bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Identification of Comorbid Diagnoses in Children With ADHD
Authors: Gipson Tanjala T. , Lance Eboni I. , Albury Rebecca A. , Gentner Maura B. , Leppert Mary L.
Published: October 2014

Aims. This study explores disparities in identification of educationally relevant comorbidities and medication prescribing practices for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and either comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluations or evaluations limited by insurance to behavior management with medication. Methods. This study was a retrospective chart review of 5- to 10-year-old children with ADHD diagnosed at the initial evaluation. Data collected included demographics, rates of comorbid conditions, medication management, and educational interventions. Results. The 2 groups were similar in age, educational supports, and medication management. The group with insurance permitting comprehensive evaluations was more likely to be Caucasian, have higher parental education levels, and have more comorbid conditions identified with academic impact. Conclusions. School-aged children with ADHD are likely to receive similar educational and medication management despite differences in evaluations. However, our data suggest that children who received comprehensive evaluations had greater identification of comorbid conditions that may influence academic, behavioral, and social outcomes.
The Development and Validation of an Implicit Measure Based on Biospheric Values
Authors: Thomas Gregory O. , Walker Ian
Published: October 2014

Explicit measures of environmental views can be affected by social desirability and cognitive biases. Implicit measures, which should avoid such issues, have previously faced difficulty in establishing balanced and representative stimuli. Recently, measuring environmental views has shifted toward using environmental values, rather than attitudes. Accordingly, this article outlines a novel approach to implicit measures of environmental views using the Implicit Association Task (IAT). Stimuli representing Egoistic and Biospheric value orientations were selected, having positive valence and categorical representation. Across three independent samples (total N = 293), this Environment IAT (a) showed expected positive correlations with explicit measures of environmental values and attitudes, (b) reflected significant differences between environmentalists and non-environmentalists, and (c) was a unique predictor of environmentalist status even after controlling for explicit values and attitudes. Implications of the Environment IAT suggest a new research approach to environmental preferences for predicting behavior, and the automatic formation of attitudes.
Analysis of the barriers of mental distress disclosure in medical inpatients in Taiwan
Authors: Han Der-Yan , Lin Yi-Yin , Liao Shih-Cheng , Lee Ming-Been , Thornicroft Graham , Wu Chia-Yi
Published: October 2014

Background:

Disclosure of mental distress to physicians is important for mental illness identification, early referrals and proper treatment to prevent suicide. Little is known about what affects mental health communication in the clinical settings in the Chinese societies.

Aims:

The study aimed to identify the demographic, psychosocial and medical factors related to people with non-disclosure of their mental distress.

Methods:

We interviewed a series of consecutive inpatients from two medical wards of a general hospital in northern Taiwan. We collected depressive symptoms (the Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), living arrangement, threatening life events, suicide risks (i.e. past self-harm history, lifetime suicide ideas and hopelessness) and recent experience of mental distress disclosure. Furthermore, we explored the reasons of non-disclosure.

Results:

A total of 230 medical inpatients agreed to participate (53.5% males). The results indicated that only 5.7% actually communicated their mental health concerns, and that 12.3% were willing to talk about their mental health problems. Among the 69 (30%) depressed participants (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points), the disclosure rate was low (8.7%) and the wish to talk about mental distress was also low (10.3%). After adjustment, living alone (OR = 7.58, 95% CI = 1.56–36.91) and having stressful life events (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.09–12.46) remained significant in predicting disclosure of mental distress. The 109 participants attributed their refusal of communicating mental distress as medical-related attributes, subjective perceptions or sociocultural factors.

Conclusion:

Communication of mental distress in medical settings was uncommon due to medical or psychosocial barriers in Taiwan. Skill training to facilitate disclosure in medical education and public campaigns to improve knowledge of depression and enhance help-seeking deserve more attention, particularly under the influence of stigma in the Chinese societies.
Hikikomori in Spain: A descriptive study
Authors: Malagón-Amor Ángeles , Córcoles-Martínez David , Martín-López Luis M , Pérez-Solà Víctor
Published: October 2014

Background:

Social withdrawal behaviour is a major health problem that is becoming increasingly important, being necessary studies that investigate its psychopathology and existence in different cultures.

Aims:

To describe the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of hikikomori individuals in Spain.

Method:

Participants were 200 subjects referred to the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment (CRHT) because of social isolation. The definition of hikikomori was the state of avoiding social engagement with generally persistent withdrawal into one’s residence for at least 6 months. Socio-demographic and clinical data were analysed, including Severity of Psychiatric Illness (SPI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment (WHODAS) scales.

Results:

A total of 164 cases were evaluated. Hikikomori were predominantly young male, with the mean age at onset of hikikomori of 40 years old and a mean socially withdrawn period of 3 years. Only three people had no symptoms suggestive of mental disorder. Psychotic and anxiety were the most common comorbid disorders. The scales administered describe the presence of serious symptoms and impairment in social functioning, with a high prevalence of poor collaboration with treatment.

Conclusion:

This study shows the existence of hikikomori in Spain. Its difficult detection and treatment highlights the need for specialized domiciliary teams. The high comorbidity leads us to conclude that it may not be a new diagnosis, but rather a severe syndrome associated with multiple mental illnesses. Primary hikikomori also exist, but less commonly. Future cross-national studies are needed in order to describe its definition and psychopathology.
A production of education migrants: A case study of South Korean transnational families in Canada
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Johnstone Marjorie
Published: October 2014

This article critically examines the close tie between host and source countries in producing education migration. Using South Korea and Canada as a case study, our analysis illustrates how the gradual granting/limiting of citizenship to education migrants is ingrained in social policy which contributes to the nation-building of the host country while relying on ‘foreign’ income from the source country, impinging on family life (i.e. splitting family structure trans-nationally), and risking social integration. Although the actors are changed from labor migrants to education migrants the same dynamic of excluding migrants from citizenship and distinguishing worthy migrants from non-worthy migrants remains unchanged.
Organizational Ambidexterity Through the Lens of Paradox Theory
Authors: Papachroni Angeliki , Heracleous Loizos , Paroutis Sotirios
Published: October 2014

The organizational ambidexterity literature conceptualizes exploration and exploitation as conflicting activities, and proposes separation-oriented approaches to accomplish ambidexterity; namely, structural and temporal separation. We argue that viewing ambidexterity from the lens of paradox theory enables us to move beyond separation-oriented prescriptions toward synthesis or transcendence of paradoxical poles; as well as toward longitudinal explorations of how paradoxical poles dynamically interrelate over time. In this way, the conceptual repertoire of ambidexterity theory is enriched and empirical research can more closely and pragmatically track practice.
“Becoming Rather Than Being”: Queer’s Double-Edged Discourse as Deconstructive Practice
Authors: Sewell John Ike
Published: October 2014

This essay introduces the concept double-edged discourse (an oppositional discourse within another, larger oppositional discourse), relating it to the queer identity discourse that emerged within LGBTQ discourse in the wake of the AIDS crisis. The essay employs Laclau’s logic of equivalence to examine queer’s deployment as an empty signifier for the LGBTQ movement, further analyzing queer discourse in light of Badiou’s concept of the Event and, finally, suggesting that queer’s negotiation of identity is accomplished via its double edge and that queer be re-understood as deconstructive practice rather than as a collective identity per se.
Making ends meet
Authors: Asal Victor , Cousins Ken , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede
Published: October 2014

A growing number of datasets collect information reflecting the behavior and characteristics of contentious and violent organizations. Most of these datasets are not arranged so that they can be easily combined for analytical purposes. In particular, there is a lack of common identifiers for organizations. This creates a great deal of duplication of effort as well as many potential stumbling blocks for those who would like to combine information from different datasets for new analyses or research questions. We describe an existing effort to overcome common challenges and link organizations called the Terrorist Organization (TORG) crosswalk. We further propose a new effort, a Shared Contentious Actor Registry (SCAR), to allow for a more comprehensive and concerted effort to meet the challenges in linking data.
Safety studies of post-surgical buprenorphine therapy for mice
Authors: Traul Karl A , Romero Jennell B , Brayton Cory , DeTolla Louis , Forbes-McBean Nadine , Halquist Matthew S , Karnes H Thomas , Sarabia-Estrada Rachel , Tomlinson Michael J , Tyler Betty M , Ye Xiaobu , Zadnik Patricia , Guarnieri Michael
Published: October 2014

The use of appropriate analgesia in laboratory mice may be suboptimal because of concerns about adverse events (AE). Target Animal Safety trials were conducted to determine the safety of an extended-release suspension of buprenorphine. Drug or control suspensions were injected subcutaneously in surgically-treated BALB/c mice anesthetized with ketamine–xylazine to mimic post-operative conditions in which the compound might commonly be administered. Single and repeat five-fold (5×) excesses of the 3.25 mg/kg intended dose were used to provoke potential AE. Trials included prospective measurements of weight changes, blood chemistry, hematology, and histopathology. Clinical and histopathology findings were similar in drug-treated and control mice in a four-day trial using a single 16.25 mg/kg, 5× overdose of the drug. In a 12-day trial, which used a total buprenorphine dose of 48.75 mg/kg, clinical and histopathology values were also similar in control and drug-treated female mice. In the male arm of the repeat-overdose trial, two of eight mice died on the morning of day 12, three days following the third 16.25 mg/kg overdose administration. Histopathology did not reveal a cause of death. In a 14-month trial using a single 3.25 mg/kg dose of the drug, no significant findings identified potential AE. These findings indicate a high tolerance to an extended-release buprenorphine suspension administered post-operatively in mice with appropriate husbandry.
Reformism and Melancholia: Economic Crisis and the Limits of Sociology
Authors: Toscano Alberto
Published: October 2014

This article addresses the persistence of reformism in sociological responses to the crisis. It begins by considering the temporal meaning of crisis and connects it to an appraisal of the extent to which the alternative ‘reformism or revolution’ still conditions our thinking. The article goes on to consider radical arguments for the obsolescence of reform. It suggests that a focus on the sociology of knowledge has impaired the discipline’s capacity to engage critically with the reformist imaginaries that circumscribe policy debate and public commentary.
Understanding the Global Financial Crisis: Sociology, Political Economy and Heterodox Economics
Authors: Brown Andrew , Spencer David A
Published: October 2014

This article argues that collective development of an understanding of the global financial crisis and ensuing austerity requires an alliance between sociology, ‘heterodox economics’ and related disciplines within the broad tradition of ‘political economy’. It introduces ‘heterodox economics’ as a body of thought that emerged in response to the failure of mainstream economics to theorise coherently the capitalist system as a whole, suggesting that heterodox economics is potentially an aid to overcoming the historical split between economics and sociology. The article argues that, beyond understanding the crisis, an alliance of sociology and heterodox economics can help strategically and politically in challenging and overcoming the theory, ideology and policy advice of mainstream economics. It can also help broaden ideas about how society and economy may be organised in a post-crisis future.
Accessing Choice
Authors: Mavrogordato Madeline , Stein Marc
Published: October 2014

School choice has become a cornerstone of education reform plans across the nation especially in urban settings where immigrant populations often settle. Latino enrollment in charter schools has increased accordingly. Yet, little is known about how Latino parents, who arguably face significant linguistic, cultural, and economic barriers, engage in the choice process. This study examines what motivates Latino and non-Latino parents to consider a charter school and what informs their decision to enroll their children. By comparing these groups, we seek to better understand how parents, particularly those who face layers of disadvantage like Latinos, interact with the educational marketplace.
On Second Chances and Stratification
Authors: Schudde Lauren , Goldrick-Rab Sara
Published: October 2014

Community colleges increase college access, extending postsecondary educational opportunities to underserved students, yet, these students exhibit low rates of program completion and transfer to 4-year colleges. Sociological research on community colleges focuses on the tension between increasing educational opportunity and failing to improve equity in college completion across key demographics, such as race and socioeconomic status. This article provides an overview of sociology’s approach to understanding community colleges. We describe sociological theories, examine the contributions they make to the field, and discuss the discipline’s recent debates regarding community colleges. We conclude by highlighting research areas for further progress and discussing the role sociology could play in transforming community colleges.
“I Did Not Miss Any, Only When I Had a Valid Reason”
Authors: O’Sullivan Sara , McMahon Léan , Moore Gemma , Nititham Diane Sabenacio , Slevin Amanda , Kelly Christina , Wixted Lisa
Published: October 2014

In this study we explore how absence from sociology classes is understood by undergraduate students at University College Dublin. The authors use Scott and Lyman’s (1968) concept of accounts to explore absence sociologically. Drawing on data generated via focus groups, an open-ended questionnaire, and an online survey with students, we outline the different excuses and justifications for missing classes used by students and present their understanding of attendance at classes as an optional feature of student life. Individual students’ attendance differed across courses, throwing doubt on the usefulness of individual-level frameworks for understanding attendance. We argue that decisions to attend are influenced by a variety of contextual issues, including knowledge of legitimate accounts for the setting, pedagogic approaches in use, and students’ perceptions of the usefulness of classes. We conclude that to counter the trend of declining attendance and enhance student learning, it is important to better understand how both local norms, values, curriculum design, and assessment practices combine to facilitate students’ absences. Focusing on accounts allows us to better understand student absence rather than accepting this as an inevitable feature of contemporary student behavior about which nothing much can be done.
Cognitive Skills Programs for Female Offenders in the Community
Authors: Palmer Emma J. , Hatcher Ruth M. , McGuire James , Hollin Clive R.
Published: October 2014

This article reports an evaluation of two cognitive skills programs (Enhanced Thinking Skills and Think First) with 801 women offenders serving community sentences in the English and Welsh Probation Service. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the reconviction rates at 1-year follow-up of offenders who completed the program, offenders who started but did not complete the program, and a comparison group that were not allocated to the program. Multivariate analysis showed that the completers did not have a significantly lower rate of reconviction than the comparison group. However, the non-completers had a significantly higher rate of reconviction than the comparison group. No differences were found in reconviction between the completers group and non-completers group. The implications of the findings for interventions with women offenders are discussed.
Giftedness, Trauma, and Development
Authors: Peterson Jean Sunde
Published: October 2014

A qualitative, longitudinal, phenomenological case study explored how a gifted female experienced various life events and aspects of development during adolescence and young adulthood (ages 15–30 years), particularly as related to multiple traumatic experiences, which were revealed late in the first year of the study. Additional experiences, well into young adulthood, appear to have been precipitated by posttrauma phenomena, among them a sense of powerlessness, a need for control, extreme and confusing emotions and behaviors, disordered eating, and sensitivity to others’ responses. The control concern was manifested in a pervasive “sense of urgency,” which contributed to decisions that had particular impact on her development. Special attention is given to the intersection of giftedness and adversity, with reference to characteristics associated with giftedness. Method and findings begin to fill multiple gaps in the giftedness literature, but findings are generally supported by existing literature related to trauma and protective factors.
Cognitive, Socioemotional, and Attitudinal Effects of a Triarchic Enrichment Program for Gifted Children
Authors: Gubbels Joyce , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: October 2014

In most industrialized societies, the regular educational system does not meet the educational needs of gifted pupils, causing a lag in their school achievement. One way in which more challenge can be provided to gifted children is with an enrichment program. In the present study, cognitive, socioemotional, and attitudinal effects of a triarchic enrichment program were examined in a pretest–posttest control group design. Participants were 66 upper elementary school students. With positive effects on practical intelligence, motivation, self-concept, and enjoyment of science being found, the results of this study indicated that the pull-out program is a valuable experience in the cognitive and socioemotional development of gifted children.
Amartya Sen on human rights in The Idea of Justice
Authors: Macleod Alistair M.
Published: October 2014

In section I, I identify several mini-theses embedded in Amartya Sen’s theory of human rights – such theses as (1) that human rights are moral, not legal, rights, (2) that nevertheless they are not rights that are awaiting transformation into legal rights, (3) that an expansive doctrine of human rights can incorporate a broad swath of rights (civil, political, economic, social and cultural) without merely mimicking the catalogues in post-Second World War declarations and covenants, and (4) that not all the obligations generated by human rights are (in Kant’s language) ‘perfect’ obligations.

In section II, I argue that, both because ‘freedom’ has many interpretations and because not all human freedoms, even when they are life-enhancing, are to be protected as human rights, the distinctive features of Sen’s version of a freedom-emphasizing doctrine would be clearer if the preferred interpretation of ‘freedom’ and the particular human freedoms to be protected were more explicitly identified.

While Sen’s doctrine of human rights is a freedom-emphasizing doctrine, its distinctive features – vis-à-vis competing freedom-focused accounts – would be more clearly etched if it were made clearer what the sense is in which it stresses protection of important human freedoms, especially since he concedes that not all freedoms, even when they are life-enhancing for human beings, should be protected as human rights.
Manifest injustice from the (de)colonial matrix
Authors: Sanín-Restrepo Ricardo , Méndez-Hincapié Gabriel
Published: October 2014

Amartya Sen’s theory of enhancement of justice bears an insurmountable blind side that impairs and makes it incomplete, if not parochial. It dismisses coloniality as the veiled face of modernity (and of capitalism) without which any understanding of a theory of justice in a globalized world is impossible. Constructing a theory outside the complex frame of coloniality makes the theory vulnerable to severe hindrances.

The duality (coloniality/modernity) produces a twofold but interdependent reality: for the western world it means the achievement of values such as liberty and prosperity; for the non-western world, racism, extraction and exclusion. Since colonialism has been rearticulated into coloniality, these two categories cannot be isolated for they presuppose one another. Democracy remains a fallacy as long as real power depends on capitalism, which is the inextricable way of coloniality itself. Henceforth, free public discussion and free social choice remain chimerical, obtainable only when democracy as a true, unresolved conflict is a reality through the destruction of coloniality.

Finally we propose a third principle of justice that would correct both Rawls’ and Sen’s conceptions of justice. Such corrections pinpoint the void in their approaches thus inverting the panoptic.
Evaluation of Voice Quality after Supraglottic Laryngectomy
Authors: Topaloğlu İlhan , Salturk Ziya , Atar Yavuz , Berkiten Güler , Büyükkoç Onur , Çakır Ozan
Published: October 2014

Objective

Supraglottic laryngectomy is a surgical procedure that preserves laryngeal functions. This technique allows extensions including removal of tongue base or 1 arytenoid. We aimed to compare vocal results of supraglottic laryngectomy and extended procedures.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐three males who underwent supraglottic laryngectomy were included in the study. Fifteen patients (45.5%) were applied standard supraglottic laryngectomy (standard supraglottic laryngectomy group). In 11 patients (33.3%), unilateral arytenoid cartilage was totally resected by separation at the cricoarytenoid joint (laterally extended group), and the tongue base was removed in 7 patients (anteriorly extended group) (21.2%). Twenty male smokers constituted control group. Acoustic and aerodynamic voice analyses were performed for the assessment of objective results. Grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain scale (GRBAS) scores were analyzed for perceptual assessment. Voice Handicap Index‐30 was used to evaluate subjective results.

Results

The comparison of supraglottic laryngectomy group with the control group revealed that the mean maximum phonation time and fundamental frequency were significantly lower in the supraglottic laryngectomy group (P <. 001), and the mean jitter, shimmer, and noise‐to‐harmonics ratio were significantly higher in the supraglottic laryngectomy group (P <. 001). Maximum phonation time and fundamental frequency were higher in the standard supraglottic laryngectomy group in comparison to extended groups. Jitter value was also lower in the standard supraglottic laryngectomy group compared to extended groups. Perceptual and subjective analyses revealed no difference among standard supraglottic laryngectomy and extended groups.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that supraglottic laryngectomy patients have acceptable voice quality, as determined by perceptual and subjective assessment.
What a Year! The Framing of Marriage Equality Through Media’s Selected Sources in 2013
Authors: Rodriguez Nathian Shae , Blumell Lindsey
Published: October 2014

The issue of same-sex marriage continues to be a focal point in U.S. media. The topic garnered a substantial amount of attention in 2013, with the repeal of Defense of Marriage Act, the legalization of same-sex marriage in eight U.S states and five foreign countries, and the passage of the Russian Anti-Gay Law. The question at hand is how U.S. newspapers framed these stories throughout the year. The authors utilized a qualitative content analysis of source quotes included in articles about same-sex marriage in The New York Times. The findings from this analysis reveal the use of not only the traditional equality master frame but also uncovered themes of children, inevitability, political evolution, and fear. The results also unearthed a lack of human interest perspective. This study adds insight into how citizens of the United States are exposed to (and may ultimately define) the issue of same-sex marriage.
When “we” changes “me”
Authors: McIntyre Kevin P. , Mattingly Brent A. , Lewandowski Gary W.
Published: October 2014

Individuals in close relationships may perceive changes to their self-concepts as a result of being with their partners. According to the two-dimensional model of relational self-change, these changes occur across two dimensions, namely direction, which reflects whether the self-concept has gained or lost content, and valence, which reflects whether the self-concept content is positive or negative. These two dimensions combine to create four distinct self-change processes, whereby individuals gain positive traits (self-expansion), gain negative traits (self-adulteration), lose positive traits (self-contraction), and lose negative traits (self-pruning). Study 1 used a longitudinal design and revealed that changes in each of the four self-processes were associated with subsequent relationship satisfaction and commitment. To further investigate the association of self-change with relationship quality, Study 2 found that processes associated with self-concept improvement (i.e., self-expansion and self-pruning) were positively associated with relationship maintenance behaviors and motivations (e.g., accommodation, forgiveness, and willingness to sacrifice), whereas processes associated with self-concept degradation (i.e., self-contraction and self-adulteration) were negatively associated with these outcomes and positively associated with behaviors that may harm the relationship (e.g., dissolution considerations, attention to alternatives, and seeking revenge).
Opportunity, discovery and creativity: A critical realist perspective
Authors: Martin Lee , Wilson Nick
Published: October 2014

In this article, we draw upon the philosophy of critical realism to reflect upon issues concerning discovery processes and opportunity development. First, paradoxes in the relationship between opportunity discovery and creativity are identified and explained. Second, the question of how to investigate opportunities is discussed and a solution informed by critical realism presented whereby three new types of discovery are identified and defined for empirical investigation. Using critical realism to augment entrepreneurial opportunity theory, we propose that discovery processes have significance beyond discovery theory and can be considered revealing for theories of opportunity development more generally. We conclude with conceptual and practical comment on the importance of ontological theorising for entrepreneurship.
“They Treat Us Like Human Beings”—Experiencing a Therapeutic Sex Offenders Prison
Authors: Blagden Nicholas , Winder Belinda , Hames Charlie
Published: October 2014

Research evidence demonstrates that sex offender treatment programmes (SOTPs) can reduce the number of sex offenders who are reconvicted. However, there has been much less empirical research exploring the experiences and perspectives of the prison environment within which treatment takes place. This is important, particularly for sexual offenders, as they often face multiple stigmas in prison. This study used a mixed-methods approach to explore the experiences of prisoners and staff at a therapeutically orientated sexual offenders’ prison to understand whether the prison environment was conducive to rehabilitation. The quantitative strand of the research sampled prisoners ( n = 112) and staff ( n = 48) from a therapeutically orientated sex offenders prison. This strand highlighted that both prisoners and staff had positive attitudes toward offenders and high beliefs that offenders could change. Importantly, the climate was rated positively and, in particular, participants had very high ratings of “experienced safety.” The qualitative strand of the research consisted of semistructured interviews with prisoners ( n = 15) and a range of prison staff ( n = 16). The qualitative analysis revealed positive prisoner views toward staff relationships, with most participants articulating that the prison and its staff had contributed to positive change in prisoners. Crucially, the environment was perceived as safe and allowed prisoners “headspace” to work through problems and contemplate change. This research offers some support to the notion that context is important for sex offender rehabilitation.
The probability of a firm making a takeover bid: An empirical analysis of Australian firms
Authors: Akhtar Farida
Published: October 2014

This study develops a prediction model to investigate the probability of firms making a takeover bid. This model draws upon a number of firm characteristics, which can be categorized under three types of theory: agency costs, hubris behaviour and synergy motives. By examining a sample of 316 Australian publicly listed firms over the period 1999–2010, this study finds that bidding firms are significantly different from non-bidding firms in terms of their cash level, leverage, capital expenditure (long-term productivity growth) and management overconfidence level. Bidding firms are predisposed to enter into takeover activities because their management’s investment decisions are primarily driven by agency, hubris behaviour and synergy motives. The findings show that hubris behaviour is more dominant in influencing managers’ investment decisions in a takeover bid rather than agency or synergy motives.
Contribution of verbal suggestion to the therapeutic efficacy of an analgesic agent for acute primary headache
Authors: Oktay Cem , Eken Cenker , Goksu Erkan , Dora Babur
Published: October 2014

Objective

The therapeutic response of a patient cannot purely be explained by the method of therapy or the efficacy of a drug. Clinician-patient interaction, psychosocial factors, patients’ expectations, hopes, beliefs and fears are all related to the healing outcome. Malleability and suggestibility are also important in the placebo or nocebo effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding brief verbal suggestions for pain relief could change the magnitude of an analgesic’s efficacy.

Methods

This prospective study was performed in the emergency department of a university hospital. Patients who were ordered analgesia with diclofenac sodium for primary headache were divided into three groups. All groups were informed that they would be administered a pain killer by intramuscular injection. The second and third groups were given positive and reduced treatment expectations about the therapeutic efficacy, respectively. Patients were asked to rate their pain on a VAS at 0 and 45 minutes and if they needed any additional analgesic 45 minutes after the injection.

Results

A total of 153 patients were included in the study. The paired univariate analyses showed significant differences for all groups between 0- and 45-minute VAS scores. However, there was no difference between the three groups according to the differences in VAS scores between 45 and 0 minutes and according to the administration of an additional drug.

Conclusion

Simple verbal suggestions did not alter the efficacy of an analgesic agent for headache in an emergency setting. The contributions of suggestibility, desire and expectation in acute primary headache patients should be further investigated.
Low cognitive reserve is associated with chronic migraine with medication overuse and poor quality of life
Authors: Gómez-Beldarrain Marian , Anton-Ladislao Ane , Aguirre-Larracoechea Urko , Oroz Isabel , García-Moncó Juan Carlos
Published: October 2014

Objective

The objective of this article is to test the hypothesis that cognitive reserve (CR) is related to migraine chronification, medication overuse and poor quality of life in migraineurs.

Design/methods

A cross-sectional study on patients with chronic migraine with medication overuse (CM-MOH), episodic migraine (EM), and controls, matched by sex, age and education, was carried out. CR was assessed by a specific questionnaire, and quality of life was measured by general and specific questionnaires (SF-36 and MSQoL). Migraine Disability Assessment Scale and Beck questionnaires for depression and anxiety were used. Medication dependence was evaluated by the medication-dependence questionnaire in headache (MDQ-H).

Results

Fifty-five individuals were enrolled: 18 CM-MOH patients (32.73%), 22 EM patients (40%) and 15 controls (27.27%). Fifty (90.91%) of them were females and aged 43.53 (7.54) years. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between the study group and CR, and all items of the SF-36, anxiety and depression questionnaires, MSQoL and MDQ-H. The lower CR and CM-MOH group were related to a worse quality of life, more anxiety and depression and the highest medication dependence scores. Multivariate analysis showed that higher CR scores were related to higher quality of life as measured by the physical and mental composite scores of the SF-36, and to lower anxiety (beta = −1.08, p = 0.001) and depression (beta = −0.56, p = 0.03) levels. Focusing on MSQoL, the increase in CR was predictive of a better quality of life (beta = 1.88, p < 0.0001). By all the models, the explained variance of the sample ranged from 39% (mental composite score) to 58% (MSQoL).

Conclusions

Low CR appears to be an independent factor associated with the deterioration of quality of life, the presence of anxiety and depression, and drug dependence and medication overuse in CM-MOH.
Migraine, cardiovascular disease, and stroke during pregnancy: Systematic review of the literature
Authors: Wabnitz Ashley , Bushnell Cheryl
Published: October 2014

Objective

The objective of this article is to review the literature relating migraine, cardiovascular disease, and stroke during pregnancy in order to better define the relationship between migraines and vascular disease.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature using Medline and Cochrane Review with the following search terms: migraine AND pregnancy and vascular disease OR myocardial infarction OR heart disease OR stroke OR cerebrovascular disease OR hypertension in pregnancy. We also reviewed the bibliographies of papers identified in this search to obtain additional relevant studies.

Results

Of the 219 papers obtained with the primary search, we found 17 that were topically relevant. Altogether, there is an increased risk both of gestational hypertension (OR range from 1.23 to 1.68) and preeclampsia (OR range 1.08 to 3.5) in migraineurs compared to nonmigraineurs. In addition, there is an association between an increased risk of ischemic stroke in pregnancy (OR range 7.9 to 30.7), particularly with active migraine. There is also an association between migraine and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and heart disease (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.7, 14.2), and thromboembolic events during pregnancy (deep venous thrombosis OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3, 4.2 and pulmonary embolus OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7, 5.6).

Conclusion

In this review, we summarized the association between migraine and risk of vascular disease during pregnancy, based on the available literature. Given the limited amount of data, more research on these associations is needed to determine which women with migraine may be at risk while pregnant.
Association of age at onset of migraine with family history of migraine in children attending a pediatric headache clinic: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Eidlitz-Markus Tal , Haimi-Cohen Yishay , Zeharia Avraham
Published: October 2014

Aim

Migraine is known to run in families and has long been considered a strongly heritable disorder. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between age at onset of pediatric migraine and family history of migraine.

Methods

Review of the medical files of the headache clinic of a tertiary pediatric medical center yielded 344 children with migraine for whom details on migraine in family members were available.

Results

Mean age of the cohort was 11.69 ± 3.49 years, and mean frequency of headache per month, 13.68 ± 11.26. Mean age at migraine onset in patients with a negative parental history was10.48 ± 3.39 years; in patients with one parent with migraine, 8.84 ± 3.72 years; and in patients with both parents with migraine, 7.32 ± 3.22 years ( p < 0.001).The duration of migraine attacks (in hours) was significantly longer in patients with any family member with migraine than in those with no family history ( p = 0.026).

Conclusions

Among children attending a tertiary pediatric headache clinic, migraine appears at a younger age in those with parental history of migraine than in those with a negative family history. The findings suggest that having a genetic background of migraine makes a child more susceptible to migraine earlier in life than a child without a family history.
Squatting Mechanics in People With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bell David R. , Kulow Stephanie M. , Stiffler Mikel R. , Smith Mason D.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Single-legged squat mechanics change after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and rehabilitation, but it is unclear if changes in squat mechanics are graft specific.

Purpose:

To investigate graft differences in biomechanics of the knee, hip, and trunk during the single-legged squat in patients with ACL-reconstructed knees, determine if these factors were associated with deficits in knee extension moment, and determine if subjective knee function and squat biomechanics are related.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 106 individuals were grouped based on surgical status and graft type (51 control, 34 bone–patellar tendon–bone [BPTB], 21 ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis autograft [ISGA]). Motion capture interfaced with force plates was used to capture single-legged squat performance in the ACL reconstructed and dominant control limbs. Variables were captured at peak knee flexion.

Results:

Controls exhibited greater knee extension moment ( P = .04), knee flexion ( P = .002), and hip adduction angles ( P = .04) compared with the reconstructed groups. The ISGA group demonstrated greater forward ( P = .01) and lateral ( P = .002) trunk flexion over the reconstructed limb. Summated extension moment did not differ between groups ( P = .42). Knee extension moment was correlated with lateral trunk flexion ( r = −0.31, P = .03) in the control group and knee flexion angle ( r = −0.44, P = .04) in the ISGA group. Subjective knee function scores were correlated with lateral trunk flexion ( r = −0.45, P = .008) in the BPTB group and with hip adduction angle ( r = −0.46, P = .04) and hip extension moment ( r = 0.48, P = .03) in the ISGA group.

Conclusion:

Knee and hip biomechanics were related to surgical status but not graft type. Increased forward and lateral trunk motion in the ISGA group may be a mechanism to protect the knee by minimizing motion during squatting or related to surgical selection bias. Secondary findings (summated extensor moments and correlations) most likely represent a strategy to shift the squat demands from the knee to the hip.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should target these neuromuscular deficits during rehabilitation and training programs after ACL reconstruction.
Effect of layer shift on the out-of-plane permeability of 0°/90° noncrimp fabrics
Authors: Fang Liangchao , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Junbiao , Deng Chao , Li Dejia , Liu Fa
Published: October 2014

Layer shift has a great effect on the permeability which is a key parameter in resin transfer molding. In this paper, nine different unit cells were modeled based on the range of layer shift and decomposed into zones of characteristic yarn arrangement, respectively. For each unit cell, a set of equations was derived allowing description of the local permeability of each zone as a function of geometrical yarn parameters. The overall permeability was then modeled as a mixture of permeabilities of different zones with the electrical resistance analogy. Excellent agreement was found between predictions and experiment. Both results indicated that the channel flow had a dominant role in the whole flow through the fabrics. And the permeability values reached maximum when the empty regions were interconnected between upper and lower layers. In addition, the effect of fiber volume fraction on the differences of two extreme cases was also investigated.
Reading Instruction in Science for Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Kaldenberg Erica R. , Watt Sarah J. , Therrien William J.
Published: October 2014

As a growing number of students with learning disabilities (LD) receive science instruction in general education settings, students with LD continue to perform significantly lower than their non-disabled peers. The shift from textbook-driven instruction to inquiry-based approaches to science learning supports students who struggle with reading. However, research continues to show that for students to fully access the science curriculum, it is critical to address effective ways to increase reading comprehension of expository science text. This meta-analysis identified 20 studies from 12 articles that evaluated the efficacy of such interventions. Effect sizes were calculated for each study. Across all studies, a mean effect size (ES) of 0.98 was obtained. Findings align with past research on reading comprehension of expository text indicating that students with LD benefit from explicit vocabulary instruction (ES = 1.25) and the use of multicomponent interventions (ES = 0.64) when reading science-related material.
If You Have High Emotional Intelligence (EI), You Must Trust in Your Abilities
Authors: Salguero José M. , Extremera Natalio , Cabello Rosario , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo
Published: October 2014

Recent research has suggested that the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and depression is dependent on the type of EI measured (ability EI vs. perceived EI) and on gender. Whereas perceived EI is negatively related with depression in both men and women, only men with high levels of ability EI report less of a depressive affect. An intriguing question arises from these results: Is ability EI an important resource to reduce negative moods in women, and if so, when? In this study, we tried to shed light on this by examining the interaction effect of ability EI and perceived EI on depression in women. Participants were 213 female students who completed an ability measure of EI, a self-report measure of EI, and a depression inventory. Results showed that perceived EI moderated the associations between ability EI and depression, with ability EI being negatively related with depression only in women with high levels of perceived EI. We discuss the importance of integrating ability EI and perceived EI in the EI theory, as well as practical implications of their interactive effects.
Development and Initial Validation of the Student Rating of Environmental Stressors Scale
Authors: Suldo Shannon M. , Dedrick Robert F. , Shaunessy-Dedrick Elizabeth , Roth Rachel A. , Ferron John
Published: October 2014

High school students in accelerated curricula face stressors beyond typical adolescent developmental challenges. The Student Rating of Environmental Stressors Scale (StRESS) is a self-report measure of environmental stressors appropriate for students in Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. We developed the StRESS in parallel with a new measure of coping designed for this same population. Items were derived from sentiments expressed during focus groups and individual interviews with 177 students, 72 parents, and 47 teachers. Multiple iterations of expert review and item analyses focusing on conceptual clarity and comprehensiveness resulted in 75 items reflecting stressors across domains, including school, home, and peers. High school students in AP or IB ( N = 727) completed the 75-item inventory. Exploratory factor analyses and additional item review indicated a five-factor solution with 32 items. Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities ranged from .67 to .88. Five additional items representing a composite of Major Life Events also were included. The five factors and Major Life Events composite had test–retest reliabilities greater than .70. These scores were related to multiple conceptualizations of stress, as well as academic outcomes (GPA and attendance) and mental health (life satisfaction and anxiety), thus supporting the construct validity of the StRESS scores. Further support for the five-factor structure of the StRESS was provided by results of a confirmatory factor analysis (standardized root mean square residual = .051, root mean square error of approximation = .048, comparative fit index = .900) with a separate sample of 2,193 AP and IB students.