bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptación de la selvicultura de Eucalyptus sp. en el norte y el suroeste españoles: Estimación de parámetros relativos a la radiación solar
Authors: Corral-Pazos-de-Provens Eva , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel , Basurco F. , Canuto Amaral G. , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises , Pérez-Cruzado César , Rapp-Arrarás Igor , Rodríguez-Soalleiro Roque , Ruiz-Fernández Federico , Vallejo-Orti Miguel , Domingo-Santos Juan Manuel
Published: January 2025

La producción de madera de eucalipto en la Península Ibérica presenta cifras importantes dentro del sector forestal. En España, con 525 000 ha en el Norte y 210 000 ha en el Suroeste, se obtiene una producción bruta de 7,6·106 m3 de madera en rollo, con fijación anual de 8,4·106 t de CO2 en la biomasa de los eucaliptales, las especies de mayor relevancia económica maderera. Eucalyptus globulus está extensamente representado en N y SO, E. camaldulensis en el S, y E. nitens se ha convertido en otra especie importante en el N en las últimas décadas. Estas especies presentan diversas amplitudes ecológicas frente a parámetros como sequía, temperaturas o suelos. Se pretende analizar la repercusión del cambio climático (CC) en el desarrollo, o incluso la compatibilidad con la presencia de las masas de eucaliptos de interés comercial, para adaptar su selvicultura a los cambios que se van produciendo.
Los modelos empíricos de crecimiento y producción, basados habitualmente en curvas de calidad de estación, pierden fiabilidad por la evolución fuera de la normalidad de los parámetros ambientales, por ello acudimos a modelos fisiológicos o modelos híbridos, adaptables a los cambios. Estos modelos estiman las variaciones productivas y la supervivencia futura de los eucaliptales; también se espera que proporcionen modelos de selvicultura adaptada a la evolución climática de cada sitio, en cuanto a especies escogidas, espaciamiento, turno o fertilización.
Para la parametrización de los modelos se están obteniendo las variables ambientales y dasonómicas de las zonas actuales de plantaciones de especies de Eucalyptus; una variable relevante en los modelos es la radiación solar, evaluable con herramientas SIG si se conoce la irradiación global horizontal, la transmisividad atmosférica y la ratio de irrad.difusa/irrad.global. Se presentan metodología y resultados del cálculo de estos tres parámetros para las zonas de estudio, utilizando la información del Photovoltaic Geographical Information System.
Aproximación inicial a un índice de gestión forestal aplicado a los modelos silvícolas de Galicia
Authors: Lestido Cardama Yago , Pérez Cruzado César , Diéguez Aranda Ulises , González López Santiago
Published: January 2025

Según la FAO (2020), la gestión forestal abarca todos aquellos aspectos administrativos, jurídicos, técnicos, económicos, sociales y ambientales que son necesarios para el uso y conservación de los bosques. Esta diversidad en cuanto a los factores que la constituyen hace que sea de difícil cuantificación, siendo considerada tradicionalmente como una variable categórica, que en muchos casos toma únicamente dos niveles: gestión vs. no gestión. Sin embargo, hay determinados usos para los que se requiere una cuantificación más detallada, como son el dimensionamiento de los recursos humanos necesarios para implementar la gestión planificada en un territorio, la optimización del nivel de intervención que asegura la maximización de la provisión de un bien o servicio ecosistémico, o la determinación de los esquemas silvícolas más adecuados para aquellas partes del territorio donde existe una menor capacidad de gestión. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido diseñar un índice que permita cuantificar la intensidad de gestión de los sistemas forestales y evaluar su utilidad empleando como caso de estudio los modelos silvícolas de la Xunta de Galicia (2021). El índice se basa en tres factores: la intensidad y frecuencia de cortas, los inputs económicos y el tiempo dedicado por el gestor. Se han considerado estos factores por su vinculación con las intervenciones humanas realizadas sobre las masas forestales y por su complementariedad. El índice ha permitido caracterizar la intensidad de gestión forestal en base a parámetros cuantificables, a pesar de mostrar una discordancia perfecta con los preestablecidos en el caso de estudio empleado.
Las quemas prescritas como herramienta de la selvicultura adaptativa: el caso de los pinares de Pinus nigra en el sistema Ibérico
Authors: Espinosa Juncal , Guijarro Mercedes , Hernando Carmen , Carrillo Cristina , De la Cruz Ana Carmen , Díez Carmen , Madrigal Javier
Published: January 2025

En la cuenca mediterránea, las proyecciones relativas al cambio climático señalan un incremento de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas y un aumento de las olas de calor y sequías extremas que, en relación con los incendios forestales, implican un incremento del riesgo, intensidad y severidad de los mismos. Por ello, la selvicultura adaptativa al cambio climático debe preparar las masas forestales para minimizar el daño causado por el fuego y maximizar su capacidad de recuperación. En este contexto, la aplicación del fuego prescrito constituye una herramienta de gran utilidad para la modificación del combustible forestal, de modo que se reduzca la severidad de los posibles incendios y se incremente la resiliencia de las masas arboladas. En este estudio, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de quemas prescritas en pinares puros y mixtos de Pinus nigra ssp salzmanii del sistema Ibérico, llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas del año. Tras las quemas, se está realizando un seguimiento de sus efectos sobre el arbolado (desfronde, daño en el cambium, crecimiento, daños bióticos) y sobre el bioma del suelo. Siete años después de la realización de las primeras quemas, el seguimiento de los resultados permite valorar sus efectos sobre los aspectos considerados, y obtener conclusiones prácticas para el uso del fuego prescrito como herramienta preventiva válida para la selvicultura encaminada a la adaptación al cambio climático. El trabajo realizado ha puesto asimismo de manifiesto la importancia de la conexión entre la ciencia y la gestión para la prevención de incendios forestales.
Young people are less supportive of democracy and more tolerant of a wide range of undemocratic practices
Authors: Bordeleau Jean-Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Recent scholarship has highlighted growing concerns about the erosion of democratic norms and values, particularly among younger citizens. This research agenda remains ambiguous, however, especially regarding the extent to which young people’s democratic disconnect results in a shift towards undemocratic politics. In this research, I rely on a multi-method approach to examine differences in democratic attitudes across age groups. Using observational and experimental data, I provide robust cross-national evidence that younger citizens’ support for democracy is substantially lower than older citizens. Building on these findings, I further demonstrate that youth are far more tolerant of a wide range of undemocratic practices and democratic norm violations. Lastly, I present the results of a conjoint experiment which confirms that younger citizens have significantly lower preferences for democratic societal attributes when compared to their older counterparts. Substantively, these findings contribute to a growing literature on the vulnerability of consolidated democracies to younger peoples’ shifting attitudes towards democratic institutions and norms.
Self-Leadership Practices and Beliefs in Nonprofit Organizations: Differences Between Leaders and Non-Leaders
Authors: Dunaetz David Robert , Gobrail Mark , Howard Jaye , Lord Jasmine , Yun Jaimie C.
Published: January 2025

Self-leadership theory predicts that specific self-leadership practices will enable individuals to better accomplish their goals. However, little is known about the role that these practices play in conventional leadership (leading or influencing others). This study compares leaders to non-leaders (N = 318) in nonprofits and examines both the extent to which self-leadership practices are employed and the strength of beliefs concerning their importance. Leaders practiced self-goal setting (d = .47) and self-observation (d = .45) more than non-leaders. Non-leaders practiced more self-reward (d = .33) and self-punishment (d = .37) than leaders. The only differences in belief concerning the importance of the self-leadership practices were due to leaders believing self-goal setting (d = .46) and self-observation (d = .36) were more important than non-leaders did. If self-leadership practices contribute to leadership effectiveness or emergence, this study indicates that goal setting and self-observation (monitoring progress toward goals) may contribute positively to the leadership of others whereas self-reward and self-punishment may contribute negatively. Self-leadership may not be as important to the leadership of others as is often claimed or implied. This is the first study to look at how self-leadership practices differ between leaders and non-leaders.
Regularized cross-sectional network modeling with missing data: A comparison of methods
Authors: Falk Carl F. , Starr Joshua
Published: January 2025

Many applications of network modeling involve cross-sectional data of psychologicalvariables (e.g., symptoms for psychological disorders), and analyses are often conductedusing a regularized Gaussian graphical model (GGM) employing a lasso, alsoknown as the graphical lasso or glasso. Appropriate methodology for handling missingdata is underdeveloped while using glasso, precluding the use of planned missingdata designs to reduce participant fatigue. In this research, we compare three approachesto handling missing data with glasso. The first resembles a two-stage estimationapproach—–borrowed from the covariance structure modeling literature—–wherebya saturated covariance matrix among the items is estimated prior to using glasso. Thesecond and third approaches use glasso and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithmin a single stage and either use EBIC or cross-validation for tuning parameterselection. We compared these approaches in a simulation study with a variety of samplesizes, proportions of missing data, and network saturation. An example with datafrom the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System is also provided.The EM algorithm with cross-validation performed best, but all methods appeared to beviable strategies under larger samples and with less missing data.
A decomposition of observation scores across various sources to better understand what contributes to scores
Authors: White Mark
Published: January 2025

Systematized, observational approaches to measuring teaching quality are an important tool in research and practice. Termed observation systems, these approaches include a rubric that operationalizes a set of teaching quality constructs and structures to support rater training and monitoring. Scores from observation systems, through their interpretation as capturing the intended teaching quality constructs, are used to develop theoretical understandings of teaching quality. This paper explores what factors contribute to observation scores in a secondary analysis of the Understanding Teaching Quality project. Leveraging calibration data, I combine mixed-effects regression analyses of calibration data that examine rater accuracy (i.e., deviations from master scores) with analyses of operational data to explore the extent to which raters, students, teachers, and the teaching context contribute to scores. These analyses highlight that (1) some rater error may be invisible in typical analyses examining rater agreement; (2) rater error is largely systematic; and (3) differences in student composition across schools largely explain between-school differences in scores. These results highlight potential biases in estimates of score reliability and validity coefficients that might exist in studies that model rater agreement rather than rater accuracy and/or that fail to consider differences in between-teacher and between-school variation in observation scores.
Derivation of the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation from first principles
Authors: Lipovka Anton A. , Andrianarijaona Vola , Davis Colton
Published: January 2025

In present work, the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation is obtained from first principles. Within the framework of the applied approach, there is no need to postulate the existence of wave functions, nor to axiomatically introduce values of coefficients of the equation. The equation is derived on an adiabatically variable manifold, locally described by the Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric and with complete electrodynamics constructed on it. In this case, the transverse electromagnetic field is quantized due to the adiabatic change in the metric tensor, and the Planck constant is an adiabatic invariant of the transverse electromagnetic field propagating over the adiabatically changed manifold. Following this approach, the wave functions appear in the equations in a natural way (they are eigenfunctions of corresponding the Sturm-Liouville problem) and these are the eigenfunctions where the function of the transverse electromagnetic field is expanded. For this reason, the axiomatic introduction of wave functions, as well as the postulation of the values of the coefficients in the equation are no longer required. This makes obvious both the physical meaning of the equation itself and quantum mechanics as well.
Parallel Models of Reading and Numerical Cognition
Authors: Borkenhagen Matthew James Cooper , Hall Garret , van Dijk Wilhelmina , Chow Jason
Published: January 2025

Reading and math are related due to many codeveloping skills. Historically, theorizing in these two areas has progressed separately, despite well-documented empirical evidence for a range of shared underlying developmental processes subserving these learning domains. The purpose of this paper is to describe the links between the Triple Code Model, an influential model of numerical cognition, and the Triangle Framework, a dominant model of learning to read. We describe several parallels between the theoretical models and discuss how the cognitive mechanisms posited by the Triangle Framework might be used to understand the commonalities in learning processes across these learning domains In particular, we discuss how the cognitive mechanisms implemented in the Triangle Framework can be used to understand linguistic aspects of numerical cognition, specifically, learning the connections among numerals (e.g., 24) and words (e.g., twenty-four), and linking those to semantic representations of magnitude. Following from these commonalities between the two models, we discuss several ways that interdisciplinary work integrating both models can benefit math cognition research.
Adoption of the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines within health psychology and behavioural medicine journal policies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toomey Elaine , Coyne Rory , Derksen Christina , Grant Sean , Jones Christopher Martin , Kijowska Marta , McNeill Ilona , Naughton Felix , O'Mahony Aoife , Norris Emma
Published: January 2025

Scientific journals play a crucial role in promoting open science. The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines identify a range of standards that journals can adopt to promote the verifiability of the research they publish. We evaluated the adoption of TOP standards within health psychology and behavioural medicine journal policies, as this had not yet been systematically assessed. In a cross-sectional study on 19 health psychology and behavioural medicine journals, eight raters evaluated TOP standard adoption by these journals using the TRUST journal policy evaluation tool. Out of a total possible score of 29, journal scores ranged from 1 to 13 (median = 6). Standards related to use of reporting guidelines and data transparency were adopted the most, whereas standards related to pre-registration of study analysis plans and citation of code were adopted the least. TOP guidelines have to-date been poorly adopted within health psychology and behavioural medicine journal policies. There are several relatively straightforward opportunities for improvement, such as expanding policies around research data to also consider code and materials, and reducing ambiguity of wording. However, other improvements may require a collaborative approach involving all research stakeholders.
“It’s really hard, and if other people say anything else, they’re lying”: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis on barriers and enablers to sustaining self-management behaviours after attending a self-management support intervention for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Carvalho Márcia , Dunne Pauline , Kwasnicka Dominika , Byrne Molly , Panel SUSTAIN TDM Public Advisory , McSharry Jenny
Published: January 2025

Attendance at self-management support interventions is associated with improved outcomes in people living with type 2 diabetes. However, people often struggle to sustain changes to self-management behaviours post-intervention. This review aimed to identify and synthesise qualitative research on barriers and enablers to sustaining type 2 diabetes self-management behaviours after attending a self-management intervention. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature studies. Using the “best fit” framework synthesis approach, data were deductively coded to the five behaviour change maintenance-relevant theoretical themes (maintenance motives, habits, resources, self-regulation, environmental and social influences) and 14 constructs identified by Kwasnicka and colleagues (2016). Data that did not fit these themes or constructs were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Eleven articles reporting on 10 studies were included. Twenty-eight barriers and enablers were coded to the five a priori themes. Five constructs were removed, and three new constructs and 12 sub-constructs were incorporated into an adapted framework. Barriers were most commonly coded to the themes self-regulation, resources, and environmental and social influences. Enablers were most commonly coded to the themes habits and maintenance motives. Six evidence-based recommendations for interventions to better support sustained engagement in self-management behaviours are outlined.
Transdiagnostic compulsivity is associated with reduced reminder setting, only partially attributable to overconfidence
Authors: Boldt Annika , Fox Celine A , Gillan Claire , Gilbert Sam
Published: January 2025

In the current study, we explored the behavioural and cognitive correlates of the transdiagnostic trait ‘compulsive behaviour and intrusive thought’ (CIT). CIT is associated with impaired metacognition, which in turn has been associated with cognitive offloading behaviours such as external reminder-setting that play a key role in fulfilling cognitive goals. In an online study (N=600) we investigated individual differences in compulsivity, metacognition, and external reminder-usage. Compulsive individuals had reduced preference for external reminders. This was partially, but not fully, attributable to their relative overconfidence. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence for an impaired confidence-action link: compulsive individuals used their metacognition to guide offloading just as much as their non-compulsive counterparts. Given the compensatory nature of cognitive offloading, our findings imply that compulsive individuals are at increased risk of inadequate external memory support. Along with transdiagnostic variation in the general population, this finding could also have implications for clinical conditions, such as OCD.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Everyday Moral Experiences
Authors: Murray Samuel , Jimenez-Leal William , Amaya Santiago , Silverstein Priya , Kekecs Zoltan , Chartier Christopher R. , Wan Max F , Blackall T , Salvador Cristina , Pfuhl Gerit , Montefinese Maria , Kocalar Halil Emre , Tome Natalia Lopez , Polemikou Anna , Davis William E. , Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Almohizea Monira Ibrahim , Şahin Seda Merve , Wendt Guilherme , Trémolière Bastien , Zheng Wang , Couto Cleno , Özdoğru Asil Ali , Becker Maja , Kunisato Yoshihiko , Vaidis David C. , Galindo-Caballero Oscar J. , Ross Robert M , Xia Ziqian , Zhang Minjun , Kusakabe Haruno , Sullivan Gavin Brent , Evans Thomas Rhys , Barzykowski Krystian , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Nettle Daniel , Godbersen Hendrik , Jiang Xiaoming , Yamada Yuki , Walker Bradley , Cervera-Torres Sergio , Rokosz Marta , Akkas Handan , Manley Harry , Liu Huanxu , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Du Hongfei , Puthillam Arathy , Hahn Lindsay , Stanley Samantha , Batres Carlota , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Wagstaff Danielle L , Janssen Steve M. J. , Jantus Candela I. , Khaoudi Ahmed , Lu Jackson G. , Wu Yang , Kowal Marta , Camargo Andrés , Grigoryan Lusine , Navajas Joaquin , Vezirian Kevin , Roussos Petros , Misiak Michał , Studzinska Anna , Ruiz-Fernandez Susana , Vatakis Argiro , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Park Joonha , Gichanga Ruth Wambui , Buchanan Erin Michelle , sumara  , Kękuś Magdalena , Giannouli Vaitsa , Mouhssine Lamya , Pieniak Michał , Anne Michele , SAHLI Fatima Zahra , GRATON Aurélien , Otieno Brian , Kurz Tim , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Ferreira Paulo RS , Roberts S. Craig , Gituma Benedict Ntinyari , Asekun Wakil Ajibola , Dixson Barnaby , Willis Megan , Oluyinka Ojedokun , Maganti Madhavilatha , Butt Muhammad Mussaffa , Hryniszak Weronika , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe Amélie , KARABABA Alper , Iqbal Zahida , Mubeen Arfa , wu liya , Arvanitis Alexios , Delfino Gisela , Millahibrahim Raisa , ASATSA STEPHEN , Jaan Ramsa , Kaffilardi Almira , Kleka Paweł , Farmer Harry , Guan Xie , Gao Yuan , Ojukwu Anthony , Sepehri Amir , Ondiek Emish O. , Schmidt Kathleen
Published: January 2025

Do people in different societies experience morality differently in everyday life? Using experience sampling methods, we investigate everyday moral experiences in a sample from 20 countries across 6 continents, thereby replicating and extending a large-scale study originally conducted in the United States and Canada. We aim to replicate key findings about the kinds of moral experiences people have, the relationship between such experiences and religious or political affiliation, how such experiences affect momentary feelings, and how such experiences influence moral behavior. An international sample enables us to assess the generalizability of these findings across different socio-cultural contexts.
The developmental trajectories of generalization and discrimination in reinforcement learning reflect multiple underlying cognitive processes
Authors: Chen Wei , Nakamura Aaron T. , Ding Jialing , Okada Naohiro , Koike Shinsuke , Yagishita Sho , Ishii Shin , Kasai Haruo , Yotsumoto Yuko , Cai Ming Bo
Published: January 2025

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to appropriately generalize past experiences to new scenarios. Organizing concepts into categories allows the brain to generalize learned stimulus-reward contingencies to new stimuli within the same category. However, when category membership does not fully predict associated rewards, the brain needs to balance generalizing values within categories and discriminating value differences among individual items. How do generalization and discrimination in reward learning develop throughout lifespan as semantic knowledge is gradually acquired? Using a probabilistic reward learning task with a hierarchical value structure organized by semantic categories, we found children can generalize values of stimuli based on semantic categories at least as early as three to four years old. Furthermore, age-related performance improvement is explained by a combination of increased decision certainty, decreased initial exploration, change in memory retention, and a reduced categorical learning rate.
Beliefs about What Disadvantaged Groups Would Do with Power Shape Advantaged Groups’ (Un)Willingness to Relinquish it
Authors: Kachanoff Frank , Sheehy-Skeffington Jennifer , Ho Arnold , Richeson Jennifer , Kteily Nour
Published: January 2025

Dominant groups often resist possible changes to the hierarchical status quo. Might such tendencies be partly rooted in negative—yet potentially malleable—meta-beliefs about how disempowered groups would use power if they gained control? We investigate these questions across three studies and eight independent samples (Total N = 7,460 analyzed responses) in the context of Black-White relations in the United States. Specifically, we examine White Americans’ meta-beliefs about whether Black Americans desire power to structure society into a hierarchy in which they are dominant versus to institute equality for all groups (i.e., meta-dominance beliefs). Across 6 cross-sectional sub-samples (Study 1, Samples A-F; N = 3,383), we developed and validated a measure of meta-dominance, and found that White Americans varied substantially in their beliefs about how Black Americans would use power. Critically, Whites’ meta-dominance beliefs were uniquely related to their opposition to policies empowering Black Americans as well as their support for efforts to maintain Whites’ position atop the social hierarchy, even when controlling for a range of relevant constructs. In two pre-registered experiments among White Americans (Studies 2-3; N = 4,077), one of which was a registered report, we tested two possible causal pathways that might explain this relation: (1) “Meta-Dominance Beliefs leads to Opposition to Black Empowerment” and (2) “Opposition to Black Empowerment leads to Meta-Dominance Beliefs”. We found evidence in support of the “Meta-Dominance Beliefs leads to Opposition to Black Empowerment” pathway, but not for the latter Opposition to Black Empowerment leads to Meta-Dominance Beliefs” pathway. We discuss our findings’ implications for theories of hierarchy-maintenance.
Is intense physical exercise detrimental for cognition? A novel approach based on subjective, behavioral and physiological responses to a cognitive effort to failure to failure
Authors: Holgado Darias , Leubaz Ludovic , Ruggeri Paolo , Borragán Guillermo , Luque-Casado Antonio , Bekinschtein Tristan , Sanabria Daniel , Place Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Background Most previous research has investigated whether performing a demanding cognitive task reduces the time a person can hold a subsequent physical effort. However, no previous research has investigated if performing an intense physical exercise reduces the time a person can complete a cognitive task with an adequate level of performance. The aim of this study was to assess the subjective, behavioral and physiological responses of performing an intense physical exercise on a posterior cognitive tak until failure.Methods In a pre-registered, within-participant experiment, 29 active participants performed a cognitive task until failure after either running to exhaustion at 90% maximal aerobic speed or walking for 10 minutes (control). Brain activity was recorded via EEG, brain complexity measured, and subjective experience assessed using the Temporal Experience Tracing (TET) method. ResultsPhysical exercise reduced maximal force capacity and increased perceived exertion compared to the control, highlighting significant workload differences. Cognitive task durations were 4755.8 s (95% CI: 3326.8–5107.8) and 4308.2 s (95% CI: 3902.9–5481.2) for control and experimental conditions, with no significant difference (BF10 = 0.329). Subjective experience analysis revealed two task-demand clusters, but time spent in these states was similar across conditions. Cognitive performance was better during phases of low perceived demands. Brain complexity decreased after maximal aerobic effort, suggesting a physiological shift, though cognitive performance and subjective feelings remained unaffected.ConclusionThere was no evidence that short intense physical exercise negatively affected participants' ability to sustain a cognitive effort to failure.
Foreign Language Learners Show a Kinematic Accent in Their Co-speech Hand Movements
Authors: Bosker Hans Rutger , Hoetjes Marieke , Hustin Doenja , Pouw Wim , van Maastricht Lieke
Published: January 2025

Humans typically move and vocalize in a time-synchronized fashion, aligning prominence-lending hand movements to acoustically emphasized syllables. This requires complex coordination. When speaking a foreign language, learners often place prominence on the wrong syllable in a word, which contributes to a noticeable foreign accent. In this pre-registered kinematic-acoustic study, we test whether a foreign accent is present in the timing of co-speech manual movements. Results demonstrate a ‘kinematic accent’ in Dutch learners of Spanish producing Spanish cognates (e.g., Spanish profeSOR - Dutch proFESsor). Dutch learners time the maximum extension of their co-speech movements closer to the prominent syllable in their native Dutch (i.e., on -fes), even when acoustically emphasizing the correct Spanish syllable (-sor). Conversely, when incorrectly acoustically emphasizing the Dutch syllable, the maximum extension of their hand movement is attracted to the Spanish target syllable. This reveals competing timing processes between movement and vocalization systems for foreign language learners, demonstrating that not only your spoken accent but also your co-speech manual kinematics can give away your native language.
The Consolidation of the Pharmaceutical Sector in the Global Economy: Growth, Influence, Deviations, and Marketing
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how the pharmaceutical sector has become one of the largest and most influential economic sectors of our time. It presents figures and information that support this claim and aims to elucidate the factors that contributed to such a rise. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, pharmaceutical industries have evolved from small entities - often family-owned and operating locally - to multinational corporations valued at hundreds of billions of dollars with global influence. However, beyond the discovery and diversification of drugs, increased demand, and expansion of production capacity, part of this evolution is underpinned by complex, and in some cases perverse, strategies prioritizing profit maximization over public and individual health. The findings of this study reveal that, over the past two decades, the sector's revenues have quadrupled, reaching 1.48 trillion dollars in 2022, an amount comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries such as Spain. The twenty largest companies in the sector have a combined market value of 3.5 trillion dollars and assets totaling 1.86 trillion, generating annual revenues of 820 billion and profits of 181.6 billion. For context, the assets of these companies alone are comparable to the GDP of all Sub-Saharan African countries. Companies, like Johnson & Johnson, have a market value exceeding the GDP of 184 nations. The study also examines and discusses questionable practices adopted by the pharmaceutical industry, including investing billions in lobbying and election financing, influencing regulatory agencies, financially supporting patient organizations, sponsoring authors of "Clinical Guidelines", manipulating and concealing drug research and tests, and directing massive investments to strengthen ties with prescribers, university hospitals, and academic institutions. Concrete examples of these actions are provided, backed by studies, data surveys, and court decisions, underscoring the alarming consequences of this reality. Lastly, the research analyzes pharmaceutical marketing as a primary sales boost strategy. Despite drugs not being ordinary commodities, susceptible to promotion under the lens of rampant consumption, companies invest billions annually in direct-to-consumer advertising. In the Brazilian context, the pharmaceutical sector stands out as one of the main investors in marketing. In recent years, several companies in the field have ranked among the highest individual advertising spenders. The emergence of digital marketing strategies driven by the internet, advanced algorithms, and social networks, combined with advertising campaigns harmful to public and collective health, underscore a concerning and challenging scenario.
The Mixed Subjects Design: Treating Large Language Models as Potentially Informative Observations
Authors: Broska David , Howes Michael , van Loon Austin
Published: January 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) provide cost-effective but possibly inaccurate predictions of human behavior. Despite growing evidence that predicted and observed behavior are often not interchangeable, there is limited guidance on using LLMs to obtain valid estimates of causal effects and other parameters. We argue that LLM predictions should be treated as potentially informative observations, while human subjects serve as a gold standard in a mixed subjects design. This paradigm preserves validity and offers more precise estimates at a lower cost than experiments relying exclusively on human subjects. We demonstrate–and extend–prediction-powered inference (PPI), a method that combines predictions and observations. We define the PPI correlation as a measure of interchangeability and derive the effective sample size for PPI. We also introduce a power analysis to optimally choose between informative but costly human subjects and less informative but cheap predictions of human behavior. Mixed subjects designs could enhance scientific productivity and reduce inequality in access to costly evidence.
Moving Beyond Precision: Adapting to New Measures of Learning via Improvisation in Music Education
Authors: Choi Sunny
Published: January 2025

This study explores the pedagogical impact of incorporating improvisation practices into the curriculum of Classical piano students in higher education. Drawing from Bourdieu’s social reproduction theory and the concept of habitus, the research investigates how intentional disruptions to students' ingrained Classical training can foster identity development, adaptability, and career readiness. The findings are based on a case study conducted at a Finnish music university, where three Classical piano students participated in weekly free accompaniment (FA) lessons focusing on improvisation with non-Classical repertoire as learning materials. The study highlights the challenges students faced when transitioning from their traditional emphasis on technicalmastery to a more flexible approach centered on exploration. Physical habits and dispositions that were deeply rooted in their Classical training served as both barriers and opportunities for growth. Over time, the students embraced improvisation to redefine learning, transitioning from a narrow focus on technical perfection to valuing adaptability. These findings reveal broader implications for higher education, particularly in preparing students for professional environments that demand flexibility and interdisciplinary expertise. The FA lessons facilitated a development in the students’ musical identity as pianists, enabling them to navigate the tension between their Classical foundations and the evolving demands of a competitive society. The study underscores the importance of integrating adaptive learning practices across disciplines to equip students with the soft skills necessary to thrive in an ever-changing professional landscape.
මුරගල: සංඥා නිරූපණය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක්
Authors: ආචාර්ය පූජ්‍ය පදියතලාවේ අමරවංශ හිමි
Published: January 2025

Arhat Mihidu and Sanghamitta Maharhat Theraniya came to Sri Lanka and created artworks.Sadakadapahana, Koravakgala, Muragala, architecture etc. are created. Just like patterns and animal figures were used to decorate Sadakadapahana, the Muragala is also decorated with animal figures. Decorative patterns and animals are used in these designs to convey an idea in symbolic form. The watchtower has several symbols and decorations. Among them, one can see Punkalasa, Dishapalaka figures, dwarf figures, lotus flowers, branches and leaves of trees, lion, cow, horse, elephant, dragon pantheon etc. The aim of the research is to find out what idea the creator has symbolized with these symbols. Research has taken it as a basis that the watchtower's decorations and symbolic images give instructions for success in worldly and transcendental life. The observational study method was specially used to collect the information. Also, primary source study and secondary source study were used. The descriptive analysis method, qualitative and meaningful analysis method were used to investigate the information. The research problem became whether the decoration and symbols of the watchtower conveyed an important idea. To inquire. The designer has presented Buddhist concepts with the decorations used on the watchtower. In addition to this, it was revealed that the watchtower was created for the purpose of protection, luck, blessing and welcoming guests.
Navigating the Dearth of English Braille Study Materials for Visually Impaired Undergraduates
Authors: Ranasinghe, R.M.S.K  , Weerasooriya.S.N.  , Nayanajith.K
Published: January 2025

Study materials play a crucial role in the education of English as a second language for both sighted and visually impaired learners. Undergraduates with visual impairment can use braille, audio, and screen reading study materials, with braille being particularly instrumental in developing reading and writing competence. This research explores the dearth of braille reading materials for visually impaired undergraduates in the acquisition of ESL. The objectives include examining this dearth of braille English study materials while proposing viable solutions. Employing a qualitative approach, the research involved interviews with two special needs instructors as well as thirty students, fifteen each with and without visual impairments, from the second and third-year batches at two state universities. A comparison of the reading materials used by these students revealed a contrast, with sighted students having Ample resources than the visually impaired. Despite both universities offering English instructors and audio study materials for blind students, there is an absence of textbooks in braille for English. Although braille question papers are provided for some students, it takes time to read as the braille material is bulky. For some, computers are provided instead of braille facilities. The study recommends enhancing facilities for visually impaired students, including the provision of textbooks, question papers, and handouts in braille. Additionally, specialized instructors proficient in braille can contribute to improving English as a second language proficiency among the visually impaired.
වනජිවීන් හා මිනිසුන් අතර ඇතිවන ගැටුම් වළක්වා ගැනීමට සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව යොදාගත් කෙම් ක්‍රම පිළිබඳ මානව විද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක්
Authors: ජී. ඒ. ඒ. එන්. ශ්‍රීශාන්
Published: January 2025

Since the beginning of human history, humans have been a part of the environment, interacting with plants and animals. Over time, this loss of connection has led to various conflicts between humans and animals. Various methods have been developed as part of human culture to prevent these conflicts. Among the traditional methods, techniques such as mechanical methods, medicinal control methods, biological control methods, Kem methods, etc. can be identified. Among these methods, Kem methods are unique in that cultural values have been embedded in those Kem methods. The lack of this traditional knowledge among the current people, the fact that new technological methods are only friendly to humans, and the fact that these methods are not sufficient, has led to the current conflict between wildlife and humans. This research aims to explore the methods built on traditional knowledge based on this problem. The two Grama Niladhari Divisions of Mariarawa and Okkampitiya in the Monaragala District were used as the study areas. Ten elders above the age of fifty were selected as the research sample through purposive sampling method and relevant data were collected using observation and structured interviews. The study rediscovered many traditional methods. These include the beliefs of the villagers, Manthra (spells), traps, the use of medicines, biological control methods and a variety of Kem methods. Among these, Kem methods are also used for other strategies such as various mechanical methods. Many of the traditional methods, including Kem methods, identified from the field of study and literary sources, were successful and had a scientific basis. It was concluded that traditional methods contain technological strategies that offer better and more effective solutions than modern techniques. Also, the researcher suggests that efforts to prevent and address the current acute human-wildlife conflicts in Sri Lanka by combining traditional knowledge with modern technology would be more effective. It is a good alternative to solve problems by filling the gaps in modern techniques.
Las otras luchas del campo de las y los defensores de los derechos humanos en México
Authors: Velasco Yáñez David
Published: January 2025

Velasco Yáñez, David. Las otras luchas del campo de las y los defensores de los derechos humanos en México. Además de las luchas estructurales y sistémicas, quienes defienden los derechos humanos enfrentan otras luchas de las que se habla menos, pero que producen efectos que es necesario tomar en cuenta para posibilitar espacios de diálogo que fortalezcan al movimiento de los derechos humanos en México.
Capítulo décimo tercero. Recapitulación
Authors: Manzano Vargas Jorge
Published: January 2025

Manzano Vargas, Jorge. Capítulo décimo tercero. Recapitulación. En su tesis, Jorge Manzano se propuso entender a Bergson desde Bergson mismo. Fue conquistando la comprensión profunda al entrelazar el estudio cuidadoso de sus obras con la escucha atenta de las severas críticas de sus antagonistas. Llegó a mostrar qué afirmó Bergson y las razones que subyacían en sus tesis unificando la primera mirada —originaria, comprensiva— y la crítica bergsoniana de la idea de la nada. Manzano sostiene que ambas vías, la primera positiva y la segunda negativa, se complementan y penetran toda la filosofía de este pensador francés. Con ello logró plenamente su propósito inicial, dejar abierto el campo a la discusión, pero en una perspectiva justa: una discusión sobre el auténtico bergsonismo, no sobre una falsificación.
The State as an institution for the implementation of the principles of social justice: Russian and German scientific points of view
Authors: Danilchenko Sergei Leonidovich
Published: January 2025

Economic development inevitably leads to a significant increase in inequality in the distribution of income and national wealth. Worryingly, inequality is growing year after year. Official data on inequality are underestimated, as the share of income hidden from taxation is at least twice as much as that shown in official statistics. The sharp increase in inequality was largely due to the transition to neoliberal policies that encouraged the monopolization of production to the detriment of wage labor positions and, to some extent, the participation of nation States in the global globalization of the economy. High income inequality will slow down any national modernization and generate further stratification of citizens. The proportion of excessive inequality between 10–20 percent of the rich and 80 percent of the poor and poor in the modern world is constantly growing.
Construction of automated transportation and storage complexes
Authors: Sal'nikova Nataliia Anatol'evna
Published: January 2025

The chapter examines various options for constructing automated transport and warehouse technological complexes. When raising the issue of increasing the productivity of a warehouse complex, many questions always arise, the qualified solution of which will determine the speed, cost and efficiency of processing a unit of goods. There are several ways to improve warehouse operations. The article provides a description and comparative characteristics of the organization of channel, network and rod automated transport and warehouse technological complexes.
Optimization of the transport and logistics model in the field of food wholesale
Authors: Kurdiumov Aleksandr Vasilevich
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the study lies in its practical focus on solving real management and financial problems that arise in the course of business activities of many trade organizations. After all, business analysis and optimization of the transport and logistics model is a critical issue that determines not only the success of the company, but also its long-term perspective on the market. In this study, the author set a goal to form, based on the studied theoretical sources and business analysis of the enterprise, recommendations for optimizing the transport and logistics model for AGROTORG LLC. A business analysis of the transport and logistics model of AGROTORG LLC was carried out, and measures were proposed to optimize the transport and logistics model. The object of the study is AGROTORG LLC. The subject of the study is the optimization of the transport and logistics model of the analyzed enterprise.
Adaptation and Transformation of Pesantren Education in Facing The Era of Muslim Society 5.0
Authors: Mutammam  , Anggraeni Dewi , Akhmad Afroni  , Sutrisno  , Aisyah Zubaidah  , Irfanullah Gumilar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the transformation of education in Pesantren Al Hikmah 02 Benda in facing the era of Society 5.0. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews with caregivers, teachers, administrators, and Santri, as well as through participant observation and documentation. Qualitative research analysis was strengthened by SWOT analysis to identify the potential of pesantren in facing new challenges in the era of Society 5.0. The results showed: a) The transformation of Pesantren Al Hikmah 02 refers to the principle of Al-muhafadzatu 'ala alqadimi alshalihi wa al akhdu bi al jadidi al ashlah; b) Transformation in the 4.0 era has an impact on the resilience and sustainability of the pesantren education system, by referring to the AGIL system (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Latency); c) The Three in One innovative curriculum is used as a strategy to answer the challenges of the era of Muslim Society 5.0. The Three in One curriculum innovation strategy can be a model for other Pesantren in facing the challenges of the digital era and industrial revolution. The transformation of Pesantren education while maintaining the values and traditions of Pesantren can contribute to the development of adaptive and sustainable Pesantren education.
Unusual Presentation of a Posterior Mediastinal Schwannoma Associated with Chest Pain, Cough, Hemoptysis and Dyspnia
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Manouchehr
Published: January 2025

Neurogenic tumors (NT) are the most common of posterior mediastinal tumors an 80% of all posterior mediastinal tumors are (NT). They originate from the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, or peripheral nerve roots. A schwannoma is a slow-growing, encapsulated, and benign neurogenic tumor. Fewer than 9% of schwannomas are located in the mediastinum. Posterior mediastinal schwannomas originate from neural crest cells and typically from the intercostal nerves. Mediastinal schwannomas are often asymptomatic but may present with unusual symptoms as cough or dyspnea and hemoptysis because of pulmonary invovovement. Although a definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopy can be used to help ite final diagnosis. We present a case of a benign posterior mediastinal schwannoma which present in CXR and computed tomography (CT) imaging as a cystic lesion in a 58-year-old woman who admitted to our hospital with back pain,cough,hemomptsis and dyspnea.