bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of information technologies when teaching the discipline “Russian language in official activities” at a departmental university
Authors: Ustyuzhanin Viktor Nikolaevich , Marchenko Larisa Valentinovna , Popova Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

The aim of the research is to substantiate the need for the use of information technologies when teaching cadets the Russian language at a departmental university as a part of updating the programme of the discipline “Russian language in official activities”. The paper provides the Internet resources necessary for mastering the discipline “Russian language in official activities”, considers the potential of their application and also presents a pool of assessment tools in the form of review questions and practical tasks on each topic of the discipline. The scientific novelty of the work lies in developing the content of curriculum for the discipline “Russian language in official activities” at the Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia in order to form speech culture in a law enforcement officer based on the active use of information technologies and digital tools in the study of the Russian literary language. As a result, the updated curriculum of the discipline “Russian language in official activities” has been presented. The curriculum contains five main topics (“Russian language as an information and sign system and its use in official activities”; “Stylistic system of the modern Russian language and Internet communication”; “Standards of the modern Russian literary language in the era of digital technologies”; “Language and style of official documents. Technologies for processing text information”; “Speech etiquette in official activities. Business digital etiquette”). In addition, a pool of assessment tools for each topic of the discipline “Russian language in official activities” has been developed.
The Slavic world in the present and the past. In memory of Vladimir Pavlovich Gudkov: A collection of articles / ed. by E. I. Yakushkina. M.: MAKS Press, 2022. 224 p.: Book review
Authors: Izotov Andrey Ivanovich
Published: May 2023

Dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian Serbo-Croatian scholar V. P. Gudkov (1934-2020), the collection presents articles by his students and colleagues from Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska on the topical issues of studying and teaching Slavic languages and literatures, primarily (but not limited to) of the South Slavic area. The publication is addressed to a wide range of specialists in Slavic studies.
Representation of the “failed initiation” in postmodern literature in the novel “Brazil” by J. Updike
Authors: Shalimova Nadezhda Sergeevna , Mogish Aleksandra Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the peculiarity of the postmodern initiation novel in the national literary tradition of the US. The paper examines the representation of initiation rites in a literary text with an accent on the transformations that can be seen in the novel “Brazil” by J. Updike referring to the myth of Tristan and Isolde and its realisation in the modern worldview. The authors highlight the world outlook strategies, architectonics, mythopoetic reconstruction of the initiation rite in modern US literature. The paper makes a theoretical contribution to the genre investigation: the analysis of the technique of “negative reception” of initiation, presented for the first time, makes it possible to see the specifics of initiation plot representation in postmodern discourse, which determines the scientific novelty of the study. A transformation of the legend of Tristan and Isolde is represented in J. Updike’s work. The novel takes place in the XX-century Brazil, the initiation of the characters involves going from one place to another, discovering the mysteries of the sacred and death, fantastic elements are included in the narrative. The authors conclude that a variant of the “failed initiation” is presented in the novel “Brazil”, since the main male character is unable to cope with the challenges that he faces on his journey. As a result, it has been proved that the theme of initiation, the outcome of which may be negative, is of crucial importance in J. Updike’s novel.
Terms for dance movements of Bashkir folk dances
Authors: Вaibulov Ilnar Irnazarovich
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the terms for dance movements of folk dances in the Bashkir language. The paper clarifies the notion of ‘Bashkir folk dance’. In the study, the main attention is paid to the comprehensive description of the names of dance movements in Bashkir folk dance. The study is novel in that it is the first to propose the terminology of folk dance movements in the Bashkir language taking into account their territorial-dialect names, using the example of takmaks – Bashkir ditties performed in a recitative and song-recitative melodic style. As a result, it has been proved that the main dance terms for foot movement in Bashkir dance are «тыпырлау» (‘tapping’) and «йөрөшләү» (‘variable step’), which are imitative or playful in nature. In men’s dances, the movements are contingent on the figurative expression of horses’ hoofs clattering, horse riding, in Bashkir women’s dance, each movement reflects a certain type of work: spinning, sewing, weaving, felt dressing, cloth making, cooking and many more. It is with consideration of the above-mentioned peculiarities of Bashkir dances that the names are analysed in the presented paper.
Studying the evolution of the linguoculturological concept BALANCE based on the universal and culture-specific collocations frequency analysis with the “balance” component in Russian and Anglo-American discourse
Authors: Shubina Anna Olegovna
Published: May 2023

The subject of the research is the polysemantic borrowed noun «баланс» (balance) in Russian and “balance” in the Anglo-American language. The aim of the research is to identify the significant universal and culture-specific collocations with the “balance” component, as well as to determine the structure of the concept represented by this lexeme in Russian and Anglo-American discourse. The statistical and psychological methods for analysing collocations in text corpora have been considered. The research is focused on adjective collocations with the “balance” component, formed according to the scheme ADJ (adjective) + NOUN, detected by statistical methods that calculate the frequency and mutual information (relevance) of shared use in dictionaries and linguistic corpora of Russian and Anglo-American texts in the time ranges (1820-1900) and (2015-2019). Within the framework of the psychological approach, the notions of semantic prosody and lexical priming have been considered. From the perspective of the psychological approach, it can be argued that the lexical unit «баланс» / “balance” in Russian and Anglo-American discourse in most cases is used with positive collocates and is associated with positive prosody. The scientific novelty of the research lies in identifying the significant universal and culture-specific collocations with the “balance” component, as well as in studying the evolution of the segmental concept БАЛАНС/BALANCE in Russian and Anglo-American discourse based on the frequency approach using contrastive, diachronic and etymological analysis. The research findings demonstrated the difference in the structure of the concept BALANCE in the time ranges (1820-1900) and (2015-2019) in the Russian language.
Collocations as a tool of teaching vocation-oriented Russian to foreign students on the example of the frame-scenario “Fire description”
Authors: Filippova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: May 2023

The research is aimed at working out the model of teaching vocation-oriented Russian to foreign students on the basis of collocations of the frame-scenario “Fire description”. Special attention is given to the tightness between a definite cognitive structure (slot) and relevant collocations which foreign students know well. This phenomenon makes their speech natural and fluent. In addition, it is noted that the whole lexical units actualize the meanings of professional discourse, have a linguodidactic potential and give a teacher an opportunity to form vocation-oriented speech skills efficiently. The scientific novelty consists in the presentation of a professional discourse fragment as a frame-scenario composed of slots. The slots are filled with the whole lexical units-collocations. The stepwise work with these collocations forms the skills which the foreign students need to participate in professional communication. As a result, the worked out model for teaching Russian as a foreign language allows the foreign students to develop the skills of making vocation-oriented monologues on the basis of the most acceptable combinations of lexical units.
Features of expression of the semantics of futurality by the non-finite forms of the English verb
Authors: Kazionova Elena Nikolayevna , Pavlova Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

The study aims to establish the fact of the transposition of the temporal meaning of futurality to non-finite verb forms in a certain lexico-grammatical (narrow) context. The paper presents a context-based analysis of a corpus of examples from English-language fiction in which an action expressed by a non-finite verb form possesses the meaning of the future tense. It is found that the transfer of the temporal meaning of futurality to a non-finite form occurs due to the modal connotations of verbs in a finite form combined with these non-finite verb forms. This is confirmed by transformational analysis, namely: the combination of a verb (with modal connotative semantics) with a non-finite verb form is easily transformed into a complex sentence with a future tense finite verb form (instead of a non-finite one). The scientific novelty of the study lies in establishing the fact of the transposition of the meaning of the future tense to a non-finite verb form in the construction ‘V (a verb with a modal meaning) + Ving (a non-finite verb form)’. Therefore, this construction can be considered as one of the ways of expressing the future tense in English. As a result of the study, a minimal lexico-grammatical context that promotes the transposition of the meaning of futurality from a finite verb form to a non-finite one has been established.
Partisipasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas XI dalam Program Habit-Forming MAN 2 Samarinda
Authors: Mudiawati Rinda Cahya , Susilo Susilo , Siddik Mohammad
Published: May 2023

The habit-forming program is designed by schools/madrasas to accustom learners to habituation. Indonesian language learning materials can participate in habit-forming programs. The purpose of this study is to describe the participation of Indonesian language learning in the habit-forming program in terms of Indonesian language learning materials. Researchers used descriptive naturalistic qualitative methods to describe what materials in Indonesian language learning can participate in the habit-forming program at MAN 2 Samarinda. The data sources and samples in this study were students in grade XI. Researchers used triangulation techniques to collect data while testing the credibility of different data from the same source. The data analysis technique of this research uses the model developed by Creswell, namely: (1) organizing and preparing data; (2) reading all data; (3) coding; (4) describing coding; (5) constructing data. The results of this study show that Indonesian language learning materials in class XI can participate in the habit-forming program. The stimulus-response of Indonesian language learning in the habit-forming program, among others: Indonesian language learning materials as a form of habituated stimulus; and the participation of Indonesian language learning materials in the habit-forming program as a form of habituated response.
Analisis Butir Soal pada Instrumen Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum Literasi Membaca di SMP IT Insan Utama Pekanbaru
Authors: Putri Andini Della , Mukhlis Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) assesses fundamental skills required for all students to help them improve their skills and participate actively in society. The AKM aims to identify assessment data or reports on students' understanding of the material. The AKM is very important for teachers because it provides an objective measure of learning performance, and for students, the results of this assessment indicate their level of learning achievement. This study aims to describe the results of the analysis of the AKM reading literacy items at SMP IT Insan Utama Pekanbaru. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis. Based on the study's results, the percentage results of the difficulty level analysis of the guiding items were that 70% of the questions were categorized as difficult, 25% were moderate, and 5% were easy. It means that too many questions are difficult. The results of the calculation of differentiating power show that 40% of the questions are very good, 20% are good, 10% are sufficient, and 30% are bad. The analysis of the effectiveness of the checkers shows that 5% of the questions are very good, 15% good, 10% not good enough, 20% bad, 15% very bad.
Pengaruh Tugas Kesenjangan Pendapat, Penalaran, dan Informasi terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Damaianti Vismaia S. , Mulyati Yeti , Sastromiharjo Andoyo
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of applying the three gap tasks, namely the gaps of reasoning, opinion, and information in improving middle-level students' speaking skills. The research method used in this research is quasi-experimental. The research participants totaled 200 students who were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control. Participants were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The students' initial ability in each group was tested to ensure that the students' initial speaking ability did not differ much. The treatment of the three gap assignments was given to the experimental group. The results showed that the three experimental groups that received the intervention for gaps in reasoning, opinions, and information experienced a more significant increase in their speaking ability than the control group. Improvement of students' speaking skills can be seen from various aspects both verbally and nonverbally. It can be concluded that these three gaps of opinion, reasoning, and information tasks are more effective than traditional methods in improving students' speaking skills. The implication of the research is that teachers can choose these three gap tasks to train students in speaking as well as organize their talk.
Value acquisition of school pupils’ after a Christian Religious Studies based intervention (teacher-led digital story telling strategy) in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Oto/Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria, Aremu Victoria
Published: May 2023

The basis for the inclusion of Christian Religious Studies (CRS) into the primary school curriculum in Nigeria was particular to the learning of morals and the development of societally acceptable values and attitudes. Presently, Nigeria is experiencing a high level of social vices, immoralities and an unprecedented amount of anti-social behaviours among youths. Of course, the considerable amount of problems generated by the increasing immoralities among primary school pupils of Lagos State was attributed to effectiveness in the teaching methodologies used for teaching and learning of CRS. Contemporarily, the use of computer-based technologies and digital tools for classroom teaching and learning proved to be effective because it engages primary school pupils. This study focused on the use of digital storytelling in the teaching and learning of CRS in Lagos State primary schools. The research was carried out to study the attitudes of primary school pupils toward CRS after the use of the “Teacher-Led Digital Storytelling Strategy” (TLDSS). Data obtained from the intervention revealed that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS had the highest adjusted post-value acquisition mean score in CRS of 53.86. Again, there were observations from the study that primary school pupils exposed to TLDSS were significantly different from those exposed to conventional strategies (CS) in the teaching and learning of CRS in terms of value acquisition. The findings showed the effectiveness of the use of TLDSS for primary school pupils of Lagos State because TLDSS enhances primary school pupils’ acquisition of values, achievement and development of positive attitude to CRS.
The Rise and Establishment of Oligarchs as Party Substitutes in Ukraine:an Assessment of the Post-Revolutionary (Orange) Years
Authors:   University of Kansas, Zubytska Lidiya
Published: May 2023

This article traces the rise and establishment of the Ukrainian oligarchs as “party substitutes” in the transitional period around the Orange revolution. It argues that the transition of the political system during that time constituted a specific environment of political uncertainty. In this context, the elected officials were more prone to seek an accommodation of interests beyond the traditional voter base, in order to maintain their po- litical relevance, reputation, safe exit and/or political immunity, rather than to aim for re-election. Ukrainian oligarchs, who had been engaged in com- plex ba lancing during the Kuchma presidency for years, and accumulated a wealth of material and organizational resources, became logical providers of such “political goods” to the Ukrainian transitional leaders. Thus, during the post-Orange years, the Ukrainian economic elites tipped the institutional balance from depending on government for krysha and immunity towards utilizing the government resources in their augmented role as party substi- tutes for personal economic gains.
Continuity and Changes of German Economic Elites 1900–1938
Authors:   Ruhr University, Ziegler Dieter
Published: May 2023

This article examines the social composition of the German economic elite in the early twentieth century. It provides a definition of ‘economic elite’ which is focussed on the economic function of certain persons in the business community and deduces it from the social and cultural capital of the family of origin. The main outcome of the scrutiny is the somewhat surprising result that the social and even the personal composition of the German economic elite proved to be extremely stable despite the political turmoil of the period such as the revolution of 1918 or the coming to power of the Nazis in 1933. The only exception was in the latter case the fact that the Jewish members of the elite, who were highly overrepresented as elite members in relation to their share of the population, were at length dispelled from their position. In general, they were not superseded by the so-called Old Fighters of the (NS-)party, but by persons of more or less the same socio-environment as their predecessors with the only exception of their religious adherence.
Performance Evaluation of Al-Rustamiya Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: AbdulRazzak AbdulKarim Muneer
Published: May 2023

Al-Rustamiya sewage treatment plant (WWTP) serves the east side of Baghdad city (Rusafa) and is considered one of the largest projects.It consists of three parts (old project F0, first extension F1, and second extension F2) that treat wastewater and the effluent is discharged into Diyala river and thus into the Tigris River. These plants are designed and constructed with an aim to manage wastewater to reachIraqi effluent standard for BOD5, COD, TSS and chloride concentrations of 40, 100, 60 and 600 mg/L respectively. The data recordedfrom March till December 2011 provided from Al-RustamiyaWWTP, were considered in this study to evaluate the performance of the plant. The results indicated that the strength of the wastewater entering the plant varied from medium to high. The average concentrations of the effluent of BOD5, COD, TSS and chloride were within Iraqi effluent standards. The overall efficiency removalswere: For BOD5: 92.1, 90.31, and 92.96% for F0, F1, and F2 respectively COD: 88.23, 87.9, and 87.95% for F0, F1, and F2 respectively TSS: 86.98, 80.72, and 89% for F0, F1, and F2 respectively Chloride: 14.79, 15.37, and 15.31% for F0, F1, and F2 The mean value of BOD5/COD ratio of the raw wastewater was 0.67 as for typical untreated domestic wastes. The mean BOD/COD ratios of the treated sewage from F0 was 0.48, from F1 0.50 and from F2 0.38. These ratios did not confirm with the typical ratios indicating that the wastewaterneeds more treatment
An ecological momentary intervention to support dynamic goal pursuit: pilot study.
Authors: O'Driscoll Ciarán , Singh Aneesha , Chichua Iya , Clodic Joachim , Desai Anjali , Nikolova Dara , Yap Alex Jie Wei , Zhou Irene , Pilling Stephen
Published: May 2023

Background: Individuals experience difficulties pursuing goals within their environment where they will need to navigate numerous goal priorities. Effective goal dynamics require flexible and generalisable pursuit skills.Objective: This study aimed to developing and piloting a personalised approach to implementing goal pursuit invention in daily life.Methods: The study involved three iterations to test and gradually improve all features of the intervention. Within the pilot, 73 participants completed a week of ecological momentary assessments before completing an intervention training session, after which participants continues to complete EMA while also receiving just-in-time intervention prompts for a further 3 weeks. We evaluated feasibility and acceptability, efficacy and individual change processes by combining intensive (single case experimental design) and extensive methods.Results: The results suggest that the digital intervention was feasible and acceptable to participants. Participants endorsed high acceptability ratings relating to both the study procedures and the intervention. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in goal pursuit.Conclusions: A pilot just in time adaptive intervention using self-monitoring of behaviour, COM-B and mental contrasting and implementation intentions strategies to improve dynamic goal pursuit delivered via an EMI procedure was shown to be feasible and acceptable amongst a non-clinical adult sample. Future research should consider the utility of this approach as an additional intervention element within psychological interventions to improve goal pursuit. Sustaining goal pursuit throughout interventions is central to their effectiveness and warrants further evaluation.
Keep Positive and Defend Democracy: Building Democratic Support Under Authoritarianism
Authors: Öztürk Aykut , Finkel Steven , Neundorf Anja , Ramírez Ericka Rascón
Published: May 2023

Can pro-democratic civic education build democratic support in authoritarian countries and influence how citizens evaluate their country's political regime? To answer these questions, we conducted two online experiments in Turkey comparing the effects of two pro-democratic educational interventions, a positive frame emphasizing gains from democratic institutions and a negative frame highlighting the losses under authoritarian regimes, along with a placebo treatment. Both treatment frames were successful at building general support for democracy. However, only participants exposed to the positive pro-democracy messages took important additional cognitive steps, decreasing their evaluations of Turkey’s democratic performance and becoming less likely to vote for the parties aligned with the autocratic regime. We discuss the significance of these findings and their contributions to the literature on civic education and democratic support.
“Questioning” the Truth Effect: Processing information in interrogative form reduces (but does not cancel) repetition-induced truth
Authors: Mattavelli Simone , Bianchi Claudia , motterlini matteo
Published: May 2023

People attribute higher truth to statements they have previously been exposed to, as compared to new ones. This “truth effect” is pervasive and resistant to many interventions aimed to reduce it. In two pre-registered experiments, we explored whether processing unknown information in an interrogative form can contrast repetition-induced truth. In Experiment 1 (N=100), participants judged the truth value of both repeated and unrepeated sentences. For half of the participants, sentences appeared in a declarative form; for the other half, sentences appeared in an interrogative form, both at exposure and at judgment. Whereas in the declarative condition participants showed the classic truth effect, the effect was not significant in the interrogative condition. In Experiment 2 (N=325), an additional interrogative condition was introduced whereby sentences were presented to participants as questions at exposure, but not at judgment. Compared to the declarative condition, the truth effect was reduced, but still significant, in the two interrogative conditions. Moreover, comparing the two interrogative conditions showed that the truth effect was smaller when sentences were presented as questions only in the exposure phase. We discuss the potential explanations for the impact of questioning on the truth effect, as well as the implications for debiasing strategies.
DREAM: A Dream EEG and Mentation database
Authors: Wong William , Andrade Kátia Cristine , Andrillon Thomas , de Araujo Draulio Barros , Arnulf Isabelle , Avvenuti Giulia , Baird Benjamin , Bellesi Michele , Bergamo Damiana , Bernardi Giulio , Blagrove Mark , Collins Megan B , De Gennaro Luigi , Decat Nicolas , Demirel Çağatay , Dresler Martin , Eichenlaub Jean-Baptiste , Elce Valentina , Gott Jarrod A , Herzog Rubén , Juel Bjørn Erik , Konkoly Karen , LaRocque Joshua J. , Lacaux Célia , Lenggenhager Bigna , Mota-Rolim Sergio Arthuro , Mallett Remington , Noreika Valdas , Oudiette Delphine , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Paller Ken A. , Perogamvros Lampros , revonsuo antti , Scarpelli Serena , Nilsen Andre Sevenius , Siclari Francesca , Sikka Pilleriin , Storm Johan F. , Valli Katja , Wamsley Erin J. , Windt Jennifer , Zhang Jing , van Rijn Elaine , Tsuchiya Naotsugu
Published: May 2023

Magneto/electroencephalography (M/EEG) studies of dreaming are an essential paradigm in the investigation of neurocognitive processes of human consciousness during sleep, but they are limited by the number of observations that can be collected per study. Dream research also involves substantial methodological and conceptual variability, which poses problems for the integration of results. To address these issues, here we present the DREAM database—an expanding collection of standardized datasets on human sleep M/EEG combined with dream report data—with an initial release comprising 20 datasets, 561 participants, and 2649 awakenings. Each awakening consists, at minimum, of sleep M/EEG(≥20 s, ≥100 Hz, ≥2 electrodes) up to the time of waking and a standardized dream report classification of the subject’s experience during sleep. We also provide several examples of analyses, showcasing the database’s high potential in paving the way for new research questions at a scale that any single research group cannot achieve. We notably show that reports of conscious experiences can be predicted with objective features extracted from EEG recordings in both Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. We finally will provide useful criteria for methodological choices in future dream laboratory research and the expansion of this database.
Multilingual Learners in Canadian French Immersion Programs: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: Davis Stephen
Published: May 2023

French immersion (FI) programs in Canada have historically served predominantly Canadian-born, English-speaking students and families in their endeavour to learn both of the country’s official languages, French and English. However, FI programs are becoming increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse as a result of increased global migration to Canada, and many newcomer, multilingual families are interested in providing official-language bilingual education opportunities for their children. The present article is a hybrid literature review and reflection article pertaining to multilingual learners in FI programs. The first section presents a synthesis of post-millennial research (2000-present) according to the following four areas of inquiry: (a) language education policy, (b) educator perspectives, (c) motivation, and (d) achievement. Subsequently, the second section introduces two emerging areas for future research: (a) intersections of race, migration, and language; and (b) plurilingual education. The article seeks not only to summarize recent research with respect to multilingual learners in FI programs but also to set the stage for important and timely areas of future research and to promote more inclusive and equitable FI programs in Canada.
Case Study on the Application of Microstructural Features Extracted by Convolutional Neural Network for Cold Spray of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Tu Siyu , Vo Phuong
Published: May 2023

The use of process-microstructure-property relationships for cold spray can significantly reduce application development cost and time compared to legacy trial and error strategies. However, due to the heterogeneous microstructure of a cold spray deposit, with (prior) particle boundaries outlining consolidated splats (deformed particles) in the as-spray condition, the use of automated analysis methods is challenging. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of quantitative data developed from a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction of cold spray microstructures. Specifically, the power of CNN is harnessed to automatically segment the deformed particles, which is hardly accessible at scale with traditional image processing techniques. Deposits produced with various processing conditions are evaluated with metallography. Parameters related to particle morphology such as compactness are also quantified and correlated to strength.
Visual Navigation for Autonomous Mobile Material Deposition Systems using Remote Sensing
Authors: Maleki S. , McDonald A. , Hashemi E.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we propose a novel visual navigation method to estimate the state of mobile and fixed cold-spray material deposition systems using a stereo-camera sensor installed in the workspace. Unlike other visual localization algorithms that exploit costly onboard sensors such as LiDARs or fully rely on distinct visual cues on the robot and grid markers in the environment, our method significantly reduces the cost and complexity of the sensory setup by utilizing a cost-effective remote stereo vision system. This allows for the localization of the target system regardless of its appearance or the environment, and enables scalability for tracking and operation of multiple mobile material deposition systems at the same time. To achieve this aim, deep neural networks, kinematic constraints, and learning-aided state observers are employed to detect and estimate the location and orientation of the deposition system. A physical model of the system with bounded uncertainty and fusion with a remote visual sensing module is proposed. This accounts for frames in which depth estimation accuracy is reduced due to perceptually degraded conditions in the cold spraying context. The algorithm is evaluated on a fixed and mobile setup that demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.
Application of Machine Learning for Optimization of HVOF Process Parameters
Authors: Gerner Daniel , Azarmi Fardad , McDonnell Martin , Okeke Uchechi
Published: May 2023

A variety of process parameters affect the properties of the deposited coatings in the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. In fact, the quality of coatings can be improved without changing feedstock or deposition technology by the application of optimized spraying process parameters. In this study, a large set of data “Big Data” is used to create a variety of machine learning models for prediction of porosity content and hardness values of HVOF deposited coatings. A set of process parameters was selected as validation run and actual HVOF coating was deposited using those parameters. The porosity level and hardness were measured and compared to those predicted by models. The models differ based on the number of neurons utilized in each layer for the calculations. A model with six neurons could predict closest porosity level and the one with three was the best in prediction of hardness. The final model could be obtained by running data through both models. Through this study, a robust machine learning model for the optimization of HVOF process parameters will be developed that could be used for other coatings and thermal spraying techniques.
Quantitative and Qualitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Cold Spray Manufactured Copper and Aluminum Samples
Authors: Ozdemir Ozan C. , Indu Kumar Kishore Kumar , Patel Mann Baijukumar , Boese Samuel
Published: May 2023

Cold spray (CS) is a solid-state process for depositing metal powder, accelerated by a high-velocity gas such that it bonds to the substrate metal through kinetic impact energy. Although the technology is finding applications in non-load bearing repair and coating applications, work is needed in the quality control procedures for CS for its use in load bearing structural applications. in this study, the viability of electrical conductivity and through thickness ultrasound wave velocity measurement methods are studied to serve as a means for nondestructive quantitative measurement methods for quality control in CS and potentially other additive manufacturing (AM) methods. Eddy current, ultrasound, porosity, hardness, and uniaxial tensile strength tests were conducted on copper and aluminum samples that were manufactured using CS. Ultrasound measurements of longitudinal wave velocity and eddy current electrical conductivity measurements showed good correlation with process conditions that were varied to control particle velocity to intentionally produce samples with varying deposition quality. Influence of process conditions on particle velocity was confirmed via particle image velocimetry. Porosity, hardness, and tensile test results were further correlated to ultrasound wave velocity and electrical conductivity measurements. The results of this work show that nondestructive testing methods can be effectively used to quantitatively assess the cold spray products for quality control purposes.
Cold Sprayed Deposits Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Cizek Jan , Medricky Jan , Stefanik Filip , Cizek Jakub , Melikhova Oksana
Published: May 2023

Cold spray additive manufacturing technology (CSAM) is a progressive method of 3D print of metals and alloys. Its inherent work principles allow production of the components below the material melting points, thereby avoiding several undesired material degradation processes. Among other inherently associated phenomena, the work principles of CSAM involve extreme plastic deformation of the materials, triggering formation of several types of lattice defects. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is an analytical technique capable of studying deformation on the atomic scale level, even in extremely deformed materials. In our study, the first historical analysis of CSAM materials by PAS was carried out. For the demonstration, four different base metals were selected (Al, Cu, Ni, Ti). For these, the character of dislocations and vacancies was observed and the respective densities were quantified. The results show that the extremely high strain rate in the cold spray process prevents recovery of vacancies by diffusion to sinks. The deformation-induced vacancies agglomerate into small vacancy clusters. Hence, metals deposited using CSAM contain not only dislocations but also vacancy clusters. Both kinds of defects were detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy.
Application of In Situ Observation Techniques for Understanding the Principles of the Cold Spray Coating Formation
Authors: Yao Yijun , Li Wenbo , Shi Zhoukun , Planche Marie-Pierre , Liao Hanlin , Deng Sihao
Published: May 2023

As it has been demonstrated that the use of the observation equipment applied on the spray process helps to gain a better coating in terms of properties, non-intrusive observation equipment (Control Vision Inc's SprayCam) is used in the current work for the observations of the jet and particles during the spray process. The application of such in-situ observation techniques concerns the field of cold spraying and brings new insights into the formation process of cold sprayed coatings. The build-up of coatings operated with different parameters (copper powder, nozzle, etc.) are recorded with an extreme short unit of time and then analyzed with the help of digital techniques such as image processing. The basic theories on cold spraying were previously verified by simulation and then compared to experimental results considering the distribution of flying particles involving in the build-up of the coating. The accumulation of data collected by in situ processing techniques during the spray allows understanding the complete steps of the coating formation consequently could bring the entire cold spraying mechanism to a higher level of research.
Microstructural Evaluation of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt (WC-17Co) Alloy Deposited by Cold Spraying, High Velocity Air Fuel, and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying Technologies
Authors: Grabowski Theresa , Gerner Daniel , Azarmi Fardad , McDonnell Martin , Okeke Uchechi
Published: May 2023

In this study, microstructural characterization is conducted on WC-17Co coatings produced via High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF), High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF), and Cold Spraying (CS). All coatings prepared were observed to be of good quality and with relatively low porosity content. SEM study showed important microstructural features and grain morphologies of each coating. While composition of feedstock material was approximately similar, elemental composition using EDS showed higher Co content and lower WC in the CS deposited coating. XRD experiment identified formation of more complex oxides and tungsten phases in coatings deposited technologies involving melting of powders such as HVOF and HVAF. These phases consisted mainly of cobalt oxides and brittle phases such as W3Co3C or W2C caused by decarburization of the tungsten carbide particles. Hardness of all coating samples were examined and CS deposited coating exhibited considerably lower hardness compared to the other two coating samples instead of having significantly lower porosity content. It could be contributed to dissociation and physical loss of hard carbide phase during high velocity impact of particles in CS process. It is in good agreement with detection of higher amount of cobalt in CS deposited coating material. It is strongly believed that results obtained from this study can be used for future investigation in thermo-mechanical properties of WC-Co coatings.
Cavitation Performance of Steel Substrate and HVOF Sprayed WC-Co-Cr Coatings
Authors: Algoburi Ahmed , Ahmed Rehan , Nazarinia Mehdi
Published: May 2023

The cavitation performance of wear resistant cermet coatings can deteriorate in a corrosive environment. This investigation therefore considered the cavitation resistance in seawater of thermally sprayed High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) WC-10Co-4Cr coatings deposited on two different substrate materials of carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel. Coatings were deposited using industrially optimised parameters. Cavitation tests were conducted following the ASTM G32 test method in indirect mode, where there was a gap of 0.5 mm between the sonicator and the test surface. A submersed copper cooling coil controlled the temperature of the seawater. The cumulative cavitation erosion mass loss and cavitation erosion rate results are reported. The eroded substrate and coating surfaces were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) to understand the failure modes. Coating phases were identified using x-ray diffraction. Results are discussed in terms of the cavitation failure modes and cavitation erosion rates for both the substrate and coated surfaces.
How to Determine Process Fluctuations in Wire-Arc Spraying
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Burbaum E. , Naber H.
Published: May 2023

Wire-arc spraying is particularly used for large-area coatings due to the high cost efficiency of the process but is also characterized by strong fluctuations. Nowadays, a costly and time-consuming inspection is required after coating in order to identify and eliminate possible coating defects caused by the process instability. Therefore, a sensor unit with seven channels is established, which realizes an in situ monitoring of the process. The voltage and current sensors are analyzed in detail within this work. Additionally, a variation of the process parameters voltage and wire feed was used to compare the data of a stable and an instable process regarding the arc stability. For a deeper understanding of the process and its performance, the surface is characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and cross-sections are investigated by SEM as well as light microscopy. The new and so far, unique sensor unit is successfully established for the current and the voltage sensor on the wire-arc spraying process. The in situ recording identifies fluctuations of the spraying process. Anomalies of the current I were detected before the break down of the arc occurred. The parameter variation showed an influence on the coating properties. A higher voltage results in a denser coating structure.
The Effect of a Gradient Porous Structure on the Performance of Cold-Sprayed Electrodes used in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Jiang Xinge , Liu Taikai , Liao Hanlin
Published: May 2023

Alkaline water electrolysis is currently the most promising approach to produce hydrogen. However, a main limitation for large-scale application originates from the significant energy loss caused by the coverage of bubbles on the electrode surface. Here, pore-graded Ni electrodes with a positive and negative gradient porous structure that boosts the desorption and release of gas bubble are reported, resulting in a greatly advanced mass transference. The electrodes are obtained from a blend of Ni and Al via high-pressure cold spray. The gradient porosity is realized by varying the addition of Al and chemical etching. As-sprayed electrodes are annealed to eliminate the residual stress and strengthen the adhesion of layers, hence improving their durability. As a result, the electrode with a positive pore-graded structure exhibits a better HER/OER performance when tested with a carbon rob counter electrode. Notably, when tested with an annulus counter electrode of Nickel foam, the electrode with a negative pore-graded structure achieves minimal HER/OER overpotential, outperforming other porous electrodes. This is benefited from improved bubble removal and mass transference capability. All prepared electrodes showed an excellent stability that after 500 cycles of HER/OER test without a large potential fluctuation.
Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Assembly
Authors: Kusuran Amela , Darut Geoffrey , Vitu Ludovic , Planche Marie-Pierre , Mercs David
Published: May 2023

The objective of this work is to assemble an aluminum alloy to a steel to reduce the final mass of this assembly. Doing that, cold spray is considered as an efficient solution. Surfaces are previously prepared with a texturing laser to improve the adhesion of the coating on the substrate. Deposits are slightly rough (Ra < 10 μm), porosity is less than 1% and adhesion is higher than 80 MPa for textured surfaces. These high values are also due to the high filling rates in holes (100% for steel and 65% for aluminum alloy). Shear values obtained through the combination of laser texturing and cold spray for multi-material assembly are of 90 MPa (a heat treatment of 3h at 300°C applied on the joining point improves mechanical strength and increases it by three). By analogy with linear joining methods such as Laser Welding (190 MPa), the values obtained in uniaxial tension by this assembly method are significantly lower (around 50 MPa). It can be explained by the nature of the joining bead, which is made of aluminum alloy.
Cold Gas Spraying 3D Printing of Ti Bipolar Plates for PEM Water Electrolyzers Cost Reduction
Authors: Garfias A. , Vaz R. , Albaladejo-Fuentes V. , Sánchez J. , Sarret M. , Andreu T. , Cano I.G. , Rocha A. , Ferreira R.B. , Falcão D.S. , Pinto A.M.F.R
Published: May 2023

One of the main problems that slows down the implementation of the green hydrogen (H2) economy is the cost of water electrolysis. While part of this cost is associated to the price of electricity, a significant part relies on the parts of the electrolyzers. Despite their advantages, Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE) still have to overcome some drawbacks to reduce its H2 production cost, while maintaining high efficiencies. For decades, thermal spraying has been used for the production of coatings all over the world because of its versatility in industry for machinery and tools preservation, surfaces protection and corrosion prevention. This study demonstrates the possibilities of Cold Gas Spray (CGS) for the cost-reductive production of a component of PEMWEs, the Bipolar Plates (BPPs), by metal 3D printing. In this process, the incorporation of a mask between the nozzle exit and the substrate can drastically transform the BPP production to a very fast and automatic bottom-up process where material is deposited layer by- layer for building up the three-dimensional flow field patterns from a flat surface. Microstructure and topography of 3D printed BPPs were inspected by microscopy techniques. For evaluating the fulfilment of BPPs requirements (interfacial contact resistance and corrosion resistance) the new BPPs were characterized following the Davies’ method and with potentiodynamic test in O2-saturated H2SO4 solutions, respectively.
Development of a Duplex Sn-Cu Coating on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) using Cold Spray and Electrodeposition Processes
Authors: Fallah Panteha , Yue Stephen , McDonald André
Published: May 2023

Direct cold spray deposition of Cu was not possible on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) with thermosetting polymer as the matrix material due to substrate erosion. In a recent study, an epoxy-CFRP was successfully metallized through a hybrid coating process that involves three consecutive coating steps: (i) electroless deposition, followed by (ii) electrodeposition, and finally (iii) cold spray. In this present study, for the reduction of the coating process steps, a duplex metallic coating was developed on an epoxy-CFRPs by cold spray deposition of tin (Sn) to fabricate a continuous metallic interlayer, followed by Cu electrodeposition (i.e., SnCS-CuEP). The tensile adhesion bond strength and the electrical resistivity of the duplex coating were investigated. It was found that cold-sprayed Sn coating failed adhesively in the absence of the electrodeposited Cu coating. After the electrodeposition of Cu, cohesive failure of the cold-sprayed Sn coating took place. A “dissolution-deposition” mechanism has been established to explain the cohesive failure of the coldsprayed Sn coating after electrodeposition. The cohesive strength of the Sn coating is slightly higher than that of the previously fabricated three-step coating system. The electrical conductivity of the electrodeposited Cu coating was found to be 90% of bulk Cu. These results suggest that a duplex SnCS-CuEP coating can be fabricated on epoxy-CFRPs with relatively high electrical conductivity and slightly enhanced adhesion properties as compared to multilayered coatings fabricated using a three-step electroless deposition-electrodeposition-cold spray process.