bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Cyanide-bridged Trinuclear and Ion-pair Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Zhang Daopeng , Wang Ping , Xia Chen
Published: March 2013

A cyanide-bridged, trinuclear, heterometallic Pd(II)–Mn(III) complex [{Mn(L)(H2O)}2{(μ-CN)2Pd(CN)2}] and an ion-pair complex [Co(Phen)2(H2O)2][Pd(CN)4]·MeOH have been synthesised (L = N,N-ethylene-bis(3-ethoxysalicylideneiminate; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Single X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the neutral trinuclear complex is self-complementary through coordinated aqua ligands from one complex and the free O4 compartments from the neighbouring complex, thereby giving a 1D single chain supramolecular structure. The ion-pair complex forms a three-dimensional network via intermolecular O…H–N hydrogen bond interactions. Magnetic susceptibility studies show overall weak antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent Mn(III) ions in the trimeric complex.
Floods of the Upper Danube River and Its Tributaries and Their Impact on Urban Economies (c. 1350-1600): The Examples of the Towns of Krems/Stein and Wels (Austria)
Authors: Rohr Christian
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the impact of disastrous and 'ordinary' floods on human societies in what is now Austria. The focus is on urban areas and their neighbourhoods. Examining institutional sources such as accounts of the bridge masters, charters, statutes and official petitions, it can be shown that city communities were well acquainted with this permanent risk: in fact, an office was established for the restoration of bridges and the maintenance of water defences and large depots for timber and water pipes ensured that the reconstruction of bridges and the system of water supply could start immediately after the floods had subsided. Carpenters and similar groups gained 10 to 20 per cent of their income from the repair of bridges and other flood damage. The construction of houses in endangered zones was adapted in order to survive the worst case experiences. Thus, we may describe those communities living along the central European rivers as 'cultures of flood management'. This special knowledge vanished, however, from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, when river regulations gave the people a false feeling of security.
Coastal Flooding and Socioeconomic Change in Eastern England in the Later Middle Ages
Authors: Galloway James A.
Published: March 2013

The coasts and coastal wetlands of Eastern England, like other lands around the North Sea basin, were subjected to recurrent and sometimes devastating floods in the later middle ages. Some towns and many rural settlements were destroyed or relocated, while others sustained repeated loss of life and property. Agricultural lands reverted to inter-tidal conditions in some areas, while major changes in land use occurred elsewhere. Coastal industries such as milling and peat-digging suffered, while estuarine fisheries expanded onto flooded farm-land. The changes were complex and can only be fully understood in terms of the interaction of environmental and socioeconomic processes. Population decline and economic recession changed the parameters within which risk and opportunity were evaluated after the middle of the fourteenth century.
Flood Security in the Medieval and Early Modern North Sea Area: A Question of Entitlement?
Authors: Soens Tim
Published: March 2013

Starting in the later Middle Ages, the coastal wetlands along the southern North Sea area were increasingly hit by a series of catastrophic storm surges. Deeply rooted in the collective memory of coastal society, these flood disasters are mostly discussed as products of meteorological disturbances, environmental vulnerability or technological failure. In this article, an alternative reading is proposed, drawing attention to massive distortions in the social allocation of flood protection in the later Middle Ages, which help to explain the increased frequency of storm disasters. Building on Amartya Sen's original entitlement approach, it is argued that the right of coastal peasants to flood security often witnessed severe setbacks preceding many flood disasters, caused by adverse economic conditions, but also by an increasing violation of their entitlement to flood protection mainly by non-peasant groups, backed by an expanding state power.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mandala Elias , Leeming Mark , Jundt Thomas , Eiden Herbert , McIsaac Jacqueline
Published: March 2013

Wapulumuka O. Mulwafu, Conservation Song: A History of Peasant- State Relations and the Environment in Malawi, 1860-2000 (Elias Mandala)
David Kinkela, DDT and the American Century: Global Health, Environmental Politics, and the Pesticide that Changed the World (Mark Leeming)
Sarah S. Elkind, How Local Politics Shape Federal Policy: Business, Power, and the Environment in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles (Thomas Jundt)
Peter Borsay and John K. Walton (eds.), Resorts and Ports: European Seaside Towns since 1700 (Herbert Eiden)
Stephanie Spencer, Francis Bedford, Landscape Photography and Nineteenth-Century British Culture: The Artist as Entrepreneur (Jacqueline McIsaac)
Message from the President of BSCCM
Authors: Faruq Mohammad Omar
Published: March 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14356
Critical Care Practice : Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Nooruzzaman ARM
Published: March 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14357 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 1-2
Outcome of NIV in Critical Care Setting: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Islam Md Motiul , Uddin Mirza Nazim , Nooruzzaman ARM , Rabbani Rahan , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Polash Mohammad Mufizul Islam , Nessa Shahzadi Sayeeda Tun , Bhuiyan Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman
Published: March 2013

NIV is a method of ventilatory support which is delivered to the patient without using an invasive airway. For the last two decades it is increasingly used as an accepted method of mechanical ventilatory support as it is proved to have many positive outcomes as it can prevent invasive ventilation & its complication. In a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh we are using this method in all patients meeting the NIV criteria & not having absolute contraindication irrespective of diagnosis. Our study aimed to access the out come of the NIV trial using our local resource & to compare it with others. This is an ongoing prospective study and till this report data from 82 patients were analyzed here of which 50% patient ended with positive outcome & 50% ended as negative outcome. As the result of this method varies significantly by diagnosis & severity of disease we are generating specific recommendations according to the likely outcome according to the diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14358 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 3-7
Implementation of Sepsis Bundles in Intensive Care Units of Bangladesh: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Faruq Mohammad Omar , Ahsan ASM Areef , Uddin Mirza Nazim , Khatun UH Shahera , Mannan Md Abdul , Tamanna Rownak Jahan , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Nooruzzaman ARM , Maniruzzaman Mohammed , Rahman AKM Shakiqur , Huda AK Qumrul , Aziz Lutful , Islam Md Sayedul , Faruk Mohammed , Hossain MHM Delwar , Manzoor Raghib , Shahid SM Hossain , Amin Md Nurul
Published: March 2013

Objective: To assess compliance of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Bangladesh to the components of resuscitation & management bundles of Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). Secondary objective was to assess the impact of compliance on mortality and to determine how its compliance & mortality compared with other Asian and Western countries. Design: Prospective Cohort study. Setting: 14 ICUs of Bangladesh. Participants: 65 adult patients with severe sepsis admitted into these ICUs in July 2009. The organizational characteristics of the participating centers, the patients baseline characteristics, the achievement of target within the resuscitation & management bundle & outcome data were recorded. Outcome: Compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaigns resuscitation (6 hrs) & management (24 hrs) bundles. Results: Hospital mortality in ICU patients of Bangladesh suffering from severe sepsis was 49·2%. It was significantly higher than countries reported. Compliance to entire components of both resuscitation & management bundles were reported to be zero in ICUs of Bangladesh. Compliance of individual components of the bundles did not predict improved survival. Conclusion: In ICUs of Bangladesh, high mortality of severe sepsis and failure of compliance of SSC bundle guidelines to have positive impact on survival were presumably attributed to delayed diagnosis, poor adherence to & delayed application of SSC guidelines on sepsis bundles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14359 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 8-17
APHACHE Score as a Predictive Indices for Weanability from Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Islam Md Sayedul
Published: March 2013

Objective: To determine the significance of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score as an important parameter of weaning outcome for mechanical ventilation. Design: prospective, observational. Setting: The medical ICU of a modernized private hospital, Dhaka. Method: The study was carried out during the period of 2008 to 2009 in a specialized private hospital Dhaka. Critical care physicians were asked to filled up the data sheets having detail problem of the patients including the APACHE II score. The APACHE II score is divided into three steps High score>25, Medium score 20-24 and Low score < 20. The clinicians were suggested to predict whether it would take < 3 days or 4to 7days or >8days to wean each patients from mechanical ventilation. The cause of respiratory failure and total duration of weaning were recorded. The significance was set at p<.05. Result: Total number of patients included in this study were 40. Male were 22 (55%) and female were 18 (45%), the mean age of the patients were 51.1±13.9. The most common cause of respiratory failure were COPD 11(24.5%) and next common were pneumonia and ARDS due to sepsis 8 (20%) each. Among the studied population 20 (50%) having low APACHE score (<20), 12 (30%) were medium score (20-24) and 8 (20%) patients were high score (>25). Total 25 (62.5%) of the patients were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation, 10 (25%) of the patient died and 5 (12.5%) of the patent were shifted to other low cost hospital. The successfully weaned groups 17 (68%) had lower APACHE II score than the unsuccessfully (failure) group which were statistically significant ÷2 =.8546, df =2, p-value >.005. Conclusions: The overall severity of illness as assessed by APACHE II score correlates better with weaning outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14360 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 18-22
Prevalence and Pattern of Cardiac Emergencies in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Sheikh Mahmood , Khan HI Lutfur Rahman , Chowdhury Abdul Wadud , Sabah KMN , Ekram Md Rezaul
Published: March 2013

Objective: Worldwide cardiac cases constitute a large portion of the medical emergencies. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of cardiac emergencies in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of presentation of cardiac emergencies in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at a medical college hospital in Dhaka city. Hospital medical records of 2457 patients admitted in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) between 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012 were reviewed. Relevant socio demographic data were abstracted from the hospital record files. Result: About 4.5% of the total emergency hospital admission was on the CCU. The mean age of the admitted pateints was 55.5 (SD 9.56) years. Males were affected twice as females. Majority of the patients presented with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) (42%), followed by Acute Left Ventricular Failure (19%) and Unstable Angina (16%). Small portion of the patients admitted with Cardiogenic Shock, Valvular heart Disease, Congestive Cardiac Failure and Variable Block. Hypertension (26%) and Diabetes Melitus (15%) was the two most common co-existing pathologies, along with Stroke, Respiratory Disease and Renal Disease. 13.5% patients died during their hospital stay. Conclusion: MI as the principal cause of cardiac emergencies is in coherence with other studies done abroad. High prevalence of Hypertention and Ischemic Heart Disease points to the dietery and lifestyle pattern of the people. Improvement of emergency care along with lifestyle modification is essential to minimize the burden of cardiac emergencies in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14361 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 23-26
Intracranial Aneurysms: Acute VS delayed Surgery An Analysis of 52 Cases
Authors: Alam Shamsul , Uddin AN Wakil , Mojumder Monsiur Rahman , Hossain Kamrunnessa , Islam KM Tarikul , Shegupta Farhana , Ahmed Anis , Abu Obaida ASM , Haque Saif Ul
Published: March 2013

Aneurysm surgery is increasing day by day in our country but the exact timing of surgery is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the results of early and late surgery for aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage.The aim of micro neurosurgical management of an aneurysm is the total occlusion of the aneurysm sac by clipping at the neck of aneurysm with preservation of flow in the parent artery and preservation of all its perforating arteries with minimal or no brain retraction. There were 52 patients included in this study among them 3 patients expired soon after the admission before surgery could take place. Hence 49 patients underwent clip surgery from July 2005 to May 2012 for 52 aneurysms because 3 patients harbored multiple aneurysms. Patients history, clinical findings, Hunt &Hess grading, Fisher grading of CT scan, preoperative & postoperative CT angiography, postoperative outcome were collected and analyzed. Most of the clipping (57.14%) were done in intermediate stage (4th to 10th days), because patients usually referred from peripheral hospital on 2nd or 3rd days after the acute S.A.H. Those who was admitted early and H&H status good, was fit to do early surgery (within 3rd day)(28.57% ). Overall outcome was assessed at 3 months after SAH using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Good outcome were observed in 40 cases among them 22 cases (42.3%) were able to return premorbid activities. Total mortality in this series were10 cases (19.23%) which includes preoperative death while waiting for clipping -3 cases and postoperative death 7 cases (14.2%). There is no reason to postpone clipping surgery in patients who are eligible for surgery at day 5. Surgery after day 10 is associated with worse outcome. Although these studies is having high rate of mortality which can be progressively minimize by our continuous improvement of surgical skills and postoperative critical care management of aneurysm patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14363 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 33-39
An Analysis of 1255 ICU Patients at a Tertiary Military Hospital
Authors: Hossain MHM Delwar , Al Maruf Abdullah
Published: March 2013

An intensive care unit (ICU) is a special part of hospital where expertise medical and nursing care has been provided along with monitoring and organ support. An analysis of 1255 patients was carried out to investigate retrospective review of data from ICU of combined military hospital (CMH) Dhaka. During this study period, the frequency of admission into ICU was more from medical discipline (59.92%) than other disciplines like surgical (37.52%), gynaecological, obstetric and other disciplines (2.55%). The incidence of survival was 53.86% from medical, 69% from surgical and 84.38% from gynaecological, obstetric and other disciplines and mortality was 46.14%, 31% and 15.62% respectively. Occurrence of total ventilatory support provided in all disciplines was 45.34%. In other studies it was found that the ICU mortality varies between 15% to 44% depending on various factors like age, severity of diseases, length of stay and organizational capability of the ICU. The most prevalence of diseases admitted into this ICU was cardiovascular diseases, which were 42.47% and second prevalent diseases were head injury (11.34%). The incidence of immediate mortality within 12 hours was 7.97%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14368 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 40-44
Electrodiagnostic Test: An Important Tools in the Evaluation of Critical Illness Neuromuscular Complications
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Habib Rumana , Bhowmik Nirmalendu Bikash , Haque Amirul
Published: March 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14369 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 45-48
Fat Embolism Syndrome: Our Experience
Authors: Polash Mohammad Mufizul Islam , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Islam Md Motiul , Rabbani Raihan , Nooruzzaman ARM , Uddin Mirza Nazim
Published: March 2013

Fat embolism syndrome is a serious consequence of fat emboli producing a distinct pattern of clinical symptoms and signs. It is most commonly associated with fractures of long bones and the pelvis. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of multiorgan dysfunction, particularly involving the triad of lungs, brain, and skin. A combination of clinical criteria and MRI brain will enable early and accurate diagnosis of FES. Prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate symptomatic treatment are the mainstay of management. We present a case who became drowsy, after a few hours of a traumatic fracture and developed pulmonary insufficiency, cutaneous petechiae. MRI findings were consistent with cerebral fat embolism. Treatment included intensive care, artificial respiration, and symptomatic therapy. The patient had recovered completely. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14370 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 49-52
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Masquerading as Brain Death
Authors: Ahmed Fatema , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz
Published: March 2013

Brain death is irreversible loss of function of the brain including the brain stem. Many clinical conditions may mimic brain death. This is a case review of a 27 year old Bangladeshi male who complaints heaviness of tongue and slurring of speech and was diagnosed as a case of bulbar palsy and found to develop ascending flaccid paralysis of limbs, subsequently he developed respiratory failure was placed on mechanical ventilator (MV) with GCS -3 and brain stem and all spinal reflexes were absent. The MRI & CSF studies were unremarkble. He was on MV and had no spontaneous breathing. A provisional diagnosis of GBS was made with a dfferential diagnosis of Brain stem death. Patient recieved 5 cycles of plasma pheresis without any clinical change. EEG showed cerebral reactivity on tactile stimulation and external noise stimulation. 31ist day of his illness patient developed involuntary tongue movement with pupils weakly reacting to light. 37th day of his illness he opened his eyes with vocal command. His neurological recovery continued till discharge DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14371 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 53-55
Treatment of Tetanus in ICU: A Case Report
Authors: Shumy Farzana , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Polash Mohammad Mafizul Islam , Islam Md Motiul , Rabbani Raihan , Nooruzzaman Abu Reza Mohammad , Uddin Mirza Nazim
Published: March 2013

Tetanus remains an important cause of death in the developing countries, like Bangladesh. The cause of death in tetanus is spasm of the larynx and muscle spasm. High dose muscle relaxant are required to prevent this which itself has side effect like respiratory depression. Treatment in ICU with the help of mechanical ventilation prevents death from respiratory complications and produce best possible therapeutic effect of the drugs. In this case, a patient of tetanus was managed in ICU with high doses of muscle relaxant along with all the medication necessary for tetanus and produced good outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14372 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 56-58
Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in Severe Dengue
Authors: Anam Ahmad Mursel , Polash Mohammad Mufizul Islam , Islam Md Motiul , Bhuiyan Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Nooruzzaman ARM , Uddin Mirza Nazim
Published: March 2013

Dengue is a mosquito-borne systemic viral infection with variety of clinical presentation, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe and fatal disease. A patient presented with history of fever and abdominal pain, and later developed shock. From clinical and epidemiological features, he was diagnosed as a patient of severe dengue, later confirmed by laboratory investigations. In dengue, shock can result from plasma leakage, and abdominal pain may be a feature of acalculous cholecystitis or pancreatitis, recognised presentations of dengue and usually managed conservatively. But high index of suspicion persuaded abdominal imaging, revealing a potentially fatal complication of dengue- spontaneous splenic rupture. Aggressive resuscitation and early surgery saved the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v1i1.14373 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2013; 1: 59-62
Sex, organal and seasonal differences of Belminthofauna of toad, bufo melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)
Authors: Begum Aleya , Banu Nasrin
Published: March 2013

A total of 75 toads (39 males and 36 females), Bufo melanostictus, collected from different areas of Dhaka city from May 2009 to April 2010 was examined for helminth parasites. The results showed that seven parasite species were collected, and prevalence of infection was 100%. The parasite fauna was comprised of Trematoda: 8% was the prevalence of Ganeo kumaonensis, 8% of Halipegus eccentricus; Nematoda: 100% of Oswaldocruzia indica, 68% of Neopharyngodon sp., 40% of Rhabdias bufonis; Acanthocephala: 28% of Pseudoacanthocephalus bufonis; and Pentastomida: 4% of Raillietiella indica. Serious damage was observed in intestine (53.94%) then rectum (24.55%), stomach (12.73%) and lungs (8.78%). The males had a higher intensity (77.92) than the females (44.58). Seasonally, the highest intensity of infection was found in the rainy season (81.21) and lowest during the winter (39.87). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14308 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 155-164, 2012
Alteration of haematolocial parameters of "zeol fish"- Clarias batrachus exposed to malathion
Authors: Chowdhury Akhtarunnessa , Haq Masudul
Published: March 2013

Clarias batrachus, locally called zeol fish, reared in fresh water on protein diet were exposed to 5% (8.77 mg/l active ingredient) and 10% (17.74 mg/l active ingredient) concentrations of malathion at 24 h intervals, for three weeks in cement tanks containing 580 liters of water with a constant flow (1.5/1 min) of aerated dechlorinated tap water with no recirculation under natural light. Weekly two cc venous blood was drawn from each sample to determine the haematolocial parameters using EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) as an anticoagulant. The findings of this study showed that malathion in different concentrations have some diverse effects on the haematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Exposer to 10% concentration of malathion was found to have a lethal effect on RBC, thrombocyte, neutrophil and Hb concentration which caused death of the fish with the sign of hypochromic microcytic anemia. Exposer to 5% concentration, on the other hand, showed leucopoenia due to decreased leucocyte counts. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and differential count of WBC levels showed decreased values at 5% concentration of malathion. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb and concentration and MCH were observed during the exposer to the pesticide malathion. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of RBC, MCHC, PCV, MCV and WBC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14311 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 183-188, 2012
Food habits and feeding behaviour of spotted flapshell turtle, Lissemys punctata (Lacepede, 1788) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Lokman , Sarker Sohrab Uddin , Sarker Noor Jahan
Published: March 2013

The study was conducted between March 1998 and February 2001 in nature and in captivity to observe the food habits and feeding behaviour of spotted flapshell turtle, Lissemys punctata (Lacepede, 1788) in Bangladesh. The species was found to be carnivore feeding on mollusks, annelids, crabs, insects, slow moving and diseased fish. In nature, the food consumption of the turtle was 0.47% of the body weight per day and that was the highest in rainy season (0.70%) and lowest in winter (0.15%). In captivity, the consumption was 8.2% of the body weight per day and it was the highest in rainy season (11.8%) and lowest in winter (3.9%). The feeding frequency was higher in captivity than in nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14313 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 197-205, 2012
Effects of organophosphate pesticide abate on the ovary of the cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.)
Authors: Kumari Mamata
Published: March 2013

The effects of the pesticide Abate on the ovary of the cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch.) was studied by observing the vitellogenesis of the fish. The LC50 of Abate (0.64 ppm) after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure to the fish was determined to be 14.3, 10.0, 6.61 and 5.13 ppm, respectively. The glycogen contents in the normal fish were lowest (6.0 mg/g) and highest (21.96 mg/g) in December and August, respectively; the protein contents were lowest (102.65 mg/g) in August and highest (424.17 mg/g) in December; whereas, the cholesterol was the lowest (9.32 mg/g) in November and highest (15.76 mg/g) in August. In the Abate treated fish, the lowest and highest contents of biochemicals were: 3.58 and 17.10 mg/g of glycogen in December and August, respectively; 80.44 and 378.34 mg/g of protein in December and August, respectively; and 7.15 and 12.92 mg/g of cholesterol in December and August respectively. The results show that the pesticide Abate has the potentiality to alter the vitellogenesis of the fish. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14314 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 207-212, 2012
Diagnosis of tuberculosis and risk factors involved
Authors: Khanum Hamida , Sultana Rumana , Dhar Ripon Chandra
Published: March 2013

The present study was carried out over a total of 330 suspected outdoor TB patients from the Shyamoli Chest Clinic, Dhaka. The prevalence of TB was 29.69%, male and female ratio for the prevalence being 2.4:1. The highest prevalence (18.37%) was observed among the 20-24 age group followed by 25-29 age group (17.35%). Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among the total cases was 74.51%; on the other hand, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) was 25.51%. According to the severity of 73 PTB cases, 52.05% had severe pulmonary infection, 28.8% moderate pulmonary infection, and 19.2% mild TB infection. Among 98 TB positive cases, 14.29% had relapse cases and 85.71% had new cases. Among the 14 relapse cases, 85.71% patients had PTB while 14.29% patients had EPTB. On the other hand, out of 84 new cases, 72.62% had PTB and 27.38% had EPTB. According to occupation, the highest prevalence (21.43%) was observed among service holders, followed by garments workers and laborers (17.35%). The lowest prevalence (9.18%) was found among unemployed people. The higher prevalence of TB was mostly associated with poor socio-economic condition, close contact with infected cases, illiteracy, gender related factors and health care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14315 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 213-220, 2012
Prevalence and comparative likelihood of urinary tract infection (UTI) among female out patients in BSMMU
Authors: Khanum Hamida , Munir Fahmida , Shafiullah AZM , Muznebin Farhana
Published: March 2013

Out of 200 urine samples of female out patients from BSMMU hospital, 128 (64%) cases were detected as Escherichia coli positive, 66.67% of cases in summer and 60% in winter. To compare the risks of E. coli infection in summer and winter and also among different age groups, odd ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were used as measures of comparative likelihood. The values of both OR and RR were greater than one when the risk of E. coli infection of adults (16-35) was compared with that of middle age (36-50) and old age (51-70) groups. The adults were always at higher risk of UTI by E. coli, and the livelihood of infection was not equal in summer and winter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14317 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 231-239, 2012
Exploitation of marine swimming crab in Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Bikram Jit , Singha Nripendra Kumar , Ali SM Hasan , Rhaman Md Gaziur
Published: March 2013

abstract not availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14318 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 241-245, 2012
Surgery for primary intracerebral haemorrhage: is it safe and effective?
Authors: Talukder MMH , Islam KMT , Hossain M , Jahan MU , Mahmood F , Hossain SS
Published: March 2013

This prospective study was conducted to compare the outcome between medical and surgical treatment of primary intracerebral haemorrhage at the department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2006 to October 2007. All patients with primary intracerebral haematoma with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 5-15 (on admission) and heamatoma volume 30 cc or above admitted at Neurosurgery department managed conservatively or surgically were included in this study. Total 60 patients were selected, of them 30 patients managed conservatively and 30 patients managed surgically. Conservatively managed patients regarded as control group (Group-A) and surgically managed patients regarded as experimental group (Group-B). Patients or attendants refused to operate were included in the conservative group. All the selected patients were evaluated on the basis of detailed history, clinical examination (general and neurological examination) and CT scan findings. Outcome was evaluated in term of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Best medical treatment was given for conservative group and operations were done for surgical group and followed up after surgery till discharge by observing GCS and GOS at discharge. Number of death were 15 (50%) patients in group- A and 13 (43%) patients in group-B. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between two groups but outcome was relatively better in group-B. According to Glasgow Outcome Scale, dependency in group-A and group-B was 26.6% and 23.4% respectively. So dependency were more in group-A. But there was no significant difference statistically. Seven (23.4%) patients were independent in group-A but 10(43.3%) patients were independent in group-B. However in relative terms of outcome of group-B was better than that of group-A. In our study we found no statistically significant difference in outcome between medical and surgical management of primary intracerebral haemorrhage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14328 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 74-78 (December)
Pattern of urinary tract infection in Kashmir and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Ahmad S
Published: March 2013

Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding the causative agents of urinary tract infection in Kashmiri patients, identify the uropathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the uropathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected from 2190 patients. The specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were also determined. Of 2190 specimens, 591 (27%) showed significant growth upon culture. Approximately 84.1 % (497/591) of the 591 patients with UTI were females, most of which belonged to the 21-30 age group (206). The males accounted for 15.9% (94/591) UTI cases. Most of the male patients belonged to the 21-30 age group (34). The lowest incidence of urinary tract infections was seen among the 13-20 years age group. Throughout this study males accounted for only 16% of all UTI cases. Esherichia coli was the most predominant isolate, 53.8% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 22.4% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.6%. All isolates were fully sensitive to ofloxacin, and more than 94% were sensitive to cefuroxime. Apart from group D Streptococcus , the overall response to ampicillin by all isolates was less than 15%. The prevalence of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community-acquired urinary tract infections is increasing. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to cefuroxime and ofloxacin. It is recommended that cefuroxime and ofloxacin or both are used in the blind treatment of urinary tract infection while awaiting the culture and sensitivity results. Concurrent with the necessary shift in the prescription pattern, attention should be paid to restriction of antibiotic abuse in the community to retard development of further drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14330 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 79-83 (December)
Pattern of cutaneous tuberculosis among children and adolescent
Authors: Sultana A , Bhuiyan MSI , Haque A , Bashar A , Islam MT , Rahman MM
Published: March 2013

Cutaneous tuberculosis is one of the most subtle and difficult diagnoses for dermatologists practicing in developing countries. It has widely varied manifestations and it is important to know the spectrum of manifestations in children and adolescent. Sixty cases (age<19 years) of cutaneous tuberculosis were included in this one period study. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination, tuberculin reaction, histopathology, and response to antitubercular therapy. Histopahology revealed 38.3% had skin tuberculosis and 61.7% had diseases other than tuberculosis. Among 23 histopathologically proved cutaneous tuberculosis, 47.8% had scrofuloderma, 34.8% had lupus vulgaris and 17.4% had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TVC). Most common site for scrofuloderma lesions was neck and that for lupus vulgaris and TVC was lower limb. Cutaneous tuberculosis in children continues to be an important cause of morbidity, there is a high likelihood of internal involvement, especially in patients with scrofuloderma. A search is required for more sensitive, economic diagnostic tools. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14335 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 94-97 (December)
Community acquired pneumonia in diabetic and non-diabetic hospitalized patients: presentation, causative pathogens and outcome
Authors: Saibal MAA , Rahman SHZ , Nishat L , Sikder NH , Begum SA , Islam MJ , Uddin KN
Published: March 2013

Both community acquired pneumonia and diabetes mellitus are common in Bangladesh. Though hospitalization of diabetic patients with CAP is increasing, data regarding their clinical presentation, microbial characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcome are lacking. This study was aimed at finding any difference in clinical presentation, bacterial causes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria and outcome in diabetic and non-diabetic hospitalized patients with CAP. In this study total 47 diabetic and 43 non-diabetic adult hospitalized patients with CAP were enrolled. Clinical presentation of CAP differed in diabetics and non-diabetics. Frequency of atypical presentation and CURB-65 score were significantly higher in diabetics. Pleural effusion with multilobar infiltration was also common feature for CAP in diabetic patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent causative pathogen for CAP in diabetic patients, whereas Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent causative agent for non-diabetic patients. Bacteria isolated from sputum sample of diabetic patients with CAP were resistant to almost all recommended antibiotics used for CAP but 100% of isolates were sensitive to Carbapenems. Pulmonary complications were relatively more in diabetics than in non-diabetics. Hospitalized diabetics with CAP required referral to intensive care unit more than that of non-diabetics. So, diabetic patients with CAP need extra attention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14336 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 98-103 (December)
Hepatitis B surface antigen-negative, but HBV DNA-positive patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahtab MA , Akbar SMF , Rahman S
Published: March 2013

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is regarded as sole marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Bangladesh and most other developing countries. However, some HBV-negative subjects may harbor HBV DNA and transfusion of their blood may cause HBV infection in recipients. HBV DNA was checked in 20 patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, 10 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma without any known etiology, and 10 apparently healthy subjects with elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). HBV DNA was detected in 8 of 20 patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, 1 of 10 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 of 10 apparent healthy subjects with elevated ALT. However, all of them were negative for HBsAg in the sera. This study indicates that some additional mechanisms should be developed for detection of HBsAg-negative HBV-infected subjects for efficient control and management of HBV infection in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14337 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 104-107 (December)
Prevalence and risk factors for gastro-esophageal reflux disease in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh
Authors: Shaha M , Perveen I , Alamgir MJ , Masud MH , Rahman MH
Published: March 2013

Despite a common disorder population-based data on gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Bangladesh is lacking. This epidemiological study was designed to determine the prevalence of GERD and its association with lifestyle factors. This population-based cross-sectional study was done by door to door interview of randomly selected persons in both urban and rural areas of North Eastern part of Bangladesh by using a validated questionnaire. A cutoff point 3 was chosen as a valid and reliable scale to confirm GERD. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS-12 version and the level of significance was set at P?0.05. A total of 2000 persons with an age range of 15 to 85 years were interviewed; 1000 subjects from urban area and 1000 from rural area. Among the study subjects 1064 were male and 936 were female. A total of 110 persons (5.5%) were found to have GERD symptoms and among them 47 were men and 67 were women. The monthly, weekly and daily prevalence of heart-burn and or acid regurgitation was 5.5%, 5.25% and 2.5% respectively. Female sex, increased age and lower level of education were significantly associated with GERD symptoms. Prevalence was found more among city dwellers (approximately 6.0% versus 4.8%), married (6.23%, n=86), widowed/widowers (16.83%, n=17) and day labourer (8.78%). Level of education inversely influenced the prevalence. No significant association of GERD was found with body mass index (BMI) and smoking. Prevalence of GERD in North-Eastern part of Bangladesh was lower than that of western world. Prevalence was found higher in urban population, women, married, widowed/widowers and in poor and illiterate persons. BMI and smoking had no significant association with GERD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14338 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 108-113 (December)
Effect of short term recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy in the prevention of anemia of prematurity (AOP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates
Authors: Yasmeen BHN , Chowdhury MAKA , Hoque MM , Hossain MM , Jahan R , Akhtar S
Published: March 2013

Premature infants especially those with birth weight <1500 g suffer from Anaemia of prematurity (AOP) and associated problems. Erythropoietin therapy is a safe effective way to prevent and to treat anaemia of prematurity. To evaluate the effect of short term administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) with iron and folic acid in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates in the prevention of anaemia of prematurity. A randomized controlled trial was carried out at Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Sixty preterm very low birth weight (PTVLBW) babies were enrolled in this study. Thirty were assigned to rHuEPO group and 30 as control. Baseline haematologic values were estimated before administration of rHuEPO. From day 7 of life rHuEPO-200 IU/kg/dose subcutaneously every alternate day for 2 weeks was administered to rHuEPO group. All infants in both groups have received oral iron, folic acid from day 14. Clinical and haematological assessment was done at 6 and 10 weeks of life. Baseline clinical characteristics and haematologic values were almost similar in both groups. This study has shown increase in haematological values(haemoglobin and haematocrit) and reduction in the number of blood transfusions during both the 1st and 2nd follow up in rHuEPO group in comparison to control group (p<0.01). Short term rHuEPO appears to be very effective in prevention of Anaemia of prematurity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14340 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 119-123 (December)
Isolation and identification of Newcastle disease viruses from field outbreaks in chickens and pigeons
Authors: Mazumder AC , Khatun S , Nooruzzaman M , Chowdhury EH , Das PM , Islam MR
Published: March 2013

Eleven dead or sick birds submitted from farms in the year 2010 with a history of sudden death with respiratory and/or diarrhoeal signs were used for isolation and identification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All samples were subjected to routine necropsy. Pooled respiratory tissues were inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. The growth of NDV was confirmed by embryo mortality, cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture, haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The presence of NDV was confirmed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At necropsy seven cases were tentatively diagnosed as Newcastle disease (ND). Out of seven ND-suspected samples, four yielded virus in both embryos and cell culture, while one was positive only in embryos, one only in cell culture and one sample was negative in both embryos and cell culture. RT-PCR successfully amplified a 766 bp fragment covering parts of Matrix and Fusion protein genes of NDV from the samples that were positive either in embryos or in cell culture. It is suggested that RT-PCR could be a rapid and sensitive tool for the detection of NDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14341 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 41-48
Immune response and protective potential following vaccination against Newcastle disease virus and fowl cholera in Naked neck chickens
Authors: Sabrin MS , Saha S , Amin MM , Hossain MG
Published: March 2013

Humoral immune responses to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Fowl cholera (BAUFC) vaccines were evaluated in naked neck chickens (NNC). Ten birds were vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Virus (BCRDV) at Day 7 through intra-ocular route and with Ranikhet Disease Virus (RDV) at day 35 of age through intramuscular route. Serum antibodies were measured by Haemagglutination Inhibition test. Two weeks after final immunization all birds were challenged with virulent field isolate of NDV where all vaccinated birds survived without illness during ten days, and all ten control birds died. Ten birds were vaccinated with BAUFC vaccine at Day 42 and 70 according to the Manufacturers instruction, which induced detectable levels of antibody titre as determined by Passive Haemagglutination Assay (PHA) test. Eight vaccinated birds survived following challenge with virulent fowl cholera isolate two weeks after final vaccination and all ten control birds died. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14342 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 49-55
Comparison of genes as target for molecular diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants in goats
Authors: Bhuiyan AR , Rahman MM , Begum JA , Islam MR , Chowdhury EH
Published: March 2013

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are an acute viral disease of sheep and goats. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for successful control. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a molecular diagnostic test based on amplification of the gene target is more sensitive than other tests. The study was to find an efficient primer set and structural gene, which would be more specific and sensitive for detecting PPR virus (PPRV) in field samples. Six primer sets for six structural genes of PPR were used. Primer against NP gene (np3/np4) was specific and sensitive. To ensure efficient amplification and detection of viruses in field samples, more than one set of primers should be used and F and N gene specific primers were the most suitable. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14343 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 56-62
Characterization of bacteria associated with omphalitis in chicks
Authors: Nasrin S , Islam MA , Khatun M , Akhter L , Sultana S
Published: March 2013

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize the bacteria present in cases of omphalitis in chicks. Yolk swabs (n = 60) were aseptically collected from affected chicks and cultured for isolation and identification of bacteria. E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococci were identified. Bacteria were tested for sensitivity to ten common antibiotics. E coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole and erythromycin. Salmonella were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and resistant to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The existence of multi-drug resistance emphasises the need to prevent omphalitis in chicks by hygiene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14344 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 63-68
Effects of Nishyinda, black pepper and cinnamon extract as growth promoter in broilers
Authors: Molla MR , Rahman MM , Akter F , Mostofa M
Published: March 2013

An extract of nishyinda (Vitex negundo) leaves, black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) (polyherbal extract) were used as growth promoter in broilers. A total of 20 day-old broiler chicks were purchased and after seven days of acclimatization randomly divided into two equal groups. No vaccination schedule was practised and no antibiotics were added in rations. Group A served as control while group B was supplemented with polyherbal extract 1 mL/litre in drinking water. Weekly body weight gain up to six weeks was measured and blood tests were performed at 21 and 42 days. Polyherbal extract significantly (P<0.05) improved weight gain. There was no change in haematological parameters. It can be concluded that the polyherbal extract was safe as a growth promoter in broiler production without adverse effects on chicken health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i2.14345 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 69-77