bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of external wall defect growth on internal wall corrosion of oil pipelines under mechano‐electrochemical interaction
Authors: Zhang Zhuwu , Zhang Jiuhong , Ding Mingchao
Published: July 2022

The corrosion mechanism of X80 steel in simulated solutions of acid red soil and product oil sediment under mechano‐electrochemical interaction (MEI) was researched to build a new finite element model through multi‐physical field coupling simulation technology. Based on the new model, the effect of external wall defect growth on the internal wall corrosion of oil pipelines was analyzed in detail. The results showed that the distributions of stress and corrosion of the internal wall were extremely affected by the external wall defect depth, and the corrosion rate of the internal wall was enlarged remarkably by the external wall defect growth. Moreover, attributing to the local galvanic cell effect under MEI, the growth rates of corrosion defects in the depth and length directions of the external defect were accelerated because these directions were associated with larger stress and equivalent to the anode, but the corrosion rate in the width direction of the external defect was inhibited because this direction was associated with smaller stress and equivalent to the cathode.
Dual Matrix Influence on Ni(II) Rich Hybrid Catalyst for Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Hoque Nazimul , Lee Seonghwan , Park Young‐Bin , Roy Subhasish , Baruah Manash J. , Biswas Subir , Gogoi Gautam , Bora Tonmoy J. , Dutta Rupjyoti , Bania Kusum K.
Published: July 2022

The influence of two different surface matrices, that is, zeolite‐Y and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), on the electrocatalytic ability of Ni(OH)2 combined with MnO2 has been studied. The Ni and Mn loaded in different ratio exhibited different current density with respect to the change in the nature of support. The MnO2−Ni(OH)2 catalyst decorated like a fish in a net‐stock at the interface of the zeolite‐Y and the MWCNT with high Ni(II) content provided the highest current density of 3.8 Amg−1 and 3.6 Amg−1 with platinum and graphitic rod as counter electrode, respectively. The study revealed that both the concentration of the Ni(II) as well as the nature of the support influenced the electrochemical behaviour of MnO2−Ni(OH)2. The electrochemical surface area as well as the durability of the catalyst having two different supports showed higher values in comparison to those in single matrix. The plot of current density vs. square root of scan rate showed diffusion control methanol oxidation process. The results predicted that the MnO2−Ni(OH)2 catalyst containing both zeolite‐Y and MWCNT surface indicated that under the highly basic condition it can withstand for long period without significant loss in current density during the methanol oxidation reaction process.
Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety Studies of a Generic Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Nilotinib Capsule Versus a Branded Product in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhu Yifang , Huang Ming , Wang Hao , Zhou Wenjia , Lu Dan , Zhang Quanying
Published: July 2022

Nilotinib, a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been approved in the United States and Europe as a treatment for patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)‐chronic phase (CP) and patients with CML‐CP or chronic myeloid leukemia‐accelerated phase (CML‐AP) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib (a first‐generation TKI). This study compared the bioequivalence and safety of the test nilotinib capsule and reference nilotinib capsule (Tasigna, Novartis) in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting conditions for marketing authorization in China. The results of the study are reported for the first time. This was a single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, two‐period, and cross‐over study. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of a 200‐mg test or reference capsule under fasting conditions in each period with a 10‐day washout. Plasma samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNonlin software. The geometric mean ratio and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ for nilotinib between the two fixed‐dose combination formulations were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80%–125%, therefore the generic and branded formulations were bioequivalent in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Optimal classification of music genres based on acoustic and visual features
Authors: Kumaraswamy Balachandra
Published: July 2022

Generally, music includes numerous genres like jazz, pop and so forth. Every genre encompasses diverse musical instruments. For classifying music manually, the individual should pay attention to the song and choose the genre. It consumes more time and the individual should know diverse genres. This article aims to introduce an innovative music genre classification model by considering 2 phases. Initially, short‐time Fourier transform, pitch, Timbre, MNMF, and proposed LBP and bag of words‐based features are extracted. Subsequently, the extracted features are subjected to ensemble classifiers, where support vector machine, neural network, random forest are deployed. The output attained from ensemble classifiers is then classified using deep belief network (DBN) which classifies the music genres in a precise way. For precise detection, the training of DBN is made optimal via tuning the weights. This optimization is carried out by a Whale Integrated Sea Lion Algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the developed model is examined via the evaluation of extant techniques.
A probabilistic approach: Uncertain navigation of the uncertain web
Authors: Boulaares Soura , Sassi Salma , BenSlimane Djamal , Faiz Sami
Published: July 2022

In the era of Internet Technology (IT), uncertainty management is a challenge in many fields. These include e‐commerce, social and sensor networks, scientific data production and mining, object tracking, data integration, geo‐located services, and recently Internet and Web of Things. Due to the uncertain data published on the web, web resources are diverse. Hence, identical resources could be available from heterogeneous platforms and heterogeneous resources could represent the same objects. These resources are hugely heterogeneous, conflict, inconsistent, or have incompatible formats. This uncertainty is inherently related to many facts, such as information extraction and integration. Hence, with web resources proliferation on the web, referencing through the uncertain web has become increasingly difficult. The traditional techniques used for the classical web could not handle uncertain navigation. Generally, it's implicitly represented, decided randomly, or even neglected. Harnessing these uncertain resources to their full potential in order to handle the uncertain navigation, raises major challenges that relate to each phase of their life cycle: creation, representation, and navigation. In this article, we establish a probabilistic approach to model and interpret uncertain web resources. We present operators to compute response uncertainty. Finally, we create algorithms in order to validate resources and achieve uncertain hypertext navigation.
Optimization techniques for task scheduling criteria in IaaS cloud computing atmosphere using nature inspired hybrid spotted hyena optimization algorithm
Authors: Natesan Gobalakrishnan , Ali Javid , Krishnadoss Pradeep , Chidambaram Raman , Nanjappan Manikandan
Published: July 2022

Cloud computing has garnered unprecedented growth in recent years in the field of Information Technology. It has emerged as a high‐performance computing option owing to its infrastructure that comprises of heterogeneous collection of autonomous computers and adaptable network architecture. The tasks that are scheduled in an optimized manner for their execution could be classified under NP‐hard problems. Though meta‐heuristic scheduling algorithms emerge as scheduling options, they need to be much more consistent while dealing with the dynamic set up of the cloud environment. In this paper, we had proposed a multi‐objective meta‐heuristic scheduling algorithm namely Quasi Oppositional Genetic Spotted Hyena Optimization (QOGSHO) algorithm that globally optimizes the makespan, resource consumption and SLA violation QoS parameters, thereby improving the performance. The algorithm proposed is an amalgamated product of meta‐heuristic algorithms like Quasi Oppositional Based Learning (QOBL), Spotted Hyena Optimization (SHO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The performance efficiency of the proposed QOGSHO algorithm had been compared with various scheduling algorithms using uniform datasets by varying the data instance sizes in a simulated cloud environment. The obtained results clearly justify the task scheduling efficiency of the proposed algorithm with respect to the QoS parameters namely makespan, resource utilization and SLA violation.
Electrolytes for Multivalent Metal‐Ion Batteries: Current Status and Future Prospect
Authors: Zhang Shu , Long Tao , Zhang Hao‐Ze , Zhao Qing‐Yuan , Zhang Feng , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Zeng Xian‐Xiang
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical energy storage has experienced unprecedented advancements in recent years and extensive discussions and reviews on the progress of multivalent metal‐ion batteries have been made mainly from the aspect of electrode materials, but relatively little work comprehensively discusses and provides an outlook on the development of electrolytes in these systems. Under this circumstance, this Review will initially introduce different types of electrolytes in current multivalent metal‐ion batteries and explain the basic ion conduction mechanisms, preparation methods, and pros and cons. On this basis, we will discuss in detail the research and development of electrolytes for multivalent metal‐ion batteries in recent years, and finally, critical challenges and prospects for the application of electrolytes in multivalent metal‐ion batteries will be put forward.
A power‐efficient current‐integrating hybrid for full‐duplex communication over chip‐to‐chip interconnects
Authors: Govindaswamy Prema Kumar , Pasupureddi Vijaya Sankara Rao
Published: July 2022

This work proposes a power‐efficient half‐rate current‐integrating logic (CIL) echo cancelation hybrid circuit topology for full‐duplex communication for off‐chip interconnects in 65 nm CMOS. The proposed hybrid topology has a low power consumption compared to traditional current‐mode hybrid circuit topology implementations, thanks to the CIL hybrid topology with sample and hold front‐end. The post‐layout performance of the half‐rate CIL hybrid includes package parasitic has a differential received signal voltage swing of 190 mV at 10 Gb/s data rate with a timing jitter of 16 ps over a 20 cm FR4 PCB interconnect. The total power consumption of the half‐rate CIL hybrid is only 2 mW, and its energy efficiency is 0.4 pJ/bit. The layout of the hybrid occupies an area of 0.0008 mm2.
Design and development of novel single multiplex system incorporating 26 rapidly mutating Y‐STRs; 26 RM Yplex
Authors: Albastaki Abdulla , Naji Mohammed , Lootah Reem , Almheiri Reem , Almulla Hanan , Alreyami Afra , Almarri Iman , Yu Zailiang , Zhang Yueke , Shu Chang , Alghafri Rashed
Published: July 2022

This article details the development of a single multiplex system amplifying 26 rapidly mutating Y‐STR markers. A sequenced allelic ladder, constructed for calling alleles of all loci, is introduced. The multiplex system shows the ability to address the limitations of Y‐STRs commercial kits in differentiating closely related males. The multiplex performed well in the prevalidation tests and showed great potential to be used in forensic casework.
A passive pump‐assisted microfluidic assay for quantifying endothelial wound healing in response to fluid shear stress
Authors: Yang Yunong , Li Yongjiang , Yu Miao , Xue Chundong , Liu Bo , Wang Yanxia , Qin Kairong
Published: July 2022

There as an urgent need to quantify the endothelial wound‐healing process in response to fluid shear stress to improve the biological and clinical understanding of healing mechanisms, which is of great importance for preventing healing impairment, chronic wounds, and postoperative in‐stent restenosis. However, current experimental platforms not only require expensive, cumbersome, and powered pumping devices (to, e.g., generate cell scratches and load shear stress stimulation) but also lack quantitative controls for quantitative analysis. In this paper, a passive pump‐assisted microfluidic assay is developed to quantify endothelial wound healing in response to fluid shear stress. Our assay consists of passive constant‐flow pumps based on the siphon principle and a three‐inlet microfluidic chip for cell wound‐healing experiments. We also propose a method for quantitatively adjusting cell scratch size by controlling trypsin flow. Both numerical simulations and fluorescein experiments validate the effectiveness of this method. Moreover, we use the designed microfluidic assay to successfully generate cell scratches, load a 12‐h shear stress of 5 dyn/cm2 to the cells, and observe wound healing. The results indicate that the healing of a cell scratch is significantly accelerated under the stimulation of shear stress. In conclusion, our passive pump‐assisted microfluidic assay shows versatility, applicability, and the potential for quantifying endothelial wound healing in response to fluid shear stress.
Research on catastrophe progression of driving load in mountainous road based on visual and environmental characteristics
Authors: Yunwei Meng , Wen Lang , Liu Tangzhi , Xu Jin , Zheng Boren , Zhang Xiyan , Qing Guangyan
Published: July 2022

When driving on mountain roads, the drivers bear the dynamic load from the road environment. The sudden change of driving load will produce great safety risks and even lead to traffic accidents. In order to explore the driving risk of two‐lane road in mountainous areas, it is necessary to analyze the change of driving load from a quantitative point of view. Using the road driving experiment, 10 male drivers were selected according to the experimental road conditions, collect the driver's visual and heart rate indicators, analyze the driver's physiological indicators, and study the driver's driving load evolution process on the mountain road. Combined with the classification of road environment, a driving load evaluation model based on catastrophe progression method is constructed. The driving load is divided into four states: low load state, affordable state, chaotic state and high load state. It is found that most sections of mountain roads are in a low load and bearable state. In semi closed and closed environment, the driving load is in a chaotic state, which affects the driving safety. The evaluation model can be used to evaluate the traffic safety of road environment.
Improved Performance of Organic Solar Cells by Utilizing Green Non‐Halogen Additive to Modulate Active‐Layer Morphology
Authors: Xue Luyang , Liu Xingpeng , Wang Qian , Yang Min , Du Sanshan , Yang Chunyan , Tong Junfeng , Xia Yangjun , Li Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

Using solvent additives to optimize the morphology of the blend films in organic solar cells (OSCs) is a simple and effective method. Here, methyl salicylate (MeSA) is used as a non‐halogen additive for inverted OSCs, and the impact of this additive on the blend film and photovoltaic performance is carefully investigated. The significant increase in short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) leads to a significant improvement in device performance, which is caused by bicontinuous interpenetrating phase separation and balanced charge transport. The results indicate that MeSA modulates the phase distribution and promotes the accumulation of ordered molecules in the blend film, thus exhibiting an efficiency of 9.45% and improved FF (>70%) with a 7% MeSA additive. Most importantly, MeSA can be added in large doses (7%) compared to other traditional solvent additives (e.g., 1,8‐diiodooctane, 1‐chloronaphthalene, etc.), indicating that its concentration variation has little effect on performance and is conducive to repeatable, large‐scale production, which is of great importance for industrialization.
Novel Core–Shell‐Structured Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF)‐90@ZIF‐67 Applied for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Qian Jing , Hu Chuanzheng , Kong Zhibo , Xu Junhui , Wang Yazhen
Published: July 2022

Herein, a core–shell structured zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐90@ZIF‐67 is successfully synthesized with higher specific area and more micropores by a seed epitaxial growth method at room temperature, combining both the advantages of ZIFs and core–shell‐structured materials. When it is applied for supercapacitors’ electrode materials, ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67 delivers the best energy storage ability and excellent electrochemical stability. In a three‐electrode system, its specific capacitance reaches 1357.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and maintains 55.4% while increasing the current density from 1 A g−1 to 20 A g−1. In a two‐electrode system, an all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled using ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67 and activated carbon (CV) as the positive and negative electrode material. The simple device exhibits a high specific capacitance of 151.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a high energy density of 53.9 Wh kg−1 at 510.2 W kg−1. Surprisingly, the device achieves a specific capacitance retention of 95.8% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Finally, two simple all‐solid‐state supercapacitors in series power a blue lighting‐emitting diode for over 13 min, which reveals that the core–shell ZIF‐90@ZIF‐67 has great potential application prospects in the field of energy storage.
Analysis and experimental validation of the load characteristics of the hydraulic rod in a shearer
Authors: Zhang Fujia , Zhang Kun , Liu Ya , Wei Xuntao , Zhong Donghu , Li Yuxia , Huang Liangsong , Du Mingchao
Published: July 2022

The joint surface of the preloaded structure of the hydraulic rod in a shearer is prone to bending and slitting. In this study, to systematically evaluate this phenomenon, critical load characterization parameters of the hydraulic rod are first determined based on its critical load, preload, working load, and residual preload. A critical load equation of the hydraulic rod is further established based on the principle of compatibility of small deformation. Finally, the integral solution method is used to solve the load equation of the hydraulic rod of the shearer by combining the deflection and rotation equation of the fuselage and the hydraulic rod on the upper side of the coal wall to obtain the deformation and load value of the hydraulic rod. The results show that the maximum load applied on the upper hydraulic rod on the coal wall, lower hydraulic rod on the coal wall, lower hydraulic rod on the gob side, and upper hydraulic rod on the gob side are 538.15, 500.3, 445.95, and 375.15 kN, respectively. The corresponding maximum deformation of the upper hydraulic rod on the coal wall, lower hydraulic rod on the coal wall, and lower hydraulic rod on the gob side are 2.4696, 1.653, and 0.9652 mm, respectively. Compressive deformation occurred on the upper hydraulic rod on the gob side with a magnitude of −1.6346 mm. Results of numerical calculations agree well with instantaneous measurements of the load in the hydraulic rod in a shearer using wireless sensing technology. The maximum error between the calculation and measurement is less than 4%, thus validating the accuracy of the proposed load model. Using the proposed load model, we further analyzed the load characteristics of the hydraulic rod under straight cutting working conditions with different pitch and roll angles. Our findings provide an important basis for understanding the load characteristics of the entire shearer, optimizing the structure of the hydraulic rod, and improving the lifetime of the shearer.
Experimental Exposure to Tebuconazole Affects Metabolism and Body Condition in a Passerine Bird, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Bellot Pauline , Dupont Sophie Marie , Brischoux François , Budzinski Hélène , Chastel Olivier , Fritsch Clémentine , Lourdais Olivier , Prouteau Louise , Rocchi Steffi , Angelier Frédéric
Published: July 2022

Triazole compounds are among the most widely used fungicides in agroecosystems to protect crops from potential fungal diseases. Triazoles are suspected to have an impact on nontarget species due to their interactions with nonfungal sterol synthesis, and wild birds are likely to be contaminated by triazole fungicides because many of them live in agroecosystems. We experimentally tested whether exposure to environmental concentrations of a triazole could alter key integrative traits (metabolic rates and body condition) of an agroecosystem sentinel species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Wild-caught adult sparrows were maintained in captivity and exposed (exposed group) or not (control group) for 7 continuous months to tebuconazole through drinking water. The metabolic rates of exposed and control sparrows were then measured at two different temperatures (12 °C and 25 °C), which correspond, respectively, to the thermoregulation and thermoneutrality temperatures of this species. We found that exposed sparrows had lower resting metabolic rates (i.e., measured at thermoneutrality, 25 °C) than controls. However, the thermoregulatory metabolic rates (i.e., measured at 12 °C) did not differ between exposed and control sparrows. Although the body mass and condition were not measured at the beginning of the exposure, sparrows at the time of the metabolic measurements 7 months after the onset of such exposure had a higher body condition than controls, supporting further the idea that tebuconazole affects metabolic functions. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the use of tebuconazole can alter metabolism and could potentially lead to adverse effects in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2500–2511. © 2022 SETAC
Numerical model for tracing the response of Ultra‐High performance concrete beams exposed to fire
Authors: Banerji Srishti , Kodur Venkatesh
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a numerical procedure for evaluating the thermo‐mechanical response of Ultra‐High Performance Concrete (UHPC) beams exposed to fire. The numerical model is based on a macroscopic finite element formulation and utilizes sectional moment‐curvature relations to trace the response of UHPC beams from the linear elastic stage to collapse under combined effects of fire and structural loading. Fire‐induced spalling, temperature‐dependent properties of concrete and steel reinforcement, and realistic failure criteria are incorporated into the analysis. Specifically, an advanced analysis approach for evaluating spalling is incorporated in the model by considering the stresses arising from the combined effects of thermal gradients, structural loading, and pore pressure generated in the concrete section. Comparisons of the predictions from the model with data from fire resistance experiments show a good correlation, indicating the proposed model can reliably predict the thermo‐mechanical response, including the extent of spalling in UHPC beams subjected to fire exposure. The applicability of the model for undertaking advanced analysis is shown by conducting a case study to illustrate the influence of load level and fire scenario on the fire response of the UHPC beams.
Technological characterization and molecular identification of defined protective starter cultures for fermentation of traditional Rayeb made from camel's milk
Authors: Abozead Rania , Kheadr Ehab , Safwat Nabil , Salam Samir , Dabour Nassra
Published: July 2022

Camel milk isolates of lactic acid bacteria were characterized to develop defined starter cultures that could be used for the production of standardized Egyptian Rayeb fermented milk. The isolates have shown a wide diversity of Technological characteristics and antimicrobial activity. Interesting isolates were genetically identified at the species level. Two mixed culture starters composed of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (FFNL146 and FFNL159) and Lactococcus lactis (FFNL1926 and FFNL2005) along with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides FFNL2374 were used in the production of Rayeb from camel milk, cow milk, and their mixture and stored for 14 days under refrigeration. Equally mixed camel and cow milk fermented with both starters had the best results of organoleptic attributes and physicochemical properties compared to samples made of camel milk. This is the first study to present two mixed starter cultures for Rayeb manufacturing. The success of these defined starter cultures will potentially enhance the safety and quality of the Rayeb industry in Egypt.
Charophytes from theCretaceous–Palaeogenetransition in the Jhilmili intertrappean beds of Central India
Authors: Khosla Ashu , Kania Sachin , Lucas Spencer G. , Verma Omkar
Published: July 2022

The Jhilmili intertrappean beds (Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh) of Central India are studied from a palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, and palaeobiogeographical perspective using fossil charophytes. These beds have yielded a diverse charophyte assemblage, consisting ofPlatychara perlata,Platychara raoi,Platychara sahnii,Peckicharacf.varians,Nemegticharacf.grambasti, andCharasp. 1. These charophytes were recovered from a 60 cm thick clayey and nodular limestone unit that is underlain by claystone and overlain by laminated claystones deposited on fluvial floodplains. This charophyte assemblage suggests a Late Cretaceous–Early Danian age, which agrees with the previous dating carried out using freshwater to brackish water ostracods and planktic foraminifera found in the same beds, together with dasycladalean and halimedacean chlorophytes. The Jhilmili intertrappean charophyte assemblage resembles those found in other infra‐and intertrappean sections of western, central, and southern India. The charophyte assemblage indicates that during the Cretaceous–Palaeogene timespan the Indian subcontinent mainly experienced interchange with Laurasia (China, Europe, and North America) but also with Gondwana (North Africa and South America). In the opposite sense, Laurasian species might have dispersed to India by means of a sweepstakes route across the Kohistan–Dras volcanic arcs.
Half of expectant women in Montenegro show iodine deficiency, indicating that supplementation during pregnancy is necessary
Authors: Đurović Dijana , Đorđević Zorica , Mugoša Boban , Bajić Borko , Nikolić‐Kokić Aleksandra , Miletić Srđan , Spasić Snežana
Published: July 2022

Objective

In this study, iodine level in pregnant women of Montenegro and their needs for supplementation were investigated.

Methods

A urinary iodine concentration (UIC) study of 326 pregnant women between September and December 2017 in three regions of Montenegro was performed. UIC was related to creatinine (UI/Cr ratio).

Results

The median UIC (133 ± 5 μg/L) was indicative of iodine deficiency, as the WHO recommended UIC is 150–249 μg/L. The UI/Cr ratio (160 ± 6 μg/g creatinine) was just above the WHO/UNICEF/IGN recommendation. Approximately 50% of the surveyed women had a lower UIC than that recommended.

Conclusion

Iodine deficiency is present in pregnant women in Montenegro. Monitoring the UIC during routine analyses in pregnant women in Montenegro is recommended, along with iodine supplementation for individuals that need it.
Enhanced financial fraud detection using cost‐sensitive cascade forest with missing value imputation
Authors: Huang Lukui , Abrahams Alan , Ractham Peter
Published: July 2022

Financial statement fraud is a global problem for investors, audit firms, regulators, and other stakeholders. Fraud detection can be regarded as a binary classification problem with a false negative being more expensive than a false positive. Although existing studies have made great efforts to detect fraud using various data‐mining techniques, the difference in misclassification costs is seldom considered. In this study, we propose a cost‐sensitive cascade forest (CSCF) for fraud detection, which places heavy penalty on false negative prediction and self‐adjusts the depth of a cascade forest according to the classifier’s recall (i.e. the classifier’s sensitivity). As missing values are ubiquitous in fraud research, we also explore the effect of selected missing data treatments on prediction performance, including complete case analysis, three selected classic statistical mechanisms (zero, mean, and modified mean imputation), and two machine learning (K‐nearest neighbor [KNN] and random forest [RF]) approaches. The experimental results show that the proposed CSCF significantly improves the fraud prediction in comparison with one of the latest fraud detection models using the RUSBoost algorithm. Comparing different missing value treatments, even though RUSBoost and CSCF perform well when using complete case analysis, we find that the best performance is achieved when CSCF is used with missing data imputed as zero. Such treatment further improves the performance, and results in an area under curve (AUC) score of 0.82 compared to the highest AUC (0.71) from the baseline model. Supplementary analysis further reveals that the low AUC of complete case analysis for the two examined models persists under different training sizes. Thus, our findings shed light on the potential benefits of missing value imputation for the model’s performance for fraud detection.
Burosumab and Dental Abscesses in Children With X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Gadion Margaux , Hervé Agathe , Herrou Julia , Rothenbuhler Anya , Smail‐Faugeron Violaine , Courson Frédéric , Linglart Agnès , Chaussain Catherine , Biosse Duplan Martin
Published: July 2022

X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder that disrupts skeletal and dental mineralization. In addition to rickets in children, XLH patients also have frequent spontaneous dental abscesses that increase the risk of tooth loss and may lead to facial cellulitis. Hypomineralized and hypoplastic dentin is the main driver of these infections. Conventional treatment (CT) of XLH improves this tissue defect and reduces the occurrence of dental abscesses. Burosumab is a recent treatment for XLH that targets excess circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and its benefits on rickets have been demonstrated. It is not yet known whether burosumab improves dental manifestations of XLH. The main objective of our study was to compare the incidence of dental abscesses with XLH treated with either CT or burosumab. In this monocentric retrospective study, we measured and compared the incidence of dental abscess in children with XLH treated with either CT or burosumab, followed at our dental center for at least 1 year. The primary endpoint was the number of dental abscesses per month of dental follow‐up. A total of 71 children were included in the study, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at the start of dental follow‐up of 7.86 ± 3.76. Thirty‐eight children were treated with CT (53.5%) and 33 with burosumab (46.5%). All children treated with burosumab had previously been treated with CT. The mean number of dental abscesses per month of dental follow‐up was significantly reduced in the burosumab group compared with the CT group (0.01 versus 0.04; p = 0.04). Burosumab treatment appears to be associated with a reduction in the number of dental abscesses in XLH children, compared with CT. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessing the impact of pre‐test education on patient knowledge, perceptions, and expectations of pharmacogenomic testing to guide antidepressant use
Authors: Sloat Nicholette T. , Yashar Beverly M. , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Ward Kristen M.
Published: July 2022

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is an increasingly utilized technology that offers the potential for precision drug selection to treat depression. Though PGx‐guided therapy is associated with increased rates of remission of depression symptoms, for many patients, treatment will not change based on PGx testing results. Lack of consensus guidelines for pre‐test counseling may hinder the communication of PGx testing limitations, and patients often have high expectations for test outcomes. To explore this issue, we created and evaluated the impact of a pre‐test education video for patients with depression. Individuals in the education group (n = 198) viewed this brief video about PGx testing prior to completing a survey that explored knowledge, perception, and expectations of PGx testing developed using a theoretical framework to measure intention to test. Individuals in the survey‐only group (n = 189) completed the same survey but were not provided with any PGx educational materials. Analyses demonstrate efficacy of the video in improving knowledge of PGx. The education group also reported more positive attitudes and greater perceived control over pursuing PGx testing compared to the survey‐only group. Further analyses identified significant differences in expectations, attitudes, and intention to pursue PGx testing based on number of previous medication trials. Path analyses identified the best model for predicting PGx testing intention, specifically that social norms and ease of testing have a strong positive association, and knowledge has a strong negative association with patients' intentions to test across the full sample, the education group, and the survey‐only group. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for future tailored educational initiatives in the PGx testing space.
Bone marrow overexpression of SNAI1 is an early indicator of intrinsic drug resistance in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gouda Mahmoud B. Y. , Hassan Naglaa M. , Kandil Eman I.
Published: July 2022

Background

The lack of effectiveness of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment remains a major challenge and resembles a principal cause of AML‐related mortality owing to chemotherapy resistance. SNAI1 has been proved to be a leading factor in drug resistance in many cancer types. However, its relation to chemoresistance in AML is not well understood.

Methods

In addition to standard lab work, the expression level of SNAI1 was determined in bone marrow samples of 109 adult and pediatric patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia using RT‐qPCR. The relation between SNAI1 and AML drug resistance and immunomodulatory genes was investigated using the STRING tool.

Results

The SNAI1 expression level was upregulated in AML patients in particular samples with promyelocytic leukemia subtype against control cases. In the treatment response, SNAI1 was significantly higher in resistant patients in comparison with the complete remission group. SNAI1 overexpression was associated with high initial blasts and total leukocyte counts, but with HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DR downregulation. STRING analysis showed that multiple drug resistance and immunomodulatory genes of AML induce SNAI upregulation and activation. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that there was no relation between SNAI1 expression level and patient survival status.

Conclusion

We conclude that the SNAI1 expression level may be a predictor of intrinsic drug resistance incidence in AML patients.
Metabolic impact of adipose tissue macrophages in the early postnatal life
Authors: Röszer Tamás
Published: July 2022

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play key roles in metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, adipose tissue fibrosis, and immune disorders associated with obesity. Research on ATM biology has mostly been conducted in the setting of adult obesity, since adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with a significant increase in ATM number. Signals that control ATM activation toward a proinflammatory or a proresolving phenotype also determine the developmental program and lipid metabolism of adipocytes after birth. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators, which induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipocytes. ATMs in the newborn and the infant promote a lipolytic and fatty acid oxidizing adipocyte phenotype, which is essential to support the lipid-fueled metabolism, to maintain nonshivering thermogenesis and counteract an excessive adipose tissue expansion. Since adipose tissue metabolism in the early postnatal life determines obesity status in adulthood, early-life ATM functions may have a life-long impact.
Long noncoding RNA HCP5 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the miR‐29b‐3p‐LOXL2 axis
Authors: Tan Jin‐Dian , Zhou Mei‐Feng , Yang Song , Lin Jian‐Ping
Published: July 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumors in adolescents that causes cancer‐related deaths. Previous studies have confirmed the promoting role of lncRNA HCP5 in the development of OS, but the specific mechanism is still not well understood. MiRNA levels were measured via RT‐qPCR and protein expression was detected via western blotting. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK‐8 assays and colony formations assay were conducted to measure colony formation ability. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the targeting relationship between HCP5 and miR‐29b‐3p, and between miR‐29b‐3p and LOXL2. Wound healing assays and Transwell assays were conducted to verify the migration and invasion abilities of OS cells. Correlations between the levels of HCP5 and miR‐29b‐3p, and between miR‐29b‐3p and LOXL2 were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. MiR‐29b‐3p expression was decreased and HCP5 and LOXL2 levels were increased in OS tissues and cell lines. MiR‐29b‐3p could directly act on LOXL2 and knockdown of LOXL2 restrained the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. Moreover, transfection with sh‐HCP5‐1 and sh‐HCP5‐2 suppressed the malignant biological behavior of OS cells. HCP5 directly targeted miR‐29b‐3p, and promoted OS proliferation, migration, and invasion via the miR‐29b‐3p/LOXL2 axis. The lncRNA HCP5 may upregulate LOXL2 expression by targeting miR‐29b‐3p, thereby promoting OS proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Vascular loops in cerebellopontine angle in patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: Evaluations by three radiological grading systems
Authors: Leng Yangming , Lei Ping , Liu Yingzhao , Chen Cen , Xia Kaijun , Liu Bo
Published: July 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate the impact of the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and internal auditory canal (IAC) on the clinical features of patients with unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐six patients with unilateral ISSNHL were enrolled. All patients received detailed history inquiry and standard treatments. Pure tone audiometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CPA‐IAC were performed. The MRI findings of both ears were evaluated by the Chavda, Gorrie and Kazawa systems. The association between radiological findings and clinical data were analyzed.

Results

(1) No significant interaural difference in the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of AICA was observed. (2) There was no significant association between the AICA loop and concomitant vertigo or pre‐treatment audiometric configuration in the affected ear. (3) Concomitant tinnitus seemed to be affected by the configuration of AICA categorized by Kazawa system, while the Chavda and Gorrie classification of AICA loop was unassociated with tinnitus. (4) Hearing outcomes were not compromised by the position or configuration of AICA based on the Chavda and Kazawa systems. Patients with Gorrie type B tended to have better hearing recovery than those with type C.

Conclusions

In patients with ISSNHL, the position, configuration and neurovascular contact of AICA in the CPA‐IAC were unassociated with the side of hearing loss, audiometric configurations, or concomitant vertigo. The neurovascular contact graded by Gorrie system might be associated with hearing outcomes.
Clockwise hysteresis of diatoms in response to nutrient dynamics during eutrophication and recovery
Authors: Milan Manuela , Albrecht Nina , Peeters Frank , Wengrat Simone , Wessels Martin , Straile Dietmar
Published: July 2022

Many lake ecosystems that have been severely disturbed by eutrophication, have also experienced large human efforts to restore “natural” conditions. However, the trajectories and the extent of recovery of these lake ecosystems are still poorly understood. In many shallow lakes, recovery was often delayed and counter‐clockwise hysteretic. Here, we study recovery and ecosystem trajectories in a large and deep lake using diatom remains in sediment cores and time series of phosphorus concentrations. We identified four periods of diatom community change: slow change during early eutrophication, thereafter a short period of rapid change after the 1950s, followed by community stability from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s, and finally a recovery phase until 2010. Diatom community structure responded quickly and in a saturating way to increasing phosphorus concentrations, but also fast to phosphorus decline. Hence, diatom community dynamics did not show counter‐clockwise hysteresis but was characterized by a high degree of recovery and clock‐wise hysteresis (CWH). We suggest that CWH in response to eutrophication and recovery is a typical and previously overlooked feature of deep lakes, which results from a more rapid change of average nutrient concentrations and thus productivity in the epilimnion compared to average nutrient concentrations across the entire water column. Such nonlinear and hysteretic responses to changing nutrients need to be considered when analyzing the effects of other stressors such as climate warming on ecosystem dynamics to prevent erroneous attribution of ecosystem change to other stressors instead of nutrient change.
Corrosion behavior of near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing
Authors: Lavrys Serhil , Pohrelyuk Iryna , Veselivska Halyna , Skrebtsov Andrii , Kononenko Julia , Marchenko Yurii
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti–6Al–Mo–1.5V–2Zr near‐alpha titanium alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). Titanium alloy specimens were fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) and laser metal deposition (LMD). The same titanium alloy manufactured by traditional technology (TT) was used as a control. The correlations between corrosion resistance, microstructure and phase composition of titanium alloys fabricated by different technologies were investigated, through the use of electrochemical corrosion testing, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and hardness testing. In this study, it was shown that the corrosion resistance of AM samples is lower than TT samples. The corrosion resistance of AM samples was attributed to the presence of more α′ martensite and less β‐Ti phases in the microstructure of titanium alloy than for TT samples. The electrochemical results suggest that titanium alloy fabricated by EBM has better corrosion resistance in 20% HCl solution at room temperature compared to titanium alloy fabricated by LMD.
An ultra‐wide passband frequency‐selective rasorber with high transmission
Authors: Liao Kun , Liu Shaobin , Zheng Xinyuan , Zhang Xuewei , Shao Xianxian , Kong Xiangkun
Published: July 2022

A frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) with an ultra‐wide transmission band and low‐insertion loss based on compound spiral resonator is presented. The structure consists of the top lossy layer and bottom lossless layer. The frequency‐selective surface is adopted as the lossless layer to obtain an ultra‐wide transmission window. The top lossy layer is made up of the compound spiral resonator and I‐shaped metallic strips with four lumped resistors in this design. The equivalent circuit model is constructed to expound the operating mechanism of this FSR. The 1 dB transmission bandwidth is achieved from 6.98 to 12.21 GHz (54.5%) with the minimum insertion loss of 0.13 dB at 10.40 GHz. Moreover, the bandwidth of S11 < −10 dB is obtained in 4.64–12.21 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 89.8%. Furthermore, the designed FSR has a good oblique incident angle of 30° and polarization stability. Finally, the simulation results are proved by the experimental results, which confirm the feasibility of the design.
How in vitro maturation changes the proteome of ovine cumulus–oocyte complexes?
Authors: Passos José Renato S. , Guerreiro Denise D. , Otávio Kamila S. , dos Santos‐Neto Pedro C. , Souza‐Neves Marcela , Cuadro Federico , Nuñez‐Olivera Richard , Crispo Martina , Vasconcelos Fábio R. , Bezerra Maria Julia B. , Silva Renato F. , Lima Laritza F. , Figueiredo José Ricardo , Bustamante‐Filho Ivan C. , Menchaca Alejo , Moura Arlindo A.
Published: July 2022

The present study evaluated the effects of in vitro maturation (IVM) on the proteome of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from ewes. Extracted COC proteins were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Differences in protein abundances (p < 0.05) and functional enrichments in immature versus in vitro‐matured COCs were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. There were 2550 proteins identified in the COCs, with 89 and 87 proteins exclusive to immature and mature COCs, respectively. IVM caused downregulation of 84 and upregulation of 34 proteins. Major upregulated proteins in mature COCs were dopey_N domain‐containing protein, structural maintenance of chromosomes protein, ubiquitin‐like modifier‐activating enzyme 2. Main downregulated proteins in mature COCs were immunoglobulin heavy constant mu, inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 2, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin. Proteins exclusive to mature COCs and upregulated after IVM related to immune response, complement cascade, vesicle‐mediated transport, cell cycle, and extracellular matrix organization. Proteins of immature COCs and downregulated after IVM were linked to metabolic processes, immune response, and complement cascade. KEGG pathways and miRNA‐regulated genes attributed to downregulated and mature COC proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism, humoral response, and B cell‐mediated immunity. Thus, IVM influenced the ovine COC proteome. This knowledge supports the future development of efficient IVM protocols for Ovis aries.