bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine‐like Attacks in Patients
Authors: Ghanizada Hashmat , Al‐Karagholi Mohammad Al‐Mahdi , Walker Christopher S. , Arngrim Nanna , Rees Tayla , Petersen Jakeb , Siow Andrew , Mørch‐Rasmussen Mette , Tan Sheryl , O'Carroll Simon J. , Harris Paul , Skovgaard Lene Theil , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Brimble Margaret , Waite Jayme S. , Rea Brandon J. , Sowers Levi P. , Russo Andrew F. , Hay Debbie L. , Ashina Messoud
Published: March 2021

Objective

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disease. Its genesis is poorly understood, and there remains unmet clinical need. We aimed to identify mechanisms and thus novel therapeutic targets for migraine using human models of migraine and translational models in animals, with emphasis on amylin, a close relative of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP).

Methods

Thirty‐six migraine without aura patients were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, 2‐way, crossover, positive‐controlled clinical trial study to receive infusion of an amylin analogue pramlintide or human αCGRP on 2 different experimental days. Furthermore, translational studies in cells and mouse models, and rat, mouse and human tissue samples were conducted.

Results

Thirty patients (88%) developed headache after pramlintide infusion, compared to 33 (97%) after CGRP (p = 0.375). Fourteen patients (41%) developed migraine‐like attacks after pramlintide infusion, compared to 19 patients (56%) after CGRP (p = 0.180). The pramlintide‐induced migraine‐like attacks had similar clinical characteristics to those induced by CGRP. There were differences between treatments in vascular parameters. Human receptor pharmacology studies showed that an amylin receptor likely mediates these pramlintide‐provoked effects, rather than the canonical CGRP receptor. Supporting this, preclinical experiments investigating symptoms associated with migraine showed that amylin treatment, like CGRP, caused cutaneous hypersensitivity and light aversion in mice.

Interpretation

Our findings propose amylin receptor agonism as a novel contributor to migraine pathogenesis. Greater therapeutic gains could therefore be made for migraine patients through dual amylin and CGRP receptor antagonism, rather than selectively targeting the canonical CGRP receptor. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1157–1171
Nitrone and Alkyne Cascade Reactions for Regio‐ and Diastereoselective 1‐Pyrroline Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Guanqun , Alshreimi Abdullah S. , Alonso Laura , Antar Alan , Yu Hsien‐Cheng , Islam Shahidul M. , Anderson Laura L.
Published: March 2021

The synthesis of 1‐pyrrolines from N‐alkenylnitrones and alkynes has been explored as a retrosynthetic alternative to traditional approaches. These cascade reactions are formal [4+1] cycloadditions that proceed through a proposed dipolar cycloaddition and N‐alkenylisoxazoline [3,3′]‐sigmatropic rearrangement. A variety of cyclic alkynes and terminal alkynes have been shown to undergo the transformation with N‐alkenylnitrones under mild conditions to provide the corresponding spirocyclic and densely substituted 1‐pyrrolines with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies provide insight into the balance of steric and electronic effects that promote the cascade process and control the diastereo‐ and regioisomeric preferences of the 1‐pyrroline products. Diastereoselective derivatization of the 1‐pyrrolines prepared by the cascade reaction demonstrate the divergent synthetic utility of the new method.
Pivot to Telehealth: Narrative Reflections on Circle of Security Parenting Groups during COVID‐19
Authors: Cook Alison , Bragg Judith , Reay Rebecca E.
Published: March 2021

In response to COVID‐19 hygiene and physical distancing restrictions, our service rapidly shifted to delivering Circle of Security‐Parenting™ (COS‐P) groups via telehealth. In this article we report the perspectives and experiences of the group facilitator and the parents who received the intervention during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We use semi‐structured, qualitative interviews to explore the advantages, challenges, and positive impacts of the online parenting group from the perspectives of the group leader and the five group participants. Participants’ narrative reflections show that they were satisfied with the convenient and engaging online delivery of the program and would recommend it to other parents. Parents reported significant improvements in their parenting and greater awareness of their strengths and struggles. The online delivery of COS‐P resulted in more efficient service delivery, greater attendance rates, and adherence to the model. The stressors on the experienced facilitator, due to the abrupt transition and multiple technical and communication challenges, may have been mitigated by supervisor and collegial support, as well as careful preparation for herself and the participants. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of online versus face‐to‐face delivery of the intervention, including what works for whom.
Families in the Time of the Pandemic: Breakdown or Breakthrough?
Authors: Singh Reenee , Sim Timothy
Published: March 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has taken a toll on all individuals and their families around the world. Some suffer more adversely than others depending on their unique developmental needs, resources, and resilience. However, instead of breaking down, many families and therapists have hunkered down to cope with this ‘wicked’ situation as it continues to evolve. This article examines the unique challenges and opportunities of COVID‐19 for families at different life developmental stages, as well as the challenges and opportunities for systemic therapists as they venture into unfamiliar territory. Through a case example and by integrating recent literature related to this pandemic, we apply three key and interconnected systemic themes (unsafe uncertainty, family life cycle, and social diversity) to discuss the challenges and opportunities for families and therapists, respectively. We are optimistic that there are many possibilities as families and therapists draw on, and often reinvent, currently available resources to navigate their course in this pandemic. We also find that while the pandemic continues to present unsafe and uncertain situations, there are new ways of being and behaving, especially when families and professionals work together collaboratively. Despite formidable challenges, there are many opportunities, both within families and communities that cut through different social contexts related to family, culture, economics, and even politics. Families and therapists could endure better when they are more cognisant of how and what these contexts may impact and offer them.
Large‐area thin films of silk fibroin prepared by two methods with formic acid as solvent and glycerol as plasticizer
Authors: dos Santos Francisco Vieira , Yoshioka Sergio Akinobu , Branciforti Marcia Cristina
Published: March 2021

This article reports on an evaluation of the physical, chemical, thermal, morphological, and thermomechanical behavior of silk fibroin (SF) films conducted by a casting process with formic acid as solvent. Thin films of SF with and without glycerol were produced by two different methods, namely M1, from degummed SF, and M2, after degumming, dissolution, dialysis, centrifuge, and freeze‐drying of SF. According to the results, those fabricated by M1 are thinner and the addition of glycerol increased their thickness. All films showed high‐surface area of approximately 1033 cm2, good transparency, flexibility, absence of bubbles, hydrophilic characteristics, and high‐thermal stability. They displayed a predominantly crystalline structure, no heat‐induced crystallization, and spontaneous formation of β‐sheet, favored by a chemical treatment with ethanol and the plasticization with glycerol. Their morphology was dependent on the production method adopted, and the nanofibril structure of SF was kept in the films obtained by M1. The films proved viable for the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their adequate chemical, physical, and thermomechanical properties for this purpose. The preparation methods adopted enabled the regulation of both the structure and the material properties of SF films, and generated films of large dimensions and able for use in the treatment of patients with extensive burns on the body.
Sagittal suture morphological variation in human archaeological populations
Authors: Cheronet Olivia , Ash Abigail , Anders Alexandra , Dani János , Domboróczki László , Drozdova Eva , Francken Michael , Jovanovic Marija , Milasinovic Lidija , Pap Ildiko , Raczky Pál , Teschler‐Nicola Maria , Tvrdý Zdeněk , Wahl Joachim , Zariņa Gunita , Pinhasi Ron
Published: March 2021

Cranial sutures join the many bones of the skull. They are therefore points of weakness and consequently subjected to the many mechanical stresses affecting the cranium. However, the way in which this impacts their morphological complexity remains unclear. We examine the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of human sagittal sutures by quantifying the morphology from 107 individuals from archaeological populations spanning the Mesolithic to Middle ages, using standardized two‐dimensional photographs. Results show that the most important factor determining sutural complexity appears to be the position along the cranial vault from the junction with the coronal suture at its anterior‐most point to the junction with the lambdoid suture at its posterior‐most point. Conversely, factors such as age and lifeways show few trends in complexity, the most significant of which is a lower complexity in the sutures of Mesolithic individuals who consumed a tougher diet. The simple technique used in this study therefore allowed us to identify that, taken together, structural aspects play a more important role in defining the complexity of the human sagittal suture than extrinsic factors such as the mechanical forces imposed on the cranium by individuals' diet.
Embryology of the lower limb demonstrates that congenital absent fibula is a radiologic misnomer
Authors: Hootnick David R. , Levinsohn E. Mark
Published: March 2021

The congenitally shortened limb (CSL) with fibular deficiency or absence has historically been graded by plain radiography, while associated cartilaginous and arterial soft tissue anomalies have been comparatively neglected. Consistent pathological evidence of remnant cartilaginous bodies in place of the fibula presupposes earlier existence of a preformed cartilaginous template of the fibula. In complete fibular radiographic absences, often associated with midline metatarsal deficiencies, the two usual nutrient arteries to the fibula fail to form, as they normally would have, around the (16–18 mm stage) sixth embryonic week. The histopathology of fallow persisting fibular anlagen, in association with missing arteries and retained primitive arteries, suggests the anlage is a dystrophic, but otherwise normally prefigured, cartilaginous scaffold of the fibula. Thus, the widely employed term absent fibula, which has been grounded in plain radiography, is a misnomer. Additionally, since the metatarsals missing in congenitally shortened limb are midline, the related term, fibular hemimelia, is similarly inaccurate. A new taxonomy, based on embryological principles rather than radiographic appearance alone, will promote limb dystrophism as a more accurate term combining arrested embryonic vascular development and congenitally shortened limb of the lower extremity.
The superior accuracy of the arc electrode magnetic flowmeter: A numerical study
Authors: Beck Kade J. , Barfuss Steven L. , Moon Todd K. , Sharp Zachary B.
Published: March 2021

The superior accuracy of the arc electrode magnetic flowmeter is demonstrated by optimizing its weight function and comparing its performance downstream of a 90° elbow and gate valve (50% open) with that of an optimized multipoint (six‐electrode) and single‐point electrode flowmeter. Research literature is inconclusive on the necessary angle of arc electrode magnetic flowmeters, as well as the required spacing for multipoint flowmeters to optimize meter accuracy. This article determines the optimum configurations for both arc and multipoint flowmeters using the coefficient of variation of the weight function as the basis for optimization. This study illustrates that the accuracy of multipoint electrode flowmeters exhibits the same oscillatory behavior of single‐point flowmeters, but the magnitude of the deviation is greatly reduced. The numerical study also provides supporting evidence that the optimized arc electrode flowmeter is superior to the optimized multipoint and single‐point electrode flowmeters.

Article Impact Statement

Arc electrode flowmeters have the potential to increase the conservation of water through improved accuracy readings.
Tactical anger in negotiation: The expresser's perspective
Authors: Jang Daisung , Bottom William P.
Published: March 2021

Presenting programmed angry messages to a negotiator has increased concession rates in a series of recent experiments. But observing responses to a computer or confederate counterpart cannot yield insight into the perceptions, reactions, and negotiation outcomes experienced by those who actually deploy anger as a tactic. We report five studies examining the anger expression decision using a range of different methods. In the fully interactive two‐person integrative negotiation in Study 1, expressed anger generally degraded trust while damaging implementation of deals. That ultimately diminished value actually claimed by anger expressers. In the discrete choice experiment of Study 2, sending angry messages proved costly for expressers, who registered very high levels of measured disutility from using this tactic. In Study 3, survey respondents reported widespread unwillingness to misrepresent anger during negotiation. Recalling a past negotiation, anger correlated negatively with experienced success, indicating that disutility from expressing anger generalizes widely across different contexts. Study 4 revealed that negotiators generally consider the tactic to be unethical. More than just specific beliefs about the lack of efficacy, Study 5 revealed that the source of tactical disutility lies in generalized discomfort with the misrepresentation of anger. Implications for research, practice, and training are considered.
Sustainable liquid supports for laccase immobilization and reuse: Degradation of dyes in aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Ferreira Ana M. , Valente Ana I. , Castro Leonor S. , Coutinho João A. P. , Freire Mara G. , Tavares Ana P. M.
Published: March 2021

Novel liquid supports for enzyme immobilization and reuse based on aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) constituted by cholinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) and polymers for the degradation of dyes are here proposed. The biocatalytic reaction for dye decolorization using laccase occured in the biphasic medium, with the enzyme being “supported” in the IL‐rich phase and the dye and degradation products being enriched in the polymer‐rich phase. An initial screening of the laccase activity in aqueous solutions of ABS constituents, namely cholinium dihydrogen citrate ([Ch][DHC]), cholinium dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]), cholinium acetate ([Ch][Acet]), polypropylene glycol 400 (PPG 400), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and K2HPO4 was carried out. Compared to the buffered control, a relative laccase activity of up to 170%, 257%, and 530% was observed with PEG 400, [Ch][DHP], and [Ch][DHC], respectively. These ABS constituents were then investigated for the in situ enzymatic biodegradation of the Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. At the optimized conditions, the ABS constituted by PPG 400 at 46 wt% and [Ch][DHC] at 16 wt% leads to the complete degradation of the RBBR dye, further maintaining the enzyme activity. This ABS also allows an easy immobilization, recovery, and reuse of the biocatalyst for six consecutive reaction cycles, achieving a degradation yield of the dye of 96% in the last cycle. In summary, if properly designed, high enzymatic activities and reaction yields are obtained with ABS as liquid supports, while simultaneously overcoming the safety and environmental concerns of conventional organic solvents used in liquid–liquid heterogeneous reactions, thus representing more sustainable biocatalytic processes.
The role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Cui Cheng , Lan Penglin , Fu Li
Published: March 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses a range of malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which together represent the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide. However, despite numerous advances in both diagnostics and treatment, the incidence and mortality rate of GI cancer are on the rise. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that increase in number under certain pathological conditions, such as infection and inflammation, and this expansion is of particular relevance to cancer. MDSCs are heavily involved in the regulation of the immune system and act to dampen its response to tumors, favoring the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance and increasing both metastasis and recurrence. Several recent studies have supported the use of MDSCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with cancer, and potentially as a novel treatment target. In the present review, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs are described, and recent researches concerning the involvement of MDSCs in the progression, prognosis, and therapies of GI cancer are reviewed. The aim of this work was to present the development of novel treatments targeting MDSCs in GI cancer in the hope of improving outcomes for patients with this condition.
Impact of meningioma surgery on use of antiepileptic, antidepressant, and sedative drugs: A Swedish nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Thurin Erik , Rydén Isabelle , Skoglund Thomas , Smits Anja , Gulati Sasha , Hesselager Göran , Bartek Jiri , Henriksson Roger , Salvesen Øyvind , Jakola Asgeir S.
Published: March 2021

Background

Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and surgery is the main treatment modality. As death from lack of tumor control is rare, other outcome measures like anxiety, depression and post‐operative epilepsy are becoming increasingly relevant. In this nationwide registry‐based study we aimed to describe the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED), antidepressants and sedatives before and after surgical treatment of an intracranial meningioma compared to a control population, and to provide predictors for continued use of each drug‐group two years after surgery.

Methods

All adult patients with histopathologically verified intracranial meningiomas were identified in the Swedish Brain Tumor Registry and their data were linked to relevant national registries after assigning five matched controls to each patient. We analyzed the prescription patterns of antiepileptic drugs (AED), antidepressants and sedative drugs in the two years before and the two years following surgery.

Results

For the 2070 patients and 10312 controls identified the use of AED, antidepressants and sedatives was comparable two years before surgery. AED use at time of surgery was higher for patients than for controls (22.2% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.01), as was antidepressant use (12.9% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.01). Both AED and antidepressant use remained elevated after surgery, with patients having a higher AED use (19.7% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.01) and antidepressant use (14.8% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.01) at 2 years post‐surgery. Use of sedatives peaked for patients at the time of surgery (14.4% vs. 6.1%, p < 0.01) and remained elevated at two years after surgery with 9.9% versus 6.6% (p < 0.01). For all the studied drugs, previous drug use was the strongest predictor for use 2 years after surgery.

Conclusion

This nationwide study shows that increased use of AED, antidepressants and sedatives in patients with meningioma started perioperatively, and remained elevated two years following surgery.
Enucleation of recurrent central odontogenic fibroma and bone regeneration of the osseous defect with enamel matrix derivative and bone allograft: Case report with 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Do Jonathan H.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of mature fibrous connective tissue with variable amounts of inactive‐looking odontogenic epithelium. Few recurrences of central odontogenic fibroma (COF) have been reported in the literature. This manuscript reports the enucleation of a recurrent COF and bone regeneration of the osseous defect with enamel matrix derivative and bone allograft.

Case Presentation

A 28‐year‐old Asian female presented in 2015 with a palatal depression between #10 and 11. The patient previously had an odontogenic fibroma between #10 and 11 removed in 2008. Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation revealed a well‐defined, multiloculated radiolucency centered between #10 and 11 that extended from #9‐12, and from the alveolar crest to the anterior border and floor of the maxillary sinus. The lesion resulted in splaying of the roots of #10 and 11, external root resorption on #10, loss of crestal and palatal bone cortices, and thinning of labial cortex between #10 and 11. The patient was referred to an oral surgeon for biopsy, and the lesion was diagnosed as odontogenic fibroma. The lesion was enucleated. Enamel matrix derivative was applied to the affected teeth and defect, which was subsequently grafted with bone allograft. At the 5‐year follow‐up, bone was regenerated to the midroot of #10 and coronal third of #11, with reestablishment of crestal and palatal bone cortices.

Conclusion(s)

Enucleation of COF and regeneration of the osseous defect with enamel matrix derivative and bone allograft appear to be a viable treatment approach that allows for preservation of contiguous teeth.

Why is this case new information?

This appears to be the first publication to report on bone regeneration following enucleation of a recurrent odontogenic fibroma.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Graft material provided space maintenance and a scaffold for bone regeneration.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Loss of the labial bone resulted in a through‐and‐through defect between 10 and 11 that limited the amount of vertical bone regeneration.
Active surveillance of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from a prospective observational study (MaRCC)
Authors: Harrison Michael R. , Costello Brian A. , Bhavsar Nrupen A. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Pal Sumanta K. , Zakharia Yousef , Jim Heather S. L. , Fishman Mayer N. , Molina Ana M. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Tsao Che‐Kai , Appleman Leonard J. , Gartrell Benjamin A. , Hussain Arif , Stadler Walter M. , Agarwal Neeraj , Pachynski Russell K. , Hutson Thomas E. , Hammers Hans J. , Ryan Christopher W. , Inman Brant A. , Mardekian Jack , Borham Azah , George Daniel J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Systemic therapy (ST) can be deferred in patients who have metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and slow‐growing metastases. Currently, this subset of patients managed with active surveillance (AS) is not well described in the literature.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study of patients with mRCC across 46 US community and academic centers. The objective was to describe baseline characteristics and demographics of patients with mRCC initially managed by AS, reasons for AS, and patient outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize demographics, baseline characteristics, and patient‐related outcomes. Wilcoxon 2‐sample rank‐sum tests and χ2 tests were used to assess differences between ST and AS cohorts in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to assess survival.

Results

Of 504 patients, mRCC was initially managed by AS (n = 143) or ST (n = 305); 56 patients were excluded from the analysis. Disease was present in 69% of patients who received AS, whereas the remaining 31% had no evidence of disease. At data cutoff, 72 of 143 patients (50%) in the AS cohort had not received ST. The median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 122 months to not estimable) in patients who received AS versus 30 months (95% CI, 25‐44 months) in those who received ST. Quality of life at baseline was significantly better in patients who were managed with AS versus ST.

Conclusions

AS occurs frequently (32%) in real‐world clinical practice and appears to be a safe and appropriate alternative to immediate ST in selected patients.
Aptima HPV messenger RNA testing and histopathologic follow‐up in women with HSIL cytology: A study emphasizing additional review of HPV‐negative cases
Authors: Li Aofei , Li Juan , Austin R. Marshall , Wang Tiannan , Ashman Dayne , Zhang Huina , Matsko Jonee , Zhao Chengquan
Published: March 2021

Background

High‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) messenger RNA (mRNA) testing, the Food and Drug Administration–approved testing platform since 2013, has been increasing as a cervical screening alternative to hrHPV DNA testing methods. This study reports the largest routine clinical follow‐up study reported to date of hrHPV mRNA cotesting and histopathologic follow‐up results for women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology results.

Methods

HSIL Papanicolaou test results for women cotested with Aptima hrHPV mRNA testing between June 2015 and November 2020 were analyzed along with recorded histopathologic follow‐up results within 6 months of screening.

Results

Aptima hrHPV mRNA–positive results were reported for 95.2% of the cotested HSIL cytology cases (905 of 951). Histopathologic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was diagnosed on follow‐up in 538 of 701 hrHPV mRNA–positive cases (76.8%) and in 15 of 36 hrHPV mRNA–negative cases (41.7%). Additional reviews of the hrHPV mRNA–negative HSIL cases showed variable interpretations, and confirmatory blinded‐review interpretations of HSIL or atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were more likely in cases with histopathologic CIN2+ (77.5% [93 of 120]) than those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or negative findings (63.1% [101 of 160]; P < .01).

Conclusions

This large routine‐clinical‐practice study confirms the previously reported high sensitivity of hrHPV mRNA testing for the detection of high‐grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancers. The blinded‐review findings indicate that additional cytology review may be helpful for confirming an interpretation of HSIL in daily practice, especially for hrHPV‐negative HSIL cases.
The Five‐colour theory: A new approach to colour
Authors: Diethelm Barbara
Published: March 2021

As an artist and as a paint manufacturer, my concern is for all aspects of colour, particularly its harmonies. In 1995, I developed a colour system based on a set of five primary colours: my intention was to obtain the greatest number of pure hues with the least number of primary colours, and that, mixed in equal parts, these would yield a neutral black. This five‐colour theory was patented by the European Patent Office in 2001. A range of water‐based artists' colours, known as the Sirius Primary System, has been available for the past 25 years. An unlimited range of colours can be mixed using this concept, resulting in pure, harmonious, and vibrant colours, which can be applied in all areas where an expressive, creative use of colour is defined as the primary task: colour theory, colour education, art and design, colour concepts, and architecture. The fact that a full spectrum can be mixed from only five colours results in a very pleasurable introduction to painting as well as a great economic advantage.
The effect of decision time‐length condition on consumer product‐colour purchase decision
Authors: Yu Luwen , Westland Stephen , Li Zhenhong , Xia Guobin
Published: March 2021

This article describes a developed conceptual framework for understanding consumer product‐colour purchase decision in different time‐length conditions. The research and method were developed on the basis of research from authors' previous study. An influence element, decision conditions (especially, decision‐time‐length), has been introduced. The purpose of this study is to test whether the length of decision time‐length affects the stability of consumers' product‐colour decisions; also, to identify the relationship between the length of decision time and how extent of colour factors working on consumers' product‐colour decisions. This work used three research activities (two‐set online surveys and one‐set laboratory experiment) and two research methods (multiple choice for six‐alternative‐forced‐choice and multiple choice for rank order) with visual component to investigate which colour a participant would choose if asked to select a product to purchase when there is a range of colours available in different time‐length conditions, 64 participants were recruited to take part. The study finds that consumers might make different product‐colour decisions when they are in different shopping‐time conditions. The framework suggested that consumers' individual colour preferences may be more likely to influence consumers' product‐colour purchase intentions in short‐time decision‐making conditions; and primary colour factors might influence consumer product‐colour purchase intentions more in the long‐time decision‐making condition.
Polymorphic Control of α and βdl‐Methionine through Swift Cooling Crystallization Process
Authors: Suresh Manivel , Srinivasan Karuppannan
Published: March 2021

Polymorphic control and crystal nucleation of α and β polymorphs of dl‐methionine, an essential amino‐acid, is attained from saturated aqueous solution through swift cooling crystallization process by generating wide range of supersaturation (0.02 < σ < 2.19) in the temperature range of 323–274 K. The type of nucleation is very much supersaturation dependent: while lower supersaturation range (0.02 < σ < 0.08) prefers the stable β form, higher supersaturation range (1.20 < σ < 2.19) yields metastable α form. In situ optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses confirm the morphological and structural distinction of the grown polymorphs.
Maturation stage enamel defects in Odontogenesis‐associated phosphoprotein (Odaph) deficient mice
Authors: Ji Yikang , Li Cong , Tian Yuan , Gao Yan , Dong Zhiheng , Xiang Lili , Xu Zhenzhen , Gao Yuguang , Zhang Li
Published: March 2021

Background

Mutation in Odontogenesis‐associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) has been reported to cause recessive hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in human. However, the exact role of ODAPH in amelogenesis is still unknown.

Results

ODAPH was identified as a novel constituent of the atypical basal lamina located at the interface between maturation ameloblasts and the enamel by dual immunofluorescence staining of ODAPH and LAMC2. Odaph knockout mice were generated to explore the function of ODAPH in amelogenesis. Odaph−/− mice teeth showed severely attrition and reduced enamel mineralization. Histological analysis showed from transition or early‐maturation stage, ameloblasts were rapidly shortened, lost cell polarity, and exhibited cell pathology. Abundant enamel matrix marked by amelogenin was retained. Temporary cyst‐like structures were formed between flattened epithelial cells and the enamel from maturation stage to eruption. The integrity of the atypical basal lamina was impaired indicated by the reduced diffuse expression of LAMC2 and AMTN. The expression of maturation stage related genes of Amtn, Klk4, Integrinβ6 and Slc24a4 were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Our results suggested Odaph played vital roles during amelogenesis by maintaining the integrity of the atypical basal lamina in maturation stage, which may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of human AI.
A modified niche model for generating food webs with stage‐structured consumers: The stabilizing effects of life‐history stages on complex food webs
Authors: Nonaka Etsuko , Kuparinen Anna
Published: March 2021

Almost all organisms grow in size during their lifetime and switch diets, trophic positions, and interacting partners as they grow. Such ontogenetic development introduces life‐history stages and flows of biomass between the stages through growth and reproduction. However, current research on complex food webs rarely considers life‐history stages. The few previously proposed methods do not take full advantage of the existing food web structural models that can produce realistic food web topologies.

We extended the niche model developed by Williams and Martinez (Nature, 2000, 404, 180–183) to generate food webs that included trophic species with a life‐history stage structure. Our method aggregated trophic species based on niche overlap to form a life‐history structured population; therefore, it largely preserved the topological structure of food webs generated by the niche model. We applied the theory of allometric predator–prey body mass ratio and parameterized an allometric bioenergetic model augmented with biomass flow between stages via growth and reproduction to study the effects of a stage structure on the stability of food webs.

When life‐history stages were linked via growth and reproduction, more food webs persisted, and persisting food webs tended to retain more trophic species. Topological differences between persisting linked and unlinked food webs were small to modest. The slopes of biomass spectra were lower, and weak interaction links were more prevalent in the linked food webs than the unlinked ones, suggesting that a life‐history stage structure promotes characteristics that can enhance stability of complex food webs.

Our results suggest a positive relationship between the complexity and stability of complex food webs. A life‐history stage structure in food webs may play important roles in dynamics of and diversity in food webs.
Altered follicular regulatory T (Tfr)‐ and helper T (Tfh)‐cell subsets are associated with autoantibody levels in microscopic polyangiitis patients
Authors: Long Yan , Feng Jinghong , Ma Yinting , Sun Yuanyuan , Xu Lijuan , Song Ying , Liu Chen
Published: March 2021

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by B cells‐derived ANCAs, and ANCA was proved to be a key factor in its pathogenesis. Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were T‐cell subsets that play important roles in B‐cell maturation and antibody production. However, their significances in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) patients, one type of AAV, has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, comprehensive pattern analyses of circulating Tfr and Tfh were performed in MPA patients and healthy controls (HCs), and we found Tfr levels and Tfr/Tfh ratios were significantly decreased in MPA patients. Compared with HCs, Helios+, CD45RA‐FoxP3hi, and Ki‐67+ Tfr were lower in MPA patients, while CD226+ Tfr cells were higher. These phenotypes suggest that function and proliferation ability of Tfr cells were relatively impaired. Tfh subsets, including ICOS+PD‐1+ and Ki‐67+ Tfh, were significantly increased, suggesting that the function of Tfh was enhanced in MPA although the total Tfh levels did not change significantly. Circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts were significantly elevated and negatively correlated with Tfr levels and Tfr/Tfh ratios in MPA patients. In addition, Tfr levels and Tfr/Tfh ratios were negatively while Tfh was positively correlated with serum myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA levels. Furthermore, Tfr and Tfr/Tfh ratio were also reversely associated with SCr, BUN, IL‐4, and IL‐21 levels. Our results suggest that the imbalance of Tfr and Tfh functional subsets is related to increased level of autoantibodies in MPA patients, and we propose a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of MPA.
High Metal Chelating Properties from Rapeseed Meal Proteins to Counteract Lipid Oxidation in Foods: Controlled Proteolysis and Characterization
Authors: Durand Erwann , Beaubier Sophie , Fine Frederic , Villeneuve Pierre , Kapel Romain
Published: March 2021

Rapeseed meal proteins (RP) are enzymatically hydrolyzed using three individual proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, and Prolyve) and the enzymatic mechanism is studied. Rapeseed hydrolysates are produced under controlled conditions and the Prolyve hydrolysate is separated by membrane filtration. Their capacity to reduce free radicals (by transfer of hydrogen or electron) or transition metals (by electron transfer) in the absence of an oxidizable substrate, their metal chelating capacity as well as the antioxidant performances in model (conjugated autoxidizable triene assay) are investigated. All hydrolysates show a reduction capacity (by transfer of hydrogen or electron) and antioxidant activities, in a dose‐dependent manner, which are however not significantly increased in comparison to the native proteins. A noteworthy metal chelating activity of the peptides produced with Prolyve is highlighted. These results indicate the potential of valorization of RP as a source of high metal chelating peptides to counteract lipid oxidation in foods. Practical applications: Over the last decade, the antioxidative potential of peptides from plant biomass has been evidenced by much research. Considering the myriad of possible sources and the diversity of technology and means to obtain peptides from protein materials, it is reasonable to expect more applications. Concomitantly, preventing lipid oxidation, especially with the polyunsaturated fat‐based products, is a major concern in sectors such as agri‐food and cosmetic. Although the efficacy of synthetic antioxidants is recognized, both consumers and manufacturers are looking for more innovative, healthy, environmental‐friendly processes and quality products. In this context, a controlled proteolysis of proteins from plant by‐products can be used as a sustainable strategy to produce antioxidant peptides. Among them, new peptides released from rapeseed proteins with Prolyve can provide interesting metal chelators to counteract lipid oxidation in foods.
Double‐Headed Nucleotides with Non‐Native Nucleobases: Synthesis and Duplex Studies
Authors: Beck Kasper M. , Ruder Linette , Nicolai Tine S. , Pham Robert L. , Risgaard Nikolaj A. , Hornum Mick , Nielsen Poul
Published: March 2021

Double‐headed nucleotides are DNA building blocks that store, in principle, twice as much information as native nucleotides due to the incorporation of an additional functional nucleobase. Herein, we present the development of two new double‐headed nucleotides, UW and UZ, featuring a methylene‐linked 5‐aza‐7‐deazaxanthine (Z) and a propynyl‐linked pseudouracil (W), respectively, attached to the 2′‐position of arabinouridine. These analogs are evaluated in DNA duplexes for their ability to act as dinucleotides, and the base‐pairing specificities of the 2′‐nucleobases are compared to previous analogues. Although an improved discrimination was observed in the context of a cytosine mismatch using UZ, neither of the two new analogs gave rise to increased overall base‐pairing fidelity possibly due to the formation of stable wobble pairs. Furthermore, we present an improved synthetic strategy for the preparation of the corresponding diaminopurine analog (UD), in which the key fluoro‐to‐amino substitution is achieved post‐synthetically to avoid the use of doubly protected diaminopurines and complicated deprotections.
Keep a journal for reflection and responsibility
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: March 2021

While scrolling through LinkedIn recently, I happened upon an article from Harvard Business Review entitled “The More Senior Your Job Title, the More You Need to Keep a Journal.” Dan Ciampa wrote, “Journal entries should provide not only a record of what happened but how we reacted emotionally; writing it down brings a certain clarity that puts things in perspective.” He added, “A personal journal should be part of any leader's toolkit.”
Did court dismiss applicant's discrimination lawsuit?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2021

The plaintiff was a Black Lebanese citizen who sued American University for discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, and national origin.
Test‐optional policies fast‐tracked by COVID‐19 increase equity in college admissions
Authors: Bannister Mary
Published: March 2021

Test‐optional admissions were front and center for Sonya K. Smith when she started as Vassar College's Dean of Admission and Student Financial Services in fall 2019. Data indicated that high school GPA is a much better indicator of success at Vassar than SAT and ACT scores, especially for students of color. Smith saw that, for many students, testing is a barrier that can cause institutions to overlook talented and diverse applicants. After collecting data for several months, when COVID‐19 shutdowns began in March, Vassar administrators decided the time to pilot test‐optional admissions had arrived. Vassar has extended its test‐optional policy for the next two years, and its first test‐optional class of students will begin this fall.
Large Eddy Simulation of three‐dimensional flow structures over wave‐generated ripples
Authors: Jin Chuang , Coco Giovanni , Tinoco Rafael O. , Ranjan Pallav , San Juan Jorge , Dutta Som , Friedrich Heide , Gong Zheng
Published: March 2021

We performed a three‐dimensional high‐resolution Large Eddy Simulation using a sinusoidal ripple‐like bedform geometry with spacing and amplitude consistent with equilibrium conditions under the prescribed oscillatory forcing. The simulation results are validated qualitatively and quantitatively with previous laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Our numerical simulations allow to analyze the presence of “ribs”, strong flow rotational features in the spanwise direction developing perpendicular to the ripple crest. We show that ribs tend to appear on the upslope and crest of ripples and display a dominant spacing, ranging from 0.5λ to λ, during wave phases associated to flow acceleration. When the vortex is transported over the downstream ripple during the flow deceleration, ribs appear for the second time over the upslope of the downstream ripple, with the dominant spacing about 1/8 ripple wavelength. The presence of flow three‐dimensionality corresponds to a large variability of the shear stress over ripples in the spanwise direction, which could ultimately favor the development of three‐dimensional geometry. The three‐dimensional vortex dynamics are evaluated using the concept of vortex strength. Peak vortex strength is observed at the maximum free stream velocity, but the largest variation of the vortex strength and vortex size in the spanwise direction occurs prior to the flow reversal. The variability of the vortex structures might provide a favorable setting for the development of ribs and might relate to the spacing of ribs.
Marmora of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain): New data provided by archaeometric analysis
Authors: Becerra‐Fernández Daniel , Ontiveros‐Ortega Esther , Beltrán‐Fortes José
Published: March 2021

This article aims to identify a series of stone materials used in the ornamentation of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, prov. Seville, Spain), the imperial cult shrine commissioned by Hadrian in honour of his adoptive father, Trajan, from a petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical point of view. The study highlights the simultaneous use of local and, above all, foreign marbles. Local marbles from Almadén de la Plata (prov. Seville) and Hill of Mijas (prov. Malaga) were used particularly for wall coverings and pavements, whereas Luni‐Carrara marble stands out as the preferred ornamental foreign marble used in column shafts, bases, capitals, balustrade finishes, and so forth. In addition, cipollino marble was mainly used for the column shafts of the hecatostylon portico, but the analysis has not been able to specify its exact provenance, whether it is from Euboea or local, possibly the area of Almadén de la Plata. However, given that this was a construction promoted by the emperor, it might be possible that it would have come from Greece.
Engaging leadership: Enhancing work engagement through intrinsic values and need satisfaction
Authors: van Tuin Lars , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Van den Broeck Anja
Published: March 2021

Should leaders pay more attention to values? The present study aims to examine and explain the associations of engaging leadership (EL) with employees' perceptions of the organization's values, need fulfillment, and employee engagement. EL is a recent leadership concept drawing on self‐determination theory, specifically on the fulfillment of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We expected EL to associate with employees perceiving the values of their organization as more intrinsic (e.g., care for others, contributing to making the world a better place, stimulating personal growth), which would satisfy employees' basic psychological needs and fuel work engagement, rather than as extrinsic (financial success, power, status). Study 1 detailed the model using a cross‐sectional study design (N = 436), and, as expected, structural equation modeling identified a positive path from leadership to work engagement via perceived intrinsic organizational values and subsequent satisfaction of the need for autonomy. EL associated negatively with extrinsic organizational values. Study 2 corroborated outcomes of study 1 through a longitudinal study across three time‐points (N = 69) in a cross‐lagged panel model and found specific directionality from leadership to perceived intrinsic values. Implications for leadership and motivation are discussed.
Do leaders condone unethical pro‐organizational employee behaviors? The complex interplay between leader organizational identification and moral disengagement
Authors: Schuh Sebastian C. , Cai Yahua , Kaluza Antonia J. , Steffens Niklas K. , David Emily M. , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: March 2021

Considering recent corporate scandals, organizations have increased their efforts to curb unethical employee behavior. However, little is known about whether leaders comply with these efforts and how they respond to unethical employee behavior, especially when unethical actions benefit the organization. By integrating arguments from social identity and moral disengagement theories, we develop and test a model to explain how leaders respond to unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB) among employees. Results from one multi‐wave, multi‐source field study and one experiment showed that leader perceptions of employee UPB were positively related to leader trust in employees when leaders identified strongly with their organization or when they had a strong propensity to morally disengage. Moreover, the results revealed an important three‐way interaction effect. Leaders put considerable trust into UPB‐enacting employees when leaders both identified strongly with the organization and showed high levels of moral disengagement. In contrast, they put little trust into UPB‐enacting employees when leaders identified weakly with the organization and reported low moral disengagement. Furthermore, results showed that leader trust ultimately translated into perceived leader justice toward employees. These findings provide new and important insights into when organizations can(not) rely on their leaders to manage unethical employee behaviors.
Back Cover Image
Authors: Di Jiayu , Du Jianhui , Lin Zhenhua , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing
Published: March 2021

The advent of IOT has led to the emergence of massive data storage and processing problems. Resistive random access memories (RRAMs) are expected to break through Moore's law and solve the Von Neumann limit. Significant progress has been made in the field of RRAMs using lead halide perovskite as storage medium. The authors of this manuscript summarized the working principle and current research progress of perovskite‐based resistive memory, and discussed key factors hindering the development and future development prospects. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12162).

image