bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Body Studies and the Embodiment of Society: A Review of the Field
Authors: Shilling Chris
Published: January 2017

During the last few decades there has been a pronounced ‘turn to the body’ within sociology and social thought.  Exploring the background to and the parameters of this development, this paper explores how this focus on embodiment has been used to develop new perspectives within social and cultural analysis, and can be assessed as an essential means of avoiding the Cartesian bias within much Western thought. Revisiting sociology’s heritage, it then identifies important resources for this project within classical writings, before analyzing why the body has become such a contested phenomenon within social analysis and society. As developments in science, medicine and technology have made the body increasingly malleable, so too have they made it subject to debates and disagreements about what is normal, desirable and even sacred about the physical identities and capacities of embodied subjects.

Keywords: the body, embodiment, sociology, structures/agency, social inequalities.
IMAGEM E IMPRENSA NA AMAZÔNIA: a configuração da fotografia no jornal Estado do Pará
Authors: Seixas Netilia Silva dos Anjos , Siqueira Thaís Christina Coelho
Published: January 2017

Este estudo busca contribuir para o entendimento da trajetória da fotografia nos jornais paraenses, a partir de um dos principais impressos do Estado, o Estado do Pará (1911-1980). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e análise dos dados empíricos, usando os métodos iconográfico e iconológico, de Erwin Panofsky e Boris Kossoy. Foram observadas as fotografias publicadas em 1912, quando uma das primeiras fotografias jornalísticas foi encontrada no impresso, 1920, 1960 e 1980, nos meses de janeiro, abril, julho e outubro, correspondendo a cerca de 30 por cento do total de edições de cada ano selecionado. O jornal Estado do Pará iniciou sua edição com apresentação gráfica inovadora, destacando-se, mais tarde, com a publicação de imagens fotográficas e participando do estabelecimento da imprensa na Amazônia.
HISTÓRIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO NA AMAZÔNIA: por entre construções e reconstruções
Authors: Munaro Luis Francisco , Seixas Netília Silva dos Anjos , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: January 2017

Várias iniciativas têm buscado vencer as enormes distâncias e retirar as universidades nortistas do encapsulamento em que muitas vezes se encontram. É sabido que o trânsito difícil entre os estados e o número escasso de doutores na região tornam as iniciativas conjuntas um esforço hercúleo. Estas iniciativas de intercâmbio e diálogo têm se dado mais na forma de “trabalho de formiguinha”, com várias e crescentes ações individuais. Este dossiê é uma destas ações. Com ele pretende-se, junto aos esforços da Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores de História da Mídia (ALCAR), abrir espaço para a condução mais integrada de pesquisas cuja proposta principal é a investigação da Amazônia, sua Mídia e sua História. A persistência da Revista Observatório permitiu a construção desse conjunto de estudos sobre a temática história da mídia. Embora seja uma revista voltada para o intercâmbio entre comunicação, jornalismo e educação, houve espaço e demanda para o mapeamento da produção midiática na longa região pensada como Amazônia. A edição se escora na questão definidora de como os homens amazônicos utilizaram a mídia para dar um sentido para a Amazônia. Ou, ainda, como pensaram a si mesmos e como buscaram cristalizar essa identidade através do uso das crescentes tecnologias de mídia disponíveis?
Arquivamento e preservação de longo prazo do arquivo em:
OpenDepot / Edina (The University of Edinburgh):  em processo de inclusão/indexação
SSOAR-GESIS – Leibniz-Institut (Alemanha): 
HAL (França): em processo de inclusão/indexação
PUBLICIDADE, ENUNCIAÇÃO E REALIDADE AUMENTADA: desdobramentos da categoria de pessoa na era digital
Authors: Azevedo Sandro Tôrres de
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, visamos refletir sobre uma ação publicitária que se utilizou da tecnologia de realidade aumentada, desenvolvida para a marca Linx, em março de 2011. Mobilizamos fundamentos da Semiótica Discursiva, especificamente sobre a questão da enunciação e a instalação da categoria de pessoa, articulando-os com conceitos afeitos à Comunicação Social, em especial a perspectivas utilizadas para compreensão dos fenômenos da cibercultura. Pretendemos, assim, identificar peculiaridades nas interações mediadas por dispositivos de realidade aumentada, considerando esse tipo de atividade comunicativa como aspecto absolutamente novo para os estudos do discurso publicitário.
WEBDIÁSPORA: Migrações, TICs e memória coletiva
Authors: ElHajji Mohammed , Escudero Camila
Published: January 2017

A webdiáspora, enquanto espaço de reordenamento de experiências e práticas sociais e subjetivas dos imigrantes e comunidades diaspóricas, contribui necessariamente na produção de marcas e rastros existenciais individuais e coletivos no plano subjetivo e simbólico. A pergunta que se coloca, todavia, é se tal configuração cognitiva, de natureza abertamente ‘a-espacial’, constitui uma forma diferenciada de suporte à tradicional ‘memória coletiva’ proposta por Maurice Halbwachs ou se limita a reforçar as modalidades de sociabilidade que prescindem naturalmente do espaço físico. A partir de uma reflexão teórica que une as noções de ‘memória coletiva’ do próprio Halbwachs, de ‘espaço nostálgico’ de Abdelmalek Sayad e de ‘transnacionalismo’ explorada por diversos autores, entendemos que, ainda que não possa se substituir à ‘memória coletiva espacial’ ou se sobrepor ao ‘espaço social’, a webdiáspora não deixa de oferecer preciosos subsídios mnemônicos e interativos para as comunidades de imigrantes que se encontram no exílio; principalmente, ao reunir e tornar acessíveis registros informacionais de caráter identitário que contribuem para a consolidação do sentimento de pertencimento ao grupo e manutenção dos laços comunicativos transnacionais.
#VOCÊNACAPA: moda e representação feminina na edição comemorativa da revista Elle Brasil
Authors: Martinelli Fernanda , Rocha Marcela
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa a representação feminina relacionada a estéticas contra-hegemônicas na edição comemorativa da revista ELLE Brasil publicada em maio de 2015. O objetivo é pensar de que forma a diversidade está conquistando espaço na indústria da moda e nos meios de comunicação que a representam. Tomando como ponto de partida o conceito de representação social em Hall e Moscovici, discutimos aqui o significado desse conteúdo, que se distingue do padrão de beleza normativo da mulher branca, loira, ocidental e extremamente magra, considerando a forma concreta que o significado simbólico dessas representações assumem na revista.
MINHA LUTA NO BRASIL: Editora Globo, 1934-1942
Authors: Paz Eliane Hatherly
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é um recorte da minha pesquisa sobre a história editorial do livro Mein Kampf, de Adolf Hitler, no Brasil. Neste trabalho, investigo a produção, a circulação e a recepção do lançamento de Minha Luta – como seu título foi traduzido para o português – no país, em setembro de 1934, pela Editora Globo de Porto Alegre. Até agosto de 1942, quando a obra foi proibida pelo presidente Getúlio Vargas, foram impressas sete edições. Muito do pouco que se sabe sobre o lançamento nacional de Minha Luta encontra-se registrado em notícias esparsas e, muitas vezes, discordantes, nos periódicos da época e em obras de referência. Trazer à luz os detalhes dessa história preencherá uma lacuna nos estudos do livro.
FOLHA DE S. PAULO E O CASO HERZOG RE(A)PRESENTADO: um estudo sobre memória, narrativa e “acontecência”
Authors: Dias André Bonsanto , Roxo Marco
Published: January 2017

Herzog e sua imagem tornaram-se marco da resistência política no país. Essa simbologia está envolta em uma teia narrativa imersa em conflitos, mas que também foi responsável pela ressignificação do acontecimento no tempo, cujo efeito foi amortecer a repressão ditatorial. Para repensar outras consequências da constante “dilatação” deste acontecimento no tempo tomamos como objeto a matéria publicada pela Folha de S. Paulo em 5 de fevereiro de 2012, quando, na ocasião, o jornal procurou revelar a seus leitores o “instante decisivo” e a identidade do fotógrafo Silvaldo Leung Vieira, autor desta imagem símbolo. Nossa intenção é discutir como o acontecimento foi re(a)presentado pelo jornal em um processo de constante “acontecência” em suas narrativas de lembrança e esquecimento. Narrativas muitas vezes condicionadas por objetivos particulares visando reconfigurar a memória e a autoridade do jornal em relação ao seu passado.
POEMAS E FOTOGRAFIAS NA BUSCA PELO ETERNO
Authors: Sousa Fábio d’Abadia de
Published: January 2017

As possíveis semelhanças entre a poesia e a fotografia é o que analisamos neste texto. A partir da obra do modernista Oswald de Andrade, discutimos alguns elementos de aproximação entre a visualidade fotográfica e a imagem poética. Defendemos que parte da poesia oswaldiana - na qual predomina uma linguagem clara, direta, simples, sem adornos e que apresenta uma visualidade explícita - passa a impressão de que o poeta tenta colocar para o leitor cenas que se assemelham a fotografias.
JORNALISTA E ESCRITOR, LEANDRO MARSHALL EXPLICA PORQUE O JORNALISMO ESTÁ CADA VEZ MAIS PARECIDO COM A PUBLICIDADE
Authors: Bueno Thaisa , Torres Jessika
Published: January 2017

Entrevista realizada em agosto de 2016, com o jornalista e pesquisador Leandro Marshall, doutor em Ciências da Comunicação (PUC/RS), mestre em Teorias da Comunicação (UMESP/SP) e professor universitário em Brasília, onde atua também como analista em Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), Marshall é um dos responsáveis pela popularização no Brasil do termo “Jornalismo Rosa”, também chamado de Jornalismo Transgênico ou Info-entretenimento - um modelo de publicação jornalística altamente influenciado pela lógica publicitária.
Arquivamento e preservação de longo prazo do arquivo em:
OpenDepot / Edina (The University of Edinburgh):  em processo de inclusão/indexação
SSOAR-GESIS – Leibniz-Institut (Alemanha): 
HAL (França): em processo de inclusão/indexação
POLÍTICOS E IMIGRANTES: os primeiros anos da imprensa em Vilhena-Rondônia (1975-1950)
Authors: Colferai Sandro Adalberto , Nicolielo Nicola
Published: January 2017

Este artigo aborda as primeiras duas décadas da imprensa na cidade de Vilhena, Rondônia, entre meados da década de 1970 e meados da década de 1990. Este período coincide com a formação da cidade durante o período de intensa imigração para a Região Norte do Brasil, no contexto da política de ocupação promovida pelos governos militares. São estes imigrantes que vão instalar os primeiros jornais, inicialmente motivados pelo interesse em apresentar veículos de comunicação para a nascente sociedade. Após este breve primeiro período os jornais tornam-se arrimos de diferentes projetos políticos, quase sempre conflitantes, o que motiva o surgimento de diferentes publicações. É neste contexto, que procuramos resgatar no artigo, que jornais circulam durante o período abordado. Para isso nos valemos principalmente de fontes orais e apresentamos reproduções de algumas das publicações citadas.
CINEMA NO AMAZONAS: o imaginário colonizado navegando numa sociologia de ausências e emergências
Authors: Lopes Rafael de Figueiredo , Nogueira Wilson de Souza
Published: January 2017

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o Cinema no Amazonas, apresentando aspectos da produção audiovisual desde o início do século XX à contemporaneidade, dando ênfase a produção de cineastas locais. Propomos a configuração de um “ecossistema comunicacional” a partir da relação entre contexto histórico, artistas, meio ambiente, políticas públicas, estéticas e ideologias. A abordagem teórico-metodológica parte da ideia de sociologia das ausências e emergências, de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, em diálogo com autores amazônicos, como João de Jesus Paes Loureiro, e de teóricos da cultura e do audiovisual. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizado um estudo de campo para mapear a situação do setor audiovisual regional. Percebe-se que, por diversos fatores ao longo da história, o cinema amazonense é um segmento que se mantém praticamente imperceptível ou ignorado, pois além de estar apartado do sistema industrial de produção, distribuição e exibição, ainda não conquistou o reconhecimento do público regional.
Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Transmission
Authors: Djalalian-Assl Amir
Published: January 2017

For distances less 10 nm, a total energy transfer occurs from a quantum emitter to a nearby metallic surface, producing evanescent surface waves that are plasmonic in nature. When investigating a metallic nanohole supported on an optically dense substrate (such as diamond with NV-), the scattering occurred preferentially from the diamond substrate towards the air for dipole distances less 10 nm from the aperture. In addition, an enhancement to the dipole's radiative decay rate was observed when resonance of the aperture matched the emitters wavelength. The relationship between an emitter and a nearby resonant aperture is shown to be that of the resonance energy transfer where the emitter acts as a donor and the hole as an acceptor. In conjunction with the preferential scattering behavior, this has led to the proposed device that operates in transmission mode, eliminating the need for epi-illumination techniques and optically denser than air superstrates in the collection cycle, hence making the design simpler and more suitable for miniaturization. A design criterion for the surface grating is also proposed to improve the performance, where the period of the grating differs significantly from the wavelength of the surface plasmon polaritons. Response of the proposed device is further studied with respect to changes in NV's position and its dipolar orientation to identify the crystallographic planes of diamond over which the performance of the device is maximized.
Flow Analysis of Insert Molding Using Injection Molding CAE
Authors: Yoshida Kazuto ,   Iwate University, Ootsuki Kazutoshi , Hirose Koichi
Published: January 2017

Injection molding CAE is employed to analyze the flow process of insert molding. The goals of the analysis are to reduce the number of injection processes required in injection molding, to impart greater added value to the product, and to advance injection molding technology. The importance of an analysis for the weld lines that occur when the mold is filled with plastic and that may lead to lower product quality in addition to an displacements in the insert-molded part due to plastic shrinkage is pointed out. This paper will report about the importance of the previous injection molding CAE for actual fabrication to investigate the product shape design and molding conditions.
Tool Wear and Surface Roughness in Milling of Die Steel Using Binderless CBN End Mill
Authors: Hamaguchi Kazuya ,   Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Technology, Kodama Hiroyuki , Okuda Koichi ,   University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
Published: January 2017

In this study, the authors describe the cutting characteristics of binderless CBN end mills in milling of die steel. A single flute radius end mill having a diameter of 0.5 mm and corner radius of 0.02 mm was in the experiment. Heat-treated steel, stainless steel, and high-speed tool steel were cut using a high-speed spindle, allowing for the analyses of tool wear and surface roughness. The results revealed that the wear volume increased with an increase in the hardness of the work material although the edge retreat amount after cutting 25 m was less than 5 μm. The average surface roughness of the finished surface was less than 15 nm in all the work materials. A mirror-finished surface was also obtained. This result contributes to the automation of the polishing process of metal molds and to the more efficient use of labor.
Investigation of Flash Generation Process for Engineering Plastic by Flash Generation-Evaluating Mold
Authors: Murata Yasuhiko ,   Nippon Institute of Technology, Inoue Tomoki , Fujibayashi Tomonari
Published: January 2017

Flash is an appearance defect that arises in injection molding. In this paper, a flash generation-evaluating mold developed by the authors was improved to evaluate the ease of occurrence of flashes in resins, such as engineering plastic, molded at high mold temperatures and melt pressures in the cavity. Using the improved mold, we evaluated the occurrence conditions of secondary flash in polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide PA6 (nylon-6), and polycarbonate (PC). The secondary flash occurred most easily for PA6, second most easily for POM, and least easily for PC. A correlation between the ease of occurrence of secondary flash and the crystallization of the resin was also clarified.
Improvement in the Permeability Characteristics of Injection Mold Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing and Irradiated by Electron Beams
Authors: Koresawa Hiroshi ,   Department of Mechanical Information Science and Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fujimaru Hironobu , Narahara Hiroyuki
Published: January 2017

This paper describes a metal mold with permeability fabricated by metal laser sintering with high-speed milling, which is an additive manufacturing method, and discusses the improvement in permeability. In this method, the sintered body is produced with gas exhaust tubes based on the porous structure. To maintain permeability, ensuring that the gas exhaust tube is not blocked is essential. Blockages may occur because of reasons such as the deformation of the gas exhaust tube due to the milling process during fabrication and generation of mold deposits within the gas exhaust tube during injection molding. In this research, by irradiating the surface of a sintered body, with a gas exhaust tube, by an electron beam, water repellency attributed to the reduction in surface free energy and recovery of permeability are confirmed. Further, in a fundamental experiment with an injection molding machine, the permeability of a permeable sintered body irradiated an electron beam increased by approximately 2.8 times as compared to the permeability of a sintered body that was not irradiated.
Effects and Application of Current Feedback in Servo System with Current Limiter
Authors: Hikizu Masatoshi ,   Kanazawa University, Seki Hiroaki , Kamiya Yoshitsugu
Published: January 2017

A manufactured servo system has both current feedback and saturation elements in the servo driver (amplifier). The current feedback is thought to be effective only in reducing the electric time constant of the motor. However, the effects of current feedback are not only the reduction of electric time constant. In this study, the effect of current feedback is clarified by comparing it to a velocity control system without current feedback. In particular, the contribution of the current feedback to saturation elements in servo drivers is clarified. As a result, the influence of the saturation of the operation amount existing in servo drivers cannot be clarified easily, showing that the current feedback is indispensable in motor control by suppressing the flow of over-current to the motor. This demonstrates the possibility of force control that is compatible with trajectory control of a load by exploiting the characteristic of saturation of operation amount.
Insufficiency Fracture Occurring 3 Years After Union of an Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture
Authors: Yoon Byung-Ho , Park Sung Bae
Published: January 2017

Case:

We present a rare case of insufficiency fracture at the level of the distal interlocking screw following union of an intertrochanteric hip fracture. A 74-year-old woman reported chronic thigh pain for 1 month. She had a history of an osteoporotic stable intertrochanteric fracture that was successfully treated with a short intramedullary nail 3.5 years prior. However, after union, the neck-shaft angle of the femur changed from 125° to 117°. She had been on alendronic acid therapy to prevent a secondary osteoporotic fracture. A recent radiograph and bone scan suggested an insufficiency fracture around the level of the distal interlocking screw. Revision surgery with a long intramedullary nail was performed, and complete union was observed 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

This case suggests that subsequent insufficiency fracture can occur after complete union of an intertrochanteric hip fracture. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of a stress fracture when a patient has thigh pain after an intertrochanteric fracture has healed following repair with a short intramedullary nail.
Open Hip Dislocation Through the Scrotum without Osseous Injury
Authors: Snoap Tyler , Habeck Jason , Roberts Jason
Published: January 2017

Case:

A 36-year-old bicyclist sustained an open anterior hip dislocation through the scrotum after being struck by 2 motor vehicles. There was no osseous injury present. The hip was irreducible by closed means and required open reduction via a Smith-Petersen approach. Postoperatively, the patient did not develop osteonecrosis of the femoral head but did have signs of mild osteoarthritis and heterotopic ossification.

Conclusion:

Open anterior hip dislocation into the scrotum is an exceedingly rare injury. Closed reduction can be attempted, but open intervention is often required. A Smith-Petersen approach allows visualization for reduction and does not violate the vascularity to the femoral head.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Surgery About the Knee
Authors: Howell Richard , Hill Brenton , Hoffman Christopher , Treacy Erin , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: January 2017

➢ Peripheral nerve blocks are an often-utilized and efficacious method of analgesia for orthopaedic surgery about the knee.

➢ Benefits include decreased pain and narcotic use, increased participation in postoperative physical therapy, and decreased length of hospital stay.

➢ Adductor canal blocks have the advantage of preserving quadriceps function for early postoperative range of motion and walking.

➢ The risk of serious complications resulting from a peripheral nerve block is relatively low, ranging from 0% to 3%.
Human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy in the prevention of anogenital warts: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tejada Romina A , Vargas Kris G , Benites-Zapata Vicente , Mezones-Holguín Edward , Bolaños-Díaz Rafael , Hernández Adrian V
Published: January 2017

Objective. To review evidence on the efficacy of HPV vaccines in the prevention of non-cancer lesions (anogenital warts [AGW], recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and oral papillomatosis). Materials and methods. We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials. We performedrandom effect models and effects were reported as relative risks (RR) and their confidence intervals (95%CI) following both intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses.Results. We included six studies (n=27 078). One study was rated as high risk of bias. One study could not be included in the meta-analysis because it provided combined results. We found that quadrivalent vaccine reduced the risk of AGW by 62% (RR: 0.38, 95%CI:0.32-0.45, I2:0%) in the ITT analysis and by 95% (RR: 0.05, 95%CI:0.01-0.25, I2:66%) in the PP analysis. Subgroup analyses of studies in women or with low-risk of bias provided similar results. Conclusion. HPV quadrivalent vaccine is efficacious in preventing AGW in men and women.
Respondiendo a una pandemia emergente: Zika y los métodos anticonceptivos como medida preventiva
Authors: Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Azañedo Diego , Vilcarromero Stalin
Published: January 2017

El virus del Zika ha ido expandiéndose rápidamente en América Latina y el Caribe. El Perú aún no reporta casos autóctonos, ambientales con los países afectados pueden establecer las condiciones adecuadas para la infección del Aedes aegypti, vector del virus del Zika y su posterior transmisión a los humanos, desencadenando una epidemia como la que sucedió con el virus del dengue en años anteriores. Además de la enfermedad febril aguda que el virus produce, la posible asociación con el incremento de casos de síndrome de Guillain-Barré en adultos, el aumento en la incidencia de microcefalia en recién nacidos, así como el reporte de la transmisión por vía sexual, han generado gran preocupación tanto en la población como en los decisores de la salud pública, a tal grado que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha decretado alerta mundial…
Publicidad dirigida al consumidor en páginas web de farmacias homeopáticas en Perú
Authors: Villa Jackeline , Santa-Cruz Ninoska , Taype-Rondan Alvaro
Published: January 2017

La homeopatía es una terapia alternativa que emplea medicamentos elaborados con base en las leyes de similares y los infinitesimales. La ley de los similares postula que la sustancia que causa ciertos síntomas en un individuo sano curará al paciente enfermo con los mismos síntomas. Por su parte, la ley de los infinitesimales postula que la dosis del medicamento será más potente cuanto más diluido se encuentre...
Costos económicos en el tratamiento farmacológico del paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Estudio de pacientes en consulta externa de medicina interna de un hospital de segundo nivel de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Ramírez-Hinojosa Juan Pablo , Zacarías-Castillo Rogelio , Torres-Tamayo Margarita , Tenorio-Aguirre Erika Karina , Torres-Viloria Alfredo
Published: January 2017

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es considerada un problema de salud pública global. Es la primera causa de morbilidad-mortalidad en el país. Representa una enfermedad de alto costo para los sistemas de salud, con un gasto de 370 billones de dólares al año, que se estima alcanzará los 490 billones de dólares para 2030...
Riesgos potenciales de salud por consumo de agua con arsénico en Colima, México
Authors: Mendoza-Cano Oliver , Sánchez-Piña Ramón Alberto , Barrón-Quintana Julián , Cuevas-Arellano Herguin Benjamin , Escalante-Minakata Pilar , Solano-Barajas Ramón
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Estimar los riesgos potenciales de salud debidos a la ingestión crónica de arsénico (As) en agua en Colima, México. Material y métodos. Se muestrearon aleatoriamente 36 pozos en 10 acuíferos locales. El análisis se hizo mediante ICP-OES siguiendo estándares internacionales. Se realizó una interpolación geoestadística con ArcGIS, implementando un modelo de ponderación del inverso de la distancia, para estimar la ruta de exposición de consumo en cada localidad. Se calcularon los coeficientes de peligro (HQ)y riesgo carcinogénico (R). Resultados. El HQ promedio ponderado de As para Colima es 2.41. Existen valores de HQ>1 para As que indican efectos adversos no carcinogénicos para la salud por ingestión continua y prolongada de agua; esto podría afectar a 183 832 individuos en el estado. El riesgo calculado de desarrollar cáncer debido a las concentraciones de arsénico en aguas subterráneas (R) es de 1.089E-3; estadísticamente esto podría ocasionar 446 casos de cáncer. Conclusiones. Los niveles actuales de arsénico en el agua de pozo incrementan los riesgos carcinogénicos y no carcinogénicos de salud humana en Colima.
Adaptación y validación de escalas de autoeficacia y empoderamiento dirigidas a mujeres mexicanas en etapa de climaterio
Authors: V Doubova Svetlana , Espinosa-Alarcón Patricia , Infante Claudia , Aguirre-Hernández Rebeca , Rodríguez-Aguilar Leticia , Olivares-Santos Roberto , Pérez-Cuevas Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Adaptar y validar en español de México dos escalas: autoeficacia (EAE) y empoderamiento (EE) durante el climaterio. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de febrero a julio de 2011, en dos clínicas de medicina familiar en la Ciudad de México. Adaptación a través de pruebas piloto para comprensión lingüística; validación de constructo mediante análisis de factores con factorización del eje principal y rotación oblimin; estimación de la consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach (AC). Resultados. Participaron 380 mujeres de 45 a 59 años. EAE tenía 16 reactivos con cuatro factores: participación en la relación médico-paciente; control sobre salud mental y cambios sexuales; riesgo de morir de cáncer y otros riesgos de salud, que explicaron 39.8% de variabilidad; AC= 0.84. EE: ocho reactivos con un factor que explicó 47.1% de variabilidad; AC= 0.83. Conclusión. Ambas escalas poseen características psicométricas aceptables para utilizarlas en intervenciones para mejorar el autocuidado de la salud durante el climaterio.
Iron, zinc, copper and magnesium deficiencies in Mexican adults from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006
Authors: Mejía-Rodríguez Fabiola , Shamah-Levy Teresa , Villalpando Salvador , García-Guerra Armando , Méndez-Gómez Humarán Ignacio
Published: January 2017

Objective. To describe the prevalence of serum iron and zinc deficiencies and low serum concentrations (LSC) of copper and magnesium in Mexican adults. Materials and methods. Blood samples from subjects (≥20 years, both genders) participating in the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used to measure the serum concen- trations of s-ferritin, soluble-transferrin-receptor (s-TfR), zinc, copper, and magnesium. Results. The prevalence of s-ferritin≤12ug/L was 18.1 and 3.6% while s-TfR>6mg/L was 9.5 and 4.4%, for females and males, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 33.8% females and 42.6% males; LSC of copper were 16.8 and 18.2%, and 36.3 and 31.0% for magnesium, for females and males, respectively. Conclusions. The prevalence of deficiencies in iron (in females), and zinc are still high in the adult population. LSC of copper and magnesium are published for the first time and show significant prevalence of deficiencies. Corrective actions are necessary in order to diminish these nutritional deficits in the Mexican population.
Profesionales necesarios para brindar servicios de prevención y promoción de la salud a población adulta en el primer nivel
Authors: Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth , Bärnighausen Till , Nigenda-López Gustavo , Velasco-Mondragón Héctor Eduardo , Sosa-Rubí Sandra Gabriela
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Estimar los recursos humanos (RH) para brindar acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud a la población de 20 años o más en unidades de primer nivel de atención (UPA). Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 20 UPA, una urbana y otra rural, por cada uno de los diez estados seleccionados de la República mexicana. Los RH se estimaron en función del tiempo para realizar actividades de prevención y promoción de la salud, y con ellos se calculó el presupuesto requerido para su financiamiento. Se reportaron medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, utilizando el test ANOVA y la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados. El número de profesionales de salud estimados en la UPA con el tiempo utilizado es menor que el estimado con el tiempo requerido. Conclusiones. La densidad estimada de profesionales de salud por habitante para realizar acciones de prevención y promoción de la salud en la población de 20 años o más es mayor que la densidad actual de profesionales de salud en las UPA.
Valores de hemoglobina en mujeres embarazadas residentes en zonas de altitud media
Authors: Jatziri Gaitán-González Mercedes , Echeverría-Arjonilla Juan Carlos , Vargas-García Carlos , Camal-Ugarte Sergio , González-Camarena Ramón
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la concentración de hemoglobina materna durante el embarazo en mujeres que residen en zonas de altitud media y compararlo con el reportado para poblaciones con y sin suplemento de hierro. Material y métodos. Valores hematológicos de 227 mujeres embarazadas, residentes a 2 240 metros de altitud (Ciudad de México), sin complicaciones  obstétricas ni perinatales y recibiendo suplemento de hierro, fueron comparados con valores de referencia para mujeres embarazadas de otras altitudes. Resultados. Durante el primer y segundo trimestre, los valores de hemoglobina en nuestra población fueron similares a los observados en poblaciones con y sin suplemento de hierro (p mayor que 0.05). Durante el tercer trimestre, los valores fueron similares únicamente a los de poblaciones sin suplemento de hierro (p mayor que 0.05). Conclusiones. No obstante recibir hierro suplementario, el comportamiento de la concentración de hemoglobina durante el embarazo en mujeres residentes de la altitud media es similar al reportado para poblaciones sin hierro suplementario.
At the edge of individual cognitive-behavioural policies: how to walk the public health path to effectively improve population health?
Authors: Cabieses Baltica
Published: January 2017

Most countries worldwide have recognised the significance of contextual social determinants of health (SDH) on population health. This essay challenges current public health views focused on individual risk-factors and motivates an evidenceinformed debate in this matter. I argue that despite both international consensus and a growing body of evidence to support the relevance of addressing such more distant SDH through public policies, most governments remain focused on the modification of individual health-risk behaviours like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, heavily fatted diets and lack of physical exercise. Decades after following this same policy path, many countries have not achieved the expected reduction in rates of health-risk behaviours, and some have even experienced an increase in these risky behaviours over time. Policies addressing contextual SDH might take longer to implement, but could be more effective in the long-run, as structural modifications promote more sustainable changes to a larger proportion of the population.
Hemoglobin AIc: A reliable and accurate test for diabetes care? A prospective study in Mexico
Authors: González-González José Gerardo , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez René , Lavalle-González Fernando Javier , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Taméz-Pérez Héctor Eloy  , González-Saldívar Gerardo , Villarreal- Pérez Jesús Zacarías
Published: January 2017

Objective. To compare the concordance correlation coeffi- cient for HbAlc results in an in-field experience. Materials and methods. A prospective study in Monterrey, Mexico from April to August 2012 was conducted to evaluate the day-to-day clinical situation when measuring HbAlc. Blood samples from 38 consecutive patients were sent to seven local laboratories and one international reference labora- tory. Results. Poor concordance was found in 4 out of 7 laboratories, moderate in 2 out of 7, and significant in just one. HbAlc values from three laboratories fluctuated more than 1% above or below the reference laboratory in more than 30% of cases, and more than 2% in 10%-20% of subjects. Conclusions. Standardized HbAlc measurement has not occurred worldwide. Physicians should be aware of this issue and be cautious of HbAlc guidelines on diabetes diagnosis or management until proper standardization programs are implemented.
Low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia between 1981 and 2010 in Chilean women of childbearing age
Authors: Ríos-Castillo Israel , Brito Alex , Olivares Manuel , López-de Romaña Daniel , Pizarro Fernando
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine the prevalence of anemia and iron status among Chilean women of childbearing age between 1981 and 2010. Materials and methods. Calculation of the prevalence of anemia and iron status was based on multiple cross-sectional iron absorption studies performed in 888 women during this period of time. All studies included measurements of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, zinc protoporphyrin, percentage of transferrin saturation and serum ferritin. Data were grouped by decade (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). Results. Prevalence of anemia for these decades was 9, 6 and 10%, respectively (p=NS). Iron deficiency anemia was the main cause of anemia in all periods (55, 85 and 75%, respectively; p=NS). A high prevalence of women with normal iron status was observed for all periods (64, 69, and 67, respectively; p=NS). Prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia in 1981-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 was 7, 20 and 12%, respectively (p<0.05). Finally, prevalence of iron depleted stores was 20, 6 and 10%, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Chilean women of childbearing age was mild between 1981 and 2010. More than 60% of childbearing age women presented normal iron status in all periods. However, prevalence of iron depleted stores was moderate during 1981-1990, and was mild during 1991-2000 and 2001-2010.
Screen time in Mexican children: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012)
Authors: Janssen Ian , Medina Catalina , Pedroza Andrea , Barquera Simón
Published: January 2017

Objective. To provide descriptive information on the screen time levels of Mexican children. Materials and methods. 5 660 children aged 10-18 years from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012) were studied. Screen time (watching television, movies, playing video games and using a computer) was self-reported. Results. On average, children engaged in 3 hours/day of screen time, irrespective of gender and age. Screen time was higher in obese children, children from the northern and Federal District regions of the country, children living in urban areas, and children in the highest socioeconomic status and education categories. Approximately 33% of 10-14 year olds and 36% of 15-18 year olds met the screen time guideline of ≤2 hours/day. Conclusions. 10-18 year old Mexican children accumulate an average of 3 hours/day of screen time. Two thirds of Mexican children exceed the recommended maximal level of time for this activity
Sweetened beverages intake, hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. The Mexico City Diabetes Study
Authors: López-Molina Rubén , Parra-Cabrera Socorro , López-Ridaura Ruy , E González-Villalpando María , Ferrannini Ele , González-Villalpando Clicerio
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relation with intake of sweetened beverages (SB) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in low income urban Mexican population. aterials and methods. A cross-sectional analysis of The Mexico City Diabetes Study, a prospective population-based investigation (1 173 participants) was performed. We used logistic egression, adjusted by pertinent variables. We determined prevalence of hyperuricemia and explored associations of uric acid levels with MS and intake of SB. Results. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 26.5 and 19.8% in males and females respectively. In an djusted multivariate model, body mass index, waist circumference,and triglyceride were higher as uric acid quartiles increased (p<0.005-0.001). The odds ratio for MS was 1.48 for 3rd uric acid quartile and 2.03 for 4th quartile. Higher consumption of SB was associated with higher uric acid levels (p<0.001). Conclusion. Prevalence of hyperuricemia is high. Potential association with intake of SB, resulting in metabolic altera- tions should be considered.
Human rights and immigrants’ access to care
Authors: Parmet Wendy , Fischer Simon
Published: January 2017

Although the human right to health is well established under international law, many states limit non-citizens’ participation in public insurance programs. In the United States, immigrants face especially high barriers due to the lack of recognition of a broad right to health as well as federal statutes restricting many immigrants’ eligibility to federally-funded insurance. High rates of uninsurance among immigrants have a detrimental effect on their health, as well as on the health of citizens who live in their communities. Finch vs. Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector, a recent case decided by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, recognized the rights of legal immigrants in Massachusetts to state-supported health care, and demonstrates the importance of insuring immigrants in broadly-based, rather than immigrant-specific, programs.
Análisis de costo-beneficio: prevención del VIH/sida en migrantes en Centroamérica
Authors: Alarid-Escudero Fernando , G. Sosa-Rubí Sandra , Fernández Bertha , Galárraga Omar
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Cuantificar los costos y beneficios de tres intervenciones de prevención del VIH en migrantes en Centroamérica: consejería y pruebas voluntarias, tratamiento de infecciones de transmisión sexual y distribución de condones. Material y métodos. Este estudio se basa en información proveniente de 11 estaciones de tránsito, ubicadas en las fronteras de cinco países que fue recolectada en el período de marzo de 2007 a marzo de 2009 e incluye datos de atención a pacientes en temas de VIH/sida. El número total de registros recibidos de personas con ITS y que recibieron consejería y pruebas rápidas voluntarias (CPV) es de 3 210 y 4 917 individuos, respectivamente. El análisis de costo-beneficio se realizó en tres etapas: a) identificación y cuantificación de costos; b) cuantificación de beneficios (ahorros potenciales en terapia antirretroviral por casos prevenidos de VIH) y c) estimación de la razón costo-beneficio. Resultados. El modelo estima prevención  de 9, 21 y 8 casos del VIH por CPV, TxITS y distribución de condones por cada 10 000 migrantes, respectivamente. En Panamá la distribución de condones y TxITS tienen un retorno de US$131/USD y US$69.8/USD, respectivamente. En El Salvador, los retornos son de US$2.0/USD y US$42.3/USD en CPV y distribución de condones, respectivamente. Conclusión. Los ahorros potenciales por prevención varían entre países. Las estimaciones de costo-beneficio sugieren que los programas de prevención del VIH en países centroamericanos representarían ahorros monetarios a largo plazo.
Acceso a servicios de prevención de its y vih en trabajadoras sexuales en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica
Authors: Leyva-Flores René , Quintino-Pérez Frida , Figueroa-Lara Alejandro , Cuadra Magali , Smith Dee , García Carmen
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Analizar el acceso a servicios preventivos de ITS/VIH en trabajadoras sexuales en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica. Material y métodos. Estudio cuasi experimental en una muestra no aleatoria de 558 trabajadoras sexuales, en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica con y sin intervenciones relacionadas con información sobre derechos humanos, comportamiento sexual, acceso a información sobre prevención/transmisión, condones, pruebas de vih, anticoncepción, atención médica y uso de condón. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para identificar factores asociados con el uso de condón. Resultados. Las trabajadoras sexuales de comunidades con intervención presentaron mayor acceso a información preventiva (99 vs 87%), condones (98 vs 75%), pruebas de VIH (89 vs 61%), anticonceptivos (74 vs 65%), servicios ginecológicos (83 vs 57%) y mayor posibilidad –3.9 (IC:1.2-12.7)– de usar condón con clientes respecto a las que no tuvieron intervención. Conclusiones. Las diferencias observadas deben considerarse en un marco relacionado con características socioculturales y de movilidad poblacional en contextos fronterizos, así como de organización de los servicios de salud.
Infecciones de transmisión sexual. Perfil de atención en zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica (2007-2010)
Authors: Serván-Mori Edson , Leyva-Flores René , Heredia Ileana , García-Cerde Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

Objetivo. Analizar el perfil de atención por infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en centros de salud de zonas fronterizas de Centroamérica durante el periodo 2007-2010. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal en una muestra de 3 357 pacientes. Se capacitaron médicos y se suministraron medicamentos, condones y pruebas de VIH (paquete básico de atención [PBA]). Se analizaron las características sociodemográficas de los participantes y su asociación a la recepción del PBA. Resultados. De la muestra, 66.0% tuvo de 25 a 59 años, 93.2% era mujer. El síndrome más frecuente fue el flujo vaginal asociado con candidiasis, vaginosis bacteriana, trichomoniasis y gonorrea. De las prescripciones, 60% siguió recomendaciones internacionales. Sólo 10.2% recibió el PBA. La probabilidad de recibirlo fue menor en mujeres. Conclusiones. No basta con incrementar las capacidades de provisión de servicios para modificar las prácticas de atención. Éstas se encuentran enraizadas en el contexto sociocultural. Destacan prácticas médicas diferenciadas por género que influyen negativamente en la atención.
Systematic review of HIV prevalence studies among key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Meihack Miller William , Buckingham Lindsay , Sánchez-Domínguez Mario Salvador , Morales-Miranda Sonia , Paz-Bailey Gabriela
Published: January 2017

Objective. This systematic review aims to synthesize articles, abstracts and reports of HIV prevalence studies conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Materials and methods. Authors searched online databases and collected gray literature on HIV prevalence among MSM and FSW from LAC. Year, location, sampling methodology, study design, sample size, HIV prevalence and confidence intervals were abstracted. Results. A total of 73 studies, dating from 1986 to 2010 were included. The median prevalences for MSM and FSW were 10.6% (interquartile range: 7.4-17.4) and 2.6% (IQR: 0.6-4.2), respectively. Variability was high, especially for MSM. The majority of studies recruited participants using convenience methods. Conclusion. HIV prevalence among MSM was higher than that among FSW. Sampling techniques should be standardized for future studies, prioritizing probability methods.
Incidence of type 2 diabetes in Mexico. Results of The Mexico City Diabetes Study after 18 years of follow-up
Authors: González-Villalpando Clicerio , Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto , Zamora-Macorra Mireya , Trejo-Valdivia Belem , González-Villalpando María Elena
Published: January 2017

Objective. To estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population. Materials and methods. Population based prospective study. At baseline (1990), the population at risk (1939 non-diabetic adults 35-64 years) was evaluated with oral glucose tolerance test. Subsequent similar evaluations were done (1994, 1998, 2008). American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria were applied. Re­sults. The period of observation was 27842 person-years, the cumulative incidence of T2D was 14.4 and 13.7 per 1000 person-years for men and women, respectively. Incidence was 15.8, 15.7 and 12.7 per 1 000 person-years for the second (1994), third (1998) and fourth (2008) follow-up phases, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 44 years for prevalent cases and 56 years for incident cases. Conclu­sions. This is the first estimate of long-term incidence of T2D in Mexican population. The incidence is among the highest reported worldwide. It remained with few changes throughout the study period.
Anthropometric parameters’ cut-off points and predictive value for metabolic syndrome in women from Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Mora-García Gustavo José , Gómez-Camargo Doris , Mazenett Enrique , Alario Ángelo , Fortich Álvaro , Gómez-Alegría Claudio
Published: January 2017

Objective. To estimate anthropometric parameters’ (APs) cut-off points and association for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was car­ried out with a total of 434 adult women from Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, in 2012. APs measured were waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Cut-off points were estimated by a receiver op­erating characteristic curve (ROC). Logistic regression was applied to estimate possible associations. Results. Cut-off points for WC, BMI, BAI, WHR and WHtR were 85 cm, 28 kg/m2, 39%, 0.80 and 56, respectively. Only WHtR was associated to MetS (OR=1.11, CI95% [1.07-1.15]). Conclu­sion. WC cut-off point was higher than those proposed for Latin-American women by the Joint Interim Statement (JIS). WHtR had a low predictive value for MetS.