bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PELAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS MEDIA SOSIAL: PERSPEKTIF PUSTAKAWAN STAIN KUDUS
Authors: Abid Nuskhan
Published: November 2018

Social media and the internet isserious challenges for the library to maintain their consistency in the terms of the scientific dissemination. This article aimed to know the opportunities and challenges of social media-based library services from the librarian perspective. Observation and interviews are used to know the librarian opinion about the opportunities and challenges in the implementation of the social media-based library services platform in STAIN Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia. STAIN Kudus library have the opportunity to implement social media-based services including information the collection of books, books lease extended time, expanding the network and communication between librarians and readers. Limited infrastructure, the limited number of librarians, the limited number of students who have the device to access the social media are the challenges faced by library. Strengthening the librarian resources, training, and the leader policy will open the opportunity to implement social media-based services.

Era media sosial dan kemajuan internet menjadi tantangan bagi setiap perpustakaan untuk tetap mempertahankan konsistensinya sebagai pelayan nomor satu dalam hal persebaran keilmuan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peluang dan tantangan pelayanan perpustakan berbasis media sosial dari perspektif pustakawan STAIN Kudus. Teknik observasi dan wawancara untuk mengetahui pendapatpustakawan tentang peluang dan tantangan penerapan media sosial sebagai alat bantu pelayanan di perpustakaan STAIN Kudus, Jawa Tengah Indonesia. Hasilnya adalah perpustakaan STAIN Kudus mempunyai peluang untuk menerapkan pelayanan berbasis media sosial yang diantaranya adalah:informasi koleksi buku, informasi perubahan waktu pelayanan, memperpanjang masa peminjaman buku, memperluas jaringan komunikasi antar pustakawan dan pemustaka. Sedangkan tantangan yang dihadapi di antaranya adalah: terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana, terbatasnya jumlah pustakawan, terbatasnya jumlah mahasiswa yang memiliki perangkat untuk mengakses media sosial. Penguatan sumber daya pustakawan, pelatihan dan kebijakan pimpinan akan dapat membuka peluang untuk menerapkan pelayanan berbasis media sosial di perpustakaan STAIN Kudus.
MEWUJUDKAN KEPUASAN PEMUSTAKA MELALUI MANAJEMEN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Taufikin Taufikin
Published: November 2018

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam tulisan ini adalah terwujudnya kepuasan pemustaka, khususnya memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi internet, yaitu media sosial. Munculnya Media sosial harus disikapi dengan baik oleh semua pihak, agar tidak hanya menjadi hiburan belaka tetapi dapat menjadi sumber informasi maupun ilmu. Perpustakaan sebagai sumber informasi dapat memanfaatkan hadirnya media sosial untuk memudahkan pemustaka, sehingga kepuasan pemustaka dapat tercapai secara optimal. Media sosial dapat menghilangkan keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh sebuah perpustakaan, karena perpustakaandapat lebih mendunia karena dapat diakses dari mana saja dan kapan saja. Tentunya dengan manajemen pemanfaatan media sosial yang optimal dengan menjalankan fungsi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakkan, pengawasan dan evaluasi
Use of Dynamic Data and a New Material-Balance Equation for Estimating Average Reservoir Pressure, Original Gas in Place, and Optimal Well Spacing in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Orozco Daniel , Aguilera Roberto
Published: November 2018

The average reservoir pressure is a key parameter in material-balance calculations, but its determination is challenging when dealing with shales because of their low and ultralow permeabilities. This paper presents an easy-to-reproduce methodology for calculating the average reservoir pressure from flowing data, and its use in a new material-balance equation (MBE) that considers the simultaneous contribution of free, adsorbed, and dissolved gas.

The procedure developed in this paper uses a modified gas-compressibility factor (Z′) introduced in the new MBE. Because Z′ accounts for the combined effect of free, adsorbed, and dissolved gas, then total original gas in place (OGIP) can be determined from extrapolation of the MBE straight line to an average reservoir pressure equal to zero. Drainage area can be estimated on the basis of calculated OGIP and volumetric equations. As such, the methodology offers the potential to help improve well spacing in shale gas reservoirs in such a way that no stranded gas is left in the reservoir, or that excess wells are not drilled in the field. This can help to improve recoveries from shales by assisting in the determination of the optimal number of wells needed to drain a given play efficiently.

In conventional reservoirs, a well is shut in, and the average reservoir pressure is determined from the corresponding pressure-buildup test. But, for the case of unconventional shale gas reservoirs, shutting the wells in is unacceptable because of the long time it would require for estimating average reservoir pressure. The methodology developed in this paper for shale gas reservoirs circumvents this problem by using dynamic data.

Production data from multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells completed in a Canadian shale gas reservoir are used for testing the effectiveness of the new methodology. Comparison of typical well-spacing values vs. the drainage area calculated with the new methodology leads to the conclusion that, probably, only 40% of the gas is being drained efficiently.

The novelty of this work relies on the development of a methodology for calculating average reservoir pressure, OGIP, drainage area, and optimal well spacing in shale reservoirs through the combination of dynamic data and a new MBE that considers simultaneously the effects of free, adsorbed, and dissolved gas.
Improving Oil Recovery in the Wolfcamp Reservoir by Soaking/Flowback Production Schedule With Surfactant Additives
Authors: Alvarez J. O. , Tovar F. D. , Schechter D. S.
Published: November 2018

Improving oil recovery from unconventional liquid reservoirs (ULRs) is a major challenge. We have demonstrated in previous laboratory studies the effect of surfactants on spontaneous imbibition and oil recovery by means of wettability alteration and interfacial-tension (IFT) reduction. Thereby, fracture-treatment performance and consequently oil recovery could be improved by adding surfactants to stimulation fluids when a soaking/flowback production schedule is applied. This study evaluates the ability of different groups of surfactants to improve oil recovery in ULRs by experimentally simulating the fracture treatment to represent surfactant imbibition in a ULR core fracture during soaking and flowback. In addition, we analyze the effects of wettability and IFT alteration as well as surfactant adsorption on the process. A coreflooding system was combined with the computed-tomography (CT) scanner to dynamically visualize the fluid movement as it penetrates the ULR sample in real time as well as compare oil recovery between surfactants and water without additive. Wolfcamp sidewall cores were longitudinally fractured and loaded into an aluminum/carbon-composite core holder. Two different types of surfactants—anionic and nonionic/cationic—as well as water without surfactants were injected through the fractures at reservoir conditions to evaluate their effectiveness in penetrating into the fractures and recovering oil from a ULR core. Then, a soaking/flowback production scheme was used to simulate fracture treatment and flowback. Changes in core wettability and IFT were determined by contact-angle (CA) and pendant-drop methods. Coreflooding results showed that surfactant solutions had higher imbibition and recovered more oil from liquid-rich core compared with water alone. The soaking/flowback production schedule aided by surfactants was able to recover up to 14% of the original oil in place (OOIP), whereas water alone recovered up to 2% of the OOIP. These observations qualitatively agree with wettability- and IFT-alteration measurements. Core wettability shifted from an original oil-wet to a final water-wet state, and surfactants reduced IFT to moderately low values. In addition, surfactants showed adsorption capacity following a Langmuir-type adsorption profile. The results showed that the addition of surfactants to completion fluids and the use of a soaking/flowback production scheme could improve oil recovery by wettability alteration and IFT reduction, maximizing well performance after stimulation. These findings provide an important understanding for designing completion-fluid treatments and flowback schedules for ULRs.
Canopy sensing for corn nitrogen recommendations: Does it work?
Authors: Bean C. Mac , Kitchen Newell R.
Published: November 2018

In conjunction with canopy sensor reflectance measurements, a canopy sensor algorithm is used to formulate a nitrogen fertilizer recommendation. One such algorithm is the University of Missouri corn canopy sensor algorithm (ALGMU). The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the ability of the ALGMU to estimate the economical optimal N rates (EONR) across the U.S. Midwest Corn Belt and (2) improve the ALGMU performance using site‐specific soil and weather information. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/628.
Elemental Composition of Swine Manure from 1997 to 2017: Changes Relevant to Environmental Consequences
Authors: Sheppard S. C.
Published: November 2018

There have been revisions in the composition of swine diets in the last two decades that not only improved production profitability but also had potential environmental benefits. Among other changes, the use of phytase in feed has enabled lower total P concentrations. Nitrogen, specifically protein, concentrations are expected to be lower, and certain trace elements were also expected to change. In this study, analyses of 1195 swine slurry manure samples from various barn types in Manitoba, Canada, collected from 1997 to 2002 were compared with similar analyses from 2010 and 2017. Concentrations of P were significantly lower in 2017, from a median in sow barns of 28.0 g kg−1 dry weight (dw) in 1998 to 2002 to 20.6 g kg−1 dw in 2010 and 2017, and from a median in feeder finisher barns of 24.1 g kg−1 dw in 1998 to 2002 to 18.7 g kg−1 dw in 2010 and 2017. Total N levels did not change with time, but the fraction of manure N that was NH4 decreased. Zinc concentrations were consistently higher in nursery manures than in other swine manures and increased from a median of 2800 mg kg−1 dw in nursery barns in 1998 to 2002 to 5580 mg kg−1 dw in nursery barns in 2010 and 2017. Concentrations of most other trace elements decreased over this time period. With the exception of Zn from nursery barns, these temporal changes should lessen the potential for environmental consequences from swine manure application to land.

Core Ideas

Hog manure has the potential to supply excess nutrients and trace elements to soils.

Feed practices have changed and concentrations of some elements may now be lower.

Manure samples (n = 1195) from production operations were analyzed over 20 yr.

Phosphorus concentration decreased up to 36%, concurrent with introduction of phytase.

Most trace elements also decreased, but Zn doubled in nursery manure over 20 yr.
Herbage Accumulation, Nutritive Value, and Regrowth Potential of Sunn Hemp at Different Harvest Regimens and Maturity
Authors: Lepcha Isaac , Naumann Harley D. , Fritschi Felix B. , Kallenbach Robert L.
Published: November 2018

Low productivity and nutritive value of cool‐season perennial forages, such as tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] during summer necessitates the identification of warm‐season forages that improve nutritive value and yield of cool‐season‐based forage systems. A fast‐growing, warm‐season tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) has the potential to accomplish this. Our objectives were to evaluate herbage accumulation and nutritive value (crude protein [CP], in vitro true digestibility [IVTD], neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], and NDF digestibility [NDFD, 48 h]) of sunn hemp harvested 35, 45, and 55 d after planting (DAP) at 10‐ and 15‐cm heights and to determine regrowth potential when harvested 20 d after each initial harvest over two consecutive years. Sunn hemp herbage accumulation averaged 1.9 and 3.1 Mg ha−1 at 45 and 55 DAP, respectively. Herbage accumulation of initial harvest increased linearly from 35 to 45 to 55 DAP by 119 and 57%, respectively. Herbage accumulation of regrowth after the 35 DAP initial harvest was 262 and 303% greater than the 45 and 55 DAP initial harvests, respectively. Cutting height did not affect (P > 0.05) any variables. The greatest CP (154 g kg−1 dry matter) was observed at 35 DAP and decreased linearly with DAP. Both NDF (P < 0.01) and ADF (P = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly with DAP for both initial and regrowth harvests. The IVTD of initial and regrowth harvests averaged 794 and 624 g kg−1 dry matter, respectively. Forage NDFD for initial and regrowth harvests averaged 487 and 392 g kg−1 NDF, respectively. Nutritive value and herbage accumulation of sunn hemp can be optimized by initially harvesting between 35 and 45 DAP, and leaving at least 10 cm of residue to allow for regrowth.
Filtering of Period Infiltration in a Layered Vadose Zone: 1. Approximation of Damping and Time Lags
Authors: Dickinson Jesse E. , Ferré T.P.A.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

We describe an approximation for filtering of periodic infiltration in layered soil.

Transitions in soil‐water properties between soil layers affect the filtering.

Errors are smaller in soils where changes in soil‐water properties are small.

Infiltration and downward percolation of water in the vadose zone are important processes that can define the availability of water resources. We present an approach that provides insight into how periodic infiltration forcings at the land surface filter in a layered vadose zone in terms of changes in the timing and magnitude of hydrologic responses. To represent geologically realistic systems, we used vertical sequences of one‐dimensional periodic solutions, where each solution represents a single soil in a layered profile. The overall approach is based on a linearized Richards equation and assumes that the effects on flow of continuous pressure head changes at soil interfaces are negligible. We evaluated the limit of these approximations by comparison with results from the numerical model HYDRUS‐1D, which uses the full Richards equation. We compared (i) the depth at which flux variations became steady, and (ii) the travel time of wetting fronts to reach a depth of 3 m. The solution was reasonably accurate (error less than a factor of 2) for infiltration cycles with periods from 30 to 365 d and for fluxes common in arid and semiarid environments (0–2 mm d−1). Lag times between a surface forcing and response at any depth were accurate (error less than a factor of 1.1). The approximation generally provided consistent estimates of the damping and time lag, such that it overestimated the depths where fluxes were steady and underestimated the time for a forcing to reach a specific depth.
Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory: Shale Hills in the Context of Shaver's Creek Watershed
Authors: Brantley Susan L. , White Tim , West Nicole , Williams Jennifer Z. , Forsythe Brandon , Shapich Dan , Kaye Jason , Lin Henry , Shi Yuning , Kaye Margot , Herndon Elizabeth , Davis Kenneth J. , He Yuting , Eissenstat David , Weitzman Julie , DiBiase Roman , Li Li , Reed Warren , Brubaker Kristen , Gu Xin
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Studying the critical zone requires targeted research on water, energy, gas, solutes, and sediments.

The SSHCZO targets a 165‐km2 watershed on sedimentary rocks in the northeastern United States.

One SSHCZO subcatchment, Shale Hills, provides extraordinary data describing a shale CZ.

The Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) was established to investigate the form, function, and dynamics of the critical zone developed on sedimentary rocks in the Appalachian Mountains in central Pennsylvania. When first established, the SSHCZO encompassed only the Shale Hills catchment, a 0.08‐km2 subcatchment within Shaver's Creek watershed. The SSHCZO has now grown to include 120 km2 of the Shaver's Creek watershed. With that growth, the science team designed a strategy to measure a parsimonious set of data to characterize the critical zone in such a large watershed. This parsimonious design includes three targeted subcatchments (including the original Shale Hills), observations along the main stem of Shaver's Creek, and broad topographic and geophysical observations. Here we describe the goals, the implementation of measurements, and the major findings of the SSHCZO by emphasizing measurements of the main stem of Shaver's Creek as well as the original Shale Hills subcatchment.
The inhalation antibioticotherapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Authors: Angotoeva I. B. , Pshennikov D. S.
Published: November 2018

Epidemiological studies conducted throughout the world show that the inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are the leading cause of otorhinolaryngology (ENT) hospital admissions and outpatient clinic referral. Although the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis is viral infection, antibiotics are prescribed in more than 80% of cases, which may lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The topical inhalation therapy with the inhalation Complex «PARI SINUS device» (сompressor and nebulizer) may provide better treatment options for patients who suffer from the diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of topical inhalation treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis using pulsating aerosol in comparison with systemic antibiotic therapy. Materials and methods. 60 adult patients at the age from 19 to 62 years with the diagnosis uncomplicated moderate acute bacterial rhinosinusitis has been included in opened randomized controlled trial. 30 patients have been with the inhalation therapy by the combined drug Fluimucil® antibiotic IT (thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcystein, Zambon) using PARI SINUS device during 7 days. Controls – 30 patients have been treated with antibiotic therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis using 875/125 mg oral amoxicillin/clavulanate twice daily for 7 days. The result was evaluated by the dynamics of the symptoms of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (nasal congestion, blockage, facial pain and reduction of smell), active anterior rhinomanometry and nasal endoscopy. Results. For main symptoms of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis was no significant benefit of antibiotic therapy as compared to topical inhalation therapy using pulsating aerosol. Both treatment options were effective against acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, which is confirmed by the improvement of symptoms, active anterior rhinomanometry and nasal endoscopy. Conclusion. The topical nebulizer therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis may provide better treatment options, because systemic antibiotics can be associated with different adverse effects.
Allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Goncharov O. I.
Published: November 2018

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common disease. The article presents the main aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this nosology.
New possibilities of pathogenetic therapy for allergic rhinitis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Rebrova S. A. , Krivopalova L. I.
Published: November 2018

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common human diseases that affect patients’ quality of of life. There has been a significant increase in incidence rates related to allergic rhinitis in the Russian Federation and the world. Second-generation antihistamines having high H1-receptor affinity constitute the main pharmacological group for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The article presents an overview of Bilastin as a novel drug of the above group.
A Case Report of Embryonal Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Uterine Cervix in a 26- Year-Old Woman
Authors: Ziyadova Gunel , Kavuncuoglu Altan , Ozten Gonca , Tuncer Zafer Selcuk
Published: November 2018

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the cervix is rare among fertile women and constitutes 0.2% of all uterine cancers. A 26-year-old female patient with a cervical polyp presented with a case of sarcoma botryoides. The biopsy specimen confirmed the botryoid sarcoma of the uterine cervix and the patient underwent definitive surgery with lymphadenectomy. Pathology showed negative margins and total extraction of tumor. The tumor was confined to the cervix. The patient is considered group 1A in Intergroup RMS Working Group V (IRSG) criteria and the treatment plan continued with adjuvant vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.In the case of cervical polyps in the fertile age, the specimen must be carefully and histologically examined to rule out genital rabdomyosarcoma. Since the stage is a very important prognostic factor, an early diagnosis is crucial.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Gene-encoded Antioxidant Peptide from Odorous Frog Skin
Authors: Cao Xiaoqing , Tang Jing , Fu Zhe , Feng Zhuo , Wang Siyuan , Yang Meifeng , Wu Chunyun , Wang Ying , Yang Xinwang
Published: November 2018

Background:

Amphibian skin plays an essential role in protecting organisms from harmful
external factors such as UV radiation. How amphibians protect themselves from reactive oxygen
species following long-term sun exposure is an important and interesting question. Amphibian
skins possess a novel antioxidant system composed of various Antioxidant Peptides (AOPs), which
maintain redox homeostasis. However, only a few AOPs have been identified so far.

Methods:

Using combinational methods of peptidomics and genomics, we characterized a novel
gene-encoded antioxidant peptide (herein named OA-VI12) from Odorrana andersonii skin secretions,
which was produced by the post-translational processing of a 59-residue prepropeptide. The
amino acid sequence of the OA-V112 was 'VIPFLACRPLGL', with a molecular mass of 1298.6 Da
and no observed post-transcriptional modifications. Functional analysis demonstrated that OA-VI12
was capable of scavenging ABTS+, DPPH, NO and decreasing the Fe3+ production.

Results:

We determined that the C7 amino acid was responsible for ABTS+ and Fe3+ scavenging,
activities, the F4, C7, and P9 amino acids were crucial for DPPH scavenging activity, and the P9
amino acid was responsible for NO scavenging activity. Unlike several other amphibian peptides,
OA-VI12 did not accelerate wound healing in a full-thickness skin-wound mouse model and did not
demonstrate direct microbial killing. Here, we identified and named a novel gene-encoded antioxidant
peptide from the skin secretions of an odorous frog species, which may assist in the development
of potential antioxidant candidates.

Conclusion:

This study may help improve our understanding of the molecular basis of amphibians’
adaptation to environments experiencing long-term UV radiation.
Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of Catalytic Subunit of Rice Acetohydroxyacid Synthase
Authors: Arabzadeh Ghazaleh , Shahpiri Azar
Published: November 2018

Background:

Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS) is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of the branched chain amino acids. AHAS is the common target site of five herbicide chemical groups: sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidine, pyrimidinyl-thiobenzoates, and sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-triazolinone.  Objective: The purification of protein enabled us to study the physical and biochemical properties of the enzyme. In addition in vitro activity of this enzyme was tested in the presence of four different sulfonylureaherbicides and the feedback regulation of enzyme was analyzed in the presence of branched amino acids.

Methods:

The gene encoding catalytic subunit of rice AHAS (cOsAHAS) without part of the chloroplast transit sequence was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pET41a and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as carboxy-terminal extensions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST).The soluble protein was purified using affinity chromatography. The measurement of GSTOsAHAS activity was performed under optimized conditions at present of branched-chain amino acids and sulfonylurea herbicides independently.

Results:

The optimum pH and temperature for GST-cOsAHAS activity was 8.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The specific activity and Km value of this enzyme toward pyruvate were 0.08 U/mg and 30 mM, respectively.GST-cOsAHAS was inhibited by herbicides tribenuron, sulfosulfuron, nicosulfuron and bensulfuron while the enzyme was insensitivieto end products.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that the recombinant form of GST-cOsAHAS is functionally active and carries the binding site for sulfynylurea herbicides. Furthermore, GST-cOsAHAS was insensitive to feedback inhibition by endproducts which indicates the existence of a regulator subunit in rice AHAS as previously has been described in other plant AHASs.
Effect of Intestinal Flora Clearance on Liver Proteomics in Mice
Authors: Jia Zhenghu , Liu Hui , Song Mei , Yang Chengmao , Zhao Yapu , Wu Xiaoli , Wu Zhenzhou , Zhao Liqing
Published: November 2018

Background:

Intestinal flora dynamically affects the host's systemic immune system. Liver
is one of the organs that may be affected by intestinal microbiota.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to identify proteome level differences between liver
tissue from mice cleared intestinal flora and control using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and
label free quantification. Additionally, protein-protein interactions were mapped by STRING, and also,
the enrichment of inflammation-related signaling pathways and biological processes was identified using
GO and IPA network system. RT-PCR and Western blot were used for validation of the proteomics
findings.

Results:

Our study demonstrated that mice with cleared intestinal flora exhibited decreased sensitivity
to Concanavalin A induced acute hepatitis. 324 Proteins in liver were differently expressed after intestinal
flora clearance for one week while 210 proteins were differently expressed after intestinal flora
clearance for two weeks. Furthermore, five of the identified proteins were validated by western blotting
and further investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

Conclusion:

Our results showed that intestinal flora clearance in mice could reduce sensitivity to Concanavalin
A induced liver injury and influence the expression of proteins in liver, which provides a
clue for studying the relationship between gut bacteria and Concanavalin A induced hepatitis.
Highly Cross-linked Starch and Modified Cellulose as Dietary Fibers, and their Acclimation Effect on Hydrogen Excretion in Rats
Authors: Nakamura Sadako , Yamate Misa , Tanabe Kenichi , Osada Sanae , Oku Tsuneyuki
Published: November 2018

Background:

Highly cross-linked phosphate starch (HCPS) and modified cellulose (MC)
were newly developed and modified dietary fiber materials to prevent lifestyle-related diseases.

Objective:

We investigated the physiological property of HCPS and MC to be a dietary fiber.

Methods:

HCPS was made from tapioca starch by polymerization in the presence of 0.5% phosphoric
acid, and MC was made from cellulose, maltodextrin and karaya gum by high-speed mixing. In the
present study, rats were raised on a diet containing 10% or 15% HCPS, or 10% MC for four weeks,
and physical effects such as growth, organ weights, blood biomedical parameters, fecal weight, and
hydrogen excretion were recorded.

Results:

Growth was normal among all groups, and there was no significant difference in total body
weight gain. Some organ weights including the adipose tissues differed slightly among groups, but
no difference based on diet composition was observed. Blood biomedical parameters were normal
and not significantly different among groups. Cecum tissue and content weights were significantly
greater in the 15% HCPS, 10% MC, and 10% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups than in the control
group, and fecal weight was significantly increased in the 10% and 15% HCPS, and 10% MC groups
compared with the control group. Hydrogen excretion over 24 h was negligible when HCPS was administered
orally to rats non-acclimatized to HCPS but increased significantly in rats acclimatized to
10% HCPS diet for one week.

Conclusion:

We conclude that both HCPS and MC could be suitable for use as low energy bulking
materials.
Early Detection of Central Nervous System Relapse of Pediatric Leukemia with Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on MRI
Authors: Arpaci Taner , Karagun Barbaros S.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Leukemia is the most common pediatric malignancy. Central Nervous
System (CNS) is the most frequently involved extramedullary location at diagnosis and at relapse.

Objective: To determine if Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of optic nerves should
contribute to early detection of CNS relapse in pediatric leukemia.

Methods:

Twenty patients (10 boys, 10 girls; mean age 8,3 years, range 4-16 years) with proven
CNS relapse of leukemia followed up between 2009 and 2017 in our institution were included. Orbital
MRI exams performed before and during CNS relapse were reviewed retrospectively. Forty
optic nerves with Optic Nerve Sheaths (ONS) and Optic Nerve Heads (ONH) were evaluated on
fat-suppressed T2-weighted TSE axial MR images. ONS diameter was measured from the point 10
mm posterior to the globe. ONS distension and ONH configuration were graded as 0, 1 and 2.

Results:

Before CNS relapse, right mean ONS diameter was 4.52 mm and left was 4.61 mm which
were 5.68 mm and 5.66 mm respectively during CNS relapse showing a mean increase of 25% on
right and 22% on left. During CNS relapse, ONS showed grade 0 distension in 15%, grade 1 in
60%, grade 2 in 25% and ONH demonstrated grade 0 configuration in 70%, grade 1 in 25% and
grade 2 in 5% of the patients.

Conclusion:

MRI findings of optic nerves may contribute to diagnose CNS relapse by demonstrating
elevated intracranial pressure in children with leukemia.
Hourly and Daily Traffic Expansion Factors on Selected Roads in Gaza, Palestine
Authors: Sarraj Yahya R.
Published: November 2018

Background:

The shortage of sufficient, reliable and continuous traffic data in many developing countries makes it difficult for traffic engineers and researchers. Traffic data are essential for both planning and design of transportation facilities.

Objective:

This work tries to provide data that in order to help local experts in Gaza city to provide better estimates of the average daily traffic (ADT) and hence better transportation facilities.

Methods:

The analysis and discussion are based on continuous traffic flow counts conducted on three selected main streets in Gaza. Data were collected for 24 hours on seven consecutive days on each street.

Results:

The results indicate that the average hourly expansion factors(HEFs) have a margin of error for the period between 7:00 and 16:00 that does not exceed ±3%. The results also indicate that the average daily expansion factors (DEFs) on the three streets have a maximum margin of error of 3.2% on both Sunday and Monday. On the other hand, the analysis proved that the maximum peak hour volume was 2864 vehicles/hour on Al Jalaa Street between 7:00 and 8:00 and the average peak-to-daily ratio (p/d) of the three streets was found to be 7.18%. The maximum directional traffic split (D) was found to be 60% in the heaviest direction of traffic flow during the peak period.

Conclusion:

The HEFs and DEFs produced in this work can be used with a 95% confidence on the main streets of Gaza city.
Antimicrobial Studies and Characterization of Copper Surfactants Derived from Various Oils Treated at High Temperatures by P.D.A. Technique
Authors: Bhutra Renu , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Arun Kumar
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Biologically potent compounds are one of the most important classes of materials for the upcoming generations. Increasing number of microbial infectious diseases and resistant pathogens create a demand and urgency to develop novel, potent, safe and improved variety of antimicrobial agents. This initiates a task for current chemistry to synthesize compounds that show promising activity as therapeutic agents with lower toxicity. Therefore, a substantial research is needed for their discovery and improvement. Chemistry of present era aims to build a pollution free environment. For the same, it targets to create some alternativeswhich are eco-friendly and nature loving. Present research work is a step towards achieving such alternatives.

Method:

For this the metallic soaps of copper (derived from common edible oils) were synthesized. The synthesized copper soaps have been confirmed by elemental analysis, UV, and IR spectroscopic technique. The fungicidal activities of copper soaps derived from soyabean, sesame oils have been evaluated by testing against Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus niger by P.D.A. technique.

Result:

The fungi toxicity results indicate that the strain of fungal species are susceptible towards these soaps and suggests that with the increase in concentration of copper soap it may increase further. The transition metallic soaps showed good antifungal activity because chelation increases the anti-microbial potency.
International Terrorism: What are the Current Legal Challenges in Bringing Terrorists to Justice?
Authors: Möttö Jessica
Published: November 2018

International terrorism has faced a definitional deadlock. While various international conventions have emerged condemning acts of terrorism and states have enacted counterterrorism legislation, a single universal definition on the crime of terrorism has yet to be agreed upon. The cause of a definitional deadlock can be boiled down to the famous idea that one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter thus; acts seen as justified by some are viewed as crimes by others. Few individuals labelled as terrorists would call themselves as such. However, both the International Criminal Court (ICC) as well as domestic courts are affected by the definitional deadlock. Despite extensive discussions on the inclusion of terrorism within the Rome Statute, the lack of a commonly agreeable definition on terrorism eventually made the inclusion impossible. Therefore, the ICC can only bring terrorists to justice when acts of genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes have occurred. On the other hand, states rely on co-operation, mutual trust and the exchange of information when prosecuting international terrorists. Due to the lack of a common definition on terrorism, states have taken fragmented approaches and counterterrorism strategies vary considerably between states. While in some states no counterterrorism measures exist at all, other states have taken on considerably broad laws. This makes effective cross-border co-operation challenging or even impossible. Conclusively, reaching a common definition on a crime of international terrorism cannot be stressed enough. It will allow for a new discussion to take place with regards to the creation of a crime of terrorism in the Rome Statute. Furthermore, state authorities would be restricted in the use of overly broad legislation as national laws can be harmonised to a greater extend.
Ahead to the Past? Responsibility to Protect and the Global System
Authors: Focarelli Carlo
Published: November 2018

The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) is premised on the idea that States protect their peoples in return for obedience. Effective protection, however, is dependent on States having enough power to make themselves obeyed by transgressors. Such power is limited at a time where freedom and rights prevail as catchwords, but where ʿdutyʾ and ʿresponsibilityʾ are shunned. Citizens of a State performing badly on RtoP standards may want to substitute their failing state with non-state actors believed to offer adequate protection, promising maximum freedom at a lower cost. This, however, will amount to modern-day slavery. As such, if the RtoP doctrine is to have meaning in the future, it must be accompanied by responsible States, which in turn are comprised of responsible peoples.
Unmanned Military Systems and Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Law
Authors: Frau Robert
Published: November 2018

The article addresses human rights issues that arise from the use of unmanned military systems in armed conflict. It is assessed when and to what extent human rights law applies in times of armed conflict. The major focus is the question of whether or not human rights law applies extraterritorially. It is argued that it applies to a greater extent to the use of unmanned military systems than might be expected under the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Hence, a new approach to the concept of ‘jurisdiction’ is submitted. In addition, specific scenarios, in which unmanned military systems are frequently deployed, are measured against the legal framework.
The Internationalisation of Information Privacy: Towards a Common Protection
Authors: Zhao Bo
Published: November 2018

The conventional view of privacy, at least shared among privacy scholars, is that privacy is a rather culture—dependent issue and would be interpreted much differently in various jurisdictions. Though this is pretty true in the pre—digital age, the scenario may have been under considerable change due to the fact of the creation of new social spheres and life experience by numerous new technologies in the digital age. The popular use of the Internet, portable devices, smart phones, geographical location devices, smart home facilities, as well as the accompanied exploitation of big data collected from such devices, create a new living environment or life structure in which personal data become highly valuable in market economy and critical for personal development. Not only our perception of privacy needs update in order to follow the new reality, but also people will acquire more commonly—shared life experience, sensibility and consciousness of one perspective of privacy: information privacy. Such commonalities consequent to living in the information age against the backdrop of escalating privacy invasion, all contribute to a more commonly accepted concept of information privacy; therefore the internalization or universalization of information privacy that is attributed to a more common life structure based on information digitization and connected networks and has long run impacts on our life and laws. This short article intends to explore this new tendency, namely the internalization (or universalization) of information privacy, in both life realities and different legal systems. It will first discuss what and how the digitalization of human life has contributed to a more shared life experience among human beings based on the increasing connectivity, and how this further enables or generates a common perception of information privacy across the world. Second, the article will explore how the recent legal developments in both domestic laws and international laws adapt to the new life realities beyond cultural difference and political divergence. For this purpose, definitions of information privacy are compared from different jurisdictions, International policy and law documents analysed, and various court verdicts discussed, showcasing the internalization tendency of information privacy. Last, the article proposes a coherent protection of information privacy in International law to remedy the present gridlock in improving Internet Governance after Snowden’s revelations.
Open Source Data and Criminal Investigations: Anything You Publish Can and Will Be Used Against You
Authors: De Busser Els
Published: November 2018

Various misconceptions exist regarding open source data, what is meant by this term and how these data can legally be used. This contribution focuses on developing a comprehensive definition of the term and highlights the differences with similar – often confusing – concepts. The fact that open source data are publicly available does not mean that they can be used and processed in any way or for any purpose. As far as open sources contain personal data, the general data protection legislation (national as well as EU and Council of Europe legislation) is applicable. Several difficulties however arise, especially when different types of data are mixed. This can happen in the context of a criminal investigation. The use of personal data for the purpose of prevention, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences is protected by more specific legal provisions to protect the secrecy of the investigation as well as the fundamental rights of the suspect and the victim(s). The fair trial rights of article 6 ECHR should be respected once a criminal charge has been made. Open source data are vulnerable for abuse by any individual. Additionally, they are widely available and distributable when the internet is used. In several instances open source data have been used for the purpose of vigilantism (individuals taking law enforcement into their own hands). It is important to draw the line between a legal use of open source data, including the use of open source data for the purpose of a criminal investigation and the illegal use of open source data. This contribution combines the elements of open source data, personal data and criminal investigations. Answers to the following research questions are sought: - What are open source data? - How to protect personal data included in open source data? - How to use open source data in criminal investigations while respecting data protection legislation?
Procedural Fairness and Efficiency in International Arbitration
Authors: Fortese Fabricio , Hemmi Lotta
Published: November 2018

Procedural due process requires all legal proceedings to be fair and that every party involved is given notice of the proceedings, are treated equally, and are given an opportunity to be heard and to deal with the case of its opponent before a decision is made by a lawfully constituted tribunal or decision maker. However, while the mandatory due process requirements are of utmost importance within international arbitration, where are its limits? How far shall the equal treatment and procedural fairness go, and can it happen at the expense of procedural efficiency? The users of international arbitration tend to be concerned on the delays and high expenses of arbitration. A recurrent complaint is the ‘judicialisation’ of arbitration; that the procedure is becoming as equally formal dispute resolution proceeding as litigation. Simultaneously, the international arbitration field has been promoting arbitral cost and time efficiency, by incorporating relevant provisions to national arbitration laws, institutional arbitration rules and to other soft law elements. This contribution addresses the balance between the requirements of due process and efficiency within international arbitration
The Principle of Non-discrimination: An Empty Promise for the Preventive Health Care of Asylum Seekers and Undocumented Migrants?
Authors: Flegar Veronika
Published: November 2018

The principle of non-discrimination in Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) holds that its rights are equally applicable to ‘everyone’. Nevertheless, evidence from the national context suggests that access to health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants depends on their legal status and in particular, preventive health care is often inaccessible to them.1 This has led to several hitherto under-investigated questions concerning the right to health in this context: Does a right to preventive health care exist at the international level? If so, what individual rights and State obligations are involved in this right? How does the principle of non-discrimination relate to this right? Does this principle offer (additional) protection to asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in terms of a possible right to preventive health care? Method: The main issue is what the principle of nondiscrimination has to offer for the preventive health care of persons without a regular residence status. Based on an analysis of the non-binding, but authoritative, General Comments of the United Nations (UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the paper takes an exploratory style that goes beyond traditional legal analysis and investigates how the law should be interpreted in order to enhance its effectiveness and relevance. Results and Discussion: Strictly speaking, there is no explicit, binding right to preventive health care for asylum seekers or undocumented migrants in the ICESCR itself.2 Nevertheless, implications can be found in the CESCR General Comments Number 14 and 20.3 Particularly, if one takes into account how the law should be interpreted according to CESCR General Comment 14 (CESCR GC 14), there should be a right to preventive health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants. The exact content of such a right, however, is less clearly defined. Further, the principle of non-discrimination is not conclusive as to whether the right to health would apply equally to asylum seekers and/or undocumented migrants as it would to nationals. Conclusion: For non-discrimination to be truly unambiguous with regard to the preventive health care of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, it would be necessary to strike out the ‘general welfare’ provision of CESCR General Comment 20 (CESCR GC 20) and to clearly state that the ‘other status’ criterion also entails ‘residence status’. In that sense, the principle of non-discrimination is, indeed, an empty promise and the right to preventive health care for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants seems to be much better protected under the CESCR GC 14’s non-discriminatory interpretation of the right to health itself.
The Obligation on an Intervening State to Respect the Host State’s IHL and IHRL Obligations in an Intervention by Invitation: An Analysis of the Saudi Intervention in Yemen
Authors: Koen Louis , Hanson Brooke
Published: November 2018

Interventions by invitation of the government have been attracting increasing interest from legal scholars in recent years. This increased interest can be attributed to the increasing frequency at which States, including Saudi Arabia in Yemen, use such invitations as a justification for the use of force in the territory of the host State. This paper considers these scholarly contributions and goes on to assess the limits of consent on which comparatively less scholars have focused. The paper concludes by arguing that the intervening State is constrained in its actions, within the host state, by the IHL and IHRL obligations binding on the host state.
REVIEW ON VENDOR AUDIT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gaikwad Priyanka Hiraman , Jadhav Anil G. , Pathan Vasim T. , Gujarati Nayan A.
Published: November 2018

Vendor Relationship Management (SRM), is systematic planning and managing of all interactions with suppliers to maximize its value. Its application varies from construction industries to healthcare system and investment banks to industries. Several buyer-supplier relationship models, as well as supplier selection and evaluation strategies, have been documented by many researchers. The vendor management system is for supporting the good quality of material, delivery on time, good service and cooperation, reasonable price, improve the strong and close relationship, etc. The Vendor Management System (VMS) is the one most important factor of success. The vendor is the partnership that concerned to manufacturer not only the quality but also other business issues.