bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“¡Tan suave como el agua, tan caliente como el fuego!”: procedimientos de intensificación en los comentarios digitales de una comunidad de fans chinos
Authors: Peng Shuo
Published: September 2024

Los comentarios escritos por los usuarios de plataformas de música en streaming constituyen un reciente género digital escasamente estudiado. El presente trabajo explora este campo analizando los elementos intensificadores en los comentarios redactados por los fans chinos sobre Álvaro Soler, cantante español de la nueva generación. Partiendo de un corpus de 1.646 comentarios recogidos en Netease Cloud Music y desde el enfoque cuantitativo coding and counting, este artículo analiza qué procedimientos se utilizan para la intensificación y cuáles son los temas que se realzan con mayor frecuencia. El estudio revela cómo los fans se sirven de esta estrategia pragmática para manifestar su afectividad. Además, su entusiasmo e interés no se limita a la estrella en sí, ya que se extiende asimismo a los aspectos lingü.sticos y socioculturales. Este trabajo supone una aportación interesante al estudio de la intensificación, y muestra desde una perspectiva particular e innovadora la percepción de los adolescentes chinos sobre la cultura popular española.
La ciudad como derecho
Authors: Carvajal Miguel
Published: September 2024

El artículo reflexiona sobre el papel crucial de las ciudades en la consecución del Objetivo 11 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, que busca hacer que las ciudades sean inclusivas, seguras, resilientes y sostenibles. Utilizando el marco analítico de Henri Lefebvre, se examinan los hitos alcanzados por las ciudades en este proceso. Se destaca la creciente importancia de las ciudades en la actualidad, ya que más de la mitad de la población mundial vive en entornos urbanos, y se espera que esta tendencia migratoria hacia la urbanización continúe. Se enfatiza que el cumplimiento de los objetivos de igualdad, erradicación de la pobreza, reducción de los efectos del cambio climático y garantía de una vida sana dependerá en gran medida del desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades. Además, se señala que el crecimiento económico inclusivo y el acceso a servicios públicos esenciales estarán vinculados al desarrollo económico de los países de ingresos bajos y medios. En síntesis, el artículo subraya el papel central de las ciudades en el logro de objetivos globales de desarrollo y destaca la necesidad de abordar su desarrollo de manera integral y sostenible.
Analyzing Price Dynamics and Instability in the Soybean Market of Gautampura: A Decadal Analysis
Authors: S Santhosh Kumar , T Kumareswaran. , T M Kamesh , V Manimaran.
Published: September 2024

Soybean stands as a cornerstone of global agriculture, renowned for its versatility, economic value, and pivotal role in both food and feed industries. This study examined the decade-long trends in soybean price dynamics at the Gautampura market in Madhya Pradesh, India, from 2014 to 2023. The research aim to analyze the price trend and instability of soybean in the Gautampura using methods such as Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and the Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index (CDVI), the research reveals a gradual 0.672 per cent CAGR in soybean prices over the study period, punctuated by seasonal variations. Quarterly analyses further highlight varying growth rates, with Q4 consistently demonstrating the highest growth, likely driven by harvest cycles and market demand fluctuations. Despite this growth trend, the market exhibits significant price instability, underscored by a CDVI of 21.65, influenced by climatic factors, market dynamics, and policy changes. The forecasted prices indicate a steady upward trajectory from 2024 to 2025, aligning with historical data and suggesting potential opportunities amidst challenges in managing price volatility. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders aiming to navigate the evolving soybean market dynamics effectively.
Highlights:

The CAGR for soybean prices was found to be 0.672 per cent over the study period. Quarterly analyses reveal varying growth rates across the year 2014 to 2023.
Its mainly focuses the instability and forecast pattern of Soybean in Gautampura, Madhya Pradesh.
Assessment of Inflammatory Markers Across Varying Malaria Parasite Densities in Patients at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt
Authors: J. Odum, , I. Elekima, , U.A. Obisike,
Published: September 2024

Aim: to assess the levels of some inflammatory markers in malaria parasite-infected subjects attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Study Design:  Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Teaching Hospital and Pamel Laboratories & Diagnostics Limited, both in Port Harcourt, between July 2023 and July 2024.
Methodology: A total of 150 individuals were initially screened for various health conditions, resulting in 89 subjects deemed suitable for the study. This group comprised 43 males and 46 females, with 29 participants serving as controls and 60 participants as malaria-positive subjects. Blood specimens were obtained from each subject, and serum samples were extracted after centrifugation. These serum samples were used to assay IL-6, TNF-α using the ELISA method. Additionally, subjects were categorized based on parasitaemia severity and malaria treatment history. Data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 9.02. Descriptive statistics involving the use of Mean and Standard Deviation. Inferential Statistics involving the use of one-way ANOVA (PostHoc: Tukey’s multiple comparison test), students statistical t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The study found no significant differences in IL-6 (p=0.8878), TNF-α (0.0961), levels between control and malaria-positive subjects. However, based on malaria severity, there were no significant differences in TNF-α (p=0.1993) levels among mild, moderate, and high parasitaemia cases. However, IL-6 (p=0.0002) levels were elevated in high parasitaemia cases. Malaria treatment normalized all markers within 1-8 months, except IL-6 (p=0.0423), which remained significantly elevated in subjects with a history of malaria within 9-12 months. These results suggest that malaria parasitaemia does not significantly alter inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α. The severity of parasitaemia influences IL-6, while malaria treatment typically returns most markers to baseline within 8 months, except for IL-6.
Conclusion: Further research studies need to explore the mechanisms behind persistent IL-6 elevation post-malaria treatment and the potential long-term effects of other inflammatory markers in malaria patients.
Comparative Studies on Effect of Conventional Practices on Soil Quality Parameters and Carbon Stock in Common Land Uses in Namthang Block, South Sikkim
Authors: Tamang Norbu , Bordoloi Jurisandhya Barik , Singh Leishangthem Momo , Dkhar Khrawbor , Dembalar Ahanthem , Walling Imkongsunep , Pradhan Bobby
Published: September 2024

Landuse is the prime management intervention that results to significant changes in the physicochemical properties. Two (2) Land use systems (Maize- broadbean and ginger) were selected for study. A total of sixty (60) soil samples were collected from five (5) different villages of Namthang Block from two different depths viz. 0-0.20m and 0.20-0.40m. The samples were analysed for the soil physicochemical properties, soil carbon, carbon stock, fertility status and biological properties. It was observed that the soils were moderately acidic to slightly acidic in reaction, high in organic carbon. Bulk density and particle density ranged from 1.02-1.30 g cm-3 and 2.45-2.69 g cm-3 at the surface soil in the maize-broadbean LUS and the densities increased with depth. The soils were found to be medium in N, P, K and S. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium ranged from 0.54-1.18 [Cmol (P+) kg-1] and 0.51-1.06 [Cmol (P+) kg-1] at the surface soil in the maize-broadbean LUS. The Soil microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity was found to be decreasing with increasing soil depth. The organic carbon stock ranged from 24.51-32.00 (Mg ha-1) at the surface soil in the maize-broadbean LUS and found to be decreasing with increasing soil depth. Substantial amount of SOC stock indicated fairly healthy soil of Namthang block. Maize-broadbean LUS found to be superior over ginger LUS owing to enhanced soil fertility as well as biological parameters.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes of Onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Pusa Shobha
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Meena M.L. , Abha Ruchika , Yadav Sudheer Kumar
Published: September 2024

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, near Gautam Buddha Central Library, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University),Vidya Vihar Raebareli Road Lucknow, (U.P) experiment was conducted during Rabi season in the years, of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, the recorded data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) as formulated at 5% level of significance was used for data analysis of experiment. The treatments consisted of T0 -Control (without fertilizers); T1- 100% RDF (NPK@150:50:80 Kg/ha): T2- 100% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha); T3 -100% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha); T4 -100% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha); T5 -100% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha); T6 -75% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha); T7 -75% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha); T8 -75% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha): T9 -75% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha). T10 -50% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha); T11- 50% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha); T12- 50% RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha);T13 -50% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha). Results revealed that the treatment T9- 75% RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + Vermicompost (2 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 Kg/ha) + PSB (5 Kg/ha) performed better results with respect of yield characters such as average bulb weight (g), polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), and total bulb yield (q/ha) onion bulb.
Induction of Physical Mutations in Gladiolus grandiflorus L. through Gamma Irradiation
Authors: P T Aiswarya Raj , Thomas Beena , A Sheena , A Adheena Ram
Published: September 2024

Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers cultivated in India, and it is excellent for inducing physical mutagenesis. The present study was carried out to determine the optimal lethal dose for gamma rays and to induce mutations through gamma irradiation in two gladiolus varieties, Arka Amar and Arka Thilak. The corms of both varieties were irradiated with gamma ray of doses 25, 40, 55 and 70 Gy using a gamma chamber with 60Co as the radiation source. The mortality rate of the plants increased significantly with increasing radiation doses, with Arka Thilak showing higher sensitivity. The LD50 (lethal dose) values were determined as 58.22 Gy for Arka Amar and 58.31 Gy for Arka Thilak through probit analysis. Based on the LD50, the effective doses were fixed as 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 Gy, along with a control, for both varieties. Corms of gladiolus varieties were then treated with the selected doses of gamma radiation to induce physical mutation. Six treatments of each variety were evaluated in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The characters like number of leaves per plant, length and diameter of the floret, and plant height were highest in Arka Thilak treated with 45 Gy. The number of spikes per plant and spike length were highest in the same variety treated with 50 Gy. In Arka Amar, the length of leaf blade and field life were maximum at 45 Gy, and a greater number of florets per spike was observed at 50 Gy. Among the treatments, lower doses promoted better growth, whereas higher doses had detrimental effects. Attractive colour mutants were obtained in Arka Amar at higher doses. The study suggest the ability of gamma irradiation to induce beneficial mutations in gladiolus, creating opportunities for breeding new varieties with improved ornamental traits.
A Detailed Survey to Assess Guava Wilt Incidence in Prayagraj and Kaushambi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Karmakar Suman , Lal Abhilasha A. , Vishwakarma Vivek
Published: September 2024

An intensive survey was conducted in the Prayagraj region of Uttar Pradesh during September, 2023 – January, 2024 to assess the incidence of guava wilt. The study covered seven blocks in Prayagraj and five in Kaushambi, with three villages selected from each block. Local farmers were interviewed to gather data on orchard conditions and guava wilt incidence. Results showed that guava wilt affected all surveyed villages, with incidences ranging from 15.6% to 41.43% and as the causal organism of guava wilt four morphologically different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii were isolated and observed under microscope. The average incidence was 29.26%, with higher rates in Kaushambi (31.50%) compared to Prayagraj (27.03%). The most affected blocks were Kaushambi (37.25%) and Meja (34.04%). Additionally, it was found that 72.22% of farmers were untrained in guava cultivation. The most common guava varieties were Allahabad Safeda (25%) and Allahabad Surkha (19.44%), which had the highest wilt incidences of 28.72% and 31.23%, respectively where L-49 and Pant Prabhat showed least wilt incidence of 25.02% and 24.29%, respectively. The orchards in the surveyed locations ranged from 6 to 22 years old, with most being older than 10 years.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Supply System Comprising Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop
Authors: Akshay  , Alam Mohd Shah , Patel Jay Nath
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Abhilashi University Chail chowk Mandi in 2022-23 with the concept of “Studying the influence of integrated nutrient supply system, comprising inorganic fertilizers and organic manures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and comprises eight treatments viz., T1-Absolute control, T2-125% NPK, T3-100% RDN+ 25% N through vermicompost, T4-75% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost, T5-50% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost + Biofertilizer (Azotobactor), T6-75% RDN + Biofertilizer (Azotobactor), T7-75% RDN + Azotobactor + PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizer) and T8-75% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha + Azotobactor. The highest growth of wheat crop was achieved by adopting nutrient supply system through synthetic fertilizer under treatment T2-125% NPK which was significantly at par with T5 50% RDN+ 25% N through vermicompost + 25% N through Biofertilizer (Azotobactor), which also proved significantly superior to rest of the treatments. The minimum value of growth parameter was recorded under T1-Absolute control. Results also revealed that higher yield attributes viz. No. of effective tillers, Spike length, No. of spike, Grain per spike, test weight, were recorded under T2-125% NPK followed by 50% RDN+ 25% N through vermicompost+ 25% N through Biofertilizer (Azotobactor) and lowest were recorded under T1- Absolute control. Yields of crop viz. grain yield, straw yield, biological yield was also recorded highest under T2-125% NPK and lowest were recorded T1- Absolute control. On the basis of one season study, it can be safely concluded that the application of integrated nutrient supply system 50% RDN+ 25% N through vermicompost+ 25% N through Biofertilizer (Azotobactor) gave similar result as 125% NPK in terms of growth and yield.
Efficacy of Neem Oil and Selected Plant Extracts against Anthracnose of Soybean Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore
Authors: Sahu Richa , Lal Abhilasha A. , Vishwakarma Vivek
Published: September 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.] is one of the most important an Asiatic oil seed crop. Soybean comes under the leguminous crop is having symbiotic association with Rhizobium. It is a significant commercial crop that yields oil and is beneficial for both oil extraction and the production of numerous items that are used in human and animal nutrition. The present study was investigated on the effect of neem oil, Eucalyptus leaf extract, Parthenium leaf extract, Lantana leaf extract, Darek leaf extract, Ficus leaf extract and Mancozeb were compared and tested against anthracnose leaf spot [Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore] of soybean under field conditions at the research plot of the Central Research Field, Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Kharif season of 2023. Among the treatments, T3 – Eucalyptus leaf extract exhibited the minimum  disease intensity (%) 50 DAS (10.66 %), 70 DAS (11.50 %) and 90 DAS (12.60) Significantly increased in T3 – Eucalyptus leaf extract @ 10%, followed by T1 – Parthenium leaf extract @ 10% as compared to other treatments including (Treated check)T6 -Mancozeb @ 0.2 and (Untreated check) T0 – Control.
Evaluation of Commercial Mustard Varieties against Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) Kalt in Grid Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Mahor Dheerendra , Bhadouria N S , Mahore Prince , Khan Shahin , Singh Pradyumn
Published: September 2024

Field experiment was conducted at research farm, RVSKVV, Gwalior to evaluate 20 varieties of mustard against aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. During rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The population of pest were recorded from initiation of aphid infestation at 44 DAS (Days after sowing) and continued till maturity of the crop at weekly intervals. The findings showed that the RMM-09-1-1-2 variety had the lowest mean population of plants counted on the 10 cm apical twigs of ten randomly chosen plants, followed by JM-3, JM-1, and MAYA. However, variety NRCDR-2 had the largest population, followed by RVM-2 and RGN-73.
In-silico Design, Synthesis and Anti-Microbial Evaluation of 2, 4, 6-Trisubstituted 1, 3, 5: Triazine- Based Aldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Balamurugan Priya , Muthukrishnan Karthika , Mohan Anubharathi , Sendhamaraikannan Thamizh , Natarajan Venkatesan , Devarasu Pradeepraj , Velmurugan Aravinth , Muthaiyan Prabhu
Published: September 2024

Background & Objective: Cancer is a serious public health concern, particularly in developing countries. The current investigation was to discover novel EGFR and aromatase inhibitors utilizing ligand- and structure-based drug development techniques. This study also focuses on the antimicrobial action of the designed compounds. In- vitro Anti-microbial evaluation of the designed compounds was assessed.
Materials and Methods: A series of triazine based aldehyde substituted derivatives were designed and molecular docking studies were carried out against Aromatase inhibitors, HER-2, Dihydrofolate reductase targets by using Autodock 1.5.6. The designed compounds were synthesized by condensing triazine with various aldehydes and characterised using Mass spectrometry. In vitro Antimicrobial activity was studied for the synthesized compounds against the standard drug Ampicillin.
Results and Discussion: In silico study revealed that the designed compound had a 3D structure that is comparable to other well-studied anti breast cancer proteins. According to molecular docking, proteins exhibit high binding energy to enzymes. Minimum inhibitory concentration validated the efficiency of the designed compounds utilised for antibacterial activity testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that the compounds have an antimicrobial action.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that the synthesized compounds possessing drug-like properties as a plausible therapeutic candidate against microbial activity. However, the designed compounds could be employed as inhibitors of EGFR and aromatase after passing through in vivo and in vitro evaluation.
Population Dynamics and Ecological Role of Chrysoperla spp. In Major Agricultural crops: A Review
Authors: Kapil  , Kalkal Deepika , Yadav Kalpana , Mehla Sumit , Bhall Ritu , Saini Ankit , Godara Mohit
Published: September 2024

The growing global population, projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, demands sustainable agricultural practices to ensure food security. The widespread use of chemical pesticides has raised concerns due to their harmful impacts on health and ecosystems. As a result, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, including biological control, have gained prominence. Chrysoperla carnea, commonly known as the green lacewing, is a key predator in biological pest control, effectively managing pest populations across various crops. This review examines the population dynamics of Chrysoperla spp. in sunflower, brinjal, cotton, okra, chilli, tomato, fennel, coriander, and mustard. The studies highlight how Chrysoperla populations are influenced by abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity, as well as biotic factors like prey availability. Positive correlations between predator and pest populations were noted across crops, emphasizing Chrysoperla's role in pest suppression. Additionally, intercropping strategies, particularly in fennel and coriander, have shown to enhance Chrysoperla populations, indicating the potential of such practices in improving pest control outcomes. Overall, Chrysoperla spp. are vital to sustainable pest management, reducing dependency on chemical pesticides and supporting environmentally friendly and economically viable agriculture within IPM frameworks.
Enhancing Crop Productivity with Biofertilizers: Exploring Multifunctional Benefits
Authors: Darjee Sibananda , Alekhya Gunturi , S Sudarshan , Padhan Smruti Ranjan , Rajareddy Gundreddy , Baishya Moumita , Dash Amit Kumar
Published: September 2024

The increasing demand for food production, combined with the environmental degradation caused by conventional farming practices, has prompted a shift towards sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers, consisting of living microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and mycorrhizal fungi, offer a promising solution to enhance crop productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This article explores the multifunctional benefits of biofertilizers, including their role in nutrient supplementation, soil structure improvement, disease suppression, and abiotic stress tolerance. Biofertilizers contribute to sustainable farming by improving nutrient availability, enhancing soil health, and promoting plant resilience to environmental stresses. The integration of biofertilizers into agricultural practices represents a crucial step towards achieving sustainable crop production, restoring soil health, and securing food systems for future generations.
Performance of IRI‐2012 model during a deep solar minimum and a maximum year over global equatorial regions
Authors: Kumar Sanjay
Published: May 2016

Present paper inspects the prediction capability of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI‐2012) model in predicting the total electron content (TEC) over seven different equatorial regions across the globe during a very low solar activity phase 2009 and a high solar activity phase 2012. This has been carried out by comparing the ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS)‐derived VTEC with those from the IRI‐2012 model. The observed GPS‐TEC shows the presence of winter anomaly which is prominent during the solar maximum year 2012 and disappeared during solar minimum year 2009. The monthly and seasonal mean of the IRI‐2012 model TEC with IRI‐NeQ topside has been compared with the GPS‐TEC, and our results showed that the monthly and seasonal mean value of the IRI‐2012 model overestimates the observed GPS‐TEC at all the equatorial stations. The discrepancy (or over estimation) in the IRI‐2012 model is found larger during solar maximum year 2012 than that during solar minimum year 2009. This is a contradiction to the results recently presented by Tariku (2015) over equatorial regions of Uganda. The discrepancy is found maximum during the December solstice and a minimum during the March equinox. The magnitude of discrepancy in the IRI‐2012 model showed longitudinal dependent which maximized in western longitude sector during both the years 2009 and 2012. The significant discrepancy in the IRI‐2012 model observed during the solar minimum year 2009 could be attributed to larger difference between F10.7 flux and EUV flux (26–34 nm) during low solar activity period 2007–2009 than that during high solar activity period 2010–2012. This suggests that to represent the solar activity impact in the IRI model, implementation of new solar activity indices is further required for its better performance.
Magnetotelluric imaging of a fossil paleozoic intraoceanic subduction zone in western Junggar, NW China
Authors: Xu Yixian , Yang Bo , Zhang Sheng , Liu Ying , Zhu Lupei , Huang Rong , Chen Chao , Li Yongtao , Luo Yinhe
Published: May 2016

The fate of subducted oceanic slabs can provide important clues to plate reconstruction through Earth history. Since oceanic slabs in continental collision zones are typically not well preserved, ancient subduction zones have rarely been imaged by geophysical techniques. Here we present an exception from the Darbut belt in the Junggar accretionary collage in the southern Altaids of Asia. We deployed a 182 km long magnetotelluric (MT) profile including 60 broadband sounding sites across the belt. Quality off‐diagonal impedances were inverted by a three‐dimensional scheme to image resistivities beneath the profile. The resistivity model along with MT impedance phase ellipses and induction vectors were tested and interpreted in detail. Combining geological and geophysical observations, mineral physical experiment, and geodynamic modeling results, the MT transect suggests a fossil intraoceanic subduction zone during the Late Paleozoic in the western Junggar that has been well preserved due to lack of significant subsequent tecto‐thermal events.
Understanding the structure of changes in the Southern Ocean eddy field
Authors: Meredith Michael P.
Published: May 2016

The Southern Ocean is riddled with mesoscale eddies. Although just a few kilometers in size, these loops and vortices are key parts of the climate system and are important in controlling how ocean circulation responds to changes in forcing. Observations reveal that changes in the intensity of these eddies vary significantly around the Southern Ocean. This contrasts with the nature of the atmospheric forcing, which is more zonally symmetric. Recent progress using high‐resolution modeling has pinpointed where intrinsic variability dominates over wind‐driven variability; and hence, the areas where future responses to climatic changes in forcing are likely to be clearest.
Topside correction of IRI by global modeling of ionospheric scale height using COSMIC radio occultation data
Authors: Wu M. J. , Guo P. , Fu N. F. , Xu T. L. , Xu X. S. , Jin H. L. , Hu X. G.
Published: May 2016

The ionosphere scale height is one of the most significant ionospheric parameters, which contains information about the ion and electron temperatures and dynamics in upper ionosphere. In this paper, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method is applied to process all the ionospheric radio occultations of GPS/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) from the year 2007 to 2011 to reconstruct a global ionospheric scale height model. This monthly medium model has spatial resolution of 5° in geomagnetic latitude (−87.5° ~ 87.5°) and temporal resolution of 2 h in local time. EOF analysis preserves the characteristics of scale height quite well in the geomagnetic latitudinal, anural, seasonal, and diurnal variations. In comparison with COSMIC measurements of the year of 2012, the reconstructed model indicates a reasonable accuracy. In order to improve the topside model of International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), we attempted to adopt the scale height model in the Bent topside model by applying a scale factor q as an additional constraint. With the factor q functioning in the exponent profile of topside ionosphere, the IRI scale height should be forced equal to the precise COSMIC measurements. In this way, the IRI topside profile can be improved to get closer to the realistic density profiles. Internal quality check of this approach is carried out by comparing COSMIC realistic measurements and IRI with or without correction, respectively. In general, the initial IRI model overestimates the topside electron density to some extent, and with the correction introduced by COSMIC scale height model, the deviation of vertical total electron content (VTEC) between them is reduced. Furthermore, independent validation with Global Ionospheric Maps VTEC implies a reasonable improvement in the IRI VTEC with the topside model correction.
Water balance complexities in ephemeral catchments with different land uses: Insights from monitoring and distributed hydrologic modeling
Authors: Dean J. F. , Camporese M. , Webb J. A. , Grover S. P. , Dresel P. E. , Daly E.
Published: May 2016

Although ephemeral catchments are widespread in arid and semiarid climates, the relationship of their water balance with climate, geology, topography, and land cover is poorly known. Here we use 4 years (2011–2014) of rainfall, streamflow, and groundwater level measurements to estimate the water balance components in two adjacent ephemeral catchments in south‐eastern Australia, with one catchment planted with young eucalypts and the other dedicated to grazing pasture. To corroborate the interpretation of the observations, the physically based hydrological model CATHY was calibrated and validated against the data in the two catchments. The estimated water balances showed that despite a significant decline in groundwater level and greater evapotranspiration in the eucalypt catchment (104–119% of rainfall) compared with the pasture catchment (95–104% of rainfall), streamflow consistently accounted for 1–4% of rainfall in both catchments for the entire study period. Streamflow in the two catchments was mostly driven by the rainfall regime, particularly rainfall frequency (i.e., the number of rain days per year), while the downslope orientation of the plantation furrows also promoted runoff. With minimum calibration, the model was able to adequately reproduce the periods of flow in both catchments in all years. Although streamflow and groundwater levels were better reproduced in the pasture than in the plantation, model‐computed water balance terms confirmed the estimates from the observations in both catchments. Overall, the interplay of climate, topography, and geology seems to overshadow the effect of land use in the study catchments, indicating that the management of ephemeral catchments remains highly challenging.
Anisotropic and Ultralow Phonon Thermal Transport in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites: Atomistic Insights into Solar Cell Thermal Management and Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Lin Shangchao
Published: May 2016

Energy‐related functionality and performance of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), highly depend on their thermal transport behavior. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, it is discovered that the thermal conductivities of MAPbI3under different phases (cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic) are less than 1 W m−1K−1, and as low as 0.31 W m−1K−1at room temperature. Such ultralow thermal conductivity can be attributed to the small phonon group velocities due to their low elastic stiffness, in addition to their short phonon lifetimes (<100 ps) and mean‐free‐paths (<10 nm) due to the enhanced phonon–phonon scattering from highly‐overlapped phonon branches. The anisotropy in thermal conductivity at lower temperatures is found to associate with preferential orientations of organic CH3NH3+cations. Among all atomistic interactions, electrostatic interactions dominate thermal conductivities in ionic MAPbI3crystals. Furthermore, thermal conductivities of general hybrid perovskites MABX3(B = Pb, Sn; X = I, Br) have been qualitatively estimated and found that Sn‐ or Br‐based perovskites possess higher thermal conductivities than Pb‐ or I‐based ones due to their much higher elastic stiffness. This study inspires optimal selections and rational designs of ionic components for hybrid perovskites with desired thermal conductivity for thermally‐stable photovoltaic or highly‐efficient thermoelectric energy harvesting/conversion applications.
Minimum Thermal Conductivity in Weak Topological Insulators with Bismuth‐Based Stack Structure
Authors: Wei Ping , Yang Jiong , Guo Liang , Wang Shanyu , Wu Lihua , Xu Xianfan , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Qingjie , Zhang Wenqing , Dresselhaus Mildred S. , Yang Jihui
Published: May 2016

Contrary to the conventional belief that the consideration for topological insulators (TIs) as potential thermoelectrics is due to their excellent electrical properties benefiting from the topological surface states, this work shows that the 3D weak TIs, formed by alternating stacks of quantum spin Hall layers and normal insulator (NI) layers, can also be decent thermoelectrics because of their focus on minimum thermal conductivity. The minimum lattice thermal conductivity is experimentally confirmed in Bi14Rh3I9 and theoretically predicted for Bi2TeI at room temperature. It is revealed that the topologically “trivial” NI layers play a surprisingly critical role in hindering phonon propagation. The weak bonding in the NI layers gives rise to significantly low sound velocity, and the localized low‐frequency vibrations of the NI layers cause strong acoustic–optical interactions and lattice anharmonicity. All these features are favorable for the realization of exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity, and therefore present remarkable opportunities for developing high‐performance thermoelectrics in weak TIs.
Monitoring the Formation of a CH3NH3PbI3–xClx Perovskite during Thermal Annealing Using X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Barrows Alexander T. , Lilliu Samuele , Pearson Andrew J. , Babonneau David , Dunbar Alan D. F. , Lidzey David G.
Published: May 2016

Grazing incidence wide and small angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS and GISAXS) measurements have been used to study the crystallization kinetics of the organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3–xClx during thermal annealing. In situ GIWAXS measurements recorded during annealing are used to characterize and quantify the transition from a crystalline precursor to the perovskite structure. In situ GISAXS measurements indicate an evolution of crystallite sizes during annealing, with the number of crystallites having sizes between 30 and 400 nm increasing through the annealing process. Using ex situ scanning electron microscopy, this evolution in length scales is confirmed and a concurrent increase in film surface coverage is observed, a parameter crucial for efficient solar cell performance. A series of photovoltaic devices are then fabricated in which perovskite films have been annealed for different times, and variations in device performance are explained on the basis of X‐ray scattering measurements.
Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐Capped Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Xudong , Lau Ho Yuen , Ren Xiaochen , Peng Boyu , Zhai Peng , Feng Shien‐Ping , Chan Paddy K. L.
Published: May 2016

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are used as highly sensitive glucose and lactate sensors by modifying the gate electrode with glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase and poly(n‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐capped platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). The Pt NPs are deposited by using a two‐step dip coating method without bias instead of the conventional electrodeposition method and followed by an UV‐Ozone post treatment to enhance the catalytic ability of the Pt NPs. The modified OECT sensors have extremely high sensitivity, and can achieve a detection limit of glucose and lactate down to 10−7 and 10−6m, respectively. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel is successfully integrated with the OECT sensors, which provides a compact chip size of the sensors, a short detection time of around 1 min and extremely low consumption of analyte (30 L). The cross talk between individual sensors in multianalyte sensing devices is also reduced by the dual microfluidic channel structure. Practical applications, such as for detecting glucose in saliva, can therefore be realized, and a prototype of a portable glucose sensor has been successfully created in this study. This portable glucose sensor has excellent potential for real‐time and noninvasive glucose sensing applications.
Direct Access to β‐Fluorinated Aldehydes by Nitrite‐Modified Wacker Oxidation
Authors: Chu Crystal K. , Ziegler Daniel T. , Carr Brian , Wickens Zachary K. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: May 2016

An aldehyde‐selective Wacker‐type oxidation of allylic fluorides proceeds with a nitrite catalyst. The method represents a direct route to prepare β‐fluorinated aldehydes. Allylic fluorides bearing a variety of functional groups are transformed in high yield and very high regioselectivity. Additionally, the unpurified aldehyde products serve as versatile intermediates, thus enabling access to a diverse array of fluorinated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that inductive effects have a strong influence on the rate and regioselectivity of the oxidation.
A flexible cure rate model for spatially correlated survival data based on generalized extreme value distribution and Gaussian process priors
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Xia , Dey Dipak K.
Published: May 2016

Our present work proposes a new survival model in a Bayesian context to analyze right‐censored survival data for populations with a surviving fraction, assuming that the log failure time follows a generalized extreme value distribution. Many applications require a more flexible modeling of covariate information than a simple linear or parametric form for all covariate effects. It is also necessary to include the spatial variation in the model, since it is sometimes unexplained by the covariates considered in the analysis. Therefore, the nonlinear covariate effects and the spatial effects are incorporated into the systematic component of our model. Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a natural framework for modeling potentially nonlinear relationship and have recently become extremely powerful in nonlinear regression. Our proposed model adopts a semiparametric Bayesian approach by imposing a GP prior on the nonlinear structure of continuous covariate. With the consideration of data availability and computational complexity, the conditionally autoregressive distribution is placed on the region‐specific frailties to handle spatial correlation. The flexibility and gains of our proposed model are illustrated through analyses of simulated data examples as well as a dataset involving a colon cancer clinical trial from the state of Iowa.
Using iPSC‐derived human DA neurons from opioid‐dependent subjects to study dopamine dynamics
Authors: Sheng Yang , Filichia Emily , Shick Elizabeth , Preston Kenzie L. , Phillips Karran A. , Cooperman Leslie , Lin Zhicheng , Tesar Paul , Hoffer Barry , Luo Yu
Published: May 2016

Introduction

The dopaminergic (DA) system plays important roles in addiction. However, human DA neurons from drug‐dependent subjects were not available for study until recent development in inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology.

Methods

In this study, we produced DA neurons differentiated using iPSCs derived from opioid‐dependent and control subjects carrying different 3′ VNTR (variable number tandem repeat) polymorphism in the human dopamine transporter (DAT or SLC6A3). In addition, the effects of valproic acid (VPA) exposures on iPSC‐derived human DA neurons are also examined.

Results

We present the first evidence suggesting that the 3′ VNTR polymorphism in the hDAT gene affects DAT expression level in iPSC‐derived human DA neurons. In human DA neurons, which provide an appropriate cellular milieu, VPA treatment alters the expression of several genes important for dopaminergic neuron function including DAT, Nurr1, and TH; this might partly explain its action in regulating addictive behaviors. VPA treatment also significantly increased DA D2 receptor (Drd2) expression, especially in the opioid‐dependent iPSC cell lines.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that human iPSC‐derived DA neurons may be useful in in vitro experimental model to examine the effects of genetic variation in gene regulation, to examine the underlying mechanisms in neurological disorders including drug addiction, and to serve as a platform for therapeutic development.
Improved 6‐year overall survival in AT/RT – results of the registry study Rhabdoid 2007
Authors: Bartelheim Kerstin , Nemes Karolina , Seeringer Angela , Kerl Kornelius , Buechner Jochen , Boos Joachim , Graf Norbert , Dürken Matthias , Gerss Joachim , Hasselblatt Martin , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Teichert von Luettichau Irene , Nagel Inga , Nygaard Randi , Oyen Florian , Quiroga Eduardo , Schlegel Paul‐Gerhardt , Schmid Irene , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Siebert Reiner , Solano‐Paez Palma , Timmermann Beate , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Frühwald Michael Christoph
Published: May 2016

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are characterized by mutations and subsequent inactivation of SMARCB1 (INI1, hSNF5), a predilection for very young children and an unfavorable outcome. The European Registry for rhabdoid tumors (EU‐RHAB) was established to generate a common European database and to establish a standardized treatment regimen as the basis for phase I/II trials. Thus, genetic analyses, neuropathologic and radiologic diagnoses, and a consensus treatment regimen were prospectively evaluated. From 2005 to 2009, 31 patients with AT/RT from four countries were recruited into the registry study Rhabdoid 2007 and treated with systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy. Eight patients received high‐dose chemotherapy, 23 radiotherapy, and 17 maintenance therapy. Reference evaluations were performed in 64% (genetic analyses, FISH, MLPA, sequencing) up to 97% (neuropathology, INI1 stain). Germ‐line mutations (GLM) were detected in 6/21 patients. Prolonged overall survival was associated with age above 3 years, radiotherapy and achievement of a complete remission. 6‐year overall and event‐free survival rates were 46% (±0.10) and 45% (±0.09), respectively. Serious adverse events and one treatment‐related death due to insufficiency of a ventriculo peritoneal shunt (VP‐shunt) and consecutive herniation were noted. Acquisition of standardized data including reference diagnosis and a standard treatment schedule improved data quality along with a survival benefit. Treatment was feasible with significant but manageable toxicity. Although our analysis is biased due to heterogeneous adherence to therapy, EU‐RHAB provides the best available basis for phase I/II clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Nonadecasulfur(2+) Bis(hexafluoroantimonate(1‐)) S19(SbF6)2, Octasulfur(2+) Di‐μ‐fluoro‐dodecafluorotriantimonate(1‐) Hexafluoroantimonate(1‐) S8(Sb3F14)(SbF6), and Tetrasulfur(2+) Di‐μ‐fluoro‐difluorodiantimony(2+) μ‐Fluoro‐tetrafluorodiantimony(1+) Pentakis(hexafluoroantimonate(1‐)) S4(Sb2F4)(Sb2F5)(SbF6)5.
Authors: FAGGIANI R. , GILLESPIE R. J. , SAWYER J. F. , VEKRIS J. E.
Published: May 2016

S19(SbF6)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a, Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of cyclo‐Hexaphosphates. Part 3. Structure of Dilithium Dimanganese cyclo‐Hexaphosphate Decahydrate.
Authors: AVERBUCH‐POUCHOT M. T.
Published: May 2016

Li2Mn2P6O18·10 H2O precipitates from an aqueous solution of manganese chloride and lithium cyclo‐hexaphosphate hexahydrate (Li: Mn = 2).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of α‐LiZnPO4.
Authors: ELAMMARI L. , ELOUADI B.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are grown by melting (1510 K) a LiZnPO4 powder prepared from a stoichiometric mixture of Li2CO3, ZnO, and (NH4)2HPO4 (623‐1123 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Carbon Anodes for the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Part 1. The Role of the Reduction Method for Carbon Supported Platinum Electrodes.
Authors: GOODENOUGH J. B. , HAMNETT A. , KENNEDY B. J. , MANOHARAN R. , WEEKS S. A.
Published: May 2016

It is found that the efficiency of platinized porous carbon electrodes for the electrooxidation of MeOH in H2SO4 strongly depends on the Pt deposition method.
ChemInform Abstract: The Inhibition of Sulfuric Acid Corrosion of 410 Stainless Steel by Thioureas
Authors: AGRAWAL R. , NAMBOODHIRI T. K. G.
Published: May 2016

(thiourea, allyl‐ and phenylthiourea) is studied by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and SEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Dynamics of Tetranuclear Iridium Carbonyl Cluster Compounds. Part 3. Crystallographic and Dynamic Evidence for the Intermediate of the “Merry‐go‐round” Process in Nonacarbonyl‐μ3‐(1,3,5‐trithiane)‐tetrairidium.
Authors: SUARDI G. , STRAWCZYNSKI A. , ROS R. , ROULET R. , GREPIONI F. , BRAGA D.
Published: May 2016

The two isomeric forms (I) (space group Cc, Z=4) and (II) (P1, Z=4) are obtained by recrystallization of the title complex, a product from NEt4(Ir4(CO)11I) and 1,3,5‐trithiane after iodide abstraction with AgBF4 (yield 71%).
ChemInform Abstract: Charge‐Transfer Complexes of Tetrazinodiheteroarenes with Acceptor Compounds.
Authors: HELLRUNG B. , BALLI H.
Published: May 2016

Based on VIS/NIR and potentials of oxidation and reduction of donors such as (I) and (II) and acceptors such as (III) and (IV), respectively, the amount of intimate radical ion pairs in the formation of CT complexes in dichloroethane is estimated.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure 3‐endo‐Sulfonylmethyl‐Substituted Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane‐2‐endo‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: METZ P.
Published: May 2016

The enantiomeric lactone (‐)‐(II) is obtained as well by the analogous route shown in the scheme for (+)‐(II).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Ketenes from Carboxylic Acids Using the Mukaiyama Reagent (1‐Methyl‐2‐chloropyridinium Iodide).
Authors: FUNK R. L. , ABELMAN M. M. , JELLISON K. M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the unsaturated carboxylic acids (I) and (III) with 1‐methyl‐2‐chloropyridinium iodide and triethylamine results in ring closure to give the fused cyclobutanones (II) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 1,3‐Dimethyluracil. A Novel Photochemical Reaction Leading to 3,5‐Dialkoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐ and ‐1,4‐dihydropyridines.
Authors: KRISTIANSEN M. , ERIKSEN J. , JOERGENSEN K. A.
Published: May 2016

In addition to the previous reported photoproducts ((III), (Xa), and 1:1 dimers), irradiation of (I) in MeOH (II) (254 nm) leads to fluorescent dihydropyridines (IV) and (V) in low yield (highest yield 1‐2%).
ChemInform Abstract: Attempted Rearrangement of Cyclobutyl Anions to 3‐Butenyl Anions: Endocyclic Ring Opening Upon Reaction of 3,3‐Diphenyl‐1‐vinylcyclobutyl Methyl Ether with Alkali Metals ‐ Via Anions or Radicals?
Authors: MAERCKER A. , BERKULIN W.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the title compound (I) with sodium yields mainly the open‐chain E/Z‐isomeric trianions (II) and (III) besides the expected cyclobutyl anion (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols by Migratory Insertion Reactions of Higher‐Order Cyanocuprates and Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Involving Enol Carbamates.
Authors: KOCIENSKI P. , DIXON N. J.
Published: May 2016

The vinylstannane (III), prepared from the vinyl carbamate (I) by lithiation with butyllithium and subsequent transmetalation with trimethylchlorostannane (II), reacts with the lithium cuprates (IV) to produce the disubstituted alkenes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Methylsulfinylarenes.
Authors: WAKABAYASHI S. , TANAKA T. , KUBO Y. , UENISHI J. , OAE S.
Published: May 2016

All four methylsulfinylhetarenes (I) and (II) react permutingly with MeMgBr in THF to give the cross‐coupled products (V)‐(VIII) together with the homo‐coupled dimers (III) and (IV).