bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des enfants des élites post-soviétiques dans les pensions suisses
Authors: Bertron Caroline
Published: January 2019

En partant des transformations de pensionnats privés internationaux en Suisse et de leurs publics, cet article s’attache à montrer que la scolarité dans une école dite internationale et à l’étranger n’a pas toujours un effet de levier « international » dans les trajectoires ultérieures des élèves. Le cas des élèves issus de familles russes fortunées, envoyés en Suisse pour leur scolarité secondaire dans les années 1990 et 2000, permet de saisir la formation de trajectoires élitaires individuelles et collectives plus nuancées que l’alternative d’un retour dans le champ du pouvoir national ou d’une carrière professionnelle internationale. L’article montre les aspirations contradictoires qui accompagnent ces scolarités mais aussi la force des ancrages locaux et les voies d’installation en Suisse développés par les ancien·ne·s élèves dans les années qui suivent leur sortie du pensionnat.
« L’Algérie n’a pas faim ! »
Authors: Hadj Belgacem Samir
Published: January 2019

Cet article introduit un texte peu connu du sociologue algérien Abdelmalek Sayad, publié dans le journal étudiant Sorbonne(s) Nouvelles en 1989, intitulé « Algérie : les causes profondes du soulèvement d’octobre ». Traitant des protestations populaires d’octobre 1988, qui ont conduit à la crise du régime algérien et à l’ouverture du régime au pluralisme partisan, cette publication est remarquable, car elle constitue une des rares prises de position publiques du sociologue sur des faits d’actualité en Algérie. En partant des archives de l’article (version publiée et version manuscrite transmise au comité de rédaction), L’enjeu est de resituer l’histoire de cette publication et de saisir les origines biographiques d’une prise de position fortement critique du nationalisme et du gouvernement FLN. L’étude de cet article permet de réfléchir aux logiques d’engagement politique du chercheur, encore peu étudiées, Sayad s’étant appliqué à distinguer tout au long de sa carrière les sphères savante et militante.
Évaluation thérapeutique et dépression de l’enfant : faire du bilan psychologique une intervention familiale brève
Authors: Chudzik Lionel , Frackowiak Marita , Finn Stephen E.
Published: January 2019

L’évaluation thérapeutique (ET), née du courant de l’évaluation collaborative, est une intervention structurée et brève dans laquelle le bilan psychologique occupe une place centrale. Élaborée par Finn pour des patients adultes dans un premier temps, cette méthode a connu, ces dernières années, un développement riche et stimulant auprès des enfants et de leur famille. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter ces développements par un cas clinique. Ces techniques comportent, entre autres, l’élaboration des questions des parents, l’observation par les parents des différentes passations de leur enfant, l’élaboration du conte pour restituer les résultats à l’enfant. Ainsi, nous découvrons comment le bilan psychologique, pratique courante du psychologue, peut avoir un véritable potentiel thérapeutique sur la famille tout entière. Cette illustration nous sera fournie par l’évaluation thérapeutique conduite avec la famille de Nicolas, 10 ans. Cette famille consulte en raison de la grande tristesse de Nicolas et de sa tendance à voir tout en noir. L’ensemble des rencontres et des différentes techniques d’évaluation utilisées avec cet enfant, conduira progressivement ses parents à comprendre comment la façon dont le système familial gère les émotions a amené Nicolas à se renfermer dans un désespoir intense.
La clinique du traumatisme chez l’enfant de la guerre s’accorde-t-elle avec la notion de diagnostic ?
Authors: Gannagé Myrna
Published: January 2019

La clinique du traumatisme en psychopathologie infanto-juvénile est complexe. Nous réfléchissons, dans cet article, à la notion de diagnostic, à partir de nos recherches et de notre expérience clinique au Liban Sud. L’évaluation des troubles psychiques des enfants, en suite des bombardements du village de Cana, en 1996 et 2006, nous a conduit à établir une distinction entre l’événement traumatique et le traumatisme et à critiquer le concept d’état de stress post-traumatique. Des diagnostics posés, selon la classification de la CIM 10, dans une population comprenant 160 garçons et 105 filles, âgés entre 6 et 12 ans, sont exposés. Ces 265 enfants, ont consulté dans des Centres médico-psychologiques créés après le bombardement de Cana. Nous montrons, à partir du suivi psychologique d’un garçon âgé de 6 ans, Antoine, que la classification internationale des troubles mentaux (CIM 10) ne rend pas compte de la complexité du fonctionnement psychique de l’enfant. Nous proposons un modèle du diagnostic fondé sur la théorie de l’attachement.
Une étude critique du test d’intelligence logique de J.-M. Lahy
Authors: Turbiaux Marcel
Published: January 2019

De nombreuses tentatives ont été faites (et continuent à être faites) de définir et de mesurer l’intelligence. En 1927, J.-M. Lahy proposa un test « d’intelligence logique », qu’il définit « l’élément commun à toutes les explications de l’intelligence », à savoir « le raisonnement spontané ». Ce test fut un des tests les plus utilisés dans les pays de langue française. Néanmoins, en 1913, il fit l’objet d’une « étude critique » de la part de deux enseignants du collège Saint-Georges de Québec. C’est cette étude qui est présentée dans cet article.
Se mettre à l’IDEX ou être mis à l’index
Authors: Aust Jérôme , Mazoyer Harold , Musselin Christine
Published: January 2019

En étudiant le cas des appels d’offres Initiatives d’excellence lancés par l’État pour transformer les établissements d’enseignement supérieur en « universités de classe mondiale », cet article analyse la fabrique d’un nouvel ordre compétitif au sein du monde académique français. Ces appels d’offres instaurent une compétition entre les sites et invitent leurs établissements à transformer leur gouvernance : ils réforment ainsi les entités en compétition et les critères de hiérarchisation qui prévalent au sein du système académique français. Ce nouvel ordre produit de nouvelles inégalités qui profitent aux sites qui disposent des capacités d’action collective les plus fortes, mais aussi de caractéristiques institutionnelles qui répondent aux nouveaux critères de hiérarchisation. Pour être comprises, ces transformations doivent être envisagées comme le produit de l’articulation entre différents registres de mobilisation des instruments – la conformation, l’appropriation, la résistance – et d’interactions continues entre gouvernants et gouvernés.
Le discours du directoire de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) de 2007 à 2015 : quelle inflexion austéritaire après la crise financière ?
Authors: Guilbert Thierry , Lebaron Frédéric
Published: January 2019

Partant de l’hypothèse d’une inflexion dans les discours austéritaires après la crise de 2008, nous analysons les speeches du directoire de la Bancque centrale européenne (BCE) de 2007 à 2015. En effet, à partir de 2010-2011, dans le sillage du G7+ qui s’est tenu en février 2010, le discours de la BCE, alors sous la présidence de Jean-Claude Trichet, se révèle être un discours qui, s’il continue à produire sa propre validation, vise aussi à prescrire aux gouvernements et aux acteurs économiques de « nouvelles » normes de comportement ; des normes qu’il n’édictait pas de cette façon auparavant. Nous analysons donc cette inflexion par une méthode mixte (quantitative/qualitative) et sociodiscursive dans les speeches en français de son directoire. La BCE apparaît comme l’un des « appareils spécifiques » de l’ordre austéritaire en ce qu’elle vise à imposer des normes morales, monétaires et budgétaires aux États.
L’analyse du discours économique du point de vue de l’économie. Analyse de l’argumentation et de la réception de l’article de trois économistes du Fonds monétaire international (FMI)
Authors: Longuet Stéphane , Marques Pereira Jaime
Published: January 2019

En juin 2016, trois économistes du FMI publient dans la revue de cette organisation un article qui connaît un fort retentissement lié à l’utilisation du mot néolibéralisme pour qualifier certaines politiques économiques, dont les politiques d’austérité. Nous montrons que les ressorts des discussions autour de l’article sont contenus dans les caractéristiques du texte, dont les procédés rhétoriques témoignent d’une volonté d’élargir l’audience, et dans le dispositif institutionnel qui permet d’établir une norme d’interprétation. Nous analysons ensuite la réception de l’article dans la presse francophone, partagée entre la reprise de la norme d’interprétation et la mise en scène d’une distance à l’égard du FMI, et dans l’aire anglophone, structurée autour du Financial Times dont un éditorial et la présence en son sein d’un débat, révèlent une configuration discursive « polémico-consensuelle ». Plus qu’une rupture, l’article du FMI témoigne d’une reconfiguration du discours sur l’austérité.
Réparations conversationnelles dans un entretien d’asile interprété par téléphone
Authors: Määttä Simo K. , Wiklund Mari
Published: January 2019

Cet article porte sur les initiateurs de réparation non spécifiées ( open class repair initiators) dans un entretien d’asile (durée 2 : 22 : 15) interprété par téléphone en Finlande entre le finnois, la langue de l’enquêteur, et le français, la langue du demandeur d’asile. Une initiation de réparation non spécifiée indique que l’ensemble d’un tour de parole est conçu comme problématique et/ou que la nature du problème ou l’élément problématique restent peu clairs. Ce genre d’initiation indique que le destinataire n’a pas entendu le tour, ne l’a pas compris ou veut donner l’impression qu’il ne l’a pas entendu ou compris. L’étude de ce type de réparations permet d’émettre des hypothèses concernant les causes des incompréhensions et malentendus apparaissant dans une conversation institutionnelle interprétée par téléphone et de décrire les stratégies de résolution de ces situations problématiques. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette étude relève de l’analyse conversationnelle, enrichie de perspectives fournies par les études portant sur l’interprétation et la sociolinguistique critique.
Vesicourethral anastomosis including rhabdosphincter in retropubic radical prostatectomy: Technique and results
Authors: Topaktaş Ramazan , Ürkmez Ahmet , Kutluhan Musab Ali , Başıbüyük İsmail , Önol Şinasi Yavuz
Published: January 2019

Objective: Retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) is still widely used in clinical practice in localized prostate cancer because of its high oncological success. The aim of this study was to define the continence status in patients where rhabdosphincter was included in the vesicourethral anastomosis. Materials and methods: Between November 2004 and September 2010, 90 cases who underwent RRP by the same surgeon in our clinic were taken into the study. In all cases vesicourethral anastomosis was performed include the rhabdosphincter. The anastomosis was performed with mean 2.9 (0-7) interrupted no 2-0 vicryl sutures, depending on the angulation of symphysis pubis and pelvic cavity. Pad test was performed to all patients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. We defined patients as ‘continent’ when they no need pad, as ‘mild incontinence’ when they use only one pad daily, as ‘moderate incontinence’ when they use two or three pads daily and as ‘severe incontinence’ when they use more than three pads daily. Results: Preoperative total PSA value was 12.2 ng/ml (range: 2.7-84 ng/ml). Preoperative prostate biopsy results were found that Gleason scores were 5, 6, 7 and 8 in 7, 53, 21, 9 patients, respectively. Mean operation and urethral catheter removal time was 103 minutes (60-200) and 14,6 days (9-28), respectively. Mean hospital stay was 4.6 days (2-20). According to results of postoperative pad tests, 38 (42.2%), 48 (53.3%), 55 (61.1%) and 75 (83.3%) patients were defined as continent in first, third, sixth and twelfth months, respectively. Conclusions: We think that, our novel technique of vesicourethral anastomosis in standard RRP provides more optimal urethral position during fixation of pelvic floor and urethra, protect caudal retraction, preserve functional urethral length. Also strong full thickness stitch on urethra provides better urinary continence by hanging urethra in our patients. Although our early continence rate is better, our long term continence rate is similar to literature.
The overtreatment of illusory May Thurner syndrome
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Franceschi Claude , Del Frate Roberto
Published: January 2019

Not available
Potential Mediators of Load-Related Changes in Movement Complexity in Young, Healthy Adults
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Rhea Christopher K. , Schmitz Randy J. , Ross Scott E.
Published: January 2019

Context

Movement screening has become increasingly popular among tactical professionals. This popularity has motivated the design of interventions that cater to improving outcomes on the screens themselves, which are often scored in reference to an objective norm. In contrast to the assumptions underlying this approach, dynamical systems theory suggests that movements arise as a function of continuously evolving constraints and that optimal movement strategies may not exist. To date, few data address behavioral complexity in the fundamental movement tasks commonly used in clinical screenings.

Objective

To provide evidence of complex variability during movement screens and test the role of modifiable—that is, trainable—constraints in mediating loss of complexity during experimental-task manipulations.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-five male (age = 23.96 ± 3.74 years, height = 178.82 ± 7.51 cm, mass = 79.66 ± 12.66 kg) and 25 female (age = 22.00 ± 2.02 years, height = 165.40 ± 10.24 cm, mass = 63.98 ± 11.07 kg) recreationally active adults.

Intervention(s)

Participants performed tests of balance, range of motion, and strength. Additionally, they performed cyclical movement tasks under a control (C) condition and while wearing an 18.10-kg weight vest (W).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Ground reaction forces were sampled at 1000 Hz and used to calculate center of pressure during cyclical movement tests. Multivariate multiscale entropy (MMSE) for the center-of-pressure signal was then calculated. Condition effects (C versus W) were analyzed using paired t tests, and penalized varying-coefficients regression was used to identify models predicting entropy outcomes from balance, range of motion, and strength.

Results

The MMSE decreased during the W condition (MMSEC > MMSEW; t49 range = 3.17–5.21; all P values < .01).

Conclusions

Moderate evidence supported an association between modifiable constraints and behavioral complexity, but a role in mediating load-related loss of complexity was not demonstrated.
Fine motor deficits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary school children
Authors: Mokobane Maria , Pillay Basil J. , Meyer Anneke M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display motor deficiencies during their daily routine, which may have impact on their developmental course. Children with ADHD who experience motor deficiencies often display deficits in tasks requiring movements, such as handwriting.Aim: This study investigated deficiencies in fine motor skills in primary school children with ADHD. The study further sought to establish whether ADHD subtypes differ in deficiencies of fine motor performance, recorded for both the dominant and non-dominant hands.Methods: The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, completed by educators and parents, was used to screen for ADHD symptoms. Researchers confirmed the diagnosis of ADHD. Motor functioning was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard and Maze Coordination. The children diagnosed with ADHD were matched for age and gender with controls without ADHD. The sample consisted of an ADHD group (160) and control group (160) of primary school children from the Moletjie area.Results: Children with ADHD (predominantly inattentive subtype) and ADHD (combined subtype) performed significantly more poorly than the control group on the Grooved Pegboard (p < 0.05) with both the dominant and non-dominant hand. No significant difference between the hyperactivity and impulsiveness subtype and the controls were found. There was no difference on the Maze Coordination Task (p > 0.05) between the ADHD subtypes and the controls.Conclusion: Difficulties in fine motor skills are prevalent in children with ADHD, particularly in the ADHD-PI and ADHD-C. Problems are encountered in distal, complex, speeded tasks. The effect may lead to poor handwriting and academic performance.
Heat and mass transfer modelling of continuous Wurster-spray-granulation with external product classification
Authors: Mueller Daniel , Bueck Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: January 2019

Wurster granulation with external product classification can be used for stable continuous coating or layering processes. It has been ascertained from recent population balance simulations that the ratio of the spray rate to the nuclei feed rate can be used to control the thickness of the sprayed product layer. However, thermal conditions are not considered by population balances regarding the particle size as distributed property. For this reason, heat and mass transfer is investigated in the present contribution by modelling of several subprocesses. The results can be used to discuss the cause of fluidized bed destabilization due to over-wetting. Keywords: continuous operation; Wurster fluidized bed; spray granulation; spray limits; heat and mass transfer
Spray drying of high viscous food concentrates: Investigations on the applicability of an Air-Core-Liquid-Ring (ACLR) nozzle for liquid atomization.
Authors: Wittner Marc Oliver , Karbstein Heike Petra , Gaukel Volker
Published: January 2019

Spray drying is widely used for powder production from liquid concentrates. Often low input temperatures are desired, as many materials, like proteins, are sensitive to heat. However, this demand leads to increased concentrate viscosities. Commonly used pressure swirl atomizers are limited concerning maximum processible viscosity. In this study, a so called Air-Core-Liquid-Ring Atomizer is used for pilot scale spray drying of whey protein concentrate (WPC80) at 40 °C and hence a viscosity of 0.09 Pa s. The produced powder was compared to an industrially produced reference. As a result, no significant differences in particle size distribution and particle morphology were observed. Keywords: spray drying, atomization, ACLR, high viscous feeds, whey protein concentrate.
Drying characteristics and quality of lemon slices dried undergone Coulomb force assisted heat pump drying
Authors: Chin S. K. , Lee Y. H. , Chung B. K.
Published: January 2019

In this research, a Coulomb force assisted heat pump (CF-HP) dryer was invented for the purpose of improving the drying characteristics and product quality of biomaterials. As compared to heat pump drying alone, the assistance of Coulomb force in heat pump dryer enhanced the drying rates and effective moisture diffusivity of lemon slices up to 26%, which eventually shortened the total drying time to 40%. This saved the total energy consumption of HP drying by 31.5%. High retention of vitamin C and TPC were also found in CF-HP dried slices due to mild drying temperature and fast drying rate. Keywords: Coulomb force; Heat pump drying; Drying rate; Vitamin C; Total Phenolic Content (TPC).
Heat recovery from biomass drying in energy systems
Authors: Havlik J. , Dlouhý T.
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with energy savings by the heat recovery of waste vapour from moist biomass drying in energy systems. Drying is an energy-intensive process. Energy consumption can be reduced by using indirect drying by recuperating the heat of waste vapour generated in the process; however the vapour is polluted by air and small mechanical particles. Experiments with green wood chips were realized on an indirect dryer with a condensing heat exchanger to experimentally verify the grade and conditions of heat recovery from waste vapour. On the basis of the experimental results, the potential of the heat recovery from waste vapour was evaluated. Keywords: Indirect drying; Biomass; Waste vapour; Heat recovery
Thin layer drying behaviour of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans
Authors: Mujaffar Saheeda , Ramroop Aveena , Sukha Darin
Published: January 2019

To assess the impact of a rest interval and bean turning on the thin-layer drying behavior of fermented cocoa beans, beans of mixed Trinitario varieties were dried in a cabinet oven at three temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) using three drying regimes, namely; continuous drying, intermittent drying (drying for 8h with a rest period of 16h), and intermittent drying with turning of beans.  Moisture content, water activity, pH and colour attributes were measured and sensory evaluation of the cocoa liquor carried out on selected samples.  Drying curves were constructed and drying rate constants (k) and effective diffusivity (Deff) values determined. Keywords: Oven-drying; Fick’s Law; Rate constant; Diffusion coefficient
Improvement of pea protein isolate powder properties by agglomeration in a fluidized bed: comparison between binder solutions
Authors: Taranto Osvaldir Pereira , Nascimento R. F. , Andreola K , Rosa J. G.
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to compare the agglomeration process of pea protein isolate (PPI) using water and aqueous gum Arabic solution as binder liquids. Drying air temperature and binder flow rate were set at 75 °C and 3.1 mL/min, respectively. Moisture content, mean particle size, wetting time and flowability were analyzed. Using water as binder liquid, the responses were (4.0 ± 0.4)%, 316.13 ± 16.73 μm, 10 s and free flow, respectively. Aqueous gum Arabic solution provided (2.9 ± 0.5)%, 462.67 ± 51.23 μm, 3 s and free flow as responses. Gum Arabic solution showed to be a more promising binder.Keywords: Agglomeration; Pulsed fluidized bed; Pea protein isolate; Wetting time; Flowability
Influence of drying conditions on the acacia gum particle growth in fluidized bed agglomeration: in-line monitoring of particle size
Authors: Rosa Juliana G , Nascimento R. F. , Andreola K. , Taranto O. P.
Published: January 2019

Acacia gum is an important food emulsifier that presents poor instant properties which can be improved by fluidized bed agglomeration. This study investigated the influence of drying conditions on particle growth kinetics using an in-line particle size monitoring by spatial filter velocimetry. The drying conditions varied according to the binder flow rate and the fluidizing air temperature. The particle growth kinectis showed drying conditions dependence. At mild drying conditions the growth rate and the process yield were higher. The in-line particle size monitoring was useful to observe the influence of the drying conditions on the growth kinetics.Keywords: fluidized bed agglomeration; acacia gum; particle growth kinectis; in-line monitoring.
Agglomeration of hydrolyzed collagen with blackberry pulp in a fluidized bed
Authors: Viegas Thayná R , Taranto Osvaldir Pereira
Published: January 2019

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a fine powder applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries which has shown good results in the treatment of diseases related to bones, skin and joints. In this  study, HC particles were agglomerated in order to increase particle size, optimizing its use as a food ingredient, its handling and its storage. Agglomeration is a process that not only enlarge the size of fine particles, but also improves its properties, such as instantanization time and flowability. The aim of this work was the agglomeration of HC in a fluidized bed having blackberry pulp as a liquid binder. A full factorial design 22 was used to study the effect of the temperature of the fluidizing air (60, 70, 80ºC) and the flow rate of the liquid binder (0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mL/min) on the process yield, mean particle size, water activity and total anthocyanins content. It was observed that anthocyanins content from the blackberry pulp had higher values with lower temperatures. Water activity had lower values with higher temperatures, but in all conditions, it was lower than 0.6. The enlargement of the granules was observed in all conditions studied, increasing up to 275%. Process yield varied from 67,9 to 80,0%. In all conditions, the instantanization time and flowability improved compared to hydrolyzed collagen before agglomeration.Keywords: hydrolyzed collagen; agglomeration; granulation; fluidized bed; blackberry pulp
CT-scanning of the drying process of Eucalyptus nitens
Authors: Couceiro José , Hansson Lars , Ambrož Ahec , Sandberg Dick
Published: January 2019

The drying of Eucalyptus nitens is a troublesome process as the species is extremely prone to drying defects. This paper reports ongoing research to improve the understanding of surface checking and cell collapse in Chilean grown Eucalyptus nitens during drying. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was used as a powerful tool for studying the internal changes in the wood-material during the drying process. Different levels of temperatures have been tested with the same equilibrium moisture content (EMC) conditions and low air velocity. The results confirm that a low drying temperature and a low air velocity, which results in a slow rate of drying, reduce internal cell collapse  and surface checking . Keywords: Cell collapse; computed tomography; surface checks; wood drying; internal checks
Cellulosic fibre drying: fundamental understanding and process modeling
Authors: Mondal Sabyasachi , Agarwala Puja , Dutta Suvankar , Naik-Nimbalkar Vishvas , Pande Pratik , Dhumal Sunil
Published: January 2019

Process modeling of conveyer dryer for cellulosic fibre drying demands many fundamental insights. Present study highlights detailed cellulosic fibre drying aspects like mass transfer correlation relating mass transfer rate with process conditions, normalized drying curve and critical moisture content. Cellulosic fibre drying follows falling rate period, where rate of mass transfer decreases with moisture content. Conveyer dryer process model for commercial cellulosic fibre drying was developed and validated successfully. Moderate drying strategy derived based on developed process model and drying fundamentals was deployed at commercial scale which helped in reducing the moisture variability. Keywords: Cellulosic fibre, Conveyor dryer, Process Model, Sherwood number, Moderate drying
A pore-scale study on the drying kinetics and mechanical behavior of particle aggregates
Authors: Kharaghani A. , Pham T. S. , Chareyre B. , Tsotsas E.
Published: January 2019

A discrete thermo-mechanical drying model is developed to investigate the interaction between the porous structure and the drying characteristics of dense particle aggregates. The solid phase consists of polydisperse spherical particles in the micrometer range and the void space is constructed by a complementary network of tetrahedral pores. A modified version of the classical invasion percolation algorithm is set up to describe the preferential evaporation of the confined liquid in the pores. Thus, the evolution of the liquid distribution throughout the complex disordered medium can be simulated. In a one-way coupling scheme, capillary forces caused by both fluid pressure and surface tension are computed over time from the filling state of pores and they are applied as loads on each primary particle in the discrete element method. Based on this robust approach the drying kinetics and the mechanical behavior of several different aggregates with various fractions of small and large particles are simulated and quantified.Keywords: Pore network model; discrete element method; Solid-fluid interaction; capillary force, Convective drying.
Thermo-economic analysis of an efficient lignite-fired power system integrated with flue gas fan mill pre-drying
Authors: Yan Junjie , Han Xiaoqu , Wang Jiahuan , Liu Ming , Karellas Sotirios
Published: January 2019

Lignite is a domestic strategic reserve of low rank coals in many countries for its abundant resource and competitive price. Combustion for power generation is still an important approach to its utilization. However, the high moisture content always results in low efficiencies of lignite-direct-fired power plants. Lignite pre-drying is thus proposed as an effective method to improve the energy efficiency. The present work focuses on the flue gas pre-dried lignite-fired power system (FPLPS), which is integrated with fan mill pulverizing system and waste heat recovery. The thermo-economic analysis model was developed to predict its energy saving potential at design conditions. The pre-drying upgrade factor was defined to express the coupling of pre-drying system with boiler system and the efficiency improvement effect. The energy saving potential of the FPLPS, when applied in a 600 MW supercritical power unit, was determined to be 1.48 %-pts. It was concluded that the improvement of boiler efficiency mainly resulted from the lowered boiler exhaust temperature after firing pre-dried low moisture content lignite and the lowered dryer exhaust gas temperature after pre-heating the boiler air supply. Keywords: lignite; pre-drying; thermodynamic analysis; thermo-economics
Effects of different drying methods on the physicochemical properties of powders obtained from high-oleic palm oil nanoemulsions
Authors: Quintanilla-Carvajal Maria Ximena , Hernández-Carrión M. , Moyano-Molano M. , Ricaurte L. , Moreno F.L.
Published: January 2019

Nanoencapsulation is an efficient process to incorporate high nutritional oils, such as high oleic palm oil (HOPO). Several drying technologies can be applied for obtaining HOPO powders. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two different drying methods (spray-drying, SP and freeze-drying, FD) on some physical properties and microstructure of powders obtained from HOPO nanoemulsions. Results showed that FD powders presented lower aw and bulk density, and higher dissolution rate than SD powders. Results suggest that SD could be a more economical alternative to FD in order to obtain HOPO powders with low moisture and aw. Keywords: freeze-drying; high oleic palm oil; nanoemulsion; spray drying
Dynamic optimization of the transmission efficiency between the solid state microwave sources and the microwave applicator
Authors: Zuber Simon , Joss Marcel , Tresch S. , Kleingries M.
Published: January 2019

Microwaves are a fast way to dry moist goods through volumetric heating. During the drying process, materials change their electrical properties. As a result, the impedances at the feed port of the applicator will change and the microwave source is not matched anymore. The amount of reflected power increases and the process efficiency reduces. New semiconductor high power sources can perform a dynamic impedance matching. A lab scaled functional model with two sources was designed and realized. For measuring the scattering parameters during the process run, an embedded two-port vector network analyzer was added. Measurement results confirm the feasibility of the concept.   Keywords: Microwave drying, dynamic efficiency optimization, multichannel feed, solid state based microwave source
Comparison between the finite differences, finite volume and finite element methods for the modelling of convective drying of fruit slices
Authors: Moreno Fabian Leonardo , Castro Adriana María , Mayorga Edgar Yesid
Published: January 2019

Three numerical methods, finite differences, finite volume and finite element, were compared to know their convenience in the simulation of convective drying of fruit slices. The mathematical treatment, the stability, the convergence and the sensibility were analysed for each method. The data of the simulations were compared with the data of feijoa dried at 60°C, 5 mm of thickness and air velocity of 0.5ms-1. The error was 7%, 13% and 17% for finite element, finite volume and finite differences respectively. The method selection depends on the software, the required data precision and the use of the model. Keywords: mathematical model; convective drying; numerical methods
Multifluid macroscopic approach to drying in papermaking
Authors: Durán-Olivencia Francisco J. , Farzad Milad , Tilley Burt S. , Yagoobi Jamal S.
Published: January 2019

Drying process represents one of the main energy-consuming stages for a broad variety of manufacturers. However, despite its significant impact on energy efficiency, most implementations at manufacturing level do not operate within the optimal conditions. This work investigates the interplay among different parameters involved into the paper-drying process. To do so, we analyze both experimental and numerical results. The theoretical approach couples a non-isothermal flow, along with the heat transfer and transport of different fluids participating. Our results, experimental and numerical, show a good agreement according to the characteristic drying time scale. The results thus enable to estimate the impact of different mechanisms into drying process. Keywords: paper-drying process; free water; bound water; papermaking.
Fixed-bed drying of grains: analysis of the structural properties of packed-beds of non-spherical particles
Authors: Ferreira Maria do Carmo , Altino Heitor O Nogueira
Published: January 2019

Structural properties of packed-beds of non-spherical biological materials were investigated. The particles tested were oats, lentil, barley and soy, with sphericity ranging from 0.4 to 0.8. Porous alumina particles with sphericity of 0.98 were also included. The particles dimensions and sphericity were measured under moisture content ranging from the equilibrium up to 24% (dry basis). Mean voidage, bulk density, permeability and tortuosity of the packed-beds were obtained in the whole moisture range. The data were used as input into a correlation to predict Sherwood numbers under constant air velocity and the results were compared to evaluate the influence of packing characteristics on convective mass transfer. Keywords: Sphericity; Permeability, Tortuosity, Fixed-Bed Dryers.
Drying of microalga Spirulina platensis in a rotary dryer with inert bed
Authors: Barrozo Marcos A.S. , Silva N. C. , Silva T. C. , Santos A. O. , Graton I. S. , Duarte C. R.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this work is  investigate the use of a rotary dryer with inert bed for drying of microalga Spirulina platensis. The influence of air temperature, feed rate, rotation speed and inerts filling degree was quantified. The contents of main bioactive compounds were also analyzed. The results shown that the used drying system proved to be an interesting alternative for a possible use of this microalga, if performed under adequate conditions. It was identified conditions with high drying performance and with the preservation of product quality.Keywords: Spirulina platensis; rotary dryer; inert bed; bioactive compounds.
Drying of moist food snacks with innovative slot jet reattachment nozzle
Authors: Farzad Milad , Yang Mengqiao , Yagoobi Jamal Seyed , Tilley B.
Published: January 2019

Drying of moist porous media such as paper, pulp and food products is one of the most energy intensive processes in industry. Impinging jet nozzles are commonly used in various drying processes. There have been many efforts to improve the transport characteristics of impinging jet nozzles. Utilizing innovative Slot Jet Reattachment (SJR) nozzle is an approach to make the drying process more efficient. This is mainly because these nozzles overcome the high flow rate constraint associated with the traditional Slot Jet (SJ) nozzle. In this paper, the drying characteristics of the SJR nozzle with exit angles of +20˚ and +45˚ are experimentally investigated. The samples used are snack cookies. The results are compared with those of SJ nozzle under the same mass flowrate. The results indicate that significant enhancements in drying rates are achievable with both SJR nozzles compared to SJ nozzle.Keywords: Drying; Porous Food Snack; Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle; Slot Jet Nozzle
Impact of shelf temperature on freeze-drying process and porosity development
Authors: Camacho M. M. , Egas-Astudillo L. A. , Silva A. , Uscanga M. , Martínez-Navarrete N.
Published: January 2019

The freeze-drying kinetics and the superficial porosity development of grapefruit puree. The impact of biopolymers addition (gum Arabic and bamboo fiber) and to apply (40 ºC) or not shelf temperature (room temperature) was considered. To increase the shelves temperature during freeze-drying allowed to an important drying time reduction and doesn’t supposed a lower porosity related to the collapse development of the structure. Biopolymers do not affect the drying kinetics. From this results, biopolymers addition and to heat at least up to 40 ºC during grapefruit freeze-drying should be recommended. Keywords: freeze-drying; shelf temperature; drying kinetics; image analysis; pore size distribution.
Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) as pre-treatment for freeze-drying of plant tissues
Authors: Boy Virginie , Al-Sayed Lubana , Madieta Emmanuel , Mehinagic Emira , Lanoisellé Jean-Louis
Published: January 2019

The influence of pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment on freeze-drying for potato and strawberry tissues was investigated. Samples were pre-treated by PEF (  400 V cm-1) for different treatment times. Freeze-drying was carried out at -17°C and 18.4 Pa or 30 Pa for potato and strawberry tissues, respectively. The effects of PEF pre-treatment was compared with intact samples. The drying time was reduced by 35% for potato and 30% for strawberry. The sample rehydration capacity and the electrolytes released during the rehydration were higher for pre-treated samples. Strawberries texture was characterized by the hardness, the cohesiveness and the springiness.Keywords: Pulsed Electric fields; Freeze-drying; Potato; Strawberry; Textural Properties.
Effect of saccharide additives on dehydration–drying kinetics and quality properties of dried kiwi fruit products
Authors: Ueno Shigeaki , Iijima Rei , Harada Mari , Liu Hsiuming , Shimada Reiko , Fukami Ken
Published: January 2019

The effects of saccharide additives on the dehydration and drying properties as well as the quality properties of dried kiwi fruit products were investigated. Sliced kiwi fruits were soaked and dehydrated in citric acid, glucose, sucrose and the pH-adjusted sugar solutions, individually. Osmotic dehydration and drying kinetic parameters were calculated using exponential models. Drying rate constants and water activities of dried kiwi fruits with osmotic dehydration were superior to those without osmotic dehydration. Soaking solutions with a lower pH led to a decrease in lightness. However, soaking sokution pH had no significant effect on the water activity or drying kinetics. Keywords: drying; kinetics; kiwi fruit; osmotic dehydration
Convective air drying of brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata in thin layer configuration
Authors: Moreira Ramón , Arufe-Vilas Santiago , Sineiro Jorge , Chenlo Francisco
Published: January 2019

Air drying kinetics of Bifurcaria bifurcata brown seaweed at 35, 50, 60 and 75°C were determined. Experimental drying data were modelled using two-parameter Page model (n, k). Page parameter n was constant (1.28) at tested temperatures, but k increased significantly with drying temperature from 35 to 60ºC and was invariant at higher temperatures (up to 75ºC). Drying experiments allowed the determination of the critical moisture content of seaweed (1.6 ± 0.2 kg water (kg d.b.)−1). Mass transfer coefficients during constant drying rate period and effective coefficients of water diffusion during falling drying rate period were evaluated, assuming cyclindrical geometry and considering volumetric shrinkage. Keywords: algae, diffusivity, drying kinetics, modelling, shrinkage
Measuring REA-based drying kinetics through temperature-moisture content relationship
Authors: Chen Xiao Dong , Putranto Aditya
Published: January 2019

The reaction engineering approach (REA) has been proposed and implemented for modeling a number of challenging drying cases. While the modeling is simple and accurate, it is effective to generate the drying parameters. The relative activation energy is the fingerprint of the REA which describes the changes of internal behaviors inside the materials during drying. In this paper, a new method, based on combined heat and mass balance, is proposed and implemented to retrieve the relative activation energy of flat materials. The results indicate that the new approach can be used to retrieve well the activation energy of flat materials. The relative activation energy retrieved by the new approach is independent on the external drying conditions. This new approach can also potentially be used to evaluate the change of surface area of materials during drying Keywords: reaction engineering approach (REA);, modeling; relative activation energy; mass transfer;, heat transfer
Energy analysis and conservation opportunities in spray dryers
Authors: Bade Mukund Haribahu , Patel Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2019

Dryers are used for removal of moisture from an raw materials (such as effluent) to form a dried solids as per the requirements. For removal of the moisture, energy requirement is huge. Therefore, in this paper, methodology for heat recovery in one of the type of dryers as spray dryers is developed, which is simple and easy to apply. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the help of an example taken from literature. It is observed that the indirect heat recovery method could save energy maximum up to 82 % as compared to literature and 41 % higher than without heat recovery. Keywords: Spray dryer, pinch analysis, heat recovery, effluent drying, energy saving
Effect of spray drying conditions on antioxidants activity, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds of stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Juan , Chaparro-Hernández Irene , Méndez-Lagunas Lilia L. , Barriada-Bernal Luis Gerardo
Published: January 2019

In this work the spray drying of the fresh stevia leaves aqueous extract without encapsulating agents was carried out. The effect of the inlet air temperature (160-200 ºC) and the feed flow rate (2-3 kg/h) on the total phenolic content, the total flavonoid content and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride and DPPH methods respectively. The inlet air temperature had a significant effect on all parameters evaluated that showed a decrease when increasing the inlet air temperature, the feed flow rate had a significant effect on total flavonoids content and the antioxidant capacity, by increasing the feed flow rate the inhibition of the DPPH radical decreased and the total flavonoid content increased. The treatment at 160 ºC and 3 kg/h retained highest total flavonoid content and the antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Phenolic compounds, stevia, spray drying, antioxidant capacity
Multivariable modeling of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer
Authors: Abdenouri Naji , Zoukit A. , Elferouali H. , Salhi I. , Doubabi S.
Published: January 2019

The main goal of this paper, is to propose a multivariable control model (MM) issued from CFD study of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer to simulate the drying chamber temperature in three modes of operation: Solar mode, Gas mode and hybrid mode. There is an indirect heating of drying air instead of direct heating inside the drying chamber. The air temperature obtained by CFD is still closed to one obtained by multivariable model (MM) with an RMSE under 2.31. the proposed multivariable model leads to a quick output parameters estimation related to each clilmate conditions and so, to an easy control of a hybrid solar dryer.   Keywords: Hybrid dryer; Multivariable model; solar dryer simulation; solar dryer control; Least square methods
The construction of thermodynamic expressions needed in the physicochemical mathematical model required for the rational quantitative evaluation of the freeze drying process of pharmaceutical solutions employing tertiary butyl alcohol as a co-solvent
Authors: Liapis Athanasios I , Wang Jee-Ching , Bruttini Roberto
Published: January 2019

A thermodynamic model employing the UNIFAC (Dortmund) method was developed to determine the currently unavailable partial vapor pressures of the binary gas mixture of water and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in equilibrium with their frozen solid mixtures. The results agree satisfactorily with the experimental data and indicate that TBA has higher vapor pressures which lead to higher total pressures at the moving interface that could result in larger total pressure gradients and convective mass transfer rates in the dried layer during primary drying. But the higher total pressures reduce the magnitude of the bulk diffusivity of the gas mixture and combined with the smaller Knudsen diffusivity of TBA could significantly impact the competing mass transfer mechanisms during freeze drying.   Keywords: Freeze drying; Water and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA); UNIFAC (Dortmund); Partial vapor pressures; Convective flow and bulk and Knudsen diffusion
Synthesis of titanium dioxide precursor by the hydrolysis of titanium oxychloride solution
Authors: Le Bideau Pascal , Richard-Plouet Mireille , Glouannec Patrick , Magueresse Anthony , Iya-Sou D. , Brohan L.
Published: January 2019

This communication focuses on the development of an approach to improve the synthesis of [Ti8O12(H2O)24]Cl8.HCl.7H2O crystals which is one of the precursor for titanium dioxide TiO2 particles. This study provides a significant improvement in crystallization kinetics with a production rate increased by a factor nineteen by intensifying heat and mass transfers compared to the process in a close vessel. This enhancement was made possible by the development of a new reactor to control the heat and mass transfers involved. In parallel with the experimental set-up, a numerical model representative of the transfer phenomena was initiated. The first numerical results are encouraging and present a good agreement with the measurements. Keywords: Heat and mass transfer; Co-desorption, Modelling, Experiment
Recent developments in functional bakery products and the impact of baking on active ingredients
Authors: Zhang Lu , Boom Remko M. , Chen Xiao Dong , Schutyser Maarten A.I.
Published: January 2019

Active ingredients can be supplemented into a bakery product to produce functional food. However, the preservation of the functionality of these active ingredients during baking remains a challenge for food industry. A deeper understanding of the underlying interactions between functionality and baking is highly desired for developing innovative functional bakery products with significant health benefits and high product quality. In this work, recent advances in the development of functional bakery products are reviewed. The interactions between the baking process and the functionality of the supplemented active ingredients are discussed and the perspective of future research is addressed. Keywords: baking; active ingredients; probiotics; inactivation kinetics; functional food
Effect of rehydration on texture properties of Mexican plum (Spondias purpurea L.) dehydrated by tray drying and freeze drying
Authors: Guillen-Velazquez Paulina , Muñoz-López Cinthia , Cantu-Lozano Denis , Luna-Solano Guadalupe
Published: January 2019

Mexican plum (Spondias purpurea L.) is a fruit with high nutritional content. Freeze and tray drying increases its shelf life, however non-reversible changes may ocurr. Properties as rehydration capacity and texture are considered as a measure of the injury to the material caused by drying. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the texture profile of dehydrated plum during rehydration and compare it with properties of raw plum. Freeze drying provided a product with less tissue damage reflected in the high rehydration capacity and texture characteristics very close to original unlike those dehydrated by hot air. Keywords: Mexican plum; rehydration; texture profile analysis.