bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ergonomic and unergonomic human lifting behaviors by using Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Kuschan Jan , Schmidt Henning , Krüger Jörg
Published: June 2020

This paper presents an analysis of two distinct human lifting movements regarding acceleration and angular velocity. For the first movement, the ergonomic one, the test persons produced the lifting power by squatting down, bending at the hips and knees only. Whereas performing the unergonomic one they bent forward lifting the box mainly with their backs. The measurements were taken by using a vest equipped with five Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) with 9 Dimensions of Freedom (DOF) each. In the following the IMU data captured for these two movements will be evaluated using statistics and visualized. It will also be discussed with respect to their suitability as features for further machine learning classifications. The reason for observing these movements is that occupational diseases of the musculoskeletal system lead to a reduction of the workers’ quality of life and extra costs for companies. Therefore, a vest, called CareJack, was designed to give the worker a real-time feedback about his ergonomic state while working. The CareJack is an approach to reduce the risk of spinal and back diseases. This paper will also present the idea behind it as well as its main components.
Modular finger and hand motion capturing system based on inertial and magnetic sensors
Authors: Valtin Markus , Salchow Christina , Seel Thomas , Laidig Daniel , Schauer Thomas
Published: June 2020

The assessment of hand posture and kinematics is increasingly important in various fields. This includes the rehabilitation of stroke survivors with restricted hand function. This paper presents a modular, ambulatory measurement system for the assement of the remaining hand function and for closed-loop controlled therapy. The device is based on inertial sensors and utilizes up to five interchangeable sensor strips to achieve modularity and to simplify the sensor attachment. We introduce the modular hardware design and describe algorithms used to calculate the joint angles. Measurements with two experimental setups demonstrate the feasibility and the potential of such a tracking device.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Similarity Measures and Their Role in Classification
Authors: Baccour Leila , Alimi Adel M. , John Robert I.
Published: June 2020

We present some similarity and distance measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Thus, we propose two semi-metric distance measures between IFSs. The measures are applied to classification of shapes and handwritten Arabic sentences described with intuitionistic fuzzy information. The experimental results permitted to do a comparative analysis between intuitionistic fuzzy similarity and distance measures, which can facilitate the selection of such measure in similar applications.
Can Fuzzy Relational Calculus Bring Complex Issues in Selection of Examiners into Focus?
Authors: Salunkhe Satish S. , Joshi Yashwant , Deshpande Ashok
Published: June 2020

The examinee and the examiner play pivotal roles in the educational grading system. Students’ academic performance evaluation by multiple experts involves epistemic uncertainty, which can be modeled using a fuzzy set theory. How many evaluators/experts are almost similar in their perceptual subjective evaluation of the students answer paper? In other words, how many experts are reliable for a particular evaluation task with a defined possibility level? In this paper, the focus is onobject’s features(students’ marks) as a basis in the subjective evaluation process to identify thedegree of similarityamong the domain experts. The case study reveals that 11 out of 20 evaluators are similar in their decision making of students’ academic performance with possibility (α-level cut, 0.98). The inter-rater reliability (κ-coefficient) among the selected 11 teachers is 0.41, which signifies a fair/moderate agreement in the evaluation process. This paper proposes an approach that is useful for the selection of experts having similar perceptions in judgment. This paper demonstrates a case study showing how it is useful to educational policy makers in the selection of examiners.
Genetic mechanisms of deep-water massive sandstones in continental lake basins and their significance in micro–nano reservoir storage systems: A case study of the Yanchang formation in the Ordos Basin
Authors: Liao Jianbo , Xi Aihua , Liang Sujuan , Zhou Xinping , Li Zhiyong , Di Jun , Zhang Wenting , Wanyan Rong , Yu Pinghui
Published: June 2020

Based on field geological surveys of two deep-water sedimentary outcrops in the Yanchang formation of the Ordos Basin, X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental geochemical analysis, and polarizing microscope observations were conducted to investigate the causes of various sedimentary structures inside the massive sand bodies from deep-water debris flow. A genesis model of deep-water debris-flow sandstone is established: during the handling of the mass transport complexes in the basin slope, the soft sandy sedimentary layer with relatively strong shear resistance tears the soft muddy sedimentary layer with weak shear resistance and pulls various clumps inside the muddy layer. Finally, debris-flow massive sandstones with rich sedimentary structures are formed. Through argon ion polishing and field emission scanning electron microscopy, the debris-flow sandstones mainly develop micron-scale pores, and the pore radius is mainly distributed in the range of 1–8 µm. The sedimentary rocks from the semi-deep lake to deep lake facies only have a small number of nano-scale pores, and the pore radius is distributed between 20 and 120 nm.
Exploring the Impediments to Digitization and Digital Preservation of Cultural Heritage Resources: A Selective Review
Authors: Pandey Rahul , Kumar Vinit
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a careful review of studies underlining the impediments in digitization and digital preservation of cultural heritage resources faced by library professionals, archivists and project managers in digitization projects. A systematic and structured literature review based on the conceptual and empirical published studies on digitization and digital preservation is done to sieve out the barriers and challenges of digitization projects. The findings of the study revealed that most digitization projects suffer with impediments such as, inadequate funding, lack of national-level digital preservation policy and absence of technical infrastructure while digitizing and preserving the cultural and heritage resources. The originality of the paper lies in presenting the prominent constraints in digitization and preservation of cultural and heritage resources in consolidated manner otherwise scattered in several case studies. The findings will be of high significance for librarians and digitization project managers at the planning stage of their digitation projects.
The development of Indo-European obstruent clusters of types plosive + t/s into Slavic
Authors: Šefčík Ondřej
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to demonstrate that the development of Pre-Slavic clusters plosive + t/s in later Common Slavic followed the trajectory of spirantization and subsequent lenition and not the trajectory of gemination, contrary to the prevailing view.
Between ingressivity and resultativity: The prefix za- in contemporary Polish from a cross-Slavic perspective
Authors: Łaziński Marek
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to describe the submeanings of the prefix za- in its perfectivising function in Polish. The semantic meaning of this prefix deserves a reassessment given its high productivity in new, often colloquial verbal deri­vatives. In such derivatives, e. g. zagłosować ‘vote’, zawalczyć ‘struggle’ or zapozować ‘pose’, as well as in many other older verbs, the meaning of za- seems to be distinctly different from the traditionally assumed meanings: in­gressive, allative, hiding, covering or damaging (a discussion of previous analyses of za- is presented in Section 2). This article proposes a new meaning of Polish za-: the segmentative meaning (see Section 3.4). The object of this analysis is za- in purely aspectual pairs of verbs consisting of an unprefixed imperfective (ipf.) and a perfective (pf.) with za- (for the defini­tion of a purely aspectual pair of verbs and some modifications for motion verbs, see Sections 1 and 3.5). The paper is not concerned with Aktionsart meanings expressed by the prefix za- in lexical derivations from a simplex ipf. verb in which a pf. verb is paired with another derived imperfective. Such pairs of pf. and impf. verbs in za- are considered only as a background for the analysis of za- as a pure perfectiviser.
BIOPOLÍTICA E EDUCAÇÃO: os impactos da pandemia do covid-19 nas escolas públicas
Authors: Pereira Alexandre De Jesus , Narduchi Fábio , Miranda Maria Geralda De
Published: June 2020

O impacto  causado pela pandemia do coronavírus vem impondo drásticas mudanças na rotina da população mundial. Diversas áreas foram atingidas por essas ações, entre elas, a Educação. Logo após a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarar pandemia de coronavírus, o Ministério da Educação passou a definir critérios para a prevenção ao contágio do COVID-19 nas escolas. O desafio fundamental da educação brasileira passou a ser a adequação ao novo cenário imposto pela pandemia. Uma das medidas tomadas foi a inclusão da EAD nas escolas como alternativa à interrupção das atividades presenciais. Esse dispositivo emerge para que os alunos possam cumprir a carga horária mínima exigida de horas-aula.  Desse modo, o presente artigo trata de dois temas que vêm preocupando os dirigentes de educação de todo o país, são eles, o fechamento das escolas devido à pandemia imposta pelo COVID-19 e a proposta de reorganização do calendário letivo dos alunos por meio do ensino a distância. O presente estudo consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com material disponibilizado pela Internet no período de março a abril de 2020.  Adotamos uma abordagem quali-quantitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva.
OS DESAFIOS DO GOVERNO BRASILEIRO NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DO CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: De Jesus Ricardo Dos Santos , Santos Polyana Pazini , De Sousa Thiago Dias , De Oliveira André , Avelar Kátia Eliane Santos
Published: June 2020

Em 2020, o mundo enfrenta uma Pandemia, caracterizada como Covid-19, que é uma doença respiratória altamente transmissível, o que levou mais de 180 países a uma das maiores crises sanitárias e econômicas de todos os tempos. O atual cenário exige respostas rápidas por parte dos governos, nos mais diferentes setores e contextos, sobretudo, nos países periféricos, onde há uma massa populacional carente de direitos fundamentais. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise das ações de resposta do governo brasileiro frente aos desafios impostos pelo Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental realizada durante os meses de março e abril de 2020. Destaca-se a importância da atuação do Estado brasileiro, por meio das políticas públicas de distribuição de renda e do seu aparato institucional, como suportes essenciais nesse momento de crise. Os resultados apontam que o Brasil realizou intervenções como medidas de preservação da vida e da economia por meio de ações de curto prazo que favoreceram tanto empresas, quanto as populações mais vulneráveis, utilizando-se do seu aparato institucional como o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF) e os Programas Sociais, tais como o Bolsa Família, dentre outros. Dessa forma, ficou evidenciado que o enxugamento do estado e/ou neoliberalismo realizado nas últimas décadas, principalmente, na esfera da saúde, pode trazer consequências drásticas para o caso de enfrentamento de crises como esta.
O ESTATUTO DAS NOVELAS DE CAVALARIA LUSITANAS DO SÉCULO XVI EM HISTORIOGRAFIAS DA LITERATURA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Santos Leticia Raiane dos
Published: June 2020

Em Portugal, a novela de cavalaria perdurou para além da Idade Média, de modo que, em meados do século XVIII, ainda se tem notícia de escritos neste subgênero literário. No entanto, apesar disto, poucos estudos teóricos em Português trataram, até hoje, sobre este tema. Sendo assim, tendo em vista a sua longa permanência no país, buscou-se entender, neste estudo, a partir de uma análise comparativa entre quatro historiografias da literatura portuguesa – de Remédios (1930); Figueiredo (1960); Saraiva e Lopes (1956) e Moisés (2013) – que obtiveram circulação em universidades brasileiras e lusas, qual era o espaço reservado pelos historiadores da literatura para a novela de cavalaria no século XVI frente às demais manifestações literárias do período. De modo geral, como resultado da investigação empreendida neste trabalho, foi possível observar que, na maioria das vezes, Camões e sua epopeia ocupam, nos capítulos dedicados ao Renascimento lusíada uma centralidade absoluta. Tal fato acaba deixando os escritos de novelistas como João de Barros, Jorge Ferreira de Vasconcelos, Francisco de Moraes e Diogo Fernandes à margem. Por fim, pudemos concluir que as historiografias nacionais da literatura atendem às necessidades nacionalistas herdadas por elas do Romantismo e, sendo assim, não raramente historiadores literários comparam ou tentam interligar as novelas de cavalaria quinhentistas analisadas por eles ao épico camoniano, rebaixando-as, muitas vezes, à condição de inferiores e anacrônicas , uma vez que, a partir do século XIX, Os Lusíadas passaram a encerrar em si a identidade cultural do povo luso.Palavras-chave: Historiografia literária; novelas de cavalaria do século XVI; literatura portuguesa.
Prediction of COVID-19 Dynamics in Kuwait using SIRD Model
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad , Alkhatib Fadi , Mostafaeipour Negar , Abbas Oloomi Seyed Amir
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 infectious started on 24 February 2020 with 5 patients returning to Kuwait. The ministry of health (MOH) has reported a total of 26,192 patients with 10,156 recovered, 15,831 under treatment, 205 deceased, 206 critical, and 23 quarantined in Kuwait on 30 May 2020. Accurate prediction of the number of expected infected patients, patients under treatment, patients in critical condition, and death will assist health authorities for better planning and the government policymakers a better approach to reduce the number of susceptible people to COVID-19. In this study, a modified SIR model is used to determine COVID-19 dynamics in Kuwait. COVID-19 data for 97 days consist of infectious, recovered, and deceased cases are used to study the SIRD model and to obtain the re-production number and the total susceptible (Sus) population. The accuracy of the fitted model is assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2). The re-production of the total susceptible (predicted) population of 123,102 is obtained to assess the dynamics of COVID-19 in Kuwait. It is predicted that the peak of COVID-19 infectious will be around 23 June 2020 with total infected cases of 56,533. However, a maximum of 26,039 people in the need of hospitals may be accelerated on 10 June 2020 and will quickly drop on 2 July 2020 to only 377 people. The total deceased cases will be 1,169 on this date; although, the death tolls may continue to the total value of 2,667 by the end of the pandemic.
El síndrome metabólico, ¿artificio o realidad?
Authors: Garmendia Lorena Fausto
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo analiza la validez del síndrome metabólico (SM) para predecir el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). Se revisó literatura científica peruana e internacional sobre la propuesta original del síndrome X y de las principales guías del SM, consensuadas por diferentes organizaciones e instituciones médicocientíficas. Se destaca la gran diversidad de criterios utilizados por las guías que, en la comparación de la prevalencia del SM, demostró una amplia y significativa diversidad de resultados. La evaluación del poder predictivo del desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares de las guías y de sus componentes singulares mostró que los componentes independientes de RCV tienen igual o mayor poder que el conjunto del SM. Se concluye que es innecesario utilizar las guías propuestas del SM para establecer el RCV, desde que cada uno de sus componentes es un factor independiente de riesgo cardiovascular, inclusive para predecir eventos cardiovasculares en estudios longitudinales.
Mažų ir vidutinių įmonių apskaitos politikos formavimo ypatumai
Authors: Kanapickienė Rasa , Rauchaitė Loreta
Published: June 2020

Lietuvai įstojus į ES, verslo aplinka iš esmės pasikeis: bus sukurta laisva prekybos erdvė, panaikinti prekybos ribojimai ir suvaržymai, kt. Tokioje aplinkoje ypač svarbios taps įmonių individualios savybės, vidaus procesų ir valdymo kokybė. Kartu iškils ir įmonės apskaitos politikos, kaip priemonės tos įmonės tikslams pasiekti, reikšmė. Darbe aptariama apskaitos politikos samprata, ištirtas įvairių mokslininkų apskaitos politikos interpretacijos, atlikta apskaitos politikos elementų analizė. Remiantis atlikto tyrimo rezultatais, siekta atskleisti apskaitos politikos formavimo ypatumus mažose ir vidutinėse įmonėse.
Kultūros poveikio poreikių hierarchijai tyrimas trijose Baltijos regiono šalyse
Authors: Mockaitis Audra I. , Šalčiuvienė Laura
Published: June 2020

Sėkminga įmonių veikla dažnai grindžiama efektyviu žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymu, kai daugiausia dėmesio skiriama darbuotojų motyvacijai. Motyvacijos teorijos nėra universalios - efektyviai darbuotojų motyvacijai reikia nuodugnaus tos šalies, kurioje organizacija vykdo savo veiklą, vertybių tyrimo. Todėl šiame straipsnyje analizuojami trijų Baltijos regiono šalių - Lietuvos, Estijos ir Lenkijos - kultūriniai ypatumai ir jų įtaka darbuotojų požiūriams ir motyvacijai minėtose šalyse.Siekiant atskleisti minėtų šalių poziciją pasauliniu kontekstu, atliktas empirinis dviejų dalių tyrimas ir pateikti jo rezultatai. Pirmoje tyrimo dalyje atliktas nacionalinių kultūrinių dimensijų pagal G. Hofstede (1980) metodologiją tyrimas. Jame pirmą kartą matuojama Lietuvos santykinė pozicija 70 šalių atžvilgiu. Antroje tyrimo dalyje atlikta Lietuvos, Lenkijos ir Estijos darbuotojų apklausa, kurios rezultatai susisteminti pagal A. Maslow (1954) motyvacijos dimensijas. Tikimasi, kad tyrimo rezultatai patvirtins, jog skirtingiems motyvacijos aspektams darbuotojai teikia skirtingus prioritetus, o identifikuoti Maslow teorijos ir motyvacijos trijose šalyse skirtumai būtų grindžiami kultūros vertybių įtaką rezultatams.
Prekės markės įvaizdis ir jo tyrimas
Authors: Ruževičius Juozas , Savkova Anastasija
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojami prekės markės ir jos įvaizdžio formavimo teoriniai, metodologiniai ir terminologijos klausimai. Nustatytos prekių tapatumo identifikatorių sąsajos, išnagrinėti prekės markės ir jos įvaizdžio formavimo ir analizės ypatumai, metodai ir priemonės. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros nagrinėjama tema sistemine analize parengta tyrimo metodika ir atliktas praktinis prekės markės - “BIOS” jogurto įvaizdžio tyrimas. Tyrimui atlikti ir jo rezultatams apibendrinti bei interpretuoti panaudoti sisteminės ir lyginamosios analizės, matematinės statistikos metodai, semantinių diferencialų, reikšmių rūšiavimo, Likerto skalės. Nustatyta, kad šios markės spontaninio žinomumo ir asociatyvumo rodikliai yra aukšti, tačiau lojalumo rodiklis kol kas yra žemas. Siekiant toliau formuoti šios prekės markę, didinti lojalumą ir stiprinti įvaizdį rekomenduojama didinti produkto fasavimo dydžių įvairovę, gerinti pakuotės kokybę ir plėsti markės išskirtinių bruožų informacinę sklaidą.
Integrating Analytical Techniques with Business Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Kučinskienė Marija , Jatuliavičienė Gražina
Published: June 2020

The paper offers a discussion about the impact of strategic position on strategic decision-making. Many transitional countries are solving the problem of criteria, their selection and evaluation for a successful competition in the global environment. The theoretical aspects of the application of analytical techniques in strategic decision-making and the ways how strategic decisions, based on these techniques, should be made by Lithuanian dairy product producers are discussed. The analysis shows that adaptability is the essential characteristic of decision making for the future of an enterprise, and up-ta-date techniques should be included into strategic thinking.
An Exploratory Study on the Predictability of Export Behavior using Culture as a Guide
Authors: Mockaitis Audra I.
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the cultural variable of international business through a comparison of the cultural values of three Baltic countries, Lithuania, Estonia and Poland. Scores on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions for these and other countries are utilized in measuring the “cultural distance” between the Baltic countries and their main export partners. The intent of the paper is to test the appropriateness of the concept for predicting export behavior. Although the study is exploratory, it is seen that cultural distance plays a slight role in country export behavior.
Possibilities for Developing Flexible Employment Forms in Lithuania
Authors: Stankevičienė Asta , Gruževskis Boguslavas
Published: June 2020

The article reviews the concept of flexible employment forms and their effects on the labour market. It analyses foreign experience in application of flexible employment forms, discusses possibilities for assessment of the economic effect of the application of flexible employment forms in Lithuania and results of an expert survey.
The Problems of Budgeting and Financial Decision Process
Authors: Vávra Jan
Published: June 2020

Many companies recognize that the traditional annual budget (produced near yearend and then used as a guide for the following year even though it is out of date) is just not good enough. Instead, they are turning to alternative budgets (forecasts) that are updated every few months. They impose new requirements on financial decision-making. Management must access and process information more quickly, and this often means a change of the current practice of data collection and processing or even acquiring special software to do the job. The budgeting process and financial decisions can be accelerated and improved in several ways, and the paper deals with advantages and disadvantages of the possible ways.
Konkurencijos ir paramos problema ekonomikoje, praktiniai jos aspektai
Authors: Matiušaitytė Raimundė , Jasinskas Edmundas
Published: June 2020

Šio straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti ekonomikos teorijų požiūrį į valstybės konkurencijos ir paramos politiką, ES konkurencijos politiką bei konkurencijos ir paramos politikos įgyvendinimo problemas žemės ūkyje.Darbo objektas - ekonominė konkurencijos politika ir parama.Naudoti metodai:• Mokslinės literatūros analizės ir sintezės metodai - siekiant nustatyti požiūrį į Vyriausybės konkurencijos politiką buvo analizuojami įvairių ekonomikos teorijų atstovų požiūriai.• Interviu metodas - išsiaiškinti žemės nuomos kainų kitimo Kėdainių rajone tendencijas ir priežastis.• Statistikos duomenų analizės ir kiekybinio apdorojimo metodai - siekiant išanalizuoti deklaruotų pasėlių plotų dinamiką bei tiesioginių išmokų už pasėlius pasiskirstymą.
Lietuvos nacionalinė regioninė politika ir jos įgyvendinimo prielaidos
Authors: Pareigis Rimantas , Dorofejeva Oksana
Published: June 2020

Lietuvoje tik pastaraisiais metais atkreiptas dėmesys į ekonominės ir socialinės raidos netolygumus kai kuriuose regionuose, didelius jų gyventojų užimtumo, gyvenimo sąlygų, išsilavinimo lygio skirtumus. Ekonominė veikla Lietuvoje daugiausiai sukoncentruota prie transporto magistralių, didžiuosiuose miestuose ir keliuose mažesniuose pramonės centruose. Šiuose regionuose plečiami pramonės ir paslaugų sektoriai, jiems skiriamos didesnės investicijos. Tačiau kai Lietuvos regionai, kurie anksčiau išplėtoti ir orientuoti į produkcijos Rytų rinkai gamybą, dabar susiduria su didelėmis socialinėmis problemomis, susijusiomis su nedarbu. Išlyginti regioninių skirtumų pati rinka savaime negali, todėl reikia tikslinio valstybės poveikio formuojant ir įgyvendinant regioninę struktūrinę politiką.
The Impact of Social Policies on Self-Reliance Incentives for Roma in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Milcher Susanne , Zigová Katarína
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we review the social systems in five European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania. We focus here on regulations towards households with insufficient income. Based on this, we analyse the impact of social transfers on self-reliance incentives of the Roma minority in particular, using data from the UNDP/ILO survey conducted in 2001 in the five countries.
Explaining the FDI Patterns in Central and Eastern Europe: a Neural Network Approach
Authors: Plikynas Darius , Akbar Yusaf H.
Published: June 2020

Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are in an economic transition process which involves convergence of economic performance with the European Union. One of the principle engines for the necessary transformation towards EU average economic performance is inward-FDI. Quantitatively examining the causes of FDI in the CEE region is thus an important research area. Traditional linear regression approaches have had difficulty in achieving conceptually and statistically reliable results. In this paper, we offer a novel approach to examining FDI in the CEE region. The key tasks addressed in this research are (i) a neural network based FDI forecasting model and (H) nonlinear evaluation of the determinants of FDI. The methodology is non traditional for this kind of research (compared with multiple linear regression estimates) and is applied primarily for the FDI dynamics in the CEE region with some worldwide comparisons. In terms of MSE and Rsquared criteria, we find that NN approaches are better to explain FDI determinants’ weights than traditional regression methodologies. Our findings are preliminary but offer important and novel implications for future research in this area, including more detailed comparisons across sectors as well as countries over time.
The Levels of Marketing Ethics
Authors: Abromaitytė-Sereikienė Laima
Published: June 2020

The issue of ethics in marketing continues to be a concern for marketing practitioners and researchers. Every business manager would probably agree that ethical implications are often inherent in marketing decisions. This fact has encouraged to turn to the topic of marketing ethics and to analyze the levels of marketing ethics. As an example of differences in the levels of marketing ethics in different countries, the situation in the old free market and in transition economies is compared. Because the analysis of marketing ethics adoption in the companies of transition economies still requires much research, the purposes of the paper are to present and define the levels on which decisions of marketing ethics are made by comparing the situation in transition and old free market economies, and to fill in the gap in the literature on marketing ethics in Lithuania by defining the main tendencies in the marketing ethics adaptation in this country.To attain the objectives of the paper, it presents the development of the theory of marketing ethics and a theoretical background of the levels of marketing ethics adaptation. The levels of marketing ethics are presented in the context of motivation theories and the corporate social responsibility. The paper will also provide scenarios according to which companies meet or should meet the questions pertaining to marketing ethics in the old market and transition economies.
Economy, Anti-Economy, Underground Economy: Conceptual and Terminological Problems
Authors: Gylys Povilas
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses conceptual and terminological problems stemming from the lack of discipline in the field of exploration of the economic phenomena reflecting the unregulated practices, practices of non- compliance with the official order and cases of production of economic bads and loss of existing wealth. The resulting conceptual and terminological proposals are aimed at improving the structurization, formalization of economic knowledge and thereby quality of communication inside the economic profession as well as between economists and general public. The research is based on the principles (assumptions) of the holistic paradigm.
Transition Economy: Urbanization, the Processes of Creation and Accumulation of Property
Authors: Melnikas Borisas
Published: June 2020

The urgent problems of urban development and the processes of property creation and accumulation in the context of economic, social, political transformations in the society are analyzed. The possibilities of multicriteria strategic decision-making are described. The following objects are analyzed: urban development under the conditions of transformations as the major research object in the area of strategic property management; cities and their development as an environment of property creation and accumulation; transformation processes as the general context of urban development and of the creation and accumulation of property; the major trends of the transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe, their main criteria and indicators; the evaluation criteria used in the area of urban development and property strategic management in the conditions of transformation processes; multicriteria decision-making in the area of urban development and property strategic management.
Decisions About Creative Advertising Strategy: Decision-Making Methods and their Applicability
Authors: Vasiliauskaitė Kristina
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the creative advertising strategy (hereinafterCAS) decision-making process including the methods used for selection of CAS and the scope of their application. Special attention is devoted to identification and classification of criteria for CAS decision-making. As CAS decisions are made through interaction between the advertising agency and the advertiser, the existing CAS selection methods are evaluated from the perspectives of both subjects of this interaction. The need for accommodation of the two sets of interests is emphasized. The article provides recommendations concerning application of CAS decision-making methods.
Prekybos apyvartiniais taršos leidimais sistemos ekonominio efektyvumo didinimas: paskirstymo metodų įtaka
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus , Bubnienė Rūta
Published: June 2020

Prekybos apyvartiniais taršos leidimais tikslas yra mažiausiomis sąnaudomis sumažinti išmetamų šiltnamio dujų kiekį. Nors teorija teigia, kad apyvartinių taršos leidimų (ATL) paskirstymo metodai esant tobulai konkurencijai neturi įtakos prekybos apyvartiniais taršos leidimais sistemos efektyvumui, Europos Sąjungos (ES) prekybos ATL sistemos įgyvendinimas parodė paskirstymo metodų ir prekybos ATL sistemos efektyvumo ryšį. Straipsnyje aptariama istorinio ir aukciono metodų įtaka prekybos ATL sistemos efektyvumui bei analizuojami santykinių taršos rodiklių taikymo būdai. Be to, lyginami ES nacionaliniuose ATL paskirstymo planuose naudoti metodai bei analizuojama galima ATL paklausa rinkoje. Pagrindinis straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti ATL paskirstymo metodus, įvardyti diskutuotinus klausimus ir rekomenduoti, kaip padidinti ES prekybos ATL sistemos efektyvumą.
Perspectives of Power-Oriented Economic Growth Conversion (with Special Reference to Russia)
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia P.
Published: June 2020

The slogan of economic growth acceleration and GDP doubling in Russia is very popular and appears almost in every public speech and economic program of political parties. However. few Russian (and not only Russian) economists, sociologists and philosophers reveal the reasons for a fast or slow economic growth, its structure, sources, factors and the algorithm of conversion from the energyoriented to innovation-oriented type. Economic and political discussions take into account neither the volatility, craftiness and even pseudo-evidence of statistics, nor the illusion of sustainable development. the impossibility of the economic and ecological industrial systems’ harmony based on the exaggerated ideas about the unlimited intellectual and power possibilities of man. There exists a non-equivalent power exchange between the socio-economic system and Nature, and hence the evolutionary (ecological and economic) crisis is inevitable. The ways of overcoming this misbalance point out either to reduction of nature exploitation or non-traditional sources of power use. But the implementation of these methods is impossible for the most part of the world, particularly for those countries which possess large amounts of natural and power resources. The latter could lead to the so-called “economic diseases” (Holland, Venezuela, etc.).Keeping in mind these considerations, the purpose of the present paper is to analyze modern economic growth indicators connected with the energy factor. to introduce new types of economic growth - innovation-oriented and energyoriented - and to propose the possible convergence of these types in different scenarios of Russian industrial development.
Critical Insights of Customer Valuation Methods in the Relationship Marketing Paradigm
Authors: Rytel Tomas
Published: June 2020

This paper is aimed at providing the key critical insights into the traditional customer valuation models RFM, FRAC and CLV in the context of relationship marketing. It examines the principal assumptions that have conditioned changes in the traditional approach to customer value measurement methods through the application of post-modern marketing (e.g., interactive, relationship, etc.) under the knowledge economy conditions.Although customer value can be examined using both quantitative and qualitative criteria (e.g., customer impact on public opinion, customer trust in the company, etc.), this paper treats customer value as a quantitative measure which is studied using different measurable qualitative indicators rather than analysing psychological, social and other types of qualitative criteria characterising the buyer/seller relationships.The analysis of the RFM, FRAC and CLV customer value measurement methods and of their variables is based on the methodology for the analysis and systematisation of the content of scientific and methodological literature to distinguish the key critical aspects of customer value measurement methods through the application of the principles characteristic of relationship marketing. The overview of customer value measurement methods provided in the paper does not purport for detailed research, which requires a profound study on the subject.
Lietuvos aprangos ir tekstilės pramonės konkurencingumo stiprinimo galimybės
Authors: Vaiginienė Erika , Miškinis Algirdas , Kasnauskienė Gindra
Published: June 2020

Straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti Lietuvos aprangos ir tekstilės pramonės įmonių konkurencinę būseną, susiformavusią po Lietuvos stojimo į Europos Sąjungą ir tekstilės gaminių importo liberalizavimo, ir pasiūlyti priemones šios pramonės įmonių konkurencingumui stiprinti. Pritaikius M. Porterio “Deimanto” modelį pagal antrinius ir pirminius duomenis buvo atliktas Lietuvos aprangos ir tekstilės pramonės įmonių konkurencingumo dimensijų tyrimas. Jis atskleidė šios Lietuvos pramonės vis dar didelę priklausomybę nuo darbo jėgos kainos, sisteminio požiūrio trūkumą plėtojant šią pramonės šaką bei parodė, kad išnaudojamos ne visos verslo aplinkos teikiamos galimybės.
Mokesčių našta ir tarptautinė mokesčių konkurencija
Authors: Gylys Povilas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami tokie kontroversiški teoriniai viešųjų finansų klausimai - mokesčių krūvis ir tarptautinė mokesčių konkurencija. Jame remiantis holistine paradigma pateikiami argumentai, parodantys, kad, sprendžiant viešųjų šalies finansų problemas, reikėtų atsisakyti požiūrio, jog viešasis sektorius nepriklauso ekonomikai ir todėl jo finansavimas yra “grynoji” našta ekonomikai. Taip pat iš holistinių pozicijų analizuojamas preferencinių mokesčių sistemų ir mokesčių rojų klausimas.
Adekvačiojo investavimo portfelio anatomija ir sprendimai panaudojant imitacines technologijas
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje nuosekliai išdėstoma autoriaus taip pavadinto adekvačiojo investavimo portfelio sudarymo eiga, pateikiamos adekvačiojo investavimo portfelio panaudojimo analogijos su moderniuoju, arba Markowitzo, portfeliu. Atskleidžiami adekvačiojo investavimo portfelio panaudojimo ypatumai, kai investavimo aktyvai turi sudėtingus savo pelningumo galimybių tikimybės skirstinius, taip pat integruotam akyvų ir įsipareigojimų valdymui. Kartu straipsnyje yra nagrinėjamos imitacinio modeliavimo galimybės, sprendžiant adekvačiojo portfelio turinį išreiškiančių matematinių modelių sistemą, kuri savo ruožtu būna sudėtinga stochastinio programavimo problema: jai nagrinėti reikia originalių problemos formulavimo ir sprendimo metodų. Straipsnyje pateikiama situacijų reprezentatyviojo analogo idėja, kurios esmę išreiškia integruotas reprezentatyviosios aibės ir imitacinio modeliavimo galimybių panaudojimas. Galiausiai straipsnyje parodoma, kaip adekvatusis investavimo portfelis ir situacijos reprezentatyvusis analogas naudojami konkrečiai investavimo problemai spręsti.
Nacionalinės pinigų sistemos kūrimas ir laikinųjų pinigų įvedimas: priešistorė ir įgyvendinimas
Authors: Jasienė Meilė
Published: June 2020

2007 m. minėsime nacionalinės pinigų sistemos sukūrimo 15-os metų sukaktį. Nors praėjęs laikotarpis nėra ilgas, tačiau dėl jame buvusių įvykių gausos ar ir kitų priežasčių, dėl kai kurių faktų painumo ar supainiojimo net ir tų įvykių dalyviams ar liudininkams jau ne visada lengva nuosekliai atkurti to meto įvykių eigą. Tad ką ir kalbėti apie jaunąją kartą, kuriai tie dalykai jau gryniausia istorija, ne visada lengvai suprantama, tuo labiau kad įvairiuose straipsniuose ir šaltiniuose pateikiami tik pavieniai šio Lietuvos Nepriklausomybei reikšmingo etapo aspektai, o kartais matome ir nesusigaudymą bei skaitytojų klaidinimą. Net ir paties nacionalinės pinigų sistemos sukūrimo fakto svarba nėra tinkamai įvertinta, dažnai net ir ignoruota.Šio straipsnio tikslas - pamėginti iš tam tikro istorinio nuotolio, remiantis to laikotarpio oficialiais dokumentais, specialistų nuomone ir asmenine patirtimi, apibendrintai pateikti nacionalinės pinigų sistemos kūrimo nuo 1988 m. iki 1993 m. pirmosios pusės esminius bruožus, juos susisteminti.
Enterprise Diagnostics as Part of Company Management
Authors: Ďurišová Mária
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with the key factors of enterprise diagnostics and describes research findings by abstract models. Enterprise diagnostics deals with the recognition and evaluation of all aspects of company processes and with the therapy devices (measures to improve the initial stage), facilities for a better recognition and effective regulation of the complicated processes of company management. It is considered to be a young science, therefore it draws from experiences of other sciences and continually improves the systematization of its method. The aim of the article is to show results of research (realization of stage analyses) in this topic area, our own deductions and to trigger a discussion which would raise enterprise diagnostics to a qualitatively higher level.
An Integral Cultural Space in Europe and New Challenges for its Economic Development
Authors: Melnikas Borisas
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of an integral cultural space in Europe and the main problems of economic development in the context of the enlargement of the European Union and the transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe.The author has used the outcomes of the research done over the recent several years, dedicated to the diagnostics of the problems of transformations as well as economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe with a special reference to the development of the integral cultural space and human rights in the context of economic development in the European Union.The major findings show that the creation and development of the integral cultural space in Europe is a very complex and controversial process, and in its course various problems and conflicts arise. Therefore, to encourage the creation of the integral cultural space in Europe, appropriate cultural policies are necessary to be implemented.These policies may embrace many priorities including- preservation of cultural diversity;- adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions;- elimination of inappropriate factors within humanism and democracy of all European countries;- provision of equal rights for all groups of modern society.For implementation of key priorities of cultural policies, the use of a number of special pan-European programmes is suggested.The new non-traditional ideas of a possible economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe are discussed.
Complications after Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Tahir Shenol , Mladenovikj Dragoslav
Published: June 2020

Background. Laparoscopic appendectomy is established method in the treatment of complicated appendicitis. Certain advantages of the technique do not fulfill the expectations for its superiority over the open appendectomy as when it is used for uncomplicated appendicitis. This is generally caused because of the high variety of postoperative complications reported in different series for complicated appendicitis. Material and methods. This prospective interventional clinical study analyzes 61 patients operated with laparoscopic and open appendectomy due to complicated appendicitis, with an end point of comparing the intra and postoperative complications in both groups. Results. Conversion in open appendectomy was forced in one patient (1.63%). The operative time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.048). Wound infection was significantly predominant in the open group (p = 0.045). Postoperative intraabdominal abscess occurred in one patient in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.52). The overall morbidity was 26.2% (7 patients in the laparoscopic, and 9 in the open group; p = 0.59). Length of stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.00001). Conclusion. Certain significant advantages of the laparoscopic appendectomy as low incidence of wound infection, short hospitalization, less postoperative pain and faster socialization makes the laparoscopy up to date method in the treatment of complicated appendicitis.
TATHWÎR AL-NAMÛDZAJ AL-TA’LÎMÎ LI MAHÂRAH AL-KALÂM FI DHAU AL-FURÛQ AL-FARDHIYAH FÎ AL-JÂMI’AH AL-ISLÂMIYAH AL-HUKÛMIYAH
Authors: Suharmon Suharmon , Ainin Mohammad , Lubis Torkis
Published: June 2020

This research aims to develop Individual Differences-Based Speaking Skills Learning Model in Arabic Language Education Program of Institute for Islamic studies Batusangkar. The Research questions to answer are how to design, how is praticality and than effectiveness of the model. The Research and Development Method appload Dick and Carry Development Model. The results of this research are as follows: 1) The design of the learning model is based on three student groups; 2) In terms of practicality, 87% of the students are able and to solvie problems in the process of learning Arabic, 67% of the students are confident to be able to speak Arabic; 3) In terms of effectiveness, the use of this learning model has an effect on improving  the  student’s learning outcomes, This is indicated by  the “ t “ test result 2,036 ˂ 7,110 ˃ 2,036. The research concludes that the model is feasible, practical, and effective in improving, the student’s speaking skills.
Floristic Diversity and Pastoral Value of Permanent Grassland Fertilized in Conventional and Organic System
Authors: DRAGOMIR Neculai , SAUER Maria , SAUER Ioan , DRAGOȘ Marcela , RECHIȚEAN Dorin
Published: June 2020

Permanent grassland is the most complex natural ecosystem due to the biodiversity of the structural and functional elements that characterize the space and time unit of this ecosystem. From this point of view, in the case of this ecosystem, biodiversity is manifested by the richness of species as a result of the interactions between species and the biotope, the interspecific relations and the effects of the technology and usage applied to the improvement of these surfaces. The paper presents the results obtained in an experimental device placed on a permanent grassland of Festuca valesiaca + Festuca rupicola, from Caraş-Severin County, under conditions of mineral and organic fertilizers application (sheep manure and direct fertilization by sheep folding).
Studies Regarding Primary Succession in a Mine Tailing Pond from Bozanta, Maramureș County
Authors: MAXIM Aurel , MIHAIESCU Tania , RUSU Teodor , ROMAN Vasile , STOIE Andrei , SANDOR Mignon , BILC Larisa , MIHALESCU Lucia , BENDRE Razvan
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to carry out a vegetation study at the Bozanta’s tailing pond, located 5 km away from Baia-Mare.Between 2016 and 2017, using the metric frame, the existing species were identified and the following phytocenothic and population indices were determined: presence, frequency, presence classes, and the average abundance-dominance. Soil samples were taken to perform the following physico-chemical analyses: pH, P, K, N, humus and heavy metals.The floral inventory shows the presence of six tree species, four species of and 30 herbaceous species. Eleven years after the pond closure, the surface is covered with: 30% vegetation coverage, 35% water gloss and the 35% difference is occupied by arid. The average abundance-dominant synthetic indicator showed that the highest coverage is found in Betula pendula, Salix caprea, and in the grass species, Phragmites australis.The results of physicochemical analyses of the substrate showed very wide ranges of pH and different amounts of phosphorus, potassium and humus, and low amounts of nitrogen. The presence and concentration of the following heavy metals were determined from three samples: Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr. In regards to lead and chromium level, the alert threshold has not been reached.
Obtaining Frozen Semen of Bulls with Superior Qualitative Parameters
Authors: GĂVAN Constantin
Published: June 2020

Sperm is a zootechnical production that is harvested, controlled, processed and used, within a well-defined technological stream.Biotechnological intensification of breeding to increase birth and prolificity in zootechnics requires complex control of spermatic production on scientific bases in accordance with current legislation and compliance with national and international standards.In this regard, complex control of sperm production, regardless of its origin, is required by performing ordinary and special spermograms. In the modern technological flow of artificial cattle insemination, processing by dilution is an essential step with obvious zooeconomic implications, because it greatly increases the number of usable doses obtained from an ejaculate, increases the possibility of insemination a much bigger number by larger females, directly contributing to increased male selection pressure.