bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucoadhesive polymers for buccal drug delivery system: An overview
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Sheeba F.R. , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad , Patel Akshay Kumar , Kumar Yeshavantha
Published: March 2022

Pharmaceutical scientists around the globe have been seeking to discover as an alternative to injections over the last few, transdermal and transmucosal routes decades. The buccal cavity mucosa the most convenient and easily available site for the distribution of local and systemic therapeutic agents was found to be dosage forms among the numerous transmucosal sitesavailable.Theories and various polymers used in mucoadhesive drug delivery. Mucoadhesive polymers increases the residence time, prolong the absorption, enhances solubilityand dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble drugs. In addition, we are focused on the latest generation of mucoadhesion polymers, led by the latest formulation of mucoadhesive for the distribution of oral drugs, such as thiolated polymers. A good insight into mucoadhesion polymers, the mucoadhesive phenomenon and the factors that can affect polymer mucoadhesion is given in the current analysis. The systematic drug delivery has been investigated for buccal mucosa and local drug treatment or therapy is subjected to first pass metabolism. Oral mucosa drug delivery by discussing the structural features of mucosa, mechanism of mucoadhesion. General consideration in design of mucoadhesive buccal dosage forms, permeation enhancers and the various evalution method along with literature survey of the buccal mucoadhesive.
An UpdatedReview onBioinformatics and Pharmacogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development Process
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Mukherjee Payel , Chakraborty Manas , Kumar Singha Dipak
Published: March 2022

Drug discovery and development is a time taking process, it has high risk also. Sometimes it get positive result, sometimes not. To discover, development and bring it into the market; pharmaceuticals companies invest millions of money. From drug discovery to bring it into the market these is a step by step procedure, it requires proper human resources, updated technological support and huge investment. A convenient surveillance is needed into the whole process from discovery to marketization that new entity. So these are the reasons for increasing cost in new drug development and research. But in recent time bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics made a huge impact on new drug development. Its helps in drug target identification, drug designing, clinical trial, not only bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics reduces the cost in healthcare management but also improves the selection of proper effective therapy and development of personalized medicines.
A Review on Medicinal Plants of Natural Origin for Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Andhalkar Shivani , Chaware Vitthal , Redasani Vivek
Published: March 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) related infertility is a global problem that is spreading at an alarming rate. Chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism, as well as abnormal menstrual cycles, hirsutism, acne, and infertility, are all symptoms of this condition. PCOS is linked to insulin resistance and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Among other things, an inactive lifestyle, a lack of exercise, dietary changes, and stress are all contributing factors. Curcuma longa, Aloe barbadensis, Mentha piperita, Allium fistulosum Cinnamonum zeylanicum, and other plants have been shown to be effective in the treatment of PCOS. The aim of this review is to summarise the most effective medicinal plants that are used in the treatment or prevention of PCOS. Special emphasis is placed on the role of insulin resistance and the possible utility of insulin sensitizers in the treatment of PCOS.
Role of Floating Tablet In Oral Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kumar Sumeet , Keerthy H.S. , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad
Published: March 2022

Oral delivery of drugs is the most commonly used mode of administration among all the routes explored for the systemic delivery of drugs by numerous different dosage forms. Many components play a significant role in the development of the drug delivery system. Differences in gastric physiology such as pH and motility, have been shown to have important effects on gastric retention time and drug delivery activity in both intra- and inter-subject variability. FDDS focuses on locally active drugs with a narrow stomach absorption window or a narrow upper small intestine absorption window, are unstable in the intestinal or colonic system, and have poor solubility at high pH values.For drugs that are locally active and have a narrow absorption window in the stomach or upper small intestine and which are unstable in the intestinal or colonic setting. FDDS is particularly interesting because it has a low solubility at high pH. The methods for constructing single and multiple unit floating structures. These systems can help with a variety of issues that arise during the production of a pharmaceutical dose.
Clinical Signs and Pathogenesis of Trypanosomal Infection in Human and Animals
Authors: Ahmad Rufa’i Fatihu , Ibrahim Zakari Abdullahi , Umar Atikat , Shuaibu Musayyiba , Alhaji Sani Ali
Published: March 2022

Trypanosomiasis is a chronic disease which affects both human and  animals with high morbidity rate within months after exposure, particularly when poor nutrition or other factors contribute to debilitation. The disease has been a major threat to Human and public health concern and also has contributed negatively to food security in Nigeria.  Trypanosomes are haemoflagellated parasites that  suppress  the host immune system through antigenic variation causing   serious illness in man and direct losses in meat production and milk yield in animals leading to severe pathogenesis that result to death . The clinical signs of trypanosomisis have been reported as unnoticed, chronic and acute which can easily lead to death, while the pathogenesis are severe and diverse. A vast majority of human and ruminant animal such as cattle, sheep and goats can be infected without clinical signs.  In this paper, we documented  some of the major pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis that are leading cause of death and they  includes Aneamia, Immunodepression, Immunosuppression, Myocarditis, oedema, loss of conditions, coma as well as  infection of various organs and tissues.  The paper recommend that further work  on pathogenic mechanisms of trypanosomiasis  need to be carried out so as to notice the exact clinical sign of the disease which will help towards controlling the disease.
Nutrition, Lifestyle & Immunity: Maintaining Optimal Immune Function & Boost Our Immunity
Authors: Patil Ankita P. , Patil Tejaswini M. , Shinde Asavari R , Vakhariya Rohan R , Mohite S. K , Magdum C. S.
Published: March 2022

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, people are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of good hygiene, healthy food for ensuring optimal immune function to keep viral/ other infections (communicable diseases) at bay. Immunity is the ability of body to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. The immune system is very complex. It is made up of several types of cells and proteins that have different jobs to do in fighting against foreign invaders. There are two types of immunity, innate immunity, acquired immunity. There are many different ways to boost immune system which include foods, medicines, nutraceuticals, vitamins, supplements, minerals, vaccine etc. Immunity is affected by different factors including age, gender, sleep cycle, stress, foods, exercise, genetic factors etc. Women have stronger immune response than men and hence they are more susceptible to autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, IBD. Some environmental factors are also affecting the immunity. Person with weak immune system is more susceptible to various infections leads to various disorders.
Microsphere Overview
Authors: Sah Shiv Kumar , Vasia Mrs. , Yadav Rajkumar Prasad , Patel Sunny , Sharma Mukesh
Published: March 2022

The aim of developing continuous or managed delivery mechanisms has always been to minimise dosage duration, resulting in improved patient compliance and less side effects. Microspheres have been shown to minimise dosage, side effects, administration frequency, and the risk of dose dumping. As a result, patient compliance has improved.Targeted drug delivery mechanisms aim for a specific location in the body to maximise drug concentration in a specific tissue or organ, thus improving the drug's therapeutic effectiveness. Microspheres have promised targeted or managed drug distribution in the body for decades, and have shown to be superior to traditional drug delivery. The goal of this review different aspects of the microparticulate drug delivery system along with types of microspheres and methods of preparation and different applications as targeted or controlled drug delivery system.
THE Role of Chewable Tablets: An Overview
Authors: Bhatt Santosh Kumar , M Kedarnagalakshman , Sharma Mukesh
Published: March 2022

Chewable dosage forms for example tablets, delicate, pills, gums, chewable squares is long piece of drug specialist armamentarium. They are required to be break and bit in the middle of the teeth before administration. These tablets are given to the children who have difficulty in swallowing and to the adults who dislike swallowing. These tablets are intended to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth at a moderate rate either with or without actual chewing, characteristically chewable tablets have a smooth texture upon disintegration, are pleasant tasting and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste. Geriatric and pediatric patients and travelling patients who may not have ready access to water are most need of easy swallowing dosage forms like chewable tablets. The major formulation factors are flow, lubrication, disintegration, organoleptic properties, compressibility, compatibility and stability, which are common to regular (swallowed) and chewable tablets; however, organoleptic properties of the active drug substances are primary concern here. A formulator may use one or more approaches to arrive at a combination of formula and process that result in product with good organoleptic properties.
Oxidative Stress in Fish Cyprinus Carpio Caused By Oxytetracycline
Authors: M Sharma , P Daundkar , D Rani
Published: March 2022

Environment pollution is posing threat to humans and animals. Environmental pollution is caused by anthropogenic activities and is a major problem in many countries. The present study was investigated to find the oxidative stress induced by oxytetracycline in fish Cyprinus carpio. The acute exposure was given for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposure. The sublethal concentration decided was 80 mg/l. Under oxidative stress, parameters such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied and a significant reduction in the activity of GST, CAT and SOD was observed in the treated group as compared to control. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT is at 72 and 96 hours of exposure while, a significant decline trend after 24 hours of exposure in GST activity was observed. Acute exposure of OTC enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and inhibited antioxidant capacities in the fish. Based on the results it is evident that oxytetracycline is causing oxidative stress in fish. It is also demonstrated that oxidative stress biomarker may play important in biomonitoring assessment protocol.
Evaluation of the Larvicidal Activities of the Crude Root Extracts of Ixora Coccinea L (Rubiaceae) on Aedes Aegypti Larvae
Authors: Lambert Okwubie , Sophia Ajogwu Amarachi
Published: March 2022

In this study, the larvicidal activity of the crude root extract of Ixora coccinea was carried out. 400g of the plant material each was dried pulverized and extracted with sufficient quantity of water, methanol and acetone separately. The extracts were dried, and used for larvicidal assay. The assay was carried out according WHO, 2005 guideline on larvicidal assay with some modifications. The activity was evaluated using six different concentrations of 0.5,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5mg/ml in volume of 100ml of water. it was run in triplicate with control for each concentration. 20 healthy larvae of 3rd instarwas used for each of the triplicate and the control. The activity was monitored every 24 hours for 3 days. The number of death after every 24 hours was observed and recorded. The percentage mortality and the LC50 were calculated. Examination of the results showed that the acetone extract gave the highest mortality after 72 hours with 100% mortality and LC50 of 0.8mg/ml. The methanol extract gave 51.7%mortality with the highest concentration of 5mg/ml used and LC50 of 4.95mg/ml after 72 hours, while the aqueous extract gave 0%activity with the 5mg/ml highest concentration use after 72 hours. The result of this study showed that the acetone root extract of Ixora coccineacould further be worked on to isolated the active principle(s) with the larvicidal activity.
Techniques for Dissolution and Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
Authors: Sharma Deepak Chandra , Gharge Vikram , Tyagi Prabhat
Published: March 2022

Solubility, the phenomenon of dissolution of solute in solvent to give a homogenous system, is one of the important parameters to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for desired pharmacological response. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. A success of formulation development depends on how efficiently it makes the drug available at the site of action. Poorly soluble and dissolution profile creates problem in pharmaceutical industry for development of dosage form. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficiency and/or reducing side effects (Adverse drug reaction) for drugs. This is true for parenterally, topically and orally administered solutions. Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) highlights the dissolution as rate limiting step for oral absorption of BCS class II and class IVdrugs. BCS class II and class IV drugs have low solubility.Increasing dissolution directly correlated to bioavailability of drug at site of action or systemic circulation. In this article we discuss, concept of dissolution, factors affecting dissolution,different techniques used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which include physical and chemical modifications of drug and other methods like particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt formation, solid dispersion, use of surfactant, complexation with hydrophilic excipients.
Method Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Studies For the Determination of Moxifloxacin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using UV Spectroscopy
Authors: Aruna E. , Sri K. Bhavya , Sumakanth M.
Published: March 2022

The objective of this work was to develop and validate spectrophotometric method for moxifloxacin for analysis. A very simple, unique, novel, reliable and easy method of spectrophotometric estimation in UV-region has been developed for the assay of moxifloxacin tablet formulation and also to perform forced degradation studies.

Method: water was used as diluents to perform all the validation parameters and stress studies.

Results: ICH guidelines were adopted during the method development and the method was validated statistically by calculating RSD and %RSD. The drug obeys Beer’s lamberts law at 1-10 mcg/ml concentration. Accuracy, Linearity, precision and robustness LOD at 3.3 ppb levels, LOQ at 11.2 ppb levels was performed. % of drug Degradations at different parameters were determined.

Conclusion: - This method can be used for the routine laboratory analysis and can extend the studies to chromatographic techniques.
Acute Toxicity Study and Anti-Nociceptive Activity of Ethanol Extract of Aesculus Indica Seeds on Experimental Animal Models
Authors: More Priyanka R , Velhal Atish B , Chaware Vitthal J , K. Redasani Vivek Kumar
Published: March 2022

Aesculus indica, widely known as the horse chestnut tree, has long been used as antiangiogenic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral and antifungal. Ttraditionally it has been used as medicine for the treatment of skin diseases, rheumatism and different pain conditions. The current study was undertaken to investigate possible effects of ethanol extract of seeds of plant in experimentally produced pain in animals because there were no scientific publications on the use of Aesculus indica seeds for anti-nociceptive activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, Saponins, and phenolic substances in the extract. The OECD guideline 423 was followed for acute toxicity testing.At a dose of 2000 mg/kg, the extract was confirmed to be safe. The anti-nociceptive effect of three distinct dose levels of extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) was tested in Swiss albino mice using a hot plate, tail immersion test, and acetic acid induced writhing. Extract had strong anti-nociceptive efficacy (P < 0.001) in a hot plate test. The extract significantly increased the tail withdrawal reaction in the tail immersion test (P < 0.001).The extract considerably reduced the number of writhes in the acetic acid writhing test (P < 0.001). The findings indicate that the extract has substantial anti-nociceptive effect.
Evaluationof Antidiabetic Potential of Eucalyptus Globulus Plant Extract in Dexamethasone-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kamble Ujwala B , Chaware V. J. , Redasani V. K.
Published: March 2022

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Bir Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinde Stajyer Öğrenciler, Uzmanlık Öğrencileri ve Öğretim Üyelerinin COVID-19 Pandemisine Yönelik Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Analitik Araştırma
Authors: TEMEL Uğur Burak , NURLU TEMEL Esra
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Etkili aşıların bulunmuş olmasına rağmen, COVID-19 pandemisinin yayılmasını engelleyen en etkili yöntem olarak kabul edilen enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri, güncelliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinde stajyer öğrenci, uzmanlık öğrencisi ve öğretim üyelerinin COVID-19’a karşı alınması gereken enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin değerlendirilmesidir. Materyal-metot: Çalışmada, COVID-19’a karşı alınması gereken enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri ile ilgili bilgi düzeyini değerlendiren 20 soruluk bir anket, stajyer öğrenci, uzmanlık öğrencisi ve öğretim üyelerinden oluşan 234 kişiye Mayıs 2021’de uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatiksel yöntemler ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Gönüllülerin COVID-19 enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi puan ortalamaları ise 46 puan üzerinden, 30,79±5,60 olarak tespit edildi. Öğretim üyelerinin COVID-19 enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi puanları, 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencileri ve uzmanlık öğrencilerine göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Uzmanlık öğrencileri ile 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencileri arasında ise toplam puan açısından anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmedi (p>0,05).Sonuç: Diş hekimlerinin enfeksiyon kontrol yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri belirli aralıklarla değerlendirilmeli, eksilikler eğitim seminerleri ile giderilmelidir.
Comparative Analysis of Methods for Calculating Radiant Heating of Young Animals in Livestock Premises
Authors: Kuz’michev A. V. , Tikhomirov D. А. , Khimenko A. V.
Published: March 2022

The effectiveness of engineering systems at livestock enterprises is shown to be determined by the possibility of creating the required conditions where young animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of their habitat. (Research purpose) The research aims to evaluate and choose a rational method for calculating radiant heat transfer in a system of surfaces with an arbitrary configuration that reflect the state of a biological object in a livestock room and the distribution of heat flows in the areas where young animals are located. (Materials and methods) The authors considered the conditions of a comfortable thermal regime for young animals and a physical model of animal heat transfer with the environment. The use of various methods for calculating heat transfer helped to determine the areas of change in the radiation panel temperature and the influence of the configuration and the system shell optical characteristics when creating comfortable conditions for keeping piglets. (Results and discussion) It was established that the computational model of heat transfer in a system of isothermal diffusely absorbing and radiating surfaces can be considered as an extension of existing computational methods. The model takes into account additional impact factors, including the influence of "hidden" surfaces through multiple reflections in a closed thermodynamic system. There is consistency between the results of heat transfer calculations by various methods, under the assumption that the system shell optical parameters are close to the characteristics of absolutely black body. (Conclusions) It was revealed that the system shell optical characteristics have a significant impact on the temperature regime of the irradiation panel surface, and the proposed computational model for determining the heated panel temperature regime in a system of isothermal diffusely absorbing and radiating surfaces can be applied to a wide range of agricultural premises of various configurations and geometries.
A Mathematical Model for Determining the Specific Structural Weight of a Tillage Implement
Authors: Derepaskın A. I. , Kuvaev А. N. , Tokarev I. V.
Published: March 2022

The authors have shown that the tillage specific constructive weight affects the working width and penetration ability. In order to increase the working width of the tillage implement, and therefore its performance and economic efficiency as well as its penetration ability, it is preferable to minimize the value of this indicator. It is taken into account that the implement specific structural weight will depend on the actual number of working tools and frame elements per unit of the working width. (Research purpose) The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model to determine the minimum allowable and actual specific structural weight depending on the tillage implement operating conditions and its structural design and technological scheme. (Materials and methods) The research methodology is based on mathematical modeling, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and principles of classical mechanics. (Results and discussion) The proposed mathematical model for determining the minimum allowable and actual specific structural weight was developed. The model takes into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the cultivated soil, the number of working bodies and frame elements per unit of the tillage implement working width. It was found out that an increase in the working width makes it possible to reduce the implement actual specific structural weight, all other things being equal. It was proposed to use the mathematical model for designing tillage tools, carrying out force calculations and comparative assessment of metal consumption, depending on the installation and location of working bodies with different working widths. (Conclusions) It was found out that with the soil ultimate compressive strength of 100,000 pascal, the implement minimum allowable structural weight should be 334 kilograms per meter to ensure the tillage tool penetration to a given depth. Under the considered conditions, the implement actual specific structural weight will have a minimum value at the working width of 0.7 and 0.8 meters – 375 kilograms per meter and 335 kilograms per meter, respectively.
Identifying Performance Assessment Indicators for Agricultural Small-scale Machinery
Authors: Toshboltaev М. T. , Muradova Z. O.
Published: March 2022

The use of small-scale machinery proves to be common for agricultural, transportation and other types of work on small-scale farms, peasant farms, family gardens, farmsteads, on hilly lands and inconvenient areas, where the use of traditional powerful machinery is impossible or economically impractical. Small-scale machinery as well as powerful agricultural machinery rarely passes state tests. One of the main reasons for that is a lack of indicator systems for agrotechnical, operational and technological, reliability, economic and ergonomic assessment. The necessity of determining such systems (sets, criteria, indicators) is argued to be important. (Research purpose) The research aims to identify performance assessment indicators for agricultural small-scale machinery by capitalizing on the existing indicators for powerful machines and hands-on experience of exploiting mini-machinery in small farms of Uzbekistan. (Materials and methods) The primary materials are the performance indicators for the agricultural machinery, provided by the existing state and industry standards. The study uses the methods of system analysis, logical thinking, monographic observation and set theory. (Results and discussion) As a result of ranking, several performance indicator systems were selected for the agrotechnical, operational-technological, reliability, economic and ergonomic assessment of small-scale machinery. (Conclusions) It was found out that for the general assessment of the structure parameters, the quality of the technological process and the functionality of small-scale machinery prototypes, it is reasonable to use 26 main and 14 auxiliary indicators. At the same time, a reduction in material and labor resources is expected in the process of testing.
Working Tool for Precision Tillage
Authors: Starovoytov S. I. , Grin’ А. М.
Published: March 2022

It was shown that the soil formation turnover within the furrow is an important condition for precision tillage. The authors identified the possibility of creating a train of combined machines capable of preparing the soil for sowing or planting in one pass. It was noted that due to inertia forces, the cylindrical plow body is able to hold a layer with and without turf. The preliminary tests of this working body revealed some barriers to the unhindered passage of the soil layer. It was assumed that it is possible to increase the technological reliability of the plow body by placing a wing on the guide board, which operation will create an additional twisting effect. (Research purpose) To substantiate the length of the plow body wing and its angle to the bottom of the furrow. (Materials and methods) Based on the laws of theoretical mechanics, a differential equation for the soil layer segment rotation was obtained, where the soil, as a tillage object, is presented by the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, sliding friction, and density. (Results and discussion) It was determined that the value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient and sliding friction depend on the absolute moisture content of the formation being treated. The main criteria influencing the soil formation turnover included the absolute soil moisture content, the plow body speed, the dump wing length, the angle of the wing installation, the thickness of the interacting boundary layer of the deformable section. As a result of the simulation, it was found out that the angle of the soil layer segment rotation predominantly depends on the plow body speed and the angle of the dump wing installation. (Conclusions) A 90-degree angle of the soil layer segment rotation can be achieved if the dump wing length is 0.1 meter, and the angle of its installation is 23 degrees.
Designing geometrical learning activities assisted with ICT media for supporting students’ higher order thinking skills
Authors: Meryansumayeka  , Zulkardi  , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Hiltrimartin Cecil
Published: March 2022

Students' mastery of geometry topics affects their ability to understand other mathematical topics. In addition, students are required to have higher-order thinking skills. Previous research shows that ICT media played an important role in improving students’ higher-order thinking skills. This study was carried out to produce a cuboid volume learning trajectory in ICT-assisted learning that can support students' higher-order thinking skills. This research employed validation design which consisted of three main stages, namely preliminary, experiment, and retrospective analysis. It was held during two main cycles. Sixty-four students of the eighth-grade in Palembang, Ogan Ilir, Manado, and West Papua were involved as research subjects. Data were collected through validation sheets, observations, interviews, and documents in the form of student worksheets. Then, the data were analyzed qualitatively and described narratively. The learning design developed was able to help students use higher-order thinking skills where students analyzed, evaluated, and used their creativity in answering the problems given. The results of this study can inform the policy making for teachers in designing mathematics learning and for lecturers to carry out mentoring for teachers in designing mathematics learning based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and ICT media.
Depression prevalence in cancer patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Jahagirdar Rohan
Published: March 2022

Relevance. Depression has substantial effects on cancer patients quality of life. Estimates of its prevalence vary widely. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of depression in cancer patients. Materials and Methods . All cancer patients admitted at tertiary care Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundations Medical College Hospital (Dahod, Gujarat, India) between December 2015 to December 2016 were included in this study. All subjects gave informed consent to participate in the investigation and personal data processing. Depression in cancer patients was screened using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) questionnaire and administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for severity of depression. Results and Discussion. Out of 128 cancer patients screened, 44 (34 %) patients were identified to have depression using MINI. Among them mild to moderate depression was seen in 60.4 % depressed patients, and severe to very severe depression was present in 39.4 % patients. Further analysis showed that the marital status, monthly income and literacy had an impact on the level of depression. Conclusion . The psychological impact of cancer is considerable. The failure to detect and treat elevated levels of psychological distress might jeopardize the result of cancer therapies, decrease patients quality of life and increase health care cost. The lack of identifiable risk factors makes the task of diagnosing psychiatric conditions in cancer patients a difficult one. Early recognition of psychiatric distress for the identification of depression is an integral part in the comprehensive management of cancer patients.
Nursing process application in Nepal teaching hospital
Authors: Katel Kalpana
Published: March 2022

Relevance. Nursing process is a scientific method of organizing and providing nursing care. Due to imbalance of nurse patient ratio, application of nursing process in actual clinical setting is very limited which reduces the quality nursing care. Despite the importance of application of nursing process, there is no standard nursing process protocol available in the hospital where study was carried out. The governments set a standard nurse patient ratio in Nepal, UK and USA is 1:10, 1:8, and 1:5 respectively. However, global statistic has been revealed due to improper nurse patient ratio which cannot implement the nursing process for patient caring which are being for leading cause of mortality of patient in hospitals. Aim of the study. The study was conducted to assess the application of the nursing process among nurses working in teaching hospital. Additionally, this study explores the association between status of application of nursing process and selected variables. Materials and Methods. Based on a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A simple random sampling technique was applied for nurses working in tertiary hospital of Chitwan, Nepal. The data was collected using structured questionnaire among 182 nurses. The statistical analysis tool chi-square was used to find out the association and logistic bivariate to find out the odds ratio. Results and Discussion. The result indicates that only 23,1 % of nurses have moderate level of application of nursing process. Majority of nurses did not follow standard ways of nursing process. This study also explored the infl ncing variable for barriers related to nurses and profession. Age (p=0.001), professional qualification (p=0.001) and learning approach (p=0.022) were the significant influencing variable for barriers related to nurses whereas practical skill (p= 0.001), cooperation among nurses (p=0.008) and diffi in diagnosis characteristic (p=0.010) were the barrier related to profession. Conclusion. It was concluded that the majority of nurses working in teaching hospital of Nepal did not follow the standard ways of nursing process so that barriers for the application of nursing process are identifi The overall ratio of nurses to patients in the teaching hospital is 1:16, that is in the lower range than the standards set by the government. Therefore, special attention must be paid to adherence to a standardized nursing process protocol for quality medical care.
Saúde e transtorno mental no atleta de alto rendimento
Authors: Colagrai Alexandre Conttato , Barreira Júlia , Nascimento Fernanda Tartalha , Fernandes Paula Teixeira
Published: March 2022

Estudos sobre a saúde mental de atletas de alto rendimento vem crescendo internacionalmente, porém a produção nacional ainda é limitada. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo mapear a produção do conhecimento sobre saúde mental desses atletas, seguindo a diretriz PRISMA para revisões sistemáticas. Encontramos aumento no número de publicações nos últimos cinco anos, com predomínio de publicações por autores de países de língua inglesa (EUA, Inglaterra/Reino Unido e Austrália) focando principalmente nos transtornos mentais mais comuns (ansiedade, depressão, distúrbio de sono, uso de álcool). Verificamos que atletas de elite tem taxas similares ou mais elevadas de transtornos mentaisdo que a população em geral. O esporte coletivo de invasão e o esporte individual de marca aparecem como os mais pesquisados. Esse estudo avança com o debate sobre a saúde mental em atletas de alto rendimento e chama a atenção de pesquisadores, gestores e psicólogos brasileiros para essa temática.
Exploring beliefs about teaching sports
Authors: Backes Ana Flávia , Ramos Valmor , Costa Matheus da Lapa , Ristow Leonardo , Rosa Rodolfo Silva da , Barros Thaís Emanuelli da Silva de , Brasil Vinicius Zeilmann , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do
Published: March 2022

The study analyzed the change in beliefs of an undergraduate student about sports teaching during her initial training in Physical Education at a public university in southern Brazil. In this qualitative, descriptive, and interpretive longitudinal study, the unique case of an undergraduate student was investigated, based on semi-structured interview procedures, systematic observation, memory stimulation and Content analysis technique. The results revealed that throughout her initial training, the undergraduate student changed her beliefs related to the purposes, strategies, and organization of content through different processes of conceptual change. This evidence shows that professional learning, comprehensive from the perspective of conceptual change, is an active, long, slow, and gradual process that involves a continuous revision of beliefs.
MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK MELALUI TARIAN TRADISIONAL PADA KELOMPOK B
Authors: Susanti Aan , Jumiatin Dedah
Published: March 2022

The intelligence that is important and must be possessed in early childhood is kinesthetic intelligence or it can also be called gross motor skills, there are many ways to stimulate children's kinesthetic intelligence, namely playing soccer, playing basketball, running, catching the ball, climbing in the area. play and dance. Stimulation of the kinesthetic intelligence of early childhood can be done by dancing is very important to support children's intelligence which is not only academic intelligence needed by early childhood students. However, at RA AL-IKHLAS II Cisarua there are some children whose kinesthetic intelligence abilities are still below the average because at the school they are still very monotonous in their stimulus activities. The teacher only prioritizes academic intelligence compared to other intelligences that might make the child smarter in the future with the skills possessed such as being a professional dancer. The teacher only gave writing and reading assignments to the children at RA AL-IKHLAS II, so the research was carried out with traditional dance activities using the classroom action research method. The research subjects were children aged 4-5 years at RA Al-Ikhlas II Cisarua. This research technique is observation with qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 92% of children's intelligence abilities increased after the stimulus for dancing traditional dances was done.Kecerdasan yang penting dan harus dimiliki dalam diri anak usia dini salah satunya yaitu kecerdasan kinestetik atau bisa disebut juga dengan motorik kasar, banyak cara untuk menstimulus kecerdasan kinestetik anak yaitu bisa dengan bermain sepak bola, bermain bola basket, berlari, menangkap bola, memanjat di area bermain dan menari. Stimulasi kecerdasan kinestteik anak usia dini bisa dilakukan dengan menari sangatlah penting untuk mendukung kecerdasan anak yang memang bukan hanya kecerdasan akademik saja yang dibutuhkan oleh anak uisi dini. Tetapi, di RA AL-IKHLAS II Cisarua terdapat beberapa anak yang memang kemampuan kecerdasan kinestetiknya masih dibawah rata-rata itu dikarenakan di sekolah tersebut masih sangat monoton dalam kegiatan stimulusnya. Guru hanya mengedepankan kecerdasan akademik disbanding kecerdasan yang lain yang mungkin saja bisa menjadikan anak tersebut menjadi lebih cerdas dimasa depan dengan keahlian yang dimiliki seperti menjadi penari professional.Guru hanya memberikan tugas menulis dan membaca saja pada anak-anak di RA AL-IKHLAS II, sehingga penelitian dilakukan dengan kegiatan menari tarian tradisional dengan yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian Tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 4-5 tahun di RA Al-Ikhlas II Cisarua. Teknik penelitian ini adalah observasi dengan analisis data kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil 92% bahwa kemampuan kecerdasan anak meningkat setelah dilakukannya stimulus menari tarian tradisional.
IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MENGANYAM DARI BAHAN BEKAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI MASA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Alhayu Rofi , Jumiatin Dedah
Published: March 2022

Many ways can be used to increase children's creativity, one of which is by utilizing the use of used goods, so children will get used to being grateful and can use objects around them because objects that were previously unused or thrown away can be processed into goods. which is useful. Related to creativity, this study aims to describe the implementation of weaving activities from used materials to increase creativity in children aged 5-6 years in the online learning period. This research methodology uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation, and data analysis using data reduction, data display, and concluding with the research subjects being 11 children aged 5-6 years. Based on the results of research from data obtained during research at Kober Azzahra Cimahi, it was proven that the implementation of weaving activities from used materials to increase creativity in children aged 5-6 years during the online learning period at Kober Az Zahra Cimahi increased significantly on all indicators of children's creativity.Banyak cara yang bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak salah satunya yaitu dengan  memanfaatkan penggunaan barang bekas,  dengan begitu anak akan membiasakan diri untuk bersyukur dan dapat memanfaatkan benda-benda yang ada di sekitarnya, karena benda yang semula sudah tidak terpakai atau dibuang dapat diolah menjadi barang yang bermanfaat. Terkait dengan kreativitas maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kegiatan menganyam dari bahan bekas untuk meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di masa pembelajaran daring. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dan analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan dengan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun yang berjumlah 11 anak.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari data yang didapat selama penelitian di Kober Azzahra Cimahi terbukti bahwa implementasi kegiatan menganyam dari bahan bekas untuk meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di masa pembelajaran daringdi Kober Az Zahra Cimahi meningkat signifikan pada semua indikatorkreativitas anak.
STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA ANYAMAN DAUN PISANG PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B RA QURROTA A’YUN CISARUA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Tarliah Tarliah , Komala Komala
Published: March 2022

This research was motivated by the low fine motor skills at RA Qurrota A'yun Cisarua due to the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak. So that learning is carried out online and the stimulation of children's fine motor development is not paid attention to. This research was conducted to stimulate the fine motor skills of children in group B using banana leaf woven media through online learning, can it improve children's fine motor skills? The research method used is descriptive and the approach used is qualitative, data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique used is narrative. The subjects of this study were 5 children of group B RA Qurrota A'yun Cisarua consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys. The purpose of this study 1. Planning for stimulation of fine motor skills 2. Children's responses 3. Difficulties experienced by children 4. Obstacles faced by teachers when implementing stimulation activities. The results of this study were that the planning of fine motor stimulation went well, the child responded well, the child had no difficulty nor did he ask his parents for help to do his work, and there were 8 obstacles experienced by the teacher, one of which was a bad internet connection. So the researchers can conclude that the use of banana leaf media to stimulate children's fine motor skills through weaving activities worked well.Latar belakang penelitian adalah rendahnya kemampuan motorik halus di RA Qurrota A’yun Cisarua akibat dampak adanya wabah Covid-19. Sehingga pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring dan stimulasi perkembangan motorik halus anak kurang diperhatikan. Penelitian ini untuk stimulasi  kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B menggunakan media anyaman daun pisang melalui pembelajaran daring, apakah  dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak?. Metode penelitian  yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif dan pendekatan yang digunakan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah naratif. Subjek penelitian ini anak kelompok B RA Qurrota A’yun Cisarua berjumlah 5 orang  terdiri dari 2 orang anak perempuan dan 3 orang anak laki-laki. Tujuan  penelitian ini  1. Perencanaan stimulasi kemampuan motorik halus  2. Respon anak 3. Kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami anak  4. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru saat mengimplementasikan kegiatan stimulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perencanaan stimulasi motorik halus berjalan baik, anak merespon dengan baik, anak sudah tidak mengalami kesulitan juga tidak meminta bantuan orang tuanya untuk mengerjakan tugasnya, dan ada 8 kendala yang dialami guru salah satunya koneksi internet yang buruk. Maka dapat peneliti simpulkan bahwa  pemanfaatan media daun pisang untuk menstimulasi kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan menganyam berhasil baik.
A Review of Global Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease, its Economic Impact, and Control Strategies
Authors: Jyoti Sumit , Subedi Deepak , Karki Surendra , Nepal Rojina , Gautam Anil , Kaphle Krishna
Published: March 2022

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging viral disease, particularly of
cattle and water buffalo. The disease is caused by lumpy skin disease
virus (LSDV), a member of the genus Capripoxvirus of family Poxviridae
which is manifested by characteristic skin nodules, pyrexia,
lachrymation, nasal discharge, and swelling of superficial lymph nodes.
Lumpy skin disease causes huge economic losses to the livestock farmers
due to significant milk loss, damage of the hides, and reproductive
problems such as abortion and infertility in affected animals.
Initially, LSD was confined to Africa but later spread to Asia and
Europe, particularly after 2012. This article describes the spatial and
temporal patterns of LSD outbreaks that occurred from
2005-Mid-September, 2020 using the publicly available outbreak data from
the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) of the World
Organization for Animal Health (OIE). There were 3118 LSD outbreaks
reported in the last 15 years with 2265 (72.6%) from Europe, 462 from
Asia (14.8%), and 391(12.5%) outbreaks from Africa. 3070 (98.46%) of
the total outbreaks during the study period occurred since 2012, with
the highest month-wise outbreaks observed in July (778) and seasonally
in the summer season (1873) which corresponds with the vector season.
Since 2012, around 3 (2.78) new countries per year are being affected by
LSD. The current situation of LSD spread demands for globally
coordinated efforts to control this transboundary disease. Effective
surveillance for early detection, vector control measures, vaccination,
and regulation of animal movement is necessary to curb down the further
spread of LSD.
The impact of ageing on the NHS
Authors: Cervoni Edoardo , Cervoni Francesca
Published: March 2022

The human body is, by definition, a “corpus”. This Latin term
emphasises the synergy and interdependence of each of its parts. There
is no scientific basis for estimating the number of specialists of
various types needed to meet the population’s needs of the type of
interventions that confer benefit. However, it is virtually certain that
the proper functioning of the filter could free up more time for
properly deployed specialists to provide services that would
significantly improve health and, above all, equity in health. 
Recognition of the importance of first contact function in Primary Care
as a filter and co-ordinator, should lead us to better clinical outcomes
for the most part. The government should recognise, protect, and
prioritise, the role of the Primary Care interface.