bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changes on Physicochemical Properties of Red Bean (Vigna angularis) After Pre-Treatments with High Temperature and High Pressure
Authors: Sun Juntao , Zhang Zhichao , Wang Deguo , Xiao Fugang , Zhi Wenli , Li Xuejin , Hu Jinhui
Published: February 2023

This study is to develop a technology for processing red bean (Vigna angularis), and to make red bean becoming a preconditioned grain product for fast cooking. Red bean was subjected to a pre-precondition treatment with high temperature and high pressure. The nutritional composition,
color, starch structure and texture of the processed red beans were studied. The treatments led to color change and increased the starch and protein contents of red bean, while the lipid content of the treatment red bean was found to be reduced. The precondition process shortened the cooking
time of red beans by 2.6 times, while it still retained the structural integrity of the red beans. A significant change in textural properties (hardness, gumminess and chewiness) after precondition treatment was observed. The result from this study will be the basic supports for further developing
the precondition technology of grain products.
Evaluation of right atrial function by two-dimensional echocardiography and strain imaging in patients with RCA CTO recanalization
Authors: Blessing Recha , Drosos Ioannis , Münzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip , Gori Tommaso , Dimitriadis Zisis
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The right heart is mainly supplied with blood by the right coronary artery (RCA). The impact of RCA chronic total occlusion (CTO) on the function of the right heart [right atrium (RA) and ventricle (RV)] and whether successful recanalization of a RCA CTO improves the function of the right heart is not clearly understood yet. We aimed to evaluate right atrial function after recanalization of the RCA using transthoracic echocardiography with additional strain imaging.

Methods and results

Fifty-five patients undergoing RCA CTO recanalization at the University Medical Center of Mainz were included in the study. Right atrial strain was assessed before and 6 months after successful CTO revascularization. The median age of the total collective was 66 (50–90) years. We did not find difference in our analysis of RA Volume (p 0.086), RA area (p 0.093), RA major dimension (p 0.32) and RA minor dimension (p 0.139) at baseline and follow-up. Mean RA reservoir strain at baseline was 30.9% (21.1–43.0) vs. 33.4% (20.7–47.7) at follow up (p < 0.001). Mean RA conduit strain was − 17.5% (− 10.7–(− 29.7)) at baseline vs. − 18.2% (− 9.6–(− 31.7)) at follow-up (p = 0.346). Mean RA contraction strain was − 12.9% (− 8.0- (− 21.3)) at baseline vs. − 15.5% (− 8.7–(− 26.6)) at follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Right atrial function was altered in patients with RCA CTO. Successful revascularisation of an RCA CTO improved RA function assessed by strain imaging at follow-up.
Developing a predictive nomogram for colposcopists: a retrospective, multicenter study of cervical precancer identification in China
Authors: Xue Peng , Seery Samuel , Wang Sumeng , Jiang Yu , Qiao Youlin
Published: February 2023

Background

Colposcopic examination with biopsy is the standard procedure for referrals with abnormal cervical cancer screening results; however, the decision to biopsy is controvertible. Having a predictive model may help to improve high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse (HSIL+) predictions which could reduce unnecessary testing and protecting women from unnecessary harm.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study involved 5,854 patients identified through colposcopy databases. Cases were randomly assigned to a training set for development or to an internal validation set for performance assessment and comparability testing. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to reduce the number of candidate predictors and select statistically significant factors. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to establish a predictive model which generates risk scores for developing HSIL+. The predictive model is presented as a nomogram and was assessed for discriminability, and with calibration and decision curves. The model was externally validated with 472 consecutive patients and compared to 422 other patients from two additional hospitals.

Results

The final predictive model included age, cytology results, human papillomavirus status, transformation zone types, colposcopic impressions, and size of lesion area. The model had good overall discrimination when predicting HSIL + risk, which was internally validated (Area Under the Curve [AUC] of 0.92 (95%CI 0.90–0.94)). External validation found an AUC of 0.91 (95%CI 0.88–0.94) across the consecutive sample, and 0.88 (95%CI 0.84–0.93) across the comparative sample. Calibration suggested good coherence between predicted and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis also suggested this model would be clinically useful.

Conclusion

We developed and validated a nomogram which incorporates multiple clinically relevant variables to better identify HSIL + cases during colposcopic examination. This model may help clinicians determining next steps and in particular, around the need to refer patients for colposcopy-guided biopsies.
Primary lymphoma of the lumbar vertebrae: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Safaei Saeid , Azimi Parisa , Yazdanian Taravat , Molanaei Saadat
Published: February 2023

Background

Primary lymphoma of the spinal vertebrae (PLSV) is an exceedingly rare disease with an unclear optimal treatment plan. We analyzed the clinical features of PLSV in the patient to strengthen our understanding of the disease and to review the literature.

Case presentation

A 65-year-old Persian man was admitted to our hospital with severe low back pain. The patient underwent radiological examinations including computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These examinations revealed a lesion in the L3 vertebra. Histological analysis showed a high-grade lymphoma. The patient underwent an L3 corpectomy with expandable cage placement, followed by an L2–L4 lateral screw placement with rod fixation. Also, facetectomy, laminectomy, and total spondylectomy were performed. Pedicle screws were inserted from L1 to L5. Titanium mesh was placed on the post-laminectomy defect. The treatment continued with local radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Post-treatment, the patient showed no new neurological deficit, and in the final follow-up, the patient had achieved a good recovery.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, no prior published literature has revealed a primary lymphoma of the lumbar vertebrae. Here, we report this case of PLSV for the first time and provide a brief review of the literature.
Novel Plastic Hinge Element for Seismic Performance Assessment of RC Bridge Columns with Lap Splices
Authors: Kim Tae-Hoon , Eum Ki-Young , Shin Hyun Mock
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a nonlinear analysis procedure for evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns with lap splices using a novel plastic hinge element considering shear deformation. To accurately assess the inelastic behavior of RC bridge columns, reliable three-dimensional (3D) constitutive models are required. However, developing a 3D nonlinear material model is difficult and computationally intensive. In this study, to address these issues, a new plastic hinge element considering shear deformation for RC bridge columns is developed. The new plastic hinge element is based on the Timoshenko beam theory and utilizes two-noded zero length element with six degrees of freedom. The finite element model was implemented in a computer program named Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology (RCAHEST) developed by the authors. The developed plastic hinge element for seismic performance assessment of RC bridge columns with lap splices was validated through comparison of the numerical and experimental results.
Enhanced Endosomal Signaling and Desensitization of GLP-1R vs GIPR in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Manchanda Yusman , Bitsi Stavroula , Chen Shiqian , Broichhagen Johannes , Bernardino de la Serna Jorge , Jones Ben , Tomas Alejandra
Published: February 2023

The incretin receptors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), are prime therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. They are expressed in pancreatic beta cells where they potentiate insulin release in response to food intake. Despite GIP being the main incretin in healthy individuals, GLP-1R has been favored as a therapeutic target due to blunted GIPR responses in T2D patients and conflicting effects of GIPR agonists and antagonists in improving glucose tolerance and preventing weight gain. There is, however, a recently renewed interest in GIPR biology, following the realization that GIPR responses can be restored after an initial period of blood glucose normalization and the recent development of dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonists with superior capacity for controlling blood glucose levels and weight. The importance of GLP-1R trafficking and subcellular signaling in the control of receptor outputs is well established, but little is known about the pattern of spatiotemporal signaling from the GIPR in beta cells. Here, we have directly compared surface expression, trafficking, and signaling characteristics of both incretin receptors in pancreatic beta cells to identify potential differences that might underlie distinct pharmacological responses associated with each receptor. Our results indicate increased cell surface levels, internalization, degradation, and endosomal vs plasma membrane activity for the GLP-1R, while the GIPR is instead associated with increased plasma membrane recycling, reduced desensitization, and enhanced downstream signal amplification. These differences might have potential implications for the capacity of each incretin receptor to control beta cell function.
Audit
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya , Efremova Elena , Kurochkina Irina
Published: February 2023

The textbook contains such relevant sections as audit activity and its regulation, information technology, big data and analysis in audit, state audit, which provides an understanding of the general and differences between audit as a type of entrepreneurial activity and state audit as financial control over the use of budgetary funds, and also considers the specifics of professional standards, principles of professional ethics and their application in practice.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students enrolled in programs whose curricula include the disciplines of audit and financial control. It can be used in the system of additional professional education and advanced training.
Clinical immunology and allergology
Authors: Zemskov Vladimir , Zemskova Veronika , Mironov Andrey , Suchkov Sergey
Published: February 2023

The textbook "Clinical Immunology and Allergology" covers modern data on the phenomena, mechanisms of development, physiological changes in immunological reactivity, metabolic immunity, as well as on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of immunodeficiency, allergies, immunosuppressive and immunoassociated non-infectious and infectious diseases. It consists of eight sections, 33 chapters, intermediate and final control tests, an electronic handbook of methods for assessing immune status, infections, immunotropic, antiallergic and other medications.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of medical universities and faculties.
Technological equipment. Metal cutting machines
Authors: Sibikin Mihail , Chernenko A.N. , Voronkin Yuriya
Published: February 2023

The textbook discusses and describes the technological equipment of machine tool construction: metalworking machines; standard mechanisms and devices for machine tools; purpose, device, kinematics, adjustment of machines of various groups and types; multipurpose and aggregate machines; precision equipment; automatic lines; flexible production module; flexible production system; testing of machines; indicators of the technical level and reliability of technological equipment; diagnostics of machine systems.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational education institutions. It can be useful for professional training of technicians and craftsmen.
Fundamentals of the functioning of the hotel industry
Authors: Ageshkina Nataliya
Published: February 2023

In this textbook, the basic foundations of the functioning of the hotel industry are considered (the concept of the hotel industry, its subjects, objects and participants; trends in the development of the hotel industry and its relationship with the hospitality industry; the concept, forms of organization and conduct of hotel activities; the concept, signs and types of hotel services; the basics of legal regulation of hotel activities; classification, criteria of consumer the choice and organizational structure of accommodation facilities; the basis of the legal status of the subjects of the hotel industry and the specifics of their activities; aspects related to the staff of accommodation facilities and the requirements imposed on them).
Special attention is paid to the study of the features of the provision of hotel services (contractual relations of accommodation facilities with tour operators; specifics of concluding and implementing a contract for the provision of hotel services; informing consumers of hotel services; nuances of the technological process of hotel services).
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for study by students receiving secondary vocational education in the specialties 43.02.14 "Hotel business" and 43.02.10 "Tourism". It can be recommended for training in other specialties, within the framework of which the study of certain aspects in the field of the hospitality industry is provided, as well as to subjects whose activities are directly related to the organization and conduct of the hotel and tourism business.
Contradictions of media globalization: political economic and socio-cultural aspects
Authors: Sapunov Vladimir , Horol'skiy Viktor , Zvereva Ekaterina , Korochenskiy Aleksandr
Published: February 2023

The textbook analyzes the patterns in the evolution of the media sector of world culture from the point of view of a comprehensive review of modern media. New phenomena in the system (module) of global mass media are characterized, achievements of foreign experience are correlated with Russian reality. The regularities of the evolution of a variety of media phenomena and facts are described, which at first glance represent a kaleidoscope of random, but in fact are an expression of what is characteristic of the world's mass media. An important role in the study is played by the political economic method, which allowed us to clearly characterize the main trends in the development of the modern media system: monopolization, financialization and tightening of media management.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students and postgraduates of journalism faculties in the study of disciplines: "Modern foreign media", "Modern media systems", "Philosophical foundations of Science and modern journalism", "International Relations and Journalism", "Modern communication theories", "Western Communication Studies", "History of Mass media", as well as for graduate students and students, studying economics, political science, cultural studies, sociology, law.
Financial and banking management
Authors: Radyukova Yana , Sutyagin Vladislav , Dorozhkina Natal'ya , Cherkashnev Roman , Chernyshova Oksana , Fedorova Alena , Zenchenko S.V. , Treschevskiy Yu.I.
Published: February 2023

The textbook outlines the course of modern banking and financial management. Practical material (situational tasks) is used to facilitate the assimilation of the proposed course. Covers the experience of the best domestic and foreign publications.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational educational institutions in order to train specialists in the specialties 38.02.06 "Finance", 38.02.07 "Banking".
Historical politics
Authors: Bagdasaryan Vardan , Bushuev Vladimir , Orlov Igor' , Resnyanskiy Sergey
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the book is determined by the growing demand on the part of the state and society for the formation of the state historical policy of Russia. The spread of anti—Russian historical myths, including revisionist myths regarding the history of the Second World War, issues of patriotic education of Russian citizens, the need to form a common civil identity - all this actualizes the state's targeted appeal to the problems of history, which was reflected in the relevant amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The textbook reveals the basic foundations of the methodology, techniques and content of the formation of historical policy, summarizes the world and Russian experience of its implementation. The problematic agenda, challenges and threats for Russia related to the perception and interpretation of the past both at home and abroad are reconstructed.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
The presented textbook is aimed at use in the university educational process in preparation for bachelor's and master's degree courses on 03/41/04 and 04/41/04 "Political Science", but can be used in the training of historians and history teachers.
Corporate Finance
Authors: Kukukina Irina , Makarova Anastasiya , Astrahanceva Irina , Malkova Tat'yana
Published: February 2023

The textbook contains the basics of the theory, methodology and practice of making managerial decisions on corporate finance in a market economy. The conceptual foundations of the neoclassical theory of finance, methods and tools for making financial decisions in the long and short periods of the corporation's life, in bankruptcy conditions are revealed. It allows you to acquire the necessary competencies for choosing the structure and cost of financing sources, managing financial results, evaluating the effectiveness of investments in real and financial assets, evaluating business, financial controlling.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of Master's degree in Economics and Management, as well as for accounting and controlling specialists, financial managers of corporations.
Organization of bakery products production
Authors: Postnikova Evgeniya , Bogdanov A.
Published: February 2023

The textbook provides basic information about the classification of bakery products, their nutritional value. The characteristics of raw materials, their preparation for production are considered, the processes occurring during storage, their role in the preparation of dough are described. Modern methods of dough preparation, including accelerated ones, their hardware and technological schemes are described.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is addressed to students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the specialty 43.02.15 "Cooking and confectionery business", as well as in other specialties of the vocational school, preparing confectioners, cooks and technologists in the field of public catering.
Osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes
Authors: Olenovych Olha , Zukow Walery
Published: February 2023

In order to clarify the peculiarities of the osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes mellitus (DDM), studies were conducted on 54 sexually mature non-linear male white rats, in which DDM was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan solution (Alloxan monohydrate, "Acros Organics", Belgium) at a dose of 160 mg/kg of body weight after a previous 12-hour food deprivation with preserved access to water. 10, 25, and 45 days after the introduction of the diabetogenic substance, 24 alloxan-diabetic rats, as well as 30 control (intact) animals, were loading with tap water in a volume of 5% of body weight, urine was collected for 2 hours, euthanasia was performed by decapitation under light ether anesthesia. In blood samples, the level of glucose and creatinine was determined, in urine samples, after evaluating the water-induced 2-hour diuresis (in ml/100 g of body weight in 2 hours), the concentration of creatinine was determined, the clearance of endogenous creatinine, the clearance of osmotically free water, as well as relative (tubular) reabsorption of water, determined the content of glucose, urea, its excretion, including per 100 μl of glomerular filtrate, as well as urine osmolarity.
The results of the study allow us to state that as the duration of experimental diabetes is prolonged, the pathogenetic significance of hyperfiltration, which determines the speed of fluid movement along the tubule and the intensity of its absorption, weakens in relation to the processes of osmotic concentration of urine, yielding to other factors, such as the osmolarity of the medulla of the kidneys, as well as the presence of substances in the liquid of the distal segment and collecting tubes, the reabsorption of which can change their concentration in the collecting tubes as the urine progresses. In diabetes, in addition to glucose, such substances include urea. Attempts to analyze the renal excretion of urea revealed that changes in its urinary concentration are definitely correlated with the dynamics of changes in urine osmolality. Moreover, it can be assumed that urea transport disorders in the diabetic kidney occur earlier than the ability to excrete osmotically active substances in general. A joint study of the processes of renal transport of urea and urine osmolarity can serve as an early verifier of tubulointerstitial damage. Nevertheless, to increase the reliability of the interpretation of the features of the osmotic concentration of urine in diabetes, we consider it necessary to study the nature of the renal transport of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and ammonium).
Wilson’s disease - a current approach to diagnostics and treatment. A literature review
Authors: Licak Gabriela , Bętkowska Paulina , Olko Paweł , Żuchnik Magda , Rybkowska Agnieszka , Tomkiewicz Julia , Radulski Jakub , Sałata Piotr , Szczuraszek Paulina , Szczuraszek Hugo
Published: February 2023

Introduction and purpose
Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism. Its global genetic prevalence is estimated at around 1:30 000. However, in the case of many patients, it takes a long time to make a diagnosis, which delays introducing the right treatment. 
This review aims to gather current knowledge about clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Wilson’s disease.
Material and methods
This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed database, using the following keywords:  „Wilson’s disease”, „Wilson’s disease treatment”, „Wilson’s disease Pathogenesis”, and “Wilson’s disease Diagnosis”.
ConclusionsThe diagnosis of Wilson’s disease is often delayed due to the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Screening of family members of people affected with Wilson’s disease can speed up the diagnosis in yet asymptomatic patients.Raising awareness about Wilson’s disease and diagnosing patients before the onset of serious symptoms may bring earlier diagnosis and improvement in the patient’s quality of life.
Superfoods and their role in disease prevention
Authors: Szklarz Magdalena , Bielak Alicja , Gryta Jakub , Radziejowska Zuzanna , Iwan Karolina , Kalicka Maria , Kolasa Agata , Janczewska Martyna , Krysa Tomasz , Ferschke Anna
Published: February 2023

Introduction and purpose
Functional food also known by the term “superfoods” are rich in bioactive compounds with specific biological properties and due to that beneficial effects within the human body. Nowadays chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity and cancer are increasingly common in the population. Therefore the need to support treatment but also reduce the risk of these diseases in the first place increases as well. This is the reason for the great interest and growing trend in the consumption of superfoods, especially in Europe and the United States. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the impact of selected superfoods on human health.
State of knowledge
Superfoods are considered nutrient-dense and rich in bioactive compounds that are beneficial for physical and mental health. Antioxidant activity is one of the most important properties for human health improvement. This activity is scavenging free radicals, thus preventing the development of various degenerative diseases. Today, more and more products are considered superfoods. Fruits, the examples of superfoods which will be discussed in this work, are well-available and require no heat treatment therefore incorporating them in one's diet seems to be an easy way to improve health as a consequence.
Summary
The potential beneficial role of superfoods is considered in health promotion and even preventing the development of diseases. However, this can only be possible if superfoods are part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.
The following article is a review of current knowledge and data available in publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases related to correlation between selected superfoods consumption and disease prevention.
Hypnotic suggestion for the treatment of tinnitus
Authors: Suvorkina Alisa , Suvorkin Oleksandr
Published: February 2023

Aim of study. Considering the high spreading of tinnitus in population, the purpose of our research was to study the possibility and expediency of using hypnosuggestive therapy in treatment of tinnitus.
       Material and methods. The study included 55 people with tinnitus complaints. We divided three groups of patients depending on the severity of the manifestations, audiometry results, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score according to this scale of severity, results of GAD-7 test and the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire -9).   Results. In the first group of patients, according to the tinnitus severity scale the score was up to 19 points and was considered as insignificant and mild. The score of the GAD-7 questionnaire was less than 8 points, PHQ-9 - up to 5 points. In the second group the severity of tinnitus was moderate and severe and counted more than 38 points. The GAD-7 questionnaire score was less than 8 points, PHQ-9 - up to 5 points. In the third group, 12 people complained of chronic tinnitus, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and reduced work capacity. The score of tinnitus severity in patients of this group was more than 58 points and was assessed as severe and catastrophic. According to the results of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires, all 12 people were diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression, two parients even had suicidal thoughts.  In the third group of patients with +++ hypnotability, after ten sessions of individual hypno-suggestive therapy, it was possible to reduce the severity of tinnitus to the third moderate degree in 7 people. 4 patients reported about complete regress of tinnitus.
   Conclusions. Tinnitus is a common problem and can negatively affect work, family and social life. It requires the individual approach and involvement of specialists of various profiles in the diagnostic process. The diagnostic algorithm for patients with tinnitus should include questionnaires to estimate the psychosomatic profile. The use of hypno-suggestive therapy can significantly reduce the severity of tinnitus and improve the quality of lives of patients.
Inflación y COVID-19: un ejercicio para Colombia
Authors: Caicedo-García Edgar , Sarmiento-Sarmiento Jesús Daniel , Hernández-Ortega Ramón
Published: February 2023

La pandemia del covid-19 alteró el patrón de consumo de los hogares a nivel mundial. Estos cambios no los incorpora el Índice de Precios al Consumidor (IPC) porque dicha medición se basa en una canasta fija de bienes, lo cual podría estar subestimando la inflación en Colombia. En este documento se hace un ejercicio utilizando una estructura de ponderaciones alternativa para evaluar los cambios que podría presentar el cálculo en el IPC durante el periodo de la pandemia. Los resultados muestran que los precios al consumidor estarían aumentando más rápido de lo que indican las medidas del IPC con ponderaciones fijas.
Estimación de demanda y simulación de concentraciones horizontales: el caso de Coca-Cola y AdeS en Argentina
Authors: Benítez Leandro , Coloma Germán
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo utiliza una metodología de estimación de demanda basada en un modelo logit anidado, en el cual los diferentes productos pertenecen a distintos ‘nidos’. Con base en los parámetros estimados, pueden simularse los efectos competitivos de las operaciones de concentración que involucran a dos o más productos y obtener una predicción acerca de los posibles cambios en los precios y en las cantidades comerciadas de dichos productos. El método expuesto es aplicado para evaluar los efectos de una concentración horizontal entre Coca-Cola y AdeS sobre el funcionamiento del mercado argentino de jugos listos para beber (RTD).
The stakiosa and essential fatty acids biochemical changes in soybean tempeh (Glycine max) during fermentation process.
Authors: TRIWIBOWO RULLY , ANDRIANI M.A.M. , ARIVIANI SETYANINGRUM
Published: February 2023

Triwibowo R, Andriani M.A.M., Ariviani S. 2016. The stakiosa and essential fatty acids biochemical changes in soybean tempeh (Glycine max) during fermentation process. Bioteknologi 13: 34-41. Soybean tempeh is a food that is known by the people of Indonesia. It is known to have levels of stakiosa which causes flatulensi lower than soybean. It is also known to have levels of essential fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and linolenic), which is higher than soybean. This study aims to determine changes in levels of stakiosa and essential fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and linolenic) during the fermentation process. The determination of stakiosa used High Performance Liquid Chromatography method (AOAC 1999). The determination of essential fatty acids include oleic acid, linoleic, and linolenic used Gas Chromotograpy method (Park and Goins 1994). This research are expected to provide an alternative optimal fermentation time observed from the lowest level of stakiosa and the high level of essential fatty acid. The results showed that stakiosa levels of soybean tempeh decreased over the longer fermentation. The percentage of the highest decrease level of stakiosa found in 24 hours fermentation. While changes in level of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in soybean tempeh fermentation for 96 hours has the same pattern. The lowest level of essential fatty acids found in 48 hours fermentation time and the highest in 96 hours fermentation.
Kishida's Climate Policy and Opportunities for U.S.-Japan Cooperation
Authors: Tiberghien Yves
Published: February 2023

executive summary: This essay summarizes key trends and drivers in Japan's climate policy, with an emphasis on the acceleration of commitments and policies that has taken place during the Suga and Kishida cabinets, and reviews the policy implications. main argumentJapan's climate policy development has been dominated by a technocratic policy triangle that includes the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; politicians within the dominant Liberal Democratic Party; and industry. This triangle has generated cautious policymaking characterized by gradualism and a focus on the long-term viability of existing industrial assets. However, the acceleration of climate policy under the Suga and Kishida governments of the last two years has been driven by political leadership in response to both competition in East Asia and overtures from the Biden administration. Most crucially, Japan's stepped-up commitments include a comprehensive vision of economic and energy security that views the current competition over green technology in the Indo-Pacific as crucial for future economic competitiveness. Under the Green Transformation (GX) strategy, industrial policy is back. policy implications
• Energy security and industrial competitiveness are driving the new Japanese approach to climate policy. In the context of a tighter geopolitical environment in the Indo-Pacific area, this approach opens more avenues for cooperation with key allies and partners. • The Kishida cabinet is emphasizing several key policy sectors: solar energy, nuclear energy revival, ammonia and hydrogen innovation in combination with continued clean coal use, and electric vehicles. • Japan's climate policy approach will have a strong focus on innovation, competition, and industrial renewal, focusing as much on the supply side as the demand side.
The Next Flashpoint? China, the Republic of Korea, and the Yellow Sea
Authors: Mastro Oriana Skylar
Published: February 2023

executive summary: This article evaluates China's strategy in the Yellow Sea by synthesizing relevant discourse, interests, capabilities, and behavior through an analysis of Chinese sources and the compilation of an original dataset of Chinese military activities in these waters. main argumentChina's Yellow Sea strategy has received less scholarly and policy attention than its approaches to the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and the Indian Ocean. However, China has significant economic and strategic reasons to prioritize its presence in these waters, including ongoing sovereignty disputes with the Republic of Korea (ROK). Chinese military exercises in the Yellow Sea have increased in recent years, with gray-zone activities playing a distant, secondary role to traditional military exercises. Moreover, China's propaganda approach has been relatively limited and moderate, and thus there is still time to shape Beijing's thinking and approach to these waters. policy implications• While Chinese maritime ambitions are arguably more limited in the Yellow Sea than the South and East China Seas, China's expanding military capabilities and subsequent uptick in military activity demand a greater policy focus there. • The U.S. should pursue a proactive hedging strategy toward China in the Yellow Sea. This could entail seeking cooperation with Beijing to address shared security threats, like North Korean WMD proliferation, while also preparing to respond strongly if China's ambitions change or if it begins a more extensive coercive campaign for exclusive control of these waters. • The U.S.-ROK alliance should adapt to China's increasing activities in the Yellow Sea by increasing joint monitoring, contingency planning, and consultations about the degree to which the alliance covers the protection of ROK forces, aircraft, and civilian vessels operating in the sea.
The Russia–South Korea Relationship after Russia's Invasion of Ukraine and Implications for the U.S.-ROK Alliance
Authors: Rinna Anthony V.
Published: February 2023

executive summary: This essay examines the potential for shifts in Russia's strategy toward the Korean Peninsula in light of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and South Korea's reaction. main argumentFor nearly 30 years, Russia has pursued a strategy of "diplomatic equidistance" toward the Korean Peninsula. By striving to maintain relatively balanced ties with both North and South Korea, the Kremlin has attempted to preserve a degree of influence on its eastern periphery in Northeast Asia, which is largely dominated by the U.S. and China. Pyongyang's and Seoul's respective responses to Russia's military aggression in Eastern Europe, however, have opened the possibility that Moscow could shift toward a strategy that favors North Korea over South Korea. policy implications• Should Russia decide to pursue closer ties with North Korea at a time when Russia–South Korea relations have cooled, the Kremlin may find that supporting the North could increase its influence in Northeast Asia as well as present a challenge to the U.S. Nevertheless, Moscow would also risk losing the limited influence on the Korean Peninsula it has acquired as a result of its equidistance strategy. • South Korea faces a period of uncertainty in relations with Russia since the invasion of Ukraine. While it is unlikely that Moscow and Seoul will enact the economic cooperation that they had previously envisioned, South Korea may hope to salvage ties with Russia to improve the balance on the Korean Peninsula. Yet with increased fears that North Korea–Russia relations may strengthen, South Korea has reason to be skeptical of cooperation. • The U.S. will need to be prepared for several possible developments in terms of Russia's standing on the Korean Peninsula. Should South Korea elect to try to preserve cooperation with Russia, this may cause a further rift in the U.S.–South Korea alliance. If Moscow doubles down on its relationship with Pyongyang, Seoul and Washington will need to be prepared to jointly address such a development with implications for the Northeast Asian subregion and Russia-U.S. ties.
Balancing against China with Confidence: Australia's Foreign Policy toward China in 2020–22
Authors: Xue Ye
Published: February 2023

executive summary: This article examines how Beijing's economic sanctions on Australia have encouraged Canberra to double down on its balancing strategy toward China. main argumentWith the relationship already under pressure, political discord between Australia and China was exacerbated in April 2020 by Australia's call for an independent investigation into the origins of the Covid-19 virus. In response, Beijing has since targeted several Australian industries with economic sanctions, using economic coercion to express its hostility toward Canberra's actions. Far from causing Australia to acquiesce to Beijing's preferences, however, China's economic coercion has perversely empowered Canberra and given it confidence to shore up the country's influence in the Indo-Pacific area and balance against China on both conventional and new fronts. At the same time, the source of this confidence may not be sustainable, and balancing should not be the only feature of Australia's policy toward China or preclude efforts to reset the relationship. policy implications• China is not a strategic competitor to Australia, and Australia's strategic interests cannot be achieved without a functioning, constructive relationship with China. Diplomacy, reassurances, and cooperation must also accompany other efforts to balance China. • To attain a bilateral relationship with China that benefits Australia's overall national interest, the Australian government should carefully manage the diplomatic signals it sends to guide China's expectations of Australia, and it should at the same time manage its own expectations of China. • Australian policymakers should improve their understanding of the psychological makeup of Chinese leaders and their strategic culture to help avoid misconceptions and misunderstandings in China's motives and foreign policies and to better interpret signals from Beijing aimed at thawing the relationship.
India's Economic Decoupling from China: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Verma Raj
Published: February 2023

executive summary: This article argues that, for India, economic decoupling from China in the aftermath of the 2020 Galwan Valley clash that led to casualties on both sides is difficult in the short to medium term and is detrimental to the Indian economy. main argumentIndia's recent attempts at economic decoupling—attempts to reduce its economic dependence on China—have so far failed as evidenced by an increase in bilateral trade in 2021 relative to 2019 and 2020. Economic decoupling from China is infeasible in the near to medium term because the Chinese economy is deeply intertwined with the Indian economy. It will be expensive, and in some cases impossible, to replace China as a supplier in economic value chains. Moreover, reducing imports from China or restricting Chinese investment does not greatly hurt or punish China because its exports to and investments in India are a very small proportion of its global exports and investments. On the contrary, restricting investments from China into India will damage India much more than it will China. Chinese investments in India can play an important role in enhancing economic growth in the post-pandemic period by creating employment, strengthening the manufacturing sector, improving infrastructure, and increasing exports under Indian government's Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan ("self-reliant India campaign"). policy implications• Economic decoupling will not restore the status quo ante on the disputed border. • India should focus on enhancing exports and improving market access in China to reduce its trade deficit. • Since Chinese enterprises intend to stay in India and there will always be security concerns regarding Chinese investments in the country, it is imperative for India to develop transparent and rational protocols to increase Chinese investments in a sensible and secure manner. • The Indian government should realize that protectionism is not a solution for the country's economic and political problems and instead undertake further economic reforms to boost national economic growth.
Synthesis and Characterization of Physically Mixed V2O5.CaO as Bifunctional Catalyst for Methyl Ester Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Mulyatun Mulyatun , Istadi Istadi , Widayat Widayat
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of the solid bifunctional vanadium-calcium mixed oxides catalyst was accomplished by application of a simple physical mixing approach. In this work, we compared the catalytic activity of CaO and 2%V2O5.CaO catalyst. Various characterization methods, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET surface area, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 and NH3, were involved in studying the newly synthesized catalysts. The presence of CaO, CaCO3, and Ca(OH)2 compounds in the synthesized catalyst were detected by XRD and FTIR analysis. The existence of 2% V2O5 on the CaO catalyst surface was demonstrated by XRF analysis. From TPD-NH3, TPD-CO2, and BET surface area analysis, it was known that the 2% V2O5-CaO catalyst had a higher total number of acid-base sites and surface area than the CaO catalyst. In the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production from waste cooking oil (WCO) with higher free fatty acid (FFA), CaO could only catalyze the transesterification reaction. In contrast, 2%V2O5-CaO could successfully catalyze both the esterification of FFA and the transesterification of triglyceride (TG) simultaneously in a one-step reaction process. Thus, these results prove that 2%V2O5.CaO can act as a bifunctional catalyst in the production of biodiesel from WCO. Moreover, the synthesized 2%V2O5.CaO catalyst could achieve a maximum FAME yield of 51.30% under mild reaction conditions, including a 20:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, 1 wt% of catalyst loading, and 3 hours of reaction time.
Literature Review: Analysis Of Students' Cognitive Style And Affection In Strengthening Essay Writing Malay Language In Primary School
Authors: Perumal Pushpavali , Husin Mohd Razimi , Nachiappan Suppiah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the student's cognition and affective styles in Malay essay writing. The study sample involved 40 Year 5 students to be interviewed and 2 teachers to be interviewed. A total of 40 original student written texts were studied and analyzed and 12 students were interviewed to obtain data and transcribed into study texts. The text of this study was analyzed using the Hermeneutic method to interpret the study findings. The findings of the study show that excellent and good students can apply the style of cognition, affect and past experience in essay writing while average students face difficulties in practicing the style of cognition, affect and past experience in essay writing. In conclusion, affect as an internal element helps generate knowledge among students. Affective reactions can develop students cognitively to produce a good essay. When the affective reaction is disrupted, the failure to extract information about an essay title from the student's subconscious will affect the student's thinking. The implication of this study for students and teachers is to be able to realize the importance of affective and cognitive styles in writing karanagan BM whether in the excellent, good, and average categories.
Problems and Prospects of High Employee Turnover in Kurdistan Hospitality Sector
Authors: Agwu Mba Okechukwu
Published: February 2023

The paper discussed problems and prospects of high employee turnover in Kurdistan hospitality sector. It assumes that organizational factors such as commitment, engagement, satisfaction and compensation could affect employee turnover in Kurdistan hospitality sector. The research question addressed the extent to which low wages, poor working conditions, communication barrier between management and staff and lack of employee training/development contributed to high rate of employee turnover in the Kurdistan hospitality sector. The core aspect of the study is the use of cross-sectional survey research design in generating the required primary data. The place of study is Kurdistan hospitality sector while the duration of study is between December 2021and November 2022. A sample of 364 (75 managers, 1319 supervisors and 1857workers) respondents determined at 5% level of significance for sample error, using Yamane’s formula was selected from a population of 4,000 employees in Kurdistan hospitality sector using stratified random sampling method for the purpose of questionnaire administration. The results indicated that low wages, poor working conditions, communication barrier between management and staff and lack of employee training/development contributed to a large extent to high rate of employee turnover in Kurdistan hospitality sector. It therefore recommends among others: change in work-life balance, effective talent management, better employee reward, employee mentoring and effective communication as strategies of reducing high
employee turnover in Kurdistan hospitality sector.
Custom Law Regulations for Foreign Traders in the Kingdom of Buton: A Study Based on Manual Texts "Sarana Sabandara" or "Sarana Jurubasa"
Authors: Niampe La , Syahrun . , Sensu La , Aso La , Laniampe Hasdairta
Published: February 2023

This research is entitled "Customary Law Regulations for Foreign Traders in the Kingdom of Buton". This research aims to describe and analyze the customary law regulations for foreign traders in the Kingdom of Buton as contained in the texts of "Sarana Sabandara" or "Sarana Jurubasa". Through philological studies, it can be seen that the texts of "Sarana Sabandara" or "Sarana Jurubasa" describe several customary law regulations in the Buton Kingdom that foreign traders must know and obey in the territory of the Buton kingdom. According to Buton's customary law regulations, officials authorized to take care of foreign traders in the Buton Kingdom were Sabandara officials and Jurubasa officials.