bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Surgical Tenodesis for Treatment of Distal Semitendinosus Hamstring Tendon Injuries
Authors: Thompson Joshua W. , Plastow Ricci , Kayani Babar , Baawa-Ameyaw Joanna , Moriarty Peter , Asokan Ajay , Haddad Fares S.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Understanding the optimal management of distal semitendinosus hamstring injuries is critical for reducing pain, restoring preinjury function, maintaining knee stability, improving hamstring muscle strength, and minimizing the risk of complications and recurrence. To our knowledge, the outcomes of surgical tenodesis for distal semitendinosus hamstring injuries have not been previously reported.

Hypothesis:

Surgical tenodesis for injuries of the semitendinosus would enable return to preinjury level of sport with low risk of recurrence.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This prospective single-surgeon study included 13 professional athletes (12 men, 1 woman; mean age, 32 ± 8.2 years; mean body mass index, 26.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2) undergoing treatment for distal semitendinosus hamstring injuries with primary tenodesis to the distal semimembranosus. Indications for surgical tenodesis included distal semitendinosus tendon avulsion injury (n = 8) or residual tendon instability and hamstring weakness after semitendinosus graft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 5). All study patients underwent a standardized postoperative rehabilitation program. The primary outcome was defined as time for return to sporting activity. Secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction, injury recurrence, and complications. The mean follow-up time was 17 months (range, 12-24 months) from date of surgery.

Results:

All study patients returned to their preinjury level of sporting activity. The mean time from the surgical intervention to return to full sporting activity was 15 ± 4.6 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, all study patients were still participating at their preinjury level of sporting activity, and 12 patients (92%) were very satisfied and 1 patient (8%) was satisfied about the outcomes of their surgery. No study patients had recurrence of the primary injury. No surgical complications, injury recurrence, or reoperations were observed within the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Early return to sporting activity was seen after surgical tenodesis for distal semitendinosus hamstring injuries after acute trauma or residual symptoms following previous hamstring graft harvest, with high levels of patient satisfaction and low risk of recurrence at short-term follow-up.
Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Patellar Fixation Techniques in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: Transosseous Sutures vs Suture Anchors
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Hangzhou
Published: October 2021

Background:

Multiple techniques for fixing a graft to the patella in medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction have been described; however, no single technique has been shown to be superior to another.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance of 2 different patellar fixation techniques: suture anchor (SA) and transosseous suture (TS) fixation. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences between the groups in ultimate failure load, stiffness, or elongation.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In this study, a new TS technique was biomechanically compared with the SA technique for MPFL reconstruction using 24 fresh-frozen mature porcine patellae and porcine flexor profundus tendons. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups undergoing MPFL reconstruction using either the SA technique or the TS technique (n = 12 per group). Fixation with TS was completed using 3 No. 2 UltraBraid sutures and three 2-mm transosseous tunnels. SA reconstruction was completed using 2 parallel 3.5-mm titanium SAs with 2 No. 2 UltraBraid sutures. We preconditioned each graft using a force between 5 and 20 N before cyclic loading. Then, the specimens were biomechanically tested (1000 cycles; 5-100 N; 1 Hz) and loaded under tension at 200 mm/min until failure. The ultimate failure load, stiffness, elongation, and failure mode were recorded for each specimen. The Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t tests were used to assess the data.

Results:

The TS technique resulted in a significantly higher mean failure load than did the SA technique (496.18 ± 93.15 vs 399.43 ± 105.35 N; P = .03). The TS technique resulted in less stiffness than did the SA technique (55.42 ± 7.92 vs 72.11 ± 10.64 N/mm; P < .01). There was no significant difference between the groups in elongation. None of the graft fixation/patellar complexes failed during cyclic testing in either group. During the load-to-failure test, the most common mode of failure in the SA group was an anchor being pulled out of the bone, whereas that in the TS group was rupture of the suture material.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction with 3 TSs provided a higher load to failure than did the commonly used fixation method involving SAs.
The salutary effect of peritoneal dialysis catheters on enhanced recovery among high-risk pediatric patients undergoing the left coronary transfer procedure: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Chunrong , Wang Yuefu , Yan Fuxia , Fu Peng , Li Jun , Yang Lijing , Shi Sheng , Wang Jianhui , Gao Yuchen , Wang Sudena , Tian Yu
Published: October 2021

Background

Evidence for peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) usage in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for deteriorating cardiac dysfunction is lacking. This investigation explored factors associated with PDC usage and its effectiveness in children with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA).

Methods

Eighty-four children undergoing left coronary artery transfer were retrospectively recruited. The primary endpoint was the postoperative ratio of the general ward/[intensive care unit (ICU)] length of stay. Univariable and multivariable analyses were fitted to assess factors related most strongly to PDC and the ratio of general ward/ICU length of stay.

Results

Of the 84 patients, 17 (20.2%) underwent postoperative PDC placement. Patients with extreme cardiac dysfunction [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤25%] were much more likely to require a PDC (OR, 9.88; 95% CI, 2.13–45.76; P = 0.003). Moreover, univariate analysis indicated that concomitant mitral repair significantly decreased the likelihood of PDC placement (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07–0.85; P = 0.026). In those with cardiac dysfunction (LVEF ≤50%), PDC use was associated with a reduced ratio of ward/ICU length of stay (B, − 1.62; 95% CI, − 2.77– -0.46; P = 0.008), as was age ≤ 12 months (B, − 1.57; 95% CI, − 2.88– -0.26; P = 0.02). At the 1-year follow-up, cardiac improvement was significantly greater in patients with PDC usage than in those without it (P <  0.001), and the number of mitral recoveries was comparable between the groups (64.2% vs. 53.3%, P = 0.434).

Conclusion

In cohorts with ALCAPA, PDC placement following surgery may be necessary for patients with extreme cardiac compromise, while concomitant mitral repair can probably reduce their usage rate. PDC is beneficial in conferring an improvement in cardiac and mitral performance. Importantly, after patients are transferred from the ICU, recovery efficiency in the general ward can be enhanced by PDC placement, and hospital discharge can therefore be achieved early, especially for patients younger than 12 months or with LVEF ≤50%.
Validity and reliability of a Persian version of the self- evaluation of negative symptoms (SNS)
Authors: Mazhari Shahrzad , Karamooz Anahita , Shahrbabaki Mahin Eslami , Jahanbakhsh Farzaneh , Dollfus Sonia
Published: October 2021

Aim

The Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) has been developed to allow schizophrenia patients to evaluate themselves in five dimensions of negative symptoms. The present study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the Persian version of SNS.

Methods

A group of 50 patients with schizophrenia and a group of 50 healthy controls received the Persian-SNS. Severity of negative symptoms were evaluated by the Scale for Assessment of Negative symptoms (SANS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).

Results

The results showed that the Cronbach’s alpha for the Persian SNS was 0.95. The Persian-SNS and its subscales showed significant positive correlations with the total SANS score and SANS subscales as well as BPRS negative subscale, thus confirming the validity of the scale. Finally, the Persian-SNS showed the ability to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls.

Conclusion

The acceptable properties of the Persian version of SNS demonstrated that it is a practical tool for screening negative symptoms in Persian-speaking schizophrenia patients.
Antibacterial and anti-Trichomonas Vaginalis effects of Rosa Damascena mill petal oil (a persian medicine product), aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts
Authors: Saghafi Fatemeh , Mirzaie Farzaneh , Gorji Elham , Nabimeybodi Razieh , Fattahi Mehdi , Mahmoodian Hamed , Zareshahi Rahele
Published: October 2021

Background

Oils in traditional medicine are important products and used routinely for therapeutic purposes. Rose oil (Rosa damascene Mill), a product of Persian medicine, is advised for the treatment of Infectious diseases related to the female genitourinary tract. In the present study, R. damascena petal oil, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis effects.

Methods

Anti-trichomonas activity evaluation of extracts and oil were assayed by the Homocytometery method. Their antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and clinically isolated Group B Streptococcus were assayed by broth microdilution in 96-well plates.

Results

The MIC of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts ranged from 25-50 and 25-100 mg/ml, respectively. Rose oil at all administered doses failed to show any antibacterial activity.

Conclusion

All extracts and oil concentrations showed some degree of growth inhibition activity on T. vaginalis; however, hydroalcoholic extract was more efficient.
Clinical application of pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Deng Jianying
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a type of malignant pulmonary vascular disease, which is mainly caused by the increase of pulmonary vascular resistance due to the pathological changes of the pulmonary arteriole itself, which eventually leads to right heart failure and death. As one of the diagnostic indicators of hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular resistance plays an irreplaceable role in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It provides more references for the evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This article summarizes the clinical application of pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Klotho and SIRT1 changes from pre-diabetes to diabetes and pre-hypertension to hypertension
Authors: Yeganeh-Hajahmadi Mahboobeh , Najafipour Hamid , Rostamzadeh Farzaneh , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Background

Hypertension and diabetes are among the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Klotho and SIRT1 are known as anti-aging factors with beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. In this study we investigated the serum Klotho and SIRT1 levels in pre-diabetic and pre-hypertensive individuals and then in diabetic and hypertensive patients to see their relationship with these diseases.

Method

229 individuals divided into six groups with similar gender and age distribution 1—Control (normal BP and FBS) 2—pre-diabetic (FBS between 100 and 125 mg/dl) 3—diabetic (FBS ≥ 126 mg/dl), 4—pre-hypertensive (SBP 120–139 or DBP 80–89 mm Hg) 5—hypertensive (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg), and 6—patients with combined hypertension/diabetes. Serum levels of Klotho and SIRT1 were measured by ELISA method.

Results

Serum Klotho and STRT1 levels decreased in pre-diabetes and returned to normal in diabetic patients. Their concentration increased in pre-hypertension and recovered to normal in hypertension. In the physiologic range of FBS there is a negative correlation between Klotho and SIRT1 with FBS. When pathologic ranges of FBS added to analysis, the negative correlation abolished/U shaped. Also an inverse U shape correlation observed between Klotho and SIRT1 with MAP in the range of normal to hypertensive BP levels. There was an overall positive relationship between the serum levels of Klotho and SIRT1 themselves.

Conclusion

The serum levels of the anti-aging proteins Klotho and SIRT1 increases or reduces at the onset of the disease, as a compensatory mechanism, but as the disease progresses their level recovers.
High-throughput and affordable genome-wide methylation profiling of circulating cell-free DNA by methylated DNA sequencing (MeD-seq) of LpnPI digested fragments
Authors: Deger Teoman , Boers Ruben G. , de Weerd Vanja , Angus Lindsay , van der Put Marjolijn M. J. , Boers Joachim B. , Azmani Z. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Grünhagen Dirk J. , van Dessel Lisanne F. , Lolkema Martijn P. J. K. , Verhoef Cornelis , Sleijfer Stefan , Martens John W. M. , Gribnau Joost , Wilting Saskia M.
Published: October 2021

Background

DNA methylation detection in liquid biopsies provides a highly promising and much needed means for real-time monitoring of disease load in advanced cancer patient care. Compared to the often-used somatic mutations, tissue- and cancer-type specific epigenetic marks affect a larger part of the cancer genome and generally have a high penetrance throughout the tumour. Here, we describe the successful application of the recently described MeD-seq assay for genome-wide DNA methylation profiling on cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The compatibility of the MeD-seq assay with different types of blood collection tubes, cfDNA input amounts, cfDNA isolation methods, and vacuum concentration of samples was evaluated using plasma from both metastatic cancer patients and healthy blood donors (HBDs). To investigate the potential value of cfDNA methylation profiling for tumour load monitoring, we profiled paired samples from 8 patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) before and after surgery.

Results

The MeD-seq assay worked on plasma-derived cfDNA from both EDTA and CellSave blood collection tubes when at least 10 ng of cfDNA was used. From the 3 evaluated cfDNA isolation methods, both the manual QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen) and the semi-automated Maxwell® RSC ccfDNA Plasma Kit (Promega) were compatible with MeD-seq analysis, whereas the QiaSymphony DSP Circulating DNA Kit (Qiagen) yielded significantly fewer reads when compared to the QIAamp kit (p < 0.001). Vacuum concentration of samples before MeD-seq analysis was possible with samples in AVE buffer (QIAamp) or water, but yielded inconsistent results for samples in EDTA-containing Maxwell buffer. Principal component analysis showed that pre-surgical samples from CRLM patients were very distinct from HBDs, whereas post-surgical samples were more similar. Several described methylation markers for colorectal cancer monitoring in liquid biopsies showed differential methylation between pre-surgical CRLM samples and HBDs in our data, supporting the validity of our approach. Results for MSC, ITGA4, GRIA4, and EYA4 were validated by quantitative methylation specific PCR.

Conclusions

The MeD-seq assay provides a promising new method for cfDNA methylation profiling. Potential future applications of the assay include marker discovery specifically for liquid biopsy analysis as well as direct use as a disease load monitoring tool in advanced cancer patients.
When obstetrics–gynecology specialists need to call an ophthalmologist urgently: a case report
Authors: Masmejan S. , Guex-Crosier Y. , Diserens C. , Vouga M. , Clottu A. S. , Ribi C. , Mathevet P. , Jacot-Guillarmod M.
Published: October 2021

Background

We report here a case of a healthy 23-year-old female patient who was assessed at the gynecology emergency department for genital ulcers, fever, and blurred vision. After suspicion of herpes simplex virus-2 lesions, the diagnosis of Behçet’s disease was made. We report this case with the aim of including Behçet’s disease in the differential diagnosis of genital ulcers, and emphasize the emergency of the vision loss that can be irreversible.

Case presentation

A healthy 23-year-old European female patient was assessed by gynecology in the emergency department for genital lesions associated with fever and blurred vision. At first, these lesions were suspected to be primary herpes simplex virus-2 infection One day later, she experienced decreased visual acuity in both eyes. After 4 days of worsening genital ulcers and persistent blurred vision, the patient was referred to the ophthalmology department. Fundoscopic examination showed retinal hemorrhages that were consistent with the first presentation of Behçet’s disease.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates that genital ulcers can be the very initial symptom of this ophthalmologic emergency. The differential diagnosis of genital ulcers is challenging. Behçet’s disease should be included, especially when associated with systemic or ocular manifestations, and should be considered an emergency for the gynecologist to prevent long-term vision loss.
Body fluids from the rat exposed to chlorpyrifos induce cytotoxicity against the corresponding tissue−derived cells in vitro
Authors: Liang Yu-Jie , Long Ding-Xin , Xu Ming-Yuan , Wang Hui-Ping , Sun Ying-Jian , Wu Yi-Jun
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aims to establish an in vitro monitoring approach to evaluate the pesticide exposures. We studied the in vitro cytotoxicity of three different body fluids of rats to the respective corresponding tissue-derived cells.

Methods

Wistar rats were orally administrated daily with three different doses of chlorpyrifos (1.30, 3.26, and 8.15 mg/kg body weight/day, which is equal to the doses of 1/125, 1/50, and 1/20 LD50, respectively) for consecutive 90 days. Blood samples as well as 24-hour urine and fecal samples were collected and processed. Then, urine, serum, and feces samples were used to treat the correspondent cell lines, i.e., T24 bladder cancer cells, Jurkat lymphocytes, and HT-29 colon cancer cells respectively, which derived from the correspondent tissues that could interact with the respective corresponding body fluids in organism. Cell viability was determined by using MTT or trypan blue staining.

Results

The results showed that urine, serum, and feces extract of the rats exposed to chlorpyrifos displayed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to the cell lines. Furthermore, we found that the cytotoxicity of body fluids from the exposed animals was mainly due to the presence of 3, 4, 5-trichloropyrindinol, the major toxic metabolite of chlorpyrifos.

Conclusions

These findings indicated that urine, serum, and feces extraction, especially urine, combining with the corresponding tissue-derived cell lines as the in vitro cell models could be used to evaluate the animal exposure to pesticides even at the low dose with no apparent toxicological signs in the animals. Thus, this in vitro approach could be served as complementary methodology to the existing toolbox of biological monitoring of long-term and low-dose exposure to environmental pesticide residues in practice.
Causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Guiwu , Cai Jiahao , Li Wenchang , Zhong Yanlin , Liao Weiming , Wu Peihui
Published: October 2021

Background

Educational attainment is moderately heritable and inversely associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the causality from educational attainment on rheumatoid arthritis remained unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether educational attainment is causally associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

Summary statistics data for RA were obtained from an available, published meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that included 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls of European ancestry. The instrumental variables for educational attainment were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis that included over 1 million individuals (N = 1,131,881) of European ancestry. MR analyses were mainly performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to test the robustness of the association using the weighted median method, MR-Egger, Cochran Q test, “leave-one-out” analysis and MR-PRESSO test.

Results

A total of 387 SNPs were employed as instrumental variables in our MR analysis. Genetically predicted higher educational attainment was associated with a significantly lower risk of RA using the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–0.52; p = 1.78 × 10− 14). The weighted median method and MR Egger regression analysis yielded consistent results. The effect estimate remained robust after the outlier variants and SNPs (associated with the confounding factors) were excluded. “Leave-one-out” analysis confirmed the stability of our results. Additionally, the results suggested the absence of the horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusions

The MR analysis supported a potential inverse causative relationship between educational attainment and the risk of RA.
Narrating North Korean History through Socialist Bloc Archives: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Authors: Person James F.
Published: October 2021

While the secretive North Korean government restricts access to its archives, and reliable statistical data is hard to come by, scholars have access to many more sources on North Korean history than most people think. Among the available materials is the diplomatic record of North Korea’s former communist allies, which provides backdoor access into prevailing political, economic, and cultural conditions in the DPRK throughout the Cold War. These materials have shed rare light on flash points in modern Korean history, including the Korean War and incidents that transformed North Korea’s political and diplomatic behavior, for example the 1956 August Plenum of the Korean Workers’ Party. Yet, as this article argues, these materials are not without their shortcomings and come with a few caveats. Scholars should not treat what these materials report as empirical fact on the grounds of which one can write an authoritative history of the DPRK. Just as no responsible scholar of American foreign relations would utilize US records without questioning them for evidence of Orientalist thinking, scholars utilizing the Soviet bloc records should first interrogate the materials for subjective perceptions or racialized assumptions about North Korea’s political and cultural inferiority that influenced the diplomats who authored the documents.
Interrupting “The Sadist’s Gaze”
Authors: Sanos Sandrine
Published: October 2021

This article proposes that returning Denise Riley’s work on (and troubling of) the category of “women” offers a feminist theorizing and politics that remains both critical and relevant to the political present. It argues that reading Riley again, alongside other anti-essentialist feminist thinkers, reveals the distinctiveness, force, and capaciousness of her project, which lay in her attention to historicity, form, language, and affect. It is precisely the poetics of Riley’s feminist thought that sustain the critical orientation that must animate feminism’s utopian desires.
Collective Biologies
Authors: Wentzell Emily A.
Published: October 2021

In Collective Biologies, Emily A. Wentzell uses sexual health research participation as a case study for investigating the use of individual health behaviors to aid groups facing crisis and change. Wentzell analyzes couples' experiences of a longitudinal study of HPV occurrence in men in Cuernavaca, Mexico. She observes how their experiences reflected Mexican cultural understandings of group belonging through categories like family and race. For instance, partners drew on collective rather than individualistic understandings of biology to hope that men's performance of “modern” masculinities, marriage, and healthcare via HPV research would aid groups ranging from church congregations to the Mexican populace. Thus, Wentzell challenges the common regulatory view of medical research participation as an individual pursuit. Instead, she demonstrates that medical research is a daily life arena that people might use for fixing embodied societal problems. By identifying forms of group interconnectedness as “collective biologies,” Wentzell investigates how people can use their own actions to enhance collective health and well-being in ways that neoliberal emphasis on individuality obscures.
Spatial externalities and agglomerations in spatiotemporal economics
Authors: Τσαγγάρης Σπυρίδων
Published: October 2021

Η χωρική συγκέντρωση της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας παρουσιάζει σημαντικές διακυμάνσεις οι οποίες οφείλονται σε έναν συνδυασμό εξωγενών γεωγραφικών χαρακτηριστικών και ενδογενών οικονομικών αιτιών. Παρόλο που η παράμετρος του χώρου διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην οικονομική δραστηριότητα και στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση και ανάπτυξη μπορούμε να ισχυριστούμε ότι η αλληλεπίδραση των οικονομικών μονάδων σε συνάρτηση της τοποθεσίας τους δεν έχει αναλυθεί αρκετά από την οικονομική θεωρία. Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής αποτελεί να συμβάλει στη δημιουργία δυναμικών χωρικά κατανεμημένων υποδειγμάτων οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης επεκτείνοντας την υπάρχουσα θεωρία οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης η οποία στηρίζεται στη διαδικασία της έρευνας και την ανάπτυξης με σκοπό την ταυτόχρονη χωρική και χρονική ανάλυση. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο της διατριβής εξετάζει την βιβλιογραφία και παραθέτει τα εργαλεία και τις μεθόδους που καθιστούν εφικτή την μαθηματική προτυποποίηση οικονομικών φαινομένων τα οποία απαιτούν ταυτόχρονη χωρική και χρονική ανάλυση. Επιπλέον, μελετάται η θεωρία άριστου ελέγχου σε αναδρομικά απείρου τελικού χρονικού ορίζοντα χωρικά προβλήματα. Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται τρόποι παράκαμψης των προβλημάτων που παρουσιάζονται σε χωρικά μοντέλα προσανατολισμένα στο μέλλον στα οποία οι οικονομικές μονάδες έχουν προνοητική συμπεριφορά. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζει ένα δυναμικό χωρικό υπόδειγμα ενδογενούς οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης. Επιλύονται τα προβλήματα του κοινωνικού σχεδιαστή και της ανταγωνιστικής ισορροπίας. Αναλύονται οι διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο και προτείνονται μέτρα οικονομικής πολιτικής τα οποία θα μπορούσαν να εξαλείψουν τη διάσταση μεταξύ ιδιωτικής και κοινωνικής ωφέλειας. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται ένα δυναμικό χωρικό υπόδειγμα ενδογενούς οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης το οποίο επιτρέπει την κινητικότητα του εργατικού δυναμικού. Χρησιμοποιώντας αριθμητικά παραδείγματα μελετάται πως η κινητικότητα του εργατικού δυναμικού επηρεάζει την οικονομική ανάπτυξη κάθε περιοχής, το επίπεδο των υποδομών καθώς και του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος. Τέλος, εξετάζεται τι αποτελέσματα θα έχουν πολιτικές σχετιζόμενες με την κινητικότητα του εργατικού δυναμικού στην κοινωνική ευημερία.
Η συμβολή της έκδοσης των M.E.G.A. σε κρίσιμα ζητήματα της Μαρξιστικής Πολιτικής Οικονομίας
Authors: Μπαλωμένος Χρήστος
Published: October 2021

Σε αυτήν τη διατριβή διερευνώνται θεωρητικά και αρχειογραφικά μία σειρά ζητήματα που συνδέονται με το "Κεφάλαιο" του Karl Marx και τη συζήτηση που έχει διεξαχθεί στους κόλπους της Μαρξιστικής Πολιτικής Οικονομίας γύρω από αυτό. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε τρία Μέρη ενώ κάθε Μέρος διαρθρώνεται σε επιμέρους κεφάλαια. Στο πρώτο Μέρος της διατριβής παρουσιάζεται η ιστορία της θεωρητικής αντιπαράθεσης γύρω από το Κεφάλαιο στο πλαίσιο της Μαρξιστικής Πολιτικής Οικονομίας από το θάνατο του Marx μέχρι και την έκδοση του βιβλίου του P. Sweezy "Theory of Capitalist Development" το 1942. Σε αυτήν την περίοδο η συζήτηση επικεντρώνεται γύρω από τη θεωρητική συνοχή των τριών τόμων του "Κεφαλαίου" αλλά και την επάρκεια του για την ανάλυση της μεταβαλλόμενης πραγματικότητας της καπιταλιστικής οικονομίας.Στο δεύτερο Μέρος της διατριβής παρουσιάζεται η πορεία δημιουργίας του θεωρητικού ρεύματος της Νέας Ανάγνωσης του Μαρξ κατά τη μεταπολεμική περίοδο και οι βασικές αντιλήψεις του. Βασικό στοιχείο αυτής της πορείας είναι η σταδιακή μετατόπιση της έμφασης του ενδιαφέροντος των μαρξιστών θεωρητικών στις καπιταλιστικές χώρες από τα καθαυτό ζητήματα της μαρξιστικής Πολιτικής Οικονομίας προς ζητήματα φιλοσοφίας, μεθόδου και «επιστημολογίας» του μαρξισμού με παράλληλη ενίσχυση των ιδεαλιστικών στοιχείων στις αναλύσεις τους. Το συμπέρασμα που απορρέει από τη θεωρητική συζήτηση όπως παρουσιάζεται στα δύο πρώτα Μέρη της διατριβής είναι ότι η συζήτηση γύρω από το "Κεφάλαιο" επικεντρώνεται στα ζητήματα της αξίας, της πίστης και της κρίσης.Στο τρίτο Μέρος της εργασίας περιλαμβάνεται η αρχειογραφική εξέταση της επιχειρηματολογίας της Νέας Ανάγνωσης του Μαρξ και του βασικού σύγχρονου εκπροσώπου της, του Michael Heinrich, α) περί σημαντικής θεωρητικής μετατόπισης του Marx τη δεκαετία του 1870 και β) περί τροποποίησης του πνεύματος και του περιεχομένου τμημάτων των μαρξικών χειρογράφων του τρίτου τόμου κατά την επιμέλεια της έκδοσης αυτού του τόμου από τον Engels. Η αρχειογραφική μελέτη γίνεται μέσω της μελέτης αυτών των χειρογράφων, όπως περιλαμβάνονται στη Συνολική Έκδοση των Μαρξ και Ένγκελς (Marx Engels Gesamtausgabe, MEGA), αλλά και της σύγκρισης τους με βασικά σημεία της έκδοσης του τρίτου τόμου και συγκεκριμένα με το τρίτο και το πέμπτο Τμήμα της που ασχολούνται με το τοκοφόρο κεφάλαιο, την Πίστη και το νόμο της πτωτικής τάσης του ποσοστού κέρδους αντίστοιχα.Το βασικό συμπέρασμα αυτής της αρχειογραφιικής μελέτης είναι ότι δεν μπορούν να στοιχειοθετηθούν αυτά τα δύο επιχειρήματα του Heinrich και συνεπώς το "Κεφάλαιο" από τη μία αποτυπώνει την πραγματική σκέψη του Marx και στο ύστερο στάδιο της ζωής του ενώ από την άλλη διατηρεί στο ακέραιο τη θεωρητική συνοχή του και την ικανότητα ερμηνείας των φαινομένων της σύγχρονης καπιταλιστικής οικονομίας.
Routing Methods for Mobile Ad-hoc Network: A Review and Comparison of Multi-criteria Approaches
Authors:   Electric Power of University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ngoc Le Anh , Linh Dao Manh , Quy Vu Khanh
Published: October 2021

In recent years, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks have been focused on research and strong applications in healthcare, military, disaster prevention, and IoT ecosystem. Due to the ad-hoc mobility characteristic of the network devices, the routing protocols are specifically designed to ensure factors such as energy efficiency, high performance, quality of service, as well as security-aware. In this article, we perform analytic routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks to compare and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each protocol and propose the next research direction.
Traditional Medicare Spending on Inpatient Episodes as Hospitalizations Decline
Authors: Keohane Laura M , Kripalani Sunil , Buntin Melinda B
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To describe Medicare inpatient episode spending trends between 2009 and 2017 as inpatient use declined among traditional Medicare beneficiaries.

METHODS

Inpatient episodes included claims for all traditional Medicare inpatient, outpatient, and Part D services provided during the 30 days prehospitalization, the inpatient stay, and the 90 subsequent days. We describe the mean number of episodes per 1000 beneficiaries, mean episode‐related spending per beneficiary, and mean spending per episode for all beneficiaries and for specific populations and types of episodes. Spending measures are reported with and without adjustment for payment rate increases over the study period.

RESULTS

The number of inpatient‐initiated episodes per 1000 beneficiaries declined by 18.2% between 2009 and 2017 from 326 to 267. After adjusting for payment rate increases, Medicare spending per beneficiary on episode‐related care declined by 8.9%, although spending per episode increased by 11.4% over this period. Between 2009 and 2017, all subgroups defined by age, sex, race, or Medicaid status experienced declines in inpatient use accompanied by decreased overall episode‐related spending per beneficiary and increased spending per episode. Larger declines in the number of episodes per 1000 beneficiaries were seen among episodes that began with a planned admission (28.8%) or involved no use of post–acute care services (23.9%). When comparing admissions according to medical diagnosis, the largest decline occurred for episodes initiated by a hospitalization for a cardiac or circulatory condition (31.8%).

CONCLUSION

Medicare inpatient episodes per beneficiary decreased, but spending decreases due to declining volume were offset by increased spending per episode.
Deficits in Identification of Goals and Goal‐Concordant Care After Sepsis Hospitalization
Authors: Taylor Stephanie Parks , Kowalkowski Marc A , Courtright Katherine R , Burke Henry L , Patel Sangnya , Hicks Samantha , Hurley Cristina , Mitchell Stephen , Halpern Scott D
Published: October 2021

In a recent study, identifying and supporting patients’ care goals was named the highest priority in hospital medicine. Although sepsis is one of the leading causes of death and postdischarge morbidity among hospitalized patients, little is known about how frequently care goals are assessed prior to discharge and adhered to in the 90 days after sepsis hospitalization. Evaluating a cohort of 679 high‐risk sepsis survivors enrolled in a clinical trial, we found that care goals were documented explicitly in a standardized tool in 130 patients; an additional 139 patients were identified using all available clinical documentation, resulting in only 269 (40%) patients with goals that could be ascertained from the electronic health record (EHR). Among those categorized, goals were classified as prioritizing longevity (35%), function (52%), and comfort (12%). Based on expert review of the care provided during the 90 days subsequent to discharge, goal‐concordant care was identified in 184 (68%) cases for which goals were specified. Documentation of goals in a standardized EHR tool was associated with increased likelihood of receiving goal‐concordant care (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.4‐5.5). Hospitalization and peridischarge time points represent important opportunities to address deficits in the documentation of goals and provision of goal‐concordant care for sepsis survivors.
Reflexiones y precisiones sobre el origen y la difusión de las custodias de sol con águila bicéfala.
Authors: Heredia Moreno Carmen
Published: October 2021

A partir de un detallado análisis del estado de la cuestión, se hace un minucioso estudio del origen y difusión de la iconografía del águila bicéfala en las custodias de sol precisando o rectificando algunas cuestiones. Se añade una nueva pieza al grupo, se reafirma sustancialmente la tesis planteada en el año 1996 y se rebaten la mayoría de las opiniones, contrarias a dicha tesis, que se publicaron en el 2017.
The most important job
Authors: Meechan David
Published: October 2021

The following article draws on relevant literature, posing reflective questions to explore why wellbeing is important for practitioners and the children in their care.
Making musical instruments
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: October 2021

The activities here are designed to show the many different ways to produce sound and create music, as well as to demonstrate a variety of craft techniques, many of which will hopefully be new and interesting to children.
A structured evaluation of the symptomatic medial Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)
Authors: Janssen Stein J. , van Oost Iris , Breugem Stefan J.M. , van Geenen Rutger C.I.
Published: October 2021

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has several advantages over total knee arthroplasty; however, in many reports, the risk of revision remains higher after UKA. Many reasons for failure of UKA exist. Successful treatment starts with accurate assessment of the symptomatic UKA as a specific mode of failure requires a specific solution. A structured and comprehensive evaluation aids assessment of the symptomatic UKA. This review provides an overview of the causes for a symptomatic medial UKA, its risk factors, diagnostic modalities that can be used, and briefly discusses treatment options.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:850-860. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200105
Two families, many stories and the value of autobiography
Authors: Finch Dame Janet , Morgan David H.J.
Published: October 2021

This article is based on many enjoyable conversations with David Morgan over the years, on the topic of our own lived experiences of ‘family’. In order to consider them more systematically, we each wrote an autobiographical account of our experiences up to the age of eighteen, and began to compare them sociologically. When David died in June 2020 the project was by no means finished but he had left a preliminary paper, largely in note form, which he had presented to the annual meeting of the BSA (British Sociological Association) Auto/Biography study group in 2018. I have taken those notes and developed them into this article. It is not intended to be a polished academic piece. It is an account of an unfinished project, in which I have tried to stay as close as possible to David’s notes whilst making it appropriate for a readership rather than an audience.

Janet Finch
Characterization of planar optical components and system analysis
Authors: Urbas Augustine M. , Poutrina Ekaterina , Brown Dean P. , Shah Piyush J. , Miller Matthew R. , Marciniak Michael
Published: October 2021

Measurement and analysis of planar elements is used to predict optical system performance and impact of planar optical component type. This is extended to optical, imaging performance, and thermal characteristics with modeling, analysis, and measurement.
Designing Null Screens Based on Topologies in Order to Test Fresnel Lenses
Authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez Martín , Avendaño-Alejo Maximino , Castillo-Santiago Gabriel
Published: October 2021

We design null screens that produce an array of quasi-angular spots in a predefined detection plane, and are calculated based on knowledge of topological spaces and exact ray tracing. A qualitative test for a Fresnel lens is presented.
Freeform Manufacturing from Design to Finished Part
Authors: Wolfs Franciscus , DeFisher Scott , Stephan Thomas
Published: October 2021

A study on the optimal process flow from the initial part design through the completed part.
Reinforced Resource Allocation based on n-Dimensional Matrix Diagram for Multi-Modal Optical Networks
Authors: Zhao Zipiao , Zhao Yongli , Li Yajie , Rahman Sabidur , Han Dahai , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a reinforcement-learning-based resource allocation algorithm in multi-model optical networks, which is designed based on n-dimensional matrix diagram. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently optimize resource allocation.
High-power-budget End-to-end Optical Connection with AMCC Superposition of SOA-integrated EA-DFB Transmitter in All-Photonics Network
Authors: Tanaka Yasunari , Kanai Takuya , Hara Kazutaka , Chen Mingchen , Honda Kazuaki , Shindo Takahiko , Senoo Yumiko , Kaneko Shin , Nakamura Hirotaka , Kani Jun-ichi , Sano Kimikazu , Yoshida Tomoaki
Published: October 2021

We experimentally evaluate the transmission characteristics of AMCC superposition with an SOA-integrated EA-DFB transmitter for the All-Photonics Network. The results demonstrate that direct optical connections with the power budget of 34.6 dB are achievable.
Autonomous SDN-based Global Concurrent Restoration for High-Capacity Optical Metro Networks
Authors: Martínez R. , Casellas R. , Moreolo M. Svaluto , Fabrega J. M. , Vilalta R. , Muñoz R. , Nadal L. , Fernández-Palacios J. P. , López V. , Larrabeiti D. , Otero G. , Hernández J. A.
Published: October 2021

The full integration of an OAM function with a SDN controller to support autonomic networking capabilities within optical metro networks is presented. A devised Global Concurrent RSA algorithm to maximize connection restorability is experimentally evaluated.
First Scalable Machine Learning Based Architecture for Cloud-native Transport SDN Controller
Authors: Manso Carlos , Yoshikane Noboru , Vilalta Ricard , Munñoz Raul , Casellas Ramon , Martínez Ricardo , Wang Cen , Balasis Filippos , Tsuritani Takehiro , Morita Itsuro
Published: October 2021

We present a cloud-native architecture with a machine learning QoT predictor that enables cognitive functions in transport SDN controllers. We evaluate the QoT predictor training and auto-scaling capabilities in a real WDM/SDM testbed.
Performance of single-mode transmission over multimode fiber: Offset launch v.s. fundamental mode launch
Authors: Kose Bulent , Castro Jose M. , Pimpinella Rick , Huang Paul , Lane Brett
Published: October 2021

We study single mode transmission over multimode fiber, and investigate performance difference when the launch is offset patch cord versus center launch. BER performance and optical eye diagram plots with 10GBASE LRM 10GBASE-LR transceivers are presented.
Demonstration of Spatial Multiplexing by Digital Beamforming in 5G Fiber-Wireless Integrated Network
Authors: Su Shang-Jen , Hsu Chin-Wei , Shen Shuyi , Yao Shuang , Alfadhli Yahya , Zhang Rui , Zhou Qi , Chang Gee-Kung
Published: October 2021

Multiple data streams sharing the same time-frequency resource block through digital beamforming technique are received at different angles of arrival by a 1-by-4 antenna array and decoded simultaneously in 5G fiber-wireless integrated access network.
Simplifying Datacenter Networks with the 100G/channel Optics Ecosystem
Authors: Minkenberg Cyriel
Published: October 2021

The intersection of a 100Gb/s/channel ecosystem for optical and electrical links in combination with emerging 512-channel switch silicon offers unprecedented potential for simplifying datacenter network architectures.
Photonic Gateway for Direct and Protocol-Independent End-to-End User Connections
Authors: Honda Kazuaki , Kanai Takuya , Tanaka Yasunari , Hara Kazutaka , Kaneko Shin , Kani Jun-ichi , Yoshida Tomoaki
Published: October 2021

We propose the Photonic Gateway to provide direct and protocol-independent optical connections between any two user sites. An experimental demonstration verifies the feasibility of the Photonic Gateway and an optical-path setup procedure of the prototypes.
Using a new diagnostic tool to predict lymph node metastasis in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer leads to simple lymphadenectomy decision rules: A multicentre study from the FRANCOGYN group
Authors: Mimoun Camille , Paoletti Xavier , Gaillard Thomas , Crestani Adrien , Benifla Jean-Louis , Mezzadri Matthieu , Bendifallah Sofiane , Touboul Cyril , Bricou Alexandre , Dabi Yohann , Canlorbe Geoffroy , Kerbage Yohan , Lavoué Vincent , Ouldamer Lobna , Lecointre Lise , Coutant Charles , Fauconnier Arnaud , Rouzier Roman , Huchon Cyrille
Published: October 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a new diagnostic tool to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery.

Materials and method

The FRANCOGYN group’s multicenter retrospective ovarian cancer cohort furnished the patient population on which we developed a logistic regression model. The prediction model equation enabled us to create LNM risk groups with simple lymphadenectomy decision rules associated with a user-friendly free interactive web application called shinyLNM.

Results

277 patients from the FRANCOGYN cohort were included; 115 with no LNM and 162 with LNM. Three variables were independently and significantly (p<0.05) associated with LNM in multivariate analysis: pelvic and/or para-aortic LNM on CT and/or PET/CT (p<0.00), initial PCI ≥ 10 and/or diaphragmatic carcinosis (p = 0.02), and initial CA125 ≥ 500 (p = 0.02). The ROC-AUC of this prediction model after leave-one-out cross-validation was 0.72. There was no difference between the predicted and the observed probabilities of LNM (p = 0.09). Specificity for the group at high risk of LNM was 83.5%, the LR+ was 2.73, and the observed probability of LNM was 79.3%; sensitivity for the group at low-risk of LNM was 92.0%, the LR- was 0.24, and the observed probability of LNM was 25.0%.

Conclusion

This new tool may prove useful for improving surgical planning and provide useful information for patients.
Black skin, white masks: Izzat as an appropriation of Othello
Authors: Chatterjee Koel
Published: October 2021

Izzat was the first mainstream Hindi film to reference Othello and has so far escaped the attention of academics who have begun researching the underexplored field of Bollywood Shakespeares. The film stars Dharmendra playing both versions of a fair- and a dark-skinned twin, which is a novel take on a Shakespearean trope. As a mainstream film, Izzat does not aspire to the pedagogical cultural capital of Shakespeare that Saptapadi does, nor does it reference the performance traditions of Othello onstage or film. However, references to Othello that seem superficial at first glance are embedded throughout the film. The only direct reference to the play is when Deepa meets Shekhar (who is pretending to be his twin Dilip) for the first time, and he sees she has been reading Othello. This sparks off a conversation about appearances and colour prejudices that is quite alien to an industry that traditionally favours light-skinned protagonists but rarely acknowledges it. Through this article, I would like to explore the ways in which Shakespearean tropes, and in particular Shakespeare’s Othello, has been used to explore postcolonial anxieties about identity in India by juxtaposing Adivasi identities with more typical urban Indian identities. The film also suggests that the colonizers have been replaced in Indian society by the urban elite who value superficial white masks and practise a racism that is much more insidious by discriminating against other Indians based on colour, caste and class. Through this exploration, I will also examine how Othello impacts the Indian psyche and why the referencing of Othello in this film points towards the many ways in which Othello is adapted and appropriated in Indian mainstream media.
Tācippeṇ, The Dancing Girl: Entangled questions of social and aesthetic reform in a Tamil drama by Pammal Campanta Mutaliyār (1873–1964)
Authors: Soneji Davesh
Published: October 2021

Pammal Campanta Mutaliyār (1873–1964) is generally regarded as the ‘father of the modern Tamil theatre’. In this article I examine how Pammal’s non-mythological and non-Shakespearean dramas – that is, what he termed his ‘social dramas’ – were woven into different domains and constituencies that saw themselves as agents for social change. I argue that his engagement with projects of civic and social reform ran parallel to his ideas about the aesthetic reform of the Tamil drama itself. Beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century, Pammal’s dramas self-consciously attempt to rid themselves of what Pammal understands as the aesthetic excesses of the Parsi-inflected Tamil theatre, including its densely musical nature and its increasingly mixed-gender cast. Tācippeṇ, The Dancing Girl (1928), a drama that deals with devadāsī reform, perhaps best exemplifies the simultaneity and intertwined nature of Pammal’s programmes. It was composed on the eve of reformer Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy’s earliest legal interventions towards the abolishment of devadāsī lifestyles and is a deeply self-reflexive work. Not only does it stage well-established tropes about devadāsī reform, but it deploys the idiom of Pammal’s new vision of the modern Tamil theatre – bereft of its musical temperament and performed exclusively by men – to do so.