 2030–2060, and 2070–2100. Our results suggest that the August fire risk would double (+110%) for 2100, while the May fire risk would slightly decrease (–20%), moving the fire season peak later in the season. Future climate change would trigger weather conditions more favourable to forest fires and a slight increase in regional fire activity (+7%). While considering this long-term increase, interannual variations of fire activity remain a major challenge for the development of sustainable forest management.
The different strategies of Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica to deal with summer drought in a northern Mongolian forest–steppe ecotone suggest a future superiority of pine in a warming climate
Authors: Dulamsuren Choimaa , Hauck Markus , Bader Martin , Oyungerel Shagjjav , Osokhjargal Dalaikhuu , Nyambayar Suran , Leuschner Christoph
Published: December 2009

Pinus sylvesteris L. is locally common at the lower forest line to the steppe in Mongolia’s taiga forests, which are otherwise dominated by Larix sibirica Ledeb. The factors responsible for the occurrence of pine patches in the forest–steppe ecotone are insufficiently studied. We analyzed the response of P. sylvestris to summer drought in the western Khentey Mountains, northern Mongolia, by measuring shoot water potentials and exemplary measurements of δ13C signatures, CO2–H2O gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence yield, and concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates. Pine trees growing in the forest–steppe ecotone show conservative water consumption with a sensitive stomatal regulation and relatively constant shoot water potentials under dry conditions. This might be a selective advantage for P. sylvestris against increasing aridity driven by global warming, since the main competitor, L. sibirica, often suffers from drought stress even under the current climate in the study area.
Use of georeferenced data to study clustering in the primary wood products industry of the US South
Authors: Aguilar Francisco X. , Grala Robert K. , Bratkovich Stephen M.
Published: December 2009

Forest business clusters offer a unique opportunity to improve competitiveness of the forest products sector and stimulate economic development in rural areas. This study utilized georeferenced data on the location of primary wood products manufacturers in the US South to examine spatial clustering within this industry. Independent spatial analyses, F-hat and L-hat, and a χ2 statistic provided evidence of regional clustering. A count data model was used to determine location preference of primary wood-using mills and identify factors promoting industry clustering. It was determined that access to a labor pool, low cost of primary inputs, presence of related industries, adequate transportation infrastructure, and low land values positively influenced clustering among primary wood-using mills. A marginal analysis indicated that counties with adequate transportation infrastructure and presence of related industries were most likely to attract new primary forest products manufacturers. These two factors increased the predicted number of sawmills by 26.83% and 22.65%, respectively. Increases in prices of logs and energy can deter the spatial aggregation of wood-using mills. Results provide evidence that public investments in infrastructure can have an important role in attracting wood products industry firms.
SYNTHESIS OF Bi-Zn-Al-B-Si-O NANO-GLASS FOR MULTILAYER CHIP INDUCTORS
Authors: AN SUNG YONG , CHOI DONG HYEOK , KIM CHANG-HOON , HYUN SUNG WOOK , SHIM IN-BO , KIM CHUL SUNG
Published: December 2009

The ferrite added with Bi - Zn - Al - B - Si - O nano-glass was sintered at 840-900°C, 2 h and the initial permeability, quality factor, density and saturation magnetization of the samples were measured. The initial permeability of the nano-glass added sample was about 62.6 at 0.1 wt%, and showed a sharp increase from 0.4 to 0.5 wt%. Then, it reached a maximum value (211.2) at 1.0 wt% addition. Above 1.0 wt% addition, the initial permeability decreased again with a further increase in the nano-glass content. The quality factor and saturation magnetization of 0.5 wt% nano-glass added NiZnCu ferrites sintered at 880 °C was about 143 and 386 emu/cc, respectively. It was shown that the Bi - Zn - Al - B - Si - O nano-glass systems were useful as a sintering aid in the fabrication of MLCIs.
DIRECTING THE BRANCHING GROWTH OF CUPROUS OXIDE BY OH- IONS
Authors: CHEN KUNFENG , SI YUNFEI , XUE DONGFENG
Published: December 2009

The effect of OH - ions on the branching growth of cuprous oxide microcrystals was systematically studied by a reduction route, where copper-citrate complexes were reduced by glucose under alkaline conditions. Different copper salts including Cu ( NO 3)2, CuCl 2, CuSO 4, and Cu ( Ac )2 were used in this work. The results indicate that the Cu 2 O branching growth habit is closely correlated to the concentration of OH - ions, which plays an important role in directing the diffusion-limited branching growth of Cu 2 O and influencing the reduction power of glucose. A variety of Cu 2 O branching patterns including 6-pod, 8-pod and 24-pod branches, have been achieved without using template and surfactant. The current method can provide a good platform for studying the growth mechanism of microcrystal branching patterns.
PHASE EVOLUTION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF COMPLEX-STRUCTURED (1 - x)PZT-xBDT CERAMICS
Authors: THONGMEE NAVAVAN , WATCHARAPASORN ANUCHA , JIANSIRISOMBOON SUKANDA
Published: December 2009

This study aims to fabricate and characterize a series of new complex-structured ceramics with formula (1 - x) Pb ( Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48) O 3-x Bi 3.25 Dy 0.75 Ti 3 O 12 or (1 - x)PZT-xBDT (when x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0) using a solid state mixed oxide and sintering method. Optimum sintering temperature for this system was found to be 1000°C for 4 h dwell time. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction indicated existence of BDT- as well as PZT-based solid solutions with corresponding lattice distortion. Scanning electron micrographs of ceramic surfaces showed plate-like structure in BDT-rich phase while typical grain structure was observed for PZT-rich phase. PZT-rich ceramics also possessed high densities due to their more equiaxed grains with high packing capability compared to the ceramics with addition of plate-shaped BDT.
ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROLLABLE SYNTHESIS OF PEROXY NIOBATES CRYSTALLITES
Authors: LIU MEINAN , XUE DONGFENG
Published: December 2009

A benign room temperature synthesis process has been developed to fabricate peroxy niobates with controllable composition and morphology. X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy were used to monitor the change of the phase composition and corresponding microstructure of the obtained niobates. Furthermore, UV/Vis spectra were used to study the optical properties of these ammonium and potassium peroxy niobates. The results showed that these peroxy niobates with { O 2} units present larger bandgap than those with { O 2 F } units. Photoluminescence results well demonstrated that the Nb group environment is sensitive to its optical properties, which offers a marvelous chance for its further applications, such as sensors.
SILICON-STEEL MAGNESIUM OXIDE FABRICATED FROM LIGHT-BURNED MAGNESIA
Authors: ZHONG JIANCHU , WANG YAFANG , WANG HONGZHI , HU DESHENG
Published: December 2009

In this work, silicon-steel magnesium oxide was fabricated from light-burned magnesia by several steps. Light-burned magnesia was first slaked and carbonated to afford magnesium bicarbonate liquor and then the impurities in the liquor were removed by activated carbon. The purified liquor was then pyrolyzed to obtain basic magnesium carbonate which was calcined to result in silicon-steel magnesium oxide. The effects of carbonization time and solid to liquid ratio on the leaching process were discussed, and the impacts of adsorption temperature and time on removing impurities were also investigated. An insight into pyrolytic temperature, time and temperature rise rate indicates that fast temperature rising and high temperature lead to magnesia powders with large particle size while pyrolytic time has little effect on the particle size of magnesium oxide. The results show that the mass fraction of MgO in silicon-steel magnesium oxide is more than 99.5%, the mass fractions of CaO and Fe are less than 0.09% and 0.05%, boron content between 30–1000 ppm and more than 72.3% of magnesia particles are less than 5 µ in size by means of this process.
DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY CaF2 DOPED AlN CERAMICS BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: LEE HYEON-KEUN , KIM DO KYUNG
Published: December 2009

Calcium fluoride additive was used to produce high thermal conductivity AlN ceramics which has no grain boundary phase. Thermal conductivity of AlN is determined by the point defect, represented as oxygen related defect, within the AlN grain. The defect density characterization of high thermal conductivity CaF 2 doped AlN ceramics after heat treatment was conducted by Raman spectroscopy. As measure Raman linewidth broadening, the point defect density variation after heat treatment and corresponding thermal conductivity change was investigated.
HD-QUANTUM VERTEX ALGEBRAS AND BICHARACTERS
Authors: ANGUELOVA IANA I. , BERGVELT MAARTEN J.
Published: December 2009

We define a new class of quantum vertex algebras, based on the Hopf algebra HD= ℂ[D] of "infinitesimal translations" generated by D. Besides the braiding map describing the obstruction to commutativity of products of vertex operators, HD-quantum vertex algebras have as a main new ingredient a "translation map" that describes the obstruction of vertex operators to satisfying translation covariance. The translation map also appears as obstruction to the state-field correspondence being a homomorphism.

We use a bicharacter construction of Borcherds to construct a large class of HD-quantum vertex algebras. One particular example of this construction yields a quantum vertex algebra that contains the quantum vertex operators introduced by Jing in the theory of Hall–Littlewood polynomials.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF PERIODICALLY-PERFORATED NONLINEAR MEDIA AT THE CRITICAL EXPONENT
Authors: SIGALOTTI LAURA
Published: December 2009

We give a Γ-convergence result for vector-valued nonlinear energies defined on periodically perforated domains. We consider integrands with n-growth where n is the space dimension, showing that there exists a critical scale for the perforations such that the Γ-limit is non-trivial. We prove that the limit extra-term is given by a formula of homogenization type, which simplifies in the case of n-homogeneous energy densities.
油尖旺区的贫穷: 市区旧区的贫穷集中及对策
Authors: 黄 洪
Published: December 2009

本文之目的是探索香港市区旧区尤其是油尖旺区贫穷集中的情况，分析市区旧区出现贫穷集中原因，希望能引起社会人士及有关政府部门的关注，避免市区旧区「贫民窟化」的出现。这研究对统计处九六年中期人口统计有关区议会及统计规划小区的统计作资料再分析，当中会集中探讨油尖旺区的贫穷状况及需要。研究的结果显示香港的贫穷问题相当集中于乡郊区及市区旧区，而在市区旧区贫穷状况更集中于地域相当细小的社区。贫穷小社区的特色以私人楼宇及以出租单位为主，共同租户的比例非常高，而居民中老人、单身男性及新来港人士的比例较高，在劳动特徵方面，居民多是零售、批发、出入口、饮食及酒店业的服务工人及建造业的技术工人。本文指出低价私营租务房屋的供应及需求的互动，及社区经济的特色是令贫穷地域集中的原因。最後，本文建议以社区发展的手法为这些贫穷的小社区，进行扶贫作初步的建议，避免市区旧区「贫民窟化」的出现。

This study is a secondary data analysis of the 1996 Population By-census to explore and explain the geographical concentration of poverty in the old urban area in Hong Kong especially in the Yau Tsim Mong District. It suggests that poverty problem in Hong Kong is concentrated in small geographical localities in old urban areas. The characteristic of these small localities is the high ratio of households sharing a quarter with other households. More elderly, unmarried male adult and new arrival residents can be found in these poor communities. Moreover, more residents are employed as service workers and construction workers. The study reports that the concentration of poverty is a result of the interaction between the supply and demand of the low-end rental market of private housing and the development and characteristics of the community economics. Finally, this study recommends using community development as a strategy to alleviate poverty in these localities, as to prevent gettoisation of these old urban areas.
香港与内地中学生偶像崇拜差异之调查与分析
Authors: 岳 晓东 , 黄 成荣 , 张 宙桥
Published: December 2009

本研究抽样调查了763名香港和中国大陆(南京、长沙和南通)中学生对自己偶像人物的看法。首先，受访者需提名三名其生活中最钦佩的人物，然后就其可成为个人之偶像或榜样的程度打分(1=最低，10=最高)。其后，受访者需填写一个26道题目的问卷，其中涉及个人在偶像崇拜方式、取向和选择方式的差异。结果表明，香港中学生主要提名娱乐界名人(如歌坛、体坛和演艺界名人)为其偶像，而中国大陆的中学生主要提名思想界名人(如著名政治家、科学家、文学家、企业家等)。此外，香港中学生所选择的偶像相当单一化和商业化，而中国大陆中学生所选择的偶像则相当多元化和政治化。最后，香港中学生在偶像崇拜中很看重偶像的浪漫性和性感特徵，而中国大陆中学生在偶像崇拜中很看重偶像的人格和思想性特徵。本文在结尾就香港和中国大陆青少年在偶像崇拜的差异进行了深入的探讨。

The present study examined how youths in Hong Kong and mainland China view idols in life; 763 high school students in Hong Kong, Nanjing, Changsha and Nantong (Tibetan students) participated in the study. They were first required to nominate three most admired people in their lives and rate them based on degrees to which these people could become their idols and models. Then, they were required to complete a 25-item questionnaire that examined their differences in manners, motives and perceived influence of idol worship. Hong Kong students mostly nominated recreational celebrities in the entertainment and sports industries while mainland Chinese students mostly nominated ideological celebrities in politics and academics. The most admired people nominated by mainland Chinese youths were a lot more diverse than those nominated by the Hong Kong youths. Hong Kong students were more interested in romantic and sexual characteristics while mainland Chinese students were more interested in personality and ideological characteristics of those whom they admire. The different idol worship cultures in Hong Kong and mainland China may be attributed to a strong commercialisation of adolescent idol worship culture in Hong Kong and a strong ideological identification of adolescent idol worship culture in mainland China.
《内经》的病因学与现代 “生物 · 心理 · 社会” 医学模型
Authors: 吴 兆文
Published: December 2009

《内经》为中国现存最早的医学典藉，在多处内容论述发病学，并确立了中医学基础理论，有别於西方医学，自成学术体系。

本文尝试比较中西医学的病因学说，并讨论其对临床的意义和影响。二千多年前，《内经》已确立了中医学的 “整体观” 和 “双因致病学说”，多年来的临床实践已累积了丰富多层次、多样化的治疗和复康手段，当中有很多都可以作为临床社会工作者所借用，与西方理论和介入方法结合，向精神病患者提供更全面的综合治疗。

Inner Canon is the oldest Chinese medicine book in existence. It has detailed discussions on aetiology and established the theoretical foundation of Chinese medicine. Due to its huge difference from the Western medical model, Chinese medicine itself is a unique academic system.

This article attempts to compare the aetiology models of Chinese and Western medicine, and discuss the implications for clinical practice. For over 2000 years, Inner Canon has established the holistic view and dual-factor aetiology as the foundation of Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated much clinical experience in multi-level and multi-dimensional treatment and rehabilitation approaches. Many of these approaches can be borrowed by social workers. Incorporating these interventions with Western theories and skills can provide more comprehensive services to persons suffering from mental disorders.
PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN HONG KONG: ARE THEY EFFECTIVE?
Authors: CHEUNG SIU-KAU
Published: December 2009

The study examined whether participants of parent education programmes in Hong Kong experienced gains in parental efficacy, parental empathy, availability of social support, and parenting satisfaction as a result of programme attendance. A single-group pre- and post-programme design was adopted. Data from 130 mother participants showed that they had positive gains in the four dimensions. However, mothers aged 40 and above and those with more than one child did not experience higher parenting satisfaction after the programme. Results also indicated that among the three instrumental variables, social support was the most crucial determinant of parenting satisfaction. Implications for social work practice were discussed.

这项研究主要在探讨家长在参加亲职教育活动後，在作为家长的效能感、对子女的同理心、能得到的支持和作为家长的满足感四方面，是否会有得益。研究采用单组活动前和活动后的设计，参与者包括130名女性家长。结果显示，家长在活动后，在四方面均有显著的提升。 但是他们的获益也因其背景有所分别。对於四十岁以上的家长和那些有多过一名子女的家长，他们在活动後并没有加强了作为家长的满足感。另外，结果指出，家长在过程中是否获得更多支持，是影响他们作为家长的满足感的最重要因素。作者就这些结果，提出了一些实务的启示。
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH POST-DIVORCE FAMILIES IN HONG KONG
Authors: LAU YUK-KING
Published: December 2009

In Hong Kong, post-divorce families have long been conceptualised as "single parent families", thereby overlooking the fact that some non-resident parents do have continuous participation in the post-divorce families. With this over-generalised conceptualisation, social services have been focusing on bringing about successful single parenting and have ignored the possibility of post-divorce co-parenting and non-residential parenting in these families. It also reinforces the win-lose dichotomy in fighting over child custody. The author recommends re-conceptualising the post-divorce families as "binuclear families" to draw our attention to the possible participation and influence of the non-resident parents in these families. Promotion of forever-parenthood and family law reform would also help to induce change in the dominant social discourse. We need more empirical research on post-divorce families to clear the obscured picture and facilitate the formulation of an inclusive practice model with these families. Last but not least, as co-constructors of the social discourse on families in alternate forms such as post-divorce families, social work practitioners should enhance their reflexivity on family ideologies and beliefs in parent-child relationships.

基 於 离 婚 家 庭 被 等 同 於 单 亲 家 庭 的 理 解， “非 与 孩 子 同 住 的 父 ／ 母” 在 香 港 离 婚 家 庭 中 的 参 与 一 直 被 忽 略。 在 服 务 设 计 及 实 施 时 也 忽 略 了 离 婚 家 庭 中 “非 与 孩 子 同 住 的 父 ／ 母” 的 亲 职 参 与 及 “协 作 亲 职” 的 可 能， 这 理 解 也 强 化 了 孩 子 抚 养 权 于 父 母 在 离 婚 中 作 为 成 与 败 的 象 徵 意 义。 基 于 过 往 的 不 足， 作 者 提 出 在 概 念 层 面 上 以 “双 核 心 家 庭” 取 代 单 亲 家 庭 的 理 解 以 及 在 法 律 层 面、 实 务 层 面 以 至 训 练 层 面 上 所 需 作 出 的 改 革 考 虑。
McSOCIAL WORK — PROFESSIONAL DECADENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: EPSTEIN WILLIAM M.
Published: December 2009

Professional social work in the United States is too often envied and too little understood. Its many failures of organisation, scholarship and purpose should encourage other nations to look to their own experiences in developing professions of helping. The process of professionalising social services in the US has been impeded by widespread hostility to poorer and lower status citizens. Yet social work itself is complicit with these attitudes, making free institutional choices that benefit the practitioner at the expense of the service recipient; by failing to develop a credible scholarship of service outcomes; by ignoring objective credentials in deference to implicit "experience"; by protecting mediocrity at the expense of quality; and by promoting psychological and individual explanations over structural explanations of social failure. Mortality may be the most hopeful vehicle of reform.
乳腺癌患者在自助组织中的情感支持: 一个探索性的研究
Authors: 陈 津利 , 莫 邦豪 , 冯 可立
Published: December 2009

本研究旨在了解内地乳腺癌患者的情感体验特徵，进而探索乳腺癌患者在自助组织获得的情感支持。研究发现，乳腺癌患者的情感体验特徵表现为：对死亡的种种不确定所产生的恐惧和沮丧；对婚姻解体的焦虑和无助；女性角色的负重和内疚等等。患者在自助组织中感受到的情感支持，在分享、情感讨论和互助方面均有较好的情感支持功效。

This study aims to understand Chinese breast cancer patients' emotions and the emotional support they receive from self-help groups. The findings showed various responses, such as fear and depression of the uncertainty of death; helplessness towards the eventual parting with spouse; feeling of guilt resulting from inability to meet traditional female role expectations and others. The emotional support that the patients received in the self-help groups through sharing and discussion showed a positive turn.
用参与式贫富排序方法识别农村低保对象: 一项探索性研究
Authors: 张 时飞
Published: December 2009

研究和探索一种切合中国农村社会经济结构的识别低保物件的新技术，是未雨绸缪之举。本文尝试采用参与式贫富排序方法去实现上述目标。研究结果显示，在识别农村低保物件方面，参与式贫富排序方法是一种方便快捷、低成本高效益、有可持续能力的方法，值得政府决策部门借鉴参考。

According to the unique social and economic structures in rural China, research and study in exploring a new and effective identifying technique to target people of RMLPS accurately is urgent and necessary. Under the consideration of this unique situation, this research has developed and employed a new technique, namely "The Participatory Wealth Ranking Method", as a tool of identification. The research shows that this technique is convenient, less costly, efficient and effective. In view of its high sustainability, this new technique is valuable and deserves to be considered by the Government in the policy-making process.
危機管理模式 ― 總結在 SARS 疫區提供家居照顧的經驗
Authors: 唐 彩瑩
Published: December 2009

本文嘗試比較兩個危機管理模式，其一是香港家庭福利會“綜合家居照顧服務隊”在2003年SARS 於牛頭角下邨及淘大花園爆發時，總結和歸納出來的一個“危機管理實戰模式”。另一個是 Gonzalez Herrerom 及 Pratt (1995) 建立的一個“危機管理概略模式”。實戰模式更針對其缺漏加以修正和完善，嘗試把概念和實戰經驗融合。經修正後，“實戰模式”的實用性，應可推及至由其他傳染病引致的危機管理上。

This article compared two crisis management models. One of the models — 'crisis management practice model' is formulated from the practical crisis management experiences of the integrated home care service center during the SARS attack in 2003. It is based on the service delivery in the two most affected areas, the Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate and the Amoy Garden. The other model is a four-phase 'crisis management conceptual process model' developed by Gonzalez Herrerom and Pratt (1995). The practice model is further consolidated, enriched and refined in view of the Gonzalez Herrerom and Pratt's model to integrate the conceptual and practical aspects. Its applicability can be extended to other crisis caused by outbreak from other infectious diseases.
“非典型肺炎事件”對香港中學生的影響
Authors: 鍾 慧妍 , 盧 松標
Published: December 2009

未提供摘要。
THE COMPLEXITY OF INDIGENIZATION OF CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE
Authors: LEE MO YEE
Published: December 2009

Indigenization of clinical social work knowledge and practice is inherently a cultural encounter that entails a complex and evolving process. Neither a universalistic nor a culture-specific position can fully capture the complexity of such a process. The discussion examines clinical social work practice knowledge and its implicit values as originated based on Eurocentric experiences and values. Such knowledge is used to compare with cultural values and practices of viewing, expressing, and resolving problems of living among Chinese populations in Hong Kong in the context of continuity and change. Social workers and educators of the receiving culture would have to reflexively examine the attitude of cultural encapsulation, develop cultural self-knowledge, move beyond dualism, develop contextualized understanding, recognize the complexity of such a process, and develop research and practice models that gear toward these dimensions in their quest for developing culturally appropriate and viable modes of treatment for clients and families.
DON'T JUMP, MOTHER LOVES YOU: THE RESCUE OF SOCIAL WORK FROM THE SUICIDE OF ITS OWN RESEARCH
Authors: EPSTEIN WILLIAM M.
Published: December 2009

Instead of trying to improve its very inadequate research by yet another rededication to rationality, social work should take cognizance of its consistent failure across fifty years to produce any scientifically credible social service assessments. The pursuit of rationality in social work obscures its political acquiescence, a fable of the Arctic midgerby. The corrective myths of its research stunt the professional coming of age of social work and may well lead to its demise. Rather than social science, social criticism is more consistent with the field's traditions, inclinations, and capacities.
INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT OF SOCIAL CARE WORKERS AND SOCIAL WORKERS: ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE UK
Authors: EVANS SHERRILL , HUXLEY PETER , MUNROE MARIA
Published: December 2009

This paper presents the results of a survey of international recruitment of social workers and social care workers into the United Kingdom. The literature on international recruitment, especially in relation to social care workers, is extremely sparse. Reviews conducted by the authors for the UK Department of Health did not find any definitive answer to the question of the numbers at present in the UK workforce, their movement between jobs, and their length of stay in the UK. The present study is based on qualitative interviews with three senior managers, four human resources managers, one employment agency manager, one senior social services inspector and three inspectors and three staff from the voluntary and private sectors. The interviews confirmed some of the major benefits associated with international recruitment: a reduction in vacancy rates; filling gaps in key shortage areas; improved sickness records; and once training has been provided the standards of care have improved. In addition, recruitment from overseas has the effect of creating a more diverse staff mix through the appointment of people with more varied experience and experiences. There may also be cost benefits associated with the reduction in costs of employing agency staff. The challenges involved are: having an ethical recruitment policy; the transferability of qualifications and skill sets, and cultural expectations and differences. Employers need to recognize that higher levels of induction are needed in order to meet the unique local knowledge requirements of an overseas candidate. Generally however, there are very few problems, and employers recruiting from overseas find that any problems that exist diminish with each round of recruitment, that is, as employers learn from their previous mistakes. Nevertheless, international recruitment is only a short term strategy, and, alone, does not solve the fundamental domestic problems that lead to the shortages in the first place.
Book Review: "本質與典範：社會工作的反思"，何芝君、麥萍施
Authors: 邵 家臻
Published: December 2009

未提供摘要。
PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL PROTECTION IN WELFARE POLICY AND EXPERIENCE FROM FINLAND
Authors: BÄCKMAN GUY
Published: December 2009

This article aims to give some perspectives on social welfare in a globalizing world. The focus is on the West and East in a narrow sense; West from a European Nordic and East from an East Asian cultural perspective. Undoubtedly, modernization and globalization have brought about economic, technological and social progress and therefore, favorable effects on the development of postmodern society. However, progress is also followed by new risks and uncertainties which are not only found in the daily lives of individuals and families, but also the need to redesign social protection systems.

Of course, risks always exist and are as old as industrial society, but in modern times, life is more complex than ever and the increase in complexity has probably been the most rapid in parts of the world where the economic, technological and social changes have escalated. In economically and technologically advanced societies, individuals and families are exposed to multiple risks and this can be disturbing to their social reality.

In Finland, where the principles of the Nordic welfare model have been adopted, many people are still without work and financial resources of their own in maintaining an adequate standard of living. Young families with children have been affected the most. A welfare policy question is: ''How can the social protection system succeed in handling all new and changing problems in modern living?'' In order to minimize risks in the future and provide a fair standard of living for individuals and families, social investment in children seems to be an important challenge for social policies and social work. Both in the West and in the East, there is a growing call for a joint responsibility that addresses an appropriate social protection against risks and uncertainties.

People in modern times have more diverse and specific welfare needs than previously. The fulfillment of new and changed needs by welfare providers is becoming more difficult due to slowness in paradigm and policy renewals. It is a challenge for researchers to generate new knowledge from the study of different welfare systems. Scenario modeling and fuzzy logic may be good planning tools for future visions. While countries in the West are slow to adjust to new circumstances, their counterparts in the East have a new welfare climate for change, but there also exists unique resistance against policy changes.
Domestic Violence: A Global Perspective
Authors: FAWCETT BARBARA
Published: December 2009

Domestic Violence defined as intimate partner violence is differentially understood and responded to within and between countries and it frequently falls short of being seen as a human rights issue which requires government, community and professional responses. This article explores definitions and explanations of domestic violence that have been put forward and considers the associations that have been made between violence and abuse. It also reviews multi-country links between women's health and domestic violence and examines controversial issues surrounding fathers who have been domestically violent. As part of the discussion, professional responsibility and responses are also appraised. It is argued that domestic violence is intrinsically related to gendered power imbalances which have different manifestations in different social and cultural contexts. However the view that violence is inevitable in certain situations is challenged. The ethical imperative of zero tolerance is emphasized, but further research in relation to how gendered power imbalances foster intimate partner violence in some contexts but not in others and how this can be explored in ways which move the discussion away from pathologising explanations, is highlighted as an area for further investigation.
DONALD TSANG'S PROPOSED FAMILY POLICY COMMISSION: LESSONS FROM HONG KONG AND AMERICAN EXPERIENCES
Authors: MITCHELL ROBERT E.
Published: December 2009

Can governments really do anything to strengthen families? What are the implications of different policies for both governments and families? Based on his family-policy responsibilities in Hong Kong and the U.S., the author brings his own personal historical and international lessons of experience for consideration by the proposed Hong Kong commission on family-friendly policies. Competing advocates of family policies might share common historical misunderstandings and value assumptions but they can differ in their definitions of family failure and how government can help families directly through general policies or through problem-specific advocacy groups. In addition to providing the first although abbreviated history of Hong Kong's Urban Family Life Survey of the 1960s, the author proposes three charges to be included in the current commission's terms of reference and work plan.
OF FIELD EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA AND HONG KONG: A SOCIAL WORK EDUCATOR'S PERSONAL REFLECTION
Authors: CHUI WING-HONG
Published: December 2009

Fieldwork is valued as an essential element in social work education. A partnership between students, agencies and universities is essential to a practical learning experience. Although this article is primarily concerned with issues surrounding field education in just one Australian university, this paper also makes comparisons with cases in Hong Kong where appropriate. Several aspects of field education including the dynamics of power in the fieldwork relationship, roles and status of field educators, on-going training provided for field educators and ways to strengthen collaborations will be discussed. The purpose of this analysis is to look at the basic principles of good fieldwork practice.

實習是社工教育中不可或缺的一環；學生、機構和大學的合作，乃重要的學習體驗。這篇論文不但檢視了環繞澳洲實習教育的議題，還將它們與香港的情況比較。討論範圍包括幾方面：實習關係中的權力互動、實習教育者的角色及地位、為實習教育者提供的持續訓練，以及各種加強合作的方法。這個比較分析的目的是要檢視良好實習的基本原則。
THE "NIGHT DRIFTING TEENS" — A QUEST FOR SOCIAL WORK
Authors: LEE FRANCIS
Published: December 2009

In Hong Kong, the phenomenon of young people hanging around individually or in groups in public places through the night has become prevalent. This has drawn much attention from the public and the media because the behaviour of these "night drifting teens" (e.g., chasing around, vandalising, harassing people passing by, behaving promiscuously) is becoming a public nuisance. Moreover, they also risk running up against the law. Based on a recent exploratory study of these "night drifting" youths, this paper introduces their social background and situation. The causes of their engagement in these nocturnal activities are also explored. Services for this group of youths are also proposed. Further recommendations on the direction and development of relevant service programmes to meet their needs are suggested.

青少年个别地或联群地在夜间于公众场所溜连聚集有普遍化的现象。他们在这些场所的不检行为 (如追追逐逐、破坏公物、骚扰途人、不羁行为) 引起了大众及传媒的关注。再者，他们亦面临犯罪的危机。基于一项以这些夜间活动的青少年为对象的探讨性研究，本文介绍他们的一些社会背景及夜游情况。在探索了他们夜游的原因及服务需要后，本文介绍了一些现时及在计划中为他们提供的服务，亦建议了几点应为他们发展的服务方向。
CONCEPTION OF LEARNING AMONG SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS
Authors: TSANG NAI-MING
Published: December 2009

The responses of 723 students and graduates from the social work course in the Department of Applied Social Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, to 30 statements on the conception of learning were examined. A factor analysis reveals five underlying dimensions: learning as perception, learning as a dynamic process that transcends time and space; the significant others in learning, the instrumental functions of learning; and learning as a rational and emotive process. Non-parametric tests reveal significant differences between i) those with and without social work experience and ii) the diploma and non-diploma holders. Second-order tests of significance were carried out and their findings are discussed.

七百二十三位香港理工大学的社会工作课程学生和毕业生，在一份有三十条命题上的问卷上作答，表示他们的〔学习理念〕。〔因子分析〕显示出五个维度：学习被看为理解；学习不受时间空间所限；影响学习的重要人物；学习的工具性；学习的理性和感性。〔非参数分析〕及〔次度分析〕进一步显出不同类别的回答者之间的〔显著差异〕。
COMBATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: HINDSIGHT FROM A DECADE OF NEWS REPORTS ON FAMILY VIOLENCE IN HONG KONG
Authors: CHUNG CHAN YUK
Published: December 2009

This paper is based on a research project entitled A Documentation of Newspaper Reports on Family Violence in Hong Kong in the Past Decade carried out between 1992 and 1994. Based on a content analysis of news coverage of domestic violence in a local Chinese newspaper between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1990, the author identified a number of findings in this study. First, it was found that 80% (N=91) of the victims of spousal abuse were women. Second, news coverage on violence against women in conjugal relationships were skewed with reports of violence that are of a physical nature (94%). Third, the reports represented only the most serious cases and, therefore represents only the tip of the iceberg insofar as violence against women is concerned. This is because: (i) a large number of these cases involved the use of deadly weapons such as choppers and knives. (ii) all the cases required police intervention; and (iii) 93% of non-fatal cases required immediate medical attention. Lastly, the present study found that the discourse on tended to view violence against women in the newspaper under study to view it as a private, rather than public, issue. On the basis of these findings, the paper discusses the implications for social work practice.

本文乃是根据香港理工大学应用社会科学学系于1992至1994年间所进行一项题为《过去十年香港报章对家庭暴力案件之报导》的研究结果而写成。是项研究的结果可归纳为四点。第一，八成以上的婚姻暴力受害人为女性。第二，94%的报导案件为身体暴力性质。第三，绝大部份的报导案件都涉及危险武器之使用，因此所有的个案都有警方的介入，当中93%的非致命案件的受害人需要即时送院医理。由此看来，所报导的虐妻案件明显地只是代表了香港最严重的虐妻个案。最后，此研究亦发现该传媒主要是把虐妻看为一个个人的问题而非一个社会问题。根据以上的发现，本文作了相关的讨论和建议。
香港青少年性犯罪者的心理特徵及矫治方法
Authors: 李 成富
Published: December 2009

性犯罪在香港整体罪案数字中只占一个很小的比率，而有关性犯罪的本地研究也十分稀少。现行的罪案分类方式明显地不能反映性犯罪的普遍性，也不适用于对罪犯的评估及矫治工作。本文从一个犯罪心理学的角度提出一套简便的分类系统，以犯罪者的动机和行为为基础对犯罪者作出评估，提供预后推测，并建议一套以认知行为治疗法为本的矫治程序，认为值得广泛推行。文内并有个案描述，以资佐证。

Sexual offenses make up only a small portion of the total number of offenses in Hong Kong, and local research related to sexual offenses is also scanty. The current offense classification system not only fails to reflect the prevalence of sexual crimes but is also found irrelevant to the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. This article attempts to propose a concise classificatory system from the perspective of criminological psychology. The offenders' motives and behaviours are used as the bases of assessment and prognosis. A cognitive-behavioural approach to correctional treatment is outlined and advocated. Case materials are provided for illustration.
Book Review: 家的万花筒, 李维榕
Authors: 秦 安琪
Published: December 2009

未提供摘要。
HONG KONG SATELLITE CHILDREN IN CANADA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THEIR EXPERIENCE
Authors: IRVING HOWARD H. , BENJAMIN MICHAEL , TAT TSANG A.K.
Published: December 2009

Astronaut families are those in which one or both parents spend much of their time in Hong Kong or Taiwan, leaving their satellite adolescent children to complete their education in Canada. Very little is known about the experiences of these children. For this exploratory study, interviews with 68 satellite children living in Toronto were examined using thematic analysis and the software program — NUD-IST. Three meta-themes emerged, concerned with ethnic identity development, the socially constructed character of immigrant adolescent experience, and the salient role of time in their adjustment to resettlement. Practice/policy implications are discussed.
PERSONAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS
Authors: TSANG NAI-MING
Published: December 2009

The issue on theory practice integration in social work brings attention to the difference between the positivist and social construction epistemology. The "Attitude About Reality Scale" developed by Unger et al. (1986) tries to measure the personal epistemology of students towards logical positivism and social constructionism. A modified form of the scale was used to measure the personal epistemology of 723 social work students or graduates. Significant difference is detected between diploma and degree students. As social work knowledge is more and more affected by social constructionism, the implications for further research are discussed.

在 社 会 工 作 理 论 与 实 践 结 合 的 讨 论 中， 叫 人 关 注 到 〈实 证〉 及 〈社 会 建 构〉 两 种 不 同 的 知 识 论， 作 者 用 经 修 改 后 的 〈现 实 态 度 表〉， 量 度 了 七 百 二 十 三 位 社 会 工 作 学 生 及 毕 业 生 在 知 识 学 上 对 〈实 证〉 或 〈社 会 建 构〉 的 倾 向， 发 现 文 凭 与 学 位 课 程 中 的 学 生， 在 这 方 面 有 显 著 差 别， 作 者 讨 论 此 结 果。
香港、长沙中学生偶像与榜样选择比较分析 SELECTION OF FAVORITE IDOLS AND MODELS AMONG CHINESE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN HONG KONG AND CHANGSHA
Authors: 岳 晓东 , 甄 雪丽
Published: December 2009

本研究结果表明，香港与长沙的青少年在对钦佩人物的选择上存在着明显的差异。概括起来，香港的青少年更喜欢理想-浪漫-绝对型名人，这些人突出表现为歌星、影星和体育明星；而长沙的青少年更喜欢现实-理性-相对型名人，这些人突出表现为著名政治家和文学家。在怎样看待所提名钦佩人物时，两地的青少年多将演艺界、体育界和政治界的名人当偶像看，而将自己的家人和朋友师长当榜样看。此外，港的青少年选择亲朋好友作为自己最钦佩人物的倾向要高於长沙的青少年，长沙的青少年则选择政治名人作为自己最钦佩人物。此次研究再次证明，偶像和榜样是两个不同的概念。根据上述结果，本文提出，当今青少年崇拜的主流是对歌星、影星和体育明星的“三星崇拜”，这与当今社会的商业化炒作有密切关系。本文还提出，在看待青少年偶像崇拜行为时，应区分遥亲感和即亲感两个概念。其中对遥亲感的满足可谓青少年偶像崇拜的主要目标和精神需求之所在。

The present study asked 258 high school students in Hong Kong and Changsha to nominate three most admired people in their lives and rate them on degrees to which they could become their idols and models. Hong Kong students mostly nominated celebrities in entertainment and sports industries while Changsha students mostly nominated celebrities in politics. Hong Kong students were more inclined than Changsha students to nominate family members, friends and teachers to be their most admired people. A clear distinction was also noted between idols and models. Based on the above results, the authors argued that "tri-star idol worship" constituted the mainstream of idol worship for young people nowadays and that a distinction could be made between remote intimacy and immediate intimacy in understanding adolescent idol worship.