bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties for Persian version Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24) in Iranian cancer patients
Authors: Mousavi Nazanin , Piryaei Mandana , Nooripour Roghieh , Kissane David , Hooshyari Zahra , Effatpanah Mohammad , Ghanbari Nikzad
Published: July 2024

Background

This study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24), within the context of Iranian society.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we employed the DS‐24 as the principal instrument, which had been exactly translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties in 160 Persian cancer patients. The assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as evaluations of convergent validity and internal consistency or reliability.

Results

The CFA unveiled a five‐factor model, consistent with the original structure of the DS‐24. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between the DS‐24 and both the Beck Depression and MUNSH happiness scales. Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency, with a value of .92 for the total score.

Conclusion

In Iran, like in other countries, the demoralization questionnaire demonstrates significant validity and reliability. This ensures the timely diagnosis of demoralization in cancer patients and the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions.
Meditation for perioperative pain and anxiety: A systematic review
Authors: Rajjoub Rami , Sammak Sally El , Rajjo Tamim , Rajjoub Noora S. , Hasan Bashar , Saadi Samer , Kanaan Adel , Bydon Mohamad
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Effective pain and anxiety management during the perioperative phase remains a challenge for patients undergoing surgeries and other invasive procedures. The current standard of care involves prescribing analgesics to treat these conditions; however, there has been recent interest in applying multimodal strategies that limit the use of these medications. One such modality is meditation, which has been shown to be effective in alleviating various physical and psychological symptoms in other settings. This systematic review aims to assess how current meditative practices affect perioperative pain and anxiety.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, APA PsycINFO, EBM Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science for all available dates. Our primary outcomes of interest were patient‐reported pain and anxiety scores using the Visual Analog Scale, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). For the HADS and STAI scales, only the anxiety and anxiety‐state subgroups were reported, respectively.

Results

The literature search yielded 1746 articles. A total of 286 full‐text articles were screened, and 16 studies were included in this systematic review. A total of eight studies assessed pain scores after invasive procedures; five reported improvements in pain scores, and three reported no change after meditative practices. Ten studies assessed anxiety outcomes after invasive procedures: nine reported a decrease in overall anxiety levels as a result of meditation practices while one study reported no change in anxiety scores.

Conclusion

Data from this limited literature suggests that different meditation practices could be effective in alleviating pain and anxiety within the perioperative phase for patients undergoing various types of invasive procedures. Future prospective studies are needed to determine whether routine meditation in the perioperative setting is effective in mitigating perioperative pain and anxiety.
A Single Enzyme in Enantiocomplementary Synthesis of β‐Nitroalcohols: Bidirectional Catalysis by Hydroxynitrile Lyase
Authors: Rana Sukadev , Chatterjee Ayon , Kumar Padhi Santosh
Published: July 2024

A single enzyme, Baliospermum montanum hydroxynitrile lyase (BmHNL), without alteration, enabled bidirectional catalysis in enantiocomplementary synthesis of chiral β‐nitroalcohols. BmHNL catalyzed promiscuous Henry (24 examples) and retro‐Henry reaction (22 examples) provided up to >99 % and 50 % conversion to (S)‐ and (R)‐β‐nitroalcohols respectively, while both cases displayed up to >99 % ee. The broad substrate scope and high stereoselectivity of BmHNL represents its synthetic applications in sustainable production of diverse chiral β‐nitroalcohols. Kinetic parameters of BmHNL was determined for Henry and retro‐Henry reaction, which reveals poor catalytic efficiency for both the promiscuous transformations, however, the former has better efficiency than the latter. Practical applicability of the biocatalyst and transformation was illustrated by preparative scale synthesis of chiral intermediates of (S)‐Tembamide, and (S)‐Micanozole.
Pain management challenges in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA
Authors: Gurgius Marcus , Donoghue Sarah , Wallace Robyn A.
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

It is important to consider all potential pain management modalities including alternative treatment on managing complex pain presentations. Acupuncture is a treatment modality that may result in reduction of pain in patients with significant medical comorbidities due to MPS IVA.
A fulminant presentation of post‐COVID‐19 necrotizing pneumonia and ischemic stroke in an 8‐year‐old girl: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ehsanipur Fahimeh , Ebrahimi Pouya , Tahernia Leila , Vafaee‐Shahi Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is the destruction of the interstitial part of the lung due to severe infection. One cause of this rare and fatal condition in pediatrics is Acinetobacter. Severe infections, especially pneumonia, can prone pediatric patients to ischemic stroke. This study reports an 8‐year‐old girl presented to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath, fever, and fatigue. She was admitted to the intensive care unit due to respiratory distress and pericardial effusion. Swab and respiratory secretion tests for COVID‐19 and Acinetobacter were positive. In her admission course, her condition deteriorated, and on the fifth day, she underwent a craniotomy due to the signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The computed tomography (CT) scan showed an ischemic stroke. Despite all efforts and medical efforts, the patient's clinical condition got worse, and she died 10 days after the surgery. COVID‐19 can lead to vulnerability to severe bacterial infections such as NP in pediatrics. Severe infections are a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke. The presentation might be different in intubated unconscious patients, such as detecting increased ICP signs. In severe and extensive cases of NP and ischemia, the destruction of the lungs and brain tissue might be irreversible and even lethal. Doctors and parents should consider neurologic complaints in children with infectious diseases as a serious issue since infections make children vulnerable to complications such as stroke.
Electrocatalytic Bipolar Synthesis of Valuable Chemicals
Authors: Gao Wenqi , Wang Chen , Lv Lin , Yan Dafeng , Xia Bao Yu
Published: July 2024

Electrocatalysis can synthesize kinds of valuable chemicals and plays vital role in developing clean and renewable energy storage and conversion devices. In the traditional electrocatalytic systems, researchers try to synthesize one type of valuable chemical at cathode or anode independently. Recently, electrocatalytic bipolar synthesis of valuable chemicals at both cathode and anode simultaneously becomes popular and attracts much attention. In this minireview, we summarize the latest processes on innovative strategies for electrocatalytic bipolar synthesis of various chemicals. We will discuss the findings according to the categories of the products, including bipolar hydrogen production, bipolar formate production and bipolar hydrogenation. And the associated catalysts optimization, reaction mechanism, and design principles are well introduced. Moreover, the challenges and prospects are highlighted for future developments. This review is timely and will guide others pay more attention to this novel electrocatalytic bipolar synthesis systems.
Use of cholesterol‐lowering medications in relation to risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Zamani Shahriar A. , Graubard Barry I. , Hyer Marianne , Carver Emily , Petrick Jessica L. , McGlynn Katherine A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Although the relation between statin use and liver cancer risk has been extensively examined, few studies have examined other cholesterol‐lowering medications in relation to liver cancer risk. The authors examined five classes of nonstatin medications and liver cancer risk.

Methods

A nested case–control including 3719 cases and 14,876 matched controls was conducted within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Additional matches on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease were also implemented. The medications examined included cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, niacin, and omega‐3 fatty acids. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor use was associated with reduced liver cancer risk in the overall analysis (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.96) and in analyses based on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease status. Although bile acid sequestrant use was associated with increased liver cancer risk in the overall analysis (odds ratio, 5.31; 95% confidence interval, 3.53–7.97), the results of the analyses based on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease status were inconsistent. [Correction added on 19 August 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the value ‘3.534’ has been changed to ‘3.54’.]. No associations were observed for the other medications.

Conclusions

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors may be associated with reduced liver cancer risk. Whether bile acid sequestrant use was associated with increased risk was only partially supported in the current study.
Enhancing Crystallinity and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles via Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Poon Kingsley , Singh Gurvinder
Published: July 2024

Cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) are highly promising for data storage, energy conversion, permanent magnets, and biomedical applications owing to their exceptional magnetic properties. However, the presence of phase impurities (particularly FeO and CoO) can severely degrade their magnetic properties, hindering their practical use. Here, we present a simple post‐synthesis oxidation approach to address this challenge. Our method involves the thermal decomposition of Fe−Co oleate followed by oxidation using trimethylamine N‐oxide. The results reveal the effective elimination of FeO and CoO impurities and the formation of spinel ferrite crystal structures post‐oxidation with no change in morphology or size. Magnetic measurements demonstrate a significant enhancement in magnetic properties (e. g., magnetic saturation, coercivity, and blocking temperature) in oxidized CFO NPs compared to the non‐oxidized counterparts, indicative of the recovered ferrimagnetic structure upon post‐synthesis oxidation. As expected, the restoration of the ferrimagnetic structure, resulting in improved magnetic anisotropy, led to decreased SAR values as the nanoparticles moved away from the optimal anisotropy range. The study underscores the necessity of post‐synthesis oxidation for ensuring phase purity and enhancing the magnetic properties of CFO NPs, irrespective of the synthesis method. This approach offers a promising route for producing highly functional magnetic nanoparticles for practical applications.
Nonadiabatic Photodynamics of Amantadine and 1‐Cyanoadamantane Cations
Authors: Roy Bonasree , Titov Evgenii , Saalfrank Peter
Published: July 2024

Cations of diamondoids and derivatives thereof have recently become the subject of experimental, spectroscopic studies due to their potential role in astrochemistry. In particular, their electronic spectra and photoinduced dynamics trigger great interest. Here, we report on computational investigations of two nitrogen‐containing derivatives of the adamantane cation (Ada+,
), the amantadine cation (Ama+,
) and the 1‐cyanoadamantane cation (Ada‐CN+, C10H15CN+). Specifically, we study electronic (vibrationally resolved) spectra and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (modeled using the surface hopping approach based on semiempirical electronic structure theory) of these radical cations. The internal conversion time constants as well as reactive relaxation outcomes (cage‐opening and hydrogen loss) are compared for the two derivatives and also with the case of Ada+.[29] Remarkably, we find a longer ground‐state recovery time for Ada‐CN+ than for Ama+ (for the same excitation energy window), despite a smaller excitation energy for the former. Thus, a static energy gap law cannot be used to rationalize nonadiabatic dynamics and excited state lifetimes in this case: Dynamics and details of the couplings between several states play a decisive role.
Spirocyclic Pyrrolidinyl Nitroxides with Exo‐Methylene Substituents
Authors: Sowiński Mateusz P. , Warnke Anna‐Luisa , Lund Bjarte A. , Skagseth Susann , Cordes David B. , Lovett Janet E. , Haugland Marius M.
Published: July 2024

Nitroxides are stable organic radicals with exceptionally long lifetimes, which render them uniquely suitable as observable probes or polarising agents for spectroscopic investigation of biomolecular structure and dynamics. Radical‐based probes for biological applications are ideally characterized by both robustness towards reductive degradation and beneficial electron spin relaxation parameters. These properties are largely influenced by the molecular structure of the nitroxide scaffold, and also by the conformations it prefers to adopt. In this study we present the synthesis of the first nitroxides based on a spirocyclic pyrrolidine scaffold with an exocyclic methylene substituent. The conformations adopted by these nitroxides were evaluated by X‐ray crystallography, both with single nitroxide crystals and by inclusion of nitroxides in a microporous crystalline sponge. The kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the new nitroxides towards reduction was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In combination with EPR measurements of electron spin relaxation properties, these results suggest that this new family of nitroxides can provide access to multifunctionalized probes and polarising agents suitable for use in biological environments at elevated temperatures.
The draft genome of Piper longum L.
Authors: Mathew Deepu , Valsalan Ravisankar
Published: July 2024

Genome of Piper longum (long pepper, Piperaceae), an important medicinal plant, is being reported. The sequencing was carried out on Illumina Novaseq‐6000 platform at 150x coverage, and de novo scaffold‐level assembly has resulted in a 447.7 Mb genome (89,204 scaffolds with an N50 value of 10.7 kb). Even though long pepper is valued for its pungent alkaloids, especially piperine, mechanism of piperine biosynthesis is yet to be revealed. Functional annotation of the genes has given a better understanding of the genomic features and genes involved in piperine biosynthesis. Phylogenetic relationship of long pepper with other members of Piperaceae family and the expression of Piperine synthase and Piperamide synthase genes in the developing leaves and spikes were also analyzed. The results indicated that this medicinal plant may have genes similar to black pepper involved in the biosynthesis of piperine. Raw reads and the assembly are made publicly available.
Low‐Temperature and High‐Rate Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries Enabled by Ternary Eutectic Electrolytes
Authors: Vadthya Raju , Fetrow Christopher , Oladoyin Olumide , Wu James , Ivanov Sergei , Wang You , Chen Dongchang , Zhou Xiao‐Dong , Wei Shuya
Published: July 2024

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) have garnered extensive scientific attention as a promising alternative chemistry due to the inherent advantages associated with aluminum (Al) metal anodes, including their high theoretical capacities, cost‐effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and inherent non‐flammable properties. Nonetheless, the practical energy density of RABs is constrained by the electrolytes that support lower operational voltage windows. Herein, we report a ternary eutectic electrolyte composed of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C2C1im]Cl):1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C4C1im]Cl):aluminum chloride (AlCl3) for the application of RABs. The electrolyte exhibits a high operational potential window (~3 V vs. Al/Al3+ on SS 316) and high ionic conductivity (~8.3 mS cm−1) while exhibiting only a low temperature glass transition at −65 °C suitable for all‐climate conditions. Al||graphene nanoplatelets cell delivers a high capacity of ~117 mAh/g, and ~43 mAh/g at a very high current densities of 1 A/g and 5 A/g, respectively. The cells render a reversible capacity of 20 mAh/g at −20 °C and 17 mAh/g at −40 °C, indicating their suitability for operation under extreme environmental conditions. We comprehensively evaluated the design and optimization of carbon paper‐based battery systems. The ternary eutectic electrolyte demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, thus signifying its substantial potential for utilization in high‐performance energy storage systems in all climates.
Effects of Chatbot Components to Facilitate Mental Health Services Use in Individuals With Eating Disorders Following Online Screening: An Optimization Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Rackoff Gavin N. , Shah Jillian , Strayhorn Jillian C. , D'Adamo Laura , DePietro Bianca , Howe Carli P. , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Newman Michelle G. , Collins Linda M. , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Few individuals with eating disorders (EDs) receive treatment. Innovations are needed to identify individuals with EDs and address care barriers. We developed a chatbot for promoting services uptake that could be paired with online screening. However, it is not yet known which components drive effects. This study estimated individual and combined contributions of four chatbot components on mental health services use (primary), chatbot helpfulness, and attitudes toward changing eating/shape/weight concerns (“change attitudes,” with higher scores indicating greater importance/readiness).

Methods

Two hundred five individuals screening with an ED but not in treatment were randomized in an optimization randomized controlled trial to receive up to four chatbot components: psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, personalized service recommendations, and repeated administration (follow‐up check‐ins/reminders). Assessments were at baseline and 2, 6, and 14 weeks.

Results

Participants who received repeated administration were more likely to report mental health services use, with no significant effects of other components on services use. Repeated administration slowed the decline in change attitudes participants experienced over time. Participants who received motivational interviewing found the chatbot more helpful, but this component was also associated with larger declines in change attitudes. Participants who received personalized recommendations found the chatbot more helpful, and receiving this component on its own was associated with the most favorable change attitude time trend. Psychoeducation showed no effects.

Discussion

Results indicated important effects of components on outcomes; findings will be used to finalize decision making about the optimized intervention package. The chatbot shows high potential for addressing the treatment gap for EDs.
Plant silicon content as a proxy for understanding plant community properties and ecosystem structure
Authors: Moura Renan Fernandes , Sternberg Marcelo , Vorst Chanania , Katz Ofir
Published: July 2024

Silicon (Si) content in plant tissues is considered a functional trait that can provide multiple morpho‐physiological benefits to plant individuals. However, it is still unclear whether and how these individual benefits extend to plant community processes and ecosystem functioning. Here we investigated how plant Si content is associated with plant community properties and the ecosystem structure of herbaceous communities in Israel. We sampled 15 sites across the Mediterranean and desert ecosystems and built models to evaluate how plant silicon content (community‐weighted mean and standard variation) is associated with variables such as species richness, biomass production, plant cover, and functional diversity. Finally, we used model selection techniques to test whether models depicting plant Si content perform better than models using data on soil Si instead. Sites with lower susceptibility to drought had significantly more Si‐accumulating grass species and higher soils Si content. Models with plant Si content instead of soil Si, always performed better, although those considering Si content variation had overall stronger associations with community properties than only mean Si content. For instance, up to 51% of plant Si content variation was explained by climate, biomass production, and species richness, combined. Still, mean plant Si content and plant cover combined explained up to 42% of plant functional diversity. Our results suggest the that plant Si content serves as a proxy for understanding the ecological properties and functioning of arid and Mediterranean ecosystems. Nevertheless, the significance of Si has not been fully explored in other ecosystem types, where its influence may be less pronounced compared with the ecosystems examined in this study. In light of various global change scenarios, enhancing our understanding of Si as a plant functional trait could help bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve ecological modeling, thus enabling more accurate forecasts of changes in plant distributions.
Formulation and evaluation of functional attributes of low‐fat mozzarella cheese using aloe vera mucilage as a potential fat replacer
Authors: Akhtar Aqsa , Ansar Ramish , Araki Tetsuya , Khalid Nauman
Published: July 2024

Mozzarella is a soft white fermented cheese comprising up to 40% saturated fats and is well known for its stretchability. Consumers’ demand for low‐fat mozzarella cheese (LFMC) has increased with increasing health consciousness. However, the rubbery texture of LFMC tends to lower its acceptability. The study investigates the effect of aloe vera mucilage (AVM) as a fat replacer on the physicochemical, proximate composition, functional, and sensory attributes of LFMC using buffalo milk as substrate. For this purpose, mucilage from AV leaves was extracted and added in concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) during the formulation of LFMC treatments using the direct acidification technique. A significant reduction in fat contents of LFMC treatments prepared using AVM (p = 0.02) was observed, and among all LFMC treatments, AT2 with 2.5% AVM exhibited significantly improved (p = 0.00) stretchability and meltability. The higher free oil content of 3.8% was observed in LFMC in To (positive control), whereas the lowest (1.28%) was reported in T* (negative control). For hardness, the lowest puncture force of 2.12 and 2.17 N was experienced by the LFMC treatments prepared using 2.5% AVM v/v. The study concluded that adding AVM with a concentration of 2.5% v/v was considered best for its organoleptic properties, improving the textural and functional attributes of LFMC.

Practical Application: The demand of consumers for low‐fat mozzarella cheese (LFMC) has increased with increasing health consciousness. The rubbery texture of LFMC tends to lower its acceptability. This research will help to formulate LFMC at the industrial level, creating more diversity and availability of health‐modulating functional foods in markets.
Grid study on methane diffusion law in confined space of working face
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Kun , Qu Shi‐Jia , Wang Jian , Yang Huan
Published: July 2024

The layout of methane sensors in the working face cannot meet the needs for monitoring methane concentrations within confined spaces, and it is challenging to determine the precise locations for manual inspections. Therefore, the working face is firstly divided into different areas and grids. Then combined with the characteristics of methane emissions and the measured data on site, the boundary conditions of simulation experiments are set up and the research is carried out on the diffusion law of methane in the confined space of the working face under different conditions. The experimental results show that methane emission intensity from coal walls affects its distribution. As emission intensity rises, methane nearer the coal wall decreases, while methane further away increases. Among coal mining points, point 2 shows the widest methane diffusion range. Rising wind speeds decrease methane diffusion from the coal wall, increasing vertical diffusion distance. Methane from the coal wall shifts to the air inlet, while methane from the mining point diffuses increasingly to the downwind side. The location of the maximum methane concentration generated from falling coal and its transportation process is only related to the location of the coal mining point. The key areas for methane monitoring in confined spaces of the working face should be the overlapping locations of the vertical‐3 and vertical‐4 areas and the horizontal‐1 and horizontal‐3 areas. The key areas for manual inspection should be the overlapping locations of the vertical‐2 and vertical‐3 areas and the horizontal‐1 area.
The potential of repeated mean arterial pressure measurements for predicting early‐ and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia in twin pregnancies: Prediction model study
Authors: He Yunjiang , Xie Jinliang , Guo Yuna , Ma Jue , Wang Xiaojin , Lv Yao , Wu Siqi , Wei Siying , Xie Xianjing , Wang Bingshun
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the contribution of longitudinal mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurement during the first, second, and third trimesters of twin pregnancies to the prediction of pre‐eclampsia.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on women with twin pregnancies. Historical data between 2019 and 2021 were analyzed, including maternal characteristics and mean artery pressure measurements were obtained at 11–13, 22–24, and 28–33 weeks of gestation. The outcome measures included pre‐eclampsia with delivery <34 and ≥34 weeks of gestation. Models were developed using logistic regression, and predictive performance was evaluated using the area under the curve, detection rate at a given false‐positive rate of 10%, and calibration plots. Internal validation was conducted via bootstrapping.

Results

A total of 943 twin pregnancies, including 36 (3.82%) women who experienced early‐onset pre‐eclampsia and 93 (9.86%) who developed late‐onset pre‐eclampsia, were included in this study. To forecast pre‐eclampsia during the third trimester, the most accurate prediction for early‐onset pre‐eclampsia resulted from a combination of maternal factors and MAP measured during this trimester. The optimal predictive model for late‐onset pre‐eclampsia includes maternal factors and MAP data collected during the second and third trimesters. The areas under the curve were 0.937 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.894–0.981) and 0.887 (95% CI 0.852–0.921), respectively. The corresponding detection rates were 83.33% (95% CI 66.53%–93.04%) for early‐onset pre‐eclampsia and 68.82% (95% CI 58.26%–77.80%) for late‐onset pre‐eclampsia.

Conclusion

Repeated measurements of MAP during pregnancy significantly improved the accuracy of late‐onset pre‐eclampsia prediction in twin pregnancies. The integration of longitudinal data into pre‐eclampsia screening may be an effective and valuable strategy.
Progressive colonic stenosis in an infant: Successful treatment with endoscopic balloon dilation
Authors: Plubjang Korppong , Chatpermporn Kanticha , Srisan Nimmita , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Phewplung Teerasak , Mahayosnond Atchara , Sintusek Palittiya
Published: July 2024

Acquired colonic stenosis is extremely rare in infants and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Endoscopic balloon dilation has shown success in treating bowel stenosis from inflammatory bowel disease but its application in infants with colonic strictures of other origin has not been widely explored. We report a 4‐week‐old male infant who developed significant abdominal distension due to progressive colonic stenosis, occurring 2 weeks following balloon valvuloplasty for his severe valvular pulmonary stenosis. The progressive colonic stenosis was successfully managed through endoscopic balloon dilation. Following this procedure, he exhibited clinical improvement, with subsequent imaging revealing no remaining stricture. Over the 16‐month follow‐up period, no clinical features suggestive of constipation or lower gut obstruction were observed. This case serves as evidence that endoscopic balloon dilation is a promising and safe therapeutic option for treating colonic stenosis in infants.
Predicted methane production from Italian ryegrass pastures with contrasting chemical composition under sheep grazing in Northern Norway
Authors: Lardy Q. , Ramin M. , Hetta M. , Jørgensen G. H. M. , Lind V.
Published: July 2024

Background

The Norwegian sheep farming system relies on forages, such as grass silage during winter and grazing cultivated leys and rangeland pastures during summer. Sheep and other ruminants produce enteric methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas of interest, and there is a need for reliable data on gas emissions from sheep capturing both the indoor feeding period and the grazing season. This study utilized an in vitro gas technique (with standard cow rumen fluid) and modeling approach to estimate CH4 production and fermentation patterns based on two different qualities of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture under sheep grazing.

Results

Herbage quality was examined for two 10‐day periods, in July and August. Differences in chemical composition of the herbage during these periods had an impact on herbage digestibility and CH4 production. Total gas production and CH4 levels were significantly higher for lower quality herbage grazed in July than for higher quality herbage grazed in August (p < 0.005). Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen remained constant between the two periods, but the higher acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio correlated with the higher CH4 production.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that pasture quality is an important factor to consider when implementing grazing strategies to reduce enteric CH4 production in sheep.
Unlocking the nutraceutical potential of Corylus avellana L. shells: microwave‐assisted extraction of phytochemicals with antiradical and anti‐diabetic properties
Authors: Maccarronello Anna E. , Cardullo Nunzio , Silva Ana Margarida , Di Francesco Antonella , Costa Paulo C. , Rodrigues Francisca , Muccilli Vera
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the demand for high‐quality natural extracts to be included in nutraceutical formulations has increased sharply. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shells (HZS) are underrated agricultural by‐products that could be exploited as a source of active ingredients with pro‐healthy properties. In the present study, a fully green microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method was established for the first time aiming to recover bioactive constituents from HZS with significant nutraceutical value. Key MAE parameters, including ethanol in water concentration, microwave power, irradiation time and solvent‐to‐powder ratio, were optimized through response surface methodology utilizing a Box–Behnken design to achieve the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant/antiradical activities in the final extract.

RESULTS

The optimal MAE conditions (28% v/v ethanol/water, 270 s, 670 W, and 37 mL g−1) yielded an extract with significant scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species and remarkable inhibitory activity towards both α‐amylase (IC50 = 7.73 μg mL−1) and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 49.44 μg mL−1), demonstrating stronger hypoglycaemic properties than the anti‐diabetic drug acarbose. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy results highlighted the ability of the optimized extract from HZS (OHS‐E) to counteract advanced glycation end‐product formation throughout the glycation cascade in a dose‐dependent manner. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry profiling unveiled the presence of fatty acids and phenolic compounds, including lignans, flavonoids, gallic acid derivatives and diarylheptanoids. Lastly, the biocompatibility of OHS‐E was attested on HT29‐MTX and Caco‐2 intestinal cells.

CONCLUSION

Altogether, these findings encourage the potential application of OHS‐E as an effective nutraceutical component against type 2 diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Steps Toward Recapitulating Endothelium: A Perspective on the Next Generation of Hemocompatible Coatings
Authors: Witzdam Lena , White Tom , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar
Published: July 2024

Endothelium, the lining in this blood vessel, orchestrates three main critical functions such as protecting blood components, modulating of hemostasis by secreting various inhibitors, and directing clot digestion (fibrinolysis) by activating tissue plasminogen activator. No other surface can perform these tasks; thus, the contact of blood and blood‐contacting medical devices inevitably leads to the activation of coagulation, often causing device failure, and thromboembolic complications. This perspective, first, discusses the biological mechanisms of activation of coagulation and highlights the efforts of advanced coatings to recapitulate one characteristic of endothelium, hereafter single functions of endothelium and noting necessity of the synergistic integration of its three main functions. Subsequently, it is emphasized that to overcome the challenges of blood compatibility an endothelium‐mimicking system is needed, proposing a synergy of bottom‐up synthetic biology, particularly synthetic cells, with passive‐ and bioactive surface coatings. Such integration holds promise for developing advanced biomaterials capable of recapitulating endothelial functions, thereby enhancing the hemocompatibility and performance of blood‐contacting medical devices.
On the spectrum of the algebra of bounded‐type symmetric analytic functions on ℓ1$\ell _1$
Authors: Chernega Iryna , Galindo Pablo , Zagorodnyuk Andriy
Published: July 2024

We obtain a complete description of the spectrum of the Fréchet algebra of symmetric analytic functions bounded on balls on the sequence space . This is achieved after proving that on the analogous algebra for , , the radius function of any evaluation homomorphism , coincides with the norm of .
Boundedness in a quasilinear forager–exploiter model
Authors: Wang Jianping , Zhang Qianying
Published: July 2024

We study a forager–exploiter model with nonlinear diffusions:
where is a smooth bounded domain, is a nonnegative bounded function, satisfying
with some sufficiently large . Global‐in‐time solutions are established for corresponding Neumann initial‐boundary value problem.
The energy decay rate of a transmission system governed by the degenerate wave equation with drift and under heat conduction with the memory effect
Authors: Akil Mohammad , Fragnelli Genni , Issa Ibtissam
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of the transmission problem of the degenerate wave equation and the heat equation under the Coleman–Gurtin heat conduction law or Gurtin–Pipkin law with the memory effect. We investigate the polynomial stability of this system when employing the Coleman–Gurtin heat conduction, establishing a decay rate of type . Next, we demonstrate exponential stability in the case when Gurtin–Pipkin heat conduction is applied.
Highly Efficient Recycling Waste Plastic into Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes through a Double Layer Microwave‐Assisted Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Wang Song , Hu Yanbing , Lu Shuai , Zhang Bin , Li Sanxi , Chen Xuecheng
Published: July 2024

Microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of PE to hydrogen and carbon material has great potential to solve the problem of waste PE induced white pollution and provide a promising way to produce hydrogen energy. To increase the hydrogen yield, a new microwave‐assisted pyrolysis procedure should be developed. In the present study, a facile double‐layer microwave‐assisted pyrolysis (DLMP) method is developed to pyrolyze PE. Within this method, PE can be converted to hydrogen, multiwalled carbon nanotubes with extremely high efficiency compared with the traditional methods. A high hydrogen yield of 66.4 mmol g−1PE is achieved, which is ≈93% of the upper limit of the theoretical hydrogen yield generated from the PE pyrolysis process. The mechanism of high hydrogen yield during the microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of PE using the DLMP method is also clarified in detail. The DLMP method paved the potential way for recycling plastic waste into high‐value‐added products.
Corporate strategies to protect software innovation: Empirical evidences from South Korea
Authors: Choi Jeong Woo , Kim Kyunam , Kim Yeonbae
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are blind spots in decision making to protect innovation by examining how formal and informal protection systems affect software innovation. We empirically compared the innovation activities of 218 software companies with 261 information and communication technology (ICT) manufacturing companies in South Korea. Our results confirm that formal protection system alone is insufficient to protect software innovation, but its effect may vary depending on the corporate size. While, combination of patent with complicated designs is effective. More sophisticated policy to complement informal protections for small and medium‐sized enterprises with less than 100 employees is needed.
AAPM task group report 288: Recommendations for guiding radiotherapy event narratives
Authors: Thomadsen Bruce , Kapur Ajay , Blankenship Bette , Caldwell Barrett , Claps Lindsey , Cunningham Joanne , Elee Jennifer , Evans Suzanne , Ford Eric , Gilley Debbie , Hayden Sandra , Hintenlang Kathleen , Kapoor Rishabh , Kildea John , Kroger Linda , Kujundzic Ksenija , Liang Qing , Mutic Sasa , O'Donovan Anita , O'Hara Michael , Ouhib Zoubir , Palta Jatinder , Pawlicki Todd , Salter William , Schmidt Stacey , Tripathi Sugata
Published: July 2024

Incident reporting and learning systems provide an opportunity to identify systemic vulnerabilities that contribute to incidents and potentially degrade quality. The narrative of an incident is intended to provide a clear, easy to understand description of an incident. Unclear, incomplete or poorly organized narratives compromise the ability to learn from them. This report provides guidance for drafting effective narratives, with particular attention to the use of narratives in incident reporting and learning systems (IRLS). Examples are given that compare effective and less than effective narratives. This report is mostly directed to organizations that maintain IRLS, but also may be helpful for individuals who desire to write a useful narrative for entry into such a system. Recommendations include the following: (1) Systems should allow a one‐ or two‐sentence, free‐text synopsis of an incident without guessing at causes; (2) Information included should form a sequence of events with chronology; and (3) Reporting and learning systems should consider using the headings suggested to guide the reporter through the narrative: (a) incident occurrences and actions by role; (b) prior circumstances and actions; (c) method by which the incident was identified; (d) equipment related details if relevant; (e) recovery actions by role; (f) relevant time span between responses; (g) and how individuals affected during or immediately after incident. When possible and appropriate, supplementary information including relevant data elements should be included using numerical scales or drop‐down choices outside of the narrative. Information that should not be included in the narrative includes: (a) patient health information (PHI); (b) conjecture or blame; (c) jargon abbreviations or details without specifying their significance; (d) causal analysis.
Comprehensive analysis including in‐game spending and violent game playing in patients with internet gaming disorder
Authors: Minami Haruka , Shirai Toshiyuki , Okada Shohei , Miyachi Masao , Tanifuji Takaki , Okazaki Satoshi , Horai Tadasu , Mouri Kentaro , Otsuka Ikuo , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: July 2024

Aim

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is receiving increasing attention. In particular, violent gameplay or in‐game spending affects the psychiatric conditions and economic difficulties of patients. We conducted regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the associations between a comprehensive list of factors in patients with IGD, including the degree of internet or gaming dependence, developmental problems, family background, severity of depression, sleeping habits, in‐game spending, and first‐person shooter (FPS) and third‐person shooter (TPS) game playing.

Methods

The participants were 47 Japanese individuals (39 males and 8 females) aged ≤20 years diagnosed with IGD with complete data from the internet addiction test, autism spectrum quotient, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants were asked whether their parents have divorce history, whether they have siblings, whether they play FPS or TPS games, and whether they engage in in‐game spending. Firstly, we compared these factors between males and females; secondly, we conducted regression analysis and path analysis in male patients.

Results

As for simple comparison between sex, female patients showed greater severity of IGD and depressive score. In regression analysis of male patients, significant associations were found between FPS or TPS game playing and in‐game spending. We also created path diagrams.

Conclusion

The results of the comprehensive analyses suggest the possibility that bidirectional synergistic effects could be achieved by gradually reducing both violent game playing and in‐game spending. The concept of internet dependence has a wide range of meanings, and for each subtype, it is important to consider the background that led to the dependence to make individualized environmental adjustments and provide psychotherapy.
Superhydrophobic surface development via atmospheric pressure plasma deposition of cyclic silazane
Authors: Rendon Piedrahita Camilo , Baba Kamal , Quintana Robert , Choquet Patrick
Published: July 2024

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane (OTMSD), a cyclic silazane precursor, is deposited via atmospheric pressure plasma onto a substrate. The resulting coating exhibits a dual surface roughness, contributing to a significant reduction of surface wettability. Notably, the coating exhibits superhydrophobic characteristics, proven by a water contact angle of approximately 170°, hysteresis angle below 10°, very low tilting angle (<10°), and droplet‐bouncing effect. Importantly, this superhydrophobicity is achieved using OTMSD as fluorine‐free precursor with low reactivity to water. Furthermore, the deposition process is carried out using a commercially available plasma device highlighting its practicality and scalability for large‐scale production.
TPCA‐1 compound, inhibiting testis‐specific serine/threonine protein kinase 3 for potential male sterile in Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Lu Xiuping , Fan Zeling , Deng Jing , Zhang Surui , Zhang Lulu , Zha Xingfu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Protein kinases are a type of transferase enzyme that catalyze the phosphorylation of protein substrates, including receptor proteins. Testis‐specific serine/threonine kinases (TSSKs) are a highly conserved group of protein kinases found in various organisms. They play an essential role in male reproduction by influencing sperm development and function.

RESULTS

In this study, we report on the characterization of BmTSSK3, a TSSK from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We found that BmTSSK3 is specifically expressed in the testis and localized to the sperm flagella, particularly in the sperm tail cyst. Furthermore, we developed BmTSSK3 inhibitors through molecular docking and binding assays. Small molecules 5‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)‐2‐ureidothiophene‐3‐carboxamide (TPCA‐1) and Imidurea were identified to bind to BmTSSK3. Using site‐specific mutation technology, we identified amino acid residues R134 and S184 as crucial binding sites for small molecules. RNA interference assay and Western blot analysis showed that knockdown of BmTSSK3 significantly decreased histone 3 phosphorylation. To confirm the inhibitory effect of these small molecules, we treated silkworm testes with TPCA‐1 and observed a strong inhibitory effect.

CONCLUSION

TPCA‐1 is an inhibitor of BmTSSK3, which raises its potential as a future candidate for male sterility of the silkworm. Thus, this study may offer a novel strategy for sterile silkworms as well as insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient Study Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Dose–Response Data Using Fractional Polynomials
Authors: Hartley Benjamin F. , Lunn Dave , Mander Adrian P.
Published: July 2024

Correctly characterising the dose–response relationship and taking the correct dose forward for further study is a critical part of the drug development process. We use optimal design theory to compare different designs and show that using longitudinal data from all available timepoints in a continuous‐time dose–response model can substantially increase the efficiency of estimation of the dose–response compared to a single timepoint model. We give theoretical results to calculate the efficiency gains for a large class of these models. For example, a linearly growing Emax dose–response in a population with a between/within‐patient variance ratio ranging from 0.1 to 1 measured at six visits can be estimated with between 1.43 and 2.22 times relative efficiency gain, or equivalently, with 30% to a 55% reduced sample size, compared to a single model of the final timepoint. Fractional polynomials are a flexible way to incorporate data from repeated measurements, increasing precision without imposing strong constraints. Longitudinal dose–response models using two fractional polynomial terms are robust to mis‐specification of the true longitudinal process while maintaining, often large, efficiency gains. These models have applications for characterising the dose–response at interim or final analyses.