bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shedding Light on Sustainable Development and Stakeholder Engagement: The Role of Individual Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: del Mar Alonso‐Almeida María , Buil‐Fabregà Marian , Bagur‐Femenías Llorenç , Aznar‐Alarcón Juan Pedro
Published: March 2017

Dynamic capabilities are considered relevant competencies in the fields of strategic management, as they are proposed as a framework for analysing the sources of wealth creation in rapidly changing environments. However, there are few authors who have analysed dynamic individual capability requirements for the manager of a business to ensure business sustainability. These authors define dynamic capabilities as individual competencies and skills available to the manager (sensing, seizing, transforming), which could influence strategic decisions and have the ability to adapt quickly to changing environments and affect business sustainability.

The paper aims to analyse the existence of a relation between individual dynamic managerial capabilities and social and environmental commitment for business sustainability. The long‐term success of a firm clearly depends on the manager's capacity to establish an environment of cooperation and teamwork with stakeholders. This paper aims to look at the existence of a positive impact of individual dynamic capabilities on stakeholders' commitment.

The results suggest that individual dynamic capabilities have a positive impact on business sustainability, the relation with social commitment being stronger than the relation with environment commitment. Stakeholders' engagement is positive influenced by the extent in which managers are socially committed. Individual dynamic managerial capabilities are a positive factor in the long‐term success of a firm. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Wavelength‐Tunable Electroluminescent Light Sources from Individual Ga‐Doped ZnO Microwires
Authors: Jiang Mingming , He Gaohang , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zheng Lingxia , Shan Chongxin , Shen Dezhen , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: March 2017

Electrically driven wavelength‐tunable light emission from biased individual Ga‐doped ZnO microwires (ZnO:Ga MWs) is demonstrated. Single crystalline ZnO:Ga MWs with different Ga‐doping concentrations have been synthesized using a one‐step chemical vapor deposition method. Strong electrically driven light emission from individual ZnO:Ga MW based devices is realized with tunable colors, and the emission region is localized toward the center of the wires. Increasing Ga‐doping concentration in the MWs can lead to the redshift of electroluminescent emissions in the visible range. Interestingly, owing to the lack of rectification characteristics, relevant electrical measurement results show that the alternating current‐driven light emission functions excellently on the ZnO:Ga MWs. Consequently, individual ZnO:Ga MWs, which can be analogous to incandescent sources, offer unique possibilities for future electroluminescence light sources. This typical multicolor emitter can be used to rival and complement other conventional semiconductor devices in displays and lighting.
The Importance of “Empty Gestures” in Recovery: Being Human Together
Authors: Skatvedt Astrid
Published: March 2017

What do clients/patients want or value from their encounters with healthcare providers? Based on ethnographic research conducted with individuals suffering from drug addiction and mental health issues, this article argues that clients/patients treasure “everyday” or “human” interaction with medical staff. Everydayness is accomplished through three generic social processes: **co‐silence, inclusion in back‐stage activity, and physical dramatizations of authenticity. These processes and other ordinary interactional strategies for “being human together” should be seen as vital tools for recovery.
Labelling of mental illness in a paediatric emergency department and its implications for stigma reduction education
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Miller Kristina , Milne Alexandra , Scerbo Christina , Lim Rodrick , Cooper Alicia , Watling Chris
Published: March 2017

Introduction Stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours towards patients with mental illness have negative consequences on their health. Despite research regarding educational and social contact-based interventions to reduce stigma, there are limitations to the success of these interventions for individuals with deeply held stigmatizing beliefs. Our study sought to better understand the process of implicit mental illness stigma in the setting of a paediatric emergency department to inform the design of future educational interventions.
Methods We conducted a qualitative exploration of mental illness stigma with interviews including physician, nurse, service user, caregiver and administrative staff participants (n = 24). We utilized the implicit association test as a discussion prompt to explore stigma outside of conscious awareness. We conducted our study utilizing constructivist grounded theory methodology, including purposeful theoretical sampling and constant comparative analysis.
Results Our study found that the confluence of socio-cultural, cognitive and emotional forces results in labelling of patients with mental illness as time-consuming, unpredictable and/or unfixable. These labels lead to unintentional avoidance behaviours from staff which are perceived as prejudicial and discriminatory by patients and caregivers. Participants emphasized education as the most useful intervention to reduce stigma, suggesting that educational interventions should focus on patient-provider relationships to foster humanizing labels for individuals with mental illness and by promoting provider empathy and engagement.
Discussion Our results suggest that educational interventions that target negative attributions, consider socio-cultural contexts and facilitate positive emotions in healthcare providers may be useful.
A multinational study distinguishing Alzheimer's and healthy patients using cerebrospinal fluid tau/Aβ42 cutoff with concordance to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Mo Yi , Stromswold Julie , Wilson Kimberly , Holder Daniel , Sur Cyrille , Laterza Omar , Savage Mary J. , Struyk Arie , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Burke James , Macaulay S. Lance , Bråthen Geir , Sando Sigrid Botne , White Linda R. , Weiss Christy , Cowes Arturo , Bush Michele M. , DeSilva Ganga , Darby David G. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Surls Jackie , Sagini Eileen , Tanen Michael , Altman Amy , Luthman Johan , Egan Michael F.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and amyloid β (Aβ)42 accompany development of Alzheimer's brain pathology. Robust tau and Aβ42 immunoassays were developed to establish a tau/Aβ42 cutoff distinguishing mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects from healthy elderly control (HC) subjects.

Methods

A CSF tau/Aβ42 cutoff criteria was chosen, which distinguished the groups and maximized concordance with amyloid PET. Performance was assessed using an independent validation cohort.

Results

A tau/Aβ42 = 0.215 cutoff provided 94.8% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity. Concordance with PET visual reads was estimated at 86.9% in a ∼50% PET positive population. In the validation cohort, the cutoff demonstrated 78.4% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity to distinguish the AD and HC populations.

Discussion

A tau/Aβ42 cutoff with acceptable sensitivity and specificity distinguished HC from mild‐to‐moderate AD subjects and maximized concordance to brain amyloidosis. The defined cutoff demonstrated that CSF analysis may be useful as a surrogate to imaging assessment of AD pathology.
Sexual Life of Women With Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome After Laparoscopic Vecchietti Vaginoplasty
Authors: Pastor Zlatko , Froněk Jiří , Nováčková Marta , Chmel Roman
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Adequate anatomic and physiologic functions of the genitalia are fundamental prerequisites for sexual well-being and reproduction. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) compromises female sexual life and makes reproduction impossible.

Aim

To assess the psychosexual effect of vaginal reconstruction using the laparoscopic Vecchietti technique in patients with MRKHS.

Methods

Forty-two patients with MRKHS who underwent laparoscopic Vecchietti vaginoplasty were included. Their partners also were interviewed. A control group of 45 age-matched, childless, sexually active women were examined during the same period.

Main Outcome Measures

A gynecologic examination was performed to determine the anatomic outcome. Psychosexual function was evaluated with the Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and a semistructured interview. Genital self-image was evaluated using the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS).

Results

Average neovagina length (7.0 ± 9.6 cm) in the MRKHS group was significantly shorter than the vaginal length in the control group (9.3 ± 2.5 cm). Women with a neovagina reported satisfactory sexual function (FSFI score = 29 ± 2.7) that was not significantly different from the control group (P < .05); however, they also had significantly higher levels of distress (FSDS-R score = 14.5 ± 6.5) and were not satisfied with their genitals (FGSIS score = 22.0 ± 2.4) compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Sexual function in women with MRKHS can be restored successfully by vaginoplasty; however, they have higher rates of distress and are less satisfied with their genitals.
Insulin deficiency: A possible link between obesity and cognitive function
Authors: Nameni Ghazaleh , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Hajiluian Ghazaleh , Shahabi Parviz , Abbasi Mehran Mesgari
Published: March 2017

Background

Epidemiological studies proposed a linear connection between developing dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and obesity. Adiposity, insulin resistance and dementia indicated probable mechanistic links in this process. Indeed, it has been known that optimum insulin action in the brain plays critical role in cognitive function; whereas, insulin resistance in obese individuals finally leads to insulin deficiency in central nervous system (CNS) and down regulation of the efficiency of insulin uptake from periphery into CSF. In the current study, we aimed to assess correlation between increased body weight and insulin resistance with CSF to serum ratio of insulin and to evaluate the correlation between CSF to serum ratio of insulin with cognitive function in high fat diet induced obese rats.

Methods and material

Twelve male Wister rats were randomly divided into two groups receiving Diet 1 (D1, 10% fat) and Diet 2 (D2, 59% fat) for 16 weeks. Weight was recorded weekly to assure body weight gain. Morris Water Maze (MWM) task was designed to assess spatial learning memory function. Finally, blood samples were collected for determining fasting serum glucose using enzymatic spectrophotometric method, insulin levels by ELISA kit and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were calculated. Fasting Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) insulin was also measured by ELISA kit.

Result

D1 and D 2 groups both experienced weight gain but weight gain in D2 group were significantly higher. A significant correlation between CSF to serum ratio of insulin with weight (r = 0.882, p = 0.001) and HOMA‐IR index (r = 0.798, p = 0.002) was reported. Moreover, the present study indicated significant correlations between CSF to serum ratio of insulin and escape latency time in first (r = 0.631, p = 0.028), second (r = 0.716, p = 0.009) and third (r = 0.609, p = 0.036) day of MWM test and probe time of MWM test (r = 0.762, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Increased body weight induced by high fat diet and insulin resistance in rats led to down regulation of CSF to serum ratio of insulin in the current research. Brain insulin deficiency may be responsible for possible decline of cognitive function in obesity. More researches are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms and also to confirm the similar findings in human studies.
OnabotulinumtoxinA for Lower Limb Spasticity: Guidance From a Delphi Panel Approach
Authors: Esquenazi Alberto , Alfaro Abraham , Ayyoub Ziyad , Charles David , Dashtipour Khashayar , Graham Glenn D. , McGuire John R. , Odderson Ib R. , Patel Atul T. , Simpson David M.
Published: March 2017

Background

OnabotulinumtoxinA is approved for the treatment of upper and lower limb spasticity in adults. Guidance on common postures and onabotulinumtoxinA injection paradigms for upper limb spasticity has been developed via a Delphi Panel; however, similar guidance for lower limb spasticity has not been established.

Objective

To define a clinically recommended treatment paradigm for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA for each common posture among patients with poststroke lower limb spasticity (PSLLS) and to identify the most common PSLLS aggregate postures.

Design

Clinical experts provided insight regarding onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for PSLLS using an adaptation of the Delphi consensus process.

Setting

Delphi panel.

Participants

Ten expert clinicians in neurology and physical medicine and rehabilitation who treat PSLLS.

Methods

A minimum of 2 rounds of anonymous voting occurred for each recommendation until consensus was reached (≥66% agreement). The first round was conducted via a survey; the second round was an in‐person meeting.

Main Outcome Measurements

Reached consensus on muscle selection for injection, overall and per‐muscle dose of onabotulinumtoxinA, number of injection sites/muscle, onabotulinumtoxinA dilution, and use of localization techniques. The most common PSLLS postures were reviewed. Recommendations were tailored toward injectors with less experience.

Results

Consensus was reached on targeted subsets of muscles for each posture. Doses ranged from 20 to 150 U for individual muscles and 50 to 300 U for limb postures. OnabotulinumtoxinA dilution 50 U/mL (2:1 ratio) was considered most appropriate but varied based on muscles selected (range, 2:1‐4:1). Experts agreed that localization techniques for muscle identification during injection for all postures would be useful. For suboptimal response to injection, all panel members would increase the dose, and the majority (89%) would increase the number of treated muscles. The panel identified 3 common aggregating lower limb postures: (1) equinovarus foot and flexed toes; (2) extended knee and plantar flexed foot/ankle; and (3) plantar flexed foot/ankle and flexed toes. The recommended starting doses for each aggregate posture were 400 U, 400 U, and 300 U, respectively.

Conclusion

The modified Delphi panel process provided consensus on common muscles and corresponding onabotulinumtoxinA treatment paradigms for postures associated with PSLLS that can be used for guidance in optimizing care delivery.

Level of Evidence

V
Un hospital pediátrico de referencia en el Caribe colombiano como espacio para la docencia e investigación
Authors: Tirado Pérez Irina Suley
Published: March 2017

La principal misión de un hospital es atender a los enfermos por eso muchas veces se habla de la asistencia como un valor por encima de la docencia e investigación. Desde hace mucho tiempo los hospitales son considerados como instituciones que proveen atención a pacientes, por medio de personal especializado con el objetivo principal de ayudarles a recuperar la salud
Variables associated with olfactory disorders in adults: A U.S. population‐based analysis
Authors: Noel Julia , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Thamboo Andrew , Patel Zara M.
Published: March 2017

Objective

Olfactory dysfunction is known to have significant social, psychological, and safety implications. Despite increasingly recognized prevalence, potential risk factors for olfactory loss have been arbitrarily documented and knowledge is limited in scale. The aim of this study is to identify potential demographic and exposure variables correlating with olfactory dysfunction.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 editions of the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey was performed. The utilized survey reports from a nationally representative sample of about 5000 persons each year located in counties across the United States. There is an interview and physical examination component which includes demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and health‐related questions as well as medical, dental, physiologic measurements, and laboratory tests. 3594 adult respondents from 2011 to 2012 and 3708 respondents from 2013 to 2014 were identified from the above population‐based database. The frequency of self‐reported disorders as well as performance on odor identification testing was determined in relation to demographic factors, occupational or environmental exposures, and urinary levels of environmental and industrial compounds.

Results

In both subjective and objective analysis, smell disorders were significantly more common with increasing age. While the non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic Asian populations were less likely to report subjective olfactory loss, they, along with Hispanics, performed more poorly on odor identification than Caucasians. Those with limited education had a decreased prevalence of hyposmia. Women outperformed men on smell testing. Those reporting exposure to vapors were more likely to experience olfactory dysfunction, and urinary levels of manganese, 2‐Thioxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid, and 2‐Aminothiazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid were lower among respondents with subjective smell disturbance. In odor detection, elevated serum levels of lead and urinary levels of 2,4 dichlorophenol were associated with anosmia and hyposmia, respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides current, population‐based data identifying demographic and exposure elements related to smell disturbances in U.S. adults. Age, race, gender, education, exposure to vapors, urinary levels of manganese, 2‐Thioxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid, 2‐Aminothiazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid, 2,4 dichlorophenol, and serum lead levels were all implicated in smell disturbance. Care should be taken in interpretation due to lack of consistency between subjective and objective measures of olfaction as well as limitations related to population‐based data. Prospective trials are indicated to further elucidate these relationships.
MOOCs and Archaeological Advocacy
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez Emilio
Published: March 2017

This review assesses the capabilities of the technology of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as tools for increasing the presence of archaeology in our digital society. Instead of focusing on the academic value of the content of these courses, I explore their usefulness as promoters of rigorous archaeological practices and ethics, as well as the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. After enrolling as a student in six MOOCs, I have analyzed whether these courses successfully provided students with an informed and critical understanding of the field, as well as creating networks of advocates that can share this knowledge across their communities.
Renewable futures and industrial legacies: Wind and solar sectors in China, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Nahm Jonas
Published: March 2017

This article develops an explanation for patterns of industrial specialization in emerging high-technology industries through a comparative analysis of wind and solar sectors in China, Germany, and the United States. Although governments have held similar industrial policy goals in the support of renewable energy industries, firms in all three economies have established distinct innovative capabilities in response to the policies of the state. This article shows that firms utilize both legacy institutions and engage in relational learning in global networks to carve out distinct niches in emerging industries. Based on an original dataset of more than 200 firm-level interviews, the article suggests that the rise of global value chains has widened the space for national diversity in industrial specialization. Firms no longer have to establish the full range of skills required to bring an idea from lab to market, but can specialize and collaborate with others. In this context, firms respond to industrial policy by incrementally building on existing industrial capabilities and by relying on familiar public resources and institutions, even in emerging industries. These findings point to the role of industrial legacies in shaping firms' positions in global value chains and show that firms are active agents in maintaining distinct industrial specializations and domestic institutions under conditions of globalization.
Merging Outpatient Addiction and Opioid-Maintenance Programs During A Disaster: Lessons From Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Gupta Vishal K. , Hansen Helena , Mendoza Sonia , Chen Xinlin (Linda) , Swift Ronnie G.
Published: March 2017

Objective

After Hurricane Sandy flooded Bellevue Hospital in New York City, its opiate maintenance patients were displaced and Bellevue’s outpatient program was temporarily merged with the program at Metropolitan Hospital for continuation of care. The merger forced Metropolitan to accommodate a program twice as large as its own and required special staff coordination and adjustments in clinical care.

Methods

Physicians, clinicians, and administrators from both institutions participated in interviews regarding the merger.

Results

Issues that emerged in the interviews fell into 4 major themes: (1) organization and meshing of professional cultures, (2) regulation, (3) communication, and (4) accommodations.

Conclusions

Despite these barriers, data collected after the merger showed high retention rates and low rates of positive urine toxicology results. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:531–537)
THE MANUFACTURE, EVALUATION AND CONSERVATION OF CLAY TABLETS INSCRIBED IN CUNEIFORM: TRADITIONAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Reade Julian Edgeworth
Published: March 2017

Knowledge of ancient Middle Eastern history is largely based on written records preserved on clay tablets, but tablets have often been separated from other archaeological artefacts, with erratic consequences. This paper discusses the treatment, distribution and evaluation of tablets since the first major discoveries in 1850, the problems and potential advantages of identifying clay sources and methods of manufacture, the challenges of preserving and recording tablets found in different conditions in the field, and the development of cleaning and long-term conservation techniques. Early experiments in firing tablets at the British Museum and at Babylon were followed by the systematic work of Friedrich Rathgen in Berlin around 1900. While his methods were gradually accepted in principle, there was limited communication among specialists, and independent procedures evolved. The debate on best practice continues.
Wave flows induced by lifting of a rectangular beam partly immersed in shallow water
Authors: Ostapenko Vladimir V. , Kovyrkina Olyana A.
Published: March 2017

Flows induced by vertical lifting of a rectangular beam partly immersed into shallow water in a rectangular prismatic channel with a horizontal bottom are studied within the framework of the long-wave approximation. The beam width coincides with the channel width and the lower and upper planes of the beam are parallel to the channel bottom. The lifting process in the general case consists of three stages. At the first stage, the lower surface of the beam is completely located in the liquid, which ascends following the beam under the action of hydrostatic pressure. At the second stage, the edges of the lower surface of the beam leave the water medium, the wetted part of the beam becomes smaller, and the liquid under this part of the beam move upward. At the beginning of the third stage, the beam is separated from water; as a result, liquid lifting that occurred at the second stage leads to the formation of two diverging waves. The liquid flow in the domain adjacent to the lower surface of the beam is calculated analytically, while the liquid flow outside this domain is obtained by means of numerical calculations by the CABARET (compact accurately boundary-adjusting high-resolution technique) scheme, which provides the second order of accuracy on smooth solutions.
A Systematic Review Investigating the Impact of Modified Varenicline Regimens on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Drovandi Aaron D. , Teague Peta-Ann , Glass Beverley D. , Malau-Aduli Bunmi
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The efficacy of varenicline as a smoking cessation aid is affected by commonly-occurring issues, such as intolerable adverse events, cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and poor medication adherence. Improvement in quit rates may be achieved through tailoring doses relative to individual smokers’ behaviours, and previous experiences with smoking cessation medications.

Aims: The aim of this review is to evaluate smoking cessation outcomes from published randomised controlled trials that have attempted to improve the efficacy and tolerability of varenicline through modifying its dosage regimen compared to placebo.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature up to June 2016 was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials, where varenicline was administered in a regimen not consistent with the current clinical guidelines. Outcome measures evaluated included continuous abstinence rates, changes in cravings, withdrawal symptoms, smoking behaviours, adverse event rates, and premature therapy discontinuations.

Results: Ten randomised controlled trials, encompassing four different modifications to standard varenicline therapy, matched the eligibility criteria. Modifications such as the extended duration of therapy and the use of a flexible quit date were effective compared to placebo and have been implemented into some clinical guidelines, whereas other modifications do not appear to produce any benefit for smokers, or require further research to ascertain their suitability for clinical practice.

Conclusions: Some varenicline therapy modifications may lead to improvements in efficacy and tolerability. Further research on the effect of modifications such as daily doses higher than 2mg, tapering doses, and the use of extended pre-quit varenicline may advance varenicline therapy outcomes.
OBSIDIAN SUB-SOURCES AT THE ZARAGOZA-OYAMELES QUARRY IN PUEBLA, MEXICO: SIMILARITIES WITH ALTOTONGA AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION THROUGHOUT MESOAMERICA
Authors: Knight Charles L. F. , Hu Heng , Glascock Michael D. , Nelson Stephen A.
Published: March 2017

We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla, Mexico. One result of the intensive archaeological surface survey of this obsidian source area was the identification of 117 obsidian flow-band exposures. Geologic samples from 40 of these were submitted for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty-five projectile points collected from the surface were characterized using portable X-ray fluorescence. These analyses identified three sub-sources: Z-O1, Potreros Caldera, and Gomez Sur. The Gomez Sur sub-source appears chemically similar to the previously identified Altotonga source, located 25 km to the northeast. Results of the geological survey help elucidate the relationship of Altotonga obsidian with the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area. The data from the three sub-sources are compared to all consumer site data attributed to the Zaragoza-Oyameles source in the Missouri University Research Reactor database. Results indicate that the majority of consumer samples throughout Mesoamerica match the Z-O1 sub-source, while 4 percent match the Potreros Caldera sub-source. This information, combined with the Gomez Sur data, is discussed in terms of economic relations with the regional center of Cantona. Obsidian procurement and distribution may have been more nuanced than previously modeled. We suggest that a number of potentially independent communities in addition to Cantona may have been involved in distributing this obsidian throughout Mesoamerica.
Relating Ediacaran Fronds
Authors: Dececchi T. Alexander , Narbonne Guy M. , Greentree Carolyn , Laflamme Marc
Published: March 2017

Ediacaran fronds are key components of terminal-Proterozoic ecosystems. They represent one of the most widespread and common body forms ranging across all major Ediacaran fossil localities and time slices postdating the Gaskiers glaciation, but uncertainty over their phylogenetic affinities has led to uncertainty over issues of homology and functional morphology between and within organisms displaying this ecomorphology. Here we present the first large-scale, multigroup cladistic analysis of Ediacaran organisms, sampling 20 ingroup taxa with previously asserted affinities to the Arboreomorpha, Erniettomorpha, and Rangeomorpha. Using a newly derived morphological character matrix that incorporates multiple axes of potential phylogenetically informative data, including architectural, developmental, and structural qualities, we seek to illuminate the evolutionary history of these organisms. We find strong support for existing classification schema and devise apomorphy-based definitions for each of the three frondose clades examined here. Through a rigorous cladistic framework it is possible to discern the pattern of evolution within and between these clades, including the identification of homoplasies and functional constraints. This work both validates earlier studies of Ediacaran groups and accentuates instances in which previous assumptions of their natural history are uninformative.
Functional sensorial complementation during host orientation in an Asilidae parasitoid larva
Authors: Pueyrredon J.M. , Crespo J.E. , Castelo M.K.
Published: March 2017

Changes in environmental conditions influence the performance of organisms in every aspect of their life. Being capable of accurately sensing these changes allow organisms to better adapt. The detection of environmental conditions involves different sensory modalities. There are many studies on the morphology of different sensory structures but not so many studies showing their function. Here we studied the morphology of different sensory structures in the larva of a dipteran parasitoid. We occluded the putative sensory structures coupling the morphology with their function. First, we could develop a non-invasive method in which we occluded the putative sensorial structures annulling their function temporarily. Regarding their functionality, we found that larvae ofMallophora ruficaudarequire simultaneously of the sensilla found both in the antennae and those of the maxillary palps in order to orient to its host. When either both antennae or both maxillary palps were occluded, no orientation to the host was observed. We also found that these structures are not involved in the acceptance of the host because high and similar proportion of parasitized hosts was found in host acceptance experiments. We propose that other sensilla could be involved in host acceptance and discuss how the different sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps complement each other to provide larvae with the information for locating its host.
Catastrophic Asia: An Introduction
Authors: Oakes Tim
Published: March 2017

Catastrophic Asia began as an experimental initiative of the Center for Asian Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. Culminating in a spring 2014 symposium where three of the four papers presented here and earlier versions of the two commentaries were delivered, the project sought to bring together a diversity of perspectives on Asian experiences of and vulnerability to disasters. We sought to collect an unlikely group of scholars whose work is not typically discussed in a single forum. They included natural and physical scientists, anthropologists, geographers, and scholars of literature. The project sought to discover what common epistemological ground might be found when such diverse approaches are brought to bear on catastrophic events, as well as the risks of catastrophe, in a particular area of the world.
Replication research in computer-assisted language learning: Replication of Neri et al. (2008) and Satar & Ӧzdener (2008)
Authors: Handley Zöe
Published: March 2017

This paper argues that key findings from computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research need to be replicated to permit the construction of a valid and reliable evidence-base which can inform the design of future CALL software and activities, together with language teachers’ decisions about their adoption. Through the critical examination of two key studies, the limitations of much current CALL research with respect to the construction of such an evidence-base are highlighted and approaches to replication which may overcome these limitations are discussed. Like much CALL research, both papers are experimental studies. Key issues raised by the two studies are the need to: (1) conduct replications focused on attributes and affordances which transcend multiple technologies which might be employed in CALL, (2) collect process data to increase the explanatory power of studies, and (3) link CALL research to relevant second language acquisition (SLA) theory and research to increase the explanatory power of studies and integrate the findings from individual studies into the CALL and SLA evidence-base more broadly. Emphasis is also placed on the need to conduct replications with different populations in different settings in order to demonstrate the validity and reliability of current findings.
Oocyte morphology and embryo morphokinetics in an intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection programme. Is there a relationship?
Authors: Faramarzi Azita , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Ashourzadeh Sareh
Published: March 2017

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the morphological parameters of metaphase II (MII) oocytes with morphokinetic variables of embryos following an intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure. Morphokinetic behaviour and abnormal cleavage patterns of 334 zygotes were analyzed using time-lapse monitoring (TLM). In addition, oocyte morphology was assessed in relation to embryo morphokinetic (absolute time point, including time to second polar body (PB) extrusion (ESPB), pronuclei (PN) appearance (PNA), PN fading (PNF), time to 2-cells (t2), 3c (t3), 4c (t4), 5c (t5), 6c (t6), 7c (t7), 8c (t8) and relative timing parameters (S1, S2, CC2 and CC3). Also, cleavage patterns (uneven blastomeres, reverse, direct and arbitrary) were assessed. The data showed that 79% of the normal fertilized oocytes had at least one abnormal morphological characteristic. Intra-cytoplasmic abnormalities were observed in 12% of the oocytes. Also, extra-cytoplasmic abnormalities were noticed in 29%, while combined intra- and extra-cytoplasmic abnormalities were responsible for the remaining 38% of the oocytes. Nearly all cleavage and interval times, except extrusion of the ESPB time (P = 0.003), were similar between normal and abnormal morphologic oocytes (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was significant relationship for oocyte morphology abnormalities and cleavage patterns, including uneven blastomere (P = 0.037), reverse cleavage (RC) (P = 0.0), direct (P = 0.001) and arbitrary cleavages (P = 0.001). Using TLM, the cleavage patterns of embryos were affected by the quality of MII oocytes in the ICSI cycles. So, evaluation of oocyte morphology with subsequent embryo morphokinetics is recommended in assisted reproductive programmes.
Context-based Sound and the Ecological Theory of Perception
Authors: Chapman David
Published: March 2017

This article aims to investigate the ways in which context-based sonic art is capable of furthering a knowledge and understanding of place based on the initial perceptual encounter. How might this perceptual encounter operate in terms of a sound work’s affective dimension? To explore these issues I draw upon James J. Gibson’s ecological theory of perception and Gernot Böhme’s concept of an ‘aesthetic of atmospheres’.

Within the ecological model of perception, an individual can be regarded as a ‘perceptual system’: a mobile organism that seeks information from a coherent environment. I relate this concept to notions of the spatial address of environmental sound work in order to explore (a) how the human perceptual apparatus relates to the sonic environment in its mediated form and (b) how this impacts on individuals’ ability to experience such work as complex sonic ‘environments’. Can the ecological theory of perception aid the understanding of how the listener engages with context-based work? In proposing answers to this question, this article advances a coherent analytical framework that may lead us to a more systematic grasp of the ways in which individuals engage aesthetically with sonic space and environment. I illustrate this methodology through an examination of some of the recorded work of sound artist Chris Watson.
Ecologically Grounded Creative Practices in Ubiquitous Music
Authors: Keller Damián , Lazzarini Victor
Published: March 2017

Instrumentally oriented and individualistic approaches dominate the current perspectives on musical interaction and technologically oriented composition. A view that focuses on the broad aspects of creativity support is proposed as a viable theoretical and methodological alternative: ubiquitous music practice. This article summarises several findings in ubiquitous music research, pointing to new theoretical frameworks that tackle the volatile and distributed creativity factors involved in musical activities that take place outside of traditional venues, involving the audience as an active creative partner. A new definition of ubiquitous music is proposed encompassing four components related to the human and the material resources, the emergent properties of musical activities and the design strategies involved in supporting distributed decision making. We highlight the application of embedded-embodied cognition in creative practice, arguing for the adoption of an ecologically grounded framework as an alternative to the mainstream anthropocentric and disembodied acoustic-instrumental paradigms. We discuss the relevance of the new materialist concepts of ecologies and meshworks within artistic creative practice, highlighting the implications of the emergent creativity support methods for context-based composition.
Situated Composition in Emerging Mobile Sound Production Technologies and Practices
Authors: Thulin Samuel
Published: March 2017

This article introduces the concept of ‘situated composition’, examining it in relation to developments in mobile sound production technologies and practices. Situated composition draws attention to the specific circumstances in which sound production and compositional activity take place. With mobile devices and apps offering heightened mobility and ease-of-use, ways of working with sound increasingly may be undertaken in a wide range of contexts outside of controlled environments specifically designed for sound work such as studios. Situated composition emphasises the interconnections between the situation in which composition unfolds and the process of composition, approaching composition as inherently distributed and collaborative in multiple ways. This article begins by considering how to situate mobile audio production apps, then moves on to elaborate the concept of situated composition and investigate specific practices. Drawing primarily on interviews carried out with fourteen composers, sound artists, musicians and producers who use mobile devices and apps in their sound work, as well as on podcasts, forums and my own work as a sound artist, I identify seven approaches to using mobile interfaces, focusing particularly on practitioners’ relationships with the surroundings where compositional activity unfolds.
The Sound Bubble: A context-sensitive space in the space
Authors: Eriksson Martin Ljungdahl , Atienza Ricardo , Pareto Lena
Published: March 2017

The design of sonic environments is in need of more active strategies, taking into account not only the physical but also the social and sensorial aspects of a place. This implies abandoning traditional, mono-disciplinary responses in favour of interdisciplinary methods and approaches. In this study we explored the possibility of inserting context-sensitive sound textures to improve the experience of an activity-based office workplace. For this purpose, we developed the concept of the ‘sound bubble’ – a micro-space in which the user is embedded by a semi-transparent added sound environment that will operate as a subtle sound mask, attracting the attention without needing to hide the disturbing environment. This should help users (the workers) to stay in an ‘everyday listening’ mode. This means, not focusing on the environment in particular but on their tasks, while preserving the link with the surrounding space and activities.
A STUDY ON THE ERROR OF DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHMS FOR BIG DATA CLASSIFICATION WITH SVM
Authors: WANG CHENG , CAO FEILONG
Published: March 2017

The error of a distributed algorithm for big data classification with a support vector machine (SVM) is analysed in this paper. First, the given big data sets are divided into small subsets, on which the classical SVM with Gaussian kernels is used. Then, the classification error of the SVM for each subset is analysed based on the Tsybakov exponent, geometric noise, and width of the Gaussian kernels. Finally, the whole error of the distributed algorithm is estimated in terms of the error of each subset.
Evaluation of a reproducible breath hold technique for the SABR treatment of lower lobe lung tumours
Authors: Barrett S. , Taylor A. , Rock L.
Published: March 2017

Aim

Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is a method of motion management used in stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for lung tumours. An external gating block marker can be used as a tumour motion surrogate, however, inter-fraction gross target volume (GTV) displacement within DIBH occurs. This study measured this displacement during a reproducible breath hold regime. In addition, factors such as position of the gating block marker were analysed.

Methods and materials

A total of 121 cone beam computed tomography scans (CBCTs) from 22 patients who received DIBH SABR were retrospectively evaluated and the magnitude of inter-fraction GTV displacement was calculated for each fraction. This data was analysed to assess if any correlation existed between tumour displacement and variation in the gating block marker position on the patient, the amplitude of breath hold (BH) at computed tomography (CT), the amplitude of BH at treatment and the tumour location.

The measured tumour displacement was applied to the original planning CT to evaluate the dosimetric effect on surrounding organs at risk (OARs) using cumulative dose volume histograms (DVHs).

Results

BH amplitude was reproducible within 0·13±0·1 cm (mean±standard deviation). The magnitude of tumour displacement within BH ranged from 0 to 1·52 cm (0·41±0·28 cm). Displacement in the superior-inferior, anterior-posterior and left-right planes were 0·31±0·26 cm, 0·16±0·18 cm and 0·07±0·12 cm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was detected between tumour displacement within DIBH and the factors investigated. The range of variation in OAR dose was −7·0 to +3·6 Gy with one statistically significant increase in OAR dose observed (oesophagus mean dose increasing by 0·16 Gy).

Findings

Reproducible BH was achievable across a range of patients. Inter-fraction GTV displacement measured 0·41±0·28 cm. Due to this low level of motion, the correction of soft tissue moves did not adversely affect OAR dose.
Maternal low-protein diet in female rat heart: possible protective effect of estradiol
Authors: Braz G. R. F. , Emiliano A. S. , Sousa S. M. , Pedroza A. A. S. , Santana D.F. , Fernandes M. P. , da Silva A. I. , Lagranha C. J.
Published: March 2017

Several studies have shown that maternal low-protein (LP) diet induces detrimental effects in cardiovascular system and oxidative stress in male animals. Additional studies suggested that female has lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. However until present data, the possible effects of estradiol on the undernutrition during gestational and lactation periods are not discussed. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a maternal LP diet during gestational and lactation period on oxidative balance in the female rat hearts ventricles at two ages. Dams were fed with normal protein (NP) or a LP diet during the gestational and lactation period, and their female offspring were divided into age groups (22 or 122 days, corresponding to a low or high estrogen level) composing four experimental groups. Evaluating the nutritional effect showed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and decrease in enzymatic defense in LP-22D compared with NP-22D. In contrast, no changes were observed in malondialdehyde and carbonyls, but an increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the LP-122D compared with NP-122D. The global oxy-score in the LP-22D group indicated a predominance of oxidative damage when compared with NP-22D, while in LP-122D group the global oxy-score was restored to NP-122D levels. Evaluating the estradiol effect, our data show a significant decrease in oxidative stress with increase in CAT and GST activity, associated with increase in intracellular thiols. Our data suggest that in situation with low levels of estradiol, hypoproteic diet during gestation and lactation period has detrimental effects on heart, however when estradiol levels raise, the detrimental effects induced are mitigated.
Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems
Authors: Henson Stephanie A. , Beaulieu Claudie , Ilyina Tatiana , John Jasmin G. , Long Matthew , Séférian Roland , Tjiputra Jerry , Sarmiento Jorge L.
Published: March 2017

Climate change is expected to modify ecological responses in the ocean, with the potential for important effects on the ecosystem services provided to humankind. Here we address the question of how rapidly multiple drivers of marine ecosystem change develop in the future ocean. By analysing an ensemble of models we find that, within the next 15 years, the climate change-driven trends in multiple ecosystem drivers emerge from the background of natural variability in 55% of the ocean and propagate rapidly to encompass 86% of the ocean by 2050 under a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario. However, we also demonstrate that the exposure of marine ecosystems to climate change-induced stress can be drastically reduced via climate mitigation measures; with mitigation, the proportion of ocean susceptible to multiple drivers within the next 15 years is reduced to 34%. Mitigation slows the pace at which multiple drivers emerge, allowing an additional 20 years for adaptation in marine ecological and socio-economic systems alike.
Hidden phase in a two-dimensional Sn layer stabilized by modulation hole doping
Authors: Ming Fangfei , Mulugeta Daniel , Tu Weisong , Smith Tyler S. , Vilmercati Paolo , Lee Geunseop , Huang Ying-Tzu , Diehl Renee D. , Snijders Paul C. , Weitering Hanno H.
Published: March 2017

Semiconductor surfaces and ultrathin interfaces exhibit an interesting variety of two-dimensional quantum matter phases, such as charge density waves, spin density waves and superconducting condensates. Yet, the electronic properties of these broken symmetry phases are extremely difficult to control due to the inherent difficulty of doping a strictly two-dimensional material without introducing chemical disorder. Here we successfully exploit a modulation doping scheme to uncover, in conjunction with a scanning tunnelling microscope tip-assist, a hidden equilibrium phase in a hole-doped bilayer of Sn on Si(111). This new phase is intrinsically phase separated into insulating domains with polar and nonpolar symmetries. Its formation involves a spontaneous symmetry breaking process that appears to be electronically driven, notwithstanding the lack of metallicity in this system. This modulation doping approach allows access to novel phases of matter, promising new avenues for exploring competing quantum matter phases on a silicon platform.