bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the role of knowledge in critical thinking—using student essay responses to bring empirical fuel to the debate between ‘generalists’ and ‘specifists’
Authors: Larsson Kristoffer
Published: March 2021

To develop students’ critical thinking is one of the primary goals of a modern democratic school system. However, what is to be developed has been the matter of long-standing debate. One particular area of conflict has been what role is played by the knowledge concerning the object to be critically thought about. The ‘specifists’ have asserted that knowledge about the object is the core. The ‘generalists’ have claimed that there is no need for any actual profound knowledge. Typically, this debate has been held at a theoretical and philosophical level. In this paper, I will make an empirically based contribution to the debate. In a unique approach, I will use a number of student essay responses to argue in favour of a specifist view, and at the same time to question some of the generalists’ basic assumptions. The paper ends with an appeal to the generalists to provide us with proper clarification regarding the questions I raise. This is important as they hold the dominant position in the field. If they are to continue to do so, we need to be clear about the accuracy of their basic assumptions. This becomes even more essential as the generalist research has been severely criticised for producing inconclusive results, as well as the fact that the generalist view on critical thinking has been adopted by major policymakers both in Europe and the United States.
Uncaptured rates of postpartum venous thromboembolism: a US national analysis
Authors: Cioci A , Kedar W , Urrechaga E , Gold J , Parreco JP , Coll AS , Curry CL , Rattan R
Published: March 2021

Objective

To quantify the proportion of postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) readmissions, including those that occur at different hospitals from index admission, and describe risk factors for this outcome.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

US hospitals included in the Nationwide Readmissions Database.

Sample

A total of 3 719 238 patients >14 years of age with a delivery‐associated hospitalisation in 2014.

Methods

Univariate analysis was performed to identify patient and hospital factors associated with readmissions. Significant factors were included in multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Results were weighted for national estimates.

Main outcome measures

Readmission with VTE to both index and different hospitals at 30, 60 and 90 days.

Results

The VTE cumulative readmission rate was 0.053% (n = 1477), 0.063% (n = 1765) and 0.069% (n = 1938) at 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively. Patients were readmitted to different hospitals 31% of the time within 90 days. Risk factors for different hospital VTE readmission were unique and included younger age and initial admission to a small/medium‐sized hospital. Initial admission to a for‐profit hospital increased the likelihood of readmission to a different hospital.

Conclusions

Nearly one in three postpartum VTEs are missed by the current quality metrics, with significant implications for outcomes and quality. For‐profit hospitals have a significant portion of their VTE readmissions hidden, falsely lowering their readmission rates relative to public hospitals.

Tweetable abstract

US analysis shows 1 in 3 readmissions for postpartum venous thromboembolism currently missed.
‘Pinkwashing’ the radical‐right: Gender and the mainstreaming of radical‐right policies and actions
Authors: BEN‐SHITRIT LIHI , ELAD‐STRENGER JULIA , HIRSCH‐HOEFLER SIVAN
Published: March 2021

Across the globe, women are increasingly more visible as leaders and activists in radical‐right parties and movements. Does women's visibility in radical‐right politics, both institutionalized and non‐institutionalized, affect public acceptance of radical‐right agendas? The present paper proposes a ‘radical‐right gender mainstreaming model’, arguing that women in radical‐right politics are perceived by the general public through a prism of feminine gender stereotypes, which counteract radical‐right parties’ and movements’ masculine stereotypes, thus ‘softening’ their image and making them more acceptable to the general public. Across four experimental studies conducted in the Israeli context, we find strong evidence that women's visibility as radical‐right parliamentary representatives (Studies 1a and 1b) and as radical‐right political activists (Studies 2a and 2b) increases acceptance of and support for these parties’ and movements’ agenda, particularly among women. We further demonstrate that these effects are mediated by the attribution of feminine stereotypes (warmth) to women versus men political actors. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Infrequent use of nighttime dialysis for emergency admission due to worsening heart failure in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Konishi Masaaki , Kitai Takeshi , Tsujisaka Yuta , Kawase Yuichi , Shimada Noriaki , Tamura Kouichi , Kimura Kazuo , Ohya Yusuke
Published: March 2021

In the emergency admission due to worsening heart failure (HF) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, emergent dialysis may be indicated, which increases personnel expenses. To clarify the characteristics and in‐hospital management of the patients, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study including 142 patients on maintenance hemodialysis emergently admitted for worsening HF (71.6 ± 9.2 years, 69.0% male, 44.4% HF with preserved [≥50%] ejection fraction). The interval between last hemodialysis and admission was long (median 55 h), suggesting that fluid accumulation triggered HF events. Although most patients (73.9%) were admitted in the nighttime (5 p.m. to 9 a.m.), only 17.9% of them needed nighttime dialysis and were managed medically until the first in‐hospital dialysis, with the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in 45.1% and oxygen supplementation in 95.8%. While patients on hemodialysis with worsening HF were frequently admitted in the nighttime, nighttime dialysis was indicated in a limited population.
A network algorithm for the X chromosomal exact test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with multiple alleles
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Ortoleva Leonardo
Published: March 2021

Statistical methodology for testing the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has recently experienced considerable development. Up to a few years ago, testing X chromosomal variants for equilibrium was basically done by applying autosomal test procedures to females only. At present, male alleles can be taken into account in asymptotic and exact test procedures for both the bi‐ and multiallelic case. However, current X chromosomal exact procedures for multiple alleles rely on a classical full enumeration algorithm and are computationally expensive, and in practice not feasible for more than three alleles. In this article, we extend the autosomal network algorithm for exact Hardy–Weinberg testing with multiple alleles to the X chromosome, achieving considerable reduction in computation times for multiallelic variants with up to five alleles. The performance of the X chromosomal network algorithm is assessed in a simulation study. Beyond four alleles, a permutation test is, in general, the more feasible approach. A detailed description of the algorithm is given, and examples of X chromosomal indels and microsatellites are discussed.
A missense mutation in the FZD7 gene is associated with dilution of the red areas of the coat in Montbéliarde cattle
Authors: Floriot S. , Duchesne A. , Grohs C. , Hozé C. , Deloche M.C. , Fayolle G. , Vilotte J.L. , Boichard D. , Fritz S. , Boussaha M.
Published: March 2021

Recently, a new genetically autosomal recessive color phenotype emerged in the red pied bovine Montbéliarde breed. It is characterized by a dilution of the red areas of the coat and was denominated ‘milca’. A genome‐wide homozygosity scan of 106 cases followed by haplotype analysis revealed a candidate region within BTA2 between positions 89.95 and 91.63 Mb. Analysis of whole‐genome sequence data generated from milca animals identified a strong candidate variant within the coding region of the Frizzled‐7 gene (FZD7). This gene encodes for a G‐protein coupled receptor for Wnt signaling proteins. The variant induces a glycine to alanine substitution in the second extracellular loop, p.(Gly414Ala). Cross‐species amino acid alignments revealed that this glycine is conserved among orthologs and most paralogs, suggesting that it plays an important role in FZD function. In addition, genotyping data revealed that the mutant allele is restricted to the Montbéliarde breed, at a 3.7% frequency. All homozygous cows for the mutant allele exhibited the milca phenotype whereas all heterozygotes had no coat color defects. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that, in cattle, a mutation of FZD7 alone is sufficient to cause a coat color phenotype without any strong other adverse effect.
Adapting dialectical behavior therapy in Mandarin‐speaking Chinese patients with borderline personality disorder: An open pilot trial in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ting‐Hsin , Liu Shen‐Ing , Korslund Kathryn , Lin Chen‐Ju , Lin Ying , Huang Hui‐Chun , Chen Shu‐Chin , Chang Yi‐Hung , Sun Fang‐Ju , Wu Shu‐I
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is the most commonly used treatment for patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, data on its applications in Asian countries remain lacking. This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying Mandarin‐translated DBT among suicidal Chinese patients with BPD in Taiwan.

Methods

An open‐label trial design was implemented for the 1‐year standard DBT model. Patients from a psychiatric outpatient department in a general hospital in Taiwan with a history of ≥2 episodes of suicidal behavior within the previous year and who scored >40 on the Borderline Symptom List were invited to participate in this trial. Outcomes of suicidal behaviors, severity of BPD and depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and quality of life were assessed at the beginning of the treatment and every 3 months until 12 months.

Results

Eighteen patients participated, three of whom (16.7%) dropped out. Significant improvements were found in the frequency and severity of suicidal behaviors and ideations, depressive symptoms, and BPD symptoms beginning as early as the third month after initiating DBT.

Discussion

This pilot study found that DBT may be an effective and feasible intervention for Mandarin‐speaking individuals with a recent history of suicidal behaviors with BPD. Future randomized controlled trials with comparison groups are needed to further determine the efficacy of DBT on this population.
Cox regression model under dependent truncation
Authors: Rennert Lior , Xie Sharon X.
Published: March 2021

Truncation is a statistical phenomenon that occurs in many time‐to‐event studies. For example, autopsy‐confirmed studies of neurodegenerative diseases are subject to an inherent left and right truncation, also known as double truncation. When the goal is to study the effect of risk factors on survival, the standard Cox regression model cannot be used when the survival time is subject to truncation. Existing methods that adjust for both left and right truncation in the Cox regression model require independence between the survival times and truncation times, which may not be a reasonable assumption in practice. We propose an expectation‐maximization algorithm to relax the independence assumption in the Cox regression model under left, right, or double truncation to an assumption of conditional independence on the observed covariates. The resulting regression coefficient estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. We demonstrate through extensive simulations that the proposed estimator has little bias and has a similar or lower mean‐squared error compared to existing estimators. We implement our approach to assess the effect of occupation on survival in subjects with autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease.
Paediatric chronic myeloid leukaemia presenting in de novo or secondary blast phase ‐ a comparison of clinical and genetic characteristics
Authors: Sembill Stephanie , Göhring Gudrun , Schirmer Elke , Lutterloh Friederike , Suttorp Meinolf , Metzler Markus , Karow Axel
Published: March 2021

Additional data on blast phase (BP) chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in children and adolescents is essential for improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of this rare but serious condition. Here, we describe distinct clinical and genetic characteristics of 18 paediatric patients with de novo (n = 10) and secondary (n = 8) BP CML enrolled in the CML‐PAED‐II trial and registry. Our findings suggest that paediatric patients exhibit a diverse cytogenetic profile compared to adults with BP CML. In addition, patients with de novo BP CML in this cohort presented at a younger age, whereas patients with secondary BP CML more often harboured complex karyotypes.
Online Psychotherapy: Transference and Countertransference Issues
Authors: Sayers Janet
Published: March 2021

This paper arises from the shift, following the start of the 23 March 2020 lockdown in Britain, from clinic‐based to online psychotherapy within National Health Service (NHS) psychological treatment services. The paper draws on previously published observations about privately funded online psychotherapy. It also provides a snapshot of my own and my clinical psychology colleagues’ experience of providing clinic‐based and online NHS‐funded psychotherapy before and soon after the March 2020 lockdown began. I use these impressionistic data to illustrate transference and countertransference issues involved in online psychotherapy. In addition, I note problems relating to its setting or frame, and ways in which this form of treatment can obstruct empathic mirroring and the patient's experience of being contained. I conclude by noting limitations of this study based as it was on the immediate reaction of myself and my colleagues to the transition from providing clinic‐based to online psychotherapy, not on interviews with patients about their experience of this transition nor on any measure of the relative effectiveness of online compared with clinic‐based psychotherapy.
Understanding host utilization by mosquitoes: determinants, challenges and future directions
Authors: Yan Jiayue , Gangoso Laura , Ruiz Santiago , Soriguer Ramón , Figuerola Jordi , Martínez‐de la Puente Josué
Published: March 2021

Mosquito host utilization is a key factor in the transmission of vector‐borne pathogens given that it greatly influences host–vector contact rates. Blood‐feeding patterns of mosquitoes are not random, as some mosquitoes feed on particular species and/or individuals more than expected by chance. Mosquitoes use a number of cues including visual, olfactory, acoustic, and thermal stimuli emitted by vertebrate hosts to locate and identify their blood meal sources. Thus, differences in the quality/intensity of the released cues may drive host selection by mosquitoes at both inter‐ and intra‐specific levels. Such patterns of host selection by mosquitoes in space and time can be structured by factors related to mosquitoes (e.g. innate host preference, behavioural plasticity), to hosts (e.g. emission of host‐seeking cues, host availability) or to both (e.g. pathogen infection). In this study, we review current evidence, from phenomena to mechanisms, of how these factors influence host utilization by mosquitoes. We also review the methodologies commonly used in this research field and identify the major challenges for future studies. To bridge the knowledge gaps, we propose improvements to strengthen traditional approaches and the use of a functional trait‐based approach to infer mosquito host utilization in natural communities.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of milademetan, a MDM2 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with solid tumors: A phase I study
Authors: Takahashi Shunji , Fujiwara Yutaka , Nakano Kenji , Shimizu Toshio , Tomomatsu Junichi , Koyama Takafumi , Ogura Mariko , Tachibana Masaya , Kakurai Yasuyuki , Yamashita Tomonari , Sakajiri Sakura , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: March 2021

Milademetan (DS‐3032, RAIN‐32) is an orally available mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity owing to increase in p53 activity through interruption of the MDM2‐p53 interaction. This phase I, dose‐escalating study assessed the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of milademetan in 18 Japanese patients with solid tumors who relapsed after or were refractory to standard therapy. Patients aged ≥ 20 years received oral milademetan once daily (60 mg, n = 3; 90 mg, n = 11; or 120 mg, n = 4) on days 1 to 21 in a 28‐day cycle. Dose‐limiting toxicities, safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and recommended dose for phase II were determined. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events included nausea (72.2%), decreased appetite (61.1%), platelet count decreased (61.1%), white blood cell count decreased (50.0%), fatigue (50.0%), and anemia (50.0%). Dose‐limiting toxicities (three events of platelet count decreased and one nausea) were observed in the 120‐mg cohort. The plasma concentrations of milademetan increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Stable disease was observed in seven out of 16 patients (43.8%). Milademetan was well tolerated and showed modest antitumor activity in Japanese patients with solid tumors. The recommended dose for phase II was considered to be 90 mg in the once‐daily 21/28‐day schedule. Future studies would be needed to further evaluate the potential safety, tolerability, and clinical activity of milademetan in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. The trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.jp: JapicCTI‐142693.
OTUB1 facilitates bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Hui , Li Chao , Ren Jian‐Wei , Liu Lian , Du Xue‐Hua , Gao Jie , Liu Tao , Li Shang‐Ze
Published: March 2021

The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in carcinogenesis, but the functional role and mechanism of UPR‐associated bladder carcinogenesis remain to be characterized. Upon UPR activation, ATF6α is activated to upregulate the transcription of UPR target genes. Although the mechanism of ATF6 activation has been studied extensively, the negative regulation of ATF6 stabilization is not well understood. Here, we report that the deubiquitinase otubain 1 (OTUB1) facilitates bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. OTUB1 expression is raised in bladder cancer patients. Genetic ablation of OTUB1 markedly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, viability, and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase pathway screening showed that ATF6 signaling was clearly activated compared with other pathways. OTUB1 was found to activate ATF6 signaling by inhibiting its ubiquitylation, thereby remodeling the stressed cells through transcriptional regulation. Our results show that high OTUB1 expression promotes bladder cancer progression by stabilizing ATF6 and that OTUB1 is a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Anticipation to Social and Nonsocial Dynamic Cues in Preschool‐Age Children
Authors: Engle Jae , Baker‐Harvey Hazel , Nguyen Hieu‐Kevin , Carney Hunter , Stavropoulos Katherine , Carver Leslie J.
Published: March 2021

The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3‐ to 4‐year‐olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward‐related stimuli was measured via the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN). To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure an SPN in children younger than age 6. Our findings reveal distinct anticipatory neural signatures for social versus nonsocial stimuli, consistent with previous research in older children. This study suggests an SPN can be elicited in preschoolers and is larger for social than nonsocial stimuli.
Short communication: Cemented implant reconstructions are associated with less marginal bone loss than screw‐retained reconstructions at 3 and 5 years of loading
Authors: Strauss Franz‐Josef , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To analyse whether there is a difference in marginal bone levels (MBL) and the respective changes between cemented and screw‐retained reconstructions at 3 and 5 years of loading.

Methods

Radiographic data from 14 prospective multicentre clinical trials following implant loading with fixed cemented (CEM) or screw‐retained (SCREW) reconstructions with a 3‐ to 5‐year follow‐up were retrieved from a database. MBL and MBL changes were assessed at initiation of implant loading (BL), at 3 (FU‐3) and 5 years (FU‐5) thereafter. The presence of peri‐implantitis was also determined.

Results

Data from 1,672 implants at BL, 1,565 implants at FU‐3 and 1,109 implants at FU‐5 were available. The mean MBL amounted to 0.57 mm (SD 0.87) at BL, 0.55 mm (SD 0.86) at FU‐3 and 0.65 mm (SD 1.18) at FU‐5. At FU‐3, the mean MBL was 0.44 mm (SD 0.65) in group CEM and 0.63 mm (SD 0.99) in group SCREW showing a significant difference between the groups (intergroup <0.05). At FU‐5, the mean MBL was 0.42 mm (SD 0.77) in CEM and 0.80 mm (SD 1.37) in SCREW, again with significant differences between both groups (p < .05). MBL changes between BL and FU‐3 amounted to 0.11 mm (SD 1.02) (bone loss) in SCREW and −0.17 mm (SD 1.03) (bone gain) in CEM. Similarly, mean MBL changes from BL to FU‐5 amounted to 0.23 mm (SD 1.31) (bone loss) in SCREW and −0.26 mm (SD 1.27) (bone gain) in CEM. The prevalence of peri‐implantitis amounted to 6.9% in CEM and 5.6% in group SCREW (intergroup p = .29063) at FU‐3. At FU‐5, peri‐implantitis amounted to 4.6% in CEM and 6.2% in group SCREW (intergroup p = .28242).

Conclusion

Cemented implant reconstructions compared with screw‐retained reconstructions revealed higher marginal bone levels and similar rates of peri‐implantitis during 5 years. The difference in MBL and the respective changes between the two groups, however, appear to be clinically negligible.
Bariatric surgery in the treatment of patients with obesity and type 1 diabetes: A retrospective study of clinical data
Authors: Mohammed Nagi , Buckley Adam , Elsheikh Mohgah , Allum Matthew , Suliman Sara , Al Hadad Mohammed , le Roux Carel W , Lessan Nader , Suliman Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bariatric surgery in patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes and obesity who choose to undergo bariatric surgery for weight management.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal review of the clinical data of patients with type 1 diabetes, followed up at our centre after bariatric surgery had been performed elsewhere.

Results

Sixty‐one patients were included, of whom 51% were women, and 57 (93%) were Emirati Arab, three (5%) were other Arab, and one (2%) was White in ethnic origin. The mean age at surgery was 31 years. A total of 42 patients (69%) underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 17 (28%) gastric bypass, and two (3%) gastric banding. In 48 patients with complete follow‐up data, improvements were observed at 12 months in the median (interquartile range [IQR]) values for body mass index (BMI; 38.5 [34.9‐40.9] to 26.1 [24.2‐29.6] kg/m2, P <0.001), glycated haemoglobin concentration (8.6 [7.8‐9.2]% to 7.8 [7.2‐8.5]%; P <0.001), daily insulin dose (1.0 [0.7‐1.2] to 0.8 [0.6‐0.9] units/kg/d; P <0.001), systolic blood pressure (127 [116‐136] to 116 [110‐120] mmHg; P <0.001), total cholesterol: high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (3.4 [2.9‐4.3] to 3.0 [2.6‐3.5]; P <0.001), and albuminuria. In 32 patients followed up at 3 years, the median (IQR) reduction in BMI was 10.4 (5.9‐11.7) kg/m2, 50% reduced or stopped antihypertensive medication and 58% reduced or stopped lipid‐modifying medication. Three patients each reported a single episode of diabetic ketoacidosis; in one case this was due to cessation of insulin treatment.

Conclusions

In our cohort of patients with obesity and type 1 diabetes, bariatric surgery led to significant improvements in weight and cardiometabolic variables, with modest improvements in glycaemia. Few adverse events were reported.
Randomized controlled study to examine the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with cisplatin before radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Oyama Atsushi , Nouso Kazuhiro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Morimoto Yuki , Nakamura Shinichiro , Onishi Hideki , Takaki Akinobu , Iwadou Shouta , Kariyama Kazuya , Kuwaki Kenji , Yabushita Kazuhisa , Sakaguchi Kosaku , Toshimori Jyunichi , Kobashi Haruhiko , Moriya Akio , Ando Masaharu , Okada Hiroyuki ,   Okayama Hepatocellular Carcinoma Study Group
Published: March 2021

Aim

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with cisplatin is beneficial to patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib. This study aimed to examine the effect of HAIC with cisplatin before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with HCC.

Methods

This was a multicenter, single‐blinded, randomized controlled study (UMIN000007267). Early‐stage HCC patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive HAIC with cisplatin before RFA therapy (HAIC group) or RFA monotherapy (non‐HAIC group). The primary end‐point was recurrence‐free survival. Efficacy analysis and safety analysis followed the intention‐to‐treat principle.

Results

Between August 2012 and July 2016, 74 patients were recruited. A total of 70 eligible patients were randomly assigned to the HAIC group (n = 35) and non‐HAIC group (n = 35). Recurrence‐free survival rates at 1 (3) year in the HAIC group and non‐HAIC group were 82.9% (54.3%) and 74.3% (34.3%), respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.597; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.320–1.091; p = 0.094]. Subgroup analysis showed that the beneficial effect of HAIC was observed in patients with a single nodule and Child–Pugh score 5. Intrahepatic distant recurrence‐free survival rate in the HAIC group was significantly better than that in the non‐HAIC group (HR, 0.468; 95% CI, 0.235–0.896; p = 0.022). Adverse events were observed in just two patients in the HAIC group (6%) – grade 2 cholecystitis and grade 2 hyperkalemia.

Conclusions

HAIC with cisplatin before RFA did not significantly decrease recurrence in patients with early‐stage HCC. However, it might be effective in preventing intrahepatic distant recurrence.
Negative emotions in consumer brand relationship: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Khatoon Sajira , Rehman Varisha
Published: March 2021

Emotions have a compelling and strong effect on individuals actions and behaviours. They are elicited in consumers during the decision‐making process through brand‐related stimuli. Negative emotions towards a brand can translate directly into actions against it, for instance, propagating negative word of mouth, avoidance and vengeance. Although scholars have conducted consumer–brand relationship (CBR) research for over 20 years, our understanding of negative emotions is still limited. Research in the consumer–brand relationship domain so far has predominantly focused on positive emotions and its constructs. However, with a recent surge in the studies on negative emotions in the consumer–brand relationship domain, a systematic review is essential to identify, evaluate and synthesize the extant literature. Using a citation‐based search, we analyse 55 articles in the literature to achieve three objectives: primarily to illustrate the evolution and growth of negative emotions in the consumer–brand relationship using the seminal article by Fournier (1998) ‘Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research’ as the base paper. Further, the study aims to identify uncharted negative emotions in consumer–brand relationship literature by integrating it with the hierarchical theory of emotions article and finally, it suggests future research in unexplored and underexplored negative emotions.
Theories and Theoria of the Atonement: A Proposal
Authors: Johnson Adam J.
Published: March 2021

This article traces the origins of language about ‘theories’ of the atonement in Friedrich Schleiermacher and F.C. Baur’s historicization of Protestant theology in Germany. It follows the growth and promulgation of this conceptualization as it spread to America and Great Britain in the later nineteenth century. This approach contributed to the growth and development of the doctrine and its history, while severely limiting it in important ways. I note four dangers implicit within uncritical use of ‘theory’ language in studies of the history of the doctrine of the atonement, and conclude by arguing that a more fitting approach lies in the ancient and medieval concept of theoria, or contemplation, which serves as the broader telos for appreciating the riches we have in the work of Christ, within which modest contemporary notions of theory can and should play a role.
Nursing interventions for perinatal bereavement care in neonatal intensive care units: A scoping review
Authors: Paraíso Pueyo Elena , González Alonso Ana Victoria , Botigué Teresa , Masot Olga , Escobar‐Bravo Miguel Ángel , Lavedán Santamaría Ana
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite technological advances and specialist training of neonatal teams, perinatal deaths still occur. Such events are traumatic experiences for the parents and increase the risk of pathological grieving. Nursing is one of the main sources of support. However, the important work of nurses in these situations is made more difficult by the lack of recognized strategies that can be implemented to assist parents and family members in the bereavement process.

Aim

Identify nursing interventions to help parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units cope with perinatal loss.

Methods

A scoping review based on the methodological framework established by Arksey and O'Malley was used. A total of 327 relevant studies were identified through a bibliographic search in Pubmed, CINAHL Plus, APA PsycNET and Scopus between 2000 and 2019. The screening process included an initial analysis of the relevance of the abstract and, when required, an extensive review of the full paper.

Results

A total of 9 papers were finally selected which responded to the research question. All nine papers are from the USA and have different methodological characteristics. A number of effective interventions were identified, including legacy creation, support groups, family‐centred accompaniment and follow‐up, parental involvement in pre‐mortem care, intergenerational bereavement programmes, and the use of technological and spiritual resources.

Conclusion

In general, the scant evidence that is available about nursing interventions around perinatal bereavement care underlines the requirement to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of those that have already been designed and implemented.

Implications for nursing practice and policy

This scoping review contributes to the potential implementation of effective interventions to deal with and help parents and family members cope with perinatal bereavement, with nursing staff as the main source of support and leading interventions which have family members in the care team. This review also makes a substantial contribution to the development of a practical and evidence‐based clinical guide for nursing, with recommendations that can be adapted to effective quality care criteria. It is additionally intended to encourage visibility in health policies of care and attention to perinatal grief in neonatal intensive care units.
Context‐aware user profiles to improve media synchronicity for individuals with severe motor disabilities
Authors: Randolph Adriane B. , Petter Stacie C. , Storey Veda C. , Jackson Melody M.
Published: March 2021

Losing the ability to communicate inhibits social contact, creates feelings of frustration and isolation and complicates personal comfort and medical care. Progressive diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) can cause severe motor disabilities that make communication through traditional means difficult, slow, and exhausting, even with the support of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. Using a design science research approach, we seek to improve the communication process for individuals with severe motor disabilities. We develop a series of design requirements to inform the creation and evaluation of an artefact, an AAC system that incorporates context‐aware user profiles to improve the communication process for individuals with severe motor disabilities. We derive prescriptive knowledge through the creation of design principles based on our findings and justify these design principles using the lens of media synchronicity theory (MST). This research identifies opportunities for further research related to MST and provides insights to inform those designing communication systems for individuals that rely on AAC systems.
Synchrotron phase‐contrast imaging applied to the anatomical study of the hand and its vascularization
Authors: Solé Cruz Eva , Mercier Alexis , Suuronen Jussi‐Petteri , Chaffanjon Philippe , Brun Emmanuel , Bellier Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Microscopic anatomical study of the hand requires difficult or destructive dissection techniques for each anatomical structure. Synchrotron phase‐contrast imaging (sPCI) allows us to study precisely, at a microscopic resolution and in a nondestructive approach, the soft tissues and bone structures within a single 3D image. Therefore, we aimed to assess the capacity of sPCI to study the arterial anatomy of the hand and digits in human cadavers for anatomical purposes. A non‐injected hand from an embalmed body was imaged using sPCI at 21‐µm pixel size. The vascularization and innervation of the hands were virtually reconstructed at 84‐µm resolution, and the medial neurovascular bundle of the third digit at 21 µm. The thinner‐most distal structures were observed and reported. The diameter and thickness of the vascular and neural structures were defined on 2D computed tomographic axial projections, and using a granulometry method coupled to the 3D reconstructions. The vascularization of the hand was visible from the radial and ulnar arteries to the distal digital transverse anastomoses. The thinnest structure observed was the anastomotic arterial network around the proper palmar digital nerve. The latter emerged from the proper palmar digital artery and vascularized the nerve around its whole length and circumference. The perineural arterioles individualizable at this resolution had a diameter of 66–309 µm. In conclusion, sPCI allows both the arterial and neural anatomy of the hand to be studied at the same time, as well as the anatomical interactions between both networks. It facilitates the study of structures that have different sizes, diameters, thickness, and histological origin with great precision, in a noninvasive way, and using a single technique.
Prevalence of portal vein thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography in dogs
Authors: von Stade L. E. , Shropshire S. B. , Rao S. , Twedt D. , Marolf A. J.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To evaluate dogs with computed tomography angiography of the abdomen for overall prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and prevalence of portal vein thrombosis based on different disease categories. To evaluate dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis for differences in outcome. To compare ultrasound to computed tomographic angiography for identification of portal vein thrombosis.

Methods

Abdominal computed tomography angiography of 223 client‐owned animals was reviewed for evidence of portal vein thrombosis. Based on medical records, dogs were assigned to disease categories: (1) liver disease; (2) non‐hepatic neoplasia; (3) pancreatitis; (4) infectious disease; (5) immune‐mediated disease; (6) other; (7) multiple diseases. Different categories were compared for the prevalence of portal vein thrombosis. Outcome was evaluated in dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Ultrasound reports were reviewed to determine the detection of thrombosis on ultrasound.

Results

Twenty‐eight dogs (13%) had portal vein thrombosis. The pancreatitis category contained the highest percentage of portal vein thrombosis among different categories (eight of 19; 42%). There was a similar outcome between dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Of 21 dogs with portal vein thrombosis that had ultrasound performed, ultrasound detected thrombosis in four of 21 (19%) cases.

Clinical Relevance

In this study, portal vein thrombosis prevalence was higher in dogs with pancreatitis compared to dogs with liver disease, non‐hepatic neoplasia and other abdominal or systemic disease. The portal system should be carefully evaluated with imaging in dogs with pancreatitis. As compared to ultrasound, CT angiography is the imaging method of choice for detection of portal vein thrombosis in dogs.
Diagnostic clinical microbiology
Authors: Blondeau Joseph M. , Rankin Shelley C.
Published: March 2021

Technological advancements have changed the way clinical microbiology laboratories are detecting and identifying bacterial, viral, parasitic, and yeast/fungal pathogens. Such advancements have improved sensitivity and specificity and reduce turnaround time to reporting of clinically important results. This article discusses and reviews some traditional methodologies along with some of the technological innovations introduced into diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Some insight to what might be available in the coming years is also discussed.
Dynamic Pricing and Price Commitment of New Experience Goods
Authors: Chen Yu‐Hung , Jiang Baojun
Published: March 2021

This study develops a dynamic model to examine how a firm selling new non‐durable experience goods can signal its high quality with dynamic spot‐pricing or price commitment. Since consumers who buy and use the product will learn its quality, the firm's early period price will endogenously determine the number of informed consumers in the later period. Without price commitment, the high‐quality firm prefers the pooling outcome in the first period, generating enough informed consumers to induce a separating equilibrium outcome in the second period where both types of firms serve only their respective first‐period buyers. By contrast, if firms can commit to future prices, the high‐quality firm can signal its quality by committing to an increasing price‐path, either a lower‐than‐first‐best price for the early period with a first‐best price for the later period or the first‐best early period price with a higher‐than‐first‐best future price. Price commitment will benefit the high‐quality firm by lowering its signaling cost and hurt the low‐quality firm by increasing its cost of mimicking the high‐quality firm. Interestingly, the firm's price commitment can either increase or decrease consumer surplus and social welfare. We show that a longer time horizon can allow the high‐quality firm to costlessly signal its quality by maintaining its high first‐best price for all periods. Our results are robust even when social learning (e.g., through consumer reviews) is considered.
Capacity Allocation of an Integrated Production and Service System
Authors: Wang Kangzhou , Chen Shouchang , Jiang Zhibin , Zhou Weihua , Geng Na
Published: March 2021

Manufacturing servitization has become a major trend in industry that is implemented by so called integrated production and service systems (IPSSs) to offer not only products but also their associated services. In this study, we explore the capacity allocation policy for an IPSS that consists of a manufacturing facility and a service center. The IPSS serves two classes of customers, each demanding a specific product produced at the manufacturing facility and, subsequently, the associated service offered by the service center. We formulate this problem of resource allocation as a Markov decision process. Our analysis suggests that it is optimal to serve the customer with the larger cost saving rate and slower service rate, where the cost saving rate equals service rate times the sum of holding cost and waiting cost. Then we explore production control policies coupled with optimal service ones. We demonstrate that, with light service traffic, the system under the optimal production policy becomes similar to a make‐to‐stock system. Such a system can effectively hedge the system uncertainty. Therefore, the optimal production policy for the IPSS is also a hedging point policy. Under this policy, switching and idling curves split the state space into three regions: one without any production, the two others for production of two type products, respectively. We also discuss the optimal control policies of the two extensions of the IPSS (one with multiple types of product and customers, and the other with a single product and two classes of customers) and find that the characters of the optimal production and service policy still hold. Finally, we develop three heuristic integrated scheduling policies. Numerical experiments show that one is very effective.
Insomnia and falls in older adults: are they linked to executive dysfunction?
Authors: Unsal Pelin , Sengul Aycicek Gozde , Deniz Olgun , Esme Mert , Dikmeer Ayse , Balcı Cafer , Koca Meltem , Ucar Yelda , Boga Ilker , Burkuk Suna , Halil Meltem Gulhan , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Dogu Burcu Balam
Published: March 2021

Background

Insomnia increases the incidence of falls and impairs executive function. Moreover, falls are associated with executive function impairment. The relationship between falls and executive function in patients with insomnia is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between falls and executive function in individuals with insomnia and a control group.

Methods

This study involved 122 patients (47 insomnia, 75 controls). The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen, Trail Making Test A, clock‐drawing test, and digit span test were used to measure executive function. Semantic and working memory dual task was also performed. Fall history was recorded and the Falls Efficacy Scale – International administered.

Results

The median age of the patients was 71 years (range: 65–89 years), and 60.7% were women. The insomnia group scored lower on the three‐word recall than the control group (P = 0.005), but there was no difference between the groups on cognitive tests. Fall history and fear of falling were more frequent in the insomnia group (P = 0.003, P < 0.001). Semantic and working memory dual tasks were correlated with clock‐drawing test only in the insomnia group (r = −0.316, P = 0.031; r = −0.319, P = 0.029). Depression (odds ratio (OR) = 9.65, P = 0.001) and Trail Making Test A (OR = 1.025, P = 0.07) were independently associated with insomnia. Four‐metre walking speed (OR = 2.342, P = 0.025), insomnia (OR = 3.453; P = 0.028), and the semantic memory dual task (OR = 1.589; P = 0.025) were also independently associated with falls.

Conclusion

Our study showed that dual tasking and executive function are related to falls in patients with insomnia. Managing insomnia and assessment of executive dysfunction may have beneficial effects on preventing falls.
Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, viral kinetics and impact of COVID‐19 in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Huang Ying , Tsoi Margaret Ting Fong , Tang Arthur , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Wei Wan In , Hui David Shu Cheong
Published: March 2021

COVID‐19 has hit the world by surprise, causing substantial mortality and morbidity since 2020. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, induced impact, viral kinetics and clinical spectrum of COVID‐19 in the Asia‐Pacific Region, focusing on regions previously exposed to outbreaks of coronavirus. COVID‐19 progressed differently by regions, with some (such as China and Taiwan) featured by one to two epidemic waves and some (such as Hong Kong and South Korea) featured by multiple waves. There has been no consensus on the estimates of important epidemiological time intervals or proportions, such that using them for making inferences should be done with caution. Viral loads of patients with COVID‐19 peak in the first week of illness around days 2 to 4 and hence there is very high transmission potential causing community outbreaks. Various strategies such as government‐guided and suppress‐and‐lift strategies, trigger‐based/suppression approaches and alert systems have been employed to guide the adoption and easing of control measures. Asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic transmission is a hallmark of COVID‐19. Identification and isolation of symptomatic patients alone is not effective in controlling the ongoing outbreaks. However, early, prompt and coordinated enactment predisposed regions to successful disease containment. Mass COVID‐19 vaccinations are likely to be the light at the end of the tunnel. There is a need to review what we have learnt in this pandemic and examine how to transfer and improve existing knowledge for ongoing and future epidemics.
All in the family: The role of family networks, collective action frames, and identity in Latino movement participation
Authors: Tueme Nabil
Published: March 2021

The family is often described as the foundation of Latino immigrant communities. Scholars interested in the political activism of Latino immigrants in the United States have consequently sought to examine the relationship between the family and recruitment to social movement participation. Overall, this research focuses on how the family can promote Latinos' political activism. However, less is known about the conditions under which the family may hinder activism. Family dynamics may be particularly demobilizing for certain segments of the Latino population with liminal or undocumented status. This article reviews two groups of the recent literature on Latino political mobilization: (a) social networks; and (b) collective action frames. By drawing on insights from social movement theory, the article concludes by arguing for more research that theorizes on the family as a group identity, powerfully enabling, and constraining Latino movement participation.
We must do better: Ableism and fatphobia in sociology
Authors: Stoll Laurie Cooper , Egner Justine
Published: March 2021

Sociologists have contributed greatly to our understanding of how systems of oppression operate and work together to produce injustice. However, they have paid considerably less theoretical and empirical attention to fatphobia and ableism compared to some other systems of oppression. Worse yet, noncritical sociological research on fat bodies and disabled bodyminds has often contributed to the perpetuation of both. In this critical literature review of articles on disability and body size in the three highest ranking sociology generalist journals and two medical sociology journals over the past 10 years, we illustrate the main consequences when sociologists fail to employ a critical approach to the study of fat bodies and disabled bodyminds, including their use of eugenical logic and language. We conclude by offering suggestions for how sociologists can do better moving forward.