bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pipeline for Deep Learning with Specimen Images in iDigBio - Applying and Generalizing an Examination of Mercury Use in Preparing Herbarium Specimens
Authors: Collins Matthew , Yeole Gaurav , Frandsen Paul , Dikow Rebecca , Orli Sylvia , Figueiredo Renato
Published: July 2018

iDigBio Matsunaga et al. 2013 currently references over 22 million media files, and stores approximately 120 terabytes worth of those media files co-located with our compute infrastructure. Using these images for scientific research is a logistical and technical challenge. Transferring large numbers of images requires programming skill, bandwidth, and storage space. While simple image transformations such as resizing and generating histograms are approachable on desktops and laptops, the neural networks commonly used for learning from images require server-based graphical processing units (GPUs) to run effectively.

Using the GUODA (Global Unified Open Data Access) infrastructure, we have built a model pipeline for applying user-defined processing to any subset of the images stored in iDigBio. This pipeline is run on servers located in the Advanced Computing and Information Systems lab (ACIS) alongside the iDigBio storage system. We use Apache Spark, the Hadoop File System (HDFS), and Mesos to perform the processing. We have placed a Jupyter notebook server in front of this architecture which provides an easy environment with deep learning libraries for Python already loaded for end users to write their own models. Users can access the stored data and images and manipulate them according to their requirements and make their work publicly available on GitHub.

As an example of how this pipeline can be used in research, we applied a neural network developed at the Smithsonian Institution to identify herbarium sheets that were prepared with hazardous mercury containing solutions Schuettpelz et al. 2017. The model was trained with Smithsonian resources on their images and transferred to the GUODA infrastructure hosted at ACIS which also houses iDigBio. We then applied this model to additional images in iDigBio to classify them to illustrate the application of these techniques to broad image corpora potentially to notify other data publishers of contamination. We present the results of this classification not as a verified research result, but as an example of the collaborative and scalable workflows this pipeline and infrastructure enable.
Best practices for connecting genetic records with specimen data
Authors: Trizna Michael
Published: July 2018

As rapid advances in sequencing technology result in more branches of the tree of life being illuminated, there has actually been a decrease in the percentage of sequence records that are backed by voucher specimens Trizna 2018b. The good news is that there are tools Trizna (2017), NCBI (2005), Biocode LLC (2014) to enable well-databased museum vouchers to automatically validate and format specimen and collection metadata for high quality sequence records. Another problem is that there are millions of existing sequence records that are known to contain either incorrect or incomplete specimen data. I will show an end-to-end example of sequencing specimens from a museum, depositing their sequence records in NCBI's (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank database, and then providing updates to GenBank as the museum database revises identifications. I will also talk about linking records from specimen databases as well. Over one million records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Trizna (2018a) contain a value in the Darwin Core term "associatedSequences", and I will examine what is currently contained in these entries, and how best to format them to ensure that a tight connection is made to sequence records.
Les Centres de planification et d’éducation familiale : cinquante ans d’évolution, de la contraception des mères à la santé sexuelle des jeunes
Authors: Ledour Valérie
Published: July 2018

Depuis cinquante ans, les Centres de planification et d’éducation familiale ( cpef ) offrent des services diversifiés en santé sexuelle à la croisée des champs sanitaire, éducatif et social, les jeunes constituent 30 à 50 % de leurs usagers. Les cpef contribuent à la réduction des risques liés à la sexualité (grossesses non désirées et infections sexuellement transmissibles) à l’adolescence. Leur avenir est pourtant incertain.
Difficultés de comportement à l’école : des dispositifs de prévention
Authors: Faure-Fillastre Odile
Published: July 2018

Un nombre croissant d’enfants présentent des difficultés de comportement importantes en milieu scolaire. Il faut observer, analyser, comprendre pour agir ensemble en coopération avec les parents. Des professeurs ressources peuvent accompagner les équipes pédagogiques. Au-delà des adaptations qui peuvent être mises en place dans les écoles, l’académie de Paris en lien avec les partenaires de soins du territoire a mis en oeuvre des dispositifs innovants de prévention et de prise en charge précoce qui sont présentés dans cet article : le dispositif R’école et la Maison des cinq sens.
L’association Sésame rencontre les jeunes en milieu scolaire dans le cadre de l’éducation affective relationnelle et sexuelle ( ears )
Authors: Rougier Philippe
Published: July 2018

Cet article présente les actions de l’association laïque et apolitique Sésame, créée en 1966, agréée par le ministère de l’Éducation nationale pour l’éducation affective, relationnelle et sexuelle ( ears ). Elle intervient dans les collèges et lycées pour faire réfléchir les jeunes âgés de 11 à 17 ans sur l’ ears . Les intervenants, formés pour le faire, les écoutent et répondent avec eux à leurs questions sur les thèmes de l’amitié, l’amour et la sexualité. En particulier, ils les aident à découvrir la richesse de l’amitié vraie et de la rencontre amoureuse. En 2016-2017, Sésame est intervenue dans 150 établissements scolaires publics ou privés français et a assuré plus de 1 300 interventions. La méthode Sésame repose sur le recueil de questions anonymes posées deux semaines avant la rencontre par les élèves des classes visitées. À travers ces questions, les intervenants prennent connaissance des préoccupations des élèves au sujet de l’amour et de la sexualité et préparent leur intervention en conséquence. Durant ces cinquante dernières années, les questions ont beaucoup évolué parallèlement au paysage affectif et sexuel de la société qui a beaucoup changé.
Les premiers pas sur le chemin de l’existence
Authors: Fournier Sébastien
Published: July 2018

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les enjeux de l’apprentissage de la marche chez le bébé. Loin d’être seulement une activité ludique permettant le mouvement, l’auteur tente de montrer comment le petit être s’inscrit, par l’intermédiaire de ses premiers déplacements, dans l’espace et le temps.
Du tam-tam des bébés à l’orchestre de chambre
Authors: Le Nestour Annick
Published: July 2018

L’auteur tente de décrire, dans une « version musicale », les prémices de l’accordage vocal intime mère/bébé, bébé/mère, puis le chant plus accordé avec le père. Ces échanges qui s’instituent précocement constitueront la trame du langage plus synchronisé des échanges vocaux. Plus tard, ils seront la base de la partition langagière humaine de l’enfant avec le monde des Autres.
Le cas Harpocrate : trajectoire d’un enfant autiste au sein d’un dispositif de médiation musicothérapique
Authors: Rabeyron Thomas , Dozsa Noémie , Carasco Emmanuelle , Bonnot Olivier
Published: July 2018

Les groupes à médiation musicothérapique sont fréquemment utilisés dans le cadre de la prise en charge des enfants autistes de par leur intérêt marqué pour l’objet sonore. Il convient alors de déterminer les caractéristiques spécifiques de cette médiation en tant que dispositif symbolisant référé à la théorie psychanalytique. Dans cette perspective, nous proposons dans ce travail de suivre pas à pas la trajectoire thérapeutique et l’évolution d’un enfant autiste, Harpocrate, au sein d’un dispositif de ce type durant une année. Il apparaît ainsi que les fonctions maternelle et paternelle sont complémentaires dans l’étayage du processus de symbolisation qui se déploie progressivement dans la rencontre avec le médium sonore et l’intersubjectivité. La trajectoire mise en scène par cet enfant aide alors à mieux saisir les facteurs symboligènes de la médiation sonore, lui permettant d’explorer son expérience interne, le conduisant progressivement à son entrée dans le langage.
Influence de la force de la cohésion sur l’expression des facteurs thérapeutiques dans les traitements de groupe offerts à une clientèle dépendante
Authors: Légaré Andrée-Anne , Giroux Isabelle , Ferland Francine
Published: July 2018

Cette étude vise à documenter les facteurs thérapeutiques présents dans le discours de joueurs et de toxicomanes ayant pris part à une thérapie de groupe dans un centre de traitement de la dépendance selon la force de la cohésion perçue. L’étude documente également la manière dont les facteurs thérapeutiques sont perçus et s’expriment chez cette clientèle dépendante. À cette fin, une analyse qualitative est réalisée sur les transcriptions d’entrevues de 15 participants répartis en deux catégories selon leur score à une évaluation de la cohésion du groupe, à savoir les catégories Forte et Faible cohésion. L’analyse qualitative des entrevues a permis de relever huit facteurs thérapeutiques dans le discours des participants. L’universalité, l’espoir et la compréhension de soi sont identifiés dans le discours des participants, peu importe le niveau de cohésion. L’analyse du discours des participants de la catégorie Forte cohésion révèle d’autres facteurs thérapeutiques non invoqués par les autres participants, soit : le partage d’information, l’altruisme, l’apprentissage interpersonnel, le développement d’habiletés sociales et la catharsis. Ainsi, une forte cohésion semble associée à une plus grande variété de facteurs thérapeutiques. Les résultats de la présente étude réitèrent l’importance d’une forte cohésion pour le développement des facteurs thérapeutiques en groupe et incidemment le rétablissement des membres.
Une méthode simple de relaxation : la répétition passive
Authors: Larroque Michel
Published: July 2018

Les deux méthodes classiques de relaxation, le training autogène et la méthode de Jacobson, peuvent présenter des difficultés d’apprentissage. La répétition passive d’un mantra ouvre à tous un accès plus facile à la détente. Elle reprend, sans faire appel à l’hétérosuggestion, le processus générateur de l’hypnose. Ce procédé s’est d’abord incarné dans les diverses formes de prière ; mais on le retrouve aussi en dehors de la vie religieuse comme dans la méthode Coué ou la méditation transcendantale.
Enabling Advance Directive Completion: Feasibility of a New Nurse-Supported Advance Care Planning Intervention
Authors: Hilgeman Michelle M. , Uphold Constance R. , Collins Amber N. , Davis Lori L. , Olsen Douglas P. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Gordon Classie A. , Coleman Tranace N. , DeCoster Jamie , Gay Whitney , Allen Rebecca S.
Published: July 2018

Adults who complete an advance directive (AD) are not consistently offered information about the risks, benefits, or alternatives (RBA) of the life-sustaining medical procedures addressed on standardized forms. The current article describes a new patient-centered nurse-supported advance care planning (NSACP) intervention focused on providing information about RBA of life-sustaining procedures. Fifty participants (mean age = 50.26 years) at a Veterans Affairs medical center were randomized to the NSACP intervention or a comparison condition. Before randomization, 78% (
n
= 39) expressed interest in RBA information. Of participants in the NSACP group, 94% (
n
= 30) completed an AD. Participants who received NSACP made more decisions to decline life-sustaining treatment than those who were randomized to the comparison group. Promising feasibility data include brevity (mean = 46 minutes), high patient satisfaction, participant retention, and treatment fidelity. The NSACP holds promise as a brief, educational intervention to support patients in completing an AD. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(7), 31–42.]
Photovoice: A Research Method and Intervention to Engage Older Adults
Authors: Woda Aimee , Haglund Kristin , Belknap RuthAnn , Cleek Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the current article is to describe the use of photovoice with individuals from vulnerable population groups. Ten African American men and women ages 66 to 72 with heart failure from three different low income public housing facilities were recruited for participation in a qualitative photovoice project. Participants were given 5 weeks to take photographs of images that represented facilitators of and barriers to engaging in self-care behaviors. Each week, participants met as a group to discuss the photographs and their meanings to other participants. The photovoice method was empowering to participants, easy to use, and shown to be appropriate within African American older adults with heart failure. The photovoice method assisted in providing the opportunity for this vulnerable population to share their personal beliefs and perspectives. Use of this method assisted in identification of themes that represented facilitators of and barriers to engaging in self-care and was effective in meeting the specific aims of the research project. Findings from the current study support photovoice as a valuable method to use with vulnerable individuals with chronic conditions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(7), 43–49.]
Association of Comorbid Burden and Patient Outcomes of Residents With Dementia in Jordanian Nursing Homes
Authors: Rababa Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Medical and psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with dementia is often associated with serious adverse health outcomes. Using a convenience sample of 76 residents with dementia in Jordanian nursing homes, the current study aimed to examine the relationship among comorbid burden, ability to verbally self-report symptoms, severity of dementia, and patient outcomes of pain and agitation. Comorbid burden and ability to verbally self-report symptoms were found to be significant predictors of patient outcomes of pain and agitation. However, the ability to verbally self-report symptoms did not explain the relationship between comorbid burden and patient outcomes. Nurses must understand the impact of comorbid burden and the ability to verbally self-report symptoms regarding pain and agitation in individuals with dementia. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(7), 50–58.]
El oro como elemento de prestigio social en Época Ibérica
Authors: Chapa Brunet Teresa , Pereira Sieso Juan
Published: July 2018

Tradicionalmente se ha considerado que la aristocracia ibérica depositaba en las tumbas sus materiales más preciados como prueba de categoría social. Sin embargo, el oro está básicamente ausente de estos contextos. Este trabajo propone considerar el oro como un metal del máximo valor práctico, y por tanto no amortizable en las tumbas, sino objeto prioritario de la transición por herencia del poder y la propiedad.
Roman surgical and medical instruments from La Cañada Honda (Gandul)
Authors: Hibbs Vivian A
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta el catálogo de un conjunto significativo de instrumentos romanos médico-quirúrgicos procedentes de la necrópolis de La Cañada Honda (Gandul, Sevilla) excavada por Jorge E. Bonsor entre 1908 y 1910 y que se conservan ahora en la Hispanic Society of America. La variedad de tipos de instrumentos es un indicio de que se practicó una medicina adecuada en la zona durante la segunda mitad del siglo I y primera mitad del siglo II de nuestra era.
Fortificaciones campamentales de época romana en España
Authors: Morillo Cerdán Ángel
Published: July 2018

Las publicaciones sobre campamentos militares de época romana en España resultan escasas y, en su mayoría, antiguas. Carecemos de obras de conjunto referentes a los elementos defensivos construidos en dichos recintos. En este trabajo he tratado de analizar de forma crítica, y desde una perspectiva histórica y arqueológica, la bibliografía existente. Es posible extraer unas mínimas conclusiones acerca de las fortificaciones castrenses romanas en España, que no siempre coinciden con las observaciones realizadas en yacimientos nordeuropeos.
Cerámica ática del poblado ibérico de la Loma del Escorial (Los Nietos, Cartagena)
Authors: García Cano Carlos , García Cano José Miguel
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo da a conocer un importante lote de cráteras de campana áticas de la primera mitad del siglo IV a. C., halladas en una misma habitación del poblado ibérico de La Loma del Escorial, lo que pone de manifiesto la importancia de este enclave como centro redistribuidor de cerámica de lujo entre las poblaciones indígenas del sureste español.
El trazado vitruviano como mecanismo abierto de implantación y ampliación de los teatros romanos
Authors: Lara Salvador
Published: July 2018

En base a su trabajo monográfico sobre el teatro de Sagunto, el autor identifica, por el análisis directo de las obras de fábrica, diferentes fases constructivas que suponen ampliaciones sucesivas de una primera implantación romana del teatro. Relacionándolas por medio de su correspondencia con el tipo definido por Vitruvio, se descubre el sistema que utilizaron los constructores romanos para ampliar el edificio teatral saguntino que había, ya previamente, obtenido una primera implantación basada en un trazado vitruviano ortodoxo. Desde esta perspectiva se contemplan los tres tipos de teatros romanos propuestos por D. Small en su artículo de AJA de enero de 1983 como tres estadios de la evolución del mismo tipo teatral y el trazado de F. Sear aparecido en esta misma publicación en abril de 1990 como un caso particular del sistema general que se propone aquí como regulador de la evolución de las estructuras teatrales romanas. La hipótesis que se presenta a continuación, como propone una metodología generalizable para el estudio de los teatros romanos, se comprueba en aquellos de Hispania de los que se dispone de planimetría fiable (Acinipo, Itálica y Segóbriga ... ) identificando la validez de su planteamiento.
Joseph II Cellony (1730-1786) : l’Académie contre l’oubli
Authors: Rimaud Yohan
Published: July 2018

La récente exposition du musée de Marseille a mis en évidence le rôle central de l’Académie dans la formation et la carrière des artistes, parfois au point d’en constituer la seule trace subsistante. C’est le cas de Joseph II Cellony (1730-1786), fils et petit-fils de portraitistes aixois, qui renonça à une carrière officielle après avoir échoué à se faire reconnaître en tant que peintre d’histoire. Ses peintures, non localisées, ne permettent hélas de se faire une idée de l’artiste ; il existe en revanche un groupe de dessins, la plupart à la plume, qui témoigne d’une main habile. Les deux sources que nous publions ici, la notice manuscrite rédigée par son frère Jean-Louis ainsi que les mentions des relations que Cellony entretint avec l’Académie de peinture et de sculpture de Marseille au début des années 1760, permettent de mieux comprendre la trajectoire de cet artiste gentilhomme ; à ces quelques points de repère biographiques, nous proposons de relier un premier corpus de dessins.
Entre Paris et Marseille
Authors: Beck Saiello Émilie
Published: July 2018

L’article revient sur le thème des relations de Joseph Vernet avec les cercles marseillais étudié dans le catalogue de l’exposition Marseille au xviiie siècle. Les années de l’Académie de peinture et de sculpture. 1753-1793 en présentant de nouvelles découvertes. Il s’interroge également sur les stratégies professionnelles du peintre et sur les liens complexes qui unissent l’artiste, l’institution phocéenne et l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.
Des fleurs d’indiennes aux roses de Lyon, la production des manufactures provençales et la peinture de fleurs enseignée dans les académies
Authors: Gril-Mariotte Aziza
Published: July 2018

Les indiennes évoquent des toiles de coton imprimées de motifs orientaux. Les échantillons conservés dans le Manuscrit de Richelieu montrent que les fabriques de toiles peintes marseillaises ont repris ce vocabulaire, entre la fin du xviie siècle et la première moitié du xviiie siècle, pendant la prohibition (1686-1759). La levée de la prohibition entraîne la délocalisation des manufactures dans le reste de la Provence, la plus célèbre est la manufacture d’Orange qui aurait employée des artistes formés dans les académies. Les rares étoffes conservées posent la question de leur rôle dans la création de motifs et le renouvellement artistique des toiles peintes. L’ouverture de l’Académie de peinture à Marseille en 1752 et de l’école de dessin à Lyon en 1756, a-t-elle contribuée à l’évolution stylistique des motifs ? À partir des sources, quelques étoffes conservées de la manufacture d’Orange comparées aux échantillons marseillais, nous donnerons plusieurs éléments de réponse.
The Aging Brain
Authors: Rajput Rashi , Kaur Ramneek , Chadha Rishika , Mani Shalini , Rachana R.  , Kaur Harleen , Singh Manisha
Published: July 2018

Neurodegeneration is the progressive and gradual dysfunction and loss of axons in the central nervous system. It is the main pathological characteristic of chronic and acute neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The usual aspects of pathogenesis of disease can be abridged with regards to the downstream implications of uncontrollable protein oligomerization and aggregation from postmitotic cells. The brain structure constantly changes in normal aging without any dysfunction accompanying the structural changes in brain. The decline in cognitive capabilities, for example, processing speed, memory, and functions related to decision making are the sign of healthy aging. The reduction in brain volume in healthy aging is possibly related to neuronal loss at some marginal extent. The following chapter discusses the structural and functional alterations in the brain in ageing and neurodegeneration.
Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Osafo Newman , Obiri David Darko , Danquah Kwabena Owusu , Yeboah Oduro Kofi , Antwi Aaron Opoku , Oppong Mahmood Brobbey
Published: July 2018

Neurons are the building units of the nervous system and are therefore critical units for the health of the brain and the spinal cord. This is necessitated by their inability to be either replaced or reproduced once lost. Their losses are implicated in a number of conditions which have been elaborated in this chapter. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in neurodegeneration through blockade of neuroprotection by a number of mechanisms including inhibitory effect on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) via stimulation of the transcription factor, Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). This chapter elaborates on these two phenomena which cannot be decoupled.
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Amin Mohamed M.
Published: July 2018

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by specific dysfunction and damage of neurons related to pathologically changed proteins that deposit in the patient brain but also in peripheral organs. These proteins can be used for therapy or used as biomarkers. Except for a plethora of alterations revealed for dissimilar neurodegeneration-related proteins, amyloid-β, prion protein, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43, transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa), tau and α-synuclein, or fused in sarcoma protein (FUS), molecular classification of NDs depend on the full morphological assessment of protein deposits, their spreading in the brain, and their correspondence to clinical signs with specific genetic modifications. The current chapter represents the etiology of neurodegeneration, classification of NDs, concentrating on the maximum applicable biochemical and anatomical characteristics and most imperative NDs.
Nanomembrane Applications in Environmental Engineering
Authors: Nosheen Sumaira
Published: July 2018

This chapter delivers an outline of the strategies and techniques that are used and developed for the fabrication of membrane techniques/methods for application in environmental engineering. Human activities are the cause of increased hazardous gases in atmosphere mainly in soil and water. Nanotechnology deals the ability to control matter at the nano-scale level. Materials prepared are in nano level and thus they will possess some special properties to deal with specific functions. One of the major aspects of nanotechnology is nanomembrane fabrication which is mainly employed for water purification plants. The chapter is specifically offers a full understanding of the technologies and laws used to synthesize membranes. The chapter also provides an introduction to techniques to characterize nanomembranes.
Nanomaterial Surface Modifications for Enhancement of the Pollutant Adsorption From Wastewater
Authors: Sadegh Hamidreza , Ali Gomaa A. M. , Nia Hamid Jafari , Mahmoodi Zahra
Published: July 2018

With the development of dyeing, textile, leather, paper, and other chemical industries, an increasing amount of dye wastewater containing refractory organic dyes is discharged. Undoubtedly, much high content dye wastewater will lead to serious environmental issues such as color pollution, light penetration interference, and virulence to aquatic organisms, even endanger human health. Therefore, it is an imminent problem and has become a global concern to degrade dye wastewater efficiently. So far, many techniques have been used to degrade dyeing wastewater, such as chemical degradation, biological degradation, photochemical degradation, coagulation, membrane filtration, and combined methods. These methods have certain impacts on the degradation of dye wastewater, but usually with slow degradation rate, complex and high operation costs, as well as easily causing secondary pollution. The adsorption process is a simple, effective, and low-cost way to remove dyes.
Recent Progresses in Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) for Clean and Environmentally Friendly Applications
Authors: Pandey Jay
Published: July 2018

Fuel cell has become an emerging renewable energy device with potential to meet energy demand by portable and transport applications with zero-emission, easy operation, and compact design. The chapter provides an insight into design and development of membranes for PEMFCs and recent progresses made in membranes so far. Although majority of research has focused on fluorinated and non-fluorinated membranes, these polymeric membranes have showed deteriorated properties at elevated temperature (>80oC) and lower relative humidity (30%). Considering the major issues with polymeric membranes, the authors have reviewed inorganic-organic nanocomposite membranes showing improved physical and electrochemical properties at elevated temperature and lower relative humidity. Recently, metal-organic framework (MOF), a novel and unique material, has attracted tremendous attention due to their enhanced proton conductivity, easy functionality, and stability. MOFs have also exhibited excellent compatibility with different polymeric materials that are also discussed in this chapter.
Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment
Authors: Aris Azmi , Jusoh Muhammad Noor Hazwan , Wahab Nurul Shakila Ahmad Abdul
Published: July 2018

This chapter presents a review on limited studies that have been conducted using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in treating biologically treated palm oil mill effluent. Palm oil mill effluent is the byproducts of palm oil production that is normally treated using a series of biological processes. However, despite being treated for a long period of retention time, the effluent still possesses high concentration of organics, nutrients, and highly colored, and will pollute the environment if not treated further. Advanced oxidation processes that utilized hydroxyl radicals as their oxidizing agents have the potential of further treating the biologically treated POME. Fenton oxidation, photocatalysis, and cavitation are the main AOPs that have been studied in polishing the biologically treated POME. Depending on the experimental conditions, the removal of organics, in terms of COD, TOC, and color, could reach up to more than 90%. Nevertheless, each of this process has its own limitations and further studies are needed to overcome these limitations.
Ozonation With Catalyst in Landfill Leachate Treatment
Authors: Zakaria Siti Nor Farhana
Published: July 2018

Landfill leachate is a hazardous pollutant generated from a landfill site. Discharge of landfill leachate has caused a major contamination to the environment and detrimental to human health. This chapter introduces an alternative method to treat recalcitrant pollutant in leachate by using ozonation with catalyst. The production of hydroxyl radical in ozonation was not enough to oxidize complex molecular structure in the leachate. Theoretically, the addition of catalyst enhances the capacity of radical and accelerates the chemical reaction. The effectiveness of ozonation with Fenton (O3/Fenton), hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), and zirconium tetrachloride (O3/ZrCl4) in removing pollutant such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and improvement of biodegradability by using this process were also discussed in this chapter. Comparison in term of treatment cost and benefits of the application of chemical as catalyst are briefly elaborated at the end of this chapter.
Decision Making
Authors: López-Cabrales Alvaro , Bornay-Barrachina Mar
Published: July 2018

Decisions are choices. Decision making is the essence of management. Managers make decisions every day and the practical implications of such decisions are key to the success of the company. After reading this chapter, managers, or those who are preparing to be managers, should be better able to do the following: (1) understand the extent to which such organizational characteristics as structure or technology affect decision making, (2) see why the complexity of task environments determines the decisions being made by managers, (3) define and manage certain strategic organizational capabilities such as learning or absorptive capacity, (4) think about cognitive and non-cognitive human capital characteristics that play a role in decision making, and (5) be aware of the impact of culture on decision-making processes. Understanding these aspects will help you develop a deeper understanding of the role and importance of decision making, not only in the domestic market but also internationally.
International Human Resource Management
Authors: Bornay-Barrachina Mar
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, internationalization is key for the survival of firms. Internationalization of a firm involves an internationalization of all the functional areas of the firm, of which international human resource management (IHRM) is one of the most relevant. In an international context, managers should make decisions about what human resource practices are best suited to the firm's international operations. Being aware of the differences between domestic and international human resource management will help readers and managers to establish operational mechanisms to deal with country differences in terms of industrial labor, culture, and firm practices. Therefore, after reading this chapter, readers should be able to deal with aspects like adaptation or standardization of HR practices, international staffing, and relevant issues around expatriation and repatriation.
Understanding Industrial Relations in a Comparative Context
Authors: Lavelle Jonathan
Published: July 2018

This chapter focuses on the industrial relations (IR) challenges that organizations face when they internationalize and locate in a foreign country. The purpose of the chapter is to outline the key IR issues of concern for international organizations and to provide a brief profile of these issues across a select number of countries. International organizations are faced with a whole range of IR challenges in relation to trade unions and collective bargaining and these challenges vary across countries. Understanding the nature of these challenges and how they may differ across countries is hugely important for international organizations as they look to successful invest in a foreign country.
Women, War, and Conflict
Authors: Idoko Festus O.
Published: July 2018

Conflict and war are not unique to Nigeria or Africa. It is now a truism that in conflict situations women are one of the worst hit. The reason is not farfetched: women are in conflict areas, and they are likely to be raped, kidnapped, killed, and or end up as widows/concubines. Although women are seldom directly involved in conflict situations, they serve as the first line of aid, providing what can best be described as succor to the casualties of conflicts as well as maintain the home front in the incessant absence of the male and youths. Predicated on critical feminist theory and the relational theory of conflict, the chapter from a thematic view discusses the plight of women in conflict situations both within the text and the context that is Nigeria. Using Femi Osofisan's “Women of Owu” (2006), an adaptation of Euripedes' “The Trojan Women,” the chapter argues that the manner in which Osofisan dramatizes the story of the African woman trapped in conflict and war is both sympathetic and resilient, yet a gruesome reminder of the position women find themselves in in conflict situations.
Trado-Modern Religious Ideology Conflict in Nigerian Films
Authors: Okpodu Jovi Chris
Published: July 2018

The concept of traditional religion in the twenty-first century is that which seeks regurgitation. This is so because traditional religion and its values and beliefs are constantly being challenged in the face of Western religion and its values. This chapter is on the contemporary Nigerian movie Scorpion God as directed by Nonso Okonkwo, and its interpretation and presentation of concepts relating to Nigeria's traditional religion. This study takes a look at traditional religion, the patterns, symbols, and values that have remained relevant till date. It examines the theories and ideologies influencing these ways of life in order to correct the errors presented in this Nigerian film. The study reveals that traditional religion as reflected by Nigerian films is a misinterpretation and misrepresentation, and the findings suggest an urgent need for education in order to correct this error in the evaluation to traditional religion and its place in the socio-cultural life of Nigeria.
Who's Represented in Canadian Teaching and Learning Centres?
Authors: Gabay Danielle
Published: July 2018

As teaching and learning centres within Canadian universities have rapidly evolved and expanded over the last few decades, various aspects of these institutes have been researched and described, such as the history of the centres, the work of staff members, and the function and offerings they provide. However, information has not been gathered with regards to the diversity of social identities of those personnel (i.e., faculty, staff, students) working within Canada's teaching and learning support centres, nor has data been collected on a large scale with regards to personnel's conceptions of diversity. This chapter explores perceptions and experiences of diversity within these centres. The findings reveal a need for more diversity awareness, leadership intervention, and critical thought surrounding the concepts and practices of diversity in Canadian teaching and learning centres.
Workforce Diversity in Volunteerism and the Peace Corps
Authors: Joshua-Gojer Ashwini Esther , Allen Jeff M. , Huang Tai-Yi
Published: July 2018

This chapter will discuss the subject of workforce diversity as it directly relates to volunteerism, using the Peace Corps as an example. The aim of the chapter is to illustrate how nonprofit institutions can draw upon the value of workforce diversity in order to obtain competitive advantages. The Peace Corps' three-fold mission includes helping the people of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women, helping promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the people served and helping promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans (Peace Corps, 2011a). This chapter will specifically discuss how the Peace Corps incorporate diversity in their volunteer program. “The agency has always reflected the diversity of America and is actively recruiting the next generation of Peace Corps Volunteers” (Peace Corps, 2011b). In addition, it will make a case for diversity in nonprofits and will provide guidance on how to build diversity.
Women's Representation in Selected Ethiopian Electronic Media and Its Implication for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hagos Wubalem Arefaine
Published: July 2018

There are many dynamics for women misrepresentations in Ethiopian electronic media. This chapter contributes to exploring how Ethiopian electronic media report and present women's issues. The chapter focuses on selected broadcast media mainly on three FMs in Addis Ababa predominantly on their news pieces and women's program. Accordingly, media gave much emphasis to the categories under which women are mostly depicted as victim, dependent, involved in small-scale activity, etc. Thus, women are not portrayed in a way that shows their diverse contributions to the society and also the media portrayed the image of women in a more stereotypical way. Therefore, despite women's vital and multiple roles to play in achieving sustainable development, the fact of their issues and concerns being not properly presented and covered adequately brought a great repercussion on gender equality and this reflects the unsustainability patterns of development which intensify gender inequalities.
Creating Spaces for Critical Literacy for Bilingual Learners
Authors: Kim So Jung
Published: July 2018

With heightened emphasis on critical literacy pedagogies, attention to critical literacy for young children (CLYC) has rapidly increased. Yet, there is a paucity of studies examining CLYC in bilingual settings, particularly in Pre-K contexts. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, the current study examined how early critical literacy can be implemented as a medium to help young bilinguals critique texts and develop critical perspectives about race and gender. The study was conducted in a kindergarten classroom at the Korean Language School in a Midwestern city in the US. The data were collected over a semester using multiple collection sources including audio/video recordings, observational field notes, interviews, and children's artifacts. Findings suggest the potential of early critical literacy practices in bilingual contexts to open critical conversations about race and gender with young children. The study also provides teachers with tips on how to create supportive literary environments for young bilingual children.
Gender Differences in the Use of Asynchronous Discussion Forums and Quizzes for Promoting Critical Thinking Dispositions
Authors: Mwalongo Alcuin Ivor
Published: July 2018

This study examined female and male students' perceptions of the use of asynchronous discussion forums and quizzes to promote critical thinking dispositions. Research suggests that there are differences between female and male students in terms of learning in online environments. However, studies that focus on these differences, especially in promoting critical thinking dispositions, are limited. To this end, this chapter explores gender differences in the use of the discussion forums and quizzes to promote critical thinking dispositions. A mixed methods research approach was used. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently through a questionnaire. Findings indicate that female students had higher critical thinking dispositions related to open-mindedness and inquisitiveness than male students. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male students in the other critical thinking dispositions. Implications for pedagogical practices have been discussed. Further research can involve a larger sample from different sociocultural settings.
Invariant Model Combining Geometry and Appearance for Facial Detection and Gender Classification From Arbitrary Viewpoints
Authors: Taffar Mokhtar , Miguet Serge
Published: July 2018

In this chapter, we tackle in the same process the problems of face detection and gender classification, where the faces present a wide range of the intra-class appearance are taken from arbitrary viewpoints. We try to develop complete probabilistic model to represent and learn appearance of facial objects in both shape and geometry with respect to a landmark in the image, and then to be able to predict presence and position of the appearance of the studied object class in new scene. After have predicted the facial appearance and the geometry of invariants, geometric hierarchical clustering combines different prediction of positions of face invariant. Then, the algorithm of cluster selection with a best appearance localizes faces in the image. Using a probabilistic classification, each facial feature retained in the detection step will be weighted by a probability to be male or female. This set of features contributes to determine the gender associated to a detected face. This model has a good performance in presence of viewpoint changes and a large appearance variability of faces.
Getting “Girly” Online
Authors: Almjeld Jen
Published: July 2018

While MOOCs and other fully online educational spaces and tools continue to proliferate at institutions of higher education, some worry over a persistent gender gap in online learning (Paul, 2014; Straumsheim, 2013). As debate continues regarding the existence of a digital gender divide, the perception of the gap may be enough to give female learners the idea that digital learning spaces are not for them. Females particularly may be silenced in MOOCs and other online spaces not by instructors or fellow learners, but by cultural expectations. I offer here reflections on two fully online girlhood studies courses interrogating notions of gender performance, norms, and scripts as successful models for positioning gender disparity as a teaching tool rather than a barrier to learning. The piece ends with six recommendations—most rooted in feminist pedagogy—for making MOOCs more welcoming to all genders and learners.
Womenpreneurs in MENA Region
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: July 2018

MENA region stands at a critical point in its journey of development. The region is characterized by one of the largest and energetic youth population. MENA region needs to address the employment needs of this young population in order become stable, knowledge-based economic region. Female constitute a very significant proportion of total youth population with a very low presentation in the work force. Women entrepreneurship is considered vital to address this disparity. Increased women entrepreneurial activities will not only spur job growth for female but also beneficial for society as a whole. This article explores the entrepreneurial ecosystem of MENA region. The article discusses women entrepreneurship, various challenges and provides specific recommendations to boost female entrepreneurial activities in MENA region.
Can Therapeutic Jurisprudence Improve the Rights of Female Prisoners?
Authors: Crewe Helen
Published: July 2018

Women offenders may suffer from numerous violations of basic rights within the prison system. They are vulnerable for sexual assaults including rape, molestation and sexual bullies. They may also lack basic medical and hygienic amenities. While international conventions and rules like United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders (Bangkok Rules, 2010) offers guidelines for protection of the rights of women prisoners, still there has been no research which explores the therapeutic jurisprudential values of such rules. This chapter suggests that the therapeutic jurisprudential approach of the domestic and international laws, conventions and guidelines must be understood by the practitioners, activists and other stakeholders who may in turn; make use of the therapeutic jurisprudential values to improve the condition of women prisoners.
Differences in Perceptions and Attitudes of Singaporean Female Football Fans Towards Football Marketing
Authors: Teo Darrel
Published: July 2018

Though global, it is known that female participation in football lags behind their male counterparts. Football marketers have highlighted this laggardness as a source of growth for the clubs. However, when it comes to female fans' perspectives towards marketing practices, little is understood. Therefore, this exploratory article has been conducted to analyse the differences in fans' perceptions and attitudes towards both traditional and social media marketing. The article shows that Singaporean female fans can be separated into ‘hot' (avid) and ‘cool' (casual) fans. These two groups exhibit both similarities and differences in perceptions and attitudes towards different parts of traditional and social media marketing. The findings reveal that social media is the preferred channel of football consumption even if its potential has not been tapped fully. For now, it is best to construe social media marketing as a platform which enhances traditional marketing.
Challenges of Iranian Women to Change the Gender Discriminatory Law
Authors: Parsa Fariba
Published: July 2018

This chapter tells a story of the work of Iranian women activists to change gender discriminatory laws. Iranian women created coalitions and mobilized thousands of women in a campaign called “One Million Signatures Campaign for Gender Equality”. Hundreds of women prisoned without being successful to change any law. This chapter seeks to explain the challenges for women and argue the lack of the clarity of their goal was one of the reason for not achieving any results. Iranian women activists were not certain how they should handle the religious law and principles that confront their vision for gender equality based on The UN conventions on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
Body Image and Wellbeing in Religious Male and Female Youth in Israel
Authors: Fisherman Shraga
Published: July 2018

In the current study described in this chapter, we examined the relationship between body image and well-being among religiously observant male and female youth from four age groups: 16, 17, 19, and 22. MANOVA analysis of age x gender produced a significant interaction regarding body image. Various trends were found among the two genders according to age group. Among the girls, there is a moderate rise in body image (BI) with age, whereas among the boys there is an obvious decline between 17 and 19, followed by an increase. The boys' BI scores were significantly higher than those of the girls aged 16, 17, and 19, but not for age 22. There were significant and positive correlations between BI and well-being for all age groups and both genders. There were high correlations among the girls relative to those among the boys.