bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prominent Prolongation of Cortical Silent Period Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Matsumoto Hideyuki , Uchio Naohiro , Hao Akihito , Haga Mari , Abe Chiaki , Sakamoto Yuuri , Ugawa Yoshikazu
Published: November 2020

The cortical silent period (CSP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been reported to be prolonged in 2 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients who presented with periodic myoclonus. Herein, we will show a prominent prolongation of TMS-induced CSP in a patient with CJD who did not have periodic myoclonus. The patient was a 66-year-old woman who developed rapidly progressive dementia. No myoclonic jerks were observed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed high-intensity lesions in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus on diffusion-weighted images. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed diffuse and continuous slow waves, but no periodic synchronous discharges (PSDs). A TMS study revealed that the duration of CSP was prominently prolonged: the duration of CSP (370 ms) equaled that of the mean + 6.5 SD of the normal value. One month after admission, the patient exhibited akinetic mutism and developed periodic myoclonus in her limbs. The clinical course was compatible with CJD. To date, CSP has been measured in only 2 CJD patients. The common findings in both cases were marked prolongation of CSP, periodic myoclonus, and PSD on EEG. In short, we demonstrated that TMS-induced CSP was prominently prolonged even at the early stage of CJD without periodic myoclonus or PSD. In other disorders, the CSP has not been reported to be comparably prolonged to that of CJD patients. Therefore, we conclude that TMS-induced CSP could be prominently prolonged even in the early stage of CJD. The marked prolongation of the CSP might be an early biomarker of CJD.
Low-Level Trisomy 14 Mosaicism: A Carrier of an Isochromosome 14 and a Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 14
Authors: Velissariou Voula , Sachinidi Francis , Christopoulou Stavroula , Florentin Lina , Liehr Thomas , Efthymiadou Alexandra , Angelopoulou Eleni , Chrysis Dionisios , Stefanou Eunice G.
Published: November 2020

Trisomy 14 (T14) mosaicism is a rare chromosomal condition characterised by various clinical features, including developmental delay, growth impairment, and dysmorphism. Here, we report on a 12-year-old female referred for cytogenetic analysis due to short stature. Standard GTG-banding analysis on the patient’s peripheral blood revealed mosaic Τ14 in the form of an i(14)(q10) in 3% of cells. Furthermore, a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) had been detected in the first trimester of pregnancy in chorionic villus sampling. A skin biopsy in the patient revealed the presence of a metacentric sSMC in 100% of cells. Cytogenetic and FISH studies showed that it was a de novo metacentric bisatellited sSMC derived from chromosomes 14 or 22. Oligonucleotide array-CGH using skin cells revealed no copy number variations. Studies for uniparental disomy 14 by microsatellite analysis confirmed biparental inheritance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient with 2 abnormal cell lines involving chromosome 14 in different tissues, one with mosaic T14 in the form of i(14)(q10) and one with an sSMC derived from chromosome 14, present in blood and skin, respectively. A rare mechanism of trisomy rescue events is proposed to explain the presence of the different cell lines in the tissues examined. This case highlights the importance of providing the cytogenetics laboratory with adequate clinical data to test for low mosaicism and analyse different tissues if necessary, thus contributing to the suitable clinical management of the patient.
Cause of Death Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Kochar Ajar , Mulder Hillary , Rockhold Frank W. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Katona Brian G. , Lopes Renato D. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Hiatt William R. , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler
Published: November 2020

Background:

Peripheral artery disease is common and associated with high mortality. There are limited data detailing causes of death among patients with peripheral artery disease.

Methods:

EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) was a randomized clinical trial that assigned patients with peripheral artery disease to clopidogrel or ticagrelor. We describe the causes of death in EUCLID using mortality end points adjudicated through a clinical events classification process. The association between baseline factors and cardiovascular death was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards modeling. The competing risk of noncardiovascular death was assessed by the cumulative incidence function for cardiovascular death and the Fine and Gray method to ascertain the association between baseline characteristics and cardiovascular mortality.

Results:

A total of 1263 out of 13 885 (9.1%) patients died (median follow-up: 30 months). There were 706 patients (55.9%) with a cardiovascular cause of death and 522 (41.3%) with a noncardiovascular cause of death. The most common cause of cardiovascular death was sudden cardiac death (20.1%); while myocardial infarction (5.2%) and ischemic stroke (3.2%) were uncommon. The most common causes of noncardiovascular death were malignancies (17.9%) and infections (11.9%). The factor most associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death was age per 5 year increase (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.20–1.32]). Female sex was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56–0.82]). To evaluate the effect of noncardiovascular death as a competing risk, we superimposed the cumulative incidence function curve with the Kaplan-Meier curve. These curves closely approximated each other. After accounting for the competing risk of noncardiovascular death, the magnitude and direction of the factors associated with cardiovascular death were minimally changed.

Conclusions:

Among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease, noncardiovascular causes of death reflected a high proportion (40%) of deaths. Accounting for noncardiovascular deaths as a competing risk, there was not a significant change in the risk estimation for cardiovascular death.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
Technology in a New Key: Toward a Reexamination of Musical Theory and Practice in the Zeng Hou Yi 曾侯乙 Bells
Authors: Cook Scott
Published: November 2020

This paper takes a fresh look at music-theoretical information to be gleaned from a comparison of pitch-frequency measurements to inscriptional information from the massive bronze bell-set excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and attempts to place it in the context of knowledge derived from received texts of Warring States China. After examining several textual witnesses to conceptions of music theory from that era, the paper observes how similar conceptions may have informed the inscribers of the Zeng bells, who employed a system of nomenclature that diverged in subtle yet important ways from formulations of their philosophical counterparts. The final two sections explore possible implications of the bells’ relatively unique terminology from the standpoints of scale structures and musical temperament, respectively, looking for consistent patterns of tone-to-key distributions and clues to the possible deployment of a system of intonation designed to temper the twelve-tone gamut.
Liturgy with Ruth
Authors: Lear Joseph M.
Published: November 2020

How the church thinks about food has everything to do with her politics of immigration. Ruth’s story is one of gratefully receiving the other over a table of food. This is put in the context of what Patrick Deneen calls late modern liberalism’s ‘liberal anti-culture’. Foreigners in American contexts are mere items of consumption like the food we eat. We do not receive food with gratitude, so we do not receive the foreigner with gratitude. Ruth’s story is presented as a eucharistic liturgy that the church can perform, speaking blessings over foreigners as they are invited to eat a morsel of bread, take a sip of wine, and participate in community potlucks. A response follows which engages issues of multiculturalism, double-distancing of immigrants, Ruth’s contribution to the meal at the table, and the eucharist as a space-making event.
New combinations in Ruehssia for the South American species of Marsdenia (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

Authors: LIEDE-SCHUMANN SIGRID , KELLER HÉCTOR A.
Published: November 2020

The South American species of Marsdenia are transferred to Ruehssia, following the recognition of this lineage as independent from Marsdenia s.str. New combinations are provided for 22 species and 2 subspecies; eight names are lectotypified, and one is neotypified.
Vicoa gokhalei (Inuleae, Asteraceae), a new species from the northern Western Ghats, India

Authors: GOSAVI KUMAR VINOD CHHOTUPURI , MADHAV NILESH APPASO , CHANDORE ARUN NIVRUTTI , KAMBALE SHARAD SURESH , YADAV SHRIRANG RAMCHANDRA
Published: November 2020

A new species of Vicoa, V. gokhalei is described and illustrated from high elevated areas of northern Western Ghats, India. The new species is closely related with V. cernua which is also known from high elevated areas of northern Western Ghats. Along with detailed description, diagnostic characters, phenology, coloured photographs, illustration, ecological note, distribution and identity of the new species and key of Vicoa species for India are provided.
Thelephora austrosinensis (Thelephoraceae), a new species close to T. ganbajun from southern China

Authors: LI TING , LI TAIHUI , SONG BIN , HOSEN MD. IQBAL
Published: November 2020

Thelephora austrosinensis is described as a new species from southern China. Morphologically, it is closely related to T. ganbajun and T. vialis but is distinguished by its relatively smaller basidiomata with a thinner and more serrate or lobed margin, obviously longitudinally rugulose hymenial surface, and habitat in the broad-leaved forests. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses, sequences of the new species form a distinct clade which is close to T. ganbajun and T. vialis. Detailed morphological descriptions, colour photographs of the new species and comparisons with similar taxa are presented.
A re-evaluation of taxonomy in Quercus section Lobatae subsection Racemiflorae (Fagaceae), resurrection of the name Q. pennivenia and description of a new taxon, Q. huicholensis

Authors: MCCAULEY ROSS A. , OYAMA KEN
Published: November 2020

Changes to the taxonomy of Quercus section Lobatae subsection Racemiflorae occurring in western Mexico are here made to reflect new evidence regarding species relationships of two lineages occurring in the southern Sierra Madre Occidental. The name Q. pennivenia is resurrected to recognize plants previously included under the name Q. urbanii. A new taxon, Q. huicholensis, is described to represent a distinct lineage segregated from Q. conzattii. With these nomenclatural changes we recognize the subsection Racemiflorae to consist of six taxa and we provide a key for their determination.
Improved Impacts in Observing System Simulation Experiments of Radio Occultation Observations as a Result of Model and Data Assimilation Changes
Authors: Cucurull L. , Casey S. P. F.
Published: November 2020

As global data assimilation systems continue to evolve, observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) need to be updated to accurately quantify the impact of proposed observing technologies in weather forecasting. Earlier OSSEs with radio occultation (RO) observations have been updated, and the impact of the originally proposed Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) mission, with high-inclination and low-inclination components, has been investigated by using the operational data assimilation system at NOAA and a one-dimensional bending-angle RO forward operator. It is found that the impact of the low-inclination component of the originally planned COSMIC-2 mission (now officially named COSMIC-2) has significantly increased as compared with earlier studies, and significant positive impact is now found globally in terms of mass and wind fields. These are encouraging results as COSMIC-2 was successfully launched in June 2019 and data have been recently released to operational weather centers. Earlier findings remain valid indicating that globally distributed RO observations are more important to improve weather prediction globally than a denser sampling of the tropical latitudes. Overall, the benefits reported here from assimilating RO soundings are much more significant than the impacts found in previous OSSEs. This is largely attributed to changes in the data assimilation and forecast system and less to the more advanced one-dimensional forward operator chosen for the assimilation of RO observations.
The Variability of Occupational Attainment: How Prestige Trajectories Diversified within Birth Cohorts over the Twentieth Century
Authors: Lersch Philipp M. , Schulz Wiebke , Leckie George
Published: November 2020

This study develops and applies a framework for analyzing variability in individuals’ occupational prestige trajectories and changes in average variability between birth cohorts. It extends previous literature focused on typical patterns of intragenerational mobility over the life course to more fully examine intracohort differentiation. Analyses are based on rich life course data for men and women in West Germany born between 1919 and 1979 from the German Life History Study and the German National Educational Panel Study ( N = 16,854 individuals). Mixed-effects growth-curve models with heterogeneous variance components are applied. Results show that birth cohorts systematically differ in their variability; cohorts who entered the labor market in the late 1950s and 1960s and experienced mostly closed employment relations have exceptionally homogenous trajectories. Earlier and later cohorts, who experienced more open employment relations, are more heterogeneous in their trajectories. Cohorts with higher variability at labor market entry are characterized by persistently strong intracohort differentiation. Women’s variability within employment is similar to men’s but markedly increases once employment interruptions are considered.
Proselytizing, Building, and Serving: Latter-day Saint Missionaries in Manitoba and Eastern Canada, 1897-1942
Authors: Brassard Brooke Kathleen
Published: November 2020

This article will consider missionary work performed in Manitoba and Eastern Canada, and how The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints progressed toward integration into Canadian society as another established minority religion searching for potential new members. By navigating through their Canadian settings, Latter-day Saint missionaries adjusted themselves and their Church to local expectations and environments, and constructed a new home for Mormonism in Canada. Three ways that Latter-day Saint missionaries negotiated their place in Canada include evolving relationships with the Canadian public through missionary encounters, renting meeting spaces from fraternal organizations and then constructing their own meetinghouses, and organizing local, auxiliary organizations that aided non-members. The Canadian context, the Latter-day Saint missionary experience, and the growth of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Canada, reveals a process of negotiation. There exists a tension between integration and otherness. Latter-day Saints balanced this tension by on some levels maintaining their distinctiveness, while at the same time blending into Canadian expectations. How the Latter-day Saint missionaries responded to these barriers, the challenges related to communicating with the Canadian public, finding spaces to congregate, local leadership roles, and participating in different aspects of Canadian society, tells a story of a new religion integrating into a new environment.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Block Fred , Larson Magali Sarfatti , Seidman Gay
Published: November 2020

This essay introduces a special issue of Politics & Society in memory of Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019).
Respiratory changes in biometry of suprarenal inferior vena cava in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities
Authors: Rusinovich Yury , Rusinovich Volha
Published: November 2020

Aim

This study examines respiratory biometry of inferior vena cava in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities.

Material and Methods

We performed retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data of 67 patients with primary varicose veins.

Results

The largest expiratory (mean 16.2 mm, p-value 0.09) and inspiratory (mean 8.2 mm, p-value 0.02) inferior vena cava diameters were in C3 Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological clinical class; the smallest expiratory diameters (mean 13.1 mm, p-value 0.5) were in C6 class; the smallest inspiratory diameters (mean 4.6 mm, intercept) were in C2 class. C2 class was associated with highest inferior vena cava collapsibility index (mean 68.2%, intercept); C6 class was associated with lowest collapsibility index (mean 48.3%, p-value 0.04). Recurrent varices in comparison with previously untreated were associated with smaller inspiratory diameters of inferior vena cava (mean 4.4 mm, p-value 0.005), smaller expiratory diameters (mean 13.4 mm, p-value 0.06) and higher collapsibility index (mean 68.5%, p-value 0.005). Patients with recurrent and bilateral varicose veins had identical respiratory biometry of inferior vena cava. Older age was associated with smaller inferior vena cava diameters (p-value <0.01).

Conclusion

Clinical presentation of varicose veins is associated with different respiratory biometry of suprarenal inferior vena cava. C6 clinical class in comparison with C2 clinical class is associated with lower central venous compliance possible due to the narrowing of inferior vena cava. Smaller inferior vena cava diameters and higher collapsibility index in recurrent subgroup in comparison with previously untreated can be a sign of the significantly altered pressure gradient between the systemic capillaries and the right heart and impaired peripheral venous return. Narrowing of inferior vena cava with age can be a sign of more profound changes in systemic venous return with age in patients with varicose veins in comparison to those without chronic venous disease.
A-qCPR risk score screening model for predicting 1-year mortality associated with hospice and palliative care in the emergency department
Authors: Wang Ruei-Fang , Lai Chao-Chih , Fu Ping-Yeh , Huang Yung-Chung , Huang Sheng-Jean , Chu Dachen , Lin Shih-Pin , Chaou Chung-Hsien , Hsu Chen-Yang , Chen Hsiu-Hsi
Published: November 2020

Background:

Evaluating the need for palliative care and predicting its mortality play important roles in the emergency department.

Aim:

We developed a screening model for predicting 1-year mortality.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with 1-year mortality. Our risk scores based on these significant risk factors were then developed. Its predictive validity performance was evaluated using area under receiving operating characteristic analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation.

Setting and participants:

Patients aged 15 years or older were enrolled from June 2015 to May 2016 in the emergency department.

Results:

We identified five independent risk factors, each of which was assigned a number of points proportional to its estimated regression coefficient: age (0.05 points per year), qSOFA ⩾ 2 (1), Cancer (4), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score ⩾ 2 (2), and Do-Not-Resuscitate status (3). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of our screening tool given the cutoff larger than 3 points were 0.99 (0.98–0.99), 0.31 (0.29–0.32), 0.26 (0.24–0.27), and 0.99 (0.98–1.00), respectively. Those with screening scores larger than 9 points corresponding to 64.0% (60.0–67.9%) of 1-year mortality were prioritized for consultation and communication. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curves for the point system was 0.84 (0.83–0.85) for the cross-validation model.

Conclusions:

A-qCPR risk scores provide a good screening tool for assessing patient prognosis. Routine screening for end-of-life using this tool plays an important role in early and efficient physician-patient communications regarding hospice and palliative needs in the emergency department.
AMPA receptors mediate the pro-cognitive effects of electrical and optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in antidepressant non-responsive Wistar–Kyoto rats
Authors: Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Lason Magdalena , Litwa Ewa , Solecki Wojciech , Willner Paul
Published: November 2020

Background:

The chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure is a widely used animal model of depression, and its application in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats has been validated as a model of antidepressant-refractory depression. While not responding to chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, WKY rats do respond to acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In antidepressant-responsive strains there is evidence suggesting a role for AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor in the action mechanism of both antidepressants and DBS.

Methods:

Animals were subjected to CMS for 6 to 8 weeks; sucrose intake was monitored weekly and novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted following recovery from CMS. Wistars were treated chronically with venlafaxine (VEN), while WKY were treated acutely with either DBS, optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of virally-transduced (AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP) mPFC or ventral hippocampus, or acute intra-mPFC injection of the AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator CX-516. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX was administered, at identical sites in mPFC, immediately following the exposure trial in the NOR.

Results:

Sucrose intake and NOR were suppressed by CMS, and restored by VEN in Wistars and by DBS, OGS, or CX-516 in WKY. However, OGS of the ventral hippocampal afferents to mPFC was ineffective. A low dose of NBQX selectively blocked the procognitive effect of VEN, DBS and OGS.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that activation of AMPA receptors in the mPFC represents a common pathway for the antidepressant effects of both conventional (VEN) and novel (DBS, OGS) antidepressant modalities, in both antidepressant responsive (Wistar) and antidepressant-resistant (WKY) rats.
Prediction of transarterial chemoembolization refractoriness in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using imaging features of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Byun Jieun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kim Min Ju , Yoo Changhoon , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Seung Soo
Published: November 2020

Background

Repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can be associated with loss of its efficacy and subsequent tumor progression.

Purpose

To identify features of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associated with TACE refractoriness and to develop a prediction model for estimating the risk of TACE refractoriness.

Material and Methods

Among 1025 patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent TACE as a first-line treatment during 2010–2017, 427 patients who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were analyzed. According to the date of initial TACE, patients were divided into the development cohort (n = 211) and the test cohort (n = 216). TACE refractoriness was determined according to the Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the association between clinical/MRI features and TACE refractoriness. The performance of the prediction model was internally and externally assessed using the C-index of discrimination and a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for calibration.

Results

By analyzing 427 patients, we constructed a prediction model with the following independent features associated with TACE refractoriness: maximum tumor size; tumor number; peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP); and the presence of non-hypervascular hypointense nodule on HBP. This system enabled the prediction of TACE refractoriness in the development cohort (C-index, 0.796) and the test cohort (C-index, 0.738) with good discrimination and calibration abilities.

Conclusion

The prediction model based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI features in addition to the known predictors including tumor size and number can be used to estimate the risk of TACE refractoriness in patients with intermediate-stage HCC.
The validation of a full-field deformation analysis of an aircraft panel: A case study
Authors: Dvurecenska Ksenija , Diamantakos Ioannis , Hack Erwin , Lampeas George , Patterson Eann A , Siebert Thorsten
Published: November 2020

The increased use of optical measurement techniques in industrial environments has the potential to increase knowledge and creates an opportunity for a more comprehensive validation of computational predictions. In this paper, a quantitative validation methodology is applied to a 1 m × 1 m panel from an aircraft fuselage subject to compression and torsion, in order to evaluate the predicted response of the panel. A test matrix with four loading cases, namely pre-buckling and post-buckling compression with and without torsion, was used to demonstrate the capabilities of the validation methodology on the industrial component. The out-of-plane displacement fields were analysed with the aid of image decomposition and a validation process was successfully performed using a quantitative metric. The feature vectors, obtained through image decomposition, representing the surface curvature of the physical and virtual specimens were analysed to assess the similarity of the component’s overall curvature. Then, the feature vectors representing measured and predicted displacements for the four loading cases were used to analyse the deformed shapes and conduct a validation process for the simulation outcomes. The predictions of the deformation of the fuselage panel were found to have a high probability of representing the measured data.
Blood mercury and liver enzymes: A pan-India retrospective correlation study
Authors: Sivapandi Krishnakumar , Velumani Amruta , Kallathiyan Kallathikumar , Iyer Sandhya , Sinkar Prachi
Published: November 2020

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal, and the reported effects of exposure on liver function continue to be inconsistent. The objective of our study was to identify correlations between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in a pan-India population including adults ≥19 years of age. This retrospective study analyzed the data from 95,398 individuals tested for blood Hg levels and liver enzymes in our national laboratory. Testing for blood Hg was done by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, while testing for liver enzymes—aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase—was done by automated photometry systems. Data from all the individuals inclusive of 52,497 males and 42,901 females were studied. The frequency of high blood Hg levels (>5 µg/L) was found to be 0.6%, and the difference between males and females was not found to be significant. Further correlation by linear regression analysis found no relationship between high blood Hg levels and liver enzymes among females. However, among males, there was a significant correlation between high blood Hg levels, and increased AST as well as ALT. Our report suggested that for males but not females, Hg exposure may be one of the differentials for elevated liver enzymes.
Chatter stability prediction of milling considering nonlinearities
Authors: Yang Yiqing , Wu Donghui , Liu Qiang
Published: November 2020

Nonlinearities have been evidenced during the chatter vibration of milling. Machinability of the thin-walled part is feed rate and position-dependent, and is subject to process damping at low cutting speed. Therefore, chatter stability prediction of milling considering nonlinear cutting force, nonlinear structural stiffness and process damping is investigated. The cutting force and stiffness are established based on the polynomial model and the process damping is investigated based on the dissipated energy. The dynamic cutting force and stability lobes are solved in the time domain with coefficients updated at each iteration. By formulating the displacement as an expanded form via the perturbation method, the time-consuming solution of delay differential equations is avoided. After formulating the identification of the nonlinear model via cutting tests and modal tests, numerical simulations considering nonlinearities are carried out and compared with the analytical method. The proposed method attains high accuracy of classic time-domain solution, but with an improved computational efficiency. Finally, cutting tests are conducted to verify the prediction of cutting force and stability lobes.
Field trials of a methodology for locomotive brake testing to assess friction enhancement in the wheel/rail interface using a representative leaf layer
Authors: Lanigan Joseph L , Krier Peter , Johnstone Luke Buckley , White Benjamin , Ferriday Paul , Lewis Roger
Published: November 2020

There are two options for testing the performance of rail vehicles and the application of material to the wheel/rail interface to influence friction, and therefore braking performance, in a low adhesion environment: laboratory work which is not representative of conditions in the field, and expensive track tests using fully instrumented modern vehicles largely using low adhesion simulants that are not representative of those that occur in the real world and usually applied over great lengths of track. This paper presents a third option: low-cost track tests. We determined the minimum of equipment and resources needed to produce low adhesion using a method more representative on Autumn conditions on rail and monitor the performance of rail vehicles when braking on it. This was mainly targeted at use for testing products applied to the wheel/rail interface to enhance traction, hence the need for real low adhesion causes. We present the methodology that we have developed, and some initial results showing that using it we can generate a low adhesion scenario when braking from 10 mph. This can be used to develop mitigation solutions for low adhesion in a more cost effective manner.
Other Voices: International Manuscripts Published in The Family Journal: Calling for a Mentor
Authors: Southern Stephen
Published: November 2020

This special issue contains representative manuscripts from international authors reporting the results of research conducted in 11 countries or regions. Some of the results are generalizable to particular cultures or groups. Although the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, the sponsor of The Family Journal, endeavors to encourage scholars and readers across the globe, many international manuscripts are not accepted for publication. There are challenges faced by authors in the submission, review, and revision process. This overview converges on the need for a mentor for other voices to provide resources and support needed to increase the acceptance rate of international manuscripts.
Hybrid Fixation for Danis-Weber Type C Fractures With Syndesmosis Injury
Authors: Kim Gi Beom , Park Chul Hyun
Published: November 2020

Background:

This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of hybrid fixation for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with a syndesmotic injury.

Methods:

From January 2016 to April 2018, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent hybrid fixation for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. We excluded patients who achieved syndesmosis stability after fracture fixation. In all patients, we allowed partial weightbearing at 4 weeks postoperatively. We evaluated the visual analog scale for ankle pain, the Olerud-Molander ankle score, and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score. Malreduction of the syndesmosis was defined based on 2 previously reported methods. Fourteen patients (11 men and 3 women) were included in this study. There were 11 patients with pronation external rotation-type fractures and 3 patients with Maisonneuve fractures. The average age at operation was 37.2 years (range, 18-70 years).

Results:

Clinical scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up. Postoperative malreduction was observed only in 1 patient (7.1%).

Conclusion:

Hybrid fixation using a suture-button device combined with a syndesmotic screw in Danis-Weber type C fractures with syndesmosis injury showed a high accuracy of reduction, a low rate of diastasis, and favorable clinical outcomes. This combined method could be a good alternative treatment option for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with a syndesmosis injury.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Differences in Gait and Stair Ascent After Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Sanders Austin E. , Kraszewski Andrew P. , Ellis Scott J. , Queen Robin , Backus Sherry I. , Hillstrom Howard , Demetracopoulos Constantine A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Ankle arthrodesis has historically been the standard of care for end-stage ankle arthritis; however, total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is considered a reliable alternative. Our objective was to compare 3-dimensional foot and ankle kinetics and kinematics and determine the ankle power that is generated during level walking and stair ascent between TAA and ankle arthrodesis patients.

Methods:

Ten patients who underwent TAA with a modern fixed-bearing ankle prosthesis and 10 patients who previously underwent ankle arthrodesis were recruited. Patients were matched for age, sex, body mass index, time from surgery, and preoperative diagnosis. A minimum of 2-year follow-up was required. Patients completed instrumented 3D motion analysis while walking over level ground and during stair ascent. Between-group differences were assessed with a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney exact test for 2 independent samples.

Results:

Sagittal ankle range of motion (ROM) was significantly higher in the TAA group (21.1 vs 14.7 degrees, P = .003) during level walking. In addition, forefoot-tibia motion (25.3±5.9 degrees vs 18.6±5.1 degrees, P = .015) and hindfoot-tibia motion (15.4±3.2 degrees vs 12.2±2.5 degrees, P = .022) were significantly greater in the TAA group. During stair ascent, sagittal ankle ROM (25 vs 17.1 degrees, P = .026), forefoot-tibia motion (27.6 vs 19.6 degrees, P = .017), and hindfoot-tibia motion (16.8 vs 12 degrees, P = .012) was greater.

Conclusion:

There were significant differences during level walking and stair ascent between patients with TAA and ankle arthrodesis. TAA patients generated greater peak plantarflexion power and sagittal motion within the foot and ankle compared to patients with an ankle arthrodesis. Further investigation should continue to assess biomechanical differences in the foot and ankle during additional activities of daily living.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Effect of friction modifiers compositions on tribological properties of Cu-Sn alloy/Al2O3 brake composite material
Authors: Singh Vaibhav , Raja P , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar , Ramkumar P
Published: November 2020

Brakes are very important component in any vehicle, used to stop the motion of it either by applying mechanical or hydraulic pressure on brake pads. By engaging and disengaging of braking action, the surface of brake components (or) materials is ruined after some time. Therefore, it is important to study and develop a new composition of brake materials which provides optimum coefficient of friction along with increasing wear resistance to the materials. Hence, new combination has been formulated for fabrication of brake composite material using powder metallurgy method which consist of copper-tin alloy mixed with silicon carbide as a base materials, aluminium oxide as an abrasive material with varying volume percentage of graphite and talc powder as a friction modifiers. The pin-on-disc test was performed on brake composite material to analyse their tribological properties namely friction and wear. From tribo-test, it was observed that all composites give the friction coefficient in the range of ∼0.33–0.51 and the loss of materials in the range of ∼79–131 mg. Further, the mechanical, thermal stability and surface characterization were also carried out on brake composites using universal testing machine, vicker’s hardness tester, thermogravimetric analyser and scanning electron microscope respectively. These results reveal a very marginal change in hardness, increase in compressive strength by increase of talc concentration to the matrix, uniform distribution of reinforcement into the matrix and multi stage degradation of material loss in thermograph.
The Attentive Body: How the Indexicality of Epigenetic Processes Enriches Our Understanding of Embodied Subjectivity
Authors: Frost Samantha
Published: November 2020

Drawing on research in posthumanism, science and technology studies and biosemiotics, this essay analyses the challenges epigenetic processes pose for our understanding of embodied subjectivity. It uses the work of Charles Sanders Peirce to argue that epigenetic processes are indexical in their patterned logic, that they are meaning-making processes and that, consequently, they can be conceived as a form of attention. To conceive of bodies as paying attention through epigenetic processes is to rupture the distinction between matter and meaning that governs many philosophical categories. This in turn invites us to recalibrate our conception of the relationship between self, body and world.
Bodies of Fashion and the Fashioning of Subjectivity
Authors: Eckersley Andrea , Duff Cameron
Published: November 2020

This article explores the links between habit, fashion and subjectification to extend analysis of the clothed body beyond the semiotic frames that have tended to dominate discussions of fashion across the social sciences and humanities. Our goal is to explain how fashion’s diverse materialities participate in the modulations of subjectivity, affecting bodies in diverse encounters between matter, signs and practices. We develop our analysis by way of Gilles Deleuze’s discussion of encounters, habit and memory. Our principal contention is that fashion may usefully be theorised in terms of specific habits of coordination by which affects, memories, sensations and desires are transmitted between bodies in varied spatial, temporal, material and affective encounters. Following the work of John Protevi, we argue that such coordination expresses a distinctive mode of subjectification according to the specific encounters immanent to it. We ground this discussion in detailed analysis of the work of Melbourne artist Fiona Abicare. Abicare’s installation and performance-based practice invokes the affective and habitual aspects of fashion as each is instantiated in encounters between bodies. Abicare’s attention to the habits and memories of the clothed body alludes to the varied practices of subjectification by which diverse subjects of fashion emerge.
Drawing Atmosphere: A Case Study of Architectural Design for Care in Later Life
Authors: Martin Daryl , Nettleton Sarah , Buse Christina
Published: November 2020

In this article, we use an entry to an international architectural student competition on future care to explore how social norms about older bodies may be challenged by designs that are sensitive to the spatial contexts within which we age. The power of the My Home design by Witham and Wilkins derives from its hand-drawn aesthetic and thus we consider the architects’ insistence on drawing as a challenge to the clear and unambiguous image-making typically associated with digitally aided architectural designs. The hand-drawn images of My Home prompt a focus on care as enacted through the relations between material environments and things, and the atmospheric qualities these relations evoke. Throughout our analysis, we argue for greater attention to the ways in which embodied practices, everyday affects and materialities can be represented within architectural design, and the role of hand drawing as a creative methodology in this process.
Intercultural teaching approaches and practices of Chinese teachers in English education: An exploratory mixed methods study
Authors: Liao Hongjing , Li Yanju
Published: November 2020

Integrating intercultural competence in foreign language classrooms has been emphasized in China, yet scant explicit guidance currently exists on how to teach intercultural competence in college English courses. This study aimed at comparing and contrasting intercultural pedagogical approaches used by instructors in English courses for non-English majors, as well as teaching feedback provided by students enrolled in such courses. This study applied a sequential exploratory mixed research design. Methods such as face-to-face interviews and teaching and learning related document analyses were utilized to collect data, and generated qualitative and quantitative data. Three-dimensional meta themes emerged in mixed analysis, categorizing pedagogical approaches and teaching styles of individual instructors. Student feedback revealed learning experiences and difficulties of the teaching approaches.
Optimization on motion-robust and energy-saving controller for hydraulic penetration system of seabed equipment
Authors: Xue Gang , Liu Yanjun , Guo Lei , Liu Baohua
Published: November 2020

Deep-sea Cone Penetration Test equipment (CPT) and In-Situ Sediment Acoustic Measurement System (ISSAMS) driven by hydraulic penetration system are the important equipment for in-situ detection of seabed sediment. The problems, such as poor position following precision and weak load disturbance rejection performance of the actuator in the hydraulic penetration system are common in the working process of deep-sea CPT and ISSAMS. In this paper, the self-developed deep-sea ISSAMS is taken as the example and various hydraulic penetration system models are established. Most importantly, an optimized control scheme, the fuzzy adaptive PID control scheme with pre-optimization based on genetic algorithm, is presented. To compare with the switch valve controlled hydraulic system used in the ISSAMS physical prototype, the PID control scheme and the fuzzy adaptive PID control scheme are designed as well. It shows that the proportional valve controlled hydraulic system has better position following precision and load disturbance rejection performance than the switch valve controlled hydraulic system and the pump controlled hydraulic system, with more than 95% improvement. The optimized control scheme will further improve the motion-robust performance. Besides, the energy conservation problem is discussed by comparing power requirement and energy consumption of different hydraulic system model and different control scheme. It shows that the pump controlled hydraulic system with the optimized control scheme is the most energy-efficient combination. This paper will have certain reference value to hydraulic penetration system design and motion controller design for deep-sea CPT and ISSAMS equipment.
The thermal balance of forging press and influence of its thermal state to machine and its operation
Authors: Cechura Milan , Hlavac Jan , Volejnicek Martin , Kubec Vaclav
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the influence of the thermal state of the machine on its function and product accuracy. The results of the experimental measurement on a particular machine are presented and consequently a virtual simulation of the thermal state of the working space depending on the time of its operation of the machine is performed. Model examples for changed boundary conditions are calculated with respect to the possibility of reducing energy consumption while maintaining a constant thermal state of the machine. Based on the simulation of the thermal state a structural analysis is performed to determine the effect of thermal conditions on the clearance of the ram guiding.
Press freedom in 10 African nations: Citizen attitudes and global rankings
Authors: Cohen Meghan Sobel
Published: November 2020

Press freedom is said to be a necessary pillar of democracy. As many sub-Saharan African nations move towards creating or strengthening democracies, examining their levels of press freedom may be an important element. This study utilizes public opinion data from 10 nations in the sub-Saharan African region and international press freedom rankings from Reporters Without Borders to better understand both how important (or not) citizens view press freedom to be in their country and how those beliefs compare to global metrices between 2011 and 2018. Results show clear differences in citizen beliefs about press freedom across countries, but no clear relationship between citizen beliefs and global rankings. A connection between individual perceptions and global rankings may take more time to manifest, and/or a nation’s cultural values and political landscape likely have the strongest impact on citizen beliefs.
An academic study of research literature on Czech television: The dawn of taking TV seriously
Authors: Jedličková Jana , Korda Jakub , Szczepanik Petr
Published: November 2020

In 2017 the first television studies university programme in the Czech Republic was officially opened at Palacký University in Olomouc. However, television has been a focus of Czech academics and television and film reviewers and practitioners for a long time. This review aims to introduce various forms of academic thinking about Czech and Czechoslovak television, published both in Czech and English. It distinguishes four academic and one insider position, based on institutional and disciplinary criteria. Additionally, the article points towards possible issues with trying to reflect on and teach television in a small, post-socialist East-Central European country where there is a limited number of original scholarly books, theoretical initiatives and translations of important texts from the field of TV studies. At the same time, the small size of the TV market, language barriers and the post-socialist heritage inform the local academic debate with specific research questions that have the potential of opening new perspectives on issues such as ideology, political power, mediated memory and globalisation.