bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA PATERNALİST LİDERLİK MODELİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KILINÇ Erhan
Published: May 2019

Bir toplumsal etki süreci olarak değerlendirilen liderlik en genel
anlamıyla; insanları sevk ve idare edebilme becerisi ve yeteneği olarak
tanımlanmaktadır. Klasik liderlik yaklaşımları artık günümüzün liderlik
ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamamaktadır. Çünkü hem liderin hem de takipçilerin
nitelikleri, olanakları ve çevreleri artık çok değişmiştir. Ayrıca bir liderin
başarı şansı, liderlik ilkelerinin tamamını uygulamasından ziyade değişen
koşullara dengeli bir şekilde uyum sağlayabilmesi ile mümkün olduğu ifade edilmektedir.
Günümüzde artık, “ortam ne olursa olsun, bazı liderlik tarzları daima iyidir ve
etkilidir” görüşü yerine liderliğin toplumdan topluma, kültürden kültüre hatta
sektörden sektöre değişebileceği görüşü yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bununla birlikte
toplumların, kendi kültür tarzlarına yakın liderleri daha kolay benimseyeceği
ve dolayısıyla bu durumun toplumun bir yapı taşı olan örgütleri de olumlu
etkileyeceği de söylenebilir. Bu yaklaşımın yakın zamanda önem kazanan
araştırma konularından biri de paternalist liderliktir. Paternalist liderliğin
önem kazanmasının nedenlerinden biri de dünya ekonomisinde artan bir öneme
sahip olan Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerinde de paternalist kültürün sonucu olarak
görülen bu liderlik modelinin yaygın olarak görülmesidir.

Sağlık kurumlarında yönetimi uygulanabilecek liderlik modelleri,
günümüze kadar araştırılan önemli sağlık yönetimi konular arasındadır. Çünkü
sağlık örgütlerinde yaşanan pek çok sorunun temelinde, diğer örgütlerde de
olduğu gibi, bu örgütlerin iyi yönetilmemesi yatmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözümü
ise alanına, örgüte ve topluma uyum sağlamış liderlerle sağlanabilir.
Değişimlerin hızlı yaşandığı ve toplumun bilinçlendiği günümüzde, sağlık
kuruluşların çağdaş yönetim anlayışını ortaya koyabilmeleri, etkileşimci, insan
odaklı ve yenilikçi bir liderlere sahip olmaları ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmada,
sağlık kuruluşlarının etkili ve verimli yönetebilmesi için gereken liderlik
alanlarından paternalist anlayışı, bu anlayışın sağlık işletmelerinde etkileri
ve sağlık sektöründe yapılacak paternalist liderlik araştırmalarında dikkat
edilmesi gereken konular incelenmiştir.
BİR KAMU HASTANESİNDE MALİYET ANALİZİ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: PALTEKİ Tuncay
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma ile
hastane hizmet maliyetlerine yönelik bütüncül bir bakış açısı kazandırmak ve model
oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.Araştırma bir kamu hastanesinin 2002
yılı verileri üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Maliyet analizinde fiili ve tam
maliyet yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Tüm sonuçların endeks değişim oranına göre
yeniden değerlemeleri yapılmıştır.

Maliyetlerin gerçeğe yakın olabilmesi
için giderlerin gider yerlerine ya da ürünlere doğrudan yükleme oranlarının
yüksek olması ve dağıtım modellerinin doğru kurgulanması gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmada gider yerlerine doğrudan yükleme oranı % 73.2’ye ulaşmıştır. Hastane
maliyetleri içerisinde işgücü maliyetleri %73,8 ile ilk sırada yer almıştır.
Laboratuvar testlerine ait maliyetler günümüze göre oldukça fazla olduğu
görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada hedeflendiği gibi kamu hastanelerinde maliyetlerin sürekli
izlenmesi için bilişim sektörünün de katkılarıyla yeni modellemelerin
yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
Making English Their Own: The Use of ELF among Students of English at the FUB
Authors: Erling Elizabeth J. , Bartlett Tom
Published: May 2019

This paper analyses the attitudes and motives of students studying English at the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB) and suggests that changing opinions on national (US and UK) standards and the emergence of the ‘New Europe’ represent mutually reinforcing conditions of possibility for the deliberate adoption of a Europeanised English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). We present results from a sociolinguistic profile of students at the FUB which include a statistical analysis of questionnaires distributed to 101 students of English in July 2001; excerpts from student essays that reflect on the role of English in students’ lives; and in-depth interviews with five of these students (see further Erling 2004). Through statistical analysis, it became clear that there were certain clusters among students: a US-friendly cluster (54%), a pro-British cluster (13%) and a lingua franca cluster (34%). In this paper, the lingua franca cluster is considered in depth with an analysis of their descriptions of the challenges of making English ‘their own […] forcing it to submit to their own intentions and accents’ (Bakhtin 1981: 294). We also describe specific linguistic features of these students’ Englishes and compare them to other varieties of world Englishes. These findings suggest that these users are appropriating the language for their own purposes, asserting their identities through English and empowering themselves as owners of the language. With this in mind, pedagogical implications for teaching ELF at the university level are considered in the final section of the paper.
Front Stage and Back Stage Writing: Using Logs to Rehearse and Develop a Disciplinary Role
Authors: Eik-Nes Nancy Lea
Published: May 2019

Developing a scientific writing course for doctoral students in engineering involves striking a balance between meeting practical expectations and providing students with an opportunity to develop their academic identity through their writing. This paper is based on a scientific writing course that incorporates both a genre approach and a process approach. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate a practice from a process approach to writing: log-writing. Students submit weekly logs in which they are to write freely about their doctoral projects; the teacher responds to each log, but does not correct or evaluate the texts. An analysis of the logs using Goffman’s theatrical metaphors of “front stage” and “back stage” (Goffman, 1971) reveals that students use their logs for both front stage and back stage writing. When they are front stage, they write to play their roles as disciplinary characters, impressing their audience through disciplinary conventions. Writing back stage, they show private aspects of themselves as they work out and rehearse the roles they are to play. They worry, question, observe, discuss and reflect upon the practices and expectations of their disciplinary communities. They examine their own resources and use them to make choices as they further develop the role they will play front stage.
English for Academic Purposes: A New Discipline in Norway?
Authors: Gulden Ann Torday
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
Dwelling upon Time: Memory's changing function in the poetry of Wordsworth
Authors: Armstrong Charles I.
Published: May 2019

Wordsworth is widely and justly characterized as a poet of recollection. Few writers have been more consistently preoccupied with the workings and signification of remembering.1 Not only is memory often the matter of Wordsworth's song, but it is also intimately involved with the genesis of that song, as the famous description of poetical composition as feeding upon "emotion recollected in tranquillity" makes clear. This side of Wordsworth's singular involvement with the phenomenon of memory has been minutely scrutinized, especially in its connection with The Prelude and the early poetry, but the subsequent development of the same problematic has been neglected. How does memory function in his later poetry, and does it diverge there in any significant respect from the celebrated instances of recollection in The Prelude.
The Gaze of Tiresias: Joyce, Rossellini and the Iconology of "The Dead"
Authors: Grønstad Asbjørn
Published: May 2019

This is an essay on transtextuality — the logistics of quotation — and literary/cinematic memory, though with a particular focus on their workings in James Joyce's "The Dead" and Roberto Rossellini's Voyage to Italy (Viaggio in Italia, 1953).
English Literature and a Single European Currency
Authors: Lock Charles
Published: May 2019

Sovereignty has much to do with sovereigns, with transcendental centres of authority, whose representation on the coinage gives a mystique, an aura, to our daily dealings; sovereignty guarantees, validates, underwrites the rituals of value and exchange. It thereby affirms and stabilizes value; all values in society are referred to that which is sovereign in it, that which is transcendent to the domain of exchange. That which subordinates and orders individuals, and shapes them into a society, is, we suppose, sovereign, and there is nothing that orders us more thoroughly than money. It has not been a choice presented even to the most individualistic, what sort of currency he or she may use.
Reading The Merchant of Venice Dialogically
Authors: Skovmand Michael
Published: May 2019

Seen through the eyes of contemporary Shakespeare criticism, three - perhaps four - of Shakespeare's plays stand out as ideologically problematic or 'politically incorrect': The Merchant of Venice, Othello, The Tempest - and perhaps The Taming of the Shrew
"Working Through Contradiction Interminably": Towards a Mathesis Singularis?
Authors: Vågnes Øyvind
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
Danish Echoes of English
Authors: Gottlieb Henrik
Published: May 2019

The present dominance of Anglo-American culture is recognized worldwide as having a huge impact on the way national cultures and languages change these years. No wonder, with the influx of English- inspired language features (in the following referred to as Anglicisms) follow extensive language-political discussions among concerned laymen, scholars and politicians in the speech communities affected. Unfortunately, such discussions often lack coherent terminology, and statements are seldom based on a sound empirical foundation. Against this background, this paper seeks to: a) establish a comprehensive - as well as comprehensible - typology that will accommodate the bewildering variety of Anglicisms found in contemporary usage the world over, thus constituting a common denominator for future debates on the influence of English, and b) illustrate how language corpora may be fruitfully exploited to yield the empirical data necessary for promoting genuinely scholarly discussions and sustainable language policies. Before elaborating on these two points, I will provide the reader with an outline of the present language-political climate in a speech community strongly influenced by English, and then use this to distill a working definition of the key notion dealt with in this paper: Anglicism.
Churchill: The Continuing Story
Authors: Sevaldsen Jørgen
Published: May 2019

The iconic position of Winston Churchill, the great statesman and orator (1874-1965), was confirmed in a very public and spectacular fashion when in 2 0 0 2 a popular B B C poll made him a clear winner of the title of the Greatest Briton ever. With 2 8 . 1 % of the final vote, he beat not only his nearest rival, the Victorian engineer Isambard Brunei (24.6%), but also celebrities better known outside Britain such as Shakespeare (6.8%) or Admiral Nelson (3%). This essay will look at other manifestations of the continued contemporary interest in Churchill and discuss why it is that his career, views and personality are still felt to be of contemporary relevance.
The Lingua Franca of Globalisation: "filius nullius in terra nullius", as we say in English
Authors: Kayman Martin A.
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
To Go Down Singing: Stage Directions and Presence in Samuel Beckett‘s Happy Days
Authors: Lie Sissel
Published: May 2019

Do we have the liberty to do what we want to with Beckett‘s texts? Perhaps the answer is yes—the text, after all, will still be there in its original glory after all its different productions are long forgotten. Nevertheless, I would argue that Beckett limits our freedom to create our own version of the play, and that for instance Happy Days is a work of art where theatrical space and objects, movements and sounds, as defined by Beckett, are as important as the play‘s verbal language. Only when these limitations are respected, I suggest, can we, as spectators, really benefit from the play. My comparison between Winnie in Happy Days and another literary figure, Mary Poppins, underlines the strangeness of the everyday objects in Winnie‘s bag, and gives the seemingly everyday objects of Beckett‘s stage directions a magical aura, and shows how vital stage directions in the text and on stage is to the readers‘ and spectators‘ experience of Beckett‘s play.
Understanding Metadiscoursal Use: Lessons from a 'Local' Corpus of Learner Academic Writing
Authors: Noble Wendy
Published: May 2019

Classroom-based corpus research into learner writing using both computational and manual text analysis can provide a starting point for shaping students‘ understanding of academic argumentation including metadiscourse. Following Mauranen (1993), Ädel‘s (2003) model delineates metadiscourse from evaluation, refocusing attention on explicit reflexive language. This study examines the use of metadiscourse in high-scoring and low-scoring essays written by undergraduate L2 business students. The subcategories studied are connectives, frame markers, code glosses and self-mentions. The results show striking differences in the range and use of markers to structure text. The wider aim of this study is to identify accessible models and methods to enable teachers to analyse metadiscourse in academic literacy.
Branded in his Mind: Trauma, Violence and Memory in E. L. Doctorow’s The Book of Daniel 1
Authors: Ferrández María
Published: May 2019

E. L. Doctorow’s The Book of Daniel (1971) is unequivocally what has been termed a “trauma novel.” This paper examines the protagonist’s traumatic condition, concentrating on its causes and on the determining circumstances that contribute to aggravating it. The analysis of Daniel’s narrative reveals that he suffers from many of the symptoms associated to PTSD and anhedonia, a psychological condition which frequently co-occurs with PTSD as a consequence of infantile psychic trauma. The paper, then, explores the relationship between the protagonist’s traumatic condition and his violent and oppressive treatment of the three main female characters of the novel. Finally, this paper concentrates on the status of Daniel’s memories of his traumatic past. As a conclusion, it is contended that the novel’s concern with trauma and memory points to the author’s preoccupation with remembrance, which he seems to consider the best and only tool to build a better world. Doctorow seeks to highlight the importance of listening to the fragmented voices of those who suffer the effects of trauma in order to develop new social and political perspectives that will guarantee a better future.
“Recreations for leisure hours”: Popular Entertainment in Collins’s Hide and Seek
Authors: De Giovanni Flora
Published: May 2019

Collins’s Hide and Seek (1854), is a valuable contribution to the Victorian debate on popular entertainment, punctuated as it is by references to the circus, the music hall and the painting exhibition. Leisure appears to be a crucial issue for the author: himself a great entertainer and the father-to-be of the sensation novel, he aimed to gain access to the booming reading market of the 1850s-60s without giving up his literary ambitions. The detailed analysis of amusement he carries out in Hide and Seek is a significant step in the accomplishment of his objective, paving the way to the rise of sensation fiction, which, he seems to imply, was the recreation, both amusing and instructing, the Victorian cross-class audience was in need of.
Traveller or Tourist? The Sensible Observations of Roland Barthes and George Sandys1
Authors: Hadfield Andrew
Published: May 2019

Is it better to be a tourist or a traveller? Tourists are usually denigrated as vulgar and ignorant while travellers are thought to be more sensitive and observant and to be performing more useful cultural work. However, the iconoclastic writings of Roland Barthes might persuade readers to rethink these commonly-held assumptions. Barthes’ insights into the nature of travel and tourism provide us with a way of exploring the history of travel writing and the relationship between ideas of travelling and tourism. George Sandys’ Relation of a Journey begun An; Dom: 1610 (1615) can be read as a work that thinks about and values tourism, setting its author apart from his contemporary travel writers Thomas Coryat, William Lithgow and Fynes Moryson. While they concentrate on their own ability to understand and appropriate the value of other cultures for their readers, Sandys writes for a reader who might wish to follow in his footsteps and enjoy the experience of encountering other places. A strong case can be made that Sandys’ book is the ancestor of the late nineteenth-century guides that did so much to encourage European tourism, Baedeker and Cook.
Between Marginality and Marketability: Contesting Representations of Diasporic Pacific Identities
Authors: Fresno-Calleja Paloma
Published: May 2019

This article offers an analysis of recent works by New Zealand-born writers and artists of various Pacific descents. It focuses on their revision of popular and institutional representations of the diasporic Pacific community addressing the ambivalent tensions between the marginal and the marketable, which have dominated these representations in the last decades. On the one hand, these works condemn stereotypes of Pacific peoples as a burden to the New Zealand economy and a marginalised minority of inefficient, lazy or dependent people. On the other, they address more recent and complex representations of their culture as a marketable commodity and an exotic addition to New Zealand culture.
The search for Old English semantic primes: the case of HAPPEN
Authors: Mateo Mendaza Raquel
Published: May 2019

This journal article aims at contributing to the research line of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage Research Programme by identifying the Old English exponent for the semantic prime HAPPEN. This study applies four different criteria, namely, the morphological, textual, semantic and syntactic one, in order to select the most suitable candidate for prime exponent. The analysis is based on both lexicographical and textual sources. Conclusions are reached on both the descriptive and the methodological side.
Description, Evaluation and Stance: Exploring the Forms and Functions of Speech Descriptors in Early Modern English
Authors: Grund Peter J.
Published: May 2019

This article explores the form and function of “speech descriptors”. These features describe in some way what a speech event that is being represented was like, such as loudly in She said loudly that she was unhappy. Based on data from Early Modern English witness depositions, the study reveals that a number of aspects of represented speech can be described by speech descriptors and that such descriptors come in a number of linguistic forms. Prepositional phrases, adverbs, and adjective constructions are the most common forms, and speech descriptors can signal aspects of evaluation (e.g., angrily), clarification (e.g., meaning), and formulation hedging (e.g., or words to that effect), among other features. The article underscores the importance of further attention to these descriptors in order to gain a full understanding of the dynamics of speech representation in historical periods.
Introduction
Authors: Donovan Stephen , Driscoll Leonard
Published: May 2019

The short story came into its own during the era of high imperialism, and, with it, a new literary genre was born: the imperial short story. Across the world, writers such as Rudyard Kipling, Katherine Mansfield, Gertrude Page, and John Buchan scrambled to supply a readership eager for compact tales of colonial settlement, encounters, and adventure.
Love on the Veldt: Romance and Ideology in Gertrude Page’s ‘A Terror That Saved’ (1912)
Authors: Donovan Stephen
Published: May 2019

The following essay offers a close reading of an obscure imperial short story, Gertrude Page’s ‘A Terror That Saved’ (1912), in order to question the assumptions that short fiction about imperial adventure is necessarily masculine, and that short stories with empire settings are primarily vehicles for colonial ideology. When the story in question was written, its author had recently moved from Britain to Rhodesia, a colony whose owner-administrator, the British South Africa Company (BSAC), had strong financial and political incentives for promoting itself to settlers, investors, and the reading public in Britain. Even so, I argue, it would be a mistake to view this tale as being ‘about’ empire in any simple sense, to infer that its huge audience was actively endorsing imperialism, or to equate its generic conventionality and moral conservatism with a static, traditional, and collective worldview. Instead, I draw on Richard Ohmann’s landmark analysis of magazine short stories to sketch an alternative framework within which to understand the popularity of such short stories and to reconstruct the ways in which they were likely read, in particular by women.
Genre and change in the Corpus of History English Texts 1
Authors: Moskowich Isabel
Published: May 2019

This paper provides an overview of the Corpus of History English Texts, one of the component parts of the Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing (Moskowich and Crespo 2012), looking in particular at the communicative formats that it contains. Among the defining characteristics of the Coruña Corpus are that it is diachronic in nature, and that it can be considered either as a single- or multi-genre corpus, according to the theoretical tenets adopted (Kytö 2010; McEnery and Hardie 2013). The corpus has been designed as a tool for the study of language change in English scientific writing in general, and more specifically in the different scientific disciplines which have been sampled in each subcorpus. All the texts compiled were published between 1700 and 1900, thus offering a thorough view of late Modern English scientific discourse, a period often neglected in English historical studies (De Smet 2005). The analysis of this variety of English is also useful as a means of achieving a clear and detailed description of the origins of English as “the language of science”.
‘With, all down darkness wide, his wading light?’: Light and dark in Gerard Manley Hopkins’s ‘The Candle Indoors’ and ‘The Lantern out of Doors’
Authors: Leahy Richard
Published: May 2019

This article explores the symbolic values of light and darkness in the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Hopkins was fascinated by oppositional discourses and as such his poetry is resonant with dichotomous systems of metaphor; his struggles with faith and doubt, and his search for positivity in the midst of depression are both articulated through the oppositional concepts of light and dark. The candle functions uniquely within this metaphoric structure, as it breaches the bounds of darkness while still making it more ever-present. This article explores how Hopkins utilises the candle and its semiological expression to draw attention to the liminality of his beliefs.
Re-reading The Red Tree: The art of Shaun Tan
Authors: Sikorska Magdalena
Published: May 2019

This article re-reads The Red Tree by Shaun Tan in the light of literary and art criticism. Discussing Tan’s work as both thoroughly contemporary and richly dialogic with earlier epochs, it attempts to disentangle the clues of past and present interwoven into the powerfully resonant narrative. Not radically challenging the main interpretative lines, it offers alternatives to the widely accepted readings of this picturebook.
Tracking the transnational trickster: Gary Shteyngart and his protagonists
Authors: Bryla Martyna
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Gary Shteyngart’s protagonists in the light of his works, particularly his debut work, The Russian Debutante’s Handbook (2002) and his memoir, Little Failure (2014). Drawing on the trickster trope and the concept of cultural hybridity, I argue that Shteyngart’s doubly hyphenated characters act as digital-age trickster figures that move between the West and the East with dexterity and ease, exposing persistent mental patterns of othering within multicultural America, but also providing valuable insights into the process of constructing a sense of self on the threshold of several cultural backgrounds.
Sleeping together: Antiquarianism, anti-naturalism and Kate Colby’s narco-poetics
Authors: Guimarães João Paulo
Published: May 2019

In Beauport, American poet Kate Colby poses the question of whether the fictions that orient our daily lives are necessarily less real, natural and true than the more visceral, complex and historically subtle world supposedly revealed by experimental poetry. Colby provocatively revisits and re-evaluates the spheres of bourgeois domesticity, tourism and memorabilia, often dismissed in vanguardist circles for suggesting inauthenticity, ignorance and conservatism. Bric-à-brac’s death-like stasis soothes her sense of impotence and brings her closer to the sleep-walking commonfolk she classes herself with. Colby taps into the democratic potential of these objects whose stagnant beauty problematizes progressivist notions of recuperative and regenerative politics.
Egan, Thomas and Dirdal, Hildegunn (eds). 2017. Cross-linguistic Correspondences: From Lexis to Genre. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Studies in Language Companion Series 191. 295 pages.
Authors: Ädel Annelie
Published: May 2019

Egan, Thomas and Dirdal, Hildegunn (eds). 2017. Cross-linguistic Correspondences: From Lexis to Genre. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Studies in Language Companion Series 191. 295 pages.
Justified pride? Metaphors of the word pride in English language corpora, 1418–1991
Authors: Tissari Heli
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
Modal Verbs in New Zealand English Directives
Authors: Vine Bernadette
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
Disciplining Desire: the Fluid Textuality of Annie Proulx’s “Brokeback Mountain”
Authors: Isola Mark John
Published: May 2019

No abstract available.
La organización de las escuelas que acogen programas de un ordenador por niño y el papel de los estudiantes excluidos. Análisis de 5 casos en España
Authors: Freitas Cortina Ada , Boumadan Moussa , Paredes-Labra Joaquín
Published: May 2019

El propósito del estudio es analizar organizativamente los programas del modelo 1:1 de integración de computadores en las escuelas españolas y el papel que les asignan estos a los estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión y pobres. La metodología es cualitativa, basada en cinco casos desarrollados en otras tantas escuelas públicas en la zona central de España, con entrevistas, análisis de documentos y observación, donde participan profesores, padres y estudiantes. En los resultados se observa que hay una situación ambivalente del dispositivo organizativo de las escuelas para incluir a estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión y pobres dentro del modelo 1:1. Con las políticas puestas en práctica se ha derivado a las escuelas y, de éstas, a las familias la responsabilidad de hacer posible los programas del modelo 1:1. Si bien hay un nuevo vínculo entre familias y escuelas, fundamental para desarrollar una nueva metodología, en el trabajo organizativo de las escuelas no hay suficientes indicios de disposiciones especiales para hacer efectiva esta inclusión de los estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión, salvo cuando las metodologías que se articulan son abiertas.
Integración de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la región indígena tsotsil de los altos de Chiapas
Authors: Avendaño Porras Victor Del Carmen , Lara Ponce Estuardo
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de las actitudes ante el uso de las TIC como una disposición aprendida que involucra procesos cognitivos y elementos conductuales. Al respecto, se trata de analizar la reacción actitudinal que los docentes de la región indígena tsotsil de los Altos de Chiapas tienen ante la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los salones de clase del nivel básico. Se optó por un muestreo consecutivo que intentó incluir a todos los sujetos accesibles como parte de la muestra, en donde se tuvo acceso a un grupo de 137 profesores indígenas de la zona indigena tsotsil de los altos de Chiapas, sobre un total estimado de docentes en ese territorio de 1300. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos y descritos en esta investigación, se da muestra de que las actitudes que presentan los profesores de la región tsotsil, en general, son positivas hacia el uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación. Ello puede ser un factor que debe ser considerado en las políticas educativas con TIC que implemente el gobierno mexicano en la región.
El modelo 1:1 en la escuela: momento de oportunidades, riesgo de reproducción
Authors: Fraga-Varela Fernando , Alonso-Ferreiro Almudena
Published: May 2019

Casi una década después de la incorporación masiva de tecnología a la escuela a través de las políticas con modelos 1:1 en Galicia, España; y tras la supervivencia y perduración de estas iniciativas en la actualidad, el presente trabajo indaga acerca de sus efectos en la vida de los niños y niñas en situación de exclusión y sus familias. Para este propósito se toman tres casos de dos proyectos que cumplen la condición de exclusión sociocultural y económica. La investigación, de corte interpretativo, analiza tres estudios de caso con enfoque etnográfico a través de entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante. El corpus se trabajó mediante el método comparativo constante apoyado en el software de análisis cualitativo Atlas-ti 7. Se evidencia que las políticas 1:1 han olvidado contemplar el contexto familiar en su desarrollo, ello unido a su marcado cariz tecnológico supone que toda posibilidad, para el alumnado en situación de exclusión y sus familias, pasa por las oportunidades que le ofrezca la escuela para desarrollar su Competencia Digital. Sin embargo, tampoco este espacio parece estar preparado para reducir estas desigualdades, ofreciendo propuestas pedagógicas con tecnologías continuistas con la lógica del libro de texto.
Desigualdades digitales y el modelo 1 a 1 como solución. El caso de One Laptop Per Child Perú (2007-2012)
Authors: Rivoir Ana Laura
Published: May 2019

El concepto de brecha digital proviene inicialmente de la dicotomía de acceso o no acceso a las tecnologías digitales; incorporando después los distintos tipos de usos, la apropiación y los resultados sobre la vida de las personas; y, el desarrollo de competencias digitales para el aprovechamiento de estas tecnologías como fin del desarrollo individual y colectivo. Esta evolución ha ido transformando las políticas. El artículo analiza el caso de la implementación del One Laptop per Child Perú (2007-2012). Su aplicación, la concepción que lo fundamenta y cómo se adaptó la propuesta al contexto. Se sustenta por la información producida en una investigación realizada en 2015 y otros datos secundarios, documentos políticos, datos estadísticos y entrevistas a actores de estas políticas tanto a nivel central como de los centros educativos. Se concluye que, a pesar del apoyo político al más alto nivel y a la inversión realizada, factores como la debilidad institucional, la infraestructura tecnológica deficiente y la inadecuación de la tecnología al contexto son factores insalvables en términos de resultados. Se refutó la premisa del OLPC acerca del aprendizaje autónomo de los estudiantes para la apropiación de tecnología en beneficio de procesos de aprendizaje.
Gestão ambiental em instituições do ensino de graduação do Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Borges Aurélio , Cunha Silva Borges Maria dos Anjos , Soares Carvalho Diego , Fernandes Syryczyk Edilberto , Amaral Figueiredo Fernanda , Kocchan Coradini Neirimar Humberto
Published: May 2019

Práticas de gestão ambiental são meios pelos quais as organizações públicas podem aperfeiçoar o desempenho ambiental. Um comportamento eco eficiente aperfeiçoa o uso dos recursos ambientais e poupa a produção de resíduos, permitindo poupanças significativas. O desempenho ambiental evita o acréscimo de custos resultantes da aplicação do princípio poluidor-pagador. O objetivo da pesquisa é caracterizar índices de eficiência em gestão ambiental nos Institutos Federais de Educação do Brasil. Utilizou-se de variáveis sócio ambientais para a determinação dos indicadores de eficiência na gestão ambiental. A equação utilizada na pesquisa permite indicar que índices obtidos a partir de zero sugerem máxima ineficiência em gestão ambiental e indicador um sugere máxima eficiência na gestão ambiental. A equação possui as variáveis pi = pontuação atribuída à variável i; n = número total de i variáveis. Conclui-se que não há gestão ambiental que indiquem eficiência na gestão ambiental. Os índices das variáveis que caracterizam a existência de profissional que avalia questões ambientais, formação de servidores para a gestão ambiental, elaboração de relatórios de gestão ambiental, utilização de indicadores ambientais nos campi e da utilização de critério ambiental de sustentabilidade em compras públicas são índices percentuais que indicam a ineficiência em gestão ambiental executada em instituições de ensino, pesquisa e extensão tecnológica.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DURABILITY OF LOAD BEARING TIMBER-GLASS COMPOSITES UNDER THE EFFECTS OF ACCELERATED AGING
Authors: Buyuktaskin Halet Almila Arda , Yatagan Mehmet Serkan , Soyoz Gulseren Erol , Tanacan Leyla , Dilmaghani Morvarid
Published: May 2019

Although timber was used extensively as a structural material for traditional buildings in Turkey in the past, usage of structural timber decreased significantly over time and timber has been largely replaced by other materials. As timber is a natural, durable and sustainable material, it would be desirable to re-introduce timber structural elements to contemporary construction in a form that is appealing to industry. Timber-glass composite structural elements are potentially a good candidate for this purpose. To that end, a series of tests were conducted on load-bearing timber-glass composites in order to understand the long–term structural performance of the composite material under atmospheric conditions; to decrease the recurring cost of repair and maintenance; and to minimize the exhaustion of raw materials and energy. In this paper, the first part of this experimental work is presented, which focuses on the durability of timber-glass composite under the effects of accelerated aging, carried out on small-sized timber-glass composite specimens. Accelerated aging effects were observed under wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, UV effects, resistance to acids and high temperature. The mechanical strength of the timber-glass composite specimens before and after the effect of accelerated aging was measured by adhesion and shear strength tests and a comparative analysis of the results was carried out. The results of the experiments indicate that timber-glass composite is suitable to be used under protection from environmental conditions.
RISK MODEL FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Authors: Berghorn George H. , Syal Matt
Published: May 2019

Energy performance contracting provides guaranteed minimum energy savings to building owners, enabling them to finance project costs using utility savings over the duration of the project. This has been an attractive project delivery method for organizations with reduced budgets for capital projects, particularly among correctional facilities which frequently have lengthy periods of deferred maintenance and ongoing building operations and maintenance concerns. This research builds on a previously developed project factors risk framework for energy service companies undertaking building retrofits. This paper proposes a risk analysis and evaluation model that includes quantitative, expert-based, and probabilistically derived information. Expected cost was used to evaluate risks over lengthy project life cycles and a new metric was developed for use in the model—expected life cycle value. Model results reveal that the most critical risk factors relate to the reduced availability of “low-hanging fruit” energy conservation measures, work scopes based on traditional design-bid-build procurement, unavailable or inaccurate facility information, facility age and current code requirements, and conducting the investment grade audit too quickly. The life cycle cost-based risk model employed in this paper is proposed as an advancement over traditional risk management methods, and it is expected to be applicable, with modification, across other municipal and state government subdomains, especially high security projects.
The Human Factor
Authors: Platsis George
Published: May 2019

This article presents a cross spectrum of issues where the cyber domain is impacted by human decision making. Technical efforts and solutions are not enough. Therefore, until personal awareness of the cyber domain improves, we will be no closer to solving this great challenge of our time.
Using Crowd Sourcing to Analyze Consumers' Response to Privacy Policies of Online Social Network and Financial Institutions at Micro Level
Authors: Alduaij Shaikha , Chen Zhiyuan , Gangopadhyay Aryya
Published: May 2019

As it becomes easy and inexpensive to store huge amount of data, concerns about privacy are increasing as well. Although service providers have privacy policies, research shows that users rarely read privacy policies. As a result, there has been little work done on how consumers respond to individual segments of privacy policies, which is important for organizations when designing privacy policies. In this study, the authors break down privacy policies of two well-known social network companies (Facebook, Twitter) and financial institution (Bank of America) into simple segments. They then use crowd sourcing to analyze consumers' response to these policy segments. The authors ask questions on users' awareness, expectations, familiarity, and privacy concerns of these policy segments. The relationships between various factors such as demographic factors, data type, data flow and consumers' privacy concerns were also investigated. The authors conclude with guidelines and suggestions for improvement and ways to increase users' awareness of privacy policies.
Death by Hacking
Authors: Wang Penelope
Published: May 2019

Innovation and technological advancements have seen many devices and systems being linked up on to the Internet. Such devices and systems include personal medical devices like insulin pumps and pacemakers, cars, as well as critical infrastructure like power grids and traffic light systems. However, recent research by cyber security experts has revealed that these critical devices and systems are highly vulnerable to being hacked into and manipulated. Should such an attack be carried out successfully by bad actors, like violent extremists, this could result in physical injury or even death. Hence, this chapter aims to bring awareness on the kinetic cyber threat by highlighting various forms of kinetic cyber, and the vulnerabilities that make these devices and systems susceptible. In addition, this chapter introduces the motivations and characteristics of violent extremists who might engage in kinetic cyber, and ends off by proposing some recommended directions to counter this threat.
Biotechnology of Microbial Xylanase
Authors: Ho Hooi Ling
Published: May 2019

Xylanases are inducible enzymes responsible for the complete hydrolysis of xylan into xylose. Both solid state fermentation (SsF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) are used in the production of xylanase. SsF has become a popular approach due to its economic value. In fact, higher biomass and lower protein breakdown are among the factors involved in determining the production of xylanases in SsF. Agricultural extracts which are abundantly available in the environment such as rice bran and wheat bran are commonly used as the potential carbon source in xylanases production. Xylanase is indeed one of the valuable enzymes which show immense potential in vast industrial applications. The demand for xylanase is increasing because of its prodigious utilization in pulp and paper, bakery, food and beverage, detergents, textile, and animal feed. Xylanase has therefore become one of the important commercial enzymes in recent years.
Collaboration, Innovation, and Funding as Survival Factors for Canadian Biotechnology SMEs
Authors: Beaudry Catherine , Levasseur Joël
Published: May 2019

This chapter aims to determine the factors, such as collaboration, research and development, intellectual property, product management and financing, that influence the survival of biotechnology firms in Canada. The research uses data from four biannual surveys on the use and development of biotechnology collected by Statistics Canada between 1999 and 2005, and follows these firms in the official business register of the organisation up to 2009, to build a Cox proportional hazard model of firm survival. The research finds that firms that collaborate for exploration purposes have better chances of survival than others. Results also suggest that a larger number of patents decreases the probability of survival. Investigation of the product development process shows that because of the vast resources necessary for clinical research, firms enter the production and commercialisation stage in a weak position, which may then result in firm exit.
Study of the Process of Self-Ignition of Coniferous Wood Samples
Authors: Chumakova Olga Vyacheslavovna
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this work is to study the processes of spontaneous combustion of coniferous wood samples using a standard installation for determining the flammability classes of building materials "VSM", the study of the difference in the behavior of wood samples of different species under thermal action.
Haptoglobin Acts as a TLR4 Ligand to Suppress Osteoclastogenesis via the TLR4–IFN-β Axis
Authors: Kwon Jun-Oh , Jin Won Jong , Kim Bongjun , Ha Hyunil , Kim Hong-Hee , Lee Zang Hee
Published: May 2019

Haptoglobin (Hp), a type of acute-phase protein, is known to have a systemic anti-inflammatory function and to modulate inflammation by directly affecting immune cells, such as T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. However, the effects of Hp on osteoclast differentiation are not well studied, even though osteoclast precursor cells belong to a macrophage-monocyte lineage. In this study, we found that the bone volume was reduced, and the number of osteoclasts was increased in Hp-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, our in vitro studies showed that Hp inhibits osteoclastogenesis by reducing the protein level of c-Fos at the early phase of osteoclast differentiation. We revealed that Hp-induced suppression of c-Fos was mediated by increased IFN-β levels. Furthermore, Hp stimulated IFN-β via a TLR4-dependent mechanism. These results demonstrate that Hp plays a protective role against excessive osteoclastogenesis via the Hp–TLR4–IFN-β axis.
Microbiota Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids Facilitate Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of Cholera Toxin through GPR43
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Xiao Yi , Huang Xiangsheng , Chen Feidi , Sun Mingming , Bilotta Anthony J. , Xu Leiqi , Lu Yao , Yao Suxia , Zhao Qihong , Liu Zhanju , Cong Yingzi
Published: May 2019

The gut microbiota has been shown critical for mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin (CT), a potent mucosal adjuvant. However, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that depletion of gut bacteria significantly decreased mucosal and systemic Ab responses in mice orally immunized with OVA and CT. Feeding mice short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promoted Ab responses elicited by CT, and, more importantly, rescued Ab responses in antibiotic-treated mice. In addition, mice deficient in GPR43, a receptor for SCFAs, showed impaired adjuvant activity of CT. Administering CT did not promote SCFA production in the intestines; thus, SCFAs facilitated but did not directly mediate the adjuvant activity of CT. SCFAs promoted B cell Ab production by promoting dendritic cell production of BAFF and ALDH1a2, which induced B cell expression of IFN regulatory factor 4, Blimp1, and XBP1, the plasma B cell differentiation-related genes. Furthermore, when infected with Citrobacter rodentium, GPR43−/− mice exhibited decreased Ab responses and were more susceptible to infection, whereas the administration of SCFAs promoted intestinal Ab responses in wild-type mice. Our study thereby demonstrated a critical role of gut microbiota and their metabolite SCFAs in promoting mucosal adjuvant activity of CT through GPR43.
Obesity Reduces mTORC1 Activity in Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells, Driving Defective Metabolic and Functional Responses
Authors: O’Brien Aisling , Loftus Roisin M. , Pisarska Marta M. , Tobin Laura M. , Bergin Ronan , Wood Nicole A. W. , Foley Cathriona , Mat Arimin , Tinley Frances C. , Bannan Ciaran , Sommerville Gary , Veerapen Natacha , Besra Gurdyal S. , Sinclair Linda V. , Moynagh Paul N. , Lynch Lydia , Finlay David K. , O’Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E.
Published: May 2019

Obesity underpins the development of numerous chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes mellitus. It is well established that obesity negatively alters immune cell frequencies and functions. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells, which we have previously reported are dysregulated in obesity, with altered circulating and adipose tissue frequencies and a reduction in their IFN-γ production, which is a critical effector function of MAIT cells in host defense. Hence, there is increased urgency to characterize the key molecular mechanisms that drive MAIT cell effector functions and to identify those which are impaired in the obesity setting. In this study, we found that MAIT cells significantly upregulate their rates of glycolysis upon activation in an mTORC1-dependent manner, and this is essential for MAIT cell IFN-γ production. Furthermore, we show that mTORC1 activation is dependent on amino acid transport via SLC7A5. In obese patients, using RNA sequencing, Seahorse analysis, and a series of in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that MAIT cells isolated from obese adults display defective glycolytic metabolism, mTORC1 signaling, and SLC7A5 aa transport. Collectively, our data detail the intrinsic metabolic pathways controlling MAIT cell cytokine production and highlight mTORC1 as an important metabolic regulator that is impaired in obesity, leading to altered MAIT cell responses.
Transthoracic ultrasound versus intraoperative ultrasound in patients with pulmonary fibrosis: Reappraisal of artifacts
Authors: Sperandeo Marco , Gaudiuso Giulia , Quarato Carla Maria Irene , Del Colle Anna , Inglese Michele , Molinaro Francesca , De Cosmo Salvatore , Dimitri Lucia , Bizzarri Marco , Frongillo Elisabettamaria
Published: May 2019

In the last years, transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) has regained a growing interest from both clinicians and radiologists as a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool for the study of many pleuro-pulmonary conditions, including interstitial lung diseases. Intraoperative lung ultrasound (ILU) is an ultrasound technique, developed for lung surface assessment during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery procedures. It has been developed considering ultrasound basic physics principles for images generation and interpretation. Most of the TUS findings are due to the high difference in acoustic impedance between the chest-wall structures and the air in the lungs. In this brief communication, we compared ILU and TUS images in interstitial lung diseases. Most of the TUS artifacts-based diagnostic algorithms should be reappraised.