bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Enoturismo na Região Leste do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil) e na Província de Yamanashi (Japão): Similaridades e Assimetrias
Authors: Sato Geni Satiko , Ohe Yasuo , Shimoura Shimpei
Published: August 2015

A pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso exploratório do turismo do vinho, da região leste do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) e da região de Yamanashi, localizada na área central do Japão. A pesquisa em São Paulo foi realizada de fevereiro a agosto de 2013 e o dados levantados em Yamanashi, durante o mês de setembro de 2011. Os resultados indicaram que a principal similaridade entre as regiões foi a preferência do turista pelo day tour. Como principal assimetria constatou-se que em Yamanashi os turistas visitavam a região para realizar degustações e tour nas vinícolas enquanto que em São Paulo a visitação ocorria principalmente, durante as festividades da uva e vinho. Outra diferença identificada foi o investimento que as vinícolas de Yamanashi realizaram para fortalecer o vinho Koshu no mercado internacional.
O processo de revitalização e atividade turística no “Bairro do Recife” (Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil): interposições ao desenvolvimento humano no contexto das teorias das cidades sustentáveis e da Conservação Integrada
Authors: Souza Luis Henrique , Lapa Tomás Albuquerque
Published: August 2015

As cidades sustentáveis e a estratégia da Conservação Integrada põem em relevo a qualidade de vida subjacente aos projetos de intervenção urbana, os quais têm no Turismo uma motivação para suas concretizações. Tomando-se como referência os princípios das cidades sustentáveis e da conservação integrada, neste artigo se tem como objetivo analisar as dificuldades interpostas ao desenvolvimento humano do Bairro do Recife (Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil), decorrentes do processo de revitalização e turistificação deste centro histórico. A pesquisa bibliográfica, a observação sistemática e a análise qualitativa foram os principais recursos metodológicos desta pesquisa realizada no ano de 2013. Os resultados mostraram que as intervenções urbanas no Bairro do Recife reforçaram a exclusão social ao privilegiar as práticas da economia de mercado, ignorando-se o tecido social pré-existente à requalificação, não favorecendo, dessa forma, o desenvolvimento humano do local.
Turismo e meio ambiente: inventário dos temas e autores brasileiros
Authors: Barbosa Alex Sandro , Lopes Mário Marcos , Teixeira Denilson
Published: August 2015

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo inventariar os temas e autores na área de turismo e meio ambiente, suas pesquisas e lacunas existentes neste campo de pesquisa (do ano 1987 para o ano 2006). O inventário é formado por 63 teses e está organizado e analisado sob os seguintes aspectos: caracterização geral, análise disciplinar, temática, autores e procedimentos metodológicos. O inventário dos temas e autores na área de turismo e meio ambiente foi o início das pesquisas que objetivaram analisar a produção acadêmica nessa área. Os dados revelaram que o interesse pela pesquisa estava crescendo nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) pelo Brasil e que diversas áreas do conhecimento com seus variados procedimentos metodológicos estavam pesquisando a relação turismo e meio ambiente, tornando-a, assim, uma área particular de estudo.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 1, Janeiro-Abril de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: August 2015

Capa para compor opção de versão impressa.
Udder health in organic dairy cattle in Northern Spain
Authors: Villar Ana , López-Alonso Marta
Published: August 2015

This paper presents first data on the udder health status of organic dairy farms in Northern Spain and analyses some management and productive characteristics related to milk production comparing with the conventional sector. Five certified organic farms from the Cantabrian Region were monitored monthly from February 2006 to January 2008 and individual samples of all lactating cows were taken from parturition to the end of lactation. Although organic farms in our study showed a great individual variability, overall these were small (<50 lactating cows) traditional farms, with a high degree of pasture (66-82% dry matter intake) and a milk production (average milk yield: 5950 L) 23% lower compared with the reference conventional sector (<50 cow farms). The organic farms had higher (p<0.05) average number of calves per cow (3.93) and a lower number of first-lactation cows (16.9%) than the comparable conventional farms (2.47 calves per cow and 33.1% first-lactation cows). Organic farms showed higher (p<0.05) somatic cell counts (SCC) than the reference conventional farms (mean log10±SD for all cows: 5.25±0.49 and 5.06±0.59, respectively). Detailed analysis of the SCC depending on the number of lactation and % of monthly SCC tests with linear scores indicative of udder infection suggest that while the heifers’ sanitary condition at the beginning of their productive cycle was similar in both types of farms, this seems to become worse along the productive cycle in the organics. This could be related to a low use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of udder infections and merits further investigation.
The effect of transport density and gender on stress indicators and carcass and meat quality in pigs
Authors: Pereira Thuanny L. , Corassa Anderson , Komiyama Cláudia M. , Araújo Cláudio V. , Kataoka Alessandra
Published: August 2015

A total of 168 finishing pigs were used to investigate the effects of gender (barrows and gilts) and transport densities for slaughter (236, 251, and 275 kg/m²) on stress indicators and carcass and pork quality. The animals transported at 251 kg/m² (T251) presented cortisol values below those at 236 kg/m2 (T236), but no different from those at 275 kg/m2 (T275). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values in pigs transported at T236 were the lowest. The blood components did not differ between T236 and T275. The pH values at 45 min (pH45) and at 24 h (pH24) postmortem were higher for pigs subjected to T236. However, the pH45 was higher at T251 than at T275, but pH24 was lower at T251 than at T275. The lightness values in the muscles of the pigs transported at T236 and T251 were higher than those at T275. Lower drip loss values were observed in the muscle of animals at T251. Carcasses of pigs at T236 contained more 1–5 cm lesions while those at T275 contained more 5–10 cmlesions in sections of loin. No significant effects of gender were found on the stress indicators, blood components, pH45, pH24, color, drip loss or carcass lesions in general. These results indicate that the pre-slaughter transport of pigs at densities of 251 kg/m² generates less physiological damage and smaller losses on carcass and pork quality irrespective of gender.
Short communication. The role of rabbit density and the diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops in olive groves
Authors: Guerrero-Casado José , Carpio Antonio J. , Prada Laura M. , Tortosa Francisco S.
Published: August 2015

Cover crops are an effective means to reduce soil erosion and to provide food and shelter for wildlife. However, in areas of intensive farming, which are characterised by the scarcity of weed communities, wild herbivores may focus their grazing on cover crops, which could make their implementation difficult. In this work, we test whether rabbit grazing can prevent the growth of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves in Southern Spain in addition to assessing the role of rabbit abundance and diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops. This question has been addressed by sowing Bromus rubens between the rows of five olive groves in Cordoba province (Spain). We then monitored the surface covered by B. rubens, along with both diversity of weed communities and rabbit abundance. Two rabbit exclusion areas were also placed in each olive grove in order to assess the impact of rabbits on the development of cover crops. Our results showed that the surface occupied by B. rubens was considerably higher in the rabbit exclusion areas (mean 56.8 ± 5.65 %) than in those areas in which they could feed (mean 35.6 ± 4.32 %). The coverage occupied by cover crops was higher in areas with lower rabbit density, although this relationship was modulated by the weed diversity index, since in areas with the same rabbit abundance the coverage was higher in those with a richer weed community. These findings suggest that high rabbit abundances can prevent the development of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves, particularly in areas in which alternative food resources (measured as weed diversity) are scarce.
Fractional-order mathematical model of an irrigation main canal pool
Authors: Calderon-Valdez Shlomi N. , Feliu-Batlle Vicente , Rivas-Perez Raul
Published: August 2015

In this paper a fractional order model for an irrigation main canal is proposed. It is based on the experiments developed in a laboratory prototype of a hydraulic canal and the application of a direct system identification methodology. The hydraulic processes that take place in this canal are equivalent to those that occur in real main irrigation canals and the results obtained here can therefore be easily extended to real canals. The accuracy of the proposed fractional order model is compared by deriving two other integer-order models of the canal of a complexity similar to that proposed here. The parameters of these three mathematical models have been identified by minimizing the Integral Square Error (ISE) performance index existing between the models and the real-time experimental data obtained from the canal prototype. A comparison of the performances of these three models shows that the fractional-order model has the lowest error and therefore the higher accuracy. Experiments showed that our model outperformed the accuracy of the integer-order models by about 25%, which is a significant improvement as regards to capturing the canal dynamics.
Comparison of the growth and biomass production of Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus and Saccharum arundinaceum
Authors: Feng Xuping , He Yongqing , Fang Jia , Fang Zongxiang , Jiang Bo , Brancourt-Hulmel Maryse , Zheng Bingsong , Jiang Dean
Published: August 2015

Miscanthus and Saccharum are considered excellent candidates for bioenergy feedstock production. A field experiment was conducted in Zhejiang province of China to characterize the phenotypic differences in three species, two of Miscanthus (M. sinensis and M. floridulus) and one of Saccharum (S. arundinaceum), each with two accessions collected from China. Agronomical traits, including plant height, culm number, tuft diameter and culm diameter, were monitored monthly for the first 3 years of growth. For each year of trail, flowering time was observed and biomass yield was harvested. M. floridulus produced a superior biomass yield with increasing plant age associated with higher yields (4.18, 24.16 and 29.01 t dry matter/hain November of years one to three, respectively). Higher culm diameter, plant height and tuft diameter values were observed for M. floridulus when compared to the other species. Biomass yield was positively correlated to tuft diameter, culm diameter, culm number and negatively to flowering time, but it showed no correlation with plant height. Tuft diameter and culm diameter could be suitable indicators in the selection of accessions for crop yield at the yield-building phase. Studies of the primary colonizers of Miscanthus and Saccharum in their original location may be of interest from the perspective of bioenergy germplasm resource collection.
Beef animal welfare, attitudes and Willingness to Pay: A regional comparison across the Pyrenees
Authors: Sans Pierre , Sanjuán-López Ana I.
Published: August 2015

Attitudes towards beef animal welfare (AW) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for AW certification are investigated among consumers in two Spanish and two French regions located on both sides of the Pyrenees (n=1213). Attitudes were measured through a scale of 11 animal practices, on which, consumers report their degree of concern and trust on the supply chain compliance. Attitudes significantly differed across regions, especially with respect to those AW practices carried out by farmers, while trust lies behind concerns. Three segments based on individual consumer attitudes are defined by opposing those consumers who are more concerned and who trust more on the compliance with AW standards (n=264, 22%) to those less concerned and who are more uncertain about stakeholders´ compliance with AW rules (n=356, 29%). Consumer location, gender, age and education significantly differed across attitudinal clusters. Results from a contingent valuation survey show that WTP for certified animal friendly beef ranged between 20.6% and 22.6% over the average market price of standard beef, in Spain and France, respectively. Both, consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics and habits regarding beef meat purchasing and attitudes towards farmers influenced this WTP (the more consumers trust in farmers’ involvement in animal welfare, the highest is their WTP), while a negative overall attitude significantly reduced WTP.
Short communication. Phenological growth stages of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) according to the BBCH Scale
Authors: Lopez-Corcoles Horacio , Brasa-Ramos Antonio , Montero-Garcia Francisco , Romero-Valverde Miguel , Montero-Riquelme Francisco
Published: August 2015

Phenological studies are important for understanding the influence of climate dynamics on vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting on plants and can be used in many scientific subjects, such as Agronomy, Botany and Plant Biology, but also Climatology as a result of the current global interest in climate change monitoring. The purpose of the detailed specific culture descriptions of the principal growth stages in plants is to provide an instrument for standardization of data recording. To date, there was no coding method to describe developmental stages on saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Because of the increasing world-wide interest on this crop, a novel growth development code based on the BBCH extended scale is proposed in this paper. Six principal growth stages were set up, starting from sprouting, cataphylls and flowers appearance, plant appearance and development, replacement corms development, plant senescence and corm dormancy. Each principal growth stage is subdivided into secondary growth stages. Descriptive keys with illustrations are included to make effective use of the system.
Effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations in maize diallel experiment
Authors: Kahriman Fatih , Egesel Cem Ömer , Zorlu Eren
Published: August 2015

This study investigated the effects of open- and self-pollination treatments on genetic estimations and kernel biochemical content in a maize diallel experiment. A 7×7 complete reciprocal diallel set (7 parents and 42 hybrids) was used as plant material. Measured traits were: kernel weight per plant, protein content, oil content and carbohydrate content. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects (MAT), non-maternal effects (NMAT) and heterosis values were compared in open- and self-pollination treatments for measured traits. Results showed that the pollination treatments had a significant effect on all investigated traits. Parental lines and hybrid combinations gave different responses. Parents had relatively higher protein and oil content in self-pollination but hybrids had lower values in self-pollination compared with open-pollination. A considerable number of genotypes showed significant differences for genetic estimations (GCA, SCA, MAT, NMAT) and heterosis between open- and self-pollination treatments. Overall, findings suggest that evaluation of kernel quality traits should be made on selfed ear samples; however, evaluation for yield should be carried out on open-pollinated samples.
Comparison of ovarian maturation and spawning after unilateral eyestalk ablation of wild-caught and pond-reared Penaeus monodon
Authors: Wen Weigeng , Yang Qibin , Ma Zhenhua , Jiang Shigui , Qiu Lihua , Huang Jianhua , Zhou Falin , Qin Jian G.
Published: August 2015

The present study compares the efficiency of ovarian maturation and spawning success between wild-caught and pond-reared Penaeus monodon females after unilateral eyestalk ablation. The earliest spawning time after eyestalk ablation was 5.9 days in wild-caught females, which is significantly shorter than the spawning time in pond-reared females (10.5 days). Both wild-caught and pond-reared females repeatedly spawned after eyestalk ablation. On average, each wild-caught female spawned 2.94 times while each pond-reared female spawned only 1.09 times. The spawning induction rate, egg hatching rate, and the number of eggs per spawning were significantly greater in wild-caught females than in pond-reared females. However, the egg size was not significantly different between wild-caught and pond-reared females. Four shrimp sizes (60, 80, 100 and 120 (± 1.0) g) were tested in this study and body weight significantly affected ovarian induction in pond-reared females but not in wild-caught females. Within the same body-weight class, the egg number per spawn in wild-caught females was significantly greater than that in pond-reared females. The egg production per spawn of the pond-reared females in the 120-g size group was two times higher than that in the pond-reared females in the 80-g size group. In conclusion, the fecundity of wild-caught P. monodon females is significantly higher than that of pond-reared P. monodon females. In breeding pond-reared P. monodon, the recommended minimum body weight of females is over 80 g, and the desirable body weight is over 100 g.
Overcoming Barriers and Increasing Independence – Service Robots for Elderly and Disabled People
Authors: Hersh Marion
Published: August 2015

The paper discusses the potential of assistive service robots to support disabled and elderly people. It shows that they have considerable untapped potential in this area, but also that inappropriate implementations could increase isolation, reduce independence and lead to users feeling as though they are under surveillance. The main body of the paper presents an overview of existing applications and discusses their benefits and potential problems. This is organized by an extension of the common classification into socially and physically assistive robots by the two categories of sensory assistive and mixed assistance robots. Another more detailed classification is also presented. This discussion is introduced by an overview of many of the technological components of smart mobile robots. It is followed by a discussion of user acceptance. The problems of existing models based on either solely positive or solely negative factors are noted and a model containing both types of factors is proposed. The need for continuing research is noted and various proposals are made.
Method of Grasping Control by Computing Internal and External Impedances for Two Robot Fingers, and Its Application to Admittance Control of a Robot Hand-Arm System
Authors: Huang Jian , Sano Yoshinori , Hori Ryota , Hori Takayuki , Yabuta Tetsuro
Published: August 2015

Impedance control is an important technology used in the grasping control of a robot hand. Numerous studies related to grasping algorithms have been reported in recent years, with the contact force between robot fingers and the object to be grasped being primarily discussed in most cases. Generally, a coupling effect occurs between the internal loop of the grasping operation and the external loop of the interaction with the environment when a multi-fingered robot hand is used to complete a contact task. Therefore, a robot hand cannot hold an object using a large external force to complete a wide range of tasks by applying the conventional method. In this paper, the coupling of the internal/external forces occurring in grasping operations using multiple fingers is analysed. Then, improved impedance control based on the previous method is proposed as an effective tool to solve the problem of grasping failure caused by single-finger contact. Furthermore, a method for applying the improved grasping algorithm to the admittance control of a robot hand-arm system is also proposed. The proposed method divides the impedance effect into the grasping control of the hand and the cooperative control of the arm, so that expanding the task space and increasing the flexibility of impedance adjustment can be achieved. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of the pH Value of Synthesis Conditions on the Phase Structure and Photocatalytic Properties of Bismuth Molybdates Synthesized Using a Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Li Heping , Teng Weixiu , Cui Linfan , Jiao Tifeng
Published: August 2015

Bismuth molybdate single-crystallites were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method at different pH values. The as-fabricated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); it has been found that the pH values of the precursors can significantly influence the structures of the products. Under the Bi/Mo ratio of 2:1 conditions (a nominal composition of Aurivillius structure), low pH leads to the formation of γ-Bi2MoO6 with Aurivillius type structure, while neutral and higher pH values lead to the formation of γ-Bi2MoO6/Bi2O3 composite, and Bi2O3, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the samples with different structures were measured for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Among the as-fabricated bismuth molybdate samples, the γ-Bi2MoO6 exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency to the γ-Bi2MoO6/Bi2O3 composite and the Bi2O3, mainly due to its unique layered Aurivillius structure, smaller band gap structures and smaller particle sizes.
A Comparison of Crowding Differential Evolution Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization Problems
Authors:   Ankara University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara, Turkey, Altinoz O. Tolga
Published: August 2015

Multimodal problems are related to locating multiple, redundant global optima, as opposed to single solution. In practice, generally in engineering problems it is desired to obtain many redundant solutions instead of single global optima since the available resources cannot be enough or not possible to implement the solution in real-life. Hence, as a toolbox for finding multimodal solutions, modified single objective algorithms can able to use. As one of the fundamental modification, from one of the niching schemes, crowding method was applied to Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to solve multimodal problems and frequently preferred to compared with developed methods. Therefore, in this study, eight different DE are considered/evaluated on ten benchmark problems to provide best possible DE algorithm for crowding operation. In conclusion, the results show that the time varying scale mutation DE algorithm outperforms against other DE algorithms on benchmark problems.
Regression Test Case Selection for MultiObjective Optimization Using Metaheuristics
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Noida, India, Chaudhary Rahul , Agrawal Arun Prakash
Published: August 2015

A new heuristic algorithm is proposed by this paper, on multi-objective optimization using metaheuristics and TSP (travelling salesman problems). Basic thinking behind this algorithm is minimizing the TSP path or tour by dividing the entire tour into blocks that are overlapped to each other and then improve each individual block separately. Although it is unproven that a good solution have small improvement chances if a node moved far way to a position compared to its original solution. By intensively searching each block, further improvement is possible in TSP path or tour that never be supported in various search methods and genetic algorithm. Proposed algorithm and computational experiment performance was tested, and these tests are carried out with support of already present instances of problem. According to the results represented by paper, the computation verifies that proposed algorithm can solve TSPs efficiently. Proposed algorithm is then used for selecting optimal test cases, thousands of those test cases which are selected after confirming that they identify bugs and they itself selected from a repository of test cases; these thousand test cases are those test cases which are selected from several thousand test cases because they detect bugs. Few test cases from repository act as milestones (nodes) and having certain weight associated with each, proposed algorithm based on TSP implemented over selected result and select the optimal result or path or solution. These selected optimal test cases or selected path are further used to perform the regression testing, by applying those test cases selected by proposed algorithm in order to remove most of the faults or bugs effectively, i.e. take less time and identify almost all the bugs with few test cases. Hence this proposed algorithm assures most effective solution for regression testing test case selection.
PTSLGA: A Provenance Tracking System for Linked Data Generating Application
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, Sharma Kumar , Marjit Ujjal , Biswas Utpal
Published: August 2015

Tracking provenance of RDF resources is an important task in Linked Data generating applications. It takes on a central function in gathering information as well as workflow. Various Linked Data generating applications have evolved for converting legacy data to RDF resources. These data belong to bibliographic, geographic, government, publications, and cross-domains. However, most of them do not support tracking data and workflow provenance for individual RDF resources. In such cases, it is required for those applications to track, store and disseminate provenance information describing their source data and involved operations. In this article, we introduce an approach for tracking provenance of RDF resources. Provenance information is tracked during the conversion process and it is stored into the triple store. Thereafter, this information is disseminated using provenance URIs. The proposed framework has been analyzed using Harvard Library Bibliographic Datasets. The evaluation has been made on datasets through converting legacy data into RDF and Linked Data with provenance. The outcome has been quiet promising in the sense that it enables data publishers to generate relevant provenance information while taking less time and efforts.
Children’s Day, Book Day: Embracing Cultures, Community, and Books through Día
Authors: Wallace Beatriz Pascual
Published: August 2015

Children’s Day, Book Day. El día de los niños/El día de los libros. Día for short. Día as an acronym for Diversity in Action. By either name, this commitment to and celebration of multicultural and multilingual literacy is a creative opportunity for libraries to help children build the awareness they need to get along in our increasingly global and diverse world. We will look at ways several libraries are successfully implementing this literacy initiative, which celebrates its twentieth anniversary next year.
Everyday Advocacy: “Verbing” Diversity
Authors: Nemec-Loise Jenna
Published: August 2015

The glorious Jacqueline Woodson has said, “Diversity is about all of us, and about us having to figure out how to walk through this world together.”As someone who has struggled these many moons to pinpoint what “diversity” means for libraries, I’m blown away by this definition. Only Jackie could capture the essence of such a complex idea while at the same time drawing out its intentionality and purposefulness. Diversity isn’t just something we think about. It’s something we do.
Fitting Planar Graphs on Planar Maps
Authors: Alam Md. Jawaherul , Kaufmann Michael , Kobourov Stephen , Mchedlidze Tamara
Published: August 2015

Graph and cartographic visualization have the common objective to provide
intuitive understanding of some underlying data. We consider a problem
that combines aspects of both by studying the problem of fitting planar
graphs on planar maps.
After providing an NP-hardness result for the general decision problem,
we identify sufficient conditions so that a fit is possible on a map with rectangular regions.
We generalize our techniques to non-convex rectilinear polygons, where we also address
the problem of efficient distribution of the vertices inside the map regions.
Scepticisme et politique. Le cas Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Warville1
Authors: Charles Sébastien
Published: August 2015

Scepticisme et politique apparaissent comme des termes antinomiques, le scepticisme n’encourageant aucune position politique, et la politique se définissant par une action guidée par des idéaux plutôt que par l’irrésolution et la suspension du jugement. Dans ce contexte, le cas Brissot de Warville a tout du paradoxe, puisque ce dernier s’est tour à tour présenté comme un sceptique radical et comme un agitateur politique dévoué à la cause révolutionnaire. Cet article vise à comprendre les divers positionnements de Brissot, de son adoption d’un pyrrhonisme universel dans un manuscrit de jeunesse, qui se veut en rupture avec le pyrrhonisme raisonnable adopté généralement au xviiie siècle, à un engagement politique sans concession, qui semble remettre en cause ses convictions de jeunesse. Par-delà le cas Brissot, ce retournement spectaculaire permettra de montrer en quoi un pyrrhonisme extrême était tout bonnement intenable au siècle des Lumières, et comment les conditions sociohistoriques et politiques ont influencé une redéfinition du scepticisme en particulier, et de la philosophie en général, conduisant le philosophe à prendre peu à peu la posture de l’intellectuel engagé, et à rompre avec l’indifférence du scepticisme antique à l’égard de la chose politique.
L’abbé de Mably, entre modérantisme et radicalité
Authors: Roza Stéphanie
Published: August 2015

Le présent article se propose de réexaminer la question de la réception, sous la Révolution française, de l’oeuvre de Mably, penseur oublié aujourd’hui, mais extrêmement fameux et important pour la période qui nous occupe. Il s’agit de montrer que, contrairement à ce que certains commentateurs ont soutenu, Mably n’est pas un penseur « conservateur » rétrospectivement travesti en précurseur éclairé de la Révolution. Au-delà de sa prudence stratégique et de son pessimisme quant à la conjoncture de son temps, qui ont pu l’amener à renoncer au combat direct pour des réformes d’ampleur, ses analyses ont fondamentalement contribué à la critique radicale des institutions de l’Ancien Régime et de l’inégalité sociale. En cela, les révolutionnaires ne se sont pas trompés en voyant en lui une de leurs sources d’inspiration.
De l’autorité et la Révolution. Une alternative paradigmatique au discours antiphilosophique
Authors: Münch Philippe
Published: August 2015

Cet article vise à explorer un paradigme discursif peu abordé par l’historiographie de la Révolution française : le paradigme de l’autorité. Il a été défendu par des auteurs contre-révolutionnaires modérés comme Mallet du Pan, Mounier, Sénac de Meilhan. Pour expliquer l’origine de la Révolution française, ceux-ci ont soutenu la thèse d’un écroulement interne de la monarchie. Le défaut d’autorité aurait favorisé le développement des luttes de pouvoir et des violences inhérentes à celles-ci. Point de complot à la Barruel ou de Providence à la de Maistre pour expliquer l’événement révolutionnaire. Une fine analyse politique de la décomposition du pouvoir monarchique permettrait ainsi de comprendre la dynamique révolutionnaire née de 1789. Pour ce faire, les auteurs de ce paradigme doivent défendre l’héritage de la philosophie des Lumières à travers un longue polémique qui marquera toute la décennie révolutionnaire et constituera le principal débat au sein de la culture politique contre-révolutionnaire.
Une langue nourricière, politique de la prose (Rousseau, Sand)
Authors: Beaulieu Étienne
Published: August 2015

L’abbé Grégoire (1750-1831) n’est pas à proprement parler un oublié de la Révolution française, mais sa politique linguistique d’éradication des patois sous la Constituante et la Convention passe, elle, souvent inaperçue, alors qu’elle pose un jalon capital dans la longue durée de l’histoire de la langue française. C’est en regard d’une politique du livre héritée des Lumières et de son préjugé favorable à la lettre que l’abbé Grégoire tente de mettre en place une politique répressive des dialectes et patois afin de faire entrer la différence de la phonê dans la gramma. Cette manière de voir les rapports entre langue et patois aura des conséquences politiques et littéraires tout au long du xixe siècle, perceptibles chez George Sand notamment, dont le roman Jeanne (1844) donne à lire les conséquences directes d’une folklorisation des langues marginales, les repoussant du côté d’une divinisation poétique dorénavant dépourvue d’efficace sociale.
The vacuole/lysosome is required for cell-cycle progression
Authors: Jin Yui , Weisman Lois S
Published: August 2015

Organelles are distributed to daughter cells, via inheritance pathways. However, it is unclear whether there are mechanisms beyond inheritance, which ensure that organelles are present in all cells. Here we present the unexpected finding that the yeast vacuole plays a positive essential role in initiation of the cell-cycle. When inheritance fails, a new vacuole is generated. We show that this occurs prior to the next cell-cycle, and gain insight into this alternative pathway. Moreover, we find that a combination of a defect in inheritance with an acute block in the vacuole biogenesis results in the loss of a functional vacuole and a specific arrest of cells in early G1 phase. Furthermore, this role for the vacuole in cell-cycle progression requires an intact TORC1-SCH9 pathway that can only signal from a mature vacuole. These mechanisms may serve as a checkpoint for the presence of the vacuole/lysosome.
Normative evidence accumulation in unpredictable environments
Authors: Glaze Christopher M , Kable Joseph W , Gold Joshua I
Published: August 2015

In our dynamic world, decisions about noisy stimuli can require temporal accumulation of evidence to identify steady signals, differentiation to detect unpredictable changes in those signals, or both. Normative models can account for learning in these environments but have not yet been applied to faster decision processes. We present a novel, normative formulation of adaptive learning models that forms decisions by acting as a leaky accumulator with non-absorbing bounds. These dynamics, derived for both discrete and continuous cases, depend on the expected rate of change of the statistics of the evidence and balance signal identification and change detection. We found that, for two different tasks, human subjects learned these expectations, albeit imperfectly, then used them to make decisions in accordance with the normative model. The results represent a unified, empirically supported account of decision-making in unpredictable environments that provides new insights into the expectation-driven dynamics of the underlying neural signals.
Cystic Fibrosis: A Novel Pharmacologic Approach to Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Modulation Therapy
Authors: Virant-Young Deborah , Thomas Justin , Woiderski Sarah , Powers Michelle , Carlier Joseph , McCarty James , Kupchick Tyler , Larder Anthony
Published: August 2015

Therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) has progressed during the past several decades. Much of this progress is because of advances in genetic testing to precisely identify the underlying cause of CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. However, with more than 1900 mutations that can produce a faulty CFTR, the management of CF can remain a challenge. Several innovative drugs recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, termed genetic modulators, target the underlying disease by modulating the CFTR defect. This review provides physicians with an established simple classification scheme to guide their use of these drugs. The treatment challenge of 1900 CFTR mutations has been simplified into 6 physiologic classes, each paired with an available therapy to offer patients the most functional improvement. Drug therapy monitoring, adverse effects, and indications for discontinuation must also be considered.
Effect of Table Trainer–to-Student Ratios on Outcome in Student Assessments of Cervical Muscle Energy Techniques
Authors: Snider Karen T. , Dowling Dennis J. , Seffinger Michael A. , Channell Millicent K. , Yao Sheldon C. , Gustowski Sharon M. , Johnson Jane C. , Pryor Martin J.
Published: August 2015

Context: Improving the acquisition of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) skills may increase student confidence and later use of OMT. A first step in this process is determining the optimal table trainer–to-student ratio (TTR).

Objective: To determine the effect of TTR on knowledge and skill acquisition of cervical muscle energy OMT techniques in first-year osteopathic medical students.

Methods: First-year students at 3 colleges of osteopathic medicine received instruction on cervical diagnosis and muscle energy techniques at 1 of 3 workshops, each having a different TTR (1:4, 1:8, or 1:16). Written assessments were conducted immediately before and after the workshop and again 2 weeks later to test retention of the knowledge acquired. Practical assessments were conducted immediately after the workshop and 2 weeks later to test retention of the skills acquired and were graded for technical and proficiency elements.

Results: Ninety-two students completed pre- and postworkshop assessments, and 86 completed the retention assessment. No difference was found between TTRs on the preworkshop, postworkshop, and retention written scores (P≥.15). Postworkshop written assessment scores were highest, followed by retention scores; preworkshop scores were lowest (P<.001). Although the mean (SD) postworkshop practical scores for the 1:4 and 1:8 TTR workshop groups (266.3 [43.1] and 250.6 [47.5], respectively) were higher than those for the 1:16 TTR groups (230.3 [62.2]), the difference was not significant (P=.06). For the retention practical assessment scores, no significant difference was found between TTRs (P=.19). A significant interaction was noted between TTR and the timing of practical assessments; scores declined from postworkshop to retention assessments for the 1:4 (P=.04) and 1:8 (P=.02) TTR workshop groups but not the 1:16 TTR workshop groups (P=.21). Student order in paired student demonstrations also had a significant effect on technical scores (P≤.03); students who demonstrated techniques second had higher scores than those who demonstrated techniques first.

Conclusion: The TRR had no significant effect on written or practical assessment scores. Practical assessment scores for the 1:4 and 1:8 TTRs declined significantly between postworkshop and retention assessments. Future studies with more statistical power will be necessary to determine the effect of TTRs on student learning. The current study also found that student order in paired demonstrations may affect practical assessment scores, because the second-demonstrating student scored higher than the first; colleges of osteopathic medicine should therefore consider randomizing student order during practical assessments.
Empowering Users to Game Dovelopment Platform for Visually Impaired Student
Authors: Damnuy Narin , Witosurapot Suntorn , Matayong Sureena
Published: August 2015

Computer-exercise game is well served for visually impaired students to engage their physical and mental health exercises. However, these type of games are increasingly unchallenged for long-term usage due to apathy patterns and restricted contents. In this paper, we describe how such drawbacks can be avoided by offering the game development platform. The platform provides a service-based architecture, which empowers teachers to build or to customize numerous game designs for entertainment and learning purpose without jeopardy. Based on our evaluation study, we found evidence that teachers of visually impaired students are satisfied with the game development approach in terms of system reliability and software usability. In addition, the teachers also have very good perception in the aspects of trust, responsiveness, applicability, usefulness and enthusiasm toward the game development approach.
Association of Fat Mass and Adipokines With Foot Pain in a Community Cohort
Authors: Walsh Tom P. , Gill Tiffany K. , Evans Angela M. , Yaxley Alison , Shanahan E. Michael , Hill Catherine L.
Published: August 2015

Objective

To determine, first, if fat mass index (FMI) or fat‐free mass index (FFMI) and serum adipokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) are associated with prevalent (stage 2) foot pain, and, second, if they are predictive of future (stage 3) foot pain.

Methods

A subset of participants ages ≥50 years (n = 1,462) from the North West Adelaide Health Study were used for this study. Participants from this community cohort were asked in stage 2 (2004–2006) and stage 3 (2008–2010) if they had foot pain, aching, or stiffness. In stage 2, serum adipokines and anthropometry were measured, while body composition was analyzed with dual x‐ray absorptiometry. These variables, along with comorbidities and social history, were used in logistic regression analyses to determine if FMI, FFMI, and serum adipokines were associated with foot pain.

Results

Prevalent foot pain was present in 20.2% of participants, and future foot pain in 36.4%. Following multivariate modeling, the odds of having pain at stage 2 increased by 8% for each FMI unit (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04–1.12), while the odds of having pain at stage 3 increased by 6% for each FMI unit at stage 2 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11). TNF level, IL‐6 level, and FFMI were not associated with pain.

Conclusion

Increased FMI, but not body mass index, FFMI, or TNF or IL‐6 level, was associated with both prevalent and future foot pain. These results suggest that body fat may be more important than body weight with respect to foot pain. The role played by other adipokines requires further investigation.
Interaction dynamics of a spherical particle with a suspended liquid film
Authors: Mitra Subhasish , Doroodchi Elham , Evans Geoffrey M. , Pareek Vishnu , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B.
Published: August 2015

Hydrodynamics of collision interactions between a particle and gas‐liquid interface such as droplet/film is of keen interest in many engineering applications. The collision interaction between a suspended liquid (water) film of thickness 3.41 ± 0.04 mm and an impacting hydrophilic particle (glass ballotini) of different diameters (1.1–3.0 mm) in low particle impact Weber number (
) range (1.4–33) is reported. Two distinct outcomes were observed—particle retention in the film at lower Weber number and complete penetration of the film toward higher Weber number cases. A collision parameter was defined based on energy balance approach to demarcate these two interaction regimes which agreed reasonably well with the experimental outcomes. It was shown that the liquid ligament forming in the complete penetration cases breaks up purely by “dripping/end pinch‐off” mechanism and not due to capillary wave instability. An analytical model based on energy balance approach was proposed to determine the liquid mass entrainment associated with the ligament which compared well with the experimental measurements. A good correlation between the %film mass entrained and the particle Bond number (
) was obtained which indicated a dependency of Bo1.72. Computationally, a three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate these interactions using different contact angle boundary conditions which in general showed reasonable agreement with experiment but also indicated deficiency of a constant contact angle value to depict the interaction physics in entirety. The computed force profiles from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suggest dominance of the pressure force over the viscous force almost by an order of magnitude in all the Weber number cases studied. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 295–314, 2016
Spectroscopic Characterization of 1‐­Naphth­yl Isocyanate Anion Radical and of Tris(1‐naphthyl) Isocyanurate Atropisomers
Authors: Peters Steven J. , Kassabaum Mark E. , Nocella Michael K. , McDonald Robert
Published: August 2015

Room‐temperature potassium metal reduction of 1‐naphthyl isocyanate in THF results in a rapid cyclotrimerization (initiated by the 1‐naphthyl isocyanate anion radical) that generates two diastereoisomers (atropisomers) of tris(1‐naphthyl) isocyanurate. The formation of the syn and anti diastereoisomers was monitored by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Upon completion of the cyclotrimerization, the two diastereoisomers were isolated, and their configuration was assigned by NMR spectroscopy. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic C2/c space group, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses confirm the structures of both isomeric forms. The results from this study prove that alkali metal reduction of isocyanates is a convenient and rapid method for generating isocyanurate compounds even when a sterically bulky substituent is attached to the NCO moiety.
Publication patterns in developmental psychology: Trends and social networks
Authors: Dobermann Darja , Hamilton Ian S.
Published: August 2015

Interest in publication patterns has been steady. Journals have instituted policies in an effort to curb bias and provide globally representative research. This study aimed to examine if publication patterns were present in two developmental psychology journals. It also explored the social networks of prominent authors and the prevalence of informal author–editor relationships, searching for any potential power groups. Data were taken from empirical articles published between 2005 and 2014 in Child Development (CD) and The International Journal of Early Childhood (IJEC) data points were geographical authorship affiliation, informal author relationships as established by co‐publishing, and connections to journal editors via identical affiliation. Results confirmed the previously established North American dominance in published research. In CD a strongly interlinked social network was identified between authors over the 10 years, with 15 chief influentialists binding groups of authors together. Results suggest that patterns are still present in published research in the realm of developmental psychology. To conclude, the potential implications of these patterns within developmental psychology are presented.