bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focal Adhesion’s Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction
Authors: Casarella Simona , Ferla Federica , Di Francesco Dalila , Canciani Elena , Rizzi Manuela , Boccafoschi Francesca
Published: April 2024

Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Detection of 17β-Estradiol
Authors: Seok Joo Seon , Ju Heongkyu
Published: April 2024

17β-estradiol (E2), a vital female sex hormone, plays a crucial role in female reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics. The quantification of E2 concentration in human blood and urine samples is essential because a deviation from physiological levels of E2 indicates the development of diseases and abnormalities such as precocious puberty, breast cancer, weight gain, abnormal menstruation, osteoporosis, and infertility. In addition, the detection of E2 in food and the environment has gained widespread interest because of its role as an endocrine disruptor (environmental hormone) that can perturb physiological processes. E2 is used as a drug for hormone therapy. Various E2 detection technologies for diagnosing relevant human diseases, drug screening, and environmental monitoring have been demonstrated in studies. In this article, we have reviewed technological strategies developed for E2 detection with ultrahigh sensitivity, with a limit of detection comparable to several pg/mL or lower. We observed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as nanoplatforms for signal amplification, which enabled ultrahigh sensitivity in most studies. Signal amplification was facilitated by AuNP characteristics such as the versatility of surface biochemistry, exceedingly large surface-to-volume ratio, surface plasmonic activity, luminescence quenching ability, and biocompatibility. These techniques have been used to detect E2 in food, water, human serum, and urine with ultrahigh sensitivity. We summarize the working principles of E2 detection strategies that allow ultrahigh sensitivity and provide an approach for future work required for the elucidation of practical applications of these technologies.
Corrosion Protection of Q235 Steel Using Epoxy Coatings Based on Polyaniline Loaded with Benzotriazole
Authors: Bi Jinye , Li Jiansan , Wang Huajie , Wang Jianming , Lu Guoqiang , Huang Jinzhen , Zhao Cailing , Liu Sawen
Published: April 2024

Polyaniline (PANI) doped with hydrochloric acid and phytic acid are prepared as benzotriazole (BTA) inhibitor carriers, and their anticorrosion properties are studied on epoxy resin-coated Q235 steel. The structure and morphology of the prepared PANI materials are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of PANI and its release rate of corrosion inhibitor are measured, and the test results indicate that hydrochloric acid-doped PANI can accommodate a larger amount of corrosion inhibitor. The results of contact angle and water absorption tests show that the PANI loaded with BTA can improve the hydrophobicity and reduce the water absorption of the coating. The anticorrosion performances of epoxy coatings with 0.6 wt% PANI are investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using electrochemical tests. The experimental results reveal that PANI loaded with BTA shows a good anticorrosion effect in the epoxy coating. Particularly, phytic acid-doped PANI loaded with BTA has a better inhibition efficiency (93.6%), which is superior to hydrochloric acid-doped PANI loaded with BTA (86.4%).
A Fast Method of High-Frequency Induction Cladding Copper Alloy on Inner-Wall of Cylinder Based on Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: He Longlong , Wang Yafei , Pan Ruiyu , Xu Tianze , Gao Jiani , Zhang Zhouzhou , Chu Jinghui , Wu Yue , Zhang Xuhui
Published: April 2024

To quickly repair the inner-surface damage to the hydraulic support cylinder caused by frequent scratches, corrosion, and wear in the process of fully mechanized coal mining, this paper proposes a method of high-frequency induction cladding (HIC) copper alloy on inner-wall of cylinder (IWC) to improve the corrosion, sealing and pressure retention performance of hydraulic cylinders combined with numerical simulation and experimental study. Firstly, a numerical temperature field model for HIC of copper alloy on the IWC is established to investigate various distribution patterns and influencing factors including frequency of induction heating, gap between coil and cladding, power supply rating, cladding thickness and side length of square section of induction coil, etc. Subsequently, an HIC test experiment is conducted to rigorously validate the numerical temperature field model and the experiment employs a meticulously collected dataset of temperature measurements, confirming the model’s accuracy and consistent alignment with anticipated changing trends. In addition, the experiment results were verified through microstructure observation, microhardness testing, friction-wear testing, and electrochemical corrosion parameters, which shows that the factors of induction heating frequency and others have obvious effects on the temperature field distribution of HIC copper alloy on the IWC. Under these working conditions (cladding thickness 1.5 mm, power supply rating 120 kW, heating frequency 120 kHz, gap between the cylindrical workpiece and the induction coil 3 mm, induction coil cross-sectional side length of 10 mm), the thermal impact on the cylinder barrel matrix is minimal, the metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the matrix is good, and there are no over burning and porosity defects.
Genetic Variation in the Pallas’s Cat (Otocolobus manul) in Zoo-Managed and Wild Populations
Authors: Robinson Joshua J. , Crichlow Alexis D. , Hacker Charlotte E. , Munkhtsog Bariushaa , Munkhtsog Bayaraa , Zhang Yuguang , Swanson William F. , Lyons Leslie A. , Janecka Jan E.
Published: April 2024

The Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul) is one of the most understudied taxa in the Felidae family. The species is currently assessed as being of “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List, but this assessment is based on incomplete data. Additional ecological and genetic information is necessary for the long-term in situ and ex situ conservation of this species. We identified 29 microsatellite loci with sufficient diversity to enable studies into the individual identification, population structure, and phylogeography of Pallas’s cats. These microsatellites were genotyped on six wild Pallas’s cats from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Mongolia and ten cats from a United States zoo-managed population that originated in Russia and Mongolia. Additionally, we examined diversity in a 91 bp segment of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) locus and a hypoxia-related gene, endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1). Based on the microsatellite and MT-RNR1 loci, we established that the Pallas’s cat displays moderate genetic diversity. Intriguingly, we found that the Pallas’s cats had one unique nonsynonymous substitution in EPAS1 not present in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) or domestic cats (Felis catus). The analysis of the zoo-managed population indicated reduced genetic diversity compared to wild individuals. The genetic information from this study is a valuable resource for future research into and the conservation of the Pallas’s cat.
Additive Manufacturing—Process Optimisation
Authors: Obeidi Muhannad Ahmed
Published: April 2024

The realm of Additive Manufacturing (AM), often referred to as 3D printing, encompasses a broad spectrum of applications and methodologies, each contributing distinctively to the progress of this dynamic field [...]
The Stresses and Deformations in the Abfraction Lesions of the Lower Premolars Studied by the Finite Element Analyses: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Costăchel Bogdan Constantin , Bechir Anamaria , Târcolea Mihail , Mihai Lelia Laurența , Burcea Alexandru , Bechir Edwin Sever
Published: April 2024

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the behavior of hard dental structures of the teeth with abfraction lesions when experimental occlusal loads were applied. Methods: A 65-year-old patient came to the dentist because she had painful sensitivity in the temporomandibular joints and the lower right premolars. The patient was examined, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the orofacial area was indicated. The data provided from the CBCT were processed with Mimics Innovation Suite 17 software to create the desired anatomical area in 3D format. Then, the structural calculation module was used in order to perform a finite element analysis of the lower right premolar teeth. A focused review of articles published between 2014 and 2023 from specialty literature regarding the FEA of premolars with abfraction lesions was also conducted. Results: The parcel area and the cervical third of the analyzed premolars proved to be the most vulnerable areas under the inclined direction of occlusal loads. The inclined application of experimental loads induced 3–4 times higher maximum shears, stresses, and deformations than the axial application of the same forces. Conclusions: FEA can be used to identify structural deficiencies in teeth with abfractions, a fact that is particularly important during dental treatments to correct occlusal imbalances.
One Incremental Stride for Doxycycline, One Substantial Advancement for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Matoc Ines , Kasa Kim , Kasumović Armin , Prpić Ante , Vukojević Ante , Zrinšćak Ognjen , Škunca Herman Jelena , Doko Mandić Blanka , Sabol Ivan , Iveković Renata , Vatavuk Zoran
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week doxycycline treatment for thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune condition associated with thyroid dysfunction. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 82 patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive doxycycline (50 mg) or to undergo no treatment. Various metrics, including margin reflex distance (MRD1 and MRD2), eyelid aperture, levator muscle function, lagophthalmos, proptosis, ocular motility, diplopia, and Graves’ ophthalmopathy-specific quality-of-life (GO-QOL) scale scoring were assessed. Exclusion criteria were uncontrolled systemic diseases, tetracycline allergies, pregnancy, lactation, or age below 18. The mean age was 51.6 years (SD), 87.8% of participants were female, and all were Caucasians. By week 12, the doxycycline group exhibited a significant improvement rate based on MRD2 (from 4 to 15 participants with physiological findings), clinical activity score (from 7 to 35 participants with non-active disease), and GO-QOL (from 51.22% to 70.73% of participants with a good life quality). Doxycycline showcased anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in treating TED, suggesting its potential efficacy for TED and other orbit inflammatory conditions. However, these results warrant further validation through future research involving extended follow-up periods and larger cohorts.
Comparative Analysis of Endodontic ISO Size 06, 08, and 10 Stainless Steel K-Files Used for Glide Path Procedures
Authors: Baruwa Abayomi Omokeji , Chasqueira Filipa , Arantes-Oliveira Sofia , Caramês João , Marques Duarte , Portugal Jaime , Martins Jorge N. R.
Published: April 2024

Small-sized stainless steel hand files are conventionally employed in root canal treatment procedures for canal scouting and for glide path establishment, owing to their superior flexibility and proficiency in navigating confined spaces. Given the diversity of brands available in the market, there exists potential variability in their physical characteristics, thereby influencing clinical performance. Consequently, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the design, metallurgy, and mechanical characteristics among seven stainless steel hand file brands across ISO sizes 06, 08, and 10. A total of 315 new 25 mm length stainless steel hand files with apical sizes of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 from seven distinct brands were included in the study. A meticulous inspection of all instruments was undertaken to identify any structural deformations that might render them ineligible for the study. The design inspection involved the random selection of instruments from each group, which were examined under various microscopes, including a dental operating microscope, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, two instruments from each group underwent energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis for elemental composition documentation. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the instruments’ resistance to lateral deformation (buckling) and their microhardness. Statistical analysis was executed using the nonparametric Mood’s median test, with a predetermined significance level of 0.05. Regarding the instruments design, all files exhibited an active blade length ranging from 16 to 17 mm. However, variations were observed in the number of spirals, tip designs, and sizes, with the API K-File notably larger in sizes 0.06 and 0.08 compared to the other instruments. Despite uniform elements composition, differences in geometric features and mechanical properties were evident. Concerning buckling strength, the API K-File demonstrated superior performance across all tested sizes, while the Dentsply ReadySteel, SybronEndo, and Mani K-Files exhibited lower results (p < 0.05). In microhardness assessments, both the API and Oro K-Files displayed the lowest outcomes, with medians of 531 HVN and 532 HVN, respectively, whereas the SybronEndo K-File exhibited the highest microhardness (657 HVN). Despite similar metallurgical composition, the observed distinctions in geometric features and mechanical properties underscore the impact of the manufacturing process on the characteristics of glide path stainless steel endodontic files. These disparities may ultimately influence their clinical performance.
Carotid Artery Calcification Detected on Panoramic Radiography Is Significantly Related to Cerebrovascular Accident, Coronary Artery Disease, and Poor Oral Health: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Brar Anmol , DeColibus Katherine , Rasner D. Shane , Haynes Angela R. , Pancratz Frank , Oladiran Oreoluwa , Gbadamosi Semiu O. , Owosho Adepitan A.
Published: April 2024

Panoramic radiography imaging modality is widely used by dentists for diagnosing dental and jaw conditions. It can also detect carotid artery calcification (CAC), indicative of calcified atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries. This cross-sectional retrospective study at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center investigated the link between CAC identified on panoramic radiograph (PR) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), coronary artery disease (CAD), and poor oral health. Data from 314 CAC patients collected from 2014 to 2023 included age at diagnosis, gender, and clinical histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, CVA, CAD, and the decay, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. These patients were age- and gender-matched with non-CAC patients for analysis. The findings revealed high prevalences of hypertension (86.2%), hyperlipidemia (57.6%), diabetes mellitus (30.7%), CVA (15.5%), and CAD (28.7%) amongst CAC patients and the average DMFT index was 26.6. A comparative analysis of 276 matched controls demonstrated significant differences in hypertension (85.9% vs. 57.6%), hyperlipidemia (58.3% vs. 33.7%), diabetes (32.6% vs. 22.1%), CVA history (14.9% vs. 5.1%), CAD (26.1% vs. 9.8%), and DMFT scores (26.3 vs. 23.7), all indicating strong associations between CAC and these health conditions. The adjusted analysis showed that hypertension (aOR: 3.20 [95% CI: 2.06–5.07]), hyperlipidemia (aOR: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.14–2.50]), CVA (aOR: 2.20 [95% CI: 1.13–4.30]), and CAD (aOR: 2.10 [95% CI: 1.28–3.60]) were significantly associated with CAC. Notably, only 41.7% of the patients received a medical consultation after CAC detection on PR. It is crucial for dentists to refer patients for further evaluation.
Minimum Information Variability in Linear Langevin Systems via Model Predictive Control
Authors: Guel-Cortez Adrian-Josue , Kim Eun-jin , Mehrez Mohamed W.
Published: April 2024

Controlling the time evolution of a probability distribution that describes the dynamics of a given complex system is a challenging problem. Achieving success in this endeavour will benefit multiple practical scenarios, e.g., controlling mesoscopic systems. Here, we propose a control approach blending the model predictive control technique with insights from information geometry theory. Focusing on linear Langevin systems, we use model predictive control online optimisation capabilities to determine the system inputs that minimise deviations from the geodesic of the information length over time, ensuring dynamics with minimum “geometric information variability”. We validate our methodology through numerical experimentation on the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and Kramers equation, demonstrating its feasibility. Furthermore, in the context of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, we analyse the impact on the entropy production and entropy rate, providing a physical understanding of the effects of minimum information variability control.
Creating Transformative Research–Practice Partnership in Collaboration with School, City, and University Actors
Authors: Korhonen Tiina , Salo Laura , Reinius Hanna , Malander Sanni , Tiippana Netta , Laakso Noora , Lavonen Jari , Hakkarainen Kai
Published: April 2024

Traditional educational research has been criticized for the gap between the research and practice communities, meaning that outcomes do not transfer to educational praxis. To meet this challenge, policymakers, funders, and researchers are developing research–practice partnerships (RPPs). The purpose of this research is to study the research–practice partnership as a strategy for educational transformation in the Finnish educational context. This study highlights the multifaceted perspectives of key RPP stakeholders: teachers, principals, municipality administrators, and researchers. Their experiences were explored through semi-structured interviews. The data were examined through content analysis and categorized into themes depicting the goals and goal-setting process in RPPs, the experiences of RPP activities, and the factors facilitating and challenging RPPs. The results show that stakeholders viewed the goals through the perspectives of professional development; supporting the growth and learning of students; and developing school, municipality, and research practices. Regular participation solidified the commitment to the RPP process. Horizontal interaction worked well between stakeholders, but challenges arose with vertical interaction. We found multiple roles for researchers and municipality administrators. Researchers found that they take on a new role in RPPs as change agents and facilitators. Regarding the facilitating or challenging aspects of RPPs, an open and flexible attitude and atmosphere and readiness for change are demanded on all actor levels. Mutual appreciation and sensitivity facilitate RPP activities. We propose taking all stakeholder perspectives into account when designing RPPs aimed at systemic change and that RPP processes should facilitate both horizontal and vertical interaction.
Task-Offloading Strategy of Mobile Edge Computing for WBANs
Authors: Li Yuhong , Zhang Wenzhu
Published: April 2024

In recent years, mobile edge computing has become one of the popular methods to provide computing resources for the body area network, but existing research only considers the problem of minimizing the cost of offloading when solving the optimization problem of task-offloading, ignoring the trust problem of edge computing nodes, and offloading tasks on edge nodes may cause user information disclosure and reduce the quality of user experience. In response to this situation, this study aims to minimize the average user cost and designs a task-offloading strategy based on the D3QN (dueling double deep Q-network) algorithm in conjunction with the blockchain information security storage model. This strategy uses deep reinforcement learning algorithms to obtain the minimum average offloading cost of the system while considering user latency, energy consumption, and data protection conditions. The experimental simulation results show that compared to traditional schemes and other reinforcement learning-based schemes, this scheme can more effectively reduce the average cost of the system, and the average cost is reduced by 31.25% when reaching convergence. In addition, as the complexity of the model increases, this scheme can provide users with better experience quality, with 53.7% of the 1000 users having a very good experience quality.
Analytical Subnetwork and IP Alias Resolution for Network Tomography Using Path Traces
Authors: Aksoy Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Mapping of link-level network topologies requires the processing of collected raw traces, including the resolution of alias IPs of router interfaces and underlying subnetworks. There have been several probing techniques for IP alias resolution along with an analytical resolution approach which relies on the IP address assignment practices. The analysis of IP address assignments can also reveal the underlying subnetworks, i.e., the link-level connectivity among the routers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive Analytical Subnetwork and Alias IP Resolution (ASIAR) method that relies on the analytical analysis of path traces to infer underlying subnetworks and router interfaces. While ASIAR increases the efficiency of the analytical resolution method, it integrates additional sanity checks and performs parameter adjustment based on the topology sampling characteristics to improve the resolution accuracy. We explore how different network sampling issues affect the analytical resolution, and analyze the accuracy of the ASIAR on synthetic and genuine networks. Compared with the state-of-the-art analytical resolution method, ASIAR is able to increase both precision and recall by fine-tuning the parameters of sanity checks used for analytical subnetwork and IP alias resolution.
Detection System Based on Text Adversarial and Multi-Information Fusion for Inappropriate Comments in Mobile Application Reviews
Authors: Yu Zhicheng , Jia Yuhao , Hong Zhen
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of mobile application technology, the content and forms of comments disseminated on the internet are becoming increasingly complex. Various comments serve as users’ firsthand reference materials for understanding the application. However, some comments contain a significant amount of inappropriate content unrelated to the app itself, such as gambling, loans, pornography, and game account recharging, seriously impacting the user experience. Therefore, this article aims to assist users in filtering out irrelevant and inappropriate messages, enabling them to quickly obtain useful and relevant information. This study focuses on analyzing actual comments on various Chinese apps on the Apple App Store. However, these irrelevant comments exhibit a certain degree of concealment, sparsity, and complexity, which increases the difficulty of detection. Additionally, due to language differences, the existing English research methods exhibit relatively poor adaptability to Chinese textual data. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a research method named “blend net”, which combines text adversarial and multi-information fusion detection to enhance the overall performance of the system. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper achieves precision and recall rates both exceeding 98%, representing an improvement of at least 2% compared to existing methods.
Canada’s Geothermal Energy Update in 2023
Authors: Huang Katherine , Dehghani-Sanij Alireza , Hickson Catherine , Grasby Stephen , Smejkal Emily , Miranda Mafalda , Raymond Jasmin , Fraser Derek , Harbottle Kass , Torres Daniel , Ebell John , Dixon Julie , Olsen Emily , Vany Jeanine , Marcia Kirsten , Colpron Maurice , Wigston Andrew , Brasnett Gordon , Unsworth Martyn , Harms Phil
Published: April 2024

Geothermal energy exploration, development, and research have been ongoing in Canada for several decades. The country’s cold climate and the push to develop renewable energy sources have driven interest in geothermal energy. Despite this drive, regulatory complexities and competition with other relatively inexpensive energy sources with existing infrastructure have hindered development. As such, interest has grown and waned with changes in the energy economy over several decades, leaving many projects at a standstill. As of January 2023, there are currently no operational geothermal power projects in Canada. Many hot spring pool and spa complexes remain active, and Canada is a leading country in the installation of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs; also called geo-exchange systems). However, in the last decade, the interest in deep geothermal systems has renewed, with many new projects starting up across several provinces and territories. Moreover, projects that had shown limited progress for many years—such as Mount Meager in British Columbia—have begun to renew their development efforts. Research is also expanding within prominent research groups and universities. The areas of focus include both building upon previous studies (such as thermal gradients and the heat flow in sedimentary basins) and researching new methods and resources (such as GSHPs, closed-loop systems, integrated geothermal operations, and hybrid systems, including heat storage). The development is supported by federal, provincial, and territorial governments through grants and the development of regulatory frameworks. Although challenges still remain for Canada to develop its geothermal energy resources, several power, thermal, and co-production projects, ongoing research, funding, and regulatory acts are all moving forward to support geothermal development. This paper aims to study Canada’s geothermal energy update in 2023 regarding the aspects mentioned above.
Multi-Objective Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for a Hybrid Solar–Waste Energy Plant
Authors: Wang Lina , Yang Jun , Qu Bing , Pang Chang
Published: April 2024

In pursuit of sustainable development and mitigation of the intermittency challenge associated with solar energy, this study proposes a hybrid solar system integrating waste heat incineration alongside solar power generation and distinct heat provision. Leveraging the superior energy efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in medium- and low-temperature scenarios, a parabolic trough collector (PTC) is selected for its cost-effectiveness and long-term operational reliability. Dowtherm A and toluene are identified as the optimal working fluids for the PTC and ORC, respectively. To optimize this complex system, a combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multi-objective optimization via non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed, streamlining the optimization process. Thermal dynamic simulations are executed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES, V11) to validate the proposed system’s performance. TOPSIS is employed to identify the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier. The results indicate that the hourly cost of the system stands at USD 43.08, with an exergy efficiency of 22.98%. The economic analysis reveals that the solar collector constitutes the most significant portion of the total initial cost, representing 53.2%, followed by the turbine, thermoelectric generator (TEG), and waste heat incineration, in descending order of costliness.
The Impacts of Forest Therapy on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students: A Review
Authors: He Mei , Hu Yuan , Wen Ye , Wang Xin , Wei Yawei , Sheng Gonghan , Wang Guangyu
Published: April 2024

The aim of this review is to investigate the impacts of various forest therapy activities on the physical and mental health of college students. Additionally, it evaluates the research methodologies and existing issues in current studies, providing an important agenda for future research. Research was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The findings suggest significant effects of forest therapy activities on the physiology and psychology of college students, notably improving the cardiovascular system, enhancing the immune system, boosting emotional well-being, alleviating job-related stress, and enhancing academic performance. This study further clarifies forest therapy as an emerging and effective intervention to reduce stress levels among college students, particularly when carried out continuously in easily accessible campus forest environments. Such therapeutic activities could serve as a component of daily stress-relieving programs for college students. This assessment offers valuable information for college students, educational institutions, and policymakers to promote the development of forest therapy on university campuses. However, some of the studies included in this investigation lacked methodological rigor. Future research should employ rigorous study designs to assess the long-term impacts of various forest therapy approaches on the mental and physical health of college students and identify the primary influencing factors. This will aid in determining suitable content, forms, and strategies for forest therapy projects tailored to college students, thereby maximizing the potential benefits of forest therapy on their mental and physical well-being.
Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Decomposition and Nutrient Release Rates of Litter from Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook
Authors: Lin Zhirong , Chen Limin , Dai Yuan , Chen Shuilan , Li Chengjun , Yuan Tao , Ma Xiangqing , Liu Aiqin
Published: April 2024

In order to explore the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the decomposition and nutrient cycling characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook litter, we collected material from C. lanceolata in a middle-aged forest (16 years) and over-mature forest (49 years). Four different UV-B radiation enhancement gradient treatments of CK, CK + 30 uw/cm2 (T1), CK + 45 uw/cm2 (T2), and CK + 60 uw/cm2 (T3), with natural light (CK) as the baseline, were conducted to determine the impact of UV-B radiation indoor simulation enhancement on the litter decomposition and nutrient release of C. lanceolata at various developmental stages. The results indicate that UV-B radiation increases the dry weight decomposition rate and the nutrient decomposition rate of C. lanceolata litter, and the decomposition rate of C. lanceolata litter in an over-mature forest is always greater than that in a middle-aged forest litter, with observable influences on its chemical composition. Such changes significantly alter the nutrient release pattern of N, P, and K in litter in middle-aged forests and N in litter from over-mature forests, and promote the release of C, which may affect the nutrient cycle and carbon sink function of C. lanceolata plantations.
Bioactive Potential of Olive Mill Waste Obtained from Cultivars Grown in the Island of Malta
Authors: Lia Frederick , Attard Karen
Published: April 2024

This study explores the bioactive potential of olive mill waste derived from cultivars grown in the Maltese Islands through various analytical approaches. Cell culture, cell staining, allelopathic assays, shrimp brine lethality assays, and HPLC analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy and bioactivity of the extracts using different treatments, including methanolic extraction, acid, and alkaline hydrolysis. Notably, the results from cell lines revealed that NB4r2 cells exhibited high susceptibility to the tested extracts, with the lowest IC50 recorded after 72 h of exposure. Notably, the ‘Bajda’ cultivar displayed the most effectiveness, particularly with acid hydrolysis. In allelopathic assays, higher concentrations of ‘Malti’, ‘Bidni’, and ‘Bajda’ extracts significantly inhibited lettuce seed germination. Similarly, in the brine shrimp lethality assay, higher concentrations led to increased mortality rates of Artemia salina, though rates decreased at lower concentrations. The identification of phenolic compounds found in olive mill waste was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of internal standards. The identification revealed a variety of compounds, with 3-hydroxytyrosol and oleacein being present in high abundance in nearly all hydrolyzed and methanolic extracts, whereas gallic acid was found to be the least abundant. These findings highlight the rich bioactive potential of olive mill waste and provide insights into its applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and agriculture, emphasizing the importance of further research to fully exploit these valuable resources.
MALAT1: A Long Non-Coding RNA with Multiple Functions and Its Role in Processes Associated with Fat Deposition
Authors: Piórkowska Katarzyna , Zygmunt Karolina , Hunter Walter , Wróblewska Ksenia
Published: April 2024

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) belongs to the lncRNA molecules, which are involved in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and the control of gene expression, including the mechanism of chromatin remodeling. MALAT1 was first discovered during carcinogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma, hence its name. In humans, 66 of its isoforms have been identified, and in pigs, only 2 are predicted, for which information is available in Ensembl databases (Ensembl Release 111). MALAT1 is expressed in numerous tissues, including adipose, adrenal gland, heart, kidney, liver, ovary, pancreas, sigmoid colon, small intestine, spleen, and testis. MALAT1, as an lncRNA, shows a wide range of functions. It is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, where it has pro-proliferative effects and high cellular levels during the G1/S and mitotic (M) phases. Moreover, it is involved in invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, and it has a crucial function in alternative splicing during carcinogenesis. In addition, MALAT1 plays a significant role in the processes of fat deposition and adipogenesis. The human adipose tissue stem cells, during differentiation into adipocytes, secrete MALAT1 as one the most abundant lncRNAs in the exosomes. MALAT1 expression in fat tissue is positively correlated with adipogenic FABP4 and LPL. This lncRNA is involved in the regulation of PPARγ at the transcription stage, fatty acid metabolism, and insulin signaling. The wide range of MALAT1 functions makes it an interesting target in studies searching for drugs to prevent obesity development in humans. In turn, in farm animals, it can be a source of selection markers to control the fat tissue content.
Attitudes, Behaviors, and Perceptions of Students Vaping in Three Mexican Universities
Authors: Carrillo Genny , Mendez-Dominguez Nina I. , Acosta Enriquez Maria Elena , Morán-Martínez Javier
Published: April 2024

The increase in the popularity and use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has consistently risen worldwide and has become associated with adverse health outcomes. This study has identified the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students who vape in three universities in Mexico. A cross-sectional study involving 495 participants was conducted using a survey from October to December 2023. Three universities in different states in Mexico collaborated with colleges in Yucatan, Durango, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Descriptive statistics include frequencies and percentages, and four logistic regression models were employed. In the sample, 31% and 17.54% of participants reported smoking and vaping, respectively. Students who reported vaping in the last month reported that their first experience with vaping was at an average of 17.3 years of age, and of those, 71.26% (n = 62) reported having vaped for over 100 days, while the remaining 38% reported vaping for between 2 and 100 days. Students from Veracruz and Yucatan began vaping at a younger age than in the central and northern regions. There is a need to educate students about the dangers of the chemicals in the liquids they use, the secondary exposure vapers, and the health dangers they pose.
Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies
Authors: Gabbia Daniela , De Martin Sara
Published: April 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, accounts for 830,180 related deaths worldwide in 2020, according to GLOBOCAN, representing the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, with a five-year survival rate of about 18% for advanced stage, and the second leading cause in men of cancer-related mortality worldwide [...]
Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Elicitors on Organogenesis, Biomass Accumulation, and Production of Key Secondary Metabolites in Asteraceae Plants
Authors: Petrova Maria , Miladinova-Georgieva Kamelia , Geneva Maria
Published: April 2024

The medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family are a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenes, etc. Under stressful conditions, the plants develop these secondary substances to carry out physiological tasks in plant cells. Secondary Asteraceae metabolites that are of the greatest interest to consumers are artemisinin (an anti-malarial drug from Artemisia annua L.—sweet wormwood), steviol glycosides (an intense sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bert.—stevia), caffeic acid derivatives (with a broad spectrum of biological activities synthesized from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench—echinacea and Cichorium intybus L.—chicory), helenalin and dihydrohelenalin (anti-inflammatory drug from Arnica montana L.—mountain arnica), parthenolide (“medieval aspirin” from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.—feverfew), and silymarin (liver-protective medicine from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.—milk thistle). The necessity to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis has arisen due to the widespread use of these metabolites in numerous industrial sectors. Elicitation is an effective strategy to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in in vitro cultures. Suitable technological platforms for the production of phytochemicals are cell suspension, shoots, and hairy root cultures. Numerous reports describe an enhanced accumulation of desired metabolites after the application of various abiotic and biotic elicitors. Elicitors induce transcriptional changes in biosynthetic genes, leading to the metabolic reprogramming of secondary metabolism and clarifying the mechanism of the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This review summarizes biotechnological investigations concerning the biosynthesis of medicinally essential metabolites in plants of the Asteraceae family after various elicitor treatments.
Serum Clusterin Concentration and Its Glycosylation Changes as Potential New Diagnostic Markers of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Process
Authors: Sołkiewicz Katarzyna , Kokot Izabela , Kacperczyk Monika , Dymicka-Piekarska Violetta , Dorf Justyna , Kratz Ewa Maria
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Glycoprotein clusterin (CLU) has many functions such as phagocyte recruitment, complement system inhibition, apoptosis inhibition, hormone and lipid transport, as well as in the immune response. The study aimed to assess the changes in CLU concentrations and the profile and degree of CLU glycosylation between patients with severe COVID-19, convalescents, and healthy subjects (control). The profile and degree of serum CLU N-glycosylation were analyzed using lectin-ELISA with specific lectins. CLU concentrations were significantly lower and relative reactivities of CLU glycans with SNA (Sambucus nigra agglutinin) were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients in comparison to convalescents and the control group. The relative reactivities of CLU glycans with MAA (Maackia amurensis agglutinin), together with relative reactivity with LCA (Lens culinaris agglutinin), were also significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in convalescents and the control group, but they also significantly differed between convalescents and control. The development of acute inflammation in the course of severe COVID-19 is associated with a decrease in CLU concentration, accompanied by an increase in the expression of α2,3-linked sialic acid, and core fucose. Both of these parameters can be included as useful glycomarkers differentiating patients with severe COVID-19 from convalescents and the control group, as well as convalescents and healthy subjects.
Berberine Effects in Pre-Fibrotic Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—Clinical and Pre-Clinical Overview and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Ionita-Radu Florentina , Patoni Cristina , Nancoff Andreea Simona , Marin Flavius-Stefan , Gaman Laura , Bucurica Ana , Socol Calin , Jinga Mariana , Dutu Madalina , Bucurica Sandica
Published: April 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the predominant cause of chronic liver conditions, and its progression is marked by evolution to non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the potential occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In our systematic review, we searched two databases, Medline (via Pubmed Central) and Scopus, from inception to 5 February 2024, and included 73 types of research (nine clinical studies and 64 pre-clinical studies) from 2854 published papers. Our extensive research highlights the impact of Berberine on NAFLD pathophysiology mechanisms, such as Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), gut dysbiosis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), Sirtuins, and inflammasome. Studies involving human subjects showed a measurable reduction of liver fat in addition to improved profiles of serum lipids and hepatic enzymes. While current drugs for NAFLD treatment are either scarce or still in development or launch phases, Berberine presents a promising profile. However, improvements in its formulation are necessary to enhance the bioavailability of this natural substance.
Predictive Models of Life Span in Old Female Mice Based on Immune, Redox, and Behavioral Parameters
Authors: Félix Judith , Martínez de Toda Irene , Díaz-Del Cerro Estefanía , Sánchez-Del Pozo Iris , De la Fuente Mónica
Published: April 2024

The development of mathematical models capable of predicting the lifespan of animals is growing. However, there are no studies that compare the predictive power of different sets of parameters depending on the age of the animals. The aim of the present study is to test whether mathematical models for life span prediction developed in adult female mice based on immune, redox, and behavioral parameters can predict life span in old animals and to develop new models in old mice. For this purpose, 29 variables, including parameters of immune function, redox state, and behavioral ones, were evaluated in old female Swiss mice (80 ± 4 weeks). Life span was registered when they died naturally. Firstly, we observed that the models developed in adults were not able to accurately predict the life span of old mice. Therefore, the immunity (adjusted R2 = 73.6%), redox (adjusted R2 = 46.5%), immunity-redox (adjusted R2 = 96.4%), and behavioral (adjusted R2 = 67.9%) models were developed in old age. Finally, the models were validated in another batch of mice. The developed models in old mice show certain similarities to those in adults but include different immune, redox, and behavioral markers, which highlights the importance of age in the prediction of life span.
Radiocarbon Flux Measurements Provide Insight into Why a Pyroligneous Acid Product Stimulates Plant Growth
Authors: Noel Randi , Schueller Michael J. , Ferrieri Richard A.
Published: April 2024

Agriculture in the 21st century faces many formidable challenges with the growing global population. Increasing demands on the planet’s natural resources already tax existing agricultural practices. Today, many farmers are using biochemical treatments to improve their yields. Commercialized organic biostimulants exist in the form of pyroligneous acid generated by burning agricultural waste products. Recently, we examined the mechanisms through which a commercial pyroligneous acid product, Coriphol™, manufactured by Corigin Solutions, Inc., stimulates plant growth. During the 2023 growing season, outdoor studies were conducted in soybean to examine the effects of different Coriphol™ treatment concentrations on plant growth. Plant height, number of leaves, and leaf size were positively impacted in a dose-dependent manner with 2 gallon/acre soil treatments being optimal. At harvest, this level of treatment boosted crop yield by 40%. To gain an understanding of why Coriphol™ improves plant fitness, follow-up laboratory-based studies were conducted using radiocarbon flux analysis. Here, radioactive 11CO2 was administered to live plants and comparisons were made between untreated soybean plants and plants treated at an equivalent Coriphol™ dose of 2 gallons/acre. Leaf metabolites were analyzed using radio-high-performance liquid chromatography for [11C]-chlorophyll (Chl) a and b components, as well as [11C]-β-carotene (β-Car) where fractional yields were used to calculate metabolic rates of synthesis. Altogether, Coriphol™ treatment boosted rates of Chl a, Chl b, and β-Car biosynthesis 3-fold, 2.6-fold, and 4.7-fold, respectively, and also increased their metabolic turnover 2.2-fold, 2.1-fold, and 3.9-fold, respectively. Also, the Chl a/b ratio increased from 3.1 to 3.4 with treatment. Altogether, these effects contributed to a 13.8% increase in leaf carbon capture.
Lessons from the Pandemic: Role of Percutaneous ECMO and Balloon Atrial Septostomy in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Philip Ranjit R. , Sentilles Claire , Johnson Jason N. , Merlocco Anthony , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Ryan Kaitlin A. , Boston Umar , Sathanandam Shyam
Published: April 2024

Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the setting of COVID-19 can be associated with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. This clinical deterioration may sometimes necessitate veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. We describe an algorithmic approach including the role of balloon atrial septostomy in this cohort. This is the first reported series of percutaneous VA-ECMO in pediatric patients with MIS-C for better outcomes. The lessons from this approach can be replicated in other pediatric clinical conditions and adds to the armament of multiple pediatric specialties.