bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of survivorship bias in observational studies on plasma to red blood cell ratios in massive transfusion for trauma
Authors: Ho A M-H , Dion P W , Yeung J H H , Joynt G M , Lee A , Ng C S H , Chang A , So F L , Cheung C W
Published: December 2011

Background

Observational studies on injured patients requiring massive transfusion have found a survival advantage associated with use of equivalent number of units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed red blood cells (RBCs) compared with use of FFP based on conventional guidelines. However, a survivorship bias might have favoured the higher use of FFP because patients who died early never had the chance to receive sufficient FFP to match the number of RBC units transfused.

Methods

A Markov model using trauma data from local hospitals was constructed and various FFP transfusion scenarios were applied in Monte Carlo simulations in which the relative risk of death associated with exposure to high FFP transfusion was set at 1·00, so that the FFP : RBC ratio had no influence on mortality outcome.

Results

Simulation results showed that the relative risk associated with exposure to high FFP transfusion was less than 1·00 (0·33–0·56 based on programmed delays in achieving an FFP : RBC ratio of 1 : 1–2), thus demonstrating a survivorship bias in favour of FFP : RBC equal to or more than 1 : 1–2 in certain observational trauma studies. This bias was directly proportional to the delay in achieving a FFP : RBC ratio of 1 : 1–2 during resuscitation.

Conclusion

Some observational studies comparing low and high FFP administration in injured patients requiring massive transfusion probably involve survivorship bias that inflates or creates a survival advantage in favour of a higher FFP : RBC ratio.
Management of penetrating neck injuries
Authors: Van Waes O J , Cheriex K C A L , Navsaria P H , van Riet P A , Nicol A J , Vermeulen J
Published: December 2011

Background

Routine surgical exploration after penetrating neck injury (PNI) leads to a large number of negative neck explorations and potential iatrogenic injury. Selective non-operative management (SNOM) of PNI is gaining favour. The present study assessed the feasibility of SNOM in PNI.

Methods

Seventy-seven consecutive patients with PNI presenting to a tertiary trauma centre were included in this prospective study from September 2009 to December 2009. All patients were managed according to Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines, and either underwent emergency surgery or were managed without surgery, based on clinical presentation and/or outcome of special investigations.

Results

Eight patients (10 per cent) were haemodynamically unstable at presentation. Foley catheter balloon tamponade (FCBT) was successful in stopping active bleeding in six of these patients, and diagnostic angiography revealed an arterial injury in five. The remaining 69 patients were managed using SNOM. Angiography or computed tomography was done in 41 patients (53 per cent), and showed arterial injury in 15. These injuries were treated surgically (7 patients), radiologically (stenting in 3) or conservatively. Contrast swallow and/or endoscopy were performed in 37 patients (48 per cent) for suspected oesophageal injury, but yielded no positive results. During follow-up no missed injuries were detected.

Conclusion

FCBT was useful in patients with PNI and active bleeding. Stable patients should undergo additional investigation based on clinical findings only.
Surgical management and outcome of civilian gunshot injuries to the pancreas
Authors: Chinnery G E , Krige J E J , Kotze U K , Navsaria P , Nicol A
Published: December 2011

Background

Pancreatic injuries are uncommon but result in substantial morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the factors associated with morbidity and mortality in civilian patients with pancreatic gunshot wounds.

Methods

This was a single-institution, retrospective review of patients with gunshot wounds of the pancreas treated from 1976 to 2009 in Cape Town, South Africa. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 219 patients (205 male, median age 27 years) had pancreatic American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade I–II (111 patients) and grade III–V (108) gunshot injuries to the pancreatic head (72), neck (8), body (75) and tail (64). The patients underwent 239 laparotomies, including drainage of the pancreas (169), distal pancreatectomy (59) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (11). Some 218 patients had 642 associated intra-abdominal and 91 vascular injuries. Forty-three (19·6 per cent) required an initial damage control procedure. A total of 150 patients (68·5 per cent) had 407 postoperative complications (median 4, range 1–7). The 46 patients (21·0 per cent) who died had a median of 3 (range 1–7) complications. Median (range) intensive care unit and total hospital stay were 5 (1–153) and 11 (1–255) days respectively. Multivariable analyses identified age, high-grade pancreatic injury, associated vascular injuries and need for repeat laparotomy as predictors of morbidity. Age, shock on admission, need for damage control surgery, high-grade pancreatic injuries and associated vascular injuries were significant factors associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Morbidity and mortality rates were high after gunshot injuries to the pancreas. Initial shock and severe injury combined with need for damage control surgery were associated with the highest risk of death.
Imaging vascular trauma
Authors: Patterson B O , Holt P J , Cleanthis M , Tai N , Carrell T , Loosemore T M
Published: December 2011

Background

Over the past 50 years the management of vascular trauma has changed from mandatory surgical exploration to selective non-operative treatment, where possible. Accurate, non-invasive, diagnostic imaging techniques are the key to this strategy. The purpose of this review was to define optimal first-line imaging in patients with suspected vascular injury in different anatomical regions.

Methods

A systematic review was performed of literature relating to radiological diagnosis of vascular trauma over the past decade (2000–2010). Studies were included if the main focus was initial diagnosis of blunt or penetrating vascular injury and more than ten patients were included.

Results

Of 1511 titles identified, 58 articles were incorporated in the systematic review. Most described the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA). The application of duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging/angiography and transoesophageal echocardiography was described, but significant drawbacks were highlighted for each. CTA displayed acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing vascular trauma in blunt and penetrating vascular injury within the neck and extremity, as well as for blunt aortic injury.

Conclusion

Based on the evidence available, CTA should be the first-line investigation for all patients with suspected vascular trauma and no indication for immediate operative intervention.
Non-operative management and immune function after splenic injury
Authors: Skattum J , Naess P A , Gaarder C
Published: December 2011

Background

There is still considerable controversy about the importance and method of preserving splenic function after trauma. Recognition of the immune function of the spleen and the risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection led to the development of spleen-preserving surgery and non-operative management. More recently angiographic embolization has been used to try to reduce failure of conservative management and preserve splenic function.

Methods

A literature review was performed of the changing treatment of splenic injury over the last century, focusing on whether and how to maintain splenic immune function.

Results

Non-operative management continues to be reported as a successful approach in haemodynamically stable patients without other indications for laparotomy, achieving high success rates in both children and adults. Except for haemodynamic instability, reported predictors of failure of conservative treatment should not be seen as absolute contraindications to this approach. Angiographic embolization is generally reported to increase success rates of non-operative management, currently approaching 95 per cent. However, the optimal use of angioembolization is still debated. Splenic immunocompetence after angioembolization remains questionable, although existing studies seem to indicate preserved splenic function.

Conclusion

Non-operative management has become the treatment of choice to preserve splenic immune function. Current knowledge suggests that immunization is unnecessary after angiographic embolization for splenic injury. Identifying a diagnostic test of splenic function will be important for future studies. Most importantly, in efforts to preserve splenic function, care must be taken not to jeopardize patients at risk of bleeding who require early surgery and splenectomy.
Reperfusion strategies in the management of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia
Authors: Percival T J , Rasmussen T E
Published: December 2011

Background

Extremity injury with ischaemia is the most common pattern of vascular trauma and is a challenge for surgeons who must make decisions about the timing and mechanism of limb reperfusion. In modern military conflicts, effective use of limb tourniquets and rapid transport of the injured have increased the number of casualties who reach a medical service with potentially survivable vascular trauma. This report provides a review of extremity ischaemia and reperfusion following vascular trauma.

Methods

A review was undertaken of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, including a focus on adjuncts aimed at reducing reperfusion injury and improving neuromuscular recovery and limb salvage.

Results

Findings from basic and clinical research support the need to restore perfusion to an ischaemic limb as soon as possible in order to achieve optimal neuromuscular recovery. Large-animal studies demonstrate that haemorrhagic shock worsens the impact of ischaemia on the neuromuscular structures of the limb and reduces the ischaemic threshold to as little as 1 h. Surgical adjuncts such as vascular shunts, fasciotomy, regional limb cooling and ischaemic conditioning may reduce the severity of ischaemic injury. Medical therapies have also been described including hypertonic saline, statins and ethyl pyruvate, which reduce the inflammatory response following limb reperfusion.

Conclusion

Contemporary translational research refutes a casual approach to extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, instead emphasizing expedited reperfusion. Surgical and medical adjuncts exist to expedite reperfusion and mitigate reperfusion injury. Additional research and development of these adjuncts is necessary to improve quality or functional limb salvage after vascular trauma.
ChemInform Abstract: Superstructure and Stacking Faults in Hydrothermal‐Grown KBe2BO3F2 Crystals.
Authors: Yu Jinqiu , Liu Lijuan , Jin Shifeng , Zhou Haitao , He Xiaoling , Zhang Changlong , Zhou Weining , Wang Xiaoyang , Chen Xiaolong , Chen Chuangtian
Published: December 2011

Crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally grown and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure Refinement and Bonding Patterns of CrB4: A Boron‐Rich Boride with a Framework of Tetrahedrally Coordinated B Atoms.
Authors: Knappschneider Arno , Litterscheid Christian , Kurzman Joshua , Seshadri Ram , Albert Barbara
Published: December 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared from the elements using iodine as a mineralizer (silica ampule, 1027 °C, 14 d, 90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroelectrochemical Identification of a Pentavalent Uranyl Tetrachloro Complex in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Ogura Toshinari , Takao Koichiro , Sasaki Kotoe , Arai Tsuyoshi , Ikeda Yasuhisa
Published: December 2011

Cyclic voltammetry of [emim]2UVIO2Cl4 in a 50:50 mol% mixture of [emim]Cl and [emim]BF4 at 298 K reveals the formation of [UVO2Cl4]3‐, which is kinetically stable and characterized by UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Rich Phosphides RE5Ir19P12 with Sc5Co19P12 Type Structure.
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: December 2011

Single crystals of the phosphides Ln5Ir19P12 (Ln: Sc, Y, La—Nd, Sm—Lu) are prepared by reaction of the elements in a Bi flux (Ta crucible, 1320 K, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on a Silica—Starch Substrate (PNP‐SSS) as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Heck and Copper‐Free Sonogashira Reactions in Water.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Panahi Farhad
Published: December 2011

The presented highly effective catalyst prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Approach Towards Functionalized γ‐Hydroxy and Heterocyclic Amino Acids.
Authors: Zahoor Ameer F. , Kazmaier Uli
Published: December 2011

A chelated enolate derived from glycine ester (II) undergoes regioselective ring‐ opening with functionalized oxiranes to yield γ‐hydroxy acid derivatives which are easily oxidized to keto compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: C2‐Symmetrical Bipyridyldiols as Promising Enantioselective Catalysts in Nozaki—Hiyama Allylation.
Authors: Huang Xin‐Ren , Pan Xin‐Hong , Lee Gene‐Hsian , Chen Chinpiao
Published: December 2011

Cr‐bipyridinediol efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric NH allylation reactions of both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Optical Pure β‐Nitroalcohols by Combining D‐Aminoacylase‐Catalyzed Nitroaldol Reaction and Immobilized Lipase PS‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Xu Fan , Wang Junliang , Liu Bokai , Wu Qi , Lin Xianfu
Published: December 2011

Nitroalcohols bearing electron‐withdrawing groups are resolved with excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound Assisted Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Aromatics Using Ferric Sulfate as Catalyst.
Authors: Sridharan Anandhi , Gopalakrishnan Geetha
Published: December 2011

An alternative method for the Friedel—Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐1,4‐benzoquinones and Their Use in Diels—Alder Approaches to the Aminonaphthoquinone Antibiotics.
Authors: Nawrat Christopher C. , Lewis William , Moddy Christopher J.
Published: December 2011

Treatment of 2,5‐dimethoxyanilines with PhI(OAc)2 or PhI(O‐CO‐CF3)2 allows simple and convenient access to 2‐aminobenzoquinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of ortho‐C(sp2)—H Bonds of Benzylamide Substrates with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Zhao Yingsheng , Chen Gong
Published: December 2011

Various iodides can be used for a successful alkylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 229. An Efficient Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones from Alkenes and Aryl Sulfinates.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Lingaiah Maram , Damodar Kongara , Bhunia Nisith
Published: December 2011

Starting from terminal alkenes, a simple synthesis of vinyl sulfones is developed via addition of intermediate arylsulfonyl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Scope of the Cu‐Assisted Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Crowley Brendan M. , Potteiger Craig M. , Deng James Z. , Prier Christopher K. , Paone Daniel V. , Burgey Christopher S.
Published: December 2011

The addition of stoichiometric amounts of CuCl efficiently improves the coupling of aryl chlorides and of polyhalo or hindered arylboronates to give higher yields in a shorter time.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Preparation of Arylindium Reagents from Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides.
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: December 2011

The arylindium compounds (II) undergo cross‐coupling with aryl iodides which allows efficient access to a wide range of biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Reactions of ω‐Arylalkanols to α,ω‐Diarylalkanes.
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Anno Yuka , Okamoto Ryuhei , Matsu‐ura Toyomi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: December 2011

A novel general synthesis of α,ω‐diarylalkanes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Aryl Chlorides und Mild Conditions Promoted by Organic Ionic Bases.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Zhao Yong‐Qiang , Zhou Xin‐Feng
Published: December 2011

The title reaction allows an efficient access to a number of stilbene and styrene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Bromosuccinimide Promoted Cyclization of β‐Carboxymethyl Enamino Esters: Synthesis of Functionalized 4‐Amino‐2(5H)‐furanones.
Authors: Toum Valerie , Kadouri‐Puchot Catherine , Hamon Louis , Lhommet Gerard , Mouries‐Mansuy Virginie , Vanucci‐Bacque Corinne , Dechoux Luc
Published: December 2011

Bromocyclization of diesters (I) and (VI) affords furanone structures bearing one ester function.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐ and Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Arylfurans by One‐Flask Heck Arylation/Oxidation.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Geissler Diana
Published: December 2011

A new route to 2,5‐disubstituted furans is presented starting from simple diallyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization/Enantioselective Intramolecular Alder‐Ene Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Okamoto Ryuichi , Okazaki Eri , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: December 2011

Treatment of substrates (I), (III), and (V) according to A) or B) allows an enantioselective access to dihydrobenzofuran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: On‐Water Vinylogous Mukaiyama—Michael Addition of Heterocyclic 2‐Silyloxydienes to 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes: One‐Pot Three‐Step Entry to Functionality‐Rich Pyrroles.
Authors: Battistini Lucia , Dell'Amico Luca , Sartori Andrea , Curti Claudio , Pelosi Giorgio , Casirgahi Giovanni , Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Zanardi Franca
Published: December 2011

The title reaction sequence affords densely substituted pyrrole‐carboxylates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intermolecular Rauhut—Currier Reaction of Electron‐Deficient Allenes with Maleimides.
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Yi , Pei Cheng‐Kui , Guan Xiao‐Yang , Shi Min
Published: December 2011

In the presence of the quinidine‐derived β‐isocupreidine as organocatalyst, the products are obtained with good to high e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of Bis(sulfonamide)‐Diamine Ligand for a Cu(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Xincheng , Wu Fan , Wan Boshun
Published: December 2011

With aliphatic nitroalkenes, moderate yields and enantioselectivity are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Alkenylboronic Acids to Indole‐Appended Enones.
Authors: Lundy Brian J. , Jansone‐Popova Santa , May Jeremy A.
Published: December 2011

It is found that (R)‐3,3‐I2‐BINOL and the derivative (R)‐BIN efficiently promote the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and n‐Type Field‐Effect Transistor Characteristics of Dioxopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Suna Yuki , Nishida Jun‐ichi , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Yamashita Yoshiro
Published: December 2011

Dioxopyrrolopyrrole derivatives (III) and (V) are applied to organic field‐effect transistors as n‐channel semiconductors.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael/Mannich Polycyclization Cascade of Indolyl Enones Catalyzed by Quinine‐Derived Primary Amines.
Authors: Cai Quan , Zheng Chao , Zhang Jun‐Wei , You Shu‐Li
Published: December 2011

An intramolecular cascade Michael addition—Mannich reaction of indolyl methyl enones (I) and (V) is smoothly achieved in the presence of an epi‐quinine‐derived organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Screening of New Pyrazole (VI) and Pyrazoline‐5‐one Derivatives (III).
Authors: Nagaraju V. , Srinivasulu R. , Doraswamy K. , Ramana P. Venkata
Published: December 2011

Compounds (IIId‐f) and (VIf) exhibit moderate to good antibacterial activities against S.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(4‐Nitrophenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole vs. 5(6)‐Nitrobenzofuroxan Formation and Their Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Jain Manvi , Sharma Maneesh , Gaur Manoj , Ashok Tara Devi S. , Dureja P. , Eswaran S. V.
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of triazole derivatives (III) via Cu‐catalyzed “click” reaction of corresponding nitrophenylazides (I) with phenylacetylene is attempted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles Containing Fluorophenyl and Trifluoromethanephenyl Moieties.
Authors: Wong Fung Fuh , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

An 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition yields a series of triazoles by reaction of aldehydes (I) and (IV) with hydrazonoylchlorides (II) and hydroxylamine in the presence of a basic agent.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization with [RuH(codyl)2]BF4 Catalyst Precursor.
Authors: Li Wenbo , Arokiam Percia B. , Fischmeister Cedric , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: December 2011

The presented cross‐coupling reaction strongly depends on the nature of both substrates and proceeds without formation of any metal‐salt waste.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Reaction of Isatins with Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals: Synthesis of Imidazopyrroloquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Fuchao , Yan Shengjiao , Hu Ling , Wang Yongchao , Lin Jun
Published: December 2011

The reaction allows a simple and efficient access to biologically important imidazopyrroloquinoline and related compounds (27 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of a Series of New N‐Alkyl‐3‐hydroxypiperidine Derivatives Containing a Hemiketal.
Authors: Wang Haibo , Luo Hairong , Ma Xiaofeng , Zou Wei , Shao Huawu
Published: December 2011

Title compounds (II) containing a five‐membered hemiketal are stereoselectively synthesized from acetylmethyl sugars (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Reactions of Diazocarbonyl Compounds with Pyridinium Aroylmethylides Accompanied by Water or Benzoic Acid Elimination in the Cyclocondensation Step.
Authors: Dorokhov D. V. , Platonov D. N. , Suponitsky K. Yu. , Tomilov Yu. V.
Published: December 2011

The title reaction proceeds as a multistep process involving three ylide molecules and one diazo compound molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyrazolines and Pyrimidines Derived from Polymethoxy Chalcones as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Rostom Sherif A. F. , Badr Mona H. , Abd El Razik Heba A. , Ashour Hayama M. A. , Abdel Wahab Abeer E.
Published: December 2011

Chalcones (I) and (XI) are chosen as precursors for the synthesis of twentytwo derived pyrazole, pyrimidine, and thiazolopyrimidine ring structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 2‐Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Deshmukh M. B. , Patil Suresh , Jadhav S. D. , Mane S. Y.
Published: December 2011

starting from 3‐arylquinazoline‐2‐thiones such as (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Convenient Syntheses of Fluorine‐Containing Pyrido[2,3‐h]quinazolines and 1,7‐Phenanthrolines by Condensation Reactions of 6,8‐Bis(trifluoroacetyl)quinolin‐5‐amine with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Hinoshita Mamoru , Shibata Dai , Hatakenaka Mizuki , Okada Etsuji
Published: December 2011

A two‐step sequence involving the condensation of quinolin‐5‐amine (I) with aldehydes and ammonia followed by dehydrogenation with DDQ allows the synthesis of pyridoquinazolines (V), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Biotransformation of a Taxadiene by Ginkgo Cell Cultures and the Tumor Multi‐Drug Resistant Reversal Activities of the Metabolites.
Authors: Xie Dan , Zhang Yi , Zou Jianhua , Yin Dali , Chen Xiaoguang , Dai Jungui
Published: December 2011

Biotransformation of 2α,5α,10β‐triacetoxy‐14‐oxa‐taxa‐4(20),11‐diene by cultured Gingko cells affords three new metabolites (I)—(III) along with a known taxadiene derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Chenodeoxycholic Acid Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives.
Authors: Qiu Liying , Shi Zhichuan , Mei Qinggang , Zhao Zhigang
Published: December 2011

Some of the title thiosemicarbazone derivatives (III) possess good inhibitory activities against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Structures and Hepatoprotective Effects of Constituents from the Leaves of Salacia chinensis.
Authors: Nakamura Seikou , Zhang Yi , Matsuda Hisashi , Ninomiya Kiyofumi , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: December 2011

Eight new glycosides, foliachinenoside G (I), F (V), E (VI), I (VIIa), H (VIIb) and foliasalacioside J (II), K (III) and L (IV) are isolated along with 26 known constituents from the methanolic extract of title shrub leaves.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acyclovir and HBG Analogues Having Nicotinonitrile and Its 2‐Methoxy 1,2,3‐Triazole.
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed H. , El‐Sayed Hassan A. , Haikal Abd El‐Fattah Z. , El Ashry El Sayed H.
Published: December 2011

A series of title compounds of type (III) and (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (Cladribine) (CdA).
Authors: Xu Shaohong , Yao Peng , Chen Gairong , Wang Hui
Published: December 2011

A new efficient synthesis of cladribine (VI) is presented, which is a deaminase‐resistant drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporation of Pyridazine Rings in the Structure of Functionalized π‐Conjugated Materials.
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Ple Nelly , Turck Alain
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2 Chemistry: Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids for CO2 Capture/Activation and Subsequent Conversion.
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Zhao Ya‐Nan , He Liang‐Nian
Published: December 2011

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperbranched Glycoconjugated Polymers
Authors: Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji
Published: December 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,10‐ and 13,14‐Secosteroids
Authors: Khripach V. A. , Zhabinskii V. N. , de Groot Ae.
Published: December 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylprolinol Derivatives in Organocatalysis from Another Point of View: Structural Aspects
Authors: Marques‐Lopez Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P.
Published: December 2011

Review: 194 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry: 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Pharmacophores
Authors: Agalave Sandip G. , Maujan Suleman R. , Pore Vandana S.
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Substituted‐2,4‐pentanedionates: Ligands for Photoactive Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Olivier Jean‐Hubert , Harrowfield Jack , Ziessel Raymond
Published: December 2011

Review: syntheses and applications; 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Polypeptide‐Based Copolymers into Diverse Aggregates
Authors: Cai Chunhua , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping
Published: December 2011

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Thiopyran Route to Polypropionates
Authors: Ward Dale E.
Published: December 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Regulation of Muscle Stem Cells by “Quiescence Genes”
Authors: Fukada So‐ichiro
Published: December 2011

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Sorbicillinoid Family of Natural Products: Isolation, Biosynthesis, and Synthetic Studies
Authors: Harned Andrew M. , Volp Kelly A.
Published: December 2011

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Roles of ATP Receptors in the Regulation of Various Functions in Spinal Microglia
Authors: Morioka Norimitsu
Published: December 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Elucidation of Carbohydrate Functions in Cell Membranes — Development of Molecular Tool Containing Carbohydrate Ligand and Elucidation of Interface Phenomena of Glycolipid
Authors: Ohtsuka Isao
Published: December 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered Patterns and Structures via Interfacial Self‐Assembly: Superlattices, Honeycomb Structures and Coffee Rings
Authors: Ma Hongmin , Hao Jingcheng
Published: December 2011

Review: 247 refs.
Facile Synthesis of 5‐Trifluoromethyl‐2,4‐disubstituted Oxazoles via a Copper(II)‐Catalyzed and TBHP/I2‐Mediated Tandem Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Wei Song , Yu Haigang , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: December 2011

In the presence of Cu(OAc)2·H2O, a variety of 5‐trifluoromethyl‐2,4‐disubstituted oxazoles were easily synthesized via t‐BuOOH (TBHP)/I2‐mediated tandem oxidative cyclization from readily available starting materials aryl methanamines and α‐trifluoroacetyl‐substituted ketones or esters under mild conditions. The mechanism was proposed.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Benzo[1,2‐f:5,4‐f′]‐diquinoline Derivatives: A Remarkably Strong Intramolecular CH···O Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Zhang Chun , Peng Xiaoxia , Chen Chuanfeng
Published: December 2011

A series of benzo[1,2‐f:5,4‐f′]diquinoline derivatives were synthesized starting from 2,7‐diaminoanthracene, and their structures were determined by NMR, MS spectra and X‐ray analysis. They showed a remarkably strong intramolecular CH···O hydrogen bond, which resulted in an unexpected downfield chemical shift of the aromatic proton in CDCl3. Moreover, a significant fluorescent change of molecule 1b in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was also observed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminofluorination of Styrenes
Authors: Xu Tao , Qiu Shuifa , Liu Guosheng
Published: December 2011

A novel palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative aminofluorination of styrenes has been developed by using NFSI as fluorinating reagent. This reaction represented an efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐aryl‐3‐fluoropyrrolidine derivatives.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Acylation/Coupling Cyclization Process for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Fused Imidazo[2,1‐‐b][1,3]thiazinones
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Yu Bin , Zhang Xiuqin , Sun Xiaoqiang , Bao Weiliang
Published: December 2011

A new and efficient cascade synthesis of polycyclic fused imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinones has been developed. This protocol includes an intermolecular N‐acylation followed by a copper‐catalyzed intramolecular CS coupling reaction. The methodology is applied to a wide range of 2‐iodo, 2‐bromo, and 2‐chloro benzoyl chlorides to yield the polycyclic fused imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinones in good to excellent yields.
Synthesis and Structural Determination of a Novel Heterometallic Complex [Sb2(edta)2‐µ4‐Co(H2O)2]·5.15H2O
Authors: Zhong Guoqing , Shen Juan , Jiang Qiying , Yu Kaibai
Published: December 2011

The novel three‐dimension edta‐linked (edta=ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetate) heterometallic complex [Sb2(edta)2‐µ4‐Co(H2O)2]·5.15H2O has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR spectrum, X‐ray diffraction analyses and thermogravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC). The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, lattice parameters: a=0.69969(2) nm, b=2.08705(4) nm, c=1.08106(2) nm, β=90.031(1)°, V=1.57866(6) nm3, Z=2, Mr=1007.76, Dc=2.120 g·cm−3, F(000)=1001, µ=2.323 mm−1, the final R=0.0235 and wR=0.0629 for 3480 observed reflections [I>2δ(I)]. In the structure each Co(II) ion is connected with Sb(III) ions bridging by four carboxylic oxygen atoms, and in each [Sb(edta)]− anion, the Sb(III) ion is six coordinated by two nitrogen and four oxygen from edta ions, together with a lone electron pair at the equatorial position. In the complex, the coordination number of Co(II) ion is six and its coordination environment is composed of four carboxylic oxygen atoms from four different edta ions and two oxygen atoms from two H2O molecules. The degradation of the sample proceeds in several steps and the water molecules and ligands are successively emited.
Hydrogen Bond Networks of Three Cobalt Coordination Polymers Based on Bis(triazole) and Benzenebiscarboxylate Isomers
Authors: Qian Xin , Wang Ju , Cui Yanfeng , Li Baolong , Li Haiyan
Published: December 2011

Three hydrogen bond networks of cobalt(II) coordination polymers {[Co(btp)2(H2O)2]·2(1,2‐Hbdc)·2H2O}n (1), {[Co(btp)(1,3‐bdc)(H2O)]·1.5H2O}n (2) and {[Co(btp)2(H2O)2]·(1,4‐bdc)}n (3) were synthesized by 1,3‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propane (btp) and benzenedicarboxylate position isomers. Complex 1 is comprised of [Co(btp)2(H2O)]n2n+ 1D cation chains, 1,2‐Hbdc− anions and lattice water molecules. The structure of 2 is an undulated 2D (4,4) network. Two adjacent networks interpenetrate each other to form a new 2D double‐layers network which is sustained by the hydrogen bond interactions in 2. Complex 3 is comprised of [Co(btp)2(H2O)]n2n+ 1D cation chains and 1,4‐bdc2− anions. These [Co(btp)2(H2O)]n2n+ 1D cations and 1,2‐Hbdc−/1,4‐bdc2− anions form 2D hydrogen bond networks in 1 and 3. The thermal stabilities of 1, 2 and 3 were investigated.
Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Allylic‐β‐hydroxyesters and Fluoroalkylated β,γ‐Epoxy Esters from Ethyl 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐pentenoate
Authors: Fang Xiang , Xiong Ying , Wang Qiong , Zhao Min , Wu Fanhong
Published: December 2011

A sequential transformation of fluoroalkylated adducts obtained from ethyl 3‐hydroxy‐4‐pentenoate with fluorinated iodides was reported. The dehydrohalogenation of adducts was favored to give fluoroalkylated unsaturated β‐hydroxy esters in the presence of triethylamine. And intramolecular SN2 reaction products, fluoroalkylated β,γ‐epoxy esters, were obtained in 10% aqueous sodium carbonate solution.
Dynamics of the aortic arch submitted to a shock loading: Parametric study with fluid‐structure models
Authors: El Baroudi A. , Razafimahery F. , Rakotomanana L.
Published: December 2011

This work aims to present some fluid‐structure models for analyzing the dynamics of the aorta during a brusque loading. Indeed, various lesions may appear at the aortic arch during car crash or other accident such as brusque falling. Aortic stresses evolution are simulated during the shock at the cross section and along the aorta. One hot question was that if a brusque deceleration can generate tissue tearing, or a shock is necessary to provoke such a damage. Different constitutive laws of blood are then tested whereas the aorta is assumed linear and elastic. The overall shock model is inspired from an experimental jig. We show that the viscosity has strong influence on the stress and parietal moments and forces. The nonlinear viscosity has no significant additional effects for healthy aorta, but modifies the stress and parietal loadings for the stenotic aorta. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization schemes and performance evaluation of Smith–Waterman algorithm on CPU, GPU and FPGA
Authors: Zou Dan , Dou Yong , Xia Fei
Published: December 2011

With fierce competition between CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms, performance evaluation has become the focus of various sectors. In this paper, we take a well‐known algorithm in the field of biosequence matching and database searching, the Smith–Waterman (S‐W) algorithm as an example, and demonstrate approaches that fully exploit its performance potentials on CPU, GPU, and field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) computing platforms. For CPU platforms, we perform two optimizations, single instruction, multiple data and multithread, with compiler options, to gain over 70 × speedups over naive CPU versions on quad‐core CPU platforms. For GPU platforms, we propose the combination of coalesced global memory accesses, shared memory tiles, and loop unfolding, achieving 50 × speedups over initial GPU versions on an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470 card. Experimental results show that the GPU GTX 470 gains 12 × speedups, instead of 100 × reported by some studies, over Intel quadcore CPU Q9400, under the same manufacturing technology and both with fully optimized schemes. In addition, for FPGA platforms, we customize a linear systolic array for the S‐W algorithm in a 45‐nm FPGA chip from Xilinx (XC6VLX760), with up to 1024 processing elements. Under only 133 MHz clock rate, the FPGA platform reaches the highest performance and becomes the most power‐efficient platform, using only 25 W compared with 190 W of the GPU GTX 470. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationships between Socio‐demographic Variables and Concerns about Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Park Sang‐June , Choi Sungchul , Kim Eun‐Jeong
Published: December 2011

Researchers have studied many variables to understand consumer behavior and the choices consumers make, with regard to environmentally friendly products. Past research has tried to find the relationships between socio‐demographic variables and preferences for environmentally sustainable products. The findings, however, are still relatively mixed, especially those concerning income; previous results are far from being conclusive in that past studies have found income to be negatively, positively, and insignificantly related to green consumer choices. This study investigates why the previous empirical studies of income are so varied, and, using an empirical study, demonstrates that the inconsistency of earlier findings might come from the non‐linear relationship between income variables and environmental concern. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Advancing evidence in preterm neonatal medicine
Authors: Donahue Pamela K. , Robinson Karen A.
Published: December 2011

Few interventions and treatments for premature infants have undergone the rigors of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the cornerstone of evidence‐based healthcare. Multiple barriers in establishing a quality evidence base for the care of preterm infants are examined including the systematic exclusion of children from drug trials, vulnerability of the infants, burden to families of the consent process for RCTs, and the lack of standard measurements and subgroup definitions that impede systematic reviews. Delays in getting evidence into practice are highlighted, including clinician knowledge of existing evidence, attitudes about the evidence, and behavior. Landmark trials are used as examples. Finally, a call for the research community to develop guidance on good clinical research practice for preterm infants is offered that will allow the synthesis of the totality of evidence. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:289–295.
Kindergarten readiness after prematurity: Integrating health, development, and behavioral functioning to optimize educational outcomes of vulnerable children
Authors: Bauer Sarah C. , Msall Michael E.
Published: December 2011

In the past 20 years, many advances (e.g., maternal steroids and surfactant) have changed the course of neonatal medicine. As a result, extremely preterm infants survive medical complications that were previously fatal. Once they are discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit, preterm infants may continue to experience a spectrum of medical and developmental challenges, and their families are faced with the potentially daunting task of nurturing a vulnerable child. Families may be referred to multiple systems of care, including primary care physicians, pediatric subspecialists, and early intervention services. The ultimate goal for preterm infants is to optimize their motor, communicative, social‐emotional, and adaptive development as well as to promote their learning at home, at school, and in the community. As children transition to school, key indicators of their functional status include the amount of developmental, educational, habilitative, and behavioral supports they require to participate in learning activities with their peers. Success may be measured by whether preterm infants are ready for large‐group learning with peers and the extent of supports required to make this important transition. The purpose of this review is to describe what is known about certain indicators of school readiness in preterm infants, including neurodevelopmental impairments, social‐emotional skills, and social factors. We conclude with guidelines for using this transition as an important indicator of developmental trajectories that may help us to better understand risk and resilience in this vulnerable population of children. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:313–322.
Pathogenesis, neuroimaging and management in children with cerebral palsy born preterm
Authors: Hoon Alexander H. , Vasconcellos Faria Andreia
Published: December 2011

With advances in obstetric and perinatal management, the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants has declined, while periventricular leukomalacia remains a significant concern. It is now known that brain injury in children born preterm also involves neuronal‐axonal disease in supratentorial and infratentorial structures. The developing brain is especially vulnerable to white matter (WM) injury from 23 to 34 weeks gestation when blood vessels serving the periventricular WM are immature. Oligodendrocyte progenitors, which are beginning to form myelin during this time, are susceptible to attack from oxygen free radicals, glutamate, and inflammatory cytokines. Advances in imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging provide a more complete picture of the location and extent of injury. Effective management of children born preterm with cerebral palsy is predicated on an understanding of sequential links from etiological antecedents to brain neuropathology as revealed with neuroimaging techniques to clinical phenotypes, toward focused interventions with measurable outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:302–312.
Structure change of PTFE by low‐energy ion irradiation. Restraint of structure collapse by crosslinking structures
Authors: Watari Kunio , Iwao Toru , Yumoto Motoshige
Published: December 2011

The authors irradiated PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) with low‐energy nitrogen ions (100 eV) for surface modification. However, PTFE cannot be expected to show improvement in adhesive strength because it is a degradation‐prone polymer and surface fatigue is produced by ion irradiation. We focused on cross‐linked structure to solve this problem. PTFE was changed from a degradation‐prone polymer into a cross‐linked polymer by raising the temperature above the glass‐transition temperature during ion irradiation. As a result, the formation of CF3 bonds was inhibited and degradation was prevented by ion irradiation above the glass‐transition temperature. In addition, combined consideration of the C1s spectrum and the density profile suggests that a cross‐linked structure is effective for improvement of adhesive strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 1–7, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21225
What do plasma beta‐endorphin levels reveal about endogenous opioid analgesic function?
Authors: Bruehl S. , Burns J.W. , Chung O.Y. , Chont M.
Published: December 2011

Plasma levels of beta‐endorphin (BE), an endogenous opioid analgesic, are often reported as they relate to acute and chronic pain outcomes. However, little is known about what resting plasma BE levels might reveal about functioning of the endogenous opioid antinociceptive system. This study directly examined associations between resting plasma BE and subsequent endogenous opioid analgesic responses to acute pain in 39 healthy controls and 37 individuals with chronic low back pain (LBP). Resting baseline levels of plasma BE were assessed. Next, participants received opioid blockade (8 mg naloxone i.v.) or placebo in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants then underwent two acute pain stimuli: finger pressure (FP) pain and ischaemic (ISC) forearm pain. Blockade effects (naloxone minus placebo pain ratings) were derived to index endogenous opioid analgesic function. In placebo condition analyses for both pain stimuli, higher resting BE levels were associated with subsequently greater reported pain intensity (p's < 0.05), with this effect occurring primarily in healthy controls (BE × Participant Type interactions, p's < 0.05). In blockade effect analyses across both pain tasks, higher resting plasma BE predicted less subsequent endogenous opioid analgesia (smaller blockade effects; p's < 0.05). For the ISC task, these links were significantly more prominent in LBP participants (BE × Participant Type Interactions, p's < 0.05). Results suggest that elevated resting plasma BE may be a potential biomarker for reduced endogenous opioid analgesic capacity, particularly among individuals with chronic pain. Potential clinical implications are discussed.
Within‐session sensitization and between‐session habituation: A robust physiological response to repetitive painful heat stimulation
Authors: May A. , Rodriguez‐Raecke R. , Schulte A. , Ihle K. , Breimhorst M. , Birklein F. , Jürgens T.P.
Published: December 2011

Habituation and sensitization are important behavioural responses to repeated exposure of painful stimuli. Whereas within‐session response dynamics to nociceptive stimuli is well characterized, little is known about long‐term behaviour due to repetitive nociceptive stimulation. We used a standardized longitudinal heat pain paradigm in 66 healthy participants, 21 patients with chronic low back pain and 22 patients with depression who received daily sessions of 60 suprathreshold heat stimuli (48 °C each) for eight consecutive days. All three groups showed the same response: Repeated painful stimulation over several days resulted in substantially decreased pain ratings to identical painful stimuli. The decreased perception of pain over time was associated with a very robust increase in pain ratings in each single pain session, i.e., all participants sensitized within sessions and habituated between sessions. This uniform pattern was equally present in all examined groups. Chronic pain and depression do not seem to interfere with short‐term sensitization and long‐term habituation in this model of repetitive phasic heat pain.
Emotion‐focused coping and distraction: Sex differences in the influence of anxiety sensitivity during noxious heat stimulation
Authors: Thompson T. , Keogh E. , Chen M. J.‐L. , French C. C.
Published: December 2011

While previous research has indicated that the relative efficacy of attentional strategies on pain may be influenced by anxiety sensitivity (AS) and sex, no study appears to have examined this within the context of an emotion‐focus versus distraction paradigm. The present study compared the effect of attentional emotion‐focus and distraction instructions on pain response with noxious heat stimulation in 114 healthy adults (62 women and 52 men) varying in levels of AS. Results indicated that men reported a significantly higher mean tolerance time than women. Moderated regression analysis also revealed a significant strategy × anxiety sensitivity × sex interaction on pain tolerance. For those low in AS, relative efficacy was dependent upon sex, with distraction superior to emotion‐focusing in women, but with strategies equivalent in men. For those high in AS, however, distraction resulted in uniformly greater pain tolerance than attentional emotion‐focusing. These results indicate that AS and sex may be influential in determining the relative effectiveness of distraction and emotion‐based attentional strategies for pain management.