bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable-to-dynamic expansion of fault slipping area through fluid injection observed in laboratory experiments using a sub-meter scale specimen
Authors: Ito Takatoshi , Aoki Koji , Mukuhira Yusuke , Yabe Yasuo
Published: November 2024

In the field, locally applied fluid pressure can initiate fault slip, which may expand unstably over a wide area under certain conditions, generating elastic waves and inducing earthquakes. Therefore, examining the unstable expansion of the initial slip is important. However, reproducing this process in laboratory experiments, such as triaxial loading tests on small cylindrical specimens with inclined faults, is challenging. To achieve this, we prepared a sub-meter-scale cubic specimen, which was separated into two triangular prisms by a model fault. The specimen was subjected to biaxial compression of different magnitudes. A 2D array of strain gauges was embedded beneath the fault plane to measure the changes in shear strain with fault slip driven by fluid injection. Based on the experimental results, we discussed the features of the injection-induced fault slips that lead to earthquakes. The strain increased locally around the edge of the fault slipping area by approximately 10 με, which is equivalent to a shear stress of ~ 0.1 MPa. The fault slipping area first expanded gradually and then unstably beyond the fluid invasion area approximately 3 s after the slip was initiated. The unstable expansion of initial slips was suppressed by reducing the initial shear stress on the fault by 0.3 MPa. In this case, the initial shear stress was possibly too small for additional stress to accumulate at the edge of the fault-slipping area to overcome the static frictional strength of the fault. Our experimental study explicitly confirms that injection-induced aseismic slip can outpace the fluid migration front, finally leading up to a runaway rupture. It also confirms that the level of initial shear stress is important in controlling the rupture size under fluid injection.

Graphical Abstract
Exploring residential energy efficiency measures and distribution of renewable energy generation through sector interactions: a case study in Visby, Sweden
Authors: Amiri Shahnaz , Milić Vlatko
Published: November 2024

Increased use of cogeneration in district heating (DH) systems is important in the pursuit towards a low-carbon society, particularly in light of the ongoing electrification across multiple sectors. Apart from reducing CO2 emissions, cogeneration also contributes to additional income for the DH system owner. Nonetheless, it is important to be aware that the economic and environmental performance of DH systems are directly connected to the energy use within DH networks. This research investigates sector interactions associated with the introduction of a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) and residential energy renovation according to (life cycle cost) LCC optimum and Swedish energy targets, with a focus on CO2 emissions and the system cost of the energy utility company. The study object consists of a DH system in Visby, Sweden, and 920 historic residential building undergoing energy renovation. The results show a profitability of 905–915 MSEK for the DH system with the integration of a CHP. Global CO2 emissions decrease by 32.6–33.1 ktonnes/year, 9.0–9.2 ktonnes/year, and 19.9–20.1 ktonnes/year, for marginal coal-condensing power (limited biofuel), natural gas combined cycle power (limited biofuel), and European average production, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analyses confirm the benefits of cogeneration related to both economics and CO2 emissions based on changes in key parameters of the DH system.
Self-reported visual function and in-depth swept-source optical coherence tomography features of cystoid macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Costa Celso , Nogueira Carlos , Soares Mário , Simão Silvia , Melo Pedro , Silva Rufino , Murta Joaquim , Marques João Pedro
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate self-reported visual function in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with and without cystoid macular edema (CME) and to explore associations between cystoid spaces (CS), retinal morphometric parameters, and clinical data using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods

In this cross-sectional case-control study (1:3) conducted at an Inherited Retinal Degenerations referral center in Portugal, RP patients with and without CME (matched for age and gender) completed the Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ) and underwent SS-OCT. Morphometric analysis, including ellipsoid zone area (EZA), was performed by two independent graders. In the CME group, detailed CS analysis was conducted. Correlations between clinical data - age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) - and MRDQ domains were evaluated.

Results

The study included 23 RP patients with CME (60.87% male, mean age 44.65 ± 13.58 years) and 69 without CME (49.28% male, mean age 47.94 ± 14.39 years). No significant differences were found between groups in almost all MRDQ domains, BCVA, or EZA. Age positively correlated with 4 MRDQ domains in both groups. BCVA negatively correlated with nearly all MRDQ domains. While EZA showed a negative correlation in both groups, it was significant only in RP without CME. In the CME group, centrally located, outer nuclear layer-involving and large CS were associated with worse BCVA but better EZA.

Conclusion

MRDQ responses strongly correlated with clinical parameters. CME does not seem to affect self-reported visual function in RP patients, and CS may not worsen visual function. Thus, aggressive treatment of CME in RP may not be necessary.
Retinal and choroidal microvascular assessment of children receiving recombinant growth hormone therapy
Authors: Omar Ismail , Fadle Yousra Samir , El Bakry Noura M. Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

Background

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvascular state in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and determine the effect of recombinant human growth hormone treatment on these structures compared with healthy controls.

Methods

The study included children with IGHD under recombinant human GH treatment as group one and another group of healthy controls. Both groups were examined using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Data concerning superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC), and retinal thickness were recorded.

Results

The study included two equal groups of 30 individuals. Both groups had no statistically significant differences in age, gender, weight, or spherical equivalent. However, subjects of group II were taller than those of group I (p = 0.011). OCTA images of the SCP, DCP, and CC vessel density revealed statistically non-significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

Children receiving recombinant growth hormone therapy showed no changes in the retinal and choroidal microvasculature or macular thickness.

Trial registration number

1094/03/2024 by Minia University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Another registration number is UMIN000055654.
Soluble CD206 and CD163 as novel prognostic biomarkers in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Al-Matari Haifa A. , Mansour Anwar B. , Ibrahim Sherif Abdelaziz , Zaki Nadia El-Sayed , Badr Abeer Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite advances in chemotherapy, the prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients remains poor, with a 5-year survival rate below 25%. In the tumor microenvironment of AML, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are very important in the microenvironment of AML tumors because they help leukemic cells to survive, grow and migrate. They also play a key role in how the disease progresses. M2 macrophages highly express both CD206 (mannose receptor, C type I, and CD163 (hemoglobin scavenger receptor), a monocyte/macrophage receptor, as markers for M2 macrophages. Soluble CD206 (sCD206) and CD163 (sCD163) emerge as prognostic players for hematopoietic neoplasms. This study aimed to assess the prognostic potential of sCD206 and sCD163 as serological markers in AML. The study included 60 AML patients and 20 healthy volunteers as controls. The levels of serological markers sCD206 and sCD163 were measured by ELISA, and their prognostic values were evaluated.

Results

Serum levels of sCD206 and sCD163 were statistically significantly (P < 0.001) higher in AML cases than in controls. AML patients were categorized into two subgroups based on the response outcome to induction therapy: 36 patients (60%) had complete response (CR), and the other 24 patients (40%) had refractory disease. Interestingly, based on response outcome, serum levels of sCD206 and sCD163 as well as total leukocytic count (TLC), absolute neutrophils count (ANC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were significantly higher (all P < 0.001) in refractory group than in CR group. Further, a significant positive correlation of both sCD206 and sCD163 with TLC, ANC and ALC was observed (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Levels of sCD206 and sCD163 emerge as promising prognostic biomarkers for AML outcome and progression.
Minimization of algogenic organic matter from cyanobacteria-laden water by electrochemical oxidation: molecular degradation signature of disinfection by-products precursors by electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton
Authors: Aji Angga , Sidik Fahrudin , Lin Jr-Lin
Published: November 2024

Algogenic organic matter (AOM) generated from cyanobacteria-impacted reservoirs poses a significant risk to drinking water. This study aimed to investigate the molecular degradation signature of Microcystis aeruginosa (MA)-derived AOM by electrochemical oxidation and the corresponding disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP). Boron-doped diamond (BDD)-based electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-Fenton (EF) were implemented at pH 3 and 10 mA cm−2 within 1 h. The fluorophore of extracellular organic matter (EOM), the mixture of EOM and intracellular organic matter (IOM), were characterized, and their corresponding molecular weight (MW) were fractionated. The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation efficiency for BDD-EF treatment is superior and maintains DOC attenuation up to 84% for the EOM suspensions alone, while a low degradation efficiency occurs for IOM-EOM mixture. In contrast, BDD-EO exhibits a maximum DOC degradation around 66% for EOM suspensions alone, but DOC reduction is as low as 20% for IOM-EOM mixture. The H2O2 generated by BDD-EO preferentially degrades humic acid-like substances in EOM suspensions, whereas BDD-EF effectively degrades multiple fluorescent AOM by •OH. For IOM-EOM mixture, BDD-EO efficiently decomposes humics, but BDD-EF preferentially minimizes soluble microbial product-like and aromatic protein-like substances. Meanwhile, BDD-EF favors degrading biopolymers, humics, and low-MW substances, while BDD-EO merely degrades partial biopolymers and humic substances. After either EF or EO, specific DBPFP decreases as EOM presents alone where the toxicity of corresponding DBPs is mitigated effectively, instead the increased specific DBPFP appears for IOM-EOM mixture where the toxic potency ([DBP]/LC50) of corresponding DBPs increases. In summary, EO and EF are powerful in attenuating MA-derived DBP precursors of EOM in the absence of IOM, depending on the molecular signature.
Ischemic heart disease awareness in Egypt's aging population: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Rakab Mohamed Saad , Baklola Mohamed , Elsalakawi Basel Hatem , Zaki Moaz Mohamed , Elsaeidi Mohamed Elhusseini , Fouad Hossam , Walid Belal , Elbaz Abdelrahman , Emara Ali , Ghanem Abdelrahman Sherif , Radwan Nada Mohammed , Abdelmeguid Ahmed Reda , Alkalla Eman Elsayed , Shaheen Rehab Shaheen Bahram
Published: November 2024

Background

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of mortality among the elderly population, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Egypt, where public health infrastructure may struggle to meet the needs of a growing aging population. Awareness of the risk factors and warning signs associated with IHD is critical for early detection and intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and knowledge regarding IHD risk factors and warning signs among elderly individuals in Egypt, focusing on differences between urban and rural populations.

Results

Among 595 participants aged 60 years and above, only 18.7% demonstrated good knowledge of IHD risk factors, whereas 47.2% were categorized as having poor knowledge. In terms of warning signs, 7.2% exhibited good awareness, while 47.9% showed poor awareness. Overall, more than half (51.8%) of the participants were found to have poor knowledge of IHD, and just 15.1% had good overall awareness of both risk factors and warning signs. Urban participants exhibited significantly higher knowledge compared to rural participants (p < 0.05). Educational attainment was a strong predictor of knowledge, with participants holding postgraduate degrees scoring the highest. Economic status also influenced awareness, with those in the excellent category demonstrating significantly higher knowledge (p < 0.05). Occupation had a notable impact, with engineers exhibiting the highest levels of awareness and farmers the lowest. Gender, however, was not a significant factor, with males and females showing similar levels of awareness.

Conclusions

The study reveals a significant knowledge gap concerning IHD risk factors and warning signs among Egypt’s elderly population, particularly in rural areas and among individuals with lower levels of education and economic status. This gap underscores the need for targeted public health campaigns and interventions, particularly in rural regions, to raise awareness and reduce the burden of IHD among Egypt's elderly. Enhanced education and community-based programs could be effective in mitigating the risks associated with poor awareness of IHD.
Disentangling organizational agility from flexibility, adaptability, and versatility: a systematic review
Authors: Desalegn Eskedar Gizat , Guedes Maria João Coelho , Da Silva Gomes Jorge Filipe , Tebeka Shiferaw Mitiku
Published: November 2024

Organizational agility is the ability of an organization to swiftly and efficiently respond to changes in the organization’s environment. However, the literature demonstrates the interchangeability of agility, flexibility, adaptability, and versatility. Therefore, confusion and conceptual overlap persist. As a result, this study aimed to provide further conceptual clarity about organizational agility by synthesizing organizational agility, flexibility, adaptability, and versatility. A systematic review of 40 articles published in business and management-related journals between 1991 and 2022 in ABI/INFORMS, Since Direct, Emerald databases are employed. Findings from thematic analysis and content analysis using Leximancer text mining analysis show that versatility, adaptability, and flexibility are closely connected with their focus on coping with change in the business environment. However, agility is distinct due to its emphasis on organizational ability, capability, and changeability, as well as how it conceptualizes these attributes. This review contributes to developing organizational agility theory and practice by disentangling organizational agility from related concepts. Specifically, it contributes to scientific communication by referring to the same phenomena as organizational agility. Finally, the study concludes by highlighting future research directions.
Vonoprazan-amoxicillin combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Syed Saif , Zehra Fatima Tu , Zaman Maham , Karmani Vikash Kumar , Saleem Ayesha , Khalid Momina , Asim Syeda Nimrah , Izhar Sara , Suhagiya Gaurang Hasmukhbhai
Published: November 2024

Background

This umbrella review aims to synthesize evidence from previously conducted meta-analyses and review articles to assess the effects of vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) in the management of Helicobacter pylori (Hp).

Methods

While adhering to the PRIOR guidelines, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from the database inception to May 2024 to identify relevant articles. The outcomes of interest included eradication rate, compliance, and adverse events. The risk ratios for these outcomes were compared across the studies and a corrected covered area (CCA) assessment was performed to determine overlap. Each included review was assessed for its quality and rigor via the AMSTAR-2 tool.

Results

From 13,743 articles identified during the literature search, 4 meta-analyses were included. A significant overlap was noted across studies with a corrected cover area of 20.8%. VA dual therapy outperformed PPI-based therapies in eradication rates (RR: 1.14–1.15, p < 0.05), but showed no significant difference compared to vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin (VAC) triple therapy (RR: 0.95–0.97, p > 0.05). Compliance was significantly higher with VA dual therapy versus proton pump inhibitors (PPI)-based therapies (RR: 1.14, p = 0.004), but no significant difference was found between VA dual therapy and VAC therapy. Adverse events were reported inconsistently: one review found a higher likelihood with VA dual therapy versus PPI-based therapies (RR: 1.14, p = 0.0004), while others reported lower risk (RR: 0.59–0.80). VA dual therapy has not shown significant adverse events versus VAC therapy.

Conclusion

VA dual therapy presents as a promising alternative to PPI-based therapies, showcasing better eradication rates and higher compliance. Its performance is comparable to VAC triple therapy, indicating its potential as an effective treatment option for certain conditions.
A Community-Based, Culturally Engaging STEM Learning Environment and Its Impact on Students’ Psychosocial Attributes at a Rural Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI)
Authors: Abrica Elvira J. , Hatch-Tocaimaza Deryl , Corey-Rivas Sarah , Garcia Justine , Dixit Aalap
Published: November 2024

Qualitative study examined development of psychosocial attributes- sense of belonging, science identity, and self-efficacy- among first-year life science undergraduate students who participated in integrated and culturally engaging research activities at a rural Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI).
The Role of Sleep Apnea in Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Among Older Noncardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Devinney Michael J. , Spector Andrew R. , Wright Mary C. , Thomas Jake , Avasarala Pallavi , Moretti Eugene W. , Dominguez Jennifer E. , Smith Patrick J. , Whitson Heather E. , Veasey Sigrid C. , Mathew Joseph P. , Berger Miles ,   and the INTUIT Study Investigators
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk, yet its role in postoperative neurocognitive disorders is unclear. Here, we studied whether the severity of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the severity of postoperative neurocognitive disorder.

METHODS:

In this single-center prospective cohort study, older noncardiac surgery patients aged 60 years and above underwent preoperative home sleep apnea testing, and pre- and postoperative delirium assessments and cognitive testing. Sleep apnea severity was determined using the measured respiratory event index (REI). Global cognitive change from before to 6 weeks (and 1 year) after surgery was used to measure postoperative neurocognitive disorder severity. Postoperative changes in individual cognitive domain performance along with subjective cognitive complaints and/or deficits in instrumental activities of daily living were used to measure postoperative neurocognitive disorder incidence.

RESULTS:

Of 96 subjects who completed home sleep apnea testing, 58 tested positive for sleep apnea. In univariable analyses, sleep apnea severity was not associated with increased postoperative neurocognitive disorder severity at 6 weeks (global cognitive change

; [95% confidence interval [CI], −0.02 to 0.03]; P = .79) or 1-year after surgery (

; [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.03]; P = .70). Adjusting for age, sex, baseline cognition, and surgery duration, sleep apnea severity remained not associated with increased postoperative neurocognitive disorder severity at 6 weeks (

; [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.04]; P = .40) or 1-year after surgery (

; [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.04]; P = .55). In a multivariable analysis, sleep apnea severity was not associated with postoperative neurocognitive disorder (either mild or major) incidence at 6 weeks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, [95% CI, 0.59–1.14]; P = .45) or 1-year postoperatively (OR = 1.01, [95% CI, 0.81–1.24]; P = .90). Sleep apnea severity was also not associated with postoperative delirium in univariable analyses (delirium incidence OR = 0.88, [95% CI, 0.59–1.10]; P = .37; delirium severity

; [95% CI, −0.02 to 0.03]; P = .79) or in multivariable analyses (delirium incidence OR = 1.07, [95% CI, 0.81–1.38]; P = .74; delirium severity OR = 0.95, [95% CI, 0.81–1.10]; P = .48).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this older noncardiac surgery cohort, untreated sleep apnea was not associated with increased incidence or severity of postoperative neurocognitive disorder or delirium.
Practice Advisory on the Implementation of Preoperative Anemia Management: The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management
Authors: Klompas Allan M. , Hensley Nadia B. , Burt Jennifer M. , Grant Michael C. , Guinn Nicole R. , Patel Prakash A. , Popescu Wanda M. , Raphael Jacob , Salenger Rawn , Shore-Lesserson Linda , Warner Matthew A.
Published: November 2024

Preoperative anemia is common and associated with worse outcomes in cardiac surgery including acute kidney injury, red blood cell transfusion, cardiovascular complications, stroke, infection, and death. Patient blood management programs, which include dedicated clinical programs to diagnose and treat anemia in advance of surgery (ie, preoperative anemia programs), have been highlighted as a means to optimize the blood health of each patient, thereby decreasing risk for allogeneic transfusion and improving clinical outcomes. However, there remain implementation challenges for preoperative anemia programs, including difficulties with education of patients and staff, short lead times to address anemia, infrastructure and staffing limitations, lack of clear leadership or ownership of preoperative anemia, the need to develop treatment algorithms and ensure appropriate infusion therapy support, lack of capital support, and insurance/reimbursement concerns, amongst others. The purpose of this advisory from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) Clinical Practice Improvement Committee and the Subcommittee on Patient Blood Management with endorsement from the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management (SABM) is to provide guidance on the development and implementation of a preoperative anemia clinic or service line, including identification and navigation through potential logistical barriers. A detailed analysis of financial incentives is highlighted in our companion article in this edition focuses on the return on investment of anemia management. Although originating with a focus on anemia before cardiac surgery, this advisory is broadly applicable to all perioperative patients.
Coming Out in the Parish Hall
Authors: White Heather R.
Published: November 2024

This essay recovers the history of the church that served as New York City’s first gay community center. The parish hall of the Church of the Holy Apostles, an Episcopal congregation located in the Manhattan neighborhood of Chelsea, supplied meeting space for gay and lesbian organizations in the late 1960s and early 1970s, during the movement growth that followed the Stonewall riots of June 1969. This moment’s rise of gay radicalism has been framed as quintessentially secular—fueled by antiestablishment protest and by leading activists’ rejection of religion. This article recontextualizes this secular political emergence by situating it in a parish hall—a nonreligious space by church definition and a religious space by gay activist definition. The aim is not to refute post-Stonewall organizers’ deliberate secularism but to question the notion that religion was absent in this development. To rephrase a well-worn metaphor: religion was not only “in the room” of these activist meetings; religion was the room. Taking a closer look at the parish hall concretizes the shaping influence of American Protestantism on the secular—in this instance, as the very walls, floors, windows, and doorways of the rooms that facilitated queer identity pride.
AMPK associates with and causes fragmentation of the Golgi by phosphorylating the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1
Authors: Freemantle Jordana B. , Towler Mhairi C. , Hudson Emma R. , Macartney Thomas , Zwirek Monika , Liu David J. K. , Pan David A. , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan , Hardie D. Grahame
Published: November 2024

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that regulates cellular functions in response to changes in energy availability. However, whether AMPK activity is spatially regulated, and the implications for cell function, have been unclear. We now report that AMPK associates with the Golgi, and that its activation by two specific pharmacological activators leads to Golgi fragmentation similar to that caused by the antibiotic Golgicide A, an inhibitor of Golgi-specific Brefeldin A resistance factor-1 (GBF1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that targets ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1). Golgi fragmentation in response to AMPK activators is lost in cells carrying gene knockouts of AMPK-α subunits. AMPK has been previously reported to phosphorylate GBF1 at residue Thr1337, and its activation causes phosphorylation at that residue. Importantly, Golgi disassembly upon AMPK activation is blocked in cells expressing a non-phosphorylatable GBF1-T1337A mutant generated by gene editing. Furthermore, the trafficking of a plasma membrane-targeted protein through the Golgi complex is delayed by AMPK activation. Our findings provide a mechanism to link AMPK activation during cellular energy stress to downregulation of protein trafficking involving the Golgi.
Effects of 24-Hour Diet- or Exercise-Induced Energy Availability Manipulations on Substrate Utilization and Performance
Authors: Smith Ella S. , Kuikman Megan , Weakley Jonathon , Tee Nicolin , McCormick Rachel , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Stellingwerff Trent , Harris Rachel , McKay Alannah K. A. , Burke Louise M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To examine sex-based differences in substrate oxidation, postprandial metabolism, and performance in response to 24-hour manipulations in energy availability (EA), induced by manipulations to energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE).

Methods

In a Latin Square design, 20 endurance athletes (10 females using monophasic oral contraceptives and 10 males) undertook five trials, each comprising three consecutive days. Day one was a standardized period of high EA; EA was then manipulated on day two; post-intervention testing occurred on day three. Day two EA was low/high/higher EA (LEA/HEA/GEA) at 15/45/75 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1, with conditions of LEA and HEA separately achieved by manipulations of either EI or EEE (LEA REST/EX vs. HEAREST/EX). On day three, fasted peak fat oxidation during cycling and two-hour postprandial (high carbohydrate and energy meal) metabolism were assessed, alongside several performance tests: Wingate, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and the Stroop Color and Word Test.

Results

Highest peak fat oxidation occurred under LEA induced by exercise (p < 0.01), with no difference between sexes. Postprandial glucose (p < 0.01) and insulin (p < 0.05) responses were highest across both sexes when LEA was induced by diet. Relative peak and mean power throughout the Wingate, alongside CMJ height did not differ between EA conditions (p > 0.05), while SJ height was lower during GEA than both LEAREST (p = 0.045) and HEAEX (p = 0.016). IMTP peak force and the Stroop effect did not change with altered EA (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Acute (24-hour) exercise-induced LEA influenced fasted substrate oxidation more than diet-induced LEA, while 24 hours of LEA did not impair strength/power, sprint capacity, or cognitive performance. Finally, the responses to EA manipulations did not differ between sexes.
Effects of non-contact electric fields on kidney and liver histology in tumour-induced rats
Authors: Alamsyah Firman , Firdausi Nisrina , Nugraheni Subekti Evi Dwi , Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Ghitha , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Taruno Warsito Purwo
Published: November 2024

Background A novel modality of cancer treatment based on exposure to non-contact electric fields has been developed to reduce cancer incidence. However, the safety of the electric field exposure was not fully investigated. Therefore, This study aimed to observe the safety of electric field exposure on kidney and liver structures. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into one control group and three treatment groups. Animals were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumour induction and exposed to non-contact electric fields individually for 10 hours a day for three weeks. Fresh samples of the kidney and liver were collected for observation of structural damage in both organs. Both organs were prepared for histopathological cross-sectioning using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining followed by histological scoring using the post-examination masking method. Results Damages found in the kidney were as follows: thickening of the Bowman capsule, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, cloudy swelling, epithelial sloughing, inflammation, haemorrhage, and congestion. In addition, the number of inflammation and haemorrhage in the kidney structure of healthy rats that were exposed to electric fields was significantly lower than that in the control group. All damages to the kidneys were also found in the liver, but each showed a different degree of damage. Exposure to this electric field can cause haemorrhagic damage to the livers of healthy rats, but not to rats with breast cancer. Conclusions Exposure to non-contact electric fields can cause haemorrhagic damage to the livers of healthy rats, however, in other liver tissues and the kidneys, exposure to this electric field was safe. It can even decrease the number of inflammations and haemorrhages in the kidneys.
Household resilience of women migrant worker sellers of Jamu Gendong
Authors: Diniyati Dian , Widiyanto Ary , Sanudin Sanudin , Fauziyah Eva , Achmad Budiman , Suhaendah Endah , Hani Aditya , Muhtar Muhtar , Danarti Danarti , Widyaningsih Tri Sulistyati , Winara Aji , Najiyati Sri , Dewi Rukmini Nugroho
Published: November 2024

Background The selling of Jamu Gendong (an Indonesian traditional herbal medicine), is closely associated with the informal work of women who migrate to different regions. In Sukoharjo Regency and Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, the pressing need to meet household necessities in their places of origin compels women to assume the role of breadwinners. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the livelihood capital and resilience of migrant women selling jamu gendong. Methods The study was conducted in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, in November 2022, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The sample comprised 51 women selected through snowball sampling and actively involved in selling Jamu Gendong, along with six key individuals from relevant agencies. Results The research findings indicate that the households of migrant women who sell jamu gendong can survive and adapt during their migration to prevent poverty by implementing diverse livelihood strategies. They are the only ones who move without their family members renting a place to live with them. This research has identified various capital sources, including productive age and skills in preparing jamu gendong; physical capital, including road infrastructure, markets, and access to health and education facilities; and natural, social, and financial capital. This research provides an in-depth understanding of women’s roles in family economic resilience, diversification of life strategies, the importance of social capital in migrant networks, economic empowerment through migration, and the influence of cultural values on livelihood strategies. Conclusions The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the resilience demonstrated by migrant women selling jamu gendong. However, further research should be conducted in areas beyond the city center to obtain a holistic view of their resilience.
Evaluation of desert encroachment and atmospheric warming southwards of Nigeria
Authors: Okon Dr. Michael Akaninyene
Published: November 2024

Nigeria is located south of the Sahara and is confronted with rapid desertification, with severe impacts in northern Nigeria with signs of desert encroachment and atmospheric warming southward of Nigeria. Therefore, this study assessed the rate of desert encroachment and atmospheric warming southwards in Nigeria. The climate of Imo State was studied using Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET)data. The climatic variables studied were annual rainfall, maximum and minimum annual temperatures. The mean temperature was computed from the temperature data. Data from the 30-year period from 1987 to 2016 were used. The annual rainfall and temperature data were divided into three decades, from 1987 to 1996, 1997 to 2006, and 2007 to 2016, to study the variation in decades. Mean monthly variations were also studied. Land features were also assessed. Desert encroachment was assessed in the study area using the criteria for the evaluation of desertification status proposed by the FAO/UNEP (1984). The results revealed that annual rainfall in Owerri was highest in the first decade, with a mean of 2,526.2 mm and the lowest in the third decade, with a mean of 2,278.66 mm. This shows a drop in annual rainfall as the years progressed. The results also reveal that the annual rainfall totals in Imo State are reducing by 13.50 mm annually, indicating desert encroachment as evidenced in loss of vegetation and erosion menace. According to the FAO/UNEP (1984) rating of desertification, desert encroachment in the study area is rated as ‘moderate.’ The maximum temperature shows a mean of 32 °C for the first decade, 32.5 °C for the second decade, and 32.5 °C for the third decade. The mean annual temperature of Owerri was found to increase by 0.02 ° °C per annum. This shows the atmospheric warming of Imo State.
Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Service Quality in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tilahun , Samuel Tewodros , Yosef Selamyhun Tadesse , Meikena Henok Kumsa , Mislu Esuyawukal , Addisu Amanuel , Arage Mulugeta
Published: November 2024

Background The provision of effective musculoskeletal physiotherapy and treatment outcomes are challenged by the shortage of resources, limitations in adherence to clinical guidelines, and client unacceptability. This study aims to evaluate the process quality of musculoskeletal physiotherapy service in the physiotherapy department of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2020. Method This is a health facility-based single-embedded case study design that involves both quantitative and qualitative methods to describe the service using a three dimensions assessment for quality service evaluation (compliance of the unit, technical compliance, and service acceptability). The quantitative data was collected through document review and observation of the musculoskeletal physiotherapy unit, direct observations of 20 client-physiotherapist interactions, and chart review on systematically selected 172 client charts. For qualitative data; in-depth interviews with five Key informants and 21 clients were conducted. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS v.25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done and data were presented using frequency and percentage. The calculated outputs were used to judge the overall service against the predetermined criteria (i.e. Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor). Results The compliance of the musculoskeletal physiotherapy unit, service providers’ technical compliance, and service acceptability by the users were judged poor (56.1%), fair (60.1%), and good (73.1%) respectively. The compliance of physiotherapists in recording patient information was concerningly poor (30.2%). The majority of clients were satisfied with the service and adhered to their treatment. Conclusion & recommendation The overall service process quality of physiotherapy service was judged as fair (62.55%). However, the assessed dimensions were not as per the expected standard. Therefore, the relevant stakeholders are recommended to improve the service provision gaps.
Consumer responses and determinants in geographical indications agricultural product consumption: A ten-year systematic review
Authors: Tan Ailin , Hashim Sharizal Bin , Zuo Jiaqi , Cheng Jianyu
Published: November 2024

This article explores the determinants of the consumption of geographical indication agricultural products through a ten-year systematic review. In recent years, the demand for healthier and safer products from consumers has been continuously increasing owing to the influence of the geographical indication of agricultural products. Geographical indication products, a type of label that associates food with specific regions, occupy a certain position in the global food market. This article aims to answer research questions about the determinants of the consumption of geographical indication agricultural products and provide a comparative analysis of five literature reviews related to this topic. We collected and processed relevant research data through a systematic literature review and provided transparent, complete, and accurate explanations using the PRISMA criterion. The research results reveal the consumer response to the geographical indication of agricultural products and the determining factors of different responses. The research in this article is of great significance for understanding the consumption trends and important information of geographical indication of agricultural products, helping enterprises better understand consumer behavior, and improving the income of farmers, producers, and enterprises.
Numerical model of aluminothermic reduction vessel preheating and charge heating with graphite heating rods
Authors: Semenov Sergey , Namy Patrick , Kale Aditya , Tsebe Sello
Published: November 2024

Background The present work is conducted in the framework of the SisAl Pilot EU project, which aims to optimize silicon production in Europe by recycling materials and using carbon-emission-friendly technology. Silicon production experiments were conducted on laboratory and pilot scales in different types of furnaces, including reduction vessels used as chemical reactors for molten slag-metal mixtures. In addition to experimental work, process optimization also relies on numerical modelling. Methods In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics® was used for numerical testing of new thermal and electrical designs of a reduction vessel by simulating its preheating and charge heating with three graphite heating rods powered by a three-phase alternating current transformer. A one-heating-rod design is also tested. Results and conclusions The model predicts that available electrical equipment is sufficient for preheating the empty reduction vessel up to 1600°C in less than 4 h. Owing to the model, the geometry of the heating rod was optimized to maintain its temperature below 2500°C. However, it was found that a modification of the electrical equipment would be required to heat the vessel charge with the heating rods submerged into it.
CONSTRUCTING THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: XIA LIN
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the constructive logic of strategic partnership from the perspective of four national identities proposed by Winter and to identify the endogenous dynamics of continuous modernization and development of the Sino-Russian strategic partnership. The author chose content analysis and case study as the method. Having summarized the results of modern studies of strategic partnership, the author noted that at present, a theoretical turn has been outlined in the studies of strategic partnership. Using the example of the development of the Sino-Russian strategic partnership, the author outlined the history of its development and points out the dilemmas and shortcomings that Sino-Russian relations face in specific cooperation. As a result, the following conclusions were made: 1. Among the factors influencing international politics and international relations, culture, interaction and identity have a deeper impact on international relations. 2. Constructivism proposes four types of national identity: individual or group identity, type identity, role identity and collective identity. Based on these four types of identity, China and Russia constantly update their self-perceptions in the process of long-term interaction and at the same time promote the deepening of mutual understandings in the course of cooperation. 3. The four factors of homogeneity, interdependence, common destiny and self-restraint ultimately contributed to the formation of the collective identity of the Russian-Chinese strategic partnership. The practical significance of the work is that as a model for managing relations, strategic partnership offers a new perspective on interstate interaction. Thanks to the collective identity of the strategic partnership, Russia and China flexibly respond to crises and challenges. Cooperation between the two countries in the fields of energy, currency, transportation of goods and security is constantly reorganized and reconstructed to counter the tough policies of the United States.
TIBIAL OSTEOMYELITIS REQUIRING RECONSTRUCTION WITH A FREE FLAP: A SINGLE-CENTRE REVIEW OF OUTCOMES
Authors: Valand Poonam , Hotchen Andrew , Frank Florian , McNally Martin , Ramsden Alex
Published: November 2024

Aim

To report outcomes of soft tissue reconstruction using free tissue transfer for the treatment of tibial osteomyelitis as part of a single-stage, ortho-plastic procedure.

Method

Patients who underwent ortho-plastic reconstructive surgery to excise tibial osteomyelitis in combination with free tissue transfer in one stage were included. Patients underwent surgery between 2015 and 2024 in a single specialist centre within the UK. Baseline patient information, demographics, and infection information was recorded. Adverse outcomes were defined as (i) flap salvage required, (ii) flap failure and (iii) recurrence of infection. Patient reported quality of life was measured using the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L index score. Pre-operative QoL was compared to QoL at 1 year with a control group of 53 similar patients who underwent surgical treatment for tibial osteomyelitis without a free flap (local flap or primary closure).

Results

Ninety-three patients were eligible for inclusion, with a mean age of 52 years (range 18–90). 77/93 (82.8%) had a free muscle flap with the remainder (17.2%) receiving a fasciocutaneous flap. The donor tissue was defined as 57 gracilis, 6 latissimus dorsi, 14 hemi-latissimus dorsi, and 16 anterolateral thigh. The recipient area of the tibia was distal 1/3 in 52 cases, middle 1/3 in 27 cases and proximal 1/3 in 12 cases. The average flap ischaemic time was 70 minutes (range 28 to 125).

Seven patients (7.5%) required urgent flap salvage at a median time of 1.0 day (range 0.5 – 4.0). Of these, 4 (4.3%) went on to have total flap failure, of which 2 patients underwent below knee amputation subsequently. Flap failure was due to either arterial (n=2) or venous (n=2) anastomotic thrombus. There were 3 (3.2%) episodes of confirmed infection recurrence within the first year after the index procedure.

EQ-index scores at 1-year post-operatively were significantly improved when compared to pre-operative scores (p=0.008). At 1-year post-operatively, EQ-index scores in patients who underwent free flap was similar compared to local flaps (p=0.410) and in those who underwent primary closure for tibial osteomyelitis (p=0.070).

Conclusions

Microsurgical single stage surgery can achieve high flap survival rate (95.7%). Free flaps fail early due to anastomotic thrombus with no late failures seen. Free tissue transfer does not appear to give inferior QoL compared to matched patients with local flaps or direct closure in tibial osteomyelitis.
GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTIONS CAUSED BY CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES
Authors: Liew-Littorin Clara , Davidsson Sabina , Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Åsa , Brueggemann Holger , Söderquist Bo
Published: November 2024

Aim

Cutibacterium acnes is a major skin commensal that may also act as an opportunistic pathogen. Findings of C. acnes in tissue cultures obtained during arthroplasty revision surgery are difficult to interpret, since they may represent true infection or contamination. This study investigated whether C. acnes isolates obtained from prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) were related and shared common genomic traits that might correlate with clinical courses and patient outcomes.

Method

C. acnes isolates from revision surgery of patients with PJIs of the hip, shoulder, and knee were characterized using molecular methods to determine sequence type (ST) and the presence of virulence determinants (CAMP factors, dermatan sulfate-binding adhesion 1, hyaluronidase lyase, and linear plasmid). A standardized review of the patients’ medical charts was performed.

Results

The study included 37 patients with C. acnes culture-positive tissue samples where multiple isolates of C. acnes belonged to the same ST. Most of the isolates belonged to phylotype IA1. Phylogenetic analysis of virulence determinants revealed no shared pattern among PJI isolates. Seven patients had a polymicrobial infection. Exchange revision was performed in 70% of the patients, and >50% of all patients received antibiotic treatment for ≥3 months. Failure was noted in seven patients, all of whom had shoulder PJIs.

Conclusions

No specific ST or any identifiable unique feature among virulence determinants were found among C. acnes isolated from PJIs of hips and shoulders. The majority of all included patients had low inflammatory markers and were treated successfully, even when the infection consisted of a polymicrobial infection.