bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data-driven vibration-based bearing fault diagnosis using non-steady-state training data
Authors: Pichler Kurt , Ooijevaar Ted , Hesch Clemens , Kastl Christian , Hammer Florian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper presents the extension of an empirical study in which a universally applicable fault diagnosis method is used to analyse vibration data of bearings measured with accelerometers.
The motivation for extending the previously published results was to provide a profound analysis of the proposed approach with regard to a more feasible training scenario for real applications.
For a detailed assessment of the method, data were acquired on two different test beds: a gearbox test bed equipped with various bearings at different health states and an accelerated lifetime (ALT) test bed to degrade a bearing and introduce an operational fault.
Features were extracted from the raw data of two different accelerometers and used to monitor the actual health state of the bearings.
For that purpose, feature selection and classifier training are performed in a supervised-learning approach.
The accuracy is estimated using an independent test dataset.
The results of the gearbox test bed data show that the training of the method can be performed with non-steady-state data and that the same feature set can be used for different revolution speeds if a small decrease in accuracy is acceptable.
The results of the ALT test bed show that the same features that were identified in the gearbox test start to change significantly when the bearing starts to degrade.
Thus, it is possible to observe the identified features for applying predictive maintenance.
Optimising broadband pulses for DEER depends on concentration and distance range of interest
Authors: Scherer Andreas , Tischlik Sonja , Weickert Sabrina , Wittmann Valentin , Drescher Malte
Published: May 2020

Abstract. EPR distance determination in the nanometre region has become an
important tool for studying the structure and interaction of macromolecules.
Arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), which have recently become
commercially available for EPR spectrometers, have the potential to increase
the sensitivity of the most common technique, double electron–electron
resonance (DEER, also called PELDOR), as they allow the generation of
broadband pulses. There are several families of broadband pulses, which are
different in general pulse shape and the parameters that define them. Here,
we compare the most common broadband pulses. When broadband pulses lead to a
larger modulation depth, they also increase the background decay of the DEER
trace. Depending on the dipolar evolution time, this can significantly
increase the noise level towards the end of the form factor and limit the
potential increase in the modulation-to-noise ratio (MNR). We found
asymmetric hyperbolic secant (HS{1,6}) pulses
to perform best for short DEER traces, leading to a MNR improvement of up to
86 % compared to rectangular pulses. For longer traces we found symmetric
hyperbolic secant (HS{1,1}) pulses to perform
best; however, the increase compared to rectangular pulses goes down to 43 %.
Research on a medium-tracked omni-vehicle
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zhang Yunan , Li Nianyu , Shang Yinghui
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Existing omnidirectional vehicles have disadvantages of
poor load capacities and practicability. Based on the omnidirectional mobile
track and an adapted symmetrical layout, a novel medium-tracked omni-vehicle
was designed. The kinematic and dynamic model of the vehicle was
established, and the anisotropy of the velocity and acceleration of the
vehicle was analyzed. With a counterbalanced forklift as the design goal, a
virtual prototype and real prototype of the vehicle were established. The
prototype had a no-load weight of 5 t and a full-load weight of 7 t.
Simulations and experiments were carried out for various omnidirectional
movements of the prototype, such as longitudinal, lateral, multi-angle
diagonal, and center-point steering motions. The simulation and experimental
results showed that the vehicle performed omnidirectional motion in the
plane under no-load and full-load conditions. The translational motion of
the prototype exhibited anisotropic motion. The causes of the trajectory and
velocity deviation during the motion of the prototype were analyzed.
The Effect of Educational Videos on Increasing Student Classroom Participation: Action Research
Authors: Almuslamani Hashem Ali , Nassar Islam A. , Mahdi Omar Rabeea
Published: May 2020

This study assesses the effect of the use of educational videos on the participation of 24 students at the Applied Science University in Bahrain. The findings revealed that educational videos that were selected either by the researcher or by the students have a direct and positive effect on increasing the students’ participation in the classroom. It was found that the educational videos that were selected by the students have a greater effect in this respect than these videos selected by the researcher.
State Medical Cannabis Laws Associated With Reduction in Opioid Prescriptions by Orthopaedic Surgeons in Medicare Part D Cohort
Authors: Lopez Cesar D. , Boddapati Venkat , Jobin Charles M. , Hickernell Thomas R.
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Opioid prescriptions and abuse remain a significant national concern. Cannabinoids offer a potentially attractive nonopioid analgesic option for orthopaedic patients, and 32 US states have passed medical cannabis laws (MCLs), legalizing patient access to cannabinoids. We examine the association between implementation of state cannabis laws and prescribing patterns for opioids by orthopaedic surgeons in Medicare Part D patients between 2013 and 2017.

Methods:

Using the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Event database, we measured annual aggregate daily doses of all opioid medications (excluding buprenorphine) prescribed by orthopaedic surgeons in each US state (and DC), in addition to total daily doses of opioid medications by generic name (hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, methadone, and “other opioids”). We used adjusted linear regression models to examine associations between state-specific cannabis regulations (state MCL, MCL type—dispensary or home cultivation, and recreational cannabis legalization) and annual total daily doses of opioid medications (all opioids and opioid types, separately).

Results:

State MCLs were associated with a statistically significant reduction in aggregate opioid prescribing of 144,000 daily doses (19.7% reduction) annually (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.535 to −0.024 million; P < 0.01). States with MCLs allowing access to in-state dispensaries had a statistically significant reduction in total opioid prescriptions of 96,000 daily doses (13.1%) annually (95% CI, −0.165 to −0.026 million; P < 0.01). Specifically, MCLs were associated with a statistically significant reduction of 72,000 daily doses of hydrocodone annually (95% CI, −0.164 to −0.019 million; P < 0.01). No significant association between recreational marijuana legalization and opioid prescribing was found.

Conclusion:

Orthopaedic surgeons are among the highest prescribers of opioids, highlighting the importance of providing nonopioid analgesic alternatives in efforts to reduce opioid use in the patient cohort. This study is the first to examine the association between implementation of state cannabis laws and prescribing patterns for opioids by orthopaedic surgeons in Medicare Part D patients.

Level of Evidence:

Population-based ecological study.
De algemeenverbindendverklaring van landbouwvoorschriften in het Europese marktordeningsrecht
Authors: Janssen H.C.E.P.J.
Published: May 2020

De algemeenverbindendverklaring van landbouwvoorschriften in het Europese marktordeningsrecht

EU-lidstaten zijn op grond van de Europese marktordeningsregels bevoegd door (unies van) producentenorganisaties en brancheorganisaties vastgestelde landbouwvoorschriften uit te breiden tot niet-leden. Deze niet-leden kunnen tevens worden verplicht een financiële bijdrage te betalen. In de Nederlandse landbouw wordt dit avv-instrument pas vrij recent en dan ook nog eens uitsluitend voor onderzoek en ontwikkeling ingezet. De Europese regels bieden echter ruimte voor een veel bredere toepassing, zoals bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van dierenwelzijn, voedselveiligheid en milieubescherming. De Minister van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit heeft de Raad van State inmiddels gevraagd welke ruimte zij daarvoor heeft.
De stand van de stelselherziening: een beslissend jaar
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco)
Published: May 2020

De stand van de stelselherziening: een beslissend jaar

In dit artikel wordt de voortgang van de stelselherziening omgevingsrecht besproken. De auteur kijkt vooruit naar de ontwikkelingen in 2020, waaronder de vaststelling van de algemene maatregelen van bestuur en het moment van inwerkingtreding van de Omgevingswet.
Inclusion of bioclimatic variables in genetic evaluations of dairy cattle
Authors: Negri Renata , Aguilar Ignacio , Feltes Giovani Luis , Machado Juliana Dementshuk , Braccini Neto José , Costa-Maia Fabiana Martins , Cobuci Jaime Araújo
Published: May 2020

Objective: Considering the importance of dairy farming and the negative effects of heat stress, more tolerant genotypes need to be identified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress via temperature-humidity index (THI) and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) in the genetic evaluations for daily milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle, using random regression models.Methods: The data comprised 94,549 test-day records of 11,294 first parity Holstein cows from Brazil, collected from 1997 to 2013, and bioclimatic data (THI and DTV) from 18 weather stations. Least square linear regression models were used to determine the THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses caused by heat stress. In addition to the standard model (SM, without bioclimatic variables), THI and DTV were combined in various ways and tested for different days, totaling 41 models.Results: The THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses was THI = 74 (–0.106 kg/d/THI) and DTV = 13 (–0.045 kg/d/DTV). The model that included THI and DTV as fixed effects, considering the two-day average, presented better fit (–2logL, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion). The estimated breeding values (EBVs) and the reliabilities of the EBVs improved when using this model.Conclusion: Sires are re-ranking when heat stress indicators are included in the model. Genetic evaluation using the mean of two days of THI and DTV as fixed effect, improved EBVs and EBVs reliability.
Predicting nutrient excretion from dairy cows on smallholder farms in Indonesia using readily available farm data
Authors: Zahra Windi Al , Middelaar Corina  E. van , de Boer Imke J. M. , Oosting Simon J.
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to provide models to accurately predict nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion of dairy cows on smallholder farms in Indonesia based on readily available farm data.Methods: The generic model in this study is based on the principles of the Lucas equation, describing the relation between dry matter intake (DMI) and faecal N excretion to predict the quantity of faecal N (QFN). Excretion of urinary N and faecal P were calculated based on National Research Council recommendations for dairy cows. A farm survey was conducted to collect input parameters for the models. The data set was used to calibrate the model to predict QFN for the specific case. The model was validated by comparing the predicted quantity of faecal N with the actual quantity of faecal N (QFNACT) based on measurements, and the calibrated model was compared to the Lucas equation. The models were used to predict N and P excretion of all 144 dairy cows in the data set.Results: Our estimate of true N digestibility equalled the standard value of 92% in the original Lucas equation, whereas our estimate of metabolic faecal N was –0.60 g/100 g DMI, with the standard value being –0.61 g/100 g DMI. Results of the model validation showed that the R2 was 0.63, the MAE was 15 g/animal/d (17% from QFNACT), and the RMSE was 20 g/animal/d (22% from QFNACT). We predicted that the total N excretion of dairy cows in Indonesia was on average 197 g/animal/d, whereas P excretion was on average 56 g/animal/d.Conclusion: The proposed models can be used with reasonable accuracy to predict N and P excretion of dairy cattle on smallholder farms in Indonesia, which can contribute to improving manure management and reduce environmental issues related to nutrient losses.
In vitro ruminal fermentation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) produced less methane than that of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Niu Huaxin , Xu Zhongjun , Yang Hee Eun , McAllister Tim A , Acharya Surya , Wang Yuxi
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare fenugreek (FG) with alfalfa (Alf) in ruminal fermentation and methane (CH4) production in vitro.Methods: Whole-plant FG harvested at 11- and 15-wk and Alf harvested at early and mid-bloom maturities, alone or as 50:50 mixture of FG and Alf at the respective maturity, were assessed in a series of 48-h in vitro batch culture incubations. Total fermentation gas and methane gas production, dry matter (DM) disappearance, volatile fatty acids, microbial protein and 16S RNA gene copy numbers of total bacteria and methanogens were determined.Results: Compared to early bloom Alf, FG harvested at 11-wk exhibited higher (p<0.05) in vitro DM and neutral detergent fibre disappearance, but this difference was not observed between the mid-bloom Alf and 15-wk FG. Regardless plant maturity, in vitro ruminal fermentation of FG produced less (p<0.001) CH4 either on DM incubated or on DM disappeared basis than that of Alf during 48-h incubation. In vitro ruminal fermentation of FG yielded similar amount of total volatile fatty acids with higher (p<0.05) propionate percentage as compared to fermentation of Alf irrespective of plant maturity. Microbial protein synthesis was greater (p<0.001) with 11-wk FG than early bloom Alf as substrate and 16S RNA gene copies of total bacteria was higher (p<0.01) with 15-wk FG than mid-bloom Alf as substrate. Compared to mid-bloom Alf, 15-wk FG had lower (p<0.05 to 0.001) amount of 16S RNA methanogen gene copies in the whole culture during 48-h incubation.Conclusion: In comparison to Alf, FG emerges as a high quality forage that can not only improve rumen fermentation in vitro, but can also remarkably mitigate CH4 emissions likely due to being rich in saponins.
Effect of commercially purified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxins on microbial diversity of pig cecum contents
Authors: Reddy Kondreddy Eswar , Kim Minji , Kim Ki Hyun , Ji Sang Yun , Baek Youlchang , Chun Ju Lan , Jung Hyun Jung , Choe Changyong , Lee Hyun Jeong , Kim Minseok , Lee Sung Dae
Published: May 2020

Objective: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process.Methods: We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing.Results: A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology.Conclusion: Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.
Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments — A review
Authors: Cheng Wei Nee , Han Sung Gu
Published: May 2020

Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.
Biochar and its impact on soil properties, growth and yield of okra plants
Authors: Farias Diego Bispo dos Santos , Freitas Maria Iderlane  de , Lucas Ariovaldo Antonio Tadeu , Gonzaga Maria Isidória Silva
Published: May 2020

Applying biochar to the soil can mitigate problems that hinder agricultural production, such as water scarcity and low fertility soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of dry coconut husk biochar and sewage sludge combinations on soil chemical characteristics, growth, yield and water productivity of okra crop. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with 6 treatments (CHB+BSS -coconut husk biochar + biochar of sewage sludge, CHB+RSS-coconut husk biochar + raw sewage sludge, BSS+RSS -biochar of sewage sludge + raw sewage sludge, CHB -coconut husk biochar, BSS -biochar of sewage sludge, WB -without biochar (control)). Plant height, number of fruits per plant, yield and water use productivity were evaluated. To evaluate the effect of biochar on soil, soil samples weretaken to determine pH, CEC, P, K, Ca, Mg concentrations after incorporation of biochar into the soil. The BSS + RSS and BSS treatments provided better results on okra production and growth characteristics with a 421.15% and 419% productivity increase, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The BSS and BSS + RSS treatments provided better water productivity,with values of 14.5 and 13.3kilogramproduced for each cubic meter of water applied, respectively.All soil chemical characteristics analyzed were modified when the biochar was incorporated into the soil. The results provide valuable insight that okra growers can embrace the use of the combination BSS+RSS and BSS, providing better yields and lower water use in growing this plant.
ESPESSURA DO MÚSCULO ADUTOR DO POLEGAR EM PACIENTES COM LESÃO RENAL AGUDA NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Pelegrino Layssa , Aleixo Luis Felipe , Balmant Bianca Depieri
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the thickness of the adductor pollicismuscle (APMT) and its association with nutritional status and clinical outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute kidney injury (AKI) on dialysis. For this, the measurement of the APMT was performed, applied the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and laboratory markers were collected from 50 patients diagnosed with dialysis AKI recently admitted to the ICU. Additionally, the clinical outcome of these patients was observed. All patients had nutritional status depletion by SGA.There was a statistically significant relationship between APMT and mortality, as well as a correlation between APMT and albumin and APMT and creatinine. In conclusion, APMT may be a predictor of mortality in patients with dialysis AKI in the ICU.
Proteccionismo inverso y política comercial dentro del sistema multilateral de comercio: el caso de las restricciones a la exportación
Authors: Baena Rojas Jose Jaime
Published: May 2020

Desde la creación de la OMC se han recibido algunas demandas por parte de sus estados miembros todo ello respecto a la adopción de restricciones a las exportaciones. Dicha práctica supone la configuración de un nuevo tipo de proteccionismo denominado “proteccionismo inverso” el cual no parece estar regulado a cabalidad por las disposiciones del GATT. Si bien algunos de sus artículos parecen arrojar cierta luz sobre el tema, por lo que se han invocado en algunas de las diferencias de las existentes hasta la fecha –como el “Articulo VIII Derechos y Formalidades referentes a la importación y a la exportación” y el "Artículo XI Eliminación General de las Restricciones Cuantitativas", entre otros– resulta evidente la incapacidad del GATT y la OMC para remediar esta situación. Por lo tanto, dada esta carencia, es crucial dentro del sistema multilateral de comercio que se conduzca un nuevo proceso de negociación en el que se desarrolle un acuerdo definitivo que regule este tipo de políticas comerciales.
Paradox of Autonomy: explaining flaws in South American security regionalism
Authors: Mijares Víctor M.
Published: May 2020

This article addresses the South American difficulties in the consolidation of regional security mechanisms, developing an analytical model called the “paradox of autonomy.” This model was developed through the application of inductive and deductive methodological criteria, based on the observation of recent historical reality, in order to attain generalizable lessons from a relevant case for South American international relations. Also using rational analytical approaches that allow their construction within the framework of rational action problems. From the observation on the emergence and performance of the South American Defense Council, it was identified that the allowing conditions for a novel mechanism of regional (collective) autonomy for security, paradoxically offered opportunities for the exercise of national (individual) autonomy. The article concludes that, although the conditions for the paradox of autonomy are difficult to overcome in cases of security regionalism initiatives, there are possibilities to do so. The key would be in less ambitious institutional designs that recognize the inherent difficulties for institutional regional security cooperation in South America.
Two new endemic species of Bistriopelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Peru, including a new remarkable horned tarantula
Authors: Nicoletta Micaela , Chaparro Juan C. , Mamani Luis , Ochoa José A. , West Rick C. , Ferretti Nelson E.
Published: May 2020

The spider genus Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 is endemic to Peru and includes three species known to date: Bistriopelma lamasi Kaderka, 2015, B. matuskai Kaderka, 2015 and B. titicaca Kaderka, 2017. The present contribution diagnoses, describes and illustrates two new species of Bistriopelma from Peru: B. peyoi sp. nov. and B. kiwicha sp. nov., both based on male and female. The male of B. peyoi sp. nov. is provided with a remarkable thoracic horn, and the species is the first horned tarantula for this genus. An updated distribution map for all known species is presented.
Conceptions of Siberia development and positioning: quantitative estimation their priority order from geopolitical point
Authors: Fartyshev A. N.
Published: May 2020

The article analyses eight most relevant conceptions of the development and positioning of Siberia: the diversification of oil and gas flows, the Asian Super Ring, the Trans-Siberian project RAZVITIE,the strategy of the socio-economic development of Siberia, the conception of intracontinental development, the Northern Hoop, the environmental conception and that of space compression. The proposed conceptions have been classified into five main groups. A methodology for assessing the geopolitical position of regions has been tested using Siberia as an example. Changes in the parameters of the geopolitical position due to the implementation of these conceptions have been assessed. Using algebraic logic, the author identifi and analysed conditions for improving the geopolitical position of Siberia. All conceptions have been compared and analysed using a point scale. Industrial and commodity direction combined with the development of transport corridors should be given priority. Separate implementation of export-oriented and transport strategies is less effective and the development of tourism and the compression of oikoumene may worsen the geopolitical position of Siberian regions.
Seeing Algebraic Structure: The Rubik's Cube
Authors: Milewski Amanda , Frohardt Daniel
Published: May 2020

Few high school students associate mathematics with playfulness. In this paper, we offer a series of lessons focused on the underlying algebraic structures of the Rubik's Cube. The Rubik's Cube offers students an interesting space to enjoy the playful side of mathematics, while appreciating mathematics otherwise lost in routine experiences.
Investigating Using Lesson Study
Authors: Corwin Scott , Cascio Michelle , Emerson Katherine , Henn Laura , Lewis Catherine
Published: May 2020

Our middle school mathematics department used lesson study to investigate how to introduce fractions division to our sixth-grade students. We highlight our learnings during the Study and Plan phases, describe our observations during the lesson, and provide tips for educators interested in using lesson study to study their own content.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Ingrassia Steve , Rawding Molly
Published: May 2020

28 problems spanning the grades PK-12
Awareness and knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal women
Authors: Thomas Sangeetha , Pienyu Ruopfuvinuo , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath
Published: May 2020

Aim

The study examined the awareness and knowledge about gestational-diabetes-mellitus (GDM) among antenatal-women and found its influential factors through three phases.

Method

The sample for phase I was 523 antenatal women. In phases II and III, 33 participants who were identified to be aware of GDM from Phase I were included. Measures used were Gestational-Diabetes-Knowledge-Questionnaire (GDKQ) and an open-ended questionnaire.

Results

Age and “number of Pregnancies to date” significantly predicted awareness. Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated that antenatal-women differed in their ‘knowledge' across the trimesters. Mann-Whitney U showed a difference in ‘knowledge' among participants, ‘with' and ‘without' a history of diabetes. Electronic and print-media were identified to be the significant sources of knowledge.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of implementing methods that enhance the awareness and knowledge of GDM among the antenatal women.
Suco composto de milho: formulação e caracterização físico-química
Authors: Mota Rodrigo de Souza , Santos Neto João Paixão dos , Oliveira Igor Vinícius de , Lima Clenes Cunha , Silva Vicente Filho Alves , Silva José Nilton da , Silva Josiane Pereira da , Silva Claudete Rosa , Carvalho Fábio Israel Martins , Silva Priscilla Andrade
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi de formular e realizar as análises físico-químicas do suco de milho produzido no município de Parauapebas/PA. Foi realizada caracterização física de 100 espigas de milho através das medidas de peso das espigas, peso da polpa, peso da casca, rendimento da polpa, comprimento e diâmetro. Para obtenção dos sucos de milho, foram elaboradas as seguintes formulações: suco de milho natural (F1: 21% de grãos: 33% de água); suco de milho com leite de soja (F2: 21% de grãos: 33% de leite de soja); suco de milho com leite bovino (F3: 21% de grãos: 33% de leite bovino). Para caracterização físico-química, foram realizadas as análises de pH, acidez total titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis, umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos e valor energético total. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas dos produtos artesanais foram submetidos à análise de variância através do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Em relação à caracterização física das espigas do híbrido duplo BR 205 Embrapa, os parâmetros avaliados comprimento médio das espigas com palha (32,76 cm) e sem palha (20,88 cm), diâmetro médio da base da espiga com palha (5,83 cm) e sem palha (4,72 cm), o diâmetro médio do meio da espiga com palha (5,37 cm) e sem palha (4,62 cm), já o diâmetro da ponta da espiga com palha (4,05 cm) e sem palha (3,63 cm). Quanto aos valores obtidos para o peso médio das espigas, com palha (352,36 g) e sem palha (225,40 g), e rendimento dos grãos por espiga (133,50 g) estão próximos aos dos valores relatados na literatura. Os teores médios de cinzas, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos e valor energético total, obtidos para o milho, estão próximos aos estabelecidos pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Através dos resultados físico-químicos se observou que os sucos de leite possuem maior valor nutricional pelos provadores do que o suco natural e o suco com soja. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os produtos podem se tornar uma opção de aproveitamento do milho pelo Centro Tecnológico de Agricultura Familiar, além de uma fonte alternativa de geração de renda aos agricultores familiares do município de Parauapebas/PA.
Ureia tradicional e protegida no desenvolvimento e produção de forragem de milho
Authors: Brito José Raimundo Fraga de , Dalvi Leandro Pin , Mardgan Leonardo , Santos Junior Hugo José Gonçalves dos , Ataide Julielson Oliveira , Zago Hugo Bolsoni
Published: May 2020

O Brasil é destaque junto ao cenário mundial na produção de milho, entretanto o uso de cultivares pouco adaptadas as regiões produtoras, além do baixo uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados em cobertura, reduz o potencial produtivo das áreas cultivadas com o milho no Brasil. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e produção do milho (Zea mays L.) híbrido RefúgioMax®, em função de fontes de adubos nitrogenados (N) (ureia tradicional, ureia protegida). O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na área experimental do CCAE (Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da UFES), localizada no município de Alegre-ES. Foram avaliados 5 tratamentos dispostos em 5 blocos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, onde o tratamento 1 foi a testemunha (Sem dose de N). As fontes nitrogenadas testadas foram: ureia tradicional (45% N) nas doses 10 e 20g e ureia protegida (Nitro Mais® 44,6% N; B 0,4% e Cu 0,15%) 10 e 20g por planta em cobertura. A adubação de ureia convencional proporcionou aumento de 19,790 kg ha-1 e o Nitro Mais® 25,500 kg ha-1 de forragem. Para os índices de clorofila foliar, a adubação de ureia tradicional e protegida proporcionaram um aumento b e total em todas as concentrações, porém a clorofila a foi o único que obteve uma resposta da adubação na dosagem de 10g de Nitro Mais. Com base nos resultados, verifica-se que a ureia tradicional e protegida influenciaram na produção de forragem e nos índices de clorofila foliar.
Avaliação da qualidade dos sedimentos em áreas agrícolas do município de Bom Retiro/SC
Authors: Rosini Daniely Neckel , Becegato Valter Antonio , Dalalibera Amanda , Vilela Pâmela Beccalli , Xavier Jordana dos Anjos , Duminelli Eduardo Costa
Published: May 2020

O município de Bom Retiro/SC se caracteriza por intensa atividade agropecuária. Essas atividades podem impactar os recursos naturais, devido a utilização de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes que podem conter metais, causando diversos impactos ambientais. Com este estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar os sedimentos das áreas rurais influenciadas por atividades agropecuárias no município de Bom Retiro/SC. Para representação significativa da área, foram realizadas coletas de sedimentos em 25 pontos influenciados diretamente pelas referidas atividades. Os metais pesados cádmio (Cd), cobre (Cu), cromo (Cr), ferro (Fe), níquel (Ni), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn) foram determinados por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com Fonte Contínua (ARFC EAA). Os sedimentos superficiais apresentaram concentrações de Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb e Zn, mas todos os pontos estavam enquadrados pela Resolução CONAMA n° 454/2012 como nível 1.
Diagnóstico Ambiental da Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Apeú através de Fatores Geoambientais e Climáticos
Authors: Silva Emerson Renato Maciel da , Rocha Edson José Paulino da , Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa , Silva Helder José Farias da , Costa Luiz Gonzaga da Silva
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso e ocupação do solo, a morfometria, a precipitação e a vulnerabilidade ambiental na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Apeú, por meio de geotecnologias. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Apeú que está localizada na região nordeste do Estado do Pará. Foram utilizados os softwares livres QGIS (para o PDI, elaboração dos mapas temáticos) e o RStudio para extração dos dados de precipitação. Por meio da morfometria a SBHRA apresentar forma retangular e alongada, conferindo à sub-bacia baixa suscetibilidade a ocorrências de enchentes. Enquanto que o resultado de uso e ocupação mostraram que 55,25% da SBHRA é composta por vegetação densa e secundária, seguida por 27,04% representada por pastagem e culturas e 16,93% de solo exposto. A análise integrada das variáveis geoambientais analisadas, permitiram a elaboração do mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental da SBHRA. Permitindo observar que, a SBHRA encontra-se com maiores graus de vulnerabilidades baixos e muito baixos (65,27%). Porém, é nítido por meio da representação cartográfica da vulnerabilidade, uma distribuição acentuada dos fragmentos de vulnerabilidade médio (22,47%), principalmente correlacionados as classes de vegetação rasteira, distribuídas quase sempre próximos às áreas de vegetação, seguida pela distribuição da vulnerabilidade alta (11,26%), correlacionada com às áreas antrópicas. Assim, conclui-se que estudos relacionados a vulnerabilidade ambiental favorecem as tomadas de decisões frente a conservação e sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais, levando em consideração a capacidade de suporte de cada variável dentro do ecossistema, relacionadas principalmente as características especificas de cada ambiente natural.
Determinação do índice da qualidade do aterro de resíduos do município de Goiânia/GO
Authors: Barros Rosana Gonçalves , Dourado Byanca Rodrigues , Bárbara Viníciu Fagundes
Published: May 2020

O gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) tem sido um dos principais desafios enfrentados pela administração pública, principalmente no que tange às questões ambientais. Dentre as formas de disposição dos resíduos, os aterros sanitários são considerados a mais adequada, porém, o funcionamento e a operacionalidade dos mesmos deixam a desejar em vários aspectos relacionados às exigências legais. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da disposição final dos resíduos sólidos no aterro sanitário do município de Goiânia-GO, através da aplicação do Índice de Qualidade de Aterros de Resíduos (IQR), metodologia proposta pela CETESB como forma de verificar a sustentabilidade deste ambiente. Observou-se, com base nos dados coletados, que o aterro em estudo possui IQR de 2,2 pontos, sendo avaliado em condições inadequadas de funcionamento, em virtude dos vários aspectos operacionais, estruturais e locacionais irregulares que atestaram a insustentabilidade do local. Verificou-se que a metodologia aplicada pela CETESB para mensurar o IQR foi uma importante ferramenta para determinar possíveis melhorias a serem adotadas no aterro estudado, mostrando ser eficiente a sua aplicabilidade nos municípios e suas respectivas instalações para disposição final de resíduos sólidos.
Indicadores de vulnerabilidade da seca e avaliação da governança de 1991-2010 no semiárido Paraibano
Authors: Nunes Sara Henrique Pontes , Dantas Neto José , Silva Patrícia Ferreira da , Santos Elder Guedes dos , Matos Rigoberto Moreira de
Published: May 2020

O desenvolvimento de indicadores de vulnerabilidade da seca e a avaliação da governança no semiárido é de fundamental importância para que se possa buscar alternativas para melhorar as condições de vida da população. Assim, objetivou-se este estudo desenvolver indicadores de vulnerabilidade à seca e avaliar a governança, no período de 1991 a 2010, em parte do Cariri Oriental municípios de Alcantil e São João do Cariri, semiárido Paraibano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois municípios do semiárido paraibano da microrregião do Cariri Oriental (Alcantil e São João do Cariri), os dados para confecção dos indicadores foram obtidos da planilhas do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Foram desenvolvidos índice com base na capacidade adaptativa (político-institucional) composto por indicador de vulnerabilidade e governança; demografia e IDHM; sensibilidade (socioeconômica) formado pelos indicadores renda, trabalho e habitação e exposição (sociocultural) composta pelo indicador educação. Cada indicador possui subindicadores formado por fatores escolhidos de acordo com cada município estudado comparando com os dados em nível de Brasil. Os indicadores de vulnerabilidade à seca e governança desenvolvidas são capazes de diagnosticar a situação da população da região semiárida paraibana, e apontar quais estratégias de governança tem sido utilizado para mitigar a vulnerabilidade. Os municípios do Cariri paraibano, mais precisamente Alcantil e São João do Cariri quando se compara 1991 a 2000 e 2000 a 2010, são considerados vulneráveis a seca, pois as estratégias de governança a seca adotas ainda não são suficientes para suprir todos os problemas. As principais estratégias de governança adotadas em Alcantil e São João do Cariri são Bolsa família, Beneficio de prestação continuada, luz para todos, empregos em órgãos públicos e o programa saúde da família.
Estado da arte da pesquisa em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária no estado de Goiás
Authors: Furquim Maria Gláucia Dourado , Carvalho Márcia Thais de Melo , Alves Estênio Moreira
Published: May 2020

Os sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPA) são estratégias de otimização do uso da terra, principal recurso econômico para o produtor rural. Os SIPA exigem uma abordagem holística da atividade produtiva, sendo uma alternativa para alcançar a sustentabilidade tanto econômica quanto ambiental por meio do incremento em biodiversidade. Um dos princípios dos SIPA é a busca por benefícios mútuos entre os componentes de produção, respeitando as especificidades de cada empreendimento rural e não se limitando às questões de escala de produção. Considerando a representatividade das atividades vinculadas ao agronegócio para a socioeconomia do Estado de Goiás e a importância dos recursos naturais para manutenção de sua sustentabilidade, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento sobre os estudos científicos relacionados a SIPA em Goiás. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliométrica de artigos científicos disponíveis no banco de dados da plataforma SCIELO, portal de acesso aberto de comunicação científica, no período entre 1985 e abril 2019. No período, um total de 560 artigos sobre técnicas de implementação de SIPA foram encontrados, dos quais, apenas 41 estudos foram realizados no estado de Goiás. A predominância dos estudos (83%) foi encontrada com o uso do termo de busca “integração lavoura pecuária”. Entre esses, 32% investigaram o efeito dos SIPA sobre atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo. O restante, 68% dos estudos, investigaram supressão de plantas daninhas, desempenho de plantas de cobertura e forrageiras e avaliação de impactos ambientais. Cabe destacar, que na plataforma e no período analisados não foram identificados estudos que contemplem os custos para a implantação do sistema, o tempo de retorno do investimento, mensuração e valoração dos benefícios ambientais para a coletividade, dentre outros aspectos que reforcem a importância dos SIPA em termos socioambientais.
Prolégomènes pour l’étude de l’engagement des jeunes dans diverses sphères de vie : réflexions conceptuelles et esquisse d’opérationnalisation
Authors: Gallant Nicole
Published: May 2020

L’emploi du mot « engagement » abonde aujourd’hui comme injonction dans le discours ambiant et dans l’intervention publique et associative auprès des jeunes dans diverses sphères de vie (études, travail, etc.), en plus du champ civique. Dans cet article, Gallant jette les bases de la recherche transversale sur cette notion. Elle souligne d’abord que ces injonctions visent généralement la posture personnelle du jeune, appréhendé individuellement, c’est-à-dire sans prendre en compte ni son contexte, sa situation et ses ressources ou ses préférences personnelles, ni la réceptivité de son milieu face à ses manières de s’investir, ni non plus le tiraillement qui peut exister entre de multiples engagements. Puis, Gallant propose une définition épurée de l’engagement, permettant de l’employer de manière systématique pour l’observer dans diverses sphères de vie. Conceptualiser l’engagement comme une posture personnelle permet aussi de voir combien les attentes normatives qui pèsent sur le jeune ont une dimension morale, pour ne pas dire moralisante. Enfin, l’auteure propose une programmation de recherche visant l’étude empirique des temporalités de l’engagement des jeunes dans les diverses sphères de vie simultanément au cours de leur parcours de transition à la vie adulte. Tout en tenant compte d’une pluralité de contextes sociaux et d’une diversité de situations des jeunes, un tel programme permettrait de documenter l’enchevêtrement entre les sphères de la vie, face à une exigence inatteignable de plein engagement simultané dans toutes ces sphères.
Local emergence in Amazonia of Plasmodium falciparum k13 C580Y mutants associated with in vitro artemisinin resistance
Authors: Mathieu Luana C , Cox Horace , Early Angela M , Mok Sachel , Lazrek Yassamine , Paquet Jeanne-Celeste , Ade Maria-Paz , Lucchi Naomi W , Grant Quacy , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam , Alexandre Jean SF , Demar Magalie , Ringwald Pascal , Neafsey Daniel E , Fidock David A , Musset Lise
Published: May 2020

Antimalarial drug resistance has historically arisen through convergent de novo mutations in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in Southeast Asia and South America. For the past decade in Southeast Asia, artemisinins, the core component of first-line antimalarial therapies, have experienced delayed parasite clearance associated with several pfk13 mutations, primarily C580Y. We report that mutant pfk13 has emerged independently in Guyana, with genome analysis indicating an evolutionary origin distinct from Southeast Asia. Pfk13 C580Y parasites were observed in 1.6% (14/854) of samples collected in Guyana in 2016–2017. Introducing pfk13 C580Y or R539T mutations by gene editing into local parasites conferred high levels of in vitro artemisinin resistance. In vitro growth competition assays revealed a fitness cost associated with these pfk13 variants, potentially explaining why these resistance alleles have not increased in frequency more quickly in South America. These data place local malaria control efforts at risk in the Guiana Shield.
A mammalian Wnt5a–Ror2–Vangl2 axis controls the cytoskeleton and confers cellular properties required for alveologenesis
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Yao Erica , Lin Chuwen , Chou Yu-Ting , Wong Julia , Li Jianying , Wolters Paul J , Chuang Pao-Tien
Published: May 2020

Alveolar formation increases the surface area for gas-exchange and is key to the physiological function of the lung. Alveolar epithelial cells, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells undergo coordinated morphogenesis to generate epithelial folds (secondary septa) to form alveoli. A mechanistic understanding of alveologenesis remains incomplete. We found that the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is required in alveolar epithelial cells and myofibroblasts for alveologenesis in mammals. Our studies uncovered a Wnt5a–Ror2–Vangl2 cascade that endows cellular properties and novel mechanisms of alveologenesis. This includes PDGF secretion from alveolar type I and type II cells, cell shape changes of type I cells and migration of myofibroblasts. All these cellular properties are conferred by changes in the cytoskeleton and represent a new facet of PCP function. These results extend our current model of PCP signaling from polarizing a field of epithelial cells to conferring new properties at subcellular levels to regulate collective cell behavior.
A single-cell survey of Drosophila blood
Authors: Tattikota Sudhir Gopal , Cho Bumsik , Liu Yifang , Hu Yanhui , Barrera Victor , Steinbaugh Michael J , Yoon Sang-Ho , Comjean Aram , Li Fangge , Dervis Franz , Hung Ruei-Jiun , Nam Jin-Wu , Ho Sui Shannan , Shim Jiwon , Perrimon Norbert
Published: May 2020

Drosophila blood cells, called hemocytes, are classified into plasmatocytes, crystal cells, and lamellocytes based on the expression of a few marker genes and cell morphologies, which are inadequate to classify the complete hemocyte repertoire. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map hemocytes across different inflammatory conditions in larvae. We resolved plasmatocytes into different states based on the expression of genes involved in cell cycle, antimicrobial response, and metabolism together with the identification of intermediate states. Further, we discovered rare subsets within crystal cells and lamellocytes that express fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligand branchless and receptor breathless, respectively. We demonstrate that these FGF components are required for mediating effective immune responses against parasitoid wasp eggs, highlighting a novel role for FGF signaling in inter-hemocyte crosstalk. Our scRNA-seq analysis reveals the diversity of hemocytes and provides a rich resource of gene expression profiles for a systems-level understanding of their functions.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Classification of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Jeon Seong Woo
Published: May 2020

Gastritis is the term used to describe the inflammatory condition of the stomach. However, the ambiguous application of this term in clinical practice, such as in endoscopic or histological diagnosis, makes its diagnosis and treatment unclear. Atrophic gastritis is the most common finding in screening endoscopy, especially in patients with high risk of gastric adenocarcinoma; thus, definite diagnosis of the premalignant condition is important. Several classification systems and associated terminologies have been used to define the inflammatory condition of the stomach. However, many of them are based on histological findings, and their clinical application is limited in endoscopic diagnosis. Recently, with the advancement of endoscopic imaging techniques such as narrow-band imaging, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia can now be defined more precisely. Currently, many attempts have been made to classify the condition of the stomach on the basis of endoscopic findings, focusing on the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and the presence of Helicobacter pylori.