bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arrangement of watershed from overflowing lookout applying the SWAT prototypical and SUFI-2 (case study: Kasiliyan watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh
Published: July 2022

Overflows are an ordinary singularity that origins substantial fatalities of lifecycle and possessions and anthropological civilizations each time and persons have recognized it as a predictable occurrence. In this investigation, to forecast the overflowing in Kasiliyan SWAT hydrological prototypical was applied. Evidence wanted to be this investigation, with topographical maps, terrestrial usage, soil information, and climatological information, information about steady precipitation, temperature, and current degree were organized earlier. SUFI-2 database was applied for prototypical standardization. Subsequently the standardization and optimization of the prototypical, justification of the prototypical in the study zone was completed. The standardization of the prototypical was done from 2004 to 2010 and corroboration was completed from 2011 to 2014. To examine the consequences of arithmetical gauges R2, bR2, and Nash Sutcliffe constant were applied. Afterward prototypical standardization the particular constants were 0.79, 0.66, and 0.79 and the individual corroboration constants were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.71. The sensitivity consequences of 25 components that are important on overflow aquatic displayed that static components of groundwater improper current, its period, and the smallest quantity of aquatic essential for groundwater improper current are more complex than other components. Quantity Kasiliyan component curvatures were applied for overflow washbasin. Kasiliyan washbasin was separated into 24 zones to investigate the overflowing design. Lastly applying the overhead professed Mockups, it was decided that sub basin number 7 had the primary-rank with runoff 128.06, sub basin number 12 had the next rank with overflow in relations of overflowing and sub basin number 2 with a 12.62 has the minimum quantity of overflow.
Whole Life Design: Theory and Applications of This New Approach to Offshore Geotechnics
Authors: Gourvenec Susan
Published: July 2022

Geotechnical properties can evolve throughout the design life of a structure due to actions imposed during installation, the operational life or late and end of life management of an asset. Whole life geotechnical design seeks to predict soil-structure responses across the design life by considering the whole life of imposed actions coupled with geotechnical properties that evolve with each action. In contrast, traditional geotechnical design considers the ‘worst case’ single value of minimum resistance or stiffness coupled with the ‘worst case’ single value of maximum action over the design life. The emerging philosophy of whole life geotechnical design checks limit states at different stages of the ‘whole life’ against ‘current’ geotechnical properties, updated based on the processes that have occurred and the responses that have accumulated earlier in the design life. Consideration of whole life geotechnical response provides greater insight, enabling forecasting of the response of a supported structure through and beyond its design life. Insights can be applied at the initial design stage for optimal sizing; through life for assessing or predicting cumulative displacements or changes in resistance, and assumptions in the initial design against observed performance. By extension, these insights can be used to predict actual remaining design life; for re-lifing or re-purposing; and decommissioning. This paper presents the overarching philosophy of whole life geotechnical design, theory underpinning the evolution of geotechnical properties, derivation of the appropriate parameters, and some applications. This paper demonstrates the potential of whole life design, particularly to the emerging opportunities of offshore renewable energy infrastructure.
The Ageing Nose: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Navaratnam Annakan Victor , Stoenchev Kostadin V. , Acharya Vikas , Saleh Hesham A.
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

Rhinoplasty has traditionally been considered an elective procedure for younger patients. However, increasingly older patients are undergoing nasal surgery for both functional and aesthetic indications. We provide an overview of the common problems with rhinoplasty in the elderly and the surgical techniques that can be reliably utilised to address them to produce predictable and longstanding results.

Recent Findings

Outcomes from studies of older rhinoplasty patients emphasise the need for a tailored approach that preserves natural structures. However, if reinforced structural support is required, especially in functional cases, grafting techniques such as septal extension grafts, spreader grafts and alar strut grafts are required. Furthermore, special consideration must be made for the nasal skin in older patients, and utilisation of dorsal onlay grafts is often necessary.

Surgery for the ageing nose is a complex challenge for the rhinoplasty surgeon. Preoperative assessment is critical and must include detailed facial analysis that considers the amplification of facial asymmetry due to the ageing process and an appreciation that expectations in this population may differ from younger patients. A comprehensive understanding of the age-related anatomical changes in the nasal structure and the wide repertoire of operative techniques are required to restore form and function.
A baseline-reactive scheduling method for carrier-based aircraft maintenance tasks
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Changjiu , Su Xichao , Cui Rongwei , Wan Bing
Published: July 2022

Carrier-based aircraft maintenance tasks are conducted in time-critical, resource-constrained, and uncertain environments. Optimizing the scheduling allocation scheme of maintenance personnel and equipment, reasonably responding to uncertainty disturbances, and maintaining a high fleet availability are vital to the combat and training missions of carrier-based aircraft. The maintenance task scheduling problem for carrier-based aircraft is investigated in this study. First, a mathematical model for comprehensive carrier-based aircraft maintenance task scheduling that considers constraints such as maintenance personnel, equipment/shop, space, and parallel capacity is developed. Second, to generate the baseline scheduling scheme, an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (I_NSGA-II) with local neighborhood search is proposed for the model optimization solution; I_NSGA-II uses the serial scheduling generation scheme mechanism to generate the time sequence scheduling scheme for maintenance personnel and equipment/workshop of different fleet sizes. Third, to cope with dynamic uncertainty disturbances, two reactive scheduling methods, i.e., complete rescheduling and partial rescheduling, are proposed to perform reactive scheduling corrections to the baseline schedule. Case simulation shows that the established mathematical model is reasonable and practical, and that the proposed I_NSGA-II is superior to the current mainstream algorithms. In addition, the decision maker can select between the two reactive scheduling methods flexibly based on the different forms and scales of disturbance.
Macroscopic Electromagnetic Cooperative Network-Enhanced MXene/Ni Chains Aerogel-Based Microwave Absorber with Ultra-Low Matching Thickness
Authors: Pan Fei , Rao Yanping , Batalu Dan , Cai Lei , Dong Yanyan , Zhu Xiaojie , Shi Yuyang , Shi Zhong , Liu Yaowen , Lu Wei
Published: July 2022

Electromagnetic cooperative strategy has been presented as a mainstream approach that can effectively optimize the matching thickness of dielectric loss dominant system. However, it is still challenging for dielectric–magnetic loss coexisting-type absorber to develop electromagnetic wave (EMW) performance with ultra-low matching thickness (≤ 1 mm). Breaking the limitation of traditional electromagnetic response at microscopic/mesoscopic scale, a ficus microcarpa-like magnetic aerogel with macroscopical electromagnetic cooperative effect was fabricated through highly oriented self-assembly engineering. The highly oriented Ni chains with unique macroscopic morphology (~ 1 cm in length) were achieved via a special magnetic field-induced growth. Strong magnetic coupling was observed in the Ni chains confirmed by the micromagnetic simulation. The deductive calculation validates that maintaining high value of electromagnetic parameters at high frequencies is the prerequisites of ultrathin absorber. The electromagnetic cooperative networks with uninterrupted and dual pathways spread through the entire aerogel skeleton, resulting in the impressive permittivity even at high frequencies. Consequently, the aerogel exhibits a remarkable EMW performance at an ultrathin thickness of 1 mm. Thus, based on the modulation of electromagnetic parameters, this work proposed a macroscopic ordered structure with the electromagnetic cooperative effect useful to develop a suitable strategy for achieving ultrathin EMW absorbers.
PTMOT: A Probabilistic Multiple Object Tracker Enhanced by Tracklet Confidence for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Jiang Kun , Shi Yining , Zhou Taohua , Yang Mengmeng , Yang Diange
Published: July 2022

Real driving scenarios, due to occlusions and disturbances, provide disordered and noisy measurements, which makes the task of multi-object tracking quite challenging. Conventional approach is to find deterministic data association; however, it has unstable performance in high clutter density. This paper proposes a novel probabilistic tracklet-enhanced multiple object tracker (PTMOT), which integrates Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter with confidence of tracklets. The proposed method is able to realize efficient and robust probabilistic association for 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) and improve the PMBM filter’s continuity by smoothing single target hypothesis with global hypothesis. It consists of two key parts. First, the PMBM tracker based on sets of tracklets is implemented to realize probabilistic fusion of disordered measurements. Second, the confidence of tracklets is smoothed through a smoothing-while-filtering approach. Extensive MOT tests on nuScenes tracking dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in different modalities.
Nail pigmentation induced by chemotherapy: an observational study of patients with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Jiang Kuikui , Shi Simei , Lin Qiulian , Sun Peng , Zhang Luan , Yuan Zhongyu , Hong Ruoxi , Shi Yanxia , Liu Xia , Zhang Jingmin , Huang Jiajia , Bi Xiwen , Xia Wen , Lu Qianyi , Zheng Qiufan , Wang Shusen , Xu Fei
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation is a common adverse effect, but prospective studies focussing on its onset, recovery, and severity are few. We aim to evaluate the pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation in early-stage breast cancer patients by calculating the comprehensive score based on hyperpigmentation area and color depth of the nail plate.

Methods

This prospective, observational study was conducted between February 2019 and December 2019. Early-stage breast cancer patients scheduled to receive anthracyclines combined with cyclophosphamide or taxane-containing regimens were enrolled. The clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment protocols were collected. The onset, patterns, and duration of nail changes were photographed and recorded regularly.

Results

A total of 90 patients were enrolled. The most common nail change was nail pigmentation (n = 81, 90.0%), followed by onycholysis (n = 39, 43.3%), Beau’s lines (n = 19, 21.1%), Mees’ lines (n = 16, 17.8%), Muehrcke’s lines (n = 7, 7.8%), and hemorrhage (n = 1, 1.1%). Forty-four (48.9%) patients developed severe nail pigmentation. The median onset time of nail pigmentation was 37 days after the initiation of chemotherapy. At the latest follow-up, 55(67.9%) patients achieved remission of melanonychia with the median recovery time of 118 days. The median duration of nail pigmentation was 214 days.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the specific pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation, which onsets early and recovers slowly with a high incidence of severe nail pigmentation, in early-stage breast cancer patients. The results provide reference for further intervention studies.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04215744. Registered 30 December 2019—Retrospectively registered.
Experimental characterization of smooth body flow separation topography and topology on a two-dimensional geometry of finite span
Authors: Simmons D.J. , Thomas F.O. , Corke T.C. , Hussain F.
Published: July 2022

A smooth body, adverse pressure gradient (APG), turbulent boundary layer (TBL) separation is experimentally studied. The geometry features canonical TBL development prior to encountering a smooth, two-dimensional convex ramp geometry of finite span onto which a streamwise APG that is fully adjustable is imposed. Both large- and small-scale separations are studied, and all data are archived on the NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource website. This paper describes the large-scale separation case with focus on the surface topography and topology of both separation and reattachment. Despite the spanwise uniform approach TBL and ramp geometry, the separation is highly three-dimensional but the reattachment is spanwise uniform. The surface flow topology is characterized by the ‘owl-face pattern of the fourth kind’ – found to be highly repeatable over multiple experiments. This ubiquitous topology has been reported for a variety of flows including inclined bodies of revolution. It is demonstrated that the APG and the secondary flow associated with the sidewall–ramp juncture is responsible for the formation of the surface separation patterns.
Evidence for Raupach et al.'s mixing-layer analogy in deep homogeneous urban-canopy flows
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhu Xiaowei , Yang Xiang I A , Wan Minping
Published: July 2022

The mixing-layer analogy is due to Raupach, Finnigan & Brunet (Boundary-Layer Meteorol., vol. 25, 1996, pp. 351–382). In the analogy, the flow in the roughness sublayer of a homogeneous deep vegetation canopy boundary layer is analogous to a plane mixing layer rather than a surface layer. Evidence for the analogy includes the inflected velocity profile, which resembles the velocity profile in a plane mixing layer, and, most notably, the following estimate as a result of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability:

$\varLambda _x=8.1L_s$

, where

$\varLambda _x$

is the spacing of the large-scale eddies, and

$L_s$

is the shear length. The mixing-layer analogy has been very successful in vegetation canopy flow research, but has received only limited support in urban-canopy flow research. This work revisits Raupach et al.'s mixing-layer analogy, and we present the evidence for the mixing-layer analogy in urban-canopy flows: the exponential velocity profile in the canopy layer, i.e.

$(U-U_c)/(U_h-U_c)=\exp (z/L_m)$

, and

$L_m\sim [(U_h/U_c-1)(U_h/U_c+3)]^{-1}$

. Here,

$z$

is the vertical coordinate,

$L_m$

is the attenuation length and is a measure of the largest eddy in the canopy layer,

$U_h$

is the wind speed at the canopy crest and

$U_c$

is the velocity in the inactive layer. We conduct direct numerical simulations of various deep homogeneous urban-canopy flows and test the above two scalings. We also discuss why Raupach et al.'s analogy has not seen as many successes in urban-canopy flows as in vegetation canopy flows.
A nonlinear, non-dispersive energy balance for surfzone waves: infragravity wave dynamics on a sloping beach
Authors: Rijnsdorp Dirk P. , Smit Pieter B. , Guza R.T.
Published: July 2022

A fully nonlinear non-dispersive energy balance for surfzone waves is derived based on the nonlinear shallow water equations to study the nearshore dynamics of infragravity (IG) waves. Based on simulations of waves on a relatively moderate and mild beach slope with a non-hydrostatic wave-flow model (SWASH), the new theory shows that spatial gradients in IG energy flux are nearly completely balanced by the combined effect of bottom stresses and predominantly nonlinear triad interactions. The new balance confirms many features of existing weakly nonlinear theories, and yields an improved description in the inner surfzone where waves become highly nonlinear. A gain of IG energy flux throughout the shoaling and outer surfzones is driven by triad interactions between IG waves and pairs of sea-swell (SS) waves. The IG energy flux decreased in the inner surfzone, primarily through an energy cascade to the swell-band and superharmonic frequencies where wave energy is ultimately dissipated. Dissipation by bottom friction was weak on both slopes. The IG wave breaking, characterized by triads between three IG or two IG waves and one SS wave, was significant only deep inside the surfzone of the mild slope. Even though IG waves broke on the mild slope, nonlinear interactions between IG waves and pairs of SS waves were responsible for at least half of the net IG flux loss.
On the interaction of turbulence with nucleation and growth in reaction crystallisation
Authors: Tang Hin Yan , Rigopoulos Stelios , Papadakis George
Published: July 2022

The objective of this work is to investigate the interaction of turbulence with the nonlinear processes of particle nucleation and growth that occur in reaction crystallisation, also known as precipitation. A validated methodology for coupling the population balance equation with direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows is employed for simulating an experiment conducted by Schwarzeret al.(Chem. Engng Sci., vol. 61, no. 1, 2006, pp. 167–181), where barium sulphate nanoparticles are formed by mixing and reaction of barium chloride and sulphate acid in a T-mixer, with the spatial resolution resolved down to the Kolmogorov scale. A unity Schmidt number is assumed, since at present it is not possible to resolve the Batchelor scale for realistic Schmidt numbers (order of 1000 or more). The probability density function, filtered averages and spatial distribution of time and length scales are all examined in order to shed light on the interplay of turbulence and precipitation. Separate Damköhler numbers are defined for nucleation and growth and both are found to be close to unity, indicating that the process is neither mixing nor kinetics controlled. The nucleation length scales are also evaluated and compared with the Kolmogorov scale to show the importance of resolving nucleation bursts. In addition, zones of different rate-determining mechanisms are identified. The ultimate aim of precipitation is to obtain control over the product particle size distribution, and the present study elucidates the synergistic or competing roles of mixing, nucleation and growth on the process outcome and discusses the implications for modelling.
Which states can be reached from a given state by unital completely positive maps?
Authors: Magajna Bojan
Published: July 2022

For a state $\omega$ on a C$^{*}$-algebra $A$, we characterize all states $\rho$ in the weak* closure of the set of all states of the form $\omega \circ \varphi$, where $\varphi$ is a map on $A$ of the form $\varphi (x)=\sum \nolimits _{i=1}^{n}a_i^{*}xa_i,$ $\sum \nolimits _{i=1}^{n}a_i^{*}a_i=1$ ($a_i\in A$, $n\in \mathbb {N}$). These are precisely the states $\rho$ that satisfy $\|\rho |J\|\leq \|\omega |J\|$ for each ideal $J$ of $A$. The corresponding question for normal states on a von Neumann algebra $\mathcal {R}$ (with the weak* closure replaced by the norm closure) is also considered. All normal states of the form $\omega \circ \psi$, where $\psi$ is a quantum channel on $\mathcal {R}$ (that is, a map of the form $\psi (x)=\sum \nolimits _ja_j^{*}xa_j$, where $a_j\in \mathcal {R}$ are such that the sum $\sum \nolimits _ja_j^{*}a_j$ converge to $1$ in the weak operator topology) are characterized. A variant of this topic for hermitian functionals instead of states is investigated. Maximally mixed states are shown to vanish on the strong radical of a C$^{*}$-algebra and for properly infinite von Neumann algebras the converse also holds.
A generalized Hasegawa–Mima equation in curved magnetic fields
Authors: Sato Naoki , Yamada Michio
Published: July 2022

We derive a model equation describing electrostatic plasma turbulence in general (inhomogeneous and curved) magnetic fields by analysing the effect of curved geometry on the ion fluid polarization drift velocity. The derived nonlinear equation generalizes the Hasegawa–Mima equation governing drift wave turbulence in a straight homogeneous magnetic field, and may serve as a toy model for the description of turbulent plasmas. The equation is most appropriate for configurations with a small$\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$drift velocity divergence, or a mild spatial change in$\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$drift velocity. We identify the conserved energy of the system, and obtain conditions on magnetic field topology for conservation of generalized enstrophy. Through numerical examples, we further show how the curvature of the magnetic field reshapes self-organized steady turbulent states.
Regional exchange and exclusive elite rituals in Iron Age central Anatolia: dating, function and circulation of Alişar-IV ware
Authors: d’Alfonso Lorenzo , Basso Elena , Castellano Lorenzo , Mantovan Alessio , Vertuani Paola
Published: July 2022

Alişar-IV ware is one of the most characteristic ceramic productions of early first-millennium BC central Anatolia and the only one characterised by painted figurative motifs besides geometric decorations. The ongoing excavations at Niğde-Kınık Höyük have uncovered a collection of fragments belonging to 42 Alişar-IV vessels, and this systematic material study of these sherds contributes much to understanding aspects of their production, use and consumption. Petrographic and chemical evidence presented in this study indicates that two-thirds of them were produced locally. Conversely, the study of Alişar-IV fragments from other regions of the Anatolian plateau has shown that they are non-local productions. We thus suggest that Alişar-IV ware is a product of a few centres within south-central Anatolia and that, from there, it circulated among and beyond these centres. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the main period of production of this ware covers the tenth and ninth centuries BC, in agreement with the evidence from Polatlı Yassı Höyük, Kaman-Kalehöyük and Böğazköy-Büyükkaya. The small number of Alişar-IV vessels found at each site is indicative of a limited, exclusive production. A combined study of their shapes and iconography might support the hypothesis that the Alişar-IV ware was primarily associated with wine circulation and consumption.
Intelligenzdiagnostik der Zukunft
Authors: Frischkorn Gidon T. , Hilger Kirsten , Kretzschmar André , Schubert Anna-Lena
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die menschliche Intelligenz ist eines der am besten erforschten und validierten Konstrukte innerhalb der Psychologie. Dennoch wird die Validität von Intelligenztests im gruppen- und insbesondere kulturvergleichenden Kontext regelmäßig und berechtigterweise kritisch hinterfragt. Obwohl verschiedene Alternativen und Weiterentwicklungen der Intelligenzdiagnostik vorgeschlagen wurden (z. B. kulturfaire Tests), sind fundamentale Probleme in der vergleichenden Intelligenzdiagnostik noch immer ungelöst und die Validitäten entsprechender Verfahren unklar. In dem vorliegenden Positionspapier wird diese Thematik aus der Perspektive der Kognitionspsychologie und der kognitiven Neurowissenschaften beleuchtet und eine prozessorientierte und biologisch inspirierte Form der Intelligenzdiagnostik als potentieller Lösungsansatz vorgeschlagen. Wir zeigen die Bedeutung elementarer kognitiver Prozesse auf (insbesondere Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität, Aufmerksamkeit, Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit), die individuellen Leistungsunterschieden zu Grunde liegen, und betonen, dass der Unterscheidung zwischen Inhalten und Prozessen eine zentrale, jedoch oft vernachlässigte Rolle in der Diagnostik allgemeiner kognitiver Leistungsunterschiede zukommt. Während aus kognitions- und neuropsychologischer Sicht davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass sich insbesondere Prozesse für interkulturelle Vergleiche eignen, sollten Inhalte als stärker kulturspezifisch verstanden werden. Darauf aufbauend diskutieren wir drei verschiedene Ansätze zur Verbesserung interkultureller Vergleichbarkeit der Intelligenzdiagnostik sowie deren Grenzen. Wir postulieren, dass sich die Intelligenzforschung im Austausch mit verschiedenen Disziplinen stärker auf die Identifikation von generellen kognitiven Prozessen fokussieren sollte und diskutieren das Potenzial zukünftiger Forschung hin zu einer prozessorientierten und biologisch inspirierten Intelligenzdiagnostik. Schließlich zeigen wir derzeitige Möglichkeiten auf, gehen aber auch auf etwaige Herausforderungen ein und beleuchten Implikationen für die zukünftige Intelligenzdiagnostik und -forschung.
Measurements of Aerosol Size and Microphysical Properties: A Comparison Between Raman Lidar and Airborne Sensors
Authors: Di Girolamo P. , De Rosa B. , Summa D. , Franco N. , Veselovskii I.
Published: July 2022

This manuscript compares measurements of aerosol size distributions and microphysical properties retrieved from the Raman lidar BASIL with those obtained from a series of aircraft sensors during HyMeX‐SOP1. The attention is focused on a measurement session on 02 October 2012, with BASIL measurements revealing the presence of a lower aerosol layer extending up to 3.3 km and an elevated layer extending from 3.6 to 4.6 km. Aerosol size distribution and microphysical properties are determined from multi‐wavelength particle backscattering and extinction profile measurements through a retrieval approach based on Tikhonov regularization. A good agreement is found between BASIL and the microphysical sensors' measurements for all considered aerosol size and microphysical properties. Specifically, BASIL and in‐situ volume concentration values are in the range 2–5 μm3 cm−3 in the lower layer and in the range 1–3.5 μm3 cm−3 in the upper layer. Values of the effective radius values from BASIL and the in‐situ sensors are in the range 0.2–0.6 μm in both the lower and upper layer. Aerosol size distributions are determined at 2.2, 2.8, 4 and 4.3 km, with a good agreement between the Raman lidar and the microphysical sensors at all considered heights. We combined these size and microphysical results with Lagrangian back‐trajectory analyses and chemical composition measurements. From this combination of datasets we conclude that aerosol particles below 3 km were probably originated by wildfires in North America and/or by anthropogenic activities in North‐Eastern Europe, while aerosols above 3 km were also probably originated by wildfires in North America.
Flooding and Overflow Mitigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on Koopman Operator of Urban Drainage Systems
Authors: Tian Wenchong , Liao Zhenliang , Zhang Zhiyu , Wu Hao , Xin Kunlun
Published: July 2022

In recent studies, deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been used for the real‐time control of urban drainage systems (UDSs). However, the training process of an RL agent is computationally expensive since collecting the training data requires multiple simulations of a UDS model. An effective solution to this issue is to replace the original UDS model with an emulator, a simpler model which emulates the specified output of the system. However, the adaptability and interpretability of the existing UDS emulators still require further improvements. To address these challenges, a new emulator with increased adaptability and interpretability, called Koopman emulator, was developed by using the Koopman operator and a deep learning technique in this study. Then, the Koopman emulator was used to replace the UDS model in RL to establish an emulator‐based RL framework for fast and efficient training. This framework was used to train emulator‐based RL agents for flooding and overflow mitigation in a UDS located in Eastern China. Baseline emulators were also employed for comparison. All the methods were evaluated through simulations. The following results were obtained: (a) The Koopman emulator demonstrated a better emulation performance than the baseline emulators. (b) The RL agents based on the Koopman emulator achieved a similar control effect with a faster training process and more efficient data usage compared with the RL agents based on the storm water management model. (c) The uncertainty analysis showed that the RL agents based on the Koopman emulator exhibited acceptable robustness when facing different rainfall events and input perturbations.
Noah‐MP With the Generic Crop Growth Model Gecros in the WRF Model: Effects of Dynamic Crop Growth on Land‐Atmosphere Interaction
Authors: Warrach‐Sagi K. , Ingwersen J. , Schwitalla T. , Troost C. , Aurbacher J. , Jach L. , Berger T. , Streck T. , Wulfmeyer V.
Published: July 2022

In this paper we coupled a crop growth model to the Weather Research and Forecasting model with its land surface model Noah‐MP and demonstrated the influence of the weather driven crop growth on land‐atmosphere (L‐A) feedback. An impact study was performed at the convection permitting scale of 3 km over Germany. While the leaf area index (LAI) in the control simulation was the same for all cropland grid cells, the inclusion of the crop growth model resulted in heterogeneous crop development with higher LAI and stronger seasonality. For the analyses of L‐A coupling, a two‐legged metric was applied based on soil moisture, latent heat flux and convective available potential energy. Weak atmospheric coupling is enhanced by the crop model, the terrestrial coupling determines the regions with the L‐A feedback. The inclusion of the crop model turns regions with no L‐A feedback on this path into regions with strong positive coupling. The number of non‐atmospherically controlled days between April and August is increased by 10–15 days in more than 50% of Germany. Our work shows that this impact results in a reduction of both cold bias and warm biases and thus improves the metrics of distributed added value of the monthly mean temperatures. The study confirms that the simulation of the weather driven annual phenological development of croplands for the regional climate simulations in mid‐latitudes is crucial due to the L‐A feedback processes and the currently observed and expected future change in phenological phases.
1-Pbps orbital angular momentum fibre-optic transmission
Authors: Liu Junyi , Zhang Jingxing , Liu Jie , Lin Zhenrui , Li Zhenhua , Lin Zhongzheng , Zhang Junwei , Huang Cong , Mo Shuqi , Shen Lei , Lin Shuqing , Chen Yujie , Gao Ran , Zhang Lei , Lan Xiaobo , Cai Xinlun , Li Zhaohui , Yu Siyuan
Published: July 2022

Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed by computation-intensive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) required to eliminate the crosstalk caused by optical coupling between multiplexed spatial channels. By exploiting the unique propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring core fibres (RCFs), a system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s−1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s−1 Hz−1. Remarkably for such a high channel count, the system only uses fixed-size 4 × 4 MIMO DSP modules with no more than 25 time-domain taps. Such ultra-low MIMO complexity is enabled by the simultaneous weak coupling among fibre cores and amongst non-degenerate OAM mode groups within each core that have a fixed number of 4 modes. These results take the capacity of OAM-based fibre-optic communications links over the 1 Pbps milestone for the first time. They also simultaneously represent the lowest MIMO complexity and the 2nd smallest fibre cladding diameter amongst reported few-mode multicore-fibre (FM-MCF) SDM systems of >1 Pbps capacity. We believe these results represent a major step forward in SDM transmission, as they manifest the significant potentials for further up-scaling the capacity per optical fibre whilst keeping MIMO processing to an ultra-low complexity level and in a modularly expandable fashion.
Role of pericytes in blood–brain barrier preservation during ischemia through tunneling nanotubes
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Castagnola Valentina , Simone Laura , Loiacono Fabrizio , Svelto Maria , Benfenati Fabio
Published: July 2022

Crosstalk mechanisms between pericytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes preserve integrity and function of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions. Long intercellular channels allowing the transfer of small molecules and organelles between distant cells called tunneling nanotubes (TNT) represent a potential substrate for energy and matter exchanges between the tripartite cellular compartments of the BBB. However, the role of TNT across BBB cells under physiological conditions and in the course of BBB dysfunction is unknown. In this work, we analyzed the TNT’s role in the functional dialog between human brain endothelial cells, and brain pericytes co-cultured with human astrocytes under normal conditions or after exposure to ischemia/reperfusion, a condition in which BBB breakdown occurs, and pericytes participate in the BBB repair. Using live time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that astrocytes form long TNT with pericytes and endothelial cells and receive functional mitochondria from both cell types through this mechanism. The mitochondrial transfer also occurred in multicellular assembloids of human BBB that reproduce the three-dimensional architecture of the BBB. Under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion, TNT formation is upregulated, and astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation were rescued from apoptosis by healthy pericytes through TNT-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria, an effect that was virtually abolished in the presence of TNT-destroying drugs. The results establish a functional role of TNT in the crosstalk between BBB cells and demonstrate that TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer from pericytes rescues astrocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Our data confirm that the pericytes might play a pivotal role in preserving the structural and functional integrity of BBB under physiological conditions and participate in BBB repair in brain diseases.
Preparation of photonic molecular trains via soft-crystal polymerization of lanthanide complexes
Authors: Ferreira da Rosa Pedro Paulo , Kitagawa Yuichi , Shoji Sunao , Oyama Hironaga , Imaeda Keisuke , Nakayama Naofumi , Fushimi Koji , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ueno Kosei , Goto Hitoshi , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: July 2022

Soft-crystals are defined as flexible molecular solids with highly ordered structures and have attracted attention in molecular sensing materials based on external triggers and environments. Here, we show the soft-crystal copolymerization of green-luminescent Tb(III) and yellow-luminescent Dy(III) coordination centers. Soft-crystal polymerization is achieved via transformation of monomeric dinuclear complexes and polymeric structures with respect to coordination number and geometry. The structural transformation is characterized using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The connected Tb(III) crystal-Dy(III) crystal show photon energy transfer from the Dy(III) centre to the Tb(III) centre under blue light excitation (selective Dy(III) centre excitation: 460 ± 10 nm). The activation energy of the energy transfer is estimated using the temperature-dependent emission lifetimes and emission quantum yields, and time-dependent density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. Luminescence-conductive polymers, photonic molecular trains, are successfully prepared via soft-crystal polymerization on crystal media with remarkable long-range energy migration.
Multiscale and hierarchical wrinkle enhanced graphene/Ecoflex sensors integrated with human-machine interfaces and cloud-platform
Authors: Zhou Jian , Long Xinxin , Huang Jian , Jiang Caixuan , Zhuo Fengling , Guo Chen , Li Honglang , Fu YongQing , Duan Huigao
Published: July 2022

Current state-of-the-art stretchable/flexible sensors have received stringent demands on sensitivity, flexibility, linearity, and wide-range measurement capability. Herein, we report a methodology of strain sensors based on graphene/Ecoflex composites by modulating multiscale/hierarchical wrinkles on flexible substrates. The sensor shows an ultra-high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 1078.1, a stretchability of 650%, a response time of ~140 ms, and a superior cycling durability. It can detect wide-range physiological signals including vigorous body motions, pulse monitoring and speech recognition, and be used for monitoring of human respirations in real-time using a cloud platform, showing a great potential for the healthcare internet of things. Complex gestures/sign languages can be precisely detected. Human-machine interface is demonstrated by using a sensor-integrated glove to remotely control an external manipulator to remotely defuse a bomb. This study provides strategies for real-time/long-range medical diagnosis and remote assistance to perform dangerous tasks in industry and military fields.
Structure and function of cancer-related developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) is conserved between sponges and humans
Authors: Beljan Silvestar , Dominko Kristina , Talajić Antea , Hloušek-Kasun Andrea , Škrobot Vidaček Nikolina , Herak Bosnar Maja , Vlahoviček Kristian , Ćetković Helena
Published: July 2022

Cancer is a disease caused by errors within the multicellular system and it represents a major health issue in multicellular organisms. Although cancer research has advanced substantially, new approaches focusing on fundamental aspects of cancer origin and mechanisms of spreading are necessary. Comparative genomic studies have shown that most genes linked to human cancer emerged during the early evolution of Metazoa. Thus, basal animals without true tissues and organs, such as sponges (Porifera), might be an innovative model system for understanding the molecular mechanisms of proteins involved in cancer biology. One of these proteins is developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1), a GTPase stabilized by interaction with DRG family regulatory protein 1 (DFRP1). This study reveals a high evolutionary conservation of DRG1 gene/protein in metazoans. Our biochemical analysis and structural predictions show that both recombinant sponge and human DRG1 are predominantly monomers that form complexes with DFRP1 and bind non-specifically to RNA and DNA. We demonstrate the conservation of sponge and human DRG1 biological features, including intracellular localization and DRG1:DFRP1 binding, function of DRG1 in α-tubulin dynamics, and its role in cancer biology demonstrated by increased proliferation, migration and colonization in human cancer cells. These results suggest that the ancestor of all Metazoa already possessed DRG1 that is structurally and functionally similar to the human DRG1, even before the development of real tissues or tumors, indicating an important function of DRG1 in fundamental cellular pathways.
Interface modes in planar one-dimensional magnonic crystals
Authors: Mieszczak Szymon , Kłos Jarosław W.
Published: July 2022

We present the concept of Zak phase for spin waves in planar magnonic crystals and discuss the existence condition of interface modes localized on the boundary between two magnonic crystals with centrosymmetric unit cells. Using the symmetry criterion and analyzing the logarithmic derivative of the Bloch function, we study the interface modes and demonstrate the bulk-to-edge correspondence. Our theoretical results are verified numerically and extended to the case in which one of the magnonic crystals has a non-centrosymmetric unit cells. We show that by shifting the unit cell, the interface modes can traverse between the band gap edges. Our work also investigate the role of the dipolar interaction, by comparison the systems both with exchange interaction only and combined dipolar-exchange interactions.
Impact of environmental asymmetry on epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Morikawa Kentaro , Kuroda Daichi , Inoue Yasuhiro
Published: July 2022

Epithelial folding is a universal biological phenomenon in morphogenesis, typical examples being brain gyri, villi of the intestinal tract, and imaginal discs in invertebrates. During epithelial morphogenesis, the physical constraints imposed by the surrounding microenvironment on epithelial tissue play critical roles in folding morphology. In this study, we focused on the asymmetry of the environmental constraints sandwiching the epithelial sheet and introduced the degree of asymmetry, which indicates whether the basal or apical side of the epithelium is closer to the constraint wall. Then, we investigated the relationship between the degree of asymmetry and epithelial folding morphology using three-dimensional vertex simulations. The results show that the folding patterns of the epithelial sheets change from spot patterns to labyrinth patterns and then to hole patterns as the degree of asymmetry changes. Furthermore, we examined the pattern formation in terms of the equation of out-of-plane displacement of the sheet derived from the mechanical energy functional.
Fast intraoperative histology-based diagnosis of gliomas with third harmonic generation microscopy and deep learning
Authors: Blokker Max , Hamer Philip C. de Witt , Wesseling Pieter , Groot Marie Louise , Veta Mitko
Published: July 2022

Management of gliomas requires an invasive treatment strategy, including extensive surgical resection. The objective of the neurosurgeon is to maximize tumor removal while preserving healthy brain tissue. However, the lack of a clear tumor boundary hampers the neurosurgeon’s ability to accurately detect and resect infiltrating tumor tissue. Nonlinear multiphoton microscopy, in particular higher harmonic generation, enables label-free imaging of excised brain tissue, revealing histological hallmarks within seconds. Here, we demonstrate a real-time deep learning-based pipeline for automated glioma image analysis, matching video-rate image acquisition. We used a custom noise detection scheme, and a fully-convolutional classification network, to achieve on average 79% binary accuracy, 0.77 AUC and 0.83 mean average precision compared to the consensus of three pathologists, on a preliminary dataset. We conclude that the combination of real-time imaging and image analysis shows great potential for intraoperative assessment of brain tissue during tumor surgery.
Design and characteristics analysis of a new vibration reduction system for in service long span transmission tower
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Li Ziming , Liu Wenwu , Hu Changsheng , Zhang Chunhua
Published: July 2022

The wind-induced fatigue is the main factor leading to reduction of the bearing capacity of long-span transmission towers. In order to reduce the harm of wind vibration, this paper takes the 500 kV Jiamusi region ISLSTT (in service long span transmission tower) as the research object, and a new kind of vibration reduction system is proposed based on a steel wire rope damping structure, with which the vibration characteristics of ISLSTT is analyzed. Firstly, the layout and components of the new vibration reduction system are described, and the damping performance of which is verified and analyzed by finite element method. Secondly, the nonlinear finite element dynamic simulation model of ISLSTT with the new vibration reduction system is established, and the multi-dimensional fluctuating wind speed time history satisfying Davenport wind speed spectrum is given by harmonic superposition method in the time domain. Based on the Bernoulli theorem, the corresponding time history of wind pressure is obtained, and the random wind load is applied to the finite element model to verify the feasibility and efficient of the new vibration reduction system. Finally, the aero-elastic wind tunnel test model of ISLSTT with the new vibration reduction system is built, and the time history curves of stress and acceleration at key points under different wind directions are obtained. By comparing with the un-damped system, it is demonstrated that the average damping efficiency of this method in the scale of stress and acceleration is 72.88% and 77.17%, respectively. The simulation and wind tunnel test results also demonstrate that the vibration reduction system based on wire rope damping structure can effectively reduce the vibration of ISLSTT caused by the non-uniformity of wind speed. The research results lay a solid foundation for the vibration reduction design of in service long span tower-line system in future.
Regulatory network for FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER-like genes in regulating Arabidopsis flower senescence and abscission
Authors: Chen Wei-Han , Lin Pei-Tzu , Hsu Wei-Han , Hsu Hsing-Fun , Li Ya-Chun , Tsao Chin-Wei , Hsu Mao-Cheng , Mao Wan-Ting , Yang Chang-Hsien
Published: July 2022

FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) has been reported to play an important role in regulating flower senescence/abscission. Here, we functionally analyzed five Arabidopsis FYF-like genes, two in the FYF subgroup (FYL1/AGL71 and FYL2/AGL72) and three in the SOC1 subgroup (SOC1/AGL20, AGL19, and AGL14/XAL2), and showed their involvement in the regulation of flower senescence and/or abscission. We demonstrated that in FYF subgroup, FYF has both functions in suppressing flower senescence and abscission, FYL1 only suppresses flower abscission and FYL2 has been converted as an activator to promote flower senescence. In SOC1 subgroup, AGL19/AGL14/SOC1 have only one function in suppressing flower senescence. We also found that FYF-like proteins can form heterotetrameric complexes with different combinations of A/E functional proteins (such as AGL6 and SEP1) and AGL15/18-like proteins to perform their functions. These findings greatly expand the current knowledge behind the multifunctional evolution of FYF-like genes and uncover their regulatory network in plants.
Analysis of the potential role of photocurable hydrogel in patient-derived glioblastoma organoid culture through RNA sequencing
Authors: Liang Lun , Cui Run , Zhong Sheng , Wang Zhenning , He Zhenqiang , Duan Hao , Guo Xiaoyu , Lu Jie , Hu Hongrong , Li Chang , Yu Chengwei , Yu Yanjiao , Guo Chengcheng , Mou Yonggao
Published: July 2022

A photocurable hydrogel showed potential application prospects in patient-derived glioblastoma organoid cultures.
Hexadentate technetium-99m bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes: synthesis, characterisation and biodistribution
Authors: Kelderman Cormac A. A. , Davey Patrick R. W. J. , Ma Michelle T. , de Veer Michael , Salimova Ekaterina , Donnelly Paul S. , Paterson Brett M.
Published: July 2022

Hexadentate bis(thiosemicarbazonato)technetium(v) complexes were synthesised, characterised and studied in vivo to demonstrate structural influences on biodistribution.
Pore-confined cobalt sulphide nanoparticles in a metal–organic framework as a catalyst for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Chen You-Liang , Wang Yi-Ching , Chen Yu-Hsiu , Chang Tzu-En , Shen Cheng-Hui , Huang Chi-Wei , Kung Chung-Wei
Published: July 2022

Cobalt sulphide nanoparticles solely confined within the nanopores of a water-stable Zr-based MOF are synthesized by a two-step approach.
Casted MoS2 nanostructures and their Raman properties
Authors: Hao Rui , Li Xiaodie , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Lei , You Hongjun , Fang Jixiang
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been widely investigated for optoelectronic applications.