bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FSI-Simulation of Liquid Supported Stretch Blow Molding (LBO): Model Validation and Study of Series Production Scenario
Authors: Zimmer Johannes , Stommel Markus
Published: May 2014

Liquid-Driven Stretch Blow Molding is a new and innovative method to produce PET bottles [. In the well-established Stretch Blow Molding (SBM) process, preforms are biaxially deformed by pressurized air into a cavity. The resulting bottles are transferred to a separate machine, where the desired product is filled in. In contrast to that, Liquid-Driven Stretch Blow Molding is characterized by employing the liquid product to deform the material. The former separated blowing and filling steps are thus combined to a single forming stage leading to numerous advantages in energy consumption, cycle time and machine footprint. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the new process is presented. An additional challenge compared to SBM simulations is thereby the consideration of the interaction between liquid and preform. The load application cannot be solely represented by the pressure because the influx behavior as well as gravity and inertia forces influence the preform deformation. A smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach is applied to the simulation to incorporate the additional effects. The process model is evaluated by prototype experiments. In addition, a feasibility study shows the applicability of a rotary forming system to the new process.
Basic Knowledge Models for the Processing of Bread as a Solid Foam
Authors: della Valle Guy , Chiron Hubert , Cicerelli Lucio , Kansou Kamal , Katina Kati , Ndiaye Amadou , Whitworth Martin , Poutanen Kaisa
Published: May 2014

The breadmaking process can be defined by the succession of operations with operating conditions as input variables and dough properties as output ones, any output variable at step i being an input at step i+1. In this paper, we strive to show how the main properties of bread, density, porosity and alveolar structure (crumb), can be predicted from basic knowledge models (BKMs). So we have defined the variables of breadmaking, proposed BKMs for the two first operations, mixing and proofing, and underlined the needs to define them for shaping and baking, after a short review of existing models. The specific energy delivered during mixing is determined by a simple balance equation in order to predict gluten structuration and dough viscosity, the main output of mixing operation. Then an analysis of dough proofing at different structural scales, by rheology and imaging, allows to assess its alveolar structure, and to fit the kinetics of porosity and stability by phenomenological models. Finally we show how these BKMs could be integrated in order to help the design of baked products with target properties.
Resins Materials as Alternative Insert for the Fabrication of Micro Structured Surfaces by Micro Injection Moulding
Authors: Sorgato Marco , della Giustina Gioia , Zanchetta Erika , Brusatin Giovanna , Lucchetta Giovanni
Published: May 2014

Micro injection moulding is a key technology for mass-production of micro structured surfaces, such as optical and microfluidic devices. The manufacturing of a microstructured master mould with traditional technologies poses challenges about durability, accuracy and high - volume production. This paper introduces a new approach to realize micro mould inserts in a fast and economical way. Suitable engineered materials as alternative inserts to the metallic one are proposed exploiting the following new strategy: a thermosetting epoxy resin from renewable sources was synthesized and used to realize the mould insert via casting. The initial low viscosity of the liquid epoxy resin precursors allows the achievement of a high fidelity replica of different micro structures and provides an inexpensive and convenient route for rapidly duplicate master mould. A staggered harringbone (SHM) micro-mixer geometry was replicated and the epoxy based resin insert withstood 900 moulding cycles showing good features replication and durability.
Analysis of Polymer Crystallization with a Multiscale Modeling Approach
Authors: Spina Roberto , Spekowius Marcel , Hopmann Christian
Published: May 2014

The main objective of the presented work is to describe the crystallization kinetics of semi-crystalline thermoplastics with a multiscale model implemented into the COMSOL software and the in-house developed code SphäroSim. The filling and cooling simulations, implemented by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer (HT) modules of COMSOL, require the simultaneous solution of non-Newtonian multi-phase flow (polymer/air) and thermal fields in non-isothermal condition and transient regime. The simulation results are collected, converted into the OpenSource file format VTK (Visualization Toolkit) and transferred to the SphäroSim code after a matching operation with the COMSOL mesh. The SphäroSim code uses COMSOL results as input data to compute crystallization kinetics, using the COMSOL data as boundary conditions in the microstructure simulation. This allows the time resolved calculation of the crystallization process and a prediction of the final microstructure in the part which can be used in further simulations such as a structural analysis. The analytical parameters needed to connect crystallization kinetics with molecular material properties and applying the analytical scheme to the numerical simulation during filling and cooling in an injection moulding process are identified.
Development of Metal Hollow Sphere Sandwich Construction and its Formability and Mechanical Property
Authors: Yoshida Yoshinori , Shibata Masahiro
Published: May 2014

In this paper, a new light weight construction is developed. The steel hollow sphere (MHS) sheet is sandwiched between two pure aluminum plates and the mechanical properties of the construction are investigated by means of compression test, bending test and stab-resistant test. As the results, the advanced specific stab-resistant strength and the plateau compression behaviour are found. In addition the damage progress inside of the construction is observed using a CCD camera. The fracture condition of the sandwiched MHS are compared with that of a conventional foam metal sandwich construction. The formability of the plate and energy absorption property are measured and the optimal construction condition is discussed.
Increased Productivity in Hot Aluminum Extrusion by Using Extrusion Dies with Inner Cooling Channels Manufactured by Rapid Tooling
Authors: Hölker Ramona , Haase Matthias , Ben Khalifa Nooman , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: May 2014

The influence of local inner die cooling on the heat balance in hot aluminum extrusion was investigated. For the manufacturing of the die with cooling channels close to the forming zone, the layer-laminated manufacturing method was applied. The new tooling technology was applied in order to decrease the profiles exit temperature and to avoid thermally induced surface defects with the aim to raise the productivity in hot aluminum extrusion processes. Numerical and experimental investigations revealed that, while maintaining the exit temperature of the extrudate, a distinct increase of the production speed up to 300% can be realized, while the extrusion force increases only slightly. An effect on the profiles microstructure was also detected. By applying die cooling, grain coarsening can be significantly limited or even be avoided.
Use of FEM and DoE to Reduce the Forming Force during Cold Extrusion of Prismatic Cell Housings
Authors: Austen Michael , Noneder Johannes , Merklein Marion
Published: May 2014

These days, the call for more efficient cars, e.g. EURO 6, to reduce substantial the emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide raises the demand and development for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). Thus, the German Government in cooperation with the industry has the goal to get at least 6 million electric vehicles on German streets by the year 2030. Until today battery systems increase the cars weight significantly, therefore weight reduction and utilization of the required space are two of the most important strategies. Because of its low density and high formability aluminum is preferred as cell housing material. Besides a light material it is necessary to use the required space of the battery pack in the car as efficient as possible. Thus a prismatic shape is favored compared to a cylindrical one. Unfortunately a prismatic cell causes an asymmetric material flow and an asymmetric tool loading during the production via bulk metal forming as the material tends to flow into the direction of the larger edges of the housing walls. That is why new forming tools for bulk forming have to be developed. To do this economically the development will be done by using design of experiments (DoE) and the finite element method (FEM). On the one hand DoE shortens time-consuming FE-simulations by stating exactly which simulations need to be done to identify main determining factors for the personal command variable(s) e.g. tool lifetime. On the other hand FEM can be used to achieve simulation results, e.g. tool loading, which are comparable to real life experiments. By using DoE, 2D FE-simulations show that the geometry of the punchs extrusion shoulder can decrease the required forming force precisely. In addition the geometry of so called deceleration seams can affect the forming force in minor degree. In combination of all significant geometric parameters and the number and position of deceleration seams the tool loading of a cold extrusion punch could be reduced significantly.
Investigation of Friction Boundary Conditions during Extrusion of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Sanabria Vidal , Müller Sören , Gall Sven , Reimers Walter
Published: May 2014

In order to investigate the multi-variable friction phenomenon during aluminium and magnesium extrusion, tribological experiments with the alloys AA6060 and AZ31 against hot working steel 1.2344 were carried out. Using a new axial friction test, the effects of the normalized normal stress (1.5-6), the temperature (300 °C - 500 °C) and the relative sliding speed (0.1 - 50 mm/s) were investigated. The influence of each parameter on the friction behavior is analyzed, the friction results are depicted and a modified Tresca friction model is developed.
Development of a Compact Deformable Mirror Using Push-Pull Actuators
Authors: Shimizu Hiroki , Tanaka Keitaro , Tamaru Yuuma
Published: May 2014

A small deformable mirror which realizes concave shape as well as convex shape has been developed. In addition, this deformable mirror was developed to realize long term stability. For this purpose, a new push-pull actuator using two multilayered piezoelectric actuators aligned inline was designed. In this process, a practical method for simulating the property of piezoelectric actuator in the finite element method was proposed. From the experimental results, it was confirmed that newly developed deformable mirror has the ability to make complex profiles. Furthermore, efficiency of proposed simulation method was also confirmed.
Artificial Intelligent Systems for Quality Assurance in Small Series Production
Authors: Stemmer Marcelo Ricard , da Costa Camila Pontes Brito , Vargas Jaqueline , Roloff Mário Lúcio
Published: May 2014

The major challenge faced by a quality assurance (QA) system applied to small series production (SSP) is to guarantee the needed quality level already at the first run. Its called first time right on time. The SSP has some particular characteristics as the great diversity of product types and the continuous introduction of new products. Thus, the QA system has to adapt itself constantly to the new production conditions and support continuous process improvements. In this context, this paper presents the development of intelligent systems for QA in the diagnosis of SSP defects. The two systems developed are based on Artificial Intelligence techniques (Bayesian Networks, Expert Systems and Multiagent Systems) that analyze information from the metrological systems (such as a machine vision system) in the SSP line. The goal is to ensure that the cause of a defect will be fixed. The paper will present the context of the SSP, describe two solutions for quality assurance in SSP and will finish with the presentation of the results in the context of a SSP line for Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) mounting.
Development of High Precision Test Masses for the MICROSCOPE Space Project
Authors: Hagedorn Daniel , Heyne Heinz Peter , Metschke Stephan , Langner Uwe , Lebat Vincent , Rodriguez Manuel , Touboul Pierre , Löffler Frank
Published: May 2014

The MICROSCOPE (MicroSatellite à traînée Compensée pour l'Observation du Principe d'Equivalence) project is an orbit-based mission to verify the Weak Equivalent Principle with an uncertainty of 10-15. To achieve this goal two differential accelerometer, each equipped with two high precision test masses (made of PtRh10 and TiAl6V4 in the form of hollow cylinders with four flats at the outer shell and six precision countersinks at each face), are to be launched in Spring 2016 and shall orbit the earth for approx. one and a half year.
Optical Part Measuring inside a Milling Machine
Authors: Meier Nicolas , Georgiadis Anthimos
Published: May 2014

The dimensions of a workpiece have been measured during the milling process using a 3D laser inspection system. Re-clamping of the work piece has been avoided but a short interruption of the milling process took place. All three dimensions of the part have been measured, height and width using a profile scanning devise based on the laser triangulation method and the length using also the displacement features of the machine tool. Gauge blocks with the reference dimension of 4, 8, 10, 14, 18 and 23 mm have been used for the verification of the measurements. The measured values for the height deviate from the real value between 0 to 19 μm. The deviations of the length lie between 0 and 33 μm. The deviations of the width are higher and they lie between 0 and 150 μm, because of the scanning steps of the devise. The measurement of the width could be improved using a second scanner perpendicular to the first one in order to achieve an overall part inspection with deviations lower than 33 μm.
Highly-Stable Electronic Sensor Interface for Capacitive Position Measurement
Authors: Nojdelov Roumen , Nihtianov Stoyan
Published: May 2014

This paper presents capacitive sensor interface with very good stability, small thermal drift and high resolution. The measurement principle is based on a charge amplification and multi-slope conversion which utilizes stable resistors as reference components. Five capacitance ranges from 5 pF to 100 pF can be selected. Based on previous works, a so-called "zoom-in" technique is implemented for sensors with small variation of their capacitance, thus significantly extending the signal-to-noise ratio. The conversion time can be less than 100 μs, the temperature stability with offset cancellation is 2 ppm/K, and the dynamic range using "zoom-in" is 18.5 bits. The 1/f noise corner of the converter with noise floor of 0.1 fF is 20 mHz which indicates very good long-term stability. These characteristics make the interface suitable solution for wide range of industrial and scientific applications, including positioning systems and transfer of length standards with sub-nanometer accuracy.
Full Scale Calibration of a Combined Tactile Contour and Roughness Measurement Device
Authors: Volk Raimund , Feifel Stefan
Published: May 2014

In current production metrology contour and roughness of work pieces has to be controlled in demanding small tolerances. It is important that the results not only have to be accurate, but also the measurement has to be performed effective and fast. It would be convenient to have the possibility measuring first a continuous surface profile and than performing different evaluations on adjacent segments. We describe a measurement system which is based on a tactile probe with a diamond tip. The position of each axis is measured by high resolution and high accuracy digital scales. The instrument is calibrated and traced back by only using one precision sphere covering approximately the whole measuring range of 24 mm. It is shown that with only that macroscopic calibration and adjustment the accuracy for roughness measurement in all arbitrary vertical positions is reached in the nm-range. The calibration and adjustment process is described and we show the verification of the accuracy by measuring several surface specimens. The results are compared to a Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) calibration certificates for those surface roughness standards.
Tracheal Foreign Body and Pneumonia in a Cat: A Near Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Johns Sara , Sellon Rance , Spencer Erick , Tucker Melissa
Published: May 2014

A 12 yr old mixed-breed Maine coon was referred with a 1 wk history of intermittent respiratory distress. Physical examination and thoracic radiograph abnormalities were consistent with bronchopneumonia and chronic feline asthma. Repeat thoracic radiographs and lung aspirate cytology supported those diagnoses. Response to treatment was incomplete. One wk later, due to a change in respiratory pattern, cervical radiographs were obtained. A soft-tissue density was apparent in the cat’s cervical trachea. Bronchoscopy was performed and a segment of a pine cone was removed from the cat’s trachea. Following removal of the foreign body, the cat’s respiratory signs resolved. Premature diagnostic closure may prevent a clinician from recognizing an underlying missed diagnosis when response to treatment does not occur as expected.
Itinerant Jewish and Arabic Trading in the Dene’s North, 1916-1930
Authors: Colpitts George
Published: May 2014

In late nineteenth century and especially in the interwar years, “free traders” took advantage of better transport systems to expand trade with Dene people in the Athabasca and Mackenzie Districts. Well versed in fur grading and supported by credit in the expanding industrializing fur industry in the south, “itinerant” peddlers worked independently and often controversially alongside larger capitalized fur companies such as the Hudson’s Bay Company. A large number of these newcomers were Jews. This article suggests that Jews and, to a lesser extent, Lebanese and other Arabic traders became critical in the modernization of the Canadian North. They helped create an itinerant trader-Dene “contact zone” where the mixed meaning of credit, cash, and goods transactions provided northern Aboriginal trappers the means to negotiate modernism on their own terms in the interwar years. However, by the late 1920s, the state, encouraged by larger capitalized companies, implemented policies to restrict and finally close down this contact zone. The history of itinerant trading, then, raises questions about the long-term history of capitalism and co-related economic neo-colonialism in the Canadian north and their impact on First Nations.
“What We’ve Said Can be Proven in the Ground”: Stó:lō Sovereignty and Historical Narratives at Xá:ytem, 1990–2006
Authors: Knickerbocker Madeline Rose
Published: May 2014

Less than a month after the conclusion of the Oka crisis in Québec in the fall of 1990, development threatened another Indigenous heritage site, this one on the outskirts of Mission, British Columbia. Workers were preparing to blast apart a large stone and clear land for a 14-house subdivision on a sloping hill near the Fraser River. Indigenous elders, along with archaeologists and activists, responded rapidly by stepping forward to challenge the destruction of the site. Xá:ytem, the stone, is a sacred site for Stó:lō peoples, who have been living in the area for millennia. This paper examines the struggle to save Xá:ytem to reveal the tactical hybridity that can emerge when conceptions of heritage are entangled with expressions of sovereignty. When situated in the context of other Indigenous protests, analysis of the historical narratives deployed at Xá:ytem reveals much about the surprising and tenacious nature of heritage activism in late twentieth-century Canada.
Mad Flight? The Montréal Migration of 1896 to Brazil
Authors: Zucchi John
Published: May 2014

On 15 September 1896, 481 passengers left Montreal on the steamer Moravia, bound for the coffee plantations of São Paulo, Brazil. They had been enticed to migrate by offers of free passage, lodging and tools, and this at a time of high unemployment due to the economic crisis of the mid 1890s. The migrants ended up destitute, some of them begging in the streets of São Paulo. The British consular representatives helped the Canadian government to send back many of them, and most returned to Canada within eighteen months. This paper tries to understand why some people migrate as it were, on impulse, despite the warnings of neighbours and officials, and undertake a journey that to the eyes of others will end up in failure. It argues that the disposition of these individuals to migrate was strengthened by their lack of rootedness in their society and neighbourhoods.
Living with Disputes: Zhang Gang Diary (1888–1942) and the Life of a Community Mediator in Late Qing and Republican China
Authors: Guo Weiting
Published: May 2014

Using a newly available personal journal, Zhang Gang Diary (1888–1942), this study explores an understudied area of Chinese legal history: the everyday practice of community mediators in the late Qing and Republican eras. The records of the Zhang Gang Diary reveal how social, political, and judicial transformations impacted the practice of local mediation during a period of significant political and cultural change. The community mediator of this generation had increasingly limited room for mediation. However, as the diary reveals, community mediators also swiftly adapted to the new changes. Through a close reading of the life history of one village mediator, this paper examines a relatively low-status gentleman’s strategy for survival and how he responded to the grand societal and political transformations of late Qing and Republican China.
Le capital humain des femmes récemment nommées dans les conseils d’administration des sociétés françaises cotées à Paris
Authors: Allemand Isabelle , Brullebaut Bénédicte
Published: May 2014

La France a voté en 2011 une loi obligeant les sociétés cotées en bourse ou dépassant certains seuils à nommer des femmes dans leurs conseils d’administration. L’objectif de cet article est de mieux connaître le capital humain des femmes et des hommes administrateurs nommés dans un contexte de loi et de vérifier si les exigences de recrutement sont les mêmes indépendamment du genre. Notre étude, portant sur 112 sociétés, conclut que les critères de sélection des administrateurs sont en majorité les mêmes pour les hommes et les femmes nommés depuis la promulgation de la loi Copé Zimmermann.
La résistance au changement de nom de marque : ses antécédents et ses conséquences sur le capital de marque
Authors: Pauwels Delassus Véronique , Leclercq Vandelannoitte Aurélie , Mogos Descotes Raluca
Published: May 2014

Cet article analyse les antécédents de la résistance interne et externe au changement de nom de marque et ses conséquences sur le capital de marque. Une recherche qualitative menée auprès de 10 managers et de 40 consommateurs, suggère que, tant en interne qu’en externe, le niveau d’implication, le bénéfice perçu du changement et leur attachement à la marque substituée peuvent diminuer la résistance au changement. Divers leviers optimisant la gestion de la résistance au changement de nom de marque sont proposés afin de favoriser le transfert du capital de la marque abandonnée vers la nouvelle marque.
L’interaction du capital social et de la gestion des ressources humaines dans les entreprises familiales pérennes
Authors: Mignon Sophie , Ben Mahmoud-Jouini Sihem
Published: May 2014

L’objet de cet article est de comprendre comment la gestion des ressources humaines des entreprises familiales pérennes s’articule à la formation d’un capital social spécifique à ce type d’entreprises. L’étude s’appuie sur 12 études de cas approfondies parmi les plus grandes entreprises familiales françaises. L’analyse des discours a permis de mettre en évidence des pratiques récurrentes et singulières favorables à la formation d’un capital familial. Au-delà de ce constat, on peut s’interroger sur la possibilité de transposer les principes de continuité et de dimension collective aux entreprises non familiales, en d’autres termes de conduire les hommes selon des valeurs permettant à l’entreprise de retrouver sa vocation à créer du lien social.
Hierarchical Double‐Shell Nanostructures of TiO2 Nanosheets on SnO2 Hollow Spheres for High‐Efficiency, Solid‐State, Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ahn Sung Hoon , Kim Dong Jun , Chi Won Seok , Kim Jong Hak
Published: May 2014

A high‐energy conversion efficiency of 8.2% at 100 mW cm−2 is reported, one of the highest values for N719‐based, solid‐state, dye‐sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). The solar cells are based on hierarchical double‐shell nanostructures consisting of inner SnO2 hollow spheres (SHS) surrounded by outer TiO2 nanosheets (TNSs). Deposition of the TNS on the SHS outer surface is performed via solvothermal reactions in order to generate a double‐shell SHS@TNS nanostructure that provides a large surface area and suppresses recombination of photogenerated electrons. An organized mesoporous (OM)‐TiO2 film with high porosity, large pores, and good interconnectivity is also prepared via a sol‐gel process using a poly(vinyl chloride)‐g‐poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC‐g‐POEM) graft copolymer template. This film is utilized as a matrix to disperse the double‐shell nanostructures. Such nanostructures provide good pore‐filling for solid polymer electrolytes, faster electron transfer, and enhanced light scattering, as confirmed by reflectance spectroscopy, incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE), and intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS)/intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS).
Constructing an inter‐post similarity measure to differentiate the psychological stages in offensive chats
Authors: Miah Md. Waliur Rahman , Yearwood John , Kulkarni Siddhivinayak
Published: May 2014

Offensive Internet chats, particularly the child‐exploiting type, tend to follow a documented psychological behavioral pattern. Researchers have identified some important stages in this pattern. The psychological stages broadly include befriending, information exchange, grooming, and approach. Similarities among the posts of a chat play an important role in differentiating as well as in identifying these stages. In this article a novel similarity measure is constructed which gives high Inter‐post‐similarity among the chat‐posts within a particular behavioral stage and low inter‐post‐similarity across different behavioral stages. A psychological stage corpus‐based dictionary is constructed from mining the terms associated with each stage. The dictionary works as a background knowledge‐base to support the similarity measure. To find the inter‐post similarity a modified sentence similarity measure is used. The proposed measure gives improved recognition of inter‐stage and intra‐stage similarity among the chat posts compared with other types of similarity measures. The pairwise inter‐post similarity is used for clustering chat‐posts into the psychological stages. Results of experiments demonstrate that the new clustering method gives better results than some current clustering methods.
Cognition‐enhancing drugs induce intrusive traumatic memories: a two‐case report
Authors: Zahlan Nadine , Levitt Anthony
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical Message

Physicians managing patients with the use of drugs with cognition‐enhancing properties should be aware of the possibility of concurrent emergent, intrusive traumatic memories in individuals without existing cognitive impairment. Dose response should be closely monitored, as the adverse event may follow titration past an individual threshold.
Mapping of sheep sensory cortex with a novel microelectrocorticography grid
Authors: Gierthmuehlen Mortimer , Wang Xi , Gkogkidis Alexis , Henle Christian , Fischer Joerg , Fehrenbacher Thomas , Kohler Fabian , Raab Markus , Mader Irina , Kuehn Celina , Foerster Katharina , Haberstroh Joerg , Freiman Thomas M. , Stieglitz Thomas , Rickert Joern , Schuettler Martin , Ball Tonio
Published: May 2014

Microelectrocorticography (µECoG) provides insights into the cortical organization with high temporal and spatial resolution desirable for better understanding of neural information processing. Here we evaluated the use of µECoG for detailed cortical recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in an ovine model. The approach to the cortex was planned using an MRI‐based 3D model of the sheep's brain. We describe a minimally extended surgical procedure allowing placement of two different µECoG grids on the somatosensory cortex. With this small craniotomy, the frontal sinus was kept intact, thus keeping the surgical site sterile and making this approach suitable for chronic implantations. We evaluated the procedure for chronic implantation of an encapsulated µECoG recording system. During acute and chronic recordings, significant SEP responses in the triangle between the ansate, diagonal, and coronal sulcus were identified in all animals. Stimulation of the nose, upper lip, lower lip, and chin caused a somatotopic lateral‐to‐medial, ipsilateral response pattern. With repetitive recordings of SEPs, this somatotopic pattern was reliably recorded for up to 16 weeks. The findings of this study confirm the previously postulated ipsilateral, somatotopic organization of the sheep's sensory cortex. High gamma band activity was spatially most specific in the comparison of different frequency components of the somatosensory evoked response. This study provides a basis for further acute and chronic investigations of the sheep's sensory cortex by characterizing its exact position, its functional properties, and the surgical approach with respect to macroanatomical landmarks. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3590–3608, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood Obsessive–compulsive Traits in Anorexia Nervosa Patients, Their Unaffected Sisters and Healthy Controls: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Degortes Daniela , Zanetti Tatiana , Tenconi Elena , Santonastaso Paolo , Favaro Angela
Published: May 2014

Although there is evidence that childhood perfectionistic traits predate the onset of eating disorders, few studies to date have examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of these traits in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and their unaffected sisters. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of childhood obsessive–compulsive traits in patients with lifetime AN, their unaffected sisters and healthy women. A total of 116 AN patients, 32 healthy sisters and 119 controls were assessed by the EATATE Interview to assess traits such as perfectionism, inflexibility, rule‐bound traits, drive for order and symmetry, and excessive doubt and cautiousness. Both self‐report and maternal reports were collected. AN patients reported more childhood obsessive–compulsive traits than their healthy sisters and controls. In contrast, no differences between healthy controls and unaffected sisters emerged. In patients with AN, a dose–response relationship was found between the number of childhood obsessive–compulsive traits and psychopathology, including body image distortion, thus indicating that these traits are an important feature to be considered in assessing and treating eating disorders. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Multivariate Time Series Model with Hierarchical Structure for Over‐Dispersed Discrete Outcomes
Authors: Terui Nobuhiko , Ban Masataka
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a multivariate time series model for over‐dispersed discrete data to explore the market structure based on sales count dynamics. We first discuss the microstructure to show that over‐dispersion is inherent in the modeling of market structure based on sales count data. The model is built on the likelihood function induced by decomposing sales count response variables according to products' competitiveness and conditioning on their sum of variables, and it augments them to higher levels by using the Poisson–multinomial relationship in a hierarchical way, represented as a tree structure for the market definition. State space priors are applied to the structured likelihood to develop dynamic generalized linear models for discrete outcomes.

For the over‐dispersion problem, gamma compound Poisson variables for product sales counts and Dirichlet compound multinomial variables for their shares are connected in a hierarchical fashion. Instead of the density function of compound distributions, we propose a data augmentation approach for more efficient posterior computations in terms of the generated augmented variables, particularly for generating forecasts and predictive density.

We present the empirical application using weekly product sales time series in a store to compare the proposed models accommodating over‐dispersion with alternative no over‐dispersed models by several model selection criteria, including in‐sample fit, out‐of‐sample forecasting errors and information criterion. The empirical results show that the proposed modeling works well for the over‐dispersed models based on compound Poisson variables and they provide improved results compared with models with no consideration of over‐dispersion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Compounds from Amino Alcohols and Dialdehydes
Authors: Peera Asghar A. , Tomlinson Ian A.
Published: May 2014

Amino alcohols typically react with aldehydes to produce oxazolidines. It was hypothesized that the condensation of several commercially available amino alcohols with dialdehydes would produce a series of bicyclic oxazolidines containing two secondary amines. However, there were remarkable differences in the type of products formed depending on the structure of the dicarbonyl compounds and the reaction conditions. When linear aliphatic dialdehydes such as glyoxal were used, the expected bis‐oxazolidines were not produced; instead, polycyclic structures or oxazines were formed. However, when cyclic dialdehydes such as 1,3/1,4 cyclohexane dicarboxaldehyde were used, they resulted in products bearing the desired oxazolidine moieties.
Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasmain a coastal region of Haiti: multiplex bead assay detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies that recognize the SAG2A antigen
Authors: PRIEST J. W. , MOSS D. M. , ARNOLD B. F. , HAMLIN K. , JONES C. C. , LAMMIE P. J.
Published: May 2014

Toxoplasma gondiiis a globally distributed parasitic protozoan that infects most warm-blooded animals. We incorporated a bead coupled with recombinant SAG2A protein into our Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) multiplex bead assay (MBA) panel and used it to determineToxoplasmainfection rates in two studies in Haiti. In a longitudinal cohort study of children aged 0–11 years, the infection rate varied with age reaching a maximum of 0·131 infections/year in children aged 3 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·065–0·204]. The median time to seroconversion was estimated to be 9·7 years (95% CI 7·6–∞). In a cross-sectional, community-wide survey of residents of all ages, we determined an overall seroprevalence of 28·2%. The seroprevalence age curve from the cross-sectional study also suggested that the force of infection varied with age and peaked at 0·057 infections/year (95% CI 0·033–0·080) at age 2·6 years. Integration of theToxoplasmaMBA into NTD surveys may allow for better estimates of the potential burden of congenital toxoplasmosis in underserved regions.
An evaluation of Hospice New Zealand's interprofessional fundamentals of palliative care program at a single site
Authors: Henning Marcus , Hu Julie , Webster Craig , Brown Hadley , Murphy Jo
Published: May 2014

Objective:

To study the efficacy of two modules within the Fundamentals of Palliative Care educational program within a single site. The modules included the concepts of Essence of Palliative Care and Pain and Symptom Management.

Method:

A mixed-methods approach incorporating questionnaires and interviews was implemented. Two phases were included. First, a purposive sample of 22 workshop participants were invited to fill out evaluation questionnaires on two occasions (immediately after the session and four weeks as follow-up). Second, semistructured interviews were conducted and interviews transcribed and analyzed using content analysis.

Results:

Participants felt they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. The questionnaire feedback revealed that the Essence of Palliative Care module provided a breadth of content but had difficulties in capturing the diverse needs of all attendees. The Pain and Symptom Management module was perceived as more technical and clinical, and this suited health professionals with an informed background. The interviewee feedback (three nurses, three nurse educators, one manager) suggested that the learning outcomes were comprehensive but needed to be more sensitive to learner needs. The teaching and learning activities were perceived as useful and encouraging. However, learners came from diverse contexts, and it was difficult to suit all learning preferences. Assessment and evaluation processes required more psychometric attention.

Significance of Results:

The piloting of the Fundamentals of Palliative Care program at this single site was of benefit and relevance to participants in their clinical practice. Overall, participants felt the course was useful to them and that they were able to gain valuable knowledge and skills. Several areas could be refined to optimize the learning, including: (1) knowing attendee learning potentialities and prior experiences, (2) considering a more inclusive and formal assessment process, (3) creating diverse mechanisms for disseminating knowledge and skills, and (4) improving methods of evaluation.
Problemorientiertes Lernen
Authors: Rathwallner Birgit , Schüttengruber Gerhilde
Published: May 2014

In den letzten Jahren wurde im Rahmen der österreichischen Ausbildung in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege vermehrt die Methode des Problemorientierten Lernens (POL) eingesetzt. Mit dieser Unterrichtsmethode soll theoretisch Erlerntes besser in die praktische Ausbildung des Pflegealltags eingebunden werden als mit herkömmlichen Methoden. Ob Pol tatsächlich diesem Anspruch gerecht wird muss jedoch erst evaluiert werden. Im Folgenden werden Hintergründe zu POL und Möglichkeiten der Evaluation aufgezeigt.
Crystal-momentum dispersion of ultrafast spin change in fcc Co
Authors: Si M. S. , Li J. Y. , Yang D. Z. , Xue D. S. , Zhang G. P.
Published: May 2014

Nearly twenty years ago, Beaurepaire and coworkers showed that when an ultrafast laser impinges on a ferromagnet, its spin moment undergoes a dramatic change, but how it works remains a mystery. While the current experiment is still unable to resolve the minute details of the spin change, crystal momentum-resolved techniques have long been used to analyze the charge dynamics in superconductors and strongly correlated materials. Here we extend it to probe spin moment change in the entire three-dimensional Brillouin zone for fcc Co. Our results indeed show a strong spin activity along the Δ line, supporting a prior experimental finding. The spin active pockets coalesce into a series of spin surfaces that follow the Fermi surfaces. We predict two largest spin change pockets which have been elusive to experiments: one pocket is slightly below the Δ line and the other is along the Λ line and close to the L point. Our theory presents an opportunity for the time-, spin- and momentum-resolve photoemission technique.
Formation initiale des Enseignants de Physique-Chimie : l’Ouverture aux Nanosciences & Nanotechnologies
Authors: Dubreuil F. , Baudrant A. , Rambaud Ch. , Marchi F.
Published: May 2014

En
2010
la
refonte
de
la
formation
des
enseignants
du
primaire
et
secondaire
a
conduit
à
la
création
des
Master
Enseignement
;
c’est
dans
ce
cadre
que
l’Université
Joseph
Fourier
a
décidé
de
consacrer
une
unité
d’enseignement
(UE)
dite
d’ouverture
à
la
recherche
aux
« Nano »
pour
les
futurs
professeurs
de
physique
et
de
chimie.
Cette
UE
intitulée
« Objets
quotidiens,
Nanosciences
et
Education »
unique
en
France
a
la
particularité
de
s’appuyer
sur
des
plateformes
d’enseignement
expérimental
de
haut
niveau
dans
ce
domaine.
De
plus
elle
propose
une
évaluation
des
connaissances
innovante
qui
repose
sur
la
conception
d’une
séquence
d’enseignement
sur
une
thématique
« Nano »
dédiée
à
des
élèves
de
niveau
première
ou
Terminale
scientifique.
Retour d’expérience d’une formation EURODOTS en compatibilité électromagnétique des circuits intégrés
Authors: Sicard Etienne , Boyer Alexandre , Serpaud Sébastien
Published: May 2014

Nous présentons un retour d’expérience d’une session de formation théorique et pratique d’une semaine, focalisée sur la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) des circuits intégrés (CI). Après avoir posé nos motivations pour la construction de ce cours, nous décrivons sa structure, l’approche pédagogique, les compétences visées, les outils et des travaux pratiques associés. Nous donnons aussi une synthèse de l’évaluation faite par les participants à la formation organisée en 2012, qui démontre l’intérêt de coupler des sessions expérimentales et travaux pratiques aux sessions de cours. La formation CEM composants est
labélisée « Quality Labeled Course » par Eurotraining et a obtenu le soutien financier du programme Européen « EURODOTS ».
Dynamical photoionization observables of the CS molecule: The role of electron correlation
Authors: Ponzi Aurora , Angeli Celestino , Cimiraglia Renzo , Coriani Sonia , Decleva Piero
Published: May 2014

Highly correlated calculations are performed on the primary ionic states and the prominent satellite present in the outer valence photoelectron spectrum of carbon monosulfide (CS). Dyson orbitals are coupled to accurate one particle continuum orbitals to provide a correlated description of energy dependent cross sections, asymmetry parameters, branching ratios, and molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions. The comparison with results obtained at the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory level shows the strong sensitivity of these observables to details of the correlation in the bound states. The behaviour of the well characterized satellite state is analyzed in detail, and shows differences from the relevant primary states, revealing the limitations of a simple intensity borrowing mechanism. The results resolve the intensity disagreement with experiment obtained at the level of the sudden approximation.
FP-LAPW investigation of electronic, magnetic, elastic and thermal properties of Fe-doped zirconium nitride
Authors: Sirajuddeen M. Mohamed Sheik , Banu I. B. Shameem
Published: May 2014

Full Potential- Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method has been employed to study the electronic, magnetic, elastic and thermal properties of Fe-doped Zirconium nitride. In this work, Fe-atoms were doped into the super cell of ZrN in doping concentrations of 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% to replace Zr atoms. Electronic properties such as band structure and DOS were plotted and compared for the doped compounds. Charge density contours were plotted for all the doped compounds. The non-magnetic ZrN doped in different Fe concentrations were found to be ferromagnetic. Magnetic moments have been calculated and compared. Elastic properties have been studied and compared with electronic properties. Appearance of magnetic ordering and its influence with the elastic properties have been reported. Impact of 3d states of Fe in DOS plot on the elastic nature of the compounds has been highlighted. Thermal properties such as Debye temperature and molar heat capacities at low temperature have been determined. Debye temperature is found to decrease with higher doping concentrations. Molar heat capacities are found to increase with higher concentrations of Fe atoms.
Short‐term spatial stability in trophic interactions
Authors: Díaz Eliecer R. , McQuaid Christopher D.
Published: May 2014

The concept of stability in ecological theory has been a subject of debate for more than 40 years. Its value lies in being the explanatory principle underlying equilibrium in nature. Until now, the possibility of spatial stability in trophic interactions, defined as resilience of trophic activity (e.g. herbivore/algae or predator/prey) within patches after a disturbance, has not been explored. This concept requires the demonstration of two properties: (i) the return after a strong disturbance to a reference level of intensity of the trophic interaction (intensity criterion), and (ii) positive spatial correlation between pre‐ and post‐disturbance intensity of the trophic interaction (spatial determinism criterion).

The first criterion can be assessed by checking the consistency of intensities of grazing effects between years and the second criterion by correlating the intensities of grazing between years on the same set of patches. We used a spatially explicit test, repeated after experimental disturbance of the same plots in two consecutive years, to test for the existence of spatial stability in the effects of grazing on rocky shore algal assemblages.

The detection of spatial stability depended on the level of resolution at which the prey assemblages were examined (species, functional group and trophic level) and allowed us to demonstrate stability in grazing effects, which shape the mosaic of patches on the high rocky shore at scales of 10s of meters.

The community analysed was highly resilient due to its domination by species that can quickly re‐colonize and recover to pre‐disturbance levels and showed spatial determinism because of the tendency of both grazers and algae to colonize particularly favourable areas.

Synthesis. The most important findings are as follows: (i) spatial stability was confirmed for a trophic interaction, and (ii) spatial determinism in these systems was detectable. We suggest that patches exhibiting predictability in trophic interaction strength can function as initiators of recovery after disturbance and at the same time represent the deterministic initial condition that might shape long‐term spatial configurations within the landscape.
Role of the transumbilical laparoscopic‐assisted single‐channel, single‐port procedure in an interval appendectomy for pediatric mass‐forming appendicitis: A preliminary retrospective analysis
Authors: Ohno Yasuharu
Published: May 2014

Introduction

A transumbilical laparoscopic‐assisted single‐channel, single‐port procedure was introduced during laparoscopic interval appendectomy for mass‐forming appendicitis in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the original laparoscopic interval appendectomy.

Methods

This study analyzed 31 children who underwent laparoscopic interval appendectomy using a single‐channel, single‐port procedure. The appendectomy was usually planned 8–12 weeks following initial conservative treatment. The procedure was a single‐channel surgery using a 12‐mm single port. Both a 5‐mm telescope and grasper were inserted simultaneously into the single channel. The grasper held the appendix, and an extracorporeal appendectomy was performed.

Results

Appendectomy was planned for 29 patients, as 2 patients deviated from the protocol. The procedure was successful in 21 patients (72.4%). An accessory port was necessary in eight patients, two of whom successfully underwent laparoscopic surgery; the remaining six were converted to open appendectomy. The average length of surgery was 43 min in the single‐channel, single‐port procedure. No postoperative complications occurred in any patient.

Conclusion

The single‐channel, single‐port procedure was successfully performed in over 70% of the patients. This preliminary retrospective analysis indicates that the procedure is safe and potentially beneficial in children with mass‐forming appendicitis who require laparoscopic interval appendectomy.