bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Một số yếu tố liên quan đến tuân thủ sử dụng sắt và acid folic của thai phụ tại Khoa sản Bệnh viện E năm 2022
Authors: Lộ Thị Thuỳ Linh , Lê Thanh Tùng
Published: March 2023

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét một số yếu tố liên quan đến tuân thủ sử dụng viên sắt và acid folic của thai phụ đến khám và quản lý thai kỳ tại khoa Sản Bệnh viện E năm 2022.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Thiết kế nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 340 thai phụ đến khám và quản lý thai nghén tại khoa Sản Bệnh viện E bằng bộ câu hỏi đánh giá mức độ tuân thủ sử dụng thuốc Brief Medication Questionnaire trong thời gian từ tháng 2 đến tháng 5 năm 2022.
Kết quả: Nghiên cứu xác định được mối liên quan giữa tác dụng phụ của sắt và acid folic với tuân thủ sử dụng sắt và acid folic của phụ nữ có thai với p < 0,05. Phụ nữ thiếu máu lần mang thai hiện tại có tỷ lệ tuân thủ sử dụng thuốc cao hơn so với phụ nữ không thiếu máu thai kỳ p < 0,05. Tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa việc được tư vấn sử dụng viên sắt và acid folic của nhân viên y tế với việc tuân thủ sử dụng sắt và acid folic của phụ nữ mang thai với p < 0,05. Hiểu biết của phụ nữ có thai về tác dụng của sắt và acid folic, tần suất khám thai cũng tác động đáng kể đến tỷ lệ tuân thủ sử dụng sắt và acid folic.
Kết luận: Thiếu sắt và axid folic là một vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng phổ biến ở phụ nữ mang thai, vì vậy nhân viên y tế cần khuyến cáo tư vấn về sử dụng sắt và acid folic để phòng ngừa thiếu máu cũng như thúc đẩy lợi ích của việc thăm khám thai sớm để cải thiện tuân thủ sắt và acid folic.
Calibration of a Manual Cone Penetrometer using a Digital Penetrologger
Authors: MY Kasali , OO Olla , James D , Makanjuola MB , Ahaneku IE
Published: March 2023

Cone penetrometers standardized by American Standards for Agricultural Engineering (ASAE) have been major instruments for investigating and quantifying soil compaction. However, the continuous use of penetrometers often introduces errors to the Cone Index (CI) readings obtained from the instruments over time. An ASAE calibrated digital cone penetrometer and a manual penetrometer were tested on a sandy clay loamy soil at the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Ilorin, Nigeria; using the ASAE small cone. The CI readings obtained for the two penetrometers were subjected to a statistical t-test. The results showed that the sensitivity of the manual cone penetrometer is comparable to that of the digital penetrologger at depths greater than 12cm as the mean difference showed no significant difference at this depth. However, at depths 0-11cm, there was significant difference in their mean difference; this shows the relative insensitivity of the manual cone penetrometer. The calibration results also showed that the continuous use of the manual cone penetrometer will require a multiplying facto r of 1.165 to get a CI reading close to ideal. Improvement on the manual cone penetrometer will also assist in obtaining CI readings after tillage operations.
Zoning for Rambutan Using Geo-Informatics in Chanthaburi Province, Thailand
Authors: Limsawad Yupa , Babpraserth Chalongchai , Taychasinpitak Thunya , Kingpaiboon Sununtha Kingpaiboon
Published: March 2023

Agro-economic zoning of agricultural commodity is undertaken in accordance with the objectives of the agricultural economic act B.E. 2522. The objectives are to adjust rambutan production suitable for area potential as well as to increase efficiency of production system, processing and marketing to be in high stability, and to increase competitiveness in the world market. The methodology is to apply new technology, so called Geo-informatics, as a tool for agro-economic zoning. This technology including geographic information system-GIS, remote sensing-RS, and global positioning system-GPS has been proven and effective tool for spatial rambutan production zoning and planning. The analysis for potential level of rambutan production zoning is undertaken by integrating the map of area suitability for rambutan production obtained from land allocation suitable for production target with important economic factors effecting to production system. The factors are : commodity demand and supply, production target, production source, production cost, farm gate price, production capability, and plant location (for processing factory) at district level. Percentage of weighting and other conditions are different for each factor. The result obtained in this step is map illustrating potential level for rambutan production zoning. The potential is divided into 2 levels including production potential area level 1 and production potential area level 2.
Computational Study of Canary Greenhouse Side Wall and Roof Vents Opening Effect on Nocturnal Airflow and Climate Patterns
Authors: Majdoubi Hassan , Fatnassi Hicham , Boulard Thierry , Senhaji Allal , Mouqallid Mhamed , Demrati Hassan , Bouirden Lahcen , Elbahi Salma
Published: March 2023

The following paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) comparative study of the effect of side wall and roofs vents openings on canary greenhouse airflow circulation and climate distribution under different ventilation processes. The investigation was conducted in a one hectare canary greenhouse type, which is the most widespread type in the whole Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast area of Morocco, especially in souss vally region. The simulations were performed with the commercial code CFD2000 based on the solution of the partial differential equations, which describe the flows, and was obtained by discretizing the space and time and solving the transport equations on the spatial grid as difference equations, used a finite volume discretization. The standard two equations k-Îµ model was used to describe the turbulent transport. The influence of external factors such the cover temperature, the wind speed, on the flow was simulated by boundary conditions, these values were obtained from experimental results. Simulations were conducted with a fixed wind speed equal 1.05 m/sec, tomato crop rows oriented north-south and the ventilation openings are continuous and equipped with insects screen type 20/10. Results reveal that ventilation opening arrangements strongly affects the greenhouse wind speed, which can generate a heterogeneous climate, especially during daytime. But in the other hand, results confirm that there is no significant effect of the side wall vents opening on canary greenhouse air temperature and humidity fields.
Impact of Climate Change on Livestock in Bangladesh: A Review of What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Chowdhury Q M Monzur Kader , Hossain Muhammed , Ahmed Juned , Shykat Chamali Akter , Islam Md Saiful , Hasan Maruf
Published: March 2023

Bangladesh is one of the over populated disaster prone country. The effect of climate change on livestock is a great deal to talk. This review study reveals that Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries. However, the change of climate in this country momentously continuing and which determines how difficult it is to design and implement future strategies. Being a developing country, Bangladesh is less likely to face the challenges caused by global warming and climate changes owing to financial crisis and budget allocation in preparedness of emergency and urgent. As a part of agriculture, livestock sector is considered as backboneof annual GDP in Bangladesh. Besides, the financial hardship, negligence of long term planning and dearth of implementation of the existing capacity are crucial draw back for livestock development. Therefore, this review provides some advantageous rules for policymakers on habituation and pacification of the climatic hazards for wellbeing of livestock sectors of Bangladesh.
There is no easy answer : Factors affecting meat quality in lambs
Authors: Stenberg Elin
Published: March 2023

This thesis examined the effects of production system, slaughter method, carcass handling procedures and storage method on the quality of meat from intact male lambs. Quality aspects of the meat assessed were carcass quality, meat quality indicators (measured on carcasses), technological meat quality (measured on meat samples) and sensory attributes. Four different production systems were studied: indoor feeding with silage and concentrate; cultivated pasture with or without concentrate feeding; and grazing on semi-natural pasture. Different slaughter methods (small-scale and large-scale), including different stunning methods, chilling regimes and use or not of electrical carcass stimulation, were tested. Storage methods studied included differences between fresh or frozen meat, to evaluate the effect of freezing. Differences in feeding intensity in the four production systems affected lamb live weight gain. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, conformation score and fatness score were also affected by production system. On comparing slaughter systems, a difference was found for fatness score, but not for carcass weight or conformation score. Production system and slaughter method both had no effect on pH measurements 24 hours after slaughter. Production system had no effect on meat colour, but slaughter method affected lightness of the meat. Freezing did also cause colour differences. Production system or slaughter method did not result in differences in thawing or cooking loss. Frozen storage caused an increase in total fluid losses (thawing and cooking losses) and some differences in meat colour (redness, lightness). Tenderness (measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force, WBSF) did not differ between the production systems or between the different slaughter methods, but freezing increased WBSF compared with fresh meat. Production system affected some sensory attributes of the meat (resistance to cutting, hay odour, leafy flavour), as did slaughter method (colour appearance, fatty flavour). Storage method caused differences in fatty odour, frying flavour, sour flavour, fatty flavour, liver flavour and juicy, texture and a tendency for a difference for mushy texture.
WRC-23 on the Horizon: Large Satellite Constellations, ITU Issues, and Industry Perspective
Authors: Pritchard-Kelly Ruth
Published: March 2023

Although the previous World Radiocommunications Conference (WRC-19) attempted to resolve spectrum-sharing issues among the disparate new satellite constellations, issues have multiplied as these constellations are coming into use before all the rules have been created. The upcoming WRC, to be held at the end of 2023, will grapple with spectrum and situational sharing issues among constellations that are larger than ever before, and that are disrupting national regimes designed for licensing more traditional, one-at-a-time geostationary satellites. The agenda for WRC-27 will surely include multiple areas of study related to constellations, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) will need to work closely with the UN’s Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) to resolve situational issues such as traffic management, debris, and the sustainability of the outer space environment. The emergence of operational constellations is disrupting legal regimes for states and industrial players, and future Agenda Items (AIs) should be added to WRC-27 or future Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) sessions.

constellations, LEO, ITU, spectrum, WRC
EU Restrictive Measures and Third Countries’ Evidence
Authors: Challet Celia , Grumaz Dorin-Ciprian
Published: March 2023

EU restrictive measures, often referred to as ‘sanctions’, have become an increasingly used instrument of EU autonomous foreign policy. For some restrictive measures, however, the EU cannot act alone. In order to adopt them, the Council must rely on information transmitted by third states’ authorities and decisions taken by them at domestic level. This has been the case, in particular, of EU restrictive measures adopted in connection with misappropriations of state funds. The Council’s use of such evidence has been somewhat controversial and has led to numerous legal debates before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). To what extent was the Council free to rely on the evidence provided by these third states’ authorities? How to ensure that the fundamental rights of the targeted persons and entities were complied with in the process? Faced with these questions in its particularly abundant case law, the CJEU has progressively raised the threshold of validity for these sanctions. It has done so up to a point at which, in the authors’ opinion, the sanctions can no longer reach such threshold in practice. This article addresses the evolutions and implications of the CJEU case law on a legal aspect that is of crucial importance for the EU’s sanctions practice.

Restrictive measures – Third States evidence – Misappropriations of State funds – Terrorism – Judicial review – Fundamental Rights – Ukraine – Tunisia – Egypt
The EU’s Representation in International Organizations: Case C-161/20 Commission v. Council (International Maritime Organization)
Authors: Herodotou Athena , Hadjiyianni Ioanna
Published: March 2023

This article analyses Case C-161/20 Commission v. Council (International Maritime Organization (IMO)), in which the Court of Justice of the EU upheld a Council Decision endorsing a submission to the IMO by the Presidency of the Council on behalf of the European Commission and the Member States (MSs), and not on behalf of the EU. With this case, the Court contributes to the debate on the EU’s external representation, particularly in the context of an international organization to which all the MSs, but not the EU, are parties and which regulates issues falling within EU competences. Combining an EU external relations law and a public international law perspective, this article assesses the Court’s reliance on and interpretation of international law and explores the boundaries carved by EU and international law for the participation of the EU as a separate entity in the IMO. It also seeks to discern how this case fits within the Court’s established ‘gatekeeping’ mechanisms in determining the effects of international law in the EU legal order and whether it signals an emerging, more flexible engagement with international law.

International Maritime Organization, European Union, international organizations, Court of Justice of the EU, competences, international law, external representation
Quantifying Foreign Policy Europeanization: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors: Borsetti Giacomo
Published: March 2023

This article seeks to address the question of how membership in the European Union (EU) affects the foreign policy positions of its Member States. Most of the existing research has focused on single case studies and relied on qualitative methods, encountering difficulties in providing a systematic and consistent general picture about the causal effect of membership. Instead, this study adopts a comprehensive and quantitative approach. Drawing from constructivist theory in International Relations, it clarifies a general theoretical framework for Foreign Policy Europeanization. It then employs national speeches at the United Nations General Debate to construct two measures of similarity with the EU’s positions and norms in international affairs. Applying these to a difference-in-differences approach, it finds substantial evidence that, after several years of membership, countries gradually converge towards the positions and norms of the Union. It is argued that these overall findings are consistent with a socialization effect, but not with material cost-benefit calculations.

Europeanization, Foreign Policy, European Union, United Nations General Debate, Socialization, Constructivism, Difference-in-differences, Quantitative Text Analysis
Are Joint Controllers Joint Trade Secret Owners? What EU Data Protection and US Information Privacy Law Tell Us About Trade Secret Law
Authors: Radtke Tristan
Published: March 2023

The article focusses on (joint) trade secret ownership as a (neglected) aspect of European Union (EU) and United States (US) Trade Secret Law. The article shows that Information Privacy Law and Data Protection Law, respectively, and Trade Secret Law intersect. This intersection can be used to address not only the issue of unclear trade secret ownership in relation with personal data, but also the issue of power imbalance raised by considering two or more parties with entirely different bargaining positions as jointly responsible under Data Protection Law, in particular under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In this regard, US Information Privacy and Trade Secret Law as well as EU Data Protection and Trade Secret Law and the underlying ownership and liability concepts are analysed and compared to each other. The article shows that factors for (joint) control as developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (Cases Wirtschaftsakademie, Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW), and Fashion ID) can be adapted by means of interpretation in essence under EU and US Trade Secret Law. Thus, joint controllers are often considered joint owners of the respective personal data as a trade secret. According to this approach, the parties are reciprocally entitled to prevent disclosures by each other beyond what is explicitly or implicitly agreed. Such right can act as a lever for weaker parties when bargaining with ‘stronger’ parties as necessary under Data Protection Law. At the same time, the essentially unified approach of determining trade secret ownership and data protection controllership provides for more clarity when it comes to the determination of trade secret ownership.

Joint Control, Trade Secrets, Ownership, Joint Ownership, UTSA, Fashion ID, Trade Secret Directive, GDPR, FTCA, US
The Digital Services Act (DSA): A New Era for Online Harms and Intermediary Liability
Authors: Pehlivan Ceyhun Necati , Church Peter
Published: March 2023

The EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) marks the biggest shake up to the rules for online intermediary liability in twenty years. The DSA is accompanied by flanking instruments regulating terrorist content, child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and political ads which, together, will create an entirely new framework for the regulation of online harms in the EU. These new and wide-ranging obligations attempt to reconcile the damage caused by unregulated user-generated content, fundamental rights to freedom of information and the practical limitations of moderating content at scale. The DSA is likely to shape the global approach to content regulation in this emerging area of law.

Digital Services Act, DSA, Online Harm, Intermediary Liability, Intermediary Services, Hosting Services, Very Large Online Search Engines, Online Platforms, Very Large Online Platforms
Populist Reforms in Hungary and Poland: Same Song, Different Melodies
Authors: Gyulavári Tamás , Pisarczyk Łukasz
Published: March 2023

Populism is gaining ground in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and Hungary and Poland are the best examples of this trend. The Hungarian Orbán government and conservative Polish coalition led by Kaczyński (PiS), widely considered in the literature as populist, have been in power for some time now, which allows us not only to evaluate their labour law policies, but also the results. Though there are evident similarities between these two countries, such as political motivated layoffs in public employment or significant wage increases, the discrepancies are far more numerous. These differences result from each country’s specific socio-economic conditions and (almost) diametrically opposed political strategies with respect to employment matters. While Viktor Orbán believes in a workfare society, without social allowances and with flexibilized employment protection, in Poland PiS is pushing through a belated welfare revolution with expanded social benefits and employment rights.

This article starts by describing populism as it has developed in Hungary and Poland in section 1, and the promises made by Orbán and Kaczyński before coming to power in section 2. Section 3 examines the main pillars of populist labour law policy, such as flexibilization, wages, collective rights, self-employment, social benefits and political motivated layoffs. Finally, we try to explain why and how these seemingly similar populist governments have adopted fundamentally different labour law reforms.

labour law reforms, collective rights, flexibilization, Hungary, Poland
Populism and Social Law: The Case of Southern Europe
Authors: Menegatti Emanuele , Bakirtzi Effrosyni , Muñoz Ruiz Ana Belén , Salas Porras Maria
Published: March 2023

Both left-wing and right-wing populism have found fertile ground in Southern European countries, especially in the wake of the economic crisis. Impoverishment, rising inequality and social insecurity caused by growing unemployment generated by the great recession and as a side-effect of austerity measures have increased social discontent toward the traditional political establishment. This has promoted populist movements, such as the Five Star Movement and the League (the successor to the Northern League) in Italy, and Syriza in Greece, along with Podemos and Vox in Spain.

In the first section the article introduces the populists to be scrutinized in the subsequent sections before exploring the reasons behind the rise of populist movements in Greece, Italy and Spain, and examining the kind of populism they share. In the second section we illustrate the political agenda of the ruling populist parties. The article highlights the fact that while in Greece and Italy ‘all-populist’ governments have been in charge in recent years and have managed to implement some of their reforms, in Spain they have never come to power alone, but only within a coalition with traditional parties, so we will mostly discuss their political agenda. The third section focuses on an evaluation of the effectiveness of the policies implemented with respect to the social issues these groups purported to address. This will take us to a final discussion of the real capacity demonstrated by ruling populists to promote a new social model or a valid alternative to the mainstream liberal one.

Populism, labour law, social security law, social model
The Impact of Populism on Scandinavian Labour Law: The Cases of Norway and Sweden
Authors: Inghammar Andreas , Sønderland Skjønberg Alexander
Published: March 2023

Modern populism has developed in Scandinavia since at least the 1970s, first in Norway and Denmark but more recently also in Sweden. Populist political parties have been well-established in Scandinavian Parliaments for many years. However, from a labour law perspective, the populist impact, if any, has been limited and populist discourse has primarily focused on issues such as migration and the European Union (EU), and to some extent ‘welfare tourism’. This article examines the development of populist movements in Norway and Sweden and analyses the possible impact of populist policies on national labour law. The conclusion is that Nordic industrial relations and labour market regulations, based on strong and representative trade unions and well-organized and responsible employer federations, act as a robust counterweight to populist policies on the labour market.

Section 2 of the article consists of a discussion of how we understand the development of modern populism in a Norwegian and Swedish perspective. Section 3 explores the extent to which populist political ideas have directly impacted or indirectly influenced labour market regulations in the two countries. In concluding, section 4 monitors the potency of strong and well-established industrial relations as a countervailing force to populist political movements.

Populist Policies, Labour Market Regulation, Scandinavia, Norway, Sweden, Resilience to Populism
Dealing with Accusations of Illegality in International Arbitration: Dutch Perspectives on the Interaction Between Private Law and Criminal Law Standards
Authors: van Zelst Bas
Published: March 2023

This article finds that private and criminal law standards differ greatly – both in terms of evidence and in terms of applicable substantive norms. On the basis of an assessment of the interaction between criminal and private law standards under Dutch arbitration law, it submits that in the private law assessment of allegations of illegality, evidentiary and substantive criminal law standards should play a more prominent part. To this end, it considers arguments of system coherence, legal policy and the rule of law.

international arbitration, illegality, corruption, fraud, evidence, public policy
The Complex and Evolving Legal Status of Ad Hoc Arbitration in China
Authors: Fu Panfeng
Published: March 2023

The current People’s Republic of China (PRC) Arbitration Law rejects ad hoc arbitration by requiring the arbitration agreement to specify an arbitration institution. However, such rejection does not constitute a barrier to the enforcement of foreign ad hoc arbitration awards under the New York Convention. To determine the validity of a foreign ad hoc arbitration agreement, China adopts a conflict-of-laws approach in ascertaining its applicable law. Recent years have witnessed China’s initiative to experiment with ad hoc arbitration in its Free Trade Zones (FTZs). The draft revised PRC Arbitration Law published by the Chinese Ministry of Justice (MOJ) in 2021 proposes allowing foreign-related disputes to be resolved by ad hoc arbitration. This article argues that the legal status of ad hoc arbitration in China demonstrates a complex and evolving nature. It notes that while complete legalization of ad hoc arbitration in China is unlikely in the short term, its legal status will continue to evolve, reflecting the complicated relationship between China’s bureaucratized arbitration regime and its increasingly sophisticated arbitration market.

Ad Hoc Arbitration, Legal Status, PRC Arbitration Law, Article 16, Article 18, Conflict-of-Laws Approach, Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards, New York Convention, Free Trade Zones, China’s Bureaucratized Arbitration Regime
Contractual Arbitration Clauses and Non-Contractual Claims
Authors: Berger Klaus Peter
Published: March 2023

Are non-contractual claims such as tort claims covered by standard arbitration clauses? Italian arbitration law contains a provision which seems to resolve this issue in favour of arbitration but which is interpreted restrictively by the Italian Court of Cassation. In other jurisdictions, the traditional approach was to find the answer by interpreting the wording of the clause. The modern view is to focus instead on the requirement of ‘factual equivalence’ between the non-contractual claim and the performance of the contract that contains the arbitration clause.

Non-Contractual Claims, Principle of Wide Interpretation, In Favorem Validitatis, One-Stop Adjudication, Italian Court of Cassation, Italian Code of Civil Procedure, Wind Jet Judgment, General Arbitration Clauses, Fiona Trust, CDC Hydrogen Peroxide
What Place Does an Umbrella Clause Have in the New Generation of Bilateral Investment Treaties?
Authors: Carroll Lee
Published: March 2023

In the new wave of international investment treaties, investor protections are under scrutiny as states seek to ‘restore’ their right to regulate. The umbrella clause is one investor protection under reconsideration. The perception, held by some, is that the umbrella clause permits an ‘unjustified intrusion’ into a state’s right to regulate within its territory. For that reason, the clause is increasingly being omitted from modern-day treaties. This article undertakes a detailed analysis of the umbrella clause and its divergent construction by investment treaty tribunals. It focuses on four particular complexities associated with the umbrella clause that have confronted tribunals to date. In conducting this analysis, the author seeks to demonstrate that, properly construed, the umbrella clause does not have far-reaching ramifications or interfere with a state’s right to regulate. It has an important place in the new wave of international investment treaties but should be carefully drafted. A suggested formulation, which has in mind the four complexities discussed, is offered up.

Umbrella clause, obligations observance clause, observance of undertakings clause, international investment agreements, bilateral investment treaties, next generation of BITs, investor protections, state’s right to regulate, privity of obligation, investment treaty arbitration
The Human Right of Freedom of Expression in Investor-State Arbitration
Authors: Dillon Thomas
Published: March 2023

Investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) by arbitration under bilateral investment treaties (BITs) frequently entails the application of international law extrinsic to the BIT itself, either as a principle of interpretation or by importation to the BIT of external rules as a matter of construction. Since the Second World War, a huge domain of law has been developed by international tribunals under human rights treaties. These treaties are international law instruments of equal status to any BIT. However, when claimants have brought ISDS claims relating to investments in television and radio broadcasting, human rights law, in particular the right of freedom of expression, has often been ignored or dismissed by arbitral tribunals. Yet a jurisprudence constante in human rights tribunals clearly provides that there is a presumption in favour of freedom to broadcast, a presumption potentially material to the merits of such disputes. The conventional protections provided to investors under BITs require tribunals to apply human rights law, with the result that the presumption of freedom to broadcast throws a burden on states to justify the withholding of necessary permissions. As political interference with free media, often foreign-owned, continues to be reported, the societal responsibility of tribunals to take such rights seriously becomes pressing.

ISDS, investment treaty, arbitration, broadcasting licence, freedom of speech, freedom of expression, censorship, political interference
Article: Pillar Two and Developing Countries: The STTR and GloBE Implementation
Authors: Wardell-Burrus Heydon
Published: March 2023

This article argues that the Subject to Tax Rule (STTR), which was noted as an ‘integral part of achieving consensus on Pillar Two for developing countries’, is unlikely to raise significant revenue for low-income countries. This is because it is within both the power and interests of another actor (either the developing country’s treaty partner, or the relevant Multinational Enterprise (MNE)) to produce a better outcome for that actor under which the STTR will not apply. In order to retain support for Pillar Two from developing countries, the Inclusive Framework should explore mechanisms to provide tangible benefits to developing countries under the implementation of the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Rules. This article considers three potential options which could be adopted as part of GloBE implementation and which do not require amending the GloBE Rules. These proposals allow developing countries to leverage the GloBE infrastructure (as well as the administrative capacity of revenue authorities in developed states) to improve the integrity of their tax bases as well as to raise additional revenue if they choose to do so.

STTR, subject to tax rule, GloBE, minimum tax, Pillar 2, Pillar Two
Article: Auditioning for Hollywood: A Comparative Study of Tax Incentives Offered to the Film Industry
Authors: Lind Yvette
Published: March 2023

The European film landscape is characterized by a strong presence of Hollywood productions. In 2019, American productions held approximately 70% of the market within the European Union while European productions had 25%. As a response, the EU has introduced differing types of financial support schemes with the aim of offsetting the imbalance between the American and the European film industries.

This article describes and analyses tax incentives offered to the film industry from two main lines of inquiry: (1) a comparative and empirical tax study of twelve jurisdictions (Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) in which the design of such tax incentives is investigated, and (2) a conceptual tax policy discussion on how states may design and implement such tax incentives.

Tax incentives, sustainability, development, film industry, tax competition, tax design, comparative tax law
Quantifying the Impact of the Latest US Tariff Sanctions on Russia: A Sectoral Analysis
Authors: Schropp Simon , Latipov Olim , Lau Christian , Mahlstein Kornel
Published: March 2023

In addition to the existing import ban on energy products (oil, gas, coal), the United States recently announced a new sanction package that imposes significantly higher import tariffs on 570 product groups from Russia. These tariff increases affect more than USD 2 billion in US imports from Russia.

Using a sector-specific partial-equilibrium (PE) model, we quantify the impact of these US tariff increases. We find that the new tariffs affect 8.7% of total US imports from Russia and may decrease Russian welfare by USD 181 million per year, while imposing annual costs of USD 90 million on US consumers.

Our sectoral analysis shows that the US’ choice of target sectors produces mixed results. On one hand, the sanctions cover dozens of sectors whose inclusion produce particularly large welfare losses to Russia and/or high welfare gains to the US Yet, for several target sectors higher tariffs result in zero harm to Russia, and/or greater harm to the US than to Russia. For example, higher tariffs for several selected sectors result in zero harm to Russia, and/or greater harm to the United States than to Russia. These and other insights may provide guidance for the design of future tariff sanctions by the European Union (EU) and other Allies.

International trade, war in Ukraine, economic sanctions, import tariffs, economic impact, partial equilibrium, sectoral analysis, welfare analysis, pass-through, tariff revenue, Russia, United States, European Union
The ‘Level Playing Field’ Metaphor: Revealing a Competitive Move in EU Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Gillis Matilda
Published: March 2023

The European Union’s (EU’s) ‘New Generation’ Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) often contain ‘level playing field’ obligations. ‘Level playing field’ obligations, in this context, are minimum, reciprocal obligations usually with respect to taxation, state-aid, and both labour and environmental standards. This short article is not so much concerned with these obligations or their effect, as it is with the use of the ‘level playing field’ metaphor to describe them, specifically in the context of labour and environmental standards. Through an examination of the actual usage, meaning and context of the level playing field metaphor, the article analyses and rejects arguments that a commitment to a level playing field in fact indicates a change on the part of states away from ‘free’ trade to ‘fair’. Rather, it demonstrates that the level playing field metaphor, at least in the context of EU FTAs, in fact functions as a kind of linguistic disguise for a competitive move in trade agreements.

Level Playing Field, EU Trade, Free Trade Agreements, Free Trade, Fair Trade, Sustainabilty, Labour, Environment, Metaphor, Cognitive Metaphor Theory
Veterans Action League 2.0: Creating a Veteran-Centered Chronic Pain Research Agenda
Authors: Krause-Parello Cheryl A. , Flynn Linda , Pratt Beth A. , Clarke Rosa , Colloca Luana , Garvin Jane , Hibler David , Saban Karen L. , Weaver Frances
Published: March 2023

Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability among United States veterans. Affecting up to 70% of veterans, chronic pain touches all aspects of life, not just physical functioning. Despite the fact that the nation is experiencing a crisis with substance use disorder, the most common treatment for pain among veterans is opioids. The purpose of this community engagement project was to develop a national veteran-centered chronic pain research agenda. In total, 129 veterans and stakeholders engaged in Think Tank Meetings across five states: Florida, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia. Veterans revealed they wanted better access to care, better care coordination, and more options for managing chronic pain. Veterans’ recommendations for chronic pain management and veteran-generated priorities for chronic pain research are presented. The outcomes of this community engagement project can be used by researchers, clinicians, health care providers, health care system managers, and policy-makers to engage in activities that are veteran-centered and veteran-driven.
ACUMULADORES DE CÃES E GATOS NO BRASIL: UM PROBLEMA SOCIAL, DE SAÚDE E POLÍTICO
Authors: De Melo Evelynne Hildegard Marques , Mendonça Adriana de Lima , Barboza Railson da Silva , Nunes Annelise Castanha Barreto Tenório , Porto Wagnner José do Nascimento , Abreu Silvio Romero de Oliveira , Do Amaral Mariana Ferreira , Da Silva Maria Clara Carlos
Published: March 2023

Caninos e felinos domésticos são reconhecidos pelo governo brasileiro como fauna antrópica urbana. Para algumas pessoas, a presença destes animais livres nas vias públicas significa um estímulo a abrigá-los, culminando em muitos casos no transtorno psicológico da acumulação. Este é um evento complexo de difícil aceitação social. No Brasil há poucos estudos com olhar resolutivo político sobre a temática. Objetivou-se relatar as condutas sanitárias das pessoas que mantém o hábito de acumular cães e gatos em residência para contribuir com a formatação de políticas públicas. O estudo recebeu aprovação n° 1.266.797 do Comitê de ética e pesquisa e 400 tutores foram entrevistados em uma Organização Não Governamental na cidade de Maceió-AL. O acúmulo de animais, as deficientes condutas de manejo sanitários e a delicada situação socioeconômica dos acumuladores, revelam um problema multidisciplinar de importância para políticas públicas especialmente as da Captura, Esterilização e Devolução e reconhecimento de caninos e felinos comunitários.
DESAFIOS DO EAD: A RELEVÂNCIA DA AMBIENTAÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Gervasoni Viviane Chunques , Rossi Gorge Bedinelli , da Silva Dirceu
Published: March 2023

O propósito central desse trabalho foi apresentar a inserção dos estudantes calouros, com foco no acolhimento e integração. A natureza dessa pesquisa foi por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, e em seguida a inferência aos dados e análises de experiências vivenciadas. O estudo foi desenvolvido com os estudantes de graduação nível bacharelado na modalidade EaD. Para desenvolvê-lo, partiu-se da hipótese  de  que  apenas  o  uso  de  novas  tecnologias,  diversificação  das  mídias  e  inovação  na linguagem dos conteúdos, não seriam suficientes para suprir as necessidades dos estudantes que ingressam no universo EaD. Como um dos fundamentos contextuais de EaD, um modelo empírico foi desenvolvido com relevância inovadora de utilização das tecnologias de comunicação em busca da otimização  de  uma  aprendizagem  significativa,  tornando-se  assim  o  ensino-aprendizagem  mais abrangente.
Development of Immediate-Release Amlodipine Tablets with Buoyancy for Improved Oral Delivery
Authors: B Srividya  , P Shalini
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to formulate floating tablets of amlodipine using different grades of HPMC polymers with varied concentrations by direct compression method. Six formulations were prepared and evaluated for various parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's compressibility index, and Hausner's ratio. Tablets were subjected to several tests to determine drug content uniformity, disintegration times, floating behavior, tablet thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, and in vitro dissolution. The optimum formulation was also evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry tests and particle size and morphology analysis. The results suggest that direct compression method can be used to prepare floating tablets of amlodipine with suitable characteristics for oral administration.
A Study on the Consumer Behaviour Towards Adapting to Green Products in the Dynamic Environment
Authors: Srinivas Disha
Published: March 2023

Aspects like green products literacy, orientation, mediating effects of the consumer attitude and social influence have been key factors that have helped shoot up the usage and preference of the sustainable products recently. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic played a crucial role in help shaping the consumers attitudes and behaviour with respect to the eco- friendly goods and the hard-learned rule to reduce any wastages for an effective and efficient way to withstand the pandemic. The study aims to find the determinants and preventing factors that effects the consumer behaviour towards green products. It also throws light on the domino effect that is created in the society; which eventually makes people mindful and responsible of the usage of natural resources. The data for this study collected from 126 respondents residing in India showed that there was a significant usage of green products over the past years. Also factors like awareness, psychology, responsibility towards environment, cost of the product, eco-labels, initiatives to educate the public were a few major factors that had the most impact. Likewise, factors affecting the consumers buying behaviour have a foremost consequence on their purchasing decisions. Therefore, both the producers and consumers of the green / eco-friendly products are being more mindful about their consumption of the limited resources. Preventing factors of purchasing by the consumer includes high cost, limited range and non- availability of the desired product. In addition, limitations of the study include its sample size. Since the study has been conducted on a minor sample size the results of the study may vary in accordance the population size. Key words: Green Products, Sustainable development, eco-friendly, consumer behaviour, natural resources
Data Preprocessing Toolkit : An Approach to Automate Data Preprocessing
Authors: Varma Deepak , Nehansh Alwala , Swathy P
Published: March 2023

-Data Pre-processing transforms the data into a format that is more easily and effectively processed in data mining, machine learning, and other data science tasks. The Data Pre-processing techniques are generally used at the earlier stages of the machine learning and AI development pipeline to ensure accurate results. Data must first go through several pre-processing steps before the machine learning model can use it. We intend to build a GUI that allows users to input the data with inconsistencies and various options are provided to pre- process. After the data is processed, we provide the users an option to analyze the data which gives them clarity on the further aspects of preprocessing. Pre-processing consists of three main phases i.e. Data Cleaning, Data Transformation, and Data Reduction. Data cleaning involves correcting or removing inaccurate, corrupted, improperly formatted, duplicate, or incomplete data from a dataset. Data transformation is a technique used to convert data into a suitable format that eases data mining and retrieves strategic information. Data reduction is the process of shrinking the size of the original data so that it can be represented in a much smaller volume. Preprocessing requires a lot of work, what if we could automate it? With just one click, this web application is capable of transforming inconsistent data into consistent data that could be used further. The GUI is built using the Streamlit library in python and in the backend, we intend to use the AutoClean library along with many other libraries based on different formats of data.. Key Words: Data Cleaning, AutoClean, Data Transformation, Data Reduction, Streamlit.
Experimental Study of Fly Ash Based Translucent Concrete Projects: A Review
Authors: Yadav Vishal M , Patel Prof. R L , Pitroda Dr. J. R , Bhatt Kripen
Published: March 2023

By 2050, it is predicted that the manufacturing of regular cement for institutional, commercial, and residential structures will spew around 3800 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and use 38% of the world's energy. It has become crucial to create a new class of construction materials that combine eco-friendly, energy-saving, and self-sensing capabilities. Translucent concrete, created through innovation in the material sciences and the fusing of fibre optics and concrete technologies, helps to create structures that are cosier, more artistic, safe, and energy-efficient. The creation of Smart Transparent Concrete, based on its exceptional transparent and smart sensing qualities, is discussed in light of "green" standards and safe evaluation for engineering constructions that have attracted global attention. Dealing with its application and the benefits it offers in the area of smart construction, discover that it can save lighting power consumption, utilise an optical fibre to detect structural stress, and use this concrete as an architectural feature for a pleasing aesthetic sight of the building. Fly ash is used in concrete to explore the partial additional of cement with fly ash. Translucent concrete blocks can be used in many ways and implemented into many be highly advantageous. Keywords: Translucent Concrete, Optical Fiber, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Light Transmission.
An Investigative Approach to identify Loop Hole and Data Leak vulnerabilities in a World’s Largest Greenfield VoLTE Mobile Network Operator JIO through Network Packet Dissection and Penetration
Authors: S Saravanan
Published: March 2023

Apply Digital forensic technique to diagnose the cyber security threat to the Advanced IP based Mobile telephony Networks. Indian Telecom Market having a huge subscriber base. The Market adapts the new technology Long Term Evolution (LTE), VoLTE, IP Multimedia Subsystem. Hacking the Mobile Network is a major threat to the telecom ecosystem impacts the subscribers and operator seriously. The paper illustrates investigation on the strategy to Dissect and penetrate into JIO’s Network to identify the loop holes and data leaks in the Network pipe. Using the loop holes, the network may subject to attacks, hijacked, data stealth. We have followed out a grey hat technique to an extent, to continue the process and explore network nodal entry gaps to access the systems and flood anonymous traffic in to the network. We may require the Network operator’s permission to dig deeper, investigate further provide an authenticated report. The research and the reports of this paper is carried out by thorough understanding of user limits privileges provided by the network to a normal subscriber. It’s very clear the access is open to every subscriber and not crossed the network boundary limits. The investigation results bring an alarm to telecom network and its stake holders. With recent advancements like 5G, WSN, IOT, IoE, SDN-NFV the stakeholders keep increasing and expanding brings industrial convergence. With this aspect the stakeholder’s groups of telecom imbibes a huge impact across the industries and normal life. This research approach is just a sample on JIO’s Network, this can be carried out on all the Networks in the Indian Market or global Market to ensure no gaps in their network security. The idea is to sniff packets in the network through user agents like Mobile phones and do a deep packet investigation along with the understanding of network interfaces and protocols. Identify the gaps in the Core networks interfaces and the entities in the Network through call flow scenarios PS Mobile originating/ Terminating call and SMS tracing. The paper describes the initial phase of Dissecting and penetrating the Network. By having the operators Permission, we may drill down deeper investigation in this approach and analyses the crucial impacts, damage and Collateral damages to their Network. KEYWORDS Cyber Security, Digital Forensic, Mobile Network security, Network Penetration, Packet sniffing, Deep Packet Inspection.