bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of social phone programs on loneliness and mood in older adults: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Nelson Heather , Langman Erin , Hubbard Murdoch Natasha , Ziefflie Beverlee , Mayer Paula , Page Susan , Fuchs-Lacelle Shannon , Norton Deborah
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The objective of this mixed methods review is to examine the effectiveness and experience of social phone programs on loneliness and/or mood in community-dwelling older adults.

Introduction:

There is a large and growing older adult population that is burdened with loneliness. Loneliness affects both physical and mental health, and it is, therefore, imperative to examine ways of mitigating experiences of loneliness. Social phone programs are being offered through multiple organizations as a way of increasing socialization and decreasing loneliness in older adults. There is a need to examine existing data on social phone programs to determine their effectiveness and optimize their implementation.

Inclusion Criteria:

Included studies will be original qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods research, along with gray literature, examining the use of social phone programs to address loneliness and/or mood in older adults.

Methods:

A convergent segregated mixed methods approach will be used, in line with the JBI methodology for mixed methods reviews. Articles will be searched in selected databases, sources of clinical trials, and gray literature. No limits have been set for language or date of publication. Two team members will select studies through title and abstract screening and then full-text screening. Critical appraisal will be performed in accordance with the standard JBI critical assessment tools, although no articles will be excluded based on this appraisal. Quantitative articles will be synthesized using meta-analysis, while a process of meta-aggregation will be used for qualitative articles. The findings will be integrated into a final report.

Systematic review registration number:

CRD42022335119
Ethical challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Morley Georgina , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Kynoch Kathryn , Ramis Mary-Anne , Suhonen Riitta , Ventura Carla , Arries-Kleyenstuber Ebin
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The aim of this scoping review is to describe the literature reporting on ethical challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the contextual characteristics of ethical challenges, and the strategies to address these challenges.

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic presented many ethical challenges to nurses, ranging from allocating scarce resources, to balancing a duty of care with self-preservation, and implementing visitation restrictions. Internationally, there has been a range of reported issues, but few studies have described strategies to overcome these challenges.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies that report on ethical challenges faced by nurses while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic will be included. Studies that report on strategies to address these challenges will also be considered for inclusion.

Methods:

This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methods outlined by JBI and reported using PRISMA-ScR guidance. The following databases will be searched for eligible studies from November 2019 to present day: PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. No language restrictions will be applied. Studies will be reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers and a data extraction form developed specifically for this review will be used to extract data relevant to the review questions. Results will be analyzed and presented according to the concepts of interest, using tables, figures, images, and supporting narrative synthesis.
A Review of Constitutive Models and Thermal Properties for Nickel-Based Superalloys Across Machining-Specific Regimes
Authors: Thornton E-Lexus , Zannoun Hamzah , Vomero Connor , Caudill Daniel , Schoop Julius
Published: January 2023

Nickel-based superalloys (Ni-alloys) are widely used in flight critical aeroengine components because of their excellent material properties at high temperatures such as yield strength, ductility, and creep resistance. However, these desirable high-temperature properties also make Ni-alloys very difficult to machine. This paper provides an overview and benchmarking of various constitutive models to provide the process modeling community with an objective comparison between various calibrated material models to increase the accuracy of process model predictions for machining of Ni-alloys. Various studies involving the Johnson–Cook model and the calibration of its constants in finite element simulations are discussed. It was found that significant discrepancies exist between researchers’ approaches to calibrating constitutive models. To this end, various “physics-based” models are discussed as an alternative to widely used “phenomenological” models like the Johnson–Cook model, supplemented by a discussion on the more precise inverse method for constitutive model calibration. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview of pedigreed physical material properties for a range of Ni-alloys—the variation of thermal properties and thermally induced stresses over machining temperature regimes are modeled for a variety of Ni-alloys. The chemical compositions and applications for a range of relevant Ni-alloys are also explored. Overall, this paper identifies the need for more comprehensive analysis and process-specific (e.g., in-situ) characterization of thermomechanical properties for difficult-to-machine Ni-alloys to improve machining performance and aeroengine component quality.
Frictional Damage Mechanism for Matrix Failure in Cutting Unidirectional CFRP
Authors: Song Chunlei , Jin Xiaoliang
Published: January 2023

In machining carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials of different fiber orientations, the uncut material fracture occurs at different chip formation angles owing to either the fiber-dominated failure or matrix failure. For the matrix failure mode, it is found that the cracks in the damaged material can still affect the chip formation by providing additional Coulomb friction on the closed crack surfaces. To investigate the effect of the damage state of the matrix on the chip formation mechanism, this paper proposes a new cutting mechanics model for CFRP, by attributing the increase of the matrix shear strength to the Coulomb friction on the closed fracture surface. The frictional damage of matrix material, including damage initiation, propagation, and complete failure, is considered to provide a physical explanation for the increase of matrix shear strength and prove that the damaged matrix still influences the chip formation after complete failure. The proposed model determines the transition of chip formation mode, the variation of chip formation angle, and the cutting forces with the fiber orientation, considering the friction in the damaged area and the elastic stress in the undamaged area. According to the comparison with the models which do not consider the material damage state and attribute the increase of shear strength to the “internal friction” without a physical explanation, it is found that the proposed frictional damage model is able to capture the matrix failure in chip formation in the fiber orientation of [0deg,66deg] and [90deg,180deg] and explains the change of chip formation mechanism from matrix compression failure to fiber tension failure in the fiber orientation range of [67deg,89deg]. The necessity of considering the friction on the fractured surfaces in the machining process of CFRP is experimentally validated by cutting experiments at various fiber orientations.
Static and Dynamic Compliance Analyses of Curved-Axis Flexure Hinges: A Discrete Beam Transfer Matrix
Authors: Ling Mingxiang , Yuan Lei , Zhang Xianmin
Published: January 2023

A discrete beam transfer matrix method is introduced to enhance the existing approaches for the static and dynamic compliance solutions of curved-axis flexure hinges with variable curvatures and nonuniform profiles. An idea of discretizing curved-axis flexure hinges as a series of constant beam segments parallel to the centroidal axis is developed. As a result, only a concise beam transfer matrix with decoupled longitudinal and transverse components is needed to establish the compliance model. A step-by-step modeling procedure with simple formulas is provided as well qualifying for curved-axis and folded hinges. With this modeling idea, the small-deflection compliance matrix in the common sense of statics and particularly in a viewpoint of frequency-dependent dynamics can be simultaneously obtained. A typical curved-axis flexure hinge available in the literature is analyzed and compared as a study case. In addition, the static and dynamic design for a compliant guiding mechanism composed of folded flexure hinges is efficiently implemented with the presented method.
Multi-Point Path Planning Algorithm for a Mobile Robot With Composite Moving Costs
Authors: Ji Junjie , Zhao Jing-Shan
Published: January 2023

Multi-point path planning problem is a classic problem of the mobile robot. The present research is concerned with solving the shortest path. In some realistic applications, the shortest path length is not always the significant concerned value of path planning. This article proposes an extended generalized cost concept to constitute the updated path planning strategy. The generalized costs are the combination of straightly moving and turning costs. A genetic algorithm is used to solve optimal path-planning problems. The different weight between the two kinds of costs and how the different parameters affect the optimal path solution is discussed. The generalized cost concept extends the application of path planning to diversified physical quantities. When estimating the composite optimal costs of the path planning problem, we only need to solve the path planning problem with simplex straightly moving costs or simplex turning costs.
Identification of Crack Shapes by Digital Image Correlation Using Joint Estimation Maximum a Posteriori Method
Authors: Hana Norihiko , Umeda Masaki , Akiyoshi Masao , Amaya Kenji
Published: January 2023

A method that estimates invisible cracks from the surface based on the surface deformation measured by digital image correlation (DIC) is being developed. An inverse problem is setup to estimate such invisible cracks from the surface deformation. Surface deformation, measured by the DIC method, contains noise. Inverse problems have ill-conditions. The regularization method applied in this study is an extension of the joint estimation maximum a posteriori (JE-MAP) method. The JE-MAP algorithm alternates between MAP method estimation and the grab-cut (GC) method to avoid ill-conditions. The physical constraints on displacement and the forces at the cracks and the crack perimeters (ligaments) are added to the MAP method. The displacement and load at the cracks and the ligaments have a cross-sparse relationship. The MAP method estimates the displacement or the load at the cracks and the ligaments. The estimated result varies greatly at the boundary between the cracks and the ligaments. This boundary is determined by the GC method based on the estimated result. This study amplified the changes at the boundary between the cracks and the ligaments in the estimated results. The amplified results were input into the GC method to improve the boundary-determination accuracy. The regularization method developed from the JE-MAP method was combined with DIC method to estimate the cracks in invisible locations. The method proposed in this study estimated cracks more accurately than L1-norm regularization in inverse problems where the observed data were strain distributions measured by the DIC method.
Acoustic source localization based on acoustic leaky-wave antenna with heterogeneous structure
Authors: Wang Qi , Lan Jun , Deng Zhaoyu , Lai Yun , Liu Xiaozhou
Published: January 2023

In this study, an acoustic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with heterogeneous structure is proposed and the functions of the spatial directional radiation and acoustic source localization are achieved via utilizing the presented antenna configuration. In the radiating mode, the designed antenna possesses peculiar frequency-scanning characteristics, which enable it to determine the directional radiation of sound waves with diverse incident frequencies. Considering the receiving mode, the antenna emerges with explicit directional frequency characteristics, which ensure its function of spatial acoustic source localization. Additionally, compared with the traditional acoustic LWA, the proposed antenna structure exhibits sharper directivity and has potential applications in high-precision acoustic source localization.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a negative-curvature variable-shell flextensional transducer
Authors: Li Depeng , Lan Yu , Zhou Tianfang , Lu Wei
Published: January 2023

Type IV flextensional transducers do not have broadband characteristics due to the deep valley between their first- and second-order response curves arising from the sound pressure cancellation produced by the vibration in different areas of the shell. In this paper, the cause of the deep valley is examined by analyzing the equivalent radiated sound field of the transducer. Simplifying the three-dimensional vibration equation to a two-dimensional equation shows that the vibration state of the shell is related to the positive and negative curvature. Therefore, a variable-shell flextensional transducer with a negative curvature is proposed, which changes the second-order vibration of the transducer by introducing a negative curvature structure. The transducer avoids acoustic pressure cancellation, achieves broadband characteristics, and has continuous high efficiency in the frequency band. After optimization, a prototype of the transducer is fabricated and a pool test is completed. The test results show that the transducer realizes the coupling of the first three vibration mode, forming a broad band with an in-band fluctuation of less than 8 dB at 1200–5600 Hz, and the efficiencies of the first to third resonance peaks are 30.2%, 16.6%, and 9.4%, respectively.
Experiments and simulations demonstrating the rapid ultrasonic rewarming of frozen tissue cryovials
Authors: Xu Rui , Treeby Bradley E , Martin Eleanor
Published: January 2023

The development of methods to safely rewarm large cryopreserved biological samples remains a barrier to the widespread adoption of cryopreservation. Here, experiments and simulations were performed to demonstrate that ultrasound can increase rewarming rates relative to thermal conduction alone. An ultrasonic rewarming setup based on a custom 444 kHz tubular piezoelectric transducer was designed, characterized, and tested with 2 ml cryovials filled with frozen ground beef. Rewarming rates were characterized in the −20 °C to 5 °C range. Thermal conduction-based rewarming was compared to thermal conduction plus ultrasonic rewarming, demonstrating a tenfold increase in rewarming rate when ultrasound was applied. The maximum recorded rewarming rate with ultrasound was 57° C/min, approximately 2.5 times faster than with thermal conduction alone. Coupled acoustic and thermal simulations were developed and showed good agreement with the heating rates demonstrated experimentally and were also used to demonstrate spatial heating distributions with small (<3° C) temperature differentials throughout the sample when the sample was below 0° C. The experiments and simulations demonstrate the potential for ultrasonic cryovial rewarming with a possible application to large volume rewarming, as faster rewarming rates may improve the viability of cryopreserved tissues and reduce the time needed for cells to regain normal function.
Environmental Drivers of Vibrio cholerae Abundances in Mobile Bay, Alabama
Authors: Leard Elizabeth , Carmichael Ruth H. , Ortmann Alice C. , Jones Jessica L.
Published: January 2023

NOVC can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, which typically occurs after the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Incidence rates of NOVC gastroenteritis have increased during the past decade.
Effect of testosterone therapy on migraine frequency and disability in two transgender patients: a case report
Authors: Todd Candice Marie , Yu Amy , Lay Christine , Lagman-Bartolome Ana Marissa
Published: January 2023

With an increasing number of patients seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), the clinical impact of testosterone treatments on headache needs to be determined. Our case report looks at the potential effect of testosterone on migraine among transgender patients. We present two transmasculine patients who used masculinising hormone therapy with testosterone. Both patients described their headache as moderate-to-severe pain with features that fulfilled the criteria for chronic migraine without aura. Following GAHT, one patient improved in both frequency and intensity of headache symptoms while the other noted improvement in headache intensity alone. Our report postulates that testosterone therapy may have a positive impact on headaches in individuals participating in GAHT, highlighting the need for further research on the role of testosterone therapy on headache in transmasculine individuals.
Hypopharyngeal perforation caused by blunt trauma in buffalo attack
Authors: Archer Jack Peter , Boot Madison Rose , Jardeleza Camille
Published: January 2023

A male in his 50s arrived by ambulance at a regional Australian hospital after being pinned by a buffalo against a fence by the chest and abdomen. Primary and secondary surveys identified an open fibula fracture and superficial abrasions. CT trauma series identified retropharyngeal free gas extending to the right carotid sheath. Flexible nasoendoscopy revealed a normal upper airway and no site of perforation. Oesophagoscopy and gastroscopy were completed to evaluate for a site of free gas leakage. A hypopharyngeal tear was identified 15 cm from the incisors at the cricopharyngeal sphincter. A gastrograffin swallow was completed which showed no leak. The decision was made to manage the patient conservatively with intravenous dexamethasone and intravenous ceftriaxone/metronidazole for antibiotic prophylaxis. The patient had his diet gradually upgraded and was discharged home 4 days later with oral amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Year-round longitudinal health surveillance in UK Olympic Summer Sport Athletes 2016–2019
Authors: Ranson Craig , Wootten Moses , Biswas Anita , Herrington Lee , Gallimore David , Jackson Paul D , Taylor Abbie , Spencer Simon , Hull James , McCaig Steve
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To identify the priority injury and illness types across UK summer Olympic World Class Programme sports to inform development, implementation and evaluation of associated injury risk mitigation and management initiatives.

Methods

Four years (2016–2019) of electronic medical records of 1247 athletes from 22 sports were analysed and reported using methods based on the 2020 International Olympic Committee consensus statement for epidemiological recording and reporting.

Results

3562 injuries and 1218 illness were recorded, accounting for 146 156 and 27 442 time-loss days. Overall, 814 (65%) athletes reported at least one injury, while 517 (41%) reported at least one illness. There were 1.3 injuries per athlete year resulting in a mean burden of 54.1 days per athlete year. The lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder body regions had the highest incidence and burden. Athletes reported 0.5 illnesses per athlete year, resulting in a mean burden of 10.4 days per athlete year, with most composed of respiratory illness and gastroenteritis. Injuries within sport groups were representative of the injury risk profile for those sports (eg, knee, hand and head injuries had the highest incidence in combat sports), but respiratory illnesses were consistently the greatest problem for each sport group.

Conclusions

To optimise availability for training and performance, systematic risk mitigation and management initiatives should target priority injury problems occurring in the lumbar/pelvis, knee, ankle and shoulder, and respiratory illness. Follow-up analysis should include identification of sport-specific priority health problems and associated risk factors.
Systematic mapping of gender equality and social inclusion in WASH interventions: knowledge clusters and gaps
Authors: Macura Biljana , Foggitt Ella , Liera Carla , Soto Adriana , Orlando Arianna , Del Duca Laura , Carrard Naomi , Hannes Karin , Sommer Marni , Dickin Sarah
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services threatens population health and contributes to gender and social inequalities, especially in low-resource settings. Despite awareness in the WASH sector of the importance of promoting gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) to address these inequalities, evaluations of interventions focus largely on health outcomes, while gender equality and other social outcomes are rarely included. This review aimed to collate and describe available research evidence of GESI outcomes evaluated in WASH intervention studies.

Methods

We applied a systematic mapping methodology and searched for both academic and grey literature published between 2010 and 2020 in 16 bibliographic databases and 53 specialist websites. Eligibility screening (with consistency checking) was conducted according to predetermined criteria, followed by metadata coding and narrative synthesis.

Results

Our evidence base comprises 463 intervention studies. Only 42% of studies measured transformative GESI outcomes of WASH interventions, referring to those that seek to transform gender relations and power imbalances to promote equality. A majority of studies disaggregated outcome data by sex, but other forms of data disaggregation were limited. Most included studies (78%) lacked a specific GESI mainstreaming component in their intervention design. Of the interventions with GESI mainstreaming, the majority targeted women and girls, with very few focused on other social groups or intersectional considerations.

Conclusion

The review points to various areas for future primary and secondary research. Given the potential contribution of WASH to GESI, GESI considerations should be incorporated into the evaluation of WASH interventions. Regular collection of data and monitoring of GESI outcomes is needed as well as developing new and testing existing methods for monitoring and evaluation of such data.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of overweight and obesity among adult population in Dubai: a population-based cross-sectional survey in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mamdouh Heba , Hussain Hamid Y , Ibrahim Gamal M , Alawadi Fatheya , Hassanein Mohamed , Zarooni Amer Al , Suwaidi Hanan Al , Hassan Amar , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Alnakhi Wafa Khamis
Published: January 2023

Objective

To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine the associated risk factors among adults in Dubai.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional survey with a multistage, stratified random sampling design was conducted in the Emirate of Dubai in 2019.

Participants

The study included 2142 adults aged 18+ years in the Emirate of Dubai.

Results

The overall prevalence of obesity, which was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, was 17.8%. The highest obesity rates were reported among women (21.6%) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-nationals (39.6%). Moreover, 39.8% of the population was overweight (BMI ≥25–29.9 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression showed associations between obesity and age, sex, nationality, hypertension and occupation. Obesity increases with age, with the highest risk at age group 50–59 years (OR 4.30; 95% CI 1.57 to 11.78) compared with the reference group (18–24 years). Females had a higher risk of obesity than males (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.38). Compared with those in the reference group (Western and others), UAE nationals, other Arabs and Asians were more likely to be obese ((OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.67), (OR 3.61; 95% CI 2.41 to 5.44) and (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.50), respectively). Clerical and service workers (OR 4.50; 95% CI 2.54 to 8.00) and elementary and unskilled occupation categories (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.56 to 4.25) had higher risks of obesity than the reference group (professionals), p<0.01). Hypertensive individuals had a higher risk of obesity than normotensive individuals (OR=3.96; p<0.01).

Conclusions

Obesity and overweight are highly prevalent among adults in Dubai and are remarkably associated with sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. Comprehensive strategic initiatives are urgently needed to control obesity in the high-risk populations in the Emirate of Dubai.
Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries
Authors: Cavallera Vanessa , Lancaster Gillian , Gladstone Melissa , Black Maureen M , McCray Gareth , Nizar Ambreen , Ahmed Salahuddin , Dutta Arup , Anago Romuald Kouadio E , Brentani Alexandra , Jiang Fan , Schönbeck Yvonne , McCoy Dana C , Kariger Patricia , Weber Ann M , Raikes Abbie , Waldman Marcus , van Buuren Stef , Kaur Raghbir , Pérez Maillard Michelle , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Khanam Rasheda , Sazawal Sunil , Zongo Arsène , Pacifico Mercadante Mariana , Zhang Yunting , Roy Arunangshu D , Hepworth Katelyn , Fink Günther , Rubio-Codina Marta , Tofail Fahmida , Eekhout Iris , Seiden Jonathan , Norton Rebecca , Baqui Abdullah H , Khalfan Ali Jamila , Zhao Jin , Holzinger Andreas , Detmar Symone , Kembou Samuel Nzale , Begum Farzana , Mohammed Ali Said , Jehan Fyezah , Dua Tarun , Janus Magdalena
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Children’s early development is affected by caregiving experiences, with lifelong health and well-being implications. Governments and civil societies need population-based measures to monitor children’s early development and ensure that children receive the care needed to thrive. To this end, the WHO developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) to measure children’s early development up to 3 years of age. The GSED includes three measures for population and programmatic level measurement: (1) short form (SF) (caregiver report), (2) long form (LF) (direct administration) and (3) psychosocial form (PF) (caregiver report). The primary aim of this protocol is to validate the GSED SF and LF. Secondary aims are to create preliminary reference scores for the GSED SF and LF, validate an adaptive testing algorithm and assess the feasibility and preliminary validity of the GSED PF.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct the validation in seven countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Pakistan, The Netherlands, People's Republic of China, United Republic of Tanzania), varying in geography, language, culture and income through a 1-year prospective design, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods with 1248 children per site, stratified by age and sex. The GSED generates an innovative common metric (Developmental Score: D-score) using the Rasch model and a Development for Age Z-score (DAZ). We will evaluate six psychometric properties of the GSED SF and LF: concurrent validity, predictive validity at 6 months, convergent and discriminant validity, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability. We will evaluate measurement invariance by comparing differential item functioning and differential test functioning across sites.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethical approval from the WHO (protocol GSED validation 004583 20.04.2020) and approval in each site. Study results will be disseminated through webinars and publications from WHO, international organisations, academic journals and conference proceedings.

Registration details

Open Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/on 19 November 2021 (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/KX5T7; identifier: osf-registrations-kx5t7-v1).
Undernutrition and associated factors among older adults in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yisak Hiwot , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Arage Getachew , Demelash Agmasie Tigabu , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Ewunetei Amien , Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye
Published: January 2023

Objective

Undernutrition contributes to decreased physical and cognitive functional status, higher healthcare consumption, premature institutionalisation and increased mortality. So, the objective of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among older adults in Ethiopia.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis was used. Articles that presented original data on undernutrition using body mass index (BMI) were included. We made an inclusive literature search from PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The I2test was used to examine the heterogeneity of the studies considered in this meta-analysis. Stata software V.14 and METANDI command were used.

Setting

Studies conducted in Ethiopia were included.

Participants

Eight independent studies were eligible and enrolled for final analysis.

Outcome

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition. A selection of publications, data extraction and reported results for the review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

A total of eight unique studies were enrolled for final analysis. The pooled prevalence of undernutrition was 20.53% (95% CI 17.39% to 23.67%). The study revealed that males had lesser odds of being undernutrition with AOR 0.17 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.20). Older adults in the age range of 65–74 years were less likely to be undernourished as compared with those whose age was above 85 years with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 022 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.25). Older adults who were depressed had higher odds of undernutrition as compared with their counterparts with AOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.37). However, older adults from households with poor wealth indexes were two times more likely to be undernourished as compared with those who were from rich households.

Conclusion

The burden of undernutrition in Ethiopia is significant. The limitation of the current study was that all included studies were observational, mainly cross-sectional.
Rates and predictors of mental health care utilisation in patients following a prolonged stay on intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wintermann Gloria-Beatrice , Weidner Kerstin , Strauss Bernhard , Rosendahl Jenny
Published: January 2023

Objectives

An acute critical illness and secondary complications may necessitate a prolonged treatment on an intensive care unit (ICU). As long-term consequences, ICU survivors may suffer from both physical and psychological sequelae. To improve the aftercare of these patients, the present study aimed to assess the use of mental healthcare and associated factors following prolonged ICU stay.

Methods

N=197 patients with a primary diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy were enrolled within 4 weeks (T1) and interviewed three (T2) and six (T3) months following the transfer from acute-care to postacute ICU. Symptoms and a current diagnosis of major depression/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The potential need for mental healthcare, its current and past use and reasons for non-use were raised.

Results

Full syndromal and subsyndromal major depression/PTSD were diagnosed in 8.3%/15.6% at T2, 12.2%/23.5% at T3. About 29% of the patients reported mental healthcare utilisation. Considering somatic complaints, more important was a common reason for the non-use of mental healthcare. Female gender, previous mental healthcare, number of sepsis episodes and pension receipt increased the chance for mental healthcare utilisation, a pre-existing mental disorder decreased it.

Conclusion

Every fourth patient surviving prolonged ICU treatement makes use of mental healthcare . Particularly male patients with pre-existing mental disorders should be targeted preventively, receiving specific psychoeducation about psychological long-term sequelae and mental healthcare options post-ICU.

Trial registration number

DRKS00003386.
Self-management in adults after solid-organ transplantation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jobst Stefan , Stadelmaier Julia , Zöller Petra , Grummich Kathrin , Schmucker Christine , Wünsch Alexander , Kugler Christiane , Rebafka Anne
Published: January 2023

Introduction

After solid-organ transplantation (SOTx), recipients must adhere to a lifelong medical regimen, change their lifestyle and cope with physiological and psychosocial challenges. This requires active participation in their care and self-management abilities. The concept of self-management after SOTx has only been described regarding specific organs and focused on adherence to medical treatment. A comprehensive conceptualisation of self-management entailing all solid organs and beyond medical aspects does not exist. This might lead to unmet self-management support needs of SOTx recipients and hinder a more holistic and integrative approach in self-management support. Therefore, a better understanding of the concept of self-management after SOTx is needed to facilitate a comprehensive evidence base for healthcare providers and researchers. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore existing evidence on self-management in adults after SOTx.

Methods and analysis

To identify relevant evidence, six electronic databases and three study registers will be searched, supplemented by handsearches, reference checking and expert recommendations. Screening and selection of available evidence will be carried out in a two-step process by two independent reviewers. International evidence published in English or German reporting on adults after heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney or small bowel transplantation will be considered. To meet inclusion criteria, articles have to focus on either: self-management, self-management support or recipients’ or healthcare providers’ perspectives of challenges and needs potentially addressable by self-management. Data extraction will be performed by two reviewers independently using a structured form. Data will be analysed descriptively and using content analysis procedures. Findings will be summarised narratively and presented in tabular format.

Ethics and dissemination

The consultation and approval of an ethics committee is not required for this scoping review. Findings of the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed open-access journal and presented at conferences.
Digital self-report instruments for repeated measurement of mental health in the general adult population: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Koh Zhao Hui , Skues Jason , Murray Greg
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Digital technologies present tremendous opportunities for enabling long-term measurement of mental health in the general population. Emerging studies have established preliminary efficacy of collecting self-report data digitally. However, a key challenge when developing a new self-report instrument is navigating the abundance of existing instruments to select relevant constructs for measurements. This review is a precursor to developing a novel future integrated digital instrument for repeated measurements. We interrogate the literature as the first step towards optimal measurement of the multifaceted mental health concept, in the context of digital repeated measurement. This review aims to identify (1) digital self-report instruments administered repeatedly to measure the mental health of the general adult population; (2) their structure and format; (3) their psychometric properties; (4) their usage in empirical studies; and (5) the constructs these instruments were designed to measure (as characterised in the original publication), and the constructs the instruments have been used to measure in the identified empirical studies.

Methods and analysis

Five major electronic databases will be searched. Studies administering mental health instruments (in English) repeatedly to community dwellers in the general adult population are eligible. A reviewer will preliminarily screen for eligible studies. Then, two reviewers will independently screen the full text of the eligible articles and extract data. Both reviewers will resolve any disagreement through discussion or with a third reviewer. After the data extraction, a reviewer will manually search for the structure, format, psychometric properties and the original constructs these instruments were developed to measure. This review will synthesise the results in a narrative approach. The reporting in this review will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as no data will be collected. Findings of the systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022306547
Body mass index, waist circumference and pre-frailty/frailty: the Tromsø study 1994−2016
Authors: Uchai Shreeshti , Andersen Lene Frost , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Hjartåker Anette
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study investigated the association between obesity, assessed using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and pre-frailty/frailty among older adults over 21 years of follow-up.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Population-based study among community-dwelling adults in Tromsø municipality, Norway.

Participants

2340 women and 2169 men aged ≥45 years attending the Tromsø study in 1994–1995 (Tromsø4) and 2015–2016 (Tromsø7), with additional BMI and WC measurements in 2001 (Tromsø5) and 2007–2008 (Tromsø6).

Primary outcome measure

Physical frailty was defined as the presence of three or more and pre-frailty as the presence of one to two of the five frailty components suggested by Friedet al: low grip strength, slow walking speed, exhaustion, unintentional weight loss and low physical activity.

Results

Participants with baseline obesity (adjusted OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.02), assessed by BMI, were more likely to be pre-frail/frail than those with normal BMI. Participants with high (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.87) or moderately high (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.03) baseline WC were more likely to be pre-frail/frail than those with normal WC. Those at baseline with normal BMI but moderately high/high WC or overweight with normal WC had no significantly increased odds for pre-frailty/frailty. However, those with both obesity and moderately high/high WC had increased odds of pre-frailty/frailty. Higher odds of pre-frailty/frailty were observed among those in ‘overweight to obesity’ or ‘increasing obesity’ trajectories than those with stable normal BMI. Compared with participants in a stable normal WC trajectory, those with high WC throughout follow-up were more likely to be pre-frail/frail.

Conclusion

Both general and abdominal obesity, especially over time during adulthood, is associated with an increased risk of pre-frailty/frailty in later years. Thus maintaining normal BMI and WC throughout adult life is important.
Jeelo Dobara (Live Life Again): a cross-sectional survey to understand the use of social media and community experience and perceptions around COVID-19 vaccine uptake in three low vaccine uptake districts in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Khan Anokhi , Ali Mehek , Baig Misbah , Sahar Tahira , Khurshid Kainat , Haider Rizvi Syed Aun , Parvaiz Fariha , Mujtaba Taj Asad , Ur Rehman Ubed , Pasha Aneeta , Khan Myra
Published: January 2023

Objective

To gather preliminary insights through formative research on social media usage, and experiences, attitudes and perceptions around COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination in three high-risk, underserved districts in Karachi, Pakistan.

Design

Cross-sectional mixed-method design.

Participants

392 adults (361 surveys and 30 in-depth interviews (IDI)) from districts South, East and Korangi in Karachi, Pakistan.

Main outcome measures

Social media usage and knowledge, perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 infection and vaccination.

Results

Using social media was associated with an increased probability of getting vaccinated by 1.61 units. Most of the respondents (65%) reported using social media, mainly to watch videos and/or keep in touch with family/friends. 84.76% knew of COVID-19 while 88.37% knew about the COVID-19 vaccination, with 71.19% reported vaccine receipt; reasons to vaccinate included belief that vaccines protect from the virus, and vaccination being mandatory for work. However, only 56.7% of respondents believed they were at risk of disease. Of the 54 unvaccinated individuals, 27.78% did not vaccinate as they did not believe in COVID-19. Despite this, 78.38% of respondents scored high on vaccine confidence. In IDIs, most respondents knew about COVID-19 vaccines: ‘This vaccine will create immunity in your body. Therefore, I think we should get vaccinated’, and over half knew how COVID-19 spreads. Most considered COVID-19 a serious public health problem and thought it important that people get vaccinated. However, there was a low-risk perception of self as only a little over half felt that they were at risk of contracting COVID-19.

Conclusion

With our conflicting results regarding COVID-19 vaccine confidence, that is, high vaccine coverage but low perception of risk to self, it is likely that vaccine coverage is more a result of mandates and coercion than true vaccine confidence. Our findings imply that interactive social media could be valuable in fostering provaccine sentiment.
Protocol for a MULTI-centre feasibility study to assess the use of99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of kidney tumours (MULTI-MIBI study)
Authors: Warren Hannah , Wagner Thomas , Gorin Michael A , Rowe Steven , Holman Beverley Fiona , Pencharz Deborah , El-Sheikh Soha , Barod Ravi , Patki Prasad , Mumtaz Faiz , Bex Axel , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Moore Caroline M , Campain Nicholas , Cartledge Jon , Scarsbrook Andrew , Hassan Fahim , O'Brien Tim S , Stewart Grant D , Mendichovszky Iosif , Dizdarevic Sabina , Alanbuki Ammar , Wildgoose William H , Wah Tze , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Pizzo Elena , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Lorgelly Paula , Gurusamy Kurinchi , Emberton Mark , Tran Maxine G B
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The incidence of renal tumours is increasing and anatomic imaging cannot reliably distinguish benign tumours from renal cell carcinoma. Up to 30% of renal tumours are benign, with oncocytomas the most common type. Biopsy has not been routinely adopted in many centres due to concerns surrounding non-diagnostic rate, bleeding and tumour seeding. As a result, benign masses are often unnecessarily surgically resected.99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT has shown high diagnostic accuracy for benign renal oncocytomas and other oncocytic renal neoplasms of low malignant potential in single-centre studies. The primary aim of MULTI-MIBI is to assess feasibility of a multicentre study of99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT against a reference standard of histopathology from surgical resection or biopsy. Secondary aims of the study include obtaining estimates of99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT sensitivity and specificity and to inform the design and conduct of a future definitive trial.

Methods and analysis

A feasibility prospective multicentre study of participants with indeterminate, clinical T1 renal tumours to undergo99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT (index test) compared with histopathology from biopsy or surgical resection (reference test). Interpretation of the index and reference tests will be blinded to the results of the other. Recruitment rate as well as estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value will be reported. Semistructured interviews with patients and clinicians will provide qualitative data to inform onward trial design and delivery. Training materials for99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT interpretation will be developed, assessed and optimised. Early health economic modelling using a decision analytic approach for different diagnostic strategies will be performed to understand the potential cost-effectiveness of99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted (UK HRA REC 20/YH/0279) protocol V.5.0 dated 21/6/2022. Study outputs will be presented and published nationally and internationally.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN12572202.
Primary and additional treatment preference in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity and type 1 retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Jang Ji Hye , Kang Yong Koo , Park Han Sang , Kim Kiyoung , Kim Sung Soo , Han Jae Yong , Kim Hyun Wong , Bang Jong Wook , Song Jae Shin , Park Sang Jun , Woo Se Joon , Joo Kwang Sic , Yoo Woong-Sun , Chung Inyoung , Cho Yong-Wun , Lee Jong Hyun , Choi Hun Jin , Chung Yoo-Ri
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the preference for antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) versus laser ablation therapy as primary and additional treatment in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and type 1 ROP.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective study was conducted at nine medical centres across South Korea. A total of 94 preterm infants with ROP who underwent primary treatment between January 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. All eyes were classified as having type 1 ROP or aggressive ROP. Data on the zone, primary treatment chosen, injection dose, presence of reactivation and additional treatment were collected and analysed.

Results

Seventy infants (131 eyes) with type 1 ROP and 24 infants (45 eyes) with aggressive ROP were included. Anti-VEGF injection was selected as the primary treatment in 74.05% of the infants with type 1 ROP and 88.89% with aggressive ROP. Anti-VEGF injection was selected as the ROP was located in zone I or posterior zone II, and laser ablation was selected when it was located in zone II. The anti-VEGF injection doses varied and tended to be higher in the aggressive ROP group. Infants with aggressive ROP were 2.08 times more likely to require additional treatment than those with type 1 ROP. When ROP reactivation occurred, laser therapy was preferred as an additional treatment.

Conclusion

In Korea, the preference for anti-VEGF therapy or laser therapy differed according to ROP subtype, zone and primary or secondary treatment. These findings suggest that ROP treatment are considered according to ROP subtype, location and reactivation.