bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O risco de incêndio florestal e a prática da pastorícia em 4 concelhos da serra da Estrela: tentativa de correlação
Authors: Nunes Adélia
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo relaciona-se o risco de incêndio florestal com a prática da pastorícia em 4 concelhos da região demarcada do queijo da Serra da Estrela- Celorico da Beira, Fornos de Algodres, Gouveia e Seia - com base na análise estatística dos fogos florestais que aí se verificaram ao longo dos últimos 19 anos.
Cerrado: o fogo como agente ecológico
Authors: Nascimento Itaborai Velasco
Published: November 2016

Depois da definição de cerrado e da caracterização dos seus diversos tipos, salienta-se a importância da presença da água em mantos freáticos a pequena profundidade. Os grandes riscos para a existência do cerrado vêm do homem, através da produção agropecuária e da produção de carvão de madeira. O fogo é mais um risco para as instalações humanas do que para o próprio cerrado que parece precisar dele para o seu desenvolvimento.
O impacte da poluição atmosférica urbana na precipitação ao fim de semana - um estudo de caso no Porto (1978-2000)
Authors: Monteiro Ana
Published: November 2016

A reflexão sobre o contributo do modus vi vendi urbano na ocorrência de precipitação ao fim de semana que nos propusemos fazer a partir dos registos diários de precipitação da estação de Porto-Serrado Pilar entre Janeiro de 1978 e Dezembro de 1998, permitiu-nos observar que o número de fins de semana em que choveu, pelo menos num dos dias, foi considerável. Dos 1096 fins de semana analisados verificamos que choveu em 589 (54%). A análise da distribuição dos fins de semana chuvosos por cada um dos meses, ao longo dos vinte anos em análise, pode contribuir para nos questionarmos sobre a magnitude dos impactes provocados pelo Homem na quantidade e no ritmo de distribuição da precipitação à escala local e regional.
Riscos naturais e sociedade estudo de caso no concelho de Braga
Authors: Teles Virgínia
Published: November 2016

As ameaças com que nos deparamos na sociedade actual levam-nos a equacionar a segurança, também em termos ambientais. A novas ameaças associam-se novos riscos, novas inquietações e medos e é neste contexto que, através da realização de um inquérito a alguns habitantes do concelho de Braga, se pretendeu avaliar o nível de conhecimento que as populações têm do risco e, em particular, qual a sua percepção acerca dos riscos naturais. Para a maioria dos inquiridos, o caso de Lamaçães, que consideraram paradigmático em termos de desordenamento urbano, resultou num bom exemplo de que a definição de estratégias de desenvolvimento para o concelho de Braga deve contemplar a temática dos riscos naturais.
Considerações acerca da movimentação em massa ocorrida na vertente poente da Av. Elísio de Moura, em Coimbra
Authors: Lourenço Luciano , Lemos Luis J. L.
Published: November 2016

No Inverno de 1997, ocorreu no local um esboço de deslizamento, na sequência do qual foram efectuadas algumas obras de estabilização da vertente, que muito aumentaram a segurança de toda a encosta. Cerca de três anos depois, no dia 27 de Dezembro de 2000, registou-se novo deslizamento no mesmo local, situado entre a Rua António Jardim e as traseiras dum prédio com 16 andares, o n"339 da Av. Elísio de Moura. Este deslizamento movimentou um volume de terras avaliado em cerca de 4 000 m3, afectando uma área com cerca de 120x60 me com, aproximadamente, 50 m de desnível, tendo arrastado o respectivo coberto vegetal, constituído essencialmente por eucaliptos de grande porte. Esta movimentação ficou a dever-se, por um lado, a intervenções antrópicas na vertente e, por outro lado, às precipitações anormais que antecederam o evento.
Vulnerabilidade e risco resultante da ocupação de uma planície aluvial - o exemplo das cheias do rio Mondego (Portugal central), no inverno de 2000/2001
Authors: Cunha P. Proença
Published: November 2016

Durante os anos setenta, desenvolveu-se um projecto de protecção maciça de cheias e de modificação dos canais; apesar desses esforços, o rio Mondego reclamou-se numa grande escala no Inverno de 2000/2001. No auge da inundação quase toda a planície aluvial ficou submersa. Apresentam-se estas importantes cheias do rio, constituindo um bom exemplo de risco associado a inundações em ambiente terrestre. Descrevem-se os controlas físicos das cheias, os processos e os efeitos das inundações na planície aluvial, a resposta humana, bem como se referem implicações no ordenamento do território e na vulnerabilidade/risco.
Quando os rios galgam as margens. Um breve retrato das cheias de 5 de janeiro de 2001 nos concelhos de Braga e de Guimarães
Authors: Teles Virgínia
Published: November 2016

Pela quantidade de precipitação e pelo carácter praticamente consecutivo dos dias de chuva, o Inverno de 2000-2001 ficará certamente marcado como um dos mais catastróficos de que há memória no nosso país. No Minho, os casos do rio Cávado, com inundações em Prado (Vila Verde) e Padim da Graça (Braga) e do rio Ave, com inundações em Caldas das Taipas (Guimarães), mas, sobretudo, um acontecimento de que não há memória: o rio Este a sair do seu leito e a inundar algumas fábricas do Parque Industrial de Celeirós (Braga), impedindo a circulação automóvel nas imediações deste local durante parte do dia, foram os eleitos para reflectirmos sobre a problemática dos riscos hidrológicos, nomeadamente dos riscos de inundação.
Luanda e os seus dois arcos complexos de vulnerabilidade e risco: o das restingas e ilhas baixas e o das escarpas abarracadas
Authors: Amaral Llidio do
Published: November 2016

Luanda e os seus dois arcos complexos de vulnerabilidade e risco: das restingas longas e ilhas baixas de areias siliciosas, e das escarpas moldadas em camadas sedimentares brandas com algumas intercalações de rochas mais resistentes, densamente abarrocadas. Clima caracterizado pela alternância de um período curto de chuvas fortes nos meses mais quentes, os primeiros do ano, e de um longo período seco, com meses menos quentes (cacimba); vegetação do tipo savana acusando ambiência de semi-aridez, bem representada sobre as areias vermelhas que cobrem o planalto. Modificações naturais e perturbações resultantes de intervenções humanas. A necessidade de medidas correctas para o acompanhamento e minoração dos efeitos negativos da erosão marinha e da erosão terrestre.
Região centro de Portugal: duas décadas de incêndios florestais
Authors: Nunes Adélia
Published: November 2016

Região Centro (R.C) de Portugal tem sido, nestes últimos 20 anos, a mais devastada pelos incêndios florestais, apesar de registar fortes variações internas na sua ocorrência e gravidade. Nestas circunstâncias, analisar a evolução temporal e o comportamento espacial dos fogos, ocorridos entre 1980 e 2000, e desvendar alguns dos aspectos geohumanos da sua incidência, são os principais objectivos deste trabalho. Para concretizar este último objectivo socorremo-nos de uma metodologia que associa, através do Coeficiente de Correlação Linear de Bravais-Pearson, informações ambientais e sócio-económicas com os incêndios florestais, com a intenção de medir a intensidade da respectiva relação.
Enabling Communications in Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems: Electricity Markets Ontology
Authors: Santos Gabriel , Pinto Tiago , Vale Zita , Praça Isabel , Morais Hugo
Published: November 2016

Electricity markets worldwide are complex and dynamic environments with very particular characteristics, resulting from their restructuring and evolution into regional and continental scales, along with the constant changes brought by the increasing necessity for an adequate integration of renewable energy sources. The rising complexity and unpredictability in electricity markets has increased the need for the intervenient entities in foreseeing market behaviour. Several modelling tools directed to the study of restructured wholesale electricity markets have emerged. However, they have a common limitation: the lack of interoperability between the various systems to allow the exchange of information and knowledge, to test different market models and to allow market players from different systems to interact in common market environments. This paper proposes the Electricity Markets Ontology, which integrates the essential necessary concepts related with electricity markets, while enabling an easier cooperation and adequate communication between related systems. Additionally, it can be extended and complemented according to the needs of other simulators and real systems in this area
Bargaining agents based system for automatic classification of potential allergens in recipes
Authors: Alemany José , Heras Stella , Palanca Javier , Julián Vicente
Published: November 2016

The automatic recipe recommendation which take into account the dietary restrictions of users (such as allergies or intolerances) is a complex and open problem. Some of the limitations of the problem is the lack of food databases correctly labeled with its potential allergens and non-unification of this information by companies in the food sector. In the absence of an appropriate solution, people affected by food restrictions cannot use recommender systems, because this recommend them inappropriate recipes. In order to resolve this situation, in this article we propose a solution based on a collaborative multi-agent system, using negotiation and machine learning techniques, is able to detect and label potential allergens in recipes. The proposed system is being employed in receteame.com, a recipe recommendation system which includes persuasive technologies, which are interactive technologies aimed at changing users’ attitudes or behaviors through persuasion and social influence, and social information to improve the recommendations.
Orchid diversity at a residual plateu on Caroebe, Roraima
Authors: Luz Francisco Joaci de Freitas , Oliveira Jane Maria Franco de , Silva Gladis De Fátima Nunes da
Published: November 2016

Orchids were observed in a granitic mountain hill at the, Caroebe road 35, Roraima, at February and June of 2016. It was observed the occurrence of orchids in three different points: the base of the mountain, with typical humid tropical dry land forest; the forest around the rocky top of the mountain, with the presence of thin trees about 15 meters high, medium light entrance below the vegetation; and the granitic plateau, more sun incidence and surrounded by small shrubs. The total area surveyed was of 5 hectares. The orchids encountered in the whole trail were prior identified locally, just as their localization by GPS and according to their growth habit (epiphytic, terrestrial or rupicolous). It was found 28 species. The majority of the indivíduals identified in this survey were found on organic layers accumulated over the granitic rock, as follow: Catasetum planiceps, Catasetum discolor, Cyrtopodium andersonii, Encyclia granitica, Epidendrum ibaguense, Epidendrum viviparum, Cleistes rosea e Nohawilliamsia pirarensis. At the forest that surrounds the rocky hill it was observed, associated to small trees, the following epiphyte orchids: Dimerandra emarginata, Octomeria sp., Scaphyglottis sickii, Trigonidium acuminatum and Cattleya violacea. At the forest covering the base of the mountain it was found the larger number of species (13), with predominance of epiphytes. Besides the larger number found, the frequency of these species was very low, except for Camaridium ochroleucum and Heterotaxis superflua that were found in larger quantity associated to some sort of trees. The specie Liparis nervosa was found only associated to the base of a unique tree, over the organic matter accumulated locally. The large number of orchids found in the study area indicates its importance for more comprehensive studies and stresses the importance for conservation.
Environmentální gramotnost žáků 2. stupně v Žatci – výzkumná sonda
Authors: Svobodová Silvie , Kroufek Roman
Published: November 2016

The article presents the results of investigation into enviromental literacy of 12 – 15 years old pupils at elementary school in Žatec, 1019 28th October Square, Žatec, the district of Louny.The study was devoted to three aspects of enviromental literacy: 1) enviromental attitudes; 2) commitment to environmental behaviour; 3) real enviromental behaviour in standard life situations.We took a sample of 67 respondents from Classes 6 to 9 to find out the relationship of the particular components of enviromental literacy – using the adapted  research tools, expanded and modified version of the questionnaire retransmitted; and the effect of gender or age of respondents on detected numbers of chosen aspects.The relationship between the attitudes and behaviour, real and indended, wasn´t proved; the same as the effect of gender on the chosen components of the enviromental literacy wasn´t shown significantly.On the contrary, the results regarding the influence of age of respondents on particular aspects brought more notable findings – there was no remarkable difference in attitudes across the classes, however the results of intended and real behaviour, i. e. intention to act positively for the environment and fulfilling of this intention, decreased depending on increasing age.
Permakultura a teorie environmentální výchovy (EV): mapující přehledová studie
Authors: Janáková Monika
Published: November 2016

The text deals with the concept of permaculture in the context of environmental education (EE). It shows the position of permaculture as a concept in the context of established theories of EE. The review is based on library research of approximately 400 texts from Czech and foreign library sources. The texts were chosen based on the following key words: environmental education (theory, values, and history), ecological education global education, education towards care of the environment, education for environmental protection, education for the sustainable development (Czech sources); theory of environmental education, permaculture (foreign sources). An own typology of EE theories (micro-theories, medium-range theories, macrotheories and philosophical and ethical theories) is used in the text for framing the concept in the field. The main finding is that permaculture as a concept lies on the periphery of theoretical discussions in EE, at the moment it is more of a tool of practical EE (mostly in the form of manuals for using gardens in EE) rather than a component of EE theory. The biggest overlap is between permaculture and global education and theories of place based education and experience based education. In general, permaculture is not a sufficiently sophisticated theoretical concept, but it has theoretical potential. In this respect permaculture is a challenge for theoretical research in educational sciences.
O potrebe talentových skúšok nielen na umeleckých študijných odboroch
Authors: Franc Valerián
Published: November 2016

Article seeks answers to difficult questions of professional qualifications to practice as a teacher of natural sciences, especially biology. The alienation of human and nature that in the 21st century continues, creates conditions for unwanted and senseless phobia related to „traditional“ animals such as snakes, mice, bats and spiders, of course. Animals from which they fear not only the ladies, but also gentlemen, it seems, are steadily increasing – the object of fear or resistance may already be and also animals like lizard, frog, earthworm, snail, caterpillar, and even dog and cat. The main reason of zoophobia is insufficient knowledge: the current verbal-theoretical concept of teaching biology (at least in Slovakia) is reflected in very low level of knowledge of living organisms of the majority of the contemporary generation. Unfortunately, it happens quite often now that the girl, but also boy who started the study of the biology teacher, fears of frogs, snails, earthworms, the phobic states of snakes and spiders, not to mention. It is very questionable, how can such a person a few years later practice the profession of teaching biology. Therefore we should seriously consider the necessity of aptitude tests for future teachers of biology; this will help „filter out“ the persons who, due to unsurpassed aversion to some of the animals for biology teachers obviously do not fit.
Approximative Green’s Functions on Surfaces and Pointwise Error Estimates for the Finite Element Method
Authors: Kröner Heiko
Published: November 2016

In this paper we give a new proof of the

L
∞

${L^{\infty}}$

-error estimate for the finite element approximation of the
Laplace–Beltrami equation with an additional lower order term on a surface.
While the proof available in the literature uses the method of perturbed bilinear forms from Schatz and Wahlbin, we adapt Scott’s proof from an Euclidean setting to the surface case. Furthermore, in contrast to the literature we use an approximative Green’s function on the surface instead of an exact Green’s function which is obtained by lifting an Euclidean Green’s function locally from the tangent plane
to the surface.
Multi-media theme repertoires in the everyday identity practices of young adults
Authors: Kleinen-von Königslöw Katharina , Förster Kati
Published: November 2016

While the role of the media in the identity work of children, adolescents, migrants or fans of particular genres and formats has seen much research, little attention has been paid to the impact of everyday media practices on the general identity work of young adults. To address this gap, we conducted an explorative study based on four-week media diaries of 59 students. These were used to identify four different types of multi-media theme repertoires and the ways in which they are employed for different identity practices. While drama-lovers and sports-fans differ strongly in their thematic interests, they share a similar identity style, relying mostly on practices of identification and of expressing their affiliation to certain in-groups via media content. In contrast, the identity style of news-aficionados and intense-media-users is mainly based on practices of distinction.
Dynamic moisture sorption and hygroexpansion of Populus euramericana Cv. under two cyclic hygrothermal conditions
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Ma Erni , Zhang Jianhui
Published: November 2016

Poplar (Populus euramericana Cv.) specimens, 20 mm in radial (r) and tangential (t) directions with thicknesses of 4 mm and 10 mm along the longitudinal direction, were subjected to cyclic environmental conditions, in the course of which the relative humidity (RH) changed sinusoidally between 75% and 45% at 20°C (condition A), or the temperature (T) was changed sinusoidally within 5–35°C at 60% RH (condition B). Moisture content (MC), as well as the t- and r-dimensional changes were measured as a response to the dynamic environmental conditions. The measured data also changed sinusoidally but they lagged behind the triggering original RH or T data. This effect was much higher under condition A than under condition B. The observed equivalent RH and T changes at different ΔMCs or Δts served for comparison of the responses to RH and T, and the former were less pronounced than the latter. MC and t-dimensional changes per unit change of RH were greater than those per unit change of T but still lower than static values. In summary, the effects of dynamic RH change are larger than those of T, especially concerning MC responses compared to dimensional changes.
Fachplan Gesundheit – ein neues Konzept für eine nachhaltige, gesundheitsförderliche Kommunalentwicklung
Authors: Claßen Thomas , Mekel Odile
Published: November 2016

Das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) erarbeitet seit 2009 ein Konzept zur Einführung lokaler Fachpläne Gesundheit. Der Fachplan Gesundheit versteht sich als Instrument des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes im kommunalen Steuerungs- und Planungszyklus u.a. mit dem Ziel, gesundheitsbezogenem, verhältnisorientiertem Handeln mehr Stringenz, Transparenz, Konsens und Verbindlichkeit zu verleihen. Im Beitrag werden bisherige Aktivitäten und Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung des Fachplans aufgezeigt.
Prävention von Gesundheitsrisiken in städtischen Wärmeinseln
Authors: Grewe Henny Annette
Published: November 2016

Mit dem Klimawandel steigt das Risiko von Hitzeereignissen in städtischen Wärmeinseln, die zu erhöhter Mortalität und Morbidität führen können. Europäische Länder entwickelten in Folge der Ereignisse des Hitzesommers 2003 Präventionsstrategien. Hitze-Aktions-Pläne nach Empfehlungen der WHO Europa fokussieren Interventionen im Ereignisfall und sind in Deutschland unzureichend umgesetzt. Systematische Ansätze zur Reduktion der Exposition durch Städteplanung und Wohnraumanpassung stehen noch am Anfang.
Integrierte Berichterstattung für ressortübergreifende kommunale Gesundheitspolitik
Authors: Borrmann Brigitte , Rosenkötter Nicole
Published: November 2016

Durch integrierte Berichterstattung können spezifische Belastungsprofile einzelner Sozialräume auf kommunaler Ebene identifiziert werden. Im Idealfall wird ein ressortübergreifendes Handeln durch die politischen Entscheidungsträger gefördert und dessen Zielsetzung durch gemeinsame, auf das Allgemeinwohl abzielende Outcomes definiert. Eine etablierte kommunale Gesundheitsberichterstattung kann aber auch durch bilaterale Kooperationen mit anderen Ressorts dazu beitragen, dass Belange der Bevölkerungsgesundheit in die Kommunalpolitik einfließen.
Urban planning as a tool to enhance the health of city inhabitants
Authors: Mackiewicz Karolina
Published: November 2016

Urban planning significantly impacts the health of inhabitants of the cities. Living environment affects if people exercise or not, if they decide to commute to work by bike or on foot, if they feel safe and finally if they enjoy the wellbeing. The responsibility for urban planning is in the hands of the local governments. This paper presents examples from the European WHO Healthy Cities, particularly from Turku, Finland about innovative and healthy solutions in urban planning.
Wie können die Gesundheitsversorgung, -förderung und Prävention regional optimiert werden? Die Entwicklung der Gesundheitsregionenplus in Bayern
Authors: Bodeker Malte , Deiters Timo , Eicher Albert , Hollederer Alfons , Pfister Florian , Wildner Manfred
Published: November 2016

Die Vernetzung lokaler Akteure ist eine strukturelle Voraussetzung zur Optimierung der Gesundheitsversorgung, Pravention/Gesundheitsforderung und Regionalentwicklung. In 33 bayerischen Gesundheitsregionenplus werden hierzu Akteure aus dem Gesundheitswesen sowohl untereinander, als auch mit angrenzenden Politikbereichen vernetzt, um regionale Public Health-Probleme kooperativ zu losen und Synergiepotenziale zu erschließen.
Megacities und Urban Health aus internationaler Perspektive
Authors: Krämer Alexander
Published: November 2016

Die Urbanisierung mit Bildung von Megastädten stellt eine wesentliche auch die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung betreffende soziale Transformation dar. Die vor allem in Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen massiv voranschreitende Megapolisierung resultiert in einer Globalisierung von Gesundheit, welche sich in einer allgemeinen Konvergenz von Risikofaktoren und Krankheitslasten zeigt.
Präventionsgesetz: Zum Stand der Umsetzung aus kommunaler Sicht
Authors: Janz Anne , Heckenhahn Markus
Published: November 2016

Als langjährige Trägerinnen von Leistungen der Gesundheitsförderung tragen Kommunen ganz wesentlich zu einer bürgernahen, bedarfsgerechten und systematischen Umsetzung des Präventionsgesetzes bei.
Design and performance analysis of small-sized multiband microstrip patch antenna on custom-made biopolymer substrate
Authors: Ahsan Md Rezwanul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Ullah Mohammad Habib
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a simple design analysis and performance evaluation of rectangular, slotted, microstrip feed patch antenna. The design processes are performed by employing the finite element method (FEM)-based commercial EM simulation software High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS). The proposed multiband antenna is composed of a rectangular, slotted radiator formed with four arc slots and central square slot, reduced ground plane, and microstrip line for feeding. The patch antenna is excited through the standard 50 Ω RF transmission line, impedance-compliant SMA connector that is connected to the microstrip line. The optimal parametric dimensions from the numerical simulations are used for constructing the physical prototype on a custom-made, ceramic-filled biopolymer substrate of ε
r=10.0. Based on simulation results, the experimental data are collected, analyzed, and compared; the surface current distributions on the patch, gain, and radiation patterns are critically discussed. The measured results show the impedance bandwidths for S11 less than -10 dB are 712 MHz at 0.788 GHz band, 1.38 GHz at 3.34 GHz band, and 2.46 GHz at 8.01 GHz band. The good radiation pattern performances, almost stable gain over the bands, and appreciable bandwidths recommend the antenna for operating in RFID, WiMAX, and C/X-band applications.
Vergleichsproben aus Silizium für die Flächenrauheit
Authors: Frühauf Joachim , Gärtner Eva , Koenders Ludger , Felgner Andre
Published: November 2016

Für Vergleiche von Flächenrauheiten mit optischen Messinstrumenten wurden verschiedene Silizium-Vergleichsproben
mit Rauheiten zwischen 8 nm < Sa < 1000 nm entwickelt. Durch geeignete geätzte
Markierungen ist eine Mikrometer-genaue Positionierung des Messfeldes möglich. Mit zwei unterschiedlichen
Konfokal-mikroskopen wurden Messungen zur Überprüfung der Eignung als Vergleichsproben für flächenhafte
Rauheitskenngrößen durchgeführt. Dabei wurden messgerätbedingte Faktoren, anwenderspezifische
Einflüsse, die zeitliche Stabilität der Oberflächen und die Positioniergenauigkeit des Messfeldes geprüft
und deren Einfluss auf die resultierenden Kenngrößen untersucht.

Wie die Messergebnisse eindrucksvoll zeigen, eignen sich die untersuchten Proben als Maßverkörperungen und
gestatten durch die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse eine Verwendung als Vergleichsproben oder Normale für
flächenhafte Rauheiten über drei Größenordnungen hinweg. Die Rauheitsparameter Sa und Sq zeigen gute
Übereinstimmungen und besitzen bei kleinen Rauheiten Abweichungen von einzelnen Nanometern. Bei Proben mit einem
Sa Wert von 1000 nm betragen die Abweichungen bis zu ± 4.5%). Die
Amplituden-Kennwerte Sp, Sv und damit Sz weisen stärke Abhängigkeiten von der Messfeld-Position und dadurch
auch größere Unterschiede auf. Die Reproduktion der Messfeldposition bei großen Rauheiten und allgemein die
Oberflächenstabilität der Probe (zeitliche Veränderungen wie z. B. Verunreinigungen und Beschädigungen)
sind hierbei entscheidend. Die Verteilungsparameter Ssk und Sku, sowie die räumlichen Parameter Sal und Str
stimmen innerhalb ± 12% überein (bis auf wenige Ausnahmen).
Downstream relaxation of velocity profiles in pipe-flow with swirl disturbances
Authors: Graner Simon , Hinz Denis F. , Breitsamter Christian
Published: November 2016

We study characteristic flow patterns downstream of a standardized swirl disturbance generator using laser-Doppler
velocimetry (LDV). To investigate the spatial development of flow patterns, we conduct LDV measurements in cross-sections
located at various distances downstream from the swirl disturbance generator. Focusing on velocity profiles, decay of
swirl, and performance indicators used to describe the characteristic shape of the velocity profiles, we systematically
compare the experimental results with available references and various theories for decay of swirl disturbances. We find
that the standardized swirl disturbance generator provides exponentially decaying swirling flow that is best captured by
the theory of Steenbergen and Voskamp

Steenbergen W, Voskamp J (1998) The rate of decay of swirl in turbulent pipe flow. Flow Meas Instr
9:67–78

. In addition, deviations from the axial reference profile caused by the swirl disturber persist for long
downstream distances. In particular, our results suggest that the peakness factor relaxes linearly towards the
fully-developed state.
A metamaterial based dual-resonant coil element for combined sodium/hydrogen MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Svejda Jan Taro , Rennings Andreas , Erni Daniel
Published: November 2016

A single coil element based on a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial transmission line for combined sodium and
hydrogen MRI is presented. It provides the particular feature of equal quarter-wavelength current and electromagnetic
(EM) field distributions at the two distinct Larmor frequencies of 23Na- and 1H-nuclei at
7 T magnetic flux density. The functionality of a manufactured prototype is validated through near-field
measurements that are compared with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Finally, results of a first
successful MRI experiment are presented for a canister phantom including ping-pong ball insets filled with different
liquids of high sodium
concentrations.
Schemaspiele
Authors: Lenk Hans
Published: November 2016

The title of “Schema Games” is certainly insinuated by Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of “Language Games” as a social practice and “life forms” and “Gepflogenheiten” (usages), social practices, action forms and mores and institutions. However, in this article Wittgenstein’s conception is extended to forms of not only language usages and actions but also any form of modeling, structuring and scheme activation in cognition and action as well as subconscious, even neuro-physiologically activated networking and modeling processes. Schemes, schematization and scheme activations as well as reactivations are decisive for any stabilization of meanings, opinions, mental episodes as well as actions, social or individual. There is no cognition or action or thinking and speaking without the activation and reactivation of schemes on different levels.Wittgenstein’s approach of a pragmatic and social practice of language games and life forms based on common and repeated usages of special cases of scheme activations and processes of interpretative constructions (interpretative constructs) may also methodologically be analyzed on different levels, even subconscious ones, to grasp or to constitute cognitive and action-like activities. Active formation and usages play a fundamental and pragmatic role, not only according to Kant under his categories but after Wittgenstein and the present methodological approach in a more flexible way - somewhat like Wittgenstein’s “language games” approach. Not only socially based speech forms and actions as well as “life forms” are dependent on active pragmatic scheme interpretations, but also already many basic processes of representing, cognizing, acting, mustering and modeling, even on subconscious neuronal levels. Any cognition and action whatsoever is scheme-dependent, produced by scheme-interpretative activity on user-oriented and a socio-pragmatic, or even institutionalized basis. Not only do language games rely on scheme activations, but they are, methodologically speaking, special cases of these forms of activation. Thus, the parallelism between “language games” and life forms in Wittgenstein’s sense and “schema games” on the basis of methodological scheme-interpretationism seems to be well-founded.
Identität und Typentheorie bei Wittgenstein
Authors: Büchi Romain
Published: November 2016

Die ersten Bemerkungen Wittgensteins zur Identität stammen vom Herbst 1913; Spuren zeitweise intensiver Beschäftigung mit dem Thema finden sich indes bis in die Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht zu zeigen, dass und wie die Identität inWittgensteins frühem Denken mit der Typentheorie zusammenhängt. Nach einer historischen Begründung der These, wonach die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Russells Typentheorie den jungen Wittgenstein dazu bewegt hat, sich verstärkt der Identität zuzuwenden, wird, ausgehend von der Kritik am Reduzierbarkeitsaxiom, seine Ablehnung wirklicher Variablen vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Typ-Unbestimmtheit (typical ambiguity) betrachtet. Dabei offenbart sich eine aufschlussreiche Verwandtschaft mit Whitehead, insbesondere mit einigen revidierenden Erklärungen zur Typ- Unbestimmtheit in seiner Einleitung zum zweiten Band der Principia Mathematica. Von hier aus nähert sich dann der vierte Abschnitt ausgewählten und aus der Vorkriegszeit stammenden Bemerkungen Wittgensteins zur Identität und zu Existenzsätzen. Der fünfte Abschnitt schließlich verfolgt einige der begonnenen Gedankenläufe weiter bis in die Endfassung der Abhandlung.
„Seltsame Frage. –“– Eine Interpretation von PU § 263
Authors: Mühlhölzer Felix
Published: November 2016

In the first sentence of PI § 263 - “»Surely I can (inwardly) resolve to call THIS ›pain‹ in the future.«” - Wittgenstein uses the word “pain” and not, as one would expect, the sign “S” of §§ 258, 260 and 261 because this sentence is voiced by a common sense person who doesn’t yet see the deep difference between “S” and “pain” as it is demonstrated in the sections before. The subsequent twofold question - “»But is it certain that you have resolved this? Are you sure that it was enough for this purpose to concentrate your attention on your feeling?«” - is Wittgenstein’s own question, induced by his philosophical considerations before, but now seen from the point of view of the common sense person with whom Wittgenstein temporarily identifies himself. He looks at the philosopher Wittgenstein with the eyes of the common sense person Wittgenstein. This explains why not only the first sentence of § 263 but also the subsequent question is put in quotation marks. It furthermore explains why Wittgenstein writes at the end: “An odd question.” From a common sense standpoint the question certainly sounds odd. What does the dash at the end of § 263 mean? According to the interpretation just given, it may be understood as follows: the dashes before and after “An odd question” can be read as quotation marks indicating that this remark is voiced by the common sense Wittgenstein in response to the philosopher Wittgenstein.
Wittgenstein on Transparent White
Authors: Lugg Andrew
Published: November 2016

No single topic receives more attention in Remarks on Colour than transparency and the impossibility of transparent white. In each of the three parts of the book, Wittgenstein explores the notion of a transparent surface (or glass) and attempts to explain why it is that a surface (or glass) can be transparent red but not transparent white. He treats transparency one way in the remarks he wrote first, a second way in the remarks he wrote later, and he offers correspondingly different explanations of the impossibility of transparent white in the two sets of remarks. While apparently content with his second account of transparency, he does not resolve the problem of why white is invariably opaque, never transparent, to his own satisfaction. However, despite remaining puzzled to the end, he makes considerable progress, and his discussion of transparency and transparent white shows especially clearly how he regarded philosophical problems and how he believed such problems should be tackled
How far does Wittgenstein go with the Context Principle?
Authors: Falcato Ana
Published: November 2016

In this paper I examine in which way the thought of late Wittgenstein can be said to have accommodated the so-called Fregean Context Principle. I suggest that such an evolution in late Wittgenstein’s philosophy - which could be conceived as an internal dynamics within Wittgenstein’s “two ways of thinking”, since he himself stated Frege’s Principle at Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 3.3 - eventually lead to a deviation from Frege’s methodological statement in the Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic. This analysis is not merely historical-conceptual, since the “Context Principle” is claimed by some philosophers of language to lie in the background of contextualist proposals in philosophical semantics. I argue that this cannot be accurate, because the kind of context which late Wittgenstein thought of as indispensable in framing meaningful utterances is altogether different from the context of the “Context Principle”.
Disease-modifying polymorphisms and C609Y mutation of RET associated with high penetrance of phaeochromocytoma and low rate of MTC in MEN2A
Authors: Speak Rowena , Cook Jackie , Harrison Barney , Newell-Price John
Published: November 2016

Mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene, located on chromosome 10q11.2, cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Patients with mutations at the codon 609 usually exhibit a high penetrance of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), but a sufficiently low penetrance of phaeochromocytoma that screening for this latter complication has been called to question. Patients with other RET mutations are at higher risk of younger age onset phaeochromocytoma if they also possess other RET polymorphisms (L769L, S836S, G691S and S904S), but there are no similar data for patients with 609 mutations. We investigated the unusual phenotypic presentation in a family with MEN2A due to a C609Y mutation in RET. Sanger sequencing of the entire RET-coding region and exon–intron boundaries was performed. Five family members were C609Y mutation positive: 3/5 initially presented with phaeochromocytoma, but only 1/5 had MTC. The index case aged 73 years had no evidence of MTC, but presented with phaeochromocytoma. Family members also possessed the G691S and S904S RET polymorphisms. We illustrate a high penetrance of phaeochromocytoma and low penetrance of MTC in patients with a RET C609Y mutation and polymorphisms G691S and S904S. These data highlight the need for life-long screening for the complications of MEN2A in these patients and support the role for the screening of RET polymorphisms for the purposes of risk stratification.

Learning points:

C609Y RET mutations may be associated with a life-long risk of phaeochromocytoma indicating the importance of life-long screening for this condition in patients with MEN2A.

C609Y RET mutations may be associated with a lower risk of MTC than often quoted, questioning the need for early prophylactic thyroid surgery discussion at the age of 5 years.

There may be a role for the routine screening of RET polymorphisms, and this is greatly facilitated by the increasing ease of access to next-generation sequencing.
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 deficiency alters the gut microbiome response to Western diet
Authors: Johnson Jethro S , Opiyo Monica N , Thomson Marian , Gharbi Karim , Seckl Jonathan R , Heger Andreas , Chapman Karen E
Published: November 2016

The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) interconverts active glucocorticoids and their intrinsically inert 11-keto forms. The type 1 isozyme, 11β-HSD1, predominantly reactivates glucocorticoids in vivo and can also metabolise bile acids. 11β-HSD1-deficient mice show altered inflammatory responses and are protected against the adverse metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. However, the impact of 11β-HSD1 on the composition of the gut microbiome has not previously been investigated. We used high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to characterise the gut microbiome of 11β-HSD1-deficient and C57Bl/6 control mice, fed either a standard chow diet or a cholesterol- and fat-enriched ‘Western’ diet. 11β-HSD1 deficiency significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiome, and did so in a diet-specific manner. On a Western diet, 11β-HSD1 deficiency increased the relative abundance of the family Bacteroidaceae, and on a chow diet, it altered relative abundance of the family Prevotellaceae. Our results demonstrate that (i) genetic effects on host–microbiome interactions can depend upon diet and (ii) that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome may contribute to the aspects of the metabolic and/or inflammatory phenotype observed with 11β-HSD1 deficiency.
Uso de medicamentos e suas potenciais interações com alimentos em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Sandri Michele , Gewehr Daiana Meggiolaro , Huth Adriane , Moreira Angélica Cristiane
Published: November 2016

Aims: To verify the use of medicines identifying their potential interactions with food/nutrients in institutionalized elderly individuals.Methods: A qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. The data were collected through the analysis of medical charts and prescriptions of elderly individuals from a long-stay institution in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The convenience sample included all the elderly individuals institutionalized during the data collection period (September 2015).Results: Of the 30 institutionalized elderly individuals, 29 were using continuous medication with a mean of 8.72±2.56 medicines per individual, totaling 91 different drugs. Twenty-eight (93.3%) individuals used five or more medicines, which indicates polypharmacy among most of the elderly residents. The most commonly used medicines were for the nervous system (35.07%), digestive system and metabolism (31.52%), and cardiovascular system (20.1%). Forty-one (45.05%) drugs could potentially interact with foods, totaling 142 interactions. Potential interactions were verified in all elderly individuals, ranging from two to eight, averaging 4.89±2.00 interactions per elderly. Caffeine was involved in most interactions, potentially interacting with nine (21.95%) different medications, five (12.19%) of which acted on the nervous system.Conclusions: There was a high frequency of polypharmacy among the institutionalized elderly and medicines to treat nervous system conditions were the most common ones. Several potential interactions between drugs and some types of foods/nutrients were verified.
Voluntariado e suas razões
Authors: Antonello Ivan Carlos Ferreira
Published: November 2016

The contemplation of volunteerism as activity in medical school, put forward by Sapiro and Mattiello in the present issue of Scientia Medica, brings to light the idea that those who provide benefits have to understand why they do so, as occurs among adults. And to understand selflessness, a topic that has been recurrent in medicine over time, reading about what has already been produced is not enough, since exposure to the practice of concern for the welfare of others is essential.Observational evidence suggests that volunteerism may be beneficial to the mental health and survival of exposed individuals, even though the causal mechanisms remain unknown. Consequently, further studies are needed to shed more light upon the topic, but while that does not occur, the following quotation gives us some food for thought: “If you would like to be selfish, you should do it in a very intelligent way. The stupid way to be selfish is … seeking happiness for ourselves alone. … the intelligent way to be selfish is to work for the welfare of others”. The Dalai Lama.
Penggunaan Ekstrak Pepaya pada Pendederan Benih Ikan Nila Salin
Authors: Supramono Aris , Abdul Haris Agus Basyar
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada Full.PDFBeberapa strain ikan nila tawar antara lain nila gesit, larasati, nifi, srikandi, pandu, dan kunti, serta lainnya mampu hidup hingga salinitas 30 ppt dengan pertumbuhan cukup baik.
UJI PATOGENISITAS DAN VIRULENSI Aeromonas hydrophila Stanier PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus Lin.) MELALUI POSTULAT KOCH
Authors: Mangunwardoyo Wibowo , Ismayasari Ratih , Riani Etty
Published: November 2016

Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila bersifat patogen mengakibatkan kematian sebanyak 50% pada ikan nila di keramba jaring apung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti patogenisitas dan virulensi dari dua enzim dan satu toksin haemolisin yang dihasilkan oleh A. hydrophila pada ikan nila yang sehat. Analisis LC-50 menggunakan metode Dragsted Bahrens menghasilkan nilai 4,9 x 106 cfu/mL. Virulensi A. hydrophila diuji menggunakan metode Postulat Koch pada ikan nila sehat menyebabkan tubuh menjadi kemerah-merahan, perdarahan pada permukaan tubuh dan luka borok yang akhirnya menyebabkan kematian.Aeromonas hydrophila is a highly pathogenic bacterium which caused more than 50% nila’s mortality at the pond culture. The purpose of the research was study on the virulence and pathological effect of two A. hydrophila’s enzymes and one toxin haemolycin on a healthy’s nila fish. Lethal Concentration 50 with injection of A. hydrophila on nila was used as preliminary test to determine bacterial density that caused 50% nila’s mortality. The LC50 was 4,9 X 106 cfu/mL determined by Dragsted Bahrens methods. The A. hydrophila virulence test with The Postulat Koch had been effects on healthy’s nila, with clinical sign were reddening, haemorrhagic all over the body surface, and ulcer which caused mortality.
DIFERENSIASI KELAMIN TIGA GENOTIPE IKAN NILA YANG DIBERI BAHAN AROMATASE INHIBITOR
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Sumantadinata Komar , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: November 2016

Penggunaan hormon sintetik 17 a-metiltestosterone untuk sex reversal ikan konsumsi sudah dilarang. Salah satu bahan yang terbukti efektif dalam sex reversal adalah bahan aromatase inhibitor. Bahan ini dapat digunakan dalam proses pembalikan kelamin karena menghambat sekresi enzim aromatase yang bertanggung jawab dalam konversi hormon androgen menjadi estrogen. Tingginya kadar androgen dalam tubuh akan mengarahkan proses diferensiasi kelamin ke arah kelamin jantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan aromatase inhibitor terhadap diferensiasi kelamin tiga genotipe ikan nila. Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah larva ikan nila genotipe XX, XY, dan YY yang diberi bahan aromatase inhibitor, khususnya imidazole. Penambahan hormon sintetik 17a-metiltestosterone digunakan sebagai kontrol (+). Pemberian imidazole dilakukan melalui pakan pada larva ikan nila yang berumur 7 hari setelah menetas, selama 28 hari. Selanjutnya benih dipelihara dalam hapa pendederan selama 60 hari di kolam tanah. Pada akhir pendederan dilakukan identifikasi jenis kelamin, bobot individu rata-rata, dan sintasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa imidazole efektif meningkatkan rasio kelamin jantan pada ikan nila genotipe XX dan YY, tetapi tidak pada genotipe XY. Sampai akhir tahap pendederan, semua genotipe dan perlakuan yang berbeda tidak memberikan efek yang berbeda nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan maupun nilai sintasan, kecuali pada genotipe YY
KARAKTER GENETIK INDUK (F-0) DAN TURUNANNYA (F-1) PADA IKAN HIAS LAUT CLOWN (Amphiprion percula) MENGGUNAKAN MARKER RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorfism DNA)
Authors: Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Setiawati Ketut Maha , Haryanti Haryanti , Wardana Ida Komang
Published: November 2016

Studi analisis karakter genetik ikan hias laut clown menggunakan metode penanda DNA RAPD dilakukan dalam upaya membantu pengembangan perbenihan dan budidaya ikan hias laut clown di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeterminasi karakter genetik dengan menggunakan analisis individu dari populasi induk (F-0) dan turunannya (F-1) sehingga diperoleh tingkat penurunan keragaman genetik dan keterkaitannya dengan karakter morfologi. Sampel yang dianalisis terdiri atas 5 pasang induk ikan clown (10 sampel) dan masing-masing turunannya sebanyak 10 ekor (50 sampel) sehingga total 60 sampel. Nilai rata-rata keragaman genetik induk ikan clown dari semua lokus primer sebesar 0,253, sedangkan pada turunannya (F-1) adalah 0,157. Hal ini menggambarkan adanya pengaruh genetik terhadap perbedaan pola pemunculan band putih.Study genetic characteristic of clownfish, Amphiprion percula using RAPD DNA marker was conducted in order to support development of breeding and culture program of marine ornamental clownfish in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to determine of genetic characteristic of clown fish using individual analysis from F-0 population and its generations (F-1) to find specific marker which is related to its morphology. Total samples analyzed were 60, consist of 5 pairs of clownfish broodstock (10 samples) and 10 ind each generations (50 samples). Mean value of genetic diversity of clown fish broodstock from all primer loci was 0.253, while on its generation F-1 was 0.157. This result showed there was effect of genetic on the differences of white band pattern appearance.