bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Au-Ag-Se-Te-S Mineralization in the Maletoyvayam High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, Kamchatka Peninsula
Authors: Tolstykh Nadezhda , Shapovalova Maria , Podlipsky Maksim
Published: March 2023

The Maletoyvayam high-sulfidation (HS) epithermal Au-Ag deposit is one of the numerous hydrothermal deposits of the Kamchatka volcanogenic belt, consisting of two main associations: Au-rich (Ag-free) and Ag-bearing. The first one derived from acidic solutions, whereas the second assemblage crystallized from moderately dilute solutions, with both occurring at high oxygen fugacity. The Au-rich association contains the most atypical gold chalcogenides of the Au-Se-Te-S system, which are characterized by Se-S and Te-Se substitutions, e.g., a complete series from maletoyvayamite to tolstykhite Au3(Se,S)4Te6; a series of auroselenide Au(Se1.00–0.64S0.36–0.00); a combined series of gachingite Au(Te,Se) and unnamed Au(Se,Te): Au(Te0.80–0.40Se0.20–0.60). Meanwhile, in the second Ag-bearing assemblage, sulfides of the Au-Ag type prevails, e.g., petrovskaite AuAgS, miargyrite (Ag,Au)(Sb,As)S2, uytenbogaardtite Ag3AuS2, fischesserite Ag3AuSe2 with Au-Ag substitution, and tolstykhite. The Se/S ratio, of the second association, decreases while increasing the Ag concentration in the ore-forming system, including Au-Ag substitutions. The Au content in miargyrite (Au,Ag)SbS3 reaches up to 0.48 apfu, suggesting the existence of a new mineral phase of composition AgAuSb2S6. Au oxide complexes, in both associations, are represented by either a mixture of redeposited gold and Fe-Sb oxide or a homogeneous (Au,Sb,Fe)2O3 composition. These oxides are formed by replacement of calaverite. The ore mineralization of this HS deposit is considered unique due to the special conditions of the ore-forming environment, such as acidic solutions, high oxygen fugacity, and log fSe2 above −5.7; all contributed to the formation of AuSe phases.
Thermobarometry of the Rajmahal Continental Flood Basalts and Their Primary Magmas: Implications for the Magmatic Plumbing System
Authors: Chatterjee Nilanjan , Ghose Naresh C.
Published: March 2023

The Late Aptian Rajmahal Traps originated through Kerguelen-Plume-related volcanism at the eastern margin of the Indian Shield. Clinopyroxene and whole-rock thermobarometry reveals that the Rajmahal magmas crystallized at P-T conditions of ≤~5 kbar/~1100–1200 °C. These pressures correspond to upper crustal depths (≤~19 km). Modeling shows that the Rajmahal primary magmas were last in equilibrium with mantle at P-T conditions of ~9 kbar/~1280 °C. The corresponding depths (~33 km) are consistent with gravity data that indicate a high-density layer at lower crustal depths below an upwarped Moho. Thus, the high-density layer probably represents anomalous mantle. It is likely that the mantle-derived magmas accumulated below the upwarped Moho and were subsequently transported via trans-crustal faults/fractures to the upper crust where they evolved by fractional crystallization in small staging chambers before eruption. In the lower part of the Rajmahal plumbing system, buoyant melts from the Kerguelen Plume may have moved laterally and upward along the base of the lithosphere to accumulate and erode the eastern Indian lithospheric root. The Rajmahal plumbing system was probably shaped by tectonic forces related to the breakup of Gondwana.
Degradation of Tetracycline with Photocatalysis by CeO2-Loaded Soybean Powder Carbon
Authors: He Xinze , Qin Wenzhen , Xie Yu
Published: March 2023

In the process of using photocatalysts to treat tetracycline (TC) wastewater, the degradation efficiency of soybean powder carbon material (SPC) can be improved by loading it with cerium oxide (CeO2). In this study, firstly, SPC was modified by phytic acid. Then, the CeO2 was deposited on modified SPC using the self-assembly method. Catalyzed cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (CeH3NO4) was treated with alkali and calcined at 600 °C under nitrogen. XRD, XPS, SEM, EDS, UV-VIS /DRS, FTIR, PL and N2 adsorption–desorption methods were used to characterize the crystal structure, chemical composition, morphology, surface physical and chemical properties. The effects of catalyst dosage, monomer contrast, pH value and co-existing anions on TC oxidation degradation were investigated, and the reaction mechanism of a 600 Ce-SPC photocatalytic reaction system was discussed. The results show that the 600 Ce-SPC composite presents uneven gully morphology, which is similar to the natural “briquettes”. The degradation efficiency of 600 Ce-SPC reached about 99% at 60 min under light irradiation when the optimal catalyst dosage and pH were 20 mg and 7. Meanwhile, the reusability of the 600 Ce-SPC samples showed good stability and catalytic activity after four cycles.
Development of Cellulose Nanofiber—SnO2 Supported Nanocomposite as Substrate Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tran Quang Nhat , Choi Hyung Wook
Published: March 2023

The large volumetric expansion of conversion-type anode materials (CTAMs) based on transition-metal oxides is still a big challenge for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). An obtained nanocomposite was established by tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles embedding in cellulose nanofiber (SnO2-CNFi), and was developed in our research to take advantage of the tin oxide’s high theoretical specific capacity and the cellulose nanofiber support structure to restrain the volume expansion of transition-metal oxides. The nanocomposite utilized as electrodes in lithium-ion batteries not only inhibited volume growth but also contributed to enhancing electrode electrochemical performance, resulting in the good capacity maintainability of the LIBs electrode during the cycling process. The SnO2-CNFi nanocomposite electrode delivered a specific discharge capacity of 619 mAh g−1 after 200 working cycles at the current rate of 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the coulombic efficiency remained above 99% after 200 cycles showing the good stability of the electrode, and promising potential for commercial activity of nanocomposites electrode.
Innovative Approaches to Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Patil Pramila , Sangale Sushil S. , Kwon Sung-Nam , Na Seok-In
Published: March 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are advancing rapidly and have reached a performance comparable to that of silicon solar cells. Recently, they have been expanding into a variety of applications based on the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskite. Semi-transparent PSCs (ST-PSCs) are one promising application that utilizes the tunable transmittance of perovskite photoactive layers, which can be used in tandem solar cells (TSC) and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, the inverse relationship between light transmittance and efficiency is a challenge in the development of ST-PSCs. To overcome these challenges, numerous studies are underway, including those on band-gap tuning, high-performance charge transport layers and electrodes, and creating island-shaped microstructures. This review provides a general and concise summary of the innovative approaches in ST-PSCs, including advances in the perovskite photoactive layer, transparent electrodes, device structures and their applications in TSC and BIPV. Furthermore, the essential requirements and challenges to be addressed to realize ST-PSCs are discussed, and the prospects of ST-PSCs are presented.
Molecular Engineering of Binder for Improving the Mechanical Properties and Recyclability of Energetic Composites
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhou Xin , Wen Xiaomu , Hao Gazi , Xiao Lei , Zhang Guangpu , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2023

Mechanical properties and reprocessing properties are of great significance to the serviceability and recyclability of energetic composites. However, the mechanical robustness of mechanical properties and dynamic adaptability related to reprocessing properties are inherent contradictions, which are difficult to optimize at the same time. This paper proposed a novel molecular strategy. Multiple hydrogen bonds derived from acyl semicarbazides could construct dense hydrogen bonding arrays, strengthening physical cross-linking networks. The zigzag structure was used to break the regular arrangement formed by the tight hydrogen bonding arrays, so as to improve the dynamic adaptability of the polymer networks. The disulfide exchange reaction further excited the polymer chains to form a new “topological entanglement”, thus improving the reprocessing performance. The designed binder (D2000-ADH-SS) and nano-Al were prepared as energetic composites. Compared with the commercial binder, D2000-ADH-SS simultaneously optimized the strength and toughness of energetic composites. Due to the excellent dynamic adaptability of the binder, the tensile strength and toughness of the energetic composites still maintained the initial values, 96.69% and 92.89%, respectively, even after three hot-pressing cycles. The proposed design strategy provides ideas for the design and preparation of recyclable composites and is expected to promote the future application in energetic composites.
Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mirończuk Anna , Kapica-Topczewska Katarzyna , Socha Katarzyna , Soroczyńska Jolanta , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Chorąży Monika , Czarnowska Agata , Mitrosz Agnieszka , Kułakowska Alina , Kochanowicz Jan
Published: March 2023

Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to be two of the metal contaminants that pose the greatest potential threat to human health. The purpose of this research study was to compare the levels of toxic metals (Cd, Pb) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with a control group in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The study also aimed to assess the correlations between toxic metals and clinical data in AIS patients, and to assess the potential effect of smoking. Materials and methods: The levels of mineral components in the collected blood samples were assessed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The Cd blood concentration was significantly higher in AIS patients as compared to the control group. We found that the molar ratios of Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb were significantly higher (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), when the molar ratios of Se/Pb, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd were significantly lower (p = 0.01; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), in AIS patients as compared to control subjects. However, there were no considerable fluctuations in relation to the blood Pb concentration or molar ratios of Zn/Pb and Cu/Pb between our AIS patients and the control group. We also found that patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis, particularly those with 20–50% ICA stenosis, had higher concentrations of Cd and Cd/Zn, but lower Cu/Cd and Se/Cd molar ratios. In the course of our analysis, we observed that current smokers among AIS patients had significantly higher blood-Cd concentrations, Cd/Zn and Cd/Pb molar ratios, and hemoglobin levels, but significantly lower HDL-C concentrations, Se/Cd, and Cu/Cd molar ratios. Conclusions: Our research has shown that the disruption of the metal balance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AIS. Furthermore, our results broaden those of previous studies on the exposure to Cd and Pb as risk factors for AIS. Further investigations are necessary to examine the probable mechanisms of Cd and Pb in the onset of ischemic stroke. The Cd/Zn molar ratio may be a useful biomarker of atherosclerosis in AIS patients. An accurate assessment of changes in the molar ratios of essential and toxic trace elements could serve as a valuable indicator of the nutritional status and levels of oxidative stress in AIS patients. It is critical to investigate the potential role of exposure to metal mixtures in AIS, due to its public health implications.
A Spatial Analysis of Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index with Income and Grocery Store Density in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Buscemi Joanna , O’Donnell Alexander , Takgbajouah Mary , Patano Paige
Published: March 2023

Food insecurity occurs when a household lacks consistent access to food and is more prevalent in ethnic and racial minority populations. While there has been a proliferation of research linking food insecurity to obesity, these findings are mixed. It may be helpful to consider some additional geographic factors that may be associated with both factors including socioeconomic status and grocery store density. The purpose of the current study aimed to examine spatial relationships between food insecurity and SES/store density and BMI and SES/store density in a diverse sample of adolescents and young adults across two studies in a large, urban city. GIS analysis revealed that participants with the highest food insecurity tend to live in the zip codes with the lowest median income. There did not appear to be clear a relationship between food insecurity and store density. Participants with the highest BMI tend to live in zip codes with lower median income and participants with higher BMI tended to live in the south and west sides of Chicago, which have a relatively lower concentration of grocery stores in the city. Our findings may help to inform future interventions and policy approaches to addressing both obesity and food insecurity in areas of higher prevalence.
How Fast Do “Owls” and “Larks” Eat?
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Docimo Annamaria , Chirico Giovanni , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Barrea Luigi , Muscogiuri Giovanna
Published: March 2023

Chronotype is a reflection of an individual’s preference for sleeping, eating and activity times over a 24 h period. Based on these circadian preferences, three chronotype categories have been identified: morning (MC) (lark), intermediate (IC) and evening (EC) (owl). Chronotype categories have been reported to influence dietary habits; subjects with EC are more prone to follow unhealthy diets. In order to better characterize the eating habits of subjects with obesity belonging to three different chronotype categories, we investigated eating speed during the three main meals in a population of subjects with overweight/obesity. For this purpose, we included 81 subjects with overweight/obesity (aged 46.38 ± 16.62 years; BMI 31.48 ± 7.30 kg/m2) in a cross-sectional, observational study. Anthropometric parameters and lifestyle habits were studied. Chronotype score was assessed using the Morningness–Eveningness questionnaire (based on their scores, subjects were categorized as MC, IC or EC). To investigate the duration of main meals, a dietary interview by a qualified nutritionist was conducted. Subjects with MC spend significantly more time on lunch than subjects with EC (p = 0.017) and significantly more time on dinner than subjects with IC (p = 0.041). Furthermore, the chronotype score correlated positively with the minutes spent at lunch (p = 0.001) and dinner (p = 0.055, trend toward statistical significance). EC had a fast eating speed and this, in addition to better characterizing the eating habits of this chronotype category, could also contribute to the risk of developing obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases.
A Qualitative Study to Compare Barriers to Improving Food Security among Households with Young Children in the U.S. as Perceived by Different Types of Stakeholders before and during COVID-19
Authors: Varela Elder Garcia , Zeldman Jamie , Bolivar Isabella , Mobley Amy R.
Published: March 2023

This qualitative study aimed to determine the perceived barriers of different community stakeholders’ to providing resources for improving food security in households with young children in the U.S. Community stakeholders working with low-income families with children 0–3 years of age in Florida were recruited to represent healthcare (n = 7), community/policy development (n = 6), emergency food assistance (n = 6), early childhood education (n = 7), and nutrition education (n = 6) sectors. In 2020, one-on-one interviews were conducted with each stakeholder in via Zoom, using an interview script based on the PRECEDE–PROCEED model and questions to capture the impacts of COVID-19. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a deductive thematic approach. A cross-tab qualitative analysis was used to compare data across categories of stakeholders. Healthcare professionals and nutrition educators indicated stigma, community/policy development stakeholders indicated a lack of time, emergency food assistance personnel indicated a limited access to food, and early childhood professionals indicated a lack of transportation as the main barriers to food security prior to COVID-19. COVID-19 impacts included the fear of virus exposure, new restrictions, lack of volunteers, and a lack of interest in virtual programming as barriers to food security. As perceived barriers may vary with respect to providing resources to improve food security in families with young children and the COVID-19 impacts persist, coordinated policy, systems, and environmental changes are needed.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Vitamin D in the UK Biobank: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Burrows Kimberley , Fuller Harriett , Speliotes Elizabeth K. , Abeysekera Kushala W. M. , Thorne James L. , Lewis Sarah J. , Zulyniak Michael A. , Moore J. Bernadette
Published: March 2023

Evidence for a role for vitamin D in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is conflicting. As Mendelian randomisation (MR) avoids many limitations of conventional observational studies, this two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to determine the following: (i) whether genetically predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are a risk factor for NAFLD, and (ii) whether genetic risk for NAFLD influences 25(OH)D levels. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum 25(OH)D levels were obtained from the European ancestry-derived SUNLIGHT consortium. SNPs associated with NAFLD or NASH (p-value < 1 × 10−5) were extracted from previous studies and supplemented by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) performed in the UK Biobank. These GWASs were done both without (primary analysis) and with (sensitivity analysis) the population-level exclusion of other liver diseases (e.g., alcoholic liver diseases, toxic liver diseases, viral hepatitis, etc.). Subsequently, MR analyses were performed to obtain effect estimates using inverse variance weighted (IVW) random effect models. Cochran’s Q statistic, MR-Egger regression intercept, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analyses were used to assess pleiotropy. No causal association of genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D (per standard deviation increase) with risk of NAFLD was identified in either the primary analysis: n = 2757 cases, n = 460,161 controls, odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.95 (0.76, −1.18), p = 0.614; or the sensitivity analysis. Reciprocally, no causal association was identified between the genetic risk of NAFLD and serum 25(OH)D levels, OR = 1.00 (0.99, 1.02, p = 0.665). In conclusion, this MR analysis found no evidence of an association between serum 25(OH)D levels and NAFLD in a large European cohort.
Dried Fruits, Nuts, and Cancer Risk and Survival: A Review of the Evidence and Future Research Directions
Authors: Bolling Bradley W. , Aune Dagfinn , Noh Hwayoung , Petersen Kristina S. , Freisling Heinz
Published: March 2023

Dried fruits and nuts contain high amounts of nutrients and phytochemicals—all of which may have anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for dried fruits and nuts and cancer incidence, mortality, and survival and their potential anticancer properties. The evidence for dried fruits in cancer outcomes is limited, but existing studies have suggested an inverse relationship between total dried fruit consumption and cancer risk. A higher consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of several site-specific cancers in prospective cohort studies, including cancers of the colon, lung, and pancreas, with relative risks per 5 g/day increment equal to 0.75 (95% CI 0.60, 0.94), 0.97 (95% CI 0.95, 0.98), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 0.99), respectively. A daily intake of total nuts of 28 g/day has also been associated with a 21% reduction in the rate of cancer mortality. There is also some evidence that frequent nut consumption is associated with improved survival outcomes among patients with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer; however, further studies are needed. Future research directions include the investigation of additional cancer types, including rare types of cancer. For cancer prognosis, additional studies with pre- and postdiagnosis dietary assessment are warranted.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Metabolic Status and Psychological Correlates of a Cohort of Italian NAFLD Outpatients
Authors: Ferri Silvia , Stefanini Bernardo , Minguzzi Marta , Leoni Simona , Capelli Roberta , Secomandi Alice , Chen Rusi , Abbati Chiara , Santangeli Ernestina , Mattarozzi Katia , Fabio Piscaglia
Published: March 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially progressive condition characterized by the presence of fat in more than 5% of hepatocytes, representing the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A reduction of at least 5–7% in initial body weight improves the metabolic profile underlying NAFLD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on a cohort of non-advanced NAFLD Italian outpatients. We identified 43 patients with 3 available time point visits in our center: first visit (T0) when behavioral indications aimed at controlling MetS were provided, a pre-COVID visit (T1) and a post-COVID visit (T2). During the lockdown, an online compilation of validated psychological tests (SRQ-20, EQ5D, SF-12 and STAI) and a specifically formulated questionnaire for NAFLD was presented to our cohort and completed by 14 consenting patients. Patients who had lost more than 5% of the initial weight at T1 (9 subjects, 21%) maintained the results even at T2, with an overall reduction in BMI and liver stiffness; patients who had not lost the desired weight at T1 (34 subjects, 79%) displayed a further increase in BMI and visceral adiposity at T2. Of interest is that patients in the latter group reported signs of psychological suffering. Our data demonstrated that the setting of good counseling was effective in controlling the metabolic disorder underlying NAFLD in our cohort of outpatients. Given the need for patients to play an active role in the behavioral therapy for NAFLD, we advocate that a multidisciplinary approach be adopted, including a psychological support to obtain the best results over time.
Micro- and Macronutrient Intake in Elderly Costa Ricans: The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES)
Authors: Yu Shengxin , Baylin Ana , Ruiz-Narváez Edward A.
Published: March 2023

Costa Rica, a middle-income country in Central America, has a life expectancy similar or even higher than richer countries. This survival advantage is more evident among the elderly, who have one of the lowest mortality rates in the world. Dietary factors may play a role in this extended longevity. We have shown that a traditional rural diet is associated with longer leukocyte telomere length—a biomarker of aging—among elderly Costa Ricans. In the present study, we used data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES) to characterize further rural and urban diets of the elderly (60+ years). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual diet. We used energy-adjusted regression models to compare the intake of micro- and macronutrients between rural and urban regions of the country. Elderly rural residents had a higher consumption of carbohydrates (but lower glycemic index), fiber, dietary iron, and used more palm oil for cooking than elderly urban dwellers. On the other hand, elderly subjects living in urban areas had a higher intake of total fat, mono and polyunsaturated fat, alcohol and dietary calcium compared to elderly rural residents. Our results are similar to earlier reports of middle-aged Costa Ricans and add to the characterization of diet differences in rural and urban regions of the country.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Precursor Suppresses Hepatocellular Cancer Progression in Mice
Authors: Pang Nengzhi , Hu Qianrong , Zhou Yujia , Xiao Ying , Li Wenli , Ding Yijie , Chen Yunan , Ye Mingtong , Pei Lei , Li Qiuyan , Gu Yingying , Sun Yan , Fang Evandro Fei , Chen Mianrong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Yang Lili
Published: March 2023

Targeting Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy; we aimed to explore the health benefits of boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We established three in vivo tumor models, including subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in both Balb/c nude mice (xenograft), C57BL/6J mice (allograft), and hematogenous metastatic neoplasm in nude mice. NR (400 mg/kg bw) was supplied daily in gavage. In-situ tumor growth or noninvasive bioluminescence were measured to evaluate the effect of NR on the HCC process. HepG2 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the absence/presence of NR in vitro. We found that NR supplementation alleviated malignancy-induced weight loss and metastasis to lung in nude mice in both subcutaneous xenograft and hematogenous metastasis models. NR supplementation decreased metastasis to the bone and liver in the hematogenous metastasis model. NR supplementation also significantly decreased the size of allografted tumors and extended the survival time in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro experiments showed that NR intervention inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells triggered by TGF-β. In summary, our results supply evidence that boosting NAD levels by supplementing NR alleviates HCC progression and metastasis, which may serve as an effective treatment for the suppression of HCC progression.
Prevalence and Relevance of Vitamin D Deficiency in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zemlin Cosima , Altmayer Laura , Stuhlert Caroline , Schleicher Julia Theresa , Wörmann Carolin , Lang Marina , Scherer Laura-Sophie , Thul Ida Clara , Spenner Lisanne Sophie , Simon Jana Alisa , Wind Alina , Kaiser Elisabeth , Weber Regine , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Zemlin Michael , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Reichrath Jörg , Müller Carolin
Published: March 2023

(1) Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in many types of cancer. It was the aim of this study to analyze serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and the association with prognostic and lifestyle factors. (2) Methods: 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the prospective observational “BEGYN” study at Saarland University Medical Center between September 2019 and January 2021. At the initiation visit, serum 25(OH)D levels were measured. Clinicopathological data on prognosis, nutrition, and lifestyle were extracted from data files and obtained using a questionnaire. (3) Results: Median serum 25(OH)D in breast cancer patients was 24 ng/mL (range 5–65 ng/mL), with 64.8% of patients being vitamin D deficient. 25(OH)D was higher among patients that reported the use of vitamin D supplements (43 ng/mL versus 22 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.03). Patients with moderate vitamin D deficiency were less likely to have triple negative breast cancer (p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: Routinely measured vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and needs to be detected and treated. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a main prognostic factor for breast cancer.
The ENDORSE Feasibility Study: Exploring the Use of M-Health, Artificial Intelligence and Serious Games for the Management of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Zarkogianni Konstantia , Chatzidaki Evi , Polychronaki Nektaria , Kalafatis Eleftherios , Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Voutetakis Antonis , Chioti Vassiliki , Kitani Rosa-Anna , Mitsis Kostas , Perakis Κonstantinos , Athanasiou Maria , Antonopoulou Danae , Pervanidou Panagiota , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Nikita Konstantina
Published: March 2023

Childhood obesity constitutes a major risk factor for future adverse health conditions. Multicomponent parent–child interventions are considered effective in controlling weight. Τhe ENDORSE platform utilizes m-health technologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and serious games (SG) toward the creation of an innovative software ecosystem connecting healthcare professionals, children, and their parents in order to deliver coordinated services to combat childhood obesity. It consists of activity trackers, a mobile SG for children, and mobile apps for parents and healthcare professionals. The heterogeneous dataset gathered through the interaction of the end-users with the platform composes the unique user profile. Part of it feeds an AI-based model that enables personalized messages. A feasibility pilot trial was conducted involving 50 overweight and obese children (mean age 10.5 years, 52% girls, 58% pubertal, median baseline BMI z-score 2.85) in a 3-month intervention. Adherence was measured by means of frequency of usage based on the data records. Overall, a clinically and statistically significant BMI z-score reduction was achieved (mean BMI z-score reduction −0.21 ± 0.26, p-value < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the level of activity tracker usage and the improvement of BMI z-score (−0.355, p = 0.017), highlighting the potential of the ENDORSE platform.
Cell Viability Study of ZnCuInS/ZnS–TPPS4 Conjugates against Different Cell Lines as a Promising Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Tsolekile Ncediwe , Parani Sundararajan , Lebepe Thabang Calvin , Maluleke Rodney , Ncapayi Vuyelwa , Matoetoe Mangaka Clara , Songca Sandile Phinda , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi Samuel
Published: March 2023

In the present work, we report a simple synthetic strategy for fabricating ZnCuInS/ZnS–TPPS4 conjugates and study its cytotoxicity as a promising material for imaging and phototherapy applications. The quaternary QDs were synthesized using eco-friendly materials such as glutathione and water as a solvent, while the anionic 10,15,20-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4) was synthesized via the acidification of a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin precursor. Interest in TPPS4 results from its high-water dispersity, stability, and ability to generate singlet oxygen. Conjugation of ZnCuInS/ZnS QDs with TPPS4 was performed by titrating porphyrin with different amounts of ZnCuInS/ZnS QDs while keeping all other experimental parameters constant. Comparative analysis of the conjugate to the bare QDs and porphyrin revealed enhanced spectral and photophysical properties. Comparative cytotoxicity assays were performed for TPPS4 and ZnCuInS/ZnS–TPPS4 conjugates in BHK21, Hela, A549, Hek 293 and B16-F10 Nex 2 cell lines using the MTT cell viability assay. The results showed negligible in vitro cytotoxicity indicating the conjugate is an excellent and biocompatible candidate for imaging and phototherapy applications.
An Updated Review of Ornithodoros Ticks as Reservoirs of African Swine Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar
Authors: Jori Ferran , Bastos Armanda , Boinas Fernando , Van Heerden Juanita Van , Heath Livio , Jourdan-Pineau Hélène , Martinez-Lopez Beatriz , Pereira de Oliveira Rémi Pereira de , Pollet Thomas , Quembo Carlos , Rea Keaton , Simulundu Edgar , Taraveau Florian , Penrith Mary-Louise
Published: March 2023

This updated review provides an overview of the available information on Ornithodoros ticks as reservoirs and biological vectors of the ASF virus in Africa and Indian Ocean islands in order to update the current knowledge in this field, inclusive of an overview of available methods to investigate the presence of ticks in the natural environment and in domestic pig premises. In addition, it highlights the major areas of research that require attention in order to guide future investigations and fill knowledge gaps. The available information suggests that current knowledge is clearly insufficient to develop risk-based control and prevention strategies, which should be based on a sound understanding of genotype distribution and the potential for spillover from the source population. Studies on tick biology in the natural and domestic cycle, including genetics and systematics, represent another important knowledge gap. Considering the rapidly changing dynamics affecting the African continent (demographic growth, agricultural expansion, habitat transformation), anthropogenic factors influencing tick population distribution and ASF virus (ASFV) evolution in Africa are anticipated and have been recorded in southern Africa. This dynamic context, together with the current global trends of ASFV dissemination, highlights the need to prioritize further investigation on the acarological aspects linked with ASF ecology and evolution.
Seroexposure to Zoonotic Anaplasma and Borrelia in Dogs and Horses That Are in Contact with Vulnerable People in Italy
Authors: Traversa Donato , Milillo Piermarino , Maggi Raffaella , Simonato Giulia , Di Cesare Angela , Pezzuto Carlo , Grillini Marika , Morelli Simone , Colombo Mariasole , Passarelli Alessandra , Grassano Antonio , Serio Paola , Losurdo Michele , Brueckmann Roberto
Published: March 2023

Equine and canine anaplasmosis and borreliosis are major tick-borne zoonotic diseases caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and various species of Borrelia (the most important being Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.), respectively. This study evaluated the seroexposure to Anaplasma and Borrelia in dogs and horses used in Animal-Assisted Interventions or living in contact with children, elderly people or immunocompromised persons. A total of 150 horses and 150 dogs living in Italy were equally divided into clinically healthy animals and animals with at least one clinical sign compatible with borreliosis and/or anaplasmosis (present at clinical examination or reported in the medical history). Serum samples were tested with ELISA and immunoblot for the presence of antibodies against A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l., and the association between seropositivity and possible risk factors was analyzed using multivariate and univariate tests. Overall, 13 dogs (8.7%) and 19 horses (12.7%) were positive for at least one of the two pathogens. In addition, 1 dog (0.7%) and 12 horses (8%) were positive for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum, while 12 dogs (8.0%) and 10 horses (6.7%) had antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. Tick infestation in the medical history of the dogs was significantly associated with seropositivity to at least one pathogen (p = 0.027; OR 7.398). These results indicate that, in Italy, ticks infected with A. phagocytophilum and/or B. burgdorferi circulate in places where horses and dogs are in contact with people at risk of developing severe diseases. Awareness should be increased, and adequate control plans need to be developed to protect human and animal health, especially where vulnerable, at-risk individuals are concerned.
Lysine Methyltransferase EhPKMT2 Is Involved in the In Vitro Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Munguía-Robledo Susana , Orozco Esther , García-Rivera Guillermina , Bolaños Jeni , Valdés Jesús , Azuara-Licéaga Elisa , Rodríguez Mario Alberto
Published: March 2023

Lysine methylation, a posttranslational modification catalyzed by protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs), is involved in epigenetics and several signaling pathways, including cell growth, cell migration and stress response, which in turn may participate in virulence of protozoa parasites. Entamoeba histolytica, the etiologic agent of human amebiasis, has four PKMTs (EhPKMT1 to EhPKMT4), but their role in parasite biology is unknown. Here, to obtain insight into the role of EhPKMT2, we analyzed its expression level and localization in trophozoites subjected to heat shock and during phagocytosis, two events that are related to amoeba virulence. Moreover, the effect of EhPKMT2 knockdown on those activities and on cell growth, migration and cytopathic effect was investigated. The results indicate that this enzyme participates in all these cellular events, suggesting that it could be a potential target for development of novel therapeutic strategies against amebiasis.
Application of Convergent Science and Technology toward Ocular Disease Treatment
Authors: Bal-Öztürk Ayça , Özcan-Bülbül Ece , Gültekin Hazal Ezgi , Cecen Berivan , Demir Ebru , Zarepour Atefeh , Cetinel Sibel , Zarrabi Ali
Published: March 2023

Eyes are one of the main critical organs of the body that provide our brain with the most information about the surrounding environment. Disturbance in the activity of this informational organ, resulting from different ocular diseases, could affect the quality of life, so finding appropriate methods for treating ocular disease has attracted lots of attention. This is especially due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional therapeutic method to deliver drugs into the interior parts of the eye, and the also presence of barriers such as tear film, blood-ocular, and blood-retina barriers. Recently, some novel techniques, such as different types of contact lenses, micro and nanoneedles and in situ gels, have been introduced which can overcome the previously mentioned barriers. These novel techniques could enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic components inside the eyes, deliver them to the posterior side of the eyes, release them in a controlled manner, and reduce the side effects of previous methods (such as eye drops). Accordingly, this review paper aims to summarize some of the evidence on the effectiveness of these new techniques for treating ocular disease, their preclinical and clinical progression, current limitations, and future perspectives.
Novel 68Ga-Labeled Pyridine-Based Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Tracers with High Tumor-to-Background Contrast
Authors: Verena Arsyangela , Kuo Hsiou-Ting , Merkens Helen , Zeisler Jutta , Bendre Shreya , Wong Antonio A. W. L. , Bénard François , Lin Kuo-Shyan
Published: March 2023

Compared to quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted radiotracers, pyridine-based FAP-targeted tracers are expected to have faster pharmacokinetics due to their smaller molecular size and higher hydrophilicity, which we hypothesize would improve the tumor-to-background image contrast. We aim to develop 68Ga-labeled pyridine-based FAP-targeted tracers for cancer imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), and compare their imaging potential with the clinically validated [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. Two DOTA-conjugated pyridine-based AV02053 and AV02070 were synthesized through multi-step organic synthesis. IC50(FAP) values of Ga-AV02053 and Ga-AV02070 were determined by an enzymatic assay to be 187 ± 52.0 and 17.1 ± 4.60 nM, respectively. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in HEK293T:hFAP tumor-bearing mice at 1 h post-injection. The HEK293T:hFAP tumor xenografts were clearly visualized with good contrast on PET images by [68Ga]Ga-AV02053 and [68Ga]Ga-AV02070, and both tracers were excreted mainly through the renal pathway. The tumor uptake values of [68Ga]Ga-AV02070 (7.93 ± 1.88%ID/g) and [68Ga]Ga-AV02053 (5.6 ± 1.12%ID/g) were lower than that of previously reported [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (12.5 ± 2.00%ID/g). However, both [68Ga]Ga-AV02070 and [68Ga]Ga-AV02053 showed higher tumor-to-background (blood, muscle, and bone) uptake ratios than [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. Our data suggests that pyridine-based pharmacophores are promising for the design of FAP-targeted tracers. Future optimization on the selection of a linker will be explored to increase tumor uptake while maintaining or even further improving the high tumor-to-background contrast.
Spiroleiferthione A and Oleiferthione A: Two Unusual Isothiocyanate-Derived Thioketone Alkaloids from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds
Authors: Jiang Yueping , Liu Rong , Huang Ling , Huang Qi , Liu Min , Liu Shao , Li Jing
Published: March 2023

Spiroleiferthione A (1), with a 2-thiohydantoin a heterocyclic spiro skeleton, and oleiferthione A (2), an imidazole-2-thione derivative, were isolated from the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds. The unprecedented structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction, and gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR calculation, as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be (5R,7R,8S)-8-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-7-methyl-2-thioxo-6-oxa-1, 3-diazaspiro [4.4] nonan-4-one, and 1-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione, respectively. Biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 have been proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 are considered to have originated from isothiocyanate and then undergone a series of oxidation and cyclization reactions to form 1 and 2. Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated weak inhibition rates of NO production, 42.81 ± 1.56% and 33.53 ± 2.34%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM. Additionally, Spiroleiferthione A demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against high glucose-induced human renal mesangial cell proliferation in a dosage-dependent manner. A wider range of biological activities, and the diabetic nephropathy protective activity of Compound 1 in vivo and its mechanism of action, need further investigation after the sufficient enrichment of Compound 1 or total synthesis.
Cyclocreatine Phosphate: A Novel Bioenergetic/Anti-Inflammatory Drug That Resuscitates Poorly Functioning Hearts and Protects against Development of Heart Failure
Authors: Elgebaly Salwa A. , Van Buren Charles , Todd Robert , Poston Robert , Arafa Reem K. , El-Khazragy Nashwa , Kreutzer Donald , Rabie Mostafa A. , Mohamed Ahmed F. , Ahmed Lamiaa A. , El Sayed Nesrine S.
Published: March 2023

Irreversible myocardial injury causes the exhaustion of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contributing to heart failure (HF). Cyclocreatine phosphate (CCrP) was shown to preserve myocardial ATP during ischemia and maintain cardiac function in various animal models of ischemia/reperfusion. We tested whether CCrP administered prophylactically/therapeutically prevents HF secondary to ischemic injury in an isoproterenol (ISO) rat model. Thirty-nine rats were allocated into five groups: control/saline, control/CCrP, ISO/saline (85 and 170 mg/kg/day s.c. for 2 consecutive days), and ISO/CCrP (0.8 g/kg/day i.p.) either administrated 24 h or 1 h before ISO administration (prophylactic regimen) or 1 h after the last ISO injection (therapeutic regimen) and then daily for 2 weeks. CCrP protected against ISO-induced CK-MB elevation and ECG/ST changes when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. CCrP administered prophylactically decreased heart weight, hs-TnI, TNF-α, TGF-β, and caspase-3, as well as increased EF%, eNOS, and connexin-43, and maintained physical activity. Histology indicated a marked decrease in cardiac remodeling (fibrin and collagen deposition) in the ISO/CCrP rats. Similarly, therapeutically administered CCrP showed normal EF% and physical activity, as well as normal serum levels of hs-TnI and BNP. In conclusion, the bioenergetic/anti-inflammatory CCrP is a promising safe drug against myocardial ischemic sequelae, including HF, promoting its clinical application to salvage poorly functioning hearts.
Catheters with Dual-Antimicrobial Properties by Gamma Radiation-Induced Grafting
Authors: Duarte-Peña Lorena , Magaña Héctor , Bucio Emilio
Published: March 2023

Dual antimicrobial materials that have a combination of antimicrobial and antifouling properties were developed. They were developed through modification using gamma radiation of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) catheters with 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) and subsequent functionalization with 1,3-propane sultone (PS). These materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, swelling tests, and contact angle to determine their surface characteristics. In addition, the capacity of the materials to deliver ciprofloxacin, inhibit bacterial growth, decrease bacterial and protein adhesion, and stimulate cell growth were evaluated. These materials have potential applications in the manufacturing of medical devices with antimicrobial properties, which can reinforce prophylactic potential or even help treat infections, through localized delivery systems for antibiotics.
A Comparative Study of Cancer Cells Susceptibility to Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Electron Beam
Authors: Plotnikov Evgenii V. , Tretayakova Maria S. , Garibo-Ruíz Diana , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana G. , Pestryakov Alexey N. , Toledano-Magaña Yanis , Bogdanchikova Nina
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a wide range of bioactivity, which is highly dependent on particle size, shape, stabilizer, and production method. Here, we present the results of studies of AgNPs cytotoxic properties obtained by irradiation treatment of silver nitrate solution and various stabilizers by accelerating electron beam in a liquid medium. Methods: The results of studies of morphological characteristics of silver nanoparticles were obtained by transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements. MTT test, alamar blue test, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy were used to study the anti-cancer properties. As biological objects for standard tests, adhesive and suspension cell cultures of normal and tumor origin, including prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and leukemia, were studied. Results: The results showed that the silver nanoparticles obtained by irradiation with polyvinylpyrrolidone and collagen hydrolysate are stable in solutions. Samples with different stabilizers were characterized by a wide average size distribution from 2 to 50 nm and low zeta potential from −7.3 to +12.4 mV. All AgNPs formulations showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. It has been established that the particles obtained with the combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone/collagen hydrolysate have a relatively more pronounced cytotoxic effect in comparison to samples stabilized with only collagen or only polyvinylpyrrolidone. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for nanoparticles were less than 1 μg/mL for various types of tumor cells. It was found that neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) is the most susceptible, and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) is the most resistant to the action of silver nanoparticles. The activity of the AgNPs formulation prepared with a mixture of PVP and PH studied in this work was higher that activity of other AgNPs formulations reported in the literature by about 50 times. Conclusions: The results indicate that the AgNPs formulations synthesized with an electron beam and stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone and protein hydrolysate deserve deep study for their further use in selective cancer treatment without harming healthy cells in the patient organism.