bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory and Reference Prices: An Application to Rental Choice
Authors: Bordalo Pedro , Gennaioli Nicola , Shleifer Andrei
Published: May 2019

Loewenstein and Simonsohn (2006) found that movers across US cities anchor their rental choices to rents in the city of origin, but subsequently converge to comparable local households. We explain this finding using the authors' (2019) model of memory and attention. Rents in the destination city cue recall of “normal” rents in the city of origin, making the former surprisingly high or low, causing movers to under- or overspend, respectively. Over time, experience with new city rents allows the memory database to adapt, and the effect fades away. The model yields two new predictions, for which we find supportive evidence.
Bringing Satellite-Based Air Quality Estimates Down to Earth
Authors: Fowlie Meredith , Rubin Edward , Walker Reed
Published: May 2019

We use state-of-the-art, satellite-based PM 2.5 data products to assess the extent to which the Environmental Protection Agency's existing, monitor-based measurements over- or underestimate true exposure to PM 2.5 pollution. Treating satellite-based estimates as truth implies a substantial number of “policy errors”--overregulating areas that are in compliance with the air quality standards and under-regulating other areas that appear to be in violation. We investigate the health implications of these apparent errors. We also highlight the importance of accounting for prediction error in satellite-based estimates. Once prediction errors are accounted for, conclusions with regards to “policy errors” become substantially more uncertain.
The Burgeoning Health Care Needs of Aging Prisoners
Authors: Bavafa Hessam , Mukherjee Anita
Published: May 2019

We estimate the increasing health care needs of American inmates by combining data on inmate demographics and national health trends. Decades of harsh punishment combined with demographic shifts have led to a “greying” prison population that is a source of concern for policymakers. Our estimates reveal that inmate health care needs are significant and growing beyond what is predicted by their age profile. While the fraction of inmates aged 40 or more increased by 49 percent between 1996 and 2004, the prevalence of medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and cancer among inmates grew between 177 and 268 percent.
Drug Violence, Immigration Enforcement, and Selectivity: Evidence from Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Gonzalez-Lozano Heriberto , Orozco-Aleman Sandra
Published: May 2019

We study how drug violence in Mexico and internal immigration enforcement in the United States affect the selectivity of Mexican immigrants. We find that violence is associated with an increase in English proficiency among immigrants. Furthermore, the deterrence effect of interior enforcement varies: it is associated with increases in the probability of observing undocumented immigrants with prior migration experience, who are English proficient and have higher unobservable abilities. Those factors are associated with a higher probability of finding a job, and higher productivity and earnings in the US labor market.
Optimal Information Design for Search Goods
Authors: Choi Michael , Kim Kyungmin , Pease Marilyn
Published: May 2019

We consider a monopoly pricing problem in which a consumer with an uncertain valuation of a search good receives a signal of value before deciding whether to visit the seller. She discovers her true value upon visiting and before purchase. We characterize the consumer-optimal and seller-worst signals in such an environment and deliver two main insights. First, both the consumer-optimal and seller-worst signals generate a unit-elastic demand. Second, the two signals coincide if and only if visitation costs are sufficiently small.
Advanced diagnosis of vibriosis among some marine fishes in lake Temsah, Egypt
Authors: EISSA IAM , ABOU-ELGHEIT S. N. , DESSUKI A. A. , HASSANIN A.A.I. , MOSTAFA L. T.
Published: May 2019

Vibriosis is a serious disease affecting marine water fishes. The present study was applied on 320 marine fishes of four equal different species (Sparus auratus, Mugil cephalus, Mugil seheli and Tilapia zillii) each 80. Fishes were collected seasonally and randomly from Lake Temsah in Ismailia governorate from September2015 to August 2016. The signs and lesions of severe septicemia, hemorrhages and ulcerations were observed among the examined fishes. Isolated bacteria were observed as yellow and green pigmented colonies on TCBS media, and as creamy colored colonies on TSA media with 2.5% NaCl concentration. The causative agent was identified as vibrio sp. Concerning gene expression, most isolates were molecularly identified using the pvsA gene primers giving a product size of 338-bp size and 348-bp for V. alginolyticus and V. parahemolyticus respectively. The highest prevalence of vibriosis was recorded in T. zillii (63.75%), M.seheli (37.5%) then M.cephalus and Sparus auratus (28.75%) while the total prevalence was (39.69%). The highest seasonal prevalence was recorded in summer (81.25%) followed by spring (35%) then autumn (23.75%) and winter (18.75%). The highest prevalence of organ specifity was in liver, kidneys then spleen and gills. The histopathological studies showed activation of melanomacrophage centers, degeneration, necrosis and congestion in liver, kidney, spleen, and gills.
The healing effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells and aquatic activity in Achilles tendon injury
Authors: SHEIKHANI-SHAHIN H. , MEHRABANI D. , ASHRAF M. J. , RAJABI H. , NOROUZIAN M. , RAHMANIFAR F. , DEHGHANI NAZHVANI S. , ZARE S.
Published: May 2019

The common treatment recommended for Achilles tendon rupture as the most common tendon injury during exercise is surgical intervention, while it eventually causes various clinical problems. This study assessed the healing effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and aquatic activities in Achilles tendon injury. Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. Group 1 underwent aquatic activity, 72 h after a crush lesion formed on Achilles tendon, group 2 received 1×106 intra-articular BMSCs post-tendon injury, group 3 had aquatic activity together with BMSCs transplantation after tendon damage, group 4 just experienced tendon injury without any treatment intervention and group 5 was considered as the control group while did not undergo any tendon injury and did not receive any treatment measure. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the tendons were transferred in 10% formalin for histological evaluation. There was a significant increase in fibroblast number in group 3 in comparison to other groups. However, there was a significant increase in collagen deposition in groups 2, 3 and 5 in comparison to group 1 and 4. A significant decrease was noted for cellularity in group 2 when compared to groups 1 and 4. Regarding tendon diameter in group 3; a significant healing was observed when compared to groups 2, 4 and 5. It was shown that aquatic activity together with cell transplantation was an effective therapeutic measure enhancing the healing in tendon injuries. These findings can open a window in sport medicine in treatment of tendon injuries.
Structural, functional and docking analysis against Schistosoma mansoni dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for potential chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Otarigho Benson
Published: May 2019

Background:Praziquantel, as the only drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis, is under serious threat due to the emergence of resistant strains ofSchistosomaspecies. There is an urgent need to search for alternative chemotherapy to supplement or complement praziquantel.Schistosomadihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) has been recommended as a druggable target for schistosomiasis chemotherapy. The development of novel molecular modeling approaches, alongside with computational tools and rapid sequencing of pathogen genomes, have facilitated drug discovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to employ computational approaches to screen compounds againstSchistosoma mansoniDHODH.

Methods:In this study, DHODH was used to blast on the latest version of DrugBank that contained 12,110 compounds, resulting in 26 drugs that can bind.

Results:In silicodocking shows that 13 drugs can bind strongly with an estimated free energy of binding, total intermolecular energy and estimated inhibition constant (Ki) greater than or equal to -8.6 kcal/mol, -8.12 kcal/mol and 1.12 µM, respectively. These compounds include the approved drugs manitimus, capecitabine, brequinar analog and leflunomide.

Conclusions:These results indicate that these drugs have the potential for use in the control of schistosomiasis in the future.
Telomere length as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Kim Gangmi , Lee Kang Young
Published: May 2019

Background: Telomeres are protective structures at both ends of a chromosome, which consist of repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG). Maintenance of telomere length is known to have important roles in carcinogenesis. However, there is no consensus about the prognostic role of telomere length in colorectal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using Pubmed and EMBASE as information sources through April 2019. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating telomere length and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Selected studies were reviewed to reevaluate the significance of telomere length in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to summarize the previous studies, to find consistent results, and to suggest future research.

Results: In total, 12 studies were identified and 1955 patients were included from 2004 to 2019. Among 10 studies with tissue samples, two studies revealed better prognosis in patients with longer telomere length, and only stage IV patients were recruited in these two studies; four studies revealed better prognosis in patients with shorter telomere length or lower ratio of telomere length between cancer and normal tissue; four studies did not show any significant association between tumor length and prognosis. Two studies with blood samples presented contradictory results regarding the correlation between telomere length and survival rate.

Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence to prove the prognostic value of telomere length in colorectal cancer. However, in a subgroup with the metastatic disease only, longer telomere length of tumor tissue was significantly associated with superior prognosis. Multicenter prospective studies with a large sample size are needed to verify the prognostic value of telomere length in colorectal cancer.
Negative Space Theory
Authors: 薛 建平
Published: May 2019

It is necessary to continue the research on the formation mechanism of gravitation, the formation mechanism of black hole, the formation mechanism of mass, and the mechanism of symmetry breaking. This study is dedicated to establish a new theory, and compare this new theory with the existing theory, testing self-consistency and rationality of this new theory. Based on the observed physical facts, the negative space theory is be put forward according to the principle of scale conservation and spatial discontinuity, that is, space expansion produces positive space and Huazi, and there is a trap field around Huazi. Comparison results show that the negative space theory can better reveal the above physical mechanism, and changed the previous understanding of these physical mechanism, open up a new research direction.
Usefulness of Deep Learning Analysis for the Diagnosis of Malignancy in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Kuwahara Takamichi , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Okuno Nozomi , Matsumoto Shimpei , Obata Masahiro , Kurita Yusuke , Koda Hiroki , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Onishi Sachiyo , Ishihara Makoto , Tanaka Tsutomu , Tajika Masahiro , Niwa Yasumasa
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursor lesions of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a mathematical concept whose implementation automates learning and recognizing data patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AI via deep learning algorithms using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images of IPMNs could predict malignancy.

METHODS:

This retrospective study involved the analysis of patients who underwent EUS before pancreatectomy and had pathologically confirmed IPMNs in a single cancer center. In total, 3,970 still images were collected and fed as input into the deep learning algorithm. AI value and AI malignant probability were calculated.

RESULTS:

The mean AI value of malignant IPMNs was significantly greater than benign IPMNs (0.808 vs 0.104, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ability to diagnose malignancies of IPMNs via AI malignant probability was 0.98 (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of AI malignant probability were 95.7%, 92.6%, and 94.0%, respectively; its accuracy was higher than human diagnosis (56.0%) and the mural nodule (68.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed AI malignant probability to be the only independent factor for IPMN-associated malignancy (odds ratio: 295.16, 95% confidence interval: 14.13–6,165.75, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

AI via deep learning algorithm may be a more accurate and objective method to diagnose malignancies of IPMNs in comparison to human diagnosis and conventional EUS features.
Crystal structure and molecular docking studies of new pyrazole-4-carboxamides
Authors: Qiao Li , Cai Peng-Peng , Shen Zhong-Hua , Wu Hong-Ke , Tan Cheng-Xia , Weng Jian-Quan , Liu Xing-Hai
Published: May 2019

Two pyrazol-4-carboxamides, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(mesitylcarbamoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxa-mide (7a) and 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-((3,5-dimethylphenyl) carbamoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (7b) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by the aid of 1H NMR and HRMS analyses. The structure of the pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 7a was also determined by X-ray diffraction. The preliminary activity results demonstrate that these two compounds exhibit good inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea. Further docking results indicated that the key active group is difluoromethyl pyrazole moiety.
Cellular Automaton Modeling of Phase Transformation of U-Nb Alloys during Solidification and Consequent Cooling Process
Authors: Tang Qingfu , Chen Dong , Su Bin , Zhang Xiaopeng , Deng Hongzhang , Wang Zhenhong
Published: May 2019

The microstructure evolution of U-Nb alloys during solidification and consequent cooling process was simulated using a cellular automaton (CA) model. By using this model, ϒ phase precipitation and monotectoid decomposition were simulated, and dendrite morphology of ϒ phase, Nb microsegregation and kinetics of monotectoid decomposition were obtained. To validate the model, an ingot of U-5.5Nb (wt.%) was produced and temperature measuring experiment was carried out. As-cast microstructure at different position taken from the ingot was investigated by using optical microscope and SEM. The effect of cooling rate on ϒ phase precipitation and monotectoid decomposition of U-Nb alloys was also studied. The simulated results were compared with the experimental results and the capability of the model for quantitatively predicting the microstructure evolution of U-Nb alloys during solidification and consequent cooling process was assessed.
Preoperative aortic annulus size assessment by transthoracic echocardiography compared to the size of surgically implanted aortic prostheses
Authors: Ingimarsdóttir I. J. , Hellgren Johansson L. , Flachskampf F. A.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: The aortic annulus diameter measured by transthoracic echocardiography yields lower values than by computed tomography, and echo-based selection of transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis size has been implied to result in more frequent paravalvular leakage. We investigated the relation of preoperative annulus diameter by echo with the ring size of the aortic prosthesis chosen by direct assessment during open-heart aortic valve replacement.

Methods: Preoperative annulus diameter by echo (from parasternal long-axis cross-sections of the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic valve) and implanted prosthetic diameter (tissue annulus diameter, determined intraoperatively using a sizing instrument) were compared retrospectively in 285 consecutive patients undergoing open-heart aortic valve replacement.

Results: A total of 285 prostheses (240 biologic and 45 mechanical) were implanted, with prosthetic diameter ranging between 19 and 27 mm. There was a significant linear correlation (P < 0.0001) with r = 0.51, between preoperative annulus diameter by echo (mean 21.8 ± 2.8 mm) and prosthetic diameter (22.9 ± 1.7 mm). Preoperative annulus diameter of patients receiving prostheses no. 21, 23 and 25 mm aortic prostheses (the most frequent prosthesis sizes) were significantly different (P < 0.001) from each other. On average, preoperative annulus diameter by echo underestimated prosthetic diameter by a bias of 1.07 mm.

Conclusion: Our data confirm that preoperative echo assessment of the aortic valve may slightly underestimates the optimal surgical prosthesis diameter for the aortic valve annulus.
Public Health Arab Conference
Authors: Public Health Arab Conference
Published: May 2019

4-6TH APRIL 2019, CASABLANCA, MOROCCO
Guía de pruebas de laboratorio y muestreo en campo para la verificación de calidad en materiales de un pavimento asfáltico
Authors: Ulloa Calderón Andrea
Published: May 2019

Dado las necesidades de profesionales, investigadores, constructores, inspectores y todos aquellos involucrados en el sector vial es que a continuación se plantea una guía de los ensayos básicos requeridos en el control de calidad en tres etapas generales durante la construcción de los pavimentos de mezcla asfáltica. Esto de acuerdo a especificaciones, disposiciones nacionales e internacionales, normas y procedimientos testándares utilizados en el LanammeUCR para el muestreo y evaluación del comportamiento de los diferentes materiales que componen un pavimento.
Comparación de propiedades mecánicas en alambre corrugado, determinadas mediante el uso del extensómetro axial y el extensómetro láser
Authors: Monge Sandí Ana Lorena , Rodríguez Pereira Ana María
Published: May 2019

En esta investigación se presenta el estudio de 16 alambres de acero, a los cuales se les aplicó un ensayo de tensión utilizando dos tipos de extensómetro: láser y axial. El objetivo principal del análisis es definir si los resultados recuperados del extensómetro láser presentan la suficiente precisión como para determinar propiedades mecánicas adecuadamente, es decir validar el uso del extensómetro láser en el ensayo de tensión; así como generar una metodología de estudio para materiales con región de fluencia no definida. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el extensómetro láser reproduce datos cualitativamente similares a los del axial, por lo que se valida el uso del equipo para el ensayo de tensión; además se confirma que la metodología desarrollada permite calcular óptimamente propiedades mecánicas para materiales con región de fluencia no definida.
Estudio de la adherencia entre capa de pavimentos, interponiendo geosintéticos
Authors: Delbono Hector Luis
Published: May 2019

En un sistema multicapa, como puede considerarse un pavimento con capas de distintos materiales, los movimientos entre capas son un origen importante de fisuras. Cuando la adherencia entre capas es escasa, la carpeta de rodamiento suele fisurarse de manera temprana con incremento en su deformación ante las solicitaciones del tránsito debido al consumo de energía interna del material, derivándose en problemas de fatiga, fisuras de arriba hacia abajo (top- down).

En este contexto se planteó el estudio de la adherencia entre distintos sustratos (base de hormigón y base asfáltica), interponiendo diferentes materiales geosintéticos, utilizando como agente de adhesión una emulsión asfáltica modificada, y colocando sobre éste una capa de mezcla asfáltica convencional CAC D20, que actúa como refuerzo en la rehabilitación de pavimentos deteriorados. Se considera como referencia la adherencia entre capas sin la colocación de ningún material geosintético. 

Para cuantificar la resistencia a la adherencia se utilizó el ensayo de corte LCB (Laboratorio de Caminos de Barcelona), y el ensayo de adherencia por tracción directa, implementados en el LEMaC, Centro de Investigaciones Viales de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional de La Plata.

Los ensayos presentan la carga y deformación en la interfase de los materiales, encontrando en los resultados que la adherencia se ve beneficiada o perjudicada, dependiendo del tipo de material geosintético y el sustrato donde se lo aplique.
Comparación de los métodos de contenido de asfalto de mezcla asfáltica en caliente
Authors: Loayza León Octavio , Rodríguez Castro Ellen , Salazar Delgado Jorge
Published: May 2019

La composición de la mezcla asfáltica que se utiliza para la construcción de pavimentos asfálticos se define de acuerdo con un diseño elaborado para que cumpla con el desempeño de acuerdo con el proyecto de construcción, mantenimiento o rehabilitación en el que va a ser utilizada. Como el asfalto es el material aglutinante que provee la cohesión y adhesión a la mezcla, es importante poder cuantificar sí la mezcla producida cumple con el contenido de asfalto establecido en el diseño de mezcla. Para determinar el contenido de asfalto hay varios métodos disponibles. No obstante, existen dudas sobre la exactitud de algunos métodos y especialmente, sobre la correlación entre los métodos que permitan el uso confiable de los mismos. En este estudio se comparan los métodos de contenido de asfalto de una muestra de mezcla asfáltica fabricada en planta. Los resultados demuestran que los métodos de incineración por horno de resistencias, incineración en horno mediante infrarrojo y el método de extracción con solventes usando centrífuga no presentan diferencias estadísticas significativas, lo cual no sucede con el método de extracción con solventes mediante sistema de reflujo, el cual a pesar de ser el más preciso también es el que se aleja más de los resultados obtenidos con los otros métodos. No obstante es importante mencionar que los cuatro métodos estudiados se encuentran dentro de la tolerancia permitida por la normativa nacional con respecto al contenido de asfalto establecido en el diseño de mezcla. Adicionalmente se analizó la extracción con reflujo utilizando tricloroetileno grado ACS y gasolina como solventes, pues en algunos laboratorios se prefiere éste último al ser más fácil de conseguir, de menor costo y menos riesgoso para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. No es posible afirmar que los resultados obtenidos sean estadísticamente iguales al usar tricloroetileno ACS y gasolina, es importante señalar que los resultados al utilizar tricloroetileno están dentro de la tolerancia, pero esto no sucede al usar gasolina como solvente.
Influencia de la Cal en el Mortero de Pega para Mampostería
Authors: Navas Carro Alejandro , Campos Rojas Ana María
Published: May 2019

En esta investigación se estudiaron los morteros para pega de bloques fabricados en sitio y los efectos en sus características físico-mecánicas al agregar cal a la mezcla. Para esto se fabricaron morteros tipo M y tipo S, con y sin cal, usando las proporciones volumétricas brindadas por el Código Sísmico de Costa Rica (CSCR 2010). Como agregado fino se utilizó arena de tajo y arena industrial, por separado.Se realizaron ensayos de resistencia a la compresión en cubos de mortero a los 7 y 28 días, porcentaje de retención de agua, contenido de aire y trabajabilidad. Además, se construyeron prismas y “cruces” de mampostería para estudiar la resistencia a compresión y adherencia del mortero, respectivamente. Esto para determinar si el uso de cal producida en el país mejora las propiedades del mortero de pega de mampostería, ya que esto podría permitir que se reactive el  uso de la cal en la construcción en Costa Rica

Los ensayos se realizaron con 3 cales diferentes y los resultados obtenidos varían dependiendo de la cal que se utilice, pero en general se encontró que la cal mejora algunas propiedades como lo son la retención de agua, la trabajabilidad, la adherencia y en algunos casos incrementa la resistencia de los prismas. Por el contrario, la resistencia a compresión en cubos de mortero disminuye y el contenido de aire no se ve afectado.
COMUNICACIÓN SOBRE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO DIRIGIDA A LA NIÑEZ
Authors: León Koberg Sylvia
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una serie de sugerencias sobre la manera de comunicar la temática de cambio climático a la niñez comprendida entre 9 y 11 años, a la vez que se plantean lineamientos generales de comunicación y relaciones públicas para la elaboración de mensajes sobre cambio climático y sus consecuencias. El enfoque del trabajo se aparta del modelo clásico de las relaciones públicas y analiza a la disciplina como una herramienta promotora del cambio social en temas del bien común.----The objective of this article is to provide a number of insights into how to communicate the issue of climate change to children between 9 and 11 years old, as well as general guidelines for communication, public relations and message development on climate change topics analyzed. The focus of the work departs from the classical model of public relations and analyzed the discipline as a promotional tool for social change that fosters social well-being.
LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LA NIÑEZ Y LA ADOLESCENCIA EN LAS LOCALIDADES: UNA LECTURA DESDE EL PROGRAMA PRIDENA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Brenes Ariel
Published: May 2019

En el presente artículo se realiza un breve recorrido teórico e histórico sobre los derechoshumanos de las personas menores de edad, haciendo énfasis a sus contradiccionesy posibilidades en los espacios locales. A través de las bases colocadas por dicha reflexión,se muestra el quehacer del Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios y Acción Social de losDerechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (pridena) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en materiade derechos humanos en las localidades.
ENTRE LA MOVILIZACIÓN Y LA DESMOVILIZACIÓN POLÍTICA: REFLEXIONES METODOLÓGICAS SOBRE DESIGUALDAD, SUFRIMIENTO Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES
Authors: Mora Solano Sindy
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se analiza la relación existente entre desigualdad, sufrimiento y movimientossociales. Para analizar dicha relación, se exponen los hallazgos de algunas investigacionesque se han realizado en este tema. Posteriormente, se analiza el trabajo realizado en elInstituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), con el finde aportar al estudio de los movimientos sociales.
Postintubatiós stenosis minimálinvazív műtéti megoldása 4 éves gyermeken ultrapulzációs lézer és szteroid-mitomicin alkalmazásával
Authors: Szabó Linda , Szakács László , Rovó László
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Postintubation stenosis is a frequent complication of long-term endotracheal anesthesia. In the last few decades, its incidence showed an increasing tendency particularly among children and premature infants. It mostly affects the subglottic area and avoidance of a tracheotomy could lead to better life quality of the patient. We present the treatment of a glotto-subglottic stenosis in a 4-year-old girl. Ultra Dream Pulse Laser surgery was performed with mometason (Elocom) and mitomycin (Mitomycin-C) submucosal injections to prevent refibrosis. Minimally invasive operations play a key role in the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. Ultra Dream Pulse Laser surgeries could be safely applied in pediatric patients. Patient follow-up revealed wide glottis without any fibrosis. Ultra Dream Pulse Laser intervention completed with steroid-mitomycin infiltration is an efficient method of treating postintubation stenosis. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 792–796.
Pictography, Law, and Earth: Gerald Vizenor, John Borrows, and Louise Erdrich
Authors: Garcia Edgar
Published: May 2019

This essay examines Anishinaabe pictography in contemporary legal contexts, challenging the notion that the law must necessarily inhere in alphabetic isomorphism, let alone in the colonialist inscriptive norms of the nation. Explaining how pictography elicits a loosened relation between sign and signified, this essay develops a semiotic theory of nonisomorphy to analyze uses of pictography in the work of several Anishinaabe scholars and writers: in John Borrows's advocacy of “jurisgenerative multiperspectivalism,” in Gerald Vizenor's conception of social irony and ironic constitutionalism, and in Louise Erdrich's figuration of ecological literacy and reciprocity. Focusing in particular on the trope of metonymy in pictographic writing, this essay elucidates the perspectival shifts and contextual metamorphoses of metonymy in the native poetics of the Americas, forming and transforming historical experience while offering colonial situations ample room to trip themselves up on their own contradictions.
Pericles in Paradise
Authors: Forster E. M. , Dimirouli Foteini
Published: May 2019

E. M. Forster's immersion in the thriving community of european writers and artists in alexandria increased his confidence as a writer; it also mitigated the social alienation he had experienced on his arrival in Egypt in 1915 to volunteer with the Red Cross. His theatrical sketch “Pericles in Paradise” (1918), published here for the irst time, is populated by characters modeled on the Alexandrian elite that fostered his sense of belonging. In addition, it bears the mark of a privileged position Forster himself was uneasy about: that of an En glishman navigating a city under British rule and removed from the realities faced by the native Egyptian population.
The Wheelchair: A Three-Part Drama
Authors: Lyon Janet
Published: May 2019

In a review for The New York Times, Amor Towles writes that Manhattan Beach “is far less interested in domestic relationships than in those of the workplace.” I would submit that Manhattan Beach is in fact suffused with domestic relations and that many of those relations are structured by disability plots. A few of those plot strands are so clichéd that you can hardly believe their prominence in this contemporary novel. But another cluster of the novel's disability motifs spins a fabric so inventive and rich that you begin to suspect Egan of deploying the other, shopworn plots chiefly to authenticate the novel's mid-century ethos, to evoke a moment when the American public tended to perceive disability as hopeless, or tragic, or repulsive. In what follows I extricate from the novel's broader historical concerns three of these related disability plots. I begin with an account of the disability-as-melodrama plot and then move to an analysis of the plotlines associated with novel's diffuse treatment of disability's generative powers. I close with a reading of the problematic plot that relies on what disability scholars call the “curative imaginary.” My aim here is to illustrate Egan's contrapuntal disability aesthetics.
Evaluating the residual life of aged railway bridges
Authors: Mansell Bruce , Ngamkhanong Chayut , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: May 2019

The UK is home to a very expansive railway network. The network includes a significant number of bridges that were constructed in the Victorian era. The aim of this study is to estimate the remaining lifespan of a unique aged railway bridge, the Windsor Railway Bridge in the UK. This research encompassed several steps: analysis of past and current traffic, prediction of future traffic trends, fatigue life analysis, estimation of lifespan consumption and estimation of remaining fatigue life. The finite-element analysis results showed that the most highly stressed members in the structure were the arch stringer and arch vertical bracing. By using the finite-element method together with the cumulative fatigue theory, these members are predicted to have failed in 5–7 years’ time, depending on the future traffic trends. Under a less conservative design class, some members are shown to have already failed sometime in the 1920s. It is found that a number of major conservative design assumptions were made. The failure mode and mechanism of the aged railway bridge are highlighted in this paper.
What lies hidden behind structural errors and failures within the UK?
Authors: Burrell Paul A
Published: May 2019

Government figures from a House of Commons research briefing confirms that the components of the gross domestic product by industry are accounted for by the service sector at 79%, production at 14%, construction at 6% and agriculture at 1%. In its 2018 construction statistics, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) records that the construction industry is worth c. £100 billion annually to the UK economy. However, the Get it Right Initiative suggested in 2017 that a minimum of 10% of this is lost in errors and litigation. According to the ONS figures there were 30 fatalities. To investigate these errors and failures, this paper considers key areas in the education of chartered engineers, quality management systems and knowledge sharing in order to gain experience. A series of open-ended, semi-structured interviews was undertaken with senior professionals, including the judiciary, professors of engineering, global consultants and professional indemnity insurers. Research findings revealed that technical knowledge is deliberately withheld due to non-disclosure clauses in mediated settlements and through the practices of global professional indemnity insurers. A study of pass rates for chartered membership of the Institution of Structural Engineers showed a decrease despite an increase in academic requirements. Companies that promote corporate social responsibility credentials often seek the best commercial deal regarding litigation settlement. This research concludes that there is a sound business case for sharing knowledge, which would reduce claims, increase profits and save lives. Primary legislation must be changed to compel a free exchange of technical knowledge regarding errors and structural failures. A ‘no-blame’ repository needs to be established that should help reduce the adversarial nature of the construction industry. Additionally, the suitability of the academic degree curriculum for structural engineers needs to be reassessed.
Exome-Based Rare-Variant Analyses in CKD
Authors: Cameron-Christie Sophia , Wolock Charles J. , Groopman Emily , Petrovski Slavé , Kamalakaran Sitharthan , Povysil Gundula , Vitsios Dimitrios , Zhang Mengqi , Fleckner Jan , March Ruth E. , Gelfman Sahar , Marasa Maddalena , Li Yifu , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Allen Andrew S. , Fellström Bengt C. , Haefliger Carolina , Platt Adam , Goldstein David B. , Gharavi Ali G.
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement

Studies have identified common CKD-associated gene variants, but the contribution of rare variants has not been systematically examined. The authors use exome sequencing and rare-variant collapsing analyses to compare rare genetic variants in 3150 cases (representing broad clinical CKD subtypes) with 9563 controls. For five known CKD-associated genes, they detected a significant enrichment of rare variants in PKD1, PKD2, COL4A5, and found suggestive evidence for rare COL4A3 and COL4A4 variants. They also found evidence for four other genes not previously implicated in CKD. By demonstrating that rare-variant collapsing analyses can validate known genes and identify candidate genes and modifiers for nephropathy, these findings provide a rationale for larger-scale investigation of the rare variants’ contribution to disease risk across major clinical CKD categories.

Background

Studies have identified many common genetic associations that influence renal function and all-cause CKD, but these explain only a small fraction of variance in these traits. The contribution of rare variants has not been systematically examined.

Methods

We performed exome sequencing of 3150 individuals, who collectively encompassed diverse CKD subtypes, and 9563 controls. To detect causal genes and evaluate the contribution of rare variants we used collapsing analysis, in which we compared the proportion of cases and controls carrying rare variants per gene.

Results

The analyses captured five established monogenic causes of CKD: variants in PKD1, PKD2, and COL4A5 achieved study-wide significance, and we observed suggestive case enrichment for COL4A4 and COL4A3. Beyond known disease-associated genes, collapsing analyses incorporating regional variant intolerance identified suggestive dominant signals in CPT2 and several other candidate genes. Biallelic mutations in CPT2 cause carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, sometimes associated with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury. Genetic modifier analysis among cases with APOL1 risk genotypes identified a suggestive signal in AHDC1, implicated in Xia–Gibbs syndrome, which involves intellectual disability and other features. On the basis of the observed distribution of rare variants, we estimate that a two- to three-fold larger cohort would provide 80% power to implicate new genes for all-cause CKD.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that rare-variant collapsing analyses can validate known genes and identify candidate genes and modifiers for kidney disease. In so doing, these findings provide a motivation for larger-scale investigation of rare-variant risk contributions across major clinical CKD categories.
Inside a Box: Using Objects To Collaboratively Narrate Educator Experiences of Transformation in Higher Education
Authors: Müller Marguerite
Published: May 2019

This article is a reflection on the use of object memory in creating a collaborative arts-based narrative that explores educator experiences with transformation in higher education. The collaborative arts-based narrative that I present here emerged from my doctoral thesis in which I collaborated with participants to explore how our memories and experiences could help us understand and approach issues of social justice in education. In this article, I reflect on the way in which memory objects guided the creation of a collaborative arts-based narrative of educators' autobiographical experiences, educational encounters, and anti-oppressive education. Memory objects are used to explore educator identity, subjectivity, and experience in relation to issues of social change and social justice in higher education. Through this exploration, I hope to highlight the entanglement of context, experience, and the theoretical understandings of social justice and anti-oppressive education. The aim of this article is to reflect on how objects were used to make new connections and exciting discoveries through a collaborative narrative of memories and experiences of educators working towards social change in higher education.
PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE (PLR) RATİOS İN ADENOİDECTOMY PATİENTS
Authors: SİVRİCE Mehmet Emre , YASAN Hasan , TÜZ Mustafa , OKUR Erdoğan , DİLEK Deniz , AKIN Vural
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate Platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in adenoidectomy patients to determine whether this ratio can be a possible predictive factor in adenoidectomy. We also aimed to investigate whether PLR can help indicate ongoing systemic inflammation on patients with adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 boys aged 3-11 years, who had undergone adenoidectomy for adenoid hypertrophy between 2012 and 2018 at Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), were assigned to the study group. The control group consisted of 100 healthy boys who had been circumcised in the Urology or Pediatric Surgery Departments. Patients medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The results of preoperative complete blood counts were evaluated by reviewing the patient files. The PLR value is obtained by dividing absolute platelet count by absolute lymphocyte count. Results: PLR were 91,47 and 84,15 for control and study groups respectively with no statistically significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.062). The Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between study and control groups among WBC, platelet and lymphocyte counts (p>0.05). PLR was higher in the control group as compared to the study group. Conclusion: We observed platelet and lymphocyte standard deviations are too high, therefore we beleive that PLR is not a reliable value in adenoidectomy.
U Michigan - Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing using DNA v1
Authors: Young Vincent
Published: May 2019

Summary: This protocol is for the submission of DNA to generate libraries for 16S rRNA sequencing, which can be used for bacterial community analysis and detect variations in the microbiota under differing conditions. DNA is aliquoted into 96 well plates, which are properly packaged and shipped to the MMPC and libraries are prepared for community analysis as previously described by Seekatz et al. (1). Briefly, barcoded dual-index primers specific to the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplify the DNA (2). PCR reactions are composed of 5 μL of 4 μM equimolar primer set, 0.15 μL of AccuPrime Taq DNA High Fidelity Polymerase, 2 μL of 10x AccuPrime PCR Buffer II (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. 12346094), 11.85 μL of PCR-grade water, and 1 μL of DNA template. The PCR conditions used consisted of 2 min at 95°C, followed by 30 cycles of 95°C for 20 s, 55°C for 15 s, and 72°C for 5 min, followed by 72°C for 10 min. Each PCR reaction is normalized using the SequalPrep Normalization Plate Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog no. A1051001). The normalized reactions are pooled and quantified using the Kapa Biosystems Library qPCR MasterMix (ROX Low) Quantification kit for Illumina platforms (catalog no. KK4873). The Agilent Bioanalyzer is used to confirm the size of the amplicon library (~399 bp) using a high-sensitive DNA analysis kit (catalog no. 5067-4626). Pooled amplicon library is then sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the 500 cycle MiSeq V2 Reagent kit (catalog no. MS-102-2003) according to the manufacturer's instructions with modifications of the primer set with custom read 1/read 2 and index primers added to the reagent cartridge. The“Preparing Libraries for Sequencing on the MiSeq” (part 15039740, Rev. D) protocol was used toprepare libraries with a final load concentration of 5.5 pM, spiked with 15% PhiX to create diversity within the run. FASTQ files are distributed to the client when the 2 x 250 bp sequencing completes. References: 1. Seekatz AM, Theriot CM, Molloy CT, Wozniak KL, Bergin IL, Young VB. 2015. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Eliminates Clostridium difficile in a Murine Model of Relapsing Disease. Infect Immun 83:3838-3846. 10.1128/IAI.00459-15. 2. Kozich JJ, Westcott SL, Baxter NT, Highlander SK, Schloss PD. 2013. Development of a dual- index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:5112–5120. 10.1128/AEM.01043-13.
U Michigan - Mesangial matrix evalutaion v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff , Saha Jharna
Published: May 2019

Summary: Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) is a staining method used to detect glycogen on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney tissue sections. PAS staining highlights basement membranes and is frequently used to diagnose glomerular mesangial matrix expansion.
U Michigan - Optokinetic Measurements of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity v1
Authors: A. Antonetti David
Published: May 2019

Summary: A virtual optometry system is used to quantify the spatial vision of laboratory animal.
U Michigan - Retinal Microstructure Imaging OCT v1
Authors: A. Antonetti David
Published: May 2019

Summary: A spectral domain ophthalmic imaging system based on the technology of optical coherence tomography (OCT) will be used to acquire the microstructure image of retina in live animals. Like the ultrasound, but uses light waves instead of sound waves, the light backscattered from within a sample is processed to develop a high-resolution, depth-resolved image suitable for analyzing internal microstructure in vivo.
UC Davis - Alanine transaminase v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: Alanine transaminase (ALT) also known as alanine aminotransferase or (sGPT) is a metabolic enzyme expressed primarily in the liver. Elevation of ALT levels is an indication of liver damage and has been associated with liver injury. ALT levels are monitored routinely in patients with liver diseases. ALT is also a very useful tool for preclinical investigation of experimental drug formulations and ALT levels are commonly used to monitor and attenuate the hepatotoxic effects of experimental drugs in rodents.
Case Management Services to Meet the Complex Needs of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the Community—The Successes and Challenges of a Unique Program from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Authors: Kalb Rosalind ,   National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, NY, USA, Costello Kathleen ,   National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, NY, USA, Guiod Linda ,   National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, NY, USA
Published: May 2019

In spite of the therapies currently available to treat people with multiple sclerosis (MS), some individuals continue to experience physical, cognitive, and/or emotional changes over the course of the disease that severely compromise function, independence, safety, and quality of life. In addition, co-morbidities are common in people with MS, further impacting health and well-being, as well as the ability to manage their healthcare needs and cope with everyday life. The National MS Society’s Edward M Dowd Personal Advocate Program (which is one component of the National MS Society’s MS Navigator® Service) is designed to pick up where traditional neurologic care and Society MS Navigators cannot go—into patients’ home environments. This centrally administered program contracts with local professional case managers (most often nurses and social workers) to help stabilize individuals with multiple urgent care needs (for example, in cases of abuse or neglect, or inadequate food, housing or medical care, among others) while identifying and implementing longer-term, sustainable solutions leading to greater independence and quality of life. This article outlines the rationale and goals of the Society’s case management services, considers successful and unsuccessful outcomes that have occurred since the program’s inception, examines the factors that contribute to success or failure for any given patient, and describes future goals.
Challenges of Interpreting Dystrophin Content by Western Blot
Authors: Schnell Frederick J ,   Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, Frank Diane ,   Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Australia, Fletcher Sue ,   Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, Johnsen Russell D ,   Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, Wilton Steve D ,   Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
Published: May 2019

The Duchenne muscular dystrophy community has recently seen the first approved therapy for the restoration of dystrophin, based on its ability to increase levels of dystrophin protein, as determined by western blot. The approval, along with the initiation of clinical trials evaluating other dystrophin-restoring therapies, highlights the importance of accurate dystrophin quantitation. Nonoptimized western blot methods can reflect inaccurate results, especially in the quantitation of low dystrophin levels. A few key changes to standards and data analysis parameters can result in a low level of dystrophin (<0.5% of a healthy biopsy) being inaccurately interpreted as >20% of the levels reported in healthy human muscle. A review of the dystrophin western blot data on Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy biopsies is conducted, along with a thorough investigation of methodologies to quantify dystrophin.